bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Routing Overhead in Random Walk Protocol under MP2P Network
Authors: Arunachalam Ajay , Sornil Ohm
Published: March 2017

Due to network dynamics in self-organizing networks the resource discovery effort increases. To discover objects in unstructured peer-to-peer network, peers rely on traditional methods like flooding, random walk and probabilistic forwarding methods. With inadequate knowledge of paths, the peers have to flood the query message which creates incredible network traffic and overhead. Many of the previous works based on random walk were done in wired network. In this context random walk was better than flooding. But under MANETs random walk approach behaved differently increasing the overhead, due to frequent link failures incurred by mobility. Decentralized applications based on peer-to-peer computing are best candidates to run over such dynamic network. Issues of P2P service discovery in wired networks have been well addressed in several earlier works. This article evaluates the performance of random walk based resource discovery protocol over P2P Mobile Adhoc Network (MP2P) and suggests an improved scheme to suit MANET. Our version reduces the network overhead, lowers the battery power consumption, minimizes the query delay while providing equally good success rate. The protocol is validated through extensive NS-2 simulations. It is clear from the results that our proposed scheme is an alternative to the existing ones for such highly dynamic mobile network scenario.
A quebra de limites do mal moral em Michael Kohlhaas
Authors: Silva Carina Zanelato
Published: March 2017

Ricoeur (1988) nos diz que a conceituação do mal é um problema que atravessa séculos, devido a sua necessidade de coerência lógica. Já se discutiu sua origem, suas causas e seus efeitos, porém nunca se chegou a um termo que eliminasse a contradição em seu cerne. Neste espaço, as obras literárias de Heinrich von Kleist (1777-1811) apresentam uma temática que abarca uma quebra de limites entre os conceitos de maldade e bondade desenvolvidos durante a Aufklärung, evidenciando essa problemática. Essa quebra nos parece estar fortemente associada à relação existente entre o "eu" e o mundo caótico em que este está inserido, implicando em uma complexidade das fontes do mal moral que diluem as barreiras entre bem e mal e nos levam à contestação destes limites estanques. Procuraremos, portanto, neste texto, demonstrar em que consiste essa quebra de limites e como a composição de uma realidade pautada no engano integra o universo literário kleistiano, principalmente na obra Michael Kohlhaas.
On the identity of Clausena smyrelliana, and two new combinations in C. anisum-olens (Aurantioideae, Rutaceae)
Authors: MOLINO JEAN-FRANÇOIS
Published: March 2017

Clausena smyrelliana Forster (2000: 716) was described from several gatherings collected from a few plants growing in littoral microphyll vineforests of South-East Queensland, Australia. Because of its rarity and of severe threats on its natural habitat, it has been listed as ‘Endangered’ under Queensland’s Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Atlas of Living Australia 2015). However, the combination of a long style (> 1/2 pistil length), lack of gynophore, straight staminal filaments, subcylindrical buds, and corymbiform inflorescence, excludes this species from Clausena Burman (1768: 87) and places it into Murraya J.Koenig (in Linné 1771: 554) (Molino 1994: 107)
Linaria becerrae (Plantaginaceae), a new endemic species from the southern Spain, and remarks on what Linaria salzmannii is and is not
Authors: BLANCA GABRIEL , CUETO MIGUEL , FUENTES JULIÁN
Published: March 2017

A new species of the genus Linaria is described, illustrated and compared with its morphologically closest relatives from L. sect. Versicolores: L. salzmannii, L. viscosa and L. spartea. Furthermore, the identity of L. salzmannii, with which it has been usually misidentified, is discussed. The new species occurs on molasse substrates, forming part of communities of ephemeral annual herbs, in the province of Málaga (southern Spain), near the locality El Chorro. Synonymy is revised for the concerned names, and an identification key is reported for the Iberian taxa of L. sect. Versicolores.
Three new species of Alburnoides from the southern Black Sea basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: TURAN DAVUT , KAYA CÜNEYT , BAYÇELEBİ ESRA , BEKTAŞ YUSUF , EKMEKÇİ F. GÜLER
Published: March 2017

Three new Alburnoides species are described from the southern Black Sea basin. Alburnoides kurui, new species, from the Yeşilırmak drainage, is distinguished from other species of Alburnoides in the southern Black Sea basin, the Marmara basin and the Anatolian Aegean basin by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic fin base and the anus or with rarely 1 scale covering the anterior part of the keel; 50–59 total lateral-line scales; 13½–15½ branched anal-fin rays and 7–9 gill rakers. Alburnoides freyhofi, new species, from the Kızılırmak drainage, is distinguished by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic fin base and the anus, 44–53 total lateral-line scales; 14½–16½ branched anal-fin rays and 5–7 gill rakers. Alburnoides kosswigi, new species, from the Sakarya drainage, is distinguished by having a scaleless keel between the posterior pelvic fin base and the anus or rarely with 1–3 scales covering the anterior part of the keel; 43–57 total lateral-line scales; 11½–13 (14)½ branched anal–fin rays and 5–7 gill rakers.
Phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography reveals the internal morphology of a new fossil species of the Corticaria-sylvicola-group (Coleoptera: Latridiidae)
Authors: REIKE HANS-PETER , BUKEJS ANDRIS , ARLT TOBIAS , KARDJILOV NIKOLAY , MANKE INGO
Published: March 2017

Corticaria amberica sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Latridiidae) from Baltic amber is described and illustrated using the features of the male genitalia. To study these features, phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography was used for the first time with a member of this family. A literature-based checklist of fossil and subfossil Latridiidae is provided. The following new synonymy is established: Latridius alexeevi Bukejs, Kirejtshuk & Rücker, 2011 = Latridius usovae Sergi & Perkovsky, 2014 syn. nov. New fossil records for the species Latridius alexeevi Bukejs, Kirejtshuk & Rücker, Latridius jantaricus Borowiec, Revelieria groehni Sergi, Perkovsky & Reike, and Corticarina palaeominuta Reike are also presented.
Seven new species of Bibloplectus Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Eastern United States with notes on distributions of previously described species
Authors: OWENS BRITTANY E. , CARLTON CHRISTOPHER E.
Published: March 2017

Seven new species in the genus Bibloplectus Reitter, 1881 are described: Bibloplectus ellisi Owens and Carlton, new species; Bibloplectus levis Owens and Carlton, new species; Bibloplectus parki Owens and Carlton, new species; Bibloplectus quadratum Owens and Carlton, new species; Bibloplectus suteri Owens and Carlton, new species; Bibloplectus steevesi Owens and Carlton, new species; and Bibloplectus tishechkini Owens and Carlton, new species. New species are integrated into the previously published key, supported by illustrations of diagnostic characters, and a revised key and checklist to eastern North American species is presented. All new species described in this study were obtained from, and are deposited in, collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH). Additionally, label data for 1122 Bibloplectus specimens from the FMNH and from 111 specimens from the Louisiana State Arthropod Museum (LSAM) were combined to provide updated distributional information on existing species and note significant range extensions.
The Role of Beneficiaries in Transnational Regulatory Processes
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias , Macdonald Kate
Published: March 2017

The editors of this volume highlight the role of intermediaries, alongside regulators and targets, as a way to better understand the outcomes of regulatory processes. Here, we explore the benefits of distinguishing a fourth category of actors: the groups whose interests the rules are meant to protect, the (intended) beneficiaries. We apply that framework to nonstate regulation of labor conditions, where the primary intended beneficiaries are workers and their families, especially in poorer countries. We first outline the different ways in which beneficiaries can relate to regulators, intermediaries, and targets; we then develop conjectures about the effect of different relationships on regulatory impacts and democratic legitimacy in relation to corporate power structures, specifically those embedded in the governance of global supply chains. We illustrate these conjectures primarily with examples from three initiatives—Rugmark, the Fair Labor Association, and the Fairtrade system. We conclude that it matters whether and how beneficiaries are included in the regulatory process.
Sclerostin Deficiency Promotes Reparative Dentinogenesis
Authors: Collignon A.-M. , Amri N. , Lesieur J. , Sadoine J. , Ribes S. , Menashi S. , Simon S. , Berdal A. , Rochefort G.Y. , Chaussain C. , Gaucher C.
Published: March 2017

In humans, the SOST gene encodes sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone growth and remodeling, which also negatively regulates the bone repair process. Sclerostin has also been implicated in tooth formation, but its potential role in pulp healing remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of sclerostin in reparative dentinogenesis using Sost knockout mice ( Sost–/–). The pulps of the first maxillary molars were mechanically exposed in 3-mo-old Sost–/– and wild-type (WT) mice ( n = 14 mice per group), capped with mineral trioxide aggregate cement, and the cavities were filled with a bonded composite resin. Reparative dentinogenesis was dynamically followed up by micro–computed tomography and characterized by histological analyses. Presurgical analysis revealed a significantly lower pulp volume in Sost–/– mice compared with WT. At 30 and 49 d postsurgery, a large-forming reparative mineralized bridge, associated with osteopontin-positive mineralization foci, was observed in the Sost–/– pulps, whereas a much smaller bridge was detected in WT. At the longer time points, the bridge, which was associated with dentin sialoprotein–positive cells, had expanded in both groups but remained significantly larger in Sost–/– pulps. Sclerostin expression in the healing WT pulps was detected in the cells neighboring the forming dentin bridge. In vitro, mineralization induced by Sost–/– dental pulp cells (DPCs) was also dramatically enhanced when compared with WT DPCs. These observations were associated with an increased Sost expression in WT cells. Taken together, our data show that sclerostin deficiency hastened reparative dentinogenesis after pulp injury, suggesting that the inhibition of sclerostin may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the healing of damaged pulps.
The value of preoperative computed tomography combined with ultrasound in the investigation of small indeterminate liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Abraham-Nordling Mirna , Öistämö Emma , Josephson Thomas , Hjern Fredrik , Blomqvist Lennart
Published: March 2017

Background

Computed tomography (CT) is used routinely for the preoperative detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. When small indeterminate focal liver lesions are detected that are too small to characterize (TSTC) on CT, additional imaging is usually needed, resulting in a potential delay in obtaining a complete diagnostic work-up.

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound (US) of the liver performed in direct conjunction to CT in the preoperative investigation among patients with newly diagnosed CRC when indeterminate liver lesions were found on CT.

Material and Methods

Preoperative investigations with CT and consecutive US where CT had shown at least one focal liver lesion in 74 patients diagnosed with CRC between June 2009 and February 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Either histopathological findings or a combination of imaging and clinical follow-up one to three years after surgery was used as the reference.

Results

Liver metastases were diagnosed with CT/US in 13 out of 74 patients (17.6%). In one patient, a liver cyst was preoperatively regarded as liver metastasis by a combined CT/US. The sensitivity and specificity for the CT with consecutive US procedure was 100% (13/13) and 98.4% (60/61).

Conclusion

US performed in conjunction with CT in patients with indeterminate focal liver lesions on CT is an accurate work-up for detection of liver metastases in patients with newly diagnosed CRC. Although our results are promising, they cannot be considered safely generalizable to all hospitals.
Parent-reported differences between school-aged girls and boys on the autism spectrum
Authors: Sutherland Rebecca , Hodge Antoinette , Bruck Susan , Costley Debra , Klieve Helen
Published: March 2017

More boys than girls are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder; however, there are conflicting findings about whether they differ in their presentation. This study involved a survey of parents of school-aged children on the autism spectrum (171 parents of girls and 163 parents of boys) that was distributed via social media. The surveys provided insights regarding the characteristics of boys and girls (as perceived by parents) as well as some demographic information. There were very few differences reported regarding communication and social strengths and difficulties of boys and girls with autism. No differences were reported in the number of boys and girls on the autism spectrum with special interests or repetitive behaviours; however, significant differences were found in the types of special interests with boys and girls showing generally interests along traditional gender lines. Qualitative analysis of open comments indicated that some parents of girls on the autism spectrum described their daughter as trying to hide or mask her difficulties more but no parents of boys on the spectrum described this phenomenon.
The performative space for city identity narrative: A case study of Suzhou Museum
Authors: Chen Lin
Published: March 2017

This article takes Suzhou Museum as a case to analyze various aspects of its narrative constitution, narrative time, and narrative voice. The analysis reveals that the new museum building tells a story of tradition and modernity, the local and the world, personalization, and customization. The museum’s exhibition with “Wu” leading the story of local tradition and historical culture provides resources for the city identity of Suzhou. Visitor’s narratives, aided by new media technologies, infiltrate, fuse, and reconstruct the museum narrative. This case study makes clear the following theoretical points. First, by dealing with the relation between narrative time and space, the museum as a medium displays its uniqueness in the city communication system. Second, through visitors’ appropriation, production, and reproduction, the museum as a built environment presents its openness, fluidity, and inconsistencies. Third, the constitutive power of new media technologies facilitates the intervention of visitors’ subjectivity in the museum narrative and makes the meaning construction of the narrative more interactive. And finally, the communicative practices activated by the narrative construction in the museum as a mediaspace in the city contribute to the liminal experiences that bear traces of both ideological regulation and the city’s identity, turning the proposition that “citizens create the city” into a real possibility.
Transfeminist Genealogies in Spain
Authors: Araneta Aitzole , Fernández Garrido Sandra
Published: March 2017

Tracing genealogies is a profoundly political and creative matter. The authors' commitment is to seek and recognize where these genealogies are located. This article blends the authors' experience, dependent on other stories and vulnerability, which together over time becomes a genealogy. For analytical purposes, this article divides the history of the transfeminist movement into two periods: the emergence and consolidation of the trans-depathologization movement (2006–10) and the consolidation of the transfeminist movement (2010–13).
Khwaja SiraActivism
Authors: Khan Faris A.
Published: March 2017

This essay examines an instance of media activism by members of a Karachi-based organization run by and for nonnormatively gendered people who are known as khwaja siras. By providing both ethnographic analysis and a genderqueer feminist reading of the group's strategies for resisting categorization and surveillance through practices of gender ambiguity, this essay argues for the potential of khwaja sira politics to produce radical subjectivity.
The Emergence of Transfeminism in Russia
Authors: Kirey-Sitnikova Yana
Published: March 2017

Trans* issues became visible in Russian feminist communities only in 2013. In Russia, transfeminism was not a reaction against the explicit exclusion of trans* people from feminist spaces; on the contrary, transphobia in feminism arose after an attempt to introduce transfeminism. Both sides currently borrow their arguments from texts by US authors, without significant adaptation to the post-Soviet context. According to the results of a survey conducted among Russian-speaking feminists, the acceptance of trans* people depends on social privilege and education, with more privileged and educated feminists being more conservative. On the other hand, the support for existing gender roles in Russian trans* communities is rather high, although it was shown to be lower than in the general population. Assaults from cisnormative feminists and trans* people, together with the tough political situation, make the survival of transfeminism questionable in Russia.
Looking Back on “Queering the Center”
Authors: Scheman Naomi
Published: March 2017

The essay is a retrospective reflection on “Queering the Center by Centering the Queer: Reflections on Transsexuals and Secular Jews,” which critically explored the structures of normative intelligibility through a comparison of experiences of unintelligibility. Twenty years later, extraordinary progress has been made in rendering transsexual lives intelligible, in part by replacing invisibly professionally managed transformations with openly lived journeys. But core conceptual dichotomies that problematically set the terms of intelligibility remain entrenched—in particular, between determined facticity and ungrounded freedom—leading to some trans women's arguing that there is some core meaning of woman that as a matter of fact includes them, and others' defiantly claiming the right to self-identify as women freed from any shared social understanding of what that means. The essay suggests that there is more political hope in arguing against currently normative understandings of gender while struggling to find plural, often contentious, but interrelated, coalitional understandings that do justice to the wide range of gender's discontents.
Trans*feminist Intersections
Authors: simpkins reese
Published: March 2017

The author argues that trans* materialities are part of a trans*feminist politics of becoming-intersectional, which emphasizes the movement underlying identificatory processes. Articulating trans* as a dynamic movement of becoming-intersectional undermines both the normative construction of bounded categories and the identities that emerge from these processes, thereby allying trans*, feminist, and intersectional politics. Moreover, conceptualizing politics in this manner foregrounds the “categorical miscegenation” of both intersectional theorizing and trans* scholarship, and it contributes to ongoing conversations in both bodies of scholarship that are concerned with the ways in which categories operate politically. By highlighting the political stakes in the materialization of matter and the concomitant production of categories and identifications, a trans*feminist politics of becoming-intersectional foregrounds process over positionality and takes place at a fundamental level—at the level of materiality, where the ways in which matter materializes resonates politically.
Mortal Life of Trans/Feminism
Authors: Zengin Aslı
Published: March 2017

This piece reflects on some ongoing tensions between cisgender women's and trans people's feminisms, suggesting specific frameworks to resolve these tensions into coalitional feminist organizing. To do that, the author draws on her ethnographic research and activist work in Turkey and proposes that a collective focus on the realm of death would bring feminist cis women and trans people together around a shared gender experience. In Turkey, the annual number of cis and trans women who are killed by cis men has been gradually increasing. This situation makes the availability of killing a shared gendered experience for cis women and trans people. Hence, organizing around the framework of “gender killings” would allow cis women and trans people to develop alliances to survive and transform the very material and symbolic conditions of their gender oppression.
Hierarchical Bayesian inference for ion channel screening dose-response data
Authors: Johnstone Ross H , Bardenet Rémi , Gavaghan David J , Mirams Gary R
Published: March 2017

Dose-response (or ‘concentration-effect’) relationships commonly occur in biological and pharmacological systems and are well characterised by Hill curves. These curves are described by an equation with two parameters: the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50); and the Hill coefficient. Typically just the ‘best fit’ parameter values are reported in the literature. Here we introduce a Python-based software tool, PyHillFit , and describe the underlying Bayesian inference methods that it uses, to infer probability distributions for these parameters as well as the level of experimental observation noise. The tool also allows for hierarchical fitting, characterising the effect of inter-experiment variability. We demonstrate the use of the tool on a recently published dataset on multiple ion channel inhibition by multiple drug compounds. We compare the maximum likelihood, Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian approaches. We then show how uncertainty in dose-response inputs can be characterised and propagated into a cardiac action potential simulation to give a probability distribution on model outputs.
Relay Network Design with Capacity and Link-Imbalance Considerations: A Lagrangean Decomposition Algorithm and Analysis
Authors: Kewcharoenwong Panitan , Üster Halit
Published: March 2017

High driver turnover and driver shortage are costly problems in the truckload trucking industry. Extended on-the-road times and low quality of life with irregular schedules and low get-home rates for drivers are commonly attributed as the main culprits in both academic and industry literature. The use of a relay network on which the truckloads switch drivers during their transportation can potentially help reduce drivers’ away-from-home times and regularize their schedule without sacrificing the mileage accumulation on which their pay is determined. Relay network design involves the determination of the relay point (RP) locations, their interconnections, assignment of non-RP nodes to RPs, and the routes for truckloads. Recognizing the importance of considering operational realities such as empty mileage and driver availability along with limited resources, we introduce link capacity constraints and the concept of link imbalance in strategic relay network design. The use of link imbalance is motivated by the need to improve operational efficiency via increased ability to return drivers to their home bases and reduce empty backhauls. To solve our mixed-integer programming design model, we develop an efficient Lagrangean decomposition algorithm that can provide solutions to large-size problems with small optimality gaps within reasonable runtimes. We also present computational experiments on the algorithmic performance, trade-offs between imbalance and cost components, effects of capacity, and the relationship between link- and node-imbalance concepts.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0704 .
An Investigation of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Can Bilge , Erokten Secil , Bahtiyar Asiye
Published: March 2017

In order to reflect the integration of the teachers’ content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technology usage skills to the class context and to provide the expected outputs for the program's purposes, it is needed to be revealed the different dimensions of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). In this study, it was aimed to investigate the teacher training programmes related to pre-service science teachers’ TPACK. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. In the 2015-2016 academic year, a total of 269 pre-service teachers (73 of them from 1st grade, 73 of them from 2nd grade, 87 of them from 3rd and 36 of them from 4th grade students) attending Science Education Department participated in this study. As a data collection tool, 7 subscales of “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale of Pre-Service Teachers”; namely, technology knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and technological pedagogical content knowledge were used. According to the results, as the class level of pre-service teacher increases, their level of technological pedagogical content knowledge increases as well. Moreover, there is a significant difference on behalf of pre-service teachers at the 1st grade in all dimensions of technological pedagogical content knowledge scale.
Critical Thinking in a Higher Education Functional English Course
Authors: Khan Shaista Irshad
Published: March 2017

Critical thinking is seen as a highly desirable way of thinking that needs to be encouraged in all areas of higher education.  However, it is not easy to conceptualise critical thinking in ways that can help in its development and in its assessment. Recent policy documents in Pakistan have laid emphasis on the development of critical thinking skills in higher education and The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan worked with USAID to publish new course guidance for Functional English, a mandatory course, as a part of introducing a revised four year BEd honours programme. The course includes aims like giving reasons to justify a view, distinguishing between fact and opinion and enabling students to develop argumentation skills. All these aims require students to develop skills involving questioning: asking questions of what is provided, who has provided it and what its meaning might be, key features of critical thinking.
The Effect of Gender and Attachment Styles on the Relationship between Marital Adjustment and Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Koruk Serdar
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating effects of attachment styles and gender on the predictive strength of marital adjustment on psychological symptoms among Turkish married individuals. Correlational model was used and the sample consisted of 178 married individuals. The data was gathered through online survey. The Turkish form of Brief Symptom Inventory (BFI) was used to measure psychological symptoms. The Turkish form of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) was used to measure marital adjustment and the Turkish form of Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) was used to measure attachment styles. The hypothetical model was formed and tested through path analysis technique of structural equational modeling. Results showed that secure, dismissing and fearful attachment styles and gender moderated the predictive strength of marital adjustment on psychological symptoms. It was found that the relationship between marital adjustment and psychological symptom is stronger among individuals who have secure attachment style.
Development of children of 2 – 3 years old from pre-prosperous family and prosperous family stage II
Authors: Saputra Haris Marta , Yusuf Sulaiman , Azis Noval , Syarifuddin Amir , Saing Bistok
Published: March 2017

In this study we assess the condition of children development of 2-3 years of age in prosperous family, preprosperousfamily and prosperous family stage II, and find the related factors. This was a cross sectional study on 94children of pre-prosperous family and 94 children of prosperous family stage II at Medan Tuntungan district from December1998 up to March 1999. Data is obtained by questionnaires and examination of the developmental bases by Denver II Method.Statistical analysis of relationship between 2 qualitative variables is tested by chi-square. In the pre-prosperous family wefound 67 children with (35.6%) normal development and 27 (14.4%) children with abnormal development, on the prosperousfamily stage II there were 81 (43.1%) children with normal development and 13 (6.9%) children with abnormal development.We found significant difference between the children development of pre-prosperous and prosperous stage II (p<0.05),significant relationship between children development within 2-3 years of age and the parents’ education level of the Preprosperousfamily (p<0.05), and no significant relationship of the following factors: mothers employment status, mother’sage, number of family and the child’s order in the family.
Hypoglycemia in preterm babies Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Aminullah Asril , Setiati Dita , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo
Published: March 2017

Hypoglycemia is one of the most common problems in neonates, especially in preterm babies. Although in themajority of cases the outcome is good, symptomatic or asymptomatic hypoglycemia may give significant complications thatmay cause death or developmental delay later in life. We conducted a cross sectional study from September 5, 1999 throughMay 8, 2000 to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia in preterm babies treated at the Division of Perinatology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. There were 112 babies included in the study, with the mean gestational age of 33.3 (range22 to 37, SD 4.2) weeks, and mean birth weight of 1801 (range 850 to 2440, SD 420) grams. Twenty-seven of the 112 infantsshowed hypoglycemia. Univariate analysis disclosed that birth weight, degree of perinatal asphyxia, small for gestational age(SGA), presence of respiratory distress syndrome, mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia, and mothers who had intravenousinfusion of glucose during labor were significantly associated with hypoglycemia in preterm babies. Gestational age,meconium staining, or infant of diabetic mother were not significantly associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. On logisticregression analysis to control confounders we found that only the degree of perinatal asphyxia and small for gestational agewere associated with hypoglycemia in those preterm babies.
Management of vaccination - related anaphylaxis
Authors: Harsono Ariyanto
Published: March 2017

Anaphylaxis is a systemic, immediate hypersensitivity reaction due to IgE mediated immunologic release ofmediators from mast cells and basophils. Features of severe condition are obstruction of the upper airway from tissueswelling, marked bronchospasm, and hypotension. In vaccination related anaphylaxis, optimal management begins withprevention: prevaccination screening including questions about possible allergy to any component of vaccine, and anticipationof anaphylaxis by observation at least 15 minutes following vaccination are very important. The essential treatment isprompt administration of adrenaline. Since hypotension is due to a shift of fluid from intravascular to extravascular space, themainstay of treatment should be the restoration of intravascular volume. Since anaphylaxis can be biphasic administration ofcorticosteroid in preventing late phase reaction can be postulated.
Airway reversibility in newly developed asthma in children
Authors: Harsono Ariyanto , Kusumawardani Sri , MS Makmuri , Santosa Gunadi
Published: March 2017

Objective To determine factors influencing forced expiratory vol-ume in one second (FEV 1 ) reversibility in newly developed asthmain childrenMethods A cross sectional study was done on 52 patients aged 6-14 years who were recruited from a longitudinal study of 161 newlydeveloped asthmatic children. Pre and post-bronchodilator FEV 1were obtained to calculate the reversibility. Seven patients had toperform peak expiratory volume (PEV) variability before recruited.Some variables including sex, age, height, onset of asthma, fre-quency of asthma attacks at the time of the test were analyzed toevaluate their roles in the outcome of FEV 1 reversibility using pairedsample t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multi regres-sion analysis.Results Mean pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV 1 were 1.14 (SD0.24) and 1.31 (SD 0.28), respectively. FEV 1 reversibility rangedbetween 6%-36%. Bivariate analyses demonstrated significant cor-relation between either cough (p=0.031) or symptom-free (p=0.041)and the airway reversibility. Multivariate analysis showed that coughwas an important factor influencing airway reversibility (p=0.0246).Conclusion Cough is an important influencing factor of the air-way reversibility
Characteristics and prognostic factors of intracranial hemorrhage in children
Authors: Kardana Made , Kari Komang , Widia Made
Published: March 2017

Objective Finding the characteristics and risk factors associatedwith prognosis in children suffering from intracranial hemorrhage.Methods This was a retrospective medical record review of chil-dren (older than 1 month old) admitted with intracranial hemor-rhage to the Department of Child Health the Sanglah Hospital,Denpasar, during the period of January 1998 to December 2000.Prognostic factors were identified by chi-square and multivariateanalysis with significance of p<0.05Results There were 56 patients eligible for the study. Among themwere 35 (63%) males and 21 (27%) females. Forty-three (77%)were less than one year of age, 40 (71%) without history of traumaand the major clinical manifestation was paleness (89%). The mostcommon location was subdural bleeding, 21 patients (38%). Fac-tors associated with prognosis was the bleeding location (p<0.05)Conclusions Intracranial hemorrhage was more common in malesand in infants. The most common clinical manifestation was pale-ness. Bleeding location was associated with prognosis
Congenital hypothyroidism: a case report
Authors: Maswiryati Anak A , Westra Nyoman
Published: March 2017

Hypothyroidism resulted from deficiency ofthyroid hormone production due to adefect in thyroid gland. The disorder maybe manifested earlier. When symptomsoccur after a period of normal function of thyroid gland,the disorder may be either truly “acquired” or onlyappear as a variety of congenital defects in which themanifestation of the deficiency is delayed. Normal levelof triiodothyronine (T3) in children is 100-260 ng/dl,thyroxin (T4) 7.3 - 15 mg/dl and thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH) 2-10 mU/mL. 1,2 The age at whichsymptoms appear depends on the impairment degreeof thyroid function. In many cases, the deficiency ofthyroid hormone is severe, and symptoms tend todevelop in the early weeks of life. 1,3 The prevalence ofcongenital hypothyroidism has been found to be 1 in4,000 infants world wide; it is lower in Japan (1 in 5,500infants) and in African American population (1 in32,000 infants). Most infants with congenitalhypothyroidism are asymptomatic at birth, even whenthere is a complete agenesis of the thyroid gland. 1,3 Butin other cases, during the first few months of life, thesymptoms of hypothyroidism such as feeding problems,failure to thrive, constipation, hoarse cry, andsomnolence usually can be found. 1,3,4 The purpose ofthis study is to report a case of congenital hypothyroidismin a 14 months old child.
The influence of stressor on blood pressure in school children
Authors: Pardede Sudung O , Trihono Partini P , Yuniar Irene , Tambunan Taralan
Published: March 2017

Background Physical and psychological stress such as child anxi-ety, can increase blood pressure.Objective To evaluate the role of vein puncture as a stressor caus-ing alteration of blood pressure in school children.Methods This study was a descriptive, pre and post test study asa part of a screening study on primary school children at Cibubursubdistrict in East Jakarta. Blood pressure was measured beforeand after a vein puncture procedure in 449 children. Nine childrenwere excluded because of incomplete data.Results The increase of systolic blood pressure was found in 121(27.5%) subjects, decrease in 42 (9.5%), and no change in 227(63%). Diastolic blood pressure increased in 123 (28.0%) subjects,decreased in 38 (8.6%), and did not change in 279 (63.4%). Theincrease of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found in61 (13.8%), increased systolic with no change of diastolic in 58(13.2%), and increased systolic with decreased diastolic in 2 (0.5%)children. Decreased systolic with increased diastolic was found in2 (0.5%) subjects, decreased systolic with no change of diastolicin 26 (5.9%), and decrease of both systolic and diastolic in 14 (3.2%)children. No changes in both systolic and diastolic blood pressurewere found in 195 (44.3%); no change in systolic with decreaseddiastolic blood pressure was found in 22 (5.0%) children.Conclusion In most of the school children, vein puncture proce-dure did not cause alteration on blood pressure
Risk factors of coronary heart disease in children and young adults with parental history of premature coronary heart disease
Authors: Andriastuti Murti , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Firmansyah Agus
Published: March 2017

Background Morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease(CHD) are recently increasing. This is related to changes in lifestyle,such as lack of activity and high consumption of fatty diet. Themain cause of CHD is atherosclerosis. The development of ath-erosclerosis takes a long time, is asymptomatic, and might beginin childhood. The important risk factors that have roles in increas-ing the likelihood of atherosclerosis are family history of prematureCHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and irregu-lar activity.Objective The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence ofCHD risk factors in children and young adults who had parentalhistory of premature CHD.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedon offspring of premature CHD patients who were admitted in theintensive cardiology care unit (ICCU) of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital between January 1999 to December 2001 and of prema-ture CHD patients who visited the Cardiology Clinic of the Depart-ment of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital duringMarch and April 2002. Subjects were aged 12 to 25 year-old.Results Among the subjects, 40% had hyperlipidemia, 8% hadhypertension, 11% were obese, 21% were active smokers, 41%were passive smokers, and 73% had irregular activity. Ninety-sevenpercents subjects had more than 1 risk factors.Conclusions The prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension,obesity, passive smoker, active smoker and irregular activity inchildren and young adults with parental history of premature CHDin this study were higher than those in the normal population.Most had more than 1 risk factor, increasing the likelihood of CHD.A screening test should be performed on children with parentalhistory of premature CHD so that early preventive measures mightbe done to minimize the risk factors
Association between serum cholesterol levels and nutritional status in school children aged 10-12 years
Authors: Wulur Fransiscus H , Pieter Recky Dj B
Published: March 2017

Background Hypercholesterolemia in children is an important riskfactor that causes coronary heart disease in the future. Nutritionalstatus, especially overweight/obesity, is associated with hyperc-holesterolemia.Objective To determine the prevalence of hypercholesterolemiaand its association with nutritional status.Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted during April-June 2001. Subjects consisted of children aged 10-12 year-oldregistered at primary schools in Manado, Tondano, and TandenganMinahasa. Data were analyzed using t test, z score, and chi-square.Results Of the 229 samples, 153 (66.8%) were boys and 76 (33.2%) were girls. The mean of total cholesterol level in boys was 179.46mg/dL (SD 33.44) and in girls was 180.95 mg/dL (SD 33.77) whichwas not significantly different (p>0.05). There were no differencesin either the number of children having “borderline” cholesterol level(170–199 mg/dL) or hypercholesterolemia (3200 mg/dL) betweenboth sexes. Of the 229 children, 65 (28.4%) had hypercholester-olemia. Of the 65 children, 37 (36%) came from the primary schoolin Manado, which was significant compared to the other schoollocations (p<0.05). Twenty-five (39%) children with hypercholes-terolemia had overweight nutritional status, which was significantcompared to the other nutritional status (p<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 28.4 %.There was an association between hypercholesterolemia and nutri-tional status, with a tendency of hypercholesterolemia to occur atoverweight nutritional status, especially in the urban area
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Wijana I Putu , Mudita Ida Bagus , Golden I Nyoman , Kusumajaya Agus , Mulyadi I Ketut
Published: March 2017

we report a case of orbital rhabdomyosa-rcoma in a 2.5 year-old female child.
Clinical manifestations of acute asthma in children at the Department of Child Health Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Lestari Kadek Ayu , Budiman Imam , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo
Published: March 2017

Background Acute asthma is an asthma attack or worsening ofasthma manifestation and pulmonary function. Severe asthma at-tack might be prevented by early recognition of the attack and ap-propriate therapy. Clinical manifestations of asthma in children varywidely, so does the assessment of the attack that is often not accu-rately defined by doctors. This leads to delayed and inadequatetreatment of the attack.Objective This study aimed to know the clinical manifestationsof acute asthma in children at the Department of Child Health, Medi-cal School University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospi-tal.Methods This was a descriptive, cross sectional study, conductedat the emergency room (ER), the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpa-tient Clinic, and the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Subjects were asth-matics who were having attack and aged 2-18 year-old. Data ofage, sex, pulse rate, respiratory rate, duration of attack, expiratory,and inspiratory effort signs were obtained by history and physicalexamination followed by the assessment of attack severity.Results Subjects consisted of 92 children, mostly obtained fromthe ER (40%), with male to female ratio of 1.5:1 and average ageof 5.8 years old. Most of the subjects had mild attack (83%) andduration of attack of less than 24 hours (56%). Most subjects (70%)only had signs of increased expiratory effort, in which all of themhad mild attack. The rest of the subjects showed the combinationof inspiratory and expiratory efforts; 12 patients with mild attack,15 with moderate attack, and 1 with severe attack.Conclusion Patients who only showed expiratory effort usuallyhad mild attack. Patients showing expiratory and inspiratory ef-forts usually had mild or moderate attack. Treatment should betailored to the degree of attack
Comparison of seroconversion rates between low-dose intradermal and recommended dose intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination in children
Authors: Harsono Sony HA , Anwar Zarkasih , Pardede Nancy
Published: March 2017

Introduction Massive hepatitis B vaccination is expensive. Re-sults of studies showed that reduced dosage given intradermallyto adults and intramuscularly to children were able to induceseroconversion.Objective To compare the anti-HBs seroconversion (seropositiveand seroprotective) rates between intradermal low-dose of 2 mg(ID-2) and intramuscular recommended dose of 10 mg (IM-10)vaccination against hepatitis B.Methods In a randomized clinical trial, using the hepatitis B plasmavaccine, elementary school children in Tanjung Enim subdistrict,80-168 months of age, were randomly assigned to be given threedoses of either the ID-2 (n=59) or IM-10 (n=64) vaccinations atone month intervals. Seropositive (anti HBs titer >2.1 mIU/l) andseroprotective (anti HBs >10 mIU/l) rates as well as the seroposi-tive and seroprotective geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) werecompared one month after each inoculation. A p value of <0.1was considered statistically significant.Results One month after the third inoculation, there was no sig-nificant difference in the seropositive rate (95% vs. 89%),seroprotective rate (85% vs. 83%), seropositive GMTs (55.85 mIU/l vs. 61.24mIU/l), and seroprotective GMTs (73.86 mIU/l vs. 72.49mIU/l) between the ID-2 and the IM-10 groups (all with p>0.1)Conclusion Reduced doses of the hepatitis B vaccine given in-tradermally may offer protection against hepatitis B, thus it may beuseful for mass vaccination programs
Clinical and laboratory manifestations of childhood and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Faisal Syarif , Akib Arwin , Tambunan Taralan
Published: March 2017

Background Childhood-onset SLE is more severe than the adult type.Objective To compare the clinical and laboratory manifestationsof childhood- and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods A retrospective study on child and adult SLE patientswas conducted in the Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunol-ogy, Department of Child Health and Department of Internal Medi-cine, Medical School, University of Indonesia/CiptoMangunkusumoHospital (FKUI/RSCM) Jakarta.Subjects One hundred and twenty-nine subjects met the studycriteria consisting on 54 childhood- onset (41.9%), 75 adult-onset(58.1%), and 122 (94.6%) females and 7 (5.4%) males from Janu-ary 1995 until December 2000.Results Fever, arthralgia and vasculitis were the most frequentsigns found in both childhood-onset and adult-onset SLE. The liver,spleen, lymph nodes, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract, andeyes were the organs involved and significantly had a larger pro-portion in the childhood-onset. Decrease of C3 was more frequentlyfound in the childhood-onset. Out of 17 childhood-onset patientswho died, 13 died at the age of 0-11 year-old. Two of the adult-onset patients also died.Conclusion Childhood-onset SLE had some different character-istics compared to adult form