bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Differences Between Rush Rhees and Simone Weil
Authors: Mounce H.O.
Published: December 2019

Rhees seems unaware that Simone Weil differed from him both in her conception of philosophy and of its relation to religion. She differed also in her view of the relation between religion and science. On her view, the aim of science is to find the laws which will allow us to apply deductive reasoning to nature. The necessities revealed had for her a religious significance. But this can be understood only given her view of the relation between God and the world. On her view, the creation of the world did not involve an extension of God's power. It involved a withdrawal of his power, so that there could be an existence independent of himself. God does not interfere in the details of the world but sustains it through a network of necessities. For this reason, these necessities can serve as a sign of God.
Seeing Transparency More Clearly
Authors: Pozen David E.
Published: December 2019

In recent years, transparency has been proposed as the solution to, and the cause of, a remarkable range of public problems. The proliferation of seemingly contradictory claims about transparency becomes less puzzling, this essay argues, when one appreciates that transparency is not, in itself, a coherent normative ideal. Nor does it have a straightforward instrumental relationship to any primary goals of governance. To gain greater purchase on how transparency policies operate, scholars must move beyond abstract assumptions and drill down to the specific legal, institutional, historical, political, and cultural contexts in which these policies are crafted and implemented. The field of transparency studies, in other words, is due for a “sociological turn.”
Country size, technology, and Ricardian comparative advantage
Authors: Ara Tomohiro
Published: December 2019

We develop a Ricardian model with heterogeneous firms in which country size and technology play a crucial role in the firm‐level variables. We show that a country with larger size and better technology exhibits higher productivity and lower price–cost margins even under assumptions of C.E.S. preferences and monopolistic competition. Welfare is higher in this country, not only due to the increased product variety but also due to increased competition in a domestic market. We also show that country size and technology impact critically on the intensive margin as well as the extensive margin in the gravity equation.
A Quantitative Framework to Inform Extrapolation Decisions in Children
Authors: Wadsworth Ian , Hampson Lisa V. , Jaki Thomas , Sills Graeme J. , Marson Anthony G. , Appleton Richard
Published: December 2019

When developing a new medicine for children, the potential to extrapolate from adult efficacy data is well recognized. However, significant assumptions about the similarity of adults and children are needed for extrapolations to be biologically plausible. One such assumption is that of similar exposure–response (E–R-) relationships. Motivated by applications to antiepileptic drug development, we consider how data that are available from existing trials of adults and adolescents can be used to quantify prior uncertainty about whether E–R-relationships are similar in adults and younger children. A Bayesian multivariate meta-analytic model is fitted to existing E–R-data and adjusted for external biases that arise because these data are not perfectly relevant to the comparison of interest. We propose a strategy for eliciting expert prior opinion on external biases. From the bias-adjusted meta-analysis, we derive prior distributions quantifying our uncertainty about the degree of similarity between E–R-relationships for adults and younger children. Using these we calculate the prior probability that average pharmacodynamic responses in adults and younger children, both on placebo and at an effective concentration, are sufficiently similar to justify a complete extrapolation of efficacy data. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the operating characteristics of the approach proposed.
PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells from patients with tuberculosis exhibit elevated production of CXCL13
Authors: Jiang Jing , Cao Zhihong , Qu Jiuxin , Liu Houming , Han Hongxing , Cheng Xiaoxing
Published: December 2019

To understand functional role of PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells during tuberculosis infection in humans, sorted PD‐1+ and PD‐1− MAIT cells from pleural effusions of patients with pleural tuberculosis were subjected to transcriptome sequencing. PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells were analysed by flow cytometry and their phenotypic and functional features were investigated. Transcriptome sequencing identified 144 genes that were differentially expressed between PD‐1+ and PD‐1− MAIT cells from tuberculous pleural effusions and CXCL13 was the gene with highest fold difference. The level of PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells was associated with extent of TB infection in humans. PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells had increased production of CXCL13 and IL‐21 as determined by flow cytometry. PD‐1highCXCR5− MAIT cells were significantly expanded in pleural effusions from patients with pleural tuberculosis as compared with those from peripheral blood of both patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Although PD‐1highCXCR5− MAIT cells from tuberculous pleural effusions had reduced IFN‐γ level and increased expression of Tim‐3 and GITR, they showed activated phenotype and had higher glucose uptake and lipid content. It is concluded that PD‐1‐expressing MAIT cells had reduced IFN‐γ level but increased production of both CXCL13 and IL‐21.
Subject, Topic and Definiteness in Finnish
Authors: Brattico Pauli
Published: December 2019

Some languages, such as Hungarian and Finnish, utilize information structure (e.g., topic, focus) in their word ordering. Among such languages, subject behavior is often claimed to be related to topicality. This article argues that contrary to the claims made in the previous literature, Finnish does not grammaticalize topics; instead, the alleged topic behavior results from a definiteness effect, according to which definiteDPs are treated as preferred preverbal subjects. This creates an illusion of topicalization. An analysis is provided according to which the finite clauseEPPis universally involved in acquiring two nominal features, φ‐features (such as number and person) and D (definiteness), and that, due to the presence of strong phi‐agreement, Finnish has the option of filling in the preverbal subject position by a non‐agreeing nonsubject phrase checking only the D‐feature. In agreement with this hypothesis, verb‐initial clauses are argued to contain anNP‐argument representing a predicate, not a logicalDPargument.
From Sectors to Circuits: Re‐Describing Senegambian In/Formal Practices in Europe, and Beyond
Authors: Schapendonk Joris , Ekenhorst Marieke
Published: December 2019

While earlier accounts approach the informal economy as a sign of underdevelopment, particularly in the Global South, recent studies tend to re‐frame informal economic practices by acknowledging how it allows various actors to create spaces to manoeuvre. In this context, scholars emphasise the multiple linkages between formal and informal economic domains. To push this notion of intersected practices further, we move away from the notion of the ‘informal sector’ – as a domain with clear demarcations and introduce the notion of in/formal circuits. The latter highlights the multiple interrelations between activities and fluid geographies involved. From this starting point we analyse the socio‐economic activities of Senegalese and Gambian migrants living in Europe. Based on ethnographic fieldwork that started in Barcelona but also involved other places, we illustrate the ways they navigate in/formal circuits and the extent to which these navigations come with mobility within Europe, and beyond.
Breed‐specific reference intervals of hematologic variables in Shami goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) with the possible effects of age and sex
Authors: Al‐Rukibat Raida , Ismail Zuhair
Published: December 2019

Background

Shami goats are an economically and sentimentally important breed of goats in the Mediterranean region. Shami goats are known for superior fecundity and productivity compared with other indigenous breeds. Shami goats also appear to be more susceptible to various infectious and production‐related diseases. Therefore, the establishment of breed‐specific hematologic reference intervals (RIs) is required.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to establish breed‐specific RIs of some hematologic variables in Shami goats and to report the effects of age and sex on these values.

Methods

A total of 100 Shami goats were used to determine the total red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), total whitle blood cell (WBC) count, absolute values, and the percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (N/L), using traditional manual laboratory methods.

Results

Reference intervals of several variables in Shami goats were generated according to the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. Females were found to have significantly higher RBC, MCHC, and WBC values, while males were found to have significantly higher MCV values and lower neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. Adult goats were found to have significantly higher RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, WBC values, and neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers compared with juvenile goats.

Conclusion

Data presented here could be used as baseline information to evaluate the health status of Shami goats and assist in reaching a diagnosis for several pathologic diseases.
Development and validation of a graphic 2D investigator’s global assessment instrument for grading the overall severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs
Authors: High Endya J. , Olivry Thierry
Published: December 2019

Background

Clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) use validated instruments that aggregate the extent and severity of selected skin lesions; none of these provides a global assessment of the severity of all lesions.

Objectives

To validate an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) instrument to globally evaluate the severity of skin lesions in dogs with AD.

Animals

Forty dogs with AD.

Methods and materials

A 2D graphic IGA (2D‐IGA) instrument was created to subjectively score, with a single dot, the overall extent and severity of all canine AD lesions. This tool was tested for its validity (content, construct and criterion), reliability (inter‐ and intraobserver) and sensitivity to change.

Results

The content of the 2D‐IGA was first validated by a supportive vote by the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) membership. Its construct was verified by positive correlations between the 2D‐IGA scores and those of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) and the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) (Spearman’s rank‐order correlation, P < 0.0001). The positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between an Owner Global Assessment of Disease Severity (OGADS) and the 2D‐IGA indirectly satisfied its criterion. Scores graded by the same investigator hours apart and those between investigators were positively correlated (P < 0.0001), thereby validating this scale's intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities. Finally, the changes in 2D‐IGA values during treatment were correlated positively with scores of an Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE; P < 0.0001), thus showing its sensitivity to change.

Conclusions and clinical importance

This novel 2D‐IGA is a simple static graphic instrument that could be useful for clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions for canine AD.
A complex biogeographic history of diversification in Neotropical lancehead pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae)
Authors: Hamdan Breno , Guedes Thaís B. , Carrasco Paola A. , Melville Jane
Published: December 2019

Based on the literature, we had predicted that the diversification within the Neotropical snake genusBothropsoccurred along a latitudinal gradient from north to south, with diversification into unoccupied niches through ecological opportunity, not correlated with geoclimatic events. Using a dated phylogeny and estimating likelihoods of ancestral states at cladogenesis events, we reconstructed ancestral areas and assessed major events of the diversification ofBothropsclades, and we also discuss systematic implications for this group. Based on the phylogeny we produced,B. lojanuswas not considered as part of the genusBothropssince the results recovered this species nested within theBothrocophiasclade. We infer that the diversification of the MioceneBothrops pictusandBothrops alternatusclades may be related to the uplift of the western slopes of the Andes and the Argentinian Patagonian Andes, respectively. The PlioceneBothrops taeniatusandBothrops osborneiclades may be related to the uplift of the eastern and northern Andes, respectively. The Plio‐PleistoceneBothrops neuwiediclade may be related to the habitat transitions from a warmer and forested environment to a cooler and open landscape; theBothrops jararaca(i.e. island endemic species) andBothrops lanceolatusclades to over‐water dispersal with island speciation; andBothrops atroxclade to the appearance of the Panamanian land bridge. We found that a multitemporal and multidirectional history of diversification may be correlated with geoclimatic and dispersalist events. We argue that the vacant niche hypothesis by itself does not explainBothropsdiversification.
The Current Status of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Development in China
Authors: Hu Mingruo
Published: December 2019

Potentially large amount of hydrogen resource in China could theoretically supply 100 × 106 fuel cell passenger cars yearly. The Chinese government highly values the hydrogen and fuel cell technology. Policies and plans have been put forward densely in the recent five years. Numerous companies, research institutes, and universities are developing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-related technologies. A preliminary local supplier chain of fuel cell-related technology has been formed. However, the lifetime is still a key issue for the fuel cell technology. More than 3500 fuel cell range extender electric vehicles were manufactured during 2016 and 2018, and at the beginning of 2019, there have been more than 40 hydrogen refueling stations including both under operation and under construction. It is estimated the number of fuel cell-based electric vehicles will reach 36,000 by the end of 2020; therefore, lack of hydrogen refueling station has become a key restriction for development of the fuel cell vehicle industry.
Nanorods of Bi–Co–S for Electrocatalysis of Glucose Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yu Bin , Liu Ya , Miao Yuqing
Published: December 2019

In order to develop a non-precious metal-based catalyst, Bi–Co–S nanorods were prepared by a simple solvothermal method. The morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to study the electrochemical oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium. Bi–Co–S nanorods with different ratio of Bi/Co were modified on the electrode and their electrocatalytic activities were compared. The results showed that Bi–Co–S nanorods with the 1:2 ratio of Bi/Co exhibited the lowest initial potential and the highest catalytic current. In addition, Bi–Co–S nanorods showed long-term durability. The introduction of Co significantly improves the catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the excellent performance of Bi–Co–S nanorods may be due to the synergy between the two sulfides.
Evaluation of Critical Crack Orientations and Crack Growth Analysis in Compressor Blade Root Subjected to Fatigue
Authors: Ramesh K. , Thomre Muktai
Published: December 2019

Aero-engine compressor blade and disk assemblies are subjected to radially outward centrifugal force due to blade rotation and the bending of the blade due to gas pressure. Static analysis is done initially to find the critical crack orientation at the root of the blade. With simulated initial cracks, the cracks are allowed to grow in low cycle fatigue (LCF) and isochromatics are captured at selected intervals. Using digital photoelasticity, isochromatic images are used along with an over-deterministic least-squares approach to find the fracture parameters. As the stress fields are very complex, a multiparameter solution with a higher number of parameters was needed to model the stress field. Crack growth angles are evaluated using maximum tangential stress (MTS), strain energy density (SED), and generalized MTS (GMTS) criteria. It is observed that the GMTS criterion predicted closer results to that of experimental values, which implied the significance of T-stress in predicting the crack growth angle.
Experimental Study of the Stationkeeping of a Floater Using Passive Flapping Flat Plates in Waves
Authors: Sim Woo-Lim , Shin Hyunkyoung , Kumar Rupesh
Published: December 2019

To effectively use the resources of marine environments, it is necessary to consider the deep and remote parts of the ocean. Stationkeeping of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) mainly relies on mooring lines[1][2]. However, current mooring lines have structural and economical limitations for applications in extreme sea environments. The University of Ulsan is conducting ongoing research to develop a new economical stationkeeping system that can maintain the position of a FOWT in the deep sea using passive flapping foils. This paper describes an experimental study of the stationkeeping of actual structures based on the above-mentioned investigations and suggested directions to supplement the deficiencies in stationkeeping systems using passive flapping foils. This experiment was carried out in the three-dimensional “Widetank” and in actual sea conditions, focusing on the drift of a floater in the surge direction.
Lifting Line Free Wake Vortex Filament Method for the Evaluation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: First Step — Validation for Fixed Wind Turbines
Authors: Martín-San-Román Raquel , Azcona-Armendáriz José , Cuerva-Tejero Alvaro
Published: December 2019

An in-house computational tool, called MIST, has been developed to improve the accuracy of the aerodynamic loads predictions of floating wind turbines. MIST has an aerodynamic module based on a Free Vortex filament Method (FVM) for the wake combined with a Lifting Line (LL) model for the blades. This aerodynamic model has been validated, in this first instance, for an onshore configuration against well known experimental data. Different options for the critical parameters of the code have been analyzed to get a deeper understanding of the impact of certain assumptions of this kind of models.
A Comparison of Time Domain Seismic Analysis Methods for Offshore Wind Turbine Structures: Using a Superelement Approach
Authors: Alblas Laurens , de Winter Corine
Published: December 2019

Recently, wind farm development has gained more traction in Asian countries such as Taiwan, which are seismically active. Compared to Europe, the offshore wind structures need to be designed for these additional extreme environmental conditions. For monopiles, these calculations can typically be performed in an integrated way in the wind turbine load calculation, but for jackets the superelement (SE) approach remains preferred.

At the time of writing different approaches are being applied in the industry to apply the SE approach for seismic time domain analysis. This work explains and compares three different methods, based on calculations performed in offshore strength assessment tool Sesam and aeroelastic tool BHawC.

When including additional interface nodes at the foundation model bottom into the SE to which the seismic accelerations can be applied in BHawC similarly as in the re-tracking run in Sesam, the results between BHawC and Sesam are nearidentical.

Using a normal SE, which only includes an interface node for the connection to the wind turbine tower bottom, and including the response due to seismic displacements into the SE load file gives a match between BHawC and Sesam, and closely matches the results of the case with additional interface nodes.

Doing the same but only including the dynamic response of the interface point relative to a frame of reference moving with the rigid body motions as caused by the seismic accelerations into the SE load file, significant differences occur. This is due to the lack of the loading effect of rigid body motions.

The same conclusions on how these methods compare can be drawn when using different wind and wave cases.

The presented results give insights into the differences between the methods and how the choice of method may influence the results.
Global Responses and Loads Analysis of a 750-kW Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Under Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Pham Thanh Dam , Kim Junbae , Seo Byoungcheon , Kumar Rupesh , Yu Youngjae , Shin Hyunkyoung
Published: December 2019

A pilot floating offshore wind turbine project of Korea was proposed for installing in the East Sea of Korea. The prototype is a semisubmersible platform supporting a 750-kW wind turbine. A scaled model was tested in the basin tank of the University of Ulsan at scale ratio 1:40. The 750-kW floating offshore wind turbine was modeled by using the NREL-FAST code. Numerical results were validated by comparing with those of the test model. This paper analyzes dynamic responses and loads of the wind turbine system under extreme environmental conditions. Extreme environmental conditions based on metocean data of East Sea Korea. Extreme responses and extreme loads are important data for designing the structure of the 750 kW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine.
Magnetic measurements on micrometer-sized samples under high pressure using designed NV centers
Authors: Lesik Margarita , Plisson Thomas , Toraille Loïc , Renaud Justine , Occelli Florent , Schmidt Martin , Salord Olivier , Delobbe Anne , Debuisschert Thierry , Rondin Loïc , Loubeyre Paul , Roch Jean-François
Published: December 2019

Diamond-based sensors

Material properties can change dramatically under pressure. Typically, to achieve high-pressure conditions, researchers place their samples in diamond anvil cells (DACs). However, monitoring the properties of the sample inside a DAC is tricky (see the Perspective by Hamlin and Zhou). Hsieh
et al.
, Lesik
et al.
, and Yip
et al.
developed monitoring techniques based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The NV centers can act as sensors because their energy levels and the associated spectra are sensitive to strain and magnetic fields. This enabled optical readout of a spatially resolved signal.

Science
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1359
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1355
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1312
Cell types exposed by social scent
Authors: Renninger Sabine L.
Published: December 2019

A function-guided expression profiling strategy uncovers how pheromones are detected
Evidence, alarm, and the debate over e-cigarettes
Authors: Fairchild Amy , Healton Cheryl , Curran James , Abrams David , Bayer Ronald
Published: December 2019

Prohibitionist measures threaten public health
Imperfect by design: the problematic ethics of surgical training
Authors: Brenna Connor , Das Sunit
Published: December 2019

There exists in academic medicine a core ethical issue that is seldom pursued: trainees are frequently not the best person in the operating room at a given intervention being performed, and yet as a profession we understand a fundamental need to afford them opportunities to perform. Academic centres are traditionally associated with a higher quality of care than non-academic centres, suggesting that practical measures exist within teaching hospitals that effectively mask the clinical discrepancies between trainees and their preceptors. Nonetheless, we are bound by our ethical commitments as physicians to balance the obligations of care with the duty to teach. In order to ethically validate the model of ‘surgeon as teacher’, we propose that there must be a reconciliation of the tensions between traditional professional values in medicine (which tend towards individualist deontology and the provision of optimal care tailored for each patient) with the constraints inherent in a time-bound utilitarian medical system (in which resources are limited and surgeons are transient). Ultimately, we must consciously accept that ensuring the longitudinal availability of skilled surgeons in society aligns more closely with our core ethical obligations as outlined in the social contract that medical professionals maintain with the general public than does the ethical demand to provide unreservedly individual-focused patient care. It is the duty of individual practitioners, as a necessity of lineage to maintain and fulfil our greater duties to society, to foster deontological relationships where possible within this utilitarian system while accepting short-term imperfection in our practice.
Study of anisotropic compact stars with quintessence field and modified chaplygin gas in f(T) gravity
Authors: Saha Pameli , Debnath Ujjal
Published: December 2019

In this work, we get an idea of the existence of compact stars in the background of f(T) modified gravity where T is a scalar torsion. We acquire the equations of motion using anisotropic property within the spherically compact star with electromagnetic field, quintessence field and modified Chaplygin gas in the framework of modified f(T) gravity. Then by matching condition, we derive the unknown constants of our model to obtain many physical quantities to give a sketch of its nature and also study anisotropic behavior, energy conditions and stability. Finally, we estimate the numerical values of mass, surface redshift etc from our model to compare with the observational data for different types of compact stars.
Thermodynamic stability of the stationary Lifshitz black hole of new massive gravity
Authors: Kolev K. , Staykov K. , Vetsov T.
Published: December 2019

In this paper we investigate the thermodynamic properties of the stationary Lifshitz black hole solution of New Massive Gravity. We study the thermodynamic stability from local and global point of view. We also consider the space of equilibrium states for the solution within the framework of thermodynamic information geometry. By investigating the proper thermodynamic metrics and their curvature invariants we find a set of restrictions on the parameter space and the critical points indicating phase transitions of the system. We confirm our findings by analytical analysis of the geodesics on the space of equilibrium states.
Prompt $${J/\psi }$$-pair production at the LHC: impact of loop-induced contributions and of the colour-octet mechanism
Authors: Lansberg Jean-Philippe , Shao Hua-Sheng , Yamanaka Nodoka , Zhang Yu-Jie
Published: December 2019

Prompt double-$$J/\psi $$J/ψ production at high-energy hadron colliders can be considered as a golden channel to probe double parton scatterings (DPS)—in particular to study gluon–gluon correlations inside the proton—and, at the same time, to measure the distribution of linearly-polarised gluons inside the proton. Such studies, however, require a good control of both single parton scatterings (SPS) and DPS in the respective regions where they are carried out. In this context, we have critically examined two mechanisms of SPS that may be kinematically enhanced where DPS are thought to be dominant, even though they are either at higher orders in the strong-coupling or velocity expansion. First, we have considered a gauge-invariant and infrared-safe subset of the loop-induced contribution via colour-singlet (CS) transitions. We have found it to become the leading CS SPS contributions at large rapidity separation, yet too small to account for the data without invoking the presence of DPS yields. Second, we have surveyed the possible colour-octet (CO) contributions using both old and up-to-date non-perturbative long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs). We have found that the pure CO yields crucially depend on the LDMEs. Among all the LDMEs we used, only two result into a visible modification of the NRQCD (CS+CO) yield, but only in two kinematical distributions measured by ATLAS, those of the rapidity separation and of the pair invariant mass. These modifications, however, do not impact the control region used for their DPS study.
Following the footsteps of giants: modeling the mobility of historically notable individuals using Wikipedia
Authors: Lucchini Lorenzo , Tonelli Sara , Lepri Bruno
Published: December 2019

The steady growth of digitized historical information is continuously stimulating new different approaches to the fields of Digital Humanities and Computational Social Science. In this work we use Natural Language Processing techniques to retrieve large amounts of historical information from Wikipedia. In particular, the pages of a set of historically notable individuals are processed to catch the locations and the date of people’s movements. This information is then structured in a geographical network of mobility patterns.

We analyze the mobility of historically notable individuals from different perspectives to better understand the role of migrations and international collaborations in the context of innovation and cultural development. In this work, we first present some general characteristics of the dataset from a social and geographical perspective. Then, we build a spatial network of cities, and we model and quantify the tendency to explore of a set of people that can be considered as historically and culturally notable. In this framework, we show that by using a multilevel radiation model for human mobility, we are able to catch important features of migration’s behavior. Results show that the choice of the target migration place for historically and culturally relevant people is limited to a small number of locations and that it depends on the discipline a notable is interested in and on the number of opportunities she/he can find there.
Fault-Tolerant Panconnectivity of Augmented Cubes AQn
Authors: Xu Xirong , Zhang Huifeng , Zhang Sijia , Yang Yuansheng
Published: December 2019

The augmented cube [Formula: see text] is a variation of the hypercube [Formula: see text]. This paper considers the fault-tolerant Panconnectivity of [Formula: see text]. Assume that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We prove that for any two fault-free vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with distance [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], there exists a fault-free path [Formula: see text] of each length from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of faulty vertices in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the bound is sharp.
Uncountable Realtime Probabilistic Classes
Authors: Dimitrijevs Maksims , Yakaryılmaz Abuzer
Published: December 2019

We investigate the minimal cases for realtime probabilistic machines that can define uncountably many languages with bounded error. We show that logarithmic space is enough for realtime PTMs on unary languages. On non-unary case, we obtain the same result for double logarithmic space, which is also tight. When replacing the work tape with a few counters, we can still achieve similar results for unary linear-space two-counter automata, unary sublinear-space three-counter automata, and non-unary sublinear-space two-counter automata. We also show how to slightly improve the sublinear-space constructions by using more counters.
Chiral symmetry breaking, entanglement, and the nucleon spin decomposition
Authors: Beane Silas R. , Ehlers Peter J.
Published: December 2019

The nucleon is naturally viewed as a bipartite system of valence spin — defined by its non-vanishing chiral charge — and non-valence or sea spin. The sea spin can be traced over to give a reduced density matrix, and it is shown that the resulting entanglement entropy acts as an order parameter of chiral symmetry breaking in the nucleon. In the large-[Formula: see text] limit, the entanglement entropy vanishes and the valence spin accounts for all of the nucleon spin, while in the limit of maximal entanglement entropy, the nucleon loses memory of the valence spin and consequently has spin dominated by the sea. The nucleon state vector in the chiral basis, fit to low-energy data, gives a valence spin content consistent with experiment and lattice QCD determinations, and has large entanglement entropy.
Genus and Species-Level Classification of Wrasse Fishes Using Multidomain Features and Extreme Learning Machine Classifier
Authors: Jose Jisha Anu , Kumar C. Sathish
Published: December 2019

Automated recognition and classification of fishes are useful for studies dealing with counting of fishes for population assessments, discovering association between fishes and ecosystem, and monitoring of the ecosystem. This paper proposes a model which classifies the fishes belonging to the family Labridae in the genus and the species level. Features computed in the spatial and frequency domains are used in this work. All the images are preprocessed before feature extraction. Preprocessing step involves image segmentation for background elimination, de-noising and image enhancement. A combination of color, local binary pattern (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and wavelet features forms the feature vector. An ensemble feature reduction technique is used to reduce the attribute size. Performances of the system using combined as well as reduced feature sets are evaluated using seven popular classifiers. Among the classifiers, wavelet kernel extreme learning machine (ELM) showed higher classification accuracy of 96.65% in genus level and polynomial kernel ELM showed an accuracy of 92.42% in species level with the reduced feature set.
PERCEIVING VALUE IN ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATION: BUILDING A CULTURE OF CHANGE
Authors: GALY EDITH
Published: December 2019

This paper uses Transactional Management Theory to examine the extent to which an organisational culture is apt to encourage organisational innovation by using reward mechanisms. We gathered responses from 208 middle managers in the United States and Mexico where firms acquire varying blends of organisational orientations and leadership styles. We found performance orientation, modesty, humane orientation and power distance to be significantly related to reward mechanisms, but not all positively. We also found that the practice of rewarding innovation creates value in such a practice.
Topological Surface Dirac Fermion in BiTeCl-Based Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang T. , Chen Y. J. , Sun S. C. , Kang L. , Yang L. X. , Liu Z. K. , Zhang H. J. , Chen Y. L.
Published: December 2019

Inversion asymmetric topological insulator promises great potential to realize many intriguing phenomena such as intrinsic topological [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] junctions, pyroelectricity and novel topological magneto-electric effects that require inversion asymmetry. Recently, gapless helical surface Dirac fermions were observed in inversion-asymmetric BiTeCl crystal. However, heavy debate about whether BiTeCl is a topological insulator and controversial experimental results of the electronic structure of BiTeCl exist. In this work, through ab-initio calculations, we discovered that a BiTeCl-dominant BiTeCl/Bi2Te3 heterostructure can give rise to the observed band structures with a single surface Dirac fermion. Interestingly, we further suggest that such a BiTeCl/Bi2Te3 heterostructure could be naturally formed by annealing pure BiTeCl single crystals. Our results not only resolve the discrepancy between the previous experiments on heat treated samples and theoretical investigations, but also point out a pathway to design novel materials with sophisticated properties.
An Analytical Tension Model for Continuum Robots with n Generally Positioned Tendons
Authors: Moradi Dalvand Mohsen , Nahavandi Saeid , Howe Robert D.
Published: December 2019

The estimation of tension loads in multi-tendon continuum robots or catheters plays an important role not only in the design process but also in the control algorithm to avoid slack. An analytical tension loading model is developed that, for any given beam configuration within the workspace, calculates tendon tensions in [Formula: see text]-tendon continuum robots with general tendon positioning. The model accounts for the bending and axial compliance of the manipulator as well as tendon compliance. A 6-tendon continuum robot integrated with a stereo vision-based 3D reconstruction system is utilized to experimentally validate the proposed analytical model in open-loop control architecture. The proposed model demonstrates around 95% accuracy in estimating tendon tensions in a continuum robot with general tendon positioning and axial stretch in its tendons for all of the trials and experiments.
A Visual Analysis Approach for Understanding Durability Test Data of Automotive Products
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wang Lei , Li Shijie , Zhou Fangfang , Lin Xiaoru , Lu Qiang , Ren Lei
Published: December 2019

People face data-rich manufacturing environments in Industry 4.0. As an important technology for explaining and understanding complex data, visual analytics has been increasingly introduced into industrial data analysis scenarios. With the durability test of automotive starters as background, this study proposes a visual analysis approach for understanding large-scale and long-term durability test data. Guided by detailed scenario and requirement analyses, we first propose a migration-adapted clustering algorithm that utilizes a segmentation strategy and a group of matching-updating operations to achieve an efficient and accurate clustering analysis of the data for starting mode identification and abnormal test detection. We then design and implement a visual analysis system that provides a set of user-friendly visual designs and lightweight interactions to help people gain data insights into the test process overview, test data patterns, and durability performance dynamics. Finally, we conduct a quantitative algorithm evaluation, case study, and user interview by using real-world starter durability test datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and its possible inspiration for the durability test data analysis of other similar industrial products.
A New Smooth Approximation to the Zero One Loss with a Probabilistic Interpretation
Authors: Hasan Md Kamrul , Pal Christopher
Published: December 2019

We examine a new form of smooth approximation to the zero one loss in which learning is performed using a reformulation of the widely used logistic function. Our approach is based on using the posterior mean of a novel generalized Beta-Bernoulli formulation. This leads to a generalized logistic function that approximates the zero one loss, but retains a probabilistic formulation conferring a number of useful properties. The approach is easily generalized to kernel logistic regression and easily integrated into methods for structured prediction. We present experiments in which we learn such models using an optimization method consisting of a combination of gradient descent and coordinate descent using localized grid search so as to escape from local minima. Our experiments indicate that optimization quality is improved when learning metaparameters are themselves optimized using a validation set. Our experiments show improved performance relative to widely used logistic and hinge loss methods on a wide variety of problems ranging from standard UC Irvine and libSVM evaluation datasets to product review predictions and a visual information extraction task. We observe that the approach is as follows: (1) more robust to outliers compared to the logistic and hinge losses; (2) outperforms comparable logistic and max margin models on larger scale benchmark problems; (3) when combined with Gaussian–Laplacian mixture prior on parameters the kernelized version of our formulation yields sparser solutions than Support Vector Machine classifiers; and (4) when integrated into a probabilistic structured prediction technique our approach provides more accurate probabilities yielding improved inference and increasing information extraction performance.
Treatment Effect Estimation via Differentiated Confounder Balancing and Regression
Authors: Kuang Kun , Cui Peng , Li Bo , Jiang Meng , Wang Yashen , Wu Fei , Yang Shiqiang
Published: December 2019

Treatment effect plays an important role on decision making in many fields, such as social marketing, healthcare, and public policy. The key challenge on estimating treatment effect in the wild observational studies is to handle confounding bias induced by imbalance of the confounder distributions between treated and control units. Traditional methods remove confounding bias by re-weighting units with supposedly accurate propensity score estimation under the unconfoundedness assumption. Controlling high-dimensional variables may make the unconfoundedness assumption more plausible, but poses new challenge on accurate propensity score estimation. One strand of recent literature seeks to directly optimize weights to balance confounder distributions, bypassing propensity score estimation. But existing balancing methods fail to do selection and differentiation among the pool of a large number of potential confounders, leading to possible underperformance in many high-dimensional settings. In this article, we propose a data-driven Differentiated Confounder Balancing (DCB) algorithm to jointly select confounders, differentiate weights of confounders and balance confounder distributions for treatment effect estimation in the wild high-dimensional settings. Besides, under some settings with heavy confounding bias, in order to further reduce the bias and variance of estimated treatment effect, we propose a Regression Adjusted Differentiated Confounder Balancing (RA-DCB) algorithm based on our DCB algorithm by incorporating outcome regression adjustment. The synergistic learning algorithms we proposed are more capable of reducing the confounding bias in many observational studies. To validate the effectiveness of our DCB and RA-DCB algorithms, we conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that our algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art methods. By incorporating regression adjustment, our RA-DCB algorithm achieves more precise estimation on treatment effect than DCB algorithm, especially under the settings with heavy confounding bias. Moreover, we show that the top features ranked by our algorithm generate accurate prediction of online advertising effect.
Dynamic Matching and Allocation of Tasks
Authors: Ahuja Kartik , Schaar Mihaela Van der
Published: December 2019

In many two-sided markets, the parties to be matched have incomplete information about their characteristics. We consider the settings where the parties engaged are extremely patient and are interested in long-term partnerships. Hence, once the final matches are determined, they persist for a long time. Each side has an opportunity to learn (some) relevant information about the other before final matches are made. For instance, clients seeking workers to perform tasks often conduct interviews that require the workers to perform some tasks and thereby provide information to both sides. The performance of a worker in such an interview- and hence the information revealed—depends both on the inherent characteristics of the worker and the task and also on the actions taken by the worker (e.g., the effort expended), which are not observed by the client. Thus, there is moral hazard. Our goal is to derive a dynamic matching mechanism that facilitates learning on both sides before final matches are achieved and ensures that the worker side does not have incentive to obscure learning of their characteristics through their actions. We derive such a mechanism that leads to final matching that achieves optimal performance (revenue) in equilibrium. We show that the equilibrium strategy is long-run coalitionally stable, which means there is no subset of workers and clients that can gain by deviating from the equilibrium strategy. We derive all the results under the modeling assumption that the utilities of the agents are defined as limit of means of the utility obtained in each interaction.
The Better Half of Selling Separately
Authors: Hart Sergiu , Reny Philip J.
Published: December 2019

Separate selling of two independent goods is shown to yield at least 62% of the optimal revenue, and at least 73% when the goods satisfy the Myerson regularity condition. This improves the 50% result of Hart and Nisan [2017, originally circulated in 2012].
The Pervasive Role of Pragmatics in Early Language
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Frank Michael C.
Published: December 2019

Language is a fundamentally social endeavor. Pragmatics is the study of how speakers and listeners use social reasoning to go beyond the literal meanings of words to interpret language in context. In this article, we take a pragmatic perspective on language development and argue for developmental continuity between early nonverbal communication, language learning, and linguistic pragmatics. We link phenomena from these different literatures by relating them to a computational framework (the rational speech act framework), which conceptualizes communication as fundamentally inferential and grounded in social cognition. The model specifies how different information sources (linguistic utterances, social cues, common ground) are combined when making pragmatic inferences. We present evidence in favor of this inferential view and review how pragmatic reasoning supports children's learning, comprehension, and use of language.
Early Development of Visual Attention: Change, Stability, and Longitudinal Associations
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Johnson Mark H. , Holmboe Karla
Published: December 2019

Visual attention is a basic mechanism of information gathering and environment selection and consequently plays a fundamental role in influencing developmental trajectories. Here, we highlight evidence for predictive associations from early visual attention to emotion regulation, executive function, language and broader cognitive ability, mathematics and literacy skills, and neurodevelopmental conditions. Development of visual attention is also multifaceted and nonlinear. In daily life, core functions such as orienting, selective filtering, and processing of visual inputs are intertwined and influenced by many other cognitive components. Furthermore, the demands of an attention task vary according to the experience, motivation, and cognitive and physical constraints of participants, while the mechanisms underlying performance may change with development. Thus, markers of attention may need to be interpreted differently across development and between populations. We summarize research that has combined multiple measurements and techniques to further our understanding of visual attention development and highlight possibilities for the future.