bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the inhaler adherence questionnaire
Authors: Toelle Brett G. , Marks Guy B. , Dunn Stewart M.
Published: September 2020

Background

Although electronic monitoring is the “gold standard” for adherence monitoring, the range of inhaler devices on the market exceeds the availability of appropriate monitoring devices. Simple tools, applicable across a range of inhalers, are needed to assess patients’ adherence to prescribed inhaled medication. This study reports on the validation of an Inhaler Adherence Questionnaire (IAQ).

Methods

Seventy-four adults who self-reported doctor diagnosed asthma and who were prescribed daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for asthma contributed data for these analyses. These participants were part of a larger study, investigating factors associated with non-adherence to prescribed daily inhaled corticosteroid medication. Participants were informed the research was investigating asthma management without explicit mention that medication adherence was being monitored. Inhaled corticosteroid medication adherence was measured in two ways. Firstly, participants completed the 6-item IAQ at enrolment. Secondly, ICS via pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) use was monitored electronically using the DoserCT which recorded daily use over 6 weeks. During the 6 weeks of prospective medication monitoring via the DoserCT we did not have contact with participants so that the adherence measure would reflect usual self-management behaviour.

Results

Two of the six questions in the IAQ had poor face validity and their exclusion from the questionnaire resulted in improved internal consistency. Mean days adherent were 37.1, 29.2 and 33.2% for subjects with IAQ scores of 0, 1 and 2 respectively. Higher IAQ scores of 3 and 4 were associated with greater mean days adherent of 73.7 and 67.4% respectively. A cut-point of 2 or less had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 80% for detecting non-adherence. The area under the ROC curve was 0.764 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The modified 4-item IAQ is simple, quick to complete and useful for measuring adherence with prescribed daily inhaled medication. This validation of the IAQ provides evidence for its utility in research and it will be important to validate this simple, inexpensive tool for use in clinical practice.
Untangling the origin and function of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in neurodegenerative proteinopathies
Authors: Wiersma Vera I. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Scheper Wiep
Published: September 2020

In the brains of tauopathy patients, tau pathology coincides with the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) both at the regional and cellular level. Recently, it was shown that intracellular tau pathology causes GVB formation in experimental models thus explaining the strong correlation between these neuropathological hallmarks in the human brain. These novel models of GVB formation provide opportunities for future research into GVB biology, but also urge reevaluation of previous post-mortem observations. Here, we review neuropathological data on GVBs in tauopathies and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies. We discuss the possibility that intracellular aggregates composed of proteins other than tau are also able to induce GVB formation. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of GVB formation and the downstream functional implications hereof are outlined in view of the current available data. In addition, we provide guidelines for the identification of GVBs in tissue and cell models that will help to facilitate and streamline research towards the elucidation of the role of these enigmatic and understudied structures in neurodegeneration.
Impact of rail transit station proximity to commercial property prices: utilizing big data in urban real estate
Authors: Berawi Mohammed Ali , Miraj Perdana , Saroji Gunawan , Sari Mustika
Published: September 2020

Urban transport investments have contributed to the exponential increase of value from land and properties around the built infrastructure. Although literature had shown evidence of value uplift from the residential property due to transit development, little is known about the impact on commercial property values. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of rail transit proximity to the commercial property market by taking into account the pre-operation of the LRT project in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study utilizes a big data approach to accelerate research data processing by employing data mining method, as well as geographical information system (GIS) and hedonic price modeling (HPM) to investigate the property prices to formulate empirical evidence for the research. The results show opposite evidence compared to previous studies which argued that accessibility may contribute to the property price when closer to the transit station. The findings indicate that proximity to rail transit has an insignificant impact on the commercial property price compared to other variables such as building size, number of rooms, location, and hospitals. A comparison of the findings between this research with other studies was discussed and recommendation for further research development was proposed.
Large-scale forecasting of information spreading
Authors: Severiukhina Oksana , Kesarev Sergey , Bochenina Klavdiya , Boukhanovsky Alexander , Lees Michael H. , Sloot Peter M. A.
Published: September 2020

This research proposes a system based on a combination of various components for parallel modelling and forecasting the processes in networks with data assimilation from the real network. The main novelty of this work consists of the assimilation of data for forecasting the processes in social networks which allows improving the quality of the forecast. The social network VK was considered as a source of information for determining types of entities and the parameters of the model. The main component is the model based on a combination of internal sub-models for more realistic reproduction of processes on micro (for single information message) and meso (for series of messages) levels. Moreover, the results of the forecast must not lose their relevance during the calculations. In order to get the result of the forecast for networks with millions of nodes in reasonable time, the process of simulation has been parallelized. The accuracy of the forecast is estimated by MAPE, MAE metrics for micro-scale, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov criterion for aggregated dynamics. The quality in the operational regime is also estimated by the number of batches with assimilated data to achieve the required accuracy and the ratio of calculation time in the frames of the forecasting period. In addition, the results include experimental studies of functional characteristics, scalability, as well as the performance of the system.
Inventory management performance for laboratory commodities in public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Befekadu Abdi , Cheneke Waqtola , Kebebe Dereje , Gudeta Tadesse
Published: September 2020

Background

Maintaining an efficient and effective inventory management system ensures a reliable supply of laboratory commodities. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the performance of inventory management for laboratory commodities in public hospitals in the Jimma zone.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study, accompanied by a qualitative method, was conducted in seven public hospitals between April 30 and May 29, 2019. We collected data through document reviews (225 bin-cards), physical observation, self-administered questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using Excel spreadsheets and SPSS version 24. Fifteen key informants of different backgrounds took part in the qualitative study. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.

Results

All the public hospitals in the zone were included in the study, making a response rate of 100%. Of the total estimated bin-cards, 225 (69.9%) of them held along with the items, and only 30.4% of them filled accurately. In four of the hospitals, pharmacists determined how much to order. Five of the hospitals used average monthly consumption data to calculate purchase quantity. Over the past 6 months, four of the hospitals had placed at least one or two emergency orders. The wastage rate of the commodities in the hospitals was 27.2% and resulted in a loss of about 10,248.5 US dollars. The hospitals had met 70.6% of the criteria for proper storage conditions. Budget constraints, absence of prompt administrative support, lack of staff commitment, and frequent shortages of commodities on the part of suppliers were major bottlenecks of inventory management.

Conclusions

The hospitals had weak inventory management practices, showed by inaccurate records, stock-outs (frequent emergency orders), a high wastage rate compared to national baseline statistics, and the storage conditions below the standard.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as therapy for cartilage, tendon and muscle damage – German working group position statement
Authors: Tischer T. , Bode G. , Buhs M. , Marquass B. , Nehrer S. , Vogt S. , Zinser W. , Angele P. , Spahn G. , Welsch G. H. , Niemeyer P. , Madry H.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in orthopaedics, but is still heavily debated. Therefore, a survey among the German “Working Group for Clinical Tissue Regeneration” of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology was conducted to achieve a consensus about the current therapeutical potential of PRP.

Methods

A first survey (n = 65 experts, all orthopaedic/trauma surgeons) was conducted (n = 13 questions). Following, a second round (n = 40 experts) was conducted with 31 questions to achieve consensus in 5 categories: three most common indications, PRP application, future research areas.

Results

Therapeutic PRP application was regarded as useful (89%), possibly even more important in the future (90%). Most common indications were tendon pathologies (77%), osteoarthritis (OA) (68%), muscle injuries (57%) and cartilage damage (51%). Consensus was reached in 16/31 statements. The application of PRP for early knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II) was regarded as potentially useful, as well as for acute and chronic tendinopathies. For chronic lesions (cartilage, tendons), multiple injections (2–4) were seen preferable to singular injections. However, no sufficient data exists on the time interval between the injections. Standardization of PRP preparation, application, frequency, as well as determining the range of indication is strongly recommended.

Conclusions

There is a need of further standardization of the PRP preparation methods, indication and application protocols for knee OA and other indications, which must be further evaluated in basic science studies and randomized controlled clinical trials.

Level of evidence

Consensus of expert opinion, Level V.
From a PMT-based to a SiPM-based PET system: a study to define matched acquisition/reconstruction parameters and NEMA performance of the Biograph Vision 450
Authors: Carlier Thomas , Ferrer Ludovic , Conti Maurizio , Bodet-Milin Caroline , Rousseau Caroline , Bercier Yanic , Bendriem Bernard , Kraeber-Bodéré Françoise
Published: September 2020

Background

The purpose of this work was to propose an approach based on noise measurement to adapt present clinical acquisition and reconstruction parameters adapted to a PMT-based system (Biograph mCT) to a SiPM-based system (Biograph Vision 450) sharing identical geometrical properties. The NEMA performance (NEMA) of the recently released Biograph Vision 450 PET/CT (Vision) was also derived.

Methods

All measurements were conducted on Vision and Biograph mCT with TrueV (mCT). A full NEMA-based performance was derived for Vision only. The adaptation of acquisition and reconstruction parameters from mCT to Vision was done using the NEMA image quality phantom. The noise level reached using mCT was set as the reference value for six different numbers of net true coincidences. The noise level computed using Vision was matched to the reference noise level (within 0.01%) using a different reconstruction set-up to determine the potential reduction of count numbers for the same noise level.

Results

Vision sensitivity was 9.1 kcps/MBq for a timing resolution of 213 ps at 5.3 kBq/mL. The NEMA-based CR for the 10-mm sphere was better than 75% regardless the reconstruction set-up studied. The mCT reference noise properties could be achieved using Vision with a scan time reduction (STR) of 1.34 with four iterations and a 440 × 440 matrix size (or STR = 1.89 with a 220 × 220 matrix size) together with a 3D CR improvement of 53% for the 10-mm sphere (24% using 220 × 220).

Conclusion

The Vision exhibited improved NEMA performances compared to mCT. Using the proposed approach, the time acquisition could be divided by almost two, while keeping the same noise properties as that of mCT with a marked improvement of contrast recovery.
Estimation of liquefaction potential in Eco-Delta City (Busan) using different approaches with effect of fines content
Authors: Bahari Bahareh , Hwang Woongki , Kim Tae-Hyung , Song Young-Suk
Published: September 2020

Soil liquefaction which is a disastrous phenomenon induced by the earthquake, is widely investigated in many researches in geotechnical engineering. In this study, a SPT-N based investigation is carried out to assess the susceptibility of liquefaction in Eco-Delta city, located in the southwestern part of Busan city in South Korea. Data from 229 sites are analyzed for the earthquake of 7.5 magnitude with a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.2 g to carry out the liquefaction potential index (LPI) through two deterministic methods which have different factors of safety (FS). The liquefaction probability is investigated by the deterministic and reliability methods and the liquefaction hazard maps are generated. To observe the effect of fines content and plasticity index on the liquefaction susceptibility, three different cases are considered. It is found that among the four approaches used, Overseas Coastal Area Development Institute of Japan (OCDI) method showed more sensitivity to changes of fines content and plasticity index. The Eco-Delta city is found to be highly vulnerable to liquefaction having 91% of sites with LPI values greater than 15.
Timely mental health services contribute to the containment of COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wu Kankan , Wang Weidan
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe public health crisis in the 21st century. The pandemic not only posed great challenges to people's physical health but also induced wide-ranging impacts on mental health of infected and suspected patients, frontline healthcare workers, and the general public whose normal life was disrupted by the pandemic. In this commentary, we outline the initiatives and coordinated efforts on providing timely mental health services after the pandemic outbreak in China, including understanding the mental health impact of COVID-19, prioritizing and coordinating mental health services along with medical services in the efforts to contain the pandemic, initiating and implementing specific measures to improve mental wellbeing of frontline healthcare workers, and increasing the accessibility of mental health services to the general public. Theses services, along with other coordinated efforts, contribute to the containment of COVID-19 pandemic in China and could be valuable for other countries to take proactive measures to mitigate the mental health impacts of the pandemic now and in the future.
Wheat blast: a new threat to food security
Authors: Islam M. Tofazzal , Gupta Dipali Rani , Hossain Akbar , Roy Krishna K. , He Xinyao , Kabir Muhammad R. , Singh Pawan K. , Khan Md. Arifur Rahman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Wang Guo-Liang
Published: September 2020

Wheat blast, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) lineage (synonym Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage), is a destructive disease in South America and Bangladesh. It is primarily a disease of wheat head, which can cause yield loss up to 100% under favorable disease conditions. The head infection results in complete or partial bleaching of the spike above the point of infection with either no grain or shriveled grain with low test weight. Due to low fungicide efficacy against the disease and lack of availability of resistant varieties, an integrated management program should be adopted to control this serious wheat disease. First of all, a convenient and specific diagnostic tool is needed for evaluating seed health and early detection in wheat field to initiate timely mitigation measures and thereby decreasing pathogen initial inoculum and dispersal. Second, we should have a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease and develop a real-time disease monitoring and surveillance system to alert growers to apply management practices at an optimum time. Third, we need a better understanding of the infection biology of the fungus and its interaction with wheat plants at the tissue and molecular levels helpful for improving disease management. Fourth, breeding for resistance to wheat blast can be accelerated by using resistance genes such as 2NS translocation, Rmg8 and RmgGR119 or advanced genomic technology such as CRISPR-Cas. Fifth, integration of alternative disease management practices, such as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms or derivatives thereof to achieve sustainable approach for the management of wheat blast. Finally, a globally concerted effort is needed using open science and open data sharing approaches to prevent this seed- and air-borne plant disease’s widespread devastation of wheat crop. This comprehensive review updates our knowledge on wheat blast disease and discusses the approaches for its sustainable management for ensuring food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing global population.
Will organic sake intoxicate consumers? Procurements of rice as bottlenecks and comparative procurement strategies by four brewers in Japan
Authors: Miyake Yoshitaka , Kohsaka Ryo
Published: September 2020

This study reviews the status of current organic sake and procurement strategies of organic rice by four brewers in Japan. Despite overall declining trends in shrinking domestic markets, sake categorized in the premium segment has been increasing in trading volumes and indicated resilience in prices.

This study first reviewed and analyzed the overall status of sake, trends in premium segment, and challenges for organic sake. Unlike wine, organic sake occupies a minor position in the segment. This was followed by the comparative analysis of procurement strategies of organic rice for four sake breweries in Japan. The strategies were contrasting; three breweries indicated strong “local” bonding while one procured organic rice outside of the region, resulting in different product strategies. At its initiation, all four breweries showed the interests in local agriculture and gained rice locally. Then, availability and affordable price became a bottleneck. Implications of these challenges are further analyzed from exporting perspectives as well.
Identification of serum biomarker panel to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules using multiplex bead assay
Authors: Ramadan Ragaa Abdelkader , Ragab Wafaa , Assaad Ramy Samir , Shaaban Ahmed Elsayed , Fayad Amira Ibrahim
Published: September 2020

Background

The challenging target in the workup of thyroid nodule(s) is to exclude or diagnose thyroid cancer efficiently prior to surgical intervention. The present work studied a panel of eight serum biomarkers to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules, aiming at reducing unnecessary thyroidectomy performed for inconclusive preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology.

Serum interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-8 (IL-8), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), angiopietin (Ang1), nonokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), galectin (Gal-3), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDRP) were quantified by multiplex bead assay using Luminex xMAP technology. The study was conducted on 60 subjects of three groups (20 each; healthy controls, benign thyroid nodule, and malignant thyroid nodule).

Results

Significant increase of the following biomarkers in the malignant group compared to the benign group was found; IL-8: 29.7 vs 8.75 pg/ml,p< 0.001, EGF: 128.7 vs 6.72 pg/ml,p< 0.001, HGF: 173.2 vs 112.2 pg/ml,p= 0.012, MIG: 776.7 vs 438 pg/ml,p= 0.023, and Ang-1: 95016 vs 33327.5 pg/ml,p= 0.014. No significant differences were detected for IL-5, Gal-3, and VDBP. Serum IL-8 and EGF showed the highest diagnostic performance individually with area under the curve (AUC) 0.849 and 0.848, respectively. The combined biomarker panels of IL-8 and EGF and IL-8, EGF, and MIG have reached a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 65%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 92.9%.

Conclusions

Serum IL-8 and EGF individually or the combined biomarker panel of IL-8, EGF, and MIG are promising tests that can help to exclude malignancy in thyroid nodule workup.
Novel approaches for determination of antiretroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitor agent in commercial dosage forms by using spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometric, and HPLC methods
Authors: Tiris Gizem , Çiloğlu Emine , Erk Nevin
Published: September 2020

Background

Rapid, simple, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometric, and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed and validated for determination of tenofovir in pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrofluorimetric method is based on measuring the native fluorescence intensity of tenofovir at 375.0 nm after excitation at 275.0 nm. Calibration graphics were plotted and were found linear over 4.72–15.75 μg/mL concentration range (r2 = 0.9994). The second method developed was the first derivative spectrophotometric method for the analysis of tenofovir performed by measuring the amplitude at 251.7 and 272.6 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range 10.0–28.0 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9998). On the other hand, HPLC with a diode array detector (DAD). Ritonavir was used as internal standard (IS). HPLC analysis was carried out on a C18 column (Wakosil-II 5 C18 AR, 4.6 × 250 mm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.5% formic acid (99.5:0.5; v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Injection volume was 5.0 μL. DAD signals at 260.0 nm were used. HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 10.0–100.0 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9990).

Result

Intra- and inter-day analysis and recovery studies were carried out to investigate precision and accuracy of the proposed spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC methods.

Conclusion

We successfully applied the developed methods for determination of tenofovir in tablet formulation. Finally, the proposed methods were compared statistically.
Determinants of survival of the bovine blastocyst to cryopreservation stress: treatment with colony stimulating factor 2 during the morula-to-blastocyst transition and embryo sex
Authors: Sosa Froylan , Block Jeremy , Xiao Yao , Hansen Peter J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) is an important maternal regulator of embryonic development. Earlier research indicates that CSF2 can regulate genes involved in cellular stress responses and block apoptosis. Here, we tested whether addition of 10 ng/mL CSF2 at day 5 of development would increase the survival of blastocysts harvested at day 7 and subjected to vitrification. Additional objectives were to determine whether embryo sex affected survival or whether effects of CSF2 interacted with sex.

Results

Survival after vitrification was measured as the percent of warmed blastocysts that re-established a blastocoele after culture and that underwent hatching from the zona pellucida. In the first experiment, blastocysts were vitrified, warmed, cultured for 24 h, and DNA embryo sexing performed by PCR. There was no effect of CSF2, sex, or the interaction on the percent of blastocysts that re-expanded or that were hatching or hatched. In the second experiment, vitrified blastocysts were warmed and cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h. Treatment with CSF2 increased (P = 0.021) the percent of blastocysts that re-expanded as compared to the vehicle group (overall, 77.8 ± 4.7% vs 73.3 ± 4.7%). Percent re-expansion was highest at 24 h and declined slightly thereafter (P = 0.024). Although the interaction was not significant, the effect of CSF2 was greater at 48 and 72 h than at 24 h because CSF2 reduced the incidence of embryos collapsing after re-expansion. Furthermore, the proportion of re-expanded blastocysts at 24 h that experienced blastocoel collapse by 72 h was lower (P = 0.053) for CSF2 (3.6%; 7/195) than for vehicle (8.2%; 16/195). The percent of warmed blastocysts that were hatching or hatched increased with time (P < 0.0001) but there was no effect of CSF2 or the interaction with time on hatching.

Conclusion

Treatment with CSF2 from day 5 to 7 of development did not cause a significant effect on the percent of blastocysts that re-established the blastocoele after 24 h of culture but CSF2 reduced the collapse of the blastocoele that occurred for a portion of the embryos that had experienced re-expansion at 24 h. Thus, CSF2 can provide protection to a proportion of blastocysts from cryodamage caused by vitrification. Further work is needed to evaluate whether CSF2 increases survival of vitrified blastocysts after embryo transfer.
Mental and behavioural disorders and COVID-19-associated death in older people
Authors: Boland Billy , Gale Tim
Published: September 2020

Health factors such as diabetes, severe obesity and chronic kidney disease are all associated with a more severe outcome following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, there has been little exploration into the impact of mental and behavioural disorders on outcomes associated with COVID-19. We investigated outcomes for older people who used mental health services. Those who had a COVID-19-associated death had previously rated worse across a range of health and social problems, including mental health related problems. Our findings evidence the need to urgently explore whether mental and behavioural disorders should also be considered a health risk factor for a more severe outcome from COVID-19 infection in older people.
Wigner's friend, Feynman's paths and material records
Authors: Matzkin A. , Sokolovski D.
Published: September 2020

The place and role of an Observer in quantum mechanics has been a subject of an ongoing debate since the theory's inception. Wigner brought this question to the fore in a celebrated scenario in which a super-Observer observes a Friend making a measurement. Here we briefly review why this “Wigner Friend scenario” has been taken to require the introduction of the Observer's consciousness, or alternatively to show the inconsistency of quantum measurement theory. We will argue that quantum theory can consistently leave observers outside its narrative, by making only minimal assumptions about how the information about the observed results is stored in material records.
Introduction
Authors: Duarte Pedro Garcia , Giraud Yann
Published: September 2020

Economists such as Alvin Roth and Esther Duflo have recently argued that economics in the late twentieth century has evolved from (social) science to engineering. On the other hand, historians such as Mary Morgan and Michel Armatte have argued that the transformation of economics into an engineering science has been a century-long development. Turning away from the “economics as engineering” analogy, our introduction suggests an alternative approach to account for the presumed transformation of economics into an engineering science. We encourage the development of a history of “economics and engineering,” which depicts how these two types of knowledge–and the communities who produce them–have interacted in various institutional and national contexts. Drawing on the contributions to this 2020 annual supplement of HOPE, we show how these narratives may help change the historiography of twentieth-century economics.
A longa conjuntura crítica brasileira desde 2013: crise e castigo
Authors: Fernandes Antônio Sérgio Araújo , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho , Palmeira Jamili da Silva
Published: September 2020

O trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar a conjuntura crítica que envolve o Brasil desde 2013 com as manifestações de rua, passando pela eleição de 2014, a Operação Lava jato, o impeachment de Dilma, e que culmina com a eleição de Bolsonaro. Os elementos dessa conjuntura relacionam-se, mais do que a uma disputa entre direita e esquerda, a um modo de vida caracterizado e centrado nas redes sociais, em que a política e a vida social foram entronizadas. Neste sentido, a ideia de condenação da política e das instituições como elementos garantidores da liberdade de expressão e do Estado democrático de direito confunde e desinforma todos.
Transparência ativa no Judiciário: um estudo dos portais eletrônicos dos Tribunais de Justiça
Authors: Leitão da Cruz Gustavo Juliano , Zuccolotto Robson
Published: September 2020

A transparência das ações governamentais é fundamental para o fortalecimento da conexão entre Estado e sociedade, entretanto estudos realizados nos poderes das três esferas de governo da federação brasileira revelam práticas formalísticas de transparência. Esse formalismo evidenciado e as características do Poder Judiciário, que afrontam a ampla divulgação de informações, instigaram nossa análise sobre como os Tribunais de Justiça estaduais cumprem as exigências de transparência previstas na legislação. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa demonstram que o Judiciário estadual não segue adequadamente as normas de transparência, o que indica um déficit democrático nesse poder.
INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA BREAST CANCER
Authors: Guseynov Arif
Published: September 2020

The lecture provides information for practitioners: oncologists and surgeons. mammologists, General practitioners on the problems of modern diagnosis and treatment of intra-flow breast papilloma. Modern diagnostic methods, advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail. Questions of differential diagnostics are presented, optimal tactics and treatment regimen, methods of prevention are proposed.
Fast Food Consumption Behaviour among College Students- A Case Study in Tinsukia
Authors: Dowarah Lipika Jyoti , Bhowmick Debyani Roy , Chakraborty Subhadeep
Published: September 2020

An adequate diet is one which meets in full all the nutritional needs of the person.”- ( Leonard A. Maynard, 1959). An adequate diet protects against many chronic no communicable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer (WHO report, 2020) and is also considered as an important element for building physical fitness and mental health of an individual. “But there have been small decline in the purchase of less healthy food products, which translated to a small reduction of total energy and sugar purchases taken home”. – (Nicholas Berger, et al, 2020). Recent studies conducted by different academicians and researchers consider that among all the stages of a person life, the stage of adolescent is considered as the stage of rapid growth of malnutrition. “Malnutrition in all its forms, including obesity, under nutrition, and other dietary risks, is the leading cause of poor health globally.”- (Boyd A Swinburn, et al, 2019) With rapid growth of urbanization and advancement of modern up to date technology the ways of living of many people has greatly changed. The effects of the changing lifestyles of the individuals have altered their food habit.

Fast food generally refers to the food that is quickly prepared within a short interval. Consumption of fast food has drastically increased in India. People, specifically the adolescents love to eat fried and roasted food. It has been observed from many studies that people prefer fast food for convenience (Hesamedin Askari Majabadi, et al, 2016), taste (B. Narayan & M. Prabhu, 2015) and also for social interaction (M. S. Anitharaj, 2018) and also to attain pleasure. But in spite of huge demand of fast food from larger section of people of the society, but consumption of too much of fast food may result into cardiac disease or obesity. Strict supervision of fast food companies is required. (Hesamedin Askari Majabadi, et al, 2016)
Evaluation of Diverse Barley Cultivars and Landraces for Contents of Four Multifunctional Biomolecules with Nutraceutical Potential
Authors: Derakhshani Zaynab , Malherbe Francois , Panozzo Joseph F , Bhave Mrinal
Published: September 2020

Barley is long-identified as a functional food due to its content of micronutrients, β-glucans and vitamins. However, there is scant literature on a number of other nutritionally important biomolecules in the barley grain. This study determined the contents of four biomolecules, each with multiple known human and/or other animal health benefits, in the grains of 27 commercial barley cultivars and 7 landraces of barley from diverse countries of origin. These included the antioxidants, comprised of various vitamin E isomers and polyphenols, the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) that protects cellular cytoplasm from osmotic shock, and the ‘plant stress hormone’ abscisic acid (ABA) which is endogenously expressed in humans and has multiple roles in physiology. All grains exhibited the presence of all biomolecules, suggesting they could potentially make some contribution to the health benefits of barley. The total vitamin E content varied between 19.20 - 54.56 μg/g DW, with α-tocotrienol being the major component (33.9 - 60.7%). The phenolics made up 3.21 - 9.73 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, exceeding the amounts in the two major cereals, rice and wheat. GB ranged between 0.41-1.40 mg/g DW. The total vitamin E contents and GB typically exceeded those in corn. ABA ranged as 8.50 - 235.46 ng/g dry weight (DW), with the highest inter-variety variability. The data confirm barley to be an excellent source of these nutraceuticals, generally better than other major cereals. Our results thus offer more detailed insights into the potential of barley as a functional food and suggests the need to investigate in depth the health effects of this grain as well as the contribution of genetic and environmental factors.
Dietary Diversity and Associated Health Status of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Jashore Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Lina Nazia Nawshad , Hasan Md. Tarek , Ferdaus Md. Jannatul , Dash Biplab Kumar , Ahmad Tanvir , Roy Rajib Kanti
Published: September 2020

Lack of adequate dietary diversity may contribute to the deterioration of health and nutritional status of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the dietary diversity and related health status of 110 newly diagnosed T2DM patients. The diabetes history of the subjects was collected from the hospital’s e-database. IDDS (individual dietary diversity score) was measured based on the FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) according to the FAO guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. BMI (body mass index), FBG (fasting blood glucose) level, 2h-PG (two-hour plasma glucose) level, serum creatinine level, and any signs of macro and microvascular diseases were recorded. The mean±SD of IDDS was moderate, 5.74±0.85. About half of the newly diagnosed diabetic patients consumed foods with high diversity. All respondents consumed starchy foods and about half of them did not consume any green leafy vegetables. Younger patients had a lower tendency to take high IDDS diets than the older. About half of individuals were overweight or obese. Higher IDDS and lower BMI, hypertension, serum creatinine, FBG, and 2-HPG were found among males than that of the females. Approximately 35% and 20% patients had microvascular and macrovascular complications respectively.The BMI and serum creatinine level of newly diagnosed diabetic patients were negatively affected by the IDDS. Dietary diversity and varied socio-demographic determinants were found to be related to the health status of diabetics.
A LEI DOS LUGARES VAGOS: O INSÓLITO E A NARRATIVA CRIMINAL PÓS-MODERNA EM FARGO
Authors: Sasse da Silva Pedro Puro
Published: September 2020

Já em 1941, Howard Haycraft, em Murder for Pleasure, obra pioneira na crítica à narrativa criminal, atestava as inúmeras tentativas frustradas de prever o esgotamento do gênero identificado como detective fiction. De lá para cá, não foram poucos os que tentaram decretar a morte do velho romance detetivesco, que sempre encontrou, nas frestas de um modelo engessado, formas novas para se reinventar. Mesmo se nos restringirmos unicamente às noções limitadas do gênero criminal que imperavam à época de Haycraft e, assim, olharmos apenas para a ficção centrada em detetives, encontraremos nas narrativas investigativas metafísicas uma vertente em plena sintonia com os motifs da literatura contemporânea, profundamente engajada com uma quebra das convenções do gênero. Proponho, dessa forma, uma ilustração das potências renovadoras do gênero criminal na vertente investigativa metafísica através de um exemplo drástico: a terceira temporada da série Fargo. Drástico porque tal obra reúne diversas condições que a tornariam um perfeito candidato a exemplo de exaustão do gênero: passada em uma cidade do interior em que um crime violento quebra a ordem social – um dos mais antigos enredos do gênero –, a série repete a fórmula do filme e a terceira temporada repete a fórmula das últimas duas. No entanto, através da exploração de temas e ferramentas como intertextualidade, metaficção e subversão de normas do gênero, a terceira temporada da série Fargo – composta, como todas as temporadas, por uma história independente das demais – surpreendentemente apresenta uma narrativa que reflete, questiona e revigora o gênero da narrativa criminal.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A TRAJETÓRIA ESTÉTICA DE JOÃO ANZANELLO CARRASCOZA E A FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES LITERÁRIOS
Authors: França Thyago Madeira
Published: September 2020

João Anzanello Carrascoza é um autor contemporâneo que apresenta um profundo comprometimento com uma linguagem sensível e sofisticada para narrar, por vezes, experiências marcantes e pungentes que atravessam a vida cotidiana do núcleo familiar, como a convivência entre pais e filhos, as descobertas, as dores e as perdas que interpelam esse cotidiano. A partir disso, proponho refletir sobre os caminhos de uma trajetória estética que perpassa as narrativas de Carrascoza, buscando demonstrar que há pontos de diálogo e convergência que perpassam várias narrativas do autor e que fazem emergir uma identidade estética carrascoziana. Busco ainda identificar as potencialidades didático-pedagógicas de tais textos em situações de formação de leitores literários no ambiente escolar, como forma de valorizar a escrita contemporânea de um autor que toca em questões que constituem a vida de todos, inclusive dos alunos-leitores inscritos em ambientes escolares que, em muitos casos, têm acesso ao texto literário por meio de práticas de escolarização equivocadas.
Concepções dos enfermeiros frente à utilização de protocolos de urgência psiquiátrica no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel
Authors: Silva Sisney Darcy Vaz da , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Medeiros Silvana Possani , Salgado Rúbia Gabriela Fernandes , Lourenção Luciano Garcia
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: conhecer as concepções do enfermeiro frente à utilização de protocolos de urgência psiquiátrica no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo exploratório, com enfermeiros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foram elencadas duas categorias: Protocolos de atendimento de urgência psiquiátrica e seu emprego no serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar; e Fatores que influenciam o atendimento de urgência e emergência psiquiátrica. Os protocolos se direcionam contra os preceitos da reforma psiquiátrica e colocam sua aplicabilidade como fator de interferência no manejo da pessoa em crise, dando continuidade à ação ideológica social da contenção física. Conclusão: o estudo mostrou o contexto da prática dos enfermeiros nas urgências psiquiátricas e evidenciou que os enfermeiros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência não estão devidamente instrumentalizados para atuarem nas urgências/emergências psiquiátricas.
Desenvolvimento de máscaras de tecido e celulose para resposta emergencial à pandemia provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Risi Lisandra Rodrigues , Oliveira Alexandre Barbosa de , Bernardes Margarida Maria Rocha , Ramos Raquel De Souza , Moutinho Elaine Cristina Valadares da Silva , Passos Aderson Campos
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: desenvolver um modelo de máscara de tecido, com aplicação do elemento filtrante em celulose, para fins de utilização como barreira física segura para aerossóis, como estratégia de resposta emergencial à pandemia provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método: pesquisa laboratorial realizada por meio de protótipos, testagens empíricas e análises e discussões junto a expertises. Resultados: a condução da pesquisa demonstrou que os aerossóis são retidos pela barreira física de celulose introduzida à estrutura das máscaras, o que motivou a segunda fase do estudo em unidade da Rede Brasileira de Laboratórios Analíticos de Saúde sobre a eficácia desses materiais. Conclusão: a confecção de máscaras de tecido é um fenômeno mundial importante e urgente frente à pandemia da COVID-19. Em função da crise de abastecimento e dos parâmetros ressaltados neste estudo, acredita-se que o uso desse equipamento possa ser estendido a setores não críticos de unidades de saúde, além da população em geral.
Supporting vegans through pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Barlow Jo
Published: September 2020

This article gathers the current knowledge base around veganism and plant-based diets in pregnancy and infant feeding, to explore how midwives can better support the increasing numbers of women and families who are embracing a plant-based lifestyle. People who identify as vegan are becoming increasingly common. There has also been an increase in ‘flexitarianism’ and those adopting plant-based diets for health and/or environmental reasons. There is a need to consolidate the nutritional guidance, to enable better and more consistent evidence-based support for these groups.
Data augmentation of optical time series signals for small samples
Authors: Zhang Xuezhi , Liu Zhaozhu , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Fan Xiaojun , Yang Boyue , Peng Min , Chen Guanlong , Liu Tiegen
Published: September 2020

It is difficult to obtain a large amount of labeled data, which has become a bottleneck for the application of deep learning to analyze one-dimensional optical time series signals. In order to solve this problem, a deep convolutional generative adversarial network model suitable for augmenting optical time series signals is proposed. Based on the acoustic emission (AE) data set obtained by an optical sensor with a small amount, the model can learn the corresponding data features and apply them to generate new data. The analysis results show that our model can generate stable and diverse AE fragments in epoch 500, and there is no model collapse. All the features between the generated data and the original data are not significantly different at the 0.05 level, which confirms that the method in this paper can generate the optical time series signals effectively.
Continuously tunable metasurfaces controlled by single electrode uniform bias-voltage based on nonuniform periodic rectangular graphene arrays
Authors: Chen Dingbo , Yang Junbo , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhaojian , Xie Wanlin , Jiang Xinpeng , He Xin , Han Yunxin , Zhang Zhenfu , Yu Yang
Published: September 2020

Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional artificial metamaterials, have attracted intensive attention due to their abnormal ability to manipulate the electromagnetic wave. Although there have been considerable efforts to design and fabricate beam steering devices, continuously tunable devices with a uniform bias-voltage have not been achieved. Finding new ways to realize more convenient and simpler wavefront modulation of light still requires research efforts. In this article, a series of novel reflective metasurfaces are proposed to continuously modulate the wavefront of terahertz light by uniformly adjusting the bias-voltage. By introducing the innovation of nonuniform periodic structures, we realize the gradient distribution of the reflected light phase-changing-rate which is the velocity of phase changing with Fermi energy. Based on strict phase distribution design scheme, a beam scanner and a variable-focus reflective metalens are both demonstrated successfully. Furthermore, dynamic and continuous control of either the beam azimuth of beam scanner or the focal length of metalens can be achieved by uniformly tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. Our work provides a potentially efficient method for the development and simplification of the adjustable wavefront controlling devices.
Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi in ticks from reptiles in Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Miranda Jorge , Violet-Lozano Lina , Barrera Samia , Mattar Salim , Monsalve-Buriticá Santiago , Rodas Juan , Contreras Verónica
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Wildlife animals are reservoirs of a large number of microorganisms pathogenic to humans, and ticks could be responsible for the transmission of these pathogens. Rickettsia spp. are the most prevalent pathogens found in ticks. This study was conducted to detect Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from free-living and illegally trafficked reptiles from the Department of Córdoba, Colombia.

Materials and Methods: During the period from October 2011 to July 2014, ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae were collected, preserved in 96% ethanol, identified using taxonomic keys, and pooled (between 1 and 14 ticks) according to sex, stage, host, and collected place for subsequent DNA extraction. Rickettsia detection was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by conventional PCR to amplify a larger fragment of the gltA and 16S rRNA genes. The amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method, and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis to identify homologous sequences in GenBank, after which phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA X software.

Results: In total, 21 specimens of nine species of reptiles were sampled, from which 805 Amblyomma dissimile ticks were collected, but only 180 ticks were selected to create 34 groups. The DNA of Rickettsia spp. was detected in 30/34 (88%) groups. The sequences of the gene gltA and 16S rRNA revealed a 100% identity with Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi (GenBank: KF905456 and GenBank: KF691750).

Conclusion: A. dissimile was the only tick found in all the sampled reptiles. The presence of Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi in reptile ticks could represent a public health problem due to the risk of transmission to humans and the introduction of microorganisms to other geographical areas.