bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P174 Clinical outcomes in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) transitioning from paediatric to adult care in a large regional HIV clinic in london
Authors: Hibbard Aime , Flanaghan Kate , Judd Ali , Prime Katia
Published: May 2024

Introduction

We assessed outcomes in PaH adolescents transitioning from paediatric to adult care within a regional HIV clinic.

Methods

Retrospective case-note review 10/02/04–31/12/15. Data collected: demographics, CDC stage, viral loads (VL), CD4 counts, antiretroviral therapy (ART), resistance and loss to follow up; using a standardised database. Pre- and post-transition outcomes were compared using paired T-tests for means and McNemar’s Exact tests for proportions.

Results

57 patients; 29(51%) male, 34(60%) born outside UK, 51(89%) black African. Median age at diagnosis 3 years [range 0–18]; at transition 18 years [15–20]. Median time since transition 5 years [1 month–13 years]. At transition CDC B 27/57(47%), CDC C 18/57(32%), post transition 28/57(49%), 20/57(35%), respectively, including one suicide. Of those with ≥2 years data post-transition, 31/48(65%) had two consecutive VL>40c/mL or one VL>10,000c/mL in the 2 years pre-transition, compared with 22/48(46%) post-transition (p=0.035). Mean CD4 count 12 months pre/post-transition 520 c/mm3, 500 c/mm3, respectively (p=0.4). At transition 52/57(91%) on ART (vs. 55(96%) at last visit, p=0.1), 10/46(22%) 1st line (5/55(9%) last visit), median duration of ART 7 years [0–18]. Resistance: 18/46(39%) nil, 13/46(28%) ≥1, 13/46(28%) ≥2, 1/46(2%) ≥3 drug classes. 4 patients were lost to follow-up (LTFU), all returning within 5 years [1-5].

Discussion

There was no difference in mean CD4 pre or post-transition, but the proportion who were suppressed improved post-transition. CDC stage progressed in 3 adolescents. All patients had options for suppressive ART although few were on 1stline. There was no long-term LTFU.
P212 The clap trap: the effectiveness of partner notification for gonorrhoea in MSM in an lgbt community sexual health clinic
Authors: Turner Kevin , King Miranda , Priestley Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Introduction

High rates of partner change, multiple casual partners, and complex sexual networks are thought to contribute to outbreaks of Neisseria gonorrhoea (GC) in men who have sex with men (MSM), who account for 42% of diagnoses in the UK. Prompt, appropriate treatment and effective partner notification are key to reducing transmission. We audited partner notification for GC in MSM attending an LGBT community sexual health clinic.

Methods

A retrospective audit over 12 months (2015–16). A total of 33 episodes of GC were diagnosed in 31 patients. Data was recorded on a spreadsheet for analysis.

Results

25(76%) were asymptomatic. 29(88%) underwent triple site testing and 4(12%) dual site. Gonorrhoea was detected in the pharynx in 23(70%), urethra in 7(21%), and rectum in 14(42%). 7(21%) had dual and 2(6%) triple site infection. 29/33(88)% were informed of the diagnosis within 10 days (target 95%). 28/33(85%) were treated within 2 weeks. 6 attended as contacts of GC and were treated on the day they attended. A total of 109 contacts were given. 50(46%) were untraceable. Of the traceable contacts, 31/59(53%) were confirmed as treated, 23 at the same clinic. A total of 0.9 contacts were treated per index case (target 0.6).

Discussion

The high frequency of unknown casual partners in MSM with GC means there is often inadequate information to trace partners. Nevertheless, this audit has shown good outcomes for partner notification in a community LGBT sexual health clinic. This should contribute to reducing onward transmission in a high risk MSM population.
P215 Sharing the journey; public and commissioner experiences in developing e-service pathways in sexual health
Authors: Reid Simon , Clarke Jan , Mezzone Jane , O’Sullivan Jonathan , Murchie Martin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The London e-service is an innovative online digital health solution including: Health promotion and education; risk assessment and triage process to access self-sampling kits; provision of self-sampling kits in clinic and online; diagnostics; remote treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia; results management and partner notification.

Methods

Over 5000 service users were engaged through waiting room and online surveys, interviews and public groups. There was an appetite for an online service in some segments of the population. Clinicians and commissioners worked collaboratively to develop the e-service pathway. The vision was for a high quality health pathway where the service user seamlessly travels between appropriate providers. The pathway development factored in: service user choice; clear referral pathways; protocols for safeguarding; enhanced results management and partner notification; appropriate treatment.

Results

27 boroughs participated in the collaborative procurement of the London e-service. The integration of the e-service and sexual health clinics remains a critical success factor. The pathway focuses on 2 main areas of interaction between providers: 1) The e-service ‘offer’ in a clinical environment; a specialist behaviour change company is working with the e-service and providers to develop channel shift resources. This is backed by a clinical service specification with associated KPIs. 2) Ensuring appropriate access to service user results and case history. This requires data sharing agreements and innovative technology solutions. The pathway was further finessed through the negotiation phase, with e-service bidders suggesting additional commercial solutions.

Discussion

Can an e-service help improve access, user experience, outcomes and manage resources?
O28 Experience of female genital mutilation (FGM) in a sexual health clinic
Authors: Neill Lorna , Dolan Zac , Murphy Siobhan , McSorley John , Brook Gary
Published: May 2024

Introduction

After recommendations from the Intercollegiate Guidelines in 2013, our sexual health clinic introduced a diagnostic code and mandatory proforma to identify, record and report FGM.

Methods

Retrospective case note review of all patients coded FGM.

Results

All patients presenting were over 18. There were 210 FGM patients; 30/210 Type 1 (clitoridectomy); 40/210 Type 2 (excision); 35/210 Type 3 (infibulation); 79/210 Type 4; 26/210 unclassified. 71 had consensual FGM as adults; of whom 69 were Type 4 (typically genital piercing), 2 were Type 1.

In FGM performed under 18 years old (139); average age of cutting was 6 years. Countries involved; Somalia 67% (93/139), Sierra Leone 7% (9/139), Eritrea, Nigeria and Ethiopia 4% (6/139) respectively. 14% (19/139) reported complications.12% (17/139) had prior reversal. 4% (6/139) expressed interest in reversal. 98% (136/139) knew FGM is illegal in the UK.

Abstract O28 Table 1

Associations if FGM performed under 18 years old or over 18 years old.

AssociationFGM types 1–4 <18yrsFGM type 1–4 >18yrsP valuePelvic pain/PID17% (23/139)6% (4/71)0.0289HIV/Hepatitis B/C11% (15/139)3% (2/71)0.0596

There was no significant difference in the rates of bacterial STI’s between both groups.

Discussion

Our proforma assists in identifying and accurately recording information regarding FGM. No women required referral to police or social services. Some were signposted for surgical intervention. An increased incidence of pelvic pain was noted in those whose FGM was performed as children, with no reflected increase in bacterial STI’s. An increased prevalence of blood borne viruses was also noted. Most women reported negative attitudes to FGM. Sexual health clinics are well placed to assist in awareness, risk assessment and education surrounding FGM.
P240 What are the vaccination needs of msm in the current hepatitis a virus (hav) outbreak? a retrospective study of the hav immune status in first-attendance msm in a london gum clinic
Authors: Brook Gary , McSorley John
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hepatitis A infection in MSM increased in incidence from late 2016 in the UK and has reached outbreak status. By February 2017, 42 confirmed or suspected cases had been reported in London. BASHH hepatitis guidelines recommend HAV vaccination of MSM in outbreak situations.

Methods

We looked at 100 consecutive MSM who attended our service for the first time in early 2016 to assess what the vaccination needs of MSM would be.

Results

Sixty seven of these MSM had a baseline HAV total antibody test of which 33 (49%) were HAV-Ab positive. A further 5/66 (8%) MSM gave a history of HAV vaccination but were antibody negative. 16/33 (48%) HAV-immune MSM gave a history of previous vaccination. 7/66 (11%) of the MSM who were immune, but non-vaccinated, came from HAV-endemic countries and presumed naturally immune.

49/98 (50%) who had baseline HBV antibody levels were HBV-immune of whom 14/49 (29%) were also HAV immune.

Extrapolating from these data, our estimates for baseline vaccination requirements in new MSM were: 28% require monovalent HAV vaccine, 24% require monovalent HBV vaccine, 21% require bivalent HAV/HBV vaccine and 27% require no vaccine.

Discussion

If these data are representative of MSM in London, 49% (57% including those vaccinated but HAV-Ab –ve) are already HAV-immune. This has implications with regards to estimating the pool of non-immune MSM at-risk. It also enables us to estimate the types of vaccine required to meet the MSM’s needs in relation to HAV as well as HBV in the current outbreak
P001 What is the evidence that previous azithromycin treatment for chlamydia or gonorrhoea is associated with neisseria gonorrhoeae azithromycin resistance?
Authors: Clifton Soazig , Town Katy , Furegato Martina , Cole Michelle , Mohammed Hamish , Woodhall Sarah , Dunbar Kevin , Fifer Helen , Hughes Gwenda
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of azithromycin resistance inNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) including high-level resistance (HL-AziR NG) is increasing in England. It has been suggested that exposure to azithromycin at sub-optimal doses may facilitate development of azithromycin resistance in NG. We investigated whether treatment history for non-rectal chlamydia (CT) or NG (as proxies for azithromycin exposure) in GUM services was associated with susceptibility of NG to azithromycin.

Methods

Descriptive and negative binomial regression analyses of azithromycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) data from 4608 NG isolates collected by the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) 2013–2015 (matched to GUMCADv2 data on CT/NG diagnoses) were performed. Descriptive analyses of previous CT/NG among 56 HL-AziR NG isolates (MIC>256 mg/L) were also performed (2013–2016).

Results

Modal azithromycin MIC was 0.25mg/L (1 dilution below the resistance breakpoint) in those with and without history of CT or GC. There were no differences in MIC distribution by previous CT/NG, nor by time since most recent infection (CT: p=0.97; NG: p>0.99). Among patients with HL-AziR NG, 4 (8%) were treated for CT and 4 (8%) for NG in the previous year, compared with 9% and 13% respectively for all GRASP patients.

Discussion

There was no evidence of an association between previous CT/NG treatment in GUM services and subsequent presentation with an azithromycin-resistant strain. However, 46% of CT diagnoses occur in non-GUM settings therefore further research is needed to explore whether an association with azithromycin exposure in other settings and for other conditions exists.
P029 Auditing gonorrhoea treatment and antibiotic sensitivity
Authors: Wilson Yvonne , Johnson Cathy , Murtagh Una , McCartney Joanne , McRoberts Sandra , Perry Fionnuala
Published: May 2024

Introduction

With diagnoses of Gonorrhoea on the rise and increased rates of resistance being reported, nurses carried out and audit to establish the level of compliance with current British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines in relation to the treatment of patients diagnosed with GC and to analyse antibiotic sensitivity.

Methods

Retrospective case note review of episodes coded B was carried out looking at age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, co-infections, treatment, resistance, number of partners in past 3 months, test of cures and follow up serology.

Results

69 cases reviewed, 33 MSM, 32 heterosexual, 4 bisexual. 10 patients were known HIV positive, 12 patients had 1 other co-infection, 4 had 2 other co-infections.

66 (96%) treated with first therapy of Ceftriaxone 500mg IM/Azithromycin 1G, 19 of these were also given Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 1 week. 2 (3%) treated with Ceftriaxone 500mg IM/Doxycycline 500mg twice daily for 1 week. 45 (65%) fully sensitive to recommended antibiotics 13 (19%) reduced sensitivity to 1 antibiotic group 8 (11%) reduced sensitivity to 2 antibiotic groups. 4 (5%) reduced sensitivity to 3 antibiotic groups Our 5 cases of high level Azithromycin resistance were included. No cultures were resistant to Ceftriaxone

Discussion

Treatment and management was in line with BASHH guidelines, it also highlights the developing problem with resistant infection, the importance of monitoring antibiotic sensitivity and effective partner notification in the effort to treat the infection adequately and reduce risk of transmission.
O08 HPV 16 and 18 seropositivity and dna detection among men who have sex with men: evidence for the potential benefit of vaccination
Authors: Mesher David , King Eleanor , Sonnenberg Pam , Linley Ezra , Beddows Simon , Soldan Kate , Borrow Ray , Gilson Richard
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To estimate the prevalence of antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18, and genital HPV DNA among MSM attending a London sexual health clinic, to inform the potential benefit of vaccination in a high risk population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 18-40 year-old MSM including a computer-assisted self-interview for behavioural data, and collection of extra-genital and intra-anal swabs, and blood. Anogenital samples were tested for 21 genotypes of HPV DNA using an in-house assay. Blood samples were tested for anti-HPV16 and HPV18 IgG by ELISA.

Results

496 MSM were included: among HIV negative MSM, HPV16 seroprevalence was 27% (95%CI 23–31) and HPV18 was 16% (13–20); HPV16 and 18 DNA prevalence 12.6% (9.8–15.9) and 6.0% (4.0–8.5) respectively. In HIV-positive MSM, seroprevalence was 58% (95% CI 37–77) and 35% (95%CI 17–56), and DNA prevalence 29.6% (13.8–50.2) and 11.1% (2.4–29.2) respectively.

After adjusting for age and lifetime partners, seropositivity for anti-HPV–16 and/or HPV–18 was associated with: HIV-positive diagnosis (HPV16-aOR: 3.16 [95%CI 1.37–7.28]), receptive anal sex in the last three months (HPV16-aOR: 3.39 [2.01–5.71]; HPV18-aOR: 2.14 [1.18–3.90]), use of drugs anally (HPV18-aOR: 2.07 [1.05–4.10]) and anogenital same-type DNA detection (HPV16 aOR: 3.58 [2.05–6.23]; HPV18 aOR:2.71 [1.17–6.27]).

Discussion

Anogenital HPV DNA detection was less frequent than, but strongly associated with same-type HPV seropositivity. Most MSM attending a sexual health clinic had no serological or DNA evidence of exposure to HPV infection. This supports the case for the potential benefit of targeted HPV vaccination of MSM attending sexual health clinics, as currently being piloted in England.
P037 Why do women discontinue long acting reversible methods of contraception? – findings from an integrated sexual health clinic
Authors: Chikoburo Izu , Dear William , Ohizua Omi , Acharya Sashi , Arumainayagam Joseph
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Long acting methods of contraception, namely the progestogen only implant and the intra-uterine devices are reliable methods of contraception, favoured by commissioners of integrated sexual health. However in practice, a number of women discontinue these for a variety of reasons thus leading to reduced cost effectiveness. We aimed to determine the number of discontinuations among those who had them fitted in the integrated sexual health clinic and the reasons for doing so.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the case notes on the electronic database for all women who had an implant, copper intra-uterine device or the Mirena intra-uterine device during September 2014 was collected. Reasons noted by the clinician for removing the device and any adjuvant therapy that was prescribed was noted.

Results

A total of 183 women had one of the three methods fitted during this period. Of these 36% had them removed after a median of 2.16 years. Of those who had the implant fitted, 49% had them removed after a median of 1.84 years. Vaginal bleeding was quoted as the reason for removal in 51% of the women. Of the 25% of the women who had the Mirena IUD removed, vaginal bleeding was the reason in 44%. Variety of reasons were noted among the 36% of women who had copper IUD fitted.

Discussion

Our findings has shown that vaginal bleeding was the predominant reason for discontinuation for the implant and Mirena IUD. This has shown that appropriate management of irregular vaginal bleeding may lead to longer retention of long acting methods of contraception.
O09 The impact of an HPV vaccination programme in young men who have sex with men (MSM) on clinical presentations with genital warts
Authors: Coleman Harry , O’Farrell Nigel , Kapembwa Moses , Brook Gary , McSorley John
Published: May 2024

Introduction

We introduced a quadrivalent HPV (HPV4) vaccination programme in young MSM <27yrs attending our clinical services (Clinic 1 & 2) since 2012. We assess the impact on attendance with genital warts (GW) subsequent to vaccination in this population and an adjoining service (Clinic 3) not then offering vaccination.

Methods

We identified all MSM <27yrs receiving at least one dose HPV4 at Clinics 1 & 2, and all MSM <27yrs attending Clinic 3, between 2012 and 2017. Demographic and clinical data was extracted from electronic patient records. HPV DNA testing was not performed.

Abstract O09 Table 1

Clinical Outcomes in HPV4 vaccinated and unvaccinated MSM under 27yrs

CharacteristicClinic 1& 2 HPV programme No./Total (%)Clinic 3 No HPV programme No./Total (%)Probability value p =History of prior/current GW75/757
(9.9%)27/180
(9.6%)p = 0.06Ever Re-attended524/757
(69%)81/180
(45%)p = 0.0001Subsequent episode of GW: Re-attenders11/524
(2%)22/81
(27%)p = 0.0001Subsequent episode of GW: All11/757
(1.5%)22/180
(12%)p = 0.0001New cases of GW3/757
(0.4%)4/180
(2%)p = 0.0285

Results

Current or prior history of GW was comparable in the 2 clinic populations. Re-attendance rates were lower in the clinic without active recall. Recurrent episodes of GW was higher 22/180 (12%) in the unvaccinated population than the vaccinated group 11/757 (1.5%). Incidence of new cases of GW, defined as a first clinical episode > 3 months since 1stvaccine, was significantly lower in the vaccinated population.

Discussion

We observed a significant reduction in subsequent episodes and potential new episodes of GW in an unselected population of MSM receiving HPV4 vaccine. Significant clinical benefit and saving can be expected from an HPV4 programme in MSM.
A critical theory of the drone in archaeology: on space, epistemology, and automation
Authors: Carvalho Daniel
Published: May 2024

This article seeks to establish a theoretical framework surrounding the drone and its use in archaeology. More than just a tool, this vehicle has revolutionized not only the practice of the discipline but also the way archaeologists approach their object of study. To highlight its theoretical components, we have established a dialog with the philosophy of technology and the archaeological dimension, to understand the implications and impositions that the drone implies for the activities of archaeologists. Passing through the verticalization of the gaze, the machinic rhythms and choreographies, and, finally, the theme of automation, we understand that the theory of the drone in archaeology is fertile ground for a critique of how technique shapes the discipline.
A novel energy-saving method for campus wired and dense WiFi network applying machine learning and idle cycling techniques
Authors: Alvarado Ricardo , Suárez Alvaro
Published: May 2024

University campus networks need wired (ethernet) and dense wireless fidelity networks that have devices like access points, switches, and routers that are always turned on. Consequently, they generate two important problems: the energy bill and the influence of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Energy savings are the solution to those problems. There are several proposals to augment the energy savings separately in ethernet and wireless fidelity, but there is no integrated method to simultaneously reduce them in both parts of the networks. Our novel method combines idle cycling and machine learning techniques to efficiently obtain energy savings in both parts of the network simultaneously. We categorize network devices into two groups: (a) those that are always turned on and (b) those that can be dynamically turned on or off based on network performance. We formulated two algorithms that decide when to turn on and off access points. We use Ward's machine learning hierarchical clustering technique to optimize the energy savings of our model in the network of the Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia). We showed that energy savings of 21.5 kWh per day are possible. The success of the model in this context highlights its potential to achieve substantial energy savings.
Chromosome mapping of retrotransposon AviRTE in a neotropical bird species: Trogon surrucura (Trogoniformes; Trogonidae)
Authors: Farias de Farias Nairo , Gunski Ricardo José , Del Valle Garnero Analía , Cañedo Andrés Delgado , Herculano Correa de Oliveira Edivaldo , Oliveira Silva Fábio Augusto , Torres Fabiano Pimentel
Published: May 2024

Avian genomes are characterized as being more compact than other amniotes, with less diversity and density of transposable elements (TEs). In addition, birds usually show bimodal karyotypes, exhibiting a great variation in diploid numbers. Some species present unusually large sex chromosomes, possibly due to the accumulation of repetitive sequences. Avian retrotransposon-like element (AviRTE) is a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) recently discovered in the genomes of birds and nematodes, and it is still poorly characterized in terms of chromosomal mapping and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we mapped AviRTE isolated from the Trogon surrucura genome into the T. surrucura (TSU) karyotype. Furthermore, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of this LINE in birds and other vertebrates. Our results showed that the distribution pattern of AviRTE is not restricted to heterochromatic regions, with accumulation on the W chromosome of TSU, yet another species with an atypical sex chromosome and TE hybridization. The phylogenetic analysis of AviRTE sequences in birds agreed with the proposed phylogeny of species in most clades, and allowed the detection of this sequence in other species, expanding the distribution of the element.
Chromosomal and genomic analysis suggests single origin and high molecular differentiation of the B chromosome of Abracris flavolineata
Authors: Milani Diogo , Gasparotto Ana Elisa , Loreto Vilma , Martí Dardo A. , Cabral-de-Mello Diogo C.
Published: May 2024

Supernumerary chromosomes (B chromosomes) have been an intriguing subject of study. Our understanding of the molecular differentiation of B chromosomes from an interpopulation perspective remains limited, with most analyses involving chromosome banding and mapping of a few sequences. To gain insights into the molecular composition, origin, and evolution of B chromosomes, we conducted cytogenetic and next-generation sequencing analysis of the repeatome in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata across various populations. Our results unveiled the presence of B chromosomes in two newly investigated populations and described new satellite DNA sequences. While we observed some degree of genetic connection among A. flavolineata populations, our comparative analysis of genomes with and without B chromosomes provided evidence of two new B chromosome variants. These variants exhibited distinct compositions of various repeat classes, including transposable elements and satellite DNAs. Based on shared repeats, their chromosomal location, and the C-positive heterochromatin content on the B chromosome, these variants likely share a common origin but have undergone distinct molecular differentiation processes, resulting in varying degrees of heterochromatinization. Our data serve as a detailed example of the dynamic and differentiated nature of B chromosome molecular content at the interpopulation level, even when they share a common origin.
Degeneracy pressure in the presence of maximum length for non-interacting electrons
Authors: Parsamehr S. , Fatahi N.
Published: May 2024

Combining quantum theory with the fundamental principles of gravity results in the modification of the uncertainty principle. In this study, we employ the extended uncertainty principle (EUP) with the maximum length derived from the cosmological particle horizon. The impact of this specific kind of modification is examined in a non-interacting electron gas system. We analytically derive the generalized relations for the degeneracy pressure and the bulk modulus. An intriguing finding is that the degeneracy pressure is reduced, as confirmed by the observed size of white dwarfs, which is smaller than what is predicted by the standard theory. Nevertheless, it is still capable of providing support against gravitational collapse.
The S-matrix bootstrap: From the sine-Gordon model to celestial amplitudes
Authors: Stolbova Valeriia
Published: May 2024

This work is based upon classical achievements of S-matrix bootstrap together with an outline of its modern applications. We establish the connection from integral scattering amplitudes to the use of bootstrap technique in modern conformal field theories and holography. Using bootstrap approach, we provide the calculations for integral representations for the sine-Gordon S-matrix elements. Minimal form factors of this model are related to recent studies of certain conformal field theories. We also propose the extension of the sine-Gordon bootstrap equations to the space of conformal correlators known as celestial amplitudes.
Quasi-spherical gravitational collapse in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Wang Chuyun , Asghar Hajra , Shah Hasrat Hussain , Shah Hassan
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the study of quasi-spherical gravitational collapse in the framework of [Formula: see text] theory. We will divide geometry of the star into two distinct portions i.e. interior portion and exterior portion. In the interior portion, we consider quasi-spherical Szekeres line element and in the exterior portion we take Vaidya line element. The interior and exterior portions will be glued by using Israel’s junction conditions [W. Israel, Il Nuovo Cimento B (1965–1970) 44, 1 (1966); W. Israel, Phys. Lett. A 24, 184 (1967)]. The field equations will be derived in the context of [Formula: see text] theory for a particular model. Apparent horizons and their time configuration for various desirable cases will also be discussed.
Role of Allee and Fear for Controlling Chaos in a Predator–Prey System with Circulation of Disease in Predator
Authors: Das Krishna Pada , Patra Anirban , Mondal Seema Sarkar , Kaur Rajinder Pal , Pal Biswadip , Ali Md Firoj , Ghosh Sayantari , Sikari Somnath
Published: May 2024

This paper explores a predator–prey system featuring fear and disease within the predator population,utilizing the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model with Holling type-II functional response. The primary focus lies in investigating the impact of a fear factor, wherein the prey’s growth rate is hindered due to predator-induced fear. Additionally, the model accounts for the spread of disease among predators,leading to a division between susceptible and infected predator subpopulations. The inclusion of an Allee effect in the susceptible predator further enriches the model. The study involves a thorough examination, encompassing local and global stability analysis as well as Hopf bifurcation analysis around the interior equilibrium point. Numerical simulations underscore a noteworthy observation: an escalation in interaction force propels the system into chaotic dynamics,marked by stable focus, limit cycles and period-doubling phenomena. A noteworthy finding pertains to the influence of the Allee parameter ([Formula: see text]) on chaotic dynamics. As the Allee parameter values increase, the system tends to stable focus through a sequence of chaotic states, period-doubling and limit cycles. Subsequently, the paper introduces the role of another pivotal parameter, the fear factor, into the chaotic dynamics. Intriguingly, chaos transforms into stable focus through diverse nonlinear phenomena, including period-doubling and limit cycles. This nuanced exploration of parameters sheds light on the intricate dynamics governing the predator–prey system, offering a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between fear, disease and ecological factors.

So our observation throughout this paper that how chaos behaves here after one by one injection of our new features: fear factor and Allee parameter?
Debt on the Ground: The Scholarly Discourse of Bankruptcy and Financial Precarity
Authors: Foohey Pamela , Lawless Robert M. , Thorne Deborah
Published: May 2024

A rich literature uses law and social science methods to better understand household financial distress and overindebtedness both inside and outside of bankruptcy. This scholarship contributes to several ongoing scholarly conversations, such as those on income and wealth disparities across race and class, how people live in circumstances of financial precarity, why people turn to the legal system to solve their problems, and how to improve access to justice so people can get the help they need. We first review the current literature about who files bankruptcy, the contributors to people's need to file bankruptcy, what happens to them in bankruptcy court, and what happens after their bankruptcy cases conclude. We then outline a research agenda of low-hanging fruit that will contribute to broader sociological and sociolegal research agendas, including economic mobility, aging, gender studies, health studies, family studies, social psychology, and policy work.
Ni/GDC Fuel Electrode for Low-Temperature SOFC and its Aging Behavior Under Accelerated Stress
Authors: Liu Y. , Juckel M. , Menzler N. H. , Weber A.
Published: May 2024

The microstructural integrity of Ni-based fuel electrodes is important for long-term solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation. Degradation due to microstructural changes such as Ni-agglomeration, coarsening, and densification must be prevented by an appropriate microstructure. Here, the performance of four types of nickel-ceria-based fuel electrodes, which differ concerning layer sequence and manufacturing processes, was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the nominal operating temperature of 600 °C. Electrodes produced through screen-printed GDC exhibited an acceptable polarization resistance (0.260 Ωcm2), whereas electrodes with an additional printed Ni/GDC layer demonstrated inferior performance (0.550 Ωcm2). Electrodes formed through infiltration of GDC into the printed GDC-layer displayed unreproducible performance values ranging from 0.16 to 1.20 Ωcm2 despite similar processing. Conversely, electrodes with an extra layer of GDC infiltrated into the Ni-backbone exhibited good performance (0.195 Ωcm2) and stability. Accelerated degradation tests under OCV at increased operating temperatures of 700 and 900 °C were performed on the sample based on a GDC infiltrated Ni-backbone that performed best among reproducible samples. The polarization resistance at 600 °C recorded at the beginning and the end of life increased by up to 100%. Microstructural analysis of the electrodes at different aging states revealed strong microstructural changes of fine-infiltrated GDC structures and Ni agglomeration at higher operating temperature.
Understanding and Enhancing Silicon Nanoparticle Distribution during Electrode Processing
Authors: Wu Bingbin , Quinn Joseph , Li Jingnan , Li Qiuyan , Liu Dianying , Martin Witness , Baar Kevin , Zhong Lirong , Wang Chongming , Xiao Jie
Published: May 2024

Silicon-dominant anodes are of great interest because of their potential to boost the cell-level energy of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. While silicon materials have been extensively studied, understanding interactions at the electrode level has recieved little attention, especially the coating process of Si particles, which plays an equally important role in unlocking the full potential of silicon anodes. Herein, the electrode processing of a Si-dominated anode (52.8 wt%, 3.5–4.5 mAh cm−2) is being investigated to understand the relationship of processing on the morphology and properties of Si anodes at the electrode level. It has been found that almost-undetectable Si agglomerates easily form during electrode processing, which grow into largeprotrusions after lithiation and trigger potential internal shorting and self-discharge problems. A facile slurry filtration step is proposed to homogenize the particle distribution within Si-dominant electrodes which improves the electrochemical performance and storage stability of Si-based Li ion batteries.
Classification of Neurocognition in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Kurebayashi Yusuke , Otaki Junichi
Published: May 2024

Objectives. Cognitive functions in almost all domains are lower in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy controls, with the severity of impairment differing between domains. Treatments are being developed to improve cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of cognitive impairment must be clarified to facilitate treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to classify the patterns of cognitive impairment in individuals and provide treatment suggestions. Methods. Patients with schizophrenia were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Demographic and psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale for Schizophrenia and neurocognitive functions, using the CogHealth battery. The following domains were assessed: processing speed, visual attention, working memory, visual learning, and spatial attention. The scores were standardised and assigned as the same-aged average score. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method was performed based on CogHealth scores. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare the variables in each cluster. Results. In total, 133 participants were classified into four clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 16), with severe cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms and the longest stay; Cluster 2 (n = 44), with moderate cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms; Cluster 3 (n = 42), with preserved cognitive function, except for spatial perception, and mild psychiatric symptoms; and Cluster 4 (n = 31), with only memory and spatial perception impairment and mild psychiatric symptoms. Implications. The clusters indicate that impairment may occur in all or selective domains. Selective domain impairments may be in spatial perception or in spatial perception and memory. Therefore, it is recommended that treatments for cognitive dysfunction are developed into four subsets considering an individual’s cognitive features.
Assessment of Reinforcement Effect of FRP‐Strengthened Shield Segment Joint Based on the CZM Model
Authors: Kuang Jianjun , Chen Yuanqing , Li Xiaofei , Guo Wei , Li Jia , Huang Yiqun
Published: May 2024

As the weakest link in the shield segment, the reinforcement and repair technology of shield segment joint has received widespread attention. In this study, an finite element model utilizing a cohesive zone model (CZM) was constructed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the shield segment joint during the whole fracture process. The proposed modeling method of joint allows multiple layers of steel bars to be stacked without interference by applying cohesive elements. Cohesive elements were employed to represent the mechanical response of potential fracture surfaces in concrete, as well as the interfaces between steel–concrete and fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP)–concrete, by utilizing various constitutive models tailored for mixed‐mode loading conditions. A group of experiments was chosen to assess the precision of the proposed model by comparing the mechanical response and the fracture patterns. Finally, parameter analyses were conducted to study the reinforcement effect of the FRP bonding length and width on the shield segment joint. The results indicate that external bonding of FRP can effectively enhance the bearing capacity and stiffness of shield segment joints. However, insufficient bonding length or width may significantly reduce the strengthening effect and potentially decrease the ductility of the joint.
OHIP‐14 Scores in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome Compared to Sicca Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Carli Elisabetta , Gennai Stefano , Graziani Filippo , Nisi Marco
Published: May 2024

Objectives. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of mucous membranes, predominantly the eyes and mouth, following glandular tissue substitution. The onset of oral dryness constitutes a significant source of discomfort that negatively affects overall quality of life. This systematic review aimed at investigating the differences in Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire scores in patients diagnosed with Sjögren’s syndrome compared to sicca syndrome, to assess the influence of the two conditions on oral health. Study Design. A systematic electronic and manual search was performed up to December 2023 for studies reporting OHIP‐14 questionnaire scores in pSS patients versus sicca syndrome. Two authors independently reviewed, selected, and extracted the data. The outcome was the assessment of OHIP‐14 scores in studies comparing pSS‐ and sicca syndrome‐affected patients. Meta‐analysis was conducted on available quantitative data. Results. Literature search retrieved 30 articles, and 3 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Meta‐analysis revealed significantly higher scores in patients with sicca syndrome compared to pSS, although salivary flow was markedly reduced in pSS. Conclusions. While offering supplementary information to standard tests and supporting the assessment of pSS and sicca syndrome patients, further validation is necessary to establish OHIP‐14 validity in determining the impact of pSS and sicca syndrome on patients’ quality of life.
Table S3 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: May 2024

Marker Genes in Clusters from YU-006
Figure S3 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: May 2024

Drug tolerant residual disease is characterized by profound gene expression, but not mutational, changes compared to untreated tumors. Pyrosequencing results and mapping of bulk RNA-seq reads to mouse and human genome.
Figure S2 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: May 2024

Drug tolerant residual tumors exhibit variable levels of proliferation and low levels of apoptosis. IHC Quantification and additional IHC results to profile cell proliferation.
MYC Inhibition Potentiates CD8+ T Cells Against Multiple Myeloma and Overcomes Immunomodulatory Drug Resistance
Authors: Davis Lorraine N. , Walker Zachary J. , Reiman Lauren T. , Parzych Sarah E. , Stevens Brett M. , Jordan Craig T. , Forsberg Peter A. , Sherbenou Daniel W.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are a cornerstone of multiple myeloma (MM) therapies, yet the disease inevitably becomes refractory. IMiDs exert cytotoxicity by inducing cereblon-dependent proteasomal degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3, resulting in downregulation of the oncogenic transcription factors IRF4 and MYC. To date, clinical IMiD resistance independent of cereblon or IKZF1/3 has not been well explored. Here, we investigated the roles of IRF4 and MYC in this context.

Experimental Design:

Using bone marrow aspirates from patients with IMiD-naïve or refractory MM, we examined IKZF1/3 protein levels and IRF4/MYC gene expression following ex vivo pomalidomide treatment via flow cytometry and qPCR. We also assessed exvivo sensitivity to the MYC inhibitor MYCi975 using flow cytometry.

Results:

We discovered that although pomalidomide frequently led to IKZF1/3 degradation in MM cells, it did not affect MYC gene expression in most IMiD-refractory samples. We subsequently demonstrated that MYCi975 exerted strong anti-MM effects in both IMiD-naïve and -refractory samples. Unexpectedly, we identified a cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+ T) cells from patients with MM as crucial effectors of MYCi975-induced cytotoxicity in primary MM samples, and we discovered that MYCi975 enhanced the cytotoxic functions of memory CD8+ T cells. We lastly observed synergy between MYCi975 and pomalidomide in IMiD-refractory samples, suggesting that restoring MYC downregulation can re-sensitize refractory MM to IMiDs.

Conclusions:

Our study supports the concept that MYC represents an Achilles’ heel in MM across disease states and that MYCi975 may be a promising therapeutic for patients with MM, particularly in combination with IMiDs.
Supplementary Tables from Clec4A4 Acts as a Negative Immune Checkpoint Regulator to Suppress Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Uto Tomofumi , Fukaya Tomohiro , Mitoma Shuya , Nishikawa Yotaro , Tominaga Moe , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Sato Katsuaki
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Tables
Table S1 from Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Authors: Sneider Alexandra , Liu Ying , Starich Bartholomew , Du Wenxuan , Nair Praful R. , Marar Carolyn , Faqih Najwa , Ciotti Gabrielle E. , Kim Joo Ho , Krishnan Sejal , Ibrahim Salma , Igboko Muna , Locke Alexus , Lewis Daniel M. , Hong Hanna , Karl Michelle N. , Vij Raghav , Russo Gabriella C. , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Habibi Mehran , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Gu Luo , Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Wirtz Denis
Published: May 2024

Table S1 - Primers for qRT-PCR analysis
Figure S2 from Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Authors: Sneider Alexandra , Liu Ying , Starich Bartholomew , Du Wenxuan , Nair Praful R. , Marar Carolyn , Faqih Najwa , Ciotti Gabrielle E. , Kim Joo Ho , Krishnan Sejal , Ibrahim Salma , Igboko Muna , Locke Alexus , Lewis Daniel M. , Hong Hanna , Karl Michelle N. , Vij Raghav , Russo Gabriella C. , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Habibi Mehran , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Gu Luo , Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Wirtz Denis
Published: May 2024

Isolation and characterization of EVs
Figure S1 from Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Authors: Sneider Alexandra , Liu Ying , Starich Bartholomew , Du Wenxuan , Nair Praful R. , Marar Carolyn , Faqih Najwa , Ciotti Gabrielle E. , Kim Joo Ho , Krishnan Sejal , Ibrahim Salma , Igboko Muna , Locke Alexus , Lewis Daniel M. , Hong Hanna , Karl Michelle N. , Vij Raghav , Russo Gabriella C. , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Habibi Mehran , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Gu Luo , Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Wirtz Denis
Published: May 2024

Stiffness measurements of primary patient tissues
FIGURE 2 from Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Authors: Sneider Alexandra , Liu Ying , Starich Bartholomew , Du Wenxuan , Nair Praful R. , Marar Carolyn , Faqih Najwa , Ciotti Gabrielle E. , Kim Joo Ho , Krishnan Sejal , Ibrahim Salma , Igboko Muna , Locke Alexus , Lewis Daniel M. , Hong Hanna , Karl Michelle N. , Vij Raghav , Russo Gabriella C. , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Habibi Mehran , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Gu Luo , Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Wirtz Denis
Published: May 2024

EV cargo is affected by matrix stiffness. A, Schematic of EV secretion by cancer cells on standard plastic, tumor (25 kPa) stiffness and normal tissue (0.5 kPa) stiffness. B, Silver stain of EV isolated proteins. C, Clustergram of EV protein abundance values. The color scale corresponds to the log2 normalized z-scored abundance values scaled to −2 and 2 for visual clarity. Three biological repeats. See also Supplementary Table S2. D, Gene ontology pathway analysis using Metascape for MDA-MB-231 EV proteins enriched in stiff EVs over soft EVs (79). Three biological repeats.
FIGURE 1 from Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis
Authors: Sneider Alexandra , Liu Ying , Starich Bartholomew , Du Wenxuan , Nair Praful R. , Marar Carolyn , Faqih Najwa , Ciotti Gabrielle E. , Kim Joo Ho , Krishnan Sejal , Ibrahim Salma , Igboko Muna , Locke Alexus , Lewis Daniel M. , Hong Hanna , Karl Michelle N. , Vij Raghav , Russo Gabriella C. , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Habibi Mehran , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Gu Luo , Eisinger-Mathason T.S. Karin , Wirtz Denis
Published: May 2024

Matrix stiffness impacts the quantity of EVs produced by patient tissue. A, Representative primary breast tumor tissue. Sample has been mechanically mapped using microindentation. Dark circles indicate measurements of the elastic modulus expressed in units of kPa. Crosses are nonmeasurable indentations. Dotted lines indicate where the tissue was sectioned into stiff (middle) and soft (right) regions for subsequent vesicle collection. B, Mean compression measurements (kPa, mean ± SEM) of patient tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Ten adjacent normal tissue samples and nine tumor tissue samples. Nonparametric t test. C, Vesicles released per gram of tissue in pathologist determined tumor adjacent or tumor tissue patient samples. Ten normal tissue samples and eight tumor tissue samples. D, Combined tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues samples separated by mean compression measurements (kPa, mean ± SEM). Fourteen samples < 10 kPa and four samples > 10 kPa. E, Tumor samples separated by mean microindentation measurements (kPa, mean ± SEM). Thirteen samples < 10 kPa and six samples > 10 kPa. Nonparametric t test.
Empowering Women in Labor Market: a Comprehensive Analysis of Recent Legal Developments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Polok Beata Maria
Published: May 2024

This survey examines the legal developments in Saudi Arabia following the announcement of the Vision 2030 reform plan in 2016. While the primary goal of Vision 2030 is to reduce the country’s dependence on oil and diversify the economy, it has also had a significant impact on women’s rights and empowerment. Legislative changes have been enacted to promote women’s participation in both public and private life, aligning with the core principles of Vision 2030. This Survey analyzes the specific legal reforms aimed at empowering women, including measures to facilitate access to the job market. Additionally, it explores developments related to women’s driving rights, gender segregation, anti-harassment laws, and the new Personal Status Law. These reforms indirectly contribute to women’s empowerment across private and public spheres.