bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surrogate Modeling for Drive Co‐Simulation Including Local Irreversible Demagnetization Knowledge
Authors: Henneron T. , Tomezyk J. , Semail E.
Published: January 2025

In order to survey possible local demagnetization of permanent magnet drives during transient operations and/or faulty functioning in case of multi‐phase drives, co‐simulation including converter, vector control, and finite element model could be investigated. Nevertheless, expensive simulation time limits practically this solution. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a surrogate model of an electrical machine taking into account locally the irreversible demagnetization effect. In case of a multi‐phase machine working in transient operations and irreversible demagnetization, the proposed surrogate model gives large benefit in computational time in comparison with an finite element approach.
Interplay Among Recent Trends in Climate Extremes, Vegetation Phenology, and Crop Production in the Southern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Mirgol Behnam , Dieppois Bastien , Northey Jessica , Jarlan Lionel , Khabba Saïd , Le Page Michel , Eden Jonathan , Ekolu Job , El Hazdour Ikram , Mahe Gil
Published: January 2025

The southern Mediterranean region is among the most vulnerable areas to climate change globally. However, in this region, there is a need to further understand the complex interactions between climate, vegetation, and crops to fully assess the combined impacts of extreme climate events on the agricultural sector. Using daily Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, we evaluated trends across 15 vegetation phenology indicators between 1982 and 2019 and analysed their links to land‐use land‐cover changes. We found significant increases in the maximum value of NDVI (MaxV), length of growing seasons (LengthGS), and duration from crop emergence to anthesis (BMaxT), particularly within croplands. These changes positively correlated with regional crop production, especially in coastal and interior plains where croplands and forests are expanding. Conversely, southern areas bordering the Sahara showed declining MaxV and an expansion of sparsely vegetated areas. We then conducted a comprehensive seasonal trend analysis of climatic stresses and discussed how they align with recent trends in key phenological indicators. Coastal and interior plains experienced wetter conditions throughout the year, ensuring sufficient water during the growing season. Meanwhile, areas bordering the Sahara had wetter autumns and winters but drier springs and summers. Additionally, the region experienced warmer conditions from spring to autumn, with fewer cold wave events. Analysing the frequency and duration of compound extreme events, we observed a trend toward more light to moderate dry/hot days in spring and autumn and light to extreme wet/hot days from summer to autumn. These conditions are significantly correlated with increased MaxV, improved crop productivity, and extended LengthGS and BMaxT. These findings may serve as early indicators of how future climate changes could impact crop production, highlighting regional risks and opportunities to guide informed decision‐making and development of adaptive strategies in the southern Mediterranean region.
Association between enteral carboxymethyllysine intake and daily glycemic variability in critically ill adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Doola Ra'eesa , Griffin Alison , Forbes Josephine M. , Kruger Peter S. , Deane Adam M. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , White Kyle C.
Published: January 2025

Background

Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) can enter patients' circulation through exogenous sources, such as enteral nutrition formulae. Circulating AGEs, specifically carboxymethyllysine, can promote insulin resistance and activation of pro‐inflammatory pathways leading to oxidative stress, cell death, and organ failure. Suboptimal kidney function increases the risk of elevated circulating AGEs because levels are controlled through urinary excretion. Our aim was to determine associations between carboxymethyllysine intake and glycemic control as well as clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and explore these in the subset of patients with an acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Patients were eligible if they were ≥18 years and received enteral nutrition, with known carboxymethyllysine content, for ≥3 days. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted associations.

Results

Between 2015 and 2021, 2636 patients met the eligibility criteria, with 848 (32%) patients having an AKI. Most were male (n = 1752, 67%) with a median (interquartile range) Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation III score of 59 (45–77). For every 10‐μmol increase in carboxymethyllysine provision, mean blood glucose increased by 0.05 mmol (95% CI, 0.03–0.07), and the odds of dying increased by 16% (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06–1.27). A subgroup analysis indicated these associations persisted in patients with AKI but not in those without.

Conclusion

Carboxymethyllysine intake was associated with increased mean blood glucose and odds of dying in our study cohort.
CTCs Detection Methods In Vivo and In Vitro and Their Application in Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Sui Xiujie , Ji Jiahao , Zhang Hongyi
Published: January 2025

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor site and enter the bloodstream. They hold significant value for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors. CTC detection methods can be classified into in vivo and in vitro techniques. Compared to traditional tumor detection methods, CTC detection causes less harm to the body and allows for earlier identification of malignant tumors, thereby enabling timely treatment and improving patient survival rates. In recent years, CTC detection has been widely used to assess the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy. Dynamic monitoring of CTCs can help optimize clinical treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest in vivo and in vitro detection methods for CTCs and discusses their applications in immunotherapy for various common tumors, aiming to provide better guidance and support for clinical practice.
Explorative Study of Modulatory Effects of Notochordal Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the IL‐1β‐Induced Catabolic Cascade in Nucleus Pulposus Cell Pellets and Explants
Authors: van Maanen J. C. , Bach F. C. , Snuggs J. W. , Ito K. , Wauben M. H. M. , Le Maitre C. L. , Tryfonidou M. A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Cell‐free regenerative strategies, such as notochordal cell (NC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), are an attractive alternative in developing new therapies for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. NC‐EVs have been reported to elicit matrix anabolic effects on nucleus pulposus cells from degenerated IVDs cultured under basal conditions. However, the degenerative process is exacerbated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines contributing to the vicious degenerative cycle. Therefore, this study explores whether NC‐EVs modulate interleukin (IL)‐1β‐mediated pro‐inflammatory responses in the degenerating disc.

Methods

This study utilized two IL‐1β induced pro‐catabolic culture models; a dog 3D nucleus pulposus (NP) cell pellet culture and a human patient‐derived, ex vivo NP tissue culture system. Porcine NC‐EVs were generated from NC‐conditioned medium by differential centrifugation followed by size exclusion chromatography. Donor matched EV‐depleted media were generated by overnight ultracentrifugation, whereafter the EV‐depleted NCCM supernatant was subjected to size exclusion chromatography. To investigate whether observed effects were EV‐associated, NC‐EVs conditions were compared to EV‐depleted controls in the absence and presence of IL‐1β.

Results

The size and concentration of NC‐EVs were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, which showed minimal donor variation and confirmed depletion of EVs in the EV‐depleted media. In the IL‐1β‐induced catabolic cascade, the NC‐EVs did not elicit anabolic effects at the matrix level nor did they rescue the pro‐catabolic phenotype within dog pellets. Modification of the CCL2 secretion seemed to be context dependent in the human explants: where EVs treatment stimulated CCL2 secretion but in the presence of IL‐1β this effect was counteracted. Secretion of IL‐6 and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 was significantly decreased in NC‐EV + IL‐1β vs. control+IL‐1β but not compared to EV‐depleted human explant controls. Altogether, this data provides evidence for a protective modulatory role of NC‐EVs. Considering the homeostatic function EVs exert, inherently encompassing subtle biologic modifications, the current study may have lacked sufficient power to demonstrate statistical significance in a sample set with evident donor variation.

Conclusions

NC‐EVs may modulate the production of specific cytokines and chemokines in human degenerate explants when the key pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β is present. Implementation of the technical EV‐depleted controls in further studies is essential to robustly demonstrate that these effects are EV‐mediated and not associated with other secreted factors co‐isolated during EV‐isolation.
Ultrasound Predicts Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Jones Samuel E. , Aw Natalie , Acord Molly , Miller Sarah , Sidelnikov Danielle , Haft Sunny J. , Restaino Stephen M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Ultrasound is a promising low‐risk imaging modality that can provide objective airway measurements that may circumvent limitations of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). This study was devised to identify ultrasound‐derived anatomical measurements that could accurately predict collapse pattern and location based on the VOTE criteria (VOTE: Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue, and Epiglottis).

Methods

Ultrasonography was performed on 20 adult patients of various airway subsites while awake and sedated with concurrent endoscopy performed during drug‐induced sleep. Measurements were obtained from the ultrasonographic images, and percent collapse (Pc) was estimated then graded using a standard VOTE score. Generalized Least Squares regression (GLS) was used to establish models predictive of Pc on a continuous scale, while multiple machine learning (ML) models were trained to predict each VOTE score (binary, >50% collapse) from ultrasound measurements.

Results

Measurements of multiple ultrasonographic airway subsites demonstrated associations with endoscopic collapse using Kendall Tau correlation. The GLS models showed moderate to strong correlation between multiple ultrasound features and Pc (R2adj 0.53–0.82) across all VOTE subsites. ML models accurately predicted binarized VOTE scores from ultrasound measurements in four out of five VOTE subsites (F1 score >0.65), while the VOTE subsite with the most accurately predicted collapse was lateral velum collapse with an F1 score of 0.93 averaged across all models.

Conclusions

Ultrasound is a reliable imaging modality and can identify features of airway collapse during drug‐induced sleep. Regression (GLS) and ML models show promise in predicting severity of collapse during DISE with analysis of airway ultrasonographic measurements.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Brain Age as a New Measure of Disease Stratification in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Abeyasinghe Pubu M. , Cole James H. , Razi Adeel , Poudel Govinda R. , Paulsen Jane S. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Long Jeffrey D. , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite advancements in understanding Huntington's disease (HD) over the past two decades, absence of disease‐modifying treatments remains a challenge. Accurately characterizing progression states is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions. Various factors contribute to this challenge, including the need for precise methods that can account for the complex nature of HD progression.

Objective

This study aims to address this gap by leveraging the concept of the brain's biological age as a foundation for a data‐driven clustering method to delineate various states of progression. Brain‐predicted age, influenced by somatic expansion and its impact on brain volumes, offers a promising avenue for stratification by stratifying subgroups and determining the optimal timing for interventions.

Methods

To achieve this, data from 953 participants across diverse cohorts, including PREDICT‐HD, TRACK‐HD, and IMAGE‐HD, were meticulously analyzed. Brain‐predicted age was computed using sophisticated algorithms, and participants were categorized into four groups based on CAG and age product score. Unsupervised k‐means clustering with brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD) was then employed to identify distinct progression states.

Results

The analysis revealed significant disparities in brain‐predicted age between HD participants and controls, with these differences becoming more pronounced as the disease progressed. Brain‐PAD demonstrated a correlation with disease severity, effectively identifying five distinct progression states characterized by significant longitudinal disparities.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential of brain‐PAD in capturing HD progression states, thereby enhancing prognostic methodologies and providing valuable insights for future clinical trial designs and interventions. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Novel De Novo Intronic Variant of SYNGAP1 Associated With the Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Xie Wuming , Liao Baoqiong , Shuai Mei , Liu Rutian , Hong Min , He Shuwen
Published: January 2025

Background

SYNGAP1 encodes a Ras/Rap GTPase‐activating protein that is predominantly expressed in the brain with the functional roles in regulating synaptic plasticity, spine morphogenesis, and cognition function. Pathogenic variants in SYNGAP1 have been associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, hypotonia, and the features of autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to identify a novel SYNGAP1 gene variant linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and to evaluate the pathogenicity of the detected variant.

Methods

A novel de novo intronic variant in SYNGAP1 was identified by Whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Minigene assays were conducted to assess whether the intronic variant in SYNGAP1 influenced the normal splicing of mRNA.

Results

A novel de novo intronic variant in SYNGAP1 (c.3582+2T>G) was indentified with clinical features suggestive of neurodevelopmental related disorders. Minigene splicing analysis demonstrated that this noncanonical splice site variant led to the activation of a cryptic acceptor splice site. Consequently, 101 base pairs of intron 16 were aberrantly retained in the mRNA, leading to a frameshift. This frameshift resulted in the introduction of a premature stop codon (TGA) in the coding sequence and the production of a truncated SYNGAP1 protein, potentially leding to loss of function and subsequent disruption of its biological roles.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the significance of de novo pathogenic SYNGAP1 variants at the intron 16/exon 17 junction in the SYNGAP1‐related neurodevelopmental disorders, providing novel insights into the genetic basis and diagnosis of these disabilities.
Addressing System Challenges in Mental Health Services Research for Youth in the Child Welfare System: Insights From the Foster Care Family Navigator Trial
Authors: Tolou‐Shams Marina , Ramaiya Megan , Salas Jannet L. , Aguilera Adrian , Shumway Martha , Borsari Brian , Dauria Emily , Berrick Jill D.
Published: January 2025

Child welfare‐involved (CWI) youth have high rates of unaddressed mental health needs, and system‐level barriers (e.g., inadequate coordination between child welfare agencies and other systems designed to serve CWI youth) are one major reason why disparities in mental health services' access continue to persist for CWI youth. This Research Note aims to inform the mental health services field about system‐level challenges to conducting real‐world, health services research with CWI youth and their families. We present challenges experienced in conducting our NIMH‐funded Foster Care Family Navigator (FCFN) trial focused on development and preliminary testing of a clinic‐embedded navigation intervention designed to improve detection of foster care youth services need, linkage to and engagement in community‐based mental health services. Systems‐level challenges that impacted proposed research trial design and data collection included: (1) Limited system staff time and compensation processes; (2) Staff training and knowledge; and (3) System disruptions. Health services research geared toward increasing access to mental health services to CWI youth must incorporate multiple complex design considerations prior to intervention development and delivery including longer (than 12 months) intervention development phases, detailed contingency plans for intervention delivery and integrated tailored, ongoing support and training for staff with existing clinic workflows. In this way, structural challenges to access to care that researchers are trying to ameliorate for CWI and other underserved, minoritized populations are not being inadvertently perpetuated through research study designs.
Lomitapide: Targeting METTL3 to Overcome Osimertinib Resistance in NSCLC Through Autophagy Activation
Authors: Du Xiaohui , Zhang Congcong , Li Ying , He Peipei , Wang Jian , Chen Xuena , Wang Han , Wang Qi
Published: January 2025

Osimertinib resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are closely linked to various mechanisms of anticancer resistance and autophagy, offering new avenues for targeted therapies. However, the role of m6A‐mediated autophagy in osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC is still unclear. In this study, we utilized multi‐omics sequencing analysis and found that overexpression of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 contributes to osimertinib resistance in NSCLC. Importantly, we identified that METTL3 positively regulates the expression of the autophagy‐related gene ubiquinone‐cytochrome C reductase complex assembly factor 2 (UQCC2) through an m6A‐dependent mechanism. Further, we confirmed that METTL3 knockdown leads to UQCC2 downregulation and triggers autophagy activation. Interestingly, lomitapide, a cholesterol‐lowering drug, was repurposed to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapy by inhibiting METTL3, which in turn activated autophagy‐associated cell death pathways, reversing osimertinib resistance. This study emphasizes the critical role of the METTL3/UQCC2 axis in autophagy‐mediated drug resistance and positions lomitapide as a promising METTL3 inhibitor and autophagy inducer with potential therapeutic effects, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, in patients with osimertinib‐resistant NSCLC.
Non‐Newtonian Fluid Mold Flux: From Fundamental Research to Industrial Application
Authors: Cui Yiwei , Gao Sheng , Han Baochen , Zheng Yaxu , Guo Zhihong , Yuan Zhipeng , Zhu Liguang
Published: January 2025

The development of high‐speed continuous casting has significantly enhanced the efficiency and quality of steel production. Throughout the research process, substantial advancements have been made in the study and application of non‐Newtonian fluid mold flux to better satisfy the performance requirements of high‐speed continuous casting. In this article, a comprehensive review of the working principles, performance criteria, and relevant research advancements related to non‐Newtonian fluid mold flux is offered, drawing on recent findings and the contributions of the author's team. Herein, it is proposed that future research should increasingly utilize advanced methodologies such as molecular simulation, first principles, and machine learning to further investigate mold flux. Additionally, the limitations and current application status of non‐Newtonian fluid mold flux research are evaluated. The future development trajectory of non‐Newtonian fluid mold flux is summarized and forecasted, providing valuable guidance for researchers in the field of metallurgy.
A Longitudinal Study of the Gender Gap in School Grades via Flexible Bayesian Beta Regression
Authors: Bondi Laura , Franzolini Beatrice , Palma Marco
Published: January 2025

The gender disparity in school grades, known as the grade gender gap, has become a focal point for researchers, educators, and policymakers. Despite this heightened interest, there remains a scarcity of longitudinal studies addressing this issue. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the grade gender gap in schools using longitudinal data from Rimini, Italy. A Bayesian Beta regression with splines is devised to detect gender differences across different cohorts of students and along the educational journey from primary to upper-secondary school. Our findings reveal a significant gap in favour of female students, which widens during secondary school years but diminishes in younger cohorts. These pages contain preliminary results of the extended study in [2].
Modellierung und Simulation von Mobilität und Verkehr
Authors: Weyer Johannes
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die gängigsten Simulations-Frameworks, die die Verkehrswissenschaft nutzt, um Mobilität zu verstehen und Szenarien durch Simulationsexperimente zu überprüfen. Dabei wird auch auf die Methode der agentenbasierten Modellierung (ABM) zurückgegriffen, die es erlaubt, das individuelle Mobilitätsverhalten abzubilden. Der Beitrag stellt grundlegende Prinzipien und Methoden der ABM vor und zeigt, wie die Methode genutzt wird, um Strategien der nachhaltigen Transformation zu analysieren. Er setzt sich zudem kritisch mit einer kritischen Soziologie der Simulation auseinander.
Non-additive dosage-dependent effects of TaGS3 gene editing on grain size and weight in wheat
Authors: Wang Wei , Pan Qianli , Tian Bin , Yu Zitong , Davidson Dwight , Bai Guihua , Akhunova Alina , Trick Harold , Akhunov Eduard
Published: January 2025

Key message

Loss-of-function mutations induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in the TaGS3 gene homoeologs show non-additive dosage-dependent effects on grain size and weight and have potential utility for increasing grain yield in wheat.

The grain size in cereals is one of the component traits contributing to yield. Previous studies showed that loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in GS3, encoding Gγ subunit of the multimeric G protein complex, increase grain size and weight in rice. While an association between allelic variation in the GS3 homologs of wheat and grain weight/size has been detected previously, the effects of LOF alleles at TaGS3 on these traits remain unknown. We used genome editing to create TaGS3 mutant lines with varying LOF homeo-allele dosages. Contrary to the results obtained in rice, editing all three TaGS3 homoeologous copies resulted in a significant decrease in grain length (4.4%), width (3.4%), grain area (7.3%) and weight (7.5%), without affecting the number of grains per spike. Compared to the wild type, the highest increase in grain weight (up to 9.6%) and area (up to 5.0%) was observed in homozygous mutants with one or two genomes carrying LOF homeo-alleles, suggesting non-additive suppressive effects of TaGS3 on grain size and weight in wheat. Our results suggest that the regulatory effects of GS3 homologs in wheat and rice have diverged. The newly developed LOF homeo-alleles of TaGS3 expand the set of CRISPR-Cas9-induced variants of yield component genes that have potential to increase grain weight in wheat.
ESR Essentials: imaging of common paediatric pulmonary diseases—practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology
Authors: Lovrenski Jovan , Raissaki Maria , Plut Domen , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Görkem Süreyya Burcu , Ozcan H. Nursun , Geiger Julia , Gräfe Daniel , Sileo Chiara , Caro-Dominguez Pablo , Ciet Pierluigi
Published: January 2025

Chest imaging in children presents unique challenges due to varying requirements across age groups. For chest radiographs, achieving optimal images often involves careful positioning and immobilisation techniques. Antero-posterior projections are easier to obtain in younger children, while lateral decubitus radiographs are sometimes used when expiratory images are difficult to obtain and for free air exclusion. Chest CT protocols should be age-dependent to minimise radiation exposure and motion artefacts. MRI is primarily used in specialised centres to reduce radiation exposure, requiring specific expertise and sedation in younger children. Respiratory distress syndrome is a leading cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, diagnosed through characteristic radiographic findings and a history of prematurity. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common complication of extreme preterm birth and chronic oxygen therapy; imaging is used for predicting outcomes for the assessment of severe cases. Transient tachypnoea of the newborn and meconium aspiration syndrome are common in term infants, with specific imaging characteristics aiding in their differentiation. Congenital lung malformations present diagnostic and management challenges, with imaging playing a crucial role in diagnosis and surgical planning. Finally, imaging is essential in detecting complications from pneumonia in children, such as empyema and necrotic pneumonia, or in identifying foreign object aspiration.

Clinical relevance statement

This review summarises current radiology practice of paediatric chest pathologies, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and management of neonatal and congenital pulmonary conditions and pneumonia complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes through precise imaging interpretation and targeted clinical intervention.

Key Points

Chest radiographs should be systematically assessed for pathology.

Ensure accurate differential diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases by collecting information on gestational age, method of delivery, presenting symptoms, ventilation type, and fetal ultrasound findings.

Radiographs and ultrasound are initial diagnostic tools for paediatric pulmonary disease; CT should be reserved for complex cases. Referral to paediatric hospital should be considered when the use of chest MRI is indicated.
Asymptotic behavior of bootstrapped extreme order statistics under unknown power normalizing constants
Authors: Sobh M. E. , Barakat H. M. , El-Adll Magdy E. , Aly Amany E.
Published: January 2025

Bootstrapping is a powerful statistical technique, but its reliability for analyzing extreme events with unknown power normalization remains unclear. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the asymptotic properties of bootstrapped extreme order statistics under unknown power normalizing constants. Different estimators of the power normalizing constants are considered. The consistency properties of bootstrapped extreme order statistics with the estimated power normalizing constants are investigated. An extensive simulation study is conducted to identify an optimal bootstrap sample size under power and linear normalization. This study is based on how closely the bootstrapped extreme order statistics align with their theoretical asymptotic limits.
Arbuscular and fine root-endophytic mycorrhizal fungi forage differently for nutrients in a seminatural temperate grassland
Authors: Košnar Jiří , Šmilauer Petr , Šmilauerová Marie
Published: January 2025

The acquisition of P and N from soil and their exchange for fixed C are key functions of mycorrhizal fungi in their symbiotic relationship with host plants. Additional contribution to plant nutrition is possible when hyphae proliferate into soil space not directly accessible to plant roots or when they locate nutrient-rich patches more effectively than plant roots. We performed a field-based experiment in a seminatural grassland. Community composition, diversity, and root colonisation intensity of mycorrhizal fungi was compared across different types of substrate patches (enriched or not with inorganic N, P or both), between two exposure times, and with unmanipulated soil and patches enriched with plant biomass. Beside evaluating the response of the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (G-AMF) and fine root endophytes (M-FRE), we estimated foraging speed and precision of multiple taxa within these two groups. We compared the relative abundance of both groups using molecular barcoding. While G-AMF responded in community composition and diversity to inorganic and organic N enrichment, M-FRE did not discriminate among diferentially nutrient-enriched patches. Individual taxa varied in foraging response, but G-AMF were slower and possibly more discriminatory than M-FRE in occupying patches differing in N and/or P-enrichment. Particularly two virtual taxa of the Rhizophagus irregularis morphospecies of the G-AMF grew preferentially into the N-enriched patches. We thus conclude that there exist important differences in the strategies of soil exploration for nutrients within both fungal groups.
Respiratory physiological changes post initiation of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Mohamed Basma , Kulkarni Anay , Duffy Donovan , Greenough Anne , Shetty Sandeep
Published: January 2025

To assess respiratory changes after neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) initiation in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Premature infants born less than 32 weeks gestation with evolving or established BPD initiated on invasive or non-invasive (NIV) NAVA were included. Respiratory data: PCO₂ and SpO₂/FiO₂ (S/F) ratio before and at 4, 24, 48 h post-NAVA initiation were collected. Eighty-eight infants, median GA 25.1 (range 22.7–30.3) weeks, with 191 NAVA episodes were included. Infants born < 32 weeks with evolving and established BPD showed improvements in PCO₂ and S/F ratio 48 h post-NAVA compared to prior: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.1 (4.7–13.1) kPa; p < 0.001 and 285 (118–471) versus 276 (103–471); p = 0.013, respectively. Improvements were observed in invasive NAVA: 7.6 (4.5–11.8) versus 8.5 (4.7–12.4) kPa; p = 0.001, 290 (148–471) versus 271 (103–467); p = 0.002, and NIV-NAVA: 7.5 (4.6–11.7) versus 7.9 (5.2–13.1) kPa; p = 0.001, 283 (128–471) versus 294 (114–471); p = 0.002. Severe BPD infants had reductions in PCO₂ 48 h post-initiation: 7.2 (5.6–9.7) versus 8.0 (5.4–11.7) kPa; p = 0.002, with lower FiO₂ requirements 0.37 (0.21–0.65) versus 0.43 (0.21–0.8); p = 0.011, and improved S/F ratios 263 (146–471) versus 219 (114–457); p = 0.006. On subgroup analysis, similar improvements were noted in; PCO2 levels in invasive NAVA (p = 0.011) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002), S/F ratios in invasive NAVA (p = 0.046) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.002) and FiO₂ in invasive NAVA (p = 0.034) and NIV-NAVA (p = 0.053).

Conclusion: NAVA improves CO₂ clearance and oxygenation in infants with evolving or established and severe BPD at 48 h post-initiation. In severe BPD, NAVA also reduced oxygen requirements

What is Known: • NAVA has the potential to improve CO

2

clearance and oxygenation by optimising alveolar ventilation, adapting to the infant's breathing patterns, and enhancing gas exchange.

What is New: • The beneficial effects of NAVA are sustained in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), improving carbon dioxide clearance and oxygenation at 48 hours after initiation.
Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?
Authors: Lilja Maria M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Serlachius Eva , Bhagia Jyoti , Malmberg Kerstin , Malm Christer , Lenhard Fabian , Halldner Linda
Published: January 2025

Predictors for the pharmacological effect of ADHD medication in children and adolescents are lacking. This study examined clinically relevant factors in a large (N = 638) prospective cohort reflecting real-world evidence. Children and adolescents aged 6–17 diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated at baseline and three months following ADHD medication initiation. The outcome was measured as a reduction in total SNAP-IV (Swanson Nolan and Pelham teacher and parent rating scale) score at three months compared to baseline. Outcome groups were defined as Responders (≥ 40% reduction), Intermediate Responders (≥ 20 to < 40% reduction), and Non-responders (< 20% reduction). Included independent variables were the Autism Spectrum Questionnaire (ASSQ), the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the Pediatric Side Effect Checklist (P-SEC), anthropometrics measures, geographical region, relative age, Children´s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Intelligence quotient (IQ), pharmacological treatment initiation month, ADHD symptom severity, ADHD presentation, and psychotic-like experiences. Multinomial logistic regression suggested that ADHD symptom severity, region, relative age, and stating ADHD medication at three-month follow-up were associated with the response outcome group. However, when validating the data with Bootstrap Forest, none of the variables were significant. Thus, in our large naturalistic cohort, we could not identify any clinically relevant factors that reliably predict pharmacological treatment outcomes.

Trial registration: NCT02136147.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is now back for ovarian cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Nagao Shoji , Tan David , Hasegawa Kosei
Published: January 2025

The Intraperitoneal Carboplatin for Ovarian Cancer (iPocc) trial demonstrated that intraperitoneal (IP) administration of carboplatin is more effective than intravenous (IV) administration for advanced ovarian cancer, especially in cases with large residual tumors, challenging previous assumptions that IP chemotherapy is only beneficial for small residual tumors. Additionally, the iPocc trial showed that IP chemotherapy has a comparable safety profile to IV chemotherapy, with the exception of port-related toxicities. This review summarizes the principles, development, and significance of IP chemotherapy and discusses its future potential in light of recent studies. Notably, the iPocc trial, conducted under Japan’s new clinical trial regulations, achieving regulatory approval based on investigator-initiated results. The iPocc regimen offers a viable treatment option for patients with advanced ovarian cancer (stages II–IV). However, bevacizumab is recommended for later-line treatments rather than combining it with IP chemotherapy until further trials support such combinations. Future studies are needed to identify biomarkers that predict response to the iPocc regimen. The trial’s success underscores the dedication of patients and families who contributed to this groundbreaking research.
Orientation selectivity properties for the affine Gaussian derivative and the affine Gabor models for visual receptive fields
Authors: Lindeberg Tony
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an in-depth theoretical analysis of the orientation selectivity properties of simple cells and complex cells, that can be well modelled by the generalized Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields, with the purely spatial component of the receptive fields determined by oriented affine Gaussian derivatives for different orders of spatial differentiation. A detailed mathematical analysis is presented for the three different cases of either: (i) purely spatial receptive fields, (ii) space-time separable spatio-temporal receptive fields and (iii) velocity-adapted spatio-temporal receptive fields. Closed-form theoretical expressions for the orientation selectivity curves for idealized models of simple and complex cells are derived for all these main cases, and it is shown that the orientation selectivity of the receptive fields becomes more narrow, as a scale parameter ratio

$$\kappa $$

κ

, defined as the ratio between the scale parameters in the directions perpendicular to vs. parallel with the preferred orientation of the receptive field, increases. It is also shown that the orientation selectivity becomes more narrow with increasing order of spatial differentiation in the underlying affine Gaussian derivative operators over the spatial domain. A corresponding theoretical orientation selectivity analysis is also presented for purely spatial receptive fields according to an affine Gabor model, showing that: (i) the orientation selectivity becomes more narrow when making the receptive fields wider in the direction perpendicular to the preferred orientation of the receptive field; while (ii) an additional degree of freedom in the affine Gabor model does, however, also strongly affect the orientation selectivity properties.
Real-to-sim: automatic simulation model generation for a digital twin in semiconductor manufacturing
Authors: Behrendt Sebastian , Altenmüller Thomas , May Marvin Carl , Kuhnle Andreas , Lanza Gisela
Published: January 2025

Semiconductor manufacturing systems are highly complex due to intricate processes and material flows. Operating these systems efficiently remains a significant challenge, particularly under the growing demands for operational excellence and cost reduction. Current approaches often rely on extensive manual modeling, which slows down production planning and adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose a data-driven methodology for Automatic Simulation Model Generation (ASMG), enhanced by machine learning techniques. This fully automated pipeline extracts and processes production data (lot tracking information and resource states) to generate simulation models without manual intervention. A machine learning technique called equipment emulation captures complex tool behaviors and mitigates issues with noisy or incomplete data. Validation in two real-world semiconductor production environments, covering over 300 days and showing an accuracy within 5–7% for throughput and uptime, demonstrates the method’s ability to produce precise models. By reducing the time and expertise required for model creation, this ASMG method facilitates agile digital twin implementations and enables faster, more responsive production planning.
Water-temperature equation based on oxygen isotope records of cultured freshwater bivalve Corbicula sandai shells from Lake Biwa, Japan
Authors: Setogawa Masakazu , Domitsu Hanako , Sakai Saburo , Osaka Ken’ichi , Katsuyama Masanori
Published: January 2025

This study derives the paleotemperature equation based on the oxygen isotope records of freshwater-bivalve shells. We examined the oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of aragonite shells of the cultured freshwater bivalve Corbicula sandai (Cyrenidae), a species endemic to Lake Biwa, Japan, along with the temperature and δ18O values of water at the culture site. The δ18O values of cultured specimen shells showed clear periodicity corresponding to the culture period; they decreased with increasing water temperature and increased with decreasing water temperature. The observed water temperatures were strongly correlated with the δ18O values for shells minus the δ18O values for water; the following equation for the temperature was calculated by the least-squares method.

$$T \left(^\circ \text{C}\right)=18.19 \left(\pm 0.37\right)-3.93 (\pm 0.33)\times ({{\updelta }^{18}\text{O}}_{\text{aragonite}/\text{VPDB}}-{\updelta }^{18}{\text{O}}_{\text{water}/\text{VSMOW}})$$

T

∘

C

=
18.19

±
0.37

-
3.93

(
±
0.33
)

×

(

δ

18

O

aragonite
/
VPDB

-

δ

18

O

water
/
VSMOW

)

. Using this equation, water temperatures from May 2, 2019, back to 2009 were reconstructed based on the δ18O values of two specimens collected in the lake, then compared with the observed water temperatures at lake depths of 0.5–20 m. In the northern basin of the lake, the water temperature in the shallow layer below the top 15 m, which is the habitat depth of C. sandai, was 26–28°C during the summer and 6–8°C during the winter; the reconstructed water-temperature range of 12–28°C agreed well with the observed higher values. The growth rates of cultured specimens significantly slowed at temperatures below 12–13°C, and the reconstructed minimum-water temperature of approximately 13°C indicates that the equation exhibits reliable accuracy. The growth records of the cultured specimens suggest that the reconstructed water-temperature fluctuations reflect the water temperatures from early spring (April–May) to late autumn (December).
Hansen’s Accessibility Theory and Machine Learning: a Potential Merger
Authors: Hadjidimitriou Natalia Selini , Reggiani Aura , Östh John , Mamei Marco
Published: January 2025

Accessibility is a central concept in transport geography, given its relationship with land development. It is defined as "the opportunity that an individual at a given location possesses to take part in a particular activity or set of activities" (Hansen, 1959). Hansen’s Accessibility Model (HAM) can be computed using mobility flows between regions or employment data as a proxy for centres of attraction, coupled with an impedance function that incorporates travel costs. It has been the basis of multiple theoretical and empirical approaches over the years. In the last decades, advances in Machine Learning (ML) have also opened new possibilities for developing innovative approaches in the transport field. The objective of this work is primarily the study of the dynamics of urban accessibility, by considering two interrelated perspectives. Firstly, we aim to explore whether alternative data-based techniques, such as ML, can replicate the behaviour of HAM and thus capture, from data, the underlying theory linked to the spatial interaction model, by embedding the influence of geography, transport network, and socioeconomic factors on accessibility. Secondly, we investigate the feasibility of employing ML where flow data are unavailable, ensuring consistent measurements over time. A combined approach HAM-ML is developed and applied to this aim. As a case study, we examine inter-urban accessibility in two Italian regions, Lombardia and Emilia Romagna, based on socioeconomic and transport data from 2011. The results show the potential of this joint approach, opening new research prospects on accessibility from the theoretical, empirical, and policy viewpoints.
HEM NAEMP: a novel hybrid ensemble model for North Anatolian Fault zone earthquake magnitude prediction
Authors: Özceylan Elif , Karadayı Ataş Pınar
Published: January 2025

The application of machine learning in predicting earthquake magnitudes is crucial due to its ability to process extensive data sets and identify intricate patterns, thereby enhancing the accuracy and timeliness of predictions. This capability is essential for improving readiness and relief techniques against seismic activities. This study introduces a novel hybrid ensemble model, the HEM NAEMP, specifically evolved for predicting earthquake magnitudes along the North Anatolian Fault zone. The model integrates data from both the North Anatolian and San Andreas fault zones-the latter selected due to its tectonic similarity-to develop a comprehensive dataset that includes newly extracted features. The novelty of this study lies in the combination of data from two different fault lines to create a new dataset, the extraction of novel features, and the development of a previously unused model leveraging this dataset and its features. The HEM NAEMP model employs a several of regression algorithms, including k-nearest neighbors, random forest, support vector machine, decision tree and extreme gradient boosting, to effectively predict earthquake magnitude. The evaluation metrics for the model are as follows: mean squared error (MSE) of 0.011, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.064, root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.108, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.268, R Square

$$(\text {R}^2)$$

(

R
2

)

of 0.92 and training time of 2.44 sec. These results are compared against those from a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, demonstrating that HEM NAEMP has mostly lower error rates in MAE and MAPE and high score in

$$\text {R}^2$$

R
2

, as well as reduced training time, thereby confirming its viability and efficiency.
Sousveillance Work: Monitoring and Managing-Up in Patrimonial Hollywood
Authors: Dessauer Julia M.
Published: January 2025

How do workers come to know what their bosses need and want? This paper shows how laborers in patrimonial work environments learn to serve their bosses through bottom-up observation, rather than top-down instruction. The author uses the case of assistants in Hollywood to introduce the concept of sousveillance work, which is the labor of monitoring, anticipating, and fulfilling a boss’s mutable needs and wants. Drawing on 60 + interviews with professionals in Hollywood, the author reveals how sousveillance work helps assistants manage-up and mitigate volatility wrought by their patrimonial superiors. The concept of sousveillance work adds to research on labor and uncertainty in creative industries, and also helps to reveal how patrimonial systems are sustained in contemporary work environments.
Relations between trajectories of weight loss and changes in psychological health over a period of 2 years following bariatric metabolic surgery
Authors: Pyykkö Johanna Eveliina , van Olst Nienke , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Almansa Josué , Acherman Yaïr I. Z. , De Brauw Maurits , Groen Albert K. , Nieuwdorp Max , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to identify trajectories of BMI, obesity-specific health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and depression trajectories from pre-surgery to 24 months post-bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS), and explore their associations, addressing subgroup differences often hidden in group-level analyses.

Method

Patients with severe obesity (n = 529) reported their HR-QoL and depression before undergoing BMS, and at 12 and 24 months post-operation. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to identify trajectories of BMI, HR-QoL and depression.

Results

BMI and HR-QoL improved significantly for all patients from pre-surgery to 24 months post-operation, though some patients deteriorated in their outcomes after 12 months. Three distinct trajectories of BMI were identified: Low (35.4%), Medium (45.5%), and High (19.2%), and of HR-QoL: High (38.4%), Medium (43.4%), and Poor (18.1%). Three trajectories of depression were extracted: Low/none (32.4%), Medium–low (45.3%), and Worsening (22.3%). The association between the trajectories of BMI and depression was significant, but not between the BMI and HR-QoL trajectories. Specifically, the Low BMI trajectory patients were more likely to follow the Worsening depression trajectory and reported poorer preoperative psychological health than the other two BMI trajectories.

Conclusion

Patients following the most favourable weight loss trajectory may not manifest psychologically favourable outcomes (i.e., Worsening depression), and preoperative characteristics do not consistently describe post-surgical BMI trajectories. Clinicians should tend to patients’ mental wellbeing besides weight loss post-BMS. The study findings emphasize the significance of incorporating psychological health as an essential component of surgical outcomes.