bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Lumbo‐Pelvic Fixation for Denis Type I Unilateral Sacral Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Yang Jie , Böker Kai O. , Li Xishan , Zhou Xiang , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

Background

Unilateral sacral fractures with posterior ring instability represent a prevalent type of posterior pelvic ring fracture. While lumbo‐pelvic fixation is recognized as a highly stable method, the sufficiency of unilateral lumbo‐pelvic fixation (ULF) for such fractures remains under debate.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the biomechanical stability of ULF compared to traditional bilateral lumbo‐pelvic fixation (BLF) and triangular osteosynthesis (TO), incorporating clinical observations, and previous biomechanical data.

Methods

We developed a three‐dimensional spine‐pelvis model to simulate a unilateral sacral fracture with posterior ring instability. The model was used to compare the stability of ULF with BLF and TO, utilizing both newly generated data and ULF models reported in existing literature.

Results

Our findings indicate that BLF and TO provide greater stability than ULF, with BLF emerging as the most stable model. While ULF may be insufficient for immediate postoperative weight‐bearing, TO also demonstrated potential risks of instability during rotational and lateral bending movements toward the fracture side.

Conclusion

Despite its application in clinical settings, ULF may not adequately support early postoperative mobility. This study underscores the need for cautious application of ULF and suggests that enhancements such as additional fixation points may be necessary. The results also highlight the importance of tailored postoperative rehabilitation strategies for patients undergoing TO, especially in managing movements that could destabilize the fracture site.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of universal 8‐week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C with early chronic kidney disease or pre‐end‐stage renal disease: Insights from a nationwide hepatisis C virus registry in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Szu‐Jen , Huang Chung‐Feng , Chang Te‐Sheng , Lo Ching‐Chu , Hung Chao‐Hung , Huang Chien‐Wei , Chong Lee‐Won , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Cheng Chien‐Yu , Huang Jee‐Fu , Bair Ming‐Jong , Lin Chih‐Lang , Yang Chi‐Chieh , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Lee Tzong‐Hsi , Lee Pei‐Lun , Wu Wen‐Chih , Lin Chih‐Lin , Su Wei‐Wen , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Wang Chia‐Chi , Hu Jui‐Ting , Mo Lein‐Ray , Chen Chun‐Ting , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Chang Chun‐Chao , Huang Chia‐Sheng , Chen Guei‐Ying , Kao Chien‐Neng , Tai Chi‐Ming , Liu Chun‐Jen , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Dai Chia‐Yen , Kao Jia‐Horng , Lin Han‐Chieh , Chuang Wang‐Long , Tseng Kuo‐Chih , Chen Chi‐Yi , Wang Shu‐Chi , Yu Ming‐Lung
Published: January 2025

An 8‐week regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is recommended for treatment‐naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In alignment with the Taiwanese government's objective to eliminate hepatitis C by 2025, this study aimed to provide real‐world evidence on the use of this regimen in treatment‐naïve patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using data from the Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver HCV Registry (TACR). CKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher with proteinuria persisting for over 3 months. Patients were categorized as having early CKD (eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2) or pre‐end‐stage renal disease (pre‐ESRD) (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Among 1072 patients who received at least one dose of the regimen, 1054 had available data for assessing sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12). The overall SVR12 rate was 99.6%, with rates of 99.7% for pre‐ESRD patients and 99.6% for early CKD patients. Subgroup analysis showed 100% efficacy for genotype 3 and dyslipidemia, 99.5% for diabetes, 99.4% for cardiovascular disease, 96.9% for a history of cerebral vascular accident, and 95.5% for patients with a history of drug injection or HIV co‐infection. Adverse events were reported in 16.8% of patients, with 0.8% experiencing serious events, and only two cases were treatment‐related. Renal function significantly improved, with overall eGFR increasing from 39.2 to 41.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. Early CKD patients showed an eGFR rise from 53.5 to 57.1, while pre‐ESRD patients improved from 27.1 to 29.2 at SVR12. The study concluded that the 8‐week regimen is highly effective, well‐tolerated, and associated with significant renal function improvement in treatment‐naïve CHC patients with both early CKD and pre‐ESRD.
Inverse association of triglyceride‐glucose and triglyceride/HDL‐c indexes with serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in US adults
Authors: Ji Li , Li Shuying , Yuan Tangbing , Li Shaoping , Shu Ruilu , Yang Haiming
Published: January 2025

The triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG) and the triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL‐c) are novel indicators for assessing insulin resistance (IR) in epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and these two indicators in the adult population of the United States. 14,380 participants aged 20 years and older were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the association between 25(OH)D and TyG, as well as TG/HDL‐c. Smooth fitting curves were employed to identify potential non‐linear relationships between 25(OH)D, TyG, and TG/HDL‐c. The findings revealed a negative association between 25(OH)D and TyG, with the effect being more pronounced in males and individuals with diabetes (p < 0.01). Similarly, 25(OH)D was negatively associated with TG/HDL‐c, with a stronger impact observed in males compared to females. The study population was divided into four quartiles based on 25(OH)D concentration, and TyG and TG/HDL‐c levels in Q3 and Q4 were lower than those in Q1. Furthermore, a non‐linear relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and TyG, with an inflection point at 19.352 ng/mL. A non‐linear relationship was also found between TG/HDL‐c and 25(OH)D, with an inflection point at 37.211 ng/mL. 25(OH)D is an independent factor significantly associated with TyG and TG/HDL‐c indexes. This negative association may be related to the role of 25(OH)D in insulin resistance.
Simultaneous detection of dual targets Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis using enzyme‐free strand displacement reaction
Authors: Yan Shixin , Xiao Yuling , Shen Ruijuan , Cheng Jiazhe , Zhang Yuling , Wu Nan , Chen Jinhao , Chen Jie , Zhang Peng , Geng Jia
Published: January 2025

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) are common food‐borne pathogens, which pose a very significant threat to the healthcare environment. The rapid detection of relevant bacteria can help control their rapid spread, while the traditional bacterial culture detection method is time‐consuming and not conducive to the rapid detection of pathogens. Recently, new detection methods for related pathogenic bacteria have emerged, but these methods are relatively complex, and few methods can detect two bacteria at the same time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop multi‐target, convenient, and fast pathogen detection methods. This method successfully constructed an enzyme‐free fluorescent biosensor based on the adapter‐mediated strand displacement reaction to detect E. coli ATCC25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC13076. This method had an ultrasensitive detection limit of 0.7 CFU/mL and 0.61 CFU/mL within 20 min, with a broad linear range of 34–105 CFU/mL of E. coli and 17–106 CFU/mL of S. enteritidis, respectively. Importantly, the spiked recovery of the three clinical fluid samples performed well, which proved that this method had the potential to detect E. coli and S. enteritidis in clinical samples. The sensor constructed by this method can detect dual targets at the same time, increasing the possibility of large‐scale clinical use.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up After the Charles Procedure: Possibilities for Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Lymphedema Surgery With Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis: A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Krzesniak Natalia Ewa , Zaleska Marzanna , Mohos Balazs , Czedik‐Eysenberg Manon , Krammel Michaela , Tzou Chieh‐Han John
Published: January 2025

The Charles procedure (CP) is a potentially devastating treatment; however, in cases of an end stage of untreated or improperly treated lymphedema, it is the ultimate surgical therapy. As a life‐saving solution, it quickly relieves patients with giant, hypertrophic extremities, mostly in ambulation and hygiene maintenance. Nevertheless, long‐term results may disappoint both doctors and patients, who struggle with social stigma, the need for lifelong compression, massive lymphoedema in the distal parts of the feet, badly fitting shoes, excessive skin fibrosis, severe keratinization of skin‐grafted surfaces, periodic lymphorrhea from the resected areas, or acute and chronic inflammation. For these reasons, patients may seek further surgical help, even many years after treatment. This article describes findings in fluorescent lymphography with indocyanine green (ICG‐L) in four patients (49, 56, 56 years old females and 35 years old males) after CP and outcomes of treatment with lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA). In all patients, nonresected areas of the dorsum of the feet showed massive lymphedema stage II to III with dermal backflow (DB). In two patients, resected and skin‐grafted areas showed deep subfascial lymphatics with lazy flow and no DB. In the remaining two cases, resected areas showed massive DB. Patients were reluctant to undergo further extensive surgical treatment with lymph node transfers due to the trauma experienced after CP. Since they still struggle with residual lower extremity lymphedema in unresected areas of the lower limbs, we performed minimally invasive, physiologic LVA surgeries in their feet, and in one patient in proximal thighs. In all cases, the postoperative course was uneventful. The treatment brought relief, reducing the circumference of the feet by ~2 cm, and allowed the return to previously used shoes in a follow‐up of 18–36 months. This is the first report of ICG‐L findings in CP patients, who benefit from minimal invasive LVA surgery. This information might help improve the life quality of patients after CP.
Normal Form Formulae of Turing–Turing Bifurcation for Partial Functional Differential Equations With Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Xing Yue , Jiang Weihua
Published: January 2025

For most systems, the appearance of Turing bifurcation means that it is possible to excite Turing–Turing bifurcation, thus inducing superimposed spatial patterns, multistable spatial patterns co‐existing, and others.It is undoubtedly of interest to qualitatively analyze the structures and stability of these spatially heterogeneous solutions generated by Turing–Turing bifurcation. Therefore, in this paper, with the aid of the center manifold theory and the normal form method, for general partial functional differential equations with nonlinear diffusion, the third‐order normal form is firstly derived. It is locally topologically equivalent to the primitive partial functional differential equations at the Turing–Turing bifurcation point. And then the explicit formulae for the coefficients in the normal form associated with three different spatial modes are presented. As an application, a predator–prey model with predator–taxis is considered. It is theoretically revealed that the system admits the coexistence of a pair of stable steady states with a single characteristic wavelength and the coexistence of four stable steady states with different single characteristic wavelengths. Further, the parameter regions in which these phenomena will arise are quantitatively given. It is illustrated that the self‐diffusion of prey and predator–taxis complement each other to promote the formation for the spatially homogeneous distributions of populations.
A Family of Effective Spectral CG Methods With an Adaptive Restart Scheme
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Zeng Xiaping , Liu Pengjie
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a family of effective spectral conjugate gradient methods with an adaptive restart scheme for solving unconstrained optimization problems. First, we construct a new composite conjugate parameter with two parameters by employing a convex combination of classical conjugate parameters and their variants. Then, we use the spectral technique to guarantee that the search direction possesses the sufficient descent property independent of any line search. Additionally, we incorporate a new spectral gradient‐based adaptive restart scheme to ensure the global convergence of the family under weak Wolfe line search and obtain iteration complexity results under Armijo line search. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments on unconstrained optimization problems and image restoration applications to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed family.
Stochastic Gompertzian Model for Parathyroid Tumor Growth
Authors: Partal Tugcem , Bayram Mustafa
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study on the behavior and growth of parathyroid tumor in the human body. We investigate the change of parathyroid cancer cell with respect to time, obtained from the deterministic Gompertz model through 41 actual patients in the literature. Then we describe the stochastic Gompertz model based on deterministic Gompertz law and obtain the diffusion coefficient for our stochastic model, using the data taken from the patients. We compare the stochastic and deterministic results at the same graph. Also, we numerically solve the defined stochastic differential using the Euler–Maruyama, Milstein, stochastic Runge–Kutta, and Taylor methods. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of each of these methods using graphs and error table.
Exploring Subordination and Argument Behavior in a New Class of Analytic Functions
Authors: Göksel Izzet , Bekçi Zeynep , Melike Aydoğan Seher , Sakar Fethiye Müge
Published: January 2025

The class includes functions with a specific starting term and higher‐order terms in their series, and studying these functions involves examining their analytic properties, argument behavior, and subordination characteristics, which lead to various interesting and significant results in complex analysis. The functions within are designed to explore properties that arise from their structure and the way their series are constructed, and the main interest in this class lies in analyzing how these functions behave in various mathematical contexts, particularly in relation to argument shifts and the relationships between different functions. In a nutshell, the class offers a framework for examining a specific type of analytic function with a structured series expansion, thereby allowing for a deeper investigation into their mathematical properties and applications. The new class , which is related to the class , is characterized by functions that are analytic in the open unit disk and have a specific series expansion involving fractional powers. The object of this paper is to discuss some interesting applications of concerning argument problems and subordinations, and furthermore, prominent examples for the main results are given.
Miniaturized Single‐ and Dual‐Band Bandpass Filters With Low Loss Based on Folded Stepped‐Impedance Resonators
Authors: Cai Junhong , Dong Yuandan
Published: January 2025

In this article, miniaturized single‐ and dual‐band bandpass filters (BPFs) with low loss are proposed for WI‐FI application. A novel structure of a half‐wavelength (λ/2) and quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) vertically folded stepped‐impedance resonators (FSIRs) is introduced, which significantly reduce the overall size of the filters. Additionally, the multi‐zero characteristics of the λ/2 FSIR and the introduction of flexible mixed‐coupling enhance the stopband performance of the single‐band BPF. Meanwhile, a coplanar waveguide feeding structure is chosen, allowing both single‐ and dual‐band BPFs to be implemented on a low‐cost single‐layer dielectric substrate. Small‐sized single‐band BPF with a low loss of 0.22 dB and dual‐band BPF with a low loss of 0.77 dB/0.93 dB are implemented and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the full‐wave simulations.
Three‐dimensional whole‐body imaging of the bioreduction and clearance of nitroxide probes in the thoracic and abdominal regions of mice using a compact and mobile electron paramagnetic resonance imager
Authors: Sato‐Akaba Hideo , Emoto Miho C. , Fujii Hirotada G.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Redox homeostasis plays a key role in regulating the overall health and development of organisms. This study aimed to develop a compact and mobile continuous‐wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imager to facilitate stable, highly sensitive fast three‐dimensional (3D) whole‐body imaging of nitroxide‐infused mice.

Methods

A multiturn loop gap resonator with a diameter of 30 mm and length of 35 mm was designed for whole‐body EPR imaging. A compact and mobile CW‐EPR imager operating at 750 MHz was developed using this resonator. The automatic matching and tuning control systems were also adjusted to compensate for perturbations caused by the movement of the mice.

Results

When the mice were inserted into the resonator, the resonant frequency was easily determined for all parts of the mouse, from the head to the lower abdomen. 3D EPR images of the mouse body from the thoracic region to the lower abdomen were obtained following infusion of a nitroxide, 3‐carboxy‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl (CxP). The EPR images clearly visualized the CxP distribution in various organs at different concentrations. Time‐dependent EPR images also revealed that the signal intensities of the CxP decayed over time, and the decay rates for the heart, liver, and kidneys were evaluated.

Conclusion

A compact and mobile EPR imager that enables 3D whole‐body EPR image of nitroxide in mice was developed. The EPR imager exhibited long‐term stability against motion effects caused by respiratory motion and heartbeats in mice. The EPR images clearly visualized the in vivo distribution, clearance, and metabolism of the nitroxide in organs.
A Stable Mixed Finite Element Method for the Simulation of Stokes Flow Using Divergence Balanced H(Div)‐L2 Pair of Approximation Spaces
Authors: Puga Carlos H. C. , Avancini Giovane , Shauer Nathan , Carvalho Pablo G. S. , Devloo Philippe R. B.
Published: January 2025

The Stokes equations are used to model the motion of fluid flows where inertial terms can be neglected. Traditional finite element approaches such as the Taylor–Hood element do not ensure local conservation pointwise of the mass. This can be achieved by employing a mixed formulation with the proper combination of and spaces. In this context, this article presents a new hybrid‐hybrid formulation to solve the Stokes equations. By applying Lagrange multipliers, the continuity of the tangential velocity is enforced, which is not intrinsically guaranteed by spaces. In addition, a variation of the traditional space, called Hdiv‐C, is used to approximate the fields. The Hdiv‐C space is created using concepts of the exact De Rham sequence and is shown to yield a smaller global system of equations than traditional finite element spaces. A two‐dimensional manufactured solution problem and the three‐dimensional Annular‐Couette flow problem are used to verify the hybrid‐hybrid formulation's convergence rates, which are compared to Taylor–Hood's results. Application examples based on lab‐on‐chip mixers are analyzed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The examples consist of three different serpentine channel geometries: two in two dimensions (a sinusoidal and a “bumped” serpentine) and one in three dimensions (a C‐shape serpentine). The results show that the hybrid‐hybrid formulation combined with the Hdiv‐C space is suitable for solving Stokes problems with optimal convergence rates, comparable to the Taylor–Hood element.
Global Length and Overhang Control for Level Set and Density Approaches via Perimeter Minimization
Authors: Torres Jose , Otero Fermin , Ferrer Alex
Published: January 2025

Topology optimization is probably one of the most efficient techniques for structural design. However, running topology optimization without geometry control provides complex designs, which often are manufactured with additive manufacturing methods. Consequently, a fundamental aspect in topology optimization is to consider the following additive manufacturing constraints: minimal length scale and overhang. The aim of this paper is to propose a new numerical method to control globally such additive manufacturing constraints. The idea relies on penalizing a regularized version of the perimeter: an isotropic version for global length and an anisotropic version for overhang. Besides, we show that the method may be used with density and level set approaches. Several numerical examples, including compliant mechanisms and material design, show that some bars have been removed, decreasing the complexity of the shape, and vertical tendency orientation of boundaries is generally obtained.
A Bilevel Optimal Control Method and Application to the Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Cots Olivier , Dutto Rémy , Jan Sophie , Laporte Serge
Published: January 2025

In this article we present a new numerical method based on a bilevel decomposition of optimal control problems. A strong connection between the proposed method and the classical indirect multiple shooting method is shown in the regular case, thanks to a link between the Bellman's value function and the costate from the Pontryagin maximum principle. The value functions are needed in our bilevel decomposition but they are generally difficult to compute. We approximate them by neural networks that have a high potential of generalization and that provide an efficient computation of the gradient of the cost function. We apply the proposed method to an industrial problem, consisting of the determination of torque split and gear shift of a hybrid electric vehicle, the objective being the minimization of the fuel consumption on a given representative cycle. Numerical methods and results are discussed, as well as the possible improvements of the proposed approach.
Estimation of Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of Supercapacitors Using Charging/Discharging Kinetics
Authors: Adel Mohamed Y. , Mohammed Omar B. , Younis Ahmad T.
Published: January 2025

One of the key parameters that affects efficiency, power density and performance of a supercapacitor (SC) is the equivalent series resistance (ESR). In this study we propose a method to estimate ESR from the charging kinetics which has practical applications. Therefore, to study the ESR of the SC we must look at the different factors that affect this resistance. In this study, the rise time extracted from the charging kinetics curves of the SC was used as an indirect method to investigate the ESR of the SC. Three different parameters were taken into account: ionic mobility, solvent material and pore cavity size of the porous electrode. The results offer enlightening information for optimizing the design of the SC with higher performance and smaller ESR values that will be translated into a better energy storage technologies.
Effect of ligand bond structure on self‐healing properties of XNBR/CuCl2 at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Guo Ao , Li Rui , Li Xiaoxiao , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Yandan , Han Jingjie
Published: January 2025

Metal coordination bonds can be coordinated to specific functional groups in polymers. This special coordination can give the material excellent self‐healing and mechanical properties. Nitrile rubber (XNBR)/CuCl2 composites were prepared by solid‐state blending. By changing the coordination reaction temperature, different coordination bonds were formed between the nitrile rubber and copper ions. The starting temperature of the coordination reaction was determined to be 100°C by observing the changes in the coordination reaction curve. With the increase of temperature from 100°C to 190°C, the copper ions' oxidation state was raised to 3, while part of C ≡ N was transformed to C=N at high temperature. Quantitative analysis revealed that the linear coordination [Cu2+–NL] was predominantly triple‐coordinated, and the curved coordination [Cu3+–NB] was coordinated in the form of ionic clusters. In addition to this, the formation of linear coordination bonds was easier and more reversible based on the calculation of the apparent activation energy of the coordination reaction. Macroscopically, the mechanical properties and self‐repairing ability of XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐100°C were higher than those of XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐190°C. The design of cross‐linked XNBR with good mechanical properties and recycling performance was of great significance in protecting the environment and realizing sustainable development.

Highlights

XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐100°C composites mainly form linear coordination [Cu2+–3NL].

XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐190°C composites form bending coordination [Cu3+–NB].

[Cu3+–NB] is stronger than [Cu2+–NL] but less reversible.
Recycled tire rubber as reinforcement for erosion‐resistant epoxy composites
Authors: Korkusuz Orkan Baran , Yarar Eser , Sınmazçelik Tamer
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study was to develop environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and highly erosion‐resistant composites using rubber particles recycled from waste tires as reinforcement. The effects of impingement angle, weight fraction, and particle size were investigated. While neat epoxy exhibited a maximum erosion rate at 30°, rubber/epoxy did so at 15°, or in the range of 15°–30°. The erosion behavior of epoxy became more ductile as a result of rubber reinforcement. Rubber particle reinforcement significantly reduced the maximum erosion rate, especially at 30°. At this angle, the erosion rate of neat epoxy was 1.88 × 10−4 g/g, while that of the composite with the highest resistance was 1 × 10−4 g/g. The increases in weight fraction and particle size enhanced erosion resistance. Statistical analysis revealed that their individual effects were close. The regression model exhibited high accuracy with coefficients of R2 (99.29%) and R2(adj) (98.10%), confirming its reliability. Its predictive capability was measured as R2 (pred) at 91.88%. The erosion efficiencies were below 1%. It confirmed the ductile erosion mechanism. The decrease in erosion efficiency provided high erosion resistance. Morphological analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The erosion‐resistant rubber/epoxy composites are recommended for use as coating.

Highlights

Reuse of waste tires as a reinforcement is possible.

Rubber particles significantly enhanced erosion resistance.

The composites exhibited highly ductile erosion behavior.

Erosion rate decreased with increasing in weight fraction and particle size.

Morphological examination revealed that erosion damage was not severe.
Nonwoven surface treatments for disposable hygiene products
Authors: Tubcil Mehmet Sinan , Dogan Sebnem Kemaloglu , Dizman Bekir
Published: January 2025

Baby diapers, adult incontinence products, feminine hygiene items, and wet wipes are extensively utilized nonwoven products. The properties of nonwovens are significantly influenced by surface treatments. These treatments impart hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, skincare benefits, adhesion reduction, odor control, enzymatic inhibition, pH control, probiotics, prebiotics, controlled release of active agents, and antimicrobial activity, all of which enhance the performance and user experience of these products. This study reviews surface treatments for nonwoven disposable hygiene products, focusing on their types, effects, performance, and safety considerations. Most research focuses on hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity due to the absorbent nature of these articles. Small molecule applications are prominent, though polymer‐based formulations offer greater versatility. Smart materials, nanofibers, and nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in the field. Concerns regarding sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, product safety, and compliance with emerging environmental regulations are increasing. Focusing on these areas will drive the development of next‐generation disposable hygiene products that meet changing regulations, consumer demands and concerns.

Highlights

Innovative agents improve user comfort and hygiene in surface treatments.

Small molecule treatments are common although polymers provide more versatility.

Smart coatings and nanomaterials offer advanced surface treatments.

Biodegradable treatments lead the shift towards sustainable hygiene products.

Consumer preferences shape the next generation of hygiene articles.
Pinnatifone A, isolated from Syringa pinnatifolia (Oleaceae), exhibits inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi and can be employed to formulate a soluble concentrate agent
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Chen Wei , Hou Puxing , Li Ruyu , Li Pei , Fan Yahan , Wu Hua , Ma Zhiqing
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

In the realm of plant diseases, those caused by fungi and oomycetes are particularly challenging to manage, resulting in significant economic losses. There exist diverse active substances in natural products and developing them into fungicides holds great significance. At the initial phase of our research, we discovered that Syringa pinnatifolia extract demonstrates broad‐spectrum inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi.

RESULTS

S. pinnatifolia extracts showed inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi in vivo and in vitro, especially Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea. Totals of eight compounds were isolated by bio‐guided isolation (SCX‐1 to SCX‐8). Among these compounds, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (SCX‐2) and pinnatifone A (SCX‐8) were found to have excellent antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of SCX‐2 against V. mali was 45.34 μg/mL, the EC50 of compound SCX‐8 against B. cinerea was 9.25 μg/mL. Here a formulation of a soluble concentrate agent is presented for the prevention and control of tomato gray mold. This formulation included 45% S. pinnatifolia extract (containing 2.1% pinnatifone A), 16% benzyl alcohol, 24% absolute ethanol, 5% ethylene glycol, and 10% pesticide emulsifier No. 602. The preparation exhibited good protective and curative efficacies against tomato gray mold at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, with efficacies of 65.32% and 54.83%.

CONCLUSION

Our findings provide valuable insights for the structural modification of active compounds derived from S. pinnatifolia and lay a foundation for the development of novel botanical fungicide products utilizing S. pinnatifolia as a raw material. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanism of Tetracycline in Various Supporting Electrolytes Based on a Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode
Authors: Li Junyao , Zhai Zhaofeng , Zhang Chuyan , Chen Bin , Hu Tianwen , Song Haozhe , Yang Yuhua , Lv Chengcheng , Liu Lusheng , Jiang Xin , Huang Nan
Published: January 2025

The active free radical species vary with supporting electrolyte during electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, thus, resulting into the significant difference in removal rate and degradation pathways of organic compounds. Herein, the electrochemical oxidation behavior of tetracycline (TC) is studied based on the boron‐doped diamond anode in Na2SO4, NaCl, and NaNO3 systems. It is revealed that the and ClO− initialize the oxidation reaction of TC followed by the gradual degradation through •OH. Notably, the enhanced lifetime of ClO− compared to ensures a more effective and prolonged degradation of TC. Thus, the TC removal rate in the NaCl system is remarkably larger than that in the Na2SO4 and NaNO3 systems. Despite different degradation pathways across each system, consistent oxidation mechanism is identified: initial hydroxylation occurs at arbitrary positions on TC followed by the further oxidation of the hydroxyl group to form aldehyde or ketone. Ketones undergo direct oxidation to facilitate ring‐opening reaction; whereas aldehydes are further oxidized to form carboxylic acid and eventually transform into H2O and CO2. This work sheds deep insights into the oxidation mechanism of organic compounds across various supporting electrolytes, which benefits the efficient degradation of TC in practical applications.
Evidence syntheses in educational technology research: What is not published in English is not visible? A tertiary mapping review
Authors: Bedenlier Svenja , Buntins Katja , Bond Melissa , Händel Marion , Marín Victoria I.
Published: January 2025

Evidence syntheses, such as systematic reviews, aim to summarise the current state of research in a field, often using the publication language of a study as a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. However, this has serious implications for capturing evidence from a wider range of geographical areas, and the potential for linguistic bias. In order to explore this issue, a trilingual tertiary mapping review of 446 evidence syntheses within the field of educational technology (EdTech) and published in English, Spanish and German was undertaken, analysing the frequency of multi‐ and monolingual evidence syntheses, reasons for language choice by research teams, and the composition of research teams in multi‐ and monolingual evidence syntheses. Items were included if they were a form of evidence synthesis with an explicit method section, indexed within ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, FIS‐Bildung, or Google Scholar, education‐related, and published between 1983 and May 2022. The results showed that only eight languages were considered in published syntheses, only five languages were used to construct search strings, most evidence syntheses included research published in English without explaining why, and multilingual research team composition did not predict multilingual evidence syntheses. The findings suggest the need to address publication languages not only as a formal criterion but as an integral aspect of methodological approach, influencing the content and scope of syntheses in educational research.
Backstepping‐Based Composite Prescribed‐Time Control for Two‐Time‐Scale Systems
Authors: Zeng Ze‐Hong , Wang Yan‐Wu , Liu Xiao‐Kang , Liu Zhi‐Wei
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the design of a composite prescribed‐time controller for two‐time‐scale systems (TTSSs). First, due to numerical issues caused by the small perturbation parameter, standard control design techniques for prescribed‐time stabilization of regular linear systems are typically unsuitable for TTSSs. To address this, we use time‐scale separation to decouple the system into slow and fast subsystems. To avoid strict requirements on the input matrix, we apply a state transformation to convert the state equations of the slow and fast subsystems into block forms. Next, to prevent input saturation and achieve a directly and arbitrarily adjustable upper bound on the convergence time, we use time‐varying scaling functions to design prescribed‐time controllers for both subsystems. The composite prescribed‐time controller ensures the prescribed‐time convergence of the TTSS. Finally, two comparative examples and one RC ladder circuit system example are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Synthesis of Citric Acid‐Modified Jackfruit Leaves as an Adsorbent for Enhanced Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+: Optimization, Characterization, and Adsorption Performance
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Gupta Sudhir Kumar , Gehlot Chhagan Lal
Published: January 2025

In this study, we synthesized the citric acid‐modified jackfruit leaf powder (CIJLP) to comprehend the adsorption behavior and mechanism of Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption in simulated aqueous solution. This investigation suggested that CIJLP shows 125 mg/g of maximal adsorption capacity for Pb2+, which is nearly 1.6 times more than Cd2+ (∼77 mg/g). The optimum pH values for adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were determined to be 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. The CIJLP was characterized using FT‐IR, FESEM–EDX, and XPS analyses. The FT‐IR and EDX analyses revealed the crucial role of oxygen‐containing functional groups onto CIJLP, which substantially contributed to the heavy metal removal with extremely high adsorption capacities. Based on regression coefficient and RMSE values, adsorption behavior of Cd2+ and Pb2+ onto CIJLP were best fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Moreover, kinetic data was better represented by the pseudo‐second‐order model. Consequently, the heavy metal adsorption onto CIJLP was chemisorption on homogenous monolayer. It was primarily controlled by cation exchange and surface precipitation mechanism. Due to its significantly efficient adsorption for Pb2+ and Cd2+, as compared to the other biowaste‐based adsorbents, CIJLP can be utilized industrially and is socially acceptable as an adsorbent for efficient removal of these toxic ions from an aqueous solution.
Polymeric Anti‐Antibiotic Microparticles to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance Evolution
Authors: Koshani Roya , Yeh Shang‐Lin , He Zeming , Narasimhalu Naveen , vom Steeg Landon G. , Sim Derek G. , Woods Robert J. , Read Andrew F. , Sheikhi Amir
Published: January 2025

Vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin (DAP) are among the last‐resort antibiotics for treating multidrug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacterial infections. They are administered intravenously (IV); however, ≈5 – 10% of the total IV dose is released in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via biliary excretion, driving resistance emergence in commensal Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) populations. Here, it is reported that sevelamer (SEV), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved anion‐exchange polymeric microparticle, captures anionic DAP within minutes and cationic VAN within hours, inactivating the antibacterial efficacy of DAP and VAN. In vitro SEV‐mediated VAN or DAP transient removal is successfully described by a diffusion‐adsorption mechanism. In vivo oral SEV treatment effectively prevented VAN resistance enrichment following the VAN treatment of E. faecium‐colonized mice. This work shows, for the first time, that the adjuvant SEV therapy prevents antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens by eliminating off‐target antibiotics. It is envisioned that SEV may protect DAP and VAN from resistance development, potentially addressing the long‐lasting antimicrobial resistance.
Processing Parameter‐Performance Nexus in 3D Printing of Nanostructured Chiral Photonics
Authors: George Kyle , Taheri‐Qazvini Nader , Olmsted Peter D. , Sadati Monirosadat
Published: January 2025

Precisely crafted hierarchical architectures found in naturally derived biomaterials underpin the exceptional performance and functionality showcased by the host organism. In particular, layered helical assemblies composed of cellulose, chitin, or collagen serve as the foundation for some of the most mechanically robust and visually striking natural materials. By utilizing structured materials in additive manufacturing techniques such as extrusion‐based 3D printing, the intrinsic deformation process can be used to implement bottom‐up design of printed constructs, offering the potential to create intricate macroscale geometries with embedded nanoscale functionality. In this study, comprehensive rheological and rheo‐optical characterization of structurally colored, photocurable liquid crystalline inks based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) are carried out to define the structural dynamics of the system under flow and following flow cessation. It is shown that the processing parameters selected for 3D printing can induce order or disarray in the extruded ink's liquid crystal nanostructure. Low to intermediate shear rates order the chiral nematic domains to yield intense structural color. In contrast, high shear rates induce elastic instabilities that diminish the filament's photonic quality. After establishing the processing parameter‐nanostructure relationship, the curing kinetics of these photocurable inks are tailored to facilitate the arrest of the liquid crystalline structure.
Nano‐Phase Separation and Analyte Binding in Aptasensors Investigated by Nano‐IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Samiseresht Nafiseh , Figueroa Miranda Gabriela , Das Ankita , Graef Kevin , Mayer Dirk , Rabe Martin
Published: January 2025

Biosensors based on DNA aptamer receptors are increasingly used in diagnostic applications. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of aptasensors, parameters affecting the stability and binding efficiency of the receptor layer need to be identified and studied. For example, the blocking step, i.e., the addition of inert molecules to the receptor layer, can improve sensor performance, but can also cause phase separation into nanodomains of unknown composition and structure. Here, nano‐IR spectroscopy is used together with complementary macroscopic spectroscopic methods to study the nano‐structural variations during the fabrication of a recently developed SARS‐CoV‐2 aptasensor. The blocking step by polyethylene glycol (PEG) causes a significant thickening of the receptor layer and a phase separation into nanodomains consisting of an aptamer‐rich and a slightly thicker PEG‐rich phase. The unambiguous chemical identification of the nanodomains is achieved by analysis of nano‐IR images. Furthermore, bound analyte (spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2) is detected at the single molecule level. Detailed analysis of the local nano‐IR spectra revealed structural properties such as the amorphous state of the PEG molecules within the nanodomains and a strong change in the secondary structure of the analyte. This study significantly advances the understanding of nanoscale chemical processes in the receptor layer of aptasensors.
Bandgap Engineering Based on A‐site Ions Tuning in Tin Halide Perovskite
Authors: Li Min , Luo Jun , He Junyu , Sun Tongqing , Li Yang , Zhang Chi , Chu Anshi , Wu Jing , Jiang Jincheng , Cai Mengqiu , Zhuang Xiujuan
Published: January 2025

Tin‐based halide perovskites (ASnX3) have garnered substantial interest due to their unique photoelectric properties and environmentally friendly features. The A‐site ions tuning strategy has been proven to promote material performance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the optical properties, lattice structure variation, and band structure evolution in tin‐based perovskites when the A‐site ions tune from organic to inorganic. Herein, MA1−xCsxSnBr3 and MA1−xCsxSnI3 (0≤x≤1) flakes are synthesized through a one‐pot reaction method. By controlling the Cs ratio, a tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission covering a wide range of 560–685 nm can be observed in MA1−xCsxSnBr3, with bandgap tuned from 1.8 to 2.15 eV, while the PL ranges from 900 to 950 nm with the bandgap 1.2–1.3 eV for MA1−xCsxSnI3. Besides, the PL intensity of MA1−xCsxSnBr3 significantly enhances with the increasing Cs ratio. First‐principles calculations reveal that the octahedron shrinks gradually as the Cs ratio increases. It increases the orbital overlap between Sn and Br and causes a symmetry variation, thus decreasing the bandgap and increasing emission intensity. This work reveals the photophysical mechanism of improved optical properties and bandgap variation in tin‐based perovskites, paving the way for their future applications.
Insights into Homogeneous Bulk Boron Doping at the Tetrahedral Site of NCM811 Cathode Materials: Structure Stabilization by Inductive Effect on TM‐O‐B Bonds
Authors: Ying Bixian , Teng Zhenjie , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Avdeev Maxim , Jonas Adrian , Peng Jiali , Simonsen Søren Bredmose , Indris Sylvio , Dolotko Oleksandr , Schmuch Richard , Yan Peng , Merz Michael , Nagel Peter , Schuppler Stefan , Ehrenberg Helmut , Winter Martin , Kleiner Karin
Published: January 2025

Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are critical for enabling sustainable energy storage. The capacity of cathode materials is a major limiting factor in the LIB performance, and doping has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical properties of nickel‐rich layered oxides such as NCM811. In this study, boron is homogeneously incorporated into the tetrahedral site of NCM811 through co‐precipitation, leading to an inductive effect on transition metal (TM)‐O‐B bonds that delayed structural collapse and reduced oxygen release. Consequently, these changes culminate in an enhancement of cycling performance, translating to an initial specific capacity of 210 mAh g−1 and a 95.3% capacity retention after 100 cycles. These interesting findings deepen the understanding of boron doping and shed light on the design of better lithium cathode materials on an applicable scale.
Elucidating a Tumor‐Selective Nanoparticle Delivery Mechanism at the Colorectal Lumen–Tumor Interface for Precise Local Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lee Juho , Kwak Dongmin , Kim Hyunwoo , Ullah Muneeb , Kim Jihyun , Naeem Muhammad , Hwang Seonghwan , Im Eunok , Yoon In‐Soo , Jung Yunjin , Yoo Jin‐Wook
Published: January 2025

Although various colorectal cancer (CRC)‐targeted nanoparticles have been developed to selectively deliver anticancer agents to tumor tissues, severe off‐target side effects still persist due to unwanted systemic nanoparticle distribution, limiting the therapeutic outcome. Here, by elucidating a tumor‐selective nanoparticle delivery mechanism occurring at the colorectal lumen–tumor interface, an alternative CRC‐targeted delivery route is proposed, which enables highly tumor‐selective delivery without systemic distribution, through direct drug delivery from the outside of the body (colorectal lumen) to tumors in the colorectum. Owing to the presence of accessible tumor‐specific receptors such as CD44 at the colorectal lumen–tumor interface, but not at the colorectal lumen–normal tissue interface, colorectal luminal surface (CLS)‐targeting ligand‐functionalized nanoparticles selectively accumulate in CRC tissues without systemic distribution, resulting in successful local CRC therapy. The findings suggest that CLS‐targeted lumen‐to‐tumor delivery can be a suitable strategy for highly CRC‐specific drug delivery for precise local CRC therapy.
Designing Fluorescent Interfaces at Hotspots in a Plasmonic Nanopore for Homologous Optoelectronic Sensing
Authors: Chen Li‐Dong , Zhang Di , Li Zi‐Hui , Li Zhao , Cai Shenglin , Cao Shuo‐Hui , Li Yao‐Qun
Published: January 2025

In this work, a site‐selective functionalization strategy is proposed for modifying fluorescent dyes in the plasmonic nanopore, which highlights building optoelectronic dual‐signal sensing interfaces at “hotspots” locations to construct multiparameter detection nanosensor. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations confirmed the high‐intensity electromagnetic field due to plasmonic nanostructure. It is demonstrated that adjusting the distance between the nanopore inner wall and fluorophore prevented the fluorescence quenching, resulting in more than a thirty fold fluorescence enhancement. Upon binding with the target analyte, the sensor produces homologous yet independent optoelectronic dual‐signal responses that cross‐validate one another, providing highly accurate analysis even in the presence of multiple interferences. The platform demonstrates precise, adaptable detection with linear responses to extracellular pH changes at the single‐cell level, making it a versatile tool for a range of biosensing applications. By enabling the functionalization of fluorescent interfaces in the “hotspots” of metal nanopores, this interface design strategy efficiently exploits the enhancement of electromagnetic fields to achieve high‐precision dual‐signal measurements and greatly improves the sensitivity of biosensing applications.