bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Social Disorganizational Theory of Suicide1
Authors: Abrutyn Seth
Published: March 2023

Over the last 20 years, suicide rates have grown across most demographic groups in the United States, making the sociological study of suicide as imperative now as it was in Durkheim's day. For the most part, however, sociologists study suicide solely using Durkheim's analytic strategy. The following article recovers a text on suicide long since forgotten by sociology. Divided into three parts, the article begins first by revisiting Ruth Cavan's social disorganizational theory of suicide, eventually culminating in a formalization of her theory. Second, the article brings contemporary social scientific ideas to bear on her theory to modify and extend its empirical utility. Third, the article considers the implications this theoretical exercise has for an increasingly vibrant and creative sociology of suicide.
C3d‐binding assay for the detection of complement activating HLA antibodies: A useful tool for allocation to highly sensitised recipients in the post‐CDC era?
Authors: Wong Zo Ee , Downing Jonathan , De Santis Dianne , Halse Megan , Bruce Samuel , Truong Linh , Martinez Patricia , D'Orsogna Lloyd J.
Published: March 2023

The CDC crossmatch test is being phased out in solid organ donor allocation, and standard luminex single antigen bead assays do not differentiate complement activating function of HLA antibodies. The current study investigated the LIFECODES C3d‐binding assay to determine if it could accurately predict actual T and B cell CDC results in a cohort of highly sensitised patients. Nineteen serum samples from different highly sensitised solid organ patients were crossmatched against cells from 62 unique donors, with 174 total T and B cell crossmatches performed. The sera also underwent SAB assay using OLI and LC platforms, and C3d‐binding assay. Complement activating ability of each unique HLA antibody specificity detected using SAB was assigned based on the actual CDC results, which was then used to determine the accuracy of the C3d‐binding assay. The C3d‐binding assay was found to be highly accurate, with sensitivity of 95%, specificity 89% and negative predictive value 97% for class I DSA and the T cell CDC crossmatch results. Furthermore, we found 100% accuracy for prediction of the complement activating function of HLA‐C antibodies. Negative predictive value of above 90% was also found for HLA class II DSA. C3d‐binding proved more accurate than virtual crossmatch alone to predict CDC results. This study confirms that the C3d‐binding assay predicts actual CDC crossmatch results accurately. In particular, the high negative predictive value of the C3d‐binding assay may be extremely useful to define HLA antibodies that do not activate complement in highly sensitised recipients.
Two Cases of Malingered Crime‐Related Amnesia
Authors: Zago Stefano , Preti Alice N. , Difonzo Teresa , D'Errico Annalisa , Sartori Giuseppe , Zangrossi Andrea , Bolognini Nadia
Published: March 2023

Amnesia is a frequent claim in major crimes, and it is estimated that the complete or partial absence of memory following a crime ranges from 25% to 50% of total cases. Although some cases may constitute a genuine form of amnesia, due to organic‐neurological defects or psychological causes, and possibly combined with a dissociative or repressive coping style after an extreme experience, malingering is still fairly common in offenders. Therefore, one of the main goals in medico‐legal proceedings is to find methods to determine the credibility of crime‐related amnesia. At present, a number of lie and memory detection techniques can assist the forensic assessment of the reliability of declarative proof, and have been devised and improved over the past century: for example, modern polygraphs, event‐related potentials, thermal imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, kinematic, and facial analysis. Other ad hoc psychological tests, such as the so‐called Symptom Validity Test (SVT) and Performance Validity Test (PVT), as well as the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT), can also be used. To date, however, there is little evidence or case reports that document their real usefulness in forensic practice. Here, we report two cases of crime‐related amnesia, whereby both defendants, who were found guilty of homicide, appeared to exhibit dissociative amnesia but where the application of SVTs, PVTs, and aIAT detected a malingered amnesia.
Novel technique to control the focal spot size using carbon nanotube based cold cathode electron beam (C-beam) architecture
Authors: Bhotkar Ketan , Yu Yi Yin , Sawant Jaydip , Patil Ravindra , Park Kyu Chang
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the development of a cold cathode electron beam (C-beam) based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) and the optimization of field emission (FE) from C-beam architecture design. The characteristics of the electron beam are typically required to match the applications of interest. To study the FE, five distinct multi-array emitter island designs, viz., 65 × 65, 75 × 75, 90 × 90, 100 × 100, and 240 × 240 μm2, were fabricated. The island 240 × 240 μm2 (single island) was divided into a group of four subislands each with dimensions 65 × 65, 75 × 75, 90 × 90, and 100 × 100 μm2. We explored the field-screening effect of these different island designs using experiments and modeling, and we discovered that the size of the island had a significant impact on the FE properties. Moreover, we found that the island’s size significantly affected its I–V properties, with a 75 × 75 μm2 island offering 0.7 mA anode current the best emission current among other islands. Additionally, tungsten cross wire (EN 12543-5), a typical resolution testing object, had its focal spot size (FSS) measured using x-ray imaging, and the lowest FSS of 0.45 and 0.49 mm in both vertical and horizontal directions was obtained. This innovative method has a great deal of promise for developing the next generation of VACNT-based electron sources.
Open ocean ambient noise data in the frequency band of 100 Hz–50 kHz from the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yang Jie , Nystuen Jeffery A. , Riser Stephen C. , Thorsos Eric I.
Published: March 2023

Bubbles from wind generated breaking surface waves are the dominant ambient noise source [Dean and Stokes, Nature 418, 839–844 (2002)]. With ambient noise data collected in the open ocean between 100 Hz and 50 kHz from 1999 to 2022, the ambient noise level is observed to sharply decrease as wind speed increases beyond 15 m/s for frequencies higher than 4 kHz. Data-model comparisons show a mismatch, as existing models including the Wenz curves [Wenz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1936–1956 (1962)] are monotonic in nature. The decrease at high wind speeds and frequencies is likely due to attenuation when ambient sound propagates through the deeper and denser bubble layer for high sea conditions [Farmer and Lemon, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 14, 1761–1777 (1984)].
Time-domain simulation of acoustic wave scattering and internal propagation from a gas bubble of various shapes
Authors: Hou Jiacheng , Zheng Zhongquan Charlie , Allen John S.
Published: March 2023

Acoustic scattering and resonances of gas bubbles are computed using a time-domain simulation based on numerical solutions of the conservation laws. The time histories of scattered pressure and fluid velocity, outside and inside the bubble, are obtained simultaneously from an immersed-boundary method allowing for the investigation of exterior and interior fields for non-spherical geometries. The acoustic resonances of the bubble are investigated for various bubble sizes, shapes, and inner gas parameters and compared in limiting cases to the partial wave scattering solutions for spherical bubbles. The dynamics of the gas motion and its associated contribution to resonance response has received little attention in previous analytical and numerical formulations. In this study, the acoustic propagation and motion inside the interior gas is investigated with respect to the monopole resonance with the combined time-domain simulation and immersed-boundary method. For the non-spherical prolate and oblate shapes, the scattering and resonance behaviors are compared with the approximate analytical results based on the shape factor method. The simulation method can be extended to less-understood shapes relevant to underwater and physical acoustics, such as “pancake-shaped” or “cigar-shaped” bubbles, as well as to spatial and time-dependent forcing.
A genetically encoded far-red fluorescent indicator for imaging synaptically released Zn
2+
Authors: Wu Tianchen , Kumar Manoj , Zhang Jing , Zhao Shengyu , Drobizhev Mikhail , McCollum Mason , Anderson Charles T. , Wang Ying , Pokorny Antje , Tian Xiaodong , Zhang Yiyu , Tzounopoulos Thanos , Ai Hui-wang
Published: March 2023

Synaptic zinc ion (Zn
2+
) has emerged as a key neuromodulator in the brain. However, the lack of research tools for directly tracking synaptic Zn
2+
in the brain of awake animals hinders our rigorous understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of synaptic Zn
2+
. In this study, we developed a genetically encoded far-red fluorescent indicator for monitoring synaptic Zn
2+
dynamics in the nervous system. Our engineered far-red fluorescent indicator for synaptic Zn
2+
(FRISZ) displayed a substantial Zn
2+
-specific turn-on response and low-micromolar affinity. We genetically anchored FRISZ to the mammalian extracellular membrane via a transmembrane (TM) ⍺ helix and characterized the resultant FRISZ-TM construct at the mammalian cell surface. We used FRISZ-TM to image synaptic Zn
2+
in the auditory cortex in acute brain slices and awake mice in response to electric and sound stimuli, respectively. Thus, this study establishes a technology for studying the roles of synaptic Zn
2+
in the nervous system.
Large increases in methane emissions expected from North America’s largest wetland complex
Authors: Bansal Sheel , Post van der Burg Max , Fern Rachel R. , Jones John W. , Lo Rachel , McKenna Owen P. , Tangen Brian A. , Zhang Zhen , Gleason Robert A.
Published: March 2023

Natural methane (CH
4
) emissions from aquatic ecosystems may rise because of human-induced climate warming, although the magnitude of increase is highly uncertain. Using an exceptionally large CH
4
flux dataset (~19,000 chamber measurements) and remotely sensed information, we modeled plot- and landscape-scale wetland CH
4
emissions from the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), North America’s largest wetland complex. Plot-scale CH
4
emissions were driven by hydrology, temperature, vegetation, and wetland size. Historically, landscape-scale PPR wetland CH
4
emissions were largely dependent on total wetland extent. However, regardless of future wetland extent, PPR CH
4
emissions are predicted to increase by two- or threefold by 2100 under moderate or severe warming scenarios, respectively. Our findings suggest that international efforts to decrease atmospheric CH
4
concentrations should jointly account for anthropogenic and natural emissions to maintain climate mitigation targets to the end of the century.
ATM-SPARK: A GFP phase separation–based activity reporter of ATM
Authors: Li Xiaoquan , Chung Chan-I , Yang JunJiao , Chaudhuri Sibapriya , Munster Pamela N. , Shu Xiaokun
Published: March 2023

The kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a key role in the DNA damage response (DDR). It is thus essential to visualize spatiotemporal dynamics of ATM activity during DDR. Here, we designed a robust ATM activity reporter based on phosphorylation-inducible green fluorescent protein phase separation, dubbed ATM–SPARK (separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase). Upon ATM activation, it undergoes phase separation via multivalent interactions, forming intensely bright droplets. The reporter visualizes spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous ATM activity in living cells, and its signal is proportional to the amount of DNA damage. ATM-SPARK also enables high-throughput screening of biological and small-molecule regulators. We identified the protein phosphatase 4 that blocks ATM activity. We also identified BGT226 as a potent ATM inhibitor with a median inhibitory concentration of ~3.8 nanomolars. Furthermore, BGT226 sensitizes cancer cells to the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin, suggesting that BGT226 might be combined with radiotherapeutic treatment. ATM-SPARK achieves large dynamic range, bright fluorescence, and simple signal pattern.
Hundred million years of landscape dynamics from catchment to global scale
Authors: Salles Tristan , Husson Laurent , Rey Patrice , Mallard Claire , Zahirovic Sabin , Boggiani Beatriz Hadler , Coltice Nicolas , Arnould Maëlis
Published: March 2023

Our capability to reconstruct past landscapes and the processes that shape them underpins our understanding of paleo-Earth. We take advantage of a global-scale landscape evolution model assimilating paleoelevation and paleoclimate reconstructions over the past 100 million years. This model provides continuous quantifications of metrics critical to the understanding of the Earth system, from global physiography to sediment flux and stratigraphic architectures. We reappraise the role played by surface processes in controlling sediment delivery to the oceans and find stable sedimentation rates throughout the Cenozoic with distinct phases of sediment transfer from terrestrial to marine basins. Our simulation provides a tool for identifying inconsistencies in previous interpretations of the geological record as preserved in sedimentary strata, and in available paleoelevation and paleoclimatic reconstructions.
The exceptional women of MIT
The Exceptions: Nancy Hopkins, MIT, and the Fight for Women in Science
Kate Zernike
Scribner, 2023. 432 pp.
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: March 2023

A 20th-century battle for equal treatment of female scientists resonates today
Voices in the ocean
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , Herbst Christian T.
Published: March 2023

Toothed whales evolved a third way of making sounds similar to that of land mammals and birds
Science for humanity
Authors: Barabino Gilda A.
Published: March 2023

This year marks the 175th anniversary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, the publisher of
Science
). In striving to advance its mission, the organization’s theme for its annual meeting (2 to 5 March in Washington, DC), “Science for Humanity,” reiterates its commitment to explore and make sense of the world through inquiry, evidence seeking, and discovery. The words of archbishop and Nobel laureate Desmond Tutu are a reminder that this pursuit must be shared by everyone if it is to serve all of society: “My humanity is bound up in yours, for we can only be human together.” These words aptly capture the essence of the ties that bind us, which include our shared DNA, our need to bond with others, and our ability to collaborate. Science is intertwined with the human condition and stories of the human experience and is hence the great connector. The more we embrace our common humanity—and science as a unifier—the better we will understand what it means to be human and what it will take to sustain ourselves and our planet.
In Other Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , McCartney Melissa , Szuromi Phil , Lavine Marc S. , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Hurtley Stella M.
Published: March 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Novel Transmission-Blocking Antimalarials Identified by High-Throughput Screening of Plasmodium berghei Ookluc
Authors: Calit Juliana , Araújo Jessica E. , Deng Bingbing , Miura Kazutoyo , Gaitán Xiomara A. , Araújo Maisa da Silva , Medeiros Jansen F. , Long Carole A. , Simeonov Anton , Eastman Richard T. , Bargieri Daniel Y.
Published: March 2023

Safe and effective malaria transmission-blocking chemotherapeutics would allow a community-level approach to malaria control and eradication efforts by targeting the mosquito sexual stage of the parasite life cycle. However, only a single drug, primaquine, is currently approved for use in reducing transmission, and drug toxicity limits its widespread implementation.
Draft Genome Sequences of 14 Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Imported Shrimp
Authors: Alotaibi Khulud , Revollo Javier , Sung Kidon , Miranda Jaime A. , Khan Saeed A. , Khan Ashraf A. , Nawaz Mohamed
Published: March 2023

We report the draft genome sequences of 14 fluoroquinolone-resistant
Escherichia coli
strains that were isolated from imported shrimp. All isolates contained multiple point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and non-QRDRs of
gyrA
,
parC
, and
parE
genes. The data improve the understanding of fluoroquinolone resistance and indicate resistance mechanisms.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fluconazole-Resistant Yarrowia lipolytica Clinical Isolate CBS 18115
Authors: Lavergne Rose-Anne , Barbier Paul , Mobuchon Lenha , Banerjee Atanu , Prasad Rajendra , Morio Florent
Published: March 2023

Yarrowia lipolytica
is a nonconventional yeast of industrial interest that can sometimes act as an opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for invasive fungal infections. We report the draft genome sequence of the fluconazole-resistant strain CBS 18115, which was isolated from a blood culture. The Y132F substitution in
ERG11
, which was previously described in fluconazole-resistant
Candida
isolates, was identified.
Dating submarine landslides using the transient response of gas hydrate stability
Authors: Portnov Alexey , You Kehua , Flemings Peter B. , Cook Ann E. , Heidari Mahdi , Sawyer Derek E. , Bünz Stefan
Published: March 2023

Submarine landslides are prevalent on the modern-day seafloor, yet an elusive problem is constraining the timing of past slope failure. We present a novel age-dating technique based on perturbations to underlying gas hydrate stability caused by slide-impacted seafloor changes. Using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data, we mapped an irregular bottom simulating reflection (BSR) underneath a submarine landslide in the Orca Basin, Gulf of Mexico. The irregular BSR mimics the pre-slide seafloor geometry rather than the modern bathymetry. Therefore, we suggest that the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is still adjusting to the post-slide sediment temperature. We applied transient conductive heat-flow modeling to constrain the response of the GHSZ to the slope failure, which yielded a most likely age of ca. 8 ka, demonstrating that gas hydrate can respond to landslides even on multimillennial time scales. We further provide a generalized analytical solution that can be used to remotely date submarine slides in the absence of traditional dating techniques.
Effect of covid-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review
Authors: Byambasuren Oyungerel , Stehlik Paulina , Clark Justin , Alcorn Kylie , Glasziou Paul
Published: March 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of covid-19 vaccination, given before and after acute infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, or after a diagnosis of long covid, on the rates and symptoms of long covid.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane covid-19 trials, and Europe PubMed Central (Europe PMC) for preprints, from 1 January 2020 to 3 August 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies reporting on patients with long covid and symptoms of long covid, with vaccination before and after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, or after a diagnosis of long covid. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool.

Results

1645 articles were screened but no randomised controlled trials were found. 16 observational studies from five countries (USA, UK, France, Italy, and the Netherlands) were identified that reported on 614 392 patients. The most common symptoms of long covid that were studied were fatigue, cough, loss of sense of smell, shortness of breath, loss of taste, headache, muscle ache, difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, worry or anxiety, and memory loss or confusion. 12 studies reported data on vaccination before infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 10 showed a significant reduction in the incidence of long covid: the odds ratio of developing long covid with one dose of vaccine ranged from 0.22 to 1.03; with two doses, odds ratios were 0.25-1; with three doses, 0.16; and with any dose, 0.48-1.01. Five studies reported on vaccination after infection, with odds ratios of 0.38-0.91. The high heterogeneity between studies precluded any meaningful meta-analysis. The studies failed to adjust for potential confounders, such as other protective behaviours and missing data, thus increasing the risk of bias and decreasing the certainty of evidence to low.

Conclusions

Current studies suggest that covid-19 vaccines might have protective and therapeutic effects on long covid. More robust comparative observational studies and trials are needed, however, to clearly determine the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing and treating long covid.

Protocol registration

Open Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/e8jdy.
Tracking anadromous fish over successive freshwater migrations reveals the influence of tagging effect, previous success, and abiotic factors on upstream passage over barriers
Authors: Davies Peter , Britton J. Robert , Castro-Santos Theodore , Crundwell Charles , Dodd Jamie R. , Nunn Andrew D. , Velterop Randolph , Bolland Jonathan D.
Published: March 2023

Predicting and mitigating the impact of anthropogenic barriers on migratory fish requires an understanding of the individual and environmental factors that influence barrier passage. Here, the upstream spawning migrations of iteroparous twaite shad Alosa fallax were investigated over three successive spawning migrations in a highly fragmented river basin using passive acoustic telemetry ( n = 184). More fish approached and passed barriers in the lower river reaches than further upstream, with the median cumulative weir passage time of 4.6 (1.8–9.2) days representing 18% of their time in the river. Returning fish in their second year had significantly higher weir passage rates than in their tagging year, with passage rates also positively influenced by previous passage success. Higher water temperatures and river levels also had positive impacts on passage rates. Lower weir passage rates by newly tagged individuals suggest that reliance on within-year passage estimates in telemetry-based barrier impact assessments could result in conservative results, while the higher passage rates of previously successful versus unsuccessful individuals suggest a conserved motivation and/or inherent ability to pass barriers.
Convolutional Neural Network Classification of Topographic Electroencephalographic Maps on Alcoholism
Authors: Gimenez Victor Borghi , Dos Reis Suelen Lorenzato , Simões de Souza Fábio M.
Published: March 2023

Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for substantial health loss, disability, and death. Thus, there is a general interest in developing computational tools to classify electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in alcoholism, but there are a limited number of studies on convolutional neural network (CNN) classification of alcoholism using topographic EEG signals. We produced an original dataset recorded from Brazilian subjects performing a language recognition task. Then, we transformed the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) into topographic maps by using the ERP’s statistical parameters across time, and used a CNN network to classify the topographic dataset. We tested the effect of the size of the dataset in the accuracy of the CNNs and proposed a data augmentation approach to increase the size of the topographic dataset to improve the accuracies. Our results encourage the use of CNNs to classify abnormal topographic EEG patterns associated with alcohol abuse.
ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE TRANSMISSION OF GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED VIRUS 3 BY THE VINE MEALYBUG, PLANOCOCCUS FICUS
Authors: CHAPWANYA MICHAEL , KENYON ERIN
Published: March 2023

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is the most common and economically destructive grapevine viral disease in South African vineyards and throughout the world. There are many GLD-associated virus variants with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) being the main causative agent of GLD. The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, is the most widespread and problematic vector of GLRaV-3. Roguing, pesticides and sanitary measures are common control strategies used in South African vineyards. In this paper, we propose an age-structured mathematical model for the transmission of (GLRaV-3) by Planococcus ficus in the South African context. The model is investigated in terms of the transmission thresholds and control strategies. A simplified model is used to shed light into the qualitative dynamics of transmission and assess the effectiveness of roguing as the main control strategy for GLRaV-3 spread.
Distributivity Conditions of Idempotent Uninorms and Two Special Kinds of Aggregation Functions
Authors: Zhang Ting-Hai , Qin Feng , Wan Jie , Li Wen-Huang
Published: March 2023

Recently, some authors studied the distributive equations for continuous t-norms and some families of usual classes of uninorms over overlap functions in Refs. 25 and 32, but lacked a complete characterization of the distributivity on idempotent uninorms and overlap or grouping functions widely used in image processing. As a supplement to the previous results, in this article we fully characterize the distributivity equations of idempotent uninorms over these two functions by virtue of the associated functions of idempotent uninorms. Moreover, we also discuss the distributivity conditions of above two special functions over idempotent uninorms, yet find in this case that the associated functions of idempotent uninorms must satisfy particular conditions and those two functions usually are a class of special aggregation functions with a constant domain whose value equals to the neutral element of the idempotent uninorm.
POLICIES AND PRACTICES TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF HIGHLY VULNERABLE YOUNG CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES
Authors: AZZI-LESSING LENETTE
Published: March 2023

Although the global movement to support early childhood well-being has resulted in the development and expansion of many programs to support early development and learning, most of these programs fall short of meeting the needs of highly vulnerable young children and their families. This paper discusses the complex, multiple needs of these children and their families and the importance of providing them with the comprehensive, customized services needed to address the many challenges these families face, particularly challenges caused by poverty. It includes an examination of the characteristics of programs and services that appear to hold promise for meeting the needs of these families and improving outcomes for highly vulnerable infants and young children, and why such extra-strength programs and services are scarce. The paper then explores the ways in which social workers can engage at both the practice and the policy level to address inequality and other forms of injustice and ensure that these programs and services are sufficiently available to the young children and families who desperately need them.
DEVELOPING AND ANALYZING NEW WELFARE TYPOLOGIES BASED ON HEALTH CARE, LEAVE BENEFIT AND EDUCATION POLICY DOMAINS COVERING 16 EAST ASIAN AND EUROPEAN CAPITALIST COUNTRIES/REGIONS
Authors: HO KING YAN , YU SAM WAI-KAM
Published: March 2023

Since Esping-Andersen [(1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. New York: Wiley] classified 18 capitalist countries into "three worlds of welfare capitalism", comparative studies of welfare have been dominated by his work and the responses to it. This paper focuses on two important responses. Firstly, there is a criticism that East Asian welfare regimes have not been given sufficient attention in the study by Esping-Andersen (1990). Secondly, analysts have doubts about the assumption that welfare regimes have a high degree of internal policy cohesion. To make contributions to these two responses, two analytical tasks are conducted. Firstly, new health care, education and leave benefits policy domains covering 16 East Asian and European capitalist countries/territories are built. Secondly, evidence generated from these policy domains is used to inform the discussion of two arguments: (i) there is a lack of essential conditions for East Asian countries/territories to form their own unique category of welfare regime in the areas of education, health care and leave benefits; and (ii) welfare regimes have a high degree of internal policy cohesion.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infection of pneumocytes with vaccination and drug therapy: Mathematical analysis and optimal control
Authors: Viriyapong R. , Inkhao P.
Published: March 2023

We propose a mathematical model studying a within-host infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in pneumocytes. This model incorporates immune response, vaccination and antiviral drugs. The crucial properties of the model — the existence, positivity and boundary of solutions — are established. Equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number are calculated. The stability of each equilibrium point is analyzed. Optimal control is applied to the model by adding three control variables: vaccination, treatment by Favipiravir and treatment by Molnupiravir. Numerical results show that each individual control could reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in some aspects; however, with a combination of three controls, we obtain the best results in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study has emphasized the importance of prevention by vaccine and the antiviral treatments.
The characterization of lucky edge coloring in graphs
Authors: Anantayasethi A. , Koppitz J. , Worawiset S. , Saengsura K.
Published: March 2023

The lucky edge coloring of graph [Formula: see text] is a proper edge coloring which is induced by a vertex coloring such that each edge is labeled by the sum of its vertices. The least integer [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] has a lucky edge coloring in the set [Formula: see text] is called lucky number, denoted by [Formula: see text]. The lucky numbers were already calculated for a large number of graphs, but not yet for trees. In this paper, we provide the characterization of lucky edge coloring and calculate the lucky number for graphs which can be regarded as complete [Formula: see text]-ary trees.
Resource Allocation in Multicore Elastic Optical Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Pinto-Ríos Juan , Calderón Felipe , Leiva Ariel , Hermosilla Gabriel , Beghelli Alejandra , Bórquez-Paredes Danilo , Lozada Astrid , Jara Nicolás , Olivares Ricardo , Saavedra Gabriel
Published: March 2023

A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach is applied, for the first time, to solve the routing, modulation, spectrum, and core allocation (RMSCA) problem in dynamic multicore fiber elastic optical networks (MCF-EONs). To do so, a new environment was designed and implemented to emulate the operation of MCF-EONs - taking into account the modulation format-dependent reach and intercore crosstalk (XT) - and four DRL agents were trained to solve the RMSCA problem. The blocking performance of the trained agents was compared through simulation to 3 baselines RMSCA heuristics. Results obtained for the NSFNet and COST239 network topologies under different traffic loads show that the best-performing agent achieves, on average, up to a four-times decrease in blocking probability with respect to the best-performing baseline heuristic method.
Effect of Molybdenum Disulphide Thin Films on Enhancing the Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Kaliyannan Gobinath Velu , Sivaraj Santhosh , Muthiah Essakkiappan , Khaan Abdul Azeem Ajmal , Ravichandran Dharmaprakash , Uddin Md. Elias
Published: March 2023

This research work focuses on augmenting the power conversion efficiency of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell with the aid of antireflection coating (ARC) of synthesized molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). The sol-gel technique and electrospraying method were preferred for synthesizing and depositing MoS2 as transparent thin films on the surface of the solar cells. The optical, electrical, structural, and thermal properties of the coated solar cells were analyzed for understanding the influence of the MoS2 coating. Five different samples (A-II, A-III, A-IV, A-V, and A-VI) were coated with varying coating time. Among them, 120 min coated sample experienced a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.96% and 18.82% under direct sunlight and neodymium light with resistivity as low as

2.79
×

10

−
3

 
Ω
−
cm

. The investigation of optical properties of the coated solar cells revealed a maximum transmittance of 93.6% and minimum reflectance of 6.3%, achieved for A-IV sample in the visible UV spectrum. Sample A-IV showed prominent results in the temperature analysis with temperatures as low as 38.9°C in uncontrolled and 43.2°C in controlled source environments. The results from various analyses proved that MoS2 was an appropriate material for an antireflection coating to enhance the performance of polycrystalline solar cell.
Automatic Task Planning and Its On-Orbit Verification of Agile Remote Sensing Satellite
Authors: Yahang Zhang , Haiyue Yang , Mengfei Yang , Ruochu Yang , Shuhang Leng
Published: March 2023

An on-board autonomous task planning system is designed and implemented in this article, aiming at the problem that the current remote sensing satellite needs complex instruction support to perform tasks and depends on the ground system too much. The complex earth observation task description and injection decomposition modules are designed in the system. No more than 128 ordered points describe the curve area task or irregular polygon area task, and the complex task is decomposed into several strips according to the satellite imaging width. Then, the task’s orbit, attitude, mobility, energy, and time constraints are calculated through the modules of on-board orbit prediction, agile attitude calculation, track planning, energy prediction, and visible arc calculation. Finally, the on-board autonomous task planning and execution are completed through task solution space search and metatask command generation modules. The on-orbit flight verification is carried out on the high-resolution multimode (GFDM) satellite. The results show that this paper’s on-board autonomous task planning system can complete complex task injection and autonomous planning and finally execute.
A Compact High-Gain, High-Power, Ultrashort Pulse Signal Acquisition Device
Authors: Fang Jinyong , Zhai Chang , Wu Jiangniu , Zhang Haoliang , Huang Huijun , Li Qiwei
Published: March 2023

Ultrashort pulse (USP) signal with high peak power is also called ultrawideband signal, which has a broad application prospect in radar detection and electronic countermeasures and other fields. In this paper, an acquisition device is proposed to obtain the USP signal with ultrahigh compression efficiency (CE) and ultrahigh power compression gain (PCG). The long input pulse with a time length of μs level can be compressed to a narrow pulse with a pulse width of 450 ps level (2.6–3.9 GHz) by using the proposed USP acquisition device. Under the condition without loss, the CE of the USP acquisition device can reach up to 98% according to the simulated results. In the simulation, if the material of the acquisition device is set to copper material, then the CE has some reduction due to conductor loss. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed USP acquisition device, a USP acquisition device is established and measured. According to the measurement results, a measured PCG of 27 dB is achieved and the pulse width is approximately 460 ps. The peak power of the output USP signal reaches to 100 kW under the condition of input pulse with a power of 200 W.
High-Throughput Peptide Arrays Identify Potential Diagnostic Autoantibody Signatures in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Rongrong , Zhong Pei , Li Xiying , Cai Juan , Tao Yimin , Xiong Bangzhu , Zheng Hancheng , Zhang Zhishang , Tang Le , Yao Jiarui , Li Yingrui , Shi Yuankai , Han Xiaohong
Published: March 2023

Background:

Early diagnosis is critical to lung adenocarcinoma patients’ survival but faces inadequacies in convenient early detection.

Methods:

We applied a comprehensive microarray of 130,000 peptides to detect “autoantibody signature” that is autoantibodies binding to mimotopes for early detection of stage 0–I LUAD. Plasma samples were collected from 147 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (Early-LUAD), 108 benign lung disease (BLD), and 122 normal healthy controls (NHC). Clinical characteristics, low-dose CT (LDCT), and laboratory tests were incorporated into correlation analysis.

Results:

We identified 143 and 133 autoantibody signatures, distinguishing Early-LUAD from NHC/BLD in the discovery cohort. Autoantibody signatures significantly correlated with age, stage, tumor size, basophil count, and IgM level (P < 0.05). The random forest models based on differential autoantibody signatures displayed AUC of 0.92 and 0.87 to discern Early-LUAD from NHC/BLD in the validation cohort, respectively. Compared with LDCT, combining autoantibody signature and LDCT improved the positive predictive value from 50% to 78.33% (P = 0.049). In addition, autoantibody signatures displayed higher sensitivity of 72.4% to 81.0% compared with the combinational tumor markers (cyfra21.1, NSE, SCC, ProGRP) with a sensitivity of 22.4% (P = 0.000). Proteins matched by differential peptides were enriched in cancer-related PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt pathways. Overlaps between matched epitopes and autoantibody signatures illustrated the underlying engagement of autoantibodies in immune recognition.

Conclusions:

Collectively, autoantibody signatures identified by a high-throughput peptide microarray have the potential to detect Early-LUAD, which could assist LDCT to better diagnose Early-LUAD.

Impact:

Novel sensitive autoantibody signatures can adjuvant LDCT to better diagnose LUAD at very early stage.
Abstract CC1-1-1: To clip or not to clip (Part 1)
Authors: Caudle Abigail
Published: March 2023

Clinically node positive breast cancer patients often recieve neoadjuvant chemotherapy which can eradicate nodal disease. While sentinel node dissection alone has been shown to predict treatment response with a false negative rate of 12-14%, it is possible to increase the accuracy by performing targeted axillary dissection (TAD). To perform TAD, a clip is placed in a node if biopsy confirms disease. The procedure then involves selectively localizing and removing the clipped node in addition to the sentinel nodes. Multiple studies have show that this approach has a false negative rate of <5%. These studies also show that the clipped node is not retrieved as a sentinel node in > 20% of cases. This means that evaluating the sentinel nodes alone would miss evaluating the node with confirmed disease in a significant proportion of patients. This session will focus on the question of whether there is benefit to placing clips in nodes and ensuring removal after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Citation Format: Abigail Caudle. To clip or not to clip (Part 1) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr CC1-1-1.
Abstract ED1-4: Patient Advocate Perspective
Authors: Spears Patty
Published: March 2023

Patient reported outcome (PRO) measures can be collected in clinical trials or clinical care through questionnaires. PROs allow a direct measure of how a patient is feeling and functioning, directly from the patient without interpretation by another person or clinician. PROs give patients a voice. Although there are challenges to collecting PROs, these challenges can be overcome. When deciding which measures to collect there are some things to keep in mind. For example, if the questions are relevant and meaningful to what the patient is experiencing they will be more likely to fill them out, providing useful information. The questionnaires can also be given in multiple formats (electronic, paper, telephone) to accommodate the preferences of different patients. However, collecting PROs is not enough, the information collected needs to be used to inform future patients or inform patient care. Additional challenges and benefits of collecting PROs in breast cancer research and clinical care from the patient perspective will be discussed.

Citation Format: Patty Spears. Patient Advocate Perspective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr ED1-4.
Abstract GS5-05: ZNF689 deficiency promotes intratumor heterogeneity and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ge Li-Ping , Jin Xi , Di Gen-Hong , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: March 2023

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease characterized by remarkable intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), which poses a significant therapeutic challenge. However, the key determinants and underlying mechanisms of ITH in TNBC remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: We used multi-omics data from our cohort (n = 260) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 134) cohort to comprehensively characterize ITH at the genetic and histologic levels. Transcriptomic differences between high ITH and low ITH tumors were compared to identify the core genes contributing ITH in TNBC. Xenograft models were used to examine the role of key determinants in TNBC ITH. The molecular mechanism was investigated by mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, RNA-seq, long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) reporter, ATAC-seq, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and coculture assay. Results: We found that high ITH was associated with poor patient survival and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance, which were validated in four independent ICB-treated trials. Further analysis indicated zinc finger protein 689 (ZNF689) deficiency as an important determinant of TNBC ITH. Mechanistically, the ZNF689-TRIM28 complex directly bound to the promoter of LINE-1, inducing H3K9me3-mediated transcriptional silencing. ZNF689 deficiency reactivated LINE-1 retrotransposition to exacerbate genomic instability, which promoted ITH. ZNF689 deficiency-induced ITH inhibited antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell infiltration, leading to ICB resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of LINE-1 retrotransposition reduced ITH, augmented antitumor immunity, and eventually sensitized ZNF689-deficient tumors to ICB. Consistently, ZNF689 expression positively correlated with favorable prognosis and ICB responsiveness in clinical samples. Conclusions: Our study uncovers a new mechanism underlying ZNF689 deficiency-induced ITH and suggests LINE-1 inhibition combined with ICB as a novel treatment strategy in TNBC.

Citation Format: Li-Ping Ge, Xi Jin, Gen-Hong Di, Yi-Zhou Jiang, Zhi-Ming Shao. ZNF689 deficiency promotes intratumor heterogeneity and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr GS5-05.
Abstract P1-04-12: Systemic immune response to a Phase I/II trial of Durvalumab concomitant with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early stage TNBC
Authors: Blenman Kim , Marczyk Michal , Foldi Julia , Gunasekharan Vignesh , Silber Andrea L.M. , Pusztai Lajos
Published: March 2023

Background Peripheral blood cells and secreted products are important regulators of the systemic immune response. Circulating cytokines have been shown to predict severity of immune-related toxicity in melanoma patients that received combination anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated 38 serum cytokines and the peripheral blood t cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire of 66 patients with TNBC for associations with pCR, treatment phase (PRE; POST), and immune related treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Methods Serum and peripheral blood buffy coats were collected at pre-treatment (week 0) and at post-treatment (~ week 24). MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel was run in duplicate and read on the Luminex platform. Genomic DNA was isolated using QIAGEN Kits per manufacturer’s instructions. TCR immune repertoire profiling was performed using the Immunoseq at Adaptive Biotechnologies. Statistical analysis was performed in R. P-values < 0.05 for serum cytokines and P-values < 0.05 for TCR were considered significant. Results Pielou’s diversity index showed no difference between patient groups for TCR (P>0.319). Baseline samples had increased sCD40L, EGF, and IL-10 in patients with RD compared to pCR (P< 0.05). Baseline samples had decreased FGF2 and IFN gamma in patients with immune related TEAEs compared to those with no immune related TEAEs (P< 0.05). Comparison of Pre- vs Post-treatment revealed that EGF, MIP1 alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-8, and MDC were increased in patients with pCR compared to those with RD. Comparison of Pre- vs. Post- also revealed increased levels of cytokines (EGF, IL-7, IFN gamma, GM-CSF) in samples in patients with immune related TEAEs (P< 0.05) compared to those patients without immune-related TEAEs. It also revealed that there was an increase in a subset of cytokines (IL-7, IL-4, MCP3, and IL-1 alpha) in patients that presented with serious immune related TEAEs (P< 0.05) compared to those patients without serious immune-related TEAEs. Conclusions There are subsets of circulating inflammatory cytokines that may be associated with treatment emergent adverse events in patients with TNBC treated with Durvalumab concomitant with standard of care chemotherapy.

Citation Format: Kim Blenman, Michal Marczyk, Julia Foldi, Vignesh Gunasekharan, Andrea L.M. Silber, Lajos Pusztai. Systemic immune response to a Phase I/II trial of Durvalumab concomitant with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early stage TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-12.