bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamik des Plasmas II
Authors: Schlüter Arnulf
Published: January 2015

Aus der Impulsbilanz zweier entgegengesetzt geladener Teilchensorten (Ionen und Elektronen) und einer neutralen Komponente werden die Gleichungen für die Gesamtbewegung, die ambipolare Diffusion und den elektrischen Strom in einem elektromagnetischen Felde hergeleitet. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß man nicht einfach von einer verminderten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit quer zu den magnetischen Feldlinien sprechen kann. Als Anwendungsbeispiel wird der Einfluß des magnetischen Eigenfeldes auf eine Glimmentladung untersucht
Statistische Mechanik der Phasenumwandlungen I Umwandlungen I. Ordnung
Authors: Münster Arnold
Published: January 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß das statistische Analogon einer Umwandlung I. Ordnung darin besteht, daß die mittleren relativen Schwankungsquadrate einer Großen Gesamtheit sehr groß werden. Die Aussagen der Thermodynamik über heterogene Gleichgewichte werden rein statistisch abgeleitet, ebenso die allgemeine thermodynamische Stabilitätsbedingung für Systeme von konstanter Temperatur und konstantem Volumen. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich weitere Folgerungen: Umwandlungen I. Ordnung lassen sich streng nur asymptotisch für unendlich große Systeme definieren; sie können nur in kooperativen Systemen auftreten, dagegen im besonderen nicht in Systemen, deren potentielle Energie eine quadratische Funktion der Koordinaten ist. Für jede Umwandlung I. Ordnung muß ein kritischer Punkt existieren. Anomale Umwandlungen I. Ordnung können nicht auftreten. Im Anhang wird die Kondensationstheorie von Mayer-Born-Fuchs unter dem Gesichtspunkt der allgemeinen Theorie ausführlich diskutiert.
Über neue Spektren in der Glimmentladung mit Benzoldampf
Authors: Schüler H. , Reinebeck L.
Published: January 2015

Während die Änderung der Anregungsbedingungen bei Atomen das Verhältnis von Bogen-zu Funkenspektren variiert, treten bei vielatomigen organischen Molekülen außer der arteigenen Molekülemission auch Spektren auf, die Bruchstücken des Moleküls zugeordnet werden müssen. Die Methode, wie man in der positiven Säule einer Glimmentladung die Anregungsbedingungen ändern kann, ist in einer kürzlich erschienenen Arbeit1 beschrieben worden. Bei einer derartigen Untersuchung an Benzol erscheinen eine Reihe von Spektren, von denen vier bisher unbekannt waren. Diese Spektren sind isolierbar, weil jedes von ihnen nur unter bestimmten Anregungsbedingungen erscheint. Das Auftreten dieser Spektren ist vermutlich so zu verstehen, daß das Benzol je nach den Anregungsbedingungen in verschiedene Bruchstücke zerfällt, die durch ihr Leuchten nachgewiesen werden. Die Träger der vier neuen Spektren selbst lassen sich noch nicht definitiv angeben.
Zur Theorie der galvanomagnetischen Effekte bei gemischter Leitung
Authors: Welker H.
Published: January 2015

Die Berücksichtigung der endlichen Lebensdauer eines Elektron-Defektelektron-Paares führt bereits im Falle stationärer elektrischer und magnetischer Felder zu einer bisher nicht bekannten Feldstärkeabhängigkeit der Hall-Konstanten. Hand in Hand mit diesem Effekt geht eine zusätzliche Widerstandsänderung im Magnetfeld. Die fraglichen Effekte sind frequenzabhängig und auf das Gebiet der niedrigen Frequenzen beschränkt. Es wird die Beobachtungsmöglichkeit derartiger Effekte am Beispiel des Germaniums erläutert.
Diffusionstrennmaschine für Gase
Authors: Korsching H .
Published: January 2015

Es wird eine neue Apparatur beschrieben, die zur Trennung von Gasgemischen dient. Das Trennprinzip besteht in einer Kombination der Diffusion gegen ein strömendes Hilfsgas mit einem mechanischen Transport senkrecht zur Richtung des strömenden Hilfsgases. Die an mehreren Gasgemischen durchgeführten Messungen werden mitgeteilt.
Die Streuung eines Teilchens an einer Potentialschwelle
Authors: Koppe H.
Published: January 2015

Am Beispiel der Streuung eines Wellenpaketes an einer Potentialschwelle soll ein neues Verfahren zur Behandlung von Streuproblemen auseinandergesetzt werden. Durch eine Laplace-Transformation nach der Zeit wird das Problem auf die inhomogene zeitunabhängige Schrödinger-Gleichung zurückgeführt. Reflexions-und Durchlässigkeitskoeffizient können unmittelbar aus der zugehörigen Greenschen Funktion bestimmt werden.
Zur Gittertheorie der Ionenkristalle, insbesondere der Erdalkalichalkogenide
Authors: Brauer Peter
Published: January 2015

Im NaCl-Gitter ergibt das Born-Mayersche Abstoßungsgesetz zu große Wechselwirkung der übernächsten Nachbarn, außer wenn infolge der Größenverhältnisse der Ionen sich gleichnamige Ionen besonders nahe kommen. Im Falle der Erdalkalichalkogenide sind die elastischen Konstanten und die Dielektrizitätskonstante dann deutbar, wenn man zusätzlich eine Nichtionenbindung annimmt. Es wird dann verständlich, daß der Kristall sich bei Beanspruchungen, bei denen Valenzwinkel geändert werden, also bei Scherung oder Polarisation im elektrischen Feld, "steifer" verhält als bei Dehnung. Die für die Überlappungskräfte der Ionen charakteristische Konstante des BornMayersdien Gesetzes läßt sich dann bei Alkalihalogeniden und Erdalkalichalkogeniden etwa gleich machen. Es ergibt sich eine effektive Ionenladung, die etwas kleiner ist als die aus der Wertigkeit der Ionen folgende (beim MgO: z = 1,83 statt z = 2).
Die Reabsorption von Strahlung in der Quecksilberhochdruckentladung
Authors: Rössler Fritz
Published: January 2015

Für einige Wellenlängen von Linien-bzw. Kontinuumsstrahlung wird jeweils die Indikatrix gemessen. Es ergibt sich eine Abhängigkeit der Form der Lichtkurve von der Anregungsspannung des unteren Niveaus. Dieser für Linien und Kontinuum gleiche Zusammenhang gestattet es, für das gesamte Spektrum die räumliche Verteilung anzugeben. Eine Deutung der Form der Indikatrix führt zur Bestimmung des Absorptionsvermögens der Entladung. Mit Hilfe dieser Werte läßt sich einmal eine neuartige Messung der Temperatur in der Entladung, zum anderen ein Vergleich mit einem thermischen Strahler durchführen, der für Linien Übereinstimmung, für das Kontinuum dagegen keinerlei Übereinstimmung mit den beobachteten Strahlungsleistungen ergibt. Im letzteren Falle gilt also das Kirchhoffsche Gesetz nicht.
Versuche mit dem Scintillationszähler
Authors: Hanle W. , Schneider H.
Published: January 2015

Die günstigste Frequenzbreite der Verstärker für Scintillationszähler wird diskutiert. Messungen der Lumineszenz organischer Festkörper und Flüssigkeiten bei Anregung durch Korpuskelstoß werden mitgeteilt.
Absorptionsuntersuchungen an der sichtbaren Bande des Joddampfes
Authors: Luck Werner
Published: January 2015

Es werden die scheinbaren Extinktionskoeffizienten des Joddampfes bei 5461 Å bestimmt. Schon bei konstanter Schichtdicke sind hier bei verschiedenen Drucken positive und negative Abweichungen vom Lambertschen Gesetz zu beobachten. Durch Zusatz von Stickstoff wird erreicht, daß das Lambertsche Gesetz gültig wird, was durch den Übergang der Rotationsstruktur des Spektrums in ein Kontinuum gedeutet werden kann. Unsere Messungen sind innerhalb der experimentellen Fehlergrenze durch die Berechnungen der Gesamtabsorption überlappender Spektrallinien quantitativ zu erklären.
Antihepatotoxic Activity and Chemical Constituents of Buddleja asiatica Lour
Authors: El-Domiaty Maher M. , Wink Michael , Aal Mahmoud M. Abdel , Abou-Hashem Maged M. , Abd-Alla Rehab H.
Published: January 2015

A new natural compound, named 6-O-(3’’,4’’-dimethoxycinnamoyl) catalpol, was isolated from the defatted alcoholic extract of the flowering parts of Buddleja asiatica Lour. (family Scrophulariaceae). Other separated known compounds included steroids (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-O-glucoside, β-sitosterol-O-glucoside), iridoid glucosides (methyl catalpol, catalpol, aucubin), phenylpropanoids (isoacteoside and acteoside), a triterpene saponin (mimengoside A), flavonoids (diosmin and linarin) in addition to the free sugars mannitol and sucrose. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the polar fraction of the flowering parts and the roots showed substantial antihepatotoxic activity comparable to that of the lignan silymarin.
New Naphthoquinone Derivatives from the Ascomycete IBWF79B-90A
Authors: Schüffler Anja , Liermann Johannes C. , Kolshorn Heinz , Opatz Till , Anke Heidrun
Published: January 2015

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts from the fungus IBWF79B-90A resulted in the isolation of three known naphthoquinones, herbarin, dehydroherbarin, and O-methylherbarin and the azaanthraquinone scorpinone as well as three structurally related derivatives, O-phenethylherbarin and herbaridines A and B. All seven compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against several cell lines.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Coumarins from Seseli gummiferum subsp. corymbosum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Tosun Alev , Akkol Esra Küpeli , Yeşilada Erdem
Published: January 2015

1

n-Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts as well as coumarin derivatives obtained from the n-hexane extract of the aerial parts of Seseli gummiferum Pall. ex Sm. subsp. corymbosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.H. Davis (Apiaceae) were evaluated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the species were shown to possess significant inhibitory activity against the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and p-benzoquinone-induced writhing models in mice. Among the isolated coumarin derivatives; (−)-(3’S,4’S)-3’-acetoxy-4’-isovaleryloxy-3’,4’-dihydroseselin (), (−)-(3’S,4’S)-3’- acetoxy-4’-angeloyloxy-3’,4’-dihydroseselin (2), (+)-(3’S,4’S)-3’-hydroxy-4’-angeloyloxy-3’,4’- dihydroseselin (D-laserpitin) (3), (−)-(3’S,4’S)-3’-angeloyloxy-4’-hydroxy-3’,4’-dihydroseselin (4), and osthole (5), only the 3’-acetoxy derivatives 1 and 2 were found to possess potent antinociceptive and anti-infl ammatory activities, per os, without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage, while all other compounds and extracts were found to be ineffective in the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model assay.
Accumulation of Lignans by in vitro Cultures of Three Linum Species
Authors: Mohagheghzadeh Abdolali , Dehshahri Shadab , Hemmati Shiva
Published: January 2015

Justicidin B, an arylnaphthalene lignan, has strong cytotoxicity on chronic myeloid and chronic lymphoid leukemia cell lines. The first report of the production of justicidin B in a Linum species concerned in vitro culture of Linum austriacum. Therefore, culture characterization and presence of arylnaphthalene-type lignans in calli and plantlets of Linum tenuifolium from section Linastrum, Linum bienne, and Linum glaucum from section Linum were studied. Seed germination of L. tenuifolium in the light and darkness was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than of L. bienne in the light and L. glaucum in the darkness. L. tenuifolium seedling length in the darkness was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than under light conditions. There were no significant differences in the calli and shoot biomass weight, number and length of shoots in three species over one month, while the shoot diameter of L. bienne was significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of L. glaucum. Justicidin B was detected in L. glaucum callus and plantlet cultures by HPLC/MS/UV-DAD and HPLC coupled with a photodiode array detector. This finding is important from pharmaceutical point of view and shows the chemosystematic relation between L. glaucum and L. austriacum and this method will be a powerful tool for detecting natural products in interested and endangered medicinal plants.
The Role of Abscisic Acid in the Response of Two Different Wheat Varieties to Water Deficit
Authors: Mohamed Hala Ezzat , Ismail Ghada Saber M.
Published: January 2015

The changes in plant growth, transpiration rate, photosynthetic activity, plant pigments, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and endogenous content of abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in the leaves of two wheat varieties (sakha 93 and 94) during drought stress and subsequent rehydration. Drought stress caused several inhibitory changes in the growth of both wheat varieties, particularly in sakha 94. Exogenous ABA treatment improved the growth of sakha 93 plants as indicated by a higher relative water content, transpiration rate and lower electrolyte leakage and also enhanced the growth during the recovery period. Such improvement may be the result of the induction of enzymatic (catalase) and non-enzymatic (carotenoid) systems. ABA treatment did not ameliorate the negative effect of drought on the growth of sakha 94.
Modulation of Anticancer Drug-Induced P-Glycoprotein Expression by Naringin
Authors: Ali Mamdouh M. , Agha Fatma G. , El-Sammad Nermin M. , Hassan Sherien K.
Published: January 2015

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon that is often associated with decreased intracellular drug accumulation in the tumour cells of a patient, resulting from enhanced drug efflux. It is often related to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of tumour cells, thereby reducing drug cytotoxicity. In the present study, naringin (the predominant flavonone found in grapefruit and other related citrus species) was tested for its potential ability to modulate the expression of P-gp in a short-term animal bioassay, in comparison with verapamil (a calcium channel blocker and positive MDR reversal agent). Western blot analysis showed that pre-treatment by i.p. administration of 5 mg naringin/kg body weight for 3 consecutive days prior to doxorubicin (the most common used anticancer drug which induces MDR) administration was able to significantly lower the P-gp expression reaching nearly the level of animals treated with verapamil. Moreover, pre-treatment with naringin prior to doxorubicin increased the sensitivity to the drug. Naringin inhibited the doxorubicin-stimulated ATPase activity demonstrating that naringin may interact directly with the transporter. In addition, the results demonstrated that induction of both glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by doxorubicin is consistent with an increased ATP-dependent doxorubicin transport. Thus, naringin seems to modulate the in vivo expression of P-gp. In summary, the present study describes the dual modulation of P-gp expression and function by the flavonoid naringin, which may be an attractive new agent for the chemosensitization of cancer cells.
Characterization of Calcium Oxalate Biominerals in Pereskia Species (Cactaceae)
Authors: Monje Paula V. , Baran Enrique J.
Published: January 2015

Calcium oxalate druses were isolated from the stems and leaves of six Pereskioideae family members and investigated by infrared spectroscopy, showing that in all samples the biomineral was present in the form of whewellite, CaC2O4 · H2O. As Pereskia is thought to represent the “ancestral” condition of the leafl ess stem-succulent cacti, these results suggest that the biomineralization of calcium oxalate in Cactaceae represents a primitive characteristic of the group and also support a close genetic relationship between Pereskia and Opuntia.
Schistosomicidal Evaluation of Zanthoxylum naranjillo and its Isolated Compounds against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms
Authors: Braguine Caio G. , Costa Eveline S. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Silva Filho Ademar A. da , Bastos Jairo K. , Silva Márcio L. A. , Cunha Wilson R. , Januário Ana H. , Pauletti Patrícia M.
Published: January 2015

Chemical investigation of the EtOAc fraction (EF) obtained from the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum naranjillo (Rutaceae) leaves (EE) by preparative HPLC resulted in the isolation of protocatechuic acid (1), gallic acid (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), and 5-Ocaffeoylshikimic acid (4). This is the fi rst time that the presence of compounds 1 - 4 in Z. naranjillo has been reported. Compounds 1 - 4, the EE, and EF were tested in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. The results showed that the S. mansoni daily egg production decreased by 29.8%, 13.5%, 28.4%, 17.7%, 16.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. Compounds 1 and 3 were also able to separate adult worm pairs into male and female. This activity may be correlated with the reduction in egg production, since 1 and 3 showed better inhibitory properties compared with 2 and 4.
Menthalactone, a New Analgesic from Mentha cordifolia Opiz. Leaves
Authors: Villaseñor Irene M. , Sanchez Arlyn C.
Published: January 2015

Menthalactone, a new long-chain alkene with a bicyclic lactone moiety, was isolated as an analgesic constituent from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz. At a dosage of 100 mg/ kg mouse, it decreased the number of squirms induced by acetic acid by 67.3%. Statistical analysis using Kruskall Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks showed that menthalactone is different from the solvent control at α = 0.01 and approximates the analgesic activity of mefenamic acid at 0.001 level of significance.
Antiviral Activity of Solanum paniculatum Extract and Constituents
Authors: Valadares Ydia M. , Brandão Geraldo C. , Kroon Erna G. , Souza Filho José D. , Oliveira Alaíde B. , Braga Fernão C.
Published: January 2015

Solanum species are traditionally employed as antiherpes and anticancer agents in different countries. S. paniculatum has widespread ethnomedical uses in Brazil, including the treatment of viral infections. This paper reports on the isolation of neotigogenin (1) and the new compound Δ25(27)-tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), obtained as a mixture of R and S diastereoisomers at C22 from an ethanol extract of S. paniculatum leaves, along with the determination of their cytotoxicity against Vero cells and antiviral effect against human herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCv), and vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve (VACV-WR). The extract of S. paniculatum inhibited HHV-1 replication [EC50 = (298.0 ± 11.2) μg/ml] and showed no effect on EMCv and VACV-WR. On its turn, 1 was inactive against the assayed strains but presented high cytotoxicity [CC50 = (2.03 ± 0.03) μg/ml], whereas 2 exhibited signifi cant antiherpes [EC50 = (170.8 ± 1.7) μg/ml] and antivaccinia virus effects [EC50 = (177.0 ± 3.3) μg/ml], with low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 400 μg/ml). The results corroborate Solanum paniculatum as a source of cytotoxic and antiviral compounds.
Chemical and Biological Investigation of Araucaria heterophylla Salisb. Resin
Authors: Abdel-Sattar Essam , Monem Azza R. Abdel , Ezzat Shahira M. , El-Halawany Ali M. , Mouneir Samar M.
Published: January 2015

Three labdane diterpenes, namely labda-8(17),14-diene, 13-epicupressic acid, and 13-Oacetyl- 13-epicupressic acid, were isolated from the resin collected from stem exudates of Araucaria heterophylla Salisb. (Araucariaceae). The isolated compounds were identified using different spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC and COSY). The resin extract showed antiulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced stomach ulcers in Sprauge Dawely rats using ranitidine as standard. In addition, the resin and the isolated compounds showed variable cytotoxic activities against breast (MCF7) and colon (HCT116) cancer cell lines.
Characterization and Localization of the Vacuolar-Type ATPase in the Midgut Cells of Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Yang Huajun , Chen Huiqing , Chen Keping , Yao Qin , Zhao Guoli , Wu Chao , Lv Peng , Wang Lin
Published: January 2015

The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multifunctional enzyme that consists of several subunits. Subunit B is a part of the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The result of the RTPCR suggested that the V-ATPase B subunit is a ubiquitous gene. 24 h after the larvae were infected with the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), the expression level of the V-ATPase B subunit in the midgut of the resistant strain NB was about 3 times higher than in the susceptible strain 306, and then the expression level of the V-ATPase B subunit decreased rapidly to a very low level. This indicated that the virus may cause a lot of changes of physiological conditions in the midgut. Localization of the V-ATPase B subunit was attempted in midgut cells of Bombyx mori by immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical localization with the antibody against the B subunit revealed a positive staining in goblet cell apical membranes of Bombyx mori midgut cells as well as in the midgut of Manduca sexta. This sequence has been registered in GenBank under the accession number EU727173.
A Study of 3-Substituted Benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-indoline Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
Authors: Ölgen Süreyya , Özkan Semiha
Published: January 2015

3-Substituted benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-indoline derivatives were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for their their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by the 2-fold serial dilution technique in Mueller Hinton broth and Sabouraud dextrose agar using antibacterial and antifungal assays, respectively. For comparison of the antimicrobial activity, rifampicin, ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulfate, and ofloxacin were used as reference antibacterial agents, and fl uconazole and amphotericin B were employed as reference antifungal agents. The most active compound 10 showed notable inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida krusei. Compounds 1 and 6 were found slightly effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In addition, compounds 13 and 14 showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Indole derivatives were also tested in vitro for replication of the HepAD38 cell line and compared with lamivudine (3TC, L-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine). The IC50 values of the compounds were found to be >1000 μM against HBV except for compound 13 which exhibited activity with an IC50 value of 500 μM.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 5-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)- uridine Derivatives
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Adel A.-H. , Wada Takeshi
Published: January 2015

Some 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a 5-azidomethyluridine derivative with substituted acetylenes. The antiviral activities of these compounds against hepatitis A virus (HAV, MBB cell culture-adapted strain) and Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) were tested.
Synthesis and Biotransformation of Tetrahydroquinoline by Mortierella isabelina
Authors: Astudillo Luis , De la Guarda Waleska , Gutiérrez Margarita , San-Martín Aurelio
Published: January 2015

Tetrahydroquinoline (1), prepared by a traditional synthetic method, the imino Diels- Alder reaction, was biotransformed by Mortierella isabelina to afford a new compound, 2, characterized by spectroscopic methods.
Optimized Nutrient Medium for Galanthamine Production in Leucojum aestivum L. in vitro Shoot System
Authors: Georgiev Vasil , Berkov Strahil , Georgiev Milen , Burrus Monique , Codina Carles , Bastida Jaume , Ilieva Mladenka , Pavlov Atanas
Published: January 2015

The common effect of NH4
+, NO3
-, KH2PO4 and sucrose on the biosynthesis of galanthamine by a Leucojum aestivum shoot culture was studied. Polynominal regression models were elaborated for the description of the galanthamine biosynthesis as a consequence of variation of the investigated variables (NH4
+ between 0.20 and 0.54 g/L; NO3
- between 1.44 and 3.44 g/L; KH2PO4 between 0.10 and 0.24 g/L, and sucrose between 30.00 and 60.00 g/L). Optimization procedures allowed us to establish the optimal concentrations of the investigated variables and to propose the modified MS nutrient medium, with 4.50 g/L KNO3, 0.89 g/L NH4NO3, 1.25 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.10 g/L KH2PO4 and 60 g/L sucrose, for the galanthamine production by a Leucojum aestivum shoot culture. The proposed modified MS medium provided considerable increase of both the production yield and the relative content of the target alkaloid in the alkaloid mixture.
Brassinosteroids Counteract Abscisic Acid in Germination and Growth of Arabidopsis
Authors: Xue Li-Wei , Du Jun-Bo , Yang Hui , Xu Fei , Yuan Shu , Lin Hong-Hui
Published: January 2015

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in multiple plant growth and development processes, such as cell elongation, photomorphogenesis, flowering time control, and stress responses. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial to plant development and adaptation to stressful environments. The receptors and pathways of BRs and ABA have been deeply studied. But the relationship between them remained largely unknown and there are only few reports about it. Our experiments showed that the BR-deficient and BR-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants det2, bri1 - 5 and bri1 - 9 were more sensitive to ABA than the wild type (Ws-2), especially the det2 and bri1 - 9 mutants. Germination, hypocotyl and root elongation, and stomatal apertures of the mutants were more severely inhibited by ABA. All the results suggest that BRs counteract ABA in regulating plant growth, and the interaction may be complicated. The possible mechanisms are discussed.
Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Xue Li-Wei , Du Jun-Bo , Shang Jing , Xu Fei , Yuan Shu , Lin Hong-Hui
Published: January 2015

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.
Cross-Reactivity of Schistosoma mansoni-Fasciola gigantica Influenced by Saponins
Authors: Maghraby Amany Sayed , Shaker Kamel H. , Gaber Hanaa M.
Published: January 2015

The aim of the present work was to investigate the Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola gigantica cross-reactivity between adult worms and egg homogenates of the parasites. Immunoprophylactic effects of crude Schistosoma mansoni worms and egg antigens mixed with or without saponins extracted from Atriplex nummularia were studied followed by challenge with 80 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Our results showed that post 1st immunization with schistosome egg antigens (SEA) there was a significant change (P ≈ 0.05) in the IgM levels against Fasciola egg homogenate (FgEH) without saponins. Post 2nd immunization with SEA mixed with saponins the levels of IgM increased significantly (P ≈ 0.05) against Fasciola worm homogenate (FgWH) as compared with a non-immunized group. Post 2nd immunization the level of IgG was significantly elevated (P ≈ 0.05) by SEA mixed with saponins against FgWH. Post 2nd immunizations with SEA mixed with saponins showed a signifi cant change (P ≈ 0.05) in IgG levels against FgEH. These results clearly demonstrated that there is a cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni eggs and Fasciola gigantica worms and eggs. Saponins were found to be immunostimulatory adjuvants in our study
Rab5 Affinity Chromatography without Nonhydrolyzable GTP Analogues
Authors: Hagiwara Makoto , Kobayashi Ken-Ichi , Tadokoro Tadahiro , Yamamoto Yuji
Published: January 2015

Rab5 is an important small GTPase involved in endocytosis and membrane trafficking. Rab5-binding proteins can be identified using Rab5 affinity chromatography with nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues such as GTPγS or GppNHp. However, this method requires significant quantities of the GTP analogue and is thus time-consuming and expensive. In the present report we show a faster and more cost-effective method that does not use a GTP analogue but uses constitutively the active Rab5 mutant (Rab5Q79L) as a ligand. To validate this method, the binding of EEA-1 was confirmed and several novel Rab5-binding proteins were also identified by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
7-Ketocholesterol Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in HT-29 Cells
Authors: Lee Won-Hyo , Lee Choong Sik , Kwon Kisang , Kwon Young-Sook , Kim Seung-Whan , Goo Tae-Won , Kwon O-Yu
Published: January 2015

7-Ketocholesterol (7-Kchol, oxidized cholesterol) is an important mediator of cell death in atherosclerosis mediated by up-regulated Nox 4 gene expression. In the current study using the human colon cancer HT-29 cell line, we have demonstrated that 7-Kchol promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via gene up-regulation of ER chaperone and membrane kinases.
Cytotoxicity of Vincristine on the 5637 Cell Line Is Enhanced by Combination with Conferone
Authors: Neshatia Vajiheh , Matin Maryam M. , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Bahrami Ahmad R. , Behravan Javad , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Rassouli Fatemeh Behnam
Published: January 2015

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with the highest incidence in industrialized countries. There are three major histological subtypes of bladder cancer: transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (>90%), squamous cell carcinoma (<10%) and adenocarcinoma (1 - 2%). The present study was carried out to assess the effects of conferone, a sesquiterpene coumarin isolated from Ferula badrakema, on a TCC subline, 5637 cells. In order to test the effects of conferone, 5637 cells were treated with different concentrations (16, 32, 64, 128 μg/ml) of conferone. The results indicated that conferone did not have any significant cytotoxic effect on these neoplastic cells. To determine the combining effects, the cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of conferone (16, 32, 64, 128 μg/ ml) and vincristine (30, 40, 50 μg/ml) in combination. The morphological changes were then observed and cytotoxicity effects were studied using the MTT assay 24, 48 and 72 h following drug administration. The cells were more rounded and granulated after treatments with both drugs in comparison to vincristine only. The results of the MTT assay confi rmed the morphological observations. After 48 h of combined treatment with 40 μg/ml vincristine and 16 μg/ml conferone, the cytotoxicity of vincristine was increased by 23.6%
Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of New N4-β-D-Glycoside Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: El-Sayed Wael A. , Ramiz Mahmoud M. M. , Abdel-Rahman Adel A.-H.
Published: January 2015

1

The reaction of 6-hydrazinyl-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione () with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile afforded 5-amino-1-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin- 6-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (2). The latter was reacted with formamide and urea affording the corresponding 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 3 and 4. The reaction of monosaccharide aldoses with 3 and 4 gave stereoselectively the β-N-glycosides 5a - d and 6a - d which were treated with acetic anhydride in pyridine to afford the corresponding acetylated derivatives 7a - d and 8a - d. The prepared compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and showed moderate to high activities
A New Tetrahydrofuran Derivative from the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp. Isolated from Otanthus maritimus
Authors: Aly Amal H. , Debbab Abdessamad , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie , Wray Victor , Müller Werner E. G. , Lin Wenhan , Ebel Rainer , Proksch Peter
Published: January 2015

1

A hitherto unidentified endophytic strain of the genus Chaetomium, isolated from the medicinal plant Otanthus maritimus, yielded a new tetrahydrofuran derivative, aureonitolic acid (), along with 5 known natural products, 2 - 6. The structure of 1 was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. Extracts of the fungus, grown either in liquid culture or on solid rice media, exhibited considerable cytotoxic activity when tested in vitro against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Compounds 2 and 6 showed significant growth inhibition against L5178Y cells with EC50 values of 7.0 and 2.7 μg/mL, respectively, whereas 1 was inactive
Co-Production of Bisphenylpropanoid Amides and Meroterpenes by an Endophytic Penicillium brasilianum Found in the Root Bark of Melia azedarach
Authors: Fill Taicia P. , Santos Regina M. Geris dos , Barisson Anderson , Rodrigues-Filho Edson , Souza Antonia Q. L.
Published: January 2015

A fungus, isolated from the root bark of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), from which a series of meroterpenes have been reported, was identified as Penicillium brasilianum based on analysis of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. From a rice culture of this fungus, the known phenylpropanoid amides brasiliamide A and B were obtained together with and a new, slightly modified congener, along with the meroterpenoids preaustinoid A1, preaustinoid B2 and austinolide. The compounds were isolated by the use of combined chromatographic procedures and identified by physical methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments, with distinction for 1H{15N} HMBC applied to brasiliamide A. The amides were tested for their antimicrobial activity and showed only weak inhibitory effects, against a set of pathogenic bacteria
Cell Viability and Leakage of Electrolytes in Avicennia germinans Exposed to Heavy Metals
Authors: Gonzalez-Mendozaa Daniel , Quiroz-Moreno Adriana , Medrano Rosa Escobedo Gracia , Grimaldo-Juareza Onecimo , Zapata-Perez Omar
Published: January 2015

The effect of heavy metal stress on the cell viability and leakage of electrolytes of Avicennia germinans leaf discs was investigated by the tissue tolerance test. Foliar discs were incubated with different Cd2+ or Cu2+ concentrations for 24 h; thereafter, the cell membrane stability of the tissue was assayed by the cell viability Evans blue and leakage electrolytes methods. The results indicated that electrolyte leakage of the leaf discs increased 24 h after exposure to heavy metal stress, as shown by a reduction of the cell viability by 30% in discs exposed to higher doses of Cd2+ (0.546 M) and Cu2+ (0.7 M), respectively. Additionally, the histological analysis of the leaf discs exposed to heavy metal stress revealed that at higher Cd2+ and/or Cu2+ concentrations an increase in the intercellular spaces and destruction of mesophyll cells was observed 24 h after exposure. In summary, the biochemical and structural changes observed in foliar tissues of A. germinans suggest that higher cadmium and copper concentrations may result in structural changes and altered physiological characters in leaves
Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Effects of Isorosmanol
Authors: Park So-Young
Published: January 2015

The neurotoxicity induced by beta-amyloid (Aβ), which is one of the major causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leads to synaptic loss and subsequent neuronal death. Therefore, modulation of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, as well as regeneration of damaged synapses could be important therapeutic approaches to control AD. In this study, we found that isorosmanol, an abietane-type diterpene, protected PC12 cells against Aβ-induced toxicity. Furthermore, isorosmanol promoted the generation of neurites. The neurotrophic effect of isorosmanol was enhanced by co-treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, the neurite outgrowth induced by isorosmanol was accompanied by F-actin redistribution and increased expression of neurofilaments. Taken together, these results suggest that isorosmanol possesses both neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, that might be beneficial for controlling A`D
Isolation and Characterization of New Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains as Producers of the Antimicrobial Pigment Pulcherrimin
Authors: Türkel Sezai , Ener Beyza
Published: January 2015

Metschnikowia pulcherrima is a highly effective biocontrol yeast due to its pigment pulcherrimin that accumulates in the cells and in the growth medium. Three different strains of M. pulcherrima were isolated from local grapes. The yeast isolates were characterized on the basis of their biochemical, physiological and ITS1-5.8 s rDNA-ITS2 region. Based on the obtained results, the M. pulcherrima isolates were identifi ed as new strains of M. pulcherrima. Strong antagonistic activities of the M. pulcherrima strains on the human pathogens Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Trichosporon mucoides were determined. In addition, antagonistic effects of these M. pulcherrima strains were also tested against Aspergillus fl avus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., and Bipolaris spp. and it was shown that the three different strains of M. pulcherrima also have an antagonistic effect on the growth of these fungal species at different extents. This study showed that all three strains of M. pulcherrima produce the same amount of the pigment pulcherrimin, but their antimicrobial activities on different microorganisms show important variations
Effects of Limonoids from Cipadessa fruticosa on Fall Armyworm
Authors: Matos Andreia P. , Leite Ana C. , Batista-Pereira Luciane G. , Vieira Paulo C. , Fernandes João B. , Silva Maria Fátima das G. F. da
Published: January 2015

Six mexicanolide limonoids isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the fruits of Cipadessa fruticosa Blume (Meliaceae) were evaluated against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Gedunin was used as a positive control. When incorporated into an artificial diet of neonates at 50.0 mg kg-1, febrifugin A showed 73.3% mortality. All the compounds showed moderate insecticidal activity, except for ruageanin A, when compared with the control. Febrifugin also showed growth inhibition and antifeedant activities (at 100.0 mg kg-1). The correlation between the insecticidal activity of the isolated compounds and their chemical structure was discussed.
Antifeedant Activity of Anticopalic Acid Isolated from Vitex hemsleyi
Authors: Gómez Clarisa Villegas , Martínez-Vázquez Mariano , Esquivel Baldomero
Published: January 2015

The known labdane-type diterpenoids anticopalic acid (1) and 3β-hydroxyanticopalic acid (2) were isolated from extracts of the aerial parts of Vitex hemsleyi Briq. (Labiatae). The acid 1 showed an antifeedant, dose-dependent activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). To our knowledge this is the first report on the antifeedant activity of a labdane-type diterpene against S. frugiperda.
Bioactivity of Flavonoids Isolated from Lychnophora markgravii against Leishmania amazonensis Amastigotes
Authors: Salvador Marcos José , Sartori Fabiana Terezinha , Sacilotto Ana Claudia B. C. , Pral Elizabeth M. F. , Alfieri Silvia Celina , Vichnewski Walter
Published: January 2015

The bioactivity of the flavonoids pinostrobin (1), pinocembrin (2), tectochrysin (3), galangin 3-methyl ether (4), and tiliroside (5) isolated from Lychnophora markgravii aerial parts was investigated in vitro against amastigote stages of Leishmania amazonensis. The compounds were isolated by several chromatographic techniques and their chemical structures were established by ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The flavonoids 1 and 3 were the most active compounds; they markedly reduced the viability of Leishmania amastigotes.
Effect of Abiotic and Biotic Elicitors on Growth and Alkaloid Accumulation of Lycoris chinensis Seedlings
Authors: Mu Hong-mei , Wang Ren , Li Xiao-dan , Jiang Yu-mei , Wang Chun-yan , Quan Jun-ping , Peng Feng , Xia Bing
Published: January 2015

Three-month-old seedlings of Lycoris chinensis were treated with biotic and abiotic elicitors: yeast elicitor (YE), methyl jasmonate (MJ), salicylic acid (SA), and sodium nitroprusside as NO donator (NO). We have shown that the addition of MJ and NO promotes the accumulation of galanthamine in these seedlings. The effect of these elicitors on the growth of the seedlings, as well as on the amount of the alkaloids accumulated in the seedlings was studied. The results showed that, in general, high doses of MJ and SA had a negative effect on the growth of the seedlings, while appropriate doses of NO and YE had a positive effect on the growth of the seedlings. It was remarkable that the addition of MJ, NO, and YE can promote galanthamine accumulation in seedlings. The accumulation was higher in treatments at higher concentrations of NO (100 μM), where the release of galanthamine was 1.72-fold higher than that of the control at the 10th day of culture. The highest values of lycorine were obtained in seedlings treated with YE at a concentration of 0.01 g/l and by the 10th day of culture; the level was 1.38 times of the control.
DNA Damage and Repair of Head and Neck Cancer Cells after Radio- and Chemotherapy
Authors: Rusin Pawel , Walczak Anna , Zwierzchlejska Anita , Olszewski Jurek , Morawiec-Bajda Alina , Kaczmarczyk Dariusz , Kusmierczyk Krzysztof , Garncarek Pawel , Pytel Dariusz , Sliwinński Tomasz , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: January 2015

DNA repair is critical for successful chemo- and radiotherapy of human tumours, because their genotoxic sensitivity may vary in different types of cancer cells. In this study we have compared DNA damage and the efficiency of its repair after genotoxic treatment with hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin and γ-radiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Lymphocytes and tissue cells from biopsies of 37 cancer patients and 35 healthy donors as well as the HTB-43 larynx cancer cell line were employed. The cell sensitivity to genotoxic treatment was estimated by the MTT survival assay. The extent of DNA damage and efficiency of its repair was examined by the alkaline comet assay. Among the examined treatments, we found that HNSCC cells were the most sensitive to γ-radiation and displayed impaired DNA repair. In particular, DNA damage was repaired less effectively in cells from HNSCC metastasis than healthy controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that the different genotoxic sensitivity of HNSCC cells may depend on their DNA repair capacity what in turn may be connected with the effectiveness of head and neck cancer therapy.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Indole-2-carboxamides As Potent Lipid-Lowering Agents in Triton-WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Al-Qirim Tariq , Shahwan Moyad , Shattat Ghassan , Al-Hiari Yusuf , Sheikha Ghassan Abu , Zaidi Syed
Published: January 2015

The lipid-lowering effects of two novel antihyperlipidemic agents, BMI2C [N-(4-benzoylphenyl)- 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxamide] and DDMI2C [N-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracen- 2-yl)-5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxamide], were studied using hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model; hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 (200 mg/kg body weight). At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, BMI2C and DDMI2C signifi cantly reduced elevated plasma triglyceride levels after 7 and 24 h. Furthermore, BMI2C and DDMI2C significantly reduced elevated plasma total cholesterol levels after 24 h. Interestingly, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in all treated groups. These findings indicate that the two studied novel compounds have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis
Myricetin May Provide Protection against Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Erythrocytes
Authors: Pandey Kanti Bhooshan , Mishra Neetu , Rizvi Syed Ibrahim
Published: January 2015

Oxidative stress is believed to be a major contributing factor in the development of late complications of diabetes. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that several parameters of red blood cell function and integrity are negatively affected by increased oxidative stress. Plant polyphenols are reported to exert many biological effects due to their antioxidant property. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant effect of myricetin on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetic patients. The study was carried out on blood samples obtained from 23 type 2 diabetic patients and 23 age-matched control subjects. Erythrocytes were subjected to in vitro oxidative stress by incubating with 10-5 M tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl group levels. The results showed an elevated MDA and protein carbonyl content in diabetic erythrocytes which were further increased after incubation with t-BHP. Myricetin at micromolar concentration significantly (p < 0.01) protected an t-BHP-induced increase in levels of oxidative stress parameters of diabetic erythrocytes
Nγ-Alkyl Derivatives of L-Glutamine As Inhibitors of Glutamine- Utilizing Enzymes
Authors: Prokop Marta , Czarnecka Justyna , Milewska Maria J.
Published: January 2015

A general, facile method to synthesize the N'-alkyl and N',N'-dialkyl derivatives of Lglutamine 1a-d from L-glutamic acid as a starting substrate is presented. The obtained compounds are shown to inhibit three different glutamine-utilizing enzymes, namely: glutaminase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, with inhibitory constants within the millimolar range
3-O-trans-Caffeoylisomyricadiol: A New Triterpenoid from Tamarix nilotica Growing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Orfali Raha S. , Ebada Sherif S. , El-Shafae Azza M. , Al-Taweel Areej M. , Lin Wen H. , Wray Victor , Proksch Peter
Published: January 2015

A detailed chemical study of the aerial parts of Tamarix nilotica (Tamaricaceae) from Saudi Arabia led to the isolation of a new pentacyclic triterpenoid, 3-O-trans-caffeoylisomyricadiol, in addition to nine known compounds. The structures of all isolated compounds were unambiguously elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and mass spectrometry. In the radical scavenging (DPPH) assay, 3-O-trans-caffeoylisomyricadiol exhibited potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 3.56 μM, while that for quercetin (standard antioxidant) was 5.72 μM
Isoflavonoid Production in a Hairy Roots Culture of Pueraria candollei
Authors: Udomsuk Latiporn , Jarukamjorn Kanokwan , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Putalun Waraporn
Published: January 2015

A hairy roots culture of Pueraria candollei was established using Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 and grown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The highest production of total isoflavonoids was found to be (36.48 ± 4.09) mg/g dry wt [(3.39 ± 0.20) mg/g dry wt puerarin, (29.91 ± 3.74) mg/g dry wt daidzin, (1.65 ± 0.09) mg/g dry wt genistin, (0.76 ± 0.03) mg/g dry wt daidzein, and (0.76 ± 0.03) mg/g dry wt genistein, respectively]. The total isoflavonoid content in hairy roots of P. candollei was 5.18-fold higher than that of the native tuber. Effects of sucrose content and medium type on growth and isoflavonoid production were investigated. 5% (w/v) Sucrose was an optimum content for the growth and isoflavonoid accumulation in P. candollei hairy roots. Half-strength MS medium had the highest effect for biomass production whereas woody plant medium had mostly stimulated isoflavonoid content in hairy roots