bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Electromyogram Analysis of Postural Musculature With Three-dimensional Screen Display Versus Operating Microscope in Ophthalmic Surgery: A Clinical Methods Study
Authors: Hura Arjan S. , Mizrahi Moshe A. , Eluvathingal Charu D. , Quinlan John G. , Neel Robert W. , Riemann Christopher D.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective

To objectively analyze the effect of three-dimensional screen-based surgery (3D SBS) versus traditional operating microscope (TOM) on operating surgeon posterior chain postural musculature during ophthalmic surgery. We hypothesized an increase in median amplitude of electromyography (EMG) signals when using a TOM compared to 3D SBS. The goal was to assess surgical ergonomics that may contribute to cervical and lumbar spine pathology. EMG analysis was conducted at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. Data were collected in the private practice setting at Cincinnati Eye Institute.

Materials and Methods

This was an institutional review board exempt, nonrandomized, prospective, single center,
n
= 1 clinical methods study. EMG surface electrodes were affixed to the bilateral splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, and quadratus lumborum musculature. EMG data were collected across four sessions consisting of one day each using 3D SBS or a TOM, and two cross-over days. A survey regarding surgeon comfort was administered before, during, and after each surgery, and at the end of each day.

Results

EMG cross-over data demonstrated an increase in muscle activation in all measured muscles except the anterior deltoids and right quadratus lumborum with use of a TOM. Survey data showed increased fatigue when using a TOM relative to 3D SBS.

Conclusion

EMG demonstrated increased postural muscle activation when utilizing TOM relative to 3D SBS. Similar to previous studies, our survey data suggest inferior ergonomics of TOM relative to 3D SBS.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:628–636.]
Relationship Between Janus Kinase Inhibitor Use and Development of Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Chalasani Meghana , Markle Jonathan C. , Shukla Priya , Hajj-Ali Rula A. , Talcott Katherine E. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective

Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors may have increased risk of thromboembolism compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. This study investigates the association between Jak inhibitor use and retinal vein occlusion.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective, non-randomized cohort study used a federated health research network. Propensity-score matched risk ratios with 95% CI were calculated for central and branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO, BRVO) in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) treated with Jak inhibitors versus TNF inhibitors.

Results

Jak and TNF inhibitor cohorts each had 5,249 patients. Risk ratio for CRVO with Jak inhibitors (
n
= 11) versus TNF inhibitors (
n
= 18) was 0.61 [CI (0.29,1.29)]. Risk ratio for BRVO with Jak inhibitors (
n
= 17) compared to TNF inhibitors (
n
= 19) was 0.89 [CI (0.47,1.72)].

Conclusion

This study did not find evidence of increased risk of RVO with the use of Jak inhibitors compared to TNF inhibitors among patients with IMIDs, contributing to literature on Jak inhibitor safety.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2025;56:72–78.]
Implementation of Educational Technology Based on Gamification in Interactive Monopoly Games in the 4.0 Era
Authors: Boedy Irhadtanto  , Ima Isnaini Taufiqur Rohmah  , Junarti  , Cuhanazriansyah Muhammad Rinov , Cahyaningrum Yuniana
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in technology and information have profoundly influenced the realm of education, prompting a transformation in the learning process. This shift has become imperative due to the impact of the pandemic a few years ago, which necessitated the utilization of online technology for education. Given this situation, the conventional, monotonous learning approach now requires diversification to cater to various learning preferences. This evolution aligns with the need to tailor learning methods to students’ current interests and hobbies. Consequently, the adoption of educational technology based on gamification in the era of Industry 4.0 emerges as a solution to address these educational demands. There are several strategies to implement gamification effectively, aimed at fostering students’ enthusiasm for learning. In essence, Industry 4.0 has ushered in profound changes across all sectors by optimizing resources and production costs. The research method employed here is gamification, which revolves around the concept of game-based learning. The outcome of this research is an interactive monopoly game designed for integration into the learning process.
Application of Mobile Technology in Enterprise Management: From Mobile Office to Intelligent Decision Support
Authors: Fan Yang
Published: September 2024

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the application of mobile technology in enterprise management has become increasingly widespread. From mobile office solutions to intelligent decision support systems, the proliferation of mobile technology has not only enhanced operational efficiency but also provided more flexible and convenient management methods. Existing research indicates that the adoption of mobile office solutions enables enterprises to overcome limitations of time and space, improving work efficiency and employee satisfaction. Additionally, the implementation of intelligent decision support systems allows enterprises to make faster and more accurate business decisions. However, current studies often focus on individual mobile technologies or application scenarios, lacking a systematic exploration of mobile office data sharing and intelligent decision-making collaboration. Moreover, most research overlooks privacy protection issues in the enterprise management decision-making process. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a scheme for mobile office data sharing and intelligent decision-making collaboration and examines the integration of privacy protection in the decision-making process. The findings not only enrich the theoretical framework of management studies but also provide enterprises with a systematic and practical solution for mobile technology applications, enhancing management efficiency and intelligence while effectively safeguarding data privacy and security.
Establishing Your Strategy
Authors: Holmes Sarah , Sinclair Vicky
Published: September 2024

Informed by our professional experience and empirical research in the UK, we highlight principles and approaches which could be integrated into the development of strategies of primary schools seeking to support children's mental health and wellbeing. We consider the challenges and opportunities of implementing research-informed approaches in schools, and the balance between maintaining individuality and context specific support in each school, whilst collaborating with other schools to share resources, training opportunities and expertise. Our research findings revealed the need for bespoke and context-specific strategies, rather than using externally produced frameworks or curricula. However, the staff interviews also showed the value of groups of schools working together to support and equip one another in shaping their vision and ethos. Approaches which were implemented holistically across the school were more effective and valuable, and communication across the whole staff body further supported the implementation and effectiveness within the whole school community.
Overcome Mental Health Challenges in Educational Settings
Authors: Efstratopoulou Maria , Habeeb Hawraa , Abdulla Jehan Osama , Shen Dingfei
Published: September 2024

This chapter will not only delve into the rising interest in mental health among children and adolescents but also provide a comprehensive examination of school-based mental health programs and interventions, providing practical guidance for stakeholders.The aim is to assess their effectiveness in supporting students facing mental health challenges. Importantly, this chapter will offer practical strategies and evidence-based solutions that are readily applicable in helping school districts implement effective mental health interventions tailored to the diverse needs of students. By targeting prevalent challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and others, school communities can advocate for the well-being and safety of their students. Educators, mental health practitioners, and policymakers can benefit from understanding the most effective programs and areas for improvement in current interventions. Ultimately, this discussion will contribute to enhancing the efficacy and future implementation of school-based mental health interventions
Caring for Mental Health of Vulnerable Minds
Authors: Argyriadi Agathi , Argyriadis Alexandros , Efstratopoulou Maria
Published: September 2024

Recent trends in educational research underscore the significance of cultivating mental flow to enhance well-being, especially for health-vulnerable individuals. Scholars have delved into the nuances of creating conducive learning environments that cater to the unique needs of students facing health vulnerabilities. Adopting a systematic review approach, this chapter synthesizes findings from diverse studies published over the past decade. The examination of empirical research, intervention strategies, and case studies aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which mental flow can be nurtured to support the well-being of health-vulnerable students in educational settings. The synthesis of literature highlights the positive impact of tailored learning experiences on the mental flow and overall well-being of health-vulnerable students. From inclusive teaching practices to adaptive curriculum design, the findings emphasize the importance of creating environments that prioritize the unique needs of these individuals.
Aurora: protótipo de aprendizagem no Ensino de Física integrando mapas conceituais e Tecnologia Computacional
Authors: Santos Antônio Vanderlei dos , Mentges Estela Muenchen , Stracke Marcelo Paulo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo discute o desenvolvimento de um protótipo para um objeto de aprendizagem em Física Moderna baseado em Mapas Conceituais. O objetivo é integrar a tecnologia computacional e a aprendizagem significativa no ensino de Física. O artigo também explora o uso de Mapas Conceituais na educação em Física e apresenta a estrutura e as telas do software protótipo. Além disso, destaca a falta de uso de tecnologia computacional e Mapas Conceituais no Ensino de Física nas escolas pesquisadas. A pesquisa revela que o uso de Mapas Conceituais na Física, em conjunto com o laboratório de informática, é pouco conhecido pelos professores e na área de desenvolvimento de software. No entanto, os professores demonstraram interesse na área e no protótipo desenvolvido. A análise do software sugere a utilização de uma linguagem orientada a objetos para permitir o reuso de código e a migração para o uso online. A avaliação do desempenho do aluno ao criar um Mapa Conceitual é subjetiva, mas é possível compará-lo com um Mapa Padrão aceito pela comunidade científica. O artigo também faz referência a diversas fontes, como propostas pedagógicas para o Ensino Médio Politécnico e Educação Profissional, literatura sobre Física com Arduíno para iniciantes, criação de objetos de aprendizagem em software livre, dificuldades dos alunos do Ensino Médio com a Física e os Físicos, sistema de realidade virtual para simulação e visualização de cargas pontuais discretas e seu campo elétrico, entre outros.
Adverse Event Management Tool for Hospitals: A Game-Changer for Patient Safety
Authors: Valle Reyna , Cribas Gabriela , Ramírez Ana Laura
Published: September 2024

As medical technology continues to advance, concerns about associated risks to both patients and healthcare providers arise. Ensuring high-quality healthcare delivery stands as a paramount objective for every healthcare institution. Among the essential attributes required to meet this goal is the safety of all stakeholders. Nevertheless, numerous instances arise wherein unintended incidents occur involving healthcare personnel during the delivery of patient care. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach incorporating interviews, observations, and statistical analysis to investigate the occurrence of adverse events related to medical equipment in hospitals. The findings reveal that, despite 84% of surveyed nursing personnel indicating no experience with adverse events caused by medical equipment, factors such as inadequate preventive maintenance, lack of training, budget constraints, and staff shortages support the need for the development of patient safety support tools, as all the aforementioned factors increase the likelihood of unintentional errors during patient care. Based on these findings, a tailored reporting tool was developed to streamline the documentation of equipment failures and adverse events within hospitals. Designed based on identified needs and characteristics, this tool aims to facilitate timely notification of critical events, especially those with the potential to impact patient safety.
Assessing the Reliability of OpenCap and OpenSim as Open Source Softwares for Biomechanical Analysis in Neurological Rehabilitation: A Case Study
Authors: Mejia Bronfield Arlin , Reyes Leiva Karla Miriam
Published: September 2024

The neurological rehabilitation focuses on enhancing functional recovery and improving the quality of life for people who have experienced injuries or diseases affecting the central or peripheral nervous system. This functional recovery includes a follow up of the kinematics of the patients limbs. The use of a open source software such as OpenSim, has been previously proposed as a tool for kinematic analysis, this software allows for highly specialized 3D musculoskeletal modeling, facilitates kinematic analysis and the assessment of force and angles in the lower and upper limbs of the human body. In this context, the propose of this research was to test the reliability of OpenSim for kinematic analysis during neurological rehabilitation. For this goal, the Motricity Index test was done by a group of three healthy participants, this values were used for comparison to the stroke patient who is currently undergoing neurological rehabilitation process. The results demonstrates all the limitations in the range of motion of the patient in comparison to the healthy group due his motor issues, such as muscle spasticity and weakness. This research shows the advantages and limitations of this software and its application in neurological rehabilitation. The goal is to contribute to the development of effective and personalized therapeutic strategies to improve the recovery process for these patients.
Clinical Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant and Rifampicin-Monoresistant Tuberculosis in Korea, 2018–2021: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Min Jinsoo , Ko Yousang , Kim Hyung Woo , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung , Oh Jee Youn , Jeon Doosoo , Lee Taehoon , Kim Young-Chul , Lim Sung Chul , Lee Sung Soon , Park Jae Seuk , Kim Ju Sang
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant/ rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in the Republic of Korea.Methods: Data of notified people with tuberculosis between July 2018 and December 2021 were retrieved from the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort database. MDR/RR-TB was further categorized according to isoniazid susceptibility as follows: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis (RMR-TB), and RR-TB if susceptibility to isoniazid was unknown. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with MDR/RR-TB.Results: Between 2018 and 2021, the proportion of MDR/RR-TB cases among all TB cases and TB cases with known drug susceptibility test results was 2.1% (502/24,447). The proportions of MDR/RR-TB and MDR-TB cases among TB cases with known drug susceptibility test results were 3.3% (502/15,071) and 1.9% (292/15,071), respectively. Among all cases of rifampicin resistance, 31.7% (159/502) were RMR-TB and 10.2% (51/502) were RR-TB. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that younger age, foreigners, and prior tuberculosis history were significantly associated with MDR/ RR-TB.Conclusion: Rapid identification of rifampicin resistance targeting the high-risk populations, such as younger generations, foreign-born individuals, and previously treated patients are necessary for patient-centered care.
Diagnostic Accuracy of BD MAX MDR-TB Assay Performed on Bronchoscopy Specimens in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ko Sung Jun , Yoon Kui Hyun
Published: September 2024

Background: Several novel molecular platforms using nucleic acid amplification tests have been developed for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and rapid detection of isoniazid and rifampin resistance. Among them, the BD MAX MDR-TB assay (BD MAX) has shown high sensitivity and specificity; however, its diagnostic accuracy performed on bronchoscopy specimens has not been reported.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with suspected PTB who underwent bronchoscopy. Patients who underwent BD MAX testing of bronchoscopy specimens were included in the final analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for PTB diagnosis were calculated using a positive culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the reference standard.Results: Of 114 patients, 34 had culture-confirmed PTB. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BD MAX performed on bronchoscopy specimens for the diagnosis of PTB were 79.4%, 88.8%, 75.0%, and 91.0%, respectively. The sensitivity of BD MAX was superior to that of acid-fast bacillus smear (79.4% vs. 38.2%, p<0.001).Conclusion: BD MAX performed on bronchoscopy specimens showed high accuracy for diagnosing PTB. BD MAX can be performed on bronchoscopy specimens in patients with suspected PTB.
Aerodynamic investigation of a helicopter rotor hovering in the vicinity of a building
Authors:   ONERA - the French Aerospace Lab, Boisard Ronan
Published: September 2024

At the end of 2014, the Group for Aeronautical Research and Technology in EURope (GARTEUR) launched an action group (named AG22) in order to address both experimentally and numerically the issue of rotor wake interacting with obstacles. Within this group, several different experiments were set up and the results were provided to all the partners in order to compare and improve their numerical methods aimed at capturing interaction effects. In the present paper, we numerically investigate the experimental database provided by Politecnico di Milano (Polimi). A low fidelity method based on free wake approach and also CFD computations with different level of modeling are compared to experimental data. It shows that free wake approach is perfectly suitable to predict interaction effects on the rotor loads as long as there is no wake re-ingestion by the rotor. In other cases, the use of CFD is mandatory. However, computational cost can greatly be reduced using some approximation (no fuselage, immersed boundary method approach for the building, wall slip boundary condition on the ground) without significant loss in the rotor loads accuracy. Moreover, such approximation still gives acceptable results with regards to the effects of the rotor wake on the building itself and across the flowfield.
Comparison of the Effect of Auriculotherapy, a Herbal Compound (Aslagh Capsule), and Metformin on the Clinical Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghanbarian Razieh , Valiani Mahboubeh , Allameh Zahra , Ranjbar Maryam , Mazaheri Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of child-bearing age, with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 6 to 20%. Considering the potential side effects of chemical medications and the need for long-term drug administration, complementary treatments such as acupuncture, auriculotherapy, and herbal medicine have been considered. Hence, this study was designed to compare the effects of auriculotherapy, a herbal component (Aslagh capsule), and metformin on the clinical symptoms of PCOS.

Materials and Methods:

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial study, which allocated 24 women, aged 18–43 years old, with oligomenorrhea in PCOs, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to three groups.

Result:

A decreasing pattern in the duration of the menstrual cycle was observed in all three groups, but this was significant only in the auriculotherapy group. There were no significant differences between the three groups in acne and hirsutism scores. However, there was a significant reduction in excess hair growth and density of hair in the auriculotherapy group compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). Besides, in the auriculotherapy group, the reduction in thickness of excess hair at the end of the second and third months of treatment were marginally significant compared to the two other groups.

Conclusions:

Auriculotherapy and Aslagh capsule can be effective in reducing PCOS symptoms, similar to metformin. However, auriculotherapy is more effective than the other treatments in reducing the duration of the menstrual cycle, excess hair growth, and hair density.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Early Clinical Manifestations and Changes in Biochemical, Inflammatory, and Coagulation Parameters and the Prognosis of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU
Authors: Ebrahim Babai Mahtab , Kabiri Azita , Movahedi Minoo , Ghahiri Ataollah , Hajhashemi Maryam , Dehghan Maryam
Published: September 2024

Background:

In the SARSCov2 virus epidemic, pregnant women are more susceptible to infectious diseases due to changes in biochemical parameters and are at higher risk of severe respiratory disease and pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical, inflammatory and coagulation parameters in pregnant women with severe disease conditions (as one of the high-risk groups) as well as prognosis and outcome.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 135 pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to ICU. Demographic and clinical information and laboratory parameters of the patients were evaluated and recorded at the time of admission and in the next follow-up until discharge or death in addition to the outcome and also the pregnancy outcome.

Results:

The mortality rate of pregnant women with COVID-19 was 9.6%. The mortality rate decreases with increasing Hb (OR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.47-0.99); P value = 0.043) and lymphocytes (OR (95% CI): 0.92 (0.85-0.96); P value = 0.028) and will increase significantly with increasing PT (OR (95% CI): 1.24 (1.01-1.51); P value = 0.037), INR (OR (95% CI): 1.89 (1.26-2.25); P value = 0.004), D-dimer (OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.10-2.08); P value = 0.027), and LDH (OR (95% CI): 1.20 (1.01-1.61); P value = 0.010).

Conclusion:

According to the results of the present study, inflammatory factors such as leukocytes, neutrophils, NLR, CRP have an increasing and lymphocytes have a decreasing trend, so that lymphocytopenia is more common in non-survivors. In addition, increase of PT, INR, D-dimer and LDH and decrease of Hb were significantly associated with increased chance of mortality. But fibrinogen, ferritin, ALT and AST were not significantly associated with mortality in these women.
The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sadeghi Masoumeh , Momeni Ali , Mirsaeidi Fatemeh S. , Jamalian Marjan , Amirpour Afshin , Hadavi Mohammad M. , Tavassoli Parsa , Taheri Marzieh , Azizi Elham , Rouhani Sina , Roohafza Hamid
Published: September 2024

Background:

Atherosclerosis is the main process in coronary artery stenosis, which is exacerbated by vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency treatment, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Materials and Methods:

This is a double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving 44 IHD patients with hypovitaminosis, aged 40–65 years, who were referred to Chamran Specialty Heart Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: The intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D3 for 5 weeks, while the placebo group received a control substance. CRP and serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were assessed before and after the intervention. Trial registration number: IRCT20200905048622N1.

Results:

The mean age of the IHD patients was 57.84 ± 9.66 years, and among all 44 patients, 40 patients (91%) were male In the intervention group receiving vitamin D3, serum levels of HDL (P = 0.048) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (P < 0.001) increased, while serum level of TG (P = 0.008) decreased significantly. In the placebo group, HDL level (P = 0.007) was increased and alanine transaminase (ALT) (P = 0.05) was significantly decreased. The results showed that the correlation between serum 25(OH)D treatment and CRP level was not significant.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D supplementation in IHD patients led to notable improvements in lipid profiles, including increased HDL-C levels and decreased TG levels. These findings hold potential clinical implications for healthcare professionals in managing risk factors in IHD patients.
Exploring the clinical implications of novel SRD5A2 variants in 46,XY disorders of sex development
Authors: Mao Yu , Huang Jian-Mei , Chen-Zhang Yu-Wei , Lin He , Zhang Yu-Huan , Jiang Ji-Yang , Wu Xue-Mei , Liao Ling , Tang Yun-Man , Yang Ji-Yun
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted retrospectively on a cohort of 68 patients with steroid 5 α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) deficiency and 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Whole-exon sequencing revealed 28 variants of SRD5A2, and further analysis identified seven novel mutants. The preponderance of variants was observed in exon 1 and exon 4, specifically within the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-binding region. Among the entire cohort, 53 patients underwent initial surgery at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (Chengdu, China). The external genitalia scores (EGS) of these participants varied from 2.0 to 11.0, with a mean of 6.8 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 2.5). Thirty patients consented to hormone testing. Their average testosterone-to-dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) ratio was 49.3 (s.d.: 23.4). Genetic testing identified four patients with EGS scores between 6 and 9 as having this syndrome; and their T/DHT ratios were below the diagnostic threshold. Furthermore, assessments conducted using the crystal structure of human SRD5A2 have provided insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of these novel variants. These mechanisms include interference with NADPH binding (c.356G>C, c.365A>G, c.492C>G, and c.662T>G) and destabilization of the protein structure (c.727C>T). The c.446-1G>T and c.380delG variants were verified to result in large alterations in the transcripts. Seven novel variations were identified, and the variant database for the SRD5A2 gene was expanded. These findings contribute to the progress of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for individuals with SRD5A2 deficiency.
Retrograde Progression of Inner Preputial Skin to Overcome Skin Shortage in Cases of Congenital Buried Penis
Authors: Singh Chandra Shekhar , Kunnur Vijayamahantesh S , Shantala G. , Kumar S. K. Anil
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study is to report our experience in the treatment of congenital buried penis using a simplified technique of retrograde progression of inner preputial skin for reconstruction and overcome skin shortage.

Methods:

This is a retrospective multi-institutional study conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, I Q City Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, and the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi Super Specialty Hospital/Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India, over a period of 3 years (from March 2019 to February 2022). A total of 14 cases of primary congenital buried penis were operated in the specified period. Age of the patients ranged between 8 months and 9 years. Retrograde progression of the inner preputial skin to provide coverage to the dorsal aspect of penile shaft and ventral transposition of the dorsal penile skin to cover the ventral penile shaft was used as a standard procedure for skin coverage.

Results:

All patients had good-to-excellent outcomes with uniformly improved visualisation of penile shaft post-operatively. There were no significant post-operative complications apart from mild oedema which subsided over a period of 3 weeks. Genital hygiene had significantly improved in all the patients as a result of uninterrupted urinary stream.

Conclusion:

Retrograde progression of the inner preputial skin may be used as an effective technique to provide skin coverage to the penile shaft for reconstruction of congenital buried penis. It provides good functional and cosmetic results with adequate parental and patient satisfaction with minimal complications.
Phenotypic differences in clinical manifestations of generalized pustular psoriasis and severe plaque psoriasis in tropical Taiwan
Authors: Chao Yin-Cheng , Lee Chih-Hung
Published: September 2024

Background:

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is an uncommon variant of psoriasis. Clinical characteristics of GPP are limited due to its relatively low prevalence worldwide. Thus, the region-specific phenotypic differences between GPP and severe plaque psoriasis (SPP) remained not fully clarified.

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the gender distribution, disease onset, clinical features, medical comorbidities, associated symptoms, laboratory findings, and potential precipitating factors of GPP and SPP in a single center in tropical Taiwan.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted for GPP and SPP in a tertiary medical center from 2003 to 2023. The GPP Area and Severity Index (GPPASI) and GPP Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) score were used to measure the severity of GPP.

Results:

A total of 26 patients with GPP (mean age: 48.2 years) and 50 patients with SPP (defined as psoriasis area and severity index over 20 and undergoing biological agents more than 1 year, mean age: 41.3 years) were included in this study. Forty-six percentage of the GPP patients had a preceding history of psoriasis. While there was no gender or age predominance, patients with GPP tended to develop fever, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infection, leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, scalp involvement, be hospitalized and for a long time, along with allergy history of medications (diclofenac, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone), as compared to those with SPP. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections were less prevalent in GPP patients (with 15.4% and 3.8%, compared to 30.0% and 8.0% in SPP, respectively, although not statistically significant). The highest GPPASI and GPPGA scores occurred in young patients of GPP, but they are not associated with diseases of hypertension, hyperglycemia, or hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion:

Patients with GPP in Taiwan tended to have a higher hospitalization rate and longer mean hospitalization time along with increased occurrence of fever, leukocytosis, elevated CRP levels, and drug allergy. The younger patients of GPP tended to have higher GPPASI and GPPGA scores than the elder ones.
Management of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus through Ayurveda: A case study
Authors: Mahto Rajaram , Sandrepogu Jonah , Bhatted Santoshkumar , Bansal Kartar Singh , Soni Hemlata , Tiwari Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2024

Obesity-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern marked by insulin resistance and elevated blood sugar levels. Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and obesity exacerbate the risk, necessitating weight management and healthy living. Ayurveda, viewing the condition as “Madhumeha,” attributes it to imbalanced Doshas (~regulatory functional factors of the body) and toxin (~Ama) accumulation, prescribing dietary changes, herbal remedies, and lifestyle adjustments for balance restoration. A 53-year-old female presented with Prabhuta mutrata (~excessive urination), Sthaulya (~obesity), and Sharira balakshaya (~diminished physical strength) indicative of Madhumeha, managed with the Ayurveda management protocol comprising Virechana karma (~therapeutic purgative therapy) followed by Shamana chikitsa (~palliative management) including Phalatrikadi ghanavati and Vidangadi lauha. After a duration of three months of management, the initial fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin were reduced. This case underscores the possible potential of Ayurveda management of diabetes, offering holistic approaches for improved outcomes.
Exploring the Limits of Rescue Cerclage by Preoperative Sonography: Imaging Contribution and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Cheng I-Ning , Wu Meng-Hsing , Kang Lin
Published: September 2024

Cervical insufficiency poses risks for premature birth and neonatal outcomes. Preoperative sonography aids in the diagnosis and therapeutic considerations. Cervical cerclage is effective but carries risks. In our case series, 8 cases failed to complete emergent cerclage, leading to adverse outcomes. Analysis of preoperative images revealed thicker cervixes and cervical strictures may affect the surgical outcomes. Larger studies are needed to determine the reliable cutoff values. Preoperative assessment is crucial to inform treatment decisions.
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound as a Method of Splenic Injury Assessment
Authors: Giordano Ugo , Kobialka Jakub , Bystron Joanna , Dziekiewicz Anna , Pilch Justyna , Matuszewska Karolina , Bystroń Adrian
Published: September 2024

Splenic injuries are common in abdominal trauma, as the spleen is one of the most often harmed organs. The treatment of splenic injuries underwent major changes during the past decades, shifting from a surgical approach to nonoperative management. This change of the proceedings results from a constantly growing awareness of the spleen’s crucial hematological and immunological function and was possible owing to the advances in radiological techniques. In a setting of high-energy trauma in hemodynamically stable patients, computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard. Where ultrasonography (US) is of major importance is in cases of unstable patients undergone high-energy trauma or in patients after low-energy trauma. Nevertheless, baseline US’s sensitivity is not sufficient to detect splenic traumatic injuries; hence, a new method was developed involving ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), called contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In a low-energy trauma setting, it facilitates the diagnosis of abdominal lesions with a sensitivity close to that of CT, without the disadvantages of the latter. In addition, CEUS can be used in the follow-up of abdominal traumatic injuries. The fact that CEUS preserves CT’s sensitivity while not carrying the risk of radiation-induced cancer makes it feasible for children and pregnant women. This review aims to discuss the technical aspects of CEUS, the limitations, and possibilities regarding this modality, present the appearance of both a healthy and injured spleen, and compare CEUS’s effectiveness to that of CT through an analysis of retrievable studies.
Point-of-care Ultrasound: A Window into the Diagnosis of Atrial Myxoma in Stroke-like Patient
Authors: Chin Wei Ven , Khaw Mae Jane
Published: September 2024

Cardiac myxoma, the most common primary cardiac tumor, is indeed rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.03% in the general population. Despite its rarity, it can lead to severe complications such as intracardiac obstruction, emboli, and constitutional symptoms. Surgical excision of myxomas is associated with excellent outcomes and low rate of recurrence. Herein, we will report a case where the lesion was discovered early by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), allowing for the quickest possible prompt intervention. A 45-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of dizziness, right-sided body weakness, and facial asymmetry, which led to a motorbike fall. POCUS performed noted mass-like lesions measuring 7 cm by 6 cm, moving freely in the left atrium and prolapsing through the mitral valve during each cardiac cycle. The lesion appears to originate from the septal rather than the atrial appendage, which gives rise to a higher suspicion toward the left atrial myxoma than the left atrial thrombus. Besides, there are areas of liquefaction seen within the mass. He underwent a sternotomy and excision of the left atrial myxoma within the same hospitalization. Histopathology examination of the excised lesion confirmed the diagnosis of atrial myxoma. Early detection and surgical intervention result in a favorable prognosis. Upon discharge, he was stable, ambulating independently with minimal residual facial asymmetry.
Empowering the NSC-34 cell line as a motor neuron model: cytosine arabinoside's action
Authors: Vitale Giuseppe , Amadio Susanna , Liguori Francesco , Volonté Cinzia
Published: September 2024

The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble differentiated neurons; however, they do not exhibit extensive and time-prolonged neuritogenesis, and maintain their duplication capacity in culture. The aim of the present work was to facilitate long-term and more homogeneous neuronal differentiation in motor neuron–like NSC-34 cells. We found that the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside promoted robust and persistent neuronal differentiation in the entire cell population. Long and interconnecting neuronal processes with abundant growth cones were homogeneously induced and were durable for up to at least 6 weeks in culture. Moreover, cytosine arabinoside was permissive, dispensable, and mostly irreversible in priming NSC-34 cells for neurite initiation and regeneration after mechanical dislodgement. Finally, the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 was inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, whereas the expression levels of neuronal growth associated protein 43, vimentin, and motor neuron–specific p75, Islet2, homeobox 9 markers were upregulated, as confirmed by western blot and/or confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these findings support the use of NSC-34 cells as a motor neuron model for properly investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and prospectively identifying neuroprotective strategies.
Corneal topography findings among patients with thyroid dysfunction
Authors: Ahmed Marwa A.S. , Said Amr
Published: September 2024

Background

Hormonal dysregulation impacts the metabolism of the cornea and could be linked to keratoconus. Previous research has suggested an association between keratoconus and autoimmune thyroid disorders.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the topographic corneal changes in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 200 patients with thyroid dysfunction attending the Endocrinology Clinic at the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The corneal topography of patients was examined with TMS. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine were measured.

Results

Two hundred patients with thyroid dysfunction were enrolled in the study. Of them, 129 were hypothyroid patients and 71 were hyperthyroid patients. The study included 137 females and 63 males with a mean age of 32.4 ± 8.2 years. Corneal keratometry readings, including K1, K2, and K max readings, were measured. The mean value of K1 was 45.86 ± 4.69 D, mean K2 was 47.89 ± 5.08 D and the mean corneal thickness was 475 ± 0.36 µm, no relation was found between any of these parameters and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, or free thyroxine levels.

Conclusion

In our study, more topographic changes in favor of a thin cornea and steep cornea rather than a true keratoconus were detected in patients with thyroid dysfunction, making cautious analysis of corneal topography important, especially before refractive surgery.
Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in liver regeneration: Insights and future directions
Authors: Jin Yu-Xin , Hu Hang-Qi , Zhang Jia-Cheng , Xin Xi-Yan , Zhu Yu-Tian , Ye Yang , Li Dong
Published: September 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a prevalent source for stem cell therapy and play a crucial role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells and involves immune system activation, leading to histological changes, tissue damage, and clinical symptoms. A recent publication by Jiang et al , highlighted the potential of MSCs to mitigate in NAFLD progression by targeting various molecular pathways, including glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. In this editorial, we comment on their research and discuss the efficacy of MSC therapy in treating NAFLD.
Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPS) by Piper longum fruit extract
Authors: Mahal Ahmed , Mahal Ehab , Al-Mutlaq Shaymaa , H. Daham Abdulrahman , Z.  Sadiq Jafar , S. Zinad Dhafer , Faris Alotaibi Hadil , K. Mohapatra Ranjan
Published: September 2024

Many applications of green synthesis in the field of environment and biomedicine aiming at decreasing the use of toxic chemicals through utilizing of plants which are safe. In this study, at 0.1 M concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), CuNPs were prepared and identified by changing the blue color into green color (ethanolic extract) and from blue color to black color (water extract) and the spectrophotometric detection of ultraviolet and infrared spectra. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was utilized to confirm the crystal structure of CuNPs. The morphology and size of the CuNPs was measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used for identification of the elemental composition of CuNPs involving copper and oxygen. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to confirm the shape of prepared copper nanoparticles. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested using two methods including desk diffusion assay considering zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six types of certain bacterial types (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis). The results showed potent inhibitory activity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and water extract (Ext. 2) against all bacterial strains.
KEY WORDS: Copper nanoparticles, Piper Longum, Extract, Synthesis, Antibacterial
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1653-1666.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.12
Synthesis and characterization of nickel and molybdenum catalysts supported on alumina derived from bauxite
Authors: Salim Jarjees Qaidar , Rafaa Qasim Abbas , Ahmed Hamdoon Ammar
Published: September 2024

In this study, a natural ore (bauxite), which is characterized by its high content of various aluminum minerals, such as gypsite, , bohmite, and diaspore, AlO(OH), was used to obtain alumina ( ), which was used as a support for the catalyst. The components of the ore were studied using multiple techniques, such as The X-ray energy dispersion (EDX) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology. Then, undesirable components that negatively affect the behavior of the prepared catalyst were removed, such as carbonates, iron, and amorphous silica, and then aluminum oxide (alumina) was prepared from the ore using a series of chemical treatments. Then the mixed catalyst consisting of (nickel/molybdenum) carried on alumina was prepared, its properties were studied, and its components were identified by measuring energy dispersion with X-rays (EDX) and ensuring the extent of its thermal stability by conducting a thermal analysis measurement. Gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), measurement of the surface area of ​​the prepared catalyst (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements to identify the percentages of metals, and then estimating the percentage of these elements in their oxide form.
KEY WORDS: Catalyst, Bauxite, Nickel, Molybdenum
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1715-1724.                                                        
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.17
Spectroscopic determination of cobalt(II) ion by using azo dye of triazole derivatives
Authors: J. Majid Yasser , B. Ali Wassan , R. Fadhel Sahar
Published: September 2024

Highly efficient azo-day triazole derivatives carrying a π bond and OH electron donor groups have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as colorimetric chemosensors for detecting metal ions in environmental samples, which was further supported by the functional theory studies and UV–Vis spectrophotometric experiment. The 4-amino-5-(2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol was directed to react with 3-nitrophenol during a diazotization type reaction to form an azo-day 4-((3-(2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl) amino)phenyl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3-nitrophenol (Y), which have been confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and could also be easily used for the detection metal ions. Compound (Y) exhibited a rapid quantitative method for the detection of Co(II) at λmax (532 nm) in an aqueous solution. The current study introduces a facile, low cost, more specific and selective chemosensor for detecting trace amounts of cobalt ions.
KEY WORDS: Mefenamic acid, Azo dye, Cobalt(II), Spectroscopy
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1557-1567.                                            
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.5