bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cationic Nano-Fragrance with Sustained Release Property for Neuroregulation
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Lu Zhiguo , Zhang Jimei , Zhao Baochang , Wang Jianze , Shen Jie , Niu Yunwei , Xiao Zuobing , Liu Guiying , Hao Jifu , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2020

Silk is a kind of textile with Chinese characteristics and widely used in clothing, decoration, military and medical fields. Recently, fragrances have been applied to silk to relieve anxiety and stress. However, the problems of too strong aroma and short scent lasting time seriously
restrict the development of aromatic silk. Herein, Cationic nanoparticles encapsulating with linalool were prepared to prolong the scent lasting time. The fragrance-loaded nanoparticles are tightly attached to the silk by electrostatic interaction between cationic nanoparticles and anionic
silk. Besides, the cationic nanoparticles could slow the release rate of linalool, thus extending the fragrance retention time. Subsequently, fragrant silk has been proven to have an effect of relieving stress. Therefore, this fragrance-loaded cationic nanoparticles-added silk has potential
application value.
Inhibitory Effect of a KSL-W Peptide-Loaded Poloxamer 407-Based Microemulsions for Buccal Delivery on Fusobacterium nucleatum Biofilm
Authors: Bernegossi Jéssica , Fontana Carla Raquel , Caiaffa Karina Sampaio , Duque Cristiane , Chorilli Marlus
Published: June 2020

KSL-W peptide has demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activity and inhibitory effects against oral biofilm. This study aimed to check out the effect of chlorhexidine (CLX) or KSL-W peptide-loaded poloxamer 407-based microemulsions for buccal delivery on Fusobacterium nucleatum
(F. nucleatum) biofilm. The formulation (F) containing 10% copolymer poloxamer 407 dispersion (1%), 40% oleic acid and 50% PPG-5-CETETH-20 was characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheology, bioadhesive and syringeability; and
in the treatment of a biofilm produced by F. nucleatum. The darkfield images obtained by PLM and the SAXS curves with an extended peak indicated that the system was characteristic of microemulsions. In a continuous analysis, microemulsions exhibited Newtonian behavior. In frequency,
the oscillatory analysis profile presented predominantly viscous behavior. Bioadhesive force detected in the analysis of F (7.4 ± 1.81 mN˙ s) and syringeability (17.83± 5.97 N · mm) being adequate values for buccal administration. After 4 h, KSL-W-loaded F shown over
20% higher effectiveness than chlorhexidine-loaded microemulsions. In conclusion, the KSL-W-loaded microemulsions showed a considerable reduction in F. nucleatum biofilm formation and presented promising structural properties for buccal drug delivery.
Nanostructured Medical Adhesives
Authors: Yang Kai-Hung , Boehm Ryan D. , Skoog Shelby A. , Narayan Roger J.
Published: June 2020

Suturing has been the gold standard approach to close wounds for many decades. However, suturing causes tissue damage, which is accompanied by foreign body reaction, entry of pathogens, complications, infection, or death. In addition, the procedure is usually time-consuming, requiring
manual dexterity and free moving space. Other adhesive approaches have been proposed and demonstrated with great potential, including laser-assisted tissue closure with either photothermal or photochemical reactions, application of nanoparticles, glues, constructs based on extracellular matrix
(ECM), microbarbs, bio-inspired structures, and tape. The quality of closure has been evaluated by histological methods, indexing, morphology, tensile testing, patency rate, leakage pressure, and burst pressure. All the novel tissue joining methods aim to provide an adhesive with appropriate
strength, non-cytotoxicity, and minimal damage. The capability for rapid attachment and release may further reduce surgical procedure time. More research is needed to prove the feasibility of new tissue joining techniques based on the type of tissue, surface chemistry, and working environment.
Development of DNA Aptamers Against Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stages Using Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment
Authors: Lantero Elena , Belavilas-Trovas Alexandros , Biosca Arnau , Recolons Paula , Moles Ernest , Sulleiro Elena , Zarzuela Francesc , Ávalos-Padilla Yunuen , Ramírez Miriam , Fernàndez-Busquets Xavier
Published: June 2020

New biomarkers have to be developed in order to increase the performance of current antigen-based malaria rapid diagnosis. Antibody production often involves the use of laboratory animals and is time-consuming and costly, especially when the target is Plasmodium, whose variable
antigen expression complicates the development of long-lived biomarkers. To circumvent these obstacles, we have applied the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment method to the rapid identification of DNA aptamers against Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells
(pRBCs). Five 70 b-long ssDNA sequences, and their shorter forms without the flanking PCR primer-binding regions, have been identified having a highly specific binding of pRBCs versus non-infected erythrocytes. Structural analysis revealed G-enriched sequences compatible with the formation
of G-quadruplexes. The selected aptamers recognized intracellular epitopes with apparent Kds in the μM range in both fixed and non-fixed saponin-permeabilized pRBCs, improving >30-fold the pRBC detection in comparison with aptamers raised against Plasmodium
lactate dehydrogenase, the gold standard antigen for current malaria diagnostic tests. In thin blood smears of clinical samples the aptamers reported in this work specifically bound all P. falciparum stages versus non-infected erythrocytes, and also detected early and late stages of
the human malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. The results are discussed in the context of their potential application in future malaria diagnostic devices.
Constraints in Dvorak Wind Speed Estimates: How Quickly Can Hurricanes Intensify?
Authors: Sangster Samuel J. , Landsea Christopher W.
Published: June 2020

The Dvorak technique is used operationally by meteorological agencies throughout the world for estimating tropical cyclone intensity and position. The technique consists of constraints that put a maximum threshold for which the final T-number, relating directly to intensity, can change during a certain time interval (6, 12, 18, and 24 h). There are cases when these constraints could be broken, especially during rapid intensification. This research tests whether the constraints used for intensity change are warranted or need to be changed. A database of cases with the largest intensity changes for 2000–17 Atlantic tropical cyclones was compiled. A reconnaissance or scatterometer “fix” is required within 3 h of both the beginning and ending of the period for each case to inform the best track and to be included for analysis. Dvorak classifications from the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch are noted for each case, which includes the initial and final T-numbers, current intensity numbers, and data T-numbers. Statistical parameters, including correlations, intensity errors, absolute intensity errors, root-mean-square errors, and significance tests are calculated and analyzed for each period. Results suggest that the T-number constraints for the 18- and 24-h periods could be increased to a 2.5 and a 3.0, respectively. However, results also suggest that the constraints for the 6- and 12-h time intervals should remain the same.
Preparing Visually Impaired Israelis for the Persian Gulf War
Authors: Siegel S.A. , Rosner E.
Published: June 2020

During the Persian Gulf War, the Israeli army's Civil Defense Unit, in conjunction with the Rehabilitation Teaching Division of Migdal Or, developed a program to train visually impaired people to protect themselves in the case of biological or chemical warfare and provided them with equipment, including gas masks. This article describes how the program was set up and the problems that were experienced during the scud missile attacks.
Deaf-Blind Clients and Vocational Rehabilitation: Practical Guidelines for Counselors
Authors: Ingraham C.L. , Carey A. , Vernon M. , Berry P.
Published: June 2020

This article presents suggestions and proved effective strategies for determining the eligibility of, conducting diagnostic workups for, and providing vocational rehabilitation services to deaf-blind individuals. It emphasizes that the optimal rehabilitation process for such clients begins before the clients transfer from educational programs.
Successful Vocational Rehabilitation of Clients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Taheri-Araghi M. , Hendren G.
Published: June 2020

This article reports on a statistical analysis of data related to 76 people who were adventitiously blind as a result of retinitis pigmentosa. The researchers studied 10 personal (client) variables and four program variables to determine whether there were any relationships between the variables and the clients’ employment status at the time their cases were closed.
The Role of Support Groups in Adjusting to Visual Impairment in Old Age
Authors: Van Zandt P.L. , Van Zandt S.L. , Wang A.
Published: June 2020

This study of older visually impaired Nebraskans examined the effects of participation in peer support groups for visually impaired people and rehabilitation training. It found that those who participated in support groups and rehabilitation felt they were successful in coping with their visual loss, were satisfied with their level of activities, and generally had a positive outlook on life.
Folklore of Blindness
Authors: Wagner-Lampl A. , Oliver G.W.
Published: June 2020

An individual's adaptation to the loss of sight is strongly influenced by the beliefs, superstitions, folklore, and mythology of both the individual and those with whom he or she comes in contact. This article uses both case examples and reports of such beliefs from archives and world literature to illustrate the broad range of connections between folklore and blindness. Clinicians can use their knowledge of such beliefs to help their clients through the process of adapting to the loss of vision.
Achieving Educational Change through Technical Assistance
Authors: Briggs A. , Logan K. , Alberto P.
Published: June 2020

This article reports on a survey of recipients of 51 technical assistance projects in 18 states and territories provided by the Teaching Research Assistance to Children Experiencing Sensory Impairments project. On the basis of the respondents’ assessments of factors that result in the most effective provision of technical assistance by consultants in educational settings, the authors present a systematic approach to the achievement of desired individual, programmatic, and systemwide changes through technical assistance.
Visually Impaired Children with Progressive, Terminal Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Koehler W. , Loftin M.
Published: June 2020

This article presents information that members of a multidisciplinary team of professionals and parents require to meet the emotional and educational needs of visually impaired children with progressive, terminal neurodegenerative disorders and to support each other emotionally.
A Cognitive Basis for Teaching Cane Travel
Authors: Mettler R.
Published: June 2020

This article presents a rationale for emphasizing discovery instruction over guided instruction in teaching cane travel. Discovery instruction facilitates the use of intrinsic feedback to cultivate important perceptual-cognitive skills. It promotes problem solving and the retention and transfer of skills because the demands of performance during training are the same as those the student will confront after training is completed.
Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty for the Management of Isolated Congenital Ossicular Chain Malformation: Surgical Results in 16 Ears
Authors: Zhang Chunlin , Mi Jiaoping , Long Dan , Deng Yuan , Sun Qiang , Liu Zhaohui
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and intraoperative findings and further evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ossiculoplasty for the management of isolated congenital ossicular chain malformation.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed on 16 ears (15 patients) with the isolated congenital ossicular chain malformation who underwent endoscopic ossiculoplasty in our department from May 2017 to January 2019. Endoscopic exploratory tympanotomy was conducted to check the ossicular chain; at the same time, endoscopic ossiculoplasty was performed depending on intraoperative findings. Air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds, and air-bone gaps (ABGs) were measured before and after surgery, and the hearing outcome was assessed at 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

The most common malformations of ossicular chain were the missing of the incus long process and stapes suprastructure. A serial assessment of the hearing status was conducted before and 6 months after surgery. It showed the mean postoperative pure-tone average (PTA) was significantly reduced, and the mean postoperative ABG was obviously closed, respectively ( P < .001). The mean PTA gain was 36.3 ± 8.6 dB, and the ABG closure was 35.1 ± 8.3 dB; ABG closure to 20 dB or less and ABG closure to 10 dB or less were achieved in 14 cases (87.5%) and 5 cases (31.3%), respectively. No differences were observed in postoperative hearing outcome between type Ⅲ cases and type Ⅳ cases; however, cases with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis implantation showed a larger hearing gain ( P = .049) and a higher proportion of postoperative ABG less than 10 dB ( P = .021). No facial palsy and significant sensorineural hearing loss occurred; all patients completed the surgery without the need of canalplasty, and the chorda tympani nerve was preserved in all patients.

Conclusions:

This research showed endoscopic surgery was effective in the diagnosis and management of isolated congenital ossicular chain malformation; the endoscopic ossiculoplasty provides an alternative method to manage congenital ossicular chain malformation, with comfortable hearing outcome and the advantage of excellent vision and less invasion.
Narcissism in Political Participation
Authors: Fazekas Zoltán , Hatemi Peter K.
Published: June 2020

Much attention has focused on the social, institutional, and mobilization factors that influence political participation, with a renewed interest in psychological motivations. One trait that has a deep theoretical connection to participation, but remains underexplored, is narcissism. Relying on three studies in the United States and Denmark, two nationally representative, we find that those scoring higher in narcissism, as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory–40 (NPI-40), participate more in politics, including contacting politicians, signing petitions, joining demonstrations, donating money, and voting in midterm elections. Both agentic and antagonistic components of narcissism were positively and negatively related to different types of political participation when exploring the subfactors independently. Superiority and Authority/Leadership were positively related to participation, while Self Sufficiency was negatively related to participation. In addition, the combined Entitlement/Exploitativeness factor was negatively related to turnout, but only in midterm elections. Overall, the findings support a view of participation that arises in part from instrumental motivations.
Nature-based Group Therapy Reflections: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Carlson Kelly , Kingsley Jeanette , Strimaitis Caroline , Birnbaum Shira , Quinn Theresa , Espinoza Rhiannon , Rapaport Ann
Published: June 2020

Nature-based therapies have a long history in mental health care. Beneficial effects have been documented for nature-based therapies in a variety of other health care settings. The aims of this grounded theory study were to understand the processes of maintaining nature-based therapeutic groups and the value of the activities to patients in a psychiatric inpatient setting. Over a nine-month period, semi-structured surveys of patient responses to nature-based activities were administered to patients in a pilot therapy group assessing the feasibility of a nature-based group program. Findings indicated that the group promoted use of the senses, social interaction, and care of self/others. Perceptions of benefits led to a nuanced understanding of the effects of being in contact with nature. Based on our findings we offer a preliminary theoretical model for patient engagement with nature-based programming in inpatient mental health care.
Factors associated with fourth graders' music knowledge assessed by SCAAP
Authors: Fan Xumei , Jiang Ning , Lewis Ashlee
Published: June 2020

This study investigated factors associated with fourth graders' music knowledge assessed by the South Carolina Arts Assessment Program (SCAAP). Participants included 2,683 fourth-grade students nested within 35 elementary schools in South Carolina, United States. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to examine both the student-level factors, including gender and ethnicity, and the school-level factors, including school ranking, poverty level, and participation in SCAAP. Results indicated that students' gender, ethnicity, school ranking, and school poverty were significantly associated with students' music scores. There was a statistically significant interactive effect of gender and school ranking and poverty on students' music scores. The findings could inform music teachers, school administrators, and educational policy makers to acknowledge these factors, adopt differentiated music instructional strategies, provide resources, and support students from diverse backgrounds in order to enhance students' learning outcomes in music education.
The Ex Vivo Skin Model as an Alternative Tool for the Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Topical Products
Authors: Eberlin Samara , Silva Michelle Sabrina da , Facchini Gustavo , Silva Gustavo Henrique da , Pinheiro Ana Lúcia Tabarini Alves , Eberlin Samir , Pinheiro Adriano da Silva
Published: June 2020

The development of alternative approaches for safety and efficacy testing that avoid the use of animals is a worldwide trend, which relies on the improvement of current models and tools so that they better reproduce human biology. Human skin from elective plastic surgery is a promising experimental model to test the effects of topically applied products. As the structure of native skin is maintained, including cell population (keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and fibroblasts) and dermal matrix (containing collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, etc.), it most closely matches the effects of substances on in vivo human skin. In this review, we present a collection of results that our group has generated over the last years, involving the use of human skin and scalp explants, demonstrating the feasibility of this model. The development of a test system with ex vivo skin explants, of standard size and thickness, and cultured at the air–liquid interface, can provide an important tool for understanding the mechanisms involved in several cutaneous disorders.
Development of the Revised Relational Maximization Scale and explorations of how relational maximization relates to personal and relational outcomes
Authors: Mikkelson Alan C. , Ray Colter D.
Published: June 2020

Cheek and Schwartz argued for conceptualizing maximization as the goal of “choosing the best” coupled with the strategy of “alternative search.” Using this conceptualization, we conducted five studies (Total N = 1,617) to revise the Relational Maximization Scale. Two exploratory factor analyses (Exploratory Study and Study 1) confirmed that choosing the best and alternative search were empirically distinct. A confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2) demonstrated the strength of the factor structure for these two dimensions. Study 2 results also indicated that choosing the best correlated with rational and intuitive decision-making styles, whereas alternative search correlated with indecisive, avoidant, and intuitive decision-making styles. In Study 3, choosing the best was positively related to relational outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, commitment, and trust), whereas alternative search was negatively related to relational outcomes. Study 4 demonstrated that alternative search and the quality of alternatives were empirically distinct. Study 4 also showed that choosing the best was positively related to life satisfaction and optimism, whereas alternative search was positively related to regret and negatively related to optimism. Together, these studies validate the importance of examining domain-specific maximization in ongoing relationships and offer a new Revised Relational Maximization Scale. Specifically, we propose that the choosing the best subscale be used as a measure of the maximization goal and that the alternative search subscale be used as a measure of the maximization strategy.
Building a global scientific community
Authors: Bargheer Stefan
Published: June 2020

The three volumes reviewed in this essay assemble over 40 case studies written by more than 50 contributors that trace the development of the social sciences and humanities in Europe (East and West) and a number of countries in Latin America, North Africa, and East Asia. Two of these volumes grew out of the European research project ‘International Cooperation in the Social Sciences and Humanities’ (INTERCO-SSH); the third volume extends the focus of this project to Eastern Europe. A particularly innovative aspect shared by all contributions is the application of a transnational research perspective.
Nasogastric tube insertion difficulty in a patient with a large goiter: A case report
Authors: Cho Ana , Hong Seokhyung , So Jinyoung
Published: June 2020

Airway management under anesthesia is given special attention in patients who have large goiters. Nasogastric tube insertion may be difficult in intubated patients with large goiters. Several methods have been proposed to facilitate the insertion of nasogastric tubes in patients with endotracheal intubation; however, a standard insertion method has not been established. A 33-year-old man was admitted to our otolaryngology department for right thyroid lobectomy to remove a larger goiter. A thyroid computed tomography scan revealed a huge cystic mass with tracheal displacement. Although difficult intubation was expected, endotracheal intubation was performed successfully. An anesthesiologist attempted nasogastric tube insertion via the right nostril; however, this was not successful. Next, an angiography catheter was placed in a nasogastric tube, and the nasogastric tube was gently inserted with the patient’s neck in mild flexion. This attempt also failed. Finally, the nasogastric tube was gently inserted via anterior displacement of the cricoid cartilage. The nasogastric tube advanced up to 60 cm. Surgery was performed, and the patient was discharged with no complications on postoperative day 8.
Efficacy of functional magnetic stimulation in improving upper extremity function after stroke: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Liu Xuncan , Cui Yinxing , Xu Guoxing , Liu Lu , Zhang Xueru , Jiang Kun , Li Zhenlan
Published: June 2020

Objective

To clarify the efficacy of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) in improving hemiplegic upper extremity function in patients with sub-acute stroke.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 40 sub-acute stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited from inpatient wards in the Department of Rehabilitation and randomly assigned to two groups. In the FMS group, magnetic stimulation was applied to extensor muscle groups of the affected upper extremity. In the low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) group, stimulation was applied to the contralesional primary motor cortex. All patients received occupational therapy. Hand and upper extremity motor function was evaluated using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE), and the Barthel Index (BI) evaluated daily living abilities.

Results

The FMA-UE and BI scores were significantly increased in both groups following stimulation. Furthermore, a significant between-group difference was observed in both FMA-UE and BI scores after 2 weeks of therapy. In the FMS group, 6 of 19 patients regained wrist and finger extension abilities, but only 2 patients regained equivalent motor skills in the LF-rTMS group

Conclusions

FMS improves paretic upper extremity function and leads to better recovery of motor activity than LF-rTMS. FMS may be a novel modality to improve motor function.
Trends in bacterial resistance among perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer: A retrospective 20-year study at an affiliated hospital in South China
Authors: Zhou Yanlin , Zhang Tingting
Published: June 2020

Background

We aimed to analyze the epidemiological and drug-resistance trends among bacterial cultures from perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer.

Methods

Medical and bacteriological records for patients with ovarian cancer patients who developed perioperative infections after primary cytoreductive surgery from 1999 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

The incidence of perioperative infections and the culture-positive percentage among patients in the first 10 years were 20.2% and 29.3%, respectively, and the equivalent rates in the second 10 years were 18.0% and 33.5%. The most commonly isolated pathogens in both year-groups were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., but the respective percentages differed between the groups. Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. in the second 10-year group were resistant to linezolid and vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria isolates also increased in this group. However, resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to imipenem and meropenem was low among in both groups.

Conclusion

The pathogen distribution in perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive changed slightly from 1999 to 2018, and the antibiotic resistance of the main isolated pathogens increased. These results indicate the importance of periodic bacterial surveillance of surgical infections in these patients.
Ballistic performance of unidirectionally oriented carbon fiber reinforced composite armor with high-velocity impact
Authors: Kacan Yelda O , Elaldi Faruk
Published: June 2020

For the last few decades, composite materials have been more popular than other conventional metal materials in the aircraft industry. Having better mechanical properties (strength, fatigue life, impact strength, corrosion resistance, etc.) and being lighter than conventional engineering materials, composites have become very important in defense industry as well. In spite of the fact that some of the composite materials such as aramid-based composites have been effectively used in body protection, they have not been so successful in heavy armored vehicles which are generally equipped with different types of add-on armor blocks for protecting against threats. These add-on armors are mostly composed of armor steels and ceramics. This study specifically aims to investigate high-velocity impact behavior of unidirectionally oriented carbon fiber reinforced/epoxy layer sandwiched with armor steel plates that are exposed to kinetic energy projectile. Carbon fibers are normally very brittle to transverse loading direction, contrarily, to its axial tension or compression direction. This is the reason why it is claimed that this high compression strength property of carbon fibers could be used for manufacturing a layer in order to replace ceramics in add-on multilayer composite armor. In order to prove this hypothesis, an experimental analysis has been carried out by performing impact tests on these manufactured add-on armor test samples. Testing was carried out in accordance with the STANAG 4569 level-4 standard. The results indicated that the multilayer carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite–armor steel hybrid panels can provide level-4 protection with a lower areal density compared to Rolled Homogenous Armor.
Leading Employees of Different Genders: The Importance of Gender for the Leadership‒Motivation Relationship
Authors: Fjendbo Trine H.
Published: June 2020

Employee motivation is important for public organizations. However, it might not be the same kind of leadership that motivates Susan and Steve. This article examines whether the association between transformational (visionary leadership) and transactional leadership (verbal and pecuniary rewards) and employee motivation depends on the employee’s gender and gender-based traits. Based on gender differences in communal and agentic traits, pecuniary rewards are argued to motivate male/agentic employees more than female/communal employees. The opposite is argued regarding visionary leadership and verbal rewards. Analysis of 1,294 Danish high school teachers shows female teachers on average are more communal and less agentic than their male colleagues. Furthermore, female teachers, unlike male teachers, are less motivated the more pecuniary rewards they perceive. However, no other gender differences are significant, lending only partial support for gender-based differences in the leadership‒motivation relationship.
Challenges in diagnosing lead poisoning: A review of occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed cases reported in India
Authors: Mani Monica Shirley , Nayak Divyani Gurudas , Dsouza Herman Sunil
Published: June 2020

Lead is a nonessential metal which enters the body through various means and is considered as one of the most common health toxins. Several cases of lead poisoning are reported as a result of inhalation or ingestion of lead in employees working as painters, smelters, electric accumulator manufacturers, compositors, auto mechanics, and miners. In addition to occupational lead exposure, several cases of lead poisoning are reported in the general population through various sources and pathways. Innumerable signs and symptoms of lead poisoning observed are subtle and depend on the extent and duration of exposure. The objective of this review article is to discuss occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed lead poisoning cases reported in India and the associated symptoms, mode of therapy, and environmental intervention used in managing these cases. Lead poisoning cases cannot be identified at an early stage as the symptoms are very general and mimic that of other disorders, and patients might receive only symptomatic treatment. Knowledge about the various symptoms and potential sources is of utmost importance. Medical practitioners when confronted with patients experiencing signs and symptoms as discussed in this article can speculate the possibility of lead poisoning, which could lead to early diagnosis and its management.
Recurrence of First Afebrile Unprovoked Seizure and Parental Consanguinity: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Al Momani Miral A. , Almomani Basima , Hani Salar Bani , Lux Andrew
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with the recurrence of first unprovoked seizure in children.

Methods:

A retrospective, observational study was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan. Children aged from 1 month to 16 years old who attended the hospital between January 2013 to December 2017 were evaluated on the basis of medical records, from the first visit and for a 1-year follow-up period.

Results:

During the study period, a total of 290 cases with first unprovoked seizure were included. The incidence of first unprovoked seizure was 441 cases per 100 000 patient visits to the pediatric clinic. More than half of the cases developed a second attack (55.3%). Children with parental consanguinity were almost 3 times more likely to develop a second attack of seizure compared to those without parental consanguinity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.785, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.216-6.378, P = .015) and patients who had a history of focal type of seizure were almost twice as likely to develop seizure recurrence (OR = 1.798, 95% CI = 1.013-3.193, P = .045).

Conclusions:

The current results showed a high incidence of first unprovoked seizure among children in Jordan. Parental consanguinity and focal seizure were associated with the increased risk of recurrent attack. This finding highlights the need for public education regarding the outcomes of parental consanguinity to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Sticks and Stones: The Naming of Global Talent
Authors: Kirk Susan
Published: June 2020

In the workplace, demand for globally mobile workers continues to grow. This article examines the consequences for the individual of being named as global talent. Findings from a qualitative study within a large, multinational organisation, reveal the identity struggles these individuals engage in as they seek to reconcile the tensions inherent in such challenging careers. By combining and building on extant literature in naming, identity and global talent, the article offers a greater understanding of the lived experiences of global talent, as they construct and re-construct their identities in an on-going cycle. By drawing on the emerging field of socio-onomastics, a greater understanding of the meaning and connotations of being named as global talent is offered. By highlighting how names do not merely mirror identities, but are negotiated and resisted through a process of identity work, a contribution is made to the fields of identity studies and global talent management.
Comparative toxicity assessment of nano- and bulk-phase titanium dioxide particles on the human mammary gland in vitro
Authors: Kumar S , Hussain A , Bhushan B , Kaul G
Published: June 2020

There is a major concern that exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can have degrading effects on human health as well as mammary gland because of the increased use in numerous sorts of nanotech-based health care and food merchandise. Also, there is a scarcity in NP toxicity studies on the mammary gland; therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare toxicity caused by nano- and bulk-phase TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland in vitro. In comparison to bulk-TiO2 particles, nano-TiO2 cause a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation in the human mammary epithelial cells after a dose- (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µg/mL) and time (6, 12, 24, and 48 h)-dependent exposure. Further, an increase in genotoxicity in the mammary epithelial cells was observed as percent tail DNA and comet area was increased significantly ( p < 0.05) at 12 h of exposure (10 and 100 µg/mL) with nano-TiO2. The scanning electron microscopic examination showed that a 50 µg/mL dose of both nano-TiO2 and bulk-TiO2 particles cause morphological changes and retarded growth pattern of mammary epithelial cells at 12 h. Moreover, a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in apoptosis at 10 µg/mL and necrosis at 50 µg/mL concentrations of nano-TiO2 in comparison to bulk-TiO2 was observed in mammary epithelial cells. Finally, we can conclude that the toxicity caused by nano-TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland cells was comparatively higher than the bulk-TiO2 particles.
Impairment of postnatal epididymal development and immune microenvironment following administration of low doses of malathion during juvenile and peripubertal periods of rats
Authors: Erthal RP , Siervo GEML , Staurengo-Ferrari L , Fattori V , Pescim RR , Verri WA , Fernandes GSA
Published: June 2020

Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide widely used for agricultural crops and for vector control of Aedes aegypti. Humans are exposed to this environmental contaminant by ingesting contaminated food. The juvenile and peripubertal periods are critical for the postnatal development of the epididymis and are when animals are most vulnerable to toxic agents. Since juveniles and adolescents are developing under exposure to the insecticide malathion, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to low doses of malathion on postnatal epididymal development in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to malathion daily via gavage at doses of 10 mg kg−1 (M10 group) or 50 mg kg−1 (M50 group) for 40 days (postnatal days (PNDs) 25–65). The control group received the vehicle (0.9% saline) under the same conditions. On PND 40, the epididymides were removed, weighed and used for histological analysis and determination of the inflammatory profile and sperm count. Sperm from the vas deferens were subjected to sperm motility analysis. The M50 group showed tissue remodelling in the caput and cauda epididymides and increased neutrophil and macrophage migration in the caput epididymis. The M10 group showed decreased motile spermatozoa and IL-6 levels in the caput epididymis. Both doses decreased the IL-1β level and altered the morphology of the same region. These results show that malathion exposure may impair postnatal epididymal development. Furthermore, alterations of the immune system in the epididymal environment are presented as new findings regarding the action of malathion on the epididymis.
Risk Factors for the Development of Aggressive Behavior From Middle Childhood to Adolescence: The Interaction of Person and Environment
Authors: Krahé Barbara
Published: June 2020

In this article, I examine the development of aggressive behavior from middle childhood to adolescence as a result of the interaction between the person and the environment and discuss implications for intervention measures. Three main questions are addressed and illustrated by examples from recent research: What are intrapersonal risk factors for the development and persistence of aggressive behavior from middle childhood to adolescence? What factors in the social environment contribute to the development of aggressive behavior? How do individual dispositions and environmental risk factors interact to explain developmental trajectories of aggressive behavior?
Labor, Health, and Marginalization: A Culture-Centered Analysis of the Challenges of Male Bangladeshi Migrant Workers in the Middle East
Authors: Kumar Rati , Jamil Raihan
Published: June 2020

Based on the culture-centered approach, we examine the meanings of health and negotiations of health care structures among low socioeconomic status (SES) Bangladeshi male migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We engage in coconstructive problem definition and strategizing through 44 semistructured in-depth interviews/focus groups about health, migration, and well-being. Our analysis of the participants’ narratives elucidates the intersectionality of health as a lived experience of migrant labor within neoliberal structures focused on labor extraction, highlighting health not as a static or purely epidemiological construct, but as a combination of the physical, mental, spiritual, and socioeconomic material realities within which they are located. These include a recognition of the importance of interconnectedness of physical and mental well-being, drawing upon one’s cultural and familial roles and responsibilities, as well as locating health within structurally exploitative practices. Specifically, the participants articulate the absence of substantive health and labor protections that result in poor health outcomes for them.
Experimental and numerical investigation on dynamic responses of the umbrella membrane structure excited by heavy rainfall
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Wang Fan , He Ling , Deng Xiaowei , Liu Jian , Wu Yuyou
Published: June 2020

In this study, dynamic response of a typical umbrella membrane structure under heavy rainfall load is studied by experimental and numerical methods. In the experiment, heavy rainfalls of three rainfall intensities are applied to a typical umbrella membrane structure under five different tensile force levels. The dynamic responses of feature points and tensile force of cables are monitored by laser displacement sensors and digital tensimeters, respectively, during the experiment. In the numerical simulation, the membrane structural model is established in ANSYS by form-finding analysis, and the rainfall load that is calculated by the analytical formula is applied to dynamic analysis. The results of the numerical simulation and the experiment are in good agreement. According to the research results, the dynamic response laws of the umbrella membrane structure under rainstorm were obtained, and the influence of rainstorm load on the umbrella membrane structure was analyzed. Suggestions for safety and structural stability of the membrane structure are proposed.
A new isogeometric Timoshenko beam model incorporating microstructures and surface energy effects
Authors: Yin Shuohui , Deng Yang , Zhang Gongye , Yu Tiantang , Gu Shuitao
Published: June 2020

A new isogeometric Timoshenko beam model is developed using a modified couple stress theory (MCST) and a surface elasticity theory. The MCST is wildly used to capture microstructure effects that includes only one material length scale parameter, while the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity theory containing three surface elasticity constants is employed to approximate the nature of surface energy effects. A new effective computational approach is presented for the current nonclassical Timoshenko beam model based on isogeometric analysis with high-order continuity basis functions of non-uniform rational B-splines, which effectively fulfills the higher continuity requirements in MCST. To validate the new approach and quantitatively illustrate both the microstructure and surface energy effects, the numerical results obtained from the developed approach for static deflection and natural frequencies of beams are compared with the analytical results available in the literature. Numerical results reveal that both the microstructure effect and surface energy effect should be considered in very thin beams, which also explains the size-dependent behavior.
A case report of neonatal orbital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor and literature review
Authors: Li Yian , Chen Lian , Zhou Xiaohong , Gao Lu , Cai Xiaojing , Yang Chenhao , Hu Lan
Published: June 2020

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare malignant neoplasms from primitive neural crest cells. Most primitive neuroectodermal tumors occur in the central and sympathetic nervous systems. We report a Chinese newborn patient presenting a huge unilateral proptosis after birth, diagnosed as orbital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Our case is the first reported case of orbital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor diagnosed in the newborn period. The clinical manifestations, radiological findings, histopathologic, and immunohistochemistry results are described in detail. We also conducted a literature search focusing on primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the orbit. To the best of our knowledge, all articles with English abstracts were reviewed here.
Associations between specific physical activity domains and social isolation in 102,072 Brazilian adolescents: Data from the 2015 National School–Based Health Survey
Authors: dos Santos Antônio Evaldo , Araujo Raphael Henrique de Oliveira , Nascimento Víctor Matheus Santos do , Couto Josiene de Oliveira , Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the association among loneliness, number of friends, and participation in physical education classes, leisure-time physical activities, and active commuting. Data from 102,072 adolescents participating in the National School–based Health Survey aged 11–19 years were analyzed. Information about the study variables was self-reported through a questionnaire. Adolescents more active in physical education classes and leisure were less likely of having social isolation. Those more active in commuting were more likely of having social isolation. Interventions aimed at addressing social isolation in adolescence can prioritize school and leisure-time physical activities.
Application of METAP methodology for clinical ethics consultation in end-of-life care in Bulgaria
Authors: Aleksandrova-Yankulovska Silviya Stoyanova
Published: June 2020

Although clinical ethics consultation has existed for more than 40 years in the USA and Europe, it was not available in Bulgaria until recently. In introducing clinical ethics consultation into our country, the Modular, Ethical, Treatment, Allocation of resources, Process (METAP) methodology has been preferred because of its potential to be used in resource-poor settings and its strong educational function. This paper presents the results of a METAP evaluation in a hospital palliative care ward in the town of Vratsa. The evaluation was based on Beauchamp and Childress’ four principles of biomedical ethics and involves implementation of specific instruments for clinical ethics decision-making. Research tasks emphasised analyses of ethics meetings in the ward. Data were processed by SPSS v.24 using descriptive statistical analysis. Altogether, 32 ethics meetings of an average duration 20.63 min were conducted on cases involving critically ill patients. Most of the participants (86.0%) expressed satisfaction with the ethics process. The principlist approach supported resolution of conflicts between autonomous patients and their relatives, clarified definitions of “medical benefit” and “social good,” and enabled assessments of the risk of unequal treatment. Even as the specific research tasks were achieved, further participant follow-up is necessary to identify any improvement in healthcare personnel’s ethical competence. METAP worked well in end-of-life care settings. Participants experienced several benefits, including improved team communication, better understanding of patient preferences, and confidence in the correctness of decisions. Despite the significant educational potential of METAP, the need for additional and ongoing ethics training of health professionals should not be underestimated.
SVOD Global Expansion in Cross-National Comparative Perspective: Netflix in Israel and Spain
Authors: Wayne Michael L. , Castro Deborah
Published: June 2020

This article compares the processes by which Netflix entered national pay-television markets in Israel and Spain. In both contexts, Netflix first establishes itself through collaborations with over-the-top (OTT) television operators and then expands through collaborations with legacy providers. By using the perspective of cross-national comparative research, this analysis complicates the scholarly understandings of subscription video on-demand (SVOD) global expansion by drawing attention to the significance of national multichannel providers. Given the differences between the Spanish and Israeli pay-TV markets, Netflix’s similar pattern of engagement in each case highlights the value of understanding SVOD global expansion as a coherent industrial process that produces distinct, context-dependent outcomes. Ultimately, the histories of Netflix in Israel and Spain reveal that internationalization operates at a meso-level where collaborations with pay-television providers facilitate access to national audiences.