bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850), a senior synonym of Planiliza affinis (Günther, 1861) with a re-evaluation of keeled back mullets (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae)
Authors: HASAN MOHAMMAD EUSUF , HASAN ARIBA , BÉAREZ PHILIPPE , SHEN KANG-NING , CHANG CHIH-WEI , TRAN THANH THI VIET , GOLANI DANIEL , AL-SABOONCHI AZHAR , SIDDIQUI PIRZADA JAMAL AHMED , DURAND JEAN-DOMINIQUE
Published: October 2022

The taxonomic status of the keeled back mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) has been reinvestigated. Two nominal mugilid species having keeled backs from East Asia: Mugil lauvergnii Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850 and Mugil affinis Günther, 1861 have been re-evaluated through examination of the holotypes and fresh specimens. Comparison of morpho-meristic characters of the holotypes shows that both species are identical. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) confirmed morphological data by highlighting presence of a single clade from East Asia. Mugil lauvergnii (=Planiliza lauvergnii) is thus the sole keeled back mullet from East Asia and a senior synonym of Mugil affinis (=Planiliza affinis). The taxonomic status of two other keeled back mullets, Planiliza carinata and P. klunzingeri, is also contentious due to their similar morphology. Meristic and morphometric variation as well as sequence divergence between the two species are limited but phylogenetic analyses delineate well-supported clades consistent with biogeography and currently accepted taxonomy. Planiliza carinata and P. klunzingeri share a recent common ancestor in a Maximum Likelihood tree, with separate distribution ranges while P. lauvergnii formed a paraphyletic lineage. Based on present findings, we suggest maintenance of the taxonomic distinction of P. klunzingeri and P. carinata and discuss its evolutionary significance.
DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups
Authors: OPLER PAUL A. , STOUT TODD L. , BACK WERNER , ZHANG JING , CONG QIAN , SHEN JINHUI , GRISHIN NICK V.
Published: October 2022

The mitochondrial DNA COI barcode segment sequenced from American Anthocharis specimens across their distribution ranges partitions them into four well-separated species groups and reveals different levels of differentiation within these groups. The lanceolata group experienced the deepest divergence. About 2.7% barcode difference separates the two species: A. lanceolata Lucas, 1852 including A. lanceolata australis (F. Grinnell, 1908), from A. desertolimbus J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998. The sara group consists of three species distinctly defined by more than 2% sequence divergence: A. sara Lucas, 1852, A. julia W. H. Edwards, 1872, and A. thoosa (Scudder, 1878). Our treatment is fully consistent with morphological evidence largely based on the characters of fifth instar larvae and pupal cone curvature (Stout, 2005, 2018). In barcodes, it is not possible to see evidence of introgression or hybridization between the three species, and identification by morphology of immature stages always agrees with DNA barcode identification. Interestingly, A. thoosa exhibited the largest intraspecific divergence in DNA barcodes, and several of its metapopulations are identifiable by haplotypes. The cethura group is characterized by the smallest divergence and is best considered as a single species variable in expression of yellow coloration: A cethura C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865. Notably, the most sexually dimorphic subspecies A. cethura morrisoni W. H. Edwards, 1881 is the most distinct by the barcodes. Finally, the midea group barcodes do not always separate A. midea (Hübner, [1809]) and A. limonea (A. Butler, 1871) and we observe gradual accumulation of differences from north (northeastern USA) to south (Hidalgo, Mexico). This barcode gradient suggests a recent origin of the two midea group species and provides another example of vicariant sister species well defined by morphology, ecology and geography, but not necessarily by DNA barcodes.
The Future of Supercells in the United States
Authors: Ashley Walker S. , Haberlie Alex M. , Gensini Vittorio A.
Published: October 2022

A supercell is a distinct type of intense, long-lived thunderstorm that is defined by its quasi-steady, rotating updraft. Supercells are responsible for most damaging hail and deadly tornadoes, causing billions of dollars in losses and hundreds of casualties annually. This research uses high-resolution, convection-permitting climate simulations across 15-yr epochs that span the twenty-first century to assess how supercells may change across the United States. Specifically, the study explores how late-twentieth-century supercell populations compare with their late-twenty-first-century counterparts for two—intermediate and pessimistic—anthropogenic climate change trajectories. An algorithm identifies, segments, and tracks supercells in the simulation output using updraft helicity, which measures the magnitude of corkscrew flow through a storm’s updraft and is a common proxy for supercells. Results reveal that supercells will be more frequent and intense in future climates, with robust spatiotemporal shifts in their populations. Supercells are projected to become more numerous in regions of the eastern United States, while decreasing in frequency in portions of the Great Plains. Supercell risk is expected to escalate outside of the traditional severe storm season, with supercells and their perils likely to increase in late winter and early spring months under both emissions scenarios. Conversely, the latter part of the severe storm season may be curtailed, with supercells expected to decrease midsummer through early fall. These results suggest the potential for more significant tornadoes, hail, and extreme rainfall that, when combined with an increasingly vulnerable society, may produce disastrous consequences.
The Tropical Diurnal Cycle under Varying States of the Monsoonal Background Wind
Authors: Natoli Michael B. , Maloney Eric D.
Published: October 2022

The impact of the environmental background wind on the diurnal cycle near tropical islands is examined in observations and an idealized model. Luzon Island in the northern Philippines is used as an observational test case. Composite diurnal cycles of CMORPH precipitation are constructed based on an index derived from the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of ERA5 zonal wind profiles. A strong precipitation diurnal cycle and pronounced offshore propagation in the leeward direction tends to occur on days with a weak, offshore prevailing wind. Strong background winds, particularly in the onshore direction, are associated with a suppressed diurnal cycle. Idealized high-resolution 2D Cloud Model 1 (CM1) simulations test the dependence of the diurnal cycle on environmental wind speed and direction by nudging the model base state toward composite profiles derived from the reanalysis zonal wind index. These simulations can qualitatively replicate the observed development, strength, and offshore propagation of diurnally generated convection under varying wind regimes. Under strong background winds, the land–sea contrast is reduced, which leads to a substantial reduction in the strength of the sea-breeze circulation and precipitation diurnal cycle. Weak offshore prevailing winds favor a strong diurnal cycle and offshore leeward propagation, with the direction of propagation highly sensitive to the background wind in the lower free troposphere. Offshore propagation speed appears consistent with density current theory rather than a direct coupling to a single gravity wave mode, though gravity waves may contribute to a destabilization of the offshore environment.
Evaluating Common Characteristics of Antarctic Tropopause Polar Vortices
Authors: Gordon Andrea E. , Cavallo Steven M. , Novak Amanda K.
Published: October 2022

Tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are coherent circulations that occur over polar regions and can be identified by a local minimum in potential temperature and local maximum in potential vorticity. Numerous studies have focused on TPVs in the Arctic region; however, no previous studies have focused on the Antarctic. Given the role of TPVs in the Northern Hemisphere with surface cyclones and other extreme weather, and the role that surface cyclones can play on moisture transport and sea ice breakup, it is important to understand whether similar associations exist in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, characteristics of TPVs in the Antarctic are evaluated for the first time under the hypothesis that their characteristics do not significantly differ from those of the Northern Hemisphere. To improve understanding of Antarctic TPV characteristics, this study examines TPVs of the Southern Hemisphere and compares them to their Northern Hemisphere counterparts from 1979 to 2018 using ERA-Interim data. Common characteristics of TPVs including frequency, locations, lifetimes, strength, and seasonality are evaluated. Results indicate that topography correlates to the geographic distribution of TPVs and the locations of local maxima TPV occurrence, as observed in the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, TPVs in the Southern Hemisphere exhibit seasonal variations for amplitude, lifetime, and minimum potential temperature. Southern Hemisphere TPVs share many similar characteristics to those observed in the Northern Hemisphere, including longer summer lifetimes. The association of Southern Hemisphere TPVs and surface cyclone frequency is explored, and it appears that TPVs have a precursory role to surface cyclones, as seen in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Ensemble Tangent Linear Model Applied to Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag
Authors: Allen Douglas R. , Hodyss Daniel , Hoppel Karl W. , Nedoluha Gerald E.
Published: October 2022

An essential component of four-dimensional variational data assimilation is the tangent linear model (TLM), which is a linearized version of the full nonlinear forecast model. A relatively new approach to calculating the TLM is a regression model called the ensemble tangent linear model (ETLM). Here we validate the ETLM for linearizing a nonorographic gravity wave drag (NGWD) subgrid-scale model. The regression is applied to an ensemble created by perturbing the atmospheric state and calculating one time step of the NGWD model. The ETLM is validated using independent perturbations based on archived analysis increments. We examine how the skill of the NGWD ETLM depends on the choice of ensemble perturbation, ensemble size, amount of ensemble inflation/deflation, and the size of the localization stencil. After examining the nearly perfect results using a large ETLM ensemble (100 000 members), optimal tuning is then performed for 150–500 members. For smaller ETLM ensembles, spurious noise due to sampling error could be reduced either by downscaling the perturbations or by localizing the ETLM. The impact of localization decreases as the ETLM ensemble size increases. We then validate the ETLM using one year of archived DA analysis increments. The skill varies over time with percentage errors relative to persistence forecasts (where 100% is no skill, 0% is a perfect forecast) generally ranging from ∼50% to 90% (∼40% to 80%) for ETLMs with 150 (500) members. The ETLM is also shown to propagate small increments (1% of the size of analysis increments) with fractional errors of ∼10%.
Systematic Review of Gender and Humanitarian Situations Across Africa
Authors: Nwoke Chikezirim , Cochrane Logan
Published: October 2022

For decades, as evidenced in programming and research, the humanitarian community has recognised gender equality and equity as integral to effective programming and response. Drawing upon ninety-nine publications indexed on the Web of Science and Google Scholar, this paper explores available evidence on gender and crisis settings in Africa to synthesise and critically analyse what is being learned. We found that limited research and programming have explicitly aimed to have gender transformative impacts, and those that do fail to adequately declare or reflect on the biases and intricacies of aiming to transform social norms in complex sociocultural contexts. Additionally, this review examines the trend of the body of research, highlighting the affiliation of authors and the geographical areas of focus. Evidence shows that research in this area is dominated by scholars affiliated with institutions in the Global North, raising questions relating to knowledge production and epistemic injustice in Africa.
Penetrating buttock trauma is morbid but rarely fatal - A South African experience
Authors: Kong Victor , Ko Jonathan , Thirayan Varun , Leow Priscilla , Lim Jia , Bruce John , Laing Grant , Clarke Damian
Published: October 2022

Background

Penetrating injuries to the buttock are relatively rare but are associated with significant morbidity. This study aimed to review our experience in managing penetrating trauma to the buttocks to contextualize the injury, document the most common associated injuries, and generate an algorithm to assist with the management of these patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma center in South Africa over 8 years (January 2012 to January 2020). All patients presenting with a penetrating buttock injury were included.

Results

Our study included 40 patients. Gunshot wounds accounted for 93% (37/40), stab wounds accounted for 5% (2/40), and 1 case was gored by a cow. The majority (98%) underwent further investigation in the form of imaging or endoscopy. Forty percent (16/40) required surgical intervention. Of these 16 cases, 14 required a laparotomy, and 2 required gluteal exploration. Fifty-six percent (9/16) required a stoma. Five percent (2/40) experienced one or more complications, both of whom had stomas. The median length of stay for all patients was 3 days, whereas for the patients with stomas was 7 days. There were no ICU admissions or mortality in this study. Only 3 of the 9 stomas were reversed, and the median time to reversal was 16 months.

Conclusion

Penetrating trauma to the buttock may result in injuries to surrounding vital structures, which must be actively excluded. Rectal injury was the most common injury, and most required a defunctioning colostomy as part of the management resulting in significant morbidity.
Communion without Baptism and the Paradox of the Cross
Authors: Bowman Hannah
Published: October 2022

Communion without baptism remains a controversial topic in The Episcopal Church, with many parishes practicing it in violation of the canons of the church. Drawing on recent scholarly arguments both for and against the practice of opening the table to all comers, this article brings a new perspective to the discourse, emphasizing the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist to suggest a way of interpreting the “open table” as an audacious proclamation of the scandalous nature of the gospel of Christ crucified. The cross of Christ, as the reality underlying the eucharistic sacrament, provides a way out of the controversy concerning the practice of open communion.
Effect of Preeclampsia and Gestational diabetes mellitus on Neonatal Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions: A Tertiary Care Center Study
Authors: Samanth Rakshitha , Shenoy Vijendra , Sreedharan Suja , Ravi Rohit , Kudlu Kshithi , Bajpai Sanchit , Dhawan Saksham
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

To determine whether preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cochlear damage and sensorineural hearing impairment in infants.

Materials and Methods:

Longitudinal study was conducted in 2 tertiary referral centers. 1068 neonates were included, who were born to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and healthy mothers. The hearing evaluation was done using DPOAE on day 2 and for those who failed the initial DPOAE on day 2, underwent repeat DPOAE on day 15, ABR was done on day 30 if repeat DPOAE was Refer. The results were compared between the groups and analyzed.

Results:

On initial DPOAE, bilateral ear absent DPOAE rates were 19.5%, 15.8%, and 3.5% among preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), control groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( P < .001). Also it was noted that absent DPOAE was significantly high at low and mid frequencies (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) in bilateral ear. However the difference in repeat DPOAE among the groups were not significant (Right ear P = .17, Left ear P = .31). Infants who failed repeat DPOAE test underwent ABR test in which 3 of GDM group, 2 infants of preeclampsia group and 1 infant of control group had absent ABR test.

Conclusion:

This study reveals that GDM and preeclampsia showed remarkable association of hearing loss at lower and mid frequencies which was transient. The prevalence of absent DPOAE was corresponding to the severity of the maternal conditions under the study.
Spectral Similarity: Full-Wavelength Range Calibration of Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Meuse Curtis W. , Rubinson Kenneth A.
Published: October 2022

Circular dichroism (CD) measurements help characterize optically active molecules and higher-order biomolecular structures. The harmonization of interlaboratory CD measurements requires minimizing measurement uncertainties and determinate errors. Most CD measurements utilize a single-wavelength intensity measurement at a spectral peak to calibrate the intensities of the ultraviolet wavelength range. However, such a single-wavelength calibration is inherently less precise than using the CD instrument's spectrum over the entire measured spectral range. A more thorough and informative calibration can be achieved by remapping the spectrum into what we call a spectral similarity plot. This process allows a straightforward, quantitative evaluation of the shape congruence between two spectra over the full spectral range. While preliminary analyses suggest spectral similarity plots can be utilized with a variety of different spectrometry methods, here we illustrate the process applied to circular dichroism. Spectral similarity plots are highly sensitive to deviations due to differences in concentration, pathlength, source and detector properties, circular polarization balance, as well as wavelength nonlinearities and shifts. Deviations in these properties can be quantitated by a linear least squares fit of the remapped data. The remapping enables protocols to correct spectra toward congruence between two spectra. The spectra similarity comparison provides an objective, unambiguous test of the CD instrument quality when, for example, compared to a carefully calibrated system as shown in the examples described in the text.
Integrated Occupational Therapy Camp for Children with Regulation/Sensory Processing Differences: Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Stackhouse Tracy M. , Burke Hannah K. , Hacker Colleen G. , Burke Lynette M. , Hui Caroline E. , Osten Beth , Lane Shelly J.
Published: October 2022

Background. Integration of occupational therapy into a camp environment may support participation for children with neurodevelopmental differences, but evidence is limited. Purpose. This study examines the effects of participation of children with regulation/sensory processing differences at one such integrated camp on parent-established functional goals. Method. We used a pre-test/post-test repeated measures cohort design. Individualized goals were established with parents three months before camp using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) ( n = 82, child ages 4–13). Parents re-rated goals immediately before, one month after, and three months after camp. Findings. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed improvement in occupational performance over the week of camp significantly exceeded change within the three months prior. Improvements remained stable three months post-camp. Implications. Integrating occupational therapy within a camp setting is beneficial for children with neurodevelopmental differences. The COPM can be integrated into a camp setting to document meaningful change in individualized parent-established goals.
Factors Associated With Clinician Self-Reported Resource Use in Acute Care and Ambulatory Pediatrics
Authors: Navanandan Nidhya , McNulty Monica C. , Suresh Krithika , Freeman Julia , Scherer Laura D. , Tyler Amy
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study is to determine predictors of resource use among pediatric providers for common respiratory illnesses. We surveyed pediatric primary care, emergency department (ED)/urgent care (UC), and hospital medicine providers at a free-standing children’s hospital system. Five clinical vignettes assessed factors affecting resource use for upper respiratory infections, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, including provider-type, practice location, tolerance to uncertainty, and medical decision-making behaviors. The response rate was 75.3% (168/223). The ED/UC and primary care providers had higher vignette scores, indicating higher resource use, compared with inpatient providers; advanced practice providers (APPs) had higher vignette scores compared with physicians. In multivariate analysis, being an ED/UC provider, an APP, and greater concern for bad outcomes were associated with higher vignette scores. Overall, provider type and location of practice may predict resource use for children with respiratory illnesses. Interventions targeted at test-maximizing providers may improve quality of care and reduce resource burden.
The design and process of a family and community-based intervention for relapse prevention in people living with schizophrenia in Iran
Authors: Zabihi Poursaadati Maryam , Maarefvand Masoomeh , Bolhari Jafar , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Khubchandani Jagdish
Published: October 2022

Background:

People living with schizophrenia (PLS) suffer frequent relapse accompanied by emergency room visits, premature mortality, lower quality of life and a substantial social and economic burden on families and health systems. There is a dearth of community-based relapse prevention interventions (RPIs) in Iran.

Aims:

To determine an ideal model for a community-based RPIs for PLS.

Methods:

A qualitative study with 27 experts in Iran was carried out to understand the ideal RPIs for PLS and the key components of such interventions.

Results:

In 16 semi-structured interviews and 8 group-discussions, the participants identified six major stages of family and community-based RPIs including preparation, social mobilization, local team formation, design an RPI, implementing the RPI, participatory monitoring, and evaluation of the RPI.

Conclusions:

Given the suboptimal healthcare systems and lack of professionals and services, PLS in Iran may benefit from family and community-based RPIs. Our findings warrant pilot testing of such initiatives across developing communities like Iran to improve health outcomes of PLS.
From Entombment to Entertainment: Death Ritual in Disney Animation
Authors: Lammon Marissa
Published: October 2022

The presentation of death in popular culture via media texts can not only serve as a reflection of death’s religious and cultural nuances, but also occupies the potential to influence specific audiences. As developing social beings, children witness ample death-related messaging, including how to deal with death through ritualistic practices. The following article considers the observation of character behavior as an important element to message dissemination and uses 15 animated Disney films to analyze death ritual. Through various themes rooted in symbolism and mythos, Disney demonstrates within these films how death rituals in children’s media remain imbedded with cultural and religious ideology.
When the Margins Talk Back
Authors: Raffety Erin
Published: October 2022

Communication theory reminds us that listening is always interrogative, relational, and never without politics. The articles in this collection are the first attempt to witness as listeners to what young people have shared in this research, amplifying a “youth ecclesiology” (Benjamin Conner), the prophetic ministry of young people (Justin Forbes), the importance of aesthetics in confronting dehumanization (Katherine Douglass), the disruptive call of listening itself (Michael Mather), the persistent gaps in theologizing racial reconciliation (Kermit Moss), and the provocative love of Jesus (Megan DeWald). To this witness, I further probe how it is that marginal agitation can be found deeply faithful, draw out its theological contributions, and attempt to behold, yet not coopt, that radical openness that both Peter and Paul reveal to us as so slippery, subversive, and decentering. In other words, it is critical that theologians and congregations at the center not so much “let” the margins push back, because that fetishizes them, all the while subtly maintaining the center, but adopt the confessional mode that Conner, DeWald, Douglass, Forbes, Mather, and Moss lay out, while also witnessing to a Jesus, a God, and a Spirit that prod and agitate and transgress, because this God is at the margins, too.
Sugar and spice (and everything nice?): Japan’s ambition behind Lolita’s Kawaii aesthetics
Authors: Ngai Natalie
Published: October 2022

The global media and marketing phenomenon of Lolita fashions has charmed many with their kawaii (cute) aesthetics. This study argues that the kawaii aesthetics not only allows one to perform non-conforming femininity playfully, as previous studies have suggested, but it also embodies racial and national ideologies. This study uses an intersectional, transnational approach to investigate the retail catalogs of Lolita brands and fan publications. Findings reveal that Lolita marketing in Japan artfully appropriates whiteness through the kawaii aesthetics, which renders whiteness/Westernness less threatening and covers up Japan’s ambition to surpass the West with a spectacular and innocent mask. When kawaii aesthetics is repackaged for the Western market, the over-representation of whiteness is replaced by a fantasy of cross-racial sisterhood, subtly celebrating the superiority of the East Asian race. I call for an awareness of the appropriation of whiteness outside the United States and an intersectional reading of ‘postfeminist’ glamor.
Identifying Erythrocyte Injury in Toxicology Studies
Authors: Behling-Kelly Erica
Published: October 2022

The hematological impacts of a drug can affect erythropoiesis at the level of the bone marrow, or decrease the life span of the RBC (red blood cell). The most common and recognizable clinical manifestation of either type of drug-induced erythropoietic injury is a decrease in RBC mass, or what is clinically referred to as an anemia. A decrease in RBC production can generally be separated from increased destruction (hemolysis) by evaluation of the hemogram for evidence of regeneration. In most healthy mammalian species, hemolysis will result in a regenerative response characterized by an increase in circulating reticulocytes. Hemorrhage as an alternative cause of a regenerative anemia can generally be excluded by careful clinical evaluation of the animal. Subsequently, the investigation of a drug-induced regenerative anemia should involve a very thorough evaluation of RBC morphology for evidence of immune-mediated destruction, RBC oxidative injury, and fragmentation that can help to identify the underlying pathological mechanism(s) involved.
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Causes Necrohemorrhagic Pneumonia in Multiple Research Dogs
Authors: Coe Sarah E. , Magagna Michelle A. , Zimmerman Annie , George April , Carter Caitlyn , Dean Charissa , Nelson Keith
Published: October 2022

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli expressing cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) 1 and 2 virulence factors is a rarely reported cause of acute, fatal necrohemorrhagic pneumonia in canines. A review of cases of necrohemorrhagic pneumonia in beagles at our facility between 2013 and 2021 revealed 21 dogs that died or were euthanized after acute onset lethargy, dyspnea, and hemorrhage. Some affected animals had recently been transported to the facility. In all dogs, lung lobes were discolored dark red and consolidated. Histologic lesions in 17 of these included alveolar necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, fibrin, acute inflammation, and intralesional colonies of bacilli. Lung was cultured for 10 dogs with E. coli isolated and CNF1 identified by virulence factor PCR in 7 of those. Based on these findings, extraintestinal E. coli should be considered an important cause of acute fatal necrohemorrhagic pneumonia in purpose-bred beagle research dogs and may be associated with a recent history of transport.
New Deep Learning-Based Passenger Flow Prediction Model
Authors: Utku Anıl , Kaya Sema Kayapinar
Published: October 2022

The ability to predict passenger flow in transport networks is an important aspect of public transport management. It helps improve transport services, aids those responsible for management to obtain early warning signals of emergencies and unusual circumstances and, in general, makes cities smarter and safer. This paper develops a long short-term memory-based (LTSM-based) deep learning model to predict short-term transit passenger volume on transport routes in Istanbul. This prediction model has been created using a dataset that included the number of people who used different transit routes in Istanbul at one-hour intervals between January and December 2020. The proposed multilayer LSTM-based deep learning model has been compared with popular models such as random forest (RF), support vector machines, autoregressive integrated moving average, multilayer perceptron, and convolutional neural network. The experimental findings showed that the proposed multilayer LSTM-based deep learning model outperformed the other models with regard to prediction for each transfer route. Furthermore, RF, one of the machine learning models used, produced remarkably successful results.
Impacts of Precautionary and Opportunistic Buying Behaviors and Supply Issues on Supply Chain Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rivera-Royero Daniel , Jaller Miguel , Jenn Alan
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a text analytics approach using dictionary-based clustering, word counting data, and discrete regression modeling to study the relationship between demand behaviors and supply issues affecting supply chain resilience during the first stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The work used news and media articles gathered from the LexisNexis database covering 5 months between February and July 2020. The data analyses describe the general patterns in the news texts by using text mining techniques, and the methodology describes the relationship between consumer behavior, supply chain issues, and the reduced level of service shown during the study period. Demand behaviors include precautionary and opportunistic buying, which affected many countries and could be the result of a lack of perceived control and other factors; for example, near-empty shelves of certain products could have prompted consumers to increasingly look for comparable products, driving up demand. Additionally, the method explored the potential effect of strategies to mitigate impacts on the resilience of supply chains. The results confirmed that buying behaviors and a reduction in the capacity of the supply chain led to a lower level of service being perceived by consumers, however, resilience strategies were found to mitigate the impact of such capacity reductions. Empirical analyses showed that the proposed approach, using data extracted from the news, could identify and represent impacts consistent with expectations from the supply chain field under disruptions, and quantify the magnitude of the impacts as the pandemic evolved, providing more information for decision making.
Using Independent Contracting Arrangements in Integrated Care Programs for Older Adults: Implications for Clients and the Home Care Workforce in a Time of Neoliberal Restructuring
Authors: Kehoe MacLeod Krystal
Published: October 2022

Integrated care programs reshape the processes of health and social care delivery in the home care sector to be more continuous, cooperative, equitable, and efficient. An independent contracting model is one approach being used to overcome issues related to home care fragmentation. To better understand the implications of this model of service delivery for clients and carers, interviews were conducted in 2013 with 22 key informants. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and interpreted using a feminist political economy framework. This study finds that independent contracting arrangements improve care continuity for clients while simultaneously reinforcing precarious working conditions for home care workers. This research calls for reform to this model of service delivery to better support home care workers as they provide the care necessary for older adults to age in place.
Oil and Disorder: Youth Crime in North Dakota Boom Communities
Authors: Ruddell Rick , O'Connor Christopher D. , John Wilson Stuart
Published: October 2022

Juveniles contribute to crime in natural resource-based boom communities, but there has been very little research examining the extent of their involvement. To respond to this gap in the literature, two indicators of youth arrests and court referrals in North Dakota—the state hardest hit by the 2000s oil boom—were examined. Although arrest rates for North Dakota youth were more than two times higher than the national average in 2019, almost three-quarters of them were for minor offenses. In addition, arrest and court referral rates in oil-producing counties were lower than those for non oil-producing counties. When controlling for demographic and economic factors, and county-specific fixed effects in panel analyses from 2011 to 2019, oil production is negatively associated with youth arrest rates, but positively associated with juvenile court referrals. However, oil-producing counties had very strong county-specific fixed effects which on average raised youth arrest and court referral rates. Arrest rates were also positively associated with unemployment rates while median household income was negatively associated with Group B offenses and juvenile court referrals. Implications for future research into the boom-crime relationship are discussed in light of these findings.
The Perceived Impact of the Namaste Care Family Program on Nursing Home Residents with Dementia, Staff, and Family Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Smaling Hanneke J.A. , Francke Anneke L. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Joling Karlijn J. , van der Steen Jenny T.
Published: October 2022

Objective(s): To examine the perspectives of staff, and family caregivers (i.e., family, friends, and volunteers) on the impact of the Namaste Care Family program on all involved. The Namaste Care Family program is a structured program for people with advanced dementia based on a palliative care approach in which family caregivers provide daily sessions together with staff with the aim to increase residents’ quality of life. Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, we interviewed 12 family caregivers, and 31 staff members from 10 nursing homes. Data was analyzed thematically. Results: A perceived impact of the program was identified for the residents, staff, and family caregivers. For residents, this included well-being, more engagement, enhanced interactions, changes in energy level, and weight gain. The impact on family caregivers included a more positive view of people with dementia, changes in family visits, mixed feelings during sessions, and mixed changes in relations with all involved. For staff, this included diverse work experiences, shift to more person-centered care (more time and attention for residents, and more awareness), and developing relationships with residents and colleagues. Conclusions: The Namaste Care Family program was valued for its observed benefits and shift towards a person-centered care culture.
Enablers and Barriers of Community Garden Use in New Orleans, Louisiana: An Environmental Assessment and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Cornfield Julie , Odinga Harmonii , Kermani Jaleh , Theall Katherine P. , Chaparro M. Pia
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To explore factors associated with community garden use.

Approach

Environmental assessment of community gardens and semi-structured interviews.

Setting

New Orleans, Louisiana.

Participants

10 community gardens (environmental assessment), 20 community members (including garden users and non-users) and garden administrators (qualitative interviews).

Method

Gardens were assessed based on (1) accessibility, (2) information, (3) design, (4) cleanliness, (5) walkability, (6) parking, and (7) noise. Semi-structured interviews took place over Zoom; transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Gardens assessed in the environmental assessment ranked high in design and cleanliness but low on accessibility and information availability. Salient themes from the qualitative interviews include skill-building, access to fresh foods, and increased social engagement as enablers of community garden participation, with availability of information and time as both potential enablers of, or barriers to, participation. Community members perceived that gardens could increase fresh food access, while administrators believed that it is not possible for community gardens to produce enough food to create community-wide impact, highlighting instead the importance of the social aspects of the garden as beneficial for health.

Conclusion

Community gardens should improve garden physical accessibility and information availability to incentivize use. Community gardens are valued as means for skill-building and social engagement. Future research should prioritize investigating the association between the social aspects of participating in community gardens and health outcomes.
Beyond instrumentalist leadership in schools: Educative leadership and anarcho-syndicates
Authors: Chatelier Stephen , Van Dermijnsbrugge Elke
Published: October 2022

Taking our cue from Gunter and Courtney’s critique of dominant discourses in the field of educational leadership, and their engagement with the concept of educative leadership as inclusive and activist, in this article we aim to deepen and expand the discussion of educative leadership. Our interest in educative leadership begins with the assumption that schools are complex spaces of human interactivity in which contestation over beliefs, values, and morals is inevitable. In drawing on insights first developed in the 1980s as part of the Educative Leadership Project in Australia, we attempt to articulate a concept and set of practices that could function as an alternative to the largely performative and managerial nature of contemporary school leadership. We seek to supplement Gunter and Courtney, drawing on theories pertaining to the structure of anarcho-syndicates in an attempt to make the argument that inclusive and non-hierarchical leadership is not the same as structureless organisation. Finally, in arguing for the centrality of education to the work of schools, we advocate for further engagement with the concept of educative leadership within the field of school leadership and management.
The effects of the elastic foundations on the frequency of the viscoelastic FG porous doubly-curved macro/nanosize shell subjected to hygro-thermo-magnetic fields using a novel quasi-3D shell theory
Authors: Gao Enjuan , Wang Bingbing , Mohammadi Reza
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the size-dependent dynamic behavior of the viscoelastic functionally graded (FG) porous doubly-curved macro/nanosize shells rested on various foundations based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). Also, a parametric study was conducted to describe the impact of small-scale parameters, magneto-hygro-thermal environments, as well as Winkler, Pasternak, and Kerr foundations on the vibration characteristics of the system. A novel quasi-3D shell model is developed to scrutinize the dynamics of the structure by dividing the transverse displacement into deflection and thickness stretching components. For porosity-dependent dynamic analysis, two different types of porosity distributions are considered. A novel higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is employed to reflect the shear effects along the system thickness. Hamilton’s principle and Kelvin–Voigt damping effects are utilized to obtain the governing equations of motion. The Navier solution approach is applied to acquire the dynamic response of the panel with simply-supported boundary conditions. It is indicated that the vibration frequency of the considered system is substantially affected by the porosity volume fraction, FG index, porosity distribution, foundation parameters, feedback control gain, viscoelastic structural damping, and length-to-thickness ratio of the structure.
Radiative flow of nanofluid past a convected vertical Riga plate with activation energy and nonlinear heat generation
Authors: Alhowaity Awatif , Mehmood Yasir , Hamam Haneen , Bilal Muhammad
Published: October 2022

This article presents an analysis of the radiative flow of nanofluid past a convected vertical Riga plate with activation energy and nonlinear heat generation. A Riga plate is a surface-mounted electromagnetic actuator with a spanwise aligned array of alternating electrodes and permanent magnets. The aforementioned rheological model is formulated in the way of the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is obtained from the modeled nonlinear PDEs by incorporating valid similarity transformations. The system of ODEs is then figured out by the reliable shooting method. The effects of mixed convection, modified Hartmann number, Biot number, thermophoresis, Eckert number, reaction rate, the width of magnets and electrodes, and Lewis and Prandtl numbers on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are investigated graphically and numerically. It is found that the speed of the fluid can be managed with the separation of magnets and electrodes. Further, the concentration of nanofluid is significantly enhanced in the presence of activation energy. Also, the nonlinear exponential index parameter of heat generation declines the temperature of the fluid. Further, it is found that in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and nonlinear heat generation, the Nusselt number increases averagely by about 11.3%.
Spatial Representations Without Spatial Computations
Authors: Gatti Daniele , Marelli Marco , Vecchi Tomaso , Rinaldi Luca
Published: October 2022

Cognitive maps are assumed to be fundamentally spatial and grounded only in perceptual processes, as supported by the discovery of functionally dedicated cell types in the human brain, which tile the environment in a maplike fashion. Challenging this view, we demonstrate that spatial representations—such as large-scale geographical maps—can be as well retrieved with high confidence from natural language through cognitively plausible artificial-intelligence models on the basis of nonspatial associative-learning mechanisms. More critically, we show that linguistic information accounts for the specific distortions observed in tasks when college-age adults have to judge the geographical positions of cities, even when these positions are estimated on real maps. These findings indicate that language experience can encode and reproduce cognitive maps without the need for a dedicated spatial-representation system, thus suggesting that the formation of these maps is the result of a strict interplay between spatial- and nonspatial-learning principles.
Merely Folklore? The Role of a Growth Mindset in the Taking and Timing of Entrepreneurial Actions
Authors: Li Haiyan , Ozdemir Salih Zeki , Heslin Peter A.
Published: October 2022

Why do some potential entrepreneurs promptly engage in entrepreneurial behavior while others do not pursue their entrepreneurial intentions or delay acting? This study investigated whether potential entrepreneurs’ mindset shapes engaging in entrepreneurial behavior and the time until they do so. Over a 16-month period, holding more of a growth (vs. fixed) mindset positively predicted taking various entrepreneurial actions and doing so sooner. Interestingly, these effects vanished when individuals faced a less challenging context for entrepreneurship. Post-hoc exploratory analyses revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the impact of mindsets on entrepreneurial behavior. These findings pave the way for preliminary research on the viability of growth mindset interventions for fostering entrepreneurial behavior.
Mapping Coercive Violence
Authors: Monterrosa Allison E. , Hattery Angela J.
Published: October 2022

We conceptualize a new and distinct form of intimate partner violence: coercive violence. Coercive violence is a form of intimate partner violence in which the abuser intentionally engages in acts that expose his partner to state surveillance and violence at the behest of institutions or the state, including the child welfare system and the criminal legal system. Because the violence is perpetrated by an institution rather than an individual, it is difficult for the victim/survivor to seek justice or retribution. We conclude with suggestions for future research that interrogates coercive violence, its impacts on victims/survivors, and strategies for preventing it.
A Randomized Pilot Study Assessing if SEDLine Monitoring During Induction of Surgical Patients is Associated With Reduced Dosage of Administered Induction Agents
Authors: Krause Martin , Nguyen Albert , O’Brien Orestes , Khoche Swapnil , Schmidt Ulrich
Published: October 2022

Background. Intubations, especially in emergent settings, carry a high risk of hemodynamic instability with potentially catastrophic outcomes. Weight-based dosing of induction drugs can be inappropriately high for elective or emergent intubations and lead to hemodynamic instability. We hypothesized that monitoring the patient state index of SEDLine monitors (Masimo, Irvine, CA) would decrease the dose of induction drugs in the operating room during elective intubations.

Methods. In this randomized study, SEDLine monitoring was provided to the intervention group but not to the control group during the induction of anesthesia in the operating room. Anesthesia providers in the intervention group were advised to titrate induction drugs to a Patient State Index of <50 before proceeding with intubation. The primary outcome was the induction dose of propofol and etomidate per kilogram normalized to propofol dose equivalents. Secondary outcomes included supplemental doses of ketamine, midazolam, fentanyl, phenylephrine, and ephedrine per kg, time from induction to intubation, administration of additional propofol or vasopressors after induction, mean arterial pressure ≥ or <65 mmHg, and lowest mean arterial pressure post-induction.

Results. We found no significant difference in propofol equivalents between groups ( P = .41). Using a SEDLine decreased the odds that a patient would require vasopressors during induction (odds ratio of .39 [95% confidence interval, .15–.98]).

Conclusion. SEDLine monitoring during induction did not decrease dosing of the induction drugs etomidate and propofol but decreased the odds of receiving vasopressors. Further studies are warranted to assess the utility of processed electroencephalography in emergent intubations outside of the operating room.