bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globe-LFMC 2.0, an enhanced and updated dataset for live fuel moisture content research
Authors: Yebra Marta , Scortechini Gianluca , Adeline Karine , Aktepe Nursema , Almoustafa Turkia , Bar-Massada Avi , Beget María Eugenia , Boer Matthias , Bradstock Ross , Brown Tegan , Castro Francesc Xavier , Chen Rui , Chuvieco Emilio , Danson Mark , Değirmenci Cihan Ünal , Delgado-Dávila Ruth , Dennison Philip , Di Bella Carlos , Domenech Oriol , Féret Jean-Baptiste , Forsyth Greg , Gabriel Eva , Gagkas Zisis , Gharbi Fatma , Granda Elena , Griebel Anne , He Binbin , Jolly Matt , Kotzur Ivan , Kraaij Tineke , Kristina Agnes , Kütküt Pınar , Limousin Jean-Marc , Martín M. Pilar , Monteiro Antonio T. , Morais Marco , Moreira Bruno , Mouillot Florent , Msweli Samukelisiwe , Nolan Rachael H. , Pellizzaro Grazia , Qi Yi , Quan Xingwen , Resco de Dios Victor , Roberts Dar , Tavşanoğlu Çağatay , Taylor Andy F. S. , Taylor Jackson , Tüfekcioğlu İrem , Ventura Andrea , Younes Cardenas Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Globe-LFMC 2.0, an updated version of Globe-LFMC, is a comprehensive dataset of over 280,000 Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) measurements. These measurements were gathered through field campaigns conducted in 15 countries spanning 47 years. In contrast to its prior version, Globe-LFMC 2.0 incorporates over 120,000 additional data entries, introduces more than 800 new sampling sites, and comprises LFMC values obtained from samples collected until the calendar year 2023. Each entry within the dataset provides essential information, including date, geographical coordinates, plant species, functional type, and, where available, topographical details. Moreover, the dataset encompasses insights into the sampling and weighing procedures, as well as information about land cover type and meteorological conditions at the time and location of each sampling event. Globe-LFMC 2.0 can facilitate advanced LFMC research, supporting studies on wildfire behaviour, physiological traits, ecological dynamics, and land surface modelling, whether remote sensing-based or otherwise. This dataset represents a valuable resource for researchers exploring the diverse LFMC aspects, contributing to the broader field of environmental and ecological research.
LiDAR-based reference aboveground biomass maps for tropical forests of South Asia and Central Africa
Authors: Rodda Suraj Reddy , Fararoda Rakesh , Gopalakrishnan Rajashekar , Jha Nidhi , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Couteron Pierre , Barbier Nicolas , Alfonso Alonso , Bako Ousmane , Bassama Patrick , Behera Debabrata , Bissiengou Pulcherie , Biyiha Hervé , Brockelman Warren Y. , Chanthorn Wirong , Chauhan Prakash , Dadhwal Vinay Kumar , Dauby Gilles , Deblauwe Vincent , Dongmo Narcis , Droissart Vincent , Jeyakumar Selvaraj , Jha Chandra Shekar , Kandem Narcisse G. , Katembo John , Kougue Ronald , Leblanc Hugo , Lewis Simon , Libalah Moses , Manikandan Maya , Martin-Ducup Olivier , Mbock Germain , Memiaghe Hervé , Mofack Gislain , Mutyala Praveen , Narayanan Ayyappan , Nathalang Anuttara , Ndjock Gilbert Oum , Ngoula Fernandez , Nidamanuri Rama Rao , Pélissier Raphaël , Saatchi Sassan , Sagang Le Bienfaiteur , Salla Patrick , Simo-Droissart Murielle , Smith Thomas B. , Sonké Bonaventure , Stevart Tariq , Tjomb Danièle , Zebaze Donatien , Zemagho Lise , Ploton Pierre
Published: April 2024

Accurate mapping and monitoring of tropical forests aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial to design effective carbon emission reduction strategies and improving our understanding of Earth’s carbon cycle. However, existing large-scale maps of tropical forest AGB generated through combinations of Earth Observation (EO) and forest inventory data show markedly divergent estimates, even after accounting for reported uncertainties. To address this, a network of high-quality reference data is needed to calibrate and validate mapping algorithms. This study aims to generate reference AGB datasets using field inventory plots and airborne LiDAR data for eight sites in Central Africa and five sites in South Asia, two regions largely underrepresented in global reference AGB datasets. The study provides access to these reference AGB maps, including uncertainty maps, at 100 m and 40 m spatial resolutions covering a total LiDAR footprint of 1,11,650 ha [ranging from 150 to 40,000 ha at site level]. These maps serve as calibration/validation datasets to improve the accuracy and reliability of AGB mapping for current and upcoming EO missions (viz., GEDI, BIOMASS, and NISAR).
Emotional self-knowledge profiles and relationships with mental health indicators support value in ‘knowing thyself’
Authors: Nonweiler Jacqueline , Vives Jaume , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Ballespí Sergi
Published: April 2024

“Know thyself” may be indicated by a balanced high pairing of two emotional self-knowledge indicators: attention to emotions and emotional clarity. Closely associated but often evaluated separately, emotional clarity is consistently, inversely associated with psychopathology, while evidence regarding attention to emotions is less consistent. Variables of high/low emotional clarity and attention to emotions yielded four emotional self-knowledge profiles which were analyzed for associations with mental health indicators (depression and anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, self-schema, resiliency, transcendence) in n = 264 adolescents. Here we report regression models which show that compared with neither, both high (attention + clarity) show higher positive self-schema (B = 2.83, p = 0.004), more resiliency (B = 2.76, p = 0.015) and higher transcendence (B = 82.4, p < 0.001), while high attention only is associated with lower self-esteem (B = − 3.38, p < 0.001) and more symptoms (B = 5.82, p < 0.001 for depression; B = 9.37, p < 0.001 for anxiety). High attention only is associated with most severe impairment all indicators excepting transcendence. Profiles including high clarity suggest protective effects, and ‘implicit’ versus ‘explicit’ emotional awareness are discussed. Balanced vs. imbalanced emotional self-awareness profiles dissimilarly affect mental health, which have implications for treatment and policy.
EZH2 as a major histone methyltransferase in PDGF-BB-activated orbital fibroblast in the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Visamol Sopita , Palaga Tanapat , Saonanon Preamjit , Pruksakorn Vannakorn , Hirankarn Nattiya , van Hagen P. Martin , Dik Willem A. , Virakul Sita
Published: April 2024

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an extra-thyroidal complication of Graves’ disease which can lead to vision loss in severe cases. Currently, treatments of GO are not sufficiently effective, so novel therapeutic strategies are needed. As platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induces several effector mechanisms in GO orbital fibroblasts including cytokine production and myofibroblast activation, this study aims to investigate the roles of histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) in PDGF-BB-activated GO orbital fibroblasts by screening with HKMTs inhibitors library. From the total of twelve selective HKMT inhibitors in the library, EZH2, G9a and DOT1L inhibitors, DZNeP, BIX01294 and Pinometostat, respectively, prevented PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and hyaluronan production by GO orbital fibroblasts. However, only EZH2 inhibitor, DZNeP, significantly blocked pro-inflammatory cytokine production. For the HKMTs expression in GO orbital fibroblasts, PDGF-BB significantly and time-dependently induced EZH2, G9a and DOT1L mRNA expression. To confirm the role of EZH2 in PDGF-BB-induced orbital fibroblast activation, EZH2 silencing experiments revealed suppression of PDGF-BB-induced collagen type I and α-SMA expression along with decreasing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) level. In a more clinically relevant model than orbital fibroblast culture experiments, DZNeP treated GO orbital tissues significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production while slightly reduced ACTA2 mRNA expression. Our data is the first to demonstrate that among all HKMTs EZH2 dominantly involved in the expression of myofibroblast markers in PDGF-BB-activated orbital fibroblast from GO presumably via H3K27me3. Thus, EZH2 may represent a novel therapeutics target for GO.
Dietary salt promotes cognition impairment through GLP-1R/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Shu , Wang Chuanling , Fan Haixia , Zou Qian , Pu Yingshuang , Cai Zhiyou
Published: April 2024

Dietary salt has been associated with cognitive impairment in mice, possibly related to damaged synapses and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanism underlying how dietary salt causes cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. In our study, either a high-salt (8%) or normal diet (0.5%) was used to feed C57BL/6 mice for three months, and N2a cells were cultured in normal medium, NaCl medium (80 mM), or NaCl (80 mM) + Liraglutide (200 nM) medium for 48 h. Cognitive function in mice was assessed using the Morris water maze and shuttle box test, while anxiety was evaluated by the open field test (OPT). Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess the level of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Electron microscope and western blotting were used to evaluate synapse function and tau phosphorylation. Our findings revealed that a high salt diet (HSD) reduced the level of synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), resulting in significant synaptic damage. Additionally, hyperphosphorylation of tau at different sites was detected. The C57BL/6 mice showed significant impairment in learning and memory function compared to the control group, but HSD did not cause anxiety in the mice. In addition, the level of GLP-1R and autophagy flux decreased in the HSD group, while the level of mTOR/p70S6K was upregulated. Furthermore, liraglutide reversed the autophagy inhibition of N2a treated with NaCl. In summary, our study demonstrates that dietary salt inhibits the GLP-1R/mTOR/p70S6K pathway to inhibit autophagy and induces synaptic dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation, eventually impairing cognitive dysfunction.
Discovery and description of novel phage genomes from urban microbiomes sampled by the MetaSUB consortium
Authors: Flores Vinicius S. , Amgarten Deyvid E. , Iha Bruno Koshin Vázquez , Ryon Krista A. , Danko David , Tierney Braden T. , Mason Christopher , da Silva Aline Maria , Setubal João Carlos
Published: April 2024

Bacteriophages are recognized as the most abundant members of microbiomes and have therefore a profound impact on microbial communities through the interactions with their bacterial hosts. The International Metagenomics and Metadesign of Subways and Urban Biomes Consortium (MetaSUB) has sampled mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years using metagenomics, throwing light into these hitherto largely unexplored urban environments. MetaSUB focused primarily on the bacterial community. In this work, we explored MetaSUB metagenomic data in order to recover and analyze bacteriophage genomes. We recovered and analyzed 1714 phage genomes with size at least 40 kbp, from the class Caudoviricetes, the vast majority of which (80%) are novel. The recovered genomes were predicted to belong to temperate (69%) and lytic (31%) phages. Thirty-three of these genomes have more than 200 kbp, and one of them reaches 572 kbp, placing it among the largest phage genomes ever found. In general, the phages tended to be site-specific or nearly so, but 194 genomes could be identified in every city from which phage genomes were retrieved. We predicted hosts for 48% of the phages and observed general agreement between phage abundance and the respective bacterial host abundance, which include the most common nosocomial multidrug-resistant pathogens. A small fraction of the phage genomes are carriers of antibiotic resistance genes, and such genomes tended to be particularly abundant in the sites where they were found. We also detected CRISPR-Cas systems in five phage genomes. This study expands the previously reported MetaSUB results and is a contribution to the knowledge about phage diversity, global distribution, and phage genome content.
Effectiveness of low frequency vibration on the rate of canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abd ElMotaleb Mohamed Atfy , El-Beialy Amr Ragab , El-Sharaby Fouad Aly , ElDakroury Amr Emad , Eid Ahmed Abdelsalam
Published: April 2024

To investigate the effectiveness of AcceleDent Aura vibrating device on the rate of canine retraction. Thirty-two patients requiring extraction of upper first premolars and canine retraction were randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into either no-appliance group or the AcceleDent Aura appliance group. Canine retraction was done applying 150gm of retraction force using NiTi coil springs on 16 × 22 stainless steel archwires. The duration of the study was 4 months. Models were collected and digitized directly after extraction of upper first premolars and at monthly intervals during canine retraction for recording the monthly as well as the total distance moved by the canine. Digitized models were superimposed on the initial model and data were statistically analyzed. Anchorage loss, rotation, tipping, torque and root condition were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography imaging. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale. No patients were dropped-out during this study. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the total distance travelled by the canine (P = 0.436), as well as the rate of canine retraction per month (P = 0.17). Root condition was the same for the two groups. Regarding the pain level, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at day 0 (P = 0.721), after 24 h (P = 0.882), after 72 h (P = 0.378) and after 7 days (P = 0.964). AcceleDent Aura was not able to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Pain level couldn’t be reduced by vibrational force with an AcceleDent device during orthodontic treatment. Root condition was not affected by the vibrational forces.
The influence of the precuneus on the medial temporal cortex determines the subjective quality of memory during the retrieval of naturalistic episodes
Authors: Foudil Samy-Adrien , Macaluso Emiliano
Published: April 2024

Memory retrieval entails dynamic interactions between the medial temporal lobe and areas in the parietal and frontal cortices. Here, we tested the hypothesis that effective connectivity between the precuneus, in the medial parietal cortex, and the medial temporal cortex contributes to the subjective quality of remembering objects together with information about their rich spatio-temporal encoding context. During a 45 min encoding session, the participants were presented with pictures of objects while they actively explored a virtual town. The following day, under fMRI, participants were presented with images of objects and had to report whether: they recognized the object and could remember the place/time of encoding, the object was familiar only, or the object was new. The hippocampus/parahippocampus, the precuneus and the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex activated when the participants successfully recognized objects they had seen in the virtual town and reported that they could remember the place/time of these events. Analyses of effective connectivity showed that the influence exerted by the precuneus on the medial temporal cortex mediates this effect of episodic recollection. Our findings demonstrate the role of the inter-regional connectivity in mediating the subjective experience of remembering and underline the relevance of studying memory in contextually-rich conditions.
Biocontrol of multidrug resistant pathogens isolated from fish farms using silver nanoparticles combined with hydrogen peroxide insight to its modulatory effect
Authors: Saad Mai F. , Elsayed Mona M. , Khder Mariam , Abdelaziz Ahmed S. , El-Demerdash Azza S.
Published: April 2024

This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio species from Nile tilapia fish and marine aquatic water. One hundred freshly dead Nile tilapia fish were collected from freshwater aquaculture fish farms located in Al-Abbassah district, Sharkia Governorate, and 100 samples of marine aquatic water were collected from fish farms in Port Said. The second part of the study focused on determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of dual-combination of AgNPs-H2O2 on bacterial growth and its down regulatory effect on crucial virulence factors using RT-PCR. The highest levels of A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa were detected in 43%, and 34% of Nile tilapia fish samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest level of Vibrio species was found in 37% of marine water samples. Additionally, most of the isolated A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa and Vibrio species exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile. The MIC and MBC results indicated a bactericidal effect of AgNPs-H2O2. Furthermore, a transcriptional modulation effect of AgNPs-H2O2 on the virulence-associated genes resulted in a significant down-regulation of aerA, exoU, and trh genes in A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio spp., respectively. The findings of this study suggest the effectiveness of AgNPs-H2O2 against drug resistant pathogens related to aquaculture.
Large-scale assessment of physical activity in a population using high-resolution hip-worn accelerometry: the German National Cohort (NAKO)
Authors: Weber Andrea , van Hees Vincent T. , Stein Michael J. , Gastell Sylvia , Steindorf Karen , Herbolsheimer Florian , Ostrzinski Stefan , Pischon Tobias , Brandes Mirko , Krist Lilian , Marschollek Michael , Greiser Karin Halina , Nimptsch Katharina , Brandes Berit , Jochem Carmen , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Berger Klaus , Brenner Hermann , Buck Christoph , Castell Stefanie , Dörr Marcus , Emmel Carina , Fischer Beate , Flexeder Claudia , Harth Volker , Hebestreit Antje , Heise Jana-Kristin , Holleczek Bernd , Keil Thomas , Koch-Gallenkamp Lena , Lieb Wolfgang , Meinke-Franze Claudia , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kluttig Alexander , Obi Nadia , Peters Annette , Schmidt Börge , Schipf Sabine , Schulze Matthias B. , Teismann Henning , Waniek Sabina , Willich Stefan N. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Baurecht Hansjörg
Published: April 2024

Large population-based cohort studies utilizing device-based measures of physical activity are crucial to close important research gaps regarding the potential protective effects of physical activity on chronic diseases. The present study details the quality control processes and the derivation of physical activity metrics from 100 Hz accelerometer data collected in the German National Cohort (NAKO). During the 2014 to 2019 baseline assessment, a subsample of NAKO participants wore a triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer on their right hip for seven consecutive days. Auto-calibration, signal feature calculations including Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD), identification of non-wear time, and imputation, were conducted using the R package GGIR version 2.10-3. A total of 73,334 participants contributed data for accelerometry analysis, of whom 63,236 provided valid data. The average ENMO was 11.7 ± 3.7 mg (milli gravitational acceleration) and the average MAD was 19.9 ± 6.1 mg. Notably, acceleration summary metrics were higher in men than women and diminished with increasing age. Work generated in the present study will facilitate harmonized analysis, reproducibility, and utilization of NAKO accelerometry data. The NAKO accelerometry dataset represents a valuable asset for physical activity research and will be accessible through a specified application process.
Efficient parameter extraction of photovoltaic models with a novel enhanced prairie dog optimization algorithm
Authors: Izci Davut , Ekinci Serdar , Hussien Abdelazim G.
Published: April 2024

The growing demand for solar energy conversion underscores the need for precise parameter extraction methods in photovoltaic (PV) plants. This study focuses on enhancing accuracy in PV system parameter extraction, essential for optimizing PV models under diverse environmental conditions. Utilizing primary PV models (single diode, double diode, and three diode) and PV module models, the research emphasizes the importance of accurate parameter identification. In response to the limitations of existing metaheuristic algorithms, the study introduces the enhanced prairie dog optimizer (En-PDO). This novel algorithm integrates the strengths of the prairie dog optimizer (PDO) with random learning and logarithmic spiral search mechanisms. Evaluation against the PDO, and a comprehensive comparison with eighteen recent algorithms, spanning diverse optimization techniques, highlight En-PDO’s exceptional performance across different solar cell models and CEC2020 functions. Application of En-PDO to single diode, double diode, three diode, and PV module models, using experimental datasets (R.T.C. France silicon and Photowatt-PWP201 solar cells) and CEC2020 test functions, demonstrates its consistent superiority. En-PDO achieves competitive or superior root mean square error values, showcasing its efficacy in accurately modeling the behavior of diverse solar cells and performing optimally on CEC2020 test functions. These findings position En-PDO as a robust and reliable approach for precise parameter estimation in solar cell models, emphasizing its potential and advancements compared to existing algorithms.
Distinct CD16a features on human NK cells observed by flow cytometry correlate with increased ADCC
Authors: Benavente Maria C. Rodriguez , Hakeem Zainab A. , Davis Alexander R. , Murray Nathan B. , Azadi Parastoo , Mace Emily M. , Barb Adam W.
Published: April 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells destroy tissue that have been opsonized with antibodies. Strategies to generate or identify cells with increased potency are expected to enhance NK cell-based immunotherapies. We previously generated NK cells with increased antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) following treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor targeting mannosidases early in the N-glycan processing pathway. Kifunensine treatment also increased the antibody-binding affinity of Fc γ receptor IIIa/CD16a. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting NK cell N-glycan processing increased ADCC. We reduced N-glycan processing with the CRIPSR-CAS9 knockdown of MGAT1, another early-stage N-glycan processing enzyme, and showed that these cells likewise increased antibody binding affinity and ADCC. These experiments led to the observation that NK cells with diminished N-glycan processing capability also revealed a clear phenotype in flow cytometry experiments using the B73.1 and 3G8 antibodies binding two distinct CD16a epitopes. We evaluated this “affinity profiling” approach using primary NK cells and identified a distinct shift and differentiated populations by flow cytometry that correlated with increased ADCC.
Phosphoproteomic investigation of targets of protein phosphatases in EGFR signaling
Authors: Eguchi Akihiro , Olsen Jesper V.
Published: April 2024

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) initiate cellular signaling pathways, which are regulated through a delicate balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. While many studies of RTKs have focused on downstream-activated kinases catalyzing the site-specific phosphorylation, few studies have focused on the phosphatases carrying out the dephosphorylation. In this study, we analyzed six protein phosphatase networks using chemical inhibitors in context of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. Specifically, we focused on protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), involved in attenuating p38-dependent signaling pathways in various cellular responses, and confirmed its effect in regulating p38 activity in EGFR signaling. Furthermore, utilizing a p38 inhibitor, we classified phosphosites whose phosphorylation status depends on PP2C inhibition into p38-dependent and p38-independent sites. This study provides a large-scale dataset of phosphatase-regulation of EGF-responsive phosphorylation sites, which serves as a useful resource to deepen our understanding of EGFR signaling.
Surface defect detection method for discarded mechanical parts under heavy rust coverage
Authors: Zhang Zelin , Wang Xinyang , Wang Lei , Xia Xuhui
Published: April 2024

With a significant number of mechanical products approaching the retirement phase, the batch recycling of discarded mechanical parts necessitates a preliminary assessment of their surface condition. However, the presence of surface rust poses a challenge to defect identification. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for detecting heavily rusted surface defects based on an improved YOLOv8n network. In the Backbone, the C2f-DBB module of re-parameterized deep feature extraction was introduced, and the attention module was designed to improve the accuracy of information extraction. In the Neck part, a Bi-Afpn multiscale feature fusion strategy is designed to facilitate information exchange between features at different scales. Finally, Focal-CIoU is employed as the bounding box loss function to enhance the network’s localization performance and accuracy for defects. Experimentally, it is proved that the improved network in this paper improves the Recall, Precision, and mAP0.5 by 1.2%, 2.1%, and 1.9%, respectively, on the original basis, which is better than other network models.
The prevalence of early contained vascular injury of spleen
Authors: Koskinen Seppo K. , Alagic Z. , Enocson A. , Kistner A.
Published: April 2024

Contained vascular injuries (CVI) of spleen include pseudoaneurysms (PSA) and arterio-venous fistulae (AV-fistulae), and their reported prevalence varies. Our purpose was to assess the prevalence of early splenic CVI seen on admission CT in patients with splenic trauma admitted to a single level 1 trauma center in 2013–2021, and its detection in different CT protocols. A retrospective, single-center longitudinal cohort study. Nine-year data (2013–2021) of all patients with suspected or manifest abdominal trauma were retrieved. All patients, > 15 years with an ICD code for splenic trauma (S36.0XX) were included. CT and angiographic examinations were identified. Reports and images were reviewed. Splenic CVI CT criterion was a focal collection of vascular contrast that decreases in attenuation with delayed imaging. Number of CVIs and treatment was based on medical records and/or available angioembolization data. Of 2805 patients with abdominal trauma, 313 patients (313/2805; 11.2%) fulfilled the study entry criteria. 256 patients (256/313; 81.8%) had a CT examination. Sixteen patients had splenectomy before CT, and the final study group included 240 patients (240/313; 76.7%). Median New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was 27 and 87.5% of patients had NISS > 15. Splenic CVI was found in 20 patients, which yields a prevalence of 8.3% (20/240; 95% CI 5.2–12.6%). In those cases with both late arterial and venous phase images available, CVI was seen in 14.5% of cases (18/124, 95% CI 8.6–22.0%). None of the patients with CVI died within 30 days of the injury. The prevalence of early splenic CVI in patients with a splenic trauma was 8.3–14.5% (95% CI 5.2–22.0%). Our data suggests that both arterial and venous phase are needed for CT diagnosis. The 30-day outcome in terms of mortality was good.
The development of working life expectancy without musculoskeletal diseases against the backdrop of extended working lives
Authors: Tetzlaff Juliane , Epping Jelena , Stahmeyer Jona Theodor , Liebers Falk , Hegewald Janice , Sperlich Stefanie , Beller Johannes , Tetzlaff Fabian
Published: April 2024

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are a major predictor of early retirement. Against the backdrop of the extension of working life, we investigated time trends and educational inequalities in years spent in the labour market free of MSD. Based on German statutory health insurance data (N = 3,405,673), total life years free of MSD (Healthy Life Expectancy, HLE) and years spent in the labour force free of MSD (Healthy Working Life Expectancy, HWLE) were estimated for three periods (2006–2008, 2011–2013, 2016–2018) using multistate analyses. Educational inequalities (8 to 11 vs. 12 or more years of schooling) are reported for 2011–2013. HLE decreased slightly over time in all genders. HWLE in women increased, while it remained rather constant in men. Over time, the share of years in the labour force spent free of MSD declined continuously. People with lower education had lower HLE and HWLE than individuals with higher education. With respect to musculoskeletal diseases, the increase in disease-free working life years cannot keep pace with the extension of working life, resulting in an increasing proportion of years spent in impaired musculoskeletal health in the labour market. Effective prevention strategies are needed, focusing especially on individuals with lower educational attainment.
Exploring the adverse effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on wildland firefighters’ pulmonary function and DNA damage
Authors: Panumasvivat Jinjuta , Sapbamrer Ratana , Sittitoon Nalin , Khacha-ananda Supakit , Kiratipaisarl Wuttipat , Sirikul Wachiranun , Insian Wittawat , Assavanopakun Pheerasak
Published: April 2024

Chiang Mai encounters severe pollution during the wildfire season. Wildland firefighters encounter various hazards while engaged in fire suppression operations, which encompass significant exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants resulting from combustion, especially particulate matter. The adverse effects of wildfire smoke on respiratory health are a significant concern. The objective of this study was to examine the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on the respiratory function and DNA damage of wildland firefighters. This prospective cohort study conducted in Chiang Mai from January to May 2022 planned to evaluate the health status of wildland firefighters during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak ambient air pollution seasons. The measurement of PM2.5 was done at every forest fire station, as well as utilizing data from the Pollution Control Department. Participants received general health examinations, spirometry evaluations, and blood tests for DNA damage analysis. Pair t-tests and multiple regression models were used to examine the connection between pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1) and PM2.5 concentration, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Thirty-three peak-season and twenty-one post-peak-season participants were enrolled. Four pre-peak-season wildland firefighters had FVC and FEV1 declines of > 15%. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between PM2.5 exposure and FVC% predicted (− 2.81%, 95% CI − 5.27 to − 0.34%, P = 0.027) and a marginally significant negative correlation with FVC (− 114.38 ml, 95% CI − 230.36 to 1.59 ml, P = 0.053). The remaining pulmonary measures showed a statistically insignificant decline. There were no significant changes in DNA damage detected. Wildland firefighters suffered a significant decline in pulmonary function associated with PM2.5 exposure. Spirometry is crucial for monitoring and promptly identifying respiratory issues that occur during wildfire seasons. Further research is recommended to explore DNA damage alterations and their potential association with PM2.5.
Unraveling the evolutionary origin of the complex Nuclear Receptor Element (cNRE), a cis-regulatory module required for preferential expression in the atrial chamber
Authors: Nunes Santos Luana , Sousa Costa Ângela Maria , Nikolov Martin , Carvalho João E. , Coelho Sampaio Allysson , Stockdale Frank E. , Wang Gang Feng , Andrade Castillo Hozana , Bortoletto Grizante Mariana , Dudczig Stefanie , Vasconcelos Michelle , Rosenthal Nadia , Jusuf Patricia Regina , Nim Hieu T. , de Oliveira Paulo , Guimarães de Freitas Matos Tatiana , Nikovits William , Tambones Izabella Luisa , Figueira Ana Carolina Migliorini , Schubert Michael , Ramialison Mirana , Xavier-Neto José
Published: April 2024

Cardiac function requires appropriate proteins in each chamber. Atria requires slow myosin to act as reservoirs, while ventricles demand fast myosin for swift pumping. Myosins are thus under chamber-biased cis-regulation, with myosin gene expression imbalances leading to congenital heart dysfunction. To identify regulatory inputs leading to cardiac chamber-biased expression, we computationally and molecularly dissected the quail Slow Myosin Heavy Chain III (SMyHC III) promoter that drives preferential expression to the atria. We show that SMyHC III gene states are orchestrated by a complex Nuclear Receptor Element (cNRE) of 32 base pairs. Using transgenesis in zebrafish and mice, we demonstrate that preferential atrial expression is achieved by a combinatorial regulatory input composed of atrial activation motifs and ventricular repression motifs. Using comparative genomics, we show that the cNRE might have emerged from an endogenous viral element through infection of an ancestral host germline, revealing an evolutionary pathway to cardiac chamber-specific expression.
LTK mutations responsible for resistance to lorlatinib in non-small cell lung cancer harboring CLIP1-LTK fusion
Authors: Mori Shunta , Izumi Hiroki , Araki Mitsugu , Liu Jie , Tanaka Yu , Kagawa Yosuke , Sagae Yukari , Ma Biao , Isaka Yuta , Sasakura Yoko , Kumagai Shogo , Sakae Yuta , Tanaka Kosuke , Shibata Yuji , Udagawa Hibiki , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoh Kiyotaka , Okuno Yasushi , Goto Koichi , Kobayashi Susumu S.
Published: April 2024

The CLIP1-LTK fusion was recently discovered as a novel oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK inhibitor, exhibited a dramatic clinical response in a NSCLC patient harboring CLIP1-LTK fusion. However, it is expected that acquired resistance will inevitably develop, particularly by LTK mutations, as observed in NSCLC induced by oncogenic tyrosine kinases treated with corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, we evaluate eight LTK mutations corresponding to ALK mutations that lead to on-target resistance to lorlatinib. All LTK mutations show resistance to lorlatinib with the L650F mutation being the highest. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate that gilteritinib can overcome the L650F-mediated resistance to lorlatinib. In silico analysis suggests that introduction of the L650F mutation may attenuate lorlatinib-LTK binding. Our study provides preclinical evaluations of potential on-target resistance mutations to lorlatinib, and a novel strategy to overcome the resistance.
Potential application of green extracts rich in phenolics for innovative functional foods: natural deep eutectic solvents as media for isolation of biocompounds from berries
Authors: Lazović Mila Č. , Jović Marko D. , Petrović Marija , Dimkić Ivica Z. , Gašić Uroš M. , Milojković Opsenica Dušanka M. , Ristivojević Petar M. , Trifković Jelena Đ.
Published: April 2024

The health-promoting effects of berries have attracted attention due to the possible application of their extracts as functional ingredients in food products.
Sign-flipping intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity with Berry curvature tunability in a half-metallic ferromagnet NbSe2–VSe2 lateral heterostructure
Authors: Mohanty Saransha , Deb Pritam
Published: April 2024

Schematic of the half-metallic character of the lateral NbSe2–VSe2 heterostructure, corresponding charge transfer mechanism and sign-flipping anomalous Hall conductivity under an external electric field.
Eggshell incorporated agro-waste adsorbent pellets for sustainable orthophosphate capture from aqueous media
Authors: Steiger Bernd G. K. , Bui Nam T. , Babalola Bolanle M. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: April 2024

In this study, granular adsorbents containing varying ratios of torrefied wheat straw (TWS), eggshells (ES), and chitosan (Chi) were prepared, which are referred to as ternary wheat straw composites (TWCs).
Reactive spin coating based on real-time in situ feedback for improved control of perovskite thin film fabrication
Authors: Biberger Simon , Spies Maximilian , Schötz Konstantin , Kahle Frank-Julian , Leupold Nico , Moos Ralf , Grüninger Helen , Köhler Anna , Panzer Fabian
Published: April 2024

This work presents a novel perovskite thin film fabrication approach based on an optical in situ spectroscopy setup and a live closed-loop feedback system to improve the reproducibility of the layer properties independent of external parameters.
A novel electrophoretic assisted hydrophobic microdevice for enhancing blood cell sorting: design and numerical simulation
Authors: Chen Xinkun , Chen Xueye
Published: April 2024

Microfluidic technology has great advantages in the precise manipulation of micro–nano particles, and the hybrid microfluidic separation technology has attracted much attention due to the advantages of both active and passive separation technology at the same time.
An electrochemical aptasensor based on silver-thiolated graphene for highly sensitive detection of Pb2+
Authors: Zhou Jie , Hu Changchun , Li Shuo , Zhang Chuanxiang , Liu Yuan , Chen Zhu , Li Song , Chen Hui , Deng Yan
Published: April 2024

The picture shows the construction process of an aptamer electrochemical sensor and the principle of lead ion detection. In this study, an ultra-sensitive label-free electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of Pb2+.
A perspective on the future of quantum chemical software: the example of the ORCA program package
Authors: Neese Frank
Published: April 2024

In this contribution, the challenges associated with the long-term development of general-purpose quantum chemical software packages are discussed and illustrated with the example of the ORCA package.
Heterointerface engineering of layered double hydroxide/MAPbBr3 heterostructures enabling tunable synapse behaviors in a two-terminal optoelectronic device
Authors: Chen Qian , Cao Jiacheng , Yang Zhiwei , Wang Zeyi , Wang Jian , Yu Shilong , Hao Chenjie , Wang Nana , Li Hai , Huang Xiao
Published: April 2024

MAPbBr3 nanocrystals could self-assemble on MgAl-LDH nanoplates epitaxially. A two-terminal optoelectronic synapse was fabricated to realize synaptic behaviors through the interfacial charge trapping effect under humidity modulation.
Construction of NiCo2S4−xPx nanowire arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions in both acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Liu Guanglei , Feng Yutong , Yang Yifan , Wang Yuan , Liu Huixiang , Li Can , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

Construction of NiCo2S4−xPx nanowire arrays for improved HER performances in both acidic and alkaline media.
Electrochemical switching in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs)
Authors: Bhadani Ayush , Kathiresan Murugavel
Published: April 2024

Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) which include rotaxanes and catenanes are formed by the mechanical linking of two or more components and has the ability to switch between different states in the presence of an external stimuli.
Blue light-mediated carbene transfer reaction of thioesters with diazoesters: efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted Z-enol esters
Authors: Wang Shuncheng , Zhang Hua , Yang Jin , Zhang Dongfang , Hui Xin-Ping
Published: April 2024

An efficient metal-free, blue light-mediated carbene transfer reaction of thioesters with diazoesters has been achieved. This protocol produced tetrasubstituted Z-enol esters containing arylsulfur groups in good yields under mild conditions.
Hydrothermal synthesis of B, S, and N-doped carbon quantum dots for colorimetric sensing of heavy metal ions
Authors: Aygun Aysenur , Cobas Ipek , Tiri Rima Nour Elhouda , Sen Fatih
Published: April 2024

CQDs were synthesized using glucose as the C source, and N-CQDs, B-CQDs, and S-CQDs were synthesized by doping with N, B, and S atoms. The colorimetric sensor properties of the synthesized CQDs for the detection of heavy metals were examined.
Monophenyl luminescent material with dual-state emission and pH sensitivity for cell imaging
Authors: Jin Yuxin , Jiang Bingli , Song Huajian , Mei Chanming , Liu Zuoan , Zhang Xiakai , Liu Jinyuan , Gong Yongyang
Published: April 2024

A novel probe, called DMSS-AM, has been synthesized to be pH-sensitive and target lysosomes. It exhibits efficient emission in both solution and solid states, overcoming the limitations of AIE and ACQ fluorescent probes.
Dynamic structural evolution of MgO-supported palladium catalysts: from metal to metal oxide nanoparticles to surface then subsurface atomically dispersed cations
Authors: Chen Yizhen , Rana Rachita , Zhang Yizhi , Hoffman Adam S. , Huang Zhennan , Yang Bo , Vila Fernando D. , Perez-Aguilar Jorge E. , Hong Jiyun , Li Xu , Zeng Jie , Chi Miaofang , Kronawitter Coleman X. , Wang Haiyan , Bare Simon R. , Kulkarni Ambarish R. , Gates Bruce C.
Published: April 2024

Supported noble metal catalysts, ubiquitous in chemical technology, often undergo dynamic transformations between reduced and oxidized states—which influence the metal nuclearities, oxidation states, and catalytic properties.
Wetting-enhanced adhesion of photo-polymerized supramolecular adhesives for both smooth and rough surfaces
Authors: Zhao Mengyuan , Wu Jiang , Zeng Fanxuan , Dong Zhi , Shen Xinyi , Hua Zan , Liu Guangming
Published: April 2024

Efficient interfacial wetting and supramolecular interactions of nucleobases lead to strong adhesion for both smooth and rough surfaces in air and underwater.
Effects of sulfate modification of stoichiometric and lithium-rich LiNiO2 cathode materials
Authors: Dong Bo , Poletayev Andrey D. , Cottom Jonathon P. , Castells-Gil Javier , Spencer Ben F. , Li Cheng , Zhu Pengcheng , Chen Yongxiu , Price Jaime-Marie , Driscoll Laura L. , Allan Phoebe K. , Kendrick Emma , Islam M. Saiful , Slater Peter R.
Published: April 2024

Polyanion modification represents an alternative low-cost strategy to improve the performance of lithium nickel oxide cathode materials.
A comprehensive study on the aerodynamic influence of stationary and moving obstacles on an isolated phantom DJI 3 UAV propeller
Authors: Hage Charbel , Sophy Tonino , Aglzim El Hassane
Published: April 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is experiencing strong growth in many fields such as military and civil. When operating around obstacles and in the proximity of walls or moving objects, the UAV is constrained to thrust and power consumption variation induced by several aerodynamic effects that can lead to severe flight instability. In this paper, a methodology based on multiple reference frames (MRF) is developed and applied to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on a Phantom DJI 3 propeller to reproduce the effect of fixed and moving wall proximity on the propeller aerodynamic performances. When hovering (3000 rpm) at 0.2 m above a moving obstacle (15 m/s), the results have shown a huge decrease in the thrust by 11.3% when compared to fixed obstacle thrust. This effect, however, is reduced when the propeller is hovering at 5000 rpm and neglected at 9550 rpm. Finally, the moving obstacle had a significant impact on the propeller's aerodynamic performance, resulting in a decrease in thrust force and power consumption at low hovering rotational velocities. Especially, when the obstacle is moving at a fast speed, the UAV could properly use high rotational velocity to maintain high power loading and ensure hovering stability.
BrutNet: A novel approach for violence detection and classification using DCNN with GRU
Authors: Haque Mahmudul , Nyeem Hussain , Afsha Syma
Published: April 2024

Automatic Violence Detection and Classification (AVDC) with deep learning has garnered significant attention in computer vision research. This paper presents a novel approach for combining a custom Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in developing a new AVDC model called BrutNet. Specifically, a time‐distributed DCNN (TD‐DCNN) is developed to generate a compact 2D representation with 512 spatial features per frame from a set of equally‐spaced frames of dimension 16090 in short video segments. Further to leverage the temporal information, a GRU layer is utilised, generating a condensed 1D vector that enables binary classification of violent or non‐violent content through multiple dense layers. Overfitting is addressed by incorporating dropout layers with a rate of 0.5, while the hidden and output layers employ rectified linear unit (ReLU) and sigmoid activations, respectively. The model is trained on the NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU through Google Colab, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing models across various video datasets, including hockey fights, movie fights, AVD, and RWF‐2000. Notably, the model stands out by requiring only 3.416 million parameters and achieving impressive test accuracies of 97.62%, 100%, 97.22%, and 86.43% on the respective datasets. Thus, BrutNet exhibits the potential to emerge as a highly efficient and robust AVDC model in support of greater public safety, content moderation and censorship, computer‐aided investigations, and law enforcement.
The spheroid CME model in EUHFORIA
Authors: Scolini Camilla , Palmerio Erika
Published: April 2024

Predictions of coronal mass ejection (CME) propagation and impact in the heliosphere, in either research or operational settings, are usually performed by employing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. Within such simulations, the CME ejecta is often described as a hydrodynamic pulse that lacks an internal magnetic field and is characterized by a spherical geometry – leading to the so-called cone CME model. White-light observations of CMEs in the corona, however, reveal that the morphology of these structures resembles more closely that of a croissant, i.e., exhibiting an elongated cross-section of their front. It follows that, in space weather forecasts, the assumption of a spherical geometry may result in erroneous predictions of CME impacts in the heliosphere in terms of hit/miss and arrival time/speed, especially in the case of flank encounters. A spheroid CME model is expected to provide a more accurate description of the elongated morphology that is often observed in CMEs. In this paper, we describe the implementation and initial validation of the spheroid CME model within the MHD EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) code. We perform EUHFORIA simulations of an idealized CME as well as a “real” event to compare the spheroidal model with the traditional cone one. We show how the initial ejecta geometry can lead to substantially different estimates in terms of CME impact, arrival time/speed, and geoeffectiveness, especially with increasing distance to the CME nose.
Effects of adiabatic focusing and free-escape boundaries in coronal shock acceleration
Authors: Annie John Lidiya , Nyberg Seve , Vuorinen Laura , Vainio Rami , Afanasiev Alexandr , Poedts Stefaan , Wijsen Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are considered a serious radiation threat to space technologies and humans in space. SEPs are accelerated to high energies by solar explosive phenomena such as solar flares and in particular by shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We aim to better understand the effects of magnetic field gradient-induced adiabatic focusing on the coronal acceleration of SEPs and to test whether free-escape boundaries produce the same effects as focusing. We present results from a one-dimensional oblique shock model with a mean free path similar to Bell’s (1978) theory using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the momentum spectrum at a shock and far upstream will attain a steady state in a model with adiabatic focusing, whereas it does not in a non-focusing model. However, the effects of focusing can be mimicked in a non-focused simulation by introducing a free-escape boundary ahead of the shock close to the position where the particles will escape from the shock by focusing in a focused transport simulation. This provides a promising avenue for constructing computationally efficient codes that can model the particle emission from shocks.