bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐phase temporal dynamics in random number generation
Authors: Yang Haiming , Bao Yan
Published: September 2023

“Inhibition of return” (IOR) was originally described in the field of spatial attention, but it has also been observed in random number generation tasks. Subjects showed a tendency of “repetition avoidance,” which can be considered as equivalent to IOR in another cognitive domain. As temporal factors have been suspected to play an important role in random number generation, we aimed to examine how such factors might influence regularities such as repetition avoidance in random number generation tasks. Participants were instructed to verbally generate a sequence of numbers at a certain pace, that is, with either 0.5, 1.5, 3 or 4 s between each response. Each number in the sequence should have the same probability of appearance and should be independent from the others. However, it was observed that the human‐generated sequences differed drastically from computer‐simulated pseudo‐random sequences. The distribution of the repetition gap, which indicates how many different numbers are reported between two identical numbers in the generated sequences, showed a “three‐phase” characteristic: a phase of avoidance of the same number, an oscillatory component for coming back to the same number, and finally an exponential decay of number selection frequencies. This three‐phase characteristic was independent of the time interval between responses. These observations indicate an item‐based process in random number generation, making a time‐based control in this task rather unlikely as has been hypothetically assumed.
Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Chunxiu , Sun Haichen , Zhou Tian , Ma Chang , Han Xuexue , Zhang Tianxing , Xia Jinggang
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to clarify the role of glutamine in atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into wild control (wild Con), ApoE−/− control (ApoE−/− Con), glutamine + ApoE−/−control (Glut + ApoE−/− Con), ApoE−/− high fat diet (ApoE−/− HFD), and glutamine + ApoE−/− HFD (Glut + ApoE−/− HFD) groups. The degree of atherosclerosis, western blotting, and multiomics were detected at 18 weeks. An in vitro study was also performed. Glutamine treatment significantly decreased the degree of aortic atherosclerosis (p = 0.03). O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc), IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the ApoE−/− HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ApoE−/− Con group (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05), and aggravated by O‐GlcNA transferase (OGT) overexpression in the in vitro study (p < 0.05). Multiomics showed that the ApoE−/− HFD group had higher levels of oxidative stress regulatory molecules (guanine deaminase [GUAD], xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]), proinflammatory regulatory molecules (myristic acid and myristoleic acid), and stress granules regulatory molecules (caprin‐1 and deoxyribose‐phosphate aldolase [DERA]) (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05). We conclude that glutamine supplementation might alleviate atherosclerosis through downregulation of O‐GlcNAc, glycolysis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathway.
Comparing and integrating TMT‐SPS‐MS3 and label‐free quantitative approaches for proteomics scrutiny in recalcitrant Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel tissue during postharvest period
Authors: Bautista‐Valle Mirna V. , Camacho‐Vazquez Carolina , Elizalde‐Contreras José M. , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan Luis , Limón Abraham M. Vidal , Bojórquez‐Velázquez Esaú , Zamora‐Briseño Jesús Alejandro , Jorrin‐Novo Jesús V. , Ruiz‐May Eliel
Published: September 2023

Despite substantial advances in the use of proteomic technologies, their widespread application in fruit tissues of non‐model and recalcitrant species remains limited. This hampers the understanding of critical molecular events during the postharvest period of fleshy tropical fruits. Therefore, we evaluated label‐free quantitation (LFQ) and TMT‐SPS‐MS3 (TMT) approaches to analyse changes in the protein profile of mango peels during postharvest period. We compared two extraction methods (phenol and chloroform/methanol) and two peptide fractionation schemes (SCX and HPRP). We accurately identified 3065 proteins, of which, 1492 were differentially accumulated over at 6 days after harvesting (DAH). Both LFQ and TMT approaches share 210 differential proteins including cell wall proteins associated with fruit softening, as well as aroma and flavour‐related proteins, which were increased during postharvest period. The phenolic protein extraction and the high‐pH reverse‐phase peptide fractionation was the most effective pipeline for relative quantification. Nevertheless, the information provided by the other tested strategies was significantly complementary. Besides, LFQ spectra allowed us to track down intact N‐glycopeptides corroborating N‐glycosylations on the surface of a desiccation‐related protein. This work represents the largest proteomic comparison of mango peels during postharvest period made so far, shedding light on the molecular foundation of edible fruit during ripening.
Back to the future: Using ancient Bere barley landraces for a sustainable future
Authors: Martin Peter , Russell Joanne , Wishart John , Brown Lawrie K. , Wallace Michael , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , George Timothy S.
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Bere is an ancient barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that was once widely grown in northern Britain, where its ability to grow on poor soils and under challenging climatic conditions made it a valuable staple. By the end of the 20th century, Bere had largely been replaced by higher‐yielding modern varieties and only survived in cultivation on a few Scottish islands. This article reviews the recent revival of Bere, driven by its use in high‐value food and drink products and multidisciplinary research into its genetics, valuable sustainability traits and potential for developing resilient barley varieties.

In Britain, modern cereal varieties have mostly replaced landraces. A remarkable exception occurs on several Scottish islands where Bere, an ancient 6‐row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), is grown as a monocrop or in mixtures. In the Outer Hebrides, the mixture is grown for animal feed, and cultivating it with traditional practices is integral to the conservation of Machair, an important coastal dune ecosystem. In Orkney, Bere is grown as a monocrop, and in situ conservation has recently been strengthened by improved agronomy and new markets for grain to produce unique foods and beverages from beremeal (flour) and malt. In parallel, a recently assembled collection of British and North European barley landraces has allowed the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of Bere and several associated multidisciplinary studies. Genotyping demonstrated Bere's unique identity compared with most other barleys in the collection, indicating an earlier introduction to Scotland than the Norse settlement (c. 9th century AD) suggested previously. Valuable traits found in some Bere accessions include disease resistance, an early heading date (reflecting a short period from sowing to harvest), the ability to grow on marginal, high pH soils deficient in manganese and tolerance to salinity stress. These traits would have been important in the past for grain production under the region's challenging soil and Atlantic‐maritime climatic conditions. We discuss these results within the context of Bere as a genetic, heritage and commercial resource and as a future source of sustainability traits for barley improvement.
Physically based stochastic perturbations improve a high‐resolution forecast of convection
Authors: Puh Matjaž , Keil Christian , Gebhardt Christoph , Marsigli Chiara , Hirt Mirjam , Jakub Fabian , Craig George C.
Published: September 2023

A physically based stochastic perturbation (PSP) scheme has been implemented in the convection‐permitting ICON‐D2 ensemble prediction system at Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and run for a three‐month trial experiment in summer 2021. The scheme mimics the impact of boundary‐layer turbulence on the smallest resolved scales and impacts convective precipitation in particular. A weather‐regime‐dependent systematic evaluation shows that PSP efficiently increases ensemble spread of precipitation in weak synoptic forcing, while producing realistic convective structures. During strong forcing, the effect of the scheme is negligible, as expected by design. A probabilistic verification shows improvements in the forecast skill of other variables as well, especially the spread‐to‐skill ratio, but identifies starting points for further improvements of the method.
Military unmanned aerial vehicle operations through the lens of a high‐reliability system: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Steen Riana , Håheim‐Saers Nils , Aukland Gina
Published: September 2023

This study examines the impact of regulations and standard procedures on safety outcomes in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations, specifically focussing on Norwegian military UAV systems, from a high‐reliability organization (HRO) perspective. By analyzing data from existing regulations, accident reports, and interviews with military drone pilots using thematic analysis, we identify key recurring themes. Our findings highlight the importance of fatigue and exhaustion due to the absence of regulations on resting time for military drone pilots. This poses substantial risks and increases the likelihood of accidents and incidents in UAV operations. Additionally, we uncover gaps in safety reporting and accountability for military UAV pilots, indicating the need for improved reporting procedures that consider the unique operational elements of UAVs. Effective communication between stakeholders, including drone pilots, ground crew, and air traffic controllers, emerges as a critical factor in maintaining situational awareness. This emphasis on communication is consistent with HRO principles and supports the essential safety tasks of UAV pilots, namely sense‐making, decision making, and performance. By uncovering the impact of regulations and operational procedures on safety outcomes and addressing fatigue in UAV operations, this research contributes to enhancing the safety and reliability of Norwegian military UAV systems.
Detection of Flunitrazepam in Biological Fluids and Beverages:A Review
Authors: Chen Siyu , Huang Weibo , Qiu Yunliang , Zhang Xueji , Kong Jinming
Published: September 2023

Flunitrazepam, a very potent benzodiazepine with sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, is commonly used to treat severe insomnia and as an anesthetic. Due to these characteristics, when flunitrazepam is sneaked into alcohol or drinks, it is often highly associated with violent behavior and drug rape cases. Therefore, it is also known as a “date rape drug”, and the detection of flunitrazepam and its metabolites is of great interest in forensic medicine and pharmacotoxicology. This paper describes the mechanism of action and drug metabolism process of flunitrazepam, reviews the different methods for detecting flunitrazepam published over the years, summarizes the detection limits of each method and compares their advantages and disadvantages. We hope to provide some inspiration for future research in this field.
Organocatalytic [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis of Fully Decorated Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potent EGFR Targeting Anticancer Agents**
Authors: Reddy Dodlapati Venkat , Madhukar Reddy Tatipelly , Azam Mohammad , Min Kim , Narsimha Sirassu
Published: September 2023

A general strategy was developed for the synthesis of new fully decorated sulfonyl1,2,3‐triazolyl imidazoles from β‐ketosulfones and several aryl sulfonyl azides using the ramachary organocatalytic cycloaddition method. Organocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of β‐ketosulfone acts as an internal alkyne, as reported for the synthesis of sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazolyl imidazoles at 80 °C in good to excellent yields of products in the presence of catalytic amounts of pyrrolidine (10 mol %). In vitro anticancer activity of all these derivatives revealed that four compounds like 4‐((5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)sulfonyl) benzonitrile, 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)‐1‐((4‐nitro phenyl) sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole,4‐((4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)sulfonyl)benzonitrile, and 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole was active against three human cancer cell lines: MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and A‐549. Later, the results of the inhibitory assay of potent compounds against the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor revealed that compounds 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole and 1‐((4‐chlorophenyl) sulfonyl)‐4‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) sulfonyl)‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole showed more potency than the reference drug erlotinib.
2,2’‐Bipyridine‐Derived Cobalt‐Based Porous Coordination Polymers for Selective Degradation of Anionic Dyes
Authors: Goyal Shivani , Jacob Josemon
Published: September 2023

2,2’‐Bipyridine‐derived two chelating linkers containing two and three bipyridine units were synthesized and characterized. Solvothermal condensation of these linkers with Co(NO3)2.6H2O generated cobalt‐based porous coordination polymers (Co‐PCPs). The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the macroporous nature of the Co‐PCPs, with the highest surface area achieved up to 441.1 m2 g−1. The Co‐PCPs were found to be effective catalysts in the degradation of the anionic dyes, methyl orange (MO) and orange 2 (OII), in the presence of sodium borohydride. Also, the synthesized PCPs were found to selectively catalyse the degradation of anionic dyes from a mixture of dyes (~99 % degradation in 55 min). Regeneration studies showed that the PCPs could be regenerated and reused for more than five cycles with ~98 % retention of degradation efficiency and are promising materials for the selective degradation of anionic dyes from wastewater.
Synthesis of Birch Wood Xylan Sulfate in the Sulfamic Acid–Urea Melt
Authors: Levdansky Vladimir Alexandrovich , Garyntseva Natalya Viktorovna , Levdansky Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of polysaccharide sulfates without harmful solvents used is a serious environmental problem. A method for the synthesis of xylan sulfate using the sulfamic acid–urea melt as a sulfating agent without solvents is proposed. The melt is prepared by heating the sulfamic acid–urea mixture with a molar ratio of 1 : 1 at a temperature of 110 °C. This ratio allows significant reduction of side reactions, in particular, carbamation of xylan. Sulfation is carried out at temperatures of 110,115, 120, 125, and 130 °C. The maximum yield and degree of substitution (DSsulfate 1.40) are attained at atemperature of 115 °C. The proposed method makes it possible to synthesize xylan sulfate rapidly (for 0.5 h) and without contamination of the obtained product with toxic solvents, e. g., dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, etc. The composition and structure of initial and sulfated xylan are confirmed by FTIR, NMR, GC, and elemental analysis.
Preparation of Nitro‐Substituted 3‐Benzylindoles via 3‐Benzylideneindolines
Authors: Samet Alexander V. , Semenov Victor V.
Published: September 2023

Nitro‐substituted 3‐benzylindoles were obtained via piperidine‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of 4,6‐dinitro‐1‐tosylindoline with aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes (yields 42–68 %) followed by a DBU‐induced shift of the C=C bond thus formed into the 5‐membered ring (yields 59–84 %).
Stressful life events and heart disease and stroke: A study among Portuguese older adults
Authors: Quaresma Ana , Alves Elisabete , Fraga Silvia , Henriques Ana
Published: September 2023

The link between stressful life events (SLE) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke, among older adults. Data from 678 participants from the population‐based cohort EPIPorto, with ≥60 years and complete information regarding SLE and heart disease or stroke, were analysed. Stressful life events were measured through the ‘Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire’. A previous diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was self‐reported. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals were computed through logistic regression. Almost a fourth of the participants never experienced any SLE throughout life, 30.0% experienced at least one event, 17.5% experienced two and 27.7% had experienced three or more SLE. A dose‐effect association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was observed, statistically significant for those who had at least 3 types of SLE, independently of confounders (≥3SLE vs. 0SLE: OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.12–3.57). This cross‐sectional study suggests that cumulative exposure to different types of SLE during the life course was associated with a higher likelihood of having a diagnosis of heart disease or a stroke at a later age. Future longitudinal studies should better deepen this association, particularly by evaluating which type of SLE is more related to a higher prevalence of heart disease and stroke, and how the timing of the SLE influence this relation.
Deciphering the Mechanisms of Photo‐Enhanced Catalytic Activities in Plasmonic Pd‐Au Heteromeric Nanozymes for Colorimetric Analysis
Authors: Sang Xueqing , Xia Shiyu , Cheng Lu , Wu Fengxia , Tian Yu , Guo Chenxi , Xu Guobao , Yuan Yali , Niu Wenxin
Published: September 2023

The growing demand for highly active nanozymes in various fields has led to the development of several strategies to enhance their activity. Plasmonic enhancement, a strategy used in heterogenous catalysis, represents a promising strategy to boost the activity of nanozymes. Herein, Pd‐Au heteromeric nanoparticles (Pd‐Au dimers) with well‐defined heterointerfaces have been explored as plasmonic nanozymes. As a model system, the Pd‐Au dimers with integrated peroxidase (POD)‐like activity and plasmonic activity are used to investigate the effect of plasmons on enhancing the activity of nanozymes under visible light irradiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the generation of hot electron‐hole pairs plays a dominant role in plasmonic effect, and it greatly enhances the decomposition of H2O2 to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates (•OH, •O2− and 1O2), leading to elevated POD‐like activity of the Pd‐Au dimers. Finally, the Pd‐Au dimers are applied in the plasmon‐enhanced colorimetric method for the detection of alkaline phosphatase, exhibiting broad linear range and low detection limit. This study not only provides a straightforward approach for regulating nanozyme activity through plasmonic heterostructures but also sheds light on the mechanism of plasmon‐enhanced catalysis of nanozymes.
Operationalizing the Access–Voice–Choice Framework for Equitably and Justly Teaching the Language for School Literacy
Authors: Phillips Galloway Emily
Published: September 2023

While research unequivocally points to the need to teach the language that supports participation in reading and writing activities in middle‐grade classrooms, many educators grapple with how to create the instructional conditions that promote equitable and just opportunities for students to learn the Language of School Literacy (LSL). In this article, I operationalize the Access–Voice–Choice (AVC) framework and illustrate its application through teaching vignettes. The AVC framework engages educators in considering how to in which language serves as a medium: (1) for giving learners access to concepts and content contained in school texts and to the communities where this knowledge is produced; (2) for amplifying student voice; and (3) for providing learners with choice in the language they use in the classroom and in the linguistic communities in which they choose to participate. This critical framework offers a useful heuristic model to think about how and why we teach LSL to our students. I argue that if the goal of our instruction is to develop in students the ability to use language critically and flexibly, we must create the sorts of classrooms that position them as critical and flexible language users from the start.
Preparation and Tensile Properties of Citric Acid Crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with Nano‐Alumina
Authors: Sinha Ankjeet , Ullas A. V.
Published: September 2023

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is widely used in many industrial applications due to its attractive physico‐chemical properties. However, water solubility and limited mechanical strength may sometimes restrict its usage. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) films, particularly the tensile strength, the percentage elongation and Young's modulus. Poly(vinyl alcohol) films were prepared by solution casting. Citric acid is used as a crosslinker and nano‐alumina (0.1–1% w/w) has been added as reinforcement in the crosslinked matrix. Compared to uncrosslinked films, the films containing citric acid demonstrate an increase of ~10% and ~38% in the tensile strength and modulus, respectively. Nano‐alumina acted as a suitable reinforcement and enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of crosslinked film by ~20% and ~27%, respectively, at 0.3% (w/w) loading. Uncrosslinked film dissolved in distilled water whereas the crosslinked films underwent swelling which reduced with the addition of nano‐alumina. Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with nano‐alumina thus possess superior properties compared to both uncrosslinked and crosslinked films. The crosslinked nanocomposite films could find immense use as a food packaging material or in making membranes for water desalination.

Highlights

Poly(vinyl alcohol) chemically crosslinked by citric acid.

Nano‐alumina added as reinforcement in crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) film.

Swelling studies conducted on crosslinked nanocomposite films.

Tensile testing results showing the supremacy of crosslinked nanocomposite films over uncrosslinked and crosslinked pure film.
A simplest modular S3 model for leptons
Authors: Meloni Davide , Parriciatu Matteo
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We present minimalist constructions for lepton masses and mixing based on flavour symmetry under the modular group ΓN of lowest level N = 2. As opposed to the only existing model of Γ2 ≅ S3 formulated in a SUSY framework, the only non-SM field is the modulus τ, and a generalised CP symmetry is implemented. Charged-leptons masses are reproduced through symmetry arguments, without requiring fine-tuning of the free parameters. As a result, all lepton observables (masses and mixing) are reproduced within 1σ experimental range using a minimum of nine free real parameters (including the real and imaginary parts of the modulus). A normal ordering for the neutrino masses is predicted. We also obtain predictions for the CP violating phases: the Dirac CP phase is predicted around 1.6π, the Majorana phases lie in narrow regions near ±π. The sum of neutrino masses is within the current bound at ∼ 0.09 eV. Furthermore, we provide predictions for the neutrinoless double beta decay and tritium decay effective masses, around 20 meV. Given the reduced number of free input parameters as compared to the existing literature on modular S3, this work renews interest for a unified predictive model of quark-lepton sectors based on Γ2 ≅ S3.
Solving a Dirichlet problem on unbounded domains via a conformal transformation
Authors: Gibara Ryan , Korte Riikka , Shanmugalingam Nageswari
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we solve the p-Dirichlet problem for Besov boundary data on unbounded uniform domains with bounded boundaries when the domain is equipped with a doubling measure satisfying a Poincaré inequality. This is accomplished by studying a class of transformations that have been recently shown to render the domain bounded while maintaining uniformity. These transformations conformally deform the metric and measure in a way that depends on the distance to the boundary of the domain and, for the measure, a parameter p. We show that the transformed measure is doubling and the transformed domain supports a Poincaré inequality. This allows us to transfer known results for bounded uniform domains to unbounded ones, including trace results and Adams-type inequalities, culminating in a solution to the Dirichlet problem for boundary data in a Besov class.
The application of fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning as non-destructive approach to distinguish two different varieties of greenhouse tomatoes
Authors: Slavova Vanya , Ropelewska Ewa , Sabanci Kadir
Published: September 2023

The application of interdisciplinary non-invasive diagnostic methods combining fluorescence spectroscopy with multiple machine learning algorithms as tools for rapid application in tomato breeding programs is essential when crossing specific genotypes or parental samples to obtain representatives with better performance. Non-destructive distinguishing tomato species is of great importance for the preservation of product quality. This study aimed at combining fluorescence spectroscopic data and machine learning algorithms for distinguishing greenhouse tomatoes. The models for the discrimination of greenhouse tomato samples were built based on selected spectroscopic data using different machine learning algorithms from the groups of Meta, Functions, Bayes, Trees, Rules, and Lazy. The confusion matrices with accuracy for each sample, average accuracy, time taken to build the model, Kappa statistic, mean absolute error, root mean squared error and relative absolute error were determined. The greenhouse tomato samples were discriminated with an accuracy reaching 100% for the models built using Multi-Class Classifier (Meta), Logistic (Function), Bayes Net (Bayes), PART (Rules), and J48 (Trees). In the case of these algorithms, Kappa statistic was 1.0 and mean absolute error, root mean squared error and relative absolute error were equal to 0.
OECD indicator ‘AMI 30-day mortality’ is neither comparable between countries nor suitable as indicator for quality of acute care
Authors: Stolpe Susanne , Kowall Bernd , Werdan Karl , Zeymer Uwe , Bestehorn Kurt , Weber Michael A. , Schneider Steffen , Stang Andreas
Published: September 2023

Background

Hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI, ICD-10: I21–I22) is used as OECD indicator of the quality of acute care. The reported AMI hospital mortality in Germany is more than twice as high as in the Netherlands or Scandinavia. Yet, in Europe, Germany ranks high in health spending and availability of cardiac procedures. We provide insights into this contradictory situation.

Methods

Information was collected on possible factors causing the reported differences in AMI mortality such as prevalence of risk factors or comorbidities, guideline conform treatment, patient registration, and health system structures of European countries. International experts were interviewed. Data on OECD indicators ‘AMI 30-day mortality using unlinked data’ and ‘average length of stay after AMI’ were used to describe the association between these variables graphically and by linear regression.

Results

Differences in prevalence of risk factors or comorbidities or in guideline conform acute care account only to a smaller extent for the reported differences in AMI hospital mortality. It is influenced mainly by patient registration rules and organization of health care. Non-reporting of day cases as patients and centralization of AMI care—with more frequent inter-hospital patient transfers—artificially lead to lower calculated hospital mortality. Frequency of patient transfers and national reimbursement policies affect the average length of stay in hospital which is strongly associated with AMI hospital mortality (adj R2 = 0.56). AMI mortality reported from registries is distorted by different underlying populations.

Conclusion

Most of the variation in AMI hospital mortality is explained by differences in patient registration and organization of care instead of differences in quality of care, which hinders cross-country comparisons of AMI mortality. Europe-wide sentinel regions with comparable registries are necessary to compare (acute) care after myocardial infarction.

Graphical abstract
The impact of pollution on the dynamics of industry location and residence choice
Authors: Commendatore P. , Kubin I. , Sodini M. , Sushko I.
Published: September 2023

In this paper we analyze the role of pollution for industry location and residence choice. We present a new economic geography (NEG) model in which manufacturing generates local pollution (that does not accumulate) and uses two types of labour input: unskilled workers that cannot migrate and work where they live; and high-skilled entrepreneurs that choose where to produce and where to live. Taking on board costless commuting or, in alternative, distance working, entrepreneurs can live in a different location from production. Both types of households enjoy utility from consuming all commodities (locally and imported variants) and suffer from local pollution. The resulting model is of the footloose entrepreneur variant, but involves two dynamic equations: the standard one governing the residential choice of entrepreneurs, and another one governing where production is located. The current paper analyses the discrete time dynamic process defined by a two-dimensional piecewise smooth map. Depending on parameters this map can have possibly coexisting attractors of various types (fixed points, cycles, closed curves as well as chaotic attractors). We analytically obtain stability conditions for the fixed points. Using numerical methods we describe also some global dynamic properties of the considered map. Finally, we propose an economic interpretation of the results concerning local stability analysis and global dynamics.
Shake-table test on a historical masonry aggregate: prediction and postdiction using an equivalent-frame model
Authors: Tomić Igor , Beyer Katrin
Published: September 2023

Modeling the seismic response of historical masonry buildings is challenging due to many aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Additionally, the interaction between structural units further complicates predictions of the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry aggregates found throughout European city centers. This motivated the experimental campaign on half-scale, double-leaf stone masonry aggregates within the SERA (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe)—Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures project. The experimental campaign included a blind prediction competition that provided participants with data on materials, geometry, construction details, and seismic input. After the test, the actual seismic input and all recorded and processed data on accelerations, base-shear, and displacements were shared with participants. Instead of a single analysis for the prediction phase, we performed broader stochastic incremental dynamic analyses to answer whether the common assumptions for aggregate modeling of either fully coupled or completely separated units yield safe predictions of aggregate behavior. We modeled buildings as equivalent frames in OpenSEES using a newly developed macroelement, which captures both in-plane and out-of-plane failure modes. To simulate the interaction between two units, we implemented a new material model and applied it to zero-length elements connecting the units. Our results demonstrate the importance of explicitly modeling the non-linear connection between the units and using probabilistic approaches when evaluating the aggregate response. Although modeling simplifications of the unit interaction and deterministic approaches might produce conservative results in predicted failure peak ground acceleration, we found that these simplified approaches overlook the likely damage and failure modes. Our results further stress the importance of calibrating material parameters with results from equivalent quasi-static cyclic tests and using appropriate damping models.
Drivers, predictors, and probabilities of plant extinctions in South Africa
Authors: Van der Colff D. , Kumschick S. , Foden W. , Raimondo D. , Botella C. , von Staden L. , Wilson J. R. U.
Published: September 2023

Understanding how and why plants are driven to extinction is important if future extinctions are to be prevented. Here we examined reasons for extinctions of plants using data from the South African Red List, which includes 33 Extinct taxa from 15 families and 24 genera including seven infraspecific taxa. We also compared Extinct taxa with those that are threatened and not-threatened, exploring predictors of extinction based on traits, distribution, and anthropogenic threats. Finally, we applied two structured approaches to estimate the probability of extinction—the first uses argument-maps based on threat information and the second is based on survey-effort. We found that most extinctions were recorded in the Cape Floristic Region and were of perennial shrubs. Most taxa recorded as Extinct were only known from one site and are assumed to have been range restricted. Range size was, therefore, unsurprisingly the strongest predictor of extinction. The next strongest predictor was habitat loss. Based on the argument-map approach only 36% of Extinct taxa met an assigned extinction threshold, with most taxa categorised as Critically Endangered Possibly Extinct (50%). Only two taxa had sufficient data to evaluate the survey-effort approach. We support the use of both the argument-map and the survey-effort approaches to evaluate evidence for extinction but caution against strictly applying these methods as the only assessment tools. These approaches provide an evidence-based, quantitative, and well-documented process to support Red List assessments. Furthermore, they highlight knowledge gaps, the value of surveys and the need to improve threat documentation and monitoring. Use of these approaches can improve understanding of species ecology, thereby providing an essential foundation for conservation efforts to prevent extinctions.
Applicability of magnetic seeds for target lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in initially node-positive breast cancer patients: data from the AXSANA study
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Stickeler Elmar , de Boniface Jana , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Kontos Michalis , Seitz Stephan , Kaltenecker Gabriele , Wärnberg Fredrik , Zetterlund Linda Holmstrand , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Fröhlich Sarah , Kühn Thorsten
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Currently, various techniques are available to mark and selectively remove initially suspicious axillary lymph nodes (target lymph nodes, TLNs) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). To date, limited data are available on whether the use of magnetic seeds (MS) is suitable for localizing TLNs. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of MS in patients undergoing target lymph node biopsy (TLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after NACT.

Methods

Prospective data from the ongoing multicentric AXSANA study were extracted from selected patients in whom the TLN had been marked with an MS before NACT and who were enrolled from June 2020 to June 2023. The endpoints of the analysis were the detection rate, the rate of lost markers, and the potential impairment on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment.

Results

In 187 patients from 27 study sites in seven countries, MS were placed into the TLN before NACT. In 151 of these, post-NACT surgery had been completed at the time of analysis. In 146 patients (96.0%), a TLN could successfully be detected. In three patients, the seed was removed but no lymphoid tissue was detected on histopathology. The rate of lost markers was 1.2% (2 out of 164 MS). In 15 out of 151 patients (9.9%), MRI assessment was reported to be compromised by MS placement.

Conclusion

MS show excellent applicability for TLNB/TAD when inserted before NACT with a high DR and a low rate of lost markers. Axillary MS can impair MRI assessment of the breast.

Trial registration number

NCT04373655 (date of registration May 4, 2020).
Predictors of Seeking Mental Health Treatment in Black Men: Therapy Fears and Expectations About Counseling
Authors: Turner Erlanger A. , Douglas Courtland , Haseeb Abdul
Published: September 2023

The current study examined predictors of mental health treatment among Black men while incarcerated. Participants were 76 individuals who identified as Black Americans and were recruited from a correctional setting. Using secondary data analysis (Shaw, L. B., & Morgan, R. D. (2011). Inmate attitudes toward treatment: Mental health service utilization and treatment effects. Law and Human Behavior, 35(4), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-010-9233-5.), results indicated that Black men with a mental health diagnosis were more likely than those without a diagnosis to report receiving mental health treatment while incarcerated. Additionally, linear regression analyses indicated that only expectations about treatment (i.e., personal commitment; not therapy fears or history of mental health diagnosis) significantly predicted the current use of mental health treatment. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
HIF1α and HIF2α immunoreactivity in epithelial tissue of primary and recurrent pterygium by immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Schoelles Kristina Joana , Kemper Katharina , Martin Gottfried , Boehringer Daniel , Brinks Katarzyna , Mittelviefhaus Hans , Reinhard Thomas , Auw-Haedrich Claudia
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative expression or immunoreactivity of HIF1α and HIF2α in the epithelium of primary pterygium, recurrences and healthy conjunctiva.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against HIF1α and HIF2α, respectively, on 55/84 primary pterygium specimens, 6/28 recurrences and 20/20 control tissues (healthy conjunctiva).

Results

Immunohistochemical staining revealed lower epithelial immunoreactivity of HIF1α and HIF2α in both primary pterygium (11% and 38%) and recurrences (18% and 21%) when compared to healthy conjunctival tissue (46% and 66%). Differences between immunoreactivity of HIF1α and of HIF2α in primary pterygium and controls were each highly significant (p < .001). Within the group of primary pterygium, epithelial immunoreactivity of HIF2α (38%) was significantly higher than that of HIF1α (11%). In recurrent pterygium and healthy conjunctiva, immunoreactivity levels of HIF2α were higher than those of HIF1α as well; however, differences between both isoforms were not significant.

Conclusion

Our study shows evidence that the higher expressed epithelial HIF2α, rather than HIF1α, and the balance between both HIF isoforms might be relevant factors associated with pathogenesis of primary pterygium. Modulation of HIF2α levels and activity may thus offer a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of advancing pterygium where the initial stage with its HIF1-peak has already passed.
Alternative output, input and income concepts for the production accounts
Authors: Diewert W. Erwin , Fox Kevin J.
Published: September 2023

Definitions of output and input are key to studies of productivity analysis, as they are to the national accounts of countries. This paper systematically reviews alternative definitions at production unit and aggregate levels, illustrating the different perspectives that they provide on production and income, and making the case for their use in understanding different aspects of firm and country economic performance.
Organizational normativity and teleology: a critique
Authors: Corti Luca
Published: September 2023

In recent years, so-called organizational accounts (OA) have emerged in theoretical biology as a powerful, viable strategy for naturalizing teleology and normativity. In the wake of the theoretical tradition of autopoiesis and biological autonomy, OA notably propose a new meaning for the notion of “organization,” which they claim to be capable, among other things, of grounding objective and observer-independent normative teleological ascriptions. In this paper, I focus on this last claim, asking “How are ‘organization’ and ‘normativity’ conceptually connected?” The basic insight mobilized by the OA framework to answer this question is most often expressed as a counterfactual argument regarding the “conditions of existence” of organized entities. In this paper, I show that careful scrutiny of this core OA argument reveals a substantial shortcoming. To make this point, I first analyze how the OA framework positions the idea of “conditions of existence” via the notions of “dependence”, “constraint,” and “closure.” Second, I consider various possible interpretations of the OA counterfactual argument grounding norms. I conclude that the implications of this argument do not enable OA to deliver what they promise, i.e., a straightforward link between organization and norms. I argue that a different strategy is needed to capture the basic organizational intuition about biological normativitiy and suggest that a stipulative route might be better suitable to that end.
Stormwater Suspended Solids and Pollutant Concentrations in an Urban Stream
Authors: Spence K. , Gilbert I. , Robson M.
Published: September 2023

The chemical and ecological quality of small rivers or streams is not normally classified, but any urban stormwater discharges will result in their impairment. To assist in understanding the resulting applied environmental stress to benthic communities, the empirical relationships between in-stream suspended solids and metal pollutants, initially identified by principal component analysis, are explored using data from a small urbanised upland catchment. When data are amalgamated from individual storms, a correlation for each metal pollutant with suspended solids is obtained, starting very strongly, and decreasing in the order Fe > Al > Mn > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni. Comparison of pollutant/solids correlations for individual storms is, for some metals, excellent, but differing intercepts and/or gradients can be obtained for an individual metal between storms. The practice of assessing their correlation based on event mean concentrations or longer-term averages across several storm events may conceal strong correlations for individual storms, exemplifying the impact of variable catchment characteristics and storm conditions; Cd and Be are poorly correlated with suspended solids and are likely affected by changes in background pollution levels. The analysis of covariance also highlights a significant difference between certain storm events for specific metals, which calls into question the validity of using combined storm-event datasets. The relationships identified here enable the determination of stormwater pollutant loads from suspended solids concentrations for heavy metals and are useful for developing water quality assessments.
Usability evaluation of the international FitBack web portal for monitoring youth fitness
Authors: Carraro Attilio , Santi Giampaolo , Colangelo Alessandra , Mäestu Jarek , Milošević Vladimir , Morrison Shawnda A. , Olvera-Rojas Marcos , Podnar Hrvoje , Jurak Gregor
Published: September 2023

Background

FitBack is an international network established to support the creation of physical fitness monitoring and surveillance systems for children and adolescents across Europe.

Aims

As a part of the greater scope of the FitBack European project, the FitBack web portal was designed and tailored for various target groups, such as teachers, health professionals, policy makers, parents, and youths, with the aim to promote their physical and health literacy.

Methods

The FitBack web portal is a free and multilingual online resource, and two of its webpages were evaluated: “Make interactive report” was evaluated by 78 secondary school students and 27 physical education teachers, and “10 steps to design a physical fitness monitoring system” by 14 physical activity promotion policy makers. Validated scales and open-ended questions were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative responses.

Results

‘Good’-to-‘excellent’ scores emerged for user experience (5.43–6.36 out of 7) and webpage usability (3.70–4.27 out of 5). Qualitative feedback highlighted positive comments and cues on how to improve website features.

Conclusions

Results indicate that the current FitBack web portal is a clear and user-friendly mobile health tool, which includes relevant information on how to use and implement youth physical fitness monitoring and surveillance systems.
Influence of dwell time and temperature on the measured gloss of printed UV-inks containing aluminum pigments
Authors: Weber Carl Fridolin , Polat Ilayda , Sauer Hans Martin , Dörsam Edgar , Schmitt-Lewen Martin
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the relationship between measured gloss and the microstructure of printed UV-inks containing aluminum pigments. Using a laboratory flexo printing machine, UV-inks containing leafing-type vacuum metallized pigments were printed onto Chromolux paper and primed MultiArt Gloss paper. The time between printing and curing of the ink (dwell time) was varied between the experimental runs. For some samples, hot air was applied onto the uncured UV-ink during the dwell time. The influence of heat (hot air) and dwell time on gloss and the topography of the pigment layer as well as the influence of the substrate was investigated. Roughness and waviness data were obtained using a confocal microscope (Sensofar PLu Neox), gloss measurements were obtained using an IQ-S gloss meter. It was shown that a longer dwell time as well as hot air has a positive influence on the specular gloss measured on the metallic ink printed on Chromolux paper. Also, good correlations could be found between specular gloss, roughness, and waviness, respectively. For primed Multi Art Gloss paper, however, a longer dwell time and hot air can have a negative influence on specular gloss. Also, correlations between roughness, waviness and specular gloss are not as strong as for Chromolux paper.