bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON Ba2.92Na0.57Nd0.91Nb10.17O30.00 WITH TUNGSTEN BRONZE TYPE STRUCTURE
Authors: TANOKURA YASUO , TSUKIOKA MASAYUKI , KOBAYASHI MICHIKO , TSUTSUMI SADAO
Published: November 2004

A new semiconducting material of sodium barium rare-earth niobates of the type Ba 2.92 Na 0.57 Nd 0.91 Nb 10.17 O 30.00 (abbreviated as BN NN) was ma de by sin t ering a sample of an appropriate compositional ratio, Ba 3 NaNdNb 10O30. The crystal structure of BNNN has been confirmed to have tungsten bronze type structure with pseudotetragonal symmetry by X-ray diffraction measurements. The Miller indices hkl of BNNN have been assigned, and the lattice parameters were a≈b=17.6332 Å and c=7.8579 Å. Dielectric constant measurement of the sample sintered in air was carried out at temperatures between 80 to 770 K. The dielectric constant vs. temperature relation reveals a diffuse peak at around 240 K, corresponding to the ferroelectric transition temperatures (Tc). The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements of a sample heated in flowing N 2 gas have been carried out at temperatures from 80 to 273 K. These experiments reveal that BNNN is an n-type extrinsic semiconductor.
CALCULATED DIELECTRIC PARAMETER OF BARIUM TITANATE-LEAD TITANATE COMPOSITES AS FUNCTIONS OF COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY
Authors: SARKAR S.K.
Published: November 2004

Some dielectric parameters, e.g. dielectric constant, resistivity, dielectric strength, loss tangent, saturation polarisation, coercive field, of barium titanate-lead titanate composites have been calculated as functions of composition and frequency, assuming a very simplified model and a 3–0 connectivity pattern. Most of the parameters have been found to vary linearly with composition at a given frequency.
NONISOTHERMAL METASTABILITY IN MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS
Authors: DEKKER H.
Published: November 2004

Since the effective potential for noisy “macroscopic” degrees of freedom (e.g. the magnetic phase in Josephson junctions) in general depends on the (local) temperature, it is given thermodynamical significance as the Gibbs or Helmholtz free energy. Using the notions of nonequilibrium thermodynamics a generalized Kramers Fokker-Planck equation is then presented, which includes nonisothermal effects. The escape rate from a metastable state across a temperature-dependent energy barrier is investigated. A substantial entropic barrier enhancement is found for a specimen with small heat capacity and slow heat exchange with its environment (e.g. the helium reservoir).
INFLUENCE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES ON THE TRANSPORT CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY OF HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: SHAO HUIMIN , LU MU , LU TIANCHANG , JIN XICHUN , SHEN LINJIANG , SUN XIANBIN , YI MINYU , FANG JUNREN
Published: November 2004

This paper describes our efforts to improve the preparation conditions of YBCO samples and increase their density by doping with Sn, F, or Ag and our analysis of the influence of different grain boundaries on superconducting current. We come to the conclusion that, as the grain boundaries have an insulation layer between them forming Josephson junctions and the metalled grain boundaries form proximity junctions which are kind of weak couplings for superconductors, the current-carrying capacity of samples having such grain boundaries cannot be expected to greatly increase. Only by increasing the density of samples and purifying the grain boundaries can a better percolation path for supercurrent be created, thereby considerably increasing the critical current density.
MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL BY NUCLEATION
Authors: BALTENSPERGER W. , BROZ J. S. , HELMAN J. S.
Published: November 2004

The exact static solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz equations for the magnetization, which have been identified as describing nucleation centers for the magnetization reversal in ferromagnets, are compared with those of phenomenological models of spherical and cylindrical symmetry. It is found that the latter have higher critical fields.
REALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF e-BEAM COMPLETELY EVAPORATED BSCCO THIN FILMS
Authors: ATTANASIO C. , MARITATO L. , NIGRO A. , PRISHEPA S. , SCAFURO R.
Published: November 2004

BSCCO thin films with T c (R = 0) higher than 80 K have been routinely prepared using a simple and reliable technique in which we completely electron beam evaporated weighted amounts of bulk pellets. The films were grown on MgO single crystal (100) substrates and showed, after an ex-situ annealing at high temperatures (840–880° C) for several hours, a strong preferential orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. The films were characterized by Θ − 2Θ X-ray diffraction and EDS analysis and by paraconductivity and critical current measurements.
THE EFFECT OF THE NEUTRON IRRADIATION ON THE CRITICAL CURRENT AND THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE MELT–TEXTURED GROWTH YBa2Cu3Oy
Authors: REN HONGTAO , XIAO LING , HE QING , ZHOU YUNLU , BAO WEIDONG , LU HUIJUAN , WANG RUIKUN , SHAO BEILING
Published: November 2004

We have studied the effect of the fast neutron irradiation on the critical current properties and the microstructure of Melt-Textured Growth (MTG) YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ with fluences of 2.3 × 1016 n/cm 2, 1.16 × 1017 n/cm 2, and 5.8 × 1017 n/cm 2 respectively. The hysteresis loops have been measured at 77 K and 1.5 K in the applied magnetic fields between −6 T and 6 T. The irreversibility lines H(T*) were also demonstrated. The critical magnetization current density J c is up to 4.7 × 105 A/cm 2 at 77 K in the field of 0.1 T for the irradiated sample with the fluence of 1.16 × 1017 n/cm 2. It is tenfold higher than that of the unirradiated sample. This increase of J c is due to the pinning at irradiation–induced pinning centers. Much higher neutron irradiation with fluence of 5.8 × 1017 n/cm 2 is harmful to the increase of J c value because the orthorhombic structure has been transformed into the tetragonal one. The amorphous state and the cellular structures are also observed in the irradiated MTG sample.
QUANTUM MONTE CARLO ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRAINED FERMIONS
Authors: ZHANG X. Y.
Published: November 2004

Using path integral quantization in the subspace that forbids double occupancy, we introduce a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of fermion models with constraint. The algorithm can be applied to a class of lattice fermion models, including the infinite-U Hubbard model and the t - J model.
UHF HIGH-Tc SQUID
Authors: SHNYRKOV V. I. , TIMOFEEV V. P. , KHVOSTOV S. S. , TSOI G. M.
Published: November 2004

For the first time we have designed, constructed and investigated an UHF high-T c SQUID pumped at 360 MHz at 77 K. The SQUID is based on an one-hole interferometer with a microbridge Josephson contact made of bulk YBaCuO ceramics by the standard technique of mechanical scribing, followed by finishing with a high-voltage discharge electroerrosion. Magnetic flux sensitivity of the UHF SQUID as measured by the output signal of a quadratic detector with a dc amplifier of 40 kHz bandwidth was found to be about 5 × 10−5ϕ0/ Hz 1/2 in the quasiwhite noise region (at a frequency over 700 Hz).
COHERENT BOND STATES
Authors: CHAKRABARTI J. , CHAUDHURY R.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the coherent bond states in the general context of the Hubbard model. The total number of charge carriers in the band, which is a generator of the algebra of these states, must fluctuate to stabilize the bond order. The on-site terms, in the Hartree approximation, are elements of this algebra. Taken all together, we find that the bond order is approximately realized away from the domain in which the magnetic fluctuations dominate.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AT 70 K AND 100 K IN THE MoTlSrCaCuO SYSTEM
Authors: LI Y.F. , SHENG Z.Z.
Published: November 2004

Superconductivity at 70 K and 100 K in the MoTlSrCaCuO system was observed by resistance and ac susceptibility measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the phase responsible for the 70 K superconductivity is a 1212-type phase TlSr2(Ca, Mo)Cu2O7. The phase responsible for the 100 K superconductivity cannot be identified from powder X-ray diffraction data because of its small amount. According to the existing data on 1212-type phase, this phase is surmised to be also a 1212-type phase, in which Mo substitutes for both Tl and Ca.
HARTREE-FOCK APPROXIMATION FOR COULOMB INTERACTING ANYON GAS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: PEREZ MARTINEZ A. , CABO A.
Published: November 2004

Dyson equations for a Coulomb interacting anyon gas in a magnetic field are obtained and solved in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The states recently proposed by Greiter and Wilczek naturally arise from the Hartree-Fock solution. The electron self energies are calculated in the case when only the lowest Landau level is occupied.
A RAMAN STUDY OF Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: LIAROKAPIS E. , LEVENTOURI TH. , PAPAGEORGIOU O. , LU H. , MEDINA F.D.
Published: November 2004

Three compositions of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor, with or without Pb substitutions for Bi have been prepared and studied. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed transition temperatures at 80 K and 110 K. Raman spectroscopy revealed a different behavior for the two phonon modes at 465 cm−1 and 630 cm−1 with increasing doping by Pb. The 630 cm−1 mode remains unaffected up to the highest Pb concentration, while with 30% of Bi replaced by Pb, the 465 cm−1 phonon disappears and another phonon appears at 545 cm−1. The results indicate that Pb substitutes for Ca and Sr as well as for the Bi atoms, and provide a hint for the correct assignment of both phonons.
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC REORIENTATION PHASE TRANSITION IN THE STUDY OF EXCHANGE ANISOTROPY
Authors: CHEN YOUJUN , LOTTIS D.K. , DAHLBERG E. DAN
Published: November 2004

A Magnetic Reorientation Phase Transition (MRPT) was discovered in 1981 in Molecular-Beam-Epitaxially (MBE) grown thin iron (Fe) films on (110) GaAs substrates. The reorientation transition was characterized by the sudden switching of the in-plane magnetization in the Fe films. Subsequent to this work it was discovered that at low temperatures, the natural oxide on these films becomes antiferromagnetic and provides an exchange anisotropy field. In a ferromagnetic material such as Fe, because of the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect the resistance depends on the angle between the current and the magnetization which is in turn determined by the magnetic energy expression. This paper reviews the application of the MRPT in the study of exchange anisotropy in both the experimental and theoretical aspects.
FRUSTRATED ISING MODELS ON QUASIPERIODIC LATTICES IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: DUNEAU M. , DUNLOP F. , JAGANNATHAN A. , OGUEY C.
Published: November 2004

Competing short-range interactions are considered between Ising spins placed on vertices of the two-dimensional quasiperiodic octagonal tiling. For physically reasonable competing interactions, various types of magnetic ground states appear for different choices of the local environments of active — magnetic — sites, consequences jointly of the frustration and quasiperiodicity.
A TOOL THAT SUPPORTS CONSTRUCTING CHINESE EXPERT SYSTEMS
Authors: FU LI-MIN
Published: November 2004

This paper describes EJAUNDICE, which is designed to be a general-purpose expert system building tool. Considerations behind a number of design decisions for purposes of generality are examined. EJAUNDICE provides several control schemes, including biphasical control with goal-directed reasoning, data-driven processing, and control blocks, and integrates rule-based, frame-based, and logic-based reasoning paradigms in its framework.

The issues of knowledge representation and input/output in developing a Chinese expert system are also investigated.
MOTION AND STRUCTURE FROM MOTION IN A PIECEWISE PLANAR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: FAUGERAS O.D. , LUSTMAN F.
Published: November 2004

We show in this article that when the environment is piecewise linear, it provides a powerful constraint on the kind of matches that exist between two images of the scene when the camera motion is unknown. For points and lines located in the same plane, the correspondence between the two cameras is a collineation. We show that the unknowns (the camera motion and the plane equation) can be recovered, in general, from an estimate of the matrix of this collineation. The two-fold ambiguity that remains can be removed by looking at a second plane, by taking a third view of the same plane, or by using a priori knowledge about the geometry of the plane being looked at. We then show how to combine the estimation of the matrix of collineation and the obtaining of point and line matches between the two images, by a strategy of Hypothesis Prediction and Testing guided by a Kalman filter. We finally show how our approach can be used to calibrate a system of cameras.
LOGICAL DECISION RULES FOR AUTOMATIC DISCOVERY OF KNOWLEDGE IN EXPERT SYSTEMS DATABASE
Authors: LBOV G.S.
Published: November 2004

We consider the class of logical decision rules and its applications for the solution of various problems of multivariate statistical analysis: discriminant and regression analysis, and cluster analysis. Some useful properties of the statistical analysis methods using the class under consideration are shown. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of presenting statistical results (unlike all other methods) in a language close to a natural language of logical statements.
REJECTION OF SEISMIC FALSE TRIGGERS BY STATISTICAL SIGNAL SEGMENTATION
Authors: GRAZIANO F. , LENZI G. , SALVANESCHI P.
Published: November 2004

Microseismic networks, equipped with digital recorders triggered by STA/LTA threshold, may be affected by a high number of false triggers. These cause wastage of computing resources (cpu time and mass storage) and is unacceptable in managing data from many networks. The aim of this study is to test the capability to reject false triggers by statistical segmentation (as proposed by Chen). The sample set includes 580 readable microquakes and 2,310 other signals including spurious noises and unreadable quakes.

Signals are partitioned into fixed length sections. For every couple of contiguous sections the waveform statistical difference is measured by computing the entropy distance. The features vector characterizing a signal is composed of: the maximum value of entropy distance, the occurrence time of this maximum value and the AR(3) coefficients of the section beginning at the occurrence time.

Several classification methods have been used: the best results come from the Fisher classifier applied to the features vectors with dimensionality reduced by the Foley-Sammon transform.
AM/AG MODEL: A HIERARCHICAL SOCIAL SYSTEM METAPHOR FOR DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: SHIN D.G. , LEONE J.
Published: November 2004

This work explores a distributed problem solving (DPS) approach, namely the AM/AG (Amplification/Aggregation) model. The AM/AG model is a hierarchic social system metaphor for DPS based on Mintzberg’s model of organizations. At the core of the model are information flow mechanisms, namely, amplification and aggregation. Amplification is a process of decomposing a given task, called an agenda, into a set of subtasks with magnified degree of specificity and distributing them to multiple processing units downward in the hierarchy. Aggregation is a process of combining the results reported from multiple processing units into a unified view, called a resolution, and promoting the conclusion upward in the hierarchy.

Amplification is discussed in detail. A set of generative rules is introduced. Each rule specifies a set of actions for transforming an input agenda into other forms with higher specificity. The proposed model can be used to account for the memory recall process which makes associations between vast amounts of related concepts, sorts out the combined results, and promotes the most plausible ones. An example of memory recall is used to illustrate the model.
LOG-TRACKER: AN ATTRIBUTE-BASED APPROACH TO TRACKING HUMAN BODY MOTION
Authors: LONG WARREN , YANG YEE-HONG
Published: November 2004

Motion provides extra information that can aid in the recognition of objects. One of the most commonly seen objects is, perhaps, the human body. Yet little attention has been paid to the analysis of human motion. One of the key steps required for a successful motion analysis system is the ability to track moving objects. In this paper, we describe a new system called Log-Tracker, which was recently developed for tracking the motion of the different parts of the human body. Occlusion of body parts is termed a forking condition. Two classes of forks as well as the attributes required to classify them are described. Experimental results from two gymnastics sequences indicate that the system is able to track the body parts even when they are occluded for a short period of time. Occlusions that extend for a long period of time still pose problems to Log-Tracker.
OCTREE DETECTION OF CLOSED COMPARTMENTS
Authors: VINACUA A. , NAVAZO I. , BRUNET P.
Published: November 2004

The present paper addresses the problem of detecting closed compartments produced by a set of planar faces in the space. The topology of the set is general, and edges in the final piecewise planar surface can belong to one, two or more faces; boundary representations for non-manifold solids are an example. An octree structure (dubbed eightit compartment Octree) that defines a 3D graph through the volume defined by the set of faces is proposed, and it is shown that a seed propagation algorithm on the graph can be used to detect the existing closed compartments. The algorithm can either compute the total number of compartments or detect if the set of faces define a closed solid volume, the outside part being considered as a separate compartment.
UTILIZING PARAMETRIC HYPERPATCH METHODS FOR MODELING AND DISPLAY OF FREE-FORM SOLIDS
Authors: JOY KENNETH I.
Published: November 2004

This paper introduces methods of creating, modifying and visualizing free-form geometric models, by use of the B-spline hyperpatch. Modeling tools for the hyperpatch, including local control-point interactions, lofting operations and sweeping operations, are described. These operations, together with modeling tools generated for free-form surface design, form a powerful tool hierarchy for the design of complex solids. Techniques are also described by which these hyperpatches may be integrated into conventional visible-surface algorithms. With the defined methods, and the hyperpatch model, the complexity of free-form solid object construction was found to be significantly simplified.
A FRAMEWORK FOR DYNAMIC SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES MANAGEMENT
Authors: HOWARD RANDY , KERSCHBERG LARRY
Published: November 2004

The use of Web services as a means of dynamically discovering, negotiating, composing, executing and managing services to materialize enterprise-scale workflow is an active research topic. Existing approaches involve many disparate concepts, frameworks and technologies. What is needed is a comprehensive and overarching framework that handles the processing and workflow requirements of Virtual Organizations, maps them to a collection of service-oriented tasks, dynamically configures these tasks from available services, and manages the choreography and execution of these services. The goal is to add semantics to Web services to endow them with capabilities needed for their successful deployment in enterprise-scale systems for Virtual Organizations.

This paper introduces such a framework, the Knowledge-based Dynamic Semantic Web Services (KDSWS) Framework that addresses in an integrated end-to-end manner, the life-cycle of activities involved in preparing, publishing, requesting, discovering, selecting, configuring, deploying, and delivering Semantic Web Services. In particular, the following issues are addressed with an emphasis on adaptability to rapidly changing environments and standards: (1) semantic specification of both service's and requestor's capabilities, constraints and preferences including quality of service, trust, and security; (2) transaction control and workflow management; and (3) resource management, interoperation and evolution of the Virtual Organization.
African American Children's Reports of Depressed Mood, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Ideation and Later Suicide Attempts
Authors: Ialongo Nicholas S. , Koenig‐McNaught Amy L. , Wagner Barry M. , Pearson Jane L. , McCreary Beth K. , Poduska Jeanne , Kellam Sheppard
Published: November 2004

This study attempted to assess whether family demographic characteristics and child aggressive behavior are equal to or better than child self‐reported depressive symptoms in predicting suicidal behavior. Participants were a community population of African Americans first recruited at age 6 and followed periodically through age 19–20. Measures included child self‐reports of depressed mood, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation, teacher reported child aggression in grades 4–6, 6th grade caregiver report of family demographic characteristics, and the participants' report at age 19–20 of suicide attempts. Depressed mood proved the most consistent predictor of adolescent/young adult attempts in our logistic regression analyses of the data from the population as a whole and among females. The relationship between depressed mood and suicide attempts in males was in the expected direction, but was not statistically significant. Teacher‐reported youth aggressive behavior did prove to be a significant predictor of attempts in 4th and 5th grade for the population as a whole, but not in our analyses by gender. The relationships between family demographic characteristics and attempts failed to reach statistical significance, but were, generally, in the expected direction. The study revealed that African American children's self‐reports of depressed mood as early as grade 4 may prove useful in predicting adolescent/young adult suicide attempts, particularly among females. Neither family demographics nor teacher‐reported child aggressive behavior proved equal to child self‐reported depressive symptoms in predicting later suicide attempts.
Suicide Risk Screening in an Urban High School
Authors: Gutierrez Peter M. , Watkins Robin , Collura Dale
Published: November 2004

Qualitative data from an empirical study of adolescent suicide risk were analyzed to examine the screening component built in to a larger protocol. It was determined that a significant number of students were being identified as being in need of follow‐up. Although the majority (88.7%) of students screened met criteria for placement in the no indicators (of risk) category, 3.8% evidenced apparent need of follow‐up, 4.4% qualified for notable concern, and 3.1% were deemed to be at‐risk or in crisis. Several gender and ethnic differences in risk category status are also discussed. The system utilized at the school and examples of the range of interventions utilized are discussed. Evidence for the positive effects of this screening on individual students and the school as a whole are presented. Arguments for the regular use of screening measures in high schools and suggestions for implementation are also given.
The Magdalenian Colonization of Southern Germany
Authors: Jochim Michael , Herhahn Cynthia , Starr Harry
Published: November 2004

Although the topics of migration and colonization have received renewed archaeological attention in recent years, their relevance to the deep past of hunter‐gatherer archaeology has been debated. The Magdalenian colonization of southern Germany after the last glacial maximum, ca. 15,000‐13,000 B.P., presents a case study in which many of the debated issues can be explored. Environmental change and relative demographic pressure played a causal role in population movements, leading to a gradual, discontinuous expansion from the Franco‐cantabrian refugium. Active social strategies to overcome the risks facing frontier groups helped maintain remarkable uniformity in material culture across hundreds of kilometers, despite shifts in subsistence and settlement patterns required in the newly occupied areas, [archaeology. Palaeolithic, Europe, migration]
His African Journey: An Interview with Peter Kubelka
Authors: MacDonald Scott
Published: November 2004

Abstract A conversation with Peter Kubelka, focusing on Our African Journey (Unsere Afrikareise, 1966), his short, brilliantlye dited exposé of colonialism, constructed from sound and image recorded while he was a young filmmaker in the employ of several Austrian businessmen on safari in Africa. Kubelka's revealing stories about the process of shooting the film and his candid discussion of the film's politics bring new light to an avant-garde and documentary classic.
The Emergence of Filmic Artifacts: Cinema and Cinematography in the Digital Era
Authors: Prince Stephen
Published: November 2004

Abstract The tools of digital filmmaking are transforming all aspects of cinema, including production, postproduction, and exhibition. In the process, they are altering the visual characteristics of the moving image and changing the viewer's perceptual understanding of the nature of cinema, leading to the emergence, for the first time in the medium's history, of filmic artifacts.
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics by Tony Bennett/Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums
Authors: Bright Brenda
Published: November 2004

The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. Tony Bennett. New York: Routledge, 1995. + 278 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $19.95 (paper).

Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Carol Duncan. New York: Routledge, 1995. + 178 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.
Radical Reorganization in the Church Universal and Triumphant
Authors: Bozeman John M.
Published: November 2004

Welcome to the second Nova Religio Field Notes column. With this issue, Jeffrey Kaplan assumes his new role as book review editor, and John Bozeman commences as the new Field Notes editor. We will continue the format set in the first issue and spend the first section of the column examining a particular theme or trend. Following this will be various notes, news, and announcements. Please send news and notices to John Bozeman, Department of Religious Studies, Cocke Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, e-mail: jmb5b@virginia.edu.
Celestial Lodge Above: The Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem as a Religious Symbol in Freemasonry
Authors: Beck Guy L.
Published: November 2004

The hangings in the lodge room are blue, spread with golden stars. The Master and all the brothers wear a white robe as well as a blue headband with twelve golden stars on it, tied around their foreheads. The Master sits under a blue canopy on a throne, behind which is a transparent light that is sufficient to illuminate the whole lodge. Facing is a painting or image of a square city, or the celestial Jerusalem, descending from heaven, to crush the remains of the present Jerusalem. A Serpent or hydra with three heads representing the badness of the infidels remains there. This Celestial Jerusalem, elevated as on a cloud, has twelve gates, three on each side with a Tree in the middle that bears twelve different sorts of fruits. Under this is the ancient Jerusalem which is in ruins and overturned, along with the Serpent which is in chains and appearing crushed by the weight of the Celestial Jerusalem. There is a high mountain on one side toward which the candidate (for initiation) is directed by the Warden (the guide), who then retreats backwards, and after a moment of silence, the candidate takes three steps toward the three-headed Serpent and steps on each of the heads. He then advances in a special way toward the city and receives the secret sign, token, and password of the degree. He is also given a crimson sash with twelve golden stars on which hang a square jewel of gold from the right shoulder to the left hip, on one side the letter Alpha and on the other Omega.1
Eschatological Vacillation in Mary Baker Eddy's Presentation of Christian Science
Authors: Simmons John K.
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT: This article clarifies a number of terms used in end-time theology with a view to illuminating the theology of Christian Science. “Eschaton continuum” refers to a range of eschatological expectations in which a prophetic religious leader vacillates between the polar extremes of apocalyptic eschatology and ethical eschatology; and between catastrophic apocalypticism and progressive apocalylpticism. The author tracks the eschatological vacillation in Mary Baker Eddy's conceptualization of Christian Science in the hope of introducing a typology useful in analyzing other emergent religious movements.
The rhetoric of actio and affect in Tacitean indirect discourse
Authors: Utard Régine
Published: November 2004

AbstractIndirect discourse presents problems in that it is speech that has been altered from the oral strategy that is deployed in direct discourse. Most particularly, references to actio seem to be irrelevant since indirect discourse is not a constituent of the context to which it refers. It appears, nevertheless, to be placed in context by references to words and gestures which are derived directly from actio. The gestures that reinforce speech arise from a veritable rhetoric of seduction, especially in respect of their theatricality, and vocal characteristics can be sensed even at the level of phrasing in indirect discourse. This too, therefore, is part of the rhetoric of speech.
Review of Schriftlichkeit und Rhetorik: Das Beispiel Griechenland. Ein Beitrag zur historischen Schriftlichkeitsforschung by Lonni Bahmer
Authors: Lau Dieter
Published: November 2004

REVIEW
Pity in the rhetorical theory and practice of classical Greece
Authors: Gärtner Thomas
Published: November 2004

AbstractDuring the rise and growth of the Greek art of oratory in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. the development of open and systematic techniques for awakening and encouraging a sense of pity can be observed both in rhetoric proper (the ten Attic orators) and in associated literary genres influenced by rhetoric (Historiography and Tragedy). These are classified—most notably by reference to the writings of Plato and Aristotle—in the light of rhetorical theory and significant examples are provided. Three techniques are investigated: (1.) the direct use of instances of pity, without elaboration, (2.) the development of axioms concerning the nature of pity, and (3.) systematic approaches to the awakening of pity.
The Schemata λέξεωσ: A Grammatical and Rhetorical Tool
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero
Published: November 2004

Abstract This article is divided in two parts. In the first, αλλοίωσισ is considered as a figure which in poetry corresponds with solecism in prose just as metaplasm corresponds with barbarism, and the group of figures which is ranged around αλλοίωσισ such as hysteron proteron, hyperbaton, hypallagé is studied. Since αλλοίωσισ means not only a particular figure, but also a group of figures, it is a matter of stylistic tools employed as tags in a more or less mechanical way to achieve special effects. Among Latin grammarians and rhetoricians, hyperbaton became a sort of general trope used to indicate a change in word order. In the second part of the article, some examples ofr hyperbaton are examined, particularly Epistulae 1,20,25 me primis urbis belli placuisse domique to show how the poet has made of this a double reference, making a discreet allusion to his military service in the army of Brutus as well as his friendship with Maecenas and Augustus.
Book Reviews
Authors: Milne Derek
Published: November 2004

Same Sex, Different Cultures: Exploring Gay and Lesbian Lives. Gilbert Herdt. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997. 204pp.
Thinking Anthropologically: A Practical Guide for Students
Authors: Muckle Bob
Published: November 2004

Thinking Anthropologically:. Practical Guide for Students, edited by Philip Carl Salzman and Patricia C. Rice. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Paper. 6″. 9″ 99 pages. ISBN: 0‐13‐183520‐3. approx. 15.00
A Reflection on the George Ranch Conversation
Authors: BLATTI JO
Published: November 2004

This afterword considers the George Ranch roundtable at the 2003 NCPH conference in Houston in the context of Beverly Serrell's work with the Excellent Judges on exhibition review criteria and Marlene Chamber's typology of interpretive exhibit platforms. What are the implications for evolving review criteria that recognize both visitor experiences of exhibits and subjective issues in exhibit design?
Different measures of risk perceptions yield different patterns of interaction for combinations of hazards: smoking, family history and cardiac events
Authors: French David P. , Marteau Theresa M. , Sutton Stephen , Kinmonth Louise
Published: November 2004

Some combinations of hazards yield disease rates greater than would be expected from the risk attributable to each hazard in isolation. However, perceptions are often more consistent with the combined risk being seen as less than the sum of the individual factors, raising concerns over the validity of some measures of risk perception. Here, 249 adults estimated the risk of cardiac events for four hypothetical men, described as having high or low levels of smoking and family history of heart disease. Three distinct measures were used. A 9‐point scale produced a strong sub‐additive interaction, a 101‐point scale produced a weaker sub‐additive interaction, and an unbounded scale produced no interaction. In this study, as in all previous research, scales with relatively few points (here a 9‐point scale) yield sub‐additive interactions. Given the consistency of results yielded by such scales, irrespective of context, it is concluded that these scales are not valid for perceptions of multiple risk factors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction: TGF‐β1 and donor dendritic cells are common key components in donor‐specific blood transfusion and anti‐class II heart graft enhancement, whereas tolerance induction also required inflammatory cytokines down‐regulation (Vol. 31(10) 2001, pp 3111–3120)
Authors: Gagne Katia , Brouard Sophie , Guillet Marina , Cuturi Maria‐Cristina , Soulillou Jean‐Paul
Published: November 2004

In this article, the name of Jean‐Paul Soulillou was unfortunately published incorrectly: the correct spelling is as given here.
Electroosmotic guiding of sample flows in a laminar flow chamber
Authors: Besselink Geert A. J. , Vulto Paul , Lammertink Rob G. H. , Schlautmann Stefan , van den Berg Albert , Olthuis Wouter , Engbers Gerard H. M. , Schasfoort Richard B. M.
Published: November 2004

The so‐called address‐flow principle is described: a valveless, electroosmotically driven technology used for controlling the stream profile in a laminar flow chamber. The method is explained, and a theoretical description and experimental verification are presented. Adjustment of the flow of two electroosmotically controlled guiding streams, running parallel to a central sample stream, can be used for positioning the sample stream in the dimension perpendicular to the flow direction. The results presented show that address‐flow microfluidics allow easy and accurate control of sample stream position and width. The electroosmotic flow (EOF)‐controlled guiding of microfluidic flows described in this paper, is a new unit operation that might aid in separation and collection in microfluidic devices. One possible application of address‐flow microfluidics is guiding of capillary electrophoresis‐separated components over a multisensor array, in order to perform affinity assays.
Performance of electrokinetic supercharging for high‐sensitivity detection of DNA fragments in chip gel electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Zhongqi , Nishine Tsutomu , Arai Akihiro , Hirokawa Takeshi
Published: November 2004

Chip gel electrophoresis was explored for high‐sensitivity detection of DNA by combining electrokinetic injection with transient isotachophoresis preconcentration (here named electrokinetic supercharging (EKS)). Low concentrations (0.2 mg/L) of DNA sample could be detected without fluorescence labeling using a conventional UV detector (at 260 nm). On a single‐channel microchip, identification of PCR product was performed by exploiting both external and internal calibration methods. The deviation between the two calibration methods was about 3.6%, and the identified DNA fragment size matched with the predicted size of the template DNA. On the cross microchip the EKS preconcentration has also been achieved when changing the injection reservoir differing from the one used previously. The procedure was computer‐simulated and the influence of the voltage applied to two‐side reservoirs on sample preconcentration and dilution was also discussed.
Separation of proteins by zone electrophoresis on‐line coupled with isotachophoresis on a column‐coupling chip with conductivity detection
Authors: Ölvecká Eva , Kaniansky Dušan , Pollák Branislav , Stanislawski Bernd
Published: November 2004

This feasibility study deals with the separations of proteins by an on‐line combination of zone electrophoresis (ZE) with isotachophoresis (ITP) on a poly(methylmethacrylate) column‐coupling (CC) chip with integrated conductivity detection. ITP and ZE provided specific analytical functions while performing the cationic mode of the separation. ITP served, mainly, for concentrations of proteins and its concentrating power was beneficial in reaching a low dispersion transfer (injection) of the proteinous constituents, loaded on the CC chip in a 960 nL volume, into the ZE separation stage. This was complemented by an electrophoretically driven removal of the sample constituents migrating in front of the focused proteins from the separation system before the ZE separation. On the other hand, ZE served as a final separation (destacking) method and it was used under the separating conditions providing the resolutions and sensitive conductivity detections of the test proteins. In this way, ITP and ZE cooperatively contributed to low‐ or sub‐μg/mL concentration detectabilities of proteins and their quantitations at 1–5 μg/mL concentrations. However, a full benefit in concentration detectabilities of proteins, expected from the use of the ITP–ZE combination, was not reached in this work. Small adsorption losses of proteins and detection disturbances in the ZE stage of separation, very likely due to trace constituents concentrated by ITP, appear to set limits in the detection of proteins in our experiments. The ITP–ZE separations were carried out in a hydrodynamically closed separation compartment of the chip with suppressed hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flows of the electrolyte solutions. Such transport conditions, minimizing fluctuations of the migration velocities of the separated constituents, undoubtedly contributed to highly reproducible migrations of the separated proteins (fluctuations of the migration time of a particular protein were typically 0.5% RSD in repeated ITP–ZE runs).
Electrokinetic pumping and detection of low‐volume flows in nanochannels
Authors: Mela Petra , Tas Niels R. , Berenschot Erwin J. W. , van Nieuwkasteele Jan , van den Berg Albert
Published: November 2004

Electrokinetic pumping of low‐volume rates was performed on‐chip in channels of small cross sectional area and height in the sub‐μm range. The flow was detected with the current monitoring technique by monitoring the change in resistance of the fluid in the channel upon the electroosmosis‐driven displacement of an electrolyte solution by a second electrolyte solution. Flow rates in the order of 0.1 pL/s were successfully generated and detected. The channels were fabricated with the sacrificial layer technology.
Unsteady transport phenomena in free‐flow electrophoresis – prerequisite of ultrafast sample cleaning in microfluidic devices
Authors: Klepárník Karel , Otevřel Marek
Published: November 2004

The evolution partial differential equations describing the transport processes induced by hydrodynamic flow in free‐flow electrophoresis (FFE) are solved by the generalized dispersion theory. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that the central injection of solutes into a relatively fast hydrodynamic flow enables to transport them to the channel outlet well before they are spread through the width of the channel and their migration is negatively affected by a contact with walls. In this case, the axial zone spreading decreases by increasing the linear velocity of hydrodynamic flow. The resulting dependencies of convective and dispersion coefficients on the velocity of flow and parameters of the separation channel show the optimum separation conditions with respect to resolution and analysis time. Due to the unsteady character of transport processes, effective FFE separations can potentially be performed in a microfluidic device in seconds. This is a reasonable time to separate low‐molecular mass impurities in the electric field. Thus, a fast and efficient sample cleaning before subsequent analysis by electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) or another separation method can be performed.
Semiquantitative determination of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice by reverse‐ transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis – laser induced fluorescence using microchip technology
Authors: Funes‐Huacca Maribel , Correia de Almeida Regitano Luciana , Mueller Odilo , Carrilho Emanuel
Published: November 2004

The semiquantitative detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrrestris in orange juice by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with a linear dynamic range of 2×105– 2 colony forming units (CFU)/mL in terms of cell count is described. Separation, detection, and quantification of the RT‐PCR products were accomplished using the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer in conjunction with the DNA 1000 LabChip kit. After 0 and 12 h of enrichment, it was possible to generate a linear standard curve between the amount of cells and amplicon concentration of RT‐PCR and PCR products. Using this method, cell diminution was verified in samples of orange juice treated with a natural inhibitor (Sapindus saponaria), determining the persistence of viable cells. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR using the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer is a potentially useful approach for rapid in vitro determination of A. acidoterrestris and monitoring of inhibitor susceptibility for the orange juice‐producing industry.
Wall coating for capillary electrophoresis on microchips
Authors: Dolník Vladislav
Published: November 2004

This review article with 116 references describes recent developments in the preparation of wall coatings for capillary electrophoresis (CE) on a microchip. It deals with both dynamic and permanent coatings and concentrates on the most frequently used microchip materials including glass, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(dimethyl siloxane), polycarbonate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol). Characterization of the channel surface by measuring electroosmotic mobility and water contact angle of the surface is included as well. The utility of the microchips with coated channels is demonstrated by examples of CE separations on these chips.
Book Review: Protein‐Protein Interactions: Methods and Applications. By Haian Fu (Ed.)
Authors: Heegaard Niels
Published: November 2004

No abstracts.
Understanding the Fisher equation
Authors: Sun Yixiao , Phillips Peter C. B.
Published: November 2004

It is argued that univariate long memory estimates based on ex post data tend to underestimate the persistence of ex ante variables (and, hence, that of the ex post variables themselves) because of the presence of unanticipated shocks whose short‐run volatility masks the degree of long‐range dependence in the data. Empirical estimates of long‐range dependence in the Fisher equation are shown to manifest this problem and lead to an apparent imbalance in the memory characteristics of the variables in the Fisher equation. Evidence in support of this typical underestimation is provided by results obtained with inflation forecast survey data and by direct calculation of the finite sample biases.

To address the problem of bias, the paper introduces a bivariate exact Whittle (BEW) estimator that explicitly allows for the presence of short memory noise in the data. The new procedure enhances the empirical capacity to separate low‐frequency behaviour from high‐frequency fluctuations, and it produces estimates of long‐range dependence that are much less biased when there is noise contaminated data. Empirical estimates from the BEW method suggest that the three Fisher variables are integrated of the same order, with memory parameter in the range (0.75, 1). Since the integration orders are balanced, the ex ante real rate has the same degree of persistence as expected inflation, thereby furnishing evidence against the existence of a (fractional) cointegrating relation among the Fisher variables and, correspondingly, showing little support for a long‐run form of Fisher hypothesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The substrate specificity and susceptibility to wheat inhibitor proteins of Penicillium funiculosum xylanases from a commercial enzyme preparation
Authors: Furniss Caroline SM , Williamson Gary , Kroon Paul A
Published: November 2004

Filamentous fungi produce a range of carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes, in particular hemicellulases, that are often exploited by the baking, brewing and feed industries. Controlled xylan degradation is a key component in several industrial processes, in which the efficiency of xylanases (endo‐1,4‐β‐D‐xylan hydrolases) depends on both their substrate specificity and their susceptibility to inhibitors present in the plant material. The three major xylanases present in a commercial hemicellulase product derived from a Penicillium funiculosum fermentation broth were characterized with respect to their substrate specificity and interaction with three known xylanase inhibitor proteins (XIP‐I, TAXI I and TAXI II) present in wheat flour. XYNA (48 kDa) and XYNB (22 kDa) have significant sequence similarity with family 7 cellobiohydrolases and family 11 xylanases respectively (previous studies), while XYND (36 kDa) has similarity with family 10 xylanases (this paper). All three enzymes hydrolysed various heteroxylan substrates, including birchwood xylan and soluble wheat arabinoxylan, at 30 °C and pH 5.5. XYNA was strongly inhibited by XIP‐I, TAXI I and TAXI II (Ki = 106, 46 and 46 nM respectively); XYNB was only significantly inhibited by TAXI I (Ki = 165 nM). In each case the inhibition of XYNA and XYNB was competitive. XYND was only inhibited by XIP‐I but, in contrast to XYNA and XYNB, the apparent inhibition was dependent on the order that xylanase, inhibitor and substrate were added to the incubation mixture; the inhibition was weak when incubations were initiated by addition of xylanase (to a mixture of substrate and XIP‐I), but was very strong when enzyme and XIP‐I were pre‐incubated before addition of substrate. These findings demonstrate that the susceptibility of individual xylanases to inhibitor proteins present in cereals is likely to be a critical factor in determining their efficiency in various commercial applications. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Free amino acids and volatile compounds in vinegars obtained from different types of substrate
Authors: Valero Eva , Berlanga Teresa M , Roldán Pedro M , Jiménez Carlos , García Isidoro , Mauricio Juan C
Published: November 2004

The present work reports on the free amino acids and volatile compounds in vinegars obtained from different types of raw materials (cider, white wine and red wine). Based on the amino acid contents of three types of vinegar and of the substrates from which they were obtained, the profile of the nitrogen‐supplying compounds and their uptake for the acetic acid bacteria were very similar. The most important amino acid in terms of supply and uptake was found to be L‐leucine. L‐Proline proved also important in the wine vinegars, however it was not depleted as L‐leucine. The different acetification reactions involved were found to yield acetoin, and plus 1,1‐diethoxyethane in the wine vinegars. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry