bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of synchronized sound waves in the form of Indian Classical Ragas on Phytochemical analysis of Chamaecostus cuspidatus (Nees & Mart.) C. Specht & D. W. Stev
Authors: Pragyan Paramita Rout  , Rageshree swain  , Sanhita Padhi
Published: July 2022

Synchronized sound waves in the form of Indian classical ragas have a remarkable impact on the living beings. According to various studies, Indian Classical music has been confirmed to encourage plant growth positively and it is observed that the sounds from metal-rock, rock, rap, pop, and monotonous sounds have a negative impact on plant growth. The present research work was aimed at finding the impact and effect of the synchronized sound waves and their frequencies in different strings and closed-pipe Indian classical instrumental music displayed through various Ragas, viz: Raga- Kedar (flute), Raga- Kedar (santoor), Raga-Rageshree (sitar), Raga-Bhairavi (flute), Raga- Shree (Sarangi), Raga- Milan kiTodi (Sarod), Raga- Ramkali (Sitar) on phytochemical analysis in the leaves of Insulin (Chamaecostus cuspidatus). The standard deviation values in all of the pure solvents indicates that the data were spread over a wider range of values, which further showed that the treated plants have higher concentration phytochemicals when compared to that of the untreated samples. The total phenol content was found to be 207.66±0.33 mg/GAE per gram extract and 113.33±3.33 mg/GAE per gram extract in case of treated and untreated plant samples of Chamaecostus cuspidatus respectively. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be 37.66±0.33 mg QE/g extract and 26.66±0.33 mg QE/g extract in case of treated and untreated plant samples respectively and the total tannin content was found to be 843±1.99 mg TAE/g extract and 503±0.57 mg TAE/g extract in case of treated and untreated plant samples respectively.
Early Experience of Laparoscopic Colonic Surgery and its Associated Factors
Authors: Rahman Faiz Ur , Durrani Saadia Nawaz , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Khan Mohammad Shoaib , . Kanwal , Ahmed Malik Irfan
Published: July 2022

Aim: The research discusses the indications, tumour size, operational time, duration of analgesic required postoperatively, postoperative complications, recovery of bowel function and mortality associated with laparoscopic colonic surgery. Methods: This Case series studies were undertaken at the surgical department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi and Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi for duration of one year from 15th September 2020 to 15th September 2021. Clinical and operational data were collected from all laparoscopic-assisted colonic surgeries. Results: During this time, 85 laparoscopic-assisted colonic procedures were conducted. There were 76 carcinoma cases, 6 TB cases, and 3 polyp cases. From all, 60 cases were of right hemicolectomy, 12 cases of left hemicolectomy were performed, 5 cases of sigmoid colectomy were performed, 6 cases of segmental resection of splenic flexure were performed, and 2 cases of transverse colostomy were performed. Four cases were converted to open surgery due to locally advanced disease, one due to haemorrhage, and one due to failure to distinguish the tumour. The average time of the surgery was 140 minutes. The tumours were on average 5 cm in diameter. The average duration of analgesic use was 2.2 days. The average time for bowel activity to recover was 2.9 days, with a 6-day hospital stay. In one patient, traction injury to the small intestine occurred during surgery. Two patients got local wound infection after surgery, and two patients acquired lung infection. Conclusions: Colonic surgeries with laparoscopic assistance are linked with a smaller incision, a faster resumption of bowel activity, less painkiller use, a shorter hospital stay, and low incidence of pulmonary infection. Colon surgery may be performed laparoscopically and is an excellent first step toward obtaining advanced laparoscopic outcomes Keywords: Laparoscopy, Laparoscopic assisted colonic surgery, Colon cancer
Parasympathetic Reactivity and Oxidative Stress among Participants Suffering from the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Sukhera Shazia , Ilyas Jawaria , Iqbal Shama , Mastoor Maryam , Zaman Qamar
Published: July 2022

Background: Burden of PCOs is increasing throughout the world with a prevalence of 8% - 13% of females getting affected around the globe. Many studies have also reported autonomic dysfunction among participants with PCOs with poor response to the parasympathetic nervous system and increased response to the sympathetic nervous system in contrast to that in normal counterparts. This study will aim to assess the parasympathetic reactivity of the cardiac system and oxidative stress among participants suffering from PCOs in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Females with PCOs will be compared to normal counterparts of similar age and weight. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan from January 2021 to December 2021. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling following meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. PCOs participants were matched with non-affected females with similar weight and age. The participants were assessed for oxidative stress by undergoing examination of serum catalase and MDA levels. Autonomic reactivity was assessed by recording ECG on taking deep breaths, on standing and following Valsalva maneuver. Both groups were compared for outcomes and measurement. Results: The outcomes of this study showed that the group with PCOs females showed a significantly higher rate of heartbeat per minute, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to their normal counterparts. The serology reports showed PCOs affected group to have lower levels of catalase and increased levels of MDA in opposition to non-affected females. Furthermore, it was seen with serology and ECG measurement that E: I ratio, E-I difference, 30:15 ratio, and Valsalva ratio were all found to be positively associated with levels of plasma catalase, whereas all measurements were negatively associated with serum MDA levels in a group consisting of PCOs affected females. Conclusion: This study concludes that a variation is seen in the parasympathetic stimulation among participants suffering from PCOs and this alteration of autonomic reactivity correlates to reduced response to parasympathetic inputs leading to a deficiency. The results of the study did not signify ay neuropathy which could be suggested by measurement of assessment of cardiac autonomic function. However, it cannot be overlooked that these measurements were different from that of normal counterparts. Lower catalase levels and increased levels of MDA among the PCOs group signify oxidative stress. Keywords: Parasympathetic reactivity, Oxidative stress, Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Association of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and its Treatment
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ullah Irfan , Shakeel Faiz , Memon Fayaz Ahmed , Tahir Furqan , Gul Zaid
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to diagnose metastatic colorectal cancer and its treatment. Study Design: Retrospective/observational study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, HITEC-IMS Taxila Cantt. 1st July, 2021 To 31 December, 2021 Methods: There 150 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Included patients were aged between 25-85 years. All the presented patients had confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer diagnosed by using CT scan. Informed permission was obtained prior to obtaining detailed demographics, including age, sex and BMI, for all enrolled patients. Mutation of metastatic CRC were recorded and treated in terms of three line treatments by combination of biological and chemotherapy. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Males were higher in numbers 90 (60%) than females 60 (40%). Mean age of the patients was 62.16±22.56 years and had mean BMI 9.12 ± 11.45 kg/m2. Most common symptoms were pain in bones, constipation, diarrhea, rectal bleeding and difficulty in breathing among all cases. Frequency of RAS mutation was found in 100 (66.7%) cases, BRAF mutation in 20 (13.3%) cases and MSI-H/dMMR was found in 12 (8%) cases. According to mutational status as first line therpay, frequency of biological targeted therapies in combination with fluoropyrimidine/based combination chemotherapy was 105 (70%), and frequency of combination chemotherapy alone was among 45 (30%) cases. We found 80 (53.3%) patients received biological targeted therapies in combination with chemotherapy, frequency of immunotherapy was 35 (23.3%), combination chemotherapy in 20 (13.3%) and biological targeted therapies in 15 (10%) cases at second line while at third line, combination chemotherapy was received in 90 (60%) cases, frequency of biological targeted therapies was 40 (26.7%), biological targeted therapies in combination with chemotherapy in 13 (8.7%) cases and immunotherapy in 7 (4.7%) cases. Conclusion: This research found that mCRC is a social problem for healthcare systems since therapy is longer but increases patient survival. RAS mutations were frequent. Advances in molecular profiling of metastatic CRC help tailor therapy to particular patient subgroups. Despite few treatments, patients might expect longer longevity. Genomic profiling helps choose treatments so more patients benefit and fewer are exposed to harm. Keywords: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Immunotherapy, Chemotherpy, Biological Therapy, Mutation
Prospective Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response against Hearing Loss Risk Factrs. A Clinical Based Study
Authors: Majeed Shahid , Farooqi Samina , Khattak Hafiz Safiullah , Nagra Sajid Rashid , Chaudhry Kamran , Memon Fayaz Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of auditory brainstem response against hearing loss risk factors among new born babies. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College, Bahawalpur and General Hospital, Lahore. Jan, 2021 to June, 2021 Methods: There were one hundred and thirty high risk infants were presented in this study. Birth weight and gestational age as well as transfusion and asphyxiation rates were documented once the parents provided written permission. Included patients had absent ABR or ABR thresholds ≥80 dBnHL. ABR testing during natural or chloral hydrate-induced sleep was part of the audiologist's examination. Patients with aberrant ABR responses underwent further testing, including optical absorption empiricism (OAE). Measurements of immittance were performed as necessary. All data was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 130 cases, majority of the infants were males 85 (65.4%) and 45 (34.6%) infants were females. Mean gestational age of the infants was 35.11± 6.42 weeks. Mean weight of the infants was 1899.1± 2.654 grams. Frequency of severe birth asphyxia was seen in 65 (50%) cases. We found exchange transfusion in 25 (19.2%) cases. Improvement in ABR threshold was seen in 70 (53.8%) cases, partial improvement in 27 (20.8%) cases and no improvement was seen in 33 (25.4%) cases. After 3-4 months among patients of no/partial improvement, 42 (70%) patients were improved and no improvement was seen in 18 (30%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the hearing loss can be improved in infants by early ear screening by using ABR thresholds. Re-screening of ABR thresholds provided better results among infants. Staged further hearing testing of babies is needed to monitor hearing development at an early age utilizing repeated ABR measures to identify hearing impairment and detect threshold changes crucial for treatment decision-making. Keywords: Infants, ABR thresholds, Improvement, OAE
Study on Diabetic Rats Comparing the Effects of Sitagliptin and Probiotics on Serum Glucose
Authors: Lateef Naghmana , Rehman Irum , Tahir Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , . Arjumand , Memon Fayaz Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Objective: Probiotics were compared to Sitagliptin in this research in order to see whether they might lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rats more effectively. Study Design: Quasi experimental study Place and Duration: Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore. Jan, 2021 to June, 2021 Methods: There were 80 male rats were presented in this study. We used Streptozotocin to inflict diabetes in rats, and after one week, the results were validated by measuring Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (>7 mmol/L was termed diabetic). Rats were divided in four groups. Group I had 20 diabetic control rats, group II had 20 rats and received probiotics (250 mg/Kg), group III received sitagliptin (10 mg/Kg) among 20 rats and group IV received combination of probiotics and sitagliptin. Blood glucose was measured at baseline and after 6-weeks. Results among all groups were compared. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyzed all data. Results: We observed that rats given probiotics in group-II saw a substantial drop in their fasting blood glucose levels, with an effectiveness that was on par with that of rats given sitagliptin in group-III (p 0.05). Sitagliptin and probiotics had a synergistic impact in group IV that was stronger (p<0.05) than either of their individual effects in groups II and III. Conclusion: We concluded that Sitagliptin plus Probiotics lowers diabetic rats' blood glucose more than individual medicines. Probiotics reduce fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats like Sitagliptin. Diabetes treatment can include probiotics. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Fasting blood glucose, Sitagliptin, Probiotics, Rats
Prevalence of Usage Nicotine and its Dependence among Patients with Depression
Authors: Jawad Unaiza , Farooq Rizwan , Khan Muhammad Saeed , Zain Fahad Ul , Irfan Muhammad Shoaib , Fuaad Muazzam
Published: July 2022

Background: Smoking is common and people with mental disorders are no exception. Few studies have looked at the pervasiveness of usage of tobacco and dependence of nicotine in depressed patients in undeveloped states such as Pakistan. Therefore, in this study, the aim was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use, addiction of nicotine and the inspiration to quit smoking in major depressive disorder affected patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration: In the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, LGH Lahore, Pakistan and Psychiatry Alfalah diagnostic centre, Azhar Medical Plaza Timergara for the duration of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: The study was held amongst patients with diagnosis of depression form the Department of Psychiatry (outpatient and inpatient). A semi-structured form was used to collect data using and for nicotine use; WHO STEPS tool was used. The Nicotine Dependence was assessed by Fagerstrom Test, Smokeless Tobacco by Modified Fagerstrom and Motivation Assessment were used: Willingness to Quit Ladder was pragmatic for users of nicotine. The data was analyzed and compiled using the SPSS version 20.0. Results: The study comprised 110 subjects (mean age: 36.2 ±9.80 years, 50 men and 60 women) diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (mean disease duration: 1.56 ± 2.21 years) were included. 60 of 110 patients (54.5%) used one type or numerous types of tobacco. The patients smoked only tobacco were (n = 38, 63.4%), smokeless tobacco was used by 14 subjects (23.3%) and 13.3% (n = 8) used smokeless and smoked tobacco both. The percentage of smokers of any type of tobacco is greater in men as compared to women (p = 0.029). Among who smokes (n = 38), about fifty percent were heavily addicted 24(63.2%), and 14 (36.8%) were moderately addicted. Almost all (92.8%) of the smoke-less category (n = 14) were highly addicted. Among the combined users, almost all (6/8 = 75%) were heavily addicted to nicotine. A comparatively insignificant proportion (23.3%) of users of nicotine were strongly agreed to stop using any tobacco type. Conclusions: The usage of nicotine prevalence and dependence was supposed to be greater in individuals with depression. In low-resource environments such as Pakistan, the practice of translated and standardized tools of screening can be effectively cast-off to assess the nicotine usage burden in standard practice clinically. Keywords: Nicotine, Depression, Tobacco and Nicotine dependence.
Depression among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Associated Factors and its Prevalence
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saeed , Farooq Rizwan , Afsar Saima , Qasim Muhammad Fahim , Huma Shafqat , Hotiana Usman Amin
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The depression and diabetes both are important community health concerns. Depression is a common comorbid disease in diabetic patients. The goal of this analysis was to assess the depression prevalence in diabetic patients and to recognise the numerous influences related with it. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the Psychiatry and Medicine department of Behavioral Sciences, LGH Lahore, Pakistan and Psychiatry Alfalah diagnostic centre, Azhar Medical Plaza Timergara for the duration of six months from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: The patients with diabetes mellitus who visited the OPD Internal Medicine Department and Psychiatry department were referred for a psychiatric assessment. 140 total patients were studied for 6-month period. Face-to-face interviews were directed to collect the clinical profile and sociodemographic data of the subjects. To classify and describe depression; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was applied. The percentage, frequency, multivariate regression and test were applied. Results: The total depression prevalence was 30.2% and institute to be higher significantly in women (p = 0.008), subjects on insulin treatment (p = 0.028), diabetes mellitus >15 years (p = 0.049) and patients with uncontrolled blood glucose levels (p = 0.018) even after treatment. A regression analysis found that the type of treatment, blood glucose level, gender, and type of treatment were independent forecasters of depression in patients with DM. The subjects treated with insulin were 4 times additional probable to develop depression (CI: 2.129 - 8.865, OR = 4.344, p <0.001). Conclusion: About a quarter of diabetic patients had depression. Influences such as long duration of diabetes mellitus, female gender, uncontrolled diabetes and therapy with insulin increase the danger of rising depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, routinely assessment of depression in diabetic patients is essential. Keywords: Prevalence, Diabetes and Depression.
Feto-Maternal Outcome after Trial of Vaginal Delivery in Women Having the History of Previous Caesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan
Authors: Kakar Sadia , Jan Fouzia , Jogezai Zeb Un Nisa , Ali Saira , Baloch Nazish , Khan Rozina
Published: July 2022

Aim: To determine the fetus and maternal outcome on the trial of vaginal delivery after a previous single Caesarean Section (CS). Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from January 2021 to December 2021 Methodology: A total of 108 cases were incorporated in the study who had a previous single CS. Patients' vital signs, fetal cardiac activity, pain and tenderness of the lower abdomen, and fetal distress were observed extensively during the labor. Data was collected with pre-designed Performa, and written informed consent was obtained on a consent form. The hospital committee was given authorization, and the data was analyzed for outcomes. Results: A total of71 patients (65.7%) had a successful vaginal delivery, while 37 (34.3%) required a repeat emergency cesarean section. Out of 71 vaginal deliveries, 47 (66.2%) were between the ages of 19 and 30 years, while 24 (33.8%) were between 31 and 45 years. Out of 37 instances, 22 (59.5 %) were between the ages of 19 and 30 years, while 15 (40.5 %) were between 31 and 45 years. The distribution of cases according to fetal distress in emergency cesarean section patients showed that 8 cases (21.6%) experienced fetal distress, and 29 (78.4%) did not develop any fetal complication. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the higher frequency of fetal distress in CS than vaginal delivery. Pregnant patients should be encouraged to have vaginal deliveries to reduce future morbidity related to CS. Keywords: Caesarean Section, Emergency cesarean delivery, Feto-maternal, vaginal delivery
Frequency of Midline Diastema in patients reported To OPD of Bacha Khan Medical College Mardan
Authors: Maryam Bibi , Imtiaz Javaria , Nasir Umar , . Shaheen , Mumtaz Aqsa , Ullah Nauman
Published: July 2022

Background: A space between adjacent central incisor teeth is termed "diastema or diastemata". Midline diastema in mixed dentition is a great center of concern for parents as well as their children, therefore, determining the time of closure of midline diastema is essential for clinical practice in Orthodontic and the study was aimed to determine the frequency of midline diastema in both maxillary and mandibular arches in patients. Material and Method: The current study was carried out at Bacha Khan Medical College Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa to determine the frequency of midline diastema in both maxillary and mandibular arches in patients for which a total of 200 responders have examined 100 responders were males while 100 were female. Results: The frequency of Midline diastema was 12%, out of 200 hundred in which Maxillary midline diastema was 5% and Mandibular midline diastema was 5.5% and both the arches were found to be 1.5% in females. Conclusion: The finding of the current study is that the population of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa has several Midline diastemata affecting their esthetic. A similar study to find out the etiology of Midline diastema is suggested which requires a large sample size. Keywords: Midline diastema, Frequency, Orthodontic
Challenges in Engaging Students during an Online Health Professions Education Course: An Exploratory, Qualitiative Study
Authors: Khan Sana , Jamil Brekhna
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Multiple challenges have raised in medical education after the pandemic due to transition from face-to-face to online learning. One of the major issues faced is related to student engagement. This study aimed to understand the challenges of student engagement in online learning for a health professions education program. Study design: Qualitative explorative study. Place & duration: The study was conducted in the medical education department, institute of health professions education and research, Khyber medical university, Peshawar, Pakistan. For the purpose of data collection, three institutes were involved: Khyber Medical University (KMU), Riphah International University (RIU) and University College of Medicine & Dentistry (UCMD). All three institutes were conducting Masters program in Health Professions Education (MHPE). The study was conducted from 28/02/2021 to 31/08/2021. Methodology: A total of 12 students and six faculty members were recruited from three different Masters in Health Professions Education (MHPE) programs in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were recorded on Zoom, two variables assessed on interviews were, defining online student engagement and challenges of student engagement in online learning. The interviews were transcribed onto MS Word files. The files were imported into NVivo v12.0 and analyzed to determine any emergent themes and sub themes. Results: A total of four main themes and eleven sub themes emerged. The themes were: lack of motivation, distractors, lack of faculty development and non-conductive environment. Conclusion: The participants identified lack of student motivation and interest in online learning; technical challenge such as internet connectivity; lack of faculty training; household distractions and a non-conducive environment such as a large class size as the main challenges for online student engagement in a MHPE program. Keywords: Student engagement; medical education; online learning, health professions education, student participation, digital transformation.
Dental Caries Frequency & its Determinants among Adults of District Kohat & Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jibran , Waheed Mehwish Saba , Khan Nadia , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Wazir Anwar Khan , . Naeemullah , Iqbal Arif , Khan Said Akbar , Ali Jawad , Shirazi Muhammad Fawad
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of dental caries among adults in District Kohat and Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Methods: After taking ethical approval, a descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in District Kohat and Nowshera, in which a total of n=435 adults were assessed and examined for dental caries, from November 2021 to March 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding dental caries and its risk factors. Moreover, relevant tooth brushing, and dietary information was also collected. Data was analyzed by SPSS and results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 23.68% of adults had dental caries. Approximately, 57.70% of adults are of age between 30-60 years; 25.06% had monthly income less than 25000/PKR per month; 14.02% were illiterate, and 40.92% were overweight and obese. Moreover, 52.64% had compliance to daily tooth-brushing; 49.66% used fluoride tooth paste; 41.15% and 58.85% prefer sugar and sweet beverages respectively. Furthermore, 21.84% had poor oral hygiene; 14.94% had routine dental examinations; and 49.21% & 32.41% prefer vegetables and fruits. Conclusions: Concluded that dental caries showed moderate prevalence among adults and revealed relationship with age; monthly income, body mass index, and literacy level. Moreover, frequency of tooth-brushing, fluoride tooth-paste, oral hygiene status and sweet preference showed association with dental caries and thus comprehensive preventive and health promotion strategies were needed to overcome dental caries among adults. Keywords: Dental Caries, Toothbrush, Fluoride, Monthly Income, Sugar, Sweet beverages, Nowshera
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Hyperglycemic Patients with Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. A Clinical Study
Authors: Ali Shujaat , Mukarram Muhammad , Raza Ahmad , Jameel Hafsa , Bambal Muhammad Abdullah , Shuja Naveed
Published: July 2022

Study Design: Current study was conducted from February,2022 to May, 2022 at Emergency, Medical and Cardiological units of The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore. The aims and objectives of this study was to identify the frequency rate of myocardial infraction in diabetic type-2 patients. Materials and Methods: Sample size: Total 125 individuals were selected for current study, and divided them into three different groups. In Group-A 25 normal individuals, while in Group-B 20 non-diabetic patients with myocardial infraction. Where as in Group-C 80 patients were diabetic with myocardial infraction were selected respectively. Biomarkers: Blood-glucose level, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, Troponin I - levels, ECG. Presentation of Data: The collected raw data were bio statistically presented through SPSS version 2020.Variation within the groups were elaborated with the application of mean standard deviation and significant changes were considered according to the (P<0.05). Results: The findings of current study were significant(P<0.05) and a remarkable change in blood glucose level, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, Troponin I - levels, ECG of group-B (140.0±0.01, 160±0.03, 90±0.03, 0.07±0.01) and group-C (250.2±0.02, 195±0.02, 105±0.02, 0.20±0.01) were measured and compared with group-A (138.0±0.01, 120±0.01, 75±0.01, 0.03±0.00) respectively. Conclusion: In acute myocardial infarction high blood glucose levels are typical and are linked to a higher risk of mortality in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Diabetes mellitus, Macrovascular, Troponin-I
Adsorption and Leaching of Deltamethrin Pesticide in Alluvial Soil Under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors: Bajeer M. Ashraf , Shar Zahid Hussain , Solangi Nizamuddin , Solangi Sorath , Mallah M. A. , Channa M. Kashif , Sherazi S. T. H.
Published: July 2022

This study was carried out to assess the adsorption and leaching activities of deltamethrin pesticide in soil and water. Experiments in the lab and in the field were used to better understand these processes and the factors that influence them. Sections of the adsorption experiment were separated into kinetic and steady-state. Pseudo-first and second-order models were used to evaluate the kinetic data. Deltamethrin kinetic adsorption on soil was shown to be pseudo second order, with a rate constant of 4.625 mg/g/h. Using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, it was determined that Freundlich's isotherm was well-observed, with adsorption capacities of 0.164-0.861 mole per gramme, based on the equilibrium data. In the lab, leaching experiments were carried out in 30-cm-long plastic columns. After adsorption, 500 ml of water was used to elute a known amount of deltamethrin insecticide from the column. It was discovered that the deltamethrin concentration fell from 0.405 ng/l in the first portion of the water to 0.0601 ng/l in the last portion of the water and 2.584 ng/l in the first section of column soil to 0.278 ng/l in the third section of column soil. Deltamethrin's leaching capability was tested in the field to a depth of 30 cm, and its concentration declined as soil depth increased. In the first piece of soil, it was 10.518 ng/l, and in the third, it was 0.354 ng/l. It was discovered in this investigation that deltamethrin insecticide leached to 30 cm depth because to minimal organic matter, sandy texture and basic pH. Keywords: Adsorption; Deltamethrin; Leaching; Soil; Water
Impacts of Coping Strategies for Electricity Load Shedding among University Students
Authors: Malik Anwar Ali , Memon Parveen Akhter , Ali Hasnain , Mallah Manthar Ali , Bux Khuda , Haq Mansoor Ul
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Electricity crisis is growing day by day which affects our routine life. The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts and coping strategies of electricity load shedding that wereadopted by university students. Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 university students during campus timings at the University of Sindh Jamshoro. The level of the confidence interval was set 95% with 0.05% of margin error. A convenient sampling technique was used. The raw data were analyzed and edited in MS Excel and then entered in SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentage were calculated for measuring the impact of load shedding and chi-square test was used where it needed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.7 years, ± 2.65. The findings of the present study showed 78% of students felt physically, mentally and emotionally ill due to load shedding. Our study revealed 71.61% of students who felt anxiety due to load shedding. A study result showed 41% of the respondents who became angry and caused physical violence. Present study also identified 77% of the participant’s sleep was disturbed. A study indicated 76.56% of student’s punctuality was affected. Our study inquired 75% students’ grades were affected and 87% students could not maintain concentration during lectures. Walking, physical exercise, and listening to music were identified as coping strategies. Conclusion: Electricity load shedding badly affects the overall performance of students including their punctuality, concentration during classes, and preparation of assignments, examinations, and results. Furthermore, the findings of this research should be confirmed in a cohort or longitudinal studies. Keywords: Load shedding, coping strategies, physical illnesses, and mental illnesses.
Cross Sectional Comparative Relationship of Obesity with Ischemic Heart Disease and its impacts. A Clinical Study
Authors: Sadiq Abdul , Ghafoor Abdul , Rehman Fazal Ur , Akhter Naheed , Hussain Rizwana , Shuja Naveed
Published: July 2022

Study task: This study was conducted in different CCU Departments of Baluchistan from February 2022 to June 2022 for providing health awareness to the people about obesity and its effects in cardiovascular complications. Aims and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to find out the biological effects of obesity in cardiovascular complications in both male and female individuals. Data Collection: Total 164 individuals of age in between 40- 65 were selected for this study and divided them into two different groups. In group- A, 80 individuals were non- obese of BMI 15-25 while in Group-B, 84 individuals with BMI 30-35 were so obese as compared with individuals of group-A. A medical history Performa was used to collect history of each individual. Biochemical and Physiological analysis: BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL). Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction were studied in connection to the obesity rate and trends of individuals. BMI calculated by dividing weight in Kg by height in m2. Automatic Digital Blood Pressure Monitor was used for measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lipid profile was performed with the help of kits on spectrophotometer. Bio-statistical analysis: Collected raw data were presented with the application of SPSS variant 20. All findings were represented in regression of each biomarker in the form of mean standard deviation and significant changes such as (P<0.05). Results: Current study stated that an increase in ischemic heart disease in 60 (73.1%) cases of group I, and in 11 (12.2%) instances of group II. Myocardial infarction rates were also higher in obese patient substantially outperformed non-obese instances with a p value. <0.05. Additionally, obese individuals' systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were greater. While cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were shown to be greater in obese people, HDL was found to be lower in these patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that obesity and weight gain are important risk factors for myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, which lead to poor outcomes for patients and an increase in the death rate. Keywords: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Ischemic heart disease, systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Adverse Biochemical and Physiological Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Type-2 Patients, A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Hussain Rizwana , , Akhter Naheed , Khan Hasan Akbar , Shuja Naveed , Shuja Arslan , Mujahid Asfand Yar
Published: July 2022

Task: The aims and objectives of present study were to highlight the efficacy and adverse side effects of metformin in patients with diabetes type-2 and this study was conducted from December 2021to May 2022 in different medical and diabetic centers of Pakistan. Materials and methods: Subjects: 700 male and female subjects were selected for this study. Division of individuals: 100 normal individuals were in Control group, further 600 individuals were divided into three different groups. In group-X, 200 diabetic type-2, patients were taking 2000 mg/day metformin and in group-Y, 200 diabetic type-2, patients were taking 1500 mg/day metformin while in group-Z, 200 diabetic type-2, patients were taking 500 mg/day metformin respectively. Parameters: Fasting and random serum glucose levels, blood lactic acid levels, serum creatinine levels, myoglobin blood levels and blood hemoglobin levels. Analysis: Microlab and Spectrophotometry kit, regent method were used for the measurement of different parameters. Bio-statistical presentation: All collected raw data were interoperated bio-statistically through the application of SPSS version 2000, in which all parameters were described with the application of standard mean deviation and significant (p<0.05) regression.
Dental Caries: Epidemiological & Public Health Approach among Children of District Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Mehwish Saba , Shirazi Muhammad Fawad , Khan Muhammad Jibran , Khan Nadia , . Naeemullah , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Darwesh Nizam Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem, and affects 60-90% of children; and has relationship with social; dietary; and behavioral factors. The main objective of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of dental caries among children of District Nowshera Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in District Nowshera, in which a total of n=295 children were examined regarding presence of dental caries, from January to April 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding determinants of dental caries and its risk factors from parents. Data was analyzed by SPSS and results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 60.68% of children had dental caries. Approximately, 54.92% were male; 64.41% had age < 5 years; 42.03% were working mothers; and 53.56% were form rural setup. Moreover; 46.78% use toothbrush; 26.78% use fluoride toothpaste; 73.56% were breastfed; 20.0% were bottle fed; and 83.39% had night feeding. Furthermore; 29.49% children preferred high caloric food intake; 32.88% prefer sugars in food; and 47.80% added sugar during bottle feeding of their children. Conclusions: It was concluded that dental caries showed moderate to high frequency among children; and showed strong relationship family income, body mass index, parent’s education level; and job status of parents. Moreover, frequency of tooth-brushing, fluoride tooth-paste, and sugar preference showed association with dental caries and thus social, dietary and health promotion strategies were needed to reduce prevalence and complications of dental caries. Keywords: Dental Caries, Toothbrush, Fluoride; Caloric Diet; Bottle Feedings; Nowshera, Pakistan
Analysis of Predictive Factors of Post-Covid-19 Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Muhammad Shafi , Solangi Faheem Ahmed , Salam Abdul , Ali Akhtar , Chachar Muhammad Hanif , Kumar Jagdesh
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the predictive factors related to the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis in the patients who are COVID-19 infected. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College hospital Sukkur SMBBMU Larkana Pakistan from March 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: This study included patients admitted due to COVID-19 infection. The Presence of SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR on the samples collected via nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected patients. CT severity score (CSS) was recorded for all the patients admitted, and their chest CT scans were conducted initially. Chest CT scans were performed during 3 and 6 months follow-upsto assess the progression of fibrotic abnormalities. Results: It was observed that out of 173 patients, male patients were 32.9% and 53.62 years was the mean age of patients. After the first CT follow up i.e., 3 months, pulmonary fibrosis was present in 52% of patients. Out of them, 62 patients had undergone a second CT scan, among which 66.1% patients had exhibited no significant signs of fibrotic findings whereas 33.9% patients had exhibited diminished lung fibrosis. Conclusion: In half of the COVID-19 patients, lung fibrosis was present and patients having severe pneumonia were more prone to developing pulmonary fibrosis. Keywords: Pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19 infection, CT scan
Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Cohort Study
Authors: Jabeen Rubina , Kausar Syeda Tasneem
Published: July 2022

Objective: To assess whether maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Research design and methods: A population based cohort study was conducted by using information from the National Health Services and long term care of Punjab (Pakistan) health care administrative databases. The researcher identified all women with a MDM diagnosis with a live birth singleton delivery between June 2020 and May 2022. MDM was defined based on laboratory test results and diagnosis coding. Results: A total of 17,335 people with CHD remained allocated to embryologically relevant heart phenotypes. CHD recurrence was 328 per 11,500 live births (n=236) in offspring of women having gestational diabetes mellitus, associated to a baseline danger of 81 per 11,500; attuned comparative danger for CHD remained 5.01 (96 percent confidence range, 4.52–5.54). The connection was unaffected by birth year, maternal age at diabetes beginning, or diabetes extent, in addition CHD dangers associated with type 1 and DM type-2 were not substantially different. Individuals born to females who had previously experienced acute exacerbations had a higher risk of CHD than just those born to women who had not previously experienced acute diabetes complications (hazard ratio, 8.63; 96 percent confidence interval, 6.24–11.7, and relative risk, 4.48; 96 percent confidence interval, 3.92–5.14, respectively; P=0.0005). Maternal gestational DM remained related to all particular CHD phenotypes (adjusted hazard range, 3.75–15.9). Conclusion: In a large observational study, MDM was associated with an increased risk of CHD. Therefore, diabetes screening during pregnancy is suggested to identify women at risk for CHD. Keywords: Maternal diabetes mellitus, Congenital Heart defects and Offspring
Comparison of High Flex Posterior Stabilized Implant (PS TKR) and Medial Pivot Implant (MP TKR) in Total Knee Arthroplasty with Respect to Knee Range of Motion, A Short Term Study
Authors: Shah Ali Raza , Hafeez Sohail , Khan Sana Farid
Published: July 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is the most common cause of functional impairment in the elderly. A complete knee arthroplasty is the most common knee operation for patients with advanced osteoarthritis. A complete knee arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that is used to treat osteoarthritis in its most severe form." Rheumatoid arthritis, advanced degenerative arthritis, and other forms of this type of osteoarthritis fall under this category. This way of treating different types of arthritis is both highly successful and completely risk-free. MP-TKR and PS-TKR designs have been proven to be beneficial only through a little amount of research so far. So, the aim of this study was to compare the mean range of motion by using two different types of implants i.e. high flexed posterior stabilized implant and medial pivot implant. Objectives: To compare the mean range of motion, in patients with advanced arthritis, treated with total knee arthroplasty, by using two different types of implants i.e. high flexed posterior stabilized implant and medial pivot implant. Study design: It is Randomized Comparative Trial. Setting: Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Subjects: A total of 62 patients were included in our study, which is divided into 2 groups, comprising of 31 patients in each group.
The Impacts of Ultra-Slim Plus and Slim Smart on the Morphology of Kidneys and Renal Function of Albino Rats as Weight Reducing Drugs
Authors: Sadiq Abdul , Khan Hasan Akbar , Najeeb Muhammad Naveed , Ahmed Ali , Memon Arisha Sana , Shuja Naveed
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives: Current study was designed to investigate the effects of two weight reducing drugs i.e. Slim Smart and Ultra-Slim Plus on kidneys and renal function. Experimental Study: This study was conducted in the Experimental Institute (Animal House) of The University of Lahore, Anatomy departments and Biochemistry department from November 2021 to May 2022. A total 25 adult male albino rat were collected and divided them into three different groups. Plain distilled water, Slim Smart and Ultra Slim plus were used in glass bottles. Under an anatomical microscope, the TA index was used to quantify interstitial fibrosis, glomerular hyalinization, vascular alterations, and tubular atrophy. Cell infiltration was computed as a percentage of inflammatory cells / HPF, and the cortical medulla ratio (C / M) was also calculated. SPSS version 20 was used to gather and analyze the raw data. One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups for quantitative variables such as renal cell infiltration. Group (mean ± standard) error was used for this analysis. Post-tacky tests were also used for cortical medullary ratios and (p< 0.05) was considered important. Results: Sections of Albino Rate kidney stained with H&E and PAS and examined histologically revealed mesangial cellular hypertrophy, thickened vascular walls, and lymphocyte infiltration. The results of group-A and group-C were significant but in group-B much inflammation was seen. A slightly significant changes (p< 0.05) were seen in serum creatinine and blood urea levels in different groups. Conclusion: Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus induce mesangial hyper cellularity and lymphocyte infiltration, as well as thickening of blood vessel walls. These alterations are consistent with interstitial nephritis, thus individuals with renal problems should use these medications with care. Keywords: Slim Smart, Ultra Slim Plus, Mesangial hyper cellularity, Lymphocyte infiltration, Nephrotoxicity
First Attempt Intubation Success Rate with Video Laryngoscope after Failed Direct Laryngoscopy
Authors: Malik Shoaib , Raza Shahneela , Muneer Muhammad Nadeem
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Several unsuccessful intubation attempts prompted the authors of this study to investigate the efficacy of the C-MAC video laryngoscope. Methods: After first attempts with a Macintosh direct laryngoscope were unsuccessful, patients were ultimately able to be intubated with the help of C-MAC laryngoscopes. It was determined whether or not there was a correlation between the positive outcome of C-MAC catheterization and the laryngeal photographs that were produced by the device. Study design: Descriptive Cross sectional Study Settings:Department of Anesthesia, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi Study duration:January 2021 to January 2022 Results: Cormack and Lehane gave the Macintosh laryngoscope ratings of III and IV, however CMAC gave scores of I to 13 patients, II to 7 patients, and III to one patient. Tracheal intubation with CMAC was successful in 16 patients (76.2% percent) on the first try, and in 5 patients on the second attempt (23.8% percent). Only a trace of blood was discovered on the blades of three patients (14 percent). Conclusion: During routine anaesthetic treatment, a C-MAC video laryngoscope can successfully overcome unsuccessful intubations. The C-MAC video laryngoscope is a key recovery instrument that is both efficient and safe in the case of an intubation failure.