bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiwell-plate Caenorhabditis elegans assay for assessing the therapeutic potential of Bacteriophages against Clinical Pathogens
Authors: Manohar Prasanth , Loh Belinda , Elangovan Namasivayam , Loganathan Archana , Nachimuthu Ramesh , Leptihn Sebastian
Published: January 2022

In order to establish phage therapy as a standard clinical treatment for bacterial infections, testing of every phage to ensure the suitability and safety of the biological compound is required. While some issues have been addressed over recent years, standard and easy-to-use animal models to test phages are still rare. Testing of phages in highly suitable mammalian models such as mice is subjected to strict ethical regulations, while insect larvae such as the Galleria mellonella model suffers from batch-to-batch variations and requires manual operator skills to inject bacteria, resulting in unreliable experimental outcomes. A much simpler model is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which feeds on bacteria, a fast growing and easy to handle organism which can be used in high-throughput screening. In this study, two clinical bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae and one Enterobacter cloacae strain were tested on the model system together with lytic bacteriophages that we isolated previously. We developed a liquid-based assay, in which the efficiency of phage treatment was evaluated using a scoring system based on microscopy and counting of the nematodes, allowing increasing statistical significance compared to other assays such as larvae or mice. Our work demonstrates the potential to use Caenorhabditis elegans to test the virulence of strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and EHEC/ EPEC as well as the efficacy of bacteriophages to treat or prevent infections, allowing a more reliable evaluation for the clinical therapeutic potential of lytic phages.

Importance

Validating the efficacy and safety of phages prior to clinical application is crucial to see phage therapy in practice. Current animal models include mice and insect larvae, which pose ethical or technical challenges. This study examined the use of the nematode model organism, C. elegans as a quick, reliable and simple alternative for testing phages. The data shows that all the four tested bacteriophages can eliminate bacterial pathogens and protect the nematode from infections. Survival rates of the nematodes increased from <20% in the infection group to >90% in the phage treatment group. Even the nematodes with poly-microbial infections recovered during phage cocktail treatment. The use of C. elegans as a simple whole-animal infection model is a rapid and robust way to study the efficacy of phages before testing them on more complex model animals such as mice.
Feature distillation and accumulated selection for automated fraudulent publisher classification from user click data of online advertising
Authors: Sisodia Deepti , Sisodia Dilip Singh
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The problem of choosing the utmost useful features from hundreds of features from time-series user click data arises in online advertising toward fraudulent publisher's classification. Selecting feature subsets is a key issue in such classification tasks. Practically, the use of filter approaches is common; however, they neglect the correlations amid features. Conversely, wrapper approaches could not be applied due to their complexities. Moreover, in particular, existing feature selection methods could not handle such data, which is one of the major causes of instability of feature selection.

Design/methodology/approach

To overcome such issues, a majority voting-based hybrid feature selection method, namely feature distillation and accumulated selection (FDAS), is proposed to investigate the optimal subset of relevant features for analyzing the publisher's fraudulent conduct. FDAS works in two phases: (1) feature distillation, where significant features from standard filter and wrapper feature selection methods are obtained using majority voting; (2) accumulated selection, where we enumerated an accumulated evaluation of relevant feature subset to search for an optimal feature subset using effective machine learning (ML) models.

Findings

Empirical results prove enhanced classification performance with proposed features in average precision, recall, f1-score and AUC in publisher identification and classification.

Originality/value

The FDAS is evaluated on FDMA2012 user-click data and nine other benchmark datasets to gauge its generalizing characteristics, first, considering original features, second, with relevant feature subsets selected by feature selection (FS) methods, third, with optimal feature subset obtained by the proposed approach. ANOVA significance test is conducted to demonstrate significant differences between independent features.
Construction and validation of the employability questionnaire for accounting graduates
Authors: Senan Nabil Ahmed Mareai , Sulphey M.M.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Globally, serious doubts are now expressed about the quality of accounting education, and employers are concerned about the lack of employability among graduates. There is a lack of a validated tool to measure employability in the Saudi Arabia context. Such a tool is required to assess the level of employability so that required corrective measures could be taken. The purpose of the study is to construct and validate a questionnaire to measure employability of accounting graduates.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for the study was collected from various accounting professionals using a pool of 50 items from 420 randomly collected samples. The researchers used different statistical techniques, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to construct and validate the 29 item questionnaire.

Findings

Based on the purpose of the study, a questionnaire for measuring the employability of accounting graduates was constructed. The questionnaire developed and scientifically validated through various scientific techniques has 20 items under five factors. The questionnaire is ideal for measuring employability of accounting graduates.

Originality/value

A fair review of the literature revealed a dearth of a validated tool to measure employability of accounting graduates. The study has constructed and validated a questionnaire to measure employability of accounting graduates, thereby bridging the gap in literature. This questionnaire, it is expected, would facilitate the conduct of further empirical examinations about employability of accounting graduates.
Organizational learning, resilience and psychological empowerment as antecedents of work engagement during COVID-19
Authors: Blaique Lama , Ismail Hussein Nabil , Aldabbas Hazem
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the relationship between organizational learning (OL) and work engagement (WE) in the Middle East region amid the COVID-19 pandemic and to test the mediating role of employee resilience (ER) and psychological empowerment (PE) on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample size was 208 respondents working in the Middle East area during COVID-19. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis with bootstrapping.

Findings

The findings indicate a significant positive impact of OL on WE. Moreover, both constructs – ER and WE – were identified as mediators for this relationship.

Practical implications

Practical implications within this study call for organizations to focus on promoting a learning culture in order to adapt and respond effectively to unprecedented external challenges.

Originality/value

The current study extends previous research and strengthens the antecedents of WE, namely, OL, ER and PE in the Middle East region while controlling for COVID-19 perceptions.
A practical framework for achieving value creation and capture in healthcare through process improvement
Authors: Evans Jane , Leggat Sandra , Samson Danny
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of value in healthcare through a practical appraisal of the applicability of a conceptual framework, which is aimed at supporting the measurement and realisation of financial benefits from process improvement (PI) activities in a hospital setting.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study of a hospital system in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was used to assess the applicability of the framework. The study sought to verify the framework's intention, that PI methods could be used to address known wastes that contribute to the cost of providing healthcare. The case study examines the current approach taken by the hospital to measure and realise financial benefits from PI activities and compares these to the components of the Strategy to Balance Cost and Quality in Health Care framework to assess its applicability in practice.

Findings

The case study revealed that the steps described in the framework were fundamentally in place albeit with some variation. Importantly, the case study identified an additional step that could be added into the framework to support hospitals to better define their portfolio of initiatives to deliver value. The case study also clarified three types of contributory elements that should be in place for the application of the framework to be successful.

Practical implications

The Framework to Achieve Value in Healthcare is offered to hospitals as a model by which they can look to reduce expenditure through the removal of non-value adding activities. The modification to the conceptual framework has arisen from a single case study and would benefit from further testing by other hospitals in other policy settings (i.e. other countries).

Originality/value

This is the first paper to examine and enhance an existing framework to assist hospitals balance cost and quality through PI.
Promise versus reality: a systematic review of the ongoing debates in people analytics
Authors: McCartney Steven , Fu Na
Published: January 2022

Purpose

According to the significant growth of literature and continued adoption of people analytics in practice, it has been promised that people analytics will inform evidence-based decision-making and improve business outcomes. However, existing people analytics literature remains underdeveloped in understanding whether and how such promises have been realized. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the current reality of people analytics and uncover the debates and challenges that are emerging as a result of its adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles focused on people analytics published in the Association of Business School (ABS) ranked journals between 2011 and 2021.

Findings

The review illustrates and critically evaluates several emerging debates and issues faced by people analytics, including inconsistency among the concept and definition of people analytics, people analytics ownership, ethical and privacy concerns of using people analytics, missing evidence of people analytics impact and readiness to perform people analytics.

Practical implications

This review presents a comprehensive research agenda demonstrating the need for collaboration between scholars and practitioners to successfully align the promise and the current reality of people analytics.

Originality/value

This systematic review is distinct from existing reviews in three ways. First, this review synthesizes and critically evaluates the significant growth of peer-reviewed articles focused on people analytics published in ABS ranked journals between 2011 and 2021. Second, the study adopts a thematic analysis and coding process to identify the emerging themes in the existing people analytics literature, ensuring the comprehensiveness of the review. Third, this study focused and expanded upon the debates and issues evolving within the emerging field of people analytics and offers an updated agenda for the future of people analytics research.
The Crown land accounting dilemma in New South Wales local government
Authors: Ivannikov Igor , Dollery Brian , Bayerlein Leopold
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The paper addresses the question of whether Crown land managed by local authorities in the New South Wales (NSW) local government system should be recognised as assets on municipal balance sheets.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides a synoptic review of the literature on accounting for public goods assets followed by a critical analysis of the official requirements of the NSW government on the recognition of Crown land.

Findings

The NSW government holds that Crown land managed by local councils should be recognised as an asset on council books. However, following an assessment of the problem through the analytical prism of financial accounting, it is argued that councils do not possess control over Crown land and that such land should thus not be recognised by councils.

Research limitations/implications

The paper covers the legal and accounting framework applicable to NSW local government. However, it has broader implications for other local government systems with similar institutional and legislative foundations, such as other Australian states, New Zealand and South Africa, and these implications are highlighted in the paper.

Practical implications

It is argued that NSW government policymakers should re-consider the requirement for Crown land to be recognised on councils' books. Local authorities would then be able to save money and time on external auditing, management of land asset registers and the mandatory valuation of land.

Originality/value

Although Crown land shares some of the characteristics of other public good assets, unique accounting challenges arise due to the existence of a market in which such land could be traded not by councils, but by its legal owner (the Crown). In financial accounting, legal ownership is not considered as the main criterion over assets. However, the authors argue that for Crown land vested with councils, it becomes a critical factor in decision making.
Student entrepreneurship ecosystems at Australian higher education institutions
Authors: Maritz Alex , Nguyen Quan , Ivanov Sergey
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Despite the significance, university student start-ups and student entrepreneurship ecosystems (SEEs) have been subject to little research. This study aims to apply a qualitative emergent enquiry approach to explore best practice SEEs in Australia, complimented by narratives from leading scholars in higher education institutions with the aim of delineating the integrative components of SEEs.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting the entrepreneurial ecosystem framework and aligned to the social cognitive theory, this paper explores the components and dynamics of SEEs, contributing to an understanding of how such components can better support the growth, sustainability and success of student start-ups. The authors extend entrepreneurship research on social construction using narrative research.

Findings

The findings provide guidelines for researchers, entrepreneurship scholars and educators, entrepreneurship students, policymakers and practitioners to enhance the impact and success of university student start-ups by adopting a student ecosystem approach.

Research limitations/implications

The narratives represent a limited number of universities with an opportunity for further research to empirically measure the impact and outcomes of SEEs. The research is exploratory, inherently conceptual and emergent, providing an opportunity for validation of narrative frameworks in future studies.

Practical implications

The findings may assist university managers to be more aware of their own subconscious preferences to student entrepreneurship and start-up initiatives, which may be useful in refining their impact and offerings regarding a quest toward the entrepreneurial university.

Social implications

From social perspectives, the alignment of the components of SEE has the ability to enhance and shift the entrepreneurial mindset of entrepreneurship students, notwithstanding enhancement of intentionality and self-efficacy.

Originality/value

This is the first study of SEEs in Australia, highlighting the importance of the integration of entrepreneurship education programs, entrepreneurship education ecosystems, the entrepreneurial university and specific start-up initiatives such as university accelerators. Furthermore, students may enhance their entrepreneurial mindset by actively engaging in such ecosystems.
How does cloud computing help businesses to manage big data issues
Authors: Latifian Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Big data has posed problems for businesses, the Information Technology (IT) sector and the science community. The problems posed by big data can be effectively addressed using cloud computing and associated distributed computing technology. Cloud computing and big data are two significant past-year problems that allow high-efficiency and competitive computing tools to be delivered as IT services. The paper aims to examine the role of the cloud as a tool for managing big data in various aspects to help businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper delivers solutions in the cloud for storing, compressing, analyzing and processing big data. Hence, articles were divided into four categories: articles on big data storage, articles on big data processing, articles on analyzing and finally, articles on data compression in cloud computing. This article is based on a systematic literature review. Also, it is based on a review of 19 published papers on big data.

Findings

From the results, it can be inferred that cloud computing technology has features that can be useful for big data management. Challenging issues are raised in each section. For example, in storing big data, privacy and security issues are challenging.

Research limitations/implications

There were limitations to this systematic review. The first limitation is that only English articles were reviewed. Also, articles that matched the keywords were used. Finally, in this review, authoritative articles were reviewed, and slides and tutorials were avoided.

Practical implications

The research presents new insight into the business value of cloud computing in interfirm collaborations.

Originality/value

Previous research has often examined other aspects of big data in the cloud. This article takes a new approach to the subject. It allows big data researchers to comprehend the various aspects of big data management in the cloud. In addition, setting an agenda for future research saves time and effort for readers searching for topics within big data.
Normative practices of property rating in Ghana: towards improving policy on rating undeveloped urban lands in secondary cities
Authors: Alhassan Tahiru , Biitir Samuel Banleman , Derbile Emmanuel Kanchebe
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The paper examined how local authorities have attempted to rate undeveloped land as a means of mobilising revenues and the challenges associated with implementing this policy guideline. It focused on current practices in terms of policy and administration, the availability of undeveloped urban land, its revenue potential, and ways to improve policy for local land taxation.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the mixed-method approach both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Officials of the Wa Municipal Assembly, Lands Commission, Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority were purposely selected based on their knowledge and the roles they play in property rating practice. They were interviewed to understand their perceptions and views on rating undeveloped lands. Stratified proportionate and simple random sampling methods were used to select respondents. The respondents included land and landed property owners in three selected neighbourhoods.

Findings

The paper found that there was the prevalence of undeveloped lands mainly held by speculators and individuals constrained by financial challenges to develop their parcels. The Wa Municipal Assembly is unable to implement the policy guideline on charging rent on undeveloped lands due to lack of adequate information and generally unwillingness to implement this provision. Besides, the current guideline is too prohibitive and cannot be implemented in its current form. However, there is a window of opportunity for the Assembly to build data on undeveloped lands and moderately begin the implementation of the policy guideline.

Practical implications

Urban growth in Ghana is characterised by leapfrog development with many patches of undeveloped land in and around cities. The property taxation policies largely do not focus on undeveloped land or unimproved site value. In Ghana, property rate policy on the tax base excludes undeveloped land. However, government policy guidelines prescribe the charging of rent on these lands by local authorities. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion on the revenue potential of undeveloped urban land and why local government authorities have not been able to harness this potential. The paper has therefore recommended ways local authorities can use to mobilise revenue from undeveloped urban land.

Originality/value

There is limited research in rating undeveloped urban land especially looking at it from the perspective of policy and implementation as well as current practices. The paper shed light on the prevalence of undeveloped urban land and the guidelines that exist help local governments mobilise revenue from these lands. It contributes to the understanding that local government can harness the revenue potential of undeveloped land if policy design and implemented regarding these lands is enhanced. The paper also provides a good background and framework for further studies.
A review of a recommendation filtering system approach based on reliable sustainable opinion mining
Authors: Gmach Imen , Abaoub Nadia , Khan Rubina , Mahfoudh Naoufel , Kaddour Amira
Published: January 2022

Purpose

In this article the authors will focus on the state of the art on information filtering and recommender systems based on trust. Then the authors will represent a variety of filtering and recommendation techniques studied in different literature, like basic content filtering, collaborative filtering and hybrid filtering. The authors will also examine different trust-based recommendation algorithms. It will ends with a summary of the different existing approaches and it develops the link between trust, sustainability and recommender systems.

Design/methodology/approach

Methodology of this study will begin with a general introduction to the different approaches of recommendation systems; then define trust and its relationship with recommender systems. At the end the authors will present their approach to “trust-based recommendation systems”.

Findings

The purpose of this study is to understand how groups of users could improve trust in a recommendation system. The authors will examine how to evaluate the performance of recommender systems to ensure their ability to meet the needs that led to its creation and to make the system sustainable with respect to the information. The authors know very well that selecting a measure must depend on the type of data to be processed and user interests. Since the recommendation domain is derived from information search paradigms, it is obvious to use the evaluation measures of information systems.

Originality/value

The authors presented a list of recommendations systems. They examined and compared several recommendation approaches. The authors then analyzed the dominance of collaborative filtering in the field and the emergence of Recommender Systems in social web. Then the authors presented and analyzed different trust algorithms. Finally, their proposal was to measure the impact of trust in recommendation systems.
Chinese consensus on prevention of colorectal neoplasia (2021, Shanghai)
Authors:   Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medical Association
Published: January 2022

Most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were diagnosed in advanced stage and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, early detection and prevention of CRC are very important. As with other cancers, there is also the tertiary prevention for CRC. The primary prevention is etiological prevention, which is mainly the treatment of adenoma or inflammation for preventing the development into cancer. The secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and early treatment for avoiding progressing to advanced cancer. The tertiary prevention belongs to the broad category of prevention, mainly for advanced CRC, through surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy for preventing tumor recurrence or metastasis. This consensus is based on the recent domestic and international consensus guidelines and the latest progress of international researches in the past five years. This consensus opinion seminar was hosted by the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology and Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, and was organized by the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology & Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The consensus opinion contains 60 statement clauses, the standard and basis of the evidence‐based medicine grade and voting grade of the statement strictly complied with the relevant international regulations and practice.
Identification and characterization of a novel GNAT superfamily Nα‐acetyltransferase from Salinicoccus halodurans H3B36
Authors: Ma Xiaochen , Jiang Kai , Zhou Cheng , Xue Yanfen , Ma Yanhe
Published: January 2022

Nα‐acetyl‐α‐lysine was found as a new type of compatible solutes that acted as an organic cytoprotectant in the strain of Salinicoccus halodurans H3B36. A novel lysine Nα‐acetyltransferase gene (shkat), encoding an enzyme that catalysed the acetylation of lysine exclusively at α position, was identified from this moderate halophilic strain and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis indicated ShKAT contained a highly conserved pyrophosphate‐binding loop (Arg‐Gly‐Asn‐Gly‐Asn‐Gly), which was a signature of the GNAT superfamily. ShKAT exclusively recognized free amino acids as substrate, including lysine and other basic amino acids. The enzyme showed a wide range of optimal pH value and was tolerant to high‐alkali and high‐salinity conditions. As a new member of the GNAT superfamily, the ShKAT was the first enzyme recognized free lysine as substrate. We believe this work gives an expanded perspective of the GNAT superfamily, and reveals great potential of the shkat gene to be applied in genetic engineering for resisting extreme conditions.
A difference‐in‐difference approach to examining the impact of cannabis legalization on disparities in the use of cigarettes and cannabis in the United States, 2004–17
Authors: Weinberger Andrea H. , Wyka Katarzyna , Kim June H. , Smart Rosanna , Mangold Michael , Schanzer Ellen , Wu Melody , Goodwin Renee D.
Published: January 2022

Aims

To estimate the impact of recreational and medical cannabis laws (RCL, MCL) on the use of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.

Design

A difference‐in‐difference approach was applied to data from the 2004–17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

Setting

United States.

Participants

Nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of Americans aged 12 years and older (combined analytical sample for 2004–17, n = 783 663).

Measurements

Data on past‐month use of (1) cigarettes and (2) cannabis were used to classify respondents into four groups: cigarette and cannabis co‐use, cigarette‐only use, cannabis‐only use or no cigarette or cannabis use. State of residence was measured by self‐report. MCL/RCL status came from state government websites.

Findings

Difference‐in‐difference analyses suggest that MCL was associated with an increase in cigarette–cannabis co‐use overall [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.16], with the greatest increases among those aged 50 years and above (aOR = 1.60; CI = 1.39–1.84), married (aOR = 1.19; CI = 1.07–1.31), non‐Hispanic (NH) black (aOR = 1.14; CI = 1.02–1.07) and with a college degree or above (aOR = 1.15; CI = 1.06–1.24). MCL was associated with increases in cigarette‐only use among those aged 50 years and above (aOR = 1.07; CI = 1.01–1.14) and NH black (aOR = 1.16; CI = 1.06–1.27) and increases in cannabis‐only use among those aged 50 years and above (aOR = 1.24; CI = 1.07–1.44) and widowed/divorced/separated (aOR = 1.18; CI = 1.01–1.37). RCL was associated with an increase in cannabis‐only use overall (aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09–1.34), a decline in cigarette‐only use overall (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81–0.97) and increases in co‐use among those who were married (aOR = 1.24; CI = 1.02–1.50) and aged 50 years and above (aOR = 1.37; CI = 1.03–1.84).

Conclusions

Recreational and medical cannabis legalization have had a varying impact on the use, and co‐use, of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.
Planning a Change Easily (PACE) for smokers who are not ready to quit: a telephone‐based, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Derefinko Karen J. , Bursac Zoran , Hand Sarah B. , Ebbert Jon O. , Womack Catherine , Klesges Robert C.
Published: January 2022

Aims

To compare brief advice (BA), motivational interviewing (MI), rate reduction (RR), and combined MI and RR (MI + RR) to promote smoking cessation in smokers not ready to quit.

Design

Randomized controlled trial with four parallel groups of smoking cessation intervention. Participants were randomly assigned 1:2:2:2 to receive one of the following interventions: BA (n = 128), MI (n = 258), RR (n = 257), and MI + RR (n = 260).

Setting

The United States. All participant contact occurred over the telephone to be consistent with the typical quit line format.

Participants

A total of 903 adult smokers. Participants had a mean age of 49 (SD = 13.3) years and were 28.9% male and 63.3% Caucasian.

Interventions

The BA group received advice similar to typical smoking cessation quit lines. The MI group received advice using basic MI principles to elicit language that indicates behavioral change. The RR group received behavioral skills training and nicotine gum. The MI + RR group combined elements of MI and RR conditions. All interventions were six sessions.

Measurements

The primary outcome measure was self‐reported point prevalence at 12 months. The secondary outcome was self‐reported prolonged abstinence at 12 months.

Findings

Intention to treat (ITT) point prevalence at 12 months indicated that BA (10.9%) had significantly lower point prevalence rates than RR (27.2%, OR = 3.17, 1.69–5.94), and MI + RR (26.9%, OR = 3.16, 1.68–5.93). BA did not have a significantly lower point prevalence rate than MI (15.5%, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.81–3.02).

Conclusions

This randomized controlled trial provided evidence that rate reduction, which offers structured behavioral skills and nicotine gum, either alone or combined with motivational interviewing, is the most effective form of cessation intervention for smokers not ready to quit.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of arterial embolization compared with traditional management on outcomes of traumatic massive facial haemorrhage
Authors: Stallwood‐Hall Catrin , Anderson Jordan , Ebeid Annelize
Published: January 2022

Background

Maxillofacial trauma accounts for ~10% of trauma presentations to most centres, with massive haemorrhage occurring in 1.2–4.5% of cases. Despite its infrequent presentation, there is significant associated morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is playing an increasingly prominent role in trauma presentations. The aim of this article was to compare outcomes of TAE with more traditional management methods for the treatment of massive facial haemorrhage following maxillofacial trauma.

Methods

A database and Google Scholar search was performed, with articles discussing massive facial haemorrhage secondary to maxillofacial trauma and its management included.

Results

Twenty‐seven articles were found that met inclusion criteria, encompassing 384 patients. Statistical testing comparing mortality between TAE and non‐TAE groups did not find a significant difference, with a mortality rate of 30.2% in the TAE group and 38.9% in the non‐TAE group. Assessment of morbidity directly related to interventions was difficult, as many of the included participants had significant associated injuries which contributed an indeterminate degree to morbidity. There was a 10% rate of adverse events associated with TAE, most commonly puncture site haematomas and soft tissue swelling, with more significant adverse events including cerebrovascular accidents and blindness.

Conclusion

Embolization was correlated with increased rates of haemorrhage control when compared with other interventions. Overall, despite no significant impact on mortality, embolization is recommended in the management of massive haemorrhage following maxillofacial trauma due to improved success rates at haemorrhage control and a low rate of significant adverse events.
Aerobic‐interval exercise with blood flow restriction potentiates early markers of metabolic health in man
Authors: Christiansen Danny , Bishop David J.
Published: January 2022

Aim

This study examined whether aerobic‐interval exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) potentiates early markers of metabolic health compared to exercise with systemic hypoxia or normoxia in man.

Methods

In a randomized‐crossover fashion, eight healthy men completed nine 2‐minute running bouts at 105% of their lactate threshold on three occasions separated by one week, either with BFR (BFR‐trial), systemic hypoxia (HYP‐trial) or normoxia (control; CON‐trial). Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the muscle level of hypoxia. A muscle biopsy was collected at rest and 3 hours after exercise to quantify genes involved in cholesterol synthesis (PGC‐1α2), glucose disposal (GLUT4) and capillary growth (HIF‐1α; VEGFA), as well as mitochondrial respiration (PGC‐1α2/3), uncoupling (UCP3) and expansion (p53; COXIV‐1/2; CS; AMPKα1/2).

Results

The muscle level of hypoxia was matched between the BFR‐trial and HYP‐trial (~90%; P > .05), which was greater than the CON‐trial (~70%; P < .05). PGC‐1α2 increased most in the BFR‐trial (16‐fold vs CON‐trial; 11‐fold vs HYP‐trial; P < .05). GLUT4 and VEGFA selectively increased by 2.0 and 3.4‐fold, respectively in BFR‐trial (P < .05), which was greater than CON‐trial (1.2 and 1.3 fold) and HYP‐trial (1.2 and 1.8 fold; P < .05). UCP3 increased more in BFR‐trial than the HYP‐trial (4.3 vs 1.6 fold), but was not different between BFR‐trial and CON‐trial (2.1 fold) or between CON‐trial and HYP‐trial (P > .05). No trial differences were evident for other genes (P > .05).

Conclusion

Independent of the muscle level of hypoxia, BFR‐exercise potentiates early markers of metabolic health associated with the regulation of cholesterol production and glucose homeostasis in man.
Assessing mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibres and biomarkers for mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Kuang Jujiao , Saner Nicholas J. , Botella Javier , Lee Matthew J.‐C. , Granata Cesare , Wang Zhenhuan , Yan Xu , Li Jia , Genders Amanda J. , Bishop David J.
Published: January 2022

Aim

Assessments of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content are common in skeletal muscle research and exercise science. However, many sources of technical and biological variation render these analyses susceptible to error. This study aimed to better quantify the reliability of different experimental designs and/or techniques so as to assist researchers to obtain more reliable data.

Methods

We examined the repeatability of maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in permeabilized muscle fibres via high‐resolution respirometry, and citrate synthase activity (a biomarker for mitochondrial content) in a microplate with spectrophotometery.

Results

For mitochondrial respiration using permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres, the variability was reduced using three chambers and removing outliers compared to two chambers (CV reduced from 12.7% to 11.0%), and the minimal change that can be detected with 10 participants reduced from 17% to 13% according to modelling. For citrate synthase activity, the within‐plate CV (3.5%) increased when the assay was repeated after 4 hours (CV = 10.2%) and 4 weeks (CV = 30.5%). The readings were correlated, but significantly different after 4 hours and 4 weeks.

Conclusion

This research provides evidence for important technical considerations when measuring mitochondrial respiration and content using citrate synthase activity as a biomarker. When assessing mitochondrial respiration in human skeletal muscle, the technical variability of high‐resolution respirometry can be reduced by increasing technical repeats and excluding outliers, practices which are not currently common. When analysing citrate synthase activity, our results highlight the importance of analysing all samples from the same study at the same time.
ID2 controls differentiation of enteroendocrine cells in mouse small intestine
Authors: Zinina Valeriya V. , Ruehle Frank , Winkler Patricia , Rebmann Lisa , Lukas Hanna , Möckel Stefanie , Diefenbach Andreas , Mendez‐Lago Maria , Soshnikova Natalia
Published: January 2022

Aims

The mammalian gut is the largest endocrine organ. Dozens of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells regulate a variety of physiological functions of the gut but also of the pancreas and brain. Here, we examined the role of the helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor ID2 during the differentiation of intestinal stem cells along the enteroendocrine lineage.

Methods

To assess the functions of ID2 in the adult mouse small intestine, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing, genetically modified mice, and organoid assays.

Results

We found that in the adult intestinal epithelium Id2 is predominantly expressed in enterochromaffin and peptidergic enteroendocrine cells. Consistently, the loss of Id2 leads to the reduction of Chromogranin A‐positive enteroendocrine cells. In contrast, the numbers of tuft cells are increased in Id2 mutant small intestine. Moreover, ablation of Id2 elevates the numbers of Serotonin+ enterochromaffin cells and Ghrelin+ X‐cells in the posterior part of the small intestine. Finally, ID2 acts downstream of BMP signalling during the differentiation of Glucagon‐like peptide‐1+ L‐cells and Cholecystokinin+ I‐cells towards Neurotensin+ PYY+ N‐cells.

Conclusion

ID2 plays an important role in cell fate decisions in the adult small intestine. First, ID2 is essential for establishing a differentiation gradient for enterochromaffin and X‐cells along the anterior‐posterior axis of the gut. Next, ID2 is necessary for the differentiation of N‐cells thus ensuring a differentiation gradient along the crypt‐villi axis. Finally, ID2 suppresses the commitment of secretory intestinal epithelial progenitors towards tuft cell lineage and thus controls host immune response to commensal and parasitic microbiota.
Blue ears: a clue to diagnosis of alkaptonuria identified via telemedicine consultation
Authors: Altemir Arcadi , Bara Javier , Setó-Torrent Núria , Salleras-Redonnet Montse , Morales Montserrat
Published: January 2022

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with wide systemic involvement including pigment deposition. We present an unusual case diagnosed by an image obtained via telemedicine showing pigment deposition in the earlobe. We highlight how this clue may allow prompt diagnosis of alkaptonuria and prevent disease progression.

Click https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/#/online-courses/5da3bb51-40d1-4d42-9c4b-610d68106e25 for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Effects of parental migration on Chinese children's mental health: mediating roles of social support from different sources
Authors: Fu Yao , Zhou Xiaochen
Published: January 2022

Despite the literature on children's mental health in the context of migration is expanding, little is known about the mechanism by which parental migration may affect children's mental health. This study investigated which sources of social support may mediate the effects of parental migration. Using a multistage probability strategy to obtain a representative sample of school‐aged children in Western China, the sample included 1892 respondents. Ordinary least squares regressions were applied to estimate the associations between caregiving arrangements/the length of parental migration and children's mental health. The mediating effects of social support in the above‐mentioned relationships were examined using the product‐of‐coefficient method with bootstrapping resampling. Leaving children alone with no caregiver significantly increased children's risk of being depressed. Compared with those with non‐migrant parents, children whose parents had migrated one to 5 years were less likely to have flourishing mental health. Social support from the family, teachers and peers all served as mediators between parental migration and children's mental health but showed different mediating mechanisms. The results highlighted significant variations in left‐behind children's mental health caused by distinct left‐behind experiences and levels of support. The findings provide implications for designing social service programs in family and school settings.
The relationship between perceptions of shared decision‐making and patient‐reported outcomes in a cross‐sectional cohort of haemorrhoidectomy patients
Authors: Merali Khalil , Karimuddin Ahmer , Crump Trafford , Brown Carl , Phang Terry , Raval Manoj , Liu Guiping , Sutherland Jason M.
Published: January 2022

Aim

Shared decision‐making between patients and clinicians is important to surgical practice and patients' perceptions of their healthcare experience. This study aims to measure associations between patients' perceptions of their shared decision‐making (SDM) process and health‐related quality of life among a cohort of patients choosing surgical management of an elective surgical procedure, haemorrhoidectomy.

Methods

This study is a single‐site study based in Vancouver, Canada. Consecutive patients of five colorectal surgeons registered for elective haemorrhoidectomy between September 2016 and June 2020 were eligible to participate. Participants completed the CollaboRATE instrument which measures patients' perceptions of their SDM after the surgical consultation, along with a number of other patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

The participation rate was 45.3%, with 157 patients scheduled for haemorrhoidectomy providing complete information. Unadjusted results found that participants having the most comorbidities reported better communication with their surgeon. The adjusted results show that socioeconomic status and depression were associated with lower CollaboRATE scores. There was no effect of sex, pain interference, anxiety or perceived health status on participants’ CollaboRATE scores.

Conclusion

This study found evidence that participants with lower economic status or those reporting depressive symptoms had worse perceptions of their SDM process with their surgeon. These findings suggest that special attention should be paid to the surgical decision‐making process for these patient populations.
Dulaglutide and incident atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis from the REWIND randomized trial
Authors: Raubenheimer Peter J. , Cushman William C. , Avezum Alvaro , Basile Jan , Conget Ignacio , Dagenais Gilles , Hoover Anastasia , Jansky Petr , Lanas Fernando , Leiter Lawrence A. , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio , Pogosova Nana , Probstfield Jeffrey , Rao‐Melacini Purnima , Rydén Lars , Sheu Wayne H.‐H. , Temelkova‐Kurktschiev Theodora , C. Gerstein Hertzel
Published: January 2022

Aim

To assess the occurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (atrial arrhythmias [AA]) in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with once‐weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide versus placebo.

Materials and Methods

Patients without electrocardiographic (ECG)‐confirmed AA at baseline and randomized in the REWIND trial were assessed for the development of AA based on an annual ECG. Additional analyses included whether dulaglutide compared with placebo reduced the composite outcome of AA or death, AA or cardiovascular death, AA or stroke and AA or heart failure.

Results

Among 9543 participants (mean age 66 ± 7 years, with cardiovascular risk factors and 31% with previous cardiovascular disease) without AA at entry in the trial, 524 patients (5.5%) had at least one episode of AA during the median 5.4 years of follow‐up. Incident AA occurred in 269 of the 4769 participants allocated to dulaglutide (5.6%), at a rate of 10.7 per 1000 person‐years, versus 255 of the 4774 allocated to placebo (5.3%), at a rate of 10.5 per 1000 person‐years (P = .59). There was also no effect of dulaglutide on the composite outcome of AA and death or AA and heart failure.

Conclusion

This post hoc analysis of data from the REWIND trial showed that treatment with dulaglutide was not associated with a reduced incidence of AA in this at‐risk group of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Understanding the clinical implications of differences between glucose management indicator and glycated haemoglobin
Authors: Gomez‐Peralta Fernando , Choudhary Pratik , Cosson Emmanuel , Irace Concetta , Rami‐Merhar Birgit , Seibold Alexander
Published: January 2022

Laboratory measured glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in people with diabetes and correlates with their risk of long‐term complications. The emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has highlighted limitations of HbA1c testing. HbA1c can only be reviewed infrequently and can mask the risk of hypoglycaemia or extreme glucose fluctuations. While CGM provides insights in to the risk of hypoglycaemia as well as daily fluctuations of glucose, it can also be used to calculate an estimated HbA1c that has been used as a substitute for laboratory HbA1c. However, it is evident that estimated HbA1c and HbA1c values can differ widely. The glucose management indicator (GMI), calculated exclusively from CGM data, has been proposed. It uses the same scale (% or mmol/mol) as HbA1c, but is based on short‐term average glucose values, rather than long‐term glucose exposure. HbA1c and GMI values differ in up to 81% of individuals by more than ±0.1% and by more than ±0.3% in 51% of cases. Here, we review the factors that define these differences, such as the time period being assessed, the variation in glycation rates and factors such as anaemia and haemoglobinopathies. Recognizing and understanding the factors that cause differences between HbA1c and GMI is an important clinical skill. In circumstances when HbA1c is elevated above GMI, further attempts at intensification of therapy based solely on the HbA1c value may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. The observed difference between GMI and HbA1c also informs the important question about the predictive ability of GMI regarding long‐term complications.