bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El lenguaje inclusivo en el discurso político español: un análisis del lenguaje de los políticos españoles antes y después de una campaña electoral
Authors:   Universidad de Estocolmo (Suecia), Lagares Carretero María del Carmen
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio analiza el lenguaje de Mariano Rajoy del Partido Popular, Pedro Sánchez del PSOE, Albert Rivera de Ciudadanos, Pablo Iglesias de Podemos y Alberto Garzón de Izquierda Unida, antes y después de las elecciones del veinte de diciembre de 2015, según seis guías feministas sobre el uso correcto del lenguaje inclusivo. Las categorías lingüísticas que se han analizado son los recursos léxicos, los recursos gramaticales y las formas de tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si los representantes políticos adecúan su discurso según el lenguaje inclusivo y si estos varían su lenguaje dependiendo de si sucede en un contexto formal o un contexto informal o si tuvieron lugar antes o después de las elecciones. El corpus está formado por discursos preelectorales que se obtienen de dos programas televisivos y por discursos postelectorales que se obtienen de sesiones plenarias en el Congreso de los Diputados. Una vez analizados, todos los discursos se comparan entre ellos para comprobar en qué momento se usa un lenguaje inclusivo y qué político hace uso de este. En los resultados se puede observar que Mariano Rajoy y Pedro Sánchez hacen uso o no del lenguaje inclusivo dependiendo del contexto y del momento de las elecciones mientras que Albert Rivera y Pablo Iglesias no usan el lenguaje inclusivo en ningún contexto ni tampoco antes y después de las elecciones. En cambio, Alberto Garzón usa el leguaje inclusivo tanto en el contexto formal como el informal y antes y después de las elecciones. Por tanto, se concluye que Alberto Garzón es el candidato que usa el lenguaje inclusivo.
Fabricating Perovskite Films for Solar Modules from Small to Large Scale
Authors: Yin Ruiyang , Wu Yuetong , Huang Zijian , Vasenko Andrey S. , Xu Shuoyang , Zhou Huanping
Published: February 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention for their high efficiency, low cost, and versatile application possibilities, which are expected to play a critical role in shaping the future of photovoltaics (PV) markets. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of large‐area PSCs still cannot meet the industrialization requirements, which are mainly associated with the unsatisfactory quality of large‐area perovskite films. This review first identifies the factors contributing to the film quality difference between small‐area and large‐area perovskite films, such as the solvent evaporation process, reaction and crystallization kinetics, etc. This results in undesired film quality for large‐area perovskites, e.g. film inhomogeneity in terms of morphology, composition, phase, crystal size, and orientation. Solvent systems are customed for different scalable preparation process based on their volatility, solubility, and coordination ability with perovskite. Furthermore, various additives are incorporated to further regulate surface tension change and intermediate phase evolution. Finally, we transition from the perovskite film level to the device level to explore the current advancements and challenges related to PCE and stability in the commercialization process.
Superior Thermally Stable Giant Piezomagnetism in Spin Frustrated Mn3Ir
Authors: Zhang Kaiqi , Ma Zhijie , Sun Ying , Shi Kewen , Wang Yuyan , Sun Qisong , Li YongJie , Deng Sihao , Cui Jin , Xia Zhengcai , Zhao Weisheng , Wang Cong
Published: February 2025

The piezomagnetic effect driven by magnetic‐strain coupling effectively generates and controls magnetization, making it pivotal for antiferromagnetic spintronics, a rapidly growing research field. However, the practical application of piezomagnetism to realize a large and stable piezomagnetic response over a wide temperature range remains a significant challenge due to the limited efficiency of magnetic‐strain coupling and thermal failure at room‐temperature. Here, the giant piezomagnetic effect in frustrated antiferromagnetic Mn₃Ir is reported for the first time, characterized by superior thermal stability and an exceptionally high Néel temperature of 950 K. The piezomagnetic coefficient of Mn3Ir reaches 0.55 µB f.u.−1 (1%), exceeding those of conventional antiferromagnetic piezomagnetic materials by an order of magnitude. Moreover, the direction of the piezomagnetic moment can be efficiently manipulated by the driving strain. The piezomagnetic effect, stable over a wide temperature range from 75 to 553 K, is attributed to a synergistic compensatory effect between the strains arising from lattice mismatch and temperature variation. These results provide a new paradigm for achieving thermally stable piezomagnetism and effectively manipulating antiferromagnetic states in variable‐temperature environments, thereby advancing spin manipulation in antiferromagnetic piezospintronics.
Branch Chain Variations Modulate Pyridine Derivative Adsorption for Long‐Life Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Xu Lei , Xue Shiyan , Jia Xinwang , Liu Renke , Wang Longyang , Tao Li , Yao Jia , Zhang Jun , Wan Houzhao , Wang Yi , Wang Hao
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), candidates for large‐scale energy storage, face limitations due to the poor reversibility of zinc anodes. It reports on pyridine derivatives with high donor characteristics, including 2‐chloro‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide (CMPI) and pyridine‐2‐acetaldoxime methyl iodide (PAMI), as effective additives. At lower concentrations, these additives markedly curtail the zinc dendrites formation and the evolution of hydrogen on the zinc anode, thereby prolonging the AZIBs life. Through a combination of theory and experiments, the impact of side‐chain groups on the kinetic process of zinc depositioni is elucidated. In contrast to PAM+, CMPI+ demonstrates enhanced adsorption and self‐assembles at the anode‐electrolyte interface, forming a barrier to free water and a protective ZnI layer via I− ion integration. This dual‐layer strategy boosts zinc plating/stripping reversibility by 100‐fold and achieves a coulombic efficiency of 99.7% in zinc–copper half‐ batteries. The findings advance the understanding of electrolyte additive structures on zinc deposition, providing a molecular framework for screening additives in aqueous metal‐ion batteries.
A Novel Mesoporous Aluminum‐Based MOF with Large Pore Volume for High Concentration Benzene Adsorption
Authors: Hu Laigang , Zhang Mengxue , Wang Weiwei , Hu Jinru , Wu Wenhao , Lin Daohui , Yang Kun
Published: February 2025

Developing large pore volume mesoporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is a reliable strategy for adsorbing high‐concentration benzene in the event of accidental leakage. Herein, a novel mesoporous Al‐based MOF, named ZJU‐928(Al), is synthesized using biphenyl‐3,4′,5‐tricarboxylic acid ligands and low toxic AlO6 cluster. It has larger pore volume (1.05 cm3 g−1), order hexagonal channel (32.10 Å), and higher specific surface area (2344 m2 g−1). As relative pressure up to 0.10, benzene adsorption of ZJU‐928(Al) rises to 9.99 mmol g−1, exhibiting an excellent saturation benzene adsorption of 11.37 mmol g−1 at 298 K. The isosteric heat of adsorption for benzene on ZJU‐928(Al) is only 24.52 kJ mol−1 at near‐zero loading, lower than that of most reported MOFs, allowing for lower energy consumption during ZJU‐928(Al) regeneration. ZJU‐928(Al) has excellent cyclical benzene adsorption‐desorption performance, and highest benzene diffusivity coefficient (2.65 × 10−5 cm2 s−1). Simulation shows that the excellent saturation benzene adsorption performance of ZJU‐928(Al) can be attributed to the larger pore volume accommodating more benzene molecules. Consequently, this research synthesizes a novel mesoporous Al‐based MOF with excellent saturation benzene adsorption, highlighting the potential of MOFs for high‐concentration toxic gas adsorption.
Directional Mushroom‐Derived Scaffold for Microenvironment Regulation in Infected Bone Defects
Authors: Yang Ganghua , Pan Hao , Wei Yuxuan , Yang Jianqiu , Zhang Zihan , Chen Shixuan , Wan Wenbing
Published: February 2025

Infected bone defects are a common clinical condition, but conventional treatments often fail to achieve the desired outcomes, including addressing antibiotic resistance and preventing nonunion complications. In the presented study, a functionalized decellularized mushroom stem scaffold is developed composed of its naturally aligned channels, Zn2+/curcumin MOFs, hydroxyapatite minerals, and icariin. In vitro, It is found that functionalized acellular mushroom stem scaffold can control bacterial infections through Zn2+/curcumin MOFs. The naturally aligned channels guide bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration, and the components adsorbed on the acellular substrate further promote the migration of BMSCs. Moreover, these functional components further accelerated the polarization of M2 macrophage and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo, the functionalized decellularized mushroom stem scaffold cleared infected bacteria within 3 days, induced extracellular matrix secretion and alignment, and promoted new bone formation to cover defects within 8 weeks. The functionalized decellularized mushroom stem scaffold provides a promising strategy for treating infectious bone defects.
Double Confinement Design to Access Highly Stable Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Fuel Cells
Authors: Tian Lin , Gao Xiaoping , Zhu Mengzhao , Huang Zixiang , Wu Bei , Chen Cai , Ma Xianhui , Ruan Yaner , Guo Wenxin , Meng Xiangmin , Wang Huijuan , Du Wubin , He Shengnan , Pan Hongge , Zheng Xusheng , Wu Zhijun , Zhou Huang , Xia Jing , Wu Yuen
Published: February 2025

Maintaining the stability of low Pt catalysts during prolonged operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) remains a substantial challenge. Here, a double confinement design is presented to significantly improve the stability of intermetallic nanoparticles while maintaining their high catalytic activity toward PEMFCs. First, a carbon shell is coated on the surface of nanoparticles to form carbon confinement. Second, O2 is introduced during the annealing process to selectively etch the carbon shell to expose the active surface, and to induce the segregation of surface transition metals to form Pt‐skin confinement. Overall, the intermetallic nanoparticles are protected by carbon confinement and Pt‐skin confinement to withstand the harsh environment of PEMFCs. Typically, the double confined Pt1Co1 catalyst exhibits an exceptional mass activity of 1.45 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V in PEMFCs tests, with only a 17.3% decay after 30 000 cycles and no observed structure changes, outperforming most reported PtCo catalysts and DOE 2025 targets. Furthermore, the carbon confinement proportion can be controlled by varying the thickness of the coated carbon shell, and this strategy is also applicable to the synthesis of double‐confined Pt1Fe1 and Pt1Cu1 intermetallic nanoparticles.
Stacking and Layer Parity Dependent Photoluminescence in ReS2
Authors: Poudyal Saroj , Barman Prahalad Kanti , Biswas Rabindra , Kravtsov Konstantin , Biswal Bubunu , Yadav Renu , Raghunathan Varun , Kruglov Ivan , Ghazaryan Davit A. , Misra Abhishek
Published: February 2025

ReS2 crystallizes in low crystal symmetry distorted triclinic (1T’) structure, and has anisotropic optical properties. Recently, two different stacking orders named as AA and AB phases, have been identified in ReS2 with distinct characteristics, such as stacking order dependent Raman shift, carrier dynamics, and second harmonic generation (SHG). However, the low crystal symmetry structure combined with different stacking sequences complicate the understanding of optical responses of this material and thus instigating the debate on interlayer coupling, number of excitonic emissions, and quantum confinement. In this work, the open questions on the optical responses of ReS2 are addressed by combining angle resolved photoluminescence (PL) at cryogenic temperatures and SHG spectroscopy on different numbers of layers of two polymorphs. Careful identification of stacking sequences allows to conclusively establish that few layer AA phase ReS2 has two excitons, while AB phase demonstrates five emission peaks. SHG and PL imaging confirm layer parity dependent optical responses for AB phase ReS2. Furthermore, bulk and few layer thick samples are found to have distinct PL, suggesting that bulk ReS2 cannot be assumed as decoupled monolayers. The findings of this study hold significance toward understanding the optical phenomena occurring in polymorphs of anisotropic 2D layered materials.
Multidimensional Engineering of Escherichia coli for Efficient Adipic Acid Synthesis From Cyclohexane
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Huiqi , Deng Di , Wu Yuanqing , Zhao Jing , Li Qian , Li Aitao
Published: February 2025

Adipic acid (AA), a key aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, is conventionally manufactured through energy‐intensive, multi‐step chemical processes with significant environmental impacts. In contrast, biological production methods offer more sustainable alternatives but are often limited by low productivity. To overcome these challenges, this study reports the engineering of a single Escherichia coli for efficient biosynthesis of AA starting from cyclohexanol (CHOL), KA oil (mixture of CHOL and cyclohexanone (CHONE)), or cyclohexane (CH). To start with, a comprehensive screening of rate‐limiting enzymes is conducted, particularly focusing on cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, followed by the optimization of protein expression using strategies such as protein fusion, promoter replacement, and genome editing. Consequently, an engineered E. coli capable of efficiently converting either KA oil or CH into AA is obtained, achieving remarkable product titers of 110 and 22.6 g L−1, respectively. This represents the highest productivity record for the biological production of AA to date. Finally, this developed biocatalytic system is successfully employed to convert different cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols with varied carbon chain lengths into their corresponding dicarboxylic acids, highlighting its great potential as well as broad applicability for industrial applications.
Deciphering the Oncogenic Landscape of Hepatocytes Through Integrated Single‐Nucleus and Bulk RNA‐Seq of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Su Huanhou , Zhou Xuewen , Lin Guanchuan , Luo Chaochao , Meng Wei , Lv Cui , Chen Yuting , Wen Zebin , Li Xu , Wu Yongzhang , Xiao Changtai , Yang Jian , Lu Jiameng , Luo Xingguang , Chen Yan , Tam Paul KH , Li Chuanjiang , Sun Haitao , Pan Xinghua
Published: February 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related mortality, while the hepatocyte mechanisms driving oncogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, single‐nucleus RNA sequencing of samples from 22 HCC patients revealed 10 distinct hepatocyte subtypes, including beneficial Hep0, predominantly malignant Hep2, and immunosuppressive Hep9. These subtypes were strongly associated with patient prognosis, confirmed in TCGA‐LIHC and Fudan HCC cohorts through hepatocyte composition deconvolution. A quantile‐based scoring method is developed to integrate data from 29 public HCC datasets, creating a Quantile Distribution Model (QDM) with excellent diagnostic accuracy (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.968‐0.982). QDM was employed to screen potential biomarkers, revealing that PDE7B functions as a key gene whose suppression promotes HCC progression. Guided by the genes specific to Hep0/2/9 subtypes, HCC is categorized into metabolic, inflammatory, and matrix classes, which are distinguishable in gene mutation frequencies, survival times, enriched pathways, and immune infiltration. Meanwhile, the sensitive drugs of the three HCC classes are identified, namely ouabain, teniposide, and TG‐101348. This study presents the largest single‐cell hepatocyte dataset to date, offering transformative insights into hepatocarcinogenesis and a comprehensive framework for advancing HCC diagnostics, prognostics, and personalized treatment strategies.
Cubic Phase‐Inducible Zwitterionic Phospholipids Improve the Functional Delivery of mRNA
Authors: Iwakawa Kazuki , Sato Rikako , Konaka Mariko , Yamada Yuma , Harashima Hideyoshi , Sato Yusuke
Published: February 2025

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically advanced delivery systems for RNA. The extensively developed structure of ionizable lipids greatly contributes to the functional delivery of mRNA. However, endosomal escape is one of the severe biological barriers that continue to render this process inefficient (e.g., less than 10%). Although LNPs contain phospholipids, their role is poorly understood, and there have been few attempts to perform the chemical engineering required to improve their functionality. Herein, a cubic phase‐inducible fusogenic zwitterionic phospholipid derived from 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐sn‐glycero‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), DOPE‐Cx is described, that is designed to correct this problem. The orientation of a zwitterionic head group of DOPE is engineered by attaching a series of hydrophobic moieties for zwitterionic intermolecular interaction with the head structure of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and this is followed by a lipid‐phase transition into non‐lamellar phases to facilitate membrane fusion‐mediated endosomal escape. A structure–activity relationship study reveals that DOPE‐Cx lipids with small hydrophobic chains induce cubic phases instead of a hexagonal phase when mixed with PC, which enhances the functional delivery of mRNA in the liver as opposed to the action of the typically utilized and naturally occurring phospholipids. Engineered functionalized phospholipids will be of great value for the therapeutic applications of mRNAs.
Linking Metastatic Behavior and Metabolic Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells at Single‐Cell Level Using an Integrative Microfluidic System
Authors: Hou Ying , Lin Jiaxu , Yao Hongren , Wu Zengnan , Lin Yongning , Lin Jin‐Ming
Published: February 2025

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are pivotal biomarkers in tumor metastasis, however, the underlying molecular mechanism of CTCs behavioral heterogeneity during metastasis remains unexplored. Here, an integrative workflow is developed to link behavior characteristics to metabolic profiling within individual CTCs, which simulates the metastatic process on a microfluidic system and combined with single‐cell mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Spheroid‐derived HCT116 cells are tracked and extracted via a temporary vascular system, revealing various arrest patterns under biomimetic vascular shear flow. Downstream MS analysis characterizes 17 cellular metabolites and associates metabolic profiles with de‐adhesion behaviors of the same CTCs, identifying a potential high‐metastatic subpopulation with enhanced arrest ability and evaluating critical metabolites involved in metastasis pathways. Additionally, the metastasis‐inhibiting effect of anti‐tumor drug 5‐fluorouracil by reducing high‐metastatic cells in spheroids is elucidated. This approach offers a valuable opportunity to dissect the interplay of the metastatic behavior and metabolic profiles of CTCs and foster insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioral phenotypes in the tumor metastasis process.
Fam172a Mediates the Stimulation of Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurons to Suppress Obesity‐Induced Anxiety
Authors: Wan Baocheng , Zhang Lina , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Rong , Li Lianxi , Zhang Yi , Chen Zhuo , Hu Cheng
Published: February 2025

Anxiety disorder is the most common mental disorder worldwide. Although human studies have demonstrated a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorder, the exact mechanism linking these conditions is unclear. Interestingly, oxytocin (Oxt) neurons, predominantly expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), play a crucial role in both obesity and anxiety. In this study, obesity can induce anxiety‐like behavior in mice, which can be ameliorated by the activation of PVN Oxt neurons. Conversely, inhibiting PVN Oxt neurons accelerate the progression of anxiety. Moreover, the family with sequence similarity 172, member A (Fam172a), an anxiety susceptibility gene, is highly expressed in the hypothalamic PVN Oxt neuron but reduce in the PVN Oxt neuron of mice in the high‐fat diet and acute restraint stress conditions. Significantly, overexpression of Fam172a in PVN Oxt neurons improve obesity‐anxiety‐like behavior in mice. In contrast, disruption of Fam172a in PVN Oxt neurons exacerbate obesity‐anxiety‐like behavior. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Fam172a is involved in mRNA degradation in Oxt neurons by regulating the intranuclear transport of Argonaute 2, thereby influencing Oxt secretion and ultimately impacting obesity‐anxiety‐like behavior. These findings suggest that Fam172a serves as a key target of PVN Oxt neurons in the regulation of obesity‐induced anxiety.
Designing Ultra‐Narrow‐Band Red Phosphor via Oxygen Vacancy Engineering for Transparent Display Application
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Yi , Yang Hang , Sun Jinxuan , Su Fuyan , Liao Hanrui , Zou Hua , Li Mingrui , Li Guogang
Published: February 2025

Narrow‐band red phosphors have been crucial in enabling energy‐efficient and wide color gamut display technologies. Developing novel red phosphors with narrower FWHM and suitable positions is still an urgent demand. Herein, a nanorod‐shaped Nb2O5:Pr3+ phosphor, featuring a single ultra‐narrow‐band red emission at 612 nm with FWHM of only 19 nm, is reported. The single narrow‐band is associated with oxygen vacancies, which can influence the electron–hole recombination energy. Besides, the intensity of PL spectra presents anti‐thermal properties and achieves an unexpected 12.5‐fold enhancement from 80 to 280 K. Detailed structural analyses, optical measurements, and DFT calculation are used to investigate abnormal photophysical processes. It canbe found that VO1 has the lowest Eform of 0.70 eV and the electron localization area around the Pr atom enlarges and presents the biggest distortion as VO1 appears. The energy transfer from oxygen vacancies to the luminescent center accounts for the large enhancement. At last, the fabricated transparent display screen presents a transparency of 50% and high color purity (98%), and the LED device shows a large color gamut. These findings advance the understanding of the relationship between luminescent properties and oxygen vacancies, inspiring more design of narrow‐band red phoshors for display applications.
Ultra‐fast and selective recycling of gold from electronic waste based on triiodide ionic liquids
Authors: Yin Xiaolu , Liu Ronghao , Yue Ying , Li Jun , Yang Yanzhao
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a pioneering application of triiodide ionic liquids (ILs) for the efficient and sustainable recovery of gold (Au) from real‐world, various types of electronic wastes. Our method significantly reduces both environmental impact and reagent expenses, while operating under mild conditions. This technique is ideal for practical applications given its ultra‐fast leaching (5 min) and room temperature (35°C) reaction conditions, leading to an unprecedented 11‐fold enhancement in the reaction kinetics relative to aqua regia. Notably, more than 99.3% of Au from e‐waste can be selectively dissolved while excluding non‐target elements like Cu. Compared with conventional dissolution‐extraction processes, our method facilitates the process into a single step. Additionally, the triiodide ILs can be reused for up to six cycles, and have an impressive economic output–input ratio of 1969%, which demonstrates promising technoeconomic feasibility. This approach provides a valuable strategy for profit‐efficient management of e‐waste, promoting a circular economy.
Xenon Trioxide Coordination Complexes of Crown Ethers: (CH2CH2O)4XeO3, and Xe(VI) Hydrates [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]∙H2O and [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]2∙2H2O∙HF
Authors: Marczenko Katherine M. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Goettel James T. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: February 2025

Following our report of the first coordination complex between a noble‐gas compound and a crown ether, (CH2CH2O)5XeO3, the reactions and structures of XeO3 complexes with 12‐crown‐4 and 18‐crown‐6 were investigated. The reactions of 12‐crown‐4 and 18‐crown‐6 with XeO3 in dilute aqueous HF solutions yielded (CH2CH2O)4XeO3 and [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]2∙2H2O∙HF, whereas reactions of 12‐crown‐4 and 18‐crown‐6 in acetone solutions with moist solid XeO3 yielded (CH2CH2O)4XeO3 and [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]∙H2O. The (CH2CH2O)4XeO3 and [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]∙H2O complexes are air‐stable and shock‐insensitive, whereas [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]2∙2H2O∙HF is a treacherous, shock‐sensitive detonator. Low‐temperature X‐ray crystal structures show that XeO3 is coordinated to the crown ether and H2O through short Xe‐‐‐O contacts. Mappings of the XeO3 Hirshfeld surfaces onto 12‐crown‐4 and 18‐crown‐6 in (CH2CH2O)4XeO3 and [(CH2CH2O)6(H2O)XeO3]∙H2O reveal regions of negative electrostatic potential (EP) on the oxygen atoms of the crown ethers and regions of high positive EP on the Xe(VI) atom of XeO3 that are consistent with σ‐hole bonds. The calculated gas‐phase geometries, Wiberg bond valences and indices, and empirical bond valences corroborate the descriptions of the shortest Xe‐‐‐Ocrown/H2O contacts as σ‐hole bonds. The 12‐crown‐4, 15‐crown‐5, and 18‐crown‐6 complexes of XeO3 are also compared with the X‐ray crystal structures and calculated gas‐phase structures of their SbF3 and SbCl3 analogues.
Fabrication of Magnetic Core‐Shell Fe3O4@MnO2@polydopamine Composite for High‐Performance Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhu Peining , Ma Yong , Gao Yufei
Published: February 2025

The composite material featuring a magnetic core‐shell structure, designated as Fe3O4@MnO2@polydopamine (PDA), has been synthesized for the purpose of eliminating methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions. This composite is characterized by the hydrothermal assembly of densely packed manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets onto Fe3O4 microspheres, resulting in a significant enhancement of the composite's specific surface area. The encapsulated PDA exhibits a significant presence of nitrogen and oxygen elements, which serve as active sites for dye adsorption. At a temperature of 298.15 K, the adsorption capacities for MB and MG are measured at 50.17 and 48.73 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, at 308.15 K, the adsorption efficiencies for MB and MG are recorded at 98.55% and 97.84%, respectively. The test results indicate that the adsorption behavior is characterized as chemisorption. Furthermore, it adheres to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model across various temperatures. The overall process is identified as a spontaneous endothermic reaction, with the rate primarily influenced by micropore diffusion and the equilibrium adsorption associated with intraparticle diffusion. Following the desorption treatment, Fe3O4@MnO2@PDA continues to exhibit effective adsorption capabilities for MB and MG dyes, indicating significant practical application potential.
Mechanically Strong and Thermally Insulating Polyimide Aerogels by Homogeneity Reinforcement of Aluminum Oxide Cluster
Authors: Fu Shihao , Sun Chang , Han Lixin , Li Zhiqiang , Guo Shuai , Li Guangbin , Long Zhu
Published: February 2025

High‐performance thermal insulation is critically needed in applications where heat transfer must be substantially minimized. Traditional insulating materials, whether organic or inorganic, often suffer from thermal instability or mechanical fragility. Herein, we introduce a series of lightweight, highly porous polyimide/aluminum oxide cluster (PI/AlOC) composite aerogels that exhibit superior thermal insulation properties, achieved through freeze‐drying and thermal imidization processes. The aluminum oxide clusters serve as cross‐linking agents, enhancing the interaction between polyimide molecular chains and endowing the composite with improved structural integrity and mechanical robustness, as evidenced by a compression modulus of 8.7 MPa, six‐fold greater than that of pure PI aerogels. Moreover, the high porosity, reduced pore size, and three‐dimensional network structure of the PI/AlOC composite aerogel confer exceptional thermal insulation performance, particularly at elevated temperatures, surpassing that of commercial thermal insulation materials. Thus, the PI/AlOC composite aerogels, with their high mechanical strength and outstanding thermal insulation, are promising for practical applications in thermal insulation.
Potential Anti‐Filarial Molecules Against ATP Binding Site of MurE Enzyme: A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Approach to Combat Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Prabhu Dhamodharan , Dharshini Muthu Krishnan Dhivya , Rajamanikandan Sundararaj , Padmavathi Alwar Ramanujam , Velusamy Palaniyandi , Gopinath Subash C. B.
Published: February 2025

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito‐borne disease caused by parasitic nematodes Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti. The drugs available are effective in several cases, and the absence of vaccination is the crucial factor hindering the elimination of LF. The UDP‐N‐acetylmuramoyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐glutamate‐2,6‐diaminopimelate ligase (MurE) plays an important role in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis of Wolbachia endosymbiont B. malayi, which are reported to be a vital drug target for bacterial and endosymbiotic hosts. Thus, we selected the ATP binding cavity of MurE as the potential site to screen inhibitors. The MurE structure was modeled using AlphaFold due to the absence of an experimental structure. Structure‐based screening identified five potent phytochemicals targeting the ATP binding site with higher Glide scores and affinity. The top five phytochemicals CID 311, CID 445713, CID 441626, CID 39077, and CID 10814 showed a docking score of −16.812, −16.117, −15.668, −15.324, and −13.442 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, the molecular dynamics simulations depicted the binding stability of the phytochemical inhibitors bound to the MurE complex. Moreover, ADME assessment and Density Functional Theory analyses of the predicted compounds have shown acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and high reactivity with the drug target of MurE.
A 3D Bioprinted Gelatine‐Based Bilayer Hydrogel Dressing Loaded With Curcumin and Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride With Antibacterial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidative Properties
Authors: Feng Zijiao , Liu Jiaqi , Lu Yueqi , Ma Hailin , Cheng Yuen Yee , Xu Jie , Guan Yanchun , Pan Bo , Song Kedong
Published: February 2025

Skin wound repair, a highly integrated and overlapping complex process, is susceptible to infection, excessive inflammation, high oxidative stress, which can prolong the wound healing time or even lead to chronic wound. Meanwhile, single‐layer hydrogels are unavoidably dehydrated usually due to water evaporation, which is not conducive to wound healing. Therefore, a bilayer hydrogel dressing composed of gelatin (G) and sodium alginate (A) loaded with ciprofloxacin (C) and curcumin (Cur) was manufactured by extrusion 3D bioprinting technology in this study, which is denoted as GACCur. The experimental results showed that the bilayer hydrogel loaded with 50 µg/mL of Cur (GACCur50) had excellent antibacterial properties and high antioxidative activity with a 54.35 ± 0.48% DPPH scavenging ratio. In addition, this GACCur50 bilayer hydrogel exhibited the capacity to mitigate the polarization of inflammatory cells toward pro‐inflammatory states, observably reducing the expression of pertinent pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the bilayer hydrogel dressing also showed good biocompatibility as assessed by live‐dead fluorescent staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and CCK‐8 test. Therefore, the GACCur50 bilayer hydrogel dressing is promising for wound healing.
Kalanchoe crenata Haw. (Crassulacea) Decreases Hippocampal Neuron Loss and Improves Memory and Executive Function in Aged Rats: Implications for Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms
Authors: Kandeda Antoine Kavaye , Mezui Christophe , Kengni Sandry , Baldagai Ndeva , Mabou Symphorien Talom
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that alters learning and memory processes. Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae) has long been used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat hypertension, malaria, and dementia. The present study aims to evaluate the anti‐amnesic effect of an aqueous extract of K. crenata in D‐galactose‐treated rats and possible mechanisms of action.

Methods

Memory impairment was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of D‐galactose (350 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days. At the end of the procedure, the animals were assessed for memory impairment using Morris water maze and object recognition tasks. Animals with memory impairment were divided into six groups of eight rats each and treated once daily for 24 days as follows: the negative control group received per os distilled water (10 mL/kg); the positive control group received donepezil (2 mg/kg, p.o.); and three test groups received the extract of K. crenata (62, 124, and 248 mg/kg, p.o.). A group of eight rats was added and served as a control group. After completion of the procedure, the memory deficit in rats was reassessed by the object recognition test on Day 15 of the treatment, the Morris water maze test on Day 18, and the open‐field test on Day 24. At the end of behavioral experiments, the animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters in the hippocampus were estimated. In addition, histological analysis of the hippocampus was performed.

Results

K. crenata significantly decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time spent in the target quadrant of the Morris water maze. It also increased the discrimination index during the object recognition test. The extract significantly reversed D‐galactose‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This was confirmed by the attenuation of neuronal loss.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that K. crenata extract possesses an anti‐amnesic‐like effect probably mediated by antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill (JKZP) Alleviates Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion‐Induced Hippocampal Synaptic Damage via S100A10/tPA/BDNF Pathway
Authors: Wu Qiaolan , Zhou Yang , Ou Chunxue , Gao Zu , Wu Xiaolin , Zhao Yue , Wang Yuan , Wu Zhichun , Yu Huayun
Published: February 2025

Aims

To evaluate the effects of Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill (JKZP) on rats with ischemic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The components of JKZP were analyzed using Q‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The MCI rat model was prepared through gradual bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The cognitive function, hippocampal pathological lesions, dendritic spine damage, synapse‐related, and S100 calcium‐binding protein A10 (S100A10)/tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway‐associated molecules alterations were measured. Primary hippocampus neurons were subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury, and JKZP‐containing serum was utilized for treatment. Lentiviral‐infected neurons were constructed with S100A10 knockdown using RNAi technology to investigate whether JKZP exerted its anti‐MCI effects via S100A10/tPA/BDNF pathway.

Results

A total of 64 major components, including β‐asarone, ferulic acid, loganin, senkyunolide H, and cryptotanshinone, were identified by Q‐Orbitrap HRMS technology. JKZP had a notable impact on enhancing the cognitive abilities of rats with MCI. JKZP reduced the damage to the hippocampal CA1 region neuron and synaptic structure, reversed the decrease in dendritic spines, and increased the expressions of synapse‐associated proteins such as synaptophysin (SYN), growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). Furthermore, JKZP treatment dramatically reduced the ratio of protein of BDNF (proBDNF)/mature BDNF (mBDNF) by activating S100A10/tPA, which was confirmed in primary hippocampus neurons in vitro. Moreover, sh‐S100A10 tremendously mitigated the inhibitory action of JKZP on OGD/R‐mediated synapse injury, decreased the activity of tPA, and thus improved the downstream pathway targets’ ratio, proBDNF/mBDNF.

Conclusions

These results manifested that JKZP promoted neurological recovery after chronic cerebral ischemia by alleviating synaptic damage and activating the S100A10/tPA/BDNF pathway, thereby providing a novel perspective and a solid foundation against MCI.
Multi‐Objective Dynamic Registry Provisioning in Edge Computing Infrastructures
Authors: Roges Lucas , Ferreto Tiago
Published: February 2025

The rise of mobile devices and IoT sensors has led to the development of latency‐sensitive, data‐oriented, and resource‐intensive applications. These devices often lack sufficient processing and storage capabilities, but cloud computing can provide the necessary support. However, the distance to cloud data centers causes communication delays. Edge computing addresses this by bringing computational resources closer to users, and improving latency and bandwidth. Container‐based virtualization further enhances QoS and QoE due to its lightweight nature, enabling faster application provisioning and reduced resource overhead. Despite these benefits, container provisioning faces significant overhead during content downloads from registries. Existing solutions often focus only on reducing provisioning time, neglecting critical metrics like latency and resource usage. Some approaches use complex techniques like registry migration, which can harm network utilization. We introduce MODyn, a multi‐objective dynamic provisioning strategy for container registries. MODyn allocates container registries to edge servers based on infrastructure analysis, eliminating the need for resource migration. Our evaluation shows that MODyn balances provisioning time, latency, and resource usage, optimizing container‐based application deployment in edge computing.
Multifluoro‐modification Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Thermal Stability of Bis(imino)pyridylcobalt Chlorides for Linear Polyethylene
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Zahra , Zhang Qiuyue , Wang Quanchao , Ashfaq Ali Muhammad , Liang Tongling , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: February 2025

The multifluoro‐modified aniline, 2,6‐bis[bis(4‐ﬂuorophenyl)methyl]‐4‐trifluoromethoxy‐phenylamine, is meticulously synthesized and utilized to form a series of bis(imino)pyridine derivatives. These derivatives react with cobalt chloride to give six bis(imino)pyridylcobalt (II) complexes (alkyl: 2,6‐dimethyl Co1; 2,6‐diethyl Co2; 2,6‐diisopropyl Co3; 2,4,6‐trimethyl Co4; 2,6‐diethyl‐4‐methyl Co5; 2,6‐bis[bis(4‐ﬂuorophenyl)methyl]‐4‐trifluoromethoxy Co6). High activity and good thermal stability in ethylene polymerization are achieved by these cobalt complexes in the presence of MAO or MMAO. Notably, superior polymerization results are observed in n‐hexane compared to toluene with peak activity reaching 1.55 × 107 g (PE) mol‐1 (Co) h‐1 at 70 oC in n‐hexane. Moreover, the resulting polyethylenes are highly linear, featuring vinyl terminal group, and exhibit a wide range of molecular weights (Mw: 22.5‒285 kg mol‐1) along with high melting points (Tm > 127.3 oC).
Design of Direct Synthesis–Based Cascaded PI Controller for PMSM Drive With Improved Nonlinear Disturbance Observer
Authors: Savarn Anurag , Verma Vimlesh , Nishat Anwar Md.
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the design of a disturbance observer–based control technique to improve the robustness and speed tracking performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive under external load disturbances and machine parameter variation. PI controller in a cascaded fashion is used in both the loops for current and speed control. The parameters of the controller are designed using a linearized model of PMSM by direct‐synthesis approach. Generally, the drive's performance is degraded in the presence of disturbances, so an enhanced nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed by using a nonlinear design function to improve the antidisturbance performance. The proposed disturbance observer effectively estimates lumped disturbances and feeds them forward for compensation. The suggested control technique is tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and its efficacy has been validated by experimental demonstration on a laboratory‐based setup of PMSM drive with d‐SPACE 1104. The comparative results with PI and internal model controller (IMC) under various scenarios of load torque disturbances are analyzed to prove the superiority of the proposed control technique.
Optimized Efficient Predefined Time Adaptive Neural Network for Identifying Parameters in Quantum Bit Error Rate
Authors: Ilakkiaselvan D. , Kavitha R. J.
Published: February 2025

An Optimized Efficient Predefined Time Adaptive Neural Network for Identifying Parameters in Quantum Bit Error Rate (EPTANN‐IP‐QBER) is proposed in this manuscript. Here, the input signals are gathered from 6G wireless networks that face obstacles channel. To execute this, the High‐Level Target Navigation Pigeon‐Inspired Optimization (HLTNPIO) is used to extend the maximum transmission distances and improve the secret key rates of input signals. Then, improved secret key rates input signals are fed to EPTANN for effectively identifying the parameters such as laser linewidth, channel dispersion, decoy states, error correction rate, privacy amplification efficiency, eavesdropping detection, scalability, and photon encoding optimization in quantum bit error rates (QBERs). Generally, EPTANN does not adapt any optimization approaches to determine optimal parameters to identify the parameters in QBER. Hence, the Snow Avalanches Algorithm (SAA) is employed to optimize the EPTANN, which accurately identifies the parameter in QBER reduction. The proposed EPTANN‐IP‐QBER is implemented in Python. The performance metrics, like accuracy, precision, secure key rate, QBER, transmission distance, and computational time, are analyzed. The performance of the EPTANN‐IP‐QBER approach attains 20.25%, 18.36%, and 23.28% lower QBER; 29.56%, 19.42%, and 27.74% higher accuracy; and 16.21%, 20.26%, and 26.96% higher precision when analyzed to the existing methods: Millimeter‐Waves to Terahertz SISO along MIMO Continuous‐Variable Quantum Key Distribution (TSISO‐MIMO‐VQKD), MIMO Terahertz QKD utilizing Restricted Eavesdropping (MIMO‐QKD‐URE), and single‐emitter quantum key distribution more than 175 km of fiber by optimized finite key rates (SEQKD‐FKR) methods, respectively.
Low Genetic Diversity and Complex Population Structure in Black Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a Key Amazonian Predator
Authors: Thomas Alizée , Sylvain François‐Étienne , Normandeau Eric , Leroux Nicolas , Holland Aleicia , Val Adalberto Luis , Derome Nicolas
Published: February 2025

The black piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a widely spread species in the rivers of the Amazon basin, plays a vital role as both key predator and important prey. Despite its essential contribution to ecosystem stability, there is a lack of information regarding its genetic diversity and population dynamics in the central Amazon region. As the Amazon continues to undergo environmental changes in the context of growing anthropogenic threats, such knowledge is fundamental for assist in the conservation of this species. This study is the first to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of S. rhombeus in the central Amazon region using high‐resolution genomic data. We employed a Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing approach with 248 samples across 14 study sites from various tributaries, encompassing diverse water types (black, white, and clear water) and characterized by 34 physiochemical parameters. The data reveals low diversity accompanied by pronounced signs of inbreeding in half of the sites and robust genetic differentiation and variation among sites and within‐sites. Surprisingly, we also found evidence of higher dispersal capacity than previously recognized. Our analysis exposed a complex and high population structure with genetic groups exclusive to some sites. Gene flow was low and some groups presented ambiguous genealogical divergence index (gdi) signals, suggesting the occurrence of potential cryptic species. Moreover, our results suggest that the population structure of black piranha appears more influenced by historical events than contemporary factors. These results underscore the need to give greater attention to this keystone species, for which no regulatory framework or conservation strategies is presently in effect.
Organ perfusion pressure predicts outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients
Authors: Bocchino Pier Paolo , Frea Simone , Sacco Alice , Bertaina Maurizio , Pappalardo Federico , Tavazzi Guido , Morici Nuccia , Angelini Filippo , Garatti Laura , Briani Martina , Sorini Dini Carlotta , Villanova Luca , Gallone Guglielmo , Ravera Amelia , Bertoldi Letizia , Corsini Anna , Maj Giulia , Potena Luciano , Camporotondo Rita , Colombo Costanza Natalia Julia , Montisci Andrea , Oliva Fabrizio , Iannaccone Mario , D'Ettore Nicoletta , Valente Serafina , Pagnesi Matteo , Metra Marco , Marini Marco , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria
Published: February 2025

Aims

The diagnosis of cardiogenic shock (CS) relies upon signs and/or symptoms of end‐organ hypoperfusion. The combination of hypoperfusion and systemic congestion identifies patients at particularly high risk. This study evaluated organ perfusion pressure (OPP), calculated as mean arterial pressure minus invasive central venous pressure, as a predictor of outcomes in CS.

Methods and results

All consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction‐related CS (AMI‐CS) or acutely decompensated heart failure‐related CS (ADHF‐CS) enrolled in the multicentre Altshock‐2 registry between January 2020 and November 2023 were included. The primary outcome was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality. Overall, 316 patients were included (mean age: 64 ± 13 years, 62 [20%] female, median left ventricular ejection fraction: 22% [interquartile range, IQR 15–30%], 261 [85.9%] SCAI stage C or worse, median OPP at presentation: 57.0 mmHg [IQR 47.0–69.8 mmHg]). A total of 117 (37%) patients died during the hospitalization. Low OPP (i.e. <57.0 mmHg) was associated with significantly higher in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.757, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.208–2.556, p = 0.003), whereas low mean arterial pressure alone was not (HR 1.323, 95% CI 0.901–1.941, p = 0.153). After multivariable adjustment for significant clinical data available at first bedside assessment (age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score), low OPP still predicted significantly higher in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (HR per mmHg decrease: 1.016, 95% CI 1.004–1.029, p = 0.010). Low OPP appeared particularly powerful in predicting higher in‐hospital all‐cause mortality among ADHF‐CS patients (HR 3.172, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

In this multicentre, observational, prospective study on patients hospitalized for CS, lower OPP on admission was associated with significantly higher in‐hospital all‐cause mortality.
Efficient Synthesis of Indolyl Benzo[b]carbazoles via Surfactant‐Type Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cyclization of Ortho‐Formylarylketones with Indoles
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Tianxing , Jin Hui , Zhang Lixin
Published: February 2025

The surfactant‐type Brønsted acid‐catalyzed multi‐component cascade reaction of ortho‐formylarylketones with indoles was investigated in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of indolyl benzo[b]carbazoles. The reaction was carried out in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, which was initiated by two consecutive nucleophilic additions of indoles to the aldehyde group of ortho‐formylarylketones, followed by a Friedel−Crafts‐type cyclization and dehydrative aromatization. This protocol afforded the desired products in good yields under mild conditions and demonstrated a broad substrate scope.