bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaving the West, rejoining the East? Gender and family in Japan’s semi-compressed modernity
Authors: Ochiai Emiko
Published: April 2014

Japan has moved in a different direction from the West since the 1970s in terms of family and gender role changes. The purpose of this article is to place Japan’s path in a global context and to clarify the factors that made it diverge from the Western path, and to consider if it is becoming closer to the path taken by other Asian countries. A characteristic shared by Japan and other Asian countries is that, even though dramatic demographic changes have occurred, the institution of marriage remains intact. Nevertheless, in contrast to the other Asian countries, which had experienced a compressed modernity and developed liberal familialism in response to the pressures of globalization, Japan had leeway in its semi-compressed modernity to carry out familialist reforms in the 1980s that solidified the family system of the first modernity. It is too simple to say that Japan has rejoined Asia.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Measures to Prevent Recurrent Ankle Sprains
Authors: Janssen Kasper W. , Hendriks Marike R.C. , van Mechelen Willem , Verhagen Evert
Published: April 2014

Background:

Ankle sprains are the most common sports-related injury, associated with a high rate of recurrence and societal costs. Recent studies have emphasized the effectiveness of both neuromuscular training and bracing for the secondary prevention of ankle sprains.

Purpose:

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the separate and combined use of bracing and neuromuscular training for the prevention of the recurrence of ankle sprains.

Study Design:

Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 340 athletes (157 male and 183 female; aged 12-70 years) who had sustained a lateral ankle sprain up to 2 months before inclusion were randomized to a neuromuscular training group (n = 107), brace group (n = 113), and combined intervention group (n = 120). Randomization was stratified by medical treatment of the inclusion sprain. Participants in the neuromuscular training group underwent an 8-week home-based exercise program. Participants in the brace group received a semirigid ankle brace to be worn during all sports activities for a period of 12 months. Participants allocated to the combined group underwent both interventions, with the ankle brace to be worn during all sports activities for a period of 8 weeks. The recurrence of ankle sprains and associated costs were registered during the 1-year follow-up.

Results:

There were no differences between groups at baseline with regard to age, sex, sports participation, previous injury, or knowledge of preventive measures. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the brace group in comparison with the combined group was −€2828.30 (approximately –US$3865.00), based on a difference in the mean cost of −€76.16 (approximately –US$104.00) and a difference in the mean effects of 2.68%. The ICER of the neuromuscular training group in comparison with the combined group was €310.08 (approximately US$424.00), based on a difference in the mean cost of −€28.37 (approximately –US$39.00) and a difference in the mean effects of 9.15%.

Conclusion:

Bracing was found to be the dominant secondary preventive intervention over both neuromuscular training and the combination of both measures.
Simple genetics language as source of miscommunication between genetics researchers and potential research participants in informed consent documents
Authors: Morgenstern Justin , Hegele Robert A. , Nisker Jeff
Published: April 2014

Informed consent is based on communication, requiring language to convey meanings and ensure understandings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of language in informed consent documents used in the genetics research funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Genome Canada. Consent documents were requested from the principal investigators in a recent round of funding. A qualitative content analysis was performed, supported by NVivo7™. Potential barriers to informed consent were identified, including language that was vague and variable, words with both technical and common meanings, novel phrases without clear meaning, a lack of definitions, and common concepts that assume new definitions in genetics research. However, we noted that difficulties in comprehension were often obscured because the words used were generally simple and familiar. We conclude that language gaps between researcher and potential research participants may unintentionally impair comprehension and ultimately impair informed consent in genomics research.
The ‘hollowing out’ of the national subsidiary in multinational companies: is it happening, does it matter, what are the strategic consequences?
Authors: Murray Gregor , Jalette Patrice , Bélanger Jacques , Lévesque Christian
Published: April 2014

This article explores the effects of corporate organizational structure and of subsidiary discretion within multinational companies (MNCs). It draws on a representative survey of the most senior HR practitioner in foreign- and domestic-controlled subsidiaries in Canada. Key findings point to the importance of subsidiary discretion, especially discretion over human resource management. Greater subsidiary discretion is associated with a range of positive outcomes: securing international product and service mandates; greater subsidiary influence within the MNC; the promotion and protection of subsidiary employment (increased headcounts, less offshoring, more onshoring); and enhanced engagement with domestic institutions. These results highlight the strategic importance for union, civil society and public policy actors, as well as MNC subsidiary managers themselves, to focus on the drivers of subsidiary discretion, as opposed to the ‘hollowing out’ of corporate structures, and to weave that discretion into larger policy narratives to promote local economies.
Citation Impact Scores of Top African American Scholars in Social Work Schools
Authors: Huggins-Hoyt Kimberly Y. , Holosko Michael J. , Briggs Harold E. , Barner John R.
Published: April 2014

U.S. tenure-track positions have steadily declined over the past 30 years and emphasis on research productivity has escalated. To achieve higher research and scholarship goals, the literature revealed that African American scholars have additional issues to overcome beyond the usual hurdles and challenges confronting other faculty. This study explored current research productivity by examining citation impact scores ( h-indices) collected from Publish or Perish of African American scholars in top 25 ranked schools of social work cited in the 2012 U.S. News and World Report. The resultant sample consisted of N = 14 scholars with h-index scores of 9 and higher. Results revealed nonsignificant statistical differences between specified subgroupings, and 80% of these scholars overexceeded their respective school mean h-index scores. Future research calls for a more comprehensive knowledge of faculty research and scholarship activities overall, including unique subgroups of Social Work scholars such as African Americans.
Mitomycin-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for solitary ampullary cancer liver metastasis: an unusual treatment for an uncommon disease
Authors: Vitale Felice V , Romeo Placido , Luciani Bruno , Raffaele Mario , Colina Paolo , Ferraù Francesco
Published: April 2014

Ampullary carcinoma is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease. Its natural history is often characterized by the occurrence of liver metastases. Among patients who undergo pancreatoduodenectomy, those presenting with lymph nodes involvement are more prone to early distant disease relapse. In this report, a patient previously diagnosed with ampullary carcinoma had been treated with curative surgery. After subsequent adjuvant gemcitabine, the patient developed significant myelotoxicity and suffered from a single liver metastasis a few months later. A hepatic intra-arterial mitomycin plus fluorouracil-based chemotherapy was administered in order to avoid any serious systemic toxicity. The treatment was well tolerated and no serious side effects occurred. Extra-hepatic cancer relapse, involving intra-thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes, was observed not long after the initial intra-hepatic almost complete response. In conclusion, the locoregional chemotherapy administration was effective in overcoming any systemic toxicities and showed activity against the liver metastasis but it did not prevent extra-hepatic cancer dissemination.
Carfilzomib-related acute kidney injury may be prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine
Authors: Wanchoo Rimda , Khan Seyyar , Kolitz Jonathan E , Jhaveri Kenar D
Published: April 2014

Carfilzomib is a second-generation epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor that is approved for treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Phase 2 trials have reported that 25% of treated patients have renal adverse effects. Pre-renal/vasoconstriction-related insult from this chemotherapy agent has been documented. We describe a case of a 78-year-old man with refractory multiple myeloma with acute kidney injury associated with carfilzomib treatment. We show that use of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in our patient partially mitigated the renal injury upon re-challenge. This case report hypothesizes that acute renal injury from carfilzomib is caused by vasoconstriction of the renal vessels, which may be prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine.
Phronesis and moral education: Treading beyond the truisms
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: April 2014

Whereas most latter-day Aristotelian approaches to moral education highlight the early habituation phase of moral development, they rarely have much to say, beyond truisms from the Nicomachean ethics, about the ultimate Aristotelian goal of cultivating fully fledged phronesis. The aim of this article is to repair the dearth of attention given to phronesis in moral education circles and to bring considerations from other, but related, discourses (such as general Aristotelian scholarship and wisdom studies in psychology) to bear on it. I pay special attention to the so-called skill analogy, which considers virtue acquisition on par with the acquisition of ordinary practical skills, but argue that current articulations of it fail to account fully for the integrative, as distinct from the constitutive, function of phronesis. I argue that the skill analogy needs to be extended to account for the fact that in order to develop fully, phronesis requires direct teaching about the nature of the well-rounded life, providing the learner with an indirect blueprint for eudaimonia. Such a blueprint cannot eschew consequentialist considerations, and to be taught well within current school systems, it needs a discrete place in the school timetable.
Contrasts and similarities in economic performance of migrant entrepreneurs
Authors: Sahin Mediha , Nijkamp Peter , Suzuki Soushi
Published: April 2014

In recent years, migrant entrepreneurs have come to occupy a prominent place in the SME sector in many cities in developed countries, with varying degrees of success. The concept of migrant entrepreneurship suggests a homogeneous set of actors, but it remains to be seen whether differences in cultural and ethnic backgrounds, in education, in age and gender, and in motivational profiles lead to contrasting business outcomes. The present paper aims to identify and compare differences in the economic performance of individual migrant business firms on the basis of a quantitative assessment of the drivers of their efficiency profiles. In this context, we will address in particular the drivers and barriers for the heterogeneous business strategies of specific classes of migrant entrepreneurs. After the use of a multivariate statistical analysis, a modern operational approach–originating from organizational theory–that aims to make a comparative study of quantitative efficiency differences between individual decision-making units (DMUs), viz. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed. DEA is used here to assess relative performance differences between distinct categories of migrant entrepreneurs in the city of Amsterdam. A wealth of relevant data has been collected by systematic, personally-supervised interviews and questionnaires, and these contain a variety of efficiency-oriented indicators, on both the input and the output side. Several additional analyses ─ using multivariate cross-analysis methods ─ are also carried out to test the robustness of our findings by, inter alia, investigating the influence of specific socio-cultural ethnic groups, levels of education, first-and second-generation migrants, and age. Finally, the paper offers some lessons on entrepreneurship strategies.

Jel codes

R10, O15, L26.
Provision and Discussion of Survivorship Care Plans Among Cancer Survivors: Results of a Nationally Representative Survey of Oncologists and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Blanch-Hartigan Danielle , Forsythe Laura P. , Alfano Catherine M. , Smith Tenbroeck , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Ganz Patricia A. , Rowland Julia H.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

Survivorship care planning should involve discussions between providers and cancer survivors to address survivors' needs and optimize adherence. We examined the frequency and factors associated with oncologists' and primary care physicians' (PCPs) reports of provision of written survivorship care plans (SCPs) and discussion of survivorship care recommendations with survivors.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 1,130 oncologists and 1,020 PCPs was surveyed about survivorship care practices with survivors. Logistic regression models predicted multilevel factors associated with providing SCPs or discussing recommendations with survivors.

Results

Although a majority of oncologists (64%) reported always/almost always discussing survivorship care recommendations with survivors, fewer also discussed who survivors should see for cancer-related and other follow-up care (32%); fewer still also provided a written SCP to the survivor (< 5%). Survivorship care recommendations and provider responsibility were not regularly discussed by PCPs and survivors (12%). Oncologists who reported detailed training about late and long-term effects of cancer were more likely to provide written SCPs (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.44) and discuss survivorship care planning with survivors (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.70). PCPs who received SCPs from oncologists were 9× more likely (95% CI, 5.74 to 14.82) to report survivorship discussions with survivors.

Conclusion

A minority of both PCPs and oncologists reported consistently discussing and providing SCPs to cancer survivors. Training and knowledge specific to survivorship care and coordinated care between PCPs and oncologists were associated with increased survivorship discussions with survivors. These nationally representative data provide a useful benchmark to assess implementation of new efforts to improve the follow-up care of survivors.
Breast Cancer After Chest Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Moskowitz Chaya S. , Chou Joanne F. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Bernstein Jonine L. , Malhotra Jyoti , Novetsky Friedman Danielle , Mubdi Nidha Z. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Stovall Marilyn , Hammond Sue , Smith Susan A. , Henderson Tara O. , Boice John D. , Hudson Melissa M. , Diller Lisa R. , Bhatia Smita , Kenney Lisa B. , Neglia Joseph P. , Begg Colin B. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

The risk of breast cancer is high in women treated for a childhood cancer with chest irradiation. We sought to examine variations in risk resulting from irradiation field and radiation dose.

Patients and Methods

We evaluated cumulative breast cancer risk in 1,230 female childhood cancer survivors treated with chest irradiation who were participants in the CCSS (Childhood Cancer Survivor Study).

Results

Childhood cancer survivors treated with lower delivered doses of radiation (median, 14 Gy; range, 2 to 20 Gy) to a large volume (whole-lung field) had a high risk of breast cancer (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 43.6; 95% CI, 27.2 to 70.3), as did survivors treated with high doses of delivered radiation (median, 40 Gy) to the mantle field (SIR, 24.2; 95% CI, 20.7 to 28.3). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer by age 50 years was 30% (95% CI, 25 to 34), with a 35% incidence among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (95% CI, 29 to 40). Breast cancer–specific mortality at 5 and 10 years was 12% (95% CI, 8 to 18) and 19% (95% CI, 13 to 25), respectively.

Conclusion

Among women treated for childhood cancer with chest radiation therapy, those treated with whole-lung irradiation have a greater risk of breast cancer than previously recognized, demonstrating the importance of radiation volume. Importantly, mortality associated with breast cancer after childhood cancer is substantial.
Design of Amphiphilic Zwitterions Forming Liquid-Crystalline Phases and Effects of Lithium Salt Addition on Their Phase Behavior
Authors: Matsumoto Takuro , Ichikawa Takahiro , Sakuda Junji , Kato Takashi , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: April 2014

We prepared pyridinium-based amphiphilic zwitterions and examined their liquid-crystalline (LC) phase behavior in the presence and absence of lithium salts. Addition of lithium salts induced nanosegregated LC phases such as bicontinuous cubic phase and smectic phase depending on the anion species of the lithium salts. For example, an equimolar mixture of dodecylcarbamoyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl)pyridinium betaine and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTf2N) exhibited a bicontinuous cubic phase between 40 and 100 °C. The exhibition of these nanosegregated phases was attributed to the formation of an ionic liquid-like ion pair composed of the pyridinium cation and the Tf2N anion. The preferential interaction between the pyridinium cation and the Tf2N anion was confirmed with Raman spectroscopic measurement. Moreover, the amphiphilic zwitterions were found to show not only thermotropic LC behavior but also lyotropic LC behavior in the presence of polar solvents such as protic ionic liquids. The results presented here indicate that the combination of amphiphilic zwitterions and suitable additive ions is a potential method to construct nanostructured LC materials showing tuneable phase behavior.
Reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran : a facile route to a new dihydrobenzothiazine derivative
Authors: Jaafar Amani , Khalaf Ali , FarÃ¨s FarÃ¨s , GrÃ©e Danielle , Abdallah Hassan , Roisne Thierry , GrÃ©e RenÃ© , Hachem Ali
Published: April 2014

As part of our studies focused on the design and synthesis of biologically active molecules, polyheterocyclic compound 3 was prepared in one step from commercially available 2-aminothiophenol 1 and 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran 2. DerivativeÂ  3 underwent a further isomerization to compound 4 in a reaction promoted by traces of HCl in chloroform.
Supporting the Next Generation of Caregivers: Service Use and Needs of Adult Siblings of Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Holl Emily , Morano Carmen L.
Published: April 2014

As a result of gains in health care, people with intellectual disability are outliving their parents, creating an unprecedented need to support this population. Siblings represent the longest lasting family relationships and often become caregivers for their brothers and sisters with intellectual disability when parents pass away. Given the growing number of siblings who are assuming this caregiver role, it is important to understand the challenges and opportunities they face. This project explored the needs of adult sibling caregivers and the service system's efficacy in meeting these needs. Using focus groups and a phenomenological approach, this study explored siblings' experiences with the service system, including barriers, needs, and how services impact their well-being. Findings suggest that siblings who have greater access to services and supports experience greater well-being and ability to support their brothers and sisters with intellectual disability.
Reading the Diptych: The Awntyrs off Arthure , Medium, and Memory
Authors: Roscoe Brett
Published: April 2014

Drawing on the psychology of reading and psychoanalytical notions of the uncanny and cryptonymy, this essay argues that the Awntyrs off Arthure resists the cognitive processes involved in reading narrative. Through a spectral encounter that is forgotten yet remembered, the poem haunts its audience and casts a critical shadow over the Arthurian court.
Anna and the King(s): Marriage Alliances, Ethnicity, and Succession in the Historia Regum Britanniae
Authors: Molchan Greg
Published: April 2014

This essay discusses how Geoffrey of Monmouth on the one hand utilizes marriage alliances in the Historia Regum Britanniae in order to expand Arthur’s lands and how, on the other hand, Geoffrey expresses anxiety regarding the threat that bringing foreign blood into Arthur’s kin group poses to his narrative.
Loyalty and Horizontal Cosmopolitanism in Chrétien de Troyes’ Cligés
Authors: Vishnuvajjala Usha
Published: April 2014

This article argues that Cligés suggests a type of cosmopolitanism that differs from Stoic and modern definitions of cosmopolitanism, in which individuals hold specific loyalties to more than one nation or culture without conflict, and in which cosmopolitan relationships stem from the search for pleasure in new, different experiences.
Gauvain and Gringalet: Comic Masculinities in Paien de Maisières
Authors: McInerney Maud Burnett
Published: April 2014

Two short romances about Gauvain, La Mule Sans Frein and Le Chevalier à l’Épée represent the hero as a comic figure. Reading between these texts and Chrétien’s Conte du Graal reveals the degree to which the figure of the knight is queered by his relationship to horses and other animals.
The Artist and the Exegete: Decoding Visions in Glenn Kaino’s The Siege Perilous
Authors: Zeiders Blaire
Published: April 2014

This article explores intersections between Glenn Kaino’s sculpture The Siege Perilous (2002) and the thirteenth-century romance La Queste del Saint Graal . Both Kaino and his medieval predecessor couple mysterious objects and images with unsatisfying explanations, exposing our dependence on interpretations by unreliable or ingenuous exegetes—and pushing us beyond this dependence.
Lybeaus Desconus : Transformation, Adaptation, and the Monstrous-Feminine
Authors: Salisbury Eve
Published: April 2014

This three-part essay addresses the monstrous-feminine in Lybeaus Desconus , a Middle English romance extant in six manuscript versions. Part 1 foregrounds variations on the fierce kiss ( fier basier ) that signals a change in narratives of the ‘Fair Unknown.’ Part 2 addresses Lybeaus’ status as an illegitimate son of Gawain and his reintegration into courtly society. Part 3 examines the means by which the monstrous-feminine plays a role in the transformation of a source text into two English versions in a complex process of adaptation.
Tibetan Opera in and outside the Tibet Autonomous Region
Authors: Fitzgerald Kati
Published: April 2014

This article examines common misconceptions in the field of Tibetan opera ( lhamo ) studies that arise out of analysis of performances conducted in and outside the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Dichotomies propagated by contextual and environmental elements of performance disallow clear analysis of the core characteristics of performance. An ingrained political and aesthetic prejudice leads to an oversimplification of the merits of lhamo performances inside the TAR and in exile. This article attempts to clarify some of the root reasons for these distortions and posits a new line of future research.
“Democratic Kabuki” for a “Democratic Japan”: 1945–1946
Authors: Brandon James R.
Published: April 2014

Officials in the American Occupation of Japan following the end of World War II promoted “democratic” themes in part by encouraging playwrights to write contemporary plays. This article briefly examines four unusual kabuki plays written and set in devastated postwar Japan (1945–1946), translating portions of the texts and noting how themes of militarism, police thought control, and individualism are handled. Notably postwar “new Japan” is little discussed and the Occupation presence is little acknowledged.
River! River! River! A Minjian Eco-Theatre
Authors: Zhuang Jiayun
Published: April 2014

The 2009 eco-theatre production Jianghe xing (River! River! River!), directed by Shanghai-based director Zang Ningbei, reminds its audience of the environmental and ecological impact of hydropower generation projects in the Three Rivers area in Southwest China. This article examines the ways in which River! River! River! identifies itself with minjian xiju (theatre among the people, or, theatre of people to people), and explores River! River! River! ’s utopian performative potential to create a public forum within the theatre in which citizens’ questioning is allowed, exchanges of knowledge are encour¬aged, and involvement in environmental matters are activated.
Beate Sirota Gordon: Producing Performance at the Asia Society
Authors: Foley Kathy
Published: April 2014

Beate Sirota Gordon (1923–2012) of the Asia Society became a major producer, promoting Japanese and Asian performance in New York and across the United States from the 1950s through the 1990s. Her work contributed to education about Asia in the United States, garnered support for Asian artists both in their home country and in global venues, contributed to intercultural explorations in avant garde circles, and was a contributor to cultural diplomacy through performance in the Cold War era.
Suzuki Tadashi’s La Dame aux Camélias in Taiwan
Authors: Tuan Iris Hsin-chun
Published: April 2014

Postmodern pastiche and hybridity informed the performance La Dame aux Camélias (Taipei, 2011) directed by Tadashi Suzuki (1939–). Suzuki’s production conceived for Taiwan had visual theatrical innovation and contemporary setting, yet the music design could lead to cultural misunderstandings.
Pure Love and Beyond: Suzuki Tadashi’s Use of Taiwanese Popular Music in La Dame aux Camélias (2011)
Authors: Liang Lia Wen-Ching
Published: April 2014

La Dame aux Camélias is Suzuki Tadashi’s first collaboration with Taiwan’s National Theatre. Interlacing the well-known love story with Taiwanese popular music, Suzuki’s Camélias should be read with his previous works as well as Taiwan’s social and political context in which the production took place. This article examines the complexity brought by extratextual narrative in Suzuki’s selection of popular songs and discusses how Suzuki turned the love story into an allegory of Taiwan’s contested postcoloniality.
Mutual Illumination: The Xinggan Dramas and the Fanjiulou Ritual of Yongkang, Zhejiang
Authors: Cooper Gene
Published: April 2014

This article documents the intimate relationship between drama and ritual in rural China. Drama was an indispensable means of entertaining the deities, enticing them down from the heavens to receive human offerings. The xinggan dramas examined in this article, however, were distinctive in that their content was actually thematically related to the Fanjiulou salvation ritual during which they were performed. Xinggan dramas not only entertained the deities but also provided a means by which audiences were able to visualize in the drama the very process of salvation that the simultaneous conduct of the Fanjiulou ritual was meant to effect. Thus, xinggan dramas and the rituals of Fanjiulou were mutually reinforcing, each contributing to a common goal, each shedding light on the significance of the other.
Reconstructing Memory, Constructing the Future: An Interview with PM Toh
Authors: Aberle Tamara
Published: April 2014

Agus Nur Amal, aka PM Toh, is an Indonesian performer and storyteller who trained at Jakarta’s Arts Institute and in the art of dangedria , a form of Acehnese storytelling. He is working in Jakarta and Aceh but since 2006 has established an increasingly international portfolio. This interview focuses on the performer’s socially engaged community arts productions in the context of civil society building in Indonesia.
Socialist Realism and New Subjectivities: Modern Acting in Gao Xingjian’s Cold Theatre
Authors: Odom Glenn
Published: April 2014

While Gao Xingjian’s discussions of acting and theatre have been analyzed in terms of postmodernism, Western modernism, the idea of exile, and traditional Chinese acting techniques, little has been said about Gao’s place within the distinct theoretical, artistic, and material context of the rapidly modernizing pre-Maoist, post-Qing China in which he began his work. Chinese ideas of a distinctly Chinese modernity; the specific way in which China utilized Stanislavski; debates over the status of huaju (spoken drama) and various Chinese forms of theatre; and emergent ideas about the relationship of the state, religion, and the individual provide a seething cauldron of debate. In addition to engaging with Western notions of subjectivity, Gao’s early work specifically maneuvers through the terrain of Chinese debates of the period in order to generate a curiously contingent modern Chinese subjectivity, and, in so doing, provides insights into the nature of Chinese modernity.
The Legend of Apsara Mera : Princess Norodom Buppha Devi’s Choreography for the Royal Ballet of Cambodia
Authors: Nut Suppya Helene
Published: April 2014

The conception and development of The Legend of Apsara Mera , a new choreography by Princess Buppha Devi of the Royal Ballet of Cambodia, gives insight into how contemporary work is generated in the court ballet repertoire.
Chong Wishing’s Yakiniku Dragon 焼き肉ドラゴン: A Portrait of the Zainichi Korean-Japanese Experience
Authors: Flavin Philip
Published: April 2014

Chong Wishing’s Yakiniku Dragon describes the life of the minority Korean-Japanese (zainichi 在日) population in Osaka during the late 1960s. The introduction gives the historical cultural context for the author’s zainichi ethnic background, discusses aspects of Chong’s life that inform the work, and evaluates his continuing exploration of the zainichi as a permanent Other in Japanese society.
Innovation in Nō : Matsui Akira Continues a Tradition of Change
Authors: Anno Mariko , Halebsky Judy
Published: April 2014

Within the practice of Japanese nō theatre, there are tensions between preserving the art and allowing change. However, innovation through performance has been central to nō throughout its long history, from the variant nō of the Edo era (1603–1868) to the more recent emergence of revival nō and new nō . The long career of nō master Matsui Akira (1946–) offers an individual perspective on the history of change in the tradition of nō . Based on a series of interviews with Matsui and research conducted at the Kita School of Nō and the Hōsei Nō Research Institute, this article examines Matsui’s innovations, his unusual path toward becoming a professional, and his transnational collaborations.
Maritime Space as Law and Light: Retrieving William Clark Russell's An Ocean Free-Lance (1882)
Authors: Jones Stephanie
Published: April 2014

William Clark Russell's An Ocean Free-Lance (1882) most obviously reads as a brittle homage to the nobility of a certain mode of imperial activity: it is, most apparently, a memorialisation of the privateer. But this is not the novel's only register. It also involves a broody engagement with oceanic space that is harder to interpret. This might simply be read within a belated-Romantic genre of novelistic yearning within the age of steam for the age of sail: in such terms, the novel easily reads as a critique of industrialisation. But the clear legal tones of the narrative and the novel's particular maritime aesthetics indicate that the nostalgia is more fully felt for the loss of a righteous order, a universal lex naturalis that is embodied in—that inhabits—the privateer. But even this is brought into question by the obscure poetics of light and water that slow down the plot and over-determine the atmosphere of the narrative. Via an engagement with recent historiographies of empire and of British privateering, against the background of work on the significance of law within nineteenth-century literature, and with the help of W.C.R.’s contemporary Robert Louis Stevenson, this paper reads An Ocean Free-Lance towards some larger speculations on the anxious meanings of the ocean as both an inhabited and abstracted space of empire.
Making Claims: Indian litigants and the expansion of the English legal world in the eighteenth century
Authors: Fraas Mitch
Published: April 2014

This paper explores the British Imperial legal world of the mid-eighteenth century. Within this period, the previously confined spaces of English law and legal institutions became open to an ever widening set of legal subjects, both people as well as places. The paper focuses on what was at the time perhaps England’s most remote and murkily defined legal space, the East India Company (EIC) settlements at Madras, Bombay and Calcutta. The paper shows how a series of legal actors: metropolitan judges, Indian litigants and elite lawyers, first bridged the legal worlds of England and the subcontinent. I argue that by the 1750s, through nearly constant interaction and contestation, these actors helped expand the boundaries of English legal procedure and practice. This process of defining legal spaces and subjects was far from abstract and the paper examines the lived experience of actors at a number of different levels including the tenacity of Sikh and Hindu merchants in taking disputes over bad debts all the way to the courts of Westminster and the Privy Council, to arguments spanning both continents over the ability of new types of imperial subjects to participate in the English legal order.
Hindu City and Just Empire: Banaras and India in Ali Ibrahim Khan's legal imagination
Authors: Chatterjee Nandini
Published: April 2014

This article examines the career and ideas of a late Mughal administrator, a Shi‘a Muslim called Ali Ibrahim Khan, who was appointed magistrate of the north Indian city of Banaras after its conquest by the East India Company in 1781, and remained in that position until his death in 1792. Engaging with recent research on legal pluralism on the one hand, and on legal and cultural intermediaries on the other, this paper examines the imagination of imperial, religious and legal spaces by this prolific historian, poet and legal ethnographer, an under-studied protagonist of the process of transition to colonialism in India. Using a range of Persian-language manuscript sources in addition to archival and published material in Urdu and English, the article reveals the principles of Ali Ibrahim Khan's pragmatic but principled efforts to reconcile recognisably Islamic legal principles and procedures with the demands of the emerging colonial situation, and his systematic reference to locality and custom in order to do so.
Piracy and Legality in the Northward: Colonial articulations of law, custom and policy in the late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century Bombay Presidency
Authors: Subramanian Lakshmi
Published: April 2014

The essay revisits ideas of legal pluralism, of subaltern resistance and of alternative geographies that imperial policies and local resistance produced especially in a maritime region such as the northwestern Indian littoral. The essay draws on the more recent and valuable interventions by Lauren Benton and Patricia Risso but in its focus and formulation argues for a politics of resistance, and for the articulation of multiple skeins in the emerging anti-piracy discourse of the colonial state. This was in part due to the blurred and fuzzy boundaries between piracy and privateering in the context of the Atlantic, which had their particular resonance in the Indian Ocean, and in part to the sensibilities and experiences of local officers like Alexander Walker and James McMurdo, whose appreciation of local realities was far removed from the universalizing rhetoric and prescriptions of universal law. On the other hand, the acts of predation too were complex and did not conform to a homogenous standard or prototype—there were instances of men working as maritime mercenaries, as debt collectors and as independent actors taking to the sea and attacking ships as a spontaneous act of will, and not necessarily jostling for legal space or engaging in legal parleys as Benton suggests. This is not to argue that Indian piracy was about cultural resistance and that Indian pirates did not see themselves as privateers unlike their European counterparts, but merely to complicate any easy story-telling, especially given the ambiguities in the European legal discourse on the sea, especially on the Indian Ocean, and the nature of the colonial archive that is being used to recuperate the voice of the marginalized seafarer.
New Settler Colonial Histories at the Edges of Empire: “Asiatics,” settlers, and law in colonial South Africa
Authors: Bose Neilesh
Published: April 2014

The history of Indians in colonial South Africa betrays a long history of settlement, from at least the mid-seventeenth century, regulated by inter-imperial spaces of negotiation, first via the regulation of religion and custom in the 1795–1814 period and then via the regulation of mobile laborers a century later in the high era of legal intervention from 1885–1914. During the latter period, Indians were still categorized as “Asiatic,” even though many Indians began to identify as Indians in the context of political protest against discrimination. In this essay, I argue that a history of law governing “Asiatics” in colonial South Africa reveals important processes of settler colonialism in the British Empire that situate Indians as settlers in a complex landscape of power. Because of their ever-increasing settlements and attachments to land, legal regimes sought to control their movement and residence. Through a brief review of early Indian migration into the Cape region from the mid-seventeenth century through the early nineteenth century assumption of power by the British Empire, I discuss how Indians, though still categorized in a blanket “Asiatic” category by the colonial state, as in previous time periods, were increasingly monitored and controlled because of their expanding settlements from 1885 to 1914. Such a process shows how Indians of South Africa fit into contemporary frameworks of settler colonialism, particularly those developed by Lorenzo Veracini, and the concept of an “exogenous others,” or settlers who were blocked from indigenization in the process of empire. If extended into larger histories of “settler colonies” in the British Empire, such a new vantage point will allow histories of the British Empire that transcend narrow strictures of race, ethnicity, or community.
Islamic Law and Imperial Space: British India as “domain of Islam” circa 1803–1870
Authors: Ghose Rajarshi
Published: April 2014

This paper explores the trajectory of a debate, from the East India Company's occupation of Delhi (1803) until about the end of the Wahhabi Trials (1864–1871), on the Islamic-legal status of British India amongst three generations of Hanafi jurisconsults based in northern India and Bengal. The questions at stake were whether the political space that constituted British India was a “domain of Islam” or a “domain of war,” whether Muslims could live on in the Company's dominion and continue to perform rituals such as the Friday and Eid prayers, or whether they were required under the legal tradition to migrate from the territory and organize jihad against the colonial government. I demonstrate how changes in institutional politics, social imaginaries and sectarian conflicts impacted the disciplinary practice of the Islamic law within the disciplic lineage of Shah Waliallah Dihlawi (1703–1762). The paper argues that an exploration of how the British Indian imperial space was imagined in the register of Islamic jurisprudence helps us to understand better the ethical vision of Islamic scholars who sought to actualize the shari‘a within the political framework of colonialism. It highlights both the potency of empire as political form and the vitality of Islamic legal thought in the nineteenth century.
Climate Change and Us
Authors: Ferguson Frances
Published: April 2014

The shift from the notion of weather to the notion of climate involves a shift in social and political terms. Talk about the weather as the immediate condition of our physical existence is a sociable activity; it unites people in agreements about how hot or cold or turbulent the weather is or has just been. Talk about climate, however, occasions sharp disagreement—particularly when it comes to assigning blame for the causes of climate change and responsibility for remedies. Climate change poses challenges for our most familiar ways of thinking about ethical action in that it both distributes blame generally and exceeds the capacities of experts to provide remedies.
“After the Sublime,” after the Apocalypse: Two Versions of Sustainability in Light of Climate Change
Authors: Stoekl Allan
Published: April 2014

This article interrogates a commonly accepted conception of "sustainability" first formulated in the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987. Stoekl argues that notions of sustainability that are vague as to what is being sustained, and for how long a time, are fundamentally incoherent. Stoekl proposes two conceptions of sustainability, a restrained and a general, that both derive from a recognition that a sustainability based on a calculation of external costs is impossible, given the fundamental incalculability of external cost. This is not to say, however, that the calculation of external costs need not be engaged in, but rather that that its necessity results in a kind of sublime, a sense of awe before a towering task. The sublime itself implies a subject-centered experience, however, which the incalculabilities put in question. This leads to the formulation of a post-sublime implying two sustainabilities: a second order, or restrained, one, entailing the mobilization of fictions and aesthetico-sacred fabulation in the face of ecological disaster, and a first-order, or general one, in which the necessity of the human origin and end is put more thoroughly in question.
Paroles en l’air: Climate Change and the Science of Fables
Authors: Bruyère Vincent
Published: April 2014

Circulating between Rabelais’s frozen words, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault project, Lyotard’s meditation on the death of the sun, frozen embryos bans, and the bioethics of human engineering, this article examines what it means to read and to cultivate an expertise in reading as climate change makes itself present to literary criticism. It is less a plea to make literary criticism policy relevant, and more a memorandum of understanding for what the governance of the future invests in the cultivation of difference in logics of inquiry, and for the moral and social sanction attached to the description of emergent orders of difference.
Climate Change through the Lens of Nuclear Criticism
Authors: Klein Richard
Published: April 2014

The language with which one evokes climate apocalypse implicates a pragmatic paradox of enunciation analogous to one analyzed by Nuclear Criticism. It entails the necessity of speaking about the end of organized society from a perspective, a standpoint beyond the end, posthumously, as it were. It gives rise to the dubious pleasure, in another form, of what has been called the nuclear sublime.
She Stood in Tears amid the Alien Corn: Thinking through Agrilogistics
Authors: Morton Timothy
Published: April 2014

The geological era known as the Anthropocene marks a decisive intersection between human history and geological time. Simultaneously, Western philosophy began to posit the existence of entities that could be thought and computed but not directly perceived. This double disruption ends the functionality of the concept Nature. Yet Nature itself, conceived as a harmonious periodic cycling, is also an effect of the deep background to the Anthropocene: "agrilogistics.” Ten thousand years ago, in the Fertile Crescent, a certain mode of agriculture took hold and subsequently proliferated across Earth. The metaphysics of presence hardwired into agrilogistical space eventually gave rise to the Anthropocene. Is it possible to think outside this paradigm, let alone to change it?
The Catachronism of Climate Change
Authors: Aravamudan Srinivas
Published: April 2014

This essay analyzes how climate change criticism revises nuclear criticism. While nuclear criticism is deployed to ward off nuclear apocalypticism, climate change criticism comes into being at a moment when scientists interpret past and present actions as leading to an irreversible outcome. The concept of the Anthropocene shifts criticism’s focus from being a social science of interactive life to becoming a natural science of species death. As a form of catachronism, the Anthropocene reimagines the history of the past and the present by reference to an unrealized future proclaimed as inevitable. A post-Kantian conflict of the faculties is under way, including a philosophical shift from nuclear texts to Anthropocene objects. This essay declares that the shift from texts to objects and from interactionism to objectivism is solipsistic and unproductive. Instead of obsessing about objects, climate change criticism can delineate the forms of agency that might exist even after apocalypse.
The Valkyrie’s Gender: Old Norse Shield-Maidens and Valkyries as a Third Gender
Authors: Self Kathleen M.
Published: April 2014

This article argues that the medieval Scandinavian valkyrie and shield-maiden, overlapping categories of warrior, are best understood as a third gender, a hybrid of masculine and feminine attributes. Found in a variety of texts, myths, and legends of heroes, for example, these figures are clad in masculine attire, armor, and weapons, and exercise masculine power as they fight and choose who will die in battle. At the same time, linguistic markers, literary devices, and other of their activities mark them as feminine. The article further argues that the shield-maiden who chooses a male spouse subsequently transitions from the third gender to the feminine gender. As a consequence, she loses many of the powerful abilities of a warrior woman, along with her armor and weapons. Furthermore, her subjectivity is altered so that it is founded and dependent on that of her husband. When he dies, she is left with a diminished social network that, given the construction of subjectivity in this medieval context, leaves her personhood diminished as well.
Racialized and Gendered Necropower in Canadian News and Legal Discourse
Authors: Palacios Lena Carla
Published: April 2014

The article reveals how particular mass-mediated journalistic discourses of white middle-class “respectability” are normalized and rendered invisible by dominant media institutions. It explores how Canadian mainstream journalism not only interprets reality in ways that reflect reactionary ideologies and prevailing views of “common sense,” but is responsible for constructing that reality. This reality also reflects how Canadian productions of gendered racial citizenship and white supremacy are currently being reconstituted and revivified by the neoliberal “anti-state state,” and are fueling the discursive and physical violence that drives “necropolitics.” The article engages in a frame analysis of news coverage of two high-profile criminal cases that are cited as the cause célèbre legitimizing the passage of The Citizen’s Arrest and Self-defence Act , and engages with the interventions of critical race feminism and postcolonial theory, which are attentive to how gender and race thinking are co-imbricated in necropolitical forms of power within white settler societies. Since the dualist “construct of respectability and degeneracy” determines who possesses the rightful claim to citizenship and who is excluded from belonging to the nation, it remains important in uncovering interlocking structures of domination.