bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The high osmotic response and cell wall integrity pathways cooperate to regulate morphology, microsclerotia development, and virulence in Metarhizium rileyi
Authors: Song Zhangyong , Zhong Qiang , Yin Youping , Shen Ling , Li Yan , Wang Zhongkang
Published: December 2016

Microsclerotia (MS) formation was successfully induced in Metarhizium rileyi under changing liquid culture conditions. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in fungal development and in coordinating many stress responses. To investigate how M. rileyi transduces growth stress and regulates MS differentiation, we characterized the roles of two MAPKs, Hog1- and Slt2-type orthologues, in M. rileyi. Compared with the wild-type strain, the deletion mutants of Mrhog1 (ΔMrhog1) and Mrslt2 (ΔMrslt2) delayed germination and vegetative growth, displayed sensitivities to various stress, and produced morphologically abnormal clones. The ΔMrhog1 and ΔMrslt2 mutants significantly reduced conidial (42–99%) and MS (96–99%) yields. A transcriptional analysis showed that the two MAPKs regulate MS development in a cooperative manner. Insect bioassays revealed that ΔMrhog1 and ΔMrslt2 had decreased virulence levels in topical (36–56%) and injection (78–93%) bioassays. Our results confirmed the roles of MrHog1 and MrSlt2 in sensing growth-related stress and in regulating MS differentiation.
Potentiation of Amitriptyline Anti-Hyperalgesic-Like Action By Astroglial Connexin 43 Inhibition in Neuropathic Rats
Authors: Jeanson Tiffany , Duchêne Adeline , Richard Damien , Bourgoin Sylvie , Picoli Christèle , Ezan Pascal , Mouthon Franck , Giaume Christian , Hamon Michel , Charvériat Mathieu
Published: December 2016

Antidepressants, prescribed as first line treatment of neuropathic pain, have a limited efficacy and poorly tolerated side effects. Because recent studies pointed out the implication of astroglial connexins (Cx) in both neuropathic pain and antidepressive treatment, we investigated whether their blockade by mefloquine could modulate the action of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. Using primary cultures, we found that both mefloquine and amitriptyline inhibited Cx43-containing gap junctions, and that the drug combination acted synergically. We then investigated whether mefloquine could enhance amitriptyline efficacy in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain. Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent chronic unilateral constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve (SN) were treated with either amitriptyline, mefloquine or the combination of both drugs. Whereas acute treatments were ineffective, chronic administration of amitriptyline reduced CCI-SN-induced hyperalgesia-like behavior, and this effect was markedly enhanced by co-administration of mefloquine, which was inactive on its own. No pharmacokinetic interactions between both drugs were observed and CCI-SN-induced neuroinflammatory and glial activation markers remained unaffected by these treatments in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.Mechanisms downstream of CCI-SN-induced neuroinflammation and glial activation might therefore be targeted. Connexin inhibition in astroglia could represent a promising approach towards improving neuropathic pain therapy by antidepressants.
A Novel Method for Estimating Myocardial Strain: Assessment of Deformation Tracking Against Reference Magnetic Resonance Methods in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Mangion Kenneth , Gao Hao , McComb Christie , Carrick David , Clerfond Guillaume , Zhong Xiaodong , Luo Xiaoyu , Haig Caroline E. , Berry Colin
Published: December 2016

We developed a novel method for tracking myocardial deformation using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine imaging. We hypothesised that circumferential strain using deformation-tracking has comparable diagnostic performance to a validated method (Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes- DENSE) and potentially diagnostically superior to an established cine-strain method (feature-tracking). 81 healthy adults (44.6 ± 17.7 years old, 47% male), without any history of cardiovascular disease, underwent CMR at 1.5 T including cine, DENSE, and late gadolinium enhancement in subjects >45 years. Acquisitions were divided into 6 segments, and global and segmental peak circumferential strain were derived and analysed by age and sex. Peak circumferential strain differed between the 3 groups (DENSE: −19.4 ± 4.8%; deformation-tracking: −16.8 ± 2.4%; feature-tracking: −28.7 ± 4.8%) (ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc, F-value 279.93, p < 0.01). DENSE and deformation-tracking had better reproducibility than feature-tracking. Intra-class correlation co-efficient was >0.90. Larger magnitudes of strain were detected in women using deformation-tracking and DENSE, but not feature-tracking. Compared with a reference method (DENSE), deformation-tracking using cine imaging has similar diagnostic performance for circumferential strain assessment in healthy individuals. Deformation-tracking could potentially obviate the need for bespoke strain sequences, reducing scanning time and is more reproducible than feature-tracking.
NKp30+ NK cells are associated with HBV control during pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b therapy of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Shen Xiaokun , Fu Binqing , Liu Yanyan , Guo Chuang , Ye Ying , Sun Rui , Li Jiabin , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming
Published: December 2016

A pressing need exists for improved therapeutic options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Pegylated-interferon-alpha (Peg-IFN-α) achieves sustained off-treatment responses in many cases because of its direct anti-viral effects and regulation of the immune response. However, non-responsiveness to Peg-IFN-α is frequent, and the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we found that the frequency and absolute number of NKp30+ natural killer (NK) cells increased markedly, accompanied by enhanced CD107a and IFN-γ production, during Peg-IFN-α-2b monotherapy or combination therapy with adefovir dipivoxil in patients with CHB, especially in responders. The responders and non-responders differed in the frequency of polyfunctional IFN-γ+ CD107+ NK cells. In addition, the increase in NKp30+ NK cells was negatively correlated with the HBV viral load and plasma HBeAg. Moreover, it was found that IL-15 may contribute to the up-regulation of NKp30 on the NK cells, and this up-regulation was not induced in vitro by Peg-IFN-α-2b alone. However, in the non-responders, these NKp30+ NK cells were dysfunctional because of increased NKG2A expression, which partly explains the inactivation of NKp30+ NK cells and the reduced capacity of these cells to produce antiviral cytokines. These findings may provide a new mechanism to explain the variable efficacy of Peg-IFN-α-2b therapy.
Nutrient availability shapes the microbial community structure in sugarcane bagasse compost-derived consortia
Authors: Mello Bruno L. , Alessi Anna M. , McQueen-Mason Simon , Bruce Neil C. , Polikarpov Igor
Published: December 2016

Microbial communities (MCs) create complex metabolic networks in natural habitats and respond to environmental changes by shifts in the community structure. Although members of MCs are often not amenable for cultivation in pure culture, it is possible to obtain a greater diversity of species in the laboratory setting when microorganisms are grown as mixed cultures. In order to mimic the environmental conditions, an appropriate growth medium must be applied. Here, we examined the hypothesis that a greater diversity of microorganisms can be sustained under nutrient-limited conditions. Using a 16 S rRNA amplicon metagenomic approach, we explored the structure of a compost-derived MC. During a five-week time course the MC grown in minimal medium with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a sole carbon source showed greater diversity and enrichment in lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms. In contrast, a MC grown in nutrient rich medium with addition of SCB had a lower microbial diversity and limited number of lignocellulolytic species. Our approach provides evidence that factors such as nutrient availability has a significant selective pressure on the biodiversity of microorganisms in MCs. Consequently, nutrient-limited medium may displace bacterial generalist species, leading to an enriched source for mining novel enzymes for biotechnology applications.
Extreme ultraviolet resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at a seeded free-electron laser
Authors: Dell’Angela M. , Hieke F. , Malvestuto M. , Sturari L. , Bajt S. , Kozhevnikov I. V. , Ratanapreechachai J. , Caretta A. , Casarin B. , Glerean F. , Kalashnikova A. M. , Pisarev R. V. , Chuang Y.-D. , Manzoni G. , Cilento F. , Mincigrucci R. , Simoncig A. , Principi E. , Masciovecchio C. , Raimondi L. , Mahne N. , Svetina C. , Zangrando M. , Passuello R. , Gaio G. , Prica M. , Scarcia M. , Kourousias G. , Borghes R. , Giannessi L. , Wurth W. , Parmigiani F.
Published: December 2016

In the past few years, we have been witnessing an increased interest for studying materials properties under non-equilibrium conditions. Several well established spectroscopies for experiments in the energy domain have been successfully adapted to the time domain with sub-picosecond time resolution. Here we show the realization of high resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with a stable ultrashort X-ray source such as an externally seeded free electron laser (FEL). We have designed and constructed a RIXS experimental endstation that allowed us to successfully measure the d-d excitations in KCoF3 single crystals at the cobalt M2,3-edge at FERMI FEL (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy). The FEL-RIXS spectra show an excellent agreement with the ones obtained from the same samples at the MERIXS endstation of the MERLIN beamline at the Advanced Light Source storage ring (Berkeley, USA). We established experimental protocols for performing time resolved RIXS experiments at a FEL source to avoid X ray-induced sample damage, while retaining comparable acquisition time to the synchrotron based measurements. Finally, we measured and modelled the influence of the FEL mixed electromagnetic modes, also present in externally seeded FELs, and the beam transport with ~120 meV experimental resolution achieved in the presented RIXS setup.
High fidelity visualization of cell-to-cell variation and temporal dynamics in nascent extracellular matrix formation
Authors: McLeod Claire M. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: December 2016

Extracellular matrix dynamics are key to tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, injury, and repair. The spatiotemporal organization of this matrix has profound biological implications, but is challenging to monitor using standard techniques. Here, we address these challenges by using noncanonical amino acid tagging to fluorescently label extracellular matrix synthesized in the presence of bio-orthogonal methionine analogs. This strategy labels matrix proteins with high resolution, without compromising their distribution or mechanical function. We demonstrate that the organization and temporal dynamics of the proteinaceous matrix depend on the biophysical features of the microenvironment, including the biomaterial scaffold and the niche constructed by cells themselves. Pulse labeling experiments reveal that, in immature constructs, nascent matrix is highly fibrous and interdigitates with pre-existing matrix, while in more developed constructs, nascent matrix lacks fibrous organization and is retained in the immediate pericellular space. Inhibition of collagen crosslinking increases matrix synthesis, but compromises matrix organization. Finally, these data demonstrate marked cell-to-cell heterogeneity amongst both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis. Collectively, these results introduce fluorescent noncanonical amino acid tagging as a strategy to investigate spatiotemporal matrix organization, and demonstrate its ability to identify differences in phenotype, microenvironment, and matrix assembly at the single cell level.
Tunable optical analog to electromagnetically induced transparency in graphene-ring resonators system
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Xue Chenyang , Zhang Zengxing , Zheng Hua , Zhang Wendong , Yan Shubin
Published: December 2016

The analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in optical ways has shown great potential in optical delay and quantum-information technology due to its flexible design and easy implementation. The chief drawback for these devices is the bad tunability. Here we demonstrate a tunable optical transparency system formed by graphene-silicon microrings which could control the transparent window by electro-optical means. The device consists of cascaded coupled ring resonators and a graphene/graphene capacitor which integrated on one of the rings. By tuning the Fermi level of the graphene sheets, we can modulate the round-trip ring loss so that the transparency window can be dynamically tuned. The results provide a new method for the manipulation and transmission of light in highly integrated optical circuits and quantum information storage devices.
Transcriptomic insights into the allelopathic effects of the garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide on tomato roots
Authors: Cheng Fang , Cheng Zhi-Hui , Meng Huan-Wen
Published: December 2016

Garlic is an allelopathic crop that can alleviate the obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetable crops. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the most important allelochemicals in garlic, promotes tomato root growth. Therefore, the global transcriptome profiles of DADS-treated tomato roots over time were investigated to reveal the potential growth-promoting mechanisms. We detected 1828, 1296 and 1190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 4, 24 and 48 h samples, respectively. Most DEGs involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated after short-term (4 h) DADS treatment. In addition, increased activity of defensive enzymes and up-regulation of six peroxidase genes were observed, suggesting that DADS could induce tomato resistance. In plant-pathogen interactions, DEGs related to calcium signaling were primarily inhibited, while those encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were primarily up-regulated. Although plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction were both significantly affected by DADS, the expression trends of the genes in these two pathways were conflicting. This research provides comprehensive information concerning the changes in the tomato root transcriptome affected by DADS and may help direct further studies on DADS-responsive genes to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DADS alleviates the obstacles to continuous cropping.
Clinical Predictors of Neurological Outcome within 72 h after Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Qiu Zhi , Wang Fangyong , Hong Yi , Zhang Junwei , Tang Hehu , Li Xiang , Jiang Shudong , Lv Zhen , Liu Shujia , Chen Shizheng , Liu Jiesheng
Published: December 2016

To investigate the prognostic values of clinical factors 72 h within traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI). Data were extracted from the medical materials of 57 TCSCI cases. AIS was used as the outcome measure and divided into dichotomous variables by two methods, i.e. “complete(AIS = A)/incomplete(AIS ≠ A) SCI” and “motor complete(AIS = A or B)/incomplete(AIS ≠ A and B) SCI”. Relationships between evaluated factors and outcomes were investigated by univariate and multivariate methods. MRI Cord transection (MCT) cases, most significantly related to complete SCIs by univariate analysis (P = 0.006), all showed complete SCIs when discharged, which makes it unsuitable for logistic regression. With MCT cases removed, univariate analysis was conducted again, then logistic regression. At last, only C5 spine injury (P = 0.024, OR = 0.241) was related to complete SCI. Cases with compression flexion injury mechanism (CFIM), most significantly related to motor complete SCIs by univariate analysis (P = 0.001), was also unsuitable for logistic regression for the same reason. At last, C3 spine injury (P = 0.033, OR = 0.068) and high energy injury (P = 0.033, OR = 14.763) were related to motor complete SCIs with CFIM cases removed. The results show that MCT and C5 spine injury are good predictors for complete/incomplete SCIs. CFIM, C3 spine injury and high energy injury are good predictors for motor complete/incomplete SCIs.
Generation of radially-polarized terahertz pulses for coupling into coaxial waveguides
Authors: Navarro-Cía Miguel , Wu Jiang , Liu Huiyun , Mitrofanov Oleg
Published: December 2016

Coaxial waveguides exhibit no dispersion and therefore can serve as an ideal channel for transmission of broadband THz pulses. Implementation of THz coaxial waveguide systems however requires THz beams with radially-polarized distribution. We demonstrate the launching of THz pulses into coaxial waveguides using the effect of THz pulse generation at semiconductor surfaces. We find that the radial transient photo-currents produced upon optical excitation of the surface at normal incidence radiate a THz pulse with the field distribution matching the mode of the coaxial waveguide. In this simple scheme, the optical excitation beam diameter controls the spatial profile of the generated radially-polarized THz pulse and allows us to achieve efficient coupling into the TEM waveguide mode in a hollow coaxial THz waveguide. The TEM quasi-single mode THz waveguide excitation and non-dispersive propagation of a short THz pulse is verified experimentally by time-resolved near-field mapping of the THz field at the waveguide output.
Association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and pancreatic cancer risk: Evidence from epidemiologic studies
Authors: Huang Xiaoyi , Gao Yisha , Zhi Xiaosong , Ta Na , Jiang Hui , Zheng Jianming
Published: December 2016

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. The association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer occurrence remains controversial, and therefore it is necessary to make a meta-analysis to clarify the association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and pancreatic cancer risk. In the present study, PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify qualified studies. The association between dietary vitamin A, retinol and carotenoids was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). It was found that there was an inverse correlation between vitamin A, beta-carotene and lycopene intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer (for vitamin A, pooled OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.74–0.97, P = 0.015; for beta-carotene, pooled OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.92, P = 0.003; for lycopene, pooled OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.73–0.97, P = 0.020), which was more prominent in case-control study subgroup. In conclusion, dietary vitamin A, beta-carotene and lycopene might inversely correlate with pancreatic cancer.
Effects of iron and boron combinations on the suppression of Fusarium wilt in banana
Authors: Dong Xian , Wang Min , Ling Ning , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei
Published: December 2016

The effects of mineral nutrient on banana wilt disease, which are the result of a competitive relationship between host plants and pathogens, can affect the interactions of plants with microorganisms. To investigate the mineral nutrient effect, hydroponic experiments were conducted in glasshouse containing combinations of low, medium, and high iron (Fe) and boron (B) concentrations, followed by pathogen inoculation. High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth. With increasing Fe and B concentrations, more Fe and B accumulated in plants. High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments, contributing to decreased numbers of the pathogen on infected plants. Furthermore, High Fe and B treatment decreased the fusaric acid production of F. oxysporum in vitro and also increased the mannitol content of the plants, which in turn decreased the phytotoxin production of infected plants and finally reduced the disease index due to the virulence factor of phytotoxin. Taken together, these results indicate that Fe and B play a multifunctional role in reducing the severity of diseases by affecting the growth of F. oxysporum and the responses between plants and pathogens.
Antimicrobial mechanism of theaflavins: They target 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, the key enzyme of the MEP terpenoid biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Hui Xian , Yue Qiao , Zhang Dan-Dan , Li Heng , Yang Shao-Qing , Gao Wen-Yun
Published: December 2016

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is the first committed enzyme in the 2-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) terpenoid biosynthetic pathway and is also a validated antimicrobial target. Theaflavins, which are polyphenolic compounds isolated from fermented tea, possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, especially an antibacterial effect, but little has been reported on their modes of antimicrobial action. To uncover the antibacterial mechanism of theaflavins and to seek new DXR inhibitors from natural sources, the DXR inhibitory activity of theaflavins were investigated in this study. The results show that all four theaflavin compounds could specifically suppress the activity of DXR, with theaflavin displaying the lowest effect against DXR (IC50 162.1 μM) and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate exhibiting the highest (IC50 14.9 μM). Moreover, determination of inhibition kinetics of the theaflavins demonstrates that they are non-competitive inhibitors of DXR against 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) and un-competitive inhibitors with respect to NADPH. The possible interactions between DXR and the theaflavins were simulated via docking experiments.
Fully transparent flexible tin-doped zinc oxide thin film transistors fabricated on plastic substrate
Authors: Han Dedong , Zhang Yi , Cong Yingying , Yu Wen , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: December 2016

In this work, we have successfully fabricated bottom gate fully transparent tin-doped zinc oxide thin film transistors (TZO TFTs) fabricated on flexible plastic substrate at low temperature by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of O2/Ar gas flow ratio during channel deposition on the electrical properties of TZO TFTs was investigated, and we found that the O2/Ar gas flow ratio have a great influence on the electrical properties. TZO TFTs on flexible substrate has very nice electrical characteristics with a low off-state current (Ioff) of 3 pA, a high on/off current ratio of 2 × 107, a high saturation mobility (μsat) of 66.7 cm2/V•s, a steep subthreshold slope (SS) of 333 mV/decade and a threshold voltage (Vth) of 1.2 V. Root-Mean-Square (RMS) roughness of TZO thin film is about 0.52 nm. The transmittance of TZO thin film is about 98%. These results highlight that the excellent device performance can be realized in TZO film and TZO TFT can be a promising candidate for flexible displays.
Sulfur Geochemistry of a Lacustrine Record from Taiwan Reveals Enhanced Marine Aerosol Input during the Early Holocene
Authors: Ding Xiaodong , Li Dawei , Zheng Liwei , Bao Hongyan , Chen Huei-Fen , Kao Shuh-Ji
Published: December 2016

Lacustrine record of marine aerosol input has rarely been documented. Here, we present the sulfur geochemistry during the last deglaciation and early Holocene of a sediment core retrieved from the Dongyuan Lake in southern Taiwan. An unusually high sulfur peak accompanying pyrite presence is observed at 10.5 ka BP. Such high sulfur content in lacustrine record is unusual. The δ34S of sulfur varied from +9.5 to + 17.1‰ with two significant positive shifts at 10.5 and 9.4 ka BP. The sources of sulfur and potential processes involving the sulfur isotope variation including bacterial sulfate reduction, volcanic emissions, in-catchment sulfide oxidation and marine aerosol input are discussed. Enhanced marine aerosol input is the most likely explanation for such sulfur peaks and δ34S shifts. The positive δ34S shifts appeared concurrently with the maximum landslide events over Taiwan resulted from enhanced typhoon activities. The synchronicity among records suggests that increased typhoon activities promoted sea spray, and consequently enhanced the marine aerosol input with34S-enriched sulfate. Our sulfur geochemistry data revealed sea spray history and marine influence onto terrestrial environment at coastal regions. Wider coverage of spatial-temporal lacustrine sulfur geochemistry record is needed to validate the applicability of sulfur proxy in paleoenvironmental research.
Surface modification and endothelialization of polyurethane for vascular tissue engineering applications: a review
Authors: Adipurnama Iman , Yang Ming-Chien , Ciach Tomasz , Butruk-Raszeja Beata
Published: December 2016

This review summarizes the surface modification and endothelialization of polyurethane for vascular tissue engineering applications, including recent developments and strategies.
Dioxygen bound cobalt corroles
Authors: Mittra Kaustuv , Mondal Biswajit , Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev , Dey Abhishek
Published: December 2016

Two cobalt–dioxygen adducts, [CoH8]–O2 and [CoCl8]–O2, chelated by electron-rich and electron-poor corroles, respectively, were isolated in solution and characterized by resonance Raman.
Spectroscopic evidence for origins of size and support effects on selectivity of Cu nanoparticle dehydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Witzke M. E. , Dietrich P. J. , Ibrahim M. Y. S. , Al-Bardan K. , Triezenberg M. D. , Flaherty D. W.
Published: December 2016

Spectroscopic and selectivity measurements identify Cuδ+ atoms at the cluster-support interface as active sites for esterification of ethanol and acetaldehyde.
Efficacious fluorescence turn-on probe for high-contrast imaging of human cells overexpressing quinone reductase activity
Authors: Best Quinn A. , Prasai Bijeta , Rouillere Alexandra , Johnson Amanda E. , McCarley Robin L.
Published: December 2016

A turn-on substrate probe is activated by an oxidoreductase, offering fluorescence images of cancer cells with unprecedented positive signal-to-negative background ratios.
A robust and efficient catalyst of CdxZn1−xSe motivated by CoP for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Zhu Qiaohong , Xing Mingyang , Zhang Jinlong
Published: December 2016

CdxZn1−xSe/CoP composites have a high efficiency of 45.1 mmol h−1 g−1 and a high quantum yield of 11.8% at ∼520 nm.
High oxidation state bromocarbyne complexes
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Kong Richard Y.
Published: December 2016

Bromination of the carbyne complexes [W(CR)Br(CO)2(dcpe)] (R = Ph, SiPh3; dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) provides high oxidation state derivatives [W(CPh)Br3(dcpe)] and [W(CBr)Br3(dcpe)], the latter via an unprecedented bromodesilylation process.
Reversible control of solubility using functionalized nanoparticles
Authors: Kulkarni Samir A. , Myerson Allan S.
Published: December 2016

The paper provides a novel method for the reversible control of solubility by use of functionalized nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are functionalized with functional groups that can act as a co-solvent or anti-solvent and thus can induce either dissolution or crystallization.
Oxidation, defunctionalization and catalyst life cycle of carbon nanotubes: a Raman spectroscopy view
Authors: Chernyak Sergei A. , Ivanov Anton S. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Egorov Alexander V. , Shen Zexiang , Savilov Serguei S. , Lunin Valery V.
Published: December 2016

This work contains a comprehensive Raman study of CNTs from functionalization to catalytic reaction.
Modeling the abnormally slow infiltration rate in mesoporous films
Authors: Berli Claudio L. A. , Mercuri Magalí , Bellino Martín G.
Published: December 2016

The rate of infiltration of fluids into bimodal porous systems was modeled to decrease as the ratio of the pore size to pore neck size was increased.
Broadband reflection in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal films with stepwise photo-polymerization
Authors: Duan Man-yu , Cao Hui , Wu Yong , Li Er-li , Wang Hui-hui , Wang Dong , Yang Zhou , He Wan-li , Yang Huai
Published: December 2016

In this study, we demonstrate a novel method for fabricating polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) films with non-uniform pitch distribution by utilizing two kinds of photo-induced processes.
Photoinduced δ electron transfer in phenylene bridged Mo2 dimers
Authors: Cheng Tao , Xiao Xuan , Zhang Lei , Liu Chun Y. , Wang Li-Li , Meng Miao , Zhao Fang , Wang Hui , Ji Liang-Nian
Published: December 2016

Femtosecond transient spectroscopic study of [Mo2]–ph–[Mo2] complexes showed that the electron transfer of Mo2(δ*) → Mo2(δ) is faster than that of ph(π*) → Mo2(δ).
Synthesis and characterization of asymmetrical gemini surfactants
Authors: Muslim Aula Al , Ayyash Dana , Gujral Sarbjeet Singh , Mekhail George M. , Rao Praveen P. N. , Wettig Shawn D.
Published: December 2016

The effect of variation in the length of surfactant hydrocarbon tail groups was tested in a series of dissymmetric gemini surfactants.
Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of iridium(iii) complexes with 2′,6′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,4′-bipyridine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole/1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative ligands
Authors: Jing Yi-Ming , Zhao Yue , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: December 2016

Highly efficient OLEDs based on green and orange iridium(iii) complexes based on 2′,6′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,4′-bipyridine and 2-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol show peak current efficiencies of 74.8 and 41.0 cd A−1, respectively, with low efficiency roll-off.
The influence of halides in polyoxotitanate cages; dipole moment, splitting and expansion of d-orbitals and electron–electron repulsion
Authors: Hanf Schirin , Matthews Peter D. , Li Ning , Luo He-Kuan , Wright Dominic S.
Published: December 2016

The influence of halides on the electronic structures of polyoxotitanate cages is explored in this experimental and theoretical study. Dipole moment, crystal-field splitting, Nephelauxetic influence of the halide and electron–electron repulsion all play a role.
Anomalous dispersion X-ray diffraction study of Pb/Bi ordering/disordering states in PbTiO3-based perovskite oxides
Authors: Lin Kun , Wang Na , You Li , Li Qiang , Kato Kenichi , Chen Jun , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: December 2016

We give strong evidence that Pb2+/Bi3+ tend to be disordered in perovskite structures, which is attributed to similar electron configurations and comparable coordinate environments.
Microporous rod metal–organic frameworks with diverse Zn/Cd–triazolate ribbons as secondary building units for CO2 uptake and selective adsorption of hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wei , Hu Man-Cheng , Li Shu-Ni , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Zhai Quan-Guo
Published: December 2016

Three rod MOFs exhibiting remarkable CO2 uptake and high CO2 and C2-hydrocarbons over CH4 selectivity, as well as high isosteric heat of adsorption for C2H2.
Toward a benign strategy for the manufacturing of betulinic acid
Authors: Ressmann Anna K. , Kremsmayr Thomas , Gaertner Peter , Zirbs Ronald , Bica Katharina
Published: December 2016

We report a novel and efficient strategy for the preparation of the high-value triterpenoid betulinic acid based on extraction and streamlined oxidation of betulin from the industrial by-product birch bark.
Highly stable Au/Pd@mesoporous SiO2 yolk–shell hetero-nanostructures for plasmon-enhanced visible light driven catalytic reactions
Authors: Mu Yajing , Zhang Haiyan , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2016

Au/Pd heterojunction@mesoporous SiO2 yolk–shell NPs exhibit extremely high stability for the plasmon-enhanced catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol under visible light irradiation.
Enzymatic incorporation and utilization of an emissive 6-azauridine
Authors: Hopkins Patrycja A. , McCoy Lisa S. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: December 2016

Conjugating a thiophene ring at position 5 of 6-azaUTP confers favorable photophysical features and overcomes limitations associated with the enzymatic incorporation of the parent nucleotide.
Degradation of radiation grafted hydroxide anion exchange membrane immersed in neutral pH: removal of vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium hydroxide due to oxidation
Authors: Espiritu Richard , Golding Bernard T. , Scott Keith , Mamlouk Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Degradation tests in deionised water of radiation grafted anion exchange membranes for fuel cell/electrolyser operation showed loss of vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium groups.
Graphene hydrogel-based counter electrode for high efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Hua , Yang Cheng , Du Zhonglin , Pan Dengyu , Zhong Xinhua
Published: December 2016

Hydrothermally fabricated GH and its hybrid incorporated with CuS have been exploited as CEs for CdSeTe QDSCs. High efficiencies of 9.85 and 10.71% were obtained, respectively. The addition of CuS effectively improved the efficiency and stability due to the synergistic effects of the 3D porous structured GH and highly catalytic CuS.
High-energy-density electrochemical flow capacitors containing quinone derivatives impregnated in nanoporous carbon beads
Authors: Tomai Takaaki , Saito Hayate , Honma Itaru
Published: December 2016

Employment of nanoporous carbon beads impregnated with redox-active quinone derivatives enhances energy density in electrochemical flow capacitors effectively.
Optoelectronic and spectroscopic characterization of vapour-transport grown Cu2ZnSnS4 single crystals
Authors: Ng Tat Ming , Weller Mark T. , Kissling Gabriela P. , Peter Laurence M. , Dale Phillip , Babbe Finn , de Wild Jessica , Wenger Bernard , Snaith Henry J. , Lane David
Published: December 2016

Wide range of techniques used to obtain fundamental optical and optoelectronic properties of CZTS single crystals grown by vapour transport.
Recent progress in carbon dot–metal based nanohybrids for photochemical and electrochemical applications
Authors: De Bibekananda , Karak Niranjan
Published: December 2016

The present review article highlights the preparation, characterization, properties, and photochemical and electrochemical applications of carbon dot–metal based nanohybrids.
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles for biophotonics: study of the mutual interaction with living cells
Authors: Zucchetti Elena , Zangoli Mattia , Bargigia Ilaria , Bossio Caterina , Di Maria Francesca , Barbarella Giovanna , D'Andrea Cosimo , Lanzani Guglielmo , Antognazza Maria Rosa
Published: December 2016

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles interfacing with living cells: a new tool for biophotonics applications.
Honokiol nanoparticles stabilized by oligoethylene glycols codendrimer: in vitro and in vivo investigations
Authors: Guo Yifei , Zhao Yanna , Wang Ting , Zhao Shuang , Qiu Hanhong , Han Meihua , Wang Xiangtao
Published: December 2016

Based on fluorescently labeled codendrimer PGC, honokiol nanoparticles were prepared, which possessed higher drug-loading content and enhanced antitumor efficacyin vitroandin vivo.
Effective control of the intrinsic DNA morphology by photosensitive polyamines
Authors: Deiana M. , Pokladek Z. , Matczyszyn K. , Mlynarz P. , Buckle M. , Samoc M.
Published: December 2016

Changes occurring in the intrinsic B-DNA morphology upon binding to molecular photoswitches.
A replacement for incandescent bulbs: high-efficiency blue-hazard free organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jou J. H. , Yu H. H. , Tung F. C. , Chiang C. H. , He Z. K. , Wei M. K.
Published: December 2016

A blue-hazard free, healthy light source will become the mainstream of future lighting wherein higher energy saving is always a must.
Modifying the valence state of molybdenum in the efficient oxide buffer layer of organic solar cells via a mild hydrogen peroxide treatment
Authors: Cong Shuren , Hadipour Afshin , Sugahara Tohru , Wei Tingting , Jiu Jinting , Ranjbar Samaneh , Hirose Yukiko , Karakawa Makoto , Nagao Shijo , Aernouts Tom , Suganuma Katsuaki
Published: December 2016

Simple solution process were developed to fabricate efficient MoOx based HTLs for organic solar cells.
Compact crossover on multilayer substrate for UWB applications
Authors: Seddiki M.L. , Ghanem F. , Nedil M. , Bouklif A.
Published: December 2016

A new design of planar bilayer ultra‐wideband (UWB) crossover is presented. The structure is composed of double slot coupled transitions and a microstrip transmission line to provide a better isolation between the cross‐lines. A good agreement between simulation results and measurements has been achieved. Experimental results show excellent impedance matching of more than 15 dB at the all four ports. A good isolation and insertion loss between the two signal paths of the crossover with more than 25 and 1.3 dB, respectively, over the entire UWB band is observed.
Test and study on sensitivity of electronic circuit in low‐voltage release to voltage sags
Authors: Ouyang Sen , Liu Liyuan
Published: December 2016

This study focuses on sensitivity of electronic circuit in low‐voltage release to voltage sags based on a large‐scale test results. Although studies about ride‐through capability of some electronic devices during voltage sags have been carried out, there is few research available on sensitivity of electronic circuit in low‐voltage release to voltage sags. Operation principle and working states of electromagnetic structure are discussed. Subsequently, a detailed test scheme is proposed based on latest standards and several kinds of 220 V low‐voltage releases have been tested. Test results indicate that output waveform of electronic circuit under voltage sags can be classified into two types, which shows a clear correspondence with working state of electromagnetic structure and tripping condition of low‐voltage release. Finally, six working modes are presented to analyse the relationship between output waveform of electronic circuit and the magnitude and duration of voltage sags in details.
Mise en perspective de l’utilisation des ancrages osseux par
rapport aux autres techniques d’ancrage
Authors: Le Gall Michel , Chevalier Émilie , Bachet Christophe , Dameron Cyril , Dorison-Bachet Damienne , Philip-Alliez Camille
Published: December 2016

Introduction : Pour obtenir des résultats thérapeutiques en accord avec les
objectifs, il est nécessaire de contrôler la mécanique et donc l’ancrage en évitant
l’apparition de mouvements parasites. Ignorer l’importance des ancrages orthodontiques
vissés à l’aube du 21e siècle semble impensable. Cependant, on est en droit de
se poser certaines questions légitimes. Sont-ils une alternative à toutes les mécaniques
orthodontiques conventionnelles ? Permettent-ils la prise en charge de situations cliniques
difficilement envisageables par une orthodontie plus classique ? Améliorent-ils la qualité
de nos traitements ? Matériels et méthodes : Les auteurs développent chacune
des situations cliniques utilisant un ancrage vissé et mettent en parallèle un moyen
conventionnel afin d’étudier les mécaniques appliquées et de mettre en avant celle qui
serait la plus efficiente, de manière non exhaustive et au travers des systèmes mécaniques
utilisés au sein de leur cabinet. Résultats : Avec plus de 15 ans de recul et
d’utilisation, les mini-vis font aujourd’hui partie intégrante de l’arsenal thérapeutique
de l’orthodontiste et ont beaucoup d’avantages, mais un plan de traitement doit être
cohérent, la mécanique réfléchie et constituer une entité logique sous le contrôle du
praticien. La pose d’un ancrage vissé nécessite une maîtrise indispensable à la pérennité
de l’ancrage.
L’orthodontie chirurgicale dans le traitement de la dysharmonie
dento-maxillaire : le repositionnement incisif et son impact articulaire
Authors: Raberin Monique
Published: December 2016

Introduction : Les protocoles chirurgicaux reposent sur une préparation des
arcades avant ou immédiatement après la phase chirurgicale. La normalisation des guides
incisifs dans les trois dimensions est réalisée par le repositionnement orthodontique. Le
site et l’amplitude des mouvements chirurgicaux dépendent de la position incisive obtenue.
La décision d’extraire ou de ne pas extraire dépend de l’objectif de repositionnement
incisif planifié. La chirurgie des bases osseuses engendre des tensions musculaires et
intra-articulaires susceptibles de déclencher une dysfonction cranio-articulaire (DCM).
Objectifs : L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les interactions entre
l’amplitude du repositionnement incisif, la planification chirurgicale et le risque de
générer ou d’accentuer une DCM. Conclusions : La planification du
repositionnement incisif dans les trois dimensions permet de définir l’amplitude et le
site des déplacements chirurgicaux des maxillaires. Au cours de la préparation
orthodontique, le repositionnement incisif ne semble pas provoquer de DCM malgré la perte
de contrôle des guides occlusaux qu’il engendre. Si le patient présente au départ des
signes de DCM, l’amplitude des déplacements chirurgicaux, surtout mandibulaires, sera
modulée et aura un impact sur les objectifs du repositionnement incisif.
Interaction of Serum Phosphate with Age as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kerry Jillian , Mansell Holly , Elmoselhi Hamdi , Moser Mike , Shoker Ahmed
Published: December 2016

We calculated rate of changes in the cardiovascular risk calculator for renal transplant recipients (CRCRTR) major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in clinically stable renal transplant recipients (RTRs) to identify covariables that associate with fast cardiovascular (CV) risk progression. CRCRTR-MACE scores were calculated on 139 patients in 2011 and 2014. Score changes above and below median changes in scores were labeled fast or slow CV risk progression. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify variables significant to percentage changes in scores. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to define sensitivity and specificity of factors significant to fast score progression. Follow-up was 2.61 (2.02–4.47) years. Slow and fast progressions were present in 50.4 and 49.6% of patients, with a median change of 25.8% (− 92.1 to 1,444.7%). MVA showed percentage changes in age and serum phosphate were the only significant variables impacting fast progression in scores. ROC showed 2011 serum phosphate of 1.15 mmol/L to predict fast progression (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.628, p > 0.0126). Age older than 45 years combined with 2011 serum phosphate above 1.15 mmol/L had a significant AUC of 0.781, p < 0.0010 interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-28A were significant associates with serum phosphate above 1.1 mmol/L in the MVA. Changes in CV risk in RTR over time are highly variable. Serum phosphate, even within upper normal levels, predicts worsening of CV risk scores in stable RTR.
Gartland Type II Supracondylar Humerus Fractures, Their Operative Treatment and Lateral Pinning Are Increasing: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study of Extension-Type Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children
Authors: Pokka Tytti , Sirviö Minna , Serlo Willy , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko
Published: December 2016

Background Supracondylar humerus fractures are usual in children but their recent trends are unclear.

Material and Methods A population-based study was performed to determine the epidemiology of childhood supracondylar humerus fractures during the decade, 2000 to 2009, in a geographic area of Oulu, Finland. Altogether, 565 extension-type supracondylar humerus fractures were included. The fractures and their treatment were analyzed according to the Gartland classification.

Results Fracture incidence increased by 28%, from 50.9 to 65.2 per 100,000 during 2000 to 2009 (β = 1.03, p < 0.001). The increase was from 41.3 to 57.6 per 100,000 in girls (β = 1.9, p < 0.001). Trampoline-related fractures in particular increased in girls. Type II fractures increased twofold from 7.1 to 16.3 per 100,000 (β = 1.1, p < 0.001), whereas type I fractures decreased from 22.4 to 20.9 per 100,000 (β = −0.3, p = 0.026).

Surgical treatment increased during the 10 years study period from 32.6 to 51.8% (p = 0.022); it was in particular due to increase of operative care of type II fractures (from 5.9% in 2000–2001 to 37.1% in 2008–2009; p = 0.011). Lateral pin fixation increased from nil to six (10.7%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The incidence and surgical stabilization of type II fractures in particular are increasing. There is a trend toward lateral pin fixation.
Comparison of isohydric and anisohydric Vitis vinifera L. cultivars reveals a fine balance between hydraulic resistances, driving forces and transpiration in ripening berries
Authors: Scharwies Johannes Daniel , Tyerman Stephen Donald
Published: December 2016

The degree to which isohydric or anisohydric behaviour extends to the water balance of developing fruits has not previously been explored. Here, we examine the water relations and hydraulic behaviour of Vitis vinifera L. berries during development from two contrasting cultivars that display isohydric (cv. Grenache) or anisohydric (cv. Shiraz) behaviour. Hydraulic resistance normalised to the berry surface area of Grenache clusters was significantly lower and more constant during development, whereas that of Shiraz increased. Lower rachis hydraulic resistance in Grenache compared with Shiraz was inversely related to xylem vessel diameter. Berry transpiration and xylem water uptake measured on detached berries decreased alike during development. From veraison, detached berries of both cultivars showed a transition to a net imbalance between xylem water uptake and transpiration, with Shiraz showing a larger imbalance and berry dehydration towards the end of ripening. In planta, this imbalance must be counterbalanced by a larger phloem water influx in post-veraison berries. Concurrently, the calculated pressure gradients for xylem water uptake showed a decline, which broadly agreed with the measured values. Higher suction for xylem water uptake in pre-veraison berries was mainly generated by transpiration. We conclude that isohydric or anisohydric behaviour is reflected in the contrasting behaviour of fruit hydraulics and that a change from xylem water uptake to phloem import is correlated with the loss of the propensity to generate negative apoplastic pressure in the berry.
Diabetes induced by gain-of-function mutations in the Kir6.1 subunit of the KATP channel
Authors: Remedi Maria S. , Friedman Jonathan B. , Nichols Colin G.
Published: December 2016

Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the pore-forming (Kir6.2) and regulatory (SUR1) subunits of KATP channels have been identified as the most common cause of human neonatal diabetes mellitus. The critical effect of these mutations is confirmed in mice expressing Kir6.2-GOF mutations in pancreatic β cells. A second KATP channel pore-forming subunit, Kir6.1, was originally cloned from the pancreas. Although the prominence of this subunit in the vascular system is well documented, a potential role in pancreatic β cells has not been considered. Here, we show that mice expressing Kir6.1-GOF mutations (Kir6.1[G343D] or Kir6.1[G343D,Q53R]) in pancreatic β cells (under rat-insulin-promoter [Rip] control) develop glucose intolerance and diabetes caused by reduced insulin secretion. We also generated transgenic mice in which a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing Kir6.1[G343D] is incorporated such that the transgene is only expressed in tissues where Kir6.1 is normally present. Strikingly, BAC-Kir6.1[G343D] mice also show impaired glucose tolerance, as well as reduced glucose- and sulfonylurea-dependent insulin secretion. However, the response to K+ depolarization is intact in Kir6.1-GOF mice compared with control islets. The presence of native Kir6.1 transcripts was demonstrated in both human and wild-type mouse islets using quantitative real-time PCR. Together, these results implicate the incorporation of native Kir6.1 subunits into pancreatic KATP channels and a contributory role for these subunits in the control of insulin secretion.