bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Message from Editor
Authors: Keser Prof. Dr. Hafize
Published: November 2016

Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish eighth issue of International Journal of Learning and Teaching (IJLT). International Journal of Learning and Teaching is an international and multi-disciplinary journal on different aspects of education. The journal provides a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching. The papers may represent a variety of theoretical perspectives and different methodological approaches.International Journal of Learning and Teaching covers all aspects of education; trends in education, the emerging and educational settings, instructional design, learning-teaching methods and applications, instructional multimedia, new education environments, theoretical principles, assessment and evaluation and related fields. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations and review studies related with all issues on education.Attitudes of students with intellectual disability towards mathematics course, scientific contents of home products, effectiveness of world standard school, learning through a card-sorting activity, historical vignettes, laboratory approach choices, teaching traditional music, songs and activities in music book topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.Â A total number of twenty (20) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of nine (9) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.Â We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Â Prof. Dr. Hafize KeserÂ Editor â€“ in Chief
The effects of the children’s university activities to children’s views and attitudes towards scientists and scienc
Authors: EŞ Hüseyin
Published: November 2016

AbstractChildren's universities introduce science to children at early ages, and these universities are established and spreading across the world in order to popularize science and take children into these scientific activities. In this study it was aimed to determine the effects of the children's university activities to children's views and attitudes towards scientist and science. The project lasted two weeks and included 27 activities including science, mathematics, arts, and sports. The participants were 50 students from 6th grade. The data were collected through a 21 item-scale developed by Pell and Jarvis (2001), and by "The images of the scientist" scale developed by Song and Kim (1999). The results revealed that students' attitudes to science changed statistically. Also, the images of students to scientist changed positively at the end of the activities. The findings show that the children's university activities have reached its objectives. It is believed that children's universities should be expanded and supported, which may give chance children to meet science and university at early ages. Keywords: children’s university; science school; science education; image of scientist; gifted education.
Investigation of the discriminating ability of the Greek State Certificate of Language Proficiency by means of Vacor method: The case of Greek speaking and Turkish speaking students from the Muslim minority of Thrace
Authors: Anastasiadou Sofia D. , Tiliakou Chrysathi S.
Published: November 2016

The present research aims at exploring the discriminating ability of the Greek State Language Certificate known as KPG, administered in May 2012, which examined the English language at A1/A2 Levels according to the scale of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The proposition of this paper pertains to the evaluation of the examination via the Vacor technique.The main target is the accuracy of differentiation of level A1 from level A2. More specifically, the goal is to identify items which differentiate the two levels for the Greek speaking as well as for the Turkish speaking students, of the Muslim minority of Thrace. Accordingly, the suitability of items leading to the differentiation and classification of the students’ linguistic ability in English, into levels is investigated. The technique Vacor is proposed, by means of which the suitability of each item and its contribution to the candidates’ ranking into A/A2, is checked. Therefore, the method is applied in two different groups, as mentioned earlier, and the results are compared. The present study confirms the choice of Vacor technique concerning the suitability of KPG qualification for English A1/A2 of May 2012.
An attempt to reduce learning difficulties in Linear Algebra courses
Authors: Caligaris Marta Graciela , Elena Schivo María , Romiti María Rosa
Published: November 2016

In engineering careers, the study of Linear Algebra begins in the first course. Some topics included in this subject are systems of linear equations and vector spaces. Linear Algebra is very useful but can be very abstract for teaching and learning.In an attempt to reduce learning difficulties, different approaches of teaching activities supported by interactive tools were analyzed. This paper presents these tools, designed with GeoGebra for the Algebra and Analytic Geometry course at the Facultad Regional San Nicolás (FRSN), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Argentina.
Examining Pre-service Elementary Teachers’ Changing Beliefs within the Context of Mathematics Education Course
Authors: Bal Ayten Pınar
Published: November 2016

This study was done to determine the changes in belief of pre-service elementary teachers towards mathematics in mathematics education course and to address the effect of this change on gender and academic success variables. The study was designed according to the panel study model of longitudinal research method. 92 pre-services who are educating in primary school teaching department of a state university in 2013-2014 academic years formed the sample of research. As data collection tool “Mathematics Belief Scale” that was developed by Steiner (2007) and its reliability, validity and language equivalency in Turkish form that was done by Masal and Takunyacı (2012), was used. In analyzing of data paired samples t-test and for repeated measures two way ANOVA techniques were used. At the end of research, positive change was observed in beliefs of pre-service teachers towards mathematics within the process; also it was found that gender and academic success variables have no effect on beliefs of pre-services towards mathematics. Keywords: Pre-service elementary school, belief , mathematics belief scale, mathematics education
Message from Editor
Authors: Keser Prof. Dr. Hafize
Published: November 2016

Â Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish eighth volume, third issue of International Journal of Learning and Teaching .International Journal of Learning and Teaching (IJLT) is an international and multi-disciplinary which aims to provide a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations. The papers may represent a variety of theoretical perspectives and different methodological approaches. They may refer to any age level, from infants to adults and to a diversity of learning and instructional settings, from laboratory experiments to field studies. The major criteria in the review and the selection process concern the significance of the contribution to the area of learning and teaching. IJLT covers all aspects of education; trends in education, the emerging and educational settings, instructional design, learning-teaching methods and applications, instructional multimedia, new education environments, theoretical principles, assessment and evaluation and related fields.Â Pre-service science teachersâ€™ perceptions on environmental problems through word association, factors affecting studentsâ€™ drop-out, problem solving in chemistry in secondary education teacher training, learning difficulties and linguistic needs among university students and getting familiar with another historical period in a pre-school group topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.A total number of fourteen (14) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Prof. Dr. Hafize KeserEditor â€“ in Chief
Almost Like Us – Getting Familiar with another Historical Period in a Pre-school Group
Authors: Aerila Juli-Anna , Rönkkö Marja-leena , Grönman Satu
Published: November 2016

This study reports on pre-school age children becoming familiar with their hometown’s cultural history through children’s literature, personal stories, and craft products. The aim of this study is to discuss the educational value of arts-based activities and authentic learning environments from the perspective of visualizing children’s experiences. In the learning process, children create stories and craft products based on a picture book of a home museum in their town and the experience of visiting the museum. The research is in line with the curriculum of Finnish pre-schools (valid from 2016), according to which children should be offered opportunities to empathize with their immediate environment using a variety of arts-based methods as support. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Kolb’s model of experiential learning, different approaches of arts-based learning and the theory of situated learning by Lave and Wenger. The data consist of children’s oral follow-up stories and craft products. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which is a valid replicable method for making specific inferences from text to other states or properties of a source. It appears that different learning environments and arts-based, experiential activities contribute to learning in a child-centered way and may vizualize children’s thoughts and experiences, for the teacher, for the children themselves, and for other learners. The different stages of the experiential learning process proved to be beneficial to each other: The materials the children produced during the experiment could be used to activate educational discussions in pre-schools and make them more child-centered. In addition, the literature element and the authentic experience gave the children ideas for their own products..
Factor of students’ drop outin Moroccan University
Authors: SOUBHI Fatima Zahra
Published: November 2016

This study is related to the VOLUBILIS project "Moroccan and European students: a comparative approach”, which aims to identify the challenges and expectations of Moroccan students.The purpose of this research is to indicate information about the course of study and the factors of abandonment at University Hassan II of Casablanca.350 students participated in the survey. Their average age is 22 years and they have no physical or mental disability.Our results indicate that the students have big difficulties to succeed in their academic career, and they decide to drop out after a short time at the university. Keywords: Factors of abandonment, Moroccan University, academic career.
Chemistry open-ended problem solving during initial secondary education teacher training
Authors: Rodríguez-Arteche Iñigo , Martínez-Aznar M. Mercedes
Published: November 2016

We present a case study of the work with the Methodology of Problem-Solving as an Investigation (MPSI) in the context of the Spanish Master’s in Secondary Education. Here, future physics and chemistry secondary teachers had to solve some sequences of school open-ended problems, in order to promote reflection on its characteristics and favour its later use. The objectives of this research consist of describing how the problem “What might happen when a substance is heated up?” was introduced, and analysing preservice teachers’ achievement levels in the competence dimensions of the MPSI. In addition, the article justifies the suitability of the abovementioned problem to work on most of the curricular requirements about physical and chemical changes in a single problem. The results from the future teachers’ written reports can be considered as positive, and appear to be best for the “formulation of hypotheses” and worst for the “design of resolution strategies”. Moreover, these results do not seem to very much depend on the preservice teachers’ previous studies. Finally, we call for providing more inquiry-based learning opportunities to future teachers, in order to promote improvement in these scientific competencies and favour a later inclusion of the Inquiry-Based Science Education at school levels.
Message from Editor
Authors: Keser Prof. Dr. Hafize
Published: November 2016

Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish eighth volume, fourth issue of International Journal of Learning and Teaching .International Journal of Learning and Teaching (IJLT) is an international and multi-disciplinary which aims to provide a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations. The papers may represent a variety of theoretical perspectives and different methodological approaches. They may refer to any age level, from infants to adults and to a diversity of learning and instructional settings, from laboratory experiments to field studies. The major criteria in the review and the selection process concern the significance of the contribution to the area of learning and teaching. IJLT covers all aspects of education; trends in education, the emerging and educational settings, instructional design, learning-teaching methods and applications, instructional multimedia, new education environments, theoretical principles, assessment and evaluation and related fields.Creative collaborative learning, instructional approaches, academic achievement, teaching mathematics and formal and informal educational practices in Romania topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.A total number of twelve (12) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Prof. Dr. Hafize KeserEditor â€“ in Chief
Creative Collaborative Learning for Macroeconomics: C-Span Video Clips in MBA Classroom
Authors: Lorne Frank , Hlozkova Pavla
Published: November 2016

Creative collaborative learning (CCL) is attempted in a classroom environment for studying macroeconomics for a global economy where the frontier of models and theories are often shaped by decision makers in global and national institutions. The methodology is suitable for student-centered learning MBA students who must put themselves through realistic situations, asking right questions, and making decisions. Traditional top-down methodology of emphasizing model building and mathematical proofs in studying macroeconomics are not suitable at the MBA level. The proposed CCL model in this study entails the joint efforts of three groups of players—the professionals, the students, and the instructor. Constructive knowledge is acquired not by drill and memorization of definitions, but by learning from the contexts in which terminologies are pragmatically applied, utilizing critical thinking. Students in an MBA class were asked to form country-focus teams, identifying country macroeconomic indicators as well as specific issues affecting infrastructure and performance of a country. Specific video clips were searched and reviewed in C-span video library. This search and review exercise were analyzed by evaluating their effectiveness in motivating interests, learning of abstract terminologies, professional manner and articulation method, and recognizing the role of important institutions through the speaking professionals. Our research shows that if students hear a terminology from a professional in a particular field, they connect the term with an experience of listening to the person and also with a face of the person and with the institution where he/she is affiliated with.  An abstract concept becomes easier, more pragmatic, and more fun to learn beyond memorization. On that dimension, our classroom experiment achieved good success. However, CCL demands evaluations for “in-the-moment” expressions and quotations that can “elevate thinking” in a student-centered learning environment.  CCL is effective for some clips but not generally. Our research also looks into how design of learning activities can better achieve CCL. Keywords: Creative Collaborative Learning; MBA Macroeconomics; C-Span Video Clips
Impact of learning difficulties on moroccan students academic achievement
Authors: SOUBHI Fatima Zahra , LIMA Laurent , TALBI Mohammed , KNOUZI Noureddine , TOURI Bouzekri
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hearing, voice disorder, stuttering and dyslexia on the academic performance, the feeling of social rejection, self-confidence of hard science major students in universities in Morocco. 229 students belonging to the University Hassan II Mohammedia –Casablanca representing a biology college and an engineering school participated in the survey. The average age of students is 22 years and suffers no physical or mental disability. Our results indicate that these disorders are related to low self-confidence, developed the feeling of social rejection and this considered major difficulties for success in studies. The majority of students say that they encountered difficulties to continue their studies, which suggests that the disorder leads to a form of academic failure. Keywords:   Communication disorder, learning difficulties, academic performance, self- confidence
EST Reading Instructional Approaches at the Senior Secondary School Level in Yemen: A Case Study
Authors: Mohammed Lubna Ali , H.M Sidek , Saeed Murad Abdu
Published: November 2016

Recently, within the increasing implementation of the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), the Yemeni EFL secondary school curriculum has adopted the CLT approach. This qualitative exploratory case study aimed at examining whether or not the Yemeni English for Science and Technology (EST) senior secondary reading instructional implementation is a communicative-based instruction in nature as it is labelled. The data were collected from reading classroom observations and analysed in terms of student-teacher interaction pattern as well as teacher and learner roles based on  Richards’ and Rodgers’ Model (2001). The coding scheme used for coding the features of the Initiation-Response-Evaluation method (IRE) and the Communicative Reading Instructional method (CRI) was developed from previous studies. The findings showed that the traditional IRE and the teacher role as a director are extensively represented in the Yemeni EST senior secondary school reading instruction more than the CRI. This finding contradicts the communicative-label of the Yemeni English language curriculum. The findings are discussed in terms of the alignment of the curriculum communicative-label with regards to the EST senior secondary school reading classroom instructional implementation. Keywords: Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT); Initiation-Response-Evaluation Approach (IREA); Communicative Reading Instructional Approach (CRIA).
Environmental Problem Perception of 6th Grade Students
Authors: Genc Murat , Genc Tulin , Ergenc Mustafa , ERKUZ Neslihan
Published: November 2016

This study aims to examine and compare the 6th grade students’ perceptions of environmental issues through different techniques. For this purpose, we have tried to establish the students' perceptions of environmental issues by studying the pictures they drew and the written texts they wrote. In this study, which we have conducted with 62 students in two different secondary schools in Duzce Central during the 1st semester of the 2014-2015 academic year, we have employed a phenomenological pattern. The obtained data have been analysed using a content analysis method. As a result of the study, the themes of air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, visual pollution, endangerment of species, noise pollution, natural disasters, biological pollution and radioactive pollution in the students’ perceptions of environmental issues have been identified. When the themes of environmental problems, obtained through two different techniques, have been compared, it has been established that the number of themes expressed in the written texts are higher than the ones in the pictures.
Keywords: Environmental problems, students’ drawings, students’ writing
Message from Editor
Authors: Soran Prof. Dr. Haluk
Published: November 2016

Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish sixth issue of World Journal of Environmental Research. World Journal of Environmental Research welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on environmental issues. World Journal of Environmental Research is an international peer-refereed journal which publishes global research articles about all aspects of environmental areas with the aim of sharing the findings of different environmental issues to provide contributions to the scientific studies.The scope of World Journal of Environmental Research (WJER) includes major topics such as environmental agriculture, environmental biology, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, environmental health, environmental nanotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology, environmental pollution and monitoring, environmental zoology, environmental ethics and biosciences, environmental informatics, environmental biochemistry, environmental genetics, environmental botany, environmental issues related to biosciences, environmental biophysics, environmental geology.Water extraction, wind turbines manufacturing, environmental problem perception among students, science education and historical evolution of the environment in North Cyprus topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.A total number of thirteen (13) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Prof. Dr. Haluk SoranÂ  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â Editor â€“ in ChiefÂ
Neuroprotection of the Preterm Infant
Authors: Kaspar Abby , Rubarth Lori Baas
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Neuroprotection can be one of the most important aspects in the care provided to preterm infants and their families. If not done correctly, it can cause lifelong struggles to those involved. There are many simple strategies that providers and nurses can use to provide neuroprotection for the premature neonate.
Problems With Breastfeeding/Breast Milk Feeding Reported by Women Participating in a Workplace Lactation Program
Authors: Johnston Balkam Jane A.
Published: November 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study, which was part of a larger study, was to explore the problems with breastfeeding and/or breast milk expression experienced by women participating in a workplace lactation program at a large public sector employer.

Methods: A cross-sectional mailed survey approach was used. The sample (n = 128) consisted of women who had used at least one component of the lactation program in the past 3 years and who were still employed at the same organization.

Findings: Women who reported having a problem with breastfeeding during the first 2 weeks of their baby’s life or after they returned to work or if they had problems expressing milk all had a shorter mean duration of any breastfeeding/breast milk feeding. However, in this study, the mean duration of breastfeeding/breast milk feeding for all respondents was 10.4 months, and 57% of respondents were exclusively feeding breast milk for milk feedings at 6 months.

Conclusions: It is common for women to experience problems in breastfeeding during the first 2 weeks after their baby’s birth and when they return to work. There is some evidence that participation in a workplace lactation program supported a longer duration of breastfeeding in spite of problems experienced by the women. More research is needed.
Mothers’ Perspectives on Effective Assistance With Breastfeeding Problems
Authors: Mahurin-Smith Jamie
Published: November 2016

Purpose: This qualitative study investigated maternal views on effective support strategies in the face of breastfeeding difficulties.

Methods: In semistructured interviews, 15 women who had encountered breastfeeding problems reflected on their experiences.

Results: Participants reported that managing breastfeeding problems was complex and that the level of provider competence in addressing these difficulties was variable. Social media emerged as a highly prevalent source of support among women facing breastfeeding problems.

Discussion: Virtual and face-to-face support strategies are compared; implications for providers are reviewed.
An Alternative Treatment
Authors: Robertson Barbara D.
Published: November 2016

Mothers with persistent, reoccurring issues with plugged milk ducts in their breasts are usually in great amounts of pain and, therefore, at great risk for premature weaning. Why some mothers struggling with this issue seems unclear, but there is a treatment option that can offer immediate relief and perhaps a permanent resolution of these trouble areas in the breast. Using ultrasound treatment of the affected area of the breast is a highly effective, last resort treatment, but most IBCLCs do not have access to healthcare providers to refer to for this procedure. In this article, plugged duct treatments will be discussed with a focus on the specifics of using ultrasound for resolving this issue.
Documentos
Authors: McNamara Luciana
Published: November 2016

“Muchas heroínas y héroes anónimos de la sociedad venezolana, luchadores por un país más libre, más humano, más justo y feliz, se les ha intentado convertir en una especie de fábula lejana, casi inalcanzable y con el pasar del tiempo, de contornos imprecisos. De esta manera despistan, distraen, viran la atención social para mantener despejado el camino hacia el enriquecimiento “grupuscular”. Pero, una vez más, este espacio se transforma en un poderoso instrumento de evocación y transmisión de todo lo que el sistema del capital se ha empeñado en diluir durante décadas por miedo a extraviar lo que tanto anhela, por temor a perder el control de los pensamientos, las acciones y los sentimientos de la gran mayoría de los seres humanos. Este espacio es la voz que no se calla, la memoria del pueblo, la oportunidad para no olvidar que es preciso retomar ciertas luchas, reavivar reflexiones, afilar pensamientos y sacudir el polvo de indiferencias y resignaciones que, tal vez, hayan cubierto nuestros códigos de ética y nuestros valores, cualquiera sea su razón.
Presentación
Authors: Cohen Esther
Published: November 2016

Presentación.
Gótico tropical y surrealismo. La novela negra de Caliwood
Authors: Berdet Marc
Published: November 2016

En los años 1980, los cineastas colombianos Carlos Mayolo y Luis Ospina, emblemáticos del grupo de “Caliwood”, realizan películas de género bajo la bandera del “gótico tropical”, una estética fantástica que les permite criticar las relaciones de dominación coloniales y postcoloniales del Cono Sur. Antítesis de las fantasmagorías urbanas del capitalismo importado de Estados Unidos, estas fantasmagorías negras retoman el potencial subversivo de la novela negra inglesa tal y como fue reconocida por los surrealistas. Este texto explora su origen como un especie de reto lanzado en 1970 por Luis Buñuel a Álvaro Mutis, así como parte de la estética vampírica que ronda, en esos años, las historias del cinéfilo Andrés Caicedo.
Studying the Relationship between Quality of Sleep and Addiction to Internet among Students
Authors: Abolghasem Purreza , Eftekhari Mostafa , Rezania Saeed , Jafarisani Moslem , Soleimani Rahim , Khalafi Ali
Published: November 2016

Background: In recent years, Internet use has been of interest to different groups of people especially students and its charm has caused users to spend hours of their time at the computer. Studies show that growing demand for Internet technology caused significant mental health problems and reduced quality of life and unhealthy social relationships for many people. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet addictions and sleep quality as one of the components of quality of life among college students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among  students of Torbat Heydariyeh city in 2015. Data were collected by self-report. Data collection tools were internet addiction questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. P <0.05 considered statically significant.Results:  The average score of sleep disorders and addiction to the Internet was 4.690 ± 0.050 and 33.98 ± 12.05, which represents the average sleep disorders and internet addiction among students. 32.50% of students were suffering from sleep disorders and 23.9% of students had high dependence on the Internet and 2% had severe dependence. Between internet addiction and sleep disorders components, sleep quality and overall score of Pittsburgh questionnaire there was a significant positive correlation (P≤0/05).Conclusion: The results showed that excessive use of the internet is associated with reduced sleep quality and increased daytime sleepiness. Due to the increasing use of the Internet in Iran, especially among students, Familiarize users with the harms of excessive use of the Internet and promote the proper Correct culture is essential In order to promote the correct pattern of Internet use helped to reduce sleep problems in students.Keywords: addiction to Internet, sleep quality, Student.
The Negative Impact of Technology on Social Networking among Students at UTM Skudai 2016
Authors: Badrul Hakim bin Ahmad , Adilah Binti Abdullah Nur , Binti Wan Mohd Azmi Wan Faida
Published: November 2016

Recently social media network such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitters and Youtube has led to the popularity. Social media, which once act as an electronic connection between users has gained wider acceptability and usability and is also becoming probably the most important communication tools and is addictive among students especially in the higher education. There’s no denying the benefits we have gained from technological advancements, but as with all things in life moderation is key. Many students tend to use social medias against the ethics enshrines by Islamic laws therefore awareness about the dangers of excessive use of electronics will help in avoiding any undesirable issue. The negative impacts of addictive usage of social medias includes isolation, lack of social skills and bonds, obesity, depression, poor sleep habit, increase bullying, lack of privacy, lack of social and sexual boundaries, and mental and emotional disturbances. Therefore, this study examines the significant impact of social media on UTM students and to identify recommendations to overcome the negative impact. Quantitative method is applied in this research distributed to students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia where the respondents is required to rate on a likert scale basis. Questionnaire is developed to explore the participating students’ the level of social media’s usage and its negative impact. At the end of this paper, some suggestions are included to overcome the negative impact for a better use to this social networking site. The last and not least, this study will be of great benefits to the university as it has shown the dangers of uncontrolled use of these social medias by students and therefore the need to put in place measures to prevent the negative effects.Keywords : Technology, Social Medias, Impact of Social Medias, Students, UTM
The differences between historians of empire and other scholars in explaining the causes of imperial expansion
Authors: Pirdawood Hogir Hassan
Published: November 2016

This study discussed and compared the explanations of historians of empires and other scholars for imperial expansion. It provided different interpretation about the factors which caused imperialism. I basically relied on qualitative methods to gain an understanding of complicated phenomenon. It should be said that most of historians had the same opinion and they said this phenomenon lasted from 1870 to 1914 and it was different with colonialism.  I found that there was not the same opinion between historians of empire and scholars of non-empire, both sides were completely different in explaining the causes of the phenomenon. Historian of empire focused on economic, social and political factors of imperial countries in interpretation of this phenomenon, but scholars of non-empire focused on cultures, disunity, economic stagnation and underdevelopment of third world countries in explanation of imperial expansion. Keywords:  Imperialism, Nationalism, Imperial Expansion, Historian, Scholars, Causes.
Some Functional Properties of Kafirin Extracted from a- High- Tannin Sorghum Cultivar
Authors: O. Elkhalifa Abd Elmoneim , A. Ahmed Sarah , M. Ahmed Sohair
Published: November 2016

Kafirin was extracted form a whole high tannins sorghum flour (Fetarita). Different functional properties of produced protein were studied and sorghum flour was used as a control. Results showed that the extracted kafirin has a significant low loose and packed bulk densities compared to the control sorghum flour. The porosity of the control (0.374 g/ml) significantly higher than the extracted kafirin (0.196 g/ml). The Carr index for the kafirin was 20.4%, while it was 39.2% for the sorghum flour Alkaline water retention, as well as water and oil holding capacity of the extracted protein were highly significant than the control, and the results showed that kafirin was highly viscous with a water holding capacity of 2.01 ml H2O/g protein, oil holding capacity of 2.10 ml oil/g protein. There is no significant differences between the emulsifying activity of the kafirin and the control, while the kafirin had high emulsifying stability than the control by 11%. No foam capacity and stability were observed for the control, while the kafirin showed 2.75% foam capacity with no foam stability reported. Results shows that the control sorghum flour took longer time (84.9 sec) to completely be wet in cold water than the extracted kafirin (25.0 sec). SEM results of the kafirin supports the development in functional properties.Keywords: Sorghum, Kafirin, Functional properties; SEM.
A study of lipid profile Levels of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sabahelkhier Murwan Khalid , Awadllah Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Idrees Atif Saeed , Abel Rahheem Mohammed Ali Abdel-Ghaffar , Idris Mohammed Abdel Rahman
Published: November 2016

This study consists of two parts; the Part one is to evaluate the level of Blood glucose and lipid profile  among diabetic patients(121 patients) which are compared with non-diabetic subjects (60 persons)  and  part two is to correlate lipid profile with cardiovascular abnormalities among type II diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were collected from Jabir Aboeleiz Center for Diabetes (51.9±11.22 years). Sixty healthy non-diabetic subjects were chosen as controls (52.44±10.76years). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods in both groups, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated for each sample. Among diabetic patients, there is high glucose level, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (p<0.5), while low level of HDL cholesterol was observed when compared to non-diabetic subjects. No statistically variation was found in the level of glucose and lipid profile between male and female diabetic patients. In our study, we have found that serum lipid - cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein - levels were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to cardiovascular abnormalities, while HDL had shown a statistically non-significant correlation (p>0.05). The study concluded that higher level of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic subjects with lower level of serum HDL-cholesterol in diabetic patient compared to non- diabetic subjects.Keywords: Diabetic, Insulin, Mellitus and lipid.
The role of blood pressures in patients with a headache
Authors: Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Khazaei Mojtaba , Sayad Arezou , Zebarjadi Bagherpour Javad , Taheri Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Background: A headache is the most common cause of patients referred to the doctor. About 40 percent of people are suffering from a headache for at least once a year. Due to it's the high prevalence and its association with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension was considered as a  health problem in industrialized and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of blood pressure in patients with a headache referred to the neurological clinic during  2014-2015 in Hamadan.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate patients with a headache referred to the neurological clinic. Exclusion criteria included: a headache with a specific cause (a migraine, stroke, chronic daily headache, kidney disease, Diabetes Mellitus, history of heart disease or use of cigarette. The data were entered into the list and then were analyzed by SPSS software through paired T-test and chi-square test.Results: In this study, the 100 patients with a headache (78% females and 22% males) were investigated. The average age of patients was 60.07±13.175 years. The prevalence of stage 1 & 2 hypertension was 85%, and prehypertension prevalence of 7% was reported. Most of the headaches were in the frontal (33 %). Furthermore, the most headaches occur in varied time (70%). There wasn’t a significant correlation between age (P-value=0.698), gender (P-value=0.952), headache and blood pressure.Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study indicated that there was not any significant correlation between a headache and blood pressure, and the prevalence of blood pressure in the patients with a headache was similar to those who do not have headaches.Keywords: Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Headache
Teorias distributivas e a desigualdade no Brasil
Authors: Avila Róber Iturriet , Conceição João Batista Santos
Published: November 2016

Esse artigo resgata o debate teórico acerca da distribuição, o qual está disperso na literatura econômica. Adicionalmente, averigua as mudanças recentes na distribuição pessoal da renda no Brasil desde 1995, a partir da segmentação por decis, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). O trabalho se baseia também em dados das declarações de imposto de renda divulgados pela Receita Federal do Brasil. Com base nos argumentos teóricos que sustentam que o sistema tributário tem capacidade de alterar desigualdades distributivas, o artigo expõe uma comparação da estruturação tributária brasileira com países selecionados.
Desigualdades educacionais no ensino fundamental de 2005 a 2013: hiato entre grupos sociais
Authors: Alves Maria Teresa Gonzaga , Soares José Francisco , Xavier Flavia Pereira
Published: November 2016

Esse artigo descreve as desigualdades de aprendizado entre grupos de alunos definidos pelo sexo, cor e nível socioeconômico, com base nos dados da Prova Brasil de 2005 a 2013. As desigualdades encontradas indicam que a análise de um sistema educacional deve considerar tanto sua qualidade como sua equidade, esta aferida por medidas de desigualdade. Nos municípios brasileiros, as medidas de desigualdade foram analisadas ajustando-se modelos hierárquicos lineares. Apresentam-se apenas os resultados das capitais dos estados, municípios com resultados de qualidade abaixo do esperado dadas as suas condições socioeconômicas, mas com comportamentos diferentes nas medidas de desigualdades. Onde houve melhoria na qualidade, não houve redução das desigualdades. A melhoria das médias de proficiências tem funcionado como um círculo virtuoso apenas para os grupos sociais mais favorecidos.
Variações nos percursos de vida de jovens de mesma origem social: sequências, eventos e pontos de virada
Authors: Pereira Ricardo Bernardes
Published: November 2016

Como jovens de mesma origem social seguem percursos de vida distintos? A partir de vinte entrevistas narrativas, mostro como sequências de eventos, contingências, trajetórias e pontos de virada são elementos centrais para a compreensão dos processos pelos quais trajetórias parciais e potenciais variam entre jovens de mesma origem social. Os resultados mostram que os percursos de vida dos jovens não são totalmente determinados a partir das características individuais e das disposições. Os eventos vivenciados ao longo das trajetórias podem alterar os percursos de modo a criar novas oportunidades ou barreiras.
Maternidade e trabalho: algumas reflexões sobre mulheres em ocupações de nível superior
Authors: Jr. Cláudio Santiago Dias , Verona Ana Paula
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar como mulheres em ocupação de nível superior conciliam trabalho fora do ambiente doméstico e maternidade, ao longo de suas vidas e carreiras. A hipótese principal sugere que determinadas características das ocupações das mulheres podem demandar diferentes estratégias em relação ao momento e à quantidade de filhos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres de trinta anos e mais de idade, em ocupações de nível superior, residentes em Belo Horizonte (MG) em 2011. Os resultados apresentam diferentes trajetórias e estratégias encontradas pelas mulheres, apontam a dificuldade em conciliar trabalho e maternidade e revelam sonhos,  desejos e angústias.
A outra face da desigualdade: a articulação das elites no campo da filantropia e investimento social privado
Authors: Silva Patricia Kunrath
Published: November 2016

O que está em jogo para as elites econômicas e políticas transnacionais quando se fala em filantropia e investimento social privado? Como esses atores desenvolvem suas práticas e discursos filantrópicos? Como se inserem em uma rede transnacional de elites filantrópicas? Essas são algumas das questões deste estudo, realizado por meio de observação participante em eventos e entrevistas em profundidade com filantropos, investidores sociais e experts na área. Foi possível analisar indivíduos e organizações que buscam desenvolver no Brasil o que norte-americanos têm chamado de filantrocapitalismo ou filantropia centrada na lógica de mercado, por um lado, e a filantropia progressista ou de justiça social, por outro. No cenário nacional, recorrendo à formação histórica do Estado patrimonial e a centralidade do financiamento público, proponho o termo filantroestatismo. Por meio destas estratégias, a elite desenvolve práticas de governança e projetos que impactam os setores mais pobres da população, mas que ainda pouco ou nada fazem pela redução da concentração de renda e desigualdade social no país.
Dimensões sociais das desigualdades urbanas: moradias da pobreza, segregação e alteridade em São Paulo
Authors: Véras Maura Pardini Bicudo
Published: November 2016

O objetivo do trabalho é resgatar, ao longo de nossa trajetória de pesquisa sobre a questão habitacional, a produção do “outro” em diversas situações de vivência na cidade de São Paulo, onde se visualizam acentuadas desigualdades, segregação socioespacial e discriminação. A cidade concentra questões emblemáticas no estudo das cartografias sociais, no reconhecimento das diferenças e da cidadania territorial. A análise da luta pelo espaço urbano permite revelar a combinação de aspectos sociais, econômicos, étnicos, àqueles profundos e subjetivos como língua, valores, matizes culturais. A alteridade se manifesta de diferentes formas, em vasta gama de situações urbana
Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar
Authors: Hu Xikun , Jin Tian
Published: November 2016

The radar sensor described realizes healthcare monitoring capable of detecting subject chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and wirelessly estimating the respiration and heartbeat rates of the subject without attaching any devices to the body. Conventional single-tone Doppler radar can only capture Doppler signatures because of a lack of bandwidth information with noncontact sensors. In contrast, we take full advantage of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to achieve low power consumption and convenient portability, with a flexible detection range and desirable accuracy. A noise reduction method based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a vital sign separation method based on the continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are proposed jointly to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to acquire accurate respiration and heartbeat rates. Experimental results illustrate that respiration and heartbeat signals can be extracted accurately under different conditions. This noncontact healthcare sensor system proves the commercial feasibility and considerable accessibility of using compact IR-UWB radar for emerging biomedical applications.
Dark Matter and Its Relationship with Gravity, Electromagnetism and the Two Nuclear Forces
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: November 2016

In a search for a solution of the galaxy rotation problem, a novel view on cosmological gravity is developed. In this view, the origin of gravity is traced back to the basic nuclear field of energy, spread by quarks as elementary pointlike sources. This gives a common basis for gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. After a review on gravimagnetism and the causality problem of gravity, a hypothetical concept for the gravity field is proposed, which solves the rotation problem without the need to accept dark matter as the deus ex machina.