bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UM ESTUDO DE CASO: A VITRINE DA SALA DO SARAU
Authors: Moraes Fabiane Rodrigues , Ribeiro Diego Lemos , Puglieri Thiago Seviliano
Published: March 2018

Os artefatos têxteis em estudo apresentam um comprometimento estrutural, estando em péssimo estado de conservação. Esses desgastes foram causados pela falta de ações e planejamento de manutenção e conservação do acervo textil composto de cinco conjuntos de saia e jaqueta, exposto a mais de vinte anos na sala denominada “sarau” no Museu Municipal Parque da Baronesa, Pelotas/RS.Mediante a situação exposta, coube à equipe do museu encontrar uma solução para esses objetos. Mesmo que traga prejuízo à exposição, a provável solução será a retirada e guarda das peças. Planejar a retirada ou a permanência do acervo traz a tona questões de preservação e gestão, pois, como um objeto sob responsabilidade de um museu pode ficar tanto tempo exposto as intempéries? Essas questões são fundamentais para a valorização desse acervo, principalmente por se encontrar em vitrine por tanto tempo e não apresentar histórico próprio, apenas compondo um cenário.
TAPETES DE CIMENTO E PIGMENTO: LADRILHOS HIDRÁULICOS EM PELOTAS
Authors: Domingues Andréa Do Amaral , Santos Carlos Alberto Ávila
Published: March 2018

Apresentamos neste artigo as considerações finais e/ou resultados obtidos através de análises formais descritivas do objeto de pesquisa: ladrilhos hidráulicos. Exemplares integrados os prédios tombados na cidade de Pelotas, edificações preservadas e reconhecidas pela comunidade local como patrimônio cultural. A metodologia utilizada no levantamento embasou-se na conceituação de Castriota, 2009, associadas ao conceito de inventário científico elaborado por Nakamuta, 2006. Relacionamos a forma de produção dessas peças ornamentais usadas no interior das edificações com o conceito de - bem cultural imaterial - visto que se mantém sem alterações desde 1914. Sua manufatura é transmitida aos artesãos aprendizes de maneira oral e empírica, no dia a dia da produção nas duas fábricas remanescentes. Dos vinte e quatro tombamentos de Pelotas, apenas quatorze foram estudados. Enfim, mostramos exemplos dos artefatos e dos estilos que se salientaram na investigação realizada.
DESDOBRAMENTOS DE AFRODITE
Authors: Gonçalves Mirna Xavier , Dos Santos Lauer Alves Nunes
Published: March 2018

A figura feminina sempre habitou a história da arte desde seus primórdios e dentre todas as mulheres retratadas houve deusas como Afrodite, divindade grega que regia o amor, a paixão, a beleza. Na pintura e na escultura, a imagem da deusa foi concebida por nomes como Botticelli, Ticiano, Bouguereau, Jacques Louis-David, e diversos outros que retratavam a deidade como uma mulher esguia, clara, de cabelos longos, jovem e nua. Além disso, a figura feminina da deusa é acompanhada de diversos outros símbolos que demonstram certos títulos relacionados a ela. O presente trabalho busca investigar quais seriam estes símbolos, como seria a representação canônica de Afrodite, como ela seria representada nas mídias atuais e o que caracterizaria a deusa nestas mídias. Através da análise iconográfica, iconológica e semiótica será possível realizar um estudo do que compõe necessariamente uma imagem de Afrodite.
O RELÓGIO URBANO: A VIDA REGRADA PELO TEMPO DA FÁBRICA
Authors: Bolzan Greyci Backes , Mörschbãcher Larissa , Montagna Aline Vieira , De Oliveira Ana Lúcia Costa
Published: March 2018

O trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre as utopias do final do século XIX e início do século XX (BENEVOLO 1989, 2001; CHOAY, 2002), buscando compreender, dentro das propostas do urbanismo progressista, ideias que possam ter repercutido no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nessa perspectiva, debruça-se sobre as vilas operárias e equipamentos urbanos construídos no Complexo Rheingantz, na cidade de Rio Grande. A implantação tipológica do conjunto arquitetônico e a linguagem das vilas operárias permitem ler, no conjunto edificado, a estratificação social da fábrica, o caráter assistencialista dos equipamentos propostos (escola, jardim de infância, armazém e enfermaria) e os mecanismos implícitos de dominação e controle, entre eles a presença do relógio urbano, regrando a vida pelo tempo da fábrica. A integridade do conjunto e a sua importância justificaram o tombamento do Complexo Rheingantz pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (IPHAE) em 2013.
The Effect of Pyramidal Ownership Structure to the Financing Policies and Firm Value in Indonesia: Cronyman as Moderating Variable
Authors: Budiyanti Hety , Husnan Suad , Hanafi Mamduh
Published: March 2018

The research to examine the effects of ownership structures on financing policies and firm valuation. The populations are all listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period of 2013 and 2015. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling and resulting in a final sample of 72 listed firms. Empirical tests are conducted using multiple regressions and two stages least squares regression to test the simultaneous relationship between ownership structure, financing policies and firm value. The estimated results provide support for the hypotheses proposed that the separation of cash flow rights and control rights have led the use of excess leverage among pyramidal companies to preserve ultimate owner’s control. However, we failed to find a significant relationship between firm’s leverage and firm’s value. The conclusion is the simultaneounity relation between ownership structure, leverage and firm value appear that only the ownership structure significantly related with leverage and firm value. Also firm value and leverage ownership impact the ownership structure. Meanwhile, leverage does not appear to have a significant relation with the firm value, or the other way around.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia Performing a Switching Auditor
Authors: Winata Atika Sukma , Anisykurlillah Indah
Published: March 2018

This study aims at analyzing the influence of the Public Accountant Firms Size, Size of Company, Financial Distress, Audit Opinion and Management Turnover toward Auditor Switching. The population of this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2015 consisting of 134 companies. The sample was obtained by purposive sampling technique which resulted in the sample of 26 companies. Methods of data analysis using logistic regression and SPSS 21 using data and other information obtained from Annual Report. Results of this study shows that the Public Accountant Firms Size and Management Turnover have significant impact toward auditor switching, size of company have influence auditor switching. Financial distress and audit opinion did not effect auditor switching significantly. The value of Nagelkerke R Square is 0.283. conclusions of this study is the Public Accountant Firms Size and Management Turnover have significant impact toward auditor switching, size of company have influence auditor switching. Financial distress and audit opinion did not effect auditor switching significantly.
Utility of multimodality cardiac imaging in disorders of the pericardium
Authors: Xu Bo , Harb Serge C. , Klein Allan L.
Published: March 2018

Disorders of the pericardium represent a diverse range of conditions that traditionally may not have received the same level of attention by cardiologists and physicians, owing partly to a lack of research into advanced diagnostic modalities, and limited, evidencebased treatment options. In recent years, there has been a timely resurgence of interest in pericardial diseases, in particular pericarditis. This is attributable to advances in multimodality cardiovascular imaging, in particular cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which may help guide treatment decisions for patients with pericardial syndromes. Additionally, increased research and understanding of the pathophysiological basis of pericarditis have shed light on the role of inflammation in pericarditis. This knowledge may help identify potential specific treatment targets. This article aims to provide a practical review of the role of multimodality cardiovascular imaging (echocardiography, multidetector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT), CMR) in pericardial conditions, focusing on the strengths and potential limitations of each imaging modality.
SULFATION PATHWAYS: Potential benefits of a sulfated resveratrol derivative for topical application
Authors: Correia-da-Silva Marta , Rocha Verónica , Marques Cláudia , Deus Cláudia M , Marques-Carvalho Adriana , Oliveira Paulo J , Palmeira Andreia , Pinto Madalena , Sousa Emília , Sousa Lobo José Manuel , Almeida Isabel Filipa
Published: March 2018

Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties partly associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-activation in the skin. However, poor water solubility may limit RSV efficacy. This work aimed to clarify the interest of a new synthetic water-soluble RSV derivative (resveratrol glucoside sulfate, RSV-GS) for topical application. Resveratrol glucoside sulfate was synthesized using microwave-assisted sulfation. Cytotoxicity assays were performed with the keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, using MTT reduction, neutral red uptake, Alamar Blue/resazurin reduction, trypan blue exclusion and measurement of ATP concentration. Western blotting was used to evaluate SIRT1 protein content. Regarding SIRT1 binding, anin silicodocking study was performed, using AutoDock Vina. Our results showed that the synthetic derivative RSV-GS was 1000 times more soluble in water than RSV and its non-sulfated glucoside. No relevant decrease in HaCaT cell viability was observed for concentrations up to 5 mM for RSV-GS, and up to 500 μM for resveratrol glucoside, while a significant decrease in HaCaT viability occurred from 100 μM for RSV. RSV-GS and RSV showed a similar behavior regarding protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. SIRT1 protein content increased after treatment with 500 μM of RSV-GS and 100 μM of RSV. Moreover,in silicostudies predicted that RSV-GS binds more stably to SIRT1 with a lower binding free energy than RSV. Although these results support the possible use of RSV-GS in topical formulations,in vivosafety and efficacy studies are needed before considering the use of RSV-GS in commercial products.
A Bayesian Genomic Regression Model with Skew Normal Random Errors
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Acosta-Pech Rocío , Pérez-Elizalde Sergio , Cruz Ciro Velasco , Espinosa Javier Suárez , Crossa José
Published: March 2018

Genomic selection (GS) has become a tool for selecting candidates in plant and animal breeding programs. In the case of quantitative traits, it is common to assume that the distribution of the response variable can be approximated by a normal distribution. However, it is known that the selection process leads to skewed distributions. There is vast statistical literature on skewed distributions, but the skew normal distribution is of particular interest in this research. This distribution includes a third parameter that drives the skewness, so that it generalizes the normal distribution. We propose an extension of the Bayesian whole-genome regression to skew normal distribution data in the context of GS applications, where usually the number of predictors vastly exceeds the sample size. However, it can also be applied when the number of predictors is smaller than the sample size. We used a stochastic representation of a skew normal random variable, which allows the implementation of standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to efficiently fit the proposed model. The predictive ability and goodness of fit of the proposed model were evaluated using simulated and real data, and the results were compared to those obtained by the Bayesian Ridge Regression model. Results indicate that the proposed model has a better fit and is as good as the conventional Bayesian Ridge Regression model for prediction, based on the DIC criterion and cross-validation, respectively. A computing program coded in the R statistical package and C programming language to fit the proposed model is available as supplementary material.
Краткий экскурс в раннюю историю изучения паремии как объекта этнолингвистики
Authors: Штейнгольд Анжелика
Published: March 2018

Как хорошо известно, пословицы и поговорки (в более общем смысле т. наз. паремии) являются не только художественными миниатюрами — анонимными произведениями устного народного творчества, употребление которых в речи диктуется потребностью в точности и выразительности, но также неписаным сводом этических норм и правил. Их назидательность и дидактичность во многом предопределяет существование особой “паремической” логики, на языковом уровне выражающейся в присущей пословицам и поговоркам специфической синтаксической оформленности. На поверхности лежит их семантическая многлоплановость, о чем в свое время писали А. Дандис [1978], А. Крикманн [1978; 1984], Ю.И. Левин [1984], Г.Л. Пермяков [1988] и др....Anzhelika ShteingoldOn the Early History of Proverb Studies (Proverb as an Object of Ethnolinguistics)It is often not clear what exactly is meant by certain words and constructions in a proverb, even though its actual (metaphorical) sense is understood. The origins of some historical proverbs might be grasped only by employing the data of cultural anthropology. In the present article a short overview of early proverb studies in Russia is given. In the nineteenth century and in the early part of the twentieth century there were many scholars in Russia who dealt with proverbs. For instance, I. Snegiryov, V. Dahl, F. Buslaev, A. Afanasyev, A. Potebnya, S. Maksimov. During the 1930’s this tradition was continued in the scientific papers of the academician J. Sokolov. Despite their methods of proverb studies not being contemporary, these researchers gave examples of etymology that would later receive support and approval from the scholars of our time.Keywords: Russian proverbs, ethnolinguistics, etymology, history of proverb studies.
Научный журнал Slavistica Vilnensis: концепция проф. В. Н. Чекмонаса и ее реализация (1995–2016)
Authors: Коницкая Елена
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

This article presents the shaping of the concept of the international scientific review dedicated to Slavonic studies. This conception has been formed by professor Valery Chekmonas during the difficult period of independence restoration in Lithuania. For the first time, the concept was presented in the academic journal Kalbotyra (Linguistics) (2), which had been examining questions of Russian and Slavonic linguistics. This article shortly illustrates the origins of the scientific journal Slavistica Vilnensis. Its activities, when the executive editor of the review was V. Chekmonas, is widely examined. The further work of this academic journal (in years 2005–2016) is also publicized. The last period is presented as the phase of maintaining and developing the foundations that have been laid in 1995 and appeared as a coherent concept in 1997. This particular view enabled Slavistica Vilnensis to become an independent academic journal, incorporated into national and international databases, and occupy its rightful place amongst international Slavistic journals.
Co wiemy o najstarszym datowanym rękopisie Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego? (Kitab z 1631 r. — transliteracja, ortografia, przekład, komentarze)
Authors: Kulwicka - Kamińska Joanna , Łapicz Czesław
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Polish; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

The Kitab of 1631 is an object of understandable interest for researchers, because this manuscript must have been one of the first links in the chain of manuscript copies of religious books of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). Unfortunately, soon after the manuscript was discovered, it disappeared along with the microfilm which was made by its first researchers. There are faint traces of the comprehensive monument (342 sheets) in the form of a brief description (the so-called imprint) in an unpublished manuscript and a reproduction of a sample page in an article of one of those who discovered the manuscript – Maciej Konopacki. Last year in autumn, the perusal of a collection of Tatariana from the collections of the Historical Museum of Białystok brought to light four frames of photographic film that present four heretofore unknown pages of the Kitab of 1631. This furnishes an opportunity to enhance our knowledge about this valuable monument. This article includes a copy of one of the manuscript pages along with its transliteration in a strictly scholarly version as well as a translation from Old Belarusian into Polish. The text is accompanied by a historical and philological commentary.
Слова и дела, которые всегда будут отзываться (памяти Валерия Николаевича Чекмонаса)
Authors: Костючук Лариса Яковлевна Яковлевна
Published: March 2018

[full article in Russian]
Rapid in-house detection method of Campylobacter spp. from food by redox potential monitoring combined with real-time PCR
Authors: Erdősi Orsolya , Szakmár Katalin , Szili Zsuzsanna , Szita Géza , Bernáth Sándor , Sövényi József , Laczay Péter
Published: March 2018

The rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. is of utmost importance for the reduction of infections in humans by contaminated food products. The standard culturing method (ISO 10272-1:2006) involves a high time and labour demand. In this paper, we present a method that reduces the detection time of Campylobacter spp. to or below one third as compared to the ISO method, at a reduced cost per test. We used redox potential change of enrichment cultures (Bolton broth with Bolton selective supplement) for reliably selecting Campylobacter-contaminated raw milk and broiler meat samples. Identification of Campylobacter spp. in the contaminated samples was done by real-time PCR method. Culturing time to conclusive redox monitoring varied between 6 and 24 h for positive samples, depending on the contamination rate, in contrast to 136 h with the standard culturing process. However, now the Campylobacter-negative majority of food samples will not need to be tested by real-time PCR because redox potential monitoring can identify them in the selective enrichment phase. This method could be potentially used as a faster alternative to the current standard ISO 10272-1:2006, for nonregulatory monitoring purposes.
Characterisation of a multiresistant Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from cattle
Authors: Ujvári Barbara , Makrai László , Magyar Tibor
Published: March 2018

The emergence of simultaneous resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics presents an increasing threat. Plasmid-borne multiresistance and integrative conjugative elements have been reported in Pasteurella multocida. We report an alternative strategy for the development of multiresistance observed in a P. multocida strain (Pm238) isolated from calf pneumonia. We identified genes integrated into the chromosomal DNA without known integrative and conjugative elements. These genes conferred resistance to streptomycin (strA), tetracycline (tetB), chloramphenicol (catAIII), and sulphonamides (sulII). We also detected mutation in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions of parC. No plasmids could be isolated from strain Pm238. These results suggest that P. multocida can accumulate multiple resistance determinants on the chromosome as single genes.
Coronavirus infection retards the development of the cortico-medullary capillary network in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken
Authors: Farsang Attila , Bódi Ildikó , Fölker Orsolya , Minkó Krisztina , Benyeda Zsófia , Bálint Ádám , Kiss Anna L. , Oláh Imre
Published: March 2018

Coronavirus infection delays the development of the cortico-medullary (CM) capillary network which results in retarded development of bursal follicles. The smaller size of the medulla in the coronavirus-infected birds may lead to a lower number of B lymphocytes and bursal secretory dendritic cells, which negatively affects the reactivity and efficacy of the immune system. Contrary to the wild-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain, infection induced by H120 vaccine virus exerts only a moderate influence on caveolin-1 expression of the CM capillary web and on follicular development compared to the untreated controls.
Monitoring minimal residual disease in canine lymphomas treated with modified L-COP or L-CHOP protocols
Authors: Sirivisoot Sirintra , Teewasutrakul Patharakrit , Techangamsuwan Somporn , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Rungsipipat Anudep
Published: March 2018

Heteroduplex polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements (hPARR) was developed to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in canine B- and T-cell lymphomas treated with the modified L-COP or L-CHOP protocol. Thirty-five dogs were recruited in this study and their neoplastic lineages were determined by immunophenotyping with Pax5 and CD3. Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected prior to and during chemotherapy in weeks 4, 9 and 13 to detect MRD by hPARR. Twenty-eight dogs (80%) had B-cell lymphoma while seven dogs (20%) had T-cell lymphoma. A monoclonal band was detected in 11 cases that showed complete or partial remission before tumour relapse and no response to the current treatment without statistical difference in clinical outcomes; however, the treatment response had an association with the MRD result (P < 0.05). Modified L-CHOP prolonged median progression-free survival as compared to modified L-COP (215 days vs. 93 days; P < 0.05). Substage b had shorter progression-free survival than substage a (90 days vs. 215 days; P < 0.05). Clinical stage III affected median overall survival time when compared to clinical stages IV and V (432, 173 and 118 days, respectively; P < 0.05). hPARR could be used for screening refractory lymphoma together with lymph node measurement in routine clinical cases.
Helminths of European smelt Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Lake Hańcza and the Vistula Lagoon, with special regard to their zoonotic threats
Authors: Dziekońska-Rynko Janina , Mierzejewska Katarzyna , Kubiak Katarzyna , Rydzewska Martyna , Hliwa Piotr
Published: March 2018

Reports published in recent years on the increased risk in the Baltic Sea of fish infection with larvae of nematodes potentially pathogenic to humans have prompted a study of European smelt Osmerus eperlanus with respect to the presence of these parasites in the Vistula Lagoon. Additionally, samples of this fish from Lake Hańcza were comparatively considered. The body cavity, the surface of internal organs, the alimentary tract and the swimbladder of fish from two environmentally different water bodies were taken into account in the analysis. Only the tapeworm Proteocephalus longicollis was found in the alimentary tract of the fish from Lake Hańcza. Depending on the period of study, the prevalence ranged from 60% to 100%, and the mean intensity from 11.5 to 42.0. The helminth fauna of smelt from the Vistula Lagoon was more diverse: Cystidicola farionis occurred with a prevalence from 25.9 to 75.0% and a mean intensity of infection from 2.7 to 66.0%, Proteocephalus longicollis and cystacanths of Corynosoma with a prevalence ranging in different years from 12.0 to 44.0% and from 14.8 to 50.0%, respectively. Zoonotic parasites, such as nematode larvae of the Anisakidae family (Contracaecum sp., Anisakis simplex), occurred in the intestine with a prevalence of 31%, 72% and 22% in consecutive years of the study.
Analyses of separate and concatenated cox1 and 18S rRNA gene sequences indicate that the bat piroplasm Babesia vesperuginis is phylogenetically close to Cytauxzoon felis and the ‘prototheilerid’ Babesia conradae
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Corduneanu Alexandra , Kontschán Jenő , Bekő Katinka , Szőke Krisztina , Görföl Tamás , Gyuranecz Miklós , Sándor Attila D.
Published: March 2018

Babesia vesperuginis is the only piroplasm known to infect bats. Unlike most members of the genus Babesia, it is probably transmitted by a soft tick species (i.e. Argas vespertilionis). Recently, two studies have been conducted to clarify the phylogenetic status of this species, and both agreed on placing it into a basal position among Babesia sensu stricto (s.s.). However, several important groups of piroplasms were not included in the already reported phylogenetic trees of B. vesperuginis isolates. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to amplify an approx. 950-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of B. vesperuginis from A. vespertilionis specimens, and to compare its sequences with those from other piroplasmid groups in a broader phylogenetic context. Sequence comparisons focusing on either 18S rRNA or cox1 genes, as well as phylogenetic analyses involving separate and concatenated 18S rRNA and cox1 sequences indicate that B. vesperuginis is more closely related to the phylogenetic group of Theileriidae than to Babesia s.s. In particular, B. vesperuginis clustered closest to Cytauxzoon felis and the ‘prototheilerid’ B. conradae. The results of this study highlight that B. vesperuginis is a unique and taxonomically important species, which should be included in future studies aimed at resolving the comprehensive phylogeny of Piroplasmida.
Association of amniotic uric acid, glucose, lactate and creatinine concentrations and lactate/creatinine ratio with newborn survival in small-sized dogs – preliminary results
Authors: Bolis Barbara , Scarpa Paola , Rota Alessandro , Vitiello Tiziana , Veronesi Maria Cristina
Published: March 2018

In order to define the normal composition of canine amniotic fluid and to detect differences between surviving and non-surviving newborn puppies, the present study determined the uric acid, glucose, lactate and creatinine concentrations and the lactate to creatinine ratio in amniotic fluids collected during elective Caesarean section from small-sized purebred bitches. The possible relationship between newborn survival and the studied parameters, as well as the effects of maternal parity, fetal gender and Apgar score were assessed. The study enrolled 27 small-sized purebred bitches submitted to elective Caesarean section at term. After opening the fetal membranes, amniotic fluid samples were collected aseptically from the amniotic sac of each fetus. The data obtained from 74 amniotic fluid samples collected from 27 bitches showed that amniotic glucose concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in non-surviving than in surviving puppies. Within the normal, surviving puppies, amniotic glucose concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in male than in female newborns, and the lactate/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in multiparous than in primiparous bitches (P < 0.05). These preliminary results demonstrate the relevance of amniotic glucose, but not of uric acid, lactate, creatinine and the lactate to creatinine ratio for detecting puppies at risk of death immediately after birth.
Morphosyntactic variation: Individual grammar and group grammar in the ‘de-dialectalization’ of Italian
Authors: Cerruti Massimo
Published: March 2018

This paper draws upon the results of recent sociolinguistic studies on regional varieties of Italian and aims to provide a general overview of the differences between and within socially defined groups with respect to the use of regional morphosyntactic features. In this respect, a distinction is made between the following cases: (i) similar sociolects, similar idiolects; (ii) different sociolects, similar idiolects; and (iii) same sociolect, different idiolects. These three cases are discussed against the backdrop of the progressive loss of regional morphosyntactic features of Italian across generations, a process which is referred to here as the ‘de-dialectalization’ of Italian. Various phenomena are considered; among others, the use of personal pronouns conveying a reflexive meaning, the distribution of simple past and compound past, the lack of subject-verb agreement in existential plural constructions, the so-called doubly filled complementizer, and the presence of direct object marking.
Mesures de l’apprentissage et variables contextuelles [Measures of learning and contextual variables]
Authors: Sobrero Alberto A.
Published: March 2018

The first part explains learning measurement techniques that are used in Italy for the evaluation of the system. The task is entrusted to the INVALSI (Istituto Nazionale per la VALutazione del Sistema educativo di Istruzione e di formazione – National Institute for the evaluation of the educational system of education and the training) and it is carried out each year by the census of detection of the entire school population through standardized tests by which we measure the skills acquired by students in the understanding of a text, in the reflection on language and mathematics. Questionnaires completed by students also include useful questions to rebuild some of the contextual variables that might influence the performance of students. In the second part used classic tools of correlational sociolinguistics to relate the values of social indicators considered with the scores obtained by students in different areas of grammatical competence and in various aspects of reading skills. This is done by different areas and aspects, and the social variables considered either individually or collectively. The discussion of the results obtained will be made case by case, at the presentation of the data, while in the conclusions we will discuss the use of the results to improve teaching.
System-oriented and speaker-oriented approaches in Italian sociolinguistics
Authors: Berruto Gaetano
Published: March 2018

Two main approaches can be said to characterize sociolinguistic research in Italy since its beginning in the Sixties. One approach is more system-oriented and is mostly inspired by the qualitative variational (socio)linguistics in the poststructuralistic vein of the work of E. Coseriu (Labovian quantitative sociolinguistics is somewhat underrepresented in Italian sociolinguistics). The other approach, largely followed since the Nineties, is speaker-oriented, and has its basis mainly in the perspective of interpretive sociolinguistics. This paper aims at drawing a critical state of the art, discussing, in the light of the basic distinction above, the methods and findings of significant research done on some selected topics characterizing the manifold sociolinguistic situation of Italy, as for instance the contact between Italian and Italo-Romance dialects (the dialects being not locally spoken varieties of Italian, but ‘primary dialects’ in the sense expressed by Coseriu), their distribution in use, the standardisation of the national language, and related phenomena. In a first section we deal with the general theoretical issue about the relationship between the speaker and the linguistic system, and an outline of the differences between a system-oriented and a speaker-oriented approach in linguistics is tentatively sketched out. In a second step the most interesting results of some recent Italian works on different topics in a system-oriented perspective will be pointed out; the same will be made with a choice of recent Italian works developed in a speaker-oriented perspective. As a conclusion, we argue that a better or more adequate way to carry out sociolinguistic research is a cooperation between the two perspectives: due to the nature of language and language behavior, there is no real reason indeed to oppose a speaker-oriented approach to a system-oriented one, or vice versa.
Native speaker–non-native speaker interaction: More than one type of accommodation
Authors: Boario Anna
Published: March 2018

The leading studies in sociolinguistics and conversation analysis regarding the accommodation theory in an Italian context (Grassi, 2007; Orletti, 2000; Vietti, 2008) provided the source and inspiration for this study. Two fieldwork studies will be discussed, in which the two opposing purposes – convergence or divergence – that accommodation strategies can be used for, are clearly apparent. All data is in Italian and was taken from a corpus of spontaneous conversations between native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS), observed and recorded in the urban context of the city of Turin. This represents a typical case of interethnic communication, one where issues of multilingualism and multiculturalism come to the fore. Two contexts in particular will be examined: a formal one in which NS adults interact with NNS adults at a railway station information desk, and an informal one where NNS adolescents converse with both NNS adolescents and NS adults. In the latter, the accommodation strategies will primarily be related to phonetic segments with strong symbolic value; whereas in the former, multiple accommodation strategies are used, among which most frequently the management of the linguistic code and the use of prosodic aspects.
"Kuno" dan "Kini" dalam Pemikiran (Hukum) Islam
Authors: Hilmy Masdar
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Artikel ini berusaha membahas pergulatan eksistensial yang dialami oleh hampir setiap ummat beragama dalam mengidentifikasi apa yang diyakini sebagai sebuah “otentisitas” keberagamaan. Pergulatan ini biasanya berangkat dari proses mengenali yang “asali”, sesuatu yang pertama kali muncul dan dianggap sebagai sebuah gambar ideal dalam perilaku keberagamaan. Namun proses pengenalan semacam ini menjadi sebuah dinamika yang tidak mudah, mengingat proses semacam ini selalu melibatkan dialektika relasi segitiga antara pembaca, obyek yang dibaca, dan konteks pembacaan yang selalu berubah. Selain itu, proses kognisi individual yang beraneka ragam semakin memperumit proses artikulasi keberagamaan yang ada.Kata Kunci: Pemikiran Islam, liberatif, sejarah
Mekanisme Suara Terbanyak Bagi Pemilu Legislatif (Studi Siyasah Dusturiyah)
Authors: Muhakki Muhakki
Published: March 2018

Abstrak; Studi ini ingin menjawab tiga permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana pertimbangan yuridis dalam suara terbanyak?; Kedua, bagaimana implikasi yuridis suara terbanyak dalam Pemilu 2009?; Ketiga, bagaimana pandangan siyasah dusturiyah tentang mekanisme suara terbanyak?. Metode yang digunakan adalah pure legal, tipe yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan teori siyasah dusturiyah. Hasil temuan: Pertama, bahwa mekanisme nomor urut bertentangan dengan norma-norma atau dengan makna substantif kedaulatan dan persamaan hak bagi rakyat yang terkandung dalam UUD 1945, yang juga dibenarkan oleh prinsip-prinsip Syariat Islam; Kedua, mekanisme suara terbanyak dapat membatalkan sistem nomor urut (Pasal 214 UU 10/2008), suara terbanyak juga berpotensi memutus mata rantai oligarki, jual beli nomor urut dalam tubuh partai politik, membuka ruang ekspresi politik bagi warga negara, dan mendorong terjadinya pola hubungan timbal balik antara anggota legislatif dengan konstituenya, serta dapat meningkatkan kualitas keterwakilan anggota parlemen; Ketiga, mekanisme suara terbanyak memiliki efek positif yang lebih luas bukan orang perorangan ataupun kelompok, dan lebih mendekatkan pada Maslahah al-‘Ammah, serta relevan atau lebih sesuai dengan tujuan syariat dengan mewujudkan Hifd al-ummah dalam kategori Hifd al-Nafs yaitu, hurriyah al-syahsiyah berupa hurriyah al-ra‘y dan al-Musyawah, yaitu persamaan hak di muka hukum dan pemerintahan.Kata Kunci: Siyasah dusturiyah, Mekanisme suara terbanyak, Pemilu Legislatif 2009.
Menggagas Fikih Anti Korupsi
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Sepanjang perjalanan sejarah bangsa Indonesia, korupsi bagi sebagian orang telah menjelma menjadi jalan pintas   untuk meraup harta yang bukan haknya sebanyak-banyaknya. Tetapi, sejarah bangsa ini juga mencatat bahwa semangat melawan korupsi tidak pernah mati. Korupsi selalu diposisikan sebagai public enemy dan menjadi kejahatan yang paling menakutkan mengalahkan kejahatan-kejahatan lainnya. Dilihat dari dampak  yang diakibatkan,  kejahatan yang bernama korupsi mempunyai dampak yang sistemis dibanding kejahatan lainnya. Islam diyakini mempunyai solusi mengatasi penyakit social ini. Islam menyebut korupsi sebagai sebuah jarimah, kejahatan yang pelakunya harus dikenai hukuman di dunia, di samping balasan kelak di akhirat. Kejahatan korupsi dikategorikan sebagai al-khiyanah yang berarti penyelewengan terhadap kepercayaan. Penyelewengan yang tentu saja immoral dan mencederai kemanusiaan.Kata Kunci: Fikih, korupsi, public enemy, jarimah, penyakit sosial
Kilas Balik Khitah NU dalam Konteks Politik Lokal di Jombang
Authors: Sukamto Sukamto
Published: March 2018

Abstrak; Membahas tentang elite NU dalam konteks politik lokal di Jombang, tulisan ini mengawalinya dengan peristiwa muktamar NU 1984 di Situbondo, yang menghasilkan konsep khitah NU 1926. Muktamar NU itu mempunyai pengaruh lebih lanjut dengan timbulnya peristiwa politik di tingkat lokal Jombang. Peran elite politik lokal menjadi sumber lahirnya dinamika politik di tingkat lokal. Dikatakan politik lokal karena aktivitas politiknya terjadi di daerah, dan untuk bahasan ini mengambil sampel di wilayah Jombang. Para pelaku politik lokal, biasanya tinggal di daerah atau mempunyai akses kekuasaan dengan daerah tersebut yang terdiri atas tokoh masyarakat dan agama yang memimpin pondok pesantren, organisasi sosial keagamaan dan tarekat. Mereka mempunyai pengaruh di masyarakat dan terlibat dalam kegiatan politik di daerah Jombang. Elite NU di Jombang didominasi oleh pimpinan pesantren dan komunitas santri, serta tokoh agama yang mengambil peran di organisasi NU. Kajian ini bermaksud mencermati pengaruh hasil muktamar Situbondo dalam konteks politik lokal, dimana elite politik NU Jombang memiliki perbedaan pandangan dalam mengartikan kebijakan khitah NU. Dampak dari persepsi yang berbeda ini melahirkan sikap dan perilaku politik yang berbeda diantara para elite politik yang duduk di kepengurusan NU Jombang. Sebagian besar elite NU berasal dari kalangan pimpinan pesantren dan tarekat, maka perbedaan itu juga lebih lanjut mempengaruhi hubungan antar elite-elite di pesantren. Politik NU pasca muktamar Situbondo menyisakan banyak pekerjaan bagi warga NU dan pesantren di daerah Jombang, paling tidak implementasinya menimbulkan sikap pro dan kontra, yang akhirnya terjadi friksi di tubuh NU Jombang dan renggangnya hubungan antar elite pesantren atau tarekat. Kata Kunci : Elit NU, Khittah, Politik Lokal
Tinjauan Syari'ah Terhadap Hukum Pidana Mati
Authors: HM Sahid
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Hukum pidana mati secara konsepsional dan operasional masih terjadi polemik dan selalu menjadi perbincangan di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Kalangan yang kontra menganggap, hukuman mati tidak manusiawi dan bukan merupakan hukuman yang akan memperbaiki tingkah laku seseorang. Bagi kalangan yang pro, alasan-alasan itu tidak diterima. Menurut mereka, ketidakmanusiawian itu tidak dapat dilihat dari sudut kepentingan seseorang yang terkena hukuman. Kepentingan si korban, para anggota keluarga, dan masyarakat dapat dijadikan acuan dan pegangan sebagai pertimbangan. Kajian ini membahas tentang tinjauan syari‘ah terhadap hukum pidana mati dalam perspektif keadilan dan kemanusian.  Menurut syari‘ah, hukum pidana Islam adalah hukum yang setimpal; orang yang membunuh, dia harus dibunuh kecuali jika pihak keluarga terbunuh memberikan pengampunan atau meminta ganti rugi. Selain itu, hukuman itu dapat dilihat dari segi kemaslahatan secara totalitas, bukan kemaslahatan secara parsial. Oleh karena itu, hukum pidana mati pada hakikatnya untuk menjaga hak hidup orang lain demi keadilan dan melesatrikan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Dalam pemeriksaan dan pemutusan perkara, hukum pidana mati diterapkan secara fleksibel, transparan, dan manusiawi. Dalam hal ini, hakim melibatkan pihak keluarga korban dengan menanyakan pada pihak keluarga korban tentang kerelaannya untuk memberikan maaf kepada terdakwa.Kata Kunci: Syari‘ah, Hukum Pidana Mati, Keadilan, dan Kemanusiaan
Kiai NU dalam Paradigman Politik Kebangsaan
Authors: Moesa Ali Maschan
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Dalam kaitannya dengan wawasan kebangsaan, pemikiran politik NU selalu memadukan antara nilai kebangsaan dengan nilai keagamaan (Islam). Perpaduan antara keduanya didasarkan pada landasan hukum Islam yang memberikan pedoman bahwa Islam tidak mengenal pemisahan agama dari politik. Menurut Gus Dur, hubungan antara agama dan negara harus terjalin secara proporsional. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar proses berfikir kaum muslimin tidak mengganggu perkembangan negara yang sedang merintis dan membangun tatanan negara yang mantap dan berfungsi untuk jangka panjang. Sikap politik tersebut merupakan perwujudan dan perpaduan antara wawasan keagamaan dengan wawasan kebangsaan. Berdasarkan sikap politik kemasyarakatan tersebut dan sesuai dengan budaya politik Indonesia, pemikiran politik NU selalu terbingkai pada sikap selektif, akomodatif, dan integratif dengan tetap memegang teguh nilai dan prinsip dasar yang telah ditetapkan. Sikap demikian diterapkan oleh NU dalam menjawab setiap permasalahan baru yang muncul dan mencarikan pemecahannya tanpa menimbulkan gejolak.Kata Kunci: Kiai, Kebangsaan, NU, Politik
Penerapan Syari'at Islam di Mesir
Authors: Musyafa’ah Nur Lailatul
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Makalah ini memaparkan tentang penerapan syariat Islam dalam sejarah pemerintahan Islam di Mesir, yaitu dari awal masuknya Islam di Mesir hingga masa modern. Islam masuk ke Mesir pada masa khalifah Umar ibn al-Khattab. Semenjak Islam datang, penerapan syariat Islam berlaku di Mesir dengan  bentuk syariat yang disesuaikan pada dinasti yang berkuasa ketika itu, di antaranya dinasti Umayyah, Abbasiyah, Fatimiyyah, Ayyubiyah, dan Usmaniyah. Perkembangan madzhab fikih di Mesir dipengaruhi oleh dinasti yang berkuasa, dan setiap dinasti memiliki sistem pemerintahan dengan ciri khas masing-masing. Setelah runtuhnya dinasti Usmaniyah Mesir dijajah Perancis, dan mempengaruhi perundang-undangan di Mesir. Saat ini Mesir adalah negara republik dengan mencantumkan syariat Islam sebagai landasan utama dalam undang-undang di Mesir.Kata Kunci: Penerapan, syariat, Islam, Mesir
Aktualisasi Makna Jihad dalam Kehidupan Modern
Authors: Saoki Saoki
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses about the essence of the meaning of jihad and its actualization in a modern life. Basically, jihad has two meanings; First, the notion of the propagation of Islam in a polite, tolerant, peaceful way, and away from coercion and violence. Second, the notion of war. Jihad in the first sense to be applied anytime and anywhere, while the second one should only be applied in a very constrained condition because of the definite threat of the enemy. The main purpose of jihad is al-amr bi al-ma'ruf wa al-nahy an al-munkar. Therefore, in today’s modern context, jihad could be interpreted in a more macro and holistic sense, so that any forms of al-amr bi al-ma'ruf wa al-nahy an al-munkar like an attempt to increase the level of education of Muslims, an attempt to increase the welfare of the Muslims weather economically, politically, and culturally. All are included in a category of jihad in Islam, and they are more important than a physical jihad with a war, due to the current context, jihad with those meanings are the most needed by Muslims.Keywords: Actualization, Jihad, modern age
Pungutan Dana Krama Tamiu Bagi Penduduk Pendatang di Klungkung Bali
Authors: Hasan Hasan
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article highlights the collection of dana krama tamu (migrant ethic fund) for migrants in Klungkung district, Klungkung-Bali Regency. They are borne dana krama tamu by Banjar Adat / Pakraman which is determined by each Banjar Adat / Pakraman. The withdrawal process of dana krama tamu is done monthly by the security guards of Banjar Adat / Pakraman namely pecalang. While the rights that can be obtained by them are security, health care, shelter from disaster, and the use of facilities of Banjar Adat. However, security is not necessarily be felt by all migrants. In the concept of fiqh siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence), it is unknown about dana krama tamu. But in the history of the Islamic governments, there was a concept of jizya. It is a levie which was taken from ahl al-zimmah as a guarenty for their safety. The collection of dana krama tamu is substantially different with  that of  jizya. But there are some similarities that can be seen, especially from the rights given to them. Thus, the withdrawal of dana krama tamu can be justified because it is not much different from the concept of jizya in historical Muslim community.Keywords: Fund levy, Dana Krama Tamu, Islamic political jurisprudence
Penerapan Undang Undang Otonomi Daerah No. 32 Tahun 2004 Jo Perda No. 7 Tahun 2006 di Waru Sidoarjo
Authors: Azmi M. Ulul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article is a field research on the application of the Regional Autonomy Law No. 32 year 2004, jo PERDA (Regional Regulation) No. 7 year 2006 about the local government in Waru-Sidoarjo. The research was conducted by interviewing some people from four villages, namely Ngingas, Kepuh Kiriman, Tambak Oso, and Tambak Rejo. The research concludes that the community of the four villages had been carrying out the mandate of the Regional Autonomy Law No. 32 year 2004, jo PERDA (Regional Regulation) No. 7 year 2006. However, the compliance in carrying out the law is not based on their legal awareness. It is because there are some laws that are considered as discrimination and murder of the rights of individuals, including the prohibition of the village government to take charge of the political party (consulting / comparative study) ". It can, of course, kill the principles of human rights and democracy, whereas the legislation itself gives respect to the principles of democracy and human rights. The principles to be considered in formulating constitution is the guarantee of human rights of each member of society and the equality of all people before the law without any distinctions of social statification.Keywords: Implementation, regional autonomy law, Waru
Sejarah Sosial Hukuman Peminum Khamr
Authors: Malik Arif Jamaluddin
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Penalty for a drinker can not be separated from the development and changes in society. As one of the many provisions of a criminal penalty, drinker should remain be punished. However, in practice, there are differences in accordance with the implementation of penalty for a drinker. It is about the amount and limit of the punishment given to a drinker. This is because al-Qur'an does not explicitely mention the legal sanctions for a drinker. In contrast to the punitive sanction for the variant of violations of a criminal penalty, such as fornication, adultery, and theft of the mentioned amount and limit of their sentence. The differences in the application of a criminal penalty for drinkers at the Prophet’s time time and after indicate that although the substantive criminal penalty should remain in force, but in the application might be heavier or at least equal as the former penalty. Those facts indicate that Islamic law is related to the changes and development of society. Thus, there is an interplay circumstance between Islamic law and the developments and changes in society, or in otherwise.Keywords: History, penalty, liquor, criminal penalty