bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artemis-SLS emberes Hold-expedíciós program
Authors: Horváth András Ferenc
Published: April 2021

1961-ben, az akkor már 4 éve tartó szovjet–amerikai űrverseny újabb fordulójaként, John Fitzgerald Kennedy amerikai elnök meghirdette az Apollo–Saturn Hold-expedíciós űrprogramot. A szovjetek, a Zond–N1 űrrepülés során szintén készültek a Holdra szállásra. Az amerikaiaknak a sikeres Apollo Saturn kísérletekkel sikerült átvenniük a vezetést az oroszoktól. A tanulmány aktualitását az a bejelentés adja, hogy 2019-ben, az Artemis program keretében, Donald Trump amerikai elnök meghirdette a visszatérést a Holdra.
A Magyarország területén lehetséges drónalapú támadások szakmai és biztonsági kérdései
Authors: Ozsváth Sándor
Published: April 2021

A drón alkalmazáson alapuló eljárások fejlődése során nemcsak a gazdasági élet szereplői előtt nyílhatnak meg új területek, hanem a nemzetközi terrorszervezetek is új típusú terrorcselekményeket hajthatnak végre. A hagyományos biztonsági struktúrákon túlmutatva, ezeknek a támadásoknak a kivédése mind technológiai, mind titkosszolgálati vonatkozásban új kihívásokat jelent.
A Metafísica Poética de Machado de Assis e a sua relação com a filosofia brasileira
Authors: Martins Alex Lara
Published: April 2021

A ficção de Machado de Assis possui vocação filosófica. O objetivo deste artigo é rastrear, a partir de sua obra poética, os elementos filosóficos de uma visão estética de mundo que se torna, na maturidade, cética e pessimista. Na primeira parte, analisam-se as poesias da juventude de Machado que apresentam temas marcadamente cristãos, cujos fundamentos teóricos partem da concepção teológica agostiniana que congregava as duas perspectivas adotadas pelo poeta: o ecletismo romântico e a escatologia soteriológica. Essa concepção teológica é construída de maneira indireta por meio da recepção dos Pensamentos de Pascal. A hipótese é de que a Machado pensa a poesia como uma estratégia metafísica de acesso à verdade. Na segunda parte, considera-se o desenvolvimento deste pensamento ficcional no contexto da filosofia brasileira oitocentista. A filosofia pascaliana é o eixo ao redor do qual os intelectuais brasileiros respondem a questões de ordem política, religiosa e econômica. Discute-se, ao fim, como Machado de Assis reconfigura, em sua obra de juventude, as suas três principais influências: Chateaubriand, Pelletan e Monte Alverne.
The protective effect of p-coumaric acid on toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Sahindokuyucu-Kocasarı Fatma , Erdemli-Kose Selinay Basak , Erol Zeki , Garlı Simge
Published: April 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 in each group, were used. 4 groups were formed as control, toluene, p-CA and toluene+p-CA. Animals in the control group, toluene group and p-CA group were given 0.9% NaCl, 0.9 mg/kg b.w toluene and 100 mg/kg b.w p-CA orally for 21 days, respectively. The animals in toluene+p-CA group were received p-CA for 3 days and from day 4, toluene and p-CA were applied together daily until day 25. On the 25th day, the study was terminated, blood and tissue samples were collected. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels in serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the tissue samples were determined. Results. In this study, it was determined that there were significant increases in ALT and AST activities, and creatinine levels in toluene-induced group compared to control group. Moreover, there was a decrease in the GSH-Px activities and GSH levels, and an increase in the MDA levels compared to the control group. However, in the toluene+p-CA group, significant decreases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and MDA levels, and significant increases in GSH-Px activities and GSH levels were determined compared to the toluene group. Conclusions. It has been determined that p-CA has a protective effect against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
EL CONCEPTO DE ANISOMORFISMOS CULTURAL EN EL ÁMBITO JURÍDICO: CONCEPTO Y APLICACIONES TRADUCTOLÓGICAS SOBRE LA LEGISLACIÓN ESPAÑOLA EN COMPARACIÓN CON LA MARROQUÍ
Authors: Karim Hasna
Published: April 2021

En este artículo pretendemos hacer hincapié en la relevancia de la documentación para resolver problemas relacionados con la traducción de anisomorfismos culturales en textos jurídicos (árabe-español / español-árabe).
ASPECTOS ETNOLINGÜÍSTICOS DEL REFRÁN IRAQUÍ: LAS PROFESIONES TRADICIONALES
Authors: Mahdi Jasim
Published: April 2021

El desarrollo de la sociedad tecnológica en la que vivimos, y el desplazamiento desde un modo de vida rural hacia uno urbano, han supuesto un cambio social radical en muchas comunidades. Esta transformación ha afectado, entre otros, al ámbito laboral. En este sentido, la lengua en general, y los refranes en particular, se consideran un recurso histórico útil para conservar huellas vivas de la cultura y la civilización de cualquier nación. Nuestro objetivo es acercarnos a la cultura iraquí a través de su paremiología, y en especial, la vida laboral, incluido el papel de la mujer, y los oficios tradicionales tal como permanecen en los refranes propios de la lengua árabe iraquí.
COMUNICACIÓN INTERCULTURAL Y NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA DEL ÑUHÚ: LA SEÑALIZACIÓN MULTILINGÜE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA
Authors: Figueroa-Saavedra Ruiz Miguel , García Ángeles Guillermo
Published: April 2021

En 2011 se hizo un proyecto para elaborar una señalización multilingüe de los espacios de uso de la comunidad estudiantil de la Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural. En su sede de la Huasteca la lengua ñuhú (otomí) fue considerada como parte de las lenguas terminología normalizada que permitiera rotular los espacios universitarios. En 2013 se evalúo el impacto y alcance de esta acción de integración, actualización y normalización lingüística, arrojando resultados interesantes sobre los procesos de neología y apropiación en el uso de un lenguaje universitario entre los ñuhuhablantes.
ANÁLISIS DE LA TRADUCCIÓN DEL VIDEOJUEGO TO THE MOON POR PARTE DE FANS
Authors: César del Amo Iris
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analizará el caso especial del videojuego para PC To the moon y el nuevo mundo que abre ante el sector. To the moon tan solo se ha comercializado de forma online; ya sea esta u otra la razón, las traducciones del juego a diferentes idiomas se han llevado a cabo por parte de fans. Por ello, se estudiarán las diferentes dificultades que presenta la traducción del videojuego, es decir, la traducción de referentes culturales, de variación lingüística, eufemismos y lenguaje soez y humor, de modo que podamos tener una imagen clara de cómo los fans han resuelto estos problemas y si realmente lo han llevado a cabo con éxito.
LES PRESSES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ D’OTTAWA : TRADUCTION, TRADUCTOLOGIE ET OEUVRES TRADUITES (1971-2015)
Authors: Fiola Marco A.
Published: April 2021

Cet article bibliographique porte sur des ouvrages publiés en français et en anglais aux Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa (Canada), depuis 1971 jusqu’à nos jours. Il s’agit des oeuvres traduites et des ouvrages sur la traduction ou la traductologie contenus dans le catalogue en ligne des Presses. L’article comprend une tentative de typologie des titres, de même qu’un tableau synthétique présentant le nombre d’ouvrages dans chaque catégorie et le nombre de titres de chaque catégorie publiés annuellement depuis 1971.
LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA INTERACCIÓN EN EL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE DE LA TRADUCCIÓN
Authors: Ortiz Lovillo María del Pilar , Hernández Alarcón Magdalena
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se describe la importancia de la interacción en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la traducción; el trabajo es producto de una investigación que se llevó a cabo en el doctorado en Ciencias del Lenguaje, de la Universidad Veracruzana. El estudio consistió en realizar un análisis microgenético del proceso de traducción del francés al español de un cuento clásico: Le Petit Chaperon Rouge, de Charles Perrault, por un grupo de estudiantes del Seminario de Traducción, que se imparte en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación, de nuestra casa de estudios. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la interacción con el adulto experimentado facilita el proceso de aprendizaje de la traducción, por lo que la interacción social es indispensable para el desarrollo cognitivo.
LA REINVENCIÓN DEL IDIOMA: MULTILINGÜISMO E INTERCULTURALIDAD EN SANDRA CISNEROS
Authors: Van Hecke An
Published: April 2021

Este artículo enfoca el multilingüismo en la narrativa de la autora chicana Sandra Cisneros. Se analiza de qué manera el español aparece en The House on Mango Street (1984), Woman Hollering Creek (1991) y Caramelo or Puro Cuento (2002). Hay una evolución importante que va de una casi ausencia del español en la primera obra a una presencia mucho más destacada en la última. Caramelo se distingue por los múltiples cambios de código y una gran variedad de estrategias de autotraducción. Esta evolución lingüística refleja la difícil construcción de identidad en una autora que escribe entre dos culturas.
TRADUCCIÓN Y ADAPTACIÓN DE REFERENTES CULTURALES EN LA LITERATURA DE GÉNERO FANTÁSTICO DEL FRANCÉS HACIA EL ESPAÑOL
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Manuel Cristóbal , Ortega Arjonilla Emilio
Published: April 2021

Los referentes culturales sin referente real son un elemento característico de las novelas de fantasía. No obstante, la traducción de estos elementos variará de acuerdo a diferentes aspectos, como pueden ser la carga semántica o relevancia en la trama, por ejemplo, de dichos referentes. Así, este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto los diferentes condicionantes que pueden rodear estos referentes, y proponer tras su análisis una estrategia de traducción justificada. Se pretende, además, resaltar la importancia de la correcta traducción de referentes culturales no antropónimos para una mayor ambientación y adecuación al público receptor español.
«ELEGÍA DE T. GRAY, ESCRITA EN EL CEMENTERIO DE UNA IGLESIA DE ALDEA» (1843): ANÁLISIS PRAGMÁTICO-COGNITIVO
Authors: Villa Jiménez Rosalía
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se va a analizar la traducción del célebre poema prerromántico «Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard» de Thomas Gray, llevada a cabo por José de Urcullu, traductor de principios del siglo XIX. Para ello, se recurrirá al enfoque pragmático-cognitivo de la traducción propuesto por Ernst-August Gutt (1989), que radica en el Principio cognitivo de Relevancia de Dan Sperber y Deirdre Wilson (1986). En concreto, se estudiará aquellos recursos interpretativos a los que el traductor recurre para, primero, inferir y después, comunicar al receptor meta las mismas proposiciones y semejantes explicaturas e implicaturas de las que se nutre el texto de partida.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Staff Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals of Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors:   Lecturer, Kailash Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumari Krishna
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Compassion fatigue among midwives has gained interest over the past decade. Midwives in general are exposed to the risk of Compassion Fatigue (CF), Burnout (BO) and low levels of Compassion Satisfaction (CS). Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among staff nurses working in selected hospital of Gautam Buddh Nagar. Objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Gautam Buddh Nagar and to determine association between compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and selected demographic variables. Methods: A non-experimental descriptive survey design was used for the study. Sample size consisted of 50 midwives by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by administering the standardized questionnaire i.e. Professional Quality of Life Scale (Pro QOL) by interview technique. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Result revealed that majority of midwives 43 (86%) had average level of compassion fatigue, 33 (66%) midwife nurses had average level of burnout, only 16 (32%) midwife nurses had high level of compassion satisfaction. The prevalence of compassion satisfaction mean score was 38.12, mean percent score was 76.24, median score was 39, and SD score was 5.92 among the midwives. There was no significant association between the compassion fatigue and demographic variables but significant association between the burnout level and monthly family income and also between compassion satisfaction level and area of work of midwife nurses at the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: According to this study, majority of midwives had average level of CF and BO. So, midwives need support and educational training programs to decrease the compassion fatigue and burnout.
Case analysis of energy consumption of the existing office building in the severe cold region
Authors: Chuan Ma , Jiajia Liu , Guangfu Cui , Manglink R.N.
Published: April 2021

With the relevant requirements of energy-saving and green buildings put forward by our country, carrying out the building energy consumption analysis is the premise and foundation of implementing energy-saving improvement of the existing buildings. Nowadays, modern office buildings, whose energy consumption structure and proportion are relatively stable, are widely used. The energy review work of an existing office building in severe cold region is carried out. Investigation and statistics on the general situation of buildings, the general situation of energy consumption and water system consumption and the total energy consumption are implemented. Based on the audit, the energy consumption situation and characteristics in a certain year are analysed. According to the characteristics of energy-using structure, the energy-saving potential of buildings is analysed, and the reasonable energy-saving opinions and suggestions are proposed to provide theoretical support for the energy-saving management of office buildings in severe cold areas.
Stochastic orders for a multivariate Pareto distribution
Authors: Catana Luigi-Ionut
Published: April 2021

In this article we give some theoretical results for equivalence between different stochastic orders of some kind multivariate Pareto distribution family. Weak multivariate orders are equivalent or imply different stochastic orders between extremal statistics order of two random variables sequences. The random variables in this article are not neccesary independent.
Algorithms for Railway Embedded Control Devices for Safety Manoeuvres
Authors: Beinaroviča Anna , Gorobetz Mikhail , Alps Ivars
Published: April 2021

This study is dedicated to solve manoeuvres making task while working on the station with no marshalling hump. It is part of the project aimed at the development of intelligent safety and optimal control systems of autonomous electric vehicles and transport in general. The main manoeuvres safety depends on the lack of items and other objects on the rails as well as on the position of turnouts. In most cases rails, occupied with other wagons, as well as the wrong position of turnouts are marked with prohibiting red or blue signals of the traffic light. The authors propose an algorithm for the traffic light recognition by using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and traffic light indicator recognition. However, the situation when the locomotive needs to drive on the rails occupied with other wagons, for example, during the manoeuvres on the railway station can also appear. For this purpose, the authors have developed a CNN algorithm for the wagon recognition on the rails.
Correlation of the Local Projection System with the National System
Authors: Filip Larisa Ofelia , Cucăilă Simona
Published: April 2021

In areas with border extension (localities, mining areas, hydrotechnics, etc.) it is advisable to establish the positions of the points in a local system, the methods used being simpler and the results more precise. However, it is necessary to transcalculate the coordinates from the local system to the national projection system. A transcalculation method is assumed to ensure efficiency and accuracy.
Distinctions and terms of soft financing to Russia's agricultural enterprises
Authors: NAMINOVA Kermen A.
Published: April 2021

Subject. Under the current circumstances, the State and commercial banks invent how to support agricultural producers due to the high priority of agriculture for the national security and the high standards of living of people. Soft financing is a mechanism the State uses to support agricultural enterprises, thus stimulating the agricultural production through debt finance.
Objectives. I identify distinctions and determine positive and negative aspects of soft financing granted for agricultural producers.
Methods. I referred to official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Russian Agricultural Bank. I applied methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the systems approach.
Results. I analyzed typical traits of soft financing to agricultural enterprises. The article indicates the role of authorized banks as systemically important credit institutions in Russia as part of the soft financing mechanism. I conducted the comparative analysis of commercial lending and soft financing to businesses, pointed out key differences between their mechanisms. The article spotlights the shortage of working funds, which results from distinctions of the agricultural sector. I investigated the impact of the sectoral and intrasectoral specifics of agriculture on the lending process. Referring to the key differences of commercial lending and soft financing to agricultural producers in the Russian Federation, I figured out positive and negative aspects of soft lending.
Conclusions and Relevance. Agricultural producers operate, being exposed to high risk. Therefore, commercial banks take risks into account when setting up the cost of loans. High rates on loans are unaffordable for the majority of small and medium-sized agricultural businesses, thus complicating the finance of agricultural producers’ operations. Agricultural enterprises demonstrate a rather low profitability, thus impeding the performance of lending principles, such as repayment, timeliness, serviceability.
Accounting policy as a constituent of internal control and corporate economic security
Authors: STETSYUNICH Yuliya N. , ZAITSEV Andrei A.
Published: April 2021

Subject. The article discusses the consistency of accounting policies, internal control and constituents of corporate economic security. Objectives. The study determines the process of articulating the term Accounting Policy at the legislative and normative levels nationwide and worldwide. We compare our own interpretations of corporate economic security. The article traces the impact of the accounting policy on areas of internal control and corporate economic securities. Methods. The study is based on general methods of research, such as the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and semantic analysis. Results. The article shows the impact of internal and external factors, which also influence corporate economic security and translate into the formation of corporate accounting policies. Conclusions and Relevance. Economic security is an aspect that every entity pursues. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly study how clauses of accounting policies influence the aspect from perspectives of business entities. The impact of constituents of corporate accounting policies, as evaluated herein, allow to consider adverse factors and help prevent negative consequences that internal and external factors may cause to corporate economic security. The findings contribute to accounting techniques for financial management in order to ensure the economic security. They are of practical significance for business leaders and financial personnel.
Analysis and evaluation of the food market of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: DARBASOV Vasilii R. , OKHLOPKOV Mikhail N. , FEDOROVA Ekaterina Ya.
Published: April 2021

Subject. This article explores the condition of the food market of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Objectives. The article aims to develop proposals and recommendations to improve the food security of the Republic.
Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and observation.
Results. The article identifies the specific features of the food market of Yakutia, due to the economic and geographical situation. It offers some recommendations for food security in the Republic.
Conclusions. To improve the food security of the Republic, it is necessary to strengthen the economic role of the ulus (district) food markets in the formation of their own financial and economic resources and reduce the operational costs that increase the volume of product losses.
17. Covert Feminism: Female Activists on the Field of Play
Authors: Murphy Clare
Published: April 2021

Because of feminist activism, what were once considered incompatible entities, women and sport, have come to be united within the social fabric of the 21st century. Recent generations of women are the first to experience sport as a commonplace reality that is largely taken for granted. After initial exclusion from the first and second wave feminist agendas, many activists now recognize sport as a vehicle for the advancement of women. The female athlete has been described by some academics as a type of “stealth feminist” who can support key feminist causes without arousing a knee-jerk social response. Although female sport participation and the status of female athletes have improved significantly, the impact this has had in the lived experience of women remains to be understood. This research project seeks to conduct focus groups with female athletes to better understand their relationship with the topic of feminism and to explore the impact sport participation has had within their lives. Deeper comprehension and documentation of sport from the perspective of female participants may not only serve to help guide sport policy and programing, but may also serve to foster a united, feminist consciousness that is capable of expanding the possibilities for female athletes and for women more broadly.
20. Physical Activity in Shift Workers versus Non-Shift Workers using Accelerometer in Female Hospital Employees
Authors: Pervez Romaisa
Published: April 2021

According to a recent Statistics Canada report on physical activity (PA) of Canadian Adults in 2007 to 2011, only 20% of adults (ages 18-79) are meeting the PA guideline. Although the reasons for physical inactivity are multifactorial it is likely that less leisure time due to an increase in work responsibilities may limit PA. Individuals who engage in shiftwork may have reduced opportunities to participate in leisure time PA due to fatigue associated with their irregular work schedule. Shiftwork has been associated with increased chronic disease risk, including cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and cancer. Changes in PA may be a biological mechanism by which shiftwork affects chronic disease development. As the prevalence of shiftwork continues to increase, it is important to understand the relationship between shiftwork and PA. A major limitation of studies that assess PA among shift workers is that it is often measured through self-report, which is an unreliable tool. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess associations between shiftwork and objectively measured PA among shift workers. PA was measured in sample of 328 female healthcare workers. 160 of those participants were non-shift workers and 168 were shift workers. Participants were instructed to wear an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in order to retrieve results on the intensity (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) of PA each participant engaged in. The differences between PA in shift workers and non-shift workers were determined using ANCOVA and controlled for age as a covariate. With the staggering rates of chronic and metabolic diseases amongst shift workers, the identification of PA is crucial. Results can be used to guide PA interventions in this population.
17. Within-Object Attention: Attentional Concentration and Amplification in Moving Versus Static Conditions
Authors: Segal Shira
Published: April 2021

When presented with multiple stimuli, attention serves to help us select which items to focus on for further processing. The techniques we apply to determine where to focus within an object are less clearly understood than those applied for selecting objects. This study aims to observe if there are any existing trends in how we allocate our attention within objects, as well as to examine how different factors affect this cognitive process. Two previously identified trends in how attention is allocated within lines are attentional concentration – a tendency to focus on the center of the lines – and attentional amplification – the increase in center focus as line length increases (Alvarez and Scholl, 2005). Object dynamics is a variable that can be manipulated to test if these effects represent a higher-order tracking strategy, or whether they will still be exhibited when presented with stationary lines. This study examines whether these effects can be replicated when tested with moving lines as well as stationary lines. 22 participants completed tracking tasks, either moving or static, where they tracked two designated target lines while simultaneously watching for the appearance of a probe at either the center or end of any of the lines. In the moving condition, probe detection was significantly lower at the ends of lines (indicating attentional concentration), and this decrease in performance grew slightly as line length increased (indicating weak attentional amplification); however, no significant differences in probe detection between centers and ends of lines were found in the static condition.
“Working in Concert”: Examining Music’s Role in Cross-Curricular Education
Authors: Browne Emily
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this presentation is to investigate the power of the cross-curricular teaching and learning practice while exploring the relationship between music and other subject areas in an educational environment. In recent years, the curriculum of countries such as Sweden, Australia, and the United Kingdom, has placed greater emphasis on utilizing the cross-curricular learning and teaching practice. This progressive pedagogy strives to engage students by connecting different curricular areas within an activity or lesson. Students have the opportunity to engage in a deeper form of learning, applying their knowledge and transferring their skills as they discover similarities between distinct subject areas. Additionally, the cross-curricular practice can attract pupils to disciplines that otherwise might not have held their attention. As everyday life is filled with tasks that draw on multiple subject areas, this teaching approach ultimately enables the educational system to better prepare pupils for their future. However, the cross-curricular practice can pose a challenge to teachers who lack confidence in their knowledge of content across the many curricular areas. This is particularly relevant to music education, as many teachers who do not possess a solid knowledge base of skills and techniques shy away from incorporating music into their teaching practice. Nevertheless, cross-curricular learning seems to be a valuable learning process, therefore, I will discuss method of incorporating music into cross-curricular lessons in order to provide
Failures of the M’Naghten Rules: Women and the Insanity Defence in Victorian England
Authors: Buder Sara
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the medicolegal insanity defence in criminal trials in Victorian England. It analyzes the test for criminal liability embodied in a set of rules called the M’Naghten rules that followed the trial and acquittal of Daniel M’Naghten in 1843. The paper examines the difficulties in upholding the rules in criminal case law in the middle decades of the 19th century. The research question that will be addressed is: what role did gender play when determining the mental condition of the accused in Victorian society? Moreover, how did gender affect the treatment and the punishment of mentally ill individuals who had been convicted of crimes, and how did the stigma of mental illness shape treatment and punishment? Rather than being labelled as insane, people suffering from mental illnesses were sometimes given the titles "missing," "absent," and "unconscious." What happened to those who did not meet the legal criteria to be tried as mentally insane? Finally, what difficulties did the courts and testifying physicians face while interpreting criminal responsibility? The paper will investigate key legal cases and trial narratives in several Victorian novels to draw conclusions about the cultural history of the insanity defence.
Social Sanction: Naked Parade and Vigilantism as Legal Violation Criminal Law Perspective and Human Rights
Authors: Kuswardani Kuswardani , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: April 2021

Naked parade and vigilantism are social sanctions or informal sanctions imposed by the community for acts deemed contrary to the local community's norms. These sanctions include vigilante action, which breaks the law. This paper aims to explain social sanctions (naked parade) from a legal perspective, particularly studied from human rights and criminal law. The study uses a normative approach so that the data sources include legal documents, references, and journals relevant to the problem being studied. The data analysis using consists of human rights principles and criminal law. The study results show that naked parade and vigilante as social sanction contradict human rights principles (liberty, non-discrimination, dignity, humanity, and equity). This act is also a criminal act, considering that the criminal law functions to protect the legal rights of individuals, the community, and the state. There is no explicit formulation of naked parade in the Penal Code (KUHP) or regulations outside the Penal Code. It is necessary to formulate it explicitly as an act that can be punished.
Review of Syaria Economy Disputes in Religious Courts within the Perspective of Small Claims Court (SCC)
Authors: Afriana Anita , Kusmayanti Hazar
Published: April 2021

One of the absolute competencies of the Religious Court revolves around resolving sharia economy disputes. Quick, simple and inexpensive principles of the court must persist within Religious Court procedures, such as in sharia economy disputes relating to business disputes as regulated in Supreme Court Decree No. 14 of 2016 on Procedures in Sharia Economic Disputes. The solution in this way should be able to speed up commercial Shia dispute, but in fact, various obstacles were found. This article reviews the resolution of sharia economy disputes in Religious Court within the perspective of Small Claims Court implied through SC Decree No. 14 of 2016, along with the possible issues of Small Claims Court in Religious Court procedures. This research was conducted with a normative approach. Juridically SC Decree No. 14 of 2016 conforms with SC Decree No. 2 of 2015, now replaced with SC Decree No. 4 of 2019, permits parties to resolve certain nominal claims through a quicker dispute settlement procedure. Judges participate actively throughout the dispute resolution as Small Claims Court provides flexible interaction within formal courts. In practice, limitations such as the amount of sharia economy certified judges show that sharia economy cases are better resolved through standard procedure within the Civil Court. Other limitations, such as the insufficient electronic court (e-court) systems, limit dispute resolution capacity with further substantial limitations such as executorial clauses that are not yet regulated and can take more than 25 (twenty-five days).
Epidemiological profile of pediatric burn victims in the city of São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues Cintia , Westarp Vitória , Hette Adriana , Condo Tatiana , Depieri Lorena , Górios Carlos , Pereira Rodrigo , Armond Jane
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Burns injuries are a significant health problem because they cause permanent or long lasting sequelae. OBJECTIVE: To characterize burn injuries, occurring among children and adolescents living in the city of Sao Paulo, and to identify the profile of pediatric patients treated for burn injuries. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study. A survey was carried out using data from the Information System for Violence and Accident Surveillance (SIVVA) of the Municipal Health Department of the city of Sao Paulo, where the reports of accidents against children and adolescents (0 to 19-years-old). RESULTS: During the study period, there were 416 burn injuries among children and adolescents living in the city of Sao Paulo. The main lesion diagnoses were: degree II burn (41.6%), the body region being more affected by wrist and hand. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there was a higher frequency of burns among boys, preschoolers and the domestic environment. It emphasizes the importance of epidemiological researches in the subject because they can support preventive strategies, especially in the period of childhood and adolescence.
Differential expression profiles of anthocyanidin biosynthesis gene during black rice seed development
Authors: Kim Yeon Bok , Sathasivam Ramaraj , Kim Soo-Un , Park Sang Un
Published: April 2021

The black rice (Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinju) is rich in anthocyanins which is beneficial to human health. To correlate the biosynthesis of the pigments with relevant genes, the mRNA level of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) during seed development of black rice. The mRNA level of F3’H, DFR, and ANS, key enzymes in anthocyanidin biosynthesis, peaked at 10 days after flowering. In general, the absolute level of ANS was approximately one order higher than F3’H, F3’5’H, and DFR in 10 days after flowering. The transcript level of major seed protein gene GluA-3, taken as reference, was also at the highest on the 10 days after flowering. However, the level of CHS isogenes was highest at 15 or 20 days after flowering. The highest transcript level of the genes, except CHS, preceded the highest anthocyanidin content by 5 days. This pattern coincided with an increase of anthocyanin content between 10 and 15 days after flowering. From these findings, it is suggested that particular CHS isoforms might be responsible for the anthocyanin production in black rice.
The “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “Greater Eurasian Partnership”: comparative analysis of the concepts and history of their development
Authors: Chernova Anna Fedorovna
Published: April 2021

The object of this research is the initiatives “Silk Road Economic Belt” of the People's Republic of China and “Great Eurasian Partnership” of the Russian Federation. Subject of this research is the content and history of development of the concepts. The goal is to analyze the prerequisites for advancing the initiatives, determine their points of intersection and fundamental differences. The common feature is the presence of external factors associated with the beginning of Trans-Pacific Partnership, as well as Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, which pressed Russia and China to develop their own strategy in Eurasia. The fundamental difference is that the “Silk Road Economic Belt” does not imply the creation of any supranational governing body. The author underlines the rapid pace of implementation of the Chinese initiative and high degree of resistance to the negative factors. The conclusion is made that the practical content and scientific substantiation of the concept of “Greater Eurasian Partnership” continue to be discussed. The initiative “Silk Road Economic Belt” is not much “older”; however, in seven years of its existence became the core of the economic and foreign policy vector of the People's Republic of China. Considering the experience of its evolution, the establishment of the Greater Eurasian Partnership should start with the conduct of international conferences that discuss the target points and mechanisms of implementation of the proposed initiative. For bringing such idea to life, it is necessary to create a financial platform and attract investors. It seems reasonable to develop the strategy for the formation of the Greater Eurasian Partnership around the objective towards strengthening the Eurasian Economic Union as the foundation for the future integration association.
Commentary on Post, et al. Ultra-early tranexamic acid after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2021
Authors: Lo Benjamin W. Y. , Fukuda Hitoshi , Tsang Anderson C. O. , Langer David J. , Miyawaki Satoru , Koyanagi Masaomi , Lui Matthew Wai-Man
Published: April 2021

Background:

Tranexamic acid (TA) administration in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) within the first 24 hours may reduce the incidence of early aneurysmal rebleeding. However, this is also the potential for an increased risk of delayed cerebral ischemia if TA is administered for more than 72 hours following the initial aneurysmal rupture.

Methods:

In the ultra-early tranexamic acid after subarachnoid hemorrhage randomized controlled trial by Post et al., patients were randomized to receive TA within the first 24 hours, or until start of aneurysm treatment. These results were compared to a matched control group.

Results:

Ultra-early administration (≤24 h) of TA reduced the incidence of rebleeding, and did not alter the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and/or extracranial thrombosis. Further, no significant differences were noted between the TA group and control arm in the incidence of good (modified Rankin scores 0-3) clinical outcomes at 6 months.

Conclusion:

Ultra-early administration of TA (≤24 h) resulted in a lower rate of recurrent hemorrhage, without increasing the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in SAH patients.
Specificity of the effect of double fractures of the rhythmogram on the daily variability of the sinus rhythm in patients with pulmonary and arterial hypertension
Authors: Sobolev Alexander V. , Ryabykina Galina V. , Kozhemyakina Elena Sh.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. In contrast to coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and a number of other diseases, in arterial and pulmonary hypertension, the deterioration of the functional state of the patient is often not accompanied by a decrease in the parameters of his sinus rhythm variability (SRV) for long periods of time. Moreover, an increase in age and an increase in blood pressure in patients with hypertension may lead not to a decrease, but to an increase in the parameters of daily SRV. It is noted that with hypertension on the sinus rhythm, the number of so-called double fractures of the rhythmogram (DFR) sequences of RR intervals short-long-short-long becomes greater, which can greatly affect the daily SRV.

Aim. To study the specifics of the effect of DFR on daily SRV in arterial and pulmonary hypertension.

Materials and methods. 300 Holter ECG records were analyzed, including 67 records of healthy persons, 20 records of CHD patients with CAG-confirmed vascular damage, 126 records of patients with arterial hypertension and 87 records of patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. In the analysis of daily SRV, a modification of the SRV analysis method developed at the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, taking into account the presence of DFR, was used.

Results. It is shown that DFR reflects the processes of regulation of the sinus rhythm, which are affected differently by CHD and hypertension. In CHD, the frequency of DFR and its effect on the daily SRV significantly decreases (compared to the norm). With hypertension, the frequency of the appearance of DFR increases; there is a clear trend towards a decrease in SRV in comparison with the norm in the areas without DFR; in areas with DFR, this trend is less pronounced or absent, and at ages over 50 years, SRV increases.

Conclusion. When studying the daily SRV of patients with arterial and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, it is necessary to take into account the effect of DFR on the increase in SRV.
Employment and labor policies. The case of Italy
Authors:   Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano - Telematica Roma
Published: April 2021

This study analyses the impact of labor policies introduced in the last twenty years in Italy focusing on the direct influence on employment. Using different socio-economic variables and through the use of Principal Component Analysis and a generalized linear model (GLM), the analysis: i) highlights there is no empirical evidence to support that the Monti-Fornero and Jobs Act reforms have a statistically significant impact on the determination of employment levels in recent years.; ii) identifies the main variables that have a significant impact on the determination of employment in Italy. These findings confirm that the current situation is far from being considered desirable, not only for the reduction of workers' rights, but above all because this downsizing has not led to any substantial economic growth and hasn’t helped to improve the structural conditions of the labor market. It would be desirable to understand what are the real determinants of sustainable economic growth, which are not to be found in the management of labor costs (especially in large companies), but instead lie in the dimensions of innovation, technological integration, the capacity of organizations companies to retain talent, human capital and skilled labor and to encourage work productivity through the flexibility of working conditions and the quality of life of employees.
Cross-Cultural Factors That Influence Adjustment Process of International Students in Malaysian Public Universities
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Published: April 2021

International students’ enrolment in higher education in Malaysia has expanded widely in scope, volume, and complexity, giving rise to a myriad of challenges and difficulties in their adjustment process, which have to be understood and addressed. In this study, the cross-cultural factors that influence psychological, sociocultural, and self-realization adjustments amongst international students studying in Malaysian public universities were examined. The purpose of this research was to gauge a better understanding of the difficulties and challenges encountered by them when pursuing higher education opportunities in Malaysian public universities, and how they had managed to overcome the necessary adjustments. A research survey based on 31item questionnaires was formulated. Stratified random sampling methodology was adopted in the distribution of 250 questionnaires, with a total of 218 responses received. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ software. The variables, socio-cultural adjustment, and self-realization adjustment showed negative correlations towards their adjustment process. The outcomes should enable university faculties and staff to recognize foreign students’ needs, and effectively offer supportive campus resources and services to assist them in their adjustment process.
Primary teacher burnout: Through the lens of theory and experience
Authors:   , Warnock Sara
Published: April 2021

This mixed method study explores Burnout in New Zealand’s primary teachers and introduces the concept of Workplace Spirituality as a possible burnout mediator. Six published self-report scales derived from international findings were used to explore teachers experiences of burnout in relation to attributions, efficacy, emotional intelligence, and use of emotional labour strategies within a New Zealand context. Semi-structed interviews with participating teachers then facilitated phenomenological understanding of these constructs. Findings suggest that Emotional Labour is an unavoidable and fundamentally fatiguing requirement of teaching that requires greater acknowledgement and support. Recommendations urge robust supervision as part of greater investment in social and emotional learning programmes that prioritise supporting and increasing teacher’s capacity to care for their own mental and emotional needs. These programmes need to be led by compassionate leaders who recognise the importance of caring for their teachers and who are properly equipped to do so. By exploring spirituality through the lens of connection and meaningful work we are invited to transcend the confines of spirituality- as-religion to a greater awareness of ourselves as humans, which may be the key to understanding what systemic change is required to avoid perpetuating inherently burnout inducing systems.
Primary teacher burnout: Through the lens of theory and experience
Authors: Warnock Sara
Published: April 2021

This mixed method study explores Burnout in New Zealand’s primary teachers and introduces the concept of Workplace Spirituality as a possible burnout mediator. Six published self-report scales derived from international findings were used to explore teachers experiences of burnout in relation to attributions, efficacy, emotional intelligence, and use of emotional labour strategies within a New Zealand context. Semi-structed interviews with participating teachers then facilitated phenomenological understanding of these constructs. Findings suggest that Emotional Labour is an unavoidable and fundamentally fatiguing requirement of teaching that requires greater acknowledgement and support. Recommendations urge robust supervision as part of greater investment in social and emotional learning programmes that prioritise supporting and increasing teacher’s capacity to care for their own mental and emotional needs. These programmes need to be led by compassionate leaders who recognise the importance of caring for their teachers and who are properly equipped to do so. By exploring spirituality through the lens of connection and meaningful work we are invited to transcend the confines of spirituality- as-religion to a greater awareness of ourselves as humans, which may be the key to understanding what systemic change is required to avoid perpetuating inherently burnout inducing systems.
Comparing the direct human impact of natural disasters for two cases in 2011: The Christchurch earthquake and the Bangkok flood
Authors: Noy Ilan
Published: April 2021

The standard way in which disaster damages are measured involves examining separately the number of fatalities, of injuries, of people otherwise affected, and the financial damage that natural disasters cause. Here, we implement a novel way to aggregate these separate measures of disaster impact and apply it to two catastrophic events from 2011: the Christchurch (New Zealand) earthquakes and the Greater Bangkok (Thailand) flood. This new measure, which is similar to the World Health Organization's calculation of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost due to the burden of diseases and injuries, is described in detail in Noy [7]. It allows us to conclude that New Zealand lost 180 thousand lifeyears as a result of the 2011 events, and Thailand lost 2644 thousand lifeyears. In per capita terms, the loss is similar, with both countries losing about 15 days per person due to the 2011 catastrophic events in these two countries.

© This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/