bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISES OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY APPLIED AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY ON POST-OPERATIVE PAIN: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Karapınar Merve , Şafak Menekşe , Parpucu Tuba Ince , Başkurt Ferdi , Başkurt Zeliha
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in pain following exercise sessions with different intensities in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: This is a repeated measure and single-blinded randomized controlled study. Thirty-six patients who underwent TKA (age, 64.9 ± 7.42 years) were randomly assigned to either low-intensity exercises (LIEs) group or high-intensity exercises (HIEs) group. Exercise programs lasted for five days during the hospitalization period. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured over quadriceps and biceps brachii and muscles immediately before and after exercise. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscale (pain, stiffness, and physical function) scores were recorded at two points in baseline and discharge from the hospital.

Results: The pain intensity decreased in patients in both groups after TKA. PPTs increased in both groups at all tested sites following the first, third, and fifth exercise bouts. HIE program had a greater positive effect on the pain intensity after the first exercise session than LIE program on the PPTs ([Formula: see text] < 0.05). HIE program was more effective in order to reduce pain severity immediately after the exercise sessions in patients ([Formula: see text]: 0.5, [Formula: see text] < 0.05). WOMAC scores significantly improved in both groups during the discharge from the hospital ([Formula: see text] = 0.001).

Conclusion: Our results found that both LIE and HIE programs performed during hospitalization after TKA declined pain intensity. Particularly notable were the substantial improvements observed in managing post-operative pain, especially following the second exercise session. The HIE program proved more effective in improving stiffness, and enhancing physical function.
FROM CALENDAR TIME TO BUSINESS TIME: THE CASE OF COMMODITY MARKETS
Authors: LADOKHIN SERGIY , SCHMECK MAREN DIANE , BOROVKOVA SVETLANA
Published: August 2024

We address the problem of modeling commodity forward curves, while preserving empirical features observed in commodity markets. By letting a commodity market to “live” in the tempo of a business rather than calendar clock, we create a model with a rich but realistic set of features, such as stochastic volatility, stochastic rate of mean reversion and various shapes of forward curves such as backwardation and contango.

The model, when applied to extensive historical datasets of crude oil and natural gas forward curves, shows a remarkably good fit to the observed futures prices, also in periods of high volatility and negative prices.

The model is developed in such a way that it can be used for a wide variety of applications, ranging from exotic derivatives pricing to risk management of commodity portfolios.
Effects of Temporary Pier on Buffeting Response of a Three-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Construction
Authors: Shang Congjie , Bao Yulong , Xiang Huoyue , Li Yongle
Published: August 2024

The wind-resistant performance of cable-stayed bridges under construction deteriorates sharply as the cantilever length increases, and the arrangement of the temporary pier is an effective measure to improve aerodynamic stability. To investigate the effect of the temporary pier on buffeting response of a long-span three-tower cable-stayed bridge under construction, the nonlinear buffeting analysis and wind tunnel test of aeroelastic model methods are adopted in this paper. The influence of the type and arrangement positions of temporary piers on mean wind response and the nonlinear buffeting response of double-cantilever construction are studied, and the arrangement of the temporary pier is optimized based on the buffeting response. The results show that the reduction rates of the RMS of the torsional moment at the tower bottom and the lateral buffeting displacement at the girder end with the rigid pier are 35.6% and 59.2% compared to those without the temporary pier. Further, the buffeting response will decrease as the distance between the rigid pier and the tower increases in the state. On the contrary, in the double-cantilever construction state before the constraint of temporary piers, the buffeting response will become significant as the distance increases. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the buffeting response under two construction states when optimizing the arrangement position of the temporary pier.
Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches and Their Influence on the Dynamic Calculation of Four Single-Span Railway Bridges
Authors: Bettinelli Lara , Fink Josef
Published: August 2024

Various approaches to mechanical modeling are available in practice to calculate the dynamic response of railway bridges under high-speed traffic, differing significantly in their complexity and accuracy. Very simple models often overestimate the vibrations occurring in reality but are much more computationally efficient and dependent on only a few input parameters than more complex and accurate models. Modeling the high-speed train as a multi-body system can represent the beneficial vehicle-bridge interaction, but it requires knowledge of numerous vehicle parameters, which manufacturers rarely disclose. In contrast, the track-bridge interaction can also be depicted by a simple coupling beam modeling of the structure, requiring only a few input parameters representing the dynamic stiffness and damping of the track. Several calculations on different single-span steel girder bridges demonstrate the influence of different model variants and input parameters on the acceleration results of the structure. Additionally, an approach for determining a dynamic distribution of the train axle loads affecting the bridge depending on the assumed vertical track stiffness is presented.
Free Vibrations of FG-GPLRC Magneto–Electro–Elastic Sandwich Cantilevered Trapezoidal Plates with Variable Thickness
Authors: Wan Y. G. , Yang S. W. , Hao Y. X. , An R. , Wang Z. Q. , Zhang W.
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology for the investigation of free vibrations in intelligent composite constructions. The design integrates a functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) core with magnetoelastic faculae composed of BaTiO3–CoFe2O4. Four GPL distributions within the FG-GPLRC core enhance its performance. Material characterization employs the enhanced Halpin–Tsai method, enabling precise computation of the composite’s properties. Coupling effects across elastic, thermal, electrical, and magnetic fields are elucidated. Nonlinear equations for controlling smart, gradient-thickness FG-GPLRC panels are derived using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Hamilton’s Principle. Natural frequencies are determined via double triangular series approximation and Galerkin’s method. A detailed parameter analysis investigates the influence of GPL on centration, distribution, temperature, trapezoid angles, base dimensions, and thickness on vibration modes and frequencies. Insights reveal how geometry, materials, and thickness gradients affect smart composite dynamics. The model’s accuracy is verified against finite element simulations, showcasing its utility for analyzing advanced composites under free vibration.
Improved Low-Rank Matrix Approximation in Multivariate Case
Authors: Kittisuwan Pichid , Akkaraekthalin Prayoot
Published: August 2024

The low-rank matrix approximation (LRMA) algorithm is an important method in signal processing. This algorithm is usually used in many tasks such as the matrix estimation and machine learning algorithms. In the past, many convex regularizers, such as the absolute-value norm, were presented for LRMA. Recently, many works show that LRMA on many nonconvex regularizers, such as the quadratic and logarithmic regularizers, can give better efficiency than the convex regularizer. Furthermore, many traditional works present LRMA in the univariate case, and do not consider in the multivariate case. Therefore, LRMA in the multivariate case on the nonconvex regularizer is presented in this work. Note that our proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm. The relationship between singular values is considered by this multivariate case. We also present the novel nonconvex regularizer for LRMA. The simple solution for our method can be obtained from this regularizer. In many random signals, our proposed method is evaluated with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results show that the best results can be obtained from the proposed method.
Variability in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sequences: Impact on Receptor Binding and Immunotherapeutic Strategies
Authors: Riaz Aqsa , Ur Rehman Irshad , Ahmad Jamshaid , Ullah Amin , Khattak Saeed Ullah , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Fayad Eman , Eid Refaat A. , Eldeen Muhammad Alaa
Published: August 2024

Background: The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, notably Omicron and Delta, necessitates a detailed analysis of the amino acid substitutions occurring within the spike (S) protein. The substitutions mentioned above are crucial in regulating the interactions between the virus and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in addition to impacting the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in therapy. Methods: In this paper, we employed computational mutational analysis using PremPS to predict the stability scores of the S protein. Our analysis highlighted several key mutations, including G181V and A222V, which exhibited significant alterations in stability, particularly within the N-terminal domain (NTD), and were notably prevalent in the Omicron variant. To further elucidate the impact of these mutations, we conducted docking simulations employing HADDOCK 2.4 to assess the binding affinity between the Omicron receptor-binding domain (RBD) and ACE2. Results: Our outcomes emerged that the Omicron RBD has a stronger attraction to ACE2, driven by mutations such as Q493R, Q498R, S477N, T478K, G496S and L452R, which significantly influenced the RBD-ACE2 complex dynamics. Additionally, we ascertained the potential for immune evasion by these mutations through docking simulations with mAbs. Our findings identified specific interactions between mutations like L452R, E484Q/A and Q493R with mAbs, suggesting their potential to evade immune recognition. Conclusions: In summary, our paper provides insight into the complex connection between the fluctuation of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, receptor binding dynamics, and immunotherapeutic efficacy. These insights are essential for guiding the development of novel therapeutics and informing public health strategies aimed at combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
A Sparse Smoothing Newton Method for Solving Discrete Optimal Transport Problems
Authors: Hou Di , Liang Ling , Toh Kim-Chuan
Published: August 2024

The discrete optimal transport (OT) problem, which offers an effective computational tool for comparing two discrete probability distributions, has recently attracted much attention and played essential roles in many modern applications. This paper proposes to solve the discrete OT problem by applying a squared smoothing Newton method via the Huber smoothing function for solving the corresponding KKT system directly. The proposed algorithm admits appealing convergence properties and is able to take advantage of the solution sparsity to greatly reduce computational costs. Moreover, the algorithm can be extended to solve problems with similar structures, including the Wasserstein barycenter (WB) problem with fixed supports. To verify the practical performance of the proposed method, we conduct extensive numerical experiments to solve a large set of discrete OT and WB benchmark problems. Our numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient compared to state-of-the-art linear programming (LP) solvers. Moreover, the proposed method consumes less memory than existing LP solvers, which demonstrates the potential usage of our algorithm for solving large-scale OT and WB problems.
History-Driven Fuzzing for Deep Learning Libraries
Authors: Shiri Harzevili Nima , Mohajer Mohammad Mahdi , Wei Moshi , Pham Hung Viet , Wang Song
Published: August 2024

Recently, many Deep Learning (DL) fuzzers have been proposed for API-level testing of DL libraries. However, they either perform unguided input generation (e.g., not considering the relationship between API arguments when generating inputs) or only support a limited set of corner-case test inputs. Furthermore, many developer APIs crucial for library development remain untested, as they are typically not well documented and lack clear usage guidelines, unlike end-user APIs. This makes them a more challenging target for automated testing. To fill this gap, we propose a novel fuzzer named Orion, which combines guided test input generation and corner-case test input generation based on a set of fuzzing heuristic rules constructed from historical data known to trigger critical issues in the underlying implementation of DL APIs. To extract the fuzzing heuristic rules, we first conduct an empirical study on the root cause analysis of 376 vulnerabilities in two of the most popular DL libraries, PyTorch and TensorFlow. We then construct the fuzzing heuristic rules based on the root causes of the extracted historical vulnerabilities. Using these fuzzing heuristic rules, Orion generates corner-case test inputs for API-level fuzzing. In addition, we extend the seed collection of existing studies to include test inputs for developer APIs. Our evaluation shows that Orion reports 135 vulnerabilities in the latest releases of TensorFlow and PyTorch, 76 of which were confirmed by the library developers. Among the 76 confirmed vulnerabilities, 69 were previously unknown, and 7 have already been fixed. The rest are awaiting further confirmation. For end-user APIs, Orion detected 45.58% and 90% more vulnerabilities in TensorFlow and PyTorch, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art conventional fuzzer, DeepRel. When compared to the state-of-the-art LLM-based DL fuzzer, AtlasFuz, and Orion detected 13.63% more vulnerabilities in TensorFlow and 18.42% more vulnerabilities in PyTorch. Regarding developer APIs, Orion stands out by detecting 117% more vulnerabilities in TensorFlow and 100% more vulnerabilities in PyTorch compared to the most relevant fuzzer designed for developer APIs, such as FreeFuzz.
Genetically Encoded Sensors for the In Vivo Detection of Neurochemical Dynamics
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Li Bohan , Li Yulong
Published: August 2024

The ability to measure dynamic changes in neurochemicals with high spatiotemporal resolution is essential for understanding the diverse range of functions mediated by the brain. We review recent advances in genetically encoded sensors for detecting neurochemicals and discuss their in vivo applications. For example, notable progress has been made with respect to sensors for second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, enabling in vivo real-time monitoring of these messengers at single-cell and even subcellular resolution. Moreover, the emergence of highly sensitive sensors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators has greatly accelerated the study of these signaling molecules in a wide variety of behavioral models using an array of powerful imaging techniques. Finally, we discuss the future direction of neurochemical sensors, including their ability to measure neurochemical concentrations and the potential for multiplex imaging.
Operating Room Noise Environment and Behavior in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bozych Marc , Tram Nguyen K. , Rice-Weimer Julie , Cartabuke Richard S. , Tobias Joseph D. , Huffman Jamie , Mpody Christian , Uffman Joshua C.
Published: August 2024

Background. Excessive operating room noise impairs communication, distracts from monitoring equipment, and may increase patient and provider stress. Aim. This study investigates the effects of reduced noise on perioperative behavior in children undergoing general anesthesia and on anesthesia provider response time. Methods. Healthy children (the American Society of Anesthesiologists class I‐II), 2–8 years of age, and their anesthesia providers were randomized into a control or treatment group exposed to reduced stimulation during induction and emergence. Primary outcomes were patient behavior and provider response time. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain scores, provider responses exceeding 30 seconds, and median and maximum noise exposure. Results. 64 children (27 females and 37 males) were randomized into a control or treatment group, of whom 32 (50%) underwent tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy and 32 (50%) underwent dental procedures. The average age was 4.6 (SD 1.43) years. Children exposed to reduced noise were less likely to be “fussy about eating” (p = 0.042), more “interested in what goes on around them” (p = 0.008), and had fewer temper tantrums (p = 0.004) on postoperative day one or two and on postoperative day five, six, or seven. No other differences were found between groups in behavioral assessment scores or provider response times. Conclusions. Our study is the first to show that a low‐stimulus environment improves postdischarge behavior. Provider response time was unaffected by reduced noise, and the average and peak noise exposure levels did not exceed national safety guidelines. This trial is registered with NCT03507855 and NCT03504553.
Occupational Therapy for Parenting: Perspectives of Parents With Physical Disability
Authors: Honey Anne , Peterson Jessica , O’Mara Veronica , McGrath Margaret
Published: August 2024

Parenting with a physical disability often brings with it a range of challenges. Occupational therapists are well positioned to support parents to address these challenges, yet occupational therapy research and practice around parenting is relatively scarce. This paper addresses the questions: (1) How should occupational therapists support parenting occupations for people with physical disability? (2) How do parents with physical disability experience occupational therapy? An anonymous survey of 62 parents, primarily mothers, with physical disability about their experiences with parenting challenges and occupational therapy was analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Parents experienced challenges in engaging in a range of parenting tasks with children over a range of age groups. Parents reported that support was often needed and indicated that occupational therapy could assist them directly with specific parenting goals as well as the more usual biomechanical goals that influence parenting. Yet less than half of participants who received occupational therapy services reported that parenting tasks were addressed, and only one‐fifth reported that their goals had been fully met. The data also indicated that the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of occupational therapists with regard to working with parents with disability can be improved. Findings suggest a need to better incorporate parenting occupations in standard occupational therapy training to increase occupational therapists’ comfort and competence in working with clients on parenting issues.
Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors, Plasma Proteins, and Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Maimaiti Aierpati , Xie Zhihao , Turhon Mirzat , Abulizi Alimasi , Wang Wenxuan , Wu Pengfei , Yang Qingyu , Aisha Maimaitili , Wang Zengliang , Wang Yongxin
Published: August 2024

Background: Increasing evidence implicates the gut microbiota, metabolites, circulating cytokines and growth factors, and plasma proteins as potential susceptibility factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA). However, due to their complexity, the causal relationship between these factors and IA remains unclear. Our goal was to determine whether these factors are causally associated with IA, UIA, and SAH and provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of these cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods: Utilizing data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted a large‐scale Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis between these factors and diseases using five different models (Wald ratio, IVW, MR‐Egger, weighted median, and MRPRESSO). Several sensitivity analyses were also applied to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results: Our MR analysis revealed several significant causal relationships between 18 gut microbiota taxa (genus.Bilophila‐SAH, beta[95%CI] = −1.08[−1.61 ~ −0.54]), 55 blood metabolites (7‐alpha‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐cholestenoate‐IA, beta[95%CI] = −2.78[−4.47 ~ −1.08]), 2 cytokines (IL‐6‐UIA, beta[95%CI] = 0.73[0.34 ~ 1.39]), 45 plasma proteins (RELT‐UIA, beta[95%CI] = −0.8[−1.22 ~ −0.38]), and IA, UIA, and SAH. Many of these were reported for the first time.

Conclusions: In conclusion, our study provides reference of the potential causal effects of gut microbiota, blood metabolites, cytokines, and plasma proteins on IA, UIA, and SAH. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for these cerebrovascular diseases.
Establishment of a Mesoamerican–Caribbean South–South Research Platform: Challenges in the Meriva (Curcuminoids) Gastric Cancer Chemoprevention Trial
Authors: Montalvan-Sanchez Eleazar E. , Hernandez-Marrero Jessica , Norwood Dalton A. , González-Pons María , Dominguez Ricardo L. , Rodriguez Luz M. , Richmond Ellen , Limburg Paul J. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Morgan Douglas R.
Published: August 2024

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the fourth leading global cause of cancer mortality and leading infection-associated cancer. High-incidence regions of GAC include Latin America and Eastern Asia. Immigrants from high-incidence regions maintain their GAC risk. GAC is a major U.S. cancer disparity, and its incidence rates are 2 to 10 times higher in non-White populations. Emerging guidelines recommend 3-year surveillance endoscopy for patients with high-risk gastric premalignant conditions (GPMC). Clinical trials of GPMC chemoprevention agents are lacking. We conducted a NCI Division of Cancer Prevention–funded, phase II placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial in patients with GPMCs (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) with a highly bioavailable preparation of curcuminoids (Meriva). The trial sites in Puerto Rico and rural Honduras had important characteristics: (i) representative Caribbean and Mesoamerican populations, linked to large U.S. immigrant populations; (ii) high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and GPMCs; (iii) the absence of turmeric and curcuminoids in local diets; and (iv) proven bidirectional collaboration with U.S. academic institutions. H. pylori–negative patients with GPMCs were randomized to the study drug (500 mg po bid) or placebo for 180 days (NCT02782949), with primary outcomes based upon histologic parameters. Principal study challenges included (i) an international regulatory environment; (ii) research infrastructure strengthening, particularly in Central America; (iii) participant recruitment in Honduras, wherein only 10% to 15% are H. pylori negative; (iv) the COVID-19 pandemic; and (v) natural disasters (three hurricanes). There were no losses to follow-up related to the pandemic or natural disasters. In conclusion, the south–south partnership provides a model for chemoprevention and translational studies in Latino populations with prevalent cancers, such as GAC.
A Single-Cell Analysis of the NK-Cell Landscape Reveals That Dietary Restriction Boosts NK-Cell Antitumor Immunity via Eomesodermin
Authors: He Junming , Chen Donglin , Xiong Wei , Wang Yuande , Chen Shasha , Yang Meixiang , Dong Zhongjun
Published: August 2024

Abnormal metabolism in tumor cells represents a potential target for tumor therapy. In this regard, dietary restriction (DR) or its combination with anticancer drugs is of interest as it can impede the growth of tumor cells. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, DR also plays an extrinsic role in restricting tumor growth by regulating immune cells. NK cells are innate immune cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance. However, it remains uncertain whether DR can assist NK cells in controlling tumor growth. In this study, we demonstrate that DR effectively inhibits metastasis of melanoma cells to the lung. Consistent with this, the regression of tumors induced by DR was minimal in mice lacking NK cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that DR enriched a rejuvenated subset of CD27+CD11b+ NK cells. Mechanistically, DR activated a regulatory network involving the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes), which is essential for NK-cell development. First, DR promoted the expression of Eomes by optimizing mTORC1 signaling. The upregulation of Eomes revived the subset of functional CD27+CD11b+ NK cells by counteracting the expression of T-bet and downstream Zeb2. Moreover, DR enhanced the function and chemotaxis of NK cells by increasing the accessibility of Eomes to chromatin, leading to elevated expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. Consequently, we conclude that DR therapy enhances tumor immunity through nontumor autonomous mechanisms, including promoting NK-cell tumor immunosurveillance and activation.
Table S2 from Development and Application of Genetic Ancestry Reconstruction Methods to Study Diversity of Patient-Derived Models in the NCI PDXNet Consortium
Authors: Lott Paul C. , Chiu Katherine , Quino Juanita Elizabeth , Vang April Pangia , Lloyd Michael W. , Srivastava Anuj , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G.
Published: August 2024

PDXnet metadata for samples for which genetic ancestry was estimated and samples were assigned into African (AFR), European (EUR), East Asian (EAS), American (AMR), and South Asian (SAS) continental ancestry.
Emerging Perspectives on Neuroprotection
Authors: Hasler Gregor , Inta Dragos
Published: August 2024

Neuroprotection aims to safeguard neurons from damage caused by various factors like stress, potentially leading to the rescue, recovery, or regeneration of the nervous system and its functions [J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9(1):4–8]. Conversely, neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to adapt and change throughout life, involving structural and functional alterations in cells and synaptic transmission [Neural Plast. 2014;2014:541870]. Neuroprotection is a broad and multidisciplinary field encompassing various approaches and strategies aimed at preserving and promoting neuronal health. It is a critical area of research in neuroscience and neurology, with the potential to lead to new therapies for a wide range of neurological disorders and conditions. Neuroprotection can take various forms and may involve pharmacological agents, lifestyle modifications, or behavioral interventions. Accordingly, also the perspective and the meaning of neuroprotection differs due to different angles of interpretation. The primary interpretation is from the pharmacological point of view since the most consistent data come from this field. In addition, we will discuss also alternative, yet less considered, perspectives on neuroprotection, focusing on specific neuroprotective targets, interactions with surrounding microglia, different levels of neuroprotective effects, the reversive/adaptative dimension, and its use as anticipatory/prophylactic intervention.
Rivaroxaban for Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Single-Arm, Prospective Study
Authors: Wei Meng , Wu Xue , Wang Liteng , Gu Zhichun , Tu Yuanmao , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Jiong , Xie Honglang , Zhou Qing , Chu Yanan , Cheng Zhen , Zhou Guohua , Song Qinxin
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Thromboembolism is a recognized complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Evidence supporting the use of rivaroxaban to prevent NS-related thrombosis is limited and controversial. This study aimed to explore the impact of NS on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and to collect observational data on the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban as primary thromboprophylaxis in patients with NS. Methods: This prospective study analyzed 141 patients with NS who received rivaroxaban (10 mg/day) for thromboprophylaxis. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the trough and peak plasma concentrations (Ctrough and Cmax) of rivaroxaban. The influence of clinical and genetic factors on these concentrations was examined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The median Cmax and Ctrough were 68.5 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 31.7–105.5 ng/mL) and 4.4 ng/mL (IQR, 1.2–11.9 ng/mL), respectively. The incidence of thromboembolic events (TEs) was 12.8%, while that of bleeding events was 14.2%, although all were classified as minor. Albumin level was the most significant factor affecting Cmax (ρ = 0.55; p < 0.001) and was also significantly associated with TEs (0.81; 0.71–0.91 per 1.0 g/dL increase; p = 0.001) and bleeding risks (1.11; 1.03–1.19 per 1.0 g/dL increase; p = 0.008). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene significantly influenced Ctrough but were not associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in NS patients. A dose-adjustment strategy based on rivaroxaban concentrations, accounting for variable albumin levels, may improve the safety and efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in this population.
Everyday Memory Disturbance in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Foxe David , Ainkaran Gyan , Carrick James , Cheung Sau Chi , Ahmed Rebekah M. , Narasimhan Manisha , Burrell James R. , Hwang Yun Tae , Irish Muireann , Piguet Olivier
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Mounting evidence indicates distinct memory profiles among the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants. Neuropsychological tests reveal disproportionate memory impairments in the logopenic variant PPA (lv-PPA) relative to the non-fluent variant PPA (nfv-PPA) and semantic variant PPA (sv-PPA). The real-world experience of day-to-day memory disturbances in PPA, however, remains poorly understood. Methods: Everyday expressions of memory in 26 lv-PPA, 24 nfv-PPA, and 40 sv-PPA patients, and 70 healthy controls were examined using the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory-Revised (CBI-R) carer questionnaire. Kruskal-Wallis tests compared CBI-R Memory items (1–8) across groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the most discriminative items to distinguish lv-PPA from nfv-PPA. Results: Compared to controls, lv-PPA and sv-PPA patients were reported to experience more day-to-day memory issues (item 1), increased repetition of questions (2), forgetting the names of familiar people and objects (4, 5), and poor concentration (6). lv-PPA patients were also reported to exhibit more occurrences of losing or misplacing items (3) and forgetting the day (7). All PPA groups experienced more confusion in unfamiliar environments (8) than controls. Direct comparisons among PPA groups revealed distinct profiles, with lv-PPA and sv-PPA patients exhibiting more frequent forgetting of names and objects (3, 4) than nfv-PPA, and sv-PPA demonstrating greater day-to-day memory impairment (1), repeated questions (2), and poor concentration (6) compared to nfv-PPA. Forgetting the names of familiar objects (5) was the most sensitive and specific item to distinguish lv-PPA from nfv-PPA. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate distinct day-to-day memory profiles in PPA. Future research should explore the influence of language impairments on these profiles.
Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Rautiainen Laura J. , Jansson Anu H. , Knuutila Mia , Aalto Ulla L. , Kolster Annika , Kautiainen Hannu , Strandberg Timo E. , Pitkala Kaisu H.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation are intertwined concepts. When assessed separately, they indicate poor well-being, adverse health effects, and increased mortality. Studies exploring overlapping and comparing the prognosis of these concepts are scarce. We investigated (1) overlapping of concepts of loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation, (2) characteristics of groups: group 0 (not lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated), group 1 (lonely), group 2 (not lonely but socially inactive and/or socially isolated), and (3) the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being (PWB), and 3.6-year mortality of these groups. Methods: The home-dwelling older adults (n = 989; 75 y+) of the Helsinki Aging Study in 2019–2022 completing all required questionnaires were assessed. Group 0 included 494, group 1 included 280, and group 2 included 215 participants. Variables studied were demographics, diagnoses, mobility, physical functioning (Barthel index), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination). Outcomes were HRQoL (15D) and PWB. Mortality was retrieved from central registers. Results: Half of the sample was lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated, but only 2% were simultaneously lonely, socially inactive, and socially isolated. Of lonely participants, 38% were also socially inactive and/or socially isolated. The lonely participants were significantly more often widowed or lived alone and had the lowest HRQoL and poorest PWB compared with the other groups. After adjustments (age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index), mortality did not statistically differ between the groups. Conclusion: Loneliness is an independent determinant of poor HRQoL and PWB, and it should be considered separately from social inactivity and social isolation.
Predictive Factors for Tissue Inflammation in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Clinical Prediction Study
Authors: Luo Hua , Liao Gaoyuan , Wang Xiaobo , He Chao , Liu Yanghan
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men, marked by the noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Inflammation of the prostate plays a significant role in the progression of BPH and the symptoms it causes. The objective of this study was to create a predictive model for prostatic inflammation in men with BPH based on important clinical factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 137 patients diagnosed with BPH. Data collected included various factors such as age, prostate volume (PV), preoperative international prostate symptom score, preoperative maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), preoperative post-void residue, weight of the excised tissue, body mass index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol levels, prostate-specific antigen, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood uric acid, triglycerides, hypertension status, and presence of prostate calcifications. Multivariate logistic regression and LASSO regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors and develop a nomogram. The model’s performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Among the patients, 9.49% showed no signs of prostatic inflammation, while 22.63% had mild, 47.45% had moderate, and 20.44% had severe inflammation. Factors such as PV, FBG, and prostate calcification were identified as important predictors of prostatic inflammation. The predictive model developed exhibited strong discrimination and calibration, as evidenced by a high area under the curve value, indicating reliable predictive accuracy. DCA further validated the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion: The developed nomogram, incorporating PV, FBG, and prostate calcification, effectively predicts prostatic inflammation in men with BPH. This tool can aid in early intervention and targeted treatment, potentially improving patient outcomes. Further validation in diverse populations is recommended to enhance its generalizability and clinical applicability.
A comparison of fMRI presurgical mapping techniques with intraoperative brain mapping-based validation
Authors: Radwan Ahmed M. , Emsell Louise , Vansteelandt Kristof , Cleeren Evy , Peeters Ronald , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Theys Tom , Dupont Patrick , Sunaert Stefan
Published: August 2024

Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) could enable preoperative risk assessment and intraoperative guidance for patients who cannot undergo task-based fMRI (tbfMRI). To ascertain rsfMRI’s applicability, we investigated differences in accuracy between tbfMRI with a voxel size of 1.8 x 1.8 x 3.2 mm³ and rsfMRI acquired with single-echo (sTE) with a voxel size of 2 x 2 x 2.2 mm³ and multiecho (mTE) with a voxel size of 3 x 3 x 3 mm³ using intraoperative mapping with direct electrical stimulations (DES) as the ground truth. Functional sensory-motor mapping results of hands and feet were spatially compared relative to positive (pDES, functional effect) and negative (nDES, no functional effect) coordinates in 16 preoperative patients. A general linear model analysis was used for tbfMRI, and seed-based analysis (SBA) for rsfMRI. Minimum Euclidean distances between fMRI and DES were calculated and compared between fMRI methods. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare accuracy and determine distance cutoffs for fMRI agreement with DES, and binary agreement rates were compared at different cutoffs. Two-part mixed-effects linear models were used to compare fMRI methods while accounting for unequal intersubject DES repetition. Only minor differences were found between fMRI methods in unthresholded distances (mean differences ~2 mm). ROCs and binary agreement measures showed comparable accuracy for tbfMRI and sTE-rsfMRI at 2 mm, but mildly worse for sTE-rsfMRI at 3 mm and mTE-rsfMRI. However, differences in relative accuracy between sTE-rsfMRI and mTE-rsfMRI were minor when the same distance cutoff was applied to all methods. This was also reflected in comparing binary agreement rates and confirmed by the two-part linear models, which showed no significant differences between fMRI methods and a significant effect of DES response. A similar accuracy for SBA rsfMRI functional sensory-motor mapping compared with tbfMRI for the hands and feet indicates that rsfMRI may be suitable for presurgical mapping. The differences in relative accuracy between sTE-rsfMRI and mTE-rsfMRI warrant further investigation in a larger sample.
Image memorability is linked to facilitated perceptual and semantic processing
Authors: Deng Will , Beck Diane M. , Federmeier Kara D.
Published: August 2024

Strikingly, some images are consistently more likely to be remembered compared to others—a stable, intrinsic image property that has been termed image memorability. However, the properties that afford this memory advantage have remained elusive. In prior work, we showed that more memorable images are easier to perceive, and modeling work further suggests that semantic properties contribute to variance in memorability. Thus, we hypothesize that image memorability effects arise at the interface between perception and semantic memory. To test this hypothesis, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure perceptual template matching (N300) and semantic access (N400) processes in a continuous recognition memory task using high and low memorability images, each repeated once. On initial presentation, both N300 and N400 amplitudes were less negative for high memorability images, showing that memorability is linked to both facilitated high-level perceptual processing and more efficient semantic activation. High memorability images also elicited a larger N300 repetition effect compared to low memorability images, revealing that their perceptual processing benefits more from the prior exposure. The results support the idea that images that better match visual templates and elicit more targeted semantic activations are easier to identify when encountered again, and further point to a potential interplay between semantic activation and perceptual matching in supporting image memorability.
Northernmost record of Macropipus rugosus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Polybiidae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: González-Lorenzo Gustavo , Arvelo Esther L. , González José A.
Published: August 2024

We are reporting for the first time the presence of the crab Macropipus rugosus (Doflein, 1904) (Polybiidae) in the Canary Islands. This finding is based on the collection of three individuals off Tenerife. The collection, at coordinates 28°10′38″N, establishes a new northern distribution limit for this species. The species was previously known from tropical and subtropical seas off the west coast of Africa, has recently been reported in the waters of Cape Verde, and now we report it for the Canary Islands.
Amazon deep South: Schubarthelphusa, a new genus to accommodate two freshwater crab species from the State of Rondônia, Brazil (Brachyura, Pseudothelphusidae)
Authors: Magalhães Célio , Pinheiro Allysson P. , Mantelatto Fernando L.
Published: August 2024

A new genus of pseudothelphusid crab is proposed to accommodate two species from the state of Rondônia in the southern Amazon region of Brazil. The new taxon was retrieved as a separate lineage from the genus Fredius Pretzmann, 1967, based on an integrative approach using molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters of the male first gonopod, as well as taking into account its geographic distribution. In terms of gonopod morphology, the new genus resembles Fredius but it is characterized by an enlarged and distinctly inflated proximal portion of the cephalic lobe, a well-developed patch of strong, corneous spines along the mesial and abdominal surfaces of the cephalic lobe, and a mesial lobe that is extremely developed on a long, narrow, sinuous or convoluted projection. The new genus has the southernmost distribution of the Pseudothelphusidae within the Amazon Basin.
A new species of Aegla (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae) from the Paranapanema watershed, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Colavite Jéssica , Bueno Sérgio L. S. , da Silva Alexandre R. , Tavares Marcos
Published: August 2024

A new species of Aegla is described and illustrated from Alto Paranapanema (São Paulo State), a sub-basin of the Paranapanema watershed. The new species is compared to all seven species of Aegla currently known from the Paranapanema watershed using both morphological and mitochondrial genetic (COI) characters. Molecular sequence comparison analysis also suggested that several records from the Paranapanema watershed previously attributed to Aegla castro actually belong to different species. Opportunity is taken to provide a photograph of the holotype of A. castro (type locality Iapó River, State of Paraná, Tibagi sub-basin, Paranapanema watershed).
Genetic diversity and population structure of the semiterrestrial crab Armases benedicti (Brachyura, Sesarmidae) along the North Brazilian coast
Authors: Adam Carolina L. , Schubart Christoph D. , Masunari Setuko , Marochi Murilo Z.
Published: August 2024

For coastal marine species, gene flow patterns are intricately shaped by environmental factors such as oceanographic currents and river plumes. Despite these natural barriers, pelagic larval duration and salinity tolerance potentially facilitate the movement of individuals, resulting in panmixia. This study utilized Cox1 mtDNA data to conduct population genetics and structure analysis of the semiterrestrial crab Armases benedicti along the North Brazilian coast. The haplotype network displayed a star-like configuration, indicating recent mutation events and confirming minimal genetic structure. While DAPC analysis identified three distinct genetic clusters, limited genetic differentiation and negligible structuring were evident between Amapá, the northmost coastal Brazilian state, and Pará (approx. 400 km from the Amapá sampling site). Maranhão (approx. 600 km from Pará) exhibited higher Fst values in all pairwise comparisons but remained just one mutational step away from other sites. Despite coastal barriers affecting genetic connectivity, our findings suggest that A. benedicti populations demonstrate low genetic differentiation, hinting at the minimal impact of the Amazon plume as a barrier to gene flow, possibly due to the species’ adaptability to brackish environments. However, employing more informative genetic markers and conducting complementary ecological studies on larval salinity tolerance remain crucial for a deeper understanding of Armases population dynamics and adaptive strategies.
Progressive chelar polymorphism in the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) from the south-western Atlantic
Authors: João Marcio C. A. , Kriegler Nicholas , Hernáez Patricio , Pinheiro Marcelo A. A.
Published: August 2024

Morphological variation of body size and appendages is defined as polymorphism and may be associated with important structures linked to the sexual selection process. Some studies have suggested an expressive heterochely (i.e., dissimilar chelipeds) in the male adult phase of the semi-terrestrial crab Ucides cordatus, an important decapod species of mangrove systems from the western Atlantic. Here, the morphology, size, and growth pattern of male chelipeds in U. cordatus from the Brazilian coast were examined to test for polymorphism, considering that adult males usually develop one ornamented and hypertrophied cheliped. Two cheliped morphs were detected in U. cordatus males: chelipeds can be either homochelous or heterochelous and both morphotypes occur from the juvenile to adult phase. The higher frequencies of heterochelous males in larger size classes (71%: ⩾51 mm CW) and homochelous males in smaller ones (56%: <51 mm CW) confirmed that the prevalence of each morph is also associated with the ontogeny in males. The ornamentation of both morphs mainly differed in the dentition of cutting edges, but it was similar in the presence and position of tubercles. Adult crabs with homochelous and heterochelous chelipeds reached a similar body size, but their major chelipeds were significantly different in size and growth pattern. The presence of both cheliped morphs suggests the existence of distinct functions in this species, associated with feeding habits and behavioral displays (sexual / agonistic interactions). Our results indicate that more than one morph can participate in the reproductive process in species with mating systems (e.g., explosive breeding) allowing for this, as in the subfamily Ucidinae.
Schubartamon serenum new genus and species, a troglobitic crab from Laos, new records of Erebusa calobates Yeo & Ng, 1999 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae), and insights on the potamid genera of Indochina
Authors: Guinot Danièle , Rodríguez Moreno Paula A.
Published: August 2024

A new genus and species of troglobitic potamid crab, Schubartamon serenum gen. nov., sp. nov., is described based on an adult female from Vientiane province, Central Laos, found in Vang Vieng karst in the cave Tham Nang Oua (also called Tham Nang Hua). The new genus can be clearly distinguished morphologically from Erebusa, another troglobitic genus known from the single species E. calobates, also from Central Laos, in the Khammouan karst, and for which we now have additional material collected by two French expeditions in several caves scattered around this province, enabling the species to be better documented. The immense karst of Khammouan is not very fragmented, so that the dispersal of species can be quite possible, which explains why E. calobates can be found there dispersed across distant caves. Schubartamon serenum gen. nov., sp. nov. has been collected much further north, in the Vang Vieng karst, Vientiane province, more than 400 km north of Thakhek, the capital of Khammouan. The two species share similar troglobitic adaptations, but the morphological differences between them are significant at a generic level. In particular, compared to those of E. calobates, the differently shaped vulvae of S. serenum gen. nov., sp. nov. alone represent an excellent character for generic distinction. A review of the potamid genera of Indochina is also presented.