bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New synonyms, lectotypifications and taxonomical notes on the genus Flemingia (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) from Thai-Indochinese floristic region
Authors: DO TRUONG VAN , XU BO , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: October 2018

We here proposed Flemingia cavaleriei, F. wangkae, and F. sarmentosa, are new synonyms of F. fluminalis, F. kerrii, and F. paniculata, respectively, based on taxonomic literature, type specimens, protologue and recent observation. Additionally, the lectotype of F. cavaleriei and F. sootepensis are designated, and the taxonomical notes and nomenclature of F. fluminalis are also discussed.
A new species of Mucor (Mucoromycotina, Mucorales) isolated from an enclave of Upland Atlantic Forest in the semi-arid region of Brazil
Authors: DE SOUZA CARLOS A.F. , VOIGT KERSTIN , GURGEL LUCIANA SARTORI , CORDEIRO THALLINE R.L. , OLIVEIRA RAFAEL J.V. , LIMA DIOGO X. , SANTIAGO ANDRÉ L.C.M. DE A.
Published: October 2018

During a survey of Mucorales in fragments of an Atlantic Upland Forest inserted in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, a specimen of Mucor was isolated from soil samples. The specimen was characterized based on morphological, physiological and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA regions). The isolate produces intensely branched sporangiophores commonly with between one and several septa with mostly applanate columellae. The sporangiophores were smooth-walled and varied in shape and size, while some were subglobose. The best growth was at 25°C but there was also good growth at 30°C. Based on the evidence of the analyzed datasets a new species of Mucor is proposed. A detailed description of the new specimen of Mucor from the Brazilian semi-arid region are provided.
The larva of Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, endemic to Kerkyra (Corfu) Island, including a key for the known Hydropsyche larvae of the Greek islands
Authors: KARAOUZAS IOANNIS , KAPAKOS YIANNIS
Published: October 2018

The larva of Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, endemic species of Kerkyra Island (Corfu), Greece, is described for the first time. The diagnostic features of the species are described and illustrated, and some information regarding its ecology is included. In addition, a tabular key for larvae of the known Hydropsyche species of the Greek Islands is provided.
Global Wind Speed and Wave Height Extremes Derived from Long-Duration Satellite Records
Authors: Takbash Alicia , Young Ian R. , Breivik Øyvind
Published: October 2018

The application of extreme-value analysis to long-duration (30 year) global altimeter and radiometer datasets is considered. In contrast to previous extreme-value analyses of satellite data, the dataset is sufficiently long to enable a peaks over threshold analysis to be undertaken. When applied to altimeter data for wind speed and significant wave height, this analysis produces values consistent with buoy validation data and previous numerical model reanalysis datasets. The spatial distributions produced are also consistent with the model reanalysis data. However, the altimeter data shows much greater finescale structure for wind speed, which is consistent with known tropical cyclone activity. The greater data density provided by radiometer measurements offers the potential to address altimeter undersampling. However, issues associated with the radiometer’s inability to measure wind speed in heavy rain events appears to create an unacceptable “fair weather” bias at extreme wind speeds. This renders the radiometer data of wind speed largely unusable for the investigation of wind speed extremes. The study also clearly demonstrates the limitations of the initial distribution method for extreme-value analysis, which is heavily biased by mean conditions.
Characteristics of the Marine Boundary Layer Jet over the South China Sea during the Early Summer Rainy Season of Taiwan
Authors: Tu Chuan-Chi , Chen Yi-Leng , Lin Pay-Liam , Du Yu
Published: October 2018

The marine boundary layer jets (MBLJs) over the northern South China Sea during the early summer rainy season over Taiwan are analyzed using 5-yr (2008–12) National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data with a 6-h interval. The MBLJ is distinctly different from the low-level jets associated with the subsynoptic frontal systems. During this period, the MBLJ events over the northern South China Sea mainly occur during the second half of the monsoon rainy season over Taiwan (after 1 June) and have a wind speed maximum around the 925-hPa level. The MBLJs are mainly related to the subsynoptic-scale pressure gradients related to a relatively deep mei-yu trough over southeastern China and a stronger-than-normal west Pacific subtropical high. Within the MBL, there is a three-way balance among pressure gradients, Coriolis force, and surface friction, with cross-isobar ageostrophic winds pointing toward the mei-yu trough throughout the diurnal cycle. At the jet core, the vertical wind profile resembles an Ekman spiral with supergeostrophic winds >12 m s−1 near the top of the MBL. The MBLJs are strongest at night and close to geostrophic flow in the late afternoon/early evening. This is because the friction velocity and ageostrophic wind decrease during daytime in response to mixing in the lowest levels. The MBLJs play an important role in horizontal moisture transport from the northern South China Sea to the Taiwan area. In the frontal zone, the moisture tongue extends vertically upward. The rainfall production is related to vertical motions in the frontal zone or localized lifting due to orographic effects.
Depth sensing indentation of magnesium/boron nitride nanocomposites
Authors: Haghshenas M , Islam R , Wang Y , Cheng YT , Gupta M
Published: October 2018

Magnesium nanocomposites, considered as energy-saving lightweight materials of future, are a fairly new family of composite materials with enhanced specific strength and ductility compared to pure magnesium and/or magnesium alloys. In the present study, time-dependent plastic deformation of novel light-weight magnesium/boron nitride nanocomposites containing 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 vol% of nano-boron nitride particulates is studied through a depth-sensing indentation approach against monolithic pure magnesium. The synthesis of magnesium–boron nitride nanocomposites was accomplished using powder metallurgy technique coupled with microwave sintering, followed by hot extrusion (end products are 8-mm diameter rods). The depth sensing indentation creep tests were conducted at room temperature (∼0.32Tm of magnesium) using an instrumented indentation platform via a self-similar pyramidal (Berkovich) indenter. To assess the influence of loading rate on the indentation-induced deformation behavior of the materials, a dual stage indentation creep including a constant loading rate followed by a constant load-holding scheme was used; indentation tests were performed on the specimens. The specimens were loaded at rates of 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mN/s to a peak load of 50 mN then force was held constant for 400 s while load/displacement/time data were recorded continuously. The results of the depth sensing indentation tests were correlated and explained using the microstructural characteristics placing special emphasis on the volume fraction of reinforcement and the indentation loading rate. Finally, the controlling creep mechanisms of the magnesium–boron nitride nanocomposites and the base metal (pure magnesium) were discussed in the present paper. The results of this paper can be used as a baseline for high-temperature creep analysis of magnesium–boron nitride nanocomposites which is of engineering significance.
Fathers’ sense of entitlement to ear-marked and shared parental leave
Authors: Brandth Berit , Kvande Elin
Published: October 2018

In most countries, parental leave systems consist of several parts with different lengths for fathers and/or mothers. This article compares fathers’ sense of entitlement to two parts of the Norwegian parental leave system that are available to them, namely the individual, non-transferable father’s quota and the shared parental leave. The objective is to gain knowledge of the rationale for fathers’ different take-up of the two types of leave. Analysis of interviews with 22 fathers finds culturally divergent understandings of the two types of leave among them. Using the concept of ‘entitlement’ as a theoretical lens, results show that fathers feel entitled to the father’s quota based on fathering- and gender equality norms in working life and the wider society. Fathers feel entitled to a much smaller degree to the shared parental leave, which is culturally understood as mothers’ entitlement. This understanding is, however, challenged by some fathers’ claim to the shared leave on the basis of their being competent parents.
Homeless Youth of Color and the Shaping of Aspirations: The (Re)productive Role of Institutions
Authors: Robinson Shantá R.
Published: October 2018

This year-long ethnographic study explored the occupational aspirations and informal educational experiences of 25 diverse homeless adolescents who found social welfare assistance through Empower, a nonprofit organization. Using organizational habitus and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks and constant comparative analysis, I found that Empower staff tailored educational programming and economic opportunities based on raced and gendered stereotyped notions of young people. Because of their precarious social positioning and the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, the Black adolescents were most positioned to obtain occupations that reproduce their ascribed social status, while the White youth were poised to improve their socioeconomic conditions.
Teachers’ Talk About Race and Caregiver Support: “You Can NEVER Be Too Sure About Parents”
Authors: Delale-O’Connor Lori , Graham DaVonna L.
Published: October 2018

This study focused on teachers’ perceptions of caregiver support for engaging in conversations about race in the classroom. We analyzed data from the Teachers’ Race Talk Survey, an exploratory survey that examines teachers’ perceptions about discussing race and racial violence in the classroom. Our analyses suggested that respondents espoused broad uncertainty for talking about race with regard to parental support. Teachers explained their responses drawing on four primary logics: (a) context characteristics, (b) family characteristics, (c) teacher characteristics, and (d) subject. We connected logics to social and cultural capital theory to further explain connections between caregivers and teacher race talk.
Labor and Development in Twenty-first-Century Latin America: Two Political Options
Authors: Moisá Elicabide Laura Carla , Silverman Jana K. , Piñón Pereira Dias María
Published: October 2018

An analysis of the results of social and labor policy in two Southern Cone countries (Uruguay and Brazil) and two members of the Pacific Alliance (Mexico and Colombia) between 2000 and 2012 focused on minimum wage policy, state intervention in labor market regulation and supervision, and relations between governments and social and political actors, especially unions, indicates that, in contrast to the situation in the progressive countries, the neoliberal policies adopted by Mexico and Colombia maintained social divisions instead of reducing them in this period.

Un análisis de los resultados de la política social y laboral en dos países del Cono Sur (Uruguay y Brasil) y dos miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico (México y Colombia) entre 2000 y 2012 enfocado en la política de salario mínimo, intervención estatal en regulación y supervisión del mercado laboral, y las relaciones entre los gobiernos y los actores sociales y políticos, especialmente los sindicatos, indica que, a diferencia de la situación en los países progresistas, las políticas neoliberales adoptadas por México y Colombia mantuvieron las divisiones sociales en lugar de reducirlas en este período.
The Fight for Affordable Rental Housing in 1980s New York: A Tenants’ Association’s Anticonversion Stance
Authors: Merdjanoff Alexis A.
Published: October 2018

This article examines an historical case study of a moderate-income rental complex’s condominium conversion in New York City during the 1980s. Despite research suggesting that tenants desire homeownership, residents of Park West Village (PWV) waged a five-year battle against management and remained tenants in overwhelming numbers when two buildings were converted to condominiums in 1987. Using historical documents, I examine why tenants fought against local growth and rejected the opportunity to accumulate personal capital through homeownership. I posit that the Park West Village Tenants’ Association (PWVTA) garnered considerable resident support by engaging in three economically driven frames against conversion at the individual, community, and state level. Despite the clear link between urban growth and conversions, the process and local opposition to conversion has yet to be examined. This historical case contributes to research on tenants’ associations, affordable rental housing, and considers how widespread condominium conversion contributed to inequality.
Weapons of the Rich: Strategic Behavior and Collective Action of Private Entrepreneurs in China
Authors: Heberer Thomas , Schubert Gunter
Published: October 2018

This article, the product of several years of extensive fieldwork, seeks to reinvigorate the debate on China’s private entrepreneurs by arguing that they have become a “strategic group” within the Chinese polity. While they do not openly challenge the current regime, they continuously alter the power balance within the current regime coalition, which connects them to the party-state at all administrative levels. As the future of Chinese socialism depends on the sound development of the private-sector economy and, therefore, on the promotion of private entrepreneurship, it can be expected that entrepreneurial influence within the regime coalition will rise, with inevitable consequences for regime legitimacy and stability.
A Rosier Reality: Incongruency in Stated and Revealed Ingroup Preferences among Young Asian American Speed Daters
Authors: Wu Karen , Chen Chuansheng , Greenberger Ellen
Published: October 2018

Several studies have identified inconsistencies between “stated” interpersonal attitudes and those “revealed” after an interaction. The authors used the speed-dating paradigm to examine stated and revealed attitudes in ingroup preferences among Asian American subgroups (Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Filipino Americans). Young single Asian Americans ( n = 198) reported preferences for dating different ethnicities and went on speed dates, after which they could offer second dates to their partners. As expected, all four ethnic subgroups showed clear ingroup biases in stated preferences. Ingroup bias in revealed preferences (measured through date offers and ratings of partners’ mate desirability), however, were minimal. At the individual level, stated ingroup preferences did not significantly predict revealed ingroup preferences. In summary, among young Asian Americans, ingroup preferences may not hold in an interactive scenario. The findings suggest that in the presence of personal cues provided through a brief interaction, people may be less prone to make judgments on the basis of ethnicity, even when consequences extend beyond the laboratory. Furthermore, mechanisms for selecting a partner may differ in “hot” (affective) versus “cold” (cognitive) states.
Decreased event-related theta power and phase-synchrony in young binge drinkers during target detection: An anatomically-constrained MEG approach
Authors: Correas A , López-Caneda E , Beaton L , Rodríguez Holguín S , García-Moreno LM , Antón-Toro LF , Cadaveira F , Maestú F , Marinkovic K
Published: October 2018

Background:

The prevalence of binge drinking has risen in recent years. It is associated with a range of neurocognitive deficits among adolescents and young emerging adults who are especially vulnerable to alcohol use. Attention is an essential dimension of executive functioning and attentional disturbances may be associated with hazardous drinking. The aim of the study was to examine the oscillatory neural dynamics of attentional control during visual target detection in emerging young adults as a function of binge drinking.

Method:

In total, 51 first-year university students (18 ± 0.6 years) were assigned to light drinking ( n = 26), and binge drinking ( n = 25) groups based on their alcohol consumption patterns. A high-density magnetoencephalography signal was combined with structural magnetic resonance imaging in an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography model to estimate event-related source power in a theta (4–7 Hz) frequency band. Phase-locked co-oscillations were further estimated between the principally activated regions during task performance.

Results:

Overall, the greatest event-related theta power was elicited by targets in the right inferior frontal cortex and it correlated with performance accuracy and selective attention scores. Binge drinkers exhibited lower theta power and dysregulated oscillatory synchrony to targets in the right inferior frontal cortex, which correlated with higher levels of alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:

These results confirm that a highly interactive network in the right inferior frontal cortex subserves attentional control, revealing the importance of theta oscillations and neural synchrony for attentional capture and contextual maintenance. Attenuation of theta power and synchronous interactions in binge drinkers may indicate early stages of suboptimal integrative processing in young, highly functioning binge drinkers.
Modulation of cerebral ketone metabolism following traumatic brain injury in humans
Authors: Bernini Adriano , Masoodi Mojgan , Solari Daria , Miroz John-Paul , Carteron Laurent , Christinat Nicolas , Morelli Paola , Beaumont Maurice , Abed-Maillard Samia , Hartweg Mickael , Foltzer Fabien , Eckert Philippe , Cuenoud Bernard , Oddo Mauro
Published: October 2018

Adaptive metabolic response to injury includes the utilization of alternative energy substrates – such as ketone bodies (KB) – to protect the brain against further damage. Here, we examined cerebral ketone metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 34 subjects) monitored with cerebral microdialysis to measure total brain interstitial tissue KB levels (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate). Nutrition – from fasting vs. stable nutrition state – was associated with a significant decrease of brain KB (34.7 [10th–90th percentiles 10.7–189] µmol/L vs. 13.1 [6.5–64.3] µmol/L, p < 0.001) and blood KB (668 [168.4–3824.9] vs. 129.4 [82.6–1033.8] µmol/L, p < 0.01). Blood KB correlated with brain KB (Spearman’s rho 0.56, p = 0.0013). Continuous feeding with medium-chain triglycerides-enriched enteral nutrition did not increase blood KB, and provided a modest increase in blood and brain free medium chain fatty acids. Higher brain KB at the acute TBI phase correlated with age and brain lactate, pyruvate and glutamate, but not brain glucose. These novel findings suggest that nutritional ketosis was the main determinant of cerebral KB metabolism following TBI. Age and cerebral metabolic distress contributed to brain KB supporting the hypothesis that ketones might act as alternative energy substrates to glucose. Further studies testing KB supplementation after TBI are warranted.
A Gift Economy Perspective on the Cycle of Financial Vulnerability
Authors: Cordeiro Rafaela Almeida , Wong Nancy , Ponchio Mateus Canniatti
Published: October 2018

Research on financial vulnerability has largely focused on the relationships between the economic environment, consumer financial activities and indebtedness, limiting our understanding of the role assumed by interpersonal relationships that underlie this socially embedded phenomenon. Using the common Brazilian practices of borrowing–lending amongst family and friends as the research context, we show that these practices can be viewed as a gift guided by the logic of a moral economy. Our findings show that individuals resort to the market economy to maintain a moral economy of credit which can be a blessing (when the extension of financial help to important others alleviates financial vulnerability by negotiating the marketplace) or a curse (when extension of financial help to others leads to one’s own financial constraints). This study illustrates an inverted gift giving process whereby the recipients’ own indulgence is presented as a monadic gift in accessing the dyadic gift giving relationship.
Proving the existence of loops in robot trajectories
Authors: Rohou Simon , Franek Peter , Aubry Clément , Jaulin Luc
Published: October 2018

In this paper we present a reliable method to verify the existence of loops along the uncertain trajectory of a robot, based on proprioceptive measurements only, within a bounded-error context. The loop closure detection is one of the key points in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods, especially in homogeneous environments with difficult scenes recognitions. The proposed approach is generic and could be coupled with conventional SLAM algorithms to reliably reduce their computing burden, thus improving the localization and mapping processes in the most challenging environments such as unexplored underwater extents. To prove that a robot performed a loop whatever the uncertainties in its evolution, we employ the notion of topological degree that originates in the field of differential topology. We show that a verification tool based on the topological degree is an optimal method for proving robot loops. This is demonstrated both on datasets from real missions involving autonomous underwater vehicles and by a mathematical discussion.
Hepatopulmonary fusion associated with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: management of this rare anomaly and a review of the literature
Authors: Almaramhy Hamdi H.
Published: October 2018

Hepatopulmonary fusion is a rare malformation that is often discovered during operative repair of right-sided congenital diaphragmatic defects. Based on a search using medical search engines, we only found 22 cases of hepatopulmonary fusion in the English literature worldwide to date. We describe herein a case of hepatopulmonary fusion with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a female neonate who presented with respiratory distress. We discuss management of this case and review the relevant literature.
Repair of a lateral malleolus defect with a composite pedicled second metatarsal flap
Authors: Chen Huihao , Yin Gang , Hou Chunlin , Zhao Liangyu , Lin Haodong
Published: October 2018

The patient was a 26-year-old man who fell while riding a motorcycle and friction led to defects in the lateral malleolus and soft tissue of the ankle. Although the wound surface healed with scarring and skin grafting, the patient had symptoms of ankle joint instability 4 months after the injury. Using a second metatarsal composite tissue flap with a dorsalis pedis artery pedicle, we repaired the soft tissue defect of the ankle and reconstructed the lateral malleolus. The head of the metatarsal bone was used to reconstruct the lateral malleolus and the flap was used to cover the wound surface. The distal fibula and metatarsus were completely healed 36 months postoperatively. The ankle had maintained stability at this time, with equal limb length and only a mild limitation of dorsal flexion in the ankle joint. The patient could walk, jog, and walk up and down stairs without limitations. There was no pain or limitation in activity at the donor site. Our findings suggest that the second metatarsal composite tissue flap with a dorsalis pedis artery pedicle is an effective option in reconstruction of the adult distal fibula.
Characteristics and Temporal Stability of Recurring Bottlenecks
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiak , Rouphail Nagui M. , Tanvir Shams
Published: October 2018

This study applies and updates a method which identifies and quantifies the extent of traffic congestion from recurring freeway bottlenecks. Additionally, the spatiotemporal stability of bottlenecks over an extended period was tested. Over time congestion at bottlenecks may increase, may decrease, or may migrate to other nearby locations. Analysis of stability is important since prioritizing and applying treatments at bottlenecks is a multiyear process. In addition, a robust method for selecting sensitivity based parameters to identify and quantify bottleneck effects is presented. Subsequently, a systematic framework is developed for tracking and archiving the spatiotemporal changes in the recurring bottlenecks. The proposed method is demonstrated on a case study on Interstate 40 in North Carolina using three years of probe data. A congestion speed ratio detection threshold of 0.7 and a probability of activation threshold of 33% for the study area were determined from a sensitivity test to ascertain their recurrence. The method identified 13 bottlenecks with their impacts ranging from 35 to 3,278 mi-hours of congestion per year. Eight bottlenecks either newly emerged or had their queues merged or shifted between successive years. Even spatially stable bottlenecks had significant variation in their activation frequency and queue length. Exploration of the changes in bottleneck severity and locations revealed the influence of a long-term work zone in the area and the effect of the rapid growth in traffic demand. Local agencies can use this method to shortlist recurring bottlenecks and track changes to plan mitigation strategies.
Serum β-glucuronidase activity as a biomarker for acute cholinesterase inhibitor pesticide poisoning
Authors: Beltagy Doha M , Sadek Kadry M , Hafez Amal S
Published: October 2018

β-glucuronidase (BG) activity is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis after exposure to organophosphorous (OP) pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in serum BG activity in patients with acute OP poisoning and to determine whether these changes correlate with the severity of poisoning. Thirty patients with anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning were included, besides 10 healthy volunteers as a control group. Serum activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and BG were measured for each subject on admission, then after 12 and 24 h. Serum levels of BuChE and BG in poisoned patients were significantly different from the control subjects; these differences persisted in repeated measurements. Moreover, the serum levels showed significant differences within each group of the three time points. A significant negative correlation was found between the serum activities of BuChE and BG in all groups at the three time points. In conclusion, serum BG activity seems a reliable marker for OP poisoning even when measured at 24 h after poisoning.
Depressive Symptoms Following Recent Sexual Assault: The Role of Drug and Alcohol Use, Acute Stress, and Assault Characteristics
Authors: Dir Allyson L. , Hahn Christine , Jaffe Anna E. , Stanton Kimberley , Gilmore Amanda K.
Published: October 2018

Sexual assault is a common traumatic experience that can have a wide-ranging impact on psychological functioning, including experience of depressive symptoms. Although many studies have examined lifetime rates of depression among those with sexual assault history, less is known regarding risk factors for depressive symptoms following recent sexual assault. The study examined whether drug use history is uniquely related to depressive symptoms following recent assault. N = 65 individuals, 95.4% female; 73.8% White; M( SD)age = 28.89 (10.29), who had recently experienced sexual assault (less than 60 days) and completed a SAMFE (sexual assault medical forensic examination) were interviewed via phone and completed questionnaires regarding depressive and acute/post-traumatic stress symptoms and substance use history. Demographic information as well as information related to the assault was also collected. 68.7% of the sample reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire, scores ⩾ 12). In a linear regression adjusted for acute/post-traumatic stress ( b = 0.26, p < .01) and other variables, polydrug use was significantly associated with depressive symptoms ( b = 3.26, p = .04). Single-drug use ( b = 0.96), physically forced sexual assault ( b = −1.11), victim–perpetrator relationship ( b = 0.15), prior sexual assault (b = −1.02), alcohol misuse ( b = −0.09), age ( b = 0.07), race ( b = 2.78), and days since assault ( b = −0.02) were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (all ps > .05). Results highlight the potential role of drug use history in increasing risk of experiencing clinically significant depressive symptoms following recent assault.
Acceptability of Violence Against Women Among the Roma Population in Spain
Authors: Vives-Cases Carmen , La Parra-Casado Daniel , Gil-González Diana , Caballero Pablo
Published: October 2018

Acceptability of violence against women (VAW) is a key dimension in addressing this social problem, given its influence on both the violent conduct of aggressors and the decisions of affected women. This study analyzes, for the first time, the magnitude of acceptability of VAW and associated factors in the Roma population in Spain. The Roma population is the largest ethnocultural minority in Europe. Data were analyzed from the Spanish National Health Survey of the Roma Population of 2014, a survey of 1,167 people identified as members of the Roma community. The results indicate that 70.9% of those surveyed completely reject VAW, with lower probability of acceptability among women than men (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.51, 0.86]). There is also a decrease in probability as income increases, in people who identify themselves as evangelical (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: [0.36, 0.71]) and among those who report being acquainted with a battered woman (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: [0.48, 0.97]), similarly in women and men. It has to be highlighted that the observed associations between socioeconomic conditions and acceptability of VAW should be considered when designing strategies for raising awareness about the consequences of VAW for the Roma population.
Impact of Size of Fire boot and SCBA Cylinder on Firefighters’ Mobility
Authors: Park Huiju , Kakar Rumit Singh , Pei Jie , Tome Joshua M. , Stull Jeffrey
Published: October 2018

The authors conducted biomechanical tests with 21 firefighters and found that there is a significant correlation between boot height and lower body mobility and that using a fixed boot height mandated by National Fire Protection Association 1971 standard decreased lower body ranges of motion during various firefighters’ job-related tasks. Statistical analysis of large anthropometric data also shows a fixed boot height cannot accommodate a wide range of firefighters’ leg length. These findings indicate that shorter firefighters are likely to have limited lower body mobility due to reduced clearance between the knee and top of the boot and thus decreased space causing greater mechanical binding between multiple layers of turnout pants. The authors discovered a greater negative impact of fixed length of self-contained breathing apparatus cylinder on short firefighters on their upper body mobility, evidenced by limited range of motion in neck extension and lumbopelvic flexion while carrying fire gear compared to without any fire gear.
“The State Pulled a Fast One on Us”: A Critical Policy Analysis of State-Level Policies Affecting English Learners From District-Level Perspectives
Authors: Sampson Carrie
Published: October 2018

States’ increasing involvement in educational policy making can play a significant role in how school districts provide equitable educational opportunities. Guided by critical policy analysis, the purpose of this article is to examine state-level policy pertaining to English learners (ELs) from district-level perspectives. Based on interview and archival data from a multiple case study of three metropolitan school districts in different states, district-level perspectives illustrate how these state-level policies were symbolic, restrictive, or exclusionary toward ELs. The results also demonstrate ways that districts advocated, engaged, resisted, and navigated state-level policies and politics. Based on these findings, I argue that state-level policies and related politics can compromise school districts’ ability to provide ELs with adequate educational opportunities.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the frame structure of missiles
Authors: Xu Yanli , Yang Zhengmao , Yue Baozeng , Zhao Liangyu
Published: October 2018

In this study, the high-performance and high-reliability of missiles were achieved under the background of the probabilistic analysis for frame structure of missiles. On the basis of deep investigation of the artificial neural network method and mathematical model of multiorder moment method, artificial neural network based higher order moment approach was proposed for the probabilistic analysis of complex structure. As illustrated in frame structure probabilistic analysis with multiphysics fields based on artificial neural network based higher order moment, the reliability and failure probability of frame structure were studied. Furthermore, it was shown that the radial concentrated force P and the outer radius of the frame R2 are the most important factors, and the inside radius of the frame R1 and the ultimate tensile strength of materials σ b also have an important influence on the frame structure. Through comparison with Monte Carlo simulation, second-order fourth-moment approach and the artificial neural network based first-order second-moment approach, it was demonstrated that artificial neural network based higher order moment reshapes the possibility of complex aero-missile probabilistic analysis and improves computing efficiency while preserving the accuracy. Artificial neural network based higher order moment offers a useful insight for missile reliability design and optimization with multi-discipline. The efforts of this study also enrich the theory and method of mechanical reliability design.
Bulk temperature prediction of a two-speed automatic transmission for electric vehicles using thermal network method and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Peng Jingyu , Wang Bing , Qin Datong , Ye Ming
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, the development of electric vehicle equipped with a two-speed automatic transmission has become a hotspot. As well known, the automatic transmission operates with power loss including gear meshing loss, bearing loss, and oil churning loss. This paper focuses on the bulk temperature prediction of a two-speed automatic transmission using thermal network method. An integrated model, including an efficiency model and a heat balance model, is proposed, which makes it possible to predict power loss, bulk temperature, and temperature distributions under different conditions. In the efficiency model, each part of power losses from gear meshes is studied to calculate the summation of mechanical power losses in the transmission, including losses of gear meshing, bearing and oil churning. In the heat balance model, the entire gearbox is divided into elements with a uniform temperature connected by thermal resistances which account for conduction, convection, and radiation, based upon the first law of thermodynamics for transient conditions. The effectiveness of bulk temperature prediction using thermal network method is validated by the comparison between simulation results and the experimental data. Consequently, this study on heat transfer characteristics, thermal characteristics, and bulk temperature prediction of the two-speed automatic transmission has significant academic and application values.
Challenges in developing a magnetic resonance–compatible haptic hand-controller for neurosurgical training
Authors: Maddahi Yaser , Zareinia Kourosh , Tomanek Boguslaw , Sutherland Garnette R
Published: October 2018

A haptic device is an actuated human–machine interface utilized by an operator to dynamically interact with a remote environment. This interaction could be virtual (virtual reality) or physical such as using a robotic arm. To date, different mechanisms have been considered to actuate the haptic device to reflect force feedback from the remote environment. In a low-force environment or limited working envelope, the control of some actuation mechanisms such as hydraulic and pneumatic may be problematic. In the development of a haptic device, challenges include limited space, high accuracy or resolution, limitations in kinematic and dynamic solutions, points of singularity, dexterity as well as control system development/design. Furthermore, the haptic interface designed to operate in a magnetic resonance imaging environment adds additional challenges related to electromagnetic interference, static/variable magnetic fields, and the use of magnetic resonance–compatible materials. Such a device would allow functional magnetic resonance imaging to obtain information on the subject’s brain activity while performing a task. When used for surgical trainees, functional magnetic resonance imaging could provide an assessment of surgical skills. In this application, the trainee, located supine within the magnet bore while observing the task environment on a graphical user interface, uses a low-force magnetic resonance–compatible haptic device to perform virtual surgical tasks in a limited space. In the quest to develop such a device, this review reports the multiple challenges faced and their potential solutions. The review also investigates efforts toward prototyping such devices and classifies the main components of a magnetic resonance–compatible device including actuation and sensory systems and materials used.
You That Read Wrong Again! A Transposed-Word Effect in Grammaticality Judgments
Authors: Mirault Jonathan , Snell Joshua , Grainger Jonathan
Published: October 2018

We report a novel transposed-word effect in speeded grammaticality judgments made about five-word sequences. The critical ungrammatical test sequences were formed by transposing two adjacent words from either a grammatical base sequence (e.g., “The white cat was big” became “The white was cat big”) or an ungrammatical base sequence (e.g., “The white cat was slowly” became “The white was cat slowly”). These were intermixed with an equal number of correct sentences for the purpose of the grammaticality judgment task. In a laboratory experiment ( N = 57) and an online experiment ( N = 94), we found that ungrammatical decisions were harder to make when the ungrammatical sequence originated from a grammatically correct base sequence. This provides the first demonstration that the encoding of word order retains a certain amount of uncertainty. We further argue that the novel transposed-word effect reflects parallel processing of words during written sentence comprehension combined with top-down constraints from sentence-level structures.
Early Holocene water well in the Pampas of Argentina: Human responses to water shortage events
Authors: Martínez Gustavo , Gutiérrez María A
Published: October 2018

Water wells are ethnographically and archaeologically described in Australia and the plains of North America. Recently, a prehistoric water well from the early Holocene was recorded in the Pampas of Argentina. The aim of this paper is to present the main characteristics of the water well, considering its form, dimension, sediment analyses (texture and chemical parameters), and material culture content. This is the first water well recorded in the Pampas of Argentina. Consequently, a discussion about natural or cultural origins of this kind of features is provided. An evaluation of similarities and differences with well-described water wells from the United States and Australia is included in order to highlight the cultural origin of the pit. Also, the meaning of the cultural response to water availability in terms of early-Holocene hunter–gatherer adaptations as well as the implications of this strategy for understanding paleoenvironmental scenarios of the Pampas of Argentina are discussed. The well seems to have mitigated an exceptional lack of surface water in the eastern Pampas or offered an alternative for the non-drinkable quality of the available surface water. The strategy of digging water wells was available in the behavioral repertoire of the Pampean hunter–gatherer populations as early as c. 8700–8000 14C yr BP ( c. 9700–8800 cal. yr BP), as these groups were fairly flexible and resilient in dealing with short-term shortages of water.
Consent, Conjugality and Crime: Hegemonic Constructions of Rape Laws in India
Authors: Garg Arushi
Published: October 2018

‘Promise to marry cases’ are those in which a victim is deceived into having sex with the defendant, based on a dishonest promise of marriage. Rape laws in India are designed to punish such defendants. These cases represent a significant proportion of rape cases in the legal system but remain under-researched. Drawing from postcolonial feminism and intersectionality theory, this article provides a socio-legal exposition of ‘promise to marry’ cases. This analysis is based on the total population of judgments in promise to marry cases, which were issued by Delhi trial courts from January to June in 2014 and 2016. It is found that courts propagate a heteronormative, intracaste, intracommunal construction of marriage while enforcing seemingly neutral rape laws. Given the prejudicial application of law, it is concluded that the use of criminal law in promise to marry cases is inappropriate.
The End of Ombudsmen? 21st-Century Journalism and Reader Representatives
Authors: Ferrucci Patrick
Published: October 2018

In May 2017, the New York Times announced it would eliminate its public editor position, something a number of news organizations have done recently. Using the theory of metajournalistic discourse and textual analysis as a methodology, this study examines how actors within or on the boundaries of journalism reacted to the news and defined the ombudsman position. The data illustrated that today’s public editor should be a watchdog, perform public relations functions, be a conduit between readers and a newsroom, and build trust with readership. Finally, the author then argues the merit of the position in today’s journalism industry.
Freedom From Chew: Using Social Branding to Reduce Chewing Tobacco Use Among Country Peer Crowd Teens
Authors: Wagner Dana E. , Fernandez Priscilla , Jordan Jeffrey W. , Saggese Daniel J.
Published: October 2018

Background. Peer crowds are macro-level, reputation-based subcultures with shared preferences, values, and behavior. The Country peer crowd has been the focus of tobacco industry research and marketing but has yet to be the primary focus of public health research. The current study explores the utility of Down and Dirty, a Social Branding tobacco education campaign, in changing Virginia Country teens’ chewing tobacco-related attitudes and behavior. The relationship between chew use and Country peer crowd identification was also explored. Method. To evaluate the campaign, a cross-sectional survey was administered online for 3 years from 2014 to 2016. Responses were collected via social media advertisements targeting 13- to 18-year-old Country youth from Virginia (total n = 1,264). Participants reported peer crowd identification, chew-related attitudes and behavior, and campaign engagement and appeal. Results. Compared with Wave 1, Waves 2 and 3 Country teens who engaged with Down and Dirty had greater odds of holding strong attitudes against chew. Among campaign-engaged Country teens, odds of chew use were lower at Waves 2 and 3, and lower odds were associated with liking the campaign. Related to chew prevalence, Country teens demonstrated greater odds of past 30-day chew use compared to non-Country teens, and higher Country identification was associated with greater odds of chew use. Discussion. Down and Dirty is a promising intervention associated with positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes for high-risk Country teens. Additionally, this study helps document tobacco-related behavioral patterns of the Country peer crowd, a priority for ongoing tobacco education, especially around chew.
Evaluation of the Class Pass Intervention: An Application to Improve Classroom Behavior in Children With Disabilities
Authors: Narozanick Taylor , Blair Kwang-Sun Cho
Published: October 2018

The Class Pass Intervention (CPI) is designed to be implemented within School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) to decrease disruptive behavior and teach replacement behavior for students needing Tier 2 intervention. The CPI has two components: (a) providing negative reinforcement for requesting a break by using a class pass, and (b) providing positive reinforcement for continued engagement in activities without breaks by exchanging unused passes. The purpose of the present study was to extend the literature on the CPI by further evaluating the impact of the first component of the CPI on mild to moderate disruptive behavior, hypothesized to be maintained by social negative reinforcement, and academic engagement of three elementary school students with disabilities. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to demonstrate the impact of the CPI on student behavior during a problematic academic time period. The results indicated that the use of CPI was functionally related to a decrease in disruptive behavior and increase in academic engagement for all participating students whose problem behavior was hypothesized to be maintained by social reinforcement. Results were maintained for one participant while fading the magnitude of the intervention. Students and teachers rated CPI as effective and acceptable.
Cystic roof collapse after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant, a case report
Authors: Romano Francesco , Albertini Giorgia Carlotta , Arrigo Alessandro , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Bandello Francesco
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Disorders of vitreoretinal interface represent a rare complication of intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. Our report describes a new mechanism resulting in cystic roof collapse and emphasizes the importance of a strict optical coherence tomography evaluation during therapy with dexamethasone injection in order to prevent this rare complication.

Purpose:

To describe the rupture of the cystic roof following treatment with sustained-release dexamethasone implant intravitreal injection (Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine) for macular edema.

Case report:

A 71-year-old woman with a known history of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion in her right eye presented to our ophthalmology department complaining of vision loss after she underwent the fourth dexamethasone injection. Diffuse retinal hemorrhages and a reddish foveal lesion with hyperpigmented borders were observed on dilated fundus examination. On the other hand, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) revealed the roof dismantlement of a previously documented cyst, giving rise to a lamellar macular hole, with a stable epiretinal membrane in close proximity. On a 12-month follow-up, no anatomical or functional changes were observed.

Conclusion:

This report depicts a new mechanism leading to macular hole as a complication of numerous intravitreal dexamethasone injections, resulting in cystic roof collapse. Although we acknowledge the rarity of this complication, our case emphasizes the role of constant spectral domain optical coherence tomography evaluation of the vitreoretinal interface, even in long-standing macular edema without marked signs of vitreous traction.