bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluggastrechte
Authors: Handschug Stephan
Published: October 2022

Handschug, Fluggastrechte (RDW Bd. 249)

2018 sind mehr als 14.000 Flüge ausgefallen. In keinem anderen europäischen Land haben Flugreisende höhere Ansprüche auf Entschädigung wegen Verspätungen und Ausfällen als in Deutschland. Hier ist von einer Entschädigungssumme von ca. 823 Millionen Euro für 2,8 Millionen Flugpassagiere im Jahr 2018 die Rede. Diese Zahlen allein belegen die zunehmende Bedeutung der Fluggastrechte in der Praxis.

Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt der Band Passagieren einen umfassenden Überblick über die ihnen infolge von Nichtbeförderung, Annullierung und Verspätung zustehenden Ansprüche gegen Fluggesellschaften – insbesondere auf der Grundlage der EU-Fluggastrechteverordnung und des Montrealer Übereinkommens. Durch eine Vielzahl von gerichtlich entschiedenen Einzelfällen wird die Rechtslage überaus lebendig und verständlich dargestellt.

Darüber hinaus erläutert der Ratgeber ausführlich die Ansprüche von Pauschalreisenden auf der Basis des zum 1. Juli 2018 in Kraft getretenen neuen Reiserechts im Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch (BGB).
Hessisches Gesetz über die öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung - HSOG -
Authors: Fredrich Dirk
Published: October 2022

Zuverlässiger Kommentar in 13. Auflage

Seit Erscheinen der Vorauflage des Buches ist das Hessische Gesetz über die Öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung (HSOG) in erheblichem Ausmaß, insgesamt fünfmal, geändert worden.

Rechtsstand Mai 2020

Der eingeführte Kommentar aus der Reihe "Polizeirecht kommentiert" befindet sich auf dem Rechtsstand Mai 2020. Sämtliche Änderungen des HSOG, einschließlich der Neufassung der §§ 83 und 86, die der Hessische Landtag am 6.5.2020 beschlossen hat, sind berücksichtigt: die Änderungen polizeirechtlich relevanter Gesetze und Rechtsverordnungen sowie die Änderungen oder der Erlass neuer Verwaltungsvorschriften, wie z.B. die Neuregelung des Hessischen Freiwilligen-Polizeidienst-Gesetzes, die Änderung der Durchführungsverordnung zum HSOG (HSOG-DVO) oder Änderungen und ein Neuerlass von Verwaltungsvorschriften über die Organisation und die Zuständigkeit der Polizeibehörden.

Topaktuelle Rechtsprechung

Neben aktueller polizeirechtlicher Literatur hat der Autor auch die seither ergangene einschlägige Rechtsprechung, insbesondere des Bundesverfassungsgerichts, eingearbeitet. So z.B. das Urteil vom 20.4.2016, welches das Bundeskriminalamtgesetz betrifft, den Beschluss vom 18.12.2018 zur Teilnichtigkeit der Regelung über das automatische Kennzeichenlesegerät sowie das Urteil vom 26.2.2020, das sich mit der Freiheit, sich das Leben zu nehmen, befasst. Von den Entscheidungen hessischer Gerichte sind u.a. die Grundsatzentscheidungen des OLG Frankfurt zur Unzulässigkeit des Einsatzes von Leiharbeitnehmern bei der Verkehrsüberwachung vom 6.11.2019 und vom 3.1.2020 berücksichtigt worden.

Praktischer Anhang mit Vorschriften

Im Anhang abgedruckt sind die HSOG-DVO, die VVHSOG, das HFPG, die Vorschriften des HDSIG, soweit darauf im HSOG verwiesen wird, sowie auszugsweise Artikel der DSGVO und der JI-Richtlinie.

Überzeugendes Konzept

Die Reihe "Polizeirecht kommentiert" ist speziell für die Erfordernisse der täglichen Arbeit von Polizei- und Ordnungsbehörden konzipiert. Der Autor lässt in gewohnter Weise wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und praktische Erfahrungen in das Werk einfließen. Damit bleibt der Kommentar ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsmittel für die hessische Polizei und Verwaltung.
Online-Werbung, digitale Geschäftsmodelle und Adblocker
Authors: Katsivelas Ioannis
Published: October 2022

Ad blockers are an effective tool for protection against unwanted ads on the Internet, but they also threaten the existence of advertising-financed online services. This work deals with the conflict over the attention of Internet users to advertising and examines the permissibility of ad blocker software from the viewpoints of unfair competition, antitrust and civil law. Particular attention is also paid to the references to the topic under EU law and the scope of protection of the conflicting fundamental rights positions under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the German Basic Law. In addition, possible alternative measures for website operators are outlined and the need for legislative action to regulate ad blockers is discussed.
Die transnationale Erinnerungskultur in Europa
Authors: Trifonov Rangel Nikolaev
Published: October 2022

Through the literary de-differentiation of facts and fictions, event and structure, there is an actualisation of the past. The convergence of different lifeworlds and cultures that coexist within the framework of the European community enables the transition from national to transnational culture of remembrance. The study focuses on the interest in how a new, transnationally shaped culture of memory is emerging after 1990. On the basis of synchronicity and interdisciplinarity, the study will make a significant contribution to the understanding of literature in its community-building function as a guardian of transnational European memories and as a cultural mediator between East and West.
The Effect of Reminiscence on Depression in Elderly People with Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi , Faramarzian Zohreh , Jokar Mozhgan , Delam Hamed , Mansouri Amir , Soufi Omid , Kavi Esmaeil
Published: October 2022

Background: Considering the problems, multiple diseases, disabilities, and the increased likelihood of suicidal ideation aroused by mental disorders among the elderly, the present study aimed to study the effects of reminiscence on depression in elderly people with suicidal ideation living in a nursing home. Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Considering the inclusion criteria, 30 elderly persons were selected regarding the inclusion criteria and then assigned to two intervention (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups using the simple random method. An educational program on reminiscence protocol was held in eight sessions. The participants were asked to complete the suicidal ideation, depression, and mental status questionnaires before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data with SPSS software version 25. Results: The experimental and control groups were homogenous in terms of marital status, age, gender, psychological status, suicidal ideation, and level of education (P > 0.05). Comparison of the mean scores of depression showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups immediately after (P = 0.037) and one month after the intervention (P = 0.030). However, before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P = 0.899) Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, reminiscence as a nursing intervention can improve depression in the elderly with suicidal ideation. Accordingly, holding group reminiscing sessions in places such as nursing homes can be effective in reducing depression symptoms and preventing suicidal ideation in the elderly.
Real ou ficção: uma questão fotográfica no conto Las babas del diablo, de Julio Cortázar e na obra fílmica Blow-Up, de Michelangelo Antonioni
Authors: Benatti Andre Rezende , Silva Rute Pereira da
Published: October 2022

O propósito do trabalho é realizar uma análise do papel da fotografia no conto Las babas del diablo, de Julio Cortázar e da obra fílmica Blow-Up, de Michelangelo Antonioni, com base nos pressupostos de Roland Barthes sobre o processo fotográfico.  A narrativa  Las babas del diablo foi publicada pela primeira vez em 1959, em uma coletânea de contos intitulada Las armas secretas, ela nos conta a história do fotógrafo e tradutor, Michel, que ao ampliar algumas fotos ele percebe, nas imagens, que as fotos são provas de um crime. Inspirado nessa trama, em dezembro de 1966, Michelangelo Antonioni, transcria (CAMPOS, 2013), de maneira primorosa, o filme Blow-Up. Do conto ao filme, vários questionamentos foram trazidos por Antonioni, identificados tanto na obra literária quanto na fílmica. Tanto a literatura quanto os meios audiovisuais possuem a capacidade de narração e a necessidade de narrativas, o que permite a proximidade entre ambas as áreas. Contudo, cada linguagem tem suas especificidades, visto que as produções têm formas próprias de se expressarem e de se apropriar de significados. Para tal, traremos para discussão estudos referentes à literatura e fotografia, tais como Roland Barthes (1984), Ismael Xavier (2003), Susan Sontag (2003), Julio Cortázar (2003) entre outros.
Geopoesia da boa morte pelas ruas coralinas da tanatografia
Authors: Silva Junior Augusto Rodrigues da
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho apresentamos o poema-necrológio “Quem foi ela?”, de Cora Coralina. Publicado em jornal em 1965, pela primeira vez ele é apresentado na íntegra em periódico. Percorrendo ruas e becos da Cidade de Goyaz, pretendemos analisar a movimentação de vozes femininas ecoando em movimentações de forças biográficas e biobibliográficas. O trabalho articula a poética coralina com a imagem de Idalina da Cruz Marques e seu importante papel social na Cidade de Goiás ao longo do século XX. Numa geopoesia plena de cotidiano, o discurso da “Good Death” dissemina-se em politonalidades na articulação do momento e do memento. Num exercício de geopoesia que, em processo dialógico transforma-se em tanatografia, a crítica polifônica (em sua reverberação enquanto literaturas de campo e comparada) afirma-se como reconstrução de ideias e contra todo tipo de autoritarismo. Assim, percorrendo ruas coralinas seguimos pelo enfronteiramento do conhecimento, nas raizamas, como contemplação palavral do espetáculo do mundo.
Optical evaluation of 3D printed CPC by coupling photogrammetry and ray tracing analysis
Authors: Martínez-Manuel Pedro , Valentín-Coronado Luis , Salgado-Transito Iván , Peña-Cruz Manuel , Martell-Chávez Fernando , Carrillo-Baeza Gonzalo , Pineda-Arellano Carlos
Published: October 2022

Manufacturing methods of CPC collectors, regardless the application, have not undergone significant modifications in recent years; the main manufacturing methods are hydraulic press stamping and some other machining methods, which generate errors in geometric curvature and damage to the high-reflectivity film coating, reducing the overall optical efficiency of the CPC. In this work, we propose a method for the fabrication of cylindrical CPCs (widely used in water-heating, disinfection, and wastewater treatment applications), which comprises the use of a 3D printed mold complemented with a structural styrofoam molding. The proposed method presents the advantage of improving the quality of the CPC profile with less damage on the surface of the high reflectivity coating and with a reduction in the quantity of deformations because of its machining processes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented method, an experimental-simulation test was carried out based on a photogrammetric technique combined with a Ray tracing Monte Carlo method. The test procedure compared the CPC manufactured with the proposed method (called 3DMCPC) versus one manufactured by a conventional machining technique (referred as CM-CPC). The results obtained show a geometrical mean error value of 1.2 mm for the 3DM-CPC compared to 3.19 mm for the CM-CPC. Optical assessment by ray tracing showed a relative efficiency of 95% for the 3DM-CPC versus 82% of the CM-CPC, both of them compared to the theoretical ideal geometry of a 2D-1 Sun CPC. The benefit could be estimated in a simulation to be 9.4% in the annual performance of a 1000 L CPC thermal energy solar plant.
Behavioral evidence of public aircraft with historical data: The case of Boeing 737 MAX 8 PK-LQP
Authors: Passarella Rossi , Nurmaini Siti
Published: October 2022

This paper studies a significant amount of residual evidence characterized by the historical flight trajectory of PKLQP (B737 MAX 8), which underwent an accident. Subsequently, this method is employed to generate novel safety-relevant knowledge based on existing flight data. At the beginning of this study, the method is applied by developing the hypothesis with the support of all data collected from online and offline reports, ADS-B data from flightradar24, and a statistical approach. This preliminary study employs Python as an essential program for the purpose of data collation and analysis. The results show that in the data offered by KNKT (The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee-Indonesia), the aircraft (PK-LQP) demonstrated unusual behaviour in comparison with the typical climbing phase that is produced by the dataset valid B737 MAX 8 (the ground truth data). The results also confirmed the hypothesis proposed in this study.
THE IMPACT OF PROTECTIVE CAPACITY IN IMPLEMENTING DRUM-BUFFER-ROPE METHODOLOGY IN MAKE-TO-ORDER ENVIRONMENTS: AN ASSESSMENT BY SIMULATION
Authors: ORUE IRASUEGI AITOR , LIZARRALDE AIASTUI AITOR , GARCIA SANCHEZ ALVARO , APAOLAZA PEREZ DE EULATE UNAI
Published: October 2022

This study uses simulation to analyse the impact of protective capacity in the implementation of the step 3 of the theory of constraints (TOC) methodology in make-to-order (MTO) environments. The results suggest that at different levels of variability, different levels of protective capacity are needed to keep a system stable and meet the bottleneck (BN) schedule. The higher the variability is, the higher the level of protection needed. The definition of the level of protective capacity required is a strategic decision for the organisation, as it must be emphasised that with high levels of variability in a system, the protective capacity must be very high, which contradicts the efficient use of resources. However, for managers to know and control how much protection is needed without needing additional capacity, it is advisable to monitor the use of protective capacity. This concept of protection monitoring and control is relatively new in the TOC–drum-buffer-rope (TOC-DBR) methodology, but it is applied in the demand-driven adaptive business model, and therefore, should be integrated into the TOC-DBR methodology.
Assessment of a Novel Augmented Closure Technique for Surgical Wounds Associated with Transmetatarsal Amputation: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Alexander Jeffery , Desai Vishal , Denden Sharif , Alianello Nicholas
Published: October 2022

Background: Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) is a viable option to avoid major amputation and limb loss in patients with forefoot sepsis, infection, or tissue loss. However, TMAs are associated with a significant incidence of dehiscence, readmission, and reoperation rates ranging from 26% to 63%. To encourage tissue healing, neovascularization, and durable closure, a nonwoven, resorbable, synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix whose architecture is similar to native human extracellular matrix was used in an augmented closure technique. We comparatively evaluated clinical outcomes and complication rates in TMA procedures with and without augmented closure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ten patients who underwent TMA with augmented closure using the synthetic matrix and ten patients who underwent TMA with standard primary closure was conducted.

Results: After TMA, 80% of the patients who underwent augmented closure demonstrated complete wound healing compared with 60% of the control group. Patients undergoing augmented closure demonstrated five instances of wound dehiscence and 20% limb loss compared with eight instances of wound dehiscence and 40% limb loss in the control group. After TMA and augmented closure, patients required eight interventional procedures before complete healing compared with patients undergoing standard closure, who required 13 interventional procedures before complete healing.

Conclusions: Augmented closure of surgical wounds after TMA using a synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix provided a unique means of reducing time to healing (18%), wound dehiscence (29%), number of procedures performed (39%), and rate of limb loss (20%). Augmented closure, therefore, offers a means of improving quality of life and reducing risk for patients undergoing TMA, and potentially reducing total cost of care.
The Risks of Using Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in Patients with Renal and Cardiac Compromise
Authors: Hoffman Arlene F. , Lin Tzu Lu
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the risks of prescribing trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for patients who have kidney or cardiac pathology, have hyperkalemia, or take other interacting medications. Although TMP/SMX is a drug that is frequently used to treat skin and soft-tissue infections of the leg and foot, particularly if methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is identified, it is not an innocuous antibiotic. Literature documenting the many adverse effects of TMP/SMX is reviewed. A case history is presented illustrating the association of TMP/SMX with the development of a life-threatening situation. Ways of avoiding these adverse events are discussed, and the use of safer antibiotics is recommended.
The Association of Olfactory Impairment with Charcot Neuroarthropathy and Possible Links to Causation
Authors: Rader Andrew J. , Ruter Aaron
Published: October 2022

Background: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a devastating complication of some diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system. Initial subjective and objective presentation of the disease can be variable. Common among all presentations seems to be uncontrolled inflammation yielding dislocations and/or fractures. The exact cause remains the subject of much debate.

Methods: Our study retrospectively looks at the function of olfactory function in consecutive patients with CN and compares the findings with a nonaffected population. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was used to assess olfaction and document microsomia.

Results: Twenty consecutive patients presenting with CN demonstrated significant (P < .0001) microsomia when compared to an unaffected population with diabetes.

Conclusions: Microsomia is strongly associated with CN. This finding may be correlated to voltage-gated sodium 1.7 channel impairment and appears to be a candidate precursor for the development of CN.
New Insight into Hallux Valgus: Body Awareness in Patients with Hallux Valgus
Authors: Kirdi Elif , Yildiz Sulenur , Yazicioglu Gul
Published: October 2022

Background: Body awareness is an expression of the extent of sensitivity and attentiveness to internal bodily signals and sensations. The foot has a critical function in providing interoceptive and exteroceptive information. The purposes of this study were to 1) compare body awareness in individuals with and without hallux valgus (HV) deformity, and 2) investigate the relationship between body awareness and HV-related parameters.

Methods: A total of 129 participants completed the assessments. The severity of the HV was evaluated using the Manchester Scale; pain severity was evaluated using the numeric pain rating scale; and the functional status was evaluated using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire. The patients were divided into two groups according to the Manchester Scale scores as the presence or absence of HV. The body awareness of the individuals with HV was assessed using the Body Awareness Questionnaire.

Results: Included in this study were 69 participants with HV and 60 healthy participants. There was no difference between groups in terms of demographic properties. Two groups were found different only in pain severity (P < .01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a low correlation between the body awareness score and pain severity in both feet (right foot, r = 0.306, P = .011; left foot, r = 0.320, P = .007) in individuals with HV.

Conclusions: Participants with HV had higher pain severity and the pain severity was associated with the body awareness. The level of body awareness should be assessed and taken into consideration in the management of pain in patients with HV.
Blockchain based energy efficient multi-tasking optimistic scenario for mobile edge computing
Authors: Wu Jianbin , Haider Sami Ahmed , Soni Mukesh , Kalra Ashima , Deb Nabamita
Published: October 2022

Mobile edge computational power faces the difficulty of balancing the energy consumption of many devices and workloads as science and technology advance. Most related research focuses on exploiting edge server computing performance to reduce mobile device energy consumption and task execution time during task processing. Existing research, however, shows that there is no adequate answer to the energy consumption balances between multi-device and multitasking. The present edge computing system model has been updated to address this energy consumption balance problem. We present a blockchain-based analytical method for the energy utilization balance optimization problem of multi-mobile devices and multitasking and an optimistic scenario on this foundation. An investigation of the corresponding approximation ratio is performed. Compared to the total energy demand optimization method and the random algorithm, many simulation studies have been carried out. Compared to the random process, the testing findings demonstrate that the suggested greedy algorithm can improve average performance by 66.59 percent in terms of energy balance. Furthermore, when the minimum transmission power of the mobile device is between five and six dBm, the greedy algorithm nearly achieves the best solution when compared to the brute force technique under the classical task topology.
Perceived Satisfaction of Beneficiaries of Training Organized under Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan in Banda District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Patel Diksha , Singh Shyam , Gupta B. K. , Verma A. P.
Published: October 2022

The main aim of this study was to perceive the satisfaction of beneficiaries (migrant workers returning to their villages in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak) of training received for employment and livelihood security. The ex-post facto design was used for this study. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banda, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda (Uttar Pradesh). A total of 18 Vocational trainings of three days each for migrant laborers from July 2020 to March 2021. KVK, Banda imparted a total of 18 Vocational trainings. Each training has 35 participants, thus a total of 630 participants have benefitted from this training. After training, 50 participants from different courses were randomly selected as respondents and have been personally interviewed with the help of a semi-structured interview schedule for data collection. The descriptive statistics method was used for data analysis. The weighted mean score method was used to rank the perceived satisfaction with training. It was found that 78.00 percent of participants rated excellent in terms of course content coverage of the training program whereas infrastructure used for training, quality and usefulness of study material, use of audio/visual aids, the behavior of faculty members/ resource personnel, and usefulness of the training program in real life application rated excellent by 50.00, 70.00, 62.00, 84.00 and 92.00 percent of participants respectively. It was found that 68.00 percent of participants suggested that the duration of training should be increased from 3 days to 5 days and 76.00 percent of participants suggested that a farm tour should be included for a better understanding of a topic. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that the majority of the GKRA beneficiaries were most satisfied with the course content/coverage of the training program, the quality, and the usefulness of the study materials provided during training.
Structure Community PhytoplanktonIn Cikidang River, Pangandaran City, Indonesia
Authors: Sulihtia Nurbakti , Hasan Zahidah , Hetiherawati . , Arief Mochamad Candra W.
Published: October 2022

This research aims to determine the structure of the phytoplankton community in the waters of the Cikidang River, which can use as a bioindicator of water quality. The research began in November 2021-February 2022 using a survey method. Sampling does at four stations. The determination of the stations does by considering land use and river orders. The water parameters analyzed are transparency, temperature, Salinity, pH, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate NH3, phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. The results showed the identification of 21 genera from 6 classes and four phyla such as Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Euglenophyta. Abundances index ranging from 17.2-104.6 Ind/L. The diversity index ranged from 0.49 to 0.72. At the same time, the dominance index ranges from 0.28 to 0.51 and belongs to the category of low to moderate dominance. The water quality in the Cikidang River generally meets the requirements of class II and Class III quality standards, according to Government Regulation 22 of 2021 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.
Treatment Seeking Behavior of Pregnant Women about Malaria in Muzaffargard
Authors: Nargus Shumaila , Kamran Jaleel , Khan Khalid Mahmud , Rana Saleem
Published: October 2022

Malaria during pregnancy and childhood is the major public health problem and about half of the population is at risk of developing malaria in the world. During pregnancy, it causes severe anemia, low birth weight babies, abortion and many other severe complications. Knowledge plays main role to prevent this disease and therefore in this study health seeking behavior of pregnant women is explored to determine frequency of malaria suspected cases and the reasons for non-utilization of Government health facilities by pregnant women. A total 312 pregnant women were selected through multistage random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to know about the knowledge and practice of pregnant women about malaria. A survey was conducted Longmalan Village of Muzaffargard. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Knowledge about malaria was found poor in the majority of the respondents. The major sources of treatment was private health facilities. The major reasons of non-utilization of public health facilities were poor accessibility to transport, lack of trust on public medical providers, and their bad attitude. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that malaria knowledge has shown to be an important factor for prevention and treatment seeking practices about malaria health education and literacy promotion should strengthen the knowledge about malaria prevention and treatment seeking behavior.
A Model Fit Comparative Study of K-Component Mixture of One Parameter Univariate Distributions
Authors: Echebiri Udochukwu Victor , Ugoh Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu , Guobadia Emwinloghosa Kenneth , Isibor Onaghise Andrew , Omotayo Abayomi
Published: October 2022

This is a comparative study on mixture distribution; where the study seeks to ascertain whether higher number of k-component mixtures could result to development of models that show better fits. In the performance comparison, special consideration was given to univariate one parameter distributions derived using mixture models, and the results show that distributions of higher k-mixture components  relatively have greater propensity to exhibit better fit than the lesser mixture component distributions (k < 3).
Conceptualizing Different Forest Degradation Drivers with Special Reference to India
Authors: Punia Harish , Jakhar Somveer
Published: October 2022

Forest deterioration has been a global issue in the 21st century as one of the most serious environmental issues. The costs of forests degradation is in reducing productivity and natural resources such as water, land, grassland etc. Deforestation affects the whole globe but it is of main concern of developing countries of the Tropics. Forest deterioration and deforestation are caused by a variety of factors that vary depending on the location. The main aim of the review is to analyse various forest degradation drivers and to establish keys to estimate the level of degradation. The various direct and indirect drivers of forest degradation are excessive mining, selective logging, population explosion, climatic-change, forest fires, biological invasion, agricultural land expansion and weak forest administration. One sort of sustainability in a managed forest is the system of several landowners, each with a modest multifunctional, multispecies plot. Other plan for sustainable development is eco-development programme, which is inter and multi-stakeholder method for connecting the conservation benefits of protected areas with community people's livelihoods and development practices in the environments around them. A shift toward whole-landscape management is required, with a focus on places with high levels of usage mixed with areas principally maintained for conservation, recreation, and water catchment. Some guidelines are being created, but more interactions between ecologists, foresters, social scientists, and economists are urgently needed.
Effect of Biofertilizers on Nutrient Uptake by Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under Agri-horti System in Vindhyan Region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chahal Rashav , Verma S. K. , Singh Alok Kumar
Published: October 2022

A field investigation was carried out in Factorial Randomized Block Design during autumn 2018 at agricultural farm, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha, Mirzapur (RGSC), Banaras Hindu University (U.P.) to investigate the impact of fertiliser and biofertilizer on the nutrient uptake by the green gram (V. radiata L.) plant and grain under guava (P. guvajava L.) trees. The twelve year old guava orchard was established in August 2006 with spacing of 7m x 7m. Seven fertilizer combination viz., control, Rhizobium culture, press mud, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, Rhizobium culture + fertilizer, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria + fertilizer and press mud + fertilizer were applied. Among them application of press mud + fertilizer performed better by recording highest nitrogen content in grain (3.75), nitrogen content in grain (1.50), removal of nitrogen in grain (33.09) Removal of nitrogen in straw (33.03) and phosphorus content in grain (0.41) phosphorus content in straw (0.30), phosphorus uptake in grain (3.62), phosphorus uptake in straw (5.61), and found significantly superior to rest of the treatments.
Weight Change Before and After 30 Days of Intermittent Fasting among University Students in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Asma Ashraf , Qamar Khulud , Khalid Ayesha , Rashmi F. N. U. , Kumar Ajay , Nawaz Syed Muhammad Ahsan , Memon Unaiza
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Fasting is a practice of abstaining from certain or all kinds of food and beverages depending on the cultural and religious values of the individual.  The objective of this study was to observe the effects of intermittent fasting on the weight of Muslim university students in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: A longitudinal study was undertaken at the public sector university in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan from 13 April to 12 May 2021. Using a predefined questionnaire at the beginning and end of one month of intermittent fasting, personal data and weight changes were recorded for a total of 95 participants.

Results: The sample was based on primary medical students with a predominance of 73.7% females (70). Most of them (67.4%) were in the age range between 20 and 29 years. About 44 (62.90%) were under the normal BMI of 18.5.  When comparing the participants' weight, the mean weight pre-fasting was 58.66±12.12 kg, and the weight after one month of fasting was 58.76±12.67 kg showing a difference of 0.10 kg and a non-significant p-value of 0.73. 17.9% of the subjects had gained over 1 kilogram, 23.2% had lost over 1 kilogram, and 22.1% maintained their weight, after fasting.

Conclusion: The study indicated a weight change in most individuals enrolled. Although the weight change was not significant, an increase was seen among most of the individuals.  Factors such as decreased physical activity due to COVID-19 quarantine practices, consumption of high-calorie dense foods, and reduced metabolism during fasting may contribute to the results.
The Impact of Use of Expert Systems on Improving Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems: Applied Study in Iraqi Commercial Banks
Authors: Habeeb Muayad Abdulameer
Published: October 2022

The study aimed at identifying the concept, characteristics, types, advantages, and dimensions of expert systems, and the concept and effectiveness of accounting information systems in Iraqi banks, and found a moral effect on the dimensions of expert systems (hardware, equipment, software and applications) on the effectiveness of accounting information systems in Iraqi commercial banks in their dimensions (system quality, information quality, user satisfaction). Expert systems also assist the banks accounting information systems in obtaining timely, accurate, appropriate and highly reliable financial and non-financial data and information. The study recommended the necessity of involving accountants in the development of computer-based accounting information systems in all different stages related to systems development, and the necessity of working on developing expert systems in banks in a way that suits the technical developments taking place in providing services and their different applications that take place in the business environment to meet the needs and requirements of beneficiaries.
Comparison Study between Surface Bending and Base Bending in the Bending Strength and the Microstructure Variation for FSWed ZM6 Sheet
Authors: Chen Wenzhen , Yuan Manman , Wang Wenke , Yu Jun , Zhang Wencong , Teng Tianyue
Published: October 2022

Herein, the surface bending and base bending effect on the bending strength and the microstructure variation of ZM6 magnesium alloy sheet that is fabricated by friction stir welding are compared. The microstructure results show that the base bending produces about 22.1% of tensile twins in the center of stirring zone (SZ‐C), while only about 3.7% of tensile twins in the advancing side of stirring zone (SZ‐AS). However, the surface bending results in the opposite result, that is, about 21.8% of tensile twins are generated in the SZ‐AS, while only 7.2% of tensile twins are generated in the SZ‐C. These microstructure variations are characterized by the macroscopical Schmid factor, which is calculated according to the microscopic Schmid factor of each deformation mechanism and their respective area fractions. Such macroscopical Schmid factor is closely related to the yield strength. Abundant prismatic slip (about 45%) is activated in surface bending, producing the higher macroscopical Schmid factor and the yield strength. By contrast, the activation fraction of the prismatic slip is only 13%, and this gives rise to the lower macroscopical Schmid factor, eventually decreasing the yield strength.
Assessment of Mechanical and Optical Properties of Al 6060 Alloy Particles by Removal of Contaminants
Authors: Vieth Pascal , Borgert Thomas , Homberg Werner , Grundmeier Guido
Published: October 2022

The use of aluminum as a light‐weight construction material in automotive engineering has increased steadily in recent years among other sectors. However, the production of primary aluminum requires significantly more energy than the production of steel, which motivates the recycling of existing aluminum components. Based on the results of past investigations, this interdisciplinary study expands the potential applications of a friction‐induced solid‐state recycling process to reduce the amount of energy, which is needed in the aluminum production and thus also to reduce the CO2 footprint of the industrial sector. To increase the processability of different conditions of the aluminum chips, a chemical pretreatment was performed to remove an applied cooling lubricant. This study shows that under the use of the chemical cleaning method presented here, it is possible to improve the mechanical properties significantly.
Rapidly Deformable Vitrimer Epoxy System with Supreme Stress‐Relaxation Capabilities via Coordination of Solvate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shin Jae‐Ho , Yi Mo‐Beom , Lee Tae‐Hyung , Kim Hyun‐Joong
Published: October 2022

Vitrimer epoxy, capable of stress‐relaxation, has gathered attention for its ability to counter the brittleness and rigidity of thermosets. However, to date, only two strategies are proposed to address the high enthalpic barrier of a dynamic exchange reaction using high dosages of external catalysts or niche moieties as internal catalysts. Herein, solvate ionic liquids (SILs) are incorporated into commercial epoxy‐based vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers. During curing, the SILs facilitate epoxy ring‐opening and amine‐addition reactions, significantly reducing gel times. Furthermore, after network formation, the SILs accelerate transamination reaction within the VU networks at a dosage of only 0.5–2 mol%. This can be attributed to their high miscibilities and Lewis acidic characters, which significantly reduce the activation energy of transamination (24 kJ mol−1) in the SIL‐incorporated vitrimer. Thus, a high‐performing vitrimer epoxy is prepared, featuring a glassy modulus (>109 Pa) at room temperature and an extremely short stress‐relaxation time (≈19 s) at 160 °C. Moreover, a soft encapsulation approach is demonstrated using the vitrimer epoxy, proving the possibility of a simultaneous deformable (bent) encapsulation, reduced warpage of a flexible printed circuit board, and selective removal of encapsulants.
Tannic Acid‐Promoted Deposition of Glucose Oxidase on Titanium Surfaces for Mitigation of Persistent Bacterial Infections
Authors: Cheng Yanfang , Tang Jie , He Xiaodong , Sathishkumar Gnanasekar , Wang Yan , Zhang Kai , Rao Xi , Kang En‐Tang , Xu Li‐Qun
Published: October 2022

Microbial contamination of the surfaces of biomedical materials/devices is a major obstacle to their clinical applications. Therefore, developing a simple, efficient, and sustainable antibacterial coating is of increasing importance. Inspired by the surface adhesive effect of polyphenols, tannic acid (TA) is utilized to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD) on the surface of biomedical materials, via hydrogen bonding. Under appropriate physiological conditions, antibacterial and anti‐infection effects of the as‐constructed TA/GOD coatings are explored. Through enzymatic conversion of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the TA/GOD coating shows strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The TA/GOD coating also effectively resists biofilm formation of E. coli and S. aureus. Both in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the TA/GOD coating does not induce significant adverse side effects during the treatment period. Thus, the present strategy produces an effective coating that resists both bacterial adhesion and persistent infection associated with biomedical materials/implants in the glucose‐containing physiological environment.
Electrically Tunable and Robust Bound States in the Continuum Enabled by 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chen Weijin , Wei Jingxuan , Deng Wenjie , Yan Yinzhou , Zhang Yongzhe , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: October 2022

High quality factor (Q‐factor) resonance can effectively enhance light–matter interactions, but suffers from radiative losses caused by fabrication imperfections and material impurities. Merging bound states in the continuum (BICs) becomes a promising candidate to address this challenge since they generate a large high‐Q region in momentum space against undesired external perturbations. However, it is only achieved by altering the geometric parameters of the structure, which constrains its dynamical tunability once the fabrication is ready, limiting its performance in modulators and photodetectors. Here, a convenient approach is proposed to manipulating the merging BIC by electrically tuning the material properties, aiming at on‐chip photonic devices. The asymmetric merging BIC is achieved and tuned by reducing the in‐plane structural symmetry from to , which enables the inversion of topological charge and reconfigurable polarization distribution in the momentum space. Such tunable merging BIC promises various potential applications including vortex generation, optical communication, and nanolasers.
Halide Perovskites for Direct Conversion Megavoltage X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Kundu Soumya , O'Connell Jericho , Hart Alexander , Richtsmeier Devon , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena , Saidaminov Makhsud I.
Published: October 2022

Megavoltage (MV) X‐ray detectors used in cancer treatment either suffer from low sensitivity (scintillators) or prohibitively high cost (direct conversion). Here solution‐processed direct‐conversion MV X‐ray detectors are demonstrated based on halide perovskites. The authors’ prototype devices show a sensitivity of ≈0.7 µC Gyair−1 cm–2, high photon‐to‐carrier conversion efficiency of 42 500%, and a signal‐to‐noise ratio of ≈1750 to 6 MV X‐ray beam of a medical linear accelerator. The detector shows a contrast of over −1.5% per cm of solid water, comparable to state‐of‐art commercial gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) MV X‐ray scintillators. This work demonstrates the first prototype of low‐cost and efficient direct‐conversion MV X‐ray detectors.
Large and Tunable Magnetoresistance in Cr1−xTe/Al2O3/Cr1−xTe Vertical Spin Valve Device
Authors: gao Zhansheng , Chen Jiabiao , Zhang Zheshan , Liu Zhaochao , Zhang Yu , Xu Lingyun , Wu Jinxiong , Luo Feng
Published: October 2022

The recent discovery of 2D ferromagnetic materials provides new opportunities for fabricating 2D ferromagnets‐based spin valve devices and exploring related novel physics. However, up to now, almost all works adopt a spin valve configuration by inserting different types of 2D materials into the gap between two 2D ferromagnetic electrodes as barrier spacer, rather than applying traditional tunneling barrier, such as Al2O3 films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), probably attributed to the instability and incompatibility for the widely explored 2D ferromagnets (CrI3, Fe3GeTe2) to the ALD growth process. Here, Cr1−xTe, an air‐stable 2D ferromagnetic metal grown by chemical vapor deposition, show excellent compatibility to ALD process of depositing Al2O3 films. The nonencapsulated Cr1−xTe/Al2O3/Cr1−xTe vertical spin valve devices demonstrate high magnetoresistance ratio of ≈28% and large spin polarization of 0.36 at 2 K. Furthermore, a gradual evolution from tunneling to metallic spin‐valve behavior is found upon decreasing Al2O3 spacer thickness. The work is constructive and illuminating for connecting the 2D ferromagnetic electrodes with traditional tunneling spacers for fundamental research and device applications.
Different coding characteristics between flight and freezing in dorsal periaqueductal gray of mice during exposure to innate threats
Authors: Liu Denghui , Li Shouhao , Ren Liqing , Liu Xinyu , Li Xiaoyuan , Wang Zhenlong
Published: October 2022

Background

Flight and freezing are two vital defensive behaviors that mice display to avoid natural enemies. When they are exposed to innate threats, visual cues are processed and transmitted by the visual system into the emotional nuclei and finally transmitted to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to induce defensive behaviors. However, how the dorsal PAG (dPAG) encodes the two defensive behaviors is unclear.

Methods

Multi‐array electrodes were implanted in the dPAG nuclei of C57BL/6 mice. Two kinds of visual stimuli (looming and sweeping) were used to induce defensive behaviors in mice. Neural signals under different defense behaviors were recorded, and the encoding characteristics of the two behaviors were extracted and analyzed from spike firing and frequency oscillations. Finally, synchronization of neural activity during the defense process was analyzed.

Results

The neural activity between flight and freezing behaviors showed different firing patterns, and the differences in the inter‐spike interval distribution were mainly reflected in the 2–10 ms period. The frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta band; the active frequency of flight was ~8 to 10 Hz, whereas that of freezing behavior was ~6 to 8 Hz. The network connection density under both defense behaviors was significantly higher than the period before and after defensive behavior occurred, indicating that there was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense process.

Conclusions

The dPAG nuclei of mice have different coding features between flight and freezing behaviors; during strong looming stimulation, fast neuro‐instinctive decision making is required while encountering weak sweeping stimulation, and computable planning late behavior is predicted in the early stage. The frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta band. There was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense process, which may be a key factor triggering different defensive behaviors.
A Sensitive and Reversible Labeling Strategy Enables Global Mapping of the Core‐Fucosylated Glycoproteome on Cell Surfaces
Authors: Tian Yinping , Wang Yuqiu , Yin Hongbo , Luo Yawen , Wei Fangyu , Zhou Hu , Wen Liuqing
Published: October 2022

Core fucosylation, the attachment of α1,6‐fucose to the innermost N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue of N‐glycans, has a strong relationship with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and immune evasion by regulating many membrane proteins. However, details about the functional mechanism are still largely unknown due to the lack of an effective analytical method to identify cell‐surface core‐fucosylated glycoproteins, and especially glycosylation sites. Here, we developed a sensitive and reversible labeling strategy for probing core fucosylation, by which core‐fucosylated glycoproteins that located on cell‐surface were selectively tagged by a biotinylated probe with high sensitivity. The labeled probe can be further broken enzymatically after the capture by affinity resin. The on‐bead traceless cleavage allowed the global mapping of core‐fucosylated glycoproteins and glycosylation sites by mass spectrometry (MS). The profile of core‐fucosylated glycoproteome provides an in‐depth understanding of the biological functions of core fucosylation.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Annulation to Access High‐ValuedN‐Heterocycles
Authors: Das Sandip Kumar , Roy Satyajit , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb
Published: October 2022

Over the past few years, the development of efficient methods to construct high‐valuedN‐heterocyclic molecules have received massive attention owing to their extensive application in the areas of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, natural product synthesis and so on. To access those high‐valued N‐heterocycles, many methods have been developed. In this context, transition‐metal‐catalyzed denitrogenative annulation of 1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles has appeared as a powerful synthetic tool because it offers a step‐ and atom‐economical route for the preparation of the nitrogen‐rich molecules. Compared with the denitrogenative annulation of various 1,2,3‐triazole frameworks, annulation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrazole remains more challenging due to the inertness of the tetrazole moiety. This Review summarizes the significant achievements made in the field of denitrogenative annulation of various 1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles including some pioneering examples in this area of research. We anticipate that this denitrogenative annulation reaction will find broad applications in the pharmaceutical industry, drug discovery and other fields of medicinal chemistry.