bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Presence of Nonionic Surfactant Brij35 on the Mobility of Metribuzin in Soil
Authors: ElSayed Eman , Prasher Shiv
Published: April 2013

Given the water scarcity becoming endemic to a large portion of the globe, arid region irrigation has resorted to the use of treated, partially treated, or even untreated wastewaters. Such waters contain a number of pollutants, including surfactants. Applied to agricultural lands, these surfactants could affect the fate and transport of other chemicals in the soil, particularly pesticides. A field lysimeter study was undertaken to investigate the effect of nonionic surfactant, Brij35, on the in-soil fate and transport of a commonly used herbicide, metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one]. Nine PVC lysimeters, 1.0 m long × 0.45 m diameter, were packed with a sandy soil to a bulk density of 1.35 mg m−3. Antibiotic-free cattle manure was applied (10 mg ha−1) at the surface of the lysimeters. Metribuzin was then applied to the soil surface of all lysimeters at a rate of 1.00 kg a.i. ha−1. Each of three aqueous Brij35 solutions, 0, 0.5 and 5 mg L−1 (i.e., “good”, “poor” and “very poor” quality irrigation water) were each applied to the lysimeters in triplicate. Analysis for metribuzin residues in samples of both soil and leachate, collected over a 90-day period, showed the surfactant Brij35 to have increased the mobility of metribuzin in soil, indicating that continued use of poor quality water could influence pesticide transport in agricultural soils, and increase the risk of groundwater contamination.
Photopolymerization Reactions: On the Way to a Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Tehfe Mohamad , Louradour Fanny , Lalevée Jacques , Fouassier Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2013

The present paper reviews some aspects concerned with the development of green technologies in the photopolymerization area: use of visible light sources (Xe and Hg-Xe lamps, diode lasers), soft irradiation conditions (household lamps: halogen lamp, fluorescence bulbs, LED bulbs), sunlight exposure, development of very efficient photoinitiating systems and use of renewable monomers. The drawbacks/breakthroughs encountered when going on the way of a greener approach are discussed. Examples of recent achievements are presented.
Surgical Resection of Brain Metastases—Impact on Neurological Outcome
Authors: Schödel Petra , Schebesch Karl-Michael , Brawanski Alexander , Proescholdt Martin
Published: April 2013

Brain metastases (BM) develop in about 30% of all cancer patients. Surgery plays an important role in confirming neuropathological diagnosis, relieving mass effects and improving the neurological status. To select patients with the highest benefit from surgical resection, prognostic indices (RPA, GPA) have been formulated which are solely focused on survival without considering neurological improvement. In this study we analyzed the impact of surgical resection on the neurological status in addition to overall survival in 206 BM patients. Surgical mortality and morbidity was 0.0% and 10.3% respectively. New neurologic deficits occurred in 6.3% of all patients. The median overall survival was 6.3 months. Poor RPA class and short time interval between diagnosis of cancer and the occurrence of BM were independent factors predictive for poor survival. Improvement of neurological performance was achieved in 56.8% of all patients, with the highest improvement rate seen in patients presenting with increased intracranial pressure and hemiparesis. Notably, the neurological benefits were independent from RPA class. In conclusion, surgical resection leads to significant neurological improvement despite poor RPA class and short overall survival. Considering the low mortality and morbidity rates, resection should be considered as a valid option to increase neurological function and quality of life for patients with BM.
Improving Pharmaceutical Protein Production in Oryza sativa
Authors: Kuo Yu-Chieh , Tan Chia-Chun , Ku Jung-Ting , Hsu Wei-Cho , Su Sung-Chieh , Lu Chung-An , Huang Li-Fen
Published: April 2013

Application of plant expression systems in the production of recombinant proteins has several advantages, such as low maintenance cost, absence of human pathogens, and possession of complex post-translational glycosylation capabilities. Plants have been successfully used to produce recombinant cytokines, vaccines, antibodies, and other proteins, and rice (Oryza sativa) is a potential plant used as recombinant protein expression system. After successful transformation, transgenic rice cells can be either regenerated into whole plants or grown as cell cultures that can be upscaled into bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of different recombinant protein produced in rice and describes their production methods as well as methods to improve protein yield and quality. Glycosylation and its impact in plant development and protein production are discussed, and several methods of improving yield and quality that have not been incorporated in rice expression systems are also proposed. Finally, different bioreactor options are explored and their advantages are analyzed.
The Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway—New Key Players and Interconnections with Other Signaling Networks Crucial for Plant Development and Stress Tolerance
Authors: Gruszka Damian
Published: April 2013

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones regulating a wide range of physiological processes during the plant life cycle from seed development to the modulation of flowering and senescence. The last decades, and recent years in particular, have witnessed a significant advance in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of BR signaling from perception by the transmembrane receptor complex to the regulation of transcription factors influencing expression of the target genes. Application of the new approaches shed light on the molecular functions of the key players regulating the BR signaling cascade and allowed identification of new factors. Recent studies clearly indicated that some of the components of BR signaling pathway act as multifunctional proteins involved in other signaling networks regulating diverse physiological processes, such as photomorphogenesis, cell death control, stomatal development, flowering, plant immunity to pathogens and metabolic responses to stress conditions, including salinity. Regulation of some of these processes is mediated through a crosstalk between BR signalosome and the signaling cascades of other hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid. Unravelling the complicated mechanisms of BR signaling and its interconnections with other molecular networks may be of great importance for future practical applications in agriculture.
The Cloning and Characterization of the Enolase2 Gene of Gekko japonicus and Its Polyclonal Antibody Preparation
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Ronghua , Chen Haijiao , Zhou Youlang , Li Yan , Wang Yongjun , Liu Yan , Liu Mei
Published: April 2013

The enolase2 gene is usually expressed in mature neurons and also named neuron specific enolase (NSE). In the present study, we first obtained the NSE gene cDNA sequence by using the RACE method based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) fragment from the cDNA library of Gekko japonicus and identified one transcript of about 2.2 kb in central nervous system of Gekko japonicus by Northern blotting. The open reading frame of NSE is 1305 bp, which encodes a 435 amino-acid protein. We further investigated the multi-tissue expression pattern of NSE by RT-PCR and found that the expression of NSE mRNA was very high in brain, spinal cord and low in heart, while it was not detectable in other tissues. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate the time-dependent change in the expression of the NSE mRNA level after gecko spinal cord transection and found it significantly increased at one day, reaching its highest level three days post-injury and then decreasing at the seventh day of the experiment. The recombinant plasmid of pET-32a-NSE was constructed and induced to express His fused NSE protein. The purified NSE protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate polyclonal antisera. The titer of the antiserum was more than 1:65536 determined by ELISA. Western blotting showed that the prepared antibody could specifically recognize the recombinant and endogenous NSE protein. The result of immunohistochemistry revealed that positive signals were present in neurons of the brain and the spinal cord. This study provided the tools of cDNA and polyclonal antibody for studying NSE function in Gekko japonicus.
Endothelial Aging Associated with Oxidative Stress Can Be Modulated by a Healthy Mediterranean Diet
Authors: Marín Carmen , Yubero-Serrano Elena , López-Miranda José , Pérez-Jiménez Francisco
Published: April 2013

Aging is a condition which favors the development of atherosclerosis, which has been associated with a breakdown in repair processes that occurs in response to cell damage. The dysregulation of the biological systems associated with aging are produced partly through damage which accumulates over time. One major source of this injury is oxidative stress, which can impair biological structures and the mechanisms by which they are repaired. These mechanisms are based on the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis and aging. The dependent dysfunction of aging has been correlated with a reduction in the number and/or functional activity of endothelial progenitor cells, which could hinder the repair and regeneration of the endothelium. In addition, aging, inflammation and oxidative stress are endogenous factors that cause telomere shortening, which is dependent on oxidative cell damage. Moreover, telomere length correlates with lifestyle and the consumption of a healthy diet. Thus, diseases associated with aging and age may be caused by the long-term effects of oxidative damage, which are modified by genetic and environmental factors. Considering that diet is a very important source of antioxidants, in this review we will analyze the relationship between oxidative stress, aging, and the mechanisms which may be involved in a higher survival rate and a lower incidence of the diseases associated with aging in populations which follow a healthy diet.
Triterpenoids from the Roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Lin Chu-Hung , Chang Hsun-Shuo , Liao Hsiang-Ruei , Chen Ih-Sheng , Tsai Ian-Lih
Published: April 2013

Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-19β,28-olide (1) and 3β,5β-dihydroxyglutinol (2), together with eight known compounds (3–10) were isolated from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi (Rosaceae). The structures of 1–10 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Among these isolates, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (9) exhibited inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, with an IC50 value of 16.50 μM.
Metabolomics in Adult and Pediatric Nephrology
Authors: Fanos Vassilios , Fanni Claudia , Ottonello Giovanni , Noto Antonio , Dessì Angelica , Mussap Michele
Published: April 2013

Metabolomics, the latest of the “omics” sciences, has a non-selective approach and can thus lead to the identification of all the metabolites (molecules < 1 kDa) in a biological system. The metabolomic profile can be considered the most predictive phenotype capable of evaluating epigenetic modifications determined by external factors. It is so close to the phenotype as to be considered the phenotype itself in its unique individuality (fingerprinting), both in health (phenome), and disease (diseasome). Urine, compared to other biological liquids, has the advantage of being a complex fluid with many components, including intermediate metabolites. Metabolomics may thus play a role in the study of different kidney diseases and overcome diagnostic difficulties. We shall present the studies that to our knowledge have been published on Nephrology and Pediatric Nephrology. Some are experimental while others are clinical. We have not considered carcinomas and transplantations. Although scarce, the data on adults and the very few ones in pediatrics are quite interesting. Further studies on kidneys are needed to determine the practical clinical impact of metabolomics in kidney renal pathologies. The “multiplatform” “omic” study of urine and namely metabolomics can contribute to improving early diagnosis and the outcome of kidney diseases.
Enhancement or Reduction of Sonochemical Activity of Pulsed Ultrasound Compared to Continuous Ultrasound at 20 kHz?
Authors: Sun Yujing , Ye Xingqian
Published: April 2013

Little is known about the efficacy of pulsed ultrasound compared with continuous ultrasound. Previous studies on the efficacy of pulsed ultrasound were not systematic and gave different results. In this study, the effects of pulse length, pulse interval, pulse length × pulse intervals, and treatment time on sonochemical activity were investigated using a simple oxidation of iodide method and a comparison of the efficacy of pulsed ultrasound and continuous ultrasound is made. The results showed that the main factor in the efficacy of pulsed ultrasound was pulse length when pulse length varied from 0.1 to 1 s. However, the main factors were pulse length, the pulse length × pulse interval, and pulse interval when pulse length varied from 1 to 9 s. Pulsed ultrasound had no effect when the pulse length was 0.1 s; however, the sonochemical activity of pulsed ultrasound decreased compared to continuous ultrasound as the pulse length varied from 0.1 to 1 s. The sonochemical activity of pulsed ultrasound either increased or decreased compared to continuous ultrasound when pulse length varied from 1 to 9 s, but the increase or decrease had no clear trend. The sonochemical activity was constant at Ton/Toff = 2 s/2 s and slightly decreased at Ton/Toff = 3 s/2 s with time, whereas the sonochemical activity of continuous ultrasound significantly decreased with time. Enhancement or reduction of sonochemical activity of pulsed ultrasound compared to continuous ultrasound depended on the pulse length and pulse interval.
Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Proliferative Activity on Human Prostate Cancer Cells Lines of the Phenolic Compounds from Corylopsis coreana Uyeki
Authors: Kim Manh , Ha Sung , Oh Myeong , Kim Han , Kim So , Lee Min
Published: April 2013

Fifteen phenolic compounds, including three caffeoyl derivatives, four gallotannins, three ellagitannins and five flavonoids, were isolated from an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (Korean winter hazel; CL). The anti-oxidative activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT)] and the anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and LNCaP) were also evaluated.
Pollen Performance in Clarkia Taxa with Contrasting Mating Systems: Implications for Male Gametophytic Evolution in Selfers and Outcrossers
Authors: Hove Alisa , Mazer Susan
Published: April 2013

We tested three predictions regarding the joint evolution of pollen performance and mating system. First, due to the potential for intense intrasexual competition in outcrossing populations, we predicted that outcrossers would produce faster-growing pollen than their selfing relatives. Second, if elevated competition promotes stronger selection on traits that improve pollen performance, then, among-plant variation in pollen performance would be lower in outcrossers than in selfers. Third, given successive generations of adaptation to the same maternal genotype in selfers, we predicted that, in selfing populations (but not in outcrossing ones), pollen would perform better following self- than cross-pollinations. We tested these predictions in field populations of two pairs of Clarkia (Onagraceae) sister taxa. Consistent with our predictions, one outcrosser (C. unguiculata) exhibited faster pollen germination and less variation in pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) among pollen donors than its selfing sister species, C. exilis. Contrary to our predictions, the selfing C. xantiana ssp. parviflora exhibited faster PTGR than the outcrossing ssp. xantiana, and these taxa showed similar levels of variation in this trait. Pollen performance following self- vs. cross-pollinations did not differ within either selfing or outcrossing taxa. While these findings suggest that mating system and pollen performance may jointly evolve in Clarkia, other factors clearly contribute to pollen performance in natural populations.
The Development of Sun-Tracking System Using Image Processing
Authors: Lee Cheng-Dar , Huang Hong-Cheng , Yeh Hong-Yih
Published: April 2013

This article presents the development of an image-based sun position sensor and the algorithm for how to aim at the Sun precisely by using image processing. Four-quadrant light sensors and bar-shadow photo sensors were used to detect the Sun’s position in the past years. Nevertheless, neither of them can maintain high accuracy under low irradiation conditions. Using the image-based Sun position sensor with image processing can address this drawback. To verify the performance of the Sun-tracking system including an image-based Sun position sensor and a tracking controller with embedded image processing algorithm, we established a Sun image tracking platform and did the performance testing in the laboratory; the results show that the proposed Sun tracking system had the capability to overcome the problem of unstable tracking in cloudy weather and achieve a tracking accuracy of 0.04°.
Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder joint in dogs
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Samoy Y. , Polis I. , van Bree H. , Van Ryssen B. , Van Vynckt D.
Published: April 2013

Objective To evaluate the use of intraarticular anaesthesia combined with positive contrast arthrography (collectively called ‘anaesthetic arthrography’ [AA]) in the shoulder in order to identify and confirm the source of pain in lame dogs.

Methods Anaesthetic arthrography was performed in 30 dogs with shoulder joint lameness with a mixture of contrast medium (iohexol: 240 mg I/ml) and a local anaesthetic (mepivacaine 2%: 20 mg/ml). The effect of intra-articular anaesthesia was evaluated by an objectified visual scoring system and the arthrograms were evaluated for their diagnostic value.

Results This study showed that AA was positive in 28 out of 30 dogs. Dilution of the contrast medium with a local anaesthetic produced an arthrogram of good quality for each shoulder joint. In 16 out of 18 cases of osteochondritis dissecans, a cartilage flap could be identified following arthrography. In all cases the flap was not identified from plain radiographs. Biceps brachii tendon pathology was diagnosed on arthrography in seven dogs but was missed in two dogs. Calcification at the caudal rim of the glenoid cavity was diagnosed in three dogs, but was of clinical importance in only two dogs. In addition one infection was diagnosed during synovial aspiration.

Conclusion Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder is a simple, safe, and reliable diagnostic test to confirm shoulder joint pain and simultaneously identify a lesion. This procedure may be of particular importance in cases of occult shoulder joint lameness when clinical findings and plain radiographs are inconclusive.
Postnatal Transplantation of Interneuronal Precursor Cells Decreases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Mice
Authors: Valente M. F. , Romariz S. , Calcagnotto M. E. , Ruiz L. , Mello L. E. , Frussa-Filho R. , Longo B. M.
Published: April 2013

The GABAergic system is critically involved in the modulation of anxiety levels, and dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission appears to be involved in the development of generalized anxiety disorder. Precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) have the ability to migrate and differentiate into inhibitory GABAergic interneurons after being transplanted into the mouse brain. Thus, transplantation of interneuronal precursor cells derived from the MGE into a postnatal brain could modify the neuronal circuitry, increasing GABAergic tone and decreasing anxiety-like behavior in animals. Our aim was to verify the in vivo effects of transplanted MGE cells by evaluating anxiety-like behavior in mice. MGE cells from 14-day green fluorescent protein (GFP) embryos were transplanted into newborn mice. At 15, 30, and 60 days posttransplant, the animals were tested for anxiety behavior with the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Our results show that transplanted cells from MGE were able to migrate to different regions of the brain parenchyma and to differentiate into inhibitory interneurons. The neuronal precursor cell transplanted animals had decreased levels of anxiety, indicating a specific function of these cells in vivo. We suggested that transplantation of MGE-derived neuronal precursors into neonate brain could strengthen the inhibitory function of the GABAergic neuronal circuitry related to anxiety-like behavior in mice.
New microsatellite loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Bessega Cecilia F. , Pometti Carolina L. , Miller Joe T. , Watts Richard , Saidman Beatriz O. , Vilardi Juan C.
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: As only six useful microsatellite loci that exhibit broad cross‐amplification are so far available for Prosopis species, it is necessary to develop a larger number of codominant markers for population genetic studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers obtained for Prosopis species from a 454 pyrosequencing run were optimized and characterized for studies in P. alba and P. chilensis.

• Methods and Results: Twelve markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism in P. alba and P. chilensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged between two and seven and heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. Most of these loci cross‐amplify in P. ruscifolia, P. flexuosa, P. kuntzei, P. glandulosa, and P. pallida.

• Conclusions: These loci will enable genetic diversity studies of P. alba and P. chilensis and contribute to fine‐scale population structure, indirect estimation of relatedness among individuals, and marker‐assisted selection.
Spectroscopic characterization of photoaccumulated radical anions: a litmus test to evaluate the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes
Authors: Fagnoni Maurizio , Protti Stefano , Ravelli Davide , Albini Angelo
Published: April 2013

Steady-state irradiation in neat acetonitrile of some aromatic nitriles, imides and esters (10−5–10−3 M solution) in the presence of tertiary amines allowed the accumulation of the corresponding radical anions, up to quantitative yield for polysubstituted benzenes and partially with naphthalene and anthracene derivatives. The condition for such an accumulation was that the donor radical cation underwent further evolution that precluded back electron transfer and any chemical reaction with the radical anion. In fact, no accumulation occurred with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), for which this condition is not possible. The radical anions were produced from benzene polyesters too, but decomposition began early. Ipso substitution was one of the paths with secondary amines and the only reaction with tetrabutylstannane. The results fully support the previously proposed mechanism for electron transfer (ET) mediated photochemical alkylation of aromatic acceptors via radical ions and radical intermediates.
Case studies and case reports. Management and legal orientations to text
Authors: Resta Simonetta
Published: April 2013

La linguistique ayant, depuis les années 1970 et 1980 étendu son champ d’études, pour la syntaxe, au-delà de la phrase détachée de son contexte, et pour la sémantique au-delà du mot pris isolément, l’intérêt s’est porté, inéluctablement, vers une linguistique du texte, de champ élargi, dans laquelle à la fois le mot et la phrase sont conçus comme les composantes, indissociables de leur contexte, d’une unité plus globale de communication : le discours. Cette réorientation a conduit à des essais de construction de typologies textuelles, puis à de la textologie comparée, qui étudie contrastivement différents types de textes (ou genres), pour en dégager les critères caractéristiques. Le présent article — qui est pour l’essentiel le reflet d’un travail en cours davantage qu’un apport définitif — montre comment les techniques de micro-analyse du discours spécialisé et l’approche sémiotique plus large peuvent se combiner pour mettre en évidence les similitudes et les différences entre deux genres bien distincts : le compte rendu judiciaire et l’étude de cas en gestion des entreprises.
Transformation of a Reluctant Patient to a Proactive Health Advocate
Authors: Ford Peg
Published: April 2013

In this article, the author explores their journey first as a person encountering the most devastating experience one can have on Planet Earth as a human being - facing a life-threatening health crisis. The other journey was even more challenging - how to live your life as a survivor with always facing the risk of a recurrence of the most lethal gynecologic cancer, and the importance of making sense of this experience. The author has learned to look at life experiences for the gifts and the lessons and this certainly is a major one.
Transformation of a Reluctant Patient to a Proactive Health Advocate
Authors: Khan Tamkin
Published: April 2013

‘Transformation of a reluctant patient to a proactive health advocate’ is the story of the gradual makeover of a proud and isolated person diagnosed with ovarian cancer fighting her own lonely battle to a positive, upbeat, proactive health advocate passionately involved in helping other patients, their doctors and the community as a whole fight this war. The story gives us a lot of insight into the ‘human face’ of ovarian cancer and is a good resource material for a medical humanities module.
Smart Cities Learning
Authors: Giovannella Carlo , Baraniello Vincenzo
Published: April 2013

The cities, despite the huge size reached by some and the problems by which they are sometimes afflicted, continue to attract people and pose epochal sustainability challenges to which policy makers and planners have decided to respond with a top-down functionalist approach aiming at transforming the cities in “smart cities”. The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of such approach highlighting its limitations as far as education systems are concerned. The hope is to contribute to arise awareness and foster a timely and necessary redefinition of the functionalist approach to appropriately face an unavoidable transformation of the education system (space, strategies, processes and methods) that in turn will require the future learners to widen their skills to become smart enough to lifelong learn within and from smart territories.
A Citizen-Centred Approach to Education in the Smart City
Authors: Gaved Mark , Jones Ann , Kukulska-Hulme Agnes , Scanlon Eileen
Published: April 2013

Smart cities are often developed in a top-down approach and designers may see citizens as bits within data flows. A more human-centred perspective would be to consider what the smart city might afford its citizens. A high speed, pervasive network infrastructure offers the opportunity for ubiquitous mobile learning to become a reality. The MASELTOV project sees the smart city as enabling technology enhanced incidental learning: unplanned or unintentional learning that takes place in everyday life, in any place, at any time, with the city itself the context and the prompt for learning episodes. Migrants in particular will benefit: limited in their opportunity to attend formal education yet with a pressing need for language learning to support their integration. Incidental learning services, like smart city planning, need interdisciplinary communication for successful development. The authors describe the MASELTOV Incidental Learning Framework which will act as a boundary object to facilitate this process.
Research on Precision Experimental Table for CO2 Laser Machining Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Xiang Heng Fu , Zhang Li Jun
Published: April 2013

In order to experiment study of CO2 laser machining polymer-based microfluidic chip, a laser micro-processing precision experimental table was built. A servo feed system directly driven by linear motor was designed to achieve high speed and high position accuracy. Dual-CPU open CNC system used Industrial Personal Computer(IPC) as master computer and PMAC controller as slave computer was constructed to ensure system real-time control. In order to increase position accuracy of precision table, a forecast model of the linear motor position error was put forward based on LSSVM and error compensation was processed. Research results indicated that the use of radial basis function of the LSSVM could improve linear motor position accuracy.
Progress and Research Status of CO2 Laser Machining Polymer Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Xiang Heng Fu , Zhang Li Jun
Published: April 2013

CO2 laser rapidly patterning microfluidic chips on polymer substrate with direct writing ablation had attracted many experts from domestic and foreign in resent years. This method had features of flexible, rapid, easily controllable and high efficient, and was regarded as the most potentialized fabrication method to improve the development of microfluidic systems. This paper systematically reviewed polymer substrate materials, the mechanism of laser and material, fabrication models and factors influenced the fabrication process, as well as the influence on microfluidic chips fabrication quality by laser process parameters. Moreover, the existent problems and possible resolutions based on the mechanisms of interactions between laser and materials was analyzed.
Morphology and Microstructure of IrxSi1-xO2 Oxides as Anodic Electrocatalyst for Electrosynthesis of Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Authors: Sun Meng Meng , Wang Qing Fa , Wang Li
Published: April 2013

The anodes of IrxSi1-xO2/Ti (x= 0.2~1) were prepared by thermal decomposition of non-aqueous solution of iridium chloride (IrCl3) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The microstructure and surface morphology of the IrxSi1-xO2 coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM. A large amount of fine crystallites aggregated on the surface of coatings to form a porous structure with a range of particle size of 15-18nm. The particle size decreased firstly and then increased with increase of silica content and received a minimum value at the Ir0.6Si0.4O2 coatings. The electrochemical characterization determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicated that the IrxSi1-xO2 coating with x=0.6 showed a maximum surface charge (q). The experiments of electrochemical synthesis of N2O5 from N2O4 in nitric acid indicated that the Ir0.6Si0.4O2 coating had the best electrocatalytic performance.
Modification of PVDF Membranes by Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Liu Qi Feng , Wang Qi , Yan Shao Hui
Published: April 2013

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to obtain partially defluorinated fluoropolymers with expected properties such as improved hydrophilicity and fouling resistance (used as membrane material). The effects of concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide were investigated. The results showed that the membrane’s hydrophilicity increased with increase of the fraction of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The fouling potential also decreased with the increase of the fraction of alkaline treated PVDF powder.
Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel and Alloy 625 in Supercritical Water Oxidation for Coking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Yu Zhen , Wang Shu Zhong , Guo Yang , Xu Dong Hai , Tang Xin Ying , Yu Guang Xin , Yu Hang
Published: April 2013

The corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and alloy 625 were deteced in superciritical water oxidation (SCWO) process for coking wastewater treatment. The operation conditions were 500 °C, 25 MPa, oxygen ratio of 3.5 and the reaction time of 150 h. Surface morphologies of metal samples, oxide structure and compositions across the oxide thickness of the metal samples after SCWO were analyzed using SEM and ESD, and the corrosion rates for both samples were obtained. Pitting corrosion was found on the surface of 316L stainless steel with a corrosion rate of 0.334 mm/a. While no remarkable corrosion was found on the surface of alloy 625, and the corrosion rate is 0.052 mm/a.
Preparation of Nd3+/TiO2/HNTs by Ion Imprinting Technology and its Photodegradation Property on Tetracycline
Authors: Gao Xun , Huo Peng Wei , Liu Xiao Lin , Wu Di , Lu Zi Yang , Yan Yong Sheng
Published: April 2013

Nd3+ has been immobilized on TiO2/HNTs with conducting polymers by ions imprinting technology. The results showed that the neodymium ion imprinting photocatalysts could improve the photocatalytic activity of degradation on the tetracycline solution. The photodegradation rate of 40mg L-1 tetracycline simulated wastewater could reach 68.70%.
Detection of Reinforced Concrete Crack Using Mechano-Luminescence Paint
Authors: Jang Il Young , Kim Seong Kyum , Kim Ji Sik , Ann Ki Yong , Cho Chang Geun
Published: April 2013

As a nonuniform and unisotropic material with a relatively low tensile strength in spite of high compression strength, a concrete material is vulnerable to bending and tension. Due to the mechanical properties of the current reinforced concrete structures, it is hard for concrete materials to avoid the damages caused by cracks. Although cracks are the easiest things to detect and the most effectively repairable things due to their characteristics, it is very hard to measure them efficiently. In this research, the author measured cracks by visualizing them through mechano- luminescence(ML) paint. By applying ML paint on the surface of the specimen and using the 3-point bending test, the author conducted a quantitative evaluation on the mechanical properties of cracks such as the cracking aspect and length of reinforced concrete. Through the results of this research, the author confirmed the crack propagation speed by section and the mechanical correlation such as between loads and cracks and between deflection and cracks, which means this research was quite successful in analyzing the characteristics of cracks.
Experimental Study on a Solar Photovoltaic DC Refrigerator
Authors: Xi Guan Nan , Cai Chun Sen , Li Jian , Deng Yong
Published: April 2013

The system of a 24V solar photovoltaic DC refrigerator was studied and analyzed in the paper. Solar energy is the only energy source used to power the refrigerator. The USB data acquisition instrument was used to collect the data of voltage, current and freezer temperature of the system during the operation. Experimental results demonstrate that the solar photovoltaic DC refrigerator can run normally; the running rate of the refrigerator is about 48.8% when it runs steadily with no-load and the average consumption of power is about 28.8W.
Numerical Simulation on Water Invasion of Coal Mine
Authors: Shao Ai Jun , Huang Yuan , Meng Qing Xin
Published: April 2013

This paper presents the numerical simulation of groundwater flow and the prediction of drainage in the No.5 mine of the Feng-feng coal mine area, using the data from a water invasion. First of all, we build a mathematical model of groundwater flow according to the hydrogeological conditions. Then, the model is verified by the water invasion data. The measured and simulated water level fit well during the model verification. At last, the mine drainage was predicted using the established model. The results indicated that the coal mining below -100m would result in a large amount of drainage and relative high cost.
Simulation and Optimization of Urea-SCR System in Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Duo , Wang Jing , Li Shuo
Published: April 2013

A three-dimensional Urea-SCR catalytic converter model was simulated with the method of CFD coupled with chemical reaction dynamic in this paper. With the modeling of urea solution injection and spray, the urea spray angle was optimized to reduce the urea wallfilm on the pipe wall. The flow fields and component distributions of a full scale Urea-SCR catalyst system were obtained to analyze the flow and chemical reaction characteristic of SCR system. Finally, an SCR system with a simple blade SCR mixer was simulated, the results indicated that the mixer can accelerate the evaporation and thermolysis of urea solution, and improve reductant uniformity and NOx conversion efficiency of Urea-SCR system.
Running Analysis of Substation Integrated Automation System in Unattended
Authors: Gao Yong Xin
Published: April 2013

Is Automation technique in substation integrated automation for substation applied a concentrated expression, was unattended substations necessary technical conditions, on integrated automation principle of analysis in the article, simultaneous analysis of control into the centralized control of unattended substation and grade control, focusing on analysis of unattended substation communication networks, and make recommendations on the communication engineering mode for unattended substation.
Developing an Evaluation Framework for Solar Building from the Viewpoint of Sustainable and Ecological Cities
Authors: Wu Kang Li , Yeh Shih Tsung , Chu Ka Yang
Published: April 2013

How solar building and Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) should be implemented to improve energy efficiency while also fitting in an urban environment has become a critical issue. From the viewpoint of sustainable and ecological cities, this study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework to address this issue. By incorporating research methods involving in-depth interviews, fuzzy questionnaire survey, and AHP method, this study develops a research approach to systematically assess the key decision-making criteria in implementing BIPV. After our investigation, an evaluation framework composing of five dimensions and 27 elements is proposed and tested. The framework provides an outline that can help guide the development of solar buildings and BIPV so as not to over-emphasize on any single aspect. The research also compares the cognitive differences of the importance of the evaluation dimensions and items of the proposed framework for the two major decision-making groups (industrial expert group and the architect/urban designers group) in order to build consensus on how to implement solar building and BIPV.
Based on the Decision Tree Classification of Remote Sensing Image Classification Method Application
Authors: Xu Chen Guang , Anwar Amat
Published: April 2013

Remote sensing images there are synonyms spectrum and the spectrum of foreign body phenomenon, Traditional classification methods easily lead to the misclassification of surface features and leak points, On the basis of this paper, a decision tree to generate a priori knowledge of the statistical relationship with TM1 to 7 multi-band imaging in the ENVI software support for the data source of the decision tree classification of land cover status quo in Zhengzhou City. Comparative to Remote sensing images of the same area three images at the different time, Studies have shown that the decision tree method is simple, intuitive, and overall classification accuracy of 90.65%.
The Research of Eutrophic Wastewater Treatment Process Design
Authors: Meng Yue , Qi Li Qiang
Published: April 2013

The treatment object of this paper is eutrophic organic wastewater, put forth effort to research a processing mode which is low energy consumption, high efficiency, construction and operation cost less .Due to the eutrophic wastewater not only contains a lot of organic matter ,but also contains rich nitrogen and phosphorus ,the effect not beautiful when using general anaerobic treatment .Based on the step anaerobic reaction and step aerobic reaction processing way, through the experiment proved that this method not only can effectively remove organic matter in water pollution, but also can produce methane to use .
Research on Peak Load Shifting for Mixing Procedure in the Tyre Industry
Authors: Yang Dian Cai , Ning Wei Wei , Wang Kai
Published: April 2013

Since the establishment of peak-valley electricity price system, many enterprises in China have devoted to research on peak load shifting strategies. This paper firstly analyzes the feasibility of applying peak load shifting for mixing procedure in two aspects: rubber compound standard and electric power consumption, then establishes the shifting model, makes depth description to the planning and scheduling algorithm that implements the model, then verify the model with real data and finally reach the expected goal. At last, the paper introduces MESNAC planning and scheduling solutions which have integrated the shifting model.
Studies on Rapid Pyrolysis Characteristics of Huainan Coal
Authors: Shi Zhen Jing , Fang Meng Xiang , Wang Qing Hui , Luo Zhong Yang
Published: April 2013

This paper aims to investigate the rapid pyrolysis characteristics of Huainan coal using a tube furnace. Influence of temperature on yields and compounds of tar and char are tested. The result shows that aliphatic chains break gradually with increasing pyrolysis temperature. This leads an increase in aromaticity. Maximum tar yields were obtained at about 550°C, the char yields decreased and the gas yields increased with the pyrolysis temperature. The tar was isolated to aliphatic hydrocarbon aromatic hydrocarbon, non hydrocarbon and asphaltene, and characterized by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main content of tar include normal alkanes from C16-C30, two-,three- and four-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and alkyl-substituted hydroaromatic derivatives of polycyclic, phenols, indoles, quinines esters and others compounds.
The Research on the Adaptation of Grain Production in China to Climate Changes Based on Structural Equation Model
Authors: Xue Ji Liang
Published: April 2013

This paper uses the year data from 1998 to 2009, according to the MIMIC model in structure equation model to construct the adaptability system model of China's climate change to grain production, and makes an empirical research, found that sows area, the consumption of chemical fertilizers, agricultural water conservancy construction expenditure and the rainfall affects the maximum on grain production yield fluctuation of our country ; then according to the estimation results calculated the latent variable intensity fluctuation of grain yield, found that the grain production fluctuation of output intensity in future is further toward the positive trend.
Ocean Current Model Using SINS/GPS/DVL Integrated Navigation
Authors: Ben Yue Yang , Liu Xin Yuan , Zhu Zhong Jun , Du Heng
Published: April 2013

The navigation system of the AUV usually takes SINS as the core, and is supplemented by GPS and DVL. While the output speed of the DVL is relative to the water, and the relative speed is taken as the observed quantity to assist SINS, the navigation accuracy will be declined. In order to solve the problem, SINS/GPS/DVL integrated navigation method is proposed to estimate the ocean current model. In this method, the Kalman filter is used to estimate the ocean current based on the ocean current model, and then the speed relative to the seabed is gained and taken as the measurements for assisting the SINS. Simulation results show that the proposed method can estimate accurately the ocean current speed.
Responses of Weedy Rice to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Stages
Authors: Ding Guo Hua , Liu Xiao Liang , Ma Dian Rong , Wang Xiao Xue , Yang Guang , Gao Ming Chao , Gao Qi , Sun Jian , Chen Wen Fu
Published: April 2013

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. Rice is the staple food for more than 23% of world population, so rice anti-drought physiology study is of importance to rice production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace of progress is not so large because of drought resistance being a multiple-gene-control quantitative character. On the other hand, stress adaptive mechanisms are quite different, with stress degree, time course, materials, soil quality status and experimental plots, thus increasing the complexity of the issue in question. Additionally, a little study is related to weedy rice.In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG-6000) are used to generate -1.33MPa and 0MPa water stress in a laboratory condition (28±3°C). Complete randomized design with three replications is used in the study. After 10 days of germination, shoot length, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root numbers are measured; germination percentage, and root to shoot ratio are calculated. Germination index (GI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI) and dry matter stress index (DMSI) are used to evaluate the response of different genotypes to PEG-induced water stress. Results of ANOVA analysis show that responses of weedy rice accessions and cultivated rice varieties to water stress are significant different, demonstrating the germplasm of weedy rice and cultivated rice are diverse which enables us to screen the germplasm tolerant to drought stress.
Method of Detecting Sea State from Image Taken by Autonomous Surface Vehicle
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Li Gang , Xiong Ya Zhou , Liu Kang Ke
Published: April 2013

Autonomous surface vehicle provides a safe approach to monitor environment on water surface in dangerous condition. This paper presents a method of sea state detection from images taken by a camera fixed on an autonomous surface vehicle. Based on texture feature of images from water surface scene, gray level co-occurrence matrix is computed, and its features including energy, contrast, correlation and entropy are extracted. Experiments show that the contrast can differentiate the sea state levels better than the others. To improve discrimination at low sea state levels, a transform is proposed. Performance of the method at different light shining conditions is discussed, and the results validate the method.
Terrestrial Water Storge Changes in the Tangnaihai Basin Measured by GRACE during 2003-2008, China
Authors: Xu Min , Ye Bai Sheng , Zhao Qiu Dong
Published: April 2013

Abstract.The amount of water storage change in Tangnaihai basin is obtained by using monthly gravity field data, which is derived from GRACE satellite between 2003 and 2008, with Gaussian filter. Combined with the same time period monthly precipitation data of the regional meteorological stations, we analysis spatial-temporal variation trend of water storge change in Tangnaihai basin for nearly 6 years. Results show that the spatial distribution of water storge change in Tangnaihai basin has obvious difference,water storge change is more in west than in east area.Water storge change has obviously seasonal variation change, and it has the same process with precipitation.The trend of water storge change increase in annual in study area. Water storge change increased from 2003 to 2008 in totally in Tangnaihai basin.The average rate is 0.5 mm/month,and water storge change reduced about 6.1*106 m3.
Design and Implementation of the Regional Land Use and Optimal Regulation Decision Support System
Authors: Hu Bao Qing , Qin Kai Xian
Published: April 2013

The software Structure of support system for the Country Karst Land Use Change and Optimal Regulation Decision is discussed in LUCC. Case compare study about land use change and Spatial Decision Support System. The system database, the model library, method base and knowledge base are built. By using C# language, the ArcEngine of GIS component technology, the corresponding software is developed .Through research for instant of the Karst area of Guangxi Du’an. It can apply to support and help for the Land branch decisions and land use research. The results are satisfactory.