bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The History of Discovery of Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Owji Shahin , Shoja Mohammadali M.
Published: August 2019

The scientific community's understanding of neuronal plasticity has evolved considerably over recent decades, thanks largely to Josef Altman. Altman's findings laid the groundwork for an entire subfield of neuroscience research dedicated to exploring the potential of the adult brain to create new neurons, which until then had been considered impossible. From the formative years of this field until the 1990s, when adult neurogenesis was finally accepted as a legitimate topic of study, Altman's work was followed by a series of pivotal discoveries by a handful of other dedicated neuroscientists such as Shirley Bayer, Michael Kaplan, and Fernando Nottebohm. In any sphere of activity, some wish to maintain the status quo when change occurs; science is no different. For many years, influential figures in neuroscience dismissed and marginalized the concept of adult neurogenesis, sometimes going so far as to censor the studies and launch personal attacks against their proponents. Nevertheless, despite obstacles to their research, these scientists persisted and built upon one another's work. During the 1970s, Kaplan confirmed neurogenesis in the adult mammalian neocortex and also performed some of the first neurogenesis studies on primates. During the 1980s, Nottebohm drew on his fascination with the songs of canaries and finches to show that neurogenesis happens on a grand scale in the avian brain as well, regardless of age. Today, more than half a century after Altman's discovery, the adult neurogenesis field is growing rapidly and new research is realizing its potential to revolutionize treatment for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries. Clin. Anat. 32:41–55, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition of Bawei Longzuan Granule and Its Anti‐Arthritic Activity on Collagen‐Induced Arthritis in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Li Hai‐Jiao , Zhang Chuan‐Tao , Du Huan , Xu Tong , Li Qi , Wang Ping , Fang Gang , Fan Gang
Published: August 2019

Bawei Longzuan granule (BLG) is a representative Zhuang medicine preparation. The present work aims to characterize the chemical constituents of BLG and evaluate its anti‐arthritic activity. The major chemical constituents of BLG were tentatively identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS), which revealed the presence of some alkaloids (e. g., magnoflorine, sinomenine and nitidine) and flavonoids (e. g., hesperidin, diosmin and sinensetin) that may be partly responsible for the anti‐arthritic effect of BLG. In addition, the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats was induced by intradermal injection of bovine collagen‐II in complete Freund's adjuvant at the base of tail. The CIA rats received oral administration of BLG (1.25, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) for 30 days. Then, various indicators were determined to evaluate its anti‐arthritic activity, including paw swelling, arthritic score, body weight, knee joint pathology, thymus index and spleen index. Additionally, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐4 and IL‐10 were measured to determine the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that BLG efficiently ameliorated the severity of arthritis in CIA rats by decreasing paw swelling and arthritis score and improving the histological lesions of knee joint. Moreover, the serum levels of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines (i. e., IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ) were downregulated, whereas two anti‐inflammatory factors (i. e., IL‐4 and IL‐10) were upregulated after BLG administration. These results indicated that BLG possessed promising therapeutic effect on collagen‐induced arthritis by inhibiting inflammatory responses. BLG can be used as a complementary or alternative traditional medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Biological Evaluation of a New Brassinosteroid: Antiproliferative Effects and Targeting Estrogen Receptor α Pathways
Authors: Scherbakov Alexander M. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Khripach Vladimir A. , Shcherbinin Dmitrii S. , Mekhtiev Arif R. , Shchegolev Yuri Yu. , Savochka Aleh P. , Andreeva Olga E.
Published: August 2019

Brassinosteroids (BS), a class of plant‐specific steroid hormones, are considered as new potential anticancer agents for the treatment of tumors of different origin, including hormone‐dependent cancers. Effects of a synthetic brassinosteroid BS4 ((22R,23R,24R)‐22,23‐dihydroxy‐24‐methyl‐B‐homo‐7‐oxa‐5α‐cholest‐2‐en‐6‐one ((3aS,7aR,7bS,9aS,10R,12aS,12bS)‐10‐[(2S,3R,4R,5R)‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐5,6‐dimethylheptan‐2‐yl]‐7a,9a‐dimethyl‐1,3a,4,7,7a,7b,8,9,9a,10,11,12,12a,12b‐tetradecahydro‐3H‐benzo[c]indeno[5,4‐e]oxepin‐3‐one)) on hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells and normal epithelial cells and its impact on the estrogen receptor signaling were evaluated. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT‐test; expression of estrogen receptor α and survivin was measured by immunoblotting. Transactivation analysis of luciferase reporter gene was performed for ERα and AP‐1 factors after the brassinosteroid treatment. Dock6 and Autodock Vina were used for molecular docking. BS4 revealed a significant antiproliferative effect towards the hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells and was not active against normal epithelial cells. BS4 action on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells was found to be complex: a decrease in ERα expression as well as in its transcription activity was accompanied by inhibition of ERα‐related signaling pathways (AP‐1 complex and survivin). BS4 binding mode to ERα ligand‐binding domain was analyzed by molecular docking. The obtained results show that antiproliferative and antiestrogenic properties of the brassinosteroid BS4, as well as its ability to inhibit the anti‐apoptotic protein survivin may be of interest for further development of anticancer agents.
A double‐lumen catheter for hemodialysis dislocated into the mediastinum
Authors: Kusumoto Takuya , Mitsushio Kento , Kajiwara Nobuyuki
Published: August 2019

The insertion of a catheter into the mediastinum can occur in any patient as a complication. We must check for blood regurgitation not only in the blood removal line but also in the blood return line.
Fluoroscopic‐assisted laparoscopic retrieval of retained glucose sensor wire from the omentum
Authors: Sang Adam X. , Lal Rayhan , August Auriel , Danzer Enrico , Buckingham Bruce , Mueller Claudia M.
Published: August 2019

We describe a case in which retained wires from a continuous glucose monitor were removed from the abdominal wall and peritoneum of a 6‐year‐old boy. We highlight a concern for continuous glucose monitor use in children and discuss surgical techniques used to retrieve tiny, mobile objects from complex body cavities.
Liver uptake on bone scan for prostate cancer metastatic workup
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba
Published: August 2019

This clinical image presents an unusual association of diffuse liver uptake on bone scan and prostate adenocarcinoma. Such association has never been described in the literature. The cause of the hepatic uptake should be identified from thorough history taking, technical factors to anatomical diagnostic workup.
Porous α‐MnSe Microsphere Cathode Material for High‐Performance Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Du Yiqun , Zhao Shimeng , Xu Cheng , Zhang Wenyang , Fan Shuming , Li Pan , Jin Huixin , Zhang Youjian , Zhang Jianxin
Published: August 2019

Aluminum batteries (ABs) have been considered as a viable candidate for new‐generation energy‐storage devices due to its low cost and high theoretical volumetric capacity. Despite these advantages, the large‐scale application of ABs is constrained by scarce options of suitable cathode materials. Herein, three‐dimensional nanostructured α‐MnSe microspheres with porous properties are reported as a cathode for ABs. The nanosized and porous structure of α‐MnSe could offer numerous open channels and the short ionic transport path, which would efficiently mitigate volume changes and enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics. Moreover, the pseudocapacitive characteristic of Al3+ storage in α‐MnSe contributes to the fast kinetics of the cathode. It is demonstrated that the reversible Al3+ insertion/extraction occurs in the α‐MnSe cathode during the cycling process. The resulting aluminum battery based on the α‐MnSe cathode, AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl ionic liquid electrolyte, and aluminum anode exhibits an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 408 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Even for a current density at 1 A g−1, a discharge capacity of 131 mA h g−1 could be retained with a Coulombic efficiency of 97 % over 150 cycles. This strategy has referential significance in aspects of the selection of compatible cathode for ABs.
Base‐Assisted Electrografting of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Anex Corentin , Touzé Ewen , Curet Léonard , Gohier Frédéric , Cougnon Charles
Published: August 2019

Contrary to aliphatic amines, aromatic amines have received less attention for surface modification by oxidation due to the low acidity of their cation radicals. To overcome this limitation, bases are often added into the solution to facilitate or to make the grafting possible. However, there has only been a modest focus on their impact on the grafting efficiency. Here, the anodic behavior of a series of para‐substituted anilines was investigated in the presence of different bases to address this issue. From complete sets of Brønsted acidity/basicity data and H‐bond acidity/basicity factors for both para‐substituted anilines and bases, a grafting efficiency index was proposed as a practical tool to choose the most suitable base for the grafting. As a proof‐of‐concept for base‐assisted grafting of aromatic amines, two aniline/base systems were tested to modify carbon surfaces at lower potential, compared to the modification achieved from pure aniline solutions.
Effective Strain Engineering of IrO2 Toward Improved Oxygen Evolution Catalysis through a Catalyst‐Support System
Authors: Zhou Zhenhua , Zaman Waqas Qamar , Sun Wei , Zhang Hao , Tariq Muhammad , Cao Limei , Yang Ji
Published: August 2019

A template‐free, one‐step synthesis of nano‐IrO2 on a layered Mn−Co birnessite support was developed to induce the catalyst‐support interaction. The IrO2 nanoparticles were prepared with inherent crystal lattice strain, which is derived from the Ir‐O−Mn mismatch at the interface. The oxidation state of iridium is higher than IrIV, revealing the electron transfer to the substrate. On account of the crystal lattice distortion and electronic manipulations being favorable to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the as‐synthesized composite exhibited excellent OER activity and stability. The improved catalytic nature was followed by enhancement in the electrochemical active surface area, mass specific activity, and intrinsic activity. Moreover, the Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1 reveals better reaction kinetics for IrO2/Mn−Co (2 : 1)‐birnessite than many previously reported catalysts despite the low precious noble metal content in the as‐synthesized composite. Conclusively, we have proven that the strain engineering holds vital importance in forming catalyst‐support interaction and rational design of catalysts.
Towards Extended Zinc Ethylsulfinate Networks by Stepwise Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide into Zn−C Bonds
Authors: Tulewicz Adam , Wolska‐Pietkiewicz Małgorzata , Jędrzejewska Maria , Ratajczyk Tomasz , Justyniak Iwona , Lewiński Janusz
Published: August 2019

The ability to utilize polluting gases in efficient metal‐mediated transformations is one of the most pressing challenges of modern chemistry. Despite numerous studies on the insertion of SO2into M−C bonds, the chemical reaction of SO2with organozinc compounds remains little explored. To fill this gap, we report here the systematic study of the reaction of Et2Zn towards SO2as well as the influence of Lewis bases on the reaction course. Whereas the equimolar reaction provided a novel example of a structurally characterized organozinc ethylsulfinate compound of general formula [(EtSO2)ZnEt]n, the utilization of an excess of SO2led to the formation of the zinc(II) bis(ethylsulfinate) compound [(EtSO2)2Zn]n. Moreover, we have discovered that the presence of N‐donor Lewis bases represents an efficient tool for the preparation of extended zinc ethylsulfinates, which in turn led to the formation of 1D [(EtSO2ZnEt)2(hmta)]nand 2D [((EtSO2)2Zn)2(DABCO)]n⋅solv (in which solv=THF or toluene, hmta= hexamethylenetetramine, and DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) coordination polymers, respectively. The results of DFT calculations on the reactivity of SO2towards selected Zn−C reactive species as well as the role of an N‐donor Lewis base on the stabilization of the transition states complement the discussion.
Synthesis of Pyridyl and N‐Methylpyridinium Analogues of Rosamines: Relevance of Solvent and Charge on Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Leite Andreia , Cunha‐Silva Luís , Silva Daniel , Lobo Ferreira Ana I. M. C. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. , Cardoso Inês C. S. , Silva Vera L. M. , Rangel Maria , Silva Ana M. G.
Published: August 2019

A series of pyridyl analogues of rosamines was prepared by employing two methodologies: (i) the conventional‐heating condensation of a pyridinecarboxaldehyde with 3‐(diethylamino)phenol in propionic acid, and (ii) the novel ohmic‐heating assisted condensation under “on water” conditions, followed by oxidation. The 4‐pyridyl substituted rosamine was further converted into the N‐methylpyridinium derivative through N‐alkylation using methyl iodide. The influence of the position and cationization of the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl ring in the physicochemical properties of fluorophores was investigated by 1H, 13C, 15N NMR spectral analysis, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (4‐pyridyl and N‐methylpyridinium derivatives) and thermal‐behavior analysis. Curiously, for ethanolic solutions of 4‐pyridyl and N‐methylpyridinium derivatives an extinction of color and fluorescence over time was observed. This phenomenon was further studied and the data revealed that it is the result of nucleophilic addition of ethoxide ion to the central 9‐position of the xanthene. The kinetics of the process is slower for the 4‐pyridyl rosamine, which emphasizes the importance of the charge in the N‐methylpyridinium analogue in the reactivity of the molecule towards a nucleophile agent. This phenomenon is reversible, meaning that the compounds can be rapidly recovered by decreasing the pH, opening new avenues in the sensing applications of this class of rosamines.
Messing – Konfliktstoff im Aachener Raum
Authors: Offermanns Heribert
Published: August 2019

Rohstoffe bergen nicht erst heute politischen Konfliktstoff: Messing beziehungsweise dessen Legierungsbestandteil Zink sorgte im Aachener Raum gleich zweimal für Kontroversen. So wurde im 16. Jahrhundert Stolberg zum Zentrum der Messingerzeugung, weil die protestantischen Kupfermeister im streng katholischen Aachen durch Zunftregularien behindert wurden und man Ihnen in der Zeit der Aachener Religionsunruhen ab etwa 1530 gar das Zunftrecht entzog.

Das zweite Ereignis führte im 19. Jahrhundert zur Bildung der Mikronation „Neutral Moresnet“, die immerhin 103 Jahre Bestand hatte. Die wenig bekannte Kuriosität war das Ergebnis der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Preußen und den Niederlanden beim Wiener Kongress 1815 um die Zuordnung der Ortschaft Kelmis (auch La Calamine bzw. Altenburg) mit Europas profitabelster Zinkmine.
Weiß, rot, violett, schwarz sind alle meine Farben…
Authors: Hatscher Deike , Hatscher Frederik
Published: August 2019

Weiß, rot, violett und schwarz ist alles, was ich hab, darum lieb ich alles was weiß, rot, violett und schwarz ist, weil mein Schatz ein polymorphes Nichtmetall ist.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polypeptide‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogels Mediated by Ca2+ Ion Cross‐Linking
Authors: Meng Fandong , Sun Jing , Li Zhibo
Published: August 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Hydrogels cross‐linked with metal ions (e.g., Ca2+) represent a promising class of bioinspired materials for a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we report a facile approach to obtain cross‐linked stimuli‐responsive supramolecular polypeptide hydrogels. The hydrogel is prepared by statistical/block copoly(L‐glutamate)s based copolymers cross‐linked with calcium ions. The incorporation of both oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) and glutamic acid residues in the polymer offers thermal‐responsive property and cooperative binding sites with Ca2+ ions simultaneously. We present a systematic study of the influence of calcium ions on the gelation behaviors of these copolymers. It is observed that the addition of calcium ions induces the formation of hydrogels. Increasing the concentration of Ca2+ ions can significantly enhance the gelation ability of the samples as indicated by increased storage modulus and decreased sol‐to‐gel transition temperature (Tsol‐gel). We further demonstrate that the influence of monomer distribution on the gelation behavior is trivial, which is possibly due to similar morphology of the self‐assemblies. The obtained hydrogels exhibit thermal‐responsive gelation behavior mediated by ion cross‐linking, which enables them to be ideal smart hydrogel system for many applications.
Unlocking the potential of population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Tucker Thomas C. , Durbin Eric B. , McDowell Jaclyn K. , Huang Bin
Published: August 2019

Population‐based cancer registries have improved dramatically over the last 2 decades. These central cancer registries provide a critical framework that can elevate the science of cancer research. There have also been important technical and scientific advances that help to unlock the potential of population‐based cancer registries. These advances include improvements in probabilistic record linkage, refinements in natural language processing, the ability to perform genomic sequencing on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue, and improvements in the ability to identify activity levels of many different signaling molecules in FFPE tissue. This article describes how central cancer registries can provide a population‐based sample frame that will lead to studies with strong external validity, how central cancer registries can link with public and private health insurance claims to obtain complete treatment information, how central cancer registries can use informatics techniques to provide population‐based rapid case ascertainment, how central cancer registries can serve as a population‐based virtual tissue repository, and how population‐based cancer registries are essential for guiding the implementation of evidence‐based interventions and measuring changes in the cancer burden after the implementation of these interventions.
TARNN: Task‐aware autonomic resource management using neural networks in cloud environment
Authors: Sujaudeen N. , Mirnalinee T.T.
Published: August 2019

Resource management is one of the major issue in cloud computing for IaaS. Among several resource management problems allocation, provisioning, and requirement mapping directly affects the performance of cloud. Resource allocation signifies assignment of available resources to different workloads in an economically optimal manner. Precise and accurate allocation is required to maximize the usage of resources. Current method of task allocation do not take previously acquired knowledge, type of the tasks, and the QoS parameters altogether into account in the allocation phase, and it has not been trained for different set of tasks. Furthermore, the self‐optimization of the autonomous system fails to address the task type and identify the relationship between tasks and the resource demands along with its requirements. Important aspects like task management and resource utilization are the primary factors to consider for such a characteristic. This paper will present a novel autonomic resource management framework named task‐aware autonomic resource allocation strategy using neural networks (TARNN), which aims to use knowledge about the behavior of the task over an extended period of time and use this knowledge to allocate resources when a similar task is submitted in future by the user. To effectively do the allocation, a neural network–based approach is adopted to classify the tasks appropriately based on the task parameters, task type, and QoS parameters and allocate the resource optimally for a new task autonomously, without the intervention of the cloud provider. Moreover, to identify and improve the relationship of the tasks with the resources in the context of scheduling, we have proposed a novel modified Particle Swarm Optimization (m‐PSO) algorithm to schedule the tasks to resources based on resource demands. In TARNN, we have separated the collected synthetic dataset into 60‐40 ratio for training and testing purposes. We found that the neural network–based approach provides almost 80% accurate classification w.r.t. task type and QoS parameters. We have also compared our results with support vector machine (SVM) and got 69% accuracy. Since the tasks are classified appropriately, the occurrence of resource reconfiguration and VM migration is drastically reduced. Hence, our system provides better allocation of resources and schedules the tasks appropriately to the resources, thereby improving the performance of the cloud.
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamical Modes of Four Pulse‐Coupled Chemical Micro‐Oscillators
Authors: Proskurkin Ivan S. , Smelov Pavel S. , Vanag Vladimir K.
Published: August 2019

We present an experimental system of four identical microreactors (MRs) in which the photosensitive oscillatory Belousov‐Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction occurs. The inhibitory coupling of these BZ MRs is organized via pulses of light coming to each MR from a computer projector. These pulses are induced by spike(s) in other MR(s) of the same network. Time delay between the spike in one BZ MR and the pulsed perturbation of the other BZ MR(s), the amplitude of light pulses, their duration, and the connectivity of the MRs are controlled by the LabVIEW software. Recording the dynamics of the BZ reaction in the MRs via a microscope equipped with a CCD camera, we observe all the main dynamical modes of our network of MRs, which are the IP (in‐phase), AP (anti‐phase), W (walk), and WR (walk reverse) for the unidirectional coupling, and the IP, two‐cluster, three‐cluster, and splay modes for the all‐to‐all coupling. Our software detects all the modes of the network automatically and makes it possible to switch between them on demand using a few special “switching” pulses. As the result of the present work, the experimental implementation of the adaptive behaviour of the pulse‐coupled chemical micro‐oscillator networks becomes available.
Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation Catalysed by Pd/C
Authors: Nicolau Guillermo , Tarantino Giulia , Hammond Ceri
Published: August 2019

Although the selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is a critical reaction, it is often plagued by several challenges related to sustainability. Here, the continuous, acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds over heterogeneous catalysts was demonstrated, in the absence of oxidants, bases or acceptor molecules. In addition to improving selectivity and atom efficiency, the absence of an acceptor resulted in the co‐production of molecular H2, a clean energy source, and permitted dehydrogenation to proceed at >98 % selectivity at turnover frequency values amongst the highest in the literature. Moreover, excellent durability was observed during continuous operation over 48 h, reaching space‐time yields of 0.683 g(product) mL−1 h−1, better than the state of the art by over two orders of magnitude. Alongside these breakthroughs, the basic kinetic parameters of the reaction were also determined, allowing some of the elementary reaction steps to be identified.
Cervical high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on conventional cytology: Cytological patterns, pitfalls, and diagnostic clues
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Sodhani Pushpa , Mehrotra Ravi , Gupta Sanjay
Published: August 2019

Background

Conventional cervical cytology, which has a relatively low sensitivity in diagnosing high‐grade lesions as compared to liquid‐based cytology, is still being practiced in low resource settings. This study aimed at elucidating various cytomorphological patterns, pitfalls, and subtle clues to high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) diagnosis on conventional cervical cytology through cytologic‐histologic correlation.

Methods

Cervical biopsies reported as CIN2/3 were correlated with their corresponding Pap smears over a 10‐year period to determine the frequency of undercalls. For characterization of overcalls, cervical smears reported as HSIL and their corresponding biopsies during the same period were correlated. The discordant cases in both the groups were reviewed for problematic patterns and pitfalls in cytological diagnosis of HSIL.

Results

Of the 142 biopsies with CIN2/3, 29 (20.4%) cases had been undercalled on cytology. Sixteen (16) of these could be reclassified as ASC‐H/HSIL on smear review. Smears showing predominant cells of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion grade with a few HSIL cells and those with small abnormal cells in an atrophic background formed the main confounders for HSIL underdiagnosis.

Thirteen (13) out of 130 (10%) Pap smears called as HSIL, where biopsy diagnosis was less than CIN2, were labeled as overcalls. Atypical metaplasia, hyperchromatic crowded groups, and reparative changes constituted the major diagnostic pitfalls on cytology. A diligent smear review helped to reduce the undercall and overcall rates to 9.1% and 2.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Awareness of morphological challenges in interpretation of HSIL among cytopathologists practicing cervical cytology would assist in reducing the diagnostic errors and ensure better patient management.
A longitudinal birth cohort study of early life conditions, psychosocial factors, and emerging adolescent sexual orientation
Authors: Xu Yin , Norton Sam , Rahman Qazi
Published: August 2019

This study tested whether previously reported associations between early life factors and later adolescent sexual orientation could be replicated in another prospective birth cohort, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We used data on 9,795 youth from the MCS. Emerging sexual orientation was assessed using measures of sexual attraction to males and females in separate items at 14 years. Factors including birthweight, breastfeeding, sibling composition, parental ages, maternal psychopathology, parent‐child relationship, and contextual risks were separated into three developmental periods: prenatal (n = 5 factors), before 7 years (n = 6 factors), and after 7 years (n = 5 factors). We controlled for handedness as a putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure and the possibility of mischievous responding statistically. Girls with greater maternal psychological distress since age 7 and greater pubertal body mass index were more likely to be nonheterosexual but the effect sizes were very small. Among boys there were no significant associations between any early life conditions and later sexual orientation. However, focusing on effect sizes rather than significance levels, there were small associations between preterm birth and nonheterosexuality. The results offer further evidence that psychosocial influences in the development of adolescent sexual orientation are weak or non‐existent.
Relative deprivation: A mechanism for the ostracism–aggression link
Authors: Jiang Tonglin , Chen Zhansheng
Published: August 2019

In five studies, we tested whether ostracism triggers feelings of relative deprivation and whether relative deprivation accounts for the impact of ostracism on aggression. Relative to participants who recalled either inclusive or neutral experiences, participants who recalled ostracism experiences reported higher levels of relative deprivation (Study 1). Furthermore, the feeling of relative deprivation mediated the effect of ostracism on aggression (Studies 2, 3a, and 3b). Framing ostracism as an experience of nondeprivation weakened the connection between ostracism and aggression (Study 4), which suggests an effective way of reducing aggression following an ostracism experience. Together, these findings highlight the significance of relative deprivation in shaping people's responses toward ostracism.
Towards robust cell culture processes — Unraveling the impact of media preparation by spectroscopic online monitoring
Authors: Brunner Matthias , Brosig Philipp , Losing Monika , Kunzelmann Marco , Calvet Amandine , Stiefel Fabian , Bechmann Jan , Unsoeld Andreas , Schaub Jochen
Published: August 2019

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes can be affected by variability in cell culture media, e.g. caused by raw material impurities. Although efforts have been made in industry and academia to characterize cell culture media and raw materials with advanced analytics, the process of industrial cell culture media preparation itself has not been reported so far. Within this publication, we first compare mid‐infrared and two‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy with respect to their suitability as online monitoring tools during cell culture media preparation, followed by a thorough assessment of the impact of preparation parameters on media quality. Through the application of spectroscopic methods, we can show that media variability and its corresponding root cause can be detected online during the preparation process. This methodology is a powerful tool to avoid batch failure and is a valuable technology for media troubleshooting activities. Moreover, in a design of experiments approach, including additional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analytics, it is shown that variable preparation parameters such as temperature, power input and preparation time can have a strong impact on the physico‐chemical composition of the media. The effect on cell culture process performance and product quality in subsequent fed‐batch processes was also investigated. The presented results reveal the need for online spectroscopic methods during the preparation process and show that media variability can already be introduced by variation in media preparation parameters, with a potential impact on scale‐up to a commercial manufacturing process.
Joint Toxicity of Acetamiprid and Co-Applied Pesticide Adjuvants on Honeybees under Semifield and Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Chen Lang , Yan Qingping , Zhang Jinzhen , Yuan Shankui , Liu Xingang
Published: August 2019

The evaluation of adverse effects of pesticides, pesticide adjuvants, and their combination on honeybees is hampered by a lack of colony-level bioassays reflecting productivity and survival over longer term exposure. In the present study, the joint toxicity of acetamiprid and co-applied pesticide adjuvants (N-methyl pyrrolidone [NMP], Silwet L-77, and Triton X-100) to honeybees was determined both in the laboratory and under semifield conditions. The 3 pesticide adjuvants caused no significant acute toxicity to honeybees by themselves; however, in the laboratory tests, they significantly increased the acute contact toxicity of acetamiprid to honeybees. For the semifield tests, in the T2 group (treatment with 5% acetamiprid soluble concentrate [SL] containing 10% Silwet L-77), the mortality of honeybees was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the blank control on the fourth day after application (DAA + 4), that of the T1 group (5% acetamiprid SL containing 10% NMP) on DAA + 4 and DAA + 7 (seventh day after application), and that of the T3 group (5% acetamiprid SL containing 10% Triton X-100) on DAA + 4. Furthermore, the flight intensity in the T2 group on DAA + 7, the colony intensity on DAA + 28 (28th day after application), and the mean areas covered by pupae on DAA + 15 (15th day after application) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the blank control. Therefore, pesticide adjuvants may be important factors in increasing the toxicity of neonicotinoids to honeybees. Measures should be taken to manage the environmental risk of pesticide adjuvants during the process of formulation development and registration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1940–1946. © 2019 SETAC.
Forecasting of electricity price through a functional prediction of sale and purchase curves
Authors: Shah Ismail , Lisi Francesco
Published: August 2019

This work proposes a new approach for the prediction of the electricity price based on forecasting aggregated purchase and sale curves. The basic idea is to model the hourly purchase and the sale curves, to predict them and to find the intersection of the predicted curves in order to obtain the predicted equilibrium market price and volume. Modeling and forecasting of purchase and sale curves is performed by means of functional data analysis methods. More specifically, parametric (FAR) and nonparametric (NPFAR) functional autoregressive models are considered and compared to some benchmarks. An appealing feature of the functional approach is that, unlike other methods, it provides insights into the sale and purchase mechanism connected with the price and demand formation process and can therefore be used for the optimization of bidding strategies. An application to the Italian electricity market (IPEX) is also provided, showing that NPFAR models lead to a statistically significant improvement in the forecasting accuracy.
Isolation and identification of the spoilage microorganisms in Sichuan homemade Paocai and their impact on quality and safety
Authors: Ao Xiaolin , Yan Junling , Chen Ceng , Zhao Jiawei , Liu Shuliang , Zhao Ke , Chen Shujuan , He Li
Published: August 2019

The spoilage microbiology in Paocai (fermented vegetables) affects not only the quality of this popular traditional Chinese food but also its safety. This study aimed to isolate and identify the microorganisms commonly leading to spoilage in homemade Paocai from the Sichuan region and, further, to scientifically assess the impact of these microorganisms on product quality and safety. Seven putrid Paocai samples were collected from 7 families in different Sichuan cities. From these, 45 strains were isolated by means of a nutrient agar medium and rose bengal agar. All of the 22 strains (5 fungi and 17 bacteria) with different colonial morphologies and corruption phenomenon in Paocai were determined 16S rDNA/18S rDNA gene sequences. Bacteria were identified as Bacillus spp. (16 strains) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1 strain), while the 5 fungi were identified as Candida spp. (3 strains), Kodamaea ohmeri (1 strain), and Geotrichum candidum (1 strain). Based on the results of identification, 7 representative strains of different species were determined as the spoilage characteristics in paocai. All the representative strains metabolized to produce nitrite. Strain SPF21 (K. ohmeri) has a particularly serious impact on the crunchiness of Paocai; however, strains SPF19 (Bacillus subtilis) and SPF21 have the greatest influence on its color. All five of the fungi were seen to form a film on the surface of the Paocai, with SPF5 (G. candidum) exerting the most extreme influence. The growth characteristics in the broth showed that all the representative strains investigated metabolized most of the carbohydrates and were able to tolerate the salinity and acidity of the ordinary homemade Paocai. Moreover, these strains were found to have obvious impacts on the volatile components of Paocai, especially SPF2 and SPF8, with higher dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, which were found to have a pungent odor when highly concentrated.
The incidence, risk factors, and survival of acute myeloid leukemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome: A population‐based study
Authors: Ye Xingnong , Chen Dan , Zheng Yan , Wu Cai , Zhu Xiaoqiong , Huang Jian
Published: August 2019

To determine the incidence, risk factors, and relative survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Retrospective analysis of all patients with new MDS onset in the SEER‐18 database from 2001 to 2013. We identified 36 558 patients with primary MDS. The rate of secondary AML (sAML) was 3.7% among patients 40 years or younger and 2.5% among those older than 40 (P = .039). The median transformation interval was significantly shorter for the younger group (4.04 vs 13.1 mo; P < .001). For both age groups, median overall and cancer‐specific survival were significantly longer for patients who did not develop sAML. Although the younger patients survived longer than the older patients, sAML development had a more negative effect on the survival of younger patients. Female sex, age, and World Health Organization (WHO) type MDS with single lineage dysplasia (MDS‐SLD) were associated with a decreased risk of sAML for older but not younger patients. Among older patients with MDS, a married status, Black race, female sex, shorter time to sAML, and WHO type MDS‐SLD or MDS with ringed sideroblasts were favorable prognostic factors for survival. In the SEER database, the rate of sAML among patients with MDS is lower than that in previous reports, but these patients still have worse survival. Risk assessment should include clinical and demographic factors.
Investigating snowpack across scale in the northern Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest region of Central Ontario, Canada
Authors: Beaton Andy D. , Metcalfe Robert A. , Buttle James M. , Franklin Steven E.
Published: August 2019

This study investigates scaling issues by evaluating snow processes and quantifying bias in snowpack properties across scale in a northern Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest. Snow depth and density were measured along transects stratified by land cover over the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 winters. Daily snow depth was measured using a time‐lapse (TL) camera at each transect. Semivariogram analysis of the transect data was conducted, and no autocorrelation was found, indicating little spatial structure along the transects. Pairwise differences in snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) between land covers were calculated and compared across scales. Differences in snowpack between forested sites at the TL points corresponded to differences in canopy cover, but this relationship was not evident at the transect scale, indicating a difference in observed process across scale. TL and transect estimates had substantial bias, but consistency in error was observed, which indicates that scaling coefficients may be derived to improve point scale estimates. TL and transect measurements were upscaled to estimate grid scale means. Upscaled estimates were compared and found to be consistent, indicating that appropriately stratified point scale measurements can be used to approximate a grid scale mean when transect data are not available. These findings are important in remote regions such as the study area, where frequent transect data may be difficult to obtain. TL, transect, and upscaled means were compared with modelled depth and SWE. Model comparisons with TL and transect data indicated that bias was dependent on land cover, measurement scale, and seasonality. Modelled means compared well with upscaled estimates, but model SWE was underestimated during spring melt. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the spatial representativeness of in situ measurements and the processes those measurements represent when validating gridded snow products or assimilating data into models.
Integration of Chlorpyrifos Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Water Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration into a Regional Scale Multiple Stressor Risk Assessment Estimating Risk to Chinook Salmon
Authors: Landis Wayne G , Chu Valerie R , Graham Scarlett E , Harris Meagan J , Markiewicz April J , Mitchell Chelsea J , von Stackelberg Katherine E , Stark John D
Published: August 2019

We estimated the risk to populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) due to chlorpyrifos (CH), water temperature (WT), and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in 4 watersheds in Washington State, USA. The watersheds included the Nooksack and Skagit Rivers in the Northern Puget Sound, the Cedar River in the Seattle–Tacoma corridor, and the Yakima River, a tributary of the Columbia River. The Bayesian network relative risk model (BN-RRM) was used to conduct this ecological risk assessment and was modified to contain an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition pathway parameterized using data from CH toxicity data sets. The completed BN-RRM estimated risk at a population scale to Chinook salmon employing classical matrix modeling runs up to 50-y timeframes. There were 3 primary conclusions drawn from the model-building process and the risk calculations. First, the incorporation of an AChE inhibition pathway and the output from a population model can be combined with environmental factors in a quantitative fashion. Second, the probability of not meeting the management goal of no loss to the population ranges from 65% to 85%. Environmental conditions contributed to a larger proportion of the risk compared to CH. Third, the sensitivity analysis describing the influence of the variables on the predicted risk varied depending on seasonal conditions. In the summer, WT and DO were more influential than CH. In the winter, when the seasonal conditions are more benign, CH was the driver. Fourth, in order to reach the management goal, we calculated the conditions that would increase juvenile survival, adult survival, and a reduction in toxicological effects. The same process in this example should be applicable to the inclusion of multiple pesticides and to more descriptive population models such as those describing metapopulations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–15. © 2019 SETAC
Amphibian monitoring in hardwood forests: Optimizing methods for contaminant-based compensatory restorations
Authors: Kunz Bethany K. , Waddle J. Hardin , Green Nicholas S.
Published: August 2019

Amphibians such as frogs, toads, and salamanders provide important services in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and have been proposed as useful indicators of progress and success for ecological restoration projects. Limited guidance is available, however, on the costs and benefits of different amphibian monitoring techniques that might be applied to sites restored in compensation for contaminant injury. We used a variety of methods to document the amphibian communities present at 4 restored bottomland hardwood sites in Indiana, USA, and to compare the information return and cost of each method. For 1 method—automated recording units—we also modeled the effect of varying levels of sampling effort on the number of species detected, using sample-based rarefaction and Bayesian nonlinear (Michaelis–Menten) mixed effects models. We detected 13 amphibian species across the restored sites, including 2 species of conservation concern in Indiana—northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi). Sites across a range of restoration ages demonstrated encouraging returns of amphibian communities. Although more mature sites showed greater species richness, recently restored sites still provided important habitat for amphibians, including species of conservation concern. Among the 4 methods compared, amphibian rapid assessment yielded the highest number of species detected and the greatest catch per unit effort, with the lowest per-site cost. Our analysis of level-of-effort effects in the rarefied acoustic data found that number of nights sampled was a better predictor of observed species richness than the number of hours sampled within a night or minutes sampled within an hour. These data will assist restoration practitioners in selecting amphibian monitoring methods appropriate for their site characteristics and budget. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1939–1953. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points

Incorporating amphibians into restoration monitoring can improve accounting of ecosystem service returns on sites restored in compensation for contaminant injury.

Amphibian rapid assessments detected the greatest number of species at the lowest per-site cost.

Sample-based rarefaction of acoustic data from automated recording units indicated that increasing the number of nights sampled was the most efficient way to increase observed species richness.
Long noncoding RNA CCAL transferred from fibroblasts by exosomes promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Deng Xuan , Ruan Haoyu , Zhang Xinju , Xu Xiao , Zhu Yingfeng , Peng Haixia , Zhang Xiuming , Kong Fanyang , Guan Ming
Published: August 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Current efforts to eradicate CRC predominantly focused on targeting the proliferation of rapidly growing cancer epithelial cells. This is largely ineffective with resistance arising in most tumors after exposure to chemotherapy. Despite the long‐standing recognition of the crosstalk between carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, how CAFs may contribute to drug resistance in neighboring cancer cells is not well characterized. Here, we show that lncRNA CCAL (colorectal cancer‐associated lncRNA) promotes oxaliplatin (Oxa) resistance of CRC cells. RNA‐ISH shows higher CCAL expressed in the tumor stroma compared to cancer nests of CRC tissues. Functional studies reveal that CCAL is transferred from CAFs to the cancer cells via exosomes, where it suppresses CRC cell apoptosis, confers chemoresistance and activates β‐catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CCAL interacts directly with mRNA stabilizing protein HuR (human antigen R) to increase β‐catenin mRNA and protein levels. Our findings indicate that CCAL expressed by CAFs of the colorectal tumor stroma contributes to tumor chemoresistance and CCAL may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Oxa resistance.
Optimizing T‐cell receptor avidity with somatic hypermutation
Authors: Bassan David , Gozlan Yosi Meir , Sharbi‐Yunger Adi , Tzehoval Esther , Eisenbach Lea
Published: August 2019

Adoptive transfer of T cells that have been genetically modified to express an antitumor T‐cell receptor (TCR) is a potent immunotherapy, but only if TCR avidity is sufficiently high. Endogenous TCRs specific to shared (self) tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) have low affinity due to central tolerance. Therefore, for effective therapy, anti‐TAA TCRs with higher and optimal avidity must be generated. Here, we describe a new in vitro system for directed evolution of TCR avidity using somatic hypermutation (SHM), a mechanism used in nature by B cells for antibody optimization. We identified 44 point mutations to the Pmel‐1 TCR, specific for the H‐2Db‐gp10025‐33 melanoma antigen. Primary T cells transduced with TCRs containing two or three of these mutations had enhanced activity in vitro. Furthermore, the triple‐mutant TCR improved in vivo therapy of tumor‐bearing mice, which exhibited improved survival, smaller tumors and delayed or no relapse. TCR avidity maturation by SHM may be an effective strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy.