bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal Effects, Migration and Legacy Studies
Authors: Marbach Moritz
Published: November 2021

Political scientists have long been interested in the persistent effects of history on contemporary behavior and attitudes. To estimate legacy effects, studies often compare people living in places that were historically exposed to some event and those that were not. Using principal stratification, we provide a formal framework to analyze how migration limits our ability to learn about the persistent effects of history from observed differences between historically exposed and unexposed places. We state the necessary assumptions about movement behavior to causally identify legacy effects. We highlight that these assumptions are strong; therefore, we recommend that legacy studies circumvent bias by collecting data on people's place of residence at the exposure time. Reexamining a study on the persistent effects of US civil-rights protests, we show that observed attitudinal differences between residents and non-residents of historic protest sites are more likely due to migration rather than attitudinal change.
The Sound of Life in Marcel Beyer’sFlughunde (The Karnau Tapes)
Authors: Rotaru Arina
Published: November 2021

In Marcel Beyer’s celebrated Flughunde (1995), the discovery of an underground archive of sound in the aftermath of the Cold War—preserved despite strategies apparently calling for its mechanical destruction—reassigns agency and voice to instrumentalized victims of National Socialism. By highlighting the close connection between an alleged security custodian of the archive, the actual National Socialist sound cartographer Hermann Karnau, and Moreau, a character bearing a strong resemblance to the protagonist of H. G. Wells’s 1896 novel The Island of Doctor Moreau, Beyer’s novel draws attention to a utopian experiment with life that was carried out in the wake of the colonial enterprise in the Pacific and posits additional historical undertones manifested in Karnau’s National Socialist experiments with sound. Karnau’s attempt to master vocal timbre in particular foregrounds technologies that make it possible to manipulate voice and memory in the post-Fascist and post-Communist present. In spite of technological alteration, archived voices of colonial and National Socialist subjects manifest a vitalist aesthetic. With its concern for race, sound, and memory, the novel breaks new ground in telling the story of the National Socialist and colonial past in the aftermath of the Cold War.
Parametric Study of Factors Affecting Lateral Stability of a Public Transportation Vehicle
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Indonesia, Mulia Vania Katherine , Endrasari Fitri , Wibowo Djati , Veza Ibham ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

The availability of public transport is one of the solutions to traffic congestion in Jakarta. Focusing on angkot, one of the public transport types in Jakarta, this study discusses a model and simulations to investigate several factors that affect its lateral stability. Those factors include rear tire inflation pressure, passenger configuration, velocity, and downhill inclination angle. The results show that the stability of an angkot is proportional to the rear tires cornering stiffness. It also has an indirect relationship with the passenger configuration within the angkot. Moreover, the stability of an angkot decreases as its velocity and the angle of the inclined road increase. In general, this study is expected to have a contribution to the development of public transport in Jakarta, especially angkot.
THE PLACE OF SOFT SKILLS SOCIAL SKILLS IN THE SYSTEM OF COMPETENCES OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS
Authors: Kochubey Tetiana , Tkachuk Yuliia
Published: November 2021

The article considers the issues of future social workers' competencies and the need to develop three groups of skills: hard skills, soft skills, digital skills. The relationship between social skills and soft skills has been established. The main components of soft skills for future social workers are identified critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication. The main methods of future social workers' social skills development of soft skills in Ukrainian modern institutions of higher education are established self-study (on mastering the models of effective activity); search for the opposite (regarding the effectiveness of professional activities from the standpoint of gaining personal experience); studying the experience of successful people, interaction with the coach (mentor); situational training; case methods; a combination of obtaining the necessary education with the implementation of activities in the speciality (dual education).
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE EDUCATORS OF SPEECH THERAPISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF PEDAGOGICAL COLLEGE: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Kuznietsova Oksana
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the regulatory and legal documents that regulate the main components of the professional compliance of teachers and the applicants of professional preliminary education.

The works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, which disclose general issues of the teacher’s professional competence development and factors of future teachers’ competencies developing in the system of higher education. Scientists’ detailed views on the teachers’ communicative competence developing in higher education.

The scientists’ views on the future educators’ communicative competence developing of preschool education institutions in higher education are investigated. Particular attention is focused on the communicative competence of future educators of speech therapists – one of the specialities, which requires communicative skills and high professionalism.

The issue of preschool teachers’ communicative competence has been covered by scientists in various aspects. At the same time, it should be noted that the issue of developing of communicative competence of future educators of speech therapy groups in pedagogical colleges has been insufficiently studied and requires thorough research. 

After all, at the present stage, the learning of children with speech defects requires not only the use of special techniques in correctional and developmental work with them but also teachers’ high communicative competence, including educators of speech therapy groups.

The essence and characteristics of the concepts of communicative competence of educators of speech therapy groups need further study.
PHD STUDENTS’ TRAINING FOR MANAGING A RESEARCH PROJECTS: FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM «SOCIAL WORK»
Authors: Kravchenko Oksana , Koliada Nataliia
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the specialists’ training in mastering the methodology of project management as an important component in the implementation of educational programs. It was found that an important condition for effective and innovative scientific activity is the readiness of the individual for research work, his research activity, research behaviour, and therefore, knowledge of the essence of methodology and organization of research project management is mandatory. In particular, it is reasonably expedient to form readiness for such activities in applicants of the third (educational-scientific) level of 'PhD' as future researchers who obtain an education and at the same time the first science degree. 

The objective of the article is to summarize the practical experience of preparing PhD applicants in the speciality '231 Social Work' to manage research projects as part of the educational and scientific program 'Social Work'.

Analysis of the project activities of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education allows us to conclude that active participants in the development and implementation of research projects are doctoral candidates (a third (educational and scientific) level of higher education, the educational and scientific program "Social Work"). It is important to note that these projects, although they have different forms of implementation (from socio-cultural practices to youth policy), at the same time meet the requirements of an interdisciplinary approach and have a social focus. This corresponds both to the national requirements for PhD training and to international standards and recommendations for ensuring the quality of PhD programs in social work. 

At the same time, such practical project activity, along with studying the theoretical principles of research project management, allows PhD students to form program results to determine the goals, content and structure of research projects, analyze financial needs and funding sources, control the project implementation process and adjust its implementation plan; project risk management, etc.
Retrospective Research exploring gestational atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. Essam ElDin , Abd Elgawad Mostafa Abd El-nassier
Published: November 2021

Aim: A retrospective research study revealing clinical features and prognostic parameters of 22 cases of gestational atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Methodology: A retrospective research study in an analytical manner of 22 cases of gestational Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome from the Demerdash Maternity Hospital records using diverse management protocols. Results: 12 cases underwent plasma exchange management protocol with a favourable impact regarding renal response in only 8 cases. On the contrary, 10 cases were managed with high dose plasma infusion with an excellent renal response in 7 cases by regaining renal functional capacity in managed cases. Conclusion: The research performed by our group revealed considerable effectiveness of high dose therapy plasma infusion management of atypical HUS. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is the recommended treatment of HUS, this cumbersome procedure may not be available for all patients in an emergency. In this context, plasma infusion may represent an alternative first-line therapy.
Sonographic Versus Clinical Fetal Weight Estimation Accuracy
Authors: El Helali Amr abd el Fattah , El Sayed Amal el Shabrawi , Ali Hassan Wesal Hamdi
Published: November 2021

Background: Sonographic fetal weight estimation is an important component of antenatal care. It was found to be more reliable method to establish fetal weight at term and more consistent in various period of gestations. Aim of study: to compare clinical and sonographic methods for assessment of fetal weight regarding sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Subjects and Methods: The study recruited 100 women scheduled for delivery from ante-natal care clinic with 38 weeks or more of gestation. Fetal weight was assed clinically and by ultrasound. Both techniques were compared and analyzed. Results: Ultrasound assessment of fetal weight showed better performance than the clinical method regarding absolute errors and error percentages. Ultrasound assessment showed better sensitivity and specificity in detecting fetal weight > 3500 gm. Moreover, it showed less bias on Bland–Altman plot analysis. Conclusions: Ultrasound assessment of fetal weight is safe, reliable and sensitive method of fetal weight estimation.
Cancer and Physical Activity
Authors: M.Othman Gomaa
Published: November 2021

Colon cancer is one of the most extensively studied cancers in relation to physical activity. A 2009 meta-analysis of 52 epidemiologic studies that examined the association between physical activity and colon cancer risk found that the most physically active individuals had a 24% lower risk of colon cancer than those who were the least physically active. A pooled analysis of data on leisure-time physical activity (activities done at an individual’s discretion generally to improve or maintain fitness or health) from 12 prospective U.S. and European cohort studies reported a risk reduction of 16%, when comparing individuals who were most active to those where least active. Incidence of both distal colon and proximal colon cancers is lower in people who are more physically active than in those who are less physically active. Physical activity is also associated with a decreased risk of colon adenomas (polyps), a type of colon polyp that may develop into colon cancer. However, it is less clear whether physical activity is associated with lower risks that polyps that have been removed will come back.
Surgical repair of an osseous avulsion of the adductor sleeve complex of the groin: a case report
Authors: Grewal Simran , Ouden Lars den , E. Scholtens Alexander , P. Eerenberg Jan , A.W. Verhagen Ronald
Published: November 2021

Sports-related groin injuries are common among athletes. Avulsion of the tendons attached to the symphysis pubis has previously been described. These can be managed both operatively and non-operatively. To our knowledge a complete osseous avulsion of the adductor sleeve has not been described previously. We report a case of a 56-year-old healthy man who sustained an acute osseous avulsion of the adductor sleeve complex on the left side, which was surgically repaired with bone anchors and a mesh. Return to normal activity was reached 8 weeks after immobilization and full return to play for all sports activities in 12 weeks.
Neurorehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease: Is It Time for A New Approach?
Authors: Di IORIO Walter , MANZO Valentino
Published: November 2021

In the latest years a lot of studies have been published about neurorehabilitation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These studies have clearly demostrated the efficacy of neurorehabilitation in all phases of the disease. In spite of various medical and surgical treatments for Parkinson's disease, infact, patients gradually develop significant physical problems [1]. Physiotherapy aims to enable people with PD to maintain their maximum level of mobility, activity, and functional independence over time. A range of approaches to movement rehabilitation are used based on physical terapy. As recently demonstrated by a Cochrane review [1] benefit for physiotherapy was found in most outcomes over the short term (i.e. < 3 months) but was significant only for speed, two- or six-minute walk test, Freezing of Gait questionnaire, Timed Up & Go, Functional Reach Test, Berg Balance Scale, and clinician-rated UP. Moreover this review illustrates that a wide range of approaches are employed by physiotherapists to treat patients with PD.
Unindustrialized Nations and Migration of Work Force: Evaluation of Human Capital during Globalization Era
Authors: Shoja Shafti Saeed
Published: November 2021

Among four essential features of globalization, which have been identified by the International Monetary Fund, immigration and leaving fatherland, has an important place, because it is about the human capital, which is the basis for social motion, organization, and evolution. During the last three decades of the 20th century, and continuing through the first two decades of the 21st century, there has been an increasing inflow of immigration to the world’s most highly developed countries. Parallel to the said move, brain drain, as well, is defined as the migration of educated workers in search of higher salaries, better standard of living and quality of life, access to advanced technology and more stable political circumstances in different places around the world. Limited career structures, poor intellectual stimulation, lack of research funding, threats of violence; and absence of good schooling are among the well-known motives for migration. By the way, brain drain has long been regarded as a serious restraint on the development of poor countries. While early literature supports the view that skilled migration is definitely damaging for those left behind, there are several recent studies that suggest that migration may in fact foster human capital formation and growth in sending countries. Before globalization, psychological problems of immigrants, like acculturation, had already a specific place in psychiatry. Now, while with increasing number of migrants, new accommodations and programs for responding to psychosocial complications of this huge number of refugees, outcasts, or valid émigrés seems more mandatory than before, the move toward universal measures, diagnoses and treatments of mental illness is inconsistent with the belief that mental distress is culturally and socially mediated. In the present article, the aforesaid circumstances, with reference to developing societies, have been surveyed from different perspectives.
A Didactic Dilemma in Emerging Societies: Devaluing Journal Club in Medical Working out
Authors: Shoja Shafti Saeed
Published: November 2021

A journal club is a scholastic conference in which a group of persons discuss issued articles, providing an opportunity for a shared effort to keep up with the current writings. The emphasis of journal clubs has supposedly shifted over the years. What was once a setting in which the world's recent literature was analyzed became a setting for talking over clinical issues raised by the writings and, most recently, a setup for learning critical reading abilities to physicians or other associated authorities. Nevertheless, so far there is no generally accepted definition of journal club, even though this academic method has been around for more than a century and has evolved basically during this period. In the present paper, conceptual and applied features of journal club, especially in developing countries, is surveyed, to discuss an apparent underrating of journal club in some medical departments, which could be due to misunderstanding of new philosophies, or to talk about the necessity of modification of an academic misconduct, which could be attributable to didactic unawareness.
Intergenerational Facility Alternatives: Transitioning Care Options for Aging Parents and Children with Autism
Authors: Wolf Hallie , Chmieleski Benjamin , Wood-Nartker Jeanneane
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The objective was twofold: 1) summarize research-informed environmental characteristics into Mostafa’s seven ASPECTSS™ criteria for people who are aging, and for children who have autism, and 2) apply those characteristics within the context of a Green House planned intergenerational facility providing support to adult child with autism, and their parent(s). Background: The rate of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses is increasing, making it important to design spaces for people with ASD. Approximately 85% of children with ASD live with their parents (Mykyta, 2012). Ahrentzen & Steele (2010) identified the need to develop housing options for people with ASD. Method: Design considerations from a literature review were organized into two tables: 1) aging adults and 2) people who have ASD. Shared characteristics were placed into a third table using Mostafa’s seven ASPECTSS™ criteria, and then applied to the intergenerational facility plan to demonstrate the effectiveness of intentional planning by caregivers and the design community. Results: When integrating Mostafa’s ASPECTSS™ framework, and the intergenerational Green House Model, the application of design choices within housing demonstrates that appropriately designed space can positively impact persons and families with autism, regardless of age. Conclusion: Findings show numerous overlapping design criteria for people with autism and aging adults that can lead to effective environmental solutions for both. This facility type has the potential to minimize family fracture since aging parents are supported in their ability to care for their child with autism.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Exercise and Patient Return to Previous Activities in Patients Referring to Razi and Poursina and Aria Hospitals of Rasht du
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Manouchehr , zia ziabari Mostafa , Reza Asgary Mohammad , Ebrahimiyan Ramin , Fomani Ali Alavi , Jafarnegad Alirza , Tangestaninejad Azita
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is sub pleural bleb apical rupture. Little is known about the relationship between PSP and exercise and return to exercise time. In this study, we tend to investigate the relationship between exercise and PSP and time of return to exercise and previous activities. Method: This study was designed as a case series and the sample size included all patients diagnosed with PSP in Razi and Poursina and Aria hospitals of Rasht during 2015-2019 based on inclusion criteria. Variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Chi square, Mann Whitney U and t-test (p<0.05). Results: The most common type of treatment in patients was transaxillary thoracotomy with pleurodesis with iodine (TTP) in 58.2% and tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis in 41.7%, which was not statistically significant between athletes and non-athletes (p=0.806). Athletes who underwent TTP after 4 weeks and those treated with tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis after 8-12 weeks were advised to return to their previous activity. Of athletes, 9.5% had recurrence; of non-athletes, 9.8% had recurrence. Of athletes, 4.8% did not tolerate a return to their previous activity; of non-athletes, 7.3% did not tolerate returning to their previous activity regardless of treatment, and this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Our study showed no significant difference between clinical manifestations and image findings as well as frequency of treatment and complications in both athlete and non-athlete patients. There is no increase in recurrence and intolerance at the time recommended for return to previous activity.
This is the easy repair of Femoral Hernia
Authors: Rodríguez Pedro Rolando López , Rocha Jorge Satorre , González Olga León , Quiala Luis Marrero , Castillo Eduardo Garcia , Ceruto Ortiz Lais Angèlica
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Various techniques have been developed for the repair of femoral hernia. The technique with the Lichtenstein Plug since 1989 has allowed to obtain a lower rate of complications and recurrences. AIM: The aim of this work is to review the experience of our basic group of work in the surgical treatment of femoral hernia using this technique. Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted in our basic work group from the surgery service of the General Teaching Hospital “Enrique Cabrera” between 2009 and 2020, to which this surgical technique was applied (Plug Lichtenstein). We study the anatomical variants of hernias as well as post-operative complications and clinical evolution. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years (19-92 years), being the female with the highest incidence 81,7%, as well as, the most frequent location the right, 64.7%. The prosthesis used in the hernioplasty was that of polypropylene. Local anesthesia was applied to 48 patients (67,6%) of them. The average surgical time was25 minutes, (15-65 minutes). Ambulation was early and the average hospital stay was lessthan 24 hours, in most patients. Only one infectionof the wound and one hernia recurrence in one patient was confirmed. Conclusion: Therefore, we believe that the Lichtenstein Plug technique should be considered among the techniques of choice in the treatment of femoral hernia
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis in a patient with lung cancer
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: November 2021

A 62-year-old man was hospitalized in the emergency room because of severe and persistent abdominal pain with bloody diarrhea (14 stools per day over baseline). He had peritoneal signs, with severe periumbilical tenderness and active bowel sounds. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed thickened wall of the colon. Laboratory evaluation revealed a hemoglobin level of 11.5 g per deciliter (normal range, 13.5 to 17.5). For the previous 4 weeks, the patient had been taking the immune-checkpoint inhibitor toripalimab (targeting programmed death 1, 240 mg once daily) for small-cell lung cancer. Stool tests for Clostridioides difficile infection and other gastrointestinal pathogens yielded negative results. A colonoscopy revealed numerous erosions/ulcers with marked erythema, absent vascular pattern, and friability (Figure A). Biopsy specimens from the colon confirmed severe inflammatory changes, well differentiated glands, crypt abscess, diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration and plasma cell aggregation
Ossification of Non-vascularized Free-Fibula Graft for Mandibular Reconstruction after Resection of Ameloblastoma: Review of Literature and Presentation of 2 cases
Authors: David Dhalwale Georgina
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin occurring more commonly in the mandibular posterior region and rarely in the maxilla. About 50-60% of ameloblastomas occur in the mandibular ramus area, while only 10% is seen in mandibular anterior region. Ameloblastomas are slow growing, locally invasive, rarely malignant tumours affecting the jaw. Mostly commonly seen in the 4th-6th decade of life affecting males more commonly than females. The resection of the mandibular segment without adequate reconstruction leads to functional as well as esthetic loss. Case Report: Here we describe two case reports of ameloblastoma with segmental resection and reconstruction using fibula graft. Discussion & Review of Literature: Avascular fibula graft with its high bone density, ease of access to harvest, and tendency to show less resorption helps to achieve satisfactory esthetic contour and function in reconstruction of segmental defects of mandible Conclusion: This article describes two case reports of ameloblastoma with segmental resection and reconstruction using fibula graft along with review of literature.
O potrzebie badań bilingwizmu w historii polszczyzny
Authors: Zarębski Rafał
Published: November 2021

Bilingwizm na gruncie polskiego językoznawstwa interesuje badaczy głównie w wymiarzewspółczesnym. Ostatnio jednak daje się zauważyć rosnącą tendencję do opisówbilingwizmu jednostkowego i grupowego w ujęciu historycznym. W kontekście zachowańbilingwalnych rozpatruje się coraz częściej problemy dawniej podejmowane z innejperspektywy. Zmiana optyki, wiążąca się z podkreśleniem roli bilingwizmu w historiipolszczyzny, stanowi skutek kilku czynników. Do najważniejszych należy odchodzenieod normatywnego stosunku do zagadnienia kontaktów językowych, wartościującegonegatywnie przejawy mieszania języków oraz porzucenie przekonania o marginalnejskali zjawiska w polskiej przeszłości językowej. Celem opracowania jest przyjrzenie siędotychczasowym opisom bilingwizmu historycznego, zwrócenie uwagi na źródła badańoraz próba wskazania perspektyw badawczych, jakie otwiera ten kierunek.
Botoks, słońce i podróże. Językowy obraz szczęścia w niemieckich życzeniach urodzinowych dla 65-latków
Authors: Miller Dorota
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza życzeń urodzinowych jako przykładów grzeczności językowej.Materiał badawczy stanowi korpus składający się ze stu życzeń z okazji 65. urodzin,tj. momentu przejścia na emeryturę, pojawiających się na najpopularniejszych niemieckojęzycznychstronach internetowych z życzeniami. W nawiązaniu do koncepcji językowegoobrazu świata przeprowadzona analiza ma na celu rekonstrukcję językowego obrazuszczęścia kreowanego w niemieckojęzycznych internetowych aktach życzeń. Wysoceskonwencjonalizowane teksty życzeń wskazują bowiem na wspólny dla nadawcy i odbiorcyżyczeń system wartości (ogólnie pojęte szczęście/pomyślność i/lub bardziej uszczegółowionewartości takie jak radość, zdrowie, materialny dobrobyt, długie życie, przyszłe doświadczenia,sukces/kariera, spokój/odpoczynek, szczęśliwe/udane relacje z bliskimi osobami,radosne/udane świętowanie urodzin) utrwalonych w języku i składających się na szczęście.Praca zawiera także uwagi dotyczące struktury oraz stopnia skonwencjonalizowaniażyczeń urodzinowych. Oprócz tradycyjnych realizacji aktu życzeń przedstawiono liczneprzykłady przełamywania konwencji gatunkowej (m.in. współwystępujące akty mowytakie jak podziękowanie, pochwała/komplement, gratulacje, toast), ilustrujące zmianydokonujące się we współczesnym modelu grzeczności.
Wizualizacja informacji na przykładzie tekstów medialnych poświęconych koronawirusowi
Authors: Makowska Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji nad możliwościami wizualizacji informacji w mediachspołecznościowych. Przedmiotem analizy mediolingwistycznej czyni komunikaty powstałew związku z pandemią koronawirusa, opublikowane na Twitterze przez polskich nadawcówinstytucjonalnych (KPRM, GIS, MZ). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zróżnicowanychpod względem językowym, strukturalnym i funkcjonalnym form wizualizacji informacji,uwzględniających specyfikę medium, jakim jest Twitter. Jak dowodzi analiza korpusu,zróżnicowanie semiotyczne tych komunikatów ma związek z realizowanymi przez niefunkcjami, wśród których dominują funkcja informacyjna, edukacyjna i prospołeczna.Korelacja ta sprawia, że teksty te spełniają warunki funkcjonalnego designu informacji.
PURIFICAÇÃO DE PROTEASES DE Aspergillus heteromorphus URM 0269 POR SISTEMA DE DUAS FASES AQUOSAS PEG-Citrato
Authors: Maria Eduarda Menezes Rocha , Yuri Matheus Silva Amaral , Rodrigo Lira de Oliveira , Wanessa Braz da Silva , Tatiana Souza Porto
Published: November 2021

As proteases são enzimas capazes de catalisar a hidrólise de ligações peptídicas e apresentam diversas aplicações biotecnológicas, sendo uma das principais enzimas empregadas nos diferentes setores industriais, especialmente na indústria de alimentos. A produção dessas enzimas através de métodos fermentativos apresenta diversas vantagens como baixo custo, rendimento elevado e produção em larga escala, porém, a presença de impurezas nos extratos obtidos no final do processo pode ocasionar diminuição no potencial biotecnológico em termos de aplicações, sendo assim, necessário técnicas que proporcionem a viabilidade da função e estrutura das proteases. O Sistema de Duas Fases Aquosas (SDFA) é uma técnica simples, econômica e com elevando rendimento de extração. Diante disso, o SDFA PEG/Citrato foi utilizado para extrair e purificar parcialmente as proteases produzidas a partir do micro-organismo Aspergillus heteromorphus URM 0269 por fermentação submersa (FSm). Para essa finalidade, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial completo 2 4 tendo como variáveis reposta o coeficiente de partição (K), recuperação (Y) e fator de purificação (FP) e as variáveis independentes estudadas foram a massa molar de PEG (MPEG), concentração de PEG (CPEG), concentração de citrato (CCITRATO) e pH. A protease apresentou maior preferência pela fase superior, rica em PEG, onde as variáveis MPEG e CCITRATO, bem como a interação entre ambas, apresentaram efeitos significativos para todas as variáveis resposta. O ensaio 5 (MPEG 400g/mol, CPEG 24% m/m, CCITRATO 20% m/m, pH 6) apresentou os melhores resultados K (9,24), Y (222,53%) e FP (1,93). A utilização do SDFA se mostrou eficiente para extração e purificação parcial da protease obtida por Aspergillus heteromorphus URM 0269 apresentando elevadas recuperações, indicando a possibilidade de aplicação na extração de proteases com potencial de aplicação industrial, especialmente na indústria de alimentos.
Loneliness, Not Social Support, Is Associated with Cognitive Decline and Dementia Across Two Longitudinal Population-Based Cohorts
Authors: Freak-Poli Rosanne , Wagemaker Nina , Wang Rui , Lysen Thom S. , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. , Dintica Christina S. , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Melis Rene J.F. , Laukka Erika J. , Fratiglioni Laura , Xu Weili , Tiemeier Henning
Published: November 2021

Background: Poor social health is likely associated with cognitive decline and risk of dementia; however, studies show inconsistent results. Additionally, few studies separate social health components or control for mental health. Objective: To investigate whether loneliness and social support are independently associated with cognitive decline and risk of dementia, and whether depressive symptoms confound the association. Methods: We included 4,514 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (RS; aged 71±7SD years) followed up to 14 years (median 10.8, interquartile range 7.4–11.6), and 2,112 participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K; aged 72±10SD years) followed up to 10 years (mean 5.9±1.6SD). At baseline, participants were free of major depression and scored on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥26 for RS and ≥25 for SNAC-K. We investigated loneliness, perceived social support, and structural social support (specifically marital status and number of children). In both cohorts, dementia was diagnosed and cognitive function was repeatedly assessed with MMSE and a global cognitive factor (g-factor). Results: Loneliness was prospectively associated with a decline in the MMSE in both cohorts. Consistently, persons who were lonely had an increased risk of developing dementia (RS: HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.08–1.67; SNAC-K: HR 2.16, 95%CI 1.12–4.17). Adjustment for depressive symptoms and exclusion of the first 5 years of follow-up did not alter results. Neither perceived or structural social support was associated with cognitive decline or dementia risk. Conclusion: Loneliness, not social support, predicted cognitive decline and incident dementia independently of depressive symptoms.
Is Acculturation Associated with the Cognitive Performance of Older Hispanics?
Authors: Alam Rifat B. , Singleton Chelsea R. , Aguiñaga Susan , Chodzko-Zajko Wojtek , Jahan Nilufer A. , Oke Adeyosola , Schwingel Andiara
Published: November 2021

Background: Hispanics in the United States are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Little is known about the impact of acculturation on cognitive performance. Objective: This study examined the association between acculturation and cognitive performance among older Hispanics. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of 616 Hispanic participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 [average age = 67.15 years, %Female = 51.46, %less than high-school graduate = 52.60]. Cognitive performance was measured by two neuropsychological tests: Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We used two single-item proxy measures to quantify acculturation: nativity status (non-US-born residing < 15 years in the US (low acculturation), non-US-born residing ≥15 years in the US, and US-born (high acculturation)); and language acculturation (only/mostly Spanish (low acculturation), Spanish and English, only/mostly English (high acculturation)). We used adjusted linear regression to evaluate associations between acculturation and cognitive performance. Results: Results indicated poorer cognitive performance among the low-acculturated groups for both nativity and linguistic measures. Participants who were non-US-born living ≥15 years (p = 0.02) and speaking only/mostly Spanish or Spanish and English (p = 0.01 and 0.006 respectively) had significantly lower AFT scores compared to US-born and only/mostly English-speaking groups. Participants who were non-US-born living < 15 years (p < 0.0001) or non-US-born living ≥15 years (p < 0.0001) and speaking only/mostly Spanish (p = 0.0008) scored lower on the DSST than the US-born and only/mostly English-speaking participants. Conclusion: In summary, low acculturation is associated with poorer cognitive performance among older Hispanics. Acculturation might be an important attribute to help understand cognitive decline and dementias among Hispanics.
Interpretations of belief functions in approximation operators by covering
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lan , Li Chang-Qing
Published: November 2021

The rough set theory and the evidence theory are two important methods used to deal with uncertainty. The relationships between the rough set theory and the evidence theory have been discussed. In covering rough set theory, several pairs of covering approximation operators are characterized by belief and plausibility functions. The purpose of this paper is to review and examine interpretations of belief functions in covering approximation operators. Firstly, properties of the belief structures induced by two pairs of covering approximation operators are presented. Then, for a belief structure with the properties, there exists a probability space with a covering such that the belief and plausibility functions defined by the given belief structure are, respectively, the belief and plausibility functions induced by one of the two pairs of covering approximation operators. Moreover, two necessary and sufficient conditions for a belief structure to be the belief structure induced by one of the two pairs of covering approximation operators are presented.
Examining barriers and strategies for effective professional or interagency collaboration in secondary transition
Authors: Magee Elizabeth , Plotner Anthony
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: For young adults with disabilities, post-high school outcomes in employment, higher education, and independent living are markedly worse than for peers without disabilities. As a result, legislation and research aimed at supporting transitioning students with disabilities has increased. Further, numerous initiatives that better support youth and families have been implemented at the state and local level. Collaboration within and across service delivery systems has been identified as a critical aspect of transition planning and supports; however, evidence-based research related to the implementation and effects of collaborative partnerships is limited. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we identify transition professionals’ perceptions of collaborative factors that facilitate and inhibit collaboration. METHOD: This study utilizes a single-state survey research design to examine the viewpoints of people in transition professions, specifically educators, Vocational Rehabilitation professionals, and community supports providers. RESULTS: Variances in perceptions were found among participant role groups. Specifically, educators as a whole report that time and workload barriers affect their ability to collaborate effectively. Further, findings indicate that ensuring individual collaborative team member responsibility is perceived as an effective strategy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be applied to technical assistance providers when developing team-level evaluations to monitor current levels and support needs of collaborative transition planning teams.
MS JobSeek: A pilot randomized controlled trial of an online peer discussion forum for job-seekers with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dorstyn Diana , Oxlad Melissa , Roberts Rachel , Murphy Gregory , Potter Elizabeth , Kneebone Ian , Craig Ashley
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Peer-facilitated interventions have been successfully used in chronic disease management. Less is known about their application in vocational rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To pilot-test an online peer discussion forum to improve exploration of employment options in job-seekers with long-term multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Twenty-nine persons with relapsing/progressive MS (4–27 years since diagnosis) were recruited online and randomly assigned to an 8-week discussion forum led by peers and a moderator, MS JobSeek (n = 14), or an active control group (n = 15). Forum engagement and user satisfaction were examined, as were pre-post self-evaluations of job search behaviour, efficacy, and quality of life. RESULTS: A high (43%) attrition rate was noted, although intervention completers acknowledged and valued online mentors’ guidance and expertise. Group and time effects were not significant (p < 0.05), with both MS JobSeek and control participants reporting positive (e.g., increase in job search activities) and negative (e.g., lowered self-efficacy) change. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot findings suggest that online peer support is feasible, however more can be done to promote peer-to-peer communication. Recommendations for improving forum engagement and satisfaction in a future controlled trial, including strategies to better support mentees’ individualised needs, are offered.
Diverse data! Diverse schemata?
Authors: Janowicz Krzysztof , Shimizu Cogan , Hitzler Pascal , Mai Gengchen , Stephen Shirly , Zhu Rui , Cai Ling , Zhou Lu , Schildhauer Mark , Liu Zilong , Wang Zhangyu , Shi Meilin
Published: November 2021

One of the key value propositions for knowledge graphs and semantic web technologies is fostering semantic interoperability, i.e., integrating data across different themes and domains. But why do we aim at interoperability in the first place? A common answer to this question is that each individual data source only contains partial information about some phenomenon of interest. Consequently, combining multiple diverse datasets provides a more holistic perspective and enables us to answer more complex questions, e.g., those that span between the physical sciences and the social sciences. Interestingly, while these arguments are well established and go by different names, e.g., variety in the realm of big data, we seem less clear about whether the same arguments apply on the level of schemata. Put differently, we want diverse data, but do we also want diverse schemata or a single one to rule them all?
Issues in specifying contrast in building elements for people with a visual disability
Authors: Dain Stephen John , Bridge Catherine , Relf Mark , Lukman Aldyfra Luhulima , Manandhar Sarita , Boon Mei Ying
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Standards writers, national and international, have used different contrast calculations to set requirements in building elements for people with visual impairments. On the other hand, they have typically set a single requirement (30%) for specifying the minimum contrast. The systems are not linearly related and 30% means something rather different in each system. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comparison of the various scales in order to illustrate the differences caused by multiple scales with a single compliance value, recommend a single scale for universal adoption and, if a new measure is problematic for implementation, to recommend the most perceptually uniform of the present methods. METHODS: We use the contrast between combinations of 205 paint colours to illustrate the relationships between the measures. We use an internationally accepted scale, with equal perceptual steps, as a “gold standard” to identify the most perceptually uniform measurement scale in the existing methods. RESULTS: We show that Michelson contrast is the most perceptually uniform of the existing measurement scales. We show the contrasts in the proposed method that equate to the various current requirements. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that CIE Metric Lightness could be used as the contrast measure. Alternatively, Michelson contrast is the most perceptually linear of the current measurement scales.
What is meant by case management for the return-to-work of workers with musculoskeletal disorders? A scoping review
Authors: Soler-Font Mercè , Ramada José Maria , Montero-Moraga José Maria , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco , Merelles Antoni , Macdonald Ewan B. , Serra Consol
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Case management interventions have shown to be effective to prevent musculoskeletal pain and disability, but a single definition has not been achieved, nor an agreed profile for case managers. OBJECTIVE: To describe the elements that define case management and case managers tasks for return-to-work of workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). METHODS: A comprehensive computerized search of articles published in English until February 16, 2021 was carried out in several bibliographic databases. Grey literature was obtained through a search of 13 key websites. A peer-review screening of titles and abstracts was carried out. Full text in-depth analysis of the selected articles was performed for data extraction and synthesis of results. RESULTS: We identified 2,422 documents. After full-text screening 31 documents were included for analysis. These were mostly European and North American and had an experimental design. Fifteen documents were published between 2010 to 2021 and of these 7 studies were published from 2015. Fifteen elements were identified being the commonest “return-to-work programme” (44.4%) and “multidisciplinary assessment/interdisciplinary intervention” (44.4%). Of 18 tasks found, the most frequent was “establishing goals and planning return-to-work rehabilitation” (57.7%). Eighteen referral services were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Despite there were several elements frequently reported, some elements with scientific evidence of their importance to deal with MSDs (e.g. early return-to-work) were almost not mentioned. This study proposes key points for the description of case management and case managers tasks.
Drudgery assessment and ergonomic evaluation of pedal operated Ragi (Eleusine Coracana) thresher
Authors: Hota Smrutilipi , Mishra J.N. , Mohanty S.K. , Khadatkar Abhijit , Chandel A.K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Ragi (Eleusine Coracana) is a major food crop for the tribal population of India. OBJECTIVE: This study emphasizes the need to consider ergonomics aspects in the design and development of a pedal operated ragi thresher (PORT) for tribal people, and assesses the drudgery as well as ergonomic evaluation of a developed thresher against the conventional practice. METHODS: Thirty subjects (male = 15 and female = 15) from the tribal region were evaluated ergonomically. The physiological responses of the subjects were studied and their performance was compared. RESULTS: The results revealed that the working heart rate, oxygen consumption rate and overall discomfort rating were significantly higher in case of traditional threshing as compared to those in case of PORT. Postural analysis identified the traditional method as the most fatigue one as the person has to lift the hand above shoulder level repeatedly and has to sit in a squatting posture for long period. CONCLUSION: The drudgery and occupational hazards to public health involved in the traditional method of threshing was reduced by using the PORT. Furthermore, the traditional method involved continuous stressed actions across the entire body, whereas the PORT involved only the lower limbs.
Job stress and resilience in Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case-control study
Authors: Shirali Gholam-Abbas , Amiri Arman , Chanani Khalil Taherzadeh , Silavi Maryam , Mohipoor Sanaz , Rashnuodi Payam
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a wide range of sociocultural pressures on nurses. Resilience is defined as one’s ability to adapt to an unpredictable situation and it can be a factor in accepting an undesirable psychosocial situation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine resilience in nurses in the face of job stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was carried out as a case-control study with participation of 400 nurses as the target group (nurses exposed to COVID-19 patients) and the control group (nurses not exposed to COVID-19 patients). To examine resilience and job stress, Conor and Davidson’s questionnaire and OSIPOW questionnaire were used respectively. RESULTS: The mean scores of job stress and resilience were significantly different between the target and control groups (p < 0.05). So that resilience in the target group was less than that in the control group. In addition, job stress in the target group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant and negative correlation between resilience and job stress and the correlation was stronger in the target group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Given the high job stress score in the participants and its negative correlation with resilience, there is need to provide the health personnel with efficient preventive and treatment approaches, improve and educate the principles of resilience, improve mental health services system, and introduce programs to control some of demographical factors in job stress such as physical activity, and employment status of nurses.