bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency Dependence of the Parameters of the Inductive RF Discharge Located in the Low-Value Magnetic Field
Authors: Nikonov A. M. , Vavilin K. V. , Zadiriev I. I. , Dvinin S. A. , Kralkina E. A.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we carried out studies of the properties of an inductive RF discharge placed in a magnetic field with an induction of less than 70 G at frequencies of 2, 4 and 13.56 MHz. Experiments have shown that when operating at frequencies of 2 and 4 MHz at low powers of the RF generator, the range of existence of the discharge is limited by large magnetic fields. The efficiency of RF power input η non-monotonically depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field. The position of the main maximum η shifts to the region of higher B with increasing frequency, power of the RF generator and argon pressure, and at the same time the maximum broadens. An increase in frequency, power and argon pressure is accompanied by an increase in the absolute values of η. When operating at a frequency of 4 MHz, in addition to the main maximum η, a local maximum appears in the region B 35–70 G. With increasing pressure, a shift in the position of the local maximum and its smoothing is observed. Comparison of experimental data with calculated data allows us to conclude that the local maximum of plasma density observed at weak magnetic fields is associated with resonant excitation of waves in the plasma source. At a frequency of 2 MHz, the excited wave is close to a transverse helicon, and at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, its properties approach the Trivelpiece–Gold wave.
Length of Critical Streamers
Authors: Bogatov N. A.
Published: August 2024

The concept of equipotential length of positive quasi-stationary streamers is introduced as a criterion for assessing their degree of isolation. The equipotential length of positive critical streamers (streamers moving in the minimum electric field sufficient for the unrestricted propagation of a positive streamer) in the normal atmosphere is defined, both for individual streamers and those forming a thin bundle of streamers. The dependence of the equipotential length of positive quasi-stationary streamers on external field, velocity, radius, and electron concentration in the streamer head is investigated. A criterion is proposed for analytical models of quasi-stationary streamers, providing an additional independent equation to the system of equations describing the dynamics of quasi-stationary streamers, valid only for critical streamers. The insignificance of the influence of electrodes located at a distance greater than its equipotential length from the streamer head on the quasi-stationary streamer is proven, confirming the adequacy of using the equipotential length to assess the isolation of positive streamers.
Electric Discharge Between a Metal Cathode and a Liquid Non-Metal Anode
Authors: Kayumov R. R. , Kuputdinova A. I. , Mirkhanov D. N. , Gaisin A. F.
Published: August 2024

Gas-discharge plasma generated between a metal cathode and a liquid non-metallic anode at atmospheric pressure has been studied. The discharge is ignited by immersing the metal electrode in the electrolyte. The types and shapes of plasma structures generated in the interelectrode gap and their electrical parameters are considered. The results of thermographic analysis of the electrode surface under discharge conditions are presented. Using emission spectroscopy, the plasma composition, electron concentration and temperature of the heavy component were studied.
Dynamics of a Discharge Initiated by a Powerful Femtosecond Laser Pulse in Atmospheric Pressure Air in Pre-Breakdown Electrical Fields
Authors: Popov N. A. , Bogatov N. A. , Bocharov A. N. , Mareev E. A.
Published: August 2024

Numerical modeling of the dynamics of a discharge initiated by a high-power femtosecond laser pulse in air at atmospheric pressure in pre-breakdown fields was carried out. Calculations were conducted within the framework of a 1D-axisymmetric model that describes the evolution of the radial profiles of the main parameters of the discharge under study. The model includes a system of reaction that determine gas heating and a detailed description of the kinetic processes in a given discharge, as well as a system of gas-dynamic equations to describe the expansions of the heated channel. The results of calculations of the breakdown time of the discharge gap are conсistent with the measurement data over the entire studied range of electric field strengths, E = 9–17 kV/cm. It is shown that one of the key factors determining the evolution of the parameters of a given discharge is the rate of gas heating.
On the dialogism of genre nature of the concept of “Selected passages from correspondence with friends”: notes on the margins of the book by Iu. V. Mann “In search of a living soul...”
Authors: Paderina Ekaterina G.
Published: August 2024

The issue of the genre nature of “Selected passages from correspondence with friends” is one of the oldest, most significant and yet actual problems of studying Gogol’s latest book. The first readers and critics faced this problem in 1847. Since then, interest in the genre of the book has been followed by special attention to its creative history. At the same time, it is well known that the book was created during Gogol’s work on the second volume of “Dead Souls” and that Gogol involved a wide range of close and distant readers in this process. This was discussed by Yu.V. Mann in his book “In search of a living soul: ‘Dead Souls’. Writer – criticism – reader” (published in 1984), where the long-lasting writer-reader dialogue is presented with factual and documentary details. In this context, Yu.V. Mann made observations, that are important for understanding the genre origins of the concept of “Selected passages ...”. Over the 40 years since that, the scholarly stockpile of studying Gogol’s work has been significantly expanded, and now we can appreciate and develop the scholarly resource of Mann’s observations about the dialogical origins of its idea.
Derzhavin and his “Marble Bust”
Authors: Klein Joachim
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with Derzhavin’s autobiographical poetry as exemplified by his poem “My Bust”. A marble bust which Derzhavin had ordered for himself is a source of hope and self-doubt for his lyrical speaker. Does he actually deserve the honour represented by this sculpture and, if the answer is yes, on which grounds? Accordingly, the lyrical monologue turns into a sequence of sharply contrasting moods of confidence and self-deprecation, which is unique in eighteenth-century Russian poetry. The dramatism of this monologue calms down at the end of the poem in a spirit of Horatian wisdom. The poem is remarkable for its self-critical and self-ironic character. The article closes with a reflection on Derzhavin and his claim of eternal fame.
The nature and types of pragmatic information about the word and its presentation in the explanatory dictionary
Authors: Kakorina Elena V.
Published: August 2024

Modern lexicographers strive for the most complete and integral description of the language, taking into account the various (semantic, compatibility, pragmatic) characteristics of the word. The terms pragmatics, pragmatic information are ambiguous. They are understood both as information about the social and situational conditions of the use of a word in speech, information of a historical and cultural nature related to the life of a word in the usage of a particular era, and as a certain component of the meaning of a word. The article discusses ways of presenting pragmatic information when describing various categories of words in The Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Everyday Speech (EDRES). The problems of lexicographic reflection of various types of phenomena included in the sphere of pragmatics are posed. Using the example of TSRR, the possibilities of using various aspects of pragmatic information in the dictionary are demonstrated.
Edition of M. Gorky’s letters: history and methodology
Authors: Plotnikova Anastasia G.
Published: August 2024

The article describes the history and methodology of publishing Gorky’s rich heritage at the Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We present the overview of approaches to the publication of Gorky’s letters in periodicals, memoir prose, and research series “Archive of A.M. Gorky”, “Literary Heritage”, “M. Gorky. Materials and Research”, etc. The problem of choosing the main source of the text is highlighted. We also analyze the methodology of preparing of a scholarly textual, real-historical, bibliographic commentary on the letters of M. Gorky, which is published as part of the Complete Works of the writer at the IWL RAS. Some complex textual cases encountered by the editors of the publication are presented in the article. It is important to begin a scholarly understanding of the history and methodology of this work, which combines the best textual traditions of the IWL RAS and modern approaches, because the 3rd series of the collection – “Literary-critical and journalistic articles of M. Gorky” is under planning now.
Optative constructions in Meadow Mari and Hill Mari
Authors: Zakirova Aigul N.
Published: August 2024

Grammaticalization of optative forms and constructions remains understudied from a typological perspective. The goal of this study is to describe and investigate the grammaticalization paths of optative constructions in four Mari lects, namely in Morki-Sernur Mari, Volga Mari ( Meadow Mari) and in the Hill Mari lects of Mikryakovo and Kuznetsovo.
The following constructions are considered: 1) construction with the 3rd person imperative (jussive) form, 2) construction with the -aš-infinitive, 3) construction with the non-past 1SG form (NPST.1SG), 4) construction with the debitive form in -šaš. The compatibility of these constructions with different subjects (namely, 1SG and 3SG) is discussed. As it turns out, the optative construction with jussive retains the restrictions of the original form: it is only possible with 3rd person subjects. The construction with the infinitive in three lects is only compatible with 1SG subjects, while in the Volga dialects it can be used with 3SG subjects as well. Paradoxically, the construction with NPST.1SG form is used with 3SG subjects. Finally, the optative use of the form in -šaš in Meadow Mari lects is restricted to 1SG subjects, whereas in Hill Mari it can be used with both 1SG and 3SG subjects.
Possible grammaticalization mechanisms for these constructions are discussed. The construction with jussive develops from the imperative form, which is “softened” by the retrospective shift particle. The optative construction with infinitive emerges from independent uses of the -aš infinitive. The most important for the diachronic typology of optative is the construction with the NPST.1SG form. I propose that it had grammaticalized from counterfactual uses of the NPST.1SG form. Finally, the fourth optative construction developed based on the debitive form in -šaš.
The Role of the USA in the Preparation and Holding of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Authors: Lekarenko O. G.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the United States during the preparation and holding of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The study was based on an analysis of American diplomatic documents published in the series “Foreign Relations of the United States”. The reaction of Washington to the proposal of the Warsaw Pact countries to hold a pan-European conference is considered. The US tactics at the multilateral preliminary consultations in Helsinki are analyzed. The contribution of American politicians to the successful completion of the CSCE is examined. It is concluded that despite external passivity, the United States played a significant role in the implementation of the CSCE, acting as a mediator between the Soviet Union and the countries of Western Europe. Due to American diplomats, a number of compromises were found that ensured the signing of the final CSCE documents.
"Invisible Force" or Diplomatic Powerlessness? (American Diplomacy Through the Eyes of CIA Director William Burns)
Authors: Surguladze V. Sh.
Published: August 2024

The memoirs of William Burns, the American diplomat and director of the Central Intelligence Agency, paint a wide panorama of U.S. foreign policy. These memoirs are particularly relevant because they document the role of the United States in destabilizing the world order that emerged following the Second World War, including its participation in fomenting crises in the post-Soviet space that led to the development of the Ukrainian crisis and the beginning of a special military operation by Russia. The memoirs are not only the testimony of an informed eyewitness but also a valuable source on the modern history of international relations, since they are supplemented with declassified diplomatic documents of the American State Department. These documents, now part of the academic record, clarify both the patterns of American foreign policy behavior and the destructive role of the United States in numerous crises, many of which, according to the documents presented, were predicted by W. Burns as inevitable long before the escalation occurred.
Reflections of Culture Wars in Contemporary U.S. Cinema
Authors: Khalilov V. M.
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the impact of cinema in the ongoing culture war between the "orthodox alliance" – conservative, right-wing, predominantly Christian groups – and progressivist, leftist liberal, mostly secular and atheist communities in the struggle for the right to shape the social agenda, dominate public discourse, and define American popular culture. The author examines the advance of the progressivist agenda in Hollywood films and the attempts of right-wing traditionalists to counter this perceived imposition of hostile values through boycotts and the creation of alternative content. The commercial failures of mainstream Hollywood productions that preach diversity, equity, and inclusion, and the sudden box office success of independent titles that appeal to ultraconservative audiences, demonstrate that the longstanding hegemony of liberal perspectives in public entertainment has begun to face considerable competition from orthodoxy. This could affect the outcome of the entire confrontation between two fundamentally different visions of America.
Budget Process in the USA: Shutdown as a Tool of Inter-Party Struggle
Authors: Kirichenko E. V.
Published: August 2024

In the United States, a complex process has been formed for the annual adoption of the federal budget for the next fiscal year starting on October 1. The House of Representatives and the Senate must coordinate and approve 12 bills on appropriations for the main areas of government activity for the next fiscal year, and the president must sign them by September 30. If the appropriations bills are not passed, the activities of government institutions are suspended (shutdown). Congress last completed the budget approval process before the start of the fiscal year in 1997. Since then, Congress has resorted to continuing resolutions every year to avoid a shutdown. An analysis of the budget debate in Congress during the Joe Biden administration shows how the threat of a shutdown is used in the political struggle between the two parties in conditions of divided government. The problems and risks associated with shutdowns and continuing resolutions for the socio-economic development of the United States are also analyzed.
Perception and practices of obstetricians and ophthalmologists eye diseases during pregnancy
Authors: Uysal Emre , Kulhan Nur Gözde , Günenc Oğuzhan , Kulhan Mehmet , Esenkaya Ümmügülsüm
Published: August 2024

Aims: Cesarean delivery can be crucial for both the mother and the baby, with indications often stemming from fetal or maternal health concerns. In addition to obstetric factors, non-obstetric conditions such as eye diseases frequently necessitate cesarean delivery. Among the eye diseases commonly encountered during pregnancy are refractive errors, diabetic retinopathy, ocular malignancies, and glaucoma. Some of these conditions may exacerbate during pregnancy due to related health issues like diabetes or hypertension, or they may be aggravated by the stress of vaginal labor. Consequently, the decision regarding the continuation of pregnancy, the mode of delivery, and even the choice of anesthesia can vary depending on the specific eye disease and its severity or characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of obstetricians regarding the management of pregnant women with different eye conditions, with the ultimate goal of increasing awareness among obstetricians.
Methods: In this study, a total of 46 obstetricians and 30 ophthalmologists practicing in Turkiye were included. Participants were surveyed to gather information, as no existing survey or scale pertaining to our study subject was available. Therefore, a novel survey form was developed based on previous studies addressing similar topics, and this survey was administered to all participants.
Results: During the study, both obstetricians and ophthalmologists were queried about the management of 17 distinct eye diseases occurring during pregnancy. Ophthalmologists advocated for normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in 13 out of the 17 eye diseases. On the other hand, obstetricians opted for NVD in 5 out of the 17 cases, while recommending ophthalmology consultation in 12 out of the 17 scenarios.
Conclusion: It has been noted that ophthalmologists suggest vaginal birth in 9 out of 17 eye diseases, whereas obstetricians tend to recommend consulting ophthalmologists rather than making independent decisions. This trend may stem from the fact that obstetricians may lack sufficient knowledge about eye diseases, as these conditions are not primarily within the scope of pregnancy-related care. Additionally, obstetricians might be inclined to share responsibility, possibly due to the rise in malpractice cases against obstetricians in recent years in Turkiye.
Pyuria, bacteriuria and empirical antibiotic selection in pregnant women
Authors: Tuna Ayşegül , Akkuş İlknur , Gül Serdar , Kaçmaz Birgül
Published: August 2024

Aims: In pregnancy, early diagnosis and proper treatment of urinary tract infections are crucial in preventing maternal and fetal comorbidities. Therefore, pregnant women should be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pyuria and bacteriuria and the susceptibility of uropathogens, as well as to review the empiric drug options for pregnant women.
Methods: The presence of pyuria and bacteriuria in urine samples obtained from the pregnant outpatient clinic between January 2023 and December 2023 at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Hospital’s Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory was investigated. Uropathogens were identified and typed using the BD Phoenix™ M50 automated system for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and antibiotic susceptibility was interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing criteria.
Results: A total of 1457 urine samples were evaluated in this retrospective study. Uropathogens were detected in 235 patients, while 301 samples were considered contaminated. Uropathogens were found to be susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin, in that order, for use in pregnant women. High resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins were observed.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, local resistance rates against urinary pathogens in pregnant women should be determined at specific intervals, and empirical antibiotic therapy should be planned based on these data.
Ultrasonographic assessment of cricothyroid membrane height in a Turkish cohort
Authors: Özdemir Kalkan Doğa , Kavak Nezih
Published: August 2024

Aims: Cricothyrotomy is a life-saving technique utilized in emergency airway management. This study aimed to assess the variability in the height of the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) based on gender, age, and body-mass index (BMI) across different neck positions, neutral and maximally extended.
Methods: The study enrolled healthy volunteers aged 18 years and older. Participant baseline characteristics (age, gender, and BMI) were systematically documented. The height of the CTM was measured using, with the participants’ necks positioned in neutral and extended postures. Associations between CTM height and demographic variables, including sex, age, height, and BMI, were evaluated.
Results: The study cohort comprised 296 individuals with a mean age of 41.84±15.76 years, ranging from 18 to 75 years. 30.3% of the participants were between 18 and 29 years old. 175 participants (59.1%) were female. The CTM height was significantly greater in the maximum extension position compared to the neutral position (p
Morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of age-related structural alterations in optic nerve
Authors: Çilingiroğlu Anlı Serpil , Çalgüner Engin , Erdoğan Deniz , Kadıoğlu Dural , Elmas Çiğdem , Gozil Rabet , Bahçelioğlu Meltem
Published: August 2024

Aims: As individuals age, there is a known decline in visual function attributed to a reduction in the optic nerve fibers and myelin sheath degeneration. Studies present conflicting findings on whether aging affects axonal integrity in the human optic nerve. This study aims to investigate degenerative changes in the aging rat optic nerve.
Methods: The investigation involved 36 Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups: the newborn, prepubertal, pubertal, junior, adult, and elderly groups. This study investigated optic nerve axon counts, axon diameters, levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) and nerve growth factor immunoreactivity (NGF-IR), as well as findings from light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) in these groups.
Results: This study observed age-related alterations in rat optic nerves, including increased diameter, irregular axon count fluctuations (both increases and decreases), elevated astrocyte count, and a simultaneous decline in oligodendrocyte count. Additionally, it was observed that NGF-IR was predominantly at the membrane level in newborns and moderately in the cytoplasm, whereas in older ages, it was evident at both cellular and axonal levels furthermore, it was observed that GFAP-IR increased with age. However, in LM and EM examinations, axonal loss and rarefaction, accumulation of osmiophilic substances, splitting of the myelin sheath, vacuolization, axonal retraction were observed.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that one of the causes of age-related vision loss is the advanced degenerative changes in the optic nerve and it was concluded that the remaining small-diameter myelinated nerve fibers may partially compensate for the sense of vision. Our study reveals that age-related degenerative changes in the central nervous system resemble those in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a potential contribution to MS pathogenesis.
The mediational role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between adult separation anxiety and partner-related obsessive compulsive symptoms
Authors: Güler Kahraman
Published: August 2024

Aims: This study aims to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between adult separation anxiety and partner-focused obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Methods: The study includes a total of 502 adult participants aged over 18, consisting of 293 women and 209 men, who participated on a voluntary basis. The personal information form, partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms scale, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, adult separation anxiety questionnaire, and mindful attention awareness scale were used in this research. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 27 software.
Results: The results indicate that the self-blame and focusing on thought subscales of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire have a mediating role between adult separation anxiety and partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Conclusion: Mindfulness serves as a mediator in the relationship between adult separation anxiety and partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Radiographical examination of pulp stone distribution by cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Tunç Fatma , Çulha Emre , Baştürk Muazzez Naz
Published: August 2024

Aims: The present study aimed to ascertain the association between pulp stone production and tooth type, jaw, arch orientation, and dental status in a Turkish subpopulation in the southern region of Turkiye by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images.
Methods: The study included a retrospective examination of cone beam computed tomography images obtained at Gaziantep Private Dental Clinic and Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry between 2014 and 2020 for various purposes, and a recording of teeth with pulp calcification in the pulp chamber. The study did not include any teeth that had root canal therapy or porcelain crowns. Data was gathered from radiographs of people in the 19-90 age range. In all, 1676 teeth had pulp stones found in them. To compare proportions, two proportion z-tests were employed.
Results: Male individuals possessed 774 teeth with pulp stones, while female individuals possessed 902 teeth with the same condition. The prevalence of pulp stones in first and second molar teeth (1092, 65.16%) is statistically farther than central and lateral incisors (238, 4.2%), canine (207, 12.35%) and premolar (139, 8.29%). The rate of pulp calcifications is statistically higher; in intact (1065, 63.54%) teeth compared to the teeth with filling materials (443, 26.43%) and teeth with caries (173, 10.32%); in the maxilla (874, 52.15%) compared to mandible (802, 47.85%). Pulp stone occurrence was higher on the right side (888, 52.98%) than on the left side (788, 47.02) (p
Prediction of retinopathy through machine learning in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Keçeli Tarık , İlhanlı Nevruz , Gülkesen Kemal Hakan
Published: August 2024

Aims: Development of a machine learning model on an electronic health record (EHR) dataset for predicting retinopathy in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), analysis of its explainability.
Methods: A public dataset based on EHR records of patients diagnosed with DM located in İstanbul, Turkiye (n=77724) was used. The categorical variable indicating a retinopathy-positive diagnosis was chosen as the target variable. Variables were preprocessed and split into training and test sets with the same ratio of class distribution for model training and evaluation respectively. Four machine learning models were developed for comparison: logistic regression, decision tree, random forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Each algorithm’s optimal hyperparameters were obtained using randomized search cross validation with 10-folds followed by the training of the models based on the results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) score was used as the primary evaluation metric. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was done to provide explainability of the trained models.
Results: The XGBoost model showed the best results on retinopathy classification on the test set with a low amount of overfitting (AUC: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.808-0.819). 15 variables that had the highest impact on the prediction were obtained for explainability, which include eye-ear drugs, other eye diseases, Disorders of refraction, Insulin aspart and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
Conclusion: Early detection of retinopathy based on EHR data can be successfully detected in people with diabetes using machine learning. Our study reports that the XGBoost algorithm performed best in this research, with the presence of other eye diseases, insulin dependence and high HbA1c being observed as important predictors of retinopathy.
The effect of simulated food liquids on the surface structure and solubility of various esthetic restorations
Authors: Yalçın Abdurrahman , Bakır Elif Pınar , Bakır Şeyhmus
Published: August 2024

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the surface roughness and solubility of restorative materials when exposed to foodstuffs in the oral environment using simulated food liquids as defined by the Food and Drug Administration.
Methods: In this study, a total of four esthetic restorative materials were used: one universal compomer (Dyract XP, Dentsply), one conventional microhybrid composite (FiltekTM Z250, 3M ESPE), one nanofilled, and one high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (ChemFil Rock, Dentsply). A total of 160 samples, each 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were prepared using molds. The initial weights of the samples were recorded in micrograms using a precision balance to determine solubility values. Initial surface roughness values were measured using an atomic force microscope device. The samples were immersed in four different simulated food liquids (ethanol, heptane, citric acid, and distilled water) for a period of 7 days. After removal from the solutions, the samples were desiccated to a constant weight, and the second set of weights was recorded. Subsequently, the second surface roughness values were measured
Results: Among the materials immersed in the simulated food solutions, ChemFil Rock exhibited the highest solubility and increase in surface roughness. Citric acid was found to be the solution that caused the highest increase in surface roughness values and solubility for this material (p
Ballistic Motion of Dust Particles in the "Collecting the Big Muley Lunar Rock" Sequence of the Apollo XVI Footage
Authors: Michelotti Alessio , Simon Andrea
Published: August 2024

This manuscript develops and integrates the previous study “_ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR TRACKING BODIES MOTIONS ON THE LUNAR SURFACE IN APOLLO XVI FOOTAGE_” https://doi.org/10.32388/IA8MXE in order to introduce a robust analytical method to trace and analyze the movement of dust shot during the Apollo XVI mission on the lunar surface. By employing both 2D and 3D analysis techniques, we aim to provide a detailed comparison of the observed kinematic events against theoretical models.

The paper extends a previous work focused on the kinematics of lunar dust utilizing footage from the “Grand Prix” sequence of the Apollo XVI mission "Ballistic motion of dust particles in the Lunar Roving Vehicle dust trails" published in 2012 in the American Journal of Physics by Mihaly Horanyi and Hsiang-Wen Hsu: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258468670 [Ann. 1 [https://www.tech-cc.eu/tcc/wp-content/uploads/2020/TAXVIF/Annexes/01_AJP_2012.pdf] – Ann. 2 [https://www.tech-cc.eu/tcc/wp-content/uploads/2020/TAXVIF/Annexes/02_roostertail.zip]].

In this further analysis, a sequence in which the astronaut Charles Duke collects an igneous rock (the so-called Big Muley) is tracked. A clearly visible trail of dust is kicked from the left foot of Duke and following a parabolic path, it will reach the lunar ground in the next 25 frames.

By tracking the motion of the dust, we obtain information on its grain size and mechanical behavior in the lunar environment, about the validity of the expected motion models, and - last but not least - about the integrity of the original films in the digital transpositions to which we have access, in particular with respect to the played framerate.
Are Pain and Mourning for a Pet and a Family Member the Same?
Authors: Mariano Stefano
Published: August 2024

Many people lives with pets and the most part of them are considered as a family members. So, when a companion animal dies, people experiences pain and mourning. Despite the recent increase in research interest in human-pet relationships, to my knowledge there is no review that answers this question: Are pain and bereavement for a pet and for a family member the same? The present narrative review may be a first step in answering this question.

METHODS: This review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. After removal of duplicates and examination of titles and abstracts, 49 records were included in the review (see Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 for further details). The retrieved articles were selected and evaluated by reading each one in full text (see Appendix 3 for further details).

DISCUSSION: This review, was beyond the scope of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intensity of mourning for the loss of an AC compared to mourning for the loss of a human. However, in examining the literature collected in the present study, we can highlight some significant recurring themes:

A. Intensity of grief over the loss of one's pet; B. The relationship between the owner/caregiver and their pet; C. The individual's vision and perspective of life after the loss of their pet; D. Society's disenfranchised grief.

CONCLUSIONS: The research indicates that AC owners experience a spectrum of pain and grief intensity when their pet dies, ranging from moderate to excruciating. 
This grief is often compared to that experienced upon the loss of a close family member. However, many variables influence the intensity of grief: age, social condition (living alone or in a family context) of the caregiver/pet owner, age of the dead animal, etc. Therefore, further research is needed.

In addition, this review reveals a pervasive underestimation of the grief associated with the loss of a pet, both by society at large and by individuals who do not own a pet.
This disenfranchised grief can have a profound emotional impact on those who experience the loss of a pet.

It is also clear that veterinarians can play a role in helping AC owners to grieve and in improving the wellbeing, resilience and quality of life of people around the world experiencing pet loss. Further research is needed to develop a measure of DG that is specific to the loss of human companion animals (Brown et al., 2023).
Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Study of Aegle Marmelos : A Review
Authors: Shalini Shukla  , S. Ramasamy  , Neetika Misra
Published: August 2024

Aegle marmelos, commonly called "Bael," is a native Indian herb. The Bael tree—also referred to as the golden apple or Bengal quince—belongs to the Rutaceae family of medium-sized deciduous trees. Traditional medicine has traditionally utilized all portions of the sapling, including the fruit, woof, roots, leaves, and stems because they all have medicinal properties. Regardless of how old the fruit is, this is accurate. The composition of Aegle marmelos has been found to include flavonoids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, vitamins, and essential oils, among other things. The plant has pharmacological properties that can modulate the immune system, relieve pain, reduce inflammation, treat arthritis, lower blood cholesterol, fight cancer, fight viruses, treat ulcers, and promote wound healing. Its other properties include anti-proliferative, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Therefore, those who are keen to carry out further research on.
Measuring Regional Competitiveness Through The Regional Development Index
Authors: Amir Rismayanti
Published: August 2024

This research aims to conduct an analysis focusing on measuring the level of regional competitiveness by utilizing the regional development index as a measure of regional development performance in Luwu Raya. This measurement examines several indicators considered influential, namely economic, social, infrastructure, and environmental aspects. The sample in this research includes all regions in Luwu Raya, comprising Palopo City, Luwu Regency, North Luwu Regency, and East Luwu Regency. The method employed in this research is quantitative analysis using the composite performance index as the analytical technique. The primary steps in constructing a composite index involve weighting, literature studies, trend determination, alternative index determination, and composite index determination. The results reveal that the regional competitiveness in Luwu Raya is unevenly distributed. Palopo City is the region with the highest level of competitiveness, while two regencies, North Luwu and Luwu, have the lowest levels of competitiveness. The most influential aspect of regional competitiveness is infrastructure, as measured by data on the condition of paved roads and clean water distribution. The problem that needs to be addressed in almost all regions of Luwu Raya is poverty. Infrastructure is a pioneering indicator that can have a significant positive or negative impact on development in Luwu Raya. Therefore, it is expected that the government can focus its development policies on infrastructure to provide multiplier effects on economic and social aspects through inclusive economic growth and job creation.
Glutamine Metabolism in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guo Xuguang
Published: August 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in the urinary system. Research suggest that prostate cancer is often accompanied by gene mutations and metabolic reprogramming during disease progression, leading to disease advancement, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. During metabolic reprogramming, glutamine serves as a carbon and nitrogen source to replenish the tricarboxylic acid cycle driving tumor metabolism. Among all types of amino acids, glutamine is the most widely distributed and functionally diverse in the human body. In healthy and diseased states of the human body, immune cells metabolize glutamine at a rate similar to glucose. Glutamine release and utilization in circulation are primarily controlled by organs such as the intestines, liver, and skeletal muscles. Under high catabolism such as inflammation and cancer, glutamine can become essential molecule for metabolic function, but its availability may be impaired due to disrupted homeostasis of amino acids in inter-tissue metabolism. This research briefly reviews the metabolism of glutamine in prostate cancer.
A Multimodal Analysis of the Linguistic Landscape of Guilin: City as a World-Class Tourism
Authors: Lei Shulin , Teng Liyuan
Published: August 2024

The study of language landscape has always been the focus of linguistic research, but there are few studies on the world-class tourism language landscape in minority areas. Guilin has always been one of the hottest world-class tourism destinations, with its unique minority character. From the perspectives of multimodal analysis and tourism language landscape construction, this paper discussed the language landscape characteristics of Longyin Road and East-West Lane scenic spots with different orientations and investigated the local people's attitudes towards multilingual signs. The study found that the majority of signs are monolingual and bilingual, predominantly in Chinese and English. Non-textual elements significantly complemented the linguistic landscape, highlighting the need for accurate and diverse multilingual signage to enhance Guilin's world-class tourism image.
HU U?: The Impact of Texting Language on the Academic Writing Proficiency of Second Language Learners
Authors: Manzolim Hilda , Michelle Dela Cruz
Published: August 2024

This study examined the common language used for texting between first- and second-year English language studies majors at a state university in the northern Philippines, as well as their writing skills. The methodology of total enumeration sampling was utilized to ascertain the study participants. The findings demonstrated that "Shortenings and Abbreviations" is the most often used texting language among the seven commonly used texting languages among the respondents. The results also revealed that the respondents' written performance had a relatively low level of writing competence, "Developing," which can be linked to their usage of acronyms and shorthands. These imply that the idea that textese, or texting language, is destroying language and influencing the language performance of the students has been proven and confirmed.
From the Oppression of Patriarchy and Inferiority to Freedom: The Reconstruction of Muslim Women’s Selfhood in Brick Lane by Monica Ali
Authors: Fakhrulddin Saif Raed Nafia
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore patriarchy and inferiority as social oppression experienced by Muslim women, as well as the reconstruction of selfhood that Muslim women achieved despite the oppression inflicted upon them by patriarchy and inferiority. To achieve this aim, the novel Brick Lane (2003) by the contemporary Bangladeshi-British author Ali will be analysed, with a focus on the social dilemmas faced by the Muslim female character, Nazneen. Through the analysis of the selected novel, this study will underscore the powerful role of inferiority and patriarchy in unjustly oppressing Muslim women, while also highlighting the reconstruction of selfhood as a crucial pathway to their liberation.
The Influence of Ideology on Translation: A Study of The Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Al-Mashaqbah Qusai
Published: August 2024

Ideology plays a huge role in translation, and it does affect the end product. The study shows that the influence of translation is influenced by the translator's ideology, the institution's ideology, or even the government's ideology. The study aims to investigate the influence of ideology on the translated text and the nature of ideology's function in translation, particularly during wartime. The study focuses on manipulated texts, headlines, and strategies used by translators as they change or rewrite the product of translation to reflect specific beliefs and viewpoints. The study is restricted to texts about the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; the source texts are in English, and the translations are in Arabic. The researcher applies Lefevere's model (1992) by comparing the source texts with their translations. Additionally, the analysis of the translations in the study makes use of critical discourse analysis following Fairclough's (1995) model. The strategies that were used by the translators to manipulate the texts were omission, addition, and lexicalization. The translators interfere in the ST by changing the intent of the original author without maintaining equivalence. The translations of the examples, taken from the RT Arabic Website, Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA)website, and Al Emarat Alyoum website, reflect points of view about the Russia-Ukraine war in the countries where they are produced; these websites adopted the official government's statements and the position these governments take from the Russia-Ukraine war. As a result, translation can be used and seen as a political tool to accomplish certain objectives. It is advised to conduct more research to look into additional factors influencing translation as well as the authors' intentions.
From a Logical Connective to a Discourse Marker: The Functions of “So” Dependent on its Location
Authors: Yu Yichen
Published: August 2024

Traditional studies have been referring to Halliday’s meta-function of language to classify the uses of “so” as a discourse marker. However, there are some overlaps in the theories that were accepted earlier. Thus, this study first seeks to explore the discourse roles of “so” in terms of where it appears (utterance-initial, -middle, and -final) in dialogues and monologues of informal English language based on the TV Corpus and AntConc tool. Second, this paper tries to explain the extended use and internal functional mapping of “so” from a logical connective to a discourse marker in spoken English by building a connection between the two uses and providing an account for its functional borrowing. The ultimate goal is to render a new perspective of presenting both the logical and the discourse functions of “so” related to the syntactical structure and pragmatic context it is in.
Translation Paradigms: Translation in the Development of Digital Humanities
Authors: YANG JING
Published: August 2024

Translation research from the perspective of digital humanities is not only a methodology but also a research paradigm. The emergence of translation research from the perspective of digital humanities not only led to significant changes in translation research methods but also greatly expanded and deepened translation research. This article clarifies the definition of digital humanities in translation studies, traces the origin of digital humanities theory, sorts out the relevant research progress, discusses the application fields and advantages of digital humanities, and puts translation studies in the context of digital humanities development. By combing and analyzing the changes and developments, it discovers the development prospects of the new translation paradigm from the perspective of digital humanities so as to provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of translation studies under the digital humanities approach.
The Evolutional Development of Nouns in Middle Chinese Grammar
Authors: Hulin Ren  , Zeyu Lv  , Yuming Li
Published: August 2024

Middle Chinese witnessed the existence of a large number of new grammatical constituents, some of which had already been developed in the mid and late Old Chinese language before thriving in middle ancient times. Among these, the syntactic functions of nouns in Middle Chinese were in the process of evolutional development. The paper aims to investigate the nature of noun evolution by analyzing the exemplified data. It is found that nouns in Middle Chinese grammar mainly serve as subjects, objects, and attributes, though their direct link with predicates became less frequent due to the extensive usage of the copula of shì是 (be). The development of nouns mainly consisted of prefixes and suffixes, such as the prefix ā阿, which emerged with its crucial evolutional features.