bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data envelopment analysis based efficiency measurement of engineering change controlling for infrastructure construction under integrated project delivery mode
Authors: Zhang Yinglong , Hu Hao
Published: March 2020

Engineering management is undergoing revolution and innovation due to the rapid development in smart city and infrastructure construction worldwide. Infrastructure construction projects, including large‐scale transportation projects, usually have the characteristics of huge investment, long construction period, and complex construction technology. Engineering change controlling is an important part of project management in infrastructure construction. Owing to main participants’ early involvement and working on mutual trust and benefits, integrated project delivery (IPD) mode has significant advantages in reducing engineering change, and thus draws much concern in infrastructure construction. IPD is featured by implementing a range of fundamental principles. Previous studies were rarely involved in how to address these IPD principles in certain IPD projects. This study constructed an IPD projects’ change controlling efficiency evaluation system using data envelopment analysis (DEA), correlating the change controlling efficiency and the implementing of IPD principles. The authors established the evaluation model. It is demonstrated that DEA was a feasible way for IPD projects’ relative change controlling efficiency calculating. By analysing the case study results, the authors explored how to use IPD principle to promote the IPD projects to yield better results from the perspective of engineering change controlling.
Direct torque controlled induction motor drive using modified five‐level torque controller for reduction in torque ripple
Authors: Manohar Murli , Das Sukanta
Published: March 2020

The work presents a modified switching strategy in a five‐level torque controller while implementing a direct torque control scheme for the induction motor (IM) drive. Apart from the presence of conventional full‐voltage vectors, the inclusion of intermediate‐ and zero‐voltage vectors brings in the modification above in a five‐level torque controller. Moreover, the estimation of flux in the scheme is done by machine current model. These adjustments result in the reduction in the torque and speed ripples; and improve the flux regulation in the low‐speed region, thereby obtaining superior low‐speed performance. The performance of the proposed scheme is exhaustively tested in MATLAB/Simulink and further by hardware experimentation with a laboratory‐type setup of 2.2 kW, two‐level voltage source inverter fed IM drive.
Implementation and analysis of ultracapacitor charger in hybrid energy‐storage system for electric‐vehicle applications
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Cheng Chun‐An
Published: March 2020

The light rail vehicles (commonly known as tramways or lightly laid railways) offer environmental advantages and have evoked an impressive attraction. The hybrid energy‐storage systems efficiently supply energy for the light rail vehicles during the travel. This study implements and analyses an ultracapacitor charger in hybrid energy‐storage system for electric‐vehicle applications. Moreover, an ultracapacitor charger based on a full‐bridge DC–DC converter that utilises a synchronous‐rectification technique and high charging‐current capability is presented. The proposed converter's current‐doubler synchronous rectification reduces the secondary circulating current and recycles the energy of the leakage current to the power‐source lead to further increase conversion efficiency. A prototype of this ultracapacitor charger, with an input voltage of 380 V and an output voltage of 14.6 V, has been implemented; the measured efficiency is 92.1% at a full load of 1 kW. In addition, the experimental results show the highest efficiency is 93.4% at an output power of 600 W. Furthermore, an ultracapacitor of 250 F is charged by the presented converter with a charging current of 65 A, and experimental waveforms illustrate that the charging time of the ultracapacitor voltage from 0 to 14.6 V is within 1 min.
Radar recognition of multiple micro‐drones based on their micro‐Doppler signatures via dictionary learning
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Li Gang , Baker Chris
Published: March 2020

Most existing work on radar classification of micro‐drones assumes that the received signal is wholly reflected from a single micro‐drone. However, when there are multiple micro‐drones in the observed scene, the superimposition of their micro‐Doppler signatures increases the classification difficulty. In particular, it is even more challenging to determine if a specific type of micro‐drones exists. In this study, a method for recognition of multiple micro‐drones based on their micro‐Doppler signatures via dictionary learning is introduced. First, the dictionary is learnt for each type of micro‐drone by using the K‐SVD algorithm on cadence‐velocity diagrams (CVD) of training samples. The CVD is obtained by computing the Fourier transform of the time series of a complex time–frequency spectrogram. Subsequently, the sparse representation of the CVD of multiple micro‐drones is obtained by the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm with the learnt dictionary. Finally, a threshold detector is applied to the sparse solution in order to extract the components of multiple micro‐drones. Experimental results using measured data, which are collected from hovering drones by a continuous‐wave radar in an indoor environment, show that this dictionary‐learning‐based method achieves a recognition performance of 93% when half of the measured data are used for training.
LTE‐based multistatic passive radar system for UAV detection
Authors: Geng Zhe , Xu Renhui , Deng Hai
Published: March 2020

Using the frequency‐division duplex long‐term evolution (LTE)‐based multistatic passive radar system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection is considered. The typical outdoor terrestrial LTE eNodeBs and the broadband direct air‐to‐ground communications network eNodeBs are used to cover the UAVs at the low altitude and at the medium‐high altitude, respectively. The bistatic range measurements are obtained from multiple eNodeBs, and the hyperbolic positioning technique is used for target localisation. Since the existing LTE downlink signals are more suitable for the transmission of the communication data rather than target detection, a new LTE downlink signal feature termed as target localisation reference signals (TLRS) is designed exclusively for the passive radar application using the Costas frequency coding and the P4 phase coding. Compared with the existing LTE downlink signal features, the TLRS have better waveform properties and could potentially provide much higher target detection accuracy. Meanwhile, the TLRS occupy only 0.266% LTE downlink time–frequency resources within a time frame of 1 s when the bandwidth is 10 MHz and have no negative impact on the normal LTE downlink data transmission.
Robust calibration method for distributed ISAR time‐varying frequency errors based on the contrast maximisation principle
Authors: Kang Hailong , Li Jun , Zhang Zijing , Ma Hui , Li Han
Published: March 2020

The linear time‐varying frequency errors (LTFE) caused by the mismatch of transmitter and receiver oscillators can defocus the imaging result of distributed inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) seriously. The LTFE calibration method based on the entropy minimization principle is sensitive to signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and its performance is degraded significantly under low SNR conditions. In addition, this method uses enumeration algorithm to solve the optimization problem, which has a heavy computation burden. Therefore, a robust calibration method based on the contrast maximization principle is proposed. Compared with image entropy, image contrast has better anti‐noise ability because it has better sensitivity property, namely, the change of image contrast is sharper than the change of image entropy. In the proposed method, the estimation of frequency error coefficient is modelled as an unconstrained optimization problem with image contrast as cost function, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to search the global optimal solution. Then, the LTFE can be calibrated by the estimated frequency error coefficient. The proposed method has better robustness, which can work well under low SNR conditions. Besides, it has higher computational efficiency. Simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Thermal noise performance analysis for dual binary phase‐shift keying tracking of standard BOC signals
Authors: Wang Chuhan , Cui Xiaowei , Zhu Yonghui , Lu Mingquan
Published: March 2020

Among the existing binary offset carrier (BOC) signal receiving technologies, the dual binary phase‐shift keying tracking (DBT), originally designed for alternate BOC (AltBOC) modulated Galileo E5 signal and then extended to standard BOC signals, has its unique characteristics. It incorporates both single‐band and dual‐band processing schemes into a unified and simple structure to meet both requirements of improving ranging precision and anti‐jamming. However, in this study, the authors propose that it is problematic to directly extend the DBT technique from the AltBOC signal to the standard BOC signal. The root cause of this problem lies in the fact that the cross‐correlation functions between the received standard BOC signal and the local replicas in the upper and lower sidebands are not an ideal correlation triangle as the AltBOC case, but with some ripples. This leads to more complex behaviours when the DBT technique is applied to standard BOC signals. The rigorous theoretical analysis of this technique is given in respect of thermal noise performance in this study, which can be used not only to optimise the tracking loop parameters of DBT but also to compare the tracking performance of DBT and other tracking technologies.
Robust state estimation with trajectory shape constraints
Authors: Li Keyi , Zhou Gongjian
Published: March 2020

In some tracking applications, target states are subjected to a trajectory shape constraint, where only the trajectory shape is known a priori. By incorporating the trajectory shape constraint, the tracking performance can be improved. However, the existing state estimation methods with trajectory shape constraints are either of high computational load or of poor robustness due to the nature of the existing constraint models. In this study, in order to improve the robustness of the state estimation method with trajectory shape constraints, a generalised model for the trajectory shape constraint imposed by a straight trajectory is proposed. Three unknown general trajectory parameters of the trajectory are treated as states to be estimated along with the target state. Then, pseudo‐measurements are constructed to incorporate the constraint information into estimators. For non‐manoeuvring targets, a robust trajectory shape constraint filter is developed. The sequential measurement processing scheme is employed to reduce the computational load. A corresponding filter initialisation method is derived. While for manoeuvring targets, the proposed constraint filters are embedded into a conventional interacting multiple model estimator as sub‐filters to handle the manoeuvring target tracking problem with a trajectory shape constraint. Monte‐Carlo simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms.
Unequal‐weighted TCAR algorithm for long‐baseline static triple‐frequency ambiguity resolution
Authors: Wang Yaoding , Chen Feiqiang , Liu Wenxiang , Liu Zhe , Wang Feixue
Published: March 2020

On account of the different parameters of delay‐locked loop, multipath effect and code bandwidth, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) pseudorange noise of each frequency is different. An unequal‐weighted three‐carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) algorithm for long‐baseline static triple‐frequency ambiguity resolution is proposed. The algorithm is conducted in cascaded steps. When calculating the coefficients of the extra‐wide‐lane (EWL), wide‐lane (WL) and narrow‐lane (NL) combinations, the difference of pseudorange noise is considered. Real triple‐frequency BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and Global Positioning System observations from four International GNSS Service stations from 13 January to 19 January 2019 are analysed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that compared to the classical equal‐weighted algorithm, the proposed algorithm shows a comparable performance for the EWL and WL ambiguity resolution and much better performance for the NL ambiguity resolution.
Direction of arrival estimation for the uniform or non‐uniform noise with adaptive expectation maximisation algorithm
Authors: Zhang Fuqiang , Zhang Zenghui , Yu Wenxian
Published: March 2020

The authors consider the problem of direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation for the uniform noise (UN) or non‐UN (NUN) in a passive radar. The radar waveform to be estimated is modelled as a deterministic and unknown process. Under this condition, the well‐known expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm can be utilised for the estimation. In the conventional EM algorithm, the DOA is updated in every iteration, whereas the noise power ratio for each signal component is kept constant. Hence, they have to specify the noise power ratio before implementing the EM algorithm. Clearly, the DOA estimation performance of the conventional EM algorithm is sensitive to this initial noise power ratio. To deal with this problem, they propose the adaptive EM (AEM) algorithms for the UN and NUN, respectively. In the authors’ proposed AEM algorithm, the noise power and DOA are jointly estimated and updated in each iteration, which indicates that the noise power ratio for each signal component would be adaptively changed. Therefore, the DOA performance of their proposed AEM algorithm is less sensitive to the initial noise power ratio, thereby achieving better estimation results. Finally, extensive experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of their proposed AEM algorithm.
Ionospheric correction in P‐band ISAR imaging based on polar formatting algorithm and convolutional neural network
Authors: Guo Jianwen , Shi Hongyin , Yang Ting , Qiao Zhijun , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2020

The ionosphere causes serious phase error in P‐band inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) systems, which makes it difficult to obtain a high‐quality image. Recently, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has gained much attention in signal processing, and it can automatically extract features to realise an image super‐resolution reconstruction. As a popular CNN‐based network, U‐net can work with less training samples. Hence, the authors are interested in exploiting and modifying the U‐net to enhance the P‐band ISAR imaging. In this study, in light of the analysis of the effect of the ionospheric total electron content on the ground‐based P‐band radar echo signal, a novel ISAR imaging method is proposed for the ionospheric effect correction based on the modified U‐net and polar formatting algorithm (PFA). The PFA is performed for the phase error coarse compensation. Then, the phase error fine compensation is exploited by the trained U‐net. The proposed method can adapt the ionosphere disturbances and show high performance in imaging quality and computational efficiency. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improved DOA estimation method by distinction of different transmit signals in automotive MIMO frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar systems
Authors: Sim Heonkyo , Kang Seokhyun , Lee Seongwook , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: March 2020

This study proposes an advanced direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method for automotive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) fast‐ramp radar systems. To distinguish the transmitted signal at the receiving antenna, the orthogonal code can be applied to each transmitted signal. In this case, to correctly estimate the angles of the targets, the authors also have to match the distinguished signals to each transmit antenna element. In this study, they use the space‐time block code to distinguish the transmitted signals from the receiving antennas. Furthermore, by applying the deterministic maximum likelihood algorithm to each of the distinguished signals, they can find the true antenna array for DOA estimation and achieve higher estimation accuracy than false antenna array cases. Furthermore, the maximum detectable velocity is doubled compared to the conventional decoding method. In the simulation results, the proposed method provides a three degree smaller root‐mean‐squared error compared to the case when it is not applied. The proposed method also estimates the DOAs of the targets well at low signal‐to‐noise ratios. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by measurement results.
Incorporation of aircraft orientation into automatic target recognition using passive radar
Authors: Ehrman Lisa M. , Lanterman Aaron D.
Published: March 2020

Most research regarding passive radar exploiting ‘illuminators of opportunity’, such as FM radio, has focused on detecting and tracking targets. This study explores adding automatic target recognition (ATR) capabilities to such systems. The ATR algorithms described here use the radar cross‐section (RCS) of potential targets, collected over a short period of time. The received signal model accounts for aircraft position and orientation, propagation losses, and antenna gain patterns. One proposed algorithm uses a coordinated flight model to estimate aircraft orientations, while a more sophisticated algorithm uses an extended Kalman filter to estimate the target orientations along with measures of uncertainty in those estimates. In both cases, the orientations are estimated using velocity measurements obtained from a tracking algorithm. The radar return of each aircraft in the target library is simulated as though each is executing the same manoeuvre as the target detected by the system. To improve the robustness of the result, the more sophisticated algorithm jointly optimises over feasible orientation profiles and target types via dynamic programming.
Optical constants of gamma‐irradiated silver‐doped PVA in the near‐infrared range
Authors: Salah Mohamed , Gad Michael , Elkattan Mohamed , Sabry Yasser
Published: March 2020

Pure and gamma‐irradiated silver‐doped polyvinyl alcohol ‘PVA’ samples are fabricated, and their optical constants are experimentally determined through the measurement of the reflectance and the transmittance. Using the thin‐film model, an iterative method is used to solve for the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. The retrieved refractive index values are verified through a comparison between the theoretical calculations and the practical measurements of the transmittance. The refractive index shows a big increase in the absorption loss of the polymer, when compared to pure PVA. This qualifies the fabricated films for new applications such as optical plasmonic circuits, optical absorbers, solar energy harvesting and sensors in the NIR region. More insight on the functional groups that exist in the fabricated specimens is given by Fourier transform spectroscopy in the mid‐infrared range from 400 to 4000 cm−1.
Rossby modes in slowly rotating stars: depth dependence in distorted polytropes with uniform rotation
Authors: Damiani C. , Cameron R. H. , Birch A. C. , Gizon L.
Published: March 2020

Context.Large-scale Rossby waves have recently been discovered based on measurements of horizontal surface and near-surface solar flows.

Aims.We are interested in understanding why it is only equatorial modes that are observed and in modelling the radial structure of the observed modes. To this aim, we have characterised the radial eigenfunctions ofrmodes for slowly rotating polytropes in uniform rotation.

Methods.We followed Provost et al. (1981, A&A, 94, 126) and considered a linear perturbation theory to describe quasi-toroidal stellar adiabatic oscillations in the inviscid case. We used perturbation theory to write the solutions to the fourth order in the rotational frequency of the star. We numerically solved the eigenvalue problem, concentrating on the type of behaviour exhibited where the stratification is nearly adiabatic.

Results.We find that for free-surface boundary conditions on a spheroid of non-vanishing surface density,rmodes can only exist forℓ = mspherical harmonics in the inviscid case and we compute their depth dependence and frequencies to leading order. For quasi-adiabatic stratification, the sectoral modes with no radial nodes are the only modes which are almost toroidal and the depth dependence of the corresponding horizontal motion scales asrm. For allrmodes, except the zero radial order sectoral ones, non-adiabatic stratification plays a crucial role in the radial force balance.

Conclusions.The lack of quasi-toroidal solutions when stratification is close to neutral, except for the sectoral modes without nodes in radius, follows from the need for both horizontal and radial force balance. In the absence of super- or sub-adiabatic stratification and viscosity, both the horizontal and radial parts of the force balance independently determine the pressure perturbation. The only quasi-toroidal cases in which these constraints on the pressure perturbation are consistent are the special cases whereℓ = mand the horizontal displacement scales withrm.
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for glutaronitrile
Authors: Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Endo Y. , Tercero B. , Cernicharo J.
Published: March 2020

Context. Nitriles constitute almost 15% of the molecules observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), surprisingly only two dinitriles have been detected in the ISM so far. The lack of astronomical detections for dinitriles may be partly explained by the absence of laboratory rotational spectroscopic data.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile, N≡C−CH2−CH2−CH2−C≡N, in order to allow its possible detection in the ISM.

Methods. The rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile was measured using two different experimental setups. A Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was employed to observe the supersonic jet rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile between 6 and 20 GHz. In addition, the mmW spectrum was observed in the frequency range 72−116.5 GHz using a broadband millimetre-wave spectrometer based on radio astronomy receivers with fast Fourier transform backends. The spectral searches were supported by high-level ab initio calculations.

Results. A total of 111 rotational transitions with maximum values of J and Ka quantum numbers 54 and 18, respectively, were measured for the gg conformer of glutaronitrile. The analysis allowed us to accurately determine the rotational, nuclear quadrupole coupling, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. These rotational parameters were employed to search for glutaronitrile in the cold and warm molecular clouds Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b and TMC-1, using the spectral surveys captured by IRAM 30 m at 3 mm. Glutaronitrile was not detected, and the upper limits’ column densities were derived. Those are a factor of 1.5 and 5 lower than those obtained for the total column densities of the analogous succinonitrile in Orion KL and Sgr B2, respectively.
On a quasilinear elliptic problem involving the 1-biharmonic operator and a Strauss type compactness result
Authors: Hurtado Elard J. , Pimenta Marcos T.O. , Miyagaki Olimpio H.
Published: March 2020

In this paper we prove the compactness of the embeddings of the space of radially symmetric functions of BL(ℝN) into some Lebesgue spaces. In order to do so we prove a regularity result for solutions of the Poisson equation with measure data in ℝN, as well as a version of the Radial Lemma of Strauss to the space BL(ℝN). An application is presented involving a quasilinear elliptic problem of higher-order, where variational methods are used to find the solutions.
Boundary null controllability as the limit of internal controllability: The heat case
Authors: Chaves-Silva F.W. , Puel J.-P. , Santos M.C.
Published: March 2020

It is well known that for the heat equation with Dirichlet boundary condition both internal and boundary null controllability hold with controls applied to any open subset of the domain and any open subset of the boundary, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to show that for the heat equation the boundary null controllability can be obtained as the limit of distributed null controllability.
Conversion of diesel locomotive engines to operation on natural gas motor fuel
Authors: Asabin Vitaliy , Roslyakov Alexey , Kurmanova Leyla , Petukhov Sergey , Erzamayev Maxim
Published: March 2020

This research paper contains the results of analysis of a range of variation of the lower heating value of gas during the process of conversion of diesel locomotive engines to operation on natural gas as motor fuel. It was demonstrated in this paper that the range of variation of the lower heating value at the various fields considered in it varied within the limits to 32.4%. A proposal was made to take into consideration the so-termed lower heating value of diesel fuel and natural gas when running diesel locomotive engines on liquid-gas fuel complementary to atmospheric conditions.
Resource Assessment of Spiroid Gears Under Variable Loading Conditions
Authors: Zaitsev Alexander
Published: March 2020

The brief analysis of reasons of failure of mechanisms and drives of lifting, construction, and road-building machines based on engagement drives, and worm-gear class drives, represented by contact destructions of active surfaces of cog-wheel cogs resulting in malfunctions, breakages, failures, such as wear and furrows, was carried out. The need to create a method for calculating the wear of spiroids with regard of variable loading mode and time was substantiated. The method developed allows, with regard of real modes of operation of handling machinery, equipment and machines, determine the wear intensity values and calculate the spiroid gear drive resource with regard of duration of action of diving torque values in accordance with the set variable loading schedule for lifting, construction, and road-building machines under the wear intensity of the spiroid wheel cog on values of driving torque on the spiroid gear drive output shaft, obtained from experiments.
Traction control and diagnostics of electric and unmanned vehicles on roller stands
Authors: Fedotov Alexander , Yankov Oleg , Chernyshkov Anton
Published: March 2020

The authors of the article analyze the possibilities of correct diagnostics of unmanned and electric vehicles on modern power and inertia roller stands. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of monitoring the technical condition of wheeled vehicles by providing highly informative and stable test modes of operation in the process of their diagnostics. To achieve this target, we have developed test methods for wheeled vehicles, the implementation of which it is proposed to use a hybrid designed stand allows to measure force and power to the drive wheels of the vehicle, and temporal and kinematic parameters of the process of its functioning. The study proved that, to ensure a highly stable and test modes of operation of wheeled vehicles in the process of control of technical condition and diagnosis, you should use hybrid stands.
Tasks of developing the aquatory for testing autonomus ships in inland waterways
Authors: Karetnikov Vladimir , Chistyakov Gleb , Ol’khovik Evgeniy
Published: March 2020

For successful implementation of unmanned technologies on water transport, it is proposed to create a specialized test area where autonomus ships and technologies of autonomus navigation could be tested in real conditions. The paper considers the solution of the problem of placement and technical equipment of the test aquatory, provided that risks are minimized, including collision prevention and environmental damage. To select the location of this aquatory, the features of the inland waterways of the European part of the Russian Federation were analyzed and the requirements for this water area were formulated. As a result, two test sites were proposed that allow for all the necessary types of tests of autonomus ships. The paper synthesizes the main parameters, such as the availability of navigation and hydrographic information, electronic cartography, etc. As a result of the study, a site in lake Ladoga was selected. In order to complete the full cycle of necessary measures during the tests and ensure the safety of navigation in a given area, it was decided to design the test aquatory as a set of three maneuvering zones for an unmanned vessel: the safe free maneuvering zone during testing, the turning zone - area of restricted maneuverability on courses and speeds, as well as on the shift of the steering wheel, and the extra safety maneuvering area used to prevent navigation accidents in difficult navigation conditions. The proposed location and concept of the test aquatory fully meet all the requirements for such an innovative infrastructure at the international level.
Organic matter of sediments of South Chukotka
Authors: Aparin Boris , Grabovsky Alexander , Sukhacheva Elena , Mingareeva Elena , Janson Svetlana , Shevchuk Evgeny , Terleev Vitaly , Nikonorov Aleksandr , Akimov Luka
Published: March 2020

The article discusses data on paleosol, mineralogy, and paleobotany obtained as a result of studying material collected from the Maastricht-Early Paleocene sediments of the Tanyurer Formation of South Chukotka. The burial of organic matter in the sedimentary rock of the Tanyurer Formation is associated with deflationary processes during the period of activation of volcanic activity. On the drained volcanic plateau of soil formation, a sod humus-accumulative process prevailed under the steppe vegetation. Humic substance dispersed in sedimentary rock was represented by a group of humins resistant to microbial decomposition. As a result of exposure to high pressures and temperatures, the colloidal form of humus was transformed into kerogen. Organic compounds (cellulose, lignin) in the plant tissue of buried tree trunks were replaced by silicon compounds. Weathering processes have affected the thin surface layer of dense sedimentary rock. Under the influence of the temperature and humidity gradient, loosening of loose rock and disintegration of clots of colloidal forms of humus occurred.
Seismic impacts influence on the slope stability on the example of Abrau Peninsula (Russian sector of black sea coast)
Authors: Kropotkin Mihail
Published: March 2020

Some aspects of seismic impact on the stability of massive seismogravitational solid masses are examined. An example of the slope stability calculation using separate accounting for seismic accelerations in blocks is shown. The influence of the relief on the change in seismic effects is considered. Some aspects of seismic impact on the stability of massive seismogravitational solid masses are examined. An example of the slope stability calculation using separate accounting for seismic accelerations in blocks is shown. The influence of the relief on the change in seismic effects is considered. The comparative impact of longitudinal and transverse seismic waves from the earthquake focuses located in front of the slope foot and behind the slope ridge is evaluated.
Ecological engineering of small urban water bodies
Authors: Suzdaleva Antonina , Hirsch Anna , Kuchkina Maria
Published: March 2020

The ecological and sanitary epidemiological condition of small urban water bodies is an important factor in ensuring safety in urbanized areas of the technosphere. All modern small urban water bodies are naturaltechnical systems that can be uncontrollable or controllable. In managed natural-technical systems, favorable environmental conditions are formed as a result of the operation of special engineering devices and systems called ecological regulators. Their creation and ensuring sustainable existence are the main goal of ecological engineering of small urban water bodiesThe choice of a strategy for the environmental engineering of water bodies should be determined on the basis of a prognostic assessment of the possibility of improving or maintaining its positive functions: videoecological, recreational, biotopical potential, and also cultural, historical or religious significance. In addition, it is necessary to take into account public opinion, which can be changed by disseminating positive information about the goals of the proposed activity (active ecological image-making). The issue of organizing long-term technical maintenance of ecological regulators and monitoring of natural-technical systems of water bodies is being considered. The paper provides a classification of small urban water bodies and a generalized scheme of their ecological engineering. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to decision making and the development of syncretic thinking in this area is substantiated.
The catalytic cracking of the off-spec polyisoprene rubber thermolysis products
Authors: Valiev Airat , Zemskii Dmitrii
Published: March 2020

The catalytic cracking of the off-spec polyisoprene rubber thermolysis products over a mesoporous zeolite has been studied on a laboratory unit with a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of the reaction temperature and the feed space velocity on the feedstock conversion degree and the yield of gas and gasoline has been studied. The data obtained has shown that at rates below 2 h-1, a high gas generation and a low yield of liquid products are observed, while at rates above 3 h-1, the total yield of gas and gasoline decreases. In the course of the work, it has been noted that the reduction in conditional conversion occurs with an increase in the feed rate. The maximum yield of gasoline observed at a feed rate of 3 h-1 and amounted to 35.6 %, gas yield was inversely proportional to the feed rate, and the coke yield changed slightly. With an increase in the feed rate, the content of C3-C4in gas increases. To achieve high conversion or a high gasoline yield, the optimal feed rate should be 2 and 3 h-1, respectively. The products obtained in this process can be used as the motor fuel components.
Waste disposal facilities monitoring based on high-resolution information features of space images
Authors: Kazaryan Maretta , Simonyan Arsen , Simavoryan Simon , Ulitina Elena , Aramyan Rafik
Published: March 2020

In the article there is represented and solved the problem of space images recognition for the presence of solid household and industrial waste without binarization. The methods of stochastic geometry and mathematical analysis are used. In the work there is proposed an algorithm based on a trace transformation using discrete orthogonal transformations (DOT) to minimize the attribute space and carry out studies on correctness by Tikhonov. For the implementation of the algorithm there are used elements of mathematical analysis, wavelet analysis, functional analysis, theory of discrete orthogonal transformations, methods for deciphering space images in the problem of stochastic scanning of space images based on the formation of a triplet attribute with minimization of attribute space using DOT. The development a trace matrices and the selection of informative features by stochastic geometry to find WDF from high-resolution space images are investigated from the point of view of DOT apparatus application. A study of the sustainability task was also performed. The proposed technique was tested using the example of space photographs with a WDF image. Conclusions are drawn on the use of the method proposed in this article for the task of automatic computer generation and selection of informative features for determining waste disposal facilities from high-resolution space images. It is proposed to use the Tikhonov regularization method to introduce stability in this task.
Analysis of the results of state land supervision by solving problems of mathematical statistics
Authors: Sizov Alexander , Chernykh Elena
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between indicators of state land supervision, land use and the receipt of taxes, fees and other payments to budgets of different levels. In this study, when analyzing the results of supervision and control measures in the field of land relations, non-trivial conclusions were obtained. Each detected violation of land legislation is accompanied in the Tyumen region by the registration of the corresponding protocol. A close relationship was found between the number of issued instructions and the number of violations detected (r = 0.87); the number of issued orders is closely correlated with the number of issued protocols (r = 0.87). To a lesser extent, the revealed violations affect the amount of fines imposed (r = 0.63) and the area on which the violations were eliminated (r = 0.52). This suggests that the absolute increase in the number of identified violations does not have the proper impact on their elimination. The average strength of the relationship between the indicators of the amount of fines imposed for violations of land legislation and the area of the reserve land (r = 0.66) is established.
Legal ecological zoning with estimation of complexity of the landscape organization of the protected zones of Russkiy Island
Authors: Borisov Ruslan , Ganzei Kirill
Published: March 2020

We have carried out legal ecological zoning of Russkiy Island. The categories of protected lands have been defined on the island in agreement with a normative legal base. Data processing of remote sensing, the digital models of a relief, and the data of the state registers has allowed us to calculate the areas of protected lands and to obtain a cartographical image of legal ecological zoning of Russkiy Island. Using quantity indicators, data processing of the landscape organization has allowed us to analyze the features of a spatial structure of landscapes, landscape complexity, and a landscape variety of the protected zones of Russkiy Island. For comparison the analysis of the landscapes of the unprotected territory was carried out too. The analysis of complexity of a landscape drawing and a landscape variety implemented in the present work defines the territory of the protected lands as the most difficult and non-uniform one by the landscape organization compared with the unprotected territory of the island. The estimation of the landscape organization of the protected zones of Russkiy Island is an important component part of the further studies directed to the formation of the balanced system of control by the island nature-economic system.
Structural modeling of a forest cluster using discrete mathematics
Authors: Sushko Olga , Shilovskay Nadezhda , Plastinin Alexander , Shirshov Evgeny
Published: March 2020

Economic modeling allows studying the development trends of clusters and planning the introduction of control actions in this socio-economic system to achieve the necessary stabilization and development trends. The cluster can be described as a set of information about its elements and the relationships between them and can be represented as a graph, where the vertices are the agents, and the directed edges are connections between them. Cluster structural formations can be considered as social graphs containing information about heterogeneous factors and the relations between them. Complex structural modeling of the forest cluster allows creating a formal representation of the tasks of identifying the objects (socio-economic systems), analyzing their complexity, coherence, stability, and development scenarios. To do this, we applied the apparatus of discrete mathematics. Signed graphs make it possible to formally make forecasts of the development or trajectory of the simulated system in the phase space of its variables (factors) based on information about its structure and development programs by means of approximating them with pieces of trajectories of impulse processes in signed digraphs. Modeling with the help of the graph theory makes it possible to remove uncertainty associated with predicting the development of a complex system and to propose the option of controlling a stochastic process.
Ecological problems of modern central Kazakhstan: challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Alimbaev Тurgai , Mazhitova Zhanna , Omarova Bibizhamal , Kamzayev Bekzhan , Atanakova Kuralai
Published: March 2020

This article discusses issues related to the environmental problems in various sectors of the Central Kazakhstan’s economy at the present stage. It is emphasized that the level of environmental pollution is increasing along with industrial progress in coal, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, engineering, and the growth of the transport highways network and numerous communications. The authors of the article give examples of how the transition to market mechanisms of economic development generated, on the one hand, the growth of the republic’s powerful economic potential. On the other hand, the increase in industrial production with energy and resource-intensive production has led to a real threat of an environmental crisis in the region. It is concluded that the solution of the environmental problem is possible by preserving and restoring natural systems, a complete social transition to sustainable development by practical implementation of the environmental concept, including natural-resource, techno-economic, demographic and sociocultural aspects. According to the authors, these measures will contribute to the way out of the current environmental crisis, a radical improvement of the environment, will be the key to preserving the ecology of space. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of scientific objectivity, which allowed to analyze the subject under study taking into account the realities of economic changes in the industry.
Post-non-classical science in the age of informatization of society: functional aspect
Authors: Drotianko Liubov , Abysova Mariia , Chenbai Nataliia , Shorina Tetiana
Published: March 2020

The article researches the transformation of the science functions in the process of changing the scientific rationality type in the conditions of the information society formation. The relevance of the research topic is stipulated by the need for scientific analysis and philosophical understanding of the large-scale changes occurring in modern science under the influence of informatization processes. The theoretical basis of the study are the general philosophical principles - the principles of systematicity, comprehensiveness, concreteness of the study, as well as such socio-philosophical methods as specifically historical, historical-retrospective, comparative-historical method, the method of unity of historical and logical in social cognition. Comparative analysis, interdisciplinary synthesis and other techniques of general scientific methodology are also used. The influence of socio-cultural conditions on the functional transformations of post-non-classical science is substantiated. The basic tendencies of functional transformation of science are revealed: transition to development of complex scientific programs; the convergence of research programs with high-tech manufacturing practices, the integration of computer technologies with methodological tools; the commensuration of subject lines of scientific knowledge with the conditions of formation of socially-human complexes; the coordination of rational-cognitive ethos of science with cultural universals; the extension of the intra-scientific reflection field and the formation of extra-scientific reflection forms.
Economic regulators of nature management of countries and regions of the Economic corridor
Authors: Ayusheeva Svetlana , Mikheeva Anna
Published: March 2020

The article actualizes scientific and practical approaches to the use of economic tools of nature management of countries and regions of the Economic Corridor. The features of economic regulation of environmental protection in Mongolia, the effect of some nature management tools in Russia and China are shown. An environmental and economic assessment of damage from anthropogenic activities, compensation payments and environmental protection investments of countries and regions is given. Positive dynamics are revealed, allowing to compensate for the amount of economic damage due to environmental pollution. Negative tendencies are identified that show a significant excess of economic damage from air pollution over pollution charges.
Ensuring economic security of the enterprise in anti-crisis conditions
Authors: Zigunova Anna , Shevkunov Nikolay , Logvinova Irina , Kislov Iliya , Shevchenko Vitaliy
Published: March 2020

The article presents the author’s approach to the essence of the process of ensuring economic security of an economic entity in the conditions of anti-crisis management. The authors analyze the main directions in the field of economic security, including the development and implementation of a system of economic, legal and organizational measures aimed at minimizing the level of influence on the formation of financial, material, information and human resources of external and internal threats in anti-crisis conditions. Anti-crisis management in such circumstances is the main tool for ensuring economic security and focuses on minimizing or eliminating risks and threats through the use of current methods and techniques, as well as modern management capabilities that allow developing priority activities of socially and economically promising economic entities.
Study of periodic processes of changing the number of innovations in relation to Kondratiev cycles
Authors: Diakonova Sofia , Artyshchenko Stepan , Sysoeva Daria , Surovtsev Igor
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we propose a Supplement to the theory of the emergence of innovations in long Kondratiev cycles. The regularities of the emergence of crisis phenomena and the contribution of J. Schumpeter to the development of the innovative economy are considered. A comparative analysis of Marketing strategies is carried out. Schumpeter and N. D. Kondratiev, identified distinctive factors and common combinations. The stages of long wave cycles over several decades are analyzed. The analysis revealed innovative peaks that occur in the middle of the depression phase, followed by stages of economic activity growth after a certain period of time. The authors studied the theory of the trigger effect of depression, similar to the trigger action, which results in an avalanche of innovation growth. To confirm the theory of the existence of the “trigger effect of depression”, statistical data on the number of patents and applications filed in Russia and the United States for several decades, which are indicators of innovation activity, are presented. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of describing the periodic change in the number of innovations over time using “parametric resonance” models and the Mathieu equation.