bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Kepatuhan Pengobatan terhadap Dukungan Keluarga dengan Pasien Skizofrenia
Authors: Syamsiyah Nurlathifah , Mulyanti Mulyanti
Published: December 2022

Background: Noncompliance with medication is a common concern among patients with schizophrenia. About half of schizophrenic patients who take medication do not take it as prescribed. The family has a crucial part in choosing on schizophrenia patients' care, including medication. The level of knowledge influences family support, furthermore, offering information through health education is one approach to boost knowledge.Objective: To determine how health education on medication compliance influenced family support in schizophrenia patients at Puskesmas Jetis II Bantul.Method: This study was a quasi-experimental  with a one-group pre-posttest design. The study was applied on 20 family caregivers of schizophrenia patients at Puskesmas Jetis II during May 2021. Family support questionnaire that had been modified and tested for validity and reliability was applied for collecting data. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate techniques (paired t test).Result: During the pre-test, 13 (65%) of respondents had good family support scores (average score = 67,25), furthermore in the post-test 17 (85%) of respondents had good family support scores (average score = 68,95). The p value for the bivariate analysis was 0,46 which was not statistically meaningful.Conclusion: The provision of health education about medication compliance in this research had no meaningful impact on family support.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh penderita skizofrenia adalah ketidakpatuhan minum obat. Sekitar 50% dari penderita skizofrenia yang melakukan pengobatan, tidak patuh minum obat. Keluarga mempunyai peranan sangat penting dalam memutuskan perawatan pasien skizofrenia, termasuk pengobatan. Tingkat pengetahuan memengaruhi dukungan keluarga, lebih jauh lagi cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, yakni melalui pendidikan kesehatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang kepatuhan minum obat terhadap dukungan keluarga pada pasien skizofrenia di Puskesmas Jetis II Bantul.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest dan posttest. Responden penelitian yaitu 20 orang keluarga pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jetis II, selama bulan Mei 2021. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa instrumen dukungan keluarga yang telah dimodifikasi, serta diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat (paired t test).Hasil: Sebanyak 13 (65%) responden memiliki nilai dukungan keluarga yang baik (nilai rerata = 67,25) pada saat pretest. Kemudian pada posttest terdapat 17 (85%) responden dengan nilai dukungan keluarga yang baik pula (nilai rerata = 68,95). Hasil analisis menunjukkan, bahwa nilai p = 0,46 yang artinya tidak bermakna secara statistik.Simpulan: Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang kepatuhan minum obat pada penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap dukungan keluarga.
Kombinasi Terapi Relaksasi Benson dan Posisi Head-up 30 Derajat untuk Penanganan Nausea pada Stroke Iskemik: Studi Kasus
Authors: Rohmawati Nur , Murtaqib Murtaqib
Published: December 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke is characterized by abrupt changes in brain blood flow that impair neurological function. Circulatory imbalance causes nerve damage, especially autonomic nervous system dysfunction, which results in gastrointestinal and vascular disorders. As the result, individual is more likely to have headache, nausea, and blood circulation issues.Objective: To examine the impact of Benson's relaxation therapy and head up 30° position combination treatments on a patient with post-ischemic stroke who experiences nausea.Case report: A 50 years old male was admitted to the post stroke treatment area with complaints of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting for 10 straight days. An NGT was attached because he had swallowing difficulties. The internal capsule of the left posterior limb had an infarction, according to the results of the CT scan.Outcome: Benson's relaxation therapy and the 30° head position combination treatments reduced the frequency of nausea and increased patient compliance with nausea management. Clinical indicators following therapy were within normal ranges, and the Glassgow coma scale state indicated excellent consciousness.Conclusion: The combination of non-pharmacological therapy is intended to help the effectiveness of anti-emetic drugs by improving the psychological structure.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stroke iskemik dikenal dengan tanda-tanda perubahan sirkulasi darah ke otak secara tiba-tiba, yang mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi neurologis. Ketidakseimbangan sirkulasi dapat menyebabkan individu mengalami kerusakan saraf, terutama disfungsi saraf otonom yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan vaskular, maupun gastrointestinal. Oleh karena itu, pasien rentan mengalami gejala sakit kepala, nausea, dan gangguan sirkulasi darah.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi terapi posisi relaksasi Benson dan head up 30° pada pasien pasca-stroke iskemik dengan nausea.Laporan kasus: Laki-laki 50 tahun dirujuk ke ruang perawatan stroke, pasca-rehabilitasi stroke dengan keluhan pusing, mual dan muntah, selama 10 hari berturut-turut, dan terpasang selang NGT akibat kesulitan menelan. Hasil pemeriksaan CT Scan menunjukkan adanya gambaran infark capsula interna limb pada posterior kiri.Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan dari kombinasi terapi relaksasi Benson dan posisi head up 30° adalah terjadinya penurunan frekuensi mual serta kepatuhan dalam manajemen mual, pada pasien dengan nausea. Setelah pemberian terapi, clinical sign dalam batas normal dan kondisi Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC) menunjukkan kesadaran yang baik.Simpulan: Kombinasi terapi nonfarmakologi bermaksud untuk membantu efektivitas obat anti-emetik dengan perbaikan pada struktur psikologis.
Quality of life of patients with lower jaw benign tumor post resection and mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Arindra Pingky Krisna , Sejati Bramasto Purbo , Rahardjo Rahardjo
Published: December 2022

The quality of life of patients becomes an essential part of the success of an intervention since it is used as an outcome measure. Mandible resection will cause discontinuities that can degrade the quality of life of patients. Extensive resectionand reconstruction will affect the quality of life of patients after resection and reconstruction surgery as compared with that before the surgery. On this basis, cross-sectional study was conducted among 27 patients suffering from benignmandibular tumors undergoing surgical procedure of marginal resection, segmental resection, or hemimandibulectomy at Dr. Sardjito genral hospital in 2010-2015. Quality of life of patients after mandibular resection and reconstruction was measured with modified oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). An assessment of the quality of life before and after surgery was based on gender and type of reconstruction and it was analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. It was revealed that the quality of life of patients with benign tumors increased significantly (p=0,000), and that gender differences did not significantly affect the improved quality of life (p=0.433). The mean score of patient’s quality of life was highest on the type of marginal resection (mean value =14.50), and the lowest was on segmental resection (mean value=7.50), but the type of resection did not significantly influence the improved quality of life (p=0.152). Resection and reconstruction procedures under taken by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at Dr. Sardjito general hospital can improve the quality of life of patients with benign tumors of the lower jaw.
Quality of life patients after treatment of mandibular fractures with ORIF in oral surgery departement of Dr. Sardjito general hospital
Authors: Apriza Edmond , Rahardjo Rahardjo , Hasan Cahya Yustisia
Published: December 2022

Management of mandibular fracture using open reduction Internal fixation (ORIF) method is one of the ideal treatments for single and multiple mandibular fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life of patients after the treatment of mandibular fractures with ORIF using miniplate in single and multiple mandibular fractures. This research used case-control by recalling 43 research subjects in the oral surgery department Dr Sardjito general hospital between 2013 and 2017, that consisted of patients suffering from 23 single fractures and 20 multiple mandibular fractures. Each fracture would be examined clinically and subjectively. Clinical examination parameters were conducted using the mandibular mobility index (MMI) consisting of mouth opening assessment, left and right lateral mandibular excursion, and mandibular protrusive movement. Subjective parameters were performed based on general oral health asseesment index (GOHAI) questionnaire to assess physiological aspects, psychosocial aspects, and pain. The results of the chi-square test statistic study showed that the quality of life of a patient with a single mandibular fracture was better than that of multiple mandibular fractures based on MMI and GOHAI examinations. It was concluded that patients with a single mandibular fracture had a younger age, longer time adaptation and have a better quality of life.
Effect of 35% sodium ascorbate on calcium and phosphorus loss in dentin bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Nugraheni Tunjung , Nuryono Nuryono , Sunarintyas Siti , Mulyawati Ema
Published: December 2022

Post bleaching procedures often have free radicals trapped in dentin tubule and interprismatic enamel, leading to demineralization and denaturation. Sodium ascorbate is an antioxidant substance known to bind residual free radicals to stop demineralization and denaturation. The purpose of the study was to assess the calcium and phosphorus loss from the dentin surface following bleaching by 35% hydrogen peroxide and reversal by 35% sodium ascorbate andthe surface structure of the dentin. Six sound premolars were divided into their crown and root sections, with the crown subsequently being cut into four equal parts to obtain 24 samples. The calcium and phosphorus contents as well as the surface structure of the dentin were assessed using SEM-EDX. These were then divided into four groups, each containing six samples. Group A (control): the samples were bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide, immersed in an artificial saliva, stored in an incubator at 37 °C for seven days. Group B: the samples were bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by the application of 35% sodium ascorbate for 5 minutes (once). Group C: the samples were bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by the applications of 35% sodium ascorbate (twice). Group D: the samples were bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by the applications of 35% sodium ascorbate (threetimes). The calcium and phosphorus contents as well as the surface structure of the dentin were re-assessed using SEM-EDX at the same locations. The results of one-way ANOVA indicated a difference in the calcium loss in the four treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no difference in the phosphorus loss. An LSD test showed that there was a difference in the calcium loss between group A and groups C and D or between group B and groups C and D. The dentin tubules in group A were larger than group B, C and D. The frequency of 35% sodium ascorbate application had an effect on the calcium loss and the surface structure in the dentin bleached by 35% hydrogen peroxide.
Effect of pre-operative 40 mg oral methylprednisolone on post- odontectomy facial swelling, intraoral redness, pain and level of TNF-α
Authors: Yusa Harpindo , Hasan Cahya Yustisia , Dwirahardjo Bambang
Published: December 2022

Odontectomy is the surgical removal of teeth by making a mucoperiosteal flap and reducing the jawbone. This procedure is likely to cause injury and damage to soft and hard tissues, stimulate inflammatory responses, and generate release of proinflammatory cytokines, one of which is TNF- ɑ, resulting in the facial swelling, intraoral redness, and pain. This study was aimed at observing effects of 40 mg methylprednisolone, administered 1 hour before odontectomy on facial swelling, intraoral redness, and pain and level of TNF-ɑ after odontectomy. The randomized placebo-control trial study involved 24 subjects who underwent odontectomy at the Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial clinic of Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada. To comply with the inclusion criteria, the subjects were divided into placebo group (12 patients) and methylprednisolone group (12 patients). The observation of facial swelling, intraoral redness, pain (VAS) and level of TNF-ɑ (ELISA) was done before odontectormy, H+1 (24 hours after odontectomy) and H+3 (72 hours after odontectomy). The data gathered were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni (p < 0.05). The results showed that those administered with methylprednisolone an hour before odontectomy experienced less postoperative facial swelling (p = 0.000), a lower score of intraoral redness (p = 0.000), a lower score of pain (p = 0.000) and a lower level of TNF-ɑ (p = 0.000) compared to the placebo. The changes in TNF-α showed the strongest correlation with the changes in postoperative pain and intraoral redness compared with facial swelling. Oral administration of 40 mg methylprednisolone an hour before odontectomy is more effective in reducing facial swelling, intraoral redness, pain and level of TNF-ɑ following odontectomy of mandibular third molar compared with the placebo.
Differences in the oral hygiene status and clinical periodontal status between conventional and electric smokers
Authors: Wulandari Angguningtyas , Widiati Sri , Priyono Bambang
Published: December 2022

Conventional and electrical cigarette use could result in bad pathological conditions in the oral cavity, which may lead to periodontal diseases. This research aimed to determine the differences in the oral hygiene and clinical periodontal status between conventional and electric smokers. This research was a quantitative observational research and was designed as a cross-sectional study. The samples were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 110 respondents (n = 110) were involved, consisted of 60 conventional smokers and 50 electric smokers. Their oral hygiene status were examined using oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) measurement, while their periodontal tissue status were assessed using bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) measurements. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of α < 0.05. The median and first quartile of OHI-S scores of the conventional smokers’ group were 2.7 and 2.2, while the electric smokers’ group was 2.2 and 1.4 respectively, with a significant value of p < 0.001. The median and first quartile BOP scores of the conventional smokers’ group were 36% and 29%, while the electric smokers’ group were 35% and 28% respectively, with a significant value of p = 0.750. The median and first quartile of PPD scores in the conventional smokers’ group were 3.2 and 2.7, while the electric smokers’ group were 3.1 and 2.6 respectively with a significant value of p = 0.765. Conventional smokers had worse oral hygiene status than electric smokers. Conventional and electric smokers did not have significant differences in periodontal health including gingival bleeding and poor pocket depth.
Effect of surfactant concentration in sodium ascorbate on contact angle and tensile bond strength after bleaching
Authors: S Yulianasari , Santosa Pribadi , Nugraheni Tunjung
Published: December 2022

Free radical residue due to intracoronal bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) can be removed with 35% sodium ascorbate (SA) combined with surfactants. This study aimed to determine the effect of surfactant concentration in SA 35% on the contact angle and tensile bond strength of composite resin after intracoronal bleaching with 35% HP. The contact angle was observed in 3 groups of 35% SA: group 1 (without surfactant); group 2 (with 0.2% surfactant); group 3 (with 0.4% surfactant). Each sample was dropped on a glass slide perpendicularly, then the image was taken at the fifth minute and contact angle value was obtained using ImageJ software. Tensile bond strength in this study used 21 premolars, which were cut and fixed with acrylic resin. 35% HP (0.01 ml) was applied to tooth surface for 5 days, then washed and dried. Specimens were divided into 3 groups, each of which was applied with 0.01 ml 35% SA without surfactant (group 1), 35% SA with 0.2% surfactant (group 2), and 35% SA with 0.4% surfactant (group 3) for 5 minutes, before they were washed and dried. All specimens were filled with composite resin, and incubated in artificial saliva for 7 days inside an incubator (37oC) before the specimens were tested with Universal Testing Machine (speed 0.5 mm/minute). ANOVA analysis showed the effect of surfactant concentration in 35% SA on the contact angle and tensile bond strength after intracoronal bleaching with 35% HP. In conclusion, 35% SA with 0.4% surfactant had a smaller contact angle and application of 35% SA with 0.4% surfactant after intracoronal bleaching with 35% HP had a greater tensile bond strength.
The Effectiveness of injectable platelet-rich fibrin and bone graft addition to open flap debridement for infrabony pocket therapy
Authors: Dindarini Rizka , Herawati Dahlia , Lastianny Sri Pramestri
Published: December 2022

Various biomaterials have been utilized as additional material to help tissue regeneration in the open flap debridement (OFD) procedure. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate that contains many growth factors (GFs) and generally used as an additional biomaterial in OFD. However, PRF has several weaknesses, such as its consistency, which is hard to mix with another biomaterial, and its abundant sediment of regenerative cells resulted from high-speed centrifugation. Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (I-PRF) is one of the PRF derivatives that contain more regenerative cells. Due to the low-speed centrifugation, I-PRF has a liquid form. Certain GFs were also found in I-PRF, such as PDGF, TGF-β1, VEGF, IGF, EGF dan COL-Ia. In this study, we measured probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), and bone height as the healing parameter, to see the effectiveness of I-PRF addition and bone graft in the OFD for infrabony pocket as the aim of this study. Twenty (20) periodontal pockets were chosen (PD= 5-7 mm) and divided into OFD+I-PRF+bone graft (bg) group (group I) and OFD+PRF+bg group (group II) equally. The clinical evaluation was measured at the baseline, day-30, and day-90. Results showed that PD (p= 0.022) and RAL (p= 0.008) significantly increased in group I (PD 2.80 ± 0.42; RAL 2.50 ± 0.52) compared to group II (PD 2.10 ± 0.73; RAL 2.00 ± 0.67); however, there was no significant difference in the bone height (p= 0.194). Taken together, our data revealed that I-PRF+bg induces soft tissue regeneration in infrabony pocket treatment.
THE USE OF HERBAL MOUTHWASH THERAPY IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: SANTO AGUSTIN NININTOWE T. , DEWI TENNY SETIANI , HIDAYAT WAHYU
Published: December 2022

This study aid to describe the advantages of herbal mouthwash therapy in Oral Lichen Planus (OLP). This systematic review was carried out using PRISMA methods. The selected articles were published in the last five years from PubMed and Google Scholar with the keywords mouthwash, mouth rinse, and Oral Lichen Planus was conducted in June 2022. The assessment of the risk of bias uses the Oxford Scoring System. A total of 2225 journals were found, and seven articles were obtained through screening. After the risk of bias assessment, six articles of high-range quality and one article of low-range quality were obtained. The six journals are randomized clinical trials of herbal mouthwashes and synthetic mouthwashes. Three articles on herbal mouthwash, two articles on synthetic mouthwash, and one article comparing herbal and synthetic mouthwashes. These articles show differences in the time, size, and pain of using herbal and synthetic mouthwashes; they also found side effects when using synthetic mouthwashes compared to herbal mouthwashes. Herbal mouthwash has fewer side effects than synthetic mouthwash, although clinically, synthetic mouthwash is more effective than herbal mouthwash.
THE ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA L. LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT IN MALE SWISS-WEBSTER MICE
Authors: RAHAYUNINGSIH NUR , FADHILA SYIFA NUR , CAHYATI KENI IDA
Published: December 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and optimal dose of Muntingia calabura L. ethanol extract as an antidepressant using Forced Swimming Test (FST), Tail Suspensions Test (TST), and Open Field Test (OFT).

Methods: Twenty-five male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 as a control group, got vehicle (1% w/v CMC). As a positive control, group 2 got 0.052 mg/20 g mice BW of fluoxetine. Groups 3-5 received 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/20 g mice BW orally of M. calabura leaves extract. In the FST and TST, immobility time was the test parameter. In the OFT, the test parameters were the grooming duration, the duration of entries into the central square, and the duration of rearing.

Results: The results showed that all test dose groups had antidepressant activity and test dose 3 was the optimal dose marked by a decreasing in immobility time in the FST and TST with an average percentage decrease of 33.70 % and 13.95%. In the OFT method, it is characterized by increasing in the average percentage of the duration of central square and rearing by 63.46% and 76.25%, respectively and a decreasing in the average percentage of grooming duration by 27.57%.

Conclusion: From these results show ethanol extract of M. calabura leaves has antidepressant activity and the test dose of 3 (2.8 mg/20 g mice BW) is the optimal test dose.
NATURAL INHIBITOR OF AGRONOMICALLY REPELLENT PLANT TOWARDS CLINICAL ISOLATE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANT-SALMONELLA TYPHI
Authors: KUSUMA SRI AGUNG FITRI , HERAWATI IRMA ERIKA , RAMDHANI DANNI , MAULANA BAGUS
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study was purposed to determine the most effective inhibition among those repellent plants i.e. The leaves of kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata), kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides), grass teki (Cyperus Cyperus rotundus), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and suren (Toona sureni) towards S. typhi clinical isolate.

Methods: The ethanolic extracts of sixt plants were obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol. Phytochemical screening was done using the standard methods as described by Farnsworth. The inhibition of the repellent leaves ethanolic extracts to chloramphenicol resistant-S. typhi clinical isolate assayed using the agar diffusion method and statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The most potential plant was further determined by investigating the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) value using the microdilution test.

Results: As the result, all ethanolic leaves extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, except that tannins were not found in C. rotundus and A. conyzoides. However, all extracts had the activity to inhibit the growth of S. typhi. T. sureni leaves extract evidently showed the strongest inhibition with MIC value in the range of 1.5625<x≤3.125 mg/ml and the MBC value in the range of 6.25<x≤12.5 mg/ml. The ratio of MBC/MIC≤4, thus, T. sureni leaf extract may be classified as a strong bactericidal agent.

Conclusion: In summary, T. sureni extract leaves achieved the most appreciable value of MIC MBC and considered as the bactericidal agent which has strong potential to be a novel anti-typhoid fever agent.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY ON SELECTED INDONESIAN WEEDS EXTRACTS: A NOVEL INSIGHT TO ANTI-SHIGELLOSIS
Authors: KUSUMA SRI AGUNG FITRI , ZUHROTUN ADE , NOARI DWI RAHMAT
Published: December 2022

Objective: Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum S.), weed grass (Imperata cylindrica L.), pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) and nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) are selected weeds found in Indonesia which have been used as ruminants feeding with a complete diet component and evidently reported that bioactive contents of weeds provide more protection to microbial attack than that of crops. This has led to an increase interest in the investigation of weed extracts as anti-shigellosis agents for humans and animals, but there is still no data regarding on phytochemical and pharmacological of our selected weeds as an anti-shigellosis. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to analyze phytochemical and anti-shigellosis properties of those selected weeds towards sensitive (S) and resistant S. dysentriae (R) strains of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazoles. Methods: Phytochemical screening was done using the standard method and further analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-shigellosis activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method; meanwhile, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was determined using the microdilution method. Results: In general, weeds contain flavonoids, steroid, and quinone compounds. The resulted anti-shigellosis showed that all weed extracts produced higher inhibition to sensitive than resistant strains. The MIC-MBC values of each weed on sensitive and resistant, respectively, were as follow: P. purpureum S (S=≥1.25%; R=≥2.5% w/v); I. cylindrica (S=≥5.0%; R=≥ 2.5-10.0%w/v); H. corymbosa (S=≥2.5%; R=≥2.5-10%w/v); and C. rotundus (S=≥2.5-5.0%; R=≥5.0-10%w/v). From these data, all of these weeds have the potential to complement antibiotics that are no longer effective in the treatment of shigella infections. Conclusion: In summary, P. purpureum extract could be promoted as a novel supplement phytopharmaceutical for the treatment of bacillary dysentery.
EUDRAGIT® RL100 MICROSPHERES AS DELAYED-RELEASE SYSTEM FOR IBUPROFEN: IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: DATTA APARNA , DAS ABHRA , GHOSH RAJKUMAR
Published: December 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to encapsulate ibuprofen in microspheres made of Eudragit® RL100 as the polymer and evaluate it in vitro.
Methods: Microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Significant parameters in the evaluation of microencapsulation are yield, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, uniformity factor and buoyancy. The in vitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 at 37±1 ᵒC.
Results: Microspheres containing higher ratio of polymer had higher yields as high as 89.25%. The external diameter ranged from 300 to 550 μ, with geometric mean close to 420 μ. Evidently, the formulation containing higher concentration of Eudragit® RL100 had a larger diameter, indicating greater cross-linking and a larger sphere, signifying a higher loading capacity. The loading efficiency was above 81%, while the swelling index was found to be between 29% to 36%, with buoyancy factor of 74.53% for the superior batch. The results suggest that ibuprofen was successfully and efficiently encapsulated. The release rates of drug-loaded microspheres are related to the amount of polymer, thus, to get extended drug release while reducing the ill effects of the drug in the stomach. In vitro release was compared with marketed product, divulging better data for the indigenously prepared samples.
Conclusion: Data obtained by matching the in vitro release for the superior microspheres, so prepared and one of the commercial products showed the indigenous preparation of ibuprofen microspheres to be a better performer in the simulated gastric environment of phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 at 37±1 ᵒC.
Revisiting bell hooks’ Theorization of ‘Gender Violence’ in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Biswas Ashmita
Published: December 2022

The lived experience of two women – no matter how similar they are, be it simply by virtue of being born a woman, or sharing a similar skin colour, racial affiliation, nationality, class, religion, sexual orientation – can never be the same. Gloria Jean Watkins, better known by her pen name bell hooks, was an author and social activist who theorized on the singular nature of the black woman’s travails. Across her extensive critical oeuvre there is a recurrent emphasis on the onslaughts of patriarchal hegemony that routinely victimize black women. Her theories on gender violence among black couples have now come to address diverse manifestations of sexism that widens the racial divide. hooks pointed out that gender violence is a reflection of deeply embedded African cultural ideologies and practices that are premised on women playing second fiddles to their men. In this paper I have attempted to read Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus in the light of hooks’ theories on gender violence to highlight the socio-cultural as well as political framings of gender within the black community.
Effects of Salinity and Bioflocculation during Euglena sp. Harvest on the Production of Lipid, Chlorophyll, and Carotenoid with Skeletonema sp. as a Bioflocculant
Authors: Indahsari Herlina Septika , Tassakka Asmi Citra Malina A.R. , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Yuwono Mochammad , Suyono Eko Agus
Published: December 2022

Euglena sp. is a freshwater microalga that produces useful metabolites in its biomass. The cultivation with oxidative stress treatments, such as salinity, plays a major role in maintaining the optimal cellular metabolic rate for the optimized growth of Euglena sp. for the production of lipids for biodiesel as well as carotenoids and chlorophyll, which are cell defense pigments that are beneficial for health. A bioflocculation method that uses microalgal flocculants, such as Skeletonema sp., is an alternative harvesting technique that is cost and energy saving. The effect of salinity and bioflocculation treatment on freshwater microalgae has not been widely studied. Therefore, this research determined the effect mechanism of salinity and bioflocculation in the production of lipids, chlorophyll, and carotenoids in Euglena sp. with Skeletonema sp. as a bioflocculant. In this research, the cultivation of Euglena sp. was carried out in Cramer–Myers medium for seven days under salinity treatments of 5, 10, 20, and 0 g/L, and the cultivation of Skeletonema sp. was performed for eight days in F/2 medium with modified silicate removal. Bioflocculation was performed by mixing Euglena sp. and Skeletonema sp. at ratios of 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25. The research results showed that salinity treatment, in general, succeeded in increasing the growth and production of lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid metabolites. The addition of Skeletonema sp. to the culture of Euglena sp. increased the precipitation percentage. A high mixing ratio increased the lipid level but decreased those of chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolites.
A Study on the Use of Foundry Sand as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Review
Authors: Patel Vinay , Patel Mahesh Ram
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Foundry sand is used as a substitute of a fine aggregate for green concrete for the sustainable development of construction industry. Foundry sand may also used to develop a design mix for the concrete, and to check the properties of green cement used in concrete, the following properties of concrete were determine, Compressive strength of the concrete, Split tensile strength of the concrete and Flexural Strength of the concrete
Cryptography: A Smart Technique to Secure Data (Review Paper)
Authors: Deshmukh Amarja
Published: December 2022

Abstract: In order to secure our data, Cryptography can guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of both data at rest and data in transit in order to secure our data. Additionally, it can prevent repudiation and authenticate senders and recipients to one another. Several endpoints, often multiple clients, and one or more back-end servers are common features of software systems.
Effect of Different Concentration of Fungicide Mancozeb on Protein Concentration and Alpha Amylase Activity of Eleusine coracana. (L.) Gaertn.
Authors: Tejashwini R. , Yamuna S. R. , Mahesh Dr. M. K.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Experiments were carried out to study the effect of fungicide Mancozeb on seed germination, seedlings growth, chlorophyll content, protein concentration and alpha amylase activity. The experiments were conducted under a completely randomised design, consisting of 8 treatments in a 2×4 fractorial system [2 seed variety × 4 Mancozeb Concentration : 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.0% (control) in 3 replicates each consisting of 20 Ragi seeds.. The Ragi variety used was INDAF 7 and KMR 301. In KMR 301, the highest percentage of germination, high chlorophyll content, high protein concentration and high alpha amylase activity was recorded in seeds treated with 0.4% concentration of Mancozeb and lowest was recorded in control. In INDAF 7, the highest percentage of germination, high chlorophyll content, high protein concentration and high alpha amylase activity was recorded in Control and lowest was recorded in seeds treated with fungicide concentrations
Run Your Health Profile -A Digital Health Profile to Store Personal Health History
Authors: Wickramasinghe A. G. K. P. , Perera S. P. N. L. , Jayarathna I. T. , Mario R. A. K. C.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Communication between a doctor and a patient is a significant key to enhancing the doctor-patient relationship and providing high-quality healthcare. Over the years, health support has been evolving, and, in the present, it has taken a major step with e-health support. Over the coming years, doctor-patient face-to-face communication will become more limited and will be more supported by communication mediated by technology, such as electronic and personal health records (EHRs and PHRs) and Internet applications. E-health replaces paper-based medical records and documents with digital health records, which let the doctor review basic information about a patient, a patient’s past visits, previous results of lab tests, the medications the patient is or was on, and an overall review of the health issue and its current status. The main goal is to provide insight into ehealth tools which is essential for healthcare systems globally to adapt and embrace the rapidly evolving digital technologies.
Metropolización y turismo en ciudades intermedias. Análisis de la competitividad territorial del turismo en Bello, Colombia
Authors: Muñoz Elkin , López-Martínez Alexandra , Sarmiento-Ramírez Yunier
Published: December 2022

Intermediate cities inside a Metropolitan Area are often subject to the role entrusted for the general operation of the metropolitan system built around the central city. This limits a possible independent development process that turns them into competitive territories. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of metropolitan processes on the behavior of tourism in the Municipality of Bello, Colombia, for the consolidation of its territorial competitiveness. A mixed-method was used, with techniques such as surveys, cartography, and territorial routes. It is concluded that the image of an unsafe city it conveys, and the little tourist history of Bello in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, reduces its capacity for the territorial competition of urban tourism. However, rural tourism located in San Félix would be a great opportunity to take advantage of its distinctive features and the potential of the metropolitan market.
La evolución de las estaciones de tren accesibles en Madrid: Aproximación a través del estudio de mapas (2009-2020)
Authors: Ramírez-Saiz Alba , Ajuriaguerra-Escudero Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2022

Most of Madrid is covered by an extensive train network that allows thousands of people to commute by train daily. However, some collectives with either permanent or temporary disabilities, may find obstacles that limit their access to the station, the carriages, or both. By studying the information available on graphic maps, which is the common source for passengers to know whether a station is accessible or not before reaching it, the number of accessible stations, and how they have evolved from 2009 to 2020, has been studied. The study has analyzed the degree of inclusiveness that Madrid’s train network provided in the aforementioned period regarding complete accessibility, partial accommodations, and whether the carriages of the arriving trains were accessible. As a result, both the map analysis and quantitative data collection have shown that although the total number of accessible stations increased over the studied period, their irregular variations may reflect the modifications in public regulations. Thus, Madrid can be an example of how to study the level of accessibility in the train network in order to determine the consequences of sprawl in urban accessibility, and how this can hinder full access for all people to every point of the city.
Materialidades estatales en los márgenes del Estado. Las arquitecturas institucionales del siglo XX, desde el devenir de una escuela puneña (Jujuy, Argentina)
Authors: Barada Julieta
Published: December 2022

In general, the study of state architecture has focused on the analysis of the construction that took place in the centers of power, through which state structures are deployed. In this context, the role of architecture comes from centrality, which contributes to the argument of the conformation of a recognizable and reproducible image of the state apparatus. But what happens in those places that, far from being part of the centrality of the state construction, are found in its margins, even constituting spaces unknown to the state itself? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the construction of state architectures in the Puna de Atacama (Atacamanian Plateau), Argentina, through an ethnographic and historical study that allows analyzing the evolution of this space as part of national construction since the early 20th century. Methodologically, this will aim at understanding the architectural production of the state not only from the state itself but from local perspectives, recognizing the set of agencies involved in architecture over time. This work is carried out using, as a case study, a school in the town of Coranzulí, in the current province of Jujuy, which from an ethnographic and archival work allows observing this issue, along two analytical lines. The first has to do with the ways of production of architecture as processes where, over time, a complex network of players is involved. The second refers, specifically, to the material characteristics of this architecture, and the way the senses that operate on the apparent uniformity of the state are expressed there. This work, then, allows finally problematizing the very notion of hegemony as an unfinished construction, where the role of local players is fundamental.
Arquitectura pública: la primera Terminal de Ómnibus estatal para Mendoza (Argentina, 1969- 1972)
Authors: Raffa Cecilia Beatriz , Bianchi-Palomares Pablo Federico
Published: December 2022

The architecture for transportation and mobility had, between the sixties and seventies, an intensive period of execution in Argentina, driven by a political context that advocated for development in all its forms. Innovative programs and technologies were used in a typology that posed challenges in resolution terms for the professionals of the time. Among the numerous works that were built in the country, this article highlights the Mendoza Bus Terminal project, one of the first built in a provincial capital that, planned in 1964, was inaugurated in 1972, after a short construction period. From the review of technical publications of the time, graphic documentation of the project, press clippings, government work, and an interview with the site’s main designer, this text, in historical terms, seeks to delve into the particular aspects of the ideation and execution of this urban landmark, a local reflection of the degree of progress in terms of technology and construction techniques, and the executive capacity of the provincial State.
Karl Marx, Erik O. Wright y Pierre Bourdieu: Hacia una generalización de la teoría del capital
Authors: Martínez García José Saturnino
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la evolución del debate del capital de Marx en la teoría sociológica contemporánea, en concreto en la obra de Erik O. Wright y Pierre Bourdieu. En un primer momento, se presenta el concepto de capital marxista como un concepto relacional, que puede tomar diversas formas, como mercancía o dinero. Posteriormente, se señala que, a partir de la revisión estructuralista de marxismo, salen dos corrientes muy diferentes. Por un lado, el marxismo analítico, que se desprende de la teoría del valor trabajo, y entiende el capital fundamentalmente como un recurso. En el caso de Wright extiende el concepto de medios de producción a bienes de cualificación y bienes de organización, para así dar cuenta de la explotación y de posiciones contradictorias en las relaciones de clase. Por su parte, Bourdieu, desarrolla otra estrategia. Abstrae el concepto de capital a una relación social que genera al tiempo que legitima desigualdades sociales, siendo la teoría de Marx un caso concreto de esa teoría, en el campo de la producción económica. A partir de esta generalización, Bourdieu desarrolla otras formas del capital (cultural, social y simbólico). Ambas aproximaciones muestran el gran potencial de la obra de Marx para comprender las sociedades contemporáneas.
Llorar fotografías: análisis de contenidos y discursos visuales sobre el cáncer en las fotografías de Olatz Vázquez en Instagram
Authors: Varela-Rodríguez Miguel , Vicente-Mariño Miguel
Published: December 2022

Este artículo presenta un estudio de métodos mixtos del perfil de Instagram de Olatz Vázquez, fotógrafa y periodista que falleció a los 27 años a causa de un cáncer de estómago y que ayudó a visibilizar uno de los tipos de cáncer más letales y menos presentes en redes sociales digitales.  Sus imágenes, en blanco y negro, retratan las secuelas físicas y emocionales del cáncer y contrastan con los discursos habituales del cáncer, generalmente apoyados en imágenes positivas. El análisis de contenidos revela discursos visuales en torno a (1) la representación del cáncer como amenaza y aislamiento; (2) la distorsión de la identidad que supone para la paciente; (3) las respuestas agentivas de la paciente ante la enfermedad; y (4) la importancia del entorno social. Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a visibilizar el cáncer gástrico y a motivar una discusión sobre los discursos visuales dominantes en su comunicación social.
O Estágio Curricular Supervisionado no Ensino Remoto: experiências e reflexões na Licenciatura em Artes Visuais
Authors: Zamperetti Maristani Polidori
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo desenvolveu-se a partir de pesquisa-ensino (PENTEADO, 2010) na prática universitária e propõe-se a discutir, através de relatos de alunas do Curso de Artes Visuais – Licenciatura de uma universidade pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, as vivências e experiências do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE), em 2021. Trago, a partir de questionamentos advindos das práticas pedagógicas como orientadora deste componente curricular, temas que convergem para a reflexão sobre as percepções, desafios e dificuldades enfrentadas pelas acadêmicas estagiárias, a partir de pontos de inflexão frente às práticas educativas remotas desenvolvidas em contextos escolares mediados por tecnologias digitais, como também suas percepções frente ao ERE desenvolvido no contexto acadêmico. Aplicativos e programas como o Google Meet, redes sociais como o Facebook e o Whatsapp, e-mails e a plataforma Google Classroom possibilitaram relativos direcionamentos de recursos ao ensino, mas também, visaram a simplificação de processos educativos, ao modo instrucional. Concluí, a partir dos depoimentos e dos aportes teóricos, que a experiência do estágio no ensino remoto foi uma possibilidade rara de gestão de vivências, trocas e construção de uma identidade docente, que se transformou frente aos desafios impostos. Porém, é necessário mencionar que a resposta educacional à crise pandêmica revelou um paroxismo, um nível alto de tensão em busca de emersão de processos educativos a serem compreendidos e refletidos, e que estavam em curso. De outra forma, entendo que as práticas de estágio em ERE, pelo seu ineditismo, conduziram as alunas à atenta observação e investigação de outras realidades escolares, propiciando a aprendizagem e construção profissional em meio à conflitos e desafios, pois não existiam respostas antes de surgirem os problemas e não as temos ainda.
B ä cklund Transformation of (3+1)-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Potential-YTSF Equation and Related Problems
Authors: Ji Minjie , Bao Taogetusang
Published: December 2022

Based on the Bell polynomial method, the (3+1)-dimensional variable
coefficient Potential-YTSF equation is transformed into bilinear form,
and the double Bell polynomial B a~̵̈ cklund transformation, bilinear B a~̵̈
cklund transformation, Lax pair and infinite conservation law of this
equation are constructed. Firstly, the Lax integrability of the equation
is proved by the B a~̵̈ cklund transformation of double Bell polynomials,
and the infinite conservation law is constructed. Secondly, the exact
solution of the equation is obtained by bilinear B a~̵̈ cklund
transformation and symbolic computation system Mathematica. Finally, we
illustrate their properties by making some graphs of soliton solutions.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of women with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Yao Hongwen , Li Ning , Yuan Hua
Published: December 2022

Objective To determine the clinical characteristics and treatment
outcomes of women with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS). Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical
characteristics and survival of women with recurrent uLMS and identify
prognostic factors. Results Overall, 71 patients with first recurrence
of uLMS were included in our study. 19 patients (26.8%) received
systematic therapy and 52 patients (73.2%) received secondary
cytoreductive surgery (SCS). In SCS subgroup (n=52), a complete
resection with no residual disease was reported in 47 patients (90.4%).
38.5% (20/52) patients received non-genital organ surgeries. 10
(19.2%) patients had received thoracic surgery because of lung-only
recurrences. Bowel, bladder surgery was performed in 8 (15.4%), 3
(5.8%) patients, respectively. 1 (1.9%) patient had received liver
surgery. The median follow-up duration was 38.7 months (range: 2.7-317.6
months). 41 (57.7%) patients died during follow-up. 5-year OS for the
entire cohort was 52.9%. Patients experienced first recurrence after
initial diagnoses within 12 months (n=24) had a worse 5-year OS than
those after 12 months (n=47) (17.0% vs 69.1%, P<0.001).
5-year OS for the SCS and non-SCS subgroup was 62.0% and 28.0%,
respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed time to
fist recurrence within 12 months (HR=4.60, 95% CI: 1.49-14.4, P =
0.008) was an independent predictor of decreased 5-year OS in SCS
subgroup. Conclusion SCS is an important treatment choice for recurrent
uLMS and seems to have benefited patients. Time to fist recurrence
within 12 months is an independent predictor of decreased 5-year OS in
SCS subgroup.