bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of histone cluster 1, H2bn in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2021

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding histone cluster 1, H2bn, HIST1H2BN, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). HIST1H2BN was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). HIST1H2BN mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of HIST1H2BN in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of HIST1H2BN was correlated with overall survival in patients with mesenchymal stem-like subtype disease. HIST1H2BN may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
PENDIDIKAN IMAN KRISTEN SERTA PENDEKATAN ANAK DALAM LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA
Authors: Rosnaminarti
Published: December 2021

AbstrakKeluarga adalah pendidikan pertama bagi perkembanagan kepribadian anak. Pada dasarnya karakter anak dapat terbentuk dari dalam kelurga itu sendiri.Banyak orang tua yang beranggapan bahwa pendidikan anak hanya di sekolah dan di gereja saja sehingga orang tua lalai dalam menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pendidik anak dalam rumah tangga. Orang tua tidak sadar bahwa dialah yang sangat berperan sebagai guru untuk anak di rumah maupun di luar rumah.Banyak keluarga yang tidak paham akan pentingnya pendidikan anak, sehingga sering mengabaikan mendidik anak di rumah.Kata kunci : iman; guru; anak; keluarga; lingkungan
Differential expression of centromere protein A in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2021

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding centromere protein A, CENPA, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). CENPA was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). CENPA mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CENPA in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal-like and luminal A type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of CENPA was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like 1 subtype disease. CENPA may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Pemanfaatan Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Platform Youtube di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Putri Martuti
Published: December 2021

Video pembelajaran merupakan media pembelajaran audiovisual yang menyajikan konten. Video tutorial digunakan untuk membantu siswa memahami materi. Video edukasi menyajikan gambar dan suara dengan unsur gerak. Oleh karena itu, video pembelajaran dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar yang menarik bagi siswa. Selain itu, siswa termotivasi untuk belajar dengan video pembelajaran. Inovasi pembelajaran dilakukan untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran. Inovasi pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dalam media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran online sangat penting untuk menunjang pembelajaran online (jaringan), terutama di masa pandemi COVID-19. Pembelajaran online membutuhkan kemandirian siswa dan guru karena keterbatasan ruang dan waktu. Siswa dapat dengan mudah mengakses media pembelajaran online menggunakan media sosial seperti Youtube .
Menemukenali kunci pendidikan kristen bagi anak dalam keluarga dan pembelajaran agama di sekolah
Authors: Abu Irma , Abu Irma
Published: December 2021

Ketika kita mendidik anak baik dalam Rumah tangga tentu orang tua itu mendidik dengan penuh kasih sayang untuk lebih mengenal akan lebih mengenal Allah karena apa yang akan di pelajari di masa kanak-kanak di bawah ke masa Tuanya nanti untuk menjadi bekal dan menambah ilmu pengetahuan tentang Alkitab dan juga dapat menambah motivasi anak-anak untuk belajar meskipun masih ada peserta didik yang belum termotivasi tetapi secara keseluruhan selalunya mengalami peningkatan Anak-anak juga perlu mendapat pengajaran dari sekolah bukan cuman di rumah untuk menambah wawasan mereka dan lebih dalam akan mengenal akan Kristus di sekolah itu anak-anak yang di anut-anut oleh masyarakat karena itu di selenggarakan oleh masyarakat tidak memihak,di sekolah juga anak-anak akan lebih menambah ilmu yang tidak tahu sudah menjadi tau,apaayang akan di kasih guru itu bisa di praktekkan baik di rumah maupun dalam masyarakat sebagai anak-anak kristen
PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK-ANAK DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI
Authors: TIKA NURANI
Published: December 2021

The development of children's character education in everyday life has a goal, namely to find out what parents or adults should do in developing character education in children, so that children can have good character starting from life. everyday life in their environment, as well as parents or families and the environment realize that the development of character education is very important for children which must be done from an early age. Because the development of character education in children is not a young thing because children imitate the people around them. Thus, the formation of a strong character is important for child protection because later it will provide protection for children to be able to fend off all negative or bad things, both from within and from outside so that they become children who have character so that they can act. right in his life.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENDIDIK ANAK DI ERA DIGITAL PADA MASA KINI
Authors: Fransiska Elionora
Published: December 2021

Kajian dalam tulisan ini memberikan arti bahwa dalam Teknologi di Era di gital saat ini banyak memberikan dampak positif dan negatifnya bagi anak. Peran orang tua dalam menanggapi Teknologi pada masa sekarang sangat penting dalam mengawasi anak dalam menggunakan Teknologi, orang tua harus lebih menanamkan sikap disiplin kepada anak mereka, bukan hanya dalam lingkup sekolah saja tetapi peran gereja juga sangat di butuhkan dalam menangapi hal tersebut, dimana arahan-arahan yang untuk membatasi pemakaian alat di gital kepada anak-anak di era sekarang.
ARTIKEL E-LEARNING MATERI MENILAI KARYA MELALUI RESENSI
Authors: Fitri Suci Nur Aini Syah
Published: December 2021

Dalam kontek belajar daring di masa pandemi covid-19, kualitas belajar tidak di harapkan menurun tetapi terus meningkat. Jika kualitas belajar menurun, maka dapat memberikan dampak mutu capaian belajar wawasan dan pengalamannya (Zulhafizh, Atmazaki, & Syahrul (2013). Kegiatan belajar berupaya memberikan pengalaman kepada peserta didik sehingga terjadi penambahan wawasan dan pengalaman. Wawasan dan pengalaman sebagai pendukung dan pengarah peserta didik untuk menjadi lebih baik (Zulhafizh (2020). Setiap peserta didik yang belajar mengharapkan adanya pengalaman dan informasi yang ia dapatkan dari kegiatan belajar mengajar. Seluruh rangkaian aktivitas yang di desain guru bagian penting yang tidak terpisahkan dari pengalaman yang akan di dapatkan oleh peserta didik (Zulhafizh (2021). Menilai merupakan suatu tanggapan atau komentar seseorang dalam hal yang di ketahui. Dalam melakukan penilaian di butuhkan adanya suatu barang atau benda yang ingin di nilai seseorang tersebut. Resensi merupakan teks berisi sebuah kritik, evaluasi, atau review pada karya cipta intelektual. Resensi memiliki tingkat kesulitan tinggi. Pasalnya, resensi adalah teks yang dihasilkan dari sebuah analisis mendalam terhadap satu hal dengan melibatkan berbagai hal sebagai pertimbangan, sehingga menghadirkan penilaian yang adil dan rasional dari teks itu dan memiliki struktur penulisan baku (Hamidulloh (2020). Resensi adalah pertimbangan baik buruknya suatu karya. Dalam meresensi sebuah buku, haruslah objektif, sesuai dengan kualitas isi buku.
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK
Authors: purnamasari Ayu
Published: December 2021

Perempuan dalam keluarga mengarah kepada seorang istri, ibu atau anak. Namun kali inipenjelasan saya tentang perempuan lebih mengarah kepada seorang ibu. Dalam pandangan masyarakat, perempuan terkesan sebagai orang yang hanya mampu mengurus rumah dan anakanak ternyata juga memiliki peran luar biasa dan dapat memberi pengaruh yang besar bagi anak dalam keluarga. Jelas terlihat bahwa memang perempuan memiliki kedudukan yang penting dalam keluarga terutama sebagai seorang ibu. Ia dapat menjadi teladan bagi anak-anaknya lewat setiap tindakan dan perilakunya. Karakter seorang anak akan terbentuk lewat perilaku yang ia terima terutama dalam keluarganya. Terutama saat ini sudah banyak pangaruh-pengaruh buruk yang datang dari luar seperti kebudayaan dan juga dari media sosial. Perempuan dalam hal ini ibu, memiliki julukan sebagai seorang panutan dalam keluarga terutama bagi anak-anaknya harus mampu mengarahkan anak-anaknya dalam bertindak terutama saat menggunakan media sosial.
Pola kepemimpinan laki laki dan perempuan dalam ruang lingkup gereja
Authors: Milgasrial
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang sistem kepemimpinan antara laki laki dan perempuan dalam suatu komunitas Gereja.Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui sampai dimana kekuatan Gereja dalam memandang seorang pemimpin.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Listikal Enia
Published: December 2021

untuk memenuhi tugas metodologi penelitian
Implementasi Pendidikan Kristen Bagi Anak Dalam Keluarga dan Pembelajaran Agama di Sekolah
Authors: Kaseroan Yunita
Published: December 2021

Tujuan pendidikan agama Kristen kepada anak adalah untuk mengajarkan tentang hubungannya dengan Tuhan serta ciptaanNya. Pendidikan agama Kristen dapat dilakukan dalam keluarga, sekolah dan tempat ibadah tanpa dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Pembelajaran tentang agama Kristen bagi anak sangat penting diterapkan pada zaman sekarang ini. oleh karena itu, keluarga merupakan lingkungan yang paling pertama dan terutama dalam melakukan pembentukan sosial terhadap anak. Jadi peran orang tua dalam mengasuh anak-anak sangatlah penting, bukan hanya anak mengalami pertumbuhan didalam keluarga, tetapi seluruh anggota keluarga dapat saling belajar dari yang lain melalui interaksi yang dilakukan satu sama lain. bukan hanya melalui keluarga pembelajaran pendidikan Kristen bagi anak dilakukan tetapi juga harus dilaksanakan di lingkungan sekolah melalui pembelajaran.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK BACA PUISI BAGI SISWA MELALUI SEJUMLAH FITUR APLIKASI DI ANDROID PADA SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Authors: MULZIANI
Published: December 2021

Proses pembelajaran online yang dilakukan menyeluruh di semua jenjang pendidikan merupakan suatu kebiasaan baru yang harus dijalani. Banyak penyesuaian dan pembaruan turut dirasakan oleh guru dan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran online karena lebih banyak memanfaatkan peran teknologi. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia bukan sekedar mata pelajaran yang bersifat teori semata, namun juga mengedepankan aspek kognitif, psikomor dan afektif yang dapat menambah wawasan dan juga keterampilan siswa. Salah satu materi yang sangat mengedepankan aspek-aspek tersebut adalah pembelajaran baca puisi. Pembelajaran ini bersifat praktik sebagai bentuk implementasi dari teori yang telah dipelajari. Menurut Endang (2015:54), dalam membaca puisi titik sentuhnya adalah membaca di depan umum. Sekalipun membaa teks pada saat baca puisi, pembeca puisi harus menampilkan puisinya dengan mimic, pantomimic dan teknik vocal. Artinya, titik fokus baca puisi hanyalah membaca bukan menghafal dengan memperhatikan kaidah yang berlaku. Berbeda dengan pandangan Atmazaki dan Hasanuddin W.S (1990), mendeskripsikan bahwa membaca puisi merupakan satu upaya dalam menyampaikan isi perasaan dan pikiran yang terkandung dalam puisi kepada orang lain supaya mereka dapat memahami dan mampu menikmati apa yang terkandung dalam puisi itu. Dalam proses pembacaan puisi, seseorang tidak akan pernah lepas dari yang namanya vokal, intonasi dan ekspresi sebagai pendukung penyampaian emosi dan pesan kepada orang lain. Hal ini sangat sejalan dengan pendapat Mohd. Harun (2018:196), bahwa ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh seorang pembaca puisi yakni (1) penafsiran (2) kesiapan mental (3) artikulasi, intonasi, irama, volume dan modulasi. Berdasarkan penjabaran di atas diketahui bahwa banyak sekali ketentuan yang ada dalam pembelajaran baca puisi, sehingga pembelajaran baca puisi secara online pada masa pandemi tentunya memberikan sedikit kesulitan baik bagi guru maupun peserta didik. Dalam hal ini, sebagai pihak sentral, seorang guru dituntut memiliki kemampuan menguasai teknologi seperti komputer beserta media pendukung yang terdapat padanya, agar mampu menjawab arus tantangan zaman terutama dalam menciptakan inovasi pembelajaran bagi siswa.
Menjadi Pelayan Tuhan yang Setia dan Bertanggung Jawab
Authors: Sulastri
Published: December 2021

Pelayanan adalah panggilan yang harus ditunaikann oleh semua orang percaya. Melayani Tuhan adalah sikap lewat pikiran, perkataan dan perbuatan yang sesuai dengan keinginan Tuhan. Memberi tempat bagi Tuhan untuk berkarya dalam kehidupan adalah bagian dari pelayanan kepada Tuhan. Pelayanan tidak harus dilakukan di dalam gereja atau berbicara di depan orang banyak, tapi pelayanan juga adalah tentang sikap mendisiplinkan diri dan melakukan keinginan Tuhan dalam hidup kita. Pelayan Tuhan juga dapat diartikan sebagai seorang pemimpin. Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan adalah dua hal yang memiliki perbedaan. Pemimpin adalah seseorang yang melakukan fungsi memimpin, sementara kepemimpinan adalah proses dan tindakan pemimpin untuk memimpin. Dalam penulisan ini, memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pentingnya pekerjaan dan teladan seorang pelayan Tuhan kepada Tuhan dan jemaat. seorang pelayan, harus terlibat dalam pelayanan dalam keluarga, gereja, sekolah, masyarakat, dan bahkan negara. Pekerjaan yang patut diteladani yang tidak mengenal lelah, batas dan waktu adalah menggembalakan domba.
EXEMPLARY PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN IMAN BAGI ANAK DALAM KELUARGA DAN PEMBELAJARAN AGAMA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: pasarrin Friska
Published: December 2021

Education The faith of children in the family is of very high quality, starting with religion begins to appear in human life. Faith education for children in the family stem from the fellowship of God’s people in the Bible, especially in the old Testament. So basically it is already contained in ancient sacred history. Let children be taught, starting from the formation of the child’s mindset, because children are an important group in the Christian church.
PENDIDIKAN IMAN, KARAKTER SERTA PENDEKATAN KONSELING DALAM PENGENDALIAN DIRI
Authors: Kinda Resti
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Kajian dalam tulisan ini hendak membahas mengenai pendidikan yang membentuk karakter seseorang serta iman dan pengendalian diri dalam pengembanga pendidikan kristiani. Di zaman sekarang ini, pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan untuk membentuk karakter seseorang baik dalam mempertahankan imannya serta untuk mengendalikan diri dari berbagai problematika yang terjadi. Iman kristen merupakan suatu kepercayaan kepada Kristus Yesus yang harus kita miliki. Pendekatan konseling juga merupakan bentuk perhatian yang diberikan terhadap orang-orang termasuk anak dalam mendidik mereka untuk menyikapi perkembangan di era teknologi digital.
Taking A Closer Look At The Bayesian Truth Serum: A Registered Report
Authors: Schönegger Philipp , Verheyen Steven
Published: December 2021

Over the past decades, psychology and its cognate disciplines have undergone substantial reform, ranging from advances in statistical methodology to significant changes in academic norms. One aspect of experimental design that has received comparatively little attention is incentivisation, i.e. the way that participants are rewarded and incentivised monetarily for their participation. While incentive-compatible designs are in use in disciplines like economics, the majority of studies in psychology and experimental philosophy are constructed such that individuals’ incentives to maximise their payoffs in many cases counteract their incentives to state their true preferences honestly. This is in part because the subject matter is often self-report data about subjective topics. One mechanism that allows for the introduction of an incentive-compatible design in such circumstances is the Bayesian Truth Serum (Prelec, 2004), which rewards participants based on how surprisingly common their answer are. Recently, Schoenegger (2021) applied this mechanism in the context of Likert-scale self-reports, finding that the introduction of this mechanism significantly altered response behaviour. In this registered report, we further investigate this mechanism by (i) replicating the original result and (ii) teasing out whether the effect may be explainable by an increase in expected earnings or the addition of a prediction task. We take this project to help introduce incentivisation mechanisms into fields where they were not widely used before.
Jurnal Aplikasi Matlab Pada Integral Lipat Dua
Authors: Lase Kathrin Nissiputri
Published: December 2021

Matematika adalah salah satu ilmu yang mempunyai fungsi penting di berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Pada program studi Matematika, kalkulus merupakan mata kuliah yang sering dijumpai permasalahan integral, khususnya integral lipat dua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal integral lipat dua dan membandingkan proses pengerjaan dengan menggunakan Matlab. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan Matlab dapat lebih cepat, mudah dan efisien dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika dibandingkan dengan penyelesaian secara manual. Karena tingkat kesalahan perhitungan dalam penyelesaian secara manual lebih mudah terjadi, sehingga tak jarang harus mengerjakan ulang dari awal hingga mendapatkan hasil yang benar-benar akurat. Oleh karena itu, Matlab disarankan sebagai salah satu software yang baik untuk digunakan dalam memahami materi, khususnya matematika.
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Al-Makassary
Authors: Badar Nurmin
Published: December 2021

Syekh Yusuf Tajul Khalwati adalah Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia yang memimpin pemberontakan dari Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan.Pada 1683, ia bersama Pangeran Purbaya dan Pangeran Kidul bergerilya untuk melawan Belanda di Tangerang. Karena Syekh Yusuf Tajul Khalwati dianggap menyulitkan Belanda, ia dibuang ke Sri Lanka yang kemudian dipindah ke Cape Town, Afrika Selatan.
Timing of oil expulsion from source rocks and a revitalization of the pre-1970 model
Authors: Bjørkum Per Arne
Published: December 2021

New data from North Sea Upper Jurassic source rock samples show no decline in the total amount of organic matter (TOC) within the oil expulsion window between 120 and 150°C which is a key prediction by today’s model for oil expulsion. However, today’s model for oil expulsion is not consistent with either subsurface source rock TOC data or chemical attributes of shallow oils. Instead, these data are more consistent with oil expulsion occurring at much lower temperatures and shallower depths, more similar to models advocated by most oil explorers prior to 1970 where the oil was assumed to have expelled at burial depths less than ~2km. In this paper, main oil expulsion has been determined to be take place at burial depths less than 1km and approximately 30°C. The oil is mobilized by CO2 gas which is generated from decomposing organic matter and is predicted to migrate out of the source rock and into nearby high-permeable rocks via horizontal fractures that originate from loadbearing swelling organic lamina and in a direction towards decreasing overburden. The thermally immature (heavy) oil is then converted to light crude within the reservoir oil starting at 60-70°C by hydrogenation. Hydrogen gas is common in subsurface fluids and is provided to pooled oil from coalification of organic matter in mudstones. Thus, if the supply of hydrogen is limited, in-reservoir thermal upgrading will be hampered. In this model, most of the heavy oil accumulations encountered are immature rather than due to biodegradation of mature oil at low temperatures.
A review of benchmark experiments for the validation of peridynamics models
Authors: Diehl Patrick
Published: December 2021

Peridynamics (PD), a non-local generalization of classical continuum mechanics (CCM) allowing for discontinuous displacement fields, provides an attractive framework for the modeling and simulation of fracture mechanics applications. However, PD introduces new model parameters, such as the so-called horizon parameter. The length scale of the horizon is a priori unknown and need to be identified. Moreover, the treatment of the boundary conditions is also problematic due to the non-local nature of PD models. It has thus become crucial to calibrate the new PD parameters and assess the model adequacy based on experimental observations. The objective of the present paper is to review and catalog available experimental set-ups that have been used to date for the calibration and validation of peridynamics. We have identified and analyzed a total of 39 publications that compare PD-based simulation results with experimental data. In particular, we have systematically reported, whenever possible, either the relative error or the R-squared coefficient. The best correlations were obtained in the case of experiments involving aluminum and steel materials. Experiments based on imaging techniques were also considered. However, images provide large amounts of information and their comparison with simulations is in that case far from trivial. A total of 6 publications have been identified and summarized, that introduce numerical techniques for extracting additional attributes from peridynamics simulations in order to facilitate the comparison against image-based data.
Psychology and Law, Meet Open Science
Authors: McAuliff Bradley David , Fessinger Melanie B. , Perillo Anthony , Perillo Jennifer Torkildson
Published: December 2021

As the field of psychology and law begins to embrace more transparent and accessible science, many questions arise about what open science actually is and how to do it. In this chapter, we contextualize this reform by examining fundamental concerns about psychological research—irreproducibility and replication failures, false-positive errors, and questionable research practices—that threaten its validity and credibility. Next, we turn to psychology’s response by reviewing the concept of open science and explaining how to implement specific practices—preregistration, registered reports, open materials/data/code, and open access publishing—designed to make research more transparent and accessible. We conclude by weighing the implications of open science for the field of psychology and law, specifically with respect to how we conduct and evaluate research, as well as how we train the next generation of psychological scientists and share scientific findings in applied settings.
How competition modulates risky decision making? Evidence from event-related oscillations (EROs) and event-related potentials (ERPs)
Authors: Zhang Ming-Chen
Published: December 2021

The current research proposal envisages designing three experiments (the flow chart see Figure 6). While both the experimental approach and the design have their strengths and limitations, they will complement one another. In study 1, I sought to investigate the rewards and losses sensitivity under monetary and social competitive context by using two edited versions of classic experimental paradigms (the doors task and the island getaway task) and manipulating two ambiguity competitive contexts in order to adapt the invisible competitive pressure in the real society (Levinson et al., 2017). In study 2 and study 3, I intend to use the monetary and social BART to measure the risk preference under monetary-drive and social-drive competition. Study 2 will focus primarily on one-on-one competitive context while study 3 will replicate the similar influence in multi-people competition. In these two studies, social reference points will be considered as an important moderator in both monetary and social competition. The distance (far and near) of social reference points will also be included in these two studies.
Human latent-state generalization through prototype learning with discriminative attention
Authors: Pettine Warren Woodrich , Raman Dhruva V. , Redish A. David , Murray John D.
Published: December 2021

Latent causes that give rise to experience are encountered in complex, high-dimensional feature spaces. How then do people approximate the external world with lower-dimensional internal representations that generalize to novel examples or contexts? Theories suggest internal representations could be determined by discriminative boundaries, or based on the distance from prototypes/exemplars. We developed theoretical models that use both discriminative and prototype/exemplar components to form internal representations via action-reward feedback. We then developed three new latent-state learning tasks to test human use of discrimination attention and prototypes/exemplars. The majority of subjects attended to discriminative features, as well as the covariance of features within a prototype. A minority of subjects relied on a single discriminative feature. Behavior of all subjects was captured by a model that forms prototype representations and deploys context-specific discriminative attention. These results provide insights into the human ability to generalize across causal latent states learned in high-dimensional environments.
Perception of opposite-direction motion in random dot kinematograms
Authors: Bae Gi-Yeul , Luck Steven J
Published: December 2021

Computational models for motion perception suggest a possibility that read-out of motion signal can yield the perception of opposite direction of the true stimulus motion direction. However, this possibility was not obvious in a standard 2AFC motion discrimination (e.g., leftward vs.rightward). By allowing the motion direction to vary over 360° in typical random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) displays, and by asking observers to estimate the exact direction of motion, we were able to detect the presence of opposite-direction motion perception in RDKs.This opposite-direction motion perception was replicable across multiple display types andfeedback conditions, and participants had greater confidence in their opposite-direction responses than in true guess responses. When we fed RDKs into a computational model of motion processing, we found that the model estimated substantial motion activity in the direction opposite to the coherent stimulus direction, even though no such motion was objectively present in the stimuli, suggesting that the opposite-direction motion perception may be a consequenceof the properties of motion-selective neurons in visual cortex. Together, these results demonstrate that the perception of opposite-direction motion in RDKs is consistent with the known properties of the visual system.
The Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) as a resource for investigating neighbourhood peer effects: A case study using natural experiment(s) in fertility and labour market participation
Authors: Zhang Meng Le
Published: December 2021

Our neighbours can potentially influence our behaviour. For instance, poor health behaviours amongst neighbours may normalise and reinforce our poor health behaviours. This is an example of a peer effect. Imitative behaviour can cause small initial changes in individual behaviour to spread amongst their social networks and result in a social multiplier effect. Understanding the size and mechanisms behind the social multiplier effect allows for more effective health interventions. It also helps us understand why persistent health inequalities exist across different neighbourhoods and social groups.In an ideal experiment, we would randomly allocate people into treatment and control groups and change the behaviours of persons A in the treatment group (directly or through incentives). Then we would observe the effects of changes in person A's behaviour on their neighbour person B. This ideal experiment is practically and (possibly) ethically unfeasible. Furthermore, data on a large enough sample of people and their neighbours is very expensive to collect.Instead of a normal experiment, we can use natural experiments which change person A's behaviour. In this paper, we use a well-known natural experiment that affects women's fertility and, indirectly, their labour market participation. Furthermore, data on people and their neighbours are available from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS).The Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) is a longitudinal study consisting of 28% of the NI census and roughly 50% of all households. The NILS is linked to a database of all addressable properties in NI which include the coordinates of residences. In theory, NILS contains a large sample of households in NI and their close neighbours that can be used for studying peer effects.This project is a proof of concept for studying peer effects using NILS. If any random intervention exists (e.g. natural, quasi- or actual randomised trial) then NILS can always be used to study peer effects (amongst neighbours). This is significant because peer effects are notoriously hard to study due data limitations and a large number of credible natural experiments exist in health research. This project's contribution is the discovery that NILS almost uniquely placed as resource for studying peer effects in the UK.
Understanding the market drivers behind the reduced demand for ivory products in Japan
Authors: Thomas-Walters Laura , Morkel Benoit , KUBO Takahiro , ’t Sas-Rolfes Michael , Smith Robert J. , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: December 2021

1.Reducing demand for wildlife products has been recognised as an important global priority, especially with fears that there are expanding markets for certain taxa. However, consumer demand is a complicated phenomenon and as with many conservation issues, it can involve numerous interacting biological, social, political and socio-economic factors, operating at a range of scales and time periods (Margoluis et al., 2009; Knight et al., 2019). 2.The demand for elephant ivory is an excellent illustration of the gaps in our current knowledge. Although it is well-documented that Japan is no longer a significant destination consumer market for ivory products, as it was in the 1980’s, we have limited insights into how consumer behaviour and attitudes influenced ivory sales. This is partly because post-hoc evaluations of such complex systems are difficult when relying on traditional quantitative methods. We used General Elimination Methodology and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to provide a richer understanding of consumer behavioural change in Japan. 3.We identified the two biggest market drivers, the CITES international trade ban and economic recession, as well as a range of minor drivers and enabling conditions. These included respect for government authority, the passive nature of demand for ivory, and a general cultural shift away from conspicuous consumption. We also ruled out purported influences that are unlikely to have had an impact, such as pressure from eminent people. 4.This case study highlights the potentially important role of theory-based qualitative evaluations in conservation. Adopting this new approach will help us move away from debates about whether a single intervention caused a particular outcome, instead recognising that there are likely to be multiple contributing factors driven by interactions between different actors. In doing so, we can challenge current simplistic narratives and gain a more nuanced understanding of conservation interventions.
Arcabouço de Comunicação Publish/Subscribe para a Coleta de Dados de Aplicações Médicas
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriele , Martins Joberto S. B.
Published: December 2021

Medical applications are increasingly using computing resources such as IoT sensors and network communications paradigms. An e-Health application requires a basic set of elements such as sensors, a communication framework, and a network structure adapted to the application's specific requirements. This work expands and develops a framework based on the Publish / Subscribe paradigm to develop PSIoT-Health. The PSIoT-Health framework focuses on medical applications that collect data produced in a distributed manner. The PSIoT-Health adapts the Pub/Sub model to the requirements of medical applications and proposes a solution for the production and consumption of data between producers and consumers of medical data in a distributed environment such as the one existing in a smart city.
Failure Analysis of Medical Devices
Authors: Bowers Matthew , Ganot Gabriel , Malito Louis , Kondori Babak , Ezechukwu Anyanwu , Svedlund Felicia , James Brad
Published: December 2021

Bearing in mind the three-legged stool approach of device design/manufacturing, patient factors, and surgical technique, this article aims to inform the failure analyst of the metallurgical and materials engineering aspects of a medical device failure investigation. It focuses on the device "failures" that include fracture, wear, and corrosion. The article first discusses failure modes of long-term orthopedic and cardiovascular implants. The article then focuses on short-term implants, typically bone screws and plates. Lastly, failure modes of surgical tools are discussed. The conclusion of this article presents several case studies illustrating the various failure modes discussed throughout.
Failures of Tools and Dies
Authors: Vander Voort George F.
Published: December 2021

This article discusses failure mechanisms in tool and die materials that are very important to nearly all manufacturing processes. It is primarily devoted to failures of tool steels used in cold working and hot working applications. The processes involved in the analysis of tool and die failures are also covered. In addition, the article focuses on a number of factors that are responsible for tool and die failures, including mechanical design, grade selection, steel quality, machining processes, heat treatment operation, and tool and die setup.
Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
Authors: Haribhakti Paresh , Joshi P.B.
Published: December 2021

Failures in boilers and other equipment taking place in power plants that use steam as the working fluid are discussed in this article. The discussion is mainly concerned with failures in Rankine cycle systems that use fossil fuels as the primary heat source. The general procedure and techniques followed in failure investigation of boilers and related equipment are discussed. The article is framed with an objective to provide systematic information on various damage mechanisms leading to the failure of boiler tubes, headers, and drums, supplemented by representative case studies for a greater understanding of the respective damage mechanism.
Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
Authors: Akyuz Burak , Steinhoff Nicholas
Published: December 2021

The types of metal components used in lifting equipment include gears, shafts, drums and sheaves, brakes, brake wheels, couplings, bearings, wheels, electrical switchgear, chains, wire rope, and hooks. This article primarily deals with many of these metal components of lifting equipment in three categories: cranes and bridges, attachments used for direct lifting, and built-in members of lifting equipment. It first reviews the mechanisms, origins, and investigation of failures. Then the article describes the materials used for lifting equipment, followed by a section explaining the failure analysis of wire ropes and the failure of wire ropes due to corrosion, a common cause of wire-rope failure. Further, it reviews the characteristics of shock loading, abrasive wear, and stress-corrosion cracking of a wire rope. Then, the article provides information on the failure analysis of chains, hooks, shafts, and cranes and related members.
Failures Related to Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Dennies Daniel P. , Lampman S.
Published: December 2021

This article provides an overview of metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes and describes sources of failures in metal AM parts. It focuses on metal AM product failures and potential solutions related to design considerations, metallurgical characteristics, production considerations, and quality assurance. The emphasis is on the design and metallurgical aspects for the two main types of metal AM processes: powder-bed fusion (PBF) and directed-energy deposition (DED). The article also describes the processes involved in binder jet sintering, provides information on the design and fabrication sources of failure, addresses the key factors in production and quality control, and explains failure analysis of AM parts.
Principles of the compilation of East-Podillia dialects
Authors: Tyshchenko Tetiana
Published: December 2021

A key role of dialect dictionaries in the preservation of the national memory of the people and national moral values is emphasized in the paper. It has been stated that dialect vocabulary compiled in the dictionary is of great heuristic value, as it expresses a historical progress of the nation in its work, with customs and beliefs, the whole outlook in general, which is why it is a required source for the reconstruction of the ancient condition of a material and moral culture of native speakers.

It has been found out that some specialists in dialectology-lexicography mark the registries of dialect words differently (dictionary, short dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, materials for dictionary, small dictionary, etc.). Ukrainian dialect dictionaries were analyzed as to their completeness of vocabulary presentations, the coverage of dialect areas and some peculiarities of the representation of regional vocabulary in thematic dictionaries which contained the dialects of East Podillia.

The purpose and the task of the compilation of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects as well as its format/size were defined. Foreign analogs of such creation, in particular Podillia ones, were noticed. The principles of the compilation of a multi-volume edition of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects according to the thematic groups were worked out.

The importance of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects for Ukrainian language studies has been underlined, as it will become a profound source for further language research.
Lexis of Stryhantsi village as objekt of lexicographical processing. З/Z. 1.1 (З/Z))
Authors: Ostash Liubov , Ostash Roman
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to suggest new approaches to the lexicographical processing of the modern speech lexis of residents from the particular village. Dialect of the village Stryhantsi of Tysmenytsya district, Ivano‑Frankivsk region was chosen as an object of the research, it is currently included into the dialect of the South-West Naddnistrianshchyna. The village is situated 30 km from the regional center – the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (driving through Roshniv, Klubivtsi, Tysmenytsia). It is supposed that the village was founded in 1624. The village is marked on the map of the French engineer- map-maker Le Vasseur de Beauplan dated 1650. The source base of the research is long-term records of dialect speech of villagers made by the authors of the article. The article contains the first part of the material starting from ‘З’ (Z) letter. The glossary article provides all the relations that express the combination of different grammatical forms of nouns with the preposition З/Z known to the authors and the maximum quantity of the examples with the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech, especially with meanings which can differ from the meaning of the same lexeme in the standard language. Meanings are separated by the Arabic numerals. Words in the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech provides accent marks and other sound features of the lexeme. Common phrases are also presented in addition to idioms. Each common phrase and idiom provides meaning in the colloquial dialect speech. The article illustrates the lexical and phraseological richness of speech of the inhabitants of the village of Strygantsi, interesting grammatical forms with the specified preposition. The collected authentic factual material becomes a valuable source for the analysis the Ukrainian dialect language. Some of the lexemes present a significant interest for the researchers of the historical grammar of Ukrainian language.
Structural and functional effects of single nucleotide polymorphism on canine cytochrome b 5 reductase - in silico
Authors: S. Ibrahim MUSA,
Published: December 2021

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphism in Canine cytochrome b5 reductase using computational methods. Data was obtained from database of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (db SNP) and computational software was used for the analysis. The 3D protein structure was predicted using phyre 2 server. PANTHER analysis predicted the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (substitution of Isoleucine for Leucine at position 194) as damaging. Analysis using the Mutpred 2 web application also indicated deleterious effects of the amino acid substitution. Molecular mechanisms of structural changes in the amino acid were determined using Mutpred 2 to be altered ordered interface, gain of allosteric sites and altered metal binding. The study indicated that the substitution of Isoleucine by Leucine at position 194 of the amino acid sequence (Ile 194 Leu) resulted in the destabilization of the amino acid structure leading to functional deviation in canine cytochrome b5 reductase.
Multiple Sclerosis and Chlamydia
Authors: Artur Medina Jose
Published: December 2021

Although the epidemiological similarity between the two diseases is true, this thesis was not discussed extensively, perhaps because it implied that some children might have been victims of abuse, which sounds false and potentially unfair. We believe that transverse myelitis and MS are the result of an infectious disease, eventually sexually transmitted by chlamydia/gonococcus, which is caused by a subclinical bacterial urethritis/inflamatory pelvic disease (IPD) among adults. In children it is the same disease but caused by common uropathogens/enterobacteria. Both UTI and MS are much more common in girls than in boys [2, 3]. These UTIs would favor herpetic proliferation via toll-like receptors (TLRs), since the virus is endemic and always present, and it is not possible to eradicate it completely. Herpes viral load is counteracted by interferon alpha 1 (IFN alpha-1), present in different cell types, from macrophages to lymphocytes passing through endothelia and fibroblasts. Interferon alpha 1, when interacting with its specific receptors, produces in the intracellular the action of antiviral RNAse and the inhibition of viral protein synthesis
Exploring Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: B. Pucca Manuela , A. Brito-Souza Pablo , M. Alexandre-Silva Gabriel , C. S. Oliveira Ana , Tavares Mesquita Kim , Soares Cardoso Larissa
Published: December 2021

The Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma (SBP) is a rare oncologic disease corresponding to less than 5% of the malignant neoplasms of the plasma cells. It is characterized as a localized aggressive tumor consequent to the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cell neoplasms and, due to the rarity of the disease, there are only few clinical studies reporting it especially regarding prognostic factors and treatment. Here, we report a fatal clinical case of SPB in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. The study shows a case of solitary bone plasmacytoma on the femur, where the patient was submitted to the preconized radiotherapy cycles. However, over approximately four-years following the diagnose, the patient required multi-modal approach to guarantee quality of life during the survival time. Finally, this study explores SBP-related issues and examines the challenges physicians face when managing the care of patients with SBP.
Interrelation between Rheumatic Autoimmune Disease, Autohemolitic Anemia and Cancer Arising as Epiphenomenon on Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: Spasovski Dejan , Sandevska Emilija , Krsetvska-Balkanov Svetlana
Published: December 2021

There are hemolytic anemias of different origin. For instance, these states may be induced by me­ans of so­­me exogenic hemolytic factors: by different organic and unorganic hemolytic toxins (phospho­rus, phe­nyl­hydrazin, saponins, arsenicum, lead and biotoxins – snake venom, mushroom poisons, mycotoxins, etc.), so­me medical preparations, radiations, some infectious agents and haevy burns. Besides, in some ca­ses, he­molytic anemias are induced by antibodies and immunocompetent cells against own tissues (auto­immune hemolytic anemia).
Pesquisa e formação de professores
Authors: Ens Romilda , Nagel Jaqueline
Published: December 2021

O artigo objetiva realizar uma homenagem à professora Marli André e para isso procura os sentidos e significados que a pesquisadora deu a um conjunto de obras que apontam a relação entre a pesquisa e a formação de professores. Na primeira parte, selecionamos e apresentamos cada uma delas, tomando-as em sua singularidade e como “constantes sociais” que contribuíram para a definição do campo da formação de professores e formação de professores no Brasil. Na segunda, destacamos a participação de Marli André no Congresso Nacional de Educação – Educere, realizado na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), nas edições de 2004 a 2019, bem como sua contribuição por meio das discussões de políticas de formação de professores em palestras, mesas-redondas e comunicações, além da homenagem que seus orientandos registraram no Educere de 2004.