bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coordenação Regulatória Sobre Procedimentos Estéticos Autorizados Pelos Conselhos Profissionais Da Saúde: O Papel Do Judiciário Brasileiro
Authors: Wanderley Mayrinkellison Peres , Corrêa Raphael
Published: January 2020

Os procedimentos estéticos são uma realidade na sociedade hodierna. Neste domínio, a medicina e as ciências médicas rapidamente absorveram este mercado e os conselhos profissionais não tardaram em editar Resoluções para regulamentar tais atividades, sempre prezando pela legitimidade de cada filiado a exercer a dermatologia estética ou cosmiatria. Os conflitos decorrentes da falta de coordenação regulatória chegaram ao Judiciário, que tem sido o órgão eleito pelos conselhos para resolver as controvérsias decorrentes da superposição de atribuições editadas através de suas normas e regulamentos. As decisões, porém, não têm sido suficientes ou não têm atendido à imperiosa necessidade de coordenação regulatória desse setor da economia e da atividade profissional. O presente artigo pretende apresentar as bases normativas geradas pelos conselhos profissionais para autorizar seus associados a exercerem a dermatologia estética e como o Judiciário vem julgando tais demandas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de se forjar um modelo de coordenação regulatória que promova uma interação entre os conselhos como medida para ponderar o atual sistema de autorregulação dos conselhos profissionais no Brasil.
Regime Jurídico Do Contrato De Alienação Fiduciária Em Garantia
Authors: Almeida Marcus Elidius Michelli de
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discorrer sobre o contrato de alienação fiduciária que recai sobre bens móveis e imóveis, sua natureza jurídica, partes, requisitos objetivos, subjetivos e formais, distinguindo-o de outros institutos, tais como a hipoteca e o penhor. Pretende-se estudar as consequências do inadimplemento de contratos dessa natureza, bem como as questões controvertidas que envolvem essa modalidade contratual, como a aplicabilidade do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, os efeitos da falência do devedor e do contrato de locação, para os casos em que o bem locado é objeto de alienação fiduciária. São discutidas, ainda, as vantagens que tal modalidade contratual apresenta, sob o ponto de vista do credor fiduciário, especialmente no que tange à agilidade na consolidação da propriedade, em caso de inadimplemento do devedor.
A Extradição À Luz Dos Princípios De Cooperação Jurídica Internacional Previstos No Novo CPC
Authors: Melo Inês da Trindade Chaves de , Flores Nilton Cesar da Silva
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a extradição à luz dos princípios de cooperação jurídica internacional previstos no Novo Código de Processo Civil. Para tanto, inicialmente, faz-se necessária a abordagem do conceito de extradição, vislumbrada como medida de cooperação internacional, bem como as exigências legais da Lei 13.445/2017 (Lei de Migração). Aliás, a abordagem da lei de migração é de suma importância por ter revogado o Estatuto do Estrangeiro, até então norma responsável por ditar as regras a serem observadas nos casos em concreto sobre a extradição. Na verdade, muito antes da abordagem do assunto principal, mister analisar os requisitos legais da nova lei que aborda a extradição, uma vez que sua análise é primordial para a chegada do tema sobre princípios, que são bases primordiais de análise de qualquer decisão sobre extradição. Em seguida, o artigo enumera os princípios próprios da cooperação internacional previstos no Novo Código de Processo Civil, diretamente ligados ao instituto da extradição, e também os compara ao Código Modelo de Cooperação Interjurisdicional para Ibero- -América, proposto como norte de adequação dos Estados-Membros quando o assunto é cooperação internacional, como o próprio nome diz. Por fim, o artigo estabelece um paralelo entre os princípios diretrizes da Lei de Migração, vislumbrando-se tudo isso em um caso em concreto, utilizando o método lógico-dedutivo.
Sobre El Procedimento Para El Reconocimiento Y La Ejecución De Las Resoluciones De Embargo: El Reglamento (UE) 2018/1805
Authors: Marín María Ángeles Pérez
Published: January 2020

El Reglamento (UE) 2018/1805 adopta normas comunes para garantizar la efectividad de los procedimientos reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones de embargo y resoluciones de decomiso en el espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia. Para ello, el legislador se basa en el principio de reconocimiento mutuo.

Hasta hoy, la regulación estaba excesivamente fragmentada y dificultaba una interpretación uniforme de las normas, con la consiguiente dificultad para lograr los objetivos del decomiso. En este contexto, el embargo es una medida fundamental, pues, a través de ella, los bienes que posteriormente serán decomisados permanecen localizados durante todo el proceso, garantizando el cumplimiento de la sentencia. Durante el procedimiento pueden concurrir circunstancias que impidan el reconocimiento o la ejecución que presentan algunas dificultades ante la necesidad de coordinar la regulación europea con la regulación nacional, provocando diferencias ente ordenamientos que no permiten considerar que nos encontramos ante procedimientos que garanticen idénticos resultados en todos los Estados miembros.
La pedagogía del diseño = The pedagogy of design
Authors: Fernández Urrego Oscar Andrés
Published: January 2020

ResumenEl presente estado del arte, refleja la relación que existe entre los procesos de diseño y la pedagogía del diseño, desde los métodos de diseño, la evaluación, el enfoque por competencias y la didáctica aplicada.Recoge, las habilidades y competencias que los docente y estudiantes deben adquirir, para que la enseñanza y el aprendizaje sean significativos; teniendo en cuenta que los procesos de diseño no han sido abordados en la academia como parte fundamental de la pedagogía del diseño, porque se presentan como modelos teóricos-conceptuales y no se relacionan adecuadamente con la didáctica aplicada. Por otro lado, se observa cómo la valoración que merece el docente de diseño, está comprometida con la visión local del proceso de diseño, con el modelo pedagógico institucional y con las estrategias pedagógicas que son implementadas. Finalmente, se exponen las características comunes de la pedagogía del diseño: a nivel local, a nivel regional, y a nivel mundial. AbstractThe present state of the art, reflects the relationship between design processes and design pedagogy, from design methods, evaluation, competency-based approach and applied didactics. Collect the skills and competences that teachers and students must acquire, so that teaching and learning are meaningful; Taking into account that the design processes have not been approached in the academyas a fundamental part of the design pedagogy, because are presented as theoretical- conceptual models and are not adequately related to applied didactics. On the other side, it is observed how the evaluation that the design teacher deserves, is committed to the local vision of the design process, with the institutional pedagogical model and with the pedagogical strategies that are implemented. Finally, the common characteristics of design pedagogy are exposed: locally, regionally, and globally.
Reflexiones sobre la propia experiencia: ser docente en áreas de Arte y Diseño = Reflections about my own experience: be a teacher in Arts and Design Areas
Authors: De Miguel Álvarez Laura
Published: January 2020

ResumenSer docente a la vez de asignaturas pertenecientes a áreas como las Bellas Artes y el Diseño (Industrial, Gráfico, de Moda, de Interiores, etc.) resulta una tarea estimulante en cuanto a la búsqueda de conexiones metodológicas de mi desempeño para/con los estudiantes dentro de ambas áreas de conocimiento y a través de modalidades distintas de aprendizaje, presencial y online.Favorecer el surgimiento de indicios significativos que les ayuden a tomarlas riendas de su capacidad proyectiva es de suma importancia en cada uno de los contextos en los que llevo a cabo mi labor.Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal estimular la búsqueda de metodologías basadas en proyectos que visibilicen los procesos de aprendizaje en áreas de Arte y Diseño, para que los estudiantes desarrollen su capacidad creativa sin descuidar su juicio crítico dirigido, en todo momento, a su futuro desempeño profesionalAbstractTo simultaneously teach subjects like Fine Arts and Design (Industrial, Graphic, Fashion, Interior, etc.) turns out to be a stimulating task searching methodological connections for/with the students in both areas of knowledge can apply different learning process.I encourage them to find in the process the base that would help them to acquire their own design expertise, the base within in each of the contexts Fine Arts and Design.This article is aimed to stimulate the search of new methodologies based on projects that show any learning process in Art or Design, so that the students can develop their own creative capacity without neglecting their critical judgment (of primary importance to their future professional life).
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.) Berbasis Nanoteknologi Liposom Sebagai Pengobatan Antihiperglikemia
Authors: Nugroho Bambang Hernawan , Ningrum Aldia Dwi Karina , Pertiwi Denox Asih , Salsabila Tasya , Syukri Yandi
Published: January 2020

Kandungan flavonoid dalam ekstrak daun tin (Ficus carica L.) memiliki aktiftas anti diabetes. Namun, ekstrak daun tin memiliki kelarutan dan absorpsi yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas liposom ekstrak daun tin sebagai antihiperglikemia terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa ikan zebra. Ekstrak daun tin distandarisasi berdasarkan parameter nonspesifik kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam liposom. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi melalui pengamatan terbentuknya liposom secara visual, pembacaan ukuran partikel dengan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), uji stabilitas, dan Transmission Electron Myroscope (TEM). Uji antihiperglikemia terdiri dari tiga kelompok dan dipilih secara acak.  Kelompok kontrol negatif, positif, dan perlakuan diberi Aloksan pada hari pertama dan glukosa 1%. Pada hari ke-7, kelompok kontrol positif diberi Metformin, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberi liposom. Ikan zebra diperiksa kadar gula darah puasa dengan glucometer. Formula ke-5 dengan waktu ultrasonikasi selama 8 menit telah memenuhi kriteria sediaan liposom yang baik dengan karakteristik warna putih susu, ukuran partikel 116,17 ± 4,40nm; PI 0,439 ± 0,01Ð; zeta potensial -18,53 ± 0,41mV; stabil selama 24 jam; dengan morfologi bentuk bulat, memanjang, dan tidak beraturan. Liposom ekstrak daun tin terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa ikan zebra sebesar 62,09%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa liposom ekstrak daun tin berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengobatan antihiperglikemia.
Critical thinking skills, 7e learning cycle model, science of elementary school
Authors: Septianingrum Inggit
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to improve student’s critical thinking skills in water cycle material and human activities that influence it by applying the learning cycle model 7e. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted for two cycles. The research subjects were fifth grade students of SD N Pajang II Surakarta in 2018/2019 which amounted to 24 students. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, tests and documentation. The validity test using triangulation. While the analysis of this research data uses an interactive data analysis model by Miles-Huberman. The initial conditions indicate that students' critical thinking skills are 8.34% classically. The results obtained from the first cycle of action in the first learning were 21.74% classically, the second learning increased to 30.44% classically, and the third lesson increased to 40.91% classically. The study continued to the second cycle in the first learning increased to 56.53%, the second learning increased to 77.27% classically, and the third learning had reached 86.96% classically.
Penerapan Model Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan Benda Nyata untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Pecahan pada Peserta Didik Kelas II SDN Jenar Lor Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Anspita Gesti Dias
Published: January 2020

Gesti Dias Anspita. PENERAPAN MODEL THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) DENGAN BENDA NYATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DASAR PECAHAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SDN JENAR LOR TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019. Skripsi, Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, September 2019.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dasar pecahan peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 melalui penerapan model Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan benda nyata. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Tiap siklus meliputi kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dengan banyaknya peserta didik 17 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah validitas isi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik milik Miles dan Huberman, meliputi, pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa saat pratindakan, belum ada peserta didik yang tuntas KKM dengan nilai rerata pratindakan 40,94. Setelah dilaksanakan penelitian siklus I, nilai rerata akhir siklus I menjadi 78,59 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 64,71%. Ketuntasan klasikal tersebut mengalami peningkatan pada pada siklus II menjadi 88,23% dengan nilai rerata 86. Simpulannya, penerapan model Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan benda nyata  dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pecahan pada peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor tahun ajaran 2018/2019.

Kata kunci: pemahaman konsep, pecahan, model think pair share dengan benda nyata, sekolah dasar.
AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING STYLE WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF 5-6 YEARS OLD
Authors: Pratiwi Defanny Fauziyah , Hafidah Ruli , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma
Published: January 2020

The family is the place where the education process takes place. Parents hold the first and foremost role for child development which is an important task and cannot be separated from various challenges. Parenting style is one of the behavioral factors and actions of children since early to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between authoritarian parenting and the aggressive behavior of children aged 5-6 years. Sampling using purposive sampling technique amounted to 37 parents and children aged 5-6 years in Mojolegi, Teras, Boyolali. Data in this study were obtained from questionnaires. The technique of analyzing questionnaire items using the total corrected item-total correlation. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between authoritarian parenting and the aggressive behavior of children with r = 0.996 with p = 0.000 with the help of SPSS 16 for windows. This value shows a positive result which means that the higher the authoritarian parenting style, the higher the child's aggressive behavior.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PKn melalui Metode Kooperatif Pada Siswa SD
Authors: Suhartini Christina
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement for grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester 2017/2018 academic year? The goal to be achieved is to prove that the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement of grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester of the school year 2017/2018. This research was conducted at Nanggulan Cawas Klaten Public Elementary School 2. While the time of the study was
conducted from February to March 2018. The subjects of this study were grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan Cawas Klaten in the second semester of the school year 2017/2018. This action research uses the classroom action research flow. The data analysis technique used uses several stages, namely data reduction, presentation and conclusion. From the results of the research carried out since planning, repairs to implementation and evaluation, it can be concluded that the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement of fourth grade students of SDN 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester 2017/2018 school year. This was proven before the improvement in the percentage of students' completeness in learning was only 27.78% or 5 students, in the improvement of the first cycle to 55.6% (of 18 students, which was not completed 8 students) and in the second cycle the percentage of student mastery reached 94, 44%. Of the 18 students, 17 of them have achieved mastery learning, while the one student is still incomplete.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Silabus melalui Bimbingan dan Supervisi di SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas
Authors: Rusmiyati S
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to improve the competence of teachers in SD
Negeri 1 Kalinanas in compiling learning syllabus documents. The study was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas for ± 5 months starting July 2015 to December 2015. The number of teachers in SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas who attended Guidance and Supervision amounted to 9 teachers. Data collection is done through interviews, observation and documentation. From the interview, the results showed that overall the teachers at SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas stated that it was important to prepare the learning syllabus documents very well. The study was conducted in 2 cycles. In the pre cycle, the average value of 77 was obtained with a percentage of 52% achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicator. In cycle 1 the average value was 84 with 67% achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicators, and the second cycle on average 98 with a 95% percentage of achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicators. There was an increase in teacher competency in the preparation of syllabus after Guidance and Supervision were carried out by the principal of SD 1 Kalinanas.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Puisi Anak dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sutarti Sutarti
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This study aims to determine the improvement of children's poetry reading skills with the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach in Class V Students of SDN 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, Semester I, Academic Year 2018/2019. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in the fifth grade of Nanggulan Elementary School 2 in Cawas District, Klaten Regency with a total of 17 students, consisting of 3 male students and 14 female students. This classroom action research is carried out three cycles in a continuous manner. Each cycle is carried out by planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting to determine the effectiveness of the action. Based on the analysis, it can be
concluded as follows: First, based on observations of teacher performance the results of the average score of teacher performance have increased from learning Cycle I for 1.3 Cycle II learning to 2.3, and at Cycle III 2.7. With the criteria of a sufficient limit score is a score of 2 and a score of 3 is good; Second, based on student activity data for three cycles, the average score about student activity experienced an increase from Cycle I learning at 1.2 learning Cycle II to 2.0 and in Cycle III learning to 2.8; Third, based on the results of the assessment of
reading children's poetry with the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach, the average score of the test results and assignments has increased from Cycle I learning to 70.89 Cycle II learning to 75.59 and Cycle III learning to 79.71 . Increasing the percentage of classical learning completeness by learning cycle I was 41.18%, learning Cycle II became 58.82%, and learning in Cycle III reached 82.35%. Thus through the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach the ability to read children's poetry in Class V students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, in the first semester of school year 2018/2019 can increase.
Upaya Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Lari Jarak Pendek melalui Metode Bermain pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suwarti Titi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Short distance learning in Mlese Gantiwarno Public Elementary School 2 in Klaten, which is monotonous, makes students feel bored so that the process and achievement of learning outcomes are less than optimal. This study aims to determine the increase in motivation to learn short distance running in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese Gantiwarno Klaten Semester II 2017/2018 Academic Year through the method of playing. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN 2 Mlese, Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency, which amounted to 20 students. The
data collection technique uses observation sheets to determine student interest, motivation questionnaires, and student perform nce sheets. The results showed that the average score of the aspects of interest was 76.35 so that the average interest of students had exceeded 70, thus the interest of students had increased. The performance aspects of students showed an average value of 72.95, this indicates that the value of students has achieved a minimum of completeness, namely 70, so that the target of 70% of students completed has been fulfilled.
Based on the motivation questionnaire shows that 64.1% of children have good motivation. The fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese in each cycle experienced an increase and by giving the method of playing students felt happy or felt interested in taking short distance learning. So that learning through the method of playing approach in short distance running material in class V students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese has succeeded in increasing students' motivation and learning achievement in following the learning.
Barriers to Health Care for Latino Youths During Community Reentry After Incarceration: Los Angeles County, California, 2016–2018
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth S. , Lopez Nathalie , Chung Paul J.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine barriers to health care for Latino youths during reentry after incarceration.

Methods. For this in-depth qualitative study, we conducted 69 semistructured interviews with 22 Latino youths and their parents at 1, 3, and 6 months after incarceration. We performed thematic analysis of interview transcripts, from which a preliminary conceptual model emerged describing barriers to care for Latino youths. We then conducted trajectory analyses of dyadic youth–caregiver pairs to test the conceptual model. We collected longitudinal interviews in Los Angeles County, California, from November 2016 to March 2018.

Results. Beyond recognized stressors experienced by youths during reentry, most of which families related to poverty and neighborhood environment, Latino youths also experienced cultural barriers to care (i.e., self-reliance and pride, religiosity and reproductive care as taboo, preference for home remedies, language) as well as barriers to care because of undocumented status (i.e., fear of deportation, job insecurity).

Conclusions. Reentry is challenging, and Latino youths face additional barriers to care during reentry related to culture and legal status, but have cultural strengths. Increased access to culturally sensitive, safety-net health care, regardless of immigration status, may reduce health inequalities for Latino youths undergoing reentry.
Psychological Distress in Solitary Confinement: Symptoms, Severity, and Prevalence in the United States, 2017–2018
Authors: Reiter Keramet , Ventura Joseph , Lovell David , Augustine Dallas , Barragan Melissa , Blair Thomas , Chesnut Kelsie , Dashtgard Pasha , Gonzalez Gabriela , Pifer Natalie , Strong Justin
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To specify symptoms and measure prevalence of psychological distress among incarcerated people in long-term solitary confinement.

Methods. We gathered data via semistructured, in-depth interviews; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) assessments; and systematic reviews of medical and disciplinary files for 106 randomly selected people in solitary confinement in the Washington State Department of Corrections in 2017. We performed 1-year follow-up interviews and BPRS assessments with 80 of these incarcerated people, and we present the results of our qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results. BPRS results showed clinically significant symptoms of depression, anxiety, or guilt among half of our research sample. Administrative data showed disproportionately high rates of serious mental illness and self-harming behavior compared with general prison populations. Interview content analysis revealed additional symptoms, including social isolation, loss of identity, and sensory hypersensitivity.

Conclusions. Our coordinated study of rating scale, interview, and administrative data illustrates the public health crisis of solitary confinement. Because 95% or more of all incarcerated people, including those who experienced solitary confinement, are eventually released, understanding disproportionate psychopathology matters for developing prevention policies and addressing the unique needs of people who have experienced solitary confinement, an extreme element of mass incarceration.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018
Authors: Camplain Ricky , Camplain Carolyn , Trotter Robert T. , Pro George , Sabo Samantha , Eaves Emery , Peoples Marie , Baldwin Julie A.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To estimate the association between race/ethnicity and drug- and alcohol-related arrest outcomes.

Methods. We used multinomial logistic regression and general estimating equations to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes in 36 073 drug- and alcohol-related arrests obtained from administrative records in a Southwest US county from 2009 to 2018. Results were stratified by charge type.

Results. Among misdemeanor drug- and alcohol-related arrests, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.32, 3.90), Latino (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.73), and Black persons (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55) were more likely than White persons to be booked into jail as opposed to cited and released. AI/AN (AOR = 10.77; 95% CI = 9.40, 12.35), Latino (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 2.12, 3.28), and Black persons (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.84) also were more likely than White persons to be convicted and serve time for their misdemeanor charges. Results were similar for felony drug- and alcohol-related arrests aggregated and stratified.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that race/ethnicity is associated with outcomes in drug-related arrests and that overrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system cannot be attributed to greater use of drugs and alcohol in general.
Incarceration and Number of Sexual Partners After Incarceration Among Vulnerable US Women, 2007–2017
Authors: Knittel Andrea K. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Rudolph Jacqueline , Edmonds Andrew , Ramirez Catalina , Cohen Mardge , Adedimeji Adebola , Taylor Tonya , Michel Katherine G. , Milam Joel , Cohen Jennifer , Donohue Jessica , Foster Antonina , Fischl Margaret , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Adimora Adaora A.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine whether women’s incarceration increases numbers of total and new sexual partners.

Methods. US women with or at risk for HIV in a multicenter cohort study answered incarceration and sexual partner questions semiannually between 2007 and 2017. We used marginal structural models to compare total and new partners at visits not following incarceration with all visits following incarceration and visits immediately following incarceration. Covariates included demographics, HIV status, sex exchange, drug or alcohol use, and housing instability.

Results. Of the 3180 participants, 155 were incarcerated. Women reported 2 partners, 3 or more partners, and new partners at 5.2%, 5.2%, and 9.3% of visits, respectively. Relative to visits not occurring after incarceration, odds ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 4.85) for 2 partners, 2.03 (95% CI = 0.97, 4.26) for 3 or more partners, and 3.24 (95% CI = 1.69, 6.22) for new partners at visits immediately after incarceration. Odds ratios were similar for all visits following incarceration.

Conclusions. Women had more total partners and new partners immediately and at all visits following incarceration after confounders and loss to follow-up had been taken into account.
Quantifying the Restrictiveness of Local Housing Authority Policies Toward People With Criminal Justice Histories: United States, 2009–2018
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Gebrekristos Luwam T. , Keene Danya , Schlesinger Penelope , Niccolai Linda , Blankenship Kim M.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To quantify variation in the restrictiveness of local public housing authority policies related to the admission and eviction of people with criminal justice histories.

Methods. We conducted content analysis of housing authority policy documents for US cities with a population of 100 000 or more (n = 152). Factor analysis identified policy provisions to create a restrictiveness score (range = 0–8). We explored associations between restrictiveness scores and city-level measures of racial/ethnic diversity, racial/ethnic neighborhood segregation, ideology, and public housing scarcity.

Results. Eight policy provisions, 6 relating to consideration of mitigating circumstances, explained 71.0% of the variance in housing authority policy provisions related to criminal justice histories. We observed small but significant positive associations between restrictiveness scores and racial/ethnic diversity (r = 0.22) and neighborhood segregation (r = 0.18). There was no correlation between restrictiveness scores of housing authorities within the same state (intraclass correlation = 0.0002).

Conclusions. Housing authority policies vary substantially regarding the circumstances under which people with criminal justice histories can obtain and retain public housing. Exposure to constellations of policy provisions that might institutionalize health inequities and increase health risk among people with criminal justice histories can be quantified through a systematic process.
Policy Determinants of Inequitable Exposure to the Criminal Legal System and Their Health Consequences Among Young People
Authors: Duarte Catherine d. P. , Salas-Hernández Leslie , Griffin Joseph S.
Published: January 2020

Criminalizing young people, particularly Black- and Brown-identified young people, has increasingly been a feature of US rhetoric, policies, and practices. Thus, the domains in which young people are exposed to the legal system have continued to expand, encompassing their communities, schools, and homes. Importantly, public health researchers have begun exploring links between legal system exposure and health, although this literature is primarily focused at the interpersonal level and assesses associations within a single domain or in adulthood.

Using critical race theory and ecosocial theory of disease distribution, we identified potential policy-level determinants of criminalization and briefly summarized the literature on downstream health outcomes among young people. Our analysis suggests that policy decisions may facilitate the targeting of structurally marginalized young people across domains.

Future research should (1) position these legislative decisions as primary exposures of interest to understand their association with health among young people and inform institutional-level intervention, (2) measure the totality of exposure to the criminal legal system across domains, and (3) use theory to examine the complex ways racism operates institutionally to shape inequitable distributions of associated health outcomes.
Conducting Health Research in Carceral Systems: Considerations and Recommendations
Authors: Neher Taylor L. , Udochi Aisha L. , Wilson Kayla A. , Guillory Devin M. , Zaller Nickolas D. , Zielinski Melissa J.
Published: January 2020

Although the number of people incarcerated in the United States has grown dramatically, research on how incarceration affects individuals and the communities they return to has lagged behind. This may be because of the unique challenges of doing research within carceral systems and the relatively small number of investigators who are competent to undertake these efforts.

We provide a primer for investigators with limited experience conducting research in carceral settings and highlight considerations and recommendations that may aid those conducting health research with incarcerated persons. We follow this with an illustrative case example exemplifying how the considerations apply to recent health research that our team conducted on mental illness prevalence in a large regional jail.

Understanding how to effectively conduct research with criminal justice populations and systems is the first step in beginning to understand the effects of mass incarceration as a driver of health disparities and health inequity.
Negative Police Encounters and Police Avoidance as Pathways to Depressive Symptoms Among US Black Men, 2015–2016
Authors: Bowleg Lisa , Maria del Río-González Ana , Mbaba Mary , Boone Cheriko A. , Holt Sidney L.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine negative police encounters and police avoidance as mediators of incarceration history and depressive symptoms among US Black men and to assess the role of unemployment as a moderator of these associations.

Methods. Data were derived from the quantitative phase of Menhood, a 2015–2016 study based in Washington, DC. Participants were 891 Black men, 18 to 44 years of age, who completed computer surveys. We used moderated mediation to test the study’s conceptual model.

Results. The results showed significant indirect effects of incarceration history on depressive symptoms via negative police encounters and police avoidance. Unemployment moderated the indirect effect via police avoidance. Participants with a history of incarceration who were unemployed reported significantly higher police avoidance and, in turn, higher depressive symptoms. Moderation of unemployment on the indirect effect via negative police encounters was not significant.

Conclusions. There is a critical need to broaden research on the health impact of mass incarceration to include other aspects of criminal justice involvement (e.g., negative police encounters and police avoidance) that negatively affect Black men’s mental health.
Plasma HER2ECD a promising test for patient prognosis and prediction of response in HER2 positive breast cancer: Results of a randomized study - SAKK 22/99.
Authors: Eppenberger-Castori Serenella , Klingbiel Dirk , Ruhstaller Thomas , Dietrich Daniel , Rufle Daniel Alexander , Rothgiesser Karin , Pagani Olivia , Thürlimann Beat
Published: January 2020

Background: The HER2 extracellular domain shed in blood (HER2ECD) is reported to rise and fall in parallel with HER2+ breast cancer behavior. In this study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of plasma HER2ECD values in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in the SAKK22/99 trial comparing trastuzumab monotherapy followed by trastuzumab-chemotherapy combination at progression versus upfront combination therapy. Methods : Quantitative assessment of plasma HER2ECD was performed in 133 patients at baseline; after 2-24 hours; at 3 weeks; at first response evaluation (8-9 weeks); and at tumor progression. Associations with tumor characteristics, disease course and trial treatment were evaluated.Results: Baseline HER2ECD levels were stable within 24 hours after the first trastuzumab injection. These plasma values correlated positively with the HER2 gene ratio (rs=0.39, P<0.001) and HER2 protein expression levels (rs=0.36, P<0.001) but not with ER/PR status of the primary tumor. HER2ECD baseline levels were positively associated with the presence of visceral disease (P=0.05) and poor patients’ outcome (Cox-regression: P=0.009). Patients with high baseline levels (>35ng/ml) had the worst overall survival (P=0.03) if treated with upfront combination therapy. Conversely, patients with low HER2ECD baseline values (<15ng/ml) had longer time to progression on combined trastuzumab-chemotherapy when first treated with trastuzumab monotherapy (P=0.02). Monitoring HER2ECD levels during the course of the trial revealed significant time (P=0.001) and time-treatment arm interactions (P=0.0007). Under upfront trastuzumab alone, the HER2ECD levels remained stable until just before disease progression. In patients responding to combination treatment HER2ECD levels decreased to >20%. Conclusions: Plasma HER2ECD levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer reflect HER2 disease status. This robust biomarker might help identifying patients without visceral disease profiting from a sequential treatment’s modality. Monitoring HER2ECD levels during trastuzumab monotherapy could help defining the optimal time to introduce chemotherapy.
Comparative transcriptome profiling provides insights into plant salt tolerance in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum)
Authors: Wu Peipei , Cogill Steven , Qiu Yijian , Li Zhigang , Zhou Man , Hu Qian , Chang Zhihui , Noorai Rooksana E. , Xia Xiaoxia , Saski Christopher , Raymer Paul , Luo Hong
Published: January 2020

Background: Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a halophytic warm-seasoned perennial grass, is tolerant of many environmental stresses, especially salt stress. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in seashore paspalum, physiological characteristics and global transcription profiles of highly (Supreme) and moderately (Parish) salinity-tolerant cultivars under normal and salt stressed conditions were analyzed.Results: Physiological characterization comparing highly (Supreme) and moderately (Parish) salinity-tolerant cultivars revealed that Supreme’s higher salinity tolerance is associated with higher Na+ and Ca2+ accumulation under normal conditions and further increase of Na+ under salt-treated conditions (400 mM NaCl), possibly by vacuolar sequestration. Moreover, K+ retention under salt treatment occurs in both cultivars, suggesting that it may be a conserved mechanism for prevention of Na+ toxicity. We sequenced the transcriptome of the two cultivars under both normal and salt-treated conditions (400 mM NaCl) using RNA-seq. De novo assembly of about 153 million high-quality reads and identification of Open Reading Frames (ORFs) uncovered a total of 82,608 non-redundant unigenes, of which 3,250 genes were identified as transcription factors (TFs). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation revealed the presence of genes involved in diverse cellular processes in seashore paspalum’s transcriptome. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 828 and 2,222 genes that are responsive to high salinity for Supreme and Parish, respectively. “Oxidation-reduction process” and “nucleic acid binding” are significantly enriched GOs among differentially expressed genes in both cultivars under salt treatment. Interestingly, compared to Parish, a number of salt stress induced transcription factors are enriched and show higher abundance in Supreme under normal conditions, possibly due to enhanced Ca2+ signaling transduction out of Na+ accumulation, which may be another contributor to Supreme’s higher salinity tolerance.Conclusion: Physiological and genomics analyses of seashore paspalum reveal major molecular underpinnings contributing to plant response to salt stress in this halophytic warm-seasoned perennial grass. The data obtained provide valuable molecular resources for functional studies and developing strategies to engineer plant salinity tolerance.
Feasibility and Evaluation of a Large-Scale External Validation Approach for Patient-Level Prediction in an International Data Network: Validation of models predicting stroke in female patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
Authors: Reps Jenna Marie , Williams Ross , You Seng Chan , Falconer Thomas , Minty Evan , Callahan Alison , Ryan Patrick B , Park Rae Woong , Rijnbeek Peter
Published: January 2020

Objective: To demonstrate how the Observational Healthcare Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI) collaborative network and standardization can be utilized to scale-up external validation of patient-level prediction models by enabling validation across a large number of heterogeneous observational healthcare datasets.Materials & Methods: Five previously published prognostic models (ATRIA, CHADS2, CHADS2VASC, Q-Stroke and Framingham) that predict future risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation were replicated using the OHDSI frameworks. A network study was run that enabled the five models to be externally validated across nine observational healthcare datasets spanning three countries and five independent sites. Results: The five existing models were able to be integrated into the OHDSI framework for patient-level prediction and they obtained mean c-statistics ranging between 0.57-0.63 across the 6 databases with sufficient data to predict stroke within 1 year of initial atrial fibrillation diagnosis for females with atrial fibrillation. This was comparable with existing validation studies. The validation network study was run across nine datasets within 60 days once the models were replicated. An R package for the study was published at https://github.com/OHDSI/StudyProtocolSandbox/tree/master/ExistingStrokeRiskExternalValidation.Discussion: This study demonstrates the ability to scale up external validation of patient-level prediction models using a collaboration of researchers and a data standardization that enable models to be readily shared across data sites. External validation is necessary to understand the transportability or reproducibility of a prediction model, but without collaborative approaches it can take three or more years for a model to be validated by one independent researcher. Conclusion : In this paper we show it is possible to both scale-up and speed-up external validation by showing how validation can be done across multiple databases in less than 2 months. We recommend that researchers developing new prediction models use the OHDSI network to externally validate their models.
Reliability and correlation of mixture cell correction in methylomic and transcriptomic blood data
Authors: Chaumette Boris , Kebir Oussama , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A. , Krebs Marie-Odile
Published: January 2020

Objectives : The number of DNA methylome and RNA transcriptome studies is growing, but investigators have to consider the cell type composition of tissues used. In blood samples, the data reflect the picture of a mixture of different cells. Specialized algorithms can address the cell-type heterogeneity issue. We tested if these corrections are correlated between two heterogeneous datasets. Results : We used methylome and transcriptome datasets derived from a cohort of ten individuals whose blood was sampled at two different timepoints. We examined how the cell composition derived from these omics correlated with each other using “CIBERSORT” for the transcriptome and “EstimateCellCounts function” for the methylome. The correlation coefficients between the two omic datasets ranged from 0.45 to 0.81 but correlations were minimal between two different timepoints. Our results suggest that a posteriori correction of a mixture of cells present in blood samples is reliable. Using an omic dataset to correct a second dataset for relative fractions of cells appears to be applicable, but only when the samples are simultaneously collected. This could be beneficial when there are difficulties to control the cell types in the second dataset, even when the sample size is limited.
Disease characteristics and treatment patterns of Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective study using medical records from China
Authors: Xu Ruihua , Wang Wei , Zhu Bo , Lin Xiaoyan , Ma Dong , Zhu Lingjun , Zhao Qingchuan , Nie Yongzhan , Cai Xiaohong , Li Qi , Fang Weijia , Li Hongyan , Wang Ning , Chen Yun , Peng Cike , Fang Honghao , Shen Lin
Published: January 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in China but few large-scale studies were conducted to understand CRC patients. The current study is aimed to gain a real-world perspectives of CRC patients in China. Methods: Using electronic medical records of sampled patients between 2011 and 2016 from 12 hospitals in China, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to describe demographics and disease prognosis of CRC patients, and examine treatment sequences among metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. Descriptive, comparative and survival analyses were conducted. Results: Among mCRC patients (3,878/8,136, 48%), the fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and other oxaliplatin-based regimens were the most widely-used first-line treatment (42%). Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and other irinotecan-based regimens dominated the second-line (40%). There was no a dominated regimen for the third-line. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy with targeted biologics increased from less than 20% for the first- and second- lines to 34% for the third-line (p<0.001). The most common sequence from first- to second-line was from FOLFOX and other oxaliplatin-based regimens to FOLFIRI and other irinotecan-based regimens (286/1,200, 24%).Conclusions: Our findings reflected a lack of consensus on the choice of third-line therapy and limited available options in China. It is evident o continue promoting early CRC diagnosis and to increase the accessibility of treatment options for mCRC patients. As the only nationwide large-scale study among CRC and mCRC patients before more biologics became available in China, our results can also be used as the baseline to assess treatment pattern changes before and after more third-line treatment were approved and covered into the National Health Insurance Plan in China between 2017 - 2018.