bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advantages of functional analysis in comparison of different chemometric techniques for selecting obesity-related genes of adipose tissue from high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Dharmaraj Saravanan , Mahadeva Rao U. S. , Simbak Nordin
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Obesity is a lifestyle disease that is becoming prevalent nowadays and is associated with a surplus in energy balance related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and hypoxic condition, resulting in maladaptive adipose tissue expansion. This study used the publicly available gene dataset to identify a small subset of important genes for diagnostics or as potential targets for therapeutics.

Methods: Chemometric analyses by principal component analysis (PCA), random forest (RF), and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to identify 50 genes that differentiate adipose samples from high-fat diet- and normal diet-fed mice. The first 30 important genes were studied for classifying the samples using six different classification techniques. Gene ontology (GO), pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction studies on the 50 selected genes were subsequently done to identify important functional genes. Finally, gene regulatory effects by microRNA were assessed to confirm the genes’ potential as targets for new therapeutic drugs.

Results: The genes identified by RF are best for differentiating the samples, followed by PCA, with the least predictability shown by genes chosen by GA. However, PCA identified more genes with functional importance, such as the hub genes ATP5a1 and Apoa1. ATP5a1 is the main hub gene, whereas Apoa1 is involved in cholesterol metabolism. Vapa and Npc2 are crosstalk genes that link both of these main genes and could be targeted for therapeutic drug design.

Conclusion: The combination of different chemometric techniques and functional analysis of genes could be used to select for a small number of genes which could serve as more suitable diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
First record of Ubaghsicystis (Eocrinoidea - Echinodermata) from the Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) of Sonora, Mexico: Biostratigraphical and paleoecological considerations
Authors: Buitrón-Sánchez Blanca-Estela ,  Cuen-Romero Francisco-Javier , Beresi Matilde-Sylvia , Monreal Rogelio
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The present work constitutes the first record of Ubaghsicystis Gil-Cid & Domínguez-Alonso (Echinodermata-Eocrinoidea) in the El Gavilán Formation, exposed in the El Sahuaral Hill, a new Cambrian locality of central Sonora, Mexico. The El Gavilán Formation is a sedimentary sequence mainly made up of shale interbedded with limestone, with abundant invertebrate fossils, deposited in an open shelf marine environment. Objective: The main objective of this research work is to describe the species Ubaghsicystis cf. U. segurae for the first time in Mexico, in addition to biostratigraphic and paleoecological considerations. Methods: A composite stratigraphic section of the El Gavilán Fm. was measured in central Sonora, where samples corresponding to eocrinods were collected, the material was examined in the Microscope Leica MZ10.  Results: The biotic association is composed of reticulosan sponges, chancelloriids (Chancelloria eros, Allonnia tintinopsis, Archiasterella sp.), hyolithids, brachiopods, trilobites (Quadragnostus depressa, Peronopsis sp., Tonkinella valida, and Elrathina sp.), and echinoderms (Ubaghsicystis cf. U. segurae). Regarding the age, the trilobite association establishes a chronostratigraphic position from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan), Altiocculus Subzone, Ehmaniella Zone. The material studied is constituted by isolated echinoderm plates, which probably represent various cycles of theca plates assigned to Ubaghsicystis cf. U. segurae. The genus Ubaghsicystis has been scarcely recorded in a few Cambrian regions (e.g., Burgess Shale in Canada and Los Barrios de Luna in Spain), so that the information about this taxon is limited. Conclusions: The Cambrian succession of Sonora, where Ubaghsicystis occurred, was part of the border from the Laurentia craton during this period, located near the Paleoequator during this period, where ideal conditions for increasing diversity and abundance of species were developed, including echinoderms.
Ontogenetic variation of the odontophore of Luidia superba (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) and its taxonomic implications
Authors: De los Palos-Peña Magdalena , Solís-Marín Francisco-Alonso , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo , Durán-González Alicia
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The sea star odontophore is the structure positioned between the paired oral ossicles, with which they articulate through proximal and distal processes. The internal anatomy structures may be used as taxonomic characters for a precise differentiation between species, so it is necessary to describe the structures variation throughout growth. Objective: To describe the odontophore shape and variation of Luidia superba A. H. Clark, 1917 from specimens of the Gulf of California deposited in the Echinoderm National Collection, ICML UNAM. Methods: A total of 735 specimens were examined to describe the external characters, from which 55 selected specimens, within a range of R = 14 mm and R = 210 mm, were dissected to extract the odontophores and analyzed with geometric morphometrics. Results: Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of the odontophores showing the variations in shape throughout growth are presented. Differences in shape between size groups were confirmed with a Canonical Variables Analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There are three main groups in this size ranges where specialization of the stereom can be observed through the ontogenetic series; the variation in shape of the odontophore shown here is a precedent for the use of internal anatomy as new taxonomic characters of identification.
Los ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) de la bahía de Chamela, Jalisco, México
Authors: Mireles-Velázquez Daniel , Rosales-Contreras Gloria-Itzel , Conejeros-Vargas Carlos-Andrés , Solís-Marín Francisco-Alonso , Granja-Fernández Rebeca
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La bahía de Chamela está ubicada en la parte central de la costa del estado de Jalisco, México y es un importante área natural protegida. Pese a ello, el estudio de los equinodermos en la zona es incipiente. Objetivo: Proporcionar una lista de verificación actualizada, descripciones de las especies y una clave taxonómica de los ofiuroideos de la bahía de Chamela. Métodos: Recolectamos en la bahía de 1998 a 2018, y también analizamos información de la literatura y especímenes en colecciones científicas internacionales. Resultados: se reportan 19 especies de ofiuroides para el área de estudio, distribuidas en dos órdenes, siete familias y 11 géneros. Ocho de estos corresponden a nuevos registros para el área y tres posiblemente representan nuevas especies. La biodiversidad de ofiuroideos en la bahía de Chamela representa el 15.2% de las especies de ofiuroides del Pacífico mexicano y el 73% de Jalisco. El número de equinodermos conocidos en la bahía de Chamela aumenta a 48 especies. Conclusiones: Se presenta el listado más completo de la clase Ophiuroidea en la bahía de Chamela, Jalisco. La información proporcionada se puede utilizar para otras áreas del Pacífico oriental. La bahía de Chamela es importante en términos de riqueza de especies debido a su heterogeneidad ambiental y numerosas islas.
Moving forward in the ethical consideration of invertebrates in experimentation: Beyond the Three R’s Principle
Authors: Crespi-Abril Augusto-C. , Rubilar Tamara
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The Three R´s Principle (Refinement, Reduction, and Replacement), postulated more than 60 years ago, is the main ethical framework currently applied for conducting animal research. This principle has never been reviewed applying a philosophical reflection during all of these years, even though a variety of animal ethics studies have presented new insights. The Three R´s Principle was designed to be used as a policy tool to ameliorate the suffering of animals and to reduce the use of animals in research, but has failed in achieving these goals. This principle is only applied when using sentience vertebrates, and fails to consider invertebrates as their capacity to sentience is still disputed. In this way, invertebrates are reified, which has been determined to be detrimental as their suffering has been consistently denied. As a consequence, new insights are necessary to improve scientific practices. Epistemology and ethics have always been viewed as opposing approaches. ´Epistemology-based Ethics’ subordinate ethical concern to scientific facts and ‘Ethics-based Epistemology’ purports that ethical practice should guide epistemological practices. Objective: In this paper, we maintain that unifying both approaches under a broader conceptual framework may result in the view that these are not, actually, opposite approaches. We propose to progress beyond the Three R’s Principle and extend it to a position equal to the level of the ethical and epistemological approaches. We also propose to use the Precautionary Principle as it is always better to be safe than sorry, and to include two more Rs. Methods: This paper is based on the analysis of different ethical frameworks used in biology and ecology that can be implemented in invertebrates experimentation. Results: The analysis revealed that different ethical approaches are frequently used in biological research, but not all of them are implemented in experimental research that involves invertebrates. We argue that the ethical considerations used in any research field can be implemented in invertebrate research. Conclusion: We propose a Five R´s Principle: the traditional Refinement, Reduction, and Replacement, used along with Respect and Responsibility (a respectful relationship with every living being regardless of its complexity and personal commitment to conscientiously apply ethics concepts).
Morphology of endoskeleton and spination in the sea star Midgardia xandaros (Brisingida: Brisingidae) from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Esteban-Vázquez Brenda-Lizbeth , De-los-Palos-Peña Magdalena , Solís-Marín Francisco-Alonso , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The deep-sea asteroid species of Brisingida have a nearly global distribution but have remained poorly understood due to their deep bathymetric distributions and fragile skeletons. Objective. To describe the external and internal morphology of Midgardia xandaros including the skeletal arrangement, through multifocal and SEM techniques. Methods. We examined a total of 21 specimens, including 27 arm fragments, from the Gulf of Mexico and Honduras. Two specimens were dissected. Results. Detailed descriptions of pedicellariae, abactinal, intercostal, inferomarginal, adambulacral, ambulacral, odontophore, and oral ossicles, and their spines are provided, emphasizing the articulations and muscle attachments. C-shaped valves pedicellariae and small pedicellariae valves with shorter denticulation areas were recognized. Conclusions. The morphological description of M. xandaros is expanded, providing the most extensive description of abactinal, first adambulacral, first and subsequent inferomarginal ossicles, abactinal spines, and C-shaped, crossed pedicellariae, as well as the distal arm plates, for a brisingid species using SEM to date.
Morphological variability of recent species of the order Cassiduloida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Mexico
Authors: Caballero-Ochoa Andrea-Alejandra , Buitrón-Sánchez Blanca-E. , Conejeros-Vargas Carlos-A. , Esteban-Vázquez Brenda-L. , Ruiz-Nava Mariana-P. , Jiménez-López José-Carlos , Solís-Marín Francisco-A. , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo
Published: April 2021

ntroduction: In Mexico, there are two recorded living species of Cassiduloida: Cassidulus caribaearum and Rhyncholampas pacifica. Most of the taxonomic studies on cassiduloids have used external morphology, pedicellariae and morphometric characters; however, the intraspecific variation of quantitative and qualitative characters has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To compare the basic morphology of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum. Methods: We examined a total of 2 158 specimens of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum, selecting 50 to evaluate shape and size with linear regression and Principal Component analysis. We selected an additional 62 specimens per species to identify significant character correlations and morphological groups within species. Results: There is a direct relationship between Test length and Test width. Test height/Test width, and Total length (oral view)/Distance from the ambitus to the peristome apex, are the two main ratios to distinguish both species. C. caribaearum is more dorsoventrally compressed and has a round peristome base; versus R. pacifica has a tall and triangular one. There are four morphological groups of C. caribaearum and two groups for R. pacifica. Conclusions: These two species can be distinguished with reliable morphological characters, in which peristome shape suggests that R. pacifica is more adapted to burrowing deeper into certain types of substratum.
Blue Growth: Sea Urchin Sustainable Aquaculture, Innovative Approaches
Authors: Rubilar Tamara , Cardozo Dana
Published: April 2021

Introduction: “Blue Economy” refers to ocean-based economies with a sustainable approach. It focuses in smaller carbon footprints and efficiency, principles that can be applied to aquaculture. However, it has been difficult to develop successful blue economy projects in sea urchin aquaculture. Objective: To compare URCHINOMICS (Norway) and ARBACIA (Argentina), two aquaculture projects with different business models. Methods: We used publicly available information to compare both companies on the basis of their value proposition and tensions (e.g. cultural, social economic and technological). Results: To be successful, sea urchin aquaculture requires development of appropriate technology, open innovation and cooperation of people with different academic, business and organizational backgrounds. Conclusion: The ultimate success of these and similar companies will depend on free interaction of experts from multiple fields and on technological innovation.
How can an infaunal brooding echinoid be maintained in the laboratory? A case study with Cassidulus mitis (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)
Authors: Rezende-Ventura Carlos-Renato , Pinto-de-Oliveira Monalisa-Sousa
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Cassiduloids play a prominent role in echinoid evolutionary history because they probably are the ancestral group of clypeasteroids. Some extant species are brooding and rare in the environment. Consequently, there are no studies on their maintenance in the laboratory. Objective: Establish an efficient aquarium system for C. mitis, endemic to Brazil, for ontogenetic studies. Methods: Four aquarium systems were built, with 3 replicates each one: (1) with seawater flow [F]; (2) with seawater flow and air injection into sediment [FA]; (3) without seawater flow but with air injection into the sediment [A]; and (4) without both seawater flow and air injection into the sediment [C]. Each experimental aquarium (three per treatment) had two adults. Each of the two sets of experiments lasted about 60 days. Results: We observed low mortality in the first 30 days in all systems and, after 30 days, it was higher in those with air-pumped into the sediment (system A in the first set of experiments, and system FA in the second one). Conclusions: For experiments lasting 30 days, our four systems are suitable. For longer periods, we recommend aquaria with seawater flow and without air-pumps into the sediment.
Integrated cooling solution for concentrator photovoltaic cells
Authors: Rózsás Gábor , Bognár György , Takács Gábor , Plesz Balázs
Published: April 2021

The efficiency of the most modern photovoltaic cells currently reaches 40–45%, which is achieved by concentrator systems. However, despite better device efficiencies concentrator photovoltaic cells have major drawback, namely the high amount of waste heat, which requires new cooling solutions.

This paper gives a short overview of the current cooling techniques and proposes a novel microchannel cooling solution for concentrator photovoltaic cells. In the concept, the microscale channels are integrated into the backside metallization of the PV device. The paper gives a description of the technological process that can be used to produce microchannels on the back of solar cells and shows the optimization of the channels to achieve optimal cooling performance.
Підвищення ефективності автомобільної газонаповнювальної компресорної станції шляхом застосування газогідратного акумулятора
Authors: Босий М.В. , Клименко В.В. , Магопець С.О. , Гарасьова Н.Ю. , Овчаренко А.О.
Published: April 2021

У статті розглядається проблема підвищення ефективності роботи автомобільної газонаповню­вальної компресорної станції (АГНКС) в умовах наявності пікових навантажень внаслідок нерівномірного надходження на заправку автомобільного транспорту на протязі доби. Для підвищення ефективності використання обладнання АГНКС в умовах нерівномірної добової заправки автомобільного транспорту стиснутим природним газом (СПГ-CNG) запропоновано застосовувати газогідратний акумулятор (ГА). В ГА реалізуються процеси утворення газогідратів природного газу при     низькому тиску, їх накопичення і зберігання та наступне плавлення з виділенням стиснутого природного газу при тиску 25 МПа, достатньому для повної заправки автомобільного транспорту. Процес утворення газогідрату відбувається з виділенням теплоти, а його розкладання з поглинанням теплоти. Відводити теплоту процесу гідратоутворення пропонується пропановою холодильною машиною (ХМ). Однак при температурі довкілля ≤ 1 °С процес утворення газогідратів в ГА можна здійснювати при тиску ≤ 1,2МПа без застосовування ХМ. При температурах ≤ 0 °С замість води в ГА необхідно застосовувати водні розчини, наприклад, етанолу чи метанолу. У статті надано схемно-технологічне рішення та описано принцип дії АГНКС з ГА, показано на діаграмі тиск-температура основні термодинамічні процеси, що в ній здійснюються. Запропоновано методику визначення питомих енерговитрат (lпит) і ексергетичного ККД (ηex) ГА та на конкретному прикладі показано, що lпит газогідратного стиснення газу менші на 15% порівняно з компресорним стисненням, а ηex більший на 12%. Застосування ГА, як альтернативного доповнення до компресорного стиснення природного газу в пікові періоди заправки автомобілів, дозволить підвищити ефективність використання обладнання АГНКС і зменшити енерговитрати на заправку автомобільного транспорту стисненим природним газом
Підвищення ресурсу АЕС за рахунок комбінування з газотурбінною установкою
Authors: Кравченко В.П. , Галацан М.П. , Отрода В.А.
Published: April 2021

В Україні у більшості блоків АЕС закінчився проектний термін експлуатації. У зв’язку з цим запропоновано продовжити термін експлуатації АЕС за рахунок комбінування з газотурбінною установкою (ГТУ), а саме, використання котла-утилізатора (КУ) на відпрацьованих газах для виробництва 20% номінальної витрати пари. При цьому потужність реакторної установки знижується до 80%, що дає можливість збільшити ресурс роботи реактора за рахунок зменшення швидкості накопичення флюенсу, а парова турбіна буде працювати при номінальному режимі. До того ж ГТУ може використовуватися у якості резервного джерела енергії для реакторної установки. В представлених в літературі схемах комбінування паротурбінних установок (ПТУ) АЕС з ГТУ розглядаються варіанти збільшення потужності парової турбіни. З проведеного аналізу видно, що це завжди призводить до непроектного режиму, який характеризується зниженням ефективності роботи ступенів та турбіни в цілому. В запропонованій схемі ПТУ працює в номінальному режимі з проектним ресурсом та ефективністю. В роботі розглянуто методику розрахунку запропонованої схеми ком­бінування ГТУ з АЕС та проведено оптимізацію основних параметрів (ступінь стиснення газу, температура газу після КУ, температурний напір в КУ) відносно максимуму електричного ККД ГТУ та ядерно-енергетичного комплексу (ЯЕК) (ηГТУ = 40,79%; ηЯЕК = 41,19%). Проаналізовано схему з про­міжним перегрівом газу в КУ. В результаті визначено, що проміжний перегрів газу в дозволяє підвищити ККД ГТУ до 45,44% (Т0 = 1350 ºС, ступінь стиснення 25 та температура газу на виході КУ 903 К). При цьому ККД ЯЕК ηЯЕК = 42,9%. Такий режим роботи протягом 20 років дає можливість продовжити термін експлуатації АЕС на 5 років, що достатньо для будівництва нового блоку. В автономному режимі, при байпасі КУ та нагріві повітря в регенеративному підігрівачі, ηГТУ = 50,87%
Аналіз геотермальних станцій, що працюють на водоаміачному розчині по циклу Каліни
Authors: Лавренченко Г.К. , Вассерман О.А. , Грудка Б.Г.
Published: April 2021

Обмеженість викопних ресурсів, що витрачаються на теплових і атомних станціях, викликає тривогу. До того ж їх використання істотно погіршує екологічну ситуацію. Використання відновлюваних джерел енергії в якості первинного палива є виключно перспективним напрямком в технологіях виробництва електроенергії і тепла. В останні роки велика увага приділяється геотермії, тобто тепловим процесам, що відбуваються в надрах Землі, для виробництва не тільки тепла, але і електроенергії. Значний внесок у створення ефективних геотермальних установок такого типу вніс допитливий інженер і талановитий вчений Олександр Каліна. Ним створено цикл, що носить його ім'я, у якому в якості робочого тіла використовується водоаміачний розчин. Особливість установки, що реалізує цикл Каліни, полягає в тому, що в її основних елементах передбачені такі зміни концентрацій розчину, які обумовлюють істотне зростання термічного ККД. Розглянуто цикли і схеми установок, що використовують водоаміачний розчин. Підтверджена їх висока ефективність. Показано, що при переході від води до розчину вода-аміак може спостерігатися помітне збільшення питомої роботи. Відзначається, що на початковому етапі геотермальні станції споруджувалися в зонах високої вулканічної активності, гарячих джерел і гейзерів. Повідомляється, що можна при будівництві станцій з циклом Каліни орієнтуватися на технологію «Hot Dry Rock», що дозволяє розміщувати їх практично в будь-якому місці нашої планети. Відзначається, що пом'якшення вимог до температури верхнього джерела тепла в циклі Калини дозволяє розробляти підземні пласти, які раніше визнавалися неперспективними. Проаналізовано можливості більш ефективного вироблення електроенергії за допомогою циклу Каліни, який використовує природну різницю температур між нагрітою поверхнею океану і його студеними глибинами. Відмічається, що альтернативну енергетику, побудовану на геотермії, циклі Каліни і технології HDR, чекає успішне майбутнє
The Russian Empire from Dawn to Dusk
Authors: Nérard François-Xavier , Redin Dmitry , Aunoble Éric , Fayet Jean-François
Published: April 2021

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The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly as a Left-Democratic Alternative to the Communists and the Whites in the Civil War
Authors: Shubin Alexander
Published: April 2021

The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Komuch) was an option in the Civil War that was essentially distinct from both the Soviet and the White alternatives. Komuch differed from the Soviet and the White authorities, as it was characterised by a combination of advanced socioeconomic policy and a dogmatically principled commitment to parliamentary democracy. In the event of the military victory of such a power, the success of the social democratic model was not guaranteed (as the history of Europe during the interwar period demonstrated), but Russia’s chances of moving along a path that combined a social state and democratic institutions would have increased markedly. While criticising, and in many respects rightly so, the military policy of the Bolsheviks, the Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks had to partially restore market capitalist relations. Their successful development was possible with the cooperation of the government and the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie demanded the dismantlement of “socialist conquests”, which Komuch was not going to do – both for ideological reasons and because the capitalist economy had begun to disintegrate during World War I and the Revolution. Komuch’s path involved the combination of a market economy (not necessarily just capitalist), state regulation, and broad social rights. After the Bolshevik promises, the workers and peasants took it quite calmly, fearing the possible cancellation of the social gains of the Revolution and expressing dissatisfaction with violations of promised civil rights. But the bourgeoisie, convinced of the “inconsistency” of dismantling institutions that infringed on the right of private property, stood in sharp opposition to Komuch, betting on its opponents in the anti-Soviet camp. At the same time, Komuch did not have time to build a state system for monitoring compliance with social rights and had to rely on the activity of trade unions, which, due to their social function, were critical of the government – in this case, Komuch. Komuch followed the law regulating the socialisation of land adopted by the Constituent Assembly and proposed a relatively successful version of regulating the food supply for the cities. Initially, the people’s army created by Komuch was also successful (enjoying support from the Czechoslovak Corps). However, Komuch faced a blockade by the Provisional Siberian Government. It was the opposition of more right-wing forces in the rear that predetermined the defeat of the Komuch alternative.
Valiko Jugeli and the Сult of the People’s Guard in Georgia
Authors: King Francis
Published: April 2021

This article looks at the semiofficial cult of the Red (People’s) Guard in Georgia from 1917 to 1921. The guard originated in the chaos and uncertainty of late 1917 and played a key role in securing the power of Noy Zhordania and the social democrats in Georgia against Bolshevik and other challenges. It also served as the power base for its undisputed leader, Valiko Jugeli. The official and party press fostered a heroic cult around the Guard, its exploits, and its leadership, reflected in Jugeli’s diary-style memoir, A Heavy Cross (1920). The guard’s cultivated image was selfless, politically conscious, internationalist, and devoted to the revolution. Its many critics saw it as thuggish, undisciplined, chauvinistic, corrupt, and militarily ineffective. The mutual dependency between Zhordania and Jugeli ensured that the guard was politically untouchable in Georgia. The need to maintain the loyalty of the guard, and gain the support of Jugeli, was at times a crucial factor in the politics of the country. Ultimately, the power and influence of the guard eroded the effectiveness of Georgia’s armed forces, and its treatment of national minorities, particularly Armenians and Ossetians, helped Bolsheviks inside and outside Georgia undermine and then overthrow the Democratic Republic. After the Sovietisation of Georgia in 1921, the record of the guard was used to discredit the social democrats’ democratic credentials domestically and internationally. Since around 1990, the guards’ South Ossetia campaigns of 1918–1920 have been used to underpin the area’s claims for independence from rule by Tbilisi.
Red Corpses: A Microhistory of Mass Graves, Dead Bodies, and Their Public Uses
Authors: Nérard François-Xavier
Published: April 2021

What happens to corpses produced by armed conflicts? This question may seem simple: most bodies are buried, more or less quickly, in mass graves. However, the time between death and the moment when the human remains are inhumed deserves to be studied. This article focuses on the situation in the Urals at the end of the Civil War (1918–1919). The fights between the Bolsheviks and their opponents resulted in many casualties. The Bolsheviks gave a fundamental, and rather unusual, importance to the bodies of ‘their’ dead and attached a specific political significance to them. They developed a politics of corpses, using them in public space to assert their power. The bodies of dead Red fighters were brought back to symbolic places, resulting in impressive public funerals across the city of Yekaterinburg in 1918. Their burial sites became contested territories, protected by the authorities but derided by their opponents. After their final victory in 1919, Bolsheviks displayed their dead as proof of the cost of their struggle. Mutilated bodies were shown to carry the stigmata of sacrifice. The inventory and identification of victims became a central and immediate requirement. Inquiry commissions questioned witnesses and looked for mass burials and abandoned corpses. Mass graves were searched, cadavers exhumed and made visible. The public use of corpses was, however, not limited to identification purposes. The display of dead bodies, which is not unusual in Orthodox culture, took on a special political dimension. There was mass dissemination of the sight of death through these public monuments and the use of photography. We must especially stress the topographical importance of the displayed death: the exhumed bodies were used to tell of victory, to make control of the territory explicit. The memorialisation of some mass graves completed the process. In Yekaterinburg, but also in more distant localities, monuments were erected. They were meant to materialise the sacrifice of so-called ‘communards’ and the peculiar place of the Civil War in the narrative of the new Bolshevik regime, honouring the memory of the dead and mobilising the living.
The “Class Ration” and Food Reserves during the Civil War
Authors: Khodyakov Mikhail
Published: April 2021

This article examines the evolution of the system of rationed food supplies in Russia. The author focuses on specific forms of food distribution during the Civil War, such as “class rations” and food reserves. At the same time, it is emphasised that a rationing system was already in effect in Russia during World War I, and the practice of fixing prices for bread and providing special food norms for certain categories of workers had begun taking shape long before the Bolsheviks came to power. Describing the introduction in 1918 of the “class ration” in Petrograd, the author proposes that the initiative was largely due to the authorities’ attempts to mitigate the growing crisis between the Bolsheviks and some industrial workers. Although the “class ration” dominated among the principles of food distribution, its economic importance should not be overestimated – even the deprivation of the “exploiters” of food could not significantly improve the nutrition of the working population. From this point of view, the introduction of “class rations” only had political significance. In most cases, the local food authorities failed to develop clear criteria to categorise the population. Using documents from the Russian State Archive of the Economy, the author demonstrates that the idea of “class rations” was developed after the establishment in November 1919 of a special commission for the supply of workers at the People’s Commissariat of Food Industry. The formation of the commission was a consequence of policies meant to centralise all aspects of life in Soviet society. Having received emergency powers from the government in supplying the population with food, the commission formed monthly lists of plants and factories and determined groups of enterprises in various sectors of the economy. As a matter of priority, the reservation of food supplies was made to provide workers. However, the norms of state supply were not always implemented and were significantly lower than the needs of the population. The idea of “class rations” was rejected only after the adoption of a decree on 30 April 1920, which declared the transition to a new form of incentives for workers, labour rations.
To Establish a Proper Kyrgyz Centre: National and Territorial Delimitation and the Capitals of Kazakhstan
Authors: Amanzholova Dina
Published: April 2021

This article considers the interconnection between national and territorial delimitation in the Central Asian region in the 1920s and the relocation of the Kazakh ASSR’s capital from Orenburg to Kzyl-Orda and then to Alma-Ata. Referring to documents, the author demonstrates how the Kazakh ethnopolitical elite used the new opportunities that emerged in this regard to ensure the national character of the Soviet autonomous region in the way that seemed the most appropriate to them. Orenburg, which became its capital upon the establishment of the Kazakh ASSR in 1920, did not look suitable; besides, the autonomous authorities had to take into account the presence of the independent authorities and management of Orenburg Province, whose representatives also experienced discomfort due to the city’s dual status. When interacting with the centre, represented by the Politburo and the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), the national leaders of Kazakhstan put forward various options for internal reorganisation and the accumulation of all possible resources in their hands. The so-called “Europeans”, i. e. Moscow envoys who led the autonomous region’s party organisation, were not only to mediate between the centre and the local elite but also establish a balance between the competing factions within it. The author also focuses on the rivalry between Kazakh politicians and the authorities of the Turkestan ASSR and the struggle for the inclusion of Tashkent and nearby Turkestan territories inhabited by Kazakhs into the Kazakh ASSR. This exposed intra-elite contradictions caused by the regional and ethno-social factors of nation-building and competition for financial, economic, administrative, and organisational resources. The article demonstrates that complex natural and climatic conditions, the nomadic nature of Kazakh society and its negligible degree of urbanisation, and a lack of proper infrastructure played a special role in the geography of Kazakhstan’s capital in the 1920s. In the context of accelerated modernisation, the government sought to combine the policy of national self-determination with ensuring the manageability and stability of a culturally complex region and strengthening interregional economic connections. The “migrations” of the Kazakh capital were also connected with the need to create an example of successful interaction between Moscow and national elites, as well as form an ethno-cultural centre that met symbolic requirements.
Bridges maintainability evaluation peculiarities as part of hydraulic structures
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Erofeev Vladimir , Bondarev Alexandr , Korneeva Anastasia , Gavrilov Mihail , Rodin Aleksandr , Erofeeva Irina
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the article is dedicated to assessing the condition with respect to use for traffic methods of bridges as part of hydraulic structures (dams, hydroelectric power stations, locks). The main factors affecting the structural element’s durability included in the composition of the hydraulic structures are dynamic loads (applied repeatedly and repeated) affecting the bay due to the hydrodynamic effect; temporary, moving loads from passing highway transportation, along the top of the structure (along the roadway); harmful chemical impurities contained in the water passing through the structure. Under the influence of the above-mentioned factors, defects and damage occur in the hydraulic facilities’ structural elements.
Methods: the authors assessed the actual state of the material of the operating structure. To assess structures and materials actual state during the bridge structure inspection work, the following instrumental measurements were performed on as-built structural elements: leveling the top of the sidewalks and the roadway; materials strength determination of the main supporting structures by nondestructive methods; thickness measuring the asphalt concrete pavement of the roadway; determination of the degree of carbonation of concrete; identification of defects in the elements of the bridge. The actual structure’s concrete strength was determined by nondestructive testing methods: (1) by the method of the elastic rebound;
(2) by the shock pulse monitoring method; (3) an indirect method of concrete strength ultrasonic testing based on the revealed relationship between the method of separation with shear test and methods – shock pulse and elastic rebound.
Results: technical condition and bridge safety indicators calculation as a hydraulic structure element was executed.
Discussion: technical examination results of the bridge structural elements and instrumental studies confirm the conclusion about the repair measures need with high-strength concretes and protective coatings based on polymer composite materials.
Final report: following the emergency scenarios a numerical estimate table for the quantitative and qualitative parameters list was made, parameters corresponding to a particular structure state. Thus, according to the scenario related to the 3rd accident group, the bridge technical condition is assessed as limited operable, and the safety level is reduced.
Coocorrência de fatores de risco obesogênicos em adolescentes brasileiros: o papel das características sociodemográficas e da presença parental
Authors: Chaves Otaviana Cardoso , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Costa Dário Alves da Silva , Andrade Roseli Gomes de , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência da coocorrência de fatores de risco obesogênicos em adolescentes brasileiros e características sociodemográficas e familiares associadas. É um estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2009 (n = 53.274). A variável resposta (coocorrência de fatores de risco obesogênicos) variou de zero a cinco e foi obtida com base no somatório dos comportamentos de risco: consumo diário de refrigerantes; consumo diário de guloseimas; consumo insuficiente de frutas; consumo insuficiente de hortaliças e atividade física insuficiente. As variáveis explicativas foram sexo, idade, cor da pele, região brasileira, escore de bens e serviços do domicílio, escolaridade materna, tipo de escola, composição familiar, monitoramento parental e realização de refeições principais com os responsáveis. Utilizou-se o diagrama de Venn para a análise exploratória e a regressão logística ordinal com modelo de odds proporcionais parciais para análise multivariada. Verificou-se maior chance de ocorrência simultânea dos fatores nos adolescentes do sexo feminino, naqueles que tinham menor monitoramento parental e que realizavam menor número de refeições com os responsáveis. Em contraste, adolescentes que residiam em regiões mais desenvolvidas do país e aqueles cujas mães possuíam maior escolaridade apresentaram menor chance de coocorrência de fatores de risco obesogênicos. Ações que estimulem mais envolvimento e supervisão familiar no comportamento alimentar podem promover impacto positivo na prevenção da obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros, principalmente em regiões menos desenvolvidas e em lares com mães de menor escolaridade.
Tecnologia para acesso à água na várzea amazônica: impactos positivos na vida de comunidades ribeirinhas do Médio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Pacifico Amanda Cristina Nunes , Nascimento Ana Claudeise Silva do , Corrêa Dávila Suellen Souza , Penteado Iaci Menezes , Pedro João Paulo Borges , Gomes Maria Cecilia Rosinski Lima , Gomes Uende Aparecida Figueiredo
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação dos impactos de saúde e social com base na implantação de sistemas de abastecimento de água em comunidades ribeirinhas na Região do Médio Solimões, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Os dados foram levantados em 21 comunidades rurais, dentre elas 19 que receberam a tecnologia de acesso à água de forma experimental nos últimos 14 anos. Para a comparação, participaram da pesquisa três comunidades rurais que não receberam a tecnologia. A metodologia utilizada foi quanti/quali, com aplicação das técnicas: grupos focais, entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários, exames parasitólogicos e análise da qualidade da água. Avaliou-se que mesmo não ocorrendo a redução da prevalência de parasitoses, os sistemas apresentaram impactos quanto ao conforto, a privacidade e na redução do tempo gasto em atividades domésticas, como buscar água no rio ou lavar roupas e vasilhas fora do domicílio. Os impactos apontam para a melhoria das condições de vida com base na perspectiva do bem-estar.
Características socioeconômicas e tecnologias na agricultura: um estudo da produção paulista de amendoim a partir do Levantamento das Unidades de Produção Agropecuária (LUPA) 2016/17
Authors: Sampaio Renata Martins , Fredo Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

resumo: Os censos agropecuários são ferramentas importantes para a compreensão das transformações na agricultura e em seus diferentes segmentos de produção. A cultura do amendoim concentra-se no estado de São Paulo e ocupa espaço importante na dinâmica econômica das principais regiões produtoras e processadoras do grão. Este estudo analisa a evolução da produção paulista de amendoim tomando como referência as informações consolidadas no Levantamento das Unidades de Produção Agropecuária (LUPA) nas safras 2007/08 e 2016/17, para diferentes indicadores socioeconômicos e tecnológicos. Os resultados destacam aumento de 62% no número de propriedades e de 65% na área plantada com amendoim, com predomínio do arrendamento de terras e da ocupação de áreas de renovação de canaviais. Os indicadores tecnológicos, sociais e de gestão do negócio são mais expressivos na cultura do amendoim do que na média da agricultura paulista, dentre os quais o nível educacional do produtor, as formas de organização em cooperativas e associações, e a presença de práticas mais sustentáveis nas propriedades rurais. A realidade traçada permite apoiar políticas e estratégias de desenvolvimento regional e de fortalecimento e expansão da atividade.
Anthropology of Performance or Anthropology of Contemporary Theatre?: ethnographic remarks on companhia brasileira de teatro and PROJETO bRASIL
Authors: Krüger Cauê
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Based on anthropological and ethnographical fieldwork research with companhia brasileira de teatro this article points to some limits of a universalist and orthodox anthropology of performance. It sustains, alternatively, one anthropology of contemporary theatre, dealing with concepts such as drama, performance and dramaturgy as research realms, able to express desires, expectancies, and meanings disputes enrolled in the artistic process. This study reveals how performative theatre, metadiscursive and de-dramatizing strategies lead to polysemic and reflexive scenes that provide critical discourses, viewpoints shifts and encourage sensibility for alterity.
Landscape as Operational Notion in the Performing Arts
Authors: Schuquel Maurílio Bertazzo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT This essay aims to trigger the landscape as an operational notion in the Performing Arts. It reflects the landscape of Gertrude Stein theater as a paradigm for a scene architected from a co-relational way. It appears, that the landscape as an exemplary condition can operate as a theatrical poetic perceived in its entirety, in its materializations and in its possible imaginary senses.
Auxin type and dilution vehicles on vegetative propagation of Varronia curassavica Jacq. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel
Authors: Pereira Marcelo , Gonçalves Lilian Fernanda Sfendrych , Gomes Erik Nunes , Rossa Überson Boaretto , Deschamps Cícero
Published: April 2021

Abstract Studies on the propagation of medicinal and ornamental plant species show of great relevance as they contribute to the domestication, cultivation and production of these species. However, there are not enough information concerning the interaction of the different plant growth regulators and the recommended dilution vehicles. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol as rooting inducers, as well as their performance as vehicles for diluting indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in stem cuttings of the species Varronia curassavica and Melaleuca alternifolia. Stem cuttings of both species were submitted to the treatments: control with distilled water, hydroethanolic solution (50% v v-1), NaOH solution in distilled water, indolebutyric acid diluted in hydroethanolic solution, indolebutyric acid diluted in NaOH solution, naphthalene acetic acid diluted in hydroethanolic acid and naphthalene acetic acid diluted in NaOH solution (0.5 N). The design used was completely randomized, with the averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Better rooting of the cuttings was observed when IBA was applied using both dilution vehicles. For M. alternifolia, percentages of average survival of 26.43% were verified. Rooting was more satisfactory when using NaOH as a dilution vehicle for both IBA (16.66%) and NAA (23.33%). For V. curassavica, IBA (2000 mg L-1) is the most suitable plant regulator, diluted in both hydroethanolic solution and in NaOH, while for M. alternifolia, NaOH is recommended as a dilution vehicle for plant growth regulators NAA (500 mg L-1) and IBA (500 mg L-1). When applied isolated, the dilution vehicles do not stimulate and do not harm the rooting of the two species.
Rtabnetsp: pacote R para extração de indicadores de saúde do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Morais João Henrique de Araújo , Konstantyner Thais Cláudia Roma de Oliveira , Fazenda Álvaro Luiz , Sala Arnaldo , Martins Camila Bertini
Published: April 2021

Resumo Indicadores de saúde representam uma importante ferramenta de acompanhamento de desempenho de ações em Saúde Pública, permitindo a avaliação de intervenções realizadas, bem como a identificação de tendências e regiões prioritárias para alocação de recursos. Com o objetivo de aumentar a praticidade nas tarefas de análise e manipulação de dados desses indicadores, foi criado um pacote R. O pacote rtabnetsp realiza requisições aos servidores TabNet da página eletrônica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, recuperando e tratando tais dados para utilização do usuário. Este artigo apresenta o pacote rtabnetsp e suas funções, modo de instalação e uso; traz também exemplos de suas funcionalidades, que permitem a visualização, busca e seleção, entre uma lista de indicadores, do conteúdo desejado, além da obtenção dos dados agregados pelo nível de regionalização disponível na matriz de dados, conferindo maior agilidade a tarefas de gestão em saúde do estado de São Paulo.
Influence of hydraulic jigging of construction and demolition waste recycled aggregate on hardened concrete properties
Authors: Santos Iago Lopes dos , Frantz Luciana Vanni , Masuero Angela Borges
Published: April 2021

abstract: Concern with the maintenance of natural resources has increased research about recycled aggregates for concrete production. However, the heterogeneity of recycled aggregates is one of the main constraints for their use in practice, because it can generate variability in concrete properties, hence reducing their final quality. Then, the jigging has been seen as a promising way of improving recycled aggregate quality. This paper aimed to evaluate its use for better application in concrete. A modified jig was used to sort recycled coarse aggregates. Concrete were produced with water/cement ratio from 0.5 and 100% of recycled coarse aggregate. The recycled aggregate properties upgrade were achieved and the results of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of recycled concrete made with aggregate which were submitted to jigging were increased, indicating a potential application in wide scale.