bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Strategic Factors of Enterprises in China and the United States in the Process of Green Transformation
Authors: Shen Qianyao
Published: September 2023

The electricity industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases, which makes reducing carbon emissions critical to mitigating climate change. In response, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower are replacing traditional sources such as oil and natural gas. Traditional energy companies are undertaking green transformations to invest in sustainable facilities that require significant capital and practice, making it an area for study and improvement. This essay examines the green transformation process in the power industries of China (China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG)) and the United States (NextEra Energy (NEE)), essential for reducing carbon emissions. Chinese companies experience political interference, which limits their flexibility in industrial layout and capital allocation. However, they have established an information system combining employee management and electronic human resources systems, enabling relatively ideal human efficiency. American companies have higher market flexibility, allowing them to negotiate agreements with the government and trade unions to ensure stable and efficient human-to-efficiency ratios during the transformation process. Future research should identify factors that influence the green transformation process and, develop strategies to overcome potential obstacles. Comparative studies of power industries in other countries could provide insights into improving the efficiency of green transformations.
Assessment of financial sustainability and risk of bankruptcy of agricultural enterprises in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyancheva Dimitrina , Angelova Rumyana
Published: September 2023

The diagnostics of financial sustainability of economic subjects and the risk of bankruptcy constantly attract the attention of economists. For these purposes, a number of financial indicators have been studied and threshold values were set, above and below which the probability of bankruptcy is considered significant. The agricultural sector is an invariable field for the realization of such studies, because it is seen as highly risky due to the action of many external and internal critical factors whose influence may lead to insolvency. The present research aims to evaluate the applicability of some of the most commonly used models for analyzing financial sustainability in the agricultural sector by using financial reports over a five-year period of a representative excerpt of large and middle-sized Bulgarian firms in the agricultural sector. Crop and livestock farms have been analyzed as separate subsectors in order to determine whether the applied methods for analysis of the financial sustainability show their specifics depending on the character of their particular activity. In parallel, the authors have studied the dependency between financial health and innovative activity and proved that the higher level of digitalization presupposes better financial sustainability and reduces the risk of bankruptcy.
The Use of Large Animal Models in Trauma and Bleeding Studies
Authors: Rayatdoost Farahnaz , Grottke Oliver
Published: September 2023

Background Major trauma often results in significant bleeding and coagulopathy, posing a substantial clinical burden. To understand the underlying pathophysiology and to refine clinical strategies to overcome coagulopathy, preclinical large animal models are often used. This review scrutinizes the clinical relevance of large animal models in hemostasis research, emphasizing challenges in translating findings into clinical therapies.

Methods We conducted a thorough search of PubMed and EMBASE databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022. We used specific keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria centered on large animal models.

Results Our review analyzed 84 pertinent articles, including four animal species: pigs, sheep, dogs, and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Eighty-five percent of the studies predominantly utilized porcine models. Meanwhile, sheep and dogs were less represented, making up only 2.5% of the total studies. Models with NHP were 10%. The most frequently used trauma models involved a combination of liver injury and femur fractures (eight studies), arterial hemorrhage (seven studies), and a combination of hemodilution and liver injury (seven studies). A wide array of coagulation parameters were employed to assess the efficacy of interventions in hemostasis and bleeding control.

Conclusions Recognizing the diverse strengths and weaknesses of large animal models is critical for trauma and hemorrhage research. Each model is unique and should be chosen based on how well it aligns with the specific scientific objectives of the study. By strategically considering each model's advantages and limitations, we can enhance our understanding of trauma and hemorrhage pathophysiology and further advance the development of effective treatments.
Ist eine Zentralisierung stationärer Krankenhausleistungen unausweichlich?
Authors: Kost Annika
Published: September 2023

Bereits seit vielen Jahren wird in regelmäßigen Abständen die Thematik einer Umstrukturierung der deutschen Krankenhauslandschaft diskutiert. Der Ausbruch der Covid-19-Pandemie offenbarte hierzu erneut Diskurspunkte, da sie innerhalb kürzester Zeit ein zuvor nie dagewesenes Interesse der Bevölkerung auf den Zustand der deutschen Versorgungsqualität lenkte und Akteure des Gesundheitswesens aufforderte, die allgegenwärtigen Strukturen zu überprüfen.
Effekte durch Simulationstrainings auf Intensivpflegende
Authors: Danz Eilaw , Dormann Patrick
Published: September 2023

Der Outcome von Patienten, besonders in kritischen Situationen, ist nicht nur vom fachlichen Wissen, sondern auch von der Handlungskompetenz und Zusammenarbeit der Behandelnden abhängig. Doch wie lassen sich solche fachpraktischen Kompetenzen erwerben? Bietet Simulationstraining hier eine Antwort? Welche Auswirkungen hat Simulationstraining speziell auf Intensivpflegende? Diese Fragen werden im folgenden Artikel tiefgreifend thematisiert.
PICS – Welche Nachsorge benötigen Betroffene?
Authors: Emsden Christian , Schütz Sabina Hunziker
Published: September 2023

Die Langzeitfolgen einer kritischen Erkrankung sind in den Fokus der Intensivstationen gerückt. Innerhalb der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin wurde kürzlich die Sektion PICS gegründet, um sich im multiprofessionellen Austausch dem Thema zu widmen. Einen Einblick in die Nachsorge von PICS-Betroffenen geben die Autoren dieses Artikels anhand einer Literaturübersicht und eines Erfahrungsberichts von mehr als sechs Jahren in einer Post-ICU-Sprechstunde.
Mobilisation bei Gelenkkontrakturen
Authors: Schomacher Jochen
Published: September 2023

Haben Sie auch in der Schule und der Weiterbildung Manuelle Therapie gelernt, dass passives Mobilisieren das Bewegungsausmaß bei Gelenkkontrakturen vergrößert? Leider ist das nicht so. Die verkürzte Gelenkkapsel wird nur länger, wenn sie täglich lange (Stunden!) am Bewegungsende gehalten wird. Ein genauer Blick auf vorhandene Evidenz lohnt sich. Eines vorab: Lagern ergänzt passives Mobilisieren entscheidend.
Comparing Perceived Sleep Quality, Practices, and Behaviors of Male and Female Elite Rugby Union Athletes with the Use of Sleep Questionnaires
Authors: Teece Angus R. , Beaven Martyn , Argus Christos K. , Gill Nicholas , Driller Matthew W.
Published: September 2023

Objective To evaluate the differences in subjective sleep quality, quantity, and behaviors among male and female elite rugby union athletes through two common sleep questionnaires.

Materials and Methods A sample of 38 male and 27 female elite rugby union athletes filled out the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Global scores and individual items for each questionnaire were compared to assess differences between sexes.

Results Male athletes reported significantly longer sleep duration (7 h 50 m ± 50 m versus 7h 12 m ± 58 m respectively; p ≤ 0.01; d = 0.70) and higher habitual sleep efficiency (88% versus 83% respectively; p < 0.05; d = 0.54) when compared with female athletes. Individual items of the ASBQ revealed significant differences between male and female athletes for five questions. Male athletes displayed higher instances of taking stimulants before training or competition and consuming alcohol within 4 hours of going to bed. Conversely, female athletes expressed greater thought or worry while in bed and a higher instance of training late at night.

Discussion Male athletes displayed better self-reported sleep quality and quantity than female athletes; however, the present study highlighted that male and female elite rugby union athletes face specific challenges that differ. It appears that the differences observed between male and female elite rugby union athletes may be due to differing levels of professionalism or differences in training or competition schedules.
The Importance of Sleep for Successful Neurorehabilitation after Stroke
Authors: Frange Cristina , Murray Brian James , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos
Published: September 2023

Sleep has important clinical implications for neurorehabilitation after stroke. We aimed to systematically explore sleep (including naps) as an essential factor in the neurorehabilitation of patients after stroke. After titles and abstracts were screened, 49 full texts were reviewed, and 7 were included in this review. Data were extracted and assessed for quality and risk of bias. We looked at any neurorehabilitation setting, and compared sleep with no sleep and explored these factors in stroke patients versus healthy individuals. Rehabilitation is critical for many activities that may need to be learned or re-learned following stroke and for returning to everyday life. In this context, sleep is essential in neurorehabilitation and physical therapy practice as it supports neuroplasticity, memory, and learning. The available data suggest that sleep should be considered in the treatment plan for successfully targeted physiotherapy to optimize cognitive and motor learning. Physical therapists should advise about sleep hygiene and therapies to improve sleep, both quality and quantity.
Sleep Quality, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Physical Activity Level in Health Professionals with and Without COVID-19: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Neves Ana Carolynne Santos , Chaves Sulyvan Italo Daher , Siqueira Pedro Paulo Simões , Alves Karla Michelle Lima , Studart-Pereira Luciana Moraes , Jaguaribe-de-Lima Anna Myrna
Published: September 2023

Objective To compare the sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and physical activity level in health professionals infected and not infected with COVID-19.

Methods Cross-sectional study based on online forms (Google Forms) filled out by health professionals who cared for COVID- 19 patients in hospitals in the Recife metropolitan area, Brazil, between October 2020 and May 2021. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, and occupational data were collected, along with the assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness (with Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESE]), sleep quality (with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), and physical activity level (with International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ] – short version).

Results A total of 96 participants were assessed (37 with COVID-19, 59 without COVID-19). There were no differences between the groups regarding physical activity levels classified as sedentary, moderately active, or highly active (p = 0.850), or the weekly energy expenditure (p = 0.522). Infected professionals had a greater workload than non-infected ones, besides poorer sleep quality (10.46 ± 3.75 vs. 7.88 ± 3.75; p = 0.001) and excessive daytime sleepiness (10.19 ± 3.05 vs. 8.44 ± 3.85; p = 0.016).

Conclusion Based on the results, this study shows that professionals infected with COVID-19 have poorer sleep quality, associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, in contrast with non-infected professionals.
The Effects of Shift Work on the Immune System: A Narrative Review
Authors: Thorkildsen Marianne Stenbekk , Gustad Lise Tuset , Damås Jan Kristian
Published: September 2023

Working a shift work schedule has been hypothesized to have negative effects on health. One such described consequence is altered immune response and increased risk of infections. Former reviews have concluded that more knowledge is needed to determine how shift work affects the immune system. Since the last review focusing on this subject was published in 2016, new insight has emerged. We performed a search of the topic in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, identifying papers published after 2016, finding a total of 13 new studies. The articles identified showed inconsistent effect on immune cells, cytokines, circadian rhythms, self-reported infections, and vaccine response as a result of working a shift schedule. Current evidence suggests working shifts influence the immune system, however the clinical relevance and the mechanism behind this potential association remains elusive. Further studies need to include longitudinal design and objective measures of shift work and immune response.
Childhood and Adolescents Sleep Bruxism Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Senff Jordana , Bonotto Danielle Veiga , Hilgenberg-Sydney Priscila Brenner , Sebastiani Aline , Scariot Rafaela , Oda Lisa Yurie
Published: September 2023

Introduction Sleep Bruxism (SB) is a common condition in childhood that can cause multiple consequences such as abnormal tooth wear, tensional headaches, masticatory muscle pain, or fatigue. The literature reports some interventions, however the treatment for SB in children is not well-established.

Objectives A systematic review was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the treatments described for SB in children and adolescents: pharmacological and psychological treatments; behavioral guidelines; and dental approaches.

Materials and methods Randomized clinical trials comparing different SB treatments with a control group were searched in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and VHL until August 04, 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. After a two-phase selection process, 07 articles were selected. The methodology of the selected studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The criteria used to qualify the studies were based on randomization, allocation, blinding of participants and evaluators, and analysis of results.

Results The signs and symptoms of SB were reduced with pharmacotherapy (hydroxyzine/diazepam) and medicinal extracts (M. Officinalis), but with occlusal splints and physiotherapy, this improvement was not statistically significant when compared to control groups.

Conclusion Some evidence of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy (hydroxyzine/diazepam) and medicinal extracts (M. Officinalis) was found. However, this systematic review is not enough to establish a protocol for the treatment of SB. Besides, the individualized management of SB in this population should be considered, emphasizing the management of risk factors.
Forensic Evaluation of a Single Episode of a Disorder of Arousal in a Sleepwalking Defense: Cognitive Function Versus Prior Clinical History
Authors: Pressman Mark R.
Published: September 2023

Introduction The clinical diagnosis of disorders of arousal (DOA) is based primarily on a clinical history including amnesia for episodes. The presence of amnesia means the patient cannot provide direct evidence. In a forensic setting, when the defendant has been charged criminally with violent actions or sexual related assaults allegedly during sleep, a sleepwalking defense may be presented. As opposed to clinical history, the prosecution generally focuses on the single episode of alleged DOA that resulted in the criminal charges against the defendant. The prosecution will argue that this episode of complex behavior was not consistent with a DOA. A past history of purported episodes is not proof that a recent single episode must be a DOA. However, most sleepwalking defenses rely heavily on standard clinical evaluations despite the fact they have no direct connection with the current criminally charged episode.

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) General Diagnostic Criteria C for DOAs that states “limited or no associated cognition” should be present. Recent real time studies of DOAs have shown that during DOA episodes the prefrontal cortex (PRC) is deactivated while the motor cortex remains active.

Conclusion The PFC is the location of almost all executive functions including inhibition, planning, memory, and many others. Thus, when the PFC is deactivated, these higher cognitive functions are not available. The presence of higher cognitive functions during an alleged episode of DOA would be inconsistent with a deactivated PFC and thus inconsistent with generally accepted brain activity during a NREM parasomnia. This would be direct evidence that the episode could not be a DOA but occurred during wakefulness.

Clinical trial No.
Delayed Primary Repair of Complex Duodenal Injury Associated to Multiorgan Failure Due to Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Aceves-Ayala José Miguel , Noriega-Velásquez Allan Josué , Briceño-Fuentes Alberto , Ortiz-Orozco Cesar Alberto , Rojas-Solís Pablo Francisco , Rivas-Quezada Pedro Xavier , Bautista-López Carlos Alfredo
Published: September 2023

Duodenal injuries are rare and difficult to diagnose, with an incidence between 1 and 5% in cases of abdominal trauma. We present the case of a 30-year-old man who suffered a motorcycle collision presented with a 24-hour history of abdominal pain, peritoneal tenderness, and hemodynamic instability. Imaging studies show evidence of free fluid in the perihepatic, perisplenic, and pelvic space. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a grade III duodenal, grade V jejunal, and grade II pancreatic injuries. The basis of surgical treatment being a primary anastomosis of duodenal and jejunal injuries, which allowed discharging him home 8 days after surgery and without any complications in his follow-up.
Experiment and simulation of electron density distribution in discharge plasma at hypersonic speed
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Jia , Luo Cheng , Dang Mengjia , Lin Mengjiao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2023

Pulsed discharge can generate high density and high dynamic plasma, which has promising application prospects in the field of stealth technology for high-speed aircraft. To study the evolution process of pulsed discharge plasma jet in a hypersonic flow field, the pulsed discharge experiment was performed in a hypersonic wind tunnel with 8 M in this paper. The plasma evolution process and electron density were measured by a high-speed schlieren device and spectrum acquisition system. A shock wave appeared after the blast wave generated by the discharge interacted with the external flow field. In the region below the shock wave, the plasma jet flowed downstream and produced a plasma layer. The electron density of the jet increases with the injected energy, and the peak density reaches 5.28 × 1015 cm−3. Due to the limitations of experimental measurements, based on the Navier–Stokes equations and the air dissociation and ionization model, including 11 components and 20 chemical reactions, a simulation for the experimental process was performed. At the injected energy of 495 and 880 mJ, the difference between the simulated electron density and the experimental value is 16.09% and 15.34%, respectively. The thickness of the plasma layer initially increases and then decreases over time, with higher injected energy leading to a thicker layer. Specifically, when 880 mJ of energy is injected, the plasma layer can reach a maximum thickness of 6.69 cm. The collision frequency fluctuates around 1 GHz, and the collision frequency at the upper edge of the plasma layer is large.
On the thermal conductivity anisotropy in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Tran Dat Q. , Paskova Tania , Darakchieva Vanya , Paskov Plamen P.
Published: September 2023

GaN-based power devices operating at high currents and high voltages are critically affected by the dissipation of Joule heat generated in the active regions. Consequently, knowledge of GaN thermal conductivity is crucial for effective thermal management, needed to ensure optimal device performance and reliability. Here, we present a study on the thermal conductivity of bulk GaN in crystallographic directions parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. Thermal conductivity measurements are performed using the transient thermoreflectance technique. The experimental results are compared with a theoretical calculation based on a solution of the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation and taking into account the exact phonon dispersion. All factors that determine the thermal conductivity anisotropy are analyzed, and the experimentally observed small anisotropy factor is explained.
Environmental consequences of a consumer shift from dairy- to soy-based products
Authors: Simmons Aaron T. , Brandão Miguel , Ritchie Zita , Roth Guy
Published: September 2023

Context Climate change and water scarcity are global challenges facing humanity. Animal agriculture generates considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consumes large volumes of water from rivers, streams and lakes. Reducing consumption of animal agricultural products with a relatively high carbon or water footprint, such as dairy, is often promoted as a mechanism to reduce the environmental impacts of food production. Attributionally-based footprints do not, however, assess the consequences of a change in demand for a product. Aims This study aimed to assess the water and climate change consequences of replacing NSW dairy production, and co-products of dairy production, with plant-based alternatives. Methods Process-based consequential life cycle assessment was used. Key results Water savings associated with the change would be limited and GHG emissions reductions would be ~86% of that as estimated by the carbon footprint of production. When NSW dairy production was replaced with soy-based alternatives and two GHG emissions reduction strategies were implemented across the industry, namely enteric methane inhibitors and flaring methane from effluent ponds, GHG emissions increased by 0.63 Mt carbon dioxide equivalent when dairy production was replaced. Conclusions The environmental benefits associated with replacing NSW dairy production with plant-based alternatives should not be determined by attributionally-based approaches. Implications Policies that aim to reduce the environmental impacts of agricultural production need to consider the market effects of a change in demand for products and not rely on estimated impacts of current production.
A review of inorganic contaminants in Australian marine mammals, birds and turtles
Authors: Jarolimek Chad V. , King Josh J. , Apte Simon C. , Hall Jane , Gautam Anil , Gillmore Megan , Doyle Christopher
Published: September 2023

Environmental context Metal concentrations can build up to potentially harmful levels in marine mammals as they are at the top of the food chain. This review summarises the information available on metal concentrations in marine mammals, birds and turtles from around Australia. Despite large data gaps, the available data suggest that metal concentrations are similar to those encountered in other regions of the world. Abstract A comprehensive compilation of the published data for trace element concentrations (metals and metalloids) in Australian marine mammals, birds and turtles is presented. The majority of studies have relied on the utilisation of opportunistically collected samples, animal strandings and bycatch. This has resulted in large gaps in geographical, temporal and species coverage data. For instance, little or no data are available for cetaceans in New South Wales or the Northern Territory, and out of 14 endemic species of dolphins, data only exist for seven species. The aforementioned data gaps make it hard to identify statistically significant trends, a problem compounded by data being reported in the form of ranges without raw data. Trace element concentrations measured in various marine species and their tissue types are extremely variable, with ranges typically spanning several orders of magnitude, but are generally comparable with international data. Trends in contaminant concentrations with tissue type follow generally accepted patterns of behaviour for higher organisms, with the highest mercury concentrations in liver and cadmium in kidney tissues. Herbivores have lower contaminant loadings than carnivores, reflecting the importance of diet, and there are identifiable age-related trends for elements such as mercury. The lack of supporting pathology on dead and stranded animals and data on specimens from uncontaminated locations restrict conclusions on organism health impacts. There have been some attempts to use non-invasive sampling of indicator tissues such as fur, bristle and feathers. However, it is currently difficult to extrapolate these data to estimate contaminant concentrations in major organs. Recommendations for future investigations are made.
Pyrolysis–catalysis upcycling of waste plastic using a multilayer stainless-steel catalyst toward a circular economy
Authors: Liu Qingyu , Jiang Dongyang , Zhou Hui , Yuan Xiangzhou , Wu Chunfei , Hu Changsong , Luque Rafael , Wang Shurong , Chu Sheng , Xiao Rui , Zhang Huiyan
Published: September 2023

Current un-sustainable plastic management is exacerbating plastic pollution, an urgent shift is thus needed to create a recycling society. Such recovering carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) from waste plastic has been considered as one practical route to achieve a circular economy. Here, we performed a simple pyrolysis-catalysis deconstruction of waste plastic via a monolithic multilayer stainless-steel mesh catalyst to produce multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and H
2
, which are important carbon material and energy carrier to achieve sustainable development. Results revealed that the C and H recovery efficiencies were as high as 86% and 70%, respectively. The unique oxidation-reduction process and improvement of surface roughness led to efficient exposure of active sites, which increased MWCNTs by suppressing macromolecule hydrocarbons. The C recovery efficiency declined by only 5% after 10 cycles, proving the long-term employment of the catalyst. This catalyst can efficiently convert aromatics to MWCNTs by the vapor–solid–solid mechanism and demonstrate good universality in processing different kinds of waste plastics. The produced MWCNTs showed potential in applications of lithium-ion batteries and telecommunication. Owing to the economic profits and environmental benefits of the developed route, we highlighted its potential as a promising alternative to conventional incineration, simultaneously achieving the waste-to-resource strategy and circular economy.
The pragmatic and rhetorical function of perfect doubling in the work of D. V. Coornhert
Authors: van de Poppe Cora , Wall Joanna
Published: September 2023

The Early Modern Dutch writer D. V. Coornhert (1522–1590) was an influential figure in the key religious and
linguistic developments of his times. Bringing together these two facets and combining both a linguistic (pragmatics/discourse
studies and semantics) and a literary studies (rhetoric) approach, this intra-author variation study examines Coornhert’s use of
have-doubling constructions (e.g., have had written) alongside simple perfects (e.g.,
have written). At the macro-level, we show that have-doubling was restricted to Coornhert’s
argumentative and predominantly moral – theological prose. At the micro-level, we then firstly link Coornhert’s
have-doubling to the well-studied double perfect of modern German which has been proposed to signal the
absence of current relevance and have emphasis functions. Secondly, connecting these observations with the pragmatics of verb –
tense variation, this article proposes that have-doubling parallels the historical present in functioning as a
stance marker/evaluative device in Coornhert’s moral – theological prose.
Engaging lower proficiency learners of Spanish in collaborative writing tasks
Authors: Payant Caroline , Reagan Derek
Published: September 2023

This study examines the influence of task complexity on collaborative dialogue and written texts with lower proficiency learners of Spanish. English-speaking students of Spanish from two intact classrooms (N = 24) were assigned to a simple or a complex writing group. In dyads, learners completed two information-exchange tasks that differed in complexity and produced two collaborative texts, on two separate days. Interactions produced during the writing tasks were transcribed and coded for collaborative dialogue, operationalized as language-related episodes. Written texts were rated holistically for originality, engageability, and quality. Results show that collaborative dialogue about lexis was most frequent, regardless of the task complexity. Further, increases in task complexity appeared to have influenced opportunities for collaborative dialogue and for the production of more engaging texts. Results are discussed in light of current scholarship on collaborative writing and insights are offered on the value of implementing writing tasks with lower proficiency learners.
Variations in opening and closing forms in email correspondence in Danish
and Swedish
Authors: Thode Hougaard Tina , Skafte Jensen Eva , Rathje Marianne , White Jonathan , Wide Camilla
Published: September 2023

In this study, we investigate how differences and
similarities in opening and closing greetings in professional emails in
academia manifest themselves in Danish and Swedish. Our data consist of a
corpus of 595 emails (primary data) and two surveys with 1836 respondents
(supportive data). An important result is that cultural values, e.g., ideals
of equality, in both language areas are expressed through similar linguistic
means, but that due to different historical developments, the specific
encoding is not identical. Another result is that there is a much larger
variety in closing greetings than in opening greetings in both languages,
which can be derived from the communication situation where openings and
closings and the elements within these serve different purposes.
Address forms in academic discourse in Indian English
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Suryanarayan Neelakshi
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the impact of culture and identity
on discursive practices. It focuses on the use of address forms by Indian
bilinguals (speakers of Indian English and Hindi) in a university setting.
Our aims are to define the set of address forms used in an academic setting
by Indian bilinguals and to find socio-cognitive reasons for their choice in
different contexts. The data were collected through open-ended
questionnaires supplemented by observations, and interviews. Our results
show a strong impact of the cultural background of Indian speakers of
English on forms of address and their usage and demonstrate exceptional
linguistic creativity of Indian bilinguals in inventing hybrid terms
combining English and Hindi. We attempt to explain our findings by using an
interdisciplinary approach drawing on contrastive analysis, discourse
analysis, politeness theory, translanguaging and cultural studies. Our
findings provide evidence of the convergence of English and Hindi which
results in Indianisation of English in the Indian context.
Forms of address in courtroom discourse in Englishes of the “Inner Circle”
Authors: Ozyumenko Vladimir I.
Published: September 2023

Being a pluricentric language, English exists in
different varieties that have their culture-specific features at all levels
of language and its functioning. This study focuses on legal English and
explores forms of address and terms of reference to judges of different
levels in the Englishes of the “inner circle” (Kachru 1988: 5) in a courtroom setting. The data
were taken from legal documents, dictionaries, British and American corpora,
some secondary sources and were studied within the framework of comparative
semantic, pragmatic, discourse and cultural analysis. The findings show (1)
noticeable variations in forms of address and reference to judges and their
functioning; (2) excessive hierarchy and formality in British English, and
more democratic patterns of addressing judges in other varieties. The study
gives new data illustrating that lexical and discursive variability observed
in the legal sphere contributes to the formation of language varieties and
can be considered among their constituent elements.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of monkeypox 2022 outbreak with the environment effects using a Cpauto fractional derivative
Authors: Li Changtong , Samreen  , Ullah Saif , Nawaz Rashid , AlQahtani Salman A , Li Shuo
Published: September 2023

Monkeypox is a serious global challenge to human health after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this infection is not new, still many variations have been noticed in its epidemiology. Numerous approaches have been applied to analyze the dynamics of this infection. In this study, we present a mathematical model to study various epidemiological aspects of monkeypox. Transmission from human to animal, human to human, and through the environment (surface) are considered while formulating the proposed model. The model is constructed based on a classical system of seven nonlinear differential equations. Further, the classical epidemic model is reconstructed using the standard Caputo derivative to examine the dynamical aspects of monkeypox disease in the presence of memory effects. Initially, the necessary mathematical properties of the fractional model are carried out. The model exhibits three equilibrium points: monkeypox-free equilibrium, infected animal-free endemic equilibrium, and coexistence equilibrium. Additionally, we give a thorough theoretical analysis that considers solution positivity and stability results of equilibriums of the Caputo monkeypox model. Furthermore, the parameters of the proposed model are estimated using the nonlinear least square method from the reported cases of monkeypox in the United States in a recent outbreak in 2022. Finally, the numerical solution of the model is carried out using the well-known Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme and simulation is performed to explore the role of memory index and various preventing measures on the disease incidence.
Physically meaningful parameters of viscoelastic models based on the general functional form of the transfer functions
Authors: Suda Makoto , Nagahama Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

Viscoelastic models aim to characterize material properties by extracting the parameters that best describe observed deformations. However, due to the equivalence of various model structures, the conventional model parameters as constants assigned to each model element cannot be uniquely determined for a given deformation and, therefore, are unfit to represent material properties. To resolve this problem, we formulate the framework of viscoelastic models based on their transfer functions. We explicitly derive the functional form of the transfer functions of viscoelastic models and show that a set of parameters is uniquely determined for each equivalent set of viscoelastic models. The newly identified parameters correspond to the instantaneous modulus and the distribution of the characteristic time scales of the system, and based on this perspective, we show that the differentiation order of a fractional viscoelastic element, spring-pot, is determined solely by the recursive nature of the characteristic time scales of the system. Furthermore, we show that all viscoelastic models are equivalent to four canonical model structures.
Structural properties and hydrogen evolution reactions of predicted two-dimensional V
n
C
n
(n = 2, 3, 6) with first-principles calculations
Authors: Xue Bo , Xing Haowen , Zhao Wenxiu , Xie Jiawei , Zeng Qingfeng , Yu Shuyin , Su Kehe
Published: September 2023

Developing stable, conductive and effective nonprecious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is critical to the future of the hydrogen economy. The possible structures of the two dimensional V
n
C
n
were searched with the evolutionary algorithm associated with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. V
n
C
n
(n = 2, 3, 6) were found stable and the structures were refined with the DFT-PBE approaches at higher computational accuracies. Their thermal, dynamical and mechanical stabilities were confirmed theoretically with the same method. The electronic and the HER catalytic properties of these structures were investigated. All the structures exhibit metallicity, which is favorable to support adsorbing hydrogen atoms and transferring charges during HER. The Gibbs free energy of HER reactions support that the 2D V
n
C
n
(n = 3, 6) possess the catalytic ability of HER.
Integrated programmable controlled phase gate design for quantum information processing
Authors: Başay Yalın , Kocaman Serdar
Published: September 2023

An integrated programmable controlled-phase (CPHASE) gate has been proposed for quantum information processing applications. This gate can introduce arbitrary phase difference to the target qubit in the case of the control qubit being in the state of |1〉. As the desired phase difference can be utilized after fabrication, unlike the conventional controlled-phase gates that provide hard-coded phase shift, such an integrated gate is expected to pave the way for more versatile operations of current integrated optical circuits as well as possible new applications.
Riccati equations of opposite torsions from the Lie-Darboux method for spatial curves and possible applications
Authors: Lemus-Basilio Paola , Rosu Haret C
Published: September 2023

A novel formulation of the Lie-Darboux method of obtaining the Riccati equations for the spatial curves in Euclidean three-dimensional space is presented. It leads to two Riccati equations that differ by the sign of torsion. The case of cylindrical helices is used as an illustrative example. Possible applications in Physics are suggested.
Exact solutions and dynamic properties of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with law of four powers of nonlinearity
Authors: Li Fan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we analyze the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with law of four powers of nonlinearity by using the complete discrimination system for polynomial method and establish the exact solutions of this equation. As the model is visualised under specific parameters, we give two-dimensional diagrams of the exact solutions to demonstrate the existence of the solutions. In addition, we also establish the dynamic properties of the equation and give the Hamiltonian and topological properties of the equation.
An efficient scheme for solving nonlinear generalized kuramoto-sivashinksy processes
Authors: Mahmood Bewar A , Tahir Shko A , Jwamer Karwan H F
Published: September 2023

In this work, we investigate the numerical solution of generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinksy (GKS) problems based on the collocation of the quantic B-spline (QBS) and high-order strong stability-preserving Runge–Kutta (SSPRK54) scheme. When considering nonlinear parts that lose real features, we address the issue without resorting to any transformations or linearization. The efficiency and accuracy of our proposed technique are evaluated using a variety of illustrative examples. The numerical results show that our approach captured the natural behaviour of the problems well and consumed less storage space.
Finding relative negative ions concentration in dc glow discharges during undergraduate laboratory work
Authors: Lisovskiy V , Dudin S , Yegorenkov V
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present a laboratory work implementing a simple method for finding the relative concentration of negative ions in the plasma of a contracted positive column of DC glow discharge. With this method, university students can study processes in gas discharge plasmas in technological gases during their undergraduate laboratory work. The method is based on measuring the positive column radius after the glow discharge transition from a diffuse to a contracted mode. The basics of the physical processes in electronegative plasma and conditions of the positive column contraction are discussed in the paper as well as the practical implementation of the proposed technique. We describe our experimental setup and conditions, and present the experimental data illustrating the method capabilities. Values of the relative concentration of negative ions found with the offered method reasonably agree with other authors’ data obtained by widely accepted diagnostic techniques.
A metasurface-based direct-reading linear polarization analyzer
Authors: Feng Junlang , Shou Haijun , Lv Huanchang , Zhang Jingwei , Mei Zhonglei
Published: September 2023

Polarization state is one of the fundamental properties of electromagnetic (EM) wave, which has been widely investigated in fields of information encryption, remote sensing and multifunctional devices etc The existing methods for polarization detection are generally based on the measurement of Stokes parameters or the amplitude and phase difference between orthogonal components or polarization-dependent imaging. However, they generally requires post-possessing process to identify the polarization state or suffer from the shortcomings of limited detection states, which results in less intuitiveness and limited practical values of those methods. Here, we proposed a metasurface-based and direct-reading linear polarization analyzer, which could reveal the polarization angle of linearly incident plane wave in imaging way by utilizing geometric phase effect. Different linear polarization angles lead to the different positions of the brightest spot, and the polarization state of incident wave could be directly read out by comparing the position of the brightest spot and the index of reference spots above. Besides, this method could be generalized to simplify the process of detecting arbitrary polarization states, with which only the intensity ratio between orthogonal circularly polarized components needs to be measured. Moreover, a digital linear polarization analyzer is designed based on the similar method, which helps to reveal the linear polarization angle digitally and is much more straightforward for linear polarization detection. The proposed direct-reading linear polarization analyzer has the potential of being applied in fields of smart sensing and the development of human-computer interaction system etc.
General fluctuation-dissipation relations embedded in Markov switching diffusion processes
Authors: Wang Jiazeng , Ma Shu
Published: September 2023

We present an integral theory for the fluctuation-dissipation relations embedded in Markov switching diffusion processes, which mimic the fluctuations induced simultaneously by noise originating from different time-scale levels. The formulas for the extended Einstein’s relation in terms of second-order moments, as well as the auto and cross spectra are derived. Several universal properties for two types of fluctuations are proved: The thermally induced one remains globally constant for isothermal systems and its spectrum is Lorentzian; the fluctuation induced by the switching noise has distinctive scaling laws that are embedded in the auto and cross spectra.
AC magnetic trap for cold paramagnetic molecules
Authors: Li Shengqiang , Lin Jing , Zhang Nannan , Chen Xue
Published: September 2023

Strong-field-seeking states are the lowest-energy configurations for paramagnetic molecules in the magnetic field. Molecules in strong-field-seeking states cannot be trapped in a magnetostatic field because a magnetostatic maximum in free space is not allowed. In this paper, we propose an AC magnetic trap composed of two pairs of Helmholtz coils. The spatial magnetic field distribution is numerically calculated and the time-sequential control is depicted. We investigate the influence of the switching frequency and the electric current in the coils on the performance of our trap. Variations of the location and phase-space distribution during a whole switching cycle are simulated. Finally, we study the impact of time during which the field is switched off on the number of captured molecules in a switching cycle.
Real-time low latency estimation of brain rhythms with deep neural networks
Authors: Semenkov Ilia , Fedosov Nikita , Makarov Ilya , Ossadtchi Alexei
Published: September 2023

Objective. Neurofeedback and brain-computer interfacing technology open the exciting opportunity for establishing interactive closed-loop real-time communication with the human brain. This requires interpreting brain’s rhythmic activity and generating timely feedback to the brain. Lower delay between neuronal events and the appropriate feedback increases the efficacy of such interaction. Novel more efficient approaches capable of tracking brain rhythm’s phase and envelope are needed for scenarios that entail instantaneous interaction with the brain circuits. Approach. Isolating narrow-band signals incurs fundamental delays. To some extent they can be compensated using forecasting models. Given the high quality of modern time series forecasting neural networks we explored their utility for low-latency extraction of brain rhythm parameters. We tested five neural networks with conceptually distinct architectures in forecasting synthetic EEG rhythms. The strongest architecture was then trained to simultaneously filter and forecast EEG data. We compared it against the state-of-the-art techniques using synthetic and real data from 25 subjects. Main results. The temporal convolutional network (TCN) remained the strongest forecasting model that achieved in the majority of testing scenarios

>

90% rhythm’s envelope correlation with

<

10 ms effective delay and

<

20

∘

circular standard deviation of phase estimates. It also remained stable enough to noise level perturbations. Trained to filter and predict the TCN outperformed the cFIR, the Kalman filter based state-space estimation technique and remained on par with the larger Conv-TasNet architecture. Significance. Here we have for the first time demonstrated the utility of the neural network approach for low-latency narrow-band filtering of brain activity signals. Our proposed approach coupled with efficient implementation enhances the effectiveness of brain-state dependent paradigms across various applications. Moreover, our framework for forecasting EEG signals holds promise for investigating the predictability of brain activity, providing valuable insights into the fundamental questions surrounding the functional organization and hierarchical information processing properties of the brain.