bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength‐is‐Weakness: The (ir)relevant relation between resources and payoffs in coalition formation
Authors: Wissink Joeri , Cantiani Anabela , van de Ven Niels , Pronk Tila , Erle Thorsten M. , van Beest Ilja
Published: November 2022

A key observation in coalition formation is that bargainers who control many resources are often excluded from coalitions by bargainers who control few resources, the Strength‐is‐Weakness effect. We argue that this effect is contingent on whether resources provide a legitimate claim to be included in a coalition. Across three incentivized coalition experiments (n = 2745; 915 triads), three participants (player A had four resources, player B had three resources, player C had two resources) negotiated about a payoff of 90 monetary units. Depending on condition, these resources were obtained randomly, earned, or earned and proportionally linked to the payoff. Results showed player As were less included when resources were obtained randomly and more often included in coalitions when resources were earned and/or proportionally linked to the payoff. This provides evidence that the Strength‐is‐Weakness is contingent on the legitimacy of the resources.
An approach for developing probabilistic models for temperature‐dependent properties of construction materials from fire tests and small data
Authors: Karaki Ghada , Naser Mohannad Z.
Published: November 2022

Probabilistic approaches provide a more realistic look into assessing structures under fire conditions and overcome some limitations observed in the more traditional (deterministic) approaches. These approaches have also been introduced to the fire engineering domain, for example, fire probabilistic risk analysis and probabilistic structural fire engineering. In order to perform probabilistic‐based analysis, temperature‐dependent probabilistic models for material properties are needed. This paper presents a methodology to develop temperature‐dependent probabilistic models for the thermal and mechanical properties for commonly used construction materials, including normal‐strength, high‐strength, and high‐performance concrete and mild, high‐strength, and cold‐formed steels. The presented approach analyzes a comprehensive list of surveyed experimental data at different temperature groups, tests the goodness of fit for a number of distributions, and derives a continuous function to quantify temperature‐dependent parameters of the distribution. In addition, the newly derived models are also compared against those adopted by fire codes, and standards and others derived using machine learning. The newly developed models will complement existing efforts to facilitate probabilistic performance‐based structural fire engineering.
A cryptic EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion in myxoid liposarcoma: Potential pitfalls with FISH and cytogenetics
Authors: Ibstedt Sebastian , de Mattos Camila Bedeschi Rego , Köster Jan , Mertens Fredrik
Published: November 2022

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is molecularly characterized by fusions involving the DDIT3 gene in chromosome band 12q13; the fusion partner is FUS in band 16p11 in 90–95% of the cases and EWSR1 in band 22q12 in the remaining 5–10%. Hence, molecular studies, often fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for DDIT3 rearrangement, are useful for establishing a correct diagnosis. Although all MLS tumors should have DDIT3 fusions, it is important to be aware of reasons for potential false‐negative results. We here present a case of MLS that was negative for FISH for DDIT3, that showed an unexpected t(11;22) at G‐banding, but that displayed a characteristic EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion at RNA‐sequencing. The results suggest that neoplasia‐associated fusions that, due to the transcriptional orientations of the two genes involved, cannot arise through only two double‐strand breaks are more likely to be associated with negative FISH‐findings and unexpected karyotypes.
Curvature‐weighted nudged elastic band method using the Riemann curvature
Authors: Mitsuta Yuki , Asada Toshio
Published: November 2022

The nudged elastic band (NEB) method is utilized to find reaction paths (RPs) using discretized intermediate structures called “images” between a reactant and a product. In fact, NEB calculations do not always converge because of the bent of RPs. Mathematically, more images are needed for complex curves, and here, we focused on the curvature. In this study, we propose a new method for calculating the curvature of the RPs as well as a method for weighting the spring constant of the NEB with the curvature, which we named the curvature weighted NEB (CW‐NEB) method. In addition, we will propose the CW‐NEB method with the climbing image (CI) method (CW‐CI‐NEB). To show the efficiency of our method, calculations for the ene‐reaction of the CW‐CI‐NEB method were performed and compared with those of the CI‐NEB methods. The CW‐CI‐NEB methods converged in shorter iteration times than the CI‐NEB calculation, which was found by gathering the bent of RPs.
Electronic and photophysical properties of selected organic boron‐containing molecules: Insight into effects of heteroatom substitution and aggregation
Authors: Zhang Lin , Cao Zexing
Published: November 2022

The density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT methods were used to investigate the electronic and optoelectronic properties of several main group atom‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as oxygen‐substituted PHO1 and PHO2, and sulfur‐substituted PHS1 and PHS2. The ground‐state structures of these molecules generally have an open‐shell singlet configuration with a certain diradical character. In comparison with PHO1 and PHO2, PHS1 and PHS2 own larger diradical character indices due to their increased anti‐aromaticity. Although the substitution of sulfur for the peripheral oxygen has a significant effect on the molecular geometry, the adiabatic excitation energy levels of the corresponding low‐lying excited states of these molecules are less changed. Calculations reveal that here the intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing processes in CH2Cl2 mainly occur between the S1 and T2 states, and the cis molecules PHO2 and PHS2 have better charge transportation performance. Furthermore, the electronic and photophysical properties of these B‐containing molecules are predicted to be tuned by the peripheral atom substitution and the structural and aggregation changes.
Improved donor chimerism in relapse myelofibrosis post allogenic stem cell transplant with azacitidine and oral decitabine—First case report
Authors: Cheung Verna , Michelis Fotios V. , Sibai Hassan
Published: November 2022

To date, allogenic stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains the only potential curative option for patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). However, relapse rates and associated mortality remain a concern. A second ASCT may not be feasible due to advancing age, declined functional status, donor unavailability, toxicities associated with a second ASCT. Herein, we report the first case of utilizing initially azacitidine and subsequently oral decitabine + cedazuridine (decitabine), in the context of relapsed PMF post‐ASCT. Utilizing both hypomethylating agents provided disease control and improved donor/myeloid lineage chimerism levels, and the patient also remained transfusion independent, with preserved functional status and quality of life.
Chickenpox and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Gaizhi , Zhou Shan , Xu Yaqi , Gao Ran , Zhang Min , Zeng Qi , Su Wenting , Wang Renxi
Published: November 2022

Observational studies have suggested a suspected association between varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection and multiple sclerosis (MS), but the connection has remained unclear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the causal relationship between chickenpox which is caused by VZV infection and MS. We performed a two‑sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the association of chickenpox with MS using summary statistics from genome‑wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS summary statistics data for chickenpox was from the 23andMe cohort including 107 769 cases and 15 982 controls. A large summary of statistical data from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) was used as the outcome GWAS data set, including 14 802 MS cases and 26 703 controls. We found evidence of a significant association between genetically predicted chickenpox and risk of MS (odds ratio [OR] = 35.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.97–54.17, p = 1.46E−59). Our findings provided evidence indicating a causal effect of chickenpox on MS. Further elucidations of this association and underlying mechanisms are needed for identifying feasible interventions to promote MS prevention.
A direct solution method for generalized stochastic eigenvalue problems of structures with random parameters
Authors: Qiu Zhiping , Jiang Nan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a direct solution method is proposed for solving generalized stochastic eigenvalue problems of structures with random uncertainties in structural parameters. Taking random parameters into consideration, predicting the statistical characteristics of the eigenvalues of structures within a probabilistic framework precisely is significant for structural analysis and design. However, the most typical method, the Monte‐Carlo Simulation is highly time consuming. And most of the existing methods with high computational efficiency compared to the Monte‐Carlo Simulation are approximate methods and may not be applicable for high‐precision requirements. Within the proposed method, the solution equations are deduced in terms of the properties of matrix operations step by step based on the Kronecker product and straightening operation, and thus the mean values and variances of the eigenvalues can be obtained directly with high precision. Three numerical examples are employed to illustrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method in specific engineering structures. The results indicate that the proposed method yields consistent mean values and variances of the eigenvalues with those obtained by the Monte‐Carlo Simulation respectively with significantly less computation time showing its superiority in accuracy and efficiency.
Psychiatric symptoms and couple satisfaction in parents of newborns before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A comparison of two prospective studies
Authors: Isokääntä Siiri , Koivula Krista , Kokki Hannu , Palokangas Sinivaula , Tavast Kati , Toivonen Iines , Kokki Merja
Published: November 2022

Aims

To assess anxiety, depression, perceived stress, couple satisfaction and life satisfaction of parents of healthy newborns in two cohorts in 2015 and in 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

A prospective follow‐up study.

Methods

We enrolled 60 parents of healthy newborns (n = 30 dyads) in 2015 and 60 parents (n = 30 dyads) in 2020. Both parents completed six valid and reliable questionnaires independently 1–2 days and 12 months after delivery: Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Couple Satisfaction Index and Life Satisfaction Scale‐4.

Results

Anxiety was more common but couple satisfaction better in both parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic than in 2015. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were similarly low, and life satisfaction was similarly high in both cohorts, indicating ample parental resilience. There was a moderate positive association between previous mental health disorders and parental anxiety after delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with the modified myeloablative conditioning regimen for children with chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Luo Yanhui , Wei Ang , Wang Bin , Zhu Guanghua , Zhang Rui , Jia Chenguang , Yan Yan , Zhou Xuan , Yang Jun , Qin Maoquan , Wang Tianyou
Published: November 2022

Importance

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is considered the only effective treatment for chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection (CAEBV). The clinical efficacy and safety of allo‐HSCT with different conditioning regimens in children with CAEBV remain unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allo‐HSCT with the modified myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen for children with CAEBV and also the factors affecting the outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed children with CAEBV who underwent allo‐HSCT with the modified MAC regimen at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2016 to June 2021. Data related to the clinical manifestations, engraftment, and outcome were extracted from the medical records.

Results

The cohort comprised 41 patients (24 males, 17 females) with a median transplantation age of 92.6 (60.4, 120.7) months and a median follow‐up time of 28.2 (15.3, 40.2) months. Four patients (9.8%) died, among which three died from primary disease relapse, and one died from grade IV acute graft‐versus‐host diseases (aGVHD) after stopping treatment. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) and 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rates were 88.8% ± 5.4% and 85.0% ± 5.7%, respectively. The 3‐year OS and EFS did not significantly differ between the patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and the patient without HLH (87.7% ± 6.8% vs. 91.7% ± 8.0%, P = 0.790; 85.0% ± 6.9% vs. 84.6% ± 10.0%, P = 0.921), or among the patients with complete remission, partial remission, and activity disease before HSCT (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that grade III–IV aGVHD was a risk factor for mortality (Hazards ratio: 11.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 136.06; P = 0.050).

Interpretation

Allo‐HSCT with the modified MAC regimen is safe and effective for pediatric CAEBV. This treatment benefits patients with HLH or active disease. Patients with Grade III–IV aGVHD may be associated with worse outcomes.
Registration of 17 upland cotton germplasm lines with improved resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 and good fiber quality
Authors: Ulloa Mauricio , Hutmacher Robert , Zhang Jinfa , Schramm TariLee , Roberts Philip A. , Ellis Margaret L. , Dever Jane , Wheeler Terry A. , Witt Travis , Sanogo Soum , Hague Steve , Keely Mark P. , Arce Joel , Angeles Jorge , Hake Kater , Payton Paxton
Published: November 2022

With Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen) race 4 (FOV4) formally identified in proximity to the High Plains of west Texas—the largest upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing region in the United States—the need to develop cultivars resistant to FOV4 has become urgent.  Currently, there are no commercial upland cultivars available claiming FOV4 resistance. Fusarium wilt race 4, a soil‐borne fungus, has affected the cotton crop in the San Joaquin Valley of California for two decades. The primary purpose for the release of the upland PSSJ‐FRU01–PSSJ‐FRU17 (Reg. no. GP‐110–GP‐1126, PI 699966–PI 699982) germplasm lines is to provide cotton breeders with urgently needed sources for FOV4 resistance in upland cotton. The lines were derived from six different cross‐combinations using 10 parental lines with different genetic backgrounds (e.g., ‘DES 920’ [PI 536522], ‘NM12Y1004’ [NuMex COT 15 GLS, PI 678371], ‘MARS ROSE CLUSTER’ [PI 528483], ‘AUBURN M’ [PI 529214], and ‘SA‐3208’ [LIAO MIAN 7 HAO]). Several cycles of selection were applied to these developed lines based on an asymptomatic single plant selection after greenhouse FOV4 inoculations or infested field evaluations from F1 to F4. In 2019–2021 evaluations, germplasm lines showed enhanced resistance to FOV4 with significantly lower percentage mortality and vascular root staining as compared to resistant controls (‘Pima‐S6’ and ‘PHY 881 RF’) and improved fiber strength and some long fibers. These released lines will help to reduce the vulnerability of upland cotton to this fungal pathogen and advance efforts to broaden the resistance genetic base which is critical for the upland cotton industry.
Rural low‐carbon energy development in the information age: Can internet access drive the farmer to participate in personal carbon trading schemes related to bioenergy?
Authors: Li Fanlue , He Ke , Zhu Run , Zhang Junbiao , Gao Ming
Published: November 2022

The internet has become a valuable tool for people to receive and transmit information, thus having a profound impact on their living habits and values. Based on face‐to‐face interview survey data collected in Central China, taking the biogas CCER scheme as an example, we discuss the effects of internet access on farmers' willingness to participate in the PCT scheme and desired carbon price. Our findings revealed that internet access improved the willingness of farmers to participate in the PCT scheme. We also found that it was likely to further increase the desired carbon price for those willing to participate. Further analysis demonstrated that male, young and middle‐aged, and low‐educated farmers were more likely to show greater motivation for participation in the PCT scheme due to internet access influence compared to other farmers. Additionally, we identified that the longer duration of internet access, the more likely farmers are to show a higher willingness to participate in the PCT scheme and hence the desired carbon price. In summary, the findings from this study imply that rural internet building exhibits a significant role in promoting the spread of PCT scheme and also helps to alleviate rural poverty.
4D Direct Laser Writing of Submerged Structural Colors at the Microscale
Authors: Liu Bingrui , Dong Bin , Xin Chen , Chen Chao , Zhang Leran , Wang Dawei , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Zhang Li , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru
Published: November 2022

Biomimetic stimuli‐responsive structure colors (SCs) can improve the visualization and identification in the micro functional structure field such as information encryption/decryption and smart actuators. However, it is still challenging to develop the ability to 4D print arbitrary submerged colorful patterns with stimuli‐responsive materials at the microscale. Herein, a hydrogel photoresist with feature resolution (98 nm) for the fabrication of 4D microscopic SCs by the femtosecond direct laser writing method is developed. The 4D printed woodpile SCs are grouped as pixel palettes with various laser parameters and they spanned almost the entire color space. The coloring mechanism of diffraction gratings is not only investigated by optics microscopy and spectroscopy but also supported by simulation. Moreover, the 4D printed hydrogel‐integrated amphichromatic fish constructions and pixelated painting can visually discolor reversibly by regulating the solution pH. This finding promises an ideal coloring method for sensors, anti‐counterfeiting labels, and transformable photonic devices.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to brucellosis among cattle farmers, meat handlers and medical professionals in Namibia
Authors: Madzingira Oscar , Byaruhanga Charles , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo , van Heerden Henriette
Published: November 2022

Background

Brucellosis is a re‐emerging zoonosis of significant socio‐economic, animal and public health importance. It is principally a foodborne or occupation‐associated infection of humans, whose effective control depends on maximum cooperation of high‐risk populations.

Objectives

The study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to brucellosis among cattle farmers (communal and commercial), meat handlers (abattoir and butchery workers) and medical professionals (nurses and doctors) in Namibia.

Methods

Between June 2019 and September 2020, self‐administered questionnaires and questionnaire interviews were carried out in cattle farmers (n = 264), meat handlers (n = 143) and medical professionals (n = 124) in Namibia.

Results

Overall, 43.50% (231/531) of respondents were aware of brucellosis, with the highest awareness among medical professionals (73.39%, 91/124) and the least in meat handlers (13.99%, 20/143). Awareness of brucellosis was associated with tertiary education (p < 0.001) and the medical profession (p < 0.001). However, most medical professionals (98.39%, 122/124) did not consider brucellosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of persistent febrile illness. A proportion of communal (85.60%) and commercial (71.00%) farmers; abattoir workers (44.40%); butchers (53.50%); nurses (55.60%); and medical doctors (28.00%) consumed raw milk.

Conclusions

The study identified the purchase of animals of unknown health status; assisting cow delivery; handling of aborted fetuses with no protective wear; consumption of raw milk, homemade cheese, cattle testes and undercooked livers, as risk factors for Brucella infection in cattle and humans. Thus, intensified risk communication, including public health education, is recommended, in particular, among meat handlers and communal farmers, to promote awareness and discourage risky practices.
Two phase local/nonlocal thermo elastic waves in a graphene oxide composite nanobeam subjected to electrical potential
Authors: Selvamani Rajendran , Tornabene Francesco , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: November 2022

The present article studies the two phase local/nonlocal deformation of thermo electrical composite nanobeam reinforced with graphene oxide powder (GOP). The controlling equation of motion and boundary conditions are derived via two phase elasticity in differential form in conjunction with Hamilton's principle and Euler‐Bernoulli beam theory. The effect of a thermal and piezo electric field is incorporated with the governing equations by convoluting field quantities and displacement components. Then, Navier method is adopted to observe the influence of simply supported boundary conditions on the dynamics of the beam. Comparison studies are performed to display the accuracy and efficiency of this analytical model. Further, the effects of GOP weight fraction, two phase parameter, external electric voltage and temperature difference on the dimensionless frequency of GOP reinforced piezo thermo elastic composite beams are thoroughly investigated and highlighted through tables and dispersion curves. The results obtained from the present work gained the important role of GOP and thermo‐ piezoelectricity in predicting the vibration behaviors of two phase local/ nonlocal nanostructures.
Limited Commercial Licensing Strategies: A Piecewise Deterministic Differential Game
Authors: De Giovanni Domenico , Canci Jung Kyu
Published: November 2022

We sketch a dynamic model of limited commercial licensing, also known as “compulsory licensing”, making use of the framework of piecewise-deterministic differential games. The framework features key ingredients, such as (i) The risk that a compulsory licensing will be issued; (ii) The lack of information available to player in terms of when and even whether the compulsory license will be issued. The setup can be used to tackle the important question about the beneficial and detrimental aspects of compulsory licensing.
Life Events that Cascade: An Excursion into DALY Computations
Authors: Lee Young , Vo Thanh Vinh , Ni Derek , Mu Gang
Published: November 2022

A problem frequently encountered in point process modeling is that event times are usually not known. The only available information is the number of events over a given interval. Calculus and regularization present a convenient framework to perform inference in these circumstances through explicit formulas for this class of mixed doubly point processes. As an application, we present a novel way of dealing with uncertainties in the computation of disability-adjusted life year, which is a measure of overall disease burden in populations.
Operating Room Setup and Patient Positioning in MIS
Authors: Lee-Ong Alembert , Buenafe Alfred Allen
Published: November 2022

Crucial in any surgery, the performance and the outcome depend not only on the surgeon’s skills and patient preparation but also on the setup of the operating room (OR) and positioning of the patients. In endo-laparoscopic surgery, we work with technology like cameras, monitors, insufflators, energy devices, and more. They are connected and interconnected by several cables and tubings. It is vital for patient’s and OR Staff’s safety that they be easily accessible in a fast and timely manner in case of any emergency or unexpected event. Avoid entangling of cables, or interaction between tubing and cables will make your surgery safer, elegant, and less stressful.
Physiologic Considerations in Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Lee-Ong Alembert
Published: November 2022

MIS technique compared to the open technique is associated with substantial benefits for the patients, attributable to less surgical trauma; however, this does not imply the absence of physiologic changes when not anticipated may be deleterious. These physiologic alterations are triggered by a combination of the following: the insufflation gas used, the increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), the extreme patient positioning during surgery, and the effect of the surgery itself [1].
Laparoscopic Hartmann’s Procedure
Authors: Shao Yen-Chen , Shen Ming-Yin , Chen William Tzu-Liang
Published: November 2022

Hartmann’s procedure, Hartmann’s resection, or Hartmann’s operation is the surgical resection consisting of sigmoidectomy without intestinal restoration. It contains an end-colostomy and closure of a rectal stump. It was first described by Henri Albert Hartmann (1860–1952) for resection of rectal or sigmoid cancer [1]. Nowadays, Hartmann procedure is usually used in treating malignant obstruction of left-sided colon or in emergent conditions, such as sigmoid colon perforation [2], mostly because of diverticulum disease. The advantage of Hartmann’s procedure is reduction in morbidity and mortality in emergent settings because it avoids the possibility of complications from a colorectal anastomosis. For patients with unstable hemodynamic status, or multiple comorbidity or inflammatory condition of the intestinal tissue, which would make performing a colorectal anastomosis difficult or have a higher risk of anastomotic leakage, this procedure is simple and fast, and meanwhile preserve the chance of restoration of intestine continuity after patients’ general condition got improvement. However, the Hartmann reversal rate is variable in different studies, ranging from 0 to 50% [3, 4]. The morbidity rate of Hartmann reversal is up to 55%, and the mortality rate is ranging from 0 to 14% [5–7]. A study showed reversal of Hartmann between 3 and 9 months associated with increased risk of postoperative complications [8]. The mean interval from Hartmann procedure to its reversal is ranging from 7.5 to 9.1 months [3, 5]. We usually delay the reversal of Hartmann’s operation at least 6 months later in our daily practice. Hartmann’s procedure and/or reversal of Hartmann’s procedure could be conventional or laparoscopic. Laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann’s procedure is associated with less complications compared to the conventional method, especially in wound infection, anastomotic leakage, and cardiopulmonary complications [3].
Laparoscopic Omental Flap Partial Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Tang Siau Wei
Published: November 2022

Oncoplastic breast surgery combines oncological resection of a breast malignancy with plastic surgical techniques for immediate reconstruction of the defect using volume replacement or volume displacement techniques. As breast-conserving surgery increases in popularity, partial breast reconstruction using volume replacement techniques has evolved to allow excision of larger tumors while minimizing cosmetic deformity. Lateral chest wall perforator flaps (thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap and the lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap) are commonly used for tumors in the outer half of the breast; superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) flaps are commonly used for lower inner quadrant tumors. Upper inner quadrant defects present a challenge for volume replacement in partial breast reconstruction as there are limited options for local flaps and would require adequate mobilization for a longer pedicle if perforator flaps are utilized.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Frankel Adam , Smithers B. Mark
Published: November 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as troublesome symptoms and/or injury to the oesophageal mucosa consistent with acid exposure [1]. GORD is common, with an age-adjusted global prevalence of 9% but significant variation across the world [2]. The diagnosis can often be made on clinical grounds and is more likely if there is at least a partial response to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [3]. Indications for oesophageal testing have been recently updated in international consensus guidelines, which include guidelines where diagnosis is not clearly established [4]. Fundoplication is the use of the gastric fundus to create a high-pressure zone on or around the lower oesophagus and is usually performed laparoscopically. It can be considered in terms of the completeness of the wrap (generally from 90 to 360°), and if less than 360°, whether the wrap is brought anterior to the oesophagus, posterior, or both. The efficacy and side effect profiles of many of the approaches have been subjected to randomised trials: anterior 90 vs 360° [5]; anterior 180 vs 360° [6]; and posterior 270 vs 360° [7]. The relative merits of each have been recently reviewed by Morino and colleagues [8]. Fundoplication is at least as safe and effective as PPI in relieving the symptoms of GORD [9]. For PPI-refractory GORD, fundoplication is more effective than escalating medical therapy [10].
Electrosurgery and Energy Devices
Authors: Malik Sajid , Khairi Farah , Wijerathne Sujith
Published: November 2022

Energy and surgery have evolved together so closely that in the modern era, even thinking of doing surgery without energy has become nearly impossible. There are many types of energy devices available to be used today but to use them safely, the knowledge on the principles of surgical energy and safety is important.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Malik Sajid , Wijerathne Sujith
Published: November 2022

Bariatric surgery (BS) has proved its role in treating obesity and related comorbidities. The number of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomies (LSGs) performed globally has increased markedly and has become “trendy” among bariatric surgeons in the last few years [1]. LSG has attained its position as the primary procedure of choice in bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. In this procedure, 80% of the stomach, mainly the body and fundus are removed longitudinally, leaving behind a sleeve of the stomach along the lesser curve [2, 3]. The procedure can be performed by minimally invasive approaches as well as single incision access or even robotic surgery with comparable results [4, 5]. The weight loss is achieved by restricting the food entering the stomach. Another factor in the effectiveness of weight loss in sleeve gastrectomy is the decrease in blood levels of ghrelin, “the hormone that stimulates hunger,” and a majority of cells responsible for producing this hormone is found in the fundus which is removed during this procedure. This procedure can be performed as the first stage in more complex bariatric cases including cases of super-obesity before procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or the duodenal switch can be performed [6]. The objective is to achieve an initial weight loss that would help to perform more extensive mixed restrictive or malabsorptive procedures safely and effectively [7–9].
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Hai Pham Minh , Tuan Le Quan Anh
Published: November 2022

Distal pancreatectomy (DP) consists of standard DP (with or without splenic preserving) and Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS). The former is also called DP. The latter is indicated for malignant or suspected malignant tumors. Both can be performed via laparoscopic or open approach.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy
Authors: Fuentes Marilou B. , Lomanto Davide
Published: November 2022

Laparoscopic splenectomy has gained popularity as an option for patients having benign and malignant diseases as well as for trauma patients who are stable. Studies have shown that this procedure is prone to bleeding but with advanced technology and good anatomical knowledge of vasculature, the procedure is not only feasible but can be performed safely. Poulin who did the first laparoscopic partial splenectomy for ruptured spleen in 1995 proved it was possible. The inherent abundant blood supply and proximity of spleen to vital organs make it prone to 5–60% complication during its dissection, and hence utmost care and skills are needed during surgery [1].
Laparo-Endoscopic Approach to Complex Inguinal Hernia [Inguinoscrotal Hernias: Sliding Hernias]
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Lomanto Davide
Published: November 2022

Very few surgical entities have fascinated surgeons over centuries than the complexity of inguinal hernia repair. Despite being one of the commonest procedures performed, the surgical fraternity all over the world is still in the quest for the final word on the best type of repair. Similarly, treatment of complex groin hernia remains the same [1]. Complex groin hernia can be defined as those with large size, e.g., inguinoscrotal hernia, sliding hernia, multiple recurrences, infected mesh and strangulation, etc. The approach to these hernias involves a great deal of preoperative preparations and decision-making that is carried through the operation and postoperative period. The laparoscopic approach in these cases is feasible and with good outcomes provided that the surgeon adheres to three M’s; mastery of the anatomy, meticulous dissection, and modus operandi [2]. No wonder hundreds of procedures have been described for the treatment of complex groin hernia. There has been always a concern about whether complex groin hernia can be treated with laparoscopy or not but more favorable outcomes have been found with laparoscopy than in open surgery [1].
Posterior Plication or Combined Plication of the Recti Diastasis
Authors: Lomanto Davide , Maia Raquel , Lauro Enrico
Published: November 2022

The anterior abdominal wall consists of the abdominal rectus muscles separated by the linea alba, which is the fusion of the aponeuroses of external and internal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis.
Laparoscopic Parastomal Hernia Repair
Authors: Seow-En Isaac , Tsai Yuan-Yao , Chen William Tzu-Liang
Published: November 2022

Parastomal hernia is an incisional hernia resulting from an abdominal wall stoma creation [1]. The published incidence of parastomal hernia varies widely, with 2–28% and 4–48% affecting end ileostomies and end colostomies, respectively, depending on the severity of the hernia, method of diagnosis, and the duration of follow-up [2]. Loop stomas have a much lower incidence of parastomal herniation, as these tend to be reversed before a hernia can develop. The risk of herniation is cumulative with time but appears to be highest within 2 years of ostomy formation. Most patients are asymptomatic or have mild complaints such as intermittent discomfort or sporadic obstructive symptoms, but many eventually have symptoms significant enough to warrant surgical intervention, including incarceration, strangulation, and perforation. The bulging around the stoma can also cause result in difficulty applying the stoma appliance, resulting in leakage and skin irritation [2].
Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Kawasaki Disease Patients with Coronary Aneurysms
Authors: Tedla Bruke A. , Burns Jane C. , Tremoulet Adrianna H. , Shimizu Chisato , Gordon John B. , El-Said Howaida , Golding Fraser , Davis Christopher K. , Dummer Kirsten B.
Published: November 2022

The most significant sequelae of Kawasaki disease (KD) are coronary artery aneurysms, which can lead to risk of future myocardial ischemia. Exercise stress echocardiography allows for non-invasive assessment of myocardial dysfunction. We reviewed our single center experience with exercise stress echocardiography in patients with previous history of KD with coronary aneurysms. We reviewed the records of 53 KD patients who underwent exercise stress echocardiography from 2000 to 2020. Abnormal stress echocardiograms were defined as those showing no increase in biventricular systolic function post-exercise or regional wall motion abnormalities. Computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed for patients with abnormal stress echocardiograms. Clinical data were reviewed and correlated with stress echocardiogram results. Of the 53 patients, three (5.7%) had an abnormal exercise stress echocardiogram. All three patients were classified as AHA Risk Level 4 or 5 by coronary Z-score (internal dimension normalized for body surface area) and were confirmed to have coronary aneurysms, stenosis, or myocardial tissue perfusion defects on advanced cardiac imaging that could account for the results seen on stress echocardiogram. Exercise stress echocardiography detected signs of myocardial ischemia in a subset of high-risk patients with Kawasaki disease and coronary aneurysms and may be considered as a useful screening tool for this complex patient cohort.
Analysis of second order properties of production–inventory systems with lost sales
Authors: de la Cruz Nha-Nghi , Daduna Hans
Published: November 2022

We consider a single-item production–inventory system under a base stock policy for inventory control. We model the system as a closed Gordon–Newell network. The population size of the network is equal to the base stock level, which is the sum of the finished goods and work-in-process inventory. Each exogenous demand, which follows a Poisson process, releases a production order for a new unit and increases the amount of the work-in-process inventory. When there are no items in the finished goods inventory available, arriving demand is lost. The replenishment network operates with state dependent service rates, which we assume to be increasing and concave. First, we analyze the queue length behavior of a two node system and provide conditions under which the mean queue length at the production server is convex in the number of customers in the system. We prove that this leads to convexity of a standard cost function. Using Norton’s theorem, we are able to generalize our results for arbitrarily large production–inventory systems.
BT595, a 10% Human Normal Immunoglobulin, for Replacement Therapy of Primary Immunodeficiency Disease: Results of a Subcohort Analysis in Children
Authors: Kriván Gergely , Borte Michael , Soler-Palacin Pere , Church Joseph A. , Csurke Ildiko , Harris James B. , Lieberman Jay A. , Melamed Isaac R. , Moy James N. , Simon Reka , Aigner Silke , Lentze Stephan , Staiger Christiane
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To assess the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new, highly purified 10% IVIg (BT595, Yimmugo®) administered in children with PID.

Methods

This was an open-label, prospective, uncontrolled, multicenter Phase III pivotal trial. Among the 67 subjects in the trial were 18 pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years with diagnosis of PID included in this analysis. They received doses between 0.2 and 0.8 g/kg body weight for approximately 12 months at intervals of either 3 or 4 weeks. Dosage and dosing interval were based on each patient’s pre-trial infusion schedule. The rates of acute serious bacterial infections (SBI), secondary efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic outcomes were evaluated.

Results

No SBI occurred in the pediatric population. Two hundred sixty infusions were administered to the 18 pediatric patients. The mean (SD) IgG trough level was 8.55 (1.67) g/L at baseline and 8.84 (2.17) g/L at the follow-up visit after the last BT595 infusion. At the single infusions respectively, the average mean IgG trough levels ranged between 8.52 and 10.58 g/L. More than 85% of all infusions administered were not associated with any infusional AE (start during or within 72 h post-infusion). None of the severe or serious AEs were related to the investigational medicinal product (IMP). No premedication was used. Thirteen children reached a maximum infusion rate between > 2.0 and 8 mL/kg/h; no AE with an onset during the infusion occurred at these infusion rates.

Conclusion

BT595 is effective, convenient, well tolerated, and safe for the treatment of children with PID.

Trial registration

EudraCT: 2015–003652-52; NCT02810444, registered June 23, 2016.
Elementary school children’s perceptions of geometry classroom as a psychosocial learning environment: an analysis of participant-produced drawings
Authors: Kuzle Ana
Published: November 2022

A growing literature points to the importance of classroom social climate as one of the determinants of students’ academic performance and motivation, engagement, participation, and attitude towards school and teaching. However, little attention is given to social climate in the context of the mathematics classroom as a learning environment, with studies providing only insights into its specific aspects. The present study addressed these problems by investigating classroom social climate in the context of geometry lessons in Grades 3–6 with the goal of providing comprehensive insight into students’ perceptions of their geometry classroom climate by identifying its psychosocial aspects. In total, 114 primary-grade students participated in the qualitative cross-sectional study. To capture students’ perceptions of their geometry classroom, participant-produced drawings were used as a research method. These were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results reflected a teacher-centered image of a geometry learning environment which was driven by frontal work with a broad spectrum of participatory activities, but with very little student–student communication. Additionally, the lesson goals were transparent which were supported by using different teaching tools and materials. Lastly, the lessons were organized in an orderly manner. The findings offer potential opportunities for educators to plan and implement effective pedagogical strategies at the university that would reflect the teaching practices conducive to geometry learning. Likewise, the research method can be used in classroom learning environments as a tool to promote a dialogue between students and their teachers.
Children with medical complexities: their distinct vulnerability in health systems’ Covid-19 response and their claims of justice in the recovery phase
Authors: Lignou Sapfo , Sheehan Mark
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we discuss the lack of consideration given to children in the COVID-19 health systems policy response to the pandemic. We do this by focusing on the case of children with complex medical needs. We argue that, in broad terms, health systems policies that were implemented during the pandemic failed adequately to meet our obligations to both children generally and those with complex medical needs by failing to consider those needs and so to give them fair protection against harm and disadvantage. We argue that justice requires that the distinct needs and vulnerabilities of children with medical complexities are explicitly integrated and prioritised in decisions concerning healthcare and operational planning in the recovery phase and beyond.
On the life cycles of successful rock bands
Authors: Franses Philip Hans
Published: November 2022

A typical feature of life cycles of rock bands is that they seem to consist of two distinct stages. A first stage associates with initial entry and a second stage seems to be related to more mainstream success. This paper proposes a simple model to describe these two stages in the life cycles. The model is put to an empirical test by analyzing the numbers of annual shows of forty-nine heavy metal bands. It is found that initial peak success is attained, on average, after seven years, and that the second wave of success occurs after twenty years, again on average. The second peak associates with twice as much success as the first.
The bidirectional longitudinal association between health-related quality of life and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study
Authors: Adelantado-Renau Mireia , Monzonís-Carda Irene , Moliner-Urdiales Diego , Beltran-Valls Maria Reyes
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Although previous evidence has suggested a relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and academic performance, the directionality of this association is understudied and remains to be clarified. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to explore the bidirectional association between HRQoL and academic performance in adolescents between two timepoints with a 24-month interval. A secondary aim was to analyze whether this association varies between boys and girls.

Methods

This is a bidirectional longitudinal analysis with 257 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years at baseline) from the DADOS study. HRQoL was measured using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Academic performance was assessed through academic grades and the Spanish version of the Science Research Associates Test of Educational Ability.

Results

Cross-lagged analyses revealed that HRQoL at baseline was not associated with academic performance 24 months later, while all the academic grades and the overall score of academic abilities at baseline were positively associated with HRQoL at follow-up in adolescents. Results of the stratified analyses by sex were largely similar. Specifically, in girls, math, language, physical education, and grade point average at baseline were positively associated with HRQoL 24 months later, while in boys, all the academic grades indicators (except physical education), numeric ability, and the overall score of academic abilities at baseline were positively associated with HRQoL at follow-up.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that academic performance in early adolescence may predict HRQoL 24 months later. Health and education professionals could benefit from collaborating to achieve both improved academic performance and HRQoL in youth.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on reading performance of second grade children in Germany
Authors: Förster Natalie , Forthmann Boris , Back Mitja D. , Souvignier Elmar
Published: November 2022

In education, among the most anticipated consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are that student performance will stagnate or decline and that existing inequities will increase. Although some studies suggest a decline in student performance and widening learning gaps, the picture is less clear than expected. In this study, we add to the existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on student achievement. Specifically, we provide an analysis of the short- and mid-term effects of the pandemic on second grade reading performance in Germany using longitudinal assessments from over 19,500 students with eight measurement points in each school year. Interestingly, the effects of the pandemic established over time. Students in the first pandemic cohort even outperformed students from the pre-pandemic cohorts and showed a tendency towards decreased variances during the first lockdown. The second pandemic cohort showed no systematic mean differences, but generally had larger interindividual differences as compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. While the gender achievement gap seemed unaffected by the pandemic, the gap between students with and without a migration background widened over time—though even before the pandemic. These results underline the importance of considering effects of the pandemic across cohorts, large samples, and fine-grained assessments. We discuss our findings considering the context-specific educational challenges and in terms of practical implications for teachers’ professional development.