bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do the indices based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations measure adherence to healthy and sustainable diets? A comparison of measurement performance in adults from a French national survey
Authors: Miranda Agustín R. , Vieux Florent , Maillot Matthieu , Verger Eric O.
Published: May 2024

Measuring adherence to EAT-Lancet recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets is challenging, leading to diverse methods and a lack of consensus on standardized metrics. Available indices vary mainly in scoring systems, food components, units, energy adjustments, and cut-off points. We aimed to evaluate and compare the measurement performance of six dietary indices for assessing adherence to EAT-Lancet reference diet. Food consumption data of 1,723 adults were obtained from the French Third Individual and National Study on Food Consumption Survey (INCA3, 2014-2015). Sociodemographic, nutritional, and environmental data were used to assess the validity and reliability of dietary indices. Results showed that the four indices assessing their food components with quantitative scoring captured dietary variability, were less dependent on energy intake and converged to a large extent with nutritional indicators. While the two binary indices showed a stronger correlation with environmental indicators, one quantitative index converged with both domains. Indices had valid unidimensional structures, meaning that the combination of food components within each index accurately reflects the same construct and supporting the use of total scores. Furthermore, the indices differed between sociodemographic groups, demonstrating concurrent criterion validity. Higher scores were associated with higher nutritional quality and lower environmental impact, but with unfavourable results for zinc intake, vitamin B12 and water use. A low concordance rate (from 32% to 43%) indicated that indices categorized individuals differently. Researchers must align study objectives with the applicability, assumptions, and functional significance of chosen indices. Indices using quantitative scoring allow a global understanding of dietary health and sustainability, being advantageous in precision-focused research, such as clinical trials or epidemiological research. Conversely, indices based on binary scoring offer a simplified perspective, being valuable tools for surveys, observational studies, and public health. Recognizing their strengths and limitations is crucial for a comprehensive assessment of diets and understanding their implications.
Purchase, consumption, and ownership of chickens and chicken products among households in Maputo, Mozambique: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shioda Kayoko , Lamar Frederica , Mucache Hermógenes Neves , Marri Anushka Reddy , Chew Jhanel , Levy Karen , Freeman Matthew
Published: May 2024

Background

Chickens are an important source of animal protein, nutrition, and income in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). They are also a major reservoir of enteropathogens that contribute to the burden of illnesses among children. Food systems present a risk for transmission of enteropathogens from poultry to humans, but there is a lack of population-level data on the pattern of purchase, ownership, and consumption of live chickens and their products in LMICs to better characterize that risk.

Methods

To assess chicken purchase, ownership, and consumption practices, we conducted a population-based survey using a structured questionnaire in Maputo, Mozambique in 2021. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to obtain a representative sample of households in our study area. To minimize sampling bias and ensure a representative sample, we applied survey weighting using district-level population data and estimated weighted population-level values.

Results

Heads of 570 households in Maputo completed our survey. Approximately half of these households purchased broiler chicken meat (weighted percentage of households: 44.8%) and eggs (46.5%) in the previous week of the survey date, while indigenous chicken meat was less popular (1,950, 1.1%). The most common source of chicken products was corner stores (i.e., small convenience shops on streets), followed by wet markets. Live chickens were raised by 15.6% of households, and chicken feces were observed on the floor or ground at the majority of these households during house visits.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that poultry provides a major source of animal protein in this setting. With the predicted growth of poultry farming in LMICs in the coming decades, ensuring food safety at the primary sources of chicken products (corner stores and wet markets) in urban areas will be critical to mitigate health risks.
Parallel phosphoproteomics and metabolomics map the global metabolic tyrosine phosphoproteome
Authors: Hillis Alissandra L. , Tamir Tigist , Perry Grace E. , Asara John M. , Johnson Jared L. , Yaron Tomer M. , Cantley Lewis C. , White Forest M. , Toker Alex
Published: May 2024

Tyrosine phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification that facilitates rapid and reversible modulation of enzyme activity, localization or function. Despite the high abundance of tyrosine phosphorylation events detected on metabolic enzymes in high-throughput mass spectrometry-based studies, functional characterization of tyrosine phosphorylation sites has been limited to a subset of enzymes. Since tyrosine phosphorylation is dysregulated across human diseases, including cancer, understanding the consequences of metabolic enzyme tyrosine phosphorylation events is critical for informing disease biology and therapeutic interventions. To globally identify metabolic enzyme tyrosine phosphorylation events and simultaneously assign functional significance to these sites, we performed parallel phosphoproteomics and polar metabolomics in non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the absence or presence of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib. We performed an integrated analysis of the phosphoproteomic and metabolomic datasets to identify tyrosine phosphorylation sites on metabolic enzymes with functional consequences. We identified two previously characterized (PKM, PGAM1) and two novel (GSTP1, GLUD1) tyrosine phosphorylation sites on metabolic enzymes with purported functions based on metabolomic analyses. We validated these hits using a doxycycline-inducible CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system in MCF10A cells, in which target metabolic enzymes were depleted with simultaneous re-expression of wild-type, phosphomutant or phosphomimetic isoforms. Together, these data provide a framework for identification, prioritization and characterization of tyrosine phosphorylation sites on metabolic enzymes with functional significance.
Complexity of fermionic states
Authors: Vanhala Tuomas I. , Ojanen Teemu
Published: May 2024

How much information does a fermionic state contain? To address this fundamental question, we define the complexity of a particle-conserving many-fermion state as the entropy of its Fock space probability distribution, minimized over all Fock representations. The complexity characterizes the minimum computational and physical resources required to represent the state and store the information obtained from it by measurements. Alternatively, the complexity can be regarded as a Fock space entanglement measure describing the intrinsic many-particle entanglement in the state. We establish a universal lower bound for the complexity in terms of the single-particle correlation matrix eigenvalues and formulate a finite-size complexity scaling hypothesis. Remarkably, numerical studies on interacting lattice models suggest a general model-independent complexity hierarchy: ground states are exponentially less complex than average excited states, which, in turn, are exponentially less complex than generic states in the Fock space. Our work has fundamental implications on how much information is encoded in fermionic states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum Dichotomies and Coherent Thermodynamics beyond First-Order Asymptotics
Authors: Lipka-Bartosik Patryk , Chubb Christopher T. , Renes Joseph M. , Tomamichel Marco , Korzekwa Kamil
Published: May 2024

We address the problem of exact and approximate transformation of quantum dichotomies in the asymptotic regime, i.e., the existence of a quantum channel E mapping ρ1⊗n into ρ2⊗Rnn with an error ϵn (measured by trace distance) and σ1⊗n into σ2⊗Rnn exactly, for a large number n. We derive second-order asymptotic expressions for the optimal transformation rate Rn in the small-, moderate-, and large-deviation error regimes, as well as the zero-error regime, for an arbitrary pair (ρ1,σ1) of initial states and a commuting pair (ρ2,σ2) of final states. We also prove that for σ1 and σ2 given by thermal Gibbs states, the derived optimal transformation rates in the first three regimes can be attained by thermal operations. This allows us, for the first time, to study the second-order asymptotics of thermodynamic state interconversion with fully general initial states that may have coherence between different energy eigenspaces. Thus, we discuss the optimal performance of thermodynamic protocols with coherent inputs and describe three novel resonance phenomena allowing one to significantly reduce transformation errors induced by finite-size effects. What is more, our result on quantum dichotomies can also be used to obtain, up to second-order asymptotic terms, optimal conversion rates between pure bipartite entangled states under local operations and classical communication.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of green construction procurement practices on the success of circular economy in Ghana
Authors: Kwasafo Oscar Kwame , Adinyira Emmanuel , Agyekum Kofi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates the impact of green construction procurement practices (GCPPs) on circular economy (CE) success by identifying environmentally sustainable procurement practices that can promote a CE in the construction industry. The goal was to promote circularity in construction through GCPPs.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was adopted and purposively selected 100 respondents for a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Data from the questionnaire survey were analysed using mean score ranking, One-sample t-test and regression analysis.

Findings

The study found that using on-site systematic waste management, project stakeholder commitment and support for green practices and environmental requirements in technical specifications, significantly impact CE success in construction, with a 12.8% variance in CE when green procurement is practised. This implies that GCPPs have positive repercussions on CE success, where the CE success is expected to change as GCPPs levels increase.

Practical implications

The study provides insights into green procurement, promoting its use in infrastructure development and aiding clients, particularly in the government sector with insights into the challenges and practices involved in green procurement. Practitioners can also benefit from better implementing CE strategies to draft and manage contracts for infrastructure projects that prioritize circularity.

Originality/value

The limited impact of GCPPs on advancing CE principles in construction suggests policy and practice must strengthen procurement requirements to fully leverage spending and drive the sector’s transition towards a circular model. Also, novel insight is provided into the most effective types of GCPPs for promoting CE success, aiding policymakers in optimizing construction procurement strategies.
An investigation of risk-based auditing (RBA) relationships from the stakeholders' perspective using PLS-SEM
Authors: Moschidis Stratos , Drogalas George , Chatzipetrou Evrikleia , Lois Petros
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The present paper aims at the identification of the critical variables of risk-based auditing (RBA). The variables under examination are the internal audit (IA), the audit committee (AC) and the cooperation between the RBA and the stakeholders (audit committee, external auditors, internal auditors, board of directors, fraud investigators, chief risk manager) (COOP).

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 176 Greek companies. The questionnaires were addressed to accountants, internal auditors, managers, chief risk managers and the board of directors. A total of 96 questionnaires have been collected and analyzed. PLS-SEM modeling was used as a tool to test hypotheses and analyze the findings.

Findings

The results show that three variables, i.e. the internal audit, the audit committee and the RBA cooperation with stakeholders have a statistically significant and positive effect on risk-based auditing (RBA). Additionally, the existence of partial-complementary mediation of the internal audit in the audit committee-RBA interaction is confirmed.

Originality/value

This study is an original research that identifies the essential variables of risk-based auditing in Greek companies. It attempts to analyze the perceptions of all stakeholders in risk-based auditing, including the internal audit, the audit committee, etc. and is not restricted only on internal auditors. Furthermore, the analysis is conducted with PLS-SEM Modeling, which is an innovative tool of testing hypotheses and analyzing results.
Predicting of aging population density by a hybrid grey exponential smoothing model (HGESM): a case study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayaka R.M. Kapila Tharanga , Seneviratna D.M.K.N.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The global population has been experiencing an unprecedentedly rapid demographic transition as the populations have been growing older in many countries during the current decades. The purpose of this study is to introduce a Grey Exponential Smoothing model (GESM)-based mechanism for analyzing population aging.

Design/methodology/approach

To analyze the aging population of Sri Lanka, initially, three major indicators were considered, i.e. total population, aged population and proportion of the aged population to reflect the aging status of a country. Based on the latest development of computational intelligence with Grey techniques, this study aims to develop a new analytical model for the analysis of the challenge of disabled and frail older people in an aging society.

Findings

The results suggested that a well-defined exponential trend has been seen for the population ages 65 and above, a total of a million) during 1960–2022; especially, the aging population ages 65 and above has been rising rapidly since 2008. This will increase to 24.8% in 2040 and represents the third highest percentage of elderly citizens living in an Asian country. By 2041, one in every four Sri Lankans is expected to be elderly.

Originality/value

The study proposed a GESM-based mechanism for analyzing the population aging in Sri Lanka based on the data from 1960 to 2022 and forecast the aging demands in the next five years from 2024 to 2028.
Is academic innovation need of an hour? The role of intellectual capital and dynamic capabilities in driving academic performance
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad Hamid , Durrani Muhammad Kashif , Sharif Shahbaz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the connections between intellectual capital and academic performance in Lahore, Pakistan’s higher education institutions (HEIs). The research delves into the mediation effect of dynamic capabilities, such as acquisition and exploitation, between intellectual capital and innovation within these educational institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded in the insights from a comprehensive literature review, the methodology uses a pre-tested questionnaire. Faculty members from private universities in Pakistan were chosen as the study's unit of analysis. Using a convenience sampling technique, data was gathered from 342 teachers and then analyzed using Smart (PLS) 3.3.3.

Findings

The results demonstrate that intellectual capital positively affects innovation. Acquisition and exploitation further mediate this influence, improving academic performance. Applying the knowledge-based view theory, the study confirmed the significance of all the posited hypotheses, underlining the positive interrelationships within Pakistan’s academic institutions.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research lies in its specific focus on the HEIs in Pakistan, demonstrating how intellectual capital and dynamic capabilities foster innovation, thereby enabling these institutions to maintain a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving educational landscape.
The role of noncognitive skills in educational mismatch: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Shiyang , Ma Weibiao , Deng Nanxin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of noncognitive skills on educational mismatch in the context of China and to further explore the potential mechanisms concerning how noncognitive skills determine mismatch outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the Chinese Family Panel Survey of 2018, which provides the Big Five Personality Inventory to assess respondents' noncognitive skills and contains information on educational mismatch. The authors estimate the effects of noncognitive skills on educational mismatch by means of a probit model. Additionally, the correlated random effects (CRE) model and instrumental variable (IV) approach have also been exploited in the robust checks.

Findings

The findings show that the composite score of noncognitive skills reduces the probability of being overeducated and, conversely, increases the likelihood of being undereducated. When distinguishing the effects of different personality traits, the authors find significantly negative effects of agreeableness and openness on overeducation and a positive effect of openness on undereducation. With regard to heterogeneous analysis, the effects of noncognitive skills on educational mismatch exist mostly among white-collar employees and employees with fewer than 5 years of work experience. Finally, the authors provide two likely mechanisms related to job search effort and social capital, followed by the presentation of supporting evidence.

Practical implications

The results of this paper underline the importance of noncognitive skills in raising the quality of jobs that individuals can obtain. This suggests that the development of noncognitive skills should be encouraged to be integrated into formal education systems and social job training programs in China.

Originality/value

Despite a growing interest in its consequences in the labor market, the role of noncognitive skills in determining educational mismatch has rarely been discussed in developing countries. This study provides the first evidence regarding the effects of noncognitive skills on education mismatch in China. It contributes to the research on noncognitive skills' labor market outcomes and enhances the understanding of the factors driving educational mismatch.
The impact of social innovation on environmentally friendly product involvement
Authors: Güven Tayfun , Çam F. Burcu , Bilgili Bilsen , Erci̇ş Aysel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Involvement plays a crucial role in understanding consumer behavior. In recent years, the concept of social innovation has gained momentum, resulting in the development of eco-friendly products and initiatives to tackle societal issues. This trend is driven by consumers, who are increasingly aware of the social benefits of the products they buy. The present study aims to investigate how socially innovative, environmentally conscious consumers can influence their engagement with eco-friendly products.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers aimed to investigate the “impact of social innovation on involvement in environmentally friendly products.” They selected active members of various environmental organizations operating in the country to conduct the study. Convenience sampling was used to reach out to these members, and the managers of these organizations sent an electronic questionnaire to all members' email addresses.

Findings

The study found that socially innovative, environmentally conscious consumers tend to be more interested in the symbolic meaning and pleasure of products, leading to a decrease in perceived risk and risk importance.

Originality/value

There are limited studies examining the relationship between social innovation and product innovation. Therefore, the novelty of this research lies in its exploration of the relationship between these two concepts. Unlike previous studies, this research found a negative relationship between the dimensions of risk importance and risk probability. This result was interpreted as environmentally friendly products being sensitive to public welfare and not being perceived as risky by environmentalists.
The individual nature of cultural friction in cross-border M&As: exploring the role of face when working with Asian counterparts
Authors: Durand Muriel , Lamotte Olivier , Thomas Mark
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address a significant gap in the literature by exploring the individual nature and microfoundation perspective of cultural friction during the integration phase following cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs). It focuses on the role of face, a pivotal facet of interactions within Asian organizations, elucidating its importance in post-M&A integration outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a conceptual approach, this study draws on three bodies of literature, namely, cultural friction, microfoundations and face concerns. It reconsiders cultural friction as a microfounded construct and introduces face concerns as a pivotal element to understanding the challenges faced by managers at the forefront of CBMAs involving Asian companies. The conceptual approach is illustrated with examples for the world of practice.

Findings

This research makes two significant contributions to the fields of CBMAs and cultural friction. First, it demonstrates the relevance of the concept of cultural friction at the individual level, shedding light on the complex post-CBMA integration process. Second, this study demonstrates the critical role of face concerns in the sociocultural integration following CBMAs. This is underexplored in extant literature.

Originality/value

The crucial role of face is well known to those working in Asia. Yet academic inquiry remains underdeveloped on this issue for CBMAs. The friction derived from face concerns provides additional insights into the nature of the cultural challenges confronting managers during sociocultural integration and elucidates the micro-mechanisms influencing individuals’ responses to cultural friction. This research responds to calls to examine the human side of M&As uncovering previously neglected issues within intercultural managerial encounters.
Principal rotation in China: policy goals and succession strategies adopted by rotated principals
Authors: Zheng Yulian , Qian Haiyan , Chen Shuangye , Walker Allan David
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study examines principal rotation in China to gain empirical insights from the policy analysis and succession strategies that principals employ to gain internal and external support in their new schools.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed document analysis and a case study approach. Interviews were conducted with officials in 5 local educational agencies and 40 principals from 5 different regions who were undergoing rotation. Thematic analysis was used to identify common patterns and themes in the interview responses.

Findings

We explored how the principal-rotation policy was implemented, including the goals, standards, targeted principals, tools and other aspects of the policy in China. The study revealed the challenges faced by the rotated principals and their succession strategies.

Originality/value

Our study contributes to the field of educational leadership by shedding light on the implementation and impact of principal rotation in mainland China.
Re-visit project success: evaluation of visitor perspectives in the Sungai Melaka flood mitigation project
Authors: Shahrin Farah , Abu Hassan Zerafinas , Zahit Ross Azura
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This interdisciplinary study re-evaluates the Sungai Melaka flood mitigation project’s impact on community success in Malaysia’s UNESCO World Heritage site, broadening the definition of success considering historical and cultural significance. This study aims to revisit success metrics, focusing on the project’s influence on people’s interactions, cultural well-being, social cohesion and heritage preservation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study explored visitors’ reviews of their experience visiting Sungai Melaka in several data collection stages. The first data collection involved a Web survey posted on Facebook to capture diverse perspectives of the population and grasp the core strand of knowledge to focus on the second data collection, the questionnaire. The final stage involved interviews to generate rich qualitative data.

Findings

The findings of this study revealed that the impact exceeded tangible outcomes, as the project impacted people’s interactions and practices. This research assesses cultural benefits, incorporating these indicators into evaluating cultural ecosystem services by capturing local visitors’ and communities’ perceptions, preferences and behaviours. The findings found that other project success attributes include identities, capabilities and experience, further defining learning, health, economics, connection to nature and symbolism.

Originality/value

This research explores the meaning of project success beyond the traditional metrics by capturing success from the users’ perspectives and people’s interaction and their impact on culture and well-being. The cultural ecosystem services framework used in this study is applied to explore the interactions between people and the facility and its effect on the people.
Does environmental, social and governance performance affect acquisition premium?
Authors: Zrigui Mouna , Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima
Published: May 2024

Purpose

From a target perspective, this paper aims to examine the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transaction valuations.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a sample of 629 international transactions conducted between 2002 and 2020. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was applied by using ESG aggregate score and the three ESG pillars: environment, social and governance.

Findings

This paper finds that the ESG performance of targets has a negative and significant impact on acquisition premiums. However, this paper finds that targets receive lower premiums by increasing their ESG score, suggesting that targets would do better to focus on ESG to increase shareholder wealth. Thus, results of this paper support the view that ESG-focused firms create shareholder value through the M&A process. Furthermore, results of this paper indicate that environmental and social aspects of ESG drive the acquisition premium. The governance score does not seem to be related to acquisition premiums.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study to assess whether ESG performance impacts the valuation of M&A transactions by decomposing ESG into its three components.
Safety and effectiveness of guselkumab in Japanese patients with psoriasis: 20‐week interim analysis of a postmarketing surveillance study
Authors: Tada Yayoi , Sugiura Yukako , Kamishima Manami , Tanaka Yoshihito , Tsuchiya Hiroaki , Masuda Junya , Yamanaka Keiichi
Published: May 2024

A 52‐week postmarketing surveillance study was initiated to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of guselkumab, a human anti–interleukin 23 subunit p19 monoclonal antibody, in Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic arthritis, generalized pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis in real‐world practice. Here, we report results of the 20‐week interim analysis of the ongoing postmarketing surveillance study. Patients who received guselkumab between May 2018 (the date of commercial launch in Japan) and October 2020 were registered in this study. In total, 411 and 245 patients were included in the safety and effectiveness analysis sets, respectively. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 6.6% (27 of 411) and serious ADRs in 2.2% (nine of 411) of patients. The most frequent ADRs by System Organ Class were “Infections and infestations” (2.4%), with nasopharyngitis being the most frequently observed ADR (0.7%). The mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index score decreased from 11.6 at baseline to 6.5 at week 4 and 2.2 at week 20, with improvements achieving statistical significance at each time point. Clinical Global Impression, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index outcomesalso showed substantial improvements. Our findings demonstrate that guselkumab is well tolerated and effective in Japanese patients with psoriasis through 20 weeks of treatment in real‐world clinical practice, showing significant effectiveness observed as early as 4 weeks. The study was officially registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry with the identifier UMIN000032969.
A Bayesian analysis of adaptation of mountain grassland production to global change
Authors: Elleaume Nicolas , Locatelli Bruno , Oszwald Johan , Crouzat Emilie , Lavorel Sandra
Published: May 2024

In mountains, grasslands managed for livestock production sustain local economies, culture and identity. However, their future fodder production is highly uncertain under climate change: While an extended growing season may be beneficial, more frequent and intense summer droughts could also reduce fodder quantity and quality. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are another major driver of grassland biomass production, but combined effects of future land use transitions and climate change are rarely quantified.

We modelled combined climate and LULC scenarios for grassland production of the Maurienne Valley (French Alps) by 2085. We built a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) from long‐term grassland production monitoring data complemented with expert knowledge. We assessed the potential of two candidate adaptations, intensification as an incremental solution and silvopastoralism as a transformative solution to compensate combined impacts of two climate scenarios and three land use change scenarios.

Total biomass production was far more sensitive to LULC than to climate scenarios. Production losses were largest under the conservation LULC scenario (−28% on average between 2020 and 2085), followed by the tourism development scenario (−7%) and the business‐as‐usual scenario (+3%). Climate change under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 altered the seasonality of production by increasing potential production from May to July while decreasing summer regrowth.

Synthesis and applications: Changes in LULC are more decisive for global biomass production than climate change. However, under the most extreme climate change scenario (RCP8.5), the seasonal shift in production and increased interannual variability threaten the current grass‐based protected designation of origin (PDO) production system. Only the intensification adaptation solution showed significant gains in total biomass production. Still, the silvopastoralism would require less investment compared to the intensification and have a similar efficiency when assessing the gains of biomass by the surface concerned with adaptation solutions. Along with decreased total annual production due to decreasing grassland area compounded by more extreme climate change, the seasonal shift in production and increased interannual variability threaten the current grass‐based PDO production system. Further Bayesian modelling co‐developed with local stakeholders and experts could greatly contribute to adaptation planning of the regional production system.
Problems in Dealing with Problems: How Breakdowns in Corrective Culture Lead to Institutional Failure
Authors: Hald E. Julie , Gillespie Alex , Reader Tom W.
Published: May 2024

Although research investigating how organizational culture contributes to institutional failure has extensively conceptualized the causal factors (e.g. norms for behaving unsafely), how culture prevents such problems from being corrected is less well theorized. We synthesize theory on accidents, resilience and reliability and organizational learning to develop a conceptual model of ‘corrective culture’. This relates to distributed norms and behaviours for three interconnected elements: the detection of problems (‘identification’), appreciation of their meaning (‘interpretation’) and responses to prevent harm (‘action’). To investigate the model, and its role in institutional failure, we combined natural language processing and qualitative analysis to examine 54 UK public inquiries published during 1990–2020. Our mixed‐methods analysis found that distributed malfunctions in identifying, interpreting and acting on problems cause a breakdown in organizations’ ‘corrective loops’, which enables originating problems to compound and grow (e.g. risky, unsafe or poor conduct) and cause an institutional failure. We theorize that double‐loop learning is required to prevent this, whereby strong and unambiguous feedback compels organizations to acknowledge and address their problems in dealing with problems, thus enabling them to correctly identify, interpret and act on originating issues and thus prevent a spiral into failure.
Self‐reported respiratory and gastrointestinal outcomes in children with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Eastwood Mary Patrice , Van der Veeken Lennart , Joyeux Luc , Salazar Laura , Otano Juan , d'Souza Rashmi , Sidler Martin , Russo Francesca Maria , Prat Jordi , de Coppi Paolo , Gratacós Eduard , Deprest Jan
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate medium‐term self‐reported respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) outcomes in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Design

Self‐reported respiratory and GI outcomes correlated with prenatal severity indicators.

Setting

Prospective study at three fetal medicine units.

Population

Families of children prenatally diagnosed with isolated, left‐sided CDH surviving for >1 year.

Methods

Families received validated questionnaires for GI outcomes (Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised, I‐GERQ‐R, for infants aged <2 years, or Paediatric Gastro‐oesophageal Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire, PGSQ, for children aged aged 2‐8 years or >9 years) and respiratory outcomes (preschool respiratory outcome questionnaire, for children aged ≤5 years, or the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood asthma questionnaire, for children aged 6–8 years or ≥9 years). Prenatal data collected from the medical records included lung size (percentage observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio, O/E LHR %), liver position, fetal endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) gestational age (GA) at delivery, and perinatal data included birthweight, location, patch repair and respiratory support.

Main outcome measures

The GI and respiratory scores were correlated with O/E LHR using linear and logistic regression models. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate associations with perinatal variables.

Results

We obtained 142 responses from 342 families (representing a response rate of 45%). The baseline characteristics of participants and non‐participants were comparable. No correlations between perinatal variables and respiratory or GI scores were identified. Children aged ≤5 years with lower O/E LHR values reported higher respiratory scores (P = 0.0175); this finding was not reported in older children. Overall, the children who underwent FETO (n = 51) had GI (P = 0.290) and respiratory (P = 0.052) scores that were comparable with those of children who were expectantly managed.

Conclusions

Families and children with prenatally diagnosed CDH reported fewer respiratory symptoms with increasing age. There was no correlation between O/E LHR or the use of FETO and self‐reported outcomes.
Prisms of Possibility: Biographically situated insights on the transformative potential of sustainable affordable housing
Authors: Hernández Diana
Published: May 2024

Rooted in my upbringing in the South Bronx and informed by my extensive equity‐focused research on housing, energy, and health, alongside practical experience in small‐scale, place‐based real estate, I advocate for a more nuanced and holistic approach to understanding and achieving “sustainable affordable housing.” By challenging the conventional emphasis on environmental and economic sustainability, I argue that social realities must also take precedence in this endeavor. Drawing from my lived experiences and expertise, I propose viewing housing and neighborhoods through a population lens to drive equitable, intergenerational progress. In this commentary, I present three innovative strategies to harness the transformative potential of sustainable affordable housing. Bold Idea #1 emphasizes community‐based, non‐profit‐led retrofits, maintenance, and property management, while Bold Idea #2 champions legacy housing placements. Bold Idea #3 focuses on promoting moderate income housing and homeownership opportunities. These bold propositions aim to propel sustainable affordable housing beyond its current constraints, positioning it as a true catalyst for positive social change.
Zoonotic bacterial and parasitic intestinal pathogens in foxes, raccoons and other predators from eastern Germany
Authors: Kittl Sonja , Frey Caroline F. , Brodard Isabelle , Scalisi Nadia , Vargas Amado Maria Elena , Thomann Andreas , Schierack Peter , Jores Joerg
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated faecal specimens from legally hunted and road‐killed red foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs, badgers and martens in Germany for parasites and selected zoonotic bacteria. We found that Baylisascaris procyonis, a zoonotic parasite of raccoons, had spread to northeastern Germany, an area previously presumed to be free of this parasite. We detected various pathogenic bacterial species from the genera Listeria, Clostridium (including baratii), Yersinia and Salmonella, which were analysed using whole‐genome sequencing. One isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica contained a virulence plasmid. The Salmonella Cholerasuis isolate encoded an aminoglycoside resistance gene and a parC point mutation, conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin. We also found tetracycline resistance genes in Paeniclostridium sordellii and Clostridium baratii. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates were polyclonal, indicating the absence of specific wildlife‐adapted clones. Predators, which scavenge from various sources including human settlements, acquire and spread zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, their role should not be overlooked in the One Health context.
Like a Phoenix from the Ashes: Management Control and Organizational Resilience During NASA's Apollo and Space Shuttle Programs
Authors: Tucker Basil P. , Alewine Hank C.
Published: May 2024

This study draws on archival sources to investigate the ways in which management control may contribute to and support organizational resilience by analyzing crises from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Apollo (1961–1972) and Space Shuttle (1972–2011) programs. Both programs suffered significant events with tragic consequences. A fire killed three astronauts during a launch rehearsal test of Apollo 1. During the Space Shuttle program, the Challenger broke apart shortly after launch, and the Columbia disintegrated upon re‐entering Earth's atmosphere; both tragedies resulted in the death of all seven crew members. NASA's recovery from the three disasters and subsequent achievements exemplifies organizational resilience. This study analyzes and discusses how management control contributed to such efforts, which enabled the space programs to rise like a phoenix from the ashes of crises which could have very well led to the abandonment of the United States’ spacefaring endeavours.
Bridging the evidence‐to‐practice gap: exploring dental professionals' perspectives on managing oral health during pregnancy in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Wilson A , Bridgman H , Bettiol S , Crocombe L , Hoang H
Published: May 2024

Background

Poor oral health is associated with adverse health, social and economic consequences for pregnant women. While dental professionals promote good oral health within the dental practice context, more broadly, women in the antenatal period face poor oral health outcomes. Therefore, this study explored dental professionals' perceptions of their role in managing the oral health of pregnant women and identified the barriers and facilitators to improving maternal oral health.

Methods

This study employed a descriptive qualitative method utilizing semi‐structured interviews. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit 13 dental professionals from Tasmania, Australia, comprising dentists (n = 10), oral health therapists (n = 2) and dental therapist (n = 1). Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three major themes were constructed from the interviews: (1) dental professionals' oral health care of women during pregnancy; (2) perceived challenges to maternal oral health; and (3) proposed strategies to improve maternal oral health.

Conclusions

Findings suggest dental professionals' competence in maternal oral health, but that several barriers, such as dental care access and maternal factors, hinder oral health outcomes. To address these barriers, oral health policies that support interprofessional collaboration, professional training and evaluation of existing community oral health programmes are needed. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
Apparent anti‐parasite behaviour in the Norfolk Island green parrot Cyanoramphus cookii
Authors: Olsen Penny , Dempsey‐Wood Alex , Tavener Neil , Tavener Judy , Ortiz‐Catedral Luis
Published: May 2024

Birds must cope with all manner of ectoparasites, from insects and mites to bacteria and fungi. During their grooming routine, several Norfolk Island green parrots Cyanoramphus cookii were observed and photographed, and a pair was videoed, biting off and chewing small pieces of lateral shoot and bark of pepper trees Piper excelsum and working the chewed material through their feathers. They also stripped the leaves and rubbed their beaks along the branches before extracting preen oil. Pepper trees are a well‐known source of piperine and other potent aromatic chemicals that are insect repellent and antimicrobial. This appears to be a rare example of a bird using plant material to anoint themselves, which we interpret as a way to repel blood‐sucking insects and ectoparasites and, possibly, void endoparasites, thereby improving fitness.
Comprehensive Asset Pricing Tests in the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Bae Jaewan , Kang Jangkoo , Park Jun
Published: May 2024

We examine the empirical performance in the Korean stock market of three new asset pricing factor models: the Stambaugh–Yuan (2017) mispricing factor model, the Daniel et al. (2020) three‐factor model, Barillas‐Shanken (2018) six‐factor model and the Hou et al. (2021) q5‐factor model. We find that all factors in these factor models have significantly positive risk premiums and are not explained by the Fama–French six‐factor model. Compared to other prevalent models, the q5 model shows the highest maximum Sharpe ratio, mainly due to its profitability and expected growth factors. Further, the q5 model exhibits superior performance in explaining the returns of 97 anomaly portfolios in the Korean market.
Has the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in more advanced breast cancer? A hospital‐based retrospective study
Authors: Howdle Gemma , Stephanou Adam , Barrett Jordan , Roushdy Suzannah , Ngui Nicholas , Hughes Michael , Marx Gavin , Boyages John
Published: May 2024

Background

The suspension of breast cancer screening during the COVID‐19 pandemic altered patient diagnosis and management. This study investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdowns, screening delays and reduced healthcare attendance on changes in tumour and treatment characteristics, particularly for biologically more aggressive breast cancers.

Methods

This retrospective single‐hospital analysis utilized data from a prospective cancer database between July 2019 and June 2022. Patient, tumour and treatment factors were compared across pre‐pandemic, pandemic and post‐pandemic groups.

Results

Symptomatic breast cancer increased from 42.3% in the pre‐, 53.1% in the pandemic and 57% in the post‐ respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Compared to the pre‐pandemic group (4.6%), an increase in stages 3 or 4 breast cancers in the pandemic (8.5%) and post‐pandemic (7.1%) was found. Increased node‐positivity in Ki67 > 20%, grade 3 or ER‐ tumours post‐pandemic (+5.4%, +14.8%, +33.4%, respectively) was identified. More neoadjuvant chemotherapy was found in both the pandemic (+4.3%) and post‐pandemic (+11.3%, P = 0.0261) groups. An increase in hypofractionated radiotherapy in the post‐pandemic group (+9.4%) was also identified.

Conclusion

Our study identified a decrease in early‐stage cancers and an increase in node positivity, particularly for biologically more aggressive tumours. An increase in the number of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hypofractionated radiotherapy during the pandemic and post‐pandemic periods was also identified.
How calcineurin inhibitors affect cognition
Authors: Thiankhaw Kitti , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siripron C.
Published: May 2024

Aims

With a focus on the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical findings, this review will gather comprehensive information about the effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) on cognitive function and related brain pathology from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also summarize the potential mechanisms that underlie the pathways related to CNI‐induced cognitive impairment.

Methods

We systematically searched articles in PubMed using keywords ‘calcineurin inhibitor*’ and ‘cognition’ to identify related articles, which the final list pertaining to underlying mechanisms of CNI on cognition.

Results

Several studies have reported an association between calcineurin and the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the most common neurocognitive disorder associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. CNI, including tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, are commonly prescribed for patients with transplantation of solid organs such as kidney, liver, or heart, those drugs are currently being used as long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. Although preclinical models emphasize the favorable effects of CNI on the restoration of brain pathology due to the impacts of calcineurin on the alleviation of amyloid‐beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, or rescuing synaptic and mitochondrial functions, treatment‐related neurotoxicity, resulting in cognitive dysfunctions has been observed in clinical settings of patients who received CNI.

Conclusion

Inconsistent results of CNI on cognition from clinical studies have been observed due to impairment of the blood‐brain barrier, neuroinflammation mediated by reactive oxygen species, and alteration in mitochondrial fission, and extended research is required to confirm its promising use in cognitive impairment.