bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Biological Performance of Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Porous Bone Scaffold
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan C. , Kim Hyoun‐Ee
Published: July 2010

Composite coatings, consisting of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics and phosphate‐based glass (P‐glass), were obtained on a strong ZrO2 porous scaffold to improve biocompatibility by combining mechanical properties and biological activity. Powder mixtures of hydroxyapatite (HA) and P‐glass in varying composition and content were dip‐coated on a ZrO2 porous scaffold and heat‐treated above 800°C for 2 h in air. During thermal treatment, substantial reaction and crystallization occurred, resulting in coating phases of HA, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), and surrounding glass. The CaP‐glass coating layer was highly dense and uniform and adhered firmly to the ZrO2 scaffold. The adhesion strength of the coating layer as tested on a nonporous disk increased with increasing glass addition and decreasing CaO content in glass. The highest strength was about 40 MPa, an improvement of twice as high as that of pure HA coating. The osteoblastic cells grew and spread actively through the coated scaffolds. The differentiation of cells on the CaP coatings was much higher than that on ZrO2 substrate and comparable to or slightly higher than that on pure HA coating.
Porous Electrodes for Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated by a Combustion Spray Process
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Meilin
Published: July 2010

A new combustion spray process has been developed for depositing films and coatings from particles (or particulate materials) suspended in a flammable liquid. The suspension is pumped to an atomizer to produce a mist of the droplets, which is then ignited to create a combustion flame. The solid particles are thermally activated for formation of films and coatings on a substrate inserted into or near the flame. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with porous electrodes fabricated by combustion spray show better performance than those prepared by other fabrication processes (such as conventional dry‐pressing and firing) especially at low operating temperatures.
Microstructures and Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of CaRAlO4 (R = Nd, Sm, Y) Ceramics with Tetragonal K2NiF4 Structure
Authors: Xiao Yang , Chen Xiang Ming , Liu Xiao Qiang
Published: July 2010

CaRAlO4 (R = Nd, Sm, Y) ceramics with a K2NiF4 structure were prepared by a solid‐state reaction approach, and their microwave dielectric characteristics were evaluated, along with their microstructures. Dense CaNdAlO4, CaSmAlO4, and CaYAlO4 ceramics were obtained by sintering at 1425°–1500°C in air for 3 h, and good microwave dielectric characteristics were achieved: (1) ɛ= 18.2, Qf= 17 980 GHz, τf=−52 ppm/°C for CaNdAlO4; (2) ɛ= 18.2, Qf= 51 060 GHz, τf=−3 ppm/°C for CaSmAlO4; and (3) ɛ= 18.9, Qf= 39 960 GHz, τf= 6 ppm/°C for CaYAlO4.
Platelet Aggregation Technique Used in the Preparation of Lymphocyte Suspensions
Authors: VIVES J. , PARRA M. , CASTILLO R.
Published: July 2010

A method is described for separating lymphocytes by using heparinized venous blood. The platelets are eliminated by means of aggregation with ADP, and the lymphocytes are separated from the red cells and granulocytes by a variant of Thorsby's modification of the Bøyum method. Our method is very rapid; pure lymphocyte suspensions are obtained in less than an hour. This technique ensures the elimination of platelets which could give rise to inhibition phenomena in the lymphotoxicity reaction. The platelets are eliminated without the need to defibrinate the blood.
HL‐A Antigens of Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kueppers F. , Mueller‐eckhardt CH. , Heinrich D. , Schwab B. , Brackertz D.
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HL‐A antigens was determined in 132 patients with sarcoidosis and in 600 healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the HL‐A antigens tested.
The Serologic Detection of HL‐A Antigens in Human Milk
Authors: Dawson JEFFREY R. , Shasby SANDRA S. , Amos D. BERNARD
Published: July 2010

The whey prepared from human milk has been shown to contain the HL‐A antigens of the milk donor. The inhibition of specific and nonspecific anti‐HL‐A alloantisera by the antigens in whey was assessed by a microcytotoxicity assay employing 51Cr release. After centrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 h, significant serologic activity could be demonstrated by the antigens contained in both the insoluble fraction and the soluble fraction. The serologic activity of the HL‐A antigens in whey was specific and dose‐dependent. The HL‐A antigens were not equally represented within the soluble fraction when compared to their distribution in the insoluble fraction, and this may indicate some antigen destruction upon solubilization.
Serological Cross‐reactivity in the HL‐A System
Authors: Mittal KAMAL K. , Terasaki PAUL I.
Published: July 2010

New cross‐reactions between allelic antigens of the HL‐A system have been identified by examining new and well characterized HL‐A alloantisera. Sixteen “monospecific” and 25 “duospecific” antisera were absorbed with various known platelets and examined for inhibition of cytotoxicity to lymphocytes from different individuals. Up‐to‐date diagrammatic representations of the most frequently observed cross‐reactivities are given.
HL‐A Phenotype and Haplotype Frequencies in a German Population
Authors: Gleichmann HELGA
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of HL‐A antigens and genes were determined in 386 unrelated individuals of a German population. The numbers of HL‐A phenotypes observed were compared with the numbers expected. The observed haplotype frequencies of 123 parents were compared with the frequencies estimated from the phenotypes of the 386 people. The results obtained from the present study are compared with those reported from Berlin, Essen, Austria, Denmark and Norway. The present data support the “two series” theory for the HL‐A system and demonstrate linkage disequilibrium between genes of the two series.
The HL–A Gene Structure of Twareg Populations. II. TheKelDiniq
Authors: COLOMBANI J. , CHAVENTRE A. , JACQUARD A. , DEGOS L. , LEFEVRE‐WITTIER P. , SOLAL C. , DASTOT H. , REBOUL M. , CSASZAR E.
Published: July 2010

The HL–A groups of 138 Kel Diniq Twaregs were determined by the platelet complement fixation microtechnique. Their HL–A characteristics, compared to those of Caucasoid populations, are: decrease in HL–A2, 9, W17 and W15; increase in W28, W32, HL–A7, W5, W10 and second locus blank; absence of Da25 (W30 + W31), HL–A13, W15, W18, W27. This genetic structure is in accordance with the isolated condition of this population.

The most frequent haplotypes are: W28,HL–A7, common to both the Kel Diniq and the Kel Kummer Twaregs previously studied; W32,W10 and HL–A3, HL–A5, Kel Diniq only.

These two populations are both isolates, with a common origin in the seventeenth century, but separated as from that date. Genealogical studies have enabled the haplotype W28,HL–A7 to be attributed to the two brothers who founded the populations in the seventeenth century.

A comparison of these two populations constitutes a model for the study of genetic drift and the founder effect.
Inhibition of the Mixed Leucocyte Culture Reaction by Plasma from Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: SlNGAL D. P. , YOUNGLAI E. V. , NAIPAUL N.
Published: July 2010

Plasma samples from 28 renal allograft recipients were studied for the presence of alloanti‐bodies blocking MLC response. MLC blocking antibodies were found in plasma samples obtained from 19 recipients, six with rejected allograft and 13 with long‐term surviving transplant. In many instances, these antibodies were found in the absence of detectable lym‐phocytotoxic antibodies. The MLC blocking activity resides in IgG fractions of plasma samples and was decreased only after absorption with lymphocytes, no effect on blocking was observed by absorption with platelets and fibroblasts.
HL–A Phenotyping in an Indonesian Population
Authors: ABDULSALAM M. , GONY J. , SCHMID M. , DASTOT H. , REBOUL M. , HORS J. , DEGOS L. , SOLAL CH. , MARKUM A. H. , COLOMBANI J.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of 30 HL–A antigens were studied in an Indonesian population of 95 individuals from the city of Jakarta. The antigens HL–A9, or more precisely W24, and HL–All (first series) and W15 (second series) occurred with high frequencies, whereas HL–A8, W14 and W22 were completely absent. These results are consistent with previous reports of HL–A typing in South East Asian populations.
Definition in Man of a Polymorphic System of the Normal Colonic Secretions
Authors: ZWEIBAUM A. , ORIOL R. , AUSSET J. D. , MARCELLI‐BARGE A. , ROPARTZ C. , LANSET S.
Published: July 2010

A study conducted in 30 normal human colons, obtained from cadaveric kidney donors, has evidenced the presence of two polymorphic antigenic specificities, W and Z, in the secretory cells of the colon mucosa. Three phenotypes have been demonstrated so far: W‐Z‐ (frequency: 0.17), W–Z+ (frequency: 0.23), and W+Z+ (frequency: 0.60). Specific anti‐WZ and anti‐W alloantibodies, independent of anti‐A and B agglutinins, were found in normal sera from blood donors. No apparent correlation was found between the WZ specificities and the ABH Lewis specificities, the other blood group systems specificities, and the leucocyte group (HL‐A) specificities.
Identification of Five Lymphocyte Activating Determinants in Man
Authors: THORSBY ERIK , HELGESEN ASTRI , RANKIN BARBARA , MÖLLER ERNA , KAAKINEN AULIKKI
Published: July 2010

Eleven putativeLD‐1locus homozygous cell donors were found by MLC tests in non‐con‐sanguineous families. Lymphocytes from each of them were used as stimulating typing cells in MLC! tests together with responding cells from the other homozygous cell donors and from 45 random unrelated individuals. Four of the stimulating typing cells were found to identify a determinant in non‐random association with IIL‐.A7;LD‐ 7a, three other cells typed for a determinant non‐randomly associated with HL‐A8;LD‐8a, and one cell seems to identifyLD‐W5in non‐random association with W5. Two possible additional LD‐1 determinants,LD‐ohandLD‐pm, were less well defined with two of the cells. The combined gene frequency of the five possible LD‐1 determinants is approximately 0.45 among Norwegians.
Identification of Tissue‐Specific Antigens and Concanavalin A Receptors on Rat Epidermal Cells Using a Radio‐Immunoprecipitation Method
Authors: LLOYD KENNETH O. , DARNULE TUKARAM V.
Published: July 2010

Iodination with lactoperoxidaae ‐ 125I‐ ‐ H2O2 was used to label surface components of rat epidermal cells. Lysis of the cells in non‐idet P40 resulted in the solubilization of tissue‐specific antigens and of concanavalin A receptors. These specificities were demonstrated using a radio‐immunoprecipitation method. The tissue‐specific antigens were recognized using absorbed rabbit anti‐rat epidermal cell sera (Lloyd & Darnule 1974); they reacted with two low molecular weight components in the lysate (9,000 and 12,000 daltons). Conca‐navalin A reacted with three major components. Two had high molecular weights (75,000 and 95,000 daltons). The possibility that one of these components was radioiodinated lacto‐operoxidase, which would have reacted with concanavalin A, was disproved. Another component (which occasionally appeared as two peaks) was similar in size to the species detected by the tissue‐specific antisera. Their non‐identity was, however, demonstrated by the finding that thr two specificities could be precipitated independently of each other.
Lymphocyte Activating Alloantigens on Human Epidermal Cells
Authors: HIRSCHBERG HENRY , THORSBY ERIK
Published: July 2010

Human epidermal cells dissociated by repeated trypsinization of skin explants were stimulatory to allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte skin‐cell cultures. After elimination of the lymphocytes proliferating in response to a particular allogeneic lymphocyte donor by a “hot” pulse of 3H‐thymidine of high specific activity, the viable lymphocytes remaining in culture were still capable of responding to stimulation by epidermal cells from the same donor. The response towards allogeneic epidermal cells could only partially be eliminated by 3H‐thymidine treatment. This treatment, however, also partially eliminated the secondary stimulation response towards lymphocytes from the epidermal cell donor used initially, but did not alter the response to lymphoid or epidermal cells from an unrelated third party donor. In addition, HL‐A antisera, which specifically inhibited the stimulatory capacity of mitomycin‐treated lymphocytes that carried the relevant HL‐A antigen also inhibited the stimulatory properties of epidermal cells from the same donor.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man. Varying Strength of the HL‐A (LA and FOUR) Antigens as Sensitizing or Target Determinants
Authors: KRISTENSEN TOM , GRUNNET NIELS , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN FLEMMINC
Published: July 2010

The gene products of the LA and FOUR loci of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are generally considered to be a major target in the Indirect Cell Mediated Lympholysis (ICML) test. Within most experiments, a positive correlation exists between the number of HL‐A antigens challenged and lympholysis. When different experiments are collated this correlation is less obvious. This discrepancy might be caused by differences between the individual HL‐A antigens involved in the afferent phase (MLC) andor the efferent phase (CML).

In 28 experiments involving 97 unrelated individuals we have compared statistically 12 different antigens governed by the LA and FOUR loci.

When only one of these antigens is challenged in ICML, target lymphocytes are lysed to different degrees allowing a significant classification of the antigens into different groups, which do not coincide with the classification in the LA and FOUR series antigens.

It is concluded that the antigens of the HL‐A system are not of equal importance when challenged separately in ICML. The existence of a separate CML locus and a corresponding linkage disequilibrium to the SD loci of the MHC region is suggested.
Studies on the Major Histocompatibility System in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: MOLLER ERNA , OLHAGEN KRJE
Published: July 2010

One hundred % of 66 patients with pelvospondylitis were found to haveHL‐A27, whereas the frequency of the antigen in 60 patients with sacroiliitis was 70 %. The difference in frequency ofHL‐A27between the two patient groups is statistically highly significant. This implies that tissue typing could be of clinical importance for a prognostic evaluation of patients with sacroiliitis.

Studies in families with severalHL‐NMLCidentical sibs indicated a relatively low penetrance of disease in those carrying the gene for increased susceptibility to development of AS. No assocation ofASto particular MLC alleles was found either in families or in severalSD‐2identicalASpatients.
HL‐A Antigens in Japanese Patients with Graves’Disease
Authors: Grumet F. C. , Payne Rose O. , Konishi Junji , Morr Toru , Kriss J. P.
Published: July 2010

A group of Japanese were investigated for evidence of an association between Graves’disease and HL–A, Forty‐four patients with the disease and 83 normal, unrelated random Japanese and Japanese‐American controls were selected for study. The frequency of the W5 antigen among patients (57 %) was significantly (P < .0001) greater than among controls (20 %). Of the 34 patients with abnormally elevated serum levels of anti‐(thyroid) microsomal (anti‐M) auto‐antibodies, 56 % had the W5 antigen. In contrast, of 48 control individuals tested for anti‐M, only seven were seropositive and none (0 %) of the seven had the W5 antigen. As expected the HL‐A8 antigen was absent from this non‐Caucasian population. These data demonstrate that the W5 antigen in Japanese, analogous to the HL‐A8 antigen in Caucasians, is associated with Graves’disease but not with anti‐M seropositivity in controls. The occurrence of different HL‐A antigens in association with the same disease in different ethnic groups requires that the use of a major histocompatibility system antigen as a disease susceptibility marker must be confirmed for each ethnic group under study.
Further Miniaturization and Automation of in vitro Lymphocyte Cultures
Authors: Mlggiano Vlncenzo G. , Meo Tommaso , Blrgén Inga , Nabholz Markus
Published: July 2010

A microtechnique (10 ø culture volume) for in vitro lymphocyte cultures is described, which, compared with current miniaturized techniques, permits a four to 20‐fold reduction of both medium volume and cell numbers. Furthermore, two alternative procedures for harvesting and washing radioisotope labelled cells are described. The first, making use of a conventional harvesting device, collects cells on glass fibre filters in a two to three‐fold shorter time than that needed for the current semi‐automatic collectors. The second takes advantage of the possibility of washing and fixing the cells in their culture wells and allows processing of more cultures with fewer manual operations.

Various technical aspects of the micro‐culture system are described and discussed with special reference to automation problems.
Possible Use of Established Cell Lines for MLR Locus Typing
Authors: Svedmyr Erik A. J. , Leibold Wolfgang , GATTI RICHARD A.
Published: July 2010

MLR histocompatibility typing was performed by in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from various persons with fresh lymphocytes (irradiated) or with lymphoblastoid cell lines (mito‐mycin‐treated) derived from donors homozygous at the MLR locus. MLC responses to both types of stimulation correlated strongly suggesting that a) established lymphoblastoid line cells can express products of the MLR locus and b) fresh lymphocytes can be replaced by these long term lines in MLR typing. Two lines (LV‐B and MS‐B) derived from two MLR homozygous donors (LV and MS) were used throughout these experiments. It is possible that as additional lines are established from such MLR homozygous donors, a panel of typing cells could be created which would serve to standardize MLR typing and allow selection of unrelated but histocompatible donors for transplantation.
A New Alloantigenic System on Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Walford Roy L. , Gossett Tom , Smith George S. , Zeller Edith , Wilkinson Joyce
Published: July 2010

Certain otherwise well‐defined HL—A typing sera contain extra antibodies which do not appear to be closely related to known HL‐A specificities and which react in the cytotoxic test with chronic lymphatic leukemia lymphocytes but not with normal lymphocytes. Despite nonreactivity in the cytotoxic test, absorption studies show that the antigenic factors are well represented on normal lymphocytes. Based on cross‐absorption experiments using both normal and leukemic cells, followed by back‐testing with the cytotoxic test against a leukemic cell panel, evidence is presented suggesting the existence of a complex, probably multiple allelic system on human lymphoid cells which appears distinct from the HL‐A system, and is definable by serologic techniques.
The Association of HLA with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Newfoundland. The Influence of HLA Homozygosity in Graves’ Disease
Authors: Farid Nadir R. , Barnard John M. , Marshall William H.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐seven patients with Graves’ disease, 73 with thyroiditis and 128 controls drawn from the same geographical area of Newfoundland were HLA typed. The frequency of HLA‐B8 was significantly increased in the Graves’ disease patients when compared to the control group giving a relative risk of 3.9. There were no significant HLA differences between the thyroiditis and control groups.

Homozygosity for the HLA haplotype, which is common in this island population, was more common in Graves’ disease patients (12.8%) than in controls (5.5%) but did not reach statistical significance in this sample. Homozygosity was due in five of the six cases to either an A1;B8 haplotype or an A2;B8 haplotype. This contrasted with an apparently random assortment of haplotypes in the control and thyroiditis groups. Calculations suggest that homozygosity for a B8 haplotype confers an additional risk over heterozygosity for B8 of about 3.5 fold; however, homozygosity had no observable influence on the severity of the disease.

These results strengthen the idea that B8, or an allele in linkage disequilibrium with it, determines in part the susceptibility of an individual to developing Graves’ disease.
Psoriasis, Sacro‐Iliitis and Peripheral Arthritis Occurring in Patients with the same HLA Haplotype. A Preliminary Family Report a Hypothetical Explanation of the Interaction between MHS Products
Authors: Marcusson J. , Elman A. , Möller E. , Thyresson N.
Published: July 2010

The present family investigation has shown that genes within the MHS are mainly responsible for the development of psoriasis or psoriasis‐associated arthritic lesions (peripheral arthritis and sacroiliitis). We have hypothetically discussed the possibility that multiple genes, all located within the MHS, act in concert to increase the risk of developing disease to very high levels. This implies that at least two MHS linked genes act in complementary fashion for the development of disease, these genes seem to be able to operate both in the cis and in the trans position. One of these genes would be situated in the chromosomal portion of the MHS which carries the HLA‐D locus.

Families with a high incidence of disease would show inheritance according to the cis position of genes, when it can be shown that most of the carriers of the specific disease‐associated haplotype are affected by disease, whereas in other families, complementarity between two distinct HLA haplotypes with genes acting in the trans position would result in disease.
The HLA Antigens and Leprosy in Thailand
Authors: Chiewsilp P. , Athkambhira S , Chirachariyavej T. , Bhamarapravati N. , Entwistle C.
Published: July 2010

HLA—A and —B locus antigens were determined in 170 unrelated patients with leprosy and 100 healthy controls. There were no statistically significant deviations from expected antigen distribution in patients with any of the various forms of leprosy, though the number of patients studied is relatively small. There were some interesting trends, particularly a possible decrease in the number of tuberculoid patients with A9, and an increase in the proportions of lepromatous patients with B18 and B40.

Limited evidence of a genetically controlled pre‐disposition to the clinical manifestations of leprosy suggests that further studies with extended typing should be carried out on the HLA haplotype segregation in informative leprosy families. These should provide a clearer indication of the relevance of the HLA (including DR) and possibly of other non‐HLA loci to the possible mechanism (s) of disease susceptibility.
HLA Types and ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Rosdahl Nils , Svejgaard Arne
Published: July 2010

Investigations of HLA and blood‐groups were carried out in 68 patients with infectious mono‐nucleosis comprising all known cases diagnosed within one year in a restricted geographical area of Denmark. The HLA distribution of these patients did not differ significantly from that of controls. Combining the results of the present investigation with two previous studies did not show any significantly different distribution from that of combined control groups. The ABO and Rhesus typing was in accordance with that found in a major Danish control group. However, available studies do not exclude the possibility that HLA‐D/DR or still unknown HLA factors may be involved in the susceptibility to mononucleosis.
HLA Antigens and Monoclonal Gammapathy
Authors: Saleün J. ‐P. , Youinou P. , Goff P. Le , Menn G. Le , Morin J. ‐F.
Published: July 2010

Despite the strict criteria required to distinguish Multiple Myeloma (M.M.) or Waldström's Macroglobulinemia (W.M.) from Benign Monoclonal Gammapathy (B.M.G.), nosological frontiers are still unclear and accordingly justify a comparative serological study of M.M., W.M., and B.M.G. patients.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Rhesus Monkeys XII: Cellular Typing for D Locus Antigens in Families1
Authors: van Es A. A. , Balner H.
Published: July 2010

Typing cells (TC) were used for the identification of D locus antigens in rhesus monkey families. The antigens defined by this cellular method always segregated with the other RhLA‐controlled markers except in one offspring with a proven recombination within the RhLA region; in that case, the D antigen was inherited in coupling with an antigen of the Ia1locus (the analog of the human DR locus). With two exceptions, each TC or group of TC's was associated with one of the serologically defined Ia1antigens. The two exceptions were associated with “blanks” of that series. Interestingly, two independent (mutually MLC responsive) TC groups appeared to be associated with the same Ia1antigen 75*. Equally noteworthy was the observed “inclusion phenomenon” among cells of several TC groups, each associated with a single Ia1antigen or blank of that series. In these cases, some of the TC's of the group were unidirectionally MLC‐responsive against other cells of the same group. Certain pitfalls of cellular typing are discussed; unexpected “false positive” results were attributed to prior immunization with products of non‐D loci which have been described recently (van Es & Balner 1978b).
HLA—A, —B, and —D Antigens in Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Authors: Zander Helmut , Grosse‐Wilde Hans , Kuntz Barbara , Scholz Siegfried , Albert Ekkehard D.
Published: July 2010

Sixty‐two unrelated Caucasian patients from the Munich area who had had paralytic poliomyelitis in the 1950s and the early 1960s were analyzed. HLA—A and —B typing was performed for 26 antigens. HLA—D typing was done using six different established homozygous typing cells defining the specificities Dw1‐Dw5 and Dw11, plus one locally defined typing cell. None of the HLA—A, —B or —D determinants showed a significant deviation in frequency from control populations. Of interest may be a decrease of B8 and an increase of Bw16 (Bw38/39) and B27, but these deviations are not significant if their P values are corrected for the number of comparisons made.
Backstimulation by Blastogenic Factor in the Primed LD Typing Test: Possible Role in Anomalous Responses
Authors: Gordon Julius , Uotila Marjatta , Rode Harold
Published: July 2010

The anomalous false‐positive results often found in the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) test seem to be partially due to the release of blastogenic factor (BF) from the stimulating cell, resulting in back stimulation of the primed lymphocyte. These anomalous responses can be greatly reduced by treating the stimulator cell with high doses of irradiation or with puromycin.
Increased Frequency of HLA—DRw2 and DRw3 in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: de Moerloose Ph. , Jeannet M. , Martins‐da‐Silva B. , Werner‐Favre Ch. , Rohr J. , Gauthier G.
Published: July 2010

Previous studies of multiple sclerosis patients showed the existence of a positive association between multiple sclerosis and HLA—A3 and —B7, as well as a negative association with B12. These observations have been confirmed. In addition, a more marked association has been observed with two recently identified B‐cell antigens, DRw2 and DRw3, closely related to the HLA‐D locus. The presence of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies was found to bear no relationship with those two specificities. These results suggest that two genes of the HLA—DR region may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
HLA—DR Antigens in Black North‐Americans and Their Association with HLA—D
Authors: Duquesnoy R. J. , Marrari M. , Annen K. , Pollack M. S. , Dupont B.
Published: July 2010

A random population of 108 Black North‐Americans, 79 of whom had also been typed for HLA—D in Mixed Leukocyte Culture (MLC), were serologically tested for DRw with Seventh International Histocompatibility Workshop trays. Clusters of B cell alloantisera were identified which defined several DRw antigens. Although the clusters for DRw1, DRw2, DRw3 and DRw7 showed similarities with the clusters derived during the Seventh International Histocompatibility Workshop, distinct differences were observed which should be taken into account for the assignment of the DRw antigens in Blacks. DRw6 was defined by a cluster of sera which also reacted with DRw1 and DRw2 cells. The tails of these sera were used to assign DRw6, but this was only possible with DRw1 and DRw2 negative cells. It was not possible to identify serum clusters specific for DRw4 orWIA8.The associations between DRw and the corresponding Dw specificities were reasonably good for DRw1, DRw2 and DRw7, but weaker for DRw3 and DRw5. The cumulative gene frequencies for DRw1, DRw2, DRw3, DRw5, DRw6 and DRw7 was 0.86. The frequencies of these six DRw antigens fitted into a Hardy‐Weinberg distribution, suggesting that DRw in Blacks is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles.
HLA—A and B Antigen Frequencies in Welsh Coalworkers with Pneumoconiosis and Caplan's Syndrome
Authors: Wagner M.M.F. , Darke C.
Published: July 2010

HLA typing was performed on 267 Welsh coalworkers with pneumoconiosis (96 cases of simple pneumoconiosis, 115 cases of progressive massive fibrosis and 56 cases of Caplan's Syndrome) and 134 coalworkers with no abnormality. The presence or absence of rheumatoid factor was also determined. The results fail to confirm a previously reported increase in HLA—A1 and B18 in coalworkers with no pneumoconiosis. When correction was made for the number of antigens typed (i) HLA—Bw21 was significantly increased from 1.1% in the total group with pneumoconiosis to 8.2% in coalworkers with no abnormality (P corrected < 0.032); (ii) HLA—Bw45 was increased in Caplan's Syndrome (10.7%) and Caplan's Syndrome patients with rheumatoid factor (16.1%) when compared to a non‐occupationally exposed control group (0.8%) (P corrected = 0.019 and 0.0064 respectively). These results were not significant when comparisons were made with the coalworker group with no abnormality. The apparent higher frequency of Bw45 in Welsh coalworkers is discussed.
A Micromethod for Prospectively Testing Lymphocyte‐Mediated Cytotoxicity (LMC) Using Fresh or Frozen Cells Labelled with a Fluorescent Dye
Authors: Nathan Paul , Plessinger Ronald T.
Published: July 2010

A direct, specific and rapid method has been developed to prospectively evaluate lymphocyte médiated cytotoxicity (LMC) for kidney transplant recipients. Donor lymphocytes, labeled with fluorescein diacetate, were incubated in a microtest plate for 2 h with recipients' effector cells. The percentage of fluorescent cells in each well was estimated relative to controls using an inverted phase fluorescence microscope. Lymphocytes obtained from seven of 12 recipients posttransplantation exhibited positive reactions, fluorescence of labeled donor cells was reduced to 30—65% of that observed in controls, and these reactive patients required nephrectomies. The responses of the remaining five patients were negative. Tests with their donor cells showed 80—95% control fluorescence, with favorable transplant results. Six of 21 recipients evaluated prospectively required nephrectomies within 34 days post‐transplantation. Three of these subjects showed 15—65% control fluorescence, a positive LMC response; the other three yielded negative LMC responses but required nephrectomies possibly due to renal ischemia prior to transplantation. The remaining 15 patients demonstrated 85—90% control fluorescence with graft function continuing for 17 to 270 days. The results from direct LMC tests with a fluorescent label indicate that the system is of value in predicting early rejection of renal allotransplants.
Two HLA—D and DR Alleles are Associated with Coeliac Disease
Authors: DeMarchi Mario , Borelli Iolanda , Olivetti Eleonora , Richiardi Patricia , Wright Pamela , Ansaldi Nicoletta , Barbera Cristiana , Santini Bruna
Published: July 2010

A group of 45 children affected with Coeliac Disease (CD) was typed for HLA—A, B, C, D, and DR specificities. The most significant associations were found with two alleles of the D series, with both cellular and serological typing. It is suggested that the susceptibility to CD is determined by two different genes within the HLA region, the first in common with organ‐specific autoimmune diseases and associated with Dw3, the second possibly specific for CD and associated with Dw7.
Influence of Genes Associated with the Main Histocompatibility Complex on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Excision Repair Capacity and Bleomycin Sensitivity in Mouse Lymphocytes
Authors: Walford Roy L. , Bergmann Kathy
Published: July 2010

In sets of mice congenic at H‐2 and upon two backgrounds, and selected according to known differences in strain‐specific lifespans, DNA repair efficiency in spleen cells was compared by two techniques: excision repair capacity following UV‐irradiation, and bleomycin sensitivity. Significant differences between certain congenic partner sets were noted with both techniques, suggesting that the main histocompatibility complex influences DNA repair capacity.
Esophageal Cancer Studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: Introductive Assessment of the HLA Profile in Patients and Controls
Authors: Hashemi S. , Dowlatshahi K. , Day N. E. , Kmet J. , Takasugi M. , Mohagheghpour N. , Modabber F. Z.
Published: July 2010

The possibility of an association between HLA profile and the probability of having esophageal cancer was explored among patients from different ethnic groups residing in the Caspian Littoral of Iran. A total of 151 esophageal cancer patients and 214 normal controls with ethnic affiliations similar to those of the patients were typed for HLA antigens. No statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls with regard to HLA antigens.
Alloantibodies that React with Subsets of Human T Cells
Authors: van Leeuwen Aad
Published: July 2010

Using the two color fluorescence (TCF) method, alloantibodies against subsets of T cells could be detected in sera from pregnant women with strong HLA antibodies. To preclude interference of these HLA antibodies with the recognition of the T cell antibodies, serum donors were selected which were HLA—Al, —B8, —DRw3. Their sera were tested on a panel of individuals homozygous for HLA—Al, —B8, —DRw3. By enriching peripheral mononuclear blood lymphocytes for Tγ cells it could be shown that some of the sera reacted mainly with Tγ and others with Tμ lymphocytes, while some sera reacted with both.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Associated with HLA—DRw3
Authors: Ercilla G. , Parés A. , Arriaga F. , Bruguera M. , Castillo R. , Rodés J. , Vives J.
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐one unrelated Caucasian patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis were typed for HLA—A, B, C and HLA‐DRw antigens. The antigens HLA‐A1, HLA‐B8 and HLA‐DRw3 were found in increased frequency in relation to the control group. When the P values were corrected for the number of antigens tested only the increase of HLA—DRw4 remained significantly different from the control group (P corr. < 0.004). The antigen HLA—DRw3 was carried by 12 out of 21 patients (57.1%) in comparison to 11 out of 74 (14.8%) normal unrelated Caucasian subjects.
The Comparison between Normal and Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Transformed Homozygous Typing Cells and Their Use for MLC, PLT and Serological Detection of Human Ia‐Type Alloantigens
Authors: Baron Diethard , Thomsen Mogens , Staub‐Nielsen L. , Wernet Peter , Svejgaard Arne
Published: July 2010

Normal human lymphocytes isolated from freshly drawn blood were repeatedly stimulated (up to five times) in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) with five different Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐transformed homozygous typing cells (HTC‐LCL). Each time, the same WDW‐specificity was used for the restimulation. The first and the second stimulations resulted in an 2.4‐to 3.1‐fold increase of the original responder cell number. But after the third, fourth and fifth stimulation decreasing amounts of specifically primed lymphocytes were recovered. Primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) showed significant differences in the intensity of the stimulation depending on whether homozygous typing cells (HTC) or HTC‐LCL were used as stimulators. Except for one cell type, the PLT‐response was significantly stronger with HTC‐LCL than with HTC. The time needed to reach the maximal PLT‐response got shorter and shorter the more often the cells were reprimed by the same stimulator cell. Further differences between HTC and HTC‐LCL were observed in the complement‐dependent cytotoxicity assay: HTC‐LCL were more sensitive towards rabbit complement and they showed an enhanced binding of anti‐Ia‐alloantibodies but HTC reacted more specifically with the antibodies.
HLA—Dw4 and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thomsen M. , Morling N. , Snorrason E. , Svejgaard A. , Sørensen S. F.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐seven patients with a “definite” or “classical” rheumatoid arthritis according to the ARA criteria were typed for the serologically detectable HLA—A, —B, and —C antigens and 36 of these patients were typed for the HLA—D antigens, Dw1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 by the MLC technique.

The frequency of Dw4 was increased to 44.4% in the patients compared to 17.2% in normal controls (P= 8 × 10−4). The frequency of Dw1 and Dw7 was also increased although this was only of borderline significance. The frequency of Dw2 was remarkably low, especially in females, which is of interest, as the same antigen has a low frequency in some other autoimmune diseases.

No significant deviations of the frequencies of HLA—A, —B, and —C antigens were found in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
HLA Histocompatibility Antigens in a Polynesian Population — Cook Islanders of Mauke
Authors: MacQueen J. Marilyn , Ottesen Eric A. , Weller Peter F. , Ottesen Carole , Amos D. Bernard , Ward Frances E.
Published: July 2010

Polynesians living on the island of Mauke in the Cook Island group were typed for HLA—A and —B locus antigens. The Mauke population has restricted HLA polymorphism, with five A‐locus antigens and four B‐locus antigens accounting for a majority of the HLA phenotypes. Although some differences in antigen frequency were found when Mauke Islanders were compared with Polynesians from Easter Island and Samoa, the Mauke Islanders were closer in their HLA antigenic profile to Polynesians than to Melanesians.
The Distribution of HLA Antigens and Genes in the Greek Population
Authors: Renieri N. , Stavropoulos C. , Lepage V.
Published: July 2010

200 Greeks were typed by lymphocytotoxicity for 14 HLA‐A and 18 HLA‐B antigens with 120 sera. A high frequency of Bw35 and B5 antigen was apparent. The most remarkable disequilibria found were those between A2‐B5 and A9‐B18.
The HLA System and G6PD Deficiency in the Bulgarian Population
Authors: Minev M. , Bulanov A. G.
Published: July 2010

HLA typing was done on 2,956 healthy, unrelated individuals living in four areas in Bulgaria. Of these, 163 had G6PD deficiency. The persons examined lived in villages situated at different altitudes. A low degree of correlation was found only for HLA‐Al, ‐Aw23, ‐Bw35 and ‐B40 in the selected group with G6PD deficiency. The decrease of phenotype frequency of each HLA antigen was found to be directly proportional to the decrease of G6PD deficiency frequencies and related to environmental altitude, which is very typical for this selected group of carriers of this deficiency.
HLA‐DRw Antigens Associated with Acute Leukemia
Authors: von Fliedner V. E. , Sultan‐Khan Z. , Jeannet M.
Published: July 2010

In mice, susceptibility to leukemia is closely linked to “Ia” antigens coded by the major histo‐compatibility complex and is transmitted recessively. To test this hypothesis in man, 89 patients with acute leukemia were typed for the eight known HLA‐DRw specificities, representing the human counterpart of the Ia system, and compared with a normal unrelated control population (n=123). Phenotypes showing only one identifiable DRw antigen were significantly increased in patients with acute leukemia. Within such phenotypes, there was a predominant and significant occurrence of DRw antigens 3, 6, and 7, depending on the type of leukemia (AML, ALL in adults, and ALL in children respectively). These findings are most probably due to an excess of homozygotes for these particular DRw antigens, thus suggesting a recessive mode of transmission of susceptibility to leukemia in man.
HLA‐DR4 Antigen and IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Fauchet R. , Le Pogamp P. , Genetet B. , Chevet D. , Guéguen M. , Simon P. , Ramée M. P. , Cartier F.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B and DR antigens were tested in 45 unrelated patients with IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease). A significant association with HLA‐DR4 was noted. An unusual finding was a secondary association with the A2‐B12 antigen combination.
Modulation of Expression of HLA Components at the Cell Surface Induced by Anti‐β2m Reagents
Authors: Ceppellini R. , Garotta G. , Malavasi F. , Trucco M.
Published: July 2010

Antibodies against lymphocyte surface components are able to rearrange profoundly the topography of the cell membrane with a differential modulation of surface antigens. Of particular interest is the effect of anti‐β2m reagents, which are able to suppress completely the reactivity of epitopes carried by the two chains of the ABC dimers, while the expressivity of other antigens, such as DR, is significantly increased. These results have been obtained with immunoradiobinding under a variety of conditions, thus confirming the validity of the “bb” (β2m blanketing) test.
The HLA antigens in Indian Hindus
Authors: MITTAL K. K. , NAIK S. , SANSONETII N. , COWHERD R. , KUMAR R. , WONG D. M.
Published: July 2010

This study reports the phenotype frequencies (PF) and gene frequencies (GF) of 72 different HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DR antigens in Indian Hindus, thus substantially extending the data previously reported for Asian Indians (Singal 1972, Bale et al. 1980, Hammond & Asmal 1980). The two‐locus haplotypes demonstrating significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ) among the Hindus have also been identified.
HLA‐SB in the south of France. Correlation between locally derived and reference typing reagents
Authors: BOURGUE F. , CHARMOT D. , MERCIER P. , TONGIO M. M. , SHAW S. , MAWAS C.
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐D region of the Major Histocompatibility Complex has been subdivided since 1978 (Mawas et al. 1978) into two subregions separable by recombination: a telomeric subregion (closer to HLA‐B), coding for the classical HLA‐DR or Dw specificities (Mawas et al. 1980) as well as for the more recent MT series (Park et al. 1980); and a centromeric subregion (closer to GLO), coding for a new series of alleles provisionally named SB (for secondary B cell antigens) (Shaw et al. 1980, 1981a). Reagents allowing the identification of six independent alleles have been characterized in two laboratories (Charmot et al. 1980 and Shaw et al. 1980, 1981b) using the technology of primed lymphocytes typing (Sheehy et al. 1975; Mawas et al. 1975).

The existence of this new locus is supported by the following arguments: population studies by Shaw demonstrating five traits distinct from DR behaving as alleles (Shaw et al. 1981b), analysis of two informative SB/DR recombinant families (Mawas et al. 1978; Mawas et al. 1980; Shaw et al. 1981a), and, finally, studies of mutants showing independent loss of DR expression without loss of SB expression (Kavathas et al. 1981).

The present report summarizes the HLA‐SB typing of 109 unrelated individuals from the South of France and segregation studies in 14 unrelated families; a first attempt to correlate local “SB” reagents with the NIH reference standards is presented.
Characterization by monoclonal antibodies of lymphocyte subsets present in B‐enriched suspensions
Authors: Crepaldi T. , Bchiardi P. , Borelli I. , Malavasi F. , Carbonara A. O.
Published: July 2010

B lymphocyte enriched suspensions isolated by E rosette depletion (E− cells) or by nylon fiber adherence (adherent cells) were identified by their cellular composition using different T and B cell markers (SIg, E receptor, T3, T4, T8 and Ia‐like antigens). The cells were isolated from peripheral blood both of healthy donors and uremic dialysis patients. A variable proportion of non‐B cells was found in some preparations. This contaminant was represented mainly by Null cells in E− lymphocyte suspensions and by T cells in the adherent population. Contaminating T lymphocytes were most frequently found in adherent cell preparations from uremic individuals and appeared to be an heterogeneous population including variable proportions of T4, T8 and Ia positive T cells. A significant increase of T8+ cells and a decrease of the ratio T4/T8 was seen among adherent T cells as compared to the normal distribution among T peripheral lymphocytes.
Negative linkage disequilibria
Authors: Baur M. P. , Grange D.
Published: July 2010

An extension of previous statements on the maximum negative linkage disequilibrium for a two‐locus haplotype is given.
Enzymatic modification of the lymphocyte surface
Authors: Kilpatrick David C. , Darg Charles
Published: July 2010

Lymphocytes were treated with hydrolytic enzymes primarily to assess whether such modified cells would give improved cytotoxicity reactions during tissue typing. Papain‐treated and α‐chymotrypsin‐treated lymphocytes were approximately twice as sensitive as untreated cells in the microcytotoxicity test used, and this finding might be usefully exploited by immunological laboratories for purposes of cross‐matching, HLA antibody screening and HLA‐DR typing. Trypsin treatment promoted massive cell clumping, while neuraminidase treatment was responsible for indiscriminate cell death after exposure to rabbit serum. The capacity of lymphocytes to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was abolished after treatment with trypsin or α‐chymotrypsin, but enhanced by papain or neuraminidase.
HLA‐D restriction of antigen‐specific proliferative T cell responses
Authors: Thorsby E. , Ferrone S. , Nousiainen H. , Hirschberg H.
Published: July 2010

The specificity of the inhibitory activity of anti HLA‐DR antisera on the proliferative response of human T cells to soluble antigens has been recently challenged. Furthermore, there are conflicting reports about the effect of antisera to the stimulatory antigen. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory activity of different antisera on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes from sensitized donors to the antigens HSV and PPD. Alloantisera to DR specificities shared between antigen presenting cells (APC) and T cells displayed a strong inhibitory activity; alloantisera to HLA‐DR specificities expressed only by APC or the T cell donor displayed lower or no inhibitory activity. Monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants of HLA‐DR molecules were inhibitory, but only when used at a high concentration. Antisera to HLA‐ABC molecules and to HSV displayed little if any inhibition. These findings provide further evidence that the HLA‐DR molecules as such in the APC membrane, which were also present during initial sensitization, are restriction elements for T cells.
Transfer of anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies from the mother to the child Are DR antigens expressed on the placenta?
Authors: TONGIO M. M , WERNEBURG B , MAYER S
Published: July 2010

Materno‐foetal transfer of anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies was studied in 7 women. In 6 cases, the antibody was induced by the current pregnancy and in one case, it was a residual antibody from a previous pregnancy. When the maternal antibody was induced by the current pregnancy, no anti‐DR antibody was detected in the child. When the antibody was residual, it was weakly present in the child. A comparison was made between the materno‐foetal transfer of anti‐HLA‐A, B, C antibodies and that of anti‐DR antibodies. Anti‐HLA‐DR antibody placental absorption suggested that the corresponding antigens were expressed on certain placenta cells.
HLA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North American Caucasoids
Authors: MOORE S. BREANNDAN , PEARSON GARY R , III H. BRYAN NEEL , WEILAND LOUIS H
Published: July 2010

In Chinese, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been associated with HLA alleles. Twenty‐four Caucasoids with NPC were HLA typed (24 AB, 16 DR). No associations were found in comparisons with normal healthy controls.