bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social surveillance and Let’s Play: A regional case study of gaming in Manila slum communities
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth R , Davies Hugh , Hjorth Larissa
Published: April 2019

This article examines the use of Let’s Play (LP) in Manila, Philippines. LP is an emerging genre in which players record, narrate, and broadcast video game play online. While in Western contexts LP is predominantly viewed in domestic settings, our focus is on the distinct manner in which LP is viewed in the Philippines, resulting in unique social architectures of play that coalesce public and private practices. In particular, the arcade-style vending machine, pisonet (a conflation between the Filipino piso [currency] + inter[net]), plays a key role in shaping net cultures within everyday life. Through the pisonet, unique forms of performative play happen in and around the watching play of LP. These types of performativity around LP see intergenerational and public forms of play, spectatorship, and surveillance entangle. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Metropolitan Manila, this study aims to conceptualize how public spaces, screens, and play—through the LP on pisonets—bring about unique modes of sociality and surveillance of care. In doing so, this paper complicates established viewership models of LP, exploring how their manifestation in Manila gives rise to a particular type of Filipino sense of play.
Management of patients with hypodontia: What has changed?
Authors: Harrison Jayne
Published: April 2019

This review will consider changes in clinical practice associated with the management of patients with missing teeth and briefly review the evidence base that underpins what we do for them.
Prevalence rates of substantiated and adjudicated ethics violations
Authors: Magiste Edward J
Published: April 2019

This exploratory study examined the ethics violation data from one state’s licensing agency over a 28-year period, from 1985 through 2013. This study used descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis of the data to determine occurrence and prevalence rates in 592 cases. Violations were grouped into seven categories, and days before a license complaint was filed were also examined: dates ranged from 8 years before a license was issued (fraud on license application) to 28 years after being licensed. There were 389 females and 203 males in the sample, with 430 holding a social work license, 160 professional counselors, and 2 marriage and family therapists.

Findings

Of the 592 substantiated and adjudicated cases, 221 related to violations involving licensure, with 169 of those failure to comply with continuing education requirements, and most of those by professionals who have been licensed 10 or more years. Additionally, 156 violations involved boundary crossings, only of which 36 involved sexual boundary violations. Of those involving sexual contact, 22 were by female professionals and 14 by males. An additional 12 cases involved inappropriate sexual relations, but these were unrelated to professional practice. Overall, sexually involved cases represented a little over 8% of the cases, while licensure issues represented 38% of the cases.

Applications

Understanding which violations occur with more frequency enables social work educators to incorporate understanding the ethics of the social work into academic curriculum. Further study enables the profession to look at both what occurs and how that impacts clients, workers, and the public trust.
A critical review of flow field analysis methods involving proper orthogonal decomposition and quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition for internal combustion engines
Authors: Rulli Federico , Fontanesi Stefano , d’Adamo Alessandro , Berni Fabio
Published: April 2019

Experimental techniques like particle image velocimetry provide a powerful technical support for the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the flow field in internal combustion engines. Such techniques can be used to investigate both ensemble-averaged flow structures and their cyclic variations. These last are among the major causes of cycle-to-cycle variability of the engine processes (mixture formation, combustion, heat transfer, emission formation), the reduction of which has become a paradigm recently in engine development. Proper orthogonal decomposition has been largely used in conjunction with particle image velocimetry to analyze flow field characteristics. Several methods involving proper orthogonal decomposition have been proposed in the recent years to analyze engine cycle-to-cycle variability. In this work, phase-invariant proper orthogonal decomposition analysis, conditional averaging and triple and quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition methods are first introduced and applied to a large database of particle image velocimetry data from a well-known research engine. Results are discussed with particular emphasis on the capability of the methods to perform both quantitative and qualitative evaluations on cycle-to-cycle variability. Second, a new quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition methodology is proposed and compared to those available in the literature. All the methods are found to be helpful to identify the turbulent structures responsible for cycle-to-cycle variability. They can be equally applied to both experimental and numerical datasets to analyze turbulent fields in detail and to make comparisons.
Cognition, emotion and trust: A comparative analysis of Cambodia’s perceived and projected online image
Authors: Iordanova Elitza , Stainton Hayley
Published: April 2019

A comparative analysis of information on Cambodia as a tourist destination published on official tourism websites and amateur travel blogs suggests that there are substantial differences in the way Cambodia’s destination marketers and commercial enterprises promote the destination and the way travel bloggers perceive it and write about it. Cambodia’s projected online image elicited through the analysis of official tourism websites consists of mainly cognitive image elements (knowledge and beliefs about Cambodia), whereas its perceived image obtained from amateur travel blogs contains both cognitive and affective (feelings and attitudes towards Cambodia) image elements. Furthermore, the ‘friend’-style relationship that the reader develops with the travel blogger can be attributed to personal projections and thus induces an element of trust not established between the reader and the websites. Findings suggest that a lack of perceived trust among destination marketers and an increased level of trust among authors of user-generated content (UGC) and their readers has led to destination marketers being at a distinct disadvantage compared with their blogging colleagues. The use of affective evaluations of destinations by bloggers alongside their perceived credibility is likely to weigh more heavily in consumer’s decision-making process than promotional material presented by the likes of tourist boards and commercial enterprises. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed.
The criminal careers of those imprisoned for hate crime in the UK
Authors: Jolliffe Darrick , Farrington David P.
Published: April 2019

Hate crime research has increased, but there are very few studies examining hate crime offenders. It is, therefore, difficult to determine to what extent those who perpetrate this offence might be different from those who have not committed hate crime. This study is the first to provide an account of the demographics and criminal histories of those serving time in prison for committing a hate crime. It is based on a large complete population of offenders in the UK. Hate crime offenders released from prison were found to have prolific criminal careers, having committed a wide range and large number of different types of offences. When compared with those who committed a general (non-hate) violent offence, violent hate crime offenders were significantly older and were considerably more prolific in their previous offending. Violent hate crime appeared quantitatively, as opposed to qualitatively, different from violent non-hate crime, but this was less clearly true when those who had committed public order hate crime were compared with other public order offenders. Interventions to reduce the later offending of violent hate crime offenders should be based on the effective interventions that exist for violent offenders, but should take into account knowledge about the surprisingly prolific criminal careers of hate crime offenders.
Prospect theory and its implications for adversarial decision-making
Authors: Biggs Adam T , Pettijohn Kyle A
Published: April 2019

Modeling and simulation efforts depend upon accurate input to create viable representations and useful output information. When modeling human behavior, the challenge is often rationalizing sometimes irrational decisions. An existing cognitive model, prospect theory, has provided decades of research and insight into how relativistic differences and decision framing can significantly impact the decision-making process. If applied to security modeling and simulation, these findings can help predict differences in human behavior, which often differs significantly with regard to optimal decision-making or resource allocation strategies. The discussion presented here begins with some basic background for prospect theory and several existing attempts to incorporate these principles into modeling and simulation efforts thus far. Next, a detailed discussion is provided regarding how security and adversarial personnel factor into various prospect theory roles and classifications. Perhaps counter-intuitively, prospect theory would describe security personnel as engaging in risk-seeking behavior, suicidal adversaries as engaging in risk-averse behavior, and non-suicidal adversaries as being more susceptible to decision frames and relativistic differences. The discussion further describes how and why each of these assignments are made as well as implications for future modeling and simulation efforts.
The Relation of Inflammaging With Skeletal Muscle Properties in Elderly Men
Authors: Zembron-Lacny Agnieszka , Dziubek Wioletta , Wolny-Rokicka Edyta , Dabrowska Grazyna , Wozniewski Marek
Published: April 2019

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass and/or the qualitative impairment of the muscle tissue. There is growing evidence of the prominent role of low-grade chronic inflammation in age-related changes in the neuromuscular system. The purpose of the study was to identify the inflammatory mediators responsible for deficit in functional fitness and to explain whether inflammation is related to changes in body composition and the decline of muscle strength in older men. Thirty-three old-aged males (73.5 ± 6.3 years) and twenty young-aged males (21.2 ± 1.3 years) participated in the study. The body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), functional capacity (6-min walking test) and knee extension strength (isokinetic test) were estimated. In serum, circulating inflammatory markers H2O2, IL-1β, TNFα, and hsCRP as well as growth factors IGF-I and PDGFBB concentrations were determined (immunoenzymatic methods). The concentrations of H2O2, IL-1β, TNFα, and hsCRP were significantly higher in older than young men. The growth factors IGF-I and PDGFBB were twofold lower and related to high levels of IL-1β and TNFα in the elderly. The changes in cytokines and growth factors levels were correlated with age and peak torque (TQ at 60°/s and 180°/s) in the knee extension. The result of the 6-min walking test was inversely correlated with fat mass index (FMI, r = −.983; p < .001). The generation of inflammatory mediators in older men was related to changes in body composition, maximum strength muscle, and age-related changes in skeletal muscle properties responsible for deficit in functional fitness.
Early results of carotid endarterectomy versus carotid stenting: Outcomes from a Mediterranean country
Authors: Castro-Ferreira Ricardo , Freitas Alberto , Sampaio Sérgio M , Dias Paulo G , Mansilha Armando , Teixeira José F , Leite-Moreira Adelino
Published: April 2019

Introduction and objectives

Which is the best carotid stenosis treatment remains a controversial issue. To present day, no study has compared the results of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy in Portugal. We aim to provide real life numbers regarding the outcomes of both procedures in Portuguese public hospitals.

Methods

Every patient registered between 2005 and 2015 with the main diagnosis of carotid stenosis and submitted to carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting was included. The information was obtained through the Central National Healthcare Administrative database, a mandatory registry for hospital refunding. Primary outcomes were hospital mortality and stroke. Patient demographics, comorbidities and hospital length of stay were also evaluated.

Results

The study included 6094 patients: 1399 were symptomatic (mention of prior stroke) and 4695 asymptomatic. Carotid artery stenting was performed on 22% of the symptomatic and 18% of the asymptomatic patients. In the symptomatic patients, the in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in those submitted to stenting (3.6% vs. 1.6% in carotid endarterectomy, p = 0.025). No significant differences in outcomes were observed in the asymptomatic group (mortality 0.9% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.852; stroke rate of 2.6% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.652 – carotid artery stenting vs. carotid endarterectomy). In both groups, there was an important increase in the proportion of stenting between 2005 and 2012, followed by a gradual decline until 2015.

Conclusion

Despite its increasing frequency, a higher early mortality was documented for CAS in symptomatic patients. No worse outcome was observed in asymptomatic patients.
Chipping in on the role of conscious processing during children's motor learning by analogy
Authors: Duijn Tina van , Thomas Simon , Masters Rich SW
Published: April 2019

The capacity for storing and manipulating information (a function of working memory) is not fully developed until adulthood, so children are not always able to process explicit instructions when learning a new skill. A teaching method that may solve this problem is analogy learning, which compares the to-be-learned skill with a well-known concept by way of a single metaphorical instruction. In adults, analogy learning has been shown to lead to lower load on working memory by reducing the need for conscious processing; however, the effects are unclear in children. If analogy instructions work similarly in children, the propensity to consciously control movements may affect how well children learn by analogy. It is in the interest of coaches and teachers to determine whether analogy instructions can be used to reduce conscious processing in children, and whether propensity for conscious control of movements (movement specific reinvestment) predicts benefits from analogy learning. Thirteen-year-old golf novices (n = 44) were pre-tested and post-tested after practicing a golf-chipping task using explicit rules. One week later, an analogy for learning the golf chip was introduced, and an identical set of post-tests was repeated. Propensity for conscious control/reinvestment predicted improvement in accuracy after the analogy was introduced. Children's motor learning by analogy may be affected by their propensity for conscious control of movements, which suggests that coaches should adapt instructions to individual differences between learners.
Complementary ensemble local means decomposition method and its application to rolling element bearings fault diagnosis
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zou Dong
Published: April 2019

Local means decomposition is an adaptive and nonparametric time–frequency decomposition method for nonstationary and nonlinear signals. However, in practice, local means decomposition is susceptible to mode mixing phenomena and produces different scale oscillations in one mode or similar scale oscillations in different modes, rendering the decomposition results difficult to interpret in terms of physical meansing. The noise-assisted ensemble local means decomposition method not only effectively resolved mode mixing but also generated a new problem, which tolerates residual noise in signal reconstruction. Targeting these shortcomings, this article proposes complementary ensemble local means decomposition, a novel noise-assisted time–frequency analysis method. First, an ensemble of white noise is added to the original signal via complementary positive and negative pairs. Second, local means decomposition is applied to decompose the noisy signals into a series of product functions, and the final results are obtained by averaging. The simulation results confirm that complementary ensemble local means decomposition offers an innovative improvement over ensemble local means decomposition in terms of eliminating residual noise. The superiority of the proposed method was further validated on fault signals obtained from faulty railway bearings (rolling element and outer race fault signals).
Conflict and responsibility: Content analysis of American news media organizations’ framing of North Korea
Authors: Curran Nathaniel Ming , Gibson Jenna
Published: April 2019

This article features a content analysis of the entire corpus of news articles published about North and South Korea by five major American news websites in 2016. It provides an insight into the multiple and contradictory ways in which North Korea is framed by the American news media. The study finds that responsibility for the ongoing crisis on the peninsula is attributed to a small number of actors and that attribution of responsibility, as well as intensity of coverage, differs significantly among news agencies. Cable news was found to focus on conflict to a greater degree than non-cable outlets, and online-only news sites were found to focus more on Kim Jong-un individually. The article qualitatively addresses these differences in coverage and discusses their implications.
A service improvement report of blood-borne virus screening in a high secure mental hospital
Authors: Strazds Pixy , Abdelrazek Tarek
Published: April 2019

Background:

Patients in a high secure hospital are a high-risk population for exposure to blood-borne viruses (BBV) because of previous lifestyles.

Objective:

This service improvement study intends to improve patients care by the Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPCT) coordinating the BBV screening and vaccination programme within the hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients’ notes in 2007 and 2016 was used.

Results:

The results show an increase in screening offered and screening undertaken from 2007 to 2016. It also identifies an increase in hepatitis B vaccination programmes completed.

Discussion:

The expansion of the IPC and Physical Healthcare Team appear to be associated with the increase of screening and vaccination rates.
Using laws to further public health causes: the Healthy Prisons Agenda
Authors: Ismail Nasrul , Woodall James , de Viggiani Nick
Published: April 2019

In this commentary, we propose using laws in implementing the Healthy Prisons Agenda. We evaluate the efficacy of laws in tackling health inequalities in prisons, provide recommendations on how states can uphold their international commitments that safeguard prisoners’ right to healthcare, and frame prisons as health-promoting settings. We also assess the challenges that can thwart this proposal, such as the non-binding nature of international obligations, global prison overcrowding and the dependency on prison governors and staff for implementation of the Agenda. The commentary concludes by recommending further evaluation of our proposal and testing its potential generalisability to other health-promotion agendas.
Building the capacity – examining the impact of evidence-based public health trainings in Europe: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Serrano Natalicio , Diem Gunter , Grabauskas Vilius , Shatchkute Aushra , Stachenko Sylvie , Deshpande Anjali , Gillespie Kathleen N. , Baker Elizabeth A. , Vartinaien Erkki , Brownson Ross C.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Since 2002, a course entitled ‘Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH): A Course in Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Prevention’ has been taught annually in Europe as a collaboration between the Prevention Research Center in St Louis and other international organizations. The core purpose of this training is to strengthen the capacity of public health professionals, in order to apply and adapt evidence-based programmes in NCD prevention. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of this EBPH course, in order to inform and improve future EBPH trainings.

Methods:

A total of 208 individuals participated in the European EBPH course between 2007 and 2016. Of these, 86 (41%) completed an online survey. Outcomes measured include frequency of use of EBPH skills/materials/resources, benefits of using EBPH and barriers to using EBPH. Analysis was performed to see if time since taking the course affected EBPH effectiveness. Participants were then stratified by frequency of EBPH use (low v. high) and asked to participate in in-depth telephone interviews to further examine the long-term impact of the course ( n = 11 (6 low use, 5 high use)).

Findings:

The most commonly reported benefits among participants included: acquiring knowledge about a new subject (95%), seeing applications for this knowledge in their own work (84%), and becoming a better leader to promote evidence-based decision-making (82%). Additionally, not having enough funding for continued training in EBPH (44%), co-workers not having EBPH training (33%) and not having enough time to implement EBPH approaches (30%) were the most commonly reported barriers to using EBPH. Interviews indicated that work-place and leadership support were important in facilitating the use of EBPH.

Conclusion:

Although the EBPH course effectively benefits participants, barriers remain towards widely implementing evidence-based approaches. Reaching and communicating with those in leadership roles may facilitate the growth of EBPH across countries.
Seed dispersal effectiveness by frugivorous birds: Identifying functional equivalent species in bird assemblages
Authors: Palacio Facundo Xavier
Published: April 2019

Seed dispersal by birds is a pivotal ecosystem function worldwide; yet, the rapid and ongoing global biodiversity loss poses a major threat to this essential ecosystem service. Seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) is a key outcome of the interaction, represented by the product of seed dispersal quantity (number of seed dispersed) and quality (probability of recruitment of dispersed seeds). Therefore, identifying functional equivalent species in terms of SDE should become a key issue for bird conservation, since the effects of local extinctions on seed dispersal services may be weakened by remaining equivalent species. However, a method to quantitatively identify functional equivalent species in frugivorous bird assemblages is still lacking. To estimate SDE overlap between seed dispersers and assess whether two species may be functionally equivalent, I apply a novel nonparametric niche overlap index based on kernel functions and null models to test its statistical significance. For each bird species, I account for intraspecific variation in seed dispersal effectiveness to obtain a distribution of seed dispersal effectiveness values, an often neglected source of variation in seed dispersal assemblages. Non-significant differences in seed dispersal effectiveness overlap support the hypothesis that two species are functional equivalent, thus playing similar functional roles. The model proposed is applicable to any other quantity or quality component and is independent from the method or sampling design used to quantify SDE. The identification of functional equivalent species in seed dispersal assemblages adds to the theoretical framework of seed dispersal effectiveness and offers new insights into the ecology of the seed dispersal service provided by birds.
Remote ischemic preconditioning for elective endovascular intracranial aneurysm repair: a feasibility study
Authors: Mohammad Seyedsaadat Seyed , Rangel Castilla Leonardo , Lanzino Giuseppe , Cloft Harry J , Blezek Daniel J , Theiler Amy , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Remote ischemic preconditioning has been proposed as a possible potential treatment for ischemic stroke. However, neuroprotective benefits of the pre-procedural administration of remote ischemic preconditioning have not been investigated in patients undergoing an elective endovascular intracranial aneurysm repair procedure. This study investigated the safety and feasibility of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm who undergo elective endovascular treatment.

Methods

In this single-center prospective study, patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm undergoing elective endovascular treatment with flow diverters or coiling were recruited. Patients received three intermittent cycles of 5 minutes arm ischemia followed by reperfusion using manual blood cuff inflation/deflation less than 5 hours prior to endovascular treatment. Patients were monitored and followed up for remote ischemic preconditioning-related adverse events and ischemic brain lesions by diffusion -weighted magnetic resonance imaging within 48 hours following endovascular treatment.

Results

A total of seven patients aged 60 ± 5 years with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm successfully completed a total of 21 sessions of remote ischemic preconditioning and the required procedures. Except for two patients who developed skin petechiae over their arms, no other serious procedure-related adverse events were observed as a result of the remote ischemic preconditioning procedure. On follow-up diffusion -weighted magnetic resonance imaging, a total of 19 ischemic brain lesions with a median (interquartile range) volume of 245 (61–466) mm3 were found in four out of seven patients.

Conclusions

The application of remote ischemic preconditioning prior to endovascular intracranial aneurysm repair was well tolerated, safe and clinically feasible. Larger sham-controlled clinical trials are required to determine the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic strategy in mitigating ischemic damage following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Effects of oxygen therapy in a pediatric normoxemic patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension and congenital heart disease
Authors: Green Simon , Stuart Deidre
Published: April 2019

To shed light on the efficacy of oxygen therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) when hypoxemia is not present, we report seven years of observational data for a female patient recorded between February 2012 and February 2019 when she was aged 7.8–14.8 years. The patient was born with an atrial septal defect (closed spontaneously at 2.3 years) and ventricular septal defect (surgically repaired at 8.3 years) and then diagnosed with PAH at 8.9 years. The patient was prescribed bosentan soon after diagnosis and for the next 4.8 years, during which a first phase of oxygen therapy (nocturnal) was trialed for 2.8 years. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and systolic PAP (sPAP) remained stable and at mild levels when oxygen was administered, but then increased progressively to severe levels over two years without oxygen. This coincided with worsening right ventricular pathology during the later part of this period without oxygen. Re‐initiation of more intensive oxygen therapy while the patient was still on bosentan and before pharmocotherapy was changed coincided with a large and rapid fall in sPAP, confirmed by right heart catheterization measurements of mPAP. During this entire observation period, the patient remained normoxemic. These observations challenge the notion that oxygen therapy should be restricted to patients with hypoxemia and strengthen calls for further study of oxygen therapy in PAH.
Mobility and the mobile: A study of adolescent migrants and their use of the mobile phone
Authors: Mendoza Pérez Karmele , Morgade Salgado Marta
Published: April 2019

In this article, we explore the day-to-day importance of digital media, specifically the use of mobile phones in the lives of migrant minors—also known as unaccompanied foreign minors—in juvenile residential centres. For this study, we employed a general ethnographic methodology and, in particular, a workshop based on different artistic techniques that encouraged the young people involved to become active participants, committed from the start in the generation of the material to be used for the analysis of their daily practices. This approach emerged from the recognition of the importance for these young people to feel included and connected. Migrant adolescents take refuge in their mobile devices to participate in the youth microculture, both locally and globally. In addition, they are able to access different social networks that allow them to play out the personas they wish to adopt. Finally, we recognise the importance of digital media in allowing them to maintain close and affective relationships with their relatives, fellow citizens, and communities in their country of origin.
Unicentric Castleman’s disease located between the aorta and inferior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Murata Masaki , Nagano Oki , Hasegawa Go , Ikeda Yohei , Nakagawa Yuki , Seki Yoshinobu , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Tomita Yoshihiko
Published: April 2019

We report a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with unicentric Castleman’s disease with a contrast well-enhanced retroperitoneal tumor of 25 mm in diameter that located between the aorta and inferior vena cava. The imaging finding did not suggest any specific features, and no other lesion was detected. Laboratory examinations indicating malignant lymphoma such as soluble interleukin-2 were all negative. We resected the retroperitoneal tumor laparoscopically, and histopathological examination revealed hyaline vascular type Castleman’s disease. Although complete resection of hyaline vascular type unicentric Castleman’s disease results in a good prognosis, a late relapse has been reported and long-term follow-up is warranted.
Bilateral fibrodysplasia ossificans affecting the masticatory muscles and causing irreversible trismus in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Guzu Michel , Gaillot Hugues A , Rosati Marco , Nicolier Alexandra , Hennet Philippe R
Published: April 2019

Case summary

An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was referred for trismus of progressive onset, which had started at least 1 month previously. The patient presented with weakness, anorexia, chronic bilateral purulent nasal discharge and concurrent reduced nasal airflow. Upon physical examination, painful mouth opening, bilateral swelling of the temporal areas, with an inability to open and close the mouth completely, were apparent. A vertical mandibular range of motion (vmROM) of 22 mm was noted. Complete blood count, biochemistry, electrolytes and various serology tests were unremarkable. CT revealed multiple mineralised lesions within the masticatory muscles. Histopathological features were consistent with those seen in the human disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Supportive treatment did not improve the vmROM, eventually resulting in a 13 mm open bite, and total inability to close and open the mouth. Cardiac arrest occurred at the induction of an anaesthesia procedure aiming to perform tracheostomy and nasal lavage. Despite emergency tracheotomy and cardiac resuscitation, humane euthanasia was elected by the owners. Post-mortem molecular investigations highlighted a heterozygous deletion, compatible with a splicing site mutation in ACVR1, which is also associated with FOP in humans.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report in the veterinary literature of FOP-like disease selectively affecting the masticatory muscles. This condition is associated with a poor prognosis, as no medical or surgical treatment has currently proven to be of any prophylactic or curative benefit. Although rare, FOP-like disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of trismus in the cat. Any further muscle injury should be avoided.
The diagnostic ability of procalcitonin to differentiate Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria and fungal bloodstream infections in critically ill patients
Authors: Wang Di , Tao Xiaogen , Guo Wei , Liu Haihua , Cheng Shaohui , Wang Jinquan
Published: April 2019

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a severe infectious complication in critically ill patients. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) to differentiate Gram-negative bacteria (Gram-neg) from Gram-positive bacteria (Gram-pos) and fungal BSI. PCT and other inflammation markers of monomicrobial BSI patients were retrospectively collected and compared between patients with Gram-neg, Gram-pos, or fungal BSI. The differential diagnosis performance of PCT was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The area under curve (AUC) of PCT for differentiating Gram-neg BSI from Gram-pos BSI was 0.95 with an optimal cut-off value of 4.15 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 82.05%, and a specificity of 96.15%. AUC of PCT for differentiating Gram-neg BSI from fungal BSI was 0.92 with an optimal cut-off value of 3.13 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 84.62%, and a specificity of 88.89%. Serum PCT concentration can be used to differentiate Gram-neg from Gram-pos and fungal BSI.
Overall survival and tumor recurrence after surgical resection for primary malignant chest wall tumors: a single-center, single-surgeon experience
Authors: Shah Aalap C , Komperda Kazimierz W , Mavanur Arun A , Thorpe Steven W , Weiss Kurt R , Goodman Mark A
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives:

Malignant primary chest wall tumors (PCWTs) comprise a rare group of thoracic tumors with unique anatomical considerations, and experience with wide surgical resection is limited to specialty referral centers and specific diagnoses. We investigated the tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) for patients with a variety of PCWTs diagnoses at our institution.

Methods:

From 1991 to 2010, patients with malignant PCWT undergoing wide surgical resection for curative intent under a single surgeon were reviewed. Diagnosis and grade (if applicable) of surgical pathology, along with patient demographics, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and outcomes (complications, recurrence, and OS) at follow-up were analyzed.

Results:

One hundred fifteen patients were included in the study. The most common tumor diagnoses included pleomorphic sarcoma and liposarcoma. Negative margins were achieved in 70 (74%) of cases. Postoperative complications were reported in 21 (20%) cases. The 5-year survival rate was 54%, while the 10-year survival rate was 29%. The local and distant recurrence rates were 50% and 38%, respectively. OS was significantly less in patients with any recurrence ( p < 0.001) but not significantly different between pathology grades ( p = 0.28).

Conclusions:

Wide resection for malignant PCWT is feasible when undertaken for a heterogenous group of diagnoses.
Malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle: Surgical and functional outcomes
Authors: Öztürk Recep , Arıkan Şefik Murat , Toğral Güray , Güngör Bedii Şafak
Published: April 2019

Background:

Large resection and reconstruction of the malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle are used to provide maximum protection of the soft tissues with sufficient surgical margin. However, these have their own difficulties. The goals of this study were to review demographic data of 187 patients diagnosed with the malignant tumors located around shoulder between 2001 and 2016 in our clinic, to evaluate the functional outcomes and surgical outcomes, and to classify the resection methods according to new classification systems.

Methods:

There were 187 patients (108 male and 79 female) and the mean age at surgery was 47.9 (range 2–87). Fifty-one of these patients underwent biopsy only: 8 partial/total claviculectomy, 10 partial/total scapulectomy, 80 proximal humeral resection, 5 total humeral resection, 6 shoulder girdle resection, and 13 amputations. Eighty-six had prosthetic implants, five had fibula transpositions, and one had a massive homologous bone graft. Seventy-one of the 136 patients were followed for an average of 40.3 months.

Results:

When the bone resections were evaluated, the best results were obtained while the rotator cuff function is preserved in glenoid preserving partial scapulectomy, partial/total claviculectomy, and proximal humerus intercalary resection. In total, scapulectomy and proximal/total humeral resection operations’ results were moderate because of partial or total injury of the abductor mechanism.

Conclusions:

As a result, malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle and soft tissue can be treated with limb-sparing surgery procedures. Reconstructive procedures and reconstructive methods such as prosthetic replacement, auto-allograft, and soft tissue reconstructions should be specified in each case. These resection and reconstruction methods are reliable and applicable procedures for local tumor control, pain control, and functional outcomes. More rarely, amputation/disarticulation can be performed.
Parenting stress in mothers of children with congenital hand or foot differences and its effect on the surgical decision-making for their children
Authors: Kim Jihyeung , Gong Hyun Sik , Kim Hong Seok , Seok Hyun Sik , Oh Sohee , Baek Goo Hyun
Published: April 2019

Background:

The main purposes of this study were to assess the levels of parenting stress in the mothers of children with congenital hand or foot differences and to evaluate the effects of this stress on the preferred roles of mothers in surgical decision-making for their children.

Methods:

This study included 89 mothers of children with polydactyly of the hand, polydactyly of the foot, a hypoplastic thumb, or macrodactyly. The parenting stress level was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF). Additionally, the mothers were requested to indicate their preferred and retrospectively perceived levels of involvement in surgical decision-making for their children using the Control Preferences Scale, which is comprised of five levels ranging from fully active to fully passive.

Results:

The average PSI-SF scores were 73.9, and 15 mothers (17%) had a clinically significant level of stress (PSI-SF ≥ 90). In the mothers of children with polydactyly of the foot, the PSI score was associated with the preferred role in surgical decision-making.

Conclusion:

The assessment of parenting stress levels in the mothers of children with congenital hand or foot differences can play an important role in the screening of candidates who require psychiatric treatment or support. An evaluation of the PSI in mothers of children with congenital hand or foot differences may aid physicians to modify their style of decision-making based on the preferred role of the mother. Level of evidence: Level IV Therapeutic study.
Refractory Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Treated With IVIg, Steroids, and a Combination of Anticoagulants: A Case Report
Authors: Gonzales Mia , Pipalia Amrish , Weil Andrew
Published: April 2019

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II is caused by antibody production that bind complexes between heparin and platelet factor 4 leading to platelet consumption and thrombosis. In a small subset of cases referred to as autoimmune HIT, the antibodies activate platelets even in the absence of heparin. Refractory HIT is a type of autoimmune HIT in which thrombocytopenia persists for weeks after heparin discontinuation and carries increased risk for thrombosis and more severe thrombocytopenia. We present a case of refractory HIT with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) that was successfully treated with a change in anticoagulant alongside steroids and a second trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).
Do Green Behaviors Earn Social Status?
Authors: Kennedy Emily Huddart , Horne Christine
Published: April 2019

Do green behaviors earn social status among liberals and conservatives? Although evidence shows that high-status consumers incorporate ecological concerns into their consumption choices, politically polarized views on environmentalism in the United States complicate the relationship between green behaviors and status. A vignette experiment shows that across political ideology, people grant status to green consumption. Results from semistructured interviews suggest that green consumers are seen as wealthy, knowledgeable, and ethical, although these status beliefs vary with political ideology. The findings reveal unlikely common ground between liberal and conservative judgments of green behaviors and indicate that green consumption is an emerging domain for evaluating social status.
Update on the prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome
Authors: Sury Krishna
Published: April 2019

Tumor lysis syndrome is a constellation of metabolic derangements seen when tumor cells die and release their intracellular contents into the systemic circulation. Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia may lead to severe organ dysfunction and even death. Tumor lysis syndrome is classically considered a complication of successful cancer treatment, but it can also occur in untreated malignancies characterized by rapid proliferation. In this review, we cover the types of cancers and chemo- and immunotherapies associated with tumor lysis syndrome, the mechanisms by which severe metabolic derangements can develop, and the available treatments.
Wave-equation Rayleigh-wave dispersion inversion using fundamental and higher modes
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Dong , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: April 2019

Recorded surface waves often provide reasonable estimates of the S-wave velocity in the near surface. However, existing algorithms are mainly based on the 1D layered-model assumption and require picking the dispersion curves either automatically or manually. We have developed a wave-equation-based inversion algorithm that inverts for S-wave velocities using fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves without picking an explicit dispersion curve. Our method aims to maximize the similarity of the phase velocity spectrum ([Formula: see text]) of the observed and predicted surface waves with all Rayleigh-wave modes (if they exist) included in the inversion. The [Formula: see text] spectrum is calculated using the linear Radon transform applied to a local similarity-based objective function; thus, we do not need to pick velocities in spectrum plots. As a result, the best match between the predicted and observed [Formula: see text] spectrum provides the optimal estimation of the S-wave velocity. We derive S-wave velocity updates using the adjoint-state method and solve the optimization problem using a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm. Our method excels in cases in which the S-wave velocity has vertical reversals and lateral variations because we used all-modes dispersion, and it can suppress the local minimum problem often associated with full-waveform inversion applications. Synthetic and field examples are used to verify the effectiveness of our method.
Dissociative identity disorder: validity and use in the criminal justice system
Authors: Paris Joel
Published: April 2019

This review examines whether the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID) could be used to support a defence of ‘not guilty by reason of insanity’ (NGRI, or the insanity defence). The problem is that DID has doubtful validity and can easily be malingered. However, the diagnosis is listed in standard psychiatric manuals. If accepted as valid, DID would have problematic forensic implications.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this article you will be able to:

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understand the history of the DID diagnosis

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evaluate the validity of the DID diagnosis

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appreciate, from case law, use of DID in support of an insanity defence.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Genetic Alterations Detected in Cell-Free DNA Are Associated With Enzalutamide and Abiraterone Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Torquato Samantha , Pallavajjala Aparna , Goldstein Alexa , Valda Toro Patricia , Silberstein John L. , Lee Justin , Nakazawa Mary , Waters Ian , Chu David , Shinn Daniel , Groginski Taylor , Hughes Robert M. , Simons Brian W. , Khan Hamda , Feng Zhaoyong , Carducci Michael A. , Paller Channing J. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Kressel Bruce , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Trock Bruce J. , Park Ben H. , Hurley Paula J.
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Androgen receptor ( AR) gene alterations, including ligand-binding domain mutations and copy number (CN) gain, have yet to be fully established as predictive markers of resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The goal of this study was to validate AR gene alterations detected in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as markers of enzalutamide and abiraterone resistance in patients with mCRPC.

METHODS

Patients with mCRPC (N = 62) were prospectively enrolled between 2014 and 2018. Blood was collected before therapies—enzalutamide (n = 25), abiraterone (n = 35), or enzalutamide and abiraterone (n = 2) —and at disease progression. We used deep next-generation sequencing to analyze cfDNA for sequence variants and CN status in AR and 45 additional cancer-associated genes. Primary end points were prostate-specific antigen response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

Elevated tumor-specific cfDNA (circulating tumor DNA) was associated with a worse prostate-specific antigen response (hazard ratio [HR], 3.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 9.05; P = .031), PFS (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.01; P = .039), and OS (HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.11; P = .004). AR ligand-binding domain missense mutations (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 5.72; P = .020) were associated with a shorter PFS in multivariable models. AR CN gain was associated with a shorter PFS; however, significance was lost in multivariable modeling. Genetic alterations in tumor protein p53 (HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.27 to 5.72; P = .009) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway defects (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.12 to 6.10; P = .026) were associated with a worse OS in multivariable models.

CONCLUSION

These findings support the conclusion that high circulating tumor DNA burden is associated with worse outcomes to enzalutamide and abiraterone in men with mCRPC. Tumor protein p53 loss and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway defects were associated with worse OS in men with mCRPC. AR status associations with outcomes were not robust, and additional validation is needed.
Endividamento público e desenvolvimento humano nos grandes municípios brasileiros
Authors: Santos Yuri Dantas dos , Barbosa Jean Alisi Amorim Gomes Silva , Diniz Josedilton Alves , Lima Severino Cesário de
Published: April 2019

De acordo com a teoria da dívida, os entes subnacionais, estados e municípios, endividam-se para realizar investimentos que proporcionem alocar bens públicos aos seus jurisdicionados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento humano. No entanto, problemas com a má gestão dos recursos públicos podem contribuir para que o endividamento público influencie negativamente o desenvolvimento humano. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo investigou a influência do endividamento público sobre o desenvolvimento humano dos grandes municípios brasileiros. Para tanto, foram coletadas informações referentes aos municípios brasileiros com mais de 500 mil habitantes ao longo de sete anos, de 2006 a 2012. Como técnica estatística, utilizou-se a regressão MQO com dados em painel. Os resultados revelaram que o endividamento e os gastos sociais públicos influenciam timidamente o desenvolvimento humano dos grandes municípios, ao passo que a variável com maior influência é o desenvolvimento humano já sedimentado localmente ao longo do tempo.