bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS UNIVERSIDADES ESTADUAIS PARANAENSES NA GERAÇÃO DE INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DO ESTADO: UMA PERSPECTIVA A PARTIR DAS LEIS DE INOVAÇÃO.
Authors: Freitas Junior Adirson Maciel , Barros Pedro Henrique Batista , Hilgemberg Cleise M Tupich
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho busca investigar se as Universidades Estaduais do Paraná aumentaram seus esforços em desenvolvimento tecnológico após a criação da Lei de Inovação brasileira em 2004 e especialmente a paranaense em 2012. Utilizou-se como proxy o número de patentes de inovação por serem capazes de captar os esforços em desenvolvimento tecnológico. Observou-se que neste período houve um aumento expressivo no número de patentes nas instituições de ensino estaduais, especialmente após a aprovação da lei de inovação no Paraná, o que também pode indicar a importância das IES para o desenvolvimento regional.
Extraction and Characterization of Silica Powders from Natural Waste for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Ti-Iatyor Areeya , Kongkue Thawatchai , Chanadee Tawat
Published: October 2018

The present work describes the preparation and characterization of silica powder from the natural waste materials stink bean pod, Barbados pride pod, banana leaves, coconut shell, sugar palm shell and groundnut shell. Ash was produced by incineration of the natural wastes at 650 °C for 1, 3 and 5 h in atmospheric air. Silica was then extracted from the natural waste ash using 1 M sodium hydroxide solution to produce a sodium silicate solution from which silica was precipitated by adding 5 M hydrochloric acid solution. The results showed that the low content of residual carbon from the natural waste was incinerated at the optimal condition of 650°C for 5 h. FT-IR indicated that the as-prepared silica had Si-O-Si and Si-OH functional groups consistent with the XRF analysis, which detected SiO2 content between 73.76 and 95.72 wt%. In analysis of XRD and SEM, the as-prepared silica exhibited an amorphous, irregular shape and particle sizes in a range from 1 to 2 μm. The results obtained by the reported method proved that natural waste materials can be used for the production of valuable silica.
Asphalt Concrete Moisture Damage Resistance: An Evaluation of the Coating Ability of Aggregates and Binders
Authors: Jitsangiam Peerapong , Nikraz Hamid , Nusit Korakod
Published: October 2018

Moisture related damage is the single most significant issue facing asphalt pavements worldwide. The improvement of moisture damange resistance of asphalt concrete as a asphalt pavement surface is the way to enhance essential properties of the asphalt concrete mixture components between mix aggregate and a binder (asphalt cement) to withstand adverse effects from moisture. Moisture damage consists of two key mechanisms, the loss of adhesion between the binder and aggregate and the loss of cohesion within the asphalt contrete matrix. This research aims to investigate the adhesion mechanism through the use of the so-called rolling bottle test (RBT) to assess the binder coverage under moisture conditions. Through the use of Western Australian aggregates and Main Roads WA specific binders and adhesion agent, hydrated lime. The percentage coverage was assessed to determine the moisture sensitivity of the aggregate-binder interface. This method allows for a fundamental mechanism of moisture damage to be analysed from an inside out perspective, free of external influencing factors. The results from this study showed that different study aggregates yielded different levels of moisture damage resistance based on the results of RBTs, while the stiffer C320 binder showed greater adhesion to the both study aggregate types. The addition of hydrated lime significantly increased the percentage coverage all samples.
Effect of Cooling Speed on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni Solder Alloy
Authors: Sungkhaphaitoon Phairote
Published: October 2018

To study the effect of cooling speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder alloy, molten alloys were cooled at two different rates, using water-cooling and mold-cooling. The mechanical properties of the obtained alloys were analyzed with a universal testing machine (UTM) and by Vickers microhardness testing (HV). The microstructures were characterized using an optical microscope (OM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).The melting point was ascertained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cooling rate of the water-cooled system (0.28 o C/s) was faster than the cooling rate of the mold-cooled system (0.05 °C/s). The grain size of the alloy produced by the faster cooling rate was finer than that of the alloy obtained from the slower cooling rate. This finer grain size gave the alloy superior ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and hardness but inferior ductility (%EL). The microstructure of both Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder alloys exhibited three phases of β-Sn, Cu6Sn5 and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic compounds. The melting point and undercooling of the solder alloys was 233.8 °C and 35.7 °C, respectively.
Medical Claims at National Collegiate Athletic Association Institutions: The Athletic Trainer's Role
Authors: Killinger Tyler P. , Schellhase Kristen Couper
Published: October 2018

Context

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions are required to certify insurance coverage of medical expenses for injuries student-athletes sustain while participating in NCAA events. Institutions assign this role to a variety of employees, including athletic trainers (ATs), athletic administrators, business managers, secretaries, and others. In 1994, Street et al observed that ATs were responsible for administering medical claim payments at 68.1% of institutions. Anecdotally, ATs do not always feel well suited to perform these tasks.

Objective

To investigate the ways athletic associations and departments coordinate athletic medical claims and the role of ATs in this process.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants

All 484 National Athletic Trainers' Association members self-identified as a head AT within an NCAA collegiate or university setting were solicited to respond to the online Web-based survey. Responses from 184 (38%) head ATs employed in collegiate settings were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Institutional demographic characteristics, type of insurance coverage, person assigned to handle insurance claims, hours spent managing claims, and training for the task.

Results

In 62% of institutions, an AT was responsible for processing athletic medical claims. The head and assistant ATs spent means of 6.17 and 10.32 hours per week, respectively, managing claims. Most respondents (62.1%) reported no formal training in handling athletic medical insurance claims. When asked when and how it was most appropriate to learn these concepts, 35.3% cited within an accredited athletic training program curriculum, 32.9% preferred on-the-job training, and 31.1% selected via continuing education.

Conclusions

At NCAA institutions, ATs were responsible for administering athletic medical claims, a task in which most had no formal training. An AT may not possess adequate skills or time to handle athletic medical claims. Even if ATs are not solely responsible for this task, they remain involved as the coordinators of care. Athletic training programs, professional organizations that offer continuing education, and hiring institutions should consider focusing on and training appropriate personnel to manage athletic medical claims.
Die Heidelbergse katgismus
Authors: Pretorius L.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die genadegawes in die nuwe testament
Authors: Bloem G.N.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die afdeling geloof en kerkorde van die wêreldraad van kerke
Authors: Koekemoer J.H.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Mans C.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Sekularisasie - Historiese en kerkhistoriese faktore wat tot die hedendaagse situasie gelei het
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Pont A.D. , De Wet J.I. , Dreyer P.S.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die "University Christian movement"
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Praktiese teologie vandag
Authors: Du Toit H.D.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Loader J.A. , Breytenbach A.P.B. , Mans C.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Re-inventing the future of the radiological research footprint in South Africa
Authors: Patel Maya
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Smoothing of Limit Linear Series on Curves and Metrized Complexes of Pseudocompact Type
Authors: He Xiang
Published: October 2018

We investigate the connection between Osserman limit series (on curves of pseudocompact type) and Amini–Baker limit linear series (on metrized complexes with corresponding underlying curve) via a notion of pre-limit linear series on curves of the same type. Then, applying the smoothing theorems of Osserman limit linear series, we deduce that, fixing certain metrized complexes, or for certain types of Amini–Baker limit linear series, the smoothability is equivalent to a certain “weak glueing condition”. Also for arbitrary metrized complexes of pseudocompact type the weak glueing condition (when it applies) is necessary for smoothability. As an application we confirm the lifting property of specific divisors on the metric graph associated with a certain regular smoothing family, and give a new proof of a result of Cartright, Jensen, and Payne for vertex-avoiding divisors, and generalize it for divisors of rank one in the sense that, for the metric graph, there could be at most three edges (instead of two) between any pair of adjacent vertices.
Vanishing Fourier Transforms and Generalized Differences in
Authors: Nillsen Rodney
Published: October 2018

Let
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}$
and
$s\in \mathbb{N}$
be given. Let
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{x}$
denote the Dirac measure at
$x\in \mathbb{R}$
, and let
$\ast$
denote convolution. If
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$
is a measure,
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}^{\star }$
is the measure that assigns to each Borel set
$A$
the value
$\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(-A)}$
. If
$u\in \mathbb{R}$
, we put
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}=e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{0}-e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{u}$
. Then we call a function
$g\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
a generalized

$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-difference of order

$2s$
if for some
$u\in \mathbb{R}$
and
$h\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
we have
$g=[\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}^{\star }]^{s}\ast h$
. We denote by
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
the vector space of all functions
$f$
in
$L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
such that
$f$
is a finite sum of generalized
$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-differences of order 
$2s$
. It is shown that every function in
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
is a sum of
$4s+1$
generalized
$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-differences of order 
$2s$
. Letting
$\widehat{f}$
denote the Fourier transform of a function
$f\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
, it is shown that
$f\in {\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
if and only if
$\widehat{f}$
  “vanishes” near
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$
and 
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$
at a rate comparable with
$(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{2s}$
. In fact,
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
is a Hilbert space where the inner product of functions 
$f$
and 
$g$
is
$\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }(1+(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{-2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{-2s})\widehat{f}(x)\overline{\widehat{g}(x)}\,dx$
. Letting
$D$
denote differentiation, and letting
$I$
denote the identity operator, the operator
$(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$
is bounded with multiplier
$(-1)^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{s}$
, and the Sobolev subspace of
$L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
of order
$2s$
can be given a norm equivalent to the usual one so that
$(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$
becomes an isometry onto the Hilbert space
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
. So a space
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
may be regarded as a type of Sobolev space having a negative index.
Perinatal Outcomes in Vertically Infected Neonates During a Chikungunya Outbreak on the Island of Curaçao
Authors: van Enter Bert J. D. , Huibers Minke H. W. , van Rooij Linda , Steingrover Radjinkoemar , van Hensbroek Michael Boele , Voigt Ralph R. , Hol Jeroen
Published: October 2018

Recent outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection confirm the vulnerability of neonates after vertical transmission. In 2014, CHIKV was reported for the first time in the Americas, including the island of Curaçao. We describe the outcomes of symptomatic neonates with vertically transmitted CHIKV infection during the CHIKV epidemic, who were admitted in the Saint Elisabeth Hospital, Willemstad, Curaçao. There were three symptomatic neonates with serologically confirmed infection. Two neonates developed neurological complications, including convulsions and intracerebral bleeding. One newborn, in whom maternal infection occurred 7 weeks before delivery, had a fatal outcome after birth. Maternal-fetal transmission of CHIKV may cause severe neonatal complications. There is a need to share experiences and to implement protocols toward the management of perinatal CHIKV infection.
Neurocognitive Rehabilitation: Skills or Strategies?
Authors: Giles Gordon Muir
Published: October 2018

The author describes personal and professional milestones in becoming an occupational therapist and his early experience in the first behavior disorder program for neurologically based aggression in the world. A real clinical example is used to bring these early lessons into vivid focus. New evidence underlines occupational therapists’ unique role in skill–habit training in clients with severe neurological impairment. For clients with milder impairments, irrespective of diagnosis, strategy training may maximize community independence and reduce hospital recidivism. The concept of functional cognition is described as an important development for the profession. Even in an environment of rapid innovation, occupational therapists need to recognize that it is the commonplace activities that have meaning for the individual that really matter. This is both the art and science of occupational therapy, and it will never be superseded by technological innovation because true creativity and genuine empathy cannot be mechanized.
Traumatic events and their impact on the collective
Authors: Simon, BS, MA Neil
Published: October 2018

-
Methodology and description of the High-Consequence Event Decision Matrix
Authors: Barnes, BS Joshua , Humphries, BA Christan P.
Published: October 2018

A review of the literature shows that terrorism response plans exist but are lengthy. This is a concern because, in response to a weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incident, responders must be aware of the master plan. It is unlikely that all first responders will have a working knowledge of lengthy master plans; consequently, a situation could arise where responders would not be working together. To mitigate catastrophic inefficiency, a high-consequence event decision matrix was created to classify all high-consequence incidents at different severity levels and describe the necessary emergency actions first responders must employ.
Managing conflict
Authors: Simon, BS, MA Neil
Published: October 2018

-
Calendar
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

-
Principles of ethics for emergency managers
Authors: Schneider, PhD Robert O.
Published: October 2018

This article reviews several alternatives in ethical theory available as possible criteria for the development of ethical principles for the emergency management profession. It also examines the basic elements (core values) of existing codes of professional ethics for emergency managers in the context of these criteria. The developing emergency management profession, it is suggested, requires more scholarship directed to the establishment of a more complete ethical theory and a more clearly articulated set of ethical principles for emergency managers. The discussion concludes with a suggestion as to what a more comprehensive, informative, and functional statement of ethical principles for the emergency management profession might look like. But this proposed formulation, offered for discussion purposes, assumes the need for more effort at defining the moral criteria that will give these principles their ultimate meaning.
A framework for consensus, cooperation, and progress: The role of Canada’s Council of the Federation in building a national strategy for emergency management
Authors: Holowachuk, MA Brock
Published: October 2018

In July 2004, Canada’s Premiers expressed their priorities for emergency management at a meeting of the Council of the Federation. Provincial/territorial officials developed a set of priorities through a process of discussion and consensus, and these were subsequently endorsed by the Premiers and accepted by the federal government, resulting in the development of a plan of action to address the Premiers’ priorities, along with other matters of mutual concern.This article discusses the process by which a provincial/ territorial consensus was formed, and how this executive direction has led to a plan of action and meaningful improvements to emergency management and public safety in Canada. It demonstrates how a proactive and cooperative approach to emergency management policy can lead to tangible operational improvements.
Carbon monoxide poisoning from devices used in disaster recovery
Authors: Lemak, MPH Rosalyn
Published: October 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) is responsible for more fatalities in the United States each year than any other toxicant. While CO exposure is a year-round problem, fatal and nonfatal CO exposures occurred more often during the fall and winter months, and the majority of nonfatal CO exposures were reported to occur in the home. Postdisaster CO poisoning is an emerging hazard. Unintentional CO poisonings have been documented after natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, ice storms, and power outages. Overwhelmingly, CO exposure results from common sources such as portable generators, gas grills, kerosene and propane heaters, pressure washers, and charcoal briquettes. Although disaster events are thought to create victims immediately and in great numbers during the initial impact, some disasters are more deadly to people during the recovery phase, when people are thinking the disaster is over. More are injured during the cleanup phase than from the storm itself.
Measuring the efficacy of a wildfire education program in Colorado Springs
Authors: Donovan, PhD Geoffrey H. , Champ, PhD Patricia A. , Butry, PhD David T.
Published: October 2018

Drought conditions in much of the West, increased residential development, and elevated fuels from a century of wildfire suppression have increased wildfire risk in the United States. In light of this increased risk, an innovative wildfire risk education program in Colorado Springs was examined, which rated the wildfire risk of 35,000 homes in the city’s wildlandurban interface. Evidence from home sales before and after the program’s implementation suggests that the program was successful at changing homebuyer’s attitudes toward wildfire risk, particularly preferences for flammable building materials.
Meeting the needs of pregnant women and babies in a disaster: The role of voluntary nongovernmental health organizations
Authors: Peterson, BS, MA Amy A. , Berns, MD, MPH Scott D. , Gooding, BA Judith S. , Landreneau, MSW Capi A. , Howse, PhD Jennifer L.
Published: October 2018

Pregnant women, lactating women, and babies, especially sick and extremely fragile premature babies, have special needs during a disaster and in its aftermath. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that strive to improve the health of babies can help meet the needs of pregnant women and babies in a disaster. These NGOs, like the March of Dimes, are not disaster relief organizations; therefore, their primary aim in disaster preparedness, as well as during a disaster and in its aftermath, is to work with disaster planning groups to ensure, through advocacy and education, that the immediate and ongoing needs of pregnant women and babies are met. If necessary in an extreme disaster, NGOs can also provide some direct services to help meet the needs of pregnant women and infants, as the March of Dimes did after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Help we are sinking! Stories from Norwegian dispatch centers on decision-making in unfamiliar and ambiguous situations
Authors: Magnussen, PhD Leif Inge , Carlstrøm, PhD Eric , Berge, MSc Ann-Kristin , Wegger, MSc Frode , Sørensen, DBA Jarle Løwe
Published: October 2018

The aim of this exploratory case study was to examine whether sensemaking processes may influence decision-making of emergency call center dispatchers when dealing with maritime crises. This article focuses on sensemaking and decision-making in an emergency services context using Norwegian operators as a case and reports on data collected from five focus-group interviews with emergency dispatchers at five different locations. Each focus group consisted of three dispatchers, representing the three main Norwegian emergency response dispatch centers: police, fire and rescue, and the Emergency Medical Communication Centre (AMK). The study’s purpose was to see whether choices made when responding to maritime crisis calls are influenced by sensemaking processes, and whether these processes may have influenced the dispatcher’s choice of which search and rescue resources to contact. The study found that the sensemaking processes that occurred prior to the decision-making might have been influenced by the dispatcher’s past experiences, in particular, experiences from land-based operations. The findings also suggested that the emergency dispatchers made decisions based on intuitive sensemaking, as they were perceived pressed on time and experienced maritime crisis in a more transboundary nature than everyday land-based emergencies. The effects of sensemaking processes and intuitive decision-making shown in this study are of possible relevance to emergency services educators and managers outside a Norwegian framework.
Emergency preparedness: What do new college students need to know and how do you inform them?
Authors: Altizer, MA Andy , Lynn, MA Kathy A. , Murray, MS Larysa L.
Published: October 2018

Active shooters, tornadoes, fires, floods, and power outages are concerns for every new student entering college. New students enter college with a variety of academic and nonacademic anxieties. Students express concerns of their study skills, as well as their ability to manage financial and social responsibilities, but seldom does a new student worry about personal safety or disasters. The first few minutes of an emergency can mean the difference between life and death. Candlelight vigils showing incredible sorrow among college students may become more frequent as active shooter incidents continue to increase in frequency and will undoubtedly occur again. The question is: What do new students need to know about emergency preparedness and how do you inform them? Information overload combined with new student mindset of invincibility makes emergency preparedness a tough topic to communicate effectively to new students. University officials owe it to new students to try.
Pharmacy-related theft of controlled substances: RxPATROL® findings
Authors: Erensen, MPH Jennifer G. , Haddox, DDS, MD J. David , Attre Maigh S. , Bauza, MS, CPP Luis N.
Published: October 2018

Objective: To characterize pharmacy-related theft data reported to the Rx Pattern Analysis Tracking Robberies and Other Losses (RxPATROL®) database during the time periods before (2007-2010) and after (2011-2016) the August 2010 switch to reformulated OxyContin® (oxycodone hydrochloride) extended-release tablets (Purdue Pharma L.P.).Methods: The RxPATROL® database was queried to identify characteristics associated with theft of drug products. Variables analyzed included incident counts, drugs involved (OxyContin or other oxycodone products), pharmacy-security features, and other incident-related information. The data captured from 2007 to 2010, defined as the original formulation period, were compared with those captured from 2011 to 2016, defined as the post-reformulation period.Results: A total of 6,905 incidents were reported from 2007 to 2016, with robbery (51.8 percent) and burglary (26.4 percent) being the most commonly reported incidents. The number of total robbery incidents reported peaked in 2010 and remained steady. Incidents reported as robberies that involved OxyContin initially increased from 2007 to 2010 and then steadily decreased from 296 in 2010 to 13 in 2016. Total burglary reports decreased from 2009 to 2015 and slightly increased from 2015 to 2016. Total burglary reports that involved OxyContin decreased after 2009. Total burglary reports that involved oxycodone remained steady from 2009 to 2014, decreased from 2014 to 2015, and remained steady from 2015 to 2016. The majority of reported incidents occurred on weekdays and involved suspects who entered and exited through the front door at pharmacies without security features such as alarms, dead bolts, and cameras.Conclusion: Following replacement of the original formulation of OxyContin with a new formulation that has abuse-deterrent properties in 2010, pharmacy thefts of OxyContin reported to the RxPATROL® database decreased. The decreases were not fully explained by concurrent trends in total robbery or burglary incidents reported to the RxPATROL® database over the same time period.
Assessing risk of opioid misuse in the treatment of chronic pain: Building a practical actuarial approach
Authors: Erekson, PhD David M. , Bautista Liliana , Albright Dallin
Published: October 2018

Objective: Opioid misuse risk assessment has been highlighted as an important part of clinical practice, but there is a paucity of research identifying an effective approach to assessment. Currently, practitioners use patient history, interviews, and formal questionnaires, and these data are weighed clinically to assign risk. The authors propose the use of an actuarial method—the Bayesian nomogram—as a simple, standard, evidence-based approach to opioid misuse risk assessment.Interventions: The Bayesian nomogram relies solely on empirically established relationships between risk factors and risk and has been found in other fields to be both more efficient and more consistent than clinical judgment. The authors performed a comprehensive search of the literature to identify empirically established risk factors for opioid misuse in the treatment of noncancer chronic pain.Results: As the Bayesian nomogram requires both base rates of the predicted event (opioid misuse) and odds ratios for risk factors, the authors reported the most current evidence available in the literature. The authors also included the nomogram itself for easy clinical application of base rates and risk factors in the predictive model. Finally, the authors provided examples to help illustrate practical application.Conclusions: The authors call for research comparing this methodology to “assessment as usual” to better predict risk of opioid misuse and to aid decision making for medical providers treating chronic-pain patients.
Non-replicable?
Authors: Buijink Willem
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The view from practice: Improving audit quality is a joint responsibility
Authors: Bouwens Jan , Bik Olof , Wallage Philip
Published: October 2018

Cross-border collaboration in the auditing profession is key for improving audit quality: not just between academia and practice, but also between audit firms on the one hand and clients, regulators and policy-makers on the other hand.
Impact of physical parameterizations and initial conditions on simulated atmospheric transport and CO2 mole fractions in the US Midwest
Authors: Díaz-Isaac Liza I. , Lauvaux Thomas , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric transport model errors are one of the main
contributors to the uncertainty affecting CO2 inverse flux estimates.
In this study, we determine the leading causes of transport errors over the
US upper Midwest with a large set of simulations generated with the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. The various WRF simulations
are performed using different meteorological driver datasets and physical
parameterizations including planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, land
surface models (LSMs), cumulus parameterizations and microphysics
parameterizations. All the different model configurations were coupled to
CO2 fluxes and lateral boundary conditions from the CarbonTracker
inversion system to simulate atmospheric CO2 mole fractions. PBL
height, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric CO2 mole fractions
are compared to observations during a month in the summer of 2008, and
statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of both physics
parameterizations and meteorological datasets on these variables. All of the
physical parameterizations and the meteorological initial and boundary
conditions contribute 3 to 4 ppm to the model-to-model variability in
daytime PBL CO2 except for the microphysics parameterization which has
a smaller contribution. PBL height varies across ensemble members by 300 to
400 m, and this variability is controlled by the same physics
parameterizations. Daily PBL CO2 mole fraction errors are correlated
with errors in the PBL height. We show that specific model configurations
systematically overestimate or underestimate the PBL height averaged across
the region with biases closely correlated with the choice of LSM, PBL
scheme, and cumulus parameterization (CP). Domain average PBL wind speed is overestimated in nearly
every model configuration. Both planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and PBL wind speed biases show coherent
spatial variations across the Midwest, with PBLH overestimated averaged
across configurations by 300–400 m in the west, and PBL winds overestimated
by about 1 m s−1
on average in the east. We find model configurations with
lower biases averaged across the domain, but no single configuration is
optimal across the entire region and for all meteorological variables. We
conclude that model ensembles that include multiple physics
parameterizations and meteorological initial conditions are likely to be
necessary to encompass the atmospheric conditions most important to the
transport of CO2 in the PBL, but that construction of such an ensemble
will be challenging due to ensemble biases that vary across the region.
Unprecedented strength of Hadley circulation in 2015–2016 impacts on CO2 interhemispheric difference
Authors: Frederiksen Jorgen S. , Francey Roger J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The extreme El Niño of 2015 and 2016 coincided with record
global warming and unprecedented strength of the Hadley circulation with
significant impact on mean interhemispheric (IH) transport of CO2.
The relative roles of eddy transport and mean advective transport on
interannual differences in CO2 concentration between Mauna Loa and
Cape Grim (Cmlo−cgo), from 1992 through to 2016, are explored. Eddy
transport processes occur mainly in boreal winter–spring when Cmlo−cgo
is large; an important component is due to Rossby wave generation by the
Himalayas and propagation through the equatorial Pacific westerly duct
generating and transmitting turbulent kinetic energy. Mean transport occurs
mainly in boreal summer–autumn and varies with the strength of the Hadley
circulation. The timing of annual changes in Cmlo−cgo is found to
coincide well with dynamical indices that we introduce to characterize the
transport. During the unrivalled 2009–2010 step in Cmlo−cgo, the effects
of the eddy and mean transport were reinforced. In contrast, for the 2015 to 2016
change in Cmlo−cgo, the mean transport counteracts the eddy transport and
the record strength of the Hadley circulation determines the annual IH
CO2 difference. The interaction of increasing global warming and
extreme El Niños may have important implications for altering the balance
between eddy and mean IH CO2 transfer. The effects of interannual
changes in mean and eddy transport on interhemispheric gradients in other
trace gases are also examined.
Diurnal variation and size-dependence of the hygroscopicity of
organic aerosol at a forest site in Wakayama, Japan: their relationship to CCN
concentrations
Authors: Deng Yange , Yai Hikari , Fujinari Hiroaki , Kawana Kaori , Nakayama Tomoki , Mochida Michihiro
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) and its subsequent evolution can modify the hygroscopicity of the organic aerosol component (OA) in the forest atmosphere, and affect the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) there. In this study, size-resolved aerosol hygroscopic growth at 85 % relative humidity and size-resolved aerosol composition were measured using a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer and an aerosol mass spectrometer, respectively, at a forest site in Wakayama, Japan, in August and September 2015. The hygroscopicity parameter of OA (κorg) presented daily minima in the afternoon hours, and it also showed increase with the increase of particle dry diameter. The magnitudes of the diurnal variations of κorg for particles with dry diameters of 100 and 300 nm were on average 0.091 and 0.096, respectively, and the difference of κorg between particles with dry diameters of 100 and 300 nm was on average 0.056. The relative contributions of the estimated fresh BSOA and regional OA to total OA could explain 40 % of the observed diurnal variations and size-dependence of κorg. The hygroscopicity parameter of fresh BSOA was estimated to range from 0.089 to 0.12 for particles with dry diameters from 100 to 300 nm. Compared with the use of time- and size-resolved κorg, the use of time- and size-averaged kappa_org leads to under- and over-estimation of the fractional contribution of OA to CCN number concentrations in the range from −4.9 to 26 %. This indicates that the diurnal variations and size-dependence of kappa_org strongly affect the overall contribution of OA to CCN concentrations. The fractional contribution of fresh BSOA to CCN number concentrations could reach 0.28 during the period of intensive BSOA formation. The aging of the fresh BSOA, if it occurs, increases the estimated contribution of BSOA to CCN number concentrations by 50–84 %.
Extreme droughts and human responses to them: the Czech Lands in the pre-instrumental period
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Dobrovolný Petr , Trnka Miroslav , Řezníčková Ladislava , Dolák Lukáš , Kotyza Oldřich
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Czech Lands are particularly rich in documentary sources that help elucidate droughts in the pre-instrumental period (12th–18th centuries), together with descriptions of human responses to them. Although droughts appear less frequently before AD 1501, the documentary evidence has enabled the creation of series of seasonal and summer half-year drought indices (SPI, SPEI and Z-index) for the Czech Lands for the 1501–2017 period. Based on calculation of return period for series of drought indices, extreme droughts were selected for inclusion herein if all three indices indicated a return period of ≥ 20 years. For further analysis, only those from the pre-instrumental period (before AD 1804) were used. The extreme droughts selected are characterised by significantly lower values of drought indices, higher temperatures and lower precipitation totals compared to other years. The sea-level pressure patterns typically associated with extreme droughts include significantly higher pressure over Europe and significantly lower pressure over parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Extreme droughts with a return period ≥ 50 years are described in detail on the basis of Czech documentary evidence. A number of selected extreme droughts are reflected in other central European reconstructions derived from documentary data or tree-rings. Impacts on social life and responses to extreme droughts are summarised; analysis of fluctuations in grain prices with respect to drought receives particular attention. Finally, extreme droughts from the pre-instrumental and instrumental periods are discussed.
Environmental conditions of a salt-marsh biodiversity experiment on the island of Spiekeroog (Germany)
Authors: Zielinski Oliver , Meier Daniela , Lõhmus Kertu , Balke Thorsten , Kleyer Michael , Hillebrand Helmut
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Field experiments investigating biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
require the observation of abiotic parameters, especially when carried out in the
intertidal zone. An experiment for biodiversity–ecosystem functioning was set
up in the intertidal zone of the back-barrier salt marsh of Spiekeroog Island
in the German Bight. Here, we report the accompanying instrumentation,
maintenance, data acquisition, data handling and data quality control as well
as monitoring results observed over a continuous period from September 2014
to April 2017. Time series of abiotic conditions were measured at
several sites in the vicinity of newly built experimental salt-marsh islands
on the tidal flat. Meteorological measurements were conducted from a weather
station (WS, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870988), oceanographic conditions were
sampled through a bottom-mounted recording current meter (RCM,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877265) and a bottom-mounted tide and wave recorder (TWR,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877258). Tide data are essential in calculating flooding
duration and flooding frequency with respect to different salt-marsh
elevation zones. Data loggers (DL) for measuring the water level (DL-W,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877267), temperature (DL-T, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877257),
light intensity (DL-L, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877256) and conductivity (DL-C,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877266) were deployed at different elevational zones
on the experimental islands and the investigated salt-marsh plots. A data
availability of 80 % for 17 out of 23 sensors was achieved. Results
showed the influence of seasonal and tidal dynamics on the experimental
islands. Nearby salt-marsh plots exhibited some differences, e.g., in
temperature dynamics. Thus, a consistent, multi-parameter, long-term dataset
is available as a basis for further biodiversity and ecosystem functioning studies.
Network Analysis of the American Geophysical Union's Fall
Meetings
Authors: Narock Tom , Hasnain Sarah , Stephan Ronie
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is an Earth and space science professional society based in the United States. AGU publishes scientific journals, sponsors meetings, and supports education and outreach efforts to promote public understanding of science. Research conducted by AGU members ranges from the Earth's deep interior to the outer planets of our solar system. Little research exists on the AGU meeting itself. In this work, we apply network analysis and scientometrics to seventeen years of AGU Fall Meetings. We are interested in what the structure of the AGU network and its properties can tell us about how the procedures of the AGU Fall meeting could be enhanced to facilitate better scientific communication and collaboration.
Improvements to the hydrological processes of the Town Energy Balance model (TEB-Veg, SURFEX v7.3) for urban modelling and impact assessment
Authors: Stavropulos-Laffaille Xenia , Chancibault Katia , Brun Jean-Marc , Lemonsu Aude , Masson Valéry , Boone Aaron , Andrieu Hervé
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate change and demographic pressures are affecting
both the urban water balance and microclimate, thus amplifying urban
flooding and the urban heat island phenomena. These issues need to be
addressed when engaging in urban planning activities. Local authorities and
stakeholders have therefore opted for more nature-based adaptation
strategies, which are especially suitable in influencing hydrological and
energy processes. Assessing the multiple benefits of such strategies on the
urban microclimate requires high-performance numerical tools. This paper
presents recent developments dedicated to the water budget in the Town Energy
Balance for vegetated surfaces (TEB-Veg) model (surface externalisée;
SURFEX v7.3), thus providing a more complete representation of the
hydrological processes taking place in the urban subsoil. This new
hydrological module is called TEB-Hydro. Its inherent features include the
introduction of subsoil beneath built surfaces, the horizontal rebalancing
of intra-mesh soil moisture, soil water drainage via the sewer network and
the limitation of deep drainage. A sensitivity analysis is then performed in
order to identify the hydrological parameters required for model
calibration. This new TEB-Hydro model is evaluated on two small residential
catchments in Nantes (France), over two distinct periods, by comparing
simulated sewer discharge with observed findings. In both cases, the model
tends to overestimate total sewer discharge and performs better under wet
weather conditions, with a Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) statistical criterion greater than 0.80 vs.
approximately 0.60 under drier conditions. These results are encouraging
since the same set of model parameters is identified for both catchments,
irrespective of meteorological and local physical conditions. This approach
offers opportunities to apply the TEB-Hydro model at the city scale
alongside projections of climate and demographic changes.
(GO)2-SIM: a GCM-oriented ground-observation forward-simulator framework for objective evaluation of cloud and precipitation phase
Authors: Lamer Katia , Fridlind Ann M. , Ackerman Andrew S. , Kollias Pavlos , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Kelley Maxwell
Published: October 2018

Abstract. General circulation model (GCM) evaluation using ground-based observations
is complicated by inconsistencies in hydrometeor and phase definitions. Here
we describe (GO)2-SIM, a forward simulator designed for objective
hydrometeor-phase evaluation, and assess its performance over the North
Slope of Alaska using a 1-year GCM simulation. For uncertainty assessment,
18 empirical relationships are used to convert model grid-average
hydrometeor (liquid and ice, cloud, and precipitation) water contents to
zenith polarimetric micropulse lidar and Ka-band Doppler radar measurements,
producing an ensemble of 576 forward-simulation realizations. Sensor
limitations are represented in forward space to objectively remove from
consideration model grid cells with undetectable hydrometeor mixing ratios,
some of which may correspond to numerical noise. Phase classification in forward space is complicated by the inability of
sensors to measure ice and liquid signals distinctly. However, signatures
exist in lidar–radar space such that thresholds on observables can be
objectively estimated and related to hydrometeor phase. The
proposed phase-classification technique leads to misclassification in fewer than 8 % of
hydrometeor-containing grid cells. Such misclassifications arise because,
while the radar is capable of detecting mixed-phase conditions, it can
mistake water- for ice-dominated layers. However, applying the same
classification algorithm to forward-simulated and observed fields should
generate hydrometeor-phase statistics with similar uncertainty.
Alternatively, choosing to disregard how sensors define hydrometeor phase
leads to frequency of occurrence discrepancies of up to 40 %. So, while
hydrometeor-phase maps determined in forward space are very different from
model “reality” they capture the information sensors can provide and
thereby enable objective model evaluation.
Convective response to large-scale forcing in the Tropical Western
Pacific simulated by spCAM5 and CanAM4.3
Authors: Mitovski Toni , Cole Jason N. S. , McFarlane Norman A. , von Salzen Knut , Zhang Guang J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Changes in the large-scale environment during convective precipitation events in the Tropical Western Pacific simulated by version 4.3 of the Canadian Atmospheric Model (CanAM4.3) is compared against those simulated by version 5.0 of the super parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (spCAM5). This is done by compositing sub-hourly output of convective rainfall, convective available potential energy (CAPE), CAPE generation due to large-scale forcing in the free troposphere (dCAPELSFT), and near surface vertical velocity (ω) over the time period May–July 1997. Compared to spCAM5, CanAM4.3 tends to produce more frequent light convective precipitation ( 2 mm h−1). In spCAM5 5 % of convective precipitation events lasted less than 1.5 h and 75 % lasted between 1.5 and 3.0 h while in CanAM4.3 80 % of the events lasted less than 1.5 h. Convective precipitation in spCAM5 is found to be a function of dCAPELSFT and the large-scale near surface ω with variations in ω slightly leading variations in convective precipitation. Convective precipitation in CanAM4.3 does not have the same dependency and instead is found to be a function of CAPE.
First forcing estimates from the future CMIP6 scenarios of
anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey
effect
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , Stevens Bjorn , Gidden Matthew , Smith Steven J. , Riahi Keywan , van Vuuren Detlef
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We present the first forcing interpretation of the future anthropogenic aerosol scenarios of CMIP6 with the simple plumes parameterisation MACv2-SP. The nine scenarios for 2015 to 2100 are based on SO2 and NH3 emissions for use in CMIP6 (Riahi et al., 2017; Gidden et al., in prep.). We use the emissions to scale the observationally informed anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and the associated effect on the cloud albedo of present-day (Fiedler et al., 2017; Stevens et al., 2017) into the future. The resulting scenarios in MACv2-SP are then ranked according to their strength in forcing magnitude and spatial asymmetries. Almost all scenarios show a decrease in anthropogenic aerosol by 2100 with a range of 108 % to 36 % of the anthropogenic aerosol optical depth in 2015. We estimate the spread in the radiative forcing associated with the scenarios in the mid-2090s by performing ensembles of simulations with the atmosphere-only configuration of MPI-ESM1.2. MACv2-SP herein translates the CMIP6 emission scenarios for inducing aerosol forcing. With the implementation in our model, we obtain forcing estimates for both the shortwave instantaneous (RF) and effective radiative forcing (ERF) relative to 1850. Here, ERF accounts for rapid atmospheric adjustments and natural variability internal to the model. The spread for the mid-2090s is −0.20 to −0.57 Wm−2 (−0.15 to −0.54 Wm−2) for RF (ERF) of anthropogenic aerosol, associated with uncertainty in the emission pathway alone, i.e., the mid-2090s forcing ranges from 33–95% (30–108%) of the mid-2000s RF (ERF). We find a larger ERF spread of −0.15 to −0.92 Wm−2, when we additionally consider uncertainty in the magnitude of the Twomey effect. The year-to-year standard deviations around 0.3 Wm−2 associated with natural variability highlights the necessity for averaging over sufficiently long time periods for estimating ERF, in contrast to RF that is typically well constrained after simulating just one year. The scenario interpretation of MACv2-SP will be used within the framework of CMIP6 and other cutting-edge scientific endeavours.