bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New point mutation in CREBBP Gene cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Na , Xiao Yunbin , Liao Zhenyu , Xiao Zhenghui , Chen Zhi , Wang Xun
Published: November 2020

Background: RSTS is a rare autosomal dominant inheritance disease. It is easy to overlap with the phenotypes of other syndromes, To assist with future diagnoses, we summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Case presentation: The patient, female, aged 3 months, 4.2 kg, was admitted into our hospital 3 times after birth due to repeated infections, shortness of breath, poor response, low crying, cyanosis and poor breastfeeding. The child has a special complexion with congenital heart disease, hearing impairment, and hypothyroidism. The anterior fontanel has a lot of vellus hair, mainly on the back, low hairline, micrognathia, high palate arch. the high-precision clinical explicit PLUS test and analysis were performed on all of their blood. CREBBP gene heterozygous mutation c.890T> A (p.L297 *) was detected. At the same time, the sequencing data showed that the parents of the examinee did not carry this mutation, which may be new. Conclusion: combining clinical manifestations and genetic testing can clearly diagnose Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and enriched human CREBBP gene mutation database.
Long-term outcome of a patient with Transcobalamin deficiency caused by the homozygous c.1115_1116delCA mutation in TCN2 gene: a case report
Authors: Martino Francesco , Magenta Alessandra , Troccoli Maria Letizia , Martino Eliana , Torromeo Concetta , Versacci Paolo , Barillà Francesco
Published: November 2020

Background: Transcobalamin deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of cobalamin transport (prevalence: <1/1000000) which clinically manifests in early infancy. Case presentation:We describe the case of a 30 year old woman who at the age of 30 days presented with the classical clinical and laboratory signs of an inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism. Family history revealed a sister who died at the age of 3 months with a similar clinical syndrome and with pancytopenia. She was started on empirical intramuscular (IM) cobalamin supplements (injections of hydroxocobalamin 1 mg/day for 1 week and then 1 mg twice a week) and several transfusions of washed and concentrated red blood cells.With these treatments a clear improvement in symptoms was observed, with the disappearance of vomiting, diarrhea and normalization of the full blood count. At 8 years of age injections were stopped for 3 months causing the reappearance of megaloblastic anemia. IM hydroxocobalamin was then restarted sine die. The definitive diagnosis could only be established at 29 years of age when a genetic evaluation revealed the homozygous c.1115_1116delCA mutation of TCN2 gene (p.Q373GfsX38).Currently she is a 30-year old healthy lady taking 1 mg of IM hydroxocobalamin once a week.Conclusions: Our case report highlights that early detection of TC deficiency and early initiation of aggressive IM treatment is likely associated with disease control and an overall favorable outcome.
Screening Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Diabetes Patients in the Primary Diabetes Clinics
Authors: An Lingwang , Wang Yanlei , Cao Chenxiang , Chen Tao , Zhang Yonghong , Chen Linhui , Ren Shuhong , Tang Manni , Ma Fenglian , Li Xianglan , Yuan Shuang , Zhao Wenhui , lee Yaujunn , Xiao Jianzhong
Published: November 2020

Aim:To evaluate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients from the primary diabetes clinics for further comprehensive intervention in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 primary diabetes chain hospitals in Beijing, Lanzhou, Harbin, Chengdu and Taiyuan in continuous patients with T2DM from March 2016 to December 2019. The data collected at the first visit were analyzed, and proportions of patients reached the targets (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) < 7%, blood pressure < 130 / 80mmHg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 2.6mmol/l) were calculated. The differences among different hospitals, different treatment and numbers of aggregated ASCVD risk factors were compared.Results:A total of 20,431 participants, including 11,363 men (55.6%), with an average age of (59.4 ± 10.4) years were enrolled. Nearly 95% diabetes had one or more ASCVD risk factors other than hyperglycemia. The control rates of HbA1C, blood pressure, and LDL-C were 26.5%, 27.9%, and 42.6%, respectively. Only 4.1% patients achieved all 3 targets. Diabetes duration, family history and overweight/obesity were associated with the number of aggregated ASCVD risk factors. And the patients with short duration, no overweight/obesity, not smoking, less ASCVD risk factors and lived in Chengdu were associated with a higher control rates.Conclusions:In confront of poor control status, global management of ASCVD risk factors including weight loss and smoking stopping must be emphasized in the primary diabetes care settings.Highlights:The prevalence of ASCVD risk factors was high and control rates were low in the primary diabetes care hospitals in China.Overweight/obesity, smoking and resident area were associated with the aggregated ASCVD risk factors and worse control.Trial registration:Current ClinicalTrial.gov protocol ID NCT03707379. Date of Registration: October 16, 2018.https://clinicaltrials.gov
Community-dwelling Older Individuals using Day Services: Prevalence and Associations Between Walking, Toe-grip Strength, and Foot Problems -Cross-sectional Study-
Authors: Fujii Kashiko , Komoda Takuyuki , Honda Ikumi , Kawabe Nozomi , Nishimura Ryouhei , Sakakibra Yasumori , Fukumoto Takahiko
Published: November 2020

Background: Foot disorders in older individuals contribute to balance, posture, and gait instability, causing a decrease in activity of daily living and quality of life. However, the existing foot problems of older individuals in the community have not been studied well in Japan.Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed the foot-related data of 176 frail, old-aged participants who attended day service centers in Japan. Foot conditions were assessed and measured from various aspects, as was weight distribution to the floor. Multiple regression analysis was used to find foot item variables that correlated with toe-grip strength and walking speed.Results: Prevalence of skin dryness and suspected and existing nail fungal infection was high in both sexes regardless of care level. Prevalence rate of toe deformity and arch deformity was significantly higher in men and women requiring long-term care, respectively. The multiple regression analysis using stepwise method indicated the right toe-grip strength had a statistically significant association with the arch deformity, suspected or existing nail fungal infection, and nail thickness of the right sided foot (p-value, 0·012, 0·034, 0·040 respectively). Coefficients of all independent variables were negative. Any independent variables were not selected from the left foot. The corn, callus and toe deformity of right sided foot was significantly associated with walking test (p-value, 0·026, 0·033 respectively).Conclusions: Our study supported that individuals requiring more long-term care tend to have more foot problems. Some specific conditions were associated with toe-grip force and walking speed. This finding contributes to future strategies to protect foot health for community-dwelling older individuals, particularly the frail population. Trial registration: Not Applicable
A Huge Mullerian Duct Remnants in An Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Xiang Peng , Wang Wei , Li Shuang , Ping Hao , Liu Yuexin
Published: November 2020

Background: müllerian duct remnant is a disease which was reported infrequently. The cyst’s size in this case is even rarer. We performed surgery on this patient and introduced the procedure in detail. Case presentation: We present a case that a 58-year-old patient with a huge müllerian duct remnant between the prostate and rectum. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan of abdominal and pelvic showed that a cystic lesion with a size of 14×10×10 cm in the pelvic cavity. There were no surgical contraindications were found after some related preoperative examinations, so the laparoscopic surgery was performed. The features of the mass of postoperative pathologic examination presented that the characteristics are consistent with the Müllerian duct. Conclusions: Laparoscopic excision is a perfect way to manage müllerian duct remnant. This way can get good outcome and minimize the damage to the patient.
Assessment and management capacities for the child health screening and intervention initiative in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: PAGOLU KOTESWARA RAO , RAO T. RAGHAVA
Published: November 2020

Background: Early detection and early intervention of diseases can significantly improve child quality of life. The most often a diagnosis of Developmental Delay (DDs) made by a doctor based on strict guidelines. The aim of present survey is to decide the commonness of the conditions screened and institutional facilities through the RBSK activity among the children going to the DEIC focus at Visakhapatnam, India. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Visakhapatnam, District Early Intervention Centre (DEIC) one of the north coastal district of India for one year period and 6572 children aged 2 months-18 years were taken in the study. Norms were developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India to DEIC, according to the norms the pediatrician will examine the children who came to the center. Existing manpower analysis in the center was also done. Present study was done the multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify the predictors for DDs.Results: The examination of the 30 conditions screened under 4D's methodology, defects during childbirth were there in 255(3.88%), followed by deficiencies in 239 (3.63%) children, diseases during childhood were seen in 1277 (19.43%) children and disabilities and DDs were seen in 4801 (73.05%) children. From the diseases, dental caries were found in most elevated number of youngsters with 1219 (18.54%) cases. The mostly occurring DDs are language delay 941(14.31%) children had imperfections of these were observed. On analysis of deficiencies, most extreme number of 236 (3.59%) children was found with serious intense unhealthiness of severe acute malnutrition. Among the defects at birth, congenital deafness was the most frequently screened stipulation found in 84 (1.27%) children. The post of medical officer, Psychologist and DEIC manager stayed empty all through the examination time frame. Conclusion: In the present study we have undiagnosed that many curable diseases in children are not identified at all in a timely manner. Early intervention services on children's health are very useful and in future these services are extent for every individual child.
Prevalence and Bacteriology of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant women at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, South-western Uganda
Authors: Bahati Johnson , Stephen Bawakanya Mayanja , Joseph Ngonzi , Asiphas Owaraganise , Musa Kayondo , Taseera Kabanda
Published: November 2020

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women contribute about 25% of all infections and are among the most frequent clinical bacterial infections. Pregnancy changes in women that include anatomical, physiological and hormonal make them susceptible to develop UTI. Left untreated, UTI in pregnancy is associated with grave complications to the mother and fetus. These complications can be decreased by prompt and proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment that also reduces the emergency of drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem in the treatment of UTI. We determined the prevalence, bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of symptomatic urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 2019 to February 2020 involving 400 pregnant women with symptomatic UTI. Patient information was obtained using a structured questionnaire. We collected clean-catch midstream urine specimens for culture and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. Data was entered into RED-cap Version 8.2 software and then exported to Stata Version 14.1 for analysis.Results: The proportion of culture-positive UTI was 140/400 (35%). Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent (73%): Klebsiella pneumoniae 52(37.41%), Escherichia coli 40(28.78%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis 7(5.04% each), Citrobacter freundii 1(1%). Staphylococcus aureus 33(23.57%) was the only gram-positive isolate. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (95.7%, 95.0%, 72.9% and 50.7% respectively). Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae was 29.0% while that of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 33.3%. Multi-drug resistance (resistance in >2 drugs) was seen in 100% of the isolated bacteria. Majority of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime and gentamicin at 82.9%, 81.4%, 79.3%, 78.6%, 66.4% and 65.7% respectivelyConclusions: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent isolate followed by E. coli. These two organisms were highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. Our study recorded a higher prevalence of culture-positive UTI in pregnancy than all the studies in Uganda. Empirical treatment of UTI should be minimized as sensitivity varies for each organism, for each drug and over time.
Sub-nanosecond Infrared Photodetection using III-V Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Sun Bin , najarian Amin morteza , Zheng Chao , Sagar Laxmi , Choi Min-Jae , Li Xiyan , Levina Larissa , Baek Se-Woong , Lee Seungjin , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Abed Jehad , Liu Mengxia , Li Peicheng , Richter Lee , Voznyy Oleksandr , Lu Zheng-Hong , Arquer F. Pelayo Garcia de , Sargent Edward
Published: November 2020

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for IR light detection due to their tunable bandgap and solution processing; but to date, the time response of CQD IR photodiodes has been inferior to that provided by Si and InGaAs. We reasoned that the high permittivity of II-VI CQDs leads to slow charge extraction due to screening and capacitance; whereas III-Vs – if their surface chemistry could be mastered – offer a strong covalent character for low permittivity and fast operation. In initial studies, we found that existing covalent character led to imbalanced charge transport in InAs, the result of unpassivated surfaces and uncontrolled heavy doping. We report surface management using amphoteric ligand coordination and find that it addresses simultaneously the In and As surface dangling bonds. The new InAs CQD solids combine high mobility (0.04 cm2 V-1 s-1) with a 4x reduction in permittivity compared to PbS CQDs. The resulting photodiodes achieve a response time faster than 300 ps – a more than 100x improvement compared to the best previously-reported CQD photodiodes – combined with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30% at 940 nm.
Satellite Data Based Soil Water Index as a Tool to Monitor Droughts and Agricultural Crisis -An Example of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Boken Vijendra
Published: November 2020

Yavatmal is one of the drought prone districts in Maharashtra state of India and has witnessed an agricultural crisis to the extent that hundreds of its farmers have committed suicides in recent years. Satellite data based products have previously been used globally for monitoring and predicting of drought, but not for monitoring their extreme impacts that may include farmer-suicides. In this study, the performance of the Soil Water Index (SWI) derived from the surface soil moisture estimated by the European Space Agency’s Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) is assessed. Using the 2007-2015 data, it was found that the relationship of the SWI anomaly was bit stronger (coefficient. of correlation = 0.59) with the meteorological drought or precipitation than with the agricultural drought or crop yields of major crops (coefficient. of correlation = 0.50).  The farmer-suicide rate was better correlated with the SWI anomaly averaged annually than with the SWI anomaly averaged only for the monsoon months (June, July, August, and September). The correlation between the SWI averaged annually increased to 0.89 when the averages were taken for three years, with the highest correlation occurring between the suicide rate and the SWI anomaly averaged for three years. However, a positive relationship between SWI and the suicide rate indicated that drought was not a major factor responsible for suicide occurrence and other possible factors responsible for suicide occurrence need to examine in detail.
Predicting the dynamics of the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic based on the case-based reasoning approach
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zakharov Victor V. , Balykina Yulia E. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2020

The case-based rate reasoning (CBRR) method is presented for predicting future values of the coronavirus epidemic’s main parameters in Russia, which makes it possible to build shortterm forecasts based on analogues of the percentage growth dynamics in other countries. A new heuristic method for estimating the duration of the transition process of the percentage increase between specified levels is described, taking into account information about the dynamics of epidemiological processes in countries of the spreading chain. The CBRR software module has been developed in the MATLAB environment, which implements the proposed approach and intelligent proprietary algorithms for constructing trajectories of predicted epidemic indicators.
Recent Advances in Small Molecule PROTACs for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Li Wen , Elhassan Reham M. , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao
Published: November 2020

The PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera) technology is a target protein
degradation strategy, based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which has been gradually
developed into a potential means of targeted cancer therapy in recent years. This
strategy has already shown significant advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors
in terms of pharmacodynamics, selectivity, and drug resistance. Several small
molecule PROTACs have been in Phase I clinical trial. Herein, we have introduced the
mechanism, characteristics, and advantages of PROTAC strategy. And we have summarized
the recent advances in the development of small-molecule PROTACs for cancer
treatment. We hope this review will be helpful in optimizing the design of the ideal small-
molecule PROTACs and advancing targeted anticancer research.
Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Polyphenols by Inhibiting NF-κB to Halt Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Uddin Md. Sahab , Hasana Sharifa , Ahmad Jamil , Hossain Md. Farhad , Rahman Md. Mosiqur , Behl Tapan , Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Ausaf , Hafeez Abdul , Perveen Asma , Ashraf Ghulam Md
Published: November 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irrevocable chronic brain disorder featured by neuronal loss, microglial
accumulation, and progressive cognitive impairment. The proper pathophysiology of this life-threatening disorder
is not completely understood and no exact remedies have been found yet. Over the last few decades, research on
AD has mainly highlighted pathomechanisms linked to a couple of the major pathological hallmarks, including
extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)
made of tau proteins. Aβ can induce apoptosis, trigger an inflammatory response, and inhibit the synaptic plasticity
of the hippocampus, which ultimately contributes to reducing cognitive functions and memory impairment.
Recently, a third disease hallmark, the neuroinflammatory reaction that is mediated by cerebral innate immune
cells, has become a spotlight in the current research area, assured by pre-clinical, clinical, and genetic investigations.
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a cytokine producer, is significantly
associated with physiological inflammatory proceedings and thus shows a promising candidate for inflammation-
based AD therapy. Recent data reveal that phytochemicals, mainly polyphenol compounds, exhibit
potential neuroprotective functions and these may be considered as a vital resource for discovering several drug
candidates against AD. Interestingly, phytochemicals can easily interfere with the signaling pathway of NF-κB.
This review represents the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of polyphenols as inhibitors of NF-κB to combat AD
pathogenesis.
Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers
Authors: Janjua Kholood Abid , Shehzad Adeeb , Shahzad Raheem , Islam Salman Ul , Islam Mazhar Ul
Published: November 2020

There is compelling evidence that drug molecules isolated from natural sources are hindered by low
systemic bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the human body. Novel approaches are
urgently needed that could enhance the retention time as well as the efficacy of natural products in the body.
Among the various adopted approaches to meet this ever-increasing demand, nanoformulations show the most
fascinating way of improving the bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through modifying their pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics. Curcumin, a yellowish pigment isolated from dried ground rhizomes of turmeric,
exhibits tremendous pharmacological effects, including anticancer activities. Several in vitro and in vivo
studies have shown that curcumin mediates anticancer effects through the modulation (upregulation and/or
downregulations) of several intracellular signaling pathways both at protein and mRNA levels. Scientists have
introduced multiple modern techniques and novel dosage forms for enhancing the delivery, bioavailability, and
efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various malignancies. These novel dosage forms include nanoparticles,
liposomes, micelles, phospholipids, and curcumin-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles. Nanocurcumin has
shown improved anticancer effects compared to conventional curcumin formulations. This review discusses the
underlying molecular mechanism of various nanoformulations of curcumin for the treatment of different cancers.
We hope that this study will make a road map for preclinical and clinical investigations of cancer and recommend
nano curcumin as a drug of choice for cancer therapy.
Therapeutic Potential of Equol: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Fatima Atiya , Khan Mohd Shariq , Ahmad Md. Wasi
Published: November 2020

Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol), is a phytoestrogenic compound, which is synthesized from parent molecule
diadzein by intestinal bacterial flora. It is among one of the most extensively researched molecule due to its
high affinity towards estrogen receptors. Its enantiomeric form S-equol has been explored in the treatment of
estrogen/androgen mediated diseases. Various therapeutic applications such as anti-cancer, cardioprotective,
antidiabetic, antiosteoporosis, anti-ageing, and neuroprotective efficacy are attributed to it. This review explored
major studies related to biochemistry and pharmacological applications of equol for human health.
Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Under Metal-free Conditions
Authors: Yang Yaxin O. , Wang Xi , Xiao Jiaxi , Li Yadong , Sun Fengxia , Du Yunfei
Published: November 2020

In the past several decades, hypervalent iodine chemistry has witnessed prosperous
development as hypervalent iodine reagents have been widely used in various organic transformations.
Specifically, hypervalent iodine reagents have been vastly used in various bondforming
reactions. Among these oxidative coupling reactions, the reactions involving the
formation of C-N bond have been extensively explored to construct various heterocyclic
skeletons and synthesize various useful building blocks. This review article is to summarize
all the transformations in which carbon-nitrogen bond formation occurred by using hypervalent
iodine reagents under metal-free conditions.
Inhibition of S-protein RBD and hACE2 Interaction for Control of SARSCoV- 2 Infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Nayak Surendra Kumar
Published: November 2020

Background:

COVID-19 has become a pandemic with higher morbidity and mortality rates
after its start from Wuhan city of China. The infection by RNA virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 or
2019-nCoV, from the beta class of coronaviruses, has been found to be responsible for COVID-19.
Structural analysis and evidences have been indicated that interaction between a segment of receptor
binding domain (RBD) from S protein of the virus and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
(hACE2) is essential for cellular entry of the virus.

Objective:

The current review sheds light on structural aspects for the inhibition of RBD-hACE2 interaction
mediated cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:

The present study provides a critical review of recently published information on RBDhACE2
interaction and its inhibitors to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review highlighted the
structural aspects of the interaction between RBD-hACE2 and involved amino acid residues.

Results:

Recently, several studies are being conducted for the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 attachment
and entry to the human cellular system. One of the important targets for viral invasion is its
binding with cell surface receptor, hACE2, through RBD on S-protein. Mimicking of three residues
on ACE2 (Lys31, Glu35 and Lys353 on B chain) provided a hot target directed strategy for the inhibition
of early attachment of the virus to the cell. Early screening of peptidic or non-peptidic molecules
for the inhibition of RBD-hACE2 interaction has raised the hope for potential therapeutics against
COVID-19. The higher affinity of molecules toward RBD than ACE2 is an important factor for selectivity
and minimization of ACE2 related adverse events on the cardiovascular system, brain, kidney,
and foetus development during pregnancy.

Conclusion:

Inhibition of RBD-hACE2 interaction by different molecular scaffolds can be used as a
preferred strategy for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, published reports pointed out
Lys31, Glu35 and Lys353 on the B chain of ACE2 as crucial residues for mimicking and design of
novel molecules as inhibitors SARS-CoV-2 attachment to human cells. Moreover, some recently identified
RBD-hACE2 interaction inhibitors have also been described with their protein binding pattern
and potencies (IC50 values), which will help for further improvement in the selectivity.
Insights into Super-host Plant Species of Galling Insects in the Neotropical Region
Authors: Grandez-Rios Julio M. , Pizango Carlos G. H. , de Araújo Walter S.
Published: November 2020

Background:

The term ‘super host’ plant is often used in the literature surrounding plant-galling interactions, but the different contexts in which the term is used generates doubt and confusion due to the absence of a systematic definition of the term’s meaning.

Objective:

In this study, we used 60 well-defined plant-galling assemblages to propose a systematic definition of super-host plants at the local and regional level. In addition, we investigated factors that explain the number of galling species per host plant at different geographic scales.

Methods:

Plant-galling assemblages were compiled from an extensive literature review on insect gall inventories carried out in Brazil.

Results:

We found 888 host plant species belonging to 94 families and 340 genera hosting 2,376 insect gall morphotypes. At a local scale, 33.2% of host plant species harbored one insect gall morphotype and 12.2% hosted two gall morphotypes, making up 45.4% of the host plant species in each locality. At the regional scale, 51.5% of host plant species harbored one insect gall morphotype, and 17.9% of host plant species hosted two gall morphotypes, corresponding to 69.4% of all host plant species. Based on the average number of galling species per plant species, we classified the plant species into: 1) Host species; 2) Multi-host species and 3) Super-host species. The super-host plant species that showed the greatest richness of gall morphotypes at the local level were Baccharis reticularia and Adenocalymma neoflavidu. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between plant life-form architectural complexity and the number of galling species at the local level. At the regional scale, we registered five super-host species (Guapira opposita, Protium heptaphyllum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Myrcia splendens, and Byrsonima sericea) which hosted 21 or more insect gall morphotypes. The number of galling species per host plant species at the regional scale was influenced positively by geographic distribution rank and number of biomes in which each species of the plant occurs.

Conclusion:

The present study stands out as the first of its kind to provide a systematic standardization for the super-host plants and to investigate factors influencing these species.
Barriers to and Opportunities for Male Partner Involvement in Antenatal Care in Efforts to Eliminate Mother-to-child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Kenya: Systematic Review
Authors: Masaba Brian Barasa , Mmusi-Phetoe Rose M
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Men’s involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is intended to encourage husbands to support women’s care and associated interventions, including prevention of mother-to-child transmission from pregnancy to delivery, and throughout the postnatal period. The present study aimed to systematically review the barriers and opportunities for male partner involvement in antenatal care in efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Kenya.

Methods:

A systematic search of articles was from the following databases; Scopus, Science Direct, PUBMED, OVID, and Google scholar. The reference list of included studies was manually searched for possible additional eligible articles. The searches were conducted from May 2019 to April 2020. Qualitative analysis was done and data were presented in thematic domains.

Results:

The search generated 2208 articles, of which only 19 met the inclusion criteria. The major findings were discussed under two thematic domains: 1) Barriers: Knowledge, Social-cultural/economic factors, Institutional factors, and Age. 2) Opportunities: Skilled Birth Attendant, Human Immunodeficiency virus-free infant and Human Immunodeficiency virus testing.

Conclusion:

The review notes that the main barriers to male partner involvement in antenatal care in efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency virus in Kenya include; socio-cultural factors, the low maternal-child health education by the male partner, and institutional factors. It further provides insight on the opportunities associated with male partner involvement in antenatal care/prevention of mother-to-child transmission, which includes; having Human Immunodeficiency virus-free infants and increased, skilled birth deliveries. The review strongly calls out for sustainable initiatives to incorporate males into the antenatal care/prevention of mother to child transmission programs.
Activated Carbon of Coconut Shell Modified TiO2 as a Batik Waste Treatment
Authors: Pujiono Fery Eko , Mulyati Tri Ana , Fizakia Miftakhul Nor
Published: November 2020

Research about the modification of activated carbon of coconut shell with TiO2 as a waste treatment Batik has been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modified TiO2 on activated carbon characteristics and the effect of TiO2 concentration on the adsorption power of activated carbon in batik waste. The method utilized was activated carbon soaked in TiO2 with 5% and 10% concentrations in a ratio of 1: 5, then stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 2 hours. Next, the mixture was placed in an autoclave bottle and an oven (200°C for 30 minutes). The results were then washed with distilled water and dried (100°C for 5 hours), then the material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and application to batik waste. FTIR results indicated the presence of Ti-O-Ti groups after modification at wave number 682 cm-1, XRD indicated the presence of a combination of amorphous KA and crystalline TiO2 at 25,2°; 37,7°; 48,1°; 53,8°; and 55°, and SEM results of TiO2 agglomeration on the surface of the railroad. Adsorption of batik waste showed KATiO2-10 (0,052) lower than KA (0,059) and KATiO2-5 (0,057), as well as the presence of COD KA results = 705,6 mg / L (pH = 8), KATiO2-5 = 504,0 mg / L (pH pH = 7) and KATiO2-10= 403,2 mg / L (pH = 7). Based on this research, the activated carbon modified TiO2 can be used as a material for processing batik waste with the most significant concentration of TiO2 represent 10%.
Interoperable IoT system that could adapt local context of the built environment
Authors: Yashiro Tomonari
Published: November 2020

IoT technology has great potential to transform the built environment and, in doing so, create energy savings. With operational energy use in buildings causing around 30 per cent of CO2 gas emissions, and demand for energy use in buildings on the rise, it is necessary to develop measures
to reduce consumption, and IoT could hold the key to this. Just a few examples of ways that this can be achieved are: real-time energy monitoring, with IoT smart sensors measuring the power consumption of a building to show how and where energy is used; smart lighting, whereby unnecessary
lighting is switched off and energy saved; and smart metering systems, leading to higher energy efficiency, cost savings and new data sources. Indeed, IoT devices in buildings can collect important data, which has a number of important applications, and the long-term value of IoT devices in
buildings comes from mining the data collected by sensors and devices as this can be used to enhance building performance and efficiency. Professor Tomonari Yashiro, based at the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, is exploring how ICT and the IoT could help improve the
sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings.
Innovative Research in the Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Hung Tzu-Chen , Feng Yong-Qiang
Published: November 2020

Thermodynamic cycles consist of a sequence of thermodynamic processes involving the transfer of heat and work into and then out of a system. Variables, such as pressure and temperature, eventually return the system to its initial state. During the process of passing through the system,
the working fluid converts heat and disposes of any remaining heat, making the cycle act as a heat engine, where heat or thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. Thermodynamic cycles are an efficient means of producing energy and one of the most well-known examples is a Rankine
cycle. From there, scientists have developed the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which uses fluid with a liquid to vapour phase change that occurs at a lower temperature than the water to steam phase change. Dr Tzu-Chen Hung and Dr Yong-Qiang Feng, who are based at both the Department of Mechanical
Engineering, National Taipei University in Taiwan, and the School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University in China, are carrying out work that seeks to design and build improved ORC systems which can be used for low-grade heat to power conversion.
Evaluating meat taste based on muscle fiber type
Authors: Mizunoya Wataru
Published: November 2020

Humans are thought to have begun eating meat around 2.6 million years ago, and today many diets in the developed and developing world still revolve around meat and meat products. While plant-based diets are on the rise, meat still remains a staple for many people, despite it being proven
that meat isn't necessary to keep us healthy. Dr Wataru Mizunoya is a researcher based in the Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology at Azabu University, Japan, and is delving into the science behind this. Mizunoya is investigating the unknown mechanics of the taste of meat. This involves
performing analyses to shed light on the compounds and physical properties that control the flavour of meat. To evaluate it, the team is focusing on muscle fibre type that is mainly studied in exercise physiology.
Clúster: Potenciador Del Desarrollo Local
Authors: Salvador Guerra César Efraín
Published: November 2020

La clave para que los países alcancen el desarrollo radica en que sus economías dejen de depender del sector primario; a saber, de la agricultura y explotación de recursos no renovables; y que más bien, empiecen a transitar en los distintos sectores económicos tales como: secundario (manufactura), terciario (comercio, servicios) o cuaternario (I+D, innovación). Para que ello suceda, los países, regiones y localidades deben aprovechar el potencial de desarrollo con el que cuentan; de modo que, logren mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar económico de sus habitantes. Una manera de aprovechar esas potencialidades, es a través de la creación de clústers alrededor de un producto o servicio en particular. Esta investigación defiende la idea de que los clústers fomentan el desarrollo económico de las localidades donde operan.
Estrutura e Sistema da “Justiça Federal”
Authors: Sobrinho Manoel de Oliveira Franco
Published: November 2020

Aprovando mensagem governamental, a Comissão Mista do Senado e da Câmara dos Deputados, em data de 18 de maio de 1966, oferecia redação final ao Projeto de Lei n.º 5-66 (C. N.) organizando a Justiça Federal de Primeira Instância. Assinavam o parecer como Presidente o Senador Bezerra N e t o e como Relator o Deputado Djalma Marinho. Referendavam o parecer os congressistas Wilson Gonçalves, Menezes Pimentel, Flávio Marcílio, Antônio Carlos, Chagas Rodrigues, Edmundo Levi, Gay da Fonseca, Oliveira Brito, Manoel Vilaça, Celestino Filho, Ezequias Costa e Catete Pinheiro. Organizava-se, assim, no Brasil, uma justiça de competência especializada, orientada pelo sistema federativo. A lei, depois sancionada, chegava para esclarecer que «a administração da Justiça Federal de primeira instância nos Estados, no Distrito Federal e nos Territórios, compete a Juízes Federais e a Juízes Federais Substitutos, com a colaboração dos órgãos auxiliares instituídos».
A Segurança Nacional e a Legislação Brasileira
Authors: Arruda Antônio de
Published: November 2020

Em artigo anterior, focalizamos a política nacional como a ciência e a arte de fixar os Objetivos Nacionais e de orientar a sua conquista e preservação. Segundo esse entendimento, a Política envolve uma tomada de decisão, que, no caso, implica na fixação de objetivos, considerados como a consubstanciação de interesses e aspirações nacionais. Dentre ele, destacam-se os Objetivos Nacionais Permanentes, de relativa estabilidade, que compreendem interesses e aspirações vitais e que compõem as forças de evolução, equilíbrio e sobrevivência da sociedade.
Governo e Comunicação
Authors: Figueiredo Archibaldo Deslandes
Published: November 2020

Os países que têm pressa não se podem dar ao luxo de uma massa vagarosa. Exigem a cooperação ativa e informada dos cidadãos das aldeias, assim como das cidades. Seus recursos humanos são indispensáveis. Eles vão ter, portanto, de acelerar o fluxo de informação, dar educação onde ela nunca existiu antes, alfabetizar e proporcionar ensino técnico em bases muito amplas. E a única maneira de fazê-lo e de cumprir o calendário previsto é utilizar todos os recursos da comunicação moderna. Um dos problemas da administração consiste em adaptar, em conjunto, as peças em transformação o mais eficientemente possíveis. Matéria-prima, máquinas e trabalhadores devem achar-se preparados na ocasião, mas não muito antes que as fábricas estejam prontas. O povo deve aprender a ler e ir à escola, mas somente quando houver oportunidade de fazer uso produtivo de Suas novas habilidades.
Pilares da Eficácia Administrativa
Authors: Lopes Mário
Published: November 2020

Na linguística contemporânea, segundo nos informa o acatado semanticista STEPHEN ULLMANN \ “tornou-se quase axiomático que a completa sinonímia não existe”. As palavras eficácia e eficiência, pelo menos em tema de administração, confirmam a asserção do catedrático da Universidade de Leeds. Conquanto, lexicamente, representem uma abstração com a mesma conotação semântica, quando saem do “estado de dicionário” e entram no contexto sintático, passam a constituir Palavras-fato, com conteúdo de sentido bastante diferenciado. Não podem, portanto, em linguagem de administradores, ser Permutáveis. E nem por isso se poderão criticar os administradores. Muito menos caberá acusá-los de criar uma linguagem especial. Sabe-se que os grupos profissionais e sociais, ao longo dos seus contatos, criam uma língua peculiar, em que vocábulos gerais assumem significação particularizam-te e restrita. A palavra exercício, por exemplo, é de uso frequente e tem significação muito conhecida. Mas, quando usada dentro de grupos Profissionais bem definidos, apresenta-se com aspectos semânticos variados e passa a ser entendida diferentemente
Ecologia marinha
Authors: Tommasi Luiz Roberto
Published: November 2020

Os oceanos cobrem cerca de 72% da superfície da terra. É por isso que já se disse que o nome deste planeta deveria ser água e não Terra! Apesar disso, apenas 7 a 8% da proteína consumida pelo homem provêm dos oceanos. A pesca costeira é hoje muito cara, devido ao alto custo dos combustíveis, lubrificantes, salários, reparos, etc. A pesca de alto-mar é então muito mais cara ainda. Além disso, vários produtos da pesca são considerados nobres, isto é, destinados apenas a classes mais elevadas da sociedade, dado seu alto preço, como é o caso dos camarões, das lagostas, lagostins e de várias espécies de peixes. Já peixes como a sardinha são destinados às classes mais pobres. É por tudo isso que o grande futuro do oceano como fonte de proteínas, cada vez mais, não está na pesca, mas sim na aquacultura, na criação de peixes, ostras, mariscos, camarões, algas, etc. Um fato que ressalva essa perspectiva é que os oceanos estão longe de serem extremamente ricos como muitos pensaram no passado — o inesgotável futuro celeiro da humanidade. Em realidade, apenas duas regiões oceânicas são efetivamente produtivas, a dos estuários e as de ressurgência.
Considerações sobre a educação ambiental e o papel do Estado
Authors: Gualda Regina Helena Crespo
Published: November 2020

A lei que instituiu, no Brasil, a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente se refere em vários pontos à necessidade de formação de uma consciência pública voltada ou dirigida para a preservação da qualidade ambiental. Reconhece, assim, a não-existência ou a existência em grau incipiente de uma consciência ecológica no país, ou, em outras palavras, de uma ideologia ambiental. Sem dúvida, essa ideologia não existe, ou existe de forma difusa, no que reflete as próprias condições de desenvolvimento do país e da forma como ele se insere no sistema produtivo e cultural do mundo. Inusitado seria se essa consciência existisse, em grau de maturidade, quando o processo de industrialização e de urbanização no Brasil mal superou os seus primeiros estágios, ainda que esteja se desenvolvendo em ritmo acelerado.
Ocupação da Amazônia e defesa florestal
Authors: Valverde Orlando
Published: November 2020

Dos três grandes domínios de selvas equatoriais da Terra, o da América tropical é o maior deles. Estende-se de norte a sul, desde a costa oriental do México até o centro da Bolívia, e de leste a oeste, desde São Luís do Maranhão até altitudes médias das vertentes orientais dos Andes. A hiléia representa mais de 20% da biomassa existente no planeta, embora a taigá1 siberiana cubra uma superfície bem maior; enquanto está encerra 250m3/ha de biomassa, a hiléia alcança, em média, 750m3/ha. Pode-se afirmar, grosso modo, que um terço das árvores da Terra inteira está na floresta equatorial da América. Mais de 250 espécies arbóreas da Amazônia brasileira já são conhecidas como fornecedoras de madeiras nobres, potencialmente comerciáveis. Apesar de figurar este item em primeiro lugar na pauta das exportações atuais do Estado do Pará, somente onze espécies botânicas de madeiras foram exportadas, em 1981, por este Estado. A despeito de que a maior parte dos recursos aproveitáveis da Floresta Amazônica seja ainda ignorada, já se conhece imensa variedade de produtos que dela se poderão obter, com o nível atual da tecnologia.
Espécies ameaçadas de extinção na Amazônia
Authors: Oren David Conway
Published: November 2020

O que são as espécies ameaçadas de extinção na Amazônia e o que elas representam? É uma pergunta bastante simples, mas nada fácil de responder, pois o nosso conhecimento da fauna e flora da vasta região florestada, que cobre 500.000.000 hectares do território nacional e mais 300.000.000 hectares distribuídos entre Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Peru e Venezuela, é largamente incompleto. Abençoado com clima ameno ao desenvolvimento da vida, não existe lugar no mundo onde a natureza floresça com mais exuberância. Apesar de pequenas equipes de cientistas e técnicos nacionais e estrangeiros pesquisando a riqueza biológica da região, a imensidão da Amazônia confunde a imaginação e frustra esforços para seu conhecimento.
O MERCADO DE ENERGIA ... Expansão e racionalização do consumo de energia elétrica
Authors: Erber Pietro
Published: November 2020

Este artigo enfoca as perspectivas de expansão do uso da energia elétrica, tendo em vista os fatores relevantes do crescimento de sua demanda, em particular os macroeconômicos e sociais. Procura também discutir as condições que poderão propiciar e os possíveis efeitos da substituição de derivados de petróleo e a conservação, bem como os possíveis efeitos dessas medidas sobre a demanda de energia elétrica.
A CAPACITAÇÃO ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIRA DO SETOR ... Investimentos no Setor Elétrico e ciclos econômicos
Authors: Reichstul Henri Philippe
Published: November 2020

Embora admita-se que o movimento cíclico da economia brasileira seja predominantemente influenciado pelas variações nos níveis de investimento do setor privado, as flutuações nos investimentos das empresas estatais, principalmente nas atividades produtivas (Setor Produtivo Estatal - SPE), como energia elétrica, aço, petróleo e mineração têm influência marcante na determinação daquele movimento. Isto se deve ao peso do investimento estatal, composto de unidades de grande porte, com elevada relação capital-produto, indivisibilidade técnica, longos prazos de maturação e economias de escala que implicam na criação de margens planejadas de capacidade ociosa. Por outro lado, à medida que se implementa, no país, um setor de bens de capital pesado, e que as articulações e interdependências na economia se aprofundam, as variações no investimento passam a marcar, com maior intensidade, os movimentos cíclicos da economia.
A CAPACITAÇÃO ECONOMlCO-FINANCEIRA...Plano de Recuperação do Setor de Energia Elétrica — resumo
Authors: Alquéres José Luiz
Published: November 2020

Os itens seguintes resumem o PRS — Plano de Recuperação do Setor de Energia Elétrica 1985/1989. O PRS é um instrumento de planejamento peculiar em termos do Setor Elétrico pois valoriza a abordagem de um planejamento no horizonte do período governamental vigente e não em período mais dilatado, como é a praxe do Setor. Sucede, e o próprio nome do plano indica, que o Setor Elétrico necessita passar um período de ajustamento onde decisões do passado devem ser revistas, cronogramas de obras reajustados, preços dos serviços restabelecidos a seus níveis econômicos e relacionamento entre empresas e entidades governamentais aprimorado. Assim, o PRS buscou estabelecer, no período até 1989, coerentemente com o do I PND da Nova República, as medidas necessárias para promover o equilíbrio econômico e f inanceiro do Setor, condição sine qua non para se estabelecer uma revisão do planejamento a mais longo prazo.