bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does the Citizen's Education Level Affect Their Internet Rights Protection Willingness? ——The Parallel Intermediary Effect of Digital Information Acquisition Ability and Utilization Ability
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Deng Yi , Meng Qingguo
Published: September 2023

Amid urban digital transformation, products and services have undergone extensive digitization, yielding convenience and benefits for residents. However, this rapid change has also posed challenges to individuals' online rights. Protecting these rights is not only legally essential but also crucial for nurturing digital economic growth. This investigation delves into the impact of education on people's inclination to uphold their online rights. It also explores the intermediary role of two key factors: the ability to acquire digital information and the skill to effectively utilize such information. The findings reveal three essential points: Firstly, education both have directly and indirectly positive influence on citizens' Internet rights protection willingness. Secondly, digital information acquisition ability and digital information utilization ability play a parallel intermediary role in education and Internet rights protection willingness. Thirdly, in comparison to the ability to utilize digital information, education has a more pronounced impact on the ability to acquire digital information. This study underscores the necessity for governmental bodies to assign significant importance to enhancing citizens' competence in both acquisition and utilization digital information. Such efforts are pivotal in bolstering individuals' determination to safeguard their Internet rights effectively.
Sulfur Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for the Electrochemical Detection of DNA Bases
Authors: Krishnan Pandia Rajathi Muthu , Sakthivel Arunkumar , Alwarappan Subbiah
Published: September 2023

Sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) was prepared by a thermal polymerization method using thiourea as a precursor. The as-prepared S-g-C3N4 was characterized by various surface probing techniques and employed as a platform for the electrochemical detection of DNA bases guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Effect of various buffers and pH essential for the selective and sensitive detection of all the DNA bases were also investigated. From the results, it was evident that PBS (pH 9.0) buffer is the best suitable medium for the DNA detection. A limit of detection of 13.22, 13.1, 37.7, and 14.61 μM (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 1.76, 2.41, 0.68 and 2.38 μA cm−2
μM−1corresponding to G, A, T and C respectively were noticed. Further, the proposed sensor was found to be linear in the range of 5–35 μM (G), 5–35 μM (A), 25–175 μM (T) and 25–175 μM (C). The proposed S-g-C3N4 modified electrode also exhibited a stable, selective and sensitive performance towards the detection of individual DNA base in the presence of other DNA bases.
A Novel Green Electrochemical Sensor Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles for Detection of Allura Red
Authors: Ehzari Hosna , Darvishi Elahe
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, the use of nano-sensors has been considered in order to detect various compounds. In the food industry, nano-sensors are used to detect toxins, microbes and various compounds. Allura red is a red azo dye that is used in health and cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. Azo dyes have toxic effects and can cause oxidative stress response and change the expression of different genes. Therefore, it is important to detect and determine its concentration. In this study, a simple and novel electrochemical sensor modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by the green method was fabricated and used for electrochemical detection of Allura Red in food samples. Surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposite modified electrode were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized conditions, the calibration plot was linear in the concentration renege of 0.01 μM to 0.41 μM, and the limit of detection was found to be 0.001 μM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for determination of Allura Red in food samples.
State of Charge Estimation of Supercapacitor Under Different Temperatures Using Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Fractional-Order Model
Authors: Liu Baicheng , Xu Yonghong , Zhang Hongguang , Zhang Jian , Yang Fubin , Wang Yan , Yang Hailong , Liu Zhuxian , Zheng Hao
Published: September 2023

With the rise of new energy vehicles, supercapacitors (SCs) have been used as energy storage components for new energy vehicles due to their high-power density and good low-temperature performance. Accurate modeling and state of charge estimation of SC can ensure the safe operation of new energy vehicles. In order to explore the low-temperature performance of supercapacitors, this paper proposes a dual ZARC fractional-order circuit model to simulate the dynamic characteristics of SC. Using adaptive genetic algorithm for SC parameter identification, the model terminal voltage error is less than 6.5 mV. In addition, the SOC of SC at different temperatures and working conditions is estimated by using the fractional-order particle filter (FOPF) method and compared with the fractional-order extended Kalman filter (FOEKF). The experimental results show that the FOPF method has high estimation accuracy and robustness. Under the temperature of minus 40 °C, the maximum mean absolute error and maximum root-mean-square deviation of SOC estimation under different working conditions are less than 2%, showing good low-temperature performance.
ATP promotes resident CD34+ cell migration mainly through P2Y2-Stim1-ERK/p38 pathway
Authors: Ma Ying , Han Chuting , Xie Cheng , Dang Qingya , Yang Liju , Li Yuan , Zhang Min , Cheng Jun , Yang Yan , Xu Qingbo , Li Pengyun
Published: September 2023

In this study, we observed that the purinergic receptor P2Y2 is critical in the regulation of vascular wall-resident CD34+ cells’ migration. ATP could activate STIM1-mediated extracellular Ca2+ entry by triggering STIM1 translocation to the plasma membrane, and knockdown of STIM1 prevented ERK/p38 activation-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell migration.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of adipocyte genes associated with NAFLD alters adipocyte lipid handling and reduces steatosis in hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Lopez-Yus Marta , Frendo-Cumbo Scott , del Moral-Bergos Raquel , Garcia-Sobreviela Maria Pilar , Bernal-Monterde Vanesa , Rydén Mikael , Lorente-Cebrian Silvia , Arbones-Mainar Jose M.
Published: September 2023

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology successfully edited genomic DNA of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC). SOCS3, SIK1, and DUSP1 regulate adipocyte lipid handling. Silencing SOCS3, SIK1, and DUSP1 expression in hADMSC-derived adipocytes reduces hepatocyte lipid storage in vitro.
Ponderings on peer review: Part 3. Grant critiques
Authors: Seals Douglas R.
Published: September 2023

In Part 1 of this Perspective, I discussed basic principles of scientific peer review. In Part 2, I focused specifically on the peer review of manuscripts. Here in Part 3, I complete the Perspective by sharing my thoughts on peer review of grant applications. I begin by emphasizing the goals of grant peer review and then describe the two-stage organizational structure involved. The objective of stage 1 of the process is to establish the scientific merit of the grant proposal. For that phase, I discuss grant review panels, reviewer qualifications and responsibilities, how reviewers are identified and selected, prereview meeting activities, activities during the review panel meeting, grant review criteria and scoring scales, and postmeeting activities. I also note two mechanisms that provide “prepeer review” advice and recommendations for grant applications under development. I then describe the events associated with stage 2 of the peer review process in which grant funding agencies consider application merit scores (from stage 1) along with other factors including their (the funding agency’s) research mission, priority areas of investigation, and available funds. Tips for early career reviewers are discussed next and include questions to ask before accepting a review assignment, the importance of following reviewer guidelines, considerations when working through applications, issues involved in writing the critique, scoring the application, and how to approach evaluating resubmitted grant applications. Finally, I identify options for gaining skills and experience in peer review of grant proposals.
The therapeutic role of inspiratory muscle training in the management of asthma: a narrative review
Authors: Sogard Abigail S. , Mickleborough Timothy D.
Published: September 2023

Asthma is a disorder of the airways characterized by chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and variable recurring airway obstruction. Treatment options for asthma include pharmacological strategies, whereas nonpharmacological strategies are limited. Established pharmacological approaches to treating asthma may cause unwanted side effects and do not always afford adequate protection against asthma, possibly because of an individual’s variable response to medications. A potential nonpharmacological intervention that is most available and cost effective is inspiratory muscle training (IMT), which is a technique targeted at increasing the strength and endurance of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration. Studies examining the impact of IMT on asthma have reported increases in inspiratory muscle strength and a reduction in the perception of dyspnea and medication use. However, because of the limited number of studies and discordant methods between studies more evidence is required to elucidate in individuals with asthma the efficacy of IMT on inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise capacity, asthma control, symptoms, and quality of life as well as in adolescents with differing severities of asthma. Large randomized controlled trials would be a significant step forward in clarifying the effectiveness of IMT in individuals with asthma. Although IMT may have favorable effects on inspiratory muscle strength, dyspnea, and medication use, the current evidence that IMT is an effective treatment for asthma is inconclusive.
Hypothetical Interventions on Diet Quality and Lifestyle Factors to Improve Breast Cancer Survival: The Pathways Study
Authors: Ergas Isaac J. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Roh Janise M. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Laraia Barbara , Madsen Kristine A. , Yao Song , Thomsen Catherine , Kushi Lawrence H.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The number of breast cancer survivors is increasing, yet evidence to inform dietary and lifestyle guidelines is limited.

Methods:

This analysis included 3,658 participants from the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. A healthy plant-based dietary index score (hPDI), an American Cancer Society (ACS) nutrition guidelines score, a 2015 Healthy Eating Index score (HEI), hours per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA), and lifetime cumulative pack-years of cigarette smoking (SM) were each measured at diagnosis, 6, 24, and 72 months. Using g-computation, 5- and 10-year risk ratios (RR), risk differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality under hypothetical interventions on diet quality, PA, and SM, compared with the natural course (no intervention) were calculated.

Results:

Hypothetical moderate to extreme interventions on hPDI, ACS, and HEI, each in combination with PA and SM, showed 11% to 56%, 9% to 38%, and 9% to 49% decreases in 5-year risks of all-cause mortality compared with no intervention, respectively [(hPDI: RRmoderate = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94; RRextreme = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.67), (ACS: RRmoderate = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.96; RRextreme = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.82), (HEI: RRmoderate = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.95; RRextreme = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33–0.72)]. While 10-year relative risks were slightly attenuated, absolute risk reductions were more pronounced.

Conclusions:

Interventions to improve diet quality, increase PA, or reduce SM at the time of diagnosis may improve survival among breast cancer survivors.

Impact:

We estimate that over 10% of deaths could be delayed by even moderate adoption of these behaviors.
Suppression of Tumor Cell Lactate-generating Signaling Pathways Eradicates Murine PTEN/p53-deficient Aggressive-variant Prostate Cancer via Macrophage Phagocytosis
Authors: Chaudagar Kiranj , Hieromnimon Hanna M. , Kelley Anne , Labadie Brian , Shafran Jordan , Rameshbabu Srikrishnan , Drovetsky Catherine , Bynoe Kaela , Solanki Ani , Markiewicz Erica , Fan Xiaobing , Loda Massimo , Patnaik Akash
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss-of-function/PI3K pathway hyperactivation is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes and immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance across multiple malignancies. Our prior studies in Pb-Cre;PTENfl/flTrp53fl/fl genetically engineered mice (GEM) with aggressive-variant prostate cancer (AVPC) demonstrated tumor growth control in 60% mice following androgen deprivation therapy/PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody combination, via abrogating lactate cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and suppression of histone lactylation (H3K18lac)/phagocytic activation within TAM. Here, we targeted immunometabolic mechanism(s) of PI3Ki resistance, with the goal of durable tumor control in AVPC.

Experimental Design:

Pb-Cre;PTENfl/flTrp53fl/fl GEM were treated with PI3Ki (copanlisib), MEK inhibitor (trametinib) or Porcupine inhibitor (LGK'974) singly or their combinations. MRI was used to monitor tumor kinetics and immune/proteomic profiling/ex vivo coculture mechanistic studies were performed on GEM tumors or corresponding tumor-derived cell lines.

Results:

Given our proteomic profiling showing persistent MEK signaling within tumors of PI3Ki-resistant GEM, we tested whether addition of trametinib to copanlisib enhances tumor control in GEM, and we observed 80% overall response rate via additive suppression of lactate within TME and H3K18lac within TAM, relative to copanlisib (37.5%) monotherapy. The 20% resistant mice demonstrated feedback Wnt/β-catenin activation, resulting in restoration of lactate secretion by tumor cells and H3K18lac within TAM. Cotargeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling with LGK'974 in combination with PI3Ki/MEKi, demonstrated durable tumor control in 100% mice via H3K18lac suppression and complete TAM activation.

Conclusions:

Abrogation of lactate-mediated cross-talk between cancer cells and TAM results in durable ADT-independent tumor control in PTEN/p53-deficient AVPC, and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
Dual Targeting of the PDZ1 and PDZ2 Domains of MDA-9/Syntenin Inhibits Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Pradhan Anjan K. , Modi Jinkal , Maji Santanu , Kumar Amit , Bhoopathi Praveen , Mannangatti Padmanabhan , Guo Chunqing , Afosah Daniel K. , Mochel Mark C. , Mukhopadhyay Nitai D. , Kirkwood John M. , Wang Xiang-Yang , Desai Umesh R. , Sarkar Devanand , Emdad Luni , Das Swadesh K. , Fisher Paul B.
Published: September 2023

Genome-wide gene expression analysis and animal modeling indicate that melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (mda-9, Syntenin, Syndecan binding protein, referred to as MDA-9/Syntenin) positively regulates melanoma metastasis. The MDA-9/Syntenin protein contains two tandem PDZ domains serving as a nexus for interactions with multiple proteins that initiate transcription of metastasis-associated genes. Although targeting either PDZ domain abrogates signaling and prometastatic phenotypes, the integrity of both domains is critical for full biological function. Fragment-based drug discovery and NMR identified PDZ1i, an inhibitor of the PDZ1 domain that effectively blocks cancer invasion in vitro and in vivo in multiple experimental animal models. To maximize disruption of MDA-9/Syntenin signaling, an inhibitor has now been developed that simultaneously binds and blocks activity of both PDZ domains. PDZ1i was joined to the second PDZ binding peptide (TNYYFV) with a PEG linker, resulting in PDZ1i/2i (IVMT-Rx-3) that engages both PDZ domains of MDA-9/Syntenin. IVMT-Rx-3 blocks MDA-9/Syntenin interaction with Src, reduces NF-κB activation, and inhibits MMP-2/MMP-9 expression, culminating in repression of melanoma metastasis. The in vivo antimetastatic properties of IVMT-Rx-3 are enhanced when combined with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor. Collectively, our results support the feasibility of engineering MDA-9 dual-PDZ inhibitors with enhanced antimetastatic activities and applications of IVMT-Rx-3 for developing novel therapeutic strategies effectively targeting melanoma and in principle, a broad spectrum of human cancers that also overexpress MDA-9/Syntenin.
Mobilidades turísticas: debates e estudos contemporâneos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Allis Thiago , Catalano Bárbara ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Moraes Camila Maria dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Published: September 2023

Esta coletânea de textos se propõe a iluminar dimensões das (i)mobilidades – de pessoas, objetos, imagens, imaginários, mensagens – em uma interface com temas e questões do universo do turismo. Para tanto, parte do reconhecimento e da aplicação de enfoques teórico-metodológicos derivados no chamado "giro" ou "virada das mobilidades". A obra é um dos muitos resultados do constante exercício de integração acadêmica interinstitucional e internacional, com um esforço de consolidação e expansão de redes de colaboração na produção científica em turismo e mobilidades. Dos três organizadores, dois estão no Brasil (EACH-USP e Unirio) e uma na Argentina (Universidad Provincial de Córdoba). Assim, a proposta do livro nasce do encontro e engajamento de pesquisadores e pesquisadoras que se debruçaram de maneira específica sobre o estudo das mobilidades turísticas, tendo por referência a agenda de trabalho do Grupo de Pesquisa Mobilidades e Turismo, baseado na Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH-USP). Publicar este livro no Brasil e em português é uma forma de gerar conteúdo ancorado nas manifestações localizadas do fenômeno, mas sem perder uma perspectiva de contribuição global – inclusive como recurso pedagógico para o estudo e o ensino do turismo em etapas iniciais de formação de estudantes e futuros pesquisadores e pesquisadoras.
2023 American Heart Association Focused Update on the Management of Patients With Cardiac Arrest or Life-Threatening Toxicity Due to Poisoning: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Lavonas Eric J. , Akpunonu Peter D. , Arens Ann M. , Babu Kavita M. , Cao Dazhe , Hoffman Robert S. , Hoyte Christopher O. , Mazer-Amirshahi Maryann E. , Stolbach Andrew , St-Onge Maude , Thompson Trevonne M. , Wang George Sam , Hoover Amber V. , Drennan Ian R. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association
Published: September 2023

In this focused update, the American Heart Association provides updated guidance for resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and refractory shock due to poisoning. Based on structured evidence reviews, guidelines are provided for the treatment of critical poisoning from benzodiazepines, β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (also known as β-blockers),
L
-type calcium channel antagonists (commonly called calcium channel blockers), cocaine, cyanide, digoxin and related cardiac glycosides, local anesthetics, methemoglobinemia, opioids, organophosphates and carbamates, sodium channel antagonists (also called sodium channel blockers), and sympathomimetics. Recommendations are also provided for the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These guidelines discuss the role of atropine, benzodiazepines, calcium, digoxin-specific immune antibody fragments, electrical pacing, flumazenil, glucagon, hemodialysis, hydroxocobalamin, hyperbaric oxygen, insulin, intravenous lipid emulsion, lidocaine, methylene blue, naloxone, pralidoxime, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, vasodilators, and vasopressors for the management of specific critical poisonings.
DNA Damage and Nuclear Morphological Changes in Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Mediated by SNRK Through Actin Depolymerization
Authors: Stanczyk Paulina J. , Tatekoshi Yuki , Shapiro Jason S. , Nayudu Krithika , Chen Yihan , Zilber Zachary , Schipma Matthew , De Jesus Adam , Mahmoodzadeh Amir , Akrami Ashley , Chang Hsiang-Chun , Ardehali Hossein
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Proper nuclear organization is critical for cardiomyocyte function, because global structural remodeling of nuclear morphology and chromatin structure underpins the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Previous reports have implicated a role for DNA damage in cardiac hypertrophy; however, the mechanism for this process is not well delineated. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) family of proteins regulates metabolism and DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we examine whether a member of this family, SNRK (SNF1-related kinase), which plays a role in cardiac metabolism, is also involved in hypertrophic remodeling through changes in DDR and structural properties of the nucleus.

METHODS:

We subjected cardiac-specific
Snrk
–/–
mice to transaortic banding to assess the effect on cardiac function and DDR. In parallel, we modulated SNRK in vitro and assessed its effects on DDR and nuclear parameters. We also used phosphoproteomics to identify novel proteins that are phosphorylated by SNRK. Last, coimmunoprecipitation was used to verify Destrin (DSTN) as the binding partner of SNRK that modulates its effects on the nucleus and DDR.

RESULTS:

Cardiac-specific
Snrk
–/–
mice display worse cardiac function and cardiac hypertrophy in response to transaortic banding, and an increase in DDR marker pH2AX (phospho-histone 2AX) in their hearts. In addition, in vitro
Snrk
knockdown results in increased DNA damage and chromatin compaction, along with alterations in nuclear flatness and 3-dimensional volume. Phosphoproteomic studies identified a novel SNRK target, DSTN, a member of F-actin depolymerizing factor proteins that directly bind to and depolymerize F-actin. SNRK binds to DSTN, and DSTN downregulation reverses excess DNA damage and changes in nuclear parameters, in addition to cellular hypertrophy, with SNRK knockdown. We also demonstrate that SNRK knockdown promotes excessive actin depolymerization, measured by the increased ratio of G-actin to F-actin. Last, jasplakinolide, a pharmacological stabilizer of F-actin, rescues the increased DNA damage and aberrant nuclear morphology in SNRK-downregulated cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results indicate that SNRK is a key player in cardiac hypertrophy and DNA damage through its interaction with DSTN. This interaction fine-tunes actin polymerization to reduce DDR and maintain proper cardiomyocyte nuclear shape and morphology.
Sleeping Difficulties, Sleep Duration, and Risk of Hypertension in Women
Authors: Haghayegh Shahab , Strohmaier Susanne , Hamaya Rikuta , Eliassen A. Heather , Willett Walter C. , Rimm Eric B. , Schernhammer Eva S.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Rates of poor sleep and hypertension are alarming worldwide. In this study, we investigate the association between sleeping difficulties and sleep duration with hypertension risk in women.

METHODS:

Sixty-six thousand one hundred twenty-two participants of the Nurses’ Health Study 2, who were free of hypertension at baseline (2001), were followed prospectively for 16 years and incident hypertension assessed every 2 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for hypertension incidence associated with sleeping difficulties and sleep duration.

RESULTS:

During follow-up, we documented 25 987 incident cases of hypertension. After controlling for demographic and lifestyle risk factors, compared with women who slept 7 to 8 hours, women with shorter sleep duration had a significantly higher risk of hypertension (≤5 hours: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05–1.16]; 6 hours: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03–1.10]), whereas the risk for women with longer sleep duration was not statistically significant (9 hours: HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.97–1.10]; >9 hours: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.94–1.23]). Compared with women rarely having difficulty falling or staying asleep, women sometimes or usually having these sleep difficulties had significantly higher risk of developing hypertension (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.11–1.17] and 1.28 [95% CI, 1.22–1.35];
P
trend
<0.001). Early morning awakening was not associated with hypertension risk (
P
trend
=0.722). There was no effect modification by night work or chronotype.

CONCLUSIONS:

Difficulty falling or staying asleep and short sleep duration were associated with higher risk of hypertension among women in our study. Screening for poor sleep could be useful in identifying people at higher risk for hypertension.
Repair of Aortic Regurgitation in Young Adults: Sooner Rather Than Later
Authors: Barradas‐Pires Ana , Merás Pablo , Constantine Andrew , Costola Giulia , de la Cal Teresa Segura , Rafiq Isma , Kempny Aleksander , Li Wei , Babu‐Narayan Sonya V. , Hoschtitzky J. Andreas , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Rubio Antonio Martinez , Dimopoulos Konstantinos
Published: September 2023

Background

Establishing surgical criteria for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in severe aortic regurgitation in young adults is challenging due to the lack of evidence‐based recommendations. We studied indications for AVR in young adults with severe aortic regurgitation and their outcomes, as well as the relationship between presurgical echocardiographic parameters and postoperative left ventricular (LV) size, function, clinical events, and valve‐related complications.

Methods and Results

Data were collected retrospectively on 172 consecutive adult patients who underwent AVR or repair for severe aortic regurgitation between 2005 and 2019 in a tertiary cardiac center (age at surgery 29 [22–41] years, 81% male). One‐third underwent surgery before meeting guideline indications. Postsurgery, 65% achieved LV size and function normalization. LV ejection fraction showed no significant change from baseline. A higher presurgical LV end‐systolic diameter correlated with a lack of LV normalization (odds ratio per 1‐cm increase 2.81,
P
<0.01). The baseline LV end‐systolic diameter cut‐off for predicting lack of LV normalization was 43 mm. Pre‐ and postoperative LV dimensions and postoperative LV ejection fraction predicted clinical events during follow‐up. Prosthetic valve‐related complications occurred in 20.3% during an average 5.6‐year follow‐up. Freedom from aortic reintervention was 98%, 96.5%, and 85.4% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively.

Conclusions

Young adult patients with increased baseline LV end‐systolic diameter or prior cardiac surgery are less likely to achieve LV normalization after AVR. Clinicians should carefully balance the long‐term benefits of AVR against procedural risks and future interventions, especially in younger patients. Evidence‐based criteria for AVR in severe aortic regurgitation in young adults are crucial to improve outcomes.
Experiences of psychological analysis of Boris Pasternak's poem “Snow is Falling”
Authors: Sobkin V.S.
Published: September 2023

Background. The comprehension of deep psychological meanings of art by means of, on the one hand, “reading” into the text, and, on the other hand, "reading out" the author's meanings appears to be one of the most profound and multifaceted ways of manifesting the psychology of art today. The author's view on Pasternak's poem “Snow is Falling” opens up the possibility to touch the multilevel meanings of the work and to demonstrate the ways of text analysis at different angles. Objective. Psychological analysis of the content of the poem by B. Pasternak “Snow is Falling”, including the analysis of the influence of such aspects as multiple meanings of words, use of color, spatial and temporal characteristics, rhythm on understanding the meaning is the scope of the work. Methods. The structural analysis of the poetic text and psychological interpretation of the meaning of poetic statements were used. Results. The peculiarity of the methods of “meaning montage” based on the use of multiple meanings of words was analyzed. It is shown how the multiple meanings of the word allow the author to justify thematic transitions in the development of the poem content. Psychological analysis of uniting separate lines into the rhythmical totality on the reader's orientation in pointing out the semantic dominant in the text of the poem has been carried out. The phenomenon of “keeping” and reproducing personal experiences with the help of certain rhythmically organized structures of the text, when rhythmically designed structure acts as a special sign means (like a “knot for memory”) to fix significant life experiences at subconscious level was characterized. Conclusions. The influence of the phenomenon of “word double meanings” both on the actualization of the state of personal problematization in the lyrical hero of the poem and on the inclusion of elements of the poet's life context, their “infusion”, into the semantic structure of the text has been recorded. The possibility of using the principles of color preference analysis by M. Lusher methodology for meaningful interpretation of changes in psychological states of the lyrical hero in the course of the plot development is shown.
A new Cephennodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) of C. lustricollis group from East China
Authors: FENG TING , YIN ZI-WEI
Published: September 2023

The C. lustricollis group of the scydmaenine genus Cephennodes Reitter was previously represented by three species distributed in northern Vietnam and China (Hong Kong and Guizhou). Here we describe a fourth member, Cephennodes gusu sp. nov., collected from Qionglong Mountain, Suzhou, eastern China. The new species is characterized by its moderately large body size, the punctation of the head, pronotum and elytra, and the structure of the aedeagus. It is also the first record of the subfamily Scydmaeninae in Jiangsu Province.
New and little-known Isotominae (Collembola, Isotomidae) from South Africa
Authors: JANION-SCHEEPERS CHARLENE , POTAPOV MIKHAIL , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: September 2023

Three new species, Parisotoma ruseki sp. nov., P. yehlathi sp. nov., and Folsomotoma amyliuae sp. nov. are described from South Africa. Parisotoma ruseki sp. nov. is characterized by four posterior s-chaetae on each side of the three first abdominal segments and seven posterior chaetae on dens, Parisotoma yehlathi sp. nov. by five s-chaetae and eight chaetae on dens, respectively. All s-chaetae on the body of Folsomotoma amyliuae sp. nov. are short, unlike its congeners. The genera Folsomotoma and Halisotoma are recorded for the first time in South Africa.
Analysing the Likelihood of and Market Reaction to Reverse Stock Splits in India
Authors: Nayyar Reena , Dhamija Sanjay , Mehta Chhavi
Published: September 2023

The study analysed the factors that motivated Indian companies to pursue reverse stock splits strategy. The article also aimed at examining the market reaction around the announcement and effective dates of reverse stock splits. Analysing the reverse stock splits pursued by Indian companies during the period 2002–2022, it was found that poor growth opportunities in the past were the main reasons for Indian companies pursuing reverse stock splits. Further, reverse stock splits were chosen by the companies whose stocks were trading as penny stocks, in the pre-split period. Here, the motivation was to improve the image of their stocks amongst the institutional investors. Realizing these value-improving motives on part of the companies adopting reverse stock splits, the market participants reacted positively to the news of reverse stock splits on the announcement as well as the effective date. Thus, the study supported positive signalling theory and image improvement theory as the rationales for Indian companies pursuing reverse stock splits and the resultant positive market reaction.
Customer’s Dilemma: Lease or Buy?
Authors: Miryala Narender , Kiran A Sai , Jella Sandeep
Published: September 2023

The concept of personal vehicle leasing is not new, as it has existed for a long time and has been quite popular in developed markets. However, this idea was relatively novel to the Indian market when it made its entry in 2018. Car manufacturers such as Hyundai and Mahindra had previously ventured into this segment through tie-ups with start-ups, and the latest auto manufacturer to follow suit was India’s largest automaker, Maruti Suzuki. While Suzuki had prior experience with venture leasing restricted to corporates, it had not achieved much success. Nonetheless, this time, it was exploring personal vehicle leasing as an alternative way to promote vehicle ownership. The case describes the predicament faced by an average Indian auto customer when making a capital investment decision regarding car ownership. There were three options available to prospective owners: (a) leasing the car, (b) purchasing the car with their own capital or (c) buying a car through an auto loan with a required down payment. The objective of this case is to resolve the dilemma of a prospective car buyer by thoroughly analysing the three available alternatives from various financial perspectives and reaching a plausible decision. To arrive at the most suitable choice, this case takes into account factors such as the time value of money, opportunity cost, applicable interest rates, insurance costs, time horizon and the frequency of compounding for each option.
The Effect of Mindfulness Practice on Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Goyal Pragati , Chandra Mina , Rushi  , Choudhary Mona
Published: September 2023

Background:

Adolescents experience various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral issues for which there is emerging evidence for mindfulness-based interventions, but these have not been investigated with Indian adolescents.

Objectives:

To study the impact of mindfulness practices on attention, perceived stress, emotional competence, and mental health among high school adolescents.

Method:

A single group theme-based 4-week (12 sessions) mindfulness intervention program was conducted on school-going adolescents with a pre-post scale-based assessment design.

Results:

Thirty-nine out of 45 recruited participants (mean age 15.9 ± 0.56 years; M:F = 2:1) completed the study with high session attendance rates (82.05%–100%). On a paired t-test, there was a significant improvement on the Digit Letter Substitution Test ( p < .001), the Perceived Stress Scale ( p < .001), and three subscales of the Emotional Competencies Scale-Revised ( p < .001–.004). Analysis of non-normal data on the Wilcoxon sign-ranked test revealed significant improvement in the Adequate Depth of Feeling subscale of Emotional Competence ( p < .001) and all subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Teacher Version ( p < .001–.048)

Conclusion:

The results indicate that formal mindfulness-based practices for adolescents have significant psychological benefits. Further randomized controlled effectiveness trials are required to establish effectiveness in the non-clinical adolescent population.
Barriers and Facilitators Related to Nasal Injury Among Preterm Neonates in Selected Neonatal Units of a Tertiary Care Centre, North India
Authors: Sandhu Monica , Kaur Rupinder , Kalyan Geetanjli , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Preterm neonates require Non-invasive Respiratory Support (NiRS) because of underdeveloped lungs to administer pressurized oxygen for a long duration. The interface used to deliver NiRS can cause pressure injury at the nasal surface, septum, and bridge. Preterm neonates are more vulnerable to such injuries due to immature skin and septum. It is the responsibility of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to prevent nasal injury through the implementation of evidence-based practices and innovative techniques to secure nasal interfaces.

Objectives

(1) To find out the barriers and facilitators related to nasal injury among preterm neonates in selected neonatal units of a Tertiary Care Centre, in North India. (2) To seek the remedial measures suggested by HCPs to prevent nasal injury.

Methodology

After obtaining permission from the head of the department of neonatology, covert participatory observations related to existing practices were made using an observation checklist. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with HCPs (Nursing Officers-43 and Physicians-10) and audio-recorded. Out of the total of eight FGDs, three were conducted with physicians in a group of 2–4 members and the remaining five with nursing officers in a group of 8–9 members, each of 15–20 min duration. FGD guide was used as a tool to guide the discussion. The qualitative data were analyzed by using Van Manen’s approach.

Result

The barriers identified were related to supplies, staff, and administration. Supplies include limited hospital supply of RAM cannula, reuse of hard ethylene oxide sterilized RAM cannula, lack of adequate size head caps; staff includes lack of awareness regarding the implications and effect of nasal injury among healthcare professionals, variable documentation of nasal injury; administration: no standard guidelines and lack of regular audits to prevent nasal injury. The facilitator suggested were motivated healthcare professionals. Suggested remedial measures were the availability of appropriate size RAM cannula, stockinette head caps, self-motivation, frequent inspection and early identification of nasal injury, staff education, and standard protocol of measures for nasal injury prevention.

Conclusion

There are concrete barriers and limited facilitators. There is a need to incorporate the suggested remedial measures to address barriers to preventing nasal injury among preterm neonates.
Fewer native and periprosthetic femoral fracture patients receive an orthogeriatric review and expedited surgery compared to hip fracture patients
Authors: Farhan-Alanie Muhamed M , Jonas Sam C , Gallacher Daniel , Whitehouse Michael R , Chesser Tim JS
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Disproportionate emphasis has been attributed to hip fracture over other femoral fractures through implementation of Best Practice Tariff (BPT). This retrospective comparative observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of native and periprosthetic femoral fractures and establish any disparities in their management relative to hip fractures.

Methods:

All patients ⩾60 years admitted with a native or periprosthetic femoral fracture during July 2016–June 2018 were identified using our hospital database. Results were compared to National Hip Fracture Database data over the same period.

Results:

58 native femoral, 87 periprosthetic and 1032 hip fractures were identified. (46/58) 79% and 76/87 (89%) of native and periprosthetic femoral fractures were managed operatively. Surgery was performed <36 hours for 34/46 (74%) of native femoral and 33/76 (43%) of periprosthetic fractures compared to 826/1032 (80%) for hips. Median time to surgery was longer in periprosthetic femoral than hip fracture patients (44.7 vs. 21.6 hours; p  < 0.0001). Orthogeriatrician review occurred in 24/58 (41%) and 48/87 (55%) of native and periprosthetic fractures compared to 1017/1032 (99%) for hips ( p  < 0.0001). One year mortality was 35%, 20% and 26% for native femoral, periprosthetic and hip fracture patients. Cox proportional hazard ratio was higher for native femoral than hip fracture patients (1.75; 95% CI, 1.12–2.73).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates large disparities in management of other femoral and periprosthetic fractures compared to hip fractures, specifically time to surgery and orthogeriatrician review. This may have resulted in the comparatively higher mortality rate of native femoral fracture patients. Expansion of the BPT to include the whole femur is likely to improve outcomes.
Association of affected and non-affected side ability with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Nozaki Kohei , Nanri Yuta , Kawabata Masashi , Shibuya Manaka , Nihei Manami , Shirota Takehiro , Masuma Hiroyoshi , Maeda Takuya , Fukushima Kensuke , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi
Published: September 2023

Background:

Although several reports have examined the association between preoperative function and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), it is unclear whether the ability of the affected or non-affected side particularly impacts on outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association between affected and non-affected side ability and walking independence.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled 721 consecutive patients who underwent THA. Preoperatively, quadriceps isometric strength (QIS) and one-leg standing time (OLST) were measured. The endpoints were walking independence within 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days postoperatively. The associations between preoperative abilities and outcomes were examined using multivariate Cox hazard model, and the area under the curves (AUCs) for outcomes were compared.

Results:

We analysed 540 patients after excluding patients who met the exclusion criteria. Both affected and non-affected QIS predicted walking independence within 3 ( p  = 0.006 and 0.001, respectively), 5, 7, 10, and 14 (both p  < 0.001) days postoperatively. For OLST, only the affected side did not predict walking independence within 3 days postoperatively ( p  = 0.154 and 0.012, respectively), and both sides did at days 5 ( p  = 0.019 and <0.001, respectively), 7, 10, and 14 (both p  < 0.001). The AUCs of the non-affected side ability for walking independence were significantly greater than those of the affected side on postoperative days 3 (0.66 vs. 0.73; p  = 0.021) and 5 (0.67 vs. 0.71; p  = 0.040), with no significant difference after day 7.

Conclusions:

Both sides abilities were associated with walking independence after THA, but non-affected side was found to be particularly crucial for early walking independence.
Something for Everyone? Addressing Conservative Opposition to Universal Basic Income Programmes
Authors: Wooldridge Colin D. , Johnson Andrew F. , Roberto Katherine J.
Published: September 2023

Trial universal basic income (UBI) programmes in developing nations around the world have yielded positive results with respect to individual health outcomes, income, women’s empowerment, decreased child labour and much more. Concomitantly, UBI trials provide evidence that fears that UBI decreases labour force participation are based more on classist mythology than reality, and, rather, increases employment. Despite these promising results, implementation of UBI programmes will mean overcoming significant partisan political forces. As such, the focus of this commentary is to explore the most prominent barrier to the implementation of UBI programmes in both developing and wealthy nations, namely, conservative political opposition. UBI programmes are generally promoted by liberal politicians and implemented in liberal jurisdictions. However, these programmes can advance outcomes aligned with conservative principles. We chronicle the current and historical conservative opposition to UBI and argue for UBI programmes using common conservative talking points, positioning them as holistic market-based solutions to counter fragmented social services, means to foster vocational opportunities and a catalyst to promote economic growth. A discussion of how reframing UBI programmes to align with conservative principles alters attitudes towards UBI is included. The acceptance of UBI programmes across the political spectrum is paramount for achieving widespread implementation.
Social Psychological Perspectives on Political Polarization: Insights and Implications for Climate Change
Authors: Cole Jennifer C. , Gillis Ash J. , van der Linden Sander , Cohen Mark A. , Vandenbergh Michael P.
Published: September 2023

Political polarization is a barrier to enacting policy solutions to global issues. Social psychology has a rich history of studying polarization, and there is an important opportunity to define and refine its contributions to the present political realities. We do so in the context of one of the most pressing modern issues: climate change. We synthesize the literature on political polarization and its applications to climate change, and we propose lines of further research and intervention design. We focus on polarization in the United States, examining other countries when literature was available. The polarization literature emphasizes two types of mechanisms of political polarization: (1) individual-level psychological processes related to political ideology and (2) group-level psychological processes related to partisan identification. Interventions that address group-level processes can be more effective than those that address individual-level processes. Accordingly, we emphasize the promise of interventions leveraging superordinate identities, correcting misperceived norms, and having trusted leaders communicate about climate change. Behavioral interventions like these that are grounded in scientific research are one of our most promising tools to achieve the behavioral wedge that we need to address climate change and to make progress on other policy issues.
Do Retail Evolution Theories Explain Wholesalers’ Responses in Emerging Economies? Evidence from a Wholesale Market in Northern India
Authors: Aithal Rajesh K. , Maurya Harshit , Satyam
Published: September 2023

Traditional retail markets, such as wholesale markets, continue to be a significant distribution channel across emerging economies. These channel intermediaries are facing unprecedented changes in their retail environments and responding to them to endure. However, these responses are not adequately captured in the extant literature. This study attempts to fill this gap by documenting the responses of wholesalers in one of the oldest markets in northern India and mapping their responses to theories of retail change. The study uses a qualitative approach consisting of in-depth, semi-structured interviews and direct observations. Five themes, that is, the business-mix shift, business expansion and diversification, additional services, improved infrastructure and use of technology, emerged from the wholesalers’ responses to the changes in the retail environment. These responses can be mapped back to four popular retail change theories. Cumulatively, these theories can explain all the responses by wholesalers; however, none of the retail change theories in isolation is sufficient to explain all responses. This study contributes to understanding the evolution and change of a traditional retail marketing system. It also presents a few interesting questions for future research.