bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Concentration and Distribution at Triple Junction Pores of Three-Fold Symmetry in Ceramics
Authors: Vakaeva A.B. , Krasnitckii S.A. , Smirnov A.M. , Grekov M.A. , Gutkin M.Yu.
Published: April 2019

The stress concentration and distribution around a triple-junction pore of three-fold symmetry in a polycrystalline ceramic material is considered. The perturbation method in the theory of plane elasticity is used to solve the problem of a nearly circular pore of three-fold symmetry under remote loading in the first approximation. The solution was specified to the uniaxial tension of convex and concave rounded triangular pores. The stress concentration on the pore surface and the stress distribution in vicinity of the pore along its symmetry axes are studied and discussed in detail. The numerical results, issued from the first-order approximation analytical solution, are compared with those of finite-element calculations.
Effect of Grain Boundaries on the Electron Work Function of Ultrafine Grained Aluminum
Authors: Orlova T.S. , Ankudinov A.V. , Mavlyutov A.M. , Resnina N.N.
Published: April 2019

The electron work function (EWF) of ultrafine grained (UFG) aluminum structured by high pressure torsion (HPT) has been investigated. For the first time, the dependence of the EWF on the specific length of grain boundaries (or the grain size) for UFG Al has been obtained. The change of average grain size was achieved by short term annealing of HPT-processed aluminum at different temperatures from the range 90-400 °C. It has been shown that the state of grain boundaries (GBs) affects the magnitude of the EWF. It has been found that the transformation of GBs due to annealing at 90 °C from a nonequilibrium to more equilibrium state while maintaining the specific length of GBs and their average misorientation is accompanied by a decrease in average GB specific energy by 0.3 J m-2. This transition provides a sharp increase in the EWF of the UFGAl by 0.25 eV.
Comparison of the Effects of Eccentric, Concentric, and Eccentric-Concentric Isotonic Resistance Training at Two Velocities on Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Ünlü Gürcan , Çevikol Can , Melekoğlu Tuba
Published: April 2019

Ünlü, G, Çevikol, C, and Melekoğlu, T. Comparison of the effects of eccentric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at two velocities on strength and muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 337–344, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of concentric, eccentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at both fast and slow velocities to determine whether contraction modality affects muscle strength and hypertrophy. Forty-one young, healthy males (mean age 21.1 ± 1.8 years; height 178.9 ± 6.1 cm; body mass 70.5 ± 9.8 kg; and body mass index 22.0 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) were randomly assigned for 12 weeks to 1 of 5 resistance training groups to perform leg extension exercises 3 days a week (fast-eccentric; fast-concentric [FC]; slow-eccentric [SE]; slow-concentric; and concentric-eccentric [CE], 30°·s−1 for slow and 180°·s−1 for fast contractions), or to a nontraining control group (CG). Isotonic strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), isokinetic strength (peak torque), and quadriceps femoris muscle volume were measured before and after the 12 weeks of training program. In the early phase of the training period (first 3 weeks), the 1RM values of SE, FC, and CE increased remarkably (19.70, 13.73, and 19.35%, respectively; p < 0.05). Significant increases compared with the CG were found for muscle isotonic strength (∼25–41%, p < 0.001) and isokinetic peak torque at 60°·s−1 (∼13–32%, p < 0.05) in all training groups after the 12 weeks of the training period. No statistically significant interactions between the group and time were found on isokinetic peak torques at 180°·s−1 and muscle volume. Our results, therefore, suggest that all the training modalities in our study have the potential to induce isotonic strength gain in knee extensors, and there is insufficient evidence for the superiority of any specific mode of muscle contraction or velocity.
Effects of Physical Exercise on the Expression of MicroRNAs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Iop Rodrigo da Rosa , Andrade Alexandro , Costa Vitor Pereira , Gutierres Filho Paulo José Barbosa , Silva Rudney da
Published: April 2019

Silva, FCd, Iop, RdR, Andrade, A, Costa, VP, Gutierres Filho, PJB, and Silva, Rd. Effects of physical exercise on the expression of microRNAs: A systematic review 34(1): 270–280, 2020—Studies have detected changes in the expression of miRNAs after physical exercise, which brings new insight into the molecular control of adaptation to exercise. Therefore, the objective of the current systematic review of experimental and quasiexperimental studies published in the past 10 years was to assess evidence related to acute effects, chronic effects, and both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on miRNA expression in humans, as well as its functions, evaluated in serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, or muscle biopsy. For this purpose, the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and also a manual search in references of the selected articles to April 2017. Experimental and quasiexperimental studies were included. Results indicate that, of the 345 studies retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and two articles were included as a result of the manual search. The 42 studies were analyzed, and it can be observed acute and chronic effects of physical exercises (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, athletes, young, elderly and in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with morbid obesity, prediabetic, and patients with intermittent claudication. It is safe to assume that miRNA changes, both in muscle tissues and bodily fluids, are presumably associated with the benefits induced by acute and chronic physical exercise. Thus, a better understanding of changes in miRNAs as a response to physical exercise might contribute to the development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the improvement of exercise capacity in individuals with any given disease. However, additional studies are necessary to draw accurate conclusions.
Effects of Maturation on Physical Fitness Adaptations to Plyometric Drop Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Vera-Assaoka Tiago , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Alvarez Cristian , Garcia-Pinillos Felipe , Moran Jason , Gentil Paulo , Behm David
Published: April 2019

Vera-Assaoka, T, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Alvarez, C, Garcia-Pinillos, F, Moran, J, Gentil, P, and Behm, D. Effects of maturation on physical fitness adaptations to plyometric drop jump training in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2760–2768, 2020—The objective of this study was to compare the effects of maturation on physical fitness adaptations to a twice weekly, 7-week plyometric drop jump training program. Seventy-six young male soccer players (aged 10–16 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after the intervention, a physical fitness test battery was applied (countermovement jump; drop jump from 20 to 40 cm; 5 multiple bounds test; 20-m sprint time; change of direction speed; 2.4-km running time-trial; 5 repetition maximum [RM] squat; and maximal kicking distance). Participants were randomly divided into an active soccer-control group (CG) with Tanner stage maturation of 1–3 (CG-early; n = 16) or Tanner stage 4–5 (CG-late; n = 22), and to plyometric drop jump training groups with Tanner stage 1–3 (plyometric jump training [PJT]-early; n = 16) or 4–5 (PJT-late; n = 22). The analysis of variance and effect size (ES) measures revealed that when compared with their age-matched controls, the PJT-early (ES = 0.39–1.58) and PJT-late (ES = 0.21–0.65) groups showed greater improvements (p < 0.05) in sprint time, 2.4-km running time-trial, change of direction speed, 5RM squat, jumping, and kicking distance. The PJT-early exceeded the PJT-late group with greater (p < 0.05) improvements in drop jump from 20 cm (ES = 1.58 vs. 0.51) and 40 cm (ES = 0.71 vs. 0.4) and kicking distance (ES = 0.95 vs. 0.65). Therefore, a 7-week plyometric drop jump training program was effective in improving physical fitness traits in both younger and older male youth soccer players, with greater jumping and kicking adaptations in the less-mature athletes.
Decades in Death’s Twilight
Authors: Gray Emily
Published: April 2019

The average amount of time that death row inmates spend on death row has ballooned over the past decade, and for death row inmates in the state of Texas, the entire duration of that increased time will be spent in solitary confinement. This raises the following question: Is solitary confinement now considered to be part of the punishment, one that may be worse than the death penalty itself?

This article discusses the history of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons and cites scientific literature which posits that long-term solitary confinement can cause serious psychological damage. It examines “death row syndrome,” a term that refers to the psychological illness or disorder exhibited by an inmate who has spent a prolonged period of time in harsh conditions on death row. The article reviews the Polunsky Unit, which currently houses Texas’s death row and has been described as one of the worst prisons in the United States. The article also discusses the long history of Lackey claims, which allege that prolonged confinements under a death sentence breach the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. The unresolved dissent within the Supreme Court regarding this subject is presented and discussed. This article contends that the prolonged solitary confinement of a Texas inmate on death row is a violation of the Eighth Amendment, and concludes that the only solution is to end the practice of automatic and permanent solitary confinement.
Emerging Trends from the Resentencing of Capital Offenders in Malawi
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo
Published: April 2019

In 2007, the High Court of Malawi, sitting as a constitutional court, declared that the mandatory sentence of death for murder was unconstitutional. At the time of the High Court’s invalidation of the mandatory death penalty, Malawi’s prisons had over 190 prisoners serving their sentences as a result of the imposition of the mandatory death penalty. Some of these prisoners were on death row, while others had their sentences commuted to life imprisonment. When the mandatory death penalty was declared unconstitutional, the High Court also directed that all prisoners serving their sentences for murder should be brought before the High Court so that they could receive individual sentences taking into account the circumstances of the offense, the offender, as well as the interests of the victim(s). This paper interrogates the application of the sentencing discretion that was introduced with the outlawing of the mandatory death penalty in Malawi. Specifically, the paper analyzes decisions that have emerged from the resentencing of capital offenders in so far as judges have either considered or refused to consider the relevance of post-conviction factors during the resentencing. It is this paper’s central finding that a refusal to consider post-conviction factors, as some judges held, was not only unjustified but was also contrary to Malawi’s Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code and the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi. This refusal, the paper argues, resulted in sentencing discrepancies as well as a failure to properly utilize the discretion vested in the courts for purposes of sentencing.
Emergency treatment of adrenal crisis with prednisone suppositories: a bioequivalence study in female patients with Addison’s disease
Authors: Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Bachmann Linda , Kurlbaum Max , Hahner Stefanie
Published: April 2019

Objective

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) need to adapt their glucocorticoid replacement under stressful conditions to prevent adrenal crisis (AC). Prednisone (PN) suppositories are used for emergency treatment. Pharmacokinetics of 100 mg PN suppositories after vaginal or rectal administration was evaluated.

Design

Single-center, open-label, sequence-randomized, cross-over, bioequivalence study.

Methods

Twelve females with primary AI were included. Comparison of pharmacokinetics after vaginal and rectal administration of 100 mg PN suppositories. Main outcome measures: bioequivalence (Cmax: maximum plasma concentration of prednisolone; AUC0
–360: area under the plasma concentration curve of prednisolone from administration to 360 min), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels, safety and tolerability. Comparison of ACTH-suppressive effect with subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of 100 mg hydrocortisone.

Results

Vaginal administration of PN suppositories was not bioequivalent to rectal administration: Cmax and AUC0–360 were significantly lower after vaginal compared to rectal administration: 22 ng/mL (109%) vs 161 ng/mL (28%), P < 0.001; 4390 ng/mL * min (116%) vs 40,302 ng/mL * min (26%), P < 0.001; (mean (coefficient of variation), respectively). A suppression of ACTH by >50% of baseline values was observed 149 min (32%) after rectal PN administration; after vaginal PN administration, the maximum decrease within 360 min was only 44%. Adverse events were more frequent after vaginal administration and mainly attributable to the glucocorticoid deficit due to inadequate vaginal absorption. The ACTH-suppressive effect was more pronounced after parenteral hydrocortisone compared to rectal or vaginal PN.

Conclusion

Vaginal administration of PN suppositories in the available form is not useful for prevention of AC. Pharmacokinetics after rectal use of PN show inferiority compared to available data on parenteral glucocorticoids. In adrenal emergencies, hydrocortisone injection should be the first choice.
The Role of Insulators in Transgene Transvection in Drosophila
Authors: Piwko Pawel , Vitsaki Ilektra , Livadaras Ioannis , Delidakis Christos
Published: April 2019

Precise activity of a gene requires its promoter to be matched with an appropriate enhancer. Insulators are DNA elements which can limit inappropriate enhancer-promoter interactions. More recently, their ability to stimulate gene activity has been also recognized...

Transvection is the phenomenon where a transcriptional enhancer activates a promoter located on the homologous chromosome. It has been amply documented in Drosophila where homologs are closely paired in most, if not all, somatic nuclei, but it has been known to rarely occur in mammals as well. We have taken advantage of site-directed transgenesis to insert reporter constructs into the same genetic locus in Drosophila and have evaluated their ability to engage in transvection by testing many heterozygous combinations. We find that transvection requires the presence of an insulator element on both homologs. Homotypic trans-interactions between four different insulators can support transvection: the gypsy insulator (GI), Wari, Fab-8 and 1A2; GI and Fab-8 are more effective than Wari or 1A2. We show that, in the presence of insulators, transvection displays the characteristics that have been previously described: it requires homolog pairing, but can happen at any of several loci in the genome; a solitary enhancer confronted with an enhancerless reporter is sufficient to drive transcription; it is weaker than the action of the same enhancer-promoter pair in cis, and it is further suppressed by cis-promoter competition. Though necessary, the presence of homotypic insulators is not sufficient for transvection; their position, number and orientation matters. A single GI adjacent to both enhancer and promoter is the optimal configuration. The identity of enhancers and promoters in the vicinity of a trans-interacting insulator pair is also important, indicative of complex insulator-enhancer-promoter interactions.
A Novel Icterometer for Hyperbilirubinemia Screening in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Folger Lian V. , Rahman Mahmoodur , Ahmed Salahuddin , Bably Nazmun Nahar , Schaeffer Lauren , Whelan Rachel , Panchal Pratik , Rahman Sayedur , Roy Arun Dutta , Baqui Abdullah H.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (>20 mg/dL) affects ∼1 million infants annually. Improved jaundice screening in low-income countries is needed to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy and mortality.

METHODS:

The Bili-ruler is an icterometer for the assessment of neonatal jaundice that was designed by using advanced digital color processing. A total of 790 newborns were enrolled in a validation study at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston) and Sylhet Osmani Medical College Hospital (Sylhet, Bangladesh). Independent Bili-ruler measurements were made and compared with reference standard transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations.

RESULTS:

Bili-ruler scores on the nose were correlated with TcB and TSB levels (r = 0.76 and 0.78, respectively). The Bili-ruler distinguished different clinical thresholds of hyperbilirubinemia, defined by TcB, with high sensitivity and specificity (score ≥3.5: 90.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 84.8%–95.4%] and 85.9% [95% CI: 83.2%–88.6%], respectively, for TcB ≥13 mg/dL). The Bili-ruler also performed reasonably well compared to TSB (score ≥3.5: sensitivity 84.5% [95% CI: 79.1%–90.3%] and specificity 83.2% [95% CI: 76.1%–90.3%] for TSB ≥11 mg/dL). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying TcB ≥11, ≥13, and ≥15 were 0.92, 0.93, and 0.94, respectively, and 0.90, 0.87, and 0.86 for identifying TSB ≥11, ≥13, and ≥15. Interrater reliability was high; 97% of scores by independent readers fell within 1 score of one another (N = 88).

CONCLUSIONS:

The Bili-ruler is a low-cost, noninvasive tool with high diagnostic accuracy for neonatal jaundice screening. This device may be used to improve referrals from community or peripheral health centers to higher-level facilities with capacity for bilirubin testing and/or phototherapy.
Soil chemical attributes in a high biodiversity silvopastoral system
Authors: Zin Battisti Luiz Fernando , Schmitt Filho Abdon Luiz , Loss Arcângelo , De Almeida Sinisgalli Paulo Antonio
Published: April 2019

The use of conservation managements such as the silvopastoral system, and the Voisin rational grazing system have been excellent alternatives to increase animal welfare and production efficiency and improve soil chemical attributes of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluatethe effect of a High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System (SPSNUCLEUS) on the soil chemical attributes through comparisons with soils of a Management Intensive Grazing without trees (MIG), primary forest, and secondary forest areas. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, Al, H+Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P were evaluated after four years of implementation of SPSNUCLEUS. Soil samples from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm were collected in all areas—SPSNUCLEUS, MIG, primary forest, and secondary forest. SPSNUCLEUS had better soil quality, with increased P and K contents (0-30 cm), compared to the other areas, and higher total organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents (5-30 cm) when compared to the MIG and secondary forest areas. The soil carbon accumulation capacity in the SPSNUCLEUS area in the layers of 5-10 cm and 20-40 cm was similar to that of the primary forest area, and higher to those of the other areas. SPSNUCLEUS proved to be a promising system to improve the soil chemical attributes of pastures.
Building basic visual perceptions of students of pedagogy unprepared for communicating with visual arts
Authors: Tineva-Gyurkovska Katya , Zlateva Ani
Published: April 2019

This research contains certain pedagogical problems concerning the basic visual perceptions of the students from the pre-school and primary school education specialty at the Faculty of Education in Trakya University, reviewed on theoretical and analytical level. People studying to become primary school teachers are expected to teach the subject Art in their future pedagogical carrier, but they are often unprepared for communicating with the visual arts. They don't have former knowledge in this area. That is why the aims of this article are connected to presenting the real "picture" of their level of perception when in touch with pieces of art in a museum environment. The stages of understanding, perceiving and free usage of the Art terminology are being tracked. 
Two aspects are concerned in theoretical plan: Ideas of some of the greatest Art theoreticians concerning the stages of development of the visual perceptions, viewed from artistic, psychological and pedagogical point of view. How students can assimilate and apply them in direct communication with visual arts. The article marks the meaning, role and place of Art galleries and museums in the pedagogical process of future and current teachers and art pedagogues. 
On empirical level this article systematizes the problems connected with the methodology of Fine Arts education, and more specifically with this part, related to the application of their knowledge of theory, art history and interpretation of pieces of art. Based on this pedagogical analysis the article makes some important conclusions for the level of competence and abilities to assimilate objects connected to the visual arts.
Using strategies for increasing the effectiveness in foreign-language teaching
Authors: Dimitrova Zhelyazkova Zltaka
Published: April 2019

The main objective of modern language learning is to improve the communicative competence of the learners. The striving for enhancing the effectiveness of language learning aims to ensure that each student, besides basic training (acqiusition of the taught vocabulary, correct pronunciation, spelling, etc.), also has access to information, skills to select, systemize, use and understand its application. The use of communicative strategies in studying the new language puts learners in an active position, encourages them to engage in productive learning, to form cognitive, communicative and social skills, and above all to be active participants in the process od learning which is characterized mainly by interaction, collaboration and use of a variety of techniques to facilitate the perception and acquisition of the studied content. The modern teacher faces the necessity to constantly seek new modern and innovative training and teaching methods which are interesting and meet the linguistic needs of the learners, to provide them with the conditions and equip them with the means for independence and advancement, achieved on the basis of already acquired knowledge and learning strategies.
IN TECHNO-SPHERE SECONDARY CIRCUITS
Authors: Lazimov Tahir , Gahramanova Samira
Published: April 2019

Electromagnetic compatibility in techno-sphere used to be evaluated by the magnitude of longitudinal electromotive force induced in secondary circuits (automation, communication, relay protection, telemechanics, railway alarm and high-voltage interlock and other ones). Subsequent experience has shown insufficiency of such an evaluation because that providing permissible or even lesser values of voltages induced in secondary circuit could not always prevent damages of their elements. Generally speaking, design of secondary circuits and their elements based on taking into consideration just permissible induced voltages cannot provide electromagnetic compatibility especially at transitional modes of primary circuits (short circuits, lightning stroke etc). So there have been working some new approaches to the problem via taking into consideration dissipation of so called influence energy (i.e. additional energy appeared in the secondary circuit due to transition taken place in the primary circuit). This paper presents a new method to evaluate dissipation of influence energy in techno-sphere’s secondary circuits. The method is based on the integration of complex density of the current amplitude. A formula for determination dissipated energy for the case of rectangular pulse got in the paper expresses it via current, resistance and pulse’s duration.
A serdülőkori pszichológiai jóllét multidimenzionális mérőeszköze: Az EPOCH kérdőív magyar változatának (EPOCH-H) pszichometriai jellemzői
Authors: Láng András
Published: April 2019

Elméleti háttér

A pszichológiai jóllét a pozitív pszichológia egyik legfontosabb kutatási területe. Az elmúlt tíz évben tapasztalható fejlődést az elméleti modellek területén a mérőeszközök is követik. Ugyanakkor serdülőkorban még életkorilag nem várható el a pszichológiai jóllét összetevőinek teljes kibomlása. Erre a kihívásra ad választ az Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness Measure (EPOCH kérdőív).

Cél

A vizsgálat célja az EPOCH kérdőív magyar adaptálása volt. Ennek során a magyarra fordított kérdőív strukturális megbízhatóságát, konkurrens, diszkrimináns és inkrementális validitását vizsgálatuk.

Módszer

A vizsgálatban 758, 14–19 év közötti középiskolás vett részt. Szülői beleegyezés után egy kérdőívcsomagot töltöttek ki, amely az EPOCH kérdőív magyar fordításán kívül általános jóllétet, élettel való elégedettséget, szükségletkielégítettséget és általános kötődést mérő kérdőíveket tartalmazott.

Eredmények

A konfirmatív (megerősítő) faktorelemzés alapján adataink jól illeszkedtek az eredeti modellel azonos ötfaktoros struktúrához. Az egyéb kérdőívekkel mutatott átlagosan közepes erősségű korrelációs együtthatók alapján elmondhatjuk, hogy az EPOCH-H kérdőív dimenziói megfelelő mértékben vágnak egybe és térnek el a jóllét hagyományosan mért mutatóitól. Az EPOCH-H kérdőív dimenziói a hagyományos jóllétmutatók hatását kontrollálva is szignifikáns kapcsolatot mutattak az általános kötődés és a pszichológiai szükséglet-kielégítettség dimenzióival.

Következtetések

Az EPOCH-H kérdőív egy életkorilag adekvát, a nemzetközi főáram elméleti modelljeihez jól illeszkedő mérőeszközt kínál azon kutatóknak, akik a serdülők jóllétét önkitöltős eszközzel és több dimenzió mentén kívánják vizsgálni.
Review of attachment interventions in eating disorders: Implications for psychotherapy
Authors: Szalai Tamás Dömötör
Published: April 2019

Background

Attachment theory has been used in personalized treatments since decades. It is a major framework for understanding images of the self, affect regulation, reflective functions and interpersonal relationships. The improvement of attachment functioning is associated with positive treatment outcomes in eating disorders. However, attachment interventions have not been summarized in their psychotherapy.

Aims

The aim was to review the relevance of attachment features in the psychotherapy of eating disorders.

Methods

A literature review was carried out for empirical review and case studies, using the terms “eating disorder” and “attachment” from 1987 until 2017. From the 320 matches, 50 relevant studies were integrated into this review.

Results

The relationship between dysfunctional attachment and eating disorders could be conceptualized in seven ways, including transgenerational transmissions and mediator personality traits. Attachment can mediate between early experiences and adult symptoms, between intra- and interpersonal experiences, or may moderate the relationship between the risk factors and maladaptive eating. Attachment features also display a direct relationship with eating disorders, or may underlie their maintaining mechanisms. Nine psychotherapeutically relevant mediator factors could be identified, namely the patient’s self-concept and emotion-regulation, the conflation of self-esteem and body satisfaction, a sensitive interpersonal style, levels of perfectionism, depression, alexithymia, mentalization and reflective functions.

Conclusions

The assessment of attachment dysfunctions in the individual symptomatology may facilitate personalized case models. For patients with severe attachment dysfunctions, multimodal psychotherapies targeting the described focal points could be recommended. Randomized, controlled studies are required to test the efficacy of the interventions summarized, and to determine indications.
The Use of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Anatomy Teaching
Authors: Heather Amy , Chinnah Tudor , Devaraj Vikram
Published: April 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background - There is a demand for new and efficient tools to teach anatomical sciences. Rapid developments in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) mean educational use of the technology is becoming increasingly viable. However, uptake of this technology in anatomy teaching is still limited. This brief review aims to examine the effectiveness of VR/AR in anatomy teaching and includes evaluation of: head mounted devices (HMDs), stereoscopic projectors and screens, AR Magic Mirrors and AR Magic Books. Methods - PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from 2013 to 29th June 2018. Results - Students' academic performance was equal to or better than control methods for all four types of technology. All studies found high levels of student satisfaction for VR/AR teaching methods. Discussion - Various confounding factors and the large heterogeneity between studies are likely to have a major impact on results. Further research into the depth and longevity of learning in the different teaching methods, as well as their cost-effectiveness, would be beneficial for prospective institutions.
CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON CLOGGING OF DRIP EMITTERS
Authors: Gonçalves Dayane Rodrigues , Medeiros Pedro Robinson , Teles Elton Vieira , Santos Gabiane Souza , Nascimento Roberto Castro , Fernandes Francisco Max
Published: April 2019

CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON CLOGGING OF DRIP EMITTERS

 

 

DAYANE RODRIGUES GONÇALVES1; PEDRO RÓBINSON FERNANDES DE MEDEIROS1; ELTON CARLOS PEREIRA VIEIRA DE ALENCAR TELES1; GABIANE SOUZA DOS SANTOS1; ROBERTO CASTRO NASCIMENTO1 E FRANCISCO MAX FERNANDES DO NASCIMENTO2

 

1Colegiado de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510, Country Club, CEP: 48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: pedro.fernandes@univasf.edu.br

2Colegiado de Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510, Country Club, CEP: 48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: eng.maxfernandes@outlook.com

 

 

1 ABSTRACT

 

The localized irrigation systems are most suitable to fertigation uses, when compared to sprinkle, but are affected by the clogging of drip emitters, influencing the uniformity of the irrigation system. This study aims to analyze the susceptibility of on-line drippers under fertigation with single superphosphate to the clogging. This study was done at the Irrigation Laboratory of UNIVASF, Juazeiro-BA campus, Brazil. Two on-line non-pressure compensating drippers with different flow rates were used, both with the same operating pressure (150 kPa). The parameters analyzed were mean flow, relative flow rate, standard deviation, coefficient of flow rate variation, the CUC, DU, SUC and HUC, and clogging degree. The results show that the concentration used for single superphosphate showed no risk of clogging of the drip emitters during system runtime.

 

Keyworks: drip irrigation system, non-pressure compensating drippers, application efficiency

 

 

GONÇALVES, D. R.; MEDEIROS, P. R. F.; TELES, E. C. P. V. A.; SANTOS, G. S.; NASCIMENTO, R. C.; NASCIMENTO, F. M. F.

CONCENTRAÇÃO DE SUPERFOSFATO SIMPLES NA OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES

 

 

2 RESUMO

 

Os sistemas de irrigação localizada são os mais indicados para uso na fertirrigação quando comparado com a aspersão, porém são afetados pela obstrução influenciando na uniformidade dos mesmos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a susceptibilidade ao entupimento de gotejadores tipo online sob fertirrigação com superfosfato simples. Esse trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Irrigação da UNIVASF, campus Juazeiro- BA. Foram utilizados dois emissores do tipo gotejadores online não autocompensantes com diferentes vazões, ambos com a mesma pressão de serviço (150 kPa). Avaliou- se os parâmetros vazão média, vazão relativa, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação de vazão, os coeficientes CUC, CUD, CUE e CUH e grau de entupimento. Os resultados demonstram que a concentração utilizada de superfosfato simples não apresentou riscos de obstrução dos emissores durante o tempo de funcionamento do sistema.

 

Palavras chave: irrigação localizada, gotejadores não compensados, eficiência de aplicação
Moral Orthoses: A New Approach to Human and Machine Ethics
Authors: Wilks Yorick
Published: April 2019

I argue that both human and machine actions are more opaque than is generally realized and that the actions of both require explanation that an ethical orthosis might provide as aspects of artificial Companions for both human and machine actors. These explanations might well be closer to ethical accounts based on moral sentiment or emotion in the tradition of the primacy of sentiment over reason in this area of human and machine action.
Nicolas de Condorcet and the First Intelligence Explosion Hypothesis
Authors: Prasad Mahendra
Published: April 2019

The intelligence explosion hypothesis (for example, a technological singularity) is roughly the hypothesis that accelerating knowledge and technological growth radically changes humanity. While 20th‐century figures are commonly credited as the first discoverers of the hypothesis, I assert that Nicolas de Condorcet, the 18th‐century mathematician, is the earliest to (1) mathematically model an intelligence explosion, and (2) present an accelerating historical worldview, and (3) make intelligence explosion predictions that were restated centuries later. Condorcet provides insights on how ontology and social choice can help resolve value alignment.
Place Your Bets: The Future of Voice Interfaces to Intelligent Assistants
Authors: Welty Chris , Aroyo Lora , Horvitz Eric
Published: April 2019

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions, in the form of bets, about the future of AI. While it is easy to make broad, generalized, or off‐the‐cuff predictions about the future, it is more difficult to develop predictions that are carefully thought out, concrete, and measurable. This forum was created to help researchers craft predictions whose accuracy can be clearly and unambiguously judged when the bets come due. The bets will be documented both online and regularly in this column. We encourage bets that are rigorously and scientifically argued. We discourage bets that are too general to be evaluated or too specific to an individual or institution. The goal is not to continue to feed the media frenzy and outsized pundit predictions about AI, but rather to curate and promote bets whose outcomes will provide useful feedback to the scientific community. For detailed guidelines and to place bets, visit sciencebets.org.
VENOUS AND ARTERIAL ACID-BASE ANALYSIS OF MAGELLANIC PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS), AWAKE AND ANESTHETIZED BY ISOFLURANE
Authors: Pereira Dutra Gustavo Henrique , Souza Araujo Giuliano , da Silva André Nicolai Elias , Nascimento Cristiane Lassalvia , Carregaro Adriano Bonfim
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to compare the venous acid-base status of healthy awake versus anesthetized Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). Ten nonanesthetized penguins were manually restrained, and a venous blood sample was collected. Six of these penguins were anesthetized by 2% isoflurane and, after an anesthetic stabilization period, both venous and arterial blood samples were simultaneously withdrawn. Using an i-STAT analyzer, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), pH, standard bicarbonate concentration (HCO3–), total carbon dioxide (ctCO2), oxygen saturation (SO2), base excess (BE), Na+, and K+ levels were measured in venous blood samples of awake (Gawake) penguins and in venous (Gven) and arterial blood (Gart) samples of anesthetized penguins. There were no significant differences between groups in pH, BE, or Na+. Venous carbon dioxide pressure, HCO3–, and venous ctCO2 were higher in Gven than Gawake penguins, whereas PCO2 was higher in Gven than Gart penguins. PO2 and SO2 were higher in the Gart group than in the other groups. Both venous and arterial blood samples may be used to evaluate the acid-base profile of Magellanic penguins.
Effects of packing density and water film thickness on fresh and hardened properties of ternary cement pastes
Authors: Marchetti Guillermina , Irassar Edgardo Fabián , Rahhal Viviana Fátima
Published: April 2019

Optimisation of the packing density of cementitious materials by the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a way of obtaining the same service properties with less embodied energy and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, ternary cement pastes containing metakaolin (MK) and limestone filler (LF) finer than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were studied to evaluate the effects of these SCMs on packing density and water film thickness (WFT). The flowability of the pastes at different water to cementitious material ratios by volume ((w/cm)v = 0·5 to 1·0) was evaluated by mini-slump and Marsh cone tests to evaluate the opposite effects caused by the incorporation of finer particles (increase of free water to lubricate the particles due to higher packing and increase of specific surface area). The incorporation of LF and MK increased the flowability when (w/cm)v was increased over the optimum water demand corresponding to the maximum packing density. The rheological properties of the pastes were primarily dominated by the relative solid packing fraction and the flowability was found to be mainly governed by the WFT. The incorporation of finer particles accelerated the setting time. The reactive particles (OPC and MK) can be replaced by LF up to 20% to obtain a similar compressive strength, as validated by Powers’ model.
Queensferry Crossing, UK: durability, maintenance, inspection and monitoring
Authors: Riches Oliver , Hill Chris , Baralos Paul
Published: April 2019

The new Queensferry Crossing in Scotland, UK, is a durable structure designed to minimise degradation and withstand the challenging environment of the Forth estuary. High-performance materials, rigorous compliance testing and advanced protective measures have been employed to this end. An effective, integrated monitoring, inspection and maintenance system was developed to facilitate early intervention and maintain the bridge in a sustainable condition. A range of access facilities, including motorised gantries, shuttle trains and mechanical lifts have been provided to ensure safe and effective access, within touching distance, to all internal and external surfaces. An advanced structural health monitoring system has been installed to monitor the condition and integrity of the bridge, allowing rapid evaluation of structural integrity after extreme events and the identification of changes in condition over time.
Possibility of impervious coating for the geotechnical reuse of soil and solid waste
Authors: Inazumi Shinya , Shishido Ken-ichi , Soralump Suttisak
Published: April 2019

Impervious coating treatment is an original technology which consists of coating of soil and solid waste by particle units with an impervious coating material (a sealing material) containing water-absorbent polymers. The elution of attached substances, such as heavy metals, from the surface of soil particles is suppressed. This is because each particle is uniformly coated with the sealing material. Furthermore, because the sealing material swells, due to the absorption of pore water, and fills the void spaces of the soil and solid waste, the water interception performance of the treated soil can be expected to improve. Through laboratory experiments, this study evaluated the basic characteristics, such as the elution of heavy metals and hydraulic conductivity, of soil and solid waste that have been treated with an impervious coating in order to investigate their reutilisation.
Marketplace Lending and Consumer Credit Outcomes: Evidence from Prosper
Authors: Dore Tim , Mach Traci
Published: April 2019

In 2005, Prosper launched the first peer-to-peer lending website in the US, allowing for consumers to apply for and receive loans entirely online. To understand the effect of this new credit source, we match application-level data from Prosper to credit bureau data. Post application, borrowers' credit scores increase and their credit card utilization rates fall relative to non-borrowers in the short run. In the longer run, total debt levels for borrowers are higher that of non-borrowers. Differences in mortgage debt are particularly large and increasing over time. Despite increased debt levels relative to non-borrowers, delinquency rates for borrowers are significantly lower.
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЕМ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Golikova G V , Verbitskaya S I , Parhaeva I A
Published: April 2019

Цель: работа посвящена исследованию теоретических основ основополагающих направлений в системе управления человеческими ресурсами, таким как оценка эффективности обучения и развития. Изучение модели процесса обучения и развития человеческого капитала образовательного учреждения. Обсуждение: система управления человеческими ресурсами в регионе сегодня находятся в развивающемся состоянии и требуют дополнительных исследований. Результаты: предлагаем систему целей формирования и развития человеческого капитала, сформированную для учреждений сферы профессионального образования. Изучив модель процесса обучения и развития человеческого капитала образовательного учреждения, нами были сформулированы наиболее общие методологические принципы, которые могут быть дополнены с учетом специфики учреждения профессионального образования и индивидуальных особенностей носителей человеческого капитала.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ В ИНТЕРНЕТ-СРЕДЕ
Authors: Golikova G V
Published: April 2019

Цель: работа посвящена особенностям управления проектами в сети Интернет. Обсуждение: в предположении считается, что основу выбора, оценки эффективности и реализации проектов в сети Интернет положены базовые постулаты проектного подхода с его неотъемлемыми специфическими системными элементами и законами. Результаты: выявлены и обоснованы базовые показатели для расчета эффективности реализации проектов в сети Интернет, а именно: коэффициент конверсии, стоимость привлечения посетителя на сайт, рентабельность инвестиций и др.
ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Kudinov I O
Published: April 2019

Цель: анализируется процесс развития взаимоотношений между государством и предпринимателями на территории современной Российской Федерации от уголовного преследования во времена Советского Союза до возведения развития предпринимательства в ранг приоритетной задачи на федеральном уровне. Обсуждение: выявлены основные причины и предпосылки к быстрому радикальному изменению взаимоотношений государства и предпринимательства. Результаты: проанализированы основные результаты государственной поддержки предпринимательства в Российской Федерации и выявленные задачи, которые предстоит решить в будущем.
АНАЛИЗ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЙ НА ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНУЮ СРЕДУ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНА
Authors: Borovskaya L V
Published: April 2019

Цель: в статье исследуются особенности взаимодействия институциональных трансформаций на институциональную среду и социально- экономическое развитие региона на примере Республики Крым. Обсуждение: если один регион переходит из одной институциональной среды в другую, и более того, становится частью другого государства, возникает ряд проблем, которые можно описать с помощью методологического аппарата институциональной экономической теории – необходимость подстройки существующей институциональной среды под новые условия и требования, характерные для нового состояния, достаточно резкое изменение институциональной среды приводит к дополнительным трансакционным затратам, которые могут привести к дефициту имеющихся финансовых ресурсов и формированию бюджетных дисбалансов, что проявилось и в Республике Крым. Побочным процессом институциональных трансформаций являются многочисленные запреты, санкции и ограничения, связанные либо с непризнанием независимости Республики Крым и последующего включением ее в состав Российской Федерации, либо с введением санкций против конкретных физических и юридических лиц, осуществляющих свою деятельность, в том числе и на территории республики. Результаты: проведена классификация санкций в отношении Республики Крым. Определено влияние санкционных ограничений на трансформационные процессы. Выявлены такие виды трансформаций, как полная и частичная, на уровне государства или региона.
МОНИТОРИНГ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: Golikova G V , Mrаev M V , Golikov V K
Published: April 2019

Цель: работа посвящена мониторингу реализации региональных инвестиционных проектов в Воронежской области. Обсуждение: в предположении считается, что для экономического развития Воронежской области в долгосрочной перспективе необходимо особое внимание уделять проектному управлению в региональной экономике, которое является основой эффективного развития региона в современных условиях развития экономики. Результаты: проведен анализ реализуемых инвестиционных проектов на территории Воронежской области, а также инвестиционных вложений, реализованных инвестиционных проектов в регионе.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОРТФЕЛЯ МАРКОВИЦА В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ ФИНАНСОВОГО РЫНКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ФРАКТАЛЬНОЙ ГИПОТЕЗЫ
Authors: Kosareva E A
Published: April 2019

Цель: показать, что инвестиционный портфель как инструмент фундаментального анализа может быть эффективно использован в техническом анализе в условиях гипотезы фрактального рынка на примере портфеля Марковица. Обсуждение: инвестиционный портфель представляет собой инструмент фундаментального анализа. Однако развитие теории финансовых рынков, появление и становление гипотезы фрактального рынка поставило новую задачу – интеграция инструментов фундаментального и технического анализа. В условиях фрактальной гипотезы цена одного актива в разных инвестиционных горизонтах может быть рассмотрена как совокупность активов. Поэтому инвестиционный портфель может быть рассмотрен теперь не как совокупность разных активов, а как инвестиция в один актив на разных инвестиционных горизонтах. Автором было показано, что подобная интеграция возможна не только теоретически, но и доказана на практике. Результаты: статья содержит расчеты, доказывающие, что портфель Марковица может быть использован в техническом анализе в условиях фрактальной гипотезы.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМИ В РЕГИОНЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОЕКТНОГО И МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО ПОДХОДОВ
Authors: Belavina M N , Golikova G V , Mrаev M V
Published: April 2019

Цель: работа посвящена исследованию теоретических основ управления изменениями в регионе: сущности, функциям, подходам и факторам, влияющим на управление изменениями в регионе. Обсуждение: теоретические основы управления изменениями в регионе сегодня находятся в развивающемся состоянии и требуют дополнительных исследований. Результаты: обобщена трактовка сущности управления изменениями в регионе, дополнен состав функций управления изменениями в регионе и факторов, влияющих на управление изменениями. Предложен комбинированный подход, основанный на одновременном использовании проектного и маркетингового подходов, к управлению изменениями в регионе.