bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Pyridine‐Containing Crowned Fused Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Rawat Nisha , Ojha Belarani , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: March 2022

New examples of nonaromatic fused expanded porphyrins containing both pyridine and crown ether moiety as a part of macrocyclic framework were synthesized by condensing pyridine based pentapyrrane with polyether‐based diol in CH2Cl2 in the presence of one equivalent of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 under inert conditions followed by oxidation with DDQ in open air. The condensation was expected to form pyridine‐containing crowned expanded porphyrins but resulted in the formation of fused crowned expanded porphyrins due to intramolecular fusion of two pyrrole nitrogens with two adjacent inverted thiophene carbons as revealed by X‐ray crystallography obtained for one of the macrocycle. HRMS and NMR studies supported the formation of fused crowned pyridine containing expanded porphyrins, and the macrocycles showed simple, well‐resolved NMR spectra where all resonances were identified easily by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The macrocycles exhibited typical nonaromatic absorption features and showed one broad band with peak maxima at 535 nm and one or two shoulder bands in the higher energy region. The protonation studies resulted in clear colour change from purple to blue and absorption bands experienced bathochromic shifts with a broad band at 662 nm which was extended up to 800 nm. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles were easier to oxidize but difficult to reduce. DFT studies indicated that the macrocycle attains a very puckered and distorted ‘U’ shaped structure owing to the flexibility of the crown ether chain and TD‐DFT studies corroborated experimental results. The preliminary studies indicated that the macrocycles could be used as colorimetric optical sensor for the detection of Cu2+ ion.
Halifax Water's Lead Service Line Replacement Program Gets the Lead Out
Authors: Krkošek Wendy , Healey Melissa , Sampson Caitlin , McKnight Adam
Published: March 2022

Key Takeaways

Halifax, N.S., has been addressing concerns over lead in its water supply since the 1940s. Today, there are about 3,500 private‐side lead service lines (LSLs) in Halifax Water's service area.

Research findings have guided Halifax Water in examining and modifying its approaches to LSL replacement, corrosion control, and sampling protocol.

Motivated by recommended US Lead and Copper Rule revisions, Halifax Water updated its lead removal program and later its Get the Lead Out program to be even more comprehensive.
Bioprinting small‐diameter vascular vessel with endothelium and smooth muscle by the approach of two‐step crosslinking process
Authors: Jin Qianheng , Jin Guangzhe , Ju Jihui , Xu Lei , Tang Linfeng , Fu Yi , Hou Ruixing , Atala Anthony , Zhao Weixin
Published: March 2022

Three‐dimensional bioprinting shows great potential for autologous vascular grafts due to its simplicity, accuracy, and flexibility. The 6‐mm‐diameter vascular grafts are used in clinic. However, producing small‐diameter vascular grafts are still an enormous challenge. Normally, sacrificial hydrogels are used as temporary lumen support to mold tubular structure which will affect the stability of the fabricated structure. In this study, we have developed a new bioprinting approach to fabricating small‐diameter vessel using two‐step crosslinking process. The ¼ lumen wall of bioprinted gelatin mechacrylate (GelMA) flat structure was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light briefly for gaining certain strength, while ¾ lumen wall showed as concave structure which remained uncrosslinked. Precrosslinked flat structure was merged towards the uncrosslinked concave structure. Two individual structures were combined tightly into an intact tubular structure after receiving more UV exposure time. Complicated tubular structures were constructed by these method. Notably, the GelMA‐based bioink loaded with smooth muscle cells are bioprinted to form the outer layer of the tubular structure and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded onto the inner surface of the tubular structure. A bionic vascular vessel with dual layers was fabricated successfully, and kept good viability and functionality. This study may provide a novel idea for fabricating biomimetic vascular network or other more complicated organs.
Portable hand‐held bioprinters promote in situ tissue regeneration
Authors: Pazhouhnia Zahra , Beheshtizadeh Nima , Namini Mojdeh Salehi , Lotfibakhshaiesh Nasrin
Published: March 2022

Three‐dimensional bioprinting, as a novel technique of fabricating engineered tissues, is positively correlated with the ultimate goal of regenerative medicine, which is the restoration, reconstruction, and repair of lost and/or damaged tissue function. The progressive trend of this technology resulted in developing the portable hand‐held bioprinters, which could be used quite easily by surgeons and physicians. With the advent of portable hand‐held bioprinters, the obstacles and challenges of utilizing statistical bioprinters could be resolved. This review attempts to discuss the advantages and challenges of portable hand‐held bioprinters via in situ tissue regeneration. All the tissues that have been investigated by this approach were reviewed, including skin, cartilage, bone, dental, and skeletal muscle regeneration, while the tissues that could be regenerated via this approach are targeted in the authors' perspective. The design and applications of hand‐held bioprinters were discussed widely, and the marketed printers were introduced. It has been prospected that these facilities could ameliorate translating the regenerative medicine science from the bench to the bedside actively.
Successful leaders support the growth of other leaders
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2022

Patti Phillips has always been all about helping women grow. In fact, while serving as CEO of Women Leaders in College Sports for the past 12 years, the organization had a triple‐digit growth in membership and a 250% growth in attendance at its National Convention.
Novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the P5′N‐1 coding gene as an alternative cause for hereditary anemia with basophilic stippling
Authors: Kirschner Martin , Heinen Inga Rebecca , Koschmieder Steffen , Manco Licinio , Bento Celeste , Eggermann Thomas , Kurth Ingo , Jost Edgar , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Fuchs Roland
Published: March 2022

Hereditary pyrimidine 5‐nucleotidase (P5′N‐1) deficiency is a very rare disorder. Here, we describe a new mutation in a Turkish family. Although functional tests have not been performed, our findings confirm that the homozygous mutational state leads to clinical manifest P5′N‐1 deficiency, while heterozygosity does not lead to hemolysis or anemia.
Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma in a young man: A case report from Jordan
Authors: Alzawahreh Mohammad Kh. , Al‐Tammemi Ala'a B. , Al‐Shalah Mustafa I. , Abuebeid Ahmad , Manaserh Zaid , Alhroub Baha'a , Badawi Moath O. , Abu‐Zanouneh Anas M. , Malkawi Maen
Published: March 2022

Giant Multilocular Prostatic Cystadenoma (GMPC) is one of the rare benign tumors of the prostate. This report presents a case of a young man who has been recently diagnosed with GMPC. Our report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment, considering the overlapping symptoms with other common urinary conditions.
Tödliches Tandem
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: March 2022

Insektenpathogene Fadenwürmer ernähren sich unter anderem von Insektenlarven. Dazu dringen sie in ihre Opfer ein und infizieren sie mit ihren eigenen Darmbakterien. Letztere produzieren eine Vielzahl an Giftstoffen, um die Larve zu töten und für den Fadenwurm verwertbar zu machen.
Repetitive milrinone therapy in ambulatory advanced heart failure patients
Authors: Laufer‐Perl Michal , Sadon Sapir , Zahler David , Milwidsky Assi , Sadeh Ben , Sapir Orly , Granot Yoav , Korotetski Liuba , Ketchker Liora , Rosh Maayan , Banai Shmuel , Havakuk Ofer
Published: March 2022

Background

Advanced heart failure (HF) patients usually poorly tolerate guideline‐directed HF medical therapy (GDMT) and suffer high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of continuous inotropes in the outpatient settings is hampered by previous data showing excess morbidity. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of repetitive, intermittent, short‐term intravenous milrinone therapy in advanced HF patients with an intention to introduce and up‐titrate GDMT and improve functional class.

Hypothesis

Repetitive, intermittent milrinone therapy may assist with the stabilization of advanced HF patients.

Methods

Advanced HF patients treated with beta‐blockers and implanted with defibrillators were initiated with repetitive, intermittent short‐term intravenous milrinone therapy at our HF outpatient unit. Patients were prospectively followed with defibrillator interrogation, functional class assessment, B‐natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and echocardiography parameters.

Results

The cohort included 24 patients with a mean 330 ± 240 days of milrinone therapy exposure. Mean age was 73 ± 6 years with male predominance (96%). Following milrinone therapy, median BNP levels decreased significantly (882 [286−3768] to 631 [278−1378] pg/ml, p = .017) with a significant reduction in the number of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III and IV (p = .012, 0.013) and an increase in number of patients on GDMT. Importantly, the number of total sustained ventricular tachycardia events and HF hospitalizations did not change.

Conclusions

In this small cohort of advanced HF, repetitive, intermittent, short‐term milrinone therapy was found to be safe and potentially efficacious.
Atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with Lenvatinib therapy in a patient with metastatic thyroid cancer—A case report
Authors: Abhishek Mahajan , Renuka Ashtekar , Ujjwal Agarwal , Amit Choudhari , Vijay Patil , Vanita Noronha , Nandini Menon , Kumar Prabash
Published: March 2022

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of reversible subcortical vasogenic brain oedema in patients with acute neurological symptoms. Drug‐induced PRES has been described with the usage of drugs that target receptors regulating vascular permeability or altering immune response. Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors implicated in cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions. The oedema associated with PRES is a consequence of disruption of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. Herein, we present a case of a 77‐year‐old lady who was on treatment with Lenvatinib for metastatic thyroid cancer who subsequently developed PRES. Her clinical and radiological findings improved after discontinuing Lenvatinib and the patient was switched to a different drug and remains asymptomatic on the same. This is the first such report of atypical findings of PRES in a patient on Lenvatinib therapy. Recognition of this entity is crucial for timely withdrawal of the drug and prevent further morbidity and mortality.
Pairwise association of key lifestyle factors and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective pooled multicohort study
Authors: Roos Eira , Seppä Karri , Pietiläinen Olli , Ryynänen Heidi , Heikkinen Sanna , Eriksson Johan G. , Härkänen Tommi , Jousilahti Pekka , Knekt Paul , Koskinen Seppo , Laaksonen Maarit , Männistö Satu , Roos Teemu , Rahkonen Ossi , Malila Nea , Pitkäniemi Janne ,   The METCA Study Group
Published: March 2022

Background

Several lifestyle factors are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although lifestyle factors co‐occur, in most previous studies these factors have been studied focusing upon a single risk factor or assuming independent effects between risk factors.

Aim

To examine the pairwise effects and interactions of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI) with risk of subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods and results

We used METCA cohort data (pooled data from seven population‐based Finnish health behavior survey studies during years 1972–2015) consisting of 171 063 women and men. Participants' smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and BMI measures were gathered, and participants were categorized into those exposed and those not exposed. The incidence of CRC was modeled by Poisson regression with main and interaction effects of key lifestyle factors.

The cohort members were followed‐up through register linkage to the Finnish Cancer Registry for first primary CRC case until the end of 2015. Follow‐up time was 1715, 690 person years.

The highest pairwise CRC risk was among male smokers who had overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.36–2.26) and women who had overweight and consumed alcohol (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14–1.85). Overall, among men the association of lifestyle factors and CRC risk was stronger than among women. In men, both having overweight and being a smoker combined with any other adverse lifestyle factor increased CRC risk. Among women, elevated CRC risks were observed for those who were physically inactive and who consumed alcohol or had overweight. No statistically significant interactions were detected between pairs of lifestyle factors.

Conclusions

This study strengthens the evidence of overweight, smoking, and alcohol consumption as CRC risk factors. Substantial protective benefits in CRC risk can be achieved by preventing smoking, maintaining BMI to <25 kg/m2and not consuming alcohol.
Elucidating 2D Charge‐Density‐Wave Atomic Structure in an MX–Chain by the 3D‐ΔPair Distribution Function Method
Authors: Guérin Laurent , Yoshida Takefumi , Zatterin Edoardo , Simonov Arkadiy , Chernyshov Dmitry , Iguchi Hiroaki , Toudic Bertrand , Takaishi Shinya , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: March 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Masahiro Yamashita's group at Tohoku University and designed by Dr. Laurent Guérin at University of Rennes 1. The image illustrates that the atomic structure of a 2D charge density wave can be revealed although the planes associated to this local 2D order are randomly stacked preventing the use of conventional structure determination techniques. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100857.
Creating Hybrid Coordination Environment in Fe‐Based Single Atom Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Wang Lei , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Chen Datong , Zhang Yongkang , Yang Dexin , Yan Ning , Yu Fengshou
Published: March 2022

Tailoring the local chemistry environment to optimize the geometric and electronic properties of single atom catalysts has received much attention recently. Yet, most efforts have been devoted to establishing the preferable binding between the solid support and the single metal atom. In this work, a hybrid coordination environment was created for Fe‐based single atom catalysts, comprising inorganic anchoring site from the support and organic ligands from the precursor. Using N,S co‐doped graphene oxide as the support, Fe phthalocyanine was selectively anchored by the N/S sites, creating the unique N/S−Fe−N4active sites as evidenced by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and Mössbauer spectrometry. Compared with other analogues with different metal centers or support, N/S−Fe−N4showed much improved activity in oxygen reduction reaction, delivering onset and half‐wave potentials of 1.02 and 0.94 V. This was superior over the state‐of‐the‐art 20 wt % Pt/C and the classic Fe−N4carbon catalysts. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the interaction between phthalocyanine ligands and heteroatom dopant from the support pushed electrons of Fe site topara‐position, facilitating O2adsorption and activation. This work shows the exciting opportunities of creating a hybrid coordination environment in single atom catalysts and paves a new avenue of improving their catalytic performance.
A PVT power immune compact 65 nm CMOS CSP design with a leakage current compensation feedback for CdZnTe/CdTe sensors dedicated to PET applications
Authors: Yannick Hertz Pancha , Kamdem Jerome Folla , Sidze Laure Vanessa Noumbissi , Tafo Evariste Wembe , Zobo Bernard Essimbi
Published: March 2022

Power consumption and image resolution are the major concerned while designing modern readout integrated circuits (ROICs) of Cadmium‐Telluride (CdTe)/Cadmium‐Zinc‐Telluride (CdZnTe) sensors for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) applications. The key ROIC element, namely, preamplifier, must be monolithically integrated to the sensor chip and should guarantee low noise, low power, and high linearity along with assuring higher conversion gain and less chip area. A power immune, linear charge sensitive preamplifier (CSP) with a custom leakage current compensation feedback for (CdTe)/CdZnTe sensors is designed. A maximum power consumption of 120 μW, stable against process voltage and temperature (PVT) variations, is achieved. The compensation module cancels out current noise generated at the output of the circuit, lowering the power spectral density of about 84.26% than that of similar architectures, thus improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at the CSP output by a factor of 6.31. In turns, it injects about 100 pA of input direct‐current (DC) current and compensates the sensor leakage current therefore. Two input dynamics of (0.25–10) and (10.01–20)fC are achieved, providing two conversion factors of 23.06 and 19.00 mV/fC with 2.4% and 0.58% nonlinearity errors, respectively, using 1 pF sensor capacitance. Noise performance of the circuit is improved with 47.5 e‐rms and 62.46e−rms of equivalent noise charge (ENC) depending upon the input dynamic. The design is validated by Monte Carlo simulations and PVT analysis implemented in 65 nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, assuring a chip area of only 0.000246 mm2.
A novel approach on energy‐efficient clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Elizebeth Zachariah Ushus , Kuppusamy Lakshmanan
Published: March 2022

Wireless sensor networks are group of nodes capable enough to communicate with other nodes wherever they are deployed. The demanding need for a wireless sensor network in various fields of monitoring and tracking has gained more popularity in recent years. However, as sensor nodes have limited and dissipating battery power, energy conservation is a critical challenge in wireless sensor networks. Clustering is one of the promising methodologies to reduce the consumption of energy. This paper presents a cluster‐based routing algorithm for transferring the data to the base station. The algorithm uses thek‐means approach to select the clusters. Each cluster consists of two cluster heads, one for aggregating the data and the other for data transmission; thereby, they share the load and improve the network lifetime. The data are sent to the base station by a multi‐hop approach. For energy efficiency, a minimum cost path is chosen by considering the energy and distance. Simulations are implemented in NS2. The results obtained show that the proposed protocol is more efficient than the benchmarked algorithms in network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, throughput, total energy consumption, and end to end delay.
Simvastatin is associated with superior lipid and glycaemic control to atorvastatin and reduced levels of incident Type 2 diabetes, in men and women, in the UK Biobank
Authors: English Andrew R. , Prasad Bodhayan , McGuigan Declan H. , Horigan Geraldine , O’Kane Maurice , Bjourson Anthony J. , Shukla Priyank , Kelly Catriona , McClean Paula L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Statins reduce low‐density lipoproteins and positively affect CVD outcomes. Statin type and dose have differential effects on glycaemia and risk of incident T2DM; however, the impact of gender, and of individual drugs within the statin class, remains unclear.

Aim

To compare effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on lipid and glycaemic control in men and women with and without T2DM, and their association with incident T2DM.

Methods

The effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin on lipid and glycaemic control was assessed in the T2DM DiaStrat cohort. Prescribed medications, gender, age, BMI, diabetes duration, blood lipid profile and HbA1c were extracted from Electronic Care Record, and compared in men and women prescribed simvastatin and atorvastatin. Analyses were replicated in the UKBiobank in those with and without T2DM. The association of simvastatin and atorvastatin with incident T2DM was also investigated in the UKBiobank. Cohorts where matched for age, BMI and diabetes duration in men and women, in the UKBioBank analysis, where possible.

Results

Simvastatin was associated with better LDL (1.6 ± 0.6 vs 2.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L, p < .01) and total cholesterol (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 4.2 ± 1.0 mmol/L, p < .05), and glycaemic control (62 ± 17 vs 67 ± 19 mmol/mol, p < .059) than atorvastatin specifically in women in the DiaStrat cohort. In the UKBiobank, both men and women prescribed simvastatin had better LDL (Women: 2.6 ± 0.6 vs 2.6 ± 0.7 mmol/L, p < .05; Men: 2.4 ± 0.6 vs 2.4 ± 0.6, p < .01) and glycaemic control (Women:54 ± 14 vs 56 ± 15mmol/mol, p < .05; Men, 54 ± 14 vs 55 ± 15 mmol/mol, p < .01) than those prescribed atorvastatin. Simvastatin was also associated with reduced risk of incident T2DM in both men and women (p < .0001) in the UKBiobank.

Conclusions

Simvastatin is associated with superior lipid and glycaemic control to atorvastatin in those with and without T2DM, and with fewer incident T2DM cases. Given the importance of lipid and glycaemic control in preventing secondary complications of T2DM, these findings may help inform prescribing practices.
Resident memory CD4+ T lymphocytes mobilize from bone marrow to contribute to a systemic secondary immune reaction
Authors: Cendón Carla , Du Weijie , Durek Pawel , Liu Yuk‐Chien , Alexander Tobias , Serene Lindsay , Yang Xinyi , Gasparoni Gilles , Salhab Abdulrahman , Nordström Karl , Lai Tina , Schulz Axel R. , Rao Anna , Heinz Gitta A. , Stefanski Ana L. , Claußnitzer Anne , Siewert Katherina , Dörner Thomas , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Romagnani Chiara , Qin Zhihai , Hardt Sebastian , Perka Carsten , Reinke Simon , Walter Jörn , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin , Thurley Kevin , Radbruch Andreas , Dong Jun
Published: March 2022

Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM) of epithelial tissues and the Bm protect their host tissue. To what extent these cells are mobilized and contribute to systemic immune reactions is less clear. Here, we show that in secondary immune reactions to the measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine, CD4+ TRM are mobilized into the blood within 16 to 48 h after immunization in humans. This mobilization of TRM is cognate: TRM recognizing other antigens are not mobilized, unless they cross‐react with the vaccine. We also demonstrate through methylome analyses that TRM are mobilized from the Bm. These mobilized cells make significant contribution to the systemic immune reaction, as evidenced by their T‐cell receptor Vβ clonotypes represented among the newly generated circulating memory T‐cells, 14 days after vaccination. Thus, TRM of the Bm confer not only local, but also systemic immune memory.
Supramolecular Assemblies and Reversible De‐/ Rehydration in One‐Dimensional Dimethyltin Carboxylates
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Dubey Archishmati , Jakhar Ekta , Chauhan Priyanka , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele
Published: March 2022

The study presents the synthesis and structural aspects of a new family of dimethyltin carboxylates, [(Me2Sn)2(btec)(bipy)(H2O)] ⋅ 4H2O (1), [Me2Sn(btec)0.5(bipy)]2 ⋅ H2O (2), [Me2Sn(btec)0.5(bipy)] ⋅ 3H2O ⋅ 0.5bipy (3) and [Me2Sn(btec)0.5(phen)] (4) derived from 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btec). The structure in each case adopts a one‐dimensional motif featuring ditin macrocycles with 2,2'‐bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) acting as the chelating ligand. For 1, the lattice water molecules in association with the framework form infinite T4(0)A(1) water chains. The organic hydrate, bipy ⋅ 6H2O in 3 adopts a layered structure comprising T4(2)6(2) water tapes and trans‐bipy. Dehydration of 2 to 2 a results in crystal structure transformation from centrosymmetric P21/c (in 2) to chiral P212121 space group and reveals conformational changes in the ditin macrocycles from chair to boat form. The reversibility of this transformation has been supported by TGA, PXRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray studies.
Construction of Sensor for Submicromolar Detection of Riboflavin by Surface Modification of SPCE with Thermal Degradation Products of Nickel Acetate Tetrahydrate
Authors: Ognjanović Miloš , Stanković Dalibor M. , Jaćimović Željko K. , Kosović‐Perutović Milica , Mariano José F. M. L. , Krehula Stjepko , Musić Svetozar , Antić Bratislav
Published: March 2022

Nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NAT) sample series were used to modify screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). The samples were hybrid Ni/NiO nanocomposites, where the NiO phase increased with an applied treatment temperature. Results of electrochemical measurements pointed that the Ni/NiO550/SPCE‐modified electrode had the best analytical performance toward the detection of riboflavin (RF). The Ni/NiO550/SPCE‐based sensor showed linear response with RF in the concentration range of 0.5–75 μM and 0.15 μM LOD in BRBS. Sensor offered fast response time, good repeatability, and selectivity with an RSD of 1.4 %. Our results show that the Ni:NiO nanocomposite ratio strongly influenced the electroanalytical performance of SPCE.
An efficient modulation classification method using signal constellation diagrams with convolutional neural networks, Gabor filtering, and thresholding
Authors: Abdel‐Moneim Mohamed A. , Al‐Makhlasawy Rasha M. , Abdel‐Salam Bauomy Nariman , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , El‐Shafai Walid , Farghal Ahmed E. A. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: March 2022

Recently, automatic modulation classification (AMC) has extensively and commonly been utilized in several modern wireless communication systems as a significant tool of signal detection for civilian and military applications and cognitive radio systems. Although several methods have been established to identify the modulation scheme of a received signal, they show a difficulty of learning radio characteristics for most conventional machine learning algorithms. This article focuses on the deep learning (DL) classification technique to solve these problems. To improve the classification accuracy of a communication signal modulation type, we apply a new model that combines Gabor filtering and thresholding with the help of convolution filters implemented in DL. A basic convolutional neural network, AlexNet, and a residual neural network are used for being compatible with constellation diagrams in order to achieve a superior classification performance. Moreover, the Gabor filter can effectively extract spatial information, including edges and textures. In terms of classification accuracy, the proposed AMC system improves the signal modulation classification accuracy significantly, and achieves competitive results. We use seven modulation types over the range of signal‐noise ratio (SNR) values from −10 to 30 dB. The performed experiments reveal that the proposal guarantees a remarkable classification accuracy of approximately 100% at a 10 dB SNR over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. Therefore, to prove the functional viability of our proposed method, it can be applied in adaptive modulators that can be used in many devices in applications such as Internet‐of‐Things (IoT).
Function‐preserving surgery via single transverse cervical incision for Warthin's tumor in the parotid gland
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel
Published: March 2022

Background

This study evaluated functional and disease control outcomes after gland‐preserving surgery via a single transverse cervical incision for Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland.

Methods

One‐hundred eleven patients with Warthin's tumor underwent the preservation of most normal parotid tissues and the facial nerve combined with the en‐bloc resection of tumors. Postoperative complications, subjective satisfaction, salivary function, and metachronous tumor were assessed in each patient.

Results

No patients had an extension to modified Blair or periauricular incision with the median operation time of 32 min. Temporary and permanent paralysis of the facial nerve was 5 (4.0%) and none of 125 tumor resection sides, respectively. Postoperative complications were minimal. The secretory functions between the affected and unaffected glands did not differ. One patient had metachronous tumor for a median follow‐up of 72 months.

Conclusion

Functional gland‐preserving surgery via single transverse cervical incision can safely treat Warthin's tumor in the parotid gland.
Restoring soil water content after alfalfa and Korshinsk peashrub conversion to cropland and grassland
Authors: Ge Jiamin , Fan Jun , Yang Xueting , Luo Zhanbin , Zhang Shougang , Yuan Hongyou
Published: March 2022

The introduction of Korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as restorative vegetation in the Loess Plateau, China has resulted in the widespread occurrence of a dried soil layer (DSL). Soil water recovery with respect to the soil water content (SWC) following the occurrence of a DSL (i.e., DSL‐SWC recovery time) and the effect of the number of planting years of restorative vegetation on soil water recovery have received little attention. The aim of this study was to investigate soil water dynamics after vegetation conversion (include three fields of converting cropland with soybean or millet into alfalfa land, three fields of converting alfalfa land into soybean land or four fields of converting peashrub land into natural grassland) in the Liudaogou watershed in a water‐wind erosion crisscross region in the Loess Plateau, China. With this aim in mind, we conducted in‐situ field experiments for 3 or 5 years and continuously monitored the SWC in a 0–5 m or 0–8 m profile. The results showed that the SWC increased drastically after alfalfa was converted to soybean, especially after consecutive wet year when the SWC of 0–800 cm profile was recharged up to 0.16 cm3 cm−3, which means the DSL‐SWC in the 0–800 cm profile recovered within 5 years. The DSL‐SWC of the profile improved obviously within 3 years after peashrub was converted to natural grass. The SWC of the two fields was 0.16 cm3 cm−3 and 0.15 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The SWC depletion time was 6.1, 7.5, and 8.4 years in the three fields converted from cropland to alfalfa. Based on our findings, the number of alfalfa planting years should not exceed 8 years. However, planting years of peashrub needs further study because it has excellent drought resistance and a long root system. Taking the advantages and disadvantages of two restoration management methods into account, alfalfa‐crop rotations and natural grasslands are the two best choices for ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau, China.
Diagnosing and treating gastric impactions in horses
Authors: Mathie Amber H , Dixon Claire
Published: March 2022

Background: Gastric impaction is an uncommon and potentially fatal condition in equids and is defined as a persistent accumulation of dry, firm ingesta within the stomach. Left untreated these impactions can progress to gastric rupture. However, gastric impactions present with non‐specific clinical signs of varying severity, making diagnosis challenging. While often diagnosed at referral practices, diagnosis and medical management of gastric impactions is possible in first‐opinion equine practice.

Aim of the article: This article discusses what is known about the aetiology of gastric impactions and the current diagnosis and treatment options.
Effective recruitment advertising: using an evidence‐based approach
Authors: Perrin Hannah
Published: March 2022

It is no secret that the veterinary profession is going through a ‘recruitment crisis’, with many practices struggling to fill positions. This article examines some of the research on what actually works in recruitment advertising, and offers some evidence‐based advice on the most effective way to attract appropriate applicants to apply to a vacancy.
Crucial role of pragmatism in post‐pandemic veterinary practice
Authors: Manktelow Paul
Published: March 2022

While the aftershocks of the Covid‐19 pandemic and Brexit are still reverberating across the veterinary profession, it remains unclear how the various social, economic and political factors may influence the landscape in which we operate. Equally unclear is whether the pandemic has fundamentally altered pet ownership dynamics in the UK, and whether this will change the relationships or expectations that clients have with veterinary service providers. Pragmatic case management has long been associated with clinicians who work in charities or other cost‐prohibitive environments; however, this article considers how the principles of pragmatism can be extended beyond clinical case management to all areas of the veterinary service, and provide a critical tool to help navigate the uncertainty that lies ahead on the road to pandemic recovery.
Simulation model of water temperature variation in dual‐purpose canals considering return flow from upstream paddy fields
Authors: Kimura Masaomi , Kobayashi Satoru , Mitsuyasu Marie , Xie Wenpeng , Iida Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

High ambient air and water temperatures can cause high‐temperature damage to ripening rice grains after rice heading and has recently become a major issue of concern. Spill‐over irrigation (also referred to as continuous irrigation with running water) is an effective countermeasure that involves simultaneous irrigation and drainage to reduce the ponded water temperature in paddy fields. However, it is necessary to understand the impact of this technique on downstream water temperatures. In this study, the discharge and water temperature variations in a dual‐purpose canal (also referred to as irrigation‐cum‐drainage canal) were measured along the main canal of the Tedori‐gawa Shichika canal system in Japan. The discharge and water temperature variations in a branch drainage canal were also monitored to analyse the influence of the return flow on the water temperature in the main canal. Based on these observations, a new numerical model was developed to simulate the water temperature variations in the main canal considering meteorological conditions, heat transfer of water in the open canal, and return flow from upstream paddy fields. Finally, the model was applied to examine possible global warming scenarios and discuss the effectiveness of paddy water management in mitigating high‐temperature damage in downstream paddy fields.
Multilayer subwavelength gratings or sandwiches with periodic structure shape light reflection in the tapetum lucidum of taxonomically diverse vertebrate animals
Authors: Zueva Lidia , Zayas‐Santiago Astrid , Rojas Legier , Sanabria Priscila , Alves Janaina , Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Inyushin Mikhail
Published: March 2022

Eye shine in the dark has attracted many researchers to the field of eye optics, but the initial studies of subwavelength arrangements in tapetum began only with the development of electronic microscopy at the end of the 20th century. As a result of a number of studies, it was shown that the reflective properties of the tapetum are due to their specialized cellular subwavelength microstructure (photonic crystals). These properties, together with the mutual orientation of the crystals, lead to a significant increase in reflection, which, in turn, enhances the sensitivity of the eye. In addition, research confirmed that optical mechanisms of reflection in the tapetum are very similar even for widely separated species. Due to progress in the field of nano‐optics, researchers now have a better understanding of the main principles of this phenomenon. In this review, we summarize electron microscopic and functional studies of tapetal structures in the main vertebrate classes. This allows data on the microstructure of the tapetum to be used to improve our understanding of the visual system.
Anticancer and antioxidant profiling effects of Nerolidol against DMBA induced oral experimental carcinogenesis
Authors: Balakrishnan Vaitheeswari , Ganapathy Sindhu , Veerasamy Vinothkumar , Duraisamy Ramachandhiran , Sathiavakoo Vigil Anbiah , Krishnamoorthy Vasudevan , Lakshmanan Vennila
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study is to examine the chemopreventive effects of Nerolidol (NER) on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBC) induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in male golden Syrian hamsters. In this study, oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouch of an oral painted hamster with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times weekly for 12 weeks. To assess DMBA‐induced hamster buccal tissue carcinogenesis, biochemical endpoints such as Phase I and II detoxification enzymes, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by‐products, and renal function markers, as well as histopathological examinations, were used. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical studies of interleukin‐6 were investigated to find the inflammatory link in the HBC carcinogenesis. In our results, DMBA alone exposed hamsters showed 100% tumor growth, altered levels of antioxidants, detoxification agents, LPO, and renal function identifiers as compared to the control hamsters. The outcome in  present biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry studies has been found a reverse in NER‐treated hamsters against the tumor. This study concluded that NER modulated the biochemical profiles (antioxidants, detoxification, LPO, and renal function markers) and inhibited tumor development in DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in the sensitizing pregnancy where anti‐D was incorrectly identified as RhIG
Authors: Walhof Mackenzie L. , Leon Judith , Greiner Andrea L. , Scott James R. , Knudson Charles Michael
Published: March 2022

Background

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a potentially fatal complication in Rh‐incompatible pregnancies and rarely occurs in the sensitizing pregnancy. Distinguishing RhIG from true anti‐D identified is challenging. A case of severe HDFN in which a sample drawn at 28 weeks showed anti‐D antibody (3+ strength) attributed to RhIG is described. RBC antibody testing early in pregnancy was negative. At birth, the infant was severely anemic and maternal anti‐D titer was 1:256. This case represents a clinically significant anti‐D in the sensitizing pregnancy that was missed due to confusion with RhIG.

Methods

To determine if agglutination strength could be helpful, a retrospective chart‐review using both electronic and paper medical records was performed on 348 samples identified as RhIG and 52 true anti‐D samples. The agglutination strength of antibody was recorded for each sample.

Results

For RhIG, there was an even distribution between the weak to moderate agglutination strength (w+, 1+, and 2+) results (35%, 26%, and 33%, respectively) and just 6% had a 3+ strength. Agglutination strength in patients with high titer (≥1:16) anti‐D showed they often (44.4%) have 1+ or 2+ agglutination reactivity.

Conclusions

These results show that agglutination strength alone does not provide reliable evidence to distinguish RhIG from high titer anti‐D antibodies. We recommend that in cases where there is any uncertainty about whether the anti‐D reactivity is due to RhIG, titers should be performed to rule out clinically significant anti‐D antibody.
Contribution of adrenergic mechanisms for the stress‐induced breast cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Silva Dany , Quintas Clara , Gonçalves Jorge , Fresco Paula
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is the most common and deadliest type of cancer in women. Stress exposure has been associated with carcinogenesis and the stress released neurotransmitters, noradrenaline and adrenaline, and their cognate receptors, can participate in the carcinogenesis process, either by regulating tumor microenvironment or by promoting systemic changes.

This work intends to provide an overview of the research done in this area and try to unravel the role of adrenergic ligands in the context of breast carcinogenesis.

In the initiation phase, adrenergic signaling may favor neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells whereas, during cancer progression, may favor the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Additionally, adrenergic signaling can alter the function and activity of other cells present in the tumor microenvironment towards a protumor phenotype, namely macrophages, fibroblasts, and by altering adipocyte's function. Adrenergic signaling also promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and, systemically, may induce the formation of preneoplastic niches, cancer‐associated cachexia and alterations in the immune system which contribute for the loss of quality of life of breast cancer patients and their capacity to fight cancer. Most studies points to a major contribution of β2‐adrenoceptor activated pathways on these effects. The current knowledge of the mechanistic pathways activated by β2‐adrenoceptors in physiology and pathophysiology, the availability of selective drugs approved for clinical use and a deeper knowledge of the basic cellular and molecular pathways by which adrenergic stimulation may influence cancer initiation and progression, opens the possibility to use new therapeutic alternatives to improve efficacy of breast cancer treatments.
Accuracy of transcranial Doppler in detecting intracranial stenosis in patients with sickle cell anemia when compared to magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Krementz Nastajjia A. , Gardener Hannah E. , Torres Luis , Alkhalifah Moayd , Campo‐Bustillo Iszet , Campo Nelly , Koch Sebastian , Alvarez Ofelia , Rundek Tatjana , Romano Jose G.
Published: March 2022

Background

Stroke, the most devastating consequence of sickle cell anemia (SCA), is associated with endothelial damage and intracranial artery stenosis. We aimed to assess transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound accuracy in detecting intracranial stenosis when compared to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods

Children with SCA and at least one TCD and MRA within 1 month were identified from a retrospectively collected database. Sensitivity and specificity were obtained to assess the overall accuracy of TCD mean flow velocity (mFV) ≥200 cm/s in detecting vessel stenosis of ≥50%. Multivariate analysis identified independent factors associated with MRA stenosis.

Results

Among 157 patients in the database, 64 had a TCD and MRA within 1 month (age 11.8 ± 5.3 years, 56% female, 20% with cerebral infarcts on MRI, 8 or 13% had mFV ≥200 cm/s and 20% or 21%, had intracranial stenosis ≥50% on MRA). TCD mFV ≥200 cm/s had a high specificity (95%) but low sensitivity (29%) to detecting intracranial stenosis. As a continuous variable, TCD mFV of 137.5 cm/s had maximal specificity (77%) and sensitivity (72%). After adjustment for age, hemoglobin level, transfusion status, hydroxyurea treatment, and vessel, for every increase in cm/sec on TCD, there was a 2% increase in the odds of ≥50% stenosis on MRA (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study reports TCD mFV is a positive predictor of MRA stenosis in SCA, independent of patient characteristics, including hemoglobin. A mFV ≥200 cm/s is highly specific but less sensitive in detecting stenosis ≥50%. Lower mFV cut points may be needed for the early detection of intracranial stenosis.
Dynamics of salivary human herpesvirus‐6 and ‐7 shedding in pregnant women
Authors: Suzuki Noriko , Ihira Masaru , Enya Yasuko , Yumi Takahashi , Izuru Chisato , Rie Igarashi , Higashimoto Yuki , Hiroki Miura , Asaki Takanashi , Kaoru Fujimoto , Kawamura Yoshiki , Yoshikawa Tetsushi
Published: March 2022

Reactivation of Betaherpesvirinae (Human herpesvirus 6A: HHV‐6A, ‐6B, HHV‐7) may be associated with mental illness and host fatigue. This study aimed to determine whether viral reactivation, measured by monitoring salivary viral DNA load, can be used to monitor depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Saliva samples were collected from 64 pregnant women at five points of observation periods. The HHV‐6‐ and HHV‐7‐specific qPCRs were carried out to measure viral DNA load. When HHV‐6 DNA was detected in saliva, nested PCR was used to discriminate between HHV‐6A and ‐6B. In both viruses, a significant correlation was observed between detection frequency and viral DNA load in saliva. In the low‐shedding group, HHV‐6 DNA was significantly higher in the third trimester (p < 0.0001), the time of delivery (p = 0.0003), 1 month after birth (p = 0.0023) compared with the first trimester, and HHV‐7 was at the time of delivery (p = 0.0277) and 1 month after birth (p = 0.0235). Most of the detected HHV‐6 DNAs in saliva were HHV‐6B. Both viral DNA loads were significantly lower (HHV‐6: p = 0.0101, HHV‐7: p = 0.0044) in the subjects with abnormal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores. The detection rate and viral DNA load of both viruses in saliva increased after the third trimester. Salivary virus DNA shedding was significantly lower in subjects with an abnormal EPDS score.
First cases of infection with the 21L/BA.2 Omicron variant in Marseille, France
Authors: Colson Philippe , Delerce Jérémy , Beye Mamadou , Levasseur Anthony , Boschi Céline , Houhamdi Linda , Tissot‐Dupont Hervé , Yahi Nouara , Million Matthieu , La Scola Bernard , Fantini Jacques , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard
Published: March 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 21K/BA.1, 21L/BA.2, and BA.3 Omicron variants have recently emerged worldwide. To date, the 21L/BA.2 Omicron variant has remained very minority globally but became predominant in Denmark instead of the 21K/BA.1 variant. Here, we describe the first cases diagnosed with this variant in south‐eastern France. We identified 13 cases using variant‐specific qPCR and next‐generation sequencing between 28/11/2021 and 31/01/2022, the first two cases being diagnosed in travelers returning from Tanzania. Overall, viral genomes displayed a mean (±standard deviation) number of 65.9 ± 2.5 (range, 61–69) nucleotide substitutions and 31.0 ± 8.3 (27–50) nucleotide deletions, resulting in 49.6 ± 2.2 (45–52) amino acid substitutions (including 28 in the spike protein) and 12.4 ± 1.1 (12–15) amino acid deletions. Phylogeny showed the distribution in three different clusters of these genomes, which were most closely related to genomes from England and South Africa, from Singapore and Nepal, or from France and Denmark. Structural predictions highlighted a significant enlargement and flattening of the surface of the 21L/BA.2 N‐terminal domain of the spike protein compared to that of the 21K/BA.1 Omicron variant, which may facilitate initial viral interactions with lipid rafts. Close surveillance is needed at global, country, and center scales to monitor the incidence and clinical outcome of the 21L/BA.2 Omicron variant.