bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Care Clinicians Attitudes and Knowledge of Pharmacogenetics in a Large, Multi-state, Healthcare System
Authors: Olander Megan , Waring Stephen , Stenehjem David D , Taran Allise , Raneli Paul L , Brown Jacob
Published: April 2018

Background: Considerable progress has been made in the way of pharmacogenetic research and the development of clinical recommendations; however, its implementation into clinical practice has been slower than anticipated. We sought to better understand its lack of clinical uptake within primary care.

Aim: The primary objective of this survey was to ascertain primary care clinicians’ perceptions of pharmacogenetic use and implementation in an integrated health system of metropolitan and rural settings across several states.

Methods: Primary care clinicians (including MDs, DOs, NPs, and PAs) were invited to participate in a survey via email. Questions about pharmacogenetics knowledge and perceptions were presented to assess current understanding and usage of pharmacogenetics in practice.

Results: The rate of response for the survey was 17%. Of the 90 respondents, 58% were female, 69% were MDs/DOs, 20% were NPs, and 11% were PAs. Fifty-eight percent of respondents received their clinical degree in or after 2000. Ninety percent of respondents noted that they were uncomfortable ordering a pharmacogenetics test, with 76% stating they were uncomfortable applying the results of a pharmacogenetic test. Notably, 78% of respondents were interested in having pharmacogenetic testing available through Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services, although PAs were significantly less interested as compared to NPs and MD/DOs. Ninety-five percent of respondents were interested in a clinical decision support tool relevant to pharmacogenetic results.

Conclusions: As a whole, prescribing clinicians in primary care clinics are uncomfortable in the ordering, interpreting, and applying pharmacogenetic results to individual patients. However, favorable attitudes towards providing pharmacogenetic testing through existing MTM clinics provides the opportunity for pharmacists to advance existing practices.

Conflict of Interest: We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties

Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB determined project was non-HSR

 

Type: Student Project
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENAMBANGAN BATU DI TINJAU DARI ASPEK LINGKUNGAN (STUDI KASUS DESA DASUK LAOK KECAMATAN DASUK KABUPATEN SUMENEP)
Authors: Fansuri Subaidillah , Deshariyanto Dwi
Published: April 2018

Manusia sebagai makhluk hidup berinteraksi dengan lingkungan alam sekitarnya. Antara manusia dan lingkungan hidup terdapat hubungan timbal balik. Manusia mempengaruhi lingkungan hidupnya, dan sebaliknya manusia dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan hidiupnya. Manusia ada didalam lingkungan hidupnya dan ia tidak dapat terpisahkan dari lingkungan hidupnya. Pertambangan mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan hidup jika pertambangan memperhatikan lingkungan maka kualitas lingkungan akan terjaga, dan sebaliknya jika pertambangan tanpa ijin dan tidak memperhatikan lingkungan maka kualitas lingkungan tercemar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap penambangan batu di tinjau dari aspek lingkungan. Dengan jumlah sampel 80KK yaitu Masyarakat Desa Dasuk Laok yang terkumpul di Dusun Maaddungan 40 KK dan Dusun Kombang 40 KK, data yang diperoleh lalu diolah melalui program SPSS, sehingga di ketahui frekuensi pertanyaan yang didapat dari kuesioner. Hasilnya penambangan batu lebih banyak menimbulkan dampak negatif dari pada dampak positif terhadap lingkungan, terbukti dari jawaban responden, sebesar 74% responden merasakan dampak negatif dari adanya penambangan. Karena penambangan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan dari jawaban responden sebesar 81,8% responden mengatakan penambangan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan.
Nanotecnología, un nuevo escenario para la estrategia
Authors: Galvis Castañeda Iván Eduardo
Published: April 2018

La tecnología interviene en la vida de los hombres afectando diferentes dimensiones, algunos de los eventos tecnológicos se pueden considerar verdaderas revoluciones y una de ellas sin lugar a dudas será el advenimiento de la Nanotecnología y con ella las mareas de argumentos e investigaciones a favor y en contra de su desarrollo.
The Vampires Our Age Deserves: 21st Century Forms of Ancient Evil
Authors: Joyce Michael James
Published: April 2018

Traditionally, the peoples of Southeast Asia have held beliefs in numerous forms of vampires often crossed with ghosts or other spirits, such as Pontianak of the Malay Peninsula, Phi Krasue and Phi Pop of Thailand and the Aswang and Manananggal of the Philippines. These have been theorised as manifestations of fears and repressed aspects of life, including, previously, of dangers that lurk in the wilds surrounding villages. In modern times rumours of and belief in vampires persist and have moved to cities, but these tales are also joined by a more modern bloodsucker, the organ harvester. Poorly-sourced stories of dubious veracity circulate on Facebook feeds, warning parents to keep a close eye on their children lest they are snatched away and killed for their organs. This paper examines parallels between traditional vampire legends of Southeast Asia and current rumours of organ trafficking targeting children, and delves into some of the anxieties fuelling the contemporary stories, anxieties that ultimately spring from the region’s fraught reaction to Neoliberalism.Keywords: Vampires, Southeast Asian vampires, Organ trafficking, Social media, Mythology, Neoliberalism
LEGITIEME PORTIE DALAM HUKUM WARIS ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Puspita Shintiya Dwi , Fadhly Fabian
Published: April 2018

Indonesia recognizes three different inheritance system based respectively on the Civil Code, Islamic law and adat law. This article discusses the regulation concerning legitieme portie, the absolute right of the successor (heirs) which by law cannot be disregarded by the benefactor. The question here is whether legitieme portie, expressly regulated in the western inheritance law may also be found in the Islamic inheritance system? The second question concerns the possibility of – within the Islamic inheritance system – through the application of the legitieme portie - to deny the wife and/or parents’ right to the inheritance. This research argues that the Islamic inheritance system contains rules which cannot be disregarded by the benefactor and at the same time guarantee the wife’s right to the inheritance left by the benefactor.
ANALISIS HUKUM PENERAPAN ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN RAHASIA BANK
Authors: Vediani Ilmi
Published: April 2018

This article discusses money laundering and the implementation of Customer Due Diligence (CDD) which is to be understood as part of the effort to eradicate this particular crime. Money laundering is not an autonomous crime but is always related or stems from an original crime (predicate crime). This crime is committed habitually using financial institution or banks as its instrument.  One factor making this possible is the obligation of bank to guard and maintain customer’s trust by virtue of bank’s secrecy. Nonetheless, this bank secrecy can be waived. By virtue of CDD, banks are under the obligation to implement a process of customer identification, including verification- monitoring of customers financial transaction or activities. In the case, they detect suspicious financial transactions the banks are under the obligation to report their findings to the Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (INTRAC) and/or law enforcement officers

 

Keywords:
money laundering, bank, customer due diligence, anti-money laundering program and bank secrecy
KETERTIBAN YANG ADIL VERSUS KETIDAKADILAN: BEBAN SOSIAL-EKONOMI YANG HISTORIS DARI HUKUM
Authors: Kusumohamidjojo Budiono
Published: April 2018

This paper is based on a two decade observation on the dilemma of order and justice, leading to an attempt to analyze the social-economic factors underlying the historical roots of injustice. On its course it attempted to take lessons from historically proven axioms provided by certain heavy weight thinkers. While trying to make the best out of those axioms, the analysis could not ignore the hard facts of the daily life of the billions of people suffering from unending injustice in most parts of the world, in the rich and let alone in the poor parts of it. Neither could it escape from criticizing the ubiquitous mess in the justice system, almost universally. Although the overall problem of injustice does not seem to provide much hope for a better life of the people at large, the conclusion of this paper tried to distant away from a pessimistic stance and instead proposed an agenda for those who may concern to be carried out. This paper contains forethoughts of a book in the making regarding basically the same problem.  

 

Keywords:
history, authority, rationality, law, order, equality, justice
PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK YANG TEREKSPLOITASI SECARA EKONOMI OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PADANG
Authors: Simbolon Laurensius Arliman
Published: April 2018

Children are our future and in their own time bear the responsibility to develop their own world. To enable them doing so, they should not be forced to work to earn a living or support their family.  Children should be allowed to grow in the safety of a home, at school and at playgrounds.  In this paper the author will explore children problems related economic exploitations,  what policies are developed by the municipal government of Padang to protect children from economic exploitations and what are the obstacles in implementing these policies. One of the finding is that the Social and Manpower Service and the Family Planning, Women and Community Empowerment Board of the Padang municipal government develops training programs aiming to give exploited children practical skills in helping them to cope.  Factors influencing economic exploitation of children are numerous and complex: lack of education, lessening of people’s adherence to religious norms, societal environment, shift in cultural values, economic problems, etc. Based on the above the author suggests that the municipal government should take cognizance of these factors when attempting to deal with the problem.

 

Keywords:
child, exploitation, economy, protection
Keadilan Restoratif Dan Pembatasan Diversi Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Dewantary Zenny Rezania
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Since 1997 Indonesia possessed a Law specifically regulating child court (Law No. 3 of 1997). The law’s perspective, however, was still based on retributive justice. This was apparent in how the court handles juvenile delinquents.  To provide better protection to the handling of children before criminal courts, the government amended Law No. 3 of 1997 by Law No. 11 of 2012 re. Juvenile Court System. This new law was founded upon the theory of restorative justice and provide for diversion.  Diversion is used to prevent children from being sent to prison and in general purports to improve societal condition. This article discusses problems related to the use of diversion. One recommendation offered is that diversion should be taken into consideration without discrimination, not only in the case the penal sanction is below 7 years (imprisonment) but also above this number. In deciding the need for diversion, while also taking into consideration the seriousness of the crime committed, expediency should also be a deciding factor.
Liberalisasi Fee Advokat: Antara Perlindungan Dan Kompetisi Terhadap Advokat Indonesia
Authors: Delarosa Stella
Published: April 2018

Abstract 
This article analyses issues related to the implementation of fee liberalization by the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and its effect to the legal service business sector. Indonesian lawyers, as a consequence, will then have to compete with foreign legal service providers. It is assumed that through fair and transparent competition a more accountable business atmosphere can be created. However, a number of legal regulations at the national level establishes non-trade barriers, effectively obstructing the AEC’ market liberalization project. The authors standing here is that the policy of protecting domestic lawyers or advocates should be rescinded and to that purpose Indonesia should amend the prevailing Law on Advocate.
A High-Throughput Screening Approach for the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Wilbraham Liam , Berardo Enrico , Turcani Lukas , Jelfs Kim , Zwijnenburg Martijn
Published: April 2018

We propose a general high-throughput computational screening approach for the optical and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. This approach makes use of the recently developed xTB family of low-computational-cost density functional tight-binding methods from Grimme and co-workers, calibrated here to (TD-)DFT data computed for a representative diverse set of (co-)polymers. Parameters drawn from the resulting calibration using a linear model can then be applied to the xTB derived results for new polymers, thus generating near DFT-quality data with orders of magnitude reduction in computational cost. As a result, after an initial computational investment for calibration, this approach can be used to quickly and accurately screen on the order of thousands of polymers for target applications. We also demonstrate that the (opto)electronic properties of the conjugated polymers show only a very minor variation when considering different conformers and that the results of high-throughput screening are therefore expected to be relatively insensitive with respect to the conformer search methodology applied.
Comparison 0f effect of Antibiotics,Natural Honey and plant ExtractsonE.coliisolated from different clinical cases
Authors: Al-Sa'ady Amal Talib
Published: April 2018

200 different clinical samples were collected from patients with Burns infections, wound infections, urinary Tract Infections & diarrhea for a period from March to August, 2017. Total of 403 bacterial isolates were identified, the gram negative bacteria E.coli represented329 (48.9%). The percentages of E.coliisolatesare different depending on isolation sources, urinary Tract Infections have the highest rate of isolation (72.2%). Bacterial sensitivity against10different antibiotics were tested, all isolates showed full resistance againstPenicillins & Cephalosporins while they have high sensitivity for Nitrofurantion. The other antibiotics have different effects depending on the isolation sources. Natural Honey has high antibacterial activity for E.coliwithout any influence withisolation sources with MIC,15%. Antibacterial activity ofthe EthanolicExtracts (95%) for four plants: Allium sativum,Paganum harmala,Nigella sativum & Myrtus communs. All of this have high inhibitory effect onE.coliisolates without any influence of the isolation sources, but Allium sativum extract has the highest effect with inhibition zone diameters (20.1-32.0) mm.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Antibiotic producing Actinomycetes Soils samples
Authors: R. Alkhafaf Dina M , Jarallah Eman M
Published: April 2018

In this study,a total of 120 agriculture soils samples,theirty two Actinomycetes isolates were isolated from ten different locations in Babylon city which were purified several times on International Streptomyces project-2 agar medium (ISP-2). All these isolates were tested for antibacterial activity by primary and secondary screening test against gram positive pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus albus,Staphylococcus aureus,and Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram negative pathogenic bacteria (Klebsillae pnemoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aerouginosa,Seratia marcescens and Aeromonas hydrophila), televe isolates were showed antibacterial activity against these bacteria. Bacterial extraction of three of actinomycetes isolates which showed high antibacterial activity,the isolates (No.3:MS.A.21,No.8:AG.A.72,No.10:R.A.98) were chemicly characterized by gas chromotography techniques (GC-Mass) to detect volatile organic compounds.Five components were identified in the ethyl acetate bacteria extract. The compounds were Acetic acid (58.42%) as the major component followed by 2-Butanone,3-hydroxy (21.23%),Butanoic acid,2-methyl (8.76%),2, 3-Butanediol, [R- (R*, R*)] (7.75%) and last couponed propanoic acid, 2-methyl (3.84%) respectively. Figure (4-1) shows the mass spectrum and structures of the identified components.
Bacteriology of tonsillitis
Authors: Abdulkareem Ihsan E
Published: April 2018

Two hundredpatients with tonsillectomy (TS)in Basrah,102 (51% ) malesand98 (49%) Females,with male: females ratio (1.04:1) and 50 individual without tonsillitisproblems as control group were included in this study,which was done during the period of April, 2015 to Jun,2017. This Include collection of throatswab samples,culturing of samples,identification of causative agents species and antibiotic sensitivity. Gram's positivebacteria were the commonestmicroorganisms.thecomments’ causativeagents wasStreptococcus pyogense 30 isolates(15%) followed by Staph.aureuswas28 isolates (14%)isolatedfrom (200) chronictonsillitispatientsbeforeandaftertonsillectomy, whilethemostnormalflorawas Streptococcus. (α-heamolytic)45 isolates (90%),,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis40 (80%)from (50 ) healthpersons. MostisolatedofStreptococcus pyogense werehighsensitiveto antibioticsuchasClindamycin,Rifampin,and Azithromycin. whilemoderatesensitivetoPenicillin-GCefotaxime,Cefetriaxone,trimethoprim, andresistanttoAugmentine,ampicillin,Cloxacillin,inthisstudymostcommon Streptococcus pyogense isolatedassociatedwithpyrogenictoxinSPeB (76%), flowedbySPeC (60%)andSPeA (26%).
Vitamin D inadequacy among asthmatic Iraqi Children
Authors: Razak Al-Sharifi Zainab A , Jabbar Haider Abd Al
Published: April 2018

Vitamin D assumes a part in the pathogenesis of asthma as it has an intense immunomodulatory impact following up on the cells of the innate immunity. It additionally decreases the danger of respiratory viral diseases which are critical initiators of asthma intensifications. Additionally,it potentiates the mitigating activity of corticosteroids which are viewed as the best controllers of asthma. To identify the recurrence of vitamin D inadequacy and lack among Iraqi asthmatic kids and to relate vitamin D levels to the seriousness of asthma. This case control study was directed on 50 asthmatic kids and 50 healthy controls. All were subjected to clinical history taking including history of sun introduction and asthma medication and full clinical examination. Laboratory investigations included estimation of serum calcium,serum alkaline phosphatase and serum 25-OH-D levels. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and seriousness of asthma,yet there was no significant correlation between sun exposure and 25-OH-D level. Vitamin D deficiency is common in Iraqi children with asthma.Low levels of serum vitamin D are connected with high asthma seriousness,decreased asthma control.
Characteristics of overweighed and obese adults attended Nutritional clinic in Dewaniyah governorate,Iraq,2014
Authors: Khalidi Fatima AL
Published: April 2018

over all world,thecommunity is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition characterized by persistent nutritional deficiencies or increasing overweight and obesity rate which is one of important challenge that need to change in food habit and life style toward healthy diet and regular physical exercise. In Iraq this problem is not fixed,but according to Stepwise Surveillance of Chronic NCD Risk Factor 2006 the overweight and obesity rate was 67% (34 % overweight,32 % obesity). This study aimed to estimate the describe BMI status andcharacteristics factor that associated with overweight and obesity.A file base descriptive cross sectional study conducted in 2016. Files of adults aged >18 years attended the Nutritional clinic during 2014 were reviewed. Demographics characteristics and BMI status considered and presented as percentage. Mean of age computed and some variables crosstab with BMI classification recommended by WHO. Statistical significant considered when p value ≤ 0.05.A total study sample were 722,Male to female ratio was 1:6,and the mean of age was 32.8 ± 9.9. About 20.5% was normal BMI while the overweight and obesity was 79.5%. The study showed that the overweight and obesity rate was higher in female than male (88.2 % vs. 21.8%,p value > 0.001).it is also higher in married status than single (81.7% vs. 18.3%,p > 0.001). Basic educational level had high overweight and obesity rate which was 46.1% with statistical significant association (p value = 0.05). We conclude that the overweight and obesity rate was high among female, married and persons have basic educational level in Iraqi community.
Combination Effect of Edible Mushroom – Sliver Nanoparticles and Antibioticsagainst selected Multidrug Biofilm Pathogens
Authors: Kareem AqeelAbbass
Published: April 2018

This project designed to determined the effect of edible mushroom-Ag-Nps in combined with conventional antibiotics against selected multidrug biofilm forming patbiofilm producer bacteria were isolated and identified using routine cultural and biochemical tests from clinical specimen,in addition to that bacterial standard strains were used. Silver nanoparticle was prepared by using edible mushroom as bio-reductant. The biosynthesis of Ag-Nps was characterized by changing mushroom extract colorfrom clear yellow to brown and uv/visual spectrophotometer, electronic microscope.then, the Ag-Nps was tested against bacterial strains and biofilm producer bacteriausing diffusion method as antibacterial agents in combination with antibiotics. Biosynthesized Ag-Nps characterized by visual spectroscopy, Scannining Electronic Microscope (SEM) were ranged (5-50 nm) in size and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in peak 430 cm-1 refers to proteins formation.Different volumes andconcentration of AgNps (20,30,and 50 µl )were tested against selected multi drug biofilm pathogens showed the Ag-NPs at concentration50 µl was the most efficient in the inhibition of bacterial growth. On the other hand, Those assessment of the consolidated impact were examined utilizing circle dissemination strategy against Methicillin Resists Staph aureus (MRSA), Eschershia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andProtues mirabilis. Results recorded a synergetic effect of Ag-Nps -in association with resistant antibiotics.greater potential as antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic micro-organisms,and that they Combination ofnanoparticles withantibiotics inhibited effectivelyability to formbiofilm than antibiotics alone,from this we can conclude that Ag-NPs havemay be used in the remediation of infectious diseases,so Ag-NPswith antibiotics show maximum antibacterial activity,and so his may lead to developed of new pharmaceuticals therapeutic needs.
Anew Medium for Isolation and Diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Jasim NeeranObied
Published: April 2018

Melanin produce by Cryptococcus neoformans yeastwas used to characterize this yeast.In present study,we used red onion extract in prepared a new medium.The isolates of yeast were cultivation. After 48 hours results show,the isolates of C.neoformans were appear in dark brown colonies while the colonies on SDA not produce any pigment.Also analysis resultsof red onion extract by usedUV-Spectometerand FT-IR appear this extract content phenolic compounds which causes to produce brown pigment.thus, this medium Red Onion Agar (RO A) useful for rapid identification of yeast C.neoformans
Associations of Specific HLA-C Loci and Sociodemographic Factors with the Prevalence of Type I psoriasis inIraqi patients.
Authors: Khadhim Manal M , Irhayyim Alaa
Published: April 2018

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of human skin with unknown etiology and for which there is no cure. It is believed to be genetically and immunologically conditioned and has major negative impact on life’s quality.To determine the impact of inheritance of specific HLA-C loci and some sociodemographic factors on the susceptibility to early onset psoriasis (Type I).Current study includes psoriatic group involve 76 patients (type I) and a match apparently healthy group comprise 87 persons as a control. A PCR based method (low resolution sequence specific primer. PCR-SSP) used to detect CW6, CW7 and CW17 genotypes after inform consent. Current study shows that the CW6 and Cw7 allele significantly associated with early onset psoriasis, while cw17 shows no significant association. There is also higher percentage of patient were in urban than rural resident, with no significant association between smoking and type I psoriasis. Both of CW6 and CW7 genotypes increase the risk of early onset psoriasis. While rural residency decreases the chance of getting type I psoriasis. Furthermore, lack of association with smoking cannot mitigate the effect of passive smoking.
Identification of virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens in Ad- Diwaniya Teaching Hospital.
Authors: Abbood Wisam S
Published: April 2018

The present study was carried outto verify the role of virulence genes in establishment of opportunistic infections of the P. aeruginosa by using the PCR technique. A total of 50 swabs were collected from wound,burn and sputum samples of patients who admitted at Ad-Diwaniya province during the period from May – October 2017. Brain Heart Infusion broth and chrome agar media were used for isolation of P. aeruginosa. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from P.aeruginosa isolates for detection of the virulence genes (exoS,toxA,and oprI) by using PCR technique. The isolation percent of P. aeruginosa was high (78.26%) in burn infections rather than wound infections and pulmonary tract. The burn infection P. aeruginosaisolatesshowed high occurrence of virulence genes more than ordinary wound infections isolates as well as the virulence gene (ToxA) was highlypresent in most isolates. It wasconcluded that the expressionof virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosais important factor in causinghuman infections especially (ToxA) gene and the PCR technique is ahighly specific and accurate technique as a rapid diagnostic laboratory method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital
Authors: Baiee Hasan Alwan , Hatif Weli
Published: April 2018

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.
The value of rapid semi-automated morphometric analysis system in predicting malignancy in thyroid follicular neoplasm
Authors: Wali Ali Thair
Published: April 2018

To constuct and evaluate a rapid semiautomated system in discriminating malignant from benign follicular thyroid neoplasms.Sixty formalin fixed paraffin embeded blocksof follicular thyroid neoplasms were retreived and slides were prepared and H and E stained. A morphometric system was constructed to be as rapid as possible and was tested. No signficant difference was found in ratio of largest nuclear to smallest nuclear diameter between follicualr adenoma and follicualr carcinoma groups. Rapid semiautomated morphometric analysis is of no help in predicting malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasm.
Study of the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa ethanol extraction the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture media
Authors: Yassen Mohammed AbdulReda
Published: April 2018

Bacterial infections become a great health problems. The new antimicrobial agents are will reduce this problem. In this study, antimicrobial of activity of extract of Nigella sativa seed that used against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was evaluated. Started with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial potentials of ethanol extractofNigella sativaprepared in different concentrations (50,100, 200& 400 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and associated its activity with antibiotic concentration value Ciprofloxacin (5µg),Amoxicillin (25µg) & Penicillin (6µg) by determining the inhibition zone produced around the holes after growth on Muller-Hinton agar. This results showed activity of antibacterial of the Nigella sativa at differentconcentrationsand standard antibiotics exhibited various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending mainly upon the type of plant extract,concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Nearly all the Nigella sativa extracts were found to have significant activity (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria related with negative control. In the same time the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against examined bacteria raised significantly difference (p<0.05) at extract concentration raised (400 mg / ml ). The MIC values ofethanolic extracts of Nigella sativaextended from 0.156 to 0.312 mg/ml against tested bacteria. Whereas the MBC values ranged 1.248 mg/ml.
N-acetylcysteine attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac depression: down-regulation of MMP-2 pathway in mice
Authors: Al-khalidy Safa Azher
Published: April 2018

During sepsis,the inflammatory responses mediate myocardium injury,including LV dysfunction and cardiac pathophysiological changes. To understanding the pathway of sepsis in cardiac depression,we tested the hypothesis that N-acetylcysteine attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac depression through down-regulation of MMP-2 pathway. Adult (4 to 6 months) male Albino-Webster mice,and their weights ranged from 25 to 30 gm,were pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine ip following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Left ventricle (LV) function was assessed using a micro-catheter system. MCP-1 and cytokines mediator’s in plasma and myocardium were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further,the cardiac MMP2 measured by qRT-PCR and the pathological changes and cells injuries in the myocardium were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. CLP mice displayed worse LV function. The exaggerated cardiac depression in CLP mice was associated with higher levels of MCP-1 and cytokines in plasma and myocardium together with greater cardiac levels of cTn-I and MMP2. Neutralization of sepsis by NAC resulted in improved LV function and greater reductions in inflammatory mediators,MMP2 and myocardium injury. Taken together,NAC improved LV function following sepsis through down-regulation of MMP2 and serve as a potential therapeutic in cardiac endotoxemia.
Study the effect of alcoholic extractrawsalvia officnalis on some sex hormonesin female mice white
Authors: Kbyeh Frah razzaq
Published: April 2018

Thirty female mice white used in the experiment for the purpose of knowing the effect of alcoholic extract raw salvia officnalisleaves on the level of sex hormones which were divided animals into three groups experimental rate of ten mice per group dosage group B and C oral daily dose of the extract amount 500 mg / kg of body weight the first group, respectively,in the1000 mg/ Kg of body weight,respectively,either the first set group A treated the same way time and himself as 0.1 ml / g body weight of physiological solution compared to the mind set lasted 30 days dosing was weight when you stop recording the dosage and then kill her blood was collected through a stab heart for the purpose of studies of hormonal (estrogen,progesterone,luteinizing hormone,follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin)extract reflected the impact of the variables studied and related to fertility in the following results compared with the control group. Low body weight was in the doses and the effect of the dose of 1000 mg / kg of body weight was significantly larger dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight at a level significantly 5% P0≤0.05. Significant increase in the level of hormones (progesterone,estrogen,luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone) in the doses and the effect of the dose of1000 mg / kg of body weight was significantly larger dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight at a level significantly 5% P0≤0.05. Significant decrease in the level of the hormone prolactin in the doses and the effect of the dose of 1000 mg / kg of body weight was significantly larger dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight at a level significantly 5% P0≤0.05
Renoprotective Effects of Artesunate against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model
Authors: Mohammed Bassim I , Hadi Najah R , Huda Jabber , Elkilany Galal , Singh RB
Published: April 2018

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (Renal I/R) leads to acute kidney injury (AKI),a major kidney disease associated with an increasing prevalence and high mortality rates. A variety of experimental models,both in vitro and in vivo,have been used to study the pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic AKI and to test reno-protective strategies. Aim: To study potential protective effects of artesunate on renal I/R injury. Renal I/R injury was unilaterally induced in adult (3 to 5 months) male Sprague-Dawely rats,whose weights ranged from 180 to 390 g. Thereafter,the animals were pre-treated with artesunate intra-peritoneally,and at the end of reperfusion sacrificed humanely. Plasma,serum and tissue samples were obtained for analysis. Plasma concentrations of NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin),an iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis,innate immunity and renal development,and tissue concentrations of IL-18 (Interleukin-18) were measured via ELISA analysis. Serum urea and creatinine were also measured in the samples. Artesunate improved renal ischemia reperfusion,including renal function and brought about reductions in inflammatory mediators and kidney tissue injury. Plasma concentrations of NGAL and tissue concentrations of IL-18 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the artesunatepretreated group than in the vehicle and control groups. Furthermore,serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the pretreated group as compared to the control group. Artesunate can significantly improve renal function following I/R through down-regulation of inflammatory parameters and NGAL expression. Furthermore,it could serve as a potential therapy in ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.
A Comparative Study of Salbutamol Nebulizer versus Salbutamol plus Budesonide Nebulizer in the Treatment of Children with Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Almusawi Zuhair M , Abood Haidar AN , Alfadhil Aqeel M
Published: April 2018

Asthma is a common chronic illness of childhood and represents the leading cause of childhood morbidity as measured by school absence,emergency department visit,and hospitalization. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used as controller agent and recently introduced as an adjuvant treatment in acute attacks of asthma.To evaluate the effect of combination of budesonide plus salbutamol nebulizer versus salbutamol nebulizer monotherapy in children with acute attack of asthma. A randomized double blind standard control clinical study was done in Karbala teaching hospital for children from1st of November 2015 to the end of November 2016 on patients aged 1-12 years presented to emergency department with mild to moderate acute attack of asthma. The patients randomly divided into salbutamol group (50) patients and salbutamol plus budesonide group (50) patients. For each patient the severity of asthma attack was determined by pulmonary index score (PIS) before initiation of treatment,then assessment done each 30 minutes up to 90 minute to detect the decrement in severity of attack and response to treatment. There was significant reduction in PIS (p<0.05) for both group of patients treated with salbutamol and salbutamol plus Budesonide and after 30, 60 minutes as compare with their baseline score. After 30 minutes from ER admission patients who were treated with combination of salbutamol plus budesonide had significantly lower PISs than those treated with salbutamol alone. At end of 90 minute there were 28 patients from salbutamol group and only 14 patients from combination group with significant difference in number of patient between groups (p<0.05). The mean duration of stay in E.R was significantly shorter (p<0.05) in patients treated with nebulized salbutamol +budesonide. The addition of nebulized budesonide to salbutamol significantly lower the PIS and shorten the duration of stay in emergency department in asthmatic children with acute attack.
Preparation and Characterization of Danazol Nanoparticles for Dissolution Improvement
Authors: Al-Hassnaui Luma Safa el-din
Published: April 2018

Danazol is a synthetic steroid used for endometriosis treatment, haslow bioavailability as it is practically insoluble in water. This study has been carried out to prepare and characterize danazol nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation method at a different polymer to drug ratios of 0.5:1,1:1,2:1 and 3:1 using different polymers of CMC-30 and various grades of HPMC and PVP,as stabilizers. Variables that might affect the particle size as polymer type,polymer to drug ratio,temperature of precipitation,addition rate of danazol solution,volume ratio,time of stirring,concentrationof drug,have been investigated. The particle size of the prepared formulas has been in the nano-sized except those using CMC and the best formula has beenF20 at a polymer to drug ratio of0.5:1 which has given the smallest particle sizeof 33nm.The investigations of the drug–stabilizer compatibility havebeen studied by FTIR and DSC,crystalline state by XRD,size,and shape of nanoparticles by FESEM and the results showed that there has been no interaction between the danazol and stabilizer and there has been a partial conversion of danazol from crystalline to an amorphous state with a size below 100nm. Most of the studied factors havebeen found affect the particle size of the nanoparticles.The Entrapment efficiency has been (91.3% ± 0.4) in the (F20). The solubility study revealed that 6.75,4.97 and 5.1 folds increased of solubility of danazol for nanoparticles than that for raw in distilled water,0.1N HCl and in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8.The simple capsule has been prepared by incorporation of freeze-dried of F20 with lactose as a filler and the in vitro dissolution study has been conducted using 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2) with 2% w/v Brij-35,phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.8) with 2% w/v Brij-35as dissolution media. Within 30 minutes,100% of the danazol has been released from the nanoparticle capsule in both dissolution media compared to the raw and physical blend capsules as controls havebeen nearly complete in 120 minutes.One can conclude that Antisolvent method is an easy,efficient method to prepare danazol nanoparticles with an intense effect on solubility and faster in vitro dissolution rate than raw drug and its physical blend with stabilizer.
Low dose combination of aspirin and clopidogrel retards the progression of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemia rabbits via interfering with inflammatory and oxidative responses.
Authors: Sahib Hussam Hamza
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel in low doses on the progression of atherosclerosis.A total of 35 local domestic rabbits was assigned to five groups. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment (8-weeks) for measurement of serum triglycerides,total cholesterol (TC),HDL-C,plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein,plasma malondialdehyde andplasma reduced glutathione. Compared to normal control,levels of lipid profile, atherogenic index,hsCRP,and MDA are increased while GSH were decreased in animals on an atherogenic diet.        immunohistochemical analysis showed that aortic expression of VCAM-1,MCP-1,TNF-α and IL-17A were significantly increased in the atherogenic control group compared to a normal control group. A combination of low doses aspirin and clopidogrel causes statistically significant reduction in hsCRP and MDA. A combination of low doses aspirin and clopidogrel treatment significantly reduced aortic expression of VCAM-1,MCP-1,TNF-α and IL-17A. Histopathologic examination of aortic arch showed that the combination of low doses aspirin and clopidogrel significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion. Aspirin treatment considerably reduced aortic expression of VCAM-1,MCP-1,TNF-α and IL-17A. It thus can conclude that a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel in low doses has a reducing effect on lipid peroxidation,systemic inflammation and aortic expression of inflammatory marker and hence reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
Case report Human urinary tract myiasis in Al-Amara city/ Iraq
Authors: Khallawi Muttlak Mahdi , Jazaa Saleh H
Published: April 2018

Myiasis has been defined as infestation with larvae of Diptera,on live animals and human. There are three main families of Diptera cause Myiasis,Oestridae (bot and warble flies); Calliphoridae(blowflies) and Sarcophagidae (flesh fly). Larvae of Fannia scalaris is the most frequent cause of urinary myiasis. Clinically,Myiasis is classified as dermal,respiratory system,nasopharyngeal,ophthalmic,auricular,gastric,rectal,intestinal and finally urinary myiasis which is the most uncommon type in human,because cloth protection and inaccessibility of genital area to flies prevents them from laying eggs,Psychoda albipennis (P. albipennis) can flourish in the environment of a moist bathroom and may cause urogenital myiasis in humans. The urine specimen was taken from the patient who contracted from this larvae and the specimen was examined to detect and identify this larvae. The larvae are feeding on bacteria. The prevention criteria to prevent the myiasis are including the good hygiene during defection and micturition.
Internet of Things : Sistem Keamanan Rumah berbasis Raspberry Pi dan Telegram Messenger
Authors: KURNIAWAN MUHAMAD IRFAN , SUNARYA UNANG , TULLOH ROHMAT
Published: April 2018

ABSTRAKBanyak orang memasang kamera pengawas di rumah untuk memantau rumah ketika  dalam keadaan kosong. Namun tidak ada pemberitahuan secara langsung kepada pemilik rumah ketika ada orang yang tidak dikehendaki terdeteksi oleh sistem kamera pengawas. Kekurangan lainnya adalah kamera tetap merekam video meskipun tidak ada aktifitas yang terdeteksi. Penelitian ini merancang sistem keamanan rumah berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) memanfaatkan Telegram Messenger. Ketika sensor PIR (Passive Infra Red) mendeteksi gerak manusia, maka kamera Raspberry Pi akan mengambil foto dan mengirimkan hasilnya kepada pengguna melalui Telegram Messenger. Bot pada Telegram Messenger akan menawarkan 2 fitur yang dapat dipilih oleh pemilik rumah, yaitu mengambil foto atau video. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil berupa jarak maksimum deteksi obyek terhadap sensor adalah 6 meter. Dari Pengujian yang dilakukan terbukti sistem mampu bekerja mendeteksi, merekam dan mengirim hasilnya ke pengguna. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pegiriman pesan deteksi obyek sebesar 4.73 detik. Untuk request foto sampai dengan foto diterima membutuhkan waktu 5.73 detik dan untuk video membutuhkan waktu 14.86 detik.Kata kunci: Keamanan rumah, Raspberry Pi, IoT, Sensor PIR, Telegram MessengerABSTRACTMany people install surveillance system at home to monitor when the house is empty. But there is no direct notification to the homeowner when unwanted person is detected by the surveillance system. Another drawback is that the camera remains a video recording even though no activity is detected. These research designs home security systems based on the IoT using Telegram Messenger. The way the system works is when the PIR sensor detects the presence of human being objects, the Raspberry Pi camera will take photos and send the results to the user via the Telegram Messenger. The bot on the Telegram Messenger will offer 2 features that can be selected by users, which are taking photos or videos. The results of performance test of the system, show that the maximum distance of the object against the sensor that can be detected is  6 meters. The system proved able to work to detect, record and send the results to the user. Average time for the delivery of alert messages is 4.73 seconds. Time needed to process photo request until received by users are 5.73 seconds and 14.86 seconds respectively.Keywords: Home security, Raspberry Pi, IoT, PIR Sensor, Telegram Messenger