bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights on fault reactivation during the 2019, Mw4.9 Le Teil earthquake in southeastern France, from a joint 3D geology and InSAR study
Authors: Marconato Léo , Leloup Philippe-Hervé , Lasserre Cécile , Caritg Séverine , Jolivet Romain , Grandin Raphaël , Cavalié Olivier , Métois Marianne , Audin Laurence
Published: March 2021

The 2019, Mw4.9 Le Teil earthquake occurred in southeastern France, causing important damage in a slow deforming region. Field based, remote sensing and seismological studies following the event revealed its very shallow depth, a rupture length of ~5 km with surface rupture evidences and a thrusting mechanism. We further investigate this earthquake by combining geological field mapping and 3D geology, InSAR time series analysis and coseismic slip inversion.

From structural, stratigraphic and geological data collected around the epicenter, we first produce a 3D geological model over a 70 km2 and 3 km deep zone surrounding the 2019 rupture, using the GeoModeller software. This model includes the geometry of the main faults and geological layers, and especially a geometry for La Rouvière Fault, an Oligocene normal fault likely reactivated during the earthquake.

We also generate a time series of the surface displacement by InSAR, based on Sentinel-1 data ranging from early January 2019 to late January 2020, using the NSBAS processing chain. The spatio-temporal patterns of the surface displacement for this limited time span show neither clear pre-seismic signal nor significant postseismic slip. We extract from the InSAR time series the coseismic displacement pattern, and in particular the along-strike slip distribution that shows spatial variations. The maximum relative displacement along the Line-Of-Sight is up to ~16 cm and is located in the southwestern part of the rupture.

We then invert for the slip distribution on the fault from the InSAR coseismic surface displacement field. We use a non-negative least square approach based on the CSI software and the fault surface trace defined in the 3D geological model, exploring the range of plausible fault dip values. Best-fitting dips range between 55° and 60°. Such values are slightly lower than those measured on La Rouvière Fault planes in the field. Our model confirms the reactivation of La Rouvière fault, with reverse slip at very shallow depth and two main slip patches reaching 30 cm and 24 cm of slip at 400-500m depth. We finally discuss how the 3D fault geometry and geological configuration could have impacted the slip distribution and propagation during the earthquake.

This study is a step to better quantify strain accumulation and assess the seismic hazard associated with other similar faults along the Cévennes fault system, in a densely populated area hosting several nuclear plants.
Seismic soil liquefaction under shallow founded structures and its mitigation in urban environments
Authors: Papadimitriou Achilleas , Tsepelidou Nikoletta , Sideris Alkis , Pavlopoulou Anastasia , Katsoularis Vaios
Published: March 2021

The large majority of existing studies of seismic liquefaction effects on structures considers them isolated, i.e., far from other structures. The same holds for design methods for liquefaction mitigation techniques. Hence, there is very little consideration for structure-soil-structure-interaction (SSSI) effects that appear unavoidable in urban environments. This paper explores numerically these SSSI effects for structures on surface foundations by performing fully coupled non-linear dynamic analyses with the finite difference method (FLAC) and a state-of-the-art constitutive model (NTUA-SAND) for the liquefaction response of loose, saturated granular soils. It shows that SSSI effects may prove both beneficial (e.g., settlement reduction) and detrimental (e.g., tilt apparition) depending on the dimensions, distance and static loading of the neighboring structures. These SSSI effects become more complex when ground improvement methods are used in one of the structures, but not its neighbors. By considering three alternative types of ground improvement that have a completely different rationale (perimetric walls, colloidal silica grouting, gravel columns), this paper also shows numerically that, regardless of its type, ground improvement in one structure may potentially prove detrimental to its neighboring unimproved structures (e.g., increase of tilt).
Quantifying variation of geomagnetic index empirical distribution and burst statistics across successive solar cycles.
Authors: Bergin Aisling , Chapman Sandra , Moloney Nicholas , Watkins Nicholas
Published: March 2021

Impacts of space weather include possible disruption to electrical power systems, aviation, communication systems, and satellite systems. The climate of space weather is modulated by the solar cycle. The overall level of solar activity, and the response at earth, varies within and between successive solar cycles. Quantifying space weather risk requires understanding how the occurrence frequency of events of a given size varies with the strength of each solar cycle.
    The auroral electrojet index (AE) is a geomagnetic index which parameterises high latitude geomagnetic response at earth. We consider non-overlapping 1 year samples of AE at different solar cycle phases. We use data-data quantile-quantile plots to identify the 75th quantile as the threshold between two physical components in the cumulative distribution function. The bulk of the distribution lies below the threshold, while above it is the long tail. The magnitude of 75th quantile threshold scales with overall solar cycle activity level. At solar maximum, the 75th quantile relates to events which exceed 160 - 350 nT. We find that above the 75th quantile of observed data records, there exists an underlying functional form for the tail of the cumulative distribution function which does not change from one solar maximum to the next.
    Bursts, or excursions above a fixed threshold in the AE index time series, characterise space weather events. We perform the first study of variation in AE burst statistics within and between the last four solar cycles. We will discuss burst statistics for solar cycle maximum, minimum and declining phases. We find that, for bursts above 75th quantile thresholds, the functional form of the burst return period distribution is stable over successive solar maxima. A key result of crossing theory is that time series-averaged burst return period and duration are related to each other via the cumulative distribution function of raw observations. If the overall amplitude of the upcoming solar maximum can be predicted, our results may be used to provide constraints on the upcoming distribution of event return times.
Evaluation of the impacts of climate change and land-use dynamics on water resources: The case of the Lobo River watershed: Central-Western Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Koffi Berenger , Kouadio Zilé Alex , Yao Affoué Berthe , Kouassi Kouakou Hervé , Angulo Martin Sanchez , Kouassi Kouakou Lazare
Published: March 2021

Meeting growing water needs in a context of increasing scarcity of resources due to climate change and changes in land use is a major challenge for developing countries in the coming years. The watershed of the Lobo river in Nibéhibé does not escape this dilemma. The water retention of the Lobo River and its watershed play an important role in the subsistence of the inhabitants of the region. However, the watershed is currently subject to strong human pressures mainly associated with the constant increase in human population and intensification of agricultural activities. The main objective of this study is to assess the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Lobo River watershed at Nibéhibé in the central-western part of Côte d'Ivoire. Two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were established using the regional climate model RCA4 (Rossby Centre atmospheric model 4) and the flows under these scenarios were simulated by the hydrological model CEQUEAU with respect to a reference period (1986-2005). The RCA4 regional model predicts an increase of 1.27° C; 2.58° C in the horizon 2021-2040 and 2051-2070 in mean annual temperature. Rainfall would also experience a significant average annual decrease of about 6.51% and 11.15% over the period 2021-2040 and 2041-2070. As for the evolution of flows, the Cequeau model predicts a decrease in the runoff and infiltration of water on the horizon 2021-2040 and an increase in evapotranspiration over time according to the RCP4.5 scenario. However, the model predicts an increase in runoff at the expense of a decrease in REE and infiltration at the horizon 2040-2070 according to scenario RCP8.5. It appears from this study that surface flows and infiltrations, which constitute the water resources available to meet the water needs of the basin's populations, will be the most affected. The results obtained in this study are important and could contribute to guide decision making for sustainable water resource management.
Controls of bio-modulated flocculation on the fate of microplastic pollution in river-estuary transition zones
Authors: Mendrik Freija , Fernández Roberto , Hackney Christopher , Waller Catherine , Dorrell Robert , Vasilopoulos Grigorios , Parsons Daniel
Published: March 2021

Plastic fragments floating on the surface of oceans represent less than 1% of plastic pollution entering these environments annually, with the fate of the remaining plastics largely unknown. There are several removal mechanisms that have been suggested for microplastics (<5mm) including ingestion by biota, biofouling and/or aggregation with organic material leading to flocculation and a change in particle density that can impact trajectory and fate of the material. Furthermore, despite the widespread recognition that rivers dominate the global flux of plastics to the ocean, there is a key knowledge gap regarding the behaviour of microplastics in transport and its pathways from rivers into the coastal zone, especially in regards to how biofilm formation and aggregation influence particle fate. This prevents progress in understanding microplastic dynamics and identifying zones of high accumulation, as well as curtailing the evolution of effective mitigation and policy measures. To predict transport, fate and biological interactions of microplastics in aquatic environments at a global scale, the factors that control these processes must be identified and understood.

A laboratory settling experiment was therefore conducted to recognise how different factors, including salinity, suspended sediment and biofilm formation influence microplastic particle settling velocities, and thus transport. The results presented herein explore the role of biofilms on the generation of microplastic flocs and the impact on buoyancy and settling velocities. Six different polymers were tested and compared including fragments and fibres. Settling velocities were then combined with field flow data from the Mekong River, one of the top global contributors to marine plastic pollution, allowing predictions of areas of microplastic fallout and hotspots. The results also highlight potential areas of ecological risk related to the dispersal and distribution of microplastics across the river-delta-coast system including the ecologically important Tonle Sap Lake. Future work involves further aligned fieldwork within the Mekong River that details the particulate flux and transport of microplastics throughout the vertical velocity profile.
Seismic interferometry from correlated noise sources
Authors: Ayala Daniella , Curtis Andrew , Branicki Michal
Published: March 2021

It is a well-established principle that cross-correlating seismic observations at different receiver locations yields new seismic responses that, under certain conditions, provide a useful estimate of the Green's function between the given receiver locations (that is, the medium response at one receiver location, had there been an impulsive source located at the other receiver). This principle, known as seismic interferometry, is a powerful technique that transforms previously discarded data such as seismic codas or background noise into useful signals that allow us to remotely illuminate subsurface Earth structures.

 

In practice it is often necessary and even desirable to rely on noise already present in the environment, since this type of seismic energy is freely and widely available in many regions around the globe.  Across many applications of ambient noise interferometry there exists a persistent assumption that the noise sources in question are uncorrelated in space and time, and that energy arrives at the receiver array more-less equally from all directions. That this assumption is so tenaciously made comes as no surprise since the underlying theory unambiguously requires that the noise sources be uncorrelated for interferometry to work.

 

However, many real-world noise sources such as trains or highway traffic are inherently correlated both in space and time, in direct contradiction to these theoretical foundations. Violating the uncorrelatedness condition makes the Green’s function and associated phases liable to estimation errors that so far have not been accounted for. We show that these errors are indeed significant for commonly used noise sources, in some cases completely obscuring the phase one wishes to retrieve. Furthermore, we perform analysis that explains why stacking has the potential to reduce these errors in the interferometric estimate, as well as some limitations of this approach. This analytical insight allowed us to develop a novel workflow that mitigates or even completely removes the spurious effects arising from the use of correlated noise sources. Our methodology can be used in conjunction with already existing approaches, and hence we expect it to be widely applicable in real life ambient noise studies.
The High Energy Telescope (HET) on the SolarOrbiter Mission: Overview and First Data
Authors: Xu Zigong , Freiherr von Forstner Johan L. , Kühl Patrick , Janitzek Nils , Martín César , Kulkarni Shrinivasrao R. , Böttcher Stephan I. , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco Javier , Mason Glenn M. , Ho George C. ,   Solar Orbiter EPD team
Published: March 2021

As part of the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite onboard Solar Orbiter, the High Energy Telescope has been launched on its mission to the Sun on February 9, 2020, and has been measuring energetic particles since it was first switched on about two weeks after launch. Using their double-ended telescopes, the two HET units provide measurements of ions above 7 MeV/nuc and electrons above 300 keV in four viewing directions. HET observed several Solar Energetic Particle (SEPs) events during the cruise phase, including the first one with a broad energy coverage (up to ~100MeV) on 29 Nov 2020. Being the first larger SEP event in a phase of rising solar activity, these measurements have already attracted extensive attention of the community. Apart from the SEPs, the HET can be used to observe the Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and its temporal variation. The GCR measurements can be also utilized for the validation of the energy response of HET. The overall spectra observed by HET are as expected, except for calibration issues in some specific energy bins that we are still investigating. Finally, the HET also observed several Forbush Decreases (FD), i.e. cosmic ray decreases caused by CMEs and their embedded magnetic field. Here, the capabilities and data products of HET, as well as first measurements of SEPs, GCR and FDs are presented. 
Freshwater salinisation: a global challenge with multiple causes and drastic consequences
Authors: Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel
Published: March 2021

Freshwater salinisation (FS) can be defined as the alteration of the salt concentrations and ion ratios in freshwater ecosystems. As evidence of the economic, environmental and societal impacts of FS mounts, the issue is receiving increasing attention from researchers, water managers and policy makers. A general consensus is emerging that FS is a global ecological and societal challenge that urgently requires effective management. However, there are still many unanswered questions that hamper our ability to make progress. In this talk I will tackle some of these questions. For example: Which human activities are contributing the most to FS in different regions of the world? How does FS interacts with other stressors (including climate change)? What is the effect of FS on trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning? Which are the economic costs and human health risks associated with FS? How should we monitor FS? Which technical and nature-based solutions are available to prevent and mitigate FS and to restore salinised ecosystems?
Volcanoes and ENSO: a re-appraisal with the Last Millennium Reanalysis
Authors: Zhu Feng , Emile-Geay Julien , Anchukaitis Kevin , Hakim Greg , Wittenberg Andrew , Morales Mariano , King Jonathan
Published: March 2021

The potential for explosive volcanism to affect the state of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been debated since the 1980s. Several observational studies, largely based on tree rings, have since found support for a positive ENSO phase in the year following large eruptions. Models of different complexities also simulate such a response, detectable above the backdrop of internal variability – though they disagree on the underlying mechanisms. In contrast, recent coral data from the heart of the tropical Paciﬁc suggest no uniform ENSO response to all eruptions over the last millennium. Here we leverage paleoclimate data assimilation to integrate the latest paleoclimate evidence into a consistent dynamical framework and re-appraise this relationship. Our analysis ﬁnds only a weak statistical association between volcanism and ENSO, suggestive of either no causal association, or of an insufﬁcient number of large volcanic events over the past millennium to obtain reliable statistics. While currently available observations do not support the model-based inference that tropical eruptions promote an ENSO response, there are hints of a response to hemispherically asymmetric forcing, consistent with the "ITCZ shift" mechanism. We discuss the difﬁculties of conclusively establishing a volcanic inﬂuence on ENSO given the many degrees of freedom affecting the response, including eruption season, spatial characteristics of the forcing, and ENSO phase preconditioning.
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Authors: Morozova Anna L. , Ribeiro Paulo , Pais M. Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal,
established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic
field elements for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime
inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the
relocation of the observatory have taken place. In our previous work (Morozova et
al., 2014) we performed homogenization – elimination of the artificial
changes – of the measured declination series (D) for the period from 1866
to 2006. In this paper we continue work on applying homogenization procedures
to the measured series of the absolute monthly values of the horizontal (H,
1866–2006), vertical (Z, 1951–2006) and inclination components (I,
1866–1941). After homogenization of all measured series for the 1866–2006
time interval, we performed the homogenization of the series of all
geomagnetic field elements (X, Y, Z, H, D, I and F) to the level of the 2015 epoch. Since all series except D have a gap of about 10 years in the
middle of the 20th century, splitting each of them into two, the
homogenization to the level of 2015 was done only for the series available
after 1951 (with the D series homogenized for the whole time interval of
1866–2015). The COI geomagnetic field elements are available via the
following addresses:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308022 (Ribeiro et al., 2020) for the original COI data (ASCII and XLSX formats) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308036 (Morozova et al., 2020) for the homogenized COI
data (ASCII and XLSX formats).
UV-Indien Network ground-based measurements: comparisons
with satellite and model estimates of UV radiation over the Western
Indian Ocean
Authors: Lamy Kevin , Portafaix Thierry , Brogniez Colette , Lakkala Kaisa , Pitkänen Mikko R. A. , Arola Antti , Forestier Jean-Baptiste , Amelie Vincent , Toihir Mohamed Abdoulwahab , Rakotoniaina Solofoarisoa
Published: March 2021

Abstract. As part of the UV-Indien Network, 9 ground-based stations have been equipped with one spectroradiometer, radiometers and all-sky cameras. These stations are homogeneously distributed in 5 countries of the Western Indian Ocean region (Comoros, France, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles), a part of the world where almost no measurements have been made so far. The main scientiﬁc objectives of this network are to study the annual and inter-annual variability of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in this area, to validate the output of numerical models and satellite estimates of ground-based UV measurements, and to monitor UV radiation in the context of climate change and projected ozone depletion in this region. The ﬁrst results are presented here for the oldest stations (Antananarivo, Anse Quitor, Mahé and Saint-Denis). Ground-based measurements of UV index (UVI) are compared against satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and model forecasts of UVI (Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) and Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The median relative differences between satellite or model estimates and ground-based measurements of clear-sky UVI range between −34.5 % and 15.8 %. Under clear skies, the smallest UVI median difference between the satellites or model estimates and the measurements of ground-based instruments is found to be 0.02 (TROPOMI), 0.04 (OMI), −0.1 (CAMS) and −0.4 (CAMS) at St-Denis, Antananarivo, Anse Quitor and Mahé respectively. The cloud fraction and UVI diurnal proﬁle are calculated for these four stations. The mean UVI values at local solar noon range between 10 (Antananarivo, Anse Quitor and Saint-Denis) and 14 at Mahé. The mean UVIs in clear-sky conditions are higher than mean UVI in all-sky conditions, although it can still be noted that UVI maxima are higher for all-sky conditions than for clear sky conditions. This is the result of UVI enhancement induced by clouds, observed at these four stations. The greatest increase in UV radiation under cloudy conditions was observed at the Mahé station, with increases of more than 4. The data used in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4572026 (Lamy and Portafaix, 2021).
RISCOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DOS ENFERMEIROS DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Celestino Lázaro Clarindo , Leal Laura Andrian , Ribeiro Beatriz Maria dos Santos Santiago , Dalri Rita de Cássia de Marchi Barcellos , Henriques Silvia Helena
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: analisar riscos psicossociais relacionados à carga, ao ritmo e à jornada de trabalho dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, no qual participaram 18 enfermeiros das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e, posteriormente, foi realizada análise temática indutiva. Resultados: identificaram-se como riscos psicossociais o desvio de função, o acúmulo de atividades, longas jornadas de trabalho e ritmo de trabalho acelerado, acarretando a exaustão física e mental dos profissionais. Conclusão: deve-se promover o exercício da reflexão de gestores de saúde sobre as cargas e jornadas de trabalho impostas aos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, repensando modelos de gestão participativa que os auxiliem no enfrentamento deste problema, incentivando o cumprimento das leis trabalhistas vigentes, além de sugerir possíveis estratégias pessoais e institucionais para eliminar ou minimizar os efeitos negativos dos riscos.
AUTOESTIMA EM GESTANTES DE RISCO: FATORES SOCIAIS E OBSTÉTRICOS CORRELACIONADOS
Authors: Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da , Cordeiro Eliana Lessa , Douberin Cristina Albuquerque , Lima Karla Roberta Leite de , Carvalho Ariel Dandara de , Silva Emilly Francine , Alves Jhordana Claryssa Calado , Silva Josenilda Gusmão da
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: correlacionar os fatores sociais e obstétricos com a Escala de Autoestima em gestantes de risco. Método:trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, tipo pesquisa de campo. Compôs-se a amostra por 112 gestantes de alto risco. Utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima Rosemberg, adaptada no Brasil por Hutz em 2000, bem como um questionário sobre questões socioeconômicas e obstétricas. Usaram-se, para a análise dos dados, um modelo ajustado de regressão univariada de Poisson e dois modelos multivariados e apresentados em forma de tabela. Resultados:verificou-se a apresentação dos resultados referentes a quatro variáveis significativas a 5%: nos modelos multivariados, a escolaridade até o Ensino Fundamental e, no univariado, a escolaridade e o número de cirurgias cesarianas. Conclusão: nota-se que os principais fatores que levam as gestantes de alto risco a desenvolverem uma autoestima baixa relacionam-se à baixa escolaridade, à falta de ocupação e a cirurgias cesarianas. Aponta-se que isso contribui para uma preocupação científica em se instituir tecnologias que promovam a melhoria do bem-estar físico e mental das gestantes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER-BASED NURSING DOCUMENTATION IN NURSING CARE IN HOSPITAL – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Siokal Brajakson
Published: March 2021

Background: Nurse population in hospitals has a greater proportion than other health workers. Nearly 60-70% of the total human resources available, occupied by nurses. In fact, 90% of the health services provided are a form of nursing service. Therefore, nursing service is a form of professional service that is the biggest indicator in realizing the quality of hospital services. One of the duties of nurses in providing nursing services in accordance with standards is to document all nursing care provided. Objective: To review journals about documenting computer-based nursing care in hospitals for the effectiveness of the preparation of nursing care. Methods: Quantitative, mixed-methods, and qualitative reviews that aim to evaluate the influence of computerized nursing documentation (eg, management, computerized decision support systems and information systems) on nursing care were included. We used the nursing care performance framework as an extraction grid and analytical tool. This model illustrates how the interplay between nursing resources and nursing services can produce changes in patient conditions. The primary outcomes included nurses' practice environment, nursing processes, professional satisfaction, and nursing-sensitive outcomes. The secondary outcomes included satisfaction or dissatisfaction with computerized nursing documentation according to nurses 'and patients' perspectives. Reviews published in English, French, or Spanish from January 1, 2000 to December 15, 2019, were considered.

Results: A total of 5515 titles or abstracts were assessed for eligibility and full-text papers of 72 articles were retrieved for detailed evaluation. It was found that 22 reviews published between 2002 and 2015 met the eligibility criteria. Many nursing care themes (ie, indicators) were influenced by the use of computerized nursing documentation, including time management; time spent on patient care; documentation time; information quality and access; quality of documentation; knowledge updating and utilization; nurse autonomy; intra and interprofessional collaboration; nurses' competencies and skills; nurse-patient relationship; assessment, care planning, and evaluation; teaching of patients and families; communication and care coordination; perspectives of the quality of care provided; nurses and patients satisfaction or dissatisfaction with computerized nursing documentation; patient comfort and quality of life related to care; empowerment; and functional status.
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Persetubuhan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak
Authors: Ardiansyah DM Andi , Sampara Said , Agis Abdul
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. dan pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian bahwa.) Penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak sama dengan penerapan sanksi pidana untuk orang dewasa karena menerapkan pidana penjara selama 8 bulan penjara. Pertimbangan hukum oleh hakim bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti melakukan persetubuhan akan tetapi hakim kurang memperhatikan asas legalitas dimana undang-undang tersebut berlaku setelah perbuatan pidana terjadi. Dengan pertimbangan penerapan undang-undang tersebut akan lebih adil baik bagi pelaku maupun korban yang masih berstatus anak.

The research objective was to analyze the application of criminal sanctions against sexual intercourse by children. and the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions on copulation committed by children. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. The results of the study show that.) The application of criminal sanctions against criminal acts of sexual intercourse committed by children is the same as the application of criminal sanctions for adults because of imprisonment for 8 months in prison. Legal consideration by the judge that the defendant has been proven to have intercourse, but the judge does not pay attention to the legality principle where the law applies after the criminal act has occurred. With the consideration that the application of this law will be fairer for both the perpetrator and the victim who is still a child.
Pengaruh Pendidikan, Pelatihan, dan Mutasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Sinjai
Authors: Yusmanto A.P.M , Nurwanah N.
Published: March 2021

The results of this study indicate that all the variables , namely : Education , Training , And Movements , have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on the performance of Civil Servants On the Regional Secretariat of Sinjai . Being partially found that training factors that have a significant influence most dominant performance of Civil Servants On Regional Secretariat Sinjai.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompensasi, dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros
Authors: Sehuddin Alamsyah , Semmaila Baharuddin , Alam Roslina
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menganalisis pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros; (2) Menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros, dan (3) Menganalisis lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 60 orang pegawai dari jumlah keseluruhan pegawai di Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Maros yaitu sebesar 10.303a dengan nilai hasil Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) =0,001<0,05. (2). Kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Maros yaitu sebesar 20.706a dengan nilai hasil Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) =0,000<0,05. (3) Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Maros yaitu sebesar 11.727a dengan nilai hasil Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) =0,001<0,05.
Au-Ag-Te–RICH MELT INCLUSIONS IN HYDROTHERMAL GOLD-QUARTZ VEINS, XIAOQINLING LODE GOLD DISTRICT, CENTRAL CHINA
Authors: Jian Wei , Mao Jingwen , Lehmann Bernd , Cook Nigel J. , Xie Guiqing , Liu Peng , Duan Chao , Alles Jonas , Niu Zhijian
Published: March 2021

We present petrographic and microthermometric evidence for precipitation of Au-Ag-Te–rich melt directly from hydrothermal fluids and subsequent entrapment as primary melt inclusions within pyrite from quartz veins of the Xiaoqinling lode gold district, southern margin of the North China craton. We propose the formation of Au-Ag-Te–rich melt through adsorption-reduction mechanisms on pyrite and subsequent growth of the melt nuclei via direct scavenging of metals from fluids. Because neither initial formation nor later growth of the melt require saturation of the ore fluid with respect to the constituent metals, this mechanism offers a new understanding of the enrichment of low-abundance ore components, such as gold. Our model may thus partly explain the discrepancy between the high gold solubilities reported from experimental studies and the much lower gold concentrations usually measured in natural fluids. This study also implies that Au-Ag-Te–rich melt has probably gone unrecognized in other lode gold deposits in which Au-Ag tellurides are present.
Rescheduling of Cancelled Elective Surgical Procedures Among Older Adults Post–COVID-19
Authors: Gonzalez Kaitlin , Trigo Sabrina , Miller Christine , Urajnik Diana
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has recently put a stop to elective surgical procedures across Canada, inherently compounding already lengthy waitlists that exist within most disciplines of surgery. These long waits for elective procedures within Canadian provinces have not been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; it is an acute-on-chronic issue that has been ex­acerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As hospitals begin to reschedule elective surgeries, patients are likely to be prioritized by clinical urgency using both established and newly created surgical triage severity scales. The objective of this commentary is to discuss issues related to the rebooking of elderly surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic within the context of northern medicine. Northern and rural hospitals may already face a multitude of barriers related to the rebooking of surgical patients due to a paucity of available surgical resources, as well as difficulties related to access­ing care at the local level. While current surgical rebooking tools have been developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, they fail to explore certain risks related to the older adult population which may lead to increased mortality and morbidity. Review of the literature indicates that redistribu­tion of surgical resources for older adults in the COVID-19 era will require consideration of clinical medical ethics vs. population health ethics regarding who should be prioritized in re-bookings for elective surgical procedures. This should be done in conjunction with encompassing surgical triage severity scales specifically made for older adults in the time of COVID-19.
Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure. Is Balloon Sizing Necessary?
Authors: Eshraghi Ali , Aghaei-Moghadam Ehsan , Zeinaloo Aliakbar , Malakan Rad Elaheh , Sayadpour Zanjani Keyhan , Ghalibafan Seyyedeh Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study compared the success rate of atrial septal defect device closure in children with and without balloon sizing during the procedure. Methods: This four-year, combined retrospective and prospective study was performed at a single center. All participants underwent transcatheter closure under transthoracic echocardiography and the success rate was analyzed considering the effect of balloon sizing. Results: Eighty-eight patients with a mean age of 6.48 ± 3.32 years were enrolled. Balloon sizing was performedor in 39 (44%) patients. It didn’t change the success rate compared to 49 (56%) patients without balloon sizing. Likewise, age and sex had no effect on thesuccess rate. However; the failure rate was higher in patients with larger defects. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that balloon sizing did not influence the success rate of atrial septal defect device closure, and a precise measurement by echocardiography can be as successful as balloon sizing.
Is Alvarado Score Helpful for Pediatrician in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis? Our Center Experience
Authors: Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Karimi Abdollah , Nassiri Mohammad , Mohajerzadeh Leily , Armin Shahnaz , Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Shiva Farideh , Fallah Fatemeh , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Sedighi Iraj , Sayyahfar Shirin , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Abdinia Babak , Heydari Hosein , Soleimani Gholamreza , Behpour Oskouee Mostafa , Soltani Jafar , Ahmadi Mehran , Kahbazi Manijeh , Hatefi Sayeh
Published: March 2021

Background: Many problems in the diagnosis of patients with suspected appendicitis have led to the design of clinical scoring systems. In children, diagnostics tools for appendicitis are more critical. Younger patients, diagnostic challenges become more. Practical scoring systems are useful without any particular material and necessitate novel ability. Objectives: However, in spite of the reported outstanding consequences, these scoring systems are not employed regularly. Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed from October 2016 to October 2017, ten provinces out of the 31 provinces in Iran were randomly selected. A total of 631 patients referring to the hospitals with the suspicion of acute appendicitis were assessed. Related variables such as age, sex, right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, migration of pain to RLQ, nausea, and presence of vomiting, anorexia, tenderness in RLQ and guarding, presence of rebound tenderness, and degree of fever were taken from recorded files by pediatricians. Alvarado scoring system was used for included cases to assess the accuracy of this test for diagnosis of appendicitis in our centers. Results: The mean age of eligible patients was 9.3 ± 3.21 years ranged from 3 years to 18 years, and 380 (60.5%) were male. Using the Alvarado score system in this study, considering the cut-off point value of 7 to decide for operation, the positive predictive value (PPV) showed 32.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.73%, with a sensitivity of 44.05% and, specificity of 66.95%. There were statistically no significant correlations among the scoring of the Alvarado and diagnosis of AA (P < 0.05). Regarding receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC), the area under curve (AUC) was 0.58 (0.54 to 0.63) for Alvarado. The AUC was very low, so there was no value for the diagnosis of appendicitis. According to the findings of the present study, the cut-off point of 4.5 is suggested for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 58%. Conclusions: Although the Alvarado scores supply obviously practical diagnostic information in the management of pediatric population with supposed appendicitis, this method delivers no adequate PPV for clinical practice as a safe way for determining necessary operation.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: March 2021

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Activation of Organ Abscission
Authors: Ma Chao , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Gao Junping
Published: March 2021

Abscission is a tightly regulated developmental process that initiates in response to endogenous and environmental cues. In an agricultural context, regulation of abscission has substantial effects on crop productivity and quality. Crop domestication often selected against abscission of the fruit, allowing easier harvesting. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abscission will, therefore, inform efforts to improve crop breeding and harvesting practices. In this article, we summarize our current knowledge of the various regulatory mechanisms involved in abscission. We first review the regulation of abscission zone cells as they acquire competence in response to abscission signals. We then summarize the regulation of abscission initiation, exploring the phytohormone signals, developmental factors, and environmental cues regulating the initiation of abscission.
Integrated Fluorescent Nanoprobe Design for High‐Speed In Vivo Two‐Photon Microscopic Imaging of Deep‐Brain Vasculature in Mice
Authors: Takezaki Minami , Kawakami Ryosuke , Onishi Shozo , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun , Imamura Takeshi , Hadano Shingo , Watanabe Shigeru , Niko Yosuke
Published: March 2021

High‐speed two‐photon microscopy can be used to analyze vascular dynamics in living animals and is essential for the understanding of brain diseases. Recent advances in fluorescent probes/optical systems have allowed successful imaging of the hippocampal vasculature in the deep brain of mice (1 mm from the brain surface) under low‐speed conditions (1–2 fps); however, using high‐speed techniques (>30 fps), observation of the deep‐brain vasculature is still challenging. Here, a new nanoemulsion that encapsulates thousands of red‐emissive pyrene dye molecules while maintaining their high two‐photon brightness [1.5 × 102 GM (GM = 10−50 cm4·s·photon−1·molecule−1) at 960 nm excitation] and delivers a large amount of such pyrene dyes (65 nmol) into the blood vessels of mice is developed. Remarkably, the nanoprobe is found to exploit the inherent performance of a commonly used Ti:sapphire excitation laser and a sensitive gallium arsenide phosphide nondescanned fluorescence detector to the limit, enabling visualization of the brain vasculature under the cortex region of mice (up to 1.5 mm) under very low‐speed conditions. As a highlight, such a nanoprobe is successfully used to directly observe the blood flow in the hippocampal CA1 region (1.1 mm) through high‐speed resonant scanning (120 fps).
Insight into the Synergistic Effect of N, S Co‐Doping for Carbon Coating Layer on Niobium Oxide Anodes with Ultra‐Long Life
Authors: Cheng Xing , Ran Fanmin , Huang Yanfei , Zheng Runtian , Yu Haoxiang , Shu Jie , Xie Ying , He Yan‐Bing
Published: March 2021

Multi‐heteroatoms co‐doped carbon coating can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and mass transfer rate of the electrode materials due to the synergistic effect. In this study N, S co‐doped carbon coating is introduced on the surface of niobium oxides (GNO@NSC) by using a convenient thiourea evaporation method. Theory calculations and experimental results confirm the synergistic effect of N, S co‐doping in GNO@NSC composite. N, S co‐doping not only enlarges the layer distance of the carbon materials but also leads to more activation sites for lithium storage; meanwhile, the introduction of the co‐doping carbon layer on GNO significantly enhances the bonding interaction with GNO, leading to excellent structural stability and conductivity of the composite. As a result, the GNO@NSC composite possesses excellent structural reversibility, a large specific capacity, and high‐rate performance. GNO@NSC nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 288 mAh g–1 and display excellent cycling stability, and its capacity retention is 78.9% after 6000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g–1. This study reveals the functional mechanism of N, S co‐doped carbon coating and the origin of performance improvement of niobium oxides, which can be used for reference to design and develop relevant materials.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Near Unit Internal Quantum Efficiency at Low Temperatures
Authors: He Yarong , Yan Jiaxu , Xu Lei , Zhang Bangmin , Cheng Qian , Cao Yu , Zhang Ju , Tao Cong , Wei Yingqiang , Wen Kaichuan , Kuang Zhiyuan , Chow Gan Moog , Shen Zexiang , Peng Qiming , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: March 2021

Room‐temperature‐high‐efficiency light‐emitting diodes based on metal halide perovskite FAPbI3are shown to be able to work perfectly at low temperatures. A peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 32.8%, corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of 100%, is achieved at 45 K. Importantly, the devices show almost no degradation after working at a constant current density of 200 mA m−2for 330 h. The enhanced EQEs at low temperatures result from the increased photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of the perovskite, which is caused by the increased radiative recombination rate. Spectroscopic and calculation results suggest that the phase transitions of the FAPbI3play an important role for the enhancement of exciton binding energy, which increases the recombination rate.
Efficient Electron Transport Layer Free Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Superior Device Stability
Authors: Bin Haijun , Wang Junke , Li Junyu , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: March 2021

Electron transport layers (ETLs) placed between the electrodes and a photoactive layer can enhance the performance of organic solar cells but also impose limitations. Most ETLs are ultrathin films, and their deposition can disturb the morphology of the photoactive layers, complicate device fabrication, raise cost, and also affect device stability. To fully overcome such drawbacks, efficient organic solar cells that operate without an ETL are preferred. In this study, a new small‐molecule electron donor (H31) based on a thiophene‐substituted benzodithiophene core unit with trialkylsilyl side chains is designed and synthesized. Blending H31 with the electron acceptor Y6 gives solar cells with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 13% with and without 2,9‐bis[3‐(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]anthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d′e′f ′]diisoquinoline‐1,3,8,10(2H,9H)‐tetrone (PDINO) as the ETL. The ETL‐free cells deliver a superior shelf life compared to devices with an ETL. Small‐molecule donor–acceptor blends thus provide interesting perspectives for achieving efficient, reproducible, and stable device architectures without electrode interlayers.
Bioinspired Soft Robots Based on the Moisture‐Responsive Graphene Oxide
Authors: Liu Yu‐Qing , Chen Zhao‐Di , Han Dong‐Dong , Mao Jiang‐Wei , Ma Jia‐Nan , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: March 2021

Graphene oxide (GO), which has many oxygen functional groups, is a promising candidate for use in moisture‐responsive sensors and actuators due to the strong water–GO interaction and the ultrafast transport of water molecules within the stacked GO sheets. In the last 5 years, moisture‐responsive actuators based on GO have shown distinct advantages over other stimuli‐responsive materials and devices. Particularly, inspired by nature organisms, various moisture‐enabled soft robots have been successfully developed via rational assembly of the GO‐based actuators. Herein, the milestones in the development of moisture‐responsive soft robots based on GO are summarized. In addition, the working mechanisms, design principles, current achievement, and prospects are also comprehensively reviewed. In particular, the GO‐based soft robots are at the forefront of the advancement of automatable smart devices.