bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem of Child Sexual Abuse and the Response of Judiciary: an Analytical Study
Authors: Preeti Gour
Published: August 2021

Child sexual abuse is a tragic reality of every society which has always been tried to hide. However, Child Sexual abuse is a social constriction and its definition and conceptualization are also socially constructed phenomena. Children are the most sensitive and delicate part of every family, society and Nation, hence the risk of their vulnerability are also very high. In such a situation, the increasing incident of sexual abuse against children is extremely frightening. The NCRB data released every year is also telling a similar horrifying picture. Whereas many cases occurring in homes remain unreported and unfortunately many children are forced to bear all pain of sexual abuse silently. Child sexual abuse is a very serious issue and should therefore be taken with utmost seriousness and sensitivity. considering the severity of problem in 2012, the POCSO Act was passed by parliament with the main objective of protection of children from various kind of sexual abuses and offence .In 2018 after a horrifying incident of khatua, in Jammu and Kashmir, some amendments were made in POCSO Act and IPC under which in some aggravated forms of sexual crime against children it has been added stringent provisions ranging from life imprisonment to death sentence. But all these legal remedies will prove to be completely useless. If our judicial system adopts the same criteria on such crimes as it does in others cases of sexual offences as seen in many judicial decisions. Majour Singh case, Mathura Rape case and Rahim Beg case are the few great example of injustice precedent.

Keywords: child sexual abuse, sexual violence, molestation, criminal justice system, judiciary, protection of children, POCSO Act and IPC.
The sporadic sodium layer: a possible tracer for the conjunction between the upper and lower atmospheres
Authors: Qiu Shican , Wang Ning , Soon Willie , Lu Gaopeng , Jia Mingjiao , Wang Xingjin , Xue Xianghui , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this research, we reveal the inter-connection between lightning strokes, reversal of the electric field, ionospheric disturbances, and a sodium
layer (NaS), based on the joint observations by a temperature/wind (T/W, where the slash means “and”) lidar, an ionosonde, an atmospheric electric mill, a fluxgate
magnetometer, and the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). Our results suggest that lightning strokes could trigger or amplify the
formation of an NaS layer in a descending sporadic E layer (ES), through a mechanism that involves the overturning of the electric
field. A conjunction between the lower and upper atmospheres could be established as follows by these inter-connected phenomena, and the key processes could be suggested to be: lightning strokes → overturning of the electric field → ES generating NaS.
Comparison of Iatrogenic Soft Tissue Trauma in Robotic-Assisted versus Manual Partial Knee Arthroplasty
Authors:   Advanced Technology and Research Joint Replacement Division Stryker Mahwah, New Jersey, Hampp Emily , Scholl Laura ,   Advanced Technology and Research Joint Replacement Division Stryker Mahwah, New Jersey, Faizan Ahmad ,   Advanced Technology and Research Joint Replacement Division Stryker Mahwah, New Jersey, Sodhi Nipun ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Long Island Jewish Medical Center  Northwell Health New York, New York, Mont Michael ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery  Lenox Hill Hospital  Northwell Health New York, New York, Westrich Geoffrey ,   Joint Replacement Service Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery Adult Reconstruction and  Joint Replacement Service Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York
Published: August 2021

Partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) is performed to treat end-stage osteoarthritis in a single compartment. There are minimal data characterizing soft-tissue injuries for PKA with robotic and manual techniques. This cadaver study compared the extent of soft-tissue trauma sustained through robotic-arm assisted PKA (RPKA) and manual PKA (MPKA). Five surgeons prepared 24 cadaveric knees for medial PKA, including six MPKA controls and 18 RPKA assigned into three different workflows: RPKA-LB (six knees) – RPKA with legacy burr; RPKA-NB (six knees) – RPKA with new burr design; and RPKA-NBS (six knees) – RPKA with new burr design and oscillating saw. Two surgeons estimated trauma to the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), medial capsule, posterior capsule, and posterior cruciate ligament (PCLs) using a five-grade system: Grade 1 – complete soft tissue preservation; Grade 2 – ≤25%; Grade 3 – 26 to 50%; Grade 4 – 51 to 75%; and Grade 5 – ≥76% trauma. A total trauma grade was assigned by summing the grades. Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to assess outcomes. When compared to the MPKA group, all RPKA subgroups had lower total trauma grading (p<0.01), lower posterior capsular damage (p<0.01), and less severe ACL damage (p<0.01). The analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the three RPKA workflows. As this study was performed using cadaveric specimens, additional investigations are necessary to determine associations between robotic or manual-assisted technique, observed soft tissue damage, and postoperative clinical outcomes following PKA.
Results of the Surgical Treatment in Children with Hirschprung Disease: A 12-Year Experience
Authors: Cesur Ceren , Celayir Ayşenur
Published: August 2021

Objective: In the treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease, many surgical techniques have been developed and modified including laparotomy, resection of the affected colon segment, and pull-through of the functional bowel segment to the anus. Conventional surgical methods have many early and late postoperative complications, albeit at a reduced rate today. In this study, it was aimed to compare the treatment results of children with Hirschsprung Disease who were operated with single or two-stage techniques in our department. Method: Hospital records of the patients operated for Hirschsprung disease were retrospectively evaluated. Demografic characteristics, findings of physical and rectal examinations, X-rays findings, rectal biopsy results, surgical treatment methods and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Fifty-two children including 41-male (78.8%) and 11-female (21.2%) patients with age ranging from 1-day to 5-year and mean age of 6.8-day in neonates and 6.3-month in others were enrolled in the study. All patients presented with acute or subacute intestinal obstruction. Levels were observed on supine abdominal radiographs in all; transition zone and retention of opaque material were observed on opaque enema or retention radiographs.In patients whose rectal biopsies revealed aganglionic megacolon two staged procedures were performed including initial colostomy followed by definitive procedure of Duhamel with stapler in 30, and Soave in 12, and Swenson in 1 patient. Nine patients were operated with one-stage endorectal pull-through technique. The complication rate in 43 patients with Hirschsprung disease managed by two staged operative procedure was (78.8%), and it was 11.1% in 9 cases that underwent transanal endorectal pullthrough procedure. It was learned that effective anal dilatation was not performed in 22-patients who had postoperative enterocolitis attacks. Conclusion: In addition to the low complication rate, the morbidity rates in the transanal endorectal pull-through method, which achieved successful results with only one procedure, were very low compared to multiple-stage operations.
Results of Crystalized Phenol Application in the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease in Children: Our Single Center Experience
Authors: Baltrak Yusuf Atakan , Söğüt Seniha Esin , Varlıklı Onursal
Published: August 2021

Objective: The debate about the etiology of Pilonidal Sinus Disease (PSD) continues over whether the disease is congenital or acquired. After determining the etiologic factora, new pilonidal sinus treatment methods have been developed. Method: The 6-month follow-up results of patients who were treated with crystallized phenol (CF) application with the diagnosis of PSD between March 2020 and August 2020 in the Pediatric Surgery Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were evaluated by age, height, weight, gender, body mass index, number of sinus mouths, sinus mouth width, sacral cupping distance and cyst diameter by imaging method and pilonidal sinus area measurement. After three consecutive weeks of CF administration, a two-week break was given. Every three weeks of treatment was considered as one treatment cycle. CF treatment was considered unsuccessful for patients whose pilonidal sinus cavity was not closed at the end of three cycles and the complaint of discharge persisted. Results: During the study period, 21 patients with PSH and a maximum of three sinus orifices were treated with CF in our clinic. Including 15 (71.4%) male and 6 (18.6%) female cases. The median age of the patients was 16 (14-17.5) years. In two patients (9.5%) who received three cycles of treatment, the treatment was considered as CF treatment failure because of the persistence of discharge complaints, and surgical treatment was planned for the patient. In the findings obtained as a result of the follow-up of the patients, it was observed that three patients (14.2%) had temporary painless transient dermatitis during follow-up due to phenol applied. Conclusion: The application of CF in the PSD treatment in pediatric age group should be considered as an acceptable method that can be easily applied by any surgeon with its short hospital stay, its applicability under local anesthesia in outpatient clinic conditions, low postoperative complications, high success rates, and low cost.
Perancangan sistem informasi pelayanan jasa perbaikan mesin industri berbasis Java
Authors: Septiana Laila , Novelia Ucu Kania
Published: August 2021

Ada beberapa perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa pengerjaan pemanasan induksi, hidrolik, permesinan dan fabrikasi di daerah Jawa Barat. Pengolahan data transaksi dan laporan transaksi atas penjualan jasa perbaikan mesin industri pada perusahaan masih dikerjakan dengan sistem pengolahan  konvensional  yaitu dengan catatan pada buku pencatatan transaksi dan  bantuan aplikasi Ms. Excel, hal ini menyebabkan sering terjadi kendala diantaranya rentan terjadi kerangkapan data, pengarsipan dokumen menggunakan media kertas yang terkadang hilang atau tercecer sehingga laporan yang dihasilkan kurang maksimal. Perancangan sistem yang  terkomputerisasi ini diharapkan mampu memberikan alternatif pemecahan masalah pada sistem informasi pelayanan jasa servis mesin di perusahaan agar semua kegiatan yang ada menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien serta laporan yang dihasilkan lebih akurat. Aplikasi ini dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan perangkat lunak prototype, program aplikasi ini dibangun dengan menggunakan Netbeans IDE 8.1 sebagai bahasa pemprograman dan pengolahan database menggunakan MySQL. Perancangan aplikasi pelayanan jasa servis mesin industri dapat
Pengaruh budaya organisasi, pengembangan karir dan self efficacy terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Pos Padang
Authors: Azizi Putri , Karlinda Ai Elis , Sopali Mardhatila Fitri
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence Organizational Culture, Career Development, and Self Efficacy have on Employee Performance. The analytical method used is correlation analysis and multiple regression. The method of data collection in this study is to use a questionnaire filled out by respondents, namely employees of PT. Padang Post. From the results of multiple regression analysis, it shows that: (a) organizational culture has a partially significant effect on employee performance, (b) career development has a partially significant effect on employee performance, (c) self-efficacy has a partially significant effect on employee performance development, (d) ) organizational culture, career development and self-efficacy together on career development, (e) the contribution of organizational culture, career development, and self-efficacy variables together on employee performance is 71.4% while the remaining 28.6 % influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
Pentingnya teknologi untuk pengusaha
Authors: Rohmawati Tatik , Setyawati Delinda Irlyana , Isra Ladia Sonnya , Saputra Herry
Published: August 2021

Bisnis Elektronik atau E-business adalah kegiatan transaksi, jual beli, bisnis yang dilakukan melalui perangkat elektronik atau internet untuk berinteraksi langsung dengan pelanggan, pemasok, dan reaktor bisnis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada studi literatur dengan referensi dari buku-buku yang membahas tentang e-business, baik buku teks, e-book, maupun dari diskusi terbuka tentang e-business di Internet. Tahap perancangan konseptual dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu Information, Fungsional, dan Pemodelan Navigasi. Pemodelan informasi mengamati jenis informasi yang dibutuhkan, pemodelan fungsional mengamati fungsi-fungsi tersebut, dan pemodelan navigasi dianggap navigasi global melalui informasi dan fungsionalitas. Rata-rata orang memilih untuk menyetujui penggunaan teknologi e-business sebagai strategi baru bagi wirausahawan. Hasil penelitian pertama membuktikan bahwa variabel independen berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kewirausahaan wanita yang menggunakan teknologi e-business di Bandung. Variabel modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kewirausahaan perempuan melalui teknologi e-business di Bandung.
The Utilization of E-Learning for Improving Knowledge on Covid-19 Prevention and Control for Paramedics at Permata Bunda Hospital in Medan
Authors: . Masrul , Halim Sahat
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has been declared a world pandemic by WHO. This virus and disease are known to have started in the city of Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of March 21, 2020, the number of cases of this disease has reached 275,469 people, spread across 166 countries, including Indonesia. Prevention is the key to deciding the transmission process so it is necessary to carry out a process of increasing knowledge through an e-learning system.
Method: This research is analytic with cross sectional design with 188 participants. This study uses a questionnaire measuring tool that is accessed online and analyzed into univariate and bivariate
Result: The use of e-learning has proven to be an effect in increasing paramedics knowledge about COVID-19. From the results of Wilcoxon's analysis, there are differences in knowledge before and after the use of e-learning. The average post-test score has increased by about 72 when compared to the pre-test mean score.
Conclusion: Some paramedics already have good knowledge about COVID-19, but the use of e-learning has proven to be effective in increasing paramedic knowledge.

Keywords: COVID - 19, e - learning, knowledge.
Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio and Profitability on Company Value with Dividend Policy as a Moderating Variable in Consumer Industry Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018
Authors: Chandra Jesselin , Toni Nagian , Hutagalung Galumbang
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of debt to equity ratio and profitability on company value with dividend policy as a moderating variable in Consumer Industry Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2018. The population in this study is a Consumer Industry Companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, in order to obtain 17 companies with 4 years of observation to 68 observations. The data analysis tool uses SmartPLS 3.0. The results of the analysis show that the debt to equity ratio has a positive and significant effect on company value, profitability has no effect on company value, dividend policy is able to moderate the effect of debt to equity ratio and profitability on company value and dividend policy is not able to moderate the effect of profitability on company value. Debt to equity ratio and profitability can explain the value of the company value by 62.7% while the remaining 37.3% is explained by other variables. Suggestions for company value to be able to pay attention and regulate as well as possible the level of utilization of the profits obtained and the determination of dividends to be distributed to investors in making decisions related to increasing company value.

Keywords: Debt to Equity Ratio, Profitability, Company Value, Dividend Policy.
Indigenous Knowledge and Endogenous Development: Exploring Survival Strategy of a Tribal Community of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Raul Manoj , Majumdar Koustab , Chatterjee Dipankar
Published: August 2021

Indigenous communities depend directly on natural ecosystems for their livelihoods — wild plants and animals for food, for clothing, for fuel, medicine, and shelter. The deteriorating ecological situation, persistent poverty, social, political and religious tensions and the reduction of biological and cultural diversity present a polycrisis for which new answers are urgently needed. It is in this context the relevance of Indigenous knowledge has entered in the mainstream of sustainable development and the concept of endogenous development has received greater attention. Endogenous development refers to development that is mainly, though not exclusively, based on locally available resources, such as land, water, vegetation, knowledge, skills and competencies. The present article is an endeavor to document the customary practices based on indigenous knowledge of a Sauria-Paharia community in relation to their livelihood strategies for survival in a hostile condition. The article highlights the localized livelihood organization encompassing pattern of resource identification and use, ‘local laws’ of resource conservation, labor organization in terms of acquisition of specialized knowledge, continuity of knowledge through customary networks and distribution of knowledge in terms of age and gender. Despite the presence of all the strength required for the endogenous development, the villagers have to combat with the challenges imposed by the extraneous factors like religious conversion, culturally incompatible education system, intervention of development agencies and programmes and acculturation of the tribal society into the non-tribal framework through greater participation in different fairs and festivals of other ethnic and religious groups. Finally, the article tries to explore the possibilities of endogenous development in the changing scenario by rapprochement of persisting knowledge base of the community and the factors deviating the community from their customary practices that so far been successful in the local context.

Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, Customary Practices, Endogenous Development, Sauria Paharia.
Comprehensive Review of Formulations Mentioned for Vatavyadhi Chikitsa in Classical Texts
Authors: Sharma Vikas Kumar
Published: August 2021

Vatavyadhi Chikitsa (treatment) deals with diseases particularly caused by Vata dosha. (base of body) Vatavyadhi in present era is the most prevalent disease. Now a days Vatavyadhi are mostly concerned with neurological system, musculoskeletal system, reticulo-endothelial system and further pervades to all other systems in the body. Vata is the only dosha which governs all the other entities of the body like Pitta, Kapha,(other doshas means base of body) and Dhatu (fundamental support of body) etc. Diseases caused by vata in its vitiated (imbalance) condition are called Vatavyadhi. So, it is important to know the formulations which are mentioned in Classical texts especially in Brihattrayi (collection of three books) in order to keep all the body functions in equilibrium.

Keywords: Vatavyadhi, Brihattrayee, Vata, Pitta, Kapha, formulations.
Rancang Bangun Alat Penanganan Kebakaran Otomatis pada Rumah Menggunakan Arduino Atmega 2560
Authors: Tahel Fithry , Hafis Muhammad , Aliyah Siti
Published: August 2021

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu peristiwa yang pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kelalain manusia. Peristiwa kebakaran menjadi salah satu bencana yang umumnya masih sulit diprediksi terlebih dahulu terkait penyebab, indikator maupun asal sumber api yang muncul. Masyarakat umumnya akan mengetahui telah terjadi peristiwa kebakaran ketika api sudah membesar dan mengeluarkan kepulan asap dari rumah atau bangunan. Hal ini menjadi kesulitan tersendiri bagi masyarakat, khususnya yang tinggal di daerah pemukiman pada penduduk untuk mendeteksi secara dini apakah kebakaran dimungkinkan terjadi atau darimana sumber api dapat memicu kebakaran, serta penanganan dini terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat model alat penanganan kebakaran otomatis pada rumah. Perancangan model alat diharapkan dapat mempermudah penghuni rumah atau pengguna alat untuk menangani kebakaran pada rumah sekaligus meminimalisir kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh kebakaran. Alat yang dirancang memiliki komponen utama yakni Arduino Atmega 2560 yang berfungsi mengontrol, dan menggerakkan komponen utama lain, seperti sensor api, alarm, relay, dan pompa air. Hasil pengujian alat menunjukkan bahwa alat yang dirancang mampu memberikan peringatan kebakaran pada pengguna atau penghuni rumah, melakukan pendekteksian dini terhadap peristiwa kebakaran, serta memadamkan kebakaran pada rumah.
General Awareness and Acceptance of Dental Implants in Patients Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tanvir Maha , Izhar Faisal , Yazdannie Nazia , Mohsin Kamal Muhammad
Published: August 2021

acceptance of dental implants in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from March 2018 to August 2018. Study  was conducted after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Board of Fatima Memorial Hospital. A total of three hundred and three patients attending a tertiary care hospital were given the questionnaire after an informed consent including 20questions regarding general awareness of dental implants and the level of acceptance in patients. The data was summarized and analyzed on Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Appropriate Descriptive inferential statistics wereperformed.Results: Amongst 303 patients 142(47%) were males and 161(53%) were females with an age range of 18 to 64 years. Majority of  study respondents were undergraduate: 166(54.8%) followed by graduate: 102(33.7%). Among our patients 188(62%) were aware of dental implant and main source of information regarding dental implant was their dentist 126(57.8%) followed by  internet search 33(15.1%). The patients who were willing for dental implant treatment were 128(42.2%) while the majorhindrance for not opting a dental implant treatment was high cost of the treatment.Conclusion: The patients attending a tertiary care hospital have moderate level of awareness regarding dental implants.Awareness was higher specifically in people who were more educated and belonging to a younger age group. Creating moreawareness amongst patients regarding the pros and cons of dental implants can help in eliminating any negative image of the  treatment.
An Analysis of the Influence of Annual Rainfall Fluctuations on Wildfire Occurrence in Protected Areas in the Northwest of Zimbabwe
Authors: N. Mukululi , M. Innocent
Published: August 2021

The occurrence and threat from wildfires are a conservation concern in semi-arid savanna-protected areas. The risk of wildlife occurrence is uncertain under climate change scenarios. However, general predictions are that different changes are likely to occur in weather conditions in different landscapes. We sought to analyze the influence of annual precipitation on wildfire occurrence in a protected area landscape in northwest Zimbabwe. Data on annual rainfall received and wildfire occurrence for Chizarira National Park (CNP), Chirisa Safari Area (CSA), and Sengwa Wildlife Research Area (SWRA) was analyzed using regression analysis. The relationship between the annual precipitation amount received per site and the number of wildfires recorded per site showed a positive correlation only for CSA. No significant differences were observed for CNP and SWRA at a significant level of p< 0.05. The highest number of wildfires were recorded between July and November. We advance that annual rainfall is one factor among many drivers of wildfires and that this is not uniform but varies across the landscape. Effective annual precipitation contributes to high vegetation biomass production and accumulation of such biomass increases the risk of wildfires. In some instances, rainfall patterns could not explain the occurrence of wildfires. We, therefore, contend that other drivers such as human activities and natural factors are important drivers of wildfires across the three sites. The conservation implication of our finding is that robust fire management plans need to take an ecosystem approach that includes communities adjacent to protected areas.
An efficient genetic algorithm for solving open multiple travelling salesman problem with load balancing constraint
Authors: Singamsetty Purusotham , Thenepalle Jayanth Kumar
Published: August 2021

The multiple travelling salesman problem (MTSP) is one of the widely studied combinatorial optimization problems with various theoretical and practical applications. However, most of the studies intended to deal with classical MTSP, very limited attention has been given to an open multiple travelling salesman problem and its variants. In this paper, an open multiple travelling salesman problem with load balancing constraint (OMTSPLB) is addressed. The OMTSPLB differs from the conventional MTSP, in which all the salesmen start from the central depot and need not come back to it after visiting the given number of cities by accomplishing the load balance constraint, which helps in fairly distributing the task among all salesmen. The problem aims to minimize the overall traversal distance/cost for operating open tours subject to the load balancing constraint. A zero-one integer linear programming (0-1 ILP) model and an efficient metaheuristic genetic algorithm (GA), is established for the OMTSPLB. Since no existing study on OMTSPLB, the proposed GA is tested on the relaxed version of the present model, comparative results are reported. The comparative results show that the proposed GA is competent over the existing algorithms. Furthermore, extensive experiments are carried out on OMTSPLB and the results show that proposed GA can find the global solution effectively.
A novel performance evaluation technique based on integrated weighting approach: A case study in the field of sport management
Authors: Görçün Ömer Faruk , Küçükönder Hande
Published: August 2021

It is a fact accepted by everybody that football is the most popular sport around the world. The result of a derby match may be very important for millions of people. Even the time seems to stop on a match day for so many people. Show and entertainment are the most important aspects of football. If soccer players have a high performance, a match may provide pleasure and excitement to audiences. Briefly, the performance and quality of soccer players are the key factors, which draw audiences. Goalkeepers are also one of the important components of football like other players playing different positions such as strikers, mid-fielders, and defenders. Moreover, a goalkeeper can affect the result of a match positively or negatively. Therefore, with the help of a mathematical approach as the methodological framework, it can be seen that the examination of the performance of goalkeepers can be beneficial for decision-makers performing in the fields of sport and the future studies. The current paper proposes an improved integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach to evaluate the selection of goalkeepers; and this model can be applied for goalkeeper’s performance analysis. The proposed model combines the weights of criteria calculated with the help of both the CRITIC and the PSI techniques by applying the weight aggregation operator. It also ranks the decision alternatives by implementing the WASPAS technique based on the final criteria weights obtained by using the weight aggregation operator. In addition, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis consisting of three stages was performed to verify the validation of the suggested hybrid model. It has been observed that A11 has remained the best option for all scenarios. As a result, the results of the sensitivity analysis prove that the proposed hybrid MCDM technique is a very useful, strong and applicable approach. Also, the results obtained by applying the proposed model are accurate, realistic, and reasonable according to the results of the validation test.
Social and Marital Life of Disable Baggers: A Case Study of Multan
Authors: Hashim Muhammad , Nawaz Yasir , Shabbir Syed Waqas , Haq Inam ul
Published: August 2021

Social and marital life of special people who are Bagger (case study of Multan city) Objective of the Study) this study was about  socio-cultural, economic, legal, infrastructural and environmental factors that affect marital life of special people and the  socio-cultural factors in which sense affect the weeded life of handicap bagger Especially in Multan the special people are facing problems related to  socio-marital life and problems regarding Bagger in Multan a simple alternative to bagging is to partition the data into separate subgroups. This study was descriptive and the nature of the research was qualitative ten case were examined with the help of interview guide and the data was analysis at the end of each case study. The purposive and convenient sampling was used as a data collection tool the target population was the Multan city and surrounding.
Ethical Issues and Challenges for the eradication of Polio in Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir Syed Waqas , Malik Nazia , Batool Zahira , Bashir Murtaza Omer , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: August 2021

It should be everyone’s basic health right to get immunization. Everyone is responsible for this, every individual, every sector, every community, the entire healthcare system and the country. The aim of this paper is to highlight a few issues concerning polio vaccines in Pakistan and suggest some solution to these issues. The developmental plane of this paper is based on literature on polio and public health in Multan, Pakistan perspective. Inclusion criteria base on public health culture, religion and ethical base published review articles. Religious ideas and views affect almost every part of human behavior, including their views and acceptance towards certain healthcare services. For the past few years, the issues regarding polio vaccination have been a highlighted topic in Pakistan. Many steps have been taken by the government to ensure that more people gain immunity against polio. Even so, a large fraction of population appears to be resistant towards polio vaccination and refuses to get vaccinated. The views, thoughts and beliefs of people are considered more of importance tan health concerns. That is why it is very important to understand the context behind these resistances so that proper strategies can be made for dealing with them. Those who are in charge of making policies in Pakistan must pay attention towards the many challenges that are faced during the polio vaccination so that such a plan could be developed while keeps the ethical norms in mind so success could be achieved.
Legal Approaches to Reduce Plastic Marine Pollution: Challenges and Global Governance
Authors: Sarwar Fozia , Ali Sajid , Bhatti Shaukat Hussain , Rehman Saif ur
Published: August 2021

Plastic wastes have recently emerged as one of the alarming threats to the marine environment. The issue of contamination of marine plastic is not new; it has been recognized for over half a century. The problem can no longer be ignored, thanks to growing media attention and incidents such as the finding of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This issue is addressed by a number of legal approaches. Plastic litter reduction standards were adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 30 years ago. Annexes to the convention of MARPOL are designed to aid in the fight against plastic pollution. Other mechanisms of maritime law can be used to combat this issue as well. The fundamental cause of the issue, and thus the solution is located on land. The directives of the European Union can serve as useful models for decreasing marine pollution. In May 2018, the new European Union restrictions are proposed to target the ten most commonly detected single-use plastic products in coastal areas of Europe, as well as lost and abandoned fishing gear. These multinational conventions serve as a source of inspiration for the governments of other countries of the world. The acceptance and application of these legal approaches and conventions could change the game in the fight against marine pollution.
The Relationship between Passengers' Satisfaction of Urban Road Transport Services and Their Sense of Belonging
Authors: Alborzi Pezhman
Published: August 2021

Passengers' satisfaction of urban road transportation services has been widely researched over the past few decades. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the relationship of the passengers' satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services with an external psychological factor. To this end, 100 passengers were randomly recruited to participate in this study. The participants were required to complete three questionnaires to assess their level of belonging and their satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services as two prominent urban road transport services. The questionnaire of sense of belonging had 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert Scale. The responses also were rated from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. The respondents were requested to grade 1 to 10 an 18-travel-attribute survey to assess their satisfaction of urban road transport services. The results indicated that passengers were not satisfied with urban road transport services; however, their satisfaction with regular taxi was higher in comparison with bus transport services. The findings also revealed that there was a significant correlation between the passengers' level of belonging and their satisfaction of public transport services.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПАМЯТНИКОВ АРХЕОЛОГИИ В УРОЧИЩЕ КЫЗЫЛКОЛЬ
Authors: Подушкин Александр Николаевич , Донец Андрей Геннадиевич
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена первым результатам картографического и рекогносцировочного обследования нового историко-культурного региона вблизи озера Кызылколь: проведены разведочные работы на семи могильниках, одиночных крупных курганах, городище Актобе кызылкольское и каменном сооружении на сопке Кызылсенгир – на последних двух объектах произведён сбор подъёмного материала и заложены рекогносцировочные шурфы. Концентрация здесь на сравнительно ограниченной территории одновременно нескольких масштабных археологических объектов, позволяет рассматривать этот оазис на северных склонах Каратау как самостоятельную историко-культурную зону большой научной и социальной значимости, названную «кызылкольской». Первоначальные работы на археологических объектах данной местности позволили определить принадлежность и хронологию памятников, связанных с древним народонаселением, жившим здесь в первой половине I тыс. н.э. (время существования государства Кангюй).
ЖУАНТОБЕ 1 – ГАЛЕЧНОЕ МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИЕ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА В БЕТПАКДАЛЕ
Authors: Волошин Валерий Степанович
Published: August 2021

В статье даётся описание нового памятника каменного века Сарыарки – Жуантобе 1, обнаруженного в 2002 г. в северной части пустыни Бетпакдала. Памятник относится к типу открытых галечных местонахождений, подобных памятникам Музбель и Обалысан. По признакам эоловой корразии поверхностей кварцитовых артефактов среди материалов предварительно выделяются четыре хронологические серии, из которых две древние серии относятся к раннему палеолиту, а третья – к среднему палеолиту. В статье даётся подробное описание изделий самой поздней, четвёртой серии – со «свежей» фактурой, которая легче всего отделяется от остального материала. Наиболее частыми изделиями здесь являются нуклеусы. Предполагаемый геологический возраст этого материала достаточно широкий – позднеледниковье–голоцен и, скорее всего, он относится к позднему неолиту–раннему энеолиту (4 тыс. до н.э.).
行政法裁判精選
Authors: 李建良 李建良
Published: August 2021

本期精選行政法院裁判5則，整理事實概要，節錄法律見解，提要說明簡析，並加案名與標題，以利引用。綜合之論，述之最後，俾供思考。
Twitter and Turkey: Social Media Surveillance at the Intersection of Corporate Ethics and International Policy
Authors: Wilson Jeffery , Hahn Ashley
Published: August 2021

The Arab Spring was a period of optimism when researchers saw social media platforms as a catalyst for advancing democracy worldwide. But Twitter and its peers are corporations that prioritize monetary and political gains. Through digital-ethnographic and archival research on Turkey, we found that the technology social media companies promised would enhance democracy may hinder it by providing authoritarian regimes with additional surveillance/repressive tools. We contribute to social media and surveillance studies by analyzing these tools through the lens of policy and neoliberalism. We further challenge monolithic understandings of neoliberalism and narratives on the positive impact of social media.
Análise de Utilização do Controle por Inclinação para Inversores Fotovoltaicos em Paralelo com a Rede Elétrica Monofásica
Authors: BISOGNO FáBIO ECKE , BASTOS ELIESER DO PRADO , MIRANDA MAICON DE
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo é apresentado o cenário recente, da quantidade de geradores de energia solar instalados no estado do Rio Grande d o S ul, tendo como principal objetivo a nalisar um caso real envolvendo dois inversores de energia fotovoltaicos. Estes, por sua v ez, possuem potências diferentes, estando interligados em uma rede elétrica monofásica. Com os dados amostrais coletados in loco e a través de análise em fontes ininterruptas, propõem-se um circuito equivalente com n inversores, baseando-se no princípio de funcionamento d e máquinas síncronas. Para isso, se utiliza do método de controle por inclinação com simulação em um software específico.
Analysis and Design of an Interleaved Switched-Capacitor Multilevel ANPC Converter
Authors: BACH LEONARDO CASSOL , CASTIBLANCO WILMAR ARMANDO PINEDA , RECH CASSIANO
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an interleaved switchedcapacitor multilevel ANPC converter (SCANPC) for high power density applications. To demonstrate the feasibility of the idea, the analysis and design of the converter are made initially for one cell and after for the two cells interleaved configuration. In addition, it is used a power loss estimation methodology for the Gallium Nitride switches. Simulations and power loss estimations are shown for a 4kW power prototype.
Conversor Boost com Indutor Acoplado e Capacitor Chaveado sem Pico de Corrente nos Semicondutores
Authors: LOUREIRO PABLO HENRIQUE COSTA DE SILVA BERNARDO , ANDRADE ANTóNIO MANUEL SANTOS SPENCER
Published: August 2021

No presente artigo é proposto um conversor hibrido de alto ganho de tensão, baseado em estrutura de entrada de conversores boost e na estrutura de saída da combinação ladder de capacitor chaveado e indutor acoplado. Essa combinação da célula do capacitor chaveado e do indutor acoplado permite que não ocorra pico de correntes causados pelo capacitor chaveado. Assim, o conversor apresenta baixo esforço de corrente e tensão nos componentes. Junto a isso, o conversor apresenta ZCS em todos os diodos, o que permite alcançar um bom desempenho em altas frequências. Para validar essas avaliações, simulações foram feitas e validaram as análises teóricas.
Modelagem e Controle de um Retificador PWM Operando Sob Distúrbios de Qualidade de Energia em Redes Elétricas Rurais
Authors: WERMUTH MATHEOS COLETTO , CORNELIUS RICHARD GONçALVES , SILVA GUILHERME SEBASTIãO DA
Published: August 2021

A irrigação eletromecânica é parte crucial da rizicultura sul-rio-grandense. Estes sistemas aumentam a demanda energética da região durante o período de irrigação, logo, a qualidade de energia elétrica das regiões rurais é de grande importância. No mercado local, estão disponíveis apenas sistemas com retificação passiva de tensão. Desta forma, em parceria com a empresa EGD, propõe-se a utilização do Retificador PWM para a retificação da tensão de entrada. Para isso, são apresentados os modelos matemáticos que definem o comportamento do retificador, junto ao projeto de seu sistema de controle e sincronização com a rede, por fim, seu desempenho é avaliado durante a partida e durante operação em redes com baixa qualidade de energia.
Estudo Comparativo de Estratégias de Controle para Sistemas de Conversão de Energia Eólica Conectados à Rede com GRV
Authors: LOPES THIAGO DE ALMADA , PAULA MARCELO VINíCIUS DE , NETO PEDRO JOSE DOS SANTOS , FILHO ERNESTO RUPPERT , BARROS TáRCIO ANDRé DOS SANTOS
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo entre estratégias de controle de sistemas de conversão de energia eólica com geradores de relutância variável (GRV) conectados à rede elétrica através de um conversor fonte de tensão (VSC). Duas estratégias de controle são analisadas. Na primeira, o VSC controla a tensão no barramento CC enquanto o GRV controla a potência. Na segunda, os papéis se invertem. Testes em velocidades abaixo e acima da velocidade de base são performados em simulações dinâmicas, possibilitando a comparação em relação à dinâmica de resposta e a distorção harmônica total (DHT) da corrente entregue à rede elétrica de distribuição. Ambas as estratégias são capazes de desempenhar a regulação de tensão do barramento CC e do fluxo de potência. A dinâmica da potência na segunda estratégia demonstrou-se mais rápida. A DHT apresentou uma diferença máxima de 0,34%, certificando que a qualidade da energia injetada não apresenta alterações relevantes.
A Discrete RMRAC-STSM Controller for Current Regulation of Three-Phase Grid-Tied Converters with LCL filter
Authors: HOLLWEG GUILHERME VIEIRA , EVALD PAULO JEFFERSON DIAS DE OLIVEIRA , MATTOS EVERSON , TAMBARA RODRIGO VARELLA , GRüNDLING HILTON ABíLIO
Published: August 2021

This article presents a discrete robust adaptive control structure, gathering a Robust Model Reference Adaptive Controller (RMRAC) with an adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode (STSM) controller. The resulting control structure is applied to current control of a voltage-fed three-phase inverter, connected to the grid by an LCL filter. The main contribution of this control proposal is its adaptability, maintaining the robustness characteristics of the controllers that compose it with good regulation performance. Moreover, as the adaptive Sliding Mode action is high-order (Super-Twisting), the chattering phenomenon is significantly mitigated. Thereby, its implementation is simplified, using a first order reference model. For this, the dynamics of the LCL filter capacitors are neglected during the modeling process, considering it as an additive unmodeled dynamics. To validate the viability of the proposed control structure, Hardware in the Loop (HIL) results are presented.
Detection of Voltage Unbalance in Microgrids using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: MARQUES ROBERTA CARVALHO , JUNIOR DIONIZIO PASCHOARELI
Published: August 2021

This work proposes a methodology for detecting voltage imbalance using the OpenDSS software and its COM interface. The proposal is to detect voltage imbalance using the communication between OpenDSS and MATLAB through a Perceptron Multilayer Artificial Neural Network. For that, tests were carried out in a distribution network with distributed generators and energy stores. The studies were conducted on an IEEE 13 bus test system.
Análise da Viabilidade Econômica da Substituição de Banco de Baterias: Chumbo-Ácido x Ni-Cd, Considerando Diferentes Temperaturas Ambiente
Authors: FERREIRA RAISA TATIANA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise técnico-econômica de algumas possíveis opções para uma substituição de um banco de baterias, considerando diferentes faixas de temperatura e a vida útil do empreendimento. As baterias objeto dessa análise são a chumbo-ácido e a níquel-cádmio (alcalina) e o local de instalação considerado é uma plataforma de petróleo, embora a análise seja aplicável também a sistemas de energia renovável. Será determinado, no final do estudo, as condições nas quais a instalação da bateria níquel-cádmio é mais vantajosa, comparada à chumbo-ácido
Estudo de um Conversor Bidirecional Baseado no Conversor Boost com Baixos Esforços de Tensão nos Interruptores
Authors: NIMITTI FABIANO GONZALES , ANDRADE ANTóNIO MANUEL SANTOS SPENCER
Published: August 2021

Uma nova topologia não isolada de conversor chaveado bidirecional com baixo esforços nos interruptores é apresentada neste artigo. A topologia permite tanto elevar quanto rebaixar a tensão em suas portas, possui baixo esforço de tensão nos semicondutores e com isso permite a utilização de interruptores com menor resistência interna, assim diminuindo as perdas por condução e preservando a eficiência. O conversor proposto possui diferentes modos de operação tais como acionamento interleaved, síncrono e desacoplado. Entretanto este artigo ressalta apenas o modo síncrono que foi validado utilizando simulações onde foi obtido um desempenho superior quando comparado às principais topologia bidirecionais conhecidas.
Estudo Comparativo dos Controladores Preditivos GMV E GPC Aplicados ao Conversor Boost
Authors: SILVA DANIEL ABREU MACEDO DA , COSTA EDVAN DA SILVA , NASCIMENTO ANDRé CAVALCANTE DO , ARAúJO REJANE DE BARROS
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho propõe o projeto de dois controladores preditivos, Generalized Minimum Variance Controller (GMV) e Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) hibridizados para o controlador PID, estes são aplicados ao conversor Boost presente em uma Nanorrede CC. O sistema é alimentado por uma String de painéis fotovoltaicos que operam em 3 formas diferentes e visam abastecer o barramento de 380 V. O objetivo é fazer o estudo comparativo para provar a eficiência dos controladores nesta aplicação e definir as vantagens de cada um, além de apresentar a síntese com o controlador mais difundido no mercado, o PID.
Apresentação de uma Plataforma de Conteúdo-Técnico Comercial da Energia Solar Fotovoltaica no Brasil: Solarmap
Authors: MARINHO MATHEUS GONçALVES , MICHELS LEANDRO , ROSA CARMEN BRUM , RIGO PAULA DONADUZZI , SILUK JULIO CEZAR MAIRESSE , REDISKE GRACIELE
Published: August 2021

O setor de energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil está em uma trajetória de busca por informações técnicas e comerciais para fornecer dados aos envolvidos, a fim de orientar uma tomada de decisão mais assertiva. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo fomentar o cenário da energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil através da metodologia de uma plataforma de conteúdo técnico-comercial. O SolarMap é uma plataforma analítica do setor de energia solar fotovoltaica composta por um banco de dados atualizado diariamente com informações sobre a geração de energia fotovoltaica no Brasil e da dos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística que possibilita a consulta lacônica e infográfica de informações específicas ao tema investigado pelo usuário do sistema. O SolarMap contempla a ferramenta online e a divulgação trimestral de relatórios sobre o setor com base em publicações científicas. A disponibilização destas informações promove ao setor a garantia de informações técnico-comerciais que eleva o nível de desempenho dos agentes e contribui para o avanço em direção ao aumento da competitividade.