bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed the regulatory mechanisms of lignan synthesis in Polygonatum
Authors: Shi Guangdi , Wan Xiaolin , Xiao Qiang
Published: October 2024

The genus Polygonatum is an essential resource for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). To investigate the molecular mechanism of lignan biosynthesis in Polygonatum sibiritumRed and Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of these two plants. Seventeen lignans were detected a total of 17 lignans. Among them,Cycloolivil-6-O-glucoside,Matairesinol-4,4'-di-O-glucoside,5'-Methoxyisolariciresitnol-9'-O-glucoside,Syringaresinol,Syringaresinol-4'-O-glucoside,Isolariciresinol-9'-O-glucoside, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-glucoside, Pinoresinol and Eleutheroside E were reported in the genus Polygonatum for the first time. Transcriptome sequencing identified 75 genes related to the lignin biosynthesis pathway belonging to 12 classes of transcription factor families, among which genes from the SET, C2H2, and GARP-G2-like families were dominant in lignin biosynthesis. In addition, a family of transcription factors such as SET, GARP-G2-like, C2H2, Trihelix, SWI/SNF-BAF60b, PHD, FAR1, C3H, AP2/ERF-ERF, and BES1 were found to have essential roles in lignin biosynthesis by combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses. This study lays the foundation for an in-depth understanding of Polygonatum lignan biosynthesis and metabolic mechanisms. This has significant reference value for the future cloning of critical genes for lignans and the selection and breeding of Polygonatumgermplasm resources with high lignan content.
Potential distribution modeling and future perspectives for neotropical snakes of the genus Oxyrhopus
Authors: Quintana Paola De la , Solé Mirco
Published: October 2024

Recent increase in research on the genus Oxyrhopus, which comprises 15 species distributed throughout the entire Neotropical region. Although presence data is available, the potential distribution and temporal stability of these species remain underexplored areas. Understanding the impacts of climate change and the need to identify effective conservation measures is crucial. In this study, the future scenarios of the IPCC are examined, projecting changes up to 2061-2080, using optimistic (SSP2), intermediate (SSP3), and pessimistic (SSP5) scenarios. The use of maximum entropy models to predict the distribution of these snakes both in the present and in the future is emphasized. Available data records from the internet, scientific articles, and museum data were employed, filtered by species, resulting in 6,413 records for model creation. The potential distribution of 14 out of the 15 species of the genus Oxyrhopus was successfully calculated, using specific bioclimatic parameters for each one. Our findings represent the first potential distribution models for Oxyrhopus species. Most species exhibit wide distributions that could be maintained over time according to future scenarios. However, some populations are not represented in the models, suggesting a risk due to suboptimal conditions in the future.
M1 macrophage membrane-functionalized nanovesicles for free radical-medicated chemotherapy against liver cancer
Authors: Wang Feiran , Xue Qiang , Xu Xiaodong , Liu Xiancheng , Liu Tianqing
Published: October 2024

Free radical chemistry including free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has received a great deal of attention for cancer treatment due to their ability to produce excessive free radicals, leading to cancer cell death. In this study, we developed M1 macrophage membrane-coated MnO2-silica loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and a nitric oxide (NO) donor (M1@MS/MnO2/DOX/NO) to enhance therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Specifically, superoxide anion O2•− produced from DOX reacted with NO to form ONOO − for RNS-mediated treatment. Meanwhile, Mn2+ produced from the MnO2 layer under a reductive microenvironment functioned as a catalyst to transform endogenous H2O2 into the highly toxic ·OH to achieve ROS-mediated treatment. Our results demonstrated that this novel combination of reactive species therapy synergistically improved the therapeutic efficiency against liver cancer, leading to a significant reduction of cancer cell proliferation, as well as in vivo tumor growth.
Circumvention of Hepato-toxicity of Paracetamol by Co-administering with Flavonoids in the treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: kukkala sai priyanka , Gran G Srikar
Published: October 2024

Objectives
The objective of present study is to develop novel pharmaceutical dosage form to reduce the hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol when induced in higher doses in treatment of Osteoarthritis. The effect of Quercetin in controlling paracetamol toxicity was planned to be studied by conducting in vivo studies on rats for 21days1. The outcome of the present study is to show that Quercetin shows high impact in reducing the hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol due to release of toxic metabolite NAPQI by cytochrome P-450 during metabolism process.
Materials and methods
Rats were treated with Paracetamol in combination with different dose strengths of quercetin, and with silymarin as standard.
Results
Quercetin is given in doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg body weight. with paracetamol lowered the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, DB, and TB while restoring albumin & total protein levels to normal in a dose-varying way in comparison to the toxic control. Histopathology of liver and kidney were done for cell necrosis2. Chrsyin therapy at low doses resulted in a modest recovery from necrosis, vacuolization, inflammation, and fatty alterations. Moderate recovery from necrosis, vacuolization, lipid alterations, and inflammation was observed with medium dose therapy3. Treatment at a high dose maintained the liver's natural architecture.
Conclusion
The current study found that Quercetin inhibits the CYP2E1 mediated metabolism, as a result reduces the formation of toxic metabolite NAPQI by suppressing the liver and kidney biomarkers4. Hence reducing the liver toxicity
Unsteady Cavity Pressure Distribution Recovery for Underwater Axisymmetric Body via Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yu-bo , He Zhen-min , Gao Qi , Chu Xue-sen , Deng Jian , Shao Xue-ming
Published: October 2024

The underwater launch of an axisymmetric body involves complex cavity-structure interactions. Studying the evolution of cavity pressure around an axisymmetric body is crucial for researching its motion stability. In this work, we propose a deep neural network model for cavity pressure distribution recovery, called CPDR-net. This model can reconstruct the full-domain distribution of surface pressure based solely on the local pressure distribution. The CPDR-net model was trained using numerical simulation data with different launch depths and initial velocities, and subsequently tested on two simulation datasets under new conditions. Results demonstrated that CPDR-net can accurately predict the pressure distribution along each longitudinal line of the axisymmetric body and provide the pressure evolution over time for each point on the surface. Thus, we can obtain the evolution of surface pressure distribution throughout the entire voyage process based on the CPDR-net model. The findings from this study may provide a valuable reference for subsequent research on underwater launches.
Dynamics of Southern Hemisphere Super Gyre Response to External Forcings
Authors: Liu Jianyu , Luo Yiyong , Liu Fukai , Yang Jason
Published: October 2024

The subtropical gyres in the Southern Hemisphere are interlinked through the Tasman and Agulhas Leakages and extend throughout the mid-latitude ocean basins of all major oceans. This vast ocean circulation system is called the Southern Hemisphere Super Gyre (SHSG). Previous studies have found a significant strengthening and poleward shift of the SHSG in recent decades. By analyzing multi-member ensembles from the Canadian Earth System Model and the Community Earth System Model, as well as a multi-model ensemble from the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project, this study investigates the relative contributions of greenhouse gas, aerosol, and ozone depletion forcings to changes in the SHSG since the 1950s. Results show that the strengthening and poleward shift of the SHSG have been dominated by the greenhouse gas forcing, which induces an intensification and poleward shift of the westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere, leading to a southward migration of the zero wind stress curl line and an increase in the positive wind stress curl over the southern SHSG. In contrast, the ozone depletion forcing plays a secondary role in changing the SHSG because its effect on the westerlies is further south than the greenhouse gas forcing. The aerosol forcing has little influence on the SHSG due to its weak effect on the winds in the Southern Hemisphere. The dominance of changes in wind stress curl is further validated through a set of partially coupled experiments in which the contribution of buoyancy and wind stress forcings are separated.
Predicting the Optimal Insulin Dose and Controlling the Blood Glucose Levels with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Symeonidis Panagiotis , Rizos Evangelos C. , Sotiriou Dimosthenis , Zanker Markus
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the critical challenge of predicting future insulin dosages for diabetic patientsin Intensive Care Units (ICUs), a setting where precise glycemic control is crucial. The work proposes aunique methodology that sidesteps the complications associated with traditional glucose-insulin interactionmodels, due to data sparsity. We introduce a simplified version of Bergman’s Insulin-Glucose Interaction Modeland construct an extended dataset based on the MIMIC III database. This dataset includes 870 predictivefeatures encompassing demographic data, prior insulin administrations, and average glucose levels. The paperalso introduces a Reinforcement Learning approach, utilizing Deep Q-Learning, to optimize both the thetraining population and the feature selection for individualized predictions. We found that our CompositeMultilinear Regression Model algorithm outperforms the single-patient regression model in terms of MeanAbsolute Error (MAE). Specifically, the MAE values for the Type I and Type II Diabetic groups were 2.33 and3.68, respectively, significantly better than the single-patient regression model. The work contributes a novelapproach to insulin dose prediction, offering a promising pathway for more effective glucose management inICU settings.
Charging ahead: Firm-level optimisation strategies for sustainable and cost-effective electric vehicle workplace charging
Authors: Seger Marcel , Brand Christian , Clement Christoph , Dixon James , Wilson Charlie
Published: October 2024

Expanding electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is essential for transitioning to an electrified mobility system. With rising EV adoption rates, firms face increasing regulatory pressure to build up workplace charging facilities for their employees. However, the impact of EV charging loads on businesses’ specific electricity consumption profiles remains largely unknown. Our study addresses this challenge by presenting a mathematical optimisation model, available via an open-source web application, that empowers business executives to manage energy consumption effectively, enabling them to assess peak loads, charging costs, and carbon emissions specific to their power profiles and employee needs. Using real-world data from a global car manufacturer in South East England, UK, we demonstrate that smart charging strategies can reduce peak loads by 28% and decrease charging costs and emissions by 9% compared to convenience charging. Our methodology is widely applicable across industries and geographies, offering data-driven insights for planning EV workplace charging infrastructure.
A Single Amino Acid Mutation Alters the Neutralization Epitopes in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein
Authors: Oraby Ahmed K. , Stojic Aleksandra , Elawar Farah , Bilawchuk Leanne M. , McClelland Ryley D. , Erwin Kaci , Granoski Madison , Griffiths Cameron D. , Frederick Justin D. , Arutyunova Elena , Lemieux M. Joanne , West Frederick G. , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion , McLellan Jason S. , Marchant David J.
Published: October 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization. All current available RSV therapeutics, including antibody prophylaxis and adult vaccination, target the RSV fusion glycoprotein (RSV-F). The seven neutralization sites on RSV-F are highly conserved and infrequently mutated. Here, we show that a single amino acid mutation at position 305 in RSV-F significantly alters antigenic recognition of RSV-F binding sites and reduces the susceptibility of RSV to neutralizing antibodies. In an in vitro evolution assay, we show that RSV-F L305I occurs in the majority of RSV quasi-species. Computational modeling predicted that the L305I mutation alters the epitope landscape of RSV-F, resulting in changes to neutralizing antibody sensitivity and affinity towards the RSV-F glycoprotein. Screening of published RSV-F sequences revealed that position 305 in RSV-F is a conserved leucine and isoleucine in RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes respectively. Our study suggests that select amino acids in RSV-F may act as conformational switches for RSV to evade host serum antibodies. This work has important implications in understanding RSV evolution and resistance as it suggests that mutational resistance to neutralizing antibodies can occur at sites distal to antigenic epitopes, significantly altering antibody sensitivity to viral infection. These unique antigenic landscape changes should be considered in the context of vaccine and therapeutic development in order to better understand viral mechanisms of evasion and resistance.
Adaptation of thermal reaction norms in constant and fluctuating environments
Authors: Suleiman Abdulrahaman Lawal , Landi P. , Hui C.
Published: October 2024

Thermal reaction norms depict how temperature influences biological performances, thus also known as thermal performance curves (TPCs). Arguably, the interplay of the thermal environmental conditions and the TPC can shape the strength of intraspecific competition. Such competition can then drive the long-term evolution of the TPC. We develop a Lotka-Volterra model, using adaptive dynamics (AD), to investigate how intraspecific competition among individuals of ectotherms drives the TPC adaptation under constant versus periodically fluctuating environmental temperatures. The competition coefficient from one individual to another is assumed proportional to the ratio of their thermal performances at the current environmental temperature, with the individuals’ thermal performance being adaptive and captured by a beta distribution. Results show that, under a constant temperature, the optimal temperature of the TPC evolves to align perfectly with the environmental temperature, with the TPC breadth shrinking to zero, reflecting local adaptation to complete thermal specialisation. In fluctuating thermal environments, adaptation produces broader TPCs, with their optimal temperature potentially mismatching the average environmental temperature. When the TPC’s optimal temperature matches the average temperature, large temperature fluctuations lead to broad TPCs (thermal generalisation). Our model also shows the emergence of bimodal TPCs under rapid and large temperature fluctuations, indicating adaptation to extreme temperatures and potentially a divergence of thermal strategies within the population. Our theoretical model has demonstrated that adaptation of TPCs in periodic thermal regimes promotes the evolution of thermal generalists and possible character divergence, compared to complete thermal specialisation in constant environments.
Spatial and temporal scales of patterning in open-air surface scatters along the Doring River, South Africa
Authors: Shaw Matthew , Phillips Natasha , Ames Chris H.J. , Mackay Alex
Published: October 2024

Individuals are considered the primary agents responsible for introducing objects into the archaeological record through discard. However, the intricate spatial distribution of artefacts within archaeological contexts is complex, being influenced not only by individual actions, but also by the aggregation of individual behaviours, temporal dynamics, and post-depositional processes. This study employs spatial data on stone tools from accumulating open-air localities in the Doring River catchment, using R and Geographic Information Systems, to explore the scales at which meaningful information can be extracted from these open-air sediment bodies. Although statistical analyses of the spatial data reveal a correlation between the distribution of artefacts and the geomorphology of the locality, it is evident that the patterning cannot solely be attributed to geomorphological factors. The findings from the study suggest the representation of various discrete temporal and spatial scales of behaviour at these sites, ranging from the individual to the broader ‘collective of systems’ scale. This diversity persists even in scenarios where temporally constrained artefacts are being lagged onto a single ancient surface. The outcomes highlight the potential of open-air sites in providing insights into the complexities of human-environment interactions.
Robust 3D Localization for UAV Navigation Using Event Cameras and IMU for Indoor Environments
Authors: Tejero-Ruiz David , Solís-Martín David , Pérez-Grau Francisco J. , Galán-Páez Juan
Published: October 2024

For proper navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), it is necessary to know their position in real-time to ensure safe navigation. Determining position in outdoor spaces is quite well solved. On the other hand, in indoor spaces, existing solutions are either imprecise or excessively costly. In this paper, the 3D localization problem is addressed in the context of UAV navigation. The main purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate a robust real-time localization scheme using exclusively the information from an embedded Event Camera and an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). Deep learning techniques and robust computer vision algorithms are implemented together to accurately compute the UAV pose, leveraging the strengths of well-established visual-inertial odometry algorithms and the intrinsic advantages of Event Cameras, such as high dynamic range and absence of motion blur. Throughout this study, state-of-the-art techniques are selected, refined, implemented, and evaluated. The proposed system demonstrated good performance and acceptable precision specially in situation with abrupt lighting changes.
Bipolar electrochemical tweezers using pristine carbon fibers with intrinsically asymmetric features
Authors: Nogala Wojciech , Gupta Bhavana , Shrivastav Vishal , Sundriyal Shashank , Melvin Ambrose , Holdynski Marcin , Kuhn Alexander
Published: October 2024

Structures that can change shape upon stimulation have various applications but often require complex processing. We present a simple method for actuation using bipolar electrochemistry to drive asymmetric reactions on the surface grooves of carbon fibers. In initial experiments, a free-standing carbon fiber is polarized in a bipolar cell, triggering benzoquinone/hydroquinone redox reactions in two compartments. Beyond a certain potential, ion transfer causes the fiber to move directionally due to reversible ion intercalation/deintercalation during oxidation/reduction. The local ionic adsorption/desorption on the surface also contributes to this motion. The fiber's bending intensity and direction depend on the length exposed to electrochemical reduction and groove orientation. Optimizing fiber alignment and stimulus parameters achieves effective bending. Two parallel fibers, oriented oppositely, mimic microtweezers.
A new autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway in Halomonas linked to nucleotide synthesis
Authors: Chen Guo-Qiang , Zhang Zhongnan , Zheng Xinyi , Shao Mingwei , Ding Jun , Zhang Ge , Wu Qiong
Published: October 2024

Organisms can achieve autotrophic growth using CO2 as the sole carbon source via one of the six known CO2 fixation pathways. This study identified a new CO2 fixation pathway in halophilic bacterium Halomonas bluephagenesis, which enables CO2-dependent growth. Isotope-labeled metabolomic analysis and gene disturbance results revealed that the nucleotide de novo synthesis pathway plays a crucial role in the cell growth of H. bluephagenesis in a CO2-rich environment. In this pathway, HCO3- is incorporated into the nucleotide base derived from aspartate or glutamine. Extracellular concentrations of adenine and cytosine increased from 0.3 g/L to 33.1 g/L, and from 0.1 g/L to 5.8 g/L, respectively, when grown in shake flasks in the presence of rich CO2. Our findings demonstrate that rational metabolic engineering of the central carbon network or modification of nitrogen sources can enhance nucleotide synthesis by increasing ribose and aspartate accumulation, thereby improving CO2-dependent growth of H. bluephagenesis. H. bluephagenesis has demonstrated the potential for producing nucleotides and nucleotide derivatives from CO2.
A Computational Modelling Study of Phytoconstituents of Curcuma longa Rhizome with IGF-1R Protein in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Oladapo Olajumoke Bisola , Agbonifo Worship , Imolele Anthony Godswill , Adebesin Oyindamola , Osho Stella , Agboola Oluwaseyi , Enafe Gabriel , Badaro Nadia Ibrahim , Ogungbemiro Festus Oladayo , Bello Adebayo , Okpuzor Joy
Published: October 2024

Background: Ovarian cance,r is a huge concern due to its high mortality rate and resis,tance tothe conventional therapies. Recent studies have focused on the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a therapeutic tphytochemicalsits ron the prolifa eration of cancer cells. Phytoco tituents from Curcuma longa ar known for their anti-cancer propertisignallingg them potential candidates for ovarian cancer treatment. This computational study aims to evaluate the molecular docking and pharmacokinetic profiles of ,phytochemicals in Curcuma longa against IGF-1R to explore their potential to inhicer ,progression.
Results: Molecular docking analysis showed that digalloyl-hexoside had the highest binding affinity with IGF-1R, with a docking score of -8.849 kcal/mol. Hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone followed closely, showing strong interactions as well. All three compounds exhibited six hydrogen bonds with key residues like ASP 1056 and LYS 1003, contributing to their strong binding potential. Caffeic acid showed the lowest affinity with a docking score of -7.985 kcal/mol. ADMET analysis reveal ed that caffeic acid had the highest gastrointestinal absorption and skin permeability, adhering to Lipinski’s rule of five. In contrast, digalloyl-hexoside, hyperoside, and valoneic acid dilactone had lower bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption but exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Conclusion: Digalloyl-hexoside exhibited the highest binding affinity, followed by hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone, though all compounds had lower docking scores than the reference ligand. ADMET analysis revealed that while caffeic acid had the highest absorption, the other compounds showed better overall pharmacokinetic profiles. However, low gastrointestinal absorption limits their bioavailability. Further research, including structural modifications and additional validation, is recommended.
The Effects of Mandillo (Crassocephalum Macropappum) on the Physico-chemical Profile and Microbial Dynamics during Enset (Ensete Ventricosum Welw.) Fermentation
Authors: Robi Alemu Gonfa , Megersa Negussie , Mehari Tetemke , Park Seul-Ki , Kim Young-Mog , Dissasa Guta , Muleta Diriba
Published: October 2024

Fermentation of Enset has been known for a long time to produce a starchy and nutritionally enriched food product referred as Kocho. However, due to uncommon sensory attributes for non-Enset consuming societies, a short shelf life and a long fermentation period, Kocho has been ignored worldwide and limited to only some regions of Ethiopia. To improve its sensory attributes and enhance its fermentation rate, Shekacho society in Ethiopia uses the stem of Mandillo as a starter culture ingredient. Therefore, this study was initiated to determine the effects of Mandillo (Crassocephalum macropappum) on the microbial dynamics and physicochemical properties of Enset (Ensete Ventricosum Welw.) fermentation products. Microbial enumeration and isolation were carried out following standard methods on suitable culture media. Various fermentation parameters were determined analytically. Molecular identification of LAB and yeasts was based on 16S and 18S rRNA genes sequencing, respectively. In this study, significant (p<0.05) differences were observed between control (Koki) and experimental Kocho (Kom) samples. The lactic acid bacterial (LAB) count increased by 23.3 folds on day 37 of fermentation of Enset with Mandillo. Similarly, the yeast count increased by 2.6 folds on day 29 of the fermentation period. On the final (45 day), lactic acid and acetic acid contents increased by 103.90% and 40.04%, respectively whose cumulative effect resulted in a lowering of pH by 0.65. The titratable acidity increased by 64.34%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned LAB to Lactobacillusspp. Accordingly, 82.14% strains identified asLactobacillus, 9.82%isolates identified as Leuconostoc, and 8.04% isolates reported unidentified LAB strains in Kocho. Similarly, the major yeast strains were molecularly characterized as Candida boidinii (26%), Wickerhamomycessp. UFLA (16%), Candida sp. MM 4018 (8%), but some yeast strains (28%) remained also an unidentified. The current findings revealed that Mandillo exhibited significant effect on the microbial dynamics of Enset fermentation with overall improvement of the final product.
Evaluation of Long Axial Field-of-View (LAFOV) PET/CT for Post-Treatment Dosimetry in Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Liver Tumors: A Comparative Study with Conventional SPECT Imaging
Authors: Zeimpekis Konstantinos , Sari Hasan , Gözlügöl Nasir , Achangwa Ngwe Rawlings , Shi Kuangyu , Schindewolf Marc , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rominger Axel , Seifert Robert
Published: October 2024

Purpose Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanners enable high sensitivity and wide anatomical coverage. Therefore, they seem ideal to perform post-selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) 90Y scans, which are needed, to confirm that the dose is delivered to the tumors and that healthy organs are spared. However, it is unclear to what extent the use of LAFOV PET is feasible and which dosimetry approaches results in accurate measurements.
Methods In this retrospective analysis, a total number of 32 patients was included (median age 71, IQR 64-76), which had HCC, CCC or liver metastases. All patients underwent SIRT, and the post-therapy scan was acquired on a SPECT/CT and a LAFOV Biograph Quadra PET/CT with a 20-minute acquisition time. Post-treatment dosimetry, regarding the tumor, whole-liver and lung (LMD) absorbed dose was done using an organ-wise (Simplicit90Y) and a voxel-wise approach (HERMIA Dosimetry) which used a semi-Monte Carlo algorithm. The lung shunt fraction (LSF) was also measured using the voxel-wise approach and compared to the planned.
Results The planning, post-treatment SPECT and PET (SPECTpre, SPECTpost, PETpost) median tumor doses based on the organ-wise dosimetry were 276.0 Gy (200.0-330.0 Gy), 232.0 Gy (158.5-303.5 Gy) and 267.5 Gy (182.5-370.8 Gy). In contrast, the median voxel-wise PETpost dose was significantly smaller than the planned SPECTpre (152.5 Gy (94.8-223.8 Gy); p<0.00001). Moreover, the median tumor absorbed dose at 90% (D90) of the tumor volume was significantly higher in SPECTpost compared with PETpost (123.5 Gy; 81.5 -180.0 vs. 30.5 Gy; 11.3-106.3; p < 0.00001). The PETpost measured LSF was significantly lower compared to the planned SPECTpre (0.89%; 0.4-1.3% vs. 2.3%; 1.5-3.6%; p<0.0001). Similarly, the measured PETpost median LMD was considerably lower to the planned SPECTpre (1.2 Gy; 0.6-2.3 vs. 2.5 Gy; 1.4-4.7; p<0.0001)
Conclusion LAFOV PET enabled the direct measurement of post therapy lung dose and tumor doses that correlated well with the planned treatment doses. However, current voxel-wise-based tumor dosimetry seems to be inaccurate for LAFOV PET. In addition, dose volume histogram-based metrics also significantly underestimate the delivered dose. Therefore, improved dosimetry tools are needed for reliable voxel-wise 90Y dosimetry to leverage the sensitivity and spatial resolution of LAFOV PET scanners.
A Novel Approach to Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using DPI-Based Pixel Movement Measurement
Authors: Garzotto David
Published: October 2024

With the rise of digital document manipulation, traditional methods of forensic document examination have proven limited in detecting sophisticated forgeries, particularly in the case of copy-move forgery. This paper introduces a novel pixel-based method for detecting such forgeries by calculating the movement of artifacts within a document based on the document's resolution (DPI) and pixel shift differences. The methodology offers a precise, quantifiable approach that enhances traditional forgery detection techniques by identifying subtle digital manipulations in signatures and document elements. A case study involving the movement of an artifact within a forged digital signature highlights the effectiveness of this approach. The results indicate that this technique can significantly contribute to modern digital forensic analysis and is particularly well-suited to detecting copy-move forgery in digitally altered documents.
Mechanism of recognition and binding of Ultrabithorax
Authors: SINGH SAVITA
Published: October 2024

Hox genes are highly conserved throughout metazoan evolution and code for homeodomain containing transcription factors that control specific developmental pathways. Ultrabithorax (Ubx) exerts its function mainly through activation or repression of downstream genes. Only a few direct target genes of Ubx have been identified and studied in detail therefore mechanism of Ubx mediated control of its target gene is far from complete. Understanding the mechanisms by which Ubx regulates its targets requires the knowledge of target genes and of sequence motifs that serve as recognition and binding elements for Ubx. By employing chip-on-chip and bioinformatics approach, our lab identified a large number of downstream targets of Ubx. The sequence analyses of these genes have suggested few potential Ubx-binding and/or recognition motifs. Here we report the results of cell-based luciferase assays to confirm if these motifs are indeed Ubx-response elements and understand the mechanism of activation and repression.
Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence and Risk Factors among Female Students at Al-Yemenia University, Sana'a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Wajeeh Talal Saeed , Al-Hadheq Ali Ahmed , Nomaan Majeed Hazzaa , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Al-Shehari Wadee Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common human infections worldwide. It is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among female students at Al-Yemenia University in Yemen.
Methods: Two hundred female students were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. The participants were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using an immunochromatographic technique (ICT). Demographic, socioeconomic, risk factors, and behavioural data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire via face-to-face interviews.
Results:The seropositivity rate for T. gondii was (6.0%). The majority were from age groups of 18–20 and 21–24 years (41.7%), who lived in the urban area (83.3%), unmarried individuals (83.8%), and middle-income participants (66.7%), with a non-significant difference (P < 0.05). Female students who washed vegetables before eating had a high risk of T. gondii infection (OR = 4.810), followed by raising cats in the house (OR = 3.812), and had a history of blood transfusion (OR = 1.618).
Conclusion: This study reported low seroprevalence among female students at Al-Yemenia University, Yemen. Environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and health education are all required for promotion in order to prevent Toxoplasma gondii infection among female students.
Systematic quantification of hydrogen in pipeline steel by atom probe tomography after ambient charging and transfer
Authors: Marceau Ross , Wang Shuohan , Zhang Peng , Laleh Majid , Jiang Lu , Tan Mike
Published: October 2024

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a promising tool to measure the atomic-scale distribution of hydrogen in solid matter, which can be used to assess the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of materials. However, the accuracy of such measurements resulting from ambient charging and transfer experiments needs to be established. In this work, APT quantification of hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) in a typical X65 pipeline steel has been determined after ambient charging and transfer to ascertain the contribution of artifacts to the measured H/D signal. A series of experimental workflows related to sample preparation (electropolishing, focussed ion beam) and electrochemical charging conditions (different electrolytes and charging potentials) were explored for H/D measurement using APT. The results show that APT can be used to measure charged H/D with statistical confidence after ambient charging and transfer, that hydrogen ingress occurs during electropolishing, and using a more negative charging potential will introduce more H/D into the material.
A Study of Cosmic Ray Variability During a Solar Magnetic Cycle (Solar Cycles 23 and 24)
Authors: Onuchukwu Chika Christian , Edwin Dio
Published: October 2024

We investigated variations in Cosmic Ray (CR) intensities during Solar Cycles (SC) 23 and 24. Using data from the Mexico neutron monitor, solar wind parameters (speed, temperature, plasma density), geomagnetic indices (Kp,Dst, ap) from OMNI, and sunspot numbers from SISLO, we analyzed CR intensities during the ascending (ASC) and declining (DSC) phases of each cycle. Our analysis, using distribution plots and regression methods, showed higher CR intensities during the DSC phases compared to the ASC phases for both cycles. Additionally, average CR values were higher during SC 24 than SC 23. These variations are linked to differences in sunspot numbers, solar wind parameters, and geomagnetic indices, differences in magnetic transport across the Sun differ between the ASC and DSC phases, with SC 24 exhibiting weaker meridional flow compared to SC 23.
Biofilm formation and response in Exserohilum turcicum
Authors: Kola Wisely , Nsibo David , Motaung Thabiso
Published: October 2024

Bacteria are well known and studied for biofilm formation in varying environments. There are however limited studies that have characterised biofilm formation in plant pathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm-forming capacity of Exserohilum turcicum, the causal pathogen of Norther leaf blight, under varying environmental conditions, including growth media, temperature, and pH. Biofilm traits namely, metabolic activity, biomass, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, were analysed on 16 strains under various pH and temperature conditions at two-time points (3 and 7 days). All strains studied formed self-produced gelatinous matrix at an optimum temperature of 25 °C and a pH of 10 at both time points. To further assess the capacity of E. turcicumto form biofilms, two (best and least) biofilm-forming strains among the 16 were subjected to heat treatment at 45 °C and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser microscopy (CLSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both strains exhibited increased amounts of ECM when heat-treated compared to the non-heat-treated biofilm. Additionally, the hyphal cell wall thickened under heat treatments. The ECM, being a hallmark of biofilm formation, is often produced by microbial biofilms in response to stressful environments. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that E. turcicum produces biofilms as a survival mechanism, particularly under specific environmental conditions, which supports its persistence and survival in the field.
Measuring Ransomware Propagation Patterns via Network Traffic Analysis: An Automated Approach
Authors: Akibis Michael , Pereira Joaquin , Clark David , Mitchell Victoria , Alvarez Hugo
Published: October 2024

Ransomware continues to pose an escalating threat to global network infrastructures, capable of causing extensive financial and operational damage across industries. Understanding the patterns of ransomware propagation through network traffic analysis offers a novel and significant approach to early detection and mitigation. By employing a controlled sandbox environment, combined with machine learning techniques, this research captures distinct traffic behaviors associated with ransomware attacks, focusing on metrics such as lateral movement speed, packet size variability, and connection durations. The study's approach demonstrates how detailed feature extraction from network traffic can provide a more dynamic and adaptive defense against emerging ransomware threats, surpassing the limitations of traditional signature-based detection methods. The results of the experiments reveal key differences in the propagation strategies of various ransomware families, providing valuable insights for cybersecurity practitioners looking to enhance network defenses. Through the integration of real-time traffic analysis and machine learning models, the research presents a scalable framework for detecting ransomware activity in both controlled and real-world networks.
New model to predict thermomagnetic properties of nanostructured magnetic compounds
Authors: Gokhfeld Denis , Koblischka Michael R. , Koblischka-Veneva Anjela
Published: October 2024

The development of new materials showing the magneto-caloric effect (MCE) requires fast and reliable characterization methods. For this purpose, a phenomenological model developed by M. A. Hamad has proven to be a useful tool to predict the magnetocaloric properties (the isothermal magnetic entropy change, ΔSM, the magnetization-related change of the specific heat, ΔCP,H, and the relative cooling power, RCP) via calculation from magnetization measurements as a function of temperature, M(T). However, fitting the M(T) data is difficult for broad, smoothed-out transition curves which are often observed for material systems such as core-shell nanoparticles, nanowires, nanowire fabrics or nanoparticle hybrid materials. Thus, in this contribution we present a different approach enabling proper fitting of such magnetization data via the use of the asymmetric Boltzmann sigmoid function. As examples, we present fits to M(T) curves of polycrystalline, bulk La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 as well as La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 nanostructured materials from various authors.
EFFECT OF BRISK WALKING ON THE PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FITNESS OF THE INACTIVE ADULTS
Authors: Dr. Umesh Rathi
Published: October 2024

Modern technology has made life style luxurious and hence people are addicted to it, many old days’ chores are performed very easily with the help of machines and technological advancement hence it has affected everyone’s life making us inactive up to certain extent. In ancient time man was doing all his work using his own bodily powers. He was walking long distances to get the thing as well as do all his work physically which was keeping all the people healthy. Effect of brisk walking on the Physical fitness and Physiological fitness of the inactive adults.
Methodology of the study 100 adult were divided into two groups of in to five groups in each group there will be only 50 inactive male adults each one. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of brisk walking on the Physical and Physiological fitness of the inactive adults.
With the help of physical work the people can maintain their health and fitness, but inactive life style decreases the fitness and the health is jeopardized. The process of aging of the working parts of the body is perfectly natural. Walking is the most efficient form of exercise and the only one that a person can safely follow for a lifetime. Walking gives a feeling of muscular strength by toning major muscles. Walking counteracts feelings of fatigue. Walking improves circulations by
THE DIGITAL TSUNAMI: HOW TECHNOLOGY IS RESHAPING TRADITIONAL BUSINESS MODELS
Authors: Prof. Dr. Sandip Parmar
Published: October 2024

Traditional models, once monolithic and seemingly unshakeable, are now buffeted by the relentless waves of technological innovation. The impact is undeniable, sweeping across industries and forcing a seismic shift in how we create, deliver, and capture value. By understanding the impact of these technologies, businesses can identify opportunities to innovate, improve efficiency, and create new value propositions for their customers. By understanding the transformative power of technology, adapting their models, and investing in the right skills and strategies, businesses can not only survive but thrive in the exciting, challenging, and ever-evolving digital landscape.
AN INVESTIGATION OF COLLEGE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS RESEARCH IN NAGALAND
Authors: Nzanbemo Tungoe  , Dr. Boyillapalli Venkata Rao
Published: October 2024

Research plays a crucial role in advancing knowledge, addressing challenges, and promoting academic growth across various fields. Progress in every discipline relies heavily on thorough investigation and discovery. This study aims to investigate college teachers' views towards research, emphasizing on gender and locality of residence. It seeks to evaluate whether there are significant differences in mean scores of research attitudes over four dimensions determined by gender, as well as locality of residence. Using random sampling, the researcher surveyed 600 college teachers from 29 colleges in Nagaland. Data analysis employed statistical methods like mean, standard deviations and independent sample t-test. The tool for the study was the "Attitude towards Research" questionnaire developed by Vishal Sood and Prof. Y.K Sharma (2012), but revalidated by the researcher. The split-half reliability between odd and even items is 0.834, while the overall scale reliability is 0.91. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.88 confirming high internal consistency. The findings provided insight into how these demographic variables influence teachers' participation in research activities.
STUDENT SUCCESS COACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Dr. Lysette Dorothy Cohen
Published: October 2024

Student success coaching has emerged as a vital support mechanism in higher education. It aims to bolster academic performance, personal development, and overall well-being. This paper reviews the literature on student success coaching and synthesizes existing research to illuminate its evolving landscape. The review delves into the nature of student success coaching, characterized by personalized guidance, frequent interactions, and a focus on individual students’ needs. Definitions and models of student success coaching are explored, addressing students’ diverse aspirations and challenges. Trends in student success coaching underscore its effectiveness in integrating students into academic and social aspects of postsecondary institutions, thereby breaking down barriers to success. Coaching interventions encompass goal setting, academic planning, and connection to resources, all geared toward facilitating student achievement. This paper identifies areas for further research, emphasizing the need to explore the effectiveness of coaching across diverse student populations and its long-term impact beyond immediate academic outcomes. Additionally, institutional factors and the role of technology in enhancing coaching programs are proposed as avenues for future inquiry.
STRUCTURAL PROFILING AND OPTICAL PROPERTY STUDIES ON MAGNESIUM DOPED VANADIUM PENTOXIDE
Authors: Ajay Krishnan B  , Jayasree P
Published: October 2024

Vanadium pentoxide is an attractive material with extensive applications, such as cathode material in lithium batteries, as catalyst in many industrial chemical reactions and in electro chromic displays. Vanadium pentoxide is the best one among the transition metals, because it has broad range of oxidation state, layered structure, high energy density, and low cost. Doping of these metal oxides with transition metals improves their electrochemical and optical properties. The Magnesium doped Vanadium pentoxide films exhibit characteristics suitable for lithium ion batteries and electrochromic window applications, the optimization of the functionality depending on the doping of Magnesium content. Here, Magnesium doped Vanadium pentoxide (Mg-V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solid state reaction. The solid-state reaction is the most commonly used method for the preparation of the polycrystalline solids from the compound mixture of solid starting materials, it is necessary to heat them into abnormal higher temperatures often to 1000 to 1500 degree celsius in order for the reaction to happen. The structural, morphological and optical analysis of the NPs were examined using X-Ray diffraction spectra and UV-Visible absorption spectra. The XRD pattern obtained is in good agreement with the Vanadium pentoxide single phase. It is evidence of perfect doping of MgOon Vanadium pentoxide highlighting the possibility of forming substitutional solid solutions. UV-Visible absorption spectra reveal the board light absorption capability, the spectral absorbance has shown considerable increase in the optical wavelength region ranging from ultraviolet to visible radiation. From the Tauc plot analysis band gap energy was estimated, it has been found that the band gap energy decreases from the pure Vanadium pentoxide to the doped Vanadium pentoxide -MgOcompound.
RELATION BETWEEN MICRO TEACHING AND TEACHERS
Authors: Dr. Swati Sarwa
Published: October 2024

Micro teaching literally goes to teaching in miniature, wherein the teacher is asked to deal with fewer students and lesser assignments. Microteaching can include various methods of teaching as well which can be helpful for improving learner’s characteristics in for the evaluation system. Simulation is designed to let people practice skills or decision making in a controlled and safe environment. When applied to micro teaching, the simulated scenario is a classroom environment.
ROLE OF MATHEMATICS IN STUDY OF ASTROLOGY
Authors: Dr. Satinder Pal Kaur  , Keshav Jain
Published: October 2024

Astrology is the study of how the sun, moon, planets, and stars move with the idea that these motions can affect people's lives. From ancient times our ancestors have been using mathematics for birth ascendants and horoscopes. They used to prepare birth charts with the help of mathematical calculation. The relation between mathematics and horoscopes is well explained. The purpose of this research paper is to tell the relation between the various topics of mathematics with astrology.