bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Шансе и замке факторинга у санирању неликвидности предузећа и привреде // Opportunities and pitfalls of factoring in relieving insolvent companies and the economy
Authors: Микеревић Драган
Published: November 2017

Резиме: Повећана конкуренција на тржишту, као и посљедице глобалне кризе ставиле су добављаче у позицију да својим купцима одобравају све дуже рокове плаћања. Поред пролонгирања рокова плаћања купци не успјевају да их изврше што изазива код многих правних лица неликвидност. Факторинг као специфичан и алтернативни облик финансирања је једно од рјешења тог проблема који пружа могућност продаје потраживања специјализованој финансијској институцији-фактору.При коришћењу факторинга треба имати у виду све његове предности али и недостатке. Неопходно је анализирати трошкове факторинга и одлучити се да ли ићи не у овај аранжман.Summary: Increased competition on the market, as well as the effects of the global crisis put the vendors in a position to grant all their customers longer payment terms. Even with the extending of terms for payments, customers are not able to carry them out causing the insolvency of many legal entities. Factoring as a specific and alternative form of financing is one of the solutions to this problem that provides the ability to sell receivables to specialized financial institution-factor.When using factoring, all of its advantages and disadvantages have to be taken into consideration. It is necessary to analyze the cost of factoring and decide whether to proceed or not with this arrangement.
EFEKTI AKTIVNOSTI UNAPREĐENJA PRODAJE PRILIKOM ULASKA POZNATOG BRENDA NA NOVO TRŽIŠTE // EFFECTS OF SALES PROMOTION ACTIVITIES UPON ENTERING THE FAMOUS BRAND IN A NEW MARKET
Authors: Milovanović Mirjana , Perić Nenad
Published: November 2017

Istraživanja su pokazala da je uspeh u pozicioniranju brenda na tržištu, posledicakonkretnog i ciljnog fokusiranja na određeni proizvod ili uslugu. Proizvod ili uslugamoraju biti jasno izdvojeni u svesti krajnjeg kupca, u ovom slučaju nezavisnihautoservisera, podsećajući ih u svakom trenutku na svoje postojanje i takopredstavljajući njihov prvi izbor. U vremenu recesije, veoma je važno sačuvati svakogkrajnjeg kupca, a poseban izazov je “osvajanje” novih kupaca, na postojećim, ali inovim tržištima. U ovom radu će biti govora o aktivnostima unapređenja prodajeprilikom ulaska identifikovanog brenda “AM” (Auto Milovanović, d.o.o) na novotržište. Hipoteze koje će biti dokazane vezane su za značaj edukativno-zabavnihmanifestacija, u cilju unapređenja prodaje, zatim za efekte oglašavanja na područjunekih delova Republike Srpske, te Bosne i Hercegovine, i prepoznavanje istih nanovim tržištima, a vezane su i za spremnost ulaganja nezavisnih autoservisera u novuservisnu opremu, u odnosu na starosnu dob. Hipoteze su dokazivane po razinamaspoznaje, dakle prvo generalna, a potom i kolateralne hipoteze. Koristeći planuzorkovanja, definisana je ciljna populacija, a to su nezavisni autoserviseri, kojideluju na području opštine Doboj (BiH), a ispitanici, njih 66 su kontaktiraniupitnikom, koji su sami popunjavali odmah po primitku na završetku oficijelnog dela edukativne manifestacije “AM Doboj 2013”. Metode statističke obrade podataka sudeskriptivna analiza i Hi-kvadrat test. Evaluacijom dobijenih podataka i praćenjemukupnih prihoda, zaključuje se da su nezavisni autoserviseri, nakon edukativnozabavnemanifestacije, počeli koristiti sve do tada nepoznate pogodnosti, koje im jefirma “AM“ nudila. Važno je napomenuti da su ispitanici, nezavisni autoserviseri,pristigli iz 14 različitih mjesta regije Doboj, te da su na pitanja, koja su bila vezana zaunapređenje prodaje, te uslugu i kvalitet, pozitivno odgovarali u skoro 100%slučajeva.
Rapid DNA replication origin licensing protects stem cell pluripotency
Authors: Matson Jacob Peter , Dumitru Raluca , Coryell Philip , Baxley Ryan M , Chen Weili , Twaroski Kirk , Webber Beau R , Tolar Jakub , Bielinsky Anja-Katrin , Purvis Jeremy E , Cook Jeanette Gowen
Published: November 2017

Complete and robust human genome duplication requires loading minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase complexes at many DNA replication origins, an essential process termed origin licensing. Licensing is restricted to G1 phase of the cell cycle, but G1 length varies widely among cell types. Using quantitative single-cell analyses, we found that pluripotent stem cells with naturally short G1 phases load MCM much faster than their isogenic differentiated counterparts with long G1 phases. During the earliest stages of differentiation toward all lineages, MCM loading slows concurrently with G1 lengthening, revealing developmental control of MCM loading. In contrast, ectopic Cyclin E overproduction uncouples short G1 from fast MCM loading. Rapid licensing in stem cells is caused by accumulation of the MCM loading protein, Cdt1. Prematurely slowing MCM loading in pluripotent cells not only lengthens G1 but also accelerates differentiation. Thus, rapid origin licensing is an intrinsic characteristic of stem cells that contributes to pluripotency maintenance.
Ginsenoside Rk1 bioactivity: a systematic review
Authors: Elshafay Abdelrahman , Tinh Ngo Xuan , Salman Samar , Shaheen Yara Saber , Othman Eman Bashir , Elhady Mohamed Tamer , Kansakar Aswin Ratna , Tran Linh , Van Le , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: November 2017

Ginsenoside Rk1 (G-Rk1) is a unique component created by processing the ginseng plant (mainly Sung Ginseng (SG)) at high temperatures. The aim of our study was to systematically review the pharmacological effects of G-Rk1. We utilized and manually searched eight databases to selectin vivoandin vitrooriginal studies that provided information about biological, pharmaceutical effects of G-Rk1 and were published up to July 2017 with no restriction on language or study design. Out of the 156 papers identified, we retrieved 28 eligible papers in the first skimming phase of research. Several articles largely described the G-Rk1 anti-cancer activity investigating “cell viability”, “cell proliferation inhibition”, “apoptotic activity”, and “effects of G-Rk1 on G1 phase and autophagy in tumor cells” either alone or in combination with G-Rg5. Others proved that it has antiplatelet aggregation activities, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-insulin resistance, nephroprotective effect, antimicrobial effect, cognitive function enhancement, lipid accumulation reduction and prevents osteoporosis. In conclusion, G-Rk1 has a significant anti-tumor effect on liver cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma againstin vitrocell lines.In vivoexperiments are further warranted to confirm these effects.
A 16-gene signature predicting prognosis of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Zeting , Sun Wei , Gao Shaowei , Zhou Huaqiang , Tan Wulin , Cao Minghui , Huang Wenqi
Published: November 2017

Background

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common subtype of oral cancer. A predictive gene signature is necessary for prognosis of OTSCC.

Methods

Five microarray data sets of OTSCC from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and one data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of GEO data sets were identified by integrated analysis. The DEGs associated with prognosis were screened in the TCGA data set by univariate survival analysis to obtain a gene signature. A risk score was calculated as the summation of weighted expression levels with coefficients by Cox analysis. The signature was used to distinguish carcinoma, estimated by receiver operator characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). All were validated in the GEO and TCGA data sets.

Results

Integrated analysis of GEO data sets revealed 300 DEGs. A 16-gene signature and a risk score were developed after survival analysis. The risk score was effective to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in the TCGA data set (P < 0.001). The 16-gene signature was valid to distinguish the carcinoma from normal samples (AUC 0.872, P < 0.001).

Discussion

We identified a useful 16-gene signature for prognosis of OTSCC patients, which could be applied to clinical practice. Further studies were needed to prove the findings.
Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by the Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD90 and CD44 in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Okumura Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Tetsuji , Hirano Katsuhisa , Watanabe Toru , Nagata Takuya , Shimada Yutaka , Tsukada Kazuhiro
Published: November 2017

Background

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a marker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in various types of cancer. Cell surface antigens, such as CD90 and CD44, have been reported to be cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to assess the use of CD90 and CD44 as markers to identify clinically significant CTC subpopulations in ESCC.

Methods

We collected 3 mL of peripheral blood from 10 ESCC patients and 10 healthy volunteers to detect combined expression of EpCAM, CD90, and CD40 using flow cytometry.

Results

The number of EpCAM-positive cell counts (average ± SD) in the patients was significantly higher than healthy volunteers (29.1 ± 35.9 and 2.3 ± 2.5, P = 0.001). The proportions (average ±SD) of CD90- and CD44-positive cells in EpCAM-positive cells were 45.7% ± 42.4% and 98.7% ± 2.7%, respectively. EpCAM-positive/CD44-positive CTC counts, which was equivalent to EpCAM-positive CTC counts, correlated with pathologic V factors in the resected primary tumors (P > 0.01). EpCAM-positive/CD90-positive CTC counts, but not EpCAM-positive/CD90-negative CTC counts, correlated with pathologic V factors in the resected primary tumors (P = 0.01). Our results suggested that combined expression of EpCAM and CD90 may useful to detect CTC subsets, which have highly metastatic features in ESCC. CD44, on the other hand, is equivalent to EpCAM as a marker to detect CTCs in ESCC.
Ripening season, ethylene production and respiration rate are related to fruit non-destructively-analyzed volatiles measured by an electronic nose in 57 peach (Prunus persica L.) samples
Authors: Su Mingshen , Ye Zhengwen , Zhang Bo , Chen Kunsong
Published: November 2017

Fifty-seven peach samples from 19 peach cultivars were gathered at consumption maturities from an orchard between July 21 and September 9 in 2010. Fruit ethylene production (C2H4) was significantly positively correlated with respiration rate (CO2) for tested samples. Fruit non-desctructively-analized volatiles were measured by a FOX 4000 electronic nose (e-nose), which 57 samples were classified into three groups according to ripening season, respiration rate and ethylene production to evaluate the volatile separations. Samples harvested in July, August and September in 2010, samples of high (>25) respiration rate (mL.Kg-1FW.h-1 CO2) and low ones (<16), samples of high (>10) ethylene production (nL.g-1 FW.h-1 C2H4) and low ones (<2) ones could be clearly separated in the discriminant factor analysis (DFA) plots based on fruit volatiles of the e-nose measurements. Intensity values of T30/1, T70/2, PA/2, P30/1, P40/2, P30/2 and T40/2 sensors of the e-nose measurements were in accord with the classifications of harvest seasons, respiration rate and ethylene production. Non-desctructively-analized volatiles, respiration rate and ethylene production were somewhat related each other despite genotype and environmental factor in the tested peach fruit samples.
The Impact of Frictional Healing on Stick‐Slip Recurrence Interval and Stress Drop: Implications for Earthquake Scaling
Authors: Im Kyungjae , Elsworth Derek , Marone Chris , Leeman John
Published: November 2017

Interseismic frictional healing is an essential process in the seismic cycle. Observations of both natural and laboratory earthquakes demonstrate that the magnitude of stress drop scales with the logarithm of recurrence time, which is a cornerstone of the rate and state friction (RSF) laws. However, the origin of this log linear behavior and short time “cutoff” for small recurrence intervals remains poorly understood. Here we use RSF laws to demonstrate that the back‐projected time of null‐healing intrinsically scales with the initial frictional state θi. We explore this behavior and its implications for (1) the short‐term cutoff time of frictional healing and (2) the connection between healing rates derived from stick‐slip sliding versus slide‐hold‐slide tests. We use a novel, continuous solution of RSF for a one‐dimensional spring‐slider system with inertia. The numerical solution continuously traces frictional state evolution (and healing) and shows that stick‐slip cutoff time also scales with frictional state at the conclusion of the dynamic slip process θi (=Dc/Vpeak). This numerical investigation on the origins of stick‐slip response is verified by comparing laboratory data for a range of peak slip velocities. Slower slip motions yield lesser magnitude of friction drop at a given time due to higher frictional state at the end of each slip event. Our results provide insight on the origin of log linear stick‐slip evolution and suggest an approach to estimating the critical slip distance on faults that exhibit gradual accelerations, such as for slow earthquakes.
Wintertime Phytoplankton Blooms in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean Associated With the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Liao Xiaomei , Du Yan , Zhan Haigang , Wang Tianyu , Feng Ming
Published: November 2017

This study investigated boreal wintertime phytoplankton blooms in the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) and the underlying physical mechanisms. The Sea viewing Wide field of View sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll‐a (Chla) concentrations show that phytoplankton blooms occur in the WEIO during December–March. The development of these blooms is not only a seasonal process but also consists of 2–3 intraseasonal events induced by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). During a typical intraseasonal event, enhanced cross‐equatorial wind induces strong upwelling and ocean mixing, thus increasing the supply of nutrients to the surface in equatorial regions. Argo profiles clearly show various responses to the intraseasonal wind bursts, including shoaling of the thermocline and deepening of the mixed layer. Further analysis reveals that the former is the dominant mechanism for the blooms along the equator, while the latter controls the high Chla concentrations off the coast of Somalia. Surface ocean circulations not only account for the blooms south of the equator but also modulate the thermocline depth in the WEIO. The shallower thermocline during the early period of the northeast monsoon season provides favorable conditions for a stronger Chla response to intraseasonal forcing.
Effect of the Initial Vortex Size on Intensity Change in the WRF‐ROMS Coupled Model
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Chan Johnny C. L.
Published: November 2017

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the tropical cyclone (TC) induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling strongly depends on the preexisting oceanic condition and TC characteristics. However, very few focused on the correlation of SST cooling and the subsequent intensity with TC size. Therefore, a series of idealized numerical experiments are conducted using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) model to understand how the vortex size is related to SST cooling and subsequent intensity changes of a stationary TC‐like vortex. In the uncoupled experiments, the radius of maximum wind (RMW) and size (radius of gale‐force wind (R17)) both depend on the initial size within the 72 h simulation. The initially small vortex is smaller than the medium and large vortices throughout its life cycle and is the weakest. In other words, thermodynamic processes do not contribute as much to the R17 change as the dynamic processes proposed (e.g., angular momentum transport) in previous studies. In the coupled experiments, the area‐averaged SST cooling induced by medium and large TCs within the inner‐core region is comparable due to the similar surface winds and thus mixing in the ocean. Although a stronger SST cooling averaged within a larger region outside the inner‐core is induced by the larger TC, the intensity of the larger TC is more intense. This is because that the enthalpy flux in the inner‐core region is higher in the larger TC than that in the medium and small TCs.
Mathematical Modelling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra with Ecosys: 1. Microtopography Determines How Active Layer Depths Respond to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Grant R. F. , Mekonnen Z. A. , Riley W. J. , Wainwright H. M. , Graham D. , Torn M. S.
Published: November 2017

Microtopographic variation that develops among features (troughs, rims, and centers) within polygonal landforms of coastal arctic tundra strongly affects movement of surface water and snow and thereby affects soil water contents (θ) and active layer depth (ALD). Spatial variation in ALD among these features may exceed interannual variation in ALD caused by changes in climate and so needs to be represented in projections of changes in arctic ALD. In this study, increases in near‐surface θ with decreasing surface elevation among polygon features at the Barrow Experimental Observatory (BEO) were modeled from topographic effects on redistribution of surface water and snow and from lateral water exchange with a subsurface water table during a model run from 1981 to 2015. These increases in θ caused increases in thermal conductivity that in turn caused increases in soil heat fluxes and hence in ALD of up to 15 cm with lower versus higher surface elevation which were consistent with increases measured at BEO. The modeled effects of θ caused interannual variation in maximum ALD that compared well with measurements from 1985 to 2015 at the Barrow Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) site (R2 = 0.61, RMSE = 0.03 m). For higher polygon features, interannual variation in ALD was more closely associated with annual precipitation than mean annual temperature, indicating that soil wetting from increases in precipitation may hasten permafrost degradation beyond that caused by soil warming from increases in air temperature. This degradation may be more rapid if increases in precipitation cause sustained wetting in higher features.
Estimation of Woody and Herbaceous Leaf Area Index in Sub‐Saharan Africa Using MODIS Data
Authors: Kahiu M. N. , Hanan N. P.
Published: November 2017

Savannas are widespread global biomes covering ~20% of terrestrial ecosystems on all continents except Antarctica. These ecosystems play a critical role in regulating terrestrial carbon cycle, ecosystem productivity, and the hydrological cycle and contribute to human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Despite the importance of savannas in ecosystem processes and human well‐being, the presence of mixed woody and herbaceous components at scales much finer than most medium‐ and coarse‐resolution satellite imagery poses significant challenges to their effective representation in remote sensing and modeling of vegetation dynamics. Although previous studies have attempted to separate woody and herbaceous components, the focus on greenness indices and fractional cover provides little insight into spatiotemporal variability in woody and herbaceous vegetation structure, in particular, leaf area index (LAI). This paper presents a method to partition 1 km spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aggregate green leaf area index (LAIA) from 2003 to 2015, into separate woody (LAIW) and herbaceous (LAIH) constituents in both drought seasonal savannas and moist tropical forests of Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In our analysis, we use an allometric relationship describing the variation in peak within‐canopy woody LAI of dominant tree species (LAIWpinc) across gradients in mean annual precipitation, coupled with independent estimates of woody canopy cover (τw), to constrain seasonally changing LAIW. We present the LAI partitioning approach and highlight the broad spatial and temporal patterns of woody and herbaceous LAI across SSA. The long‐term average 8 day phenologies of woody and herbaceous LAI (averaged across 2003–2015) are available for evaluation, research, and application purposes.
Tailoring Hybrid Layered Double Hydroxides for the Development of Innovative Applications
Authors: Taviot‐Guého Christine , Prévot Vanessa , Forano Claude , Renaudin Guillaume , Mousty Christine , Leroux Fabrice
Published: November 2017

Hybrid materials based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit great potential in diverse fields such as health care, polymer composites, environment, catalysis, and energy generation. Indeed, the compositional flexibility and the scalability of LDH structures, their low cost, and their ease of synthesis have made hybrid LDHs extremely attractive for constructing smart and high‐performance multifunctional materials. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the current research on multifunctional hybrid LDHs. Organic–inorganic hybrid LDHs, intercalated and surface‐immobilized structures, are both specifically addressed. The new trends and strategies for hybrid LDH synthesis are first described, and then the potential of the latest hybrid LDHs, polymer LDH nanocomposites, and LDH bio‐nanocomposites are presented. Significant achievements published from ≈2010, including authors' results, which employ hybrid LDH assemblies in materials science, medicine, polymer nanocomposites, cement chemistry, and environmental technologies, are specifically addressed. It is concluded with remarks on present challenges and future prospects.
High‐Resolution Patterning and Transferring of Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials onto Tape toward Roll‐to‐Roll Production of Tape‐Based Wearable Sensors
Authors: Oren Seval , Ceylan Halil , Schnable Patrick S. , Dong Liang
Published: November 2017

This paper reports on a simple and versatile method for patterning and transferring graphene‐based nanomaterials onto various types of tape to realize flexible microscale sensors. The method involves drop‐casting a graphene film on a prepatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing negative features by graphene suspensions, applying Scotch tape to remove the excess graphene from the nonpatterned areas of the PDMS surface, and then transferring the patterned graphene from the inside of the negative features at the PDMS surface onto a target tape. The feature size of transferred graphene patterns on the final tape is as small as a few micrometers. This method is easy to implement, but does not require the use of expensive equipment, except for needing a PDMS substrate containing negative features. This method has a high versatility in producing micropatterns of graphene‐based nanomaterials on different types of adhesive tape. For the purpose of application demonstration, flexible mechanical sensors and sensor arrays, smart gloves, and plant leaf sensors on tapes to realize real‐time monitoring of important signals indicating human motion and plant water transport behavior have been developed. This technology will open a new route for low‐cost, scalable, and roll‐to‐roll production of graphene‐based sensors on tape.
Mitochondrial DNA changes in pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons in Parkinson disease
Authors: Bury Alexander G. , Pyle Angela , Elson Joanna L. , Greaves Laura , Morris Christopher M. , Hudson Gavin , Pienaar Ilse S.
Published: November 2017

In Parkinson disease (PD), mitochondrial dysfunction associates with nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss. Cholinergic neuronal loss co‐occurs, particularly within a brainstem structure, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). We isolated single cholinergic neurons from postmortem PPNs of aged controls and PD patients. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and mtDNA deletions were increased significantly in PD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, compared to controls the PD patients had significantly more PPN cholinergic neurons containing mtDNA deletion levels exceeding 60%, a level associated with deleterious effects on oxidative phosphorylation. The current results differ from studies reporting mtDNA depletion in nigral dopaminergic neurons of PD patients. Ann Neurol 2017;82:1016–1021
Das schwach koordinierende Tris(trichlorsilyl)silyl‐Anion
Authors: Olaru Marian , Hesse Maxie F. , Rychagova Elena , Ketkov Sergey , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: November 2017

In Anlehnung an die Vorschrift von Roesky und Stalke et al. (Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 5793–5796) zur Herstellung des basenstabilisierten Dichlorsilylen‐Komplexes NHCDipp⋅SiCl2 wurden neben dem beschriebenen Nebenprodukt [NHCDipp‐H+⋅⋅⋅Cl‐] wenige Kristalle des Salzes [NHCDipp‐H⋅⋅⋅Cl⋅⋅⋅H‐NHCDipp]Si(SiCl3)3 isoliert und kristallographisch charakterisiert (NHCDipp=N,N‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazo‐2‐yliden). Sie enthalten das schwach koordinierende Si(SiCl3)3−‐Anion, das systematisch in hohen Ausbeuten durch die Deprotonierung der konjugierten Brønsted‐Säure HSi(SiCl3)3 mit NHCDipp oder 1,2,2,6,6‐Pentamethylpiperidin erhalten wurde. Die durch DFT‐Rechnungen abgeschätzte Acidität von HSi(SiCl3)3 ist bedeutend höher als die anderer H‐Silane. DFT‐Rechnungen zur elektronischen Struktur von Si(SiCl3)3−, einschließlich des elektrostatischen Potentials und der Elektronenlokalisierbarkeit, bestätigen die geringe Basizität und Nukleophilie im Vergleich zu anderen Silylanionen.
Masking topic‐related information to enhance authorship attribution
Authors: Stamatatos Efstathios
Published: November 2017

Authorship attribution attempts to reveal the authors of documents. In recent years, research in this field has grown rapidly. However, the performance of state‐of‐the‐art methods is heavily affected when text of known authorship and texts under investigation differ in topic and/or genre. So far, it is not clear how to quantify the personal style of authors in a way that is not affected by topic shifts or genre variations. In this paper, a set of text distortion methods are used attempting to mask topic‐related information. These methods transform the input texts into a more topic‐neutral form while maintaining the structure of documents associated with the personal style of the author. Using a controlled corpus that includes a fine‐grained range of topics and genres it is demonstrated how the proposed approach can be combined with existing authorship attribution methods to enhance their performance in very challenging tasks, especially in cross‐topic attribution. We also examine cross‐genre attribution and the most challenging, yet realistic, cross‐topic‐and‐genre attribution scenarios and show how the proposed techniques should be tuned to enhance performance in these tasks. Finally, we demonstrate that there are important differences in attribution effectiveness when either conversational genres, nonconversational genres, or a mix of them are considered.
The mismeasure of science: Citation analysis
Authors: MacRoberts Michael H. , MacRoberts Barbara R.
Published: November 2017

For several decades we, among others, have criticized the use of citations for evaluative purposes. Although these criticisms have been noted, they have been largely brushed aside or ignored, not addressed head on. This may be for a number of reasons, but we believe the main one is that these criticisms undermine the desire to have an easy “scientific”—that is, quantitative—method of evaluation. Consequently, we continue and update our criticism of the use of citations for evaluation.
Impacts of projected urban expansion and global warming on cooling energy demand over a semiarid region
Authors: Tewari Mukul , Salamanca Francisco , Martilli Alberto , Treinish Lloyd , Mahalov Alex
Published: November 2017

Large impacts of global warming and urbanization on near‐surface air temperature increase and cooling energy demand are expected for the American Southwest region. The relative importance of these two features and their interactions are studied by means of a mesoscale model with a multilayer building energy model that allows accounting for the feedback between cooling energy consumption and air temperature for a typical summer period in Arizona. This approach allows to separate the impact of global warming from the one due to urbanization, on energy demand and air temperature. Under the highest greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP8.5), adverse effects on mean air temperature of global warming overwhelm those from the urbanization of new areas. In particular, the mean temperature increase for a summer period due to global warming and urban expansion in the Phoenix metropolitan area is 3.6 °C and in the Tucson metropolitan area, it is 3.1 °C. These result in an increase in the spatial density of the cooling energy demand (MW km−2) by 36.2 and 42.6% in the respective regions compared to present consumption. The citywide cooling energy demand (MW) on the other hand, is expected to increase up to a factor two (Phoenix) and three (Tucson), with ∼75% of this increase due to urban expansion, and ∼25% due to global warming.
Quantification of the responses of equatorial Pacific surface wind to uncertain cloud‐related parameters in GAMIL2
Authors: Xie Feng , Xue Wei , Li Lijuan , Zhang Tao , Wang Bin , Xu Shiming
Published: November 2017

The response of surface winds over the equatorial Pacific to cloud‐related parameters is quantified by using a uniform sampling method and conducting a large number of perturbed parameter simulations. The results show that the surface winds are highly sensitive to, and even linearly dependent on some parameters that include the precipitation efficiency for deep convection (C0_deep), the time scale for the consumption rate of shallow CAPE (CMFTAU), and the threshold value for RH for deep convection (RHCRIT), indicating the potential to improve surface wind simulations by tuning these parameters. Parameter changes indirectly affect surface winds through changes in vertical velocity or deduced circulation linked to diabatic heating (DH) above the surface. The relative contribution of static stability changes induced by perturbed parameter to balancing DH and affecting vertical velocity exceeds 10% in most of the troposphere.
Reliability modelling incorporating load share and frailty
Authors: Asha G. , Raja A. Vincent , Ravishanker Nalini
Published: November 2017

The stochastic behaviour of lifetimes of a two component system is often primarily influenced by the system structure and by the covariates shared by the components. Any meaningful attempt to model the lifetimes must take into consideration the factors affecting their stochastic behaviour. In particular, for a load share system, we describe a reliability model incorporating both the load share dependence and the effect of observed and unobserved covariates. The model includes a bivariate Weibull to characterize load share, a positive stable distribution to describe frailty, and also incorporates effects of observed covariates. We investigate various interesting reliability properties of this model using cross ratio functions and conditional survivor functions. We implement maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters and discuss model adequacy and selection. We illustrate our approach using a simulation study. For a real data situation, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model that incorporates both load share and frailty effects over competing models that incorporate just one of these effects. An attractive and computationally simple cross‐validation technique is introduced to reconfirm the claim. We conclude with a summary and discussion.
Early executive dysfunction in ASD: Simple versus complex skills
Authors: Garon Nancy , Smith Isabel M. , Bryson Susan E.
Published: November 2017

Despite the strong evidence of executive function (EF) impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), findings in the preschool period have been inconsistent. Whereas some research has supported an early deficit, many studies have not found early differences in EF. The present study assessed simple and complex components of three EF abilities: working memory, inhibition, and shifting, using a novel battery, the Preschool EF Battery (PEFB; Garon, Smith & Bryson, Child Neuropsychology, 20, 713–736, 2014). Previous research has indicated that the PEFB is sensitive to age differences in typically developing (TD) children aged 18–60 months. Current participants were 34 preschoolers (M = 54.79 months) diagnosed with ASD and 255 TD preschoolers (M = 42.98 months). Results indicated significant differences between the two groups in the three EF abilities, but specific findings were moderated by mental and chronological age. The findings highlight the importance of testing simpler EF skills in very young children with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 318–330. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Given that executive functions (EF) have been found to predict various outcomes such as academic ability and occupational success, sensitive early assessment is important. The current study suggests the presence of early EF deficits in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the importance of considering how EF develops during early life in typically developing children in order to design sensitive EF measures.
Workflow for Target‐Oriented Parametrization of an Enhanced Mechanistic Cell Culture Model
Authors: Ulonska Sophia , Kroll Paul , Fricke Jens , Clemens Christoph , Voges Raphael , Müller Markus M. , Herwig Christoph
Published: November 2017

The goal of this study is to develop a macroscopic mechanistic model describing growth and production within fed‐batch cultivations of CHO cells. The model should be used for process characterization as well as for process monitoring including real‐time parameter adaptations. The model proved to be able to describe a data‐set of 40 processes differing in clones, scales, and process conditions with a normalized root mean square error of approximately 10%. However, due to limited parameter identifiability and limited knowledge about physiologically meaningful parameter values, a broad range of parameters could describe the data with similar quality. This hampered comparison of the model parameters as well as their real‐time estimation. Therefore an iterative workflow combining techniques like sensitivity and identifiability analysis, analysis of the specific rates as well as structural adaptations of the parameter space is developed. By applying it the parameter variability could be reduced by 80% with similar predictive power as the original parameters. Summing up, based on a mechanistic CHO model, a generic and transferrable workflow is created for target‐oriented parameter estimation in case of limited parameter identifiability. Finally, we suggest a methodology, which fits ideally into the frame of Process Analytical Technology aiming to increase process understanding.
Engineering Escherichia coli Co‐Cultures for Production of Curcuminoids From Glucose
Authors: Fang Zhen , Jones John A. , Zhou Jingwen , Koffas Mattheos A. G.
Published: November 2017

Curcuminoids (cus) have attracted increasing attention because of the antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor activities while their production is limited because of its main source, turmeric plant, demonstrates extensive seasonal variation. In this study, we constructed Escherichia coli co‐culture system for the rapid production of curcuminoids from glucose. Firstly, the overexpression of curcuminoid synthase and four different strategies related to increasing the intracellular malonyl‐CoA pool were conducted in engineered E. coli. We found that bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is the main product and that high level of malonyl‐CoA pool is essential for BDMC production. We also obtained the maximum titer (13.8 mg L−1) of BDMC within 4 h by fast preparation directly from p‐coumaric acid. Secondly, we developed a process for BDMC synthesis from glucose using a co‐culture system where an E. coli strain is used to produce p‐coumaric acid from glucose and another E. coli strain converted p‐coumaric acid into the final product. Compared to the mono‐culture system, the co‐culture is more potent and resulted in 6.28 mg L−1 of BDMC from glucose within 22 h of fermentation in a 3‐L bioreactor. This is the first time a co‐culture method is employed for the production of curcuminoids from glucose in a lab scale bioreactor. This system provides a new method transforming inexpensive substrate into value‐added products.
Frailty in nonagenarians: A bridge too far?
Authors: Morad Mohammad , Gray William A.
Published: November 2017

Key Points

There is no clear consensus about the definition of frailty and how to accurately measure it.

There is accumulating evidence that frail old patients have worse outcomes after TAVR compared to non‐frail patients.

Further randomized research is needed to confirm those concerns and to standardize the role of frailty assessment in patient selection for TAVR.
Exceptionally Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Metal–Organic Framework Catalyst for Glucose Isomerization in Water
Authors: Oozeerally Ryan , Burnett David L. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Walton Richard I. , Degirmenci Volkan
Published: November 2017

Heterogeneous catalysts are desired for the conversion of glucose, the most abundant sugar in renewable biomass, but presently their synthesis requires highly toxic chemicals with long synthesis times. We report the conversion of glucose into fructose and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural on a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and selective and operates in the most environmentally benign solvent, water. We used a bifunctional solid with Lewis and Brønsted acid sites by partially replacing the organic linker of the zirconium organic framework UiO‐66 with 2‐monosulfo‐benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate. This catalyst showed high product selectivity (90 %) to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and fructose at 140 °C in water after a reaction time of 3 h. It was recyclable and showed only a minor loss in activity after the third recycle, offering a realistic solution for the bottleneck glucose isomerization reaction for scale‐up and industrial application of biomass utilization.
Photophysical and Photoacoustic Properties of Quadrupolar Borondifluoride Curcuminoid Dyes
Authors: Bellinger Stephanie , Hatamimoslehabadi Maryam , Bag Seema , Mithila Farha , La Jeffrey , Frenette Mathieu , Laoui Samir , Szalda David J. , Yelleswarapu Chandra , Rochford Jonathan
Published: November 2017

The synthesis and characterization of a series of donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor (D‐A‐D) curcuminoid molecules is presented herein that incorporates π‐extended aryl and electron‐donating amino terminal functionalization. Computational evaluation shows these molecules possess quadrupolar character with the lowest energy transitions displaying high molar extinction coefficients with broad tunability through manipulation of terminal donating groups. Consistent with their quadrupolar nature, these molecules show varying degrees of solvatochromic behavior in both their absorption and emission spectra, which has been analyzed by Lippert–Mataga and Kamlet–Taft analysis. Photophysical and photoacoustic (PA) properties of these molecules have been investigated by the optical photoacoustic z‐scan (OPAZ) method. Selected curcuminoid molecules display nonlinear behavior at a high laser fluence through excited state absorption that translates to the production of an enhanced photoacoustic emission. A relative comparison of “molar PA emission” is also presented with the crystal violet linear optical absorbing/linear PA emitting system being utilized as a standard reference material for OPAZ experiments. Furthermore, PA tomography experiments are presented to illustrate the enhanced PA contrast obtainable via an excited state absorption.
Hybrid iterative learning fault‐tolerant guaranteed cost control design for multi‐phase batch processes
Authors: Wang Limin , Shen Yiteng , Li Bingyun , Yu Jingxian , Zhang Ridong , Gao Furong
Published: November 2017

A robust design of a hybrid iterative learning fault‐tolerant guaranteed cost control scheme is proposed for a class of multi‐phase batch processes under faults and disturbances. Firstly, based on an equivalent two‐dimensional Fornasini‐Marchesini (2D‐FM) switched system with actuator faults varying within an allowable range, a 2D robustly hybrid controller that includes a robust hybrid extended feedback control to ensure performance over time and a hybrid iterative learning control to improve the tracking performance from cycle to cycle is formulated to guarantee the closed‐loop convergence and the H∞ performance level with a cost function bearing the upper bounds for all admissible uncertainty and actuator failures. Secondly, 2D system theory and the average dwell time strategy are adopted to derive conditions for guaranteeing exponential stability of the corresponding system in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), where the suboptimal hybrid guaranteed cost controller, which minimizes the quadratic performance index and rejects external disturbances, is designed using a convex optimization under LMI constraints. Finally, the proposed method is further verified by simulation on an injection molding process in comparison with traditional methods.
Pathfinders in oncology from the beginning of the 19th century to the inauguration of the first cancer hospital in the United States
Authors: Hajdu Steven I.
Published: November 2017

The fields of medicine and oncology made substantial progress between 1800 and 1885. The first half of this period was dominated by the spectacular progress in physiology, cytology, histology, histopathology, and diagnostic microscopy. In the second half of the period, advancements in surgical techniques, anesthesia, asepsis, and laboratory medicine, including bacteriology, chemistry, and biochemistry, led to the development of medical specialties, including surgical pathology and surgical oncology. Although wars, revolutions, and socioeconomic upheavals interrupted the daily life of the populace, distinguished artists, scientists, and physicians continued, against all odds, to advance their field of interest. Among the many eminent individuals, there were 7 renowned physicians (4 pathologists and 3 surgeons) who revolutionized medical and oncology thinking in ways that are still felt today. They were polyglots with formidable erudition, beloved teachers, and mentors, and are remembered eponymically for their contributions to oncology to this day. As a passing note, the 3 surgeons also were skillful microscopists. Cancer 2018;124:230‐41. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Tetrahydrofuran on the Solubilization and Depolymerization of Cellulose in a Biphasic System
Authors: Jiang Zhicheng , Zhao Pingping , Li Jianmei , Liu Xudong , Hu Changwei
Published: November 2017

The dissolution of cellulose from biomass is a crucial but complicated issue for maximizing the utilization of biomass resources to produce valuable chemicals, because of the extreme insolubility of cellulose. A biphasic NaCl–H2O–tetrahydrofuran (THF) system was studied, in which most of the pure microcrystalline cellulose (M‐cellulose, 96.6 % conversion at 220 °C) and that contained in actual biomass were converted. Nearly half of the O6−H⋅⋅⋅O3 intermolecular hydrogen bonds could be broken by THF in the H2O–THF co‐solvent system, whereas the cleavage of O2−H⋅⋅⋅O6 intramolecular hydrogen bonds by H2O was significantly inhibited. In the NaCl–H2O–THF system, THF could significantly promote the effects of both H2O and NaCl on the disruption of O2−H⋅⋅⋅O6 and O3−H⋅⋅⋅O5 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, respectively. In addition, THF could protect and transfer the cellulose‐derived products to the organic phase by forming hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom in THF and the hydrogen atom of C4−OH in the glucose or aldehyde group in 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can lead more NaCl to combine with the ‐OH of M‐cellulose and further disrupt hydrogen bonding in M‐cellulose, thereby improving the yield of small molecular weight products (especially HMF) and further promoting the dissolution of cellulose. As a cheap and reusable system, NaCl–H2O–THF system may be a promising approach for the dissolution and further conversion of cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass without any enzymes, ionic liquids, or conventional catalysts.
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans
Published: November 2017

Several high‐profile revelations concerning anti‐doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti‐doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug‐testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug‐testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned‐substance review evaluates literature published between October 2016 and September 2017 offering an in‐depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2017 Prohibited List.
No single driver of biodiversity: divergent responses of multiple taxa across land use types
Authors: Wood Jamie R. , Holdaway Robert J. , Orwin Kate H. , Morse Chris , Bonner Karen I. , Davis Carina , Bolstridge Nicola , Dickie Ian A.
Published: November 2017

Understanding the responses of biodiversity to different land use regimes is critical for managing biodiversity in the face of future land use change. However, there is still significant uncertainty around how consistent the responses of different taxonomic groups to land use change are. Here, we use a combination of high‐throughput environmental DNA sequencing and traditional field‐based survey methods to examine how patterns of richness and community composition correlate among four domains/kingdoms (bacteria, fungi, plants, and metazoans) and the four most‐abundant animal taxonomic groups (arachnids, Collembola, insects, and nematodes) across five different land use types (natural forest, planted forest, unimproved grassland, improved grassland, and vineyards). Richness for each taxonomic group varied between land use types, yet different taxa showed inconsistent responses to land use, and their richness was rarely correlated. This contrasted with community composition of taxonomic groups, for which there was relatively good discrimination of land use types and there was strong correlation between group responses. We found little evidence for consistent drivers of taxonomic richness, yet identified several significant drivers of community composition that were shared across many groups. Drivers of composition were not the same as the drivers of diversity, suggesting diversity and composition are independently controlled. While land use intensification has been viewed as having generally negative effects on biodiversity, our results provide evidence that different taxa respond divergently across different land uses. Further, our study demonstrates the power of high‐throughput sequencing of environmental DNA as a tool for addressing broad ecological patterns relating to landscape biodiversity.