bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A solar filament disconnected by magnetic reconnection
Authors: Xue Zhike , Yan Xiaoli , Yang Liheng , Wang Jincheng , Li Qiaoling , Zhao Li
Published: December 2019

Aims. We aim to study a high-resolution observation of an asymmetric inflow magnetic reconnection between a filament and its surrounding magnetic loops in active region NOAA 12436 on 2015 October 23.

Methods. We analyzed the multiband observations of the magnetic reconnection obtained by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) and the Solar Dynamic Observatory. We calculated the NVST Hα Dopplergrams to determine the Doppler properties of the magnetic reconnection region and the rotation of a jet.

Results. The filament firstly becomes active and then approaches its southwestern surrounding magnetic loops (L1) with a velocity of 9.0 km s−1. During this period, the threads of the filament become loose in the reconnection region and then reconnect with L1 in turn. L1 is pressed backward by the filament with a velocity of 5.5 km s−1, and then the magnetic reconnection occurs between them. A set of newly formed loops are separated from the reconnection site with a mean velocity of 127.3 km s−1. In the middle stage, some threads of the filament return back first with a velocity of 20.1 km s−1, and others return with a velocity of 4.1 km s−1 after about 07:46 UT. Then, L1 also begins to return with a velocity of 3.5 km s−1 at about 07:47 UT. At the same time, magnetic reconnection continues to occur between them until 07:51 UT. During the reconnection, a linear typical current sheet forms with a length of 5.5 Mm and a width of 1.0 Mm, and a lot of hot plasma blobs are observed propagating from the typical current sheet. During the reconnection, the plasma in the reconnection region and the typical current sheet always shows redshifted feature. Furthermore, the material and twist of the filament are injected into the newly longer-formed magnetic loops by the magnetic reconnection, which leads to the formation of a jet, and its rotation.

Conclusions. The observational evidence for the asymmetric inflow magnetic reconnection is investigated. We conclude that the magnetic reconnection does occur in this event and results in the disconnection of the filament. The looseness of the filament may be due to the pressure imbalance between the inside and outside of the filament. The redshifted feature in the reconnection site can be explained by the expansion of the right flank of the filament to the lower atmosphere because of the complex magnetic configuration in this active region.
Phosphogypsum recycling into inorganic dyes
Authors: Shabelskaya Nina , Medvedev Roman , Gaidukova Yuliya , Astachova Marina
Published: December 2019

Currently, chemical wastes recycling into valuable secondary products poses a pressing challenge. During phosphoric acid production from apatite raw materials, large-tonnage phosphogypsum wastes are formed, resulting in ecosystem dysfunction. Besides, such wastes occupy significant production areas. Calcium sulfate is the main component of phosphogypsum. The paper addresses the possibility of phosphogypsum reduction to calcium sulfide, which has the capacity for luminescence under UV-light. Charcoal, sucrose, and citric acid were used as reducing agents. The obtained inorganic luminescent dyes were examined using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It was found that, in the presence of charcoal, the process is accompanied by an uneven distribution of calcium sulfide over the volume of the system and, as a consequence, an uneven glow of the sample. The use of citric acid and sucrose as reducing agents results in the synthesis of samples with a uniform glow. The efficiency of the calcium sulfate conversion to calcium sulfide is 51–58%. A mechanism of calcium sulfate reduction is proposed. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of a technology for the recycling of large-tonnage phosphoric acid production wastes into cheap and much-needed inorganic luminescent dyes.
Obtaining a composite material based on cobalt (II) ferrite for purification of aqueous solutions
Authors: Shabelskaya Nina , Egorova Marina , Chernysheva Galina , Semchenko Vladimir
Published: December 2019

In modern society, the detrimental effect of industrial production on the environment is intensifying. Contaminated wastewaters of industrial enterprises deteriorate the environmental situation and violate the ecosystem stability. One of efficient methods of dealing with harmful impurities in wastewater is to remove them using adsorption active materials. Oxide systems of ferrites of transition elements are one example of materials with multifunctional properties. The possibility of synthesizing nanoscale cobalt (II) ferrite and a composite material based on it with the CoFe2O4/C composition was studied. The obtained materials were studied using X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy (SEM), and the BET method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. It was established that cobalt (II) ferrite has a developed surface (the surface area measured by the BET method is 16 m2/g, the average crystallite size obtained by the Debye-Scherrer method is 4.0 nm). The mechanism of CoFe2O4 structure formation is considered. The composite material CoFe2O4/C is characterized by a high surface area (222 m2/g, average crystallite size of 1.1 nm) and exhibits increased adsorption ability with respect to copper (II) cations from aqueous solutions. The obtained results are of interest as materials for purification of aqueous solutions.
Improving the acoustic efficiency of laminated dissipative noise silencers for boiler gas-air paths
Authors: Zhuravlev Evgeniy , Chugunkov Dmitry , Seyfelmlyukova Galina
Published: December 2019

The operation of thermal power facilities is associated with the negative impact on the environment and humans of such factors as air, water, soil pollution, electromagnetic radiation, and noise. This article is devoted to improving the noise reduction efficiency of gas and air paths of boilers of thermal power plants. In world practice, to reduce noise in gas-air ducts, dissipative noise silencers are used. The authors propose a new design of sound attenuation elements for dissipative plate-type silencers. The article defines the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of noise silencers with new sound attenuation elements. We compare the characteristics of silencers made of new silencing elements and the characteristics of silencers consisting of plates of common design with flat surfaces of the side walls, and demonstrate an increase in acoustic efficiency and a decrease in pressure loss when using the proposed new silencing elements in noise silencers. Recommendations on the use of dissipative plate-type silencers with developed sound attenuation elements for gas-air paths of boilers are given.
Metallographic studies results of 20kH13 steel samples with textured relief, modified surface and protective coating
Authors: Mednikov Alexey , Tkhabisimov Aleksandr , Dasaev Marat , Burmistrov Andrey , Zilova Olga
Published: December 2019

One of the possible ways to improve passive methods of the steam turbine blade material protection from water droplet erosion is to create “smart”-surface that combines the properties and characteristics that could not be implemented simultaneously when using one or another proven method of protection. To solve the problem of developing such surface, this article presents the metallographic researches results of the blade steel 20kH13 samples with various already used and promising passive methods of protection, consisting in the use of ion-plasma and polyurethane coatings, surface modification by means of diffusion saturation with nitrogen ions, creation of the structured surface relief by laser ablation. The results of the carried out researches have allowed to reveal both morphology of a possible “smart”-surface, and influence on a microstructure and characteristics of a near-surface layer of samples after treatments considered.
Nuclear desalination in Iran, current status and perspectives
Authors: Ghazaie Seyed Hadi , Sadeghi Khashayar , Sokolova Ekaterina , Fedorovich Evgeniy , Shirani Amirsaeed
Published: December 2019

Nuclear power can be categorized as a clean energy source for producing electricity and supplying the required energy to a desalination plant, promising less atmospheric emission in comparison to fossil fuels. Considering the fact that fresh water-related issues are acute in many countries of the world, the utilization of desalination technologies seems to be the key solution to these problems. Desalination processes are known to be “energy-intensive”, emphasizing the potential advantages of its integration to a nuclear power plant in mediumto large-scale seawater desalination projects. The demand for electricity and fresh water in Iran compels the country to search for a feasible option. We suggest nuclear desalination as a suitable alternative, in which the recovered heat can be used in thermal desalination systems. In this article, the status of currently operating desalination plants and future developments are described. Several possible schemes for coupling nuclear power plant and fossil fuel-based plants with desalination technologies are suggested and some thermo-economic analysis (based on the specific characteristics of the country) are presented. Results of calculations reveal some advantages of nuclear desalination complex and its competitiveness with other options. It should be noted that the research has been conducted by cooperation of two SPbPU PhD students with Iranian citizenship.
Applying heat pumps to utilize municipal solid waste at St. Petersburg TPP
Authors: Treshcheva Milana , Treshchev Dmitriy , Pozdeeva Daria
Published: December 2019

In this article, we address an urgent problem of solid waste management. We consider the possibility of applying gasification technology for municipal solid waste disposal at existing TPPs in St. Petersburg in order to produce thermal and electric energy. St. Petersburg Northern TPP-21, facing the problem of undercooling of the circulating water in the cooling towers, is proposed as a possible placement site. Using this water as a source of low-grade heat of a heat pump installation is considered as the possible solution to the problem. The study was carried out by calculating the thermal circuits in the Boiler Designer program, and calculating the heat pump in the Cool Pack program. The efficiency of the installation is achieved by increasing the supply of thermal energy and increasing the environmental friendliness of the installation by reducing thermal pollution. We have also calculated the limits of cost-effective heat pump application.
Mathematical Modeling of Arc Faults in Networks with Low Single Phase-to-Ground Fault Currents
Authors: Brilinskii Andrei , Evdokunin Georgiy , Petrova Anna , Ryndina Irina
Published: December 2019

The article comprises the results of the research defining open-flame arcs self-quenching conditions in the event of a single phase-to-ground fault in overhead medium-voltage distribution networks according to existing theories of arc extinguishing. The calculations included metallic and arc faults modeling in a network with low phase-to-ground fault current. The arc gap simulation based on the mathematical channel model of a cylindrically symmetrical upright arc stabilized by rising convective gas flow was carried out in ATPDraw software program. The single phase-to-ground arc fault calculations results indicated an increase in high-frequency currents’ attenuation rate during transient processes as well as a reduce reduction in the electric arc lifetime from 8 ms to 2 ms in case of the breakdown voltage decrease from the peak value to zero. Notably, in case of low single phase-to-ground fault current the arc extinguishing took place at the first high-frequency current zero. For the cases of nonzero breakdown voltages, the electric arc extinguishing was detected at the fundamental frequency current component zero-crossing instant. The maximum overvoltage ratio of K = 2.8 was obtained as athe result of the single phase-to-ground fault at the peak phase voltage.
Features of Russian regulatory framework governing cathodic protection of heating networks against external corrosion in the ground
Authors: Kalyutik Aleksandr , Kiselev Vladimir , Ruzich Evgenij , Kibarin Andrey
Published: December 2019

A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign documents governing the design of cathodic protection systems has been carried out. The main parameters for evaluating the effectiveness were selected: “protective current density”, “protective current value” and “indicators characterizing the degree of protection against corrosion in the presence of cathodic protection”. As a result, the need for improving the domestic system for designing cathodic protection installations was established. First of all, attention should be paid to the decrease in protective current, protective current density and criteria for determining the need for cathodic protection.
Monitoring leakage currents of suspension insulators of high voltage overhead power lines
Authors: Breido Iosif , Kaverin Vladimir , Abisheva Dinara , Kolychev Aleksandr
Published: December 2019

The relevance of studying partial discharge currents (PDC) arising on the surface of suspension insulators of high-voltage overhead power lines (HVPL) is substantiated. Increasing PDC leads to increasing active energy losses and unauthorized shutdowns of high-voltage power lines due to the electric arc overlap of the suspension insulator. A laboratory bench for PDC experimental studying has been developed and manufactured. As a result of experimental studies we have determined static and dynamic characteristics of partial discharge currents; we have developed the algorithm for processing experimentally obtained results using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor. Recommendations have been developed for developing the hardware of the PDC sensor that allows increasing sensitivity, expanding the range of the controlled parameter and improving its dynamic characteristics in order to increase the accuracy and to expand the range of operation of the PDC sensor and to reduce the time it takes to establish its output signal. Equipping 220-500 kV power lines with PDC sensors of suspension insulators with telemetry will allow reducing the number of unauthorized emergency shutdowns of high-voltage power lines; realizing continuous current monitoring of the state of suspension insulators and receiving in real time the information of the integral value of PDC
Heat transfer and air flow near a pair of circular cylinders
Authors: Mityakov Vladimir , Seroshtanov Vladimir , Vlasov Alexey , Suchok Vasily , Bobylev Pavel , Zhidkov Nikita
Published: December 2019

Convective heat transfer is associated with the nature of the flow near the streamlined solid. Since flow properties vary quickly, it is important to fix their momentary values. We propose a technique for studying heat transfer and air flow based on combined use of gradient heat flux measurement and PIV. The paper presents velocity fields near a pair of circular cylinders and distribution of heat flux per unit area on the surface of the second cylinder. Both cylinders were heated with saturated water steam at atmospheric pressure, thereby keeping temperature of the cylinders constant. The experiments were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers from 480 to 29800. Differences in vortex structure, dead-air region’s length etc., and heat transfer are revealed depending on the velocity of free stream and the distance between the cylinders. Use of gradient heat flux sensors allows us to estimate pulsations of heat flux at various points of the second cylinder and compare them with the pictures of instantaneous velocity fields. The results are consistent with data from other authors and show the prospects of the proposed methodology.
Improving the presentation of safety briefings using the graphical method on the example of fire safety
Authors: Ryzhikova Mariya , Fedotova Evgeniya , Gomazov Fedor
Published: December 2019

Ensuring fire safety is an important function of the state, which includes a set of measures to ensure the prevention of fires, their direct suppression and the conduct of rescue operations at the site.This article deals with the problems of providing instructions on fire safety. Based on the synthesis of the functions of the fire safety system, the tasks of the fire department and the statistical data of appeals to the fire service, as well as the provisions of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation, an idea was put forward to solve these problems. On the basis of the organization and implementation of fire prevention, which included conducting briefings and special classes with workers and employees of the fire safety facility, as well as other persons potentially associated with the occurrence of a fire, an operation was conducted to simulate a graphical presentation of fire safety briefings. Using the methodology of V.G. Burlov, the effectiveness of the use of improved fire safety instruction was proved.
System integration of human life safety management considering the influence of information processes of society
Authors: Shershneva Anna , Andreev Andrey , Dmitriev Alexander
Published: December 2019

In the modern world, the information environment has a significant impact on a person. An uncritical attitude to information coming from various sources gives a chance to public opinion manipulation. Considering this, it is necessary to ensure the information security of the society. The authors of this article have developed a model of the criterion of taking into account the effect of information processes on the safety of human activity. As a further perspective of research, it is proposed to form a criterion (rule) according to which a decision will be made on the degree of supplying a person with information required to make adequate decisions in the process of life activity.
Consequence assessment of explosions for fuel-air mixtures at hazardous production facilities
Authors: Byzov Anton , Telegina Anastasiya , Korotkiy Ivan , Veber Jaromír
Published: December 2019

The article reviewed one of the known accidents with explosions of fuel assemblies both in domestic and foreign enterprises, and analyzed the causes of its occurrence. With the help of several computational methods, the sizes of the zones of air-shock wave (ASW) were determined and compared with the “real” data, and situational plans with zones of destruction were constructed.
Étude physiopathologique de la myopathie de Bethlem à l’aide d’un modèle de poisson zèbre
Authors: Idoux Romane , Bretaud Sandrine , Berthier Christine , Jacquemond Vincent , Ruggiero Florence , Allard Bruno
Published: December 2019

La myopathie de Bethlem (BM) est une maladie caractérisée par des rétractions et une faiblesse musculaires. Cette pathologie résulte de mutations dans un des gènes codant l’une des trois chaînes α du collagène VI (COLVI), un composant de la matrice extracellulaire musculaire squelettique. Aujourd’hui, une question non résolue est de comprendre comment l’altération de COLVI présent à l’extérieur des cellules musculaires conduit à des modifications fonctionnelles dans les fibres musculaires. Le modèle poisson zèbre col6a1Δex14 est actuellement un modèle animal unique de la BM puisqu’il est le seul à reproduire spécifiquement l’une des mutations la plus fréquemment retrouvée chez les patients. Chez les patients et le poisson col6a1Δex14, la structure du réticulum sarcoplasmique est altérée, suggérant une perturbation de l’homéostasie calcique musculaire et/ou des canaux ioniques qui, en contrôlant cette homéostasie, jouent un rôle crucial dans la fonction et la pathogenèse musculaire. Notre projet vise ainsi à étudier à l’aide de techniques électrophysiologiques et de mesure de Ca2+ les propriétés des canaux ioniques et la régulation du Ca2+ intracellulaire au repos et en activité dans la fibre musculaire du poisson col6a1Δex14. Nos recherches devraient contribuer à mieux comprendre comment la perturbation de la matrice influe sur la fonction musculaire et conduire à terme à identifier des cibles thérapeutiques pour traiter cette maladie actuellement incurable. Enfin, du fait de la rareté des études fonctionnelles sur la cellule musculaire de poisson zèbre, ce projet permettra de constituer une base de données de référence sur les propriétés électrophysiologiques de ce modèle.
Le colloque annuel de la FSHD Society s’invite à Marseille
Authors: Magdinier Frédérique , Nguyen Karine , Attarian Shahram
Published: December 2019

Les 19 et 20 juin 2019, la conférence internationale sur la recherche dans la dystrophie facio-scapulo-humérale (FSHD) a eu lieu à Marseille. La rencontre rassemblant 180 participants, médecins, scientifiques et patients était organisée au Palais du Pharo à Marseille. Ce site historique emblématique surplombant le Vieux Port et faisant face à Notre Dame de la Garde a été construit dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle par Napoléon III pour son épouse, l’impératrice Eugénie.
Thérapie cellulaire des maladies musculaires
Authors: Vilquin Jean-Thomas , Braun Serge
Published: December 2019

Les approches de thérapie cellulaire des dystrophinopathies basées sur l’utilisation de myoblastes ou de mésoangioblastes se sont traduites par des résultats cliniques mitigés. De nombreux candidats cellulaires alternatifs ont été décrits, mais aucune comparaison standardisée n’a pu encore établir leurs efficacités, ne serait-ce qu’en vue d’une régénération musculaire localisée. Une étude comparative a donc été décidée récemment et pourrait permettre de donner un nouvel élan à cette approche.
SMA: Des échelles d’évaluation motrice pour le public francophone
Authors: Pons Christelle , Barrière Aurélie , Bertrand Guillaume , Morard Marie-Doriane , Lilien Charlotte , Vuillerot Carole
Published: December 2019

À l’heure des nouvelles thérapeutiques chez les personnes présentant une amyotrophie spinale antérieure ou spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), la mesure régulière, précise et fiable des capacités motrices est devenue indispensable. Différents outils ont été développés dans la littérature et peuvent être utilisés pour cela. Le choix d’une échelle/ d’un outil se fait en fonction du type de SMA, de l’âge de la personne et des éléments spécifiques de la motricité que l’on souhaite évaluer. En France, l’échelle MFM est utilisée en pratique clinique dans de nombreux centres de référence de Maladies Neuromusculaires (MNM). Les autres échelles fréquemment utilisées au niveau international ne sont cependant pas disponibles en français rendant leur utilisation plus difficile en pratique clinique courante.

Cet article présente le processus de traduction en français des échelles les plus fréquemment utilisées chez la personne avec SMA (CHOP INTEND, HFMSE, RULM, 6-minute walk test et HINE-2). Différentes étapes ont été respectées, notamment les étapes de traduction en français, traduction inversée en anglais, comparaison des versions anglaises, harmonisation et obtention de la version finale en français.

Un programme de formation et sensibilisation des différents professionnels des consultations MNM des centres de référence français avec proposition d’ateliers en présence des membres du comité scientifique suivra l’étape de traduction afin de les faire connaître, expliciter leur utilisation et participer à la diffusion de ce travail.
La conquête du désir : pas sans le deuil
Authors: Brient Pierrick
Published: December 2019

Cet article pose la question de la place du désir dans les approches centrées sur les troubles de l’humeur. Reprenant la problématique désirante, nous essayons de montrer ce qui spécifie le désir du névrosé et comment le parcours analytique va permettre au sujet de trouver les voies de l’objet véritable qui fonde son être. Pour approfondir cette question, nous revenons à la tragédie d’Hamlet avec le commentaire que Lacan en a proposé dans son séminaire Le désir et son interprétation. Hamlet se présente comme un miroir qui exemplifie la tragédie du désir. L’obstacle œdipien, l’interdit du père, la voracité maternelle, vectorisent une position subjective aliénée qui ne pourra trouver sa solution que dans un passage à l’acte dans le même temps auto et hétéro-agressif. La façon dont le désir sera rectifié, passant par la reconnaissance du manque au champ de l’Autre, met l’accent sur la nécessité d’un deuil comme renoncement à la jouissance, ouvrant à une éthique du désir. Celle-ci identifie l’angoisse comme seul affect qui ne trompe pas, a contrario de la lâcheté morale qu’implique la dépression et situant du même coup la « bipolarité » comme refus de savoir. Ce qui est à savoir concerne le deuil du phallus d’où le sujet s’est fait être dans le désir de la mère, deuil du phallus qui permet l’assomption de son être-pour-la-mort là où dominait la lâcheté morale.
Sur Greta Thunberg et l’autisme
Authors: Wacjman Claude
Published: December 2019

Ce travail montre comment les représentations sociales à propos de l’autisme se répandent et gagnent peu à peu de nombreuses strates dans la société. Il s’agit ici de considérer l’influence de l’écologie sur des aspects de la politique internationale portée par la voix d’une lycéenne suédoise auto-proclamée autiste, suivant des mécanismes complexes intra ou extra familiaux faisant penser à des phénomènes d’écriture automatique, tels que nous les avons connus par le passé. Opposée à toute manœuvre favorisant le réchauffement climatique, elle intervient dans différentes instances politiques. C’est un super pouvoir dû à son autisme qui la motive.
Mauvaises humeurs (de la décharge des émotions aux humeurs blanches)
Authors: Duparc François
Published: December 2019

La théorie des humeurs renvoie l’analyste à une histoire de l’affect avant la lettre, plongeant dans les émotions primaires mal symbolisées, comme celles des sujets peu névrosés, en deçà de l’affect relié au langage. Si on ne veut pas céder à la facilité du fourre-tout des états-limites et des classifications simplistes du DSM, les névroses actuelles de Freud sont un des moyens de différencier les pathologies entre névrose et psychose, et certains troubles psychosomatiques. Leur noyau est constitué d’émotions qui ne sont pas liées à des fantasmes (sauf des protofantasmes originaires), mais déchargées dans des agirs, des somatisations ou des hallucinations. L’angoisse, la tristesse, la colère, la joie ou l’admiration, peuvent exister hors langage, comme des humeurs blanches, reliées à des traces perceptivomotrices très primitives. Elles forment le noyau traumatique des névroses actuelles, qui comprennent la neurasthénie, la névrose d’angoisse, l’hypocondrie, l’addiction et la psychose blanche. Pour l’illusrer, un exemple clinique de névrose d’angoisse sera donné, qui permettra de développer la stratégie du psychanalyste, lorsqu’il ne peut utiliser d’emblée un cadre analytique classique.
Optimal decisions on fencing, pricing, and selection of process mean in imperfectly segmented markets
Authors: Raza Syed Asif
Published: December 2019

This paper integrates the selection of a process mean, production and marketing decisions at a firm’s level. We discussed a manufacturing firm’s problem that integrates its manufacturing decisions on production quantities and selection of a process mean with marketing decisions. The marketing decisions include setting prices, and the fencing investment to mitigate the effect of demand leakages between market segments. The manufacturing firm yields products of varied quality based on a single quality characteristic (e.g., amount of fill). The firm operates in a monopoly, and manufacturing process is assumed to follow a normal distribution, and therefore, it produces multi-grade (class) products distinct in their single quality characteristic. Depending upon the quality characteristic, a product with quality characteristic equal to greater than the upper specification limit is classified as grade 1 product, and sold in primary market at a full price. When the quality characteristic falls between the lower and the upper specification limits, it is referred to as a grade 2 product, and sold in a secondary market at a discounted price. Any product with a quality characteristic lower than the lower specification limit is reworked at an additional cost. A 100% error-free inspection is conducted to segregate the products at a negligible cost. Unlike many related studies in literature, this research proposes a novel integration of the pricing and production quantity decisions along with the process targeting in the two markets with pricing decision in the presence of demand leakages due to cross-elasticity. Furthermore, it is assumed that the firm can mitigate the demand leakage at an additional investment on improving fencing. Thus, the firm’s optimal decision would also include the pricing in each market segment, and fencing investment along with its decision on the production quantity for each product class. Mathematical models are developed to address this problem assuming the price-dependent stochastic demand. Structural properties of these models are explored and efficient heuristic solution methodologies are developed. Later, we also developed models when the stochastic demand information is only partially known, and proposed Harmony Search algorithm on the problem. Numerical experimentation is reported to highlight the importance of the proposed integrated framework and the impact of the problem related parameters on a firm’s profitability and its integrated optimal control decisions on selection of a process mean, pricing, production quantity, and fencing investment.
Spurensuche – Risikoscreening im Sport
Authors: Kadlec Daniel , Gröger David
Published: December 2019

Sportverletzungen bremsen, sie ärgern und sind oft kompliziert. Ausschalten lässt sich das Risiko nicht, reduzieren hingegen schon. Wie das gelingt? Mit einem Risikoscreening, das Schwachstellen aufdeckt und relevante Faktoren identifiziert. Was folgt, sind präventive Maßnahmen und individualisierte Trainingsprogramme – strukturiert, zielgerichtet, progressiv und kontinuierlich.
Biomechanische Forschung und ihre Bedeutung für die physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation
Authors: Bockstahler Barbara
Published: December 2019

Kenntnisse über die Belastung der Gliedmaßen im Stand und in der Bewegung gesunder Hunde sind wichtig, um die Belastung erkrankter Gliedmaßen besser zu verstehen. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über biomechanische Forschungsergebnisse und verdeutlicht, inwiefern das biomechanische Verständnis eine gezielte Erstellung therapeutischer Übungen für den individuellen Patienten ermöglicht.
Canine Neurodynamik – Basics
Authors: Hárrer Sabine
Published: December 2019

Damit sich ein Hund ohne Einschränkung bewegen kann, müssen verschiedene Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein. Ein Erfordernis ist unter anderem die uneingeschränkte Beweglichkeit des Nervensystems (Neurodynamik). Ist diese nicht gegeben, ist das Tier in seiner Bewegung limitiert. Können sich die Dura mater spinalis und der N. ischiadicus beispielsweise nicht genug entfalten, ist der Hund nicht in der Lage, sich hinter dem Ohr zu kratzen.
Therapie der idiopathischen Kopfschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Kiep Henriette , Bernhard Matthias K. , Merkenschlager Andreas
Published: December 2019

Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerzen sind die häufigsten idiopathischen Kopfschmerzsyndrome im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Prävalenz und dem oft hohen Leidensdruck bei den Betroffenen sind sie ein häufiger Grund für Vorstellungen im ambulanten oder stationären Setting. Dieser Artikel fasst die aktuelle Literatur und die Empfehlungen zur Akuttherapie und prophylaktischen Behandlung von Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerzen zusammen.
Mediendarstellungen der HIV-PrEP: Inhaltsanalytische Befunde zu Presse, Web und Sozialen Medien
Authors: Döring Nicola , Walter Roberto , Knutzen Kathrin
Published: December 2019

Einleitung Die orale HIV-Prä-Expositions-Prophylaxe (kurz HIV-PrEP, PrEP) ist eine relativ neue Methode der HIV-Prävention. Sie ist ein Medikament, mit dem sich HIV-negative Personen vor einer HIV-Infektion schützen können, etwa bei kondomlosem Sex mit einer HIV-positiven Person. Die Entwicklung und Einführung der PrEP wurde und wird von kontroversen fachlichen und medienöffentlichen Debatten begleitet. Bisherige Studien weisen auf ein überwiegend negatives Framing der PrEP in anglo-amerikanischen Medienbeiträgen hin.

Forschungsziele Vor dem Hintergrund der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Framing-Theorie war es Ziel der vorliegenden Studie herauszuarbeiten, wie die HIV-PrEP in deutschsprachigen Medienbeiträgen in Presse, Web und Sozialen Medien dargestellt wird. Dabei ging es um die Gesamtbewertung der PrEP (generisches PrEP-Framing), um Pro- und Contra-Argumente zur PrEP (themenspezifische PrEP-Sub-Frames) sowie um die angesprochenen PrEP-Zielgruppen.

Methoden Mittels manueller quantitativer Medieninhaltsanalyse wurden eine Stichprobe von N = 150 Presseartikeln und N = 150 Webseiten zur PrEP mit einem auf Reliabilität geprüften Codebuch untersucht. Zudem wurden PrEP-bezogene Beiträge auf YouTube, Facebook und Twitter qualitativ erkundet. Die Studie folgt dem Open-Science-Ansatz: Sie wurde präregistriert und alle Instrumente, Datensätze und statistischen Auswertungsskripts sind über den Server der Open Science Foundation verfügbar (https://osf.io/as6bx/).

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass die PrEP in deutschsprachigen Medien in einem positiveren Bedeutungsrahmen erscheint als in anglo-amerikanischen Medien. Im Vergleich zu den Presseartikeln wurde die PrEP auf den untersuchten Webseiten signifikant positiver dargestellt. Eine Stigmatisierung von PrEP-Nutzenden als verantwortungslos erfolgte in der Presse doppelt so oft wie im Web. Sowohl in der Presse als auch im Web wurden mehrheitlich Männer, die Sex mit Männern haben, als PrEP-Zielgruppe angesprochen. Deutschsprachige PrEP-Informationen sind in Sozialen Medien teilweise äußerst rar (z. B. auf YouTube).

Schlussfolgerung Um die PrEP-Aufklärung der Allgemeinbevölkerung voranzutreiben, ist eine intensivere und differenziertere Repräsentation der PrEP in alten wie neuen Medien wünschenswert.
Perspektive eines PrEP-Nutzers auf die PrEP
Authors: Schock Axel
Published: December 2019

Milan (Pseudonym) ist zum Zeitpunkt des Interviews im Herbst 2018 27 Jahre alt und lebt in Deutschland. Als er im Rahmen der klinischen Studie DISCOVER mit der Einnahme der HIV-Prä-Expositions-Prophylaxe (HIV-PrEP) begann, war er als Single in der Schwulen-Szene unterwegs. Inzwischen lebt er in einer festen Partnerschaft. Warum er trotzdem weiterhin die PrEP einnimmt und wie es ihm damit geht, erzählt er im Interview mit Axel Schock.
Einführung in den Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Hedwig
Published: December 2019

Der Ayurveda ist ein großes traditionelles Medizinsystem aus Indien. Heutzutage ist der Ayurvedahochaktuell, weil sich unter seiner Logik alle Erkrankungen einordnen und behandeln lassen
Die Hufelandgesellschaft: der Dachverband für eine Integrative Medizin
Authors: Heinze Sigrid
Published: December 2019

Die Hufelandgesellschaft ist der Dachverbandder Ärztegesellschaften aus dem Bereichder Naturheilverfahren, deranthroposophischenMedizin, der Homöopathie, derAyurveda-Medizin und weiteren komplementärenVerfahren und vertritt dieInteressenihrer Mitglieder gegenüber Politik undGesellschaft. Als ärztlicher Dachverbandsetzt sie sich dafür ein, dass dieKomplementärmedizinbesser erforscht werden kann,Teil jeder medizinischen Ausbildung wirdund für jeden Menschen verfügbar ist.
Protective Effects of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau) Juice in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet
Authors: De Leo Marinella , Piragine Eugenia , Pirone Andrea , Braca Alessandra , Pistelli Luisa , Calderone Vincenzo , Miragliotta Vincenzo , Testai Lara
Published: December 2019

The bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau), a small tree cultivated along the Ionian coast of the Calabria region in Southern Italy, is an ancient plant used for the production of essential oil from fruit peel, but recently evaluated also for the high content of phenolics in the fruit pulp. Indeed, the juice is rich in glycosylated flavone and flavanones, showing a wide range of pharmacological activities. Noteworthy preclinical and clinical studies reported that bergamot juice is effective in reducing plasma lipids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a C. bergamia juice using an experimental animal model of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in vivo. A significant reduction of both triglyceride levels and cardiovascular risk was observed in animals fed with a high-fat diet and bergamot juice. Daily oral treatment with bergamot juice significantly limits a high-fat-induced increase in body, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and heart weight. In addition, C. bergamia juice showed protective effects on hepatic steatosis, probably due to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chemical constituents of administered bergamot juice, investigated by means of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analyses were represented by a wide range of flavonoids, with neohesperidin, neoeriocitrin, and naringin being the most abundant flavonoids according to previous studies. Furthermore, a considerable amount of brutieridin, a flavanone O-glycoside having a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl residue, was observed.
Recent Advances in Chromium-Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Zeng Xiaoming
Published: December 2019

The use of simple and low-cost chromium chloride salts as catalysts or precatalysts for the development of cost-effective methods is of significant synthetic and mechanistic interest. Here, recent advances in chromium-catalyzed organic transformations are highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Arylmagnesiation of Alkynes

3 Catalytic Functionalization of C(aryl)–O Bonds

4 Catalytic Functionalization of C(aryl)–N Bonds

5 Catalytic Functionalization of C(aryl)–H Bonds

6 NHK-Type Reactions

7 Hydrogenation

8 Conclusions
Fatores de risco para osteólise do enxerto do coracoide após o procedimento de Latarjet aberto
Authors: Cohen Marcio , Zaluski Alexandre Dreifus , Siqueira Glaucio Sales de Lima , Amaral Marcus Vinicius Galvão , Monteiro Martim Teixeira , Filho Geraldo Rocha Motta
Published: December 2019

Objetivo Osteólise do processo coracoide é descrita como uma possível complicação da cirurgia de Latarjet. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a incidência e fatores de risco associados à osteólise do enxerto do coracoide e correlacioná-los com resultados clínicos.

Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva incluindo 38 casos submetidos ao procedimento de Latarjet. Em todos os casos, foi realizada uma tomografia computadorizada antes e pelo menos 1 ano após a cirurgia. A presença de osteólise do coracoide foi avaliada e correlacionada com os seguintes fatores de risco: idade, tabagismo, e perda óssea pré-operatória da glenóide. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: A (ausência ou menor reabsorção óssea) e B (maior reabsorção óssea ou total). A avaliação funcional foi determinada através do escore de Rowe.

Resultado Osteólise do processo coracoide ocorreu em 22 casos (57,8%). O defeito ósseo médio pré-operatório da glenóide foi de 22,8% no grupo A e de 13,4% no grupo B (p = 0.0075). A média de idade dos casos em ambos os grupos não apresentou diferença estatística. Tabagismo também não esteve relacionado com diferenças no resultado. Não houve correlação entre a presença de osteólise e o arco de movimento, dor ou ao escore de Rowe. Não houve casos de reluxação; entretanto, quatro pacientes apresentaram apreensão anterior no exame físico.

Conclusão A reabsorção do processo coracoide ocorreu em pelo menos 50% dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de Latarjet, e a ausência pré-operatória de perda óssea significativa da glenóide foi o único fator de risco associado a osteólise mais severa do enxerto, porém sem influência no resultado clínico.
Normal Hearing Function in Children Prenatally Exposed to Zika Virus
Authors: Barbosa Maria Helena Magalhães , Garcia Cristiane Fregonesi Dutra , Magalhães Barbosa Maria Clara de , Robaina Jaqueline Rodrigues , Prata-Barbosa Arnaldo , Lima Marco Antonio de Melo Tavares de , Cunha Antonio José Ledo Alves da
Published: December 2019

Introduction The association between prenatal Zika virus infection and hearing alterations in offspring has been the object of some studies, although few have assessed children without microcephaly. However, a current trend to include prenatal Zika virus exposure in the group of risk indicators for hearing loss is noted.

Objective To present a series of 27 children prenatally exposed to the Zika virus submitted to multiple hearing assessments over time.

Methods A cohort of children born to symptomatic mothers with laboratorial Zika virus infection confirmation during pregnancy was submitted to an otoacoustic emission test, auditory brainstem response test (automated, neurodiagnostic and frequency-specific), audiometry, and imitanciometry over a period of 36 months since birth. The hearing assessment was performed independently of the presence of microcephaly or other apparent signs of congenital Zika syndrome.

Results The hearing tests presented predominantly normal results. Some children had signs of middle ear pathology. The only microcephalic child had normal electrophysiological tests, as well as preserved audiometric thresholds, but presented altered motor responses to sound.

Conclusion Prenatal exposure to Zika virus does not always determine hearing impairment. This risk seems to be more associated to the severity of the central nervous system damage. Hearing screening and follow-ups of the affected children are important, as well as further research in this area.
The Outcome of Unilateral Cochlear Implantation in Adults: Speech Recognition, Health-Related Quality of Life and Level of Anxiety and Depression: a One- and Three-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bergman Pia , Lyxell Björn , Harder Henrik , Mäki-Torkko Elina
Published: December 2019

Introduction Hearing impairment is a common disease worldwide, with a comprehensive impact, and cochlear implantation (CI) is an intervention for profound hearing impairment.

Objective To study the outcome one and three years after unilateral CI on hearing, health-related quality of life and level of depression and anxiety, and the correlation between the outcomes. Second, to study whether age, gender, etiology, operated side, residual hearing or cognitive performance can predict the outcome.

Methods A prospective longitudinal study including adults with profound postlingual hearing impairment, with respect to hearing (speech recognition), health-related quality of life (Health Utilities Index 3) and level of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), pre-CI, and one and three years post-CI. The total sample was composed of 40 participants (40% of men), with a mean age of 71 years.

Results Speech recognition and the overall health-related quality of life improved one year post-CI (p = 0.000), without correlation (ρ= 0.27), and with no difference three years post-CI. The hearing attribute (in the health-related quality of life instrument) improved one and three years post-CI (p = 0.000). The level of anxiety did not change one and three years post-CI. The level of depression improved one year post-CI (p = 0.036), and deteriorated three years post-CI (p = 0.031). Age, etiology, operated side, residual hearing and cognitive performance did not predict the outcome, but the female gender did significantly improve speech recognition compared with men (p = 0.009).

Conclusion The CI significantly improved speech recognition, health-related quality of life and level of depression one year post-CI without mutual correlation, and women performed significantly better than men. There were no further improvements three years post-CI, apart from the hearing attribute.
Further Evolution of a New Nonbiological Transcatheter Valvular Prosthesis
Authors: Schröter Filip , Hartrumpf Martin , Kuehnel Ralf-Uwe , Ostovar Roya , Albes Johannes M.
Published: December 2019

Background Polymeric heart valves are constructed from flexible synthetic materials, therefore aiming to combine the advantageous hemodynamic of biological and the longevity of mechanical valve prostheses. One such valve prototype in development is the PIZZA valve constructed of flexible triangular silicone leaflets on a foldable metal base for perspective transcatheter implantation. Here we present further improvements in its performance through structural modifications.

Methods Structurally modified prototypes were constructed from silicone sheets and stainless-steel wires. Their performance was then tested in a hemodynamic testing device of the type HKP 2.0.

Results Shift from a planar to a cone shape as well as overlapping of the leaflets significantly improved the valves performance, reducing regurgitation as well as systolic pressure gradients.

Conclusions The results of the modified prototypes expressed superior performance and represented a step forward on the road to an easily producible, polymeric transcatheter valvular prosthesis.
Utilization of Erythropoietin within the United States Neonatal Intensive Care Units from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Ahmad Kaashif A. , Bennett Monica M. , Juul Sandra E. , Ohls Robin K. , Clark Reese H. , Tolia Veeral N.
Published: December 2019

Objective Little data are available regarding erythropoietin (Epo) utilization patterns within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We sought to describe the trends in Epo utilization across a large cohort of U.S. NICUs.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of infants discharged from 2008 to 2017 using the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse.

Results We identified 704,159 eligible infants from 358 sites, of whom 9,749 (1.4%) had Epo exposure. For extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs), Epo exposure ranged from 7.6 to 13.5%. We found significant site variability in Epo utilization in ELGANs. Among the 299 NICUs caring for ELGANs during the study period, 184 (61.5%) never used Epo for this population, whereas 21 (7%) utilized Epo in 50% or more of eligible infants. Epo was initiated at a median of 25 days in ELGANs. For infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), Epo exposure remained ≤1% through 2014 then increased fourfold to 3.4% by 2017. The median day of Epo initiation was the day of birth for infants diagnosed with HIE.

Conclusion Epo is utilized in ELGANs more commonly than for other NICU populations. Utilization patterns appear to indicate the treatment of established anemia for ELGANs and more recently for neuroprotection in patients diagnosed with HIE.