bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aureonitols A and B, Two New C13‐Polyketides from Chaetomium globosum, an Endophytic Fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Xiang , Zhao Wen‐Ting , Chen Heng‐Ye , Zhang Lei , Liu Ting‐Kai , Chen He‐Ping , Yang Jian , Yang Xiao‐Long
Published: August 2019

Two new C13‐polyketides, aureonitols A and B (1 and 2), along with five known compounds (3–7), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of the plant endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and computed methods. Compound 5 was found to display the remarkable antimicrobial activities against four multidrug‐resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with MIC values of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL (ciprofloxacin: 0.78–1.56 μg/mL), and also against all tested fungal strains with MIC values of 3.13–25 μg/mL (ketoconazole: 0.78–12.50 μg/mL).
Sprouting of oats: A new approach to quantify compositional changes
Authors: Krapf Julia , Kandzia Franziska , Brühan Juliane , Walther Goeran , Flöter Eckhard
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives

The aim of this research was to gain a deeper insight into the effect caused by the addition of sprouted oat to food products. The effect of temperature and duration of the sprouting process was systematically studied by sprouting oat grains between 10 and 30°C for up to 3 days.

Findings

Overall, it was found that temperatures between 20 and 25°C yield the most dramatic changes in the properties of sprouted oats. Based on the data, a simple system to characterize the sprouting progress by a visual inspection of the lengths of the coleoptile and radicles was developed. This degree of sprouting (DoS) was correlated with further grain properties.

Conclusions

It was found that an exponential relationship between the DoS and grain properties existed. Furthermore, the observed increase in the reducing sugar content (up to 14.6 g/100 g) with increasing DoS was closely related to the increase in α‐amylase activity (up to 25 U/g).

Significance and novelty

The good predictive power found indicates that the application of the concept degree of sprouting could develop into a reliable characterization method for sprouted grains usable for product development and specification.
A case of recalcitrant acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with Sjogren's syndrome: Successfully treated with low‐dose cyclosporine
Authors: İslamoğlu Zeynep Gizem Kaya , Karabağli Pınar
Published: August 2019

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a reaction attributed mainly to drugs. Hydroxychloroquine is a rare cause of AGEP especially used in rheumatology and dermatology. Systemic corticosteroids are the first‐line treatment agents in AGEP. But cyclosporine can be a good choice for patients resistant to systemic corticosteroid treatment in AGEP.
Three‐Dimensional Porous TiNb2O7/CNT‐KB Composite Microspheres as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Liu Min , Dong Houcai , Zhang Shuo , Chen Xi , Sun Yiping , Gao Shan , Xu Jiaqiang , Wu Xiaodong , Yuan Anbao , Lu Wei
Published: August 2019

Nano‐TiNb2O7/multiwalled carbon nanotube and ketjen black (TiNb2O7/CNT‐KB) composite microspheres with porous three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical heterostructure are fabricated by spray drying and solvothermal method. This composite material exhibits a high reversible charge specific capacity of 327.8 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 0.1 C and 151.1 mAh g−1 at 20 C rate. When it is cycled at a high current rate of 5 C for 1000 cycles, the charge capacity is dropped from the maximum value of 220.8 mAh g−1 (6th cycle) to the end value of 145.4 mAh g−1, with capacity retention of 65.9 %. The TiNb2O7/CNT‐KB composite material demonstrates much superior electrochemical performance over the bare TiNb2O7 material, and this result should be attributed to its particular porous 3D hierarchical structure, which possesses enhanced electrical conductivity as well as the ability for accommodating volume change and preventing particle aggregation of the electrode active material during the discharge and charge cycles.
Static and dynamic behavior of cellular glass products used for the bottom insulation of flat bottom tanks
Authors: Waas Till , Hertle Robert , Krol Marian
Published: August 2019

This paper gives a general introduction to the design of load bearing insulation systems made from cellular glass for flat bottom tanks used to store cryogenic liquids. The mechanical properties of cellular glass are summarized and the current situation of the set of rules and regulations regarding design and construction of bottom insulation systems is presented. The intention of this paper is to bring attention to the dynamic behavior of cellular glass bottom insulation systems under horizontal earthquake acceleration. Within this paper, the basic results of cyclic shear force tests performed on cellular glass blocks are presented. The intention of these tests was to determine the dynamic behavior of a bottom insulation system exposed to shear inducing seismic actions. A procedure for implementing the dynamic properties of cellular glass into a multi modal dynamic model is presented and verified by a dynamic calculation.
C−H and C−M Activation, Aromaticity Tuning, and Co⋅⋅⋅Ru Interactions Confined in the Azuliporphyrin Framework
Authors: Białek Michał J. , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: August 2019

Taking advantage of the specific properties of azuliporphyrin and the reactivity of cobalt(II), activation of an azulene C(sp2)−H bond occurred and organometallic complexes with Co−C bonding were formed. The system allowed for macrocyclic aromaticity tuning through metal coordination and oxidation. Thanks to the CoII−C and parallel tested CuII−C reactivity and the affinity of metal centers to dioxygen, oxygen atom insertion into the M−C bond could be investigated. Insertion starts with an oxygen molecule coordination and leads to monomeric and dimeric complexes of specific electronic structures. Formation of unique paramagnetic σ/π‐hybrid bimetallic complexes enabled spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of peculiar CoII⋅⋅⋅Ru0 interactions.
Chirality‐Controlled Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Dibenzo[6]helicenes into Langmuir–Blodgett Thin Films
Authors: Holec Jan , Rybáček Jiří , Vacek Jaroslav , Karras Manfred , Bednárová Lucie , Buděšínský Miloš , Slušná Michaela , Holý Petr , Schmidt Bernd , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo
Published: August 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Bernd Schmidt and co‐workers at University of Potsdam and Irena G. Stará, Ivo Starý and co‐workers at IOCB Prague. The image depicts two assemblies of an amphiphilic helicene molecule that float on the water surface and differ in chirality: The racemic “raft” is more stable than the enantiopure one. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201901695.
Two cases of eczematous eruptions caused by everolimus
Authors: Habu Minako , Tohyama Mikiko , Sayama Koji
Published: August 2019

Objective

Everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, has been used in the treatment of several types of tumor. Erythematous maculopapular and acneiform rashes are the major dermatological adverse events associated with everolimus therapy, but we encountered two cases of eczematous eruption caused by everolimus.

Method

We assessed the clinical features and laboratory findings of the two cases.

Results

A 52‐year‐old woman and a 59‐year‐old man developed pruritic papules and erythema over their entire bodies after initiation of everolimus therapy. Both patients exhibited peripheral eosinophilia and increased serum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) levels. A skin biopsy from one patient revealed the features of chronic dermatitis. Both the skin manifestations and the pruritis disappeared rapidly after the discontinuation of everolimus treatment. The peripheral blood eosinophil and serum TARC levels also decreased.

Conclusion

Eczematous eruption associated with an elevated serum TARC level is a dermatological event associated with everolimus therapy.
Modelling coke formation in an industrial ethane‐cracking furnace for ethylene production
Authors: Karimi Hadiseh , Olayiwola Bolaji , Farag Hany , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: August 2019

The development of a model for predicting coke formation in an industrial ethylene cracking furnace is described. Expressions for predicting the rates of catalytic and pyrolytic coke formation are developed and a differential equation is derived to predict changes in coke thickness with time and position. An expression is developed to account for a decline in the rate of catalytic coke formation with increasing thickness of the coke layer. The proposed coke model equations are used to extend a previously developed ethane pyrolysis furnace model that ignored coke. Three model parameters related to coke formation are estimated using industrial data to obtain reliable model predictions. Two of these parameters are coefficients that appear in the catalytic and pyrolytic coke formation rate expressions. The third is a characteristic‐length parameter used to reduce the rate of catalytic coke formation as the coke layer grows. The resulting dynamic model matches the industrial data well and can be used to simulate furnace operation and predict coke thickness profiles over a variety of the operating conditions, thereby helping process engineers who plan the decoking process.
Predicting the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Progress and uncertainty
Authors: Montserrat Emili , Gale Robert Peter
Published: August 2019

Because chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease, there are considerable efforts underway to develop increasingly accurate and precise analytics with which to estimate the probability of future events such as the need for and probability of response to therapy, progression‐free survival, and survival. These analytics typically are constructed from clinical and laboratory variables. These variables often are combined into scores or staging systems, some of which are prognostic (therapy‐independent), whereas others are predictive (therapy‐dependent). Predictive variables differ with different therapies. Because response to therapy is a necessary condition for the improvement of survival, predictive biomarkers are extremely important. However, despite some progress to identify new predictive biomarkers, del(17p)/TP53 mutation remains the only widely accepted variable used to guide therapy. New laboratory techniques and analytical tools may contribute to improvements in the precision and accuracy of outcome indicators. However, there are inherent limitations when applying cohort‐based estimates to individuals within the cohort. The accuracy and precision of prediction also are limited by measurement error and chance. Ultimately, estimating outcomes requires a careful balance between clinical experience, imperfect prediction, and uncertainty.
Pancreatic cancer—A disease in need: Optimizing and integrating supportive care
Authors: Moffat Gordon T. , Epstein Andrew S. , O'Reilly Eileen M.
Published: August 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy that continues to be challenging to treat. PDAC has the lowest 5‐year relative survival rate compared with all other solid tumor malignancies and is expected to become the second‐leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States by 2030. Given the high mortality, there is an increasing role for concurrent anticancer and supportive care in the management of patients with PDAC with the aims of maximizing length of life, quality of life, and symptom control. Emerging trends in supportive care that can be integrated into the clinical management of patients with PDAC include standardized supportive care screening, early integration of supportive care into routine cancer care, early implementation of outpatient‐based advance care planning, and utilization of electronic patient‐reported outcomes for improved symptom management and quality of life. The most common symptoms experienced are nausea, constipation, weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia, and abdominal and back pain. This review article includes current supportive management strategies for these and others. Common disease‐related complications include biliary and duodenal obstruction requiring endoscopic procedures and venous thromboembolic events. Patients with PDAC continue to have a poor prognosis. Systemic therapy options are able to palliate the high symptom burden but have a modest impact on overall survival. Early integration of supportive care can lead to improved outcomes.
Underutilization of guideline‐recommended supportive care among older adults with multiple myeloma in the United States
Authors: Giri Smith , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Rong , Zeidan Amer , Podoltsev Nikolai , Gore Steven D. , Neparidze Natalia , Ma Xiaomei , Gross Cary P. , Davidoff Amy J. , Huntington Scott F.
Published: August 2019

Background

With improving survival for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), supportive care that is focused on optimizing quality of life and minimizing treatment‐related toxicities is increasingly important. The extent to which patients with MM are receiving recommended supportive care is unknown.

Methods

This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database to identify older adults (age ≥66 years) diagnosed with MM in 2008‐2013 who had received active treatment and survived 1 year or longer after their diagnosis. Outcomes of interest included guideline‐recommended supportive care, which was defined as 1) bone‐modifying drugs (BMDs) within the 12 months after the diagnosis, 2) influenza vaccination in the first season after the diagnosis, and 3) concomitant use of prophylactic antivirals with proteasome inhibitors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between patient/facility‐level characteristics and supportive care use.

Results

Among 1996 patients receiving MM‐directed therapy, 64%, 52%, and 49% received BMDs, an influenza vaccination, and antiviral prophylaxis, respectively. Non‐Hispanic black patients (odds ratio [OR] vs white patients, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46‐0.88) and patients with baseline renal impairment (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.34‐0.54) had lower odds of BMDs. Non‐Hispanic blacks (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.73) and those with dual Medicaid enrollment (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.99) had lower odds of influenza vaccination. Treatment in a community‐based setting was associated with reduced odds of antiviral prophylaxis (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.72).

Conclusions

Substantial underutilization of guideline‐recommended supportive care was observed among older adults with MM in the United States, and this was associated with both patient and facility characteristics. Targeted interventions are needed to improve supportive care for patients with MM.
Global Bifurcation of Rotating Vortex Patches
Authors: Hassainia Zineb , Masmoudi Nader , Wheeler Miles H.
Published: August 2019

We rigorously construct continuous curves of rotating vortex patch solutions to the two‐dimensional Euler equations. The curves are large in that, as the parameter tends to infinity, the minimum along the interface of the angular fluid velocity in the rotating frame becomes arbitrarily small. This is consistent with the conjectured existence [30, 38] of singular limiting patches with 90 corners at which the relative fluid velocity vanishes. For solutions close to the disk, we prove that there are “cat's‐eyes”‐type structures in the flow, and provide numerical evidence that these structures persist along the entire solution curves and are related to the formation of corners. We also show, for any rotating vortex patch, that the boundary is analytic as soon as it is sufficiently regular. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple‐replica integrity auditing schemes for cloud data storage
Authors: Lin Yangfei , Li Jie , Jia Xiaohua , Ren Kui
Published: August 2019

Cloud computing has been an essential technology for providing on‐demand computing resources as a service on the Internet. Not only enterprises but also individuals can outsource their data to the cloud without worrying about purchase and maintenance cost. The cloud storage system, however, is not fully trustable. Cloud data integrity auditing is crucial for defending against the security threats of data in the untrusted multicloud environment. Storing multiple replicas is a commonly used strategy for the availability and reliability of critical data. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the state‐of‐the‐art multiple‐replica integrity auditing schemes in cloud data storage. We present the system model and security threats of outsourcing data to the cloud with classification of ongoing developments. We also summarize the existing data integrity auditing schemes for multicloud data storage. The important open issues and potential research directions are addressed.
Image steganalysis based on convolutional neural network and feature selection
Authors: Sun Zhanquan , Li Feng , Huang Huifen , Wang Jian
Published: August 2019

Steganalysis is to detect whether or not the seemly innocent image hiding message. It is an important research topic in information security. With the development of steganography technology, steganalysis becomes more and more difficult. Some steganalysis methods have been proposed to improve the performance. Most research work concentrates on special steganography information detection and the image steganography features are designed manually. Few research works concentrate on universal steganalysis methods. In this paper, as the first several attempts, a novel image steganalysis method based on deep neural network is proposed. First, image high‐frequency features are extracted with wavelet transformation method because that most image hiding message are high frequency. Second, high‐dimensional image steganography features are extracted with deep neural networks according to the high‐frequency images and informative features combination is selected with a novel feature selection method based on entropy. Then, a parallel SVM model is proposed to build the steganalysis model based on large scale training samples. At last, the efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated through analyzing a practical image steganalysis example.
Formation of large‐scale structures in four‐component dusty plasmas
Authors: Gondal S.M. , Iqbal M. , Saleem F. , Shuaib A.
Published: August 2019

A possibility of self‐organization of magnetized four‐component dusty plasmas to double Beltrami (DB) state is explored. It is found that for a specific set of Beltrami parameters, the four‐component dusty plasma self‐organizes to DB state. The DB state characterized by two scale parameters may represent a paramagnetic or diamagnetic field structure. The impact of Beltrami parameters, charge and densities of dust grains on formation of self‐organized structures has also been investigated. This study has potential relevance to the formation of large‐scale structures in astrophysical plasmas.
U2RV: UAV‐assisted reactive routing protocol for VANETs
Authors: Sami Oubbati Omar , Chaib Noureddine , Lakas Abderrahmane , Bitam Salim , Lorenz Pascal
Published: August 2019

When it comes to keeping the data routing robust and effective in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), stable and durable connectivity constitutes the keystone to ensure successful point‐to‐point communication. Since VANETs can comprise all kinds of mobile vehicles moving and changing direction frequently, this may result in frequent link failures and network partitions. Moreover, when VANETs are deployed in a city environment, another problem arises, that is, the existing obstructions (eg, buildings, trees, and hoppers) preventing the line‐of‐sight between vehicles, thus degrading wireless transmissions. Therefore, it is more complicated to design a routing technique that adapts to frequent changes in the topology. In order to settle all these problems, in this work, we design a flooding scheme that automatically reacts at each topology variation while overcoming the present obstacles while exchanging data in ad hoc mode with drones that are commonly called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Also, the aim of this work is to explore well‐regulated routing paths providing a long lifetime connectivity based on the amount of traffic and the expiration time of each discovered path. A set of experiments is carried out using a simulation, and the outcomes are confronted with similar protocols based on a couple of metrics. The results clearly show that the assistance of UAVs to vehicles is capable of providing high delivery ratios and low delivery delays while efficiently extending the network connectivity.
Hydrogeologic setting overrides any influence of wildfire on pore water dissolved organic carbon concentration and quality at a boreal fen
Authors: Davidson Scott J. , Elmes Matthew C. , Rogers Hayley , van Beest Christine , Petrone Richard , Price Jonathan S. , Strack Maria
Published: August 2019

Western Boreal Canada could experience drier hydrometeorological conditions under future climatic changes, and the drying of nonpermafrost peatlands can lead to higher frequency and extent of wildfires. Despite increasing pressures, our understanding of the impact of fire on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and quality across boreal peatlands is not consistent. This study capitalizes on the rare opportunity of having 3 years of prefire and 3 years of postfire DOC data at a treed, moderate‐rich fen in the Western Boreal Plain, northern Alberta, to investigate wildfire effects on peatland DOC dynamics. We investigated whether a wildfire facilitated any changes in the pore water DOC concentration and quality. There was very little impact of the fire directly, with no significant changes in DOC concentrations postfire. We highlight that DOC patterns are more likely to be controlled by local hydrogeological factors than any effect of fire. Fall hydrological conditions and subsequent winter storage processes impose a strong control on DOC concentrations the following year. We suggest that the presence or absence of concrete ground frost in the fen (determined by fall water table position) influences overwinter storage changes, controlling the effect that DOC‐poor snowmelt may have on pore water concentrations. However, an increase in SUVA254 was found 2 years postfire, indicating an increase in aromaticity. These results highlight the need for careful consideration of the local hydrogeologic setting and hydrological regime when predicting and analysing trends in DOC concentrations and quality.
Evaluation of the photovoltaic potential in built environment using spatial data captured by unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wong Nyuk Hien , Zhang Yukun , Chen Yuhong , Tong Shanshan , Zheng Zheng , Chen Jiaxuan
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a spatial photovoltaic (PV) potential evaluation method based on the combination of aerial photogrammetry and Geographic Information System (GIS) is proposed for PV potential evaluation of built environment (BE). The method can be applied to PV potential evaluation of not only building roofs, but also built environments such as carpark. The point cloud model of the studied field is established by processing images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which are then imported into GIS to estimate the available area for PV installation based on sunlight analysis after offsetting the identified borders of the urban and ecological infrastructures. The PV potential is determined based on the installation configurations of PV modules. With the help of the PVSYST software simulation, the proposed method in this paper is used to evaluate the PV potential of a carpark and a rooftop of a building in Singapore.
A lightweight IPsec‐based energy home area networks
Authors: Azzouz Lamia Ben , Aouini Imen
Published: August 2019

The smart grid is a complex architecture that involves several networks to exchange data among smart grid domains. The smart meter communicates with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) through the home area network (HAN) to improve the energy management inside home. This communication can be vulnerable to significant attacks (eavesdropping, spoofing, replay, etc). In this paper, we propose an adaptive IPsec solution for the energy HAN that considers the constrained computational capacity of the devices and the wide range of IED manufacturer. The goal of the proposed solution is to guarantee confidentiality, authentication, and antireplay in providing end‐user energy efficiency. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the latency and the success rate for HAN low‐latency applications when security is provided by using IPsec. Furthermore, we compare performances of the proposed solution with one of the most supported solution proposed by the ZigBee alliance and called Smart Energy profile.
Practical recommendations to conduct a neuroimaging meta‐analysis for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Tahmasian Masoud , Sepehry Amir A. , Samea Fateme , Khodadadifar Tina , Soltaninejad Zahra , Javaheripour Nooshin , Khazaie Habibolah , Zarei Mojtaba , Eickhoff Simon B. , Eickhoff Claudia R.
Published: August 2019

Over the past decades, neuroimaging has become widely used to investigate structural and functional brain abnormality in neuropsychiatric disorders. The results of individual neuroimaging studies, however, are frequently inconsistent due to small and heterogeneous samples, analytical flexibility, and publication bias toward positive findings. To consolidate the emergent findings toward clinically useful insight, meta‐analyses have been developed to integrate the results of studies and identify areas that are consistently involved in pathophysiology of particular neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it should be considered that the results of meta‐analyses could also be divergent due to heterogeneity in search strategy, selection criteria, imaging modalities, behavioral tasks, number of experiments, data organization methods, and statistical analysis with different multiple comparison thresholds. Following an introduction to the problem and the concepts of quantitative summaries of neuroimaging findings, we propose practical recommendations for clinicians and researchers for conducting transparent and methodologically sound neuroimaging meta‐analyses. This should help to consolidate the search for convergent regional brain abnormality in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Liver X Receptor α–Induced Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Inhibits Ubiquitin‐Specific Peptidase 4 Through miR‐27b, Protecting Hepatocytes From TGF‐β
Authors: Wu Hong Min , Kim Tae Hyun , Kim Ayoung , Koo Ja Hyun , Joo Min Sung , Kim Sang Geon
Published: August 2019

Liver X receptor‐alpha (LXRα) acts as a double‐edged sword in different biological situations. Given the elusive role of LXRα in hepatocyte viability, this study investigated whether LXRα protects hepatocytes from injurious stimuli and the underlying basis. LXRα activation prevented hepatocyte apoptosis from CCl4 challenges in mice. Consistently, LXRα protected hepatocytes specifically from transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), whereas LXRα deficiency aggravated TGF‐β‐induced hepatocyte injury. In the Gene Expression Omnibus database analysis for LXR−/− mice, TGF‐β receptors were placed in the core network. Hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses enabled us to find cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) as a gene relevant to LXRα. In human fibrotic liver samples, both LXRα and CB2 were lower in patients with septal fibrosis and cirrhosis than those with portal fibrosis. LXRα transcriptionally induced CB2; CB2 then defended hepatocytes from TGF‐β. In a macrophage depletion model, JWH133 (a CB2 agonist) treatment prevented toxicant‐induced liver injury. MicroRNA 27b (miR‐27b) was identified as an inhibitor of ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 4 (USP4), deubiquitylating TGF‐β receptor 1 (TβRI), downstream from CB2. Liver‐specific overexpression of LXRα protected hepatocytes from injurious stimuli and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion: LXRα exerts a cytoprotective effect against TGF‐β by transcriptionally regulating the CB2 gene in hepatocytes, and CB2 then inhibits USP4‐stabilizing TβRI through miR‐27b. Our data provide targets for the treatment of acute liver injury.
Visualization of pool boiling heat transfer of magnetic nanofluid
Authors: Zarei Saleh Abad Mostafa , Ebrahimi‐Dehshali Massoud , Bijarchi Mohamad Ali , Shafii Mohammad Behshad , Moosavi Ali
Published: August 2019

To increase heat transfer, ferrofluids have been utilized to study the effective parameters of pool boiling. Changes and possible enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer of magnetic fluids is a function of magnetic field and concentration of nanoparticles. To the best knowledge of the authors, no systematic experiments have been conducted to visualize the phenomena during the boiling of ferrofluids with different concentrations. In this study an experimental investigation has been conducted, by designing and fabricating a novel hele‐shaw vessel with glass sides, to explore via visualizations some details in the pool boiling of ferrofluids. Boiling patterns of ferrofluids at various concentrations have been visualized –both in the presence of a constant magnetic field and without any magnetic field. Pure water tests were performed as a baseline, and the experimental program has been conducted at four different concentrations, namely 30, 40, 50, and 500 ppm. The primary focus of the visualization is to study how different concentration of ferrofluid affects the boiling ebullition cycle through a high‐speed camera. The results showed that in the boiling process of ferrofluids with a low concentration (10 to 50 ppm), the rising bubbles lead to enlarge the active nucleation sites and create cavities. The formation of cavities changes the solid layer of the surface to a porous medium and enhances the wettability of the surface and boiling heat transfer coefficient. In the ferrofluid boiling with high concentration (500 ppm), bubbles rising is hindered by nanoparticles.
Effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on the melting heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid near a stagnation point towards a stretching surface: Buongiorno's model
Authors: Kata Sreelakshmi , Ganganapalli Sarojamma , Kuppalapalle Vajravelu
Published: August 2019

This analysis intends to address the coupled effect of phase change heat transfer, thermal radiation, and viscous heating on the MHD flow of an incompressible chemically reactive nanofluid in the vicinity of the stagnation point toward the stretching surface, taking a Jeffrey fluid as the base fluid. Convergent analytical solutions for the nonlinear boundary layer equations are obtained by the successive application of scaling variables and the highly efficacious homotopy analysis method. Error analysis is implemented to endorse the convergence of the solutions. Through parametric examination, influence of various physical parameters occurring in analysis of the profiles of velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration, coefficient of surface drag, rates of mass and heat transfer is explored pictorially. The Deborah number and the melting parameter are found to enhance velocity, and the associated momentum boundary layers are thicker, whereas the magnetic field depreciates the flow rate. Temperature is observed to enhance with the thermophoresis parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number, whereas a reduction is seen with the thermal radiation parameter and Brownian motion parameter. Nanoparticle concentration is depleted by the chemical reaction parameter, the thermophoresis parameter, and the Lewis number.
Using stable isotopes to quantify water sources for trees and shrubs in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem in flood and drought years
Authors: Flanagan Lawrence B. , Orchard Trina E. , Tremel Tyler N. , Rood Stewart B.
Published: August 2019

Riparian cottonwood forests in dry regions of western North America do not typically receive sufficient growing season precipitation to completely support their relatively high transpiration requirements. Water used in transpiration by riparian ecosystems must include alluvial groundwater or water stored in the potentially large reservoir of the unsaturated soil zone. We used the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of stem xylem water to evaluate water sources used by the dominant riparian cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees and shrubs (Shepherdia argentea and Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Lethbridge, Alberta, during 3 years of contrasting environmental conditions. Cottonwoods did not exclusively take up alluvial groundwater but made extensive use of water sourced from the unsaturated soil zone. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of cottonwood stem water did not strongly overlap with those of alluvial groundwater, which were closely associated with the local meteoric water line. Instead, cottonwood stem water δ18O and δ2H values were located below the local meteoric water line, forming a line with a low slope that was indicative of water exposed to evaporative enrichment of heavy isotopes. In addition, cottonwood xylem water isotope compositions had negative values of deuterium excess (d‐excess) and line‐conditioned (deuterium) excess (lc‐excess), both of which provided evidence that water taken up by the cottonwoods had been exposed to fractionation during evaporation. The shrub species had lower values of d‐excess and lc‐excess than had the cottonwood trees due to shallower rooting depths, and the d‐excess values declined during the growing season, as shallow soil water that was taken up by the plants was exposed to increasing, cumulative evaporative enrichment. The apparent differences in functional rooting pattern between cottonwoods and the shrub species, strongly influenced the ratio of net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic water‐use efficiency), as shown by variation among species in the δ13C values of leaf tissue.
Option‐implied information and stock herding
Authors: Voukelatos Nikolaos , Verousis Thanos
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we examine if herding behaviour in the equity market can be explained by option‐implied information. Our empirical results confirm the commonly reported absence of herding as a general tendency in the U.S. equity market. However, we find evidence of significant herding behaviour during periods when option‐implied information reflects a pessimistic view about the future prospects of the equity market. More specifically, we find that individual stock returns tend to cluster more closely around the market consensus during days of high implied index volatility, more pronounced negative implied skewness, and higher trading volume in index puts.
Overactivation of the sodium–calcium exchanger and transient receptor potential in anesthesia‐induced malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Zhao Peng , Liu Xiu‐min , Sun Qian‐chuang , Cui Yun‐feng
Published: August 2019

Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disorder, which is an uncommon but frequently fatal intricacy of inhalation anesthesia in man. It causes a quick rise in body temperature to highly irreversible levels, which causes death in around three of four cases. The trigger anesthetics cause an anomalous, continued ascent in myoplasmic calcium levels. Possible mechanisms by which continuous release of sodium, calcium from skeletal muscle plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum stores respectively can produce the profound hyperthermia are discussed.
Using video modeling to teach play comments to dyads with ASD
Authors: Ezzeddine Essma W. , DeBar Ruth M. , Reeve Sharon A. , Townsend Dawn Buffington
Published: August 2019

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display deficits in social and conversational skills. One method used to improve social deficits includes video modeling. When targeting conversational skills, few studies have included individuals with ASD as conversational partners. We evaluated the effects of video modeling on commenting (i.e., scripted statements) during leisure activities with dyads of children with ASD using a multiple‐probe‐across‐activities design. Video modeling alone was found to be effective in increasing scripted statements for 3 of 6 participants. Video modeling, tangible reinforcement, and additional prompts were necessary for the remaining participants. Results maintained 1 and 3 weeks after mastery. Procedures, goals and outcomes were reported as socially valid. Limitations and areas of future research are discussed.
Living on the edge: Pain control by blood leukocytes at the borders of the central nervous system
Authors: Pinho-Ribeiro Felipe A
Published: August 2019

Discussion on the impact of blood leukocytes accumulating at the borders of the central nervous system on the development of neuropathic pain.
Localization of keyhole limpet hemocyanin‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous system ofBiomphalaria alexandrina
Authors: Beach Griffin A. , Habib Mohamed R. , El Hiani Yassine , Miller Mark W. , Croll Roger P.
Published: August 2019

Recent years have led to increased effort to describe and understand the peripheral nervous system and its influence on central mechanisms and behavior in gastropod molluscs. This study revealed that an antibody raised against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) cross‐reacts with an antigen(s) found extensively in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems ofBiomphalaria alexandrina. The results revealed KLH‐like immunoreactive (LIR) neurons in the cerebral, pedal, buccal, left pleural, right parietal, and visceral ganglion within the CNS with fibers projecting throughout all the peripheral nerves. Numerous KLH‐LIR peripheral sensory neurons located in the foot, lips, tentacles, mantle, esophagus, and penis exhibited a bipolar morphology with long tortuous dendrites. KLH‐LIR cells were also present in the eye and statocyst, thus suggesting the labeling of multiple sensory modalities/cell types. KLH‐LIR cells did not co‐localize with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐LIR cells, which have previously been described in this and other gastropods. The results thus provide descriptions of thousands of peripheral sensory neurons, not previously described in detail. Future research should seek to pair sensory modalities with peripheral cell type and attempt to further elucidate the nature of KLH‐like reactivity. These findings also emphasize the need for caution when analyzing results obtained through use of antibodies raised against haptens conjugated to carrier proteins, suggesting the need for stringent controls to help limit potential confounds caused by cross‐reactivity. In addition, this study is the first to describe neuronal cross‐reactivity with KLH inBiomphalaria, which could provide a substrate for host‐parasite interactions with a parasitic trematode,Schistosoma.
Extreme rainfall, rainfall erosivity, and hillslope erosion in Australian Alpine region and their future changes
Authors: Zhu Qinggaozi , Yang Xihua , Ji Fei , Liu De Li , Yu Qiang
Published: August 2019

The Australian Alpine region is highly vulnerable to extreme climate events such as heavy rainfall and snow falls, these events subsequently impact rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion in the region. In this study, the relationship between extreme rainfall indices (ERIs) and rainfall erosivity was examined across the Alpine region in New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the surrounding areas including Murray and Murrumbidgee and South East and Tablelands (SET). Rainfall erosivity, hillslope erosion, and their changes were estimated in the future periods using the revised universal soil loss equation and the NSW/ACT Regional Climate Modeling (NARCliM) projections. Results from the study demonstrate a good relationship between ERIs (especially Rx5Day) and rainfall erosivity. The rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion are projected to increase about 2 and 8% for the near future (2020–2039), further increase to 8 and 18% for the far future (2060–2079) in the Alpine region assuming the groundcover is maintained at the current condition. The change in rainfall erosivity and erosion risk is highly uneven in space and in season with the highest erosion risk in summer with an increase about 33% in the next 50 years. The highest erosion risk area is predicted within SET (maximum rate 19.95 Mg ha−1 year−1), but on average, the ACT has the highest erosion rate, which is above 1.36 Mg ha−1 year−1 in all periods. The snowmelt in spring in the Alpine region is estimated to increase the rainfall erosivity by 13% in the baseline period, up to 24% in the near future, but far less (about 1%) in the far future due to predicted temperature rise and less snow available in the Alpine region in the next 50 years.
Dose‐Dependent Cannabidiol‐Induced Elevation of Intracellular Calcium and Apoptosis in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Winklmayr Martina , Gaisberger Martin , Kittl Michael , Fuchs Julia , Ritter Markus , Jakab Martin
Published: August 2019

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the most abundant non‐psychoactive compound of Cannabis sativa extracts. Cannabinoids have been shown to exhibit anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti‐tumorigenic effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CBD on human articular chondrocytes. Cell viability was determined by Resazurin assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by annexin‐V/7‐actinomycin D (7‐AAD) staining followed by flow cytometry. Caspase 3/7 activity was measured with caspase assays. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was monitored by time‐lapse fluorescence imaging. The perforated whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was used for measuring the cell membrane potential. Erk1/2 phosphorylation was assessed by western blot analysis. The chondrocyte cell line C28/I2 and primary chondrocytes showed a reduced viability after treatment with concentrations of CBD greater than 4 µM. This apoptotic effect was accompanied by an increase of caspase 3/7 activity and an increase in the early apoptotic cell population. CBD elevated [Ca2+]i, which was accompanied by depolarization of the cell membrane potential. The increase of [Ca2+]i was abrogated, when Ca2+ was omitted from the bath solution, indicating an influx of extracellular Ca2+. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist AM251 inhibited the Ca2+ influx triggered by CBD. Preincubation with AM251 reduced the toxic effects of CBD. By looking for mediators of the apoptotic CBD effect downstream of the CB1 receptor, enhanced Erk1/2 phosphorylation could be detected after CBD treatment. However, this Erk1/2 activation proved to be unaffected by CB1 receptor blockage. The present study demonstrates that CBD promotes apoptosis and [Ca2+]i elevation in human articular chondrocytes via a CB1‐receptor‐mediated mechanism. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 37:2540–2549, 2019
Identification of Inflammatory Mediators in Tendinopathy Using a Murine Subacromial Impingement Model
Authors: Eliasberg Claire D. , Wada Susumu , Carballo Camila B. , Nakagawa Yusuke , Nemirov Daniel A. , Bhandari Reyna , Otero Miguel , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: August 2019

Subacromial impingement is associated with a spectrum of disorders—including rotator cuff disease—but their relationship is complex. We have established a novel murine model of subacromial impingement to study supraspinatus tendinopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in gene expression in this murine shoulder impingement model to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of tendinopathy. Twenty‐eight C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. All mice underwent bilateral surgery with insertion of a small metal clip in the subacromial space or a sham procedure. The supraspinatus tendons underwent histological analyses, biomechanical testing, and RNA extraction for multiplex gene expression analysis (NanoString, Seattle, WA). Histology demonstrated increased cellularity and disorganized collagen fibers of the supraspinatus tendon in the clip impingement group. Mean load to failure (5.20 vs. 1.50 N, p < 0.001) and mean stiffness (4.95 vs. 1.47 N/mm, p < 0.001) were lower in the impingement group than the sham group. NanoString analyses revealed 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the impingement and sham groups. DEGs of interest included Mmp3 (expression ratio [ER]: 2.68, p = 0.002), Tgfb1 (ER: 1.76, p = 0.01), Col3a1 (ER: 1.66, p = 0.03), and Tgfbr2 (ER: 1.53, p = 0.01). Statement of clinical significance: We identified 111 DEGs that may contribute to the development of tendinopathy in this model. Further studies of these specific genes will allow identification of their roles in the initiation and regulation of tendon damage, and their potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of rotator cuff disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2575–2582, 2019
Time analysis of alveolar ridge preservation using a combination of mineralized bone‐plug and dense‐polytetrafluoroethylene membrane: A histomorphometric study
Authors: Wen Shih‐Cheng , Barootchi Shayan , Huang Wen‐Xia , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2019

Background

The objective of this study was to histologically evaluate and compare vital bone formation, residual graft particles, and fraction of connective tissue (CT)/other tissues between three different time points at 2‐month intervals after alveolar ridge preservation with a cancellous allograft and dense‒polytetrafluoroethylene (d‐PTFE) membrane.

Methods

Ridge preservation with a cancellous allograft and d‐PTFE membrane was performed at 49 extraction sockets (one per patient). Volunteers were assigned to implant placement at three different time points of 2, 4, and 6 months, at which time core biopsies were obtained. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the percentages of vital bone, residual graft particles, and connective tissue/other non‐bone components, and subjected to statistical analyses.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of vital bone at every time point from 28.31% to 40.87% to 64.11% (at 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month groups, respectively) (P < 0.05). The percentage of residual graft particles ranged from 44.57% to 36.16% to 14.86%, showing statistical significance from 4 to 6 months (21.29%, P < 0.001), and 2 to 6 months (29.71%, P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences for the amount of CT/other tissue among the different time points.

Conclusions

This study provided the first histologic comparison of alveolar ridge preservation using a cancellous allograft and d‐PTFE membrane at three different time points. Extraction sockets that healed for 6 months produced the highest amount of vital bone in combination with the least percentage of residual graft particles, while similar results were observed for the fraction of CT/other tissues between the three time points.