bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kyle
Authors: Ryan Amy K. , Kay Pamela J. , Fitzgerald Martha , Paquette Sandra , Smith Sonya
Published: March 2016

I enjoyed having Kyle in my first-grade classroom because he worked so hard, but his speech was unintelligible nearly all the time, even to his father. Although repeating himself frustrated him, he hated it when people pretended to understand him. Fortunately, Kyle's ability to understand others was normal for his age. In first grade he was already showing signs of emotional problems, namely a preference for being alone, refusing to talk, staring blankly, and showing low energy. Between his withdrawal and speech problems, he was behind most other children in reading, writing, and spelling, even though he tried hard. Kyle was on an individualized education program (IEP) for severe articulation disorder.

His mother, Renee, was worried about how his early speech challenges might affect his academic growth and social life. She had reported warning signs of emotional disturbance (ED) on the initial Child Behavior Checklist, noting that he showed no guilt after misbehaving, hung around with others who got in trouble, lied and cheated, ran away, and stole at home. For these reasons, she was eager to participate in a project our rural elementary school was launching with the University of Vermont.
50 Ways to Keep Your Co-Teacher
Authors: Murawski Wendy W. , Dieker Lisa
Published: March 2016

General education teacher (overheard in the hallway): “Oh yeah, I used to have a special educator working with me in the classroom … but I do not know what happened to her!”
Using Collaborative Behavioral Contracting
Authors: Lassman Kelley A. , Jolivette Kristine , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: March 2016

Alex, a 13-year-old African-American male, was enrolled in a seventh-grade self-contained program for students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD) and was at or above grade level in the content area classes of reading, math, and social studies. Alex was also making social progress in this classroom, but displayed poor social skills and occasional aggressive outbursts. He was making both academic and social progress in his special education class.

Alex's individualized education program (IEP) team scheduled a review for Alex, at which time his special education teacher, Ms. Peck, planned to address the possibility of Alex's making a transition to a general education reading class. Ms. Peck invited Ms. Smithson, the general education reading teacher, to join Alex's IEP team. At the meeting, Alex's IEP team determined that, in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997) least restrictive environment criteria, Alex should begin the transition into the general class setting for reading content area class.

Thus, Ms. Peck sought a way to best facilitate Alex's reintegration into the general classroom; and she chose to implement Collaborative Behavioral Contracting (CBC) as a way to meet Alex's reintegration goals. When Ms. Peck approached Ms. Smithson regarding the CBC, Ms. Smithson indicated a willingness to try the procedures with Alex in her classroom.
The Devaluation of the Subject in Popper’s Theory of World 3
Authors: Parusniková Zuzana
Published: March 2016

Popper proposed his theory of objective knowledge to eliminate subjectivist epistemologies. Popper’s objectivism culminated in the theory of the autonomous World 3 characterized by its independence from the subjective factors belonging to World 2. I argue that Popper did not succeed in unifying his idea of the autonomy of knowledge with the requirement of the creative role of the critical subject in cognition. Moreover, his effort to desubjectivize knowledge undermined the vital importance of the critical (subjective) activity that ensures the dynamism of the growth of knowledge. In this respect, Popper suppressed the most interesting feature of his philosophical contribution.
Is Popper’s Third World Autonomous?
Authors: Gadenne Volker
Published: March 2016

Popper’s theory of the three worlds has been widely criticized. In this paper, the main points of criticism are discussed. It is shown that the most serious difficulties are caused by Popper’s assumption that world 3 contains ideal, Platonic objects, which nevertheless have a history and are, in a certain sense, able to create other world 3 objects. Then it is asked whether the idea of a third world is necessary to explain the growth of knowledge and the development of culture. The question is answered in the negative. Finally, it is discussed whether the talk of world 3 objects can be interpreted in a way that does not raise the problems of Popper’s conception.
A Unifying Framework for Causal Analysis in Set-Theoretic Multimethod Research
Authors: Rohlfing Ingo , Schneider Carsten Q.
Published: March 2016

The combination of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) with process tracing, which we call set-theoretic multimethod research (MMR), is steadily becoming more popular in empirical research. Despite the fact that both methods have an elected affinity based on set theory, it is not obvious how a within-case method operating in a single case and a cross-case method operating on a population of cases are compatible and can be combined in empirical research. There is a need to reflect on whether and how set-theoretic MMR is internally coherent and how QCA and process tracing can be integrated in causal analysis. We develop a unifying foundation for causal analysis in set-theoretic MMR that highlights the roles and interplay of QCA and process tracing. We argue that causal inference via counterfactuals on the level of single cases integrates QCA and process tracing and assigns proper and equally valuable roles to both methods.
Genetic polymorphism in postoperative sepsis after open heart surgery in infants
Authors: Fakhri Dicky , Djauzi Samsuridjal , Murni Tri Wahyu , Rachmat Jusuf , Harahap Alida Roswita , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Santoso Anwar
Published: March 2016

Background

Sepsis is one of the complications following open heart surgery. Toll-like receptor 2 and toll-interacting protein polymorphism influence the immune response after open heart surgery. This study aimed to assess the genetic distribution of toll-like receptor 2 N199N and toll-interacting protein rs5743867 polymorphism in the development of postoperative sepsis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 108 children <1-year old who underwent open heart surgery with a Basic Aristotle score ≥6. Patients with an accompanying congenital anomaly, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or history of previous open heart surgery were excluded. The patients’ nutritional status and genetic polymorphism were assessed prior to surgery. The results of genetic polymorphism were obtained through genotyping. Patients’ ages on the day of surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass times were recorded. The diagnosis of sepsis was established according to Surviving Sepsis Campaign criteria.

Results

Postoperative sepsis was observed in 21% of patients. There were 92.6% patients with toll-like receptor 2 N199N polymorphism and 52.8% with toll-interacting protein rs5743867 polymorphism.

Conclusions

Toll-like receptor 2 N199N polymorphism tends to increase the risk of sepsis (odds ratio = 1.974; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–16.92; p = 0.504), while toll-interacting protein rs5743867 polymorphism tends to decrease the risk of sepsis (odds ratio = 0.496; 95% confidence interval: 0.19–1.27; p = 0.139) in infants <1-year old undergoing complex open heart surgery.
Type A aortic dissection model to improve endovascular research and technologies
Authors: Heinisch Paul Philipp , Winkler Bernhard , Weidenhagen Rolf , Klaws Rolf , Carrel Thierry , Khoynezhad Ali , Bombien Rene
Published: March 2016

Objective

Type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease requiring immediate surgical treatment. With emerging catheter-based technologies, endovascular stent-graft implantation to treat aneurysms and dissections has become a standardized procedure. However, endovascular treatment of the ascending aorta remains challenging. Thus we designed an ascending aortic dissection model to allow simulation of endovascular treatment.

Methods

Five formalin-fixed human aortas were prepared. The ascending aorta was opened semicircularly in the middle portion and the medial layer was separated from the intima. The intimal tube was readapted using running monofilament sutures. The preparations were assessed by 128-slice computed tomography. A bare-metal stent was implanted for thoracic endovascular aortic repair in 4 of the aortic dissection models.

Results

Separation of the intimal and medial layer of the aorta was considered to be sufficient because computed tomography showed a clear image of the dissection membrane in each aorta. The dissection was located 3.9 ± 1.4 cm proximally from the aortic annulus, with a length of 4.6 ± 0.9 cm. Before stent implantation, the mean distance from the intimal flap to the aortic wall was measured as 0.63 ± 0.163 cm in the ascending aorta. After stent implantation, this distance decreased to 0.26 ± 0.12 cm.

Conclusion

This model of aortic dissection of the ascending human aorta was reproducible with a comparable pathological and morphological appearance. The technique and model can be used to evaluate new stent-graft technologies to treat type A dissection and facilitate training for surgeons.
Narcotecture
Authors: O'Neill Kevin Lewis
Published: March 2016

The term narcotecture often refers to grand mansions built with drug money. A blend of the words “narcotics” and “architecture,” the portmanteau evokes florid gated communities in Afghanistan, Africa, and the Americas. Yet, this interest in ostentation strips narcotecture of full analytical purchase. To expand the term's significance, this article samples how the global drug trade interacts every day with the War on Drugs at the level of built environments. This interaction makes flashy mansions, to be sure, but also airplane hangars and shipping containers, security booths and watch towers, drop sites and crack houses—not to mention prisons, hospitals, and barracks. This broader notion of narcotecture is organized by the tactical manipulation of space pursued in ways that self-consciously attempt to avoid detection. This article's central claim is that narcotecture is not simply a form of conspicuous consumption but more importantly a mode of inconspicuous construction.
Social business adoption
Authors: Wood Jacob , Khan Gohar Feroz
Published: March 2016

No longer simply a fad, social media-based technologies are used by organizations to create innovative ideas that can enhance both a firm’s product offerings and the ways in which it conducts its business activities. Despite its many apparent uses and benefits, there are several barriers associated with their use, including legal, security, and privacy risk. Grounded in the technology adoption theory, the purpose of this study is to understand how businesses perceive the benefits of and barriers to social media and its effects on adoption. Employing the partial least squares method, a research model was developed and tested via a survey of 117 senior employees from organizations in South Korea and New Zealand. The results suggest that the benefits due to social media, such as brand affinity, sales opportunities, and customer support, positively affect social business adoption; whereas a lack of social media strategy and security concerns negatively affect social business adoption. The results of the study have important implications for business managers and researchers.
The CO2 stimulus for cerebrovascular reactivity: Fixing inspired concentrations vs. targeting end-tidal partial pressures
Authors: Fisher Joseph A
Published: March 2016

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) studies have elucidated the physiology and pathophysiology of cerebral blood flow regulation. A non-invasive, high spatial resolution approach uses carbon dioxide (CO2) as the vasoactive stimulus and magnetic resonance techniques to estimate the cerebral blood flow response. CVR is assessed as the ratio response change to stimulus change. Precise control of the stimulus is sought to minimize CVR variability between tests, and show functional differences. Computerized methods targeting end-tidal CO2 partial pressures are precise, but expensive. Simpler, improvised methods that fix the inspired CO2 concentrations have been recommended as less expensive, and so more widely accessible. However, these methods have drawbacks that have not been previously presented by those that advocate their use, or those that employ them in their studies. As one of the developers of a computerized method, I provide my perspective on the trade-offs between these two methods. The main concern is that declaring the precision of fixed inspired concentration of CO2 is misleading: it does not, as implied, translate to precise control of the actual vasoactive stimulus – the arterial partial pressure of CO2. The inherent test-to-test, and therefore subject-to-subject variability, precludes clinical application of findings. Moreover, improvised methods imply widespread duplication of development, assembly time and costs, yet lack uniformity and quality control. A tabular comparison between approaches is provided.
Use of psychotherapy and psychotropic medication among Norwegian musicians compared to the general workforce
Authors: Vaag Jonas , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon , Bjerkeset Ottar
Published: March 2016

Previous research has reported higher prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among musicians, compared to the general workforce. We compared the use of psychotherapy and psychotropic medication with other major occupational groups, and expected to find higher use among musicians. Musicians from the Norwegian Musicians’ Union ( n = 1,607) answered an online questionnaire about demographic characteristics, mental health, use of healthcare services and use of psychotropic medication. They were compared to a sample of the Norwegian workforce ( n = 2,550) from the Norwegian survey of level of living. Based on chi-square and logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education, and cohabitation status, we found that musicians reported higher use of psychotherapy and psychotropic medication. Use of psychotherapy was reported most frequently among vocalists, while rock musicians reported the most widespread use of psychotropic medication. Overall, musicians had three-fold higher odds of use of psychotherapy and 50% higher odds of use of psychotropic medication compared to the general workforce. This is consistent with previous findings indicating high rates of sleep-difficulties and psychological distress among musicians. The results underline the importance of investigating both the content and quality of services provided.
Hamstring and Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength Deficits Are Weak Risk Factors for Hamstring Strain Injuries
Authors: van Dyk Nicol , Bahr Roald , Whiteley Rodney , Tol Johannes L. , Kumar Bhavesh D. , Hamilton Bruce , Farooq Abdulaziz , Witvrouw Erik
Published: March 2016

Background:

A hamstring strain injury (HSI) has become the most common noncontact injury in soccer. Isokinetic muscle strength deficits are considered a risk factor for HSIs. However, underpowered studies with small sample sizes unable to determine small associations have led to inconclusive results regarding the role of isokinetic strength and strength testing in HSIs.

Purpose:

To examine whether differences in isokinetic strength measures of knee flexion and extension represent risk factors for hamstring injuries in a large cohort of professional soccer players in an adequately powered study design.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 614 professional soccer players from 14 teams underwent isokinetic strength testing during preseason screening. Testing consisted of concentric knee flexion and extension at 60 deg/s and 300 deg/s and eccentric knee extension at 60 deg/s. A clustered multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with the risk of HSIs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity.

Results:

Of the 614 players, 190 suffered an HSI during the 4 seasons. Quadriceps concentric strength at 60 deg/s (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.92; P = .03) and hamstring eccentric strength at 60 deg/s (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01-1.85; P = .04) adjusted for bodyweight were independently associated with the risk of injuries. The absolute differences between the injured and uninjured players were 6.9 N·m and 9.1 N·m, with small effect sizes ( d < 0.2). The ROC analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.54 and 0.56 for quadriceps concentric strength and hamstring eccentric strength, respectively, indicating a failed combined sensitivity and specificity of the 2 strength variables identified in the logistic regression models.

Conclusion:

This study identified small absolute strength differences and a wide overlap of the absolute strength measurements at the group level. The small associations between lower hamstring eccentric strength and lower quadriceps concentric strength with HSIs can only be considered as weak risk factors. The identification of these risk factors still does not allow the identification of individual players at risk. The use of isokinetic testing to determine the association between strength differences and HSIs is not supported.
Nutrient Intake in Vietnamese Preschool and School-Aged Children is Not Adequate
Authors: Bao Khanh Le Nguyen , Burgers Minke R. , Huu Chinh Nguyen , Tuoc Bui Van , Dinh Dung Nguyen , Deurenberg Paul , Schaafsma Anne
Published: March 2016

Background:

The traditional Vietnamese diet carries the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and a substantial part of children <11 years do not meet the Vietnamese recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for a range of nutrients. Dairy products are known for their high nutrient density and milk in particular for its provision of high-quality protein and relevant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and pantothenic acid.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of dairy to the overall nutrient intakes in the diets of Vietnamese children and to gain insight into factors affecting dairy consumption.

Methods:

Food intake, including dairy, was assessed by a 24-hour recall in 2811 Vietnamese children clustered into 4 age-groups: 1.0 to 2.9, 3.0 to 5.9, 6.0 to 8.9, and 9.0 to 11.9 years, and dairy was categorized into 6 product groups based on available information in the Vietnamese food composition table.

Results:

Higher dairy intake was associated with significantly higher intakes (in % estimated average requirement and %RDA) of all assessed nutrients, and largest effects and strongest associations were found for vitamin B2, calcium, vitamin D, fat, vitamin B1, protein, vitamin A, and zinc. Age, area of residence, and wealth status influenced the consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, age also influenced nutrient intake adequacy, which was generally lower at older age, especially after the age of 6 years.

Conclusion:

The nutrient composition of the diet in especially Vietnamese school-aged children requires attention, and (fortified) dairy can play an important role in this.
Pregnant Women Diet Quality and Its Sociodemographic Determinants in Southwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Shamim Abu Ahmed , Mashreky Saidur Rahman , Ferdous Tarana , Tegenfeldt Kathrin , Roy Sumitro , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Rashid Iftekhar , Haque Raisul , Rahman Zakia , Hossen Kabir , Siddiquee Saydur Rahman , Rahman Mosiqure , Sanghvi Tina G. , Shaheen Nazma
Published: March 2016

Background:

Diet diversity of pregnant women is associated with nutrition sufficiency, micronutrient adequacy, and pregnancy outcomes. However, the sociodemographic determinants of diet diversity among pregnant women in low-income countries are not well studied.

Objective:

The analysis was undertaken to study the determinants of high dietary diversity and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods by pregnant women from rural Bangladesh.

Methods:

Pregnant women (508) were randomly selected from southwestern Bangladesh and interviewed to collect data about diet and sociodemographic characteristics. A 24-hour recall was used to collect information about diet. Diet diversity score was calculated for 9 major food groups. All analyses were conducted using STATA SE 12.

Result:

The overall mean diet diversity score was low at 4.28 and was significantly high among pregnant women who have higher educational achievement, whose husbands’ occupation was business, who live in households of 4 or more family members, and who were dwelling in a house with more than 1 room. Highest gap on knowledge and consumption was reported for 3 food groups including dairy foods, eggs, and dark green leafy vegetables. Consumption of dairy and eggs was lower among women from low socioeconomic status, but no significant association was found between sociodemographic characteristics and consumption of leafy vegetables.

Conclusion:

Our analysis has shown that diet quality of pregnant women was poor and intake of micronutrient-rich foods was low despite having knowledge about the importance of these foods, underscoring the need for promoting the diet quality in developing countries through behavior change communication programs.
Lorsque les « cas » frappent à la porte des « variables » - Quelques rappels sur l’analyse des résidus en modélisation statistique
Authors: Cautrès Bruno*
Published: March 2016

When the ‘Case’ Knocks on the Variables’ Door - Some Reminders about the Analysis of Residuals in Statistical Modeling - Modeling methods tend to generate a sociology of variables at the expense of a sociology of individuals. Taking into consideration residuals allows one to come back to the fact that the data collected are individual in nature and thus reintroduce individuals into the analysis.
The enhancement of chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells in RGD-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogels
Authors: Yao Yongchang , Zeng Lei , Huang Yuyang
Published: March 2016

In our previous work, we have developed an effective microcavitary alginate hydrogel for proliferation of chondrocytes and maintenance of chondrocytic phenotype. In present work, we investigated whether microcavitary alginate hydrogel could promote the chondrogenesis of progenitor cells. Moreover, we attempted to further optimize this system by incorporating synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide. ATDC5 cells were seeded into microcavitary alginate hydrogel with or without Arg-Gly-Asp immobilization. Cell Counting Kit-8 and live/dead staining were conducted to analyze cell proliferation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hematoxylin and eosin, and Toluidine blue O staining as well as Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the cartilaginous markers at transcriptional level and at protein level, respectively. The obtained data demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogel was preferable to promote the cell proliferation. Also, Arg-Gly-Asp-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogel improved the expression of chondrocytic genes including Collagen II and Aggrecan when compared with microcavitary alginate hydrogel. The results suggested that microcavitary alginate hydrogel could promote the chondrogenesis. And Arg-Gly-Asp would be promising to ameliorate this culture system for cartilage tissue engineering.
Moxifloxacin-Induced Visual Hallucinations: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Higdon Emily , Twilla Jennifer D. , Sands Christopher
Published: March 2016

Fluoroquinolones are extensively used to treat a variety of common bacterial infections. Due to their extensive use in clinical practice, increases in neuropsychiatric events have been reported. We discuss the case of a young female who developed visual hallucinations after 2 doses of moxifloxacin. After discontinuation of the moxifloxacin, the patient’s symptoms completely resolved. While one other case report exists with moxifloxacin, this case is unique in comparison. Our patient was a young female with no kidney dysfunction, no drug abuse history, absence of polypharmacy, and no previous psychological history that would have put her at an increased risk of drug-induced psychosis. Due to the prevalence of medication-induced hallucinations, it is imperative that clinicians are able to recognize offending medications in an effort to prevent misdiagnosis of a psychiatric illness.
Management of Cases of Blunt Trauma Abdomen at the Peripheral Health Care Facility Level—A Suggested Protocol
Authors: Sharma Pranati , Agarwal Arpit , Patel Ajay H. , Shah Jainam K. , Champaneri Himanshu A.
Published: March 2016

Trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in today’s world. It is the fourth major cause of death in the general population, and the principal cause of mortality among individuals under 45 years of age. Cases of abdominal trauma are frequently encountered by health professionals at different levels of care, as abdomen is the third most commonly injured region, with surgery required in about 25 per cent of civilian cases. In this article, an attempt has been made to review, analyze and present a suggestive protocol for managing cases of blunt trauma abdomen at peripheral health care facilities where resources are often limited.
The Global Citizen Conceptualized
Authors: Lilley Kathleen , Barker Michelle , Harris Neil
Published: March 2016

Universities’ aims for educating global citizens are rarely supported by a theoretical underpinning or evidence of outcomes. This study explored how international higher education experts conceptualize the global citizen or related terms representing the “ideal global graduate.” A global notion of citizenship was accepted by the majority (24/26) of participants. Four participants used other terms to describe the “ideal global graduate,” yet the knowledge, skills, and attitudes described by all participants were highly consistent and provide a close “fit” with the epistemology and ontology of moral and transformative cosmopolitanism. This evidence could suggest that terms describing the “ideal global graduate” are of less consequence than the underpinning values and mind-set they represent. This article suggests that the inevitable ambiguity surrounding the global citizen term could be tolerated. As such, future discourse and research could be directed toward organizational and pedagogical strategies that foster ethical and transformative thinking citizens and work-ready professionals.
Do Sex Offenders Have Higher Levels of Testosterone? Results From a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Jennifer S. , Gravel Jason
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the current study is to review the available scientific evidence on the relationship between testosterone and sexual aggression. A systematic search for all primary studies comparing basal testosterone levels in sex offenders and non-sex offenders was undertaken across 20 electronic databases using an explicit search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of seven studies were identified and 11 effect sizes were computed; effects were pooled using both fixed and random effects meta-analysis models. Although individual study findings present a mix of results wherein sex offenders have higher or lower baseline levels of testosterone than non-sex offenders, pooled results indicate no overall difference between groups. Moderators of the analyses suggest possibly lower rates of testosterone in child molesters than controls; however, results are dependent on study weighting. Limitations, policy implications with respect to chemical castration laws, and future directions for research are discussed.
Institutional Pressures and Isomorphism
Authors: Carter Jeremy G.
Published: March 2016

Previous research employing an institutional theoretical framework posits environmental factors play an integral role in the adoption of police practices. The present study applies this framework to examine the adoption of intelligence-led policing (ILP). Data from a purposive sample of national intelligence personnel from 254 agencies are used to employ both a measurement and structural model to explain ILP adoption. Weighted least squares estimation is employed through an asymptotic distribution free function to estimate the measurement and structural equation models. Models exhibit good fit indices, while institutional pressures, among others, had a significant and positive effect on ILP adoption. Findings support the role of institutional pressures in the diffusion of police practice. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
On the crucial role of ellipticity on elastohydrodynamic film thickness and friction
Authors: Wheeler J-D , Fillot N , Vergne P , Philippon D , Morales Espejel GE
Published: March 2016

The study reported here deals with elastohydrodynamic point contacts and it is focused on the influence of contact ellipticity. In five velocity–load reference cases, ellipticity was varied from slender to wide configurations, including the circular contact. For each case, Hertzian pressure, Hertzian area, load, and entrainment velocity were kept constant while the ellipticity was varied by changing the curvature radii. In this context, the maximum central film thickness did not occur for the infinitely wide contact, but for a slender configuration close to the circular case. Moreover, the minimum film thickness reached its optimum for a wide but finite elliptical contact. For low ellipticity ratios, specific film thickness features were obtained. In particular, very high central/minimum film thickness ratios are found. The cause of these behaviors was found in the change of the convergent shape. When the ellipticity was varied, the Poiseuille flows parallel and transverse to the entrainment direction were significantly modified and these modifications were quantitatively analyzed for the different cases. The competition between the Couette and the Poiseuille flows was totally different between the narrow and the wide elliptical contact, and this change was responsible for the film thickness variations with ellipticity. Ellipticity also had an effect on friction as it influenced the maximum pressure which in turn impacts the fluid viscosity.
Trajectories to third-language proficiency
Authors: Green David W
Published: March 2016

Is there a single trajectory to third-language (L3) communicative proficiency in proficient, adult bilingual speakers? Parsimony favours such a possibility but in this theoretical paper we argue that multiple trajectories will be the norm. We focus on the processes of language control. These processes mediate the initial transfer of syntactic forms, entrain processes that change the language network and govern the selection of L3 syntactic structures and lexical items. Theoretical models of initial transfer differ in terms of their demands on top-down and bottom-up processes of language control. L3 learning, though, requires both types of process, yielding potential variability in the syntactic structures that populate the landscape of transfer. A language network can capture that landscape by tagging any existing structure (whether from the first language or from the second language) for use in the L3 by linking it to a L3 language node. Representational change incurs further processing costs because speakers must select L3 syntactic forms and lexical items in the face of competition. In line with earlier research, we propose that top-down control processes external to the language network help select outputs for speech production but these processes themselves must adapt to the demands of selecting amongst three rather than two languages. In a final section we review the nature of variability in language control processes and the processes they entrain. Such variability strongly predicts multiple trajectories to L3 proficiency. Exploring the nature of such variety, using converging methods in longitudinal designs, provides an opportunity for theoretical and practical advance.
Ambient loading and modal parameters for the Chulitna River Bridge
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chen Gang S , Hulsey J Leroy , Dolan J Daniel , Dong Yongtao
Published: March 2016

The Chulitna River Bridge is a 790-ft five girder, five-span steel bridge on the Parks Highway between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska. This bridge was built in 1970 and widened in 1993. Under the no-live load condition, five support bearings are not in contact. Heavily loaded trucks often travel across this bridge to the oil fields in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. A virtual finite element modeling, dynamic field testing of the “ambient vibrational response,” and structural health monitoring system are used to analyze, evaluate, and monitor the structural performance. As the first stage of the research, this article presents results from the dynamic testing and evaluation of the structural responses of the bridge. In the dynamic field testing, 15 portable accelerometers were placed on centerline along the bridge length to record the structural response, and an ambient free-decay response was used to evaluate the dynamic properties of the bridge structure. Natural frequencies and modal damping ratios were identified and characterized using Hilbert–Huang transform and fast Fourier transform methods. Compared with conventional approaches, this study demonstrates that (1) the Hilbert–Huang method was found to be effective and suitable for modal parameter identification of a long steel girder bridge using ambient truck loading; (2) the nonlinear damping was, for the first time, identified based on Hilbert–Huang transform’s amplitude–time slope; (3) modal frequencies are very sensitive to sensor location so their position should be optimized.
Role of interfacial damage modeling in finite element analysis of intermediate crack debonding failure of FRP-plated reinforced concrete beams: A numerical investigation
Authors: Chen Guangming , Zhang Rong , Li Shiwei , Li Xiaoqin
Published: March 2016

This study presents a numerical investigation into the effects of interfacial damage on the bond behaviors of the interfaces between two adjacent cracks in a fiber-reinforced polymer-plated reinforced concrete beam. The interfaces investigated herein refer to both fiber-reinforced polymer-to-concrete interface and steel-to-concrete bonded interface which were well represented in this study by a simplifying fiber-reinforced polymer-to-concrete bonded joint or steel bar-to-concrete bonded jointed joint loaded at their two ends, aiming to simulating the interaction between two adjacent flexural cracks in the fiber-reinforced polymer-plated reinforced concrete beams. Parametric studies were carried out using nonlinear finite element model built in ABAQUS to investigate the effects of a number of significant factors such as bond length, ratio of loads applied at the two ends (i.e. load ratio), and types of bond–slip models, with the main objective being to clarify the effect of interfacial damage (i.e. bondline damage) during slip reversals on the bond behaviors of the interfaces. The numerical results show that in finite element analysis of intermediate crack debonding of fiber-reinforced polymer-plated reinforced concrete beams where multiple cracks may exist, an appropriate consideration of the interfacial damage during slip reversals is necessary in order to achieve accurate predictions on the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-to-concrete bonded interfaces, while for the steel bar-to-concrete interface, the consideration of the interfacial damage has insignificant effect on the numerical results if the yield strength and bar diameter are in their practical range.
Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation adapted as a method for narrative analysis to capture the existential realities expressed in stories from people living with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hardwick Louise
Published: March 2016

This paper draws on Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation to highlight aspects of the existential realities that emerge woven within the narratives of people living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It aims to give social workers and other professionals involved in inter-disciplinary care insight into the meaning-making process and the existential realities interwoven in accounts of lived experience, thereby validating this aspect of experience. To support this approach it also aims to make explicit the method used and interpretation applied to elicit these features. Ten adults with MS from across the North of England were recruited to tell their story related to the onset of, and adjustment to MS. Two of the narratives are presented, and through these, the method used for interpretation derived from the theory of Paul Ricoeur is demonstrated. What emerge, threaded within the events told in a triptych of past, present and future life envisaged, are glimpses of existential realities that evoke universal recognition such as abandonment, loss, acceptance; solidarity, aloneness, suffering and finally calm. The paper concludes that, given chronic conditions like MS often predispose existential deliberation, it is important that these dimensions of lived experience are acknowledged in professional encounters that seek to manage the condition and support people living well with it.
Formation and characterization of superhydrophobic and alcohol-repellent nonwovens via electrohydrodynamic atomization (electrospraying)
Authors: Dasdemir Mehmet , Ibili Hatice
Published: March 2016

This study focuses on the development of superhydrophobic and alcohol-repellent medical nonwoven fabrics via electrohydrodynamic atomization (electrospraying). It also compares the effectiveness of electrospraying with conventional pad-dry-cure finishing application. A commercial fluorochemical finishing agent was used to prepare fluorochemical solutions at varying concentrations (0.9–9 wt%). Electrospraying characteristics of these solutions were determined with characterizing their solution properties such as viscosity, conductivity and surface tension. After the successful applications of fluorochemical solutions on nonwoven fabrics via padding and electrospraying, wet pick-up ratios and weight gains of these fabrics were calculated. Also, water and alcohol repellencies of the coated fabrics were characterized with water contact angle and alcohol contact angle measurements. According to our findings, electrospraying application yielded less chemical consumption and higher water contact angle and alcohol contact angle results than padding. Increasing solution concentration and application time for electrospraying enhanced water contact angle values, which reached a maximum level (up to 156°) and afterwards remained almost constant depending on these variables. Thus, their limits to achieve superhydrophobic surfaces were able to be determined. Electrosprayed nonwovens were also shown to be alcohol-repellent against alcohol/water mixture of 70/30 (v/v%) whereas that was 30/70 (v/v%) for padded nonwovens. The investigation of the electrosprayed surfaces revealed a very less coating on the uppermost side of surface fibres which mostly led to the enhanced water and alcohol repellencies. One of the other important outcomes of this study is that there was no significant change on the comfort properties of nonwoven fabrics after the electrospraying application.
Identifying Latent Classes of Antisocial Behavior Among Youth From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Connolly Eric J. , Al-Ghamdi Mohammed Said , Kobeisy Ahmed Nezar , Alqurashi Fatiyah , Schwartz Joseph A. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: March 2016

Despite the wealth of knowledge on subclass formation for antisocial behavior among youth from the United States and other Western industrialized countries, very little is known about the subclass structure for antisocial behavior among youth growing up in other geographical contexts. Using validated measures of aggression, psychopathy, and low self-control, we employ latent class analysis to identify latent subgroups of antisocial behavior from a sample of 324 Saudi Arabian youth. Three classes of antisocial behavior emerged and significant associations between latent class membership and different forms of delinquency were observed. The findings are the first to show a similar pattern of latent class formation for antisocial behavior and risk for violent and nonviolent delinquency among Saudi Arabian youth compared to U.S. youth.
Playing Cultural Memory: Framing History in Call of Duty: Black Ops and Czechoslovakia 38-89: Assassination
Authors: Pötzsch Holger , Šisler Vít
Published: March 2016

The present article brings game studies into dialogue with cultural memory studies and argues for the significance of computer games for historical discourse and memory politics. Drawing upon the works of Robert Rosenstone and Astrid Erll, we develop concepts and theories from film studies and adapt them to respond to the media specificity of computer games. Through a critical reading of the first chapter of the history-based first-person shooter Call of Duty: Black Ops, the article demonstrates how the game’s formal properties frame in-game experiences and performances, and this way predisposes the emergence of certain memory-making potentials in and through constrained practices of play. Subsequently, an analysis of the serious game Czechoslovakia 38-89: Assassination shows the potentials of game design to facilitate meta-historical reflections and critical inquiries.
Case Series in Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Kent Kriston , Johnson Jamieson D. , Simeon Kate , Frates Elizabeth Pegg
Published: March 2016

As the number of people living with chronic diseases climbs upward, novel methods to address the root causes of these disease are necessary to transform the state of our nation’s health and our health care system. Interventions directed at making lasting lifestyle changes can have a major impact on the overall health of patients. In this pilot study, 4 obese patients, with unhealthy habits and abnormal blood profiles and biometrics, were able to significantly improve their lifestyles and their lab values with the 3-month intervention of a lifestyle medicine team, including a physician trained in lifestyle medicine, a certified wellness coach, a licensed nutrition specialist, a physical therapist, and a licensed mental health professional. Two patients had type 2 diabetes, and all 4 were hypertensive (blood pressure > 120/80 mm Hg). After the intervention, all improved their nutrition and increased their physical activity. In addition, all experienced improvements in lipid counts, blood pressure, weight loss, and cholesterol. The diabetic patients’ levels of hemoglobin A1C dropped to normal. These successes show the benefits of a lifestyle medicine team approach.
A joint synchronization parameter estimation in fractional Fourier transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing underwater acoustic communication system
Authors: Zheng Jia-chun , Sun Hai-xin , Yang Cheng-Fu , Liu Jing
Published: March 2016

In the conditions of Gaussian noise, symmetric alpha stable impulse noise, multipath propagation, Doppler effect, and so on, a joint synchronization algorithm is proposed for underwater acoustic communication system based on fractional Fourier transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The algorithm realizes the orthogonal multicarrier underwater acoustic communication system synchronization based on that the symmetrical triangular linear frequency modulation signal has the energy convergence in the domain of fractional Fourier transform. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, hyperbolic frequency modulation signal and linear frequency modulation signal are used as the evaluation index, and the synchronization performance of bit error rate of them is compared by simulation and pool experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm in this article is resistant to Gaussian noise, symmetric alpha stable pulse noise, multipath propagation, and Doppler effect, compared with traditional synchronization algorithms; the synchronization error probability is low at the same signal-to-noise ratio.
Percutaneous access for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Antoniou Stavros A , Child Emma , Torella Francesco , Antoniou George A
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Our objective was to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature and conduct an analysis of the outcomes of percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair.

Methods

MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; CENTRAL; the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry; ClinicalTrials.gov; and ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists were searched to identify all studies providing comparative outcomes of the percutaneous technique for endovascular aneurysm repair. Success rate and access-related complications were defined as the primary outcome parameters. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using fixed effect or random effects models. We conducted a network meta-analysis of different techniques for femoral access applying multivariate meta-analysis assuming consistency.

Findings

Three randomised controlled trials and 18 observational studies were identified. Percutaneous access was associated with a lower frequency of groin infection ( p < 0.0001) and lymphocele ( p = 0.007), and a shorter procedure time ( p < 0.0001) and hospital length of stay ( p = 0.03) compared with open surgical access. Moreover, percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair did not increase the risk of haematoma, pseudoaneurysm, and arterial thrombosis or dissection.

Conclusion

Percutaneous access demonstrates advantages over conventional surgical exposure for endovascular aneurysm repair, as indicated by access-related complications and hospital length of stay. Further research is required to define its impact on resource utilization, cost-effectiveness and quality of life.
Internal iliac coverage during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is a safe option: A preliminary study
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Jetty Prasad , Kubelik Dalibor , Hajjar George , Hill Andrew , Brandys Tim , Nagpal Sudhir
Published: March 2016

Endovascular aneurysm repairs lacking suitable common iliac artery landing zones occasionally require graft limb extension into the external iliac artery, covering the internal iliac artery origin. The purpose of this study was to assess incidence of type II endoleak following simple coverage of internal iliac artery without embolization during endovascular aneurysm repair. Three hundred eighty-nine endovascular aneurysm repairs performed by a single surgeon (2004–2015) were reviewed. Twenty-seven patients underwent simple internal iliac artery coverage. Type II endoleak was assessed from operative reports and follow-up computed tomography imaging. No patient suffered type II endoleak from a covered internal iliac artery in post-operative computed tomography scans. Follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 9 years. No severe pelvic ischemic complications were observed. In conclusion, for selected cases internal iliac artery coverage without embolization is a safe alternative to embolization in endovascular aneurysm repairs, where the graft must be extended into the external iliac artery.
The diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and the associated headache
Authors: Jensen Rigmor Højland , Radojicic Aleksandra , Yri Hanne
Published: March 2016

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a challenging disorder with a rapid increasing incidence due to a close relation to obesity. The onset of symptoms is often insidious and patients may see many different specialists before the IIH diagnosis is settled. A summary of diagnosis, symptoms, headache characteristics and course, as well as existing evidence of treatment strategies is presented and strategies for investigations and management are proposed.