bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Capital Structure on Profitability of Dabur Nepal Private Limited
Authors: Shrestha Sanjay
Published: October 2023

These studies investigate the Impact of capital structure and the Profitability of Dabur Nepal Private Limited. Data analysis was complete using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and t-test. The secondary data used to analyze one (1) sample size, out of ten which, has been found to be covering the period 2013-2022 of private multinational manufacturing companies in Nepal. The capital structure represents the variables of the Debt - Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Capital Ratio (DCR), Debt to Total Assets Ratio (DTAR), Equity to Total Assets Ratio (ETAR), Short-term Liability to Total Assets ratio (SLTAR) and the profitability including Return on Assets (ROA). The findings of the study have a R square value of 0.537, meaning that 53.7% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables while 46.3% is explained by other variables outside the model and also showed that there is a lower positive correlation between the dependent variable and the set of independent variables. The result showed that there is an insignificant impact of DER, DCR, DTA, ETA, and SLTA on ROE of Dabur Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate Governance and its Effects on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nepal
Authors: Hada Maheshwar Lal
Published: October 2023

This current study aims to explore the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nepal. Although there were many researches made on the topic “Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance,” However there is only a handful of research found in respect of commercial banks in Nepal. This study tried to fill the gap by studying exclusively in the banking industry of Nepal. The financial performance is measured through Return on assets (ROA) as the dependent variable, and corporate government variables are measured through the percentage of foreign directors in the board, board size, board independence, and board diligence as independent variables. Panel data analysis was used for the study covering the period from 2016/017 to 2020/021 using both descriptive statistic, correlation, multiple regression and t-test to examine the governance practices and their effect in the financial performance of commercial banks in Nepal. The empirical results demonstrated that board diligence (DB) has a positive significant impact on ROA. The result also indicates that there is an insignificant impact of other variables (FD, BI, BS) on ROA of commercial banks in Nepal.
E-Banking's Effects on Financial Performance of Nepalese Selected Commercial Banks
Authors: Wagle Sudip
Published: October 2023

The overview of e-banking has revolutionized and redefined the ways of banks operating. Internet banking, mobile banking, ATM, Card Services, electronic funds transfer, account-to-account transfer, online bill payments, online statements etc. are now consider as the main contribution for the banks success among their core competencies. However, the banking industry has faced challenge to keep pace with technological developments and innovative products to suit its needs to generate more profits. This paper shows the data of five commercial banks from fiscal year 2016/17 to 2020/21. The objective of the study is to identify whether e-banking services has significantly improved the profitability performance of commercial banks in Nepal with regards to the returns on assets (ROA) and returns on equity (ROE) or not. The descriptive as well as inferential statistical tools has been used by using SPSS version 25 software. This result shows that the independent variables; Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, ATM, Debit Card has insignificant impact on profitability of Nepalese commercial banks in terms of ROA. However, Credit Card has negative but significant impact on profitability. On the other hand, all the variables has found to insignificant impact on the profitability of ROE of the commercial banks. Besides this, various macroeconomic factors such as monetary policy, fiscal policy, IT policy, electric Transaction act, political factors etc. are also the cause of profit growth of commercial banks in Nepal.
Working Capital Management Efficiency using the Index Method
Authors: Rahman Abdul
Published: October 2023

In order to better understand working capital management, which includes efficient handling of current assets as well as current liabilities? Efficient management of working capital is a precondition for the success of any kind of firm. The initial study's major goal was to assess the efficiency of working capital management in the automobile industry. The present study deals with the efficiency of working capital management in the selected four-wheeler passenger car manufacturing companies in India. The source of secondary data is the annual report and CMIE Prowess. The database of ten passenger car manufacturing companies in India is drawn at random from the source Statista based on their market share and brand in terms of passenger car manufacturing companies for the 10-year period from 2011–12 to 2020–21. This study employed three parameters to assess the efficiency of working capital management: the performance index of working capital management (PI), the utilization index of working capital management (UI), and the efficiency index of working capital management (EI). following the model suggested by Bhattacharya (1997). This study's results show most of the companies reviewed did well in terms of working capital performance, current asset usage, and working capital efficiency. Some selected passenger car manufacturers have efficiently managed their working capital and increased sales with existing assets. Companies with a low or negative efficiency index must use current assets efficiently to manage working capital. We feel this is an important topic that would be of interest in decision-making. Company managers in managing the company's finances must be more effective and efficient so that the company does not experience financial distress. For investors, it can be used as a reference in making decisions to invest by looking at companies that show companies that have good financial performance.
Nepal’s Quest for Secured Boundaries and International Border Regime
Authors: Poudyal Matrika
Published: October 2023

Nepal’s quest for secure and tranquil border assumes boundary diplomacy operating boundaries on the existing geostrategic settings conditioned by neighboring states India and China. It has yet to resolve several boundary problems with its neighboring states in its entirety though it has addressed many. So, it has to incorporate all the legal precisions and norms of border management system as practiced globally. This study revisits the essence of boundary diplomacy of Nepal in reference to international border regimes. The study primarily focuses on boundary delineation diplomacy along the Nepal-India and Nepal-China frontiers. It discusses Nepal’s border issues and boundary diplomacy with India and China with reference to the international border regime.
Izazov teleterapije – logopedska terapija u sjeni pandemije COVID-19
Authors: Hercigonja Salamoni Darija , Rendulić Ana
Published: October 2023

Proglašenje COVID-19 pandemije u ožujku 2020. godine rezultiralo je privremenom obustavom pružanja logopedske terapije u standardnom obliku i znatnim povećanjem korištenja usluga logopedske teleterapije u sustavu zdravstva. Budući da je mišljenje i zadovoljstvo korisnika i njihovih roditelja/skrbnika provedenom teleterapijom značajan čimbenik koji može utjecati na učinkovitost terapije i budućnost teleterapije u logopediji, cilj je bio ispitati mišljenje korisnika i/ ili njihovih roditelja/ skrbnika o provedenoj teleterapiji, otkriti što korisnici vide kao prednosti, a što kao nedostatke ovakvog načina rada i doznati njihovo mišljenje o provođenju iste izvan okvira COVID-19 pandemije. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja oblikovan je anonimni upitnik s 19 pitanja pod nazivom „Logopedska terapija na daljinu - stavovi korisnika“, sastavljen pomoću platforme Survey Monkey. Upitnik je ispunilo 252 sudionika, koji su tijekom COVID-19 pandemije sudjelovali u nekom od oblika teleterapije. U istraživanju su sudjelovali korisnici stariji od 16 godina koji su mogli samostalno ispuniti anketu i roditelji/skrbnici djece mlađe od 16 godina, te roditelji/skrbnici odraslih osoba koji nisu mogli samostalno ispuniti anketu, a bili su uključeni u neki od oblika logopedske terapije na daljinu u sustavu zdravstva. Od ukupnog broja sudionika, njih 79,2 %, izjasnilo se zadovoljnim pruženom uslugom. Kao najznačajniju prednost teleterapije vide dostupnost logopedske terapije tijekom izolacije i/ ili bolesti, te kontinuitet u radu. Od 252 sudionika, njih 137 (54,46 %) smatra da bi terapija na daljinu trebala postati jedan od uobičajenih oblika logopedskog rada i nakon COVID-19 pandemije. Rezultati koji su dobiveni analizom odgovora sudionika o zadovoljstvu, kao i navedenim prednostima logopedske teleterapije, potiču na razmišljanje o mogućnosti uređenja terapije na daljinu u sustavu zdravstva Republike Hrvatske kao dijela redovite ponude u načinima provođenja logopedske usluge.
Crtice za povijest logopedije – Hrvatska u odnosu na Europu i svijet
Authors: Hercigonja Salamoni Darija
Published: October 2023

Komunikacija govorom isključivo je ljudska sposobnost. Čovjek se ne služi govorom jedino za sporazumijevanje, iako je evolucijom u tu svrhu vjerojatno nastao i s filogenetskoga i ontogenetskoga gledišta. Jezik je značajni čimbenik koji je ljudima pružio veliku prednost u preživljavanju. Logopediji je u središtu interesa čovjek kao biopsihosocijalno biće. Stoga logopediju, kao samostalnu znanstvenu disciplinu, karakterizira interdisciplinarnost. Studiji logopedije u svojim programima uključuju biomedicinske znanosti, psihologiju, lingvistiku, fonetiku, pedagogiju i dr. S obzirom na to da je logopedija interdisciplinarna znanost, u ovom je tekstu opisan razvoj disciplina koje utječu na logopediju kao znanost. Izrazito je važno i u javnom diskursu promovirati povijesno značajne događaje, osobe, ustanove kojima je logopedija u fokusu, i to postaviti u odnos s drugim znanstvenim disciplinama, raznim društvenim aspektima, te stvoriti poticajno okruženje za potpuno razumijevanje logopedske djelatnosti u Hrvatskoj.
Ethno-demographic development of Northern Kazakhstan from 1999 to 2022: history, issues and prospects
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, G.S. Ilyassova , T.S. Sadykov , I.L. Zherebtsov ,   nstitute of language, literature and history of the Komi scientific center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the ethno-demographic development of Northern Kazakhstan on the basis of statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is based on the analysis of historical factors affecting the ethno-graphical development of Northern Kazakhstan, to study new processes and trends taking place in the field of ethno-demographic processes on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan in 1999-2022. The article examines in detail the population structure of Northern Kazakhstan according to the 1989, 1999 and 2021 censuses. The authors come to the conclusion that at the present stage, the Kazakh ethnic group has managed to regain its lost positions to some extent by increasing its number and specific weight in Northern Kazakhstan and one of the main directions for improving the demographic development of the northern regions is the implementation and improvement of resettlement programs from the southern regions to the northern ones
“Red terror” in the Soviet state
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, B.K. Adambek
Published: October 2023

In the article, the author, relying on many sources, shows the policy of the “Red Terror” carried out in various periods of the Soviet state. Namely, using a number of historical documents and various government decisions, the author proves how repression and terror began in the country after the establishment of Soviet power, reveals the causes and ideological foundations of the policy pursued by the Bolsheviks at the state level.At the same time, the article comprehensively shows that as a result of a broad policy of terror against internal and external opposition, millions of people were persecuted, imprisoned in hundreds of concentration camps, and also died as a result of punitive measures. In fact, the party and the Soviet leadership used state bodies and various punitive forces to carry out a policy of terror against their people, the activities of which were shown and justified by the subordinate mass media as a just struggle against the enemies of the USSR.Thus, the article proves that the “Red Terror” carried out in the Soviet state was the period of the greatest tragedy in the history of the 20th century
New findings under state grant of “Kazakhs in the Second World War: new documents from foreign archives” (2018-2020)
Authors:   Satbayev University, G.M. Mendikulova , T.S. Tumabayev , K.I. Koblandin ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University
Published: October 2023

The participation of Kazakhs in the movement of resistance in Europe is a glorious page of both Kazakh and European history. The study and use of archival documents that shed light on the participation of Kazakhs in the fight against fascism, on the fate of people who were captured by the fascists, the discovery of the burials of fallen heroes, the restoration of the names of people who were officially considered missing, is an important part of the formation and preservation of the historical memory of the Kazakh people. Complex interdisciplinary study of the problems of the participation of Kazakhs in the Second World War in European countries, is a priority task of the International Research Project “Kazakhs in the Second World War: new documents from foreign archives” under the leadership of a doctor of historical sciences, professor G.M. Mendikulova. In the article, documents about the participation of Kazakhs in the movement of resistance in Europe, identified by the authors in foreign archives, are analyzed. Thousands of Soviet people, prisoners of war and civilians, who were taken to the West by the fascists, ended up in camps, forced labor in Belgian mines, factories, and farms. However, many of them did not accept their participation. People entered into an unequal struggle with fascist invaders, escaped from concentration camps, created partisan detachments. They defeated the enemy together with European patriots. The testimonies of eyewitnesses, certificates, reports on the actions of partisan detachments, documents on losses and burials found in the archives allow to restore and make public the history of the exploits of Kazakhs who heroically fought against fascism in Europe
Women's work in the construction of the “Eastern Ring” road, built on the eve of the Second World War
Authors:   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, D.M. Akhmetova , A.S. Adilbayeva ,   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, M.K. Karimov ,   Shakarim University,
Published: October 2023

The article considers the social status and daily life of women who worked in the field of road construction in the Semipalatinsk and East Kazakhstan regions on the eve of the Second World War. In the difficult international situation of that period, Semipalatinsk and East Kazakhstan regions were considered important strategic objects in the economic life of the country. The significance of the Eastern Ring Road, called the construction of the century in the field of road construction and the connection of settlements with each other, was directly related to the rapid development of the economy of the region, which consists of two regions. Women also worked on this construction, which was of great importance. The author concludes that the work of women builders was high, judging by the research conducted on the basis of archival data, rare funds,consisting of press materials and published publications of a later time. The research work also noted the fact that the women's community, despite the difficulties caused by daily painstaking work, was not broken psychologically and morally, showed determination and endurance.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BASED ON THE POLYSTYRENE-FULLERENE C60 SYSTEM
Authors: Satayeva G.E.
Published: October 2023

Carbon-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties and potential for use in various technological applications. In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to determine the spectral properties of carbon-containing nanocomposite polymer films based on polystyrene (PS) with fullerene C60 nanoadditives. The results indicate that the incorporation of fullerene nanoparticles into the PS matrix enhances the optical properties of the material. Specifically, the optical density of the samples increases, the absorption coefficient increases, and the width of the bandgap decreases with an increase in carbon additive concentration. These findings suggest that fullerene-based nanocomposites are promising materials for optoelectronic and nanotechnological applications. The results of this work contribute to the growing body of research on carbon-based nanocomposites and their potential for use in a range of fields, including electronics, energy storage, and sensing applications. The enhanced optical properties of fullerene-based nanocomposites suggest that they may be particularly useful for developing novel optoelectronic devices and sensors. Overall, this study highlights the potential of fullerene-based nanocomposites as a versatile and promising material platform for various technological applications.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROCONTROLLER DEVICE FOR REPRODUCING AUDIO INFORMATION
Authors: Tussupbekova A.K.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the results of the design, development and manufacture of a microcontroller device for reproducing sound information in the presence of a person. The description of the concept of a microcontroller device and the architecture of the system are given. The technical specification for the manufacture of the device and its software has been compiled. A prototype of the audio information playback device based on Arduino-UNO was made. In order to reduce the cost of one product, the device was upgraded and the ATtiny13A-SU microcontroller was selected as the microcontroller. An electrical principal scheme, a printed circuit board of the device and software for it have been developed. 17 operating audio information playback devices have been manufactured. A technical solution for further improvement of the microcontroller device is proposed.
abor educational colonies as a measure of struggle with children neglect and homelessness in 1943-1945 (the case of the Shokai labor training colony)
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Z.G. Saktaganova , Zh.K. Abdukarimova ,   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov
Published: October 2023

The struggle against children homelessness and neglect has become one of the leading directions of policy towards Soviet children because there was a catastrophic increase in the number of homeless and neglected children during the war period. Authors consider the work of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs in the struggle against child neglect and homelessness on the example of the Shokai labor educational colony during the Great Patriotic War. The creation of labor educational colonies made it possible not to send chil- dren aged 11 to 16 detained for hooliganism, theft, vagrancy to juvenile colonies where older criminals were kept. The authors provide data on the history of the creation and functioning of the Shokai labor educational colony during 1943-1945. On the basis of archival materials, most of which are being put into circulation for the first time, the problems of life organization, material support, replenishment of the contingent and the rea- sons for the closure of the colony are being studied. After analyzing the personal files of pupils, the authors come to the conclusion that most of them came for violation of labor discipline in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 28, 1940 “On the responsibility of students of vocational, railway schools and schools of the Factory Training for violation of discipline and for unauthorized leaving from school”. There were both natives of the Kazakh SSR and pupils from other Soviet republics in the Shokai labor training colony. The article is based on materials from Kazakhstani and Russian archives.
The spiritual heritage of the Turkic peoples according to the data of “Shadzhara-i-tarakime”
Authors:   M.Kh. Dulati Taraz Regional University, A.M. Tashkaraeva , B.E. Kumekov ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, A.P. Aliakbarova ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University
Published: October 2023

The study of the foundations of the Turkic tribes existence, especially their characteristic properties of the space organization, the true needs of individual existence and development, large-scale migration flows turned out to be important in understanding the space of Eurasia from the point of view of the cultural and historical integrity. The social consequences of the world order on the territory of Eurasia at that time led to the merging of different character centers civilizations. This article is devoted to the study of the traditions relationship in the spiritual culture of the Turkic peoples on the basis of oral historical traditions and legends in the work “Shadzhara-i-tarаkime”. We discuss the important aspects of the formation of the worldview foundations of the Turkic-speaking peoples. Therefore, it is relevant to consider the problem of studying the ethnic identity of the early Turkic tribes in the continuity with the study of the ethno-political processes of the Middle Ages. The study of these historical events will not only help to reveal the problem of selfdetermination more deeply, but will also reveal the formation of historical prerequisites for the beginning of economic, social, cultural, and political interaction between the Turkic peoples.
Combination of Rectus Sheath Block and Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as the Sole Anesthesia for an Open Gastrostomy in a High-risk Patient
Authors: Wittayapairoj Aumjit , Intrapongpan Jedniphat , Thanharak Saran
Published: October 2023

Truncal blocks are widely used for postoperative analgesia, but are rarely used for surgical anesthesia. Herein is reported the success of an open gastrotomy under truncal blocks in a patient for whom general anesthesia and neuraxial blockade were undesirable. A 79-year-old man, with advanced esophageal cancer presented with several comorbidities; including cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and prior cerebral infarction. Difficulty in airway management was anticipated due to the mass’s compression on the airway. Anesthesia was achieved using a combination of truncal blocks; this being the rectus sheath block and the subcostal transversus abdominis plane block, supplemented by intravenous fentanyl for managing visceral pain.
РЕФЛЕКСІЯ ЯК ФАКТОР ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГАРМОНІЙНИХ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН У КОМАНДНІЙ РОБОТІ
Authors: ТИХОНОВИЧ Вікторія
Published: October 2023

У статті висвітлено результати дослідження ролі рефлексії у формуванні в команді взаємовідносин, побудованих на гармонії та взаєморозумінні. Рефлексію визначено як властивість мислення людини, яка спрямовує особистість на осягнення та усвідомлення притаманних їй форм свідомості задля аналізу власної діяльності, самопізнання, що характеризує особливості її духовного світу. На основі характеристики видів «рефлексії у спілкуванні» проаналізовано її прояви в командних відносинах. Виділено етапи командної рефлексії, дотримання яких допомагає команді забезпечити ефективну співпрацю для досягнення спільних цілей та покращення взаємовідносин. Розглянуто інструменти та методи проведення рефлексії, що сприяють формування гармонійних взаємовідносин в команді: методологія Scrum, методики «Шести капелюхів мислення», проведення дебріфінгу, «Світлофор», «Мозковий штурм», «Позитивні інсайти», «Портфоліо досягнень», «Діалогічні кола» та ін.
Davide Gangale Risoleo, Ippolita Raimondo (eds), Landscape: una sintesi di elementi diacronici. Metodologie a confronto per l’analisi del territorio, BAR International Series 3047, Oxford, 2021 | Book review
Authors: Pizzimenti Francesco
Published: October 2023

Davide Gangale Risoleo, Ippolita Raimondo (eds), Landscape: una sintesi di elementi diacronici. Metodologie a confronto per l’analisi del territorio, BAR International Series 3047, Oxford, 2021 | Book review
Nearly computable real numbers
Authors: Hertling Peter , Janicki Philip
Published: October 2023

We call a sequence [Formula: see text] of elements of a metric space nearly computably Cauchy if for every increasing computable function [Formula: see text] the sequence [Formula: see text] converges computably to 0. We show that there exists an increasing sequence of rational numbers that is nearly computably Cauchy and unbounded. Then we call a real number α nearly computable if there exists a computable sequence [Formula: see text] of rational numbers that converges to α and is nearly computably Cauchy. It is clear that every computable real number is nearly computable, and it follows from a result by Downey and LaForte ( Theoretical Computer Science 284 ( 2002 ) 539–555) that there exists a nearly computable and left-computable number that is not computable. We observe that the set of nearly computable real numbers is a real closed field and closed under computable real functions with open domain, but not closed under arbitrary computable real functions. Among other things we strengthen results by Hoyrup ( Theory of Computing Systems 60 ( 2017 ) 396–420) and by Stephan and Wu (In New computational paradigms. First conference on computability in Europe, CiE 2005, Proceedings ( 2005 ) 461–469 Springer) by showing that any nearly computable real number that is not computable is weakly 1-generic (and, therefore, hyperimmune and not Martin-Löf random) and strongly Kurtz random (and, therefore, not K-trivial), and we strengthen a result by Downey and LaForte ( Theoretical Computer Science 284 ( 2002 ) 539–555) by showing that no promptly simple set can be Turing reducible to a nearly computable real number.
Examination of Matching Methods, Sparse Effects, and Limitations in a Nationwide Database Study on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tzeng I-Shiang
Published: October 2023

Akada et al. conducted a nationwide database study on patients with Alzheimer’s disease, examining risk factors and outcomes over 3 years. A significant association emerged between decreased daily activities and hip fractures. However, the odds ratio was 1.95 (with p = 0.020) may be inaccurate in men, considering the wide 95% confidence interval (1.12–3.51). Possible influencing factors include an inappropriate outcome variable, sparse-data bias, collinear covariates, and comorbidities. Moreover, exact propensity-score matching would be more efficient than nested matching. Limitations include potential recall bias in measuring daily activities and limited applicability of cause-effect relationships in a national database study.
Unveiling the power of g-C3N4@CR composite photocatalyst in simulated solar light-assisted degradation of fast green dye and nitrophenol
Authors: Dubey Arun K. , Yadav Rajesh K. , Gole Vittal L. , Singh Satyam , Singhal Rajat , Pandey Satyendra K. , Singh Atul P.
Published: October 2023

A novel and efficient method has been developed for synthesizing the g-C3N4@CR composite using a simple mingling and heating technique. This method involves the decoration of one-dimensional carmine (CR) onto graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The light-harvesting composites produced through this process underwent characterization using various spectroscopic techniques, including UV, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, and XPS spectroscopy. To assess the photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4@CR Composite, its degradation efficiency was investigated by examining its performance in degrading fast green and nitrophenol dyes under outdoor solar light irradiation. The mechanism of degradation for these dyes by the newly designed g-C3N4@CR composite was elucidated through degradation kinetics analysis, involving the determination of parameters such as half-life time, rate constant, and degradation efficiency.
Inter-day and intra-day variations in effective intensity of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation to improve postural stability in bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Fujimoto Chisato , Kawahara Takuya , Kinoshita Makoto , Kamogashira Teru , Oka Mineko , Ichijo Kentaro , Koda Kento , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Iwasaki Shinichi
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The reproducibility of the effective intensity of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) to improve postural stability is not well known. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate inter-day and intra-day variations in effective intensity in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP). METHODS: Thirteen BVP patients were measured for center-of-pressure movements in the standing posture at five time points: morning of the first test day, morning and evening of the second test day, and morning and evening of the third test day. The mean velocity, the envelopment area, and the root mean square were measured in the eyes-closed condition for 30 s during nGVS application ranging from 0 to 1000μA. The effective intensity was defined as the intensity at which all the three parameters measured during the stimulation were simultaneously smaller than the values at baseline (0μA). RESULTS: Seven of the 13 patients had a common effective intensity throughout the three test days. Six patients on the second test day and five patients on the third test day had no common effective intensity between morning and evening. CONCLUSIONS: The effective intensity of nGVS changes depending on the time during the day as well as between the days.
التنافس الاقتصادي للدول الكبرى على المنطقة العربية منذ عام 2014م
Authors: عبد الكاظم رياض مهدي , بيدر زيد احمد
Published: October 2023

يعد الجانب الاقتصادي من أبرز مجالات تنافس الدول الكبرى في المنطقة العربية، نتيجة لما توفره المنطقة من موارد طبيعية كبيرة لا سيما النفط، والذي بات يشكل المحرك الأساسي للاقتصاد العالمي، لذلك تحاول الدول المتنافسة توفير أمنها الطاقوي من خلال المنطقة العربية والتي أصبحت تمثل أهمية استراتيجية واقتصادية للدول المتنافسة، لا سيما بين الصين والدول الأوربية والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، وساهم التنافس الاقتصادي بين هذه الأطراف في حدوث استقطاب ومحاولة هذه الأطراف تحقيق تفوق في تجارة السلع والخدمات بما يضمن لها تحقيق  مصالحها ويشكل لها ميزة تزيد من قوتها وتقدمها الاقتصادي.
نتائج التحول الديمقراطي على الواقع السياسي التونسي بعد عام 2011م
Authors: أحميد حازم صباح , زيدان انسام سعد
Published: October 2023

تعد تونس من الدول التي تبنت النظام الديمقراطي لتغيير نظام الحكم فيها من مستبد إلى نظام ديمقراطي متعدد بعد مرحلة زين العابدين بن علي. واستطاعت أن تشكل حكومات مؤقتة لتسير شؤون الدولة وتصريف الأعمال، ثم تم إجراء انتخابات المجلس التأسيسي لتونس بعد مرحلة نظامها السابق وحققت هذه الانتخابات أفضل الانتخابات كونها مارست المسار الديمقراطي من خلال مشاركة سياسية لكل الأحزاب التي حققت نسب جيدة كحزب النهضة الذي حصل على أعلى المقاعد والأصوات مقارنة بمنافسيه ,وتم بعدها صياغة دستور 2014م جديد للبلاد بديلا عن دستور عام 1959م وتم على أساسه تنظيم القوانين الذي ينصاع إليه الجميع ثم تم إجراء انتخابات أخرى عام 2014م التي عبرت عن قمة التحول الديمقراطي .
الإطار القانوني للإدارة المؤقتة شركات التامين العراقية – دراسة مقارنة
Authors: ذنون فوزية موفق , علي الحريثي ياسر محمد
Published: October 2023

إن قطاع التأمين يمثل أحد المكونات الأساسية لنجاح النظام المالي للدولة لذلك فإن تطويره والنهوض به يعد مؤشراً للتنمية الاقتصادية ، وبالنظر للأهمية التي ينطوي عليه وبهدف تعزيز دوره في بناء الاقتصاد عمد قانون تنظيم أعمال التأمين العراقي رقم (10) لسنة 2005م الى إيجاد أطر قانونية تضمن كيفية التعامل مع العقبات المالية والإدارية التي تواجه شركات التأمين بأقل قدر من المخاطر وبما يكفل الاحتفاظ بكيانها القانوني للحيلولة دون إشِهار إفلاسها أو تَصفِيتها ، فوضع القانون إجراءات إعادة تأهيل شركات التأمين كوسيلة قانونية لتنظيم أعمال الشركة ليتم من خلالها تعيين مدير مؤقت يتولى إدارة الشركة مؤقتاً لتكييف أوضاعها تمهيداً لاتخاذ إجراءات تتضمن وضع الخطط والبرامج للتغلب على الأزمة المالية والإدارية التي تواجه الشركة وتمكينها من مباشرة نشاطها .
مفهوم القانون الدولي للاجئين
Authors: الصائغ محمد يونس , محمد شيت زينة زهير
Published: October 2023

إن حماية المواطن تقع على عاتق الدولة الأصل التي يحمل جنسيتها، ولكن عندما يفقد هذه الحماية الأسباب مختلفة، وتكون دولته غير قادرة على توفيرها، أو غير راغبة في توفيرها، ويكون لديه خوف له ما يبرره من التعرض للاضطهاد، يضطر للفرار من بلده الأصلي إلى بلد آخر، لكي يحصل على الأمان، ويحافظ على حياته، وفي هذه الحالة تنتقل مسؤولية حمايته من دولته الأصلية إلى المجتمع الدولي، وهذا ما يطلق عليه بالحماية الدولية للاجئين، أو البديل المؤقت للحماية الوطنية، والتي تتوفر للإنسان عندما يفقد حماية دولته الأصلية أو في حالة انتهائها، ومن أجل ضمان تمتع اللاجئين بالحماية الدولية، فإنه يجب على الدول الانضمام إلى المواثيق الدولية والإقليمية المتعلقة باللاجئين، ومراقبة تنفيذها لالتزاماتها التي التزمت بها بموجب تلك المواثيق، ومن أهم المبادئ التي نصت عليها تلك المواثيق مبدأ عدم الرد، ومبدأ عدم الطرد، ومعاملة اللاجئين وفقا للمعايير الإنسانية.
ولقد عرفت المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين (UNHCR) الحماية الدولية للاجئين بانها (عمليات التدخل من قبل الدول، أو مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين بالنيابة عن ملتمسي اللجوء واللاجئين، من أجل ضمان الاعتراف بحقوقهم، وأمنهم، وسلامتهم، وحمايتها وفقاً للمعايير الدولية، وتشمل عمليات التدخل هذه، ضمان احترام مبدأ عدم الطرد، والسماح للاجئين بالوصول إلى بر الأمان، وتيسير وصولهم إلى إجراءات عادلة من أجل تقرير وضع اللاجئ، وتطبيق معايير إنسانية للمعاملة، وتنفيذ الحلول الدائمة).
وبناء على ما تقدم يمكن القول بأن الحماية الدولية للاجئين هي وسيلة لضمان الاعتراف بحقوق اللاجئين الأساسية، وتكون هذه الحماية من مسؤوليات المجتمع الدولي في حال عدم توفر حماية دولتهم التي يحملون جنسيتها، وضمان الحد الأدنى من أمنهم وسلامتهم، استناداً للنصوص الدولية، وخصوصاً إذا ظهر الإهمال، وعدم الاهتمام باللاجئين من قبل دول اللجوء، وعدم تقديم الحماية المطلوبة لهم بالطريقة المناسبة، وقد يكون البطء وعدم الاهتمام من دول اللجوء، أو عدم رغبتهم في تقديم المساعدة لأسباب مختلفة منها: اقتصادية، أو اجتماعية، أو سياسية، أو غيرها.
The Shamanism in Altai and Tuva from past to present: Universal and Local Aspects
Authors:   Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Sukru Burbar
Published: October 2023

Shamanism is a system composed of various elements of culture and belief, created by people to understand life and come to grips with what is happening around them. It has an elaborate structure in terms of existing in well-rounded communities. It has various features that have different aspects compared to the different times and conditions of the society. It also adopts local beliefs and the beliefs of the surrounding tribes. Shamanism allows everyone to have a religious concept and to have his or her own God or Gods. The technique of trance, also called «ecstasy», is an essential part. It is based on the worship of magic, curses, divination, polytheism, ancestral spirits and nature beings. Those who practice and teach shamanism are called Kam/Shaman. To some they are magicians, witch doctors, illusionists and to others they are oracles, doctors, sages, philosophers, pagan priests, fortunetellers and storytellers. Attempts have been made to either control or abolish shamanism and shamans because many of their characteristics are in opposition to other belief systems such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and communist ideology. In addition, the economic suffering caused by the constant blood sacrifices of the society who live on herding led to the emergence of Burhanism among the Altaians, another factor that weakened shamanism from within. Over time, shamanism acquired a status that the oppression of the shamans who led their communities sought to end. Despite all this, shamanism resisted the pressure and disguised itself when necessary. It always managed to update itself and has survived with some changes until today
The concept of a perfect human in the poetics of zhyrau
Authors:   Sh. Yessenov Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering, Iliyaskyzy Nurdauletova Bibaysha , Tabigatuly Shokhaev Mustafa ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kenganova Anar ,   Sh. Yessenov Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering
Published: October 2023

Zhyrau are Akyns – storytellers of a special art who create and disseminate the oral poetic creations of the people. The oral epic tradition existed in ancient Greece, Arabia, among the Turkic peoples and until the 40-50s of the XX century – in Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Macedonia. The main feature of the Zhyrau poetic tradition is that the legends are passed down from generation to generation orally rather than in writing. The worldview in Zhyrau poetry is determined by universal human values such as life and death, joy and sorrow, homeland, which are revealed in the conceptual intentions of the national consciousness, namely the concepts of a perfect human being, the creation of the world and the fatherland.The article is devoted to the understanding of Sufism in the work of Kazakh zhyrau, especially the numerous zhyrau of Western Kazakhstan. The authors note that in the study of Sufism there are still no systematic studies that show the role of Sufism in the spiritual and moral development of a person, his cultural and intellectual development. Among the European scholars to whom the authors refer, there are contradictory opinions about the main postulates of Sufism.The authors state that the concept of ‘kamili insan’, a perfect person, is one of the main purposes of the teachings of Sufism, the attainment of full human individuality through spiritual purification, asceticism and a person’s rejection of material values. In addition, other important terms of Sufism such as zіkіr, pіkіr etu, shukіr etu, taubaga kelu, taglym, and iman are subjected to philosophical, theological, historical, cultural and semantic analysis in the article. Poetic texts of zhyrau-akyns served as illustrative material for this analysis.
Confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the western part of Kazakhstan (mid XIX – early XX centuries)
Authors:   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Baktygalievna Sabyrgaliyeva Nazgul
Published: October 2023

Undoubtedly, the western region of Kazakhstan is unique and strategically important compared to other regions. First of all, the influence of the Kazan and Ufa madrassas, the largest Muslim centers in the region due to their geographical location, and the international nature of the Jadid movement, and secondly, the richness of archival data and the independence of religious representatives from the region should be accentuated. At the same time, the Muslim influence of Tatar mullahs’ activeness in the region weakened, and the number of educated Kazakh clerics increased, who, in their turn, joined forces with the Alash intelligentsia to intensify the struggle for national liberation. The western region of Kazakhstan has long been distinguished by its close historical and cultural ties with Volga Bulgaria, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and developed Muslim centers such as Iran and Khorezm. Especially in the late XVIII-XIX centuries cultural ties with the Volga-Ural region intensified as the Kazakhs of Junior Zhuz became Russian citizens and further integrated into the Empire. In other words, favorable historical conditions have been created in this region for the rapid development of Islam. Therefore, the geographical scope of the topic is based on the western regions of Kazakhstan.
Common motifs in the «Kultegin», «Bilge Kagan» and «Tonykok» poems: the image of the ancient Turkic worldview
Authors:   Turkish State Institute of the Turkish Language, Gulsevin Gurer , Kulbarak Samen ,   Research center «Dulatytanu»
Published: October 2023

The written monuments of «Kultegin», «Bilge Kagan», «Tonykok» (VIII-IX centuries) describe the worldview, beliefs and customs of the ancient Turks, the hard time they experienced and the role of individuals in building a strong state. The concept of «Tengri» takes a special place in defining the ancient Turkic worldview in historical and genealogical poems. Blessed Tengri gave them a special energy, fighting spirit in establishing a great Turkic state. Interstate diplomacy, victorious campaigns, special merits of individuals in strengthening the state and their passing away, mourning their loss at the national level, beliefs and customs, habitat, and their attitude to nature are depicted. The article analyzes the microconceptions «Tengri», «state», «kagan», «batyr», «Akylgey dana», «unity of the country», «aruak» and others on the basis of plot connections. The complex nature of time, the strength of the spirit in preserving the unity of the country, the ideology of the struggle against the enemy state and other features are analyzed, the features of the ancient Turkic concept of «peace» are considered. In the poem «Bilge Kagan» and the poem «Kultegin» similarities of author’s signature, views, campaigns and common inhabitance can be observed. One of the main features manifested in the poem «Bilge Kagan» is respect for the ties between ancestors, brothers and sisters. In the ancient Turkic tradition-the rite of veneration and veneration of the aruak. The poem «Tonykok» describes the historical stages of the formation of the Turkic khaganate as a state. In the poem, Tonykok is described not only as an adviser, but also as a hero and commander of an army who made an invaluable contribution to the formation of the Turkic Khaganate as a strong state. The poem has an autobiographical, historical and genealogical character.
Profitability Review of Islamic Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Dahrani Dahrani , Nainggolan Edisah Putra
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the Profitability Review of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Profitability is measured by the Return on Assets (ROA) indicator which is influenced by Mudharabah Financing and Musyarakah Financing. The population in this study is Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia, with a sample of 10 banks selected purposively. This study used a quantitative approach and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results show that mudharabah financing partially has a positive and significant effect on profitability (ROA). Meanwhile, musyarakah financing partially has a negative and significant effect on profitability (ROA). Then mudharabah financing and musyarakah financing simultaneously affect profitability (ROA) in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia.
Calculation of the effectiveness of the actual detergent effect of detergents
Authors:   JSC firm ", Lashkhi V.L. ,   NAMI-CHEM", Chudinovskikh A.L. ,   JSC firm "NAMI-CHEM", Tatur I.R. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University)
Published: October 2023

Detergents actively neutralize acidic foods and prevent the formation of deposits at high temperatures. This is realized by solubilization and through the formation of adsorption layers from micelle detergents. The article discusses aspects of the possible calculation of the detergent effect
МОДЕЛІ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ НА ОСНОВІ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ЇЇ СКЛАДОВИХ
Authors: Сяоцін Го
Published: October 2023

Розвиток науки і практики менеджменту призвів до появи і розвитку комплексних технологій управління – цілісних систем, що сприяють підвищенню ефективності бізнесу завдяки структуруванню та скоординованості функцій управління, спрямованих на досягнення цілей сталого розвитку організації. У сучасних підприємств існує потреба у виборі моделей формування таких технологій через інтеграцію її компонентів. Мета статті полягає в аналізі та систематизації основних характеристик моделей формування комплексної технології управління підприємством та у обґрунтуванні її компонентів з урахуванням вимог сучасного бізнес-середовища. Для досягнення мети було використано методи теоретичного узагальнення, аналізу і синтезу, компаративного аналізу. Проведений аналіз наявних моделей формування комплексної технології управління підприємством дозволив виділити системну, процесну, синергетичну, інноваційну, комплексну, ризик-орієнтовану. Виявлено, що у більшості моделей, за виключенням ризик-орієнтованих, недостатньо уваги приділяється систематичній оцінці та управлінню ризиками, що з урахуванням сучасних тенденцій посилення різноманітних загроз має бути невід’ємною частиною технології управління підприємством. Визначено, що хоча існуючі ризик-орієнтовані моделі формування комплексної технології управління підприємством включають у себе процес оцінювання й управління ризиками, проте він пов’язаний із впровадженням інтегрованої системи менеджменту, а не з її функціонуванням. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання комбінованої моделі інтеграції окремих технологій, а саме доповнення комплексної моделі ризик-орієнтованою складовою. При цьому на відміну від існуючих ризик-орієнтованих моделей пропонуємо впровадити процес оцінювання й управління ризиками не лише при імплементації комплексної управлінської технології на рівні окремих технологій, що інтегруються, а й в процесі постійного функціонування створеної комплексної технології. Це забезпечить безперервне вдосконалення, підвищення результативності, якості організаційних процесів і продукції, задоволення інтересів стейкхолдерів, зниження втрат, і у кінцевому підсумку досягнення цілей сталого розвитку організації.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ЧИННИКІВ ФІНАНСОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ГІБРИДНИХ АГРЕСІЙ ТА ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Яструбецька Леся
Published: October 2023

В статті обґрунтовано необхідність врахування фінансового та соціально-психологічного підходів до вивчення чинників забезпечення фінансової безпеки суб’єктів підприємництва в Україні в умовах гібридних агресій та воєнного стану. Автором розроблено структурно-логічну схему використання запропонованих концептуальних підходів. Аргументовано доцільність використання щодо діяльності суб’єктів господарювання в умовах невизначеності, притаманним сучасній безпековій ситуації в світі, поняття «динамічна рівновага», що дає змогу усунути будь-які аспекти сталості, статики та заперечення змін. Розкрито об’єкт і предмет наукового пізнання згідно фінансового підходу – фінансові параметри суб’єкта підприємництва та динамічна фінансова рівновага. Визначено об’єкт і предмет наукового пізнання з огляду на соціально-психологічні аспекти – гібридні фінансові конфлікти й динамічна рівновага в гібридних фінансових конфліктах. Поглиблено розуміння сутності поняття «фінансова безпека суб’єктів підприємництва» із врахуванням фінансової та соціально-психологічної складової досліджуваної проблематики.
ТИПОЛОГІЯ ТА ВИДИ РИЗИКІВ ПРОЄКТНОГО ФІНАНСУВАННЯ
Authors: Васютинська Л.А. , Бутенко Т.В.
Published: October 2023

Стаття присвячена поглибленню теоретичних засад ризиків проєктного фінансування та розробці пропозицій щодо їх систематизації відповідно до типів і видів. Проаналізовано існуючі підходи до визначення класифікаційних ознак проєктних ризиків. Виявлено їх характерні особливості. З’ясовано, що для групування ризиків проєктного фінансування варто виходити з постулату, що останні впливають на можливість отримувати певні доходи, які зможуть покривати витрати проєкту на вкладений капітал й відповідно приносити прибуток. Розроблено узагальнену класифікацію ризиків проєктного фінансування з огляду на фази життєвого циклу, джерела фінансування, рівень здійсненності проєкту, а також характер виявлення, рівень значущості і допустимості ризику. Досліджено взаємовплив і взаємообумовленість ризиків. Запропоновано типізацію ризиків за областями проєктного фінансування з огляду на певні управлінські процеси з виокремленням їх видів відповідно до наведеної типізації.