bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND ITS IMPURITIES IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: GRACE A CAROLINE , T PRABHA , T SIVAKUMAR
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work is the development of new, sensitive, specific, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and determination of dapagliflozin and its impurities in tablet dosage form.

Methods: The chromatographic separation of drug and its impurities was achieved using Hypersil BDS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) with mobile phase consisted of mobile phase-A (Buffer pH 6.5) and mobile phase-B (acetonitrile:water 90:10) by gradient program at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with ultraviolet detection at 245 nm.

Results: Dapagliflozin and its impurities A, B, C, D, E, and impurity-F were successfully eluted at the retention time of 16.95, 2.72, 7.82, 10.58, 21.11, 30.37, and 34.36 min, respectively, with good resolution. The method was validated according to the international conference on harmonization guidelines. The validation results showed good precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, sensitivity, and robustness.

Conclusion: Successful separation and determination of dapagliflozin and its six impurities were achieved by the proposed method. The developed method can be applied for the routine analysis of dapagliflozin and its impurities in pharmaceutical formulations.
HYPERTHERMIA EFFECT ON HUMAN NORMAL BREAST (MCF-10A) AND CANCER (MDA-MB 231 AND MCF-7) CELLS
Authors: ELENGOE ASITA , MOHAMMED ALITHEEN NOOR JAHAN BANU , HAMDAN SALEHHUDDIN
Published: October 2019

Objective: In this study, the hyperthermia effect on the viability of human normal breast (MCF-10A) and cancer (MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7) cells was evaluated by MTT assay.

Methods: Cells were exposed to heat at 38ºC, 39ºC, 40ºC, 41ºC, 42ºC, 43ºC, and 44ºC for five different durations of heat exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h). Breakpoint temperatures of MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7 were determined using cumulative equivalent 43°C (CEM43) model. This model was first time used to calculate thermal isoeffect dose (TID) for MCF-10A, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7.

Results: MCF-10A started to die at 42°C for 3 h while MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 need a temperature of 38°C for 0.5 h; thus, they were identified as the threshold temperatures in CEM43 model. Furthermore, the effect of “43°C incubator 2 h” had similar total thermal dose as “44°C incubator 0.5 h” for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7. In addition, “43°C incubator 3 h” effect had also almost the same thermal dose as “44°C incubator 1 h” for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7.

Conclusion: A better understanding of the significant correlations between CEM43 and response parameters in clinical trials could be useful to treat breast cancer patients.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS), CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM), AND TULSI (OCIMUM) ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Authors: MONIKA YADAV  , ROOPAL DHAR  , SOHINI SINGH  , TANU ALLEN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present work aims to compare the essential oils (EOs) of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and Tulsi (Ocimum sp.) having antimicrobial activity and to find the most effective EO against different types of foodborne microorganisms.

Methods: The EOs were investigated for its antimicrobial activity against different types of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus and fungal strains such as Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Chaetomium globosum, and Penicillium funiculosum by agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial actions of these EOs were evaluated by calculating the zone of inhibition.

Results: Of the three EOs used in the study, the effect of clove oil was found greater against all the microorganisms followed by lemongrass and tulsi EOs. All the microorganisms used in the study were found sensitive to clove EO, wherein the highest zone of inhibition was observed in A. niger (41.56±5.05 mm) and P. funiculosum (40.34±4.83 mm), and C. globosum (39.53±1.69 mm) and smallest in S. aureus (9.77±0.93) and E. coli 1(11.07±0.52). Moreover, it was also found that EOs exhibit more sensitivity toward Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion: The successful effectiveness of EO can play an important role in resolving the major problem of human health arising due to the use of chemical preservative. It was found that EO of clove oil was the most effective against fungal and bacterial strains than lemongrass and tulsi EOs. Furthermore, clove oil is less costly than lemongrass and tulsi oil; it can be more economic and promising to be used as a food preservative against foodborne pathogens.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: SUPRIYA RAJA H
Published: October 2019

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models.

Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS IN THE PIPELINE AND POSSIBLE SYNERGISM WITH ANTIBIOTICS TO OVERCOME MICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Authors: EMTENAN M HANAFI  , ENAS N DANIAL
Published: October 2019

The unresponsive use of antibiotics led to the appearance of multiple drug-resistant bacteria strains. Studying the mechanism by which bacteria can resist antibiotics, the so called quorum sensing and biofilm formation, enabled the researchers to find bioactive compounds, derived from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The disrupt of this mechanism is called quorum sensing inhibitors or quorum quenchers. This article provides an overview on the current research done on such bioactive compounds, the possible use of them as antibiotic alternatives, what are the advantage and disadvantages, the source from which it has been extracted, and how it may succeed to overcome bacterial resistance. The recommendation of researchers is to use some of these natural antimicrobial compounds combined to lower doses of antibiotics for treatment, the fastest way to limit the adverse effects of the exploitation of antibiotics and to avoid bacterial resistance.
FEBUXOSTAT MODULATES OXIDATIVE AND APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS IN ACUTE DOXORUBICIN‑INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL STUDY
Authors: HAYDER M AL-KURAISHY  , ALI I AL-GAREEB  , HANY AKEEL NAJI
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Doxorubicin is one of the most important and powerful anticancer drugs, the most pronounced limitation for its use is toxicity on normal cells. Mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is multifactorial and complex, including direct DNA damage, formation of free radicals, interference with DNA repair, and activation of immune reactions. Febuxostat is a non-purine-selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor decrease the production of uric acid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of febuxostat on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats regarding oxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects.

Methods: A total of 30 Sprague Dawley male rats were used which subdivided into three groups: Group I (negative control group) received normal saline for 10 days, Group II (positive control group) received normal saline plus single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, IP), and Group III (treated group) received febuxostat (10 mg/kg, po), for 10 successive days plus single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, I.P.). Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), caspase-3, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidase (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha were estimated by ELISA kit method.

Results: Febuxostat administration before doxorubicin led to significant decrease on cardiac troponin, caspase-3, and elevation in GSH-Px levels significantly p<0.05. While the effects of febuxostat on BNP, LPO, MDA, tumor necrosis-alpha were insignificant p>0.05 compare to doxorubicin.

Conclusion: Febuxostat attenuates DIC through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic biomarkers.
IDENTIFICATION OF ETHNOMEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SALVADORA PERSICA L. (SALVADORACEAE)
Authors: PRABHAKARAN K  , JOHN BRITTO S  , PREETHI J
Published: October 2019

Objective: Salvadora persica L. is a dense foliaceous evergreen shrub or small tree with diversified medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to do a comparative study on phytochemical composition between different plant parts of S. persica collected from the southern region of India.

Methods: The phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extracts from leaves, tender stems and tree bark of S. persica was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Also, the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of extracts was analyzed in vitro by Disc-diffusion method.

Results: GC-MS/MS analysis of S. persica showed 29 phytocompounds. Among them, except for eugenol, caryophyllene, benzyl isothiocyanate, oleic acid, and fatty acid, the remaining 24 phytocompounds were newly reported in the present study. For the first time, a maximum amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (73.5%) was identified from tree bark extract of S. persica and this extract showed higher in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi than leaves and tender stems.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that benzyl isothiocyanate could be the major antimicrobial component in S. persica.
IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAFFEIC ACID ON MERCURIC CHLORIDE-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: MANOGARAN MANJU  , GANESAN JAGASEESAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: Mercury (Hg) is a highly dangerous and also one of the harmful heavy metals which induces oxidative stress in the animal body. The present study is planned to examine the possible defensive result of caffeic acid (CA) against mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats, Rattus norvegicus.

Methods: Sublethal dose of HgCl2 (1.29 mg/kg body weight) was administrated in rats for 15 days through oral dose and the CA was administrated for another 15 days on mercuric-intoxicated rats. After completing the scheduled exposure time, the rats were sacrificed and the whole liver organ was removed immediately from the animal, and it was used to carry out for biochemical and bioenzymological studies to observe.

Results: The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) content reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver tissue. CA is an energetic component in the phenolic propolis extract and also in a wide variety of plants, and a strong antioxidant helps to prevent oxidative damage and to reduce oxidative stress. The antioxidants such as GPx, CAT, and SOD and non-antioxidant GSH were significantly decreased, and also, the LPO level was increased in mercury toxicity rats. The treatment of CA (5 mg/kg body weight) in the liver tissue shows considerable declining in the level of oxidant content and along with an increase in the level of antioxidant properties by the way of improvement in liver tissues. Antioxidant and non-antioxidant enzyme (LOP, GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT) activities were also significantly decreased to near untreated control level when compared to Hg-treated group. The CA acid alone treatment showed the enhanced antioxidant levels and not any alteration in the levels of biochemical parameters when compared with control.

Conclusion: These observations of the present experimental study clearly explained the detoxify effects and protective effect of CA against HgCl2 toxicity in liver tissue.
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION, QSAR AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF 2,4-DICHLOROBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: SAMRIDHI THAKRAL  , VIKRAMJEET SINGH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid derivatives as antimicrobial agents through in vitro, QSAR and molecular docking studies.

Methods: The compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screening by test tube dilution method and the structural characteristics governing the antimicrobial potential were studied using QSAR methodology. These compounds were also screened for docking simulation to find out binding confirmation of reported compounds with PDB 1aj0 and 5fsa using AutoDock tools and discovery studio.

Results: The antimicrobial evaluation data indicated that compounds 13 and 18 were found to be the most effective against all the bacterial strains and Aspergillus niger while compounds 1 and 14 exhibited more antifungal potential against Candida albicans. QSAR studies confirmed the role of molar refractivity and Balaban index (J) as controlling parameters for antimicrobial potential. Molecular modeling study revealed that compounds interact with the active site of PDB by hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Wall interactions.

Conclusion: These test compounds were identified as potent candidates for the control of microbial strains tested, and structural relationship with activity may provide valuable information for further design and synthesis of compounds with antimicrobial potential.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHOTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUITS
Authors: SEOW LAY JING  , KHOR POH YEN  , GOURI KUMAR DASH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective effects of Carica papaya fruits using spectrophotometric methods.
Methods: The dried fruit powder of C. papaya was extracted separately in methanol, ethanol, and distilled water for 2 days on a constant heating water bath at 60°C. The extracts were concentrated under vacuum using a rotary evaporator and separately dried in a desiccator to yield the methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Proximate analysis of the fruit powder such as determination of ash values, loss on drying, and extractive values was performed as per the World Health Organization guidelines. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and compared with ascorbic acid. The photoprotective effect was evaluated by the spectrophotometric method.
Results: Our results revealed the total phenolic content 59.7±1.15 for methanol extract, 56.1±0.33 for ethanol extract, and 64.4±1.95 for the aqueous extract μg/ml of gallic acid equivalent. The level of flavonoids, expressed in quercetin equivalents in μg/ml, of methanol extract was of 79.3±0.61, ethanol extract 66.3±0.13, and aqueous extract 23.9±0.26, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was found superior to ascorbic acid that was used as the standard for activity comparison. The results of sun protection factor (SPF) in vitro study demonstrated comparable SPF in a concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The flavonoids and phenolic compounds present in the extracts could be responsible by the photoprotective effect of C. papaya.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: SUJITHA KUTTINATH  , HARITHA KH  , RAM RAMMOHAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to perform phytochemical screening, and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities of Sauropus androgynus leaf extract against pathogenic organisms.
Methods: Sauropus androgynus leaves were shade dried, powdered, and extracted by Soxhlet hot extraction procedure using ethanol or methanol. The aqueous extract was prepared using a rotary shaker. The qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was estimated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging assay. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of extracts against various pathogens was performed using serial microdilution assay and microtiter plate method, respectively.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. GC-MS studies also revealed the presence of biologically active compounds. Methanolic extract of S. androgynus showed higher DPPH Scavenging activity compared to other extracts. All the extracts were able to inhibit both bacterial growth and biofilm production; however, the methanolic extract showed the highest antibiofilm activity.
Conclusion: S. androgynus plant extracts possess significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activity.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BACOPA MONNIERI AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY INDUCED METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN MICE BRAIN AND LIVER HOMOGENATES: AN IN VITRO APPROACH
Authors: FLORA C SHAH  , NAYAN K JAIN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of synthetic antioxidants mixture comprising N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine as micronutrient combinational therapy and ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri as herbal antioxidant therapy approach against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in vitro.

Methods: Experimental study involved in vitro exposure of mice brain and liver homogenates to different doses (100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM) of lead acetate. The study also involved coadministration of high-dose lead acetate (500 μM) and specific dosage of synthetic antioxidants or ethanolic extract of B. monnieri separately to homogenate cultures. Alterations in metabolic parameters of protein levels and lipid peroxidation were analyzed for evaluating the protective effect of synthetic antioxidants and B. monnieri against lead intoxication.

Results: Results revealed dose-dependent statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction in protein levels and elevation in lipid peroxidation in lead acetate exposed mice brain and liver homogenates as compared to their respective control groups. Coadministration of lead acetate and synthetic antioxidants mixture or B. monnieri in the brain and liver homogenates conferred protection and manifested maintenance of studied biochemical parameters nearest to control groups. Ameliorative efficacy of B. monnieri against lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity was found to be more pronounced than that of a mixture of synthetic antioxidants.

Conclusion: Synthetic antioxidants mixture (N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine) and B. monnieri exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice brain and liver homogenates by virtue of their antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective abilities.
PRODUCTION OF BETALAINS FROM HAIRY ROOT CULTURE OF BETA VULGARIS AND ITS USE IN PARACETAMOL SYRUP AS A NATURAL COLOURANT
Authors: ASHOKA BABU VL  , MADHAVAN V
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to extract betalains from hairy root culture of Beta vulgaris and its use in pharmaceutical formulations as a colorant.

Methods: Hairy roots were initiated using different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes such as A.2/83, A.20/83, A.4, and LMG 150; LMG 150 was found to initiate a large number of hairy roots, and betalain content was estimated. Paracetamol syrup was prepared using extracted betalains as a colorant at different concentrations of 10 and 30 mg/150 ml. Stability studies were carried out at a different temperatures such as 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C) and light (dark, 1000 and 2000 lux) for 45 days.

Results: In case of a concentration of 10 mg/150 ml syrup, the effects of temperature such as 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C and dark condition on the degradation of betalains were found to be 48%, 88%, and 100% in 45 days, respectively. The effects of temperature such as 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C at light 1000 lux on degradations of betalains were found to be 81% and 98% at 25°C and 30°C in 45 days, respectively, and 100% at 40°C in 30 days and at 2000 lux were found to be 100% at 25°C and 30°C in 30 days and 100% at 40°C in 10 days. The similar levels of degradation rate were observed with a concentration of 30 mg/150 ml.

Conclusion: Experimental data demonstrated that formulation with betalains exhibited better stability at the dark condition and lower temperature.
Characterization and Prevalence of Clindamycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical samples of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Authors: AMRULLAH SHIDIKI  , BIJAY RAJ PANDIT  , ASHISH VYAS
Published: October 2019

Objective: Clindamycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of severe form of skin, soft tissue, and blood infections caused by resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the form of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and erythromycin-resistant S. aureus. In this research, we determine the susceptibility pattern of isolated S. aureus strains against antibiotics and the prevalence of resistant S. aureus in the form of MRSA, inducible clindamycin-resistant S. aureus (inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B [iMLSB]) and constitutive clindamycin-resistant S. aureus (cMLSB).

Methods: A total of 310 isolated S. aureus among 2000 different clinical samples were subjected to oxacillin (1 μg) as per the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for MRSA. Clindamycin-resistant either in the form of iMLSB or cMLSB was determined through double disk diffusion method or D-test by use erythromycin (2 μg) and clindamycin (15 μg) as per the CLSI guidelines.

Results: Out of total S. aureus, MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were 78.06% and 20.64%, respectively. This study showed that iMLSB and cMLSB were 34.19% and 23.22%. Both iMLSB and cMLSB were found more among MRSA than MSSA (43.80%, 26.85% and 40.62%, 10.93%), respectively.

Conclusion: This study helps for the characterization of different resistant strains of S. aureus along with the determination of the prevalence rate of these mutant forms causing nosocomial infections.
MEDICINAL HERBS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION: A REVIEW
Authors: APOORVA HA  , SEEMA MEHDI  , KRISHNA KL  , NABEEL K
Published: October 2019

Depression is a condition of no mood and loss of interest in any activity that can diminish a person’s thinking, conduct, tendencies, emotional state, and a sense of well-being. Although there is a conventional class of medication which have been beneficial in the treatment of depression, current studies have reported having side effects which can be minimized by the intervention of herbs and phytochemicals. Most of the studies have proven the various mechanisms and have started to research a very ground-breaking method by glancing the ancient treatmen. Where this new approach of using the herbs and phytochemicals has shown better results alone and in combination with conventional drugs which has shown lesser adverse effects. The practice of phytomedicine is an additional option for the treatment of depression. In the various segments of treating the depression, the mainstream can be a breakthrough including phytoconstituents. In this aspect, there are many contributions for the treatment of the depression acting to the neuronal level signaling and the phytoconstituents also have shown some basic mechanisms in the treatment of depression as that of the conventional medications following some primary hypothesis and signaling pathways and life interactions that effects the brain in either way to treat the depression in all sort of way. Clinical evidence is required to provide backing to the safety and effectiveness of herbs and phytochemicals alone or in combination with currently available drugs to overcome the reported side effects during the treatment of depression.
The STANDARDIZATION OF A TRADITIONAL POLYHERBAL FORMULATION WITH PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY; ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: ARUNIKA SUBBA  , PALASH MANDAL  , Subba Arunika
Published: October 2019

Objective: Pharmacognostic study, evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activity along with phytochemical contents of an ethnomedicine (AR) which is used for the treatment of arthritis and diabetes in some villages of West Sikkim.

Methods: The herbal formulation was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus successively in ten solvents from low to high polarity. The extracts were subjected to antioxidant activity, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical estimation as well as in vitro antidiabetic activity. For pharmacognostic characterization, parameters such as fluorescence activity, physicochemical values, powder microscopy, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were performed. Mean values with p<0.05 were considered significant in statistical analysis.

Results: Pharmacognostic study revealed various plants tissues. Ash values suggested the presence of earthy materials and moisture content near to the maximum range. Variation of colors was exhibited by AR in fluorescence analysis. TLC expressed the presence of phytoconstituents and the Rf values were noted down to be used in the future for authentication of the sample. Potential antioxidant capacity was observed in AR, phenolics significantly contributing in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 2, 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)+ scavenging activity and reducing power. Non-polar solvent showed the presence of alkaloid and steroids. The antidiabetic activity was very high in some extracts of AR with acetone extract showing the highest enzyme inhibiting activity. IC50 of acetone extract was 0.26±0.003 mg/ml.

Conclusion: Overall study established a basic reference for the formulation AR. It was considered to possess antioxidant activity, but the interesting part of the study was its antidiabetic activity which is needed to be validated with in vivo studies and toxicity assessment.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF RIDGE GOURD FRUIT
Authors: FARES HEZAM AL-OSTOOT  , YASSER HUSSEIN EISSA MOHAMMED  , ZABIULLA  , SUNIL KUMARA DS  , SHAUKATH ARA KHANUM
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential and in vitro anthelmintic activity of ridge gourd fruit (Luffa acutangula) against Indian earthworms.

Methods: For anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina spiralis), various different extracts concentration of L. acutangula fruit have been taken. Five concentrations as 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/ml of various extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for the death of worms. Albendazole (20 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and water (0.5%) as a control group.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the different extracts of ridge gourd fruit was shown to produce anthelmintic activities. In the present study, it was observed that all the extracts of ridge gourd fruit have exhibited a positive response to a certain degree of anthelmintic activity. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited more potent activity at the lower concentration of 10 mg/mL against A. galli (Roundworm). The anthelmintic activity of L. acutangula fruit extract has, therefore, been demonstrated.
POTENTIAL NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTICANCER PROPERTIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: BALABHASKAR R  , RAJENDRA KUMAR A  , SELVARAJAN S  , FARIDHA A  , GAYATHRI GUNALAN
Published: October 2019

Natural products continue to be a source for the discovery of drugs and drug leads even from ancient period. 80% of drug molecules have been obtained from either natural products or derivatives of the natural product. It has been found that the concept of a single drug for treating single disease may become outdated in the near future and the need of polyherbal formulations, as an alternate remedy is under investigation. Medicinal and aromatic plants contain biologically important phytochemicals, which have known curative properties. They are found as secondary metabolites in plants. Plants also contain certain other compounds that moderate the effects of the active ingredients. Medicinal and aromatic plants have their own contribution toward the treatment of both noncommunicable and communicable diseases. A survey done by the WHO indicates that a majority of the world population tends to use plants for treating diseases. Cancer, the second largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease accounts for about 3500 million people globally. Due to the serious side effects of synthetic chemopreventive agents, research is going onto investigate the nature derived chemopreventive agents. In addition to the plant-derived compounds, marine, and animal resources also play an important role as clinically beneficial anticancer agents with minimal or no toxicity. The best examples for plant-derived compounds include vincristine, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide, and paclitaxel; they have a different mode of action against cancer such as interaction with microtubules, inhibition of topoisomerases I or II, alkylation of DNA, and interference with tumor signal transduction. The natural products from marine sources such as bryostatin, squalamine exhibit a significant antimitotic, and anti-angiogenic activities. The benefits of various anticancer drugs derived from natural products are the fact that it can have its effect on cancer cells alone without harming healthy cells, which is unlikely to be the case with other conventional chemotherapeutics. In this review, various natural products and their anticancer properties have been discussed briefly.
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA U  , ANUPAMA RAO  , JYOTHI DESOZA  , VINITA RAMANATH PAI  , SINDHU NAIR  , VIJAYA KUMAR  , BHUVANESH SUKHLAL KALAL
Published: October 2019

Objective: Gram-negative bacteria provoke polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) to release reactive oxygen species in chronic periodontitis (CP). Inability to maintain a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels makes patients more susceptible to periodontal disease. The present study aims to estimate and compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium and patients with CP.

Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, a total of 20 subjects (10 with clinically healthy periodontium and 10 with CP) were subjected to unstimulated salivary sample collection for biochemical estimation of TAOC by spectrophotometric assay using Kovacevic method. Analysis of data was done with unpaired student t-test, using SPSS version 22 statistical program.

Results: Salivary TAOC was significantly higher in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium compared to CP patients. It was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion: This study indicated increased levels of salivary TAOC in patients with CP compared to clinically healthy periodontium. Alteration in defensive antioxidant status could be a risk factor in the progression of periodontal disease.
Los magonistas en La Protesta. Lecturas rioplatenses del anarquísmo en México, 1906-1929
Authors: YANKELEVICH PABLO
Published: October 2019

THIS ARTICLE STUDIES THE IMPACT AND PERCEPTION OF MAGONISM IN THE ANARCHIST ARGENTINIAN ROWS. THE TRACKING OF MEXICAN INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN LA PROTESTA FOR THREE DECADES, ALLOWED PERIODIZING IN THREE STAGES THE LOOKS THAT THE 'LIBERTARIOS RIOPLATENSE'S DIRECTED TO THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION. WE HAVE A FIRST MOMENT OF CLOSENESS TO MEXICAN REALITY UPON THE BASIS OF 'REGENERACION' LECTURS, AND REPORTS WRITTEN BY ANARCHIST ARGENTINES THAT TRAVELLED TO MEXICO AND LOS ANGELES; A SECOND STAGE, WHERE THE REVOLUTION WAS THE REASON FOR A LARGE POLEMIC PUBLISHED ON THE PAGES OF THE ARGENTINIAN NEWSPAPER; AND FINALLY A THIRD MOMENT, WHERE THE DEFICIENCIES IN THINKING AND ANARCHIST ACTION ARE MANIFEST THROUGH ALL THE 20'S.
Pasado sin futuro y futuro sin pasado
Authors: Subirats Eduardo
Published: October 2019

El artículo nos presenta un ejercicio refl exivo escrito a modo testimonial y vivencial sobre el desarrollo de la teoría crítica en España y en América Latina. Es un texto analítico, cuyo contenido plantea cuestiones centrales que aluden a las identidades nacionales contemporáneas y sus terribles pasados.
Las múltiples caras de la islamofobia
Authors: Grosfoguel Ramón
Published: October 2019

El artículo discute las múltiples manifestaciones y dimensiones de la islamofobia. Ésta es entendida como una forma de racismo que tiene larga duración en el sistema-mundo, pero resurgió con fuerza a partir del 11 de septiembre de 2001. Dedicando especial atención a la islamofobia epistémica como una manera de racismo epistémico.
La Escuela–Ayllu de Warisata, Bolivia y sus relaciones con México
Authors: Vilchis Cedillo Arturo
Published: October 2019

La constitución y desarrollo de la Escuela de Warisata durante la década del 30 del siglo XX en América, como un proyecto para las comunidades originarias que partía de las tradiciones y costumbres ancestrales, se convirtió en una obra innovadora y opuesta a los proyectos pedagógicos instaurados en Latinoamérica, que produjo la simpatía de diversas naciones de la región, específicamente con la nación mexicana, que también contaba con una experiencia educativa para los pueblos originarios. Ambas naciones mantuvieron diversas relaciones e intercambios, a pesar de que sus proyectos pedagógicos eran diferentes.
Reimaginação do cinema latino-americano
Authors: Guilherme Albano Sebastião
Published: October 2019

 

 

Después de la abolición de la esclavitud, el prejuicio y la exclusión en contra de la población de descendencia negra formaron parte de la cotidianidad en Brasil. Sin embargo, la imagen del país como un paraíso racial fue alentada, sostenida y divulgada por la élite en el poder, especialmente a partir de la década de los años sesenta, momento que coincidió con el inicio del proceso de la descolonización africana. Una élite que al mismo tiempo que segregaba y discriminaba a los descendientes de los negros brasileños al interior del país, comenzó a “exhibir” y mostrarse orgullosa, a escala internacional, de su población negra. El artículo pretende mostrar cómo la élite, sobre todo en la época de la dictadura militar, buscó apropiarse de los elementos culturales más representativos del grupo racializado con objetivos de política exterior, pero sin modificar las estructuras sociales que mantenían parámetros de discriminación y desigualdad. Sin embargo, esto no ocurrió sin la movilización del grupo directamente afectado, incluso en momentos en los que la represión azotó a la sociedad brasileña. 
Imágenes y Representaciones de la Prensa Puertorriqueña: Control de Natalidad, Esterilización y Anticonceptivos en El Mundo, El Imparcial y Claridad (1943-1974)
Authors: Sánchez Rivera Rachell
Published: October 2019

Dentro del periodo de industrialización y modernización de Puerto Rico (1940-1970) ocurrieron muchos elementos que contribuyeron a un cambio de ideas acerca de reproducción y la clínica como aparato disciplinario. En este artículo estudiaremos como los debates de esterilización y experimentaciones con anticonceptivos eran representados en los rotativos El Mundo, El Imparcial y Caridad. Por medio de estos debates podremos observar como la reproducción puertorriqueña sirve como base para analizar críticamente los sectores y argumentos que formaban parte de los mismos. Bajo el estudio de estos rotativos podremos observar los cambios entre debates y cómo se presentaba la mujer que, era sometida o no, a las políticas de control poblacional.
REPRESENTATIVE SET OF EARTHQUAKE ACCELEROGRAMMS FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES DURING EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg Vartanovich , Reshetov Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2019

In the process of structural engineering of buildings and structures with the use of direct dynamic methods the accelerogramms of earthquakes with the parameters corresponding to a specific construction site are required. Such accelerogramms could be obtained by various methods. For example, they could be produced by seismologists. However, for a structural engineer it could be required to get them processed (balancing, segregation of separate phase of impact, etc.), that is not always convenient to do. Moreover, an accelerogramm with slightly different spectral composition and lifespan, nevertheless applicable to a given construction site, could be required. Also an accelerogramm could be generated with the use of specially designed software. Although it’s not always convenient as it requires certain amount of time and could cause some difficulties during formation of original data for generation and also for obtaining correct results. In order to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties the authors proposed the representative set of synthesized earthquake accelerogramms which could be applied for various combinations of seismic properties of construction sites. The present article sets outs the principal approaches to formation of the set of earthquake accelerogramms, designated for design of buildings and structures in terms of earthquake effects. Purpose requirements to discrete accelerogramms and to the set as a whole have been disclosed, purpose characteristics of accelerogramms have been set out, clarifications and recommendations for application of the representative set of accelerogramms in practical calculations have been enclosed.
STUDY OF GEOMETRIC DEVIATIONS OF THE LARGE-SPAN SHELL OVER STADIUM STANDS WITH A LARGE NOTCH ON THE ELLIPTICAL PLAN OF DONBAS ARENA
Authors: Mushchanov Vladimir Fillipovich , Yugov Anatoliy Mikhaylovich , Bondarev Aleksey Borisovich
Published: October 2019

The present article is concerned with determination and research of probable geometric deviations of the large-span shell covering stadium stands with a large notch on the elliptical plan of Donbas Arena in town of Donetsk. The authors implemented a review of previous studies in the field of geometric deviations, erection loads, and other specific factors arising in the process of design → manufacturing → erection → service of steel structures of large-span shells. Determination and analysis of erection and assembly deviations arising during erection of stadium shell unit is done by means of author’s software application - Computing System ‘Dimensional Analysis of Lattice Structures’ (VK RASK). The results of analysis and studies show that the amounts of geometric deviations arising during assembly of shell unit before elevation have been estimated. The authors analysed measures provided by the project of MERO enterprise for compensation of erection and assembly deviations and loads in the roof.
Terapia Cognitivo Conductual para mujeres que sufrieron violencia por su pareja íntima: Estudio de casos múltiplos
Authors: Habigzang Luisa Fernanda , Gomes Ferreira Petersen Mariana , Zamagna Maciel Luisa
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La violencia contra la mujer es un fenómeno que puede generar perjuicios para la salud mental y la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) es indicada para el tratamiento psicológico de estas mujeres por presentar evidencias de efectividad. Objetivo: Describir el proceso y el resultado de un protocolo de intervención cognitivo conductual para mujeres que sufrieron violencia por su pareja íntima, a través de estudios de caso. Método: Participaron cuatro mujeres con historia de violencia conyugal y síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). El proceso terapéutico fue descrito usando las técnicas y recortes clínicos provenientes de los registros de las sesiones, los síntomas fueran evaluados antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Las técnicas utilizadas se mostraron adecuadas para disminución de los síntomas. Conclusión: Este estudio corrobora la literatura, presentando evidencias iniciales de efectividad de un protocolo de TCC para el tratamiento de mujeres en situación de violencia conyugal.
La Cultura Política en Pasto
Authors: Rivas Osorio Pedro Pablo
Published: October 2019

Este artículo hace parte de una investigación exploratoria realizada en el Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Latinoamericanas -CEILAT- de la Universidad de Nariño; se aplicaron encuestas elaboradas con temas de uso en Cultura Política y que forman parte directa o connotativamente del cuerpo conceptual de la Filosofía Política. Los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas se han graficado y analizado con instrumentos propios de estas técnicas. Este es un primer momento del análisis. Por otra parte, las entrevistas a grupos focales aplicadas a habitantes de la ciudad de Pasto nos han dado indicios de los conocimientos que tienen los participantes de conceptos utilizados en las encuestas.
MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATION OF DISTRACTIONAL REGENERATE BONE
Authors: Diachkov K. A. , Gubin A. V. , Vasiliev A. Yu. , Diachkova G. V. , Aranovich A. M.
Published: October 2019

The review presents the results of diagnostic imaging techniques for evaluation of distractional regenerate bone starting from classical polypositional radiography to modern imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. There are described the modifications of the known techniques for evaluation of regeneration bone with quantitative and qualitative analysis, the opinions of different authors about possibilities and problems of imaging practices. There are presented the problems and goals for more effective evaluation of new bone at different stages of limb lengthening with the focus on a wider application of modern imaging modalities at medical institutions. The review is based on dissertation work of K. A. Diachkov «Diagnostic imaging for detection of the rules of distractional regenerate bone formation and bone quality during limb lengthening». Literature review was performed using database of PubMed, Medline, Embase 12 Russian journals on traumatology and orthopaedics, diagnostic imaging 2007–2016. All articles on evaluation of distractional bone regeneration were reviewed.
THE BASICS OF VI-RADS CONCEPT OF MULTIPARAMETRIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF BLADDER CANCER
Authors: Mishchenko A. V. , Vasiliev A. V. , Petrova A. S. , Danilov V. V.
Published: October 2019

High relevance of bladder cancer is determined not only by high morbidity rates, but a wide range of therapeutic measures that depend on the exact definition of the degree of invasion and the prevalence of tumor disease. Although transurethral resection and subsequent pathological study plays crucial role opportunity of preliminary assessment and treatment monitoring by using MRI open up broad prospects. In this regard, were developed the criteria of MRI in the access of the bladder tumor. Rules of carrying out scanning, and interpretation of the images are consolidated in recommendation VI-RADS. It has been approved by authoritative societiesof radiologists and urologists. The use of these recommendations will avoid many mistakes and increase understanding among radiologists as well as urologists.
QUOTES FROM THE FABLES OF IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV IN RUSSIAN SPEECH (The 250-th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Sidorenko Konstantin Pavlovich
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to some questions of functioning of quotation units from I.A. Krylov’s fables (actually quotations, literary images, winged expressions and phraseological units created on their basis). The author's word is considered from the standpoint of intertext dynamics, taking into account the complex problems of intertext derivation associated with variation, normative mobility, frequency, segmentation, associative activity, polydiscursivity, diversity and inconsistency of illustrative contexts, types of intertextile contaminations on the background of the phraseological contamination. Intertexual energy of the fable, within the terms of the Russian verbal culture, directed from the source of morality as the foundation works to engage in explicit or implicit citation of the fragments, correlated with the narrative escorts, consequential historical events and the development of a variety of structuralsemantic paradigms and based on a specific organization of the units used. Description of intertext units can be focused on two ways of accounting and processing of material. First, it is an appeal to the “nuclear” part of the circle of verbal culture. The number of works of an author is usually relatively small, but a large number of authors themselves. In the dictionaries of the winged expressions as a whole is represented by about 50-60 dictionary entries of Krylov. Secondly, there may be publications on the intertext potential of one author, when taken into account almost all or almost everything that goes beyond the source text, the number of dictionary entries increases significantly, which allows to determine the status of the author’s idioms in the intertext picture of the world. In this case, it becomes possible to understand the citation in the broadest sense as the use of the author’s word outside the author’s text. The revised citation heterogeneous unity: idioms, actual quotes, often playing off of segments of these unities, literary images. Intertext dynamics is a functional condition for the life of this material. It is primarily numerous changes frazeological modeling, segmentation, dispersion, associative movement. It is significant that the past two centuries have shown consistent continuity and significant typological similarity in a series of endless uses of the fabled word Krylov.
OPTIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CONTAINING TEONIMA IN THE AZERBAIJAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Sadigova Ayten Pilahga kyzy
Published: October 2019

In the article, the idea is put forward that in the phraseological system of the Azerbaijani language, alliteration and assonances are less active in the manifestations than in other languages. Comparative analysis of theonyms and demonims in composite phraseological units in the Azerbaijani language shows that a sufficient degree of functionality is demonstrated here not only by the presence of types of sound reproduction of both sound repetitions, but also by the widespread joint (alliterativeassonance) model of figurative phonetic image techniques.