bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of Rhinophis Hemprich (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from Sri Lanka
Authors: GOWER DAVID J. , MADUWAGE KALANA
Published: February 2019

Two new species of uropeltid (shieldtail) snake are described from Sri Lanka; Rhinophis lineatus sp. nov. from Harasbedda, near Ragala, and Rhinophis zigzag sp. nov. from Bibilegama, near Passara. The new species are distinguished from congeners in morphometric and meristic external characters, and in having very distinctive colour patterns. Scale-row reduction data are presented for the two new species; this is a new development for uropeltid systematics, and its potential utility is highlighted. The nature of the overlap between the two anal scales is also highlighted as a potentially useful character. The two new species were included in previous phylogenetic analyses of allozyme and albumin immunological data, but their phylogenetic relationships are not yet well resolved.
Review of bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Mukaria Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mukariinae) with description of a new species from China
Authors: YANG LIN , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: February 2019

The bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Mukaria Distant is known to include eight species from China: M. albinotata Cai & Ge, M. bambusana Li & Chen, M. flavida Cai & Ge, M. lii sp. nov., M. maculata (Matsumura), M. nigra Kuoh & Kuoh, M. pallipes Li & Chen and M. testacea Chen, Liang & Li. One new species, M. lii sp. nov. (frp, Guizhou Province, China), is described and illustrated. A checklist of species, host plants and distribution of Mukaria are given along with a key to Chinese species.
A new Cocos-eating moth of Acria Stephens, 1834 (Lepidoptera, Peleopodidae) from China, with descriptions of its adult, larva and pupa
Authors: CHEN FUQIANG , WU CHUNSHENG
Published: February 2019

A species of Acria Stephens, 1834 is reported as new to science, namely Acria cocophaga sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of adults, genital, larval and pupal structures are all provided. The types of the species are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS).
Structure and phylogenetic significance of the sternum V glands in Trichoptera
Authors: DJERNÆS MARIE
Published: February 2019

I investigated the sternum V gland in 38 families of Trichoptera, and found it to be present in 25 of these. I found that the gland is generally present in Annulipalpia, except Dipseudopsidae, and in Spicipalpia. It is widespread in Plenitentoria, while it is often absent in Brevitentoria, especially in males. The opening is slit-like and U or crescent-shaped. There is significant variation in the cuticular structures associated with the opening ranging from no apparent modification, over scaly patches to elaborate protuberances. Gland opening muscles are associated with the gland in all families except Psychomyiidae, and are divided into 2 distinct types: One originating on the front edge of sternum VI found in Philopotamidae, Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae and Hydroptilidae; and 1 originating on the cuticle of sternum V found in all other trichopterans. The shape of the gland reservoir is variable, from round periform to reniform, elongate or compartmentalised. Muscle fibres are often associated with the reservoir, but are notably absent in Limnephilidae. I mapped characters based on gland structures on a phylogeny of Trichoptera, and discuss the results. The sternum V gland provides potentially important characters from the superorder to the species level. I discuss 2 cases where characters from the sternum V gland may solve existing phylogenetic and taxonomic puzzles: Delimitation of Dipseudopsidae versus Polycentropodidae and the relationships among the hydropsychid subfamilies.
The first Rhynchomicropteron Annandale, 1912 (Diptera, Phoridae) species from the Palearctic region, with taxonomic and faunistic notes on the fauna of Israel
Authors: LENGYEL GÁBOR DÁNIEL
Published: February 2019

The first Palearctic species of the genus Rhynchomicropteron Annandale, 1912, R. kuslitzkyi sp. n., is described from Israel. Another five species of Phoridae (Gymnophora arcuata (Meigen, 1830), Metopina heselhausi Schmitz, 1914, Microselia rivierae Schmitz, 1934, Peromitra cephalotes (Schmitz, 1922), Peromitra erythrocera (Meigen, 1830)) are recorded as new to the fauna of Israel. The previously unknown male of Microselia rivierae is described, diagnostic characters of males of the genus Microselia Schmitz, 1934 are discussed.
A new species of Brachystomella (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil
Authors: QUEIROZ GABRIEL C. , WEINER WANDA M.
Published: February 2019

The genus Brachystomella, established by Ågren (1903), is currently composed of 67 described species worldwide (Najt & Weiner 1996; Bellinger et al, 2010). Of these, 31 are known from the neotropical region (Weiner & Najt 2001), of which eight (Abrantes et al. 2010) have so far been found in Brazil: B. agrosa Wray, 1953, B. aspera (Börner, 1906), B. ceciliae Fernandes & Mendonça, 2004, B. villalobosi Cassagnau & Rapoport, 1962, B. platensis Najt & Massoud, 1974, B. septemoculata Denis, 1931 and the cosmopolitan B. parvula (Schäffer, 1896) and B. contorta Denis, 1931. The majority (53) of the species in the genus have 8+8 eyes with the exception of five species: B. septemoculata Denis, 1931 with 7+7 eyes, B. sexoculata Massoud, 1967, with 6+6 eyes, and B. chilensis (Rapoport & Rubio, 1963), B. montebella Najt & Palacios-Vargas, 1987 and B. zerpa Weiner & Najt, 2001 with 5+5 eyes. The new species is the first in the genus to have only 2+2 eyes.
Diversity, distribution and taxonomy of the Australian agathidine genera Camptothlipsis Enderlein, Lytopylus Foerster and Therophilus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae)
Authors: STEVENS NICHOLAS B. , AUSTIN ANDREW D. , JENNINGS JOHN T.
Published: February 2019

The braconid subfamily Agathidinae is a large group of koinobiont endoparasitic wasps of lepidopteran larvae. Until recently, three of the 10 agathidine genera that occur in Australia, Camptothlipsis Enderlein, Lytopylus Foerster and Therophilus Wesmael, were treated as synonyms of Bassus F. s.l. Of these three genera, Therophilus is the most speciose and widely distributed in Australia, and is one of only two agathidine genera whose members are associated with a putative mimicry complex of braconid wasps and other insects comprising species that have a distinctive black, red-orange and white colour pattern. Australian species, previously considered under Bassus s.l., have received little attention since their original description nearly 90 years ago and, not surprisingly, this earlier work is insufficient for reliable species identification. The present study updates the taxonomy of the described species, presents a more thorough assessment of intraspecific variation, and provides a key for species of Therophilus. Four new species are described that support morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on the Australian fauna: Camptothlipsis oliveri Stevens n. sp., representing the first described species for this genus in Australia, and Therophilus aalvikorum Stevens n. sp., T. mishae Stevens n. sp., and T. stephensae Stevens n. sp., whose descriptions also extend the morphological limits of Therophilus in Australia. In addition, the introduced Lytopylus rufipes (Nees von Esenbeck) is redescribed, this species representing the only member of the genus known from Australia. Significantly, two species of Therophilus, T. unimaculatus (Turner) and T. rugosus (Turner), are important parasitoids of the native Australian lepidopterans Etiella behrii Zeller (Pyralidae) and Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Tortricidae) that have become significant pests in southern and eastern Australia, as well as in several other countries.
Redescription of a little known assassin bug Caunus noctulus Hsiao (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Stenopodainae), with special reference to its sexual dimorphism
Authors: CAO LIANGMING , ZHAO PING , CAI WANZHI
Published: February 2019

The stenopodaine assassin bug, Caunus noctulus Hsiao, has a distinct sexual dimorphism. In this paper the morphological characters of this species are redescribed based on the holotype and other materials. Illustrations of habitus, head, pronotum, and other structures are provided to facilitate recognition of this little known reduviid.
Review of the yellow-bodied species of the genus Timia (Diptera: Ulidiidae) with description of two new species
Authors: GALINSKAYA TATIANA V.
Published: February 2019

Seven species of Timia Wiedemann, 1824, differing from the rest of members of this genus by yellow body are reviewed. All of them, including two new species are described and figured. Timia (Timia) zaitzevi Galinskaya sp. nov. from Kazakhstan is similar to T. (T.) testacea Portschinsky, 1892, differing by the presence of a short postero-dorsal extension of the cell bcu (not longer than the width of cell bcu), and by the presence of a silvery-white microtrichosity on mesonotum, with rows of confluent shining spots around the base of setae. Timia (Empyelocera) flaveola Galinskaya sp. nov. from Turkmenistan is similar to T. (E.) orientalis Zaitzev, 1982, but differs by the presence of a silvery-white microtrichosity on mesonotum, without confluent shining spots around bases of setae. Lectotypes are designated for Timia (Timia) testacea Portschinsky, 1892 and Timia (Empyelocera) canaliculata Becker, 1906. A key to eight species (including T. (E.) berlandi Séguy, 1953), descriptions and illustrations are provided.
Taxonomic notes on Physoderinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from China
Authors: CAO LIANGMING , TOMOKUNI MASAAKI , CAI WANZHI
Published: February 2019

Species of the small reduviid subfamily Physoderinae from China are reviewed and two species are recognized in the genus Physoderes Westwood. Physoderes esakii is formally described for Esaki’s (1931) Epirodera latithorax nom. nud. based on his unique specimen kept in the Entomological Laboratory of Kyushu University. Physoderes impexa Distant, 1903 is recorded for the first time from China with a detailed redescription. A key for these two species is also given.
Redescription and lectotype designation of Sitobion (Metobion) graminearum (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: STEKOLSHCHIKOV ANDREY V.
Published: February 2019

Sitobion (Metobion) graminearum (Mordvilko, 1919) is redescribed based on type material, earlier published data and new material. A lectotype is designated and data provided on the distribution and biology of the species.
Labuanium vitatum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), a new Indo-West Pacific species of arboreal crab
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , DAVIE PETER J. F.
Published: February 2019

A new species of Labuanium Serène & Soh, 1970, L. vitatum is described from northeastern Indian Ocean. It belongs to the L. rotundatum species-group, but is most closely related to L. scandens Ng & Liu, 2003, and L. papuomalesiacum (Nobili, 1899), the latter being here formally removed from synonymy with L. rotundatum (Hess, 1865) and raised to full species status. The new species differs from congeners by numerous characters including the structure of the male first pleopod, carapace and third maxillipeds, and by differences in proportions of the male abdominal somites.
Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male
Authors: MARKHASEVA ELENA L. , RENZ JASMIN
Published: February 2019

Two new species, Byrathis divae sp. nov. and B. penicillatus sp. nov., are described from females collected in the deep waters and at abyssal depths above the sea bed, and are the first representatives of the genus recorded from the South Atlantic. Species of Byrathis Markhaseva & Ferrari, 2005 are divided into 2 groups. The first group, which includes both new species, contains medium sized copepods (from 2.1 to 4.9 mm) with a nude genital double somite, maxillule proximal basal endite with 3 setae, maxillule exopod with 6 or more setae, and maxilla endopod with 3 worm-like and 5 brush-like sensory setae. The second group contains small species (less than 1.4 mm) that share the surface ornamentation of the genital double somite, maxillule proximal basal endite with 2 setae, maxillule exopod with 5 setae or less, and maxilla endopod with 5 worm-like plus 3 brush-like sensory setae. For the first time an adult Byrathis male is described after Byrathis arnei Schulz, 2006 from the Southern Ocean. Among males of Clausocalanoidea that possess sensory setae on maxilla and maxilliped, the Byrathis male is well defined by symmetric antennules (ancestral segments XXII–XXIII fused on both sides) and poorly expressed P5 coxa and basis asymmetry, with both exopods 3-segmented and the right leg uniramous.
A new species of Proceratophrys (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from western Brazil
Authors: ÁVILA ROBSON W. , KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO RICARDO A. , MORAIS DRAUSIO H.
Published: February 2019

A new species of Proceratophrys cristiceps group is described from western Brazil. The new species is characterized by absence of prominent palpebral appendages and postocular swellings, males measuring 44.2 ± 2.1 mm SVL (41.1–47.3 mm) and females 56.4 ± 2.8 mm SVL (52.7–59.8 mm), snout rounded in dorsal ,and obtuse in lateral views, dorsal skin uniformly rugose, with no elevated warts, and tympanum defined as a depression on the skin. The new species was found in Guaporé river drainage, a highly impacted area due to the construction of water dams.
Fennera holthuisi sp. nov., a new coral-associated pontoniine shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) from Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: MARIN IVAN
Published: February 2019

The second species of the genus Fennera Holthuis, 1951, F. holthuisi sp. nov., is described, based on a female specimen collected at Moorea, French Polynesia. The new species clearly differs from F. chacei Holthuis, 1951 by carinated dactylus of major pereiopod II (vs. flattened in F. chacei), more robust segments and feebly developed fingers of minor pereiopod II, and proportions of the distal segments of ambulatory pereiopod III. The holotype female of F. chacei Holthuis, 1951 and specimens from the type series are re-examined and re-described, based on specimens from the Pacific coast of Panama and Columbia.
Observations on the biology of Afro–tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E.
Published: February 2019

Partial life histories for 13 Afro–tropical Tagiadini (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) are described and illustrated: Eagris sabadius astoria Holland, E. s. andracne (Boisduval), E. lucetia (Hewitson), E. decastigma purpura Evans, Tagiades flesus (Fabricius), Caprona pillaana Wallengren, Netrobalane canopus (Trimen), Abantis arctomarginata Lathy, A. bamptoni Collins & Larsen, A. zambesiaca (Westwood), A. paradisea (Butler), A. meru Evans and A. venosa Trimen. Generalisations are made for the tribe in Africa. Three African groups are recognised based on early stages. The Tagiades group includes Tagiades and Eagris, and is characterised by the hair-like covering of the eggs, the absence of noticeable hairs on the caterpillar, the chordate head of the caterpillar, possibly the red colouring of young caterpillars, the presence of white waxy patches on the pupae, and the small frontal projection on the pupa. The Abantis group includes Caprona, Netrobalane and Abantis, and we assume Leucochitonea, and is characterised by the scale covering of the eggs, the rounded caterpillar head covered with branching and sub-branching hairs; the stalked stellate hairs covering the body, the pale hairless pupae with black markings, and the strong upturned bifurcate frontal projection of the pupae. The two remaining African genera, Procampta and Calleagris, appear to form a third group, characterised by no anal wool and no covering to the eggs. The Abantis group is considered to merit at least tribal status. Although all African genera include Malvaceae (including former families Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae) amongst their food plants, the range of families is diverse: Anacardiaceae, ?Cannabaceae, Erythroxylaceae, ?Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, ?Rosaceae, Sapindaceae and Violaceae (Eagris spp.), Dioscoreaceae, Malvaceae, ?Rutaceae (Tagiades flesus), Malvaceae (Caprona pillaana and Netrobalane canopus), and Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Sapindaceae (Abantis spp.).
New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from south-eastern Asia, with notes on other species III
Authors: ŠVIHLA VLADIMÍR
Published: February 2019

New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae are described and illustrated: Taocantharis gen. nov. (type species: Islamocantharis businskae Wittmer, 1997), Themus (Telephorops) kubani sp. nov. (N Laos), T. (Tel.) micheli sp. nov. (N Laos), Lycocerus murzini sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. unguiformis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. nigrosericeus sp. nov. (N Thailand), L. sipekorum sp. nov. (India: Arunachal Pradesh), L. dilatatus sp. nov. (China: Guizhou), L. pacholatkoi sp. nov. (C Laos), L. costipennis sp. nov. (S Vietnam), L. vita sp. nov. (N Laos), L. wolfgangi sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. putzi sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), L. rubroniger sp. nov. (N Laos), L. marginalis sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), L. nakladali sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), L. krausi sp. nov. (N Laos), L. verticalis sp. nov. (N Myanmar), Stenothemus prothemoides sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. hajeki sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. dinshuiensis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan), S. distortus sp. nov. (N Laos), S. kubani sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. yanmenensis sp. nov. (China: Yunnan), S. tamil sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu), S. honza sp. nov. (India: Mahārāshtra), Prothemus kubani sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and P. blankae sp. nov. (China: Yunnan). Taiwanocantharis Wittmer, 1984 stat. nov. is raised to generic rank (from subgenus of Cantharis Linnaeus, 1758). New combinations are proposed: Taiwanocantharis drahuska (Švihla, 2004) comb. nov. (from Cordicantharis Švihla, 1999), T. chumbiensis (Champion, 1926) comb. nov., T. dedicata (Švihla, 2005) comb. nov., T. inthanonensis (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. kambaitiensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. malaisei (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. metallipennis (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. pallidithorax (Wittmer, 1984) comb. nov., T. quinquenotatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., T. seinghukuensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. satoi (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. shergaoensis (Wittmer, 1989) comb. nov., T. thibetana (Gorham, 1889) comb. nov., T. thibetanomima (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov., T. tripunctata (Wittmer, 1984) comb. nov. (all from Cantharis) and Taocantharis businskae (Wittmer, 1997) comb. nov. (from Islamocantharis Wittmer & Magis, 1987). Key for species similar to Lycocerus nigrolineatus Pic, 1914 is provided and new data and/or illustrations are given for Lycocerus svatopluki Švihla, 2004, L. nigrolineatus Pic, 1914, Stenothemus jindrai Švihla, 2004, S. bourgeoisi Wittmer, 1974, S. quadratithorax (Pic, 1917), Prothemus opacipennis (Pic, 1906) and P. svihlai Wittmer, 1987.
Notes on the genus Prismosticta (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) with description of a new species from China
Authors: WANG XING , HUANG GUO-HUA , WANG MIN
Published: February 2019

The bombycid genus Prismosticta was established by Butler in 1880 with P. fenestrata as its type species. The genus is mainly distributed in Asian countries: Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar (Holloway, 1987; Chu & Wang, 1993, 1996; Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009). Recently, Kishida & Wang (2011) synonymized P. sinica Yang, 1995 with P. fenestrata Butler, 1880, leaving five species in the genus. Chu & Wang (1993) described ‘Prismosticta unihyala’ based on two male specimens collected from the Wuyishan Mountains, Fujian Province, China, but it is distinctly separated from other Prismosticta species by the following characters: uncus with a long dorsal uncuslike projection arising from the base of uncus, and valvae asymmetrical. We consider that ‘Prismosticta unihyala’ does not belong to any named genus, and will address this issue elsewhere.
The Onthophagus fuscus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species complex: an update and the description of a new species
Authors: JOAQUI TATIANA , MOCTEZUMA VICTOR , SÁNCHEZ-HUERTA JOSÉ LUIS , ESCOBAR FEDERICO
Published: February 2019

The Onthophagus fuscus Boucomont, 1932 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) species complex has a total of eight species, one of which is a new species (Onthophagus orizabensis new species) and three are elevated from the subspecies level (O. canescens Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new rank; O. mycetorum Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new rank; O. parafuscus Zunino & Halffter, 2005 new rank). Onthophagus navarretorum Delgado & Capistan, 1996 is included, while Onthophagus semiopacus has been removed from the species complex. The distribution map and key for the identification of species in this species complex are updated. Habitat preferences, ecological tolerance, and the restriction of this species complex to the mountains of the Mexican Transition Zone are discussed.
Solving a long-standing nomenclatorial controversy: designation of a neotype for the southern sea lion Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Authors: LUCERO SERGIO , RODRÍGUEZ SARA M. , TETA PABLO , CASSINI GUILLERMO , D’ELÍA GUILLERMO
Published: February 2019

During almost two centuries, two available specific epithets have competed for the southern sea lions of the genus Otaria Péron, 1816 (Fig. 1), which is classically regarded as monotypic (but see below). The species distributes more or less continuously along the Atlantic coast from southern Brazil south to Cape Horn and along the Pacific from northern Peru to the west South American Pacific coast . While some researchers have argued that the correct name for this species is Phoca flavescens Shaw, 1800 (e.g., Cabrera, 1940, Rice, 1977; Rodriguez & Bastida, 1993; Teta et al., 2018), others have used P. byronia de Blainville, 1820 (e.g., Allen, 1905; Hamilton, 1934; King, 1978, Oliva, 1988; Berta & Churchill, 2012). This controversy originates from the fact that the diagnosis of the type of flavescens, the oldest epithet and as such the one that has priority, would not match the phenotypic features of the genus Otaria. This view, which favors the usage of byronia for populations of southern sea lions, was strongly defended by Oliva (1988:768), who argued that “…(1) the total length of the holotype [of flavescens]; (2) the size of the external ear; and (3) the color and length of the specimen’s fur do not correspond to any developmental stage of the species.” However, Rodríguez and Bastida (1993:378) discussed these same features reaching a very different conclusion, by indicating that “Shaw’s holotype, collected in the Strait of Magellan, could only have been a newborn pup of Otaria or Arctocephalus australis; its body size (circa 62 cm) could correspond to either species, but the uniform yellowish color is found exclusively in some molted pups of the Southern sea lion. Ear length, though not matching well with the described body length, lies within the recorded range of Otaria, but outside that for Arctocephalus australis.”
Three New South African Embrithini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN
Published: February 2019

Three new species of Embrithini from South Africa are described: Heisonyx griseoviridis sp. nov., H. oberprieleri sp. nov., and Porpacus wanati sp. nov. The male of Heisonyx giustocaroli Borovec, Colonnelli & Osella, 2009 is newly described.
Combined Effects of the MJO and the Arctic Oscillation on the Intraseasonal Eastern China Winter Temperature Variations
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang
Published: February 2019

The present study reveals that the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-related temperature anomalies over East Asia have notable differences among positive, neutral, and negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) phases. In MJO phases 2–3, cold anomalies over eastern China occur mainly during positive AO. In MJO phase 7, warm anomalies over eastern China are observed mostly during neutral AO, and in MJO phase 8 warm anomalies appear in positive and neutral AO. Regional mean temperature anomalies over northeastern East Asia tend to be negative during negative AO but positive during positive AO in six of eight MJO phases. In MJO phases 2–3, the AO-related mid- to high-latitude wave train over Eurasia and the MJO convection-triggered poleward wave train work together in contributing to negative height anomalies over eastern China and leading to cold anomalies there. The mid- to high-latitude wave train is stronger when the AO is negative than positive, which is associated with stronger zonal winds. In MJO phases 7–8, the positive AO-related mid- to high-latitude wave train over Eurasia and the MJO-induced poleward wave train cooperate in inducing positive height anomalies and leading to warm anomalies over eastern China. The mid- to high-latitude wave train is the main contributor to negative height anomalies over eastern China when the AO is negative during MJO phases 7–8. Meanwhile, the intensity of the South Asian wave source associated with the MJO convection is subjected to the modulation of southeastward dispersion of wave energy from western Europe during negative AO.
Mergers and Innovation
Authors: Régibeau Pierre , Rockett Katharine E.
Published: February 2019

Do mergers raise substantial additional issues when the parties have significant innovation programs? To answer this, we examine the merger-related efficiencies that arise only with substantial innovation, arguing that innovation-intensive mergers should be treated more leniently than mergers without this dynamic dimension. We provide guidance on evidence that might determine the magnitude of such efficiencies. Next, we argue that where innovation is “directed” towards a product market, dealing with product line overlap should allay concerns about postmerger innovation. If research is not directed, we argue that theories of harm linked to the product market are unconvincing. Instead, one should look at theories of harms in the innovation market, which stem from the advantage in being first to innovate. Such first-mover advantages can be rooted in patent protection, switching costs, or network effects. This approach helps explain some of the remedies recently imposed on transactions such as Dow-Dupont and Bayer-Monsanto.
Innovation Effects in Dow/DuPont: A Patent Analysis
Authors: Wilson Michaela
Published: February 2019

In March 2017, the European Commission conditionally approved the Dow/DuPont merger. It was found that the transaction would lead to the significant impediment of innovation competition in the crop protection industry, specifically in the markets for herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. As a result, the decision requires the divestiture of DuPont’s entire crop protection pipeline and global research and development organization. The aim of this article is to explore through patent analysis whether and to what extent the merging parties are competing in the relevant innovation spaces. The results are compared and contrasted to the findings of the Commission in the agricultural chemicals, seeds, and materials science markets.
Redistributive Preferences and Protests in Latin America
Authors: Justino Patricia , Martorano Bruno
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes the role of individual redistributive preferences on protest participation. The article focuses on Latin America, a region that has experienced substantial protests and demonstrations in the last decade, making use of individual-level data on redistributive preferences and protest participation collected across eighteen countries in 2010, 2012, and 2014. The results show evidence for an association between strong individual preferences for redistribution and participation in protests motivated by the low quality of services and institutions, failures to reduce corruption, and perceived lower standards of living. The results are robust to alternative estimators, samples, and model specifications and not affected by endogeneity concerns.
Effects of grammatical category and morphology on fast mapping in typically developing and late talking toddlers
Authors: Rujas Irene , Casla Marta , Mariscal Sonia , Lázaro López-Villaseñor Miguel , Murillo Sanz Eva
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine early fast mapping abilities in late talkers (LT) and typically developing (TD) Spanish-speaking children by considering the effect of different variables on fast mapping (age, vocabulary level, grammatical category and number morphology). Thirty-eight Spanish-speaking children were assessed at three times (21 to 24 months at the beginning of the study). A group of LT was matched in age with a TD control group. They completed a fast mapping task with a disambiguation phase and an extension phase. Results show that vocabulary level and age interact with grammatical category and number morphology. TD children’s performance was significantly higher than LT children’s, but these differences decreased with age. Results suggest that the incorporation of new labels does not work automatically; some children may need repeated exposures to word–referent pairings. Longitudinal results suggest the importance of looking at the dynamics of lexical acquisition in addition to vocabulary size.
Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation: General Applicability in a Teaching Unit
Authors: Hey Shi Ying , Koo Ng Nigel K. F. , McGarry Gerald W.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL) is the intervention of choice for refractory epistaxis in specialist ear, nose and throat (ENT)units and should be within the repertoire of competencies for all ENT trainees. Following its recent incorporation within the United Kingdom competency–based training syllabus as an explicit outcome standard, the ESPAL is not uncommonly being delivered by trainees under appropriate supervision. We assessed the efficacy and outcome of ESPAL in epistaxis management within our teaching hospitals.

Methods:

Retrospective, structured review of all ESPAL procedures performed for epistaxis between December 2005 and December 2013. The techniques of ligation, operator grade, and outcome were studied.

Results:

Sixty-five patients (41 male:24 female; average age of 58.2 years) were identified in whom 67 artery ligations were performed (63 unilateral; 2 bilateral). Overall, success rate of ESPAL was 92.3% (60/65), with 5 rebleed cases recorded within 30 days of the primary procedure. Sixteen (24.6%) underwent “clipping,” 26 (40.0%) had diathermy ligation, 18 (27.7%) had both clipping and diathermy, and in 5 (7.7%) patients, the ligation technique was not recorded. In 31 (47.7%) of 65 cases, a consultant was the principal surgeon. The remaining 34 (52.3%) of 65 cases were performed by trainees with (24, 70.6%) or without (10, 29.4%) supervision. There was no correlation between rebleed and operators’ grade, level of supervision, or ligation technique.

Conclusion:

With appropriate training, ESPAL can achieve hemostasis in teams of varying grades of operators without significant reduction in outcome. To further enhance the technical learning curve, the utility of simulation-based training could offer continuous and longitudinal development of skills.
Seborrheic Keratosis in the Auricle: A Rare Tumor
Authors: Hong Chang Eui , Kim Yeejeong , Choi Hyun Seung , Jeong Junhui
Published: February 2019

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a common, benign, cutaneous skin tumor of the elderly patients. It is commonly observed in the head, neck, trunk, and extremities except the palms and soles. Its occurrence in the auricle has been reported even more rarely than in external auditory canal. We experienced rare SK in the auricle that was completely removed and did not recur.
Revised Versions
Authors: Mahan David C.
Published: February 2019

This article explores how poetry can shape our biblical reading practices by examining three poems by three well-known contemporary poets—Scott Cairns, Mary Szybist, and Lucille Clifton. Paying particular attention to form, it considers how the poetic devices of each offer creative ways of reading the biblical text and open up fresh consideration of meaning and meaning-making. One of the features of these poems is how they relate spatially to the biblical text each regards: beside the biblical text, inside the text, and beyond the text.
“In forgetting thou rememb’rest right”
Authors: Prakas Tessie
Published: February 2019

This article revisits the preoccupation with impermanence central to John Donne's Songs and Sonnets by considering how Donne's speakers describe themselves as embedded in unstable metaphors of their own making. The speakers in “The Relic” and “A Valediction of my Name in the Window” use metaphor to navigate questions of romantic and erotic agency, deliberately metaphorizing themselves as a strategy for self-preservation that nonetheless renders them profoundly vulnerable. Their fears that their readers may misapprehend their metaphors – whether by accident or by design – are also legible, I argue, as concerns about the power that comes with understanding them correctly as metaphors.
Feasibility of a Symptom Management Intervention for Honduran Adults Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Bejarano Suyapa , Freed Meghan E. , Zeron Darwin , Medina Rennie , Zuniga-Moya Julio Cesar , Kennedy Linda , Bruce Martha L. , Zubkoff Lisa , Bakitas Marie A. , Lyons Kathleen Doyle
Published: February 2019

Evidence-based interventions often need to be adapted to maximize their implementation potential in low-to middle-income countries. A single-arm feasibility study was conducted to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-delivered, nurse-led, symptom management intervention for adults undergoing chemotherapy in Honduras. Over the course of 6 months, nurses engaged 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy in the intervention. Each participant received an average of 16.2 attempts to contact them for telephone sessions ( SD = 8.0, range = 2-28). Collectively, the participants discussed 24 different types of symptoms. The most commonly discussed symptoms were pain (12%), nausea (7%), and constipation (5%). Qualitative and quantitative data were used to identify treatment manual modifications (i.e., adding content about different symptoms and addressing scheduling of treatment) and workplace modifications (i.e., dedicated nurse time and space) that are needed to optimize implementation of the intervention.
A complex case of aortic arch interruption and hypoplastic descending aorta
Authors: Pérez-Andreu Joaquín , Fernández-Doblas Joaquín , Giralt García Gemma , Roses Ferran , Abella Raúl F
Published: February 2019

The case of a newborn with a post-ductal interrupted aortic arch combined with severe hypoplasia of the thoracic descending aorta and intracardiac defects is described. Extraanatomic bypass surgery was performed in the neonatal period to connect the ascending and descending parts of the aorta. Closure of a ventricular septal defect and excision of hypertrophied bands in the right ventricle with subsequent ventriculotomy were delayed beyond neonatal age.
Metabolite concentration changes associated with positive and negative BOLD responses in the human visual cortex: A functional MRS study at 7 Tesla
Authors: Boillat Yohan , Xin Lijing , van der Zwaag Wietske , Gruetter Rolf
Published: February 2019

Negative blood oxygenation–level dependent (BOLD) signal observed during task execution in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be caused by different mechanisms, such as a blood-stealing effect or neuronal deactivation. Electrophysiological recordings showed that neuronal deactivation underlies the negative BOLD observed in the occipital lobe during visual stimulation. In this study, the metabolic demand of such a response was studied by measuring local metabolite concentration changes during a visual checkerboard stimulation using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) at 7 Tesla. The results showed increases of glutamate and lactate concentrations during the positive BOLD response, consistent with previous fMRS studies. In contrast, during the negative BOLD response, decreasing concentrations of glutamate, lactate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were found, suggesting a reduction of glycolytic and oxidative metabolic demand below the baseline. Additionally, the respective changes of the BOLD signal, glutamate and lactate concentrations of both groups suggest that a local increase of inhibitory activity might occur during the negative BOLD response.
Signal variance-based collateral index in DSC perfusion: A novel method to assess leptomeningeal collateralization in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Seiler Alexander , Lauer Arne , Deichmann Ralf , Nöth Ulrike , Herrmann Eva , Berkefeld Joachim , Singer Oliver C , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Klein Johannes C , Wagner Marlies
Published: February 2019

As a determinant of the progression rate of the ischaemic process in acute large-vessel stroke, the degree of collateralization is a strong predictor of the clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy and may influence clinical decision-making. Therefore, the assessment of leptomeningeal collateralization is of major importance. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a quantitative and observer-independent method for assessing leptomeningeal collateralization in acute large-vessel stroke based on signal variance characteristics in T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI). Voxels representing leptomeningeal collateral vessels were extracted according to the magnitude of signal variance in the PWI raw data time series in 55 patients with proximal large-artery occlusion and an intra-individual collateral vessel index (CVIPWI) was calculated. CVIPWI correlated significantly with the initial ischaemic core volume (rho = −0.459, p = 0.0001) and the PWI/DWI mismatch ratio (rho = 0.494, p = 0.0001) as an indicator of the amount of salvageable tissue. Furthermore, CVIPWI was significantly negatively correlated with NIHSS and mRS at discharge (rho = −0.341, p = 0.015 and rho = −0.305, p = 0.023). In multivariate logistic regression, CVIPWI was an independent predictor of favourable functional outcome (mRS 0–2) (OR = 16.39, 95% CI 1.42–188.7, p = 0.025). CVIPWI provides useful rater-independent information on the leptomeningeal collateral supply in acute stroke.
The Academic Response-to-Failure Scale: Predicting and Increasing Academic Persistence Post-Failure
Authors: Zemack-Rugar Yael , Corus Canan , Brinberg David
Published: February 2019

When students experience failure in the pursuit of a marketing degree (e.g., on a test or a course), do they persist or relent their academic efforts? Relenting can lead to long-term academic failure and severe negative consequences for students, universities, and society. Thus, identifying students prone to relenting and directing resources to help them persist is important. We address this need by leveraging prior research on the response-to-failure construct to develop and validate a new measure: the Academic Response-to-Failure Scale. Two studies validate the measure, and two additional studies show that it predicts post-failure persistence and relenting more effectively than 12 related measures. Because the scale uses students’ chronic cognitive and emotional responses to subgoal failure to predict post-failure relenting, it can be applied to design interventions that modify these responses to improve persistence. A final study tests one such intervention, showing that it improves post-failure persistence, particularly for students who otherwise tend to relent. We provide recommendations on how the Academic Response-to-Failure Scale can be used to identify vulnerable students, to design interventions that can help increase these students’ persistence, and to target those interventions and create meaningfully differentiated learning environments.
The learning curve in blind bedside postpyloric placement of spiral tubes: data from a multicentre, prospective observational study
Authors: Sun Cheng , Lv Bo , Zheng Wei , Hu Linhui , Ouyang Xin , Hu Bei , Zhang Yanlin , Wang Hao , Ye Heng , Zhang Xiunong , Lan Huilan , Chen Lifang , Chen Chunbo
Published: February 2019

Objective

This study sought to quantify the learning curve for the blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube in critically ill patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 127 consecutive experiences of three intensivists who performed comparable procedures of blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube subsequent to failed self-propelled transpyloric migration in a multicentre study. Each intensivist’s cases were divided chronologically into two groups for analysis. The assessment of the learning curve was based on efficiency and safety outcomes.

Results

All intensivists achieved postpyloric placement for over 80% of their patients. The junior intensivist showed major improvement in both efficiency and safety outcomes, and the learning curve for both outcomes was approximately 20 cases. The junior intensivist showed a significant increase in the success rate of proximal jejunum placement and demonstrated a substantial decrease in the major adverse tube-associated events rate. The time to insertion significantly decreased in each intensivist as case experience accumulated.

Conclusions

Blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube involves a significant learning curve, indicating that this technique could be readily acquired by intensivists with no previous experience using an adequate professional training programme.
High serum potassium level is associated with successful electrical cardioversion for new-onset atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Kyo Michihito , Hosokawa Koji , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Kida Yoshiko , Tanabe Yuko , Ota Kohei , Shime Nobuaki
Published: February 2019

Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a potentially life-saving treatment for haemodynamically unstable new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF); however, its efficacy is unsatisfactory. We aimed to elucidate the factors associated with successful ECV and prognosis in patients with AF. This retrospective observational study was conducted in two mixed intensive care units (ICUs) in a university hospital. Patients with new-onset AF who received ECV in the ICU were enrolled. We defined an ECV session as consecutive shocks within 15 minutes. The success of ECV was evaluated five minutes after the session. We analysed the factors associated with successful ECV and ICU mortality. Eighty-five AF patients who received ECV were included. ECV was successful in 41 (48%) patients, and 11 patients (13%) maintained sinus rhythm until ICU discharge. A serum potassium level ≥3.8 mol/L was independently associated with successful ECV in multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR), 3.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–9.11; p = 0.04). Maintenance of sinus rhythm until ICU discharge was significantly associated with ICU survival (OR 9.35; 95% CI 1.02–85.78, p = 0.048). ECV was successful in 48% of patients with new-onset AF developed in the ICU. A serum potassium level ≥3.8 mol/L was independently associated with successful ECV, and sinus rhythm maintained until ICU discharge was independently associated with ICU survival. These results suggested that maintaining a high serum potassium level may be important when considering the effectiveness of ECV for AF in the ICU.
Minimum 10-Year Results of Single- Versus Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical, Radiologic, and Survivorship Outcomes
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Kim Eung Ju , Kwon Yoo Beom , Kim Sang-Gyun
Published: February 2019

Background:

Biomechanical studies have shown that double-bundle (DB) posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR) is better than single-bundle (SB) PCLR in restoring normal biomechanical function and stability. However, most clinical studies report no differences between the technical methods, and there is yet no long-term clinical comparative study.

Hypothesis:

DB PCLR would show superior results and survivorship outcomes to those of SB PCLR in long-term follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively evaluated 64 patients who underwent primary PCLR between 2000 and 2008 and were followed up for a minimum of 10 years: 28 patients underwent SB PCLR (mean ± SD: age, 29.1 ± 12.2 years), and 36 underwent DB PCLR (age, 27.0 ± 9.2 years). Clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, Lysholm score, Tegner activity score), side-to-side difference in stress radiographs, osteoarthritis progression, and survival rate were compared between the SB and DB groups at the last follow-up.

Results:

At the final follow-up, all clinical scores showed no significant differences between the SB and DB groups. The mean side-to-side difference in stress radiographs (SB, 5.3 ± 3.5 mm; DB, 5.0 ± 3.8 mm; P = .828) and osteoarthritis progression (SB, 14.3%; DB, 13.9%; P = .964) were not different between the groups. The 15-year survival rate was 82.1% for SB PCLR and 83.7% for DB PCLR.

Conclusion:

Both the SB and DB techniques for PCLR showed satisfactory long-term clinical results and survivorship outcomes. There were no significant differences between SB and DB PCLR in clinical, radiologic, and survivorship outcomes at a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

Clinical Relevance:

DB PCLR did not show superior clinical results to those of SB PCLR in the long-term follow-up. These results should be considered in the surgical planning for PCLR.
Corrosion and bone healing of Mg-Y-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy implants: Comparative in vivo study in a non-immobilized rat femoral fracture model
Authors: Chou Da-Tren , Hong Daeho , Oksuz Sinan , Schweizer Riccardo , Roy Abhijit , Lee Boeun , Shridhar Puneeth , Gorantla Vijay , Kumta Prashant N
Published: February 2019

Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit improved mechanical properties compared to degradable polymers while degrading in vivo circumventing the complications of permanent metals, obviating the need for surgical removal. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of Mg-Y-Zn-Zr-Ca (WZ42) alloy compared to non-degradable Ti6Al4V over a 14-week follow-up implanted as pins to fix a full osteotomy in rat femurs and as wires wrapped around the outside of the femurs as a cerclage. We used a fully load bearing model allowing implants to intentionally experience realistic loads without immobilization. To assess systemic toxicity, blood cell count and serum biochemical tests were performed. Livers and kidneys were harvested to observe any accumulation of alloying elements. Hard and soft tissues adjacent to the fracture site were also histologically examined. Degradation behavior and bone morphology were determined using micro-computed tomography scans. Corrosion occurred gradually, with degradation seen after two weeks of implantation with points of high stress observed near the fracture site ultimately resulting in WZ42 alloy pin fracture. At 14 weeks however, normal bone healing was observed in femurs fixed with the WZ42 alloy confirmed by the presence of osteoid, osteoblast activity, and new bone formation. Blood testing exhibited no significant changes arising from the WZ42 alloy compared to the two control groups. No recognizable differences in the morphology and more importantly, no accumulation of Mg, Zn, and Ca in the kidney and liver of rats were observed. These load bearing model results collectively taken, thus demonstrate the feasibility for use of the Mg-Y-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy for long bone fracture fixation applications.