bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naiadacarus sidorchukae sp. n. (Acariformes: Acaridae) from Western Siberia closely related to a North American species, with a new generic synonymy
Authors: KLIMOV PAVEL B. , OCONNOR BARRY C. , KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A.
Published: July 2019

A new species of acarid mite, Naiadacarus sidorchukae sp. n., is described from phoretic deutonymphs collected from a European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, pheromone trap in Western Siberia, Russia. Morphologically, the new species is very similar to the North American species, Naiadacarus fashingi, with the only diagnostic character being the shorter tibial solenidion φ II in the former species. Unlike some Naiadacarus species, which are truly aquatic, Naiadacarus sidorchukae probably does not inhabit fully aquatic habitats. This species and other presumably non-aquatic taxa, may represent the ancestral condition in the genus Naiadacarus, and, therefore are critical in studying land to water ecological transitions that have occurred in this mite genus. The monotypic genus Naiacus Nesbitt, 1990 is considered as a junior synonym of Naiadacarus Fashing, 1974 (syn. n.), with its type-species, Naiacus muertensis Nesbitt, 1990, recombined as Naiadacarus muertensis (Nesbitt, 1990), comb. n. A key to species of Naiadacarus of the world is provided
Active postlarval forms of plume-footed Eatoniana (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona, Erythraeidae) in the Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: SIDORCHUK EKATERINA A. , KONIKIEWICZ MARTA , WELBOURN W. CALVIN , MĄKOL JOANNA
Published: July 2019

The discovery of active postlarval forms (deutonymph and adult) of erythraeid Eatoniana in Eocene Baltic amber is associated with the first description of named fossil species assigned to that genus. Species of Eatoniana, having the plume-like setae on terminal segments of leg IV, reveal the high consistency of characters, confirmed both for extinct and extant members of the genus. The main difference between Eatoniana crinita sp. nov. and other “plume-footed” congeners is the shape of modified setae arising at genu and tibia IV.
Emendations and updates to “Annotated catalogue of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with a pictorial key to genera”
Authors: FAN QING-HAI , FLECHTMANN CARLOS H.W. , DE MORAES GILBERTO JOSÉ
Published: July 2019

An update on “Annotated catalogue of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with a pictorial key to genera” published in October 2016 is presented. The type species of the genus Ledermuelleriopsis Willmann, 1951 is changed from Ledermuelleriopsis triscutata to Ledermuelleriopsis plumosa Willmann, 1951. Newly published species and new information on old species are provided. Some other informamtion including an erratum is also added.
Teaching Atmospheric Modeling at the Graduate Level: 15 Years of Using Mesoscale Models as Educational Tools in an Active Learning Environment
Authors: Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: July 2019

Numerical weather prediction models have become widespread tools that are accessible to a variety of communities, ranging from academia and the national meteorological services to commercial weather providers, wind and solar energy industries, and air quality modelers. Mesoscale meteorological models that are used to refine relatively coarse global weather forecasts to finer atmospheric scales have become mainstream. The wide use of mesoscale meteorological models also generates new requirements in undergraduate education concerning the knowledge and application of these models. In this paper, we present teaching strategies, course outcomes, student activities, impacts, and reflections on the possible future direction of the graduate-level atmospheric modeling course using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. This information is based on 15 years of experience in teaching the course and the continuous implementation of new educational techniques to adapt to students’ needs and improve their chances in their academic careers and the atmospheric sciences job market.
The Interaction of EU Competition, Consumer, and Data Protection Law in the Digital Economy: The Regulatory Dilemma in the Facebook Odyssey*
Authors: Botta Marco , Wiedemann Klaus
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the interaction of EU competition, consumer and data protection law in the digital economy. We compare the objectives, rules and enforcement structures of these legal regimes, and we discuss market failures that justify regulatory intervention in digital markets. In particular, the Facebook investigations in Germany and Italy are selected as a case study. The Bundeskartellamt’s investigations are remarkable, being the first in which an exploitative abuse of dominance involving a digital platform has been decided under competition law. These we compare with their Italian counterpart, where the AGCM has recently sanctioned Facebook for behavior similar to that investigated in Germany. Yet, the Italian case has been decided under consumer, rather than competition law. This shows the regulatory dilemma faced by European antitrust authorities, which are currently struggling to find a solution to the market failures arising in digital markets.
The Absence of Degree of Automation Trade-Offs in Complex Work Settings
Authors: Jamieson Greg A. , Skraaning Gyrd
Published: July 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to test the predictions of the routine-failure trade-off (or lumberjack) model in a full-scope simulator study with expert operators performing realistic control tasks.

Background

A meta-study of degree of automation (DOA) studies concluded that DOA predicts task performance under both routine and automation failure conditions, workload, and situation awareness. Empirical support for this conclusion appears to be weak for complex work situations.

Method

A full-scope nuclear power plant simulator experiment was conducted in which licensed operating crews completed realistic procedure execution tasks. Dependent measures selected from the lumberjack model were collected and analyzed for systematic effects.

Results

Situation awareness increased with increasing DOA, which contradicts the lumberjack model. Anticipated workload and failure task performance effects were not observed.

Conclusion

The experimental results add further evidence challenging the applicability of the lumberjack model to complex work situations.

Application

Practitioners should use caution when extending the predictions of the lumberjack model based on data from simple work situations to complex work situations. Researchers should invest more resources in testing the predictive power of the lumberjack model in complex work situations.
A systematic study of injectable anesthetic agents in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei )
Authors: Rasys Ashley M , Divers Stephen J , Lauderdale James D , Menke Douglas B
Published: July 2019

Anolis lizards have served as important research models in fields ranging from evolution and ecology to physiology and biomechanics. However, anoles are also emerging as important models for studies of embryo development and tissue regeneration. The increased use of anoles in the laboratory has produced a need to establish effective methods of anesthesia, both for routine veterinary procedures and for research procedures. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of different anesthetic treatments in adult female Anolis sagrei. Alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, ketamine and tribromoethanol were administered subcutaneously (SC), either alone or combined at varying doses in a total of 64 female anoles. Drug induction time, duration, anesthesia level and adverse effects were assessed. Differences in anesthesia level were observed depending on injection site and drug combination. Alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine and tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine were the most effective drug combinations for inducing a surgical plane of anesthesia in anoles. Brown anoles injected SC with alfaxalone (30 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or with tribromoethanol (400 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) experienced mean durations of surgical anesthesia levels of 31.2 ± 5.3 and 87.5 ± 19.8 min with full recovery after another 10.9 ± 2.9 and 46.2 ± 41.8 min, respectively. Hydromorphone given with alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine resulted in deep anesthesia with respiratory depression, while ketamine/hydromorphone/dexmedetomidine produced only light to moderate sedation. We determined that alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine or tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine combinations were sufficient to maintain a lizard under general anesthesia for coeliotomy. This study represents a significant step towards understanding the effects of anesthetic agents in anole lizards and will benefit both veterinary care and research on these animals.
Process of Diabetes Management in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Seo Hyung-Eun , Kim Miyoung , Doo Eun-Young , Choi Jihye
Published: July 2019

This study investigated diabetes management processes among young adults with type 1 diabetes applying the grounded theory method. A total of 15 young adults, with an average age of 29 years, with type 1 diabetes were selected through theoretical sampling between November 2016 and October 2018. Data collected through in-depth interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The core category of this study was defined as “living in a standardized frame.” Participants managed diabetes through the trial-and-error process in addition to selective restriction or selective minimization. They restricted their diet, physical activity, social interactions, and range of thoughts, often following passive and avoidant strategies. Consequently, nurses are in a critical position to assist diabetic individuals via support programs and take the lead in mitigating social prejudice.
Culture, Context, and Concerns About Face: Synergistic Insights From Pragmatics and Social Psychology
Authors: Spencer-Oatey Helen , Wang Jiayi
Published: July 2019

This article explores the interconnections between culture, context, and language, with a special focus on face. Research into face has taken place in various fields and here we draw on insights from different disciplinary perspectives, notably linguistics and social psychology, to address the following questions: (1) To what extent can the various categorizations of face be linked with people’s individual-level values? (2) How do culture-level values interplay with context and language in affecting face sensitivities? The data for our study involved interactions between government officials during a Chinese delegation visit to the United States in which face concerns were prominent. Mixed support is found for existing theorizing, and the article ends by calling for more interdisciplinary research to help unpack the complex mix of interconnected factors.
Hospice nurses request paediatric-specific educational resources and training programs to improve care for children and families in the community: Qualitative data analysis from a population-level survey
Authors: Kaye Erica C , Applegarth Jacob , Gattas Melanie , Kiefer Ashley , Reynolds Jason , Zalud Kristina , Baker Justin N
Published: July 2019

Background:

Children with serious illness who receive hospice care often interface with nurses who lack training, experience and comfort in the provision of paediatric palliative and hospice care. Hospice nurse preferences for paediatric-specific training are not well known.

Aim:

To describe the types of paediatric-specific training received and educational content preferred by hospice nurses.

Design:

Population-level dissemination of a cross-sectional survey with qualitative analysis of open-ended survey items.

Setting/participants:

Nurses from 71 community-based hospice organizations across 3 states completed the survey.

Results:

An open-ended response was provided by 278/551 (50.5%) survey respondents. A total of 55 respondents provided 58 descriptions of prior paediatric-specific training, including a formal 2-day course ( n = 36; 65.5%), on-the-job education ( n = 13, 23.6%), online training ( n = 5, 9.1%), nursing school ( n = 2, 3.6%) and paediatric advanced life support courses ( n = 2, 3.6%). A total of 67 respondents described 74 hospice-led educational efforts, largely comprised of a 2-day course ( n = 39; 54.2%) or provision of written materials ( n = 11; 15.3%). A total of 189 respondents described 258 preferences for paediatric-specific training, with nearly half ( n = 93; 49.2%) requesting ‘any’ or ‘all’ types of education and the remainder requesting education around medication use ( n = 48; 25.4%), symptom assessment/management ( n = 32; 16.9%), pain assessment/management ( n = 28; 14.8), communication ( n = 29; 15.3%) and psychosocial assessment/management ( n = 28; 14.8).

Conclusions:

Hospice nurses self-report inadequate exposure to educational resources and programs, in conjunction with a strong desire for increased paediatric-specific training. Identification of targetable gaps should inform the development of educational resources, policies and other supportive interventions to improve delivery of care to children and families in the community.
Challenges of Cooking Oils in Fast-Food Restaurants of Iran: Views of Consumers
Authors: Mohammadi-Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Zargaraan Aziz , Salmani Yeganeh , Esfarjani Fatemeh
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore Tehranian women’s perceptions about the quality and safety of cooking oils in fast-food restaurants and their behavior toward these challenges in 2018. A qualitative study with eight focus group discussions was conducted among 82 women using content analysis and constant comparison methods. Three categories emerged with 4 themes and 27 subthemes: (a) high usage of frying foods, (b) fast-food restaurants, and (c) building community trust. The majority of women had desirable knowledge about the disadvantages of cooking oils used in fast-food restaurants. The participants mentioned that the most challenging problem of fast-food restaurants was the reused cooking oils. Therefore, the health policy-makers should consider to develop a guideline for improving the cooking oils’ quality and safety in fast-food restaurants. It is recommended that the restaurant inspection system should be examined to identify appropriate ways of ensuring food safety.
Information and volatility linkages across energy and financial markets
Authors: Ding Ashley
Published: July 2019

This study examines information and volatility linkages across energy and financial markets. In a world economy so connected, the impacts of climate change are likely to be transmitted through interlinked global markets. Hence, uncovering and understanding the interaction across these markets is a fundamental concern during the energy transition as it helps to understand how to strengthen incentives to facilitate energy investments. Based on the relation between information flows and volatility, this study employs a simple correlation approach based on implied volatility measures and the trading model of Fleming et al. to measure the common information linkages, as gauged by the correlation of return volatilities. The results suggest that volatility linkages across these markets are strong due to common information sharing and cross-market hedging.

JEL Classification: G12, G14
I’ve Got Your Back: Danger, Volunteering and Solidarity in Lifeboat Crews
Authors: O’Toole Michelle , Calvard Thomas
Published: July 2019

This article considers solidarity as a dynamic interrelationship between intersubjective and structural processes that underpin webs of meaning in dangerous work conditions. Conceptual links are developed to integrate previously unconnected aspects of work and relationships between danger, volunteering, edgework and solidarity – revealing how a distinct form of solidarity is engendered and experienced. Drawing on 43 in-depth interviews with Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) workers operating in the UK and Ireland (12 paid and 31 volunteers), the analysis illuminates experiences of solidarity in a dangerous working environment. Findings reveal that solidarity is constituted by the interplay between volunteering work practices, shared experiences of rescues, and the meaningful purpose of safeguarding human life. This empirical study provides a basis for theorising distinct conditions relating to solidarity as differentiated from previous work on the concept. Further implications are discussed for contexts where various forms of danger and solidarity might be experienced.
Evaluating the effect of micro-lubrication in orthopedic drilling
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Khan Aqib Mashood , Mia Mozammel , Iqbal Asif , Gupta Munish Kumar , Sen Binayak
Published: July 2019

Achievement of low temperature, thrust force, and clean operating zone under with/without irrigation–assisted drilling is still a challenge in orthopedic surgery owing to substantial bone-tissue damage that extends the healing time. In order to mitigate the above challenges, a new micro-lubrication technique—a low-pressure cold mist impinged on the tool–bone joint interface and penetrating well into the bone surface to improve the cooling/lubrication efficiency—has been proposed in bone drilling. In this study, the aims are to characterize the effect of micro-cooling/lubrication on temperature and thrust force at different levels of cutting speed, feed rate, drill diameter, and coolant flow rate. For that purpose, a fresh calf bone was drilled through commercially available drill tool on three-axis mini-machine. The response surface methodology was applied to get the design of experiments, and the analysis of variance at p-values < 0.5 was used. Moreover, the empirical models were developed to examine the simultaneous effect of all the parameters on performance measures. The employed cooling-lubrication technology has shown a percentage reduction in temperature ranging from 34.3% to 48.3%, and 26.8%–35.9% under irrigation with respect to without-irrigation mode. For cutting force, these reductions are 13%–47.6% and 14.5%–44.2%, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of variance has highlighted the cutting speed and feed rate as the two most prominent parameters for temperature and thrust force under all the drilling modes. Relatively high-pressure cold mist in micro-lubrication has offered a lower temperature, thrust force, and clean operating zone under micro-lubrication mode than with/without-irrigation modes. Henceforth, the micro-lubrication technique has been found as a suitable cooling technique for drilling of bone in the viewpoint of temperature and thrust force.
A fast and accurate dynamic relaxation approach for form-finding and analysis of bending-active structures
Authors: Rombouts Jef , Lombaert Geert , De Laet Lars , Schevenels Mattias
Published: July 2019

Active bending is an increasingly popular construction technique that uses elastically bent structural members to form complex curved shapes. The design and analysis of bending-active structures requires an accurate simulation of the bending process, which is often complicated by the occurrence of large displacements. In this article, we propose to combine a previously developed implicit dynamic relaxation method with co-rotational beam elements to obtain a fast and accurate method for form-finding and analysis of bending-active structures. This approach is applied to four test cases. Implicit dynamic relaxation is compared to the classic Newton–Raphson method and conventional dynamic relaxation. The results show that the proposed implicit dynamic relaxation approach can be stabilized intuitively by changing the time step and damping ratio, making it more stable than the classic Newton–Raphson method. Moreover, the proposed approach converges fast compared to the conventional dynamic relaxation: the total computation time is considerably lower, even though the computation time per iteration is higher. Finally, a high accuracy is achieved due to the use of co-rotational beam elements. The combination of high accuracy and low computation time makes this approach well-suited for both form-finding and analysis of bending-active structures.
Spray dynamics simulations for pulsatile injection at different ambient pressure and temperature conditions
Authors: Muddapur Anandteerth , Srikrishna Sahu , Sundararajan T
Published: July 2019

A numerical study on the transient characteristics of a pulsatile, iso-octane spray issuing from a pressure-swirl atomizer is presented. The effects of system pressure and temperature, as well as the initial fuel temperature on spray dispersion and evaporation, are highlighted. The computations were carried out using ANSYS FLUENT-15.0, assuming the spray dispersion to be axisymmetric. Gas phase turbulence is simulated using the renormalized group k- ε model, while the discrete phase model is used for tracking fuel droplets. The linear instability sheet atomization model is adopted for the primary breakup of the liquid sheet, and the Taylor Analogy Breakup and Wave Breakup models are adopted for the secondary breakup, depending upon the operating conditions. The drag force on the droplet is evaluated, after incorporating the effects of evaporation and neighbouring droplets, along with droplet shape distortion. The significance of droplet collision on the evolution of droplet size distribution is examined. The local mean drop sizes and spray penetration length are in agreement with the experimental results of the literature. The predicted results indicate that the spray is narrower and penetrates less at higher ambient pressure. In this respect, the additional force on droplets due to local static pressure gradient is examined in detail. The effect of ambient conditions on the spray evaporation process is studied based on the spatio-temporal evolution of the equivalence ratio of the mixture of fuel vapour and air.
WRC Auto Sendirian Berhad: Potential to Survive after Crisis
Authors: Mohammad Jihad , Quoquab Farzana
Published: July 2019

Iskandar Shah, the outlet manager of WRC Auto Sdn Bhd, was an authorized local car dealer who was facing challenges that he never anticipated throughout his working experience. On March 11, 2011, an earthquake and tsunami occurred in Japan and Perodua’s main supplier, Daihatsu, was affected seriously by this natural disaster. Later on, Perodua, officially, stopped their production temporarily for Viva and Myvi. The car components were not enough to supply to the Malaysian car producers, which caused a shortage of new cars in the country. The manufacturers in Japan had estimated 3 months to recover their business operations. Iskandar knew that sales of Viva and Myvi would drop and he needed to plan other alternatives to sustain the business during the 3 months’ supply shortage. He had to come up with a different strategy while waiting for the supply chain to recover in July 2011.
Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea
Authors: Seo Mihye
Published: July 2019

In the context of the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this study examines the multifaceted effects of media use considering the current complex media environment. Analysis of a two-wave online panel survey found that traditional media use had a positive influence on MERS knowledge while social media use did not. However, knowledge did not facilitate preventive behaviors. In contrast, negative emotional responses due to media use stimulated desirable behaviors. Furthermore, social media use directly influenced behavioral responses but traditional media use did not show the same effects. Different functions of traditional and social media during an epidemic are discussed.
Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review
Authors: Irwin Nicola , Davis Deborah , Currie Marian
Published: July 2019

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.
‘Everything is designed to make an impression’: The moralisation of aesthetic judgement and the hedonistic ethic of authenticity
Authors: Schwarz Ori
Published: July 2019

Viewing both ethics and aesthetics as reflections of the social, cultural sociologists fail to thoroughly account for the complex interrelations between these realms. This article explores this relationship through a study of ‘farterism’, a discursive category that emerged in Israel during the 1990s and is used to denounce vain pretence. Not only do aesthetic surfaces operate as emotionally-laden shortcuts to deeper layers of ethical meaning, the very act of aesthetic judgement is moralized, subjected to normative regulation. The article analyses the use of ‘farterism’ in the lay evaluation of architecture, restaurants and films, while reconstructing its implied ethic of aesthetic, ‘the hedonistic ethic of authenticity’. I discuss this ethic’s philosophical-cultural roots (including the performative contribution of critical social science) and the continuities between its application in cultural evaluation and in wider moral contexts. The pattern that emerges in the data relies on the Emperor’s New Clothes tale: uncovering the hidden influence of the social on the aesthetic is at the centre of the normative regulation of aesthetic judgement. This allows laypersons to challenge cultural hierarchies shaped by cultural fields, experts and markets, and denounce them as corrupted by the social.
Key elements of interventions for heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Hickman Louise , Ferguson Caleb , Davidson Patricia M , Allida Sabine , Inglis Sally , Parker Deborah , Agar Meera
Published: July 2019

Background:

The purpose of this systematic review was to (a) examine the effects of interventions delivered by a heart failure professional for mild cognitive impairment and dementia on cognitive function, memory, working memory, instrumental activities of daily living, heart failure knowledge, self-care, quality of life and depression; and (b) identify the successful elements of these strategies for heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.

Methods and results:

During March 2018, an electronic search of databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO was conducted. All randomised controlled trials, which examined an intervention strategy to help heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia cope with self-care, were included. An initial search yielded 1622 citations, six studies were included ( N= 595 participants, mean age 68 years). There were no significant improvements in cognitive function and depression. However, significant improvements were seen in memory ( p=0.015), working memory ( p=0.029) and instrumental activities of daily living ( p=0.006). Nurse led interventions improved the patient’s heart failure knowledge ( p=0.001), self-care ( p<0.05) and quality of life ( p=0.029). Key elements of these interventions include brain exercises, for example, syllable stacks, individualised assessment and customised education, personalised self-care schedule development, interactive problem-solving training on scenarios and association techniques to prompt self-care activities.

Conclusions:

Modest evidence for nurse led interventions among heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia was identified. These results must be interpreted with caution in light of the limited number of available included studies.
Honest Signals of Status: Facial and Bodily Dominance Are Related to Success in Physical but Not Nonphysical Competition
Authors: Kordsmeyer Tobias L. , Freund Daniel , Vugt Mark van , Penke Lars
Published: July 2019

Recent studies suggest that both facial and bodily dominance promote high status positions and predict status-seeking behaviors such as aggression and social dominance. An evolutionarily relevant context in which associations between these dominance signals and status outcomes may be prevalent are face-to-face status contests. The present study examined whether facial and bodily dominance predicted success in dyadic competitions (one physical discipline, arm wrestling, and three nonphysical disciplines) in men ( N = 125) in a controlled laboratory setting. Men’s bodies and faces were independently rated for physical dominance, and associations of these ratings with contest outcomes as well as mediating and moderating variables (such as physical strength, body height, trait dominance, baseline and reactive testosterone) were examined. Both facial and bodily dominance positively predicted success in the physical discipline, mediated by physical strength, but not in the three nonphysical disciplines. Our findings demonstrate that facial and bodily physical dominance may be honest signals for men’s formidability and hence status potential, at least in a physically competitive context.
Right-Wing Populism and the Politics of Insecurity: How President Trump Frames Migrants as Collective Threats
Authors: Béland Daniel
Published: July 2019

Despite the recent multiplication of publications on populism, an area that remains underexplored is the relationship between populism and the politics of insecurity, which refers to how perceived collective threats are framed and acted upon. The main objective of this article is to formulate an ideational framework for the analysis of populism as it intersects with the politics of insecurity. More specifically, the article focuses on right-wing populism, turning to the framing of migrants in the United States during the Trump presidency to illustrate specific claims about the relationship between populism and the politics of insecurity. As argued, the political framing of collective threats is a central aspect of populism. The role of framing points to the ideational side of populism, which is not a coherent ideology but a type of discourse through which perceived threats are strategically framed to both exacerbate collective insecurity and gather popular support by promising to shield citizens against these threats.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of del Nido Versus Conventional Cardioplegia in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: An Kevin R. , Rahman Ishtiaq A. , Tam Derrick Y. , Ad Niv , Verma Subodh , Fremes Stephen E. , Latter David A. , Yanagawa Bobby
Published: July 2019

Objective

Del Nido cardioplegia (DC) has been used extensively in pediatric cardiac surgery but the efficacy and safety in adults remains uncertain. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing DC and blood cardioplegia (BC) in our primary endpoint of 30-day or in-hospital mortality as well as other efficacy and safety endpoints.

Methods

Both MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1996 to 2017 for studies comparing DC and BC. Data were extracted by 2 independent investigators and aggregated in a random effects model.

Results

One randomized controlled trial ( n = 89), 7 adjusted ( n = 1,104), and 5 unadjusted observational studies ( n = 717) were included. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between DC and BC (relative risk:0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22, 2.07; P = 0.49). DC reduced cardioplegia volume requirements (mean difference [MD]:−1.1 L, 95% CI, −1.6, −0.6; P < 0.0001), aortic cross-clamp time (MD: −8 minutes, 95% CI, −12, −3; P = 0.0004), and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times (MD: −8 minutes, 95% CI, −14, −3; P = 0.03). DC reduced troponin release (standardized MD: −0.3, 95% CI, −0.5, −0.1; P = 0.001). In-hospital outcomes of stroke, atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injury/dialysis, low cardiac output state, blood transfusion, reoperation rate, postoperative left ventricular EF, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital LOS were comparable between groups.

Conclusions

DC is a safe alternative to BC in routine adult cardiac surgery. Its use is associated with reduction in CPB and aortic cross-clamp times and may potentially offer improved myocardial protection.
Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity of novel paeonol derivatives containing the 1,4-benzoxazinone and 1,2,3-triazole moieties
Authors: Yang Tingting , Shi Xin , Guo Libing , Gu Shaohua , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Guiqing , Li Wei , Jiang Yuqin
Published: July 2019

A new series of paeonol derivatives containing the 1,4-benzoxazinone and 1,2,3-triazole moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro against human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H1299 cells and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Among them, compared with that of paeonol, compounds 8-acetyl-4-{[(1-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-5-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one, 8-acetyl-4-[(1-mesityl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one, and 8-acetyl-5-methoxy-4-{[(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one exhibited significant inhibitory activity toward the human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H1299 cells (IC50 = 13.36 ± 0.003, 19.75 ± 0.3, 15.79 ± 0.05 μg mL−1). The last compound also exhibited significant inhibitory activity toward the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells (IC50 = 19.73 ± 1.0 μg mL−1).
Reversed Phi and the “Phenomenal Phenomena” Revisited
Authors: Rogers Brian , Anstis Stuart , Ashida Hiroshi , Kitaoka Akiyoshi
Published: July 2019

Reversed apparent motion (or reversed phi) can be seen during a continuous dissolve between a positive and a spatially shifted negative version of the same image. Similar reversed effects can be seen in stereo when positive and spatially shifted negative images are presented separately to the two eyes or in a Vernier alignment task when the two images are juxtaposed one above the other. Gregory and Heard reported similar effects that they called “phenomenal phenomena.” Here, we investigate the similarities between these different effects and put forward a simple, spatial-smoothing explanation that can account for both the direction and magnitude of the reversed effects in the motion, stereo and Vernier domains. In addition, we consider whether the striking motion effects seen when viewing Kitaoka’s colour-dependent Fraser-Wilcox figures are related to the reversed phi illusion, given the similarity of the luminance profiles.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in interferonophaties: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Trombetta A. , Ghirardo S. , Pastore S. , Tesser A. , Piscianz E. , Tommasini A. , Bobbo M. , Taddio A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension consists in an increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg), and may lead to right ventricular failure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension can arise in several disorders, encompassing inflammatory conditions and connective tissue diseases. The occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension has recently been reported in monogenic interferonopathies and in systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting the pathogenic role of type I interferons and paving the way to therapies aimed at inhibiting interferon signaling.

Case

We describe a 17‐year‐old boy with DNase II deficiency, presenting a clinical picture with significant overlap with systemic lupus erythematosus. During treatment with the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib, he developed pulmonary arterial hypertension, raising the question whether it could represent a sign of insufficient disease control or a drug‐related adverse event. The disease even worsened after drug withdrawal, but rapidly improved after starting the drug again at higher dosage.

Summary and conclusion

Pulmonary arterial hypertension can complicate type I interferonopathies. We propose that ruxolitinib was beneficial in this case, but the wider role of Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is not clear. For this reason, a strict cardiologic evaluation must be part of the standard care of subjects with interferonopathies, especially when Janus kinase inhibitors are prescribed.
Access to Care for VA Dialysis Patients During Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Lukowsky Lilia R. , Dobalian Aram , Goldfarb David S. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Der-Martirosian Claudia
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This study examines the use of dialysis services by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients following the Superstorm Sandy–related, months-long closure of the New York campus of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) New York Harbor VA Healthcare System (NYHHS, Manhattan VAMC). Methods: Outpatient visits, dialysis care, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations at VA and non-VA facilities for 47 Manhattan VAMC ESRD patients were examined 12 months pre- and post-Sandy using VA administrative and clinical data. Results: The Brooklyn campus of NYHHS, which is within ten miles of Manhattan VAMC, experienced the largest increase in the number of dialysis encounters after the closure. Dialysis encounters for VA patients also increased at non-VA facilities, rising on average, to 106 per month. For the James J Peters Bronx VAMC, the number of total dialysis encounters for Manhattan VAMC patients fluctuated between 39 and 43 per month, dropping to less than 30 after the Manhattan VAMC dialysis unit reopened. Conclusion: Manhattan VAMC ESRD patients used nearby alternate VA sites and non-VA clinics for their care during the closure of the Manhattan VAMC dialysis unit. The VA electronic health records played an important role in ensuring continuity of care for patients who exclusively used VAMC facilities post-Sandy because patient information was immediately accessible at other VA facilities. The events related to Superstorm Sandy highlight the need for dialysis providers to have a comprehensive disaster plan, including nearby alternate care sites that can increase service capacity when a dialysis facility is closed because of a disaster.
Exploring the Relationships Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Shame
Authors: Sedighimornani Neda , Rimes Katharine A. , Verplanken Bas
Published: July 2019

Mindfulness has been proposed as an effective tool for regulating negative emotions and emotional disorders. However, little is known about the relationship between mindfulness and shame. The purpose of the current study was to investigate associations between mindfulness, self-compassion, and shame. One-hundred and fifty-nine participants completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, and the Experience of Shame Scale. As expected, both mindfulness and self-compassion were negatively correlated with the experience of shame. In addition, self-compassion was found to fully mediate the relationship between mindfulness and shame. In an effort to explore this relationship further, the associations between specific facets of mindfulness (e.g., observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-reactivity, and non-judgment) and shame were examined. Results showed that the non-judgment facet remains a significant predictor of shame even after controlling for self-compassion. These findings highlight the negative self-evaluative nature of shame, suggesting that shamed individuals may benefit most from interventions that foster non-judgment attitudes toward feelings and thoughts.
The “amphi”-brains of amphipods: new insights from the neuroanatomy of Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853)
Authors: Wittfoth Christin , Harzsch Steffen , Wolff Carsten , Sombke Andy
Published: July 2019

Background

Over the last years, the amphipod crustaceanParhyale hawaiensishas developed into an attractive marine animal model for evolutionary developmental studies that offers several advantages over existing experimental organisms. It is easy to rear in laboratory conditions with embryos available year-round and amenable to numerous kinds of embryological and functional genetic manipulations. However, beyond these developmental and genetic analyses, research on the architecture of its nervous system is fragmentary. In order to provide a first neuroanatomical atlas of the brain, we investigatedP. hawaiensisusing immunohistochemical labelings combined with laser-scanning microscopy, X-ray microcomputed tomography, histological sectioning and 3D reconstructions.

Results

As in most amphipod crustaceans, the brain is dorsally bent out of the body axis with downward oriented lateral hemispheres of the protocerebrum. It comprises almost all prominent neuropils that are part of the suggested ground pattern of malacostracan crustaceans (except the lobula plate and projection neuron tract neuropil). Beyond a general uniformity of these neuropils, the brain ofP. hawaiensisis characterized by an elaborated central complex and a modified lamina (first order visual neuropil), which displays a chambered appearance. In the light of a recent analysis on photoreceptor projections inP. hawaiensis, the observed architecture of the lamina corresponds to specialized photoreceptor terminals. Furthermore, in contrast to previous descriptions of amphipod brains, we suggest the presence of a poorly differentiated hemiellipsoid body and an inner chiasm and critically discuss these aspects.

Conclusions

Despite a general uniformity of amphipod brains, there is also a certain degree of variability in architecture and size of different neuropils, reflecting various ecologies and life styles of different species. In contrast to other amphipods, the brain ofP. hawaiensisdoes not display any striking modifications or bias towards processing one particular sensory modality. Thus, we conclude that this brain represents a common type of an amphipod brain. Considering various established protocols for analyzing and manipulatingP. hawaiensis, this organism is a suitable model to gain deeper understanding of brain anatomy e.g. by using connectome approaches, and this study can serve as first solid basis for following studies.
Food for thought: bringing eating disorders out of the shadows
Authors: Nicholls Dasha , Becker Anne
Published: July 2019

Eating disorders are prevalent, potentially lethal, and treatable, yet remain underprioritised within clinical care, research and policy. Further, with rising public health focus on obesity, there is heightened risk for inadvertent exacerbation of disordered eating and further marginalisation of these serious mental disorders. This editorial calls for corrective action.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Dosing: Can We Go Lower Without Compromising Clinical Efficacy?
Authors: Renner Alex , Burotto Mauricio , Rojas Carlos
Published: July 2019

In just a few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the landscape in oncology, offering durable responses and improved survival for many patients across several tumor types. With more than 3,300 new agents in the immuno-oncology pipeline plus a wide array of combinations being studied, it seems this new era is just getting started. These advances come with a significant caveat: most of the world population does not have access to their benefits, because the yearly cost of a novel anticancer medication can routinely exceed $100,000. There is a large amount of data showing that checkpoint inhibitors have significant activity at doses much lower than those currently approved. We review the evidence for reduced drug dosing as a strategy to increase the number of patients who can be treated and what would be needed to further validate this approach.
Ontogeny of effective mechanical advantage in Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus)
Authors: Foster Adam D. , Butcher Michael T. , Smith Gregory A. , Russo Gabrielle A. , Thalluri Rajaa , Young Jesse W.
Published: July 2019

Juvenile animals must survive in the same environment as adults despite smaller sizes, immature musculoskeletal tissues, general ecological naïveté, and other limits of performance. Developmental changes in muscle leverage could constitute one mechanism to promote increased performance in juveniles despite ontogenetic limitations. We tested this hypothesis by using a holistic dataset on growth and locomotor development in wild Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) to examine ontogenetic changes in hindlimb muscle effective mechanical advantage (EMA). EMA is a dimensionless index of muscle leverage, equal to the quotient of average muscle lever length and the load arm length of the ground reaction force (GRF), effectively representing the magnitude of output force arising from a given muscle force. We found that EMA at the hip and ankle joints, as well as overall hindlimb EMA, significantly declined across ontogeny in S. floridanus, whereas EMA at the knee joint remained unchanged. Ontogenetic decreases in EMA were due to isometric scaling of muscle lever arm lengths alongside positive ontogenetic allometry of GRF load arm lengths – which in turn was primarily related to positive allometry of hindlimb segment lengths. Greater EMA limits the estimated volume of hindlimb extensor muscle that has to be activated in young rabbits, likely mitigating the energetic cost of locomotion and saving metabolic resources for other physiological functions, such as growth and tissue differentiation. An additional examination of limb growth allometry across a diverse sample of mammalian taxa suggests that ontogenetic decreases in limb joint EMA may be a common mammalian trend.
On the design of linked datasets mapping networks of collaboration in the genomic sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, and Sus scrofa
Authors: Wong Mark , Leng Rhodri
Published: July 2019

This paper describes a unique two-step methodology used to construct six linked bibliometric datasets covering the sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, and Sus scrofa genomes. First, we retrieved all sequence submission data from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), including accession numbers associated with each species. Second, we used these accession numbers to construct queries to retrieve peer-reviewed scientific publications that first linked to these sequence lengths in the scientific literature. For each species, this resulted in two associated datasets: 1) A .csv file documenting the PMID of each article describing new sequences, all paper authors, all institutional affiliations of each author, countries of institution, year of first submission to the ENA, and the year of article publication, and 2) A .csv file documenting all institutions submitting to the ENA, number of nucleotides sequenced, number of submissions per institution in a given year, and years of submission to the database. In several upcoming publications, we utilise these datasets to understand how institutional collaboration shaped sequencing efforts, and to systematically identify important institutions and changes in network structures over time. This paper, therefore, should aid researchers who would like to use these data for future analyses by making the methodology that underpins it transparent. Further, by detailing our methodology, researchers may be able to utilise our approach to construct similar datasets in the future.