bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute iron oxide nanoparticles exposure induced murine eosinophilic airway inflammation via TLR2 and TLR4 signaling
Authors: Yue Liang , Qidian Li , Jiawei Wang , Rou Xue , Miao He
Published: January 2022

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) is the main component of air pollution particles in urban rail transit environment. People are more exposed to Fe2O3 NPs, however, the studies on relationship between Fe2O3 NPs and respiratory health are limited. In the present study, acute airway inflammation caused by Fe2O3 NPs and its possible mechanism were investigated. BALB/c mice were intratracheally challenged with different concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Fe2O3 NPs induced bronchial epithelial barrier function damage, infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes into the airway submucosa, secretion of mucus in the airway epithelium and elevated expression of eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) in lungs. Compared with the control group, Fe2O3 NPs increased eosinophils by 20 times in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and markedly increased eosinophils related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL) ‐5, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐3, eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). Furthermore, Fe2O3 NPs up‐regulated levels of IL‐5, MCP‐3, eotaxin, and KC in serum. In vitro studies showed that Fe2O3 NPs increased the genes and proteins expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐2, TLR4, TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, and TNF‐α in RAW267.4 cells. The downstream inflammatory cytokine protein expression and release such as TNF‐α was significantly decreased after using TLR2/TLR4 inhibitor OxPAPC, but not MyD88 inhibitor ST2825. These results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 played important role in Fe2O3 NPs inducing acute eosinophilic airway inflammation in the murine lung.
Ensuring decent work on digital labour platforms
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

This chapter takes a broad approach to regulation to describe the forms of governance and initiatives undertaken by platforms, governments and social partners to address the emerging challenges, focusing on labour and social protection. It then focuses on the discussion about what “decent work” for platform workers means, grounding the analysis in ILO Conventions and Recommendations. As there are frequently gaps between the current rules for digital platform work and what they should be from a decent work perspective, it then proceeds to examine initiatives from governments and the social partners that try to bridge those gaps.
Correction to: Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Pelz Peter F. , Groche Peter , Pfetsch Marc E. , Schaeffner Maximilian
Published: January 2022

.
Cheeger bounds on spin-two fields
Authors: De Luca G. Bruno , De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea , Tomasiello Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We consider gravity compactifications whose internal space consists of small bridges connecting larger manifolds, possibly noncompact. We prove that, under rather general assumptions, this leads to a massive spin-two field with very small mass. The argument involves a recently-noticed relation to Bakry-Émery geometry, a version of the so-called Cheeger constant, and the theory of synthetic Ricci lower bounds. The latter technique allows generalizations to non-smooth spaces such as those with D-brane singularities. For AdSdvacua with a bridge admitting an AdSd+1interpretation, the holographic dual is a CFTdwith two CFTd−1boundaries. The ratio of their degrees of freedom gives the graviton mass, generalizing results obtained by Bachas and Lavdas ford= 4. We also prove new bounds on the higher eigenvalues. These are in agreement with the spin-two swampland conjecture in the regime where the background is scale-separated; in the opposite regime we provide examples where they are in naive tension with it.
Learning in one minute: survey of the One Minute Wonder Network
Authors: Krüger Lars , Mannebach Thomas , Rahner Marianne , Timpe Fabian , Wefer Franziska , Nydahl Peter
Published: January 2022

Background

Continuous education of clinicians improves quality of care. One Minute Wonder (OMW) summarize best practice knowledge on one page that can be hung on a wall and can be read during waiting times of just one minute. OMW are a fast, efficient and easy-to-adapt educational method and can easily be shared. Since 2018, an interprofessional network has been set up for OMW in German-speaking countries, but the benefits have not been evaluated yet.

Aim

The primary objective of this evaluation study was to examine whether and to what extent the members of the OMW network used OMW for training in different settings. Secondary objectives were subjective educational gain, OMW as a training method, and OMW-related structures and processes.

Methods

An online survey within the OMW network with 301 members over a period of 3 weeks in 2020 was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results

Response rate was 62.8% (n = 191). Most participants have used OMW for < 6 months (32.5%, n = 62), developed 1–10 OMW (42.4%, n = 81) by themselves and changed them infrequently (43.5%, n = 74). Topics were most often nursing interventions (79.6%, n = 152), diseases (71.2%, n = 136), drugs (64.4%, n = 123) and others. Participants reported that OMW extended professional knowledge, stimulated them to reflect on their work and are useful for sharing best practice knowledge. Authors of OMW were most often nurses (53.9%, n = 103), who were inspired by the OMW network or by questions of the team.

Conclusion

Participants use OMW in practice to share best practice knowledge.
Psychosoziale Versorgung für Kinder mit seltenen Erkrankungen und ihren Eltern und Geschwistern im Verbund CARE-FAM-NET
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Denecke Jonas ,   Verbund CARE-FAM-NET
Published: January 2022

Seltene Erkrankungen (SE) sind eine sehr heterogene Gruppe komplexer Krankheitsbilder, verlaufen meist chronisch, können die Lebenserwartung einschränken und manifestieren sich oft bereits im Kindesalter. Das Krankheitsmanagement erfordert meist einen hohen Grad an Unterstützung und Pflege durch Eltern und Geschwister und stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Familie. Die Betroffenen, ihre Geschwister und Eltern sind häufig körperlich und psychisch hochbelastet. Dennoch muss die Familie „funktionieren“ und die Pflege des erkrankten Kindes organisieren. Selbst bei großen Belastungen und psychischen Symptomen suchen viele Eltern keine herkömmliche psychosoziale Versorgung für sich oder ihr Kind auf, weil dies zusätzliche Ressourcen erfordern würde. „Children affected by rare diseases and their families–network“ (CARE-FAM-NET) bündelt renommierte, auf Kinder mit SE spezialisierte Partner und Zentren: vonseiten der Kinderkliniken, psychosozialen Medizin, Selbsthilfe, Gesundheitsökonomie, Biometrie und Qualitätssicherung, Jugendhilfe und Bundespolitik. Zentrale Ziele bestehen in Implementierung, Begleitevaluation und Transfer der neuen „Face-to-face“- (CARE-FAM) und Online-Intervention (WEP-CARE [Webbasiertes Elterprogramm-CARE]) für Kinder mit SE und ihre Familien an bundesweit 17 Standorten. Im Zentrum des Versorgungsmodells von CARE-FAM-NET steht eine psychosoziale Intervention, die individuell und passgenau auf die jeweilige Familie zugeschnitten ist und den genannten Anforderungen gerecht wird: sektorenübergreifend, bedarfs-, familienorientiert, interdisziplinär und fachübergreifend. Die Bedingungen für den Transfer der neuen Versorgungsformen in die Regelversorgung werden in CARE-FAM-NET geschaffen, geprüft und diese sollen nach positiver Evaluation in der Regelversorgung umgesetzt werden.
Migration and Mobility: Correlates of Recent HIV Testing Among Substance Using Female Sex Workers at the Mexico–Guatemala Border
Authors: Rocha-Jiménez Teresita , Morales-Miranda Sonia , Fernández-Casanueva Carmen , Silverman Jay G. , Zúñiga María Luisa , Goldenberg Shira M. , Crespo Noe , Brouwer Kimberly C.
Published: January 2022

The goal of this paper is to determine the association between traveling to engage in sex work in another country and recent access to HIV testing among substance-using female sex workers (FSWs) in the Mexico–Guatemala border region. From 2012 to 2015, through modified time-location sampling and peer referral, 255 FSWs were recruited at Mexico’s southern border. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, migration and mobility experiences, work environment factors, and substance use. A conceptual framework, as depicted by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), guided our analysis. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between mobility experiences and HIV testing in the past year. Overall HIV testing was low (41%); after considering relevant covariates (i.e., interaction with health services and organizations, and sex work characteristics) traveling to engage in sex work in another country was found to be positively associated with HIV testing in the past year. Future efforts need to consider voluntary and non-stigmatizing prevention HIV services and focus on reaching out to less mobile women.
Can global models provide insights into regional mitigation strategies? A diagnostic model comparison study of bioenergy in Brazil
Authors: Köberle Alexandre C. , Daioglou Vassilis , Rochedo Pedro , Lucena André F. P. , Szklo Alexandre , Fujimori Shinichiro , Brunelle Thierry , Kato Etsushi , Kitous Alban , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Schaeffer Roberto
Published: January 2022

The usefulness of global integrated assessment model (IAM) results for policy recommendation in specific regions has not been fully assessed to date. This study presents the variation in results across models for a given region, and what might be behind this variation and how model assumptions and structures drive results. Understanding what drives the differences across model results is important for national policy relevance of global scenarios. We focus on the use of bioenergy in Brazil, a country expected to play an important role in future bioenergy production. We use results of the Stanford University Energy Modeling Forum’s 33rd Study (EMF-33) model comparison exercise to compare and assess projections of Brazil’s bioenergy pathways under climate mitigation scenarios to explore how 10 global IAMs compare to recent trends in the country. We find that, in their current form, global IAMs have limited potential to supply robust insights into regional mitigation strategies. Our results suggest fertile ground for a new research agenda to improve regional representation in global IAMs with improved spatial and technological resolutions.
Parallel analysis of Ethereum blockchain transaction data using cluster computing
Authors: Kılıç Baran , Özturan Can , Sen Alper
Published: January 2022

Ability to perform fast analysis on massive public blockchain transaction data is needed in various applications such as tracing fraudulent financial transactions. The blockchain data is continuously growing and is organized as a sequence of blocks containing transactions. This organization, however, cannot be used for parallel graph algorithms which need efficient distributed graph data structures. Using message passing libraries (MPI), we develop a scalable cluster-based system that constructs a distributed transaction graph in parallel and implement various transaction analysis algorithms. We report performance results from our system operating on roughly 5 years of 10.2 million block Ethereum Mainnet blockchain data. We report timings obtained from tests involving distributed transaction graph construction, partitioning, page ranking of addresses, degree distribution, token transaction counting, connected components finding and our new parallel blacklisted address trace forest computation algorithm on a 16 node economical cluster set up on the Amazon cloud. Our system is able to construct a distributed graph of 766 million transactions in 218 s and compute the forest of blacklisted address traces in 32 s.
Para-Kähler-Einstein 4-manifolds and non-integrable twistor distributions
Authors: Bor Gil , Makhmali Omid , Nurowski Paweł
Published: January 2022

We study the local geometry of 4-manifolds equipped with apara-Kähler-Einstein(pKE) metric, a special type of split-signature pseudo-Riemannian metric, and their associatedtwistor distribution, a rank 2 distribution on the 5-dimensional total space of the circle bundle of self-dual null 2-planes. For pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature this twistor distribution has exactly two integral leaves and is ‘maximally non-integrable’ on their complement, a so-called (2,3,5)-distribution. Our main result establishes a simple correspondence between the anti-self-dual Weyl tensor of a pKE metric with non-zero scalar curvature and the Cartan quartic of the associated twistor distribution. This will be followed by a discussion of this correspondence for general split-signature metrics which is shown to be much more involved. We use Cartan’s method of equivalence to produce a large number of explicit examples of pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature whose anti-self-dual Weyl tensor have special real Petrov type. In the case of real Petrov typeD,  we obtain a complete local classification. Combined with the main result, this produces twistor distributions whose Cartan quartic has the same algebraic type as the Petrov type of the constructed pKE metrics. In a similar manner, one can obtain twistor distributions with Cartan quartic of arbitrary algebraic type. As a byproduct of our pKE examples we naturally obtain para-Sasaki-Einstein metrics in five dimensions. Furthermore, we study various Cartan geometries naturally associated to certain classes of pKE 4-dimensional metrics. We observe that in some geometrically distinguished cases the correspondingCartan connectionssatisfy the Yang-Mills equations. We then provide explicit examples of such Yang-Mills Cartan connections.
Atrial fibrillation driver identification through regional mutual information networks: a modeling perspective
Authors: Sha Qun , Elliott Luizetta , Zhang Xiangming , Levy Tzachi , Sharma Tushar , Abdelaal Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Effective identification of electrical drivers within remodeled tissue is a key for improving ablation treatment for atrial fibrillation. We have developed a mutual information, graph-based approach to identify and propose fault tolerance metric of local efficiency as a distinguishing feature of rotational activation and remodeled atrial tissue.

Methods

Voltage data were extracted from atrial tissue simulations (2D Karma, 3D physiological, and the Multiscale Cardiac Simulation Framework (MSCSF)) using multi-spline open and parallel regional mapping catheter geometries. Graphs were generated based on varied mutual information thresholds between electrode pairs and the local efficiency for each graph was calculated.

Results

High-resolution mapping catheter geometries can distinguish between rotational and irregular activation patterns using the derivative of local efficiency as a function of increasing mutual information threshold. The derivative is decreased for rotational activation patterns comparing to irregular activations in both a simplified 2D model (0.0017 ± 1 × 10−4 vs. 0.0032 ± 1 × 10−4, p < 0.01) and a more realistic 3D model (0.00092 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0014 ± 4 × 10−5, p < 0.01). Average local efficiency derivative can also distinguish between degrees of remodeling. Simulations using the MSCSF model, with 10 vs. 90% remodeling, display distinct derivatives in the grid design parallel spline catheter configuration (0.0015 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0019 ± 6 × 10−5, p < 0.01) and the flower shaped open spline configuration (0.0011 ± 5 × 10−5 vs. 0.0016 ± 4 × 10−5, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

A decreased derivative of local efficiency characterizes rotational activation and varies with atrial remodeling. This suggests a distinct communication pattern in cardiac rotational activation detectable via high-resolution regional mapping and could enable identification of electrical drivers for targeted ablation.
Achieving stomal continence with an ileal pouch and a percutaneous implant
Authors: Johansson Martin L. , Hultén Leif , Jonsson Olof , Ben Amara Heithem , Thomsen Peter , Edwin Bjørn
Published: January 2022

In this study, a soft-tissue-anchored, percutaneous port used as a mechanical continence-preserving valve in reservoir ileo- and urostomies was functionally and morphologically evaluated in eight dogs. During follow-up, the skin failed to attach to the implant, but the intestine inside the stoma port appeared to be attached to the mesh. After reaching adequate reservoir volume, the urostomies were rendered continent by attaching a lid to the implant. The experiments were ended at different time intervals due to implant-related adverse events. In only one case did the histological evaluation reveal integration at both the implant-intestine and implant-skin interfaces, with a low degree of inflammation and the absence of bacterial colonisation. In the remaining cases, integration was not obtained and instead mucosal downgrowth and biofilm formation were observed. The skin-implant junction was characterised by the absence of direct contact between the epidermis and the implant. Varying degrees of epidermal downgrowth, granulation tissue formation, inflammatory cell infiltration and bacterial growth and biofilm formation were prominent findings. In contrast, the subcutaneously located anchor part of the titanium port was well integrated and encapsulated by fibrous tissue. These results demonstrate the opportunity to achieve integration between a soft-tissue-anchored titanium port, skin and intestine. However, predictable long-term function could not be achieved in these animal models due to implant- and non-implant-related adverse events. Unless barriers at both the implant-skin and implant-intestine junctions are created, epidermal and mucosal downward migration and biofilm formation will jeopardise implant performance.
Altered Epithelial-mesenchymal Plasticity as a Result of Ovol2 Deletion Minimally Impacts the Self-renewal of Adult Mammary Basal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sun Peng , Han Yingying , Plikus Maksim , Dai Xing
Published: January 2022

Stem-cell containing mammary basal epithelial cells exist in a quasi-mesenchymal transcriptional state characterized by simultaneous expression of typical epithelial genes and typical mesenchymal genes. Whether robust maintenance of such a transcriptional state is required for adult basal stem cells to fuel self-renewal and regeneration remains unclear. In this work, we utilized SMA-CreER to direct efficient basal cell-specific deletion of Ovol2, which encodes a transcription factor that inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in adult mammary gland. We identified a basal cell-intrinsic role of Ovol2 in promoting epithelial, and suppressing mesenchymal, molecular traits. Interestingly, Ovol2-deficient basal cells display minimal perturbations in their ability to support tissue homeostasis, colony formation, and transplant outgrowth. These findings underscore the ability of adult mammary basal cells to tolerate molecular perturbations associated with altered epithelia-mesenchymal plasticity without drastically compromising their self-renewal potential.
Porous APS YSZ TBC Manufactured at High Powder Feed Rate (100 g/min) and Deposition Efficiency (70%): Microstructure, Bond Strength and Thermal Gradients
Authors: Lima Rogerio S.
Published: January 2022

There is a strong driving force to improve the production efficiency of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) manufactured via air plasma spray (APS). To address this need, the high-enthalpy APS torch Axial III Plus was employed to successfully manufacture TBCs by spraying a commercial YSZ feedstock at powder feed rate of 100 g/min using an optimized set of N2/H2spray parameters; which yielded an impressive YSZ deposition efficiency (DE) value of 70%. This exact same set of optimized spray parameters was used to manufacture the same identical YSZ TBC (over ~160 µm-thick bond-coated substrates) but at two distinct YSZ thickness levels: (i) ~420 µm-thick and (ii) ~930 µm-thick. In spite of the high YSZ feed rate and DE levels, the YSZ TBC revealed a ~14% porous (conventional looking) microstructure, without segmented cracking or horizontal delamination at both thickness levels. The bond strength values measured via the ASTM C633 standard for the ~420 µm-thick and ~930 µm-thick YSZ TBCs were ~13.0 and ~11.6 MPa (respectively); which are among at the upper end values reported in the literature. After the first objective was attained, the second key objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal insulating effectiveness of these two as-sprayed YSZ TBCs. To achieve this objective, a thermal gradient laser-rig was employed to generate a temperature reduction (ΔT) along the TBC-coated coupons under different laser power levels. These distinct laser power levels generated YSZ TBC surface temperatures varying for 1100 to 1500 °C, for the ~420 µm-thick YSZ TBC, and from 1100 to 1680 °C YSZ TBC ~930 µm-thick YSZ TBC. The respective ΔT values for both TBCs are reported. The results of this engineering paper are promising regarding the possibility of improving considerably the manufacturing efficiency of industrial quality conventional-looking porous YSZ TBCs, by using a high-enthalpy N2-based APS torch. This is the first paper published in the open literature showing R&D results of coatings manufactured via the Axial III Plus APS torch.
$$\alpha $$-Modulation Spaces for Step Two Stratified Lie Groups
Authors: Berge Eirik
Published: January 2022

We define and investigate $$\alpha $$
α
-modulation spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }(G)$$

M

p
,
q

s
,
α

(
G
)

associated to a step two stratified Lie group G with rational structure constants. This is an extension of the Euclidean $$\alpha $$
α
-modulation spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

M

p
,
q

s
,
α

(

R

n

)

that act as intermediate spaces between the modulation spaces ($$\alpha = 0$$

α
=
0

) in time-frequency analysis and the Besov spaces ($$\alpha = 1$$

α
=
1

) in harmonic analysis. We will illustrate that the group structure and dilation structure on G affect the boundary cases $$\alpha = 0,1$$

α
=
0
,
1

where the spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$

M

p
,
q

s

(
G
)

and $${\mathcal {B}}_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$

B

p
,
q

s

(
G
)

have non-standard translation and dilation symmetries. Moreover, we show that the spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }(G)$$

M

p
,
q

s
,
α

(
G
)

are non-trivial and generally distinct from their Euclidean counterparts. Finally, we examine how the metric geometry of the coverings $${\mathcal {Q}}(G)$$

Q
(
G
)

underlying the $$\alpha = 0$$

α
=
0

case $$M_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$

M

p
,
q

s

(
G
)

allows for the existence of geometric embeddings $$\begin{aligned} F:M_{p,q}^{s}({\mathbb {R}}^k) \longrightarrow {} M_{p,q}^{s}(G), \end{aligned}$$

F
:

M

p
,
q

s

(

R

k

)

⟶

M

p
,
q

s

(
G
)

,

as long as k (that only depends on G) is small enough. Our approach naturally gives rise to several open problems that is further elaborated at the end of the paper.
Integrated fracture characterization of Asmari reservoir in Haftkel field
Authors: Khadivi Kourosh , Alinaghi Mojtaba , Dehghani Saeed , Soltani Mehrbod , Hassani Hamed , Mosavi Seyed Chaseb , Shiralipour Mansour , Fardin Hashem , Sanjari Sadegh , Partovi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

The Asmari reservoir in Haftkel field is one of the most prolific naturally fractured reservoirs in the Zagros folded zone in the southwest of Iran. The primary production was commenced in 1928 and continued until 1976 with a plateau rate of 200,000 bbl/day for several years. There was an initial gas cap on the oil column. Gas injection was commenced in June 1976 and so far, 28% of the initial oil in place have been recovered. As far as we concerned, fracture network is a key factor in sustaining oil production; therefore, it needs to be characterized and results be deployed in designing new wells to sustain future production. Multidisciplinary fracture evaluation from well to reservoir scale is a great privilege to improve model’s accuracy as well as enhancing reliability of future development plan in an efficient manner. Fracture identification and modeling usually establish at well scale and translate to reservoir using analytical or numerical algorithms with the limited tie-points between wells. Evaluating fracture network from production data can significantly improve conventional workflow where limited inter-well information is available. By incorporating those evidences, the fracture modeling workflow can be optimized further where lateral and vertical connectivity is a concern. This paper begins with the fracture characterization whereby all available data are evaluated to determine fracture patterns and extension of fracture network across the field. As results, a consistent correlation is obtained between the temperature gradient and productivity of wells, also convection phenomenon is confirmed. The findings of this section help us in better understanding fracture network, hydrodynamic communication and variation of temperature. Fracture modeling is the next step where characteristics of fractures are determined according to the structural geology and stress directions. Also, the fault’s related fractures and density of fractures are determined. Meanwhile, the results of data evaluation are deployed into the fracture model to control distribution and characteristics of fracture network, thereby a better representation is obtained that can be used for evaluating production data and optimizing development plan.
Semi-supervised multi-label classification using an extended graph-based manifold regularization
Authors: Li Ding , Dick Scott
Published: January 2022

Graph-based algorithms are known to be effective approaches to semi-supervised learning. However, there has been relatively little work on extending these algorithms to the multi-label classification case. We derive an extension of the Manifold Regularization algorithm to multi-label classification, which is significantly simpler than the general Vector Manifold Regularization approach. We then augment our algorithm with a weighting strategy to allow differential influence on a model between instances having ground-truth vs. induced labels. Experiments on four benchmark multi-label data sets show that the resulting algorithm performs better overall compared to the existing semi-supervised multi-label classification algorithms at various levels of label sparsity. Comparisons with state-of-the-art supervised multi-label approaches (which of course are fully labeled) also show that our algorithm outperforms all of them even with a substantial number of unlabeled examples.
The selection of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control programs based on group decision-making
Authors: Cui Chunsheng , Li Baiqiu , Wang Liu
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has been wreaking havoc on the world for close to two years. As the virus continues to mutate, epidemic prevention and control has become a long and experienced war. In the face of the sudden spread of virus strains, how to quickly and effectively formulate prevention and control plans are essential to ensuring the safety and social stability of cities. This paper is based on the characteristics, namely, its persistence and the high transmissibility of mutated strains, as well as the database of epidemic prevention and control plans formed as part of the existing prevention and control measures. Then, epidemic prevention experts select effective alternatives from the program database and rank their preferences through the preliminary analysis of the local epidemic situation. The process of the integration scheme aims to minimize the differences in an effort to maximize the needs of the local epidemic. Once the consensus ranking of the scheme is obtained, the final prevention and control scheme can be determined. The proposed method of this paper can optimize the opinions of the epidemic prevention expert group and form a consensus decision, whilst also saving time by carrying out the work effectively, which is of certain practical significance to the prevention and control effect of local outbreaks.
Tianwen-1 Mars entry vehicle trajectory and atmosphere reconstruction preliminary analysis
Authors: Wei Haogong , Rao Wei , Chen Guangqiang , Wang Guidong , Zou Xin , Li Qi , Hu Yanqi
Published: January 2022

The Tianwen-1 Mars entry vehicle successfully landed on the surface of Mars in southern Utopia Planitia on May 15, 2021, at 7:18 (UTC+8). To acquire valuable Martian flight data, a scientific instrumentation package consisting of a flush air data system and a multilayer temperature-sensing system was installed aboard the entry vehicle. A combined approach was applied in the entry, descent, and landing trajectory reconstruction using all available data obtained by the inertial measurement unit and the flush air data system. An aerodynamic database covering the entire flight regime was generated using computational fluid dynamics methods to assist in the reconstruction process. A preliminary analysis of the trajectory reconstruction result, along with the atmosphere reconstruction and aerodynamic performance, was conducted. The results show that the trajectory agrees closely with the nominal trajectory and the wind-relative attitude. Suspected wind occurred at the end of the trajectory.
Aerodynamic design, analysis, and validation techniques for the Tianwen-1 entry module
Authors: Li Qi , Rao Wei , Cheng Xiaoli , Wei Haogong , Wang Chuang , Dong Jie
Published: January 2022

The clear differences between the atmosphere of Mars and the Earth coupled with the lack of a domestic research basis were significant challenges for the aerodynamic prediction and verification of Tianwen-1. In addition, the Mars entry, descent, and landing (EDL) mission led to specific requirements for the accuracy of the aerodynamic deceleration performance, stability, aerothermal heating, and various complex aerodynamic coupling problems of the entry module. This study analyzes the key and difficult aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic problems related to the Mars EDL process. Then, the study process and results of the design and optimization of the entry module configuration are presented along with the calculations and experiments used to obtain the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic characteristics in the Martian atmosphere. In addition, the simulation and verification of the low-frequency free oscillation characteristics under a large separation flow are described, and some special aerodynamic coupling problems such as the aeroelastic buffeting response of the trim tab are discussed. Finally, the atmospheric parameters and aerodynamic characteristics obtained from the flight data of the Tianwen-1 entry module are compared with the design data. The data obtained from the aerodynamic design, analysis, and verification of the Tianwen-1 entry module all meet the engineering requirements. In particular, the flight data results for the atmospheric parameters, trim angles of attack, and trim axial forces are within the envelopes of the prediction deviation zones.
Witchcraft and the Modern Roman Catholic Church
Authors: Young Francis
Published: January 2022

Witchcraft is rarely mentioned in official documents of the contemporary Roman Catholic church, but ideas about the dangers of witchcraft and other forms of occultism underpin the recent revival of interest in exorcism in the church. This Element examines hierarchical and clerical understandings of witchcraft within the contemporary Roman Catholic church. The Element considers the difficulties faced by clergy in parts of the developing world, where belief in witchcraft is so dominant it has the potential to undermine the church's doctrine and authority. The Element also considers the revival of interest in witchcraft and cursing among Catholic demonologists and exorcists in the developed world. The Element explores whether it is possible for a global church to adopt any kind of coherent approach to a phenomenon appraised so differently across different cultures that the church's responses to witchcraft in one context are likely to seem irrelevant in another.
Between Realism and Revolt
Authors: Davies Jonathan S.
Published: January 2022

Leading governance theorist Jonathan S. Davies develops a rich comparative analysis of austerity governance and resistance in eight cities, to establish a conjunctural perspective on the rolling crises of neoliberal globalism.
RAMSIFICATION AND SEMANTIC INDETERMINACY
Authors: LEITGEB HANNES
Published: January 2022

Is it possible to maintain classical logic, stay close to classical semantics, and yet accept that language might be semantically indeterminate? The article gives an affirmative answer byRamsifying classical semantics, which yields a new semantic theory that remains much closer to classical semantics than supervaluationism but which at the same time avoids the problematic classical presupposition of semantic determinacy. The resultingRamsey semanticsis developed in detail, it is shown to supply a classical concept of truth and to fully support the rules and metarules of classical logic, and it is applied to vague terms as well as to theoretical or open-ended terms from mathematics and science. The theory also demonstrates how diachronic or synchronic interpretational continuity across languages is compatible with semantic indeterminacy.
Short‐Term Variability Effect on Peak Demand: Assessment Based on a Microcomponent Stochastic Demand Model
Authors: Díaz Sarai , González Javier
Published: January 2022

Peak demand plays a major role in water distribution system design. Peak demand assessment is currently facing a double challenge: shifting toward a probabilistic approach, and considering the effect of different spatial and temporal resolutions. Most probabilistic approaches so far have focused on inferring scaling laws by analyzing measurement time series for different spatial and temporal resolutions. The aim of this paper is two‐fold: (a) to present a novel analytical approach that enables to assess the short‐term variability effect on probabilistic peak demands for different spatial and temporal scales, and (b) to ease the understanding of peak demand factors thanks to a physically based (rather than an empirical) approach. This is possible by combining the principles of peak demand analysis with a microcomponent‐based (i.e., end‐use oriented) demand model that enables assessment of short‐term variability. The methodology here proposed is applied to two case studies with the purpose of validating the approach and showing its full potential. Results prove that stochastic demand models can be a powerful tool for peak demand assessment.
USP10 regulates B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 or HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccines through deubiquitinating AID
Authors: Luo Yuewen , Zhang Xiantao , Chen Ran , Li Rong , Liu Yang , Zhang Junsong , liu Qin , Si Meijun , Liu Jun , Wu Bolin , Wang Xuemei , Wu Shijian , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Xu , Guo Deyin , He Xin , Pan Ting , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2022

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in antibody genes. Protein expression and activity are tightly controlled by various mechanisms. However, it remains unknown whether a signal from the extracellular environment directly affects the AID activity in the nucleus where it works. Here, we demonstrated that a deubiquitinase USP10, which specifically stabilizes nuclear AID protein, can translocate into the nucleus after AKT-mediated phosphorylation at its T674 within the NLS domain. Interestingly, the signals from BCR and TLR1/2 synergistically promoted this phosphorylation. The deficiency of USP10 in B cells significantly decreased AID protein levels, subsequently reducing neutralizing antibody production after immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nanoparticle vaccines. Collectively, we demonstrated that USP10 functions as an integrator for both BCR and TLR signals and directly regulates nuclear AID activity. Its manipulation could be used for the development of vaccines and adjuvants.
Ultrathin Oxides for Solar Cells
Authors: Palmstrom A. F. , Reese M. O.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the many uses of ultrathin oxide layers across a broad range of photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The chapter is broken down into six sections, working from the solar absorber outwards: passivation layers, selective contact/buffer layers, recombination layers, barrier layers, anti-reflective coatings, and anti-soiling layers. The goal is to introduce the layer function, outline the scientific mechanisms behind each function, and provide illustrative examples from academic literature and industry. One theme in this chapter is the multifunctionality of oxide layers in the PV device stack, that is, a single layer rarely has only one purpose and therefore certain ideas will build upon other sections. The chapter covers a wide range of material and the discussions and examples are by no means exhaustive. The best efforts have been made to capture the central concepts for each topic and direct the reader to additional resources that have been found by the authors to be useful and relevant.
Blocking Layers for Controlling Directional Charge Transport in Dye-sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Swierk J. R.
Published: January 2022

Managing charge transfer is a fundamental challenge in the development of functional devices for energy conversion and storage. Thin oxide blocking layers can function to rectify the flow of charge, permitting the movement of charge in the desired direction and retarding movement in the opposite direction. This is accomplished with either the oxide layer functioning as a tunneling barrier or as part of an energy cascade. Although broadly applicable to many technologies, the use of thin oxide layers to control charge transfer has attracted considerable interest in the area of dye-sensitized energy conversion systems and much of our fundamental understanding comes via these technologies. This chapter explores how electronic structure develops in these thin oxide layers, how they can work to inhibit undesired electron transfer events, and how that translates into device performance.
Metal Oxide Co-catalyst Nanolayers on Photoelectrodes
Authors: Qiu J. , Nellist M. R. , Boettcher S. W.
Published: January 2022

Metal oxide co-catalyst nanolayers are coated on light-absorbing semiconductor photoanode surfaces to improve the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, the precise roles of the metal oxide co-catalysts have been difficult to understand. The co-catalyst is expected to increase the reaction kinetics for water oxidation, but owing to the dynamic properties of metal oxides under PEC conditions, the effects can be more complicated. Understanding the dynamic changes of the metal oxide co-catalyst layers and interfacial charge transfer provides insights for improving the performance of the electrode. This chapter discusses both macroscopic and microscopic techniques to control and measure directly the state of the metal oxide co-catalyst nanolayers on different photoanodes using a second working electrode. Both dual working electrode (DWE) and potential-sensing electrochemical atomic force microscopy (PS-EC-AFM) techniques have been applied in PEC measurements of several photoanodes coated with metal oxide co-catalyst nanolayers. It is discussed how these techniques allow direct measurement of the interfacial properties of the semiconductors and co-catalysts in PEC water oxidation and thus help determine the role of the co-catalyst layers in improving the PEC performance. The chapter concludes by discussing future directions for understanding the reaction mechanisms of co-catalyst metal oxide nanolayers on the surface of semiconductors.
Ultrathin Silica Layers as Separation Membranes for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Jo Won Jun , Zhang Hongna , Katsoukis Georgios , Frei Heinz
Published: January 2022

Efficient artificial photosystems for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to fuel require the separation of the incompatible oxidation and reduction catalysis environments by a membrane. Of particular interest are complete photosystems of nanoscale dimensions, a key design feature of natural photosynthesis, which is the only known system for making chemical compounds at the terawatt scale, the level required for impact on fuel consumption. Ultrathin amorphous silica layers with embedded molecular wires provide a means for integrating the water oxidation and carbon dioxide half-reactions into nanoscale units under separation while enabling electronic and protonic coupling between them. This approach affords optimization of electronic charge transfer independently from optimization of proton transport and separation properties. Synthetic methods are introduced and the structural characterization of nanomembranes based on surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy is presented. The charge transfer, proton transport, and photocatalytic behavior of silica nanomembranes coupled to light absorbers and catalysts are quantitatively evaluated and optimized by photoelectrochemical, ultrafast optical, and infrared spectroscopic methods. By selecting nanotube morphology for photosynthetic units with a built-in ultrathin membrane, square inch-sized nanotube arrays are fabricated as artificial photosynthetic systems that extend the membrane function from the nano- to the macroscale. Ultrathin silica membranes open up opportunities for interfacing a wide range of incompatible reaction environments on the nanoscale for energy applications, such as the coupling of microbial and inorganic catalysis in the form of nanobiohybrids.
Molecular probes for cellular imaging of post-translational proteoforms
Authors: Suraritdechachai Surased , Lakkanasirorat Benya , Uttamapinant Chayasith
Published: January 2022

Specific post-translational modification (PTM) states of a protein affect its property and function; understanding their dynamics in cells would provide deep insight into diverse signaling pathways and biological processes.
Ammonia recovery and fouling mitigation of hydrolyzed human urine treated by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
Authors: Ray Hannah , Perreault Francois , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: January 2022

Ammonia is a critical compound due to the numerous industry products which rely on its production such as fertilizer, refrigerant gas, and textile manufacturing.
Green synthesis of novel 5-amino-bispyrazole-4-carbonitriles using a recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2@vanillin@thioglycolic acid nano-catalyst
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila Zare , Varma Rajender S. , Hassanzadi Lida , Pashaki Farhad Sedighi
Published: January 2022

Bis(thioglycolic acid)-vanillin silica-coated Fe3O4 MNPs were synthesized, and tested as a catalyst.
Bright red emission with high color purity from Eu(iii) complexes with π-conjugated polycyclic aromatic ligands and their sensing applications
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Tsurui Makoto , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: January 2022

In this review, we summarize the research progress on π-conjugated Eu(iii) luminophores exhibiting bright emission and their physical sensing applications.
Simple in situ synthesis of SiC nanofibers on graphite felt as a scaffold for improving performance of paraffin-based composite phase change materials
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Hao , Yang Xuening , Zhang Xiaoguang , Ma Bin
Published: January 2022

The composite phase change material has excellent thermal properties, good photo-thermal conversion efficiency and flexible design in size, which produces a type of material for applications in solar and buildings energy storage.
Porous carbon-confined CoxSy nanoparticles derived from ZIF-67 for boosting lithium-ion storage
Authors: Su Xiao , Li Wen , Sun Haining , Wang Jian , Hu Sisi , Yuan Fei , Zhang Di , Wang Bo
Published: January 2022

A composite of CoxSy and carbon shell is successfully formed, and as a result it can well alleviate volume change as well as offer sufficient ions/electrons transfer channels, contributing to enhance electrochemical performance.
The APEX Large CO Heterodyne Orion Legacy Survey (ALCOHOLS)
Authors: Stanke Th. , Arce H. G. , Bally J. , Bergman P. , Carpenter J. , Davis C. J. , Dent W. , Di Francesco J. , Eislöffel J. , Froebrich D. , Ginsburg A. , Heyer M. , Johnstone D. , Mardones D. , McCaughrean M. J. , Megeath S. T. , Nakamura F. , Smith M. D. , Stutz A. , Tatematsu K. , Walker C. , Williams J. P. , Zinnecker H. , Swift B. J. , Kulesa C. , Peters B. , Duffy B. , Kloosterman J. , Yιldιz U. A. , Pineda J. L. , De Breuck C. , Klein Th.
Published: January 2022

Context. The Orion molecular cloud complex harbours the nearest Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) and the nearest site of high-mass star formation. Its young star and protostar populations are thoroughly characterized. The region is therefore a prime target for the study of star formation.

Aims. Here, we verify the performance of the SuperCAM 64 pixel heterodyne array on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). We give a descriptive overview of a set of wide-field CO(3–2) spectral line cubes obtained towards the Orion GMC complex, aimed at characterizing the dynamics and structure of the extended molecular gas in diverse regions of the clouds, ranging from very active sites of clustered star formation in Orion B to comparatively quiet regions in southern Orion A. In a future publication, we will characterize the full population of protostellar outflows and their feedback over an entire GMC.

Methods. We present a 2.7 square degree (130 pc2) mapping survey in the 12CO(3–2) transition, obtained using SuperCAM on APEX at an angular resolution of 19′′ (7600 AU or 0.037 pc at a distance of 400 pc), covering the main sites of star formation in the Orion B cloud (L 1622, NGC 2071, NGC 2068, Ori B9, NGC 2024, and NGC 2023), and a large patch in the southern part of the L 1641 cloud in Orion A.

Results. We describe CO integrated line emission and line moment maps and position-velocity diagrams for all survey fields and discuss a few sub-regions in some detail. Evidence for expanding bubbles is seen with lines splitting into double components, often in areas of optical nebulosities, most prominently in the NGC 2024 H II region, where we argue that the bulk of the molecular gas is in the foreground of the H II region. High CO(3–2)/CO(1–0) line ratios reveal warm CO along the western edge of the Orion B cloud in the NGC 2023 & NGC 2024 region facing the IC 434 H II region. We see multiple, well separated radial velocity cloud components towards several fields and propose that L 1641-S consists of a sequence of clouds at increasingly larger distances. We find a small, seemingly spherical cloud, which we term “Cow Nebula” globule, north of NGC 2071. We confirm that we can trace high velocity line wings out to the “extremely high velocity” regime in protostellar molecular outflows for the NGC 2071-IR outflow and the NGC 2024 CO jet, and identify the protostellar dust core FIR4 (rather than FIR5) as the true driving source of the NGC 2024 monopolar outflow.