bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Phototransformations of Bridgehead‐Substituted Dibenzobarrelenes. Steady‐State and Laser Flash Photolysis Studies.
Authors: PRATAPAN S. , ASHOK K. , CYR D. R. , DAS P. K. , GEORGE M. V.
Published: May 2016

The dibenzoyldibenzobarrelenes (I) are prepared by Diels‐Alder reaction of the corresponding anthracenes with dibenzoylacetylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Oxidation of Internal Fluoroolefins by Potassium Permanganate.
Authors: KNUNYANTS I. L. , POSTOVOI S. A. , DELYAGINA N. I. , ZEIFMAN YU. V.
Published: May 2016

The fluoroolefins (I) are oxidized by KMnO4 to give the α‐dicarbonyl compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Potassium Triphenylborohydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups.
Authors: YOON N. M. , KIM K. E.
Published: May 2016

Potassium triphenylborohydride, prepared from triphenylborane and potassium hydride, proves to be a versatile reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Preparation of 1‐Perfluoroalkylalkenes and Alkynes. Palladium Catalyzed Reaction of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides with Organotin Compounds.
Authors: MATSUBARA S. , MITANI M. , UTIMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

The alkenyl and alkynylstannanes (I) are coupled with the perfluoroalkyl iodides (II) in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst, producing the fluorohydrocarbons (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of α‐Acetyl‐Substituted Fluorinated β‐Keto Esters and Their Reactions with 2,4‐Bis(4′‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,4‐dithioxo‐1,3,2,4‐dithiaphosphetane.
Authors: KROKHALEV V. M. , SALOUTIN V. I. , PASHKEVICH K. I.
Published: May 2016

Ethyl acetoacetate (I) is acylated with the fluorocarboxylic acid chlorides (II) to give the triacylmethanes (III) which form chelate complexes with copper salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminomethylation of Dimethyl Sulfite.
Authors: BAIRES S. V. , IVANOV V. B. , KROKHINA S. S. , IVANOV B. E.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of dimethyl sulfite (I) with paraformaldehyde (II) and gaseous dimethylamine (III) yields trimethylammoniomethanesulfonate (IV) whereas condensation reaction of (I) with (II) and (III) in aqueous solution gives dimethylammoniomethanesulfonate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Asteranes. Part 20. Studies in the Pentaasterane Series.
Authors: EBEL K. , KRUEGER H. + , MUSSO H.
Published: May 2016

The trione (III), which may serve as starting material for the preparation of the pentaasterane derivative (IV), is prepared by an improved synthetic pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2:3,4:5,6‐Tris(bicyclo(2.2.2)octeno)tropylium Ion: An All‐Hydrocarbon Carbocation (VIIIa) with Extraordinary Stability.
Authors: KOMATSU K. , AKAMATSU H. , JINBU Y. , OKAMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

The enhanced stability of the title cation (VIIIa) is demonstrated by its pKR+ of 13.0 and a reduction potential of ‐1.120 V (versus Ag/Ag+ in MeCN).
ChemInform Abstract: Forfeiture of the Aromaticity of a Bridged (10)Annulene by Benzanellation.
Authors: HILL R. K. , GIBERSON C. B. , SILVERTON J. V.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the known diester (I) the diacid (IV) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Bis(quinone monoacetals) and Their Anellation to give Bisanthraquinones.
Authors: RUSSELL R. A. , DAY A. I. , PILLEY B. A. , LEAVY P. J. , WARRENER R. N.
Published: May 2016

Electrochemical oxidation of the hydroquinone bisethers (I) and (III) yields the dienones (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Pinacolization of Aromatic and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Mediated by Titanium(III)‐Magnesium(II) Complex.
Authors: HANDA Y. , INANAGA J.
Published: May 2016

Reductive dimerization of the aldehydes (I) is achieved with dicyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride in the presence of sec‐butylmagnesium chloride to produce predominantly the threo‐1,2‐diols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of the Reaction between 7‐Oxabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐en‐2‐one and Organocuprate Reagents.
Authors: ARJONA O. , DE LA PRADILLA R. F. , MANZANO C. , PEREZ S. , PLUMET J.
Published: May 2016

The bicyclic ketone (I) mentioned in the title reacts with the organocuprates (II) or (IV) to produce the alcohols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Attack on 4,7‐Disubstituted Benzofurazans and Their N‐Oxides: Synthesis of Tetrazolo(1,5‐a)azepines.
Authors: BELTON J. G. , MCELHINNEY R. S.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of benzofurazan N‐oxides such as (I) or (XI) or benzofurazans such as (V) or (XIII) carrying electron‐attracting substituents in the 4‐ and 7‐position with various nucleophiles are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Hydroxy‐5‐phenyltetrazole with Epoxides.
Authors: LUK'YANOV O. A. , SHLYKOVA N. I. , STRELENKO YU. A.
Published: May 2016

Ethylene oxide (II) or propylene oxide (V) are coupled with the title compound (I) to give mixtures of the O‐ and N‐alkylated derivatives (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Syntheses of 6‐Arylmethyl‐ and 6‐(1‐E‐Propenyl)‐3‐pyridinols.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , LEBOLD S. A.
Published: May 2016

2‐Aminomethylfuran (I) reacts with the bis(silyl chloride) (II) to give the protected amines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction in Ketone Photochemistry: The First Examples of jξ‐Hydrogen Abstraction.
Authors: CARLESS H. A. J. , MWESIGYE‐KIBENDE S.
Published: May 2016

The phenols (I), (VIII), and (XI) are converted into the phenoxyethyl phenyl ketones (III), (IX), and (XII) which undergo intramolecular photocyclization to give the tetrahydrobenzoxepinols (IV), (V), (X), and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Methylation of α‐Oximinophosphonoacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: MIKITYUK A. D. , KASHEMIROV B. A. , STREPIKHEEV YU. A. , KHOKHLOV P. S.
Published: May 2016

Methylation of the phosphorylated α‐oximinoacetic acid derivatives (I) gives the oxime ethers (III) or the nitrones (VI), together with small amounts of (III) depending on the methylating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Reductions of N‐Diphenylphosphinyl Imines. Synthesis of Axial Primary Cyclic Amines.
Authors: HUTCHINS R. O. , RUTLEDGE M. C.
Published: May 2016

The substituted cyclohexanone oximes (I) react with diphenylchlorophosphine (II) to give the phosphinyl amines (IV) via the oxime ethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbamoylation of 2‐Aminothiazolines with Diethoxythiophosphoryl Isocyanate.
Authors: NEGREBETSKII V. V. , VOROB'EVA N. N. , RAZVODOVSKAYA L. V. , GRAPOV A. F. , MEL'NIKOV N. N.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐alkyl(aryl)aminothiazolines (I) react with the isocyanate (II) at the endocyclic N‐atom to give the carbamoylthiazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an Azastibacubane.
Authors: NEUBERT W. , PRITZKOW H. , LATSCHA H. P.
Published: May 2016

The equimolar reaction between the disilyl‐substituted amine (I) and SbCl5 (II) yields the azastibacubane compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Sb(III) Halides with 1,2‐Dimethyl‐4,5‐bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene.
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , FEDOTOVA N. R. , VINOGRADOVA V. S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene (I) with the antimony(III) halides (II) gives the benzodithiastibepins (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Methylene‐1,3‐diselenole: a Precursor of Tetraselenafulvalene (TSeF).
Authors: JACKSON Y. A. , WHITE C. L. , LAKSHMIKANTHAM M. V. , CAVA M. P.
Published: May 2016

The semicarbazone (I), derived from acetaldehyde, reacts with selenium dioxide (II) to form the 1,2,3‐selenadiazole (III) which rearranges in the presence of tert‐butylate to produce the methylene‐1,3‐diselenole (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylytterbium.
Authors: STAROSTINA T. A. , SHIFRINA R. R. , RYBAKOVA L. F. , PETROV E. S.
Published: May 2016

After activation with methylene iodide, elemental ytterbium (II) reacts with diphenylmercury (I) to give the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusually Stable Mn(II)Mn(III) Complex with Novel EPR Spectra: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism, and EPR Analysis.
Authors: CHANG H.‐R. , DIRIL H. , NILGES M. J. , ZHANG X. , POTENZA J. A. , SCHUGAR H. J. , HENDRICKSON D. N. , ISIED S. S.
Published: May 2016

The addition of Li acetate and NaClO4 to an ethanolic solution containing the 2:1 complex of Mn(O‐Ac)2·4 H2O and the organic ligand followed by air oxidation yields the title complex (I) (no yield given) which crystallizes in the space group Pca21 with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Photolysis Using Functional Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Complexes.
Authors: NUSSBAUMER W. , GRUBER H. , GREBER G. F.
Published: May 2016

The Ru(II) complexes (I) with functional groups are synthesized from RuCl3·3 H2O and corresponding substituted 2,2'‐bipyridine ligands and investigated as sensitizers in photochemical hydrogen production by visible light with the four component system (I)/methylviologen/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/colloidal Pt.
ChemInform Abstract: (Os(η2‐PHS)(CO)2(PPh3)2), a Stable η2‐Thioxophosphine (H‐P=S) Metal Complex.
Authors: BOHLE D. S. , RICKARD C. E. F. , ROPER W. R.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (IIa) and its Se analogue (IIb) are prepared by treating the acetato(phosphine sulfide and selenide) complex (I) with one equiv. CF3SO3H followed by DBU.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mixed‐Valence Tetranuclear Platinum(I,II) Complex with a Pt(I)‐Pt(I) Bond.
Authors: BETZ P. , BINO A.
Published: May 2016

The air‐stable, tetranuclear, unusual mixed‐valence Pt(I,II) compound (I) is isolated from a solution containing K2PtCl4, NaOMe in MeOH, DMSO, DMF, and H2O in the presence of air‐O2.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Transformations of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid. Part 8. Synthesis of 7‐, 8‐, 9‐Desoxy‐ and 4,7‐Didesoxyneuraminic Acid.
Authors: ZBIRAL E. , BRANDSTETTER H. H. , SCHREINER E. P.
Published: May 2016

In view of the biological importance of N‐acetylneuraminic acid the title compounds (II), (VI) and (XI) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Transition‐Metal‐Controlled Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Aristeromycin and (.+‐.)‐2′,3′‐diepi‐Aristeromycin. An Unusual Directive Effect in Hydroxylations.
Authors: TROST B. M. , KUO G.‐H. , BENNECHE T.
Published: May 2016

The palladium catalyzed alkylation of the pyrimidinone (III) with the vinyl epoxides (II) or (IV) proceeds with great regioselectivity to yield either the 1,2‐adduct (I) or the 1,4‐adduct (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of F1,F0‐ATPase Inhibitors. Stereoselective Total Syntheses of (+)‐Citreoviral and (‐)‐Citreoviridin.
Authors: SUH H. , WILCOX C. S.
Published: May 2016

Citreoviral (XIV) and Citreoviridin (XIX), which is an inhibitor of the proton‐translocating mitochondrial enzyme F1,F0‐ATPase, are prepared starting from the lactone (I) via the key intermediate (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Aqueous Growth Medium on the Growth Rate, Composition, and Structure of Hydrous Iridium Oxide Films.
Authors: PICKUP P. G. , BIRSS V. I.
Published: May 2016

The dissolution of Ir oxide during electrochemical growth is found to be much less in neutral LiClO4 solutions than in H2SO4 solutions, allowing higher growth rates to be achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Nitridation of SiO2 Thin Films on Si at 1150 °C
Authors: KOBA R. , TRESSLER R. E.
Published: May 2016

is performed in 1 atm NH3 (10‐240 min) using thermally grown SiO2 films of varying thickness (12‐163 nm).
ChemInform Abstract: Thin Silicon Dioxide Using the Rapid Thermal Oxidation (RTO) Process for Trench Capacitors.
Authors: MIYAI Y. , YONEDA K. , OISHI H. , UCHIDA H. , INOUE M.
Published: May 2016

Planar and trench MOS capacitors are fabricated using RTO and their electrical characteristics as well as the SiO2 growth characteristics are determined.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Irrigated Agricultural Crops, El‐Saff Wastewater Canal, Egypt
Authors: Farrag Karam , Elbastamy Elsayed , Ramadan Amr
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to assess the extent of some heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in wastewater irrigated soils and their translocation in different food (cabbage, onion, garlic, fava bean, wheat, peppermint) and feed (clover) crops as well as their potential risk on human and livestock. Crop samples were collected from farmlands along El‐Saff wastewater canal, southern Giza governorate, Egypt. The analysis of wastewater and soil samples indicated that most of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals concentrations were within the limits proposed by FAO (1985) and FAO/WHO (2007) for irrigation water and agricultural soils, respectively. Heavy metals concentrations varied among different crop species, in particular Zn and Cu showed the highest concentrations. The order of heavy metals concentrations in different edible parts was Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. The heavy metals transfer factors of edible parts revealed high translocation values of Zn, Ni, and Cu by fava bean, Cd by garlic, Cr by peppermint, and Pb by fava bean and onion. Except for Cr and Ni, most of the metal concentrations were found within the permissible limits regulated for health standard. Furthermore, the performed health risk index indicated low health risk for humans and animals if edible parts from studied crops are consumed. Regular monitoring of heavy metal concentration in wastewater, soil, and agricultural crops in the study area is necessary.
Are sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish special? Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the closely related species Archocentrus centrarchus
Authors: Fruciano Carmelo , Franchini Paolo , Raffini Francesca , Fan Shaohua , Meyer Axel
Published: May 2016

Established empirical cases of sympatric speciation are scarce, although there is an increasing consensus that sympatric speciation might be more common than previously thought. Midas cichlid fish are one of the few substantiated cases of sympatric speciation, and they formed repeated radiations in crater lakes. In contrast, in the same environment, such radiation patterns have not been observed in other species of cichlids and other families of fish. We analyze morphological and genetic variation in a cichlid species (Archocentrus centrarchus) that co‐inhabits several crater lakes with the Midas species complex. In particular, we analyze variation in body and pharyngeal jaw shape (two ecologically important traits in sympatrically divergent Midas cichlids) and relate that to genetic variation in mitochondrial control region and microsatellites. Using these four datasets, we analyze variation between and within two Nicaraguan lakes: a crater lake where multiple Midas cichlids have been described and a lake where the source population lives. We do not observe any within‐lake clustering consistent across morphological traits and genetic markers, suggesting the absence of sympatric divergence in A. centrarchus. Genetic differentiation between lakes was low and morphological divergence absent. Such morphological similarity between lakes is found not only in average morphology, but also when analyzing covariation between traits and degree of morphospace occupation. A combined analysis of the mitochondrial control region in A. centrarchus and Midas cichlids suggests that a difference between lineages in the timing of crater lake colonization cannot be invoked as an explanation for the difference in their levels of diversification. In light of our results, A. centrarchus represents the ideal candidate to study the genomic differences between these two lineages that might explain why some lineages are more likely to speciate and diverge in sympatry than others.
Yukimarimo at Dome C, Antarctica
Authors: PETENKO IGOR
Published: May 2016

Balls of frost (yukimarimo) up to 12 cm in diameter and weighing up to 14 g were observed forming in light winds in the temperature range, −70 to −60 °C at Dome Charlie, Antarctica, during the 2014 winter. Their density ranged from 15 to 60 kg m−3. Meteorological conditions during four formation periods are tabulated. Their formation seems to be due to a clumping of crystals caused by electrostatic attraction, followed by the collection of hoarfrost crystals while rolling along the snow surface.
Circle of Sarkisov Links on a Fano 3-Fold
Authors: Ahmadinezhad Hamid , Zucconi Francesco
Published: May 2016

For a general Fano 3-fold of index 1 in the weighted projective space ℙ(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3) we construct two new birational models that are Mori fibre spaces in the framework of the so-called Sarkisov program. We highlight a relation between the corresponding birational maps, as a circle of Sarkisov links, visualizing the notion of relations in the Sarkisov program.
‘CONTESTS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE’: BY-ELECTIONS, THE LABOUR PARTY, AND THE RESHAPING OF BRITISH RADICALISM, 1924–1929
Authors: PETRIE MALCOLM R.
Published: May 2016

Via an examination of the Labour party's approach to by-election campaigning in Scotland between the fall of the first Labour administration in October 1924 and the party's return to office in May 1929, this article explores the changing horizons of British radicalism in an era of mass democracy. While traditional depictions of interwar politics as a two-party contest in which political allegiances were shaped primarily by social class have increasingly been questioned, accounts of Labour politics in this period have focused chiefly on national responses to the challenges posed by the expanded franchise. In contrast, this article considers local experiences, as provincial participation and autonomy, particularly in candidate selection and electioneering, came to be viewed as an impediment to wider electoral success, and political debate coalesced around attempts to speak for a political nation that was, as the focus on Scotland reveals, indisputably British. Often portrayed as evidence of ideological divisions, such internal quarrels had crucial spatial features, and reflected a conflict between two models of political identity and participation: one oppositional in outlook, local in loyalty, and rooted in the radical tradition, the other focused upon electoral concerns and Labour's national standing.
Analysis of carbohydrates in breeding females of the sea star Anasterias minuta Perrier 1875. Metabolic interrelations between different organs and the brooding process
Authors: Cerda Roberto Carlos , Flores María Luján , Zaixso Hector Eliseo , Córdoba Osvaldo León
Published: May 2016

The sea star Anasterias minuta broods the embryos in the oral region; embryos then block the mouth and prevent the parent from taking up nutrients during the brooding period. Here, we analysed content of carbohydrates in different organs as well as in eggs, embryos and juveniles of A. minuta. We found that these biochemical components are used mainly by the pyloric caeca and the body wall as reserve substances to endure the periods of reduced consumption rates of non-brooding females and males and the long-term starvation of brooding females. The ability to translocate carbohydrates from females to embryos and juveniles observed in other species of sea stars was not confirmed.
Work, health and the commodification of life's time: reframing work–life balance and the promise of a long life
Authors: BIGGS SIMON , McGANN MICHAEL , BOWMAN DINA , KIMBERLEY HELEN
Published: May 2016

How to respond to an ageing society has become an increasingly important question, for employers, workers and policy makers. Here we critically engage with that debate, arguing that future approaches to the relationship between work and age should take into account multiple influences on older worker behaviour, including the combination of economic, lifecourse and personal priorities. We consider the international consensus that has emerged about the primacy of work as the solution to what to do with a long life. We then address the uncertain nature of work as it affects older workers, and discuss the commodification of time in relation to a productivist approach to demographic ageing and the attitudes of older workers themselves. A tension is noted between pressures for continuity and discontinuity within the adult lifecourse which is often eclipsed within a policy discourse that tends to focus on continuity as a route to social legitimacy. Thinking about life-time as a meta-narrative, a tension between existential life priorities and commodification, may help to explain the ease with which ‘live longer–work longer’ policies both dominate and obscure the potential of a long life. Finally, we examine the implications for work–life balance and suggest this needs to be radically re-thought when addressing the purpose of a longer working life and the promise of a long life in general.
Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in children and adolescents with drug-refractory arrhythmia
Authors: Vasichkina Elena , Poghosyan Hermine , Mitrofanova Lubov , Tatarsky Roman , Lebedev Dmitry
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the results of endomyocardial biopsy from the right ventricle to establish the possible cause for drug-refractory arrhythmias in children.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 19 consecutive young patients with drug-refractory arrhythmia, from 2010 to 2013, who underwent endomyocardial biopsy. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age <18 years with a structurally normal heart or mild changes in a structure of the heart initially diagnosed as arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. Overall, 86 biopsies were performed in 19 patients. Histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction were used for the interpretation of the endomyocardial biopsy.

Results

The mean age of the patient population was 14.1±2.9 year (range from 7 to 17 years). All these patients had a history of drug-refractory arrhythmia for >5 months (mean 30 months). Patients underwent a complete history investigation, physical examination, laboratory studies, echocardiography, electrocardiography, treadmill test, and Holter monitoring before endomyocardial biopsy; two patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia had implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and further appropriate successful device shocks. Myocarditis was diagnosed based on histopathological and immunohistological analyses in nine (47.4%) patients. Polymerase chain reaction was positive for viral genome in four of them; five patients had active myocarditis. Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 17 patients; five out of six (83%) endomyocardial biopsy-proved myocarditis patients had successful radiofrequency ablation. No significant complication was reported during ablation and endomyocardial biopsy.

Conclusions

Approximately half of the children with drug-refractory arrhythmia had unsuspected myocarditis according to the results of the endomyocardial biopsy.
Monitoring drug–lipid membrane interactions via a molecular rotor probe
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Zhao Tao , Sun Zhihua
Published: May 2016

A label-free sensing method based on membrane viscosity changes to study the interactions between small drug molecules and lipid bilayers.
Reactive force field development for magnesium chloride hydrates and its application for seasonal heat storage
Authors: Pathak Amar Deep , Nedea Silvia , van Duin Adri C. T. , Zondag Herbert , Rindt Camilo , Smeulders David
Published: May 2016

We present the development of the ReaxFF of MgCl2 hydrates and its application for seasonal heat storage. This study, indicate the validity of the ReaxFF approach for studying MgCl2 hydrates and provide important atomistic-scale insight of reaction kinetics and H2O transport.
Impedimetric detection and lumped element modelling of a hemagglutination assay in microdroplets
Authors: Marcali Merve , Elbuken Caglar
Published: May 2016

We present a droplet-based microfluidic system to detect agglutination reactions inside microdroplets using a label-free approach.
Fabrication of honeycomb films from highly functional dendritic structures: electrostatic force driven immobilization of biomolecules
Authors: De León A. S. , Malhotra S. , Molina M. , Calderón M. , Muñoz-Bonilla A. , Rodríguez-Hernández J.
Published: May 2016

Herein we report the preparation of honeycomb porous films for selective immobilization of biomolecules via the breath figure technique, a water-assisted micropatterning method.
The synthesis, characterization, removal of toxic metal ions and in vitro biological applications of a sulfanilamide–salicylic acid–formaldehyde terpolymer
Authors: Vasanthakumar V. , Saranya A. , Raja A. , Prakash S. , Anbarasu V. , Priya P. , Raj V.
Published: May 2016

SASF terpolymer possess great applications for removal of heavy metal ions from environmental and industrial wastes.
Supramolecular polymers-derived nonmetal N, S-codoped carbon nanosheets for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yang Zheng Kun , Lin Ling , Liu Ya-Nan , Zhou Xiao , Yuan Cheng-Zong , Xu An-Wu
Published: May 2016

Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymer-derived nonmetal N and S codoped carbon nanosheets show superior oxygen reduction performance.
The functionalization of fluoroelastomers: approaches, properties, and applications
Authors: Wang Yu , Bai Yongping
Published: May 2016

This review seeks to give an overview of different approaches to prepare functional fluoroelastomers for modern industries.
Inter-moieties reactivity correlations: an approach to estimate the reactivity endpoints of major atmospheric reactants towards organic chemicals
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Basant Nikita , Mohan Dinesh , Singh Kunwar P.
Published: May 2016

The figure shows the DTB based IMRC QRRR modelling and predicted values of the rate constants (log kOH, log kO3).
Enhanced selective photocatalytic properties of a novel magnetic retrievable imprinted ZnFe2O4/PPy composite with specific recognition ability
Authors: Wang Youshan , Lu Ziyang , Zhu Zhi , Zhao Xiaoxu , Gao Nailing , Wang Dandan , Hua Zhoufa , Yan Yongsheng , Huo Pengwei , Song Minshan
Published: May 2016

The process of the selective photocatalytic degradation of different organic contaminants over imprinted ZnFe2O4/PPy composite.
Synthesis of multi-donor dyes and influence of molecular design on dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Keerthi Ashok , Chua Ming Hui , Timothy Chan Thuang Yuan , Liu Yeru , Wang Qing , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: May 2016

Multi-donor incorporated organic dyes were designed and synthesized and their structure–property relationship was investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
Supramolecular electrospun nanofibers with high conductivity at ultra-low carbon nanotube content
Authors: Cheng Chih-Chia , Wang Yeh-Sheng , Chen Jem-Kun , Lee Duu-Jong
Published: May 2016

Supramolecular polymers can be used to manipulate and align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a nanofiber matrix, resulting in high electrical conductivity at ultra-low CNT content.
60 GHz channel characterisation and key performance evaluation of HD video transmission
Authors: Leonor Nuno R. , Caldeirinha Rafael F.S. , Fernandes Telmo R. , Gaddam Nagavenkat K.
Published: May 2016

This study presents a practical assessment of the recent IEEE 802.15.3c statistical model aimed at the characterisation of 60 GHz indoor radio channels, for high‐definition (HD) video streaming, envisaging tele‐health applications. A simple ray‐tracing model was developed to characterise the 60 GHz propagation channel and to compare it with the recent IEEE standard, in an indoor scenario mimicking a surgical room. Additionally, a measurement campaign was carried out to validate those model approaches and subsequently analyse the propagation path loss and time dispersion parameters of the propagation channel in the typical usage scenarios. Finally, the severity of multipath effects on the key performance indicators of HD video transmission, under line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐LOS situations, were evaluated.
Superiorities of variational mode decomposition over empirical mode decomposition particularly in time–frequency feature extraction and wind turbine condition monitoring
Authors: Yang Wenxian , Peng Zhike , Wei Kexiang , Shi Pu , Tian Wenye
Published: May 2016

Due to constantly varying wind speed, wind turbine (WT) components often operate at variable speeds in order to capture more energy from wind. As a consequence, WT condition monitoring (CM) signals always contain intra‐wave features, which are difficult to extract through performing conventional time–frequency analysis (TFA) because none of which is locally adaptive. So far, only empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and its extension forms can extract intra‐wave features. However, the EMD and those EMD‐based techniques also suffer a number of defects in TFA (e.g. weak robustness of against noise, unidentified ripples, inefficiency in detecting side‐band frequencies etc.). The existence of these issues has significantly limited the extensive application of the EMD family techniques to WT CM. Recently, an alternative TFA method, namely variational mode decomposition (VMD), was proposed to overcome all these issues. The purpose of this study is to verify the superiorities of the VMD over the EMD and investigate its potential application to the future WT CM. Experiment has shown that the VMD outperforms the EMD not only in noise robustness but also in multi‐component signal decomposition, side‐band detection, and intra‐wave feature extraction. Thus, it has potential as a promising technique for WT CM.
Occurrence of HIV eradication for preexposure prophylaxis treatment with a deterministic HIV model
Authors: Chang Hyeygjeon , Moog Claude , Astolfi Alessandro
Published: May 2016

The authors examine the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication in this study using a mathematical model and analyse the occurrence of virus eradication during the early stage of infection. To this end they use a deterministic HIV‐infection model, modify it to describe the pharmacological dynamics of antiretroviral HIV drugs, and consider the clinical experimental results of preexposure prophylaxis HIV treatment. They also use numerical simulation to model the experimental scenario, thereby supporting the clinical results with a model‐based explanation. The study results indicate that the protocol employed in the experiment can eradicate HIV in infected patients at the early stage of the infection.
1.2.6 High-Valent Palladium in Catalysis
Authors: Chen P. , Liu G. , Engle K. M. , Yu J.-Q.
Published: May 2016

This chapter documents recent studies of palladium-catalyzed organic transformations in which a high-valent palladium intermediate is involved in the formation of a new chemical bond. The interest in these reactions has focused mainly on C—H activation and the difunctionalization of alkenes.
17.5.4 Seven-Membered Hetarenes with Two or More Heteroatoms (Update 2013)
Authors: Zhang J.
Published: May 2016

This update deals with important general methods for the synthesis of diazepines, benzodiazepines, and dibenzodiazepines that have not been discussed in the earlier Science of Synthesis Section 17.5 or in Houben–Weyl, Vol. E 9d. Literature published up to 2011 is reviewed.
Should the healthcare compass in Australia point towards value-based primary healthcare?
Authors: Oliver-Baxter Jodie , Brown Lynsey , Dawda Paresh
Published: May 2016

This paper provides an overview of quality improvement in healthcare in an Australian context. Specifically, the paper considers issues around defining, quantifying, recording and incentivising quality improvement and accountability in primary healthcare. The role of newly emerging Primary Health Networks provides a context for the discussion. The paper draws on international learnings that provide a framework for examining the important elements of quality improvement among reforming primary healthcare organisations in order to support healthcare providers and offer an evidence base for policy makers and peak bodies moving forward.
A cross‐sectional study examining the extent of unwanted sexual attention and unhealthy intimate relationships among female university students
Authors: Hayden Kelly , Graham Melissa , Lamaro Greer
Published: May 2016

Issue addressed

Unwanted sexual attention and unhealthy intimate relationships have the potential to have serious negative health consequences. To date, there has been scant focus on these issues among university students in Australia. The aim of the current study was to describe the extent of unwanted sexual attention and unhealthy intimate relationships experienced in their lifetime by female university students aged 18–25 years.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken involving 465 female students aged 18–25 years. Students were recruited through one faculty within a Victorian university and invited to complete an anonymous online questionnaire.

Results

Sixty‐seven per cent (n = 312) of female students reported experiencing unwanted sexual attention in their lifetime. The most common form of unwanted sexual attention was kissing or touching over clothes (98%; n = 306). Over 43% (n = 124) of the female students reported that the experience of unwanted sexual experience occurred after their protests were ignored. Thirty per cent (n = 135) of the female students reported experiencing at least one element of an unhealthy intimate relationship.

Conclusions

The high rates of unwanted sexual attention and unhealthy intimate relationships among female university students is of concern given the negative impact such events can have on individual's physical, emotional and social well being.

So what?

Public health and health promotion action is required to prevent female students from experiencing unwanted sexual attention and unhealthy intimate relationships, and to address the negative health and well being consequences.
Remnant tree decline in agricultural regions of South Australia.
Authors: Mogoutnov Alena , Venning Jackie
Published: May 2016

Agricultural landscapes in southern Australia were once dominated by temperate eucalypt woodlands of which only
fragmented patches and scattered trees in paddocks remain. This study focuses on the decline of scattered trees in
the Mount Lofty Ranges and South East agricultural regions of South Australia. A combination of digitized aerial
photography and satellite imagery was used to extend a previous assessment of decline undertaken in the early 1980s
and increase the period over which decline was assessed to 58–72 years. A total of 17 049 scattered trees were counted
from the earliest time period assessed over 11 sites of which 6 185 trees were lost by 2008 — a 36 % decline.
Recruitment of 2 179 trees during this period was evident. Imagery indicates that clearing for agricultural intensification
is the primary cause of the decline. A range of management options and policy settings are required to reverse the
decline notwithstanding the challenges of implementation at a landscape scale across privately owned land.
Biodiversity Monitoring in Australia.
Authors: Garkaklis Mark J
Published: May 2016

EFFECTIVE biodiversity monitoring, that allows an
evaluation of how well we manage Australia’s natural
heritage, remains a frustration to many who have
worked in conservation biology over the decades. Too
many times colleagues have audibly groaned when
presented with yet another new tool or pet interest,
with an appropriate price tag, that has been paraded
to senior management as a panacea to biodiversity
monitoring. The hotchpotch of vertebrate, one-off
botanical, one-off remote sensing, wetland, riparian
ecosystem, Threatened and Priority Ecological Community,
and species-focused monitoring programs
represents the collective failure to provide consistent
measure of the state of the Australian environment
within a common framework. We could audit the
effectiveness of many of these monitoring programs;
if we could find the data. If we can find the data,
too often it is difficult to understand what the
objective of the management intervention was.
Effective biodiversity monitoring programs are in the
minority and this must not continue.
Culturally and linguistically diverse women’s views and experiences of accessing sexual and reproductive health care in Australia: a systematic review
Authors: Mengesha Zelalem Birhanu , Dune Tinashe , Perz Janette
Published: May 2016

The proportion of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds is growing in Australia. Synthesising existing evidence concerning the views and experiences of these women in accessing sexual and reproductive health care is crucial to future policy and service development. A systematic review of scientific articles and grey literature published in English between 1990 and 2015 was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators in accessing sexual and reproductive health care in Australia experienced by culturally and linguistically diverse women. The search strategy covered seven electronic databases (ProQuest, PubMed, EMBASE/Elsevier, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Infomit) and websites. Thematic analysis methodology was used to analyse and interpret the data extracted from individual studies. From the 1401 potentially relevant articles identified, 22 articles that represent the views and experiences of 1943 culturally and linguistically diverse women in accessing sexual and reproductive health care in Australia were reviewed. The main barriers and facilitators identified were grouped into three major themes. These include personal level experiences of accessing health care, women’s interaction with the healthcare system and women’s experience with healthcare providers. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed based on the findings of the review.
Feasibility of using GrindrTM to distribute HIV self-test kits to men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Rosengren A. Lina , Huang Emily , Daniels Joseph , Young Sean D. , Marlin Robert W. , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2016

Background
Our study aimed to determine if Grindr™ is an effective means of reaching high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV testing. In Los Angeles (LA), Black and Latino MSM have the highest rate of HIV infection, and Black MSM in LA are four-fold more likely than white MSM to not know they are infected with HIV. Those MSM are also major users of social networking apps. Grindr™ was used to provide access to free HIV self-testing. Methods: Free HIV self-test kits were advertised on Grindr™ from 13 October to 11 November 2014, consisting of 300 000 banner ads and three broadcast messages targeting a high-risk HIV population in LA. Eligible participants, Black or Latino, MSM and who were aged ≥18 years of age, were invited to take a survey 2 weeks after test delivery. Results: The website received 4389 unique visitors and 333 test requests, of which 247 (74%) were requests for mailed tests, 58 (17%) were for vouchers and 28 (8%) were for vending machines. Of the 125 participants, 74% reported at least one episode of condomless anal intercourse in the past 3 months, 29% last tested for HIV over 1 year ago and 9% had never been tested. Conclusions: It was feasible to use Grindr™ to distribute HIV self-test kits. Users are willing to provide personal information in exchange for a free self-test and found self-tests acceptable and easy to use. HIV self-testing promotion through apps has a high potential to reach untested high-risk populations.
Models for predicting fire ignition probability in graminoids from boreo–temperate moorland ecosystems
Authors: Santana Victor M. , Marrs Rob H.
Published: May 2016

An increase in both the frequency and severity of wildfires in boreo–temperate ecosystems is predicted. Therefore, to develop efficient fire rating systems, the relationship between the fuel moisture content (FMC) of vegetation and ignition thresholds needs to be determined. We developed fire ignition probability models for three graminoid species collected in central England, but common in boreo–temperate ecosystems (Eriophorum angustifolium, E. vaginatum and Molinia caerulea). Specifically, we assessed through laboratory experiments (1) seasonal differences between early spring and late summer in fuel traits such as height, fuel load, fuel bulk density and dead fuel load proportion, and (2) the role of these fuel traits, environmental conditions and dead FMC in determining the probability of ignition. There were seasonal differences in fuel traits among species, with an increase in dead fuel load proportion after winter. The dead FMC was the only variable determining initial sustained ignitions. However, the seasonal differences in dead fuel were not sufficient to affect the FMC threshold at which graminoids start to ignite. Graminoids begin to ignite at high levels of dead FMC, and there are differences between species (from 36.1% to 48.1%). This work assists in improving fire ignition predictions in graminoid-dominated ecosystems by providing warnings based on critical moisture thresholds.
‘From the Monkey Mountains’: The Body, the Grotesque and Carnival in the Music of Pavel Haas
Authors: Čurda Martin
Published: May 2016

It has been claimed that Pavel Haas's string quartet ‘From the Monkey Mountains’ (1925) demonstrates the composer's alignment with the ‘Western’ musical avant-garde of the 1920s. However, Haas's avant-garde affiliations remain largely unexplained, as does the influence of Leoš Janáček, with whom Haas studied. Combining the methods of music analysis, semiotics and discourse analysis, I explain how Haas reconciled Janáčekian compositional technique with the ideas underpinning the contemporary Czechoslovak avant-garde movement known as Poetism. Focusing particularly on notions of the body, the grotesque and carnival, I propose an interpretative framework for and a reading of Haas's quartet ‘From the Monkey Mountains’. In doing so, I also illuminate the aesthetic and cultural context of Haas's music from the 1920s, which has received little attention in previous scholarship.
The impact of acute perioperative myocardial infarction on clinical outcomes after total joint replacement
Authors: Wood Thomas J. , de Beer Justin , Petruccelli Danielle , Winemaker Mitch
Published: May 2016

Background:

Improvements in perioperative care have markedly decreased mortality after total joint replacement. Acute myocardial infarct (MI) is the most common clinically significant complication after total joint replacement (TJR) and the most common cause of 30-day mortality after TJR, which remains a concern especially in light of an older population with advanced comorbidities. In spite of this, little evidence exists in regard to its effect on TJR functional outcomes.

Methods:

To assess the potential impact, if any, of acute MI on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary TJR, a matched cohort study of MI and non-MI patients was conducted to determine 1-year Oxford, Harris Hip and Knee Society score outcomes.

Results:

Of 12,739 primary TJR patients identified over a 9-year period, 0.9% (114; 95% CI, 0.75-1.1) experienced a perioperative MI. A greater proportion of MI than non-MI patients had ≥1 cardiac risk factor (P=0.001) and an American Society for Anesthesiologist (ASA) 4 status (P=0.037). Length of hospital stay was longer for MI cases (MI=11.5±9.8 vs. Non-MI=5.4±2.7, P<0.0001), with 70% requiring intensive care unit or cardiac care unit stays (P<0.0001). One-year outcome scores were similar among groups (P>0.05). One-year cardiac mortality rate was 6.1% compared to 0 non-MI deaths (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:

While functional outcomes of MI after TJR are equivalent to non-MI, 1-year mortality remains high, and targeted cardiac screening and long-term monitoring for this patient population should be implemented.
Use of Two-Piece Foot Orthoses to Adjust Lateral Inclination Angle in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Dessery Yoann , Belzile Étienne L. , Turmel Sylvie , Corbeil Philippe
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Individualization of lateral inclination of foot orthoses (FO) is necessary to optimize the reduction of knee adduction moment (KAM) in medial knee osteoarthritis patients. The trial-and-error (or iterative) method is generally used for this purpose. Two kinds of orthoses can be used: several one-piece lateral FO (each with a different inclination height) for each patient or a two-piece lateral FO, that is, FO plus several laterally wedged insoles with different heights. The aim of this study was to determine whether comfort and mechanical impact on the knee and ankle are similar with the use of one-piece versus two-piece lateral FO during gait.

Material and Methods

Gait analysis was performed on 17 patients affected by medial knee osteoarthritis (grade II–III). Discomfort, frontal plane kinematics, and kinetics of the ankle and knee joints were compared in three conditions: without orthosis, with lateral customized FO, and with a combination of lateral wedge insoles and customized FO without lateral inclination. Lateral inclination was customized according to the orthotist's experience.

Results

One- and two-piece lateral customized FO had the same effect on the knee loading (p > 0.05). However, both conditions with FO led to similar significant differences in knee adduction and ankle eversion moment compared with the without-orthosis condition (p < 0.05; effect size from 0.05 to 0.40).

Conclusions

These results will be valuable for orthotists who make customized orthoses (with arch support) to reduce KAM in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Manufacturing two-piece orthoses is practical and economical: the customized FO can be kept and the wedge insole repeatedly replaced until the patient's pain is relieved.
Associations Between Sensorimotor Impairments in the Upper Limb at 1 Week and 6 Months After Stroke
Authors: Meyer Sarah , De Bruyn Nele , Krumlinde-Sundholm Lena , Peeters Andre , Feys Hilde , Thijs Vincent , Verheyden Geert
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose:

Longitudinal information regarding the prevalence of upper limb somatosensory deficits and the association with motor impairment and activity limitations is scarce. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to map the extent and distribution of somatosensory deficits, and to determine associations over time between somatosensory deficits and motor impairment and activity limitations.

Methods:

We recruited 32 participants who were assessed 4 to 7 days after stroke, and reassessed at 6 months. Somatosensory measurements included the Erasmus-modified Nottingham sensory assessment (Em-NSA), perceptual threshold of touch, thumb finding test, 2-point discrimination, and stereognosis subscale of the NSA. Evaluation of motor impairment comprised the Fugl-Meyer assessment, Motricity Index, and Action Research Arm Test. In addition, at 6 months, activity limitation was determined using the adult assisting hand assessment stroke, the ABILHAND, and hand subscale of the Stroke Impact Scale.

Results:

Somatosensory impairments were common, with 41% to 63% experiencing a deficit in one of the modalities within the first week and 3% to 50% at 6 months. In the acute phase, there were only very low associations between somatosensory and motor impairments (r = 0.03-0.20), whereas at 6 months, low to moderate associations (r = 0.32-0.69) were found for perceptual threshold of touch, thumb finding test, and stereognosis with motor impairment and activity limitations. Low associations (r = 0.01-0.29) were found between somatosensory impairments in the acute phase and motor impairments and activity limitations at 6 months.

Discussion and Conclusions

: This study showed that somatosensory impairments are common and suggests that the association with upper limb motor and functional performance increases with time after stroke.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A138).