bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecturally robust MoWS2 and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets hybrid for high‐performance energy storage and conversion applications
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2022

The quench for the unremitting energy demand can be gratified by finding various substitute renewable energy sources and consequently safekeeping of these energies by energy storage devices. A variety of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials are being explored for the application of water splitting and supercapacitor among which MoWS2 has gained its spot with potential tunable properties. Herein, the synthesis of MoWS2 and its nanocomposite with Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets is carried out by a simplistic hydrothermal method involving two steps. The structural and morphological characteristics were investigated through several characterization tools like powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The MXene sheets act as a template for the growth of MoWS2 (MWS) nanosheets and could exhibit extraordinary supercapacitive and electrocatalytic activity. The highest specific capacitance achieved by the pseudocapacitive MoWS2@MXene (MWSM) was 259 F/g @0.2 A/g. Then the above‐mentioned negative electrode was again taken for asymmetric studies where CoSe2@CNT@rGO was preferred as a positive site electrode and the asymmetric device showed a specific energy of 14 Wh/kg at a specific power of 8 KW/kg with an excellent cycling stability and coulombic efficiency of 93% and 96% which was measured for 6000 cycles. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) studies displayed that only 186 mV of overpotential was required to attain 10 mA/cm2 of current density. The electrocatalyst also achieved a small Tafel slope of 52 mV/dec along with exceptional stability upto 12 hours. High porosity, ample electrochemical active sites, rapid charge transfer kinetics and barrier‐free passage for ion transfer resulted in the enhanced electrochemical activity of MoWS2@MXene electrode/electrocatalyst.
Estimating Recycling of Fish in Catch-and-Release Fisheries
Authors: Jones Thomas S , Jones Matthew I , Treml Melissa , Heinrich Thomas
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of catch-and-release angling for many species has increased over the past several decades. A potential benefit of catch-and-release fisheries is higher catches for anglers due to multiple captures of individual fish within a season. We term the measure of this benefit “recycling rate,” defined as the total catch in a fishing season divided by the number of individuals caught at least once. Multiple-capture studies are common in the literature, but our recycling rate is a new metric that could be helpful in evaluating recreational fisheries. Estimates of recycling rate will be dependent on several factors, especially the distribution of angling selectivities among individual fish, which is generally unknown. We compared several models that estimated recycling rate based on different assumptions about angling selectivity. Application of the models to Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu data from Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota, demonstrated that estimates of recycling rate were robust to assumptions about the distribution of angling selectivity.
Understanding intraday momentum strategies
Authors: Rosa Carlo
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the out‐of‐sample performance of the intraday momentum strategy where the overnight return predicts the return of the last half‐hour of trading. The predictability disappears in the out‐of‐sample period. A Markov‐switching model endogenously identifies two distinct regimes and suggests that the predictability depends on the strength of the signal. Hence, assessing return predictability in calendar time may lead to false conclusions when anomalies feature time‐varying returns. The paper documents that understanding the return dynamics is important for an effective strategy implementation. A strategy with thresholds delivers higher returns than a strategy that is always active.
Alterations of voxel‐wise spontaneous activity and corresponding brain functional networks in multiple system atrophy patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Li Yingmei , Liu Hu , Yu Hongmei , Yang Huaguang , Guo Miaoran , Cao Chenghao , Pang Huize , Liu Yu , Cao Kaiqiang , Fan Guoguang
Published: September 2022

Emerging evidence has indicated that cognitive impairment is an underrecognized feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is related to a high risk of dementia. However, the mechanism underlying MCI in MSA remains controversial. In this study, we conducted the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses to detect the characteristics of local neural activity and corresponding network alterations in MSA patients with MCI (MSA‐MCI). We enrolled 80 probable MSA patients classified as cognitively normal (MSA‐NC, n = 36) and MSA‐MCI (n = 44) and 40 healthy controls. Compared with MSA‐NC, MSA‐MCI exhibited decreased ALFF in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC) and increased ALFF in the right cerebellar lobule IX and lobule IV–V. In the secondary FC analyses, decreased FC in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) was observed when we set the RDLPFC as the seed region. Decreased FC in the bilateral cuneus, left precuneus, and left IPL and increased FC in the right middle temporal gyrus were shown when we set the right cerebellar lobule IX as the seed region. Furthermore, FC of DLPFC‐IPL and cerebello‐cerebral circuit, as well as ALFF alterations, were significantly correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in MSA patients. We also employed whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry analysis, but no gray matter atrophy was detected between the patient subgroups. Our findings indicate that altered spontaneous activity in the DLPFC and the cerebellum and disrupted DLPFC‐IPL, cerebello‐cerebral networks are possible biomarkers of early cognitive decline in MSA patients.
High‐temperature energy storage dielectric with inhibition of carrier injection/migration based on band structure regulation
Authors: Liu Guang , Lei Qingquan , Feng Yu , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Chen Qingguo , Chi Qingguo
Published: September 2022

Dielectric capacitors have a high power density, and are widely used in military and civilian life. The main problem lies in the serious deterioration of dielectric insulation performance at high temperatures. In this study, a polycarbonate (PC)‐based energy storage dielectric was designed with BN/SiO2 heterojunctions on its surface. Based on this structural design, a synergistic suppression of the carrier injection and transport was achieved, significantly improving the insulating properties of the polymer film. In particular, the composite film achieves optimal high‐temperature energy‐storage properties. The composite film can withstand an electric field intensity of 760 MV m−1 at 100°C and obtain an energy storage density of 8.32 J cm−3, while achieving a breakthrough energy storage performance even at 150°C (610 MV m−1, 5.22 J cm−3). Through adjustment of the heterojunction structure, free adjustment of the insulation performance of the material can be realized; this is of great significance for the optimization of the material properties.

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An INT‐based packet loss monitoring system for data center networks implementing Fine‐Grained Multi‐Path routing
Authors: Manzanares‐López Pilar , Tan Lizhuang , Muñoz‐Gea Juan Pedro , Malgosa‐Sanahuja Josemaría
Published: September 2022

In‐band network telemetry (INT) is a newer network measurement technology that uses normal data packets to collect network information hop‐by‐hop with low overhead. Since incomplete telemetry data seriously degrades the performance of upper‐layer network telemetry applications, it is necessary to consider the own INT packet loss. In response, LossSight, a powerful packet loss monitoring system for INT has been designed, implemented, and made available as open‐source. This letter extends the previous work by proposing, implementing, and evaluating LB‐LossSight, an improved version compatible with packet‐level load‐balancing techniques, which are currently used in modern Data Center Networks. Experimental results in a Clos network, one of the most commonly used topologies in today's data centers, confirm the high detection and localization accuracy of the implemented solution.
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A wolf in hepatocellular carcinoma's clothing
Authors: Nguyen Paul , Hui Samuel , Robertson Marcus
Published: September 2022

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare malignancy that may mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) given its hepatoid histologic appearance and production of alpha fetoprotein. Clinical management and prognosis of HAC varies considerably from HCC. We present two cases of metastatic HAC in a cirrhotic liver diagnosed after biopsy and histopathological evaluation. The cases underscore the importance of recognizing the limitations of diagnostic imaging and pursuing a biopsy where there is diagnostic uncertainty.
Screening method for the characterization of anabolic steroids seized in Brazil using paper spray mass spectrometry and chemometric tools
Authors: Miguita Ana Gabriella Carvalho , Augusti Rodinei , Nascentes Clésia Cristina , Sena Marcelo Martins
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the use of paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) combined with chemometric models to analyze seized samples of anabolic steroids. Because many forensic laboratories typically demand high‐throughput analysis for this type of sample, we developed a quicker and simpler alternative analytical method for routine analysis with minimal sample preparation. Oily samples (n = 39) resulting from seizures carried out by Brazilian Federal and State Police units were selected for this study. These samples were analyzed by PS‐MS in the positive ion mode and full scan (50–1000 m/z), providing spectra containing patterns of the respective active ingredients present in each product. A principal component analysis (PCA) model was built, which discriminated samples mainly according to their active ingredients and allowed to detect and characterize some cases of product counterfeiting. The variable selection method ordered predictors selection was employed jointly with PCA to improve sample cluster separation and to provide model simplification. The final PCA model was built with three principal components and using only 28 spectral variables. This model accounted for 69.82% of the variance and discriminated samples according to their specific active ingredients.
Adjusting supply chain involvement in countries with politician turnover: A contingency framework
Authors: Dong Maggie Chuoyan , Huang Qianqian , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

Although the supply chain (SC) literature has discussed the influence of the political environment on global SC decisions, the role of political leaders has been overlooked. To fill this research void, we predict and show that the turnover of a country's top political leader (hereafter, “politician turnover”) increases policy uncertainty in the country, which drives multinational corporations (MNCs) to adjust their SC involvement there. We also identify three politician‐related contingency factors: the market‐friendliness of the successor relative to the incumbent, the length of the successor's political career, and corruption in the turnover country. In an analysis of politician turnover events from 2003 to 2018 and the global supplier‐customer relationships of US‐incorporated MNCs, we find that politician turnover causes MNCs to reduce SC involvement (measured as the proportions of an MNC's customers, suppliers, and the transaction volume that are located in the turnover country). The negative effect of politician turnover on SC involvement is exacerbated by corruption in the turnover country, mitigated when the successor has a long political career, and exacerbated when the successor is less market‐friendly than the incumbent; the effect becomes positive when the successor is more market‐friendly than the incumbent.
Effects of creative atmosphere on tourists' post‐experience behaviors in creative tourism: The mediation roles of tourist inspiration and place attachment
Authors: Wei Min , Liu Min , Peng Yan , Zhou Xing , Li Shuhao
Published: September 2022

Considering the popularity of creative tourism, increasing research has focused on the creative atmosphere in creative tourism destinations. Based on Stimulus–Organism–Response framework, this research examined how creative atmosphere influences tourists' post‐experience behaviors—experience intensification and experience extension—through the mediating roles of tourist inspiration and place attachment. Using survey data from 345 tourists at three representative creative tourism destinations in Xiamen, this study finds that creative atmosphere positively predicts experience intensification and experience extension. Besides, tourist inspiration and place attachment were demonstrated to play significant serial mediating roles in both creative atmosphere–experience intensification and creative atmosphere–experience extension relationships.
Curcumin‐Based Universal Grafting of Poly(OEGMA) Brushes and Their Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Ki So Hyun , Thuy Le Thi , Kim Sunhee , Lee Seulgi , Choi Joon Sig , Cho Woo Kyung
Published: September 2022

Catechol and/or pyrogallol groups are recognized as crucial for the formation of polyphenol coatings on various substrates. Meanwhile, studies on polyphenolic molecules that do not contain such groups are relatively rare. The key molecule in turmeric‐based universal (i.e., substrate‐independent) coatings is curcumin, which contains no catechol or pyrogallol groups. As chemically reactive hydroxyl groups would remain after curcumin coating, it is hypothesized that curcumin coating can serve as a reactive layer for controlling interfacial properties. In this study, a curcumin‐based surface modification method is developed to graft polymer brushes from various substrates, including titanium dioxide, gold, glass, stainless steel, and nylon. α‐Bromoisobutyryl bromide, a polymerization initiator, is introduced to the curcumin‐coated substrates via esterification; subsequently, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (poly(OEGMA)) is grafted from the surfaces. Compared to the control surfaces, poly(OEGMA)‐grafted surfaces significantly suppress bacterial adhesion by up to 99.4%, demonstrating their antibacterial properties. Considering its facile and versatile surface modification, curcumin‐based polymer grafting can be an efficient method for controlling the chemical/physical properties of surfaces in a substrate‐independent manner.
Surface modification of epichlorohydrin‐modified aramid nanofibers using ionic liquid to improve the fire safety and tensile strength of cotton fabrics
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , Feng Tingting , Piao Junxiu , Ren Jinyong , Ou Mingyu , Wang Yaofei , Lian Richeng , Cui Jiahui , Guan Haocun , Jiao Chuanmei , Chen Xilei
Published: September 2022

In this article, flame‐retardant cotton fabric was prepared by a step‐by‐step dip‐coating method, in which flame retardants were introduced onto the surface of the cotton fabric by hydrogen bonding association and surface grafting reaction. First, the epichlorohydrin‐modified aramid nanofibers (AEP) were accumulated onto the surface of cotton fabric (Cot/AEP) through hydrogen bond association. Subsequently, the ionic liquid (IL) was grafted onto the surface of AEP to obtain Cot/AEP/IL. The fire safe performance of cotton fabrics was investigated by the limiting oxygen index test (LOI), vertical flammability test (VFT), and cone calorimeter test (CCT), and so forth. The LOI value of Cot/AEP/IL was as high as 29.5%. The VFT results showed that Cot/AEP/IL was self‐extinguishing rather than ignited, leaving a char length of 111 mm. The CCT results demonstrated that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of Cot/AEP/IL decreased by 42.5% and 58.8% compared with untreated cotton fabrics, respectively. The TG test showed that Cot/AEP/IL had more residues left than untreated cotton under both N2 and air atmospheres. The presence of phosphorus enables the cotton fabric to generate an aromatic phosphor carbonaceous structure during the combustion process. In addition, the tensile strength of cotton fabric was tested. After the introduction of AEP/IL, the average tensile strength value of untreated cotton improved from 129 to 167 N in the warp direction and 125–155 N in the weft direction. In summary, the introduction of AEP/IL improved both the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of the cotton fabric significantly.
Co‐infection with Nocardia spp. in a patient with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: A case report
Authors: Tokita Nozomi , Urabe Naohisa , Sakamoto Susumu , Yamaguchi Asuka , Sekiguchi Ryo , Kishi Kazuma
Published: September 2022

Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC‐PD) is sometimes accompanied by co‐infection with other pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. However, co‐infection with Nocardia spp. has been rarely reported. We report on a patient diagnosed as having co‐infection with Nocardia after treatment for MAC‐PD, which was successfully treated using trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX). A 74‐year‐old woman with MAC‐PD was admitted to our hospital to undergo re‐examination for pathogenic microorganisms because chest computed tomography (CT) findings did not improve after treatment for MAC‐PD. She underwent bronchoscopy and Nocardia spp. was detected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. Chest CT findings improved after 6 months of treatment using TMP‐SMX. Co‐infection with other pathogenic microorganisms should be considered when chest CT findings worsen after adequate treatment of MAC‐PD. Chest CT findings of Nocardia pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients can mimic those of MAC‐PD and should therefore be differentiated one from the other.
Detailed crack‐based assessment of a 4‐m deep beam test specimen
Authors: Trandafir Alexandru N. , Proestos Giorgio T. , Mihaylov Boyan I.
Published: September 2022

When shear cracking occurs in existing reinforced concrete deep members, engineers are faced with the challenge of determining the safety of the members. This paper presents a crack‐based assessment approach that utilizes the Two‐Parameter Kinematic Theory (2PKT) as a framework for the assessment of lightly reinforced concrete deep beams. The paper presents three assessment approaches with progressively increasing levels of approximation (LoAs). The first level of approximation (LoA I) involves using the 2PKT in a predictive manner for situations where the crack shapes are unknown, LoA II improves upon LoA I by incorporating more detailed modeling of the strain in the transverse reinforcement at the location of the critical cracks, and LoA III includes the details of LoA II but also uses the detailed crack geometry as an input in the assessment. Each of the LoAs is presented and compared with experimental data from a 4‐m deep beam test in the literature. The shear carrying mechanisms determined from the kinematic model are evaluated and compared across LoAs. Finally, the paper utilizes LoA III to study the size effect in shear for deep beams. The results quantify the influence of aggregate interlock on the size effect in shear critical deep beams.
Strengthen your college's transfer sending culture
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2022

At the City Colleges of Chicago, about half of students who complete an associate degree transfer elsewhere within two years of graduating. That proportion has held steady for six years, said Shelley Lemons, Executive Director of the Office of Student Transitions. During that time, the percentage of African American students transferring to complete a bachelor's degree declined, she added.
Delivering global water security: Embedding water justice as a response to increased irrigation efficiency
Authors: Owens Katherine , Carmody Emma , Grafton Quentin , O'Donnell Erin , Wheeler Sarah , Godden Lee , Allen Richard , Lyster Rosemary , Steduto Pasquale , Jiang Qiang , Kingsford Richard , Quiggin John
Published: September 2022

Increasingly, irrigation infrastructure upgrades have been regarded in global policy as a solution for both water scarcity and low agricultural productivity. However, these technical “fixes” may ultimately prove to be dangerous shortcuts that do little to address the concerns of irrigators, Indigenous People, environmental groups, and local communities about water scarcity, access, security, and sustainability. In the absence of transparent and rigorous governance safeguards, irrigation efficiency upgrades can result in higher water consumption, demand, and ultimately, increased water scarcity. Upgraded irrigation systems also tend to capture return flows and redistribute them to “high value” consumptive water uses, potentially displacing other users and uses, including Indigenous Peoples. In this article, we critique current approaches to governing irrigation efficiency, using a water justice lens to identify four key insights and their implications for governance. We propose new governance pathways and options that take into consideration hydrological realities and the full range of water demands and needs.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
A Framework for Big Data Sovereignty: The European Industrial Data Space (EIDS)
Authors: Mertens Christoph , Alonso Jesús , Lázaro Oscar , Palansuriya Charaka , Böge Gernot , Nizamis Alexandros , Rousopoulou Vaia , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Touma Rizkallah , Tarzán Miquel , Mallada Diego , Figueiras Paulo , Costa Ruben , Graça Diogo , Garcia Gisela , Laibarra Begoña , Celaya Aitor , Sobonski Piotr , Naeem Azzam , Mozo Alberto , Vakaruk Stanislav , Sierra-García J. Enrique , Pastor Antonio , Rodriguez Juan , Hildebrand Marlène , Luniewski Tomasz , Zietak Wojciech , Lange Christoph , Sipsas Konstantinos , Poulakidas Athanasios
Published: September 2022

The path that the European Commission foresees to leverage data in the best possible way for the sake of European citizens and the digital single market clearly addresses the need for a European Data Space. This data space must follow the rules, derived from European values. The European Data Strategy rests on four pillars: (1) Governance framework for access and use; (2) Investments in Europe’s data capabilities and infrastructures; (3) Competences and skills of individuals and SMEs; (4) Common European Data Spaces in nine strategic areas such as industrial manufacturing, mobility, health, and energy. The project BOOST 4.0 developed a prototype for the industrial manufacturing sector, called European Industrial Data Space (EIDS), an endeavour of 53 companies. The publication will show the developed architectural pattern as well as the developed components and introduce the required infrastructure that was developed for the EIDS. Additionally, the population of such a data space with Big Data enabled services and platforms is described and will be enriched with the perspective of the pilots that have been build based on EIDS.
Deploying a Scalable Big Data Platform to Enable a Food Safety Data Space
Authors: Papakonstantinou Mihalis , Karvounis Manos , Stoitsis Giannis , Manouselis Nikos
Published: September 2022

The main goal of this chapter is to share the technical details and best practices for setting up a scalable Big Data platform that addresses the data challenges of the food industry. The amount of data that is generated in our food supply chain is rapidly increasing. The data is published by hundreds of organizations on a daily basis, in many different languages and formats making its aggregation, processing, and exchange a challenge. The efficient linking and mining of the global food data can enable the generation of insights and predictions that can help food safety experts to make critical decisions. All the food companies as well as national authorities and agencies may highly benefit from the data services of such a data platform. The chapter focuses on the architecture and software stack that was used to set up a data platform for a specific business use case. We describe how the platform was designed following data and technology standards to ensure the interoperability between systems and the interconnection of data. We share best practices on the deployment of data platforms such as identification of records, orchestrating pipelines, automating the aggregation workflow, and monitoring of a Big Data platform. The platform was developed in the context of the H2020 BigDataGrapes project, was awarded by communities such as Elasticsearch, and is further developed in H2020 The Food Safety Market project in order to enable the setup of a data space for the food safety sector.
TIKD: A Trusted Integrated Knowledge Dataspace for Sensitive Data Sharing and Collaboration
Authors: Hernandez Julio , McKenna Lucy , Brennan Rob
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents the Trusted Integrated Knowledge Dataspace (TIKD)—a trusted data sharing approach, based on Linked Data technologies, that supports compliance with the General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) for personal data handling as part of data security infrastructure for sensitive application environments such as healthcare. State-of-the-art shared dataspaces typically do not consider sensitive data and privacy-aware log records as part of their solutions, defining only how to access data. TIKD complements existing dataspace security approaches through trusted data sharing that includes personal data handling, data privileges, pseudonymization of user activity logging, and privacy-aware data interlinking services. TIKD was implemented on the Access Risk Knowledge (ARK) Platform, a socio-technical risk governance system, and deployed as part of the ARK-Virus Project which aims to govern the risk management of personal protection equipment (PPE) across a group of collaborating healthcare institutions. The ARK Platform was evaluated, both before and after implementing the TIKD, using both the ISO 27001 Gap Analysis Tool (GAT), which determines information security standard compliance, and the ISO 27701 standard for privacy information. The results of the security and privacy evaluations indicated that compliance with ISO 27001 increased from 50% to 85% and compliance with ISO 27701 increased from 64% to 90%. This shows that implementing TIKD provides a trusted data security dataspace with significantly improved compliance with ISO 27001 and ISO 27701 standards to share data in a collaborative environment.
An Organizational Maturity Model forData Spaces: A Data Sharing Wheel Approach
Authors: Curry Edward , Tuikka Tuomo
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents a maturity model for Data Spaces, which provides a management system with associated improvement roadmaps that guide strategies to continuously improve, develop, and manage the data space capability within their organization. It highlights the challenges with data sharing and motivates the benefit of maturity models. This chapter describes the Maturity Model for Data Spaces (MM4DS) and its use to determine an organization’s data space capability maturity. The MM4DS takes an organization’s user-centric/demand-side perspective utilizing a data space. The development process for the MM4DS is discussed, along with the role of design science in the model development process. Finally, the chapter details an illustrative case using the model to benchmark data space capabilities in five fictitious organizations. The MM4DS can be applied within organizations to better manage their data space capabilities, with assessment, providing insights into what they are doing well and where they need to improve.
Data Platforms for Data Spaces
Authors: Anjomshoaa Amin , Elvira Santiago Cáceres , Wolff Christian , Pérez Baún Juan Carlos , Karvounis Manos , Mellia Marco , Athanasiou Spiros , Katsifodimos Asterios , Garatzogianni Alexandra , Trügler Andreas , Serrano Martin , Zappa Achille , Glikman Yury , Tuikka Tuomo , Curry Edward
Published: September 2022

In our societies, there is a growing demand for the production and use of more data. Data is reaching the point that is driving all the social and economic activities in every industry sector. Technology is not going to be a barrier anymore; however, where there is large deployment of technology, the production of data creates a growing demand for better data-driven services, and at the same time the benefits of the production of the data are at large an impulse for a global data economy, Data has become the business’s most valuable asset. In order to achieve its full value and help data-driven organizations to gain competitive advantages, we need effective and reliable ecosystems that support the cross-border flow of data. To this end, data ecosystems are the key enablers of data sharing and reuse within or across organizations. Data ecosystems need to tackle the various fundamental challenges of data management, including technical and nontechnical aspects (e.g., legal and ethical concerns). This chapter explores the Big Data value ecosystems and provides a detailed overview of several data platform implementations as best-effort approaches for sharing and trading industrial and personal data. We also introduce several key enabling technologies for implementing data platforms. The chapter concludes with common challenges encountered by data platform projects and details best practices to address these challenges.
Decomposition of triple collinear splitting functions
Authors: Braun-White Oscar , Glover Nigel
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In the kinematic region where three particles i, j, k are collinear, the multi-parton scattering amplitudes factorise into a product of a triple collinear splitting function and a multi-parton scattering amplitude with two fewer particles. These triple collinear splitting functions contain both iterated single unresolved contributions, and genuine double unresolved contributions. We make this explicit by rewriting the known triple collinear splitting functions in terms of products of two-particle splitting functions, and a remainder that is explicitly finite when any two of {i, j, k} are collinear. We analyse all of the single unresolved singularities present in the remainder.
Spatial Pointwise Behavior of Time-Periodic Navier–Stokes Flow Induced by Oscillation of a Moving Obstacle
Authors: Hishida Toshiaki
Published: September 2022

We study the spatial decay of time-periodic Navier–Stokes flow at the rate $$|x|^{-1}$$

|
x
|

-
1

with/without wake structure in 3D exterior domains when a rigid body moves periodically in time. In this regime the existence of time-periodic solutions was established first in the 2006 paper by Galdi and Silvestre, however, with little information about spatial behavior at infinity so that uniqueness of solutions was not available. This latter issue has been addressed by Galdi, who has recently succeeded in construction of a unique time-periodic solution with spatial behavior mentioned above if translational and angular velocities of the body fulfill, besides smallness and regularity, either of the following assumptions: (i) translation or rotation is absent; (ii) both velocities are parallel to the same constant vector. This paper shows the existence of a unique time-periodic Navier–Stokes flow in the small with values in the weak-$$L^3$$

L
3

space and then deduces the desired pointwise decay of the solution under some condition on the rigid motion of the body, that covers the cases (i), (ii) mentioned above.
Polynomial whitening for high-dimensional data
Authors: Gillard Jonathan , O’Riordan Emily , Zhigljavsky Anatoly
Published: September 2022

The inverse square root of a covariance matrix is often desirable for performing data whitening in the process of applying many common multivariate data analysis methods. Direct calculation of the inverse square root is not available when the covariance matrix is either singular or nearly singular, as often occurs in high dimensions. We develop new methods, which we broadly call polynomial whitening, to construct a low-degree polynomial in the empirical covariance matrix which has similar properties to the true inverse square root of the covariance matrix (should it exist). Our method does not suffer in singular or near-singular settings, and is computationally tractable in high dimensions. We demonstrate that our construction of low-degree polynomials provides a good substitute for high-dimensional inverse square root covariance matrices, in both $$d < N$$

d
<
N

and $$d \ge N$$

d
≥
N

cases. We offer examples on data whitening, outlier detection and principal component analysis to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Accelerating Digitalization in Healthcare with the InSilicoTrials Cloud-Based Platform: Four Use Cases
Authors: Nicolò Chiara , Sips Fianne , Vaghi Cristina , Baretta Alessia , Carbone Vincenzo , Emili Luca , Bursi Roberta
Published: September 2022

The use of in silico trials is expected to play an increasingly important role in the development and regulatory evaluation of new medical products. Among the advantages that in silico approaches offer, is that they permit testing of drug candidates and new medical devices using virtual patients or computational emulations of preclinical experiments, allowing to refine, reduce or even replace time-consuming and costly benchtop/in vitro/ex vivo experiments as well as the involvement of animals and humans in in vivo studies. To facilitate and widen the adoption of in silico trials, InSilicoTrials Technologies has developed a cloud-based platform, hosting healthcare simulation tools for different bench, preclinical and clinical evaluations, and for diverse disease areas. This paper discusses four use cases of in silico trials performed using the InSilicoTrials.com platform. The first application illustrates how in silico approaches can improve the early preclinical assessment of drug-induced cardiotoxicity risks. The second use case is a virtual reproduction of a bench test for the safety assessment of transcatheter heart valve substitutes. The third and fourth use cases are examples of virtual patients generation to evaluate treatment effects in multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer patients, respectively.
Participant Outcomes and Facilitator Experiences Following a Community Living Skills Program for Adult Mental Health Consumers
Authors: Sammells Eliza , Logan Alexandra , Sheppard Loretta
Published: September 2022

Outcomes from participating in a six-week small-group living skills program, periodically implemented over two years with twelve adult mental health consumers, are reported as a case study. Occupational therapy and recovery-oriented approaches underpinned the development and implementation of the program thus it was important that outcome measures aligned with these perspectives. Data were gathered pre and post program using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Life Skills Profile-16 (LSP-16) in each iteration of the program. Two occupational therapy program facilitators were interviewed about their experience of running the program and using these measurement tools. COPM occupational performance (p = 0.001) and COPM satisfaction (p = 0.004) scores indicated significant change at post-program whereas the LSP-16 total and subscale scores did not (p = 0.132 for total scores). Facilitator insights into the experience of implementing the living skills program and the perceived alignment of the COPM and LSP-16 with recovery-oriented practice are reported.
Mental Health First Aid Training with the Nepalese Community in Australia: An Evaluation of Effects on Knowledge, Confidence, Intentions, Willingness to have Contact and Stigmatizing Attitudes
Authors: Nepal Bharat , Khadka Gaurav , Jorm Anthony F , Simkhada Jyoti , Gauli Nirajan , Hall Neil
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training amongst the Nepalese community in Australia by exploring the impact on knowledge about mental health first aid, confidence and intentions to help, willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. We hypothesized that since MHFA has been extensively evaluated with other communities and has been found to be effective, it would therefore be effective with this community as well. MHFA training was conducted by an accredited Nepalese-Australian MHFA Instructor with 162 participants from the Nepalese community in four states of Australia. Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire prior to the training (pre-test) and at the end of the training (post-test). The evaluation questionnaire assessed participants? knowledge about what was taught in the course, ability to recognize depression as described in a vignette, confidence in providing help, intentions to provide help, and willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. There were large improvements from pre-test to post-test in knowledge, confidence and intentions to help, medium improvements in willingness to have contact, small-to-medium improvements in stigmatizing attitudes and small improvements in recognition of depression. Participants gave high ratings of the course and the instructor. MHFA training produced improvements in knowledge, confidence, intentions, willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes. The training was also well received. Further research is needed to assess persistence of these effects following the course and any changes in mental health first aid provided to the community.
Speeding up neural network robustness verification via algorithm configuration and an optimised mixed integer linear programming solver portfolio
Authors: König Matthias , Hoos Holger H. , Rijn Jan N. van
Published: September 2022

Despite their great success in recent years, neural networks have been found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These attacks are often based on slight perturbations of given inputs that cause them to be misclassified. Several methods have been proposed to formally prove robustness of a given network against such attacks. However, these methods typically give rise to high computational demands, which severely limit their scalability. Recent state-of-the-art approaches state the verification task as a minimisation problem, which is formulated and solved as a mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) problem. We extend this approach by leveraging automated algorithm configuration techniques and, more specifically, construct a portfolio of MIP solver configurations optimised for the neural network verification task. We test this approach on two recent, state-of-the-art MIP-based verification engines, $$\mathrm {MIPVerify}$$
MIPVerify
and $$\mathrm {Venus}$$
Venus
, and achieve substantial improvements in CPU time by average factors of up to 4.7 and 10.3, respectively.
A Cofactor-Based Mechanism for the Origin of the Genetic Code
Authors: Martínez Giménez Juan A. , Tabares Seisdedos Rafael
Published: September 2022

The origin of the genetic code is probably the central problem of the studies on the origin of life. The key question to answer is the molecular mechanism that allows the association of the amino acids with their triplet codons. We proposed that the codon-anticodon duplex located in the acceptor stem of primitive tRNAs would facilitate the chemical reactions required to synthesize cognate amino acids from simple amino acids (glycine, valine, and aspartic acid) linked to the 3′ acceptor end. In our view, various nucleotide-A-derived cofactors (with reactive chemical groups) may be attached to the codon-anticodon duplex, which allows group-transferring reactions from cofactors to simple amino acids, thereby producing the final amino acid. The nucleotide-A-derived cofactors could be incorporated into the RNA duplex (helix) by docking Adenosine (cofactor) into the minor groove via an interaction similar to the A-minor motif, forming a base triple between Adenosine and one complementary base pair of the duplex. Furthermore, we propose that this codon-anticodon duplex could initially catalyze a self-aminoacylation reaction with a simple amino acid. Therefore, the sequence of bases in the codon-anticodon duplex would determine the reactions that occurred during the formation of new amino acids for selective binding of nucleotide-A-derived cofactors.
Respektverlust. Zur Kritik an gewaltvoller Kommunikation
Authors: Kron Thomas , Verneuer-Emre Lena M.
Published: September 2022

Der Beitrag reagiert auf die Kritik von Thomas Hoebel zu unserem Vorschlag, das Modell soziologischer Erklärung (MSE) für die Erklärung von Gewaltphänomenen einzusetzen. Dabei fokussiert er drei seiner Kritikpunkte: Erstens zeigt er, dass das MSE keine Begriffsfestlegung darüber liefert, was „Gewalt“ ist. Unser Vorschlag impliziert weder einen Begriffsrealismus noch eine Festlegung des Begriffs durch das MSE, dessen explanatorische Vorgehensweise Hoebel in seiner Kritik nicht vollständig berücksichtigt. Zweitens weist er den Vorwurf zurück, unsere Literaturauswahl sei ein selektives „Rosinenpicken“. Die von Hoebel als Gegenbeweise angeführten Studien widersprechen unserem Vorschlag nicht, sondern stützen diesen sogar. Drittens geht er auf Hoebels Fehlinterpretation unserer Übersetzung von Randall Collins’ Ansatz in das MSE ein: Seine Fehldeutung beruht auf einer voreiligen Gleichsetzung des MSE mit einem engen Verständnis von Rationaltheorien. Die Replik schließt mit einer Erklärung für die gewaltvoll kommunizierte Kritik von Hoebel.
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO/Se1-xTex solar cells
Authors: Zheng Jiajia , Fu Liuchong , He Yuming , Li Kanghua , Lu Yue , Xue Jiayou , Liu Yuxuan , Dong Chong , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang
Published: September 2022

Selenium (Se) element is a promising light-harvesting material for solar cells because of the large absorption coefficient and prominent photoconductivity. However, the efficiency of Se solar cells has been stagnated for a long time owing to the suboptimal bandgap (> 1.8 eV) and the lack of a proper electron transport layer. In this work, we tune the bandgap of the absorber to the optimal value of Shockley–Queisser limit (1.36 eV) by alloying 30% Te with 70% Se. Simultaneously, ZnO electron transport layer is selected because of the proper band alignment, and the mild reaction at ZnO/Se0.7Te0.3 interface guarantees a good-quality heterojunction. Finally, a superior efficiency of 1.85% is achieved on ZnO/Se0.7Te0.3 solar cells.

Graphical abstract
Raman spectroscopy for microplastic detection in water sources: a systematic review
Authors: Chakraborty I. , Banik S. , Biswas R. , Yamamoto T. , Noothalapati H. , Mazumder N.
Published: September 2022

The increasing demand and use of plastics in our daily lives have caused an increase in microplastics (MPs) concentration in water bodies. Increasing MP in water affects aquatic life and is associated with several health issues. All sources of water whether fresh, marine, or sewage have reported the presence of various MPs. It is clear from relevant literature that the presence of MP with a particular chemical composition could be indicative of its source and could contribute to its removal. Increasing population density, plastic litters, fishing activities, and industrial wastes are major contributors of MP in water. This review is systematically undertaken where Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used as an indispensable tool to identify the chemical composition of the MP in various water sources (fresh/ground/drinking; ocean/sea; waste/sewage) between 2015 and 2021. Based on the Raman spectra, polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) are some of the common MP identified in the water sources.
Influence of architectural space layout and building perimeter on the energy performance of buildings: A systematic literature review
Authors: Latha Harsha , Patil Shantharam , Kini Pradeep G.
Published: September 2022

The space layout is very essential in building design development and can significantly influence the energy performance of the built environment. Space layout design, which occurs during the early stages of scheme conception and design development, is one of the most important tasks in architectural design. This systematic literature review focused on the investigation of space layout and perimeter design variables on the energy performance of the buildings and the study of major energy performance indicators, such as lighting, ventilation, heating, and cooling load considering climatic factors. The Scopus database was used for a thorough investigation of the publications using space layout relevant keywords to study building energy performance. About 55 primary articles were assessed based on the impact of different variables concerned with space layout design mainly building perimeter variables on the energy performance of the building. From the review, we can conclude that by enhancing the perimeter design variables and spatial configuration substantial amount of energy can be saved. The orientation of the building, climate occupancy, and building form have a major role in the energy consumption investigation. According to the study, hospitals consumes more energy due to specific functional requirement than other buildings, and studies on the spatial configuration of the hospital is comparatively less where further studies can consider this issue along with the combination of multiple performance indicators. Well-configured space layout design may prevent unreasonable energy consumption and enhance the overall sustainability of the building and contribute to climate change mitigation.
Unbalanced, cracked, and misaligned rotating machines: a comparison between classification procedures throughout the steady-state operation
Authors: Rezazadeh Nima , De Luca Alessandro , Perfetto Donato
Published: September 2022

This article compares two intelligent methods for automatic detection of unbalancing, cracks, and parallel misalignment in rotary machines. The finite element method is used to model the faults in a rotating system. The modeled system then operates virtually under different conditions in the steady-state operation; the vibrational responses are calculated numerically. To compare the accuracy of different manners in the classification of defective systems, firstly, four distinct types of features, i.e., statistical, frequency, time–frequency, and uncertainty are exploited. The T test process is utilized to test the extracted characteristics; the unreliable features are removed from feature vectors, then the remained ones are used in four supervised machine learning classifiers, i.e., support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, and decision trees. In the following, as the convolution neural networks (CNNs) approach, the persistence spectrums of raw signals are plotted, and these graphs are introduced as input data. Comparing results of the different classification methods, it has been observed that although CNNs based on persistence spectrum graphs are computationally heavy and time-consuming, they provide more accurate results than the other classifiers. The results show that the proposed approach for rotor fault detection is effective, accurate, and robust and that it has promise for real engineering applications.