bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study on the use of elemental profiles to authenticate aromatic rice: the case of Basmati and Thai rice
Authors: Dumitrascu Catalina , Fiamegos Yiannis , de la Calle Guntiñas Maria Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Among the thousands of existing rice varieties, aromatic rice has increasingly attracted consumer’s preference in recent years. Within aromatic rice, Basmati, cultivated in some regions in Pakistan and India, is highly demanded. Other aromatic rice, cultivated in specific regions, for instance in Thailand (commonly referred to as Jasmine Thai rice), are also highly appreciated by consumers. In this work, the elemental profiles of commercially available rice samples (17 Basmati, 11 Thai, and 7 Long Grain rice) were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy. The mass fractions of P, Cl, S, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn were significantly different (95% confidence interval) between Basmati and Thai rice and between Thai and Long Grain rice; only Cl, S, and Zn were significantly different between Basmati and Long Grain rice. Multivariate evaluation of the results combining soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowed the correct classification (true positives) of 94.1, 85.6, and 100% of the Basmati, Long Grain, and Thai rice, respectively. The specificity (true negatives) of Basmati, Long Grain, and Thai was 94.4, 82.1, and 100%, respectively.
Correction to: Comparison of short‑stem with conventional‑stem prostheses in total hip arthroplasty: an 8-year follow‑up study
Authors: Zimmerer Alexander , Slouka Stefanie , Kinkel Stefan , Fritz Thomas , Weiss Stefan , Sobau Christian , Miehlke Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-03984-z
Correction to: Patellar fixation graft via suture anchors versus tunnel techniques during isolated MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Driessen Arne , Quack Valentin , Schenker Hanno , Tingart Markus , Eschweiler Jörg
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-03987-w
The ability of post-chemoradiotherapy DWI ADCmean and 18F-FDG SUVmax to predict treatment outcomes in head and neck cancer: impact of human papilloma virus oropharyngeal cancer status
Authors: Connor S. , Sit C. , Anjari M. , Lei M. , Guerrero-Urbano T. , Szyszko T. , Cook G. , Bassett P. , Goh V.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the ability of post-chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) diffusion-weighted-MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) and 18F-FDG PET maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to determine whether this ability is influenced by human papillomavirus oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) status.

Methods

This prospective cohort observational study included 65 participants (53 male, mean ± SD age 59.9 ± 7.9 years, 46 HPV-OPC) with stage III or IV HNSCC. Primary tumour and nodal ADCmean (pre-treatment, 6- and 12-weeks post-CRT) and SUVmax (12-weeks post-CRT) were measured. Variables were compared with 2-year DFS (independent t-test/Mann–Whitney test) and overall DFS (Cox regression), before and after accounting for HPV-OPC status. Variables were also compared between HPV-OPC and other HNSCC subgroups after stratifying for DFS.

Results

Absolute post-CRT ADCmean values predicted 2-year DFS and overall DFS for all participants (p = 0.03/0.03, 6-week node; p = 0.02/0.03 12-week primary tumour) but not in the HPV-OPC subgroup. In participants with DFS, percentage interval changes in primary tumour ADCmean at 6- and 12-weeks were higher in HPV-OPC than other HNSCC (p = 0.01, 6 weeks; p = 0.005, 12 weeks). The 12-week post-CRT SUVmax did not predict DFS.

Conclusion

Absolute post-CRT ADCmean values predicted DFS in HNSCC but not in the HPV-OPC subgroup. Amongst participants with DFS, post-CRT percentage interval changes in primary tumour ADCmean were significantly higher in HPV-OPC than in other HNSCC. Knowledge of HPV-OPC status is crucial to the clinical utilisation of post-CRT DWI-MRI for the prediction of outcomes.
Upregulation of the ErbB family by EZH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma confers resistance to FGFR inhibitor
Authors: Prawira Aldo , Le Thi Bich Uyen , Ho Rebecca Zhi Wen , Huynh Hung
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common manifestation of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide with limited treatment options. Infigratinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, has shown a potent antitumour effect in HCC. However, drug resistance is often observed in long-term treatment. In this study, we examined the potential feedback mechanism(s) leading to infigratinib and explored a combination therapy to overcome resistance in HCC.

Methods

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours were subcutaneously implanted into SCID mice and were subsequently treated with infigratinib. Tumour growth was monitored over time, and tumour samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. For drug combination studies, mice were treated with infigratinib and/or varlitinib. Gene overexpression and knockdown studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between EZH2 and ErbB activity in infigratinib resistance.

Results

Infigratinib-resistant tumours exhibited higher levels of p-ErbB2 and p-ErbB3, concomitant with an increase in EZH2 expression. Gene overexpression and knockdown studies revealed that EZH2 directly regulates the levels of p-ErbB2 and p-ErbB3 in acquired resistance to infigratinib. The addition of varlitinib effectively overcame infigratinib resistance and prolonged the antitumour response, with minimal toxicity.

Conclusion

The upregulation of the ErbB family by EZH2 appears to contribute to infigratinib resistance. The combination of infigratinib and varlitinib showed a potent antitumour effect and did not result in additional toxicity, warranting further clinical investigation.
Spectroscopy as a useful tool for the identification of changes with time in post-mortem vitreous humor for forensic toxicology purposes
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Mitura Agata , Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata , Kurczab Rafał , Zawadzki Marcin
Published: June 2021

Vitreous humor (VH) is an alternative biological matrix with a great advantage of longer availability for analysis due to the lack of many enzymes. The use of VH in forensic toxicology may have an added benefit, however, this application requires rapid, simple, non-destructive, and relatively portable analytical analysis methods. These requirements may be met by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique (FT-IR) equipped with attenuated total reflection accessory (ATR). FT-IR spectra of vitreous humor samples, deposited on glass slides, were collected and subsequent chemometric data analysis by means of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis was conducted. Differences between animal and human VH samples and human VH samples stored for diverse periods of time were detected. A kinetic study of changes in the VH composition up to 2 weeks showed the distinction of FT-IR spectra collected on the 1st and 14th day of storage. In addition, data obtained for the most recent human vitreous humor samples—collected 3 and 2 years before the study, presented successful discrimination of all time points studied. The method introduced was unable to detect mephedrone addition to VH in the concentration of 10 µg/cm3.

Graphic abstract
Internal field study of 21700 battery based on long-life embedded wireless temperature sensor
Authors: Yang Le , Li Na , Hu Likun , Wang Shaoqi , Wang Lin , Zhou Jiang , Song Wei-Li , Sun Lei , Pan Tai-Song , Chen Hao-Sen , Fang Daining
Published: June 2021

The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical. It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing. However, the transmission of internal measurement outside batteries without interfering their normal state is a non-trivial task due to the harsh electrochemical environment, the particular packaging structures and the intrinsic electromagnetic shielding problems of batteries. In this work, a novel in-situ temperature sensing framework is proposed by incorporating temperature sensors with a novel signal transmission solution. The signal transmission solution uses a self-designed integrated-circuit which modulates the internal measurements outside battery via its positive pole without package breaking. Extensive experimental results validate the noninterference properties of the proposed framework. Our proposed in-situ temperature measurement by the self-designed signal modulation solution has a promising potential for in-situ battery health monitoring and thus promoting the development of smart batteries.

Graphic abstract
Dynamic maintenance model for high average-utility pattern mining with deletion operation
Authors: Wu Jimmy Ming-Tai , Teng Qian , Tayeb Shahab , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: June 2021

The high average-utility itemset mining (HAUIM) was established to provide a fair measure instead of genetic high-utility itemset mining (HUIM) for revealing the satisfied and interesting patterns. In practical applications, the database is dynamically changed when insertion/deletion operations are performed on databases. Several works were designed to handle the insertion process but fewer studies focused on processing the deletion process for knowledge maintenance. In this paper, we then develop a PRE-HAUI-DEL algorithm that utilizes the pre-large concept on HAUIM for handling transaction deletion in the dynamic databases. The pre-large concept is served as the buffer on HAUIM that reduces the number of database scans while the database is updated particularly in transaction deletion. Two upper-bound values are also established here to reduce the unpromising candidates early which can speed up the computational cost. From the experimental results, the designed PRE-HAUI-DEL algorithm is well performed compared to the Apriori-like model in terms of runtime, memory, and scalability in dynamic databases.
Active antibacterial coating of cotton fabrics with antimicrobial proteins
Authors: Xu Amy Y. , McGillivray Duncan J. , Dingley Andrew J.
Published: June 2021

The prevention of bacteria colonization by immobilizing proteins with antimicrobial activity onto cotton fabrics was investigated. Such coatings have potential applications in medical dressing materials used in wound care and healing. Two antimicrobial proteins lysozyme and hydramacin-1 (HM-1) were surface immobilized through two linkers (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and citric acid in the presence of the water soluble carbodiimide coupling reagent 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate. Surface composition analysis by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirmed formation of the protein-cellulose conjugates. Antimicrobial activities of the different functionalized surfaces were found to vary between APTES and citric acid directed coatings. Citric acid immobilized lysozyme treated samples demonstrated superior activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, whereas APTES immobilized HM-1 treated samples demonstrated an advantage in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity and stability of citric acid immobilized protein fabrics following sonication, boiling and chemical treatment were noticeably higher than that of the corresponding APTES immobilized protein fabrics. The dual coating of fibers with both antimicrobial proteins afforded efficient antimicrobial activities against both bacterial species. The results suggest that coating cotton fibers with antimicrobial proteins and peptides represents a feasible approach for developing active surfaces that prohibit growth and colonization of bacterial strains and can be potentially used in medical cotton-based fabrics.
Correction to: The Bright Side of Grit in Burnout-Prevention: Exploring Grit in the Context of Demands-Resources Model among Chinese High School Students
Authors: Teuber Ziwen , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Wild Elke
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01198-3
Tensions in Representing Behavioral Data in an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Marcu Gabriela , Dey Anind K. , Kiesler Sara
Published: June 2021

Taking an action research approach, we engaged in fieldwork with school-based behavioral health care teams to: observe record keeping practices, design and deploy a prototype system addressing key challenges, and reflect on its use. We describe the challenges of capturing behavioral data using both paper and electronic records. Creating records of behaviors requires direct observation, and as a result the record keeping responsibility is challenging to distribute across a care team. Behavioral data on paper must be transferred and prepared for reporting, both inside the organization and to stakeholders outside of the organization. In prototyping a computerized working record, we targeted user needs for capturing details of a behavioral incident in the moment. Challenges persisted through the transition from paper to our prototype, and based on these empirical findings over two years of fieldwork, we present five tensions in representing behavioral data in an electronic health record. These tensions reflect the differences between entering behavioral data into the record for intraorganizational use versus interorganizational use.
Apatinib with doxorubicin and ifosfamide as neoadjuvant therapy for high-risk soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tian Zhichao , Wang Jiaqiang , Yang Jinpo , Zhang Peng , Wang Xin , Zhang Fan , Li Po , Yao Weitao
Published: June 2021

Background

There is a need to establish an effective neoadjuvant therapy for soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). We previously showed that apatinib, administered in combination with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, improves the efficacy of treatment. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness and safety of apatinib combined with doxorubicin and ifosfamide (AI) neoadjuvant chemotherapy for STSs.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with STS who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery between January 2016 and January 2019. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: AI + apatinib group and AI group (doxorubicin + ifosfamide).

Results

The study included 74 patients (AI + apatinib: 26, AI: 48) with STS. There were significant between-group differences in objective response rates (53.85% vs. 29.17%, p = 0.047) and the average change in target lesion size from baseline (-40.46 ± 40.30 vs. -16.31 ± 34.32, p = 0.008). The R0 rate (84.62% vs. 68.75%; p = 0.170) and 2-year disease-free survival (73.08% vs. 62.50%, p = 0.343) were similar across groups. Finally, the rates of neoadjuvant therapy-related adverse effects and postoperative complications were similar in both groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Apatinib plus doxorubicin and ifosfamide regimen is safe and effective as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with STS. However, the significantly improved preoperative ORR observed after neoadjuvant therapy did not translate into a significantly improved R0 rate and 2-year DFS. Prospective, well-powered studies are warranted to determine the long-term efficacy and optimal application of these protocols.
Introducing pre-impact air-cushioning effects into the Wagner model of impact theory
Authors: Moore Madeleine R.
Published: June 2021

In this analysis, we consider the effects of non-quiescent initial conditions driven by pre-impact air–water interactions on the classical Wagner model of impact theory. We consider the problem of a rigid, solid impactor moving vertically towards a liquid pool. Prior to impact, viscous forces in the air act to deform the liquid free surface, inducing a flow in the pool. These interactions are then incorporated as initial conditions in the post-impact analysis. We derive expressions for the size of the effective contact set, the leading-order pressure and force on the impactor, and the speed and thickness of the jet at its base. In all cases, we show that the effect of the pre-impact behaviour is to cushion the impactor, reducing the size of the effective contact set and, hence, the force on the impactor. Small- and large-time asymptotic solutions are derived for general power-law impactors, and we show that the effects of the air die away as the impact progresses, so that we approach the classical Wagner solution.
Voluntary redistribution mechanism in asymmetric coordination games
Authors: Aoyagi Masaki , Nishimura Naoko , Okano Yoshitaka
Published: June 2021

An inequality game is an asymmetric 2 × 2 coordination game in which player 1 earns a substantially higher payoff than player 2 except in the inefficient Nash equilibrium (NE). The two players may have either common or conflicting interests over the two NE. This paper studies a redistribution scheme which allows the players to voluntarily transfer their payoffs after the play of an inequality game. We find that the redistribution scheme induces positive transfer from player 1 to player 2 in both common- and conflicting- interest games, and is particularly effective in increasing efficient coordination and reducing coordination failures in conflicting-interest games. We explain these findings by considering reciprocity by player 1 in response to the sacrifice made by player 2 in achieving efficient coordination in conflicting-interest games.
Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions
Authors: Frontera F. , Virgilli E. , Guidorzi C. , Rosati P. , Diehl R. , Siegert T. , Fryer C. , Amati L. , Auricchio N. , Campana R. , Caroli E. , Fuschino F. , Labanti C. , Orlandini M. , Pian E. , Stephen J. B. , Del Sordo S. , Budtz-Jorgensen C. , Kuvvetli I. , Brandt S. , da Silva R. M. Curado , Laurent P. , Bozzo E. , Mazzali P. , Valle M. Della
Published: June 2021

Nuclear astrophysics, and particularly nuclear emission line diagnostics from a variety of cosmic sites, has remained one of the least developed fields in experimental astronomy, despite its central role in addressing a number of outstanding questions in modern astrophysics. Radioactive isotopes are co-produced with stable isotopes in the fusion reactions of nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions and other violent events, such as neutron star mergers. The origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line observed in the direction of the Galactic Center is a 50-year-long mystery. In fact, we still do not understand whether its diffuse large-scale emission is entirely due to a population of discrete sources, which are unresolved with current poor angular resolution instruments at these energies, or whether dark matter annihilation could contribute to it. From the results obtained in the pioneering decades of this experimentally-challenging window, it has become clear that some of the most pressing issues in high-energy astrophysics and astro-particle physics would greatly benefit from significant progress in the observational capabilities in the keV-to-MeV energy band. Current instrumentation is in fact not sensitive enough to detect radioactive and annihilation lines from a wide variety of phenomena in our and nearby galaxies, let alone study the spatial distribution of their emission. In this White Paper (WP), we discuss how unprecedented studies in this field will become possible with a new low-energy gamma-ray space experiment, called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics), which combines new imaging, spectroscopic and polarization capabilities. In a separate WP (Guidorzi et al. 39), we discuss how the same mission concept will enable new groundbreaking studies of the physics of Gamma–Ray Bursts and other high-energy transient phenomena over the next decades.
Analytical corrections for double-cantilever beam tests
Authors: Chen T. , Harvey C. M. , Wang S. , Silberschmidt V. V.
Published: June 2021

Double-cantilever beams (DCBs) are widely used to study mode-I fracture behavior and to measure mode-I fracture toughness under quasi-static loads. Recently, the authors have developed analytical solutions for DCBs under dynamic loads with consideration of structural vibration and wave propagation. There are two methods of beam-theory-based data reduction to determine the energy release rate: (i) using an effective built-in boundary condition at the crack tip, and (ii) employing an elastic foundation to model the uncracked interface of the DCB. In this letter, analytical corrections for a crack-tip rotation of DCBs under quasi-static and dynamic loads are presented, afforded by combining both these data-reduction methods and the authors’ recent analytical solutions for each. Convenient and easy-to-use analytical corrections for DCB tests are obtained, which avoid the complexity and difficulty of the elastic foundation approach, and the need for multiple experimental measurements of DCB compliance and crack length. The corrections are, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, completely new. Verification cases based on numerical simulation are presented to demonstrate the utility of the corrections.
Recalled Positive Influences within Life-Story Interviews and Self-Reported Generative Concern in German Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Extraversion
Authors: Busch Holger , Hofer Jan
Published: June 2021

Previous research has shown that recalling positive influences in one’s life story correlates with generative concern. Given findings that not everyone benefits from generative efforts uniformly, however, the present study tested if extraversion moderates this relation. In total, 147 older German adults (59 through 83 years) recalled positive influences in their lives in an interview session and provided self-report questionnaire data on their generative concern (Loyola Generativity Scale), generative behavior (Generative Behavior Checklist), and extraversion (Mini-IPIP scales). Results from a moderated mediation model indicate that recalled positive influences related to generative concern but not generative behavior. Moreover, extraversion did indeed moderate between recalled positive influences and generative concern in that the relation was significantly positive for medium and high extraversion. The findings suggest that what people learn from generative role models is generative concern rather than generative behavior. They also suggest a twofold role of extraversion for generativity: It has been found to be a predictor of generativity but also affects what people gain from others’ generative efforts.
Producing landscapes of environmental justice: exploitation of woodlands and wetlands and deep historical geographies of justice on Gotland
Authors: Mels Tom
Published: June 2021

Context

The importance of justice is increasingly recognized in environmental policy making. Research on environmental justice offers an important perspective on landscape transformations, both natural and social.

Objectives

This paper asks how current work on environmental justice might contribute to the development of socio-environmental knowledge of the biophysical landscape. The paper explores the relations between environmental justice thinking and the production of a distinctively capitalist landscape.

Methods

The paper builds on a review of environmental justice and landscape literature and, for the empirical part, on archival studies and secondary sources.

Results

The paper shows that there remains a disjunction between landscape studies and the environmental justice literature. It provides a theoretically informed approach of bringing together environmental justice scholarship with the transformations of a contested and distinctively capitalist landscape. By studying changes in woodlands and wetlands on the island of Gotland, Sweden, it uncovers a process of the production of landscape that elicits “deep” historical geographies of environmental justice. The massive exploitation of wetlands and forests shows how an approach encompassing environmental justice in conjunction with forms of resource exploitation and conservation can help grasp changes in the landscape.
Society as Cause and Cure: The Norms of Transgender Social Medicine
Authors: Slagstad Ketil
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes how trans health was negotiated on the margins of psychiatry from the late 1970s and early 1980s. In this period, a new model of medical transition was established for trans people in Norway. Psychiatrists and other medical doctors as well as psychologists and social workers with a special interest and training in social medicine created a new diagnostic and therapeutic regime in which the social aspects of transitioning took center stage. The article situates this regime in a long Norwegian tradition of social medicine, including the important political role of social medicine in the creation of the postwar welfare state and its scope of addressing and changing the societal structures involved in disease. By using archival material, medical records and oral history interviews with former patients and health professionals, I demonstrate how social aspects not only underpinned diagnostic evaluations but were an integral component of the entire therapeutic regime. Sex reassignment became an integrative way of imagining and practicing psychiatry as social medicine. The article specifically unpacks the social element of these diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in trans medicine. Because the locus of intervention and treatment remained the individual, an approach with subversive potential ended up reproducing the norms that caused illness in the first place: “the social” became a conformist tool to help the patient integrate, adjust to and transform the pathology-producing forces of society.
Necessity or opportunity? Government size, tax policy, corruption, and implications for entrepreneurship
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Belitski Maksim , Chowdhury Farzana , Desai Sameeksha
Published: June 2021

Government size, corruption, and tax policy can influence allocation towards necessity or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Using a comparative multi-source sample across 52 countries during 2005–2015, we apply a mixed-process estimation of the simultaneously unrelated system of equations and unpack these heterogeneous and complex effects. Interestingly, our results show that the influence of tax policy and corruption on necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship depends on government size. Our results hold for numerous robustness analyses.

Plain English summary

Institutions matter for the choice of opportunity and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Government size, the level of corruption, and tax policy directly affect entrepreneurs’ motivation and incentives. We study 52 countries during 2005–2015 to find out to what extent tax rate, corruption, and a range of government expenditure change the allocation of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. Our main implications are for (1) Research: Formal and informal institutions need to be considered when studying entrepreneurship allocation, particularly in an emerging and developing country context. Results suggest that the impact of the same institutional settings and informal institutions such as corruption on necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship is not uniform in size and scope and have different magnitude. The effect of government expenditure on necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship is not ubiquitous. (2) Management: The broader institutional context affects allocation of entrepreneurship, and potential entrepreneurs can consider how corruption in particular can affect them. (3) Policy: Policymakerscan measure the extent to which opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship are likely to change, when they make changes to tax policy, resources for public spending, and take anti-corruption measures.
Structurally Driven Environmental Degradation of Friction in MoS2 Films
Authors: Curry John F. , Ohta Taisuke , DelRio Frank W. , Mantos Philip , R. Jones Morgan , F. Babuska Tomas , Bobbitt N. Scott , Argibay Nicolas , A. Krick Brandon , Dugger Michael T. , Chandross Michael
Published: June 2021

We report an investigation of the friction mechanisms of MoS2 thin films under changing environments and contact conditions using a variety of computational and experimental techniques. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effects of water and molecular oxygen on friction and bonding of MoS2 lamellae during initial sliding. Characterization via photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) were used to determine work function changes in shear modified material within the top few nanometers of MoS2 wear scars. The work function was shown to change with contact conditions and environment, and shown by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and literature reports to be correlated with lamellae size and thickness of the basally oriented surface layer. Results from nanoscale simulations and macroscale experiments suggest that the evolution of the friction behavior of MoS2 is linked primarily to the formation or inhibition of a basally oriented, molecularly thin surface film with long-range order.
Factors promoting shared decision-making in renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease: systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Shi Yu , Li Wang , Duan Fangjian , Pu Shi , Peng Hongmei , Ha Mei , Luo Yu
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Shared decision-making (SDM) about the type of renal replacement therapy to use is a matter of great importance involving patients, their families, and health treatment teams. This review aims to synthesize the volume of qualitative work explaining the factors influencing SDM regarding renal replacement therapy.

Methods

A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis approach recommended by JBI was used, six databases were searched. Studies were qualitative or mixed research published since 2000, with a primary focus on patient experiences, perceptions and practices regarding which method to choose for renal replacement therapy in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients. All themes were analyzed and compared to the established connectedness.

Results

A total of 1313 patients were enrolled in 32 studies focusing on factors associated with SDM regarding renal replacement therapy were included. All quality evaluations of the literature were medium to high. Four common themes were identified in our synthesis: (1) patient personal reasons, (2) family-related factors, (3) health care professional-related factors, and (4) social factors influence.

Conclusion

The model proposes pathways that could be explored further in future qualitative and quantitative studies and suggests that patients’ beliefs, emotions, and awareness should be targeted alongside patients’ decision-making practices to increase the efficacy of interventions. The majority of studies included in this review focus on older patients, and all report patients’ perspectives. Further research is required to understand the family member perspectives on SMD of renal replacement therapy.
Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season
Authors: Korsun Neli , Trifonova Ivelina , Voleva Silvia , Grigorova Iliyana , Angelova Svetla
Published: June 2021

Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The objectives of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The HA genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14–17 substitutions in HA, as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in NA, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the HA antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7–11 substitutions in HA, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6–9 changes at positions in NA. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in HA1 (genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in HA and NA, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance.
Correction to: Energy costs vs. carbon dioxide emissions in short-term production planning
Authors: Dellnitz Andreas , Braschczok Damian , Ostmeyer Jonas , Hilbert Markus , Kleine Andreas
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-021-01051-y
Kontingente Bauchgefühle
Authors: Rund Mario
Published: June 2021

Praktiken des Entscheidens und Urteilens sind mit Subjektverhältnissen verknüpft. Für die Forschung sind daher für Subjektivierungsprozesse relevante Kontexte und Einflüsse zu fokussieren. Hinsichtlich der Sozialraumarbeit gehören hierzu bestimmte Anrufungen und Rationalitäten, die über verschiedene Programme mit Bezug zu Gemeinwesen, Sozialraum und Raum transportiert werden.
FluidFM for single-cell biophysics
Authors: Li Mi , Liu Lianqing , Zambelli Tomaso
Published: June 2021

Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM), which combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microchanneled cantilevers connected to a pressure controller, is a technique allowing the realization of force-sensitive nanopipette under aqueous conditions. FluidFM has unique advantages in simultaneous three-dimensional manipulations and mechanical measurements of biological specimens at the micro-/nanoscale. Over the past decade, FluidFM has shown its potential in biophysical assays particularly in the investigations at single-cell level, offering novel possibilities for discovering the underlying mechanisms guiding life activities. Here, we review the utilization of FluidFM to address biomechanical and biophysical issues in the life sciences. Firstly, the fundamentals of FluidFM are represented. Subsequently, the applications of FluidFM for biophysics at single-cell level are surveyed from several facets, including single-cell manipulations, single-cell force spectroscopy, and single-cell electrophysiology. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future progressions are provided.
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Cerebellum Enhances Sadness Recognition in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: a Pilot Study
Authors: Ruggiero Fabiana , Dini Michelangelo , Cortese Francesca , Vergari Maurizio , Nigro Martina , Poletti Barbara , Priori Alberto , Ferrucci Roberta
Published: June 2021

Emotional processing impairments, resulting in a difficulty to decode emotions from faces especially for negative emotions, are characteristic non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is limited evidence about the specific contribution of the cerebellum to the recognition of emotional contents in facial expressions even though patients with cerebellar dysfunction often lose this ability. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the recognition of facial expressions can be modulated by cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in PD patients. Nine PD patients were enrolled and received anodal and sham tDCS (2 mA, 20 min), for 5 consecutive days, in two separate cycles at intervals of at least 1 month. The facial emotion recognition task was administered at baseline (T0) and after cerebellar tDCS on day 5 (T1). Our preliminary study showed that anodal cerebellar tDCS significantly enhanced emotional recognition in response to sad facial expressions by about 16%, but left recognition of anger, happiness, and neutral facial expressions unchanged. Despite the small sample size, our preliminary results show that anodal tDCS applied for five consecutive days over the cerebellum modulates the way PD patients recognize specific facial expressions, thus suggesting that the cerebellum plays a crucial role in recognition of negative emotions and corroborating previous knowledge on the link between social cognition and the cerebellum.
Jugend und Sport – zur Geschichte einer symbiotischen Beziehung von der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert bis ins nationalsozialistische Deutschland
Authors: Krüger Michael
Published: June 2021

Das 20. Jahrhundert war nicht nur das Jahrhundert des Sports und der Spiele, sondern auch das der Jugend. Jugend und Sport bilden eine symbiotische Beziehung. Dies gilt besonders für das erste Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts. Es begann mit der großen Hoffnung, dass der Jugend die Zukunft gehöre, wie es auch in der olympischen Idee zum Ausdruck kommt, die 1896 erstmals realisiert wurde. Sport und Spiel waren ein Bereich des Lebens und Handelns der Jugend und ihres Gefühls, stark und optimistisch den Weg in eine bessere Zukunft zu weisen. Aber dieser Traum verblasste schnell, spätestens als die europäische Jugend zu den Schlachtfeldern des Ersten Weltkriegs marschierte, statt auf den Spielplätzen und in den Stadien Sport zu treiben.

In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Hauptrichtungen der Beziehung von Jugend und Sport in Deutschland im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts betrachtet: Erstens die sogenannte deutsche Jugendbewegung. Sie umfasst sowohl Reformen der Leibeserziehung und des Schulsports „von oben“ als auch Ideen und Konzepte der Bildung und Erziehung „von unten“, ausgehend von der jungen Generation selbst. Zweitens die Sportbewegung, wie sie von der Jugend inspiriert wurde.

Heute scheint sich, nicht zuletzt in Zeiten von Corona, die Hoffnung in die Jugend in die Angst einer ganzen Generation vor Niedergang und Tod umgekehrt zu haben.
Autonomous recommender system architecture for virtual learning environments
Authors: Monsalve-Pulido Julián , Aguilar Jose , Montoya Edwin , Salazar Camilo
Published: June 2021

This article proposes an architecture of an intelligent and autonomous recommendation system to be applied to any virtual learning environment, with the objective of efficiently recommending digital resources. The paper presents the architectural details of the intelligent and autonomous dimensions of the recommendation system. The paper describes a hybrid recommendation model that orchestrates and manages the available information and the specific recommendation needs, in order to determine the recommendation algorithms to be used. The hybrid model allows the integration of the approaches based on collaborative filter, content or knowledge. In the architecture, information is extracted from four sources: the context, the students, the course and the digital resources, identifying variables, such as individual learning styles, socioeconomic information, connection characteristics, location, etc. Tests were carried out for the creation of an academic course, in order to analyse the intelligent and autonomous capabilities of the architecture.
Song of the Bison
Authors: Booth Frederick J.
Published: June 2021

In 1521, the young Polish diplomat Nicolaus Hussovianus was watching the bullfights at a papal celebration in Rome. He remarked that the spectacle reminded him of the bison hunts he had witnessed as a young man in the Polish-Lithuanian woods, and his employer then asked Hussovianus to write a poem about the bison hunts, to accompany the gift of a stuffed bison for Pope Leo X, an avid hunter. Song of the Bison is the first complete English translation of Hussovianus’s Latin poem, which is claimed as a national epic by Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland. The exciting poem discusses not only Hussovianus’s own experience in hunting and observing the European bison, but also the political, social, religious, and aesthetic developments of sixteenth-century Europe, and ends with an urgent plea for unity among European states threatened by foreign invasions.
Situating the Andean Colonial Experience
Authors: Arnold Denise Y.
Published: June 2021

Re-situating Andean colonial history from the perspective of the local historians of ayllu Qaqachaka, in highland Bolivia, this book draws on regional oral history combined with local and public written archives. Rejecting the binary models in vogue in colonial and postcolonial studies (indigenous/non-indigenous, Andean/Western, conquered/conquering), it explores the complex intercalation of legal pluralism and local history in the negotiations around Spanish demands, resulting in the so-called "Andean pact. The Qaqachaka's point of reference was the preceding Inka occupation, so in fulfilling Spanish demands they sought cultural continuity with this recent past. Spanish colonial administration, with its roots in Roman-Germanic and Islamic law, infiltrated many practices into the newly-conquered territories. Two major cycles of ayllu tales trace local responses to these colonial demands, in the practices for establishing settlements, and the feeding and dressing of the Catholic saints inside the new church, with their forebears in the Inka mummies.
Viewpoint: Everyone a librarian!?
Authors: Drucker Johanna
Published: June 2021

Some years ago, in a moment of transition in leadership for a major special collections library, I was part of an advisory group where the prevailing opinion was that a faculty member with passionate interests in the research focus of the institution could successfully occupy the position of head librarian. We did not need someone with an MLIS degree, a PhD in a field related to the collections areas would do fine.
The UN Guiding Principles’ Orbit and Other Regulatory Regimes in the Business and Human Rights Universe: Managing the Interface
Authors: DEVA Surya
Published: June 2021

What should be the interface of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) with other regulatory regimes in the business and human rights (BHR) universe? This article explores this issue in relation to two specific contexts. First, the interface of ‘social norm’ with evolving ‘legal norms’: relation of Pillar II of the UNGPs and mandatory human rights due diligence (HRDD) laws as well as parent companies’ direct duty of care for negligence. Second, the interface of ‘soft norms’ and evolving ‘hard norms’: how the UNGPs should inform the proposed BHR treaty. It is argued that legal norms should align with Pillar II only in a ‘loose manner’. They should draw from and build on the HRDD concept under Pillar II, but not be constrained by it, because a hard alignment of Pillar I laws with Pillar II could undercut the independent but complementary status of the two pillars. Moreover, the UNGPs should serve only as a ‘starting point’ and not the ‘end point’ in the evolution of other hard or soft norms in the future. Such an approach would be desirable because the UNGPs alone are unlikely to be enough to challenge or confront the existing structure of irresponsibility and inequality.
The South African Experience: Litigating Remedies
Authors: ABRAHAMS Charles
Published: June 2021

Many transnational corporations (TNCs) that conducted business in South Africa during apartheid had deemed it profitable and desirable, despite the country’s systemic human rights violations against its majority black population. In the aftermath of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre and 1976 student uprising, various United Nations and other international resolutions condemned TNCs for their incestuous relationship with apartheid South Africa and called for international sanctions against the regime. The demise of apartheid in 1994 brought about a new democratic, constitutional dispensation based on respect for human rights. However, attempts at holding TNCs liable for aiding and abetting the apartheid regime were fraught with obstacles and proved unsuccessful. Yet, the pursuit of strategic, class action litigation in areas as diverse as collusive conduct in bread manufacturing to occupational lung disease in South Africa’s goldmining industry have proven to be more successful in developing legal remedies against corporate harm. Areas impacted are extended legal standing under the common law, development of new causes of action and generous application of contingence fees arrangement.
Rise of Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence: A Beacon of Hope or a Double-Edged Sword?
Authors: QUIJANO Gabriela , LOPEZ Carlos
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the evolution, current trends, limitations and controversies around the understanding and practice of human rights due diligence (HRDD), a concept developed in the course of the work of United Nations (UN)-mandate holder, John Ruggie, and enshrined in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. While the concept has gathered broad acceptance and a growing number of legislative proposals are seeking to entrench it in law, significant differences of opinion exist among stakeholders as to its nature, objectives and relationship, if any, with legal liability. These differing understandings are at play in a contest to shape future legislation. Some of these carry significant risks for rights-holders, notably the risk of outcome being superseded by process and superficial, compliance-oriented HRDD prevailing in the law or in its interpretation and practice. As legislative efforts continue, the authors warn against the risk of hollow laws which do little to change the status quo or, even worse, inadvertently provide a tool to further impunity for business-related human rights abuses.
Self-adjoint extensions of bipartite Hamiltonians
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Weinmann Timon , Wirth Melchior
Published: June 2021

We compute the deficiency spaces of operators of the form $H_A{\hat {\otimes }} I + I{\hat {\otimes }} H_B$, for symmetric $H_A$ and self-adjoint $H_B$. This enables us to construct self-adjoint extensions (if they exist) by means of von Neumann's theory. The structure of the deficiency spaces for this case was asserted already in Ibort et al. [Boundary dynamics driven entanglement, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.47(38) (2014) 385301], but only proven under the restriction of $H_B$ having discrete, non-degenerate spectrum.
Regulatory Imperatives for Renewable Energy: South African Perspectives
Authors: Murombo Tumai
Published: June 2021

Access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy is a pre-condition for sustainable economic development. This is the case in South Africa, where the workforce and entrenched fossil fuel industry remain sceptical about a transition to renewable energy. This article explores the complexity of energy regulation in countries with a deep-seated economic dependency on fossil fuels. South Africa presents a good case study of the challenge of balancing the environmental, social and economic imperatives of energy. It unpacks the drivers behind directed regulation towards renewable electricity. A painful, but necessary, “just transition” to a low-carbon economy requires laws to phase-out fossil fuels, without exposing public funds to private profit seekers. The South African experience of renewable electricity demonstrates the challenges of regulatory uncertainty. Careful legal reforms are necessary to rid existing electricity laws of their inertia and achieve a low-carbon economy while ensuring access to affordable, reliable and environmentally sustainable energy.