bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public schools and meritocratic discourse: high school reform proposals and student expectations
Authors: Gonçalves Danyelle Nilin , Lima Filho Irapuan Peixoto , Santos Harlon Romariz Rabelo
Published: April 2024

Abstract This article discusses the reform proposals for secondary education, reflecting on the extent to which some of the proposed contents and practices converge with individualistic and meritocratic concepts and discourses already present in the public school environment, but now reinforced. Based on a broad set of surveys conducted between 2019 and 2022, it seeks to capture the meritocratic perceptions of public school students from Ceará. Reflexive data analysis allowed us to identify a considerable expectation among high school students for an educational and future life that provides stability and desirable social conditions. Such expectation, however, goes hand in hand with a mass adherence to meritocratic and individualistic discourse in general, with little reflection on social conditioning factors. The reports and data indicate that school agents—teachers and classmates—are significant players in the process of constructing this view. However, one must consider a possible mismatch between young people’s expectations and the educational reality provided by this new high school. At a time when higher education is expanding and knowledge-based economic dynamics are intensifying, schools play an increasingly key role in ensuring an adequate, complete education as to not produce even greater educational gaps between different social groups, especially in Brazil’s already serious context of social and educational inequalities.
10 STEPS FORWARD, 15 STEPS BACK: THE STRIDES AND MISSTEPS OF DIVERSITY IN ENGINEERING
Authors: Cutright Teresa J. , Makki Nidaa , Coats Linda T.
Published: April 2024

An effective workforce needs workers from diverse backgrounds. Several initiatives have focused on
increasing the number of women and underrepresented minorities that pursue undergraduate degrees
in engineering. However, these efforts have not translated into successful retention and promotion of
women and Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) engineering faculty. Using lenses of critical
race theory and social capital theory, this study seeks to illuminate how women and BIPOC develop
throughout the academic training path to enter careers in engineering academia. Researchers conducted
interviews with 16 participants recruited from a pool of three cohorts of a professional development
program that focused on preparing female and BIOPC engineering PhD students and postdocs for
careers in engineering academia. The analysis identified themes associated with bias, discrimination,
imposter syndrome, and tokenism. Our research highlighted the role of effective mentoring in degree
program and career selection. Further, for women and BIPOC, positive and affirming experiences in
the classroom and workplace contributed to their motivation to complete engineering degrees and to
seek careers in the field even in the face of bias and discriminatory practices. The interviews amplified
the sentiments experienced by those before them.
Un acercamiento a la caracterización del emprendimiento social femenino
Authors: Velásquez Rojas Karen Gisel , Saavedra García María Luisa , Briseño Aguirre Nadia de La Luz
Published: April 2024

Objetivo. Identificar algunas características de un grupo de emprendedoras sociales radicadas en la Ciudad de México con el fin de contar con un perfil de este sector empresarial. Metodología. Se realizó un trabajo de corte transversal con alcance descriptivoy que consideró variables tales como rol de madre, rol de esposa, rol de ama de casa, rol de profesionista, rol de empresaria, barreras como empresaria, motivación y características asociadas al emprendimiento social, las cuales sirvieron de base para diseñar una guía de entrevista que fue aplicada a diez emprendedoras voluntarias directoras de empresas sociales. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo con el apoyo del software ATLAS.ti de las categorías de cada variable. Resultados. Se encontró que las emprendedoras con responsabilidades familiares buscan el equilibrio empresa-familia, cuentan con una profesión, dedicanmás de 50 horas semanales a sus empresas, muestran orientación al cliente, ejercen un liderazgo participativo y fomentan el trabajo en equipo, por lo que se encuentran motivadas a emprender y generar valor social. Conclusiones. Las implicaciones de este estudio denotan la necesidad de generar estrategias para
Geophysical Methods for Assessing Groundwater Pollution in Water Wells
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Ryzhkov R. F. , Semyachkov A. I. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: April 2024

Decomposition of water wells during their construction and installation in the private sector has led to a significant deterioration in the chemical composition of groundwater, mixing of aquifers and a constant reduction of the freshwater zone. In this article, geophysical methods are utilized to show what happens to groundwater when two different designs of water wells are used. Future research will focus on the development of recommendations to protect the freshwater zone in conditions of intensive technogenesis in terms of improving the design of water wells for the private sector.
Modern Information Technologies in the Management of the Region's Water Potential
Authors:   Xi’an FanYi University, Rong Gao , Xue Zhang ,   Xi’an FanYi University
Published: April 2024

This article presents the model of balanced water resources management and uses correlation analysis to examine the relationship between water resources and economic indicators in 11 divisions and cities of Shaanxi Province for the period from 2012 to 2021. In this work, the method of correlation analysis is applied to digitize the management of water resources use and recovery in Shaanxi Province over a considerable observation period. The visualization results of water resources management in var-ious cities of Shaanxi Province were obtained through an economic mathematical model.
SORPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY MODIFIED SAMPLES OF WATER TREATMENT WASTE
Authors: Shumkova Irina N. , Sanatullova Zemfira T. , Shaikhiev Ildar G. , Sverguzova Svetlana V.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of utilizing native waste from drinking water treatment as an absorbent material for petroleum products (motor oil grade 5W-40, diesel fuel, gasoline grade A-92) has been investigated. The mineralogical composition of the water treatment waste has been determined, according to the results, it primarily consists of quartz, calcite, sepiolite, anorthite, and gallwazite. Values of the maximum absorption capacity for the investigated petroleum products and the maximum water absorption have been established. To reduce water absorption properties, the native material have been modified by thermal treatment at a temperature of 550 °C, treatment with 5 % solutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, as well as a 5 % solution of silicone fluid of the «Ecodom Bio» brand. Values of the maximum absorption capacity of the modified water treatment waste for petroleum products and water under static and dynamic conditions also have been determined. It has been revealed that thermal treatment contributes to achieving maximum absorption capacity values for both petroleum products and water absorption. It has been established that the minimal water absorption is observed in the sample of the investigated material treated with a siliconorganic fluid solution. Purification of liquids containing hydrocarbons at a concentration of 2 mg/dm3 in dynamic conditions has been carried out. Overall, it has been determined that the maximum solution purification is observed for motor oil, and the minimal one – for gasoline grade A-92.
RHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF MUCOADHESION OF GRAMICIDIN S: HYDROXYPROPYL-ß- CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX AND HOW IT IS AFFECTED BY CHITOSAN
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, DRANNIKOV A.A. , DI MARTINO A. , TRUSOVA M.E.
Published: April 2024

Cyclodextrins became famous for their ability to encapsulate chemical compounds, further modifying their properties. In present research, we focused on the mucoadhesion studies of gramicidin S and how it can be influenced by complex formation with hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin and chitosan. For the investigation, we applied the rheological method using the rotation viscometer. In accordance with the structural properties, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin reduces the mucoadhesion of the peptide while chitosan increases. At the same time, both of these compositions can be considered as a possible way to reduce the influence of gramicidin S on the oral mucosa. Complex formation with hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin leads to lower mucoadhesion of the peptide to the health tissue surface, while interaction with chitosan allows the localization of antibiotic on the infected area, which can enhance the antibacterial effect.
ОЦЕНКА ПОДЛИННОСТИ КАШТАНА КОНСКОГО ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО ЦВЕТКОВ СВЕЖИХ МЕТОДОМ МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ДУНИЛИН А.Д. , ТРИНЕЕВА О.В.
Published: April 2024

Каштан конский обыкновенный (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), представитель семейства конскокаштановые (Hippocastanaceae) достаточно распространенное и известное растение. В медицинской практике широко применяются семена. Цветки каштана являются перспективным источником уникального комплекса биофлавоноидов венотропного, антиоксидантного, капилляроукрепляющего и противовоспалительного действия. Целью работы являлось изучение анатомических признаков свежих цветков каштана конского обыкновенного. В результате микроскопического анализа свежих цветков каштана конского были выявлены и визуализированы основные диагностические признаки, позволяющие проводить определение подлинности данного вида растительного сырья.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНЦИИ ТКАНЕЙ ЛИСТА ВИНОГРАДА ДЕВИЧЬЕГО ПЯТИЛИСТОЧКОВОГО
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ЕВСИКОВ Ф.Д. , КРАСНИКОВА В.С. , ГУДКОВА А.А.
Published: April 2024

Виноград девичий пятилисточковый является широко известным растением. Перспективность его изучения связана с решением одной из задач современной фармакогнозии, а именно поиск новых отечественных ресурсов для получения фитопрепаратов или источников для выделения природных соединений, обладающих обширной сырьевой базой. Целью исследования было изучение люминесценции тканей листьев винограда девичьего пятилисточкового. Объектом выступали листья винограда девичьего, которые заготавливались в начале октября 2021 года в Воронежской области. В результате работы методом люминесцентной микроскопии был изучен характер свечения основных диагностических элементов винограда девичьего листа, что важно для разработки проекта нормативной документации на растительное сырье «Винограда девичьего листья».
МАКРО- И МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ НАДЗЕМНЫХ ОРГАНОВ ПРОСВИРНИКА МАЛЕНЬКОГО
Authors:   Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет, ЕФИЦЕНКО С.А. , СОРОКИНА Е.В.
Published: April 2024

Макро- и микроскопическое изучение надземных органов травы просвирника маленького, как возможного источника лекарственного растительного сырья с помощью метода растровой электронной микроскопии.
МАКРО- И МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ СОПЛОДИЙ И КОЖУРЫ СЕМЯН BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. CONDITIVA ALEF
Authors:   Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений, ЗЕЛЕНКОВ В.Н. ,   Федеральный научный центр овощеводства, ЧУПАРИНА Е.В. ,   Институт геохимии СО РАН, ИВАНОВА М.И. ,   Федеральный научный центр овощеводства
Published: April 2024

Методом рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа (РФА) мсследованы особенности элементного состава семян (соплодий) трех сортов свеклы столовой (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva Alef.). Наибольшую долю минеральных элементов составляют калий (более 1% сухого вещества), а кальций, натрий, магний, фосфор более 0,4-0,5% по каждому элементу. Показана значительная изменчивость по содержанию химических элементов в семенах разных сортов свеклы. Значительные сортовые различия отмечены по накоплению титана, алюминия (вариабельность более 70%), кремния, марганца, никеля, рубидия (более 60%). Более стабильно по сортам накопление серы, хрома, свинца, циркония, цинка. Отмечено, что при прорастании семян в семенной кожуре по сравнению с исходными семенами резко возрастает содержание натрия и хлора (в 3,4-7раз).
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ НАПРАВЛЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ СОЛЕЙ МЕТАЛЛОВ НА ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ АНАТОМО-МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЛИСТЬЕВ КУЛЬТИВИРУЕМОГО РАСТЕНИЯ АМАРАНТ ПЕЧАЛЬНЫЙ, СОРТ ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, КОРЕНСКАЯ И.М. , МАТВЕЕВА М.В. , РЯБЦЕВА В.Г. , СМАГИНА Д.Г. , МИРОШНИЧЕНКО Л.А.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования являлось определение возможного влияния на формирование оксалата кальция в мезофилле листьев растения амарант печальный (сорт Воронежский) при направленном воздействии микроэлементов в результате обработки посевного материала растворами солей металлов. В ювенильных листьях растения установлено изменение в частоте встречаемости и диаметре включений друз оксалата кальция. Отмечено, что при использовании раствора биоцида цинка частота встречаемости данных включений увеличивается на 40 % по сравнению с контролем. Оценка диаметра друз оксалата кальция выявила, что диаметр друз при обработке раствором Абио (йод-селен) больше на 28 % по сравнению с другими образцами и в среднем составляет 74 микрометра.
https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54619391&pff=1
Authors:   Омский государственный медицинский университет, ПОДГУРСКАЯ В.В. , ЛУКША Е.А.
Published: April 2024

Аминокислоты выполняют в организме огромное количество биологических функций. Источником как заменимых, так и незаменимых аминокислот для организма человека выступают в том числе растительные объекты. Целью исследования являлось исследование аминокислотного состава надземной части щавеля приморского (Rumex maritimus L.). Методом тонкослойной хроматографии установлено присутствие в исследуемом растении глицина, глутаминовой кислоты, аргинина, фенилаланина, треонина, метионина, аргинина, триптофана. Среди идентифицированных аминокислот 5 являются незаменимыми. В составе аминокислот преобладает глицин.
Fútbol caminando para personas mayores: revisión sistemática
Authors: Gamonales José M. , Martín-Casañas Elías , Hernández-Beltrán Víctor , Gámez-Calvo Luisa , León Kiko , Muñoz-Jiménez Jesús
Published: April 2024

The study aims to conduct a systematic review based on the results found around the Walking football, in order to know the sport rules and the benefits of it practice for health and general well-being in older adults. The search phrases were always introduced in English and computerized databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Academy. Two search phrases were used: "Walking football - And - Older adults" and "Walking soccer – And - Older adults”. To limit the search, a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were established in order to select the most appropriate documents on the subject. After the review, 18 manuscripts published up to November 2020, which met the inclusion criteria, were selected. The selected documents show that the Walking Football has benefits on a social, psychological, and physiological level. In addition, the Walking Football regulations are adapted to each training group, in order to minimize the risk of injury in older adults during its practice. Finally, the documents related to the subject are mainly Journal articles, published in 2019, and are found in the Google Academic database.
Enhancing Spam Email Classification Using Effective Preprocessing Strategies and Optimal Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Computer Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India, Ghogare Pramod P , Dawoodi Husain H , Patil Manoj P
Published: April 2024

Objective: This article proposes a content-based spam email classification by applying various text pre-processing techniques. NLP techniques have been applied to pre-process the content of an email to get the optimal performance of spam email classification using machine learning. Method: Several combinations of pre-processing methods, such as stopping, removing tags, converting to lower case, removing punctuation, removing special characters, and natural language processing, were applied to the extracted content from the email with machine learning algorithms like NB, SVM, and RF to classify an email as ham or spam. The standard datasets like Enron and SpamAssassin, along with the personal email dataset collected from Yahoo Mail, are used to evaluate the performance of the models. Findings: Applying stemming in pre-processing to the RF classifier yielded the best results, achieving 99.2% accuracy on the SpamAssassin dataset and 99.3% accuracy on the Enron dataset. Lemmatization followed closely with 99% accuracy. In real-world testing on a personal Yahoo email dataset, the proposed method significantly improved accuracy from 89.82% to 97.28% compared to the email service provider's built-in classifier. Additionally, the study found that SVM performs accurately when stop words are retained. Novelty: This article introduces a unique perspective by highlighting the fine-tuning of pre-processing techniques. The focus is on removing tags and certain special characters, while retaining those that improve spam email classification accuracy. Unlike prior works that primarily emphasize algorithmic approaches and pre-defined processing functions, our research delves into the intricacies of data preparation, showcasing its significant impact on spam email classifiers. These findings emphasize the crucial role of pre-processing and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of effective strategies for robust spam detection. Keywords: Spam, Classification, Pre-processing, NLP, Machine Learning
Tissue H&E Staining | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v2
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Kiemen Ashley , James Miklhail , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

The following are guidelines that will have an effective staining window of 2 to 5 minutes. Developed as progressive stains, the intensity of nuclear staining will increase as the time increases. The hematoxylin and eosin stains will have an expected throughput of 2,000-2,500 slides per 500mL bottle. Actual results may vary from lab to lab depending on the staining equipment used, control of carry over into each solution, and length of time stains are left exposed. As a general rule, we recommend changing the hematoxylin and eosin stains once per week if throughput has not been reached. Clarifying and Bluing solutions should be changed more often. The Leica autostainer is a single fully automated integrated stainer used for standardH&E staining and operates by progressing each slide through a series of chemical changes that first deparaffinize and then stains the tissue slides for histologic review. To use, the machine is powered on and the covers are removed from the staining vessels every morning and the hematoxylin is filtered daily. The daily number of slides stained isadded to the log sheet beside the stainer, and all the solutions are changed when the slide tally reaches 250. At the end of the day, the staining vessels are then covered andthe machine is powered off
In vitro analysis of two irrigation activation systems for cleaning mesial canals in lower molars
Authors:   Universidad Científica del Sur, Gálvez-Saavedra Allison , Lavalle-Vidal Guadalupe ,   Universidad Científica del Sur, Nima Gabriel ,   Universidad Científica del Sur
Published: April 2024

Introducción: este estudio buscó comparar la eficacia de dos diferentes sistemas de activación endodóntica en la eliminación de detritus de conductos mesiales de molares inferiores por tercios radiculares. Métodos: se prepararon los conductos mesiales de quince primeros molares inferiores humanas con limas, irrigadas con hipoclorito de sodio 2,5 % y EDTA 17 %, y divididas en 3 grupos (n=5) de acuerdo con el tipo de activación: Control: Activación con cono maestro, Ultrasonido: Irrigación ultrasónica (UI) y Ultra X: Irrigación ultrasónica pasiva (PIU). Las raíces fueron seccionadas en tercios (cervical, medio y apical), los conductos radiculares expuestos y preparados para microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se obtuvieron 135 microfotografías (3 microfotografías por cada nivel radicular). Para determinar qué sistema de activación fue más efectivo, todas las imágenes fueron evaluadas por 3 especialistas en endodoncia, previamente calibrados. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de Kuskall-Wallis (95 %). Resultados: el sistema PUI fue el más efectivo, seguido por UI y el control que fue el menos eficiente (p<0,001). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre PUI y los otros sistemas en cada nivel radicular: coronal (p=0,013), medio (p=0,038) y apical (p=0,009). La limpieza de los conductos radiculares disminuyo de cervical a apical en todos los grupos, siendo el grupo UI el mostro un patrón de limpieza más regular en todos los niveles. Conclusión: el sistema PUI fue más eficaz, seguido del UI. La eficacia de los sistemas de activación utilizados disminuye conforme se incrementa la profundidad de trabajo.
Annulment Actions and the V4: Taking Legislative Conflicts Before the CJEU
Authors: Varju Marton , Czina Veronika , Cseres Katalin , Várnay Ernő
Published: April 2024

The EU member states have been using the action for annulment to challenge the legality of EU measures while pursuing a range of non-legal and essentially political motivations. This also holds for the V4 member states, which have also resorted to annulment actions to judicialize their legislative conflicts within the EU before the CJEU. Among the V4, Poland has been the most frequent litigant, using this institutional tool increasingly actively during the last 10 years. Poland’s behavior appears to confirm expectations of differentiation among this group of member states. It also coincides with a period of political change marked by deep legislative conflicts within the EU. The V4 annulment challenges against EU legislative measures usually made a genuine effort to achieve the legal objective of annulling the challenged legal act. However, there is evidence that they also pursued certain political motivations or a combination of them. These could include the securing of gains in domestic politics, avoiding the local costs of an EU policy misfit and/or promoting a preferred policy position, and/or influencing EU competence arrangements. In a few cases, the litigant member state aimed to avoid concrete material disadvantages. Securing a legal interpretation from the CJEU that would influence the behavior of other EU actors or clarify the law affecting the position of the applicant member state also motivated some of the V4 legal challenges.
The Formation of the Personal Collection of Ivan Bilyk at the National Museum of Pottery
Authors:   National Museum of Ukrainian Pottery in Opishnia, Lykova Oksana
Published: April 2024

The outstanding Opishnia potter Ivan Bilyk devoted his whole life to the production of pottery. His work has been awarded numerous prizes, diplomas, certificates, medals. He is one of the three potters from Opishnia whose work was awarded the Taras Shevchenko State Prize of Ukraine in 1999. Ivan Bilyk was born in the family of a shoemaker, although his grandfather was a potter. The boy went through a long way of learning the pottery craft – in other potters, in educational institutions, at the enterprise. The master’s personal life also seemed difficult (illnesses, injuries during the Second World War, which caused disability). For many years, Ivan Bilyk worked at the «Art Ceramics» plant as a creative master of the artistic and experimental creative laboratory. He produced everything that local`s potters created – various tableware, zoomorphic sculpture, plates, vases for the floor, children’s toys, etc. The image of a lion became a favorite image in Ivan Bilyk’s creative works. The master repeatedly claimed that he was the author of the zoomorphic sculpture «Lion». It was this image that brought the potter world recognition at the international biennial in Faenza (Italy). In Ivan Bilyk’s personal collection of ceramics in the National Museum of Pottery, lion sculptures make up a third of all available zoomorphic sculptures in the collection. Today, most of Ivan Bilyk’s products are concentrated in the National Museum-Reserve of Ukrainian Pottery in Opishnia. This collection has about 300 storage units. The personal collection illustrates all the creative diversity of the potter. In the article, against the background of Ivan Bilyk’s biographical facts, the main events that influenced the formation of his personal collection in the National Museum of Pottery are determined. The time frames for the production of the existing products are outlined. Separate form-forming and decorative changes in the potter’s works have been traced.
The Dawn of Belarusian Independence and the Usurpation of Power by Aleksandr Lukashenko regime
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Didukh Andrii
Published: April 2024

Despite the geographical and cultural proximity, the contemporary history of Belarus is poorly represented in Ukrainian historiography. The study of the socio-political processes that took place in the Republic of Belarus after it became an independent country is necessary to understand the reasons for the failure of its nationally oriented course in 1991–1994, the Lukashenko regime’s coming to power and its subsequent transformation into a state unfriendly to Ukraine and the Euro-Atlantic bloc. After gaining independence during the «parade of sovereignties» in 1988–1991, Belarus began to experience the processes of national revival of the Belarusian language and culture and democratisation of social and political life, initiated by the national conservatives from the Belarusian Populat Front (BPF), but already in the fourth year of independence, the above-mentioned processes were curtailed and the Republic of Belarus, headed by the permanent president Alexander Lukashenko, became known as «Europe’s last dictatorship». Nevertheless, mass opposition protests have been taking place almost throughout the entire period since 1994, from the so-called Minsk Spring to the large-scale protests of 2020. The article generally chronicles the anti-authoritarian resistance of civil society in Belarus in the 1990s, examining the formation and activities of Zianon Pazniak’s Belarusian People’s Front party, the confrontation between different branches of power against the backdrop of Alexander Lukashenka’s first victory in the presidential election and his subsequent usurpation of power, human rights violations, fraud during the presidential election, regime repression of the opposition and its activities. A special focus on the Belarusian Popular Front is due to the importance of this party as the most significant opposition force during the period of independent Belarus’ existence.
Dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype structure in children for the period 2016–2022
Authors: Protasova Irina N. , Feldblium Irina V. , Bakhareva Natalia V. , Zinovieva Ludmila V. , Sidorenko Sergey V.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The need for microbiological monitoring of the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes is associated with changes that occur during routine immunization of children with pneumococcal vaccines.
AIM: To characterize the changes in the serotype structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from healthy preschool children between 2016 and 2022.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1250 healthy children aged 6 years attending kindergartens were examined in multicenter studies (2016–2018 and 2020–2022). Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates (n=265) were obtained using the culture method. S. pneumoniae serotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: Between 2016 and 2018, the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage decreased from 27.3 to 17.3%, and by 2022, it increased to 25.6%. Moreover, the correspondence of S. pneumoniae serotypes to the antigenic composition of the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine decreased from 48.8 to 9.4% and the composition of the 20-valent vaccine from 75.6 to 39.1%. The proportion of “non-vaccine” types of pneumococcus increased from 22% in 2016 to 61% in 2022. Among the “non-vaccine” serotypes/groups, 15AF, 6CD, 23A, and 35F/47F were predominant, and new variants were also discovered: 23B and 35B. The serotypes included in the 13-valent conjugate vaccine were detected among unvaccinated children and were represented by variants 19F, 6A and 6B, 23F. Throughout the observation period, pneumococci of serotypes/groups 15BC, 11AD, and 10A were detected with high frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Because of the elimination of a significant part of S. pneumoniae “vaccine” serotypes in 2016–2022, the concordance of circulating variants with the antigenic composition of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines significantly decreased. In addition, the new types detected with high frequency are not included in existing pneumococcal vaccines, which necessitates the creation of new immunobiological drugs for pneumococcal infection prevention.
Driving the Shift to Sustainable Industry 5.0 with Green Manufacturing Innovations
Authors: Yerram Sridhar Reddy
Published: April 2024

With an emphasis on the factors driving the shift towards sustainability in industrial sectors—such as drivers, obstacles, impacts, constraints, and policy implications—this study examines the shift towards Sustainable Industry 5.0 with Green Manufacturing Innovations. The research aims to investigate the effects of sustainable industrial development on the economy, environment, and society, identify important forces and obstacles, and evaluate the significance of the findings for policymakers and regulatory agencies. The study's methodology entails a thorough analysis of the body of research on green manufacturing techniques, the transition to a sustainable industrial sector, and legislative frameworks. The main conclusions emphasize Sustainable Industry 5.0's enormous economic potential, favorable environmental effects, and social ramifications. The study also points out restrictions on the generalizability and availability of data, and it emphasizes how crucial it is to fortify regulatory frameworks, fund R&D, increase stakeholder engagement, and support capacity building to propel the industrial sectors' transition to sustainability. These findings' policy implications are significant in propelling sustainable industrial development and expediting the shift towards Sustainable Industry 5.0.
The impact of digital health technologies on pharmacy services and patient care
Authors: Alsoweih Huda Ahmed , Fageehi Ali Abdullah , Hadadi Jubran Hussain , Sharahili Ibrahim Mahdi , Alsubhi Fawzya Abdulaziz , Aljabry Iman Saud
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the profound impact of digital health technologies on the landscape of pharmacy services and patient care. The integration of electronic prescribing medication adherence apps, and tele-pharmacy services has revolutionized medication management in pharmacies. This amalgamation has not only streamlined processes but has also significantly minimized errors, leading to enhanced operational efficiency. Pharmacists, equipped with wearable devices, now engage in remote patient monitoring, allowing for personalized interventions and proactive healthcare strategies. The incorporation of genomic data, data analytics, and clinical decision support systems marks a transformative shift towards precision medicine within pharmacies. These technologies empower pharmacists to design tailored treatment plans based on individual genetic profiles, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes. As pharmacies increasingly embrace these digital tools, they metamorphose into dynamic healthcare hubs. Beyond traditional roles, pharmacies now offer virtual consultations and actively participate in patient education initiatives. This paradigm shift underscores a commitment to patient-centered care, exemplified by improved medication safety and a more interconnected healthcare ecosystem. The ongoing integration of digital health technologies holds promise for continued advancements in pharmacy services. This trajectory signifies a significant departure towards a more proactive, personalized, and technologically driven approach to patient care. The review underscores the transformative potential of digital health technologies in redefining the role of pharmacies and elevating the standards of patient-centered healthcare delivery.
Intellectual capital and human resources: A 26-year thematic systematic review
Authors: Guedes Thiago de Andrade , Rezende Bruno Ricardo Peixoto de
Published: April 2024

Intellectual capital is the sum of whatever organizational resources contribute to the value and competitiveness of a company. Though some metrics have been developed for measuring individual and collective capabilities, from a human resources point of view, it is difficult to translate the concept of “intellectual capital” into, for example, financial terms. To better understand the field, the aim of this study is to draw a thematic analysis on the relations between intellectual capital and human resources. We provide an overview of publications and their courses on this subject. We accessed two widely used databases (Scopus and Web of Science) to produce the review. We set a period of 26 years, marked by the subject’s theme entry. In order to handle duplicates, we used RStudio Software, and to manage the data, we used the Bibliometrix package tools (biblioshiny and thematic map). Our analysis revealed how intellectual capital and human resources are important for generating value in organizations. Some results explore innovative ways of managing these resources, such as integrating technological, commercial, organizational, and cultural aspects, using dynamic systems modeling, investing in long-term strategies and in education and training, and studying the relationship between green intellectual capital and green human resources management.
African Leafy Vegetables
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

Since about 3 years ago, one can find African leafy vegetables in the supermarkets of the Nairobi city. Various types of these vegetables are now consumed by the elites. There is just one reason for this. The urban elites still have a taste for these vegetables but found it difficult to buy them from the streets, or where they were not assured of the source. Word had it, and to a large extent this was true, that these vegetables were being grown in raw sewage, a fact the urban elites found distasteful.
Leafy Vegetables
Authors:   McGill University, Johns Timothy
Published: April 2024

Leafy vegetables have a key role to play in providing healthy and sustainable diets for farmers and city dwellers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Urbanization, commercialization of cuisines, global trade in staple foods, poverty, cultural erosion and environmental degradation are simplifying what is eaten and changing the nature of malnutrition throughout the region. Positive examples from other parts of the world suggest that successful food systems in transition draw on locally-available foods and traditional food culture within increasing market-oriented economies.
The Challenge of getting Africa onto the Global Map of Scholarly Publishing: The Case of AJFAND
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

Publishing a scholarly peer reviewed journal poses some unique challenges for many African countries. The experiences of AJFAND, a journal published in Kenya provides some lessons in these challenges. It is one of the pioneer journals in Africa that focuses on food and nutrition and related areas, and attempts to link research and development. AJFAND has been one of the journals that have pioneered exclusive electronic publishing in Africa. This helped reduce the distribution costs substantially. The print version days saw three fourths of the cost go to postage. Efforts to collaborate with Kenya Posts Authority to give us some concessions did not bear much fruit. The number of visits to the journal website however, has been steadily rising. Among the challenges the journal has faced include getting a sufficient number of dedicated reviewers as well as sustaining the publishing and distribution costs. Relatively few individuals or even institutions within Africa have the resources to subscribe to a journal. Another limitation is that internet access is not available to many potential readers, although this has changed substantially in the recent past. On the positive side, there are many young and enthusiastic contributors who submit articles. Some of the issues addressed are uniquely African, and may not be relevant for publication in journals published outside the continent. For this and many other reasons that will be highlighted in the present presentation, publishing AJFAND remains relevant.
The 19th International Congress on Nutrition (ICN)
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The 19th International Congress of Nutrition (ICN) will be held in Bangkok from 4th to 9th 2009 for the first time on the Asian continent. Four years ago it was held in Durban, South Africa for the first time on the African continent. The ICN has broken records since its inaugural meeting in Basel in 1952 with only 18 countries attending. Vienna in 2001 broke the record of number of countries attending (113). Vienna also brought the largest number of African participants and in fact had special focus on Africa. Again Vienna broke the record in terms of number of scientists attending (3550). My first attendance was San Diego USA in 1981, when I got a partial scholarship as a PhD student for a poster presentation. Since then, I missed two in a row: Seoul and Adelaide, for personal reasons.
Talking to the World Economic Forum on Africa (2010) Press Release
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The World Economic Forum on Africa, whose theme was Re-thinking Africa’s Growth Strategy just ended in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ( May 5-7, 2010), and in their press release pointed to agriculture as the key to economic development. Women smallholder farmers were mentioned only in passing, as main producers of food in Africa. Yet, that is the truth in most of Africa. This acknowledgement remains just as such, an acknowledgement, with hardly any resources availed to support the women farmers in their painful quest to feed their families. These women farmers need training, technical and credit support for their very unique situations. Land tenure and access concerns for women continue to be elusive. Poor African women carry multiple burdens with little appropriate technology to ease their burden.
Do we really care for the Smallholder Farmers we keep talking about?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

Below are some of the women Ruth Oniang’o is always talking about. These women are now keen to learn how to improve their local dishes so they can provide healthier meals for their families: increase consumption of African leafy vegetables,which are rich in beta carotene, ration amounts of sodium chloride, sugar and fat in their diets, and incorporate some meat, especially from small livestock reared in the home in the diets, and make sure fruits are part of the family diet. More than 50 women’s groups participated in this competition and in the end 9 entered the finals. This is a cost effective way of getting women happily involved in something they already do as a matter of daily duty to nurture their families. The women were happy and asked for more; we at Rural Outreach Programme were also happy. Oh, the men around were also happy, and the children too. The full report will come later. These women are in a densely populated region of Western Province, Vihiga, where landholdings are less than one hectare on average.
What does it take for a public figure to go PUBLIC? The case of Hon. Minister Prof. Peter Anyang' Nyong'o of KENYA and Prostrate Cancer
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

In the April 6, 2011 | Issue 67 of American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the article below takes centre stage. I would urge our readers to subscribe to this newsletter. I am not advertising it for any other reason except that I have once attended their conference, which is held every November in Washington DC at the Capitol Hilton Hotel; secondly, I receive this newsletter for free about ongoing research and latest findings on cancer.
Should governments have a say in what we eat? Should they care?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

Just read the article below and see the picture of the world popular Danish pastry. Surely food scientists and food companies should be able to avail food ingredients that can provide a sumptuous yet nutritious Danish pastry.
Relationships and a relational understanding in mental health research
Authors: Clark Michael
Published: April 2024

In engaging in this article with the far-reaching scholarly work of Peter Huxley, I focus on the foundations he has laid in developing a stronger social basis to understanding mental health and the forms of support that those experiencing mental health problems want and need. I will argue that mental health research and policy have barely embraced nor developed this foundation, let alone taken it to the core of knowledge in the way needed. To do this we need to follow the relational turn in scholarly work, a theoretical perspective I expand on in the article. Through these discussions I seek to lay directions for the development of mental health knowledge and policy to better understand the full social context of people’s experiences and of practice to support them.
Machine Learning in Emergency Management: Analysis and Methods
Authors: Koraboshev Oybek
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on fire research, disaster and hazard forecasting, risk and vulnerability assessment, early detection of disasters, early warning systems, disaster monitoring, damage assessment and post-disaster response, and case studies.
Mobile Application for Express Stress Control as a Tool for Reducing the Risk of Insider Activity in an Organization
Authors: Kornienko Svetlana , Danilova Polina , Velimchenko Vitaliy , Nikonov Daniil
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the need to monitor the psychological state of the organization’s employees in order to identify potential stress. To solve this task, a mobile application for Android OS has been developed, designed for rapid testing in order to monitor the potential stress state of employees on a daily basis. The proposed application helps improve the efficiency of monitoring the psychological state of employees and helps identify potential insiders in the organization.
Research and Development of a Chatbot to Optimize Support for Technologists of the “Executive Traffic Schedule” System in Russian Railways: Platform Selection and Justification
Authors: Nigmatullin Kirill , Zabrodin Andrey
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the research and development of a chatbot for consulting support for technologists of the “Executive Traffic Schedule” system in Russian Railways. The goal of the work is to identify the requirements and characteristics for creating a chatbot capable of assisting technologists. The paper discusses the practical significance of introducing chatbots in the field of technical support in Russian Railways. The analysis of the ChatNavigator platform for creating a chatbot is carried out and the choice of this platform is justified.
Computational Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Field Protection: Case Study of a Train Dispatcher’s Workplace
Authors: Sulaymanov Sunnatilla , Kamilov Hasan , Turdiev Odilzhan , Tulaganova Zebo
Published: April 2024

The article addresses the growing concern over the adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation in workplaces, particularly in the context of train dispatchers who are exposed to various sources of electromagnetic fields. A computational model is developed to assess the effectiveness of shielding equipment in mitigating the impact of electromagnetic fields on train dispatchers. The study focuses on the design and evaluation of protective casings and shields to reduce electromagnetic field intensity, providing valuable insights for enhancing workplace safety.
Radiation methods for breast diseases diagnosis
Authors:   Kotovsk City Clinical Hospital, Khokhlov Igor A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Belyaev Dmitriy V. , Khazov Leonid A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Breast cancer is one of the most common and urgent healthcare issues. For primary diagnosis and clarification of the diagnosis of breast cancer specialists use most often such methods of breast examination as examination and palpation, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, radionuclide examination of the mammary glands. Radiologists and mammalogists-oncologists face an important task of early detection of various forms of breast cancer, which enables to improve significantly the disease prognosis, as this is a priority. To solve the issue the world community is developing and putting into practice new methods of mammary gland research, the X-ray method of investigation has a leading position. In addition to breast cancer, the attention of the diagnostician should also be directed to benign breast dysplasia due to its correlation with the risk of developing breast cancer. The severity of dysplasia determines the risk of developing cancer. The practical application of methods of early diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases, increased funding of medical institutions to raise the technical level, and retraining of personnel can significantly reduce the incidence and increase the frequency of breast cancer detection in the early stages of its development.
X-ray spectral microanalysis in studying oral fluid
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Synkov Lev A. , Shatsky Egor A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Deviatkin Anatolii A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The research purpose is to investigate the ionic composition of the central and peripheral facets of oral fluid converted into the solid phase using the wedge diagnostics method. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the Research Institute of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials at Derzhavin Tambov State University with a JCM-7000 NeoScope™ Benchtop Scanning Electron Microscope. Results. We study composition of saliva, conduct a comparative analysis for individuals with allergic rhinitis receiving glucocorticoid treatment and those without such treatment, in comparison to healthy individuals. Composition of saliva in individuals with allergic rhinitis receiving treatment is nearly identical to the composition of saliva in healthy individuals, unlike those individuals without treatment. Elevated calcium levels in the marginal zone were detected in the mixed saliva of individuals with allergic rhinitis without glucocorticoid treatment. Conclusions. The results of the study have revealed the potential to diagnose otorhinolaryngological diseases without invasive interventions and have also demonstrated the effectiveness of treating allergic rhinitis with corticosteroid-based medications.