bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A tragédia de Mari”
Authors: Santos Maria Clyvia Martins dos , Mitidiero Junior Marco Antonio
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho pretende contribuir com o estudo da luta pela terra no Brasil, dando ênfase a atuação das Ligas Camponesas no município de Mari-PB. Procuramos neste trabalho investigar a partir da história territorial desse município, a chamada “Tragédia de Mari”, a qual é produto da estrutura agrária brasileira, marcada pela alta concentração de terras de um lado, e camponeses sem terra, do outro. Esse quadro desigual tem gerado historicamente a violência desenfreada no campo brasileiro, atingindo aos que resistem e lutam por condições melhores de sobrevivência. É nesse contexto de resistência que se insere a chamada “tragédia de Mari” ocorrida em 15 de janeiro de 1964. Neste fatídico dia, os camponeses de Mari foram os alvos da ação comandada pelo latifúndio, e reagindo contra as agressões deram início ao confronto que resultou em mortes e feridos.
Spatial Distribution of Mass and Speed on Movement of Two Shrapnel Discs of Variable Thickness in Explosive Load
Authors: Sydorenko Yuryi M. , Semon Bohdan Jo , Yakovenko Vadim V. , Ryzhov Yevhen V. , Ivanyk Eugene G.
Published: October 2020

Results of studies of the explosive expansion of a set of shrapnel discs of natural crushing are described in the article. Set consisted of two disks of different thickness, but of a fixed total mass. The studies were carried out by computer simulation of shock-wave processes in a continuous formulation using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA program. The program of computer design foresees development of three-dimensional certainly-element model including, in accordance with symmetry of the examined system fourth part of the examined explosive system of casting block, with imposed on its knots of the proper scopes terms concerted with taken mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian approach within the framework of the continuum model. The effect of the order of installing disks of different thickness on the distribution of their mass and its velocity in the middle of the meridional angle of expansion is established. The analysis of the computer simulation presented on the basis of numerical studies on the distribution of the mass of the disks and its velocity of motion suggests that to create a narrow high-speed uniformly filled fragmentary mass of the axial flow, it is necessary to change the geometric shape of the disc so that in the central angular zones of the disks. This allows the velocity of the fragment mass to be aligned along the radius of the discs and to fill the first angular zones with the required mass of fragments.
Thermo mechanical and Control Behaviour of Copper based Shape Memory Alloy Bimorph Actuator towards the Development of Micro Positioning System
Authors: Muralidharan M. , Jayachandran S. , Yogeshwaran M. , Shivaani A. S. , Palani I. A.
Published: October 2020

A shape memory alloy (SMA) bimorph actuator is a composite structure composed of flexible polyimide substrate and SMA thin film deposited using thermal evaporation technique. In this work, the substrate thickness in the range of 25 - 75 mm was selected for the development of CuAlNiMn SMA bimorph actuator. An investigation on the control behavior of copper based SMA bimorph towards the development of micro positioning system has been performed. The actuation behavior of the SMA bimorph was studied using electrical actuation. Subsequently, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller was designed to control the bimorph actuator with proper tuning of gain parameters. The displacement of the bimorph actuator was controlled through dedicated experimental setup consisted of laser displacement sensor, data acquisition system and LabVIEW software. The CuAlNiMn SMA bimorph actuator resulted in a satisfying control performance which can be extended to MEMS applications. A preliminary prototype of the SMA bimorph actuator based micro positioning system has been developed.
Power Spectral Density Computation and Dominant Frequencies Identification from the Vibration Sensor Output under Random Vibration Environment
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Thomas Tessy , Lakshmi Bopanna
Published: October 2020

The objective of the modal and spectral analysis is to determine the vibration characteristics of structures such as natural frequencies, dominant frequencies and mode shapes. Such modal and spectral analyses have major relevance to the study of the dynamic properties of the structures undergoing dynamic vibration. Methods for the estimation of the power spectral density and identification of the dominant frequencies from the sensor responses under random vibrating environment are presented in this paper. Periodogram using FFT, Welch Method and MUSIC algorithm are used to analyse the known frequency sinusoids with additive white noise and output of the vibration sensor mounted on the test object. The resultant spectra obtained using the methods and their corresponding errors with the reference spectrum are analysed. The Welch method is further studied with three different windows, namely, Hann, Hamming and Blackman-Harris and with three different overlapping criteria viz. 0%, 25% and 50%. The same algorithm and methodology were adopted and compared in two different platforms: Mathematical Model Simulation and Hardware-In-Loop-Simulation. It is observed from the results that Welch Method with 25% overlap used in combination either with Hann or Blackman-Harris window yields more accurate results, compared to other combinations. Also, 25% overlap provides better execution time trade-off compared to 50% overlap.
Analysis and Prediction of Alerts in Perimeter Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Aggarwal Rizul , Goswami Anjali , Kumar Jitender , Chullai Gwyneth Abdiel
Published: October 2020

Perimeter surveillance systems play an important role in the safety and security of the armed forces. These systems tend to generate alerts in advent of anomalous situations, which require human intervention. The challenge is the generation of false alerts or alert flooding which makes these systems inefficient. In this paper, we focus on short-term as well as long-term prediction of alerts in the perimeter intrusion detection system. We have explored the dependent and independent aspects of the alert data generated over a period of time. Short-term prediction is realized by exploiting the independent aspect of data by narrowing it down to a time-series problem. Time-series analysis is performed by extracting the statistical information from the historical alert data. A dual-stage approach is employed for analyzing the time-series data and support vector regression is used as the regression technique. It is helpful to predict the number of alerts for the nth hour. Additionally, to understand the dependent aspect, we have investigated that the deployment environment has an impact on the alerts generated. Long-term predictions are made by extracting the features based on the deployment environment and training the dataset using different regression models. Also, we have compared the predicted and expected alerts to recognize anomalous behaviour. This will help in realizing the situations of alert flooding over the potential threat.
Self heating Effects in GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor for Different Passivation Material
Authors: Chander Subhash , Singh Partap , Gupta Samuder , Rawal D. S. , Gupta Mridula
Published: October 2020

In this paper effect of self-heating has been studied of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) for different passivation layers which is promising device for high power at high frequencies. The different passivation layers used are aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). The device GaN HEMT has been simulated and characterised for its thermal behaviour by the distribution of lattice temperature inside the device using device simulation tool ATLAS from SILVACO. The transfer and output characteristics with and without self-heating has been studied for electrical characterisation. The channel temperature for different passivation observed is 448 K, 456 K and 471 K forAl2O3, SiN and SiO2 respectively. The observed different temperatures are due to difference in their thermal conductivity. This channel temperature information is critical to study the reliability of the device at high power levels.
Cathodoluminescence Studies of Nanoindented CdZnTe Single Crystal Substrates for Analysis of Residual Stresses and Deformation Behaviour
Authors: Sharma Hemant Kumar , Saxena Raghvendra Sahai , Gokhale Aditya , Kapoor Ashok , Prasad Rajesh , Sharma Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Nanoindentation-induced residual stresses were analysed on (111) Te face CdZnTe single-crystal substrates in this study. CdZnTe substrates were subjected to nanoindentation using cube corner indenter geometry with a peak load of 10 mN. Loading rates of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s were used in the experiments, with a holding time of 10 s at peak load. Residual stresses on the indented region were analysed from load-displacement curves and explained using dislocation generation and elastic recovery mechanisms. Residual stresses were found to be of compressive type, just on the indented surface. The slip lines along the slip directions of this material were clearly visible in the FE-SEM images of the indents. Indents and surrounding surfaces were characterized using the Cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. CL mapping of the indented surface revealed the dislocation generation and their propagation behaviour just beneath the indenter as well as in the surrounding surfaces. The dislocations act as non-radiative recombination centres and quench the CL intensity locally. Dark lines were explained as the presence of dislocations in the material. CL mapping analysis shows that both the rosette glide and tetrahedral glide of dislocations are the primary deformation mechanisms present in CdZnTe. A rosette structure was observed in the CL mapping. CL spectra at 300 K of un-deformed CdZnTe show a peak at 810 nm wavelength, which corresponds to near-band-edge emission. After indentation, the CL spectra show the peak intensity at 814 nm and 823 nm wavelengths at the edge of the indents created with a loading rate of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s, respectively. These peak shifts from 810 nm were attributed to the tensile residual stresses present in the indented material.
Negotiating Debt
Authors: Tsui Sit , Xiaohu Yan
Published: October 2020

Originally set up in 1998 in China, the Puhan Rural Community was the first peasant-initiated, cross-village organization established after the collapse of the top-down people's communes and the implementation of the household responsibility system. Puhan learned a lesson about the exploitation of usurious microfinance and decided that it was capable of establishing a system of mutual aid credit by itself, changing the cultural emphasis on money. Its story of struggling with rural financial organizations opens up a debate on the trap of marketization and monetization, the root causes of loans and debts, the negotiating power of collectives, the production mode of ecological agriculture, and the redefinition of the commonwealth.
KASLI ART CASTINGS IN THE IMAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Shabalina N
Published: October 2020

In the XX century architectural and artistic traditions casting continued to evolve and be enriched with new developments designs and models. The experience of the monumental decorative art in the urban environment fruitful and worthy of study and creative thinking. The author refers to the experience of architectural and construction activity in Chelyabinsk 70-80-ies of XX century – the objects of public civil buildings in which decorative components were important compositional and figurative meaning. Combinations of the various modules of artistic casting allowed designers to create images of the original decorative compositions architectural and environmental objects, as their distinctive markers.
DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF A ROOF TRUSS DURING THE PROCESS OF FREE STRUCTURALLY NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ufimtsev E , Voronina M
Published: October 2020

A mathematical model of construction of the total mechanical energy of a discrete statically loaded dissipative system in the process of free oscillations in the form the time analysis method, which is based on the study of the characteristic quadratic matrix equation, was given. The features of the behavior of the parameters of the dynamic response when the elastic structurally nonlinear system to a new state was shown. It is also given the expressions to determine the kinematic (displacements, velocities, accelerations) and force (restoring, dissipative and inertial forces) parameters of the dynamic response. The criteria for assessing the load bearing capacity of the structure at the non-linear operation was suggested. Using a mathematical model is illustrated by the example of the calculation of flat steel statically indeterminate roof truss during the process of free oscillations, which was caused by a sudden failure of one of the bearing elements. Turning off the rod caused by the loss of strength as a result of chemical cracking due to corrosion effect.
THE STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF CRACKS IN WALLS OF THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Authors:   South Ural State University, branch in Zlatoust, Russian Federation, Orlova N , Kalinin O
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of a study on the causes of cracks in a three-storey residential building in Zlatoust. The soil investigation is carried out to determine the causes of cracking in building walls. The soils occurred in the active zone of the base are identified. The lenses of man-made “perched water” are revealed. The necessary calculations for determining the parameters of physical and chemical properties of soils are made. The graphic illustrations are given. It is shown that building foundations are based on different compressible soils, classified as technogenic and deluvial genetic types.
Design and Simulation of Computer Aided Chinese Vocabulary Evaluation System
Authors: Wang Quanyue , Zhang Sisi , Liu Weichao
Published: October 2020

This article first explains the research background of computer-aided Chinese vocabulary assessment. Vocabulary assessment occupies an important position in Chinese learning. Computer-aided assessment has advantages in statistical analysis and organization and management. Subsequently, the development of Chinese vocabulary assessment and computer-assisted Chinese assessment was reviewed, and the design scheme of computer-assisted Chinese vocabulary assessment system was constructed. The functional framework, assessment methods, and feedback of the assessment system were explained. Finally, this paper verifies the function of the system through experimental investigation.
Optimization of Object-oriented 3D CAD Pre-processing System for Steel Structure of High-rise Buildings
Authors: Lu Songyan
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the object-oriented method is used to study the pre-processing system of 3D high-rise building steel structure CAD. For the high-rise building steel structure design optimization system, users mainly contact with the functions of modeling, analysis, design checking and drawing. In fact, all these functions are carried out around the data stored behind. Three-dimensional high-rise building steel structure CAD pre-processing subsystem mainly integrates three-dimensional entity construction module, node design and editing module, construction drawing, processing drawing and CNC data output module. In this paper, the wall element is used to simulate the shear wall element, and the wall element can be automatically refined into a shell element composed of quadrilateral membrane element with rotational degree of freedom and generalized conforming bending plate element for thick and thin plate, which improves the speed and accuracy of analysis and calculation of shear wall. Various loads of high-rise building are calculated, especially the wind load of space action. It provides a new idea for wind load calculation of high-rise buildings. It is better to put forward a practical system optimization model, which can deal with the objective function, variables and constraints in a large number of engineering processing, and consider the actual constraints as fully as possible, which has strong practicability.
3D Personalized Human Modeling and Deformation Technology for Garment CAD
Authors: Jia Qi , Tian Kun
Published: October 2020

According to the design requirements of garment CAD system, this paper summarizes and analyzes the flow, characteristics and existing problems of existing human modeling algorithms, and proposes a 3D human modeling method based on section ring calculation, and realizes the dynamic modeling of human body driven by joint points. Firstly, the human body shape is classified to create a 3D human body shape template library. On the basis of extracting feature points and feature lines of the human model, the relationship between the size change and the feature points is calculated by using simple linear scaling ratio. Through the mathematical modeling of chest curve, waist hip curve and longitudinal datum line, the fitting curve results which reflect the curve characteristics and are convenient for subsequent clothing deformation are obtained. The algorithm is simple and efficient. It can not only accurately reproduce the surface static characteristics of the original scanned human body, but also change the dynamic characteristics of the human body interactively, which can meet the basic requirements of the human body model in the process of fashion design.
„Opowieść o krzyżu żelaznym” jako źródło do dziejów wojny bułgarsko-węgierskiej z lat 894-896
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J.
Published: October 2020

The Tale of the Iron Cross does not form a primary source for the studies on history of the Bulgaro-Hungarian conflict 894-896. However, it deepens our knowledge on its memory in the Bulgarian society as it presents, to a certain degree, the wiews of the medieval Bulgarians ona war as a notion. The paper is supplemented by the Polish translation of the fragments of the Tale of the Iron Cross (by Jan M. Wolski) with the Old Church Slavonic original.
Literackie inscenizacje Georges’a Pereca
Authors: Woźniak-Czech Ewelina
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this sketch to present Georges Perec’s work in the context of drama. As Perec wrote just one play for the theater, it’s hard to call him a dramatist. However, it is easy to see that all the literary tricks he uses in his works are a part of a well-thought-out game. The author of Life a User’s Manual employs and interweaves various literary conventions, prompts dialogue between his own works and draws the reader into the very center of his tricks, nuances and simulations. Perec’s writing could be deemed a pure act of dramatization, where the author himself, to some extent, takes on the role of director, making his audience not so much the recipients of his texts but the actors performing them.
Andrzej Wajda. Szkicownik
Authors: Dziechciaruk-Maj Bogna
Published: October 2020

The author discusses a little-known aspect of Andrzej Wajda’s work – his drawings and sketches, which he produced throughout his life. What is striking about these works is the diverse nature of their subject matter (his efforts as a student, drawings related to theatre and film, landscapes, portraits) and techniques (fountain pen, marker pen, chalk, watercolours). These constitute an important element of how he expressed himself, they are a way to record reality, and complement his work as a director superbly. These sketches were presented on many occasions in exhibitions in Poland and abroad. The wealth of creativity in Andrzej Wajda’s drawings was best seen in the exhibition organised in the Manggha Museum on his 90th birthday, entitled “Andrzej Wajda. Sketcher” (March–August 2016).
Natura (nie)odzyskana. Pan Knuta Hamsuna
Authors: Kruszelnicki Michał
Published: October 2020

The Norwegian novelist Knut Hamsun’s outstanding early novel Pan. From Lieutenant Thomas Glahn’s Papers (1894) is often acknowledged as a manifestation of the specificity and profundity of Hamsun’s perception of nature. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I argue that the novel’s main protagonist cannot be simply seen as the happily fulfilled “man of nature” for whom he wishes to pass. In a critical dialogue with the post-Romantic interpretations of Pan and drawing on some classic philosophical traditions (i.e. Rousseau, Schiller) as well as the modern Norwegian scholarship, I explore the psychological dimension of Hamsun’s masterpiece and present Glahn as an individual who attempts to erase or at least mystify within a personalized narrative the conflict between the objective world and his subjective perception of reality. This predicament seems essential to understanding Glahn’s character and ipso facto Hamsun’s less obvious position in the philosophical debate on the essence of modernity conceived as “Disenchantment”. By carefully following Glahn’s narratives centered on his experience of nature, I reveal their artificial and simulating character. Such a reading allows me to argue that Hamsun’s Pan concurs in a subtler language of literature with the philosophical acknowledgement, dating back to Rousseau, of the impossibility of the individual’s return to the pre-modern time, as if to the realm of original, transcendental sense and immediacy of our experience of the world. The horizons of the modern – perhaps suffice to say: mature? – historicized and highly reflexive consciousness cannot be transgressed; the Romantic sensitivity, in its naïve search for the authentic experience of nature as a source of the self and the sense, can only regain it in discourse, which amounts to positing nature as a beautiful appearance and thus compensating for one’s dramatic feeling of alienation from nature and being conceived of as a metaphysical “wholeness”.
O odbiorze dzieła literackiego
Authors: Wachowski Jacek
Published: October 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question: what happens to a literary work – understood as Ingarden’s purely intentional objects – from the recipient’s perspective? And also: how do the images of objects arise in the minds of the audience and what are their properties? Transferring purely intentional objects to the recipient’s perspective changes their status: mental images of objects are subject to numerous fluctuations (based on emotions and cognitive processes). In this way they are transformed into forms that are non-permanent reflections of objects belonging to a literary work. Referring to Ingarden’s terminology, one might say that they become purely intentional reflections (or reflections of purely intentional objects). The article is an attempt to characterize and stratify them.
Widma ekokrytyki
Authors: Woźniak Jarosław
Published: October 2020

For years ecocriticism has been almost completely absent in Polish humanities, and although it has become known to a wider group of academics and literary critics and has gained some recognition, it is still not widely acknowledged. This situation raises two basic questions: first, what are the reasons for the low level of interest in ecocriticism in Polish humanities?; secondly, what are the chances and conditions for establishing ecocriticism in the Polish academia? The author assumes that there are spectral remains of the early stages of ecocriticism that still haunt it, casting a shadow on current research and hindering the reception of ecocriticism in Poland. The main specters that haunt ecocriticism are: the specter of romanticism, an anti-theoretical attitude, and naive realism that sprout from the first wave of ecocriticism. Referring to the latest currents in ecological criticism, the author indicates further directions in which Polish ecocriticism should develop in order to be freed from the persecuting specters of the past.
Ewolucja i ewaluacja polityki rynku pracy w Polsce
Authors: Woźniak Marcin
Published: October 2020

Duża dynamika przeobrażeń gospodarczych niesie ze sobą wyzwania, które nie istniały jeszcze pod koniec ubiegłego wieku. Szczególne piętno owe przemiany odciskają na rynku pracy i uwidaczniają się chociażby w powstawaniu nowych zawodów, upadku tradycyjnego modelu pracy czy przeniesieniu wielu aktywności zawodowych w sferę wirtualną. W takich warunkach kreowanie efektywnej polityki rynku pracy stanowi nie lada wyzwanie dla współczesnych krajów Europy i świata. Kluczowym problemem staje się dopasowanie interwencji państwa do rzeczywistości rynków pracy. Polityka państwa na rynku pracy niesie ze sobą jednak szereg trudno uchwytnych efektów ubocznych, których trafne rozpoznanie może przyczynić się do optymalizacji alokacji środków oraz poprawy dobrostanu społecznego. Artykuł nakreśla powyższy problem, który wciąż jest niedostatecznie rozpoznany na gruncie nauk społeczno-ekonomicznych w Polsce. W tekście omówiono również najważniejsze wyniki badania efektywności polityki rynku pracy w Polsce, przeprowadzone w latach 2014–2016 przez autora niniejszego artykułu.
Nie wszystko „tarło” co ma zęby – w poszukiwaniu funkcji
Authors: Waszczuk Kamilla , Żychliński Daniel , Pachulski Piotr , Prawniczak Robert
Published: October 2020

This article presents the research related to identifying the actual function of an object made of deer bones excavated in Kujawy, in the village of Brzezie (site 4). It was discovered in the remains of a partly dug building, most probably residential, dated back to the 12th – 13th centuries. Originally, the historic object in question was identified as an ancient percussion instrument. However, in the course of microscopic tests and experiments this interpretation was rejected. It was stated that the artefact could not have served to clean animals’ skins, either. Finally, in the course of research procedures, it was agreed that it was a tool for decorating clay vessels.
Einer hölzerner „Streitkolben” vom frühmittelalterlichen Gräberfeld von Bodzia bei Włocławek. Waffe oder Herrschaftssymbol?
Authors: Kara Michał
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of an analysis of a grave from the late 10th century or the early 11th century, discovered in an early medieval cemetery in Bodzia in the eastern Kujawy region. The grave: unique not only by the cemetery’s standards, included, among other things, an oak club fitted in two bronze sheets. Comparative materials allow for interpreting it as the so-called insignia club (a kind of mace). It was an attribute of power used in medieval Europe at least since the 11th century by members of the highest secular and clerical elites, e.g. during armed expeditions. The preserved funeral inventory of the grave where the “club” was found indicates that a layman was buried there. Comparative materials used in the Bodzia find, also with respect to the function, is provided by the Bayeux Tapestry (northern France) woven in the 2nd half of the 11th century and presenting the battle of Hastings in1066.
Przejawy słowiańskiej i skandynawskiej obrzędowości pogrzebowej doby "plemiennej" na cmentarzysku w Myszęcinie na Ziemi Lubuskiej
Authors: Pawlak Paweł
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of research into an early medieval burnt offering grave field inMyszęcin, Świebodzin county. The field contained pit graves, some of which are reminiscent ofthe Alt Käbelich-type graves popular especially in the north-western part of theWestern Slavic Territory. On the basis of artefacts discovered in the grave pits and on the surface of the grave field, primarily as a result of an analysis of ceramics, the graves can be dated back to the mid-8th and the 9th centuries.
Несколько замечаний о двузубце из могильника бодзя в центральной части Польши
Authors: Белецкий Серге́й Васи́льевич
Published: October 2020

При раскопках могильника близ дер. Бодзя (Куявско-Поморское воеводство, Польша) в погребении E-864/I был найден поясной набор. На одной из сторон наконечника, входящего в этот набор, помещено изображение так называемого „знака Рюриковичей” – двузубца, древнерусского княжеского герба. Анализ геральдических особенностей знака показал, что изготовление поясной гарнитуры из погребения следует относить ко времени туровского княжения Святополка Ярополчича, то есть – к 1008-1013 гг. Не исключено, что погребенный в могиле E-864/I молодой воин был мечником князя Святополка.
Omnes viae Albam ducunt. Z badań nad pograniczem pomorsko-wielkopolskim we wczesnym średniowieczu
Authors: Chudziak Wojciech
Published: October 2020

The article touches upon the emergence of settlement structures in the West Pomerania Lakeland including the upper estuary of the Rega and the Parsęta as well as the Drawa and the Gwda, frequently referred to as the borderland between Pomerania and Wielkopolska. An attempt was made to assign periods to settlement developments with respect to the emergence of the borderland. Special emphasis was placed on central locations like strongholds and some islands as well as far-reaching routes leading to Białogard (Alba in Latin).
“THE WORLD’S COLDEST, NEWEST AND MOST REMOTE CAPITAL” – THE PERCEPTION OF ASTANA BY THE BRITISH AND AMERICAN QUALITY PRESS: A CORPUS-ASSISTED ANALYSIS
Authors: Bączkowska Anna , Khokhlacheva Yelena
Published: October 2020

Nur-Sultan (until recently called Astana), is the capital of Kazakhstan, which in 1998 was moved from Alma-Ata to a small village located in the central part of the country in the middle of a vast Kazakh Steppe. The capital is mostly known for its severe climate, futuristic and technologically advanced architecture, as well as for organizing international political and economic events, resulting from the growing power of Kazakhstan in Central Asia. The aim of this paper is to: (1) find out whether, and if so to what extent, the word Astana spurs interest in two British and two American newspapers representing right-wing and left-wing political alignment; (2) check how Astana is evaluated by these newspapers (whether in negative, positive, or neutral terms); (3) observe whether there are any differences between the conservative and the liberal papers as well as between the British versus American press. The material was gleaned from a ca. 35 billion word timestamped press corpus. Four subcorpora (altogether ca. 650,000 words in size) were created based on articles retrieved from The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, Chicago Tribune and The New York Times, published between 2014-2018. The results have shown that the predominant themes in both British and American press include the ultramodern architecture of Astana and political events (international summits) organized in the capital. The majority of comments have positive or neutral evaluation.
Chrześcijanie w łagrze (w wybranych dziełach literatury polskiej i rosyjskiej)
Authors: Sucharski Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to reflect on the religiosity of Stalinist prisoners shaped by religion or the Christian tradition. A comparison of works of Polish and Russian literature demonstrates that prisoners from the Soviet Union and Poland essentially otherwise referred to the faith, to the Decalogue. Most of the inmates came into the camp from the country’s militant atheism, infected with a hostility to religion as “the opium of the masses”, and only in the camp were they looking for ways to return to the faith of their fathers. However, they often kept faith in the value of humanity, they represented a secular holiness. A substantial majority of Polish prisoners affirmed their Catholicism, which was not only a witness of their faith, but also synonymous with Polish culture. Such an attitude often hampered relations with the Orthodox and Greek Catholics. A large part of the Polish inmates reluctantly referred to them as Christians of the Eastern Rite, as a consequence of Catholic education in pre-war Poland, but also out of hostility towards Russians and Ukrainians. Many of them, however, disregarded religious issues, they referred to a fellow prisoner with respect, regardless of his religion. They looked at them from the human perspective.
Europejskie performanse Ive Tabara – od dyskursu politycznego do metanarracji
Authors: Wachowski Jacek
Published: October 2020

The article is an attempt to analyze the works of Ive Tabar – one of the most interesting Slovenian artists (relatively little known) working on the borderline of body art and performance art. On the one hand, Tabar’s works refer to loud experiments – undertaken on the basis of body art in 60’s, 70’s and 80’s. On the other hand, they are seeking their own language and new communication strategies with the viewers. Tabar’s works are both personal acts and political declarations (regarding the future of Slovenia). In this sense, they can be understood as a return to the concept (that had been developed in Europe and America in the second half of the twentieth century) of engaging art for public activity. Tabar uses this tradition in its own and unique way. He creates metanarratives works that combine the poetics of political and social protest with a radical body art-style experiment. He shows the way how art can contribute a political life.Key words: Slovenian performance, Ive Tabar, body art, performing arts.
Madame de Sade Yukio Mishimy: krew europejskich rycerzy, koronki przedrewolucyjnych dam, japońska scena i bomba atomowa
Authors: Tokarski Błażej
Published: October 2020

Madame de Sade, a shingeki play by Yukio Mishima, first published and performed in 1965, still enjoys huge popularity all over the world. In my work, I consider the meaning of the drama and the connections between the Japanese and the European theatre, Marquis de Sade’s philosophy, the French Revolution and the history of Japan. I ask questions about the drama’s popularity and the possibilities for its modern staging.
Opowieściowy wzór przeznaczenia bohaterów
Authors: Čechová Mariana
Published: October 2020

As a result of an analysis of folk types 461 and 930 (‘protected by fate’) their thematic and motif-based intersections in the comparative framework of European and Asian literary tradition can be identified. At the same time, these intersections are inter-culturally valid. The research shows that an invariant semanteme of all the myths, folk tales and legends studied is the unsuccessful attempt of a man of high social standing and power to kill his successor, who has been chosen by fate. This ancient narrative motif also contains the famous Biblical motifs, such as the persecution of a child, heavenly omens and the fulfilment of a prophecy.
Frazeologizmy w przekładzie na język kaszubski baśni Jana Drzeżdżona
Authors: Makurat Hanna
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the methods used to translate phrasemes in the Kashubian version of the book Baśnie. Brawãdë by Jan Drzeżdżon. The translator, Roman Drzeżdżon, was unable to find any equivalent phrasemes in the target language. He translated them literally or described their meaning. Moreover, he also used the compensation strategy and introduced phrasemes in places where they were absent in the original.
Z Przewodnika po powieści Słowian Zachodnich (1945-1995)
Authors: Derlatka Tomasz
Published: October 2020

This article contains a selection of notions from the Guidebook to the Novels of the West Slavs (a working title). The Guidebook is addressed predominantly  at researchers involved in comparative studies of the literatures of the West Slavs and it will cover fifty years (1945–1995) of novels written by West Slavic authors: Kashubian, Polish, Slovak (from Slovakia and the so-called  Lower Land), Czech as well as Upper and Lower Lusatian, and how they changed. Each entry will consist of a brief presentation of a novel’s content, bibliographical information (the subsequent editions, possible translations;  reception in the other languages will be limited exclusively to the West Slavs area), interpretation, a novel’s significance to a writer’s achievements,  specific national literature and, finally, the West Slavs’ novels as a whole, a selection (maximum five items) of the most important literature on the subject.
Teaching in the Absence of a Standard Language. A Case Study of Upper Sorbian
Authors: Werner Eduard
Published: October 2020

The teaching of Upper Sorbian (USo) is of increasing importance for the survival of this language. A challenge faced by learners is the lack of standardisation. Reliable standardisation has been conducted only in the area of orthography, which offers little indication about pronunciation. Pronunciation, however, is generally missing in all USo dictionaries, and teaching materials offer only general observations. Learners of USo mostly belong to one of two groups which require different teaching strategies: on the one hand, second-language learners aim to achieve authentic pronunciation; native speakers, on the other hand, struggle with the contrast between the standardised etymological orthography and the phonetic representation in everyday language (partly addressed in Šołćina 2014a/b).
Exponential stability of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with locally distributed damping on compact Riemannian manifold
Authors: Yang Fengyan , Ning Zhen-Hu , Chen Liangbiao
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation:

i

u
t

+

Δ

g

u
+
i
a
(
x
)
u
−

|

u

|

p
−
1

u
=
0

(
x
,
t
)
∈

M

×
(
0
,
+
∞
)
,

u
(
x
,
0
)
=

u
0

(
x
)

x
∈

M

,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\begin{cases}iu_t+{\it\Delta}_g u+ia(x)u-|u|^{p-1}u=0\qquad (x,t)\in \mathcal{M} \times
(0,+\infty),
\cr u(x,0)=u_0(x)\qquad x\in \mathcal{M},\end{cases}
\end{array}$$

(0.1)

where (𝓜, g) is a smooth complete compact Riemannian manifold of dimension n(n = 2, 3) without boundary. For the damping terms −a(x)(1 − Δ)−1a(x)ut
and

i
a
(
x
)
(
−

Δ

)

1
2

a
(
x
)
u
,

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
ia(x)(-{\it\Delta})^{\frac12}a(x)u,
\end{array}$

the exponential stability results of system (0.1) have been proved by Dehman et al. (Math Z 254(4): 729-749, 2006), Laurent. (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 42(2): 785-832, 2010) and Cavalcanti et al. (Math Phys 69(4): 100, 2018). However, from the physical point of view, it would be more important to consider the stability of system (0.1) with the damping term ia(x)u, which is still an open problem. In this paper, we obtain the exponential stability of system (0.1) by Morawetz multipliers in non Euclidean geometries and compactness-uniqueness arguments.
Effects of Solar Activity on Ionospheric Ion Upflow During Geomagnetic Quiet Periods: DMSP Observations
Authors: Fu Shuai , Jiang Yong , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: October 2020

Based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) observations during Solar Cycle 23, this paper examines solar activity dependence of ionospheric bulk ion upflow events (IUEs) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Much previous similar work was conducted over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) with measurements from European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT). To eliminate the influence of geomagnetic disturbance on IUEs, we pick out observations during geomagnetic quiet periods (with Kp ≤ 2+). Results show that, ion upward densities and fluxes are dramatically elevated at times of high solar activity (HSA) but ion upward drifts and occurrences are increased at times of low solar activity (LSA) in the SH, which is consistent with the situation in the NH. The ratios between HSA and LSA for these four parameters (IUEs’ density, flux, upward drift and occurrence) are ~2.71, ~1.98, ~0.76 and ~0.57, respectively. Furthermore, lower flux event takes place frequently at LSA as the background ion density is low but the upward drift is large, while higher flux event happens commonly at times of HSA accompanied by high ion density but low upward velocity. Quantitatively, an increase in unit of solar activity (characterized by P index) causes a 4.2×108 m−3 increase in ion density and a 1.2×1011 m−2·s−1 enhancement in upward flux, together with a 0.6 m·s−1 and 0.02 % decrease in ion upward velocity and uprate, respectively. The acceleration from the ambipolar electric field is thought to be a possible mechanism affecting the dependence of IUEs on solar variations. For HSA, the acceleration from the ambipolar electric field weakens, but a large number of background ions provide abundant seeds for acceleration and upflow, which maintains a high IUE flux. It is inferred that upflow events and upward drifts are inhibited by the enhanced ionospheric background density.
Approximation and entropy numbers of composition operators
Authors: Li Daniel , Queffélec Hervé , Rodríguez-Piazza Luis
Published: October 2020

We give a survey on approximation numbers of composition operators on the Hardy space, on the disk and on the polydisk, and add corresponding new results on their entropy numbers, revealing how they are different.
Linguistic system and sociolinguistic environment as competing factors in linguistic variation: A typological approach
Authors: Sinnemäki Kaius
Published: October 2020

This paper brings together typological and sociolinguistic approaches to language variation. Its main aim is to evaluate the relative effect of language internal and external factors on the number of cases in the world’s languages. I model word order as a language internal predictor; it is well-known that, for instance, languages with verb-final word order (that is, languages in which both nominal arguments precede the main lexical verb) tend to develop complex case systems more often than languages with SVO word order do. I model population size and the proportion of second language speakers in the speech community as sociolinguistic predictors; these factors have been suggested recently to influence the distribution of the number of cases in the world’s languages. Modelling the data with generalized linear mixed effects modelling suggests an interaction between the number of cases, word order, and the proportion of second language speakers on the one hand, and between the number of cases, word order, and population size, on the other. This kind of complex interactions have not been previously reported in typological research wherefore they call for more complex explanations than previously suggested for cross-linguistic variation.
Rater variation in pragmatic assessment: The impact of the linguistic background on peer-assessment and self-assessment
Authors: Sonnenburg-Winkler Sunni L. , Eslami Zohreh R. , Derakhshan Ali
Published: October 2020

The present study investigates variability among raters from different linguistic backgrounds, who evaluated the pragmatic performance of English language learners with varying native languages (L1s) by using both self- and peer-assessments. To this end, written discourse completion task (WDCT) samples of requesting speech acts from 10 participants were collected. Thereafter, the participants were asked to assess their peers’ WDCTs before assessing their own samples using the same rating scale. The raters were further asked to provide an explanation for their rating decisions. Findings indicate that there may indeed be a link between a rater’s language background and their scoring patterns, although the results regarding peer- and self-assessment are mixed. There are both similarities and differences in the participants’ use of pragmatic norms and social rules in evaluating appropriateness.
On surrounding quasi-contractions on non-triangular metric spaces
Authors: Karapinar Erdal , Khojasteh Farshid , Mitrović Zoran D. , Rakočević Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to establish some fixed point results for surrounding quasi-contractions in non-triangular metric spaces. Also, we prove the Banach principle of contraction in non-triangular metric spaces. As applications of our theorems, we deduce certain well-known results in b-metric spaces as corollaries.
Application of CS-CHO-g-PMMA emulsion in paper reinforcement and protection
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Qi Yingping , Wu Fan , Shen Yongfeng , Gao Duanhui , Li Hua
Published: October 2020

Paper has a high value of culture, history and scientific research as the cultural carrier of historical inheritance. However, with the passage of time and the change of environment, many paper files are aging and damaged. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the protection of paper archives. Chitosan, a natural material, has a good compatibility with paper fibers. In this paper, chitosan (CS) was modified by epoxy cyclohexane (CHO) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare CS-CHO-g-PMMA emulsion. CS-CHO-g-PMMA was applied to paper protection, and the effects of CS-CHO-g-PMMA on heat aging resistance, reversibility and acid-base resistance were investigated. In order to improve the mechanical strength of paper, CS-CHO-g-PMMA and phosphate ester starch (HPDSP) were blended to determine the optimum ratio. The results showed that the degradation rate of paper sample was slowed down obviously and the coating had certain reversibility. Acid-base resistance experiment showed that CS-CHO-g-PMMA could effectively resisit corrosion of external acid-base to protect the paper. The best combination ratio between CS-CHO-g-PMMA and HPDSP was: m (CS-CHO-g-PMMA): m (HPDSP) = 5:2. Under this compound ratio, the performance indexes of the paper met the requirements, conforming to the “repair as old, keep the original” and other requirements.
Effects of substrate properties and sputtering methods on self-formation of Ag particles on the Ag–Mo(Zr) alloy films
Authors: Sun Haoliang , Lian Xinxin , Huang Xiaoxue , Hui David , Wang Guangxin
Published: October 2020

This article studies two different sputtering methods for depositing Ag–Mo and Ag–Zr alloy films on single crystal silicon (Si), flexible polyimide (PI) and soda-lime glass substrates. The phase structure and the surface morphology of the Ag–Mo(Zr) alloy films were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effects of substrate properties and sputtering methods on the self-grown Ag particles on the Ag–Mo(Zr) alloy films were investigated. As the result of the experiment, nanoscale Ag particles were formed on the surface of Ag–Mo(Zr) alloy films. However, the size and the number of self-formed Ag particles on the Ag–Mo(Zr) alloy film on the PI substrate are significantly different from that on the Si substrate and glass substrate. This outcome is closely related to the different thermal stress evolution behaviors of the alloy films on different substrates during annealing.
Archaeometric Characterization of Obsidian Artifacts at Casa dei Francesi (Ustica Island, Italy) and Clues of a Hidden Prehistoric Settlement
Authors: Martin Franco Foresta , Larocca Felice , Micheletti Francesca , Pallara Mauro , Acquafredda Pasquale
Published: October 2020

At Ustica island (Palermo, Italy), in the area of Casa dei Francesi, 119 fragments of obsidian artifacts were collected on the surface of an agricultural field at an altitude of 50 m asl. In the same area, until now, scientific literature reports only the presence of late Roman pottery (4th–6th centuries AD), and no evidence has appeared that it could be the site of a prehistoric settlement. The most important prehistoric settlement, the Faraglioni Village (Middle Bronze Age) is located 700 m further north, overlooking the sea. Obsidian provenance analyses, performed on the 119 samples with absolutely non-destructive techniques WD-XRF and SEM-EDS, indicate two sources areas: Lipari (93 samples, 78%) and Pantelleria (26 samples, 22%). Concerning the obsidians from the island of Pantelleria, it was possible to also establish the sub-source of Salto la Vecchia. The typological and functional analyses of the 119 obsidian fragments point out that 115 are debitages, some of which show evidence of percussion bulbs, and only 4 are tools with micro-retouching. This work focuses on the geochemical and typological characterization of the obsidian assemblage collected, the characteristics of which suggest the existence of a prehistoric settlement in the area of the Casa dei Francesi or nearby.