bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercised-based cardiac rehabilitation associates with lower all-cause mortality in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kleinnibbelink Geert , Buckley Benjamin J. R. , Harrison Stephanie L. , Williams Nefyn , Fazio-Eynullayeva Elnara , Underhill Paula , van Dijk Arie P. J. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Thijssen Dick H. J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Despite pharmacological therapies to improve outcomes of pulmonary hypertension (PH), poor long-term survival remains. Exercised-based cardiac rehabilitation (ExCR) may be an alternative strategy to improve prognosis. Therefore, using an electronic medical record (EMR) database, the objective of this study was to compare mortality between patients with primary PH with ExCR vs. propensity-matched PH patients without ExCR.

Methods

The retrospective analysis was conducted on February 15, 2023 using anonymized data within TriNetX, a global federated health research network. All patients were aged ≥18 years with primary PH recorded in EMRs with at least 1-year follow-up from ExCR. Using logistic regression models, patients with PH with an EMR of ExCR were 1:1 propensity score-matched with PH patients without ExCR for age, sex, race, and comorbidities, and cardiovascular care.

Results

In total, 109,736 patients with primary PH met the inclusion criteria for the control group and 784 patients with primary PH met the inclusion criteria for the ExCR cohort. Using the propensity score-matched cohorts, 1-year mortality from ExCR was proportionally lower with 13.6% (n = 101 of 744 patients) in the ExCR cohort compared to 23.3% (n = 174 of 747 patients) in the controls (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–0.68).

Conclusion

The present study of 1,514 patients with primary PH suggests that ExCR is associated with 48% lower odds of 1-year mortality, when compared to propensity score-matched patients without ExCR.
Case report: Acute audiovestibular presentation following hemi-pontine infarction
Authors: Koohi Nehzat , Haider Salman , Kharytaniuk Natallia , Werring David J , Bamiou Doris-Eva , Kaski Diego
Published: December 2023

Posterior circulation stroke is an uncommon cause of sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Anterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion results in ipsilateral peripheral audiovestibular dysfunction. Few reports describe posterior circulation stroke presenting with contralateral SSNHL and acute vestibular and focal neurological signs. We present a case of contralateral SSNHL and isolated acute central vestibular dysfunction in the absence of other central focal neurological deficits. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been described to date. The patient was identified to have asymmetrical SSNHL, subtle skew deviation with left head tilt, and significant refixation saccades on video head impulse test despite bilaterally normal vestibulo-ocular reflex gains. Left pontine infarct was suspected and confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated with an appropriate antiplatelet regimen. We highlight the importance of a thorough clinical diagnostic work-up as posterior circulation strokes with isolated audiovestibular deficits can be easily missed if other significant neurological deficits are absent.
Multi-institutional retrospective study investigating blood culture protocols and test positivity in 701 dogs
Authors: Ogrodny Andrzej J. , Mani Rinosh , Schmid Sarah M. , Gould Emily N. , Fellman Claire L. , DeStefano Ian , Shropshire Sarah , Haines Jillian M. , Bolton Timothy A. , Jablonski Sara A. , Jess Nicole , Cridge Harry
Published: December 2023

Objectives

(i) To determine the influence of specimen collection protocol (timing and specimen quantity), primary disease process, and pre-existing antimicrobial or immunosuppressive therapy on blood culture (BC) positivity and (ii) To determine agreement between urine culture and BC results.

Animals

701 client-owned dogs.

Methods

Multi-institutional retrospective study (2019–2022). Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to determine whether primary disease process, the number of BCs, or the timing of specimen collection was associated with BC positivity. Prediction plots were generated. Associations between urine culture and BC results were performed using logistic regression.

Results

Dogs with a positive urine culture were more likely to have a positive BC (OR: 4.36, 95% CI: 2.12–8.97,p= 0.003). Dogs that had three BC specimens had the greatest odds of obtaining a positive BC result (adjusted predictive value: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21–0.70), although this was not significant. Isolates from 38.5% of dogs with a positive BC had resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The timing between specimen collection had no significant association with BC positivity. Pre-existing antibiotic or immunosuppressive therapy had no significant association with BC positivity.

Clinical relevance

Dogs with a positive urine culture were more likely to have a positive BC result.
A Novel Physics-Informed Hybrid Modeling Method for Dynamic Vibration Response Simulation of Rotor–Bearing System
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Peng Cong , Yang Bingyun , Wang Yu
Published: December 2023

For rotor–bearing systems, their dynamic vibration models must be built to simulate the vibration responses that affect the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery under different operating conditions. Single physics-based modeling methods can be used to produce sufficient but inaccurate vibration samples at the cost of computational complexity. Moreover, single data-driven modeling methods may be more accurate, employing larger numbers of measured samples and reducing computational complexity, but these methods are affected by the insufficient and imbalanced samples in engineering applications. This paper proposes a physics-informed hybrid modeling method for simulating the dynamic responses of rotor–bearing systems to vibration under different rotor speeds and bearing health statuses. Firstly, a three-dimensional model of a rolling bearing and its supporting force are introduced, and a physics-based dynamic vibration model that couples flexible rotors and rigid bearings is constructed using multibody dynamics simulation. Secondly, combining the simulation vibration data obtained using the physics-based model with measured vibration data, algorithms are designed to learn vibration generation and data mapping networks in series connection to form a physics-informed hybrid model, which can quickly and accurately output the vibration responses of a rotor–bearing system. Finally, a case study on the single-span rotor platform is provided. By comparing the signal output by the proposed physics-informed hybrid modeling method with the measured signal in the time and frequency domains, the effectiveness of proposed method under both constant- and variable-speed operating conditions are illustrated.
Impact of Cypermethrin (Arpon G) on Soil Health and Zea mays Growth: A Microbiological and Enzymatic Study
Authors: Borowik Agata , Wyszkowska Jadwiga , Zaborowska Magdalena , Kucharski Jan
Published: December 2023

In defining the research objective, consideration was given to the expanding range of applications of third-generation pyrethroids, including cypermethrin—the active substance in Arpon G preparation. The interest in cypermethrin is due to its high thermostability and photostability. This study verified the effect of Arpon G on both the soil condition and the growth and development of Zea mays. To this end, the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities were characterized using the NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) method, as was the response of soil enzymes. The positive response of Z. mays to the soil application of cypermethrin corresponded to higher soil microbial and biochemical activity. Sowing the soil with Z. mays moderated changes in the biodiversity of alpha- and beta-bacterial communities to a greater extent than cypermethrin. The influence of both parameters was less significant for fungi. Although bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum and fungi from the Ascomycota phylum dominated in the soil, the use of Arpon G reduced the abundance of unique nucleotide sequences in the mycobiome to a greater extent than in the bacteriobiome. The inhibitory potential of Arpon G was only evident for acid phosphatase (by 81.49%) and arylsulfatase (by 16.66%) in the soil sown with Z. mays. The activity of catalase, dehydrogenases, β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and alkaline phosphatase was most strongly associated with the abundance of bacteria, while dehydrogenases were correlated with the abundance of fungi at the genus level. Arpon G can, thus, be considered a safe insecticide for soil conditions and, consequently, for its productive function.
Crop Tolerance under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Bela Krisztina
Published: December 2023

Crop tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses is a crucial aspect of agricultural research since it directly impacts global food security and crop production sustainability [...]
Comprehensive Evaluation and Main Identification Indexes of Herbicide Resistance of High-Quality Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Song Xi’e , Wang Hao , Dong Qianhui , Qiu Tian , Shi Chongyan , Li Xiaorui , Dong Shuqi , Zhao Juan , Guo Pingyi , Yuan Xiangyang
Published: December 2023

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important crop grown worldwide as a food and fodder crop owing to its potential nutritional and feed values. High-efficiency herbicide varieties is crucial to achieving efficient weeding and ensuring successful foxtail millet production. Herbicides affect several morphological and physiological indicators of foxtail millet. In this study we aimed to evaluate the damage caused by herbicides, improve their effectiveness, and select indicators that accurately reflect herbicide resistance in foxtail millet. Jingu 21, which has the largest planting area in Shanxi province and even the whole of China, is selected as the experimental material to be sown in the field in 2022. A total of 31 herbicides were applied, and 21 traits, including morphological, physiological, and yield-component traits, were measured to assess millet resistance. Principal component analysis was employed to transform these 21 conventional traits into seven independent and comprehensive indexes. These indexes were screened using regression analysis, resulting in the selection of the following indicators: the surface area of the second leaf from the top, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll (a + b), grain weight per ear, and yield. Through membership function and cluster analyses, the resistance of Jingu 21 to 31 herbicides was divided into five categories: extremely weakly resistant, weakly resistant, moderately resistant, strongly resistant, and extremely strongly resistant. Jingu 21 exhibited extremely strong resistance to lactofen, butachlor, and anilofos. After an investigation into the effectiveness of herbicides, it was found that eight herbicides had good effects.
Change Trend and Attribution Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration under Climate Change in the Northern China
Authors: Guo Daxin , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Manevski Kiril , Pullens Johannes W. M. , Li Aoxiang , Liu Enke
Published: December 2023

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0), an essential variable used to estimate crop evapotranspiration, is expected to change significantly under climate change. Detecting and attributing the change trend in ET0 to underlying drivers is therefore important to the adoption of agricultural water management under climate change. In this study, we focus on a typical agricultural region of the Fenwei Plain in northern China and use the Mann–Kendall test and contribution rate to detect the change and trend in ET0 at annual and seasonal scales and determine the major contribution factors to ET0 change for the baseline period (1985–2015) and the future period (2030–2060) based on high-resolution gridded data and climatic data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The results indicate that the annual ET0 of the Fenwei Plain showed a significant decreasing trend in the baseline period but insignificant and significant increasing trends in the future period under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The annual ET0 of the plain under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios increase by 4.6% and 3.0%, respectively, compared to the baseline period. The change and trend in ET0 between the four seasons are different in the baseline and future periods. Winter and autumn show clear increases in ET0. VPD is the major contribution factor to the ET0 change in the plain. The change in ET0 is mainly driven by the climatic variables that change the most rather than by the climatic variables that are the most sensitive to the ET0 change. The change and trend in ET0 in the plain showed clear spatial differences, especially between the eastern and western area of the plain. To adapt to the impact of climate change on ET0, the irrigation schedule of the crops cultivated in the plain, the cropping system and management of the irrigation district in the plain need to be adjusted according to the change characteristics of spatial and temporal ET0 in the future. These results contribute to understanding the impacts of climate change on evapotranspiration in the study region and provide spatial and temporal references for adaptation in managing agricultural water use and crop cultivation under climate change.
Differential Toxicity Responses between Hepatopancreas and Gills in Litopenaeus vannamei under Chronic Ammonia-N Exposure
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Jianyong , Zhuo Hongbiao , Lin Lanting , Li Jinyan , Fu Shuo , Xue Haiqiong , Wen Haimin , Zhou Xiaoxun , Guo Chaoan , Wu Guangbo
Published: December 2023

Ammonia nitrogen is one of the main toxic substances in aquatic cultivation environments. Chronic exposure to excessive amounts of ammonia-N creates toxic consequences, retarding the growth of aquatic organisms. This study investigated the growth performance, morphological and physiological alterations, and transcriptome changes in the hepatopancreas and gills of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate (p > 0.05), whereas growth performance was reduced significantly in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Significant structural damage and vacuolation occurred in hepatopancreas and gill tissues in the treated groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase content were significantly increased by chronic ammonia-N exposure in the two tissue groups. In addition, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly altered in the hepatopancreas groups (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in the gill groups (p > 0.05). There were 890 and 1572 differentially expressed genes identified in the hepatopancreas (treated versus control groups) and gills (treated versus control groups), respectively, of L. vannamei under chronic ammonia-N exposure. Functional enrichment analysis revealed associations with oxidative stress, protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and different serine proteases. The gills maintained cellular homeostasis mainly through high expression of cytoskeleton and transcription genes, whereas the hepatopancreas down-regulated related genes in the ribosome, proteasome, and spliceosome pathways. These genes and pathways are important in the biosynthesis and transformation of living organisms. In addition, both tissues maintained organismal growth primarily through lipid metabolism, which may serve as an effective strategy for ammonia-N resistance in L. vannamei. These results provided a new perspective in understanding the mechanisms of ammonia-N resistance in crustaceans.
Combination of CT-Guided Microwave Ablation and Cementoplasty as a Minimally Invasive Limb-Sparing Approach in a Dog with Appendicular Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sayag David , Jacques David , Thierry Florence , Castell Yoann , Aumann Marcel , Gauthier Olivier , Wavreille Vincent , Tselikas Lambros
Published: December 2023

Image-guided microwave ablation and cementoplasty are minimally invasive techniques that have been used as part of a limb-sparing approach in the treatment of appendicular bone tumors in humans. The objective of this case report was to describe the feasibility and result of microwave ablation (MWA) and cementoplasty in a dog with stage-1 osteoblastic appendicular osteosarcoma of the right distal radius. A microwave antenna was inserted in the osteolytic area using computed tomography (CT) guidance. Three ablation cycles of 5 min at 60 watts were performed. Immediately after the MWA procedure, a tricalcium phosphate-based cement was injected through the bone trocar to consolidate the ablated zone. Adjuvant chemotherapy with six sessions of carboplatin was performed, without major complication. Response to the treatment was evaluated according to RECIST criteria every 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after MWA, the dog was pain-free and had excellent mobility. Based on CT measurements, a reduction of the size of the lytic area was observed at the 2-month and at the 7-month follow-up (from 13% to 25% of the longest diameter), classified as stable disease according to RECIST criteria. The dog died 18 months after the initial diagnosis due to distant metastases.
BLV-miR-B1-5p Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion to Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting MUC1
Authors: Lian Shuai , Liu Pengfei , Li Xiao , Lv Guanxin , Song Jiahe , Zhang Han , Wu Rui , Wang Di , Wang Jianfa
Published: December 2023

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widely prevalent worldwide and can persistently infect mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows, leading to reduced cellular antimicrobial capacity. BLV-encoded microRNAs (BLV-miRNAs) can modify host genes and promote BLV replication. We previously showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p significantly promoted Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells; however, the pathway responsible for this effect remained unclear. This study aims to examine how BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes S. aureus adhesion to MAC-T cells via miRNA target gene prediction and validation. Target site prediction showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target the mucin family gene mucin 1 (MUC1). Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and dual luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target and inhibit the expression of MUC1 in bovine MAC-T cells while interfering with the expression of MUC1 promoted S. aureus adhesion to MAC-T cells. These results indicate that BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes S. aureus adhesion to mammary epithelial cells by targeting MUC1.
Simulator-Assisted Training of Abomasal Surgery—A Pilot Study Using Blended Learning and Face-to-Face Teaching
Authors: Muehlberg Julia , Tipold Andrea , Heppelmann Maike , Wissing Sandra
Published: December 2023

Two stimulators were developed, one simplified and one realistic, in the present study for learning abomasal surgery for veterinary students. The simulators were tested in a pilot study: The upcoming blended learning format was compared with traditional face-to-face teaching. A total of 21 5th-year students participated in the study. While one group learned the surgical technique in traditional face-to-face simulator training, the second group completed interactive video training asynchronously. Afterwards, skills were examined in person. The results showed that the different groups did not lead to different performance results. Participation in the study increased self-assessment of skills by an average of about 7 of 36 points, as well as the learning success and motivation of students in both groups. The simulators developed were well liked by the students and rated as appropriate by 12 practicing bovine veterinarians. The pilot study indicates that blended learning could be a suitable alternative to traditional face-to-face teaching. This should be followed by further research to support the use of blended learning in the veterinary education of clinical skills.
Nrf2 Mitigates RANKL and M-CSF Induced Osteoclast Differentiation via ROS-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Zhiyuan , Wu Jinzhi , Bao Simeng , Wang Yanshuai , Li Jiliang , Song Tao , Sun Yongxin , Pi Jingbo
Published: December 2023

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation, but the precise mechanisms have not yet been established. We examined the precise roles of Nrf2 in regulating antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, especially the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In the current study, we found that the absence of Nrf2 promotes osteoclast differentiation in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) significantly lowered the levels of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes at mRNA and/or protein levels during osteoclast differentiation in the BMMs of mice and RAW 264.7 mouse leukemic monocytes. Compared to the wild-type cells, Nrf2-deficient cells exhibited heightened sensitivity to both transient RANKL-induced cytoplasmic ROS and prolonged RANKL and M-CSF-induced cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidant agents, including N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), and mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ), exhibited substantial capability to suppress the elevation of ROS levels during osteoclast differentiation induced by Nrf2 deficiency, and they consequently inhibited osteoclast differentiation augmented by the lack of Nrf2. The activation of phosphorylated c-FOS resulting from elevated ROS promoted osteoclast differentiation. The inhibition of c-FOS blocked osteoclast differentiation, which was elevated by Nrf2-deficiency. Taken together, these data reveal that Nrf2 effectively decreased the accumulation of intracellular ROS and the phosphorylation of c-FOS during osteoclastic differentiation by regulating antioxidant enzymes and subsequently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.
Multi-Omics Analysis to Understand the Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins on Antioxidant Capacity, Muscle Nutrients, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Microbiota in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Jia Rui , Hou Yiran , Feng Wenrong , Nomingerel Munkhjargal , Li Bing , Zhu Jian
Published: December 2023

Proanthocyanidins (Pros), a natural polyphenolic compound found in grape seed and other plants, have received significant attention as additives in animal feed. However, the specific mechanism by which Pros affect fish health remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary Pro on common carp by evaluating biochemical parameters and multi-omics analysis. The results showed that Pro supplementation improved antioxidant capacity and the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) and several bioactive compounds. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that dietary Pro caused an upregulation of the sphingolipid catabolic process and the lysosome pathway, while simultaneously downregulating intestinal cholesterol absorption and the PPAR signaling pathway in the intestines. Compared to the normal control (NC) group, the Pro group exhibited higher diversity in intestinal microbiota and an increased relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Pirellula. Furthermore, the Pro group had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a decreased relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Collectively, dietary Pro improved antioxidant ability, muscle nutrients, and the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. The regulation of lipid metabolism and improvement in muscle nutrients were linked with changes in the intestinal microbiota.
Resource-Aware Federated Hybrid Profiling for Edge Node Selection in Federated Patient Similarity Network
Authors: Navaz Alramzana Nujum , Kassabi Hadeel T. El , Serhani Mohamed Adel , Barka Ezedin S.
Published: December 2023

The widespread adoption of edge computing for resource-constrained devices presents challenges in computational straggler issues, primarily due to the heterogeneity of edge node resources. This research addresses these issues by introducing a novel resource-aware federated hybrid profiling approach. This approach involves classifying edge node resources with relevant performance metrics and leveraging their capabilities to optimize performance and improve Quality of Service (QoS), particularly in real-time eHealth applications. Such paradigms include Federated Patient Similarity Network (FPSN) models that distribute processing at each edge node and fuse the built PSN matrices in the cloud, presenting a unique challenge in terms of optimizing training and inference times, while ensuring efficient and timely updates at the edge nodes. To address this concern, we propose a resource-aware federated hybrid profiling approach that measures the available static and dynamic resources of the edge nodes. By selecting nodes with the appropriate resources, we aim to optimize the FPSN to ensure the highest possible Quality of Service (QoS) for its users. We conducted experiments using edge performance metrics, i.e., accuracy, training convergence, memory and disk usage, execution time, and network statistics. These experiments uniquely demonstrate our work’s contribution to optimizing resource allocation and enhancing the performance of eHealth applications in real-time contexts using edge computing.
Integrating PubMed Label Hierarchy Knowledge into a Complex Hierarchical Deep Neural Network
Authors: Silvestri Stefano , Gargiulo Francesco , Ciampi Mario
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes an innovative method that exploits a complex deep learning network architecture, called Hierarchical Deep Neural Network (HDNN), specifically developed for the eXtreme Multilabel Text Classification (XMTC) task, when the label set is hierarchically organized, such as the case of the PubMed article labeling task. In detail, the topology of the proposed HDNN architecture follows the exact hierarchical structure of the label set to integrate this knowledge directly into the DNN. We assumed that if a label set hierarchy is available, as in the case of the PubMed Dataset, forcing this information into the network topology could enhance the classification performances and the interpretability of the results, especially related to the hierarchy. We performed an experimental assessment of the PubMed article classification task, demonstrating that the proposed HDNN provides performance improvement for a baseline based on a classic flat Convolution Neural Network (CNN) deep learning architecture, in particular in terms of hierarchical measures. These results provide useful hints for integrating previous and innate knowledge in a deep neural network. The drawback of the HDNN is the high computational time required to train the neural network, which can be addressed with a parallel implementation planned as a future work.
BA-YOLO for Object Detection in Satellite Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Kuilin , Liu Zhenze
Published: December 2023

In recent years, there has been significant progress in object detection within the domain of natural images. However, the field of satellite remote sensing images has consistently presented challenges due to its significant scale variations and complex background interference. Achieving satisfactory results by directly applying conventional image object detection models has proven to be difficult. To address these challenges, this paper introduces BA-YOLO, an improved version of the YOLOv8 object detection model. It incorporates several notable enhancements. Firstly, to fuse an increased number of features more effectively, we introduce the design concept of a higher-performing Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN). Secondly, to retain sufficient global contextual information, we integrated a module in BA-YOLO that combines multi-head self-attention and convolutional networks. Finally, we employed various data augmentation techniques such as Mixup, Cutout, Mosaic, and multi-scale training to enhance the model’s accuracy and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that BA-YOLO outperforms state-of-the-art detectors and has been evaluated on the DOTA dataset. BA-YOLO achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.722 on the DOTA dataset.
Anomaly Detection of Axial Piston Pump Based on the DTW-RCK-IF Composite Method Using Pressure Signals
Authors: Jiang Wanlu , Ma Liqiang , Zhang Peiyao , Zheng Yunfei , Zhang Shuqing
Published: December 2023

Axial piston pumps are critical components of hydraulic systems due to their compact design and high volumetric efficiency, making them widely used. However, they are prone to failure in harsh environments characterized by high pressure and heavy loads over extended periods. Therefore, detecting abnormal behavior in axial piston pumps is of significant importance. Traditional detection methods often rely on vibration signals from the pump casings; however, these signals are susceptible to external environmental interference. In contrast, pressure signals exhibit greater stability. In this study, we propose a novel anomaly detection method for axial piston pumps, referred to as DTW-RCK-IF, which combines dynamic time warping (DTW) for data segmentation, a random convolutional kernel (RCK) for feature extraction, and isolation forest (IF) for anomaly detection using pressure signals. The model is trained using normal operating data to enable the effective detection of abnormal states. First, the DTW algorithm is employed to segment the raw data, ensuring a high degree of similarity between the segmented data. Next, the random convolutional kernel approach is used in a convolutional neural network for feature extraction, resulting in features that are representative of normal operating conditions. Finally, the isolation forest algorithm calculates the anomaly scores for anomaly detection. Experimental simulations on axial piston pumps demonstrate that, compared with vibration signals, the DTW-RCK-IF approach using pressure signals yields superior results in detecting abnormal data, with an average F1 score of 98.79% and a good fault warning effect. Validation using the publicly available CWRU-bearing and XJTU-SY-bearing full-life datasets further confirms the effectiveness of this method, with average F1 scores of 99.35% and 99.73%, respectively, highlighting its broad applicability and potential for widespread use.
Enhancing Privacy in Large Language Model with Homomorphic Encryption and Sparse Attention
Authors: Zhang Lexin , Li Changxiang , Hu Qi , Lang Jingjing , Huang Sirui , Hu Linyue , Leng Jingwen , Chen Qiuhan , Lv Chunli
Published: December 2023

In response to the challenges of personal privacy protection in the dialogue models of the information era, this study introduces an innovative privacy-preserving dialogue model framework. This framework seamlessly incorporates Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technology with dynamic sparse attention (DSA) mechanisms, aiming to enhance the response efficiency and accuracy of dialogue systems without compromising user privacy. Experimental comparative analyses have confirmed the advantages of the proposed framework in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and latency, with values of 0.92, 0.91, 0.92, and 15 ms, respectively. In particular, the newly proposed DSA module, while ensuring data security, significantly improves performance by up to 100 times compared to traditional multi-head attention mechanisms.
Hand and Wrist Biomechanics
Authors: Gracia-Ibáñez Verónica , Jarque-Bou Néstor J. , Vergara Margarita
Published: December 2023

The complexity of the human hand enables us to carry out a huge variety of activities, providing us with functional independence [...]
Configuration Approaches of CFAST for Prediction of Smoke and Heat Detector Activation Times in Corridor Fires
Authors: Jang Hyo-Yeon , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: December 2023

In performance-based design for domestic buildings, there is a growing need for real-time comparison between the Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time through the integration of fire and evacuation simulations. Therefore, the utilization of the Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST) has been discussed as an alternative to the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which has high computational costs; requires sufficient experience in the numerical calculation of fire dynamics, along with various input parameters; and has limitations in coupling with evacuation simulations. In this study, the prediction performance of CFAST for the activation times of smoke and heat detectors was evaluated. Specifically, it is essential to configure the mass movement between adjacent computational regions for smoke concentration. For achieving adequate predictive performance, the temperature should be determined according to the ceiling jet velocity generated by the fire source. Therefore, a method for setting a computational domain that can produce reasonable prediction results while considering the characteristics of CFAST for different types of smoke and heat detectors is proposed.
Deep Learning-Based Consistent Object Detection in Distance on Highly Perspective Region
Authors: Lee Kyu Beom , Gong Jun Ho , Ryu Byung Hyun , Shin Hyu Soung
Published: December 2023

CCTVs are commonly used for traffic monitoring and accident detection, but their images suffer from severe perspective distortion causing object size reduction with distance. This issue is exacerbated in tunnel CCTVs, positioned low due to space constraints, leading to challenging object detection, especially for distant small objects, due to perspective effects. To address this, this study proposes a solution involving a region of interest setup and an inverse perspective transformation technique. The transformed images, achieved through this technique, enlarge distant objects, maintaining object detection performance and appearance velocity across distances. To validate this, artificial CCTV images were generated in a virtual tunnel environment, creating original and transformed image datasets under identical conditions. Comparisons were made between the appearance velocity and object size of individual vehicles and for deep learning model performance with multiple moving vehicles. The evaluation was conducted across four distance intervals (50 m to 200 m) from the tunnel CCTV location. The results reveal that the model using original images experiences a significant decline in object detection performance beyond 100 m, while the transformed image-based model maintains a consistent performance up to the distance of 200 m.
Recent Strengthening of the ENSO Influence on the Early Winter East Atlantic Pattern
Authors: Hou Jiayi , Fang Zheng , Geng Xin
Published: December 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated that the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Euro-Atlantic atmospheric circulation varies considerably during the boreal winter. Compared to the late winter (January–March) relationship, the early winter (November–December) teleconnection is more uncertain and less understood. In this paper, we revisited this early winter regional ENSO teleconnection using the Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5) datasets for the period 1979–2022. It was found that the signal projected well onto the second dominant mode of Euro-Atlantic atmospheric variability, the East Atlantic Pattern (EAP), rather than the previously mentioned North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This influence is associated with ENSO-induced dipolar convection anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (GMCA), which leads to an EAP via exciting Rossby waves propagating northward into the North Atlantic. We further revealed that this ENSO–EAP teleconnection underwent a pronounced interdecadal strengthening around the late 1990s. Prior to the late 1990s, the convective response to ENSO in the GMCA was weak. The atmospheric responses over the Euro-Atlantic were mainly driven by the ENSO-induced convective forcing in the tropical Indian Ocean, which favors an NAO-like pattern. In contrast, since the late 1990s, ENSO has induced stronger precipitation anomalies in the GMCA, which exert a dominant influence on the Euro-Atlantic atmospheric circulation and produce an EAP. These results have useful implications for the further understanding of ENSO-related early winter atmospheric and climate variability in the Euro-Atlantic region.
Oscillations of GW Activities in the MLT Region over Mid-Low-Latitude Area, Kunming Station (25.6° N, 103.8° E)
Authors: Li Na , Chen Jinsong , Wang Jianyuan , Zhao Lei , Ding Zonghua , He Guojin
Published: December 2023

Gravity wave (GW) activities play a prominent role in the complex coupling process of wave–wave and wave–background circulation around mid-low-latitude and equatorial areas. The wavelengths are wide, from about 10 m to 100 km, with a period from minutes to hours. However, the oscillations of GW activities are apparently different between the period bands of 0.1 to 1 h (HF) and 1 to 5 h (LF). To further understand the characteristics of GW activities, the neutral winds during 2008–2009 with a resolution of 3 min obtained from a medium-frequency (MF) radar in Kunming (25.6° N, 103.8° E) were analyzed. Using two numerical filters, the HF and LF GWs were estimated. Interestingly, the power spectral density grows larger as the frequency increases. It linearly falls with decreasing frequency when the period is less than 2 h. The seasonal variations in both HF and LF GWs are strongly demonstrated in August–September, November, and February–March with maximum meridional variances of 1100 m2 s−2 and 500 m2 s−2 and maximum zonal variances of 800 m2 s−2 and 350 m2 s−2 in, respectively. The turbulent velocity was also calculated and shows similar oscillations with GW activities. Furthermore, the GW propagation direction exhibits strong seasonal variations, which may be dependent on the location of the motivating source and background wind.
Assimilating Aeolus Satellite Wind Data on a Regional Level: Application in a Mediterranean Cyclone Using the WRF Model
Authors: Stathopoulos Christos , Chaniotis Ioannis , Patlakas Platon
Published: December 2023

This study uses a limited area model to improve the understanding of assimilating Aeolus Level 2B wind profiles on a regional level under severe weather conditions. Aeolus wind profile measurements have offered new insights into weather analysis and applications. The assimilation of Aeolus Level 2B winds has enhanced the observed state of the atmosphere spatially and temporally in global modeling systems. This work is focused on the development and evolution of a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone that occurred between 27–30 September 2018. Aeolus coverage had a good spatial and temporal alignment with the broader area and time periods during which the cyclone originated and developed, affording the opportunity to explore the direct influence of Aeolus satellite retrievals in model initialization processes. Using the WRF 3DVar modeling system, model results showcase the effects stemming from Aeolus data ingestion, with the main differences presenting after the first 24 h of simulation. Smaller or larger deviations in the runs with and without the Aeolus wind data assimilation are evident in most cyclonic characteristics, extending vertically up to the mid-troposphere. The absence of a consistent trend in cyclone intensification or weakening underlines the unique impact of the Aeolus dataset in each case.
Which Came First? When Usher Syndrome Type 1 Couples with Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Tesolin Paola , Santin Aurora , Morgan Anna , Lenarduzzi Stefania , Rubinato Elisa , Girotto Giorgia , Spedicati Beatrice
Published: December 2023

Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (HL), retinopathy, and vestibular areflexia, with variable severity. Although a high prevalence of behavioural and mental disorders in USH patients has been reported, few studies on these psychiatric and psychological issues have been conducted. This work describes the case of a 16-year-old boy affected by congenital bilateral sensorineural HL, presenting a suddenly altered behaviour concomitant with a decrease in visual acuity. To establish a molecular diagnosis, Whole-Exome Sequencing analysis was performed, detecting a pathogenetic homozygous variant (c. 5985C>A, p.(Tyr1995*)) within the CDH23 gene. CDH23 is a known USH type 1 causative gene, recently associated with schizophrenia-like symptoms and bipolar disorders. To date, no studies have provided evidence of a direct genotype–phenotype correlation between USH patients carrying CDH23 variants and mental/behavioural issues; however, considering the multiple biological functions of CDH23, it can be hypothesised that it could have a pleiotropic effect. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of a continuous clinical evaluation of USH patients, to monitor not only the disease progression, but to early detect any psychological or behavioural alterations, thus allowing a rapid implementation of therapeutic strategies aimed at improving their quality of life and well-being.
Waste to Medicine: Evidence from Computational Studies on the Modulatory Role of Corn Silk on the Therapeutic Targets Implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akoonjee Ayesha , Lanrewaju Adedayo Ayodeji , Balogun Fatai Oladunni , Makunga Nokwanda Pearl , Sabiu Saheed
Published: December 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and/or defective insulin production in the human body. Although the antidiabetic action of corn silk (CS) is well-established, the understanding of the mechanism of action (MoA) behind this potential is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the MoA in different samples (raw and three extracts: aqueous, hydro-ethanolic, and ethanolic) as a therapeutic agent for the management of T2DM using metabolomic profiling and computational techniques. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UP-LCMS), in silico techniques, and density functional theory were used for compound identification and to predict the MoA. A total of 110 out of the 128 identified secondary metabolites passed the Lipinski’s rule of five. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed the cAMP pathway as the hub signaling pathway, in which ADORA1, HCAR2, and GABBR1 were identified as the key target genes implicated in the pathway. Since gallicynoic acid (−48.74 kcal/mol), dodecanedioc acid (−34.53 kcal/mol), and tetradecanedioc acid (−36.80 kcal/mol) interacted well with ADORA1, HCAR2, and GABBR1, respectively, and are thermodynamically stable in their formed compatible complexes, according to the post-molecular dynamics simulation results, they are suggested as potential drug candidates for T2DM therapy via the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function.
Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts
Authors: Arias-Rodríguez Laura Isabel , Pablos Jesús L. , Vallet-Regí María , Rodríguez-Mendiola Martha A. , Arias-Castro Carlos , Sánchez-Salcedo Sandra , Salinas Antonio J.
Published: December 2023

The increasing interest in innovative solutions for addressing bone defects has driven research into the use of Bioactive Mesoporous Glasses (MBGs). These materials, distinguished by their well-ordered mesoporous structure, possess the capability to accommodate plant extracts with well-established osteogenic properties, including bovine lactoferrin (bLF), as part of their 3D scaffold composition. This harmonizes seamlessly with the ongoing advancements in the field of biomedicine. In this study, we fabricated 3D scaffolds utilizing MBGs loaded with extracts from parsley leaves (PL) and embryogenic cultures (EC), rich in bioactive compounds such as apigenin and kaempferol, which hold potential benefits for bone metabolism. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa) served as the polymer, and bLF was included in the formulation. Cytocompatibility, Runx2 gene expression, ALP enzyme activity, and biomineralization were assessed in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. MBGs effectively integrated PL and EC extracts with loadings between 22.6 ± 0.1 and 43.6 ± 0.3 µM for PL and 26.3 ± 0.3 and 46.8 ± 0.4 µM for EC, ensuring cell viability through a release percentage between 28.3% and 59.9%. The incorporation of bLF in the 3D scaffold formulation showed significant differences compared to the control in all assays, even at concentrations below 0.2 µM. Combinations, especially PL + bLF at 0.19 µM, demonstrated additive potential, with superior biomineralization compared to EC. In summary, this study highlights the effectiveness of MBGs in incorporating PL and EC extracts, along with bLF, into 3D scaffolds. The results underscore cytocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and biomineralization, offering exciting potential for future in vivo applications.
7-Methylxanthine Inhibits the Formation of Monosodium Urate Crystals by Increasing Its Solubility
Authors: Costa-Bauza Antonia , Grases Felix
Published: December 2023

Gout is characterized by the formation of monosodium urate crystals in peripheral joints. We carried out laboratory studies to investigate the effect of adding nine different methylxanthines and two different methylated uric acid derivatives on the development of these crystals over the course of 96 h in a medium whose composition was similar to that of synovial fluid. Our results showed that 7-methylxanthine reduced or totally prevented crystal formation; 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methyluric acid, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid had weaker effects, and the other molecules had no apparent effect. The presented results indicate that a 7-methylxanthine concentration of about 6 × 10−5 M (10 mg/L) prevented the formation of crystals for an initial urate concentration of 1.78 × 10−3 M (300 mg/L) in the presence of 0.4 M of Na+ for 96 h at 25 °C and a pH of 7.4. We attribute these results to alterations in thermodynamics, not kinetics. Our results suggest that prevention of crystallization in vivo could be achieved by direct oral administration of 7-methylxanthine or other methylxanthines that are metabolized to 7-methylxanthine. For example, the hepatic metabolism of theobromine leads to significant plasma levels of 7-methylxanthine (14% of the initial theobromine concentration) and 3-methylxanthine (6% of the initial theobromine concentration); however, 7-methyluric acid is present at very low concentrations in the plasma. It is important to consider that several of the specific molecules we examined (theobromine, caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, etophylline, and pentoxifylline) did not directly affect crystallization.