bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More Grimaces, Fewer Smiles: Notes on The Thin Line Between The Smile and Grimace in Photographic Depictions
Authors: Lehmuskallio Asko
Published: November 2020

Grimaces are important facial expressions used in situated interactions for questioning social hierarchies and power relations. They counter the warmth of the smile and its invitation for shared foci of attention. In the photographs that surround us, the grimace is seldom to be found, whereas the smile is an almost ubiquitous expression in depictions in our “facial societies” (Macho, 2011). Interestingly, the need for depicted smiles provides us increasingly with images that depict not only smiles but, ever more, “as if” versions of smiles, facial expressions that we can identify with Goffman as “teeth grimaces”. While teeth grimaces reveal some aspects of how smiles are produced for depiction for our facial societies, the paper further suggests that we need more grimaces and fewer smiles in order to remember how social hierarchies and power relations, far from being abstract phenomena, must be constantly renegotiated in situated interactions.

Keywords: communication, face, grimace, social interaction and the grimace, symbolic power and the grimace
The Black Box Grimaces Back
Authors: Schiller Devon
Published: November 2020

With the algorithmic age of computable emotions, an increasing number of digital artists base the form of their Internet or sculptural installation on Automated Facial Expression Analysis (AFEA), and its functionality achieved via the photographic documentation in face databases. These contemporary artists make visible a digital habit of thought that objectivates the human face into a plastic grotesque of grimacing extremis, and the self inside out into the universal or utilitarian. Yet, most AFEA systems – a term little clarified and much confused with facial recognition or biometrics – are “black box” frameworks. Introduced by the technological industry and scientific experts, such proprietary closed source algorithms veil the majority of program functionality input from available data output, hiding how it works from immediate observation by artist and audience. By problematizing Julius von Bismarck’s Public Face (2008-14) and its intermedial genealogies, I probe the extent to which AFEA represents the face and its expression of emotion from a technostalgic view that reduces scientific complexity, while informing how we think about what we feel today.

Keywords: automated facial expression analysis, biometrics, digital art and science, facial recognition algorithms, photography
Photography at the Fringes: Interview with Simon Menner
Authors: Pevec Iza , Menner Simon
Published: November 2020

Photographer Simon Menner is less and less interested in taking new photographs, the focus of his praxis has for some time now mostly been reflecting photography – he is interested in how we understand images (and why), its different roles and how photography fulfils them. With a series titled Camouflage, he brought into question our faith in the credibility and truthfulness of the photographs. The series shows snipers, hidden in nature. Snipers are not actually being shown, as it is impossible to see them in the vast majority of cases. However, this did not prevent the internet audience from searching for the snipers in an almost “Where is Waldo” manner and spotting them. He addressed a different aspect of the photography with the Surveillance Complex section of his work. The photographs from the Stasi archive are burdened with their potential as the evidence material. Recently, Simon Menner has been obsessively collecting ISIS propaganda. He then analyses it and breaks it down into such details as gestures, beards or embraces. Through this procedure he exposes the often absurd ways of building a propaganda narration. Menner’s projects are diverse, but they revolve mainly around the power(lessness) of photography. We, therefore, began the discussion with the question concerning the role of the artist in today’s world.

Keywords: camouflage, evidence, surveillance, truthfulness, understanding images
Probing: Interview with Peter Koštrun and Peter Rauch
Authors: Ilec Nataša , Koštrun Peter , Rauch Peter
Published: November 2020

In August 2015, photographers Peter Rauch and Peter Koštrun took up the roles of curators at the Celje FOKUS Festival. At the exhibition, which they named Sondiranje (Probing), they compiled a collection of photographs of foreign, anonymous and unknown authors. The collection consists of artifacts collected by the authors in their archives over the years and was, upon receiving the invitation to participate, selected on the basis of their fascination with these artifacts. At one point in time, all the photos served their particular functions: advertising, family, propaganda, artistic expression, etc. The authors highlighted the alternative possibilities for interpreting such images, which may have, due to the time that has elapsed, been exempt from the first context because of the past time, perhaps due to the lack of signatures or the manner of presentation. Their assumption was that engaging viewers would break up the long, uniquely justified ways of understanding photographic material. Visiting authors and collectors were also invited to participate.

Keywords: alternative possibilities, anonymous author, archive, collection, context, probing
Wundercamera Obscura
Authors: Kanicki Witold
Published: November 2020

Archives abounding in collections of nineteenth-century photographs contain numerous examples of works dealing with the subject of bodily anomalies. Information about such pictures being taken used to be published on a regular basis in daily press, in which the readership were notified about photo ateliers which immortalised a variety of “monstrosities”. Although it would seem that such pictures were taken solely for scientific purposes, the many and varied contexts of their use let us link them to a much older tradition of viewing and collecting visual curiosities. Having the above facts in mind, this article confronts the popular habits of photographing peculiarities in the 19th century, with museum practice and the Wunderkammers tradition. The space of a photograph may substitute exhibition space, while a desire to watch all kinds of abnormalities and the culture of curiosity determines the connection between former museum visitors and recipients of photographs.

Keywords: 19ct museum, collecting, curios, photographic archive, wundecamera
From Cheap Films to Museum Collections: The Author’s Significance for the Magnum Archive - Archiving of Invasion 68 by Josef Koudelka
Authors: Skočir Marija
Published: November 2020

The article is based on an insight into the workflows of the Paris agency Magnum Photos. The theoretical framework introduces a modernist model of the author’s concept, which corresponds to Magnum’s type of photographer, based on the specific historical circumstances of the agency’s founding and its modus operandi. The concept of the author as a heroic individual with a unique photographic career and biography is in a reciprocal relationship with i.e. the “myth” which, as the latest study of Magnum’s history has shown, is maintained by the agency throughout the seven decades of its existence. This myth does not exist without the “author”, while the agency does not exist without the “myth”, therefore, according to Foucault, neither the “death of the author” in a Barthesian sense, nor his replacement with the “author’s function” is possible. The author, who makes exclusive decisions regarding production, distribution, use and archiving of his photographs, affects all the processes of the agency’s work. This becomes less ambiguous in the question of the importance of Magnum’s archives, which can be claimed to have a broader relevance for social history. The archiving practice is described on the example of Josef Koudelka’s Invasion 68 series, which, with its unconventionality, shows the challenges of archiving and explains the author’s original solutions.

Keywords: analogue recovery, contact sheet, Josef Koudelka’s “Invasion 68”, Magnum Photos, photographer as the author
A Cabinet of Moments: Collecting and Displaying Visual Content from WeChat
Authors: Proksell Michelle , de Seta Gabriele
Published: November 2020

The Chinternet Archive is a collection of tens of thousands of digital images that artist Michelle Proksell has been collecting over years of everyday use of Chinese social messaging app WeChat. These images all come from public WeChat accounts that Michelle finds through a location-based function of the app called “People Nearby”. By regularly exploring the social media profiles of individuals in a one-kilometer radius from her geographical position, Michelle has been able to collect visual content shared by WeChat users in several Chinese cities as well as ten countries around the world. From filtered selfies to cheesy graphics, and from recurring themes of vernacular photography to emerging genres of postdigital aesthetics, the images collected in the Chinternet Archive offer precious and intimate insights into the everyday lives of Chinese digital media users. This essay introduces Michelle’s collection, presents various research projects and artworks through which the authors have made use of the archive, discusses the potentialities of working with visual content as well as the dangers of appropriating found images in the era of ubiquitous photography.

Keywords: archive, China, found images, vernacular photography, WeChat
Value Re-Orienation in the Era of Change
Authors: Obowu-Adutchay Vincent
Published: November 2020

The issue of value re-orientation has come to a point of crescendo, value re-orientation of students in our traditional society has honesty, hard work, integrity. A survey research design was employed, the population is made up of all senior secondary three (3) in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. Which amounted to two thousand eight hundred and ten (2810). Random sampling technique was employed in the process three hundred (300) were sampled through balloting. The instrument for data collection was developed by the researcher and titled “Value re-orientation questionnaire” (VRQ), Test generated from the classroom. In asserting the validity of the instrument, three experts in the area of test and measurement validated the instrument and the emphasis was on content and face validities. Reliability of the instrument was ascertained by the use of Cronbach Alpha which resulted to 0.85 this gave a high confidence level for the use of instrument., data adopted frequencies and percentages to answer the research questions while analysis of variance and t-test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 of level of significance Some recommendations were made, the right legislation should be enacted to enforce the right values on the students.
Determining Ways of Controlling Unruly Students so as to Curb Destruction of School Building in Boarding Public Secondary Schools in Nyanza, Kenya
Authors: Odhiambo Ogal Dr. Joshua
Published: November 2020

The research investigated ways of controlling unruly students so as to curb destruction of school building in boarding public secondary schools in Nyanza, Kenya. The concept of discipline should not be associated with pain or fear, but rather it should be viewed as a system of guiding the students to make reasonable decisions. Discipline in school and at home should be that which will produce young people who will be responsible when they become adults. The total number of teachers in affected public secondary schools at the time of the study was 102, 300 students and 50 school principals. A sample size of 150 of the following respondents was suitable for the study, that is 25 deputy principals, 100 students and 25 school principals. Data was collected through questionnaire and interviews. Validity and reliability of the instrument were established through expert opinion and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient of 0.80 reliability test respectively. Data was analyzed using Coefficient of Determination, Analysis of Variance, frequency counts and percentages. Ways of controlling unruly students so as to curb destruction of school building in boarding public secondary schools were: preventive type of discipline 33.3%, guidance and counseling 52.4% and application of both preventive and corrective means of discipline scored 47.6%. This study is significant in that it reveals the factors leading to unruly behavior and burning of school premises among boarding public secondary school students in Nyanza. The findings of this study would be useful to the Ministry of Education Science and Technology and the achievement of Kenya Vision 2030 in education.
On the genesis of the gold-silver deposit Kupol (North-East of Russia)
Authors: Ostapenko Nikolay , Neroda Olga
Published: November 2020

A new version of genesis of the epithermal gold-silver deposit Kupol (Chukotka), its mineral composition of ores and conditions of ore-localization based on the analysis of published geological materials on the geological structure had purposed in this article. The active thermal ore-forming role of completing the volcanic cycle of the multiphase subvolcanic complex’ the proximal bodies of the Upper Cretaceous rhyolites had been proved. The main factors of this deposit’ formation and the conditions that favored the appearance of large ore bodies and rich ores were considered. The magma chamber, unified faulty magmatic and fluid conductor, rock screen, flank clusters of subvolcanic rhyolite bodies and their integral thermal anomalies that initiated and sustained the deep fluid thermal convection under the screen, its mixing with fractured pore and meteoric waters and formation of gradient temperature zones, were considered among the main factors. The conjugation of these factors in space and time, the active tectonic regime and the long-term preservation of the deformation plan were the favorable conditions for ore formation. They maintained the high permeability of the fluid conductor, prevented a wide dispersion of fluids and provided a telescopic deposition of different mineral parageneses.
Jewelry and ornamental ammonites from the deposits of the Hauterivian stage of the Ulyanovsk Region: Mineral composition, gemological characteristics
Authors: Petrochenkov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Significant volumes of products from ammonites of jewelry and ornamental quality of the Ulyanovsk region are entering the Russian and world markets. Ammonites are associated with the Lower Cretaceous Hauterivian deposits and consist mainly of aragonite, calcite and pyrite. The walls and partitions of the ammonite shells retained the original aragonite composition. Also established inclusions of apatite, algodonite, pyrolusite, hematite, goethite, quartz, ferrihydrite, magnetite, uranium oxide, vernadite, todorokite, monazite, halloysite, plagioclase, kaolinite, glauconite, dolomite, graphite and organic matter. An important role in the formation of new mineral species was played by bacteria. Mineralization of undamaged ammonite chambers was carried out by the sequential formation of calcite and pyrite layers without metasomatic substitutions. The color of calcite layers is determined by the contents of Mn and Fe. Ammonites are characterized by high decorativeness and good technological characteristics; they can be mined in the coastal cliffs and the beach area of the river Volga without mining, without violating the environment.
Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki Güç İlişkileri Üzerinden Sened-i İttifak’a Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZKUL Yunus Emre
Published: November 2020

Türk tarih yazıcıları, Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki iktidar kavramını padişahlık makamıyla sınırlandırma eğilimindedir. Bu husustaki eğilim, padişahın mutlak otoritesini güçlü bir şekilde vurgularken, devletin geniş bürokratik yapısı içinde iktidar kavramının karmaşık bir bileşenden meydana geldiğini göz ardı etmektedir. Burada padişahın ayırıcı vasfı, iktidar bileşenini meydana getiren aktörlerin zaman içerisinde değişmesine rağmen, padişahın konumunu sürekli olarak muhafaza etmesidir. Ancak altı yüz yıllık Osmanlı tarihi içerisinde iktidarın merkezileştiği ve tek elde toplandığı dönemler olmuştur. Buna karşılık padişah, bu tarihsel sürecin büyük bir bölümünde iktidarı başka aktörlerle paylaşmak durumunda kalmıştır. Sened-i İttifak’ın imzalandığı zaman dilimi de bu dönemlerden birini ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Sened-i İttifak’ı temel örneklem olarak almamızın sebebi, belki de tarihinin hiçbir döneminde Osmanlı iktidar yapısının bu derece parçalanmamış olmasıdır. Öte taraftan merkezde gücünü artıran aktörler hiç olmadığı kadar belirgin hale gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla Sened-i İttifak, Osmanlı iktidar dengelerindeki değişimi anlamada önemli bir örnek olaya dönüşmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda Osmanlı iktidar bileşenini oluşturan dört aktörün bulunduğu ve bunların merkezî iktidarda temel güç haline gelebilmek için aralarında ittifaklar kurmaya çalıştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum nedeniyle Osmanlı iktidar yapısının -en azından bazı dönemlerde- birleşik bir siyasal güç ya da monoblok bir yapıyı temsil etmediği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada niteliksel bir araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve elde edilen veriler sınıflandırılarak doküman analiziyle yorumlanmıştır.
Os efeitos fisiológicos do led vermelho no tegumento
Authors: Honorato Vieira Ana Beatriz , Batista Purificação Márcia , Domingos Flausino Ferreira Mirian , Dias Costa Taylani Dias Costa , Wing Lam Yu , Scholz Ramos Felipe , Da Silva Gante Regina
Published: November 2020

Dentre as novas tecnologias, o LED (sigla de Light Emiting Diode, em português: Diodo Emissor de Luz) é um recurso fototerápico que tem sido amplamente utilizado nas alterações cutâneas. Os diferentes comprimentos de onda são absorvidos por células específicas e esse processo recebe o nome de Fotobiomodulação, promovendo um tratamento seguro, não invasivo e indolor. A Luz na faixa do vermelho possui comprimento de onda de 610-760nm e é utilizada para acelerar o processo de cicatrização de feridas, possui poder de analgesia e anti-inflamatório. Entender os efeitos fisiológicos da Luz Vermelha de LED na pele é o objetivo principal desse trabalho de revisão da literatura e verificar se a Led Terapia tem a mesma eficácia do LASER de baixa potência, no mesmo comprimento de onda do vermelho, é um objetivo específico. A pesquisa se realiza em torno da discussão de cinco artigos científicos sendo possível verificar que, nos casos apresentados pelos autores, os resultados sobre os efeitos no tegumento, em especial o de cicatrização, analgesia e efeitos anti-inflamatórios foram positivos. O presente estudo acena ainda para a importância na continuidade de novas pesquisas para a utilização do LED, em especial, do LED Vermelho, uma vez que seus resultados benéficos foram efetivos para a pele.
Elementos constituintes da atividade do brincar: imaginação e imitação como síntese na ação da criança
Authors: Gnoatto Patrícia , Umbelino Janaina Damasco
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo é parte de uma pesquisa sobre a importância da atividade do brincar para as crianças em idade pré-escolar. Nosso objetivo é apresentar elementos que justifiquem considerá-la como a atividade principal deste período de vida das crianças, bem como compreender o papel que a imaginação e a imitação têm nas ações realizadas durante a brincadeira. Para isso, inicialmente apresentamos o conceito de atividade e atividade principal, fundamentados nos estudos de Vigotski, Leontiev e Elkonin. Na sequência, discorremos como a imaginação e a imitação constituem uma unidade no momento da brincadeira, resultando, desse modo, na ação da criança durante a atividade. Ao final do texto, apresentamos nosso entendimento de que é por meio desta atividade que as crianças da pré-escola se apropriam das atividades tipicamente humanas e da cultura, representando nas brincadeiras de papéis sociais as relações sociais das quais participam, e colocando em ação os sentidos produzidos por meio das experiências que produzem o conteúdo da imaginação e imitação.
Análise de maturidade da gestão do conhecimento em uma tutoria de cursos de graduação a distância
Authors: Sabino Mileide Marlete Ferreira Leal , Todescat Marilda , Santos Neri dos , Costa Alexandre Marino
Published: November 2020

O objetivo geral deste artigo foi de realizar um diagnóstico do grau de maturidade em Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) na Tutoria dos Cursos de Graduação a distância do Departamento de Ciências da Administração da UFSC. Este trabalho é decorrente de um estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa descritiva e aplicada, baseada em uma estrutura teórica e conceitual pertinente ao tema. Para a identificação da maturidade em GC, adotaram-se sete critérios baseados no modelo de Batista (2012). A análise das respostas demonstrou que a maioria dos critérios está com o nível baixo de maturidade em GC, com exceção do critério da tecnologia. Os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa mostram um diagnóstico sobre a maturidade em Gestão do Conhecimento, apontando os pontos fortes e oportunidades de melhorias, proporcionado uma orientação quanto às ações e iniciativas para o desenvolvimento de um futuro Modelo de GC para a Tutoria.
ANÁLISE DE EFICIÊNCIA DAS IFES NO USO DE RECURSOS FINANCEIROS: UMA APLICAÇÃO DEA EM DOIS ESTÁGIOS
Authors: Melonio Antonio Marcos Correia , Lucas Vander Mendes
Published: November 2020

As Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) são compostas principalmente por universidades, sendo que desempenham um papel estratégico no desenvolvimento econômico, social, científico e tecnológico do país. Este estudo buscou avaliar a eficiência das IFES em relação aos gastos de recursos públicos do programa Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI) em 2015 e verificar a relação de eficiência das IFES com variáveis ambientais. A metodologia empregada para medir essa eficiência das IFES foi a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) em dois estágios e a Regressão Tobit. O cálculo da análise de eficiência para o ano 2015 mostrou que 24 IFES foram consideradas eficientes, correspondendo a 44% da amostra, sendo que se destacaram dentre as eficientes a Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, a Universidade Federal do Amapá, a Universidade Federal do Pará e a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Na análise de Regressão Tobit verificou-se a adequação do modelo de eficiência das IFES e como essa eficiência está relacionada com as variáveis ambientais.
Transitional Law and Democracy: late responsibility for torture and other atrocities that ocurred in brazilian Military Coup
Authors: Benente Mauro , Nohara Irene Patricia , Almeida Silvio Luiz
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this study is to focus on the consequences of torture and other atrocities occurred during the Brazilian military coup. Through hypothetical-deductive and inductive methods, it aims to expose the decision of the Supreme Court concerning the Amnesty Law, international condemnation of Brazil in Araguaia case and the responsibility of the State for the death and disappearance of the bodies, including lack of transparency, which are significant worries about transitional law rules. It concerns not only the past, but also has prospective effects, as taking the state oppression out of invisibility contributes to the consolidation of democracy.
O princípio da dignidade humana e suas projeções no âmbito laboral: possibilidades e limites
Authors: Vecchi Ipojucan Demétrius , Garcia Marcos Leite , Pilau Sobrinho Liton Lanes
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a dignidade da pessoa humana de acordo com suas projeções no mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, será abordada a noção de dignidade da pessoa humana no campo jurídico desde a sua positivação constitucional e seus efeitos nas relações entre capital e trabalho. Por fim, serão vistos os limites estruturais para a incidência da dignidade humana nas relações de trabalho. O método utilizado para a pesquisa é o indutivo. Conclui-se que a dignidade humana indica várias limitações salutares ao cidadão trabalhador.
Assessment of anxiety and health-related quality of life in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Guzelhan Yalcin , Oztas Didem Melis , Conkbayir Cenk , Rodoplu Orhan , Erdinc Ibrahim , Canbay Cagla , Ugurlucan Murat , Alpagut Ufuk , Bozbuga Nilgun
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic occlusive vascular disease on anxiety with adverse outcome with health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Material and methods

Three hundred and thirty-five patients who were treated for peripheral arterial occlusive disease were enrolled in this study. 187 patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and 148 patients who had one or more surgical revascularizations enrolled in the study. Mean age of the patients was 62.6 ±10 years. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were male, 46 patients were female. Physical and mental domains of quality of life were measured using the 36-item Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). At baseline 335 patients filled out the SF-36 and STAI, and 304 patients (90.7 % of the series) filled them out at 6-month follow-up.

Results

There was no mortality and no significant morbidity after vascular interventions in the series. Significant improvement was found in two of eight health domains. The score of social functioning increased to 60.4 from 52.6 (p < 0.03) and general health perception increased to 75.1 from 60.5 (p < 0.04) at 6-month follow-up. The two STAI sub-scores, the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) were found high (≥ 40) both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperatively there was no significant decrease of the levels of anxiety.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the assessment of psychosocial factors, particularly the ongoing assessment of anxiety, could help in risk stratification and prediction of functional status in patients suffering from lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
A preliminary study of coronavirus disease 2019 in China:
the impact of cardiovascular disease on death risk
Authors: Rethemiotaki Irene
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The primary purpose of this work is to study coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and to identify the prognostic characteristics of patients with the highest death risk.

Material and methods

The statistical methods used to derive the results of this work are the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the characteristics of COVID-19 associated deaths. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used with the odds ratio (OR) to find statistically significant prognostic factors with the highest death risk for this type of disease.

Results

According to multiple logistic regression analyses, males (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.48–1.91) who are over 50 years old (OR = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.01–51.6) from Hubei (OR = 7.73; 95% CI: 5.71–10.47) have the highest risk of death from this type of disease. Moreover, individuals who are retirees (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 2.47–3.25) and had a Wuhan-related exposure (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.68–2.79) have two times higher risk of death from COVID-19, while the risk is thirteen times higher with the comorbid condition “cardiovascular disease” (OR = 13.6; 95% CI: 10.3–17.9).

Conclusions

The results of this study describe for the first time the importance of cardiovascular disease as a primary prognostic risk factor for death from coronavirus disease 2019.
The accuracy of distribution of non-ST elevation electrocardiographic changes in localising the culprit vessel in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Gifft Kristina , Ghadban Rugheed , Assefa Nina , Luebbering Zachary , Allaham Haytham , Enezate Tariq
Published: November 2020

Introduction

ST-segment elevation distribution on electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) accurately localises the culprit vessel. However, the utility of the ECG changes in localising the coronary culprit territory in the setting of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is not well established.

Material and methods

This study included patients presenting with NSTEMI, who had dynamic non-ST elevation ischaemic changes in one or more ECG leads and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a single vessel between October 2011 and November 2017 in a single university hospital institution. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the distribution of ECG changes in localising the culprit vessel were calculated.

Results

There was a total of 82 patients included in this study, who received PCI to the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and left circumflex (LCX), in 43.9%, 24.4%, and 31.7%, respectively; 51% were male. In this cohort, sensitivity of ECG in localising single-culprit-vessel NSTEMI was 41.5%. The overall accuracy of ECG changes was 50.0%, 72.0%, and 70.0% in LAD, RCA, and LCX distribution, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 72.2% and 32.6% in LAD distribution, 20% and 88.7% in RCA distribution, and 15.4% and 82.1% in LCX distributions, respectively.

Conclusions

Ischaemic non-ST elevation ECG changes had modest accuracy in localising the culprit vessel in patients with PCI-treated NSTEMI. These changes were more sensitive in LAD distribution and more specific in RCA and LCX distributions.
Oxidative stress accelerates the carotid atherosclerosis process in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Azouaou Leila Toualbi , Adnane Mounir , Khelfi Abderrezak , Ballouti Wafa , Arab Medina , Toualbi Chahine , Chader Henni , Tahae Ryne , Seba Atmane
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The atherosclerosis process is highly accelerated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxidative stress is considered as one of the pro-atherogenic factors involved in accelerating the atherosclerosis process of the carotid artery. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between oxidative stress markers and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in CKD patients.

Material and methods

The study was conducted on 162 patients with CKD and 40 controls, and the disease stage was scored between 2 and 5D. Blood samples were taken and advanced oxidative protein product, myeloperoxidases, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, and oxidised low-density lipoprotein were measured. Furthermore, we studied the correlations between these biomarkers and clinical and para-clinical cardiovascular complications.

Results

The average age of patients was 56.5 years. The oxidative stress markers average ± SD levels in CKD groups compared to the control were as follows: advanced oxidation protein product (61.89 ±1.4 vs. 26.65 ±1.05 µmol/l), myeloperoxidase (59.89 ±1.98 vs. 38.45 ±1.98 UI/ml), malondialdehyde (6.1 ±0.12 vs. 3.26 ±0.03 µmol/l), nitric oxide (65.82 ±1.06 vs. 52.19 ±2.1 µmol/l), glutathione (52.21 ±1.3 vs. 89.4 ±2.6 IU/ml), and oxLDL (15.57 ±1.07 vs. 1.72 ±0.82 µmol/l). While the glutathione level decrease significantly in advanced CKD stage (p < 0.05), the concentrations of all the other biomarkers increased significantly in accordance with CKD score (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Cardiovascular diseases, mainly atherosclerosis, can be diagnosed indirectly by measuring oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, theses markers can be used to predict the progression of CKD, for better management of the disease.
Procalcitonin to C-reactive protein ratio is associated with short-term mortality in ischemic stroke patients: preliminary report
Authors: Cho Jooyoung , Jeong Seri , Lee Jong-Han
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Inflammation is associated with the development and progression of ischemic stroke. In this study, we tested the diagnostic ability of procalcitonin (PCT) to C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (PC ratio; ×10-6) to predict 90-day mortality in ischemic stroke patients.

Material and methods

We retrospectively collected the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke from February 2008 to January 2018. We analyzed the data of study patients with both PCT and CRP results, and evaluated the relationship between PC ratio and 90-day mortality. Logistic regression was adjusted for confounders and survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier estimation.

Results

A total of 333 patients were analyzed in this study. As compared with the lowest PC ratio quartile (0–2.1), the odds ratios for 90-day mortality were; 1.47 (95% CI: 0.62–4.20) for the 2nd quartile (2.2–6.3, p = 0.440), 2.54 (95% CI: 0.95–5.91) for the 3rd quartile (6.4–19.6, p = 0.048), and 4.10 (95% CI: 1.73–9.80) for the 4th quartile (≥ 19.7, p = 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, medical history, and laboratory results. A higher PC ratio (≥ 2.2) was associated with higher mortality (p < 0.05) in ischemic stroke patients in Kaplan-Meier estimation, and this was confirmed by the log-rank test (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Procalcitonin to C-reactive protein ratio was found to be positively associated with 90-day mortality in ischemic stroke patients. Our findings indicate that PC ratio may be a useful marker for predicting mortality after ischemic stroke. Further prospective studies are required to investigate and validate the use of PC ratio in clinical practice.
Comprehensive analysis of key lncRNAs in HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Chen Ligang , Pan Jinshui , Chen Meiya , Zhou Jingping , Zhou Fei , Chen Peizhong , Song Yang
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite the therapeutic advances in HCC in the past few decades, the mortality rate of HCC is still high. Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is one of the major etiological risk factors of HCCs. However, the underlying mechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unclear.

Material and methods

Our study represented the comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs in HCV-positive HCC for the first time by analyzing the public dataset GSE17856. Co-expression network and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed the functions of those differentially expressed lncRNAs.

Results

We identified 256 upregulated lncRNAs and 198 downregulated lncRNAs in HCV- positive HCC compared to the normal liver tissues. Co-expression network and GO analysis showed that these lncRNAs were involved in regulating metabolism, energy pathways, proliferation and the immune response. Seven lncRNAs (LOC341056, CCT6P1, PTTG3P, LOC643387, LOC100133920, C3P1 and C22orf45) were identified as key lncRNAs and co-expressed with more than 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCV-related HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression levels of LOC643387, PTTG3P, LOC341056, CCT6P1 and lower expression levels of C3P1 and C22orf45 were associated with shorter survival time in the TCGA dataset.

Conclusions

We believe that this study can provide novel potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for HCV-positive HCC.
Physical activity for health and wellbeing: the role of motives for participation
Authors: Morris Tony , Roychowdhury Dev
Published: November 2020

Health professionals have increasing concern about physical health and wellbeing, as life globally becomes more demanding and stressful, yet people are less active, due to mechanization and automation of work and leisure. Increasing the amount of physical activity (PA) people do is now recognized as a global health priority, but PA continues to decline in many countries. Research on motives for participating in PA shows they have a role in PA promotion. We review theory and research on motives for participation in PA. Then, we describe development and validation of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS), a 40-item measure that includes eight motives. We report on the international validation of PALMS, showing its robustness to varia-tions in language and culture. We describe the development of a youth version, PALMS-Y, and a broader ver-sion that adds motives related to extreme sports. Next, we discuss PALMS research that has examined differ-ences in primary motives based on gender, age, and type of PA, as well as factorial structure invariance. We then consider studies investigating the influence of psychological variables on the relationship between mo-tives for participation in PA and the amount of PA individuals undertake, including self-efficacy, mindfulness, and passion. To aid in the consistent presentation of PA participation motives, we describe a form of motiva-tional profiling for use in research and practice. Finally, we propose ways that motives for participation in PA can be used in interventions to increase PA participation, by matching individuals’ primary motives to the type of PA associated with those motives in large PA samples, or using techniques, such as imagery, to enhance key motives. This should achieve the aim of enhancing health and psychological wellbeing around the world.
Exposure to sexually explicit Internet material among adolescents: a study in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Luot , Tran Thu , Nguyen Thu , Nguyen Dat , Beazley Harriot , Giang Mai
Published: November 2020

Background

With the influence of Confucian culture, sex is often considered a taboo subject in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exposure to sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) among adolescents in Vi-etnam, as well as the factors affecting exposure to SEIM.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of 886 Vietnamese adolescents (58.10% female) aged 15 to 18 years (M = 16.72, SD = 0.72). The survey was adapted from the study of Van Ouytsel, Ponnet and Walrave to assess the frequen-cy of exposure to SEIM. Several measurement scales of factors affecting exposure to SEIM among adoles-cents were used including the Perceived Realism of SEIM, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, the Family Cohesion and the Parental Monitoring Scale.

Results

The overall prevalence of exposure to SEIM was 84.10%, with a gender difference: 89.80% in males and 80.00% in females. The prevalence of passive exposure to SEIM was 58.30%, higher than 41.70% for active exposure. Perceived realism of SEIM, sexual sensation seeking and Internet usage time for entertainment are factors affecting frequencies of exposure to SEIM among adolescents, with β coefficient values of .29, .18 and .16 respectively.

Conclusions

The majority of children in this study reported SEIM exposure. Parents, schools and other stakeholders should pay attention to sex education for children early on, diversifying forms and subjects of sex education. The con-tent of sex education should emphasize the responsibility in the decisions made by children related to sex.
Is it possible to predict the side of hepatic metastases according to the primary location of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Çoruh Ayşegül Gürsoy , Uzun Çağlar , Bozca Esra , Bozca Büşra , Demir İhsan Batuhan , Atasever Hilal Gülseren , Göçtürk Berna , Bakırarar Batuhan , Akyol Cihangir
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the primary location of colorectal adenocarcinoma on the lobar distribution of its hepatic metastases based on the streamline hypothesis.

Material and methods

The hospital database was utilised to identify the colorectal cancer patients. Eighty-six patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma, who had hepatic metastases on the initial diagnostic stage or on the follow-up investigations, were enrolled the study. Computed tomography (CT) images of the study population were reviewed for the primary location of the colorectal tumour, and the side and number of hepatic metastases.

Results

A total of 481 metastases were counted on CT from 22 right-sided and 64 left-sided colon tumours. The ratio of right-to-left hemiliver involvement was 1.97 : 1 for whole study population. The right-to-left ratio was calculated as 1.55 : 1 for right colon tumours and 2.17 : 1 for left colon tumours (p = 0.106). In the subgroup analysis with unilobar metastatic patients, again there was no significant difference in terms of the colorectal tumours’ primary location (p = 0.325).

Conclusions

The lobar distribution of hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma may not be associated with the primary tumour localisation
Models transport Saharan dust too low in the atmosphere: a comparison of the MetUM and CAMS forecasts with observations
Authors: O'Sullivan Debbie , Marenco Franco , Ryder Claire L. , Pradhan Yaswant , Kipling Zak , Johnson Ben , Benedetti Angela , Brooks Melissa , McGill Matthew , Yorks John , Selmer Patrick
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We investigate the dust forecasts from two operational global
atmospheric models in comparison with in situ and remote sensing
measurements obtained during the AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) field
campaign. Airborne elastic backscatter lidar measurements were performed
on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements during August
2015 over the eastern Atlantic, and they permitted us to characterise the dust
vertical distribution in detail, offering insights on transport from the
Sahara. They were complemented with airborne in situ measurements of dust
size distribution and optical properties, as well as datasets from the
Cloud–Aerosol Transport System (CATS) spaceborne lidar and the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We compare the airborne and
spaceborne datasets to operational predictions obtained from the Met Office
Unified Model (MetUM) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
(CAMS). The dust aerosol optical depth predictions from the models are
generally in agreement with the observations but display a low bias.
However, the predicted vertical distribution places the dust lower in the
atmosphere than highlighted in our observations. This is particularly
noticeable for the MetUM, which does not transport coarse dust high enough
in the atmosphere or far enough away from the source. We also found that both
model forecasts underpredict coarse-mode dust and at times overpredict fine-mode dust, but as they are fine-tuned to represent the observed optical
depth, the fine mode is set to compensate for the underestimation of the
coarse mode. As aerosol–cloud interactions are dependent on particle numbers
rather than on the optical properties, this behaviour is likely to affect
their correct representation. This leads us to propose an augmentation of
the set of aerosol observations available on a global scale for constraining
models, with a better focus on the vertical distribution and on the particle
size distribution. Mineral dust is a major component of the climate system;
therefore, it is important to work towards improving how models reproduce its
properties and transport mechanisms.
Uncertainties in the EDGAR emission inventory of greenhouse gases
Authors: Solazzo Efisio , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Muntean Marilena , Choulga Margarita , Janssens-Maenhout Greet
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) estimates the human-induced emission rates on Earth collaborating with atmospheric modelling activities as well as aiding policy in the design of mitigation strategies and in evaluating their effectiveness. In these applications, the uncertainty estimate is an essential component as it quantifies the accuracy and qualifies the level of confidence in the emission. This study complements the EDGAR's emissions inventory with estimation of the structural uncertainty stemming from its base components (activity data statistics (AD) and emission factors (EF)) by i) associating uncertainty to each AD and EF characterizing the emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (GHG) CO2, CH4 and N2O; ii) combining them, and iii) making assumptions for the cross-country uncertainty aggregation of source categories. It was deemed a natural choice to obtain the uncertainties in EFs and AD from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines issued in 2006 (with a few exceptions), since the EF and AD sources and methodological aspects used by EDGAR have been built over the years based on the IPCC recommendations, which assured consistency in time and comparability across countries. While on one side the homogeneity of the method is one of the key strengths of EDGAR, on the other side it facilitates the propagation of uncertainties when similar emission sources are aggregated. For this reason, this study aims primarily at addressing the aggregation of uncertainties sectorial emissions across GHGs and countries. On global average we find that the anthropogenic emissions of the combined three main GHGs for the year 2015 are accurate within an interval of −15 % to +20 % (defining the 95 % confidence of a log-normal distribution). The most uncertain emissions are those related to N2O from agriculture, while CO2 emissions, although responsible for 74 % of total GHG emissions, accounts for and for approximately 11 % of global uncertainty share. Sensitivity to methodological choices is also discussed.
Aircraft measurements of aerosol and trace gas chemistry in the
Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Zawadowicz Maria A. , Suski Kaitlyn , Liu Jiumeng , Pekour Mikhail , Fast Jerome , Mei Fan , Sedlacek Arthur , Springston Stephen , Wang Yang , Zaveri Rahul A. , Wood Robert , Wang Jian , Shilling John E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Aerosol and Cloud Experiment in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) investigated properties of aerosols and subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. Low subtropical marine clouds can have a large effect on Earth's radiative budget, but they are poorly represented in global climate models. In order to understand their radiative effects, it is imperative to understand the composition and sources of the MBL cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The campaign consisted of two intensive operation periods (IOP) (June–July, 2017 and January–February, 2018) during which a fully instrumented G-1 aircraft was deployed from Lajes Field on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal. The G-1 conducted research flights in the vicinity of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) atmospheric observatory on Graciosa Island. An Aerodyne HR-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Ionicon Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) were deployed aboard the aircraft, characterizing chemistry of non-refractory aerosol and trace gases, respectively. The Eastern North Atlantic region was found to be very clean, with average non-refractory aerosol mass loading of 0.6 μg m−3 in the summer and 0.1 μg m