bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on dynamical behavior of a phytoplankton-zooplankton ecological model
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhang Hao-Lu , Wang Yu-Lan , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: November 2024

Phytoplankton-zooplankton ecological models (PZEM) are crucial for comprehending the dynamics and interactions within marine ecosystems. Leveraging the memory effect of fractional-order derivatives , the fractional-order PZEM can more effectively capture biological significance. This paper investigates a PZEM that incorporates the effects of toxic substances and additional food transmission in the environment. Initially, we examine the stability of the fractional-order diffusionless model solution and the Hopf bifurcation with respect to the fractional order parameter. Subsequently, using weak nonlinear analysis, we obtained the amplitude equation close to the Turing instability threshold, which helped us classify different modal selections. Finally, an Euler dispersion scheme is constructed for the model, which effectively reveals the mixed pattern dynamic behavior observed in numerical simulations. Our findings uncover new dynamical behaviors of the model, contributing to a deeper understanding of PZEM in biological contexts.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 92D40; 65M06; 34C23; 35B20; 35K55; 91B55.
Comparative Statistics of Solar Flares and Flare Stars
Authors: Katz Jonathan I. , Bharmal Mustafa , Ju Matthew , Whitsett Nathan
Published: November 2024

The distribution of interval times between recurrent discrete events, such as Solar and stellar flares, reflects their underlying dynamics. Log-normal functions provide good fits to the interval time distributions of many astronomical processes. The width of the fit is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes its underlying dynamics, in analogy to the critical exponents of renormalization group theory. If the distribution of event strengths is a power law, as it often is, then the width of the log-normal is independent of the detector sensitivity, making it a robust metric. Analyzing two catalogues of Solar flares over periods ranging from 46 days to 37 years, we find that the widths of log-normal fits to the intervals between flares are wider than those of shot noise, indicating memory in the underlying dynamics even over a time much shorter than the Solar cycle. In contrast, the statistics of flare stars are consistent with shot noise (no memory). We suggest that this is a consequence of the production of Solar flares in localized transient active regions with varying mean flare rate, but that the very energetic flares of flare stars result from global magnetic rearrangement that reinitializes their magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
Prediction of Solar Cycle 25 from Monthly Mean Sunspot Number by Using Simplex Projection Method
Authors: Gerceker Kemalhan , Kilcik Ali , Yurchyshyn Vasyl
Published: November 2024

Solar activity and the associated space weather have a significant impact on the Solar system and the Earth. They even directly or indirectly affect life on Earth. Therefore, well understanding and prediction of solar activity has become increasingly important in recent years. In this paper, we present predictions for monthly mean and 13-month averaged monthly mean sunspot numbers (SSN) for the amplitude and time of Solar Cycle 25 using the Simplex Projection method, an approach for analyzing nonlinear and chaotic systems. In addition, we produce highly successful postcasts for the last 5 past solar cycles (Solar Cycle 20 to 24) and outperform the postcast/prediction performances of similar studies in the literature. In general, smoothed/averaged SSN data used for the solar cycle prediction. Here, for the first time we used unsmoothed monthly mean SSN data for the long-term solar cycle prediction. We also present a new finding in our study that reveals the sensitivity of the library and prediction sets to the initial and final condition of these sets in order to achieve better prediction performance. We predict that Solar Cycle 25 will be stronger than the previous Solar Cycle 24. Accordingly, we predict the time of maximum for the 13-month averaged monthly mean sunspot number in December 2024 with sunspot number of 144.9-162.9 and for the monthly mean sunspot number in February 2025 with sunspot number of 219.8-246. Cycle minima are also predicted between February 2030 and May 2031 with a 13-month averaged monthly sunspot number of 14-32 and between July 2030 and October 2031 with a monthly mean sunspot number of 8.9-41.7.
Spatial Patterns of Above-Ground Biomass in Tropical Alpine Páramo Ecosystems Using Allometric Models and LiDAR Data
Authors: Veloza Paula , Rozo Anamaría , Segura Leonardo , Cabrera Marian , Niño Freddy , Prado-Castillo Luis Fernando , Benavides Juan C.
Published: November 2024

Context
Páramos, high-elevation alpine ecosystems found in the northern Andes, are a biodiversity hotspot and play a crucial role in climate change mitigation due to their carbon storage capacity. Above-ground biomass, AGB, serves as a key indicator of ecosystem health and carbon sequestration potential. Accurate estimates of above-ground biomass are essential for understanding the variability of carbon storage across different páramo vegetation types, successional stages and degradation impacts supporting the design of effective conservation and management strategies.
Objectives
Using a combination of methods from direct measurements to UAS LiDar, we describe the main patterns of above-ground biomass across contrasting vegetation types and plant growth forms in páramos of the northeast Andes of Colombia.
Methods
This study was conducted in conserved páramo areas in El Cocuy National Natural Park in the northern part of the Colombian Andes. We measured the ABG biomass of the different growth forms and related that to relevant allometric traits by using simple linear models. Using the allometric equations we estimated the AGB of 30 plots in areas dominated by different páramo vegetation types. Airborne LiDAR data was collected from these plots and canopy height and density metrics were processed to determine landscape-level above-ground biomass calibrated with the ground measurements.
Results
We found that plant height, basal diameter, and leaf area explained above-ground biomass variation for the different growth forms. We selected models with canopy height model (CHM) as predictor, to explain above-ground biomass at the landscape lev el. Allometric and LiDAR derived models showed páramo biomass values ranging from 3 to 11 Mg C ha− 1.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that it is possible to understand above ground carbon accumulation patterns at the landscape level by combining direct and indirect methods, such as allometric equations and LiDAR data, in areas representing the heterogeneity of páramo vegetation. This study is pioneering in providing information for non-forest carbon reservoirs and the impacts of human actions on the dynamics of the ABG biomass, which are crucial to reach national GHG emission targets.
Gut Microbiota Causally Affects Ulcerative Colitis by Potential Mediation of Plasma Metabolites: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhao Shidong , Zheng Xianjing , Shen Weisong , Shen Zhanlong
Published: November 2024

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a multifactorial etiology, including genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, as well as alterations in the gut microbiome and plasma metabolites. The interplay between these factors is complex and not fully elucidated, particularly regarding the potential mediation of metabolites in the relationship between gut microbiota and UC.
Methods
We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal associations between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and UC. The study utilized a two-sample MR approach to discern causal relationships among these factors. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) served as instrumental variables (IVs) in the MR analyses, conducted using the “TwoSampleMR” package in R software. We adhered to the fundamental assumptions of MR analyses, ensuring the validity of our causal inferences. Additionally, we incorporated a mediation analysis to assess the potential mediating role of plasma metabolites in the relationship between gut microbiota and UC.
Results
Our study identified significant associations between specific gut microbial taxa and the risk of UC. We found that six microbial taxa, including Genus Dorea, Phylum Proteobacteria, Species Streptococcus parasanguinis, Species Ruminococcus obeum, Species Roseburia intestinalis, and Order Lactobacillales, were causally associated with UC. Seventy-three metabolites and metabolite ratios were also causally associated with UC, with mediation analysis revealing that metabolites such as Stearoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 1-arachidonoyl-GPE (20:4n6), 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate sulfate, and Thioproline mediated the effects of gut microbiota on UC, suggesting a role for these metabolites in the disease's pathogenesis.
Conclusion
This MR study provides evidence for causal relationships between specific gut microbiota and UC, with plasma metabolites potentially mediating these effects. The findings offer new perspectives on the causal nexus between the gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and UC, suggesting potential intervention targets for the disease. Further research is warranted to validate these results and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
HWI Encoding/Decoding of a Non-invasive HWI BCI Paradigm Based on Temporal Variation Abundance Scale
Authors: Ding Peng , Wang Fan , Zhao Lei , Gong Anming , Fu Yunfa
Published: November 2024

The performance of non-invasive Handwriting Imagery (HWI) input in Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is highly dependent on the paradigms employed, yet there is limited research on interpretable scales to measure how HWI-BCI paradigms and neural encoding designs affect performance. This study introduces the "Temporal Variation Abundance" metric and utilizes it to design two classes of handwriting imagery paradigms: Low Temporal Variation Abundance (LTVA) and High Temporal Variation Abundance (HTVA). A dynamic time warping algorithm based on random templates (rt-DTW) is proposed to align HWI velocity fluctuations using EEG. Comprehensive comparisons of these experimental paradigms are conducted in terms of feature space distance, offline and online classification accuracy, and cognitive load assessment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate that HTVA-HWI exhibits lower velocity stability but demonstrates higher spatial distance, offline classification accuracy, online testing classification accuracy, and lower cognitive load. This study provides deep insights into paradigm design for non-invasive HWI-BCI and scales of neural encoding, offering new theoretical support and methodological insights for future advancements in brain-computer interaction.
A Novel Pricing Mechanism for Profitable Growth of Pumped-Hydro Energy Storage in India
Authors: Jacob Ammu Susanna , Garg Rishu
Published: November 2024

In the path to achieving net-zero targets, the integration of renewable energy (RE) and storage solutions is necessary to overcome challenges such as intermittency and optimal dispatch. Pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES) is a mature storage technology, but its uptake has been slow in India. The existing PHES plants operate on a no-profit, no-loss basis for grid balancing without incentives. The current tariff structure does not remunerate and guarantee any profit from operations, discouraging investments in this sector needed to support the clean energy transition. This study proposes a differential pricing mechanism for PHES based on specific use cases in two different markets: power exchanges (liberalized markets) and bilateral/long-term contracts (regulatory markets). Two case studies were examined—the Tehri PHES, Uttarakhand (power exchange option for energy arbitrage and peak load management) and the Pinnapuram PHES, Andhra Pradesh (bilateral/long-term contract option for RE integration). This differential pricing policy will benefit PHES developers by increasing revenue generation, financial institutions by aiding debt recovery, grid operators by balancing the grid smoothly, and distribution companies by reducing the average cost of supply. Implementing this policy can help India meet its 2030 clean energy transition targets and 2070 net-zero goals by ensuring grid flexibility and promoting investments.
Identification and characterization of binders to a novel cryptic and functional pocket in KRAS
Authors: Maira Sauveur-Michel , Beyer Kim , Klein Jessica , Katz Stephanie , Welker Patrick , Lanter Mylene , Guthy Daniel , Pollehn Kerstin , Gluck-Gadé Aurelie , Bleu Melusine , Hattenberger Marc , Borrello Damiano , Rahman wassim Abdul , Zink Florence , Ostermann Nils , Dumelin Christoph , Leder Lukas , Esser Oliver , Muller Lionel , Marzinzik Andreas , Cebe Regis , Müller Kathrin , Galli Giorgio , Tordella Luca , Cotesta Simona , Brachmann Saskia
Published: November 2024

RAS proteins control cell proliferation and activating mutations are collectively the most frequent oncogenic event observed in cancer patients, justifying investments into multiple drug discovery efforts.
While RAS-directed therapeutic agents targeting either the inactive GDP-bound or the active GTP-bound state have entered the clinic, invariably resistance is observed. Mutations at drug binding sites represent a common resistance mechanism indicating the need to discover new targetable pockets in RAS. Such efforts are hindered by the small globular size of the protein, for long considered undruggable.
Here we perform macrocyclic peptides mRNA and nanobody yeast display screens and discover a new targetable ligand-induced pocket in RAS. In vitro and cellular experiments with the KM12 and KM12-AM nanobodies show RAS inhibition via displacement of cRAF, by affecting their protein-protein interaction via the less studied cRAF CRD domain. Further, we provide orthogonal functional validation for the new binding pocket via mutagenesis experiments. Notably, the newly discovered RAS-targeting approach enable simultaneous targeting of both GTP-bound active and GDP-bound inactive states and leaves the SwII pocket unaltered, opening possibilities of combinatorial approaches with clinically approved SwII pocket inhibitors.
Characterization of phenolic compounds from Annona muricata leaf and pulp
Authors: Ruiz-López Mario Alberto , Vargas-Guerrero Belinda , Vargas-Radillo J. de Jesus , Montalvo-González Efigenia , Salcedo-Pérez Eduardo , Pizano-Andrade Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

The present study characterizes the phenolic compounds present in the pulp of Annona muricata (guanábana), a species widely used in Latin America in both food and traditional medicine. Methanolic extractions of the pulp were performed to identify and quantify secondary metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques and qualitative phytochemical tests. The results show the significant presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and other bioactive compounds, with shikimic acid as the main phenolic component identified. Soursop stands out for its potential therapeutic applications, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and for its potential in the development of nutraceutical products. This study contributes to the knowledge of the bioactive metabolites of A. muricata, promoting their valorization in human nutrition and health contexts.
Current aviation roadmaps are not within planetary boundaries
Authors: Païs Bastien , Gondran Alexandre , Hamelin Lorie , Simatos Florian
Published: November 2024

Current aviation roadmaps predominantly rely on the replacement of fossil kerosene by alternative jet fuels to mitigate climate change, but the systemic impact of such energy transitions on other planetary boundaries remains unexplored. Here we fill this gap by integrating prospective life-cycle inventories within absolute environmental sustainability assessment. We find that the core climate change and biosphere integrity planetary boundaries are systematically transgressed, making these roadmaps unsustainable toward 2050. Lower energy demand brings aviation closer to its share of safe operating space, but air traffic needs to degrow by 8.6% yr-1 for additional planetary boundaries to be respected. Associated demand in energy, land, freshwater and CO2 capture is significant, with clear implication on the feasibility of these scenarios. Our results therefore show that, in order to achieve absolute sustainability, a rethinking of aviation governance is needed toward a systemic approach combining energy transition and demand-side measures.
Equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation in Mg(OH)2-Ca(OH)2-H2O: Implication from in situ high-temperature and high-pressure vibrational spectra
Authors: Zhu Xi , Ye Yu , Hu Yancheng , Wang Sha , Miao Yunfan , Liu Dan , Wang Qingbo , Wu Zhen , Pan Yanming
Published: November 2024

Equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionations have been extensively studied between H2O and minerals (like brucite-type hydroxides) in isotope geochemistry. In this study, pure 18O-enriched hydroxides were synthesized through reactions between M3N2 (M = Mg and Ca) powders and H218O water. In situ high-temperature (T) and high-pressure (P) Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were systematically collected for these phases. The observed 18O-16O effect on the frequency shifts aligns with the theoretical model, and has little impact on the anharmonic O-H potential well. The calculated intrinsic anharmonic parameters (ai) for both lattice and OH-stretching modes are essentially identical between M(16OH)2 and M(18OH)2, satisfying the classical limit for the Helmholtz free energy at extremely high temperature. Based on the measured vibrational data, the equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation β(T,P) factors were modeled for both hydroxides. Both the intrinsic and external anharmonic contributions are smaller than the experimental uncertainties, and this model is also validated by ab initio calculation. Next, the 103·lnα(T) profiles were computed between brucite/portlandite and H2O, which are consistent with the reported oxygen isotope exchange measurements above 200 °C. Additionally, the discrepancy between this equilibrium model and the precipitation experiment below 120 °C also provides useful information for investigating the mechanism of kinetic isotope fractionation. The predicted 103·lnαbrucite-portlandite(T) curve also agrees well with points inferred from the 18O-16O exchange measurements, while the pressure effect can be ignored for 18O-16O fractionations. Therefore, vibrational spectroscopic measurements, including both Raman and infrared spectroscopies, have valuable applications in studying equilibrium non-metallic isotope fractionations in minerals.
Precision-machine learning for the matrix element method
Authors: Heimel Theo , Huetsch Nathan , Winterhalder Ramon , Plehn Tilman , Butter Anja
Published: November 2024

The matrix element method is the LHC inference method of choice for limited statistics. We present a dedicated machine learning framework, based on efficient phase-space integration, a learned acceptance and transfer function. It is based on a choice of INN and diffusion networks, and a transformer to solve jet combinatorics. We showcase this setup for the CP-phase of the top Yukawa coupling in associated Higgs and single-top production.
To the History of Capital Letters Use in Writing Pronouns (Based on Articles by Nikolai M. Karamzin of 1802–1803)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Savelyev Victor S.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the problem of codifying the norms for the use of capital letters in the Russian texts of the second half of the 18th — first half of the 19th centuries. The author argues that during this period there was a significant number of textbooks, grammars, which determined the features of capital letters use, while they implemented one of two models for constructing this section — with a brief or lengthy description of the rules. In particular, in most grammars there is a rule of using capital letters when writing pronouns. Based on three articles by Nikolai M. Karamzin of 1802–1803, the author demonstrates that the usage of the author’s texts by Karamzin differs significantly from the norms fixed by grammars. On the one hand, the area of capital letters use when writing pronouns by Karamzin is broader and covers cases of use not described by grammars: a) reflexive, relative and attributive pronouns (along with personal and possessive pronouns noted by grammars), while in most cases (46 out of 50) pronouns are used in the anaphoric function; b) forms of indirect cases (in grammars examples of the use of words in the form of the nominative case are given); c) pronouns correlated with the names of monarchs who ruled in previous eras. On the other hand, in contexts that require the use of capital letters, pronouns can be written in lowercase letters. It is suggested that the use of capital letters when writing pronouns in the texts of Karamzin can be explained by the same reason as the use of capital letters when writing nouns, noted by Yu. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspensky: in some cases, capital letters are used by Karamzin as a means of creating a certain author’s modality of the text.
Means of Representing the Concept of “Travel” as a Concept in Russian, English and Chinese Linguocultures
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Borovik Vladimir V. , Kaverzina Anastasiya V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Liu Jingpeng ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the features of the use of means of representing the concept of “travel” as a concept in Russian, English and Chinese linguistic cultures. The empirical basis for the analysis were the texts of literary works of Russian, English and Chinese authors of the 18th century. The choice of this period was made due to the absence of intensive globalization in that time, including linguistics, which allows one to speak about the minimal impact of the external environment on the formation of the same concept and the maximum level of reflection in it of the national specifics of the represented linguistic cultures. Fundamentally different linguistic cultures were chosen as the basis for the study: Russian, English and Chinese. The study reveals the need to use an interdisciplinary approach in linguistics, the possibilities of which can be realized through the study of verbal representatives of the concept in question in languages of different structure. The research is using methods of content analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, and modeling. A comprehensive analysis consisting of three stages was carried out. At the first stage, the categories of the concept were described, denoting journey, end points, means of transportation, units of measurement, which made it possible to identify the semantic volume of the concept, i. e. its core zone. At the second stage, a contextual analysis of additional features of this concept was carried out, which are determined by the peculiarities of the geographical location and social structure of the three countries. At the third stage, the peripheral zone of the concept under consideration was explored, revealing its representation using expressive means. At the end of the study, it was proven that national linguocultural features determine the specificity of the means of representing the concept of “travel” in the works “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by Alexander N. Radishchev, “Journey to the West” by Wu Cheng’en and “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe.
Coronary microvascular obstruction in percutaneous coronary interventions in myocardial infarction patients: a comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment
Authors: Frolov A.A. , Pochinka I.G. , Frolov I.A. , Kuzmichev K.V. , Mukhin A.S. , Sharabrin E.G.
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study intends to evaluate the prognostic value of a comprehensive approach to prevention and treating the coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO) upon percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: A single-center cohort study was conducted in patients characterizing by type 1 STEMI, emergency PCI, a total ischemic time of less than 12 hours, and the development of CMVO (TIMI flow grade < 3 or Myocardial blush grade < 2). Patients with cardiogenic shock prior to PCI were excluded. A proposed comprehensive approach included the following five rules: thromboaspiration in case of severe thrombosis, platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers, "minimally invasive PCI," intracoronary administration of isosorbide dinitrate and verapamil hydrochloride upon the development of CMVO. The approach was considered to be applied if three or more rules were retained. The median follow-up period was 805 [14; 1,127] days. A multivariate analysis of the risk of long-term mortality was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: A total of 202 patients were included in the study and 53 (26.3%) of them had a fatal outcome; in particular, 16 (7.9%) patients died at the hospital stage and 27 (13.4%) after discharge. Multivariate analysis of predictors of mortality showed that the using of a comprehensive approach to prevention and treating CMVO reduces the probability of death during follow-up period by 4 times with risk ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.87 and p = 0.03.
Conclusion: The introducing of the proposed comprehensive approach to prevention and treating CMVO upon PCI in patients with STEMI is associated with a lower probability of death within 805 days after the intervention.
Received 30 July 2024. Revised 25 September 2024. Accepted 1 October 2024.
FundingThe study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: A.A. Frolov, E.G. Sharabrin, I.G. Pochinka Data collection and analysis: A.A. Frolov, I.A. Frolov, K.V. Kuzmichev Statistical analysis: A.A. Frolov, I.A. Frolov, K.V. Kuzmichev Drafting the article: A.A. Frolov, I.G. Pochinka, I.A. Frolov Critical revision of the article: I.G. Pochinka, A.S. Mukhin, E.G. Sharabrin Final approval of the version to be published: A.A. Frolov, I.G. Pochinka, I.A. Frolov, K.V. Kuzmichev, A.S. Mukhin, E.G. Sharabrin
Screening of Optimal Phytoconstituents through in silico Docking, Toxicity, Pharmacokinetic, and Molecular Dynamics Approach for Fighting against Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Narayanan Pavithra Lakshmi , Vellapandian Chitra
Published: November 2024

Background:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder caused by excessive secretion
of male sex hormones in females. Herbal remedies for PCOS are lightning up as they bypass the adverse
effects and are profoundly safe on prolonged usage.

Objective:

The present study included a selection of 34 herbs pursuing biological effects on the uterus, and
their major chemical constituents were subjected to a series of in silico techniques using different software.
The proteins contributing majorly to the hormonal functions like Human cytochrome P450 CYP17A1
(3RUK), Progesterone (1E3K), and estrogen receptor (1X7R) were selected for the study.

Methods:

Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock 1.5.7. The pharmacokinetic properties
were predicted using the SwissADME online tool, while toxicity parameters were assessed with OSIRIS toxicity
explorer and pkCSM. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were performed using
the Schrödinger suite.

Results:

Constituents with a basic steroidal nucleus demonstrated high binding energy values. An analysis of
all the in silico techniques showed that Sarsasapogenin from Asparagus racemosus exhibited strong binding
energies of -10.88 kcal/mol, -10.51 kcal/mol, and -9.79 kcal/mol with the selected specific proteins. In molecular
dynamics simulations, Sarsasapogenin displayed ideal stability, with RMSD fluctuations below 3 Å and
RMSF slightly higher than the corresponding peak of apoprotein. Additionally, it showed a favorable druglikeness
profile and non-toxic effects across all screened parameters.

Conclusion:

From the list of the selected constituents, sarsasapogenin was found to be ideal, and further research
on it for targeting PCOS is expected to yield promising results.
The Prognostic Value and Immunotherapeutic Characteristics of GFPT2 in Pan-cancer
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Dong Yuchao
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying relationship of diagnosis
and therapy between glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2)
and various cancers.

Methods:

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to get gene expression
RNAseq and clinical data for 33 tumors. The immunotherapeutic cohorts, including GSE35640,
GSE78220, GSE67501, GSE181815, and IMvigor210, were derived from the Gene Expression
Omnibus database (GEO) and a previously released article. Differential expression
analysis of GFPT2 was performed using several clinical factors, and prognostic analysis was performed
using Cox proportional hazard regression. In addition, the Cell type Identification By
Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) and the Estimation of STromal
and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues utilizing Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms
were used to investigate the connection between GFPT2 and the tumor microenvironment.
This approach additionally incorporated dynamic immunological indicators, such as tumor mutational
burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). In addition, a correlation between
GFPT2 expression and the effectiveness of anticancer drugs was plotted for discussion.

Results:

GFPT2 expression significantly differed in 11 out of 33 cancers. Although the distinct
correlation between GFPT2 expression and clinical parameters had no wide distribution in
pan-cancer, it demonstrated the potential prognostic validity of gene expression. GFPT2
demonstrated a strong correlation with immune infiltration, immune modulators, and immunerelated
biomarkers. Furthermore, a variance analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between
GFPT2 and the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, GFPT2 was associated with increased
sensitivity of drugs such as Olaparib and Lenvatinib and decreased sensitivity of drugs
such as Nilotinib.

Conclusion:

Collectively, GFPT2 is potentially useful as a biomarker for prognostic prediction
and immune infiltration in a variety of malignancies ,and could lead to exciting new approaches
to personalized oncotherapy.
Advances and Challenges of Microneedle Assisted Drug Delivery for Biomedicals Applications: A Review
Authors: Bahadur Shiv , Radhika  , Sahu Kantrol Kumar , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: November 2024

Microneedles have been explored as a novel way of delivering active ingredients into
the skin. They have various advantages, such as quick and efficient drug delivery, mechanical
stability, minimal pain, variable capacity and easy use. Microneedles are enabled for the delivery
of vaccine, peptides, medicinal components and in cosmetology, which couldn’t go unnoticed.
The novel approaches in the transdermal drug delivery system have increased the efficiency
of drug delivery into the skin by crossing the skin barriers. This platform has a wide range of
applications and can also be used to deliver non-transdermal biomedicals. The variety in the design
of microneedles has demanded similar diversity in their methods of fabrication; micro
molding and drawing lithography may be useful methods. There are different types of polymers
and materials for the fabrication of microneedles. Several synthetic and natural materials are
used in the fabrication of microneedles. Unique shapes, materials, and mechanical properties are
modified for organ-specific applications in microneedle engineering. In this review, we discuss
several factors and their roles to cross the biological barriers for transdermal drug delivery in
various sites, such as in ocular, vascular, oral, and mucosal tissue. Additionally, this article highlights
the future scope of transdermal drug delivery systems through microneedles.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Characterization, In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Benzyl Tetrazole-N-Isobutyl
Acetamide Hybrid
Authors: Geetha Selvaraj , Sribalan Rajendran , Lakshmi Srinivasakannan
Published: November 2024

Background:

Tetrazole-based compounds are of significant interest due to their potential
pharmacological applications. The current study focuses on the synthesis and analysis of such
a compound.

Objective:

This research aims to synthesize the title compound N-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1Htetrazol-
1-yl) butyl) acetamide, analyze its crystal structure, perform computational studies, and
evaluate its potential pharmacological activities and it’s in silico and in vitro supports, specifically
antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods:

The title compound, C14H19N5O, was synthesized, and its crystal structure was confirmed
using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis by default parameters. Density Functional
Theory (DFT) calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09W software package with the
B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) method to optimize the compound's structure and calculate its HOMOLUMO
energy gap, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), and Mulliken charge distribution. In
vitro, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed and compared with standard
drugs by using reported protocols. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted with
enzymes related to diabetes and inflammation with default parameters, and Auto-Dock 4.2 software
was used.

Results:

The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystal structure, and the Density Functional
Theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the molecular properties of the compound.
Molecular docking experiments with relevant enzymes further supported the significant
antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated in the in vitro tests.

Conclusion:

The synthesized tetrazole-based compound exhibits promising antidiabetic and antiinflammatory
activities, supported by both experimental and theoretical studies, suggesting its
potential for further pharmacological investigation.
Design of Cascode Current Mirror Using CMOS Technology for Low Power Application
Authors: Muzira Kudakwashe , Chander Sweta , Sinha Sanjeet Kumar
Published: November 2024

Background:

Many applications, including biological applications, require a very high
output impedance current mirror because they run at very low voltages. The circuit known as the
current mirror applies the idea that two identical MOS transistors with the same gate-source voltage
will have equal channel currents flowing through them.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to optimize the design to minimize power consumption
while maintaining accurate current mirroring, which is crucial for low-power and energy-efficient
electronic systems.

Methods:

This study is performed in Cadence Virtuoso using the gdpk45 technology node to construct
a cascode current mirror, comparing simulation findings to other contemporary mirrors.

Results:

A significant improvement in power usage is shown compared to other current mirrors, and
a small signal model analysis of the circuit, the design, and its mathematical model is investigated.

Conclusion:

Compared to the circuits that were previously designed, the output resistance values
are substantially greater. The cascode current mirror that is suggested in this paper uses 48 μW of
electricity, while the other cascode current mirror uses 74.186 μW.
60-GHz Millimeter-Wave over Visible Light Communications for Downlink Wireless Networks
Authors: Hamami Bouthaina , Graini Leila
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective:

In this paper, we address potential solution for downlink
wireless communications by integrating visible light communications (VLC) with the broadband
radio frequency (RF) networks operating at 60 GHz-millimeter wave (mmWave) band. For this hybrid
design, the outdoor 60 GHz-mmWave based RF link is utilized to ensure backhaul connectivity
for VLC indoor system, while the VLC exploiting the lighting infrastructure that essentially used
LEDs as optical source to provide low-cost and high-speed data access.

Methods:

The hybrid 60 GHz-mmWave/VLC system is analyzed by using 16-QAM OFDM signal,
and its performance is investigated by evaluating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the received
signal power distributions, for regular placement of LEDs and random location of receivers within
the room. The impact of the transmitter-receiver parameters, and their orientations and directivities
are also considered.

Results:

Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed system, which can retransmit RF
signals at 60 GHz-mmWave band using visible optical carriers in the indoor environment.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the hybrid 60 GHz-mmWave/VLC system is able to provide
reliable wireless data transmission, making it an attractive solution for downlink indoor communications.
Transferosome as Nanocarrier for Drug Penetration Enhancement Across Skin: A Comparison with Liposome and Ethosome
Authors: Kumar Dhanesh , Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Verma Astha , Ajazuddin
Published: November 2024

Transdermal drug delivery systems have greatly attracted investigators because of their
advantages over parenteral and oral delivery methods. The skin's structure usually limits drug penetration,
prompting the development of vesicular transdermal drug delivery systems like ethosomes,
liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, etc., to increase drug delivery. This review aims to
explore the concept of transferosome and to compare its composition and functionality with other
vesicular systems. The recent applications of transferosomes in transdermal drug delivery were also
discussed. An extensive literature review was conducted to gather information on the composition
of transferosomes, their mechanism of action, and their comparative advantages over other
vesicular systems. Transferosomes are composed of phosphatidylcholine and an edge activator,
which provide an ultra-deformable characteristic, allowing them to penetrate the skin’s inner layers
via paracellular and intercellular pathways. The primary mechanism guiding transferosomes into
the epidermis layer of skin is the osmotic gradient. Transferosomes overcome the limitations of
liposomes and ethosomes, such as low encapsulation potential for hydrophilic molecules, leaky behaviour
due to an uneven membrane, a short shelf-life, and other issues. Transferosomes have
shown significant potential in transdermal drug delivery, with extensive research supporting their
use in various drug categories, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetics, etc. The
ability of transferosomes to penetrate the skin layers effectively makes them a promising carrier
for further research in the delivery of different classes of drugs.
A Deep Learning Framework with Learning without Forgetting for Intelligent Surveillance in IoT-enabled Home Environments in Smart Cities
Authors: Dalal Surjeet , Dahiya Neeraj , Verma Amit , Faujdar Neetu , Rathee Sarita , Jaglan Vivek , Rani Uma , Le Dac-Nhuong
Published: November 2024

Background:

Internet of Things (IoT) technology in smart urban homes has revolutionised
sophisticated monitoring. This progress uses interconnected devices and systems to
improve security, resource management, and resident safety. Smart cities use technology to
improve efficiency, sustainability, and quality. Internet of Things-enabled intelligent monitoring
technologies are key to this goal.

Objectives:

Intelligent monitoring in IoT-enabled homes in smart cities improves security,
convenience, and quality of life from advanced technologies. Using live monitoring and risk
identification tools to quickly discover and resolve security breaches and suspicious activity to
protect citizens. Intelligent devices allow homeowners to remotely control lighting, security
locks, and surveillance cameras. Using advanced technologies to regulate heating, cooling, and
lighting based on occupancy and usage.

Method:

This study introduces a deep learning architecture that uses LwF (Learning without
Forgetting) to keep patterns while absorbing new data. The authors use IoT devices to collect
and analyse data in real-time for monitoring and surveillance. They use sophisticated data preprocessing
to handle IoT devices' massive data. The authors train the deep learning model with
historical and real-time data and cross-validation to ensure resilience.

Result:

The proposed model has been validated on two different Robloflow datasets of 7382
images. The proposed model gains an accuracy level of 98.27%. The proposed Yolo-LwF
model outperforms both the original Yolo and LwF models in terms of detection speed and
adaptive learning.

Conclusion:

By raising the bar for intelligent monitoring solutions in smart cities, the suggested
system is ideal for real-time, adaptive surveillance in IoT-enabled households. By embracing
adaptability and knowledge retention, authors envision heightened security and safety levels
in urban settings.
Real Time Object Detection Algorithm in Foggy Weather Based on WVIT-YOLO Model
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Zhang Qinghua , Gong Yifei , Yao Feifan , Xiao Pan
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

To address the challenges of low visibility, object recognition difficulties,
and low detection accuracy in foggy weather, this paper introduces the WViT-YOLO
real-time fog detection model, built on the YOLOv5 framework. The NVIT-Net backbone
network, incorporating NTB and NCB modules, enhances the model's ability to extract both
global and local features from images.

Method:

An efficient convolutional C3_DSConv module is designed and integrated with
channel attention mechanisms and ShuffleAttention at each upsampling stage, improving the
model's computational speed and its ability to detect small and blurry objects. The Wise-IOU
loss function is utilized during the prediction stage to enhance the model's convergence efficiency.

Result:

Experimental results on the publicly available RTTS dataset for vehicle detection in
foggy conditions demonstrate that the WViT-YOLO model achieves a 3.2% increase in precision,
a 9.5% rise in recall, and an 8.6% improvement in mAP50 compared to the baseline model.
Furthermore, WViT-YOLO shows a 9.5% and 8.6% mAP50 improvement over YOLOv7
and YOLOv8, respectively. For detecting small and blurry objects in foggy conditions, the
model demonstrates approximately a 5% improvement over the benchmark, significantly enhancing
the detection network's generalization ability under foggy conditions.

Conclusion:

This advancement is crucial for improving vehicle safety in such weather. The
code is available at https://github.com/QinghuaZhang1/mode.
Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin Analogous: Prospective and Advances
Authors: Yadav Harsh , Malviya Rishabha , Kaushik Niranjan , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to investigate the therapeutic potential of quer-cetin and related compounds by elucidating their pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of action. The potential benefits of quercetin and its analogs for cardiovascular health, disorders of the brain, metabolic disorders, and more are discussed in the discussion part of this page. Concerns about their clinical efficacy due to issues with bioavailability and distribution are also discussed. This region of the paper emphasizes the importance of researchers and clinicians working together to maximize the incorporation of these chemicals into real-world therapeutic approaches. In conclusion, quercetin, along with related substances, shows great potential in a wide range of therapeutic settings. Potentially useful for the management of a wide variety of illnesses, their multiple methods of action include the regulation of pathways for cell signaling and interaction with different enzymes. However, additional clinical tri-als are needed to verify their efficacy and safety.
Bioactive Molecules from Marine Macroalgae for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Reference to their Inhibitory Activity: An Overview
Authors: Radha Vijayaraj , Altaff Kareem
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue related to insulin that is associated
with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Synthetic hypoglycemic medications can
be used to treat diabetes; however, long-term use of these medications has several
negative effects. As a result, there is a paradigm change in favor of using natural agents
that may be antidiabetic. The marine environment is a rich source of both biological
and chemical diversity, which is being investigated to identify novel compounds with
potential for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional supplement industries.
Marine organisms, especially marine macroalgae, comprise numerous significant novel
secondary metabolites possessing strong pharmacological characteristics that have been
identified. Sources of marine macroalgae include various bioactive compounds
exhibiting various health-promoting properties. Hence, the present chapter aimed to
discuss the different antidiabetic mechanisms of bioactive compounds from marine
macroalgae and also talked about the variety of marine macroalgal bioactive substances
that could help avoid or manage type 2 diabetes by focusing on several
pharmacologically significant pathways, such as preventing the activity of enzymes
like lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase
1B, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4.
Herbs as Dietary Medicine
Authors: Devadasan Velmurugan , Vasudevan Vinduja , Suresh Harykrishnan , Dhanabalan Anantha Krishnan , Pachaiappan Raman
Published: November 2024

Nutraceuticals can be utilized to improve wellness, reduce the rate of aging,
avert chronic diseases, prolong life, andkeep the body in good shape. Because of their
excellent nutritive, safety, as well as potential health benefits, nutraceuticals have lately
received considerable interest. Supplementing the diet can help fulfill the increased
nutritional requirements of one’s highly demanding lifestyle or health condition. Stress,
health problems, and a vigorous lifestyle can all lead to an increased demand for very
precise minerals or vitamins in the body. This article provides insight into various plant
compounds that have therapeutic properties and that can be used as health supplements
with nutraceutical activities.
Evaluation of Anti-aflatoxicosis Potential of Solanum americanum Mill. – An Important Traditional Medicinal Plant
Authors: Yogananth N. , Selvi R. , Ali M. Syed , Devadasan Velmurugan , Dhanabalan Anantha Krishnan , Muthezhilan R.
Published: November 2024

The contamination of aflatoxin (AF) in animal diets manifests harmful
effects on animal health and productivity. The effect of ethanolic leaf extracts of
Solanum americanum in rat diet against aflatoxicosis has been discussed. All
hematological and biochemical parameters of AF-alone treated rats were significantly
changed when compared to normal diet-treated ones. The obtained results indicated
that the administration of the leaf extract of S. americanum to aflatoxicated rats
improved the hematological and biochemical parameters toward their respective
normal value. Molecular docking studies have been undertaken for the
phytoconstituents reported for this plant against two cancers and inflammation-related
protein targets. The results of this study indicated that S. americanum has the
possibility of serving as an easily obtainable natural antiaflatoxigenic source for food
supplements or the pharmaceutical sector.