bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and morph metric study of the mandible in the local Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cunicuius)
Authors: Salih Qismah Modhafar
Published: July 2020

Eleven adult local rabbits (6 female and 5male) were used for this study. The mandible were prepared to study the gross anatomical features. The main gross characteristics feature of the local rabbits mandible the ramus forms a broad, thin and flat plate, the surface of the ramus is greatly increased in its posteroventral portion to form the angle or angular process. The articular surface is elongated and carry on its caudodorsal end a slightly oblique condyloid process, this process in rabbit is raised much above the planes of the molar table and has a prolonged aspect in a longitudinal plan. In front of the shallow mandibular notch, the coronoid process is short and blunt process situated in front of mandibular notch. In the rabbit mandible the alveoli for the canine teeth were absent resulting in a large diastema Mandibular foramen situated on the medial surface immediately behind the last molar. There is a large retroalveolr foramen. The female local rabbit showed significant greater measurement than the male.
The effect of melatonin on adrenal gland and pancreas function in alloxan – induced diabetes in adult female rabbits
Authors: Taher Intisar Arar
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin on pancreatic and adrenal dysfunction induced by alloxan in adult female rabbits. Twenty four adult female rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups treated for 42 days as follows: control group received 2 ml of distal water intraperitoneally, animals of the second group received single dose of 150 mg /kg of alloxan (group T1), while the third group received single dose of 150 mg/kg of alloxan and after 7 days received 10mg/kg I/P of melatonin for 42 days of experiment (T2 group). The fourth group received 10 mg/kg I/P of melatonin for 42 days .After the 7 days of alloxan injection the blood is collected from (T1) and (T2) animals, to investigate of diabetes induction in these groups. Also blood samples were collected at zero time, 14, 28 and 42 days of the experiment for measuring the serum concentration of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, reduce glutathione and hormones concentration (insulin and cortisol). The result of present study indicated that melatonin administration is not affected in body weight in rabbits to T2 and T3 as compared with control group, while (T1) group showed significant decrease in these parameters as compared with other groups. The adrenal gland weight to body weight ratio showed significant increase in adrenal weight in (T1) as compared with all other group while T2 and T3 groups showed significant decrease as compared with T1 groups. While the pancreas gland weight to body weight ratio showed significant increase in pancreas weight in (T3) group as compared with other groups. Animals T1 and T2 groups showed significant decrease as compared with T3 and control groups. Animals T1 group showed significant elevation in serum glucose, total cholesterol and serum cortisol concentration as compared with control, T2 and T3 groups. The results also showed a significant decrease in total serum protein, serum insulin and reduce glutathione concentrations in alloxan treated group (T1) as compared with control, T2 and T3 animals. Inferred from the result of this experiment is treatment of diabetic female rabbits with melatonin (10 mg /kg .B.W) for 42 days lead to improve the function of adrenal gland and pancreas gland. Also it showed the possibility of reducing oxidative stress triggered by alloxan through the use of melatonin.
Histomorphological and histochemical study of stomach of domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica)
Authors: Al-Saffar F. J.
Published: July 2020

The study aimed at describing the histomorphological and histochemical structures of the stomach wall in domestic pigeon. Twelve healthy birds were collected from local suppliers at Baghdad province. Birds were divided into three equal groups for gross, histological and histochemical approaches. All birds were euthanized and their abdomens were dissected, then their stomachs were identified and photographed in situ. Specimens from stomach were fixed as well and then processed for histological and histochemical staining techniques using Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson Trichrome, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and PAS -Alcian blue (AB) (pH 2.5). Grossly the stomach of the pigeon consisted of two distinguishable chambers, that were glandular or proventriculus and muscular or ventriculus. The proventriculus was tubular-shaped organ. Whereas, the ventriculus appeared fusiform in shape and surrounded by considerable amount of fatty tissue. Histologically the proventriculus mucosal lining was simple columnar epithelium cells. The submucosal consists of numerous and voluminous deep submucosal glands which occupied the greater part of the organ wall. The internal lining of the ventriculus was simple columnar cells. Muscularis mucosa appeared circularly arranged bundles interrupted by the presence of mucosal glands in the lamina propria. The tunica muscularis appeared as a very thick structure of smooth muscles fibers of three layers, thin inner, outer longitudinal and very thick intermediate circular layers.
Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of Datura innoxia leave hydroalcoholic extract in rabbits
Authors: Ayad Zahraa M.
Published: July 2020

Datura innoxia was tested as a proposed formula at concentration of 3% that evaluated in-vivo by using 12 rabbits divided equally into 3 groups (plant extract ointment, Tetracycline ointment, Vaseline vehicle). By inducing four abraded skin wound on the back of each group of rabbits by using three special scalpel device, two of the wounds were infected artificially with 250×108 cfu pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus while other two wounds were not infected. Two abraded wounds were treated topically once daily and for two weeks with 3% D.innoxia ointment or 3% tetracycline ointment and one abraded wound was left not treated and the other one was applied with Vaseline as control. Antipyretic effect was also evaluated by taking rectal temperature each 2 days. The result showed the superiority of the extract formula in the therapy of induced skin infection with S.aureus over that of tetracycline ointment at same concentration (3%), since it showed better healing activity, more anti-inflammatory and also better antipyretic effects than tetracycline and control groups. This must be due to its good pharmaceutical content that posses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic as well as antibacterial effect than tetracycline that contain only antibacterial activity.
Evaluation the effect of laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy in young Iraqi black goat on the histomorphometric of the remaining ovary at adult stage
Authors: Eesa M. J.
Published: July 2020

The ovarian histomorphometric in adult normal and unilateral ovariectomized Iraqi black goats (Age 7 months) was studied to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy of young goat  (age 2-3 months) on other remaining ovary histologically. Ten young female Iraqi black goats were used in the study. The goats were divided randomly into two equal groups; young goats were left normal (group A) and young goats underwent to right laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy (group B). All animals in both groups were left to reach adult stage at 7 months age, in which they underwent to removal their ovaries laparoscopically by using the harmonic scalpel. Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using of a mixture of xylazine and ketamine intramuscularly. The ovarian histomorphometric included; height of germinal epithelium and thickness of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla were measured at adult stage for both groups. The study revealed a significant elevation (P<0.05) in thickness value of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla in the right ovary compared with the left one in normal adult goat (group A). The left ovary in group (B) showed significant increase in the thickness value of tunica albuginea, cortex and medulla compared with those in similar (left) ovary in group (A) which indicated that the remaining ovary in group (B) showed compensatory action in increasing their histological structures measurements. The short operative time, no intraoperative and less postoperative complications referred to that the laparoscopic ovariectomy in goats could be performed successfully with this technique and by using of harmonic scalpel.
Histological changes of the gills of carp fish (Cyprinius carpio) in Winter and Summer
Authors: Al–Taai Suhaib A. H. A.
Published: July 2020

Common carp fish (Cyprinius carpio) is a native Asian and Eastern Europe, so there are many types of teleost fishes in Iraq. This study was designed to explain the environmental effects on the tissue of gills of fish. Twenty six of carp fish specimens were collected from Tigris River of Taji region in Baghdad city during Winter and Summer in January and August months respectively. Also the samples were collected from rearing aquarium by breeders of the fishes with water temperature recorded (31°C), in summer and (8 °C), in winter season via thermometer through the specimens collection in each time. The seasonal temperature levels were considered important in the histological alterations of the gills, where the present study showed high and low temperature degrees through Winter and Summer seasons and recorded histological changes in the gills such as (thickness of gill epithelium, rupture with hemorrhage of blood vessels), in summer season. The histological changes recorded in Winter season included damage and cellular atrophy of gill epithelium, fusion of gill secondary lamellae ends and lamellar disorganization with lifting of epithelial cells. The present study showed significant variance through gills epithelium P˂̲0.01 between two seasons, where statistical measurement showed that interlamellar distance significantly increased P˂̲ 0.01 during summer and winter significantly (P˂̲ 0.01) decreased in winter.
The combined action of the Nisin and Lactoperoxidase system activation on the microbiological quality of raw milk with special emphasis against E.coli O157H7 in milk
Authors: Khudhir Zina Saab
Published: July 2020

Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from 90 bovine and ovine locally produced soft cheese samples and their identification were confirmed based on the cultural, biochemical reactions and serological properties, E.coli O157:H7 isolates obtained by plating on the Chromogenic agars. They were further tested serologically for the presence of both O157 and H7 antigenes using the agglutination test kit. The highest non-significant prevalence (P>0.05) level of E.coli O157:H7 was found in the ewe’s soft cheese samples (37.77%) followed by the cow’s soft cheese samples (31.11%). The antimicrobial potency of the Nisin against the sensitive Lactobacillus strain was lost after (10) minutes of heating at (80°C) while retaining (100%) of its antimicrobial potency after its exposure to the pasteurization time and temperature (63°C/ 30 min.). The highest antimicrobial potency of Nisin was achieved at neutral pH (100%) while 90% and 45% of its potency were retained under acidic (pH=3) and alkaline (pH=9) conditions respectively. Nisin had short bacteriocidal incubation period against the sensitive lactobacillus strain where its antimicrobial potency reduced after 48 hours and lost after 120 hours of refrigeration storage period. E.coli O157:H7 was insensitive to the action of Nisin while stressed E.coli O157:H7 by activation of lactoperoxidase system in pasteurized milk was susceptible to its action and such result gave an indication of the synergistic effect of Nisin with activated lactoperoxidase system.
Histopathological and diagnostic study of Toxoplasmosis in human and sheep by using ELISA in Kut city
Authors: Zghair Zainab R.
Published: July 2020

This study is designed to diagnosis blood Toxoplasmosis in human (women and men) and sheep (male and female) by using Elisa test; as well histopathological examination of heart, liver and lung     of sheep were also done, internal organs were also obtained heart, liver and lung. Women diagnosis was performed by collection 96 samples from aborted women ageing from 15-45 years and divided into three groups; first group 15-25 years involved 50 sample, second group 25-35 years include 37 samples; and the third group 35-45 years included 9 samples. The results of Elisa test showed six positive of IgG, (two for each group) and one positive IgM for the second group, a significant (P<0.05) difference in the first and third groups between IgG and IgM was found. The total percentage of the infection 4, 8.1and 22.2 for the first, second and third groups respectively, and Total of 96 blood samples were collected from men with different chronic diseases and were divided into four groups, (first, second and third) each containing 25 samples and suffering from Thalasemia, renal failure and cancer respectively; of them 21 samples collected from normal men as fourth control group. The results of Elisa diagnostic test indicated 9, 9, 7 and 2 positive of IgG for first, second, third and fourth groups respectively, and 1, 2, 0 and 1 positive of IgM. The total percentage of Toxoplasmosis infection 38.4, 44, 28 and 14.28 for the first, second, third and fourth groups respectively, with a difference between them except the second group appeared significantly P(0.05). 92 samples of sheep blood were collected from male 46 and 46 female. The results of Toxoplasmosis showed one case positive IgG for female and one for male only. The histopathological examination of sheep positive case with chronic infection revealed pathological changes in the organs, the heart showed multiple variable sizes of parasite cysts embedded and scatter between cardiac muscle fibers, in addition to aggregation of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels forming nests of inflammatory cells with congestion of blood vessels in liver and lung. In conclusion that the infection with Toxoplasmosis in Kut city revealed the percentage of infection in men more than the aborted women, also it reported few cases of infection in sheep.
Urinary tract bacterial infection of local Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in Mosul city
Authors: Al-Iraqi O. M.
Published: July 2020

This study is conducted on the samples of urine obtained from buffaloes. Eighty six urine samples were obtained from local buffaloes of different ages, of both sex in Mosul abattoir. The results showed that urine of infected animals was cloudy, dark yellow to reddish color with putrid odor of low specific gravity. Microscopic examination of urine sediment demonstrated increased number of pus cell, erythrocytes, epithelial cell, presence of casts and crystals/ high power filed. Chemical examination revealed elevated urine pH and protein content. Serum examination displayed increase levels of urea and creatinine compered to normal urine samples. Culture of urine samples confirmed 24 positive samples (27.90%). Corynebacterium renale being the most isolated organisms 12(50%), Trueperella pyogens 5(20.83%), Staphylococcus aureus 4(16.66%) and 1(4.16%) for each of Acinetobacter lwoffii, Corynebacterium pilosum and Corynebacterium cystitidis. Male buffalo calves at age 1-3 years revealed high percentage (18.60%) of urinary tract infection, while low percentage of urinary tract infection existed by female buffaloes age more than 3 years (6.98%).
Effect of potassium nitrate plus vitamin C in feed of rabbits on the some biochemical parameters
Authors: Jassim Alrawi Saad Thabit
Published: July 2020

This study is conducted at investigating the effect of potassium nitrate and vitamin C in feed of the rabbits on the some biochemical parameters. Twenty eight adult New-Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (7 rabbits each), they were fed potassium nitrate and vitamin C for 16 weeks as follow: Group 1 (G1) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 2 (G2) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 3 (G3) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily)  and vitamin C (100 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and group 4 (G4) fed basal ration as control group. Blood were collected from heart at zero, eight, twelve and sixteen weeks. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood nitrogen urea in the group that had fed potassium nitrate G1 compared with G4, whereas the groups that were fed vitamin C with potassium nitrate showed a mild decrease compared with group potassium nitrate that had been fed potassium nitrate alone (G1). In conclusion, the feeding rabbits with potassium nitrate caused an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea concentration in the serum, whereas the vitamin C ameliorates this effect.
Molecular detection of Babesia bovis in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province
Authors: A,aiz Noaman N.
Published: July 2020

This study aim to determine Babesia bovis infection in cattle based on genetic methods. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from alive and slaughtered cattle from different areas in addition to the abattoir of Al-Qadisiyah province from December 2013 to August 2014. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT.PCR) technique was used to detect the presence of the protozoan with the effect of animal's age and sex in the infection rate 47.91 % (46/96) of examined cattle were given positive result to B. bovis infection. The highest infections were shown among the adult cattle (≥1 year), while there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) in the infection rate according to the sex. So the most cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province appear to be bearing the infection predominantly as a carrier hosts.
The antimicrobial role of emulsifying salts against E.coli O157:H7 contaminated local markets soft cheese of Baquba city
Authors: Al-Shedidi Ahmed M.S.
Published: July 2020

The aim  of this   study  was to investigate the degree of contamination of  locally produced soft cheese samples by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and to determine the ideal emulsifying salts  and their  appropriate ratios for emulsification of soft cheese and their impacts on microbial load of that influence public health. Samples collected randomly from five popular parties markets affiliated to the city of Baquba 60 samples of the local soft cheese produced by farmers at a rate of 30 samples for each of the summer season, from the beginning of July to the end of August, while the other thirty sample of winter season were collected from the beginning of December to the end of January to study their bacterial load of coli form and Escherichia coli especially E. coli O157:H7. The result showed total bacterial count characterized by high significance (P<0.01) in the local cheese samples of summer and winter season also. The results proved the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of emulsifying salts on microbial activity was confirmed when the total bacterial count was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in soft cheese with (2.5%) of emulsifying salts added. Were no growth of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 after adding (2%) of emulsifying salts to nutrient broth and the results confirmed that the best mixing of the components of emulsifying salts that is made up of (90% Sodium tripolyphosphate + 10% Trisodium citrate).
Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of Nisin and /or Potassium sorbate and Sodium chloride on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus in soft cheese
Authors: Ahmed Adnan Jawad
Published: July 2020

Effect of different concentrations of Nisin, Potassium sorbate and Sodium chloride on the keeping quality of the locally produced soft cheese samples against the Staphylococcus aureus viability was conducted during November 2015/ May 2016. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 20(73.33%)out of 30 bovine and ovine locally produced soft cheese samples and their identification were confirmed based on the morphological, rapid biochemical reactions and serological properties. Staphylococcus aureus isolates that obtained by plating on the Chromogenic agar were further tested serologically. The highest significant (P<0.05) prevalence levels of Staph aureus were found in the cow's soft cheese samples 8/10(80%) followed by both ewe's and buffalo's soft cheese samples7/10 (70%) respectively. Three concentrations for each of Nisin, Potassium sorbate and Sodium chloride (50, 25 and 12.5 IU/ml), (0.4, 0.2 and 0.1%) and (10, 5 and 2.5) were used respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the Nisin and both Sodium chloride and Potassium sorbate against Staphylococcus aureus that were determined by the turbid metric technique were 50 IU/ml, 10% and 0.4% respectively. Mean values (log c.fu/ml) of the starting initial Staph aureus counts in the experimentally manufactured soft cheese samples decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 7.00±0.002 (log c.fu/ml) at 0 hour  to 5.11±0.039 (log c.fu/ml) after 24 hrs of exposure to action of Nisin and Potassium sorbate  inside the  brine solution at 37°C. The bactericidal activities of Nisin and Potassium sorbate were more effective than either of them alone after 24 hrs. of exposure inside the brine solution at 37°C (reduction level approximately 3 log cycles), but the bacterial counts still were above the safe limit, which is required for the production of  Staph aureus enterotoxin.
Analysis of chemical and biochemical composition of fertile and sterile hydatid cyst fluids of human origin
Authors: Abbas Haider Barakat
Published: July 2020

The present study were made for analysis of major chemical and biochemical components of twenty hydatid cysts fluids include two group (10 fertile cysts and 10 sterile cysts) obtained from the lung and liver of 29 infected patients admitted to medicine city hospital for operation during a period of 6 month these components were measured by colorimetric assay kits (Biolabo®, Human). Results revealed marked (P<0.05).differences in the mean values, particularly  among enzymes (Glutanicoxaloacetic transaminase, Glutanic pyruvic transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase), between fertile and sterile fluids  while Lactate dehydrogenase level was exhibited high activities  in fertile  and sterile isolates,  these values was less than normal values in serum . The mean values of Iron, Zinc Sodium Phosphorus and potassium, were found higher in fertile isolates, while marked decrease in sterile isolates. Furthermore, the Copper revealed quantitative differences (P<0.05) between the two isolates. Manganese and chloride constituted the major volume in the fluid anions, in fertile and reach maximum in sterile fluid. Differences were detected in the levels of glucose of fertile which increased significantly (P<0.05). The data detected no significant difference (P>0.05) in total protein which exhibit high in fertile and sterile fluid. Also Calcium and Magnesium mean values revealed same in both isolates. Trace elements like Urea, Uric acid, Bilirubin Creatinine and Lipid increase in liver diseases such as (Cholesterol, and Triglycerides) level was found higher in fertile and sterile isolates. In compare with previous studies the present investigations reflected quantitative difference in mean values of biochemical parameters of fertile and sterile of hydatid cyst fluids contributed to fertility of cyst and viability of protoscoles. Fertile cyst which contain broad capsule and protoscoles which responsible of  high concentration in these elements than sterile fluid which lack the broad capsule and protoscoles , which may pointed some variable in parasite metabolism endurance, growth  rate, intermediate host specificity location of cyst  among lungs or livers or even strain variation.
Study the effects of naturally acquired canine Dirofil Ariasis on some hematological and biochemical parameters
Authors: Atyha Amal Hassen
Published: July 2020

The present study was aimed to check the amount of variation in some hematologic and biochemical parameters accompanied with natural acquired canine dirofilariasis. Blood samples were collected from sixty five stray dogs (5-10) years old belong to local breed dog in the villages of Al-Hindya area/ Karbala Governorate, The affected animal showed differences in hematological and biochemical values as compared with reference ranges. In conclusion, the disease showed no significant clinical signs although many pathological changes in some blood constituent with serum biochemical parameters were observed, before euthanasia for dogs.
Molecular detection of Rotavirus type A in diarrheic calves of Mid-Euphrates governorates\ Iraq
Authors: Kshash Qassim Haleem
Published: July 2020

Four hundred fecal samples from diarrheic calves of both sexes (1-60 days old) from four Iraqi Mid-Euphrates governorates (Babylon, Al-Najaf, Karbala and Al-Qadissiyiah) were collected to investigate rotavirus type A infection by using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The results showed that infection rates were (14%), while the high rate (20%) was found in age of (1-30 days), however non-significant values were related to animal gender. Moreover, a high infection was recorded at January (29.5%) and the rotraviral infection was recorded in four provinces but the higher was in Babylon (23%). The clinical examination of infected calves showed voluminous watery diarrhea, profound weakness and mild depression; the body temperature, respiration and heart rates were decreased significantly and appetite was changeable towards loss or anorectic.
Toxic effects of subacute exposure to Nerium oleander leaves hexane extract on the heart of rabbits
Authors: Salih Rana Abdulla
Published: July 2020

The study is performed to investigate the cardiotoxic effect of two season oleander leave extract in rabbits. The study involved a collection of the Nerium oleander leaves of two seasons (summer and winter) taken from Baghdad. The leaves were prepared by drying and grinding, and the extraction was carried by soxhlet apparatus with organic solvent (hexane). The toxicity was carried out on rabbits by giving 10% of the median lethal dose (LD50) for four weeks by considering different electrocardiography parameters and cardiac histopathological study after two weeks and four weeks of daily treatment. The electrocardiography parameters include R-R duration, T amplitude and Q-T duration values. The results of lead II referred to the heart rate as in R-R duration values which showed significant differences at (P<0.05) in two weeks between digoxin and control group, furthermore non significant increase occurred in all groups compared to control group in different times, and T amplitude revealed a decrease indicative of the levels of potassium in cardiac intracellular were decreased in all groups as compare to control group in different times, and decreased of Q-T duration which indicate calcium levels in cardiac intracellular were increased in all groups as compared to control in different times. Histopathology study of heart muscle in all groups in different times, showed edema, vacuolation, fragment and mononuclear cells infiltration in the pericardium in heart muscle. In conclusion, the N. oleander leaves extract has a toxic effect on the cardiac muscle.
Vaginal microflora in ewes after estrus synchronization with intravaginal sponges
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Sulake Fadhil Abbas
Published: July 2020

The aims of this study were to detect the changes in microflora and incidence of vaginitis in ewes after using of intravaginal sponges. Twenty five Awasi ewes were divided randomly into two groups (1st group included 9 animals and 2nd group included 16 animals). Both groups were treated with intravaginal sponges (20 mg) for 12 and 10 days respectively. Swabs were taken from vagina before insertion of sponges and immediately after sponges’ removal. The results showed that, only 2 ewes in 1st group exhibited estrus while all ewes in 2nd group exhibited estrus. Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacteria before insertion and withdrawal of sponges (66.66 and 68%) respectively. Four from nine ewes in 1st group, whereas only one ewe in 2nd group revealed vaginitis. It was concluded that intravaginal sponges do not change microflora in the vagina plainly but may cause vaginitis.
Comparative evaluation of bovine pericardial membrane and amniotic membrane in wounds skin healing in rabbits
Authors: Al-Falahi N. H.
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to compare between the amniotic and pericardial membranes for the wound dressing models. Ten local breed rabbits have been used in the current study. They were divided into two main equal groups: Experiment (Amniotic and pericardial membranes) and control group.  According to healing periods each group was subdivided into four subgroups (7, 14, 21 and 28) days post wounding. Specimens of amniotic membranes were collected from full term pregnant cows, and pericardium was obtained from abattoir immediately after slaughtering. The study was conducted on skin wound for experiment application site as full-thickness skin wounds (3×3 cm) were done on the dorsal thoracic sides. Histopathological evaluation of study depended on the degrees of inflammatory exudate, epithelialization, fibroplasia and type of leukocytes infiltration. Results revealed marked reduction of the inflammatory phase during all periods of post treatment with amniotic membrane, the degree of epithelization and fibroplasia in addition to angiogenesis were enhanced in amniotic and pericardial dressed wounds during period of 14 and 21 days. The study concluded that no significant differences are between the pericardial membrane and of amniotic membrane in wound healing of skin.
A comparative Study of Two Techniques for Repairing of Tracheal Defect in Dogs.
Authors: Al-hyani O. H.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was designed to evaluate the possibility of repairing tracheal cartilage defect in dogs.  18 local breed dogs of both sexes was used in this study, they are allocated into 2 equal groups. A tracheal defect was induced in the cervical part of the trachea as a window about 3cm x 2cm in diameter. The defect was closed in 1st group by using polypropylene mesh and bone cement substance, while in 2nd group polypropylene mesh with fresh auto- bone marrow. Post-operative study including, clinical observation, gross pathology and histopathological evaluation was performed in all animals. The most important postoperative clinical observation was represented by subcutaneous emphysema at the site of operation in the 2nd group animals, which gradually disappeared within few days. Otherwise no other important complications was reported in both groups during the period of the experiment.  The gross pathological changes and biopsy collection for all animals was done at 15, 30, 60 postoperative days. The gross examination revealed complete closing of the induced tracheal defect in all operated animals and a mild adhesion with the surrounding tissues. In both groups, the histopathological features was represented by newly granulation tissue formation and areas of hyaline cartilage degeneration and necrosis. The cartilage regeneration was showed only in 2nd group through by formation of new cartilage cells. In conclusion, it can use both techniques for reconstruction of tracheal defect in dogs but the auto bone marrow group was regarded the best due to improvement of the healing process.                             .
Effects of E.coli O157:H7 Experimental Infections on Rabbits
Authors: Yousif Afaf Abdulrahman
Published: July 2020

The study  aimed to show the effect of experimental infection with E.coli O157:H7 on some liver and kidney function in adult rabbits. Twenty five domestic rabbits (males and females), aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 1500-2000g, had a negative fecal bacteriological culture of E.coli O157:H7 were used. The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: infected group (15 rabbits), each animal was drenched  orally with 1ml of Phosphate buffer saline containing (2×109CFU) of E.coli O157:H7, while the control group (10 rabbits) were drenched orally (1ml) of Phosphate buffer saline, the clinical signs were daily observed for 30 days, recording of body weight and blood samples were collected at (0, 3, 15 and 30) days for serum   to evaluate  biochemical tests including Alanine transaminase, Aspartate aminotransaminase and alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea  and total serum protein. The results showed different clinical signs after inoculation, including diarrhea, lethargy, weight loss, inability to eat or drink, urine was cloudy or milky, while control group remains in normal condition. The serum biochemical tests in infected group showed a significant increase of three enzymes at 15, and 30 days,   the highest values of Alanine transaminase; Aspartate aminotransaminase and alkaline phosphatase showed at 30 days post infection as compared with the control group. Serum creatinine and urea recorded a significant increase (P< 0.05) at 30 day post infection as compared with control group. However, total protein revealed a significant decrease in the infected group, and a significant decrease was noticed at 15 day post infection, while the control group showed an increase in total protein co-ordinated with increase of body weight and progressing age. This study concluded that the infection with E. coli O157:H7may cause changes in liver and kidney functions which were more sever at 15,30 days post infection.
Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of Adrenal Gland in Adult Male of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Batah Abbas. L.
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried on twenty adult males of Guinea pigs to evaluate the histomorphological and histochemical features of adrenal gland. Morphologically, Guinea pigs had a couple adrenal glands brown in color were located craniomedially attached to each cranial pole of kidney, the right adrenal gland had pyramidal shape, while the left had elongated shape. The statistical results showed that there is significant difference between the right and left adrenal gland in the weight, length, thickness, width and volume. The histological and histochemical results showed that adrenal gland was composed of cortex and medulla. The cortex was consisted of three zones. The zona glomerulosa was consisted of columnar or cuboidal cells arranged in groups as glomeruli, the zona fasciculata and reticularis were composed mainly of polygonal cells arranged in regular and irregular cords.The medulla region was composed of ovoid group of cells (chromaffine cells) that arranged in irregular cords separated by blood sinusoid and surrounded by central vein, contained two types of cells, the first cell was columnar in shape and brownish in color representing the epinephrine secreting cell, the second cell was polygonal in shape and light brownish in color with spherical nucleus representing the Norepinephrine secreting cell when fixed in chromate salts. All parts of adrenal gland exhibited strong to moderate reaction for Periodic Acid Schiff stain. The statistical results showed that there is significant difference between the right and left adrenal gland in the thickness of capsule, zona glomerulusa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and medulla region.
On the Formation of a Bead Structure of Spark Channels during a Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Tarasenko Victor , Beloplotov Dmitry , Burachenko Alexander , Baksht Evgenii
Published: July 2020

The conditions for the formation of spark channels with a bead structure in an inhomogeneous electric field at different polarities of voltage pulses are studied. Voltage pulses with an amplitude of up to 150 kV and a rise time of ≈1.5 µs were applied across a 45-mm point-to-plane gap. Under these conditions, spark channels consisting of bright and dim regions (bead structure) were observed. It is shown that when current is limited, an increase in the rise time and the gap length does not affect the formation of the bead structure. It was found that an increase in the amplitude of voltage pulses leads to an increase in the length of beads. The appearance of the bead structure is more likely at negative polarity of the pointed electrode. The formation of spark channels was studied with a four-channel ICCD camera.
Behavior of the Cultivable Airborne Mycobiota in Air-Conditioned Environments of Three Havanan Archives, Cuba
Authors: Borrego Alonso Sofia Flavia , Molina Alian
Published: July 2020

High concentrations of environmental fungi in the archives repositories are dangerous for the documents preserved in those places and for the workers' health. The aims of this work were to evaluate the behavior of the fungal concentration and diversity in the indoor air of repositories of 3 archives located in Havana, Cuba, and to demonstrate the potential risk that these taxa represent for the documentary heritage preserved in these institutions. The indoor and outdoor environments were sampled with a biocollector. From the I/O ratios, it was evident that two of the studied archives were not contaminated, while one of them did show contamination despite having temperature and relative humidity values very similar to the other two. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the predominant genera in the indoor environments. New finds for archival environments were the genera Harposporium and Scolecobasidium. The principal species classified ecologically as abundant were C. cladosporioides and P. citrinum. They are known as opportunistic pathogenic fungi. All the analyzed taxa excreted acids, the most of them degraded cellulose, starch and gelatin while about 48% excreted different pigments. But 33% of them showed the highest biodeteriogenic potential, evidencing that they are the most dangerous for the documentary collections.
Inverter System: A Solution to Improve the Efficiency of New Energy Generation in Factories
Authors: Wang Qiaoyu , Zhang Shaofei
Published: July 2020

The report mainly analyzes whether the inverter system could improve the efficiency of converting new energy into factory electricity based on McLuhan's laws of media theory. Firstly, the report asserts the significance of using new energy and the importance of utilizing the inverter system to improve the power conversion of new energy in factories. Secondly, it mainly describes McLuhan's theory from four different aspects. In addition, according to the four aspects of McLuhan's theory, the rationality and feasibility of the inverter system solution are analyzed. Then, it is concluded that the inverter system can well improve the conversion efficiency of new energy generation in factories. Finally, this paper claims suggestions from two different perspectives to promote the development of the inverter system.
Applying Project Based Learning to Flipped Bloom Taxonomy for Deep Understanding in Control Systems
Authors: Folayan Gbenga Bankole , Ademiloye Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

The peculiar nature of control theory as a course that cut across a lot of major engineering disciplines calls for a look into how its learning can best be done without students feeling like they are wasting their time. This paper takes a look at control theory as subject cut across various engineering field and has a wide background that students must really be comfortable with. Its wide application and background pose a huge challenge to the teaching of control. It goes further to look into traditional method of teaching, Project - Based Learning Blooms Taxonomy. It then proposes applying Flipped Bloom Taxonomy to Project -based learning for a deep understanding of control systems. .
Using Green Cold Pressing to Produce High Quality Fish Oil From Industrial Salmon Waste
Authors: Fouda Tarek
Published: July 2020

The  main  objective  of  this  research  was  to  determine  the  amount of oil fish  were extracted from fish west resulted from butchering, cutting and splitting processes before salmon smoking by using cold  pressing `methods.  The  amount  and  the  characteristics  of  extracted  of  oil were  tested at Regional Centre for food and feed the USDA Agricultural Research Center laboratory. The  samples  were  used  from fresh Salmon  waste about 1000g from each of the (head, skin,  viscera,  backbone,  frames  and  cuts  off).  This waste recorded  more than  22%  of  the  total  mass  from  salmon  fish with used modern extract machine. in this experiment  the results  revealed  the  fresh  salmon  waste  have  more  than  16 %  of  oil  fish  per  one  kg  of  salmon  waste.  The oil weight from Salmon waste for (head, skin,  viscera,  backbone,  frames  and  cuts  off). was increased with pressing time increase as well as oil productivity increased.  The  optimum  conditions  at  pressing  time  was  200  min, for all salmon waste components .  Oil  productivity   fluctuated according to waste sources  was  190, 210, 86, 188, 178 and 90 g.oil/1000  g. by head, skin, off  cuts , terming, ,  viscera , and backbone frames,  Salmon  by-products,  oil  productivity  was ranged between 8.60 to 21.00%  at  constant  pressure. High contents of functional EPA (20:5 ω 3) and DHA (22:6 ω 3) for oil fish
An Analysis of Orange Peel (Citrus Sinensis) as the Material for Electrolystes in Bio-Batteries
Authors: Salafa Fahmi , Hayat Latiful , Ma'ruf Anwar
Published: July 2020

Efforts to reduce the use of chemicals that pollute the environment need innovations to tackle the problem. One of them is to replace the chemicals contained in the battery by utilizing the waste of orange peel. Citrus skin has citric acid (C6H8O7) which can be used as an electrolyte solution as the contents of the battery because the citric acid can produce cations and anions that conduct electricity. This research aims to make the latest innovations so that the battery used now not only depends on synthetic chemicals, determining the pH value of the orange peel is suitable to serve as electrolyte-making material in Battery, look for the current strong value as well as the maximum voltage that can be generated from unused parts of the fruit as an electrolyte in the battery, understand the principle of bio-battery work by utilizing the Orange peel as a material maker Its electrolyte, utilizing the abundant natural resources as well as possible, reduces the environmental pollution effect due to the content of the battery content made from synthetic chemicals. The research method is done by sorting the orange peel then smoothed, after it was given the addition of H2O water, the mixing is left evenly mixed, then separate the water with the orange skin mixed. After that, the water is mixed with wood charcoal and dried until the water is 50% reduced, so it is ready to be used as an electrolyte on the battery. The results showed that the orange Peel had a pH of 3.8 and had acidic properties so that it could be used as an electrolyte on batteries. The electrolyte produced by the orange Peel produces a voltage of 0.81 volts and has a strong current of 0.049 mA with a resistor load mounting of 4.7 KΩ. Battery capacity with a length of 4 cm, width of 2 cm and a height of 9 cm to produce a battery capacity that can be utilized by 4.752 mAH with a voltage of 0.8 Volt.
Rancang Bangun Pelampung Penyelamat Berbasis Remote Control
Authors: Santoso Mohammad Edi , Ulum Mitfatchul , Ibadillah Achmad Fiqhi
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi mendorong terciptanya alat yang semula bersifat tradisional menjadi modern dan canggih, sehingga memudahkan manusia dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. Pada penelitian ini penulis akan membuat pelampung penyelamat yang dapat menolong korban yang akan tenggelam dengan cara menjemput korban kemudian membawanya ke tepi. Pelampung penyelamat ini terbuat dari bahan plastik atau sejenisnya sebagai body pelampung agar tetap dapat mengapung meskipun diberi muatan. Sebagai penggeraknya pelampung ini menggunakan dua buah motor DC brushless yang dimodifikasi sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai baling-baling. Pelampung penyelamat ini dikendalikan menggunakan remot kontrol oleh user dalam misinya menyelamatkan korban. Komunikasi antara remot kontrol dengan pelampung penyelamat menggunakan jaringan wireless yakni menggunakan NRF24L01 yang berfungsi untuk proses pengiriman data, adapun proses tersebut menggunakan antena pemancar sebagai penguat sinyal. Alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler nodeMCU sebagai pusat kontrol untuk proses input dan output data. Pelampung ini mampu melaju dengan kecepatan 0.75-1 m/s dalam kondisi tanpa beban dan 0.3 m/s dalam kondisi dengan beban seberat 50 kg di udara.
The Interaction of Relativization and Noun Incorporation in Southern Hokkaidō Ainu
Authors: Dal Corso Elia
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on relativization in Southern Hokkaidō Ainu. Specifically, evidential expressions constitute the scope of this study since within this semantic domain a morphosyntactic layout reminescent of internally-headed relative clauses (IHRCs) is found. Moreover, the structure of some evidential expressions suggests that what gives rise to an IHRC in those instances is classificatory noun incorporation (CNI). Following from past studies on Ainu, where IHRCs and CNI are never discussed, and with reference to cross-linguistic approaches to relativization and incorporation, this study addresses the interaction of these two processes in Southern Hokkaidō Ainu and suggests their reconsideration.
Thinking-for-Speaking to Describe Motion Events
English-Japanese bilinguals’ L1 English and L2 Japanese Speech and Gesture
Authors: Iwasaki Noriko , Yoshioka Keiko
Published: July 2020

Speaking a second language (L2) involves another way of “thinking for speaking” (Slobin 1996). Adopting Talmy’s typological framework of motion event description, this study examined how learning Japanese as L2 restructures English-Japanese bilingual speakers’ thinking-for-speaking. Thirteen English-speaking intermediate learners of L2 Japanese described motion events in English and Japanese. The analysis focused on speech and gesture describing ‘rolling down’ and ‘swinging’ events, for which English and Japanese native speakers’ descriptions differ (Kita, Özyürek 2003). The results suggest some restructuring in their thinking-for-speaking.
Strategies of Impoliteness in Japanese Spontaneous Talks
Authors: Calvetti Paolo
Published: July 2020

If, on the one hand, Japanese language, with its richness of marked allomorphs used for honorifics, has been considered one of the most attractive languages to investigate the phenomenon of politeness, on the other hand, a very small number of studies have been devoted to Japanese impoliteness, most of them limited to BBSs’ (Bulletin Board System) chats on Internet. Interestingly, Japanese native speakers declare, in general, that their language has a very limited number of offensive expressions and that ‘impoliteness’ is not a characteristic of their mother tongue. I tried to analyse some samples of spontaneous conversations taken from YouTube and other multimedia repertoires, in order to detect the main strategies used in Japanese real conversations to cause offence or to show a threatening attitude toward the partner’s face. It seems possible to state that, notwithstanding the different ‘cultural’ peculiarities, impoliteness shows, also in Japanese, a set of strategies common to other languages and that impoliteness, in terms of morphology, is not a mirror counterpart of keigo.