bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABLATION AND CHEMICAL ALTERATION OF COSMIC DUST PARTICLES DURING ENTRY INTO THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Rudraswami N. G. , Prasad M. Shyam , Dey S. , Plane J. M. C. , Feng W. , Carrillo-Sánchez J. D. , Fernandes D.
Published: December 2016

Most dust-sized cosmic particles undergo ablation and chemical alteration during atmospheric entry, which alters their original properties. A comprehensive understanding of this process is essential in order to decipher their pre-entry characteristics. The purpose of the study is to illustrate the process of vaporization of different elements for various entry parameters. The numerical results for particles of various sizes and various zenith angles are treated in order to understand the changes in chemical composition that the particles undergo as they enter the atmosphere. Particles with large sizes (> few hundred μm) and high entry velocities (>16 km s−1) experience less time at peak temperatures compared to those that have lower velocities. Model calculations suggest that particles can survive with an entry velocity of 11 km s−1 and zenith angles (ZA) of 30°–90°, which accounts for ∼66% of the region where particles retain their identities. Our results suggest that the changes in chemical composition of MgO, SiO2, and FeO are not significant for an entry velocity of 11 km s−1 and sizes <300 μm, but the changes in these compositions become significant beyond this size, where FeO is lost to a major extent. However, at 16 km s−1 the changes in MgO, SiO2, and FeO are very intense, which is also reflected in Mg/Si, Fe/Si, Ca/Si, and Al/Si ratios, even for particles with a size of 100 μm. Beyond 400 μm particle sizes at 16 km s−1, most of the major elements are vaporized, leaving the refractory elements, Al and Ca, suspended in the troposphere.
LINEAR POLARIZATION OF CLASS I METHANOL MASERS IN MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Authors: Kang Ji-hyun , Byun Do-Young , Kim Kee-Tae , Kim Jongsoo , Lyo A-Ran , Vlemmings W. H. T.
Published: December 2016

Class I methanol masers are found to be good tracers of the interaction between outflows from massive young stellar objects with their surrounding media. Although polarization observations of Class II methanol masers have been able to provide information about magnetic fields close to the central (proto)stars, polarization observations of Class I methanol masers are rare, especially at 44 and 95 GHz. We present the results of linear polarization observations of 39 Class I methanol maser sources at 44 and 95 GHz. These two lines are observed simultaneously with one of the 21 m Korean VLBI Network telescopes in single-dish mode. Approximately 60% of the observed sources have fractional polarizations of a few percent in at least one transition. This is the first reported detection of linear polarization of the 44 GHz methanol maser. The two maser transitions show similar polarization properties, indicating that they trace similar magnetic environments, although the fraction of the linear polarization is slightly higher at 95 GHz. We discuss the association between the directions of polarization angles and outflows. We also discuss some targets having different polarization properties at both lines, including DR21(OH) and G82.58+0.20, which show the 90° polarization angle flip at 44 GHz.
THE IMPACT OF JWST BROADBAND FILTER CHOICE ON PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT ESTIMATION
Authors: Bisigello L. , Caputi K. I. , Colina L. , Fèvre O. Le , Nørgaard-Nielsen H. U. , Pérez-González P. G. , Pye J. , Werf P. van der , Ilbert O. , Grogin N. , Koekemoer A.
Published: December 2016

The determination of galaxy redshifts in the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) blank-field surveys will mostly rely on photometric estimates, based on the data provided by JWST’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) at 0.6–5.0 μm and Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) at

. In this work we analyze the impact of choosing different combinations of NIRCam and MIRI broadband filters (F070W to F770W), as well as having ancillary data at

, on the derived photometric redshifts (z
phot) of a total of 5921 real and simulated galaxies, with known input redshifts z = 0–10. We found that observations at

are necessary to control the contamination of high-z samples by low-z interlopers. Adding MIRI (F560W and F770W) photometry to the NIRCam data mitigates the absence of ancillary observations at

and improves the redshift estimation. At z = 7–10, accurate z
phot can be obtained with the NIRCam broadbands alone when

, but the z
phot quality significantly degrades at

. Adding MIRI photometry with 1 mag brighter depth than the NIRCam depth allows for a redshift recovery of 83%–99%, depending on spectral energy distribution type, and its effect is particularly noteworthy for galaxies with nebular emission. The vast majority of NIRCam galaxies with [F150W] = 29 AB mag at z = 7–10 will be detected with MIRI at [F560W, F770W]

mag if these sources are at least mildly evolved or have spectra with emission lines boosting the mid-infrared fluxes.
Construct Validity of Radiographs of the Feet to Assess Joint Damage in Patients with Gout
Authors: Spaetgens Bart , van Durme Caroline , Webers Casper , Tran-Duy An , Schoonbrood Thea , Boonen Annelies
Published: December 2016

Objective.

To investigate construct validity of radiographic damage of the feet in gout.

Methods.

Radiographs of the feet were scored using the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Factors associated with damage were investigated by a negative binomial model, and contribution of damage to health by linear regressions.

Results.

Age, disease duration, serum uric acid, and tophi were associated with being erosive and erosion score. Tophi were associated with joint space narrowing. Erosions were associated (β 0.47, 95% CI 0.09–0.84) with physical function, but damage was not associated with overall physical health.

Conclusion.

Our results support construct validity for radiographs of the feet when assessing joint damage in gout.
Le paradoxe de la représentation
Authors: Revault d’Allonnes Myriam , Fœssel Michaël
Published: December 2016

Dès l’Antiquité, la représentation est à la fois ce qui relie et qui sépare. La modernité hérite de ce paradoxe qu’elle tente de résoudre par le concept de nation, pourtant aussi fictive que le peuple. L’acte de se représenter, aussi fragile soit-il, permet de retrouver sa puissance d’agir.
La société décente ou la politique au temps des catastrophes
Authors: Lagrange Hugues
Published: December 2016

Le programme d’une société décente, critique du primat kantien du juste sur le bien, abandonne pourtant la perspective d’un bien commun pour, simplement, éviter d’humilier. Cela passe par de quoi se nourrir, se loger et les garanties de l’État de droit.
La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial de las Pymes del Estado de Guanajuato, México
Authors: Conraud Koellner Eva , Ojeda Hidalgo José Felipe , Guadalupe Arredondo Hidalgo María
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête et entretiens approfondis dans des PME de l’État de Guanajuato, Mexique, pour mesurer la façon dont elles intègrent les aspects de RSE dans leurs activités. Les résultats indiquent que les propriétaires de PME ont tendance à confondre la RSE avec leur propre style de management, traditionnellement paternaliste au Mexique. La pression du marché est leur principale motivation pour adopter la RSE, avec une priorité pour les bonnes pratiques opérationnelles pour les consommateurs et pour la participation active au développement de la communauté. Cela correspond aux aspects les plus visibles de la RSE pour les parties prenantes.
Ricardo Larrivée et Brigitte Coutu – L’appétit entrepreneurial
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: December 2016

Couple en parfaite symbiose avec une vision d’affaires dont l’horizon est sans cesse repoussé – « puisqu’on ne peut jamais avoir trop d’ambition » –, Ricardo Larrivée et Brigitte Coutu incarnent la réussite heureuse. Recette d’une bonne fortune.
Les coopératives : la force du nombre
Authors: Normandin François
Published: December 2016

D’une ampleur souvent sous-estimée, les coopératives constituent une force d’importance au sein des économies dans lesquelles elles s’insèrent. À l’échelle du globe, elles regroupent un milliard de membres et fournissent du travail à 250 millions de personnes tout en générant un revenu annuel combiné de 2,2 trillions de dollars. Prenez la pleine mesure du mouvement coopératif international et des organisations qui le composent.
Gestionnaires : développez une mentalité mondiale !
Authors: Plourde Yves
Published: December 2016

« Success is all in the global mindset. » C’est dans ces termes que Vijay Govindarajan et Anil Gupta résumaient, il y a près de 20 ans, ce qui permet aux firmes multinationales de se distinguer et de perdurer dans le nouvel ordre mondial. Mais en quoi consiste une mentalité mondiale ? Comment contribue-t-elle au succès et comment les dirigeants peuvent-ils implanter cette mentalité au sein de leur organisation ?
Les réglementations environnementales et l’innovation verte – Une relation parfois ambiguë
Authors: Chartier Caroline Chabot , Sinclair-Desgagné Bernard
Published: December 2016

Les réglementations environnementales, en particulier celles visant à réduire la dépendance aux combustibles fossiles, encouragent de façon déterminante l’innovation verte. Toutefois, elles peuvent nuire à un tel essor lorsqu’elles sont mal harmonisées. À travers sa propre expérience, Idénergie, une jeune entreprise québécoise dont la technologie d’avant-garde permet de générer de l’électricité à partir de cours d’eau peu profonds, prouve la nécessité de les rendre plus cohérentes.
Êtes-vous juste un patron… ou un patron juste ?
Authors: Bertholet Jean-François , Gaudet Marie-Claude
Published: December 2016

Moins souvent abordé en gestion, le thème de la justice revêt pourtant une importance capitale dans les organisations. Les employés y sont particulièrement sensibles, et l’injustice peut avoir de véritables conséquences sur leur santé ou leur performance. Quels sont les grands éléments qui vous permettront de passer de juste patron… à un patron juste ?
Abordando borderlands. La representación literaria de la frontera en la novela Their dogs came with them de Helena María Viramontes
Authors: Riebová Markéta
Published: December 2016

Valiéndose de tres aproximaciones teóricas mutuamente entrelazadas, el artículo analiza la complejidad del espacio fronterizo en la representación literaria de Los Ángeles en la novela Their dogs came with them de Helena María Viramontes.
Socially Engaged Art Education
Authors: Schlemmer Ross H.
Published: December 2016

Community Arts have a long history within art and education, yet its practices continue to evolve. The issue of nomenclature when discussing such socially engaged practices raises the deeper questions of whether work in this area suggests the formalization of yet another new genre of art, or does it entail a more profound re-ordering of the discursive system that underlies most existing modes of artistic production? This chapter attends to individual differences and similarities in perception and practice through a careful consideration for how the field of art education might nurture new and diverse articulations of community-based practices that emphasize relational aesthetics, participatory pedagogy, and socially engaged artistic practices. This chapter will (re)frame the discourse as Socially Engaged Art Education (SEAE) to emphasize a new terrain of consciousness that is socially responsible and ethically sound, and goes beyond mere promotion of aesthetic quality to contribute to improved quality of life.
Significant Spaces of Freedom Summer
Authors: Danker Stephanie Harvey , Baer Stephanie
Published: December 2016

During the 2014-15 academic year, Miami University celebrated the 50th anniversary of Freedom Summer with a plethora of events, exhibitions, and visual reminders of what it means to be called to action. As the university-wide theme, students, faculty, and staff became involved in a communal call to remember, reflect, and participate. The goal of this chapter is to describe how various communities came together to remember and celebrate an important part of local (and national) history through interwoven visual experiences and dialogue. The authors highlight several key art forms that took community members from a place of simple recall, to a more empathetic and compassionate space and attitude concerning events of Freedom Summer. The chapter consists of four examples of spaces that utilized different art forms: the individual/preparatory space, museum space, conference space, and experiential classroom space. Each section weaves through and around the idea of curriculum, communities present, the art form itself and implications for teaching, learning, and civic responsibility.
Creating Authentic Preservice Art Teaching Experiences through Service-Learning
Authors: Miraglia Kathy Marzilli
Published: December 2016

This chapter contextualizes the literature on service-learning and outlines ways to design, conduct and evaluate service-learning projects by identifying strengths, weaknesses, capacity and sustainability of service-learning programs, and clarifies goals, objectives, and values of service-learning pre-practica for preservice art education candidates. The examples describe a service-learning based program for preservice art teachers that provided authentic teaching experiences in the field, or in situ. In addition, this project sought to foster a better understanding of, and commitment to, the visual arts and provide meaningful service to local community agencies through the introduction, development, and implementation of service-learning visual arts courses in the university curriculum.
Surviving the Partnership
Authors: Barker Jennifer , Thompson Jennifer , Hurley Pamela
Published: December 2016

This chapter breaks down the process and application of community engagement projects within a department of architecture, at an urban-serving research university. As a matter of policy, the department requires community engagement projects in all design studios, and as such, promotes a culture of engaged learning. The authors present an overview of engaged culture based on their experiences with community engagement projects, including strengths and areas for improvement. This is supported by the presentation of an arts-based project involving plastic reuse that brought together university students and primary school students. The authors conclude with recommendations for sustaining a culture of engagement, including aspects they seek to implement as they continue to foster engaged learning and further their own engaged scholarship.
The Arts, Civic Engagement, and Urban Youth
Authors: Grebe Amy M.
Published: December 2016

The Arts, Civic Engagement, and Urban Youth explores methods for using the arts as a vehicle to empower urban youth to become critically engaged in their communities and positively improve their quality of life. Barriers that prevent urban youth from critically engaging social injustices and inequalities are examined and arts-based responses offered. An arts-integrated methodology is woven into previously researched and proposed pathways to civic engagement in order to offer urban youth opportunities for hope and healing from chronic adversity. This arts-integrated methodology facilitates in the development of self-efficacy and knowledge for youth to successfully affect sustainable change in their communities.
Crank It to Eleven
Authors: Pridemore Amelia A.
Published: December 2016

Music festivals' popularity has exploded, boosting revenues for host cities, artists, businesses, and a struggling recording industry. They also provide an environment very conducive for community development, for both locals and visitors alike. This research attempts to fill a literature gap by building on urban policy and arts policy theories to show how music festivals and music, in general, fit into the academic public administration discourse. These festivals have the potential to increase host cities' residents' quality of life and allow residents and visitors alike to experience new culture and showcase their own. However, a city that considers hosting a music festival cannot dive into the situation without careful considerations of significant challenges others have faced. Given these significant implications for cities for the better or worse, public administration scholars should examine this topic carefully and continue to monitor the new information about these festivals as it develops.
From Conflict to Constructive Engagement
Authors: Roy Beth
Published: December 2016

After many years of divisive controversy over a mural on the local branch library's walls, a San Francisco neighborhood elected to mediate the dispute. Participants faced the task of getting beyond wounds of battle in order to work collaboratively to create a solution acceptable to the community. Through that process, community was redefined as a protected and welcoming space for both long-time neighbors and newcomers. The mediator, a local resident, presents a case history of the process, the impact on the community, and the significance for dynamics of engagement in other places around issues of public art.
Discursos de livros de autoajuda e subjetividades prêts-à-porter
Authors: Chiaretti Paula , Tfouni Leda Verdiani
Published: December 2016

Algumas modificações no laço social estão relacionadas à reformulação da estrutura social pautada pelo mercado e pela atual lógica de consumo, bem como às valorizações de alguns saberes (em especial, o científico) em detrimento de outros. Este artigo pretende abordar essas modificações do laço social que, por sua vez, levam a novos sintomas e tipos de mal-estar na atualidade por meio da análise discursiva de títulos de livros de autoajuda. Ao formularem promessas de completude (relacionadas aos discursos capitalista e da ciência), essa lógica do sucesso universalizante se alimenta dos próprios fracassos, substituindo, a cada vez que se formula, o impossível pela necessidade.
A turbulência entre compreensão mútua e teleatendimento: contribuições da Linguística Aplicada para estabilizar essa conexão
Authors: Oliveira Roberto Perobelli
Published: December 2016

Ostermann, A. C., Oliveira, M. C. L. (2015). Você está entendendo? Contribuições dos estudos de fala-em-interação para a prática do teleatendimento. Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras. ISBN 978-85-7591-354-3
Editorial
Authors: Passetti Maria Célia Cortez
Published: December 2016

Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture, volume 38(4) de 2016.
Effect of Sintering Time on Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate and Nb Doped Barium Titanate
Authors: Rahman M.K. , Hossain M.F. , Shorowordi Kazi Mohammad , Matin M.A.
Published: December 2016

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) with its perovskite structure is a promising dielectric material for many applications such as transducers, actuators, high-k dielectrics and multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC). In this study, we have investigated the effect of sintering time on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 and Nb-doped BaTiO3. BaTiO3 was doped with 0.3 mol % niobium oxide (Nb2O5). At first, nanosized pure BaTiO3 and Nb2O5 doped BaTiO3 were milled, dried and pressed into pellets to prepare green samples. Then, the samples were sintered at 1275°C for different time periods ranging from 2 to 5 hrs. Single stage sintering was adopted for the densification of prepared samples. Microstructure of the sintered samples was investigated employing Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Dielectric properties of the samples were measured using an impedance analyzer. Finally, a correlation was established between the dielectric properties of the sintered samples and their microstructure. Nb has shown to provide strong inhibiting effect after sintering the samples in the range of 2 to 5 hours at 1275°C thereby, resulted in higher dielectric properties of doped BaTiO3 ceramics compared to that of pure BaTiO3. The best room temperature dielectric constant of 7200 was obtained for Nb doped BaTiO3 sintered at 1275°C for five hours. Such improved dielectric constant is attributed to the optimum grain size of about 1 micron at this sintering temperature.
A Surface Generation Mechanism of Grinding
Authors: Sharif Ullah A.M.M. , Chowdhury M.A.K. , Kubo Akihiko
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a surface generation mechanism of grinding that captures the microscopic interaction between the abrasive grains and work-surface. The mechanism utilizes both deterministic and stochastic formulations and deals with such realistic constraints as loss/wear and uneven distribution of abrasive grains, roughness of already-ground work-surface, and machine stiffness. Apart from the theoretical treatments, numerical examples are cited showing how the topography of the work-surface evolves because of the proposed mechanism. The work will help build computerized systems ensuring a reliable prediction of the surface roughness due to grinding under the realistic constraints.
Effect of Chromium and Nickel Additions on the Transformation Characteristic and Ferrite Grain Size Refinement of Low Carbon Structural Steels Containing 0.13% C
Authors: Bepari Md Mohar Ali , Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: December 2016

The effect of small addition of chromium and nickel alone or in combination on the transformation characteristic and ferrite grain size of low carbon (0.13%C) structural steels have been studied by cooling suitable steels at four different cooling rates ranging from 120°C/min to 3.6° C/min from temperatures giving a constant austenite grain size of 37 μm. Radio Frequency generator with control system was used for the heat treatment of the steel samples. Optical microscopy of the heat treated samples was carried out. Ferrite grain size was determined from the fictitious ferrite grain size measured by mean linear intercept method and the volume fraction of pearlite obtained by optical microscopy and point counting.
It was found that although the heat treatment of the steels was started from a common austenite grain size, their subsequent ferrite grain size after cooling at the same cooling rate were not the same. Both chromium and nickel enhance the formation of Widmanstatten structure. But chromium is more effective than nickel in the formation of Widmanstatten structure. It was also found that the undissolved particles of chromium carbide (Cr2C) present during austenitizing have no role in determining the ferrite grain size. The precipitating particles of chromium carbide (Cr2C) are excellent ferrite grain size refiners. Nickel refines the ferrite grain size. In presence of nickel, Cr2C precipitates are less effective than Cr2C precipitates in absence of nickel in the refinement of ferrite grain size.
Analysis of Interface Trap Densities for Al2O3 Dielectric Material Based Ultra Thin MOS Devices
Authors: Maity Niladri Pratap , Thakur Rajiv R. , Maity Reshmi , Thapa R.K. , Baishya S.
Published: December 2016

In this paper the interface trap densities (Dit) are analyzed for ultra thin dielectric material based metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices using high-k dielectric material Al2O3. The Dit have been calculated by a novel approach using conductance method and it indicates that by reducing the thickness of the oxide, the Dit increases and similar increase is also found by replacing SiO2 with Al2O3. For the same oxide thickness SiO2 has the lowest Dit and found to be the order of 1011 cm-2eV-1. The Dit is found to be in good agreement with published fabrication results at p-type doping level of 1 × 1017 cm-3. Numerical calculations and solutions are performed by MATLAB and device simulation is done by ATLAS.
Marforming: A Novel Method for Grain Refinement in Ni-Ti Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Basu Ritwik , Szpunar Jerzy A. , Eskandari Mostafa
Published: December 2016

The study presents a comparative evaluation on microstructural modifications of a ternary Ni―Ti―Fe alloy deformed through two different routes of deformation through equal reduction in thickness. These deformation modes were (1) conventional cold rolling and (2) marforming (rolling in liquid nitrogen). The final annealing treatments were kept identical for both processes. Considerable differences in microstructures were brought out through aforementioned deformation modes. Marforming of the alloy led to significant grain refinement as against conventional cold rolling, revealed through electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) studies.
Development of a Passive Damping Tool Holder for the Improvement of Surace Roughness in Turning Operation of Stainless Steel
Authors: Patwari Md Anayet Ullah , Bashar Md K. , Habib Mohammad Ahsan , Aziz Abdul , Alam Mahfuz
Published: December 2016

One special type of passive damping setup has been used to investigate the surface responses with the variation of different process parameters. In this study, a special design capsule type tool holder has been used to investigate the process parameters effect in machining of stainless steel during turning operations under different cutting condition such as-RPM, feed, depth of cut. Inside the capsule high viscous fluid is used as damping materials and its effects has been investigated accordingly. The effect of damping during turning process is investigated by studying generated surface profile for both with and without damping system. It has been observed that surface roughness is better in the newly designed passive damping tool holder compared to normal cutting conditions.
Reduction of Process Lead Time Using Lean Tool - Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
Authors: Chowdhury Antor Habib , Shahriar Sakib , Hossen Tanvir , Mahmud Pallab
Published: December 2016

The research is designed to reduce production lead time using Value Stream Mapping (VSM). The purpose of this lean tool is to uncover the wastes in supply and production process by separating value-adding and non-value-adding steps first and then reduce non-value added steps. A map shows the current state of the operation is drawn first using the time and flow data. By this non-value added actions are recognized and the waste of time and resources between the steps are also identified. To reduce lead time and streamline the process the map is analyzed. The lead time can be reduced by taking some actions or applying some lean tools. Value adding time in the whole process increases and the process production lead time decreases after reducing the wastes. A future state map is made with new and improved processes. Future state map makes the reformed process more effective and more efficient. It comprises the developments through some value stream symbols used only for this mapping. Bata, a leading shoe company was selected for this research work. To draw the current state map, data was collected from the floor. The wastes identified then which were waiting, motion, inventory & transport. The lean tools that were suggested to apply for reducing these wastes were Kanban, Kaizen, Safety Stock and some manpower adjustment. Kanban is a method to achieve JIT, a system to control the logistical chain from a production point of view and also an inventory control system. Safety stock represents an inventory hedge against problems such as downtime, to protect the system against sudden fluctuations in customer orders or system failures. And Kaizen is the small and continuous improvement methods. The result of the research was quite remarkable as this decreases the lead time by around 8% and increases the capacity by 8.8%. It is feasible to use value stream map in the current situation.
Dentists’ knowledge and practice regarding prevention of infective endocarditis
Authors: Ryalat Soukaina , Hassona Yazan , Al-Shayyab Mohammad , Abo-Ghosh Mais , Sawair Faleh
Published: December 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of dentists from Jordan, regarding prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) in dental practice. Materials and Methods: A sample of Jordanian dentists was interviewed regarding their IE knowledge and practice using a validated and pretested survey instrument. Results: Most of the dentists have encountered a patient with IE who needed prophylactic antibiotic (PA) and have prescribed antibiotics to prevent IE. Jordanian dentists’ approach to patients in need for PA varied between the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommendations and the American Heart Association to a lesser degree, but still a relatively high percent (39%) did not know any guidelines to follow although 74% have encountered patients who needed endocarditis prophylaxis. Patients with prosthetic heart valve were ranked on top of medical conditions that required PA (87.4%), and most dentists (94.5%) thought that dental extractions need PA followed by periodontal surgery (88.2%). Conclusion: There is a lack of consistency in the knowledge and practice of Jordanian dentists with regard to IE. There is a need to take actions to improve dentist's knowledge regarding this topic.
Comparing the effects of manual and ultrasonic instrumentation on root surface mechanical properties
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Sohail
Published: December 2016

Objective: The aim of the current study is to analyze the surface profiles of healthy and periodontal-treated roots. In addition, manual and ultrasonic instrumentation methods have been compared in terms of surface mechanical properties of root surfaces including surface roughness, hardness, and elastic modulus. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using extracted teeth that were randomly divided into two study groups (1 and 2). Root planing was performed using either Gracey curettes (Group 1) or ultrasonic scaler (Group 2). The noncontact profilometer was used to analyze surface roughness before and after root planing. A nanoindenter was used to analyze the surface mechanical properties. Results: The root planing treatment reduced the peak and valley heights hence decreasing the surface roughness. The average maximum height of peaks (Sp) and average maximum height of valleys (Sv) for control groups remain 83.08 ± 18.47 μm and 117.58 ± 18.02 μm. The Sp was reduced to 32.86 ± 7.99 μm and 62.11 ± 16.07 μm for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The Sv was reduced to 49.32 ± 29.51 μm for Group 1 and 80.87 ± 17.99 μm Group 2. The nanohardness and modulus of elasticity for cementum of the control group remain 0.28 ± 0.13 GPa and 5.09 ± 2.67 GPa, respectively. Conclusions: Gracey curettes and ultrasonic scalers are capable of significantly reducing the roughness following root planing. Although Gracey curettes produced smoother surfaces than ultrasonic scalers, there was no significant difference.
Clinical management of an atypical dental invagination
Authors: Badran Zahi , Lopez-Cazaux Serena , Crauste Eléonore , Bray Estelle , Soueidan Assem , Armengol Valérie
Published: December 2016

Dental invagination (DI) is a tooth malformation that usually affects permanent teeth. Its precise etiology is still controversial and represents a clinical challenge as it can favor the development of carious lesion or periodontal inflammation. This paper presents a case of a 23-year-old Caucasian male, where an atypical buccal DI could not be completely diagnosed in the dens invaginatus category. Furthermore, other differential diagnoses could not be confirmed. The dental malformation was seen on a permanent maxillary first incisor and was associated with periodontal inflammation and attachment loss. Successful clinical management of this case consisted of surgical restorative treatment and regular follow-up, accompanied by thorough oral hygiene procedures.
Endodontic management of dens invaginatus Type IIIb: Case series
Authors: Martins Jorge N. R. , da Costa Rui Pereira , Anderson Craig , Quaresma Sérgio André , Corte-Real Luís S. M. , Monroe Adam D.
Published: December 2016

Dens invaginatus may be seen as a developmental malformation. It is characterized by an invagination of the enamel and dentin, creating a lumen inside the affected tooth, which may extend as deep as the apical foramen. Oehlers Type IIIb is considered the most challenging clinical conditions. The purpose of this study is to discuss the nonsurgical endodontic management of vital and necrotic dens invaginatus Type IIIb cases. Due to the complex anatomical consideration of dens invaginatus Type IIIb, endodontic treatment is extremely technique sensitive. A conservative approach was used in a vital case to treat the invaginated lumen only, to preserve the vitality of the pulp, and a more invasive approach was used in a necrotic case to debride the lumen and necrotic pulp for proper disinfection of the root canal system. Although different, all the approaches were successful. The clinical signs and symptoms were resolved. The vital case remains vital after 19 months, and the recall radiographs were able to show satisfactory periapical healing both in vital and necrotic cases. Due to the highly complex anatomy of dens invaginatus Type IIIb, the decision of preserving the pulp vitality may not be related only to pulpal diagnosis but also to the technical requirements of the treatment. Although very technically sensitive, it may be possible to treat the invaginated lumen exclusively, while preserving the vitality of the pulp. Necrotic cases may require a more aggressive approach to achieve a favorable prognosis.
Gingival crevicular fluid periostin levels in chronic periodontitis patients following nonsurgical periodontal treatment with low-level laser therapy
Authors: Kumaresan Dhanangchaayan , Balasundaram Aruna , Naik Vanaja Krishna , Appukuttan Deva Priya
Published: December 2016

Objective: Periostin is a matricellular protein highly expressed in periosteum, periodontal ligament and is essential for tissue integrity and maturation. It plays a role in collagen fibrillogenesis and is downregulated in periodontal disease. Biostimulation utilizing low-level laser therapy (LLLT) influences periodontal ligament fibroblast proliferation. This study was conducted with the objective of estimating periostin levels in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients following LLLT as an adjunct to root surface debridement (RSD). Materials and Methods: Thirty periodontally healthy participants (Group I) and sixty CP participants were recruited. Based on the therapeutic intervention, CP patients were allocated to either RSD (Group II) or to RSD with LLLT (Group III) group. Clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels were assessed at the baseline and at the 3rd month. Results: Periostin levels were significantly lower in CP patients when compared to healthy individuals at the baseline (P < 0.01). Following nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), periostin levels significantly increased in both Group II and III, when compared to baseline values (P < 0.001). Comparison of mean periostin levels between both the treatment groups showed a significant increase in LLLT group than RSD at the 3rd month (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, LLLT application was found to have additional benefits over RSD with respect to clinical periodontal parameters and GCF periostin levels. Moreover, periostin may be used as a possible biomarker to evaluate the outcome following NSPT.
The Internet of Things: Are we there yet?
Authors: Alonso-Zarate Jesus
Published: December 2016

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Computing Fluid-Structure Interaction by the Partitioned Approach with Direct Forcing
Authors: Timalsina Asim , Hou Gene , Wang Jin
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we propose a new partitioned approach to compute fluid-structure interaction (FSI) by extending the original direct-forcing technique and integrating it with the immersed boundary method. The fluid and structural equations are calculated separately via their respective disciplinary algorithms, with the fluid motion solved by the immersed boundary method on a uniform Cartesian mesh and the structural motion solved by a finite element method, and their solution data only communicate at the fluid-structure interface. This computational framework is capable of handling FSI problems with sophisticated structures described by detailed constitutive laws. The proposed methods are thoroughly tested through numerical simulations involving viscous fluid flow interacting with rigid, elastic solid, and elastic thin-walled structures.
Теорема Гончара-Шталя o $\rho^2$ и связанные с ней направления исследований по рациональным аппроксимациям аналитических функций
Authors: Rakhmanov Evguenii Andreevich
Published: December 2016

Теорема Гончара-Шталя о $\rho^2$ характеризует скорость сходимости наилучших (чебышeвских) равномерных рациональных приближений (со свободными полюсами) для одного из важнейших классов аналитических функций. Сама эта теорема, ее варианты и обобщения, методы, используемые в доказательстве, и прочие моменты составляют важную подобласть теории рациональных приближений аналитических функций и комплексного анализа.
В статье вкратце очертены контуры этой подобласти. В центре изложения находится фундаментальный вклад А. А. Гончара и Г. Шталя в эту теорию.
Библиография: 70 названий.
Clinical Assessment of Low Back Pain: A Neurosurgical Point of View
Authors: Landi Alessandro , Grasso Giovanni , Colistra Davide , Ambrosone Angela , Delfini Roberto
Published: December 2016

The diagnosis of low back pain (LBP) is complex and multifactorial, and a clear etiology responsible for the symptoms is often not detectable. Clinical history and neurological examination are essential for differential diagnosis, because they allow the identification of the specific pathology. The radiological investigation allows to confirm diagnosis, but the indication must always be correlated with clinical findings to not perform unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Management of LBP can involve many specialists – neurosurgeon, orthopedist, physiatrist, physiotherapist – everyone with different knowledge and experience because very often the cause is multifactorial. However, it is mandatory to clarify diagnosis of LBP; in this way, the clinical pathway is fundamental to understand pathogenesis and to determine appropriate treatment.
Exomphalos Major in Adults: A Treatment Modality
Authors: Huda Tanweerul , Mhaske Ashok
Published: December 2016

Omphalocele (OC) is a congenital abdominal wall defect (CAWD) at the site of the umbilical ring with evisceration of the bowel covered by a three-layered membrane of peritoneum, Wharton's jelly, and amnion. It is associated with an underdeveloped abdominal cavity and a high degree of viscera abdominal disproportion. An adult female giant OC patient was treated at our hospital using the component separation technique (CST) after reviewing different standard techniques. No evidence of any compartment syndrome or ventral hernia was detected postoperatively. Giant OC in an adult healed in the same way using CST as in an infant with favorable outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Efficacy of Hand and Rotary NiTi Instruments in Gutta-percha Removal in Root Canal Retreatment: An in vitro study
Authors: Dass Abhilasha , Saxena Ajay , Chandak Manoj , Nikhade Pradnya , Bhatia Chandani , Kalra Madhur
Published: December 2016

To evaluate the efficacy and cleaning ability of two different rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments and hand instruments with and without solvent (Endosolv R) in the removal of gutta-percha (GP) root fillings. Sixty extracted single-rooted anterior teeth were enlarged to size F3 and obturated with warm vertical compaction using AH Plus as the sealer. Removal of GP was performed with the following devices and techniques: Hedstrom files, ProTaper, and R-Endo files. The technique that removed GP most effectively was found using R-Endo instruments and Endosolv R, followed by R-Endo without solvent, followed by ProTaper with solvent, ProTaper without solvent, followed by Hedstrom files with solvent, and Hedstrom files without solvent. There was no visible filling material extruded apically. They concluded that under the experimental conditions, R-Endo and ProTaper NiTi instruments proved to be efficient and time-saving devices for the removal of GP. The use of Endosolv R as a solvent shortened the time to reach the working length (WL) and to remove the GP, but this was not significant.
Contact Lens-associated Keratitis by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Authors: Kharbanda Manisha , Bagad Parag , Dey Sunanda
Published: December 2016

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative bacillus. It is known for causing neonatal meningitis and pneumonia, sepsis in case of immunocompromised patients. It can be found in hospital and natural environments. It may exist in freshwater, salt water, and soil. It was previously known as Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium meningosepticum.

Contact lens-induced keratitis with E. meningoseptica which we are reporting is the second case report till date. It has striking resemblance with the case that was published earlier, with minimal difference in presentation, but significant difference in the antimicrobial sensitivity. Most importantly, we also found this infection in healthy individual with no underlying disease.

Thus, we strongly support the case report that was published earlier, and though rare, this microbe should be considered as potential pathogen for contact lens-related keratitis, and increasing resistance to the antimicrobial agents should also be kept in mind.
Glomus Tumor: An Anomalous Cause of Pain in the Finger
Authors: Kurup Jayakrishnan , Acharya Ashwath , Bhat Anil
Published: December 2016

Glomus tumor constitutes 1 to 5% of all hand tumors. They present with the classical triad of severe pain, point tenderness, and cold sensitivity. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, but very often it is missed because of lack of knowledge or inadequate clinical examination. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with glomus tumor of the middle finger with a short discussion on the diagnosis with clinical images of the tumor. Glomus tumor should be in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with pain in the finger.
Morphological and Functional Changes in Schoolchildren with Bad Posture
Authors: Ramova Elizabeta , Ramov Leonid
Published: December 2016

Introduction: In the new millennium, the medical community still deals with the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis as a three-dimensional (3D) curvature known in India before Hippocrates. However, we doctors that deal with deformities of the spine, stick to Reichalt's rule for treatment according to the size of the curvature and its progression. The aim of our study is to explain our own opinion for progression of bad posture in school children according to physical inactivity and use of video terminals (VT).

Materials and methods: We have made some researches about standards of school screening for bad posture and its impact on morphological and functional changes in them.

Results: Most of school children spend more than 2 hours in front of video terminals, they have increased body weight, and postural changes in sagittal plane.

Discussion: Some postural bad positions in age of intensive growth can became structural. In the era of fast technology development the future generation shall have functional changes on body like result of long standing in bad position.

Conclusion: The future studies for bad posture in school children should be aimed to find how much long sitting in front of VT can affect their health in the adult age.
Optimal Grasp Distance and Muscle Loads for People With Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Carpometacarpal and Metacarpophalangeal Immobilization Orthoses
Authors: Liu Chien-Hsiou , Yip Kai-Shun , Fan Shih-Chen
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) require greater muscle loads to equal the grip strength of healthy adults and to find the optimal grip distance for people with RA using carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal immobilization orthoses as measured by electromyography of the forearm muscles.

METHOD. A 2 × 2 (Group × Orthosis) experiment and a 2 × 3 (Orthosis × Grasp Distance) factorial were conducted. Grip strength and muscle load were measured.

RESULTS. Grip strength was significantly lower, and muscle load was greater, in 18 participants with RA than in 18 healthy adults. No effect of orthosis use on grip strength and muscle load was found. Muscle load was lower for the 42.25-mm diameter dynamometer handle than for handles with larger diameters.

CONCLUSION. People with RA require more muscle load than healthy adults to produce the same exertion, and 42.25 mm is recommended for people with RA as the optimal grasp distance.
Role of Occupational Therapy in Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders With Recycling Workers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fisher Thomas
Published: December 2016

Little is known about injury prevention in recycling workers; therefore, in this study, I aimed to identify physical and psychosocial risk factors for employees involved in single-stream recycling and to explore strategies for prevention and wellness. Fifteen participants who were either recycling workers or supervisors located throughout seven locations on an urban university campus participated. A mixed-methods research design was used to obtain data through a variety of standardized work environment and health questionnaires and semistructured interviews. Approximately 80% of participants expressed satisfaction with their jobs; 50% reported having a musculoskeletal injury; and 33% reported a lack of support from coworkers or supervisors, which created stress and anxiety. Additional risk factors included poor body mechanics, equipment issues, poor social interactions, and lack of supervisor knowledge for prevention. Occupational therapy practitioners are well situated to support preventive interventions that address the combined physical and psychosocial needs of recycling workers.
Evaluation of Hand Forces During a Joint-Protection Strategy for Women With Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: McGee Corey , Mathiowetz Virgil
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated whether a joint-protection strategy changes the mechanics of opening a sealed jar.

METHOD. Thirty-one adult women with hand osteoarthritis attempted to open a “sealed” jar instrument when using and not using nonskid material. Grip force, torque, success, and pain were recorded for each trial.

RESULTS. Participants used less grip force when twisting with their left hand. The greatest torque and success, yet the least amount of grip force across time, and pain was noted when the left hand turned the lid, the jar was held vertically, the right hand supported the base, and nonskid material was used.

CONCLUSION. Women with hand osteoarthritis should be educated to consider the hand they use and their approach when opening sealed jars. Use of nonskid material without additional reasoning may increase load on arthritic joints, pain, and dysfunction. Additional research on task kinematics and the kinetics of the stabilizing hand is needed.
Current Evidence and Opportunities for Expanding the Role of Occupational Therapy for Adults With Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Roll Shawn C.
Published: December 2016

Musculoskeletal conditions are the second greatest cause of disability worldwide, and chronic musculoskeletal conditions affect nearly the same percentage of the general population as chronic circulatory and respiratory conditions combined. Moreover, people with musculoskeletal conditions experience a significant decline in independence with daily activities and occupational performance, key areas targeted by occupational therapy interventions. This special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy provides comprehensive summaries of evidence for the care of common musculoskeletal conditions, highlights important implications that support evidence-informed practice, and proposes ways to advance the practice of occupational therapy to improve the lives of people with musculoskeletal conditions.