bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULARITIES OF FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND BANDWIDTH OF SERVICES
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, P Hodovaniuk
Published: September 2022

The article considers systems in which the moments of receipt of the service request and the length of the services themselves, which are called queuing systems (QMS), are variable and random. 111 Examples of QMS in the field of technical operation of road transport are: posts, lines, areas of repair shops, trucking companies, spare parts warehouses, fuel and lubrication dispensers of gas stations, etc. It is established that the initial flow of requirements depending on the characteristics of the QMS are generally serviced and non-serviced requirements. For road transport, it is mandatory to perform the necessary maintenance and repair work, ie the output flow, as a rule, consists of serviced requirements, ie serviceable cars. The classification of the queuing system according to various factors influencing the efficiency of the means of service and methods of intensification of production is described. current indicators, and the complexity (t) of technical impacts, their dependence on the type, brand, modification of rolling stock, mileage from the beginning of operation, driver qualifications, operating conditions, the adopted maintenance and repair system, organization and management of engineering and technical service of the enterprise technical base, technology of execution and mechanization of works .. With regard to the technical operation of cars, the most common are closed and open, single- and multi-channel SMO, with the same type and specialized service devices, with single- and multi-phase service, without losses or with a limit on the length of the queue or time spent on it. Absolute capacity depends on the following factors: the accepted structure of enterprises or specializations of divisions, the level of organization and management of maintenance and repair; technological level of works; provision of production technical base; level of mechanization of works; qualification and provision of repairmen, spare parts, materials.
THE DYNAMIC SYNTHESIS OF MOBILE CONTINUOUS EARTH-MOVING MACHINE WITH A CHAINE-TYPE TRENCHING EQUIPMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, M Honchar , V Nikolaienko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

This article depics the mobile continuous earth-moving machine dynamic model with a chain-type trenching equipment in order to determine the effect of changes in the elastic-inertial system parameters on its own resonant frequencies. The object of the research: natural resonant transmission frequencies of the soil-working working equipment drive in the mobile earth-moving continuous action machine with a chain-beam working body. The purpose of the work: to determine the system elements, in which the elastic-inertial parameters affect the lower natural resonant frequencies. To give practical recommendations on the parameter choice of such elements in order to deviate from the resonant frequency. Creation of strong, reliable and durable machines depends on the dynamic load accuracy and ways to reduce it. Modern earthmoving machine structure formation can be realized using the modular principle, but always with taking into account the full picture of possible machine loads and their drives in the process, these load magnitude and their dynamic characteristics. In accordance with the dynamic synthesis conditions, the dynamic system machine parameters should be selected so that the external load machine change frequency in its maximum productivity mode doesn’t coincide with the dynamic system natural frequency. According to the theoretical and strain gauge research results, it is established that the frequency of the first form of earth-moving machine drive torsional oscillations is close to 9 Hz. The first frequency oscillation shape has a node between the gearbox masses, which can lead to fatigue shaft destruction, joints or gears of the base tractor transmission part destruction. The frequency of the natural oscillation system is close to the traction chain link engagement frequency with the sprocket teeth in the earth-moving machine maximum productivity mode.
BIFURCATION OF DISCONTINUOUS WAVE FRONTS IN ELASTIC LAYERED MEDIA
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Y Zaiets
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the problem of the transformation of the fronts of weak shock waves in inhomogeneous elastic media with an almost layered structure. The research object is nonstationary wave with strong discontinuity generated in in inhomogeneous transversely isotropic elastic media The aim of this work is to study the effects of bifurcations of discontinuous waves, in particular, on the tasks of propagation in inhomogeneous rocks of seismic waves provoked by explosions, as well as mountain shocks. The research method is the zeroth approximation of the ray method. The paper considers the issue of restructuring of ray systems and fronts of weak shock waves of elastic media. The heterogeneity of which is caused by the variable characteristics of the medium for the regularity of a continuous function, selected in such a way as to ensure that the medium has acquired the properties of a layered structure, but the properties are described by continuous differentiated functions. The work results can be inculcated in research and projection institutes for design of construction of structures, transport and mine destination with the aim of their seismic protection and their screening from action of discontinuous waves generated by different technical failures. KEYWORDS: SHIELDING, DISCONTINUOUS WAVES, ANISOTROPIC LAYERED MEDIA, ELASTIC MEDIUM, RAY METHOD.
METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING THE TRANSPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLES FOR INTERCITY CARGO TRANSPORTATION
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Krupnov
Published: September 2022

The article proposes a method of monitoring the transport energy efficiency of cars for long-distance freight transport, which is developed on the example of the analysis of the characteristics of low-capacity vehicles. It is relevant in terms of providing conceptually-oriented renewal of rolling stock for long-distance transport in a market economy. The object of study is the transport and technological process with the use of light-duty vehicles in the conditions of long-distance transportation. The purpose of the work is to form a method of monitoring and analysis of transport energy efficiency of cars for the renewal of rolling stock in suburban and long-distance freight. To achieve this goal, the theory of energy efficiency of a generalized type of car is used. Regularities of quantitative influence of various factors (road resistance index and coefficient of static capacity utilization capacity of rolling stock) on the values of light-duty transport energy efficiency indicators on the calculated main routes are determined. The results of the article can be used in transport companies transporting in Ukraine. KEY WORDS: METHODOLOGY, MONITORING, TRANSPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY, TECHNICAL AND OPERATING INDICATORS, ROAD, LOW LIFT CAR
REMOTE CONTROL OF TRANSPORT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, M Malysh , N Kulish ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Klochan ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The basic principles of remote optical control of transport parameters are studied in detail. Examples of remote control of transport operation are given. The purpose of research: to analyze the main components of optical control systems and the impact on their choice of properties of the Earth's atmosphere. The object of research is optical control systems for transport parameters. Research method is theoretical. It has been established that optical methods should be preferred to ensure the secrecy of remote control of various devices (aircraft, road and tracked vehicles). KEYWORDS: TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER, ATMOSPHERE, CONTROL, TRANSPORT
TRENDS IN THE USE OF «BIG DATA» IN BUSINESS ANALYTICS OF ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, T Cherviakova , V Cherviakova ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of «big data» analysis by enterprises and key trends in the field of business intelligence. Object of study – the use of «big data» in economic analysis. Purpose – to investigate the current state of «big data» analysis by enterprises and trends in the field of business intelligence. Methods of research – analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, graphic. The article examines statistics of the domestic enterprises' analysis of «big data» by sources of «big data» and by methods and techniques of analysis with a breakdown by type of economic activity and number 398 of employees. There is given an overview of the market of analytics and business intelligence platforms to work with «big data», their opportunities, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Key trends in the field of data and analytics for the near future are identified. It is established that the main problems in the development of the direction of «big data» processing in economic analysis in Ukraine are organizational and financial difficulties, lack of qualified personnel and lack of proper experience. A significant barrier to the use of business intelligence tools is the lack of practice of accumulating «big data» and the low quality of these data in domestic companies. These factors will significantly contribute to the further growth of the market of outsourcing services for business analysis of «big data». In the current conditions, it is expedient to introduce a single state operator of «big data», as they include personal data of citizens, which requires appropriate regulation and control. KEYWORDS: BUSINESS ANALYTICS, BIG DATA, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, PLATFORMS OF ANALYTICS AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MACHINE LEARNING, AUGMENTED ANALYTICS, CLOUD ANALYTICS
Legislators’ Motivations for Leaving Their Party: The Canadian Case
Authors: Marland Alex , Lalancette Mireille , Wesley Jared
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the reasons why elected officials leave their political party while still in office and sit as an Independent. This class of politicians is distinct because it encompasses legislators who exit a party caucus voluntarily and who choose to discontinue their political career with any political party. The review of news stories, political biographies and scholarly sources sets the groundwork for integrating Canadian data collected via interviews with legislators, party leaders and political staff. The paper contributes to knowledge by differentiating the motivations of this class of legislator from those who switch political parties.
Retrospective voting in hybrid regimes
Authors: Gjerløw Haakon , Rakner Lise , Stiansen Øyvind
Published: September 2022

Hybrid political regimes are characterized by fractured political opposition, suppression of independent media, and a loyal but less competent public bureaucracy. Does retrospective voting -- the bread and butter of electoral accountability -- still occur under such informational environments? Identifying policy failure, policy success, and political responsibility can be extremely difficult under these conditions. We argue that local economic development predicts local electoral results. Local development, as opposed to national fortune, is observable by individual voters independently of information from the media or politicians. Furthermore, we argue that economic development is more important to urban voters than rural ones, in particular because the latter are more detached from the national economy and political discourse. We propose to test our hypotheses using a novel dataset on geolocated polling station results following the 2011, 2016, and 2021 Zambian elections.
Distribution of nutrients across the edible components of a ‘typical’ Australian lamb: a case study
Authors: Wingett Kate , Alders Robyn
Published: September 2022

Achieving sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. This includes producing food in a way that enhances ecosystem and human health, at the farm level and more broadly. To measure this enhancement brought about by animal production systems, producers and governments need a deeper understanding of the nutrient distribution across the edible parts of the animal. This case study examined the nutrient distribution across a ‘typical’ Australian lamb, using modelling. Edible offal accounted for approximately 7% of edible product by weight and total protein. More than 25% of iron was contained in the edible offal and the liver had absolutely more vitamin A, folate, and vitamin B12 than all the other edible products combined. The results of this case study highlight the nutritional value of offal, especially liver, in the context of the whole animal and, the importance of including offal in assessments of animal production systems.
Pineapple Theorem ( Derivation of a prime number formular )
Authors: Kawinga Gibbs
Published: September 2022

The pineapple theorem is a prime number formula that generates prime numbers, prime factors,test for primality and prove the Goldbach Conjecture.
Measurement of Body Composition in the Dehydrated State
Authors: Liang Michael T.C. , Allen Thomas W. , McKeigue Mark E.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of exercise-induced dehydration on body composition using three indirect

methods: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold thickness (SF), and underwater weighing (UWW).Method: Thirty healthy, physically active subjects with normal weight (22 males) participated as study subjects. After baseline body composition measurements using the above three methods were obtained, the subjects began to dehydrate by exercise until an average of 1.5% body weight loss was accomplished. Within 10 minutes post-exercise, the subjects’ body composition measurements using the same measurement methods were repeated.

Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the three methods for determining fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and percent body fat (%BF). The %BF and FM measurements using the BIA method were significantly (p<0.05) affected by exercise-induced dehydration, but not the UWW or the SF method. Compared to the UWW method before dehydration, the SF method significantly (p<0.05) under-estimated FM, %BF, and over-estimated FFM, whereas the BIA method significantly (p<0.05) over-estimated FM and % BF, and under-estimated FFM. These observations also occur after exercise-induced dehydration. Comparing genders, the BIA method produced higher %BF and FM values in the female subjects than in the male subjects both before and after dehydration.

Conclusion: We concluded that exercise-induced dehydration of 1.5% weight loss significantly (p<0.05) limits the usefulness of the BIA method for determining human body composition in physically active and normal weight adults, whereas dehydration induced an insignificant effect on the SF or UWW method.
Mental Health and Human Sex Trafficking Among Youth in the US : A Focus on FBOs and Spiritual Health Recovery
Authors: Jackson Veronica
Published: September 2022

Victims of human trafficking endure physical and mental anguish. Young children and women can suffer from physical violence during laborious work, or client and owner encounters. Owners of victims are also abusive and manipulative in order to force compliance. They can also suffer from mental illnesses as a result of long term abuse. According to Zimmerman [1], “Labor trafficking, including both forced and bonded labor is by far the largest category of human trafficking” [2,3]. Zimmerman states that, "The State Department Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (2009) estimates that just 1.39 million individuals out of the 12.3 million persons enslaved worldwide are trafficked into the commercial sex industry” (p. 568). Children caught up in this crime should not be classified as juvenile delinquents as they are clearly victims. Boxill [4] explains that, “American children who have been prostituted describes these children primarily as juvenile delinquents” (p. 138). These children should not be considered juvenile delinquents and provided with appropriate health care to become productive citizens. Women and children should be cared foras victims and receive the appropriate mental health treatment from government and community entities.
The hybrid crosslinking method improved the stability and anti-calcification properties of the bioprosthetic heart valves
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Wu Zhongshi , Chen Chunyang , Lu Ting , Song Mingzhe , Qi Xiaoke , Jiang Zhenlin , Liu Sixi , Tang Zhenjie
Published: September 2022

The bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are the best option for the treatment of valvular heart disease. Glutaraldehyde (Glut) is commonly used as the golden standard reagent for the crosslinking of BHVs. However, the obvious defects of Glut, including residual aldehyde toxicity, degradation and calcification, increase the probability of valve failure in vivo and motivated the exploration of alternatives. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a non-glutaraldehyde hybrid cross-linking method composed of Neomycin Trisulfate, Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and Tannic acid as a substitute for Glut, which was proven to reduce calcification, degradation, inflammation of the biomaterial. Evaluations of the crosslinked bovine pericardial included histological and ultrastructural characterization, biomechanical performance, biocompatibility and structural stability test, and in vivo anti-inflammation and anti-calcification assay by subcutaneous implantation in juvenile Sprague Dawley rats. The results revealed that the hybrid crosslinked bovine pericardial were superior to Glut crosslinked biomaterial in terms of better hydrophilicity, thermodynamics stability, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, higher Young’s Modulus, better stability and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, and lower inflammation, degradation and calcification levels in subcutaneous implants. Considering all above performances, it indicates that the hybrid cross-linking method is appropriate to replace Glut as the method for BHV preparation, and particularly this hybrid crosslinked biomaterials may be a promising candidate for next-generation BHVs.
Biomechanical effects of different numbers and locations of screw-in clavicle hook plates
Authors: Wang Cheng-Chi , Lee Cheng-Hung , Chen Kun-Hui , Pan Chien-Chou , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Su Kuo-Chih
Published: September 2022

Purpose: We sought to analyze the biomechanical effects which both different numbers and locations of screws have on three different clavicle hook plates, as well as any possible causes of sub-acromial bone erosion and peri-implant clavicular fractures.

Methods: This study built thirteen groups of finite element models using three different clavicle hook plates (short plates, long plates, and posterior hook offset plates) in varying numbers and locations of the screws. The von Mises stress distribution of the clavicle and hook plate, as well as the reaction force of the acromion was evaluated.

Results: The results show that inserting screws in all available screw holes on the hook plate produces a relatively large reaction force on the acromion, particularly in the axial direction of the bone plate. The fewer the screws implanted into the clavicle hook plate, the larger the area of high-stress distribution there is in the middle of the clavicle, and also, the higher the stress distribution on the clavicle hook plate.

Conclusion: This study provides orthopedic physicians with the biomechanical analysis of different numbers and locations of screws in clavicle hook plates to help minimize surgical complications.
Using active noise-cancelling headphones in open-plan offices: No influence on cognitive performance but improvement of perceived privacy and acoustic environment
Authors: Mueller Benjamin Johannes , Liebl Andreas , Herget Noemi , Kohler Dorina , Leistner Philip
Published: September 2022

High speech intelligibility in open-plan offices and thus a high changing-state character of the acoustic environment have been found to negatively influence cognitive performance. This is often attributed to the so-called irrelevant speech effect. Office workers lately use active noise-cancelling (ANC) headphones to improve the acoustic situation by blocking unwanted sound. However, it is currently unknown if using ANC headphones in a noisy setting improves cognitive performance. Two studies were conducted to examine if ANC headphones improve cognitive performance and the subjective well-being of employees in an open-plan office. Cognitive performance was measured using a serial recall test. Subjective assessments were measured using a questionnaire. The participants were tested in silence, speech without headphones, speech with ANC headphones switched off and speech with ANC headphones switched on. No statistically significant differences were found between the conditions with ANC headphones switched on and off as well as without headphones for cognitive performance. However, ANC headphones statistically significantly improved subjective assessments such as perceived privacy and the assessment of the acoustic environment. The results provide a scientific basis for evaluating and planning the appropriate use of ANC headphones for concentration-intensive activities such as office work.
Modification of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition in preterm newborns with retinopathy of prematurity: The omegaROP study
Authors: Karadayi Rémi , Pallot Charlotte , Cabaret Stéphanie , Mazzocco Julie , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Semama Denis S. , Chantegret Corinne , Ternoy Ninon , Martin Delphine , Donier Aurélie , Gregoire Stéphane , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine P. , Bron Alain M. , Bretillon Lionel , Berdeaux Olivier , Acar Niyazi
Published: September 2022

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent retinal vascular abnormalities observed in oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In the OmegaROP prospective cohort study, we showed that preterm infants who will develop ROP accumulate the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) at the expense of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes with advancing gestational age (GA). As mice lacking plasmalogens ―That are specific phospholipids considered as reservoirs of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs― Display a ROP-like phenotype, the aim of this study was to determine whether plasmalogens are responsible for the changes observed in subjects from the OmegaROP study. Accordingly, preterm infants aged less than 29 weeks GA were recruited at birth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of University Hospital Dijon, France. Blood was sampled very early after birth to avoid any nutritional influence on its lipid composition. The lipid composition of erythrocytes and the structure of phospholipids including plasmalogens were determined by global lipidomics using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). LC-HRMS data confirmed our previous observations by showing a negative association between the erythrocyte content in phospholipid esterified to n-6 PUFAs and GA in infants without ROP (rho = −0.485, p = 0.013 and rho = −0.477, p = 0.015 for ethanolamine and choline total phospholipids, respectively). Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) species with ARA, namely PtdCho16:0/20:4 (rho = −0.511, p < 0.01) and PtdEtn18:1/20:4 (rho = −0.479, p = 0.015), were the major contributors to the relationship observed. On the contrary, preterm infants developing ROP displayed negative association between PtdEtn species with n-3 PUFAs and GA (rho = −0.380, p = 0.034). They were also characterized by a positive association between GA and the ratio of ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn) with n-6 PUFA to PlsEtn with n-3 PUFAs (rho = 0.420, p = 0.029), as well as the ratio of PlsEtn with ARA to PlsEtn with DHA (rho = 0.843, p = 0.011). Altogether, these data confirm the potential accumulation of n-6 PUFAs with advancing GA in erythrocytes of infants developing ROP. These changes may be partly due to plasmalogens.
Desmin variants: Trigger for cardiac arrhythmias?
Authors: Su Wei , van Wijk Stan W. , Brundel Bianca J. J. M.
Published: September 2022

Desmin (DES) is a classical type III intermediate filament protein encoded by the DES gene. Desmin is abundantly expressed in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells. In these cells, desmin interconnects several protein-protein complexes that cover cell-cell contact, intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the nucleus, and the cytoskeletal network. The extra- and intracellular localization of the desmin network reveals its crucial role in maintaining the structural and mechanical integrity of cells. In the heart, desmin is present in specific structures of the cardiac conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and His-Purkinje system. Genetic variations and loss of desmin drive a variety of conditions, so-called desminopathies, which include desmin-related cardiomyopathy, conduction system-related atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The severe cardiac disease outcomes emphasize the clinical need to understand the molecular and cellular role of desmin driving desminopathies. As the role of desmin in cardiomyopathies has been discussed thoroughly, the current review is focused on the role of desmin impairment as a trigger for cardiac arrhythmias. Here, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of desmin to underlie a healthy cardiac conduction system and how impaired desmin triggers cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of available (genetic) desmin model systems for experimental cardiac arrhythmia studies is provided. Finally, potential implications for future clinical treatments of cardiac arrhythmias directed at desmin are highlighted.
Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review
Authors: Belkahla Sana , Nahvi Insha , Biswas Supratim , Nahvi Irum , Ben Amor Nidhal
Published: September 2022

The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
Colon-specific delivery of isoliquiritigenin by oral edible zein/caseate nanocomplex for ulcerative colitis treatment
Authors: Xiao Meng , Wu Shuyang , Cheng Yanfen , Ma Jiaqi , Luo Xi , Chang Liang , Zhang Chen , Chen Jianping , Zou Liang , You Yu , Zhang Jinming
Published: September 2022

Although a natural anti-inflammatory ingredient, isoliquiritigenin (ISL), plays an effective role in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment, a series of drawbacks still limit its clinical application, including the poor solubility, instability in gastrointestinal tract, and rapid elimination rate of ISL. Zein-based NPs display the benefits on drug loading and delivery, whereas with the poor stability. In this study, an edible nano-system composed by zein/caseinate complex was fabricated for the colon-targeting delivery of ISL, to improve its colon retention and anti-UC effects. The optimized ISL loaded zein/caseinate NPs (ISL@NPs) were prepared by single-factor design by anti-solvent precipitation method, and then characterized. The improved cellular uptake of ISL@NPs on NCM460 and RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated in vitro. The colon tissue permeability and retention capacity in vivo, and the anti-UC efficacy of ISL@NPs in DSS-induce UC were implemented. As a result, ISL@NPs with the high drug loading efficiency of 9.39% ± 0.26%, the average particle diameter of 137.32 ± 2.54 nm, exhibited the pH-sensitive stability in the different simulated gastrointestinal buffer. Compared with free ISL, ISL@NPs showed significantly higher cellular uptake ability in NCM460 and RAW 264.7 cells. Based on in vivo imaging system, zein/caseinate NPs showed the prolonged colonic retention and the enhanced penetration into the colonic epithelium. Finally, the oral administration of ISL@NPs could effectively alleviate the UC-related symptoms, down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory factors, and reduce the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in colon tissues. In this study, an oral colon-specific nano-system, composed with the natural compound and edible materials, was developed as the promising alternatives in the prevention and treatment of UC.
Tracing the trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern between December 2020 and September 2021 in the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Ciuffreda Laura , González-Montelongo Rafaela , Alcoba-Florez Julia , García-Martínez de Artola Diego , Gil-Campesino Helena , Rodríguez-Pérez Héctor , Íñigo-Campos Antonio , De Miguel-Martínez Isabel , Tosco-Nuñez Tomás , Díez-Gil Oscar , Valenzuela-Fernández Agustín , Lorenzo-Salazar José M. , Flores Carlos
Published: September 2022

Several variants of concern (VOCs) explain most of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic waves in Europe. We aimed to dissect the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in the Canary Islands (Spain) between December 2020 and September 2021 at a micro-geographical level. We sequenced the viral genome of 8,224 respiratory samples collected in the archipelago. We observed that Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sublineages) were ubiquitously present in the islands, while Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1/P.1.1) had a heterogeneous distribution and were responsible for fewer and more controlled outbreaks. This work represents the largest effort for viral genomic surveillance in the Canary Islands so far, helping the public health bodies in decision-making throughout the pandemic.
Detection of differentially culturable tubercle bacteria in sputum from drug-resistant tuberculosis patients
Authors: Gordhan Bhavna G. , Sewcharran Astika , Letsoalo Marothi , Chinappa Thilgavathy , Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla , Padayatchi Nesri , Naidoo Kogieleum , Kana Bavesh D.
Published: September 2022

Several studies described the presence of non-replicating, drug-tolerant differentially culturable tubercle bacteria (DCTB) in sputum from patients with active tuberculosis (TB). These organisms are unable to form colonies on agar but can be recovered in liquid media supplemented with culture filtrate as a source of growth factors. Herein, we undertook to investigate the response of DCTB during the treatment of individuals with drug-resistant TB. A cohort of 100 participants diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant TB were enrolled and prospectively followed to monitor response to therapy using routine culture and limiting dilution assays, supplemented with culture filtrate (CF) to quantify DCTB. Fifteen participants were excluded due to contamination, and of the remaining 85 participants, 29, 49, and 7 were infected with rifampicin mono-resistant (RMR), multidrug-resistant (MDR), or extremely drug-resistant (XDR) TB, respectively. Analysis of baseline sputum demonstrated that CF supplementation of limiting dilution assays detected notable amounts of DCTB. Prevalence of DCTB was not influenced by smear status or mycobacterial growth indicator tube time to positivity. CF devoid of resuscitation promoting factors (Rpfs) yielded a greater amount of DCTB in sputum from participants with MDR-TB compared with those with RMR-TB. A similar effect was noted in DCTB assays without CF supplementation, suggesting that CF is dispensable for the detection of DCTB from drug-resistant strains. The HIV status of participants, and CD4 count, did not affect the amount of DCTB recovered. During treatment with second-line drug regimens, the probability of detecting DCTB from sputum specimens in liquid media with or without CF was higher compared with colony forming units, with DCTB detected up to 16 weeks post treatment. Collectively, these data point to differences in the ability of drug-resistant strains to respond to CF and Rpfs. Our findings demonstrate the possible utility of DCTB assays to diagnose and monitor treatment response for drug-resistant TB, particularly in immune compromised individuals with low CD4 counts.
Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections at regular intervals in Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Rommel , Prado-Vivar Belén , Márquez Sully , Muñoz Erika B. , Carvajal Mateo , Guadalupe Juan José , Becerra-Wong Mónica , Proaño Stefanie , Bayas-Rea Rosa , Coloma Josefina , Grunauer Michelle , Trueba Gabriel , Rojas-Silva Patricio , Barragán Verónica , Cárdenas Paúl
Published: September 2022

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is defined as a new infection with a different virus variant in an individual who has already recovered from a previous episode of COVID-19. The first case of reinfection in the world was described in August 2020, since then, reinfections have increased over time and their incidence has fluctuated with specific SARS-CoV-2 variant waves. Initially, reinfections were estimated to represent less than 1% of total COVID-19 infections. With the advent of the Omicron variant, reinfections became more frequent, representing up to 10% of cases (based on data from developed countries). The frequency of reinfections in Latin America has been scarcely reported. The current study shows that in Ecuador, the frequency of reinfections has increased 10-fold following the introduction of Omicron, after 22 months of surveillance in a single center of COVID-19 diagnostics. Suspected reinfections were identified retrospectively from a database of RT-qPCR-positive patients. Cases were confirmed by sequencing viral genomes from the first and second infections using the ONT MinION platform. Monthly surveillance showed that the main incidence peaks of reinfections were reached within four to five months, coinciding with the increase of COVID-19 cases in the country, suggesting that the emergence of reinfections is related to higher exposure to the virus during outbreaks. This study performed the longest monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, showing an occurrence at regular intervals of 4-5 months and confirming a greater propensity of Omicron to cause reinfections.
Geochemical Negative Emissions Technologies: Part II. Roadmap
Authors: Maesano Cara N. , Campbell James S. , Foteinis Spyros , Furey Veronica , Hawrot Olivia , Pike Daniel , Aeschlimann Silvan , Reginato Paul L. , Goodwin Daniel R. , Looger Loren L. , Boyden Edward S. , Renforth Phil
Published: September 2022

Geochemical negative emissions technologies (NETs) comprise a set of approaches to climate change mitigation that make use of alkaline minerals to remove and/or permanently store carbon dioxide (CO2) as solid carbonate minerals or dissolved ocean bicarbonate ions. This roadmap accompanies the comprehensive review of geochemical NETs by the same authors and offers guidance for the development and deployment of geochemical NETs at gigaton per year (Gt yr.−1) scale. We lay out needs and high-priority initiatives across six key elements required for the responsible and effective deployment of geochemical NETs: (i) technical readiness, (ii) social license, (iii) demand, (iv) supply chains, (v) human capital, and (vi) infrastructure. We put forward proposals for: specific initiatives to be undertaken; their approximate costs and timelines; and the roles that various actors could play in undertaking them. Our intent is to progress toward a working consensus among researchers, practitioners, and key players about initiatives that merit resourcing and action, primarily focusing on the near-term.
Comparing consumer grade sleep trackers for research purposes: A field study
Authors: Kuosmanen Elina , Visuri Aku , Risto Roosa , Hosio Simo
Published: September 2022

Sleep tracking has been rapidly developing alongside wearable technologies and digital trackers are increasingly being used in research, replacing diaries and other more laborious methods. In this work, we describe the user expectations and experiences of four different sleep tracking devices used simultaneously during week-long field deployment. The sensor-based data collection was supplemented with qualitative data from a 2-week long daily questionnaire period which overlapped with device usage for a period of 1 week. We compare the sleep data on each of the tracking nights between all four devices, and showcase that while each device has been validated with the polysomnography (PSG) gold standard, the devices show highly varying results in everyday use. Differences between devices for measuring sleep duration or sleep stages on a single night can be up to an average of 1 h 36 min. Study participants provided their expectations and experiences with the devices, and provided qualitative insights into their usage throughout the daily questionnaires. The participants assessed each device according to ease of use, functionality and reliability, and comfortability and effect on sleep disturbances. We conclude the work with lessons learned and recommendations for researchers who wish to conduct field studies using digital sleep trackers, and how to mitigate potential challenges and problems that might arise regarding data validity and technical issues.
Rosendaal linear interpolation method appraising of time in therapeutic range in patients with 12-week follow-up interval after mechanical heart valve replacement
Authors: Zhu Xiliang , Xiao Xijun , Wang Sheng , Chen Xianjie , Lu Guoqing , Li Xiaoyang
Published: September 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of anticoagulation by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) for patients with 12-week INR follow-up interval.

Materials and methods

From January 2018 to December 2020, a selective group of patients who underwent mechanical valve replacement and followed up at our anticoagulation clinic for adjustment of warfarin dose were enrolled. The incidences of complications of anticoagulation therapy were reported by linearized rates. TTR was calculated by the Rosendaal linear interpolation method.

Results

Two hundred and seventy-four patients were eligible for this study. The mean age of these patients was 52.8 ± 12.7 years, and 65.7% (180 cases) of them were females. The mean duration of warfarin therapy was 16.7 ± 28.1 months. A total of 1309 INR values were collected, representing 66789 patient days. In this study, the mean TTR was 63.7% ± 18.6%, weekly doses of warfarin were 20.6 ± 6.0 mg/weekly, and the mean monitoring interval for the patient was 53.6 ± 27.1 days. There were 153 cases in good TTR group (TTR ≥ 60%) and 121 cases in poor TTR group (TTR < 60%). The calculated mean TTR in both groups was 42.6% ± 22.1% and 74.8% ± 10.4%, respectively. Compared with the TTR ≥ 60% group, the TTR < 60% group exhibited a more prevalence of female gender (p = 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), NYHA ≥ III (p < 0.001), and lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, p = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, female gender (p = 0.023) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.011) were associated with TTR < 60%. The incidence of major bleeding and thromboembolic events was 2.7% and 1.1% patient-years, respectively. There was one death which resulted from cerebral hemorrhage. The incidence of death was 0.5% patient-years. The difference in anticoagulation-related complications between the TTR < 60% group and the TTR ≥ 60% group was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

For patients with stable international normalized ratio monitoring results who are follow-up at anticoagulation clinics, a 12-week monitoring interval has an acceptable quality of anticoagulation. The female gender and atrial fibrillation were associated with TTR < 60%.
Characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response in HFpEF patients with high vs. normal ejection fraction
Authors: Gu Jun , Ke Jia-han , Wang Yue , Wang Chang-qian , Zhang Jun-feng
Published: September 2022

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients varied by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have different clinical characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response. With data from our prospective HFpEF cohort, we assessed the possible relationship between clinical characteristics, outcome as well as treatment response and LVEF.

Methods

We compared differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes across LVEF categories (50%≤LVEF <60% vs. LVEF≥60%) in 1,502 HFpEF patients, and determined whether LVEF modified the treatment response. During 5-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was used as the primary endpoints, and composite endpoints (all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization) were set as the secondary endpoint.

Results

Patients with higher LVEF were statistically older, more likely to be women and have a history of atrial fibrillation. Patients with lower LVEF category were more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease. The incidences of all-cause mortality and composite endpoints were higher in patients with higher LVEF. Also, LVEF modified the spironolactone treatment effect for the primary outcome and secondary endpoint with stronger estimated benefits at the lower LVEF category with respect to all-cause mortality (HR 0.734, 95% CI 0.541–0.997, P = 0.048) and all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization (HR 0.767, 95% CI 0.604–0.972, P = 0.029).

Conclusion

The characteristics and outcomes of HFpEF patients varied substantially by LVEF. Patients with higher LVEF encountered more adverse events than those with lower LVEF. The potential efficacy of spironolactone was greatest at the lower category of LVEF spectrum in HFpEF.
Association of lung function with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: Results from NHANES III 1988-1994
Authors: Huang Nian , Tang Chengyao , Li Shiyang , Ma Wenzhi , Zhai Xiaobing , Liu Keyang , Sheerah Haytham A. , Cao Jinhong
Published: September 2022

Objective

The potential effects of pulmonary dysfunction on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality are receiving attention. The current study aimed to explore whether reduced lung function predicts CVD and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes.

Methods

A total of 1,723 adults with diabetes (mean age 60.2 years) were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD, and all-cause mortalities. We conducted stratified analyses based on age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 14.62 years (25,184 person-year), a total of 1,221 deaths were documented, of which 327 were CHD, 406 were CVD, and 197 were cancer. After multi-factor adjustment, participants with lower FEV1 and FVC had a higher risk of CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. This association was also found in lower FVC and a higher risk of cancer mortality [HR: 3.85 (1.31–11.32); P for trend = 0.040], but the association of FEV1 was attenuated after adjustment for covariates [HR:2.23 (0.54–9.17); P for trend = 0.247]. In subgroup analysis, we found that the adverse associations of FEV1 and FVC with CVD mortality were observed in subgroups of age, BMI, and history of hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion

Declined lung function was associated with a higher risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. Lung function tests, especially FEV1 and FVC, should be encouraged to provide prognostic and predictive information for the management of CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes.
Pre-eruptive excess volatiles and their relationship to effusive and explosive eruption styles in semi-plugged volcanoes
Authors: Utami Sri Budhi , Andùjar Juan , Costa Fidel , Scaillet Bruno , Humaida Hanik , Carn Simon
Published: September 2022

Understanding the role of various factors influencing eruption style is challenging, but it can aid in adapting different hazard mitigations and crisis responses for explosive or effusive events. Here, we focus on the role of magma storage conditions in controlling eruption styles at basaltic andesite volcanoes, and how they can be related to monitoring data. We study the cycle of explosive (1990, sub-Plinian) → effusive (2007, dome) → explosive (2014, sub-Plinian) eruptions from Kelud (Kelut) volcano, Indonesia. We conducted petrological analyses of the eruption products and phase equilibria experiments using pumice and explored a range of temperatures, pressures, oxygen fugacity, and volatile contents. We show that we can reproduce the main mineral assemblage (plagioclase ± pyroxenes ± magnetite ± amphibole ± olivine) and phenocryst content (30–50 wt%) of the magmas from the three eruptions at T = 975 ± 39°C, p = 175 ± 25 MPa, fO2 = nickel–nickel oxide buffer, and about 4–6 wt% water in the melt (ca. 3 to 5 wt% and ca. 4 to 7 wt% for the 1990 and 2014 eruptions, respectively). However, geothermobarometric results also indicate that some crystals of amphibole were sourced from higher pressures. We infer from a synthesis of our data and historical observations that the high phenocryst content of the 2007 dome (∼70 wt%) likely resulted from slow magma ascent toward the surface alongside progressive degassing and re-equilibration at a lower volatile content (∼1 wt% water in the melt). Mass balance calculations on the sulfur budget of the 1990, 2007, and 2014 magmas show that the explosive events contained an excess fluid phase at pre-eruptive conditions, and we propose that this led to their higher explosivity compared to the 2007 dome. The accumulation of excess fluids during decadal-long repose depends on how plugged the volcanic system is, or its ability to passively release magmatic fluids, prior to eruption. Such condition could be inferred from monitoring records, including changes in gravity of the plumbing system over time, and thus contribute to better anticipate eruptive style.