bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapy interventions in facilitating return to work in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Mullins Abigal , Scalise Olive , Carpio-Paez Brianna , DeShaw Victoria , Jennings Kelcie , Kitchens Riqiea , Hilton Claudia , Mani Karthik
Published: February 2025

Background

Returning to work is one of the common challenges faced by survivors of traumatic brain injury following their injury. A few reviews to date have examined the occupational therapy interventions related to return-to-work post TBI.

Objective

To examine the interventions that fall under the purview of the field of occupational therapy in facilitating return to work post mild, moderate, or severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods

The following databases were searched: CINAHL, Ovid, PsychInfo, PubMed, & Scopus. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria (articles published within the past 10 years, adults, & received rehabilitation services for return to work). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses was used to guide this review.

Results

The most effective intervention approaches that fall under the purview of occupational therapy practice to facilitate return to work in individuals with traumatic brain injury included the use of (i) vocational and work hardening rehabilitation interventions, (ii) a multidisciplinary approach to care, (iii) mental health and cognition focused interventions, and (iv) the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy. Interventions must consider both client and work-related factors to ensure successful outcomes.

Conclusions

The articles included in this review provided moderate level evidence that multidisciplinary and holistic approaches lead to successful return to work and community reintegration outcomes for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Focusing on client and work-related factors through vocational rehabilitation, cognitive and mental health interventions, and client-centered models of care is recommended to yield better return to work outcomes for traumatic brain injury survivors.
The Use of Fixed and Removable Bite Blocks in Bilateral Buccinator Flap Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Coull Lucy , Bussell Mary , Fallico Nefer
Published: February 2025

To ascertain the current practice in the United Kingdom with regard to the use of bite blocks and the division of the pedicles in buccinator flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency. To compare the outcomes of fixed and removable bite blocks in buccinator flap surgery, in terms of the incidence of pedicle injury and patient experience.

Survey of cleft surgeons in the United Kingdom on their use of bite blocks and division of the pedicles. Retrospective cohort review of consecutive patients that underwent buccinator flap surgery at Salisbury District Hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, comparing the use of fixed and removable bite blocks. Survey of patients who had bite blocks fitted to understand the patient and family experience.

Cleft consultants from the United Kingdom and Ireland responded: half (11 of 22) reported using bite blocks and half reported routinely dividing the pedicles, most commonly at 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. In our cohort (19 patients), fixed bite blocks had a higher incidence of pedicle injury (33%) and difficulty eating (78%) than removable bite blocks (20% and 20%, respectively). Generally, parents/patients tolerated the presence of bite blocks and were often unaware of pedicle injury, even in cases of repeated severe biting.

There is variation in the current use of bite blocks and pedicle division following buccinator flap surgery in the United Kingdom. In compliant patients, removable bite blocks may be associated with lower complication rates but neither fixed nor removable bite blocks compromise flap integrity.
The mind–machine connection: adaptive information processing and new technologies promoting mental health in older adults
Authors: Magalhães S. S. , Lucas-Ochoa A. M. , Gonzalez-Cuello A. M. , Fernández-Villalba E. , Pereira Toralles M. B. , Herrero M. T.
Published: February 2025

The human brain demonstrates an exceptional adaptability, which encompasses the ability to regulate emotions, exhibit cognitive flexibility, and generate behavioral responses, all supported by neuroplasticity. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) employ adaptive algorithms and machine learning techniques to adapt to variations in the user’s brain activity, allowing for customized interactions with external devices. Older adults may experience cognitive decline, which could affect the ability to learn and adapt to new technologies such as BCIs, but both (human brain and BCI) demonstrate adaptability in their responses. The human brain is skilled at quickly switching between tasks and regulating emotions, while BCIs can modify signal-processing algorithms to accommodate changes in brain activity. Furthermore, the human brain and BCI participate in knowledge acquisition; the first one strengthens cognitive abilities through exposure to new experiences, and the second one improves performance through ongoing adjustment and improvement. Current research seeks to incorporate emotional states into BCI systems to improve the user experience, despite the exceptional emotional regulation abilities of the human brain. The implementation of BCIs for older adults could be more effective, inclusive, and beneficial in improving their quality of life. This review aims to improve the understanding of brain–machine interfaces and their implications for mental health in older adults.
Perinatal Intervention Desires of New Fathers Who Have a History of Child Maltreatment: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Granner Josephine R. , Lee Shawna J. , Burns Jade , Herrenkohl Todd I. , Miller Alison L. , Batshon Raven A. , Seng Julia S.
Published: February 2025

A history of child maltreatment (CM) can lead to poorer perinatal mental health and early parenting outcomes. New fathers who experienced CM may have unique needs that could be addressed with trauma-specific fatherhood programs. This sequential mixed-methods study compares the intervention desires of fathers with and without a history of CM, explores trauma-specific considerations for intervention development, and identifies barriers to participating in perinatal fatherhood programs. We surveyed 371 first-time fathers of young children (birth - 30 months) online. One third (33%, n = 123) had a history of CM, and we interviewed 15 of them. Participants desired basic parenting skills programs with optional trauma-specific add-ons. Trauma-specific topics included managing relationships, sleep, and emotions like low mood, anger, or irritability. Many lacked positive fathering role models and sought connections with other fathers who had experienced CM. Trauma-specific perinatal interventions could support fathers with a history of CM in interrupting the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: Using Big Data Techniques to Enhance Research on Violence Against Women
Authors: Thompson Lee Lisa M. , Moore Angela , Crossland Christine
Published: February 2025

Data on incidents involving violence against women is becoming increasingly accessible, thanks in part to the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and its reauthorizations. Technology facilitates the sharing of data and qualitative experiences in online forums and social media platforms, which has led to growing demand for analytical tools like data mining and machine learning algorithms to handle these large-scale data sources. This research note provides an overview of the application of big data techniques to research on violence against women and contributes to the discussion on ethical concerns for artificial intelligence in the violence against women research field.
Ophthalmic findings leading to diagnose chronic myeloid leukemia: A multimodal image case report
Authors: Hoyos Andrea , Lugo Juan Carlos , Pérez-Vergara Valentina
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare malignant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Ocular manifestations in CML are infrequent but can be the initial indicators of the disease. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient with suspected hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to CML, based on fundus findings and supported by multimodal imaging.

Methods

Multimodal imaging was performed to assess the ocular manifestations, before and after treatment.

Results

The patient presented with posterior segment findings consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome, including retinal hemorrhages, vascular dilation, and tortuosity as demonstrated by multimodal imaging techniques. Further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of CML, and treatment with hydroxyurea, allopurinol, and imatinib led to a significant improvement in visual acuity and resolution of posterior segment findings.

Conclusion

Ocular manifestations in CML vary widely and include both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Regular ophthalmic examinations are essential for the early detection of relapses or complications. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists and hematologists for the timely diagnosis and management of ocular manifestations in CML.
Critical conversations in MOS: A dual-interview on the continuing struggles against anti-Blackness and racial capitalism
Authors: Nkomo Stella , Naya Patricia Tiimah
Published: February 2025

Our special issue critically engages with anti-Blackness in MOS by approaching it from a structural analysis of racial capitalism and how this has been developed by radical Black feminist thought. Our call for papers invited contributions from management scholars and activists that address the systemic discrimination against Black people in organizations and academia, focus on Black peoples’ experiences of embodying difference in these spaces, and highlight efforts at building local and trans-national solidarities against racism and white supremacy. To access different kinds of knowledges about the special issue themes, the guest editors curated a dual-interview between esteemed academic, Professor Stella Nkomo, and up and coming race scholar, PhD student, Patricia Naya. The interview is a collective reflection on the intersection of MOS and anti-Blackness. Both interviewees approached this intersection by centering their positionalities as Black women and reflected on how Black scholarship is innately connected to the struggle to transform academia toward racially just ends.
Revisiting the Marikana massacre through anti-blackness: An Afropessimism perspective
Authors: Bazana Sandiso
Published: February 2025

This paper employs an Afropessimism framework to critically analyse the Marikana massacre in South Africa, specifically examining the pervasive presence of anti-Blackness within organizational structures. Through an exploration of labour-management dynamics and conflict resolution mechanisms, the study underscores how anti-Black violence operates as a genocidal force under settler colonialism, perpetuating enduring states of social death among Black individuals. Utilizing a narrative case study approach, we illuminate the intricate interplay between anti-Blackness and settler colonialism, demonstrating how these forces dehumanize Black workers, leading to conditions of social death. This research enriches critical and postcolonial organizational studies by exposing corporate anti-Blackness within colonial contexts, centering on the unique experiences of Blackness, and engaging with Black narratives to elucidate intersections of anti-Blackness, capitalism, and racial oppression. Theoretically, it challenges conventional notions of humanity by interrogating the assumed humanity of Blackness and explores Afropessimism’s ethical implications for emancipation, particularly in relation to the dynamics of physical and social death within critical organization studies.
No-Organization: Confronting the “It” of antiblackness in scholarship on Africa
Authors: Cruz Joëlle M.
Published: February 2025

This essay explores anti-Blackness and how it structures knowledge production about Africa. It introduces “No-Organization” or the “it” as an invisible discursive frame that constructs the continent as a space devoid of Organization. I use No-Organization to reengage two scholarly approaches invested in decentering the West and addressing the erasure of Africa in Organization Studies. The first approach deconstructs Western-centric representations in the literature, while the second one generates studies better attuned to African contexts and theories. I claim that both approaches overlook the deeper antiblack knowledge structure in which misrepresentations and contextual research exist. I offer No-Organization as a third approach, which allows us to grasp the unpalpable and recover expressions of Black and African social life in scholarly work.
Migraines, the multiple sclerosis prodrome, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: Schoeps Vinicius A , Smith Jessica B , Langer-Gould Annette
Published: February 2025

Background:

Multiple studies identified an association between migraines and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

To investigate whether migraines increase MS risk or are part of the MS prodrome.

Methods:

Incident MS cases and matched controls completed structured interviews that included a detailed headache and MS history. Participants were classified as having migraines if they fulfilled the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. The association between migraine onset concurrent with or before the first MS symptom/index date was estimated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

Among the 591 MS cases (70.6% females, 42.0% White), 21.2% developed migraines concurrent with or before the onset of MS compared to 18.7% of the 651 controls (70.4% females, 42.1% White, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–1.53). Migraine onset was more likely to occur either concurrently or 1 year before MS symptom onset/index date among MS cases ( n = 18, 14.4%) than controls ( n = 8, 6.6%; aOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.08–5.86, p = 0.032). However, not when restricted to only those with migraine onset before MS onset.

Conclusion:

Migraine was associated with an increased odds of MS only when co-occurrence was considered. These findings imply that migraines are part of the constellation of MS onset symptoms rather than a risk factor for or prodromal symptom of MS.
S100A4 participates in sepsis-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier damage by binding to BRD4
Authors: Chen Xiujing , Yang Ping
Published: February 2025

Background

Research has shown that S100A4 is upregulated in endothelial cells when exposed to serum from septic patients. This article aims to explore the role of endogenous S100A4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cells.

Methods

A septic HUVECs injury model was established using LPS and transfected with siRNA-S100A4 or Ov-BRD4 plasmid. Targets of S100A4 were predicted using online databases, and immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to verify the binding of S100A4 and targets. Cell viability, levels of apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured to assess cell injury. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and the expression of tight junction proteins were measured to assess cell barrier function. Assessed the inflammatory response by measuring the levels of inflammatory factors, the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes, and the expression of adhesion molecules.

Results

Database prediction and IP verification indicated that S100A4 could bind to BRD4 in LPS-induced HUVECs, and the expression of S100A4 and BRD4 was increased in LPS-induced HUVECs. Interference with S100A4 significantly enhanced the cell viability and TER, reduced the apoptosis, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, and THP-1 adhesion number in LPS-treated HUVECs. Additionally, interference with S100A4 upregulated the expression of Bcl2, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 proteins, and downregulated the expression of BRD4, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin proteins in LPS-induced HUVECs. However, overexpression of BRD4 significantly attenuated the protective effect of interfering with S100A4 on LPS-induced HUVECs.

Conclusion

S100A4 is involved in LPS-induced inflammatory response and barrier damage in HUVECs by binding to BRD4.
Reduced length of stay and less systemic complications, implementation of the optimized DIEP recovery pathway
Authors: Korpiola Ina , Merkkola-von Schantz Päivi , Surcel Elena , Kauhanen Susanna , Härmä Maiju
Published: February 2025

Background and aims:

The present study aimed to compare patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction with and without the implementation of the new optimized surgical recovery pathway. The new protocol aims to standardize and optimize perioperative management, shorten hospital stays, and lower complication rates for patients undergoing major surgical procedures.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent immediate or delayed DIEP flap breast reconstruction were included in this study. Data regarding patient demographics, timing, laterality of reconstruction, hospital length of stay (LOS), and drain management were collected and compared for the pre-protocol group and the post-protocol group.

Results:

The pre-protocol group consisted of 65 patients, while the post-protocol group consisted of 68 patients. The two groups had similar total complication rates (pre-protocol 43.1% versus post-protocol 32.4%, p = 0.20). Between the two groups, there was a significantly lower rate of major surgical complications in the post-protocol group (pre-protocol 32.3% versus post-protocol 14.7%, p = 0.016). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding minor surgical complications (pre-protocol 7.7% versus post-protocol 17.6%, p = 0.086). In the pre-protocol group, the mean LOS was 6.1 days (range = 4–10, median = 6); in the post-protocol group, the mean LOS was 3.6 days (range = 3–10, median = 3; p < 0.00001). Majority of the post-protocol patients were discharged on postoperative day 3 ( n = 47, 69.1%).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing DIEP flap reconstruction can be discharged earlier without risking their safety by following the new protocol.
Smartphones and ‘doing community’ in Bangkok’s platform economy: A Weberian analysis
Authors: McFarlane Daniel , Mieruch Yannik , Waters Tony
Published: February 2025

This article examines emergent communities of platform-based delivery workers in Bangkok by applying Max Weber’s concept of Vergemeinschaftung or ‘doing community’. Using offline and online ethnographic methods, the authors demonstrate how delivery workers do community on the streets of Bangkok and leverage smartphones and social media to extend their communities to the online realm. These community practices are culturally constituted and share characteristics with pre-existing communities in the transportation sector in Thailand. However, while these older communities are under pressure from rationalisation, or in Weber’s terms, Vergesellschaftung, rider communities emerge from the rational conditions of delivery platforms. Through this analysis, the article demonstrates how Weber’s theory effectively captures the dialectical dynamics of doing community and rationalisation in digital economies, suggesting that scholarship on digital platforms and media could benefit from adopting a Weberian analysis of social change.
A two-stage temperature-driven method for detection of fault sensors and abnormal stress using structural health monitoring data
Authors: Gong Xiaoyu , Song Xiaodong , Zhu Yichen , Feng Libo , Lu Xian , Cai C. S.
Published: February 2025

Steel box girders’ stress is a crucial monitoring item for large-span bridges, as abnormal stress can indicate performance degradation or damage. Establishing the correlation model between stress and temperature is an effective method for detecting abnormal stress, given that stress and ambient temperature are highly correlated under normal operational conditions. In this study, a two-stage temperature-driven method was used to identify sensor failures and abnormal stress. In the first stage, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to learn features from Gramian Angular Field images, which were converted from the temperature-induced stress time series. Then, the well-trained CNN can automatically classify monitoring data, thereby extracting high-quality data used for subsequent correlation model training. Based on the classification results, channels that deviate from the collective behavior of the sensor network can be attributed to sensor failures or severe local damage. In the second stage, a Gaussian process (GP) model was used to model the correlation between the stress and the temperature. The performance of the GP method in correlation modelling was quantitatively evaluated by the residuals between the GP model predictions and test data. Finally, an early warning framework based on the residuals was proposed. The warning method effectively identified the simulated abnormal stress of varying severity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting minor structural damage.
“It’s Weird”: Latinx College Students’ Perceptions of Campus Life and Navigating Whiteness at an Emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution
Authors: Muñoz Susana M. , Mora Fabiola , Silva Tovar Jade , Torres-Baez Daisy
Published: February 2025

This study examines Latinx students’ perceptions at Aspen University (AU), an emerging Hispanic Serving Institution (eHSI), highlighting how white normative standards and institutional practices impact their experiences. Utilizing Critical Whiteness, the research reveals themes of white normative spaces, segregated cultural affirmations, dominant Latinx cultural notions, and institutional white liberalism. Findings suggest that HSI servingness requires intentional organizational shifts and dismantling white supremacy to support Latinx students.
The Revival of the White Whale: Kojima’s The Phantom Pain and Death Stranding against Melville’s Moby-Dick
Authors: Khorshidpour Anahita
Published: February 2025

This article examines two videogames to uncover their anti-imperial and decolonial qualities. Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (2015) and Death Stranding (2019) created by the Japanese videogame designer Hideo Kojima express commentaries on American politics and their effects on the United States and the rest of the world. Kojima has used Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851/1999), a narrative account critiquing American imperialism, as an anchor to extend his own critique of American foreign policies as an outsider affected by US global hegemony. The similarities among the two games and Melville's Moby-Dick run much deeper than what the player sees, and the internal complexities of each narrative surpass the single layer of international politics. The political themes of each game complement and continue the political themes found in Moby-Dick. Both videogames affirm a decolonizing worldview by invalidating American imperial politics and encouraging global players to do the same.
Integrating Lifestyle Medicine Content into Health Professions Programs
Authors: Brown Zipporah , Freeman Kelly , Räisänen Anu M.
Published: February 2025

Lifestyle medicine (LM) has demonstrated clinical efficacy when utilized within chronic disease guidelines where lifestyle interventions are recommended. Integrating LM content into health professions education, such as doctor of occupational and physical therapy programs, is critically important to empower future clinicians to adequately implement therapeutic lifestyle interventions to improve their patient’s health outcomes. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine Partial Academic Pathway was developed to facilitate the integration of LM content into health professions programs. In this article, we describe the Partial Academic Pathway pilot, which began in the fall of 2022 and concluded in the fall of 2023. In addition, we describe the role of two health professions, occupational therapy and physical therapy, in health promotion and management of lifestyle-related conditions. Finally, we provide an example of how LM competencies were implemented into a doctor of physical therapy curriculum. As the students learning about LM enter the workforce, they have the potential to support their patients’ health through therapeutic lifestyle interventions while reducing healthcare costs and improving patient satisfaction.
The simulation model of an induction motor with consideration of instantaneous magnetic losses in steel
Authors: Goolak Sergey , Riabov Ievgen , Petrychenko Olga , Kyrychenko Mykhailo , Pohosov Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

This document describes a mathematical model of an induction motor of vehicles taking into account instantaneous magnetic losses in steel. In order to apply the simulation model in conditions of asymmetry of the supply voltage system and the motor windings, the model is made in a three-phase coordinate system using the method of taking into account the influence of the geometric parameters of the windings on the inductance of the motor. Taking into account instantaneous magnetic losses in steel is performed by introducing variable resistances into the electric circuits of the stator and rotor, which are functions of instantaneous magnetic losses in the steel of the electric motor. The simulation results showed a high convergence of the controlled parameters with the results declared by the manufacturer. This approach to the simulation of an induction motor will allow to use the proposed model in the study of electromechanical processes in the traction drive system, taking into account the peculiarities of the operating modes of electric transport.
Methods for inertial parameters identification of manipulator based on multibody dynamics and neural networks
Authors: Cheng Jun , Wang Ruiping , Yu Zhongjing , Wu Fang , Kong Shihan , Shao Jinyan , Yu Junzhi ,   IEEE Fellow
Published: February 2025

In this paper, two methods for directly identifying inertial parameters of manipulator are proposed, which solves the problem that inertial parameters are difficult to identify due to coupling. First, a Model Identification Method (MIM) is proposed based on multibody dynamics. MIM realizes the decoupling of inertial parameters by the mathematical description of graph theory, and has extremely high identification accuracy. Since complex modeling and calculation will affect the real-time performance of the algorithm, MIM is suitable for offline identification. Second, a numerical identification method (NIM) is proposed based on neural networks. NIM avoids complex mechanical modeling process and obtains the approximate value of inertial parameters by numerical fitting method. Compared with MIM, the identification results lose some accuracy. However, NIM has excellent real-time performance and is suitable for online identification. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation experiments. MIM and NIM have complementary characteristics and different application scenarios, which can meet the vast majority of identification needs. The obtained results shed light on achieving precise control of manipulators.
CSF IL-6, GDF-15, GFAP and NfL levels in early Alzheimer disease: a pilot study
Authors: Plantone Domenico , Pardini Matteo , Manco Carlo , Righi Delia , Alì Paolo Alessandro , Arnaldi Dario , Pelagotti Virginia , Massa Federico , d’Alessandro Miriana , Bargagli Elena , De Stefano Nicola
Published: February 2025

Background:

Despite their potential usefulness as biomarkers, no study has investigated the interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the core AD CSF biomarkers in the same cohort of AD patients.

Objectives:

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the CSF levels of these analytes in patients with AD and assess their clinical relevance in this neurological condition.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

We assessed the levels of NfL, GFAP, GDF-15, TDP-43 and IL-6 in the CSF samples of 52 early AD patients and evaluated their partial reciprocal correlations and those with Abeta42, p-Tau, t-Tau and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), always adding age, sex and educational level as covariates.

Results:

MMSE score showed a positive correlation with the Aβ 1-42 concentrations ( r = 0.485; p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with GDF-15 concentrations ( r = −0.418; p = 0.002). IL-6 concentrations showed a positive correlation with NfL concentrations ( r = 0.312; p = 0.026) and a negative correlation with TDP-43 concentrations ( r = −0.322; p = 0.021). TDP-43 concentrations showed a positive correlation with GFAP ( r = 0.33, p = 0.018). The mediation analysis suggests that the association between GDF-15 and MMSE is primarily mediated by Aβ 1-42. CSF GDF-15 concentrations were higher in AD patients with low Aβ 1-42 concentrations than those with high Aβ 1-42 concentrations ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight that CSF IL-6 levels correlate positively with markers of neuronal damage. CSF TDP-43 levels significantly correlated with GFAP, suggesting a potential link with reactive gliosis and astrocyte activation. In addition, while CSF GDF-15 levels negatively correlate with MMSE scores, mediation analysis revealed that this association is primarily indirect and mediated through Aβ 1-42 levels.
Endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin to prevent pouch contractions in a patient with Indiana pouch diversion
Authors: Albayrak Emre , Mangir Naşide , Serkan Doğan Hasan , Tekgül Serdar
Published: February 2025

Continent urinary diversion is the preferred method of bladder substitution for many patients who undergo cystectomy for benign conditions. Additional interventions are often necessitated after a continent diversion to achieve continence. One such procedure is the injection of botulinum toxin into the neobladder. Previous injections into the pouch bladder have been performed percutaneously. Here we present a less invasive endoscopic injection technique where flexible equipment has been used successfully to inject botulinum toxin into the pouch bladder via the pouch stoma. We demonstrate the feasibility of the injection and its efficacy in reducing pouch contractions and the patient’s symptoms. A 36-year-old female presented with persistent urinary incontinence symptoms 1 year after Indiana pouch diversion. Despite previous conservative measures and ileocecal valve reinforcement surgery, incontinence persisted. The endoscopic injection, facilitated through the pouch stoma, proved effective in decreasing muscle contractions and alleviating spasm-like sensations without observed side effects. This case shows the feasibility, safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin injection into Indiana pouch endoscopically.
Outcomes of patients with refractory upper GI cancers enrolled in phase I trials: a 10-year analysis from the Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK Drug Development Unit
Authors: Antonella Cammarota , Kroopa Joshi , Farah Aghayeva , Rachel Woodford , Rafael Grochot , Anja Williams , Catherine Smyth Elizabeth , Elisa Fontana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Patients with unresectable upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Although phase I trials provide access to novel therapies, their benefits in this population are unclear.

Objectives:

We aimed to assess efficacy and survival outcomes of patients with refractory UGI cancers within phase I trials.

Design:

We conducted a retrospective pooled analysis of phase I trials enrolling patients with advanced UGI cancers who received at least one dose of the study drug at SCRI UK between 2011 and 2023.

Methods:

Efficacy and survival outcomes, including objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were assessed. Analyses were conducted for the entire cohort and stratified by trial agent class, molecularly matched therapy allocation and receipt of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Patients participating in multiple trials were analysed separately for each study.

Results:

From 1796 screened patients, 124 with UGI cancers were included in 37 phase I trials. Most were male (75%), with liver or peritoneal metastases (73%), treated with a median of 2 prior therapy lines. Of these, 60% received immunotherapy, 30% small molecules and 10% antibody-drug conjugates. Molecularly matched therapy was given to 22% and 86% received treatment at RP2D. In response-evaluable patients, ORR was 15%, CBR 40%, DCR 86% and median OS was 9.7 months. Treatment at RP2D was significantly associated with higher CBR (odds ratio 4.75, p = 0.04) and prolonged PFS ( p = 0.04). Depth of response and treatment at RP2D were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions:

Participation in phase I trials offers benefits in refractory upper gastrointestinal cancers with compelling results in late-line settings and potential early access to new therapies.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of furanoflavonoids isolated from Pongamia pinnata: DFT calculation, molecular modelling and in vitro studies
Authors: Nguyen Tan Khanh , Thi Pham Khanh Huyen , Trung Truong Tan , Le Nhan Trong , Ho Duc Viet , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Thi Tran Linh Thuy
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study focuses on evaluating the inhibitory activity of pongaglabrone and pongapin, isolated from Pongamia pinnata in our previous research, inhibit α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is a key target for controlling type 2 diabetes, making these compounds promising candidates for further research.

Methods

In vitro inhibitory activity assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of pongaglabrone and pongapin on α-glucosidase. Computational approaches, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, were employed to assess molecular interactions and stability. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of these compounds were also predicted.

Results

Pongapin and pongaglabrone demonstrated inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 116.5 ± 5.02 μg/mL and 137.10 ± 14.67 μg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking revealed binding affinities of 7.564 kcal/mol for pongapin and 7.929 kcal/mol for pongaglabone. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed that the complexes between the two compounds and α-glucosidase remained stable over a 200 ns simulation period, indicating favorable interactions and potential inhibitory activity. ADMET analysis suggested that while both compounds are absorbable via the digestive tract, they may present toxicity risks.

Conclusion

Pongaglabrone and pongapin, based on in vitro and in silico evaluations, demonstrate potential as anti-α-glucosidase agents.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pteris vittata L. Extracts from Metalliferous Soils: Correlations with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Nhung , Nguyen Ngoc Lien , Pham Hai Nam , Nguyen Phuong Khanh , Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Pteris vittata L. is one of the hyperaccumulator plants that can grow in heavy metal-contaminated soil. This plant may tolerate metal stress through different mechanisms, eg, by producing a wide range of secondary metabolites. These compounds play an essential role in physiological function and can also serve as rich sources of chemicals for health benefit purposes. This study aims to determine the phytochemicals of plant extracts and the relationship between these profiles with pharmacological properties to predict active agents and their interaction.

Methods

The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were measured by colorimetric assays, while the widely targeted metabolomics was applied to reveal leaf and root P. vittata metabolome. In parallel, the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of these extracts were determined by ABTS scavenging and micro-broth dilution methods. Multivariate analysis, ie, Partial Least Square Regression, calculated the correlation between metabolites and bioactivities.

Results

The results showed the significant content of phenolics and flavonoids in plants collected from mining soils of Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, and their potential ABTS scavenging activity. Additionally, the plant's metabolome characterized 82 compounds, mainly secondary metabolites. The multivariate analysis indicated the positive correlation among quercetin derivatives and bioactivity, suggesting the contribution of their combination, not individually, to the antibacterial effect of P. vittata.

Conclusion

Hyperaccumulators in metalliferous soils are potential reservoirs for exploring the antibacterial agents against multi-drug resistant strains, and this effect may be exerted by additive or synergistic mechanisms of action of multiple compounds.
Gender differences in survival rates among extreme low birth weight infants: Insight from a 16-year, single-centre study
Authors: Al Qurashi Mansour
Published: February 2025

Background

Preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1000 grams (g), extreme low birth weight (ELBW) account for approximately 0.6% of all live births. Despite their small proportion, they contribute significantly to neonatal deaths, short-term morbidities, and long-term sequalae among survivors. This study aims to evaluate the survival trends of ELBW infants over the study period and the impact of gender on survival odds.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved ELBW infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit over 16 years (2008–2023). We examined their survival trends in context with their gender to analyze impact on survival odds.

Results

Out of 336 infants who met the inclusion criteria, 175 were males (52.1%) and 161 (47.9%) were females. The mean birth weight for males was 780 g (SD = 134 g), and 770 g (SD = 132) for females, while the mean gestational age (GA) was 26.2 weeks (SD = 2.14 week) for males and 26.6 weeks (SD = 2.18 week) for females. Female ELBW infants had a higher survival rate of 78.9% compared to 68.6% for males, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.712 ( p value = 0.017). The survival advantage for females was more evident among birth weight of less than (<) 750 g (62% vs 44%) with an OR of 2.06 ( p value = 0.023).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that female ELBW infants have a higher survival rate than males, particularly with birth weight under 750 g.
Digital Collage Portraiture: An Artful Self-Inquiry Into the Archive
Authors: Neal-Stanley Amber M.
Published: February 2025

How can visual methods and aesthetics be used to present, or rather (re)present historical Black women’s perspectives? What possibilities might the arts open for archival research with/about Black women? Theoretically grounded in (re)membering, and guided by portraiture, histori artgraphy, and Black women collage artists, this paper explores these questions, offering digital collage portraiture as artful self-inquiry into the archive. To illustrate its methodological utility, the author presents two digital collage portraits that reflect the process, tensions, temporality, and contexts in which they were created. In summary, digital collage portraiture enables endarkened, feminist, and culturally situated ways of seeing, knowing, being, and becoming in archival research. It bridges the gap between raw archival data, ineffable knowledge, interiority, visual analysis, and aesthetics. In this way, digital collage portraiture as artful inquiry can serve as a medium for meaning/sense/worldmaking for Black women, across time.
Child labor in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh: A survey based analysis
Authors: Ahmed Md. Shabbir , Tajwar Tahmid , Ajmir Rubaya
Published: February 2025

Child labor is a sobering reality in a modern society, when it has been practiced over numerous decades and has led to such inhumane consequences for children. Due to poverty, poor family conditions, socio-economic fragility, phenomena like child labor have been observed globally. In terms of South Asian countries, in many instances it is a source of survival for poor families who have resorted to selling their offspring, or sending them to work, to survive. However, due to a dearth of research the full situation regarding child labor is not clear. This study, with its survey, aimed to provide more details about child labor in Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. A convenience sampling method of 40 children who work in several sectors in the city was selected, and a questionnaire administered to them. The participants socio-economic conditions, working environment, health impacts and other information were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that 62.5% of child workers had come into the working sector due to their family circumstances. It was also found that 60% of child laborers work about 8–14 hours daily and 45% reported that are physically abused at their workplace. Findings suggest policy makers, government, and NGO’s need to take collaborative endeavors to overcome this inhumane practice to achieves better condition for the children, which will also ensure a better future for the nation.
Muslim’s perception of the United States of America: The case of Said Nursi
Authors: Orhan Sadettin
Published: February 2025

What is the meaning and mission of the United States for Islam and Muslims? What was its role in the decolonization process and post-colonial period? Is it the source of all evil or the center of all goodness? What does America mean in terms of a Christian-Muslim alliance and interfaith dialogue? This article discusses the answers to these questions in the context of the views of the Islamic scholar and Quran commentator Said Nursi. Nursi’s conception of America contains inspiring and original elements not only for Muslims but also for members of other religions, especially Christians. The main argument of this study is that, in today’s world where discussions about America are in black and white, Nursi’s original approach will enable much richer and broader-minded discussions. This study, prepared by surveying Nursi’s works with a qualitative research method and an interdisciplinary approach, will contribute to the discussions on the subject.
Functional characteristics of sleep monitoring devices in China: A real-world cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Le , Weng Bingtao , Xu Xingyan , Huang Zhi , Ding Run , Si Miaomiao , Fu Yingxin , Zhu Yurui , Jiang Yu , Rao Beibei , Zhang Xinyi , Zhou Qingwei , Lin Shenglan , Guo Yansong , Xie XiaoXu
Published: February 2025

Background

Sleep monitoring devices present potential improvements to address the challenges of sleep disorders. However, systematic evaluations are lacking. This study investigates the functional characteristics of existing sleep monitoring devices in the Chinese market and delves into population preferences.

Objective

We aim to summarize the characteristics of mobile health devices with sleep monitoring function in China, analyzing product features and market prices, and collect population preferences for mobile health devices, providing a concrete basis for the ongoing development of mobile health technologies.

Methods

Data on 203 sleep devices were gathered from four major mobile shopping platforms (Tmall, JD.com, Pinduoduo, and Suning) using relevant keywords. A two-level variance model was employed to analyzed the link between device features and sales. Additionally, a structured questionnaire assessed public usage and attitudes towards these devices, with 167 responses collected via social networks.

Results

Our study found that smart bracelets, which make up 82.6% of sleep monitoring devices, effectively track heart rate, physical activity blood oxygen saturation, sleep duration, and assess sleep quality. Most devices cost under 500 RMB, influencing sales (β  = −1.111 to −3.490, p < 0.001–.002). Features such as sleep quality assessment (β=0.520, p = 0.03), measuring physical activity (β=0.464, p = 0.03) and blood oxygen saturation (β=0.465, p = 0.02) are significantly associated with higher sales volumes. Usage peaks during and after exercise (41.0%) and during sleep (21.3%), with 60.4% preferring to spend under 500 RMB.

Conclusions

The study confirms a strong preference for smart bracelets with health tracking features, particularly for sleep monitoring, at a price point below 500 RMB. These findings highlight the potential of affordable, multifunctional devices to shape the future of smart healthcare, especially through cloud-based enhancements that improve doctor-patient communication.
Transportation Barriers and Diabetes Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A. , Ochoa Aileen , LaPoint Myklynn , Kuhn Marlena L. , Dankovchik Jenine , Donovan Jenna M. , Gao Mufeng , Basu Sanjay , Hudgens Michael G. , Gold Rachel
Published: February 2025

Objective:

To estimate associations between transportation barriers and diabetes outcomes.

Methods:

Longitudinal cohort study; 86 977 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in community-based health centers were assessed for transportation barriers, with up to 36 months of follow-up after initial assessment. We compared scenarios in which individuals did not experience transportation barriers to scenarios in which they did, to estimate differences in mean hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and LDL cholesterol. For analysis, we used targeted minimum loss estimation at the following timepoints after initial transportation barrier assessment: 12 (primary), 6, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. The study period was June 24, 2016 to April 30, 2023.

Results:

We estimated that if participants did not experience transportation barriers, mean HbA1c would have been 0.09% lower (95% CI = −0.14% to −0.04%, P = .0002) at 12 months, compared to a scenario in which they did experience transportation barriers. These results were similar at other time points. We also estimated that absence of transportation barriers was associated with, at 12 months, lower SBP (−0.6mm Hg, 95% CI = −1.0mm Hg to −0.2mm Hg, P = .004) and DBP (−0.3mm Hg, 95% CI = −0.5mm Hg to −0.1mm Hg, P = .02), but not LDL (−1.1mg/dL, 95% CI = −2.6 mg/dL to 0.5 mg/dL, P = .19). Results at other time points for SBP, DBP, and LDL outcomes were similar.

Conclusions:

Absence of transportation barriers was associated with slightly lower hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure, but the small magnitude of the differences suggests that also addressing other factors may be needed to improve diabetes outcomes more meaningfully.
A Comprehensive Examination on Police Use of Force From Individual, Situational, and Structural Perspectives
Authors: Han Sungil , LaPrade Jennifer , Narvey Chelsey S. , Jang Yongseol
Published: February 2025

Police use of force continues to be a topic of much discussion in the community, media, and academia. Officer and citizen characteristics are commonly examined in use of force incidents; however, the impact of neighborhoods and structural factors are understudied. Using 7,858 use of force incidents reported by the Dallas Police Department from 2014 to 2016, this study examines the effects of individual, situational, and structural factors on use of force encounters. Results show that Black and Hispanic/Latino citizens are more likely to have more severe force used against them, even when controlling for other factors, while most situational factors showed significant associations with police use of force. Surprisingly, no structural variables showed a significant influence on police use of force.