bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La mudez innombrable: verso e imagen en la poesía de Raúl Zurita
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato (México), Rangel Asunción
Published: November 2022

Al final del libro titulado Zurita (2011) cristaliza un poema en el que confluye, casi en su totalidad, el pensamiento poético del chileno. El poema está compuesto por veintidós versos colocados, cada uno, encima de veintidós fotografías –originalmente tomadas por Nicolás Piwonka– de los acantilados de la costa norte chilena. La textura, la intensidad y la cadencia –los sonidos que el poema teje, así como sus sílabas tónicas, su rima y engarce de verso con verso–, urden un artificio poético que reclama la presencia de la fotografía ahí donde surge “la mudez innombrable”. En palabras del chileno, en el ensayo “Poesía y nuevo mundo” del libro Son importantes las estrellas (2017), se trata del “vislumbre de lo no dicho; de un corazón sin palabras atascado en el centro mismo de la vida” (29). “La mudez inmemorable”, a la que Zurita se refiere no sólo en la colección de ensayos, sino también en su poesía, constituye uno de los presupuestos más arraigados y entrañables de su pensamiento poético.
Gabriela Mistral y su lectura de Camille Flammarion: ciencia, religión y educación (1904-1908)
Authors:   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (Chile), Ramírez Verónica , Leyton Patricio
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo analiza la lectura que realizó Gabriela Mistral a las obras del astrónomo, divulgador y no-velista francés Camille Flammarion, durante la primera década del siglo XX. El análisis se concentra en los textos periodísticos publicados por Lucila Godoy en la prensa local de La Serena (El Coquimboy La Voz de Elqui), entre los años 1904 y 1908. Los objetivos principales son, por una parte, demostrar que la apropiación de Mistral de las ideas de Flammarion constituyó un aspecto relevante para motivar y responder inquietudes intelectuales y espirituales en su etapa inicial como pedagoga y poeta; y, por otra, constatar que los públicos de contextos locales y espacios periféricos ejercen un rol activo en la circulación del conocimiento científico, así como en la atribución de significado a este.
La singularidad de la autorreflexión ensayística. La palabra quebrada de Martín Cerda como poética del ensayo
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes (Chile), Gavilán Ismael
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo aborda La palabra quebrada (1982) de Martín Cerda como un texto donde puede verse cumplida una singular autorreflexividad que permite la articulación de un discurso desde el ensayo respecto del ensayo. Este gesto autorreflexivo está inscrito en la concepción moderna de este género por lo que implica no sólo una representación de un temple epocal basado en la asunción de un modo de escribir, sino también como un proceder que señala un hacer y que permite comprender la obra de Cerda en la peculiaridad de sus nociones discursivas que se ven desplegadas a modo de una poética.
Y “el lobo bautista me dio alcance”. Una relectura de Lobos y ovejas de Manuel Silva Acevedo .
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes (Chile), Fernández B. Braulio , Suárez M. Zenaida ,   Universidad de los Andes (Chile)
Published: November 2022

El presente texto trata de dilucidar las relaciones de transtextualidad que establece Lobos y ovejas (1976) de Manuel Silva Acevedo con el evangelio cristiano. Así, convertido este en un hipotexto de alto con-traste, los símbolos constituidos por el “lobo”, la “oveja” y el “pastor” pueden leerse, a raíz de la teoría intertextual, como figuras transfiguradas desde la tradición cristiana.
El espíritu del valle no muere, a saber, la hembra oscura: algunos rasgos fundamentales de la tradición china en la poesía chilena
Authors:   Universidad O’Higgins (Chile), Aedo Roberto
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se estudia el vínculo entre la poesía china y la chilena: las huellas de una cultura y tradición milenarias en una rama joven de la antigua tradición de la lengua castellana, que en el siglo XX constituyó una de las prolongaciones mejores de su sabia. En este contexto, postulamos que ambas naciones tienen una historia que las vincula de manera significativa con el fenómeno poético, con la compleja y múltiple realidad de la poesía. Asimismo, postulamos que, no obstante su carácter hasta ahora secreto, dicha rela-ción existe y su cartografía puede delinearse con varios hitos relevantes dentro de la geografía poética de Chile, a lo largo y ancho del siglo XX. Por último, postulamos que la presencia de la tradición china en estas obras constituye una muestra no solo del incesante diálogo dentro de la literatura mundial, sino que la base para un diálogo futuro, verdaderamente transcultural, para una apropiación productiva en ambas direcciones que —aunque haciéndose como proceso— todavía no ha acontecido.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women towards Dental Diagnostic Radiation Hazards: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sivasankari T , Reddy Jagat , . Kaviya , . Ezhumalai
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with reduced immunity and greater susceptibility to infection than any other population. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), thousands of pregnant women are exposed to diagnostic medical ionising radiation each year. The effects of radiation exposure can be classified as deterministic or stochastic. The deterministic effects occur principally above a threshold dose, reflecting cell death. The stochastic effect occurs sometimes after exposure and is mainly represented by radiation-induced cancer. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards dental radiation hazards among pregnant women visiting a tertiary healthcare centre. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, self-designed and structured 15-item questionnaire study was conducted among 84 pregnant women to assess their knowledge and awareness about radiation hazards at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Puducherry, India, from January 2021 to June 2021. The data was collected and statistically analysed using the Chi-square test. The percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for each participant. Cronbach’s alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire and inter-item statistics. Results: The study population consisted of pregnant women with an age range of 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 27.7 years. The result showed 15 (17.9%) of pregnant women knew that X-rays are harmful to the foetus and 10 (11.9%) of pregnant women were aware that they should reveal their pregnancy status before undergoing dental radiographic procedures. Conclusion: On an average, 40-80% of pregnant women had a lack of knowledge about dental radiation hazards and their effects, which clearly shows that there is a need for educating pregnant women about the hazards and risks associated with radiation exposure.
Status of Mast Cells in Autopsy Specimens of Prostate: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sarkar Swapan Kumar , Mukherjee Anumoy , Alam Rabiul , Ghosh Suman
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Mast cells are found in areas rich in connective tissues and beneath epithelial surfaces. Mast cells have been extensively studied for their orchestration of allergic reactions and autoimmunity. Mast cells infiltrate various prostatic lesions in varying concentrations. Autopsy specimens had not been investigated extensively in the previous literature. Aim: To find out a quantitative estimation of mast cells and the association of the number of mast cells in various prostatic lesions that included both inflammatory and neoplastic lesions in autopsy cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India from April 2017 to March 2018. Sixty autopsy specimens of the prostate were dissected from the deceased males above 30 years of age. Four to six paraffin embedded sections from different lobes and peri-urethral areas were taken. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections for histopathological diagnosis and toluidine-blue stain after water mounting to demonstrate mast cells by its metachromasia were performed. Mast cell densities were estimated by a light microscope under high power magnification (400X) on an average of 100 fields. Gross and microscopic findings were recorded. Data analysis correlation was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Mean and standard deviations were determined for different prostatic lesions. Group means were compared using the student’s t-test. For statistical significance p-value of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: A total of 60 autopsy specimens of the prostate were studied comprising 8 (13.5%) specimens of normal prostate, which acted as a control, 6 (10%) specimens of prostatitis, 27 (45%) specimens of Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate (BHP), 12 (20%) specimens of BHP with Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN), 3 (5%) specimens of prostatitis with focal PIN and 4 (6.5%) specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mast Cell Density (MCD) was higher in prostatitis {6-8 per High Power Fields (HPF)}, compared to normal (1-3/HPF) and BHP (3-5/ HPF), lowest in adenocarcinoma (1-2/HPF) and intermediate in PIN (2-4/HPF). Conclusion: Mast cell density was the lowest in prostatic adenocarcinoma and significantly higher in prostatitis, probably due to a lack of antitumour immunity in higher grades, whereas it was significantly higher in chronic non specific prostatitis possibly because of inflammatory response.
Sialadenoma Papilliferum of Hard Palate Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Couto Marina Fadul Neves do , Luna CÃ¡ssia Alves de Lima , Silva Emilly Silva e , Oliveira Gerlane Lima , GuimarÃ£es Douglas Magno
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of unusual ulcers in the oral cavity has fundamental value regarding oral and systemic diseases and abnormalities, as it can show clinical evidence that differs from other lesions, contributing to the diagnosis process. A 64-years-old female patient reported with a non healing of an oral lesion since two months (seeking clinical treatment for an atypical hard palate ulcer). A 64- years-old female patient was presented with a two month history of an oral lesion that did not repair. Her medical record indicated past smoking habits and hypertension. During clinical evaluation, an exophytic ulceration located at the left posterior hard palate, with a rounded form and elevated edges, was observed. An incisional biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Histopathological complementary exams revealed biphasic papillary projections, extending from the epithelium through the connective tissue, that are considered ductal structures. The final diagnosis was sialadenoma papilliferum, and total surgical excision was performed as a treatment. Follow-up showed no recurrence over 14 months. Sialadenoma papilliferum is a rare benign salivary gland tumour, mostly known for its papillary aspect and categorized as a ductal papilloma. Sialadenoma papilliferum origin is not precisely defined, nor associated with a single cause, given that different investigators pointed to multiple variables to Sialadenoma papilliferum origin. Being one of the rarest salivary gland tumours, SialP’s clinical aspects and its resemblance to other benign salivary gland tumours can lead to a wrong diagnosis if not properly and microscopically analyzed, hence the importance of knowing its features.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Krishna P. Mohan , Singh Rajesh
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (UP) during the year 2021 zaid season. The experiment comprised of 9 treatments with different combinations of phosphorus and zinc levels replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the Effect of phosphorus and zinc levels on growth and yield of Babycorn (Zea Mays L.). The phosphorus levels include (50, 60 and 70 kg/ha) and levels of zinc include (05, 15, 25 kg/ha). From the present investigation the profitable production of baby corn can be secure with application of phosphorus (70 kg/ha) and zinc (25 kg/ha).
The Maximum Standardized FDG Uptake on PET/CT in Evaluation of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Albahnasy Rania Abdalrahman , Hamisa Manal Fathey , Khirallah Fatma Gharib , Mokhtar Hwaida M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) functional imaging has shown to be an invaluable non-invasive, diagnostic method, enhancing the accuracy in the presenting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) in PET-CT in staging and follow-up of operable and non-operable patients with NSCLC.

Methods: This prospective research carried on 50 cases with histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC were mentioned to do PET/CT scanning for initial staging of the disease (17 patients died, 28 survived, and five were lost to follow-up so 28 patients out of 50 came for follow-up after treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy). All cases underwent intravenous contrast media, 18F-FDG Dosage Administration, CT Technique, PET Technique, PET-CT Fusion, and PET/CT Interpretation.

Results: SUV max is a semi-quantitative technique of determining 18F-FDG uptake by tumor cells. Adenocarcinomas have lower 18F-FDG uptake and lower SUV max measurements compared to the squamous cell carcinoma. The average SUVs of tumours ≥ 4 were significant increased compared to those < 4, and additional analysis showed that SUV max was significantly correlated with tumor size. SUV max is a prognostic factor of T and N stages as T1 lesions had a decrease average SUV max compared to T2 and a lower mean SUV max than T3/T4 lesions, also we found that the mean SUV max of N0 is lower compared to that of NI, NII, and lower than NIII. There was a strong association among ΔSUV and Δ size.

Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT was a valuable, efficient, and reliable method of analysis in the initial staging and follow-up of lung cancer cases, and lately became a portion of the international standards in the diagnosis and the follow-up of cases with bronchogenic carcinoma.
Association Between Housing Affordability and Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Muchomba Felix M. , Teitler Julien , Reichman Nancy E.
Published: November 2022

Importance

The number of people living in unaffordable housing (relative to income) is projected to continue increasing as housing cost inflation outpaces incomes in the US. Although reproductive-aged women have disproportionately high housing costs, particularly around the time of childbirth, data on associations between housing costs and maternal health and the role of publicly supported affordable housing programs in mitigating those associations are lacking.

Objective

To estimate associations between area-level rental housing costs and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and assess the potential mitigating role of publicly supported affordable housing.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study linked New Jersey birth files from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, to maternal hospital discharge records and municipal-level housing and demographic data from the state of New Jersey and the US Census Bureau. Data were analyzed from January to September 2022. The birth files contained records for all births in New Jersey, and the hospital discharge records contained information from all inpatient hospitalizations over the study period. A total of 1 004 000 birth records were matched to maternal discharge records and municipal-level data.

Exposures

Municipal-level rental costs relative to income (housing cost burden), availability of publicly supported affordable housing, and housing subsidy per person with an income lower than the federal poverty level.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Severe maternal morbidity was identified using diagnosis and procedure codes developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to measure SMM.

Results

Of 1 004 000 mothers (mean [SD] age at birth, 29.8 [5.9] years; 44.7% White), 20 022 (2.0%) experienced SMM. Higher municipal rental housing costs were associated with greater odds of SMM (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60), particularly among mothers with less than a high school education (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.06-3.10), and the positive associations decreased at higher levels of affordable housing availability. Among mothers with less than a high school education, the risk of SMM was 8.0% lower (risk ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-1.00) for each additional $1000 annual municipal-level housing subsidy per person with an income lower than poverty level after controlling for rental costs and other characteristics, which translated to a 20.7% lower educational disparity in SMM.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, living in a municipality with higher rental housing costs was associated with higher odds of SMM, except when there was high availability of publicly supported affordable housing. These results suggest that greater availability of publicly supported affordable housing has the potential to mitigate the association between rental housing costs and SMM and reduce socioeconomic disparities in SMM.
Electromagnetic Field‐Responsive and Accurate Control of Bending in VO2 Based Micro‐Pillar Array
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Zhao Xiaodi , Zhang Jian , Bai Guohua , Guo Hua , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Bin , Wang Jin , Ji Lianze , Chen Fu‐rong , Zhao Lizhong , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: November 2022

Electromagnetic field‐responsive mechanical deformation enables remote control of dynamic devices including micro‐robotic machines and smart surfaces. Metal–insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is developed for micro devices that are electrically or optically activated, but none of these is electromagnetic field‐responsive. Herein, a micro‐pillar array composed of epitaxial VO2 nanobeams that are asymmetrically coated with Cr, Au, and silicon oxide layers is demonstrated. Localized Joule heat, induced by the eddy current effect within the Cr or Au metal layer under an electromagnetic field, provides a high‐sensitive thermal response that triggers MIT of VO2, thus activates bending and relaxing of the micro‐pillars. For accurate and site‐specific control of the bending, layers of amorphous silicon oxide are added to the structure to endow tunable stiffness through electron beams‐matter interaction. These micro‐pillars are optimized to be a 2D, tractable surface on which directional transportation by remote control of the electromagnetic field in a liquid medium is realized. This discovery provides novel ideas for the design of electromagnetic field‐responsive structures.
Spatiotemporal Ultrasound‐Driven Bioorthogonal Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Xia Lili , Chen Meng , Dong Caihong , Liu Feipeng , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Chen Yu
Published: November 2022

Bioorthogonal chemistry, referring to the rapid and selective synthesis of imaging and/or therapeutic molecules in live animals via transition metal‐mediated non‐natural chemical transformation without disrupting endogenous reactions, has greatly expanded the tools and techniques for biomedicine. However, owing to safety concerns associated with metal toxicity, selectivity, sensitivity and stability, efficient bioorthogonal reactions that can be reliably executed in complex biological environments remain challenging. In this study, an intelligent, versatile bioorthogonal catalyst based on ultrasmall poly(acrylic acid)‐modified copper nanocomplexes (Cu@PAA NCs) to achieve high spatiotemporal catalytic efficacy is established. The catalytic activity of the Cu@PAA NCs can be reversibly regulated via valence state interconversion between Cu(II) and Cu(I) under exogenous ultrasound irradiation, promoting off‐target prodrug activation in lesion sites through the Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Moreover, ultrasound‐triggered electron–hole separation endows the Cu@PAA NCs with robust sonosensitizing ability for sonodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the Cu@PAA NCs exhibit enhanced contrast in magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging. Notably, the renal‐clearable Cu@PAA NCs exhibit intrinsically benign biocompatibility. This spatiotemporally ultrasound‐mediated bioorthogonal catalysis not only expands the repertoire of in situ therapeutic agents but also provides a new avenue for disease theranostics.
Silane and silazane surface modification of recycled glass fibers for polypropylene composites
Authors: Gkaliou Kyriaki , Daugaard Anders E.
Published: November 2022

Glass fiber (GF) composites are one of the significant challenges in recycling thermoset materials. After pyrolysis, the glass fibers lack sufficient strength and show poor matrix compatibility. Here we have investigated a series of multifunctional silane and silazane agents for surface modification of recycled glass fibers that provide a combination of hydrophobic properties and residual reactive groups on the surface. This allowed testing of interfacial effects from the surface modification as well as a potential synergistic compatibilization using maleated PP (MAPP). The treated GFs were used to prepare new polypropylene (PP) composites by multiple extrusion steps, resulting in a series of composites where the dispersion efficiency was attributed mainly to the surface chemistry and compatibilization effects. The amino‐silane modifications of the recycled fibers resulted in further improvements in the mechanical properties of the PP composites in comparison with the hydrophobized GFs. Moreover, synergistic effects from the addition of MAPP were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results clearly demonstrate that the surface modifications were effective and good alternatives to currently used methods.
Enhanced the antifouling and antibacterial performance of PVC/ZnO‐CMC nanoparticles ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Yang Xin , Ma Xiao , Yuan Jingjing , Feng Xia , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li
Published: November 2022

Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed in modification for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane intrinsic hydrophobicity. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), a natural organic matter, was used to relieve the agglomeration of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs in the membrane matrix. In this paper, ZnO‐CMC NPs were successfully prepared via co‐precipitation approach, blended with PVC membranes, and the effect of ZnO‐CMC NPs for the membrane properties was studied. The SEM and EDX confirmed excellent dispersion of ZnO‐CMC NPs on the membrane surface. The enhanced hydrophilicity, porosity and inter‐connected finger‐like strcture of modified membranes confirmed by water contact angle and SEM. In addition, pure water flux of PVC/ZnO‐CMC composite membrane was 107.36 L m−2 h−1 (PVC/ZnO‐CMC (0.25 wt%)), which was higher than that of neat PVC membrane (83.11 L m−2 h−1). Importantly, the modified membranes exhibits lower static BSA adsorbtion because of the improved hydrophilicity, and a higher flux recovery rate (>90%) after three sequential filtration cycles. The antibacterial behavior of PVC/ZnO‐CMC membrane was tested simply using Escherichia coli, and the results indicated that all composite membranes possess excellent antibacterial properties. Our work presents PVC/ZnO‐CMC NPs composite membrane a promising future in wastewater treatment and antibacterial application.
Improved dynamic kernelPCAbased on local preserving projections and its application for electric submersible pump fault diagnosis
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Zhang Yu , Zhou Junfeng
Published: November 2022

Dynamic kernel principal component analysis (DKPCA) has been frequently implemented for nonlinear and dynamic process monitoring of complex industrial processes. However, traditional DKPCA focuses only on the global structural analysis of data sets and strongly neglects the local information, which is equally essential for process detection and identification. In this paper, an improved DKPCA, referred to as the local DKPCA (LDKPCA), is proposed based on local preserving projections (LPP) for nonlinear dynamic process fault diagnosis. The method combines the advantages of LPP and DKPCA by utilizing the local structure feature to maintain the geometric structure of the data in a unified framework. To achieve a highly comprehensive feature extraction, the local characteristics are fused in DKPCA to produce an optimization objective. The neighbouring points of the new objective function projection in the feature space are still maintained in proximity, and the variance information is retained simultaneously. For the purpose of fault detection, two statistics, known as theT2and squared prediction error (SPE) statistics, are constructed, based on the LDKPCA model, and used to monitor the latent variable space and the residual space, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity analysis is brought in for fault identification of the two statistics. Based on the experimental analysis using the shaft breakage data of an offshore oilfield electric submersible pump (ESP), the proposed method outperforms the conventional DKPCA in terms of fault monitoring performance. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the method in nonlinear dynamic process fault diagnosis.
Potentially inappropriate medications in geriatric blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors: A BMT Survivor Study report
Authors: Sanchez‐Luege Sebastian , Landier Wendy , Dai Chen , Hageman Lindsey , Ross Elizabeth S. , Balas Nora A. , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Wu Jessica , Francisco Liton , Wong F. Lennie , Forman Stephen J. , Armenian Saro H. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Bhatia Smita
Published: November 2022

Background

Blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) is increasingly offered to older individuals with hematologic malignancies. The high prevalence of chronic health conditions in such individuals necessitates use of multiple medications. Beers Criteria represent a list of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) shown to increase the risk of health problems in the elderly. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of PIM use in older BMT survivors and identify associations with health problems.

Methods

Study participants were drawn from the BMT Survivor Study, a cohort study of patients transplanted at three US transplant centers between 1974 and 2014 and surviving ≥2 years. For this report, the survivors were aged ≥65 years. Siblings served as a comparison group. Participants self‐reported sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, and medication use. Logistic regression analyses identified predictors of PIM use and associations with health problems.

Results

Overall, PIM use was comparable between BMT survivors (49.4%) and siblings (49.3%) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7–1.2); however, BMT survivors were more likely to use >1 PIM (17.4% vs. 12.4%; OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.01–2.4) and central nervous system–related PIMs (8.3% vs. 4.3%; OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.17–4.09). Predictors of PIM use included presence of severe/life‐threatening chronic health conditions (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0), and chronic graft versus host disease (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7). Survivors taking >1 PIM reported more issues with vertigo (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.7), balance (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7–4.1), faintness/dizziness (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8–4.6), and personal care (OR = 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4–14.8).

Conclusions

This study shows the health problems associated with PIM use and identifies vulnerable populations at higher risk for PIM use, providing evidence for caution in using PIMs in high‐risk populations.
Pulse coupled neural network optimized with chaotic grey wolf algorithm for breast cancer classification using mammogram images
Authors: Thanupillai Kalai Selvi , Kamal Basha Rahimunnisa
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is a very hazardous disease that mainly affects women and leads to a high mortality rate. Early detection of this disease only can reduce the mortality rate. Previously, several methods were used to detect this cancer, but none of them provides sufficient accuracy. To deal this issue, a pulse coupled neural network optimized with chaotic grey wolf algorithm is proposed in this article for the classification of breast cancer using mammogram images. The breast cancer images are gathered from MAMMOSET dataset. The images are preprocessed and segmented with the help of Tsalli's entropy based multilevel 3D Otsu (TE‐3D‐Otsu) thresholding method. Then the parameters of the TE‐3D‐Otsu are optimized using the improved shuffled shepherd optimization algorithm. The features are extracted using moment invariant wavelet feature extraction technique. The images are classified using pulse coupled neural network (PCNN). Then, PCNN mass parameters are optimizes utilizing chaotic grey wolf optimization algorithm (chaotic‐GWOA) for categorizing the mammogram breast cancer imageries, such as malignant, benign, and normal. The proposed method is activated on MATLAB, its performance is analyzed with existing methods. The simulation results show that the proposed BC‐PCNN‐CGWOA attains the accuracy 57.86%, 85.94%, and 53.45% is greater than the existing methods.
Raven finch optimized deep convolutional neural network model for intra‐frame video forgery detection
Authors: Singla Neetu , Singh Jyotsna , Nagpal Sushama
Published: November 2022

Due to the tremendous growth of video editing software, it has become extremely simple to introduce malicious content by manipulating multimedia data. This may include modification of videos either by adding or deleting selective frames with malicious intentions. Hence, it is essential to find the forged frames of the videos by introducing efficient and reliable video forensic methods. This article presents an automatic intra‐frame video forgery detection strategy based on a hybrid optimization tuned deep‐convolutional neural network (deep‐CNN) classifier. The significance of the proposed method lies in developing the proposed raven‐finch optimization algorithm that tunes the weights of the deep‐CNN to exhibit enhanced detection accuracy. The proposed raven‐finch optimization algorithm combines raven search agents and finches search agents, possessing the benefits of both search agents. The features of the input video frames act as the input to the deep‐CNN classifier that detects forgery. The performance of the proposed raven‐finch‐based deep CNN method is analyzed in terms of the performance indices, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. It is attained to be 97.56%, 95.48%, and 96.38%, respectively, which shows the superiority of the proposed method for intra‐frame forgery detection.
Confidence in nicotine for tobacco harm reduction—Bridging the policy–practice gap
Authors: Patwardhan Sudhanshu
Published: November 2022

Decades of research show that constituents other than nicotine are the harmful agents in tobacco products. This knowledge is incorporated into the nicotine regulatory policies of countries leading in tobacco control, such as the UK and New Zealand. Alternative nicotine products, such as nicotine replacement therapy and e‐cigarettes, are now endorsed in the UK by a number of healthcare bodies in a tobacco harm reduction approach that encourages tobacco users to completely switch to a less risky nicotine‐containing product. The potential role of ‘clean’ nicotine alternatives to reduce the harms from tobacco is, however, not being translated into practice. Many healthcare practitioners still bundle tobacco, cigarettes, smoking, cancer and nicotine into one, thus preventing them from supporting their patients to make informed choices on safer nicotine alternatives. This misperception among healthcare professionals, in turn, is a hurdle to effective tobacco control policymaking in many low‐ and middle‐income countries and effective cessation support everywhere in the world. Nicotine confidence based on nicotine literacy among the key decision‐makers should start with reforming medical curricula and myth‐busting in the lay media to include factual statements about nicotine and public health policy discussions on the principles of harm reduction.
Moving past the challenges and misconceptions in urban adaptation research
Authors: Winchell Kristin M. , Aviles‐Rodriguez Kevin J. , Carlen Elizabeth J. , Miles Lindsay S. , Charmantier Anne , De León Luis F. , Gotanda Kiyoko M. , Rivkin L. Ruth , Szulkin Marta , Verrelli Brian C.
Published: November 2022

Although the field of urban evolutionary ecology has recently expanded, much progress has been made in identifying adaptations that arise as a result of selective pressures within these unique environments. However, as studies within urban environments have rapidly increased, researchers have recognized that there are challenges and opportunities in characterizing urban adaptation. Some of these challenges are a consequence of increased direct and indirect human influence, which compounds long‐recognized issues with research on adaptive evolution more generally. In this perspective, we discuss several common research challenges to urban adaptation related to (1) methodological approaches, (2) trait–environment relationships and the natural history of organisms, (3) agents and targets of selection, and (4) habitat heterogeneity. Ignoring these challenges may lead to misconceptions and further impede our ability to draw conclusions regarding evolutionary and ecological processes in urban environments. Our goal is to first shed light on the conceptual challenges of conducting urban adaptation research to help avoid the propagation of these misconceptions. We further summarize potential strategies to move forward productively to construct a more comprehensive picture of urban adaptation, and discuss how urban environments also offer unique opportunities and applications for adaptation research.
The ecology and quantitative genetics of seed and seedling traits in upland and lowland ecotypes of a perennial grass
Authors: Razzaque Samsad , Juenger Thomas E.
Published: November 2022

Plants have evolved diverse reproductive allocation strategies and seed traits to aid in dispersal, persistence in the seed bank, and establishment. In particular, seed size, dormancy, and early seedling vigor are thought to be key functional traits with important recruitment and fitness consequences across abiotic stress gradients. Selection for favored seed-trait combinations, or against maladaptive combinations, is likely an important driver shaping recruitment strategies. Here, we test for seed-trait plasticity and patterns of recruitment using two genotypes representative of contrasting upland and lowland ecotypes of Panicum hallii with field experiments in native versus foreign habitats. Furthermore, we test whether seed traits have been under directional selection in P. hallii using the v-test based on trait variance in a genetic cross. Finally, we evaluate the genetic architecture of ecotypic divergence for these traits with quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Field experiments reveal little plasticity but support a hypothesis of adaptation divergence among ecotypes based on recruitment. Patterns of segregation within recombinant hybrids provides strong support for directional selection driving ecotypic divergence in seed traits. Genetic mapping revealed a polygenic architecture with evidence of genetic correlation between seed mass, dormancy, and seedling vigor. Our results suggest that the evolution of these traits may involve constraints that affect the direction of adaptive divergence. For example, seed size and germination percentage shared two colocalized QTL with antagonistic additive effects. This supports the hypothesis of a functional genetic relationship between these traits, resulting in either large seed/strong dormancy or small seed/weak dormancy trait combinations. Overall, our study provides insights into the factors facilitating and potentially constraining ecotypic differentiation in seed traits.
Determination of the barrier height of a crystalline dipolar molecular rotor directly from temperature‐dependent dielectric spectra
Authors: Fujimura Yuichi , Teranishi Yoshiaki
Published: November 2022

An explicit relation between half‐width at half‐maximum ΔT in a dissipation factor of dipolar molecular rotors in a solid phase and rotational barrier height Ub was derived within the Debye relaxation model. The formula for Ub is simply expressed as . Here, T* is the temperature at the peak position in the dissipation factor, and k is the Boltzmann constant. The formula is an alternative to the familiar Arrhenius equation, from which Ub has so far been estimated in various dielectric experiments. The distinction of the proposed formula is the determination of Ub from a single peak in a dissipation factor induced by an electric field, while the Arrhenius equation needs data for the magnitudes of the dissipation factor and temperatures at several peaks. By applying the proposed formula to dipole molecular rotors (ROT‐2F) in a single crystalline and polycrystalline, for which Ub values were reported (Horansky et al., Phys. Rev. B 74, 054306 [2006]), the calculated values of Ub were quantitatively reproduced. This indicates the validity of the proposed formula, and the formula is expected to be applied to the analysis of dielectric spectra of 2D dipolar molecular rotor systems.
Spontaneous thought characteristics are differentially related to heightened negative affect versus blunted positive affect in adolescents: An experience sampling study
Authors: Webb Christian A. , Tierney Anna O. , Brown Hallie A. , Forbes Erika E. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Ren Boyu
Published: November 2022

Background

Mind‐wandering has been linked to negative affect (NA) and depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, mind‐wandering is an extremely broad and heterogeneous cognitive construct. Some features of spontaneous thought may be related to increased NA, whereas others may improve affect, or have no emotional influence. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate the characteristics of spontaneous thoughts in adolescents and their differential relations with moment‐to‐moment affect.

Method

One‐hundred and sixteen adolescents (ages 13–18; Typical Mood [TM] = 58; Low Mood [LM] = 58) completed 5 days (2–3 times/day) of EMA (total 1037 surveys) assessing current positive affect (PA) and NA and dimensions of spontaneous thought. Multilevel models tested the relation between thought characteristics and affect.

Results

Relative to the TM group, LM adolescents had a higher frequency of mind‐wandering (38% vs. 56%) and negatively‐valanced thoughts during episodes of mind‐wandering (21% vs. 37%). Negatively‐valenced, self‐referential and past‐oriented thoughts were each associated with higher NA, even when controlling for plausible confounds (e.g., engagement in an unpleasant activity or social interaction, depressive symptom severity). In contrast, task‐focused and positively‐valenced thoughts were uniquely linked to higher PA.

Conclusion

Characteristics of spontaneous thought—including temporal orientation, self‐referential quality, and task‐relatedness—were differentially related to NA versus PA in adolescents. If replicated, these findings could inform more nuanced assessments of and targeted interventions for specific dimensions of mind‐wandering contributing to high NA versus blunted PA in teens.
Efficacy analysis of different FLT3 inhibitors in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Swaminathan Mahesh , Aly Mai M. , Khan Abdul Moiz , Share Bayan Al , Dhillon Vikram , Lalo Enxhi , Ramos Harry , Akers Katherine G. , Kim Seongho , Balasubramanian Suresh
Published: November 2022

Several FLT3 inhibitors(i) are available to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) FLT3‐internal tandem duplicated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study analyzes the efficacies of various FLT3i (types 1 and 2) tested in clinical trials in treating R/R AML and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR‐MDS). PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for single/double‐arm phase I/II/III R/R AML or HR‐MDS clinical trials published between 1/1/2000 and 6/1/2021. The outcomes studied were composite response rate (CRc) and overall response rate (ORR). Toxicities were compared based on the organ system. The 28 studies analyzed had 1927 patients. The pooled ORR and (CRc) for all FLT3i were 53% (95% CI, 43%–63%) and 34% (95% CI, 26%–44%). Pooled ORR and CRc were 37% (95% CI, 25%–51%) and 35% (95% CI, 21%–52%) for type 1 and 58% (95% CI, 43%–71%) and 38% (95% CI, 27%–50%) for type 2, respectively. Gastrointestinal (GI) and hematological toxicity occurred in 22% (95% CI, 19%–25.4%) and 74.6% (95% CI, 70%–79%) with type 1 and 13.9% (95% CI, 12%–16%) and 57.7% (95% CI, 54.6%–60.8%) with type 2 FLT3i. QTc prolongation occurred in 2.06% (95% CI, 1.03%–3.65%) with type 1 and 7% (95% CI, 5.3%–9%) with type 2 FLT3i. Type 2 FLT3i had less GI toxicity but more QTc prolongation. Prospective studies are needed to compare the efficacy of type 1 and 2 FLT3i.
Exploration of Interstitial Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease by Diffusion‐Relaxation Correlation Spectrum MR Imaging: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Liu Fang , Hu Wentao , Sun Yawen , Shen Yiwei , Zhou Wenyan , Dai Yongming , Gu Leyi , Zhang Minfang , Zhou Yan
Published: November 2022

Background

Renal interstitial fibrosis is one of the most common pathways in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Noninvasive evaluation of interstitial fibrosis would help monitoring CKD progression and prognosis prediction.

Purpose

To evaluate the severity of renal interstitial fibrosis by diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectrum imaging (DR‐CSI).

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Forty patients with CKD and 10 healthy controls (average age 49.2 ± 14.8 years, 18 females).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, DR‐CSI with 36 axial spin‐echo echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted images (6 b‐values, 6 echo times).

Assessment

Interstitial fibrosis level (IFL) was assessed from biopsy results (IFL = 1, fibrosis percentage <25%, defined as mild; IFL = 2, 25%–50%, moderate; IFL = 3, >50%, severe). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using serum creatinine. The regions of interest included cortex for both kidneys. The diffusivity‐T2 spectrum was assessed considering three compartments (threshold: T2 30–40 msec, diffusivity 5–9 μm2/msec, according to visible peaks): A (low diffusivity, short T2), B (low diffusivity, long T2), and C (high diffusivity). Volume fractions Vi (i = A, B, C) were calculated.

Statistical Tests

Intra‐class coefficient (ICC, >0.6 as good) to assess inter‐reader agreement of DR‐CSI Vi. Spearman's correlation to assess relationship of Vi to IFL and eGFR. Receiver operating characteristic analyses with the area under the curve (AUC) to discriminate patients with moderate‐severe fibrosis from mild ones. Statistical significance criteria: P‐value <0.05.

Results

ICCs were good for all Vi. Correlations were found between IFL and VB (r = 0.424, significant) and VC (r = −0.400, significant), and between eGFR and VB (r = −0.303, P = 0.058) and VC (r = 0.487, significant). Regarding VB and VC, the AUCs were 0.903 and 0.824.

Data Conclusion

DR‐CSI help distinguish patients with moderate or severe renal interstitial fibrosis from mild ones.

Evidence Level: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Automatic 3D CT liver segmentation based on fast global minimization of probabilistic active contour
Authors: Jin Renchao , Wang Manyang , Xu Lijun , Lu Jiayi , Song Enmin , Ma Guangzhi
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Automatic liver segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images is an essential preprocessing step for computer‐aided diagnosis of liver diseases. However, due to the large differences in liver shapes, low‐contrast to adjacent tissues, and existence of tumors or other abnormalities, liver segmentation has been very challenging. This study presents an accurate and fast liver segmentation method based on a novel probabilistic active contour (PAC) model and its fast global minimization scheme (3D‐FGMPAC), which is explainable as compared with deep learning methods.

Methods

The proposed method first constructs a slice‐indexed‐histogram to localize the volume of interest (VOI) and estimate the probability that a voxel belongs to the liver according its intensity. The probabilistic image would be used to initialize the 3D PAC model. Secondly, a new contour indicator function, which is a component of the model, is produced by combining the gradient‐based edge detection and Hessian‐matrix‐based surface detection. Then, a fast numerical scheme derived for the 3D PAC model is performed to evolve the initial probabilistic image into the global minimizer of the model, which is a smoothed probabilistic image showing a distinctly highlighted liver. Next, a simple region‐growing strategy is applied to extract the whole liver mask from the smoothed probabilistic image. Finally, a B‐spline surface is constructed to fit the patch of the rib cage to prevent possible leakage into adjacent intercostal tissues.

Results

The proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets. The average Dice score, volume overlap error, volume difference, symmetric surface distance and volume processing time are 0.96, 7.35%, 0.02%, 1.17 mm and 19.8 s for the Sliver07 dataset, and 0.95, 8.89%, , 1.45 mm and 23.08 s for the 3Dircadb dataset, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed fully‐automatic approach can effectively segment the liver from low‐contrast and complex backgrounds. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed segmentation method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art traditional automatic liver segmentation algorithms and achieves very competitive performance compared with recent deep leaning‐based methods.
Formulations and valid inequalities for the capacitated dispersion problem
Authors: Landete Mercedes , Peiró Juanjo , Yaman Hande
Published: November 2022

This work focuses on the capacitated dispersion problem for which we study several mathematical formulations in different spaces using variables associated with nodes, edges, and costs. The relationships among the presented formulations are investigated by comparing the projections of the feasible sets of the LP relaxations onto the subspace of natural variables. These formulations are then strengthened with families of valid inequalities and variable‐fixing procedures. The separation problems associated with the valid inequalities that are exponential in number are shown to be polynomially solvable by reducing them to longest path problems in acyclic graphs. The dual bounds obtained from stronger but larger formulations are used to improve the strength of weaker but smaller formulations. Several sets of computational experiments are conducted to illustrate the usefulness of the findings, as well as the aptness of the formulations for different types of instances.