bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity, spatial distribution and evolution of inactive and weakly active hydrothermal deposits in the TAG hydrothermal field
Authors: Pelleter Ewan-Loiz , Principaud Mélanie , Alix Anne-Sophie , Boissier Audrey , Cheron Sandrine , Besson Florian , Altorffer Vincent , Guérin Charline , Gaillot Arnaud , Pierre Delphine , Rospabé Mathieu , Giunta Thomas , Grenet Léa , Cathalot Cecile , Cambon Marie-Anne , Fouquet Yves
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Although, there is an increasing focus on inactive or extinct seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits driven by the possibility of marine mining, only few studies have been devoted to them so far. The Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field is probably one of the best-studied hydrothermal systems even if the relict SMS deposits known since the mid-1980s have not been thoroughly explored.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of these so-called inactive sites.

Methods: During four different expeditions, we acquired high-resolution acoustic data and performed numerous human occupied vehicle (HOV) dive operations including extensive rock sampling and in-situ temperature measurements.

Results and Discussion: We discovered thirteen new hydrothermal mounds including six large (i.e. > 5,000 m2) deposits making the TAG hydrothermal field one of the largest accumulation of hydrothermal materials (21.1 Mt) known on the seafloor. However, copper and zinc grades of the largest SMS deposits remain low (i.e. < 1.4 wt%) even compared to on-land volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Additionally, eight areas of diffuse hydrothermal fluid flow were identified challenging the presumed inactivity of these SMS deposits and, for the first time, emphasizing the importance of low temperature (LT) hydrothermal activity in whole the TAG field. Inactive and weakly active SMS deposits exhibit a large diversity of surface mineralization (e.g. sulfides, Fe-Mn mineralization, jasper) illustrating complexity of hydrothermal activities but also different ageing history. Several mounds no longer have visible sulfide chimneys and are covered by a widespread layer of manganese and iron oxyhydroxides attesting the longevity of diffuse fluid flow at specific locations even long after last high-temperature (HT) hydrothermal activity has ceased. This contrasts with SMS deposits that are devoid of extensive LT precipitates but characterized by standing or topped sulfide chimney indicating a relatively abrupt cessation of HT hydrothermal activity.

Conclusion: Together these results allow us to propose evolution models to explain the diversity of active, weakly active and inactive SMS deposits in the TAG hydrothermal field.
Petrogenesis of late triassic high-silica granites in the North Qiangtang terrane, central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ji Changjun , Liu Bin , Chen Yun , Wu Zhenhan , Chen Chong
Published: April 2024

Although high-silica granites can provide unique insights into the maturity of the continental crust and rare metal enrichment, the origin of high-silica granitic magmatism remains uncertain. In this paper, we present an integrated study of zircon U-Pb geochronology and trace elements, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes for two typical high-silica granites (namely, the Longbao granitic porphyry and the Yushu granite) found in the North Qiangtang terrane, central Tibetan Plateau. Zircon geochronological data indicate that these high-silica granites crystallized at 217–214 Ma. All the samples from the Longbao granitic porphyry and the Yushu granite exhibited high SiO2, low MgO, depletion of Ba, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti, and enrichment of Th and U. They exhibited relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7120–0.7136 and low εNd(t) values of −8.58 ∼ −7.58; together with their old ages according to the two-stage Nd model (1.6–1.7 Ga), these features indicate the involvement of crustal materials. Geochemical and isotopic variation indicated that the high-silica granites studied were mainly produced by the dehydration melting of a muscovite (Ms)-bearing source, and that the Triassic turbidites might be a good candidate for the magma source. Combining this evidence with new regional studies, it can be concluded that partial melting of Triassic turbidites induced by slab roll-back might be the key factor controlling the origin of Late Triassic magmatism in the North Qiangtang terrane.
Turning the tides: achieving rapid and safe glucose control in adolescents with suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed loop systems
Authors: Castorani Valeria , Rigamonti Andrea , Frontino Giulio , Morotti Elisa , Sandullo Federica , Scialabba Francesco , Arrigoni Francesca , Dionisi Benedetta , Foglino Riccardo , Morosini Camilla , Olivieri Gabriele , Bonfanti Riccardo
Published: April 2024

Aim

Many adolescents with T1D experience a decline in metabolic control due to erratic eating habits and subpar adherence to treatment regimens. The objective of our retrospective observational study was to assess the effect of the Tandem Control IQ (CIQ) advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system on a cohort of adolescents with suboptimal glucose control.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 20 non-adherent patients with T1D, who were inconsistently using Multiple Daily Injections (MDIs) and flash glucose monitoring and were subsequently started and on CIQ. Glucometrics and the Glucose Risk Index were assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 6 months of CIQ use.

Results

The study included 20 adolescents with T1D (HbA1c: 10.0% ± 1.7). Time in range (TIR) increased from 27.1% ± 13.7 at baseline to 68.6% ± 14.2 at 2 weeks, 66.6% ± 10.7 at 1 month, and 60.4% ± 13.3 at 6 months of CIQ use. Time above range (TAR) >250 mg/dL decreased from 46.1% ± 23.8 to 9.9% ± 9.5 at 2 weeks, 10.8% ± 6.1 at 1 month, and 15.5% ± 10.5 at 6 months of AHCL use. Mean glucose levels improved from 251 mg/dL ± 68.9 to 175mg/dL ± 25.5 after 6 months of CIQ use. The Glucose Risk Index (GRI) also significantly reduced from 102 to 48 at 6 months of CIQ. HbA1c also improved from 10.0% ± 1.7 at baseline to 7.0% ± 0.7 after 6 months. Two patients experienced a single episode of mild diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Conclusions

AHCL systems provide a significant, rapid, and safe improvement in glucose control. This marks a pivotal advancement in technology that primarily benefited those who were already compliant.
Thyroid nodule rupture after radiofrequency ablation: case report and literature review
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Sajid Sameeha , Hodak Steven P. , Baldwin Chelsey K.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of thyroid nodules. Nodule rupture is a major complication of RFA. There is little known on the natural history of nodule rupture due to a lack of clinical experience and no consensus on its management. A comprehensive review of nodule rupture presentation, diagnosis, and management is needed.

Methods

We report a case of nodule rupture and conduct a literature review. A total of 33 patients experiencing nodule rupture after RFA were included, and their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results

Nodule rupture presents with acute swelling (90.3%) and pain (77.4%) within 7 months of RFA procedure, most commonly due to disruption of the anterior thyroid capsule (87%), and can be diagnosed with ultrasonography. Most ruptures can be managed conservatively, exemplified by our reported case. There are no reported cases of long-term sequalae.

Conclusion

Nodule rupture is the second most common major complication of RFA. Based on the available evidence, we propose a treatment algorithm for nodule rupture and recommendations for future data collection to address gaps in our understanding of rupture etiology and effective management.
Case Report: Intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning in two sisters with a 12p11.22 loss
Authors: Choi Haemi , Kim Jeong-A. , Cho Kyung-Ok , Kim Hyun Jung , Park Min-Hyeon
Published: April 2024

Multiple genome sequencing studies have identified genetic abnormalities as major causes of severe intellectual disability (ID). However, many children affected by mild ID and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) lack a genetic diagnosis because known causative ID genetic mutations have not been identified or the role of genetic variants in mild cases is less understood. Genetic variant testing in mild cases is necessary to provide information on prognosis and risk of occurrence. In this study, we report two sibling patients who were 5 years 9 months old and 3 years 3 months old and presented to the hospital due to developmental delay. Clinical assessment and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed. The patients were diagnosed with mild intellectual disability (ID) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Genetic analysis identified a loss of 12p11.22, including the OVCH1-AS1, OVCH1, and TMTC1 genes, which was the only variant that occurred in both sisters. Identical variants were found in their father with probable BIF. Neither patient presented any brain structural abnormalities or dysmorphism, and no exogenous factors or parenting problems were reported. Thus, loss of 12p11.22 may be associated with our patients’ cognitive impairment. The OVCH1, OVCH1-AS1 and TMTC1 variants identified in this study are the most likely disease-causing genes in the sisters. Our findings may expand as yet limited knowledge on mild ID and BIF causative variants, which would further support the diagnosis even if the severity is mild.
Chloroplast genomes in seven Lagerstroemia species provide new insights into molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes
Authors: He Ling , Xu Sujuan , Cheng Xinnian , Huang Hanlin , Dai Hongyu , Wang Xin , Ding Zhiyang , Xu Ming , Gu Haoran , Yan Na , Wang Chunyan
Published: April 2024

Lagerstroemia indica is an important commercial tree known for the ornamental value. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lagerstroemia indica “Pink Velour” (Lagerstroemia “Pink Velour”) was 152,174 bp in length with a GC content of 39.50%. It contained 85 protein coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNA genes. 207 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 31 codons with relative synonymous codon (RSCU)value > 1 were detected. Phylogenetic analysis divided 10 Lagerstroemia species into evolutionary branches of clade A and clade B. We conducted a comparative analysis of Lagerstroemia “Pink Velours” complete chloroplast genome with the genomes of six closely related Lagerstroemia species from different origins. The structural features of all seven species were similar, except for the deletion of ycf1 nucleobases at the JSA boundary. The large single-copy (LSC) and the small single-copy (SSC) had a higher sequence divergence than the IR region, and 8 genes that were highly divergent (trnK-UUU, petN, psbF, psbJ, ndhE, ndhD, ndhI, ycf1) had been identified and could be used as molecular markers in future studies. High nucleotide diversity was present in genes belonging to the photosynthesis category. Mutation of single nucleic acid was mainly influenced by codon usage. The value percentage of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) and synonymous substitutions (Ks) in 6 Lagerstroemia species revealed that more photosynthesis genes have Ka or Ks only in Lagerstroemia fauriei, Lagerstroemia limii, and Lagerstroemia subcostata. These advances will facilitate the breeding of closely related Lagerstroemia species and deepen understanding on climatic adaptation of Lagerstroemia plants.
The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in disease progression
Authors: Jiao Mingxia , Zhang Yeyong , Song Xie , Xu Bing
Published: April 2024

Thioredoxin domain containing protein-5 (TXNDC5), also known as endothelial protein-disulfide isomerase (Endo-PDI), is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum through the structural endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL), is a member of the PDI protein family and is highly expressed in the hypoxic state. TXNDC5 can regulate the rate of disulfide bond formation, isomerization and degradation of target proteins through its function as a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thereby altering protein conformation, activity and improving protein stability. Several studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between TXNDC5 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, fibrosis and tumors. In this paper, we detail the expression characteristics of TXNDC5 in a variety of diseases, summarize the mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes malignant disease progression, and summarize potential therapeutic strategies to target TXNDC5 for disease treatment.
Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions
Authors: Sanderson S. Laurie
Published: April 2024

Key unresolved questions about particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes are identified and discussed, focusing on areas with the potential for substantial future discovery. The published hypotheses that are explored have broad applicability to biological filtration and bioinspired improvements in commercial and industrial crossflow microfiltration processes and microfluidics. As the first synthesis of the primary literature on the particle separation mechanisms of marine, estuarine, and freshwater suspension-feeding fishes, the goals are to enable comparisons with invertebrate suspension-feeding processes, stimulate future theoretical and empirical studies, and further the development of biomimetic physical and computational fluid dynamics models. Of the eight particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes, six have been proposed within the past twenty years (inertial lift and shear-induced migration, reduction of effective gap size by vortices, cross-step filtration, vortical flow along outer faces of gill raker plates, ricochet filtration, and lateral displacement). The pace of discovery is anticipated to continue accelerating. Multidisciplinary collaboration and integration among biologists and engineers (including chemical, mechanical, biomedical, and filtration engineering) will result in new perspectives to identify patterns and potential unifying mechanisms across the breadth of suspension-feeding fish taxa, morphology, and function.
Spatio-temporal connectivity and dispersal seasonal patterns in the Adriatic Sea using a retention clock approach
Authors: Nadal Irene , Picciulin Marta , Falcieri Francesco M. , García-Lafuente Jesús , Sammartino Simone , Ghezzo Michol
Published: April 2024

Hydrodynamic features play a key role in determining the dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, especially in highly energetic areas determined by currents, river flow, and meteorologically induced fluctuations. Understanding how species interact with these physical processes is essential for managing vulnerable populations and identifying areas that require effective conservation efforts. This study examines the hydrodynamics that regulate connectivity in the Adriatic Sea, a shallow and semi-enclosed basin that is widely recognized as one of the most important areas in the Mediterranean Sea for protection. A high-resolution hydrodynamic model coupled with a lagrangian tracking module serves as the numerical tool. Lagrangian particles, representing eggs and larvae with typical biological characteristics of generic marine organisms inhabiting the region, are released throughout the basin at different times during a test year to identify the most likely pathways of individual dispersal. The temporal component of connectivity is highlighted using a previously developed retention clock matrix over different larval durations. Seasonality is a critical factor in dispersal, with greater variability and reduced efficiency in winter compared to summer. The potential implications of the results for improved assessment and management of high value marine species in the basin are discussed.
Research on floating body resistance characteristics of floating photovoltaic and analysis of influencing factors
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Kan
Published: April 2024

The floating structure of floating photovoltaic can be attached by aquatic organisms, resulting in changes in the draft depth of the floating body, which can affect the resistance characteristics of the floating body at different water velocities. The analysis for the characteristics of flow field is the key to revealing the change law of resistance under different conditions. The k-ϵ turbulence model which has been verified by water channel experiment is used to research the influence of draft depths, velocities and number of floating bodies for the drag in the paper. The research results show that the draft depth has more influence on the drag of the single floating body than on the velocity of water flow. The main reason is that the separation of the boundary layer produces a larger separation bubble, which increases the pressure difference between the front and back surfaces of the floating body, leading to a larger entrainment range and reflux velocity in the wake. The high flow velocity will enlarge the influence of the draft depth on the drag. The shielding effect of the tandem floating bodies is reflected in the non-uniform fluctuation of velocity and pressure along the flow direction, which affects the wake development of the tandem floating bodies, resulting in the typical spatial characteristics of resistance at different positions. The increase of the number of tandem floating bodies will further expand the difference of flow field, which can affect the resistance distribution law. The research results can provide theoretical support for the stability design of floating photovoltaic.
A novel approach toward cyberbullying with intelligent recommendations using deep learning based blockchain solution
Authors: Alabdali Aliaa M. , Mashat Arwa
Published: April 2024

Integrating healthcare into traffic accident prevention through predictive modeling holds immense potential. Decentralized Defense presents a transformative vision for combating cyberbullying, prioritizing user privacy, fostering a safer online environment, and offering valuable insights for both healthcare and predictive modeling applications. As cyberbullying proliferates in social media, a pressing need exists for a robust and innovative solution that ensures user safety in the cyberspace. This paper aims toward introducing the approach of merging Blockchain and Federated Learning (FL), to create a decentralized AI solutions for cyberbullying. It has also used Alloy Language for formal modeling of social connections using specific declarations that are defined by the novel algorithm in the paper on two different datasets on Cyberbullying and are available online. The proposed novel method uses DBN to run established relation tests amongst the features in two phases, the first is LSTM to run tests to develop established features for the DBN layer and second is that these are run on various blocks of information of the blockchain. The performance of our proposed research is compared with the previous research and are evaluated using several metrics on creating the standard benchmarks for real world applications.
Genome-based approach to evaluate the metabolic potentials and exopolysaccharides production of Bacillus paralicheniformis CamBx3 isolated from a Chilean hot spring
Authors: Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Singh Ram Nageena , Sani Rajesh K. , Banerjee Aparna
Published: April 2024

In the present study, a thermophilic strain designated CamBx3 was isolated from the Campanario hot spring, Chile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenomic, and average nucleotide identity analysis the strain CamBx3 was identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis. Genome analysis of B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 revealed the presence of genes related to heat tolerance, exopolysaccharides (EPS), dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory sulfate reduction. The pangenome analysis of strain CamBx3 with eight Bacillus spp. resulted in 26,562 gene clusters, 7,002 shell genes, and 19,484 cloud genes. The EPS produced by B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 was extracted, partially purified, and evaluated for its functional activities. B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 EPS with concentration 5 mg mL−1 showed an optimum 92 mM ferrous equivalent FRAP activity, while the same concentration showed a maximum 91% of Fe2+ chelating activity. B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 EPS (0.2 mg mL−1) demonstrated β-glucosidase inhibition. The EPS formed a viscoelastic gel at 45°C with a maximum instantaneous viscosity of 315 Pa.s at acidic pH 5. The present study suggests that B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 could be a valuable resource for biopolymers and bioactive molecules for industrial applications.
The emergence of identity, agency and consciousness from the temporal dynamics of neural elaboration
Authors: Fesce Riccardo
Published: April 2024

Identity—differentiating self from external reality—and agency—being the author of one’s acts—are generally considered intrinsic properties of awareness and looked at as mental constructs generated by consciousness. Here a different view is proposed. All physiological systems display complex time-dependent regulations to adapt or anticipate external changes. To interact with rapid changes, an animal needs a nervous system capable of modelling and predicting (not simply representing) it. Different algorithms must be employed to predict the momentary location of an object based on sensory information (received with a delay), or to design in advance and direct the trajectory of movement. Thus, the temporal dynamics of external events and action must be handled in differential ways, thereby generating the distinction between self and non-self (“identity”) as an intrinsic computational construct in neuronal elaboration. Handling time is not what neurons are designed for. Neuronal circuits are based on parallel processing: each bit of information diverges on many neurons, each of which combines it with many other data. Spike firing reports the likelihood that the specific pattern the neuron is designed to respond to is present in the incoming data. This organization seems designed to process synchronous datasets. However, since neural networks can introduce delays in processing, time sequences can be transformed into simultaneous patterns and analysed as such. This way predictive algorithms can be implemented, and continually improved through neuronal plasticity. To successfully interact with the external reality, the nervous system must model and predict, but also differentially handle perceptual functions or motor activity, by putting in register information that becomes available at different time moments. Also, to learn through positive/negative reinforcement, modelling must establish a causal relation between motor control and its consequences: the contrast between phase lag in perception and phase lead (and control) in motor programming produces the emergence of identity (discerning self from surrounding) and agency (control on actions) as necessary computational constructs to model reality. This does not require any form of awareness. In a brain, capable of producing awareness, these constructs may evolve from mere computational requirements into mental (conscious) constructs.
A bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy from 2003 to 2022
Authors: Hu Yue , Zheng Yadan , Yang Yue , Fang Wenfeng , Huang Maomao , Li Dan , Xu Zhangyu , Xu Fangyuan , Wang Jianxiong
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This bibliometric study explores cerebral palsy (CP) research from 2003 to 2022 to reveal the topic hotspots and collaborations.

Methods

We retrieved studies on CP from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2003 to 2022 and then used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to perform a bibliometric analysis and attain knowledge mapping, including publication outputs, funding, journals, authors, institutions, countries/territories, keywords, collaborative relationships, and topic hotspots.

Results

In total, 8,223 articles were published from 2003 to 2022. During this period, the number of publications increased continuously. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology was the most productive and frequently co-cited journal. Boyd was the most productive and influential author, with 143 publications and 4,011 citations. The United States and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam were the most productive countries and institutions, respectively. Researchers and institutions from the USA, Australia, and Canada constituted the core research forces, with extensive collaborations worldwide. The most common keywords were gait (553), rehabilitation (440), spasticity (325), botulinum toxin (174), therapy (148), upper extremity (141), quality of life (140), disability (115), pain (98), electromyography (97), kinematics (90), balance (88), participation (85), and walking (79).

Conclusion

This study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the CP-related literature. It reveals that Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology is the most active journal in this field. The USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Boyd are the top countries, institutions, and authors, respectively. Emerging treatment methods, complication management, and functional recovery comprise the future research directions and potential topic hotspots for CP.
Toward diffusion tensor imaging as a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: technical considerations to optimize recordings and data processing
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter , Kassubek Jan
Published: April 2024

Neuroimaging biomarkers have shown high potential to map the disease processes in the application to neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), e.g., diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). For DTI, the implementation of a standardized scanning and analysis cascade in clinical trials has potential to be further optimized. Over the last few years, various approaches to improve DTI applications to NDD have been developed. The core issue of this review was to address considerations and limitations of DTI in NDD: we discuss suggestions for improvements of DTI applications to NDD. Based on this technical approach, a set of recommendations was proposed for a standardized DTI scan protocol and an analysis cascade of DTI data pre-and postprocessing and statistical analysis. In summary, considering advantages and limitations of the DTI in NDD we suggest improvements for a standardized framework for a DTI-based protocol to be applied to future imaging studies in NDD, towards the goal to proceed to establish DTI as a biomarker in clinical trials in neurodegeneration.
Potential role of the Eph/ephrin system in colorectal cancer: emerging druggable molecular targets
Authors: Scarini João Figueira , Gonçalves Moisés Willian Aparecido , de Lima-Souza Reydson Alcides , Lavareze Luccas , de Carvalho Kimura Talita , Yang Ching-Chu , Altemani Albina , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , Soares Heloisa Prado , Fillmore Gary Chris , Egal Erika Said Abu
Published: April 2024

The Eph/ephrin system regulates many developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it is involved in different processes including tumorigenesis, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis development, and cancer stem cell regeneration. However, conflicting data regarding Eph receptors in CRC, especially in its putative role as an oncogene or a suppressor gene, make the precise role of Eph-ephrin interaction confusing in CRC development. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature and highlight evidence that collaborates with these ambiguous roles of the Eph/ephrin system in CRC, as well as the molecular findings that represent promising therapeutic targets.
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy for fetal adenocarcinoma lung cancer with severe pulmonary emphysema: a case report
Authors: Wu Yun-Sheng , Chen Yu-Ting , Chuang Jen-Hao , Liao Hsien-Chi
Published: April 2024

Background

Fetal adenocarcinoma is a very rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Its incidence ranges from 0.1 to 0.87% among all primary lung neoplasms. Low-grade types tend to appear in the younger generation, and the age ranges from 20 to 50 years with a mean age of around 35 years. Surgical resection is currently the best way to treat fetal adenocarcinoma lung cancer without distant metastasis.

Case report

This is a 56-year-old female who underwent low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) screening during the health examination. She used to be a heavy smoker for more than 30 years, and the CT images revealed severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. There is a solitary nodule with a diameter of 18.9 x 17.8mm in the central area of the left upper lobe. We decided to conduct left upper lobe S1~S3 segmentectomy under uniportal VATS. The surgery was successful, and the patient was discharged within one week and recovered well. The final diagnosis was fetal adenocarcinoma, low-grade (pT1cN0Mx, stage IA3).

Conclusion

The first case reported as fetal adenocarcinoma lung cancer who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy. We believe it is a safe and feasible procedure for low-grade types fetal adenocarcinoma patient with poor pulmonary function.
Deep learning model for predicting postoperative survival of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zeng Junjie , Song Dan , Li Kai , Cao Fengyu , Zheng Yongbin
Published: April 2024

Background

Prognostic prediction for surgical treatment of gastric cancer remains valuable in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop survival models for postoperative gastric cancer patients.

Methods

Eleven thousand seventy-five patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included, and 122 patients from the Chinese database were used for external validation. The training cohort was created to create three separate models, including Cox regression, RSF, and DeepSurv, using data from the SEER database split into training and test cohorts with a 7:3 ratio. Test cohort was used to evaluate model performance using c-index, Brier scores, calibration, and the area under the curve (AUC). The new risk stratification based on the best model will be compared with the AJCC stage on the test and Chinese cohorts using decision curve analysis (DCA), the net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

It was discovered that the DeepSurv model predicted postoperative gastric cancer patients’ overall survival (OS) with a c-index of 0.787; the area under the curve reached 0.781, 0.798, 0.868 at 1-, 3- and 5- years, respectively; the Brier score was below 0.25 at different time points; showing an advantage over the Cox and RSF models. The results are also validated in the China cohort. The calibration plots demonstrated good agreement between the DeepSurv model’s forecast and actual results. The NRI values (test cohort: 0.399, 0.288, 0.267 for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS prediction; China cohort:0.399, 0.288 for 1- and 3-year OS prediction) and IDI (test cohort: 0.188, 0.169, 0.157 for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS prediction; China cohort: 0.189, 0.169 for 1- and 3-year OS prediction) indicated that the risk score stratification performed significantly better than the AJCC staging alone (P < 0.05). DCA showed that the risk score stratification was clinically useful and had better discriminative ability than the AJCC staging. Finally, an interactive native web-based prediction tool was constructed for the survival prediction of patients with postoperative gastric cancer.

Conclusion

In this study, a high-performance prediction model for the postoperative prognosis of gastric cancer was developed using DeepSurv, which offers essential benefits for risk stratification and prognosis prediction for each patient.
Case report of a ruptured right atrial aneurysm in a child and a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xin Hao , Li Qiao , Zhu Mei
Published: April 2024

Background

The right atrial aneurysm is a rare cardiac malformation of unknown origin. It is typically asymptomatic but can occasionally lead to life-threatening and serious complications.

Case description

We present a case of a right atrial aneurysm in an eight-year-old child who experienced complications including rupture of the atrial aneurysm, thrombosis, and recurrent large pericardial effusions over a one-month period. Following surgical treatment, the child had a favorable prognosis.

Conclusion

A congenital right atrial aneurysm may manifest as either a widespread enlargement of the right atrium or a localized, smaller sac-like protrusion. In the latter case, diagnosis can be challenging to confirm through transthoracic echocardiography alone, and may require a cardiac computed tomography angiography examination for a definitive diagnosis. For patients experiencing recurrent large volumes of bloody pericardial effusion within one month, and exhibiting no atrial enlargement but showing abnormalities of the atrial wall in echocardiography, it is important to be vigilant about the potential for atrial aneurysm rupture in the heart. Timely treatment is essential to prevent the progression of the condition, which could otherwise result in a poor prognosis.
Pre-treatment risk predictors of valproic acid-induced dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with epilepsy
Authors: Liang Tiantian , Lin Chenquan , Ning Hong , Qin Fuli , Zhang Bikui , Zhao Yichang , Cao Ting , Jiao Shimeng , Chen Hui , He Yifang , Cai Hualin
Published: April 2024

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) stands as one of the most frequently prescribed medications in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Despite its infrequent adverse effects within therapeutic range, prolonged VPA usage may result in metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. These metabolic dysregulations in childhood are notably linked to heightened cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Therefore, identification and effective management of dyslipidemia in children hold paramount significance.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we explored the potential associations between physiological factors, medication situation, biochemical parameters before the first dose of VPA (baseline) and VPA-induced dyslipidemia (VID) in pediatric patients. Binary logistic regression was utilized to construct a predictive model for blood lipid disorders, aiming to identify independent pre-treatment risk factors. Additionally, The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the model.

Results: Through binary logistic regression analysis, we identified for the first time that direct bilirubin (DBIL) (odds ratios (OR) = 0.511, p = 0.01), duration of medication (OR = 0.357, p = 0.009), serum albumin (ALB) (OR = 0.913, p = 0.043), BMI (OR = 1.140, p = 0.045), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR = 1.038, p = 0.026) at baseline were independent risk factors for VID in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Notably, the predictive ability of DBIL (AUC = 0.690, p < 0.0001) surpassed that of other individual factors. Furthermore, when combined into a predictive model, incorporating all five risk factors, the predictive capacity significantly increased (AUC = 0.777, p < 0.0001), enabling the forecast of 77.7% of dyslipidemia events.

Conclusion: DBIL emerges as the most potent predictor, and in conjunction with the other four factors, can effectively forecast VID in pediatric patients with epilepsy. This insight can guide the formulation of individualized strategies for the clinical administration of VPA in children.
Targeting bone homeostasis regulation: potential of traditional Chinese medicine flavonoids in the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Du Jiazhe , Wang Yincang , Wu Chengliang , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Xu Xilin
Published: April 2024

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by disrupted bone formation/resorption and homeostasis. Flavonoids extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal plants regulate bone homeostasis by intervening in differentiating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, balancing the bone immune system, inhibiting oxidative stress response, and reversing iron overload. The target molecules and signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin and OPG/RANKL/RANK, directly affect osteoblast/osteoclast activity, exhibiting significant potential in the treatment of OP. Therefore, this study presents a systematic review of the recent literature to provide comprehensive information on the traditional Chinese medicine flavonoids involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Also, the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological uses of these metabolites are summarized, and their clinical translation and development potential are discussed.
Relationships between trace elements and cognitive and depressive behaviors in sprague dawley and wistar albino rats
Authors: Yavuz Melis , Dayanc Ekin Dongel , Merve Antmen Fatma , Keskinöz Elif , Altuntaş Esra , Dolu Gökçen , Koç Berkcan , Tunçcan Emre , Şakar Damla , Canözer Ufuk , Büyüker Ceyda , Polat Ece , Erkaya Metincan , Azevedo Rui , Öz Arslan Devrim , Almeida Agostinho , Süyen Güldal
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This study investigates the effects of social isolation on mental health and cognitive functions in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar Albino (WIS) rat strains, prompted by the heightened awareness of such impacts amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the impact of social isolation on memory, learning, and behavioral changes in middle-aged SD and WIS rat strains and to investigate cortical trace element levels, seeking potential correlations between these levels and the observed behavioral responses to social isolation.

Methods: Four groups of 14-month-old male rats were established: control and isolated SDs and WIS rats (CONT-SD, ISO-SD, CONT-WIS, ISO-WIS). Morris Water Maze and Porsolt Forced Swimming tests were conducted for behavioral assessment. Following behavioral tests, rats were sacrificed under general anesthesia, and cortices were isolated for analysis of macro and trace element levels (ICP/MS).

Results: In behavioral tests, CONT-SD rats exhibited superior performance in the Morris Water Maze test compared to CONT-WIS rats, but displayed increased depressive behaviors following social isolation, as evident in the Porsolt Forced Swimming test (p < 0.05). ISO-SD rats showed elevated levels of Co and Cu, along with reduced levels of Cs and As, compared to ISO-WIS rats. Moreover, isolation resulted in decreased Cu and Mo levels but increased Rb levels in WIS rats. Comparison of trace element levels in naïve groups from different strains revealed lower Zn levels in the WIS group compared to SD rats.

Discussion: The findings suggest that the SD strain learns faster, but is more susceptible to depression after isolation compared to the WIS strain. Increased Co and Cu levels in ISO-SD align with previous findings, indicating potential trace element involvement in stress responses. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for preventive treatment strategies or therapeutic targets against the consequences of stressors, contributing to research and measures promoting a balanced diet to mitigate neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with social isolation in the future.
A comprehensive review of the recent advances on predicting drug-target affinity based on deep learning
Authors: Zeng Xin , Li Shu-Juan , Lv Shuang-Qing , Wen Meng-Liang , Li Yi
Published: April 2024

Accurate calculation of drug-target affinity (DTA) is crucial for various applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including drug screening, design, and repurposing. However, traditional machine learning methods for calculating DTA often lack accuracy, posing a significant challenge in accurately predicting DTA. Fortunately, deep learning has emerged as a promising approach in computational biology, leading to the development of various deep learning-based methods for DTA prediction. To support researchers in developing novel and highly precision methods, we have provided a comprehensive review of recent advances in predicting DTA using deep learning. We firstly conducted a statistical analysis of commonly used public datasets, providing essential information and introducing the used fields of these datasets. We further explored the common representations of sequences and structures of drugs and targets. These analyses served as the foundation for constructing DTA prediction methods based on deep learning. Next, we focused on explaining how deep learning models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformer, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), were effectively employed in specific DTA prediction methods. We highlighted the unique advantages and applications of these models in the context of DTA prediction. Finally, we conducted a performance analysis of multiple state-of-the-art methods for predicting DTA based on deep learning. The comprehensive review aimed to help researchers understand the shortcomings and advantages of existing methods, and further develop high-precision DTA prediction tool to promote the development of drug discovery.
Game-based learning in early childhood education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Manar S.
Published: April 2024

Game-based learning has gained popularity in recent years as a tool for enhancing learning outcomes in children. This approach uses games to teach various subjects and skills, promoting engagement, motivation, and fun. In early childhood education, game-based learning has the potential to promote cognitive, social, and emotional development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the existing literature on the effectiveness of game-based learning in early childhood education This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the effectiveness of game-based learning in early childhood education. The results show that game-based learning has a moderate to large effect on cognitive, social, emotional, motivation, and engagement outcomes. The findings suggest that game-based learning can be a promising tool for early childhood educators to promote children’s learning and development. However, further research is needed to address the remaining gaps in the literature. The study’s findings have implications for educators, policymakers, and game developers who aim to promote positive child development and enhance learning outcomes in early childhood education.
The influence of grit on life satisfaction of Brazilian undergraduate students: academic adaptation as a mediator
Authors: Noronha Ana Paula Porto , Dias-Viana João Lucas , Cavallaro Ana Paula Ozório
Published: April 2024

Introduction

In recent years, research in educational contexts has pointed to the role of grit as a variable related to various positive outcomes, including life satisfaction. Academic adaptation seems vital for the success of academic life in college students. Considering university as an important life context for people pursuing higher education, what is the mediating effect of academic adaptation? This study proposed a mediation model to examine the mediating effect of academic adaptation in the relationship grit and life satisfaction.

Methods

A sample of 413 undergraduate Brazilian students, age ranging from 18 to 71 years (M = 27.30; SD = 10.20). A correlation analysis was performed between the variables and the following mediation model was tested: Grit (independent variable), academic adaptation (mediating variables) and life satisfaction (dependent variables).

Results

Mediation analysis indicated that academic adaptation mediated around 46.80% for the factor of consistency of interests and 40.90% of the relationship with perseverance of effort. Thus, the greater the grit of the university student, the greater the grit, which leads to better satisfaction with life.

Discussion

In recent years, research in educational contexts has pointed to the role of grit as a variable related to various positive outcomes. The findings elucidated that grit in academic context could benefit students’ adaptation process, and the university’s responsibility to improve its students’ softskills, not only for the future stage after university, but also during the student’s schooling.
Sensory phenomena in children with Tourette syndrome or autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Prato Adriana , Saia Federica , Ferrigno Marianna , Finocchiaro Valentina , Barone Rita , Rizzo Renata
Published: April 2024

Background

Tourette syndrome (TS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders with an onset before the age of 18 years. TS patients frequently reported atypical sensory phenomena (SP). Sensory processing abnormalities are also particularly frequent in ASD individuals.

Objectives

Considering the higher rate of atypical sensory behaviours in both neurodevelopmental disorders, in the present study we analysed sensory experiences in patients with ASD and in patients with TS.

Methods

We enrolled patients with a primary diagnosis of TS or ASD. All participants were assessed for primary diagnosis and associated comorbidities. The presence of sensory behaviours was investigated using the University of Sao Paulo’s Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS).

Results

SP were significantly more represented in the ASD-group versus TS-group, except for sound just-right perceptions and energy to released. ASD participants presented higher mean scores in all fields of USP-SPS severity scale respect on TS patients and healthy controls. The USP-SPS total score had significant positive correlations with the CYBOCS and MASC total scores in the TS cohort. In the ASD group, the USP-SPS total score was significantly negative correlated with the total IQ and marginally positive correlated with ADOS total score.

Conclusion

SP are a frequently reported characteristic both of ASD and TS. Future studies are needed to better evaluate the differences on their phenomenology in patients with TS and ASD.
Staff supported community outings among forensic mental health patients: patient characteristics, rehabilitative goals, and (the absence of) adverse outcomes
Authors: Farrell Christian , Petersen Karen L. , Hanzouli Peri , Nicholls Tonia L.
Published: April 2024

Mental health professionals are tasked with making difficult clinical decisions in treatment settings. In the forensic system, decision making regarding staff supervised community outings (SSCOs) provides a significant challenge due to the need to balance patient liberties, mental health recovery, and public safety. This study explored the characteristics and rehabilitative nature of SSCOs, characteristics of patients attending SSCOs, and any adverse events that occurred during the outings. Employing a cross-sectional design, 110 patients who participated in SSCOs over a one-year period from a Canadian Forensic Psychiatric Hospital were included. Clinical records were reviewed to capture patient and SSCO variables. Descriptive analyses were used to calculate participant, risk, SSCO, and adverse event characteristics. Qualitative analysis was used to explore the purpose of SSCOs and rehabilitative progress that occurred during the outings. Patients attending SSCOs were comprised of long-stay patients with over half having committed a violent index offence. Almost 75% of patients had a moderate/high risk for violence and 50% of the patients had a moderate/high risk of absconding. During the study period, 463 SSCOs were completed. Most outings focused on developing skills for daily living and staff comments suggested many patients developed skills in these areas. Despite considerable risk profiles and public concern regarding forensic patients having community access, there was a single occurrence of unauthorized leave and no instances of violence or substance use. This research can disrupt stigma, demonstrating that SSCOs support a specific rehabilitative intent, promote community reintegration, and maintain public safety.