bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BIGGEST MYSTERIES OF NATURE — THE UNIVERSE AND THE BRAIN
Authors: Vladislav Blashyak
Published: January 2021

In the article, which is the result of scientific research in recent decades, the professor points to the value of revolutionary inventions that play a huge role in the development of research, in the evolution of the universe and the brain. One such invention is the telescope. As for the brain, the introduction of research tools such as computed tomography (1972), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), followed by EEG (electroencephalography), PET (positron emission tomography), MEG (magnetoencephalography) and more recent inventions for tracking of the eyes condition. Such discoveries in science have made the researcher wonder: does knowledge about the brain really allow us to make learning more effective?
The scientist provides a classification of children according to their age psychological periods and the work of neurons in the brain. It is indicated that at the age of 4–5 years the network of neurons is best developed. The period of a rebellious teenager is characterized by the maturation of the brain, or the processes of strengthening between neurons. The author speaks about the importance of knowledge in the achievements of neuroeducation in order to understand the strange and most unexpected statements of our students. The article calls for monitoring the results of the latest research on the universe and on our brains. The author is convinced that in the process of teaching educators are able to make certain changes in the brains of their students.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH IN THE SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FOREIGN STUDENTS’ SUPPORT
Authors: Slutskiy Yaroslav
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of practical application of the system approach in the process of foreign students’ social and pedagogical adaptation. The study of this scientific question revealed that acculturation activities should consist of three main areas: psychological, linguistic and cultural, each of them requires the formation of a list of competencies that contribute to the development of the ability of effective interaction building with the host country persons. These competencies, during the interaction at the time of practical academic or social activities of a foreign student, become a competence, a phenomenon that includes many competencies and aimed at their adequate functioning, that leads to a system of competence management, which can be analyzed only using the system approach. In addition, these areas of adaptation activity led to the conclusion that they are also the system-forming elements of the preparatory process, i.e. the system of socio-pedagogical support. Based on the study results that competence is a system of competence management, and the linguistic, cultural and psychological training are a system of adaptive training, the systems approach is defined as a «system within a system» in which the competence system operates in the acculturation triad: linguistic, culture, psychology.
The system approach allowed us to study each component of the system of socio-pedagogical support as a separate subsystem. Thus, this approach demonstrated the possibility of identifying the components of the system of foreign students’ support, their essential characteristics, as well as the present relationships. It is emphasized that each element of the support system, psychological, linguistic or educational-cultural is a full-fledged system, however, when interacting with the other elements that aimed at the creating of socio-pedagogical support system, the elements become the subsystems that depend on each other.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROFESSIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF LYCEUM STUDENTS (ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE FINAL EXAMS FOR OBTAINING POLISH AND INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATES)
Authors: Yedzheyak Lena
Published: January 2021

The secondary school-leaving examination is an important moment in the life of a young person. It is a kind of border after which acquired social skills and educational resources will affect the awakening and embedding of professional aspirations and will allow adults to make decisions on matters of further life path. This path begins in elementary school and counts in the student’s life for about twelve years. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that after such a period of education and pedagogical interactions, one would expect the student to know his strengths, passions, aspirations, and thus see the shape of his future life path and know how to implement it. It was assumed that with different curriculum curricula, access to knowledge is different, so the impact of these differences on the level of students’ professional aspirations was compared to examine the actual state of this phenomenon. At the beginning of the article, terminology and definitions of professional aspirations as well as their levels and conditions in the literature are presented. Then, the results of research carried out in two classes of the same high school, but learning in different core curricula, are presented.
Finally, the results were summarized and conclusions were drawn. The study showed that different curricula gave different results of students’ knowledge.According to these indicators, the author made a corresponding comparison of the impact of these differences on the level of professional aspirations of students. In addition, the article describes in detail the actual state of the situation.
The summarized results of the study on the teaching of classes in different programs made it possible to make suggestions for further educational prospects. The main conclusion is that educational programs for classes with Polish certificates require changes in the orientation of young people to their professional aspirations, in order to plan further educational and professional path.
STRATEGY AND TACTICS ADOPTED BY THE INDEPENDENT UKRAINE’S GOVERNMENTAL POLICY IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors: Dichek Nataliia
Published: January 2021

This paper will substantiate the author’s version of the historical and genetic analysis of the governmental policy that independent Ukraine has applied in the field of general secondary education. The main methodology tool, employed by the author, was the historiographical analysis of selected documentary, archival, scientific, and sociological sources, traced on the basis of historical-genetic approach in combination with such methods as systemic analysis, which enabled the authors to provide a holistic study of the educational policy, and comparative approach, which is the basis for interpreting changes in educational policy.
The article critically reviews the development of the state educational policy on reforming school education through the activities of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine within the timeframe of the initial fifteen years of Ukraine’s independence. The objectives of the study are to substantiate the most prominent strategies and tactical steps, as well as programmers for their implementation in high school practice based on a discursive analysis of an array of documentary and scientific sources. Th author proposes and substantiates the notion of «a tendency in the State’s educational policy», explains the demarcation between the offered term and the concepts of «a direction of educational policy»; at the same time, the concept of «educational policy of the state» is specified.
The author proves that changes in strategic goals in education are a consequence of changes in the political course of the country. Therefore, on gaining sovereignty, the first key strategy of Ukrainian education was aimed at building national statehood; consequently, the development of school education, as well as the educational sector in general, was directed towards nation-building priority.
Finally, the study discusses the process of building and adopting the following strategy for the development of Ukrainian education, including school education, at the turn of the century, that is, the European integration policy direction of the country’s development on the whole and its education sector in particular
THE CONTRIBUTION OF LIBERAL EDUCATION IN THE SUCCESSFUL PERSON`S TRAINING IN THE UNITED STATES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH MAJOR)
Authors: Kozmenko Olena
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the examine of the role of liberal education in general, and the English major in particular in the process of training a successful person in US higher education. Liberal Arts colleges have been training students in the country since colonial times and have always been characterized by high quality education. These colleges were charged with providing a broad-based education that would prepare students for a wide variety of professions. With the beginning of a new era, in the twentieth century, Americans' priorities changed and it was a devaluing of the humanities in favor of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and applied programs designed to prepare graduates for specific jobs and careers. However, understanding the importance of the humanities in the process of formation of decent American citizens and successful individuals encourages colleges and universities to look for ways to improve the effectiveness of liberal arts education, renew the educational process, and increase the competitiveness of the humanities in the U.S. labor market. English major provides unique opportunities for the formation of skills that are vital to a successful life. The efforts of higher education establishments to improve the situation with philological education and attract new students is analyzed in the article. The content of the educational program is considered, the data of scientists on its updating, examples of concrete innovations are given. The important role of English language and literature in preparing students for success after graduation, career prospects is confirmed by numerous American scientists` studies. The article presents the work of educators who prove the importance of liberal education in the formation of intellectual and moral qualities of the individual, tolerant attitude towards other people and cultures, critical thinking skills, productive communication, collaboration as well as active citizenship. Also in the article it is considered the relevance of the English major in modern world and career prospects for specialists in English philology.
GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF LAND DEGRADATION: MODERN APPROACHES AND ADAPTATION OPTIONS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   Institute of Geography RAS, Kust Herman
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the change in the traditional paradigm of the perception of land only as the source of food resources, limited by agricultural production, towards their perception as an integral part of the biosphere, ensuring the sustainable existence of human civilization on the planet. The assessment of the possibilities of applying the modern concept of the neutral balance of land degradation is given.
GEOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF PASTURES OF THE ALTSYNKHUTINSKY RMU OF KETCHENEROVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA
Authors:   The Institute of Complex Researches of Arid Areas, Bembeeva Olga
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a geobotanical survey of the territory of one of the typical rural municipalities in the northwestern part of the Caspian region. The species composition, analysis of life forms, the ratio of ruderal and stern plant species noted in the herbage have been studied. The total number of plant species in the communities, their maximum and minimum number in different periods of the growing season are noted. The productivity of pasture phytocenoses in different types of soils and in different time intervals has been studied. A comparative analysis of the permissible pasture load with the normative one in the spring and autumn periods of research is presented.
THE MODERN CHANGES OF THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN GEOSYSTEMS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE AKSAI-CHATYR-KUL DEPRESSION AND THE ATBASHY RANGE)
Authors:   Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG), Zhumalieva
Published: January 2021

Changes of geosystems in the southern part of the Inner Tien Shan under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors over the past few decades were studied. A general tendency of the reduction of pasture area by 12-19% was observed, caused by changes in the regional nature management regime, but the influence of the climatic factors is insignificant.
APPLICATION OF THE LDN SCIENTIFIC FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS SUSTAINABILITY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT IN KOMI MODEL FOREST, KOMI REPUBLIC, RUSSIA
Authors:   Institute of Geography of Russian academy of science, Kuznetsova Daria , Ptichnikov Andrei ,   Institute of Geography of Russian academy of science
Published: January 2021

Land Degradation Neutrality Framework (LDN) is an approach currently being developed to address land degradation on a global scale. LDN is one of the key approaches to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (goal 15 «Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss»). On the example of the Komi model forest in Komi Republic, Russia, we analyze applicability of the LDN global indicators to the boreal forests of Russia. We also propose options for adapting the LDN international methodology for assessment of boreal ecosystems degradation processes.
ABOUT THE CONSEQUENSES OF DESERTIFICATION OF MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Mukhabbatov Kh.
Published: January 2021

The risk of desertification in the agricultural regions leads to search an affective ways and measures directed for prevention of further soil degradation. According to conducted research works, almost in all mountainous parts of the republic denudations and erosions are spread, which are the main components of soil desertification of slopes.
ANALYSIS OF DESERTIFICATION TRENDS IN THE NORTH-WEST CASPIAN PLAIN
Authors:   Institute of Earth Sciences St. Petersburg State University, Petrov K.
Published: January 2021

The desertification of the North-Western Caspian plain controlled by the arid and humid rhythms of climate, nature landscapes Sarpinsky lowland and the Black lands, intensity of human activities. Trends in desertification are detected by monitoring the state of vegetation, lands and irrigation systems. It has been established that productivity and species diversity of natural vegetation must be strict regulation of pasture load, agriculture should be carried out with the use of modern farming practices, socio-economic development of the territory should regulate the system of environmental measures.
DYNAMICS OF THE LAND USE STRUCTURE IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE ROSTOV REGION
Authors:   Southern federal university, Shishkina Diana
Published: January 2021

The change in the structure of land use in arid regions of the Rostov region during the XX - early XXI centuries is considered. Based on the processing of extensive materials of land registration and agricultural statistics, an analysis was made of the reduction of sown areas and changes in the structure of crops. The comparison of the indicators of ecologically balanced anthropogenic load in the steppe zone with the data for the Rostov region has been carried out. A differentiated assessment of the ecological and economic consequences of the crisis dynamics of land use is given.
KALMYKIA RESERVOIRS: ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CREATION
Authors:   Institute of Complex research arid areas, Ulanova Svetlana
Published: January 2021

The article assesses the consequences of creating reservoirs in Kalmykia based on a number of indicators. It is shown that the main geoecological problems of the republic's reservoirs are currently shallowing, increased salinity, water pollution with nutrients and toxic substances.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE REGIONS OF INNER ASIA
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gomboev Bair , Tsydypov Bair , Ayurzhanaev Aleksandr , Puntsukova Svetlana , Motoshkina Marina
Published: January 2021

The assessment of ecosystem services of the forest is presented as the most important part of natural resources in the Selenga river basin located in the territory of Inner Asia. The analysis of the dynamics of forest fires, which are one of the consequences of global climate change, is presented. The adaptation measures in the forestry sector to this change are considered.
REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION UNDER SILICON FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Authors:   Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Matichenkov V.
Published: January 2021

The application of Si fertilizer is example of “green” low emission technology. The using of biochemical active forms of Si allow to reduce the greenhouse gases emission from cultivated soils, increase the carbon content in soil matrix, increase cultivated plants resistance to abiotic stresses and increase the quality and quantity of crop. Our investigations have sowed the presence of monosilicic acid in soil provide the reduction of N2O emission in 1.6-2 times because the denitrification process in such soil are complete with final formation of N2. The application of Si fertilizer increased the rice crop on 5-55% with carbon sequestration up to 15 t/ha of CO2 during one season.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CAPACITY ASSESSMENT MODEL TYPES OF SUSTAINABLE LAND USE
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Staromonetny, Moscow, 119017, BABINA Yulia
Published: January 2021

The presented materials analyze the impact of organizational, legal and socio-economic factors in the formation of a type of sustainable land management (SLM), taking into account regional features that limit the supported SLM or contribute to an expanded SLM. To assess the impact of these factors, the main groups of possible indicators of organizational, legal and socio-economic orientation for the diagnosis of effective practices of SLM are considered. Based on the available sources of input the proposed structured system of possible quantitative and qualitative indicators that apply directly to the diagnostic object (land parcel) applicable to the owner of land, and applicable to the context of the activities of the owner of land, including the characteristics of adjacent lands and the General conditions of the area of land that relate to the objectives of the SLM. To identify possible indicators of legal, economic and social orientation, an integrated approach based primarily on a combination of system-structural and comparative-legal methods was used to diagnose effective SLM practices.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM (ELIS)
Authors: Haque Azharul , Karim R.
Published: January 2021

An overview of the application software for storage, integration and management of Land Records and Environmental Data has been presented. The title of the software is “Environmental Land Information System”, abbreviated as “ELIS”. Modern hardware technologies like Total Station, Satellite, GPS, Digitizer, scanner along with computer have been used where software technologies like GIS and RDBMS have also been used in capturing, collecting, storing, integrating, and retrieving data. Technologies like plotter has been used in generating various maps including mouza map. A Bangla interface was also integrated with the system for writing Bangla scripts on maps and other land records. Two separate types of databases have been created – one for attribute data and the other for spatial data. The application software has the capability to append new data- attribute and spatial, to the databases to update and enrich the databases. This article gives a conceptual view of the software. The main emphasis in developing the software was in the use of GIS and Bangla interface.
SURVEI HIDRO-OSEANOGRAFI DI PERAIRAN RAJA AMPAT, PAPUA BARAT, INDONESIA
Authors: Herwindya Athur Yordan , Febriawan Hendra Kurnia , Nugroho Adam Budi , Dannari Arnold
Published: January 2021

Kepulauan Raja Ampat merupakan salah satu tujuan wisata utama di Indonesia dan juga sebagai kawasan konservasi alam. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena wilayah tersebut kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, kenampakan dan sumber daya alam, serta budaya. Pada tahun 2014, pemerintah Indonesia menyelenggarakan kegiatan Sail Raja Ampat sebagai bagian promosi pembangunan di wilayah tersebut. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) berperan dalam kegiatan Sail tersebut dengan menggunakan KR Baruna Jaya IV untuk melakukan survei kelautan maupun kegiatan diseminasi teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kegiatan survei hidro-oseanografi di perairan Raja Ampat sebagai bagian kegiatan Sail Raja Ampat. Kegiatan survei dilakukan pada dua area utama yaitu Teluk Kabui dan Selat Sagewin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa survei tersebut mampu memberikan gambaran morfologi di kedua area tersebut. Secara batimetri perairan Teluk Kabui memiliki kedalaman antara 18 – 53 meter, sedangkan kedalaman perairan Selat Sagewin berkisar antara 104  - 508 meter. Rata – rata suhu di perairan Raja Ampat diketahui berkisar antara 28? – 29?C dan memiliki salinitas berkisar antara 32.5 - 35 psu. Litologi berupa batupasir, batugamping, dan lempung juga berhasil diketahui dari survei tersebut. Data – data ilmiah kebumian tersebut bermanfaat untuk melengkapi data – data yang sudah ada ataupun sebagai dasar perencanaan kegiatan penelitian selanjutnya. Disamping itu, data tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik alam di perairan Raja Ampat sebagai pendukung kegiatan pembangunan di wilayah tersebut.
A new epiphytic species, Symphytocarpus macrosporus (Myxomycetes) from Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: Vlasenko Anastasia , Filippova Nina , Vlasenko Vyacheslav
Published: January 2021

A new species Symphytocarpus macrosporus is described based on collections made in the Khanty- Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra, Russia. Thirty- two specimens of the new species were isolated from moist chambers with Picea obovata and Abies siberica bark. The new species is characterized by the presence of pseudoaethalia, without cortex, with peridium remaining as fragments. This new species clearly differs from previously described species of the genus by both morphological and molecular characters. It has large spores, (14)15–17(18) μm diam. with irregular ornamentation of large warts. Such a spore size seems to be the largest for the genus. The holotype specimen of Symphytocarpus macrosporus is stored in the M.G. Popov Herbarium (NSK), Novosibirsk, Russia. It is the first new species described within the genus Symphytocarpus since 1984.
KEKUATAN BENTURAN KAPAL KAYU 5-7 GT SAAT MERAPAT KE DERMAGA: UPAYA UNTUK MENENTUKAN KETEBALAN MINIMAL LAMINASI FRP
Authors: Anam Muhamad Khoirul , Novita Yopi , Iskandar Budhi H.
Published: January 2021

Kajian ini merupakan tahap awal dari kajian yang bertujuan menentukan ketebalan minimal lapisan laminasi FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) pada kapal kayu ukuran 5-7 GT (Gross Tonnage). Konstruksi laminasi FRP bertujuan mengurangi kontak langsung bagian kapal dengan air disekitarnya serta mampu menahan benturan kapal ketika sandar pada dermaga khususnya bagian kasko kapal. Saat ini laminasi FRP dilakukan berdasarkan keahlian dan pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh pengrajin. Tujuan dari kajian ini untuk mengetahui kekuatan benturan pada kapal yang akan dijadikan acuan untuk menentukan ketebalan laminasi FRP. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan identifikasi dimensi utama kapal, kecepatan kapal dan kekuatan benturan yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif numerik. Data diperoleh dari 13 kapal sampel selama bulan Oktober-Desember 2019. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kapal yang digunakan termasuk towed or dragged gear. Dimensi utama kapal dengan rata-rata Loa 9,5 m; Bmax 3,2 m; D 1,2 m dengan ton displacement 13,6 ton/m3. Kecepatan kapal ketika terjadi benturan pertama mengalami penurunan berkisar 0,4-1,0 m/s atau sekitar 20-75%. Kekuatan benturan yang terjadi pada kapal ketika benturan pertama berkisar 7,13-87,48 kN.m. Oleh karena itu, kekuatan bentur yang akan dijadikan acuan dalam menentukan ketebalan lapisan laminasi FRP pada kapal kayu adalah sebesar 87,48 kN.m.
KLASTERISASI ARMADA PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI PULAU KEI KECIL BAGIAN TIMUR, KEPULAUAN KEI
Authors: Picaulima Simon , Wiyono Eko Sri , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Riyanto Mochammad
Published: January 2021

Kebijakan dan regulasi dengan sifat armada perikanan skala kecil yang multispesies dan multigear dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan hasil tangkapan di setiap daerah penangkapan ikan. Klasterisasi armada perikanan dapat memberikan informasi yang lebih efektif dan efisien untuk tindakan pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi klasterisasi armada perikanan skala kecil berdasarkan kemiripan hasil tangkapan, pendapatan dan biaya operasional. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei, penentuan responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan Square Euclidean Distance. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan hasil tangkapan, pendapatan dan biaya operasional tertinggi pada musim barat dan pancaroba 1 adalah armada purse seine, musim timur dan pancaroba 2 adalah armada bagan, sedangkan terendah pada musim barat sampai pancaroba 2 adalah armada gillnet hanyut. Secara umum pada musim barat terdapat 3 kelompok klaster besar, musim pancaroba 1 terdapat 2 kelompok klaster besar, musim timur terdapat 3 kelompok klaster besar, musim pancaroba 2 terdapat 4 kelompok klaster besar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klasterisasi yang terjadi dalam setiap musim dipengaruhi oleh hasil tangkapan, pendapatan dan biaya operasional. Jumlah dan struktur klasterisasi armada perikanan skala kecil selalu berubah dalam setiap musim.
KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG EKOSISTEM MANGROVE UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI PULAU PANNIKIANG, KABUPATEN BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Masud Rizka Maulidiyah , Yulianda Fredinan , Yulianto Gatot
Published: January 2021

Ekowisata adalah salah satu upaya yang dapat dikembangkan untuk keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesesuaian dan daya dukung ekosistem mangrove sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan acuan dalam pengambilan kebijakan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2019 di Pulau Pannikiang, Kabupaten Barru, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan matriks analisis Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW), analisis secara spasial dengan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) yang dilanjutkan dengan penilaian Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK) untuk menentukan jumlah maksimum pengunjung yang dapat ditampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IKW di lokasi penelitian dengan kategori sangat sesuai 6,73 ha dan 22,03 ha yang masuk dalam kategori sesuai sehingga total IKW yang diperoleh 28,76 ha. Panjang area yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan tracking adalah 1793,45 m dan daya dukung ekowisata mangrove adalah 287 orang/hari dengan pertimbangan lama waktu berwisata setiap pengunjung (buka 8 jam/hari). Pulau Pannikiang secara keseluruhan masuk dalam kategori sesuai untuk ekowisata dengan kapasitas daya tampung wisatawan dalam kategori baik dan tidak melebihi ambang batas maksimal yang diperbolehkan. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi pengambilan kebijakan yang disarankan adalah membuat peraturan terkait pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF MALANG SAND AS A FILTER MATERIAL ON WATER QUALITY, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MUD CRAB Scylla serrata
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Prastomo Arul Tabah , Affandi Ridwan , Nurussalam Wildan , Wildan Dudi Muhammad , Agus Syamsul Bahri
Published: January 2021

Mud crab Scylla serrata is one of crustacean commodities with high economic value. One of the unsolved obstacles in mud crabs cultivation is crabs’ stress level caused by the declining water quality. The recirculating system is a method for maintaining water quality throughout the rearing period of culture crab. This system can use a variety of physical filter materials, such as zeolite, sand, and other materials. This study aimed to determine the amount of malang sand as a physical filter which positively affect the physiological responses and production performance of mud crabs. This research was carried out using a recirculating system with a completely randomized design conducted in five treatments with three replicates, i.e., malang sand with a weight of 0 kg (control), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg. The results proved that the best physiological response and production performance of mud crab was observed at malang sand treatment with a weight of 5 kg. This treatment showed specific growth rate, absolute growth rate for body weight, absolute growth rate for body length, and the survival rate of mud crabs with the highest value of 0.18±0.061%, 0.13±0.05 g/day, 0.0016±0.00006 cm/day, and 77.77%, respectively, yet it had the lowest feed conversion ratio of 3.76±004. In addition, the 5 kg treatment had water quality parameters in the tolerable ranges for mud crabs’ growth.
Teatro na prisão como educação libertadora
Authors: Martins Afonso Anne
Published: January 2021

Este artigo traz reflexões sobre as vivências ocorridas nos presídios localizados em meio à floresta amazônica, km 08 da BR 174 (Manaus-Venezuela) durante o Projeto Arbítrio: Teatro na Prisão, iniciado em 2015 e atuante até o presente momento. A base da pesquisa-ação fundamenta-se na Pedagogia do Oprimido e da Autonomia, e Educação como Prática Libertadora de Paulo Freire, bem como a Estética do Oprimido de Augusto Boal, revelando contradições existentes entre opressores e oprimidos no processo de conflitos e motivação à autonomia, identidade e legitimidade, por meio da linguagem teatral e do constante diálogo com todos os envolvidos nas penitenciárias de Manaus. A pergunta norteadora é: É possível ser livre na prisão? É possível a Educação Libertadora? A experiência revela que processos sensíveis podem ser motivados com muita potência pelo Teatro do Oprimido, mas dependem de outros fatores relacionados à estrutura e organização prisional.

Palavras-chave: Educação Libertadora; Estética do Oprimido; Pedagogia do Oprimido; Teatro na Prisão.
Validation of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in the investigation of diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer
Authors: Vieira Daniella Serafin Couto , Wopereis Sandro , Walter Laura Otto , Silva Maria Claudia Santos da
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Given its high prevalence, breast cancer has a great financial impact on health systems. Currently, the diagnosis is made by morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, this methodology has some limitations. Therefore, new methods should be developed to assist those in use, based on the fast and safe detection of tumor cells. Objective: To validate immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC) in the investigation of diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer and study lymphocyte subtypes infiltrating the tumor and their relationship with tumor development. Method: A total of 52 samples of breast tumors were sectioned, macerated in phosphate-buffered saline, stained with antibodies against estradiol receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2, Ki67, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD45, and analyzed by FC. All results were compared with IHC (standard method) as to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), except for Ki67, whose analysis involved a comparison of bias between the methods and correlation between lymphocyte subtypes and tumor characteristics. Results: The comparison between FC and IHC for each marker presented the ER analysis (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 90%, PPV: 96.7%, NPV: 47.4%); PR analysis (sensitivity: 72%, specificity: 70%, PPV: 79.3%, NPV: 60.8%); HER2 analysis (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 90.2%, PPV: 66.7%, NPV: 94.9%). The FC Ki67 analysis proved to be equivalent to that of IHC, with the advantage of not having observational bias. No correlations were identified between the profile of the population of intratumoral lymphocytes and the molecular subtype or the histological grade of the tumor. Conclusion: The results show the ability of FC in safely and promptly detecting breast cancer markers used in clinical practice. The use of FC, together with morphological analysis and IHC, might overcome the individual limitations of each methodology, efficiently providing reliable and rapid results, which would lead to faster diagnosis and more accurate prognosis, directly benefiting the patients.
Breast cancer in women: characterization of cases included in the hospital cancer records of the state of São Paulo and factors associated with advanced stadiums
Authors: Almeida Raissa Janine de , Decker Arthur Felipe , Luizaga Carolina Terra de Moraes , MurtaNascimento Cristiane
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is a worldwide public health problem, being the most common malignancy in the female population. It is a potentially curable disease if diagnosed early. The advanced stage at the time of diagnosis is associated with increased morbidity and low survival of these women. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and anatomopathological characteristics of breast cancer cases in women included in the São Paulo State hospital cancer database (registros hospitalares de câncer de São Paulo – RHC-SP), established in 2000 and maintained by the Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo (FOSP) and to investigate the factors associated with the clinical stage at the time of diagnosis. Material and methods: The study design was a series of cases. The sample consisted of women with breast cancer diagnosed between 2000-2014 and included in the RHC-FOSP. The outcome variable was the clinical stage (stage 0-II versus III-IV). The explanatory variables were: age at diagnosis and education level. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP. Results: The study included 84,987 women with in situ and invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2000-2014. The mean age of women at diagnosis was 56.7 years (95%CI 56.6–56.8 years). Sixty-five percent of the cases have complete elementary school or less and the most frequent histological type was ductal carcinoma (77.2%). During the study period, there was a small decrease in the proportion of tumors in more advanced stages, from 39.8% in 2000 to 32.6% in 2014. There was a statistically significant association between the variables age at diagnosis and level of education with the clustered clinical stage of women. Women of older age and those with a higher level of education had reduced odds ratios for tumors in more advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: These findings may contribute to the development of policies for the identification of breast tumors at an earlier stage.
Correlation between the presence of androgenic receptors and molecular and histopathological variables in breast cancer
Authors: Geronymo Beatriz Baaklini , Carvalho Filomena Marinho , Yoshimura Adriana Akemi , Andrade Juliana Zabukas de , Andrade Danúbia Ariana , Barros Alfredo Carlos Simoes Dornelas de
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The expression of androgenic receptors (AR) is a new predictive marker of response and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma (BC). It emerges as a potential therapeutic target. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of AR positivity and its correlation with molecular and histopathological parameters in infiltrative BC. Method: Retrospective cohort study, analyzing 119 cases of invasive non-metastatic BC, seen at a private clinic. Hormonal receptors were screened by immunohistochemical reaction, and AR were considered positive when present in at least 10% of cells, ER and PR from 1%. This finding was correlated with pathological staging, histological grade (HG), vascular-lymphatic invasion (VLI), estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (RP), HER2 and Ki 67. Results: Androgen receptors were positive in 80.6% of cases. In the assessment of pathological staging, of the 63 patients with stage I, 81% showed positive androgen receptors, while among the 28 patients with stage II, 75% had positive androgen receptors, and 88% of the 17 patients with stage III presented the positivity of the recipient. Regarding the histological parameters of the tumor, 16 patients had grade 1 tumors, 93.7% of them with positive androgen receptors, while among the 63 with grade 2 tumors 90.4% had androgen receptor positivity, and only 59, 3% of the 27 tumors evaluated as grade 3 had a positive androgen receptor. The vascular-lymphatic invasion was negative in 57 patients, 78.9% of the tumors with positive androgen receptor. Among the 56 tumors with positive vascular-lymphatic invasion, 85.7% had an androgen receptor positivity. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of tumors, among the 95 patients with positive estrogen receptors, 91.5% also had positive androgen receptor, which was positive in only 37.5% of the 24 patients with negative estrogen receptors. Of the 21 patients who had tumors with overexpressed HER, 85.7% also had positive androgen receptors, which were also positive in 86.4% of 96 without overexpression of HER2. In the evaluation of cell proliferation by the Ki67 antigen, among the 50 tumors with Ki67 <20%, 94% had positive androgen receptors, while 83.7% were positive among the 49 tumors with Ki67 between 20 and 50% and only 35% positivity of androgen receptors in 17 tumors with Ki67> 50%. Conclusions: AR positivity is associated with more differentiated hormone-dependent tumors with a lower proliferation rate.
Relationship between tils and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response /in breast cancer
Authors: Mansani Fabio Postiglione , Schimim Hanna Jeny
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer corresponds to 25% of new cancer cases each year. In Brazil, the rate is 29.5% and 59,700 new cases were estimated in 2019. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are observed in some solid tumors, including breast cancer, the amount of TIL is an indirect marker of the pre-existing antitumor activated T cell response, reflecting the host’s antitumor immunity. Studies show that its presence is an independent predictor of complete pathological response (PRC) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (QTneo) and its presence provides a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the presence and value of TIL with the pathological response after QTneo in patients with breast cancer. Materials and methods: An analytical, descriptive, retrospective, case-control study was carried out with 40 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent QTneo between 01/01/2016 to 01/01/2019 at the ISPON complex in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Data collection was carried out in electronic medical records. The association between variables was tested with the χ2 test and the intensity of the association with the Odds Ratio estimate with a 95% confidence interval. TIL were considered absent when 0, low when 1% to 10%, moderate when 11% to 59%, and high if 60% or more; this division was based on other articles that quantify TIL. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 50 years old, 13 of them (32.5%) had PRC, 15 (37.5%) had a partial response, and 13 (30%) had no response to QTneo. Of the 13 that obtained PRC, 7 (53.8%) were triple negative (TN), 5 (38.4%) HER 2, and 1 (7.6%) Luminal. PRC was more frequent in triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma (53.8%), the frequency of PRC in the luminal subtype was significantly lower than that of TN (p=0.03), with the worst response to QTneo. The mean age of patients who had PRC was 48 years. TIL were present in 27 (67.5%) patients, whose value was low in 57.5%, moderate in 3 patients, and high in one case. The presence of TIL, regardless of their value, increased the probability of PRC by 7.7 times when compared to their absence (OR 7.7 CI 1.15‒51.17 p=0.03). When considering its value, it was found that higher values conferred a significant association with PRC (p=0.01). There was a statistically significant association between the clinical stage (CS) and the presence of response to QTneo, patients with locally advanced neoplasia were 6.44 times more likely to respond than patients in an early stage (p=0.015). Conclusion: TIL can be used as a predictor of response to QTneo, being an aid in choosing this treatment and an indicator of better prognosis. The evaluation of TIL should be performed routinely in the preparation of anatomopathological reports, as it is an indication of the investigation of PD-L1 and its blockade, if present.
Uni-institutional analysis of patients diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Rodrigues Costa , Prata Camila Zerbini , Facina Gil , Segreto Roberto Araujo , Dias Rodrigo Souza
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The treatment for Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery with or without adjuvant Radiotherapy (RT). Regarding the conserving treatment, ipsilateral recurrence is the main reason of concern. Randomized studies show that RT reduces the risk of local recurrence (LR). Age, comedonecrosis, absence of endocrine therapy (ET) and positive margins are also prognostic factors. Objective: To assess the local relapse-free survival (LRFS) of patients with DCIS treated with breast-conserving surgery, followed by adjuvant RT, and to identify possible prognostic factors related to LR. Method: between March 2007 and December 2017, we identified 95 women diagnosed with DCIS and treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant RT in Hospital São Paulo (HSP/UNIFESP). Regarding RT, we used the 3D technique with conventional fractionation (50/50.4 Gy and 2/1.8 Gy fraction per day), or hypofractionation (40 Gy and 2.67 Gy fraction per day). The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and evaluation of LR. Factors such as characteristics of the patients, the tumor and the treatment were correlated by using Fisher’s Exact Test and Kruskall-Wallis test. The log-rank test was used for the Kaplan-Meier comparison. The results were considered as statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: 71.6% of the patients were 50 years old or older; margins were negative in 70.5% of the cases, and 78.9% of the patients presented with positive hormone receptors. Regarding RT, 89.5% of the patients were treated with conventional fractionation. The median follow-up of patients was 67 months (8-150 months). LRFS was 97.8% and 91.9% in 5 and 10 years, respectively. Among the assessed factors, negative hormone receptors (p<0.001) and absence of ET (p=0.022) were prognostic factors for LR. The margin status was not associated with higher rates of LR. Conclusion: The LRFS of the patients diagnosed with DCIS who underwent a conserving treatment in HSP/UNIFESP is favorably compared to the results described in the literature. Negative hormone receptors and absence of ET had an influence on local control.
Stage iv breast cancer surgery. Case serie
Authors: Paniagua María Liz Bareiro
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Distant site tumor implantation implies a severe condition, stimulated by an additional genome evolution that compromises the survival (6 months in the visceral metastasis). The literature is still controversial, and the guidelines recommend surgery only as palliative care. New results are conflicting, however, the initial modern systemic therapy, followed by the resection of the primary tumor, seems to improve the global survival (GS). “De Novo Metastasis (MT)” is that found in the diagnostic investigation. Objective: To assess the results of the primary metastatic breast cancer (BC) surgery. Method: retrospective review of medical records in a cohort of patients with metastatic BC treated between 2011 and 2018 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Result: Eleven patients were included. (Group A= 6 patients with De Novo MT, and Group B= 5 patients with MT in the follow-up). In both cases, invasive ductal carcinoma was prevalent, frequently of grade 3 and with high Ki-67, Luminal B and Her-2. There was a mutation (BRCA2), and the PET CT was correlated to the complete pathological response. In group A, the patients were younger (50% <40 years old), 5/6 initiated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), all underwent mastectomy (multicentricity or size), 33% presented with imaging and pathological complete response (pCR). Of the MT, 50% were in the bone; 1/6 had negative and operated liver and pulmonary MT (HER-2), with disease-free survival (DFS) superior to 12 months. In group B, all MTs came after local recurrence (LR) (between 3 and 11 months); 40% had high initial axillary compromise (pN= mean of 25), and Luminal B, being treated according to the guidelines. In 2/5 (40%) of visceral MT, 18 months of DFS were observed after pCR and primary tumor resection. Finally, in the follow-up (mean of 42 months), there were two casualties (TN) in group A, and 4/6 presented DFS between 17 and 72 months. In group B, 3/5 presented DFS between 12 and 24 months. Conclusion: In this sample, the pathological complete response suggested better prognosis before surgery. There was benefit in the survival of visceral MT (including multiple ones) with pCR and breast surgery in comparison to the literature; further studies are required, considering the limitations of this analysis.
التوازن البيئي في الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: ELMEDENİ Enes
Published: January 2021

يتناول هذا البحث علاقة التوازن البيئي بالشريعة الإسلامية، فقد أصبحت قضية البيئة والمحافظة عليها من القضايا المهمة في عالمنا المعاصر؛ لأنها تمس حياة كل الناس على وجه الأرض، والمتتبع لكتب التراث الإسلامي لا يجد أحكاماً تفصيلية للقضايا البيئية كونها من النوازل الحادثة، لكن الشريعة الإسلامية بشمولها لجميع القضايا التي تهم المسلم، ومرونتها لتصلح لكل زمان ومكان، تمتلك من النصوص، والمبادئ، والقواعد، ما يمكنها من مواكبة قضايا العصر الحادثة كقضية التوازن البيئي.

ومن خلال البحث حاولت اظهار علاقة الشريعة الإسلامية بقضية التوازن البيئي عبر تقسيم الموضوع إلى خمسة أقسام: القسم الأول خصصته لبيان مفهوم التوازن البيئي، وارتباطه بالشريعة الإسلامية، والقسم الثاني سلَّطت الضوء فيه على أهم المبادئ الإسلامية في الحفاظ على التوازن البيئي، والقسم الثالث ذكرت فيه علاقة مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية في حفظ التوازن البيئي، والقسم الرابع أشرت فيه إلى أهم القواعد الفقهية، وتطبيقاتها في التوازن البيئي، وأما القسم الأخير، فأبرزت فيه أهم وسائل تقويم الاختلال البيئي في الإسلام.
İmam-ı A‘zam Ebû Hanîfe’nin Muâmelât Alanında Yalnız Kaldığı Bazı Görüşler ve Görüşlerin Analizi
Authors: AYTEKİN Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2021

İmam Ebû Hanîfe İslam düşünce ve fıkıh tarihinde derin izler bırakan ender şahsiyetlerden biridir. Bu nedenle onun hayatı, düşünce yapısı, ilmî yönü, fıkhî görüşleri hem tarihi süreçte hem de modern dönemde araştırmalara ve ilmî çalışmalara konu olmuş; bu çalışmalarda onun İslam düşünce tarihindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bununla birlikte İmam Ebû Hanîfe bazı yönlerden eleştirilmiştir. Esasında eleştirilen hususlara dair yapılan ilmî çalışmalarda eleştirilerin haksız olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Onun bazı fıkhî meselelerin hükmünde yalnız kalması da eleştirilen yönlerden biridir. Diğer üç mezhep imamının ve kendi öğrencilerinin farklı kanaatte olduğu bu meselelerde Ebû Hanîfe hadislere aykırı hareket etmekle itham edilmiştir. Ancak tarafların delilleri incelendiğinde ithamların haksız ve yersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Zira ictihadlarında Kitap, sünnet, icma, kıyas, sahabe kavli, istihsan ve örf gibi delilleri kullanan Ebû Hanîfe, bu meselelerde yalnız kalsa da mutlaka bir delilden hareket etmiştir. Nitekim yalnız kaldığı meselelerin ekseriyetinde Hanefî mezhebinde onun görüşleri müftâbih kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ebû Hanîfe’nin muâmelât alanında yalnız kaldığı bazı görüşleri ele alınmıştır.