bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Frequency Modulation Damping Effect of Digital Detonator in Road Clearance Blasting
Authors: Gao Jing , Cheng Ping , Ren Jian-Jun , Wang Fengnian
Published: June 2023

To measure and evaluate the impact of vibration on the surrounding buildings and structures during highway rock burst removal and to formulate scientific and reasonable protective technical measures, the authors used the blasting perilous rock removal project of the K2227+920–K2228+000 section of the Shaanxi G316 road as a case study. The application of frequency modulation blasting vibration damping technology adopting digital electronic detonators was investigated. The difference in vibration peak and frequency between the perforation-by-hole initiation of the detonator and the frequency modulation initiation of the digital electronic detonator is compared. The results showed that by adopting an accurate delay of digital electronic detonators and the damping scheme of adjusting the blasting vibration frequency using the electronic detonators a reduction in blasting vibration velocity can be achieved. For an unchanged blasting scale, hole mesh parameters, and explosive unit consumption, the total blasting time was adjusted in the test. Compared to the hole-by-hole initiation, the blasting vibration velocity at a pier of the G85 Baohan highway bridge located 52 m away was reduced from 0.367 cm/s to 0.229 cm/s, a decrease of 36.7%. The field test demonstrated that frequency modulation and vibration attenuation using digital detonators can reduce blasting vibrations and effectively reduce the influence of blasting construction on surrounding buildings and structures.
Assessing the Level of Understanding (Knowledge) and Awareness of Diagnostic Imaging Students in Ghana on Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications in Medical Imaging
Authors: Ampofo James William , Emery Christian Ven , Ofori Ishmael Nii
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Recent advancements in technology have propelled the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in various sectors, including healthcare. Medical imaging has benefited from AI by reducing radiation risks through algorithms used in examinations, referral protocols, and scan justification. This research work assessed the level of knowledge and awareness of 225 second- to fourth-year medical imaging students from public universities in Ghana about AI and its prospects in medical imaging. Methods. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study design that used a closed-ended questionnaire with dichotomous questions, designed on Google Forms, and distributed to students through their various class WhatsApp platforms. Responses were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016 version. Results. The response rate was 80.44% (181/225), out of which 97 (53.6%) were male, 82 (45.3%) were female, and 2 (1.1%) preferred not to disclose their gender. Among these, 133 (73.5%) knew that AI had been incorporated into current imaging modalities, and 143 (79.0%) were aware of AI’s emergence in medical imaging. However, only 97 (53.6%) were aware of the gradual emergence of AI in the radiography industry in Ghana. Furthermore, 160 people (88.4%) expressed an interest in learning more about AI and its applications in medical imaging. Less than one-third (32%) knew about the general basic application of AI in patient positioning and protocol selection. And nearly two-thirds (65%) either felt threatened or unsure about their job security due to the incorporation of AI technology in medical imaging equipment. Less than half (38% and 43%) of the participants acknowledged that current clinical internships helped them appreciate the role of AI in medical imaging or increase their level of knowledge in AI, respectively. Discussion. Generally, the findings indicate that medical imaging students have fair knowledge about AI and its prospects in medical imaging but lack in-depth knowledge. However, they lacked the requisite awareness of AI’s emergence in radiography practice in Ghana. They also showed a lack of knowledge of some general basic applications of AI in modern imaging equipment. Additionally, they showed some level of misconception about the role AI plays in the job of the radiographer. Conclusion. Decision-makers should implement educational policies that integrate AI education into the current medical imaging curriculum to prepare students for the future. Students should also be practically exposed to the various incorporations of AI technology in current medical imaging equipment.
The Effect of Distraction Osteogenesis on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Rats: A Preliminary Study In Vivo
Authors: Liu Kai , Chen Yuanxin , Cai Feiyu , Wang Xin , Fan Chenchen , Ren Peng , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang , Liu Yanshi
Published: June 2023

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a widely employed method for the treatment of limb discrepancies and deformity correction. This study aimed at observing the histomorphological and ultrastructural changes of peripheral nerves around the distraction area during DO and investigating the self-repair mechanism of peripheral nerves in a rat DO model. Sixty rats underwent right femoral DO surgery and were randomly separated into six groups: Control (latency, no distraction, n = 10), Group 0-week (after distraction, n = 10), Group 2-week (n = 10), Group 4-week (n = 10), Group 6-week (n = 10), and Group 8-week (n = 10) at consolidation phase. The right femur of rats in Group 0-week, Group 2-week, Group 4-week, Group 6-week, and Group 8-week was subjected to continuous osteogenesis distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm/day for 10 days. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the sciatic nerve, sciatic function index (SFI), histological analyses, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to evaluate nerve function. The MNCV and SFI of Group 0-week, Group 2-week, Group 4-week, and Group 6-week were significantly lower than the Control (

P
<
0.05

). No statistical differences were found between the Control and Group 8-week in terms of MNCV and SFI (

P
>
0.05

). Injuries to nerve fibres and nodes of Ranvier were observed in the Group 0-week, whereas the nerve fibres returned to the normal arrangement in the Group 8-week and oedema of myelin disappeared, with the continuity of axons and lamellar structure of myelin being restored. Femoral DO in rats with a rate of 0.5 mm/day may cause sciatic neurapraxia, which can be self-repaired after 8 weeks of consolidation. The paraneurium around the sciatic nerve enables it to glide during the distraction phase to reduce the occurrence of injurious changes.
A New Perspective for Solving the System of Differential Equations Describing Arm Race Model in Neutrosophic Environment
Authors: Suganya Baby N. , Dhavamani M. , Kumaravel A.
Published: June 2023

The term “arms race” literally refers to competitions between nations for military superiority during times of peace. For a number of reasons, arms races have attracted a lot of attention. They are widely meant to have important repercussions for national security. The best course of action for a nation facing an aggressive foe is to engage in an armaments race. If one nation raises its arsenal, another will follow suit, in order the first nation responds by increasing its arsenal. Differential equations can be used to model this type of arms race. Both Engineering and Science rely only on differential equations. Modeling the problems in this field include some parameters that are uncertain or imprecise. To resolve this, neutrosophic differential equations are evolved. In this article, the arms race is modeled using a differential equation with a triangular neutrosophic number as the initial value. The system of neutrosophic differential equation is then solved using the MATLAB tool and the results are visualised graphically. The solution is compared by finding the value, ambiguity, and rank of neutrosophic numbers.
Systematic Exploration of the Potential Material Basis and Molecular Mechanism of the Mongolian Medicine Shudage‐4 in Attenuating Stress‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat
Authors: Jia Xin , Zhu Xiaoling , Chen Siyuan , Wang Yuexuan , Liu Jing , Liu Tianlong , Dong Yu
Published: June 2023

Shudage‐4, an ancient and well‐known formula in traditional Mongolian medicine comprising four different types of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. However, the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Shudage‐4 in attenuating stress‐induced gastric ulcers remain unclear. This study aimed to first explore the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Shudage‐4 in attenuating gastric ulcers in rats. The chemical constituents and transitional components in the blood of Shudage‐4 were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF‐MS). The rat gastric ulcer model was induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS). The ulcer damage to gastric tissue was measured at the gross anatomical level and pathological level by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining of gastric tissue. RNA sequencing of gastric tissue and plasma metabolomics were performed to analyze the mechanism of Shudage‐4 against gastric ulcers. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between serum metabolites and gene expression of gastric tissue. A total of 30 chemical constituents were identified in Shudage‐4 by UPLC‐TOF‐MS. Among 30 constituents, 13 transitional components in the blood were considered as the potential material basis. Shudage‐4 treatment had a significant effect on WIRS‐induced gastric ulcers in rats. HE staining of gastric tissue illustrated that WIRS‐induced ulcer damage was suppressed by Shudage‐4 treatment. RNA sequencing of gastric tissue showed that 282 reversed expression genes in gastric tissue were related to Shudage‐4 treatment, and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Shudage‐4 treatment significantly inhibited gene set expression related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was also validated by detecting rat gastric tissue MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities. The plasma metabolomic data demonstrated that 23 significantly differential metabolites were closely associated with the Shudage‐4 treatment. The further multiomics joint analysis found that significantly upregulated 5 plasma metabolites in Shudage‐4‐treated rats compared to model rats were negatively correlated with gene set expression related to ROS in gastric tissue. Shudage‐4 alleviated WIRS‐induced gastric ulcers by inhibiting ROS generation, which was achieved by regulating plasma metabolites level.
Table S2 and S3 from Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chowdhury Snehanshu , Kar Anwesha , Bhowmik Debaleena , Gautam Anupam , Basak Debashree , Sarkar Ishita , Ghosh Puspendu , Sarkar Deborpita , Deka Alvina , Chakraborty Paramita , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Mehrotra Shikhar , Basak Soumen , Paul Sandip , Chatterjee Shilpak
Published: June 2023

Supplementary tables for p values
Data from Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chowdhury Snehanshu , Kar Anwesha , Bhowmik Debaleena , Gautam Anupam , Basak Debashree , Sarkar Ishita , Ghosh Puspendu , Sarkar Deborpita , Deka Alvina , Chakraborty Paramita , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Mehrotra Shikhar , Basak Soumen , Paul Sandip , Chatterjee Shilpak
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells rely primarily on glucose metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and functional needs. However, nutritional limitations in the tumor microenvironment can cause T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, T cells must acquire metabolic traits enabling sustained effector function at the tumor site to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Here, we report that IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells have elevated intracellular acetyl CoA levels and can maintain IFNγ levels in nutrient-deprived, tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Pharmacological and metabolic analyses demonstrated an active glucose–citrate–acetyl CoA circuit in IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells supporting an intracellular pool of acetyl CoA in an ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)–dependent manner. Intracellular acetyl CoA levels enhanced histone acetylation, lipid synthesis, and IFNγ production, improving the metabolic and functional fitness of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of ACLY severely impaired IFNγ production and viability of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-restricted conditions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells cultured in high pyruvate–containing media in vitro acquired critical metabolic features of IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells and displayed improved antitumor potential upon adoptive transfer in murine lymphoma and melanoma models. Overall, this study delineates the metabolic configuration of CD8+ T cells required for stable effector function in tumors and presents an affordable approach to promote the efficacy of CD8+ T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy.
Significance:
IL12-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases intracellular acetyl CoA to promote the effector function of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironments, revealing strategies to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of T cells.
Supplementary Table 1 from Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Tian Ruiyi , Zong Xiaoyu , Jeon Myung Sik , Luo Jingqin , Colditz Graham A. , Wang Jean S. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Ju Yo-El S. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Puri Varun , Cao Yin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 1 shows the associations between SNPs and EAC risk
Table S3 from Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: June 2023

Table S3. Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Association Between Neighborhood Contextual Factors at Diagnosis and Somatic Alterations in Tumor Tissue Among US Male Health Professionals with Prostate Cancer Using Inverse Probability of Censoring Weights
Table S2 from Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: June 2023

Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Associations Between Neighborhood Contextual Factors at Baseline (1988) and Somatic Alterations in Prostate Tumor Tissue in US Male Health Professionals with Prostate Cancer
Supplementary Table 4 from Folate Intake and Ovarian Cancer Risk among Women with Endometriosis: A Case–Control Study from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Ibiebele Torukiri I , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Terry Kathryn L. , Wu Anna H. , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Ong Jue-Sheng , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Modugno Francesmary , Risch Harvey A , Webb Penelope M.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 4 shows the association between glycemic index, glycemic load, grain intake and risk of ovarian cancer for women with and without endometriosis.
Data from A review of the application of spatial survival methods in cancer research: trends, modelling and visualization techniques
Authors: Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Cameron Jessica K. , Dasgupta Paramita , Baade Peter D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spatial modelling of cancer survival is an important tool for identifying geographic disparities and providing an evidence base for resource allocation. Many different approaches have attempted to understand how survival varies geographically. This is the first scoping review to describe different methods and visualization techniques and to assess temporal trends in publications. The review was carried out using the PRISMA guideline using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two authors independently screened articles. Articles were eligible for review if they measured cancer survival outcomes in small geographical areas by using spatial regression and/or mapping. Thirty-two articles were included, and the number increased over time. Most articles have been conducted in high-income countries using cancer registry databases. Eight different methods of modelling spatial survival were identified, and there were seven different ways of visualizing the results. Increasing the use of spatial modelling through enhanced data availability and knowledge sharing could help inform and motivate efforts to improve cancer outcomes and reduce excess deaths due to geographical inequalities. Efforts to improve the coverage and completeness of population-based cancer registries should continue to be a priority, in addition to encouraging the open sharing of relevant statistical programming syntax and international collaborations.
Data from A Review of the Application of Spatial Survival Methods in Cancer Research: Trends, Modeling, and Visualization Techniques
Authors: Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Cameron Jessica K. , Dasgupta Paramita , Baade Peter D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spatial modeling of cancer survival is an important tool for identifying geographic disparities and providing an evidence base for resource allocation. Many different approaches have attempted to understand how survival varies geographically. This is the first scoping review to describe different methods and visualization techniques and to assess temporal trends in publications. The review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two authors independently screened articles. Articles were eligible for review if they measured cancer survival outcomes in small geographical areas by using spatial regression and/or mapping. Thirty-two articles were included, and the number increased over time. Most articles have been conducted in high-income countries using cancer registry databases. Eight different methods of modeling spatial survival were identified, and there were seven different ways of visualizing the results. Increasing the use of spatial modeling through enhanced data availability and knowledge sharing could help inform and motivate efforts to improve cancer outcomes and reduce excess deaths due to geographical inequalities. Efforts to improve the coverage and completeness of population-based cancer registries should continue to be a priority, in addition to encouraging the open sharing of relevant statistical programming syntax and international collaborations.
Data from Development and Demonstration of Tobacco Treatment Measures for Cancer Registries: Novel Metrics for Quality Improvement
Authors: Hutcheson Tresza D. , Metcalf Tim , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Cox Lisa Sanderson , Hu Jinxiang , Chen Xi , Richter Kimber P.
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:
Individuals undergoing cancer treatment have better outcomes when they discontinue tobacco use. Few cancer centers systematically provide evidence-based cessation services. As part of a national quality improvement initiative [Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3i)], we collaborated with our cancer registry to develop and implement two tobacco treatment metrics for tracking the provision of behavioral support and pharmacotherapy.
Methods:
Post-development, the tobacco treatment metrics were integrated into the registry for all future patients. We used means and frequencies to summarize tobacco treatment for cases treated between 2017 and 2019, coinciding with the timeframe of C3i participation.
Results:
Of 17,735 cancer cases reviewed, both measures were captured on 17,654 (99.5%) of patients, with 3,091 (17.4%) identified as users of tobacco. Across the 3 years, 557 (18%) of individuals who used tobacco received either tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy or behavioral support; with 478 (15.5%) receiving behavioral counseling, 352 (11.4%) receiving pharmacotherapy, and 273 (8.8%) receiving both—considered gold standard care. Tobacco treatment varied substantially across cancer types. The odds of receiving gold standard care were 2.37 times greater in 2019 compared with 2017. (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.46; P < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
The new metrics demonstrated high completion rates and their potential to track quality improvement efforts over time. They identified suboptimal treatment reach, but a potential increase in treatment over time and greater treatment among tobacco-related versus nontobacco-related cancers.
Impact:
Continued tobacco use worsens cancer care outcomes. Integrating measures into cancer registries is a viable option for tracking tobacco treatment and cessation in the context of cancer care.
Data from Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Tian Ruiyi , Zong Xiaoyu , Jeon Myung Sik , Luo Jingqin , Colditz Graham A. , Wang Jean S. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Ju Yo-El S. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Puri Varun , Cao Yin
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:
Risk factors contributing to more than 10-fold increase in esophageal cancer in the last 50 years remain underexplored. We aim to examine the associations of sleep behaviors with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods:
We prospectively assessed the associations between sleep behaviors (chronotype, duration, daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, snoring, and insomnia) and EAC and ESCC risk in 393,114 participants in the UK Biobank (2006–2016). Participants with 0, 1, and ≥2 unhealthy behaviors, including sleep <6 or >9 h/d, daytime napping, and usual daytime sleepiness were classified as having a good, intermediate, and poor sleep. For EAC, we also examined interactions with polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
We documented 294 incident EAC and 95 ESCC. Sleep >9 h/d (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18–3.57) and sometimes daytime napping (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06–1.75) were individually associated with increased EAC risk. Compared with individuals with good sleep, those with intermediate sleep had a 47% (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13–1.91) increased EAC risk, and those with poor sleep showed an 87% (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.24–2.82) higher risk (Ptrend < 0.001). The elevated risks for EAC were similar within strata of PRS (Pinteraction = 0.884). Evening chronotype was associated with elevated risk of ESCC diagnosed after 2 years of enrollment (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.32–5.88).
Conclusions:
Unhealthy sleep behaviors were associated with an increased risk of EAC, independent of genetic risk.
Impact:
Sleep behaviors may serve as modifiable factors for the prevention of EAC.
Data from Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection intervention on cervical cancer screening uptake among underscreened US persons with a cervix
Authors: Spees Lisa P. , Biddell Caitlin B. , Smith Jennifer S. , Des Marais Andrea C. , Hudgens Michael G. , Sanusi Busola , Jackson Sarah , Brewer Noel T. , Wheeler Stephanie B.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV self-collection (followed by scheduling assistance for those who were HPV+ or inconclusive) compared to scheduling assistance only and usual care among underscreened persons with a cervix (PWAC).

Methods: A decision tree analysis was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), or the cost per additional PWAC screened, from the Medicaid/state and clinic perspectives. A hypothetical cohort represented 90,807 low-income, underscreened individuals. Costs and health outcomes were derived from the MyBodyMyTest-3 randomized trial except the usual care health outcomes were derived from literature. We performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) to evaluate model uncertainty.

Results: Screening uptake was highest in the self-collection alternative (n=65,721), followed by the scheduling assistance alternative (n=34,003) and usual care (n=18,161). The self-collection alternative cost less and was more effective than the scheduling assistance alternative from the Medicaid/state perspective. Comparing the self-collection alternative to usual care, the ICERs were $284 per additional PWAC screened from the Medicaid/state perspective and $298 per additional PWAC screened from the clinic perspective. PSAs demonstrated that the self-collection alternative was cost-effective compared to usual care at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $300 per additional PWAC screened in 66% of simulations from the Medicaid/state perspective and 58% of simulations from the clinic perspective.

Conclusion: Compared to usual care and scheduling assistance, mailing HPV self-collection kits to underscreened individuals appears to be cost-effective in increasing screening uptake.

Impact: This is the first analysis to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of mailed self-collection in the US.
Data from Cost-effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Self-collection Intervention on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Underscreened U.S. Persons with a Cervix
Authors: Spees Lisa P. , Biddell Caitlin B. , Smith Jennifer S. , Des Marais Andrea C. , Hudgens Michael G. , Sanusi Busola , Jackson Sarah , Brewer Noel T. , Wheeler Stephanie B.
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:
We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection (followed by scheduling assistance for those who were HPV+ or inconclusive) compared with scheduling assistance only and usual care among underscreened persons with a cervix (PWAC).
Methods:
A decision tree analysis was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), or the cost per additional PWAC screened, from the Medicaid/state and clinic perspectives. A hypothetical cohort represented 90,807 low-income, underscreened individuals. Costs and health outcomes were derived from the MyBodyMyTest-3 randomized trial except the usual care health outcomes were derived from literature. We performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) to evaluate model uncertainty.
Results:
Screening uptake was highest in the self-collection alternative (n = 65,721), followed by the scheduling assistance alternative (n = 34,003) and usual care (n = 18,161). The self-collection alternative costs less and was more effective than the scheduling assistance alternative from the Medicaid/state perspective. Comparing the self-collection alternative with usual care, the ICERs were $284 per additional PWAC screened from the Medicaid/state perspective and $298 per additional PWAC screened from the clinic perspective. PSAs demonstrated that the self-collection alternative was cost-effective compared with usual care at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $300 per additional PWAC screened in 66% of simulations from the Medicaid/state perspective and 58% of simulations from the clinic perspective.
Conclusions:
Compared with usual care and scheduling assistance, mailing HPV self-collection kits to underscreened individuals appears to be cost-effective in increasing screening uptake.
Impact:
This is the first analysis to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of mailed self-collection in the United States.
Data from Field synopsis of environmental and genetic risk factors of sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma
Authors: Zhang Rongqi , Boakye Daniel , Yang Nan , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Yajing , Jiang Fangyuan , Yu Lili , Wang Lijuan , Sun Jing , Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Hamilton Ashleigh C. , Coleman Helen G. , Larsson Susanna C. , Little Julian , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:To systematically appraise and synthesize available epidemiological evidence on the associations of environmental and genetic factors with the risk of sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) and early-onset advanced colorectal adenoma (EOCRA).

Methods:Multiple databases were comprehensively searched to identify eligible observational studies. Genotype data from UK Biobank were incorporated to examine their associations with EOCRC in a nested case-control design. Meta-analyses of environmental risk factors were performed and the strength of evidence was graded based on predefined criteria. Meta-analyses of genetic associations were conducted using the allelic, recessive, and dominant model, respectively.

Results:A total of 61 studies were included, reporting 120 environmental factors and 62 genetic variants. We found 12 risk factors (current overweight, overweight in adolescence, high waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, sugary beverages intake, sedentary behavior, red meat intake, family history of CRC, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome) and three protective factors (vitamin D, folate, and calcium intake) for EOCRC or EOCRA. No significant associations between the examined genetic variants and EOCRC risk were observed.

Conclusions: Recent data indicate that the changing patterns of traditional CRC risk factors may explain the rising incidence of EOCRC. However, research on novel risk factors for EOCRC is limited; therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility of EOCRC having different risk factors than LOCRC.

Impact: The potential for the identified risk factors to enhance the identification of at-risk groups for personalized EOCRC screening and prevention and for the prediction of EOCRC risk should be comprehensively addressed by future studies.
RETaliation—Tackling Rare Resistance Alterations to Osimertinib
Authors: Krebs Matthew G. , Popat Sanjay
Published: June 2023

RET fusions occur as a rare mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib in patients with EGFR mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer. Inhibiting RET alongside osimertinib shows promising clinical activity, but innovative approaches are needed to seek regulatory approvals in these rare treatment resistance settings.

See related article by Rotow et al., p. 2979
Fig. S4 from Absence of Either Ripk3 or Mlkl Reduces Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independent of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Mohammed Sabira , Thadathil Nidheesh , Ohene-Marfo Phoebe , Tran Albert L. , Van Der Veldt Michael , Georgescu Constantin , Oh Sangphil , Nicklas Evan H. , Wang Dawei , Haritha Nair Hariprasad , Luo Wenyi , Janknecht Ralf , Miller Benjamin F. , Wren Jonathan D. , Freeman Willard M. , Deepa Sathyaseelan S.
Published: June 2023

Fig S4 shows transcript levels of Col1a1, western blots for Desmin, a-SMA and b-tubulin, Transcript levels of TGFb
Fig. S2 from Absence of Either Ripk3 or Mlkl Reduces Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independent of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Mohammed Sabira , Thadathil Nidheesh , Ohene-Marfo Phoebe , Tran Albert L. , Van Der Veldt Michael , Georgescu Constantin , Oh Sangphil , Nicklas Evan H. , Wang Dawei , Haritha Nair Hariprasad , Luo Wenyi , Janknecht Ralf , Miller Benjamin F. , Wren Jonathan D. , Freeman Willard M. , Deepa Sathyaseelan S.
Published: June 2023

Figure S2 shows body weight changes, liver weight changes, Transcript levels of Il1b and H&E staining for showing KC population
Supplementary Table 5 from Associations between Physical Activity and Incidence of Cancer among Overweight Adults in Korea: Results from the Health Examinees-G Study
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Park JooYong , Kim Ji-Eun , Lee Miyoung , Kang Daehee , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 5 shows the association of physical activity with overall cancer incidence stratified by obesity status
Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with Glymphatic System Dysfunction
Authors: Xu Shuqin , Wang Jiuqi , Sun Kedi , Meng Lin , Qin Chi , Feng Renyi , Tian Yiming , Zhai Yanping , Liang Dongxiao , Zhang Rui , Tian Haiyan , Liu Han , Chen Yongkang , Fu Yu , Chen Pei , Zhu Qingyong , Teng Junfang , Wang Xuejing
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study was designed to explore the associations between impaired cognition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and the dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Method: Data were obtained from 77 CKD patients and 50 age-matched healthy control individuals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. CKD patients were stratified into with and without impaired cognitive function. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging results were used to assess area ratios for the perivascular space and ventricles in participants, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination were employed to measure cognitive function. Correlations between the perivascular space or ventricle area ratios and cognitive impairment were assessed in CKD patients. Results: Significant increases in the burden of enlarged perivascular spaces in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia were observed in CKD patients with cognitive impairment relative to those without such impairment, with a concomitant increase in analyzed ventricle area ratios. Enlarged perivascular spaces in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and increased area ratios of lateral ventricles and 4th ventricle exhibited relatively high sensitivity and specificity as means of differing between the CKD patients with and without cognitive impairment. Conclusion: These results indicate that the burden of enlarged perivascular spaces in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia and increases in ventricle area ratio values may offer utility as biomarkers that can aid in detection of even mild cognitive decline in individuals with CKD. The dysfunction of the glymphatic system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of CKD-related cognitive impairment.
The Association between Serum Chemerin and Peritoneal Membrane Transport Function in Patients Undergoing Incident Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zang Zhiyun , Wu XiaoFang , Ma Dengyan , Xia Xiaoxiao , He Xueqin , Chen Xiaolei , Li Zi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Some biomarkers in drained dialyzate or peritoneal membrane have been found related to the dialyzate/plasma ratio of creatinine at 4 h (D/P Cr) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). But so far, there is no report on serum markers. Some biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Chemerin is a multifunctional chemoattractant adipokine which plays important roles in inflammation, adipogenesis, and metabolism. We intended to investigate the role of chemerin in the peritoneal membrane transport function and CVDs in incident PD patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in our PD center. The patients underwent initial standardized peritoneal equilibration test after PD for 4–6 weeks. Level of serum chemerin was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients’ CVDs were recorded during the follow-up period. Results: 151 eligible patients with a mean age of 46.59 ± 13.52 years were enrolled, and the median duration of PD was 25.0 months. The median concentration of serum chemerin was 29.09 ng/mL. Baseline D/P Cr was positively correlated with serum chemerin (r = 0.244, p = 0.003). The multivariate analyses revealed that serum chemerin (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.041), albumin (p = 0.000), and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) were independent factors of D/P Cr. The serum chemerin level was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients than that of patients without DM (36.45 ng/mL vs. 27.37 ng/mL, p = 0.000), and there was a significant statistical difference in CVDs between the high chemerin group (≥29.09 ng/mL) and low chemerin group (<29.09 ng/mL) (42 vs. 21%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Serum chemerin has a positive correlation with baseline D/P Cr in incident PD patients. It may be a biomarker that can predict the baseline transport function of the peritoneal membrane, and serum chemerin may be a risk factor of CVDs for incident PD patients. Multicenter studies with a larger sample size are warranted in the future.
Value of Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics in Patients with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer under Active Surveillance
Authors: Fernández-Anguita Pedro Jesús , Ventosa-Puig Marta , Díaz de Mera-Sánchez Migallón Inmaculada , Legido-Gómez Oscar , Carrión-López Pedro , Martínez-Ruiz Jesus , Salinas-Sánchez Antonio Santiago , Giménez-Bachs José Miguel
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study analyzes the value of PSA kinetics, PSA speed (vPSA), and PSA doubling time (PSAdt), in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who are in an active surveillance (AS) program. Methods: An observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study of a sample of 86 patients included in AS program between January 2014 and October 2021 was conducted. A review of their medical records was performed, and PSA kinetics were calculated, analyzing the causes of discontinuation of the AS program and its relationship with PSA kinetics. Results: The mean age was 63.39 years, and the median follow-up was 62.55 months. The mean PSA at diagnosis was 8.27 ng/mL. A median of PSAdt of 62.55 months and 1.3 ng/mL/year for vPSA was obtained. 35 patients left the program, with a higher percentage of patients leaving with a PSAdt less than 36 months (73.7 vs. 31.1%) and a vPSA greater than 2 ng/mL/year (68.2 vs. 31.3%). The probability of permanence and the time of permanence in AS were statistically significantly higher for those patients with favorable kinetic parameters. Conclusion: PSA kinetics is a parameter to take into account when making decisions to keep patients in an AS program.
Validation of the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation in Chinese Adult Population: An Equation Standing on the Shoulders of Predecessors
Authors: Ma Yao , Wei Lu , Yong Zhenzhu , Yu Yue , Chen Yi , Zhu Bei , Zhao Weihong
Published: June 2023

Background: Equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) have been extensively applied to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but their performance is debatable. In 2021, the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) published one novel SCr-based formula, which combined the feature of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and full age spectrum (FAS) equations, but its potential applications remain unknown. We seek to assess the appropriateness of the three equations in Chinese adults. Methods: A total of 3,692 participants (median age, 54 years) were included. Reference GFR (rGFR) was measured by the 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging method. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated by the CKD-EPI, FAS, and EKFC equations. Correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were adopted to evaluate their validity. The performance was assessed in subgroups according to age, sex, rGFR, and SCr, considering the bias, accuracy, and precision. Results: The average rGFR was 74.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR by EKFC showed a relatively stronger correlation with rGFR (R = 0.749) and a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.902). EKFC was significantly less biased and exhibited the highest P30 in the entire population (bias = 3.61, P30 = 73.3%). It also performed well in all analyzed subgroups, especially in participants with normal or slightly impaired renal function (rGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and low SCr. Conclusions: Compared to the other two SCr-based formulas, EKFC performed better in the Chinese. Thus, it might serve as a good alternative, until a more suitable formula is developed for the Chinese population.
Combined Trabeculotomy-Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy for Glaucoma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Huang Lulu , Xu Li , Liu Yixin , Yang Yijie , Wang Ning , Gu Mengyang , Sun Chengyang , Wu Yue , Guo Wenyi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined trabeculotomy-non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (CTNS) in the treatment of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) secondary glaucoma. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed cases that underwent CTNS as initial surgery for SWS secondary glaucoma at our Ophthalmology Department center from April 2019 to August 2020. Surgical success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mm Hg with (qualified success) or without (complete success) the use of anti-glaucoma medications. IOP >21 mm Hg or <5 mm Hg despite 3 or more applications of anti-glaucoma medications on 2 consecutive follow-up visits or at the last follow-up, performance of additional glaucoma (IOP-lowering) surgery, or with vision-threatening complications were classified as failure. Results: A total of 22 eyes of 21 patients were included. Twenty-one eyes were of early-onset type and 1 eye was of adulthood onset. For Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the overall success rates at 1st and 2nd years were 95.2% and 84.9%, while the complete success rates at 1st and 2nd years were 42.9% and 36.7%. At the last follow-up (22.3 ± 4.0 months, range: 11.2∼31.2), overall success was achieved in 19 (85.7%) eyes and complete success in 12 (52.4%) eyes. Postoperative complications included transient hyphema (11/22, 50.0%) and transient Ⅰ degree shallow anterior chamber (1/22, 4.5%), and retinal detachment (1/22, 4.5%). No other severe com plications were detected during the follow-up. Conclusion: CTNS significantly reduces IOP in SWS secondary glaucoma patients who have serious episcleral vascular malformation. CTNS in SWS secondary glaucoma patients is safe and effective for short and medium periods. A randomized controlled study comparing the long-term prognosis of SWS early-onset and late-onset glaucoma underwent CTNS is worth conducting.
Diagnostic Utility of Claudin4 and Comparison with BerEp4 as a Marker for Metastatic Adenocarcinoma in Serous Effusions
Authors: Mangla Gunjan , Bakshi Pooja , Agarwal Poojan , Verma Kusum
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Fluid cytology for malignant cells is important for diagnosis and staging of malignancies. Morphological overlap between reactive mesothelial cells and adenocarcinoma poses challenges, for which many immunohistochemical markers like BerEp4 and MOC-31 have been used extensively. Claudin4 is a new marker with promising results; however, further studies are required to establish its role as a pan-carcinoma marker in serous effusions. This study aimed to determine the utility of Claudin4 in diagnosing metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusions and comparing its performance with BerEp4. Methods: Claudin4 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on effusion cell blocks (n = 60) reported as positive or suspicious for metastatic adenocarcinoma on cytology over a 1-year period and was scored for intensity (0–3) and percentage of positive cells (0–4). The results were compared with BerEp4 IHC and correlated with follow-up. Ten benign effusions were included as negative controls. Results: Claudin4 IHC was positive in all 60 (100%) cases, irrespective of the primary site. BerEp4 IHC was positive in 58 (96.7%) fluids and negative in 2 (3.3%) cases. All 10 benign effusions were negative for Claudin4 and BerEp4. Claudin4 showed higher intensity and proportion scores as compared to BerEp4 in cases where tumor cells were predominantly singly scattered and was comparable to BerEp4 where tumor cells were arranged in groups. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Claudin4 in our study was 100%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BerEP4 was 96.7%, 100%, 100%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Claudin4 IHC staining results were comparable to BerEp4, irrespective of the primary site, and it performed better in cases where tumor cells were predominantly scattered singly.
Correlative Evaluation of Seven Cytological 3-Tier Grading Systems of Breast Carcinoma with the Standard Histological Grading: A 4 and ½ Year Study
Authors: Pai Shweta , Murthy V. Srinivasa
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The early diagnosis of breast carcinoma is of paramount importance in its management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has the potential to play a pivotal role in providing the relevant information on the aggressiveness of this tumor. But there is no gold standard when it comes to cytological grading of breast carcinoma as there is no consensus between the pathologists and also the clinicians as to which grading is as par with the gold standard Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) histological grading. This study was undertaken to study seven cytological 3-tier grading systems, namely, Robinson’s, Fisher’s, Mouriquand’s, Dabbs’, Khan’s, Taniguchi’s, and Howells’s and to correlate them with the Elston-Ellis modification of SBR histological grading system so as to determine the finest cytological grading system which could be reliably used in our routine practice. Material and Methods: A total of 117 breast carcinoma cases diagnosed on FNAC were graded using seven 3-tier cytological grading systems and were correlated with Elston-Ellis modification of SBR histological grading system. Concordance, kappa measurement, and various correlation studies were done using SPSS software version 2021. Results: Robinson’s method showed a better concordance (84.61%), a better correlation (Spearman = 0.750, τ = 0.731, p < 0.001), and a substantial kappa value of agreement (κ = 0.701) with SBR grading system compared to other system closely followed by Fisher’s system. Conclusions: Even though all the seven 3-tier cytological grading systems positively correlated with the SBR histologic grading of breast carcinoma, Robinson’s method showed better concordance and correlation with a substantial kappa value of agreement in comparison to other 3-tier cytology grading systems. Hence, Robinson’s grading which is simpler and also feasible should be incorporated in the routine cytology reporting of breast carcinoma.
Sequence Similarity among Structural Repeats in the Piezo Family of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels
Authors: Hendargo Kevin J. , Patel Ashay O. , Chukwudozie Onyeka S. , Moreno-Hagelsieb Gabriel , Christen J. Andres , Medrano-Soto Arturo , Saier Jr. Milton H.
Published: June 2023

Members of the Piezo family of mechanically activated cation channels are involved in multiple physiological processes in higher eukaryotes, including vascular development, cell differentiation, touch perception, hearing, and more, but they are also common in single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms. Mutations in these proteins in humans are associated with a variety of diseases, such as colorectal adenomatous polyposis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, and hereditary xerocytosis. Available 3D structures for Piezo proteins show nine regions of four transmembrane segments each that have the same fold. Despite the remarkable similarity among the nine characteristic structural repeats in the family, no significant sequence similarity among them has been reported. Using bioinformatics approaches and the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as reference, we reliably identified sequence similarity among repeats based on four lines of evidence: (1) hidden Markov model-profile similarities across repeats at the family level, (2) pairwise sequence similarities between different repeats across Piezo homologs, (3) Piezo-specific conserved sequence signatures that consistently identify the same regions across repeats, and (4) conserved residues that maintain the same orientation and location in 3D space.