bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of the nurse leader’s proactivity and intellectual stimulation in the nursing team workload–learning relationship: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rashkovits Sarit
Published: May 2019

Aims

To test the role of the nursing team leader's (nurse leader) proactivity in attenuating the adverse effect of the nursing team's workload on the team learning and subsequent performance and to consider the role of intellectual stimulation by the nurse leader in this moderated mediation effect.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Data on 63 nursing teams were collected from various healthcare organizations by having 455 nursing team members and 63 nurse leaders complete validated questionnaires during 2016–2017.

Results

As was hypothesized, the nurse leader's proactivity significantly attenuated the adverse effect of nursing team workload on both nursing team learning and intellectual stimulation. Furthermore, intellectual stimulation significantly predicted nursing team learning. Overall, when the nurse leader's proactivity was low, there was a significant indirect effect of nursing team workload on nursing team performance mediated successively by intellectual stimulation and nursing team learning. When the nurse leader's proactivity was high, however, this indirect effect faded.

Conclusions

Proactive nurse leaders attenuate the adverse effect of nursing team workload on nursing team learning and subsequent performance. While less proactive nurse leaders demonstrate lower levels of intellectual stimulation under high nursing team workloads, the highly proactive nurse leaders sustain its level and thus maintain nursing team learning.

Impact

This study addresses the nursing team workload–learning relationship. It was found that the indirect negative effect of nursing team workload on team performance, which is mediated by intellectual stimulation, followed by team learning, is substantially reduced when the nurse leader's proactivity is high rather than low.
Breast and cervical cancer screening for women with physical disabilities: A qualitative study of experiences and barriers
Authors: Kilic Ayse , Tastan Sevinc , Guvenc Gulten , Akyuz Aygul
Published: May 2019

Aim

To determine the experiences of women with physical disabilities regarding the barriers to their participation in breast and cervical cancer screening.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Method

Sixteen women who use wheelchairs were recruited. Data were collected via semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews between January ‐ March 2017. Interviews were transcribed and data were analysed thematically.

Results

Three main themes were uncovered: (a) Personal factors; such as lack of knowledge, fear and embarrassment, feeling anxious about the examination process and dependency on others; (b) Environmental and structural factors; and (c) expectations and suggestions of women with disabilities to enable their participation in screening.

Conclusion

The participation rate of women with physical disabilities in screening is low. The participation of women with disabilities in breast and cervical cancer screening may increase if physical barriers to accessing healthcare services are removed, appropriate and less time‐consuming examination conditions are met, and healthcare personnel are informed about the needs of persons with disabilities.

Impact

Knowing the barriers for women with physical disabilities to participate in cancer screening can help health professionals develop new procedures to increase their participation to cancer screening. Women with physical disabilities encountered various barriers such as; lack of knowledge, fear and embarrassment, feeling anxious about the examination process and dependency on others, access to the healthcare services, environmental, physical limitations, and inadequate knowledge of healthcare professional about their disability. This study will guide healthcare professionals in developing strategies to increase the participation of women with physical disabilities in screening.
Translating the WHA resolution in a member state: towards a German programme on ‘Destigmatization’ for individuals with visible chronic skin diseases
Authors: Augustin M. , Mrowietz U. , Luck‐Sikorski C. , von Kiedrowski R. , Schlette S. , Radtke M.A. , John S.M. , Zink A. , Suthakharan N. , Sommer R. ,   the German ECHT research group
Published: May 2019

Background

Even today, a substantial number of individuals with visible skin diseases still suffer from incomprehension and stigmatization. About 10 million people are affected by such diseases in Germany. The WHO strongly urges member states to take measures against stigmatization in skin diseases.

Objectives

Objectives are the development of an action programme to raise awareness and address stigmatization. Therefore, conception, development and testing of interventions for the destigmatization of persons with skin diseases in Germany will be carried out.

Methods

A series of actions addressing decision makers, politicians and the Federal Ministry of Health were initiated, all based on the World Health Assembly (WHA). Argumentation was largely based on data from health services research. Supported by the Federal Ministry of Health, a concept against stigmatization was developed by an expert consortium of researchers, dermatologists and patients. Specific strategies of structured destigmatization between those affected and those not will be developed and scientifically evaluated.

Results

The activities addressed to politics were – to a large extent – successfully and financially supported by a 3‐year programme (2018–2020), designed to develop interventions against stigma. It was funded by the Federal Ministry of Health. The project includes conception and development, intervention and evaluation, data analyses and development of a long‐term concept.

Conclusions

The WHO's call against stigmatization in psoriasis (resolution WHA67.9 and global report on psoriasis 2016) was taken into account and developed into a destigmatization programme supported by the German government and German politicians. This has been achieved by successful collaborations between dermatologists, researchers, patients and policymakers. Next step will be the testing of interventions in situations and surroundings, where stigmatization usually occurs. The data will be used for the implementation of a long‐term concept that can be used to continue destigmatization in Germany far beyond the project′s initial phase.
Does capital structure differently affect incumbents' responses to entry threat and actual entry?
Authors: Ma Chao
Published: May 2019

Some theories predict that firms with higher financial leverage compete more aggressively in product markets than firms with lower financial leverage, whereas others predict that lower‐leverage firms compete more aggressively than higher‐leverage firms. This paper studies how incumbent airlines' capital structure affects their responses to Southwest Airlines' entry threat and actual entry. The results indicate that, when responding to entry threat, lower‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than higher‐leverage incumbents; in contrast, when responding to actual entry, higher‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than lower‐leverage incumbents.
Vibrogen‐2 vaccine trial in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Chakraborty Setu , Cao Trung , Hossain Ahmed , Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Vasquez Ignacio , Boyce Danny , Santander Javier
Published: May 2019

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a native fish of the North Atlantic Ocean, is utilized as cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestations in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. However, bacterial infections are affecting cleaner fish performance. Vibrio anguillarum, the aetiological agent of vibriosis, is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in lumpfish, and effective vaccine programmes against this pathogen have been identified as a high priority for lumpfish. Vibrogen‐2 is a commercial polyvalent bath vaccine that contains formalin‐inactivated cultures of V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2, and Vibrio ordalii. In this study, we evaluated Vibrogen‐2 efficacy in lumpfish against a local isolated V. anguillarum strain. Two groups of 125 lumpfish were bath‐immunized, bath‐boost‐immunized at four weeks post‐primary immunization, and intraperitoneally (i.p.) boost‐immunized at eight weeks post‐primary immunization. The control groups were i.p. mock‐immunized with PBS. Twenty‐seven weeks post‐primary immunization, the fish were i.p. challenged with 10 or 100 times the V. anguillarum J360 LD50 dose. After the challenge, survival was monitored daily, and samples of tissues were collected at ten days post‐challenge. Commercial vaccine Vibrogen‐2 reduced V. anguillarum tissue colonization and delayed mortality but did not confer immune protection to C. lumpus against the V. anguillarum i.p. challenge.
BAK1‐mediated phosphorylation of canonical G protein alpha during flagellin signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xue Jiao , Gong Ben‐Qiang , Yao Xinran , Huang Xiangjuan , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: May 2019

Heterotrimeric G proteins consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ are conserved signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Without analogs to canonical animal G protein‐coupled receptors, plant cells are thought to use RGS1 and a yet unknown mechanism to regulate the activity of Gα. Meanwhile, the exact role of canonical Gα in plant innate immunity remains controversial. Here, we report multiple immune deficiencies in the null allele of Arabidopsis Gα (GPA1) in response to bacterial flg22 elicitor, clarifying a positive regulatory role of GPA1 in flg22 signaling. We also detect overall increased phosphorylation of GPA1 but reduced phosphorylation at Thr19 upon flg22 elicitation. Interestingly, flg22 could not induce phosphorylation of GPA1T19A and GPA1T19D, suggesting that the dynamic Thr19 phosphorylation is required for GPA1 to respond to flg22. Moreover, flg22‐induced GPA1 phosphorylation is largely abolished in the absence of BAK1 in vivo, and BAK1 could phosphorylate GPA1 but not GPA1T19A in vitro at the phosphorylation sites identified in vivo, suggesting BAK1 is likely the kinase for GPA1 phosphorylation in response to flg22. Furthermore, the T19A mutation could promote flg22‐induced association, rather than dissociation, between GPA1 and RGS1. Taken together, our findings shed new insights into the function and regulation of GPA1 in Arabidopsis defense signaling.
Interference illumination of three nonzero‐order beams for LCOS‐based structured illumination microscopy
Authors: QU Y. , PAN H. , PENG R. , NIU J. , LI C.
Published: May 2019

To avoid the need for a mask and polarisation‐adjusting devices, and to solve the problem of low fringe contrast caused by the reflected light along with 0th‐order diffraction beam, this paper presents an illumination method using three nonzero‐order diffraction beams in liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS)‐based structured illumination microscopy. Here, a LCOS‐based spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to diffract the collimated light and a rotating frosted film is used to reduce the spatial coherence of the laser; then, the fringe is produced by adjusting the SLM angle to allow three nonzero‐order diffraction beams to interfere on the sample surface. Interference fringes with high contrast in all directions can be obtained without considering polarisation control and the removal of the 0th‐order diffraction beam, which demonstrates that the optical setup is simple and easy to control. We carried out experiments on a photolithographic pattern on a silicon chip, and the resolution after reconstruction is 210 nm, reaching the theoretical resolution at our experiment condition and nearly half of the Rayleigh resolution limit (100× objective, NA = 0.8), which is 406 nm.

Lay Description

SIM has been widely applied in imaging of biological sample owing to its advantage of super‐resolution. Commonly the structured illumination is produced by interfering two or three diffractive beams and the fringe contrast affects the reconstruction result directly. In this study about liquid‐crystal‐on‐silicon based structured illumination microscopy (LCOS‐based SIM), we presents an illumination method using three nonzero‐order diffractive beams.

Our method can avoid the need for a mask and the polarisation‐adjusting devices, because three‐beam interference can reduce the influence of polarisation on the fringe contrast. Besides, 0th‐order beam is not used, because reflected light still exists even the grey level of the picture‐pixels uploaded to spatial light modulator are all 0, which means the 0th‐order beam will bring obvious noise. Using our method, interference fringe with high contrast in all directions can be obtained at a relatively high utilisation rate of laser intensity without considering the control of polarisation.

Our setup is simple and easy to control, because the adjustment of the deflection angle of the spatial light modulator can realise the removal of the zero diffraction order. We have analysed and discussed the reasons why the interference of three nonzero‐order beams can avoid the influence of polarisation and amplitude. The experiments carried out on a photolithographic pattern on silicon chip showed that the resolution after reconstruction is 210 nm, reaching the half of the Rayleigh resolution limit (100× objective, NA=0.8), which is 406 nm.
Extranodal extension in oral cancer: A role for the nodal microenvironment?
Authors: Pilborough Alice E. , Lambert Daniel W. , Khurram Syed A.
Published: May 2019

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and accounts for the majority of head and neck cancers. Metastasis of primary tumours, primarily to cervical lymph nodes in the neck, is associated with worsening prognosis. Furthermore, the prognosis of patients with extranodal extension of metastatic tumour from the lymph nodes into the neck tissues is particularly poor. The factors affecting this process are poorly understood, and detection is difficult pre‐surgery. Mounting evidence shows that components of the tumour microenvironment including cancer‐associated fibroblasts, vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix and inflammatory immune cells, are important modulators of tumour behaviour in primary OSCC and other cancers. However, little is known about the lymph node microenvironment, its response to tumour presence and role in extranodal extension. In addition, there are many lymph node‐specific cell types and structures, such as fibroblast reticular cells and high endothelial venules, making the lymph node microenvironment distinct from that found at primary tumour sites, and which contribute to the nodal response to tumour presence. This review details the current knowledge regarding the lymph node tumour microenvironment in OSCC and its role in lymph node metastasis and extranodal extension and relates this to features of the primary tumour. Understanding the role that the lymph node microenvironment plays in promoting tumour development and extranodal extension may aid the identification of novel biomarkers and alternative treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced OSCC.
A Comparison of Pediatric Traumatic Injuries on Farms and Residences from 2009 to 2014
Authors: Cooper Gena , Zagel Alicia , Nickel Amanda , Ortega Henry
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Children injured on farms in the United States are hospitalized at 14 times the rate of children with injuries unrelated to farming. This study characterizes pediatric injuries occurring on farms compared to injuries in homes.

Methods

We examined the National Trauma Data Bank from 2009 to 2014 to identify children ages 0‐17 with ICD‐9 E‐codes reflecting a farm or residential place of injury occurrence. Appropriate nonparametric tests were used to compare patient, injury, and hospitalization characteristics by injury locale. Mixed effects models for binary responses were used to examine the odds of an injury occurring on a farm versus at home, and we controlled for random effects of trauma center after adjustment for potential confounding variables including age, sex, and categorical injury severity.

Findings

There were 2,776 injuries on farms, and 133,119 injuries at homes. Children injured on farms had a median age of 10 years compared to 4 years at homes (P < .001). Machinery injuries were 19 times more frequent on farms (P < .001), and injuries to multiple anatomic locations were twice as frequent on farms (P < .001). Children injured on farms required helicopter transport 4 times as often as those injured at home. Additionally, children injured on farms were nearly 2.5 times more likely to have a length of stay greater than 7 days.

Conclusion

Injuries occur during the course of childhood; however, injuries sustained in a farming environment are more severe and require greater clinical management than injuries which occur in the home.
The prevalence of restless sleep disorder among a clinical sample of children and adolescents referred to a sleep centre
Authors: DelRosso Lourdes M. , Ferri Raffaele
Published: May 2019

Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is a newly described sleep disorder in children characterized by large body movements and repositioning that lasts all night with at least five body movements per hour and a significant impact on daytime behaviours. The authors have previously identified and described the syndrome and compared the sleep parameters and sleep‐related movements to those in children with restless legs syndrome, normal controls and snorers. The current study is a retrospective review of the sleep diagnosis in 300 consecutive children seen and evaluated in a single sleep disorders centre; 252 children underwent polysomnography, as clinically indicated, to identify the proper diagnosis. The current research estimates the prevalence of RSD in a sleep clinical setting to be 7.7% and compares it to the prevalence of other common sleep disorders in the same setting. Another important addition to the literature is the fact that RSD can coexist with other sleep disorders, such as habitual snoring and parasomnia, without confounding the diagnosis.
The role of saliva in oral processing: Reconsidering the breakdown path paradigm
Authors: Boehm Michael W. , Yakubov Gleb E. , Stokes Jason R. , Baier Stefan K.
Published: May 2019

We discuss food oral processing research over the last two decades and consider strategies for quantifying the food breakdown model, originally conceptualized by Hutchings and Lillford. The key innovation in their seminal 1988 paper was shifting the focus from intact food properties, measured in the lab, toward strategies to capture the dynamic nature of eating. This has stimulated great progress in the field, but a key aspect missing in oral processing research is the conversion of the Hutchings and Lillford breakdown path conceptual model into quantifiable parameters considered in the context of physiological factors such as saliva and oral movements. To address these shortcomings, we propose the following analysis: Hutchings's and Lillford's definitions of “Structure” and “Lubrication” are incomplete and they comprise many and varied physicochemical properties. We offer, here, a deeper analysis of each parameter, and propose strategies for researchers to consider in their quantification as an update of the Hutchings and Lillford Breakdown path.
Alteration of liver‐infiltrated and peripheral blood double‐negative T‐cells in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Li Shu X. , Lv Ting T. , Zhang Chun P. , Wang Tian Q. , Tian Dan , Sun Guang Y. , Wang Yan , Zhao Xin Y. , Duan Wei J. , Chen Sha , Li Min , Ma Hong , Kong Yuan Y. , You Hong , Ou Xiao J. , Chen Guang Y. , Su Jian R. , Zhang Dong , Jia Ji D.
Published: May 2019

Background & Aims

Double‐negative (DN) T‐cell is a unique regulatory T‐cell, which is essential for maintaining immune system homoeostasis. However, the role of DN T‐cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is still unknown.

Methods

We investigated the number and function of DN T‐cells in peripheral blood and liver biopsy specimens of PBC patients.

Results

The number and frequency of DN T‐cells significantly decreased in peripheral blood and liver tissue of PBC patients. Furthermore, the frequency of DN T‐cells in PBC was negatively correlated with disease severity and positively correlated with ursodeoxycholic acid response. In vitro assays showed that perforin expression and the suppressive capability of DN T‐cells on the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells were impaired in PBC. Finally, lithocholic acid, the most hydrophobic acid, could downregulate the proliferation and perforin expression of DN T‐cells.

Conclusions

Decreased quantity and function of DN T‐cells in PBC may result in the loss of immune regulations on effector CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cells, and thereby may break the immune tolerance and promote the pathogenesis of PBC.
Insights about the formation of a complex impact structure formed in basalt from numerical modeling: The Vista Alegre structure, southern Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Marcos Alberto Rodrigues , Rocha Fernanda Farias , Crósta Alvaro Penteado , Wünnemann Kai , Güldemeister Nicole , Leite Emilson Pereira , Ferreira Júlio César , Reimold Wolf Uwe
Published: May 2019

We present the outcomes of simulations of the formation of the Vista Alegre impact structure, Paraná Basin, Brazil. The target comprised a thick sequence of volcanic rocks of predominantly basaltic composition of the Serra Geral Formation that had been deposited on top of sedimentary rocks (sandstones) of the Pirambóia/Botucatu formations. The cratering process was modeled using the iSALE shock physics code. Our best‐fit model suggests that (1) the crater was originally ~10 km in size; (2) it was formed in ~115 s by a stony projectile of 1000 m in diameter, for an assumed impact velocity of 12 km s−1; (3) target rocks underwent a peak pressure of ~20 GPa, in agreement with previous petrographic investigations of shock deformation. Furthermore, the model points out that the sedimentary strata below the layer of volcanic rocks were raised by ~650 meters at the central part of the crater, which resulted in the current partial exposure of the sandstones at the surface. The outcomes of our modeling suggest that parameters like cohesion and strength of the target rocks, after shock compression, determined the final morphology of the crater, especially the absence of a topographically prominent central peak. Finally, the results of the numerical modeling are roughly in agreement with gravity data over the structure, in particular with respect to the presence of the uplifted sedimentary strata, which are responsible for a low gravity signature at the center of the structure.
The Apostasy of the Church and the Cross of Christ: Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Mystery of the Church as Casta Meretrix
Authors: Lawson Stephen D.
Published: May 2019

The ongoing moral and theological catastrophe of persistent and pervasive clergy sexual abuse across the Catholic Church makes theological reflection on sin in the church essential. This essay has two parts. The first, longer part is a hermeneutical argument. I offer a contextualized interpretation of Hans Urs von Balthasar's 1960 essay “Casta Meretrix,” in which he traced the image of the church as a “chaste harlot” through the Christian tradition. I demonstrate that several recent interpretations of this essay have not penetrated to its radical heart. A close reading of the text reveals that here Balthasar affirmed that the church sins precisely as the church, and not merely as individual members. The motivation for this affirmation was not the empirical failures of individuals, but was properly dogmatic—a necessary implication of christology. In the second and concluding part of the essay, I contend that even though Balthasar's use of the feminized image of the casta meretrix does have significant problems and should not be uncritically adopted today, the underlying theological claim regarding the church as sinner is theologically significant. He affirmed a necessary ecclesiological truth, one that can help the church recover its visibility and better understand its essence in repentance, which is all the more essential in light of the continuing revelations of clergy sexual abuse.
Theorizing the (Anglican) lex orandi: A Theological Account
Authors: Cocksworth Ashley
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the lex orandi, an under‐theorized yet central strand of Anglican theological identity. The aim is to provide some theological grounding to the ‘law of prayer’ and is motivated by the question: what, theologically speaking, does the lex orandi do? The first section explores the historical origins of the lex orandi in the Augustinian tradition and then its reception into mainstream Anglican theology. From there, the second section moves beyond Anglicanism by offering a codification of the various operations of the lex orandi, focusing in particular on its role in correcting, communicating and then complexifying Christian belief. The final section explores in further detail the nature of Christian belief as it is re‐routed through spiritual practice and takes, as a sort of test case, aspects of the doctrine of creation ex nihilo to display the ‘complexifying logic’ of the law of prayer.
Light affects heart rate's 24‐h rhythmicity in intensive care unit patients: an observational study
Authors: Korompeli Anna , Kavrochorianou Nadia , Molcan Lubos , Muurlink Olav , Boutzouka Eleni , Myrianthefs Pavlos , Fildissis Georgios
Published: May 2019

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients experience two affronts to normal 24‐h rhythms: largely internal events such as medication and external factors such as light, noise and nursing interventions.

Aims and objectives

We investigated the impact of light variance within an ICU on 24‐h rhythmicity of three key physiological parameters: heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and body temperature (BT) in this patient population.

Design

Patients were assigned to beds either in the ‘light’ or ‘dark’ side within a single ICU. An actigraph continuously recorded light intensity for a 24–72‐h period.

Methods

Measurements of HR, MAP and BT were recorded every 30 min.

Results

HR, MAP and BT did not follow 24‐h rhythmicity in all patients. Higher light exposure in the Light Side of the ICU (122·3 versus 50·6 lx) was related to higher HR (89·4 versus 79·8 bpm), which may translate to clinically relevant outcomes in a larger sample. Duration of stay, the one clinical outcome measured in this study, showed no significant variation between the groups (p = 0·147).

Conclusions

ICU patients are exposed to varying light intensities depending on bed positioning relative to natural sunlight, affecting the 24‐h rhythm of HR. Larger, well‐controlled studies also investigating the effect of relevant light intensity are indicated.

Relevance to clinical practice

Light is a variable that can be manipulated in the constrained environment of an ICU, thus offering an avenue for relatively unobtrusive interventions.
Drought regimens predict life history strategies in Heliophila
Authors: Monroe J. Grey , Gill Brian , Turner Kathryn G. , McKay John K.
Published: May 2019

Explaining variation in life history strategies is an enduring goal of evolutionary biology and ecology. Early theory predicted that for plants, annual and perennial life histories reflect adaptations to environments that experience alternative drought regimens. Nevertheless, empirical support for this hypothesis from comparative analyses remains lacking.

Here, we test classic life history theory in Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae), a diverse genus of flowering plants native to Africa, controlling for phylogeny and integrating 34 yr of satellite‐based drought detection with 2192 herbaria occurrence records.

We find that the common ancestor of these species was likely to be an annual, and that perenniality and annuality have repeatedly evolved, an estimated seven and five times, respectively. By comparing historical drought regimens, we show that annuals rather than perennial species occur in environments where droughts are significantly more frequent. We also find evidence that annual plants adapt to predictable drought regimens by escaping drought‐prone seasons as seeds.

These results yield compelling support for longstanding theoretical predictions by revealing the importance of drought frequency and predictability to explain plant life history. More broadly, this work highlights scalable approaches, integrating herbaria records and remote sensing to address outstanding questions in evolutionary ecology.
Ricoeur’s narrative philosophy: A source of inspiration in critical hermeneutic health research
Authors: Missel Malene , Birkelund Regner
Published: May 2019

Patient‐centred care has gained ground in health service following a health policy initiative aimed at changing the paternalistic culture towards one with more patient involvement. Development of knowledge relating to people's lived experiences of illness is important in this context. Literature in the field of health science describes methods for exploring what is at stake for people affected by illness, and the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur has been a significant source of inspiration. Especially, Ricoeur's interpretation theory has been construed and applied in different, often schematic, methodological variations, whereas his narrative philosophy is a little used source of inspiration. Health science has been characterized by a biomedical awareness of method and the idea that there is a direct and immediate path to patients' experiences, a viewpoint that can be traced back to Descartes and the philosophy of subjectivism. Opposed to Descartes, Ricoeur says that we are already embedded in a world of traditions and meanings over which we have no control. According to Ricoeur, we leave traces when we express ourselves, and traces are formed by the world of meanings and traditions to which we belong. Often, the sense in the traces is hidden, making it impossible to directly understand individual's experiences. Reflection on an individual's lived experiences must take place via the narratives in which the individual expresses themselves. The centrepiece of Ricoeur's narrative philosophy is the threefold mimesis, which is an approach to understanding the meaning of peoples' lived experiences. The philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer plays an important role in Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, although he has criticized Gadamer for failing to include one dimension in his philosophy; he finds this dimension in Habermas' ideology critique. Ricoeur's ideology critique is absent in health science research, which is why it has been made a focal point in this article.
Next‐generation sequencing identified genomic region and diagnostic markers for resistance to bacterial wilt on chromosome B02 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Luo Huaiyong , Pandey Manish K. , Khan Aamir W. , Wu Bei , Guo Jianbin , Ren Xiaoping , Zhou Xiaojing , Chen Yuning , Chen Weigang , Huang Li , Liu Nian , Lei Yong , Liao Boshou , Varshney Rajeev K. , Jiang Huifang
Published: May 2019

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating disease affecting over 350 plant species. A few peanut cultivars were found to possess stable and durable bacterial wilt resistance (BWR). Genomics‐assisted breeding can accelerate the process of developing resistant cultivars by using diagnostic markers. Here, we deployed sequencing‐based trait mapping approach, QTL‐seq, to discover genomic regions, candidate genes and diagnostic markers for BWR in a recombination inbred line population (195 progenies) of peanut. The QTL‐seq analysis identified one candidate genomic region on chromosome B02 significantly associated with BWR. Mapping of newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers narrowed down the region to 2.07 Mb and confirmed its major effects and stable expressions across three environments. This candidate genomic region had 49 nonsynonymous SNPs affecting 19 putative candidate genes including seven putative resistance genes (R‐genes). Two diagnostic markers were successfully validated in diverse breeding lines and cultivars and could be deployed in genomics‐assisted breeding of varieties with enhanced BWR.
Invertebrate DNA metabarcoding reveals changes in communities across mine site restoration chronosequences
Authors: Fernandes Kristen , van der Heyde Mieke , Coghlan Megan , Wardell‐Johnson Grant , Bunce Michael , Harris Richard , Nevill Paul
Published: May 2019

Invertebrate biomonitoring can reveal crucial information about the status of restoration projects; however, it is routinely underused because of the high level of taxonomic expertise and resources required. Invertebrate DNA metabarcoding has been used to characterize invertebrate biodiversity but its application in restoration remains untested. We use DNA metabarcoding, a new approach for restoration assessment, to explore the invertebrate composition from pitfall traps at two mine site restoration chronosequences in southwestern Australia. Invertebrates were profiled using two cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 assays to investigate invertebrate biodiversity. The data revealed differences between invertebrate communities at the two mines and between the different age plots of the chronosequences. Several characteristic taxa were identified for each age within the chronosequence, including springtails within the youngest sites (Order: Collembola) and millipedes within the oldest and reference sites (Order: Julida). This study facilitates development of a molecular “toolkit” for the monitoring of ecological restoration projects. We suggest that a metabarcoding approach shows promise in complementing current monitoring practices that rely on alpha taxonomy.
Geology, Mineralogy, Geochronology, and Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Luanling Gold Telluride Deposit, Western Henan Province, Central China
Authors: Chao Weiwei , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Ye Huishou , Mao Jingwen , Geng Yanguang , Bi Minfeng , Wang Peng , Pei Qiuming
Published: May 2019

The Luanling gold telluride deposit in the Xiong'ershan region is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit formed in four stages, that is, an early pyrite‐quartz stage (I), a pyrite‐molybdenite stage (II), a sulfide‐telluride‐gold stage (III), and a late carbonate stage (IV). Six species of telluride in stage (III) are recognized, including hessite, altaite, petzite, unidentified Au‐Ag‐Te mineral, empressite, and unidentified Ag‐Te‐S mineral. Gold occurs mostly as native gold and electrum along the microfractures of sulfides or the contact between sulfide and telluride. The mineralization temperature of stage I and stage III ranges from 296 to 377°C and 241 to 324°C, respectively. Tellurides in stage III precipitate at the logƒS2from −14.3 to −7.3 and logƒTe2from −17.4 to −9.4. The ores were formed in an oxidizing environment. The Re‐Os model ages of molybdenite are 162–164 Ma, which indicate that the main ore formation stage was in the Late Jurassic. The Re contents of five molybdenite samples from the Luanling deposit have a range of 36.32–81.95 ppm, except for one large value of 220 ppm, which indicates that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from a crustal‐dominated source. The δ34S values of sulfides range from −17.6 to −6.2‰, whereas those of sulfates are from 6.8 to 11.5‰. The δ34S∑Svalue of the ore‐forming system is 0.0–3.7‰, indicating that the sulfur of the Luanling deposit derived from a deep igneous source. Mineral association and isotope data of the Luanling deposit, together with its geodynamic setting, imply that this deposit belongs to a part of the metallogenic system of the Nannihu‐Sandaozhuang, Shangfangou porphyry molybdenum deposits, and the Late Jurassic granitic intrusions.
A novel HLA‐B*13 allele, B*13:103N, was identified by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Xiaoyun Chi , Shuxian Jiao , Bin Hu , Zhihui Feng
Published: May 2019

A novel allele B*13:103N was identified in a Chinese individual by sequence‐based typing method.
The Drone and the Honey Bee
Authors: Zeldovich Lina
Published: May 2019

While scientists rush to pin down the cause of colony collapse disorder and race to find a cure, engineers have wondered whether we might one day supplement real bees with mechanical ones. Called DelFly, a miniature robot has been built by an engineering team of the Micro Air Vehicles Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. The engineers there have various practical applications in mind. For example, when perfected, the bots could flit around greenhouses spotting diseases with their cameras. The robots could also be fitted with apparatuses to perform an even more vital and insect-like task—pollinating crops.
The New Industrial Data Economy
Authors: Lieuwen Tim , Noble Bobby
Published: May 2019

Data-driven approaches are increasingly valuable as our ability to store massive amounts of it, the computational power to crunch through it, and the advanced analytics to make sense of it have come to maturity. These opportunities have led to the development of major facilities for aggregating, analyzing, and monetizing data from industrial sources. But the promise of Big Data, machine learning, and data analytics is predicated on access to data. This article delves into four distinct but somewhat overlapping challenges at play in terms of access to data: ownership of data, data nationalism, cybersecurity, and data privacy.
Gas Turbine Powered Campus Update
Authors: Langston Lee S.
Published: May 2019

An updated report is given on the University of Connecticut’s gas turbine combined heat and power plant, now in operation for 13 years after its start in 2006. It has supplied the Storrs Campus with all of its electricity, heating and cooling needs, using three gas turbines that are the heart of the CHP plant. In addition to saving more than $180 million over its projected 40 year life, the CHP plant provides educational benefits for the University.
Development and Assessment of a Microcomputed Tomography Compatible Five Degrees-of-Freedom Knee Joint Motion Simulator
Authors: Blokker Alexandra M. , Getgood Alan M. , Curiale Nathan J. , Nikolov Hristo N. , Laing Justin G. , Holdsworth David W. , Burkhart Timothy A.
Published: May 2019

Currently available knee joint kinematic tracking systems fail to nondestructively capture the subtle variation in joint and soft tissue kinematics that occur in native, injured, and reconstructed joint states. Microcomputed tomography (CT) imaging has the potential as a noninvasive, high-resolution kinematic tracking system, but no dynamic simulators exist to take advantage of this. The purpose of this work was to develop and assess a novel micro-CT compatible knee joint simulator to quantify the knee joint's kinematic and kinetic response to clinically (e.g., pivot shift test) and functionally (e.g., gait) relevant loading. The simulator applies closed-loop, load control over four degrees-of-freedom (DOF) (internal/external rotation, varus/valgus rotation, anterior/posterior translation, and compression/distraction), and static control over a fifth degree-of-freedom (flexion/extension). Simulator accuracy (e.g., load error) and repeatability (e.g., coefficient of variation) were assessed with a cylindrical rubber tubing structure and a human cadaveric knee joint by applying clinically and functionally relevant loads along all active axes. Micro-CT images acquired of the joint at a loaded state were then used to calculate joint kinematics. The simulator loaded both the rubber tubing and the cadaveric specimen to within 0.1% of the load target, with an intertrial coefficient of variation below 0.1% for all clinically relevant loading protocols. The resultant kinematics calculated from the acquired images agreed with previously published values, and produced errors of 1.66 mm, 0.90 mm, 4.41 deg, and 1.60 deg with respect to anterior translation, compression, internal rotation, and valgus rotation, respectively. All images were free of artifacts and showed knee joint displacements in response to clinically and functionally loading with isotropic CT image voxel spacing of 0.15 mm. The results of this study demonstrate that the joint-motion simulator is capable of applying accurate, clinically and functionally relevant loads to cadaveric knee joints, concurrent with micro-CT imaging. Nondestructive tracking of bony landmarks allows for the precise calculation of joint kinematics with less error than traditional optical tracking systems.
Translating Tweets in the Soccer Industry: Identity Management and Visibility in a Global Game
Authors: Baines Roger
Published: May 2019

Migration has created exceptionally diverse communities in many professional soccer leagues. These diverse communities then interact with global audiences, yet the key challenge of communication across languages has not previously been the focus of academic attention. This study investigated Twitter translation practice in this highly commercial industry, drawing from questionnaire and interview data from the perspective of translation providers, figures in the soccer industry, and migrant player and club tweets. The findings reveal tensions between global and local identities as soccer players, soccer clubs, and governing organizations manage identity performance and economic potential across language barriers on social media. These tensions foster debate about cross-language communication on social media in the soccer industry and extend existing work on social media and translation, in particular with regard to professional practice, fluency, and the visibility of translation and translators in this unusual professional setting.
The signaling adaptor BCAP inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in macrophages through interactions with Flightless-1
Authors: Carpentier Samuel J. , Ni Minjian , Duggan Jeffrey M. , James Richard G. , Cookson Brad T. , Hamerman Jessica A.
Published: May 2019

The PI3K signaling adaptor BCAP limits inflammasome activation by interacting with the caspase-1 inhibitor Flightless-1.
Place-Based Case Studies: A New Approach to an Effective Teaching Practice
Authors: Fisher Ginger R. , Esparza David , Olimpo Jeffrey T.
Published: May 2019

Case-based approaches have been used extensively in STEM classrooms to enhance the real-world applicability of course content. Prior research in the bioeducation field indicates, specifically, that such methods lead to increases in students’ conceptual understanding and affect in the discipline relative to more traditional methods. Despite these outcomes, the majority of case study exercises are formatted in a generalist manner. In other words, the content and context of the case study itself are not framed around the communities in which the students live. In an effort to address this concern, we developed and implemented a series of place-based case study (PBCS) exercises within the introductory cell and molecular biology courses at our institutions. A comparative, quasi-experimental approach was used to evaluate the impact of PBCSs versus non-PBCSs on cognitive and non-cognitive student outcomes. Results indicated that both PBCSs and non-PBCSs led to increases in students’ content knowledge; however, no statistically significant difference existed in post-exercise performance between the PBCS and non-PBCS cohorts at the University of Texas, for instance, after controlling for confounding factors. Importantly, data also revealed that students within the PBCS cohort agreed more strongly that the case studies provided them with a better understanding of how scientific advancements and research impacted the community in which they lived than did their peers in the non-PBCS cohort. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that PBCSs offer a scalable, classroom-based approach to engage students in relevant, practical experiences that are of direct interest to them and, ideally, the broader scientific community.
The Emory-Tibet Science Initiative: Rethinking Cross-Cultural Science and Teaching
Authors: Gray Kelsey Marie , Eisen Arri
Published: May 2019

The Emory-Tibet Science Initiative was founded when the Dalai Lama invited Emory to develop and teach a comprehensive curriculum in modern science to Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns. The project was built to grow and nurture a two-way exchange between complementary systems of knowledge. In the 10 years since the first days of the pilot, the interactions between people and places and the scientific and learning processes have served as a platform for exploring teaching across cultures and enriching approaches to teaching and science more generally. As a result of these interactions, we expand our definition of inclusivity in the classroom and the practice of science, emphasize connections and tensions between science and other systems of knowledge, and create space for student and instructor reflection and learning. The next phase of the project will engage students in research projects as tools for learning and as a means to contribute knowledge to the project and the larger science education community.
A One-Year Introductory Biology Majors’ Lab Sequence Incorporating
Vision & Change
Authors: Guenther Merrilee F. , Raimondi Stacey L. , Marsh Tamara L.
Published: May 2019

The introduction of Vision and Change by AAAS and the recommendation that biology departments amend their curricula to focus on key concepts and skills necessary for graduates have led to a re-envisioning of introductory curricula across the nation. Many of the “standard” biology text books have realigned their focus with Vision and Change, while new texts have emerged that completely revise how we teach introductory biology majors. One such textbook is
Integrating Concepts in Biology
(ICB), by Campbell, Heyer, and Paradise. Many departments, including ours, have adopted this text as a novel way to teach biology majors, focusing on active learning, the scientific method, and specifically, understanding data. However, with all of these revisions to biology textbooks, there have been no revisions or insights into corresponding labs for a typical 1-year introductory course sequence. Here, we provide a description of our 1-year lab sequence, emphasizing the scientific method and novel research, with a focus on the five “Big Ideas” presented in ICB. By removing the “cookbook” labs typical of most introductory laboratory courses, we found that this system better emphasized the focus of Vision and Change and, concomitantly, student appeared to enjoy the lab sequence and see the relevance to class material better, compared to previous years. We believe that this lab organization is a simple design that is not resource-intensive and can be utilized at schools of any size or budget.