bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Historical Overview on Fulfillment of the Right to Basic Education Among Albanians from Middle Ages to Beginning of The Last Decade of the XX Century
Authors: Kume Enida
Published: April 2024

Albanians are among the peoples of the Balkans who for centuries have faced the denial of the right to be educated in their native language. The attitude and action of the Ottoman occupier for the prohibition of education in the Albanian language in all Albanian regions during all occupational period was added the effect of the prohibitive action of the religious institutions and neighboring countries that aimed at the territorial annexation of Albania. The realization of the right to education in the Albanian language among Albanian people has been one of the main objectives of the Albanian National Movement for freedom and independence. The declaration of independence also marks the beginning of education in the Albanian language for Albanians as a public right. The decisions of the Vlora government were the first important efforts to realize this right. Economic and social development, the level of culture and traditions, the heritage related to long period under occupation, the geopolitical factors and developments in the first half of the century XX do not promote the process for the development of the basic education system in Albania. At the end of the second world war, Albania was the country with the highest level of illiteracy in the Balkan region. The development of the education system has been one of the main priorities of the Government in the period after the second world war. The right to education was defined as a constitutional right and basic education as a legal obligation for every Albanian citizen. During the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the main characteristic of the education system in Albania was its high level of ideologization.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
Albania and the European Integration
Authors: Dhamo Iris , Dhamo Ana
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the evolution of Albania's European integration process, focusing on various critical aspects. We examine the legislative and institutional reforms undertaken by Albania to meet the Copenhagen criteria and European Union standards. Specifically, we scrutinize the sectors of justice, public administration, and fundamental rights, assessing both progress made and lingering challenges. Furthermore, we explore the economic impact of European integration on Albania, evaluating how opening up to European markets and adopting common norms have influenced economic growth, employment, and the country's competitiveness. We also analyze social dynamics, examining how the integration process has shaped Albanian society, impacting culture, education, and social cohesion. From a geopolitical perspective, we consider Albania's strategic position in the Western Balkans and how this may affect regional dynamics and the country's role within the European Union. Finally, we discuss future prospects, exploring remaining challenges and outlining the opportunities that European integration could offer to Albania politically, economically, and socially.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
Risks of Implementing Circular Economy Practices in Smes in Albania
Authors: Prendı Klarida , Elezı Besiana , Murrja Arif
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this paper is to give an overview of the risks of implementing circular economy practices in Albanian SMEs. The methodology used for research and design in this paper will be based on a literature review, that involves systematically searching, analyzing, and synthesizing existing scholarly articles, books, and other sources related to implementing circular economy practices in SMEs. In conclusion, the adoption of circular economy principles by SMEs in Albania has the potential to improve economic and environmental sustainability but on the other hand, there are inherent risks associated with transitioning to a circular economy model for SMEs. Our research helps to focus attention on the problems of implementing circular practices in Albanian SMEs and possible interventions by the authorities in the form of regulation.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
Examining the Real Implications of the Purchasing Power Parity
Authors: Pucı Jona , Demi Mosho Albana
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the purchasing power between the dollar and the yuan and its usefulness in forecasting changes in exchange rates in the long run. In particular, PPP theory helps to clarify the inclination of countries with high inflation to incur a depreciation of their exchange rates. The theoretical part highlights the deviations from theory, its causes and its interconnections with other theories that analyse the relationship between exchange rates and other macroeconomic variables. Then, the validity of the theory for the USD / JPY exchange rate is examined from 1980 to 2013. The test found proof in support of the theory at 1% confidence level. Substantial emphasis is given on the effects of the asset price bubble in Japan during 1986 - 1992 and the US economic crisis of 2008 and more specifically on the behaviour of the parity during such a period of increased uncertainty.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
The Influence of Leadership Style and Work Discipline on Employee Performance
Authors: Harsono Yhonanda , Fajarianto Otto , Afriani Linda
Published: April 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of leadership style and work discipline on employee performance at CV. Anamuda Bogor either partially or simultaneously. The research method used is associative with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 50 people. With saturated sampling analysis techniques. The data uses validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, multiple coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination analysis and hypothesis testing. Partially testing the hypothesis for the leadership style variable (X1), obtained t count > t table or (7.501 > 2.011), thus H01 is rejected. Ha1 is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between leadership style on employee performance at CV. Anamuda Bogor. Partially testing the hypothesis for the work discipline variable (X2) obtained t count > t table or (5.725 > 2.011) thus H02 was rejected. Ha2 was accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between work discipline on employee performance at CV. Anamuda Bogor. The correlation value or level of relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is 0.793, meaning it has a strong relationship. The coefficient of determination or contribution of simultaneous influence is 62.8%, while the remaining 37.2% is influenced by other factors. Hypothesis testing obtained a calculated F value > F table or (39.729 > 3.200) thus H03 was rejected. Ha3 was accepted. This means that there is a significant simultaneous influence between leadership style and work discipline on employee performance at CV. Anamuda Bogor.
Optimization of Character Education in The Independent Curriculum Through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project Approach
Authors: Ratnawati Rr. Eka , Warneri  , Aunurrahman  , Christiani Yuzi Hana , Karim Ajerin
Published: April 2024

Education with Pancasila values, the Merdeka Curriculum aims to create students who are not only academically skilled but also have a solid moral foundation. The method used in this research is library research. This research describes understanding in descriptive research that is scientific and inductive. The need for a curriculum that is responsive to student needs and the global environment is becoming increasingly important. The existence of Pancasila values ​​in the face of the social crisis currently hitting Indonesian society, where the teaching and implementation of these values ​​has been proven to have a positive impact on student behavior. In developing character education, Pancasila values ​​have a central role as a moral and ethical foundation that is rooted in Indonesian culture and history.
Pasar Rebo Street Library Community Alternative Education Empowerment Model for School Out-of-School Children
Authors: Irwansyah Muhamad , Halim Paisal
Published: April 2024

The problem of dropping out of school experienced by students in Kampung Tengah, East Jakarta raised the social concern of the Pasar Rebo Street Library Community to Apply the concept of empowerment throught alternatie education activities as an effort to overcome the phenomenon of students dropping out of school. This research aims to describe the internal and external factors causing dropouts, the alternative education empowerment model and the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with purposive sampling technique to determine informants. Data were collected throught interviews, observation and documentation. The data were analyzed using structural functionalism theory, specifically Talcott Parsons’ AGIL concept and Max Weber’s Social Action theory. The results show that the internal factor that causes children to drop out of school is the desire of children to help parents work, while the external factor is the lack of parental attention to children’s education. There are five alternative education empowerment models carried out by the Pasar Rebo Street Library Community, namely the history model of the formation of teaching staff, the book collection model for teaching materials, the student data colletction model, the student classification model and the altenative education learning model. Supporting factors in alternative education activites are motivation, commitment and a supportive environment, while the inhibiting factors are the time of organizing activities, the inconsistency of some teaching staff, and the lack of interest in learning from some students. Based on the results of the research, alternative education activities carried out by the Pasar Rebo Street Library Community for school dropouts in Kampung Tengah, East Jakarta are included in the concept of empowerment, where students are given learning, knowledge and knowledge like in formal education, and there are plans to create PKBM so that students get proof of learning or diplomas.
Student Diversity and Fulfilling The Target of The Differentiation Learning Curriculum
Authors: Berliana Cindy , Fajarianto Otto , Harsono Yhonanda
Published: April 2024

It is very important for us as educators to know the diversity of students in the classroom to be able to determine differentiated learning models, approaches and strategies during learning. In this paper, we will discuss the diversity of students at SDN Lesanpuro 3 Malang with class IA research samples. From the physical diversity of students in class IA, there are 13 male students and 15 female students. In terms of sensory diversity, the majority have no obstacles. In terms of economic and demographic diversity, class IA students are very diverse, which is based on work factors. The majority of families and residences are in urban areas. Apart from that, judging from the learning outcomes of students in the fine arts learning content, line material also has quite satisfactory results. Based on the diversity of students in class IA, educators have implemented differentiated learning strategies in one aspect of the product in the fine arts learning content. The results of fulfilling the curriculum targets show that in fulfilling the curriculum targets at SDN Lesanpuro 3 class IA, the line material for fine arts learning content shows that students have been able to understand, identify, classify and create works regarding types of lines. And can also demonstrate concrete media TOURISM (Line Cards) individually.
Development Of Student Teaching Materials Using An Inquiry Approach Oriented On Critical Thinking Ability In Service Company Accounting Courses
Authors: Pertiwi Indah , Yulyanah  , Masitoh Lisda Fitriana
Published: April 2024

University is a continuation of secondary education which is organized to prepare students to become members of society who have academic and professional abilities who can apply, develop and create science, technology and the arts. Learning in higher education is not just about providing material on a particular topic but must also provide a learning experience that enables the development of student independence in learning so that it can improve student learning achievement. There are several obstacles in studying Service Company Accounting in the D3 Accounting Study Program at Pamulang University, including: (1) lecturers are still the main source for learning accounting; (2) the books used by students are inadequate for a conducive learning process; and (3) students find it difficult to understand the contents of the available textbooks so that students' motivation to learn becomes less. Apart from that, based on the results, students' critical thinking abilities are still low. This is what prompted researchers to prepare Student Teaching Materials (BAM) using an inquiry approach oriented towards thinking skills in the hope that it will make it easier for students to learn Service Company Accounting.
The aim of this research is to produce Student Teaching Materials (BAM) using an inquiry approach oriented towards thinking skills using an inquiry approach oriented towards critical thinking skills in quality Service Company Accounting lectures based on the aspects: (1) validity, (2) practicality, and (3) ) effectiveness.. This research is a type of research and development. The development in this research is the development of Student Teaching Materials (BAM) using an inquiry approach oriented towards thinking skills using an inquiry approach oriented towards critical thinking skills in Service Company Accounting lectures. The development model used in this research is the Borg & Gall development model. Theoretically, the results of this research will improve students' critical thinking skills and the resulting products can be used in Service Company Accounting lectures.
The Effect of Pricing Strategy, Promotional Activities, Market Research, and Supply Chain Management on Marketing Performance in Indonesian Start-ups
Authors: Wijayanto Gatot , Rama Rovanita , Jushermi Jushermi , Pramadewi Arwinence , Rivai Yutiandry , S Deswita
Published: April 2024

The present study examines the complex relationships that exist between pricing strategy, promotional activities, supply chain management, market research, and marketing performance within the framework of start-ups in Indonesia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess data from a sample of 150 start-ups quantitatively. The findings demonstrate the interdependence of strategic choices and their influence on marketing results by pointing out important correlations between these variables. Key factors influencing marketing performance were found to be pricing strategy, advertising, supply chain management, and market research. The results offer practical advice for aspiring business owners, highlighting the significance of comprehensive and integrated marketing approaches for long-term success in the cutthroat market.
Understanding Capital Sources For MSMEs In Gresik
Authors: Handayani Anita
Published: April 2024

Apart from having an important role in the nation's economy, MSMEs also have classic problems, namely related to capital. The source of capital is always a problem because MSMEs have limitations in reaching access to capital, but without realizing that there is a meaning of capital that is not interpreted by these MSMEs so that this study aims to analyse the meaning of capital sources from MSMEs in Gresik with a qualitative approach. The results showed that in running their business, many MSMEs use their own capital. Own capital is chosen because it is easier and does not pose a risk in the future and avoids formal debt because they understand the risks with formal debt when income is down, but MSME players use debt in the form of raw materials that can be used first to run a business. The meaning of this debt is what MSMEs do not realize that basically they use debt as capital in running their business.
Evaluation of Compulsory Regulatory Port Services and Revenue Generation of Onne Port Nigeria
Authors: Nwokodi Nwoloziri Chinyeaka , Chinwebudume Sylvanus Michael  , Allen Obidi Chukwudi , Jason Anthony Ifekawa  , Hlali Arbia
Published: April 2024

Compulsory regulatory services are those port services which are required by Port Authority to provide to port users and/or vessels that call to the port. These services are by port statutory requirement that the Port Authority provides such services and collect revenues from the port users who benefits from such services. Such revenues collected include pilotage fees, lease fees, berth rent, MOWCA, contingency deposit, ship dues etc. This study evaluated the impacts of these compulsory regulatory port services on revenue generation of Onne Port Nigeria. In carrying out the study, secondary data consisting of time series data on port revenue covering a period of six years (2016-2020) of Onne port obtained from NPA Onne annual reports. The data collated were analyzed using multivariate statistics of stepwise regression method with the help of computer aided software SPSS version 22. The results inform that the mix of the independent variables have significant impacts on revenue generation of Onne Port Nigeria. The findings further show that unit increase on pilotage and other services have positive significant impacts on revenue generation while, unit increase on lease and throughput fees have negative significant impacts on revenue generation due to discounts offered to port users for increase in unit patronage. The study recommends that the port authority should ensure adequate pilotage and maintenance of other services to satisfy potential port users to earn loyalty and increase patronage by port users in order to generate more revenues and adopt an optimization approach to manage discounts on unit increase on throughput and lease fees to minimize the effect on the overall revenue generation specially in a long run.
A review of climate change mitigation and agriculture sustainability through soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Raihan Asif
Published: April 2024

As a result of human activities such as burning fossil fuels, organic materials, and engaging in unsustainable land practices, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have been steadily rising, heightening worldwide concerns about climate change. It is expected concentrations to grow and changes in CO2 sequestration in agricultural soils as a result of the industrial revolution's acceleration of CO2 emissions. These emissions have been intensified by changes in land use, such as cutting down trees, burning biomass, altering farming operations, draining natural wetlands, and using the wrong methods for managing soil. The present study utilized the systematic literature review method to investigate soil carbon sequestration options as a possible means of reducing the impact of climate change and improving agriculture sustainability. As a result of soil degradation and poor management, soil organic carbon (SOC) levels have decreased, which in turn has increased atmospheric CO2 levels. But cutting-edge land application and modern agricultural management methods have the ability to reduce CO2 emissions. Several methods exist for replenishing depleted SOC, such as repurposing marginal lands for restoration purposes, advocating for reduced or zero-tillage methods in conjunction with cover as well as residue crops, and introducing nutrient cycling through composting, manure usage, and other environmentally friendly approaches to managing soil and water. One holistic approach to fighting climate change is long-term soil carbon sequestration. Soil carbon sequestration offers a comprehensive and efficient strategy for reducing the impact of climate change by recharging depleted soils, increasing biomass production, cleaning surface and underground water sources, and compensating for CO2 emissions through fossil fuels. Soil carbon sequestration presents an exciting opportunity for management of the problems caused by contemporary changes in the environment, and the adoption of these novel approaches is essential for meeting these issues.
Delivery of Vitamins through the Intraoral Cavity with Toothpaste Using Penetration Enhancers
Authors: Choi Minjune
Published: April 2024

Dental health is rarely deemed a significant factor for a healthy life despite its considerable impact on the human body. Many presume that regular dental check-ups and daily toothbrushing are sufficient to prevent oral health diseases. However, consuming certain nutrients is also required to attain a healthy oral cavity. Nutrients necessary for preserving dental health, namely calcium, phosphorus, fluorine, and various vitamins, contribute to the development, maintenance, and repair of oral tissues. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to be conscious of taking such nutrients on a daily basis. In this study, aiming to abolish such inconveniences, vitamins essential for dental health were combined in a toothpaste formulation with penetration enhancers (PEs) to achieve intraoral delivery of the vitamins while toothbrushing. Multiple tests were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the intraoral vitamin-delivery toothpaste (IOVT), such as abrasiveness and antibacterial strength tests. The same tests were also conducted on three different commercial toothpaste to draw comparisons with the IOVT. Additionally, to verify the IOVT’s penetration capability, a mass transport study, and a transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) value test were conducted using nightcrawlers’ skin. The data collected demonstrated congruency between multiple characteristics of the IOVT and those of the commercial toothpaste. Our key finding was that the greater TEER values demonstrated the high plausibility of effective intraoral delivery of vitamins, assisted by PEs, as components of the IOVT.
Anton Chekhov’s Novelette The Black Monk as an Object of Compositional Reflection (on the Example of the Eponymous Opera by Alexei Kurbatov)
Authors:   Saratov State L. V. Sobinov Conservatory, Demchenko Alexander I. , Disenova Dinara M. ,   Saratov State L. V. Sobinov Conservatory
Published: April 2024

The article examines Anton Chekhov’s literary heritage in the musical interpretation by Russian composers. The main material for study was formed by Chekhov’s novelette written in his late period and its opera version created by the young Russian composer Alexei Kurbatov. The enigmatic circumstances of the creation and the musical qualities of the short story served as the occasion for research by numerous literature and music scholars. A special place in this category is taken up by Nikolai Fortunatov’s scholarly work Muzykal'nost' chekhovskoi prozy [The Musical Qualities of Chekhov’s Prose], in which the researcher interprets the structure of the novelette as that of a sonata form. The authors of the present article examine Kurbatov’s operatic text making use of the method of a comparative literary-musical analysis and show how the structure of the opera, its musical themes and characterization of the images correlate with the hidden musical form of Chekhov’s prose. This is also aided by the genre chosen by the composer — a literary opera that preserves the original text and the outline of the plot.
“Folk Music Culture” as an Academic Discipline in the System of Secondary Vocational Education: Problems and Perspectives
Authors:   Gnesin Russian Academy of Music, Kalyuzhnaya Varvara P.
Published: April 2024

Folk musical culture is one of the significant disciplines in the system of secondary vocational education, which does not enjoy any academic or methodological support in the present day. The article discusses the key problems associated with the implementation of this training course, such as the lack of modern teaching manuals and compilations of demonstration material, and most importantly, the currently outdated methodological approach, according to which folk musical culture is regarded as a summation of folklore texts. The author substantiates the relevance of developing a different — namely, a culturological — approach to the study of the discipline, which would ensure the perception of its object as an integral multidimensional phenomenon. For the implementation of this initiative, a thematic plan is proposed, drawn up on the basis of the author’s own teaching experience within the framework of the teaching load, which is provided for by the current educational standards. As it was being formed, the requests and interests of students were taken into account, identified as a result of a sociological survey of students at the Kaluga S. I. Taneyev Regional Music College. In conclusion, means of solving the problem of educational and methodological support are determined with a focus on the capabilities of the modern digital educational environment.
The Problem of Authorship in the Epoch of New Media. The Universal Digital Archive as a Source of Trans-Medial Transcriptions
Authors:   Vaganova Ballet Academy, Lavrova Svetlana V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of authorship in the digital and post-digital eras. The digital revolution that took place in the early 21st century, radically changed artistic thinking. It was conducive towards the dismantling of the previous analog system and the subsequent transformation into the digital format, stipulated by the methods of encoding of information. The discreet cyber system makes it possible to reduce to a maximal degree the processes of informational transmission and to solve numerous various aims in simultaneity. The contemporary artist operates with the broadest spectrum of materials, including everything that was created and fixated not only in the digital, but in the analog form. This comprehensive archive forms the basis of the trans-medial transcriptions and opens up new trajectories of creative development. The article presents composers’ concepts that have appeared in the era of New Media: glitch-art, which uses intentionally distorted digital objects, which are presently included into the field of new music, the development of systems of artificial intellect for the creation of imitations of authorial styles, as well as conceptual outsourcing. The academic novelty consists in the fact that for the first time in Russian musicology the challenge of the problem of authorship is being realized in the digital and post-digital eras, and also for the first time in the present angle the music of composers Bernhard Lang and Johannes Kreidler is examined. The conclusion of the present research is that the contemporary issue of authorship turns out to be subservient to the openness of the unified digital archive and the possibilities of the trans-medial transcriptions in the situation of a unified digital perception.
Working with Giants: A Brief Overview of the University of Southern California Sea Grant’s Work with the Ninth Largest Port Complex in the World
Authors:   University of Southern California Sea Grant, Stevenson Charlotte , Fawcett James
Published: April 2024

Three-quarters of US trade and 90% of international trade are still moved by ships, and the global demand for waterborne trade is expected to more than double by 2025 (USCG, 2018). The adjacent Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach constitute the largest port complex in the United States, the ninth largest in the world, handling over $500 billion US dollars in cargo and nearly 19 million shipping containers annually (POLA, 2023; POLB, 2023). What may seem like chaos at first glance is actually a highly choreographed dance. A network of one million regional jobs and close to four million national jobs support this interconnected system of football-field-sized container ships, oil tankers, carriers with thousands of imported cars, over one hundred sky-scraping cranes, thousands of trucks, and hundreds of miles of train rails. (POLA and POLB, 2020; POLA, 2023; POLB, 2023). In this dance, speed is time, and time is money. However, being bigger and faster comes at a cost—burning more diesel fuel, generating more greenhouse gas emissions, and threatening several species of endangered whales.
Sea Grant Research Funding: Advancing the Scientific Discourse by Addressing Local Research Priorities
Authors:   Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Carlton Stuart , Foley Carolyn , Höök Tomas
Published: April 2024

Scientific research is often supported by public funds for the public good, and there is a trend toward using public funds to support actionable science that can be integrated into policy or practice. Funding agencies can set research priorities through the focus and timing of their research calls and funding decisions. There is a need to study funding models to better understand the relationship between agency priorities and scientific discourse. We present a case study of the National Sea Grant College Program’s research funding. Sea Grant is a federally funded network of 34 state- or territory-​based programs that fund research and perform education and outreach work on coastal environmental and natural resource issues. Individual Sea Grant programs set research priorities based on local needs, often focusing on actionable science. To assess the contributions of Sea Grant-funded research, we analyzed available citations and abstracts from Web of Science and examined patterns in article authors, journals, citations, keywords, and abstracts. The study shows that Sea Grant has significantly contributed to the scientific literature while being effective on cost-per-​publication and cost-per-citation bases. The results illustrated how targeted funding can address important local issues while substantially contributing to the broader scientific literature.
Comparative Study on the Performance of the Bagging Algorithm in the Breast Cancer Dataset
Authors: Fadhila Tangguh Admojo  , Waluyo Poetro Bagus Satrio
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer remains a predominant health concern globally. Early detection, powered by advancements in medical imaging and computational methods, plays a vital role in enhancing survival rates. This research delved into the application and performance of the Bagging algorithm on a Breast Cancer dataset that underwent image segmentation using the Canny method and feature extraction through Hu-Moments. The Bagging algorithm demonstrated moderately consistent performance across a 5-fold cross-validation, with average metrics of 56.9% accuracy, 58.3% precision, 57.7% recall, and 56.6% F-measure. While the results showcased the potential of the Bagging algorithm in classifying breast cancer data, there remains an avenue for further optimization and exploration of other ensemble or deep learning techniques. The findings contribute to the broader domain of machine learning in medical imaging and offer insights for future research directions and clinical diagnostic tool development.
Performance Metrics of AdaBoost and Random Forest in Multi-Class Eye Disease Identification: An Imbalanced Dataset Approach
Authors: Tarigan Thomas Edyson , Susanti Erma , Siami M. Ikbal , Arfiani Ika , Jiwa Permana Agus Aan , Sunia Raharja I Made
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of AdaBoost and Random Forest Classifier algorithms in the classification of eye diseases, focusing on a challenging scenario involving an imbalanced dataset. Eye diseases, particularly Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, and Normal eye conditions, pose significant diagnostic challenges, and the advent of machine learning offers promising avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Our research utilizes a dataset preprocessed with Canny edge detection for image segmentation and Hu Moments for feature extraction, providing a robust foundation for the comparative analysis. The performance of the algorithms is assessed using a 5-fold cross-validation approach, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as the key metrics. The results indicate that the Random Forest Classifier outperforms AdaBoost across these metrics, albeit with moderate overall performance. This finding underscores the potential and limitations of using advanced machine learning techniques for medical image analysis, particularly in the context of imbalanced datasets. The study contributes to the field by providing insights into the effectiveness of different machine learning algorithms in handling the complexities of medical image classification. For future research, it recommends exploring a diverse range of image processing techniques, delving into other sophisticated machine learning models, and extending the study to encompass a wider array of eye diseases. These findings have practical implications in guiding the selection of machine learning tools for medical diagnostics and highlight the need for continuous improvement in automated systems for enhanced patient care.
Assessing the Predictive Power of Logistic Regression on Liver Disease Prevalence in the Indian Context
Authors: Alwiah Izmy , Zaky Umar , Murdiyanto Aris Wahyu
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the application of Logistic Regression through a Voting Classifier to predict liver disease prevalence within the Indian demographic, specifically analyzing data from the NorthEast of Andhra Pradesh. Employing a dataset encompassing 584 patient records, the research utilizes a 5-fold cross-validation approach to evaluate the model's performance across accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score metrics. The findings reveal accuracy rates ranging from 69.23% to 74.14%, with variable precision and recall, indicating a promising yet improvable predictive capability of the model. The study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating the potential of Logistic Regression in medical diagnostics, especially in the context of liver disease, and highlighting the critical role of machine learning models in enhancing diagnostic processes. Through a detailed discussion, the research aligns with previous studies on the efficacy of machine learning in healthcare, advocating for the integration of more comprehensive data and suggesting further exploration into the model's applicability across diverse populations. The study's implications extend to healthcare professionals and policymakers, underscoring the necessity for advanced diagnostic tools in the early detection of liver diseases.
Clinical epidemiological characterization of leptospirosis during the period 2001-2022 in the Santa Clara municipality, Cuba
Authors: Lazo PL  , Iahia ASM  , Pérez BJA  , Zambrano GMP  , del Valle LD  , Fimia DR
Published: April 2024

The objective of the study was to characterize clinically and epidemiologically human leptospirosis in the Santa Clara municipality, between 2001 and 2022. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. In the affected human population, the incidence, trend, seasonality and endemic channel were determined in a 21-year time series. The occurrence of outbreaks by year, morbidity, lethality, mortality, cases by area, seasonality, were found. The incidence of human leptospirosis in the municipality of Santa Clara is high, and the most affected were the “Captain Roberto Fleites” and “Marta Abreu” health areas. The age group with the highest number of cases was emphasized in patients with age comprehend between 15 and 59 years old, with a predominance of males. Human leptospirosis manifests a seasonal behavior with a tendency to persist. The most frequent symptoms in affected humans were headache, pyrexia, myalgia and jaundice and afebrile cases in pediatric age are described as contributions to the epidemiology in the territory.
A comprehensive assessment of transportation emissions in Nigeria: Trends, drivers, and impacts
Authors: Oluwakoya Adeniyi
Published: April 2024

This study presents an in-depth investigation into the complex dynamics surrounding transportation emissions in Nigeria against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, population growth, and economic development. Through an extensive analysis of historical trends and recent developments, the article elucidates the escalating challenges posed by emissions. Examining the drivers of transportation emissions, including population growth, economic development, and fuel choices, the study underscores the significant correlation between economic growth and emissions while scrutinizing their environmental and public health ramifications. It also explores the prevalent use of fuels in Nigeria's transportation sector, highlighting the imperative of transitioning to cleaner energy sources and leveraging technological innovations for emission reduction and sustainability. Evaluation of existing policy frameworks and regulatory mechanisms offers insights into their efficacy in emission mitigation, along with emphasizing Nigeria's commitments under international agreements like the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. The socioeconomic impacts of transportation emissions, encompassing public health costs, economic losses from traffic congestion, and broader economic implications, are scrutinized. The study concludes with a compelling call to action for immediate policy reforms, sustainable transportation solutions, and international collaboration. As the world grapples with climate change and environmental degradation, this comprehensive assessment aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders, serving as a crucial resource for charting a sustainable course for Nigeria's transportation sector.
Sustainable development of electric vehicles in Nigeria: Charging stations, research and development, and the way forward in a situation of electricity inadequacy
Authors: Sambo Abubakar , Garba Usman
Published: April 2024

Many nations have long been actively supporting the development of electric vehicles (EVs). The adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) actions in that direction have been accelerated to ensure that the 24% of the CO2 emission of the transport sector is brought down to the barest minimum. The focus of this paper is on the necessary measures and effective ways of acquiring EV technologies for developing countries such as Nigeria. The steps needed towards the development of the EV sector in Nigeria and the research and development strategies needed to address the challenges facing Nigeria in its quest to build a formidable EV industry are x-rayed. Finally, the opportunity for energy diversification towards confronting the challenges occasioned by inadequate electricity supply and distribution on the EV value chain is identified and analysed with recommendations made on the way forward. Since the EV industry cannot be true of zero-emission until its source of electricity is of zero-emission, the inherent potentials of using renewable electricity in the form of hydrogen fuel cells and harnessing the potential for solar photovoltaics (PV) of about 210 GW and concentrated solar power of approximately 88.7 GW is highlighted and recommended for the evolving EV market in Nigeria.
Towards a sustainable future: The decarbonization of transport
Authors: Ibhadode Akii , Etin-Osa Collins
Published: April 2024

This themed edition of the Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science delves into the pivotal topic of transport decarbonization, a critical component in the global strategy to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability. It amalgamates a rich tapestry of research, case studies, and policy analyses focused on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in transitioning to a low-carbon transport system. Key areas of discussion include the complexities of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, the potential for invigorating local manufacturing sector through EV and e-bike production, the transformative impact of removing fuel subsidies on the uptake of solar power, and the intricate policy landscapes that underpin transport decarbonization efforts. By spotlighting Nigeria's unique context, from its policy strides to innovative local initiatives, this edition not only contributes to the academic discourse on sustainable transport but also aims to inspire actionable insights and collaborative efforts towards achieving a decarbonized transport future. This compilation seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the interplay between technological innovation, policy frameworks, and community engagement in driving the shift towards sustainable mobility solutions, with the hope of catalyzing further research and implementation of sustainable transport systems globally.
Checklist of butterflies from the rupestrian grasslands of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Authors: Pires A. C. V. , Beirão M. V. , Fernandes G. W. , Oliveira I. F. , Pereira G. C. N. , Silva V. D. , Mielke O. H. H. , Duarte M.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to provide a list of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) that occur in the rupestrian grasslands of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Butterflies were sampled using VSR traps and entomological nets in seven undisturbed plots between 800 and 1400m above sea level. We collected 1,520 individuals belonging to 172 species. Among these species, four are on the Brazilian list of endangered species: Cunizza hirlanda planasia (Stoll, 1790), Magnastigma julia Nicolay, 1977, Strymon ohausi (Spitz, 1933) and Rhetus belphegor (Westwood, 1851).
Fauna of Spilomelinae from Wuzhi Mountain Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae)
Authors: Wei X.-L. , Wan J.-P. , Du X.-C.
Published: April 2024

Fauna of Spilomelinae from Wuzhi Mountain was analysed. There are 95 species in 54 genera of Spilomelinae from this area. One species is newly recorded from China, three genera and thirteen species are recorded from Hainan Island for the first time. Fifty-four genera show 16 distributional patterns and ninety-five species show 14 distributional patterns in this Zoogeographical region of the world. One genus and seventeen species are endemic to the Oriental region. The indicates that Spilomelinae from this area are closely related to the Palaearctic region and next to the Australian and Afrotropical regions; specimens from the Oriental region constitute the majority and most genera and species show cross-region distribution.
Three new species of the genus Parapammene Obraztsov, 1960 from Hainan Island, China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Lu S. H. , Li H. H.
Published: April 2024

Three new species of Parapammene Obraztsov, 1960 are described based on the specimens collected in Hainan, China. They are P. equilata Lu & Li, sp. n., P. ventextensa Lu & Li, sp. n., and P. hainana Lu & Li, sp. n. Diagnostic characters of each new species are given, and photos of adults and male genitalia are provided.
Tortricidae from Ethiopia, 3 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Razowski J. , Trematerra P. , Colacci M.
Published: April 2024

Twenty-two species are discussed, and five species are described as new (Parabactra addisalema Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n., Megaherpystis subae Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n., Megaherpystis oromiae Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n., Eucosmocydia zegieana Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n., Thaumatographa amarana Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n.). New combinations: Polychrosis acanthis Meyrick, 1920 is transferred to Emrahia Koçak, 1981, Eucosma accipitrina Meyrick, 1913, Eucosma calliarma Meyrick, 1909, Eucosma nereidopa Meyrick, 1927, Cosmetra maficana Razowski, 2015, Cosmetra podocarpivora Razowski & Brown, 2012, and Cosmetra taitana Razowski & Brown, 2015, to Megaherpystis Diakonoff, 1969. Known species of Megaherpystis are listed. Females of Endothenia ethiopica Razowski & Trematerra, 2010, and Gypsonoma giorgiae Razowski & Trematerra, 2012 are newly described
Emisión de sonido en los estados inmaduros de 18 especies de Lycaenidae ibéricos y su posible significado biológico (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Álvarez M. , Munguira M. L. , Ruiz E. , Hernández J. M. , Martínez-Ibáñez M. D.
Published: April 2024

Se han grabado y analizado las emisiones acústicas en 18 especies de Lycaenidae de la Península Ibérica, tanto mirmecófilas como amirmecófilas. Las especies estudiadas pertenecen a 15 géneros y corresponden a una especie de la tribu Theclini, una de Eumaeini, dos de Lycaenini y 14 Polyommatini. En cinco de ellas sólo se han estudiado las emisiones de la larva y en las otras trece las producidas tanto por la larva como por la pupa. Las larvas de todas las especies estudiadas emitieron sonidos, así como el 77% de las pupas. Se ha estudiado la frecuencia y estructura de la señal emitida en cada especie. El mecanismo de emisión acústica es diferente en larvas y pupas: en las primeras no se ha observado la existencia de un aparato estridulador, mientras que las pupas presentan aparatos estriduladores intersegmentales abdominales. Las larvas de dos especies de Lycaena, así como Cacyreus marshalli y Agriades pyrenaicus producen sonidos en la fase de larva, pero son amirmecófilas. No se han encontrado diferencias en la emisión de sonido entre larvas mirmnecófilas y amirmecófilas. Las pupas de las especies no mirmecófilas no emiten sonido,con la excepción de Lycaena phlaeas. Tres de las especies estudiadas (Glaucopsyche alexis, Iolana debilitata y Pseudophilotes panoptes) no emiten sonido en la fase de pupa aunque son mirmecófilas. Estos resultados indican que la producción de sonido no es un carácter inicialmente relacionado con la mirmecofilia, pero podría estar relacionado con mecnismos de alarma y/o defensa, aunque secundariamente pueda reforzar algunos comportamientos mirmecófilos.
Bocchoris bleusei (Oberthür, 1887) a new species for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Catania A.
Published: April 2024

Bocchoris bleusei (Oberthür, 1887) is here recorded for the first time from the Maltese Islands.
First female record of the Psychidae species Dahlica michaela Arnscheid, 2016, in the Pyrenees of Huesca in Aragon (Spain) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae, Naryciinae)
Authors: Arnscheid W. A. , Gärtner M. R.
Published: April 2024

In 2016 the senior author described the Psychidae species Dahlica michaela from the Pyrenees of Aragon based on 10 males, reared from larvae. No females were included in the type series. It was assumed that the female larvae live hidden on the ground near rocks where the male larvae were found. During a hiking trip on 28 April 2017 a small larval case has been detected attached near the base of a rock at the type locality. From this case a female emerged on 10 May 2017.