bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Use of Anticoagulants in Germany and Its Impact on Hospitalization for Tooth Extraction
Authors: von Beckerath Olga , Kröger Knut , Santosa Frans , Nasef Ayat , Kowall Bernd , Stang Andreas
Published: November 2021

Objectives This article aimed to compare nationwide time trends of oral anticoagulant prescriptions with the time trend of hospitalization for tooth extraction (TE) in Germany from 2006 through 2017.

Patients and Methods We derived the annual number of hospital admissions for TE from the Nationwide Hospital Referral File of the Federal Bureau of Statistics and defined daily doses (DDD) of prescribed anticoagulants in outpatients from reports of the drug information system of the statutory health insurance.

Results From 2005 to 2017, annual oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment rates increased by 143.7%. In 2017, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represented 57.1% of all OAC treatments. The number of cases hospitalized for TE increased by 28.0 only. From all the cases hospitalized for TE in Germany in 2006, 14.2% had a documented history of long-term use of OACs. This proportion increased to 19.6% in 2017. Age-standardized hospitalization rates for all TE cases with long-term use of OACs increased from 6.6 in 2006 to 10.5 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2014 and remained almost unchanged thereafter.

Conclusion Our comparison showed that the large increase in OAC treatment rates in general from 2006 to 2017 had only a small impact on hospitalized TE cases with long-term use of OAC which flattens since 2014.
Ascending of Cycloaddition Strategy for N–O Heterocycles
Authors: Baidya Mahiuddin , Ghosh Prasanjit , Mondal Swati Lekha
Published: November 2021

The N–O heterocycles are biologically relevant scaffolds and versatile building blocks in contemporary organic synthesis. In this short review, we showcase the involvement and elevation of various cycloaddition strategies towards the production of the N–O heterocycles; 1,2-oxazines and 1,2-oxazinanes, 1,2-oxazepanes, and 1,2-oxazetidines. An overview of the advantages and challenges associated with these synthetic endeavors is provided.

1 Introduction

2 Six-Membered N–O Heterocycles (1,2-Oxazines and 1,2-Oxazinanes)

3 Seven-Membered N–O Heterocycles (1,2-Oxazepanes)

4 Four-Membered N–O Heterocycles (1,2-Oxazetidines)

5 Summary and Outlook
Anastomotic Technique—How to Optimize Success and Minimize Leak Rates
Authors: Man Jeannette , Hrabe Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Determining when to perform a bowel anastomosis and whether to divert can be difficult, as an anastomosis made in a high-risk patient or setting has potential for disastrous consequences. While the surgeon has limited control over patient-specific characteristics, the surgeon can control the technique used for creating anastomoses. Protecting and ensuring a vigorous blood supply is fundamental, as is mobilizing bowel completely, and employing adjunctive techniques to attain reach without tension. There are numerous ways to create anastomoses, with variations on the segment and configuration of bowel used, as well as the materials used and surgical approach. Despite numerous studies on the optimal techniques for anastomoses, no one method has prevailed. Without clear evidence on the best anastomotic technique, surgeons should focus on adhering to good technique and being comfortable with several configurations for a variety of conditions.
New Technologies to Prevent Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Uppal Abhineet , Pigazzi Alessio
Published: November 2021

Leaks from anastomoses can be a serious complication of any gastrointestinal resection. Leaks lead to increased morbidity, delayed postoperative recovery, and potential delays in adjuvant treatment in cancer cases. Prevention of anastomotic leak has been an area of ongoing research for decades. Methods of assessing bowel perfusion have been developed that may provide forewarning of anastomotic compromise. Physical reinforcement of the anastomosis with buttressing material is an available method employed with the goal of preventing leaks. Liquid-based sealants have also been explored. Lastly, interactions between the gut microbiome and anastomotic healing have been investigated as a mean of manipulating the microenvironment to reduce leak rates. Though no single technology has been successful in eliminating leaks, an understanding of these developing fields will be important for all surgeons who operate on the gastrointestinal tract.
Inefficiencies in Residency Matching Associated with Gale–Shapley Algorithms
Authors: Van Gelder Russell N. , Wu Yue , Taravati Parisa , Yanagihara Ryan T. , Francis Courtney E. , Blazes Marian , Lee Cecilia S. , Lee Aaron Y.
Published: November 2021

Objective This study aimed to investigate emerging trends and increasing costs in the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) and San Francisco Residency and Fellowship Match Services (SF Match) associated with the current applicant/program Gale–Shapley-type matching algorithms.

Design A longitudinal observational study of behavioral trends in national residency matching systems with modeling of match results with alternative parameters.

Patients and Methods We analyzed publicly available data from the SF Match and NRMP websites from 1985 to 2020 for trends in the total number of applicants and available positions, as well the average number of applications and interviews per applicant for multiple specialties. To understand these trends and the algorithms' effect on the residency programs and applicants, we analyzed anonymized rank list and match data for ophthalmology from the SF Match between 2011 and 2019. Match results using current match parameters, as well as under conditions in which applicant and/or program rank lists were truncated with finalized rank lists, were analyzed.

Results Both the number of applications and length of programs' rank lists have increased steadily throughout residency programs, particularly those with competitive specialties. Capping student rank lists at seven programs, or less than 80% of the average 8.9 programs currently ranked, results in a 0.71% decrease in the total number of positions filled. Similarly, capping program rank lists at seven applicants per spot, or less than 60% of the average 11.5 applicants ranked per spot, results in a 5% decrease in the total number of positions filled.

Conclusion While the number of ophthalmology positions in the United States has increased only modestly, the number of applications under consideration has increased substantially over the past two decades. The current study suggests that both programs and applicants rank more choices than are required for a nearly complete and stable match, creating excess cost and work for both applicants and programs. “Stable-marriage” type algorithms induce applicants and programs to rank as many counterparties as possible to maximize individual chances of optimizing the match.
Inaccuracy of Standard 2D Photography for the Diagnosis of Cephalic Malposition of Lateral Crural Cartilages
Authors: Bastaninejad Shahin , Tajdini Ardavan , Rezaie Yasaman
Published: November 2021

Lateral crural cephalic malposition (LCCM) is a well-known deformity of the nasal tip which contributes to functional disturbances of the external nasal valve. Accurate diagnosis of this deformity helps surgeons plan for better outcomes. A total of 176 candidate patients for primary rhinoplasty underwent standard 2D medical photography of the face. Senior authors analyzed photography results and differentiated the patients with LCCM. In addition, we measured the angle between the dorsal septum and lateral end of the long axis of the alar cartilage in the operation room. Ninety-five patients were diagnosed with LCCM on photography. As much as 31.3% (55) of all the patients had LCCM in intraoperative measurements. The sensitivity and specificity of 2D photography for diagnosing LCCM were 0.7924 and 0.5391, respectively. The main surgical techniques for correction of LCCM were alar repositioning (34.3% in total, 56% in LCCM patients) and lateral crural strut graft (43.8% in total, 69% in LCCM patients). LCCM is overdiagnosed via 2D photography, and this method lacks sensitivity. The overall frequency of LCCM seems to be lower than the previously reported frequency. For optimal results in rhinoplasty, surgeons must focus on the best contouring and function rather than solely correcting angles and rotations.
Hemiepiphysiodesis for the Correction of Distal Femoral Valgus in Growing Dogs
Authors: Vezzoni Luca , Forzisi Ida , Ferretti Antonio , Vezzoni Aldo
Published: November 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe hemiepiphysiodesis for the treatment of distal femoral valgus in immature dogs and to evaluate its effect on the anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA).

Methods Skeletally immature dogs with distal femoral valgus deformities that had undergone hemiepiphysiodesis between November 2012 and March 2020 at two private veterinary practices were included. Criteria for inclusion in the study were a preoperative aLDFA below the previously published reference range (94 ± 3.3 degrees) and radiographs of the femur taken preoperatively and at growth plate closure.

Results A total of 11 dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and a total of 17 limbs were treated. The mean aLDFA was 82.1 ± 3.2 degrees (range: 76–87 degrees) preoperatively and 93.1 ± 5 degrees (range: 76–99 degrees) at the final re-evaluation. The mean difference between the preoperative and final aLDFA was +11 degrees, which was significant. Undercorrection occurred in 2/17 cases, whereas overcorrection was not recorded. The implants were removed in 12/17 cases, and rebound growth occurred in 3 of these.

Clinical Significance Hemiepiphysiodesis for the treatment of distal femoral valgus is a technique that allows for increase in aLDFA and should be considered as an early treatment in affected immature dogs. Monitoring for possible overcorrection using serial radiography is important. Implant removal when the desired aLDFA has been achieved is recommended because the incidence of rebound growth is uncommon in dogs.
Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder with Diagnostic Dilemma: Case Report of a Rare Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Saini Swati , Garg Monika , Goyal Shaina , Chaudhary Anita
Published: November 2021

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma that was first described by Zukerberg in 1991 and confirmed as a type of urothelial carcinoma by the WHO classification of the urinary system tumors. A 63-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of gross hematuria for 2 months. Sections from transurethral resection of the bladder revealed urothelial carcinoma. A radical cystoprostatectomy was performed and a final histopathological examination revealed high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, lymphoepithelial variant. The patient has been receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with no recurrence reported to date. This is the third case reported in India to date to the best of our knowledge. Owing to its rare presentation, no definite treatment guidelines have been established for this entity. Various studies from the English literature suggest a conservative approach.
On the number of equilibria balancing Newtonian point masses with a central force
Authors: Arustamyan Nickolas , Cox Christopher , Lundberg Erik , Perry Sean , Rosen Zvi
Published: November 2021

We consider the critical points (equilibria) of a planar potential generated by n Newtonian point masses augmented with a quadratic term (such as arises from a centrifugal effect). Particular cases of this problem have been considered previously in studies of the circular-restricted n-body problem. We show that the number of equilibria is finite for a generic set of parameters, and we establish estimates for the number of equilibria. We prove that the number of equilibria is bounded below by n + 1, and we provide examples to show that this lower bound is sharp. We prove an upper bound on the number of equilibria that grows exponentially in n. In order to establish a lower bound on the maximum number of equilibria, we analyze a class of examples, referred to as “ring configurations,” consisting of n − 1 equal masses positioned at vertices of a regular polygon with an additional mass located at the center. Previous numerical observations indicate that these configurations can produce as many as 5n − 5 equilibria. We verify analytically that the ring configuration has at least 5n − 5 equilibria when the central mass is sufficiently small. We conjecture that the maximum number of equilibria grows linearly with the number of point masses. We also discuss some mathematical similarities to other equilibrium problems in mathematical physics, namely, Maxwell’s problem from electrostatics and the image counting problem from gravitational lensing.
Elastic three-dimensional metaframe for selective wave filtering and polarization control
Authors: De Ponti J. M. , Riva E. , Braghin F. , Ardito R.
Published: November 2021

We experimentally achieve selective wave filtering and polarization control in a three-dimensional elastic frame embedding local resonators. By connecting multi-resonating elements to a frame structure, a complete low-frequency, subwavelength bandgap with strong selective filtering properties is obtained. Theory and experiments demonstrate the metaframe capability to selectively stop transverse waves while allowing longitudinal wave propagation as in “fluid-like” elasticity. This peculiar behavior, together with the complete bandgap structure, may open opportunities in the context of wave control, envisaging concurrent applications for three-dimensional filters and elastic wave polarizers.
Origin of the Kink Effect in AlInN/GaN High Electron-Mobility Transistor
Authors: Khade Ramdas P. , Sarkar Sujan , DasGupta Amitava , DasGupta Nandita
Published: November 2021

Kink effect is observed in Al0.83In0.17N/GaN high electron mobility transistor by measuring ID-VDS characteristics at a low sweep rate. It is inferred that the kink is induced due to the trapping/detrapping of charge carriers at deep levels present in the GaN buffer in the gate–drain access region. The detrapping of charge carriers from the deep levels is by the hot-electron-assisted mechanism. Two types of traps with activation energies, 0.29 eV (donor-like) and 0.57 eV (acceptor-like) were extracted by temperature-dependent transient drain current analysis. It is concluded that the deep-acceptor-like trap with a large emission time constant is responsible for the kink effect.
Ion microfield in ultracold multiply ionized strongly coupled plasma
Authors: Bronin S. Ya. , Korchagin D. S. , Zelener B. B. , Zelener B. V.
Published: November 2021

We present the results of calculations of the ion microfield distribution function of a two-component fully ionized classical Coulomb plasma having ion charge numbers from two to three, performed by the molecular dynamics method. The model of ultracold plasma is used, where particles interact according to the Coulomb law without any restrictions at large or small distances. The calculations are carried out in a wide range of the strong coupling parameter. A comparison with the results of calculations for other plasma models is given. The results obtained can be used for any classical non-degenerate strongly coupled plasma.
Thermonuclear neutron emission from a sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinch
Authors: Mitrani James M. , Brown Joshua A. , Goldblum Bethany L. , Laplace Thibault A. , Claveau Elliot L. , Draper Zack T. , Forbes Eleanor G. , Golingo Ray P. , McLean Harry S. , Nelson Brian A. , Shumlak Uri , Stepanov Anton , Weber Tobin R. , Zhang Yue , Higginson Drew P.
Published: November 2021

The fusion Z-pinch experiment (FuZE) is a sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinch designed to study the effects of flow stabilization on deuterium plasmas with densities and temperatures high enough to drive nuclear fusion reactions. Results from FuZE show high pinch currents and neutron emission durations thousands of times longer than instability growth times. While these results are consistent with thermonuclear neutron emission, energetically resolved neutron measurements are a stronger constraint on the origin of the fusion production. This stems from the strong anisotropy in energy created in beam-target fusion, compared to the relatively isotropic emission in thermonuclear fusion. In dense Z-pinch plasmas, a potential and undesirable cause of beam-target fusion reactions is the presence of fast-growing, “sausage” instabilities. This work introduces a new method for characterizing beam instabilities by recording individual neutron interactions in plastic scintillator detectors positioned at two different angles around the device chamber. Histograms of the pulse-integral spectra from the two locations are compared using detailed Monte Carlo simulations. These models infer the deuteron beam energy based on differences in the measured neutron spectra at the two angles, thereby discriminating beam-target from thermonuclear production. An analysis of neutron emission profiles from FuZE precludes the presence of deuteron beams with energies greater than 4.65 keV with a statistical uncertainty of 4.15 keV and a systematic uncertainty of 0.53 keV. This analysis demonstrates that axial, beam-target fusion reactions are not the dominant source of neutron emission from FuZE. These data are promising for scaling FuZE up to fusion reactor conditions.
Shaping the illumination beams for STED imaging through highly scattering media
Authors: Tu Shi-Jie , Zhao Xin , Yue Qing-Yang , Cai Yang-Jian , Guo Cheng-Shan , Zhao Qian
Published: November 2021

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has been widely applied in single-cell and single-molecular studies benefiting from its ability of super-resolution imaging. However, it is challenging to perform STED imaging in highly scattering media, such as biological tissues, due to high scattering, which destroys the structured illumination beams. Here, we present a technique to produce the desired illumination beams beyond high scattering for STED microscopy. A dual-wavelength transmission matrix method is employed for shaping the excitation beam and the STED beam simultaneously, achieving the temporal and spatial overlap of the two beams behind a scattering medium. Experimentally, the overlapped foci were constructed by using a digital micromirror device (DMD). The extinction ratio of the STED focus reaches −23.8 dB, which compares favorably to the oft-quoted desirable value for STED applications. In particular, raster scanning of overlapped foci and the switching of the STED focus were demonstrated by adopting the fast switching ability of the DMD. Construction of the illumination beams beyond scattering will benefit STED microscopy in deep tissues.
On the bandwidth of stable nonlinear stripe patterns in finite size systems
Authors: Ruppert Mirko , Zimmermann Walter
Published: November 2021

Nonlinear stripe patterns occur in many different systems, from the small scales of biological cells to geological scales as cloud patterns. They all share the universal property of being stable at different wavenumbers q, i.e., they are multistable. The stable wavenumber range of the stripe patterns, which is limited by the Eckhaus- and zigzag instabilities even in finite systems for several boundary conditions, increases with decreasing system size. This enlargement comes about because suppressing degrees of freedom from the two instabilities goes along with the system reduction, and the enlargement depends on the boundary conditions, as we show analytically and numerically with the generic Swift–Hohenberg (SH) model and the universal Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation. We also describe how, in very small system sizes, any periodic pattern that emerges from the basic state is simultaneously stable in certain parameter ranges, which is especially important for the Turing pattern in cells. In addition, we explain why below a certain system width, stripe patterns behave quasi-one-dimensional in two-dimensional systems. Furthermore, we show with numerical simulations of the SH model in medium-sized rectangular domains how unstable stripe patterns evolve via the zigzag instability differently into stable patterns for different combinations of boundary conditions.
Connecting curve: A new tool for locating hidden attractors
Authors: Guan Xinqi , Xie Yong
Published: November 2021

Attractors in nonlinear dynamical systems can be categorized as self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. In contrast to self-excited attractors, which can be located by the standard numerical computational method, hidden attractors are hard to detect due to the fact that its basin of attraction is away from the proximity to equilibrium. In multistable systems, many attractors, including self-excited and hidden ones, co-exist, which makes locating each different oscillation more difficult. Hidden attractors are frequently connected to rare or abnormal oscillations in the system and often lead to unpredicted behaviors in many engineering applications, and, thus, the research in locating such attractors is considerably significant. Previous work has proposed several methods for locating hidden attractors but these methods all have their limitations. For example, one of the methods suggests that perpetual points are useful in locating hidden and co-existing attractors, while an in-depth examination suggests that they are insufficient in finding hidden attractors. In this study, we propose that the method of connecting curves, which is a collection of points of analytical inflection including both perpetual points and fixed points, is more reliable to search for hidden attractors. We analyze several dynamical systems using the connecting curve, and the results demonstrate that it can be used to locate hidden and co-existing oscillations.
Molecular point groups and symmetry in external magnetic fields
Authors: Pausch Ansgar , Gebele Melanie , Klopper Wim
Published: November 2021

As quantum-chemical calculations of molecules in static external magnetic fields are becoming increasingly popular, the description of molecular symmetry under such conditions is also becoming more and more relevant. Using group theory, a general scheme of identifying the molecular point group in an external magnetic field is constructed. For both point groups that are non-existent in the absence of a field (C∞ and C∞h) and their double groups, the character tables are presented. General properties of all possible point groups are discussed, and it is mathematically proven that they are all Abelian.
Polarization-controlled generation and superposition of surface plasmon polariton vortices with a plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Xiang Hong , Han Dezhuan
Published: November 2021

Optical vortex that carries orbital angular momentum has shown great potential in various applications, including high-density optical communication, quantum information, and manipulation of small particles. Here, an approach to design a plasmonic metasurface that can control both the generation and superposition of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) vortices is proposed and demonstrated. Under circularly polarized light incidence, the SPP vortices with different topological charges can be generated depending on the spin of the incidence, and the superposition state can be achieved when the polarization of incident light turns to linear polarization. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the superposition of SPP vortices can be accurately controlled by the polarization states of the incidence. This proposed approach is quite versatile for generating and controlling SPP vortices and provides a feasible way to design miniaturized photonic devices for on-chip optical micromanipulation, sensing, and other related applications.
Optical coupling enhancement of multi-color terahertz quantum well detector
Authors: Bai Xueqi , Bai Peng , Li Xiaohong , Huang Siheng , Lian Xinran , Song Wenjun , Shi Zhiwen , Shen Wenzhong , Zhang Yueheng
Published: November 2021

Multi-color terahertz (THz) detector has attracted much attention in various applications because of the ability to obtain more comprehensive information simultaneously. THz quantum well photodetectors (QWPs) have great advantages in realizing multi-color detection because of high speed, sensitivity, and mature technology. In this work, QWPs based on antenna coupled microcavity (AM-QWP) and etched antenna coupled microcavity (EAM-QWP) structures are proposed to realize multi-color THz detection. Thanks to the combination of the microcavity resonance and surface plasmon polariton mode, AM-QWP achieves a coupling efficiency of one order of magnitude higher than that of the conventional 45° edge facet coupler (45°-QWP) in multiple bands. The EAM-QWP only retains the active region where the effective photocurrent is generated so that the coupling light is highly localized in a small area, improving the optical coupling efficiency by two orders higher compared with 45°-QWP. It is theoretically estimated that the responsivity of AM-QWP and EAM-QWP at the temperature of 4 K is 9.6–24.0 A/W and 78.4–196.0 A/W while their noise equivalent power (NEP) is 5.4 × 10−4–1.1 × 10−3 pW/Hz1/2 and 1.7 × 10−5–3.5 × 10−5 pW/Hz1/2, and the specific detectivity is 4.4 × 1012–8.9 × 1012 and 6.9 × 1013–1.4 × 1014 cm Hz1/2/W, respectively. This work provides a guideline for the experimental realization of high-performance multi-color THz QWPs.
A thermodynamic probe of the topological phase transition in epitaxial graphene based Floquet topological insulator
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Benjamin Colin
Published: November 2021

One can use light to tune certain materials from a trivial to a topological phase. A prime example of such materials, classified as Floquet topological insulators (FTIs), is epitaxial graphene. In this paper, we probe the topological phase transition of a FTI via the efficiency and work output of quantum Otto and quantum Stirling heat engines. A maximum/minimum in the efficiency or work output invariably signals the phase transition point. Furthermore, both engines’ work output and efficiency are markedly robust against the polarization direction of light.
Ultrafast coherent excitation of an ytterbium ion with single laser pulses
Authors: Shimizu Kenji , Scarabel Jordan , Bridge Elizabeth , Connell Steven , Ghadimi Moji , Haylock Ben , Hussain Mahmood Irtiza , Streed Erik , Lobino Mirko
Published: November 2021

Experimental realizations of two qubit entangling gates with trapped ions typically rely on addressing spectroscopically resolved motional sidebands, limiting gate speed to the secular frequency. Fast entangling gates using ultrafast pulsed lasers overcome this speed limit. This approach is based on state-dependent photon recoil kicks from a sequence of counter-propagating, resonant, ultrafast pulse pairs, which can allow sub-microsecond gate speeds. Here, we demonstrate a key component of the ultrafast gate protocol, the coherent excitation of a 171Yb+ ion across the 2S1∕2-2P1∕2 transition with a single near-resonant short optical pulse at 369.53 nm. We achieve a maximum population transfer of 94(1)% using a picosecond pulsed laser that can be tuned across the 2S1∕2-2P1∕2 transition and 42.5(9)% with 190(7) GHz detuning.
Reinvestigating oxygen adsorption on Ag(111) by using strongly constrained and appropriately normed semi-local density functional with the revised Vydrov van Voorhis van der Waals force correction
Authors: Hinsch Jack J. , Liu Junxian , Wang Yun
Published: November 2021

While density functional theory (DFT) at the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) level has made great success in catalysis, it fails in some important systems such as the adsorption of the oxygen molecule on the Ag(111) surface. Previous DFT studies at the GGA level revealed theoretical inconsistencies on the adsorption energies and dissociation barriers of O2 on Ag(111) in comparison with the experimental conclusion. In this study, the strongly constrained and appropriately normed-revised Vydrov van Voorhis van der Waals correction functional (SCAN-rVV10) method at the meta-GGA level with the nonlocal van der Waals (vdW) force correction was used to reinvestigate the adsorption properties of O2 on the Ag(111) surface. The SCAN-rVV10 results successfully confirm the experimental observation that both molecular and dissociative adsorptions can exist for oxygen on Ag(111). The calculated adsorption energy for the physisorption state and the relevant dissociation energy barrier are close to the experimental data. It demonstrates that SCAN-rVV10 can outperform functionals at the GGA level for O2/Ag(111). Therefore, our findings suggest that SCAN-rVV10 can be the desired method for systems where the correct description of intermediate-ranged vdW forces is essential, such as the physisorption of small molecules on the solid surface.
Modulating optical properties and interfacial electron transfer of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals via indium ion and chlorine ion co-doping
Authors: Cao Jianfei , Yin Zuodong , Pang Qi , Lu Yuexi , Nong Xiuqing , Zhang Jin Zhong
Published: November 2021

In this work, we demonstrated an in situ approach for doping CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) with In3+ and Cl− with a ligand-assisted precipitation method at room temperature. The In3+ and Cl− co-doped NCs are characterized by the powder x-ray diffraction patterns, ultraviolet–visible, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, time-resolved PL (TRPL), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on PL and TRPL results, the non-radiative nature of In3+-doping induced localized impurity states is revealed. Furthermore, the impact of In3+ and Cl− doping on charge transfer (CT) from the NCs to molecular acceptors was investigated and the results indicate that the CT at the interface of NCs can be tuned and promoted by In3+ and Cl− co-doping. This enhanced CT is attributed to the enlarged energy difference between relevant states of the molecular acceptor and the NCs by In3+ and Cl− upon co-doping. This work provides insight into how to control interfacial CT in perovskite NCs, which is important for optoelectronic applications.
Ultra-compact micro-photoacoustic tomography for brain imaging in vivo
Authors: Deng Lijun , He Xingdao , Zhang Jian , Liu Guodong , Han Song , Lou Yimin , Zeng Lvming , Ji Xuanrong
Published: November 2021

In vivo wide-field brain microscopy has remained a non-trivial challenge in life science research, which would provide indispensable preclinical insight into the whole-brain metabolism and hemodynamic. Here, we developed an ultra-compact micro-photoacoustic tomography (μPAT) system for fast brain imaging equipped with a 10 MHz 256-element full-ring ultrasound transducer array and 100 MS/s/ch multi-channel parallel data acquisition. The system design and calibration are presented in detail, along with the 62 μm in-plane resolution comparable to the level of acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. The μPAT system provided the ability to noninvasively use high-resolution mapping of the microvascular network of the full-view brain at different depths, cerebral ischemia, and intracerebral foreign-body. Ultra-compact μPAT holds great potential to take the technology out of the lab for preclinical imaging and clinical translation.
Porous porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, structure, sorption properties and application prospects
Authors: Gorbunova Yu. G. , Enakieva Yu. Yu. , Volostnykh M. V. , Sinelshchikova A. A. , Abdulaeva I. A. , Birin K. P. , Tsivadze A. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The unique properties of porous metal-organic frameworks are responsible for the increasing research interest in the design and synthesis of this type of materials. A general strategy towards targeted design of metal-organic frameworks possessing desired properties is a choice of optimal linkers, which are usually represented by polytopic organic ligands. Porphyrins are promising building blocks for such frameworks due to their tunable physicochemical properties and wide possibilities of macrocycle modification. The achievements of the last decade in the development of synthetic approaches to porphyrin functionalization have promoted fast progress of tetrapyrrole chemistry as the basis of metal-organic frameworks. This review gives analysis of the current literature devoted to the synthesis of porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks and the prospects for their application in modern materials science.
 The bibliography includes 262 references.
The Refugee Co-Location Model may be useful in addressing refugee barriers to care. What do refugees think?
Authors: Au Michael , Preston Robyn , Ray Robin A. , Davis Meg
Published: November 2021

Co-location of services for refugees may be beneficial in addressing barriers to care. This model of care involves support for a specialist refugee nurse service with general practice, as well as developing partnerships with settlement support agencies and Primary Health Networks. We consider published literature on refugee perceptions of co-location, different models of care, upcoming research and priorities in the area.
Hexavalent sperm-binding IgG antibody released from vaginal film for development of potent on-demand nonhormonal female contraception
Authors: Shrestha Bhawana , Vincent Kathleen , Schaefer Alison , Zhu Yong , Vargas Gracie , Motamedi Massoud , Swope Kelsi , Morton Josh , Simpson Carrie , Pham Henry , Brennan Miles B. , Pauly Michael H. , Zeitlin Larry , Bratcher Barry , Whaley Kevin J. , Moench Thomas R. , Lai Samuel K.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended due to millions of women avoiding available hormonal contraceptive methods as a result of real and/or perceived side effects associated with the use of exogenous hormones. Topical vaginal delivery of antisperm monoclonal antibodies that could agglutinate sperm into clusters too large to penetrate mucus and prevent sperm from reaching the egg represents a potentially safe and potent mechanism for nonhormonal contraception. We report here the engineering of a vaginal film loaded with hexavalent (i.e., 6 Fab) antisperm IgG, made using GMP manufacturing processes, that possesses significantly superior agglutination potency than the parent IgG, enabling potent on-demand nonhormonal contraception via effectively agglutinating all human sperm within minutes.
BAP1 forms a trimer with HMGB1 and HDAC1 that modulates gene × environment interaction with asbestos
Authors: Novelli Flavia , Bononi Angela , Wang Qian , Bai Fang , Patergnani Simone , Kricek Franz , Haglund Ellinor , Suarez Joelle S. , Tanji Mika , Xu Ronghui , Takanishi Yasutaka , Minaai Michael , Pastorino Sandra , Morris Paul , Sakamoto Greg , Pass Harvey I. , Barbour Haithem , Gaudino Giovanni , Giorgi Carlotta , Pinton Paolo , Onuchic Jose N. , Yang Haining , Carbone Michele
Published: November 2021

Significance

Our findings explain mechanistically the observed gene × environment (G×E) interaction in mesotheliomas occurring in carriers of heterozygous germline
BAP1
mutations (
BAP1
+/−
) exposed to asbestos. The increased amount of acetylated HMGB1 can be measured in the serum and may prove useful as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker of mesothelioma in
BAP1
+/−
individuals. Inhibition of HMGB1 secretion in
Bap1
+/−
mutant mice exposed to asbestos significantly decreased the incidence of mesothelioma and prolonged the survival of those who developed mesothelioma. This strategy may be translated to carriers of germline
BAP1
mutations with the aim of decreasing their incidence of mesothelioma.
Amyloid β 42 fibril structure based on small-angle scattering
Authors: Lattanzi Veronica , André Ingemar , Gasser Urs , Dubackic Marija , Olsson Ulf , Linse Sara
Published: November 2021

Significance

Alzheimeŕs disease is one of the major global health challenges. Neuronal cell dysfunction and death are connected to the self-assembly of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ42) into oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates. The fibril surface can catalyze the formation of toxic oligomers via secondary nucleation. Access to a high-resolution structure of Aβ42 fibrils would provide a valuable basis for design of inhibitors of oligomer generation and toxicity in the form of fibril-binders and thus significantly contribute to the development of therapeutics against Alzheimer’s disease. A combination of methods may be most fruitful toward this aim. We show that small-angle X-ray scattering data, in combination with a solid-state NMR structure of the filament core, can reveal a detailed fibril model.
Insecure Institutions
Authors: Helmke Gretchen , Jeong Yeonkyung , Kim Jae-Eun C.
Published: November 2021

Most theories of judicial politics are built around explaining the puzzle of judicial independence. This article instead theorizes explicitly about the conditions under which politicians are prone to manipulate their courts. By positing that courts can partly endogenously shape leaders’ fate at the hands of legislative opponents, we argue that greater political insecurity leads presidents to gut judicial independence, not shore it up. Drawing on a novel data set of judicial crises across 18 Latin American countries following the third wave of democratization, we show that variation in judicial crises is systematically correlated with the president’s risk of nonelectoral instability as captured by the history of past presidential crises, presidential power, and antigovernmental protests. To identify whether the effects of protest on judicial manipulation are causal, we use an instrumental variable approach based on international commodity prices weighted for each country.
Lower Courts in Interbranch Conflict
Authors: Strayhorn Joshua A.
Published: November 2021

Do inferior courts play a meaningful role in interbranch disputes between the judicial and other branches? In interbranch conflicts involving the judiciary, lower courts move first and may shape the direction of conflict before high courts intervene directly. This paper explores how this organizational feature affects the judiciary’s ability and willingness to constrain other branches, developing a formal model of an interbranch dispute involving a hierarchical judicial branch. The model demonstrates multiple mechanisms through which lower court decisions may alter the outcomes of interbranch disputes and explores when lower courts will initiate conflict with the other branches.
Aesthetic Preferences and Policy Preferences as Determinants of US Supreme Court Writing Style
Authors: Budziak Jeffrey , Lempert Daniel
Published: November 2021

Recent literature on writing style in US Supreme Court opinions has focused on style as a means of furthering justices’ policy goals. In particular, an opinion’s clarity is proposed to make the implementation of the announced policy more likely. We give a formal argument that the observed distribution of opinion clarity is not easily reconcilable with justices who are striving to write clearly in service of policy implementation-related goals; this is true even if there are case-level costs that sometimes make writing clearly more difficult. We propose that justices having aesthetic preferences – essentially, stylistic preferences over opinion language that are unrelated to policy implementation – that they weight heavily could explain the observed distribution of opinion clarity. Our analysis of some 4,500 majority opinions 1955–2008 is largely consistent with our theoretical argument.
Search for variability in Newton’s constant using local gravitational acceleration measurements
Authors: Bhagvati Srinikitha , Desai Shantanu
Published: November 2021

In a recent work, Dai (2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 064059) searched for a variability in Newton’s constant G using the International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service based gravitational acceleration measurements. However, this analysis, obtained from χ
2 minimization, did not incorporate the errors in the gravitational acceleration measurements. We carry out a similar search with one major improvement, wherein we incorporate these aforementioned errors. To model any possible variation in the gravitational acceleration, we fit the data to four models: a constant value, two sinusoidal models, and finally, a linear model for the variation of gravitational acceleration. We find that none of the four models provides a good fit to the data, showing that there is no evidence for a periodicity or a linear temporal variation in the acceleration measurements. We then redid these analyses after accounting for an unknown intrinsic scatter. After this, we find that although a constant model is still favored over the sinusoidal models, the linear variation for G is marginally preferred over a constant value, using information theory-based methods.
Shortcut-to-adiabaticity quantum tripartite Otto cycle
Authors: Li Lunan , Li Hai , Yu Wenli , Hao Yaming , Li Lei , Zou Jian
Published: November 2021

For an Otto cycle there always exists a trade-off between the cycle efficiency and the output power due to the requirement of cycle length. The shortcut to adiabatic (STA) technology provides an effective way to deal with the difficulty of zero-output power in conventional Otto cycle. In this paper, the Otto cycle of three-qubit system as the working substance with counterdiabatic driving has been investigated. It is demonstrated that the tripartite Otto cycle as a universal machine, in the suitable regimes of external control parameter, could work as a quantum heat engine (QHE), refrigerator or heat pump. And, the performances of QHE and refrigerator with and without STA, such as the power and efficiency of QHE and the coefficient of performance (COP) and figure of merit (FOM) of refrigerator, have been investigated. It shows the application of STA scheme can lead to an effective enhancement in the performances of Otto cycle, including achievements of a high QHE’s/refrigerator’s power associated with a moderate QHE’s efficiency/COP of refrigerator. Especially, it is interesting that even in a short-time cycle the optimization of control parameters could arise a remarkable improvement in the efficiency (or COP) of STA QHE (refrigerator), approaching the ideal efficiency or COP of conventional Otto cycle with quasi-static process. Finally, with the aid of parameter optimization the trade-off regions between the efficiency and the power (the COP and the FOM) of STA Otto engine (refrigerator) have been advised.
Elastic scattering of slow electrons by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Amusia M Ya , Baltenkov A S
Published: November 2021

In this paper we calculate the cross sections for elastic scattering of slow electrons by carbon nanotubes. The corresponding electron–nanotube interaction is substituted by a zero-thickness cylindrical potential that neglects the atomic structure of real nanotubes, thus limiting the range of applicability of our approach to sufficiently low incoming electron energies. The strength of the potential is chosen to be the same as was used in describing the scattering of electrons by fullerene C60. We present results for total and partial electron scattering cross sections as well as their respective angular distributions, all with account of the five lowest angular momenta contributions. In the calculations we assumed that the incoming electron moves perpendicular to the nanotube axis, since an incoming electron along the axis moves freely.
Design of all-dielectric ultra-wideband transparent water-based absorber
Authors: Lu Yi , Chen Juan , Li Jianxing
Published: November 2021

In this paper, an all-dielectric water-based transparent absorber is proposed. It is composed of transparent resin material filled with water, thus achieving the characteristics of being all-dielectric and transparent. The simulation results show that the proposed absorber can achieve absorptivity of more than 90% in the frequency band of 7.28–28.22 GHz, and has good thermal stability and oblique incidence angular stability. The thickness of the absorber is only 6.5 mm, corresponding to 0.16λ
max∼0.61λ
min. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves that the water-based absorber has good performance. It can be applied in the field of electromagnetic (EM) stealth, EM energy harvesting and EM shielding.
Cluster decay half-lives in trans-tin and transition metal region using RMF theory
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Shukla A , Gaidarov M K
Published: November 2021

In the present work, we have studied the alpha-like clusters (8Be, 12C, 16O, 20Ne, and 24Mg) decay half-lives in the trans-tin region for (106–116Xe, 108–120Ba, 114–126Ce, and 118–128Nd) and in transition metal region for (156–166Hf, 158–172W, 160–174Os, 166–180Pt, and 170–182Hg) nuclei. These half-lives have been calculated using the shape parametrization model of cluster decay in conjunction with the axially deformed relativistic mean-field model with the NL3* parameter set. They are also compared with the half-lives computed using the latest empirical relations, namely universal decay law and the scaling law was given by Horoi et al. It has been observed that in the trans-tin region the minimum cluster decay half-lives are found at nearly doubly magic or doubly magic daughter 100Sn nucleus (N
d = 50, N
d is the neutron number of the daughter nucleus) and in transition metal region at N
d = 82, which is a magic number. The Geiger–Nuttal plots of half-lives showing Q dependence for different alpha-like clusters from various cluster radioactive emitters are found to vary linearly.
Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction determined from spin wave nonreciprocity and magnetic bubble asymmetry in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets
Authors: Koplak Oksana , Bezverkhnii Alexander , Sadovnikov Alexandr , Morgunov Roman , Hehn Michel , Bello Jean-Loïs , Fache Thibaud , Mangin Stephane
Published: November 2021

We present analysis of the effect of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) on spin wave nonreciprocity and bubble expansion asymmetry in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We propose analysis of the DMI by Brillouin light scattering technique (BLS) and Kerr microscopy (MOKE) in the presence of interlayer exchange coupling strongly changing spin wave dispersion law and field dependences of domain wall velocity in comparison with those observed earlier in Ir/Co/Pt structures with a single Co layer. We have determined DMI values of each Co layer from unusually inverted dependence of velocity of the domain wall on in-plane magnetic field. Opposite signs of effective fields and DMI fields in the two Co layers invert field dependence of the domain wall velocity. DMI energy determined from BLS is higher than values, determined by bubble expansion.