bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nostalgia and/as loose causality in Belle Époque and La lengua de las mariposas
Authors: López-Quiñones Antonio Gómez
Published: October 2014

Belle Époque (Trueba, 1992) and La lengua de las mariposas (Cuerda, 1999) offer a nostalgic representation of a specific Spanish past, the Second Republic. This period is rendered as an ahistorical, quasi-bucolic and freer time when sexual and/or cognitive desire circulated with fewer restrictions. In addition, in these two films, nostalgia is not only a set of topics or an emotional tone, but also (and above all) a narrative structure based on a semi-disjointed episodicity. The success of this episodic approach to the idealized scenario of the Second Republic cannot be properly understood without paying attention (and in contrast) to the type of films that a young generation of directors popularized in the 1990s. These film-makers emphasized tight causal plots and a thematic interest in pan-European, late-capitalist tribulations, such as commodification, lack of authenticity, delusion and social marginalization. In this context, Belle Époque and La lengua de las mariposas re-imagine a different, looser and less constrained experience of time and temporal succession.
Archival images and audiovisual testimony – Negotiating the end of empire in the documentary films Guerra Colonial. Histórias de Campanha em Moçambique (1998) and Natal 71 (1999)
Authors: Stock Robert
Published: October 2014

This article analyses Portuguese documentary films from the 1990s, when public discussions about the war of decolonization gained a new dynamic. The video series Guerra Colonial. Histórias de Campanha (Quirino Simões, 1998) relates the war in Angola, Guinea and Mozambique mainly by drawing on archival material and voice-over narration. Margarida Cardoso’s Natal 71 (1999) concentrates on specific episodes and individual experiences of the war in Mozambique. This article explores how the aforementioned films use certain strategies to include footage, other visual representations and audiovisual testimonies in order to create a specific image of the past. The leading question is not how much truth these films contain, but rather which techniques they implement in order to produce truth, authenticity and evidence about the war and the people involved. I will argue that documentary productions constitute a form of memory politics in which discussion and negotiation of the colonial past are brought forward from particular social frameworks situated in the present.
The Women’s Socialist Group of Madrid (1906–1927): (Re)defining citizenship for Spanish women
Authors: del Moral Vargas Marta
Published: October 2014

This article investigates the origins, main characteristics and some of the campaigns organized by the Women’s Socialist Group of Madrid (WSGM). It shows a general overview of the social diversity of WSGM’s members and of the different strategies advanced by their leaders. It argues that the WSGM played a decisive role in incorporating women from working-class backgrounds into the campaign for the recognition of women as full citizens, which was later achieved in the Constitution of the Second Republic in 1931.
Reviews
Authors: Rendeiro Margarida , Miller Austin
Published: October 2014

A Short History of the Spanish Civil War, Julián Casanova (2013) London: I.B. Tauris, 230 pp., ISBN 978-1-84885-658-5 (pbk), £12.99; ISBN 878-1-84885-657-8 (hbk)

Spanish Horror Film, Antonio Lázaro-Reboll (2012) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9780748636389 (hbk), £65; ISBN: 9780748636396 (pbk), £19.99.
»Hauptsache ein Job später«
Authors: Dempki Carolin
Published: October 2014

Jugendliche mit Hauptschulhintergrund haben große Schwierigkeiten beim Übergang von der Schule in die Arbeitswelt. Während verschiedene Studien diese objektive Betroffenheit immer wieder bestätigen, weiß man nur sehr wenig darüber, was sie selbst über Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit denken oder wissen und wie sie hierzu fühlen. Mit welchen Vorstellungen versuchen diese formal gering gebildeten Jugendlichen in die Arbeitswelt einzutreten? Carolin Dempkis (geb. Kölzer) qualitative Studie nimmt Bezug zur fachdidaktischen Vorstellungsforschung in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Domäne und berücksichtigt insbesondere die emotionalen Aspekte und die subjektive Betroffenheit der Jugendlichen.
Grenzbewusster Sadomasochismus
Authors: Wagner Elisabeth
Published: October 2014

Wie wird Sexualität reguliert und normalisiert? Die Gegenwartsgesellschaft zeigt sich im Hinblick auf individuelle und sexuelle Handlungsspielräume als widersprüchlich. Elisabeth Wagner geht dem am Beispiel des Sadomasochismus nach. Anhand von Interviews rekonstruiert sie, wie sich SM-Praktizierende zwischen einem Versprechen sexueller Freiheit und dem fortwährenden Skandalisierungspotential abweichender Sexualitäten konstruieren, positionieren, als Subjekte konstituieren und um eine anerkannte Identität ringen. Die Studie leistet einen empirisch fundierten Beitrag über Prozesse der (Selbst-)Normalisierung und geht damit über bisherige überwiegend theoretisch argumentierende Analysen hinaus.
The Broken Hallelujah
Authors: Stockel H. Henrietta
Published: October 2014

This article describes the effects of the recent shortage of priests on an historic association between the Franciscan Order and the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apaches. To retain their priest at the St. Joseph Apache Mission on the Mescalero Apache Reservation in New Mexico, the tribe held two separate traditional Apache Blessing Ceremonies in 2013. Now recovering from being a priestless parish, St. Joseph Apache Mission struggles to meet its spiritual and financial needs as parishioners cope with acclimating to an unfamiliar diocesan priest.
Enzimas marcadoras de indução de resistência diferencialmente reguladas em soja resistente e suscetível à ferrugem-asiática-da-soja
Authors: Almeida Hebréia Oliveira , Barbosa Meire de Oliveira , Marques Ana Ermelinda , Pereira Tânus Henrique Abdalla , Magalhães Júnior Marcos Jorge , Tessarollo Nayara Gusmão , Games Patrícia Dias , Barros Everaldo Gonçalves de , Stolf-Moreira Renata , Marcelino-Guimarães Francismar Corrêa , Abdelnoor Ricardo Vilela , Pereira Paulo Roberto Gomes , Baracat-Pereira Maria Cristina
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de enzimas marcadoras, a indução de resistência à ferrugem-asiática-da-soja em genótipos de soja contrastantes quanto à suscetibilidade a Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Aproteína total e as atividades de cinco enzimas marcadoras da indução de resistência (lipoxigenases, peroxidases, fenilalanina amônia-liase, quitinases e β-1, 3-glucanases) foram avaliadas em extratos de folhas de plantas de soja dos genótipos Embrapa 48 (suscetível) e PI 561356 (resistente), submetidas à inoculação ou não com o patógeno. Foram observadas respostas de defesa discrepantes entre os dois genótipos e entre os tempos de coleta (12, 72 e 168 horas após inoculação). A resposta de indução dessas enzimas assemelha-se à defesa bifásica, para Embrapa 48, e é consistente com o observado para outros patossistemas. No entanto, o genótipo PI 561356 respondeu com diminuição da concentração de proteína total e das atividades enzimáticas, o que indica redução do metabolismo geral das plantas infectadas. Há um importante mecanismo de resistência do genótipo PI 561356, ainda não relatado, embasado em vias que envolvem essas enzimas marcadoras e em mecanismos que utilizam menor concentração de proteínas, como os de via metabólica de resposta em cascata.
Utilização de multilinhas dinâmicas para o manejo da antracnose do sorgo
Authors: Costa Rodrigo Véras da , Zambolim Laércio , Silva Dagma Dionísia da , Cota Luciano Viana , Casela Carlos Roberto
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do uso de multilinhas dinâmicas, por meio de misturas genéticas em populações de híbridos triplos, no manejo da antracnose do sorgo, causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum sublineolum. Foram obtidos 18 híbridos triplos a partir de sete linhagens que continham genes distintos para resistência à doença. Os 25 genótipos de híbridos e linhagens foram avaliados em campo. Verificou-se, em alguns híbridos, grau de resistência superior ao observado para a linhagem mais resistente utilizada nos cruzamentos, o que indica efeito aditivo dos genes de resistência das diferentes linhagens na composição da resistência final dos híbridos. O usodas multilinhas dinâmicas reduziu a intensidade da doença no campo e aumentou a produtividade. Essa estratégia torna possível a utilização de linhagens que apresentam características agronômicas desejáveis, mas são suscetíveis à antracnose.
Variación genética en el complejo infraespecífico de chayote evaluada mediante sistemas isoenzimáticos
Authors: Avendaño-Arrazate Carlos Hugo , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Arévalo-Galarza María Lourdes , Cisneros-Solano Victor Manuel , Aguirre-Medina Juan Francisco , Moreno-Pérez Esaú del Carmen , Cortés-Cruz Moises , Castillo-Martínez Carlos Roman , Ramírez-Vallejo Porfirio
Published: October 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el grado de variación genética dentro del complejo infraespecífico de Sechium mediante el uso de sistemas isoenzimáticos. Se analizaron 23 loci codificados por 12 sistemas isoenzimáticos, en geles de almidón, en 10 individuos de cada una de las 30 accesiones (27 cultivadas y tres silvestres). La variación genética se estimó con base en el número promedio de alelos por locus (NPAL), porcentaje de porlimorfismo (PP), heterocigosidad observada y esperada (Ho y He), índice relativo de heterocigosidad (IRH) e índice de Shannon (IS). Para NPAL y PP, el promedio para las 30 accesiones fue de 2, 03 y 59, 8%, respectivamente. El análisis de Ho y He mostró variación genética en el complejo infraespecífico de Sechium, con valores promedio de 0, 05 y 0, 26, respectivamente. El IRH mostró una deficiencia de individuos heterocigotos (promedio de -0, 75). El IS mostró gran diversidad en las 30 accesiones (0, 41). Las poblaciones con mayor diversidad fueron Negrito, Verde liso, Negro xalapa, Verde espinoso y Negro cónico; con una variación intermedia fueron Castilla blanco, Caldero y Blanco pequeño; y, con poca variación, Castilla verde, Cambray y los parientes silvestres.
Avaliação agronômica de variedades de cana-de-açúcar inoculadas com bactérias diazotróficas e adubadas com nitrogênio
Authors: Schultz Nivaldo , Morais Rafael Fiusa de , Silva Jeferson Alves da , Baptista Rafael Butke , Oliveira Renan Pedula , Leite José Marcos , Pereira Willian , Carneiro Júnior Josil de Barros , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Baldani José Ivo , Boddey Robert Michael , Urquiaga Segundo , Reis Veronica Massena
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas e da adubação nitrogenada, em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas nas mesmas condições edafoclimáticas. O experimento foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2008/2009, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, instalado em março de 2006 em área de cultivo comercial, no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os tratamentos foram: inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas, adubação com 120 kg ha-1 de N, e o controle sem inoculação e sem adubação com nitrogênio. As variedades de cana-de-açúcar avaliadas foram RB72454 e RB867515. O inoculante continha estirpes de cinco espécies de bactérias diazotróficas. Foram feitas avaliações quanto à produtividade de colmos frescos, ao acúmulo de matéria seca total, ao N total da parte aérea e quanto à abundância natural de 15N do N disponível no solo e na cana-de-açúcar. As variedades apresentaram comportamentos distintos com os tratamentos, em que a RB867515 foi responsiva e a RB72454 não responsiva à inoculação e à adubação nitrogenada. Na variedade RB867515, o crescimento e o acúmulo de N total na parte aérea das plantas, promovidos pela inoculação, foram similares aos do tratamento com adubação nitrogenada.
Variação sazonal de espécies de tripes em videira de acordo com sistemas de manejo e fases fenológicas
Authors: Moreira Andréa Nunes , Oliveira José Vargas de , Oliveira José Eudes de Morais , Oliveira Andréa Costa , Souza Ingride Dayane de
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de espécies de tripes em videira e a flutuação populacional, das espécies mais frequentes e abundantes, em diferentes fases fenológicas e sistemas de manejo. O experimento foi realizado em Petrolina, PE, em cinco parreirais - três da cultivar Sugraone (certificada, semiconvencional e convencional) e duas da cultivar Brasil (certificada e convencional). Foram coletadas folhas e inflorescências durante dois anos consecutivos (2008-2010), em 15 plantas. Foram realizadas análises de correlação entre as médias de infestação de tripes e os fatores meteorológicos temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação pluvial. O número médio de larvas e adultos de tripes foi comparado entre os sistemas de manejo e as fases fenológicas. Nas folhas, foram constatadas as espécies Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Retithrips syriacus, Selenothrips rubrocinctus, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella sp. e Scolothrips sp., além de larvas de Aelothripidae. Nas inflorescências, foram identificadas apenas espécies de Thripidae, F. schultzei, F. brevicaulis, F. rodeos, F. gardeniae e Frankliniella sp. Não houve correlação de temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluvial com o número médio de tripes. Existe um complexo de espécies de tripes na videira, e a fenologia da planta exerce influência na abundância desses insetos.
Medidas de precisão experimental e número de repetições em ensaios de genótipos de arroz irrigado
Authors: Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Marchesan Enio , Silva Leandro Souza da , Toebe Marcos
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adequação das estatísticas acurácia seletiva e valor do teste F para genótipo, como medidas do grau de precisão experimental, e determinar o número de medições (repetições) necessário à predição do desempenho de genótipos de arroz (Oryza sativa) irrigado. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos de 175 ensaios de competição de genótipos de arroz irrigado por alagamento. Os ensaios foram realizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de 1998 a 2011. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e número de genótipos entre 5 e 36. Foram realizadas análises de correlação e de trilha, e calculada a frequência de ensaios em cada classe de precisão experimental. Foram estimados os coeficientes de repetibilidade e calculado o número de repetições necessárias para predizer o valor real dos genótipos. As estatísticas acurácia seletiva e valor do teste F para genótipo são adequadas para avaliar a precisão experimental em ensaios de competição de genótipos de arroz irrigado. Ensaios com cinco repetições identificam genótipos superiores de arroz irrigado, com 82% de exatidão no prognóstico de seu valor real.
Efeitos gênicos de caracteres associados à eficiência no uso de nitrogênio em milho
Authors: DoVale Júlio César , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Bermudez Felipe , Miranda Glauco Vieira
Published: October 2014

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o controle genético da eficiência no uso do nitrogênio (EUN), identificar a importância das eficiências na absorção (EAN) e na utilização (EUtN) na sua composição, e quantificar relação entre produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (MPS) e do sistema radicular com a EUN e com seus componentes. Foram avaliadas 41 combinações híbridas em duas disponibilidades de N: baixa (BN) e alta (AN). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições, em arranjo fatorial simples (combinação híbrida x disponibilidade de N). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio das equações de modelos mistos. Correlações de elevada magnitude foram detectadas entre EAN e EUN, bem como entre essas eficiências e a MPS, tanto em BN como em AN. Em ambas as disponibilidades de N, efeitos genéticos aditivos apresentaram maior importância para os caracteres associados à EUN. Dessa forma, a seleção baseada no desempenho individual de linhagens quanto à MPS pode possibilitar a obtenção de genótipos com alta EUN. Independentemente da disponibilidade de N, a EAN é o componente mais importante da EUN.
Banco de Dados VARSUL: a relevância de suas características e a abrangência de seus resultados
Authors: Collischonn Gisela , Monaretto Valéria de Oliveira
Published: October 2014

O Banco de Dados VARSUL (Variação Linguística Urbana do Sul do País) reúne dados de fala de localidades sócio e culturalmente significativas de três Estados do Sul do Brasil. Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a utilização dos dados de coletâneas de entrevistas levantadas segundo metodologia laboviana, tanto na área de variação linguística quanto em diversas outras áreas de pesquisas, especialmente no que diz respeito a pesquisas fonológicas. A importância e as vantagens obtidas por análises em corpora de língua falada espontânea são abordadas. Discutimos também a possibilidade que levantamentos feitos em moldes de entrevistas sociolinguísticas oferecem para a interface com outras áreas de pesquisa. Algumas características da constituição do Banco VARSUL são apresentadas, tais como a metodologia de obtenção de dados, critérios de seleção dos informantes, modelo de transcrição, facilidades de buscas, entre outras. Ao final, apresentamos um breve levantamento de pesquisas realizadas com esses dados e que tiveram, como objeto de análise, fenômenos fonético-fonológicos variáveis a fim de ilustrar a abrangência de fenômenos já estudados e de mostrar a possibilidade de generalização de resultados.
Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity?
Authors: Leach Joanne M. , Boyko Christopher T. , Cooper Rachel , Woodeson Anna , Eyre Jim , Rogers Christopher D. F.
Published: October 2014

Planners, architects, urban designers and other built environment professionals engage with a myriad of checkboxes, guidelines, requirements and specifications, all of which potentially compromise creativity and innovation in urban design. Approaches that measure performance are accused of belying the nature of places as messy, plural, organic, accidental and emotive; trying to find a formula that works may tick boxes, but it risks creating soulless spaces, oppressing innovation and incorporation of inappropriate design elements. This paper argues that sustainability assessment methods do have something to contribute to creativity and innovation in urban design precisely because they encourage engagement with challenging and often complex societal priorities. Through interviews with built environment professionals and a critical examination of sustainability assessment methods, the authors suggest that such methods can promote creativity and innovation if they engage competently with sustainability, work at a scale that allows for both breadth and depth (typically greater than the building scale) and incorporate in their design a set of eight key characteristics designed to promote creativity and innovation.
Gonad development and size at maturity of the male mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Forsskål, 1755) in a tropical mangrove swamp
Authors: Islam Md. Sherazul , Kurokura Hisashi
Published: October 2014

The reproductive traits and size at sexual maturity of the male mud crab Scylla paramamosain were investigated in Pak Phanang mangrove swamps, Thailand. Samples were taken seven times from the local middlemen mud crab traders during June 2006 to January 2008. Gonad development was determined based on histological appearance that was classified into three stages: 1) Immature (Spermatogonia), 2) Maturing (Spermatocytes) and 3) Mature (Spermatids and Spermatozoa). Among the sample population, the highest 72% was under gonad development stage I, whereas mature stage III was only 12%. The size at first maturity was estimated by the external allometric growth and histological observation of gonad. The size at which 50% of individuals attain sexual maturity was estimated by the two mathematical models such as probit analysis and logistic curve. The mean size at first sexual maturity and 50% maturation of male S. paramamosain were 96 mm and 109 mm internal carapace width (ICW) which revealed that 88% individuals were immature. The present result suggested that the minimum legal size of male S. paramamosain capture should be >110 mm ICW.
Genetic variation among three wild populations of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) by allozyme electrophoresis
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Arif , Suraiya Sharmin , Haq Monjurul , Khan Md. Mukhlesur Rahman
Published: October 2014

Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most popular indigenous catfish having considerable potential for aquaculture and commercial importance in Bangladesh. With a view to assessing the genetic status of H. fossilis, three samples Chalan Beel (Pabna), Burungi Beel (Jamalpur) and Bagapura Beel (Mymensingh) were analyzed. For genetic variation study, five enzymes (LDH, EST, MDH, PGM and GPI) were used encoded by eight loci of which three were polymorphic (Mdh-1*, Est-1* and Gpi-1*). The highest mean proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of allele and the mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individual of the Chalan Beel population were observed (25.00%, 1.250 and 6.250%, respectively). The highest gene flow (33.5) and lowest population differentiation (0.0074) found in Burungi Beel-Bagapura Beel indicated the close relationship among them. In the Nei’s UPGMA dendrogram, the Chalan Beel population formed one cluster by the genetic distance of 0.0371 and the other cluster was formed by Burungi beel and Bagapura beel populations (D=0.003).  The results suggested that a considerable genetic variation is maintained among the natural H. fossilis populations.
Lengths, length-length relationships and condition factor of Indian catfish Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822) from the Padma River, Bangladesh
Authors: Chaki Nipa , Joadder Md. Abdur Razzaq , Fahad Md. Foyzul Hassan
Published: October 2014

This study described some biological parameters including lengths, length-length relationships and Fulton’s condition factors of Gagata cenia in the Padma River of Bangladesh, based on 1120 specimens collected from May to November, 2012. Maximum 39.78% female fishes were belonging to the length category of 55-60 mm whereas 51.06% male were belonging to 50-55 mm. The highest mean total lengths were found 66.51±10.28 mm (combined sex), 70.12±09.49 mm (female) and 61.08±09.45 mm (male) in the month of June. Similar findings are also presented for standard length, fork length, body depth, dorsal length, pectoral length, pelvic length and anal length. Linear relationships were also studied among mentioned lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed in all cases. Speraman’s Rank test indicated that there was a strong, positive correlation between total length and condition factor in female, which was statistically significant (rs=0.210, P=0.044). In male, there was no significant correlation between these two (rs=0.167, P=0.262). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the female individuals had the highest condition factor (Mean rank of 79.76). There was a statistically significant differences in the Fulton’s condition factor between males and females (two tailed, Mann-Whitney U = 1324).
Impact of diseases on fish production of baors in Jessore, Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Bipul Kumar , Hossain Md. Mer Mosharraf , Bappa Sanjoy Banerjee , Akter Shirin , Khondoker Shoumo
Published: October 2014

The study was carried out to assess the impact of diseases on fish production in baors of Jessore district, Bangladesh from March 2012 to January 2013. Studied baors were selected randomly from each sub-district which covered 39.22% of total baors and 71.87% baor areas in Jessore district. All the surveyed baors were affected more or less by various diseases and in 80% baors noticeable production loss occurred almost every year. The main diseases were epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), dropsy, gill rot and fin rot; out breaking time ranged from November to February each year. EUS was recorded in 85% baors whereas other diseases were found in various baors at various percentages: dropsy (75%), gill rot (45%) and fin rot (55%). Conferring to the number of affected fishes, 31.25% were affected by EUS, 37.5% by dropsy, 12.5% by gill rot and 18.75% by fin rot. In the year 2012, 0.513% loss of production has occurred that designated 0.7599 million BDT. Through successful work on disease control and management, production loss may be minimized.
Use of artificial substrate in pond culture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): a new approach regarding growth performance and economic return
Authors: Tuly Dilshad Milky , Islam Md. Sherazul , Hasnahena Mst. , Hasan Md. Rezwanul , Hasan Md. Tawhid
Published: October 2014

An experiment was conducted for six months to evaluate the effects of artificial substrates on the survival, growth and production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. The treatment T1 contained locally available bamboo-made substrate both vertical and horizontal and treatment T2 received no substrate. Juvenile prawns (0.40±0.13 g) were stocked at the rate of 19,760 prawns ha-1. The water quality parameters range such as temperature, pH and DO were 22.06-33.45°C, 7.70-8.40 and 4.75-6.15 mgl-1 respectively which was no significant difference (P<0.05) between two treatments. The final weight was 56.48±6.56 g and 45.03±2.11 g in T1 and T2 respectively. The survival rate of T1 was 63.12% which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2 (56.87%). The specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 1.19 % and  1.14 %, 3.15 and 4.39, 0.98 and 0.71 in T1 and T2 respectively which were not significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. The total production and net profit in T1 was 1408 kgha-1 and BDT 117,325 ha-1 which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2. Thus growth and survival of prawn juveniles improved in presence of artificial substrate which could be economically viable technique for the freshwater prawn culture.
Comparative effect of local and foreign commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles
Authors: Mustapha Moshood Keke , Akinware Bolarinwa Faith , Faseyi Charles A. , Alade Aminat Ajoke
Published: October 2014

Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed with a local feed and coppens commercial feed were observed for 16 weeks at  the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and the water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fish fed with coppens showed significant (P<0.05) higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and low food conversion ratio than fish fed with local feed. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality were recorded in fish fed with the local feed. The growth performance was a reflection of the proximate composition of the feeds with local feed having low crude protein (10.95%), lipid (3.95%) and ash (4.92%) when compared to coppens which had 42% crude protein, 12% lipid and 9.5% ash with protein being most significant. Carbohydrate (69.90%) and crude fiber (2.88%) were higher in the local feed than in coppens with an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid ratio. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed. Cost of feeding with local feed to a weight gain of 31.67g was ₦80, while the cost of feeding with coppens to a weight gain of 148.58g was ₦16.
Food and feeding habits of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Ambajogai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sakhare Vishwas Balasaheb , Chalak Ashvini Dnayndeo
Published: October 2014

The food analysis of 150 specimens of Clarias batrachus revealed that the food consisted of insect larvae, small fish, shrimps and organic debris. Small fish and insect larvae were preferred as the primary food item in all the seasons. On average for all months of the study period, small fish dominated the list with a percentage of 30.27.The other food items in descending order are insect larvae (27.66%), worms (20.27%), shrimps (14.3%) and organic debris (7.05%).The feeding intensity in mature fishes was found to be very poor during August to September. This period of poor feeding activities in case mature fishes coincides with the peak spawning season.
Disentangling the effects of habitat suitability, dispersal, and fragmentation on the distribution of river fishes
Authors: Radinger Johannes , Wolter Christian
Published: October 2014

Habitat suitability, dispersal potential, and fragmentation influence the distribution of stream fishes; however, their relative influence and interacting effects on species distributions are poorly understood, which may result in uncertain outcomes of river rehabilitation and conservation. Using empirical data describing 17 relatively common stream fishes, we combine (1) species habitat suitability models (MaxEnt) with a (2) species dispersal model (FIDIMO) and a (3) worst‐case scenario of the influence of river fragmentation on dispersal. Using generalized linear mixed models, we aimed to uncover the role of these factors in explaining the probability of presence. Simulations over nine years allowed for assessing the relative importance of dispersal over time for structuring species occurrences vs. the importance of habitat suitability.

Models combining all three structuring factors performed consistently better in predicting the spatial occurrence patterns than models including only single factors. Our results confirmed that distribution patterns of stream fishes are jointly controlled by species dispersal and habitat suitability. An increase of 0.1 habitat suitability probability more than doubled the odds of species occurrence; an increase of 0.1 dispersal probability yielded a 14‐fold increase of the odds of species occurrence. Temporal simulations revealed that over short time frames (1–2 years) dispersal from nearby source populations is four times more important than habitat suitability for species presence. However, over longer time periods, the importance of habitat suitability increases relative to the importance of dispersal. Surprisingly, fragmentation by migration barriers did not appear as a significant driver of occurrence patterns.

Concluding, these findings demonstrate the importance of the spatial arrangement of suitable habitats and potential source populations, as well as their relative position in relation to barriers. We emphasize considering the direction of connections within river networks and the dispersal abilities of fishes, as well as providing (access to) new, suitable habitat for successful river rehabilitation.
Staged Placement of Growing Rods for Metabolic Bone Disease and Insufficient Bone Quality
Authors: Buckwalter Joseph A. , Weinstein Stuart
Published: October 2014

Case:

We present two cases of successful staged placement of standard growing-rod instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis in children with metabolic bone disease and poor bone quality.

Conclusion:

Because use of growing-rod surgery is increasing throughout the world, we propose that a staged approach to placement of growing rods is a practical and safe option for surgeons who encounter patients with early-onset scoliosis and concomitant poor bone quality.
Entrapment of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon by Direct Impalement in the Osseofibrous Tunnel Under the Sustentaculum Tali: An Extremely Rare Complication of a Calcaneal Fracture
Authors: Komiya Koichiro , Terada Nobuki
Published: October 2014

Case:

This article presents a case of entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the osseofibrous tunnel under the sustentaculum tali due to a bone fragment from a calcaneal fracture. Despite good visualization with computed tomography, we did not recognize this complication preoperatively. Limited motion of the hallux was the key to recognition of this rare pathogenic situation.

Conclusion:

We emphasize the importance of careful physical examination of the forefoot when there is a hindfoot injury.
A Modified Transtibial Pull-Out Repair for Posterior Root Avulsions of the Lateral Meniscus with Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: LaPrade Christopher M. , James Evan W. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: October 2014

Case:

This case series describes the surgical technique for and outcomes after a modified transtibial pull-out repair for posterior root avulsions of the lateral meniscus. This modified technique is designed to prevent tunnel convergence during a concomitant or staging of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Promising short-term clinical outcomes were seen at the two-year follow-up for both patients. On second-look arthroscopy, one patient also demonstrated excellent healing.

Conclusion:

Results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that this technique may (1) facilitate anatomic healing of the root and (2) allow for concomitant or staged ACL reconstruction tunnel reaming.
Belgrandiella bozidarcurcici n. sp., a new species from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)
Authors: Glöer P. , Pesic V.
Published: October 2014

A new hydrobiid snail, Belgrandiella bozidarcurcici n. sp., is described from
the rheocrene and rheopsammocrene springs situated in the canyon of the
Cvrcka River, a region of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The concept of the genus Belgrandiella seems to be extremely
artificial, but for the time being we keep the new species as a member of the
genus based mainly on the shape of the shell of its type species, B. kusceri
(Wagner, 1914).
The most frequent hospital-acquired infections related to medical interventions in hospitals in Vojvodina province
Authors: Cosic Gorana , Djekic Jelena , Petrovic M. , Krtinic Gordana , Karac Tatjana , Jandric-Kocic Jasmina , Markovic-Denic Ljiljana
Published: October 2014

Infections associated with medical procedures, or hospital-acquired
infections (HAIs), occur in all hospitals worldwide. An integrated
infection-control program with HAI surveillance as its cornerstone can reduce
the incidence of HAIs and contribute to economic benefits. The aim of this
paper was to report the prevalence and epidemiological features of HAI in
hospitals in Vojvodina, Serbia. The study population examined herein was
compromised of all of the patients present in the ward at least 48 hours
before the day of surveillance. It also included patients that were scheduled
for discharge or transfer, and those temporarily absent from the ward for
examinations or diagnostic procedures. Data were collected using uniform
questionnaires, created by the scientific board of the study. Data from paper
questionnaires were entered into a specially created electronic database and
analyzed using standard statistical methods. A total of 2 435 patients were
included in the study. The frequency of patients with HAI was 6.6% (95% CI:
5.6%-7.6%), and the prevalence of infection was 7.1% (95% CI: 6.1%-8.1%). HAI
prevalence was significantly different depending on the ward, ranging from
1.7% in the gynecology department to 18.1% in intensive care departments. The
most common type of HAI was pneumonia, representing 20.9% of all reported
HAIs. The second most frequently reported type of HAI was surgical site
infection (19.8%), followed by urinary tract infection (17.4%),
gastro-intestinal infection (14.5%) and bloodstream infection (11.0%). The
most commonly found microorganisms were Enterococcus spp. (14.5%), Klebsiella
pneumoniae (14.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (13.7%), coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus spp. (12.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.5%) and Clostridium
difficile (7.3%). The most frequently used antibiotics in therapy were third
generation cephalosporins to which most of the isolates showed resistance.
Although the consumption of carbapenems in this sample was only 8%, the
registered carbapenem resistance in some bacteria indicates more frequent and
longer use of carbapenems in hospitals with the side effect of selective
pressure.
Anti-Toxocara antibodies in patients with suspected visceral larva migrans and evaluation of environmental risk of human infection in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Colovic-Calovski Ivana , Jekic A. , Stevanovic O. , Dubljanin Eleonora , Kulisic Z. , Dzamic A.M.
Published: October 2014

Toxocariasis is a frequent zoonotic parasitosis in Serbia. The aim of the
study was to examine anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) in patients with suspected visceral larva migrans (VLM) in
Belgrade, and to estimate the prevalence of T. canis eggs in dog fecal
deposits collected in green public areas. A total of 145 patients were
examined by ELISA. In 26.39% (38/144) of serum samples, T. canis IgG were
detected, and in 6 CSF samples, 2 were positive for antibodies.
Seropositivity was detected in 26.1% (34/130) adults and 33.3% (5/15)
children. A total number of 155 fresh dog feces were collected in five public
parks in Belgrade where T. canis eggs were identified with a prevalence of
33.55% (52/155). Based on the high prevalence of parasite eggs, we estimated
a high risk of human infection by T. canis eggs in public green areas in
Belgrade.
Onychomycosis: Clinical findings, etiological agents and evaluation of laboratory methods
Authors: Dubljanin Eleonora , Dzamic A.M. , Mitrovic Sanja , Arsic-Arsenijevic Valentina , Colovic-Calovski Ivana
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the etiological agents in patients with
suspected onychomycosis, and to carry out comparative testing of individual
or combinations of tests: direct microscopy with KOH and Blankophor (BP),
culturing on Sabouraud?s dextrose agar (SDA), diluted Sabouraud?s dextrose
agar (D-SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). From 70 nail samples (65
toenails, 5 fingernails), 46 (60.5%) had at least one of five positive tests.
Isolation was possible in 41, while in 5 samples the presence of fungi was
observed by KOH and/or BP. Dermatophytes were most frequently isolated
(80.5%) where Trichophyton rubrum was predominant. Candida spp. was isolated
in 9.8%, Aspergillus spp. 4.9%, Alternaria spp. 2.4% and Fusarium spp. 2.4%.
Application of BP as an individual test was the most sensitive method. The
combination of BP with DTM or D-SDA provides the best sensitivity and allows
the identification of fungi to the species/genus level.
The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 7Be in moss from spas in eastern Serbia in the period 2000-2012
Authors: Cuculovic Ana , Sabovljevic M. , Veselinovic D.
Published: October 2014

In this work we present the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides
40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 7Be in mosses. One hundred and sixty-seven moss
samples were collected between 2001 and 2012 from the territory of the
Sokobanja, Banja Josanica and Gamzigradska Banja spas. They were classified
into 23 species. The activity concentrations (Bq/kg) in moss from Sokobanja
spa were: 40K 25-427; 226Ra 0.3-36; 232Th 1.0-37; 238U 0.4-28 and 7Be 29-210;
from Banja Josanica spa they were: 40K 90-242; 226Ra 2.4-11.7; 232Th
2.0-12.7; 238U 1.6-11.3 and 7Be 142-212; Gamzigradska Banja spa: 40K 95-351;
226Ra 8.0-21; 232Th 5.1-19; 238U 6.7-18 and 7Be 20-144. The activity
concentrations of dominant natural radionuclides (potassium, radium, thorium
and uranium) in the moss samples were within the usual ranges for the
territory of Serbia.
Does physiological integration among intraclonal ramets of Iris pumila enhance stress tolerance in heterogeneous environments?
Authors: Manitasevic-Jovanovic Sanja , Vuleta Ana , Tucic Branka
Published: October 2014

We tested the hypothesis that sharing essential resources through
interconnected ramets increases stress tolerance of a clonal plant in patchy
environments. A number of circle-shaped clones of Iris pumila naturally
growing in a sunexposed habitat were selected and cut into two equal halves
with different integration status: one with intact and the other with
disconnected rhizomes. One-half of each clone was then shaded with a neutral
screen to provide 50% of ambient irradiance, so that one-half of both clones
consisted of connected and disconnected halves (referred to as ?clone
quarters?). Leaves collected from each clone quarter were analyzed for
malondialdehyde (MDA) content (a stress indicator) and the values of three
functional traits, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC)
and leaf water content (LWC). MDA content was greater in unshaded (more
stressed) than in shaded (less stressed) leaves. All three morphological
traits changed with light gradient, but only SLA was impacted by the ramet
integration status. SLA and MDA tended to be inversely related in each clone
quarter, indicating a (compensatory) mechanism utilized by I. pumila plants
in coping with environmental stress. SLA and LDMC were highly negatively
correlated in general, but less strongly in interconnected ramets compared to
those with a disrupted connection. The results suggest that intraclonal
physiological integration confers a fitness benefit to I. pumila plants in
heterogeneous environments, likely by balancing two fundamental plant
activities - rapid biomass production and nutrient conservation.
Different effects of microwaves and conventional heating on bacteriophage λ proliferation in E. coli
Authors: Nikolic Biljana , Milojevic Natasa , Stanisavljev D. , Knezevic-Vukcevic Jelena
Published: October 2014

The proliferation of bacteriophage ? in E. coli was used as a model to
compare the effects of microwaves and conventional heating on cell
metabolism. Irradiation was carried out in a single-mode focused reactor at
2.45 GHz, under an absorption rate of 0.8?0.1 W/g and at constant temperature
(33?C or 37?C). The kinetic curve of phage release from cells irradiated at
37?C was decreased as compared to the control, but significantly increased at
33?C. This was attributed to local overheating of cells by microwaves. Based
on the conventional heating experiments, performed at 33?C, 37?C, 41?C and
45?C, we estimated that microwave-induced overheating inside cells was
between 4?C and 8?C. However, this should have a limited effect on virus
proliferation at 33?C, contrary to the obtained results. The increased
expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) was proposed to be responsible for
the observed effect of microwaves on virus proliferation.
Morphological and genome size variations within populations of Edraianthus graminifolius “Jugoslavicus” (Campanulaceae) from the central Balkan peninsula
Authors: Rakic Tamara , Siljak−Yakovlev Sonia , Sinzar-Sekulic Jasmina , Lazarevic Maja , Stevanovic Branka , Stevanovic V. , Lakusic D.
Published: October 2014

The E. graminifolius complex is widely distributed in the continental part of
the central and western Balkan Peninsula and is characterized by pronounced
morphological variability. Plants grow on different geological substrates,
span a wide altitudinal range and inhabit heterogeneous microclimatic
conditions. The aim of this study was to compare morpho-anatomical and genome
size variations among 31 populations of E. graminifolius, and to correlate
morphoanatomical characteristics of plants with the geomorphologic and
bioclimatic characteristics of their habitats. For these purposes,
multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Results showed that most of
morphological variability could be explained as the adaptive responses of
plants to diverse environmental conditions that accompany life at different
altitudes. Populations from SE Serbia had larger genome size in respect to
other investigated populations. Genome size was bigger in sympatric
populations of Edraianthus then in allopatric ones. Apart from the general
morphological variability, plants from the Ovcar-Kablar Gorge are
particularly morphologically specific.
The relevance of oxidative stress balance (Superoxide dismutase versus malondialdehyde) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Danulescu Răzvana , Alin Ciobica , Carol Stanciu , Maria Ana , Iorga Raluca , Anca Trifan
Published: October 2014

Among bacterial infections associated with hepatic cirrhosis, the most common
is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Despite different protective
measures, such as early diagnosis, therapy with albumin and the introduction
of new antibiotics, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, with a
mortality rate of 20-40%. In this context, the identification of patients
with increased risk of death is extremely important for improving the
prognosis. Thus, there is growing interest for studying the effects and
mechanisms of oxidative stress, considering the requirements for identifying
new substances with hepatoprotective functions and reducing various adverse
effects. In this study, we assessed oxidative stress markers, the antioxidant
enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the marker of lipid peroxidation,
malondialdehyde (MDA), in the serum and ascitic fluid in patients with
decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, in patients diagnosed with decompensated
liver cirrhosis with ascites and in patients with compensated liver
cirrhosis. Increased oxidative stress, demonstrated by a significant decrease
of SOD and increase in MDA levels, was observed in patients with
decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, compared with those without SBS, as well as
those with compensated liver cirrhosis. Measuring these oxidative stress
markers could have a fundamental importance in the diagnosis, treatment and
follow-up of this liver pathology.
Establishing links between alcohol intake, cognitive functions and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Toarba Cristina , Hogas Simona , Covic Adrian , Padurariu Manuela , Ciobica Alin , Chirita Roxana , Graur Mariana
Published: October 2014

In the present report, we studied the associations that might exist between
alcohol consumption, cognitive functions and diabetic pathology in patients
with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The alcohol intake of 219 patients diagnosed with
diabetes was classified into 6 groups: nondrinkers, 0.1-9.9, 10.0-14.9,
15.0-29.9, 30.0-49.9 and ? 50.0, according to the total amount (grams/day) of
alcohol consumption. Our results mainly confirm that moderate alcohol
consumption can reduce some of the neuropathological aspects of T2D, as
demonstrated by the decrease in glycemic levels in patients that consumed
higher levels of alcohol (30.0-49.9 g/day), when compared to non-drinkers
(p=0.04) or groups in which individuals consumed 0.1-9.9 g/day (p=0.01) and
10.0-14.9 g/day (p=0.02). Regarding the results of cognitive testing, we
noticed a significant increase in the values of the MMSE score a lower dose
of alcohol intake (0.1-9.9 g/day) was compared with higher doses: 30.0-49.9
g/day (p=0.008) and ? 50.0 g/day (p=0.047).
Leptin and glucocorticoid signaling pathways in the hypothalamus of female and male fructose-fed rats
Authors: Vojnovic-Milutinovic Danijela , Nikolic Marina , Dinic Jovana , Djordjevic Ana , Velickovic Natasa , Elakovic Ivana , Matic Gordana , Nestorov Jelena
Published: October 2014

Alterations in leptin and glucocorticoid signaling pathways in the
hypothalamus of male and female rats subjected to a fructose-enriched diet
were studied. The level of expression of the key components of the leptin
signaling pathway (neuropeptide Y /NPY/ and suppressor of cytokine signaling
3 /SOCS3/), and the glucocorticoid signaling pathway (glucocorticoid receptor
/GR/, 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 /11?HSD1/ and
hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase /H6PDH/) did not differ between fructose-fed
rats and control animals of both genders. However, in females, a
fructose-enriched diet provoked increases in the adiposity index, plasma
leptin and triglyceride concentrations, and displayed a tendency to decrease
the leptin receptor (ObRb) protein and mRNA levels. In male rats, the
fructose diet caused elevations in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and
triglycerides, as well as in both plasma and hypothalamic leptin
concentrations. Our results suggest that a fructose-enriched diet can induce
hyperleptinemia in both female and male rats, but with a more pronounced
effect on hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in females, probably contributing
to the observed development of visceral adiposity.