bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Primary Aspects of Improving the Electrical Strength of Cast Epoxy Insulation on High-Voltage Devices
Authors: Varivodov V. N. , Kovalev D. I. , , Golubev D. V. , Voronkova E. M.
Published: June 2022

Various technical solutions are used to meet existing requirements for insulating high-voltage equipment, and the widespread introduction of solid insulation is one of them. Recently, there has been a noticeable wide transition to composite materials with improved strength properties. To justify the use of such materials, it is necessary to be guided by statistical laws of electrical strength distribution from various parameters, particularly the size of insulation, and its volume, to analyze breakdown probabilities. When selecting an appropriate type of material, one should also rely on the filler's type, size, and structure, temperature coefficient difference of linear expansion for electrode and cast insulation materials, and a possible increase in adhesion of metal elements epoxy compounds. The article considers in detail the issues of determining the distribution of electrical strength from various parameters, describes the theories of dielectric failure and ways to increase insulation, and also presents for the first time the experience of high-quality adhesion of electrodes with composite materials in the absence and pre-application of a small layer of compound on the electrode surface before the main filling with solid insulation. The presented results cover experiments on the strength of cast epoxy insulation samples when activating the electrode surface with alkali, potassium dichromate, and in the absence of activation. At the same time, for a better understanding of the ongoing processes and changes in the electric field strength, the main influencing factors and the mechanisms of the electrical breakdown development are taken into account.
Global Stability of Symbiotic Model of Commensalism and Parasitism with Harvesting in Commensal Populations
Authors: Chen Fengde , Zhou Qimei , Lin Sijia
Published: June 2022

This article revisit the stability property of symbiotic model of commensalism and parasitism with harvesting in the commensal population. The model was proposed by Nurmaini Puspitasari, Wuryansari Muharini Kusumawinahyu, Trisilowati (Dynamic analysis of the symbiotic model of commensalism and parasitism with harvesting in commensal populations, Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika, 2021, 5(1): 193-204). By establishing three powerful Lemmas, sufficient conditions which ensure the global stability of the equilibria are obtained.
On the Complexity of Determining Whether there is a Unique Hamiltonian Cycle or Path
Authors: Hudry Olivier , Lobstein Antoine
Published: June 2022

The decision problems of the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle or of a Hamiltonian path in a given directed or undirected graph, and of the existence of a truth assignment satisfying a given Boolean formula C, are well-known NP-complete problems. Here we study the problems of the uniqueness of a Hamiltonian cycle or path in an undirected, directed or oriented graph, and show that they have the same complexity, up to polynomials, as the problem U-SAT of the uniqueness of an assignment satisfying C. As a consequence, these Hamiltonian problems are NP-hard and belong to the class DP, like U-SAT.
Systemology of Information Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Lovtsov Dmitriy A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The lack of a coherent legal systemology and its constituent part – information law systemology – prevents the formalisation of evidence-based solutions for the basic theoretical problems of the enforcement and the interpretation of law in the conditions of the coming information society. The development of an appropriate formal-theoretical apparatus and science and methodical base is possible only on the basis of a productive systemological concept. The justification for this concept is based on the study of philosophical foundations and fundamental principles (including integrity, dynamic equilibrium, entropy minimisation, necessary variety, and feedback) and the use of logical and linguistic methods of the so called “ICS”-approach (“information, cybernetic and synergetic”). Theoretical Basis. Methods. This was an “ICS”- approach with conceptual and logical modelling of systems of legal regulation, information sphere (infosphere), information legal relations, information worker, system analysis and classification of base types and forms of existence together with the qualitative manifestation of legal information in ergasystems. Further, synthesis and modification of private scientific results of the author published between 2005–2021 (copyrighted author’s scientific works) and educational books were also used. Results. Elucidation and development of the base components of the science and methodical base of an information law systemology. This includes the conceptual and logical model of the infosphere (taking into account digital transformation), legal ergasystem, and stereotypical information legal relations. Information workings are developed, basic concepts and methodological principles and methods of modern information law systemology are updated. A system organisation is identified, also a logical decomposition of the object of the information law industry is carried out. Corresponding complexes of legal norms are defined, as are identifications of quantity and quality conditions for the efficiency of the legal regulation of information relations in the infosphere. A multilevel system of pragmatic principles of legal interaction in infosphere is also defined. Discussion and Conclusion. This has developed the base components of the scientific and methodical base of information law systemology providing a methodological basis for the development of an adequate formal-theoretical apparatus. This allows the formalisation of the decisions of the main theoretical problems of enforcement and law interpretation, as well as the development and implementation of special information and legal technologies based on the concept of information and functional databases – as well as knowledge to ensure the increase of the informational effectiveness of the legal ergasystems as an “ICS-systems”. This is all subject to subjective organising of human activity and the objective synergetic processes of disorganisation.
Bioeconomics of technological interdependencies in a sequential shrimp fishery: optimal size of the industrial fleet in southern Gulf of California
Authors: Aranceta-Garza Fernando , Seijo Juan Carlos , Vergara-Solana Francisco
Published: June 2022

The bioeconomic sequential externalities in the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fishery during 2014-2015 season in southern Sinaloa, Mexico, were analyzed by calculating the optimal size of the industrial fleet (trawlers) given the current oversized small-scale fleet (SSF: cayucos). For this purpose, we constructed a dynamic multi-fleet age-structured bioeconomic model with natural mortality-at-age and catchability-at-age. The distributed delay model was applied to simulate recruitment seasonality. The reproductive effect of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) was also considered. The constant size of SSF was represented in status quo while reducing industrial fleet by -25%, -50% and -70%Maximizing net present value “NPV” of industrial fleet. The model showed the technological interdependencies of two fleets competing for one species and their respective externalities. The status quo fishery showed a deteriorated biomass (0.27, below MSY); overcapitalized fleet (especially for the SSF); fleets low NPV of resource rent, especially for the cayucos ($761 USD per season). The access limitation of trawlers presented a progressive improvement in all bioeconomic variables, mainly on biomass (+27%) and NPV resource rent for trawlers (+700%). The SSF presented positive marginal externalities (4%). However, biomass was still below MSY (0.34) and the fishery trade-off showed a 70% industrial fleet loss to overcome the negative externalities of the actual SSF status. Given the current conditions of the sequential shrimp fishery (i.e., overcapitalized, overexploited, difficulty to control SSF) the limitation of industrial effort to the area could be a viable strategy to improve the fishery bioeconomic performance. However, it is necessary to explore more management strategies that include the small-scale fishery to attained sustainable levels and higher profitability for users.
LA CONDUCTA DEL PESCADOR ANTE LAS DECISIONES DE LA COMUNIDAD EUROPEA
Authors: Gonzalez -Laxe Fernando , Ponce -Dí­az Germán
Published: June 2022

El trabajo se centra en abordar cómo reacciona el pescador ante la adopción de las decisiones de la Comunidad Europea fundamentadas en la gestión pesquera relacionadas con la regulación pesquera y con los mecanismos de intervención en lo que atañe a los niveles de biomasa de los stocks pesqueros, las capturas, precios, ingresos y costos. Los resultados estimados prueban que las acciones puestas en funcionamiento no consiguen, del todo, alcanzar sus objetivos; y las actitudes de los pescadores no van en convergencia con los postulados de la Política Pesquera Común (PPC). Los pescadores aplican razonamientos de conducta centrados en tres planteamientos: la maximización del beneficio; la creación y justificación de comportamientos ideales; y la continua reivindicación de derechos sociales y territoriales. Nuestra aportación contextualiza las lógicas conductuales de los pescadores: la productivista, la tradicional y la adaptativa con relación a la aplicación de las directivas de gestión pesquera comunitaria.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TROPHIC STATUS (SPRING-SUMMER) OF THE EL CONCHALITO ESTUARY, BCS, BASED ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLOROPHYLL a, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY
Authors: Verdugo Dí­az Gerardo , Martínez -López Aida , Gómez-Ochoa Francisco Javier
Published: June 2022

RESUMEN. Los sistemas de manglar, tradicionalmente han sido reportados como áreas de alta productividad primaria, capaces de exportar biomasa hacia sistemas adyacentes favoreciendo a organismos de diferentes niveles tróficos. Su complejidad como sistemas altamente productivos estriba en gran parte en la coexistencia de productores primarios tanto foto como quimiosintéticos. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el estado trófico, la eficiencia fotosintética y productividad primaria de la comunidad fitoplanctónica presente en este manglar durante la temporada primavera verano del 2016. Se realizaron muestreos quincenales durante el periodo abril a julio en los cuales se tomaron muestras para determinación de concentración de clorofila a y estimación de la productividad primaria. De igual manera se registró la temperatura ambiental y la superficial del agua, además de considerar datos de niveles de mareas. La temperatura ambiente varió entre los 21.9 y 28.5 ° C, mientras que la temperatura superficial del agua presentó valores entre 21 y 24.5 °C. Los menores niveles de marea se registraron durante el primer y segundo muestreo (50 cm), mientras que los máximos durante la tercera y cuarta fecha (120 cm). Con relación a la concentración de clorofila a, su valor mínimo fue de 2.0 mg m-3, mientras que el máximo de 4.6 mg m-3 (julio y marzo respectivamente). Durante Julio se registró el mínimo de productividad primaria (2.4 mg C m-3 h-1), mientras que el máximo durante abril con 4.9 mg C m-3 h-1. La eficiencia del proceso fotosintético presentó el mínimo durante mayo (0.79 y el máximo durante julio (1.20 mg C m-3 h-1), coincidiendo con el mínimo de productividad primaria. De acuerdo al Índice Trófico de Carlson (> 30), el Estero El Conchalito se considera una zona de productividad media.
Emoji-SP, the Spanish emoji database: Visual complexity, familiarity, frequency of use, clarity, and emotional valence and arousal norms for 1031 emojis
Authors: Ferré Pilar , Haro Juan , Pérez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Moreno Irene , Hinojosa José Antonio
Published: June 2022

This article presents subjective norms for 1031 emojis in six dimensions: visual complexity, familiarity, frequency of use, clarity, emotional valence, and emotional arousal. This is the largest normative study conducted so far that relies on subjective ratings. Unlike the few existing normative studies, which mainly comprise face emojis, here we present a wide range of emoji categories. We also examine the correlations between the dimensions assessed. Our results show that, in terms of their affective properties, emojis are analogous to other stimuli, such as words, showing the expected U-shaped relationship between valence and arousal. The relationship between affective properties and other dimensions (e.g., between valence and familiarity) is also similar to the relationship observed in words, in the sense that positively valenced emojis are more familiar than negative ones. These findings suggest that emojis are suitable stimuli for studying affective processing. Emoji-SP will be highly valuable for researchers of various fields interested in emojis, including computer science, communication, linguistics, and psychology. The full set of norms is available at: https://osf.io/dtfjv/.
FIRE SITUATION IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES CAUSED BY DIFFERENT KINDS OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016-2020
Authors: Сибирко Виталий Иванович , Малёмина Екатерина Николаевна , Гончаренко Валентина Сергеевна , Мартынов Владимир Алексеевич
Published: June 2022

Проанализированы число пожаров, погибших и травмированных на них людей, прямой материальный ущерб от пожаров, возникших в Российской Федерации в 2016-2020 гг. от различных видов электрических изделий и устройств в зданиях, сооружениях жилого сектора и общественных зданиях, сооружениях. По результатам исследования установлено, что примерно две трети рассматриваемых пожаров произошло от кабелей и проводов. Среди кабелей и проводов различных видов наибольшее число пожаров произошло от открытых медных проводов, открытых алюминиевых проводов, скрытых медных проводов, открытых медных кабелей. Наибольшее число погибших и травмированных людей, прямой ущерб также соответствуют пожарам от кабелей и проводов.

There was analyzed the number of fires, fire deaths and fire injures as well as material loss from fires caused by different kinds of electrical devices in residential and public buildings and structures in the Russian Federation in 2016-2020. As a result of the study it was found that approximately two-thirds of the considered fires were caused by cables and wires. Among cables and wires of different kinds, the largest number of fires was caused by open copper wires, open aluminum wires, hidden copper wires and open copper cables. The largest number of fire deaths and injuries, direct material loss also corresponds to fires caused by cables and wires.
BADAN USAHA MILIK MASJID (BUMM) AT TAQWA DALAM MEMPERDAYAKAN EKONOMI
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Bakti Negara (IBN) Tegal, sarja sarja
Published: June 2022

The development of mosques in the current era has economic potential if the management of infaq funds, alms funds, waqf funds from muzakki must be carried out by professional mosque administrators and have strategies in raising funds to be used as economic empowerment of Muslims in particular. The funds owned by the mosque are then used as business capital so as to form a Mosque-Owned Enterprise (BUMM) At Taqwa for productive businesses as well as for the welfare of the mosque itself and the community so that the formulation of the research problem is how to explore the potential that exists in the mosque so that the mosque and the congregation will develop in the economic field. This type of research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Sources of data in this study include primary sources, namely interviews with mosque administrators, mosque youth, and worshipers. and secondary sources in the form of documentation related to mosque activities. The results in this study indicate that the At Taqwa mosque in Tanjungsari Village, Wanasari District, has an independent economic source from the results of funds and waqf of worshipers and muzakki so that it is managed by building a mosque-owned business entity (BUMM), namely cooperatives, renting tarubs, waqf of rice fields, and once a year open a gebyar ramadah or ramadhan market in the courtyard of the mosque this business has been running since 2017 and is supported by many productive waqf assets supported by very good, professional, and transparent management. It is proven that many activities have been carried out and have had a good effect on the congregation, and can improve economic welfare in Tanjungsari Village.
Hubungan Tekanan Darah Dengan Kadar Ureum Dan Kreatinin Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Rumah Sakit Mohammadnatsir
Authors: Roslina Ance , Eka Damayanti Amelia , Thristy Isra
Published: June 2022

Background:Diabetes mellitus is defined as a chronic metabolic disease or disorder with multi-etiology characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as a result of insufficiency of insulin function. Ureum and Creatinine levels are parameters for finding out kidney function and progression of chronic kidney disease as a result of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods:This research method is observational analysis with a cross sectional approach conducted at M.Natsir Hospital in Solok City in Oktober. The sampling technique is Total Sampling with a sample number of 133 respondents. Bivariate analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between blood pressure and ureum levels and creatinine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and tested and analyzed with spearman rho test which is useful to find out the variables with each other. Results:From the results of research found that blood pressure has a correlation with ureum and creatinine levels. Spearman Rho statistical test results obtained a value of p for blood pressure with ureum levels of 0.000 (<0.05) and a p value for blood pressure with creatinine levels of 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion:Based on this study that there is a correlation between blood pressure and ureum and creatinine levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at M.Natsir Hospital in Solok City.
Methods of forming orthogonal polyhedra for cutting and packing objects of complex geometry
Authors:   Moscow State University of Technology ", Chekanin Vladislav A. ,   STANKIN",   V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekanin Alexander V. ,   Moscow State University of Technology "STANKIN
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the problem of packing objects of arbitrary geometry. Modern methods of designing irregular packing schemes use a mathematical model based on phi-functions and a hodograph vector function of dense placement. These methods make it possible to obtain exact solutions, but they are time-consuming and very sensitive to the dimension of the problem being solved and the degree of detail of the geometry of vector objects. The use of a discrete representation of placed objects in the form of orthogonal polyhedra can signifi increase the speed of construction a packing, which makes the problem of adequately transforming the shape of placed objects (vector models in the two-dimensional case and polygonal models in the three- dimensional case) relevant. The aim of the study is to systematize methods that provide the formation of orthogonal polyhedra of various dimensions for describing objects and containers of arbitrary geometry. Methods for creating orthogonal polyhedra based on set-theoretic operations (addition, subtraction and intersection), analytical modeling using a set of functions and relational operators, as well as voxelization of fl and volumetric object models are considered. The use of set-theoretic operations is best suited for the manual creation of orthogonal polyhedra with relatively simple geometry. The method of analytical modeling is intended for the formation of voxelized objects based on geometric fi es described by a set of analytically specifi functions. The application of various relational operators to obtain orthogonal polyhedra that describe the contour, internal and external regions of analytical given objects is shown. An algorithm for creating a container in the form of an orthogonal polyhedron based on a given vector model is proposed, which makes it possible to solve problems of irregular packing of objects inside containers of arbitrary shape. All the methods presented in the article are programmatically implemented with a generalization in terms of dimension and are applicable to solving any types of cutting and packing problems.
PSP/WISPR Observations of Dust Density Depletion near the Sun. II. New Insights from within the Depletion Zone
Authors: Stenborg Guillermo , Howard Russell A. , Vourlidas Angelos , Gallagher Brendan
Published: June 2022

Visible light observations from the Wide-field Imager for Solar PRobe (WISPR) aboard the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission offer a unique opportunity to study the dust environment near the Sun. The existence of a dust-free zone (DFZ) around stars was postulated almost a century ago. Despite numerous attempts to detect it from as close as 0.3 au, observational evidence of a circumsolar DFZ has remained elusive. Analysis of WISPR images obtained from heliocentric distances between 13.3–53.7 R
⊙ over multiple PSP orbits shows a gradually decreasing brightness gradient along the symmetry axis of the F-corona for coronal heights between 19 and 9 R
⊙. Below 9 R
⊙, the gradient reverses its trend, approaching the radial dependence exhibited at heights above 19 R
⊙. After taking into account the effects of both the electron corona background and the nonresolved starlight, the WISPR observations down to 4 R
⊙ are consistent with forward-modeling simulations of the F-corona brightness within [−6, 5]% if a circumsolar region of depleted dust density between 19 and 5 R
⊙ enclosing a DFZ is considered. In addition, we show, for the first time, that the F-corona brightness inward of about 15 R
⊙ depends on the observer’s location for observing distances below 35 R
⊙.
Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients and Type Ibn/Icn SNe from Wolf-Rayet/Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Metzger Brian D.
Published: June 2022

Progenitor models for the “luminous” subclass of Fast Blue Optical Transients (LFBOTs; prototype: AT2018cow) are challenged to simultaneously explain all of their observed properties: fast optical rise times of days or less; peak luminosities ≳1044 erg s−1; low yields ≲0.1M
⊙ of 56Ni; aspherical ejecta with a wide velocity range (≲3000 km s−1 to ≳0.1–0.5c with increasing polar latitude); presence of hydrogen-depleted-but-not-free dense circumstellar material (CSM) on radial scales from ∼1014 cm to ∼3 × 1016 cm; embedded variable source of non-thermal X-ray/γ-rays, suggestive of a compact object. We show that all of these properties are consistent with the tidal disruption and hyper-accretion of a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star by a black hole or neutron star binary companion. In contrast with related previous models, the merger occurs with a long delay (≳100 yr) following the common envelope (CE) event responsible for birthing the binary, as a result of gradual angular momentum loss to a relic circumbinary disk. Disk-wind outflows from the merger-generated accretion flow generate the 56Ni-poor aspherical ejecta with the requisite velocity range. The optical light curve is powered primarily by reprocessing X-rays from the inner accretion flow/jet, though CSM shock interaction also contributes. Primary CSM sources include WR mass loss from the earliest stages of the merger (≲1014 cm) and the relic CE disk and its photoevaporation-driven wind (≳1016 cm). Longer delayed mergers may instead give rise to supernovae Type Ibn/Icn (depending on the WR evolutionary state), connecting these transient classes with LFBOTs.
The Cooling of the Central Compact Object in Cas A from 2006 to 2020
Authors: Posselt B. , Pavlov G. G.
Published: June 2022

We report on the study of six Chandra observations (four epochs) of the Central Compact Object (CCO) in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant with the ACIS instrument in the subarray mode. This mode minimizes spectrum-distorting instrumental effects such as pileup. The data were taken over a time span of ∼14 yr. If a non-magnetic carbon atmosphere is assumed for this youngest known CCO, then the temperature change is constrained to be

T

̇

=
−
2900
±
600

K yr−1 or

T

̇

=
−
4500
±
800

K yr−1 (1σ uncertainties) for constant or varying absorbing hydrogen column density. These values correspond to cooling rates of −1.5% ± 0.3% per 10 yr and −2.3% ± 0.4% per 10 yr, respectively. We discuss an apparent increase in the cooling rate in the last five years and the variations of the inferred absorbing hydrogen column densities between epochs. Considered together, these changes could indicate systematic effects such as caused by, e.g., an imperfect calibration of the increasing contamination of the ACIS filter.
Depletion of Moderately Volatile Elements by Open-system Loss in the Early Solar Nebula
Authors: Sengupta Debanjan , Estrada Paul R. , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. , Humayun Munir
Published: June 2022

Rocky bodies of the inner solar system display a systematic depletion of “moderately volatile elements” (MVEs) that correlates with the expected condensation temperature of their likely host materials under protoplanetary nebula conditions. In this paper, we present and test a new hypothesis in which open-system loss processes irreversibly remove vaporized MVEs from high nebula altitudes, leaving behind the more refractory solids residing much closer to the midplane. The MVEs irreversibly lost from the nebula through these open-system loss processes are then simply unavailable for condensation onto planetesimals forming even much later, after the nebula has cooled, overcoming a critical difficulty encountered by previous models of this type. We model open-system loss processes operating at high nebula altitudes, such as resulting from disk winds flowing out of the system entirely, or layered accretion directly onto the young Sun. We find that mass-loss rates higher than those found in typical T-Tauri disk winds, lasting short periods of time, are most satisfactory, pointing to multiple intense early outburst stages. Using our global nebula model, incorporating realistic particle growth and inward drift for solids, we constrain how much the MVE-depletion signature in the inner region is diluted by the drift of undepleted material from the outer nebula. We also find that a significant irreversible loss of the common rock-forming elements (Fe, Mg, Si) can occur, leading to a new explanation of another long-standing puzzle of the apparent “enhancement” in the relative abundance of highly refractory elements in chondrites.
Searching for Broadband Pulsed Beacons from 1883 Stars Using Neural Networks
Authors: Gajjar Vishal , LeDuc Dominic , Chen Jiani , Siemion Andrew P. V. , Sheikh Sofia Z. , Brzycki Bryan , Croft Steve , Czech Daniel , DeBoer David , DeMarines Julia , Drew Jamie , Isaacson Howard , Lacki Brian C. , Lebofsky Matt , MacMahon David H. E. , Ng Cherry , de Pater Imke , Perez Karen I. , Price Danny C. , Suresh Akshay , Webb Claire , Worden S. Pete
Published: June 2022

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence at radio frequencies has largely been focused on continuous-wave narrowband signals. We demonstrate that broadband pulsed beacons are energetically efficient compared to narrowband beacons over longer operational timescales. Here, we report the first extensive survey searching for such broadband pulsed beacons toward 1883 stars as a part of the Breakthrough Listen’s search for advanced intelligent life. We conducted 233 hr of deep observations across 4–8 GHz using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope and searched for three different classes of signals with artificial (or negative) dispersion. We report a detailed search—leveraging a convolutional neural network classifier on high-performance GPUs—deployed for the very first time in a large-scale search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence. Due to the absence of any signal-of-interest from our survey, we place a constraint on the existence of broadband pulsed beacons in our solar neighborhood: ≲1 in 1000 stars have transmitter power densities ≳105 W Hz−1 repeating ≤500 s at these frequencies.
Long Dark Gaps in the Lyβ Forest at z < 6: Evidence of Ultra-late Reionization from XQR-30 Spectra
Authors: Zhu Yongda , Becker George D. , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Keating Laura C. , D’Odorico Valentina , Davies Rebecca L. , Christenson Holly M. , Bañados Eduardo , Bian Fuyan , Bischetti Manuela , Chen Huanqing , Davies Frederick B. , Eilers Anna-Christina , Fan Xiaohui , Gaikwad Prakash , Greig Bradley , Haehnelt Martin G. , Kulkarni Girish , Lai Samuel , Pallottini Andrea , Qin Yuxiang , Ryan-Weber Emma V. , Walter Fabian , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi
Published: June 2022

We present a new investigation of the intergalactic medium near reionization using dark gaps in the Lyβ forest. With its lower optical depth, Lyβ offers a potentially more sensitive probe to any remaining neutral gas compared to the commonly used Lyα line. We identify dark gaps in the Lyβ forest using spectra of 42 QSOs at z
em > 5.5, including new data from the XQR-30 VLT Large Programme. Approximately 40% of these QSO spectra exhibit dark gaps longer than 10 h
−1 Mpc at z ≃ 5.8. By comparing the results to predictions from simulations, we find that the data are broadly consistent both with models where fluctuations in the Lyα forest are caused solely by ionizing ultraviolet background fluctuations and with models that include large neutral hydrogen patches at z < 6 due to a late end to reionization. Of particular interest is a very long (L = 28 h
−1 Mpc) and dark (τ
eff ≳ 6) gap persisting down to z ≃ 5.5 in the Lyβ forest of the z = 5.85 QSO PSO J025−11. This gap may support late reionization models with a volume-weighted average neutral hydrogen fraction of 〈x
H I〉 ≳ 5% by z = 5.6. Finally, we infer constraints on 〈x
H I〉 over 5.5 ≲ z ≲ 6.0 based on the observed Lyβ dark gap length distribution and a conservative relationship between gap length and neutral fraction derived from simulations. We find 〈x
H I〉 ≤ 0.05, 0.17, and 0.29 at z ≃ 5.55, 5.75, and 5.95, respectively. These constraints are consistent with models where reionization ends significantly later than z = 6.
Variability of the Sun’s Luminosity Places Constraints on the Thermal Equilibrium of the Convection Zone
Authors: Vieira L. E. A. , Kopp G. , Dudok de Wit T. , da Silva L. A. , Carlesso F. , Barbosa A. R. , Muralikrishna A. , Santos R.
Published: June 2022

Luminosity, which is the total amount of radiant energy emitted by an object, is one of the most critical quantities in astrophysics for characterizing stars. Equally important is the temporal evolution of a star’s luminosity because of its intimate connection with the stellar energy budget, large-scale convective motion, and heat storage in the stellar interior. The Sun’s luminosity and its variation have not been measured to date because current observations of the solar radiative output have been restricted to vantage points near the Earth. Here, we model the solar luminosity by extending a semiempirical total solar irradiance (TSI) model that uses solar-surface magnetism to reconstruct solar irradiance over the entire 4π solid angle around the Sun. This model was constrained by comparing its output to the irradiance in the Earth’s direction with the measured TSI. Comparing the solar luminosity to the TSI on timescales from days to solar cycles for cycles 23 and 24, we find poor agreement on short timescales (<solar rotation). This is not unexpected due to the Earth-centric viewing geometry and short-term irradiance dependence on surface features on the Earth-facing solar disk. On longer timescales, however, we find good agreement between the luminosity model and the TSI, which suggests that the extrapolation of luminosities to multicycle timescales based on TSI reconstructions may be possible. We show that the solar luminosity is not constant but varies in phase with the solar cycle. This variation has an amplitude of 0.14% from minimum to maximum for Solar Cycle 23. Considering the energetics in the solar convection zone, it is therefore obvious that a steady-state input from the radiative zone at the solar minimum level would lead to a gradual reduction in the energy content in the convection zone over multicentury timescales. We show that the luminosity at the base of the convection zone should be approximately 0.032% higher than that at the solar surface during solar minimum to maintain net energy equilibrium through the solar cycle. These different energy-input scenarios place constraints on the long-term evolution of the TSI and its impact on the solar forcing of climate variability. These results highlight the convection zone’s role as an energy reservoir on solar-cycle timescales and set constraints for dynamo models intending to understand the long-term evolution of the Sun and solar analogs.
Dynamical Friction in Globular Cluster-rich Ultra-diffuse Galaxies: The Case of NGC5846-UDG1
Authors: Bar Nitsan , Danieli Shany , Blum Kfir
Published: June 2022

Ultra-diffuse galaxies that contain a large sample of globular clusters (GCs) offer an opportunity to test the predictions of galactic dynamics theory. NGC5846-UDG1 is an excellent example, with a high-quality sample of dozens of GC candidates. We show that the observed distribution of GCs in NGC5846-UDG1 is suggestive of mass segregation induced by gravitational dynamical friction. We present simple analytic calculations, backed by a series of numerical simulations, that naturally explain the observed present-day pattern of GC masses and radial positions. Subject to some assumptions on the GC population at birth, the analysis supports the possibility that NGC5846-UDG1 resides in a massive dark matter halo. This is an example for the use of GC-rich systems as dynamical (in addition to kinematical) tracers of dark matter.
No Evolution in the Half-mass Radius of Milky Way–type Galaxies over the Last 10 Gyr
Authors: Hasheminia Maryam , Mosleh Moein , Tacchella Sandro , Hosseini-ShahiSavandi S. Zahra , Park Minjung , Naidu Rohan P.
Published: June 2022

The Milky Way (MW) galaxy is in focus, thanks to new observational data. Here we shed new light on the MW’s past by studying the structural evolution of MW progenitors, which we identify from extragalactic surveys. Specifically, we constrain the stellar-mass growth history (SMGH) of the MW with two methods: (i) direct measurement of the MW’s star formation history, and (ii) assuming the MW is a typical star-forming galaxy that remains on the star-forming main sequence. We select MW progenitors based on these two SMGHs at z = 0.2–2.0 from the CANDELS/3D-HST data. We estimate the structural parameters (including half-mass radius r
50 and Sérsic index) from the stellar-mass profiles. Our key finding is that the progenitors of the MW galaxy grow self-similarly on spatially resolved scales with roughly a constant half-mass radius (∼2–3 kpc) over the past 10 Gyr, while their stellar masses increase by about 1 dex, implying little-to-no inside-out growth. We discover that the radius containing 20% of the stellar mass (r
20) decreases by 60% between redshifts of z = 2.0 and z = 0.7, while the central stellar-mass density (Σ1) increases by a factor of 1.3 dex over the same time and the Sérsic index changes as

n
∝

1
+
z

−
1.41
±
0.19

. This is consistent with an early (z > 1) formation of a thick disk, followed by the formation of a bar that led to an increase in the mass in the core. The formation and evolution of the thin disk had only little impact on the overall half-mass size. We also show that the constant-size evolution of the MW progenitors challenges semiempirical approaches and numerical simulations.
Improving Nurses’ Knowledge about Prevention of Catheter Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Abdelmoaty Alshaimaa Mohamed , Abdelghany Eman O. , Soliman Mona , Kenawy Ahmed M. , Saleh Doa’a A.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Lack of knowledge about causes and strategies to prevent catheter-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) requires an intervention that focuses on providing all evidence-based information to decrease the incidence of CAUTIs in admitted intensive care units (ICU) patients. Improving the nurses’ knowledge will eventually help in the reduction of CAUTIs.

AIM: We aimed to investigate the improving nurses’ knowledge about prevention of catheter acquired urinary tract infections in intensive care units.

METHODS: The present study is a h ealth system-operational research, pre-test–post-test design with a control arm study. The study was conducted in two ICU units in one of the University hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, involving a total sample of 42 nurses. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess nurses’ knowledge about CAUTIs. The intervention was implemented through on job educational training sessions to nursing staff. Cochran Q was used to test the effect of the intervention on a satisfactory level of knowledge.

RESULTS: Knowledge score improved from 61.4 ± 14.1 in pre-test to 90.5 in the early post-test (EP) test done after 1 week to 91.3 in late post-test ( LP) done after 1 month among nurses of the intervention ICU (p < 0.001). The percentage of nurses reporting a satisfactory level of knowledge significantly increased from 13.3% in the pre-test to 90% and 93.3% in follow-up (EP and LP, respectively) in the intervention ICU (p < 0.05)

CONCLUSION: The implemented training and education strategy used were effectively improved ICU nurses’ knowledge concerning CAUTI.
The Effect of Caring Training on the Implementation of Caring Behavior and Work Culture of Nurses in Providing Services to COVID-19 Patients in an Indonesia’s National Referral Hospital
Authors: Susanti Mira , Febrianti Lina , Emrita Resni , Hilmawati Hilmawati , Wahyudi Wawan , Syafrida Syafrida
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Nursing services are one of the criteria for hospital health care. Nurses are the health care workers who have the most contact with patients. Nurses had relatively limited interaction with patients during the epidemic. As a result, it is necessary to increase caring behavior in service delivery.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of caring training on the implementation of caring behavior and work culture of nurses in providing services to COVID-19 patients in an Indonesia’s National Referral Hospital.

METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental design, with one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study was carried out in Indonesia’s National Referral Hospital. The research was conducted between August and December 2021. The caring training lasted around 4 h. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample, which included as many as 92 persons. The Caring Behaviors Inventory-42 and value culture tools were used to collect data. Questionnaires and observation sheets were utilized to retrieve direct measurement data. The collected data were analyzed using a univariate test and a Wilcoxon test for bivariate analysis.

RESULTS: The average age of nurses was 34 years old, with an average working time of 9 years. There was no significant difference in knowledge between before and after care training (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in attitude, work culture, and caring behavior between before and after caring training (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: When nurses provided care to COVID-19 patients in an Indonesian national referral hospital, the caring training had an impact on their behavior and work culture. The hospital should continue a compassionate training program, reinforce it with regulations, monitor assessments, and apply rewords and consequences.
Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product Related to Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese College Students
Authors: Dieny Fillah Fithra , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Suryawati Suryawati
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Visceral obesity in adolescent girls increased the risk of cardiometabolic disease. A simple indicator has been developed to assess metabolic risk through visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) in people with visceral obesity.

AIM: This study analyzed the relationship between VAI and LAP with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese female adolescents.

METHODS: An observational study was conducted on 120 students at Universitas Diponegoro. VAI was obtained from calculation formulations which includes body mass index, waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TGs), and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. LAP was obtained from calculation formulation which include WC and TGs. IR values were obtained based on the calculation of homeostasis for assessment models IR. The metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) was obtained by the calculation of components of WC, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, TG, and HDL cholesterol. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test.

RESULTS: We found that 40% of subjects had a VAI score that was considered at risk. As many as 20.8% of obese adolescent girls experience MetS while the other 79.2% are pre-metabolic syndrome and 83.3% of subjects have experienced IR. VAI showed a significant relationship with IR (p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.667) and cMetS (p = 0.007; p = 0.245). LAP showed a significant relationship with IR (p < 0,001; r = 0,385) and MS (p < 0,001; r = 0.372).

CONCLUSION: We found that VAI and LAP could be an indicator for estimating IR and MS in obese female adolescent.
The Effect of Participatory Ergonomic on Fatigue Disorders of Workers in PT. Industri Kapal Indonesia (Persero)
Authors: Suhartini Suhartini , Wahyu Atjo , Indarty Apik
Published: June 2022

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of participatory ergonomics intervention on worker fatigue.

METHODS: The research conducted in PT. Industri Kapal Indonesia (Persero) Makassar. The method used quasi-experimental with repeated measure design with 3 times repeated in within 15 days for total 60 participants. The sample was collected by simple random sampling. Data analyzed using Paired-Samples T-Test.

RESULTS: The results found that there was an effect of participatory ergonomics intervention on fatigue (p-value of each repeated = 0.001).

COCNLUSION: Participatory ergonomics is appropriate for preventing and reducing fatigue on workers. It is recommended that the company, including workers and management of policymakers, pay attention to this finding.
Husband’s and Health Workers Support Increase Self-acceptance After Hysterectomy
Authors: Afiyah Raden Khairiyatul , Hasina Siti Nur , Sari Ratna Yunita , Umamah Farida , Rusdianingseh Rusdianingseh , Rohmawati Riska , Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul , Prasetyo Budi , Qomaruddin Mochammad Bagus
Published: June 2022

Background: There have been many studies on the importance of various interventions to increase self-acceptance after hysterectomy, but in general none of the above studies have explained the importance of husband and health workers' support in increasing self-acceptance after hysterectomy. This study aims to analyze the correlation between husband's support and health workers with self-acceptance after hysterectomyMethods: The data measured were the support of husbands and health workers as well as self-acceptance obtained from women after hysterectomy through the SAS-EB (Self-Acceptance - Scale for Persons with Early Blindness) questionnaire to measure self-acceptance and a questionnaire containing support to measure support from husbands and health workers. Statistical analysis used was Chi Square to analyze the support of husbands and health workers with self-acceptance after hysterectomyResult: This study found the importance of husband's support, especially support from health workers. The most important support from health workers is the provision of information about hysterectomy including care before and after hysterectomyConclusion: In general, this study proves that husband's and health workers support increase self-acceptance after hysterectomy
Catmint (Nepeta nuda L.) phylogenetics defined by nuclear and chloroplast DNA barcodes
Authors: Bonchev Georgi , Zhiponova Miroslava , Tosheva Anita , Vassileva Valya
Published: June 2022

Nepeta nuda L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide distribution in Europa and Asia. In Bulgaria, N. nuda is also known as “naked (or hairless) catmint”, which likely refers to the naked or sparse short hairy stem and leaves. This study aims to generate DNA barcodes for precise genetic discrimination and determination of phylogenetic position of the plant among other Nepeta species. To achieve this goal, we applied the DNA barcoding technique based on conserved nuclear (internal transcribed spacer/ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnH) DNA regions. The generated DNA barcode sequences were submitted to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) database (https://www.boldsystems.org; accession number BUL002-22). The obtained N. nuda DNA barcodes and corresponding sequences of other Nepeta species available in the BOLD and NCBI database were utilized for taxonomic classification. ITS-derived sequences for Nepeta species were the most enriched in the database, and DNA fragments matching 47 Nepeta species were selected for construction of phylogenetic tree. The results show that N. nuda is clustered in a subclade together with N. sheilae, N. deflersiana, N. isaurica, N. congesta, N. heliotropifolia, N. schiraziana and N. cataria. The information in BOLD was also retrieved for rbcL and matK, and corresponded to 15 and 10 different Nepeta species, respectively. For trnH, only NCBI sequences corresponding to 6 different Nepeta species were found. Тhe three chloroplast markers highlighted the close relation of N. nuda to N. italica, N. tuberosa, N. cataria, N. grandiflora and N. hemsleyana. In conclusion, we suggest a DNA barcode system for genetic discrimination of N. nuda, which could assist its accurate taxonomic characterization.