bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El sacerdocio de todos los creyentes - Parte I: Fundamentos bíblicos
Authors: Mueller Ekkehardt
Published: April 2020

Este es el primero de dos artículos donde se aborda el tema del sacerdocio de todos los creyentes. Este primer artículo se enfoca en los fundamentos bíblicos de este concepto. Se discuten los textos bíblicos relevantes para comprender el asunto tanto en el Antiguo Testamento como en el Nuevo. En el caso del Nuevo Testamento se tienen en cuenta tanto los textos clásicos que se refieren al tema del sacerdocio del creyente como así también otra evidencia neotestamentaria que apoya el concepto indirectamente.
The Effective Management of Ethnopolitics in the Countries of Eastern Europe and the Security of the Region: the Identification of Determinant Factors
Authors: Кароляк-Михальская Магдалена
Published: April 2020

Citation: Karolak-Michalska M. (2020) The Effective Management of Ethnopolitics in the Countries of Eastern Europe and the Security of the Region: the Identification of Determinant Factors. Mir Rossii, vol. 29, no 2, pp. 179–194. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-179-194

his article presents the determinant factors that affect the management of ethnopolitics in the countries of Eastern Europe and the way those factors influence the security of the region. The first part of the article explains what ethnopolitics is and where the essence of the management of ethnopolitics lies. The second part points out the key determinants of national politics in Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus, including ethno-demographic, cultural, legal, ethnopolitical and multilateral factors. The article concludes that omitting these determinants hinders the effective planning, organization and control of ethnopolitical management. The failure of state authorities in the region to take these factors into account in formulating geopolitical goals results in a lack of effectiveness of national politics. It is, however, conducive to creating conflicts and tensions on ethnic grounds, which threaten the security of individual countries, and consequentially the security of the region. The last part of the article also contains recommendations concerning the effective management of ethnopolitics in the countries of Eastern Europe.
Некорректные заимствования в российских докторских диссертациях: сколько, где и у кого?
Authors: Макеева Александра Алексеевна , Цивинская Анжелика Олеговна , Соколов Михаил Михайлович , Соколова Надежда Александровна , Губа Катерина Сергеевна
Published: April 2020

Цитирование: Макеева А.А., Цивинская А.О., Соколов М.М., Соколова Н.А., Губа К.С. (2020) Некорректные заимствования в российских докторских диссертациях: сколько, где и у кого? // Мир России. Т. 29. № 2. С. 27–48. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-27-48

Тема плагиата в диссертациях политиков и иных публичных фигур неоднократно попадала в фокус внимания общественности в последние годы. Активистские расследования, направленные на изобличение конкретных нарушителей, не позволяют, однако, составить общую картину распространенности плагиата в России. Мы предприняли попытку восполнить этот пробел, проанализировав случайную выборку из 2468 докторских диссертаций, защищенных в 2006–2015 гг. (9,3% от генеральной совокупности) с помощью скриптов программы «Антиплагиат». Наши данные позволяют не только оценить общее распространение плагиата, но и проверить несколько гипотез о том, какие факторы стоят за практикой заимствования. Мы рассматриваем три возможных объяснения, основанные на теоретических моделях альтернативных конвенций (группы ученых разделяют разные представления о допустимых заимствованиях), аномии (за плагиатом стоят сбои в академической социализации) и рационального выбора (за заимствованием стоит рациональное взвешивание издержек и выгод нарушения нормы). Мы проанализировали влияние на вероятность появления плагиата ряда независимых переменных, соотносимых с этими гипотезами – дисциплины, региона и типа организации, где прошла защита, года защиты и наукометрических показателей диссертанта. Средняя доля обнаруженных заимствований составила 19,1%. Медиана – 13,9%. Только четверть диссертаций имеют долю заимствований менее 7% текста, при этом, однако, 6,1% авторов заимствовали более 50%. В целом гипотеза альтернативных конвенций в свете полученных результатов выглядит наиболее убедительно: переменные, которые являются вероятными коррелятами аномии (экспансия дисциплины, высокие показатели имитативности научной деятельности), незначительно влияют на вероятность появления плагиата значимого воздействия, а переменные, существенные с точки зрения модели рационального выбора (индивидуальная сила ученого, сила институции, распространение «Антиплагиата»), оказывают лишь слабое влияние.
Среднее vs высшее
Authors: Константиновский Давид Львович , Попова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: April 2020

Цитирование: Константиновский Д.Л., Попова Е.С. (2020) Среднее vs высшее // Мир России. Т. 29. № 2. С. 6–26. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-6-26

В образовательных и профессиональных траекториях молодежи России произошли значимые изменения. С 2015 г. охват программами среднего профессионального образования по подготовке специалистов среднего звена превысил охват программами высшего образования и продолжает расти. В статье на материалах государственной статистики и Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения проводится сравнение занятости и безработицы, мотивации выбора и динамики интереса, социального самочувствия после трудоустройства обладателей дипломов о среднем профессиональном и высшем образовании. Показано, что вузовский диплом потерял и в реальной, и в символической ценности как для обладающего им (или стремящегося к обладанию), так и для работодателя. При этом уменьшение стремления к высшему образованию, спад вовлеченности в эту сферу содержат определенные риски для наращивания и эффективного использования человеческого капитала. Обосновывается необходимость комплексного изучения побудительных мотивов социального поведения молодежи, аспектов ее дальнейшего трудоустройства и социального самочувствия.
Risk from Oklahoma’s Induced Earthquakes: The Cost of Declustering
Authors: Maurer Jeremy , Kane Deborah , Nyst Marleen , Velasquez Jessica
Published: April 2020

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has for each year 2016–2018 released a one-year seismic hazard map for the central and eastern United States (CEUS) to address the problem of induced and triggered seismicity (ITS) in the region. ITS in areas with historically low rates of earthquakes provides both challenges and opportunities to learn about crustal conditions, but few scientific studies have considered the financial risk implications of damage caused by ITS. We directly address this issue by modeling earthquake risk in the CEUS using the 1 yr hazard model from the USGS and the RiskLink software package developed by Risk Management Solutions, Inc. We explore the sensitivity of risk to declustering and b-value, and consider whether declustering methods developed for tectonic earthquakes are suitable for ITS. In particular, the Gardner and Knopoff (1974) declustering algorithm has been used in every USGS hazard forecast, including the recent 1 yr forecasts, but leads to the counterintuitive result that earthquake risk in Oklahoma is at its highest level in 2018, even though there were one-fifth as many earthquakes as occurred in 2016. Our analysis shows that this is a result of (1) the peculiar characteristics of the declustering algorithm with space-varying and time-varying seismicity rates, (2) the fact that the frequency–magnitude distribution of earthquakes in Oklahoma is not well described by a single b-value, and (3) at later times, seismicity is more spatially diffuse and seismicity rate increases are closer to more populated areas. ITS in Oklahoma may include a combination of swarm-like events with tectonic-style events, which have different frequency–magnitude and aftershock distributions. New algorithms for hazard estimation need to be developed to account for these unique characteristics of ITS.
PENERAPAN METODE BOX MULLER OF GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION UNTUK MENENTUKAN TINGKAT KESULITAN PADA GAME PEMBELAJARAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG API
Authors: Ihsan Afif Nuril
Published: April 2020

Skenario tingkat kesulitan pada game merupakan komponen penting dalam pembuatan game. Supaya skenario tingkat kesulitan game lebih menantang dan tidak monoton maka skenario tingkat kesulitan harus ditentukan secara otomatis atau dinamis. Dalam penelitian ini, penentuan skenario tingkat kesulitan akan dibangun dengan metode Box Muller Of Gaussain Distribution supaya skenario tingkat kesulitan dapat berjalan secara otomatis atau dinamis, sehingga skenario bisa dipilih secara acak dan tidak bisa diprediksi oleh pemain. Pada penelitian ini skenario tingkat kesulitan digunakan pada game Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api untuk mengatur kesulitan soal IPA yang akan muncul pada tiap level. Pada tahap pengujian akan dilakukan dua pengujian antara game Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api dengan metode Box Muller Of Gaussian Distribution dan tanpa metode. Dari tahap pengujian ini didapat bahwa game yang menggunakan metode lebih bervariasi dalam penentuan skenario tingkat kesulitan.  Pada tahap pengujian ini didapat mean / rata-rata ideal untuk siswa kelas 4 SD yaitu µ = 5.5. Kemudian tahap validasi akan digunakan validasi behavior dengan cara mencari 5 siswa kelas 4 SD untuk memainkan permainan. Dari 5 siswa yang mencoba game Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api didapat hasil bahwa, siswa pertama memiliki rata-rata keberhasilan 71.11111%, siswa kedua mendapatkan 81.48148148%, siswa ketiga 79.16666667%, siswa keempat 73.61111111%, dan siswa kelima 87.5%. Dari penelitian ini didapat kesimpulan bahwa Box Muller of Gaussian Distribution berhasil mengatur skenario tingkat kesulitan secara dinamik atau otomatis.
Biomasse et stocks de carbone en Afrique centrale : importance de l’allométrie des arbres
Authors: Loubota Panzou Grace Jopaul
Published: April 2020

Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone dans les forêts tropicales est essentiel pour la mise en œuvre des stratégies d’atténuation des changements climatiques, et notamment le mécanisme de réduction des émissions dues à la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts. Les scientifiques s’accordent aujourd’hui à utiliser une équation allométrique de biomasse générale, combinée à une allométrie hauteur-diamètre ajustée sur des données locales non destructives. Or, l’allométrie des arbres varie entre les espèces et stratégies fonctionnelles d’une part, entre les types de forêts et conditions du milieu d’autre part. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat était d’étudier les variations de l’allométrie des arbres entre espèces coexistantes, et entre sites et types de forêts, en vue d’améliorer les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone en Afrique centrale. Les variations des allométries hauteur-diamètre et houppier-diamètre ont été rapportées pour les 45 espèces d’arbres coexistantes d’un site représentatif des forêts semi-décidues à Celtis du nord du Congo. Les relations entre les traits architecturaux dérivés à partir des allométries spécifiques aux espèces et les traits fonctionnels ont mis en évidence un continuum d’espèces entre les espèces de grande taille dominant la canopée et les espèces de petite taille dominant le sous-bois. Les espèces d’arbres de grande taille étaient exigeantes en lumière, dispersées par le vent, décidues avec une large contribution à la biomasse forestière, alors que les espèces d’arbres de petite taille étaient tolérantes à l’ombrage, dispersées par les animaux, sempervirentes et plus abondantes en densité de tiges. Les variations des allométries hauteur-diamètre et houppier-diamètre ont été également montrées entre les types de forêts en Afrique centrale. Ces tendances étaient en outre confirmées pour les espèces communes entre les types de forêts, suggérant un contrôle environnemental sur les variations de l’allométrie des arbres. Des attributs architecturaux dérivés des allométries spécifiques aux sites, en plus des attributs plus classiques de structure et de composition, ont pu être dérivés et reliés aux variations spatiales de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone. Cette thèse de doctorat a fourni de nouvelles données pour les futures cartes de biomasse dans le cadre du suivi du carbone forestier en Afrique centrale.
PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK SADAR HUKUM DALAM MENJALANKAN ADVOKASI HUKUM KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Paripurna Amira
Published: April 2020

Kelompok sadar hukum dan desa sadar hukum telah dijadikan sebagai salah satu indikator kesadaran hukum masyarakat yang ditetapkan oleh Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI yang tertuang dalam RENSTRA Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI. Target dalam program pendampingan kepada masyarakat di Desa Seputih Kecamatan Mayang Jember ini adalah: a. membentuk kelompok sadar hukum; b. kelompok-kelompok sadar yang dibentuk dapat memenuhi kriteria untuk menjadi desa atau kelurahan sadar hukum; c. Kelompok sadar hukum yang dibentuk melakukan advokasi terhadap permasalahan hukum (terutama kasus kekerasan perempuan anak dan penyalahgunaan obat-obatan terlarang, korupsi) yang terjadi di lingkungannya. Metode dan tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melalui: a. kegiatan temu sadar hukum (ceramah, simulasi); b. diseminasi buku panduan (buku saku) ‘melek hukum’; c. pendampingan pembentukan kelompok sadar hukum; d. Pendampingan aktivitas advokasi oleh kelompok sadar hukum. Luaran kegiatan ini adalah terbentuknya dan berdirinya  1 (satu) kelompok sadar hukum dan kelompok advokasi di kecamatan Mayang; Pendampingan aktivitas advokasi yang dilakukan oleh kelompok sadar hukum
PENGARUH SUPPLEMENTASI Lactobacillus plantarum TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Anggraeni Dara Puspita , Ali Muhamad , Haris Ali , Amin Muhamad
Published: April 2020

Fitat merupakan salah satu senyawa antinutrisi pada pakan dengan bahan dasar yang mengandung biji-bijian seperti kedelai. Senyawa tersebut dapat mengikat protein dan mineral-mineral penting di dalam saluran pecernaan ikan sehingga dapat menyebabkan daya cerna pakan menjadi rendah. Senyawa yang dapat memecah fitat adalah enzim fitase. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bakteri penghasil enzim fitase (Lactobacillus plantrarum) terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. L. plantarum diberikan melalui penyemprotan pada pakan komersial dengan konsentrasi berbeda; 0 log CFU/g sebagai kontrol (P1); 3.50 ± 0.24 log CFU/g (P2), dan 7.05 ± 0.11 log CFU/g (P3). Ikan nila dipelihara pada bak plastik selama 45 hari dan diberi pakan komersil dengan dan campuran probiotik tersebut diatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi probiotik berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi 7.05 ± 0.11 log CFU/g (P3) dengan laju pertumbuhan spesifik 3.04 % BW/hari (berat) dan 2.89% BL/hari (panjang). Disamping itu, ikan yang menerima suplementasi probiotik juga menunjukkan nilai rasio konvesrsi pakan yang lebih baik, yakni 1.25±0.03, dibandingkan dengan kontrol (1.33 ±0.03). Namun tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang diberi tambahan probiotik tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (tanpa penambahan probiotik), ~91%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Oleh karenanya, probiotik Lactobacillus plantrarum ini sangat direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan ujicoba pada skala yang lebih besar.
Smart Structural Health Monitoring of Flexible Pavements Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Karballaeezadeh Nader , Mohammadzadeh S. Danial , Moazami Dariush , Nabipour Narjes , Mosavi Amir , Reuter Uwe
Published: April 2020

The construction of different roads, such as freeways, highways, major roads or minor roads must be accompanied by constant monitoring and evaluation of service delivery. Pavements are generally assessed by engineers in terms of the smoothness, surface condition, structural condition and surface safety. Pavement assessment is often conducted using the qualitative indices such as international roughness index (IRI), pavement condition index (PCI), structural condition index (SCI) and skid resistance value (SRV), which are used for smoothness assessment, surface condition assessment, structural condition assessment, and surface safety assessment, respectively. In this paper, Tehran-Qom Freeway in Iran has been selected as the case study and its smoothness and pavement surface conditions are assessed. At 2-km intervals, a 100-meter sample unit is selected in the slow-speed lane (totally, 118 sample units). In these sample units, the PCI is calculated after a visual inspection of the pavement and the recording of distresses. Then, in each sample unit, the average IRI is computed. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for estimating PCI based on IRI. The proposed theory was developed by Random Forest (RF), and Random Forest optimized by Genetic Algorithm (RF-GA) methods and these methods were validated using correlation coefficient (CC), scattered index (SI), and Willmott’s index of agreement (WI) criteria. The proposed method reduces costs, saves time and eliminates the safety risks.
Anticancer Effect of the Five Surfactin Isomers Produced During Cheonggukjang Fermentation by Bacillus Pumilus HY1 Isolated From Korean Traditional Fermented Soy Sauce
Authors: Hong Su Young , Lee Dong Hee , Lee Jin Hwan , Cho Kye Man
Published: April 2020

The cyclic lipopeptide produced from Bacillus pumilus strain HY1 was isolated from Korean soybean sauce. The chemical structures of the surfactin isomers were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The five potential surfactin isoforms were detected with protonated masses of m/z 994.7, 1,008.7, 1022.7, 1036.7, and 1,050.7 and different structures in combination with Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions. ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that the isolated surfactin possessed the precise amino acid sequence LLVDLL and hydroxyl fatty acids with 12 to 16 carbons. The surfactin content during cheonggukjang fermentation increased from 0.3 to 51.2 mg/kg over 60 h of fermentation. The surfactin extraction of cheonggukjang inhibited the growth of two cancer cell lines. The growth of both MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells was strongly inhibited with 100 μg/μL surfactin. These results suggest that surfactins produced from strain HY1 have anticancer properties.
Continuous versus intermittent theta burst stimulation in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a glutamate transporters study
Authors: Ninkovic Milica , Djukic Mirjana , Mancic Bojana , Milosavljevic Petar , Stojanovic Ivana , Ilic Tihomir , Ilic Nela , Stevanovic Ivana
Published: April 2020

Background: Synaptic overload with glutamate aggravates neurotransmission and worsen the progression of the neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats is a well-established animal model to study MS. Glutamate reuptake occurs by glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1), and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) localized predominantly in astrocytes terminals. The focus of the study addressing the expression of these transporters in EAE rats and those subjected to theta burst stimulation (TBS), that promotes long-lasting modulation of neuronal activity in rats/humans. Leading by the reported outcomes of TBS, we examined if TBS underlying mechanisms refer to astroglial glutamate transporters status.Methods : We studied changes in the expression of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in the spinal cord of EAE rats, subjected to intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS) theta burst stimulation. We quantified the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GFAP by immunofluorescence in control and experimental groups of Dark Agouti rats.Results: EAE elevated expression of GFAP, GLAST, and GLT-1. Both TBSs reduced the expression of GFAP. Continual TBS did not interfere with glutamate transporters in EAE rats, while iTBS decreased GLT-1, and increased GLAST.Conclusion: Continual TBS reduced astrogliosis more efficiently than iTBS, in EAE rats. Besides, it did not mitigate the glutamate transporters' expression; thus, glutamate reuptake remained upraised in cTBS exposed EAE rats. Accordingly, we concluded that cTBS might advance the remyelination of damaged neuronal cells in EAE rats. The future clinical trials on the treatment of MS may consider the data of this pre-clinical animal study.
Gua Sha attenuates the pulmonary inflammation in mice infected with PR8 virus by balancing the ratio of Treg/Th17
Authors: Li Yalan , Wang Yongan , Kong Jingwei , Liu Zirui , Ge Dongyu , Dong Ruijuan , Peng Guiying
Published: April 2020

Background: Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese treatment which produces the pressure on the skin, is used to prevent and treat cold for thousands of years. There’re evidences to approve that it can activate immune response and reduce the inflammation. However, how it has the effect on T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) is poorly understood. Here, this study aims at the relationship between the pressure-stoke in the skin and pulmonary Th17 as well as Treg in PR8-infected mice. Methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups. The body weight and survival rates of all groups were monitored through the experiment. At the end of experiment, lung inflammation was detected by HE staining and the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was measured by immunohistochemistry. Th17 and Treg from lung tissues was analyzed by flow cytometry. esults: Our results indicated that the survival rates of prophylactic and therapeutic group respectively showed 20% and 10% though Gua Sha treatment didn’t restore the weight-loss of PR8-infected mice. What’s more important, Gua Sha remarkably inhibited inflammatory infiltration and the expression of MMP-9 of lung tissues in infected mice ( p ＜0.05). Finally, the ratio of Treg/Th17 from lung tissues in PR8-infected mice was significantly increased as compared with control mice while Gua Sha treatment remarkably inhibited this enhancement. All these results indicated that Gua Sha has the efficacy on reducing the pulmonary inflammation in PR8-infected mice possibly via restoring the Treg/Th17 balance. Conclusions: Our findings for the first time suggest that Gua Sha exhibits a significant inhibition of inflammatory infiltration with down-regulation of MMP-9 in lung tissues from RR8-infected mice, which might be associated with the differentiation of Th17 and Treg. Further research will be carried toward how Gua Sha functions on maintaining the homeostasis of Th17 and Treg in the lungs.
Эффективный интерференционный механизм управления проводимостью элементов молекулярной наноэлектроники
Authors: Горбацевич А. А. , Красников Г. Я. , Шубин Н. М.
Published: April 2020

Исследованы структурные модели молекулярных квантовых проводников, транспортные свойства которых могут эффективно управляться за счет интерференционного изменения туннельной прозрачности полем затвора.
Эффективность применения углеродных нанотрубок для упрочнения конструкционных полимеров
Authors: Крестинин А. В.
Published: April 2020

Введен показатель эффективности использования углеродных нанотрубок (УНТ) в нанокомпозите как отношение нагрузки, которую несут нанотрубки при заданной средней деформации матрицы, к максимально возможной нагрузке, которая может быть передана на нанотрубки при этой деформации. Проведен обзор наилучших опубликованных результатов по упрочнению полимеров с оценкой эффективности в них УНТ. Анализ данных, приведенных в литературе, показал, что в полимерах верхняя граница эффективности УНТ достигается, если внутри полимера образуется сетка связанных друг с другом нанотрубок. Такая сетка может формироваться путем интегрирования нанотрубок в полимерную матрицу через ковалентное связывание нанотрубок молекулярными мостиками либо за счет физических зацеплений нанотрубок между собой. В термопластичных кристаллизующихся полимерах верхняя граница эффективности УНТ достигается также за счет увеличения степени кристалличности и улучшения микроструктуры полимера, в том числе с применением ориентационной вытяжки нанокомпозита. Полимерные нанокомпозиты с УНТ можно считать перспективными для практического применения, если эффективность нанотрубок в них близка к верхнему пределу или превышает его.
Металлодиэлектрические наночастицы типа ядро–оболочка
Authors: Селина Н. В.
Published: April 2020

Предложен способ расчета оптических резонансных свойств металлодиэлектрических наночастиц типа ядро–оболочка с произвольным числом слоев в оболочке. Рассчитана формула для частицы с однослойной оболочкой, подтвердившая известный экспериментальный и теоретический результат. Выведена формула, связывающая поляризуемость частицы и ее оптические свойства для конструкции – ядро с двойной оболочкой сферической симметрии.
Анализ добротности вынужденных колебаний дробного линейного осциллятора
Authors: Паровик Р.И.
Published: April 2020

Using the harmonic balance method, analytical formulas are obtained for calculating the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics, as well as the quality factor of the forced oscillations of a linear fractional oscillator. It was established that the characteristics under study depend on the dissipative properties of the medium - memory effects, which are described by derivatives of fractional orders. It is shown that fractional orders affect the attenuation of the oscillatory process and are associated with its quality factor. The calculated curves of the characteristics of the forced oscillations of a linear linear fractional oscillator showed that fractional orders can be considered as control parameters of the oscillatory process in a dissipative medium. Key words: quality factor, amplitude-frequency characteristic, phase-frequency characteristic, fractional derivatives, memory.
Assessment of Patients’ Ability to Review Electronic Health Record Information to Identify Potential Errors: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Freise Lisa , Neves Ana Luisa , Flott Kelsey , Harrison Paul , Kelly John , Darzi Ara , Mayer Erik K
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Sharing personal health information positively impacts quality of care across several domains, and particularly, safety and patient-centeredness. Patients may identify and flag up inconsistencies in their electronic health records (EHRs), leading to improved information quality and patient safety. However, in order to identify potential errors, patients need to be able to understand the information contained in their EHRs.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess patients’ perceptions of their ability to understand the information contained in their EHRs and to analyze the main barriers to their understanding. Additionally, the main types of patient-reported errors were characterized.

METHODS

A cross-sectional web-based survey was undertaken between March 2017 and September 2017. A total of 682 registered users of the Care Information Exchange, a patient portal, with at least one access during the time of the study were invited to complete the survey containing both structured (multiple choice) and unstructured (free text) questions. The survey contained questions on patients’ perceived ability to understand their EHR information and therefore, to identify errors. Free-text questions allowed respondents to expand on the reasoning for their structured responses and provide more detail about their perceptions of EHRs and identifying errors within them. Qualitative data were systematically reviewed by 2 independent researchers using the framework analysis method in order to identify emerging themes.

RESULTS

A total of 210 responses were obtained. The majority of the responses (123/210, 58.6%) reported understanding of the information. The main barriers identified were information-related (medical terminology and knowledge and interpretation of test results) and technology-related (user-friendliness of the portal, information display). Inconsistencies relating to incomplete and incorrect information were reported in 12.4% (26/210) of the responses.

CONCLUSIONS

While the majority of the responses affirmed the understanding of the information contained within the EHRs, both technology and information-based barriers persist. There is a potential to improve the system design to better support opportunities for patients to identify errors. This is with the aim of improving the accuracy, quality, and timeliness of the information held in the EHRs and a mechanism to further engage patients in their health care.
Physical Activity Evaluation Using a Voice Recognition App: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Namba Hideyuki
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Historically, the evaluation of physical activity has involved a variety of methods such as the use of questionnaires, accelerometers, behavior records, and global positioning systems, each according to the purpose of the evaluation. The use of web-based physical activity evaluation systems has been proposed as an easy method for collecting physical activity data. Voice recognition technology not only eliminates the need for questionnaires during physical activity evaluation but also enables users to record their behavior without physically touching electronic devices. The use of a web-based voice recognition system might be an effective way to record physical activity and behavior.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to develop a physical activity evaluation app to record behavior using voice recognition technology and to examine the app’s validity by comparing data obtained using both the app and an accelerometer simultaneously.

METHODS

A total of 20 participants (14 men, 6 women; mean age 19.1 years, SD 0.9) wore a 3-axis accelerometer and inputted behavioral data into their smartphones for a period of 7 days. We developed a behavior-recording system with a voice recognition function using a voice recognition application programming interface. The exercise intensity was determined from the text data obtained by the voice recognition program. The measure of intensity was metabolic equivalents (METs).

RESULTS

From the voice input data of the participants, 601 text-converted data could be confirmed, of which 471 (78.4%) could be automatically converted into behavioral words. In the time-matched analysis, the mean daily METs values measured by the app and the accelerometer were 1.64 (SD 0.20) and 1.63 (SD 0.20), respectively, between which there was no significant difference (P=.57). There was a significant correlation between the average METs obtained from the voice recognition app and the accelerometer in the time-matched analysis (r=0.830, P<.001). In the Bland-Altman plot for METs measured by the voice recognition app as compared with METs measured by accelerometer, the mean difference between the two methods was very small (0.02 METs), with 95% limits of agreement from –0.26 to 0.22 METs between the two methods.

CONCLUSIONS

The average METs value measured by the voice recognition app was consistent with that measured by the 3-axis accelerometer and, thus, the data gathered by the two measurement methods showed a high correlation. The voice recognition method also demonstrated the ability of the system to measure the physical activity of a large number of people at the same time with less burden on the participants. Although there were still issues regarding the improvement of automatic text data classification technology and user input compliance, this research proposes a new method for evaluating physical activity using voice recognition technology.
FORMULATION OF ENTERIC GRANULES CONTAINING GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) EXTRACT USING EUDRAGIT L100-55 AS A DELAYED RELEASE MATRIX
Authors: ANWAR EFFIONORA , SHERMAN JESSICA RAMADHANTY VALENSYA
Published: April 2020

Objective: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits glucose absorption into the blood by inhibiting small intestinal α-glucosidase but is unstable ingastric fluid. Hence, we formulated EGCG into enteric preparations that prevent release in gastric fluid.Methods: Granules were prepared using a wet granulation method and were formulated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-Eudragit L100-55 (5:1; F1),PVP-Eudragit L100-55 (1:1; F2), and Eudragit L100-55 (F3) preparations using 30% w/w Eudragit L100-55 as a matrix. EGCG contents of granuleswere evaluated and dissolution tests were performed at pH 1.2 and 6.8.Results: F1–3 formulas had good flow properties and contained EGCG at 24.05%±0.15%–24.96%±0.28%. Dissolution tests showed that F1 and F2formulas released EGCG at 50.53%±0.04% and 17.80%±0.55%, respectively, after 2 h in HCl medium at pH 1.2. Cumulative drug release from F1 andF2 formulations after 2 h under these conditions (pH 1.2) and 1 h in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was 94.40%±1.58% and 93.70%±1.08%, respectively.Conclusion: As the optimal formula, F3 granules limited drug release to 7.03%±0.22% in HCl at pH 1.2 over 2 h and cumulative drug release in HClmedium (pH 1.2) followed by phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) of 86.13%±0.20%.
ASSOCIATION OF ENAM C2452T POLYMORPHISM WITH HIGH RATES OF CARIES OCCURRENCE IN AN INDONESIAN POPULATION
Authors: NICOLINE NICOLINE , PARTAKUSUMA FATIMAH BOENJAMIN , JOENOES HEDIJANTI , TALBOT CHRISTOPHER , AUERKARI ELZA IBRAHIM
Published: April 2020

Objective: Tooth decay or the caries process is a common dental problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Many risk factors are modifiable,while others are not (e.g., genetic factors). Polymorphism of the enamelin (ENAM) gene, which is required to ensure production of an essentialprotein for enamel development, may pose as a risk factor for the caries process. This study sought to investigate the possibility of ENAM C2452Tpolymorphism acting as a risk factor in the caries process.Methods: The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method was employed to evaluate DNA samples taken from 95subjects with a high caries prevalence and 89 control subjects for ENAM C2452T polymorphism.Results: Based on Chi-squared tests, there were significant genotype and allele distribution differences between the group with a high cariesprevalence and the control group (p=0.005 and p=0.007). Polymorphism in this context may, therefore, serve as a risk factor for caries onset andprogression (OR: 3.62).Conclusion: ENAM C2452T polymorphism is related to the caries process and may constitute a risk factor.
MANAGERIAL COMPETENCIES OF PRINCIPALS AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ISO 9001:2000 IN IMPROVING THE TEACHER WORK DISCIPLINE
Authors: MUBARAK Zaki
Published: April 2020

The study aims to identify, analyze, and test the effect of managerial skills of school principals to teachers’ work discipline, the effect of the implementation of ISO 9001: 2008 to the teacher work disicipline, and the influence of the principal managerial ability to imlementasi policy quality ISO 9001: 2008. The study used survey methods, with path analysis techniques. Population of 156 teachers, sample 112 teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires, scale Likert. The results showed that: 1) There is a direct positive effect managerial skills of school principals to discipline teachers’ work, with the coefficient correlation 0,897, determination of the coefficient of 0,805; 2) There is a direct positive effect of ISO 9001: 2008 to the discipline teacher work, with the coefficient correlation 0,307, determination of the coefficient of 0,095; 3) There is a direct positive effect managerial skills of school principals to ISO 9001: 2008, with the coefficient correlation 0,340, determination of the coefficient of 0,116. In conclusion, the influence of managerial ability of the principal and the implementation of ISO 9001:2008 against disciplined teachers work has a fairly high level of significance.
Development ethnography and the limits of practice: a case study of life stories from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fèvre Sonia
Published: April 2020

Drawing on life story interviews, this paper shows how individuals in Aceh, Indonesia, experienced social and economic changes after the Indian Ocean tsunami, while also continuing to grieve.  It discusses the importance for the anthropologist of managing different identities, such as development worker and ethnographer, in a way that is ethical and appropriate, and considers how an engagement with development can enhance the resources and methodologies available to ethnographers to improve their practice of applied anthropology.  Some of the ethical and practical challenges of working with communities who have experienced trauma are discussed, and insights and methodologies from the fields of oral history and counselling are proposed, which could help anthropologists to use more contextualised and adaptive approaches in their practice.  In particular, issues of informant vulnerability and the importance of training and support are considered for ethnographers working with communities who have experienced trauma.
Podcasts and Proposals: Designing Knowledge Exchange Activities and Identifying User Referees for a Funding Application
Authors: Konopinski Natalie
Published: April 2020

What practical and ethical dilemmas do anthropologists face in the design of knowledge transfer activities for research proposals? Funding councils increasingly view knowledge exchange as an essential component of social science research. Knowledge exchange also entails the forging of reciprocal relations with informants or “users” and the identification of non-academic “user referees” to comment on the applicability and usefulness of the research.  This paper reflects on some of the issues and concerns relating to knowledge exchange that arose during the process of writing a multi-researcher, multi-sited funding application.  It addresses issues surrounding the planning of audiovisual knowledge exchange activities at the proposal stage (such as podcasts, interactive websites, photographs, and art installations), and aims to initiate discussion about the implications of Knowledge Exchange for ethnographic practice.
Teaching English as an International Language (EIL) in Nepal
Authors: Saud Mohan Singh
Published: April 2020

With the rapid growth and widespread use of English worldwide, there has been a paradigm shift from teaching English as foreign language to teaching English as an international language. However, there has been less discussion on English pedagogy about the global spread of English in this era of globalization, with rapid increase of English speakers around the world. The internationalisation of the status of English, leading to the emergence of World Englishes, has led to discuss the issue of teaching English as an international language (TEIL) to visit the way we conceptualise and teach English. As English is no longer a homogeneous language, English teachers across the world have been teaching English according to their own contexts. Considering this scenario, this article discusses teaching and learning of English as an international language in the context of Nepal, taking Kachru’s three concentric circles of English in the global context as the theoretical framework and English as an international language as the conceptual framework, focusing on use of culturally sensitive EIL pedagogy.
The endothelial glycocalyx: research methods and prospects for their use in endothelial dysfunction assessment
Authors: Vlasov T. D. , Lazovskaya O. A. , Shimanski D. A. , Nesterovich I. I. , Shaporova N. L.
Published: April 2020

A modern concept of the endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of many diseases includes the glycocalyx damage along with impaired of the morphology and function of endothelial cells. The glycocalyx is a gel-like submembrane complex of protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-lipid components and plasma molecules forming a three-dimensional network on the luminal surface of the endothelium. The features of the borderline location of endothelial glycocalyx in the vascular system determine various important functions: barrier, regulatory, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, mechanotransduction ones, etc. In recent years, due to the improvement of visualization methods endothelial glycocalyx structure has been detailed. Its physiological functions and the role in the development of some pathological conditions have been clarified. Modern methods of glycocalyx assessment include invasive and non-invasive research techniques. The most promising ones are dark-field microscopy and the determination of glycocalyx-associated biochemical markers. Endothelial glycocalyx damage is a universal pathogenetic component and the earliest marker of the development of most diseases. Therefore, the endothelial glycocalyx assessment refers to promising areas of research. The ability to correlate with other prognostic indicators allows us to consider the endothelial glycocalyx damage as a marker of the poor health prognosis. That is why, assessment of the endothelial glycocalyx condition will allow to personalize treatment and to prevent the diseases progression.
Regional blood flow and microcirculation disorders
Authors: Litvitskiy P. F.
Published: April 2020

The lecture analyzes modern data on the types, etiology, key stages of pathogenesis, manifestations and consequences of typical forms of regional blood flow and microcirculation disorders. The lecturer dwells on typical forms of regional blood flow (in medium vessels): pathological arterial hyperemia, venous hyperemia, ischemia, and stasis. The variants of ischemia associated with increased arterial inflow to tissue or organ are considered as compared to medium-normal inflow. The lecture provides data on typical hemolymph microcirculation disorders, including intravascular, transmural, extravascular disorders, as well as capillary-trophic insufficiency as a final result of one or more microcirculatory disorders. The blood sludge phenomenon is characterized as a pathology of the blood aggregate state, which is either a cause or a consequence of a microhemocirculation disorder. The lecture is recommended for students, medical residents, post-graduate students, and trainees of the system of post-graduate professional education at medical universities.
On the role of private subsidiary farms in rural development and approaches to their support by the State
Authors: Sharipov Sh.I.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article addresses the role of private subsidiary farming in the development of rural areas.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze trends and prospects for private farms and household plots, identify their role and importance in the development of rural areas, and suggest areas for government incentives.
Methods. The study draws on monographic, abstract-logical, statistical, and analytical methods.
Results. The paper revealed that in many regions of the country, private subsidiary farming still plays an important role in food supply, income generation, and rural development. It established close relationship between the state of private farms and household plots and the percentage of rural population in the total population. Despite the fact that about one third of total agricultural output of the country is produced by private subsidiary farms, they are not covered by the State support provided from the Federal budget. I underpin the need for expanded research to identify the potential and develop effective government incentives.
Conclusions. It is crucial to devise a set of systemic measures to promote the growth of private subsidiary farms and include them in government incentive schemes; explore the practice of certain regions regarding the support for these farms through regional budgets. Streamlining procedures for expanding the land utilization for this category of households and creating a system to disseminate knowledge about agricultural technologies focused on private subsidiary farms are extremely important.
Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers
Authors: Shimko O.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.
Avaliação estática postural em pacientes após lesão medular
Authors: Pereira Bastos Naiara Ferreira , Cocolete Vivian Escandola , Nunciato Ana Claudia
Published: April 2020

Aproximadamente 75% dos indivíduos com lesão medular são dependentes e fazem uso permanente da cadeira de rodas para se locomover. A postura estática sentada pode levar a alterações posturais decorrentes da perda ou mesmo do prejuízo de grupamentos musculares importantes para a manutenção da mesma. O objetivo foi avaliar a postura estática sentada de pacientes após lesão medular crônica. Participaram do estudo 5 indivíduos com lesão medular crônica em nível neurológico da cervical (C4-C7) do sexo masculino com idade média de 43±15 anos. Foram obtidos os registros de acordo com o protocolo SAPO (Software de Avaliação Postural) nas vistas anterior, posterior e lateral direita na posição sentada na própria cadeira de rodas do indivíduo. Dos 5 pacientes, 3 apresentaram lesões incompletas (ASIA D) e 3 completas (ASIA A). No SAPO as principais alterações encontradas foram inclinação da cabeça, altura de um dos acrômios, adução de um dos membros inferiores, alinhamento vertical da cabeça e do corpo. Não foi possível observar alterações na vista posterior, visto que a cadeira impediu a visualização dos pontos. O estudo pode concluir que a avaliação postural pode ser realizada durante a reabilitação de pacientes com lesão medular crônica, visto que se faz a necessidade da melhora do posicionamento de alguns pontos anatômicos para cada vista analisada..