bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders
Authors: Markov Alexander , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Aravindhan Surendar , Zekiy Angelina Olegovna , Jarahian Mostafa , Chartrand Max Stanley , Pathak Yashwant , Marofi Faroogh , Shamlou Somayeh , Hassanzadeh Ali
Published: March 2021

Over recent years, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their potential biomedical applications have received much attention from the global scientific community in an increasing manner. Firstly, MSCs were successfully isolated from human bone marrow (BM), but in the next steps, they were also extracted from other sources, mostly from the umbilical cord (UC) and adipose tissue (AT). The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has suggested minimum criteria to identify and characterize MSCs as follows: plastic adherence, surface expression of CD73, D90, CD105 in the lack of expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, and human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and also the capability to differentiate to multiple cell types including adipocyte, chondrocyte, or osteoblast in vitro depends on culture conditions. However, these distinct properties, including self-renewability, multipotency, and easy accessibility are just one side of the coin; another side is their huge secretome which is comprised of hundreds of mediators, cytokines, and signaling molecules and can effectively modulate the inflammatory responses and control the infiltration process that finally leads to a regulated tissue repair/healing or regeneration process. MSC-mediated immunomodulation is a direct result of a harmonic synergy of MSC-released signaling molecules (i.e., mediators, cytokines, and chemokines), the reaction of immune cells and other target cells to those molecules, and also feedback in the MSC-molecule-target cell axis. These features make MSCs a respectable and eligible therapeutic candidate to be evaluated in immune-mediated disorders, such as graft versus host diseases (GVHD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn’s disease (CD), and osteoarthritis (OA), and even in immune-dysregulating infectious diseases such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper discussed the therapeutic applications of MSC secretome and its biomedical aspects related to immune-mediated conditions. Sources for MSC extraction, their migration and homing properties, therapeutic molecules released by MSCs, and the pathways and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the exceptional immunoregulatory competence of MSCs were discussed. Besides, the novel discoveries and recent findings on immunomodulatory plasticity of MSCs, clinical applications, and the methods required for their use as an effective therapeutic option in patients with immune-mediated/immune-dysregulating diseases were highlighted.
Prognostic superiority of International Prognostic Index over [18F]FDG PET/CT volumetric parameters in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Montes de Jesus F. , Dierickx D. , Vergote V. , Noordzij W. , Dierckx R. A. J. O. , Deroose C. M. , Glaudemans A. W. J. M. , Gheysens O. , Kwee T. C.
Published: March 2021

Background

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a spectrum of hematological malignancies occurring after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [18F]FDG PET/CT is routinely performed at PTLD diagnosis, allowing for both staging of the disease and quantification of volumetric parameters, such as whole-body metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of MTV and TLG in PTLD patients, together with other variables of interest, such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI), organ transplant type, EBV tumor status, time after transplant, albumin levels and PTLD morphology.

Results

A total of 88 patients were included. The 1-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rates were 67%, 58% and 43% respectively. Multivariable analysis indicated that a high IPI (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.16) and an EBV-negative tumor (HR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.38–5.32) were associated with poor overall survival. Patients with a kidney transplant had a longer overall survival than any other organ recipients (HR: 0.38 95% CI: 0.16–0.89). IPI was found to be the best predicting parameter of overall survival in our cohort. Whole-body MTV, TLG, time after transplant, hypoalbuminemia and PTLD morphology were not associated with overall survival.

Conclusion

[18F]FDG PET/CT whole-body volumetric quantitative parameters were not predictive of overall survival in PTLD. In our cohort, high IPI and an EBV-negative tumor were found to predictors of worse overall survival while kidney transplant patients had a longer overall survival compared to other organ transplant recipients
Applications for CryoSat-2 satellite magnetic data in studies of Earth’s core field variations
Authors: Hammer Magnus D. , Finlay Christopher C. , Olsen Nils
Published: March 2021

We use 20 years of continuous magnetic field measurements from the Ørsted, CHAMP andSwarmsatellite missions, supplemented by calibrated platform magnetometer data from the CryoSat-2 satellite, to study time variations of the Earth’s core field at satellite altitude and at the core–mantle boundary (CMB). From the satellite data we derive composite time series of the core field secular variation (SV) with 4-month cadence, at 300 globally distributed Geomagnetic Virtual Observatories (GVO). A previous gap in the GVO series between 2010 and 2014 is successfully filled using CryoSat-2, and sub-decadal variations are identified during this period. Tests showed that similar sub-decadal SV patterns were obtained from the CryoSat-2 data regardless of whether IGRF-13 or CHAOS-6x9 was used in their calibration. Cryosat-2 radial field SV series at non-polar latitudes have a mean standard deviation level compared to smoothing spline fits of 3.5 nT/yr compared to 1.8 nT/yr for CHAMP and 0.9 nT/yr forSwarm. GVO radial SV series display regional fluctuations with 5–10 years duration and amplitudes reaching 20 nT/yr, most notably at low latitudes over Indonesia (2014), over South America and the South Atlantic (2007, 2011 and 2014), and over the central Pacific (2017). Applying the Subtractive Optimally Localized Averages (SOLA) method, we also map the radial SV at the CMB as a collection of locally averaged SV estimates. We demonstrate that using 2-year windows of CryoSat-2 data, it is possible to reliably estimate the SV and its time derivative, the secular acceleration (SA), at the CMB, with a spatial resolution, corresponding to spherical harmonic degree 10. Along the CMB geographic equator, we find strong SA features with amplitude$$\pm 2.5\mu \mathrm{T}/\mathrm{yr}^2$$±2.5μT/yr2under Indonesia from 2011–2014, under central America from 2015 to 2019, and sequences of SA with alternating sign under the Atlantic during 2004–2019. We find that platform magnetometer data from CryoSat-2 make a valuable contribution to the emerging picture of sub-decadal core field variations. Using 1-year windows of data from theSwarmsatellites, we show that it is possible to study SA changes at low latitudes on timescales down to 1 year, with spatial resolution corresponding to spherical harmonic degree 10. We find strong positive and negative SA features appearing side-by-side in the Pacific in 2017, and thereafter drift westward.
Source modeling and spectral analysis of the Crete tsunami of 2nd May 2020 along the Hellenic Subduction Zone, offshore Greece
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Gusman Aditya Riadi
Published: March 2021

Tsunami hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin (EMB) has attracted attention following three tsunamis in this basin since 2017 namely the July 2017 and October 2020 Turkey/Greece and the May 2020 offshore Crete Island (Greece) tsunamis. Unique behavior is seen from tsunamis in the EMB due to its comparatively small size and confined nature which causes several wave reflections and oscillations. Here, we studied the May 2020 event using sea level data and by applying spectral analysis, tsunami source inversion, and numerical modeling. The maximum tsunami zero-to-crest amplitudes were measured 15.2 cm and 6.5 cm at two near-field tide gauge stations installed in Ierapetra and Kasos ports (Greece), respectively. The dominant tsunami period band was 3.8–4.7 min. We developed a heterogeneous fault model having a maximum slip of 0.64 m and an average slip of 0.28 m. This model gives a seismic moment of 1.13 × 1019Nm; equivalent to Mw6.67. We observed three distinct wave trains on the wave record of the Ierapetra tide gauge: the first and the second wave trains carry waves with periods close to the source period of the tsunami, while the third train is made of a significantly-different period of 5–10 min.
Fast Fluorine-18 labeling and preclinical evaluation of novel Mucin1 and its Folate hybrid peptide conjugate for targeting breast carcinoma
Authors: Al Jammaz I. , Al-Otaibi B. , Al-Malki Y. , Abousekhrah A. , Okarvi S. M.
Published: March 2021

Background

There is a need to develop new and more potent radiofluorinated peptide and their hybrid conjugates for multiple-receptors targeting properties that overexpress on many cancers.

Methods

We have synthesized MUC1-[18F] SFB and MUC1-FA-[18F] SFB hybrid conjugates using a convenient and one-step nucleophilic displacement reaction. In vitro cell binding and in vivo evaluation in animals were performed to determine the potential of these radiolabeled compounds.

Results

Radiochemical yields for MUC1-[18F] SFB and MUC1-FA-[18F] SFB conjugates were greater than 70% in less than 30 min synthesis time. Radiochemical purities were greater than 97% without HPLC purification, which makes these approaches amenable to automation. In vitro studies on MCF7 breast cancer cells showed that the significant amounts of the radiofluorinated conjugates were associated with cell fractions and held good affinity and specificity for MCF7 cells. In vivo characterization in Balb/c mice revealed rapid blood clearance with excretion predominantly by urinary as well as hepatobiliary systems for MUC1-[18F] SFB and MUC1-FA-[18F] SFB, respectively.

Biodistribution in SCID mice bearing MCF7 xenografts, demonstrated excellent tumor uptake (12% ID/g) and favorable kinetics for MUC1-FA-[18F] SFB over MUC1-[18F]SFB. The tumor uptake was blocked by the excess co-injection of cold peptides suggesting the receptor-mediated process.

Conclusion

Initial PET/CT imaging of SCID mice with MCF7 xenografts, confirmed these observations. These results demonstrate that MUC1-FA-[18F] SFB may be a useful PET imaging probe for breast cancer detection and monitoring tumor response to the treatment.
Comparative Antioxidant Analysis of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts from South Western States in Nigeria
Authors: Olaoye Ayonposi Bukola , Ologunde Charles Ayorinde , Molehin Olorunfemi Raphael , Nwankwo Ikechukwu
Published: March 2021

Background

Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant that ethnobotanical studies have shown its inclusion in treatment of many ailments such as diarrhea, diabetes, epilepsy, wound healing and arthritis. It is a plant that was believed to originate from India but could now be found in both the tropics and the sub-topics. Earlier reports have not addressed the association between the location of plant collection and its antioxidant contents. In this study, Moringa oleifera leaves were collected from 21 locations within the south western states of Nigeria. Leaves from each of the locations were dried and evaluated for total phenols, tannin, saponin and flavonoid. DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were also evaluated.

Results

All the parameters analysed showed significant within- and between-group differences. Some locations had greater DPPH scavenging ability than the standard (quercetin).

Conclusion

Environmental parameters like annual precipitation, minimum temperature and maximum temperature, and soil type of the location of the plants showed influence on the level of antioxidant, while further analysis using metaboanalyst showed a notable effect of soil type on the antioxidant activity.
Gains and Losses in Virtual Mentorship: A Descriptive Case Study of Undergraduate Mentees and Graduate Mentors in STEM Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Speer Julie E. , Lyon Max , Johnson Julia
Published: March 2021

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic required an abrupt shift in how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research was conducted. Many undergraduate mentees and graduate mentors were forced to move into virtual mentoring. This study discusses changes in mentoring methods, research productivity, and the impact on the future plans of both mentors and mentees across six STEM departments.
Electroconvulsive therapy for depression: 80 years of progress
Authors: Kirov George , Jauhar Sameer , Sienaert Pascal , Kellner Charles H. , McLoughlin Declan M.
Published: March 2021

Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective treatment for severe, psychotic or treatment-resistant depression. However, its effectiveness continues to be questioned, both in mainstream media and narratives within the scientific literature. In this analysis, we use an evidence-based approach to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of modern electroconvulsive therapy.
Hnf1b haploinsufficiency differentially affects developmental target genes in a new renal cysts and diabetes mouse model
Authors: Niborski Leticia L. , Paces-Fessy Mélanie , Ricci Pierbruno , Bourgeois Adeline , Magalhães Pedro , Kuzma-Kuzniarska Maria , Lesaulnier Celine , Reczko Martin , Declercq Edwige , Zürbig Petra , Doucet Alain , Umbhauer Muriel , Cereghini Silvia
Published: March 2021

Heterozygous mutations in HNF1B cause the complex syndrome renal cysts and diabetes (RCAD), characterized by developmental abnormalities of the kidneys, genital tracts and pancreas, and a variety of renal, pancreas and liver dysfunctions. The pathogenesis underlying this syndrome remains unclear as mice with heterozygous null mutations have no phenotype, while constitutive/conditional Hnf1b ablation leads to more severe phenotypes. We generated a novel mouse model carrying an identified human mutation at the intron-2 splice donor site. Unlike heterozygous mice previously characterized, mice heterozygous for the splicing mutation exhibited decreased HNF1B protein levels and bilateral renal cysts from embryonic day 15, originated from glomeruli, early proximal tubules (PTs) and intermediate nephron segments, concurrently with delayed PT differentiation, hydronephrosis and rare genital tract anomalies. Consistently, mRNA sequencing showed that most downregulated genes in embryonic kidneys were primarily expressed in early PTs and the loop of Henle and involved in ion/drug transport, organic acid and lipid metabolic processes, while the expression of previously identified targets upon Hnf1b ablation, including cystic disease genes, was weakly or not affected. Postnatal analyses revealed renal abnormalities, ranging from glomerular cysts to hydronephrosis and, rarely, multicystic dysplasia. Urinary proteomics uncovered a particular profile predictive of progressive decline in kidney function and fibrosis, and displayed common features with a recently reported urine proteome in an RCAD pediatric cohort. Altogether, our results show that reduced HNF1B levels lead to developmental disease phenotypes associated with the deregulation of a subset of HNF1B targets. They further suggest that this model represents a unique clinical/pathological viable model of the RCAD disease.
AnFgfr3-activating mutation in immature murine osteoblasts affects the appendicular and craniofacial skeleton
Authors: Biosse Duplan Martin , Dambroise Emilie , Estibals Valentin , Veziers Joelle , Guicheux Jérome , Legeai-Mallet Laurence
Published: March 2021

Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of dwarfism, is caused by a missense mutation in the gene coding for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). The resulting increase in FGFR3 signaling perturbs the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (CCs), alters the process of endochondral ossification and thus reduces bone elongation. Increased FGFR3 signaling in osteoblasts (OBs) might also contribute to bone anomalies in ACH. In the present study of a mouse model of ACH, we sought to determine whether FGFR3 overactivation in OBs leads to bone modifications. The model carries an Fgfr3-activating mutation (Fgfr3Y367C/+) that accurately mimics ACH; we targeted the mutation to either immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs or to mature OBs by using the Osx-cre and collagen 1α1 (2.3 kb Col1a1)-cre mouse strains, respectively. We observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs (Osx-Fgfr3) not only perturbed the hypertrophic cells of the growth plate (thus affecting long bone growth) but also led to osteopenia and low cortical thickness in long bones in adult (3-month-old) mice but not growing (3-week-old) mice. Importantly, craniofacial membranous bone defects were present in the adult mice. In contrast, activation of Fgfr3 in mature OBs (Col1-Fgfr3) had very limited effects on skeletal shape, size and micro-architecture. In vitro, we observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs was associated with low mineralization activity. In conclusion, immature OBs appear to be affected by Fgfr3 overactivation, which might contribute to the bone modifications observed in ACH independently of CCs.
Physiological adjustments to high foraging effort negatively affect fecundity but not final reproductive output in captive zebra finches
Authors: Yap Kang Nian , Powers Donald R. , Vermette Melissa L. , Tsai Olivia Hsin-I , Williams Tony D.
Published: March 2021

Foraging at elevated rates to provision offspring is thought to be an energetically costly activity and it has been suggested that there are physiological costs associated with the high workload involved. However, for the most part, evidence for costs of increased foraging and/or reproductive effort is weak. Furthermore, despite some experimental evidence demonstrating negative effects of increased foraging and parental effort, the physiological mechanisms underlying costs associated with high workload remain poorly understood. To examine how high workload affects haematology, oxidative stress and reproductive output, we experimentally manipulated foraging effort in captive zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, using a previously described technique, and allowed individuals to breed first in low foraging effort conditions and then in high foraging effort conditions. We found that birds upregulated haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration in response to training. Birds subjected to increased workload during reproduction had lower fecundity, although final reproductive output was not significantly different than that of controls. Offspring of parents subjected to high workload during reproduction also had higher oxidative stress when they were 90 days of age. Total antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen metabolites of birds responded differently in the two breeding attempts, but we did detect an overall increase in oxidative stress in response to training in either attempt, which could explain the lower fecundity observed in birds subjected to increased workload during reproduction.
Altered cerebral blood flow in patients with unilateral venous pulsatile tinnitus: an arterial spin labeling study
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Zhao Pengfei , Qiu Xiaoyu , Lv Han , Ding Heyu , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Abnormal neuronal activity and functional connectivity have been reported in patients with venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT). As neuronal activity is closely coupled to regional brain perfusion, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in patients with unilateral venous PT using arterial spin labeling (ASL).

Methods:

This study included patients with right-sided PT between January 2018 and July 2019. A healthy control (HC) group matched 1:1 for gender and age was also recruited. All subjects underwent ASL scanning using 3.0T MRI. The correlation between altered CBF and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score as well as PT duration was analyzed.

Results

Twenty-one patients with right-sided PT and 21 HCs were included. The mean PT duration of the patients was 35.9 ± 32.2 months, and the mean THI score was 64.1 ± 20.3. Compared with the HCs, the PT patients exhibited increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus and decreased CBF in the bilateral lingual gyrus (family-wise error corrected, p < 0.05). The increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus showed a positive correlation with the THI score in PT patients (r = 0.501, p = 0.021).

Conclusions

PT patients exhibit regional CBF alterations. The increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus may reflect the severity of PT.

Advances in knowledge:

This study not only presents evidence for the potential neuropathology of PT from the perspective of CBF alterations but also offers a new method for investigating the neuropathological mechanism of PT.
Reference rot degrades information preservation and induces the loss of intellectual integrity
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: March 2021

The age of open access has ushered in a greater desire to cross-cite information from a multitude of sources, some of which may have a determined fate and life cycle. Information insecurity caused by the loss or transposition of information also negatively impacts information integrity by reducing its use and usefulness. Reference rot refers to the phenomenon in which the link to a web resource or journal article URL no longer function, revealing instead a “404 not found” error message. Reference rot can reduce the reliability and usefulness of a manuscript because access to information supporting claims and/or positions within a paper ceases to exist. Academic papers carry a complex mixture of information that is derived from a multitude of sources. Collectively, they ensure a paper’s health and functionality, aspects that fade as access to supporting information becomes truncated, i.e., reference rot, ultimately reducing the usefulness of the academic paper, and making it, and its claims, unreliable. Although it is a cumbersome task, as the curators of academic and scientific information, extant journals and their editors should revisit URLs in the reference lists regularly to update any broken links or URLs, and correct reference lists accordingly. This laborious task should involve close coordination between editors and authors to ensure, as best as possible, the sustained integrity of citations and thus the information backbone of a manuscript. An academic paper with a strong, or fortified, citation base, has greater information integrity, reliability and use for science and society.
Barriers to access and utilization of healthcare by children with neurological impairments and disability in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Mwangi Lucy W. , Abuga Jonathan A. , Cottrell Emma , Kariuki Symon M. , Kinyanjui Samson M. , Newton Charles RJC.
Published: March 2021

Background: Neurological impairments (NI) and disability are common among survivors of childhood mortality in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a systematic review to examine the barriers limiting access and utilization of biomedical care by children and adolescents with NI in LMICs.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 01/01/1990 and 14/11/2019 to identify relevant studies. We included all reports on barriers limiting access and utilization of preventive, curative, and rehabilitative care for children aged 0-19 years with NI in five domains: epilepsy, and cognitive, auditory, visual, and motor function impairment. Data from primary studies were synthesized using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and we report a synthesized analysis of the barriers identified in the primary studies.

Results: Our literature searches identified 3,074 reports of which 16 were included in the final analysis. Fourteen studies (87.5%) originated from rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Factors limiting access and utilization of healthcare services in >50% of the studies were: financial constraints (N=15, 93.8%), geographical inaccessibility (N=11, 68.8%), inadequate healthcare resources (N=11, 68.8%), inadequate education/awareness (N=9, 56.3%), and prohibitive culture/beliefs (N=9, 56.3%). Factors reported in <50% of the studies related to the attitude of the patient, health worker, or society (N=7, 43.8%), poor doctor-patient communication (N=5, 31.3%), physical inaccessibility (N=3, 18.8%), and a lack of confidentiality for personal information (N=2, 12.5%). Very few reports were identified from outside Africa preventing a statistical analysis by continent and economic level.

Conclusions: Financial constraints, geographic inaccessibility, and inadequate healthcare resources were the most common barriers limiting access and utilization of healthcare services by children with NI in LMICs.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42020165296 (28/04/2020)
Heidegger: La existencia paradójica en la finitud del Dasein.
Authors: Chillón José Manuel
Published: March 2021

La autenticidad de la existencia humana depende de una correcta correlación de los éxtasis temporales fundados en el futuro marcado por la muerte que el Dasein palpa desde la angustia. De esta manera, el vivir auténtico que se hace cargo de la temporalidad, ¿no supone ya una existencia neurótica? El artículo propone la necesidad de salvar este escollo desde la comprensión de lo que denominaré la trama psicológica de la existencia que, en el contexto de la Eigentlichkeit y de la Uneigentlichkeit, exige que la disposición afectiva de la angustia, se entienda completada por la de la serenidad. No se trata de salvar la finitud pero sí de una cierta redención en la finitud.
El método fenomenológico en los seminarios de Zollikon de Martin Heidegger.
Authors: Expósito Ropero Noé
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo, centrado en los Seminarios de Zollikon de Martin Heidegger, abordo la ambigua y compleja relación entre Heidegger, Husserl y la fenomenología, mediada por la problemática del método fenomenológico. La tesis que pretendo mostrar es que, a pesar de la postura explícita de Heidegger, en la que se muestra crítico con su maestro, Heidegger estaría asumiendo, implícitamente, tanto el método como la fenomenología de Husserl, la cual es puesta en práctica en estos Seminarios. Para mostrar esta tesis, analizo dos nociones fundamentales de la fenomenología de Husserl, en las que Heidegger basa toda su argumentación: cuerpo (Körper) y cuerpo vivido (Leib).
Ψυχή y Bewegtheit: el alma como movimiento en la interpretación heideggeriana temprana de Aristóteles.
Authors: Zocchi Elisa
Published: March 2021

In his early thought, Heidegger reads Aristotle and gets from him an important idea of moods (Stimmungen). At first he denounces the metaphysical interpretation of ψυχή as ουσία, which leads to think that moods are something to remove. Heidegger claims that soul is instead a movement-towards: human being is moved by his πάθη. Motility is not just a physical problem but an anthropological element, given by moods. At the beginning of each movement there is a στέρησις, a lack: soul’s limit, human finitude. Movement is the real essence of facticity: Stimmungen and Bewegtheit are almost the same.
Epoché y estar-en-el-mundo: Husserl y Heidegger sobre el concepto de mundo.
Authors: Daniele Luigi
Published: March 2021

Scopo del presente lavoro è indagare il concetto di mondo in Husserl e Heidegger atraverso l’analisi dei concetti di epoché ed essere-nel-mondo. Attraverso la messa in luce della fenomenologia husserliana come egologia e l’esplicazione del tema dell’intersoggettività viene mostrato come la nozione di essere-nel-mondo in Heidegger costituisce una maniera originale di porre la questione del rapporto tra Dasein e mondo, e viene mostrato che conseguenze hanno sul concetto di intenzionalità le differenze tra i due autori.
Conservative Accounting, Audit Quality, and Litigation
Authors: Kronenberger Sebastian , Laux Volker
Published: March 2021

Investors are much more likely to sue corporations and their auditors for overstated earnings reports than for understated reports. This asymmetry in litigation exposure is viewed as an important driver for conservative accounting practices in corporations because conservatism reduces the probability of overstatements and hence, investor litigation. This argument is incomplete, however, because it ignores that litigation concerns also affect the incentives of the auditor, which, in turn, affect the firm’s optimal reporting system. We find that the threat of litigation encourages firms to report more conservatively only when the auditor’s cost of detecting misstatements is relatively high but promotes less conservative reporting when the auditor’s cost of auditing is low.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting
Data Exploration by Representative Region Selection: Axioms and Convergence
Authors: Estes Alexander S. , Ball Michael O. , Lovell David J.
Published: March 2021

We present a new type of unsupervised learning problem in which we find a small set of representative regions that approximates a larger data set. These regions may be presented to a practitioner along with additional information in order to help the practitioner explore the data set. An advantage of this approach is that it does not rely on cluster structure of the data. We formally define this problem, and we present axioms that should be satisfied by functions that measure the quality of representatives. We provide a quality function that satisfies all of these axioms. Using this quality function, we formulate two optimization problems for finding representatives. We provide convergence results for a general class of methods, and we show that these results apply to several specific methods, including methods derived from the solution of the optimization problems formulated in this paper. We provide an example of how representative regions may be used to explore a data set.
Optimal Contract Under Asymmetric Information About Fairness
Authors: Pavlov Valery , Katok Elena , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2021

Problem definition: To improve the poor performance of supply chains caused by misaligned incentives under the wholesale price contract, theory proposes coordinating contracts. However, a common finding of experimental studies testing such contracts is that they tend to yield only a marginal, if any, performance improvement over wholesale pricing. These studies identify several behavioral factors that are at play but none accounted for by the theory proposing coordinating contracts. Among them, identified as the single most detrimental for the supply chain performance, is incomplete information about preferences for fairness causing contract rejections. Can the supply chain performance be improved with a contract designed allowing for this type of information asymmetry? What does this contract (mechanism) look like? Academic/practical relevance: The extant research characterized the optimal contracting mechanisms for such important practical cases as the suppliers’ private information about production cost or the retailers’ private information about the end customer demand. The present study addresses the gap in another important practical case: when the source of information asymmetry is the private information about preferences for fairness. Methodology: The underlying research method is mechanism design. Results: We prove that the optimal mechanism consists of a single contract positioned on the Pareto frontier and characterize the optimal profit split between the supplier and the retailer. We show that, under a wide range of preferences for fairness, the efficiency loss because of private information is strictly positive, but exceptions are possible. We also show that the optimal mechanism can be implemented with a variety of commonly used in practice and widely studied in academic literature contracts, including the minimum order quantity and the two-part tariff ones. Managerial implications: We establish a direct link between a large volume of theoretical and empirical literature on social preferences with the research on supply chain contracts. Because rejections that are because of incomplete information are an important cause of contract inefficiency observed in the laboratory, managers should avoid take it or leave it offers when they negotiate contracts. Instead, the bargaining process should be geared toward discovering the extent of the fairness preferences of the contracting parties.
Extended Producer Responsibility for Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Alev Işıl , Atasu Atalay , Toktay L. Beril , Zhang Can
Published: March 2021

Problem definition: We investigate the effectiveness of different extended producer responsibility (EPR) implementation models for pharmaceuticals. In particular, we study two viable and prevalent models: (1) source reduction (SR), where a form of fee on sale is imposed on producers, and (2) end-of-pipe control (EC), where producers are made responsible for the collection of unused pharmaceuticals. Academic/practical relevance: The existing literature on EPR implementation models has focused primarily on nonconsumable products (e.g., electronics), whereas there is limited research on the effectiveness of different EPR implementation models for pharmaceuticals used in practice. We aim to fill this gap in this study. Methodology: We develop a game-theoretic model to characterize the equilibrium strategies of different stakeholders under both the SR and EC models and compare the resulting producer profit, environmental/social impact, and total welfare. Results: In contrast to the nonconsumable contexts where the SR model is shown to maximize total welfare, the EC model leads to a higher total welfare for certain categories of pharmaceuticals because of its effectiveness in eliminating overprescription. Moreover, we characterize conditions under which stakeholder (e.g., producer, environmental/social advocacy groups) preferences toward EPR implementation model choices are (mis-)aligned. We further show that limiting the social planner’s budget surplus under SR can eliminate the preference misalignment but leads to a loss of total welfare. Managerial implications: (1) Policymakers should be cautious about directly applying preferred EPR models from other product categories to the pharmaceutical setting. (2) The EC model maximizes the objectives of all stakeholders for a salient category of pharmaceuticals with high health benefits, high collection costs, and high environmental/social costs. (3) Policymakers should give thought to differentiating EPR implementation models across pharmaceutical categories. (4) It is important to carefully quantify the health impact of the pharmaceuticals and the operational cost parameters to inform policymaking.
Inventory Integration with Rational Consumers
Authors: Aflaki Arian , Swinney Robert
Published: March 2021

Retailers have increasingly pursued initiatives to combine inventory located throughout their enterprise into a single stock from which customers anywhere in their distribution network may purchase. Also known as inventory pooling, this practice is well known to generate operational value by reducing inventory requirements and stock-outs. In “Inventory Integration with Rational Consumers,” Aflaki and Swinney examine a different consequence of pooling: how it influences customer purchasing behavior. They show that integration can lead to behavioral consequences resulting from changing customer purchasing incentives, especially for seasonal goods that are sold in end-of-season clearance sales. These behavioral effects can be negative, and can even outweigh the operational benefits of pooling, if pooling leads to an increase in clearance sale inventory availability that encourages more customers to wait for discounts before buying. Specific conditions that lead to negative (or positive) behavioral value of integration are discussed. Overall, the results illustrate that the ways customers react to inventory pooling can be just as important as its operational consequences.
i am keeping my cultural hat on: exploring a ‘culture-enabling’ philosophy for/with children practice
Authors: Elicor Peter paul
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I offer a preliminary sketch of a culture-enabling Philosophy for/with Children practice. It is an approach to engaging philosophically with children that aims to encourage the exercise of critical reflection at the level of their respective cultures. This kind of P4wC practice hopes to address the challenges in facilitating philosophical dialogues with culturally/ethnically-diverse groups, especially when prejudice and negative stereotypes towards cultural/ethnic minorities are prevalent. Its focus is on helping children become cognizant of their cultural situatedness and its impact on their thinking and attitude towards dialogue. Underlying this practice is the assumption that Philosophy is fundamentally a worldview and a method that is embedded in the culture where it is created, validated, and used. Such a manner of doing philosophy recognizes that children are active bearers of culture and are entitled to educational opportunities, like P4wC, that can empower them to think for themselves and with others while staying grounded on their cultural backgrounds. Thus, the Community of Inquiry functions as a caring space where intercultural understanding and critical affirmation of cultures are fostered and sustained. In connection, I suggest that a culture-enabling P4wC teacher should have three desired traits: a) openness to various cultural resources and frames, b) a sense of critical positionality, and c) partiality to the culturally marginalized.
O uso terapêutico dos alimentos em meados do século XIX
Authors: Leão Letícia Pereira , Murta Nadja Maria Gomes
Published: March 2021

Introdução: No decorrer do século XIX surgiram as primeiras informações a respeito das substâncias químicas contidas nos alimentos. A partir dessas descobertas, a higiene alimentar como meio terapêutico estabeleceu critérios para a prescrição de azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono), bem como recomendações alimentares nos diferentes ciclos de vida e estados de convalescença. Objetivos: Este trabalhou buscou analisar como e para que fins eram prescritos alguns alimentos cuja composição química era caracterizada pela presença do azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono). Método: Foram utilizados como fonte de pesquisa os cadernos de visitas (prontuários) de embarcações encontrados no Arquivo Histórico da Marinha Portuguesa, os tratados médicos do período e publicações referentes à história da ciência e nutrição. Resultados e discussão: Nos cadernos de visitas consultados (anos 1859 e1863), as refeições à base de alimentos de origem animal (ricos em azote), como os caldos de carne e de galinha, foram as mais prescritas aos doentes, pois se pautavam nos princípios da dieta fibrinosa, que promovia a reparação tecidual e crescimento da matéria orgânica. Considerações finais: Ao longo dos dois últimos séculos, muitas teorias a respeito da função dos alimentos se modificaram, mas parte significativa de seus pressupostos foram constituídos no decorrer do século XIX.
Tympanic thermometers support fast and accurate temperature monitoring in acute and alternative care
Authors: Hill Barry , Mitchell Aby
Published: March 2021

This article explores body temperature and the physiological process of thermoregulation. Normal body temperature and body temperature changes are discussed, including comorbidities associated with body temperature and signs of hyperthermia and hypothermia, and the factors that affect intraoperative temperature regulation. The evidence base behind thermometry is discussed and is applied to contemporary clinical conditions and symptoms, including: sepsis and suspected COVID-19. After discussing clinical considerations and regulations that encompass thermometry, three case studies present the use of the Genius 3 Tympanic Thermometer in clinical practice, with user feedback supporting its benefits, which include speed, accuracy and ease of use.
Providing support and raising awareness of a delicate subject
Authors: Akers Clare
Published: March 2021

Clare Akers, Clinical Nurse Practitioner, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, was runner up in the urology nurse of the year category in the BJN Awards 2020
The role of nutrition in wound healing: an overview
Authors: Ghaly Paul , Iliopoulos Jim , Ahmad Mehtab
Published: March 2021

Wounds are a commonly encountered and complex entity in healthcare, and often require multidisciplinary involvement for their management. Wound care and healing are affected by a range of factors of which nutrition, a modifiable factor, plays an integral part. Familiarity with the phases of wound healing and the differing nutritional requirements at each stage is fundamental to managing wounds. Additionally, awareness of the signs of malnutrition, screening tools and educational resources for managing malnutrition in primary care settings are all vital to minimising malnutrition and its adverse effects on wound healing. This article reviews the phases of wound healing and the associated nutritional requirements required for optimal healing, the clinical signs of malnutrition and screening resources for identifying at-risk groups, as well as reviewing current guidelines for managing malnutrition in the inpatient and outpatient setting.
Molar Intrusion using TADs in the Management of an Anterior Open Bite: A Case Report
Authors: Sampson Ariane , Sattarzadeh Ali Payam
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of an anterior open bite ranges in the literature from 1.5% to 11%, with great racial variance. Stable non-surgical treatment of an anterior open bite is notoriously unpredictable, with a high risk of relapse and an uncertainty of true skeletal change. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are increasingly used to enhance and simplify orthodontic biomechanics, enabling clinicians to push the boundaries of orthodontic treatment. In anterior open bite cases, TADs may be used predictably for molar intrusion and improvement of the overbite. We describe a 16-year-old male with a Class I incisal relationship on a skeletal I base and increased vertical proportions, complicated by a 4-mm anterior open bite secondary to a previous digit sucking habit. Treatment involved fixed orthodontic appliances on an extraction basis, and molar intrusion using TADs. TADs provide a safe and effective alternative to reducing an anterior bite in a patient whose growth is complete.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the options for the treatment of an anterior open bite and the limits of orthodontic camouflage will help clinicians provide their patients with the necessary information with which to make informed decisions.
The Use of Coronectomy to Manage Symptomatic Mandibular Third Molars: Techniques, Pitfalls and Suggested Guidelines
Authors: Bolt Robert , Hirani Murtaza , Kyriakidou Elena , El-Awa Abdurahman , Atkins Simon , Shah Preeni
Published: March 2021

Coronectomy is a valuable technique in the management of symptomatic mandibular third molars at high risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury. When applied appropriately, the technique may reduce the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injury in comparison to full surgical removal. Currently, no definitive guidelines exist on when to opt for coronectomy versus full surgical removal, and therefore significant variation in clinical practice exists. This article summarizes the surgical stages involved in the coronectomy procedure, reviews the indications and hazards of the technique, and finally provides suggested guidelines to assist the practitioner in the decision-making process of when to opt for coronectomy versus full surgical removal in the management of symptomatic mandibular third molars.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To review the coronectomy technique and highlight potential hazards with inappropriate application of the technique.
The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma gel on full-thickness cartilage defect repair in a rabbit model
Authors: Slimi Fathia , Zribi Wassim , Trigui Moez , Amri Raja , Gouiaa Nawrez , Abid Cyrine , Rebai Mohammed Ali , Boudawara Tahia , Jebahi Samira , Keskes Hassib
Published: March 2021

Aims

The present study investigates the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel without adjunct to induce cartilage regeneration in large osteochondral defects in a rabbit model.

Methods

A bilateral osteochondral defect was created in the femoral trochlear groove of 14 New Zealand white rabbits. The right knees were filled with PRP gel and the contralateral knees remained untreated and served as control sides. Some animals were killed at week 3 and others at week 12 postoperatively. The joints were harvested and assessed by Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) MRI scoring system, and examined using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic and ICRS histological scoring systems. Additionally, the collagen type II content was evaluated by the immunohistochemical staining.

Results

After 12 weeks post-surgery, the defects of the PRP group were repaired by hyaline cartilage-like tissue. However, incomplete cartilage regeneration was observed in the PRP group for three weeks. The control groups showed fibrocartilaginous or fibrous tissue, respectively, at each timepoint.

Conclusion

Our study proved that the use of PRP gel without any adjuncts could successfully produce a good healing response and resurface the osteochondral defect with a better quality of cartilage in a rabbit model. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(3):192–202.
Multilayered L-shaped nanoantenna arrays with an increased electric field enhancement
Authors: Khoshdel Vahid , Shokooh-Saremi Mehrdad
Published: March 2021

The performance of the composite metal/dielectric multilayered L-shaped nanoantennas for strong electric field enhancement has been investigated. The bonding and antibonding modes arising from the plasmon hybridization modes of the multilayered nanoantennas are presented. It is observed that the plasmon coupling of the proposed composite nanostructures can form three states of in-phase bonding, out-of-phase bonding and out-of-phase antibonding. The out-of-phase charge distribution indicates that dark plasmon modes can be revealed on the bonding modes of the proposed multilayered structures. The response of the proposed L-shaped nanoantennas to the attachment of a dielectric spherical nanoparticle and their molecular sensitivity are investigated. According to this study, the proposed multilayered nanostructures are good candidates for strong electric field localization in sensing and detection applications.