bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K Dosing to Reverse Warfarin Based on INR, Route of Administration, and Home Warfarin Dose in the Acute/Critical Care Setting
Authors: Tsu Laura V , Dienes J Erin , Dager William E
Published: December 2012

Background:

Vitamin K is commonly used for reversal of anticoagulation of warfarin. However, the optimal dose and route of vitamin K that does not increase the duration of bridging therapy is unknown.

Objective:

To determine factors influencing the extent and rate of INR reversal with vitamin K in the acute/critical care setting.

Methods:

This was a chart review of 400 patients who received vitamin K for reversal of warfarin effects between February 2008 and November 2010. Data collected included international normalized ratios (INRs) 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours prior to vitamin K administration; intravenous or oral vitamin K dose; and whether or not fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered.

Results:

Intravenous vitamin K reduced INR more rapidly than oral vitamin K (5.09, 1.91, 1.54, and 1.41 vs 5.67, 2.90, 2.14, and 1.58) at baseline, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The dose of vitamin K (p < 0.001), route of administration (p < 0.001), and baseline INR (p < 0.001) influenced subsequent INR values. The INR reduction was similar for intravenous vitamin K doses 2 mg or greater. Home warfarin dose did not affect INR responses to intravenous (p = 0.27) or oral vitamin K (p = 0.98). FFP did not influence INR values at 48 hours. Although longer anticoagulation bridge therapy seemed to be associated with higher vitamin K doses, the incidence (p = 0.63) and duration (p = 0.61) were not significant.

Conclusions:

Vitamin K dose, route, and initial INR influence subsequent INR values. INR reduction is similar for intravenous vitamin K doses of 2 mg or greater. Preadministration of FFP does not alter INR values at 48 hours or more after vitamin K administration.
Cultural Distance and Bilateral Trade
Authors: Cyrus Teresa L.
Published: December 2012

This paper examines the extent to which cultural proximity influences, and is influenced by, bilateral trade flows. Variables measuring common language or religion, commonly considered to be measures of cultural proximity, have been found to be highly significant in explaining the volume of trade between countries, but these measures have the distinct disadvantage of being static; they do not change over time. In fact, however, culture does change, possibly in response to exposure to the foreign goods, methods, and ideas brought across borders by trade; the cultural "distance" between two countries can therefore be seen to fall or rise over time. In this paper, responses to World Values Survey questions regarding trust, respect, control, and obedience are used to create a measure of cultural distance. I use this cultural distance variable in gravity regressions and show that more culturally-distant countries trade less, but that more traditional measures of culture are more significant in explaining trade. I then explore the determinants of cultural distance, finding that exports reduce cultural distance.
Effects of Preparation Approaches and Oxidizing agents on the Yield, Morphology and Thermal stability of Polyaniline
Authors: Mahmood Wan Ahmad Kamil , Rahman Khan Mohammad Mizanur , Yeow Yeap Guan , Wee Yee Keat
Published: December 2012

Evidence of the control of yield and different morphological features of polyaniline (PANI), along with their higher thermal stability is reported. The syntheses were performed by varying the reaction time from 2 to 6 hours for three different methods using three different oxidizing agents. The freshly prepared PANI was investigated by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymer yield was increased with the increasing of reaction time from 2 to 6 h for all oxidants in the synthesis approaches; while the reverse trend was observed for KPS in rapid mixing polymerization and mechanical stirring methods. The highest yield was obtained for 6 h reaction time using APS through mechanical stirring method. FESEM analysis showed the growth of regular and uniform PANI nanoparticles, along with the prevention of secondary growth and agglomeration of primary nanofibers using all three oxidizing agents for sonochemistry and rapid mixing polymerization method, except H2O2 in the case of later technique. However, irregular and agglomerated PANI was found for all oxidants in mechanical stirring method. TGA data showed that PANI synthesized by mechanical stirring method is thermally more stable than those prepared by sonochemistry and rapid mixing polymerization.
Examining Factors Contributing to the Development of FEMA-Approved Hazard Mitigation Plans
Authors: Yoon D.K. , Youngs George A. , Abe Daiko
Published: December 2012

The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires local governments to complete pre-disaster mitigation plans, approved by FEMA, in order to be eligible for certain types of federal funding. Even with this requirement in place, many local jurisdictions in the U.S. have yet to adopt a FEMA-approved multi-hazard mitigation plan. Consequently, the percentage of a state’s population covered by such plans varies substantially from state to state. This study examined staff resources, financial resources, and disaster experience of local governments by state as factors contributing to the development of FEMA-Approved Hazard Mitigation Plans. Indicators of these measures were gleaned from multiple nationwide data sets and each measure’s relative importance was assessed via multiple regression analysis. Two measures of staff resources failed to affect the likelihood of completing approved hazard mitigation plans, while one measure of financial resources (Pre-Disaster Mitigation planning dollars per capita by state) and one measure of disaster experience (number of Presidential Disaster Declaration incidents per capita by state) had significant effects on the percentage of a state’s population covered by approved plans. Implications for promoting the development of local governments’ hazard mitigation plans are discussed.
The Impact of Inheritances on Heirs' Labor and Capital Income
Authors: Elinder Mikael , Erixson Oscar , Ohlsson Henry
Published: December 2012

The objective of this paper is to study when and how much labor and capital income of heirs respond to inheritances. We estimate fixed effects models following direct heirs, inheriting in 2004, during the years 2000--2008 using Swedish panel data. Our first main result is that the more the heir inherits, the lower her labor income becomes. This labor income effect appears in the years after the heir had inherited and is stronger for old heirs than for young heirs. We also find evidence of anticipation effects that occur before the actual transfer. Our second main result is that the more the heir inherits, the higher her capital income becomes. This effect only appears in the years after receiving the inheritance. It seems to be dissipating after a couple of years.
Least-Developed Countries, Climate Change and Trade
Authors: Irish Maureen F.
Published: December 2012

In current negotiations on both climate change and international trade, there is debate over the obligations of developing countries. The author argues that whatever the outcome of those general discussions, special status must be carefully retained for the protection of the least-developed countries in the intersection of trade and climate change policies. The paper examines the position of LDCs on three trade-related topics: environmental goods and services, border adjustments, GSP tariff preferences.
Introduction
Authors: Lee Yong-Shik
Published: December 2012

Introduction to 2012 LDR Special Issue (No. 2). The second Law and Development Review (LDR) special issue this year features articles presented in the second part of the 2011 Law and Development Institute Conference held in Seattle, USA.
The Costs and Benefits of Intensive Forest Management
Authors: Brännlund Runar , Carlén Ola , Lundgren Tommy , Marklund Per-Olov
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an approach for studying the socio-economic benefits and costs (CBA) of the introduction of intensified management measures in forestry. Besides from valuation of changes in timber production, assessments of different types of externalities are included in the assessment. The model is exemplified with the use of data from a Swedish governmental study undertaken in 2009 which present impacts on the Swedish forest sector if intensified management measures are applied on environmentally low-valued land and abandoned agricultural lands. The CBA shows that intensified management measures typically are private financially profitable. If these measures also become profitable from the society’s point of view depend on the size of the external effects including carbon balance.
Novel cellulose-based composites based on nanofibrillated plant and bacterial cellulose: recent advances at the University of Aveiro – a review
Authors: Freire Carmen S.R. , Fernandes Susana C.M. , Silvestre Armando J.D. , Pascoal Neto Carlos
Published: December 2012

The development of (nano)materials based on the renewable cellulose is a challenge. The present article provides a brief overview of the recent research efforts carried out at the CICECO Laboratory of the University of Aveiro on the development of novel composites based on nanofibrillated plant and bacterial cellulose embedded in natural and synthetic polymeric matrices such as poly(lactic acid), chitosan, starch, and pullulan. These materials have high potential for applications in packaging, paper coating, organic electronics, and biomedical products and devices.
Effects of Different Heat Treatment Conditions on Fatigue Behavior of AA7075 Alloy
Authors: Fakioglu Avni , Özyürek Dursun , Yilmaz Ramazan
Published: December 2012

In this study, the effect of different heat treatment processes applied to AA7075 alloys on the fatigue behavior was examined. The processes applied to AA7075 aluminum included annealing (O), high temperature pre-precipitating (HTPP), artificial aging (T6), retrogression and re-aging (RRA). The annealing heat treatment was performed for 2 hours at 500°C and samples were cooled in the furnace. In the artificial aging (T6) process, after the samples were solution treated for 2 hours at 500°C, they were quenched at room temperature and aged for 24 hours at 120°C. In the retrogression and re-aging process, samples were solution treated for 1 hour at 220°C after the T6 process and then re-aged for 24 hours at 120°C. In the high temperature pre-precipitating, pre-precipitates were formed for 30 minutes at 450°C and then, it was aged for 24 hours at 120°C. All samples were characterized through the scanning electron microscope (SEM + EDS), hardness measurements and X-ray difraction (XRD) techniques. At the end of experimental studies, SEM and EDS examinations XRD results revealed that η (MgZn2) phase formed in the microstructure following the HTTP, RRA and T6 heat treatment processes. As a result of the fatigue tests, the highest fatigue strength was measured in samples treated with artificial aging (T6), the lowest fatigue strength was measured in the annealed (O) samples.
Tobacco consumption among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Delhi
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Vijay Garima , Jnaneshwar Avinash , Nagpal Ruchi , Pruthi Nidhi
Published: December 2012

Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of tobacco use and its cessation among children in schools of Delhi.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 1094 schoolchildren (577 boys and 517 girls), 12–15 years old, was conducted using the modified Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied (p<0.05).

Results: Among these, 132 boys (22.87%) and 120 girls (23.21%) were smokers. “Ever smokers” were 13.80% and “current smokers” were 9.23%, whereas 76.97% were “never smokers”.

Conclusion: Interventions that raise awareness at a young age, equip students to overcome peer influence, and provide counseling to quit using tobacco need to be designed.
Repeated neuroendoscopic palliative surgery in elderly patients with predominantly cystic craniopharyngioma in the third ventricle: three case reports
Authors: Sato Kimitoshi , Oka Hidehiro , Utsuki Satoshi , Fujii Kiyotaka
Published: December 2012

Objective: The management of craniopharyngioma in the elderly remains controversial. We sought to better characterize the outcomes of elderly patients treated with neuroendoscopic palliative surgery (NPS).

Methods: We report the cases of three patients older than 80 years, whose cystic craniopharyngioma was treated by repeated NPS.

Results: One male and two female patients, ranging in age from 80 to 83 years (mean=81.3 years) had predominantly cystic lesions in the third ventricle and a suprasellar enhanced mass. Two patients underwent two NPS procedures and the other received three. The operating time ranged from 40 to 140 min (mean=93.4 min), and the interval between operations ranged from 2 to 24 months (mean=11.3 months). The length of postoperative hospitalization ranged from 4 to 28 days (mean=11.1 days). There were no perioperative complications, and all patients experienced symptom improvement immediately after the operation.

Conclusion: Repeated NPS can be an effective alternative treatment for cystic craniopharyngioma in the third ventricle, especially in elderly patients.
Zwei Auffassungen von Sprache
Authors: Hacker Peter M. S.
Published: December 2012

Two conceptions of language have dominated philosophical reflection over the last century on the nature of language and linguistic understanding. The first is the calculus conception, advanced in various forms by Frege, Russell, the early Wittgenstein, Carnap, Dummett and Davidson. The second is the anthropological conception of language advanced in various forms by the later Wittgenstein, Strawson, and Grice. The purpose of the paper is to compare and contrast the two conceptions. The calculus conception assigns priority to the notions of truth and truth-condition, and to the assertoric mode. The anthropological conception assigns priority to use, meaning and explanations of meaning, and is indifferent to mode. The disagreements between the two conceptions are explored, and the further consequences of each conception are described.
Clay Caterpillar Whodunit: A Customizable Method for Studying Predator–Prey Interactions in the Field
Authors: Curtis Rachel , Klemens Jeffrey A. , Agosta Salvatore J. , Bartlow Andrew W. , Wood Steve , Carlson Jason A. , Stratford Jeffrey A. , Steele Michael A.
Published: December 2012

Predator–prey dynamics are an important concept in ecology, often serving as an introduction to the field of community ecology. However, these dynamics are difficult for students to observe directly. We describe a methodology that employs model caterpillars made of clay to estimate rates of predator attack on a prey species. This approach can be implemented as a field laboratory in almost any natural or seminatural setting, and is designed to allow educators to pursue any number of student-generated hypotheses representing varying degrees of scientific sophistication ranging from middle school to college level.
What Is Life? An Activity to Convey the Complexities of This Simple Question
Authors: Prud’homme-Généreux Annie
Published: December 2012

“What is life?” This deceptively simple question lies at the heart of biology. In this activity, students work in groups to come up with their own definition using a set of prompting cards that differs for each team. In doing so, students gain an appreciation of the complexities of addressing this question. The activity takes approximately 60–90 minutes to complete, but students often discuss its implications for weeks afterward. This activity successfully engaged freshman undergraduate students and could easily be adapted to high school and even elementary school students.
Nanosilver in Consumer Products: A Topic for Integration of Ethical & Social Implications with Biology
Authors: Eggleson Kathleen
Published: December 2012

The controversy and uncertainty surrounding use of nanosilver in consumer products can be used to stimulate a question-based discussion that integrates ethical and social implications with biology.
Learning Outcomes Associated with Classroom Implementation of a Biotechnology-Themed Video Game
Authors: Barko Tim , Sadler Troy D.
Published: December 2012

The educational video game Mission Biotech provides a virtual experience for students in learning biotechnology materials and tools. This study explores the use of Mission Biotech and the associated curriculum by three high school teachers and their students. All three classes demonstrated gains on a curriculum-aligned test of science content. Students from two of the classes showed gains on a standards-aligned test of content; students from the third class did not demonstrate statistically significant gains. This result is attributable to a ceiling effect. The results support the idea that video games can be useful in classroom contexts. No statistically significant changes were found when looking at how the game affected student attitudes toward science and science careers.
Enhancers and attenuators of risk associations of chronic hepatitis B virus infection with hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Xilin , Wang Ying , Luk Andrea O Y , So Wing Yee , Ma Ronald C W , Kong Alice P S , Xu Gang , Chan Juliana C N
Published: December 2012

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), use of insulin and statins was associated with reduced cancer risk while co-presence of low LDL cholesterol (LDLC <2.8 mmol/l) plus low triglyceride (TG; <1.7 mmol/l) increased cancer risk. There is experimental evidence showing that insulin insufficiency might promote HCC. In this study, we examined whether this lipid subphenotype and use of insulin or statins might modify the promoting effect of chronic HBV infection (indicated by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen) on HCC. We analyzed data of 1319 T2D patients enrolled into the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry from December 1996 to January 2005 and followed up to 2005. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction and attributable proportion due to interaction. During 5782 person-years of follow-up, 1.74% (n=23) of patients developed HCC (incidence, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 2.36–5.60/1000 person-years). HbA1c ≥7.0% and the lipid phenotype (LDLC <2.8 mmol/l plus TG <1.7 mmol/l) increased the hazard ratios (HRs) of chronic HBV infection for HCC from 3.74 to 74.96 and from 11.01 to 89.82 respectively with significant interactions. Use of insulin or statins decreased the HRs from 37.51 to 5.87 and from 64.94 to 16.99 respectively with significant interactions (allPvalues <0.05). These findings support our hypothesis that hyperglycemia and co-presence of low LDLC plus low TG might enhance, while insulin or statin usage might attenuate the promoting effect of chronic HBV infection on HCC in T2D.
Impact of weather conditions on variability in sunflower yield over years in eastern parts of Croatia and Hungary
Authors: Mijić A. , Liović I. , Kovačević V. , Pepó P.
Published: December 2012

Oil crops constitute the second most important field crops worldwide and are important both in Hungary and Croatia. Among the oil crops, sunflower has a significant role in Hungary (∼550,000 ha) and Croatia (∼30,000 ha). The main aim of this study was to compare sunflower yields and their variation over years (2000–2007) in the eastern parts of Hungary and Croatia, with the emphasis on the impact of rainfall and temperature regime, and using a rain factor (RFm) calculated monthly as the quotient of precipitation (mm) and mean air temperatures (°C). The results showed that the year had a different effect on the yield of sunflower in the different counties of eastern Hungary and Croatia, because of their different soil conditions. The results proved that the highest yields of sunflower (2140–2710 kg ha−1) were obtained in years when the rainfall before and during the vegetation period was 110–130 mm and 350–420 mm, which was very similar to the 30-year mean data (82–108 mm and 305–346 mm, respectively). The strongest correlations (positive and negative r values) between meteorological data and sunflower yields were found in counties with unfavourable soil conditions. In counties with better soil fertility the correlation coefficients were smaller, indicating that better soil conditions can compensate for unfavourable year effects (especially temporary shortage of rainfall or unfavourable rainfall distribution).
Genetic gain in grain yield and drought tolerance of durum wheat breeding lines under rainfed conditions in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi R.
Published: December 2012

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic gain for grain yield, yield attributes and drought tolerance of 11 durum breeding lines and also to compare it with one modern cultivar and two durum and bread wheat landraces in contrasting environment groups in a period of four cropping seasons (2005–09) within the Iran/ICARDA joint project for moderately cold rainfed areas of Iran. The significant genotype × year interaction indicated that the average yield performance of genotypes across environments was not consistent over the years. Genetic gain (%) for grain yield was distinguishable between the stressed and non-stressed environments. A positive genetic gain (27.7 to 23.9%) was observed in the non-stressed environment and a negative genetic gain (−11.5 to −24.1%) in the stressed environment for the breeding lines, compared to the landraces, suggesting that the evaluation of breeding materials under non-stressed conditions should be continued. Unlike the modern cultivar, the landraces were low yielding, and less responsive to non-stressed environments for grain yield and yield attributes. The drought resistance indices, i.e. tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were better in landraces than breeding lines, while the drought tolerance indices, i.e. stress tolerance index (STI) and drought response index (DRI), were better in breeding lines. In contrast with landraces, the modern cultivar and the breeding lines showed significant changes for both grain yield and drought tolerance.
β-D-glucan content of wheat kernels after inoculation With Fusarium culmorum Sacc
Authors: Šliková S. , Havrlentová M. , Hauptvogel P. , Mendel Ľ. , Gregová E. , Šudyová V.
Published: December 2012

Winter wheat landraces and modern Slovak cultivars were inoculated with the pathogen Fusarium culmorum Sacc. by spraying in May 2008, in plot experiments under natural conditions in Piešťany, Slovakia. The objective was to examine the responses of the tested genotypes to inoculation with F. culmorum and to determine changes in the β-D-glucan content in the kernels. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and the β-D-glucan and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents in the grains were determined using Megazyme and Ridascreen® Fast DON assay kits. Wheat landraces had lower AUDPC and FDK, and accumulated 67.4% less DON than modern cultivars. There were highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) between AUDPC and DON content, between FDK and DON, and between AUDPC and FDK. The correlation between β-D-glucan content and AUDPC was also significant (P < 0.05), but not correlations between β-D-glucan and other traits. The β-D-glucan content in the grain of wheat genotypes artificially inoculated with F. culmorum was lower than in grains without infection. The wheat landraces contained more β-D-glucan than modern cultivars and showed higher resistance to F. culmorum. The three wheat landraces had significantly lower spike and kernel infection compared to modern cultivars and could be used to breed elite cultivars with enhanced Fusarium head blight resistance.
Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanostructures on Nylon Fabrics
Authors: Athauda Thushara J. , Ozer Ruya R.
Published: December 2012

We present a facile approach for growing radially oriented and dense ZnO nanorods and nanoneedles on the commercially available nylon fabrics by a simple, two-step wet chemical route. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis transmission spectroscopy, and wettability measurements. It was observed that the morphology of the resulting ZnO nanostructures strongly depended on the hydrothermal growth conditions. Excellent UV blocking activities were observed for ZnO nanorods containing nylon textiles in the wavelength region of 280-400 nm. Superhydrophobicity was achieved, for both ZnO nanorods and nanoneedles treated nylon fabric, upon 10mM 1-dodecanethiol treatment. ZnO nanostructures were durably attached to the nylon fabric after stirring 2 h in deionized water.
Silicon Nanostructured Films Formed by Pulsed-Laser Deposition in Inert Gas and Reactive Gas
Authors: Chen X. Y. , Lu Y.F. , Wu Y. H. , Cho B.J. , Laser H. Hu
Published: December 2012

We reported Si nanostructured films formed by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) in both inert Ar gas and reactive O2 gas. The as-deposited nanostructured films with visible photoluminescence (PL) show a transition from a film structure to a porous cauliflowerlike structure, as the ambient gas pressure increases from 1 mTorr to 1 Torr. The film consists of small crystals with size from 1 to 20 nm. The oxygen composition of SiOx increases with increasing O2 gas pressure, while Si 2p peak of the Si dioxide also becomes dominate. At 100 mTorr O2 gas, almost complete SiO2 structure is formed. The PL at 1.8–2.1 eV is attributed to the quantum confinement effect (QCE) in Si nanocrystal core, while the PL band at 2.55 eV can be explained by the light emission from the localized surface states at SiOx/Si interface. Laser annealing was applied to the as-deposited nanostructured films. The PL intensities are increased by about two to three times of magnitude after annealing. High laser fluence causes damages in the films and optimal laser fluence exists before film damages or laser ablation occur.
Percepções maternas sobre o nascimento de um filho prematuro e cuidados após a alta
Authors: Anjos Lucy Sobieski dos , Lemos Daniela de Mattos , Antunes Letícia Alves , Andrade João Marcus Oliveira , Nascimento Weide Dayane Marques , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: December 2012

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou conhecer percepções maternas sobre o nascimento do filho prematuro e os cuidados após a alta. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 16 mães de prematuros internados em UTIN, ou em acompanhamento pelo ambulatório de seguimento de recém-nascidos egressos de UTIN. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e interpretadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram sentimentos de tristeza, angústia, culpa e impotência. Registrou-se, ainda, confiança na equipe de saúde, insegurança com os cuidados ao filho em casa, a importância da rede de apoio social e da espiritualidade para as famílias. Profissionais que trabalham com prematuros devem dedicar maior atenção às suas famílias, compreendendo experiências críticas e acolhendo de forma humanizada.
Fatores de risco cardiovascular em adultos jovens de um município do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Emiliana Bezerra , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Pereira Halana Cecília Vieira , Sales Iara Bezerra , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Freitas Consuelo Helena Aires de , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se averiguar fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adultos jovens num interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo quantitativo realizado com 351 escolares adultos jovens de 12 escolas públicas em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, selecionados aleatoriamente e estratificados por escola e turno. Os resultados apresentaram maioria feminina, mestiça, conciliando estudo e trabalho, sem companheiro(a) e morando com os pais. Houve sedentarismo (57,3%), obesidade/sobrepeso (19,4%), adição de sal à comida (54,4%), ingestão alcoólica (76,1%), hipertensão arterial (1,1%) com 50% de não adesão ao tratamento, diabetes mellitus (0,6%) e antecedentes familiares de doenças cardiovasculares (86,3%). Caracterizar os riscos cardiovasculares entre os adultos jovens direciona ações de saúde e potencialidades nas parcerias com as escolas.
Compreensão de enfermeiros de bordo sobre seu papel na equipe multiprofissional de transporte aeromédico
Authors: Scuissiato Dayane Reinhardt , Boffi Letícia Valois , Rocha Roseline da Rocha da , Montezeli Juliana Helena , Bordin Michelle Taverna , Peres Aida Maris
Published: December 2012

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo que objetivou identificar a compreensão de enfermeiros de bordo sobre seu papel na equipe multiprofissional de transporte aeromédico. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com oito enfermeiros de bordo de Curitiba-PR, de junho a agosto de 2009. Os discursos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo, emergindo três categorias. A primeira descreve as atribuições do enfermeiro de bordo como gestor da missão aeromédica, planejando o antes, o durante e após o transporte e incluindo o preparo da aeronave e o conhecimento do caso do paciente. Na segunda categoria são abordados aspectos deste profissional como prestador de assistência ao paciente aerorremovido; e, na terceira, descrevem-se a comunicação e o trabalho em equipe como competências fundamentais ao enfermeiro de bordo. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro no transporte aeromédico articula gerenciamento e cuidado em sua prática profissional por meio do uso de competências.
Comparação entre as técnicas de mensuração da pressão arterial em um e em dois tempos
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane Crisp Martins , Lamas José Luiz Tatagiba
Published: December 2012

Medir a pressão arterial é passo inicial e indispensável para um adequado diagnóstico de hipertensão, considerando que os níveis de pressão representam importante marcador de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Medir a pressão, entretanto, pode resultar em conclusões inapropriadas se normas técnicas básicas não forem obedecidas. Este estudo comparou o uso da técnica de mensuração da pressão arterial em um tempo com a técnica em dois tempos, recomendada pela American Heart Association em 2005. Foram realizadas medidas pelas duas técnicas em quarenta indivíduos adultos, utilizando-se como equipamentos manômetro de mercúrio e aparelho digital. Pela análise dos dados concluiu-se que a técnica em um tempo apresentou resultados similares àqueles obtidos com a técnica em dois tempos.
Competências profissionais em Saúde Pública: conceitos, origens, abordagens e aplicações
Authors: Fragelli Thaís Branquinho Oliveira , Shimizu Helena Eri
Published: December 2012

Competências profissionais é um tema que tem sido muito discutido em várias áreas, incluindo a saúde. A necessidade de novos modos de processos de trabalho em consequência da mudança no modelo assistencial e do perfil epidemiológico das doenças tem suscitado debates e discussões nesta área. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma revisão sobre o constructo competência a fim de compreender o seu contexto sócio-histórico e de verificar sua aplicabilidade na saúde. Apresentam-se as principais abordagens citadas na literatura e as suas diversas origens. Também foi apresentada a aplicação do conceito em Saúde Pública com as discussões que ocorrem na literatura e na Galway Consensus Conference, em 2008.
Consumo de forragem e desempenho de novilhas de corte recebendo suplementos em pastagem de azevém
Authors: Rosa Aline Tatiane Nunes da , Rocha Marta Gomes da , Pötter Luciana , Kosloski Gilberto Vilmar , Roso Dalton , Oliveira Neto Renato Alves de
Published: December 2012

Foram estudados o desempenho, comportamento e a ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em dois estádios de desenvolvimento do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pré-florescimento e florescimento. As novilhas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo grão de milho ou suplemento extrusado com gordura. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (três sistemas alimentares x dois estádios fenológicos do azevém). A ingestão de forragem foi estimada usando o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. Os valores médios de massa de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 1636kg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS) e 2,3kg de MS 100kg-1 de peso corporal (PC), respectivamente. Novilhas que não receberam suplemento consumiram mais pasto sem diferir das que receberam gordura. Animais exclusivamente a pasto realizaram maior número de bocados diários. As ingestões de MS do pasto e total, que foram de 2,74 e 3,01% do PC, respectivamente, são similares no pré-florescimento e florescimento do azevém. A ingestão de matéria seca total e os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio de bezerras de corte recebendo suplementos são semelhantes ao uso exclusivo da pastagem de azevém, resultando em desempenho individual semelhante.
Nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Monteiro Flávia Paula Magalhães , Araujo Thelma Leite de , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Chaves Daniel Bruno Resende , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Costa Alice Gabrielle de Sousa
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to characterize nutritional status and variables that predict nutritional changes in children with congenital heart disease. METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken in two health institutions between January and June 2009, using a questionnaire with questions about nutrition, applied to 132 children under two years of age who had congenital heart disease. Children who had additional serious illnesses were excluded. RESULT: the predominant percentile values and Z scores were concentrated within the range of normal levels. The Z scores, however, presented negative variations with a deviation to the left. In the analysis of predictive factors, the occurrence of immediate and acute malnutrition was related to a decrease in skinfold thickness (decrease in subscapular skinfold thickness, while immediate malnutrition was related to a high Apgar score. Chronic malnutrition was related to female children with higher ages. CONCLUSION: it is evidenced that it is necessary to carry out nutritional strategies which improve prognosis, so as to widen the nursing care directed at these children.
Burden of care and its impact on health-related quality of life of caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Nogueira Paula Cristina , Rabeh Soraia Assad Nasbine , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Haas Vanderlei José
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the impact and burden of care on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of caregivers of individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). METHOD: cross-sectional observational study carried out by reviewing medical records and applying questionnaires. The scale Short Form 36 (SF-36) was used to assess HRQOL and the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBScale) for care burden. Results were analyzed quantitatively. Most patients with SCIs were male, aged 35.4 years old on average, with a predominance of thoracic injuries followed by cervical injuries. Most caregivers were female aged 44.8 years old on average. RESULTS: tetraplegia and secondary complications stand out among the clinical characteristics that contributed to greater care burden and worse HRQOL. Association between care burden with HRQOL revealed that the greater the burden the worse the HRQOL. CONCLUSION: Preventing care burden through strategies that prepare patients for hospital discharge, integrating the support network, and enabling access to health care services are interventions that could minimize the effects arising from care burden and contribute to improving HRQOL.
Intensity of musculoskeletal pain and (in) ability to work in nursing
Authors: Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Lima Ana Cláudia Soares de , Prochnow Andrea , Ceron Marinez Diniz da Silva , Tavares Juliana Petri , Urbanetto Janete de Souza
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: the aim was to evaluate the association between the intensity of musculoskeletal pain and reduction in work ability among nursing workers. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, involving 592 nursing staff in a public university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the Finnish questionnaire for calculating Work Ability Index was used, whose score varies from 7 to 49 points. The score was dichotomized as reduced work ability (7 to 36 points) and good/excellent ability (37 to 49 points). The intensity of musculoskeletal pain over the previous week was evaluated, using a numerical pain scale. RESULT: 43.3% of the participants had reduced work ability and 48.8% reported strong to unbearable pain. Even after adjusting for potentially confounding factors (function and length of service in the function), the workers who mentioned strong to unbearable pain were four times more likely to be classified in the group with reduced work ability. CONCLUSION: A positive association was determined between intensity of musculoskeletal pain and reduction in work ability. It is necessary to adopt intervention measures in the organizational structure, so as to promote/restore work ability.
Quality of life among older adults resident in long-stay care facilities
Authors: Vitorino Luciano Magalhães , Paskulin Lisiane Manganelli Girardi , Vianna Lucila Amaral Carneiro
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the older adults' perceptions of their quality of life (QoL) in two long-stay care facilities in Pouso Alegre and Santa Rita in Sapucaí, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil , and to identify the sociodemographic and health variables which interfere in this perception. METHOD: a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 77 older adults resident in institutions. The instruments used were: personal characterization; WHOQOL-bref and WHOQOL OLD. RESULT: the highest average obtained in the instruments was: the "Social Relationships" domain in the WHOQOL-bref (68%) and the "Sensory abilities" aspect in the WHOQOL-OLD (73.7%). The variables age, sex, physical activity and level of schooling have a significant correlation with the WHOQOL-bref and the variables sex and leisure have the same with the WHOQOL OLD. CONCLUSION: older adults who are younger, with higher levels of schooling and who undertake physical and leisure activity have, on average, better perceptions of their QoL. The older adults' QoL in this study had higher rates than that reported in the literature and was similar to that in the community. The results suggest the need to train those involved with older adults in institutions so that they may develop strategies which promote the adaptation, adjustment and maintenance of QoL.
Children as carers: an integrative review
Authors: Marote Ana Sofia Filipe , Pinto Carla Andreia , Vieira Marlene da Rocha , Barbiéri-Figueiredo Maria do Céu Aguiar , Pedrosa Pedro Miguel Nunes
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to undertake an integrative literature review on the issue of "Children as carers". This is an emerging topic in the provision of health care, but nevertheless has a low profile in the literature. METHODOLOGY: this study was based in a survey of nine databases of scientific articles, using as descriptor: child, young, caregivers, lay carer and nursing role, as well as the corresponding terms in Portuguese. 21 articles were analyzed. RESULTS: these were organized into six categories - factors which motivate the child to take on the role of caregiver; these children's characteristics; tasks performed; time spent in caring; consequences of providing care and the role of the nurse in partnership with these children and their families. CONCLUSION: the children as carers are a focus of attention relevant to nursing practice, this issue representing an opportunity for investigation in Portuguese-speaking countries, as no article was found on the subject in Portuguese. In addition, with this first study in Portuguese, a work of the creation of a bibliography is begun, allowing an awareness of the issue and the identification of ways to respond to the families involved, in line with their needs.
O poder da caneta: a Medida Provisória no processo legislativo estadual
Authors: Ricci Paolo , Tomio Fabricio
Published: December 2012

A Medida Provisória (MP) brasileira é um dos instrumentos legislativos mais poderosos nas mãos do Presidente da República para alterar unilateralmente o status quo. Apesar de o judiciário ter reconhecido a competência dos governadores para instituir e adotar a MP, esta existe apenas em seis estados. O artigo procura explicar a não adoção deste instrumento legislativo pela maioria dos estados. Enfatiza-se a escassa ou marginal relevância que é dada à MP pelo governador nos seis casos que a adotaram. Defende-se, aqui, que os governadores, diferentemente dos presidentes, não necessitam de mais um instrumento legislativo ou da ampliação da delegação de prerrogativas legislativas para garantir sua agenda frente a seus respectivos legislativos, já que com ou sem poder de decreto estadual os governadores controlariam a já limitada agenda decisória nos estados.
Percepções dos deputados estaduais sobre o sistema de comissões das Assembleias Estaduais brasileiras
Authors: Rocha Marta Mendes da , Costa Alessandra
Published: December 2012

O artigo confronta a visão da literatura sobre a importância e o papel das comissões permanentes nos legislativos no Brasil e as percepções dos deputados estaduais de 12 estados brasileiros. Busca identificar os pontos de convergência e divergência entre eles e contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre o funcionamento e a relevância das comissões parlamentares nas Assembleias Estaduais, assim como os obstáculos à sua atuação. Além disso, o artigo se propõe a identificar e discutir os aspectos e as dimensões enfatizadas pelos deputados e não considerados pela literatura sobre o tema.
Acciones colectivas frente a la violencia: disquisiciones a partir de un estudio de casos: Comuna 13 de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Alzate Zuluaga Mary Luz
Published: December 2012

En este artículo se analizan las modalidades y estrategias de acción que los sujetos colectivos producen para enfrentar la violencia, a partir de un estudio de casos de acciones colectivas producidas en el contexto del conflicto interno armado colombiano, caracterizándolas como modalidades de acción política intentando revertir, transformar o alterar las relaciones de poder que a través de tal violencia se pretende implantar. Concluyendo en la emergencia de un nuevo escenario de lo público, que plantea la existencia de orientaciones y formas de acción opositoras a la dominación armada, e ilustradoras de una pluralidad de alternativas culturales, políticas y sociales civilistas y democráticas.
A elite empresarial e as instituições democráticas: cultura política, confiança e padrões de ação política
Authors: Costa Paulo Roberto Neves
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a concepção de democracia, a relação com as instituições democráticas, o grau de confiança nelas depositado e alguns aspectos dos padrões de ação política da elite empresarial brasileira nos dias de hoje. Utilizamos a noção de elite empresarial, composta por aqueles que exercem a direção de entidades de representação dos diversos setores do empresariado, tendo por referência, portanto, não propriamente o critério do poder econômico ou da direção de grandes empresas, como é usual nos estudos sobre elites econômicas, mas sim o da representação política, ou seja, os dirigentes que foram eleitos pelos membros das entidades empresariais e exercem a articulação dos interesses de seus representados. Os dados provêm de entrevistas junto a dirigentes de entidades de diversos setores, de distinta natureza (sindical e associativa) e amplitude de ação (estadual ou nacional), verificando não apenas as opiniões, mas também as suas justificativas, dando aos dados uma dimensão qualitativa, nem sempre utilizada nos estudos de cultura política. Constatamos que há por parte da elite empresarial brasileira uma forte adesão à democracia, muito maior do que a da população em geral, uma posição favorável às formas de participação política, além de um grau maior de confiança e de satisfação com as instituições democráticas.
Impacts of urban solid waste disposal on the quality of surface water in three cities of Minas Gerais - Brazil
Authors: Marques Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor , Silva Antônio Marciano da , Rodrigues Luciano dos Santos , Coelho Gilberto
Published: December 2012

The environmental impact of three different urban solid waste facilities (USWF) on the quality of the surface water. The studied areas were the Campo Belo sanitary landfill (Varões River), the controlled landfill of Santo Antônio do Amparo (Fabiano River), and the closed dump of Elói Mendes (Mutuca River), which are cities located in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil were evaluated. At each sampling point water samples were collected at five occasions in the raining season (October - March) and in the dry season (April - June) at three sampling points: (P1) upstream the solid waste facility, (P2) downstream nearby the point of influx from the sewage treatment plant in the sanitary landfill, or at the drainage point from the surface flow of the dump and controlled landfill, and (P3) downstream the solid waste facility. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were performed, and the results were analyzed based on descriptive statistics. The data were also compared with reference values from the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) Resolution 357/2005 and were used to calculate the water quality index (WQI). It was not possible to detect a significant effect of the solid waste facility on the water quality indicators. The water conditions were unsatisfactory due to violations of the concentrations of phosphorus, ammonia, fecal coliform, and the biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio (BOD/COD), probably related to other uses along the drainage area upstream the solid waste facility. These conditions were more critical in the Mutuca river, where the WQI was classified as bad during the entire period at all sampling points.
O processo de alcoolização entre os Tenharim das aldeias do rio Marmelos, AM, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Priscilla Perez da Silva , Ott Ari Miguel Teixeira
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar esse processo de alcoolização nas aldeias do Marmelos utilizando o enfoque antropológico. A forma como os Tenharim bebem está relacionada, sobretudo, a um rito de passagem masculino e com regras bem definidas pelas famílias, com seus mecanismos de proteção e controle. Foi possível notar que a alcoolização vem sendo discutida pelos indígenas, mas, com diferenças quanto à definição como um problema ou não, fato que fragmenta as ações desenvolvidas contra a alcoolização problemática. A posição de liminaridade assumida pelos que consomem álcool demonstra a necessidade de fortalecimento social da comunidade.