bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galactic Cosmic Rays Production at the Equator and Magnetic Poles at the Minimum and Maximum Solar Activity
Authors: Roger Nakolemda , Gédéon Sawadogo , Moustapha Konaté , Emmanuel Nanema
Published: July 2022

Cosmic rays is composed of charged particles, created and possibly accelerated in the remains of supernovas. The measurement of cosmic ray fluxes allows to put constraints on their sources and their transport, but also to consider the problem of these radiations in the terrestrial environment. It is to answer these questions, that a numerical simulation code is established through the equations of HEAPS (1978) to evaluate this galactic flux in the upper atmosphere. The work proposed in this article is to estimate the production of galactic radiation at the equator and magnetic poles at the minimum and maximum of solar activity. On the other hand, the Sun emits a plasma which interacts with the particles of the cosmic radiation, modifying the fluxes resulting from the propagation in the galaxy. This modification evolves in time following the solar activity cycle and is called solar modulation. From this work, it appears that the magnetospheric geoefficiency depends on the geomagnetic latitude, and a high production at the magnetic poles. Since the cosmic ray intensity is affected by the interplanetary magnetic field, the galactic production is small during maximum solar activity and large at minimum solar activity.
Economic Feasibility Analysis of Processing of Sesame (Edible Oil) in Northern Telangana Zone
Authors: Mary N. , Sowjanya B. , Sunandini G. P. , Supriya K.
Published: July 2022

Sesame is an ancient crop and is often called as Queen of seeds. Sesame oil is consumed from ancient times for its extensive health benefits. The study was aimed to analyze financial feasibility of processing of sesame to sesame edible oil in Northern Telangana Zone of Telangana state where sesame is produced extensively. The data was collected from three districts from NTZ where sesame is grown extensively. Random sampling method is used to select the sesame processors in the study area. The data has been collected from 30 sesame processors from three districts through pre schedules. The data was analysed by using discounted cash flow techniques involving Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Worth (NPW), Benefit cost Ratio (BCR) were employed.

Result: The Net Present Worth of the processing units in the study area was positive and the results revealed that the sesame processing units higher IRR (30.33) and BCR (1.60) greater than one. The study showed that sesame processing units in the study area are financially feasible and profitable. The study suggests to increase awareness about the consumption and health benefits of using sesame oil in the study area.
Seasonal Incidence of Ginger Shoot Borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) and its Correlation with Abiotic Factors
Authors: Lalruatsangi K. , Ao M. Aleminla , Kuotsu Khrieketou
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental farm, Department of Entomology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema campus during 2018 and 2019 to study the seasonal incidence of ginger shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) and its correlation with abiotic factors. The results revealed that the incidence of C. punctiferalis was observed from 120 DAP (Days after planting) in D1 (15th February planting) which falls in the second week of June and for D2 (17th March planting) the incidence of C. punctiferalis was observed from the second week of July and for D3 (16th April planting) the incidence of C. punctiferalis was observed from the second week of August respectively for both the years. In both the experimental year, the highest incidence of C. punctiferalis was observed at 210 DAP in D3 which falls in the second week of November whereas the lowest incidence was recorded at 120 DAP in D1 which falls in the second week of June respectively. Among the weather parameters, maximum temperature and rainfall showed negative correlation whereas maximum relative humidity (RH) showed positive correlation on the incidence of C. punctiferalis for both the years respectively.
Growth and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of Banana in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sathiya R. , Naveenkumar M. , Senthilnathan S. , Grunathan S. , Devi M. Nirmala , Banumathy V.
Published: July 2022

The study shows that, analysis of trend, growth and stability of banana in decade’s periods of India and Tamil Nadu. Since, the study attempt to analyse and used the instability index Viz., Cuddy-Della Valle Index and Coppock Index. Whereas analyse trend and decomposition used the secondary data collected from various sources. The past decades area and production of banana was significant but the last 5 years it was decline due to the some socio economic factors (educational status, household size, fertilizer application and experience) of fruits growers and some of the climatic eradications. The area under banana in Tamil Nadu was decreased (The Compound Growth Rate was -4.06 per cent) but India was increased (one per cent) in the current year (2018-19), over the base year (2009-10). The growth rate for production and productivity were negative in Tamil Nadu and that were positive in India except productivity. The area and its interaction effect with area were found to be responsible for decrease in the production of banana in India. In Tamil Nadu area and yield were identified as major influencing factors for decrease in the production of banana. The change in production of banana is high compared to area and productivity. Hence the study recommends Government also used to formulate the policy to support fruit growers by announcing minimum support price and by providing cold storage facilities at minimum cost and subsidies for exporting fruits to other countries. It was indirectly support of the fruits growers to ensure the large scale production.
Studies on Organic Polymer Coated DAP Fertilizer on Phosphorus and Nitrate Releasing Pattern in Calcareous Soils
Authors: Arunima N. S. , Shanmugasundaram R. , Selvi D. , Gopal N. O.
Published: July 2022

An incubation experiment was carried out with DAP coated with chitosan and sodium alginate organic polymers. Treatments comprises of T1: Chitosan coated 75% DAP, T2: Chitosan coated 100% DAP, T3: Sodium alginate coated 75% DAP, T4: Sodium alginate coated 100% DAP, T5: 100% RDF (SSP), and T6: 100% RDF( DAP) which were replicated four times in completely randomized block design. Results revealed that 100% chitosan coated DAP (T2) was found to be superior than all the remaining treatments which was followed by 100% sodium alginate coated DAP (T4). Uncoated DAP and SSP high leachate P in the early stage of incubation study and there after P content was minimal in leachate. It was concluded that coated DAP had less release of P at the start of study and thereafter steady state because of the dissolution of P through the coated membrane. Similar trend was observed in nitrate releasing pattern.
Effects of Seed Priming with Proline and Glycine Betaine on Germination, Seedling Growth, and Photosynthetic Pigments of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Chilling Stress
Authors: Tania Shaila Shermin , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Rahaman Md. Moklasur , Hoque Md Anamul
Published: July 2022

Aims: Rice grown in late Rabi season frequently results poor germination and establishment because of exposure to extreme low temperature or chilling stress. Seed priming is an effective seed treating technique for uniform and good germination in various crops under different abiotic stresses. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of different seed priming agents in seed germination and seedling growth of rice (BRRI Dhan 29) under chilling stress (CS).

Place and Duration of Study: a pot experiment was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University during Late November – Mid December 2021.

Methodology: The rice seeds (BRRI Dhan 29) were soaked in different priming agents (hydro-priming, 20 mM proline and glycine betaine) for 30 min. The primed seeds were exposed to cold stress (under 5°C) in the refrigerator. The untreated seeds were used as control.

Results: The outcomes shown that proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) priming had a favorable effect on germination and survival rate, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, and photosynthetic pigments of leaves under CS. Among the treatments, Pro and GB at 20 mM and warm water performed better; while priming with tap water and Pro and GB at a concentration of demonstrated insignificant performance over control but considerable over stress in the majority of the parameters. The findings showed that seed priming generally has a favorable effect on germination and survival, shoot and root length and weight, and leaf chlorophyll content.

Conclusion: Proline, betaine, or warm water priming (at 45°C for 5 min.) can be thought of as a lasting priming agent. This means that priming may be an efficient strategy to boost seed germination and better seedling growth of rice under chilling stress.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Associated with Vocal Cord Paralysis
Authors: Chelal Aref , ALakkad Ashraf , Melki Sami
Published: July 2022

A 30-year-old male patient presented with a mixed complaint. He initially had developed complaints of backache two months ago. This pain was accompanied by the formation of two lumps in the back in the upper and lower regions. However, this was not the reason behind him presenting to the hospital. He complained of hoarseness of the voice, which seemed to have no background.

The man is neither an alcoholic nor a smoker. He has no significant medical or surgical history. His work history also remains unrelated to the hoarseness of his voice, as he is not required to speak loudly, which is typically linked to over exertion of the vocal cords.

Upon examination, it was learned that the two lumps that the patient had initially observed had grown in number. Now, there were several lumps on his back and shoulder regions.

When this particular observation, coupled with the hoarseness of voice, was investigated via diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT, and MRI, it was discovered that the patient was suffering from Grade IV Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. The cancer had progressed significantly as there was numerous organ involvement observed. The liver, adrenal glands, lungs, subcutaneous tissues, and muscles were all seen to be involved. Along with this, he had also developed bilateral deep vein thrombosis on both his lower limbs.

Although the patient had no significant symptoms that could have forced an earlier diagnosis, it was evident that the carcinoma was pancreato-biliary in origin.

The patient is now undergoing his chemotherapy, and so far, he has shown a remarkable ‘partial’ response to his treatment cycles. Therefore, a good prognosis is hoped if the progress remains the same over time.

This case study aims to reflect on all the possible angles of this patient’s presentation. It is also the utmost priority to correlate and investigate the link of his hoarseness with his actual cancer. This case study will guide future physicians and clinicians who will come across confusing cases such as these to reach a conclusive diagnosis.

Had it not been for the advanced diagnostic imaging technologies available within reach of both the hospital and the patient, the patient undoubtedly would have only been treated for his hoarseness, leaving the actual disease unchecked, undiagnosed, and untreated.
Surface Transformation Enables a Dendrite‐Free Zinc‐Metal Anode in Nonaqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Huang Fanyang , Li Xinpeng , Zhang Yuchen , Jie Yulin , Mu Xulin , Yang Chaoran , Li Wanxia , Chen Yawei , Liu Yang , Wang Shuai , Ge Binghui , Cao Ruiguo , Ren Xiaodi , Yan Pengfei , Li Qi , Xu Dongsheng , Jiao Shuhong
Published: July 2022

Significant challenges remain in developing rechargeable zinc batteries mainly because of reversibility problems on zinc‐metal anodes. The dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution on zinc electrodes are major obstacles to overcome in developing practical and safe zinc batteries. Here, a dendrite‐free and hydrogen‐free Zn‐metal anode with high Coulombic efficiency up to 99.6% over 300 cycles is realized in a newly designed nonaqueous electrolyte, which comprises an inexpensive zinc salt, zinc acetate, and a green low‐cost solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide. Surface transformation on Cu substrate plays a critical role in facilitating the dendrite‐free deposition process, which lowers the diffusion energy barrier of the Zn atoms, leading to a uniform and compact thin film for zinc plating. Furthermore, in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy reveals the plating process via a layer‐by‐layer growth mechanism and the stripping process through an edge‐dissolution mechanism. In addition, Zn||Mo6S8 full cells exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in terms of cycling stability and rate capability. This work presents a new opportunity to develop nonaqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.
Recent Advances for Alkylation of Ketones and Secondary Alcohols Using Alcohols in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yang Dong‐Yuan , Wang Hongli , Chang Chun‐Ran
Published: July 2022

The alkylation of ketones or secondary alcohols using alcohols as alkylating agents via hydrogen borrowing strategy presents a powerful method for the synthesis of ɑ‐alkylated ketones. In this review, we summarize the progress catalyzed by Ir, Pd, Rh, Ru, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu catalysts for the α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols and cross‐coupling of secondary alcohols with alcohols from 2017 to 2021. A wide range of ketones (aromatic and aliphatic ketones) and alcohols (benzylic and aliphatic primary alcohols, aromatic and aliphatic secondary alcohols, alkenyl alcohols, and diols) are well tolerated. Furthermore, we also discuss current challenges and propose perspectives on the coming development in this filed. The objective of the present review is to give an overview on recent advances for α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols and β‐alkylation of secondary alcohols with alcohols. Finally, we hope that this review will give inspirations on alkylation of ketones or secondary alcohols with alcohols.

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Hepatic histologic findings in a case of MEGDHEL syndrome due to SERAC1 deficiency
Authors: Yuen Lisa , Sahai Inderneel , O'Grady Lauren , Selig Martin , Walker Melissa Anne , Shah Uzma , Misdraji Joseph
Published: July 2022

MEGD(H)EL syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SERAC1, a protein necessary for phosphatidylglycerol remodeling. It is characterized by 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, deafness‐dystonia, (hepatopathy), encephalopathy, and Leigh‐like syndrome, but has a wide spectrum of severity. Here, we present a case of a child with MEGD(H)EL syndrome with infantile hepatopathy, neurodevelopmental delays, characteristic biochemical abnormalities, and biallelic novel SERAC1 mutations: (1) deletion of (at least) exons 2–4, pathogenic; and (2) c.1601A>T (p.H534L), likely pathogenic. Her initial clinical presentation was notable for persistently elevated transaminases, speech delay, delayed motor milestones, and sensorineural hearing loss. However, her verbal and motor development has progressively improved and now, at 4 years of age, she has only speech and mild gross motor delays as compared to her unaffected peers and is exceeding clinical expectations. The histologic features of a liver biopsy are described, which has not previously been published in detail for this syndrome. Hepatocytes showed granular cytoplasm and fine intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. The ultrastructural findings included abnormal circular mitochondrial cristae. These findings are consistent with a mitochondrial disorder.
Recommendations to encourage participation of individuals from diverse backgrounds in psychiatric genetic studies
Authors: MacDermod Casey , Pettie Michaela A. , Carrino Emily A. , Garcia Susana Cruz , Padalecki Sophie , Finch Jody E. , Sanzari Christina , Kennedy Hannah L. , Pawar Pratiksha S. , Mcgough Makenna M. , Iwashita Ava , Takgbajouah Mary , Coan Danielle , Szakasits Lindsey , Goode Rachel W. , Wu Ya‐Ke , Reyes‐Rodríguez Mae Lynn , Vacuán Eva María Trujillo Chi , Kennedy Martin A. , Cleland Lana , Jordan Jennifer , Maguire Sarah , Guintivano Jerry D. , Giusti‐Rodríguez Paola , Baker Jessica H. , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: July 2022

We present innovative research practices in psychiatric genetic studies to ensure representation of individuals from diverse ancestry, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, age, body shape and size, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to histories of inappropriate and harmful practices against marginalized groups in both psychiatry and genetics, people of certain identities may be hesitant to participate in research studies. Yet their participation is essential to ensure diverse representation, as it is incorrect to assume that the same genetic and environmental factors influence the risk for various psychiatric disorders across all demographic groups. We present approaches developed as part of the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI), a study that required tailored approaches to recruit diverse populations across many countries. Considerations include research priorities and design, recruitment and study branding, transparency, and community investment and ownership. Ensuring representation in participants is costly and funders need to provide adequate support to achieve diversity in recruitment in prime awards, not just as supplemental afterthoughts. The need for diverse samples in genetic studies is critical to minimize the risk of perpetuating health disparities in psychiatry and other health research. Although the EDGI strategies were designed specifically to attract and enroll individuals with eating disorders, our approach is broadly applicable across psychiatry and other fields.
Stabile zweibeinige Klavierstuhl‐Carbonyl‐ und gemischte Diborabenzol‐E4 (E=P, As) Sandwichkomplexe der Gruppe 8
Authors: Dietz Maximilian , Arrowsmith Merle , Reichl Stephan , Lugo‐Fuentes Leonardo I. , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Scheer Manfred , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2022

Ein cyclisches Alkyl(amino)carben‐stabilisierter 1,4‐Diborabenzol‐Ligand (DBB) ermöglichte die Isolierung von zweibeinigen 18‐Elektronen Klavierstuhl‐Komplexen von Fe0 und Ru0 der Form [(η6‐DBB)M(CO)2], wobei der Rutheniumkomplex der erste seiner Art ist, der strukturell charakterisiert wurde. [(η6‐DBB)Fe(CO)2] reagierte mit E4 (E=P, As) unter Ausbildung von gemischten DBB‐cyclo‐E4‐Sandwichkomplexen mit planaren E42− Liganden. Quantenchemische Berechnungen bestätigen die hohe Elektrondonorstärke des DBB Liganden und zeigen, dass die E4‐Liganden über vier äquivalente Fe‐P‐σ‐Bindungen gebunden sind.
Borane/Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization Reactions and Cycloaddition Reactions of Amines and α‐Alkynylenones
Authors: Tian Jun‐Jie , Sun Wei , Li Rui‐Rui , Tian Gui‐Xiu , Wang Xiao‐Chen
Published: July 2022

We designed a borane/gold(I) co‐catalytic system and used it for C−H functionalization reactions and cycloaddition reactions between tertiary amines and α‐alkynylenones. Both reactions effectively incorporated a furan ring into the amine.
Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near‐Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Shijie , Liu Baiqiao , Karuthedath Safakath , Wang Jing , He Yakun , Tan Wen Liang , Li Hao , Xu Yunhua , Li Ning , Hou Jianhui , Tang Zheng , Laquai Frédéric , McNeill Christopher R. , Brabec Christoph J. , Li Weiwei
Published: July 2022

Double‐cable conjugated polymers with near‐infrared (NIR) electron acceptors are synthesized for use in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). Through the development of a judicious synthetic pathway, the highly sensitive nature of the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC)‐based electron acceptors in basic and protonic solvents is overcome. In addition, an asymmetric design motif is adopted to optimize the packing of donor and acceptor segments, enhancing charge separation efficiency. As such, the new double‐cable polymers are successfully applied in SCOSCs, providing an efficiency of over 10 % with a broad photo response from 300 to 850 nm and exhibiting excellent thermal/light stability. These results demonstrate the powerful design of NIR‐acceptor‐based double‐cable polymers and will enable SCOSCs to enter a new stage.
Small‐Molecular‐Weight Additives Modulate Calcification by Interacting with Prenucleation Clusters on the Molecular Level**
Authors: Duchstein Patrick , Schodder Philipp I. , Leupold Simon , Dao Thi Q. N. , Kababya Shifi , Cicconi Maria R. , de Ligny Dominique , Pipich Vitaliy , Eike David , Schmidt Asher , Zahn Dirk , Wolf Stephan E.
Published: July 2022

Small‐molecular‐weight (MW) additives can strongly impact amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), playing an elusive role in biogenic, geologic, and industrial calcification. Here, we present molecular mechanisms by which these additives regulate stability and composition of both CaCO3 solutions and solid ACC. Potent antiscalants inhibit ACC precipitation by interacting with prenucleation clusters (PNCs); they specifically trigger and integrate into PNCs or feed PNC growth actively. Only PNC‐interacting additives are traceable in ACC, considerably stabilizing it against crystallization. The selective incorporation of potent additives in PNCs is a reliable chemical label that provides conclusive chemical evidence that ACC is a molecular PNC‐derived precipitate. Our results reveal additive‐cluster interactions beyond established mechanistic conceptions. They reassess the role of small‐MW molecules in crystallization and biomineralization while breaking grounds for new sustainable antiscalants.
Lastfall Impakt – Modellierung hochdynamischer Antworten von Strukturen aus bewehrtem Beton
Authors: Storm Johannes , Chihadeh Ahmad , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael
Published: July 2022

Die Berechnung dynamischer Versagensprozesse in Tragstrukturen ist eine ingenieurtechnische Herausforderung und Triebkraft der methodischen Entwicklung. Im Beitrag werden numerische Modelle für spröden Materialbruch und die partielle Ablösung der Bewehrung bei impulsartiger Bauteilbeanspruchung behandelt. Für das Versagen in Grenzschichten werden Methoden zur Reduktion des Rechenaufwands gezeigt. Grundlegend neue Ansätze sind aus der Forschung zur Rissberechnung hervorgegangen und werden mit einigen Beispielen vorgestellt. Der vorliegende Beitrag wurde am 15. Okt. 2021 im Rahmen des 25. Dresdner Baustatik‐Seminars präsentiert.
Association between mutational subgroups, Warburg‐subtypes, and survival in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Offermans Kelly , Jenniskens Josien C. A. , Simons Colinda C. J. M. , Samarska Iryna , Fazzi Gregorio E. , van der Meer Jaleesa R. M. , Smits Kim M. , Schouten Leo J. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Grabsch Heike I. , van den Brandt Piet A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Previous research suggests that Warburg‐subtypes are related to potentially important survival differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In the present study, we investigated whether mutational subgroups based on somatic mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, which are known to promote the Warburg‐effect, as well as mismatch repair (MMR) status, hold prognostic value in CRC. In addition, we investigated whether Warburg‐subtypes provide additional prognostic information, independent of known prognostic factors like TNM stage.

Methods

CRC patients (n = 2344) from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) were classified into eight mutually exclusive mutational subgroups, based on observed mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, and MMR status: All‐wild‐type + MMRproficient, KRASmut + MMRproficient, KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient, PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient, BRAFmut + MMRproficient, BRAFmut + MMRdeficient, other + MMRproficient, and other + MMRdeficient. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between mutational subgroups and survival, as well as associations between our previously established Warburg‐subtypes and survival within these mutational subgroups.

Results

Compared to patients with all‐wild‐type + MMRproficient CRC, patients with KRASmut + MMRproficient, KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient, BRAFmut + MMRproficient, or other + MMRproficient CRC had a statistically significant worse survival (HRCRC‐specific ranged from 1.29 to 1.88). In contrast, patients with other + MMRdeficient CRC had the most favorable survival (HRCRC‐specific 0.48). No statistically significant survival differences were observed for the Warburg‐subtypes within mutational subgroups.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the prognostic potential of mutational subgroups in CRC. Warburg‐subtypes did not provide additional prognostic information within these mutational subgroups. Future larger‐scale prospective studies are necessary to validate our findings and to examine the potential clinical utility of CRC subtyping based on mutational subgroups.
Trust me if you can: The effect of driver username on passengers' intention to use ride‐sharing service
Authors: Fu Huijian , He Junhong , Hong Jianhong , Hu Linfeng
Published: July 2022

Building trust and enhancing consumers' participation are critical for the growth of peer‐to‐peer sharing economy. This research explores the effect of driver username on passengers' intention to use ride‐sharing service and its underlying psychological mechanisms. The results indicate that driver username has a significant impact on passengers' intention to use ride‐sharing service, as a driver with a real name elicits greater intention to use ride‐sharing service than a driver with a screen name (studies 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c). In addition, the effect of driver username on passengers' intention to use ride‐sharing service is serially mediated by social presence and trust (study 2). Importantly, the effect of driver username on passengers' intention to use ride‐sharing service is moderated by driver reputation (studies 3a, 3b, and 3c). A high (vs. low) reputation facilitates the impact of driver username on passengers' usage intention. Based upon these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
A High‐Throughput Continuous Spectroscopic Assay to Measure the Activity of Natural Product Methyltransferases
Authors: Simon‐Baram Hadas , Roth Steffen , Niedermayer Christina , Huber Patricia , Speck Melanie , Diener Julia , Richter Michael , Bershtein Shimon
Published: July 2022

Natural product methyltransferases (NPMTs) represent an emerging class of enzymes that can be of great use for the structural and functional diversification of bioactive compounds, such as the strategic modification of C‐, N‐, O‐ and S‐moieties. To assess the activity and the substrate scope of the ever‐expanding repertoire of NPMTs, a simple, fast, and robust assay is needed. Here, we report a continuous spectroscopic assay, in which S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐dependent methylation is linked to NADH oxidation through the coupled activities of S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) deaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. The assay is highly suitable for a high‐throughput evaluation of small molecule methylation and for determining the catalytic parameters of NPMTs under conditions that remove the potent inhibition by SAH. Through the modular design, the assay can be extended to match the needs of different aspects of methyltransferase cascade reactions and respective applications.
Dissecting Noncovalent Interactions in Carboxyl‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids Exhibiting Double and Single Hydrogens Bonds Between Ions of Like Charge
Authors: Hunger Lasse , Al‐Sheakh Loai , Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Verevkin Sergey P. , Appelhagen Andreas , Villinger Alexander , Ludwig Ralf
Published: July 2022

We show that the carboxyl‐functionalized ionic liquid 1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [HOOC‐CH2‐py][NTf2] exhibits three types of hydrogen bonding: the expected single hydrogen bonds between cation and anion, and, surprisingly, single and double hydrogen bonds between the cations, despite the repulsive Coulomb forces between the ions of like charge. Combining X‐ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, IR spectroscopy, thermodynamic methods and DFT calculations allows the analysis and characterization of all types of hydrogen bonding present in the solid, liquid and gaseous states of the ionic liquid (IL). We find doubly hydrogen bonded cationic dimers (c+=c+) in the crystalline phase. With increasing temperature, this binding motif opens in the liquid and is replaced by (c+−c+−a− species, with a remaining single cationic hydrogen bond and an additional hydrogen bond between cation and anion. We provide clear evidence that the IL evaporates as hydrogen‐bonded ion pairs (c+−a−) into the gas phase. The measured transition enthalpies allow the noncovalent interactions to be dissected and the hydrogen bond strength between ions of like charge to be determined.
Robust reflections
Authors: Andrews David , Field Chris
Published: July 2022

Two senior statisticians/data scientists reflect on the challenges arising from the analysis of increasingly complex data using robustness. They include some thoughts on the types of robust analysis that will be needed in the future, while cognizant of our very limited ability to successfully predict the future.
The Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute 2003–2022
Authors: Thompson Mary , Reid Nancy , Estep Don
Published: July 2022

This article describes the founding and growth of the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI), starting from its early roots and continuing through to establishment as a mature research enterprise. The goal is to present a historical record of events and activities that were important in the development of CANSSI.
Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis: It's complicated…
Authors: Cathcart‐Rake Elizabeth J. , Sanft Tara , Tevaarwerk Amye J.
Published: July 2022

Sella and colleagues provide insight into the mechanisms potentially underlying weight changes for young survivors after a breast cancer diagnosis. However, policy and regulatory changes that target modifiable determinants of health with practical, sustainable interventions are needed to translate this information into meaningful action.
Pharmacokinetics of Icosapent Ethyl: An Open‐Label, Multiple Oral Dose, Parallel Design Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Yuan Fei , Li Hui , Yang Mengjie , Chen Weili , Chen Hanjing , Xu Hongrong , Li Jing , Sheng Lei , Liu Chao , Li Ye , Li Huan , Li Xuening
Published: July 2022

Icosapent ethyl (IPE) is a high‐purity prescription form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester that has been approved to lower triglyceride levels in adult patients with severe (≥500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. Before this study, there were no pharmacokinetics (PK) or safety data in Chinese patients after receiving IPE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PK of EPA in plasma and red blood cells and safety after oral administration of IPE capsules for 28 consecutive days in healthy Chinese subjects. It was a randomized, open‐label, parallel‐designed multiple‐dose, phase I study. Twenty‐four subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to 2 groups, including 6 men and 6 women in each group. Group A received IPE 2.0 g/day (1×1 g twice daily), and group B received IPE 4.0 g/day (2×1 g twice daily) with dosing after standard meals for 28 days. During the treatment period, PK samples were collected from all subjects before the morning dose on days 1, 14, 26, and 28. Following completion of the last study drug administration in the morning on day 28, an 18‐day posttreatment PK sample collection period was followed. Twenty‐four eligible subjects were enrolled in this study, and 1 subject withdrew from the study. The main PK parameters (baseline‐corrected maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve during a dosing interval) of plasma total EPA, RBC EPA, and plasma unesterified EPA increased with dose. Chinese healthy subjects who took IPE capsules orally in the dose range of 2.0 to 4.0 g/day for 28 consecutive days were safe and tolerable.
Photodynamic Antitumor Activity of 5,15‐Bis(perfluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)corrole and its Gallium(III) and Phosphorus(V) Complexes
Authors: Cen Jing‐He , Wan Bei , Zhao Yue , Li Meng‐Yuan , Liao Yu‐Hui , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: July 2022

This work reports the preparation and characterization of an A2B corrole 5,15‐bis(perfluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)corrole and its gallium(III) and phosphorus(V) complexes. Their in‐vitro photodynamic anticancer activities against A549, MDA‐MB‐231, B16, HepG2, and Hela cell lines were also investigated. Among three compounds, phosphorus(V) complexexhibits the best photostability, highest fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF=0.138), and the highest singlet‐oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ=0.87). Also, the phosphorus(V) complex exhibits the best photodynamic antitumor activity against MDA‐MB‐231 cells with a low IC50 (0.08 μM) upon light irradiation at 625±2 nm, which is much lower than commercial PDT drug Temoporfin (0.1 μM) at the same conditions. The cellular localization assay confirmed that the phosphorus(V) complexis mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and have a good ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light illumination, which would further cause oxidative damage to tumor cells and finally result in the apoptosis. After PDT treatment, phosphorus(V) complex may cause tumor cell arrest at the G2/M stage. The preliminary results showed phosphorus(V) corrole complex is a good candidate for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors.
Seychelles warblers with silver spoons: Juvenile body mass is a lifelong predictor of annual survival, but not annual reproduction or senescence
Authors: Brown Thomas J. , Dugdale Hannah L. , Hammers Martijn , Komdeur Jan , Richardson David S.
Published: July 2022

The environment experienced during development, and its impact on intrinsic condition, can have lasting outcomes for individual phenotypes and could contribute to variation in adult senescence trajectories. However, the nature of this relationship in wild populations remains uncertain, owing to the difficulties in summarizing natal conditions and in long‐term monitoring of individuals from free‐roaming long‐lived species. Utilizing a closely monitored, closed population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we determine whether juvenile body mass is associated with natal socioenvironmental factors, specific genetic traits linked to fitness in this system, survival to adulthood, and senescence‐related traits. Juveniles born in seasons with higher food availability and into smaller natal groups (i.e., fewer competitors) were heavier. In contrast, there were no associations between juvenile body mass and genetic traits. Furthermore, size‐corrected mass—but not separate measures of natal food availability, group size, or genetic traits—was positively associated with survival to adulthood, suggesting juvenile body mass is indicative of natal condition. Heavier juveniles had greater body mass and had higher rates of annual survival as adults, independent of age. In contrast, there was no association between juvenile mass and adult telomere length attrition (a measure of somatic stress) nor annual reproduction. These results indicate that juvenile body mass, while not associated with senescence trajectories, can influence the likelihood of surviving to old age, potentially due to silver‐spoon effects. This study shows that measures of intrinsic condition in juveniles can provide important insights into the long‐term fitness of individuals in wild populations.
ddRAD‐Seq reveals evolutionary insights into population differentiation and the cryptic phylogeography of Hyporhamphus intermedius in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Gongpei , Lai Han , Bi Sheng , Guo Dingli , Zhao Xiaopin , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Shuang , Liu Xuange , Su Yuqin , Yi Huadong , Li Guifeng
Published: July 2022

Species differentiation and local adaptation in heterogeneous environments have attracted much attention, although little is known about the mechanisms involved. Hyporhamphus intermedius is an anadromous, brackish‐water halfbeak that is widely distributed in coastal areas and hyperdiverse freshwater systems in China, making it an interesting model for research on phylogeography and local adaptation. Here, 156 individuals were sampled at eight sites from heterogeneous aquatic habitats to examine environmental and genetic contributions to phenotypic divergence. Using double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐Seq) in the specimens from the different watersheds, 5498 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found among populations, with obvious population differentiation. We find that present‐day Mainland China populations are structured into distinct genetic clusters stretching from southern and northern ancestries, mirroring geography. Following a transplant event in Plateau Lakes, there were virtually no variations of genetic diversity occurred in two populations, despite the fact two main splits were unveiled in the demographic history. Additionally, dorsal, and anal fin traits varied widely between the southern group and the others, which highlighted previously unrecognized lineages. We then explore genotype–phenotype‐environment associations and predict candidate loci. Subgroup ranges appeared to correspond to geographic regions with heterogeneous hydrological factors, indicating that these features are likely important drivers of diversification. Accordingly, we conclude that genetic and phenotypic polymorphism and a moderate amount of genetic differentiation occurred, which might be ascribed to population subdivision, and the impact of abiotic factors.
Combined direct and indirect impacts of warming on the productivity of coral reef fishes
Authors: Millington Rebecca C. , Rogers Alice , Cox Peter , Bozec Yves‐Marie , Mumby Peter J.
Published: July 2022

Ocean warming is already causing widespread changes to coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Warming is having direct and indirect impacts on food webs, but their interaction is unclear. Warming directly affects fishes and invertebrates by increasing their metabolic rate, resulting in changes to demographic processes such as growth rates. Indirect effects involve a loss of reef habitat quality as coral bleaching reduces the availability of refuges. We used a size‐structured dynamic energy budget model of fishes and invertebrates, coupled to a spatially explicit model of coral and algae, to explore potential changes to ecosystem function with warming. Modeled changes in biomass for +3°C of warming were found to be controlled predominantly by the direct effects of warming on growth rates, rather than by indirect effects via the changed coral habitat. Crucially for fisheries, the biomass of predators decreased by at least 50% with +3°C of warming, and productivity of predators decreased by at least 60%.
Riverscape heterogeneity in estimated Chinook Salmon emergence phenology and implications for size and growth
Authors: Kaylor Matthew J. , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Lemanski Joseph T. , Justice Casey , White Seth M.
Published: July 2022

Many salmonid‐bearing rivers exhibit thermal and hydrologic heterogeneity at multiple spatial and temporal scales, but how this translates into spatiotemporal patterns of fry emergence is poorly understood. Understanding this variability is important because emergence timing determines the biophysical conditions fish first experience (e.g., temperature, flow, and food supply), thereby influencing growth opportunities and survival during this critical life stage. We predicted spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) emergence phenology across four northeastern Oregon subbasins over 5–9 years using empirical spawning and temperature data. We then related interannual emergence timing estimates to juvenile salmon size and growth rates at consistent sampling locations. There were clear longitudinal patterns of predicted emergence timing in each subbasin: The shape of these patterns was consistent among years, but not among subbasins. In two subbasins, emergence occurred progressively later with distance upstream, whereas in the other two subbasins emergence was earliest at upstream sites. Within each year, median emergence dates among sites within each subbasin ranged between 44 and 58 days. This spatial variation was comparable to interannual variation, with median emergence dates for a given location in each subbasin ranging between 47 and 74 days among years. Contrary to our expectations, juvenile salmon were not larger in years with earlier emergence, owing to slower estimated spring and summer growth rates compared to years with later emergence. Despite large interannual variation in estimated emergence dates, these results suggest that other factors (e.g., stream flow, temperature, and density‐dependence) were more important than growth duration in determining juvenile salmon growth rates and size among years. We demonstrated considerable spatial and interannual variation in emergence phenology within these subbasins. Understanding how this variation translates to spatiotemporal patterns of juvenile salmon habitat use, growth, and survival has important implications for guiding restoration efforts and understanding how climate change may impact these populations.
Efficient Dry Impregnation of Zirconium into H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolites
Authors: de Macedo Vinícius , de Lima Rafael O. P. , Piva Diogenes H.
Published: July 2022

There is considerable interest in adjusting the acidity and pore architecture of zeolites. Herein, we present solventless incorporation of zirconium (∼2–10 wt.%) in a precursor and desilicated (0.2 and 0.4 mol L−1 NaOH) H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite. Infrared and UV‐vis‐DR spectroscopy confirmed the grafting of highly dispersed Zr in all the zeolites. XRD indicated the presence of ZrO2 in zeolites with higher Zr contents. The micropore volume of the precursor zeolite decreased by ∼10 %, suggesting the presence of Zr mainly on the external surface, while it decreased more than 20 % for the desilicated sample, suggesting Zr had access to the micropores at higher Zr contents. Infrared spectroscopy after pyridine adsorption provided evidence for the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in all zeolites, but the Brønsted acid‐to‐Lewis acid site ratio decreased by >50 % depending on the Zr and NaOH concentrations. The presence of Zr critically changed the predominant nature of the acid sites of the desilicated zeolites.
Cofluctuation analysis reveals aberrant default mode network patterns in adolescents and youths with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li Lei , Su Xiaoran , Zheng Qingyu , Xiao Jinming , Huang Xin Yue , Chen Wan , Yang Kaihua , Nie Lei , Yang Xin , Chen Huafu , Shi Shengli , Duan Xujun
Published: July 2022

Resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) approaches provide informative estimates of the functional architecture of the brain, and recently‐proposed cofluctuation analysis temporally unwraps FC at every moment in time, providing refined information for quantifying brain dynamics. As a brain network disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was characterized by substantial alteration in FC, but the contribution of moment‐to‐moment‐activity cofluctuations to the overall dysfunctional connectivity pattern in ASD remains poorly understood. Here, we used the cofluctuation approach to explore the underlying dynamic properties of FC in ASD, using a large multisite resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) dataset (ASD = 354, typically developing controls [TD] = 446). Our results verified that the networks estimated using high‐amplitude frames were highly correlated with the traditional rsFC. Moreover, these frames showed higher average amplitudes in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Principal component analysis was performed on the activity patterns in these frames and aggregated over all subjects. The first principal component (PC1) corresponds to the default mode network (DMN), and the PC1 coefficients were greater in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Additionally, increased ASD symptom severity was associated with the increased coefficients, which may result in excessive internally oriented cognition and social cognition deficits in individuals with ASD. Our finding highlights the utility of cofluctuation approaches in prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders and verifies that the aberrant contribution of DMN to rsFC may underline the symptomatology in adolescents and youths with ASD.
Agricultural activities and risk of central nervous system tumors among French farm managers: Results from the TRACTOR project
Authors: Petit Pascal , Gandon Gérald , Chabardès Stéphan , Bonneterre Vincent
Published: July 2022

The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is complex and involves many suspected risk factors. Scientific evidence remains insufficient, in particular in the agricultural field. The goal of our study was to investigate associations between agricultural activities and CNS tumors in the entire French farm manager workforce using data from the TRACTOR project. The TRACTOR project hold a large administrative health database covering the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002‐2016, on the whole French metropolitan territory. Associations were estimated for 26 activities and CNS tumors using Cox proportional hazards model, with time to first CNS tumor insurance declaration as the underlying timescale, adjusting for sex, age and geographical area. There were 1017 cases among 1 036 069 farm managers, including 317 meningiomas and 479 gliomas. Associations varied with tumor types, sex and types of crop and animal farming. Analyses showed several increased risks of CNS tumors, in particular for animal farming. The main increases in risk were observed for meningioma in mixed dairy and cow farming (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09‐2.81) and glioma in pig farming (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37‐3.80). Our study brings new insights on the association of a wide range of agricultural activities and CNS tumor and subtype‐specific risks in farm managers. Although these findings need to be corroborated in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, they could have implications for enhancing CNS tumor surveillance in agriculture.