bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redirected walking in virtual reality with auditory step feedback
Authors: Weller Rene , Brennecke Benjamin , Zachmann Gabriel
Published: July 2022

We present a novel approach of redirected walking (RDW) based on step feedback sounds to redirect users in virtual reality. The main idea is to achieve path manipulation by changing step noises to deviate the users, who still believe that they are walking a straight line. Our approach can be combined with traditional visual approaches for RDW based on eye-blinking. Moreover, we have conducted a user study in a large area ($$10\times 20$$

10
×
20

m) using a within-subject design. We achieved a translational redirection of 1.7m in average with pure audio feedback. Moreover, our results show that visual methods can amplify the deviation of our new auditory approach by 80cm in average at the distance of 20 m.
Prolonged cardiac NR4A2 activation causes dilated cardiomyopathy in mice
Authors: Ashraf Sadia , Taegtmeyer Heinrich , Harmancey Romain
Published: July 2022

Transcription factors play a fundamental role in cardiovascular adaptation to stress. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2; NURR1) is an immediate-early gene and transcription factor with a versatile role throughout many organs. In the adult mammalian heart, and particularly in cardiac myocytes, NR4A2 is strongly up-regulated in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The physiologic implications of this increase remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to interrogate the consequences of cardiac NR4A2 up-regulation under normal conditions and in response to pressure overload. In mice, tamoxifen-dependent, cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NR4A2 led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricular dilation, heart failure, and death within 40 days. Chronic NR4A2 induction also precipitated cardiac decompensation during transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload. Mechanistically, NR4A2 caused adult cardiac myocytes to return to a fetal-like phenotype, with a switch to glycolytic metabolism and disassembly of sarcomeric structures. NR4A2 also re-activated cell cycle progression and stimulated DNA replication and karyokinesis but failed to induce cytokinesis, thereby promoting multinucleation of cardiac myocytes. Activation of cell cycle checkpoints led to induction of an apoptotic response which ultimately resulted in excessive loss of cardiac myocytes and impaired left ventricular contractile function. In summary, myocyte-specific overexpression of NR4A2 in the postnatal mammalian heart results in increased cell cycle re-entry and DNA replication but does not result in cardiac myocyte division. Our findings expose a novel function for the nuclear receptor as a critical regulator in the self-renewal of the cardiac myocyte and heart regeneration.
Spatial distribution of fat infiltration within the paraspinal muscles: implications for chronic low back pain
Authors: Khattab Karim , Dziesinski Lucas K. , Crawford Rebecca , Ballatori Alex , Nyayapati Priya , Krug Roland , Fields Aaron , O’Neill Conor W. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Bailey Jeannie F.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Fat infiltration (FI) of the paraspinal muscles (PSMs) measured using MRI is an aspect of muscle quality and is considered to be worse in chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients. However, there is not a clear association between paraspinal muscle FI and cLBP, leaving the clinical importance of paraspinal muscle composition unestablished. The spatial distribution of FI in the PSMs may inform mechanistic understanding of non-specific cLBP as it relates to degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) pathology. We hypothesized that paraspinal muscle fat-mapping would reveal distinct FI distribution patterns in relation to cLBP symptoms and proximity to symptomatic IVD degeneration.

Methods

From advanced-sequence water-fat MRI of 40 axial cLBP patients and 21 controls, we examined the spatial distribution of paraspinal muscle FI in relation to the center of rotation at the L4L5 disc. Using statistical parametric mapping, we compared FI patterns for multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), and psoas between patients and controls, and to the presence and severity of adjacent degenerative IVD pathology.

Results

The spatial distribution of PSMs FI differs between PSMs and according to symptoms and the adjacent degenerative IVD pathology. Furthermore, the region of MF closest to the disc center of rotation appears most susceptible to FI in the presence of symptomatic IVD degeneration.

Conclusion

Our study identified spatial distribution patterns of FI in the PSMs as a potential diagnostic biomarker that may also provide granular mechanistic insights into spine biomechanics related to cLBP, as well as advancing the use of prior summary measures limited to overall muscle FI.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of PrEP Use Stigma Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Johannesburg, South Africa and Mwanza, Tanzania Participating in the EMPOWER Trial
Authors: Munthali R. J. , Stangl A. L. , Baron D. , Barré I. , Harvey S. , Ramskin L. , Colombini M. , Naicker N. , Kapiga S. , Delany-Moretlwe S. ,   the EMPOWER study team
Published: July 2022

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), yet stigma may limit PrEP acceptance and continuation. We examined factors associated with PrEP use stigma among 307 participants of the EMPOWER trial (2016–2018), an unblinded randomized controlled trial among HIV-negative, AGYW, aged 16–24, in South Africa and Tanzania. The 6-item, brief-PrEP use stigma scale (B-PSS) had high internal reliability. At the end of the trial, 34.2% of study participants reported any PrEP use stigma. Three latent classes were observed, reflecting low (46.9%), medium (31.9%), and high (21.2%) reported PrEP use stigma. Disclosure of PrEP use to sexual partner and belief that PrEP prevents HIV were associated with less reported PrEP use stigma. Conversely, participants who reported fear and shame about people living with HIV were more likely to report PrEP use stigma. Our validated tool and findings will enable practitioners to identify AGYW at high risk of PrEP use stigma who may benefit from additional support.

Pan African clinical trials registry PACTR202006754762723, 5 April 2020, retrospectively registered.
Left atrial strain determinants and clinical features according to the heart failure stages. New insight from EACVI MASCOT registry
Authors: Benfari Giovanni , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Magne Julien , Miglioranza Marcelo Haertel , Ancona Roberta , Luksic Vlatka Reskovic , Pastore Maria Concetta , Santoro Ciro , Michalski Blazej , Malagoli Alessandro , Muraru Denisa , Donal Erwan , Cosyns Bernard , Edvardsen Thor , Popescu Bogdan Alexandru , Cameli Matteo ,   MASCOT investigators
Published: July 2022

Few studies analyzed left atrial (LA) peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) determinants, particularly across heart failure (HF) stages. We aimed to analyze the pathophysiological and clinical PALS correlates in a large multicentric prospective study. This is a multicenter prospective observational study enrolling 745 patients with HF stages. Data included PALS and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS). Exclusion criteria were: valvular prosthesis; atrial fibrillation; cardiac transplantation; poor acoustic window. Median global PALS was 17% [24–32]. 29% of patients were in HF-stage 0/A, 35% in stage-B, and 36% in stage-C. Together with age, the echocardiographic determinants of PALS were LA volume and LV-GLS (overall model R2 = 0.50, p < 0.0001). LV-GLS had the strongest association with PALS at multivariable analysis (beta: −3.60 ± 0.20, p < 0.0001). Among HF stages, LV-GLS remained the most important PALS predictor (p < 0.0001) whereas age was only associated with PALS in lower HF-stage 0/A or B (R = − 0.26 p < 0.0001, R = − 0.23 p = 0.0001). LA volume increased its association to PALS moving from stage 0/A (R = − 0.11; P = 0.1) to C (R = − 0.42; P < 0.0001). PALS was the single most potent echocardiographic parameter in predicting the HF stage (AUC for B vs. 0/A 0.81, and AUC vs. 0/A for C 0.76). PALS remained independently associated with HF stages after adjusting for ejection fraction, E/e′ ratio, and mitral regurgitation grade (p < 0.0001). Although influenced by LV-GLS and LA size across HF stages, PALS is incrementally and independently associated with clinical status. LA function may reflect a substantial part of the hemodynamic consequences of ventricular dysfunction.
Estimation of distribution algorithms using Gaussian Bayesian networks to solve industrial optimization problems constrained by environment variables
Authors: Soloviev Vicente P. , Larrañaga Pedro , Bielza Concha
Published: July 2022

Many real-world optimization problems involve two different subsets of variables: decision variables, and those variables which are not present in the cost function but constrain the solutions, and thus, must be considered during optimization. Thus, dependencies between and within both subsets of variables must be considered. In this paper, an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is implemented to solve this type of complex optimization problems. A Gaussian Bayesian network is used to build an abstraction model of the search space in each iteration to identify patterns among the variables. As the algorithm is initialized from data, we introduce a new hyper-parameter to control the influence of the initial data in the decisions made during the EDA execution. The results show that our algorithm improves the cost function more than the expert knowledge does.
Differences in Aggression and Alcohol Use among Youth with Varying Levels of Victimization and Popularity Status
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Dawes Molly , Lansu Tessa A. M. , van den Berg Yvonne , Cillessen Antonius H. N.
Published: July 2022

Awareness that high-status adolescents can be targets of aggression has grown in recent years. However, questions remain about the associations of the confluence of victimization and popularity with adjustment. The current study fills this gap by examining the joint and unique effects of victimization and popularity on aggression and alcohol use. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, Mage = 13.65) who were followed for one year. High-status victims were more aggressive and drank more alcohol than lower-status victims. High-status victims were also more proactively and indirectly aggressive and self-reported more bullying than high-status non-victims. Thus, the findings demonstrated a conjoined risk of victimization and popularity for some types of aggression.
Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Socioscientific Reasoning During a Decision-Making Activity in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Ha Heesoo , Park Wonyong , Song Jinwoong
Published: July 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of informed decision-making in times of crisis and the need for equipping teachers with the ability to address socioscientific issues in the classroom. In this study, we examine the features of socioscientific reasoning found in preservice elementary teachers’ group discussions on the issue of school reopening during the pandemic. Using socioscientific reasoning and perspective taking as theoretical lenses, we analyzed how the participants constructed and justified arguments about the issue from the perspectives of three stakeholders the Minister of Education, a teacher, and a parent. The analysis revealed the participants’ tendency to reach a premature decision and then cherry-pick evidence supporting the predetermined conclusion. As they examined relevant evidence, they often specified their initial claims by adding conditions to make it less objectionable and more defensible. We also illustrate how they used two different types of evidence, mechanistic and epidemiological, to support their claims about school reopening, and how perspective taking influenced their reasoning processes. Based on these findings, we discuss the potential of the perspective-based approach for supporting elementary teachers’ decision-making about socioscientific issues.
Morphometric and molecular characterization of Kudoa encrasicoli n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)
Authors: Iglesias Raúl , Rangel Luís Filipe , Fernández-Vázquez Fabio , Santos Maria João , García-Estévez José M.
Published: July 2022

The European anchovy represents the main fisheries for countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins. The skeletal muscle of 13 of 48 (27.1%) Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) specimens from North East Atlantic waters (FAO 27.8.c) was found infected with interfibrillar elongated plasmodia (130-980 µm in length) containing mature myxospores belonging to the genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947. No flesh softening was found associated with infection. Fresh myxospores were 10.8 ± 0.7 (9.1-12.3) µm in width 1, 11.3 ± 0.9 (9.5-13.4) µm in width 2, 6.7 ± 0.4 (5.8-7.4) µm in thickness, and 6.9 ± 0.5 (5.8-7.5) µm in length. They were almost stellate in apical view having three pointed-edged shell valves bearing three small polar capsules equal in size 5.0 ± 0.3 (4.4-5.4) μm long and 2.4 ± 0.2 (2.0-3.0) μm wide, and one rounded- to rarely bluntly pointed-edged shell valve bearing a large and particularly wide polar capsule 6.8 ± 0.4 (5.9-7.6) μm long and 4.1 ± 0.2 (3.6-4.4) μm wide. Morphological and morphometrical comparisons between these myxospores and those of Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1923) from the clupeid Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) (North East Atlantic waters, FAO 27.9.a), with which exhibited a similarity of 98.9% and 96.2% using SSU and LSU rDNA sequences, respectively, support the creation of Kudoa encrasicolin. sp. Morphometrical analysis of the polar capsules of flattened myxospores is suggested as a useful approach to differentiate phylogenetically related kudoids with stellate or almost stellate myxospores bearing four polar capsules.
Combining Mechanisms of Growth Arrest in Solid Tumours: A Mathematical Investigation
Authors: Colson Chloé , Byrne Helen M. , Maini Philip K.
Published: July 2022

The processes underpinning solid tumour growth involve the interactions between various healthy and tumour tissue components and the vasculature, and can be affected in different ways by cancer treatment. In particular, the growth-limiting mechanisms at play may influence tumour responses to treatment. In this paper, we propose a simple ordinary differential equation model of solid tumour growth to investigate how tumour-specific mechanisms of growth arrest may affect tumour response to different combination cancer therapies. We consider the interactions of tumour cells with the physical space in which they proliferate and a nutrient supplied by the tumour vasculature, with the aim of representing two distinct growth arrest mechanisms. More specifically, we wish to consider growth arrest due to (1) nutrient deficiency, which corresponds to balancing cell proliferation and death rates, and (2) competition for space, which corresponds to cessation of proliferation without cell death. We perform numerical simulations of the model and a steady-state analysis to determine the possible tumour growth scenarios described by the model. We find that there are three distinct growth regimes: the nutrient- and spatially limited regimes and a bi-stable regime, in which both growth arrest mechanisms are simultaneously active. Thus, the proposed model has the features required to investigate and distinguish tumour responses to different cancer treatments.
Service Robots in Nursing Homes (SeRoNu): a holistic model of influencing factors
Authors: Obst Lisa , Bielefeldt Franziska , von der Weth Rüdiger , Dick Michael
Published: July 2022

This article in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. introduces a model that provides an overview and orientation for science and practice regarding robots in elderly care. Aging societies and the lack of professionals working in elderly care put strain on the care sector in many countries worldwide. Robots can be a possible support for caregivers and assistance for people in need of care. However, their (future) usage comes along with various challenges and currently there are only few examples of use in practice. The data of the developed holistic triple-layered shell model SeRoNu (Service Robots in Nursing Homes) is based on three conducted studies: (I) A work analysis (HTO-Approach; Strohm and Ulich 1997), (II) future workshops (Jungk and Müllert 1989) and (III) expert interviews. Social robot Pepper is used as an example of application, as the model offers a framework for different service robots. The article illustrates the influencing factors and the diversity of robotic solutions to the care crisis. As a result, a multi-professional approach is required as the different aspects need to be considered individually.
When Self-Humanization Leads to Algorithm Aversion
Authors: Heßler Pascal Oliver , Pfeiffer Jella , Hafenbrädl Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Decision support systems are increasingly being adopted by various digital platforms. However, prior research has shown that certain contexts can induce algorithm aversion, leading people to reject their decision support. This paper investigates how and why thecontextin which users are making decisions (for-profit versus prosocial microlending decisions) affects their degree of algorithm aversion and ultimately their preference for more human-like (versus computer-like) decision support systems. The study proposes that contexts vary in their affordances for self-humanization. Specifically, people perceive prosocial decisions as more relevant to self-humanization than for-profit contexts, and, in consequence, they ascribe more importance to empathy and autonomy while making decisions in prosocial contexts. This increased importance of empathy and autonomy leads to a higher degree of algorithm aversion. At the same time, it also leads to a stronger preference for human-like decision support, which could therefore serve as a remedy for an algorithm aversion induced by the need for self-humanization. The results from an online experiment support the theorizing. The paper discusses both theoretical and design implications, especially for the potential of anthropomorphized conversational agents on platforms for prosocial decision-making.
Adaptation und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 10–16 Jahren
Authors: Lindemann Uta , Gröben Bernd , Braksiek Michael
Published: July 2022

Die bewegungsbezogene Gesundheitskompetenz stellt eine relevante Gesundheitsdeterminante dar. Ziel der Studie war die kindgerechte Adaptation und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung von Facetten einer bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 10 bis 16 Jahren. Die Skalen wurden an einer Stichprobe von 772 Kindern und Jugendlichen (MAlter = 12,75; 43,1 % weiblich) validiert. Alle drei Skalen (bewegungsspezifische Befindensregulation, Selbstkontrolle für die Verhaltensumsetzung, gesundheitsbezogene Verantwortungsübernahme) erwiesen sich als faktoriell, diskriminant, konvergent und kriteriumsvalide sowie reliabel. Zudem konnte ihre Messinvarianz bezogen auf die Variablen Geschlecht, Sportvereinszugehörigkeit und Alter gezeigt werden. Ein latentes Mediationsmodell konnte im Rahmen der Prüfung auf Kriteriumsvalidität zeigen, dass der positive Effekt der gesundheitsbezogenen Verantwortungsübernahme auf die berichtete körperliche Aktivität der Kinder und Jugendlichen vollständig über die Selbstkontrolle für die Verhaltensumsetzung mediiert wird. Die validierten Skalen können nun u. a. für Interventionsstudien zur Förderung und querschnittlichen Messung der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz von Kindern und Jugendlichen verwendet werden.
miR-1307-5p suppresses proliferation and tumorigenesis of bladder cancer via targeting MDM4 and the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Cheng , Xiong Shida , Zhou Xiaocheng , Wang Gongxian , Guo Ju
Published: July 2022

Background

Emerging evidence has shown that miR-1307-5p is involved in tumorigenesis of various types of cancer. This study aims to assess the role and mechanism of miR-1307-5p in bladder cancer.

Methods

Bioinformatics analyses were carried out with clinical datasets in the public domains. To investigate the cellular functions of miR-1307-5p, assays of cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were conducted in bladder cancer cell lines and xenografts. The molecular mechanisms of miR-1307-5p were studied using luciferase reporter, RT–qPCR, and western blotting analyses.

Results

We found that miR-1307-5p expression was significantly decreased in bladder cancer tissues, and its lower level was associated with poor prognosis. Cellular assays indicated the tumor-suppressor roles of miR-1307-5p were linked to cell proliferation, cell cycle inhibition, and cell apoptosis promotion. Conversely, anti-miR-1307-5p facilitated cell proliferation and cell cycle and antagonized cell apoptosis. In the in vivo setting, tumor growth was suppressed by miR-1307-5p overexpression. We found by bioinformatic and luciferase reporter assays that miR-1307-5p targets the 3′-UTR of MDM4, a well-known Inhibitor of TP53-mediated transactivation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Specifically, miR-1307-5p markedly reduced MDM4 proteins expression, decreased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA, and increased the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and caspase 9. While in parallel assays, anti-miR-1307-5p had opposite effects. In addition, we found that miR-1307-5p overexpression would suppress bladder cancer cell growth by inhibiting MDM4 and its downstream Hippo pathway.

Conclusion

In bladder cancer, miR-1307-5p functions as a tumor suppressor and has the potentials as biomarker and therapeutical agent.
Full-Fiber Auxetic-Interlaced Yarn Sensor for Sign-Language Translation Glove Assisted by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wu Ronghui , Seo Sangjin , Ma Liyun , Bae Juyeol , Kim Taesung
Published: July 2022

Yarn sensors have shown promising application prospects in wearable electronics owing to their shape adaptability, good flexibility, and weavability. However, it is still a critical challenge to develop simultaneously structure stable, fast response, body conformal, mechanical robust yarn sensor using full microfibers in an industrial-scalable manner. Herein, a full-fiber auxetic-interlaced yarn sensor (AIYS) with negative Poisson’s ratio is designed and fabricated using a continuous, mass-producible, structure-programmable, and low-cost spinning technology. Based on the unique microfiber interlaced architecture, AIYS simultaneously achieves a Poisson’s ratio of−1.5, a robust mechanical property (0.6 cN/dtex), and a fast train-resistance responsiveness (0.025 s), which enhances conformality with the human body and quickly transduce human joint bending and/or stretching into electrical signals. Moreover, AIYS shows good flexibility, washability, weavability, and high repeatability. Furtherly, with the AIYS array, an ultrafast full-letter sign-language translation glove is developed using artificial neural network. The sign-language translation glove achieves an accuracy of 99.8% for all letters of the English alphabet within a short time of 0.25 s. Furthermore, owing to excellent full letter-recognition ability, real-time translation of daily dialogues and complex sentences is also demonstrated. The smart glove exhibits a remarkable potential in eliminating the communication barriers between signers and non-signers.
Harnessing Augmented Reality for Increasing the Awareness of Food Waste Amongst Dutch Consumers
Authors: Honee Dolf , Hurst William , Luttikhold Antonius Johannus
Published: July 2022

Food waste is a significant challenge, and our societal behaviours play a role in the amount of food items discarded. Thus, an effective method to inform consumers about high wastage patterns may help reduce the amount thrown away. This research investigates how Augmented Reality can be harnessed to enlighten consumers and work towards addressing high food waste patterns. Yet research on this topic is still very much in its infancy. To pursue this solution, food behaviour data are employed to provide an insight into how much is wasted from 9 catering industry locations in the Netherlands. An Augmented Reality application is developed, where models of food are projected onto real-world environments to provide scale on waste over a 7-day period. A quantitative evaluation of higher-education attendees demonstrated the approach has potential to incentivise reduction in waste.
Spread of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum within banana mats: implications for Xanthomonas wilt management
Authors: Ocimati Walter , Tazuba Anthony Fredrick , Blomme Guy
Published: July 2022

Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) does not spread to all plants physically interconnected through the rhizome when one or a few are diseased. Factors causing this incomplete systemic spread of Xvm are not fully known yet could be important for XW management. We explored the effect of 1) Xvm inoculum amounts; 2) number, size, and position of suckers on mother plant corms; and 3) other mother plant attributes on sucker colonization. A shorter (p < 0.05) incubation period (17.9 vs 21.1 days) and higher (p < .001) cumulative number of symptomatic leaves (5.2 vs 1.6 leaves) was observed when all leaves compared to only two leaves were inoculated. Xvm was recovered in corms at 29 days post inoculation (dpi) in both treatments with no differences (p > 0.05) in proportions of corms with Xvm between the treatments. However, Xvm was recovered earlier and at a higher frequency in attached suckers when all leaves were inoculated. Lower Xvm recoveries occurred in the lower corm sections to which most suckers were attached relative to the middle and upper corm sections. Xvm incidence in corms increased with the number of attached maiden suckers, and the dpi, while it declined with increasing mother plant pseudostem and corm height. Thus, Xvm spread within mats is influenced by the amount of inoculum and the physiological stage of the mother plant and attached suckers. The position of suckers, predominantly at the bottom of corms also protects them from infection. Measures that reduce Xvm inoculum build-up in mats will thus minimize within mat Xvm spread.
A dynamic customer requirement mining method for continuous product improvement
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhao Wu , Guo Xin , Zhang Kai , Yu Miao
Published: July 2022

The key to successful product development is better understanding of customer requirements and efficiently identifying the product attributes. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have studied the mining of customer requirements and preferences from online reviews. However, since customer requirements often change dynamically on multi-generation products, most existing studies failed to discover the correlations between customer satisfaction and continuous product improvement. In this work, we propose a novel dynamic customer requirement mining method to analyze the dynamic changes of customer satisfaction of product attributes based on sentiment and attention expressed in online reviews, aiming to better meet customer requirements and provide the direction and content of future product improvement. Specifically, this method is divided into three parts. Firstly, text mining is adopted to collect online review data of multi-generation products and identify product attributes. Secondly, the attention and sentiment scores of product attributes are calculated with a natural language processing tool, and further integrated into the corresponding satisfaction scores. Finally, the improvement direction for next-generation products is determined based on the changing satisfaction scores of multi-generation product attributes. In addition, a case study on multi-generation phone products based on online reviews was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed methodology. Our research completes the field of requirements analysis and provides a new dynamic approach to requirements analysis for continuous improvement of multi-generation products, which can help enterprises to accurately understand customer requirements and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of continuous product improvement.
KinasePhos 3.0: Redesign and Expansion of the Prediction on Kinase-Specific Phosphorylation Sites
Authors: Ma Renfei , Li Shangfu , Li Wenshuo , Yao Lantian , Huang Hsien-Da , Lee Tzong-Yi
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this work is to enhance KinasePhos, a machine learning-based kinase-specific phosphorylation site prediction tool. Experimentally verified kinase-specific phosphorylation data were collected from PhosphoSitePlus, UniProtKB, the GPS 5.0, and Phospho.ELM. In total, 41,421 experimentally verified kinase-specific phosphorylation sites were identified. A total of 1380 unique kinases were identified, including 753 with existing classification information from KinBase and the remaining 627 annotated by building a phylogenetic tree. Based on this kinase classification, a total of 771 predictive models were built at the individual, family, and group levels, using at least 15 experimentally verified substrate sites in positive training datasets. The improved models demonstrated their effectiveness compared with other prediction tools. For example, the prediction of sites phosphorylated by the protein kinase B, casein kinase 2, and protein kinase A families had accuracies of 94.5%, 92.5%, and 90.0%, respectively. The average prediction accuracy for all 771 models was 87.2%. For enhancing interpretability, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to assess feature importance. The web interface of KinasePhos 3.0 has been redesigned to provide comprehensive annotations of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites on multiple proteins. Additionally, considering the large scale of phosphoproteomic data, a downloadable prediction tool is available at https://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/KinasePhos/download.html or https://github.com/tom-209/KinasePhos-3.0-executable-file.
The Shapes of Stories
Authors: Elkins Katherine
Published: July 2022

Sentiment analysis has gained widespread adoption in many fields, but not—until now—in literary studies. Scholars have lacked a robust methodology that adapts the tool to the skills and questions central to literary scholars. Also lacking has been quantitative data to help the scholar choose between the many models. Which model is best for which narrative, and why? By comparing over three dozen models, including the latest Deep Learning AI, the author details how to choose the correct model—or set of models—depending on the unique affective fingerprint of a narrative. The author also demonstrates how to combine a clustered close reading of textual cruxes in order to interpret a narrative. By analyzing a diverse and cross-cultural range of texts in a series of case studies, the Element highlights new insights into the many shapes of stories.
Relativistic conceptions of trustworthiness: Implications for the trustworthy status of national identification systems
Authors: Smart Paul R. , Hall Wendy , Boniface Michael
Published: July 2022

Trustworthiness is typically regarded as a desirable feature of national identification systems (NISs); but the variegated nature of the trustor communities associated with such systems makes it difficult to see how a single system could be equally trustworthy to all actual and potential trustors. This worry is accentuated by common theoretical accounts of trustworthiness. According to such accounts, trustworthiness is relativized to particular individuals and particular areas of activity, such that one can be trustworthy with regard to some individuals in respect of certain matters, but not trustworthy with regard to all trustors in respect of every matter. The present article challenges this relativistic approach to trustworthiness by outlining a new account of trustworthiness, dubbed the expectation-oriented account. This account allows for the possibility of an absolutist (or one-place) approach to trustworthiness. Such an account, we suggest, is the approach that best supports the effort to develop NISs. To be trustworthy, we suggest, is to minimize the error associated with trustor expectations in situations of social dependency (commonly referred to as trust situations), and to be trustworthy in an absolute sense is to assign equal value to all expectation-related errors in all trust situations. In addition to outlining the features of the expectation-oriented account, we describe some of the implications of this account for the design, development, and management of trustworthy NISs.
Exploring decomposition of temporal patterns to facilitate learning of neural networks for ground-level daily maximum 8-hour average ozone prediction
Authors: Leufen Lukas Hubert , Kleinert Felix , Schultz Martin G.
Published: July 2022

Exposure to ground-level ozone is a concern for both humans and vegetation, so accurate prediction of ozone time series is of great importance. However, conventional as well as emerging methods have deficiencies in predicting time series when a superposition of differently pronounced oscillations on various time scales is present. In this paper, we propose a meteorologically motivated filtering method of time series data, which can separate oscillation patterns, in combination with different multibranch neural networks. To avoid phase shifts introduced by using a causal filter, we combine past observation data with a climatological estimate about the future to be able to apply a noncausal filter in a forecast setting. In addition, the forecast in the form of the expected climatology provides some a priori information that can support the neural network to focus not merely on learning a climatological statistic. We apply this method to hourly data obtained from over 50 different monitoring stations in northern Germany situated in rural or suburban surroundings to generate a prediction for the daily maximum 8-hr average values of ground-level ozone 4 days into the future. The data preprocessing with time filters enables simpler neural networks such as fully connected networks as well as more sophisticated approaches such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks to better recognize long-term and short-term oscillation patterns like the seasonal cycle and thus leads to an improvement in the forecast skill, especially for a lead time of more than 48 hr, compared to persistence, climatological reference, and other reference models.
Response to Critics of Hegel's Ontology of Power
Authors: Abazari Arash
Published: July 2022

I am much indebted to Jacob McNulty, Allegra de Laurentiis and Tony Smith for their generous attention to my book and their insightful remarks. Since I could not possibly do justice to all their concerns, I have unfortunately had to be selective. The issues discussed in this response are organized thematically. In the first section, I discuss why Hegel's logic of essence has to be understood historically; which is to say that the logic of essence provides an ontology that is specific to capitalism. Then, in the second section, I discuss the nature of holism in the logic of essence, and correspondingly, the nature of social holism specific to capitalism. Finally, in the third section, I answer the question: if both Marx's critique of political economy and Hegel's own economic theory in the Philosophy of Right are based on the same logic of essence, why they are so divergent from, and indeed incompatible with, each other.
Constraints on the wall layer in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Rooney G.G.
Published: July 2022

Dynamical constraints on the wall layer in turbulent pipe flow imply both a narrow peak in the streamwise component of the turbulent Lamb vector near the wall, and a scaling of the wall layer depth proportional to the depth of the viscous sublayer. An approximation of the Lamb vector distribution, which equates to the gradient of Reynolds stress, is proposed. Hence the equation for streamwise mean flow may be integrated to obtain an expression for the velocity profile in the wall layer.
The Impact of Reduced Working Hours and Furlough Policies on Workers’ Mental Health at the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: WANG SENHU , KAMERĀDE DAIGA , BESSA IOULIA , BURCHELL BRENDAN , GIFFORD JONNY , GREEN MELANIE , RUBERY JILL
Published: July 2022

Although reduced working time and furlough policy initiatives are widely regarded as important for economic and business reasons, little is known about their impacts on workers’ mental health at the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Panel Study data from 2018 to February 2020 and April 2020 and change score analysis, this study aims to compare mental health changes between those who worked reduced hours, were furloughed and left/lost paid work. The results suggest that at the onset of COVID-19 reduced working time and furlough can protect workers’ mental health, but only for men not for women. The gender differences remain significant even after controlling for housework and childcare responsibilities at the onset of COVID-19. These results highlight the importance of distributing paid work more equitably and formulating gender-sensitive labour market policies in protection of workers’ mental health.
Giving Up on the Church of England in the Time of Pandemic: Individual Differences in Responses of Non-ministering Members to Online Worship and Offline Services
Authors: Village Andrew , Francis Leslie J.
Published: July 2022

This study draws on data provided to the Covid-19 & Church-21 Survey by 826 ‘non-ministering’ Anglicans living in England in order to explore why some people gave up worshipping online or in church during the Covid-19 lockdown in 2021. Nearly a quarter of the participants had given up online worship, attending offline services in church, or both: 15 per cent had given up on online worship, 13 per cent had given up on going to church, and 5 per cent had given up on both. Giving up was significantly correlated with negative experience of services. Those under the age of forty and Anglo-Catholics were most likely to give up online worship. Women and extraverts were most likely to give up on socially distanced services in church. The results indicate the sorts of people who might drift from the church post-pandemic and what the Church could concentrate on to prevent this process.
Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Untersuchung an Schulen zu Risikofaktoren bei Schulangst
Authors: Fischer Ann-Christin , Dunkake Imke , Ricking Heinrich
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Der nachstehende Beitrag thematisiert das Phänomen Schulabsentismus unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des angstbedingten Meidungsverhaltens und der schulischen Selbstwirksamkeit von Schüler_innen. Zum Gegenstand gemacht werden somit individuelle Risikolagen, die in Bezug auf Schule desintegrative Wirkungen freizusetzen vermögen. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, anhand einer quantitativen Untersuchung an niedersächsischen Schulen mögliche Einflüsse schulbezogener Ängste und der schulischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung auf Schulversäumnisse zu ermitteln.
Promoting Student Teachers’ Well-Being
Authors: Hartl Anna , Holzberger Doris , Hugo Julia , Wolf Kristin , Kunter Mareike
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Student teachers’ well-being is particularly important in times of teacher shortage. To prevent student dropout and promote students’ well-being, demands and resources within university teacher education need to be identified. Demands like workload or time pressure can lead to emotional exhaustion in the long-term, while resources like emotional support may foster well-being. By conducting a quantitative, longitudinal study on 903 student teachers from German universities, we investigate the relationship between the emotional support of peers (as a resource) and emotional exhaustion (an indicator of well-being). In addition, we conducted a qualitative study to analyze demands as possible reasons for dropout during teacher education. Latent change score models indicate that emotional exhaustion first increases and then slightly decreases over the course of three semesters. Emotional support by peers remains stable over time. The bivariate latent change model suggests that social support is not a predictor of later emotional exhaustion. The qualitative study analyzed three main dropout intentions: performance problems, lack of study motivation, and study conditions. Especially study conditions at university can be adjusted and act as a resource to increase students’ well-being.
The Gender-Specific Role of Social Relationships for School Well-Being in Primary School
Authors: Markus Stefan , Rieser Svenja , Schwab Susanne
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Since learning at school is always embedded in a social context, students’ social relationships are considered key variables for their school well-being. But especially studies at the primary school level that examine gender-specific linkages between students’ relationships with peers and teachers and components of their school well-being are lacking. Therefore, a longitudinal study with 351 primary school students was conducted. Girls indicated a better relationship with their teacher, a more positive attitude toward school, and predominantly more beneficial achievement emotions than boys. Manifest multi-group path models suggest that students’ perceived teacher-student-relationship seems to predict their attitude toward school for both genders positively, while its’ connections with particular achievement emotions differ between boys and girls. Student-student-relationships in the sense of comfortableness among classmates showed beneficial connections with positive emotions for girls and negative links with unpleasant emotions for boys. The results suggest that linkages between different social relationships and various dimensions of school well-being are gender-specific and should be considered in their broad variety both in research and instructional practice.
Role of Asian Westerly Jet Core's Zonal Migration in Holocene East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Chen Chunzhu , Zhao Wenwei , Jin Liya
Published: July 2022

Paleoclimatic records reveal spatially asynchronous changes of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation during the Holocene, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study explores the role of the zonal shift of the Asian westerly jet (AWJ) core on the spatial‐temporal variability of EASM precipitation based on Holocene climate simulations using the KCM and CESM forced by orbital variations. We analyzed the composite differences of summer precipitation and associated atmospheric circulations between the early (middle) and middle (late) Holocene. Simulations suggest a dipole pattern of summer precipitation with increasing (decreasing) precipitation in central (southern) China from the early to late Holocene, which was shaped by the eastward shift of the AWJ core. The eastward shift of the AWJ core and the accompanied eastward movement of the upper‐level convergence over the AWJ's right exit region weakened the low‐level downward motions over central China. Meanwhile, the low‐level upward motions over southern China were weakened by the concurrent eastward (westward) migration of the South Asian High (western Pacific subtropical High) during the Holocene. Consequently, summer precipitation increased (decreased) in central (southern) China from the early to late Holocene. The eastward shift of the AWJ core was primarily driven by amplified meridional insolation gradient at middle latitudes via strengthening upper‐level westerly intensity during the Holocene. In addition, land cover difference between East Asia and central Asia caused a greater enhancement of westerlies intensity in East Asia, further modulating the eastward movement of the AWJ core during the Holocene.
Approximating Three‐Dimensional (3‐D) Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants via Deep Learning
Authors: Xu J. Z. , Zhang H. R. , Cheng Z. , Liu J. Y. , Xu Y. Y. , Wang Y. C.
Published: July 2022

The physical transport process is the bottleneck of the computational efficiency in regional chemical transport modeling. The issue will be worse with the smaller time step due to increased iterations required with finer spatial resolution at scale. Reported surrogates of the transport process are usually unfeasible according to integrated assessment of efficiency promotion, long‐term consistency, and spatial dimensions. This study intended to approximate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) transport process (including advection and diffusion) of a state‐of‐the‐art chemical transport model, that is, Models 3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), via the U‐Net structure of deep learning. Two temporal resolutions of models with 1‐hr and 5‐min were developed. Validation results indicated that single‐step R squared of both models were higher than 0.9, and the lifetime for continuous running was 400 and 1,000 steps for 1‐hr and 5‐min model, respectively. Meanwhile, the computational efficiency can be promoted with the maximum of 164 times for 1‐hr and 14 times for 5‐min resolution on one GPU. The 1‐hr deep learning surrogate could still achieve 12 times acceleration on the same CPU configurations of CMAQ, mainly through the end‐to‐end direct inferring rather than time step iterations. This study preliminarily proves the feasibility of the data‐driven approach in approximating the 3‐D complex transport process of atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, computational efficiency can be efficiently improved while maintaining consistency and accuracy. Rapid transport simulation of different pollutants with wide concentration range can be expected, which will finally benefit the acceleration of whole chemical transport modeling.
The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Hydration of the Stratosphere
Authors: Millán L. , Santee M. L. , Lambert A. , Livesey N. J. , Werner F. , Schwartz M. J. , Pumphrey H. C. , Manney G. L. , Wang Y. , Su H. , Wu L. , Read W. G. , Froidevaux L.
Published: July 2022

Following the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruption, several trace gases measured by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) displayed anomalous stratospheric values. Trajectories and radiance simulations confirm that the H2O, SO2, and HCl enhancements were injected by the eruption. In comparison with those from previous eruptions, the SO2 and HCl mass injections were unexceptional, although they reached higher altitudes. In contrast, the H2O injection was unprecedented in both magnitude (far exceeding any previous values in the 17‐year MLS record) and altitude (penetrating into the mesosphere). We estimate the mass of H2O injected into the stratosphere to be 146 ± 5 Tg, or ∼10% of the stratospheric burden. It may take several years for the H2O plume to dissipate. This eruption could impact climate not through surface cooling due to sulfate aerosols, but rather through surface warming due to the radiative forcing from the excess stratospheric H2O.
Modeling the Albedo Neutron Decay Source of Radiation Belt Electrons and Protons
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Looper M. D.
Published: July 2022

A new model of cosmic ray albedo neutron flux above the atmosphere, based on Geant4 simulation of atomic and nuclear interactions, is used to calculate radiation belt neutron‐decay source functions for electrons and protons. The model covers albedo neutron energies from 0 to 100 GeV. Inclusion of the cosmic‐ray east‐west effect provides a corresponding azimuthal dependence in the albedo neutron flux, in addition to zenith angle and energy dependence, with parameterization by cosmic‐ray vertical cutoff and solar F10.7. Inclusion of Earth’s curvature allows forward scattered neutrons to escape into space at remote locations, increasing the source of high‐energy protons. Gravitational effects on low‐energy (thermal and epithermal) neutrons, and their decay in flight, reduce their flux at higher altitude, which determines the strength of the electron source. Model neutron flux and derived neutron density are in good agreement with available balloon and space‐based measurements.