bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional measurement of exposure to music in childhood: Beyond the musician/non-musician dichotomy
Authors: Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Lamont Alexandra
Published: June 2017

Much research in music psychology characterizes the music background of its participants in a dichotomous manner, labeling participants as “musicians” and “non-musicians” or professionals and non-professionals. However, this terminology is inconsistent from study to study, and even more sophisticated measures fail to accurately represent music experiences; moreover, there is no standardized measure suitable for use with younger participants. This article presents a new measure, the Exposure to Music in Childhood Inventory, for capturing the amount and type of exposure to music activities suitable for use with children. Children from public and private school, aged 5 to 13 years old ( N = 1006; M = 8.36 years old, SD = 1.5 years) completed the inventory, and through a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis a two-factor solution was obtained. The first factor includes personal music listening activities, home musical environment and the influence of television and the internet; the second reflects more social, active and public elements of music-making, playing an instrument and performing. This scale is suitable for use in a wide range of future research to more accurately assess the kinds of music activities children have access to in a dimensional way, which can have a bearing on their understanding of music.
Religion and the Fabrication of Race
Authors: Kamal Pasha Mustapha
Published: June 2017

This article questions recent critiques of Eurocentrism for silencing religion in favour of either culture or race. Quite ironically, these critiques draw from a Eurocentric spatio-temporal horizon embedded in Enlightenment thinking. A crucial element of that horizon is a tacit acceptance of secularity as the ontological condition of differentiation, reflected in wholescale acknowledgement of the ascendancy of Scientific Racism and the displacement of religiosity. International practice increasingly manifests the confluence of religion and race and the difficulty of separating the two in explaining processes of differentiation and exclusion. Without adequate recognition of religion in critiques of Eurocentrism and sufficient appreciation of race in postsecular theorisation, the two frames of capture are likely to remain apart. In the first instance, critiques of Eurocentrism in IR cannot pretend to fully disown Enlightenment’s spatio-temporal horizon whilst wedded to its secular commitments. In the second instance, postsecular thinking risks reproducing its own version of Eurocentrism without recognising race as a crucial marker of differentiation, not reducible to religious difference. A dialogical encounter and convergence between the two registers of critique can provide new openings for understanding.
Toxic Cities: Neoliberalism and Environmental Racism in Flint and Detroit Michigan
Authors: Benz Terressa A.
Published: June 2017

The consequences of neoliberal colorblind policies concerning environmental justice in Michigan are explored using critical race theorist Alan Freeman’s victim and perpetrator perspectives on legal decision-making. The victim perspective allows evidence of disparate impact to be proof of unequal protection under the law. The dominant perpetrator perspective requires proof of the intent to discriminate for a racial discrimination claim to be valid. Michigan’s environmental legal history is examined through the lens of these two perspectives, tracing how Michigan as a state, with the aid of the federal government, has institutionalized a racialized caste system of ‘worthiness’ for environmental protection through strict adherence to the perpetrator perspective. Specific attention is paid to the water crisis in Flint and a Marathon Oil refinery in Detroit. The injustices occurring at these locations are less the result of racist individuals than the product of decades of neoliberal colorblind policymaking supported and upheld in our court rooms.
Improvement of user experience using virtual reality in open-architecture product design
Authors: Song Hao , Chen Fangyuan , Peng Qingjin , Zhang Jian , Gu Peihua
Published: June 2017

User experience has a significant impact on the effective product design and improvement, especially for a personalized product to meet user’s individual need. The development of personalized products requires data from user experience in the evaluation of the product function and performance. The existing methods of Internet-based interactive platforms and direct market user surveys cannot provide users full experience of product features. This research proposes a user interactive system based on virtual reality technologies to provide users a close-real experience in the development of open-architecture products. The system provides users an interface built on the virtual environment. The users can review a product design by virtually operating and evaluating the product. The system records users’ operations and feedbacks for designers to improve the product. Food trucks designed using the open-architecture concept are used as applications to verify the proposed method. A user survey is conducted to examine the system effectiveness.
When the “Laws of Fear” Do Not Apply: Effective Counterterrorism and the Sense of Security from Terrorism
Authors: Hoffman Aaron M. , Shelby William
Published: June 2017

We investigate how effective counterterrorism influences (1) confidence in government efforts to deal with terrorism and (2) the sense of insecurity from attacks. Research on “heuristic judgments” implies information about counterterrorism undercuts people’s perceived security from terrorism. Across three experiments, however, we find that people who are exposed to information about effective counterterrorism express more confidence in governments to protect citizens from future attacks and prevent future violence than those who did not receive these treatments. People who receive information about effective counterterrorism also show greater willingness to travel to locations where the risk of terrorism is prominent than those who are only exposed to material about terrorism. Finally, we find that counterterrorism information does not inevitably undermine government efforts to reassure people about their security. On the contrary, information about effective counterterrorism erased the effects of exposure to information about terrorism in one study.
Youth Empowerment Solutions: Evaluation of an After-School Program to Engage Middle School Students in Community Change
Authors: Zimmerman Marc A. , Eisman Andria B. , Reischl Thomas M. , Morrel-Samuels Susan , Stoddard Sarah , Miller Alison L. , Hutchison Pete , Franzen Susan , Rupp Laney
Published: June 2017

We report on an effectiveness evaluation of the Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) program. YES applies empowerment theory to an after-school program for middle school students. YES is an active learning curriculum designed to help youth gain confidence in themselves, think critically about their community, and work with adults to create positive community change. We employed a modified randomized control group design to test the hypothesis that the curriculum would enhance youth empowerment, increase positive developmental outcomes, and decrease problem behaviors. Our sample included 367 youth from 13 urban and suburban middle schools. Controlling for demographic characteristics and pretest outcome measures, we found that youth who received more components of the curriculum reported more psychological empowerment and prosocial outcomes and less antisocial outcomes than youth who received fewer of the intervention components. The results support both empowerment theory and program effectiveness.
Brexit and Scotland
Authors: McHarg Aileen , Mitchell James
Published: June 2017

In the 2016 Brexit referendum, Scotland voted decisively to Remain in the EU, while a UK-wide majority voted to Leave. This article discusses responses to the constitutional significance of a territorially divided result, both prior to and following the referendum, including in litigation over the ‘constitutional requirements’ necessary to trigger the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU under Article 50 TEU ( R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union). It considers what these debates reveal about the uncertain and contested nature of the UK’s territorial constitution, focusing on issues of constitutional security for devolved institutions and competences, and constitutional voice for the devolved territories in handling issues of intertwined competence. It argues that the Brexit episode reveals major weaknesses in the dominant reliance on political mechanisms to give recognition to the constitutional significance of devolution, which do not adequately displace continued legal adherence to the assumptions of a unitary constitution.
The Practice of Health Program Evaluation
Authors: Lewis Sarah R.
Published: June 2017

The Practice of Health Program Evaluation provides an overview of the evaluation process for public health programs while diving deeper to address select advanced concepts and techniques. The book unfolds evaluation as a three-phased process consisting of identification of evaluation questions, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of results and recommendations. The text covers research design, sampling methods, as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches. Types of evaluation are also discussed, including economic assessment and systems research as relative newcomers. Aspects critical to conducting a successful evaluation regardless of type or research design are emphasized, such as stakeholder engagement, validity and reliability, and adoption of sound recommendations. The book encourages evaluators to document their approach by developing an evaluation plan, a data analysis plan, and a dissemination plan, in order to help build consensus throughout the process. The evaluative text offers a good bird’s-eye view of the evaluation process, while offering guidance for evaluation experts on how to navigate political waters and advocate for their findings to help affect change.
Proactive Living: A Unique Model for the Promotion of Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Bég Sami A. , Hauser Michelle E.
Published: June 2017

Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a growing field focused on maintenance of health and reversal of chronic diseases; however, it is still unfamiliar to many as it lacks a mechanism to set itself apart from other medical specialties, which focus primarily on management of established diseases and their symptoms. Given that employers have many incentives to maintain and improve the health of their employees, the corporate wellness space (corporate wellness) represents a considerable opportunity for LM. Proactive Living, a company at the confluence of LM and corporate wellness, promotes and connects LM practitioners with employers and employees through a mobile app (PAL App). The app is designed to improve health literacy, encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors, and engage individuals in their own health, while simultaneously helping LM practitioners market LM and grow their practice.
The performativity of leadership talk
Authors: Simpson Barbara , Buchan Linda , Sillince John
Published: June 2017

Leadership-as-practice holds great promise for the re-theorisation of leadership in ways that reflect the dynamics of ongoing practice in the day-to-day realities of organising. However, in order to progress this agenda there is an urgent need to develop more dynamic theories and complementary methodologies that are better able to engage with the continuities of leadership practice. This paper responds to this need firstly by teasing out the conceptual implications of the practices/practice duality, differentiating between leadership as a set of practices, and leadership in the flow of practice. Then, drawing theoretical insights from Austin and Mead, the performative effects of turning points in the flow of ordinary conversation are examined in the context of the leadership talk of a senior management team. The paper makes contributions to both theory and methodology, which are elaborated empirically to show how different types of talk relate to different phases of leadership practice.
Life Expectancy Predictions for Older Diabetic Patients as Estimated by Physicians and a Prognostic Model
Authors: O’Hanlon Claire E. , Cooper Jennifer M. , Lee Sang Mee , John Priya , Churpek Matthew , Chin Marshall H. , Huang Elbert S.
Published: June 2017

Background: Multiple medical organizations recommend using life expectancy (LE) to individualize diabetes care goals. We compare the performance of patient LE predictions made by physicians to LE predictions from a simulation model (the Chicago model) in a cohort of older diabetic patients. Design: Retrospective cohort study of a convenience sample (n = 447) of diabetes patients over 65 years and their physicians. Measurements: Physicians provided LE estimates for individual patients during a baseline survey (2000–2003). The prognostic model included a comprehensive geriatric type 2 diabetes simulation model (the Chicago model) and combinations of the physician estimate and the Chicago model (“And,” “Or,” and “Average” models). Observed survival was determined based on the National Death Index through 31 December 2010. The predictive accuracy of LE predictions was assessed using c-statistic for 5-year mortality; Harrell’s c-statistic, and Integrated Brier score for overall survival. Results: The patient cohort had a mean (SD) age of 73.4 (5.9) years. The majority were female (62.6%) and black (79.4%). At 5 years, 108 (24.2%) patients had died. The c-statistic for 5-year mortality was similar for physicians (0.69) and the Chicago model (0.68), while the average of estimates by physicians and Chicago model yielded the highest c-statistic of any method tested (0.73). The estimates of overall survival yielded a similar pattern of results. Limitations: Generalizability of patient cohort and lack of updated model parameters. Conclusions: Compared with individual methods, the average of LE estimates by physicians and the Chicago model had the best predictive performance. Prognostic models, such as the Chicago model, may complement and support physicians’ intuitions as they consider treatment decisions and goals for older patients with chronic conditions like diabetes.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonography, With Graded Compression to Image Acute Appendicitis Compared to Histopathologic Results
Authors: Al-Marzooq Tawfiq J. M. , Hassan Qays A. , Majeed Ghassan H. , Manea Ahmed N. , Abboud Ali H.
Published: June 2017

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical abdominal emergency. Its clinical diagnosis remains a challenge to surgeons, so different imaging options were introduced to improve diagnostic accuracy. Among these imaging modality choices, diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) is a simple, easily available, and cost effective clinical tool. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of DMS, in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis compared to the histopathology report, as a gold standard. Between May 2015 and May 2016, 215 patients with suspected appendicitis were examined with DMS. The DMS findings were recorded as positive and negative for acute appendicitis and compared with the histopathological results, as a gold standard. In all, 173 patients were correctly diagnosed as having acute appendicitis by DMS out of 200 cases, with a final histopathologic result. Similarly, DMS revealed 13 normal appendices out of 15 nonappendicitis patients. This demonstrated that DMS has a sensitivity of 86.5%, specificity of 86.6%, positive predictive value of 99.8%, negative predictive value of 32.5%, and overall accuracy of 86.5%. These results suggest that DMS may be an accurate, sensitive, and specific tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis and reducing unnecessary appendectomies. DMS should be considered as a credible imaging modality for diagnosing acute appendicitis.
Presenting ADAMTS13 antibody and antigen levels predict prognosis in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Alwan Ferras , Vendramin Chiara , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Langley Katy , McDonald Vickie , Austin Steve , Clark Amanda , Lester William , Gooding Richard , Biss Tina , Dutt Tina , Cooper Nichola , Chapman Oliver , Cranfield Tanya , Douglas Kenny , Watson H. G. , van Veen J. J. , Sibson Keith , Thomas William , Manson Lynn , Hill Quentin A. , Benjamin Sylvia , Ellis Debra , Westwood John-Paul , Thomas Mari , Scully Marie
Published: June 2017

Key Points

High anti-ADAMTS13 antibody and low ADAMTS13 antigen levels adversely affect outcome in immune-mediated TTP with greater mortality seen. A raised troponin at presentation confers a sixfold increase and reduced GCS a nine-fold increase in mortality in acute TTP.
MONARCH 2: Abemaciclib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Women With HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer Who Had Progressed While Receiving Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Sledge George W. , Toi Masakazu , Neven Patrick , Sohn Joohyuk , Inoue Kenichi , Pivot Xavier , Burdaeva Olga , Okera Meena , Masuda Norikazu , Kaufman Peter A. , Koh Han , Grischke Eva-Maria , Frenzel Martin , Lin Yong , Barriga Susana , Smith Ian C. , Bourayou Nawel , Llombart-Cussac Antonio
Published: June 2017

Purpose

MONARCH 2 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107703) compared the efficacy and safety of abemaciclib, a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, plus fulvestrant with fulvestrant alone in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Patients and Methods

MONARCH 2 was a global, double-blind, phase III study of women with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative ABC who had progressed while receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), ≤ 12 months from the end of adjuvant ET, or while receiving first-line ET for metastatic disease. Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive abemaciclib or placebo (150 mg twice daily) on a continuous schedule and fulvestrant (500 mg, per label). The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS), and key secondary end points included overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, clinical benefit rate, quality of life, and safety.

Results

Between August 2014 and December 2015, 669 patients were randomly assigned to receive abemaciclib plus fulvestrant (n = 446) or placebo plus fulvestrant (n = 223). Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant significantly extended PFS versus fulvestrant alone (median, 16.4 v 9.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.553; 95% CI, 0.449 to 0.681; P < .001). In patients with measurable disease, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant achieved an ORR of 48.1% (95% CI, 42.6% to 53.6%) compared with 21.3% (95% CI, 15.1% to 27.6%) in the control arm. The most common adverse events in the abemaciclib versus placebo arms were diarrhea (86.4% v 24.7%), neutropenia (46.0% v 4.0%), nausea (45.1% v 22.9%), and fatigue (39.9% v 26.9%).

Conclusions

Abemaciclib at 150 mg twice daily plus fulvestrant was effective, significantly improving PFS and ORR and demonstrating a tolerable safety profile in women with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative ABC who progressed while receiving ET.
Distinct roles for the mTOR pathway in postnatal morphogenesis, maturation and function of pancreatic islets
Authors: Sinagoga Katie L. , Stone William J. , Schiesser Jacqueline V. , Schweitzer Jamie I. , Sampson Leesa , Zheng Yi , Wells James M.
Published: June 2017

While much is known about the molecular pathways that regulate embryonic development and adult homeostasis of the endocrine pancreas, little is known about what regulates early postnatal development and maturation of islets. Given that birth marks the first exposure to enteral nutrition, we investigated how nutrient-regulated signaling pathways influence postnatal islet development. To do this we performed loss-of-function studies of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a highly conserved kinase within a nutrient-sensing pathway known to regulate cellular growth, morphogenesis and metabolism. Deletion of mTOR in pancreatic endocrine cells had no significant effect on their embryonic development. However, within the first 2 weeks after birth, mTOR-deficient islets became dysmorphic, β−cell maturation and function was impaired, and animals lost islet mass. Moreover, we discovered these distinct functions of mTOR are mediated by separate downstream branches of the pathway, in that mTORC1 (Raptor) is the main complex mediating maturation and function of islets, whereas mTORC2 (Rictor) impacts islet mass and architecture. Taken together, these findings suggest that nutrient-sensing may be a trigger for postnatal β cell maturation and islet development.
Defining epithelial cell dynamics and lineage relationships in the developing lacrimal gland
Authors: Farmer D'Juan , Nathan Sara , Finley Jennifer , Yu Kevin Shengyang , Emmerson Elaine , Byrnes Lauren , Sneddon Julie , McManus Michael , Tward Aaron , Knox Sarah
Published: June 2017

The tear producing lacrimal gland is a tubular organ that protects and lubricates the ocular surface. While the lacrimal gland possesses many features that make it an excellent model to understand tubulogenesis, the cell types and lineage relationships that drive lacrimal gland formation are unclear. Using single cell sequencing and other molecular tools, we reveal novel cell identities and epithelial lineage dynamics that underlie lacrimal gland development. We show that the lacrimal gland from its earliest developmental stages is composed of multiple subpopulations of immune, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell lineages. The epithelial lineage exhibits the most substantiative cellular changes, transitioning through a series of unique transcriptional states to become terminally differentiated acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, lineage tracing in postnatal and adult glands provides the first direct evidence of unipotent KRT5+ epithelial cells in the lacrimal gland. Finally, we show conservation of developmental markers between the developing mouse and human lacrimal gland, supporting the use of mice to understand human development. Together, our data reveal critical features of lacrimal gland development that have broad implications for understanding epithelial organogenesis.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell motility through vinculin-controlled Rac1 GTPase activity
Authors: Atherton Paul , Lausecker Franziska , Harrison Andrew , Ballestrem Christoph
Published: June 2017

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapy used clinically to promote healing. Using live-cell imaging we show that LIPUS stimulation, acting through integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions, rapidly induces Rac1 activation associated with dramatic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Our study demonstrates that the mechanosensitive focal adhesion (FA) protein vinculin, and both focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Rab5 (both the Rab5a and Rab5b isoforms) have key roles in regulating these effects. Inhibiting the link of vinculin to the actin-cytoskeleton abolished LIPUS sensing. We show that this vinculin-mediated link was not only critical for Rac1 induction and actin rearrangements, but was also important for the induction of a Rab5-dependent increase in the number of early endosomes. Expression of dominant-negative Rab5, or inhibition of endocytosis with dynasore, also blocked LIPUS-induced Rac1 signalling events. Taken together, our data show that LIPUS is sensed by cell matrix adhesions through vinculin, which in turn modulates a Rab5-Rac1 pathway to control ultrasound-mediated endocytosis and cell motility. Finally, we demonstrate that a similar FAK-Rab5-Rac1 pathway acts to control cell spreading upon fibronectin.
Secreted tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase restricts trans-synaptic signaling to coordinate synaptogenesis
Authors: Shilts Jarrod , Broadie Kendal
Published: June 2017

Synaptogenesis is coordinated by trans-synaptic signals that traverse the specialized synaptomatrix between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) activity sculpts this environment, balanced by secreted tissue inhibitors of Mmp (Timp). Here, we use the simplified Drosophila melanogaster matrix metalloproteome to test the consequences of eliminating all Timp regulatory control of Mmp activity at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Using in situ zymography, we find Timp limits Mmp activity at the NMJ terminal and shapes extracellular proteolytic dynamics surrounding individual synaptic boutons. In newly generated timp null mutants, NMJs exhibit architectural overelaboration with supernumerary synaptic boutons. With cell-targeted RNAi and rescue studies, we find that postsynaptic Timp limits presynaptic architecture. Functionally, timp null mutants exhibit compromised synaptic vesicle cycling, with activity that is lower in amplitude and fidelity. NMJ defects manifest in impaired locomotor function. Mechanistically, we find that Timp limits BMP trans-synaptic signaling and the downstream synapse-to-nucleus signal transduction. Pharmacologically restoring Mmp inhibition in timp null mutants corrects bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and synaptic properties. Genetically restoring BMP signaling in timp null mutants corrects NMJ structure and motor function. Thus, Timp inhibition of Mmp proteolytic activity restricts BMP trans-synaptic signaling to coordinate synaptogenesis.
miR-210 expression is associated with methionine-induced differentiation of trout satellite cells
Authors: Latimer M. , Sabin N. , Le Cam A. , Seiliez I. , Biga P. , Gabillard J. C.
Published: June 2017

In fish, data on miRNAs involved in myogenesis are scarce. In order to identify miRNAs involved in satellite cell differentiation, we used a methionine depletion/replenishment protocol to synchronize myogenic cell differentiation. Our results validated that methionine removal (72H) from the medium strongly decreased myoD1 and myogenin expression indicating differentiation arrest. In contrast, methionine replenishment rescued expression of myoD1 and myogenin showing a resumption of differentiation. We performed a miRNA array analysis of myogenic cells from three conditions: presence of methionine (CTRL), absence of methionine during 72h (Meth-) and absence of methionine during 48H with 24H of methionine replenishment (Meth -/+). A clustering analysis identified three clusters: cluster I corresponds to miRNA upregulated only in Meth -/+ conditions; cluster II corresponds to miRNA downregulated only in Meth -/+ conditions; cluster III corresponds to miRNAs with high expression in control, low expression in absence of methionine (Meth -) and middle expression after methionine replenishment (Meth -/+). Cluster III was very interesting because it fit with the data obtained for myoD1 and myogenin (supporting an involvement in the differentiation) and contained 7 miRNAs with muscle-related function (e.i. miR-133a) and one (miR-210) with unknown function. Based on our already published miRNAs repertoire (Juanchich et al., 2016), we confirmed miR-133a had expression only in white muscle and showed that miR-210 had strong expression in white muscle. We also showed that miR-210 expression was upregulated during differentiation of satellite cells suggesting that miR-210 was potentially involved in the differentiation of satellite cells.
Heart rate dynamics in a marsupial hibernator
Authors: Swoap Steven J. , Körtner Gerhard , Geiser Fritz
Published: June 2017

The eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) is a small marsupial that can express spontaneous short bouts of torpor, as well as multi-day bouts of deep hibernation. To examine heart rate (HR) control at various stages of torpor in a marsupial hibernator, and to see whether HR variability differs from deep placental hibernators, we used radiotelemetry to measure ECG and Tb while measuring the rate of O2 consumption and ventilation. The HR and rate of O2 consumption during euthermia was at its minimum (321±34 bpm, 0.705±0.048 ml O2/g*h) at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 31°C. HR had an inverse linear relationship with Ta to a maximum of 630±19 bpm at a Ta of 20°C. During entry into torpor at an Ta of 20°C, HR slowed primarily as a result of episodic periods of cardiac activity where electrical activity of the heart occurred in groups of 3 or 4 heart beats. When Tb was stable at 24°C in these torpor bouts, the episodic nature of HR had disappeared (i.e. no asystoles) with a rate of 34±3 bpm. For multi-day bouts of deep torpor, Ta was lowered to 6.6±0.8°C. During these deep bouts of torpor, Tb reached a minimum of 8.0±1.0°C, with a minimum HR of 8 bpm and a minimum rate of O2 consumption of 0.029±0.07 ml O2/g*h. Shivering bouts occurred in deep torpor about every 8 minutes, during which ventilation occurred, and HR was elevated to 40 bpm. The duration of the QRS complex increased from 12ms during euthermia to 69 ms at a Tb of 8°C. These findings demonstrate the dynamic functioning range of heart rate to be about 600 bpm (∼80 fold), one of the largest known ranges in mammals. Our study shows that despite a separation of ∼160 million years the control and function of the cardiac system seems indistinguishable in marsupial and placental hibernating mammals.
Pre-settlement coral-reef fish larvae respond to magnetic field changes during the day
Authors: O’Connor Jack , Muheim Rachel
Published: June 2017

Observations of coral-reef fish larvae have revealed remarkably consistent orientation behaviour while swimming offshore, requiring large-scale orientation cues. However, the mechanisms underlying this behaviour are still being investigated. One potential large-scale cue for orientation is the Earth’s geomagnetic field. Here, we examined the effect of magnetic field manipulations on the orientation behaviour of coral-reef fish during the pelagic larval phase. In the absence of visual cues, individual larvae responded to a 90° shift of the horizontal component of the magnetic field within a Helmholtz coil with a comparable shift in orientation, demonstrating that they use a magnetic compass for orientation. Our findings suggest that geomagnetic field information guides swimming behaviour of larval fish in the pre-settlement phase. The ability to use large-scale sensory cues allows location-independent orientation of swimming, a behaviour that influences dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, which has important ecological implications for anthropogenic development of marine areas.
Archaeal fibrillarin–Nop5 heterodimer 2′-O-methylates RNA independently of the C/D guide RNP particle
Authors: Tomkuvienė Miglė , Ličytė Janina , Olendraitė Ingrida , Liutkevičiūtė Zita , Clouet-d'Orval Béatrice , Klimašauskas Saulius
Published: June 2017

Archaeal fibrillarin (aFib) is a well-characterized S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent RNA 2′-O-methyltransferase that is known to act in a large C/D ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex together with Nop5 and L7Ae proteins and a box C/D guide RNA. In the reaction, the guide RNA serves to direct the methylation reaction to a specific site in tRNA or rRNA by sequence complementarity. Here we show that a Pyrococcus abyssi aFib–Nop5 heterodimer can alone perform SAM-dependent 2′-O-methylation of 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs in vitro independently of L7Ae and C/D guide RNAs. Using tritium-labeling, mass spectrometry, and reverse transcription analysis, we identified three in vitro 2′-O-methylated positions in the 16S rRNA of P. abyssi, positions lying outside of previously reported pyrococcal C/D RNP methylation sites. This newly discovered stand-alone activity of aFib–Nop5 may provide an example of an ancestral activity retained in enzymes that were recruited to larger complexes during evolution.
Ο ρόλος του μέντορα στο ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα: διερεύνηση απόψεων εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης νομού Θεσσαλονίκης για την αναγκαιότητα εφαρμογής του θεσμού
Authors: Παππά Ελένη , Ιορδανίδης Γεώργιος
Published: June 2017

Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο εκπαιδευτικοί της Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης αντιλαμβάνονται το ρόλο του μέντορα (mentoring) ως υποστηρικτική δομή. Συνάμα, προσανατολίζεται στη διερεύνηση της άποψης των εκπαιδευτικών για την αναγκαιότητα εισαγωγής του θεσμού, τον πιθανό βαθμό ανταπόκρισής του στις ανάγκες των εκπαιδευτικών και τις προϋποθέσεις αποτελεσματικής εφαρμογής του. Συμμετέχοντες στην έρευνα ήταν 215 εκπαιδευτικοί πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Η στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων του ερωτηματολογίου έγινε με τη χρήση του στατιστικού λογισμικού S.P.S.S. 22.  Έγινε έλεγχος όλων των μεταβλητών με βάση το φύλο και τη διδακτική/εργασιακή εμπειρία. Επιπρόσθετα, οι προϋποθέσεις εφαρμογής του θεσμού (Ενότητα Ε1) ελέγχθηκαν και σε σχέση με τα τυπικά και επιπρόσθετα προσόντα. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιήθηκε ενδελεχής ανάλυση με βάση τα ευρήματα των πινάκων συνάφειας και των αναδυόμενων συσχετίσεων. Τα ερευνητικά αποτελέσματα ανέδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί συναινούν στην εφαρμογή του θεσμού με ένα πιλοτικό πρόγραμμα, που αξιοποιεί ερευνητικά πορίσματα και επιτυχημένες διαρθρώσεις προγραμμάτων εφαρμοσμένων στο εξωτερικό, διενεργώντας τις απαραίτητες προσαρμογές στα ελληνικά δεδομένα αλλά καταγράφηκε μια δυσπιστία κυρίως από το έμπειρο εκπαιδευτικό προσωπικό. Η ενσωμάτωση του θεσμού στις σχολικές μονάδες διαφαίνεται ότι εξυπηρετεί την εξατομικευμένη αντιμετώπιση των αναγκών του εκπαιδευτικού πληθυσμού. Συνάμα, αναδύεται ότι το καθοδηγητικό πρόγραμμα ενέχει τη δυναμική ανάπτυξης συνεργατικής επαγγελματικής κουλτούρας με απόρροια τη διάχυση της ωφέλειας στους εμπλεκόμενους της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes: 13
Authors: Klazenga Niels
Published: June 2017

The following four names of bryophytes are recommended for conservation: Hypnum uncinatulum against H. pseudocupressiforme, Tortula angustata against Syrrhopodon crispus, Selenia Nutt. against Selenia Hill and Haplocladium (Müll. Hal.) Müll. Hal. against Haplocladium Nägeli. The following three names are not recommended for conservation: Globulina boliviana against Trichostomum brunneum, Bartramia curvata against B. fontanoides and Jungermania ornithopoides with a conserved spelling (“ornithopodioides”). The Committee failed to reach a decision on the conservation of Gertrudia validinervis against Barbula uncinicoma. Futhermore, the Committee considers Rauiella Reimers and Rauhiella Pabst & Braga not confusable.
Report on corrections and future considerations for Appendices II–VIII of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
Authors: Wiersema John H. , May Tom W. , Turland Nicholas J.
Published: June 2017

For the first time, the main text and Appendices II–VIII of the International Code of Nomenclature were separately published following decisions of the 2011 Melbourne Nomenclature Section, which contributed to the subsequent development of an online resource capable of producing the Appendices in real time. These developments, and others pertaining to newly generated lists of fungal names, raise issues outlined in this paper that should be discussed by the upcoming 2017 Shenzhen Nomenclature Section. An accounting of all corrections and additions to the online version (based on the hardcopy version) of Melbourne Appendices II–VIII is also appended.
Unraveling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically challenging “justicioid” lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae)
Authors: Kiel Carrie A. , Daniel Thomas F. , Darbyshire Iain , McDade Lucinda A.
Published: June 2017

This is the first study in Acanthaceae to provide a robust and well‐sampled phylogenetic framework for the “justicioid” lineage (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Justicieae), a clade that includes at least 1000 species that together occupy essentially the entire distributional range of the family as a whole. Species are morphologically diverse and occupy a wide variety of habitats. Although much progress has been made in understanding phylogenetic relationships within Acanthaceae, well‐sampled phylogenetic studies are lacking for justicioids. DNA sequence data from six regions for 178 accessions from across the entire lineage were used to test monophyly and validity of 17 putative genera of justicioids on a global scale. Included among these genera is the species‐rich genus Justicia for which we evaluate the current morphology‐based classification with a focus on Old World taxa. Our results strongly support monophyly of New World justicioids, including all New World species of Justicia plus species assigned to at least five other smaller genera. Further, with a greatly expanded taxon sample, we confirm our earlier unexpected result that Diclipterinae are embedded within justicioids. As traditionally circumscribed, Diclipterinae lack the morphological traits that mark justicioids and thus had not previously been associated with that group. This study further extends this unexpected result by placing a number of Old World justicioids in a clade that is sister to Diclipterinae. Although some genera of justicioids, notably of Diclipterinae, are monophyletic, Justicia is grossly polyphyletic. We explore these results by examining the diagnostic utility of morphological characters for major clades with a focus on inflorescences, androecia, pollen and seeds. We further use our results as context for documenting evolutionary patterns of floral traits and pollinator relationships, as well as biogeographic patterns, across this species‐rich and diverse clade.
Relações de poder: sedução e religiosidade em Maria Luísa, de Lúcia Miguel Pereira
Authors: Almeida Edwirgens Aparecida Ribeiro Lopes de
Published: June 2017

O presente texto tem o propósito de estudar as relações de poder configuradas pela educação religiosa católica e pela sedução masculina exercidas sobre a personagem Maria Luísa, na obra homônima, de Lúcia Miguel Pereira. Publicada em 1933, Maria Luísa traz intensa sintonia com os princípios ideológicos daqueles tempos e conserva, de certo modo, uma preocupação com a ordem social, prevista e reiterada pelos meios de difusão do pensamento católico, como a revista A Ordem, a quem Lúcia contribui como escritora
A voz feminina na narrativa infantil da angolana Maria Celestina Fernandes
Authors: De Sousa Marcio Jean Fialho
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a contribuição da escritora angolana, Maria Celestina Fernandes, no rol das obras das Literaturas Africanas de Língua Portuguesa, apresenta aspectos inovadores e significativos para a formação do leitor infantil. Além disso, demonstrar como os valores das culturas tradicionais são constantemente atualizados como forma de perpetuação das culturas africanas, simbolicamente demonstrada na figura do “velho” e da contação de história.
A coruja como símbolo de morte em “as corujas” de Moreira Campos
Authors: Dantas Adelannia Chaves , Freire Manoel
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho é resultado de um estudo sobre a obra de Moreira Campos, no qual se faz uma análise da coruja que simboliza a morte, observando que a simbologia ligada a ela vem sendo criada no decorrer dos séculos, influenciando direta ou indiretamente o folclore brasileiro. As formas como a morte se configura no conto do escritor cearense constitui o foco deste estudo, ressaltando-se como símbolo de morte a coruja (anunciadora da morte). Nesse sentido, procura-se relacionar os aspectos simbólicos dos animais e da morte nos contos, aprofundando-se nos estudos sobre os misticismos, os símbolos e as crenças populares.
A simbologia do animal na construção da personagem: o real e o irreal no conto “Tigrela” de Lygia Fagundes Telles
Authors: Silva Antonia Marly Moura
Published: June 2017

No discurso mimético de Lygia Fagundes Telles, eventos aparentemente verossímeis cedem lugar à imaginação, imprimindo uma atmosfera de confronto entre o estranho e o familiar, o real e o irreal. No conto “Tigrela”, integrante da obra Mistérios (1981), a personagem feminina é delineada com traços que confundem sua identidade. Trata-se da história de Romana e seu animal de estimação, Tigrela, uma fêmea de tigre com quem a mulher partilha o luxo e o conforto de um apartamento, adaptado para tal convivência. Na trama, a mulher ora vela ora revela seus traços animalescos ao mesmo tempo em que acentua atributos humanos na representação do animal. A caracterização dessa relação binária constitui terreno fértil para uma reflexão sobre os limites entre homem e bicho. Sob tal enfoque, faremos uma leitura da narrativa à luz dos conceitos de fantástico formulados por Roger Bozzetto (2001), Irène Bessière (2005), David Roas (2001, 2011, 2014), Julio Cortázar (1993), dentre outras referências da Teoria da Literatura.
"O Menino", de Luiz Canabrava: o infante silenciado na periferia da cultura mineira em transformação
Authors: Nogueira Palhares Leonardo Tadeu , Ferrante Rebello Ivana
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho pretende asseverar sobre a personagem da criança no conto "O Menino", integrante do livro Sangue de Rosaura, de Luiz Canabrava. Pretende-se fazer algumas observações sobre de que forma o menino é percebido na narrativa, o que o silêncio desta figura pode pressupor e como isto reflete em sua presença no espaço de Minas Gerais que se situa. Para isso, recorreremos a teóricos que tragam algumas percepções da infância— Maria Cristina Gouvêa (2000), Anderson Luiz Nunes da Mata (2015) — e sobre a cultura mineira — Ângela Maria Guida e Joelma Sampaio Evangelista (2005), Silvio Romero (1980) — entre outros, para fomentar nossa discussão.
Nem Florida, nem Boedo: assegura o 'escritor fracassado' de Roberto Arlt
Authors: Gomes Adriana De Borges
Published: June 2017

Florida e Boedo são nomes de ruas da cidade de Buenos Aires, com características distintas bem expressivas: Florida era a rua do “ócio distraído”, da boemia da arte gratuita, sem motivações que não fossem estéticas. Boedo era a rua do “tráfego fabril”, situada num bairro onde muitas fábricas estavam instaladas, o que fomentava a agitação das consciências para o levante de uma bandeira subversiva. Das designações topográficas do bairrismo portenho nasceu uma contenda cultural de classes, em que a literatura foi o veio central. A polêmica literária deve ser vista no seu interior, recorrendo-se ao momento histórico em que ocorreu, pois somente com a distância temporal o historiador da literatura pode avaliar o que representou na época e o que significa na contemporaneidade tal controvérsia para a história da literatura argentina. E, ainda assim, manter certa desconfiança, pois o historiador é um pesquisador que muitas vezes recorta acontecimentos e os dota de significado de acordo com suas ideologias; como chama a atenção o historiador da literatura latino-americana Antonio Cornejo Polar (2000). Na conformação dos dois grupos e na localização dos escritores em cada um deles, houve muitas discrepâncias. Castelnuovo, nos diz Adolfo Prieto (2009), declarou que o grupo Boedo não existiu, o que existia era uma literatura de arrabalde. Assim, Prieto mapeia em seu ensaio “Boedo e Florida” algumas esclarecimentos e tentativas de encaixar os escritores em um grupo ou outro. Em uma dessas demonstrações está claro que Roberto Arlt não se localizava em nenhum dos dois grupos.
Bolaño, o investigador da vida e dos versos pelas trilhas do valor e do medo
Authors: Da Silva Edson Oliveira
Published: June 2017

A leitura do romance Los detectives salvajes do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño nos coloca diante de uma narrativa inquietante, pautada no jogo sinuoso entre ficção e realidade, de modo que as ambições e experiências do escritor, enquanto "homem vulgar" e intelectual se confundam, em diferentes circunstâncias, com as tramas vividas pela legião de personagens que povoam a ficção. Nesse sentido, para além de representar a história latino-americana, marcada pela explosão de vozes e conflitos entranhados, desde séculos atrás na genealogia deste espaço, onde o vazio e a errância se destacam muito mais do que os encontros e as convicções, esta narrativa nos apresenta um fluxo descontínuo de experiências e discursos, em que a literatura se apresenta como um caminho para compreender melhor os nossos instintos e mazelas. Sob esse ponto de vista, partindo da possibilidade de que alinhemos a produção literária de Bolaño a uma onda de fenômenos políticos e culturais, quase sempre ligados à ideia de deslocamento e fragmentação, que assinalam a contemporaneidade, este estudo se preocupa em reconhecer a figura do escritor como uma espécie de detetive incansável, que, tanto dentro quanto fora da ficção, se propõe a investigar a vida e a poesia, percorrendo os campos invisíveis do valor e do medo.
A lâmpada do desejo: uma leitura do conto “A fuga” de Clarice Lispector
Authors: De Barros Rocha Flávia Aninger , El Fahl Alana De Oliveira Freitas
Published: June 2017

No presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar o conto A Fuga, de Clarice Lispector, escrito em 1940 e publicado em A Bela e a Fera (1979), à luz dos conceitos freudianos do Princípio do Prazer e do Princípio da Realidade e outras ideias também desenvolvidas no texto O Mal-Estar na Civilização (1930). Além disso, tomaremos como referências da representação feminina para a protagonista do conto em estudo, a personagem Sara, do Antigo Testamento, Sofia, personagem do romance Atire em Sofia, de Sônia Coutinho (1989) e Penélope, personagem clássica de Homero.
Europas Hoffnung auf den Brennspiegel im 13. Jahrhundert
Authors: Lohrmann Dietrich
Published: June 2017

Brennspiegel mit möglichst starker Konzentration der reflektierten Strahlen auf einen Brennpunkt faszinierten die Wissenschaft seit der Antike. Sie trafen schon im Europa des 13. Jahrhunderts auf ein nachhaltiges Interesse. Mindestens fünf bedeutende Autoren, zwei Engländer, ein Pikarde, ein Flame, ein „Thuringo-Polonus“ und ein Pariser Magister aus dem Limousin, beschäftigten sich mit der Theorie der Reflexion, verglichen die verschiedenen Arten von Spiegeln nach ihrer Leistung und bauten sie auch in der Praxis. Der Anstoß zu diesen Forschungen und Experimenten ging aus von der lateinischen Übersetzung eines ins Latein übersetzten Traktates des großen arabischen Gelehrten Ibn al-Haitam / Alhazen (um 1000). Ein enger Vertrauter des künftigen Papstes Clemens IV., Roger Bacon, unterstützte 1266–1268 den Bau eines ersten westeuropäischen Brennspiegels durch den pikardischen Ingenieur Pierre de Maricourt. Durch Bacon gelangten wichtige Informationen an die päpstliche Kurie. Sie war damals ein wichtiges Zentrum auch der Naturforschung. Außer der Hoffnung auf praktische Nutzung konzentrierter Sonnenwärme in verschiedenen Gewerben faszinierte der Gedanke eines militärischen Einsatzes gegen die Muslime im Heiligen Land. Das Interesse an Brennspiegeln erlahmte nie, es ist in Form der CSP-Technologie von großer aktueller Bedeutung, leidet aber erneut unter vorherrschend finanzieller Bewertung.
Effect of Cooking Conditions on Quality Characteristics of Confit Cod: Prediction by MRI
Authors: Pérez Palacios Trinidad , Caballero Daniel , Bravo Sara , Mir Bel Jorge , Antequera Teresa
Published: June 2017

This study evaluates the effect of low temperature (60, 64 and 68 °C) and different times (15 and 20 min) of cooking on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of confit cod and analyzes confit cod in a non-destructive way by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer vision techniques. Higher scores for acceptability and flavor in 60 °C–20 min and 64 °C–20 min samples and some physicochemical differences were found. These results allow distinguishing four groups of confit cods as a function of cooking conditions – 60 °C–15 min/68 °C–15 min/68 °C–20 min/60 °C–20 min, 64 °C–15 min, 64 °C–20 min – and proposing to cook confit cod at 60–64 °C during 20 min. Prediction by means of computational texture features from MRI gave moderate-to-good correlation (0.6–0.75) for six quality attributes and very good-to-excellent relationship (0.75–1) for other six. Thus, computational texture features seem to be appropriate to determine the quality attributes of confit cod in a non-destructive way.