bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SILVER ANTICHAINS
Authors: SPINAS OTMAR , WYSZKOWSKI MAREK
Published: July 2015

In this paper we investigate the structure of uncountable maximal antichains of Silver forcing and show that they have to be at least of size d, where d is the dominating number. Part of this work can be used to show that the additivity of the Silver forcing ideal has size at least the unbounding number b. It follows that every reasonable amoeba Silver forcing adds a dominating real.
UNDECIDABILITY OF CONSEQUENCE RELATION IN FULL NON-ASSOCIATIVE LAMBEK CALCULUS
Authors: CHVALOVSKÝ KAREL
Published: July 2015

We prove that the consequence relation in the Full Non-associative Lambek Calculus is undecidable. An encoding of the halting problem for 2-tag systems using finitely many sequents in the language {⋅,∨} is presented. Therefore already the consequence relation in this fragment is undecidable. Moreover, the construction works even when the structural rules of exchange and contraction are added.
TOPOLOGICAL COMPLETENESS OF LOGICS ABOVES4
Authors: BEZHANISHVILI GURAM , GABELAIA DAVID , LUCERO-BRYAN JOEL
Published: July 2015

It is a celebrated result of McKinsey and Tarski [28] thatS4is the logic of the closure algebraΧ+over any dense-in-itself separable metrizable space. In particular,S4is the logic of the closure algebra over the realsR, the rationalsQ, or the Cantor spaceC. By [5], each logic aboveS4that has the finite model property is the logic of a subalgebra ofQ+, as well as the logic of a subalgebra ofC+. This is no longer true forR, and the main result of [5] states that each connected logic aboveS4with the finite model property is the logic of a subalgebra of the closure algebraR+.

In this paper we extend these results to all logics aboveS4. Namely, for a normal modal logicL, we prove that the following conditions are equivalent: (i)Lis aboveS4, (ii)Lis the logic of a subalgebra ofQ+, (iii)Lis the logic of a subalgebra ofC+. We introduce the concept of a well-connected logic aboveS4and prove that the following conditions are equivalent: (i)Lis a well-connected logic, (ii)Lis the logic of a subalgebra of the closure algebra$\xi _2^ + $over the infinite binary tree, (iii)Lis the logic of a subalgebra of the closure algebra${\bf{L}}_2^ + $over the infinite binary tree with limits equipped with the Scott topology. Finally, we prove that a logicLaboveS4is connected iffLis the logic of a subalgebra ofR+, and transfer our results to the setting of intermediate logics.

Proving these general completeness results requires new tools. We introduce the countable general frame property (CGFP) and prove that each normal modal logic has the CGFP. We introduce general topological semantics forS4, which generalizes topological semantics the same way general frame semantics generalizes Kripke semantics. We prove that the categories of descriptive frames forS4and descriptive spaces are isomorphic. It follows that every logic aboveS4is complete with respect to the corresponding class of descriptive spaces. We provide several ways of realizing the infinite binary tree with limits, and prove that when equipped with the Scott topology, it is an interior image of bothCandR. Finally, we introduce gluing of general spaces and prove that the space obtained by appropriate gluing involving certain quotients ofL2is an interior image ofR.
THE MOUSE SET CONJECTURE FOR SETS OF REALS
Authors: SARGSYAN GRIGOR , STEEL JOHN
Published: July 2015

We show that the Mouse Set Conjecture for sets of reals is true in the minimal model of ADℝ + “Θ is regular”. As a consequence, we get that below ADℝ + “Θ is regular”, models of AD++¬ADℝ are hybrid mice over ℝ. Such a representation of models of AD+ is important in core model induction applications.
NON-SPLITTINGS OF SPEEDABLE SETS
Authors: CHIH ELLEN S.
Published: July 2015

We construct a speedable set that cannot be split into speedable sets. This solves a question of Bäuerle and Remmel.
Are Manager-controlled Firms More Likely to Bribe than Shareholder-controlled Firms: A Cross-cultural Analysis
Authors: Chen Chung-wen , Cullen John B. , Parboteeah K. Praveen
Published: July 2015

To examine the bribing behavior of firms, we developed a cross-level moderation model using agency theory at the firm level and anomie theory at the societal level to investigate the relationship between manager control of firms and firm bribery activity. The results of this cross-cultural analysis using a sample of 1,799 firms from 38 nations showed that at the firm level, manager-controlled firms (MCFs) have a higher propensity to bribe than shareholder-controlled firms. At the country level, bribery is higher in MCFs (relative to shareholder-controlled firms) in societies with a low level of institutional collectivism, a high level of uncertainty avoidance, economic change, and income inequality. Contrary to the hypothesis, the relationship between bribery and manager control is stronger rather than weaker in societies with press freedom. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.
The Economics of the Black Freedom Struggle
Authors: DAVIES TOM ADAM
Published: July 2015

Mama Younger: Son, how come you talk so much ’bout money?

Walter Lee Younger: Because it is life, Mama!

Mama Younger: Oh. So now it's life. Once upon a time freedom used to be life – now It's money. I guess the world really do change.

Walter Lee Younger: No – it was always money, Mama. We just didn't know about it.

Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun (New York: Random House, 1958), 74

The disproportionate impact of the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis and subsequent economic recession on black families in the United States has helped to revive a long-standing debate about the relationship between race, inequality and the political and economic structures of American capitalist society. The seemingly unmistakable, and increasing, correlation between race and poverty in America has led many to challenge the powerful and pervasive idea – central to the colour-blind conservatism espoused by many on the American right – that the nation's problem of racial discrimination was overcome with the passage of civil and voting rights legislation in the mid-1960s. As part of this process, historians have begun increasingly to reconsider the place of economic questions, principles and aspirations in African American and other minority groups' struggles against racial inequality. Although these three books are very different in form, content, and scope, they each reflect the growing importance of this line of inquiry within the historiography.
Influence of intramammary infection of a single gland in dairy cows on the cow's milk quality
Authors: Bezman Dror , Lemberskiy-Kuzin Liubov , Katz Gil , Merin Uzi , Leitner Gabriel
Published: July 2015

Intramammary infection (IMI), comprises a group of costly diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. Many dairy parlours are equipped with on-line computerised data acquisition systems designed to detect IMI. However, the data collected is related to the cow level, therefore the contribution of infected glands to the recorded parameters may be over estimated. The present study aimed at evaluating the influence of single gland IMI by different bacteria specieson the cow's overall milk quality. A total of 130 cows were tested 239 times; 79 cows were tested once and the others were examined 2–8 times. All of the analysed data refer to the number of tests performed, taking into account the repeated testing of the same cows. Of the cows tested ~50% were free of infection in all 4 glands and the others were infected in one gland with different coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus dysgalactiae, or were post infected with Escherichia coli (PIEc), i.e., free of bacterial infection at the time of sampling but 1–2 months after clinical infection by E. coli. Overall, infection with bacteria had significant effects on somatic cell count (SCC) and lactose concentration. Examining each bacterium reveals that the major influence on those parameters was the sharp decrease in lactose in the PIEc and curd firmness in PIEc and Strep. Individual gland milk production decreased ~20% in Strep. dysgalactiae- and ~50% in PIEc-infected glands with respect to glands with no bacterial findings. Significant differences were found in lactose, SCC, rennet clotting time and curd firmness in the milk of infected glands and among those, these parameters were significantly higher in Strep. dysgalactiae and PIEc than in CNS infected cows. The current results using quarter-milking reinforces the importance of accurate IMI detection in relation to economic and welfare factors, and moreover, emphasises the need for technical sensing and constant reporting to the farmer about changes in the milk quality of every animal.
Long-term outcomes following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in Samter's triad
Authors: Olivier F , George M , Leuba D , Monnier P , Friedrich J P
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery for Samter's triad patients using an objective visual analogue scale and nasal endoscopy.

Method:

Using a retrospective database, 33 Samter's triad patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated pre- and post-operatively between 1987 and 2007 in Hospital of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.

Results:

A total of 33 patients participated in the study, and the mean follow-up period was 11.6 years (range 1.2–20 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on visual analogue scale scores of the five parameters with the greatest difference in intensity of symptoms between the beginning and end of follow up. Group 1 included patients with a mean visual analogue scale score of 6 and below at the end of follow up and group 2 included patients with a mean visual analogue scale score of more than 6. The only statistically significant difference noted between the two groups was the endonasal findings: stage III–IV polyposis was present in 1 out of 24 patients (4 per cent) in group 1 and in 5 out of 9 patients (56 per cent) in group 2.

Conclusion:

The results of our study indicate that functional endoscopic sinus surgery helps stabilise disease progression. Stage III–IV polyposis had a significant adverse effect on long-term outcome.
Rigid endoscopy in the out-patient clinic
Authors: Costello R , Whittet H B
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This paper presents an efficient and ergonomic system for performing rigid endoscopic examination in the out-patient clinic setting. The set-up encourages user comfort, and facilitates clear images of the nasal mucosa, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Equipment:

This consisted of anti-fog solution, a 5 ml syringe, a cardboard receiver and gauze.

Conclusion:

By using disposable equipment we encourage good infection control practices. We recommend that users of rigid endoscopes in the out-patient setting consider setting up for each patient in this manner.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base: a surgical challenge
Authors: Martínez-Capoccioni G , Serramito-García R , Huertas-Pardo B , García-Allut A , Martín-Martín C
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effective closure rate for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks with functional endoscopic sinus surgery and identify patient characteristics that may be associated with a need for additional therapy.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks was performed. Data on the nature of presentation, patient body mass index, defect location and size, intracranial pressure, clinical follow up, and complications were collected.

Results:

Twenty-five patients had spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks with evidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The most common sites were the cribriform plate, followed by the ethmoid roof and sphenoid lateral pterygoid recess. All patients underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery to repair the defect. Post-operatively, all patients underwent lumbar drainage and acetazolamide therapy.

Conclusion:

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks represent a surgical challenge because of their high recurrence rates. The most important factor for obtaining a successful repair in these patients is reducing their intracranial pressure through nutritional, medical or surgical means.
Prevalence of ear diseases in the children of Delhi
Authors: Chadha S K , Gulati K , Garg S , Agarwal A K
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of ear diseases in children from Delhi, India.

Methods:

A population-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey was carried out in two districts of Delhi, and involved children of all demographic sections of the region. A total of 4626 children aged between 18 days and 15 years underwent examinations including otoscopy, impedance audiometry and hearing screening.

Results:

In all, 14.8 per cent of the study sample was diagnosed with one or more ear morbidities, the most common being cerumen impaction (7.5 per cent) and chronic suppurative otitis media (3.6 per cent). There was clinical evidence of otitis media with effusion in 2 per cent of children, and 0.96 per cent had otitis externa (bacterial and fungal). The point prevalence of acute suppurative otitis media was 0.39 per cent. In all, 0.45 per cent of children were found to have an undiagnosed foreign body within the ear canal.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of ear disease poses a significant public health problem in Delhi.
On the minimum requirements for otolaryngology clinics in National Health Service hospitals
Authors: Hussain S S M , Baring D , Cain A J , Clement W A , Dempster J , Haddow K , Jones S E M , Balaji N , Ram B , Sheikh S , White A
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This paper, a report by the Clinical Governance and Audit Committee of the Scottish Otolaryngological Society, presents a consensus view of the minimal requirements for ENT clinics in National Health Service hospitals.

Results and conclusion:

The provision of adequate equipment and staff has gained increasing importance as the vast majority of ENT procedures can be safely performed in the out-patient or office setting.
Z-plasty for skin complications of bone-anchored hearing aid implantation
Authors: Miura M S , Rios M N
Published: July 2015

Background:

The bone-anchored hearing aid implantation technique is associated with post-operative skin reactions, which require conservative therapy and, in some cases, replacement of the abutment. Z-plasty is a technique that allows resection of the granulation tissue, thus ensuring that disease-free skin will be in contact with the abutment.

Case report:

Use of the Z-plasty technique for resection of the peri-abutment granulation tissue is described. In the case presented herein, the episodes of skin reaction became very frequent and the patient was unable to use his bone-anchored hearing aid for 2 to 3 days a week. We opted for surgical treatment with Z-plasty for management of the skin complications.

Conclusion:

Use of the Z-plasty technique is recommended for the management of skin reactions associated with bone-anchored hearing aid implantation.
Simple suturing of the nasal septum using the Maniceps septum stitch device
Authors: Kuboki A , Yanagi K , Nakayama T , Haruna S
Published: July 2015

Objective:

To present the utility of the recently introduced Maniceps septum stitch device for suturing of the nasal septum.

Methods:

This paper describes nasal septum suturing techniques using the Maniceps septum stitch device following septoplasty to prevent post-operative complications such as haematoma and nasal septum perforation.

Conclusion:

Nasal septum suturing using the Maniceps septum stitch device appears to be a safe and easy surgical procedure to help prevent post-operative complications and may reduce the incidence of nasal septum perforation following septoplasty.
Treatment of pregnancy-associated oral pyogenic granuloma with life-threatening haemorrhage by transarterial embolisation
Authors: Tsai K-Y , Wang W-H , Chang G-H , Tsai Y H
Published: July 2015

Background:

Pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumour) is not uncommon. However, control of severe bleeding associated with the lesion by transarterial embolisation has never been reported.

Case report:

We report the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman (34 weeks gestation) who presented with a pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma of the mandibular gingiva with a life-threatening haemorrhage. The bleeding stopped soon after transarterial micro-embolisation and regressed after one month; thus, no further surgical excision was needed. The patient was free of post-operative wound pain and infection, and there was no recurrence after one year of follow up.

Conclusion:

In general, surgical excision is the first treatment choice for pregnancy tumours. However, it is limited by the risk of marked deformity or incomplete excision when large lesions or difficult surgical areas are encountered. For large tumours, transarterial embolisation may be a safer alternative.
Are head bandages really required after middle-ear surgery? A systematic review
Authors: Khan I , Mohamad S , Ansari S , Iyer A
Published: July 2015

Objective:

A systematic review was performed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of head bandages after routine elective middle-ear surgery.

Methods:

Studies that compared the effectiveness of head bandage use after elective middle-ear surgery (e.g. myringoplasty, mastoidectomy and cochlear implantation) were identified using the following databases: Ovid Medline and Embase, the Ebsco collections, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar. An initial search identified 71 articles. All titles and abstracts were reviewed. Thirteen relevant articles were inspected in more detail; of these, only five met the inclusion criteria. These included three randomised, controlled trials, one retrospective case series and one literature review.

Results:

The three randomised, controlled trials (level of evidence 1b) showed no statistically significant differences in post-operative outcomes (in terms of complications) associated with head bandage use in middle-ear surgery. This finding was supported by the retrospective case series involving patients undergoing cochlear implantation.

Conclusion:

Current available evidence shows no advantage of head bandage use after middle-ear surgery. Head bandages may not be required after routine, uncomplicated middle-ear surgery.
The Hostile Family and the Purpose of the “Natural Kingdom” in Hobbes's Political Thought
Authors: Koganzon Rita
Published: July 2015

In his political writings, Hobbes consistently distinguishes between “natural” and “artificial” commonwealths—those that arise from the family, and those created by mutual covenants. Although he insists that “both have the same right of government,” closer examination of Hobbes's accounts of the family reveals that it is a radically deficient model for the state, and that Hobbes was engaged in a polemic against both republicans and absolutists who claimed that parental power was natural, prior to, and even a model for the power of civil sovereigns. For Hobbes, a state based on parental rule is dangerously unstable, exacerbating the mutual fears of parents and children. The “office of the sovereign representative” defuses this conflict, and within the commonwealth, the family is denaturalized and reconstituted as an educative institution whose purpose is to reinforce the artificial sovereign by schooling both parents and children in the miseries of personal rule.
Carl Schmitt—Political Theologian?
Authors: Roberts Aaron B.
Published: July 2015

“Political theology” is now a fixture within political theory's lexicon. Although Carl Schmitt'sPolitical Theology(1922) is identified as the contemporarylocus classicusfor the concept, that work's primary task is only to elaborate a “sociology of juristic concepts.” Beginning in the 1990s, however, Schmitt's entire corpus has increasingly been interpreted as one motivated by “political theology” in a stronger sense—as political action based upon faith in (Christian) revelation. I challenge this thesis by (1) examining its history, (2) drawing attention to the many aspects of Schmitt's (mostly Weimar-era) work that are deeply at odds with this thesis, and (3) reexamining his (mostly postwar) remarks ordinarily cited to bolster the thesis. Ultimately, the core of Schmitt's thought lies elsewhere; returning to the purported father of political theology brings clarity to the bourgeoning discussion of this topic within the discipline.
REMEMBERING A MUSICAL ERA: HENRI DUTILLEUX IN CONVERSATION
Authors: Obi-Keller Janet
Published: July 2015

Henri Dutilleux was a unique musical figure of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His music is defined by his great sense of lyricism and meticulous control, which, over his life as a composer, had undergone much thought and a gradual sense of change. He inevitably acquired a wide mix of contemporary influences, which added to his poetic vision. Dutilleux's music appears to be a sophisticated understatement, yet at the same time there is an expressive depth and mystery that sets his music apart from any one musical movement or group of his time.
Family as a framing resource for political identity construction: Introduction sequences in presidential primary debates
Authors: Sclafani Jennifer
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the construction of political identity in the 2011–2012 US Republican presidential primary debates. Focusing on candidates’ self-introductions, I analyze how candidates use references to family members and roles to frame their political identities or ‘presidential selves’. Family references are shown to (i) frame candidates’ personal identities as family men/women; (ii) interweave the spheres of home and politics and consequently, their private and public selves; (iii) serve as a tool of discursive one-upmanship in self-introduction sequences; and (iv) demonstrate intimate familiarity and expertise on the topic of national security. This study extends research on family discourse and identity by examining the rhetorical function of mentioning family-related identities in explicitly persuasive public discourse, and contributes to sociolinguistic research on political discourse by examining how family identities serve as a resource for framing political identities. (Discourse analysis, framing, family, identity, political discourse, presidential debates, sequentiality)
The relationships that matter: social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America
Authors: YU REBECCA P. , MCCAMMON RYAN J. , ELLISON NICOLE B. , LANGA KENNETH M.
Published: July 2015

An increasing number of middle-aged and older Americans are using social network sites (SNSs), but little research has addressed how SNS use is associated with social wellbeing outcomes in this population. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,620 Americans older than 50 from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the relationship between older adults’ SNS use and social wellbeing associated with non-kin and kin relations and explore how these associations vary by age. Results of ordinary least-squares regression analyses suggest that SNS use is positively associated with non-kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, including perceived support from friends (β = 0.13;p< 0.001; N = 460) and feelings of connectedness (β = 0.10;p< 0.001; N = 463). Regression models employing interaction terms of age and SNS use further reveal that SNS use contributes to feelings of connectedness to a greater extent as people age (β = 0.10;p< 0.001; N = 463). Of all kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, SNS use only predicts increased perceived support from children (β = 0.08;p< 0.05; N = 410), and age negatively shapes this relationship (β = −0.14;p< 0.001; N = 410). As older people engage with an increasingly smaller and narrower network with a greater proportion of kin contacts, our results suggest that SNS use may help older adults access differential social benefits throughout later life.
FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF ETHICAL ASPECTS OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES: THE SBU APPROACH
Authors: Heintz Emelie , Lintamo Laura , Hultcrantz Monica , Jacobson Stella , Levi Ragnar , Munthe Christian , Tranæus Sofia , Östlund Pernilla , Sandman Lars
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Assessment of ethical aspects of a technology is an important component of health technology assessment (HTA). Nevertheless, how the implementation of ethical assessment in HTA is to be organized and adapted to specific regulatory and organizational settings remains unclear. The objective of this study is to present a framework for systematic identification of ethical aspects of health technologies. Furthermore, the process of developing and adapting the framework to a specific setting is described.

Methods: The framework was developed based on an inventory of existing approaches to identification and assessment of ethical aspects in HTA. In addition, the framework was adapted to the Swedish legal and organizational healthcare context, to the role of the HTA agency and to the use of non-ethicists. The framework was reviewed by a group of ethicists working in the field as well as by a wider set of interested parties including industry, interest groups, and other potential users.

Results: The framework consists of twelve items with sub-questions, short explanations, and a concluding overall summary. The items are organized into four different themes: the effects of the intervention on health, its compatibility with ethical norms, structural factors with ethical implications, and long term ethical consequences of using the intervention.

Conclusions: In this study, a framework for identifying ethical aspects of health technologies is proposed. The general considerations and methodological approach to this venture will hopefully inspire and present important insights to organizations in other national contexts interested in making similar adaptations.
Tuberculosis in immigrants in Finland, 1995–2013
Authors: RÄISÄNEN P. E. , SOINI H. , VASANKARI T. , SMIT P.W. , NUORTI J. P. , OLLGREN J. , RUUTU P. , LYYTIKÄINEN O.
Published: July 2015

Increasing immigration from high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries is a challenge for surveillance and control in Finland. Here, we describe the epidemiology of TB in immigrants by using national surveillance data. During 1995–2013, 7030 (84·7%) native and 1199 (14·4%) immigrant cases were identified. The proportion of immigrant cases increased from 5·8% in 1995 to 32·1% in 2013, consistent with increasing immigrant population (2·1–5·6%) and decreasing incidence of TB in the native population (from 12·1 to 3·5/100 000). TB cases in immigrants were significantly younger, more often female, and had extrapulmonary TB more often than native cases (P< 0·01 for all comparisons); multidrug resistance was also more common in immigrants than natives (P< 0·01). Immigrant cases were born in 82 different countries; most commonly in Somalia and the former Soviet Union/Russia. During 2008–2013, 433Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from immigrants were submitted for spoligotyping; 10 different clades were identified. Clades were similar to those found in the case's country of birth. Screening immigrants from high-incidence countries and raising awareness of common characteristics and symptoms of TB is important to ensure early diagnosis and to prevent transmission.
Etude diachronique du conditionnel passé ou l'origine de la contrefactualité
Authors: PATARD ADELINE , GRABAR NATALIA , DE MULDER WALTER
Published: July 2015

RéSUMé

L'article propose d'étudier diachroniquement le conditionnel passé (noté CONDPA) qui a pour particularité de pouvoir signifier contextuellement la contrefactualité (ex.Si j'avais su, je neseraispasvenu.). Le but de cette étude est de retracer, à travers une analyse de corpus, l'émergence de cette interprétation contrefactuelle, qui s'est généralisée en français à partir du 17èmesiècle. Ce changement coïncide avec l'acquisition d'une valeur de passé aoriste, correspondant au dernier stade du chemin d'évolution des formes parfaites décrit par Bybee et al. (1994). L'émergence de la contrefactualité est analysée comme le résultat de la conventionnalisation d'inférences (cf. Heine 2002).
Grammaticalisation des valeurs d’aspect et de phase? A propos des constructions à verbes supports
Authors: SCHØSLER LENE
Published: July 2015

RESUME

A la différence du latin, les langues romanes possèdent des verbes «polylexicaux», en particulier des constructions à verbe support. Partant de l’hypothèse que ces constructions sont des structures grammaticalisées ou en voie de grammaticalisation, la présente étude se propose d’examiner dans quelle mesure il est possible d’analyser le choix entre les verbes supports comme un choix entre diverses valeurs d’aspect ou de phase. Si cette idée se vérifie, les verbes supports pourraient être considérés comme membres du paradigme temporel, aspectuel et modal (TAM) du français, à l’instar de la morphologie verbale et des auxiliaires verbaux de temps, d’aspect et de mode. J’utilise le termeparadigmeselon la définition de Nørgård-Sørensen et al. (2011) qui implique un choix entre formes ayant chacune sa valeur grammaticale propre.
Cognitive remediation: potential novel brain-based treatment for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Dickstein Daniel P. , Cushman Grace K. , Kim Kerri L. , Weissman Alexandra B. , Wegbreit Ezra
Published: July 2015

Bipolar disorder (BD) is among the most impairing psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents, despite our best psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. Cognitive remediation, defined as a behavioral intervention designed to improve cognitive functions so as to reduce psychiatric illness, is an emerging brain-based treatment approach that has thus far not been studied in pediatric BD. The present article reviews the basic principles of cognitive remediation, describes what is known about cognitive remediation in psychiatric disorders, and delineates potential brain/behavior alterations implicated in pediatric BD that might be targets for cognitive remediation. Emerging data show that cognitive remediation may be useful in children and adults with schizophrenia, ADHD, and anxiety disorders, and in adults with BD. Potential targets for cognitive remediation in pediatric BD include face processing, response inhibition, frustration, and cognitive flexibility. Further study is warranted to determine if cognitive remediation for these targets, or others, may serve as a novel, brain-based treatment for pediatric BD.
“When Red Pigeons Gathered on Tang's House”: A Warring States Period Tale of Shamanic Possession and Building Construction set at the turn of the Xia and Shang Dynasties
Authors: ALLAN SARAH
Published: July 2015

“When Red Pigeons Gathered on Tang's House” (Chi jiu zhi ji Tang zhi wu 赤之集湯之屋) is a Warring States period bamboo manuscript written in the script of the Chu state. It concerns figures that are well known in historical legend: Tang湯, the founder of the Shang dynasty; his wife; his minister Yi Yin伊尹, here called by the titlexiaochen 小臣[minor servitor]; and the last king of the Xia dynasty, here called simply the Xia Lord (xia hou 夏后). These figures have their familiar identities, but the tale recorded in the manuscript is unique and has no apparent political or philosophical import. The protagonist, Xiaochen, is Tang's cook, but he does not play the role of founding minister raised up by a future king. Moreover, he is associated with a nexus of motifs associated with shamans, including spirit possession. He acquires clairvoyance after eating a soup of magic red birds (jiu 鳩, [pigeons] orhu 鵠[cranes]) intended for Tang. After fleeing from an angry Tang, he is possessed by a spirit-medium raven. He then cures the illness of the Xia Lord by having him move his house and kill the yellow snakes and white rabbits under his bed. One rabbit escapes and the story concludes that this is why parapets are placed on houses, suggesting that the context of the story was the construction of a building. Thus, it may have been similar to a historiola, narrated in a ritual to sanctify houses after the placement of the parapet, thus preventing illness among the inhabitants.
Let's not forget the role of deafness in sign/speech bilingualism
Authors: WOLL BENCIE , MACSWEENEY MAIRÉAD
Published: July 2015

Emmorey, Giezen and Gollan (Emmorey, Giezen & Gollan) address the fascinating question of what can be learnt about language, cognition and the brain from the unique group of people who have grown up learning both a signed and a spoken language. The focus of their review is hearing individuals – referred to as hearing bimodal bilinguals. The review presents an excellent overview of research in this field and highlights the unique insights that this population can provide.
How cooks navigate nutrition, hunger and care in public-sector foodservice settings
Authors: Tsui Emma K , Morillo Arelis
Published: July 2015

Objective

To examine the perspectives and practices of cooks responsible for carrying out healthy meal programmes in publicly funded foodservice, in order to better understand what they consider to be ‘good’ food and where nutrition and nutritional standards fit into this conceptualization.

Design

A qualitative, exploratory study involving in-depth interviews that were conducted with cooks and their supervisors about their work practices and perspectives on providing healthy food for clients.

Setting

Participants were recruited from child-care, after-school, senior-centre and shelter settings that had participated in healthy menu training in New York City, USA.

Subjects

Eighteen cooks and nine supervisors working in the aforementioned settings.

Results

The views and practices of both cooks and supervisors about what constitutes ‘good’ food extend beyond a purely nutritional view of goodness to include the importance of addressing hunger and clients’ food preferences, among other factors. Cooks address these by interacting with clients and altering recipes and menus in a range of ways to maximize the likelihood of food consumption and enjoyment. These approaches are often, but not always, compatible with setting-specific nutritional guidelines that may be set at the national, state, local or organizational level.

Conclusions

Cooks play a key role in translating nutritional guidelines into what is served. In doing so, they engage in skilled labour and forms of care that increase the ability of public-sector foodservice to address food security and other goals, but these aspects of their work are not widely recognized.
The Reduced Definite Articleth’ in Late Middle English and Beyond: An Insight from the Definiteness Cycle
Authors: Nykiel Jerzy
Published: July 2015

I first show that the reduced form of the definite articleth’ is present throughout Middle English and Early Modern English. Then I highlight the differences in the pragmatic functions of the reduced form and full form of the article in three prose texts taken from the late 15th century and the 16th century. Given the differences, late Middle English and the first century of Early Modern English are closer to having two definite articles rather than one. The development of the reduced formth’ is part of the DP cycle in thatth’ emerges as the function oftheweakens. Finally, I tentatively argue thatth’ is reanalyzed as the head of DP around 1500, after being initially base-generated in nP, at which pointth’ is closer to a nominal marker than to a definite article.*
The Ethics of the Empty Church: Anglicanism’s Need for a Theology of Architecture
Authors: Whyte William
Published: July 2015

In this polemical paper, produced for the Churches, Communities, and Society conference at the Lincoln Theological Institute, University of Manchester, I argue that the Church of England has failed to develop a coherent or convincing theology of architecture. Such a failure raises practical problems for an institution responsible for the care of 16,000 buildings, a quarter of which are of national or international importance. But it has also, I contend, produced an impoverished understanding of architecture’s role as an instrument of mission and a tool for spiritual development. Following a historical survey of attitudes towards church buildings, this paper explores and criticizes the Church of England’s current engagement with its architecture. It raises questions about what has been done and what has been said about churches. It argues that the Church of England lacks a theology of church building and church closing, and calls for work to develop just such a thing.
The French revolution and German industrialization: dubious models and doubtful causality
Authors: KOPSIDIS MICHAEL , BROMLEY DANIEL W.
Published: July 2015

We challenge the ‘big-bang’ approach to economic history offered by Acemogluet al.(2011). The creation story in dispute is the French Revolution and the subsequent French occupation of a very small portion of Germany. We show that the four institutional reforms claimed to have spurred German industrialization have been incorrectly dated. These corrections nullify any explanatory power of the ACJR econometric model. Moreover, even with the corrected vintages, their identification strategy is undermined by a flawed ‘explanatory’ variable – ‘years of reform’. We show that this variable simply enters their model as a year trend and explains nothing except the passage of time. We develop a fixed-effects model to capture the overlooked role of coal production that began in several regions shortly after 1840. This model offers a credible account of German industrialization and urbanization. Most economic change is, after all, continuous. Big-bang intrusions are of doubtful efficacy.
New records of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) at Islas Marietas, Central Mexican Pacific
Authors: Sotelo-Casas Rosa Carmen , Cupul-Magaña Amílcar Leví , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola
Published: July 2015

Sea cucumbers (phylum Echinodermata) are common members of benthic communities in many marine ecosystems. They function as nutrient recyclers and bioturbators of soft bottoms, and are preyed upon by birds, fishes, mollusks, crustaceans and other taxa. In the Central Mexican Pacific, Islas Marietas harbours a complex and diverse community of corals and benthic invertebrates, with a particularly well-represented assemblage of echinoderms. However, little is known about the diversity of holothurians in the area. Between 2012 and 2014 a bimonthly census was conducted at Islas Marietas, and seven species were recorded for the first time at this location:Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla, Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis, Neocucumis veleronis, Lissothuria ornata, Afrocucumis ovulumandPachythyone pseudolugubris. The absence of previous records of these species may be associated with their low densities and cryptic habits. This report acts to fill a critical knowledge gap in the distribution of holothurians in the eastern tropical Pacific and highlights the under-appreciated biodiversity of this Natural Protected Area.
E-Zigaretten – Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Russi Erich W.
Published: July 2015

Nicht das suchterzeugende Nikotin, sondern die unzähligen bei der Verbrennung von Tabak anfallenden Substanzen sind für die bekannten Gesundheitsschäden des Rauchens verantwortlich. Im Dampf von E-Zigaretten sind solche toxische Chemikalien nicht oder nur in Spuren nachweisbar. Deshalb kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass das Inhalieren von E-Zigaretten-Dampf für Erwachsene weitgehend unschädlich oder mit Sicherheit weniger schädlich als das Zigarettenrauchen ist. Zudem gibt es keine Daten, die belegen, dass E-Zigaretten bei Jugendlichen den Einstieg zum Rauchen von Zigaretten fördern. Der Konsum von E-Zigaretten mit nikotinhaltigen Liquids ist für stark nikotinabhängige Raucher, nach Scheitern einer strukturierten Raucher-entwöhnung eine Möglichkeit, um die Anzahl gerauchter Zigaretten zu reduzieren oder mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören. Weil die Diskussion um die E-Zigarette häufig emotional geführt und mit unbewiesenen Behauptungen hantiert wird, sollten sich Medizinalpersonen vorurteilslos über diese Art der Nikotin-Substitution informieren.
Das fortgeschrittene Bronchialkarzinom – was gibt es Neues in der Diagnostik und Therapie?
Authors: Rothschild Sacha I.
Published: July 2015

Lungenkrebs ist einer der häufigsten bösartigen Tumoren weltweit. Eine Mehrzahl der Patienten wird in einem metastasierten Stadium diagnostiziert. In dieser Situation ist die Krankheit nicht mehr heilbar. Palliative Therapiemassnahmen können das Überleben der Patienten verlängern und die Krankheitssymptome lindern. Lungenkrebs lässt sich basierend auf der Histologie und der Molekularbiologie in verschiedene Untergruppen einteilen. Die wichtigste Unterscheidung ist jene zwischen kleinzelligem und nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkrebs. Gerade beim nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkrebs konnten sich in den letzten Jahren neue Therapien etablieren, die mit einer verbesserten Prognose einhergehen. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht zu den aktuellen Therapieoptionen beim metastasierten Lungenkrebs und stellt zukünftige Entwicklungen bei dieser Krankheit dar.
New Commission Aims to Protect Volcanic Geoheritage
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2015

Volcanic landscapes and regions provide valuable opportunities for scientific research, education, and sustainable geotourism, in addition to iconic scenery.
Conversion of cell-survival activity of Akt into apoptotic death of cancer cells by two mutations on the BIM BH3 domain
Authors: Kim J-S , Ku B , Woo T-G , Oh A-Y , Jung Y-S , Soh Y-M , Yeom J-H , Lee K , Park B-J , Oh B-H , Ha N-C
Published: July 2015

Survival and proliferation of cancer cells are often associated with hyperactivity of the serine/threonine kinase, Akt. Herein, we show that prosurvival activity of Akt can be converted into prodeath activity by embedding an Akt recognition sequence in the apoptogenic BH3 domain of human BIM. The recognition sequence was created by introducing two mutations, I155R and E158S, into the core region of the BIM BH3 domain. Although a 21-mer BIM BH3 peptide containing these two mutations bound weakly to BCL-XL and BCL-2, this peptide with phosphorylation of Ser158 bound to these proteins with a dissociation constant of <10 nM. The crystal structure of the phosphorylated peptide bound to BCL-XL revealed that the phospho-Ser158 makes favorable interactions with two BCL-XL residues, which cannot be formed with unphosphorylated Ser158. Remarkably, the designed peptide showed a cytotoxic effect on PTEN-null PC3 tumor cells whose Akt activity is aberrantly high. The cell-killing activity disappeared when the cellular Akt activity was lowered by ectopic PTEN expression. Thus, these results lay a foundation for developing a peptide or protein agent that is dormant in normal cells but is transformed into a potent apoptogenic molecule upon phosphorylation by hyperactivity of Akt in cancer cells.
LincHOTAIR epigenetically silences miR34a by binding to PRC2 to promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Y-w , Sun M , Xia R , Zhang E-b , Liu X-h , Zhang Z-h , Xu T-p , De W , Liu B-r , Wang Z-x
Published: July 2015

lncRNAs play important roles in the epigenetic regulation of carcinogenesis and progression. Previous studies suggest that HOTAIR contributes to gastric cancer (GC) development, and the overexpression of HOTAIR predicts a poor prognosis. In this study, we found that HOTAIR was more highly expressed in diffuse-type GC than in intestinal type (P=0.048). In the diffuse type, there is significant relationship between HOTAIR expression and DFS (P<0.001). CDH1 was downregulated in diffuse-type GC tissues (P=0.0007) and showed a negative relationship with HOTAIR (r2=0.154, P=0.0354). In addition, HOTAIR knockdown significantly repressed migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and vivo and reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in GC cells. We also showed that HOTAIR recruiting and binding to PRC2 epigenetically represses miR34a, which controls the targets C-Met (HGF/C-Met/Snail pathway) and Snail, thus contributing to GC cell-EMT process and accelerating tumor metastasis. Moreover, it is demonstrated that HOTAIR crosstalk with microRNAs during epigenetic regulation. Our results suggest that HOTAIR acts as an EMT regulator and may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and a target for new therapies in GC patients.
Identification of thiostrepton as a novel therapeutic agent that targets human colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Ju S-Y , Huang C-YF , Huang W-C , Su Y
Published: July 2015

Accumulating evidence shows that colorectal cancer stem cells (CRSCs) are largely responsible for the metastasis and relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC) after therapy. Hence, identifying new agents that specifically target CRSCs would help improve the effectiveness of current CRC therapies. To accelerate identification of agents targeting CRSCs, the Connectivity Map (CMap) approach was used. Among the top-ranked candidates, thiostrepton, a thiazole antibiotic, was selected for further investigation because of its known tumoricidal activity. Thiostrepton could selectively induce apoptosis in CRSC subpopulations in both parental HCT-15 and HT-29 human CRC lines as well as in EMT and chemoresistant clones derived from them. Further, we investigated its inhibitory effects on the sphere- and colony-forming capabilities of the aforementioned CRC lines. The in vitro inhibition of sphere and colony formation was associated with downregulation of various modulators of the stem cell phenotype. The combination of thiostrepton and oxaliplatin eradicated both CD44+ HCT-15 and HT-29 cells more efficiently than either drug alone. FoxM1, an oncogenic transcription factor, was identified as a critical positive modulator of stemness and as the main target of thiostrepton in the CRC lines. This is the first report showing the selective killing of CRSCs by thiostrepton, which has been proposed to be a promising anti-neoplastic agent. On the basis of its synergism with oxaliplatin in killing CRSCs in vitro, if this activity is confirmed in vivo, thiostrepton may be a promising agent to be used clinically in combination with current chemotherapies to improve the efficacy of these regimens.
Interaction of genetic markers associated with serum alkaline phosphatase levels in the Japanese population
Authors: Masuda Masatoshi , Okuda Kayo , Ikeda Daisuke D , Hishigaki Haretsugu , Fujiwara Tsutomu
Published: July 2015

In the present genome-wide association study of 2,994 Japanese subjects, rs2071699 (35C>T) in the fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) gene was identified as a marker associated with serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. This gene encodes α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase, which is responsible for the synthesis of H antigens. In a linear regression model incorporating genetic markers, rs550057 (C>T), which is located within an intron of the ABO blood group (ABO) locus, rs2071699 in FUT1 and a gene–gene interaction between these loci accounted for 12.4, 0.9 and 0.3% of the total variability in the serum ALP level, respectively. Further association analysis using imputed genotypes detected rs1047781 in FUT2. rs1047781 is well known in this association with serum ALP levels and showed a moderate linkage with rs2071699 in FUT1. An interaction analysis using rs1047781 in FUT2 also suggested that the interaction with rs550057 in ABO is significant and contributes to the interindividual variance of serum ALP levels as well as rs2071699 in the FUT1 gene. Thus, there is evidence of interactions between ABO and FUT1/FUT2 on serum ALP levels, regardless of the possibility that rs2071699 in FUT1 is a proxy of rs1047781 in FUT2 in the Japanese population.