bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Overdose Fatality Review Team Recommendations for Overdose Death Prevention
Authors: Haas Erin , Truong Christine , Bartolomei-Hill Laura , Baier Michael , Bazron Barbara , Rebbert-Franklin Kathleen
Published: September 2018

This study compiled and detailed recommendations from Maryland Local Overdose Fatality Review Teams (LOFRTs) to provide state and local health departments with innovative strategies to address the worsening opioid epidemic and overdose-related deaths. LOFRTs consist of jurisdictional multiagency, multidisciplinary teams that share data to critically examine drug overdose cases. Goals include identification of risk factors and intervention opportunities to inform overdose prevention programs and policy. The authors qualitatively analyzed reports from Maryland LOFRTs case reviews to categorize outcomes and assess using frequency analyses. A total of 9 macro-level categories emerged from the review of approximately 361 recommendations from LOFRTs. Most recommendations related to Prevention Education, Integrated Care, and Harm Reduction strategies. Overdose fatality review is an effective means of understanding the opioid epidemic, strengthening coordinated interventions, and informing local and state health department overdose prevention strategic planning. Teams have a unique vantage point from which to view systems-level gaps and policy issues because of their collaborative nature and the quality of data provided by agencies that directly served decedents.
Three-Year Results of the Absorb Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in Infrapopliteal Arteries
Authors: Varcoe Ramon L. , Thomas Shannon D. , Lennox Andrew F.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To investigate the midterm performance of the everolimus-eluting Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) for the treatment of symptomatic infrapopliteal atherosclerotic disease. Methods: A single-center study prospectively enrolled 48 symptomatic patients (mean age 82.1±8.0 years; 27 men) between September 2013 and February 2018 to evaluate the Absorb everolimus-eluting BVS system in distal popliteal and tibial lesions. Mean lesion length was 20.1±10.8 mm. Following predilation, up to 2 BVS were implanted in target lesions in 55 limbs. Clinical and duplex ultrasound follow-up was performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months to determine 30-day morbidity and midterm Kaplan-Meier estimates of binary restenosis, clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), amputation, and mortality. Results: Seventy-one scaffolds were implanted to treat 61 lesions. Technical success was achieved in all patients, with no amputation, death, or target limb bypass surgery within 30 days of the index procedure. There was 1 early thrombotic occlusion of 2 BVS in a previously anticoagulated patient not given antiplatelet medication after the procedure. During a mean follow-up of 24.0±15.3 months, 11 (23%) patients died; the remaining 37 were available for follow-up. Binary restenosis (50%–75%) was detected in 6 (8%) scaffolds. Primary patency estimates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 92.2%, 90.3%, and 81.1%; freedom from CD-TLR estimates were 97.2%, 97.2%, and 87.3% at the same time points. No late scaffold thrombosis has been observed. The majority of the 55 limbs (51, 93%) were clinically improved; 4 (7%) were unchanged. Thirty-six (92%) of 39 limbs treated for tissue loss achieved complete wound healing, with no major amputation (limb salvage 100%). Conclusion: Midterm follow-up demonstrates excellent safety, patency, and freedom from CD-TLR rates using the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold below the knee.
The New Paradigm for Understanding, Teaching, and Testing Sonographic Principles
Authors: Kremkau Frederick W.
Published: September 2018

Two alternative fundamental principles of operation are present in the array of sonographic equipment commercially available currently. Principle 1 has been the operating principle for over 50 years. Recently, Principle 2 has appeared. In Principle 1, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the echo stream from an emitted ultrasound pulse and its displayed scan line, ie, physical beam-forming is directly coupled with displayed scan lines. In Principle 2, fewer pulses are required and focusing is not necessary, and yet the entire image is in focus (ie, excellent detail resolution) and with higher frame rates (improved temporal resolution). This “virtual beam-forming” is accomplished through massive, parallel, high-speed computational postprocessing. The resulting images are similar to what extremely thin, laser-like physical ultrasound beams would produce. However, such beams cannot be physically produced in the frequency range required for imaging depths appropriate for human anatomic imaging. Virtual beam-forming significantly improves nearly every aspect of sonographic, anatomic imaging and Doppler motion detection and presentation.
Integrative CNS Plasticity With Exercise in MS: The PRIMERS (PRocessing, Integration of Multisensory Exercise-Related Stimuli) Conceptual Framework
Authors: Sandroff Brian M. , Motl Robert W. , Reed William R. , Barbey Aron K. , Benedict Ralph H. B. , DeLuca John
Published: September 2018

There is a proliferation of research examining the effects of exercise on mobility and cognition in the general population and those with neurological disorders as well as focal research examining possible neural mechanisms of such effects. However, there is seemingly a lack of focus on what it is about exercise, in particular, that drives adaptive central nervous system neuroplasticity. We propose a novel conceptual framework (ie, PRIMERS) that describes such adaptations as occurring via activity-dependent neuroplasticity based on the integrative processing of multisensory input and associated complex motor output that is required for the regulation of physiological systems during exercise behavior. This conceptual framework sets the stage for the systematic examination of the effects of exercise on brain connectivity, brain structure, and molecular/cellular mechanisms that explain improvements in mobility and cognition in the general population and persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). We argue that exercise can be viewed as an integrative, systems-wide stimulus for neurorehabilitation because impaired mobility and cognition are common and co-occurring in MS.
Insights From Pupil Size to Mental Workload of Surgical Residents: Feasibility of an Educational Computer-Based Surgical Simulation Environment (ECE) Considering the Hand Condition
Authors: Menekse Dalveren Gonca Gokce , Cagiltay Nergiz Ercil , Ozcelik Erol , Maras Hakan
Published: September 2018

The advantage of simulation environments is that they present various insights into real situations, where experimental research opportunities are very limited—for example, in endoscopic surgery. These operations require simultaneous use of both hands. For this reason, surgical residents need to develop several motor skills, such as eye-hand coordination and left-right hand coordination. While performing these tasks, the hand condition (dominant, nondominant, both hands) creates different degrees of mental workload, which can be assessed through mental physiological measures—namely, pupil size. Studies show that pupil size grows in direct proportion to mental workload. However, in the literature, there are very limited studies exploring this workload through the pupil sizes of the surgical residents under different hand conditions. Therefore, in this study, we present a computer-based simulation of a surgical task using eye-tracking technology to better understand the influence of the hand condition on the performance of skill-based surgical tasks in a computer-based simulated environment. The results show that under the both-hand condition, the pupil size of the surgical residents is larger than the one under the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. This indicates that when the computer-simulated surgical task is performed with both hands, it is considered more difficult than in the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. In conclusion, this study shows that pupil size measurements are sufficiently feasible to estimate the mental workload of the participants while performing surgical tasks. The results of this study can be used as a guide by instructional system designers of skill-based training programs.
What Is Lifestyle Medicine?
Authors: Guthrie George E.
Published: September 2018

Lifestyle Medicine is still being defined. The ACLM is making significant progress in defining it within the house of medicine. The new American and International Boards of Lifestyle Medicine go a long way in identifying the clinical parameters for this new specialty. The board review course defines the academic corpus in a clear way. Now that Lifestyle Medicine has clear borders it needs to be spread throughout the cultures of the world. People in all walks of life and levels of responsibility need to hear stories of individuals and communities that have their health improved by following the principles of Lietyle Medicine.
Mechanical thrombectomy utilising a collateral pathway in a patient with dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Tsukano Jun , Kurabe Satoshi , Sugai Tsutomu , Wada Manabu , Kumagai Takashi
Published: September 2018

We describe a case of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in a patient with ipsilateral internal carotid artery dysgenesis successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy utilising a collateral pathway. During the procedure, a triaxial system using a balloon guiding catheter, flexible large lumen aspiration catheter and stent retriever was advanced from the left vertebral artery to the occluded left middle cerebral artery through the left posterior communicating artery. Because proximal aspiration from the balloon guiding catheter alone might have insufficient suction force due to the retrograde blood flow from large vascular communications (e.g. vertebral artery union), the tip of the flexible large lumen aspiration catheter was set at the proximal left middle cerebral artery, and distal aspiration was added during stent retrieval. A thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b result was achieved after the first pass. In this case, identification of carotid canal hypoplasia on computed tomography allowed for an immediate attempt of this alternative approach, avoiding a delay in the time to reperfusion.
Degradation assessment for the ball screw with variational autoencoder and kernel density estimation
Authors: Wen Juan , Gao Hongli
Published: September 2018

The ball screw is an important component of machine tools, and its degradation assessment is therefore critical for the health management of the entire machine tool. Generally, the degradation assessment includes health indicator construction and degradation modeling. However, the health indicator is often constructed manually with prior knowledge, and its sensitivity can be affected by various factors. In addition, most existing degradation models rely on a large amount of failure data, which is not practical for the ball screw due to its high reliability. To solve these problems, this article presents a novel ball screw performance evaluation method. First, the raw data collected in the normal status are used to train the variational autoencoder, and then, the online raw signals are input into the learned variational autoencoder to construct health indicators. After that, the kernel density estimation is utilized to estimate the probability distribution of health indicator points in a dynamic sliding window, and then, the deterioration can be evaluated by summarizing the probability distribution that exceeds a predefined threshold. Experimental results show that the presented methodology can establish the health indicator automatically and adaptively. Also, it can evaluate the ball screw performance effectively and quantitatively when only data in healthy state are available.
RELIEF: A practical primary care approach to chronic pain
Authors: Sajid Imran
Published: September 2018

Doctors typically receive very little training dedicated to the management of chronic pain. A practical approach to assist clinicians when assessing and managing patients with chronic pain is proposed using the RELIEF mnemonic. This approach is designed to particularly consider pain of musculoskeletal origin. It aims to avoid iatrogenic harm and to improve prescribing, investigation and referral. It also seeks to encourage effective and safer care for a challenging, often long-term illness, which is a significant burden to public health.
A Study of Relationships Between Content in Documents From Health Service Operational Plans and Documents From the Planning of New Healthcare Environments
Authors: Elf Marie , Lindahl Göran , Anåker Anna
Published: September 2018

Aim:

The aim was to investigate the content and quality of the governing documents created in the planning and design phase of new healthcare environments and in the related healthcare strategic and operational plans.

Background:

Quality deficits in buildings can often be traced back to the initial stages in the planning and design phase. Although large investments have been made to improve the process of planning new healthcare environments and linking the requirements to health service strategies, healthcare organizations rarely relate their strategy goals to the built environment.

Method:

A retrospective review of documents created in the planning and design stages of new healthcare environments and the operational plans of the target organizations was conducted.

Results:

The organizational operational plans did not contain any statements or information about the built environment or how a building could or should support the organization’s goals. Important information was frequently absent from the documents governing the planning and design of buildings. The documents lacked information about what and how to follow-up and what to measure once a construction project had been completed. There were no references to evidence.

Conclusions:

Poor documentation might undermine the quality of the planning and design phase and ultimately the opportunity to create environments that support health outcomes. Therefore, more emphasis must be placed on the importance of documentation but above all to strengthen and clarify the relationship between the healthcare organization strategy to achieve an effective and efficient care process and the intention made in the planning and design process.
Utilization of neonatal medication error prevention strategies: a clinical practice survey of Australian and New Zealand neonatal units
Authors: Matti Nadine , Nguyen Minh-Nha R. , Mosel Cassandra , Grzeskowiak Luke E.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Medication errors are common in neonatal care and can lead to significant harm. We sought to explore utilization of various medication error prevention strategies across Australian and New Zealand neonatal units (NNUs) through a clinical practice survey.

Methods:

An electronic survey was distributed in October 2016 to relevant staff at each of the 29 level III NNUs identified as members of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN). The survey contained questions relating to a range of medication error prevention strategies identified from a previous systematic review on the topic. The evaluated interventions targeted different aspects of the medication-use process including prescribing, evaluation/checking of orders by clinical pharmacists, transmission, preparation and dispensing of orders, storage of medications, and medication administration.

Results:

From the 20 respondents, the evidence-based strategies most commonly utilized were use of smart pumps ( n = 18; 90%), and ward-based clinical pharmacists ( n = 17; 85%). Interventions least commonly utilized included barcode scanning with medication administration ( n = 0; 0%), electronic prescribing and clinical decision support ( n = 1; 5%), and dedicated medication administration nurse ( n = 2; 10%). The total number of evidence-based medication error prevention strategies utilized in each NNU ranged from 2 to 10 (median = 7), 10 of 16 strategies were utilized by less than 50% of NNUs.

Conclusion:

While evidence supports utilization of a number of medication error prevention strategies, these appear inconsistently utilized across current practice settings.
Friendly fire? Negative campaigning among coalition partners
Authors: Haselmayer Martin , Jenny Marcelo
Published: September 2018

In democracies with multi-party competition, government parties face a dual challenge in election campaigns: on the one hand, they have to compete against and criticize their coalition partners. On the other hand, they should avoid virulent attacks on their partners to preserve their chances of future collaboration in government. Going beyond a dichotomous operationalization of negative campaigning, this manuscript analyses the tonality and volume of negative campaigning. Studying 3030 party press releases in four national Austrian election campaigns, different patterns for the tonality and frequency of negative campaigning reflect the electoral dilemma of government parties. Coalition parties criticize each other abundantly but refrain from ‘burning bridges’ with their partners through virulent attacks. These findings have implications for studying negative campaigning and coalition politics.
Exploring Incongruence in Mentoring Dyads in Indian Firms: The Protégé Perspective
Authors: Kumar Payal
Published: September 2018

This study seeks to explore whether the negative mentoring experiences (NMEs) of protégés in Western samples are generalizable, or whether there are possibly NMEs unique to the Indian cultural context. The finding of this exploratory study suggests that the most frequently occurring NME for protégés was mismatch in the membership of social group, as per regional, caste or religious orientation. While Western mentoring models are being practised widely in corporate workplaces in India, the process of enculturation and feeling of belonging to an India-specific social group is strong enough to negatively impact mentoring relationships such that these protégés perceive themselves to be “out-group” members. Managers may consider pairing mentors and protégés taking into consideration demographic profiling.
Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts
Authors: Contreras Zuelma A. , Chen Zhanghua , Roumeliotaki Theano , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Baïz Nour , von Berg Andrea , Bergström Anna , Crozier Sarah , Duijts Liesbeth , Ekström Sandra , Eller Esben , Fantini Maria P. , Kjaer Henrik Fomsgaard , Forastiere Francesco , Gerhard Beatrix , Gori Davide , Harskamp-van Ginkel Margreet W. , Heinrich Joachim , Iñiguez Carmen , Inskip Hazel , Keil Thomas , Kogevinas Manolis , Lau Susanne , Lehmann Irina , Maier Dieter , van Meel Evelien R. , Mommers Monique , Murcia Mario , Porta Daniela , Smit Henriëtte A. , Standl Marie , Stratakis Nikos , Sunyer Jordi , Thijs Carel , Torrent Maties , Vrijkotte Tanja G.M. , Wijga Alet H. , Berhane Kiros , Gilliland Frank , Chatzi Leda
Published: September 2018

The parallel epidemics of childhood asthma and obesity over the past few decades have spurred research into obesity as a risk factor for asthma. However, little is known regarding the role of asthma in obesity incidence. We examined whether early-onset asthma and related phenotypes are associated with the risk of developing obesity in childhood.

This study includes 21 130 children born from 1990 to 2008 in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We followed non-obese children at 3–4 years of age for incident obesity up to 8 years of age. Physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis were assessed up to 3–4 years of age.

Children with physician-diagnosed asthma had a higher risk for incident obesity than those without asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66, 95% CI 1.18–2.33). Children with active asthma (wheeze in the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed asthma) exhibited a higher risk for obesity (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31–3.00) than those without wheeze and asthma. Persistent wheezing was associated with increased risk for incident obesity compared to never wheezers (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.09).

Early-onset asthma and wheezing may contribute to an increased risk of developing obesity in later childhood.
Validation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in Spanish medical students who participated in an Early Clerkship Immersion programme
Authors: Blanco José M. , Caballero Fernando , García Fernando J. , Lorenzo Fernando , Monge Diana
Published: September 2018

Background

The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy is the most widely used instrument to measure empathy in the doctor-patient relationship. This work pursued cultural adaptation and validation of the original scale, in its health professions version (JSE-HP), for medical students who participate in an Early Clerkship Immersion Programme of a Spanish university.

Methods

The questionnaire was replied by 506 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th year medical students from Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, in 2014 and 2016. Internal consistency was analysed by means of Cronbach’s alpha, and reliability by means of test-retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman method. The construct validity was checked by means of confirmatory factor analysis and association with other empathy-related variables. Criterion validity was compared using Davis’ Interpersonal Reactivity Index.

Results

Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82 (range 0.80–0.85). Item-total score correlations were positive and significant (median 0.45, p <  0.01). The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68 (0.42–0.82). The factor analysis confirmed the three original factors: “perspective taking”, “compassionate care” and “standing in the patient’s shoes”. Women and students who preferred specialities focused on persons obtained the best scores. The JSE-HP scores were positively correlated with Interpersonal Reactivity Index, personality traits were associated with empathy, clinical interview skills and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations.

Conclusion

The results support the validity and reliability of JSE-HP applied to Spanish medical students.
Rab11a-Rab8a cascade regulate the formation of tunneling nanotubes through vesicle recycling
Authors: Zhu Seng , Bhat Shaarvari , Syan Sylvie , Kuchitsu Yoshihiko , Fukuda Mitsunori , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: September 2018

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-enriched membranous channels enabling cells to communicate over long distances. TNT-like structures form between various cell types and mediate the exchange of different cargos, such as ions, vesicles, organelles, and pathogens. Thus, they may play a role in physiological conditions and diseases (e.g., cancer and infection). TNTs also allow the intercellular passage of protein aggregates related to neurodegenerative diseases, thus propagating protein misfolding. Understanding the mechanism of TNT formation is mandatory to reveal the mechanism of disease propagation and to uncover their physiological function. Vesicular transport controlled by the small GTPases Rab11a and Rab8a can promote the formation of different plasma membrane protrusions (filopodia, cilia, and neurites). Here we report that inhibiting membrane recycling reduces the number of TNT-connected cells, while overexpression of Rab11a and Rab8a increases the number of TNT-connected cells and the propagation of vesicles between cells in co-culture. We demonstrate that these two Rab GTPases act in a cascade where Rab11a activation of Rab8a is independent of Rabin8, and we show that VAMP3 acts downstream of Rab8a to regulate TNT formation.
Allocating Emergency Beds Improves the Emergency Admission Flow
Authors: Thomas Schneider A. J. , Luuk Besselink P. , Zonderland Maartje E. , Boucherie Richard J. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Kievit Job , Bilars Paul , Fogteloo A. Jaap , Rabelink Ton J.
Published: September 2018

The increasing number of admissions to hospital emergency departments (EDs) during the past decade has resulted in overcrowded EDs and decreased quality of care. The emergency admission flow that we discuss in this study relates to three types of hospital departments: EDs, acute medical unit (AMUs), and inpatient wards. This study has two objectives: (1) to evaluate the impact of allocating beds in inpatient wards to accommodate emergency admissions and (2) to analyze the impact of pooling the number of beds allocated for emergency admissions in inpatient wards. To analyze the impact of various allocations of emergency beds, we developed a discrete event simulation model. We evaluate the bed allocation scenarios using three performance indicators: (1) the length of stay in the AMU, (2) the fraction of patients refused admission, and (3) the utilization of allocated beds. We develop two heuristics to allocate beds to wards and show that pooling beds improves performance. The partnering hospital has embedded a decision support tool based on the simulation model into its planning and control cycle. The hospital uses it every quarter and updates it with data on a 1-year rolling horizon. This strategy has substantially reduced the number of patients who are refused emergency admission.
A política externa brasileira, as coalizões de poder e a Unasul: ascensão e desconstrução da América do Sul como bloco geopolítico | Brazilian foreign policy, the coalitions of power and UNASUR: rise and deconstruction of South America as a geopolitical blocA política externa brasileira, as coalizões de poder e a Unasul: ascensão e desconstrução da América do Sul como bloco geopolítico | Brazilian foreign policy, the coalitions of power and UNASUR: rise and deconstruction of South America as a geopolitical bloc
Authors: Nery Tiago
Published: September 2018

O ciclo de governos progressistas no Brasil, que começou com a eleição de Lula em 2002 e terminou com a derrubada de Dilma Rousseff em 2016, foi responsável por uma política externa autônoma que procurou reposicionar o país e a América do Sul no sistema internacional. Os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) lideraram uma coalizão produtivista heterogênea formada por frações da burguesia industrial e setores das classes trabalhadoras. Lula teve um papel importante na criação da Unasul, que constitui a dimensão política do regionalismo sul-americano. A ruptura da ordem democrática levou ao poder uma coalizão conservadora que reunificou as elites empresariais e alterou a orientação da política externa. A coalizão liderada pelo MDB-PSDB tem adotado uma política externa que subordinou o Brasil à potência hegemônica e vem contribuindo para a paralisia e a desconstrução da Unasul enquanto bloco geopolítico.ABSTRACTThe cycle of progressive governments in Brazil, which begun with Lula’s election in 2002 and ended with the overthrow of Dilma Rousseff in 2016, was responsible for an autonomous foreign policy that sought to reposition the country and South America in the international system. The Workers Party’s (PT) governments led a heterogeneous productivist coalition made up of fractions of the industrial bourgeoisie and sectors of the working classes. Lula played an important role in the creation of Unasur, which is the political dimension of South American regionalism. The rupture of the democratic order brought to power a conservative coalition that reunified the business elites and changed the orientation of foreign policy. The coalition led by MDB-PSDB has adopted a foreign policy that subordinated Brazil to the hegemonic power and has contributed to the paralysis and the deconstruction of Unasur as a geopolitical bloc.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; coalizões políticas; UnasulKeywords: Brazilian foreign policy; political coalitions; UnasurRecebido em 6 de Julho de 2018 | Received on July 6, 2018Aceito em 6 de Setembro de 2018 | Accepted on September 6, 2018
Increasing productivity with smartphone digital imagery wound measurements and analysis
Authors: Nair Harikrishna K.R.
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The primary aim was to determine the productivity increase using digital imagery for better documentation and analysis. A case series was done in a specialised care centre with patients managed with advanced dressings and using state-of-the-art smartphone technology for documentation to save costs and time.

Method:

Wounds were cleansed and debrided before using the application to photograph, document, measure and analyse the wounds. The smartphone app was oriented parallel to the plane of the wound, where possible, to obtain accurate measurements. A longitudinal study report was generated for each wound and showed the progress of the wound healing until the wound was closed.

Results:

A sample size of 60 patients consisting of wounds from different locations, and a total of 203 measurements and analyses were conducted over a period of seven months. The wound monitoring app proved to be effective for wound monitoring and required less than two hours' training. A report summary of wounds recorded could also be generated automatically through the dashboard. All 60 patients' cases were automatically recorded, measured and presented into reports for use in clinical analysis. There was a significant time savings (27 hours per day for a specialised care centre with 10 nurses) increase over manual wound documentation and measuring methods.

Conclusion:

The app provided a non-contact, easy to use, reliable and accurate smart wound management solution for clinicians and physicians to track wound healing in patients. The app could also be used by patients and caregivers for home monitoring of their wounds.
Nano-colloidal silver and chitosan bioactive wound dressings in managing diabetic foot ulcers: case series
Authors: Nair Harikrishna K.R.
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To study the effectiveness of nano-colloidal silver and chitosan bioactive wound dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Method:

Patients with DFUs were selected randomly. Wound size, appearance and presence of infection were recorded at each dressing change.

Results:

We assessed five patients in this case series. The use of both nano-colloidal silver and chitosan biopolymer dressings aided wound healing. The patients did not require surgical debridement or amputation. All five cases in this study had a slow healing rate at presentation.

Conclusion:

Applications of nano-colloidal silver in conjunction with chitosan bioactive as primary dressings in managing DFUs cases are safe and help increase wound healing rates, thus, leading to significant cost savings in the hospital setting.
Establishing the quantitative relationship between diffuse speckle contrast analysis signals with absolute blood flow
Authors: Liu Jialin , Wang Haiyang , Wang Peipei , Jin Zhiliang , Li Weimin , Zhang Hongchao , Shen Zhonghua , Xiong Daxi
Published: September 2018

Diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) measures blood flow in deep tissues by taking advantage of the sensitivity of the speckle contrast signal to red blood cells (RBCs) motions. However, there has yet to be presented a clearly defined relationship between the absolute blood flow BFabs and the measured speckle contrast signal. Here, we derive an expression of linear approximation function for speckle contrast, taking into account both shear-induced diffusive and correlated advective RBCs motions in the vessels. We provide a linear relationship between the slope kslope of this linear function and BFabs. The feasibility of this relationship is validated by Monte Carlo simulations of heterogeneous tissue with varying vessel radii. Furthermore, based on this quantitative relationship, we can determine the relative contributions of diffusive RBCs motion on the reduction of speckle contrast, considering different vascular morphology and flow profiles.
LIVING HADIS: GENEALOGI, TEORI, DAN APLIKASI
Authors: Qudsy Saifuddin Zuhri
Published: September 2018

Within a decade, the study of Living Qur’an and Living Hadithand has flourished in Indonesia. Number of research about phenomena of either practices of rituals has been done. This article, departs from that fact, endeavors to explore model of living hadith, from its genealogical presence, theories that have been applied, up to technic which used into various kinds of research.
ANALISIS TINDAKAN SOSIAL MAX WEBER DALAM TRADISI PEMBACAAN KITAB MUKHTASHAR AL-BUKHARI (Studi Living Hadis)
Authors: Muhlis Alis , Norkholis Norkholis
Published: September 2018

The tradition of reading the book of Mukhtashar Al-Bukhari is one of the welcoming traditions to the holy month Ramadan, conducted every month per year at Islamic Boarding School At-Taqwa Yogyakarta. The tradition is fully practiced on Rajab, a month before Ramadhan at lunar based calendar. This research utilizes four types of Max Weber’s social action theory, those are traditional action, affective action, instrumental rationality, and value rationality. The result found that: first, according to the traditional action, the people are willing to preserve the tradition which has been inherently practiced. Second, the affective action shows that the people are emotionallyboundedto the ulama’ figures (salafu as-shalih) and the timing (Rajab). Third, instrumental rationally the pointed out that people at At-Taqwa are capable of practicing the tradition due to the capacity on both human resource and finance. Fourth, on value rationality they are encouraged to achieve barokah by following and preserving the tradition of salafus shalih.
HADIS DAN SIRAH DALAM LITERATUR SEJARAWA
Authors: Fatihunnada Fatihunnada
Published: September 2018

Artikel ini mencoba mengkaji pandangan sejarawan Nusantara terhadap sejarah dan hadis dalam ranah ilmu sejarah. Berbincang sejarah Islam, pasti tidak akan bisa dilepaskan dari sosok nabi Muhammad yang menjadi tokoh utama. Oleh karena itu, peran hadis sangat penting dalam mengungkap beberapa fakta sejarah Islam terkait sosok nabi. Ahmed Faruqi menegaskan bahwa peran hadis dalam membangun pondasi awal historiografi Islam adalah sebagai referensi utama. Selanjutnya, yang menjadi daya tarik artikel ini adalah pandangan sejarawan Nusantara tentang hubungan hadis dan sejarah Islam serta pola kritik yang dipakai untuk merekonstruksi sejarah Islam. Selanjutnya artikel ini juga menyoroti hubungan hadis dengan sejarah Islam dalam pandangan sejarawan Nusantara.Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menitikberatkan pada pemahaman data-data dan menganalisanya untuk menemukan cara pandang beberapa tokoh. Artikel ini fokus mengkaji dua karya sejarawan Nusantara: pertama, Historiografi Islam karya Badri Yatim; dan kedua, Historiografi Islam Modern karya Azyumardi Azra.Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam pandangan sejarawan Nusantara sejarah dan hadis memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat, karena hadis memberikan kontribusi besar dalam membangun fakta sejarah Islam awal. Akan tetapi sikap kritis terhadap fakta sejarah juga harus dikedepankan dengan pendekatan ilmu sejarah dan sosial untuk mengembangkan kajian sejarah di era modern ini.
Perilaku Keagamaan Komunitas Muslim (Pemahaman Hadis dalam NU dan Salafi Wahabi di Indonesia)
Authors: Nadia Zunly Nadia
Published: September 2018

Perbedaan dalam memahami hadis sudah terjadi sejak masa Nabi. Namun demikian perbedaan pemahaman ini tidak sampai memunculkan perpecahan. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu dan jarak yang semakin jauh dengan Rasulullah. Perbedaan-perbedaan dalam pemahaman hadis dirasakan semakin tajam, hingga pada masa selanjutnya perbedaan pemahaman tersebut membentuk dua aliran yang secara radikal membentuk kelompok yang berseberangan dan tidak jarang bahkan berujung pada konflik dan kekerasan. Secara garis besar, ada dua tipologi kelompok dalam memahami hadis. Tipologi ini didasarkan pada pendekatan yang digunakan. Pertama, kelompok tekstualis, kelompok ini lebih menekankan pemahaman terhadap hadis Nabi tanpa memperdulikan proses sejarah yang melahirkannya. Kelompok ini lebih mementingkan makna lahiriyah teks, dalam hal ini penekanan teks hadis terfokus hanya pada aspek bahasa. Sedangkan kedua adalah kelompok kontekstualis. Kelompok ini melakukan pemahaman hadis dengan mempertimbangkan asal-usul (asbab al-wurud) hadis, atau konteks yang berada dibalik teks.  Kelompok pertama selanjutnya disebut dengan ahl al-ra’yi, sedangkan kelompok kedua disebut dengan ahl al-hadis. Penyebutan kedua istilah tersebut mulai terlihat pada masa sahabat, dan semakin menguat khususnya pada masa perkembangan mu’tazilah sebagai reaksi atas spekulasi teologis kelompok mu’tazilah dan pada masa timbulnya reaksi Asy’ariyah.Dalam konteks Indonesia, perbedaan pemahaman terhadap hadis tentu saja terjadi pada berbagai komunitas muslim di Indonesia. Komunitas yang berbeda-beda ini secara tidak langsung memperlihatkan perbedaan pandangan dan penafsiran terhadap ajaran agama dan hal ini terutama cukup jelas terlihat dalam praktik keagamaan sehari-hari. Salah satu penyebab dari perbedaan dalam praktik keagamaan ini adalah pemahaman mereka yang berbeda terhadap hadis Nabi. Meski mayoritas umat muslim sepakat bahwa hadis merupakan sumber ajaran kedua setelah al-Qur’an, namun demikian tidak ada pemahaman yang sama terhadap sumber ajaran tersebut. Dari sini kemudian, penulis berusaha mengungkap bagaimana pemahaman hadis di NU dan komunitas Salafi Wahabi, sejauh mana perbedaan pemahaman terhadap hadis diantara keduanya dan apa yang melatarbelakangi perbedaan pemahaman terhadap hadis, kitab-kitab apa saya yang dipelajari sebagai pemandu dalam memamahi hadis serta bagaimana implikasi dari pemahaman hadis tersebut terhadap praktek keagamaan mereka. Lebih jauh, penulis ingin memperlihatkan bagaimana keragaman Islam Indonesia serta bagaimana perbedaan ini agar bisa dikelalola secara baik sehingga meminimalisir konflik yang terjadi akibat perbedaan penafsiran terhadap ajaran agama.
K některým případům nestandardní vokalické délky u zájmen
Authors: Janečka Martin
Published: September 2018

Tato stať pojednává o nestandardním použití vokalické délky v akuzativu singuláru zájmen ní, jí, naší a vaší. Pokouším se poukázat na možnou souvislost mezi výslovností těchto tvarů a jejich psanou podobou v Českém národním korpusu. Zejména se zaměřuji na to, v jakých kontextech volí uživatel jazyka (pisatel) v akuzativu singuláru dlouhý koncový vokál i v případech, kde to není v souladu s paradigmatem daného zájmena tak, jak je zachyceno v mluvnicích českého jazyka. Rozdíly z hlediska funkčních stylů zkoumám v korpusu SYN2015, rozdíly z hlediska regionální příslušnosti pak v korpusu SCHOLA2010. Sleduji rovněž, které předložky se pojí s nestandardními akuzativními tvary zájmen.
Co to jest dokument i czy pytanie to ma jakiekolwiek znaczenie? (Na marginesie Pięciu nieczystych zagrań Larsa von Triera i Jørgena Letha)
Authors: Koschany Rafał
Published: September 2018

The article is an attempt to interpret The Five Obstructions, a film by Lars von Trier and Jørgen Leth that is a documentary record of a real meeting between the two directors, and of the project they undertook. According to plans, Leth was supposed to make five new versions of his film The Perfect Human from 1967. The result of Trier and Leth’s cooperation represents a hybrid of genres, difficult to classify by means of standard categories. Most of all, however, the film is self-referential, and therefore, the article discusses different aspects of documentary work in general, including the originality of a work of art, the issue of difference and repetition, the situation of the creator, and the concept and status of a work of art. Ultimately, the interpreted film provides a potential starting point for formulating a thesis on the documentary as a set of artistic conventions and rules for creatively engaging art and reality.
Modern documentary in the age of virtual reality: Deapening engagement with nonfiction storytelling through technological innovation
Authors: Pomianowska Iwona
Published: September 2018

After decades of research, technological development as well as few discouraging setbacks, virtual reality (VR) appears to be on the cusp of its settled adoption. The incorporation of VR technology into the palette of everyday communication media is not only exciting for filmmakers and game designers, but also for every manner of storytellers: documentarians, journalists, educators, scientists – all professions involved in clarifying surrounding us reality and communicating about it. They all discovered that social change can be valuably stimulated by development of new technology – technology that serves in the same time as a classic medium to communicate and spread this news around. Considering the factors enabling us to capture and disseminate “a true story” in a highly captivating, immersive way (which previously has been preserved exclusively for entertainment and commercial productions), we should mention at least 3 crucial elements: technological innovation, psychological evolution of the viewer, application of VR beyond storytelling. The first two factors mutually interact and play off each other in terms of the changing threshold of perceptual tolerance as well as rising needs of the new spectator. The first part of this paper deals with the interdependency of these two elements. Structured conclusions will be enumerated as a practical reference for VR storytelling productions. The second part of the paper will deal with the third element enumerating the most inspiring cases from recent years – eye-openers for instigating social change, adding value and promoting wellbeing via VR technology. The engagement of VR in social change, innovation and nonfiction storytelling introduced the VR technology within the current media palette. It not only changes the nature of storytelling about reality, but fulfills the story that our reality builds.
Dobry, zły i brzydki. Fuck For Forest Michała Marczaka w obiegu społecznym i medialnym
Authors: Piepiórka Michał
Published: September 2018

Michał Marczak’s documentary Fuck For Forest was met with interest by both audiences and the media. This was due to the movie’s theme: the documentary tells the story of a group of activists living in Berlin who raise funds for environmental protection through a porn website. The film‘s premiere in Poland was accompanied by an aura of scandal, and Marczak’s movie was criticized by many for supposedly promoting pornography. The article analyzes the strategy used to promote the film in Poland and discusses various forms of commentary and media discourse on the film.
Kino obecności – analiza relacji między dokumentem a performance’em na wybranych przykładach
Authors: Tes Urszula
Published: September 2018

In my article, I examine the relationship between the documentary and performance. I focus special attention on Maciej Sobieszczański and Łukasz Ronduda’s film The Performer, which blurs the boundaries between film genres. Oskar Dawicki is a performer, and the protagonist of both a creative documentary and a feature film – this balancing on the borders of film genres and art is the focus of my reflections. The film’s authors took inspiration from the creative documentaries of Wojciech Wiszniewski and the plots of Grzegorz Królikiewicz, in which characters play themselves – in both cases, creative elements reveal the truth about each character. The most important aspect to me is the presence of the performer, which determines the form of the film and its reception. In my article I follow several themes which are key for understanding The Performer, among them the motif of disappearance and the relationship between the master and the disciple. I also deal with the problem of documenting performances – using the example of The Performer and the recording of Marina Abramović’s activities (Seven Easy Pieces by Marina Abramović, 2007). I also refer to the documentary film on Marina Abramović, The Artist Is Present, in which the performances recorded from 2010 go beyond the documentary formula.
Między realnością a wirtualnością. Wykorzystanie fotogrametrii w grze wideo Zaginięcie Ethana Cartera
Authors: Sikorska Joanna
Published: September 2018

Today we are seeing significant technological progress in the context of imitating reality. One technology which emulates our reality in comprehensive way is photogrammetry. The aim of the article is to illustrate the using of photogrammetry in the context of video games. The main part of the text is an analysis of The Vanishing of Ethan Carter (The Astronauts, 2015). The authors of this video game decided to apply photogrammetry in order to display vast spaces in which an avatar is moving. I indicate that such an implementation not only creates a reliable illusion of reality, but also crucially affects video games’ poetics and narration.
Dokumentalne etiudy szkolne lat 50. i 60.
Authors: Mąka-Malatyńska Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

The subject of the article are the poetics of films made in the Lodz Film School in the first years of its existence. Analysis of selected films allows us to trace the metamorphoses of documentary forms which were sometimes parallel to changes being observed in mainstream documentaries, sometimes preceding them, sometimes imitating them. Documentary school films from this period illustrate one of the most important phenomena in the history of Polish documentary cinema: the transition from a persuasive document to an observation film whose poetics are the basis for defining the documentary in Poland.
Storytelling in VR, CAVES and other emerging forms: An interview with Roderick Coover by Katarzyna Boratyn
Authors: Coover Roderick , Boratyn Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

The following interview with Roderick Coover asks how emerging cinematic technologies transform documentary storytelling. Though his early ethnographic projects, such as Concealed Narratives (1996, filmed and photographed in Ghana) and the Harvest (1999, filmed and photographed in France), he created interactive documentary forms that could bridge modes of expression. The works combine field-notes, editing observations, exposition, travel narratives, encounters and interviews with evocative imagery. In works such as Voyage Into The Unknown (2007), Canyonlands (2009), and Estuary (2013). Coover uses scrolling map environments to offer interactive, cinematic experiences in which users create paths among video clips and data; the works explore spatial knowledge and storytelling, national myth-making and land use. In works such as Something That Happened Only Once (2007) and The Last Volcano (2011), he layers stories on animated panoramic settings to present disturbing disjunctions in the expression of place and memory. His recent collaborative works Three Rails Live (2013) and Toxicity: A Climate Change Narrative (2016) are algorithmic. They use code to combine voices and images from a database in an ever-changing order; the works use storytelling and new technologies to address the questions of climate change and industrial waste. In Hearts & Minds: The Interrogations Project, a VR work about US military torture in Iraq, he and his collaborators use immersive arts, storytelling and gaming technologies to introduce challenging accounts of human rights abuse.
Removal of arsenic from water using crumpled graphite oxide
Authors: Son Ha Xuan , Hao Pham Van , Vinh Hac Van , Hai Nguyen Thanh , Ngan Nguyen Thi Kim , Minh Dang Nhat , Minh Phan Ngoc , Hong Phan Ngoc , Thanh Dang Van
Published: September 2018

In this work, we fabricated crumpled graphite oxides (CGOs) from discharged electrodes of waste batteries by the cathodic plasma electrolysis process and applied it for arsenic (As) removal from water solutions. Several factors that affect the removal efficiency of As(III) were investigated, including pH, initial concentrations, and contact time. After 120 min of experiment [10 mg of CGO in 40 ml of 1 mg/l As(III) solution], the removal efficiency reached to as high as 98.6%. From the Langmuir isotherm model, the calculated maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was found to be 47.39 mg/g. The results from this study showed that CGOs could be an effective adsorbent for As(III) removal from the water environment and acts as a promising adsorbent for other heavy metals from contaminated water.