bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probability, prudence, danger: Thomas Aquinas on the building of the lexicon of risk
Authors: Januard Pierre
Published: January 2024

The Latin terms commonly used to signify ‘risk’ are absent from Thomas Aquinas’s economic writings. Instead, Aquinas offers a lexicon of probability, prudence and danger. This ternary lexicon brings with it a triple universalisation of risk: first, a universalisation through activity, including the activity of analysis considered as part of economic activity; second, a universalisation through the agents, since everyone – the observer, the co-contractors, the prince and the population – is affected by the risk; and, finally, a partial universalisation of its definition, since the lexicon indicates a risk which is not yet restricted by calculation, as the modern notion is, although some distinctions are already made by Aquinas. However, the lexicon only describes a risk of loss and does not take into account chance of gain.
On the Similarity of Fertility across European National Borders
Authors: Ermisch John
Published: January 2024

The paper introduces to comparative cross-national fertility research a method to formalise what is meant by the TFR’s of countries ‘moving together’. It is based on the estimation of long run fertility relationships which are stationary series (so called ‘cointegrating equations’). Six sets of countries with similar TFR movements within each were identified: Northwest Europe (England and Wales, France, Netherlands and Belgium); (2) Southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal); (3) the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland); (4) Germany and Austria; (5) the Eastern Europe group of Poland, Czechia, Hungary and Estonia); and (6) the group of Russia, Belarus and Lithuania. There are unique features of TFR movements in each region. But Northwest Europe, the Nordic countries and Southern Europe all share a decline in their TFR during the past decade, albeit from different levels of fertility. This strongly suggests that factors influencing fertility during this period do not stem from particular features in each country but broader influences, whether social or economic.
Review of “A History of Ecological Economic Thought” by Marco P. Vianna Franco and Antoine Missemer
Authors: DesRoches C. Tyler
Published: January 2024

Review of “A History of Ecological Economic Thought” by Marco P. Vianna Franco and Antoine Missemer.
EDGARD MILHAUD AND THE CASE FOR ESTABLISHING AN INTERNATIONAL CLEARING UNION IN THE 1930s. A FORGOTTEN FORERUNNER OF KEYNES?
Authors: Faudot Adrien , Nenovsky Nikolay
Published: January 2024

Edgard Milhaud (1873–1964), a professor at the University of Geneva, published a series of texts (from 1932 onwards) promoting the establishment of multilateral international compensation between nation states, and actively campaigned for this project. His plan centered on a call for a “gold truce” as an alternative to the bilateral clearing agreements that proliferated at the time. The plan drew the attention of several international organizations. It reached the point of arousing the interest of the League of Nations (LON), which decided in 1934 to launch an inquiry (published in 1935) questioning LON members about the project of making clearing agreements multilateral. The Milhaud plan nevertheless fell into oblivion after the Tripartite Agreement (1936) and then the outbreak of WWII. This work aims to situate the Milhaud plan in its intellectual and political context —i.e., the 1930s —analyze its content and understand its failure. The article also assesses what it had in common with the Keynes’ plan for International Cleating Union developed several years later.
Child Rights, Traditions and Health Seeking Behavior in Nigeria
Authors: Mahar Hamad
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the impact of granting formal legal protection to children on their health by studying the impact of the Child Rights Act in Nigeria. Using a Difference in Differences model that is robust to the staggered adoption of this reform across states, I show that granting formal protection to children leads to a reduction in stunting and has limited positive effects on vaccinations. I provide suggestive evidence that the mechanism behind these results is a change in the demand of care by parents. These findings suggest that secular laws which grant protection improve outcomes for children in a society where harmful traditions persist.
Review of “Robert Triffin: A Life” by Ivo Maes
Authors: Faudot Adrien
Published: January 2024

Review of “Robert Triffin: A Life” by Ivo Maes.
Anestesia epidural com abordagem sacrococcígea em cão da raça Spitz Alemão para colocação de prótese de tróclea em membro pélvico
Authors: Epifanio Lara Zanotti , Fernandes Francisco Lucas , Rezende Thiago Saloto Abreu , Zanoni Fernando Luiz
Published: January 2024

Epidural anesthesia is a type of locoregional anesthetic technique used to assist in trans- and postoperative analgesia, blocking surgical nociception directly in the nerve roots that leave the spinal cord using local anesthetics. The existing approaches to this technique are thoracolumbar, lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal, the latter showing greater safety due to the absence of the medullary cone and dural sac. With this, the present report aimed to demonstrate the epidural technique through the sacrococcygeal approach as a safer option for small dogs such as, in this case, a German spitz. The patient underwent implantation of a trochlear prosthesis in the right pelvic limb due to erosion of the trochlear rhym, and the technique chosen for locoregional blockade was sacrococcygeal epidural anesthesia with the use of lidocaine 0.25 ml/kg and morphine 0.1 mg/kg. No analgesic rescue was necessary during the surgical procedure, as well as in the postoperative period, with only dipyrone 25mg/kg and Meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg being used before it was finished. The patient’s awakening was calm and without signs of pain by the Glasgow scale, concluding that the sacrococcygeal approach ensures effects as satisfactory as the lumbosacral approach, and with less chance of complications due to anatomy.
Osteossíntese de fratura diafisária femoral em gavião-carijó (Rupornis magnirostris)
Authors: Seligman Raphael , Biolchi Juliano , Correia Alaina Maria , Minuzzi Cecilia Pintarelli , Schwarzenberg Jade Terra , Breda Marília Mainardes , Soares Thaís Jassek , Lima Iara Luiza Matos de , Oliveira Leonardo Bianchi de , Filho Alexandre Longo , Santos Juliana Cavalli , Lange Rogério Ribas
Published: January 2024

The Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) is a bird of prey of wide occurrence and distribution in the Brazilian territory. Due to human actions, they are frequently seen in urban areas, and cases of accidents involving this species are not rare, and they end up being sent for care in wild animal rescue and rehabilitation centers. With several causes, most of which are related to human interference, traumatic injuries are often reported, especially fractures. Cases like these, given the need for effective recovery after trauma, constitute a challenge whenever there is the objective of reintroducing the animal into the wild. Therefore, this work aimed to report the case of a young roadside hawk, weighing 235g, treated at the Wildlife Support Center (CAFS) and sent to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, presenting a transverse complete fracture in the distal diaphysis of the left femur. The animal underwent the osteosynthesis procedure using a combined approach with intramedullary pins and external fixators, aiming to restore the function of the affected limb. The pins were removed 42 days after surgery, after radiographic confirmation that the fracture line was not visible, in addition to notable formation of a regular bone callus in the region. At this stage, the animal could already fully support its body weight on the affected limb and demonstrated the ability normally, which was why it was referred back to the CAFS. After 18 days of acclimatization in a larger enclosure, flight tests and rehabilitation, the animal was considered able and was released in a place where the species occurs, 60 days post-operatively. The combination of intramedullary pins and external fixators proved to be effective in promoting adequate fracture consolidation, as well as functional restoration of the limb in a free-living raptor, making it possible to reintroduce the animal to its natural habitat.
Apresentações clínicas do complexo granuloma eosinofílico
Authors: Ferrara Natalia Cruz , Fernandes Tânia Parra , Santos Carolina Ferreira dos , Coqui Fernanda Manttovani , Rodrigues Karina Borges Almeida
Published: January 2024

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (EGC) is a common syndrome in cats, and rare in dogs, which presents three types of lesions (indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, and eosinophilic granuloma) that can affect the skin, oral cavity and lips. It is often associated with allergies and accompanied by Allergic Miliary Dermatitis (ADM) in some cases. This study aimed to elucidate the different clinical presentations of EGC and report three cases of felines treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Methodist University of São Paulo (HOVET Metodista) in São Bernardo do Campo – SP, between February 2022 and February 2023. The diagnoses of EGC in these cases were primarily achieved through clinical assessment, treatments were effective, and prognoses were favorable.
Aspectos cirúrgicos de um condrossarcoma em cavidade nasal de cão
Authors: Ad’Vincula Henrique Louro , Goulart Luana Candido Colucci , Carvalho Tamiris Serpa , Dornellas Wesley Santos , Melo Rodrigo Guerra de , Ribeiro Lilian dos Santos
Published: January 2024

Chondrosarcomas (CSA) are mesenchymal tumors characterized by the proliferation of cells and interstitial tissue, morphologically presenting cartilaginous features at different stages of development. Chondrosarcomas can be primary, originating from a previously normal bone, or secondary to a preexisting chondroma. They generally exhibit slow growth, low metastatic index, and are well-differentiated. Classified into two subtypes: myxoid (more frequent) and mesenchymal. In dogs, CSA accounts for approximately 10% of bone tumors. This report aims to describe a case of surgical treatment via rhinotomy in a dog with CSA in the nasal cavity, leading to a period of survival and quality of life for the patient. This case is reported based on the medical record data of a patient, treated in February of 2023 at a veterinary hospital in Juiz de Fora - MG. The canine patient, a female with no defined breed (NDB), 7 years and 2 months old, weighing 15.3 kg, presented dyspnea for a period of 1 year, as reported by the owner. Forty-five days before the medical appointment, intermittent right unilateral epistaxis began. The patient had previously received treatment for the same complaint, for which tranexamic acid and prednisolone were prescribed, resulting in temporary improvement. She was then referred for a computed tomography scan, which revealed a neoformation in the right nasal sinus. On March 2, 2023, the animal was admitted for surgical intervention, where the tumor mass was excised. After removing the content, the bed was washed with physiological saline at room temperature. For closure of the created cavity, a Waltex® polypropylene mesh was used, fixed at its edges to the musculature. The material collected from the right nasal cavity was sent for histopathological examination, which indicated that the neoformation was a Chondrosarcoma, with myxoid stroma and foci of mature chondroid differentiation. The surgical intervention proved to be effective and satisfactory, allowing the resection of the neoformation, later classified as chondrosarcoma, providing quality of life to the patient after the surgical procedure.
STRATEGI OPTIMASI KEUNTUNGAN PRODUKSI PRODUK MEBEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMROGRAMAN LINIER
Authors: Prasetyo Hermawan Budi
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK      Penelitian ini dibuat untuk menentukan komposisi jumlah produksi yang efektif untuk masing-masing produk standar di PT ATMI SOLO, dalam rangka untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan, dengan menggunakan metode pemrograman linier, yaitu dengan memaksimalkan atau meminimumkan fungsi tujuan, dengan mempertimbangkan sejumlah variable input berupa ketersediaan sumber daya perusahaan dan ketentuan-ketentuan lain dalam proses produksi.     Metode pemrograman linier diterapkan dengan menggunakan solver yang merupakan menu fasilitas perhitungan optimasi yang diinstal pada software Excel.  Optimasi keuntungan ditentukan dengan menggunakan 5 variabel keputusan, berupa 5 jenis standar produk mebel, dengan memperhitungkan kapasitas mesin produksi, target minimum penjualan, dan alokasi modal kerja. Formulasi keuntungan maksimal adalah (P) = 111 X1 + 137 X2 + 106 X3 +146 X4 + 138 X5.     Hasil output solver menunjukkan nilai keuntungan maksimum yang dapat diperoleh oleh PT ATMI SOLO sebesar Rp. 655.129.000, dengan menerapkan komposisi jumlah produk mebel yang harus diproduksi adalah X1=500 unit, X2= 2.470 unit; X3=500 unit; X4=500 unit; X5=982 unit. Kata kunci: keuntungan, pemrograman linier, optimasi, solver
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBAYARAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR MELALUI KOMPETENSI DAN PERILAKU PEGAWAI DI UPT PPD BAPENDA SAMSAT TAMIANG KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR
Authors: Setiawan Eko , Karsudjono Anthonius Junianto
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui upaya meningkatkan pelayanan masyarakat dalam pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor melalui kompetensi dan perilaku pegawai di UPT PPD Bapenda Samsat Tamiang Kabupaten Barito Timur yang selama ini dan yang seharusnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi pegawai sebanyak 56 orang. Sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 10 orang pegawai UPT PPD Bapenda Samsat Tamiang Kabupaten Barito Timur yang terdiri dari 1 (satu) orang Kasi SDM, 2 (dua) orang anggota Polri yang bertugas di UPT PPD Bapenda Samsat Tamiang Kabupaten Barito Timur, dan 7 (tujuh) orang pegawai penerima pajak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi deskripsi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan selama ini dalam segi kompetensi, pegawai masih memiliki pengetahuan, keterampilan kerja dan pengalaman kerja yang kurang. Ditinjau dari perilaku pegawai, pegawai memiliki budaya organisasi yang sudah cukup baik namun pada bagian sarana dan prasarana kerja masih perlu dibenahi mengingat masih belum ditemukan keadilan bagi seluruh pegawai dalam mendapatkan pelatihan serta fasilitas kerja yang memadai. Upaya yang dilakukan yaitu dengan memberikan jenjang karir, rotasi jabatan, pelatihan, pendidikan formal dan seminar yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, perilaku dalam memberi pelayanan serta pengalaman kerja yang nyata kepada pegawai. Instansi juga sebaiknya melakukan pembenahan dan melengkapi fasilitas kerja yang memadai serta adil bagi semua pegawai
Examining preschool teacher’s use of social media in terms of their professional development
Authors: SALİHOGLU Neslihan Cansu , ÇETİN Abdullah
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate how preschool instructors use social media for professional development. Explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed research methods, was used in the research. The quantitative study group of the research consists of 213 preschool teachers working in Kahramanmaraş province in the 2020-2021 academic year, and the qualitative study group consists of 16 preschool teachers. "Social Media Usage Questionnaire" and semi-structured "Interview Form" were used as data collection tools in the research. For the analysis of quantitive data in the study, frequency, percentage and arithmetic avarages were calculated using the SPSS 21 package program. Content analysis was used in the analysis of qualitative data. It was determined that teachers find Instagram, Youtube, Whatsapp and Pinterest useful in terms of their professional development. It has been found that social media helps teachers to see things from multiple viewpoints, keep up with innovations, access diverse activities, advance their knowledge and abilities and access activities for all developmental domains. It has been determined that teachers share their posts on social media in order to be useful for their collegues and for informational purposes It was concluded that the use of social media facilitated the implementation of the preschool education program and enriched the learning environment.
Reimagining education: Bridging artificial intelligence, transhumanism, and critical pedagogy
Authors: SARI Tamer , NAYİR Funda , BOZKURT Aras
Published: January 2024

From personalized advertising to economic forecasting, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an increasingly important element of our daily lives. These advancements raise concerns regarding the transhumanist perspective and associated discussions in the context of technology-human interaction, as well as the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on education and critical pedagogy. In this regard, the purpose of this research paper was to investigate the intersection of AI and critical pedagogy by critically assessing the potential of AI to promote or hamper critical pedagogical practices in the context of transhumanism. The article provides an overview of the concepts of transhumanism, artificial intelligence, and critical pedagogy. In order to seek answers to research questions, qualitative research design was adopted, and GPT-3 was used as a data collection resource. Noteworthy findings include the similarity of the dialogue with the GPT-3 davinci model to a conversation between two human beings, as well as its difficulty in understanding some of the questions presented from a critical pedagogy perspective. GPT-3 draws attention to the importance of the relationship between humans in education and emphasizes that AI applications can be an opportunity to ensure equality in education. The research provides suggestions indicating the relationship between AI applications and critical pedagogy.
Interactive microsurgical anatomy education using photogrammetry 3D models and an augmented reality cube
Authors: Gurses Muhammet Enes , Gonzalez-Romo Nicolas I. , Xu Yuan , Mignucci-Jiménez Giancarlo , Hanalioglu Sahin , Chang José E. , Rafka Habib , Vaughan Kerry A. , Ellegala Dilantha B. , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to assess the use of an augmented reality (AR) tool for neurosurgical anatomical education.

METHODS

Three-dimensional models were created using advanced photogrammetry and registered onto a handheld AR foam cube imprinted with scannable quick response codes. A perspective analysis of the cube anatomical system was performed by loading a 3D photogrammetry model over a motorized turntable to analyze changes in the surgical window area according to the horizontal rotation. The use of the cube as an intraoperative reference guide for surgical trainees was tested during cadaveric dissection exercises. Neurosurgery trainees from international programs located in Ankara, Turkey; San Salvador, El Salvador; and Moshi, Tanzania, interacted with and assessed the 3D models and AR cube system and then completed a 17-item graded user experience survey.

RESULTS

Seven photogrammetry 3D models were created and imported to the cube. Horizontal turntable rotation of the cube translated to measurable and realistic perspective changes in the surgical window area. The combined 3D models and cube system were used to engage trainees during cadaveric dissections, with satisfactory user experience. Thirty-five individuals (20 from Turkey, 10 from El Salvador, and 5 from Tanzania) agreed that the cube system could enhance the learning experience for neurosurgical anatomy.

CONCLUSIONS

The AR cube combines tactile and visual sensations with high-resolution 3D models of cadaveric dissections. Inexpensive and lightweight, the cube can be effectively implemented to allow independent co-visualization of anatomical dissection and can potentially supplement neurosurgical education.
Genetic characterization and mutational profiling of foramen magnum meningiomas: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Hua Lingyang , Alkhatib Majd , Fujio Shingo , Alhasan Boshr , Herold Sylvia , Zeugner Silke , Zolal Amir , Hijazi Mido M. , Clark Victoria E. , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Shankar Ganesh M. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Barker Frederick G. , Cahill Daniel P. , Ren Leihao , Eyüpoglu Ilker Y , Gong Ye , Schackert Gabriele , Juratli Tareq A.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

Foramen magnum (FM) meningiomas pose significant surgical challenges and have high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of clinically actionable mutations in FM meningiomas and identify clinical characteristics associated with specific mutational profiles.

METHODS

The authors conducted targeted next-generation sequencing of 62 FM meningiomas from three international institutions, covering all relevant meningioma genes (AKT1, KLF4, NF2, POLR2A, PIK3CA, SMO, TERT promoter, and TRAF7). Patients with a radiation-induced meningioma or neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) were excluded from the study. Additionally, patient and tumor characteristics, including age, sex, radiological features, and tumor location, were retrospectively collected and evaluated.

RESULTS

The study cohort consisted of 46 female and 16 male patients. Clinically significant driver mutations were detected in 58 patients (93.5%). The most commonly observed alteration was TRAF7 mutations (26, 41.9%), followed by AKT1E17K mutations (19, 30.6%). Both mutations were significantly associated with an anterolateral tumor location relative to the brainstem (p = 0.0078). NF2 mutations were present in 11 cases (17.7%) and were associated with posterior tumor location, in contrast to tumors with TRAF7 and AKT1E17K mutations. Other common mutations in FM meningiomas included POLR2A mutations (8, 12.9%; 6 POLR2AQ403K and 2 POLR2AH439_L440del), KLF4K409Q mutations (7, 11.3%), and PIK3CA mutations (4, 6.5%; 2 PIK3CAH1047R and 2 PIK3CAE545K). POLR2A and KLF4 mutations exclusively occurred in female patients and showed no significant association with specific tumor locations. All tumors harboring AKT1E17K and POLR2A mutations displayed meningothelial histology. Ten tumors exhibited intratumoral calcification, which was significantly more frequent in NF2-mutant compared with AKT1-mutant FM meningiomas (p = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings provide important insights into the molecular genetics and clinicopathological characteristics of FM meningiomas. The identification of specific genetic alterations associated with tumor location, volume, calcification, histology, and sex at diagnosis may have implications for personalized treatment strategies in the future.
The AANS/CNS Section on Tumors: a summary of 40 years of advocacy to advance the care of patients with brain and spine tumors
Authors: Parney Ian F. , Warnick Ronald E. , Lang Frederick F. , Rutka James T. , Kalkanis Steven , Glick Roberta , Rosenblum Mark L. , Germano Isabelle M.
Published: January 2024

The AANS/CNS Section on Tumors was founded 40 years ago in 1984 to assist in the education of neurosurgeons interested in neuro-oncology, and serves as a resource for other national organizations regarding the clinical treatment of nervous system tumors. The Section on Tumors was the first national physicians’ professional organization dedicated to the study and treatment of patients with brain and spine tumors. Over the past 40 years, the Section on Tumors has built solid foundations, including establishing the tumor section satellite meetings, founding the Journal of Neuro-Oncology (the first medical journal dedicated to brain and spine surgical oncology), advancing surgical neuro-oncology education and research, promoting neurosurgical involvement in neuro-oncology clinical trials, and advocating for patients with brain and spine tumors. This review provides a synopsis of the Section on Tumors’ history, its challenges, and its opportunities, drawing on the section’s archives and input from the 17 section chairs who led it during its first 40 years.
Effects of a sphenopalatine ganglion block on postcraniotomy pain management: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial
Authors: Mantovani Giorgio , Sgarbanti Lorenzo , Indaimo Antonino , Cavallo Michele Alessandro , De Bonis Pasquale , Flacco Maria Elena , Scerrati Alba
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

Postcraniotomy pain (PCP) is a common finding after neurosurgical procedures, occurring in as many 87% of patients. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has a pivotal role in several headache syndromes, and its anesthetic block is currently used in different clinical conditions with benefit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an SPG block (SPGB) via a transnasal approach as adjunctive therapy in reducing pain scores during the postcraniotomy period.

METHODS

In this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing elective surgery with a supratentorial craniotomy were randomly assigned to a scalp block, local anesthetic infiltration of the wound, and systemic analgesia during the first 48 postoperative hours (standard therapy), or to standard therapy as well as an SPGB (experimental therapy). According to the available evidence, assuming a 50% reduction in the incidence of the main outcome in patients with an SPGB (vs standard treatment), 82 patients were needed to achieve 80% statistical power in an intent-to-treat analysis. Pain intensity was recorded during the first 180 postoperative days at selective time points (5 times in the hospital, 3 times by telephone interview) with different pain rating systems (a visual analog scale [VAS], numeric rating scale [NRS], and pain assessment in advanced dementia [PAINAD] scale), together with demographic, clinical, and surgical variables and complications. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded during surgery. Differences in all variables were evaluated using a paired t-test and confirmed through Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

RESULTS

No complications occurred among the 83 patients enrolled. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean VAS score at postoperative days 0 (p = 0.05), 2 (p = 0.03), and 3 (p = 0.03). The PAINAD scale score showed significant differences between groups at postoperative days 1 (p = 0.006), 2 (p = 0.001), 3 (p = 0.03), and 4 (p = 0.05). The proportion of patients reporting a VAS score ≥ 3 in the first day after surgery was lower in the SPGB group than in the standard treatment group (71.9% vs 89.5%), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. At postoperative day 180, 5 patients (2 in the control group, 3 in the treatment group) had developed chronic PCP (NRS score ≥ 3).

CONCLUSIONS

SPGB is a safe and effective procedure as an adjunctive treatment for PCP management in elective supratentorial craniotomy during the first 4 postoperative days compared with standard therapy. Further studies are needed to better define the clinical impact of SPGB use and its indications.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT05136625 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Effect of pineapple skin Bokashi on improvement of soil properties and growth of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: MASULILI AGUSALIM , SUYANTO AGUS , . SETIAWAN , . MULYADI , . PAIMAN
Published: January 2024

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the horticultural crops that has high economic value, along with the increase in demand for this commodity. Alluvial is a type of soil with the potential for agricultural development, among others, and can be used to cultivate shallots. However, this soil has physical and chemical constraints that can inhibit plant growth, so it requires soil amendment treatment to improve it. This study aimed at determining the effect of a combination of cow dung compost and pineapple skin bokashi on the improvement of alluvial soil properties and the growth of shallot plants. The research used polybags and was carried out in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Panca Bhakti University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, lasting 60 days from February-April 2022. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Each polybag was filled with 8 kg of soil and added the cow dung compost of 80 g. Then, the treatment of bokashi pineapple skin consisted of eight levels: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 g/polybag. Each replication consisted of three plant samples so that the plant numbers were 72 units. The research results showed that the use of organic amendments of pineapple skin bokashi affected improving alluvial soil properties, which could reduce BD and increase soil pores, pH, organic C, P available and N total of soil. Furthermore, there was an increase in the growth of shallot plants as a result of the treatment given. The research findings showed that the best growth of shallots was achieved at the dose of 60 g/polybag pineapple skin bokashi. Furthermore, it can be recommended that further research be carried out on the effect of the combination of cow dung. compost and other organic and inorganic amendments.
Influence of nitrogen mineral fertilizer application methods on the preservation and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: MUKHOMEDYAROVA A. S. , KUSHENBEKOVA A. K. , ELEKESHEVA M. M. , GUMAROVA ZH. M. , BULEKOVA A. A.
Published: January 2024

The Republic of Kazakhstan, like other nations in the globe that produce grains is currently faced with the challenge of boosting grain production and shelf life. Wheat grain yield and preservation are significantly influenced by different fertilization techniques as well as the soil's moisture level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal method of applying nitrogen mineral fertilizers during the entire growing season in the conditions of dark chestnut soils of the dry steppe zone of the Urals when growing winter wheat crops (the Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety). The study was conducted on the territory of the Ural Agricultural Experimental Station in the West Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan during 2019-22. In the experiment consisted of five variants: without the use of fertilizers (control group), root fertilization in spring during wheat regrowth (N30 in the tillering phase), foliar fertilization in the earing phase (N30 in the earing phase), a combination of root and foliar fertilization (N15 in the tillering phase+N15 in the earing phase) and a combination of root and foliar fertilization (N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase). The results of the study revealed that the greatest impact on the preservation of plants was provided by fertilization at a dose of N30 in the tillering phase and N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase (grain filling), and the highest grain yield was obtained with the fertilization at a dose of N30 in the tillering phase and N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase, which provided an increase in yield of 2.2-2.3 q/ha. The authors concluded that the problem of weather conditions could be compensated with the use of the identified effective ways of applying nitrogen mineral fertilizers and the most effective for the specific area fertilizer.
Ways to increase the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Kamyshanka 5 in the conditions of the Lower Volga Region
Authors: IVANCHENKO TATYANA
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the catalog of applied chemicalization agents has been replenished with a new generation of preparations, which are a complex of compounds containing various bioactive substances, macro- and micro compounds. After treatment of seeds with these biopreparations the time between sowing and sprouting is accelerated, plants build up a strong vegetative mass, the yield and quality of grain as well as resistance to diseases and pests is increased. The aim of our research was to study the effect of complex preparations on the yield and quality of winter wheat. This study conducted in the arid zone of the Lower Volga region in the experimental field of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAN from 2018 to 2020 (Russia, Volgograd) the results of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical, biological protectants and physiologically active substances and foliar fungicide treatments on winter wheat crops were presented. The objects of research in field experiments were chemical seed dresser (Inshur Perform) and fungicide (Azorro), biological fungicide (BSКa-3), growth regulators (Extrasol and Bio-Don) and organic fertilizer (Рotassium Нumate). During the research, soil samples of light chestnut heavy loam soil and plant samples of winter wheat by phase of development were taken. The results showed that the use of biologically active compounds contributed to the strengthening of growth and development of winter wheat. The maximum number of productive stems–345 pcs/m2, 35.7 grains per ear, weight of a grain per ear 1.10 g, weight of 1000 grains–31.38 g formed plants at plots where only new generation biological preparations were used. Compared with the yield on the variants without treatment (control), the yield at plots with the use of biological preparations was 1.14 t/ha higher.
Yeast potential in controlling Aspergillus sp. causing fruit rot disease in dekopon oranges (Citrus reticulata ‘Shiranui’)
Authors: NASAHI CEPPY , YUSUF ARIS RIZKY , HARTATI SRI , KURNIADIE DENNY , SUBAKTI-PUTRI SYIFA NABILAH
Published: January 2024

Fruit rot disease caused by Aspergillus sp. is a post-harvest disease in citrus. Yeast has the potential as a biocontrol agent against airborne pathogens. This study aimed at testing the potential of yeast Aureobasidium pullulans Dmg 11 DEP, Rhodoturula minuta Dmg 16 BEP, and Candida tropicalis Lm 13 BE in controlling fruit rot disease caused by Aspergillus sp. on dekopon orange. The experimental stages consisted of testing the potential of yeast in suppressing Aspergillus sp. with five treatments and four replications and in vivo six treatments and four replications on dekopon oranges using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Biotechnology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, from January to July 2022. Antagonism and interaction tests were conducted in vitro by dual culture method by placing the Aspergillus sp. alongside the yeast (A. pullulans Dmg 11 DEP, R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP and C. tropicalis Lm 13 BE). Observations were made on the yeast effect on the growth of Aspergillus sp. and suppression of Aspergillus sp. rot disease in dekopon orange fruit. The test results showed that the yeast isolate could inhibit the growth of Aspergillus sp. in vitro with a 22.5-42.2% inhibition percentage in the dual culture test and 30.89-46.89% in the volatile compound production test. The yeast also suppressed the incidence of Aspergillus rot disease with an inhibition percentage of 21.06-51.98%. Aureobasidium pullulans Dmg 11 DEP recorded the highest percentage inhibition (51.98%) of Aspergillus sp.
Effect of increased fertilization on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Jatropha zeyheri tea under greenhouse conditions
Authors: BANGO HAPPY , MPHOSI MABOKO S.
Published: January 2024

Tea fertilization is one of the key factors influencing tea’s physiological, physical and chemical qualities. However, the influence of NPK fertilizer on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Jatropha zeyheri indigenous tea has not been documented. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing whether different fertilizer application rates would affect the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of J. zeyheri tea leaves under greenhouse conditions. Six treatments constituting NPK fertilizer rates (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g) were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. After 130 days, leaves were harvested and oven-dried for 72 h at a temperature of 60°C. The dried leaves were ground through a 1 mm sieve using a grinder before analysis. After laboratory preparations, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the UV-visible spectrophotometer. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the Statistix 10.0 software. Treatments had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content contributing 46 and 73% in total treatment variation (TTV), respectively. In contrast, NPK fertilizer had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on total phenols and tannins, contributing 71 and 59% in TTV, respectively. Jatropha zeyheri tea leaves antioxidants and phytoconstituents exhibited positive quadratic relations with increasing fertilizer levels. Fertilizer requirements for phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity were optimized at 3.97 g fertilizer/plant. In conclusion, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total tannin and flavonoid contents were affected by increasing NPK fertilizer rates.
Synergistic test of atrazine 72% and mesotrion 8% herbicide against broadleaf weeds and grass weeds in corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation
Authors: SUMEKAR YAYAN , UMIYATI UUM , USANTO AGUS , . HERSANTI , ARIELKI ARTHAMEVIA
Published: January 2024

Weed control employing single pesticide continually in the long-term causes weeds to become resistant. The usage of combined pesticides helps limit the occurrence of weed resistance. Herbicide formulations containing two or more active ingredients will exhibit interactions between constituents which could be synergistic, additive or antagonistic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and synergism test of the mixture with the active ingredients atrazine 72%+mesotrion 8% against several types of weeds in sweet corn plantations. The experiment was carried out during 2022 at the Agricultural Training and Development Research Center, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. The treatment consisted of three types of herbicides with six dose levels, there was mixture of atrazine 72%+mesotrion 8%, herbicide atrazine 72% and herbicide mesotrion 8% with four replications. Target weeds included Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria alata, Synedrella nodiflora, Richardia brassiliensis, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris and Paspalum conjugatum. Data analysis used the percentage of weed damage to determine the effectiveness of each herbicide and linear regression analysis using the Multiplicative Survival Model (MSM) method to determine the LD50 of each herbicide. The results showed that the mixed herbicides atrazine 72%+mesotrion 8% suppressed the growth of the target weeds and had a treatment LD50 of 0.32 l/ha and an expected LD50 of 0.36 l/ha with a co-toxicity value of 1.125 ( greater than 1), so the mixed herbicides were synergistic.
Phylogenetic position of Pratylenchus vulnus species (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with banana using mtDNA (cox1 region) from South Africa
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: January 2024

Plant parasitic nematodes are the main nematodes that live in the soil, causing yield loss for various crops. Pratylenchus species is endoparasite and known as root lesion nematode, therefore, can feed on the roots of the banana, resulting in necrosis and less production. This species is indicated to be highly risky to plants and must be identified correctly, and it is associated with bananas as one of the most important crops in Limpopo Province in South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at the Limpopo University to identify the Pratylenchus from South Africa's soils using the cox1 region of mtDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method, and then its DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The nematode was identified as Pratylenchus vulnus. Afterwards, cox1 of mtDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode. The Nblast analysis based on the mtDNA showed that South African P. vulnus had 99% similarity (KY424096; KY424097) with Chinese populations. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as P. vulnus in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was determined using cox1 of mtDNA; however, other rDNA markers, such as ITS, and rDNA, were recommended for a better understanding of Pratylenchus phylogeny.
Molecular characters of Dechloromonas, a bacterium associated with peanuts from Limpopo Province, South Africa, using 16S rDNA
Authors: GELDENHUYS GAVIN
Published: January 2024

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and sub-tropics, important to both small and large commercial producers. Therefore, finding out the role of bacteria in the soil helps to understand the relationship between bacteria and crops. It is helpful for healthy soil. Dechloromonas is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile bacterium. Colonies on (aerobic) nutrient agar plates are circular and have a yellow colour. Dechloromonas includes several species that can be a risky pathogenic bacterium to the peanut plants, impacting the peanut yield. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Dechloromonas bacterium from a peanut field in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The molecular study was carried out in 2022 at the University of Limpopo to identify the bacterium associated with peanut fields from South Africa's soils using 16S rDNA marker extracted using the Chelex method. The bacterium was identified as Dechloromonas. The Nblast analysis showed that South African Dechloromonas had 94% similarity with a population from South Korea (MK226314). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Dechloromonas in the same clade with highly supported 100 bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 16S rDNA properly. However, using other DNA markers to better understand Dechloromonas phylogeny was recommended.
Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of the NDVI index of potato agrocenosis in the conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region
Authors: VEDENEEVA V. A. , KOSHELEV A. V.
Published: January 2024

Timely assessment of the state of agrocenoses is very important in agricultural production. In this regard, geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used, since they make it possible to collect, process, store and transmit data on the studied territorial objects. In particular, the data on plant development obtained from satellite images showing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes are widely used in agriculture. Studies were conducted over two years, in 2020 in the village Tumak Sredneakhtubinsky district of Volgograd Region and in 2021 in the village of Mayskoye, near the city of Volgograd. The changes in the NDVI index were compared during different timings of potato growing seasons. The NDVI index readings obtained with the OneSoil software product were synchronized in time and location with the ground surveys. The contrast NDVI was used to determine the heterogeneity of the surface of the crop being grown. The results of the study of dynamics of values of vegetation index NDVI for potatoes grown in the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region were presented. It was established that during the “germination - budding” period, the NDVI value increased from 0.12 to 0.51 in 2020 and from 0.12 to 0.72 in 2021. During the flowering period, the index value increased on average to 0.64 over the research period. The maximum value of the index was observed during the period of “tops growth cessation - tops wilting” and amounted to 0.75. Further, the index value decreased and in the period of full ripeness of potato tubers, it was equal to 0.6 on an average over the research period. The use of the contrast NDVI determined the heterogeneity of the index values distribution more clearly and completely, which allowed us to identify problem zones in a particular area for taking prompt measures on reduction or elimination of this heterogeneity.
Investigation of the dependence of various backgrounds of modern fertilizers and Triticum aestivum (L.) yields in the Southern Federal District of Russia
Authors: GUZENKO A. V. , GUZENKO A. YU.
Published: January 2024

Despite the large areas occupied by the wheat, still an increase in its productivity is in need, especially in years with difficult climatic conditions. The task of raising the yield of winter wheat is not new and can be accomplished in a number of ways, with new crop types and current technologies based on the use of fertilizers being the most important. However, the influence of various fertilizers on the productivity of different varieties under certain conditions of crop growth in most cases remains open. Therefore, a study was conducted in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of light chestnut soils of the Samara region on the predecessor –Hordeum sativum J.– on 16 varieties of two breeding centers. The field experience was laid at the experimental site of the Federal Research Center for Agroecology, Russian Federation during 2020-22. The studied varieties showed significant differences in productive stem and productivity. The background of nutrition, as well as the forms and doses of the studied complexes ammonium nitrate + biologics (Active ingredient amino acids) provided a significant increase in the gluten content in winter wheat grain compared to the natural background (without treatment). The presented results require further study, but already now we can talk about the positive effect of additional nutrition on increasing the productivity of Triticum aestivum L.
Modeling of fertilization on the photosynthetic and yield indicators of melon (Cucumis melo L.) under the saline soils of southern Kazakhstan
Authors: AMIROV BAKHYTBEK , SEYTMENBETOVA AKSAULE , KULYMBET KANAT , TANIRBERGENOV SAMAT
Published: January 2024

Recommendations on the use of generalized regional fertilizers for agricultural crops lead to low fertilizer efficiency, and an imbalance of plant nutrition while identifying economic and environmental problems. The use of innovative methods with the modelling of fertilizers with balanced doses of nutrients used based on the needs of crops, the potential of fertility and the degree of soil degradation should be the main condition for sustainable precision farming. Therefore, a field experiment to study the application of mineral fertilizers on melon was carried out under two saline backgrounds of light serozem at a farmer’s field, Maktaaral District, Kazakhstan during 2022. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 10 treatments: T1–Control (no fertilizer), T2–N120P80, T3–N120K80, T4–P80K80, T5–N120P80K80, T6–N60P80K80, T7–N180P80K80, T8–N120P120K80, T9–N120P80K120 and T10–N157K256 and N93K96 for a targeted yield of 30 and 20 t/ha on low and medium-saline soils, respectively, each replicated thrice. Ammonium nitrate (34%), double superphosphate (45%) and potassium sulfate (51%) were used as fertilizers. The study of photosynthetic productivity of plants showed that the accumulation of dry biomass (from 1.9 to 10.37 t/ha) and leaf area (from 7.8 to 26.5 m2/ha) adequately changed with changes in doses and ratios of fertilizers. On the low salinity background, high early yields were provided by T5 and T10-10.1 and 10.9 t/ha, against a medium saline background, they were lower than low saline background of 1.7 and 2.3 t/ha, respectively. When modelling the effect of fertilizers on the formation of an early melon crop, the unilateral action of nitrogen fertilizers, the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer with potash fertilizer and the interaction of phosphorus fertilizer with the soil salt concentration have been excluded from the equation as insignificant (P less than 0.05).