bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of New Organometallic Compounds with Platinum‐Carbon Bond
Authors: Barbanente Alessandra , Margiotta Nicola , Pacifico Concetta , Intini Francesco P. , Natile Giovanni
Published: December 2019

Organometallic compounds of platinum containing ortho metalated para‐nitro‐benzamidate or 1‐naphthalene‐methylamine have been prepared by one‐pot synthesis. The para‐nitro‐benzamidate [Pt{K2C,N‐pNO2‐C6H4C(O)NH}(R,R‐DACH)] (compound 2) was obtained starting from [PtCl2(R,R‐DACH)] and para‐nitro‐benzonitrile, which, in the reaction conditions, hydrolyzes to the corresponding amide and forms the dinuclear intermediate [Pt2{µ‐N,O‐pNO2‐C6H4C(O)NH}2(R,R‐DACH)2]SO4 (compound 1·SO4) with HH or HT arrangement of the two bridging amidato ligands. Compound 1·SO4, kept at 90 °C for few hours, transforms into 2. The ortho‐metalated PtII derivative with 1‐naphthalene‐methylamine [PtCl{K2C,N‐C10H6CH2NH2}(DMSO)] (3) was obtained by direct reaction of [PtCl2(DMSO)2] with the amine. Unlike compound 2 that has no labile ligands, compound 3 has Cl and DMSO ligands that can be released, allowing the formation of cross‐links with DNA. Oxidation of 3 to the PtIV counterpart was performed with PhICl2 (compound 4). Unexpectedly, although six‐coordinate complexes of PtIV are considered to be inert, 4 underwent spontaneous isomerization from the mer to the fac isomer. All compounds have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, which has enabled complete assignment of all proton resonances. In the case of compound 2, a single‐crystal X‐ray investigation was also performed, showing, with the only exception of the puckered cyclohexane ring, a complete planarity of the complex frame, which could favor an intercalative interaction with DNA.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Allenylation/6π‐Electrocyclization and 1,3‐Hydrogen Migration: an Access to Naphtho[1,2‐b]furans
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Han Yu , Li Mengyuan , Zhou Xuemei , Kong Lingkai , Li Yanzhong
Published: December 2019

A novel Pd‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of various naphtho[1,2‐b]furans from propargyl carboxylates bearing a furanyl group with organoborons is described. This cascade reaction involves Pd0‐catalyzed allenylation, 6π‐electrocyclization and 1,3‐H migration process. Control experiments suggested the base (Cs2CO3) play an essential role for the hydrogen migration. Wide substrate scope with easily accessible starting materials and good functional group tolerance indicate that this protocol may provide a general approach to construct naphtho[1,2‐b]furan frameworks which are important in natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Betaine–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Interconversions of Quinazolin‐4‐One Imidazolium Mesomeric Betaines. Sulfur, Selenium, and Borane Adduct Formation
Authors: Deev Sergey , Batsyts Sviatoslav , Sheina Ekaterina , Shestakova Tatyana S. , Khalimbadzha Igor , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Charushin Valery , Chupakhin Oleg , Paramonov Alexander S. , Shenkarev Zakhar O. , Namyslo Jan C. , Schmidt Andreas
Published: December 2019

Reaction of N‐alkylated imidazoles with 2‐chloro‐4‐quinazolinone gave mesomeric betaines, 2‐(1‐alkyl‐1H‐imidazolium‐3‐yl)quinazolin‐4‐olates, for which three tautomeric forms of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) can be formulated, in addition to an anionic NHC after deprotonation. The NHC tautomers were trapped with sulfur, selenium, triethylborane, and triphenylborane as thiones, selenones and borane adducts, respectively. We obtained two isomers of the cyclic borane adducts, diazaboroloquinazolinones with [1,5‐a] and [5,1‐b]‐type fusion between the quinazolinone and the diazaborole rings. They correspond to two different NHC tautomers and to the anionic NHC derived thereof. The third NHC tautomer was trapped as a non‐cyclic adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination to the quinazoline oxygen atom. 2D 1H‐15N HMBC experiments of 15N‐labeled quinazolinone fragments, quantitative measurements of long‐range 1H‐15N coupling constants (JHN), and five X‐ray single crystal analyses have been carried out for the structure elucidations and to gain insight into the NMR spectroscopic properties of these compounds.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Indoline N,O‐Aminals: Unexpected Water‐Involved Cascade Reaction of 3H‐Indoles and Oxazol‐5‐(4H)ones
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Li Rui‐Qi , Zhang Xing‐Shuai , Zhao Lin , Wang Tao , Shao You‐Dong
Published: December 2019

Herein, we describe an unexpected TsOH·H2O‐mediated domino three‐component reaction of 3H‐indoles, oxazol‐5‐(4H)ones, and water, allowing rapid access to a new family of structurally unique indoline N,O‐aminals bearing a valuable α‐acylaminoamide moiety in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. The scaled‐up experiment and various transformations of the products further demonstrate the utility of this chemistry. Moreover, a preliminary study on the catalytic asymmetric version of this novel 1,2‐difunctionalization reaction is performed.
Provenance analysis and tectonic setting of the Upper Jurassic Series in Mohe Basin, northeast China: Implication for the closure of Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Chenyue , Liu Yongjiang , Zheng Changqing , Li Weimin
Published: December 2019

The Mohe Basin, to the south of Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt (MOSB) closely, is a good window into investigations of the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean during the Late Mesozoic. Sandstone samples of the Upper Jurassic Series in the Mohe Basin, Mohe, and Kaikukang formations are studied in detail in terms of petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry. All samples have low compositional and textural maturity, which are located in the areas of dissected arc and basement uplift in Dickinson's discrimination diagrams. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb zircon dating yields the youngest concordant ages of 173 ± 4 Ma and 157 ± 3 Ma for the Mohe and Kaikukang formations, respectively, which constrain the maximum sedimentary periods of them. The peak ages of all concordant ages correspond identically to the regional magmatic activities on both the Siberian Craton and Erguna Block. All samples demonstrate geochemical characteristics not so different from the upper continental crust, whose provenance is felsic in lithology and is situated in active continental margins. Thus, a Mohe foreland basin and its binary provenance are strongly suggested, with the Erguna Block – a southern source and the Siberian Craton – a northern one. Based on all the evidence above, a simple tectonic model of the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean is raised, that is, from the Triassic to the Middle Jurassic; the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate continued to subduct under the Siberian Craton and the Erguna Block, triggering intense magmatism in these areas. In the Late Jurassic, the rapid closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean caused the basement uplift and intense denudation which provided abundant sources of dissected arc and basement materials for the Mohe Basin.
Modulation of simultaneously collected hemodynamic and electrophysiological functional connectivity by ketamine and midazolam
Authors: Forsyth Anna , McMillan Rebecca , Campbell Doug , Malpas Gemma , Maxwell Elizabeth , Sleigh Jamie , Dukart Juergen , Hipp Jörg , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D.
Published: December 2019

The pharmacological modulation of functional connectivity in the brain may underlie therapeutic efficacy for several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a noninvasive method of assessing this modulation, however, the indirect nature of the blood‐oxygen level dependent signal restricts the discrimination of neural from physiological contributions. Here we followed two approaches to assess the validity of fMRI functional connectivity in developing drug biomarkers, using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)/fMRI in a placebo‐controlled, three‐way crossover design with ketamine and midazolam. First, we compared seven different preprocessing pipelines to determine their impact on the connectivity of common resting‐state networks. Independent components analysis (ICA)‐denoising resulted in stronger reductions in connectivity after ketamine, and weaker increases after midazolam, than pipelines employing physiological noise modelling or averaged signals from cerebrospinal fluid or white matter. This suggests that pipeline decisions should reflect a drug's unique noise structure, and if this is unknown then accepting possible signal loss when choosing extensive ICA denoising pipelines could engender more confidence in the remaining results. We then compared the temporal correlation structure of fMRI to that derived from two connectivity metrics of EEG, which provides a direct measure of neural activity. While electrophysiological estimates based on the power envelope were more closely aligned to BOLD signal connectivity than those based on phase consistency, no significant relationship between the change in electrophysiological and hemodynamic correlation structures was found, implying caution should be used when making cross‐modal comparisons of pharmacologically‐modulated functional connectivity.
Nonbreast cancer incidence, treatment received and outcomes: Are there differences in breast screening attendees versus nonattendees?
Authors: Walpole Euan , Dunn Nathan , Youl Philippa , Harden Hazel , Furnival Colin , Moore Julie , Taylor Kate , Evans Elizabeth , Philpot Shoni
Published: December 2019

While reductions in breast cancer mortality have been evident since the introduction of population‐based breast screening in women aged 50–74 years, participation in cancer screening programs can be influenced by several factors, including health system and those related to the individual. In our study, we compared cancer incidence and mortality for several cancer types other than breast cancer, noncancer mortality and patterns of treatment amongst women who did and did not participate in mammography screening. All women aged 50–65 years enrolled on the Queensland Electoral Roll in 2000 were included. The study population was then linked to records from the population‐based breast screening program and private fee‐for‐service screening options to establish screened and unscreened cohorts. Diagnostic details for selected cancers and cause of death were obtained from the Queensland Oncology Repository. We calculated incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios comparing screened and unscreened cohorts. Among screened compared to unscreened women, we found a lower incidence of cancers of the lung, cervix, head and neck and esophagus and an increase in colorectal cancers. Cancer mortality (excluding breast cancer) was 35% lower among screened compared to unscreened women and they were also about 23% less likely to be diagnosed with distant disease. Screened compared to unscreened women were more likely to receive surgery and less likely to receive no treatment. Our study adds further to the population data examining outcomes among women participating in mammography screening.
Minimising the inflationary impact of fiscal deficits in Africa: The role of monetary, financial and political institutions
Authors: Agoba Abel M.
Published: December 2019

This is an examination of the relationship between fiscal deficits and inflation in Africa based on the premise that the characteristics of monetary, financial and political institutions, do impact the nature of this relationship. The study hypothesizes that, the inflationary effect of fiscal deficits is minimised when the central bank is independent (CBI) and the financial market is developed enough to contain inflationary expectations. This impact is much more effective given stronger political institutions. Using a panel data spanning 1970–2012 for 48 African countries, we use a Two Stage System Generalised Methods of Moments estimator, with Windmeijer (2005) corrected SE and collapsed instruments to address the issue of instrument proliferation. We also use various measures of central bank independence, financial development and political institutional quality. Fiscal deficits are inflationary in Africa. The positive effect of fiscal deficits on inflation is weakened when the degrees of Central Bank Independence (CBI) and financial development are higher. Financial development minimises the modulating impact of lower CBI on inflationary fiscal deficits. While stronger political institutions minimise the dampening effect of high central bank turnover on inflationary fiscal deficits, it enhances the positive impact of stronger central bank independence and financial development on minimising inflationary fiscal deficits. The results are robust to varying measures of CBI, financial development, and political institutions. Africa's financial sector should therefore be developed alongside strengthening the independence of central banks and ensuring that the quality of political institutions are enhanced in order to effectively curtail inflationary fiscal deficits.
Gingivitis identification via multichannel gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix and particle swarm optimization neural network
Authors: Li Wen , Jiang Xianwei , Sun Weibin , Wang Shui‐Hua , Liu Chao , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Zhou Wei , Miao Leiying
Published: December 2019

The oral maintenance of patients with periodontal disease mainly depends on clinical examination. However, insufficient number of medical workers cannot carry out detailed oral health education for a large number of patients within limited time and provide these patients with proper and effective oral health nursing methods. In this research, our study put forward a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) based method to diagnose chronic gingivitis, which is based on multichannel gray‐levelco‐occurrence matrix (MGLCM) and particle swarm optimization neural network(PSONN). Meanwhile, different training algorithms were used as comparison groups. The data set contains 800 images: 400 chronic gingivitis images and 400 healthy gingiva images. The results certify that the specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and F1 Score of MGLCM (PSONN as a classifier) method is 78.17%, 78.23%, 78.24% ,78.20%and 78.17%, respectively. The association of MGLCM and PSONN is more accurate and efficient than approaches: NBC, WN+SVM,ELM and CLAHE+ELM.
Synthesis, reactions, and antimicrobial evaluations of new benzo[e][1,3]thiazine derivatives
Authors: Ewies Ewies F. , El‐Hag Fatma A.A.
Published: December 2019

4H‐Spiro[benzo[d][1,3]oxathiine‐2,1′‐cyclohexan]‐4‐one undergoes aminolysis with certain aromatic amines to give the respective 4‐benzenesulfonamide, Ethyl benzoate, and 4‐acetylphenyl of 4‐oxospirobenzo[e][1,3]thiazine derivatives. The Schiff bases prepared by reacting Ethyl benzoate derivative 2a with aldehydes, undergoes cyclocondensation with thioglycolic acid yielding p‐methoxyphenyl and 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl) thiazolidinone derivatives. Treatment of the benzoate derivative with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding benzohydrazide derivative which upon reaction with phenyl isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the urea and thiourea derivatives. New pyrimidine, pyridone, and imino pyridine derivatives of 4‐oxospirobenzo[e][1,3]thiazine were also successfully prepared by reacting 2b or 2c with the appropriate organic reagents. Structural elucidations for the new products were based upon compatible microanalytical and spectroscopic measurements. Besides, their biological screening indicated that they possess potent antimicrobial activity in comparison with reference drugs.
Green synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidinone and pyranopyrazole derivatives using porphyrin‐initiated amine‐functionalized PolyBCMO dendritic polymer as sonocatalyst
Authors: Avudaiappan Govindan , Unnimaya T. Jayaprakash , Asha Pallikkattil , Unnikrishnan Vettukattil , Sreekumar Krishnapillai
Published: December 2019

A novel porphyrin‐initiated amine‐functionalized poly‐3,3‐bis(chloromethyl)oxetane (PBCMO‐amine) dendritic polymer was effectively synthesized. Characterization using the UV‐vis, IR, NMR, PXRD, TG, and FE‐SEM spectroscopy and microscopy enabled one to assess the structural and morphological stability of the PBCMO‐amine. Its catalytic activity was studied in one‐pot four‐component solvent‐free synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidinone and pyranopyrazole using aldehyde, ethylacetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, and barbituric acid/malononitrile by simple ultrasonic irradiation. Because of the water‐soluble nature of PBCMO‐amine, the catalyst could be separated and reused without the loss of its activity.
CTRP3 Regulates Endochondral Ossification and Bone Remodeling During Fracture Healing
Authors: Youngstrom Daniel W. , Zondervan Robert L. , Doucet Nicole R. , Acevedo Parker K. , Sexton Hannah E. , Gardner Emily A. , Anderson JonCarlos S. , Kushwaha Priyanka , Little Hannah C. , Rodriguez Susana , Riddle Ryan C. , Kalajzic Ivo , Wong G. William , Hankenson Kurt D.
Published: December 2019

C1q/TNF‐related protein 3 (CTRP3) is a cytokine known to regulate a variety of metabolic processes. Though previously undescribed in the context of bone regeneration, high throughput gene expression experiments in mice identified CTRP3 as one of the most highly upregulated genes in fracture callus tissue. Hypothesizing a positive regulatory role for CTRP3 in bone regeneration, we phenotyped skeletal development and fracture healing in CTRP3 knockout (KO) and CTRP3 overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice relative to wild‐type (WT) control animals. CTRP3 KO mice experienced delayed endochondral fracture healing, resulting in abnormal mineral distribution, the presence of periosteal marrow compartments, and a nonunion‐like state. Decreased osteoclast number was also observed in CTRP3 KO mice, whereas CTRP3 TG mice underwent accelerated callus remodeling. Gene expression profiling revealed a broad impact on osteoblast/osteoclast lineage commitment and metabolism, including arrested progression toward mature skeletal lineages in the KO group. A single systemic injection of CTRP3 protein at the time of fracture was insufficient to phenocopy the chronic TG healing response in WT mice. By associating CTRP3 levels with fracture healing progression, these data identify a novel protein family with potential therapeutic and diagnostic value. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:00‐19966, 2020
Particular H2O dissolution mechanism in iron‐rich melt: Application to martian basaltic melt genesis
Authors: Larre Chloé , Morizet Yann , Bézos Antoine , Guivel Christèle , La Carole , Mangold Nicolas
Published: December 2019

Martian basalts are different from Earth by their iron‐rich abundance with 18 wt% FeOtot in average for Mars upper crust. The H2O dissolution mechanism in this atypical melt composition is not well understood. We have synthesized H2O‐bearing martian basaltic glass analogs (10 < FeOtot < 16 wt%) under high pressures (0.5–1.5 GPa) and temperatures (>1500°C) conditions. We used Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies to investigate the effect of H2O as well as the high FeOtot content on the molecular structure of Fe‐rich glasses. Increasing Fe content appears to inhibit the dissolution of H2O in the melt. In fact, it appears that Free OH groups are formed at relatively low H2O content in Fe‐rich melts (1 wt%), whereas they only appeared at high H2O content (~6.5 wt%) for Fe‐poor glasses. We suggest that the Free OH are bonded to Fe2+ cations in the melt forming isolating clusters of Fe (OH)2. Such configurations are suspected to induce an increase in the melt polymerization. The presence of free hydroxyls dissolved in the melt is likely to have a major impact on the genesis of aqueous fluid phase at the surface of Mars.
Probe Molecules for Pulsed‐Field‐Gradient Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments on Micelles
Authors: Lingwood Mark D. , Schepergerdes Benjamin J. , Hermosillo Deja‐Monae T. , Delgado Jalissa N. , Sanders Kaya P.
Published: December 2019

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements of surfactants suffer from fast exchange of the surfactant between the micellar aggregate and bulk solution. Therefore, hydrophobic probe molecules are commonly used to directly measure aggregate diffusion under the assumption that the probe molecules remain solubilized inside the micelles. Aggregate size is then determined or estimated from the aggregate diffusion value. Unfortunately, the probe molecule also experiences rapid exchange between the aggregate and bulk, leading to inaccurate or unreasonable micelle diffusion values, a fact that has often been ignored in the literature. In this article, we present a systematic evaluation of probe molecules in cationic and anionic surfactants, obtained by measuring the diffusion of probe molecules with varying hydrophobicity. We find that an octanol–water partition coefficient of at least ~5 is required for correct measurements of aggregate diffusion in the systems studied. Notably, some commonly used probes have a partition coefficient much lower than five and are therefore not suitable for aggregate diffusion measurements. Consideration of these results will help researchers obtain accurate results for micelle sizing or partitioning studies with pulsed‐field‐gradient NMR.
Short‐term outcomes after vascular resection for pancreatic tumors: Lessons learned from 72 cases from a single Brazilian Cancer Center
Authors: Torres Silvio Melo , Vaz da Silva Diego Greatti , Ribeiro Héber S. C. , Diniz Alessandro L. , Lobo Matheus Melo , de Godoy André Luís , de Farias Igor Correia , da Costa Wilson L. , de Jesus Victor Hugo F. , Coimbra Felipe J. F.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Pancreatic malignant tumors are resectable at diagnosis in only 15% to 20% of cases and invasion of vascular structures is commonly present. Therefore, extended resections are needed for adequate local control and negative margins. However, morbidity and mortality associated with these enlarged resections are limiting factors. The aim of this study was to correlate demographic and technical aspects that influenced early and late outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Between October 2007 and May 2019, 523 pancreatic surgeries were performed, of which 72 required vascular resections. Clinical and histopathological data, surgical techniques, and perioperative parameters were analyzed in a prospectively collected database.

Results

Of the 72 cases of vascular resection, 31 were male and 41 females with a mean age of 60.9 years (34‐81). The most commonly affected vascular structure was the portal vein (in 40.3%). Free margins were obtained in 77.8% of cases. Postoperative mortality rate at 60 days was 13.9%. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and age were the most important predictors of major complications.

Conclusion

Extended resections with vascular involvement in pancreatic surgeries are feasible and safe; furthermore, patient selection plays are key. ASA and age were the most important factors in the decision‐making process for extended resections.
Braneworld Gravity under gravitational Decoupling
Authors: León Pablo , Sotomayor Adrían
Published: December 2019

We study the Randall‐Sundrum gravity under the gravitational decoupling through the minimal geometric deformation approach (MGD‐decoupling). We show a family of new black hole solutions as well as new exact interior solutions for self‐gravitating stellar systems and we discuss the corresponding matching conditions.
Nonlinear control of three‐dimensional underactuated vehicles
Authors: Fetzer Karl L. , Nersesov Sergey , Ashrafiuon Hashem
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the derivation of robust trajectory‐tracking nonlinear control laws for general three‐dimensional vehicle models with one degree of underactuation where all of the state tracking errors are stabilized. The method is based on a novel transformation of the trajectory tracking problem into a reduced‐order error dynamics. Two traditional nonlinear controllers based on sliding mode and backstepping approaches are developed and shown to stabilize the trajectory tracking errors in presence of modeling uncertainties and bounded disturbances. The performance of the two controllers are compared in absence and presence of disturbances.
Sensitivity of river sediment transport and bridge scour to effects of flow, temperature, and sea level
Authors: Barkdoll Brian D. , Tyrrell Jennie , She Yang , Patankar Jui
Published: December 2019

Sediment transport has implications for activities such as fishing, flood control, scour countermeasures, and dredging through altered flow depths and sediment transport, bank erosion, and bridge scour. To estimate the changes in sediment transport and bridge scour, river discharge, water surface slope, water temperature, and tailwater depth (to simulate sea‐level rise) were altered in existing sediment transport and scour models. It was found that (a) in uniform flow upstream of sea‐level rise effects, sediment transport is sensitive to discharge but not to temperature; (b) in non‐uniform flow affected by sea‐level rise, sediment transport is sensitive to water surface slope and discharge but not to temperature; (3) the discharge value to restore the sediment transport rate existing before sea‐level rise is proportional to the water surface slope ratio to the fourth power; (4) the discharge value to restore the bed sediment size existing before sea‐level rise is proportional to the water surface slope ratio to the three‐fourth power; (5) abutment scour is weakly inversely proportional to the water surface slope but more strongly proportional to the discharge in a logarithmic relation; (6) pier scour is weakly proportional to the water surface slope but more strongly proportional to the discharge in a logarithmic relation; and (7) the discharge to restore both abutment and pier scour depths to their original values prior to sea‐level rise is proportional to the water surface slope ratio to the 9/25thpower. Full equations for each of these relationships are given in the article. These relationships can be used for future application and planning purposes.
Redds of brown trout in the deep channels of a hydroelectric power station
Authors: Syrjänen Jukka T. , Sivonen Kimmo , Räihä Ville , Kivinen Jouni , Sivonen Olli , Haapsalo Miska
Published: December 2019

Natural spawning redds of brown trout were surveyed for the first time in 1−6‐m deep urban channels of a hydroelectric power station (HEP) between two lakes in Finland, by scuba diving and wading. Before damming a century ago, thousands of lake migrating trout spawners ascended through the rapids to upstream spawning areas. Between 2015 and 2018, 11 trout redds were observed at depths of 250−340 cm; these may be the deepest reported in running waters. Nine redds were found at depths of 75−230 cm. The nearest redds were situated only 55 m upstream and 110 m downstream from the HEP inflow and outflow, respectively. Channel substrate and trout redds were dominated by particle size classes 32−64, 64−128, and 16−32 mm. The risk of diving in the area increased due to the high amount of litter on the riverbed. Observations of wild trout parr by local anglers provide evidence that natural spawning produces some fish in the HEP channels.
Collapse analysis of regular and irregular tall steel moment frames under fire loading
Authors: Heshmati Mahdi , Aghakouchak Ali Akbar
Published: December 2019

This study is carried out to evaluate the progressive collapse of steel buildings under fire event. To this end, a 15‐story steel structure with moment‐resisting system and composite floors is considered. The effects of various parameters such as beam section size, gravity load ratio, vertical irregularity of resisting system, and location of fire compartments on collapse modes are investigated numerically. Different temperature‐time curves are defined across the composite floors according to the Eurocode 4. It is found that local collapse of the frames at the ground floor fire is triggered by the buckling of the interior heated columns at approximately 540°C. The redistributed loads by floors delay the global collapse at least 45 min. Increasing gravity loads accelerates the global collapse of the frames significantly. The heated columns of the middle floor buckle at higher temperature compared to the ground floor heated columns and no global collapse occur due to this scenario. In general, the potential of collapse of the regular and irregular frame due to fire in the edge bay is higher compared to the fire in the middle bay. It is also found that the local and global collapse of regular frames occur earlier than irregular frames.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 1
Authors: Sakti Aditya W. , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Nakai Hiromi
Published: December 2019

The cover image is based on the Advance Review Recent advances in quantum‐mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of proton transfer mechanism in various water‐based environments by Aditya Wibawa Sakti, Yoshifumi Nishimura and Hiromi Nakai. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1419

image
Fitting the strong coupling constant with soft-drop thrust
Authors: Marzani Simone , Reichelt Daniel , Schumann Steffen , Soyez Gregory , Theeuwes Vincent
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Soft drop has been shown to reduce hadronisation effects at e+e− colliders for the thrust event shape. In this context, we perform fits of the strong coupling constant for the soft-drop thrust distribution at NLO+NLL accuracy to pseudo data generated by the Sherpa event generator. In particular, we focus on the impact of hadronisation corrections, which we estimate both with an analytical model and a Monte-Carlo based one, on the fitted value of αs(mZ). We find that grooming can reduce the size of the shift in the fitted value of αs due to hadronisation. In addition, we also explore the possibility of extending the fitting range down to significantly lower values of (one minus) thrust. Here, soft drop is shown to play a crucial role, allowing us to maintain good fit qualities and stable values of the fitted strong coupling. The results of these studies show that soft-drop thrust is a promising candidate for fitting αs at e+e− colliders with reduced impact of hadronisation effects.
A Multiple-Parameter Methodology for Placement of Tsunami Sensor Networks
Authors: Meza Joaquín , Catalán Patricio A. , Tsushima Hiroaki
Published: December 2019

A methodology to optimize the design of an offshore tsunami network array is presented, allowing determination of the placement of sensors to be used in a tsunami early warning system framework. The method improves on previous sensor location methods by integrating three commonly used tsunami forecast performance indicators as a measure of the predictive accuracy through a single cost function. The joint use of different tsunami parameters allows for a network that is less subject to bias found when using a single parameter. The resulting network performance was tested using a set of synthetic target scenarios and also verified against a model of the 2014 Pisagua event, suggesting that having such a network in place could have provided meaningful information for the hazard assessment. The small number of sensors required (three spanning nearly 700 km of the Northern Chile coast) may be useful in implementing such networks in places where funding of denser arrays is difficult.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Mammadiagnostik
Authors: Bennani-Baiti B. , Baltzer P. A. T.
Published: December 2019

Hintergrund

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wird zunehmend in der bildgebenden Mammdiagnostik eingesetzt.

Fragestellung

Was sind die wesentlichen Anwendungsgebiete und bereits verfügbaren KI-gestützten Systeme auf dem Gebiet der senologischen Radiologie?

Material und Methode

Zusammenfassung, übersichtliche Darstellung sowie Diskussion relevanter Daten aus Grundlagenarbeiten und Herstellerinformationen.

Ergebnisse

KI-gestützte Befundsysteme sind bereits seit fast 25 Jahren in der Mammadiagnostik im Einsatz, werden jedoch in den USA weitaus häufiger angewandt als in Europa. Initiale CAD-Systeme (computergestützte Diagnostik) zeichneten sich durch eine limitierte diagnostische Aussagekraft mit überproportionalen Raten falsch-positiver Befunde aus. Seit 2012 kommen Deep–Learning-Algorithmen zum Einsatz und erweitern die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der KI.

Schlussfolgerung

Derzeit gibt es keinen Algorithmus, der – nachweislich validiert – die Doppelbefundung durch zertifizierte Mammaradiologen übertrifft. In der mittelbaren Zukunft ist jedoch die Übernahme von Aufgaben durch KI absehbar: So kann die Vorselektion abnormer Studien die Arbeitslast gerade in der Früherkennung substanziell verringern. Auch die Erfassung von komplexen radiopathogenomischen Zusammenhängen und besonders ihre Translation in die klinische Praxis ist ohne KI kaum denkbar.
High-aluminum orthopyroxene megacrysts (HAOM) in the Ahvenisto complex, SE Finland, and the polybaric crystallization of massif-type anorthosites
Authors: Heinonen Aku , Kivisaari Heli , Michallik Radoslaw M.
Published: December 2019

The occurrence of high-aluminum orthopyroxene megacrysts (HAOMs) in several massif-type Proterozoic anorthosite complexes has been used as evidence of their polybaric crystallization. Here, we report such petrographic and geochemical (XRF and EMPA) evidence from HAOMs discovered in the 1.64 Ga Ahvenisto rapakivi granite—massif-type anorthosite complex in southeastern Finland. Two different types of HAOMs were recognized: type 1 HAOMs are individual, euhedral-to-subhedral crystals, and up to 15 cm in diameter, and type 2 HAOMs occur in pegmatitic pockets closely associated with megacrystic (up to 30 cm long) plagioclase. The type 1 megacrysts in particular are surrounded by complex corona structures composed of plagioclase, low-Al orthopyroxene, iddingsite (after olivine), and sulfides. Orthopyroxene crystallization pressure estimates based on an Al-in-Opx geobarometer reveal a three-stage compositional evolution in both textural HAOM types. The Al content decreases significantly from the core regions of the HAOM (4.4–7.6 wt% Al2O3), through the rims (1.3–3.6 wt%), into the host rock (0.5–1.5 wt%). Enstatite compositions overlap, but are generally higher in the cores (En~60–70) and rims (En~50–70) of the HAOMs than in the host rock (En~45–60) orthopyroxenes. The highest recorded Al abundances in the HAOM cores correspond to crystallization pressures of up to ~ 1.1 GPa (~ 34 km depth), whereas the HAOM rims have crystallized at lower pressures (max. ~ 0.5 GPa, 20 km depth). The highest pressure estimates for the host rock orthopyroxene were ~ 0.2 GPa (< 7 km depth). These observations confirm the polybaric magmatic evolution of the Ahvenisto anorthosites and suggest that the entire 1.65–1.55 Ga Fennoscandian rapakivi suite was emplaced at a relatively shallow level (< 7 km depth) in the upper crust. Global comparison to similar rock types reveals remarkable similarities in the petrogenetic processes controlling HAOM composition and evolution of anorthosite parental magmas.
When exotic introductions fail: updating invasion beliefs
Authors: Heersink Daniel K. , Caley Peter , Paini Dean , Barry Simon C.
Published: December 2019

Decisions regarding invasive risk of exotic species are often based on species distribution models projected onto the recipient region of interest. Such projections are essentially a measure of prior belief in the ability of an organism to invade. Whilst many decisions are made on the basis of such projections, it is less clear how such prior belief may be empirically modified on the basis of data, in particular introduction events that haven’t led to establishment. Here, using the Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) as an example, we illustrate how information on failed introduction attempts may be used to continually update our beliefs in the ability of an organism to invade per introduction, and the underlying habitat suitability for establishment. Our results show that the establishment probability ofP. viridisper fouled ship visit in the supposedly favourable northern Australian waters are much lower than initially though, and are continuing to decline. A Bayesian interpretation of our results notes the dramatic reduction in our belief of the ability ofP. viridisto invade in the light of what we estimate to be 100’s of fouled vessels per year visiting ports without any persistent populations establishing. Under a hypothetico-deductive approach we would reject the null (prior) species distribution model as being useful, and seek to find a better one that can withstand the challenge of data.
Holistic evaluation in multi-model databases benchmarking
Authors: Zhang Chao , Lu Jiaheng
Published: December 2019

A multi-model database (MMDB) is designed to support multiple data models against a single, integrated back-end. Examples of data models include document, graph, relational, and key-value. As more and more platforms are developed to deal with multi-model data, it has become crucial to establish a benchmark for evaluating the performance and usability of MMDBs. In this paper, we propose UniBench, a generic multi-model benchmark for a holistic evaluation of state-of-the-art MMDBs. UniBench consists of a set of mixed data models that mimics a social commerce application, which covers data models including JSON, XML, key-value, tabular, and graph. We propose a three-phase framework to simulate the real-life distributions and develop a multi-model data generator to produce the benchmarking data. Furthermore, in order to generate a comprehensive and unbiased query set, we develop an efficient algorithm to solve a new problem called multi-model parameter curation to judiciously control the query selectivity on diverse models. Finally, the extensive experiments based on the proposed benchmark were performed on four representatives of MMDBs: ArangoDB, OrientDB, AgensGraph and Spark SQL. We provide a comprehensive analysis with respect to internal data representations, multi-model query and transaction processing, and performance results for distributed execution.
The Ethic of Responsibility: Max Weber’s Verstehen and Shared Decision-Making in Patient-Centred Care
Authors: Hanemaayer Ariane
Published: December 2019

Whereas evidence-based medicine (EBM) encourages the translation of medical research into decision-making through clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), patient-centred care (PCC) aims to integrate patient values through shared decision-making. In order to successfully integrate EBM and PCC, I propose a method of orienting physician decision-making to overcome the different obligations set out by a formally-rational EBM and substantively-rational ethics of care. I engage with Weber’s concepts “the ethic of responsibility” andverstehenas a new model of clinical reasoning that reformulates the relationship between medical knowledge and social values, while demonstrating the relevance of the classical sociological cannon to contemporary medical humanities.
The Resilience of EU Member States to the Financial and Economic Crisis
Authors: Alessi Lucia , Benczur Peter , Campolongo Francesca , Cariboni Jessica , Manca Anna Rita , Menyhert Balint , Pagano Andrea
Published: December 2019

Based on the JRC conceptual framework for resilience (Manca et al. in Building a Scientific Narrative Towards a More Resilient EU Society, JRC Science for Policy Report, JRC28548, 2017), this study presents an empirical analysis of the resilience of EU Member States to the recent financial and economic crisis. We address two main research questions: (1) Which countries had a resilient outcome, in terms of both shock absorption during the crisis and recovery in its aftermath? (2) Are there pre-determined country characteristics that help to explain resilient performance? To address these questions, we first select 34 key indicators of economic performance and societal well-being, going well beyond the merely economic growth perspective. Resilience is then measured by the properties of the joint dynamic response of these variables to the crisis shock at different time horizons. Our results demonstrate substantial differences between countries in each of the resilience capacities considered. Regression analysis also reveals that certain predetermined characteristics—such as government expenditures on social protection, political stability or a favourable business environment—are strongly associated with resilient outcomes. Our methodology and findings offer lessons for monitoring resilience and for entry points for effective policy interventions in the future.
Factors associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer using real-world data: a follow-up analysis of the JBCRG-C06 Safari study
Authors: Kawaguchi Hidetoshi , Masuda Norikazu , Nakayama Takahiro , Aogi Kenjiro , Anan Keisei , Ito Yoshinori , Ohtani Shoichiro , Sato Nobuaki , Saji Shigehira , Takano Toshimi , Tokunaga Eriko , Nakamura Seigo , Hasegawa Yoshie , Hattori Masaya , Fujisawa Tomomi , Morita Satoshi , Yamaguchi Miki , Yamashita Hiroko , Yamashita Toshinari , Yamamoto Yutaka , Yotsumoto Daisuke , Toi Masakazu , Ohno Shinji
Published: December 2019

Background

Assessing survival risk is important for discussing treatment options with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients. However, there are few reports from large-scale databases on the survival risk factors in ER+ ABC. The Safari study (UMIN000015168) was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study involving 1072 Japanese patients receiving fulvestrant 500 mg mostly as a second- or later-line endocrine therapy for ER+ ABC. The follow-up data after the Safari study were examined, focusing on any relationship between clinicopathological factors and overall survival (OS) in ER+ ABC patients.

Methods

OS in patients with ER+ ABC was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses with a Cox proportional hazards model in this study.

Results

A total of 1031 cases were evaluable for OS analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (< 60 years), longer time from ABC diagnosis to fulvestrant use (≥ 3 years), no prior palliative chemotherapy before fulvestrant use, and progesterone receptor (PgR) negativity (PgR−) were significantly correlated with prolonged OS (median 7.0 years). For cases with histological or nuclear grade data, lower histological or nuclear grades were also correlated with longer OS. In recurrent metastatic cases, long disease-free interval (DFI) was not correlated with longer OS.

Conclusions

In ER+ ABC patients whose treatment history included fulvestrant, younger age, longer time from ABC diagnosis to fulvestrant use, no prior palliative chemotherapy use, PgR−, and lower histological or nuclear grade correlated positively with prolonged OS.
Nonlinear Z‐score modeling for improved detection of cognitive abnormality
Authors: Kornak John , Fields Julie , Kremers Walter , Farmer Sara , Heuer Hilary W. , Forsberg Leah , Brushaber Danielle , Rindels Amy , Dodge Hiroko , Weintraub Sandra , Besser Lilah , Appleby Brian , Bordelon Yvette , Bove Jessica , Brannelly Patrick , Caso Christina , Coppola Giovanni , Dever Reilly , Dheel Christina , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Dominguez Sophia , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Faber Kelley , Ferrall Jessica , Fishman Ann , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Deb , Ghazanfari Behnaz , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jill , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grant Ian M. , Grossman Murray , Haley Dana , Hsiao John , Hsiung Robin , Huey Edward D. , Irwin David , Jones David , Jones Lynne , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Kaufer Daniel , Kerwin Diana , Knopman David , Kraft Ruth , Kramer Joel , Kukull Walter , Lapid Maria , Litvan Irene , Ljubenkov Peter , Lucente Diane , Lungu Codrin , Mackenzie Ian , Maldonado Miranda , Manoochehri Masood , McGinnis Scott , McKinley Emily , Mendez Mario , Miller Bruce , Multani Namita , Onyike Chiadi , Padmanabhan Jaya , Pantelyat Alexander , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rademakers Rosa , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Rankin Katherine , Rascovsky Katya , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski‐Miller Emily , Sengdy Pheth , Shaw Les , Staffaroni Adam M. , Sutherland Margaret , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tartaglia Carmela , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John , Wang Ping , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Boeve Brad , Boxer Adam , Rosen Howard ,   ARTFL/LEFFTDS Consortium
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Conventional Z‐scores are generated by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. More recent methods linearly correct for age, sex, and education, so that these “adjusted” Z‐scores better represent whether an individual's cognitive performance is abnormal. Extreme negative Z‐scores for individuals relative to this normative distribution are considered indicative of cognitive deficiency.

Methods

In this article, we consider nonlinear shape constrained additive models accounting for age, sex, and education (correcting for nonlinearity). Additional shape constrained additive models account for varying standard deviation of the cognitive scores with age (correcting for heterogeneity of variance).

Results

Corrected Z‐scores based on nonlinear shape constrained additive models provide improved adjustment for age, sex, and education, as indicated by higher adjusted‐R2.

Discussion

Nonlinearly corrected Z‐scores with respect to age, sex, and education with age‐varying residual standard deviation allow for improved detection of non‐normative extreme cognitive scores.
The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management of Emerging Cryptococcus gattii Complex Infections
Authors: Diaz James H.
Published: December 2019

Cryptococcus neoformans, a soil-dwelling fungus found worldwide, can cause cryptococcosis, an opportunistic fungal infection of the lungs and central nervous system. One former member of the C neoformans complex, Cryptococcus gattii, has caused meningitis in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent persons in endemic regions in Africa and Asia. Between 1999 and 2004, C gattii caused outbreaks of human cryptococcosis in unexpected, nonendemic, nontropical regions on Vancouver Island, Canada, and throughout the US Pacific Northwest and California. C gattii was recognized as an emerging species with several genotypes and a unique environmental relationship with trees that are often encountered in the wilderness and in landscaped parks. Because C gattii infections have a high case-fatality rate, wilderness medicine clinicians should be aware of this emerging pathogen, its disease ecology and risk factors, its expanding geographic distribution in North America, and its ability to cause fatal disease in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent persons.
The Role of Individual Risk Attitudes on Old Wine Valuations
Authors: Georgantzís Nikolaos , Tisserand Jean-Christian
Published: December 2019

In this article, we report the results of an experiment designed to address the effect of risk attitudes on valuations of aged wines. We find that higher risk taking in the economic domain is associated with a significantly higher willingness to pay for an old wine. Given the increasing interest of consumers and investors in old wines, our results are applicable to the pricing of old wines and to the use of auctions as an efficient willingness to pay elicitation mechanism. (JEL Classifications: C91, D44, L66)
REPETITIVE EQUIVALENCES AND TILTING THEORY
Authors: WEI JIAQUN
Published: December 2019

Let$R$be a ring and$T$be a good Wakamatsu-tilting module with$S=\text{End}(T_{R})^{op}$. We prove that$T$induces an equivalence between stable repetitive categories of$R$and$S$(i.e., stable module categories of repetitive algebras$\hat{R}$and${\hat{S}}$). This shows that good Wakamatsu-tilting modules seem to behave in Morita theory of stable repetitive categories as that tilting modules of finite projective dimension behave in Morita theory of derived categories.