bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic Radius Mismatch: A Key Parameter for Design and Synthesis of High‐Entropy Physical Vapor Deposition Coatings—Review
Authors: Lotfi‐Khojasteh Erfan , Elmkhah Hassan , Nouri Meisam , Mayrhofer Paul Heinz
Published: January 2024

High‐entropy metal sublattice coatings (HESCs) prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) have received attention due to their diverse range of properties and applications. One of the most critical requirements for their synthesis is the prediction and control of their widespread properties, and several efforts have been undertaken using various thermodynamical parameters. The majority of these predictions concentrate on high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) while high‐entropy ceramics receive little attention. One of the most important parameters to control the structure and properties of HEAs is their atomic radius mismatch (δr), which is applied to crystalline, amorphous, and composite (amorphous matrix, crystalline matrix, and multilayer) HESCs. Based on the relationships between δr and structure, mixing enthalpy (ΔHmix), electronegativity difference (Δχ), ion bonding percentage (IBPHE), mechanical properties (including hardness, H, and Young's modulus, E), and wear performance descriptors (H/E and H3/E2 ratios), a δr‐based map to aid the design and selection of elements for HESCs is provided.
Materials Design Innovations in Optimizing Cellular Behavior on Melt Electrowritten (MEW) Scaffolds
Authors: Devlin Brenna L. , Allenby Mark C. , Ren Jiongyu , Pickering Edmund , Klein Travis J. , Paxton Naomi C. , Woodruff Maria A.
Published: January 2024

The field of melt electrowriting (MEW) has seen significant progress, bringing innovative advancements to the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds, and creating new possibilities for applications in tissue engineering and beyond. Multidisciplinary collaboration across materials science, computational modeling, AI, bioprinting, microfluidics, and dynamic culture systems offers promising new opportunities to gain deeper insights into complex biological systems. As the focus shifts towards personalized medicine and reduced reliance on animal models, the multidisciplinary approach becomes indispensable. This review provides a concise overview of current strategies and innovations in controlling and optimizing cellular responses to MEW scaffolds, highlighting the potential of scaffold material, MEW architecture, and computational modeling tools to accelerate the development of efficient biomimetic systems. Innovations in material science and the incorporation of biologics into MEW scaffolds have shown great potential in adding biomimetic complexity to engineered biological systems. These techniques pave the way for exciting possibilities for tissue modeling and regeneration, personalized drug screening, and cell therapies.
Biochemotaxis‐Oriented Engineering Bacteria Expressing GLP‐1 Enhance Diabetes Therapy by Regulating the Balance of Immune
Authors: Wang Yifei , Shi Yupeng , Peng Xueyuan , Li Tongtong , Liang Chenglin , Wang Wenhao , Zhou Mengyang , Yang Jiali , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Zhenzhong , Hou Lin
Published: January 2024

Glucagon like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an effective hypoglycemic drug that can repair the pancreas β cells and promote insulin secretion. However, GLP‐1 has poor stability and lacks of target ability, which makes it difficult to reach the site of action to exert its efficacy. Here, GLP‐1‐expressing plasmids are introduced into the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and a lipid membrane is formed through simple self‐assembly on its surface, resulting in an oral delivery system (LEG) capable of resisting the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The system utilizes the chemotactic properties of probiotics to achieve efficient enrichment at the pancreatic site, and protects islet β cells from destruction by regulating the balance of immune cells. More interestingly, LEG not only continuously produces GLP‐1 to restore pancreatic islet β cell function and secrete insulin to control blood sugar levels, but also regulates the intestinal flora and increases the richness and diversity of probiotics. In mice diabetes models, oral administration of LEG only once every other day has good biosafety and compliance, and achieves long‐term control of blood glucose. Therefore, this strategy not only provides an oral delivery platform for pancreatic targeting, but also opens up new avenues for reversing diabetes.
Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Ghasemlou Mehran , PN Navya , Alexander Katia , Zavabeti Ali , Sherrell Peter C. , Ivanova Elena P. , Adhikari Benu , Naebe Minoo , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: January 2024

Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well‐defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer‐related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large‐scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high‐performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
Flexible Manipulated Interference Lithography Incorporating Modulated Optical Fourier Transform System
Authors: Ye Yan , Qian Sen , Ye Hong , Lu Chang , Xu Fengchuan , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Wang Qinhua , Chen Linsen , Xu Yishen
Published: January 2024

Spatial‐variant micro/nano‐structures are widely utilized in metasurfaces to modulate optical wave‐fronts into arbitrary shapes, performing as a new generation of flat optics. To flexibly fabricate micro/nano‐structures in real time, an optical Fourier transform system modulated by a diaphragm and a binary optical element (BOE) is proposed. Theoretical analysis shows that light field at image plane is a multiple result of twice Fourier transform of diaphragm and BOE's transmission field, with its amplitude and phase distribution independently manipulated by diaphragm and BOE. Inversely, diaphragm and BOE can be designed to get customized interference fields, where four fields with different vectors are generated for instance. Utilizing these four fields for time division multiplexing exposure, fringes inside circle/ring shapes with variant orientations are produced in photoresist film. Furthermore, multiple spatial variant fields can be obtained simultaneously while more symmetric distributed apertures acted as diaphragm, which shows great potential for the fabrication of segmented or interleaved spatial‐variant micro/nano‐structures in addition.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalyzed [3+3] Annulation for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzopyranothiazinones
Authors: Mroczyńska Karina , Rafiński Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

The design, inspired by the core‐structure of oxicam has allowed the enantioselective synthesis of benzopyranothiazinone motifs employing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. The NHC‐mediated transformation involves the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with suitable substituted benzothiazinone derivatives. This process encompasses the initial formation of α,β‐unsaturated acylazoliums from ynals and concurrent generation of enolates from benzothiazinone. The culmination of these reactions results in an efficient annulation, yielding the desired products with reasonable yields and high stereoselectivities. This study underscores the potential of NHC catalysis in the streamlined synthesis of complex heterocyclic structures.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Thia‐Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Jaszczewska‐Adamczak Joanna A. , Baczewska Paulina , Bujok Robert , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate the application of chiral magnesium complexes in an asymmetric carbon‐sulfur bond‐forming reaction. Enantioselective and cost‐effective methodology under mild condition for the thia‐Michael addition, utilizing an in situ generated chiral dinuclear magnesium‐ProPhenol complex, has been developed. The versatility of this protocol is demonstrated with a broad range of thiol nucleophiles and a wide selection of enones. Enantioenriched β‐ketosulfides are obtained in good to excellent yields and moderate to excellent enantioselectivity. The presented catalytic system exhibits excellent tolerance for structurally different substrates while maintaining high enantioselectivity. This observation aligns with proposed mechanism, wherein the sulfur atom coordinates to the catalyst in close proximity to the reaction center.
YTHDF2 Is a Therapeutic Target for HCC by Suppressing Immune Evasion and Angiogenesis Through ETV5/PD‐L1/VEGFA Axis
Authors: Wen Jingyuan , Xue Lin , Wei Yi , Liang Junnan , Jia Wenlong , Yong Tuying , Chu Liang , Li Han , Han Shenqi , Liao Jingyu , Chen Zeyu , Liu Yiyang , Liu Qiumeng , Ding Zeyang , Liang Huifang , Gan Lu , Chen Xiaoping , Huang Zhao , Zhang Bixiang
Published: January 2024

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification orchestrates cancer formation and progression by affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immune evasion and angiogenesis are characteristic features of its TME. The role of YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), as an m6A reader, in regulating HCC TME are not fully understood. Herein, it is discovered that trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 and H3 lysine 27 acetylation modification in the promoter region of YTHDF2 enhanced its expression in HCC, and upregulated YTHDF2 in HCC predicted a worse prognosis. Animal experiments demonstrated that Ythdf2 depletion inhibited spontaneous HCC formation, while its overexpression promoted xenografted HCC progression. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 recognized the m6A modification in the 5′‐untranslational region of ETS variant transcription factor 5 (ETV5) mRNA and recruited eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B to facilitate its translation. Elevated ETV5 expression induced the transcription of programmed death ligand‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, thereby promoting HCC immune evasion and angiogenesis. Targeting YTHDF2 via small interference RNA‐containing aptamer/liposomes successfully both inhibited HCC immune evasion and angiogenesis. Together, this findings reveal the potential application of YTHDF2 in HCC prognosis and targeted treatment.
Hollow Carbon and MXene Dual‐Reinforced MoS2 with Enlarged Interlayers for High‐Rate and High‐Capacity Sodium Storage Systems
Authors: Pan Hanqing , Huang Yan , Cen Xinnuo , Zhang Ming , Hou Jianhua , Wu Chao , Dou Yuhai , Sun Bing , Wang Ying , Zhang Binwei , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) are promising candidates for cost‐effective and large‐scale energy storage devices. However, sluggish kinetics and low capacity of traditional anode materials inhibit their practical applications. Herein, a novel design featuring a layer‐expanded MoS2 is presented that dual‐reinforced by hollow N, P‐codoped carbon as the inner supporter and surface groups abundant MXene as the outer supporter, resulting in a cross‐linked robust composite (NPC@MoS2/MXene). The hollow N, P‐codoped carbon effectively prevents agglomeration of MoS2 layers and facilitates shorter distances between the electrolyte and electrode. The conductive MXene outer surface envelops the NPC@MoS2 units inside, creating interconnected channels that enable efficient charge transfer and diffusion, ensuring rapid kinetics and enhanced electrode utilization. It exhibits a high reversible capacity of 453 mAh g−1, remarkable cycling stability, and exceptional rate capability with 54% capacity retention when the current density increases from 100 to 5000 mA g−1 toward SIBs. The kinetic mechanism studies reveal that the NPC@MoS2/MXene demonstrates a pseudocapacitance dominated hybrid sodiation/desodiation process. Coupled with active carbon (AC), the NPC@MoS2/MXene//AC SICs achieve both high energy density of 136 Wh kg−1 at 254 W kg−1 and high‐power density of 5940 W kg−1 at 27 Wh g−1, maintaining excellent stability.
Activated aggregation‐induced emission therapeutics agents for triggering regulated cell death
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Qiang , Yu Le , Zhang Lanyun , Liu Huan , Zhou Ying , Kim Jong Seung
Published: January 2024

The induction of regulated cell death (RCD) through photo/ultrasound sensitization therapeutic agents has gained significant attention as a vital approach to combat drug resistance in tumors. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) therapeutic agents generate reactive oxygen species through photo/ultrasound activation, which can synergize with RCD inducers or directly induce RCD, ultimately resulting in the death of tumor cells. The presented comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in AIE therapeutic agents designed to trigger RCD or synergize with RCD inducers, encompassing apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, immunogenic cell death, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Additionally, the intricate regulatory mechanisms through which activatory‐AIE therapeutics influence distinct RCD pathways are examined. A forward‐looking perspective on future developments and pertinent challenges within this exciting realm is presented, anticipating the continued evolution of activatable AIE therapeutics as a transformative approach to enhance tumor therapy.
Interstitial pulmonary disease and aluminum trihydrate exposure: A single case report and detailed workplace analysis
Authors: Corwin Claudia , Waterhouse Hillary , Abraham Jerrold L. , Sanyal Soma , Crawford Judith A. , Caddell Matthew , Hodgson Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Exposure to aluminum compounds is clearly associated with pulmonary function decrements, and several animal models document possible mechanisms of aluminum‐ compound‐induced pulmonary toxicity. Nevertheless, disagreements remain about the precise mechanism by which exposures lead to damage. We present a strong case for attributing a case of interstitial pulmonary disease to occupational exposure to aluminum trihydrate. This report follows a 2014 publication of another case of interstitial pulmonary disease following a similar exposure. Our patient eventually underwent double lung transplantation nearly 5 years postexposure. Detailed pulmonary particulate elemental analysis suggested that aluminum metal, including aluminum trihydrate, was the most likely cause. A detailed assessment of the worker's relevant occupational exposures accompanies this case report.
Flexible grouping patterns in a western and eastern chimpanzee community
Authors: Koops Kathelijne , Akankwasa Walter , Camara Henry Didier , Fitzgerald Maegan , Keir Alex , Mamy Gnan , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Péter Hella , Vicent Kizza , Zuberbühler Klaus , Hobaiter Catherine
Published: January 2024

Primate social organizations, or grouping patterns, vary significantly across species. Behavioral strategies that allow for flexibility in grouping patterns offer a means to reduce the costs of group living. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a fission‐fusion social system in which temporary subgroups (“parties”) change in composition because of local socio‐ecological conditions. Notably, western chimpanzees (P. t. verus) are described as showing a higher degree of bisexual bonding and association than eastern chimpanzees, and eastern female chimpanzees (P. t. schweinfurthii) are thought to be more solitary than western female chimpanzees. However, reported comparisons in sociality currently depend on a small number of study groups, particularly in western chimpanzees, and variation in methods. The inclusion of additional communities and direct comparison using the same methods are essential to assess whether reported subspecies differences in sociality hold in this behaviorally heterogeneous species. We explored whether sociality differs between two communities of chimpanzees using the same motion‐triggered camera technology and definitions of social measures. We compare party size and composition (party type, sex ratio) between the western Gahtoy community in the Nimba Mountains (Guinea) and the eastern Waibira community in the Budongo Forest (Uganda). Once potential competition for resources such as food and mating opportunities were controlled for, subspecies did not substantially influence the number of individuals in a party. We found a higher sex‐ratio, indicating more males in a party, in Waibira; this pattern was driven by a greater likelihood in Gahtoy to be in all‐female parties. This finding is the opposite of what was expected for eastern chimpanzees, where female‐only parties are predicted to be more common. Our results highlight the flexibility in chimpanzee sociality, and caution against subspecies level generalizations.
Aurora B facilitates cholangiocarcinoma progression by stabilizing c‐Myc
Authors: Liu Ke , Zhou Xuxuan , Huang Fei , Liu Lihao , Xu Zijian , Gao Chongqing , Zhang Keke , Hong Jian , Yao Nan , Cheng Guohua
Published: January 2024

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy that arises from biliary epithelial cells, has a dismal prognosis, and few targeted therapies are available. Aurora B, a key mitotic regulator, has been reported to be involved in the progression of various tumors, yet its role in CCA is still unclarified.

Methods

Human CCA tissues and murine spontaneous CCA models were used to assess Aurora B expression in CCA. A loss‐of‐function model was constructed in CCA cells to determine the role of Aurora B in CCA progression. Subcutaneous and liver orthotopic xenograft models were used to assess the therapeutic potential of Aurora B inhibitors in CCA.

Results

In murine spontaneous CCA models, Aurora B was significantly upregulated. Elevated Aurora B expression was also observed in 62.3% of human specimens in our validation cohort (143 CCA specimens), and high Aurora B expression was positively correlated with pathological parameters of tumors and poor survival. Knockdown of Aurora B by siRNA and heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) or an Aurora B kinase inhibitor (AZD1152) significantly suppressed CCA progression via G2/M arrest induction. An interaction between Aurora B and c‐Myc was found in CCA cells. Targeting Aurora B significantly reduced this interaction and accelerated the proteasomal degradation of c‐Myc, suggesting that Aurora B promoted the malignant properties of CCA by stabilizing c‐Myc. Furthermore, sequential application of AZD1152 or Aurora B HDO drastically improved the efficacy of gemcitabine in CCA.

Conclusions

Aurora B plays an essential role in CCA progression by modulating c‐Myc stability and represents a new target for treatment and chemosensitization in CCA.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive α‐Chloro‐Carbonyl Addition of Ketimine to Construct the β‐Tertiary Amino Acid Analogues
Authors: Xia Tingting , Wu Wenwen , Wu Xianqing , Qu Jingping , Chen Yifeng
Published: January 2024

β‐Tertiary amino acid derivatives constitute one of the most frequently occurring units in natural products and bioactive molecules. However, the efficient asymmetric synthesis of this motif still remains a significant challenge. Herein, we disclose a cobalt‐catalyzed enantioselective reductive addition reaction of ketimine using α‐chloro carbonyl compound as a radical precursor, providing expedient access to a diverse array of enantioenriched β‐quaternary amino acid analogues. This protocol exhibits outstanding enantioselectivity and broad substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanism studies rule out the possibility of Reformatsky‐type addition and confirm the involvement of radical species in stereoselective addition process. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated through the rapid assembly of iterative amino acid units and oligopeptide, showcasing its versatile platform for late‐stage modification of drug candidates.
Acrylate composite polyurethane binder for steel bridge deck pavements: Process optimization by response surface methodology and microanalysis
Authors: Duan Shaochan , Hu Jianying , Cui Jingxian , Chen Yan , Ma Tao , Wu Xiaonan
Published: January 2024

To better serve the steel bridge deck paving project, a novel room‐temperature curing acrylate composite polyurethane binder (APUB) was developed as a substitute for traditional asphalt binders. APUB was synthesized by the copolymerization of a custom‐made polyurethane prepolymer (BDO‐PU) and acrylate. Fourier transformed infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of carbamate structures in prepolymer BDO‐PU. Utilizing tensile strength, breaking elongation and water absorption as optimization criteria, the response surface methodology was used to optimize synthesis process of APUB. The results showed that the optimized parameters for APUB synthesis include an isocyanate index (R) of 1.5, a mass ratio of methyl methacrylate to BDO‐PU of 1.1, and a curing agent content of 2.7%. These settings resulted in predicted values of 10.12 MPa for tensile strength, 123.85% for breaking elongation, and 0.075% for water absorption. Experimental validation demonstrated the consistency between the predicted and actual properties of APUB. Further microanalyses, including dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscope, confirmed APUB exhibits excellent component compatibility and glass transition temperatures suitable for bridge engineering environments. Overall, APUB demonstrates outstanding tensile properties, water resistance, low energy consumption, and potential applications in the steel bridge deck pavement industry.
The postcranial skeleton of Teyujagua paradoxa (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the early Triassic of South America
Authors: De‐Oliveira Tiane M. , Da Silva João Lucas , Kerber Leonardo , Pinheiro Felipe L.
Published: January 2024

Teyujagua paradoxa is a remarkable early archosauromorph from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation, Brazil. The species was originally described from an almost complete skull and a few associated cervical vertebrae, and no further postcranial elements were known at that time. Additional fieldwork in the Sanga do Cabral Formation, however, was successful in recovering a fairly complete postcranial skeleton attributable to the holotype. Here, we describe this new postcranial material, which is composed of cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae, limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles, ribs, and gastralia. The description of its postcranial skeleton makes T. paradoxa one of the best‐known early‐diverging archosauromorphs. The cladistic analysis performed after the scoring of postcranial data recovered T. paradoxa in the same position initially described, close to the node that defines the Archosauriformes. Teyujagua paradoxa shares morphological features with representatives of early‐diverging archosauromorphs and archosauriforms, with certain traits demonstrating a mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states. We also performed partitioned morphospace and disparity analysis to elucidate the morphological disparity and evolutionary patterns among archosauromorphs. Teyujagua paradoxa occupies a notable position, suggesting an intermediate morphology between early archosauromorphs and proterosuchids. Disparity estimates highlighted Pseudosuchia and Avemetatarsalia as having the highest median disparity, reflecting their diverse cranial and postcranial morphologies, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into archosauromorph macroevolution and adaptation.
Biaryl carboxamide‐based peptidomimetics analogs as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors for treating obesity
Authors: Pandey Vikash , Adhikrao Patil A. , Motiram Gudle M. , Yadav Nisha , Jagtap Utkarsh , Kumar Gautam , Paul Atish
Published: January 2024

A series of 1,1′‐biphenyl‐3‐carboxamide and furan‐phenyl‐carboxamide analogs were synthesized using an optimized scheme and confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high‐resolution mass spectrometry techniques. The synthesized peptidomimetics analogs were screened in vitro to understand the inhibitory potential of pancreatic lipase (PL). Analogs were assessed for the PL inhibitory activity based on interactions, geometric complementarity, and docking score. Among the synthesized analogs, 9, 29, and 24 were found to have the most potent PL inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.87, 4.95, and 5.34 µM, respectively, compared to that of the standard drug, that is, orlistat, which inhibits PL with an IC50 value of 0.99 µM. The most potent analog, 9, exhibited a competitive‐type inhibition with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.72 µM. In silico molecular docking of analog 9 with the PL (PDB ID:1LPB) showed a docking score of −11.00 kcal/mol. Analog 9 formed crucial hydrogen bond interaction with Ser152, His263, π–cation interaction with Asp79, Arg256, and π–π stacking with Phe77, Tyr114 at the protein's active site. The molecular dynamic simulation confirmed that analog 9 forms stable interactions with PL at the end of 200 ns with root mean square deviation values of 2.5 and 6 Å. No toxicity was observed for analog 9 (concentration range of 1–20 µM) when tested by MTT assay in RAW 264.7 cells.
Indole clubbed 2,4‐thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3‐triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug‐resistant strain and molecular modeling studies
Authors: Upadhyay Dipti B. , Mokariya Jaydeep A. , Patel Paras J. , Patel Subham G. , Das Anwesha , Nandi Arijit , Nogales Joaquina , More Nachiket , Kumar Amit , Rajani Dhanji P. , Narayan Mahesh , Kumar Jyotish , Banerjee Sourav , Sahoo Suban K. , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: January 2024

In the face of escalating challenges of microbial resistance strains, this study describes the design and synthesis of 5‐({1‐[(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl]‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl}methylene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, which have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties. Compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin on the respective strains, compounds 5a, 5d, 5g, 5l, and 5m exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 25 µM. Almost all the synthesized compounds showed lower MIC compared to standards against vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Additionally, the majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity, against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, as compared to nystatin, griseofulvin, and fluconazole. Furthermore, the majority of compounds exhibited notable inhibitory effects against the Plasmodium falciparum strain, having IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 2.79 μM as compared to standard quinine (2.71 μM). Cytotoxicity evaluation of compounds 5a–q on SHSY‐5Y cells at up to 100 μg/mL showed no adverse effects. Comparison with control groups highlights their noncytotoxic characteristics. Molecular docking confirmed compound binding to target active sites, with stable protein–ligand complexes displaying drug‐like molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed dynamic stability and interactions. Rigorous tests and molecular modeling unveil the effectiveness of the compounds against drug‐resistant microbes, providing hope for new antimicrobial compounds with potential safety.
A near‐infrared fluorescent probe for detecting hydrazine metabolized from isoniazid in living cells
Authors: Pang Shude , An Baoshuai , Miao Zhuo , Li Cheng , Wei Ningning , Zhang Yanru
Published: January 2024

Isoniazid is a drug for treating tuberculosis, but hydrazine (N2H4), the major metabolite of isoniazid, can cause hepatotoxicity. Therefore, monitoring the content of N2H4 in time is of great significance for studying the hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid. In this study, a near‐infrared fluorescent probe (BC‐N) was designed and synthesized based on the specific reaction of acetyl ester with N2H4. BC‐N exhibits excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. In addition, BC‐N is applied in the visualization of N2H4 produced from isoniazid in living cells and is a potential tool for monitoring hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid.
Giving the cells what they need when they need it: Biosensor‐based feeding control
Authors: Kinet Romain , Richelle Anne , Colle Michael , Demaegd Didier , von Stosch Moritz , Sanders Matthew , Sehrt Hannah , Delvigne Frank , Goffin Philippe
Published: January 2024

“Giving the cells exactly what they need, when they need it” is the core idea behind the proposed bioprocess control strategy: operating bioprocess based on the physiological behavior of the microbial population rather than exclusive monitoring of environmental parameters. We are envisioning to achieve this through the use of genetically encoded biosensors combined with online flow cytometry (FCM) to obtain a time‐dependent “physiological fingerprint” of the population. We developed a biosensor based on the glnA promoter (glnAp) and applied it for monitoring the nitrogen‐related nutritional state of Escherichia coli. The functionality of the biosensor was demonstrated through multiple cultivation runs performed at various scales—from microplate to 20 L bioreactor. We also developed a fully automated bioreactor—FCM interface for on‐line monitoring of the microbial population. Finally, we validated the proposed strategy by performing a fed‐batch experiment where the biosensor signal is used as the actuator for a nitrogen feeding feedback control. This new generation of process control, —based on the specific needs of the cells, —opens the possibility of improving process development on a short timescale and therewith, the robustness and performance of fermentation processes.
Genetic algorithm‐based semisupervised convolutional neural network for real‐time monitoring of Escherichia coli fermentation of recombinant protein production using a Raman sensor
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhou Xiaotian , Wang Teng , Luo An , Jia Zhaojun , Pan Xingquan , Cai Weiqi , Sun Mengge , Wang Xuezhong , Wen Zhenguo , Zhou Guangzheng
Published: January 2024

As a non‐destructive sensing technique, Raman spectroscopy is often combined with regression models for real‐time detection of key components in microbial cultivation processes. However, achieving accurate model predictions often requires a large amount of offline measurement data for training, which is both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional models that rely on large datasets and complex spectral preprocessing, in addition to the difficulty of training models with limited samples, we have explored a genetic algorithm‐based semi‐supervised convolutional neural network (GA‐SCNN). GA‐SCNN integrates unsupervised process spectral labeling, feature extraction, regression prediction, and transfer learning. Using only an extremely small number of offline samples of the target protein, this framework can accurately predict protein concentration, which represents a significant challenge for other models. The effectiveness of the framework has been validated in a system of Escherichia coli expressing recombinant ProA5M protein. By utilizing the labeling technique of this framework, the available dataset for glucose, lactate, ammonium ions, and optical density at 600 nm (OD600) has been expanded from 52 samples to 1302 samples. Furthermore, by introducing a small component of offline detection data for recombinant proteins into the OD600 model through transfer learning, a model for target protein detection has been retrained, providing a new direction for the development of associated models. Comparative analysis with traditional algorithms demonstrates that the GA‐SCNN framework exhibits good adaptability when there is no complex spectral preprocessing. Cross‐validation results confirm the robustness and high accuracy of the framework, with the predicted values of the model highly consistent with the offline measurement results.
Stakeholder integration in sustainable business models to enhance value delivery for a broader range of stakeholders
Authors: Rathobei Kabelo Esther , Ranängen Helena , Lindman Åsa
Published: January 2024

Sustainable business models (SBMs) represent a contemporary approach seeking to deliver value to businesses and a wide range of stakeholders. This paper addresses the existing gap in practical guidance for businesses aiming to incorporate a wider range of stakeholders into their SBMs. To address the gap, a systematic review of academic literature and a review of mining company reports were conducted. The findings demonstrate that it is imperative to integrate stakeholders to achieve sustainability objectives, gain societal acceptance and foster legitimacy while maintaining alignment with stakeholders' concerns. To this end, the theoretical implication of this study lies in introducing a stakeholder integration model (SIM) that underscores the roles of identification, communication, knowledge sharing and continual improvement in achieving sustainability objectives and societal acceptance within SBMs. Practically, it addresses a gap by providing practical guidance for businesses to integrate stakeholders to manage risk, uncover value‐creation opportunities and gain social acceptance.
Accelerated partial breast irradiation: Current evidence and future developments
Authors: Song Dandan , Zhang Honghong , Ren Chengbo , Zhan Ning , Xie Liangxi , Xie Wenjia
Published: January 2024

Whole breast irradiation after breast‐conserving surgery for early breast cancer has become one of the standard treatment modes for breast cancer and yields the same effect as radical surgery. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) as a substitute for whole breast irradiation for patients with early breast cancer is a hot spot in clinical research. APBI is characterised by simple high‐dose local irradiation of the tumour bed in a short time, thus improving convenience for patients and saving costs. The implementation methods of APBI mainly include brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and intraoperative radiotherapy. This review provides an overview of the clinical effects and adverse reactions of the main technologies of APBI and discusses the prospects for the future development of APBI.
One carbon metabolism and its implication in health and immune functions
Authors: Dang Shreya , Jain Arushi , Dhanda Garima , Bhattacharya Neetu , Bhattacharya Amit , Senapati Sabyasachi
Published: January 2024

One carbon (1C) metabolism is critical for cellular viability and physiological homeostasis. Starting from its crucial involvement in purine biosynthesis to posttranslational modification of proteins, 1C metabolism contributes significantly to the development and cellular differentiation through methionine and folate cycles that are pivotal for cellular function. Genetic polymorphisms of several genes of these pathways are implicated in disease pathogenesis and drug metabolism. Metabolic products of 1C metabolism have significant roles in epigenetic modifications through DNA and histone protein methylation. Homocysteine is a product that has clinical significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of several critical illnesses, including chronic immune diseases and cancers. Regulation of the function and differentiation of immune cells, including T‐cells, B‐cells, macrophages, and so forth, are directly influenced by 1C metabolism and thus have direct implications in several immune disease biology. Recent research on therapeutic approaches is targeting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial 1C metabolism to manage and treat metabolic (i.e., type 2 diabetes), neurodegenerative (i.e., Alzheimer's disease), or immune (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis) diseases. 1C metabolism is being explored for therapeutic intervention as a common determinant for a spectrum of immune and metabolic diseases. Identifying the association or correlation between essential metabolic products of this pathway and disease onset or prognosis would further facilitate the clinical monitoring of diseases.
The Origin of Dual‐Emission in PLICT Compounds – an Empirical Approach
Authors: Scheller Zoe Nonie , Liese David , Siera Hannah , Semleit Nina , Schmiedtchen Marco , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: January 2024

Fluorescence spectroscopy proves to be a powerful and versatile tool in scientific research, demanding ongoing advancements of fluorescence probes to cater to a broad range of applications. The particular interest lies in the development of fluorophores with multiplexing capability, emitting from more than one excited state depending on the polarity and viscosity of the surrounding medium. Here, we present a variety of novel dual planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PLICT) emitters based on cyano‐1‐aminoindole structures. We have chosen a combination of experimental studies, theoretical calculations and the creation of a unique fluorophore cataloging map. This map serves as a useful tool for empirically determining the origin of both fluorescence bands.
Recent advances in novel materials for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Lu Shanyue , Zhang Shengwei , Liu Qi , Wang Wen , Hao Ning , Wang Yajun , Li Zhou , Luo Dan
Published: January 2024

The conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels, which can be stored and utilized through photocatalysis, represents an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable means to address both environmental concerns and energy shortages. CO2, as a stable oxidation product, poses challenges for reduction through light energy alone, necessitating the use of catalysts. Thus, a crucial aspect of CO2 photocatalytic reduction technology lies in the development of effective photocatalysts. Based on the basic principle of PCRR (photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction), the review provides a detailed introduction to the core issues in PCRR process, including the relationship between band gap and catalyst reduction performance, effective utilization of photogenerated carriers, product selectivity, and methods for product analysis. Then, the recent research progresses of various photocatalysts are reviewed in the form of research examples combined with the above basic principles. Finally, this review summarizes and provides insights into the effective techniques for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of CO2, while also offering future prospects in this field.
Exploring corrosion protection for mild steel in HCl solution: An experimental and theoretical analysis of an antipyrine derivative as an anticorrosion agent
Authors: Aljibori Hakim S. , Alamiery Ahmed , Gaaz Tayser S. , Al‐Azzawi Waleed K.
Published: January 2024

The corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution remains a critical issue in various industrial applications. In the quest for effective corrosion inhibitors, 4‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methoxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine (HMBA) has emerged as a promising candidate. This study investigates the inhibitory properties of HMBA on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The experiments spanned over various time periods, including 1, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h. The results reveal that HMBA exhibits exceptional inhibition efficiency (IE), with an impressive 94.7% inhibition rate. This outstanding performance underscores its potential as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive HCl environments. To elucidate the adsorption behavior of HMBA on the mild steel surface, Langmuir isotherm modeling was employed, demonstrating a strong correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, the study employs density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the mechanism of HMBA inhibition. DFT calculations suggest that both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms are involved in the interaction between HMBA and the mild steel surface. The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption () is found to be approximately , indicating a spontaneous and energetically favorable adsorption process. In conclusion, HMBA emerges as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution, offering impressive IE over various time intervals. The combination of experimental techniques, such as WL, EIS, and PDP, along with computational insights from DFT calculations, provides an understanding of the inhibitory properties of HMBA. These findings hold great promise for the development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in industrial applications.
Interface Engineering on Constructing Physical and Chemical Stable Solid‐State Electrolyte Toward Practical Lithium Batteries
Authors: He Honggang , Wang Litong , Al‐Abbasi Malek , Cao Chunyan , Li Heng , Xu Zhu , Chen Shi , Zhang Wei , Li Ruiqing , Lai Yuekun , Tang Yuxin , Ge Mingzheng
Published: January 2024

Solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) with high safety have emerged to meet the increasing energy density demands of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices. However, the dendrite formation, high interfacial resistance, and deleterious interfacial reactions caused by solid–solid contact between electrode and electrolyte have hindered the commercialization of SSLBs. Thus, in this review, the state‐of‐the‐art developments in the rational design of solid‐state electrolyte and their progression toward practical applications are reviewed. First, the origin of interface instability and the sluggish charge carrier transportation in solid–solid interface are presented. Second, various strategies toward stabilizing interfacial stability (reducing interfacial resistance, suppressing lithium dendrites, and side reactions) are summarized from the physical and chemical perspective, including building protective layer, constructing 3D and gradient structures, etc. Finally, the remaining challenges and future development trends of solid‐state electrolyte are prospected. This review provides a deep insight into solving the interfacial instability issues and promising solutions to enable practical high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries.
Framing just transition: The case of sustainable food system transition in Finland
Authors: Huttunen Suvi , Tykkyläinen Riina , Kaljonen Minna , Kortetmäki Teea , Paloviita Ari
Published: January 2024

Justice in sustainability transitions requires states to design transition policies that ‘leave no‐one behind’. Emphasising fairness, however, may entail slowing or scaling down the impetus of sustainability transition. To examine this risk empirically, we analysed how stakeholders frame justice in deliberating policy measures needed to support just transition in agricultural land use and dietary changes, the cornerstones of building healthier and climate friendlier food systems in Finland. The results show that justice frames focus on the potential impacts of transition, largely ignore global scale, and prioritise social justice claims at the cost of environmental ambition. To create just and environmentally effective policies, policymakers need to consider justice at the level of policy‐mixes combining environmental and social policies. Furthermore, they need to acknowledge systemic injustices present in existing systems while striving towards just transition.
Research on low‐carbon system of biomass combustion and solar‐energy power generation based on MP‐PIC simulation
Authors: Cui Ying , Wang Xinwang
Published: January 2024

To vigorously reduce CO2 emission in the energy sector is an inevitable choice to achieve world's carbon emission reduction and to accelerate the construction of a modern energy system. The development of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS) is of great significance for promoting low carbon utilization of traditional energy and realizing the low carbon transformation of coal power industry. The joint development of biomass combustion integrated with new energy technology and consideration of fuel conversion CO2 capture from the source is a technical solution with high efficiency and low energy consumption in coordination, which will bring new development opportunities for conventional thermal power industry. In this study, a low carbon system of collaborative renewable energy CO2 source capture is constructed. Numerical simulation method of multiphase flow coupled with thermal mass transfer and chemical reaction of the combustion mathematical model is employed to study the combustion characteristics in the biomass combustion system. The combustion efficiency, carbon conversion, and pollutant emissions are calculated compared with the conventional coal combustion system. Hydrogen production and CO2 emissions are analyzed based on life cycle assessment method. The energy integration full‐chain system of geological storage and CCUS is optimized, which is committed to achieving nearly zero carbon emission in the thermal power industry, contributing to the global low CO2 emission work.
An assessment of the geomorphodiversity and land use/cover change (LUCC) effects associated with landslides in Meghalaya, India
Authors: Agrawal Navdeep , Dixit Jagabandhu
Published: January 2024

The Shillong Plateau in the Eastern Himalayas is exposed to high seismicity, neo‐tectonic activity and orographic precipitation that aggravated landslides in the region by affecting hillslope processes. Landscape development is influenced by landslide phenomenon and depends upon geomorphic processes and geomorphodiversity (GmD). It is linked intimately with geomorphology, hydrology and soil type. This study uses a remote sensing and GIS‐based approach to assess the spatial linkage between GmD and landslide distribution in Meghalaya (India). GmD index (GmDI) is developed using geological, morphometric and geomorphological parameters and analysed with landslide distribution. The landslide distribution considering land use/cover change (LUCC) is also examined. The result shows that the region with high‐relief, valley and depression zone, mainly along the Dauki fault, have a high to a very high GmDI. About 61% of landslide localities are in zones of high GmDI, concentrated in the central and eastern parts of Meghalaya. Density analysis of the very high class (class 5) of GmD confirms the same. Most of these landslides occur in dense and light‐vegetated landmasses. However, the LUCC analysis reveals a significant increase in the built area on steeper slopes (average expansion ratio of 2.30 for slopes >15°) between 2017 and 2022, indicating a rising threat of landslides in urban areas of Meghalaya. The study presents the importance of GmD in active tectonic regions with particular reference to landslide potential and recent LUCC. It can aid decision‐makers in planning sustainable developments and risk mitigation strategies for landslide hazards and geoconservation.