bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Es necesario el desarrollo reglamentario del pasaporte biológico del deportista en el derecho español?: Entre el castigo de Sísifo y la fábula de las dos ranas.
Authors: González González Agustin
Published: June 2022

Mucha ha sido la polémica que siempre ha acompañado a la aplicación del Pasaporte Biológico y con ello, los recelos de deportistas, representantes de instituciones deportivas y naturalmente, de operadores y actores jurídicos. La controversia que se extendió en los comienzos desde la misma fiabilidad de esta herramienta hasta incluso su encaje constitucional y su eventual contradicción con derechos fundamentales del deportista han ido aplacándose con el paso del tiempo, al compás de la generalización de su empleo en todo el mundo y especialmente, en los países que más recursos destinan a las políticas públicas de promoción, protección y desarrollo de la actividad deportiva. En nuestro país, sin embargo, aún resuenan en ocasiones las voces críticas que recelan del empleo de este medio probatorio, y en tiempos recientes y a propósito de la nueva legislación antidopaje que habrá de adecuar nuestro ordenamiento jurídico a la normativa internacional, se ha cuestionado la necesidad de juridificar los procedimientos y protocolos de elaboración del Pasaporte Biológico del Deportista. En este artículo se pretende desgranar la verdadera naturaleza y esencia de este medio de prueba y las dificultades y contradicciones que habría de encarar su eventual desarrollo reglamentario.
A brief descriptive outline of the rules of mixed martial arts and concussion in mixed martial arts
Authors: Hamdan Jessica L. , Rath Meghan , Sayoc Jacqueline , Park Joon-Young
Published: June 2022

Mixed martial arts (MMA), a combat sport consisting of wrestling, box-ing, and martial arts, is a popular activity associated with danger and vi-olence. Of concern are the repetitive head impacts, both subconcussive and concussive, sustained by MMA athletes. The rules of MMA en-courage head strikes, but there was no formal concussion protocol in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) until 2021. Because the UFC was established less than 30 years, the long-term consequences of these repetitive concussive head blows are lacking. In this review, we focus on current literature sought to summarize the current knowledge of repetitive head impacts and concussions in MMA. The objectives were to outline (a) the rules of MMA; (b) the postconcussion protocol for UFC athletes; (c) current behavioral and biochemical diagnostic measures; (d) epidemiology and prevalence of concussion in MMA; (e) long-term effects of subconcussive repetitive head impacts; (f) biome-chanics of head impacts; and (g) considerations and research topics that warrant future research.
Negative neuromuscular and functional repercussion of forced swimming after axonotmesis
Authors: Moura Júlia Araújo de , Morais Jaqueline de , Barbosa Samara Maria Neves , Ferreira Marcílio Coelho , Sousa Neto Ivo Vieira de , Leite Hércules Ribeiro , Oliveira Murilo Xavier , Gaiad Thaís Peixoto , Santos Ana Paula
Published: June 2022

Peripheral nerve injuries are cause of sensory disturbances and in functional abilities, and are associated personal and social costs. Strat-egies that maximize nerve regeneration and functional recovery are necessary, the exercise is an option. This study evaluated the effects of forced swimming exercise on neuromuscular histomorphometry and on functional recovery in a median nerve crush model. Sixteen Wistar rats underwent median nerve crush and were divided into control group (CG) and swimming group (SG). The forced swimming protocol started one week after the injury and was performed for 1 hr a day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The rats swam with an overload of 5% and 10% of body weight in the first and second week, respectively. The functional recovery was assessed in three moments using the grasping test. On day 21, fragments of the median nerve and of the forearm flexors mus-cles were removed for histomorphometric analysis. The SG had func-tional recovery impaired (p<0.001) and presented lower myelinated fi-bers number, fiber and axon minimal diameter, myelin thickness and g-ratio in the proximal e distal segments of the median nerve (p<0.005) and area muscle fiber (p<0.005) than CG. Also, the SG presented a number of capillaries in the proximal segments of the median nerve greater than CG (p<0.005). The exercise protocol used in this study im-paired the regeneration of the median nerve and negatively influenced the functional recovery.
Effects of a sport competition on acute affective response in wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Park Sihwa , Jee Yong-Seok , Hwang Gwang-Yon
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sport game outcomes on acute affective responses in injured veterans. Twenty- three wheelchair basketball players (mean age, 38.39± 11.78 years) participated in this study and were divided into two groups: game winner group (n= 12) and game loser group (n= 11). All participants completed the Physical Activity Affect Scale immediately before and after participation in the first game of a wheelchair basketball tournament. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to examine a significant difference in acute affective responses between the groups and over time within each group. The losers experienced significantly higher negative affect and lower positive affect at the end of the first game compared to the winners. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that the experience of losing may diminish the positive effect that sport participation can have.
Isometric strength of upper limb muscles in youth using hand-held and hand-grip dynamometry
Authors: Mendez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Ruiz-Gutierrez Arturo , Salas-Villar Sebastian , Guzman-Muñoz Eduardo , Sazo-Rodriguez Sergio , Urbina-Santibáñez Eric
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to determine the isometric strength profile of the upper limb muscles of children and adolescents between 7–15 years of age. Furthermore, to (a) identify the age at which differences in strength are observed between sexes; to (b) determine the age range at which significant progression of strength could be observed; and (c) identify the role of each muscle on the total upper limb strength. Cross- sectional study that evaluated the isometric strength of nine muscle groups of the upper limb of 243 Chilean children, split into 9 age groups, separated by 1-year intervals. For this, hand-held dynamometry and hand-grip dynamometry were used. A two-factor analysis of variance for the maximum isometric strength and a stepwise multiple linear re-gression analysis were performed. From 11 years of age, wrist flexors were the first muscle group that revealed a significant difference in iso-metric strength in favor of boys (p=0.0143). In boys, the narrowest and earliest age range in the progression of isometric strength was 10 to 12 years for wrist flexors (p=0.0392). Shoulder flexors was the main factor that explained the performance of the total upper limb strength (R 2=0.742; p<0.001). The most progressive isometric strength develop-ment occurred from age 10 years in the ventral and distal muscles of the upper limb; and from this age the boys begin to present a greater isometric strength than girls. In addition, the isometric strength of shoul-der flexors explained the higher total upper limb strength performance.
Effects of exercise and microbiota transplant on the memory of obesity-induced mice
Authors: Park Sang-Seo , Kim Seong-Hyun , Kim Chang-Ju , Shin Mal-Soon , Park Yun-Jin , Kim Tae-Woon
Published: June 2022

This study attempted to investigate the association between changes in the intestinal environment and the brain using a model that received aerobic exercise and microbiome transplantation. All mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat. For the obesity with nonexercise microbiome transplantation group, feces from donors that did not undergo exercise were administered. For the obesity with exercise microbiome trans-plantation group, feces from donors who underwent exercise were ad-ministered. Treadmill exercise started 16 weeks after the intake of the high fat feeding and continued for 24 weeks. The short-term memory and spatial learning memory were determined by step-down avoidance test and Morris water maze task, immunohistochemistry for glial fibril-lary acidic protein, western blot analysis for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B were performed in the hippo-campus. Exercise was the most effective way to reduce obesity, im-prove memory function, suppress inflammation, and increase brain-de-rived neurotrophic factor expression. Intestinal microbiota transplanta-tion was the second most effective after exercise. However, there was no significant difference in the fecal microbiota transplant group ac-cording to whether or not exercise was performed.
The effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, and microbiome in obese mice
Authors: Park Sang-Seo , Kim Tae-Woon , Kim Bo-Kyun , Kim Seong-Hyun , Park Jong-Suk , Shin Mal-Soon
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, serotonin synthesis, and microbiome in high-fat-induced obesity mice. Before the start of this experiment, obesity groups made obese mice by administering a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12 weeks. In the obesity with exercise group, after a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, exercise was performed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In the obesity with diet group, a high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety were determined by open field test and elevated plus maze test. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe, western blot analysis for phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-ATK), total AKT (t-AKT), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) in the hippocampus were performed. Analysis of microbiome was also conducted. Obesity-induced depression and anx-iety status, suppressed ratio of p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and in-hibited TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxi-ety status, activated p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and increased TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety sta-tus by increasing the insulin signaling pathway and promoting serotonin production. These effects of exercise and diet were almost similar. In addition, exercise and diet regulated the composition of gut microbiota.
Housing Finance in the Aftermath of the Foreign-Currency Mortgage Crisis in Eastern Europe: Editorial
Authors: Gagyi Agnes , Mikuš Marek
Published: June 2022

This special issue expands on the existing research on foreign-currency lending and the forex loan crisis in Eastern Europe by investigating other forms of housing-related finance and post-crisis developments. Bringing together hitherto disparate strands of research, our issue traces the linkages between macroeconomic developments, state measures, class dynamics, and social movements in the aftermath of the forex loan crises in Latvia, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Hungary as part of their long-term trajectories of housing finance. We find that despite different political-institutional articulations, these trajectories all feature a new expansion of lending based on a bifurcation of the credit market into more secure, often subsidised mortgage lending aimed at better-off debtors and more risky non-mortgage loans used for housing purposes by more precarious households.
The Quality of Everyday Eye Contact in Williams Syndrome: Insights From Cross-Syndrome Comparisons
Authors: Ridley Ellen , Arnott Bronia , Riby Deborah M. , Burt D. Michael , Hanley Mary , Leekam Susan R.
Published: June 2022

Past research shows that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have heightened and prolonged eye contact. Using parent report measures, we examined not only the presence of eye contact but also its qualitative features. Study 1 included individuals with WS (n = 22, ages 6.0–36.3). Study 2 included children with different neurodevelopmental (ND) conditions (WS, autism spectrum condition, fragile X syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and children with neurotypical development (NT; n = 262, ages 4.0–17.11). Unusual eye contact features, including staring, were found in approximately half of the WS samples. However, other features such as brief glances were frequently found in WS and in all ND conditions, but not NT. Future research in ND conditions should focus on qualitative as well as quantitative features of eye contact.
Symmetrical indoor visible light layout optimized by a modified grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Zuo Yihang , Liu Bojun , Shao Kunming
Published: June 2022

The indoor visible light communication system’s LED layout and power factor affect the uniformity of the received power. To reduce the mean square error (MSE) of received power, a symmetrical optimization strategy based on the modified grey wolf optimization algorithm (mGWO) is proposed and applied in the square, rectangular, and circular rooms with different numbers of LED arrays. The received power uniformity, SNR uniformity, bit error rate, and channel capacity of the optimized layout with the proposed method are improved compared to the classical layout. The comparison results show that the mGWO can find the optimal layout efficiently.
Optimal estimation framework for ocean color atmospheric correction and pixel-level uncertainty quantification
Authors: Ibrahim Amir , Franz Bryan A. , Sayer Andrew M. , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Zhang Minwei , Bailey Sean W. , McKinna Lachlan I. W. , Gao Meng , Werdell P. Jeremy
Published: June 2022

Ocean color (OC) remote sensing requires compensation for atmospheric
scattering and absorption (aerosol, Rayleigh, and trace gases),
referred to as atmospheric correction (AC). AC allows inference of
parameters such as spectrally resolved remote sensing reflectance
(

R

r
s

(
λ
)
;

s

r

−
1

) at the ocean surface from the
top-of-atmosphere reflectance. Often the uncertainty of this process
is not fully explored. Bayesian inference techniques provide a
simultaneous AC and uncertainty assessment via a full posterior
distribution of the relevant variables, given the prior distribution
of those variables and the radiative transfer (RT) likelihood
function. Given uncertainties in the algorithm inputs, the Bayesian
framework enables better constraints on the AC process by using the
complete spectral information compared to traditional approaches that
use only a subset of bands for AC. This paper investigates a Bayesian
inference research method (optimal estimation [OE]) for OC AC by
simultaneously retrieving atmospheric and ocean properties using all
visible and near-infrared spectral bands. The OE algorithm
analytically approximates the posterior distribution of parameters
based on normality assumptions and provides a potentially viable
operational algorithm with a reduced computational expense. We
developed a neural network RT forward model look-up table-based
emulator to increase algorithm efficiency further and thus speed up
the likelihood computations. We then applied the OE algorithm to
synthetic data and observations from the moderate resolution imaging
spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua spacecraft. We compared the

R

r
s

(
λ
)

retrieval and its uncertainty
estimates from the OE method with in-situ validation data from the
SeaWiFS bio-optical archive and storage system (SeaBASS) and aerosol
robotic network for ocean color (AERONET-OC) datasets. The OE
algorithm improved

R

r
s

(
λ
)

estimates relative to the NASA
standard operational algorithm by improving all statistical metrics at
443, 555, and 667 nm. Unphysical negative

R

r
s

(
λ
)

, which often appears in complex
water conditions, was reduced by a factor of 3. The OE-derived
pixel-level

R

r
s

(
λ
)

uncertainty estimates were also
assessed relative to in-situ data and were shown to have skill.
Construction of classification models for pathogenic bacteria based on LIBS combined with different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Sun Haorui , Yang Canran , Chen Youyuan , Duan Yixiang , Fan Qingwen , Lin Qingyu
Published: June 2022

Bacteria, especially foodborne pathogens, seriously threaten human life and health.
Rapid discrimination techniques for foodborne pathogens are still
urgently needed. At present, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(LIBS), combined with machine learning algorithms, is seen as fast
recognition technology for pathogenic bacteria. However, there is
still a lack of research on evaluating the differences between
different bacterial classification models. In this work, five species
of foodborne pathogens were analyzed via LIBS; then, the preprocessing
effect of five filtering methods was compared to improve accuracy. The
preprocessed spectral data were further analyzed with a support vector
machine (SVM), a backpropagation neural network (BP), and

k

-nearest neighbor (KNN). Upon
comparing the capacity of the three algorithms to classify pathogenic
bacteria, the most suitable one was selected. The signal-to-noise
ratio and mean square error of the spectral data after applying a
Savitzky–Golay filter reached 17.4540 and 0.0020, respectively. The
SVM algorithm, BP algorithm, and KNN algorithm attained the highest
classification accuracy for pathogenic bacteria, reaching 98%, 97%,
and 96%, respectively. The results indicate that, with the support of
a machine learning algorithm, LIBS technology demonstrates superior
performance, and the combination of the two is expected to be a
powerful tool for pathogen classification.
Recent Advances in Modeling Laser-Driven EUV Light Source Plasmas for Nanolithography
Authors: Sheil John , Hemminga Diko J. , Basko Mikhail M. , Ubachs Wim , Hoekstra Ronnie , Neukirch Amanda J. , Colgan James , Versolato Oscar O.
Published: June 2022

The light source in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tools is a hot and dense laser-driven plasma. We will give an overview of our recent work on modeling the radiative and expansion characteristics of these plasmas.
Material-specific ptychographic imaging at 13.5 nm using a high-order harmonic source
Authors: Eschen Wilhelm , Loetgering Lars , Schuster Vittoria , Klas Robert , Kirsche Alexander , Berthold Lutz , Steinert Michael , Pertsch Thomas , Gross Herbert , Krause Michael , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: June 2022

We present a high-harmonic driven ptychographic EUV microscope operating at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. Sub-20 nm resolution is demonstrated and the accurate amplitude and phase images are harnessed to identify multiple materials of an integrated circuit.
Femtosecond laser induced damaging inside fused silica detected by a single-pulse ultrafast measurement system
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Jiamin , Zhu Jinlong , Jiang Hao , Liu Shiyuan
Published: June 2022

The dynamics of damage inside the fused silica induced by a femtosecond laser has been characterized by a single-pulse ultrafast measurement system that is built upon the pump-probe mechanism. Our investigation disclosed the quantitative relationship between the size of the damaged area and the pulse energy. The dynamic measurement experiments showed that the radial size of the damaged area increased rapidly from 0 to 21 µm within ∼10 ps before stabilizing at 21 µm with the pulse energy of 1.1 mJ, which follows the rule of Boltzmann function. Moreover, we demonstrated that the structure inside the damaged area kept changing for about 200 ps before the formation of a double-void structure. The developed system alongside the proposed analysis method is expected to be of great importance in understanding the dynamics of laser-induced damage process in laser micromachining.
Optical cold damping of neutral nanoparticles near the ground state in an optical lattice
Authors: Kamba Mitsuyoshi , Shimizu Ryoga , Aikawa Kiyotaka
Published: June 2022

We propose and demonstrate purely optical feedback cooling of neutral nanoparticles in an optical lattice to an occupation number of 0.85 ± 0.20. The cooling force is derived from the optical gradients of displaced optical lattices produced with two sidebands on the trapping laser. To achieve highly accurate position observations required for cooling near the ground state, we reduce the laser intensity noise to a relative power noise of 6×10−8/Hz in a frequency band of 30 kHz to 600 kHz. We establish a reproducible method for neutralizing nanoparticles at high vacuum via a combination of discharging and irradiating an ultraviolet light. Our results form an important basis for the investigation of quantum mechanical properties of ultracold nanoparticles and are also useful for precision measurements with neutral nanoparticles.
Quasiperiodic light
Authors: Frazer Laszlo , Mercier Thomas M. , Krishnan Chirenjeevi , Xu Zhou , Liu Amelia C. Y. , Yuan Gangcheng , Kong Junhan , Lagoudakis Pavlos G. , Charlton Martin D. B. , Funston Alison M.
Published: June 2022

Quasiperiodicity is a form of spatial order that has been observed in quasicrystalline matter but not light. We construct a quasicrystalline surface out of a light emitting diode. Using a nanoscale waveguide as a microscope (NSOM), we directly image the light field at the surface of the diode. Here we show, using reciprocal space representations of the images, that the light field is quasiperiodic. We explain the structure of the light field with wave superposition. Periodic ordering is limited to at most six-fold symmetry. The light field exhibits 12-fold quasisymmetry, showing order while disproving periodicity. This demonstrates that a new class, consisting of projections from hyperspace, exists in the taxonomy of light ordering.
Propagation-invariant space-time supermodes in a multimode waveguide
Authors: Shiri Abbas , Webster Scott , Schepler Kenneth L. , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: June 2022

When an optical pulse is spatially localized in a highly multimoded
waveguide, its energy is typically distributed among a multiplicity of
modes, thus giving rise to a speckled transverse spatial profile that
undergoes erratic changes with propagation. It has been suggested
theoretically that pulsed multimode fields in which each wavelength is
locked to an individual mode at a prescribed axial wavenumber will
propagate invariantly along the waveguide at a tunable group velocity.
In this conception, an initially localized field remains localized
along the waveguide. Here, we provide proof-of-principle experimental
confirmation for the existence of this class of pulsed guided fields,
which we denote “space-time supermodes,” and verify their propagation
invariance in a planar waveguide. By superposing up to 21 modes, each
assigned to a prescribed wavelength, we construct space-time (ST)
supermodes in a 170-µm-thick planar glass waveguide with group indices
extending from

≈

1

to

≈

2

. The initial transverse width of the
field is 6 µm, and the waveguide length is 9.1 mm, which is

≈

257
×

the associated Rayleigh range. A
variety of axially invariant transverse spatial profiles are produced
by judicious selection of the modes contributing to the ST supermode,
including single-peak and multi-peak fields, dark fields (containing a
spatial dip), and even flat uniform intensity profiles.
Computational analysis of memory consolidation following inhibitory avoidance (IA) training in adult and infant rats: Critical roles of CaMKIIα and MeCP2
Authors: Zhang Yili , Smolen Paul , Alberini Cristina M. , Baxter Douglas A. , Byrne John H.
Published: June 2022

Key features of long-term memory (LTM), such as its stability and persistence, are acquired during processes collectively referred to as consolidation. The dynamics of biological changes during consolidation are complex. In adult rodents, consolidation exhibits distinct periods during which the engram is more or less resistant to disruption. Moreover, the ability to consolidate memories differs during developmental periods. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying consolidation are poorly understood, the initial stages rely on interacting signaling pathways that regulate gene expression, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) dependent feedback loops. We investigated the ways in which these pathways may contribute to developmental and dynamical features of consolidation. A computational model of molecular processes underlying consolidation following inhibitory avoidance (IA) training in rats was developed. Differential equations described the actions of CaMKIIα, multiple feedback loops regulating BDNF expression, and several transcription factors including methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), and SIN3 transcription regulator family member A (Sin3a). This model provides novel explanations for the (apparent) rapid forgetting of infantile memory and the temporal progression of memory consolidation in adults. Simulations predict that dual effects of MeCP2 on the expression ofbdnf, and interaction between MeCP2 and CaMKIIα, play critical roles in the rapid forgetting of infantile memory and the progress of memory resistance to disruptions. These insights suggest new potential targets of therapy for memory impairment.
Increasing reproducibility, robustness, and generalizability of biomarker selection from meta-analysis using Bayesian methodology
Authors: Kalesinskas Laurynas , Gupta Sanjana , Khatri Purvesh
Published: June 2022

A major limitation of gene expression biomarker studies is that they are not reproducible as they simply do not generalize to larger, real-world, heterogeneous populations. Frequentist multi-cohort gene expression meta-analysis has been frequently used as a solution to this problem to identify biomarkers that are truly differentially expressed. However, the frequentist meta-analysis framework has its limitations–it needs at least 4–5 datasets with hundreds of samples, is prone to confounding from outliers and relies on multiple-hypothesis corrected p-values. To address these shortcomings, we have created a Bayesian meta-analysis framework for the analysis of gene expression data. Using real-world data from three different diseases, we show that the Bayesian method is more robust to outliers, creates more informative estimates of between-study heterogeneity, reduces the number of false positive and false negative biomarkers and selects more generalizable biomarkers with less data. We have compared the Bayesian framework to a previously published frequentist framework and have developed a publicly available R package for use.
Data-based stochastic modeling reveals sources of activity bursts in single-cell TGF-β signaling
Authors: Kolbe Niklas , Hexemer Lorenz , Bammert Lukas-Malte , Loewer Alexander , Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Legewie Stefan
Published: June 2022

Cells sense their surrounding by employing intracellular signaling pathways that transmit hormonal signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. TGF-β/SMAD signaling encodes various cell fates, controls tissue homeostasis and is deregulated in diseases such as cancer. The pathway shows strong heterogeneity at the single-cell level, but quantitative insights into mechanisms underlying fluctuations at various time scales are still missing, partly due to inefficiency in the calibration of stochastic models that mechanistically describe signaling processes. In this work we analyze single-cell TGF-β/SMAD signaling and show that it exhibits temporal stochastic bursts which are dose-dependent and whose number and magnitude correlate with cell migration. We propose a stochastic modeling approach to mechanistically describe these pathway fluctuations with high computational efficiency. Employing high-order numerical integration and fitting to burst statistics we enable efficient quantitative parameter estimation and discriminate models that assume noise in different reactions at the receptor level. This modeling approach suggests that stochasticity in the internalization of TGF-β receptors into endosomes plays a key role in the observed temporal bursting. Further, the model predicts the single-cell dynamics of TGF-β/SMAD signaling in untested conditions, e.g., successfully reflects memory effects of signaling noise and cellular sensitivity towards repeated stimulation. Taken together, our computational framework based on burst analysis, noise modeling and path computation scheme is a suitable tool for the data-based modeling of complex signaling pathways, capable of identifying the source of temporal noise.
To eliminate trachoma: Azithromycin mass drug administration coverage and associated factors among adults in Goro district, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Tadele , Bekele Desalegn , Tura Birhanu , Adem Ahmednur , Nugusu Fikadu
Published: June 2022

Background

Globally, although effective prevention strategies and treatment are available, trachoma remains the major cause of infectious loss of sight. Trachoma is a predominant neglected disease in Ethiopia, and there is a 40.4% prevalence of active trachoma in the Goro district, Southeast Ethiopia. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends azithromycin mass treatment of at least 80% coverage to eliminate trachoma, even though the coverage of azithromycin mass treatment has not been studied yet in depth. Thus, this study aimed to assess the coverage and factors influencing azithromycin mass treatment uptake among adults in Goro district, Southeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1st to April 30th, 2021 among all adults aged 15 years old and above. The multistage sampling technique was used to select 593 study respondents. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare the strength and the significance of association, respectively.

Results/Principal findings

Five hundred and seventy eight study participants with a 97% response rate were included. The proportion of azithromycin mass drug administration coverage was found to be 75.80%; 95% CI: (72%-79%) in this study. Having better knowledge about trachoma (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.19–4.70), having better knowledge about azithromycin mass treatment (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 2.19–7.98), being educated (AOR = 7.20; 95% CI: 1.02–51.09), a campaign conducted at the quiet time (off-harvesting/planting season) (AOR = 6.23; 95% CI: 3.23–11.98), heard about the serious adverse effect from others (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.10–0.59) and being a volunteer to take azithromycin in the next campaign (AOR = 5.46; 95% CI: 2.76–10.79) were significantly associated with azithromycin mass drug administration coverage.

Conclusions/Significance

The proportion of azithromycin mass treatment coverage of this study was lower than the WHO minimum target coverage. Thus, strengthening awareness, enhancing azithromycin mass trachoma treatment messages, and conducting campaigns off-season outside of harvesting and planting time should be prioritized in the future to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target.
Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels
Authors: Hanton Andrew John , Scott Fiona , Stenzel Katharina , Nausch Norman , Zdesenko Grace , Mduluza Takafira , Mutapi Francisca
Published: June 2022

Cytokines mediate T-helper (TH) responses that are crucial for determining the course of infection and disease. The expression of cytokines is regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Here we present the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine and TF genes in a Zimbabwean population, and further relate SNPs to susceptibility to schistosomiasis and cytokine levels. Individuals (N = 850) were genotyped for SNPs across the cytokinesIL4,IL10,IL13,IL33, andIFNG, and their TFsSTAT4,STAT5A/B,STAT6,GATA3,FOXP3, andTBX21to determine allele frequencies. Circulatory levels of systemic and parasite-specific IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFNγ were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Schistosoma haematobiuminfection was determined by enumerating parasite eggs excreted in urine by microscopy. SNP allele frequencies were related to infection status by case-control analysis and logistic regression, and egg burdens and systemic and parasite-specific cytokine levels by analysis of variance and linear regression. Novel findings were i)IL4rs2070874*T’s association with protection from schistosomiasis, as carriage of ≥1 allele gave an odds ratio of infection of 0.597 (95% CIs, 0.421–0.848, p = 0.0021) andIFNGrs2069727*G’s association with susceptibility to schistosomiasis as carriage of ≥1 allele gave an odds ratio of infection of 1.692 (1.229–2.33, p = 0.0013). NeitherIL4rs2070874*T norIFNGrs2069727*G were significantly associated with cytokine levels. This study found TH2-upregulating SNPs were more frequent among the Zimbabwean sample compared to African and European populations, highlighting the value of immunogenetic studies of African populations in the context of infectious diseases and other conditions, including allergic and atopic disease. In addition, the identification of novel infection-associated alleles in both TH1- and TH2-associated genes highlights the role of both in regulating and controlling responses toSchistosoma.
Use of autobiographical stimuli as a mood manipulation procedure: Systematic mapping review
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Dolores , Toledano-González Abel , Ros Laura , Latorre José M.
Published: June 2022

Background

In recent years, mood induction procedures have been developed in experimental settings that are designed to facilitate studying the impact of mood states on biological and psychological processes. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic mapping review with the intention of describing the state of the art in the use of different types of autobiographical stimuli for mood induction procedures.

Methods

Based on a search for publications from the period 2000–2021, conducted in four recognised databases (Scopus, Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO and Web of Science), we analysed a total of 126 published articles. Text mining techniques were used to extract the main themes related.

Results

The induction of emotions through autobiographical memories is an area under construction and of growing interest. The data mining approach yielded information about the main types of stimuli used in these procedures, highlighting those that only employ a single type of cue, as well as the preference for verbal cues over others such as musical, olfactory and visual cues. This type of procedure has been used to induce both positive and negative emotions through tasks that require access to personal memories of specific events from a cue, requiring the person to set in motion different cognitive processes. The use of the latest technologies (fMRI, EEG, etc.) is also shown, demonstrating that this is a cutting-edge field of study.

Conclusions

Despite the study of mood induction procedures still being a growing field, the present review provides a novel overview of the current state of the art in the field, which may serve as a framework for future studies on the topic.
Pooled incidence and case-fatality of acute stroke in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Fan , Blackberry Irene , Yao Liqing , Xie Haiyan , Rasekaba Tshepo , Mnatzaganian George
Published: June 2022

Background

Stroke incidence and case-fatality in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao vary by geographic region and rates often differ across and within regions. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SR) estimated the pooled incidence and short-term case-fatality of acute first ever stroke in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao.

Methods

Longitudinal studies published in English or Chinese after 1990 were searched in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SinoMed and CQVIP. The incidence was expressed as Poisson means estimated as the number of events divided by time at risk. Random effect models calculated the pooled incidence and pooled case-fatality. Chi-squared trend tests evaluated change in the estimates over time. When possible, age standardised rates were calculated. Percent of variation across studies that was due to heterogeneity rather than chance was tested using the I2 statistic.The effect of covariates on heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regressions. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Egger’s tests.

Results

Overall, 72 studies were included. The pooled incidences of total stroke (TS), ischaemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS) were 468.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 163.33–1346.11), 366.79 (95% CI: 129.66–1037.64) and 106.67 (95% CI: 55.96–203.33) per 100,000 person-years, respectively, varied according to the four economic regions (East Coast, Central China, Northeast and Western China) with the lowest rates detected in the East Coast. Increased trends over time in the incidence of TS and IS were observed (p<0.001 in both). One-month and three-to-twelve-month case-fatalities were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04–0.18) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12–0.17), respectively for IS; and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26–0.45) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18–0.32), respectively for HS. One-month case-fatality of IS and HS decreased over time for both (p<0.001). Three-to-twelve-month fatalities following IS increased over time (p<0.001). Publication bias was not found.

Conclusions

Regional differences in stroke incidence were observed with the highest rates detected in less developed regions. Although 1-month fatality following IS is decreasing, the increased trends in 3-12-month fatality may suggest an inappropriate long-term management following index hospital discharge.

Registration

Registration-URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Reference code: CRD42020170724
Comparing the reliability of different ICA algorithms for fMRI analysis
Authors: Wei Pengxu , Bao Ruixue , Fan Yubo
Published: June 2022

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been shown to be a powerful blind source separation technique for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sets. ICA can extract independent spatial maps and their corresponding time courses from fMRI data without a priori specification of time courses. Some popular ICA algorithms such as Infomax or FastICA generate different results after repeated analysis from the same data volume, which is generally acknowledged as a drawback for ICA approaches. The reliability of some ICA algorithms has been explored by methods such as ICASSO and RAICAR (ranking and averaging independent component analysis by reproducibility). However, the exact algorithmic reliability of different ICA algorithms has not been examined and compared with each other. Here, the quality index generated with ICASSO and spatial correlation coefficients were used to examine the reliability of different ICA algorithms. The results demonstrated that Infomax running 10 times with ICASSO could generate consistent independent components from fMRI data sets.
Balancing the scales: Preliminary investigation of total energy expenditure and daily metabolizable energy intake in Matschie’s tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei)
Authors: Dunham Noah T. , Koester Diana C. , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Rimbach Rebecca , Pontzer Herman
Published: June 2022

Matschie’s tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) is an endangered arboreal marsupial native to Papua New Guinea. Detailed field studies of its behavior and ecology are scarce due largely to its occupation of remote cloud forests and cryptic nature. Although this species has been in human care since the 1950s, much of its biology is still unknown. The currentex situpopulation is not sustainable due to health and reproductive problems, believed to stem largely from issues with diet and obesity. To better assess potential discrepancies between energy requirements and energy intake, we sought to 1) quantify total energy expenditure (TEE) of two zoo-housed Matschie’s tree kangaroos (body mass = 9.0–9.7 kg) on a diet composed largely of leafy browse; 2) quantify food and macronutrient intake, apparent dry matter macronutrient digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) intake over a 14-month period; and 3) test for seasonal changes in ME intake due to seasonal differences in the varieties of leafy browse offered. Using the doubly labeled water method, we determined TEE for the female (288 kcal day-1) and male (411 kcal day-1). Resulting mean TEE was well below the expected value for marsupials and macropods (i.e., ~60% of the expected value based on body mass). The mean calculated ME intakes for the female and male were 307 kcal day-1and 454 kcal day-1, respectively. There were significant seasonal differences in ME intakes, driven by reduced intake in the autumn. These results demonstrate that Matschie’s tree kangaroos can be maintained at healthy body weights and conditions on fiber-rich and browse-heavy diets. Our findings contribute important insights into tree kangaroo energetics and physiology and can be applied to help reformulate the diet of Matschie’s tree kangaroos at captive facilities to improve population health and sustainability.
What I Did for Love: The Double (Half) Life of Mr. Lavern Cummings
Authors: Leifheit Matthew
Published: June 2022

An interview with Dennis McBride about female impersonator Paul Lavern Cummings and queer archives more broadly.
Dancing Through the Archive: Researching René Highway’s Final Choreography: Prism, Mirror, Lens
Authors: Mumford Cara
Published: June 2022

An essay exploring the last work by dancer and choreographer René Highway, in the context of indigenous art of his time, via the author’s own work as a filmmaker.
Afterworlding: On Curating a Dead Writer
Authors: Stageberg Mia Kirsi
Published: June 2022

An essay about the life and work of multitalented poet Itzolin Valdemar García, and the emotional and intellectual work of his mother in assembling a posthumous collection of his work, Book of Itzolin.
Ghost in the Machine: Remembering Donald Ghostkeeper Âhasiw Maskêgon-Iskwêw
Authors: Stimson Adrian
Published: June 2022

An essay about the life and legacy of pioneering indigenous media artist Âhasiw Maskêgon-Iskwêw, including the author’s own re-performance of his performance White Shame (1992).
Queer Memory Beyond the Archive: Reading LGBTQ Pasts on Screen Towards Queer Futures
Authors: Demus Axelle
Published: June 2022

A review of Anamarija Horvat’s 2021 book, Screening Queer Memory: LGBTQ Pasts in Contemporary Film and Television, in which she sets out to examine how queer memory is represented on and created by contemporary US and UK film and television. In this review, the author examines the claims and goals of the book, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.
Escape room digital para el desarrollo del aprendizaje colaborativo en educación superior
Authors: Bilbao-Quintana Naiara , Romero-Andonegui Ainara , Portillo-Berasaluce Javier , López-de-la-Serna Arantzazu
Published: June 2022

La integración de nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje basado en juego, como el caso de los escape rooms digitales, pueden mejorar los procesos cognitivos, la motivación, el plano emocional y el ámbito social.  En este estudio se ha desarrollado un modelo para investigar la influencia de los factores motivacionales en la intención de utilizar los escapes room en educación superior y su influencia sobre el aprendizaje colaborativo. 238 estudiantes de los Grados de Educación Infantil, Primaria y Social participaron en la experiencia. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación ex post facto basado en el método de encuesta y se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y de regresión. Los resultados señalan que el disfrute y la utilidad percibida son los factores que más se relacionan con que el escape room se perciba como facilitador del trabajo y aprendizaje colaborativo. Sin embargo, la facilidad de uso del escape no es una variable que influye en el trabajo en equipo, ni en el grado de aceptación del escape. Se concluye que el placer y el disfrute que produce el escape room digital aumenta la intención de uso y con ello el compromiso para trabajar y aprender en grupo.
SOBRE A SOBERANIA E A GOVERNANÇA: ITINERÁRIOS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE NOVOS CONCEITOS
Authors: Alves Angela Limongi Alvarenga
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: De acordo com a literatura tradicional, a soberania indica poder, especificamente, o poder exclusivo do Estado de criar o seu direito. Todavia, na atualidade, essa ideia começa a perder fôlego dando lugar a novas institucionalidades estabelecidas por meio de mecanismos de governança e soft law.Objetivo: Através dos itinerários percorridos pela soberania para a evolução do seu conceito, analisa-se essa construção teórica, objetivando-se identificar a soberania contemporânea, a fim de compreender como e em que medida o jogo de forças entre soberania e governança as transforma.Metodologia: A pesquisa utiliza método dedutivo e procedimento de revisão bibliográfica.Resultado: Revela-se uma incompatibilidade entre o cabedal teórico existente sobre a soberania e o seu conteúdo prático, elevando a governança a um conceito que lhe é análogo e, por fim, demonstrando que paralelamente ao Estado, outros sujeitos passam a compor a soberania, firmando um novo entendimento com a soberania estatal democrática.
A HETEROGENEIDADE DO ETHOS PÓS-CONVENCIONAL E A FUNÇÃO INTEGRADORA DO DIREITO: PARA UM MODELO HERMENÊUTICO NA ERA DA HIPERCOMPLEXIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Perrucci Adamo
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: O processo de dissolução do ethos, em que se sustentava a racionalidade moderna, põe a questão da reconstrução do consenso democrático numa sociedade secularizada e inserida na aldeia global, cujas expectativas de estabilização e integração contam com a regulamentação jurídica. Nessa seara, almeja-se repensar o paradigma do Estado Democrático de Direito, a ﬁm de se (re)legitimar a cooperação democrática e social em um contexto de crescente complexidade.

Objetivo: Objetiva-se apontar caminhos a serem trilhados, em termos de viabilização da práxis da reiteração democrática, como via de revitalização do legado normativo constitucional, que conte com uma adequada hermenêutica que atualize princípios constitucionais, nos quais se condensam os valores fundantes da comunidade político-jurídica. Isso ensejando um movimento circular hermenêutico que reative o “nós” político-jurídico, qual fonte legitimadora do convívio estatal que apela ao vetor emancipatório da dignidade humana.

Metodologia: Utilizou-se o método histórico-hermenêutico.

Resultado: Como resultado, traz-se uma maior adequação do aparelho conceitual do discurso político-jurídico ao estágio atual de desenvolvimento do Estado Democrático de Direito.