bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overconfidence and Financial Risk Tolerance in Older Age
Authors: Frank Colleen C , Mottola Gary R , Chen Meiru , Yu Lei , Boyle Patricia A , Samanez-Larkin Gregory R , Seaman Kendra L
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Excessive financial risk taking in older age can have harmful consequences as opportunities to recover lost wealth are limited. Understanding financial risk taking in older age is important for identifying vulnerabilities and developing interventions to empower aging investors to make wise financial choices. In this paper, we explore how overconfidence in financial knowledge affects financial risk-taking among older adults.

Methods

We examine this research question in older adults aged 58-101 (N = 1242) using data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP).

Results

After controlling for demographics, overconfidence was associated with self-reported financial risk tolerance such that those who were more overconfident reported tolerating more financial risks. Moreover, this relationship emerged for both healthy older adults and those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, overconfidence did not predict performance on a behavioral measure of risk aversion.

Discussion

The present results suggest that overconfidence may partially contribute to financial risk-taking in older adults, regardless of cognitive status. Thus, interventions aimed at calibrating confidence to actual levels of financial knowledge could be an impactful target for intervention.
The Updated Genome Warehouse: Enhancing Data Value, Security, and Usability to Address Data Expansion
Authors: Ma Yingke , Zhao Xuetong , Jia Yaokai , Han Zhenxian , Yu Caixia , Fan Zhuojing , Zhang Zhang , Xiao Jingfa , Zhao Wenming , Bao Yiming , Chen Meili
Published: February 2025

The Genome Warehouse (GWH), accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh, is an extensively utilized public repository dedicated to the deposition, management and sharing of genome assembly sequences, annotations, and metadata. This paper highlights noteworthy enhancements to the GWH since the 2021 version, emphasizing substantial advancements in web interfaces for data submission, database functionality updates, and resource integration. Key updates include the reannotation of released prokaryotic genomes, mirroring of genome resources from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq), integration of Poxviridae sequences, implementation of an online batch submission system, enhancements to the quality control system, advanced search capabilities, and the introduction of a controlled-access mechanism for human genome data. These improvements collectively augment the ease and security of data submission and access as well as genome data value, thereby fostering heightened convenience and utility for researchers in the genomics field.
Research on detection of new energy power line based on computer vision
Authors: Qi Weiqiang , Yuan Zonghui , Tan Lei , Wang Zhi
Published: February 2025

In this paper, an anomaly detection method for transmission lines based on computer vision is proposed. Firstly, the original image is transformed into gray level, then the image quality is optimized by Gamma correction strategy, the line edge information is extracted by Canny algorithm, and the detection target image is obtained by introducing two-dimensional Otsu threshold segmentation technology. Finally, the image to be measured is compared with the image in the knowledge base by computer vision technology, and the similarity is calculated to determine whether the transmission line conductor has broken strands.
Influence of Cellular Aging on Liver Stiffness in HCV Patients Achieving Sustained Viral Response
Authors: Gonzalez-Serna Alejandro , Corma-Gomez Anaïs , Cano Mercedes , Ricardo Rubio-Sánchez , Martín-Sierra Carmen , Rincón Pilar , Martín-Carmona Jesica , Pérez Margarita , Pineda Juan Antonio , Real Luis Miguel , Macias Juan
Published: February 2025

Background

Liver stiffness (LS) is not reduced in 10-30% of patients who achieve sustained viral response (SVR) after HCV elimination with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Our aim was to analyze whether the parameters associated with cellular aging measured at the DAA initiation date are related to LS reduction upon achieving SVR.

Methods

Prospective cohort study (GEHEP-011; clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04460157). We measured several parameters associated with cellular aging, such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial alterations, and soluble biomarkers associated with Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) at the DAA initiation date, and examined their associations with a significant (≥20%) LS decrease at the SVR time point.

Results

In total, 175 individuals were included in this study. In 101 (57.7%) patients, the LS reduction was ≥20% at SVR. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, CXCL10, hsPCR, and CCL11 levels, greater relative telomere length (RTL) emerged as the sole variable independently associated with a significant LS decrease in SVR (95% CI, 1.102 (1.001-1.1214), p=0.047). Furthermore, changes in LS, including significant decreases and decreases of <20% or increases, were congruently associated with RTL (p=0.011).

Conclusions

Greater RTL was independently associated with a significant LS reduction in SVR. Thus, increased cellular aging may be responsible for the absence of liver regeneration after HCV eradication. Further studies are required to assess the long-term effects of cellular aging after SVR.
Wetland pesticide exposure in agricultural regions: A case study from Uruguay
Authors: Nion Camila Fernández , Díaz Isasa Ismael
Published: February 2025

The intensification of agricultural practices has led to an increased reliance on pesticides, which has become a significant environmental concern due to their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In Uruguay, the escalation of pesticide use has been accompanied by detrimental effects on ecosystems critical for conservation. Understanding the dynamics of these widespread pollutants necessitates an in-depth comprehension of the application of active ingredients, their spatial distribution, and their environmental fate. This study aims to assess the exposure of wetland ecosystems in Uruguay’s primary agricultural zone to pesticides. The research integrates remote sensing techniques to identify crop rotations, determining the predominant active ingredients and their rates of use in agricultural cycles, estimating pesticide distribution patterns and environmental mobility, and evaluating wetland exposure. The study reveals widespread use of active chemicals such as glyphosate, 24-D, flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, clethodim, flumetsulam, triflumuron, chlorantraniliprole, and fipronil, with 27.4% of wetland areas experiencing significant exposure. This study provides a comprehensive method for georeferencing pesticide applications, estimating spatial distribution, and assessing wetland vulnerability to agricultural chemicals, offering valuable insights for environmental management and policy-making.
Assessing the impact of using a patient counselling prompt—the TARGET antibiotic checklist in England’s community pharmacies
Authors: Parekh Sejal , Xu Lingqian , Hayes Catherine V , Hand Kieran , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Lecky Donna M
Published: February 2025

Background

An estimated 1.27 million deaths globally were caused by antibiotic-resistant infections in 2019. Outcome 2 of the UK national action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance is improved public engagement and education with a specific and measurable target.

Objectives

To evaluate and compare 2 years of the use of the TARGET antibiotic checklist in England’s community pharmacies via the Pharmacy Quality Scheme (PQS).

Methods

The use of the TARGET antibiotic checklist was incentivized in the PQS for 2021–22 and 2023–24 for patients presenting with antibiotic prescription in community pharmacy during a 4 week period each year.

Results

A total of 406 333 patients were counselled using the TARGET antibiotic checklist, with 10 081 community pharmacies participating in either year and 6209 community pharmacies participating in both years. The most common indications for both years were chest and urinary tract infections with amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin, respectively, being the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for both PQS years examined. A total of 27 898 influenza vaccinations were delivered by community pharmacies prompted by discussions whilst using the antibiotic checklist. In addition, 140 473 patient information leaflets were provided to patients to improve knowledge about their condition and treatment and to support future self-care.

Discussion

The investment in training and resources for community pharmacies through the PQS has provided opportunities for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship by equipping them with the tools to improve patient knowledge of antibiotic use, symptom resolution and antimicrobial resistance using the TARGET antibiotic checklist, as well as other resources from the TARGET Antibiotics Toolkit.
Evaluation of a Novel Capillary Blood Collection System for Blood Sampling in Nontraditional Settings as Compared with Currently Marketed Capillary and Venous Blood Collection Systems for Selected General Chemistry Analytes
Authors: Parikh Monisha , Wimmer Cathy , DiPasquale Christopher , Barr Roy L , Jacobson James W
Published: February 2025

Background

Nontraditional sites for blood collection, including retail pharmacies, can expand access to laboratory testing. Three studies assessed the BD® MiniDraw™ Capillary Blood Collection System (BD MiniDraw) along with the BD MiniDraw SST™ Capillary Blood Collection Tube (BD MiniDraw SST tube). This system allows trained healthcare workers to collect capillary blood without requiring phlebotomy experience, in accordance with state laws.

Methods

Studies 1 and 2 evaluated clinical equivalence for selected serum chemistry analytes in the BD MiniDraw compared with currently marketed capillary and venous comparators. Study 3 evaluated within-tube stability for selected analytes up to 48 h in BD MiniDraw SST tubes following storage (2°–8°C). Contrived specimens were prepared to cover medically relevant ranges. Testing was performed on one general chemistry core laboratory analyzer in each study. Clinical equivalence was demonstrated if the biases and 95% limits were within a predefined clinical acceptance limit at all medical decision levels and time points for stability.

Results

Clinical equivalence was demonstrated for all analytes for BD MiniDraw vs capillary and venous comparators except alanine aminotransferase and chloride for the venous comparator in study 1. Both showed clinical equivalence at the upper limit of the reference range; the confidence interval exceeded the clinical acceptance limit at the lower limit. Within-tube stability was demonstrated in BD MiniDraw SST tubes up to 48 h for all selected analytes.

Conclusions

The BD MiniDraw presents an option for blood collection in nontraditional settings that is clinically equivalent to conventional capillary and venous collection for the specified analytes.
Accurate ripening stage classification of pineapple based on visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system
Authors: Chang Hongjuan , Qinghua Meng , Wu Zhefeng , Tang Liu , Qiu Zouquan , Ni Chunyu , Chu Jiahui , Fang Juncheng , Huang Yuqing , Li Yu
Published: February 2025

Background

Pineapples are a popular tropical fruit with economic value, and determining the optimum ripeness of pineapples to assess their quality is crucial for harvesting, marketing, production and processing.

Objective

In this study, spectral information and soluble solid content (SSC) of pineapple ripening stages (unripe, ripe and overripe) were analyzed by 400–1000 nm hyperspectral imaging in order to determine the best classification model of pineapple ripening.

Method

Four different preprocessing methods, i.e., standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), normalization, and Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, in combination with successive projection algorithms (SPA) and bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS) for feature wavelength extraction, were used to compare the full-wavelength and the two types of feature extraction support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF), four supervised machine learning classifiers for maturity classification.

Results

For pineapple ripeness classification, SNV preprocessing RF showed the best results with 94.44% accuracy at both full wavelength and 28 wavelengths selected in SPA. A total of 33 wavelengths selected from BOSS achieved a test accuracy of 97.22% by RF.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the potential of NIR-HSI as a non-destructive, fast and correct tool for pineapple ripeness identification. The method can be applied to classify and grade marketed pineapple fruits to address pineapple quality issues related to uneven ripeness.

Highlights

The visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (VIS-NIR-HSI) system combining machine learning and wavelength selection successfully classified pineapple ripening stages, an approach that could improve the ability to classify pineapples at the ripening stage in large packaging companies. In addition, finding key wavelengths or features that can be classified corresponding to pineapple ripening stages has the advantage of developing a low-cost, fast, and effective multispectral imaging system compared to the NIR-HSI system.
Improving genetic gain in postpartum cows: A modified ovarian superstimulation protocol for ovum pick-up-in vitro embryo production during the voluntary waiting period
Authors: Xiao Jinbang , Tian Manyuan , Yuan Haojie , Ren Hongyu , Li Heiqiang , Xie Chengyun , Huang Cong , Wang Bingke , Wang Yongsheng , Jin Yaping , Lin Peifeng
Published: February 2025

Ovarian superstimulation-ovum pick-up (OPU) technology facilitates the rapid propagation of animals with excellent genetic potential, substantially shortening the interval between generations. Research regarding OPU implementation during the voluntary waiting period (VWP), a phase with potential for maximizing genetic gains in high-yield herds, is limited. We aimed to optimize the dosage and frequency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injections in postpartum cows to develop an ovarian superstimulation protocol during the VWP for OPU-IVF and assess its effect on milk production and reproductive performance. Cows with more than three parities and within the top 10% of 305-day milk yield were selected as OPU donors. Donor cows were eligible for ovarian superstimulation starting at 40 days in milk (DIM) if they had completed uterine involution and showed no signs of intrauterine infection. Two superstimulation protocols were compared: three injections of 167 IU FSH (FSH-3 group) and five injections of 100 IU FSH (FSH-5 group). Donor cows underwent OPU between DIM 40–75, followed by a 10–15-day waiting period before artificial insemination (AI). A total of 95 cows (113 OPU sessions) were assigned to the FSH-5 group and 116 cows (135 OPU sessions) to the FSH-3 group. Milk yield data during this period and subsequent reproduction records of these donor cows were compared with those of non-donor cows. The results showed that the FSH-3 group achieved better results, including more 2–6-mm follicles and 6–10-mm follicles, a greater total follicle count, and greater recovery of cumulus-oocyte complexes (p<0.05). Additionally, the FSH-3 group produced more greater-grade oocytes, resulting in better production of blastocysts (p<0.05). Although the application of superstimulation-OPU to donor cows during the VWP delayed the DIM of the first AI (p<0.05), it significantly increased the pregnancy rate (p<0.05) and did not affect the subsequent reproductive performance of the parity. Milk yield temporarily declined on the day of OPU, but it gradually recovered. In summary, the FSH-3 protocol generated an average of more than four embryos per cow during the VWP without compromising reproductive performance, including service and pregnancy rates. These results suggest that the FSH-3 protocol is an effective strategy for obtaining embryos from high-yield cows during the VWP, enhancing genetic gain and accelerating breeding programs with minimal effect on future fertility.
Stochastic ecological processes assemble soil microbial communities in degraded patches of alpine grassland in the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Qi , Chen Dongdong , Zhao Liang , Xiao Chunwang
Published: February 2025

Alpine meadows in Sanjiangyuan (SJY) National Park are experiencing degradation, and soil microbes play a critical role in maintaining the health and stability of these ecosystems. Soil microbes showed strong habitat specificity during meadow degradation, but we poorly understood the ecological assembly processes in soil microbial communities. This study explores the changes in ecological components across original and degraded patches of alpine meadows in SJY National Park. We examined vegetation-soil characteristics through field surveys, and soil microbial community structure by using high-throughput sequencing techniques. At the macro level, alpine meadows degradation increased vegetation species diversity, significantly reduced above-ground productivity, and made the soil more barren and alkaline. At the micro level, although the dominant phyla of soil microorganisms were similar in different degradation states of alpine meadows, degradation significantly increased the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria and decreased the relative abundance of dominant fungi. Additionally, microbial communities exhibited significant β-diversity. Degradation also led to an increase in microbial α-diversity, heightened microbial taxa competition, and a more complex microbial co-occurrence network. However, vegetation-soil variables explained only a small portion of the variation in soil microbes. Through the study of microbial ecological assembly processes, it was found that degradation enhanced the stochastic processes of soil microbial communities, and the changes in soil microbial communities were mainly driven by the variations inherent in the microbes themselves. These findings highlight the complex ecological interactions between above- and below-ground components, and emphasize the critical role of microbial community dynamics in ecosystem functions.
Rossinian Reiz: Strategic Musical Irritation and the Capturing of Attention
Authors: Boyle Matthew L C
Published: February 2025

Rossini’s contemporaries frequently described his operas as irritating. Some critics felt his music combined irritation with pleasure, while others felt it overstimulated them with disruptive sensuality. To analyze Rossini’s stylistic irritation, I propose a theory of musical irritation that finds it to be alluring. I call this strategic use of irritation Reiz. The function of Reiz is to seize audience attention through three modes of experience: the disruptive, the overwhelming, and the ecological. Reiz may affect a work’s orchestration, text setting, harmony, and counterpoint, and usually undercuts sentimental expression. These Rossinian techniques suggest models for analyzing recent media.
The Arms Trade and International Criminal Law
Authors: 9780192695086  , Hamilton Tomas
Published: February 2025

The Arms Trade and International Criminal Law offers a rigorous analysis of how the global arms trade intersects with accountability in the era of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The book argues that individuals—including corporate executives, state officials, and arms traffickers—can be held directly accountable under international law for supplying weapons. By examining the complexities of the arms trade and the doctrines of accomplice liability, the book explores how international justice mechanisms have become narrowly focused on the prosecution of military and political leaders, neglecting the more structural causes of atrocity. The book assesses the failings of current ‘Arms Trade Law’—including UN embargoes, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), and the EU Common Position—to prevent weapons from reaching perpetrators or to achieve substantive accountability. It argues that International Criminal Law can complement existing export regulation, particularly through prosecutions that express condemnation of the wrongdoing of arms dealers who profit from atrocity. The book advances a specific interpretation of actus reus and mens rea for complicity under Article 25 of the Rome Statute, providing a sound legal basis for the ICC to prosecute an arms trader. It explores the institutional attitudes within the ICC that hinder such prosecutions, drawing on interviews, participant observation, and empirical research to assess the perspectives of judges and lawyers. Case studies from the Second Congo War and the DRC investigations illustrate missed opportunities. The book concludes with a call for broader engagement with the Rome Statute’s mandate, to ensure that accountability reaches all types of actors responsible for international crimes.
The Mens Rea of a Complicit Arms Transfer
Authors: Hamilton Tomas
Published: February 2025

Chapter 5 examines the mens rea element of complicity, focusing on the Rome Statute requirements of Article 25(3)(d)(ii), a less stringent standard than the stricter subjective requirement for aiding and abetting under Article 25(3)(c). It argues for a specific interpretation of mens rea, according to Article 21 of the Statute, in which the defendant must know of the ‘essential matters’ of the crime and that supplying the weapons will lead ‘in the ordinary course of events’ to assisting the commission of the crime. The legal assessment of ‘knowledge’ can be informed by risk-based models and evidence from arms trade procedures and factual reporting. For example, a UN fact-finding report or an arms embargo could be a strong indicator of complicit knowledge. The chapter draws comparisons with the legal standards under the Arms Trade Treaty and EU Common Position (a ‘clear risk that crimes might be committed’) according to which exports must be denied.
Techniques for Rhythmic Alignment and Ensemble
Authors: Fullard Annie , Cotter-Lockard Dorianne
Published: February 2025

Ensemble playing requires that group members understand how to interpret rhythm and pulse in a unified manner. This chapter offers a variety of techniques, beginning with simple embodiment of the pulse through movement and continuing with numerous strategies to approach rhythmic alignment. Physically embodying the character of the music as one plays leads to cohesion and more expressive music-making. Specific techniques to improve group rhythm and ensemble alignment include synchronizing movement, expressive counting, using the metronome, establishing visual connection, passing the melody or motive, exaggerating tempos, clapping (composite rhythms and syncopation), and for string players employing left hands alone (tactile synchronization).
Techniques for Projecting Expression
Authors: Fullard Annie , Cotter-Lockard Dorianne
Published: February 2025

The techniques in this chapter enable ensembles to develop their unique voice as an expressive unit. These approaches to projecting expression help develop a group’s musical personality, making rehearsals more productive and joyful. Techniques for singing instrumental parts build on the prior chapter’s section on applying vocal technique to instrumental playing. This chapter includes how to interpret and express dynamics as indicated by the composer. Wisdom from conductor Seiji Ozawa and violinist Robert Mann regarding the interpretation and performance of dynamics is included. Detailed techniques for playing while standing, expressing dynamics, “playing the silence,” and playing by memory are included, along with the concepts of playing to the center and projecting sound outward toward the audience.
Don’t Give Up
Authors: Darden Robert F. , Newby Stephen M.
Published: February 2025

Don’t Give Up, Andraé’s first big-budget album for Warner Bros. Records, received a major promotional push in the pop market. But despite the presence of top talent throughout, including Marvin Winans, the LP was not well received or reviewed. In addition to controversial songs like “Hollywood Scene” and “I’ll Be Good to You, Baby,” which alienated his gospel music base, the album was criticized for not having enough religious references. At the same time, Crouch began to receive the first mediocre reviews of his live concerts, and the Black press, which had been solidly in his camp, began publishing articles reflecting badly on what it considered his lavish lifestyle. The musicians and singers who worked on Don’t Give Up steadfastly defended it, but as Bill Maxwell sadly noted, the LP “bombed.”
Chachapoyas Quechua
Authors: Shimelman Aviva , Valqui Jairo
Published: February 2025

This chapter sketches the major phonological and morphosyntactic features of Chachapoyas Quechua [ISO 369-3: quk, Glottocode: chac1250], a moribund language spoken in the northern Peruvian Andes. Chachapoyas is of particular interest to the study of the history and diversity of the Quechuan languages and, concomitantly, to our understanding of differentiation in human languages more generally. Unusual features of Chachapoyas Quechua include, most prominently, systematic vowel reduction that results in forms that violate the usual constraints of Quechuan syllable structure. This, as well as other idiosyncracies of the phonetics of the language, are partially attributable to the influence of Chacha, the language spoken in the region before the Incan conquest.
Linguistic complexity in the Central Andes
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: February 2025

Linguistic complexity has been found to correlate with sociolinguistic factors such as isolation, and with geographical factors such as altitude, though such correlations are not without problems. Here it is asked whether these or other factors hold for South America and in particular the Central Andes, and what light the complexity levels can shed light on the linguistic prehistory and earliest settlement of the Andean highlands. Types of complexity surveyed are phonological enumerative complexity, morphological enumerative complexity, and morphological non-transparency (canonical complexity). Correlations are not strong, but they do exist, and taken together with archeological and ethnographic information they can be used to hypothesize which languages descend from earlier or later entrants to the highlands.
“A Slave in Nebraska” and Other Black Habeas Activism on the Gilded Age Plains
Authors: Young Cory James
Published: February 2025

Drawing on court records, newspaper accounts, and a remarkable journal, this article presents a microhistory of Till, a Black teenager in rural Nebraska who became the subject of a well-publicized 1890 habeas corpus petition alleging his enslavement in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. It contends that this proceeding should be understood as a freedom suit and that Till’s subsequent life should be understood as part of its legal history.
Ganoderma adspersum, the Cause of Extensive Wood Decay of Almond Trees in California Orchards
Authors: Ahumada Daisy , Johnson Andrew 'Bob' , Cortez Felipe E. S. , Gordon Phoebe E. , Culumber Catherine Mae , Rizzo David
Published: February 2025

Ganoderma adspersum, previously unreported in North America, was identified as the primary causal agent of root and butt rot-related failure in almond trees in California’s Central Valley. This disease has been observed over approximately 340 km in California and in orchards spanning 5 to 20+ years old. The most common sign is reddish-brown basidiomata that develop at the base of the trees in the later stages of the disease. Ganoderma adspersum was isolated from the decayed wood of failed trees with the peach rootstock cultivar Nemaguard®. Rootstocks were inoculated with G. adspersum in a greenhouse setting and decay similar to naturally infected trees developed. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated plants, confirming pathogenicity.
Peony Physiological index, interleaf microbial diversity and transcriptome response to Erysiphe paeoniae infection stress
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Feng Lianrong , Bai Qian , Wang Zhanbin , Sabir Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), an important ornamental and medicinal plant, has been severely damaged by the prevalence of powdery mildew, affecting its cultivation and breeding. To ascertain the response mechanism of peony to powdery mildew infection, we examined the microbial diversity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities of mild disease leaves (DL) and healthy leaves (HL) in peony, and transcriptome sequencing in DL and HL was performed. The results showed that the MDA content rose as the degree of infection became worse, while antioxidant enzyme activities increased first and then decreased. Following the occurrance of powdery mildew, fungal community diversity decreased, whereas there was not any significant change in bacterial communities according to microbial diversity sequencing. A total of 1187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the transcriptome sequencing. Among them, 461 down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in response to multiple stress factors and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and 726 up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in ribosomal structure, sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein translation, and the biosynthesis of terpenoid and polyketides. Furthermore, the pathway involved in plant-pathogen interactions and various disease-resistant transcription factors are crucial in peony defense mechanism against powdery mildew infection. Overall, during the infection of powdery mildew, significant changes occur in the antioxidant capacity and fungal community diversity of peony leaves, while the synthesis of various proteins is also inhibited. In addition, Peony may activate various defense reactions and enhance the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds by regulating disease-resistance transcription factors.
Yellow dwarf viruses: aphid transmission efficiency and cereal host range
Authors: Nancarrow Narelle , Rodoni Brendan , Lam Shu Kee , Trębicki Piotr
Published: February 2025

Yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) are transmitted by aphids and can significantly reduce grain yield in cereals worldwide. While barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV PAV) has long been present in Australia, the YDV species barley virus G (BVG) and barley yellow dwarf virus PAS (BYDV PAS) were reported for the first time more recently. Little data about the transmission and host range of BVG has been published worldwide, while epidemiological information about BVG and BYDV PAS in an Australian context is limited. Therefore, glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine the efficiency of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), rose grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum) and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) to transmit BVG, BYDV PAS and BYDV PAV. BYDV PAS and BYDV PAV were transmitted at similar rates by each of the four aphid species. Although BVG was most efficiently transmitted by the corn leaf aphid, it was also transmitted, albeit less efficiently, by the bird cherry-oat aphid. Significantly, in our study, the corn leaf aphid transmitted BVG at a much higher rate (63%) using single-aphid inoculations than had previously been reported by others (7%). Varying levels of susceptibility were observed in host range experiments, and four additional BVG hosts were identified. Russian wheat aphid did not transmit any of the viruses examined. These results have implications for YDV management while also demonstrating the complexity and specificity of the relationships between YDVs, the aphids that transmit them and the plant hosts that they infect.
Modeling the accuracy of Xylella fastidiosa molecular diagnostic tests in naturally-infected almond tree samples
Authors: Del Pilar Velasco Amo María , Olivares-García Concepción , Román-Écija Miguel , Marco-Noales Ester , Navas-Cortés Juan A. , Landa del Castillo Blanca Beatriz
Published: February 2025

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a quarantine plant pathogen in the European Union, recognized as a high-priority pest due to its devastating cultural and economic impact on crops, ornamental plants, and landscape vegetation. The development and implementation of reliable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods for Xf detection are critical to ensure the production and trade of healthy plant material and to facilitate effective control measures, primarily aimed at eradication. Despite the availability of numerous detection protocols, their diagnostic parameters remain not precisely defined, and no universally accepted gold-standard protocol exists. This study compared the global accuracy and performance of six molecular assays using almond samples collected from naturally infected almond trees in the Alicante Demarcated Area, Spain. Additionally, the study evaluated the influence of plant sample type (leaf petioles versus woody chips) on diagnostic accuracy. Harper-qPCR and Li-qPCR assays demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 2.8–3 fg of Xf DNA. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) exhibited excellent sensitivity for woody chip samples, while Li-qPCR showed superior specificity across both tissue types. In contrast, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) displayed lower detection limits and reproducibility compared to qPCR-based methods. Bayesian latent class models indicated that combining Harper-qPCR and Li-qPCR for petioles, or Harper-qPCR and ddPCR for wood samples, optimized diagnostic reliability by reducing false negatives, which is critical in buffer zones under eradication while maintaining high specificity. These findings emphasize the need for tailoring diagnostic protocols to the epidemiological context, balancing sensitivity and specificity to optimize surveillance schemes for Xf and to support effective phytosanitary management strategies.
Improving Discharge Education and Outcomes for Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Mowery Bernice D. , Brand Erin , Gisila Demeke , Healy Katie , Mannaye Tigist R. , Bhuvanesh Abhi , Babb Rebecca , Bettencourt Amanda P. , McLaughlin Maureen Kirkpatrick , Russell-Babin Kathleen
Published: February 2025

The emerging field of implementation science (IS) facilitates the sustainment of evidence-based practice in clinical care. This article, the fourth in a series on applying IS, describes how a nurse-led team at a multisite health system used IS concepts, methods, and tools to implement a discharge education bundle for patients with heart failure at two community hospitals, with the aim of decreasing readmissions and improving patient functioning and satisfaction.
Nurses Die by Suicide at Higher Rates Than the General Population
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: February 2025

Mental health problems and job stresses may be contributing factors.
Implementing an Activity and Mobility Promotion Approach to Improve Patient Mobility
Authors: Gore Shweta , Mattie Karen , Schworm Kara , Murphy Sheila , Googins Carolyn , Caruso Lisa , Slavin Mary , Young Daniel
Published: February 2025

Background:

A decline in patient mobility is a common occurrence following hospital admission, even with short, uncomplicated stays. Low mobility is known to result in a variety of adverse outcomes, including functional decline, especially for the vulnerable older population.

Purpose:

Strategies to promote mobility in hospitalized patients are crucial to improving outcomes and reducing associated costs. The aim of this quality improvement project was to implement the Johns Hopkins Activity and Mobility Promotion (JH-AMP) program at a large safety-net hospital, assess the feasibility of implementing this program, and examine the preliminary impact of the program on patient mobility.

Methods:

A pre- and postimplementation design was used on medical and surgical units, and in ICUs. The JH-AMP program was implemented using eight key strategies based on the Translating Research into Practice implementation science framework. The intervention was designed to provide all patients with a daily mobility goal during their stay in the hospital and ensure that frontline staff utilized this goal as a metric to move patients every day. Measures of mobility capacity and performance, the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care “6-Clicks” Short Form (AM-PAC) and the Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility (JH-HLM) scale, were integrated into the electronic health record to facilitate generation of a mobility goal. An iterative process was used to improve the thematic analysis of qualitative focus group discussions. Within-group comparisons of JH-HLM scores were performed for all units before and after implementation of the JH-AMP program using Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results:

Following program implementation, the frequency of patients scoring 4 (transfer to a chair) or higher on the JH-HLM scale was significantly greater compared to baseline (z = 2.02, P = 0.043). Similarly, all units demonstrated a significant decrease in the proportion of patients scoring 1 (lying in bed) compared to baseline (z = 2.03, P = 0.031).

Conclusion:

Large-scale, hospital-wide implementation of an activity and mobility promotion program is feasible when performed systematically and can significantly reduce hospital immobility.
The gut microbiota in spondyloarthritis: an update
Authors: Rodriguez Valeria Rios , Essex Morgan , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

This review provides an updated overview of the gut microbiota's involvement in spondyloarthritis (SpA) from a clinical perspective. It explores mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence SpA pathogenesis and considers the therapeutic implications of targeting the microbiome in SpA treatment.

Recent findings

The pathogenesis of SpA is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, external factors and dysregulation of the immune system. Recent studies have identified alterations in the gut microbiome of patients with SpA, including changes in microbial diversity and specific taxa linked to disease activity. HLA-B27 status seems to influence gut microbiota composition, potentially impacting disease progression. In HLA-B27 transgenic rats, the association between gut microbiota and SpA development has been confirmed, supporting findings from human studies. A compromised gut barrier, influenced by proteins like zonulin, may allow microbial antigens to translocate, triggering immune responses associated with SpA.

These findings highlight the potential for microbiota-modulating therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, diet and exercise, in managing SpA. However, methodological variability in human studies exposes the need for more rigorous research to better understand these associations. This may offer the opportunity to refine treatment strategies, offering a personalized approach to managing the disease.
Associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in China: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Ke Yalei , Shi Kexiang , Bennett Derrick A. , Lv Jun , Sun Dianjianyi , Pei Pei , Du Huaidong , Chen Yiping , Yang Ling , Zheng Xiangyang , Yang Xiaoming , Barnard Maxim , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Yu Canqing ,   on behalf of China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group
Published: February 2025

Background:

Evidence of an association between physical activity (PA) and mortality has mainly focused on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). We aimed to assess the associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific PA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods:

We used baseline PA data from the China Kadoorie Biobank, including 482,067 participants aged 30–79 years from 10 areas in China. PA via self-report was quantified as a metabolic equivalent of task hours per day. Total PA was calculated by summing occupational, commuting, household, and leisure-time PA, and domain- and intensity-specific PAs were also calculated. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of quintiles of different types of PA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and adjust for potential confounders. Cause-specific mortalities were also examined in a competing risk analysis.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 47,281 deaths occurred. Total PA was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, with a hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of 0.69 (0.67–0.71) in the highest quintile as compared with the lowest quintile. Similar associations were observed for disease-specific mortality risks from cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes, and nervous system disease, with HR (95% CI) for top vs. bottom quintile of PA of 0.68 (0.64–0.71), 0.80 (0.76–0.83), 0.39 (0.35–0.44), 0.44 (0.35–0.55), and 0.52 (0.38–0.73), respectively. In addition, the risk of all-cause mortality was lowered by 34%, 13%, 17%, and 30% for occupational PA, non-occupational PA, low-intensity PA, and MVPA, respectively, when comparing the highest quintile with the lowest quintile.

Conclusions:

PA was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, regardless of domain and intensity. Any PA can bring long-term beneficial health effects.
Decoding Facial Dissymmetry: A Comparative Morphological Study on Human Skulls and Facial Structures
Authors: Divaris Marc
Published: February 2025

Background:

This study provides a detailed examination of facial asymmetry and its relationship with skeletal structure and soft tissues, aiming to better understand the morphological variations of the face.

Methods:

The facial characteristics of 615 patients were analyzed using morphometric measurements. To complement this analysis, 189 skulls were examined to establish a concordance between skeletal structure and soft tissues, allowing for a deeper understanding of the observed asymmetry. The data were statistically analyzed to identify patterns of asymmetry.

Results:

The measurements revealed a prevalence of the “narrow face” on the right side, characterized by features such as a narrower orbit, a thinner lateronasal area, and a slightly higher and narrower maxillomalar block. Notable exceptions to this pattern were observed, indicating significant individual variations.

Conclusions:

Facial asymmetry is a constant feature among individuals and is influenced by complex embryological development processes. Identifying these variations provides new insights for aesthetic procedures, emphasizing the importance of a personalized approach to facial diagnosis.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FEBRILE SEIZURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CANADIAN IMMUNIZATION MONITORING PROGRAM–ACTIVE (IMPACT) STUDY
Authors: Top Karina A. , Shulha Hennady P. , Hassan Fahima , Sauvé Laura , Jadavji Taj , Purewal Rupeena , Constantinescu Cora , Sadarangani Manish , Halperin Scott A. , Morris Shaun K. , Bettinger Julie A. ,   for the IMPACT investigators
Published: February 2025

Active surveillance for febrile seizures was conducted at 12 Canadian pediatric centers (August 2021–December 2022). Of 3367 cases, 649 (19%) were hospitalized, 156/3367 (5%) had laboratory-confirmed acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 363 (11%) had non-SARS-CoV-2 infection and 107 (3%) occurred as adverse events following immunization (vaccinated within 15 days before presentation). Febrile seizures were more frequently associated with infection than vaccination.
Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Biswas Tamoghna , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Sood Vikrant , Kale Pratibha , Khillan Vikas , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

The current study aimed to explore the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of infections in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF).

Methods:

Data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database of patients admitted with PALF between January 2012 and June 2024. “Sepsis” was defined as the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome with suspected or proven infection. Patients with positive bacterial and/or fungal cultures were labeled as “culture-positive sepsis.” Outcome variables included native liver survival (NLS) and overall survival (OS) at day 28.

Results:

A total of 422 patients of PALF were included in the study of whom 195 (46.21%) fulfilled the criteria of sepsis and 71 (16.8%) had culture-positive sepsis. Bronchoalveolar fluid (37/81, 45.7%) was the commonest site of culture positivity followed by blood (29, 35.8%). More than 80% of cultures grew Gram-negative organisms with a high prevalence of carbapenem (77.1%) and multidrug (60%) resistance. These organisms were sensitive to colistin and newer beta-lactam combinations. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation, grade 3–4 hepatic encephalopathy and use of extracorporeal liver support systems were associated with culture-positive sepsis. Patients with culture-negative sepsis had lower NLS and OS, whereas patients with culture-positive sepsis had outcomes comparable with patients without sepsis. However, culture-positive severe sepsis patients had significantly lowered NLS (33.3%) and OS (42.9%) at day 28.

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of carbapenem and multidrug-resistant sepsis in PALF. ICU stay and use of extracorporeal support are factors independently associated with sepsis. While culture-positive sepsis did not significantly affect survival, patients with severe sepsis had lower NLS and OS.
Modified lasso suture technique to reverse hyperopia after radial keratotomy
Authors: Coelho Roberto Pinto , Ramos Murilo Rodrigues , Machado Gabriela
Published: February 2025

A modified corneal lasso suture technique for reversing hyperopia after radial keratotomy is described. 3 concentric sutures were placed in a loop on the cornea to promote the restructuring of the flattened cornea and restore its prolate shape. As a result, the patient's myopia returned, improving near vision and providing more treatment options for dissatisfied patients.
Re LAB ReImagine Clinical Residency for Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Johnson Ellen , Frerich Ellen A. , Dillon Tara C. , Hoffman Sarah J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Recruiting, preparing, and retaining sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), particularly in rural and isolated areas, is increasingly difficult because of widespread emotional exhaustion and burnout among nurses. We describe our academic–clinical partnered development and initial outcomes from the ReImagine Clinical Residency. The residency is part of the larger Re LAB workforce program to support competency development and confidence building among current and future SANEs with limited experience.

Methods

SANEs were screened and enrolled in the residency for 1–2 weeks, participating in patient encounters at hospitals in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Preresidency and postresidency surveys were completed, including our SANE Practice Innovation Configuration Evaluation tool. Descriptive statistical and thematic analyses were conducted.

Results

Eleven SANEs completed the ReImagine Clinical Residency; most were early-career nurses working in healthcare provider shortage areas in the United States. Statistically significant pre–post improvements were observed in five of the six SANE Practice Innovation Configuration Evaluation components. Residents described valuing the hands-on experience, diverse clinical environments, and preceptor support.

Conclusion

Residency programs are essential for addressing the specific professional development needs of novice SANEs and those with limited patient encounters in their current practice settings. By providing structured, precepted experiences, these residencies can contribute to workforce retention and ultimately strengthen patient care for victim-survivors of sexual violence.