bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Optimization of mm-Wave Communication Using a Novel Approach of Beamspace MIMO-NOMA
Authors: Majeed Ammar A. , Hburi Ismail
Published: November 2022

The new concept of Beamspace Multiple Input Multiple Output system (BS-MIMO) was developed to address the issue of reduced Energy Efficiency (EE) of the traditional MIMO in millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems by decreases the large number of radio frequency chains (RF-chains) while maintaining the same number of antennas in those systems. On the other hand, a fewer RF-Chains leads to a smaller number of users that the system can serve as a result of the number of users that can be served must be equal to/or less than the RF-chains’ number. To overcome the above issue, the BS-MIMO is proposed to be integrated with Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access (NOMA) scheme to produce the novel approach of BS-MIMO-NOMA. As a result, the novel scheme is capable of serving a group of users with correlated channels via a single RF-chain. In this paper, we will address the issue of EE of the above-mentioned communication systems. Specifically, we propose and develop an iterative algorithm with a low complexity that achieves near-perfect performance. The proposed scheme, named MSE-DPA (for Mean-Square-Error-Based Dynamic Power Allocation Algorithm), is checked to ensure this validity of Figure-of-Merit. The simulation results indicate that the EE is approximately 85% greater than that of traditional (fully-digital) MIMO systems for a certain fair system and environment scenario.
PENCEGAHAN PERUNDUNGAN PADA ANAK DENGAN PENEKANAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Hafidhoh Alfina
Published: November 2022

Ada banyak persoalan yang masih perlu menjadi perhatian dan dikaji dalam hal kesejahteraan mengenai kehidupan yang layak untuk anak-anak di Indonesia dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Salah satu yang hingga detik ini masih terus terjadi dan menimbulkan kasus baru adalah tindak bullying atau perundungan. Jadi hal penting karena nyatanya, tak jarang kejadian satu ini memakan korban jiwa.Yang disayangkan, kasus perundungan yang selama ini terjadi justru sebagian besar berlangsung di lingkungan sekolah. Tempat di mana seharusnya anak-anak mendapatkan pengajaran yang baik mengenai budi pekerti dan etika bersosialisasi, sehingga dikategorikan sebagai perundungan yang terjadi di area Pendidikan Penyebab perundungan bisa terjadi di lingkungan sekolah.Bukan terjadi tanpa alasan, ada beberapa faktor yang diyakini menjadi penyebab tindakan perundungan bisa terjadi di lingkungan sekolah. Secara umum, disebutkan bahwa mereka atau anak-anak yang melakukan tindak perundungan, justru biasanya memiliki faktor atau kejadian pemicu yang tidak menyenangkan, dan membuatnya melampiaskan trauma tersebut kepada orang lain.
Wired in June 1995 (historiography VIII:3-3)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: November 2022

Computer science and technology : historiography VIII (3 - 3)
Restaurando la función reproductiva en un reproductor equino con torsión testicular, reporte de caso
Authors: Duarte Catalina
Published: November 2022

La torsión testicular es una alteración del tracto genital que se presenta frecuentementeen equinos, con una prevalencia del 30 % de los casos, se clasifca en rotacionesmenores de 180 grados que puede ser permanentes o transitorias ya que pueden teneruna resolución espontanea y de 180 grados o mayores, que pueden cursar consignologia de infamación escrotal, intenso dolor, marcha anormal y síntomas de cólico,considerándose una urgencia y de tratamiento quirúrgico. Generalmente estas torsionesson unilaterales.El tratamiento conservador consiste en aplicación de analgésicos, antiinfamatorios,vasodilatadores por varios días esperando alguna resolución de la infamación, es untratamiento sintomático sin solución del problema, por este motivo el tratamiento paraeste tipo de patología es hemicastración o castración completa, fnalizando la etapareproductiva del paciente.En el siguiente caso clínico, este paciente el cual tuvo una rotación de 180 grados, deltestículo derecho, y posteriormente del testículo izquierdo, fue diagnosticado condisrupción en la espermatogénesis, luego de ser manejado con un tratamientoconservador, la recomendación final del médico tratante fue la castración.El paciente fue tratado con un protocolo biorregulador donde se busco reconectar el ejeendocrino hormonal, soporte vascular, modulación de la infamación y reactivaciónmitocondrial obteniendo resultados positivos en la calidad espermática del eyaculado yen parámetros como viabilidad y motilidad espermática, recuperando su funciónreproductiva.
Differential expression of SCN11A in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SCN11A, encoding sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11, in iPSC-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. SCN11A was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. SCN11A transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of NAP1L2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of NAP1L2, encoding nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2, in iPSC-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. NAP1L2 was also differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. NAP1L2 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of PLAC9 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of PLAC9, encoding placenta specific 9, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. PLAC9 was also differentially expressed in primary motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. PLAC9 transcript was present at lower levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of OMD in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of OMD, encoding osteomodulin, in the iPSC-derived primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. OMD was also differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. OMD transcript was present at significantly lower levels in iPSC-derived ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation
Authors: Quintais João Pedro , Appelman Naomi , Fathaigh Ronan Ó
Published: November 2022

Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platform's terms and conditions (T&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards, and therefore allowing Article 14 to fulfil its revolutionary potential.
Differential expression of RMND1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of RMND1, encoding required for meiotic nuclear division 1 homolog, in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. RMND1 was also differentially expressed in primary motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. RMND1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Experiment ended
Authors: end exp
Published: November 2022

Experiment ended -- Experiment ended
Biaya Produksi dan Penerimaan
Authors: Waasi Nur
Published: November 2022

Produksi dalam operasional bisnis, pengertian biaya produksi adalah sejumlah dana yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan dalam rangka melakukan pengolahan dan produksi bahan baku demi terciptanya suatu produk.Biaya produksi atau cost production merupakan biaya yang dikeluarkan suatu perusahaan atau badan usaha, mulai dari proses pengelolaan bahan mentah hingga menghasilkan barang jadi. Akumulasi dana yang dikeluarkan dalam proses ini disebut sebagai cost production.
PEMBUBARAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA PADA MASA ORDE LAMA DAN MASA REFORMASI
Authors: Umam Muchamad Khatibul
Published: November 2022

Mekanisme pembubaran partai politik pada masa Orde Lama dan masa reformasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat jauh, dimana pada masa Orde Lama pembubaran partai politik berada ditangan presiden dengan mendengarkan pendapat MA sedangkan pada masa reformasi pembubaran partai politik dilakukan oleh MK atas permohonan pemerintah sebagai legal standing pemohon pembubaran partai politik dan dilakukan melalui proses peradilan atau due process of law. Terdapat beberapa prosedur dan ketentuan yang harus diperhatikan dan dilalui dalam membubarkan partai politik, dimana peraturan terkait mekanisme pembubaran partai politik juga diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003.
Placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia induced by observational learning may be difficult to disentangle in a laboratory setting
Authors: Meeuwis Stefanie H , Kłosowska Joanna , Bajcar Elżbieta A. , Wasylewski Mateusz , Badzińska Julia , Rubanets Daryna , Di Nardo Marianna , Mazzoni Giuliana , Babel Przemysław
Published: November 2022

Observational learning (OBL) can evoke placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia, however, these effects have rarely been systematically compared. Healthy participants (n=105) were randomised to: 1) placebo OBL, 2) nocebo OBL, or 3) a no-observation control group. During OBL, a videotaped model simulated pain relief or increase after a sham ointment was applied. Thermal pain was evoked on two arms (ointment, control) at baseline and post-OBL. A three-way interaction confirmed that OBL modulates pain: F(2,93)=6.08, p=.003, ηp2=.12. Pain increased after nocebo OBL, with a bigger increase for the ointment arm (both p≤.007). After placebo OBL, pain increased for the control arm only (p<.001). Expectations mediated these effects. That pain for the control stimuli increased after placebo OBL could reflect nocebo learning. Experimental paradigms typically examine relative differences between ointment and control stimuli. Our results show that this can complicate disentangling placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in laboratory settings.
Admission By Kati Piri: “Allowing Cyprus In (EU) Without A Solution To Cyprus Problem… Is A Big Mistake”
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: November 2022

Kati Piri is a member of the European Parliament (EP) for the Netherlands within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats political group in the Parliament. She is generally known for her very critical views on Turkey. Under the pretext of criticizing the Turkish government, she has often demonstrated a biased stance against Turkey and Turkish people. The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus in 1990 lodged an application to become a full member of the then European Community, now the European Union.In this regard, the prominent Professor of International Law H. Mendelson Q.C. prepared a comprehensive opinion on the legal aspects of the one-sided membership application of the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus to the EU.According to Professor Mendelson, Greek Cypriot Administration's application to join the EU is a breach of the relevant provision of the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee which stipulates that 'Cyprus' cannot participate, in whole or in part, in any political or economic union with any State whatsoever, in which both Turkey and Greece are not members.Since Greek Cypriot Administration’s joining to the EU there have not been any improvements in the stability in the Eastern Mediterranean regionKati Piri in an interview, despite her biased stance against people accepting the mistake EU has made.
Differential expression of LIMD2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of LIMD2, encoding LIM domain-containing 2, in iPSC-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. LIMD2 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. LIMD2 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Commentary - 'Invisible actors'-How poor methodology reporting compromises mouse models of oncology: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Andrades Michael , Tobar Santiago
Published: November 2022

Dear Dr. Nunamaker and Dr. ReynoldsWe have read with interest your recent paper published in PlosOne where you demonstrated how poor the reporting is in oncology preclinical studies [1]. After selecting 400 articles published during 2020 in 20 oncology-related journals that explicitly endorsed the ARRIVE guidelines - a 20-item checklist to improve animal studies reporting - you found just 23% of compliance with five key domains (ethical oversight assurance, animal signalment, animal husbandry, welfare, and euthanasia) [2]. That’s unfortunate, way below acceptable, and not novel. Still, it’s highly important to show how bad the portrait is today. The ARRIVE guidelines were first launched in 2010 [3] but they didn’t stick as they should and poor reporting performance of preclinical studies has persisted in several fields [4–6]. Among the worst reported items is euthanasia and, as pointed out by you, only 14% of the articles fully described the procedure. Before you, Abbas et. al also found only 14% of the articles with tissue engineering approaches for urethral repair properly described the euthanasia methodology [4] and Reynolds et. al showed that 52% of the articles published in Shock journal did it properly [7]. A detailed description of the euthanasia methods is often underestimated by researchers but has huge consequences for the validity and interpretation of the outcomes. Ignoring the variation in the chosen shift, duration, and most importantly, anesthetics employed for euthanasia can simply make the results ungeneralizable. We have investigated the impact of anesthetics in a systematic review and meta-analysis [8] and we noticed that:i) the interference of a given anesthetic is not constant across several biological pathways;ii) the degree of interference in a given pathway differs according to the anesthetic employed;iii) the anesthetic dose has a wide variation across studies;iv) the confirmatory euthanasia method (i.e. overdose, decapitation, bleeding after organ harvesting) may be a confounding factor. It’s noteworthy that these interferences do not justify their abrogation. We must bear in mind that animal killing methods must comply with the ability to cause a rapid loss of consciousness and death with minimum distress, fear, or pain in the animals. Thus, using anesthetics right before euthanasia is meant to achieve these goals. Instead of abrogation, we should develop standards and, while these standards are lacking, we should, at least, describe the procedure in detail. That’s the researcher's burden. However, we cannot forget the publisher's part in this lack of adherence to good standards. Nunamaker and Reynolds chose just journals that endorse the ARRIVE guidelines. Why didn’t the editors and reviewers enforce the journal policies? It seems to be another demonstration that scientific publishers have not been working just for the advancement of science.
Why Do Evaluative Judgments Affect Emotion Attributions? The Roles of Judgments About Fittingness and the True Self
Authors: Prinzing Michael , Knobe Joshua , Earp Brian D.
Published: November 2022

Past research has found that the value of a person’s life and activities can affect observers’ judgements about whether that person experiences certain emotions (e.g., people consider morally good agents happier than morally bad agents). One proposed explanation for this effect is that emotion attributions are influenced by judgments about fittingness (whether the emotion is merited). Another hypothesis is that emotion attributions are influenced by judgments about the agent’s true self (whether the emotion reflects how the agent feels “deep down”). We tested these hypotheses in six studies. After finding that people think a wide range of emotions can be fitting and reflect a person’s true self (Study 1), we tested the predictions of these two hypotheses for attributions of happiness, love, sadness, and hatred. We manipulated the emotions’ fittingness (Studies 2a-b and 3) and whether the emotions reflected an agent's true self (Studies 3 and 5), measuring emotion attributions as well as fittingness judgments and true self judgments. The fittingness manipulation only impacted emotion attributions in the cases where it also impacted true self judgments, whereas the true self manipulation impacted emotion attribution in all cases, including those where it did not impact fittingness judgments. These results cast serious doubt on the fittingness hypothesis and offer some support for the true self hypothesis, which could be developed further in future work.
Responsible Research Assessment II: A specific proposal for hiring and promotion in psychology
Authors: Gärtner Anne , Leising Daniel , Freyer Nele , Musfeld Philipp , Lange Jens , Schönbrodt Felix D.
Published: November 2022

Traditional metric indicators of scientific productivity (e.g., journal impact factor; h-index) have been heavily criticized for being invalid and fueling a culture that focuses on the quantity, rather than the quality, of a person’s scientific output. There is now a wide-spread demand for viable alternatives to current academic evaluation practices. In a previous report, we laid out four basic principles of a more responsible research assessment in academic hiring and promotion processes (Schönbrodt et al., 2024). The present paper offers a specific proposal for how these principles may be implemented in practice: We argue in favor of broadening the range of relevant research contributions and propose a set of concrete quality criteria (including a ready-to-use online tool) for research articles. These criteria are supposed to be used primarily in the first phase of the assessment process. Their function is to help establish a minimum threshold of methodological rigor – including empirical rigor and theoretical rigor – that candidates need to pass in order to be further considered for hiring or promotion. In contrast, the second phase of the assessment process focuses more on the actual content of candidates’ research output and necessarily uses more narrative means of assessment. The debate over ways of replacing current invalid evaluation criteria with ones that relate more closely to scientific quality continues. Its course and outcome will depend on the willingness of researchers to get involved and help shape it.
Blinding to circumvent human biases: Deliberate ignorance in humans, institutions, and machines
Authors: Hertwig Ralph , Herzog Stefan Michael , Kozyreva Anastasia
Published: November 2022

Inequalities and injustices are thorny issues in liberal societies, manifesting in forms such as the gender pay gap; sentencing discrepancies among Black, Hispanic, and White defendants; and unequal medical resource distribution across ethnicities. One cause of these inequalities is implicit social bias: unconsciously formed associations between social groups and attributions such as "nurturing," "lazy," or "uneducated." One strategy to counteract implicit and explicit human biases is delegating crucial decisions, such as how to allocate benefits, resources, or opportunities, to algorithms. Algorithms, however, are not necessarily impartial and objective. Although they can detect and mitigate human biases, they can also perpetuate and even amplify existing inequalities and injustices. We explore how a philosophical thought experiment, Rawls's veil of ignorance, and a psychological phenomenon, deliberate ignorance, can help shield individuals, institutions, and algorithms from biases. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of methods for shielding human and artificial decision-makers from potentially biasing information. We then broaden our discussion beyond the issues of bias and fairness and turn to a research agenda aimed at improving human judgment accuracy with the assistance of algorithms that conceal information that has the potential to undermine performance. Finally, we propose interdisciplinary research questions.
Perceived Forcedness and Perils of Migration - Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Migrants in Receiving Countries
Authors: Niemann Lena , Hertel Guido
Published: November 2022

A successful integration of refugees is a key challenge for many receiving countries. Existing research advocates refugees' levels of experienced migration forcedness and associated perils as a key factor in this process. However, a standardized measure for these experiences is yet lacking. We introduce the PMF-Mig, a new questionnaire that captures migrants’ experiences of migration forcedness and associated perils after arrival in the receiving country. Based on theoretical considerations and a qualitative interview study with N = 22 migrants (68% male, 32% female; M(age) = 33.73, SD(age) = 5.91), we developed an initial set of 14 items, which was further validated in an online study with N = 244 migrants (52% male, 47% female, 1% no information; M(age) = 37.37, SD(age) = 9.16). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized four-dimensional factor structure, i.e., locus of causality, options for choice, pre-migration perils, and migration perils. In addition, results provided evidence for the reliability, construct validity, criterion validity, and sensitivity of the PMF-Mig. Overall, results support the PMF-Mig as a psychometrically sound measure. We discuss applications of this new measure in research and applied contexts.
Emulating future neurotechnology using magic
Authors: Olson Jay A. , Cyr Mariève , Artenie Despina Z. , Strandberg Thomas , Hall Lars , Tompkins Matthew Lawrence , Raz Amir , Johansson Petter
Published: November 2022

Recent developments in neuroscience and artificial intelligence have allowed machines to decode mental processes with growing accuracy. Neuroethicists have speculated that perfecting these technologies may result in reactions ranging from an invasion of privacy to an increase in self-understanding. Yet, evaluating these predictions is difficult because people are poor at forecasting their reactions. To address this, we developed a paradigm using elements of performance magic to emulate future neurotechnologies. We led 59 participants to believe that a (sham) neurotechnological machine could infer their preferences, detect their errors, and reveal their deep-seated attitudes. The machine gave participants randomly assigned positive or negative feedback about their brain’s supposed attitudes towards charity. Around 80% of participants in both groups provided rationalisations for this feedback, which shifted their attitudes in the manipulated direction but did not influence donation behaviour. Our paradigm reveals how people may respond to prospective neurotechnologies, which may inform neuroethical frameworks.
The Self-Programming System: A Skepticism-conformed Computational Framework of the Mind
Authors: Li Fangfang , Zhang Xiaojie
Published: November 2022

How the mind works is the ultimate mystery for human beings. To answer this question, one of the most significant insights is Kant’s argument that we can only perceive phenomena but not the essence of the external world. Following this idea, we formulated a novel computational framework to model the mind based on two assumptions: 1) The mind doesn’t assume the existence of the external objective world and its main task is to explore, establish and utilize persistent relationships between senses and actions. 2) Symbolic intermediate-level representation is necessary. We call this framework the self-programming system. Based on the self-programming system, we interpreted the nature of concepts, time, space, causality, and consciousness. Besides that, we also draw a conclusion to the mind-body problem. Specifically, the perspective that considers subjective experience as fundamental is compatible with the existence of the external world and that the physical body serves as the substrate of the mind. However, since the relationship is “compatible” rather than “cause”, skepticism can never be ruled out in principle. Furthermore, we have elucidated the nature of interpretation within the context of reductive physicalism. This serves to provide a clear understanding as to why the hard problem of consciousness is inherently unsolvable.
What Makes Me Matter? Investigating How and Why People Feel Significant
Authors: Prinzing Michael , Fredrickson Barbara , Sappenfield Catherine
Published: November 2022

There are various ways in which, and reasons why, people can think that they matter. In three studies (total N = 1,528 US adults and undergraduates) we investigated perceptions of mattering overall, to other people (generally), to close others (like family and friends), in one’s society, and in the grand scheme of the universe. Each was a distinct construct, displaying unique patterns of association with psychological traits and mental health outcomes, including perceived meaning in life and suicidal ideation. We content-coded participants’ explanations of their overall perceptions, finding that most participants mentioned people and other Earthly concerns, whereas few mentioned the cosmos. In a randomized, controlled experiment, participants reminded of the size of the universe perceived themselves to matter less in the cosmos, but more to close others. Overall, results demonstrate important differences between forms of perceived mattering and suggest that social factors play an outsized role in overall perceptions.
Reproducibility of published meta-analyses on clinical psychological interventions
Authors: Lopez-Nicolas Ruben , Lakens Daniel , López-López José A , Aparicio María Rubio , Sandoval-Lentisco Alejandro , López-Ibáñez Carmen , Blázquez-Rincón Desirée , Sánchez-Meca Julio
Published: November 2022

Meta-analysis is one of the most useful research approaches, the relevance of which relies on its credibility. Reproducibility of scientific results could be considered as the minimal threshold of this credibility. We assessed the reproducibility of a sample of meta-analyses published between 2000-2020. From a random sample of 100 papers reporting results of meta-analyses of interventions in clinical psychology, 217 meta-analyses were selected. We first tried to retrieve the original data by recovering a data file, recoding the data from document files, or requesting it from original authors. Second, through a multi stage workflow, we tried to reproduce the main results of each meta-analysis. The original data were retrieved for 67% (146/217) meta-analyses. While this rate showed an improvement over the years, in only 5% of these cases was it possible to retrieve a data file ready for reuse. Of these 146, 52 showed a discrepancy larger than 5% in the main results in the first stage. For 10 meta-analyses this discrepancy was solved after fixing a coding error of our data retrieval process and for 15 of them it was considered approximately reproduced in a qualitative assessment. In the remaining meta-analyses (18%, 27/146), different issues were identified in an in-depth review, such as reporting inconsistencies, lack of data, or transcription errors. Nevertheless, the numerical discrepancies were mostly minor, with little or no impact on the conclusions. Overall, one of the biggest threats to the reproducibility of meta-analysis is related to data availability and current data sharing practices in meta-analysis.
Blocking of Associative Learning by Explicit Descriptions
Authors: Kelly Thomas , Ludvig Elliot Andrew
Published: November 2022

People given written descriptions often learn and decide differently from those learning from experience, even in formally identical tasks. This paper presents two experiments detailing how telling participants about the value of one stimulus impacts a keystone learning effect – blocking. The paper investigates if descriptions can be used to effectively block future trial-by-trial learning. Participants were presented with coloured shape stimuli and asked if those shapes caused reward. Experiment 1 found both standard, trial-by-trial experienced blocking and the novel effect of described blocking of future trial-by-trial learning. Experiment 2 investigated the conditions that promote described blocking by manipulating the training that occurred prior to exposure to the description. In the Pre-training Present group, participants exposed to a training set of compound and elemental stimuli produced more pronounced blocking than the Pre-training Absent group, which had no such training. These results show that explicit descriptions about causal relations can block learning from subsequent experience, providing a new extension of associative learning toward the verbal domain.
Cohen’s Convention, the Seriousness of Errors, and the Body of Knowledge in Behavioral Science
Authors: Arslan Aran , Zenker Frank
Published: November 2022

An often-cited convention for discovery-oriented behavioral science research states that the general relative seriousness of the antecedently accepted false positive error rate of α = .05 be mirrored by a false negative error rate of β = .20. In 1965, Jacob Cohen proposed this convention to decrease a β-error typically in vast excess of .20. Thereby, we argue, Cohen (unintentionally) contributed to the wide acceptance of strongly uneven error rates in behavioral science. Although Cohen’s convention can appear epistemically reasonable for an individual researcher, the comparatively low probability that published effect size estimates are replicable renders his convention unreasonable for an entire scientific field. Appreciating Cohen’s convention helps to understand why even error rates (α = β) are “non-conventional” in behavioral science today, and why Cohen’s explanatory reason for β= .20—that resource restrictions keep from collecting larger samples—can easily be mistaken for the justificatory reason it is not. β = 0.20. Cohen’s convention not only ignores contexts of hypothesis testing where the more serious error is the β-error. Cohen’s convention also implies for discovery-oriented hypothesis testing research that a statistically significant observed effect is four times more probable to be a mistaken discovery than for a statistically significant true observed effect to be independently replicable. In the long run, Cohen’s convention thus is epistemically harmful to the development of a progressive science of human behavior, making its acceptance crucial in explaining the replication crisis in behavioral science. The balance between α- and β-errors generally ought to be struck using both epistemic and practical considerations. Yet epistemic considerations alone imply that making a genuine contribution to the body of knowledge in behavioral science requires error rates that are not only small but also symmetrical.
We've Come Full Circle: The Universality of People-Things and Data-Ideas as Core Dimensions of Vocational Interests
Authors: Etzel Julian M. , Krey Lara , Nagy Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Vocational interest research relies on interest taxonomies that partition the construct space of activity preferences into a small number of broad interest domains. To this day, the most widely used classification system is the RIASEC taxonomy (Holland, 1997), which distinguishes between six overarching interest domains. A central feature of this model is that the six domains are connected via a circular similarity structure, the circumplex, which is often described with the help of two orthogonal core dimensions: People-Things and Data-Ideas. In recent years, alternative interest taxonomies have been proposed, which suggest different partitionings of the construct space that are said to better reflect today’s world of work. Using the example of one such alternative, namely, the recently introduced SETPOINT model (Su et al., 2019), the current article argues that alternative taxonomies strongly reflect the underlying core dimensions that define the interest circumplex. Using a mixed online sample from Germany (N = 560), it is shown that 1) the main and subdomains of the SETPOINT model reflect a circular similarity structure, 2) this circular similarity structure is conceptually identical to the ones identified in previous research, and 3) the discriminatory power of the SETPOINT scales for occupational group membership can largely be traced back to the core dimensions of the interest circumplex.
Impaired quality of life due to COVID-19 induced olfactory dysfunction 15 months after confirmed infection
Authors: Winter Anja Lundkvist , Henecke Sofie , Lundström Johan N. , Thunell Evelina
Published: November 2022

Olfactory dysfunction is one of many long-lasting symptoms associated with COVID-19, estimated to affect approximately 60% of individuals and often lasting several months after infection. The associated daily life problems can cause a decreased quality of life. Here, we assessed the association between perceived quality of life and both qualitative and quantitative olfactory function (distorted and weakened sense of smell, respectively) in 58 individuals who had undergone confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and who complained about olfactory dysfunction. Participants with large quantitative olfactory dysfunction experienced a greater reduction in their quality of life. Moreover, our participants had a high prevalence of qualitative olfactory dysfunction (81%) with a significant correlation between qualitative olfactory dysfunction and daily life impairment. Strong drivers of low quality of life assessments were lack of enjoyment of food as well as worries related to coping with long-term dysfunctions. These results stress the clinical importance of assessing qualitative olfactory dysfunction and the need to develop relevant interventions. Given the poor self-rated quality of life observed, healthcare systems should consider developing support structures, dietary advice, and guidelines adapted to individuals experiencing qualitative olfactory dysfunction.
Dreaming and dream amnesia in the light of reactive and predictive homeostasis
Authors: Simor Péter , Peigneux Philippe , Bodizs Robert
Published: November 2022

Dreams are often viewed as fascinating but relatively irrelevant mental epihenomena of the sleeping mind with questionable or no functional relevance. Despite long hours of oneiric activity, and high individual differences in dream recall, dream amnesia is one of the most robust and universal features of dreaming. In this review, we conceptualize dreaming and dream amnesia as inherent aspects of the homeostatic functions of sleep and wakefulness. In this framework the temporal progression of sleep throughout the night is shaped by reactive and predictive homeostatic functions. Mental activity during sleep conforms to the dynamic interplay of restorative processes and future anticipation, and particularly during the second half of the night, unfolds as a special form of non-constrained, self-referent, and future-oriented cognitive process. Awakening facilitates constrained, goal-directed prospection that competes for shared neural resources with dream production and dream recall, and hence, contributes to dream amnesia. We present the neurophysiological aspects of reactive and predictive homeostasis during sleep, highlighting the putative role of nocturnal cortisol as well as the cortisol awakening response in predictive homeostasis and dream amnesia, respectively. The theoretical and methodological aspect of our proposal is discussed in relation to the study of dream recall, sleep-related cognitive processes and altered dreaming in sleep disorders.
Exploring the response code in a compatibility effect between physical size and left/right responses: The hand is more important than location
Authors: Seegelke Christian , Richter Melanie , Heed Tobias , Wühr Peter
Published: November 2022

The spatial-size association of response code (SSARC) effect refers to the finding of better performance with the left hand to small stimuli and with the right hand to large stimuli, as compared to the reverse mapping. In the present study, we investigated which response coding is responsible for the emergence of the SSARC effect. We observed a SSARC effect only with response selection between hands but not between fingers of one hand, indicating that the responses are coded relative to the body midline. Further, we observed a SSARC effect with parallel arms but not with crossed arms, suggesting that both the anatomical side of the effector and its external spatial position contribute to the response code. However, using a reaching task as compared to keypresses, the SSARC effect followed the arms, suggesting that the crucial spatial response code refers more strongly to the anatomical side of the effector rather than to the external spatial response position. These findings document a strong influence of anatomically- or body-based coding on the SSARC effect, are at odds with the proposition of a generalized magnitude system that utilizes a common, external-spatial metric, and point toward a categorical nature of response codes underlying the SSARC.
TenseMusic: An automatic prediction model for musical tension
Authors: Barchet Alice Vivien , Rimmele Johanna M. , Pelofi Claire
Published: November 2022

The perception of tension and release dynamics constitutes one of the essential aspects of music listening. However, modeling musical tension to predict perception of listeners has been a challenge to researchers. Seminal work demonstrated that tension is reported consistently by listeners and can be accurately predicted from a discrete set of musical features, combining them into a weighted sum of slopes reflecting their combined dynamics over time. However, previous modeling approaches lack an automatic pipeline for feature extraction that would make them widely accessible to researchers in the field. Here, we present TenseMusic: an open-source automatic predictive tension model that operates with a musical audio as the only input. Using state-of-the-art music information retrieval (MIR) methods, it automatically extracts a set of six features (i.e., loudness, pitch height, tonal tension, roughness, tempo, and onset frequency) to use as predictors for musical tension. The algorithm was optimized using Lasso regression to best predict behavioral tension ratings collected on a variety of pieces. Its performance was then tested by assessing the correlation between the predicted tension and unseen continuous behavioral tension ratings. We hope that providing the research community with this well-validated open-source tool for predicting musical tension will motivate further work in music cognition and contribute to elucidate the neural and cognitive correlates of tension dynamics for various musical genres and cultures.
Human Development 1770-2100: The Essentials
Authors: Lind Niels
Published: November 2022

An indicator of the UNDP ‘Essentials’ of Human Development worldwide is derived from two axioms and used to show how we have developed historically since 1770, and how it will continue until 2100 if we follow one of three forecast Socioeconomic Pathways of Climate Change. The Essentials - Health, Education and Income - are quantified by the Development Progress Index DPI with the Equal Marginal Utility Principle applied to our collective allocation of effort. Each country or region at any time has a DPI-value, placing it at point along a common path of human progress, behind or ahead of the World average by just a generation or two. Progress has been continuous almost everywhere, and Development worldwide grew from 1770 to 2000 by a factor of 13. The DPI also quantifies the rate of progress, which has been impressive in some countries, mostly Asian.The caveats are obvious, given overpopulation and climate change. Inequality is increasingly as important as overall well-being. Still, for the remainder of this century, by the DPI worldwide on average and widespread, human life in its essentials is projected to grow more ‘valuable’ than in 2000 by 40 to 220 percent.
T. rex is Fierce, T. rex is Charismatic, T. rex is Litigious: Disruptive Objects in Affective Desirescapes
Authors: Yates Donna , Peacock Emily
Published: November 2022

In this paper we present T. rex fossils as disruptive objects that have the ability to drastically influence the actions and reactions of humans that encounter them. We present a vision of the T. rex as being a key node within a web of human and object associations that ultimately produces, first, extreme desire in humans, and then a breakdown in human relationships resulting in disagreements, disputes, lawsuits, and the committing of crime. From there we bring these T. rex fossils into the concept of desirescape which sees a network of object/object and object/human reactions provoking irresistible desire in humans. We argue that this desire can push humans to violate law or social norms or, in several T. rex cases, sue each other. How then should we humans approach T. rex and other disruptive objects? Cautiously, and with the knowledge that these objects may be more powerful than we are.
Spatiotemporal patterns on the appearance of the first trapezes industries in the Late Mesolithic of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gómez-Puche Magdalena , de Pablo Javier Fernandez Lopez
Published: November 2022

The first appearance and subsequent spread of trapeze industries in Western Europe has been recurrently addressed in connection to Neolithization processes and grounded in techno-typological analysis focused on the opposition between two technological systems. However, the precise chronology of its onset as well as the underlaying mechanism of their diffusion remains as an open question. Comprehensive previous works have systematized the archaeological information and radiocarbon dates available, demonstrating the speed of the process. In this paper, we critically evaluate and analyze the lithic assemblages and radiocarbon record of the Iberian Peninsula to identify the spatiotemporal pattern of the appearance of Late Mesolithic blade and trapeze lithic industries. We find that trapezes industries appeared in the Iberian archaeological record in between 8600-8400 cal BP, spreading from the Western Pyrenees, following a northeast-southwest geographic gradient, to subsequently reach Central Portugal at c.8300 cal BP. The high diffusion rates for this dispersal process advocates for the hypothesis of social diffusion of technologies within Mesolithic socio-spatial structures as the main driving mechanism.