bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preventive Treatment of Episodic Migraine: A Single Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Phase 2 Trial (Magnet-EM).
Authors: Safiai Nabil Izzaatie Mohamad , Amir Nur Ain , Basri Hamidon bin , Mat Liyana Najwa Inche , Hoo Fan Kee , Khan Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof , Loh Wei Chao , Chia Peck Kee , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Din Hazwan Mat , Samsudin Intan Nureslyna , Fernandez Aaron , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Ching Siew Mooi , Hashim Hasnur Zaman , Sulaiman Wan Aliaa Wan
Published: February 2020

Background This is a phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for preventive treatment of episodic migraine among migraine subjects. Methods Subjects age 18 to 60 years will undergo a baseline evaluation to ascertain the diagnosis of migraine based on International Classification of Headache Disorder 3 rd Edition (ICHD-3). Only those who fulfil the ICHD-3 criteria for episodic migraine and compliant to the headache diary during a month run-in period will be enrolled. A total of 76 subjects will be randomised to receive either transcranial magnetic stimulation or placebo for 5 sessions within 2 weeks duration. Follow up sessions will be conducted monthly for three consecutive months. Prior to treatment, subjects will be required to fill up questionnaires and undergo few procedures such as electroencephalography, transcranial doppler ultrasound and biochemical analysis for serum serotonin, serum calcitonin-gene related peptide and serum beta-endorphin. These procedures will be repeated post-treatment during their last visit. The primary outcome measure of this study is the difference in mean monthly migraine days at baseline and at month 1, 2 and 3 after treatment sessions. Discussion Following evidence from previous studies showing restoration of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation to near normal level, the rTMS intervention will target left DLPFC in this study. Meanwhile, in terms of treatment frequency, the least number of sessions reported which proved to be effective in treating migraine was three session of rTMS given in alternate days. Hence, for this study, an intermediate duration of treatment sessions is selected. It is set to five treatment sessions given within 2 weeks duration.
Evaluating hearing performance with cochlear implants within the same patient using daily randomization and imaging based fitting - The ELEPHANT study
Authors: Lambriks Lars , Hoof Marc Van , Debruyne Joke , Janssen Miranda , Chalupper Josef , Heijden Kiki Van der , Hof Janny , Hellingman Katja , George Erwin , Devocht Elke
Published: February 2020

Background : Prospective research in the field of cochlear implants is hampered by methodological issues and small sample sizes. The ELEPHANT study presents an alternative clinical trial design with a daily randomized approach evaluating individualized tonotopical CI fitting. Methods : A single blinded, daily randomized clinical trial will be implemented to evaluate a new imaging based CI mapping strategy. A minimum of 20 participants will be included from the start of the rehabilitation process with a 1-year follow-up period. Based on a post-operative cone beam CT scan (CBCT), mapping of electrical input will be aligned to natural place-pitch arrangement in the individual cochlea. Adjustments to the CI’s frequency allocation table will be made so electrical stimulation of frequencies will match as closely as possible with corresponding acoustic locations in the cochlea. A randomization scheme will be implemented whereby the blinded subject crosses over between the experimental and standard fitting program on a daily basis, and thus effectively acts as his own control, followed by a period of free choice between both maps to incorporate patient preference. With this new approach the occurrence of a first-order carryover effect and a limited sample size is addressed. Discussion : The experimental fitting strategy is thought to give rise to a steeper learning curve, result in a better performance in challenging listening situations, improve sound quality, complement better with residual acoustic hearing in the contralateral ear and win the preference of CI-recipients. Concurrently, the suitability of the novel trial design will be considered in investigating these hypotheses. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03892941, registered 27 March 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03892941
Understanding access to professional healthcare among asylum seekers facing gender-based violence: a qualitative study from a stakeholder perspective
Authors: Sapia Mirjam Rodella , Wangmo Tenzin , Dagron Stéphanie , Elger Bernice S.
Published: February 2020

Background: When it comes to gender-based violence (GBV), migrant women and girls represent the most vulnerable group. GBV can happen at any stage of migrants’ flight and/or during asylum process. It has severe consequences on their life and health. Victims therefore need timely access to healthcare. This study explores the context GBV victims are faced with when they seek refuge in Switzerland. The study focuses on the organizational framework and the current strategies handling medical and psychological support. It identifies access barriers and maps needed support within the health system. Methods : Qualitative methodology was used where we conducted five semi-structured focus groups and three interviews with sixteen stakeholders involved in the asylum process and health care professionals. We analysed the data using framework analysis. Results : Study participants noted lack of confidence from the GBV victims in the legal and in the healthcare system as major barriers to disclosure of GBV. Since only GBV exerted before fleeing the home country gives the right to asylum, they also pointed out that victims do not disclose GBV that took place after they left their home country. Language was identified as a barrier to disclosure as well as healthcare access. Continuity of care at the moment of transfer from federal to cantonal accommodations is another issue that was deemed critical. Study participants felt that health professionals must be trained to identify GBV victims. First-contact caregivers available to these victims were deemed as the most competent professionals that could act as a “GBV coordinator”. Conclusion : In Switzerland, access to healthcare is guaranteed to all asylum seekers on a legal and structural level. Yet, health seeking by GBV survivors is hindered by major factors such as (lack of) confidence in the legal system, trust building in health providers and a breach in continuity of care during the asylum process. Trust building in legal institutions, health structures and professionals should be enhanced to facilitate disclosure and strengthen resilience. This includes a healthcare system with competent professional, support with language, cultural needs and seamless continuity of care beyond cantonal borders.
An overlooked cause of longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions: Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Wang Meng , Qi Baochang , Han Jinming , Guo Chunjie , Qu Limei , Zhu Jie , jin tao
Published: February 2020

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL ) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor. It is easy to be misdiagnosed due to its low incidence and unspecific presentations in clinical practice. PCNSL mainly occurs intracranially in the brain while spinal cord is rarely involved. Case presentation: Here we report a 76-year-old woman who had a suspicious tumor history and presented retardant paralysis, bladder dysfunction and sensory loss of the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine disclosed longitudinally extensive lesions extending from thoracic 4 (T4) to lumbar 1 (L1) vertebral level with an enhanced nodular lesion noting at levels of T10 and T11 . In order to further identify the cause, the whole body 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed and showed a hypermetabolic nodule corresponded to MRI enhancing lesions, which further suggesting the possibility of a tumor. The patient then underwent a surgical resection and spinal cord biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell type). The patient then received a high-dose chemotherapy based on methotrexate combined with Rituximab. Unfortunately, the symptoms of this patient have not been improved significantly after three rounds of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our case indicates that PCNSL may also serve as a possible cause for longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions, especially the patients who had a suspicious tumor history, MRI enhancing lesion s in the spinal cord corresponded to hypermetabolic nodules on 18 F-FDG- PET/CT at the same level.
Accommodating conscientious objection in the midwifery workforce: a ratio-data analysis of midwives, birth and late abortions in 18 European countries in 2016
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Maxwell Clare , Ramsayer Beate
Published: February 2020

Background In recent years the role of a midwife has expanded to include the provision of abortion related care. The laws on abortion in many European countries allow for those who hold a conscientious objection to participating to refrain from such participation. However, some writers have expressed concerns that this may have a detrimental effect on the workforce and limit women’s access to the service. Method The aim of this study was to provide a picture of the potential exposure midwives in Europe have to late abortions, an important factor in the integration of accommodation of conscientious objection to abortion by midwives into workload planning. We collected data from Ministries of Health or government statistical departments in 32 European countries on numbers of: births, abortions, late abortions and midwives in 2016. We conducted a ratio-data analysis in those countries that met the inclusion criteria. Results 18 of the 32 countries provided full data thus our calculations are based on a total of 4,036,633 live births, 49,834 late abortions and a total of 132,071 midwives. The calculated ratios of live births to midwife, abortions to midwife and late abortions to midwife illustrate the wide variations between countries in relation to ratios of midwives to live births (15.22 - 53.99) and late abortions, (0.17-1.47) Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive insight to ratios relating to birth and abortion, especially late abortion services, with regard to the midwifery workforce. It is essential to improve the reporting of abortion data and access to it within Europe to support evidence-informed decisions on optimising the contribution of the midwifery workforce especially within highly contentious fields such as abortion services. However, given our findings, we believe that there should be neither be any difficulty for those who are responsible for workload allocation nor compromises to a women’s right to abortion services.
Cervical and oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and matched HIV-negative controls in Brazil
Authors: Suehiro Tamy Taianne , Damke Gabrielle Marconi Zago Ferreira , Damke Edilson , Ramos Paloma Luana Rodrigues de Azevedo , Silva Marcela de Andrade Pereira , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Huh Warner K , Franco Ricardo Argemiro Fonseca , Silva Vânia Ramos Sela da , Scarinci Isabel Cristina , Consolaro Marcia Edilaine Lopes
Published: February 2020

Background: Despite the demonstrated role of human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of cervical cancer and the strong evidence suggesting the importance of HPV in the development of oropharyngeal cancer, several aspects concerning the interrelationship between HPV infections in both body sites remain unknown, specifically in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive (HIV+) female patients. We aimed to assess the prevalence, distribution, and concordance of cervical and oropharyngeal HPV in HIV+ women and matched HIV-negative (HIV-) controls in Brazil. Material and methods: Cervical and endocervical samples for cytological screening and HPV detection and oropharyngeal samples were collected from 115 HIV+ women using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 139 HIV-matched controls (HIV-) in Maringá City, Brazil. Risk factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and the data regarding HIV infection were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Detection and typing of HPV were performed using the Kit Multiplex XGEN Multi HPV Chip HS12. Results: HIV infection was well controlled in this cohort, but women who exhibited 1–100.000 viral copies/mL were significantly associated with HPV-positive status (P = 0.03). HIV+ women had significantly more abnormal cytological findings (P = 0.04) than HIV- women. Of the 115 HIV+ women, 48.7% were positive for cervical and/or oropharyngeal HPV DNA; of the 139 HIV- women, 41% were positive for cervical and/or oropharyngeal HPV (P = 0.25). Both HIV+ and HIV- women had a statistically higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than oropharyngeal infection. The concurrent HPV infection in two anatomical sites was similar in HIV+ and HIV- women, however HPV type concordance was not observed. HPV type distribution was different between the anatomical sites in both groups, and HIV+ women presented types less common, mainly in oropharyngeal mucosa. Conclusion: Our data support the importance of HPV infection in HIV+ women, even when the HIV infection is well controlled. Prospective studies are required to better understand the natural history of HPV infection in both anatomical sites, specifically in HIV+ women.
Successful pregnancy after complete resection of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminate without recurrence: A case report with next generation sequencing analysis and literature review
Authors: Bu Hualei , Jin Chengjuan , Fang Yan , Ma Yana , Wang Xiao , Chen Jingying , Chen Lijun
Published: February 2020

Background: Peritoneal leiomyomatosis disseminate (LPD) is a rare disease characterized by widespread dissemination of leiomyomas nodules throughout the peritoneal and omental surfaces. Reports of pregnancy with LPD are even rarer. Therefore, there is no clear consensus on the treatment of LPD on pregnancy, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Case presentation：We reported a case of LPD patient who developed during pregnancy. The patient underwent cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation while removing all visible tumors, and no LPD lesions were seen in the subsequently cesarean section at full-term. NGS of LPD lesions detected 4 mutations with focal high-level amplifications of CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinases 4), NBN (Nibrin), DAXX (Death domain associated protein) and MYC (Myelocytomatosis oncogene). Immunohistochemistry staining analysis among benign leiomyoma, LPD and leiomyosarcoma verified that LPD was an unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. Besides, LPD is a hormonal-dependent leiomyoma. After detailed literature search, we summarized the detailed clinical features and follow-up information of patients with LPD during pregnancy. Conclusions: This is the first reported LPD case of successful term pregnancy without recurrence, following resection of all visible lesions in prior pregnancy. LPD is an unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors.
THE POPULATION OF VOYIN TOWN (13th - 14th CENT.) ACCORDING TO CHRONOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Dolzhenko Y. V.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the history of studies at the ancient Russian hill Fort and burial ground of the annalistic town Voyin. The author analyses the remains of people buried in Voyin during 13th - 14th cent. compares the morphological complexes from this series mainly to the Eastern European Slavs of 10th - 14th cent. It is possible to make the conclusion that the mail mesocranic series is related to the skulls from Stara Riazan and probably to Slovenes from Novgorod according to craniometrical data. According to the skulls’ classification by T. Aleksieieva, the mail selection belongs to mesodolychocranic type with merely wide face along with Tivertsi, Ulichs and Drevlians. According to typology by V. Diachenko, the mail group is a part of Neopolissian anthropological type with certain reservations. The female mesocranic selection is statistically close to Kyivan Polyany and Kryvichs. According to the scheme by T. Rudych, the female series belongs to mesocranic craniological type with the moderately wide face together with Kyivan Polyany after a sort.
Key words: craniometry, cranioscopy, anthropology, Voyin, Central Dnieper Ukraine.
Production and Verification of Hydrangea macrophylla × H. angustipetala Hybrids
Authors: Kardos Joshua H. , Robacker Carol D. , Dirr Michael A. , Rinehart Timothy A.
Published: February 2020

The genetic diversity among H. macrophylla (Thunberg) Seringe taxa is limited as a result of the restricted native distribution and multiple breeding programs that used the same taxa and targeted similar breeding goals. This study assessed the compatibility of interspecific crosses between Hydrangea macrophylla and H. angustipetala Hayata as a source of genetic diversity. Two lacecap cultivars of H. macrophylla, ‘Lady in Red’ and Midnight Duchess® (‘HYMMAD II’), were compatible with H. angustipetala. Hybridity of progeny was confirmed by simple sequence repeat markers and morphological comparisons. Some hybrids had red- or purple-pigmented stems, which are characteristic of ‘Lady in Red’ or Midnight Duchess®, respectively. All hybrids had white lacecap inflorescences. Some of the hybrid flowers were fragrant. Winter leaf retention of the hybrids ranged from deciduous to semievergreen. Male fertility of progeny was evaluated by fluorescein diacetate staining of pollen. ‘Lady in Red’, Midnight Duchess®, and H. angustipetala had 62%, 58%, and 79% stainable pollen, respectively, whereas the ‘Lady in Red’ × H. angustipetala and Midnight Duchess® × H. angustipetala hybrids had means of 48% and 47% stainable pollen, respectively. Selected progeny were used to develop F2 and BC1 populations. The interspecific hybrids produced in this study were attractive, fertile plants that are being used in further breeding to develop new cultivars.
Reproductive Characteristics for Self-compatibility and Seedlessness in ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’, a Bud Mutation of Hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka)
Authors: Honsho Chitose , Kotsubo Masami , Fukuda Yuri , Hamabata Yosui , Kurogi Yoshikazu , Nishiwaki Aya , Tetsumura Takuya
Published: February 2020

The reproductive characteristics of ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’, a bud mutation of Hyuganatsu that is self-incompatible, were examined. A pollination experiment resulted in Hyuganatsu × ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ and ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ self-pollination produced their fruit, whereas ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ × Hyuganatsu cannot produce fruit as a result of early dropping of premature fruits within the first 10 weeks after pollination. Considering the self-incompatible nature of Hyuganatsu, this result implies a mutation of the pollen-expressed gene(s) associated with the self-incompatibility occurring in ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’. When ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ pollen was used for several citrus accessions (Hyuganatsu, ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’, Hassaku, and ‘Sweet Spring’), it was observed that the number of normal seeds decreased and that of aborted seeds increased. Interestingly, the extent of seed abortion differed among seed parents. Hyuganatsu and ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ lost most of their normal seeds. In contrast, Hassaku lost relatively lesser seeds, and ‘Sweet Spring’ lost only a few seeds. Moreover, Hassaku fruits obtained by pollination with ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ pollen showed various proportions of normal and aborted seeds even among individual fruits. ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ pollen did not affect the fruit characteristics, with some exceptions in Hyuganatsu, ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’, and Hassaku. All the characteristics were superior in Hyuganatsu-pollinated fruits compared with ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’-pollinated ones in ‘Sweet Spring’. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that ‘Nishiuchi Konatsu’ has two agriculturally important traits: self-compatibility and seed abortion. It can be useful for elucidating the mechanisms and as the genetic resources that introduce these traits.
Broad-sense Heritability Estimates for Fruit Color and Morphological Traits from Open-pollinated Half-sib Mango Families
Authors: Brown J. Steven , Schnell Raymond J. , Ayala-Silva Tomás , Moore J. Michael , Tondo Cecile L. , Winterstein Michael C.
Published: February 2020

The visual appearance of mangos is a primary factor in determining consumer acceptance and sale, similar to other fruit and vegetable commodities. Even if the appeal of visual appearance is based on consumer perception rather than on established quality factors, breeders must usually select within the range of acceptance, at least in some countries. Mango selection using multiyear breeding programs is slowly replacing the former method by which most earlier cultivars were selected, namely from chance seedlings either from planned or unplanned crosses. The knowledge of heritability of traits as they are controlled by genetics and experimental design and the effects and interaction of these two sets of factors on achieved gain have become more critical. The use of portable colorimeters has been shown to give repeatable scores in a quantitative, three-dimensional space for fruits and vegetables. In this experiment, we calculated broad-sense heritability estimates for five color traits, three morphological fruit traits, and one disease resistance trait (anthracnose expressed on the fruit). Estimates were found to be relatively high, indicating good potential for improvement through breeding. For nearly all traits measured, variance within families was greater than that among families, illustrating the likely importance of heterozygosity, dominance, and epistasis in these crosses. The careful estimation of heritability and repeatability will help prioritize and increase the efficiency of trait improvement as breeding methods become more sophisticated and competition for funding increases.
Cultivar and Growing Location Effects on Oil Content and Fatty Acids in Canola Sprouts
Authors: Bhardwaj Harbans L. , Hamama Anwar A.
Published: February 2020

Although sprouts have played a significant role in human nutrition, there is a lack of information about sprouts made from seed of canola, a new crop in the United States as a source of edible and industrial-use oil. We studied oil content and fatty acid composition in sprouts made from seed of four canola cultivars (Banjo, KS 8200, KS 8227, and Virginia) grown at three locations in Virginia (Orange, Petersburg, and Suffolk) during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 crop seasons. Canola cultivars exhibited significant effects on contents of oil and all fatty acids except for C20:0, whereas growing locations only affected contents of oil and C22:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids in the sprouts. The contents of oil and C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 C22:0, C24:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, C22:1, total saturated, total unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated in canola sprouts were 27.33%, 5.38%, 1.21%, 0.53%, 0.27%, 0.15%, 0.68%, 45.71%, 18.35%, 8.82%, 7.44%, 11.46%, 7.54%, 92.46%, 60.18%, and 27.17% of total fatty acids, respectively. The ratio of C18:2 to C18:3 fatty acids in canola sprouts averaged 1.00 to 2.09 with Virginia cultivar having the highest ratio (2.33) and KS 8227 having the lowest ratio (1.91). These ratios were within the recommended ratios of 1.00 to 4.00 for optimal human nutrition. Our results indicated that, based only on oil and fatty acid contents, canola sprouts may be healthier than alfalfa, brussels sprout, mungbean, and radish sprouts.
Propagule Type Affects Growth and Fruiting of Uapaca kirkiana, a Priority Indigenous Fruit Tree of Southern Africa
Authors: Akinnifesi Festus K. , Mng'omba Simon A. , Sileshi Gudeta , Chilanga Thomson G. , Mhango Jarret , Ajayi Oluyede C. , Chakeredza Sebastian , Nyoka Betserai I. , Gondwe France M.T.
Published: February 2020

One of the limitations of Uapaca kirkiana on-farm cultivation is the long juvenile phase to reach a stable fruiting stage. Marcots and grafts have been identified as feasible and reliable propagation methods for precocious fruiting, but the effects of different propagule types on tree growth and fruit yield have not been evaluated. There is limited knowledge on development and growth forms for trees derived from different propagules. Grafts and marcots were compared with saplings to assess the variability in 1) field growth and fruiting of U. kirkiana; and 2) dry matter allocation pattern and tree development models among trees derived from different propagules. Tree development models were used to examine differences among trees from different propagules. The results show that number of branches and fruit load significantly differed between vegetative propagules and saplings, whereas tree height, root collar diameter, crown spread, and fruit size and weight were similar 8 years after establishment. The results suggest differences in intraspecific scaling relationships between height and diameter among propagule sources. Saplings showed a significantly better fit (r2 = 0.891; P < 0.0001) to the scaling relationship than grafts (r2 = 0.724; P = 0.002) and marcots (r2 = 0.533; P = 0.018). After 3 years, marcots and grafts started producing fruits. Fruit load was greatest in marcots despite some fruit abortions; thus, marcots had greater fruit yield, early growth, and development and better dry matter allocation.
In Vitro Culture of ‘Myrobalan’ (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) Embryos
Authors: Arbeloa Arancha , Daorden Ma Elena , García Elena , Andreu Pilar , Marín Juan A.
Published: February 2020

In vitro embryo culturing has arisen as a powerful tool for embryo germination of low-viability seeds. This tool has been used to germinate seeds of early-maturing or hybrid Prunus species. ‘Myrobalan’ (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) is a widely used rootstock for plum and apricot cultivars and its interspecific hybrids have a clear potential for breeding purposes. However, early seed abortion is often a problem in interspecific crosses because no protocol has been established yet for ‘Myrobalan’ seeds. In this work, we developed a procedure for in vitro germination of embryos of different sizes. Various factors affecting embryo germination such as the culture media, the presence of cotyledons, the stratification temperature, and the embryo size were tested in three different ‘Myrobalan’ clones. The developed protocol includes the use of full embryos that were stratified at 4 °C and cultured in C2d culture medium. The germination rate was strongly affected by the embryo size and reached 90% germination with intermediate- to large-sized embryos (6.5 to 10 mm). However, smaller embryos could also be germinated, and up to 30% germination was achieved with 0.5- to 2-mm long embryos. The results obtained here provide a protocol for in vitro germination of ‘Myrobalan’ embryos that will likely be helpful in breeding programs.
Influence of Clay Addition on Physical Properties and Wettability of Peat-growing Media
Authors: Michel Jean-Charles
Published: February 2020

The role of clay incorporation on the physical properties and wettability of peat-growing media was assessed from water retention curves and from contact angle and water drop penetration time measurements, respectively. Two peat substrates presenting different degrees of decomposition (weakly and highly decomposed Sphagnum peat) were used and mixed with clay in the form of powder with a peat:clay ratio of 90:10 (by vol.). Results indicated relatively little change in water retention resulting from clay incorporation in the peat-growing media tested. On the other hand, they showed a significant improvement of the wettability of both substrates in the driest conditions when peat-growing media presented a pronounced hydrophobic character, whereas the wettability of materials was not changed in the wettest conditions when they were largely hydrophilic. The influence of the degree of peat decomposition was also observed with somewhat higher wettability for the weakly decomposed peat:clay mixture than for the highly decomposed peat:clay mixture. Because the hydrophobic character of highly decomposed peat is more pronounced and appears at a higher water content than weakly decomposed peat, the effect of clay addition also appears at higher water contents for highly decomposed peat. Incorporating clay into peat-growing media should be considered for its ability to improve the wettability of growing media with a hydrophobic character (i.e., to improve the ability of the growing media to be rewetted) rather than only its ability to influence the water retention characteristics of the growing media.
Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water Affect Marigold Plants: I. Growth and Shoot Dry Weight Partitioning
Authors: Valdez-Aguilar Luis A. , Grieve Catherine M. , Poss James
Published: February 2020

Marigolds are one of the most popular annual ornamental plants; both, the short-stature cultivars (Tagetes patula L.) and the taller cultivars (T. erecta L.) are used as container plants in landscape and garden settings. Tagetes erecta varieties can also make excellent cut and dried flowers for the florists' market. The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of T. patula ‘French Vanilla’ and T. erecta ‘Flagstaff’ and ‘Yellow Climax’ to irrigation with saline water with and without pH control. Marigold plugs were transplanted into greenhouse sand tanks and established for 1 week under nonsaline conditions. Ten treatments were then applied with electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS·m−1 and pH levels of 6.4 and 7.8. Growth of all three cultivars decreased in response to irrigation with saline waters at pH 6.4. Compared with the nonsaline controls, ‘French Vanilla’ exhibited a 20% to 25% decrease in plant height, leaf dry weight (DW), and shoot DW when irrigated with 4 dS·m−1 water. However, the number of flowering shoots and the diameter and number of flowers were not significantly affected until the ECw exceeded 8 dS·m−1. Growth of ‘Flagstaff’ and ‘Yellow Climax’ also decreased as ECw increased. Shoot DW of the tall cultivars decreased by 30% and 24%, respectively, in response to the 4 dS·m−1 treatment, but additional salt stress had no further effect on DW production. Marigolds were highly sensitive to high pH. Plants irrigated with nonsaline water with pH at 7.8 exhibited a 50%, 89%, and 84% reduction in shoot DW in ‘French Vanilla’, ‘Flagstaff’, and ‘Yellow Climax’, respectively, compared with plants irrigated with water with pH 6.4. Marigold cultivars were rated as moderately tolerant to salinity because growth was affected when water ECw exceeded 8 dS·m−1. Salinity tended to reduce internode elongation, resulting in attractive plants. Compactness was not increased as a result of a decrease in DW, resulting in attractive plants, which show great promise as bedding or landscape plants in salt-affected sites provided that the pH of the soil solutions remains acidic. Under our experimental conditions in the sand tank system, the ECw was essentially equivalent to those of the sand soil solution; however, considering that the EC of the sand soil solution is ≈2.2 times the EC of the saturated soil extract (ECe), our salinity treatments may be estimated as 0.91, 1.82. 2.73, 3.64, and 4.55 dS·m−1. Thus, the threshold ECw at which marigold cultivars exhibited acceptable growth, 8 dS·m−1, would be equivalent to ECe of 3.64 dS·m−1.
Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water Affect Marigold Plants: II. Mineral Ion Relations
Authors: Valdez-Aguilar Luis A. , Grieve Catherine M. , Poss James , Layfield Donald A.
Published: February 2020

Scarcity of good-quality water for landscape irrigation is a major concern in arid and semiarid regions as a result of the competition with the urban population. Competing claims from urban, agricultural, environmental, and industrial groups leaves less water or water of lower quality for use in landscape maintenance. Although degraded waters, high in both salinity and alkaline pH, may challenge plant establishment and growth, these waters must be considered as valuable alternatives to the use of fresh water resources for landscape sites. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of irrigation with saline water, with and without pH control, on the mineral ion relations of three marigold cultivars: Flagstaff, Yellow Climax, and French Vanilla. Treatments were five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS·m−1, and two pH levels: 6.4 and 7.8. Plants of ‘French Vanilla’ and flowering stems of ‘Flagstaff’ and ‘Yellow Climax’ were harvested at flower maturity. Leaves of the taller cultivars, Flagstaff and Yellow Climax, were collected separately from the main axis and from the lateral stems, whereas in ‘French Vanilla’, leaves were combined. Total sulfur, total phosphorus, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ concentrations in leaf and stem tissues were determined. The three marigold cultivars were strong Ca2+-accumulators and this response was more evident at the lower pH level. However, leaf Ca2+ tended to decrease as salinity increased despite a threefold increase in substrate Ca2+. Leaf Mg2+ increased as salinity increased and main stem leaves of the taller cultivars accumulated more Mg2+ than leaves on the lateral branches. The reverse was true for leaf K+; leaves on the lateral branches were stronger K+-accumulators than those on the main stem. Potassium concentrations in leaves of marigold irrigated with waters at pH 6.4 tended to decrease as ECw increased. Marigold seems to possess an efficient Na+ exclusion mechanism, which restricts Na+ accumulation in the leaves. Patterns of total phosphorus accumulation in leaf tissues were not consistent over the range of ECw treatments. Among the micronutrients, Fe2+ and Mn2+ tended to be partitioned to the younger rather than the older leaves. The decrease in marigold growth was associated with nutrient ion imbalance as demonstrated by the reduction in K+ concentration and the increase in Mg2+ and Cl− in leaf tissue. Despite the reduction in growth, the aesthetic value of the cultivars was not detrimentally affected by application of saline waters with ECw values as high as 8 dS·m−1.
Soil Zinc Fertilization of ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Soil Conditions
Authors: Núñez-Moreno Humberto , Walworth James L. , Pond Andrew P. , Kilby Michael W.
Published: February 2020

The effect of soil banding zinc sulfate and zinc (Zn)-EDTA was evaluated over a period of 4 years on established ‘Wichita’ pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] growing in alkaline, calcareous soil. Treatments evaluated were ZnSO4 applied at 74 kg Zn/ha and Zn-EDTA at 19 kg Zn/ha. These materials were applied just once on 23 Mar. 2005. Fertilizers were injected in two bands placed 1.2 m from either side of the trunk of the tree and 18 cm deep. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Data collected included foliar Zn concentrations throughout the season, midseason foliar nutrient concentrations, leaflet growth, nut yield, and nut quality. Significant differences in foliar Zn levels were found 1 month after application of Zn-EDTA. Differences also were noted during the next 3 years on ≈25% of the sampling dates. Yields of in-shell pecans averaged 2800 kg·ha−1 during the 3 years of harvest but were unaffected by treatments. Nut quality also was unaffected. Nut kernel percentage was very high, ranging from 61.2% to 63.6% during the study. Growth, measured as leaflet area and trunk cross-sectional area, was unaffected by Zn application. Chlorophyll index ranged from 47.5 to 48.0 in 2007 and from 44.7 to 45.4 in 2008 and was unaffected by applied treatments. Zn-EDTA increased Zn uptake slightly by ‘Wichita’ pecan trees in alkaline, calcareous conditions during 3 years after one soil band injection. Ongoing research on potted pecan trees (with the same soil used in the present study) suggests that Zn-EDTA can very effectively increase Zn uptake if placed in close proximity to the tree roots. Additional research is needed to refine application and placement methods in these types of soils to produce a more effective and consistent response.
Manure and Soil Zinc Application to ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Núñez-Moreno Humberto , Walworth James L. , Pond Andrew P.
Published: February 2020

The effect of cattle manure or combined manure and zinc (Zn) application on Zn uptake, mineral composition, and yield and nut quality in pecan trees [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was evaluated. In 2006, treatments evaluated were: manure (12 ton/ha; M), manure plus Zn (12 ton/ha plus 129 kg Zn/ha as ZnSO4; MZ), and an untreated control. During 2007, two more treatments were added with doubled manure and Zn rates. New treatments were manure 2× (24 ton/ha; M2) and manure 2× plus Zn 2× (24 ton/ha plus 258 kg Zn as ZnSO4; M2Z2). Manure was broadcast on the soil in a 2.5-m wide band 2 m from the trunk. Zinc sulfate was broadcast over the manure, and then manure and Zn were disked into the top 10 cm of soil. In 2008, in five of nine sampling dates, significant treatment effects were detected on leaf Zn concentrations. On all of the dates, M2Z2 had the highest foliar Zn levels. During the Summer 2008 (17 July) foliar Zn in M2Z2, treatment reached 66 μg·g−1; the control treatment level was 45 μg·g−1. Nut yields were higher in treatments receiving manure, with or without Zn in the first year, and highest in the untreated control the second year. No differences were observed in trunk growth, leaf area, leaf weight, or nut growth. Kernel percentages were over 61.4 in the 3 years of study in all treatments. Largest differences among treatments in nut size were found in 2007; nut weight in the control treatment was 7.5 g per nut and in M was 8.0 g per nut. Nut weight was smaller during 2008 when nut yield was high, and the untreated control nuts were smaller than those from treated trees. The manure and manure plus Zn treatments increased foliar Zn levels in pecan trees after 3 years of annual applications. In 2008, significant differences in leaflet Zn concentration among treatments were detected with M2Z2 having the highest concentrations.
Systemic cytokine potential in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Khrenov A. A. , Fedoseeva V. M. , Grishin M. M.
Published: February 2020

The objective: to investigate the cytokine potential (TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4) in the systemic blood circulation of patients who successfully completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, depending on whether they have chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).

Subjects and methods. The study included 118 patients who had successfully completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis by the time of the examination. Group 1 included 79 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis without COPD, Group 2 – 39 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and concurrent COPD. The Control Group consisted of 24 healthy individuals.In all patients, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4, as well as the active form of TGF-β1 were tested in the systemic blood circulation using commercial ELISA test systems.

Results. By the time of successful tuberculosis treatment completion, COPD patients were found to develop the following: a special Th2-associated form of immune imbalance characterized by the reduced systemic level of TNF-α in combination with the increased level of IL-4; the increased risk of development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis due to the high level of growth factor TGF-β1 (in comparison with patients without COPD); elevated levels of TGF-β1 (compared with patients without COPD), creating favorable endogenous conditions for tuberculosis relapse.
Cases of granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener's disease) diagnosed in the regional TB dispensary
Authors: Tinkova V. V. , Lekhlyayder M. V. , Galushko N. A. , Lisina O. V. , Gelich M. E.
Published: February 2020

The article describes 2 cases when granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener's disease) were diagnosed in the regional TB dispensary. Publications on the main clinical, radiological and morphological manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangitis were reviewed, the specific parameters required for differential diagnosis of this disease from tuberculosis were highlighted. This article demonstrates the need for the interdisciplinary approach to the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Modern Law Aspect on Procedural Decision of Sultan Adam Law
Authors: Hasan Ahmadi , Hafidzi Anwar , Zaidah Yusna
Published: February 2020

The main focus of this research was analyzing the normative procedural decision of Sultan Adam Law which was applied by Sultan Adam during 1835 AD. Its emergence was for strengthening Islam Aqeedah for its believers and clinging on to Syafii Madhhab. Sultan Adam Law was remarkable to scrutinize, especially when associated with the modern law aspect. By employing the law history approach, this research attempted to respond to Sultan Adam Law procedural decision document issues which were associated with the modern law aspect. It could be seen through several sides such as political law, law substance, arrangement system as well as procedural aspect. The research also responded on how several factors explained Sultan Adam Law included in modern law. Based on the analysis result, it could be concluded that Sultan Adam Law was a written law decision which its existence in Banjarese people contained principles and legal norms as well as several procedural law decisions in a modern way. Although it was simple systematics which did not classify based on article and section, it contained several decision or principles and legal norms.
Production of Biocomposite Packaging Materials From Fruit Juice Processing Wastes
Authors: ERSUS Seda , YALÇIN MELİKOĞLU Arzu , CESUR Serap
Published: February 2020

The use of biocomposite packaging materials is nowadays considered as an important issue for overcoming the environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging materials that is produced from fossil fuels which take centuries to degrade in nature. Biocomposite materials are made up of two components, a polymer matrix and a natural organic reinforcing agent/filling material. In the production of biocomposites, the use of low-cost and widely available waste materials have advantages such as increasing biodegradability and a reduction in weight of the more expensive materials. The pomace resulting from the large quantities of peel, seed, stalks, etc. produced as waste by the fruit juice processing sector, and the polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin derived from this pomace, has the potential to be used as reinforcing agent and/or filling material in the development of biocomposite packaging materials with 10-50% (w/w) addition. In this review, (i) extraction of some of the biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose from the fruit juice processing waste, (ii) production of biocomposite food packaging materials, and (iii) investigation of the effects of reinforcing agents obtained from the fruit juice processing waste on the mechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of biocomposite materials were summarized.
Gerçek Zamanlı Araç Hız Ölçümü ve Takip Sistemi Tasarımı
Authors: DANDIL Emre , DEMİR Esra
Published: February 2020

Öncelikli amacı araçların konumunu takip etmek olan araç takip sistemlerinin teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak son yıllarda birçok alanda kullanıldıkları görülmektedir. Gerçek zamanlı araç takibi ile araçların güvenliği, toplu taşıma sistemlerinin izlenmesi, filoların yönetimi gibi birçok uygulama gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ayrıca, küresel boyutta yollardaki araç sayısı da hızla artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Global Konumlandırma Sistemini (GPS) ve Mobil İletişim için Global Sistem (GSM) kullanarak araçların takip sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ile araçların konumlarına kolay bir şekilde ulaşılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, GSM/GPRS ve GPS teknolojileri yardımıyla kullanışlı bir araç takip ve hız ölçüm sistemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen sistemde, öncelikle tasarlanan devre üzerinde GPS ile aracın konum bilgisi alınarak GSM modülü üzerinden bir web sunucusuna aktarılmaktadır. Sonraki aşamada, web sunucusuna gelen bilgiler bağlı bir web servis aracılığıyla, web ve mobil uygulamalara aktarılarak, aracın konumu harita üzerinde izlenebilmektedir. Ayrıca, sistemde belirli aralıklarla alınan konum bilgileri arasındaki mesafe ve zaman parametreleri kullanılarak, aracın hız bilgisi de gerçek zamanlı belirlenebilmektedir. Yürütülen test işlemlerinde, hareket halindeki bir araç içerisinde gerçek zamanlı olarak gerçekleştirilen 8 farklı hız değerinin ölçüm sonucu karşılaştırmasına göre, önerilen sistem ile ölçülen iki hız değerinin arasında mutlak ortalama hata 1.51 km/s olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ek olarak, önerilen sistem ile aracın tam konum bilgisi belirlendikten sonra, kullanıcı SMS ile bilgilendirilebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, geliştirilen gerçek zamanlı araç takip sistemi özellik, işlevsellik ve maliyet bakımından mevcut çözümlerle karşılaştırıldığında daha avantajlı bir altyapı sunmaktadır.
Fenol-4-Sülfonik Asit ve 1,3-Bis(4-Piridil)Propan Tabanlı Yeni Organik Bileşiğin Hidrotermal Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: ÇOBAN Mustafa Burak
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada, yeni iki-boyutlu organik bileşik [PSA2][BPP2] (psa=fenol-4-sülfonik asit, bpp=1,3-Bis(4-piridil)propan) hidrotermal yöntem ile sentezlendi, tek kristal X-ışını kırınımı, toz kristal X-ışını kırınım yöntemi (PXRD), element analizi ve katı-hal UV-vis spektroskopisi ile karakterize edildi. Kristal yapı analizi, bileşiğin ortorombik kristal sisteminde Pca21 uzay grubunda kristalleştiğini ve asimetrik biriminde iki psa ve iki bpp ligandından oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Fenol ve piridil grupları neredeyse düzlemseldir. Ek olarak, bileşiğin kristal yapısı moleküller arası O–H…O, C–H…O hidrojen bağlarının yanı sıra molekül içi C–H…π ve bpp molekülleri arasında meydana gelen π - π etkileşimleriyle iki-boyutlu yapıyı oluşturmuş ve yapısal kararlılık sağlamıştır.
Approach to a water safety plan for recreational waters: disinfection of a drainage pumping station as an unconventional point source of fecal contamination
Authors: Carducci A. , Federigi I. , Cioni L. , Landucci A. , Donzelli G. , Iannelli R. , Pretti C. , Tardelli F. , Casu V. , Verani M.
Published: February 2020

In the context of the management of bathing water quality, the intermittent contamination of rainwater drainage pumps (unconventional point sources) could be controlled by peracetic acid disinfection. Thus, a field experimental study was carried out to set up a water safety plan, determining the monitoring parameters and the critical limit for corrective actions. With a 0.5 mg/l dosage, the average logarithmic microbial reduction was 0.50 ± 0.48 for Escherichia coli (EC) and 0.43 ± 0.54 for intestinal enterococci. Among the chemical and physical parameters that could be monitored in real time, the oxidation–reduction potential was the only one able to predict the microbial concentration discharged from a drainage pump and the logarithmic abatement of EC. Considering the possible impact of this source on bathing waters in terms of additional risk of gastrointestinal infections, the critical limit for continuous monitoring was established using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model.
Development of a communication policy for the formation of the image of the General education organization
Authors: Ushakov Denis Andreevich
Published: February 2020

In the article, the author considers and implements the mechanism of communication policy, which contributes to the formation of the image of the organization of General education