bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corona Virus Disease-2019 Symptoms and Protective Strategies
Authors: OZDEMİR Dogan
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic that causes health and social crisis all around the world. Firstly, COVID-19 was determined in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in South China. The virus spread to all continents and affecting many countries.
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern.
In this review, the current symptoms, clinical characteristics, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 that in the world the disease has caused varying degrees of illness were summarized. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients usually have fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The treatment of disease is general treatment by using antiviral drugs, vitamins, oxygen therapy. However, it is vital to determine suspected people as soon as possible and isolate them to prevent the potential transmission of infection to other patients and health care staff.
Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Hernández Osvaldo , Gomez-Gutiérrez Jaime , Sánchez Carlos
Published: February 2021

Three new sea fan species of Leptogorgia were discovered during multiple scuba diving expeditions along the Gulf of California coast and islands. Leptogorgia iridissp. nov. is distributed in the southern region of the gulf (Mexican Province), inhabiting tropical rocky reefs of the Islas Marías Archipelago (Nayarit) and Bahía Banderas (Jalisco). This species has small colonies (< 7 cm height) with at least five clearly distinct chromotypes. Leptogorgia martirensissp. nov. was found exclusively on the rocky reefs of San Pedro Mártir and San Esteban Islands located in the northern region of the Gulf of California (northern region of Cortez Province). Leptogorgia enricisp. nov. is distributed from the south to the northern region of the Gulf of California (Cortez Province), inhabiting substrates of rocky reefs, sandy and pebbly sea floors. Comprehensive ecological diving expeditions to identify and classify octocorals in the Mexican Pacific (1995–2019) indicate that L. iridissp. nov. and L. martirensissp. nov. are likely to be micro-endemics and L. enricisp. nov. is endemic to the Gulf of California, which defines their currently known biogeographic distribution ranges.
Resurrection of the Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 (Teleostei, Serranidae) and its phylogenetic position within genus Serranus
Authors: Vella Adriana , Vella Noel , Acosta-Díaz Carolina
Published: February 2021

The family Serranidae is represented by 92 genera and 579 valid species, with the genus Serranus Cuvier, 1816, containing 30 species. In this study, specimens of Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832, were collected from the Canary Islands and compared morphologically and genetically to Painted Comber, Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Mediterranean Sea. Morphological differences, especially in the colour banding pattern, were corroborated by genetic differences in mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (Rhod and PTR) markers. The mitochondrial DNA markers revealed a high level of divergence and no shared haplotypes between the two species (interspecific divergence: COI 4.31%; ND2 8.68%), and a phylogenetic analysis showed that these two species are closely related sister species sharing common ancestry. This study is therefore offering to resurrect S. papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 as a valid species increasing the number of eastern Atlantic Serranus species to 11. This should direct new species-specific research, including its population conservation status assessment across its distribution.
Analyser les stratégies chinoises liées à la Covid-19 : un cas d’étude pour l’intelligence stratégique
Authors: Hardy Mylène
Published: February 2021

Dans un monde de plus en plus engagé dans les guerres du sens entre grandes puissances, comment un analyste peut-il faire sens des informations partielles apparaissant au fur et à mesure du déroulement des événements ? À travers plusieurs exemples liés aux stratégies chinoises déployées entre janvier et septembre 2019 dans le cadre de la pandémie de Covid-19, l’article examine l’intelligence stratégique chinoise à l’œuvre, en même temps qu’il s’interroge sur l’intelligence stratégique au sens analytique du terme, et plus particulièrement sur les mécanismes de l’analyse elle-même.
Utilisation des données dans le domaine de la santé, Covid-19 et résilience territoriale
Authors: Bourret Christian , Berthilier Roland
Published: February 2021

Entreprise de l’Économie sociale et solidaire et acteur historique de l’Éducation nationale, MGEN est aujourd’hui la mutuelle des services publics. Son modèle, reposant sur une vision démocratique, met l’adhérent, et donc l’humain, au cœur de son système. À cet égard, l’épreuve de la Covid a renforcé ses valeurs de solidarité et de responsabilité. Elle a aussi accéléré certaines transformations internes, telles que le télétravail. Avec le développement des services numériques, le traitement efficace et respectueux des données reste une préoccupation constante pour cet acteur majeur de la santé, plus que jamais mobilisé et vigilant.
Les Caisses d’allocations familiales, des acteurs essentiels de la résilience des territoires
Authors: Bourret Christian , Choquer-Marchand Gaëlle , Martinot Dominique
Published: February 2021

La Caisse d’allocations familiales (Caf) de Seine-et-Marne est l’une des 101 Caf sur le territoire national. Son activité est cruciale, puisqu’elle verse des prestations familiales et sociales à un Seine-et-marnais sur deux. Face à la crise de la Covid-19, elle a su faire preuve de résilience, en déployant, dès le 11 mars 2020, un important plan d’action, qui lui a permis de poursuivre ses missions sans interruption ni dégradation. À la clé : le télétravail, la mobilisation des salariés, l’innovation.
Peut-on entrevoir les contours de la nouvelle industrie touristique ?
Authors: Fabry Nathalie , Mugnier Philippe
Published: February 2021

La crise de la Covid-19 a mis un terme à des pratiques touristiques souvent excessives ainsi qu’à la croissance des mobilités internationales (et professionnelles) par voie aérienne. Le tourisme de demain ne repartira pas sur un retour au business as usual  : si les fondamentaux demeurent, les destinations et les acteurs doivent s’adapter, se renouveler et proposer de nouveaux produits, adaptés à la période particulière que nous vivons.
Relancer le tourisme local à l’heure de la crise de la Covid-19
Authors: Bon Véronique , Chovaux Perrine
Published: February 2021

Après le confinement et les mesures sanitaires dues à la Covid-19, les instances touristiques ont été mises au défi. Comment relancer le dynamisme du territoire ? Attirer et fidéliser les visiteurs ? Au sein du Département de la Somme, l’Office de tourisme, aidé par le plan financier de relance et une charte commune, a eu à cœur de faire preuve d’adaptation et d’innovation. Pendant toute la saison estivale 2020, le public a été au rendez-vous, avec les précautions de rigueur, plébiscitant visites guidées et activités de plein air, nautiques en particulier. Il faut dire que « le Pays du Coquelicot », lieu de mémoire international marqué par la Grande Guerre, possède un patrimoine exceptionnel.
Pratiques de Gestion personnelle de l’information (GPI) des enseignants
Authors: Messaoui Anita
Published: February 2021

Cet article étudie les pratiques informationnelles des enseignants sous l’angle de la Gestion personnelle de l’information (GPI). Il aborde les questions suivantes : quelles sont les pratiques GPI des enseignants et comment ces pratiques rendent-elles compte de leur culture de l’information ? Il s’agit d’une étude exploratoire articulant un questionnaire et un suivi longitudinal de trois enseignantes pendant deux ans et demi. Les analyses portent sur deux types de situations : la conception de documents pour l’enseignement et l’organisation de la documentation. Trois domaines de connaissances sont mobilisés dans ces situations : informationnel, technologique et professionnel. Ces domaines sont des composants de la culture de l’information des enseignantes suivies.
Le Congo et Cuba
Authors: Alonso Gómez Sara
Published: February 2021

Revisitant le voyage peu connu de Ernesto Che Guevara au Congo en 1965 à partir de son Journal du Congo , l’article propose une lecture décoloniale de la coopération entre Cuba et le Congo. Considérée comme un « échec » militaire, cette mission de soutien témoigne tout à la fois d’une alliance des pays du tiers-monde et d’une volonté anticoloniale et anti-impériale d’imaginer des possibles politiques alternatifs. Elle montre aussi les difficultés de faire front commun et d’implanter au Congo l’idéal marxiste cubain de « l’homme nouveau ». Malgré cette situation ambivalente, analysée à partir du journal du Che et de photographies, cette expérience militaire a été un premier jalon tiers-mondiste d’affirmation de « modernités multiples », qui ne sont pas assujetties aux seules modernités occidentales, comme en témoigne une description de l’exposition artistique du Sud Global de La Havane en 1989, conçue par l’auteure comme en étroite filiation avec le rêve du Che.
Rappelle-moi de ne pas oublier nos territoires rêvés
Authors: Magema Michèle
Published: February 2021

La photographe, vidéaste, plasticienne et dessinatrice Michèle Magema analyse sa pratique artistique, marquée par l’exil et l’appartenance à des territoires multiples. La métamorphose, le Tout-Monde, l’état de postcolonie, la monstration du corps féminin : autant de motifs de son travail artistique. Oyé Oyé est une installation mêlant images de défilés du temps de Mobutu et reconstitution par l’artiste des codes gestuels imposés aux écoliers sous la dictature. Under The Landscape reproduit et interroge les frontières politiques du Congo. Evolve revient sur la catégorie coloniale d’« évolué ». Rappelle-moi de ne pas oublier nos territoires rêvés interroge le « retour au pays natal » de l’artiste, après plus de trente ans d’absence. Michèle Magema définit son travail comme une création de fiction, une exploration des relations entre le Congo, la France et la Belgique, une étude des effets politiques du monde globalisé sur les individus.
Congo
Authors: Ndele Sarah
Published: February 2021

L’artiste Sarah Ndele mêle une réflexion sur sa propre pratique, nourrie de l’art Yombé, à un plaidoyer en faveur du renouvellement de l’enseignement artistique au Congo qui intègrerait une histoire de l’art classique africain. Sarah Ndele explique comment ses propres créations de masques interrogent la fracture héritée de la colonisation qui est venue rompre les transmissions intergénérationnelles, produisant des « trous » de mémoire. Dans son œuvre, le plastique a remplacé le bois et les matières végétales des masques d’autrefois ; la fonte des matières plastiques récupérées forme des « larmes », qu’elle agence avec la volonté de se recomposer soi-même par son art. Les performances, réalisées au sein d’un collectif d’artistes kinois, investissent la rue et l’espace public pour interpeller les passants sur des sujets politiques parfois sensibles. Cette pratique collective de la performance est rattachée à tout un héritage culturel africain, défendu par l’artiste.
La politique en Amérique du sud, un pendule instable
Authors: Schavelzon Salvador , De Roo Priscilla
Published: February 2021

Entre le scénario d’arrivée de nouveaux gouvernements de droite et celui du retour au progressisme, l’Amérique du Sud fait preuve d’une instabilité politique et d’une crise de gouvernement qui montre la fin des structures politiques de consensus qui l’ont gouvernée ces dernières décennies. Alors qu’au Chili et dans d’autres pays, l’année 2019 a offert un panorama de nouvelles protestations, la période post-pandémique pourra peut-être engendrer une nouvelle mobilisation politique contre les formes actuelles de gouvernance et les arrangements politiques qui l’accompagnent.
Montages de rue au Chili et ailleurs
Authors: Lobos Garcia Millaray
Published: February 2021

Cet article réfléchit à ce que nous dit une photo prise durant les manifestations de rue qui ont secoué le Chili à l’automne 2019. Une voiture sur laquelle a été peint un graffiti Esto es montaje aide à analyser les différentes couches de machination, de montage, de résistance, de frustrations et d’espoirs qui se sont retrouvées pendant quelques mois dans les rue de Santiago – et qui nous parlent aussi peut-être de mobilisations et d’immobilisation comparables en d’autres points du globe.
Le système de crédit social en Chine
Authors: Arsène Séverine
Published: February 2021

Le Système de Crédit social est une réponse du gouvernement chinois à une difficulté chronique dans l’application des lois et des règlements, un enjeu formulé en termes de manque de « confiance ». Pour influencer les comportements des individus, le système recourt à des leviers plus ou moins classiques de coercition : récompenses et sanctions (listes noires), incitations plus modulaires, mais parfois peu coercitives (note personnelle), et propagande qui en appelle à la morale. L’État joue ainsi sur différents niveaux de normes, juridiques, sociales, morales. Cet article formule l’hypothèse selon laquelle le secteur privé, par son accès à des données très fines et à des outils de calculs sophistiqués, offre des possibilités de générer de l’autodiscipline au sein de la société, ce que les structures étatiques obtiennent difficilement, et que cela peut expliquer pourquoi le dispositif invite aussi au développement d’instruments de marché.
Modérer la parole sur les réseaux sociaux
Authors: Badouard Romain
Published: February 2021

La modération sur les réseaux sociaux a été l’objet de nombreuses controverses ces dernières années. Face à la pression des États européens pour inciter les grandes plateformes à réguler davantage les contenus qu’elles hébergent, celles-ci ont entrepris une réforme de leurs politiques de modération. À partir des exemples de YouTube et Facebook, trois aspects de cette réforme sont étudiés dans cet article : la révision des procédures de signalement, l’automatisation de la modération et la régulation par les infrastructures, qui consiste à jouer sur la visibilité des publications pour limiter leur viralité. À travers l’analyse des interactions entre États et plateformes sur les dossiers de la régulation des fausses informations et des discours de haine, cet article entend contribuer à la caractérisation des nouveaux régimes de gouvernement de la parole publique sur les réseaux sociaux.
Splendeurs et misères d’une start-up d’État
Authors: Alauzen Marie
Published: February 2021

Qui a tué la start-up d’État Mes-aides ? Le récit met en évidence, dans les coulisses de la modernisation de l’État français, un décès sans coupable ni bain de sang : l’avènement grandiose et la chute d’une forme inédite de gouvernementalité numérique, nommée « gouvernementalité bêta », attachée à un simulateur de droits sociaux en ligne. Cet objet technique qui pourrait sembler ennuyeux et de faible teneur politique a été, pendant plus de cinq ans, le sujet d’une dispute inédite, opposant les acteurs de la modernisation de l’État à ceux des politiques sociales, sur les moyens et la finalité de la lutte contre le non-recours aux droits et prestations sociales. À l’issue d’une enquête auprès des concepteurs de l’application, je suggère d’appréhender cet échec à la lumière de la temporalisation des dispositifs de l’action publique et d’une divergence sur le degré de clarté de l’énonciation administrative, qui permettent d’élucider quelques-unes des difficultés de la modernisation de l’État.
De l’adoption au rejet d’un commun numérique pour transformer la frontière entre État et citoyens
Authors: Shulz Sébastien
Published: February 2021

Encore peu de travaux de sciences politiques et de sociologie de l’État se sont penchés empiriquement sur la mise en place de communs numériques par des acteurs publics. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à combler cette aporie en prenant comme cas d’étude la Base Adresse Nationale (BAN). Cette base de données publique lancée en 2015 est présentée comme un commun numérique, ouvert à la contribution citoyenne, libre d’accès et gouverné démocratiquement par des acteurs publics, semi-privés et associatifs. Comment l’adoption de cette forme socio-technique inhabituelle dans l’administration s’opère-t-elle et que vient-elle déplacer à la frontière État/société ? Nous avons mené l’enquête à travers une série de vingt-trois entretiens, des observations de réunions de travail et l’analyse de littérature grise. Nos deux principaux résultats consistent à (1) expliquer l’adoption par l’action d’entrepreneurs de réforme dans un contexte d’incertitude technologique et (2) montrer que la forme du commun numérique – et en particulier la gouvernance partagée – a été abandonnée à l’arrivée d’une nouvelle majorité politique au profit d’une gestion plus souveraine, administrative et pro-marché de la BAN dans la perspective d’un État-plateforme.
La « civic tech » et « la démocratie numérique » pour « ouvrir » la démocratie ?
Authors: Mabi Clément
Published: February 2021

Cet article postule que le déploiement d’une démocratie participative numérique, commodément appelée « démocratie numérique », peut être perçu comme un nouveau point d’ancrage de la gouvernementalité participative au sens où elle contribue à la diffusion d’une conception particulière du gouvernement par la participation, influencée par la culture numérique et ses principes d’auto-organisation, d’interactivité. Par l’étude du déploiement et de la trajectoire du mouvement dit des « civic tech » en France, il s’agit de montrer que le projet d’ouverture démocratique incarné par ces acteurs s’est progressivement refermé sur une logique de prestations, au service des institutions. Le « grand débat national » a joué un rôle de bascule dans cette trajectoire. Si une partie de la communauté s’est conformée à la demande gouvernementale d’équipement de la participation, le débat a également donné une visibilité inédite à des critiques qui ont contribué à faire émerger une lecture alternative du rôle des technologies numériques en démocratie.
FUM gene expression and variation in fumonisin production of clonal isolates ofFusarium verticillioides MRC 826
Authors: Lilly M. , Rheeder J.P. , Proctor R.H. , Gelderblom W.C.A.
Published: February 2021

B-series fumonisins (FBs) are a family of carcinogenic mycotoxins that commonly occur in maize. These mycotoxins cause multiple diseases in animals and are epidemiologically associated with several human diseases in populations for which maize is a dietary staple. FBs are produced by multiple genera of the fungiAspergillus,Fusarium andTolypocladium, but the plant pathogenFusarium verticillioides is considered the primary cause of FB contamination in maize. OneF. verticillioides strain, MRC 826, is reported to produce high levels of FBs. However, in the current study, 18 isolates derived from strain MRC 826 exhibited highly variable levels of FB, which negatively correlated (r=-0.333;P<0.008) with fungal growth. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that all MRC 826 derived isolates examined were clonal, and 100% DNA sequence identity was observed across theFUM gene clusters of two high FB producing and two low FB producing isolates. At the gene expression level, qRT-PCR at each time point (7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation) showed differential upregulation of selectedFUM genes in the high compared to the low FB isolates. Variation in FB production appears due to differences inFUM gene expression, most likely caused by sequence differences at unexamined loci not part of theFUM cluster or from epigenetic influences. Clarification of the genetic/epigenetic basis for quantitative differences in fumonisin production among strains and isolates ofF. verticillioides has potential to reveal targets for reducing FB contamination in maize.
Agreement Between Angle-to-Angle Distance and Aqueous Depth Obtained With Two Different Optical Coherence Tomographers and a Scheimpflug Camera
Authors: Tañá-Rivero Pedro , Rodríguez-Carrillo María Dolores , Ruíz-Santos María , García-Tomás Berta , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

To compare angle-to-angle (ATA) distance and aqueous depth (AQD) readings produced by two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices and a Scheimpflug camera.

METHODS:

ATA distance and AQD were measured in 60 eyes using the Visante time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), the Anterion swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH), and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Moreover, ATA distance was measured along the horizontal and vertical meridians. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between devices.

RESULTS:

All three devices did not yield similar horizontal ATA distance: 11.96 ± 0.47 mm (TD-OCT), 11.96 ± 0.42 mm (SS-OCT), and 11.05 ± 0.52 mm (Pentacam). More specifically, the Pentacam yielded significantly smaller values (approximately 0.9 mm,
P
< .001). Mean vertical ATA distance was 12.61 ± 0.65 and 12 ± 0.65 mm for the TD-OCT and SS-OCT, respectively (
P
= .983). Vertical ATA distance was significantly larger than horizontal ATA distance for both OCT devices (approximately 0.6 mm,
P
< .001). The lowest mean difference was found between both OCT devices (0.0068 and −0.0415 mm, for horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively) and the highest between the Pentacam and the two OCT devices (approximately 0.9 mm). As for AQD, inter-device mean values were also statistically significant: 2.89 ± 0.48, 2.82 ± 0.49, and 2.79 ± 0.50 mm, for the TD-OCT, SS-OCT, and Pentacam, respectively (
P
< .001). Mean differences were similar for the TD-OCT versus SS-OCT and SS-OCT versus Pentacam (approximately 0.02 mm), and larger between the TD-OCT and Pentacam (approximately 0.05 mm).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results show that the TD-OCT and SS-OCT are interchangeable instruments for ATA distance measurement but the Pentacam is not with either of the two OCT devices. A clinical criterion should assess whether these three devices could be used interchangeably for AQD measurement.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(2):133–140.]
Rotational Stability of a New Hydrophobic Acrylic IOL With Modified C-loop Haptics
Authors: Schartmüller Daniel , Röggla Veronika , Schwarzenbacher Luca , Leydolt Christina , Menapace Rupert
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

To assess rotational stability, axial stability, decentration, and tilt of the Rayner RAO800C single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd) from end of surgery to 4 to 7 months postoperatively.

METHODS:

Surgeries were performed at the Department of Ophthalmology at the Medical University of Vienna. A total of 130 eyes of 68 patients received an aspheric hydrophobic Rayner RAO0800C IOL. IOLs were randomly implanted to the 0 ± 10, 45 ± 10, 90 ± 10, or 135 ± 10 degree axis. Baseline measurement was performed with the patient still supine on the operating table. Axis alignment after 1 hour, 1 week, 1 month, and 4 months was evaluated by retroillumination pictures. Postoperative IOL decentration, tilt, and aqueous depth at 4 months were assessed using an anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

Absolute median IOL rotation from end of surgery to 4 months was 2.4 degrees (range: 0.0 to 85.0 degrees). Median IOL rotation from end of surgery to 1 hour, 1 hour to 1 week, 1 week to 1 month, and 1 month to 4 months was 1.6 (range: 0.0 to 86.2), 1.1 (range: 0.0 to 28.8), 0.6 (range: 0.0 to 5.2), and 0.7 (range: 0.0 to 2.6) degrees. Respective proportions of IOLs rotating more than 5, 10, and 20 degrees from end of surgery to 4 months were 23.9%, 11.0%, and 6.4%. Horizontal and vertical decentration at 4 months was −0.09 ± 0.14 and 0.09 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. Horizontal and vertical tilt at 4 months was −4.78 ± 1.36 and −1.58 ± 1.10 degrees, respectively. A posterior axial shift of 0.052 ± 0.055 mm was observed from 1 week to 4 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although median IOL rotation appeared to be low, a significant proportion of IOLs rotated postoperatively. Decentration and tilt values were generally low. A minimal posterior optic shift was observed after 1 week.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(2):112–118.]
Affirming Pediatric Care for Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth
Authors: Sherer Ilana , Hanks Madeleine
Published: February 2021

Transgender and gender diverse children and youth experience significant health disparities and adverse health outcomes. Pediatricians have an opportunity to improve those outcomes by practicing gender-affirming care. This includes creating a welcoming environment through changes in office settings, intake forms, communication skills, language used, and support for families. Clinicians should be comfortable discussing social transition, puberty blockers, and gender-affirming hormone therapy with patients as needed. For clinicians caring for teenagers, adaptations in sexual health counseling and fertility counseling are necessary. Clinicians should also be aware of the trauma that has been historically inflicted by the medical and mental health system against people who identify as transgender/nonbinary, and that significant disparities exist even within this group along racial and gender lines. These aspects of caring for gender diverse youth are part of primary care pediatrics, and further education in these areas will improve access to care and health outcomes for these youth.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(2):e65–e71.]
Teaching Domain-Specific English to Engineering Students through SPRE Model-Based Projects
Authors: Ermakova Polina , Rossikhina Olga
Published: February 2021

Abstract- The authors present the adaptation of the Situation-Problem-Response-Evaluation (SPRE) critical thinking framework, originally developed by Dr. Hannigan [10], to a wide range of engineering projects in the English language course for undergraduates. Each student in a SPRE team acts in accordance with an assigned role and lives through the same stages, such as finding and processing information, selecting and evaluating sources, problem solving, presenting their position in the ‘panel’ discussion’ and report writing as the final stage. Thus the language is practiced in all four modalities and in the professional context. The authors share their experience in introducing professional English through projects ranging from wide- scope inter-domain problem-solving tasks to narrow -scope problems drawn from a particular subject area. They suggest supplementing this scheme with an initial stage, where students draft and redraft their proposals for further research after getting peer-and teacher feedback. This stage enables students to identify the research gap and narrow down the ‘problem’or the aim of the project. SPRE projects meet the request for professional English (ESP) from the university subject departments.
A Review of Content-Based and Context-Based Recommendation Systems
Authors: Javed Umair , Shaukat Kamran , A. Hameed Ibrahim , Iqbal Farhat , Mahboob Alam Talha , Luo Suhuai
Published: February 2021

In our work, we have presented two widely used recommendation systems. We have presented a context-aware recommender system to filter the items associated with user’s interests coupled with a context-based recommender system to prescribe those items. In this study, context-aware recommender systems perceive the user’s location, time, and company. The context-based recommender system retrieves patterns from World Wide Web-based on the user’s past interactions and provides future news recommendations. We have presented different techniques to support media recommendations for smartphones, to create a framework for context-aware, to filter E-learning content, and to deliver convenient news to the user. To achieve this goal, we have used content-based, collaborative filtering, a hybrid recommender system, and implemented a Web ontology language (OWL). We have also used the Resource Description Framework (RDF), JAVA, machine learning, semantic mapping rules, and natural ontology languages that suggest user items related to the search. In our work, we have used E-paper to provide users with the required news. After applying the semantic reasoning approach, we have concluded that by some means, this approach works similarly as a content-based recommender system since by taking the gain of a semantic approach, we can also recommend items according to the user’s interests. In a content-based recommender system, the system provides additional options or results that rely on the user’s ratings, appraisals, and interests.
IoT Enabled Wearable Device for COVID Safety and Emergencies
Authors: Rao Santhosha
Published: February 2021

The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly changed the mindset of the people and over the period they started practicing healthy lifestyle to contain the spread of the virus. Despite this, increase in the number of cases and death rates across the globe are major cause of concern. In addition to maintaining the healthy lifestyle it is also essential to exploit the technological advancements in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) in designing a cost-effective wearable device which could possibly indicate the early stages of virus infection. In this work, a low cost IoT enabled wearable device is designed which generates alerts in case of any of the measured parameter goes out of the normal range besides sending notifications.
A Novel and Efficient Priority-Based Cross-Layer Contextual Unobservability Scheme Against Global Attacks for WMSNs
Authors: Almalkawi Islam T. , Raed Jafar , Alsarhan Ayoub , Abdallah Alaa , Abdallah Emad
Published: February 2021

Even though many security schemes proposed for wireless sensor networks protect transmitted data content from being revealed to different types of attacks and fulfill most of the desired security requirements, they are not addressing concealing the privacy of the contextual information. Contextual information such as event occurrence, event time, and event location can be exposed to an adversary by just monitoring network packet transmission. This kind of information is very important because it can leak location information of key nodes or even detected events themselves. Therefore, proposing a contextual unobservability scheme is a challenging task in sensor networks considering many issues: the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, the different attacker models, the network resource constraints, and the overhead on system performance. Most of the existing location privacy schemes are not addressing all these issues and are either not efficient against global adversaries or degrade significantly network performance. Thus in this paper, we propose an efficient location contextual anonymity scheme for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) that exploits the cross-layer joint design among the application, routing, and MAC layers. Our proposed location unobservability scheme combines the source coding technique, probabilistic packet transmission, multipath routing, and priority-based dropping policy to enhance the efficiency level of the provided privacy service without noticeably affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement for delivering multimedia content in WMSN. Performance evaluation results show that our proposed privacy mechanism outperforms other proposed location privacy techniques in terms of privacy efficiency (safety period) and network performance (end-to-end delay and energy consumption).
Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Cunningham Kyle T. , Finlay Conor M. , Mills Kingston H. G.
Published: February 2021

Certain proinflammatory stimuli can metabolically and epigenetically modify monocytes/macrophages or NK cells to be more responsive to secondary stimuli, a process known as trained innate immunity. However, the longevity of trained innate immunity is unclear. In this study, we report that Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products (FHES) can imprint an anti-inflammatory phenotype on long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and monocyte precursor populations, enhancing their proliferation and differentiation into anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow monocytes. These monocytes expand and populate multiple compartments within mice, conferring hyporesponsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli and reduced susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mice treated with FHES had enhanced alternatively activated macrophages, reduced Th1 and Th17 responses, and attenuating effects on autoimmunity that persisted for 8 mo. Furthermore, transplantation of HSCs from FHES-treated mice transferred the anti-inflammatory phenotype to naive mice. Our findings demonstrate that helminth products can modulate HSCs to promote development of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells that attenuate T cell–mediated autoimmune disease.
Unique characteristics that distinguish suicide attempters from patients with nonsuicidal self-injury admitted to the emergency department following self-harm behavior
Authors: Kang Minhyuk , Kim Hyejin
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE:

The objective was to investigate the characteristics of suicide attempters as distinguished from nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among those who are admitted to the emergency department (ED) following self-harm behavior using psychological scales and biochemical markers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The initial assessment forms and medical records of patients referred to the ED after self-harm behavior between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the patients' statements, two groups were formed: the NSSI group and the suicide attempt (SA) group.

RESULTS:

This study included 578 patients, 76.6% (n = 443) in the SA group and 23.4% (n = 135) in the NSSI group. A univariate analysis comparing the SA and NSSI groups revealed that the SA group was statistically significantly associated with male sex, chronic disease, history of depression, unemployment, not seeking help after the attempt, reduced consciousness, and psychiatric consultation. Further, the SA group was older and showed higher Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS) value and white blood cell value compared to the NSSI group. However, multivariate logistic analysis did not produce statistically significant results for RRRS and any of the biological markers, with one exception for the accessibility to rescue item in the RRRS, where the NSSI group showed a statistically higher “ask for help” score compared to the SA group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients who were admitted to the ED following self-harm behaviors, the risk factors for SA as opposed to NSSI were chronic disease and not seeking help after the attempt. In addition, suicide attempters tended to be more cooperative in psychiatric consultation following ED admission. In clinical practice, patients admitted due to NSSI should be administered treatment equivalent to that for suicide attempters if they exhibit the characteristics of suicide attempters.
Effects of metronome use on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality
Authors: Çalışkan Dikmen , Bildik Fikret , Aslaner Mehmet Ali , Kılıçaslan İsa , Keleş Ayfer , Demircan Ahmet
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE:

Whether the use of metronome affects the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of metronome use on CPR quality.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, simulation-based CPR manikin study. There were two phases: without and with metronome use. Chest compression was performed for 2 min, and three CPR quality criteria including chest compression depth, recoil, and rate were recorded with TrueCPR Feedback Device in both phases.

RESULTS:

In all, 102 resident physicians were included. The achievement of optimal chest compression depth and complete recoil was better with metronome use than without (83% and 77% vs. 78% and 39%, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Optimal chest compression rate was also reached with metronome use because the range of the compression rate was closer to the normal limits than those without metronome use (110 [interquartile range (IQR) 109–113] vs. 120 [IQR 109–129], P ≤ 0.001). Of all the participants, 70.6% stated that metronome use had a positive effect on their performance during the CPR application and 66.7% stated that they wished to use the metronome in their daily practice.

CONCLUSION:

Using a metronome during simulation-based CPR improved the compression depth and recoil by fixing chest compression rate. We suggested that metronome should be used in CPR trainings of health-care professionals.
Bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia
Authors: Wong Chui King , Jaafar Mohd Johar
Published: February 2021

BRASH syndrome is a syndrome characterized by bradycardia, renal failure, usage of atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocker, shock, and hyperkalemia (BRASH). It is more common among patients with multiple comorbidities such as cardiac disease, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension requiring AV nodal blockers. Cardiac conduction abnormalities are frequently caused by severe hyperkalemia. However, it may also occur in mild-to-moderate hyperkalemia with concomitant use of AV nodal blockers due to the synergistic effects between these two factors in the presence of renal insufficiency. It is essential for the physician to identify BRASH syndrome as the treatment may differ from standard advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocol. We report the two cases of patient who presented with BRASH syndrome who failed to respond to standard ACLS protocol.
Randomized controlled trials of remdesivir in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos , Michel Jack , Michel George , Frontela Odalys , Posada Jorge , Cardona Jose , Angueira Eugenio
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

The first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. No antiviral treatment options are currently available with proven clinical efficacy. However, preliminary findings from phase III trials suggest that remdesivir is an effective and safe treatment option for COVID-19 patients with both moderate and severe disease.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate whether remdesivir was effective for treating COVID-19 including reduced in-hospital adverse events, oxygen support, and mortality rates.

METHODS:

According to the PRISMA reporting guidelines, a review was conducted from January 1, 2020, until August 25, 2020, with MeSH terms including COVID-19, COVID, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, remdesivir, adenosine nucleoside triphosphate analog, and Veklury using MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. A modified Delphi process was utilized to include the studies and ensure that the objectives were addressed. Using dichotomous data for select values, the unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated applying Mantel–Haenszel random-effects method in Review Manager 5.4.

RESULTS:

Randomized controlled trials pooled in 3013 participants with 46.3% (n = 1395) in the remdesivir group and 53.7% (n = 1618) in the placebo group. The placebo group had a higher risk of mortality as compared to the intervention group with significant OR (0.61) (95% confidence interval of 0.45–0.82; P = 0.001). There was minimal heterogeneity among the studies (I
2 = 0%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that remdesivir extends clinical benefits by reducing mortality, adverse events, and oxygen support in moderate to severely ill COVID-19 patients. Concerted efforts and further randomized placebo-controlled trials are warranted to examine the potency of antiviral drugs and immunopathological host responses contributing to the severity of COVID-19.
Electronic Screen Exposure and Headache in Children
Authors: Çaksen Hüseyin
Published: February 2021

Headache represents the most common neurologic disorder in the general population including children and is increasingly being recognized as a major source of morbidity in youth related to missed school days and activities. Electronic screens are becoming increasingly important in the lives of preteens and teens. In this review, we discussed effects of electronic screens on primary headache in childhood to emphasize the importance of electronic screen exposure in children with headache. Using digital and social media can bring some benefits and risks for mental and physical health. Time spent on screen-based activities contributes to the chance of reporting general physical complaints, in particular, headache and backache during early adolescence. We suggest that all children with primary headache should be evaluated for abuse of electronic screens in neurology practice. We also think that restriction of electronic screen should be advised in children with migraine and tension type headache before initiation of pharmacotherapy. As online classes are a reality, use of electronic screen may be allowed for school age children up to 2 h/day with taking time away from digital media every 20 min for 20 sec. In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that limiting the time spent on the screen is important for the reduction of headache symptoms of children and adolescents.
Thoracoscopic oesophago-oesophagostomy in the prone position for oesophageal stenosis caused by dilated azygos vein in polysplenia-associated heterotaxy
Authors: Bhojwani Rajesh , Jain Nikhil
Published: February 2021

Background:

Heterotaxy syndrome is associated with a plethora of cardiovascular and other multi-system anomalies with a high childhood mortality. A dilated azygos vein as part of the polysplenia variant of heterotaxy syndrome may cause oesophageal stenosis owing to a prolonged compression. We describe our technique of extramediastinal oesophago-oesophagostomy in the prone position for this rare congenital syndromic malformation with an excellent outcome.

Patients and Methods:

A 17-year-old boy with heterotaxy syndrome presented with intermittent dysphagia and postprandial emesis with failure to thrive. Despite the presence of diverse anatomic abnormalities, it was only his symptom of dysphagia due to oesophageal stricture that merited surgical intervention. He underwent an azygos-preserving extramediastinal oesophago-oesophagostomy in the prone position without segmental resection with the establishment of continuity using a modified Collard-type anastomosis.

Results:

The patient had an uneventful convalescence, with imaging after 1 year showing no re-stenosis. After a follow-up of 3 years, the patient is free of symptoms and has gained weight.

Conclusion:

Oesophageal stenosis may result from prolonged compression by anomalous vasculature. An isolated correctable anatomic derangement, young age with good functional reserve, other associated anomalies not causing any symptoms, the physiological advantages of executing the surgery in a prone position and availability of expertise in minimally invasive surgery ensured excellent outcomes. The hitherto unreported technique may open up avenues for further research regarding the behaviour of the oesophageal muscular tube with transection and re-anastomosis for rare benign abnormalities.
Dosimetric Comparison of Two Type'S Applicator Geometry in the Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Image-Based Intracavitary Brachytherapy Treatment Planning of Carcinoma Uterine Cervix
Authors: Yogi Veenita , Chandel Sanjay Singh , Yadav Suresh , Singh Om Prakash , Goswami Brijesh , Ghosh Gopa , Choudhary Suryanshu
Published: February 2021

Background:

The swift dose fall-off traits with distance from the applicators are the dominant advantage of brachytherapy. The differences in applicator designs will produce different dose distributions in intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) applications.

Aim:

The present study was aimed to find out the dosimetric differences for two type's applicators geometry in ICBT applications for carcinoma uterine cervix (Ca-Cx) performing three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) image-based planning as per recent guidelines from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements report-89.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospectively, 15 patients of Ca-Cx who have received ICBT treatment based on the 3D-CT image during 1st and 2nd fractions using fixed-geometry and flexible-geometry applicators respectively were selected for this study. For comparison of two type's applicators geometry the dose-volume parameters D100% and D90% of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), V400%, V200%, V150%, V100%, V50% (volume enclosing 400%, 200%, 150%, 100%, and 50% isodoseline of prescribed dose around target, respectively), and average point “A” dose were evaluated for target. While for organs at risk (bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) the dose-volume parameters D2cc, D1cc, and D0.1cc were recorded and evaluated.

Results:

Fixed-geometry applicator produces significantly lesser HR-CTV volume (P = 0.016 <0.05) but delivered significantly 10.88% higher D90 mean doses (P = 0.031 <0.05) in comparison to flexible-geometry applicator. The flexible-geometry applicator created significantly higher central dose-volume structures around the target at the cost of significantly 15.89%, 17.04%, and 18.88% higher mean doses for rectum D2cc, D1cc, and D0.1cc, respectively, insignificant higher bladder dose, but lower sigmoid colon doses.

Conclusion:

The results of this study will be helpful to clinicians to select appropriate/suitable geometry applicator according to the patient's anatomical structure in brachytherapy treatment of Ca-Cx for better clinical outcome.
Study of Dry Eye Parameters in Diabetics in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Patil Sakshi , Bishnoi Sunita , Joshi Ajit
Published: February 2021

Aim:

This study aims to study the frequency and severity of dry eye in diabetic patients and their correlation with duration of diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on all patients with diabetes mellitus presenting to ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital between November 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. The study population included diabetic patients who were above the age of 40 years. Detailed ocular history including diabetic history was recorded and comprehensive ocular clinical examination to assess the dry eye status was done. Schirmer's I test and Tear film Break-Up Time (TBUT) tests were performed and results were recorded.

Results:

In this study, 100 eyes of 50 diabetic patients were subjected to dry eye tests. Varying degree of dryness was seen in 34 patients (68%). Schirmer's test was abnormal (<10 mm) in 24 patients (48%) and TBUT test was abnormal (<10 s) in 34 patients (68%). Majority of patients (60%) were asymptomatic. Statistically significant association was seen between the duration of diabetes with Schirmer's I test and TBUT test (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

Dry eyes are a frequent association seen in patients with diabetes. Simple noninvasive tests for dry eyes such as Schirmer's test and TBUT test should be considered as an integral part of routine examination in diabetics as these may be asymptomatic.