bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precession modulation of the South Pacific westerly wind belt over the past million years
Authors: Lamy Frank , Chiang John C. H. , Martínez-Méndez Gema , Thierens Mieke , Arz Helge W. , Bosmans Joyce , Hebbeln Dierk , Lambert Fabrice , Lembke-Jene Lester , Stuut Jan-Berend
Published: November 2019

The southern westerly wind belt (SWW) interacts with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and strongly impacts the Southern Ocean carbon budget, and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics across glacial–interglacial cycles. We investigated precipitation-driven sediment input changes to the Southeast Pacific off the southern margin of the Atacama Desert over the past one million years, revealing strong precession (19/23-ka) cycles. Our simulations with 2 ocean–atmosphere general circulation models suggest that observed cyclic rainfall changes are linked to meridional shifts in water vapor transport from the tropical Pacific toward the southern Atacama Desert. These changes reflect a precessional modulation of the split in the austral winter South Pacific jet stream. For precession maxima, we infer significantly enhanced rainfall in the southern Atacama Desert due to a stronger South Pacific split jet with enhanced subtropical/subpolar jets, and a weaker midlatitude jet. Conversely, we derive dry conditions in northern Chile related to reduced subtropical/subpolar jets and an enhanced midlatitude jet for precession minima. The presence of precessional cycles in the Pacific SWW, and lack thereof in other basins, indicate that orbital-scale changes of the SWW were not zonally homogeneous across the Southern Hemisphere, in contrast to the hemispherewide shifts of the SWW suggested for glacial terminations. The strengthening of the jet is unique to the South Pacific realm and might have affected winter-controlled changes in the mixed layer depth, the formation of intermediate water, and the buildup of sea-ice around Antarctica, with implications for the global overturning circulation and the oceanic storage of atmospheric CO
2
.
Reduction-dependent siderophore assimilation in a model pennate diatom
Authors: Coale Tyler H. , Moosburner Mark , Horák Aleš , Oborník Miroslav , Barbeau Katherine A. , Allen Andrew E.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Diatoms can access inorganic iron with remarkable efficiency, but this process is contingent on carbonate ion concentration. As ocean acidification reduces carbonate concentration, inorganic iron uptake may be discouraged in favor of carbonate-independent uptake. We report details of an iron assimilation process that needs no carbonate but requires exogenous compounds produced by cooccurring organisms. We show this process to be critical for diatom growth at high siderophore concentrations, but ineffective at acquiring iron from low-affinity organic chelators or lithogenic particulates. Understanding the caveats associated with iron source preference in diatoms will help predict the impacts of climate change on microbial community structure in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll ecosystems.
Attributing long-term sea-level rise to Paris Agreement emission pledges
Authors: Nauels Alexander , Gütschow Johannes , Mengel Matthias , Meinshausen Malte , Clark Peter U. , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: November 2019

The main contributors to sea-level rise (oceans, glaciers, and ice sheets) respond to climate change on timescales ranging from decades to millennia. A focus on the 21st century thus fails to provide a complete picture of the consequences of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on future sea-level rise and its long-term impacts. Here we identify the committed global mean sea-level rise until 2300 from historical emissions since 1750 and the currently pledged National Determined Contributions (NDC) under the Paris Agreement until 2030. Our results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions over this 280-y period result in about 1 m of committed global mean sea-level rise by 2300, with the NDC emissions from 2016 to 2030 corresponding to around 20 cm or 1/5 of that commitment. We also find that 26 cm (12 cm) of the projected sea-level-rise commitment in 2300 can be attributed to emissions from the top 5 emitting countries (China, United States of America, European Union, India, and Russia) over the 1991–2030 (2016–2030) period. Our findings demonstrate that global and individual country emissions over the first decades of the 21st century alone will cause substantial long-term sea-level rise.
Pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of a charge-ordered indium halide perovskite
Authors: Lin Jia , Chen Hong , Gao Yang , Cai Yao , Jin Jianbo , Etman Ahmed S. , Kang Joohoon , Lei Teng , Lin Zhenni , Folgueras Maria C. , Quan Li Na , Kong Qiao , Sherburne Matthew , Asta Mark , Sun Junliang , Toney Michael F. , Wu Junqiao , Yang Peidong
Published: November 2019

Phase transitions in halide perovskites triggered by external stimuli generate significantly different material properties, providing a great opportunity for broad applications. Here, we demonstrate an In-based, charge-ordered (In
+
/In
3+
) inorganic halide perovskite with the composition of Cs
2
In(I)In(III)Cl
6
in which a pressure-driven semiconductor-to-metal phase transition exists. The single crystals, synthesized via a solid-state reaction method, crystallize in a distorted perovskite structure with space group
I
4/
m
with
a
= 17.2604(12) Å,
c
= 11.0113(16) Å if both the strong reflections and superstructures are considered. The supercell was further confirmed by rotation electron diffraction measurement. The pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition was demonstrated by high-pressure Raman and absorbance spectroscopies and was consistent with theoretical modeling. This type of charge-ordered inorganic halide perovskite with a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition may inspire a range of potential applications.
Resilience of T cell-intrinsic dysfunction in transplantation tolerance
Authors: Miller Michelle L. , McIntosh Christine M. , Wang Ying , Chen Luqiu , Wang Peter , Lei Yuk Man , Daniels Melvin D. , Watkins Elyse , Mora Solano Carolina , Chong Anita S. , Alegre Maria-Luisa
Published: November 2019

Significance

Activated naïve T cells acquire a memory state that improves their ability to respond to second antigen encounter. Whether activated T cells in tolerant settings can develop memory is less clear. Using a mouse model of cardiac transplantation, we show that alloreactive T cells failed to acquire phenotypic and functional characteristics of memory cells, but instead developed cell-intrinsic hyporesponsiveness. Acquiring the dysfunctional state depended on alloantigen persistence and duration of alloantigen exposure. Following infection-dependent abrogation of established tolerance, alloreactive T cells remained dysfunctional. The resilience of the hyporesponsive state, including the inability to differentiate into memory T cells, may explain why episodes of transplant rejection in the clinic do not preclude subsequent successful weaning from immunosuppressive drugs.
Rapid condensation of the first Solar System solids
Authors: Marrocchi Yves , Villeneuve Johan , Jacquet Emmanuel , Piralla Maxime , Chaussidon Marc
Published: November 2019

Chondritic meteorites are composed of primitive components formed during the evolution of the Solar protoplanetary disk. The oldest of these components formed by condensation, yet little is known about their formation mechanism because of secondary heating processes that erased their primordial signature. Amoeboid Olivine Aggregates (AOAs) have never been melted and underwent minimal thermal annealing, implying they might have retained the conditions under which they condensed. We performed a multiisotope (O, Si, Mg) characterization of AOAs to constrain the conditions under which they condensed and the information they bear on the structure and evolution of the Solar protoplanetary disk. High-precision silicon isotopic measurements of 7 AOAs from weakly metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites show large, mass-dependent, light Si isotope enrichments (–9‰ < δ
30
Si < –1‰). Based on physical modeling of condensation within the protoplanetary disk, we attribute these isotopic compositions to the rapid condensation of AOAs over timescales of days to weeks. The same AOAs show slightly positive δ
25
Mg that suggest that Mg isotopic homogenization occurred during thermal annealing without affecting Si isotopes. Such short condensation times for AOAs are inconsistent with disk transport timescales, indicating that AOAs, and likely other high-temperature condensates, formed during brief localized high-temperature events.
Gender stereotyping
Authors: Dziallas Kristina
Published: November 2019

Across languages, the head and sexualized body parts (i.e., vagina, breasts, penis, testicles) are conceptualized in a number of ways, for example as fruits and vegetables: heads are conceptualized as cabbages, vaginas as figs, breasts as melons, penises as carrots, and testicles as olives, to only name a few. The present study draws on the theories of conceptual metaphor and metonymy byLakoff & Johnson (1980)to analyze the conceptualizations of the five body parts as fruits and vegetables in English, Spanish and French. For this purpose, a slang dictionary-based database of 184 conceptualizations was compiled. Research on the head and sexualized body parts is particularly interesting as they represent the core of intellect and sexuality respectively, which makes them prone to being conceptualized in a variety of expressive and euphemistic ways. The results of the present study show that female body parts are primarily conceptualized as sweet fruits, while the penis as well as the head are mostly understood of as savory vegetables. This finding suggests a case of gender stereotyping, whereby sweet-natured women are denied intelligence as the head is stereotypically seen as a male body part (i.e., as a savory vegetable).
Resources not rulebooks
Authors: Cushing Ian
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the way that teachers use metaphors to think and talk about grammar and what this means for classroom practice. It does so by employing conceptual metaphor theory to analyse teachers’ metalinguistic discourse, focusing particularly on construals of grammar and grammar teaching. Based on a series of interviews with 24 UK-based secondary school English teachers, the findings suggest that teachers make extensive use of metaphor, often mapping the abstract domain ofgrammarwith concrete domains such asconstruction materialandrulebook. The discipline of English studies itself was often construed as a series of separate parts, withgrammaroccupying a physical space that was often seen as disconnected to other aspects of the curriculum. The findings are discussed in relation to sociocultural contexts, including the current climate of English teaching in the UK, educational policy discourse, public and professional views on language, and the place of grammar on the curriculum.
Actitudes y papel de los padres en la transmisión y en el aprendizaje del español como lengua minoritaria en dos tipos
de enseñanza bilingüe en Finlandia
Authors: Ansó Ros Judith
Published: November 2019

En este estudio se analiza, por un lado, el beneficio de ser bilingüe y, por otro, cómo las familias planifican
este hecho y qué actitudes motivacionales (instrumentales o integrativas) llevan a los padres a inscribir a sus hijos en programas
de enseñanza bilingüe. Los datos se han obtenido mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas a los padres de alumnos de dos tipos de
programas bilingües finés-español en Finlandia. El análisis muestra el papel destacado de la madre en el mantenimiento y
aprendizaje de la lengua minoritaria incluso cuando no es su lengua nativa, así como el papel del padre y subraya, además, cómo
los matrimonios mixtos facilitan el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua minoritaria. Los resultados describen un patrón
determinado de familia y el uso de la lengua minoritaria en el hogar.
Second language vocabulary learning through subtitling
Authors: Lertola Jennifer
Published: November 2019

This article aims to contribute to shedding light on subtitling in the field of second language vocabulary
learning while indicating possible directions for future research. In view of previous research, it investigates the effects of
subtitling on incidental vocabulary acquisition. It is based on an experimental study carried out, after extensive piloting, with
25 English native speakers studying Italian as a Foreign Language (levels A1–A2) at the National University of Ireland, Galway. By
triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, the experimental study shows that interlingual subtitling promotes the incidental
acquisition of new word meanings in terms of productive recall.
El efecto de la evaluación y la retroalimentación en la autonomía, la motivación y el aprendizaje del español como L3
Authors: García Pujals Alberto , Lasagabaster David
Published: November 2019

La práctica de la lengua meta mediante las destrezas productivas lleva al aprendiz a elaborar hipótesis. Aquí, la evaluación y la retroalimentación fomentan el aprendizaje autónomo partiendo de los propios errores, lo que supone una fuente de motivación. En este estudio empírico se realizó una propuesta didáctica con autoevaluación, evaluación entre iguales, tutoría y evaluación sumativa de tareas de redacción y presentación en 11 cursos de español en Alemania con 97 participantes. Con el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los datos obtenidos de un cuestionario se pretendía averiguar qué tipo de evaluación o retroalimentación influía más en la percepción de aprendizaje, autonomía y motivación. La evaluación sumativa de redacciones y presentaciones combinada con la autoevaluación durante un semestre confirmó una mejoría en la motivación y el aprendizaje. Además, la evaluación entre iguales y la tutoría de la expresión oral fueron percibidas como más motivadoras que en periodos de aprendizaje anteriores.
Towards a new methodological approach to social historiography of translation
Authors: Ashrafi Nasrin , Hashemi Mohammad Reza , Akbari Hossein
Published: November 2019

In an attempt to appreciate the contribution that social network analysis (SNA) might offer to translation historiography, two main approaches are presented and discussed in this study: explanatory SNA and exploratory SNA. The former is more concerned with SNA measures while the latter deals with three potential narratives of social networks. The aim is to employ SNA in diachronic and synchronic dimensions of literary translation publishing historiography in Iran from 1991 to 2010, a micro-macro framework that seamlessly integrates agents’ relationships, visualization and network analysis techniques to explore the impact of ideological-political shifts on the quantity as well as quality of major agents’ relations. Furthermore, the study attempts to explore how the synergy between Giddens’ Structuration Theory (GST) and SNA can support a deeper and more empirically grounded understanding of translation historiography. The goal of the study is both methodological and scientific. The results of SNA graphical outputs suggest that there is a significant relationship between the structure of relationships in fiction publishing field and the dominant political discourse in Iran.
Local versus global master equation with common and separate baths: superiority of the global approach in partial secular approximation
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Giorgi Gian Luca , Maniscalco Sabrina , Zambrini Roberta
Published: November 2019

Open systems of coupled qubits are ubiquitous in quantum physics. Finding a suitable master equation to describe their dynamics is therefore a crucial task that must be addressed with utmost attention. In the recent past, many efforts have been made toward the possibility of employing local master equations, which compute the interaction with the environment neglecting the direct coupling between the qubits, and for this reason may be easier to solve. Here, we provide a detailed derivation of the Markovian master equation for two coupled qubits interacting with common and separate baths, considering pure dephasing as well as dissipation. Then, we explore the differences between the local and global master equation, showing that they intrinsically depend on the way we apply the secular approximation. Our results prove that the global approach with partial secular approximation always provides the most accurate choice for the master equation when Born–Markov approximations hold, even for small inter-system coupling constants. Using different master equations we compute the stationary heat current between two separate baths, the entanglement dynamics generated by a common bath, and the emergence of spontaneous synchronization, showing the importance of the accurate choice of approach.
Achieving ambitious climate targets: is it economical for New Zealand to invest in agricultural GHG mitigation?
Authors: Carroll Jennifer L , Daigneault Adam J
Published: November 2019

Reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which contribute approximately 24% of global emissions, is important to efficiently achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; however, most mitigation options have focused on industrialized, not pastoral farming practices. New Zealand (NZ) has ambitious GHG reduction targets, but biogenic emissions from the agricultural sector are nearly half of total annual emissions and hence must be an integral part of the solution. We use a national-level economic land use model to estimate the benefits and costs of implementing land-based GHG emissions reduction practices that are currently available and/or under development. Results indicate the cost and effectiveness of modeled practices are highly variable, with individual practices capable of reducing gross GHGs by 2% to 62%. Methane inhibitors are estimated to be highly effective but costly, while targeted urine patch treatments are cheap but less effective. Afforestation and methane vaccines cost less than $50/tCO2e and could reduce NZ’s GHG emissions by at least 20%. Using a mix of current and emerging mitigation practices to achieve reduction targets ranging from 10% to 50% could cost an average of $14 to $76/tCO2e, potentially much less than estimates for achieving similar targets from NZ’s energy and transportation sectors. Sensitivity analysis indicates that commercialization of an effective methane vaccine at a cost that is typical of other livestock vaccines is critical to achieving a 50% gross emissions reduction target. Without it, a large portion of land could be left fallow. The practices and technologies evaluated in this paper are not unique to New Zealand and could be adopted globally, thereby helping other nations achieve their climate mitigation goals more cost-effectively.
Experimental study on the effects of coal particle size and fissure size on underground coal fires
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Pan Yong , Song Zeyang , Zhu Xueliang , Han Sikai , Zhang Songlin
Published: November 2019

Underground coal fire (UCF) widely spreads in many countries, which is a serious threat to the environment and the safety of coal mining industries. The cause of UCF is complex and affected by many factors such as fissures and coal seam porosity. For the first time, a novel experimental framework is proposed to simulate UCF. Two variables i.e., the coal particle size (6mm, 9mm and 15mm) and fissure size (1cm, 2cm, 4cm and 6cm) are considered in experiments. The peak temperature, air velocity and the propagation rates of dry front, pyrolysis front and oxidation front are analyzed. The results show that peak temperature and spread rate of UCF increase if the particle size or fissure size increase. In the smoldering stage, the ventilation is driven by buoyancy force produced by hot smoke. And this driving action increases with the particle size or fissure size, which further promotes smoldering by inhaling more air. The smoldering may turn to flaming combustion when the particle size is 9mm with fissure size ⩾ 4cm or the particle size is 15mm.
Study and Application on Evaluation Methods of Air Pollution Control Technologies
Authors: Han Jiahui , Tong Yali , Yang Li , Gao Jiajia , Zuo Penglai , Liu Ping
Published: November 2019

At present, a complete evaluation system of air pollution control technologies (APCTs) in China has not been established. Evaluation system of China is relatively simple, and the understandings of evaluation rules are various. It has not yet formed a systematic, scientific, comprehensive and approved by authoritative departments of standard evaluation method for APCTs. Based on the comparative study of foreign environmental technology evaluation system, the method of air pollution control technology evaluation (APCTE) was put forward. Furthermore, the coal-fired boiler ultra-low emission technology was used as an example of application, and its applicability and environmental effects were tested and analyzed.
Practice and Challenge of in-seam Directional Borehole over 2000 m in Coal Mines in China
Authors: Xu Chao , Wang Xian , Liu Fei , Li Quanxin , Fang Jun
Published: November 2019

The gas in the coal seam is an important disaster-causing factor that affects and restricts the safe and efficient mining in coal mines. The use of directional drilling in the coal seam is the preferred method to reduce the gas content and pressure of the coal seam. In the past two decades, the directional drilling technology and equipment have been widely used in high-gas coal mine in China, and remarkable gas control effects have been achieved. In view of the need for gas control in super-long working face in China, it is proposed to use ZDY12000LD directional drill rig, BLY460/13 pump, survey system and supporting drilling tools to carry out directional drilling of in-seam over 2,000m, and to summarize and form the matching technology of directional drilling over 2,000m. It provides a new way to improve the construction capability of directional borehole in coal mines and explore a new mode for gas control in long working face.
Measurement of crude oil water content based on cross-correlation method
Authors: Gao Dali , Xiushui Ma , Ye Lingjian , Shen Feifan , Qiu Chen
Published: November 2019

In order to measure the proportion of each phase flow of oil-water mixture in practical application and improve the accuracy of crude oil moisture measurement, a method for measuring the water content of crude oil based on cross-correlation method is proposed. The capacitive array sensor is used for measurement to reduce the influence of the flow pattern on the measurement accuracy. The Particle Swarm Optimization BP Neural Network is used to accurately and nonlinearly fit the relationship between the voltage value and the water content to effectively improve the accuracy of the water content measurement.
The Rising and Decreasing Heat of Waters
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Lin Dong , Wang Qi , Zhang Longlei , Li Haixia
Published: November 2019

According to the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October of 1979, the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of water temperature at surface and bottom in inside and outside waters were studied, and the seasonal distribution, variation range and horizontal distribution trend were determined. The results showed that, in inside waters, bay mouth and outside waters, from May to August and to October, the seasonal variation was spring, autumn and spring, respectively, from high to low. It indicated that the water temperature was transported to everywhere in the ocean after the current transport in horizontal and vortex motion mixing in vertical direction. In terms of variation range, it was basically the same at surface and bottom in May, August and October. When it was low at surface, it was low at corresponding bottom; otherwise, it was opposite. From inside waters to bay mouth, the horizontal distribution of water temperature at surface was inconsistent with that at bottom in May, contrary in August and consistent in October. From bay mouth to outside waters, it was contrary in May, consistent in August and inconsistent in October. The horizontal distribution trend of water temperature disclosed that the source of high water temperature was the rising and decreasing heat.
Rapid determination of dye concentration in wastewater by TiO2-KMnO4 synergistic photocatalytic oxidation system
Authors: Yuan Yiwen , Hong Anqi , Fang Hanwei , Shen Zhijie , Zhang Yiping
Published: November 2019

A new method for the determination of dye concentration based on photocatalytic oxidation digestion and spectrophotometry was established by using KMnO4 synergistic TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation and methyl orange solution as simulated dye wastewater. The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation for the determination of dye concentration was discussed, and the optimal reaction conditions for dye digestion were investigated. The optimal digestion conditions were as follows: solution pH 1.5, TiO2 amount 1.0 g/L, KMnO4 initial concentration 10.0 mmol/L, solution temperature 80°C, ultraviolet light irradiation time 10 min. Compared with potassium dichromate reflux method or potassium permanganate method, the photocatalytic digestion method of TiO2-KMnO4 synergistic system is more rapid, efficient, economical and environmentally friendly, which provides a new idea for the determination of dye concentration in wastewater.
Optimization of oil depot operation process
Authors: Yang Shen
Published: November 2019

Oil depot is an important department for loading, unloading, transhipment and storage of petroleum products. The operation process of oil depot is directly related to the company’s efficiency and affect the quality. This thesis sorted out the operation of oil depots, analysed the common problems in the operation process of China’s oil depots, and gave an optimization plan for the operation process by taking a secondary oil depot of PetroChina as an example.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Soil Environmental Quality in Beijing City based on Grey Relational Theory
Authors: Tao Aixiang
Published: November 2019

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people’s requirements for environmental quality are also getting higher and higher. Soil environmental quality is an important component of environmental quality. Soil environmental quality is related to people’s living, diet and life safety. In this paper, the factors affecting soil environmental quality in Beijing were studied by using grey relational theory. In the order of importance from big to small,these factors are as follows: total energy consumption, gross domestic product, input level of science and technology, fertilizer use and environmental protection input level. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.
Research on Polynomial Regression Prefetching Model
Authors: Chun-jie Li , Hong-bo Li , Hua Li , Li-ming Zhang , Chun-yan Fu , Ji-ping Guo
Published: November 2019

Based on the addition of prefetching function in the Web, the polynomial regression prefetching model is studied, it designed to mitigate low query response times due to network latency. In the prediction module, the polynomial regression technique is used to predict the prefetch probability of each cache item in the semantic cache. In the prefetch module, a prefetch queue is generated. When the N+1th access period comes, the system idle time is used for prefetching to reduce the web access delay. Through the test and analysis of the Web query data added to the polynomial regression prefetch model, the exactness and stability of the polynomial regression prefetch model are proved, which can reduce the network delay and improve the query response speed.
Optimization of Process Conditions for Extracting Litsea cubeba Kernel Oil by Microwave-Assisted Water Method
Authors: Lai Pengying , He Yidan , Li Jilie , Xiao Zhihong , Zhang Aihua
Published: November 2019

Litsea cubeba is a rich woody oil plant resource in China. The economic value of Litsea cubeba oil is high. In order to improve the resource utilization rate of Litsea cubeba, this study used microwave-assisted water method to extract Litsea cubeba kernel oil from the seeds of Litsea cubeba. The optimum process conditions were as follows: microwave time 60 min, extraction temperature 80.18 °C, liquid-to-liquid ratio 11.46:1, microwave power 587.44 W. Under this optimized condition, the extraction rate of Litsea cubeba kernel oil was 37.54%. It can be seen that the microwave assisted water generation method for extracting Litsea cubeba nucleolus oil is reliable and has certain utilization value.
Effects of LAB fermentation on the quality of grass carp Fillet
Authors: Wang Xing , Luo Qiqi , Wu Yuan
Published: November 2019

Over a 7 days’ fermentation process, LAB (lactic acid bacteria) fermentation improved sensory characteristics such as hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, chewiness and resilience. The effects of the two LAB strains combination showed better than that of either single strain because of their synergy in growth and acid production. The results demonstrated that LAB cultures could be developed as fermentation starter and bio-preservative to improve the quality of grass carp in storage, and combination of synergetic LAB strains more promising.
Effects of 3-dimensional porous graphene oxide network on solid-state sensors
Authors: Jia Yunfang , Zhang Rong , Li Fang , Fan Qingjie
Published: November 2019

The three-dimensional porous graphene networks (3DPGN) is recently developed graphene material. They possess both the highest mobility of graphene material and the increased surface areas possessed by the porous micro 3D structure. These powerful graphene materials have been exploited to be super-capacitors, batteries, biomedical sensors and other bioengineering applications. In this work, their foundational functions for solid-state sensors are examined with the use of 3D porous graphene oxide (GO) network (3DPGON) as proof-of-concept. Its effects on the classical glass-chemical-electrodes (GCEs) and the pH-sensing light addressable potentiometric sensor are examined, respectively. It is found that the peak currents of 3DPGON film coated GCEs are increased with the increased 3DPGON, while the LAPS’ responding for pH are lowered. The increased currents of GCE are attributed to the enhanced electron transfer (ET) by GO and the enlarged surface area by micro-porous structure. While the lowered pH responding of LAPS is caused by the screen effect induced by 3DPGON coating. In conclusion, the decoration of 3DPGON on solid-state sensors should be considered seriously, it can enhance the total amount of charges exchanging at the liquid-solid interface which is propitious to forming solid-state sensor, but the drawback of 3DPGON modification does exist because the original surface sensing sites may be covered.
Panax Notoginseng Saponins Attenuates the ATP Induced Increases of Intracellular Ca2+ in Sertoli cells: Involvement of PLC signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xiong Zhe
Published: November 2019

Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) is a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies showed that Panax ginseng, a member of the same PNS family, improves sperm motility in men with asthenopermia or spermatogenetic disorder. However, molecule mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. Here, we explored the effects of PNS on the Ca2+ signals in cultured primary rat Sertoli cell using Fura-2 based calcium imaging techniques. Our results showed that PNS had no effect on the basal [Ca2+]i, but depressed the ATP-evoked [Ca2+]i responses by 54 %. A-317491, an inhibitor of P2X receptors, further facilitated inhibitory effects of PNS. Moreover, in Ca2+-free solution, PNS failed to prevent the stimulating effect of caffeine on [Ca2+]i, which functions by activating the ryanodine receptors. However, PNS significantly reduced the elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by Mch, a specific IP3 receptor activator. Meanwhile, U-73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, reversed the reduction of [Ca2+]i level in application of PNS. These results suggest that [Ca2+]i reduction regulated by PNS is attributed to the prevention of Ca2+ release via IP3 receptor and PLC signaling pathway may be involved in the process.
A mathematical model to study the effect of drug kinetics on the drug-induced resistance in tumor growth dynamics
Authors: TaLa  , Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaoyang , Zhang Junping , Guo Weisheng
Published: November 2019

Drug resistance is recognized as being the major obstacle to be overcome during the systemic chemotherapy of cancer. Tremendous amounts of molecular mechanisms results in resistance in the cell as they develop. Resistance always arises after drug application. The rate at which resistance occurs under mutation induced by drug is affected by drug kinetics. Yet, it isn’t clear how drug kinetic factors affect the evolution of resistance. Here, we developed a mathematical model to describe the growth of the resistant subpopulation along with the effect of different drugs administrated. In the model, we took into account how two critical kinetic factors for each drug, drug eradication rate and drug-induced resistance mutation rate, determine the treatment result. We calculated the drug dosage threshold for the maximum resistance and found that it only related to eradication rate. The combined analysis of the model and clinical data might give useful information on the treatment strategies and be potentially useful for designing specifically tailored cancer therapies with individual drugs.
Alterations of Metabolic Profile in The Plasma of High-fat High-fructose Diet-induced Obese Rats
Authors: Yu Yang , Li Kunping , Guo Jiao
Published: November 2019

Obesity, a kind of metabolic diseases, is tightly linked to many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, non-alcohol fatty liver diseases and diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of obesity remain uncertain. In order to comparatively analyze the plasma metabolome and present some clues for relative research on recovering the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling of the plasma of obese rats induced by high-fat high-fructose diet. The changes of plasma metabolism between the diet-induced obese rats(n=8) and healthy control rats(n=7) were studied and the significant metabolites were identified by multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Compared with control rats, diet-induced obese rats were characterized by 16 lower level metabolites and 23 higher level metabolites. These molecular changes were closely related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates metabolism and lipid metabolism. These findings may provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity and could be of valuable assistance in the early clinical diagnosis of obesity associated diseases.
Effects of Spraying Calcium Nitrate and NAA on the Storage Quality of Figs “Bo JiHong”
Authors: Zhang Xiaoai , Liu Yang , Liu Liping , Wang Xingteng , Wang Weixin , Liu Yuerong , Deng Qunxian , Zhang Huifen , Wang Xun , Xia Hui , Liang Dong
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to improve the storage quality of figs by determining how spraying calcium nitrate on fig fruits and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on leaves before plucking the fruits affect their storage quality. Storage experiments were performed on 4-year-old Bo JiHong, and results showed that all treatments contributed to improving the fruits’ hardness and alleviating the changes in several factors, including fruit-rot rate, soluble solids, titratable acid, and vitamin C content. In particular, the change rates of these factors for the calcium-alone treatment group decreased by 0%–15%, 6.2%–27.1%, 13.4%–32.4%, and 29.5%–31.3%, respectively, compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the change rates for the calcium + NAA treatment group decreased by 55%–70%, 34.7%–50.7%, 27.8%–54.8%, and 35.2%–60%, respectively, compared with the control group. These finding indicated that the consumption of nutrients inside the fruits was greatly diminished, the fruit shape was maintained, and the storage quality of figs was enhanced. The optimal storage effect was achieved by applying 0.5% Ca(NO3)2 + 30 mg· L–1 NAA.
Study on the deformation behavior of multi-pass hot compression for EBCHM single casting TA1 slab
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Jiang Hongbing , Liu Qiancheng , Zheng Xiaojiao , Shi Zhe , Yin Shubiao
Published: November 2019

In this paper, multi-pass hot compression experiments of pure titanium TA1 was investigated with Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation test machine at an initial temperature of 880°C. The purpose is to investigate the effects of hot compression on the deformation of a electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) single casting TA1 slab. The microstructure of the sample was analyized by metallograph and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the dynamic recovery was found to be the main recovery mechanism. The recrystallization nucleation mechanism were mainly bulging at grain boundary and merging of sub-grain.
Intelligent prediction method of mechanical property based on hybrid driving of industrial data and mechanism model for high speed wire
Authors: Li Hairu , Li Jie , Sun Qianqian , Zhao Fuxiang
Published: November 2019

For the high speed wire production process, a temperature field model and a strain field model were established. Based on the metallurgical mechanism model, the recrystallization and phase transition processes of the high speed wire rolling process were calculated, and the microstructure closely related to the mechanical property was obtained. Based on the combination with the actual production data, an artificial intelligence neural network architecture for predicting product property was established. Through the training of a large amount of data, the mapping relationship between process parameters and mechanical property was obtained, which has practical significance for the adjustment of actual chemical composition and process optimization.
Evaluating the Strengthening Effect of a Cracking Cross-beam for a Steel Truss Bridge
Authors: Xu Tianhui , Zhai Guanghui , Tan Jinhua
Published: November 2019

A three-dimensional finite element model of a steel truss bridge is established, and the stress distribution under dead loads is investigated. Then the most cracked cross-beam is modelled into solid elements, whose bearing capacity are investigated before and after being strengthened respectively, and the effectiveness of strengthening is estimated by static analysis. The joint with a crack whose size and location come from the site inspection is modelled, and the J integral, the stress intensity factor and the crack growth rate are estimated under specified load, lastly the fatigue performance are compared between the model before strengthening and that of after strengthening. The results show that the bearing capacity of the strengthened joint is greatly enhanced, the local stress concentration and deformation are significantly reduced, and the stress distribution become more reasonable, which prove that the fatigue performance is greatly improved, and the strengthening work achieved its design goal.
Study on the Influence of Different Tempering Processes on Microstructure and Properties of 40Cr Steel
Authors: Li Hongbo , Li Chunjie , Jiao Renbao , Liu Shibin , Pu Hongxu , Ma Zhen , Wang Di , Liu Wei , Rong Shoufan , Li Bing , Niu Yulin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the heat treatment of 40Cr steel is carried out to explore the difference of performance of 40Cr steel under different temperatures and different heat treatment conditions, and the optimal scheme is obtained. The results show that the workpiece is subjected to 850 °C normalizing plus 240°C low temperature tempering and 860°Cnormalizing plus 440°C medium temperature tempering and 860°Cnormalizing plus 520°Chigh temperature tempering. It is found that in the process of temperature increase, the infiltration A large amount of alloying elements such as carbon and chromium contained in the carbon body are incorporated into the austenite. Under the premise of ensuring the normalizing temperature is constant, as the tempering temperature increases, the hardness of the sample decreases, the toughness increases, and the microstructure of the metallographic microstructure is coarse. The samples were compared with 860°C oil quenching + 240°C low temperature tempering and 860°C normalizing + 240Clow temperature tempering samples. It was found that although the low temperature tempering after oil quenching had the highest strength, the plasticity index decreased significantly, the impact toughness value was the lowest, and the comprehensive performance was poor.
Optimization reconstruction of biregular term from limited-angle projections
Authors: Yufang Cai , Fanping Fu , Jue Wang , Yan Cheng
Published: November 2019

To reduce artifacts of CT image reconstructed from limited-angle projections data, we develop a biregular term optimization algorithm, which introduces the singular value decomposition (SVD) as an additional regularization term on the basis of gradient L0 norm regularization. We combine the alternating direction (ADM) method and the variable splitting method to solve the proposed optimization model. Firstly, the regularization of gradient L0 norm is performed, which takes advantage of the sparsity of the image gradient. Then, the regularization of SVD is carried out, which based on the low rank of the image. Finally, the weighted errors of two regularized image are fed back to the iterative reconstruction process. The experimental results show that, compared with the SART, SART+SVD,SART+L0 algorithms, the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed algorithm is increased by about 28%, 25%, 1%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced by about 11%, 8%, 0.05%, respectively. The proposed biregular term optimization algorithm can accurately restore image edge, effectively reduce the artifacts reconstructed by limited-angle projections, and significantly improve image quality.
Application of 3D Design Technology Based on BIM in Substation Design
Authors: Ren Chunguang , Guo Ning , Chen Bo
Published: November 2019

With the information technology era of intelligent grid of the new concept of deepening, substation as an important part of the smart grid has been sustained attention, substation design technology is also constantly improved to meet the new requirements of the national grid, building information model (referred to BIM) is one of the more widely used design techniques. This article briefly describes the use of Revit for three-dimensional design process, the establishment of family and so on. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the current three-dimensional design in the design of electrical specialty, civil engineering design and collaborative design are also discussed.
Research on Multi-scenario Intelligent Forecasting Model of China’s Electric Power Consumption Driven by Policy
Authors: Zhan Liping , Gu Yan
Published: November 2019

Electricity is the symbol of modern industrial civilization, the basic input of production and the necessities of people’s life. With the development of economy, the electric power industry plays an increasingly important role in the national economy. Accurate judgment of power demand is the premise of scientific planning, and its basis is a correct understanding of the law of power consumption, as well as a scientific understanding of the inherent relationship between power demand and economic development. Therefore, this paper systematically studies the relevant data of China from 1993 to 2018, carefully analyses the relationship between economic development and power consumption, reveals the basic law of power consumption and economic development, and on this basis, sets up different scenarios around industrial structure and power consumption structure, and makes multi-scenario prediction of China’s electricity demand in the coming 2020, 2030 and 2050 years, with a view to providing China’s electricity demand. Force demand planning and related policy formulation provide some reference.
Analysis of bearing capacity of Kunming Dianchi National Tourism Resort
Authors: Zhipeng Yang , Ying Xiong
Published: November 2019

Explaining the practice of social development shows that bearing capacity is a problem that must be faced by regional sustainable development. This paper uses the restrictive factor method to calculate and analyze the bearing capacity of Dianchi Lake Resort. The results show that the bearing capacity of Kunming Dianchi National Tourism Resort is currently in a state of overall coordination and some of the problems are outstanding; and corresponding suggestions are proposed.
Research and Design of High Voltage Intelligent Switch Technology Based on Primary and Secondary Fusion
Authors: Xiaoming WANG , Ke ZHOU , Wei ZHOU , Wenwei Li
Published: November 2019

At present, the intelligence of high-voltage switch is mainly embodied in the application of intelligent components such as intelligent terminals. A large number of discrete components and cables are still used in the switch body and secondary circuit. It brings many difficulties to installation, debugging, operation and maintenance. In order to adapt to the development direction of digital, integrated and standardized of primary equipment, this paper proposes a high-voltage intelligent switch scheme, which is fully integrated primary and secondary. This scheme will build multi source intelligent sensors, such as position sensor, SF6 gas sensor, current sensor, and configure intelligent control module in mechanism box and control box. The intelligent sensor realizes self-perception of equipment state, and the intelligent control module integrated with the switch mechanism body completes the local intelligent signal acquisition and control, it realizes the secondary circuit composed of optical fiber instead of cable and intelligent operation circuit instead of traditional discrete components, which greatly simplifies the traditional secondary circuit of switch, improves operation and maintenance efficiency.
Research on Probability Model of Non-independent Fault of Nuclear Power Units Based on Power Grid Operating Parameters
Authors: Xiaoming Wang , Dongshan Huang , Bin Wang , Xiangyu Lin
Published: November 2019

Nuclear power plants have the characteristics of high safety and reliability requirements, unlike the conventional thermal power plants adopting an independent fault probability model, the probability of its fault is closely related to the operation status of the power grid. To solve this problem, a non-independent fault probability model of nuclear power plants considering power grid operation parameters is proposed in this paper. This research firstly simulates N-1 fault scenarios of each power component in the grid, then the influences of the fault scenarios on the voltage and frequency of nuclear power plants access point are simulated through the power system analysis software tools (PSD-BPA), the possibility of its outage is determined according to the corresponding protection thresholds of nuclear power plants, and then the occurrence probabilities of these fault scenarios are taken into account, finally the non-independent fault probability of nuclear power plants which is relevant with power grid operation parameters will be obtained. The model lays the foundation for the evaluation of the operational reliability and risk of power grid with nuclear power plants accessed to.