bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deneysel Etilen Glikol Zehirlenmesi Oluşturulan Ratlarda Myokardiyal Etkilerin Araştırılması*,**
Authors: DOĞAN Burak , GÜNEŞ Vehbi
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada etilen glikol (EG) toksikasyonunun ratlarda kalp kası üzerindeki muhtemel etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Sprague Dawley cinsi 30 adet erkek ve dişi rat çalışma materyalini oluşturdu. Tüm ratlar rastgele eşit sayı-da üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci ve ikinci gruba gastrik gavaj ile EG (%99.5 saflıkta) verilmek suretiyle akut toksikasyon oluş-turuldu. Birinci gruba 3 ml/kg EG serum fizyolojikle (SF) sulandırılarak verilirken, ikinci gruba 6 ml/kg EG verildi. Üçün-cü gruba ise kontrol amacıyla yalnız SF verildi. Kan örnekleri 0 ve 72. ve 96. saattlerde kuyruk venasından alındı. Tok-sikasyonun klinik belirtileri görülen ratlardan EKG kayıtları alındı. İdrar sediment muayenesinde Ca-oksalat kristalleri tespit edildi. Ayrıca deneme sonunda nekropsi yapılarak ratların kalpleri histopatolojik analizler için alındı. Ortalama kan üre (BUN), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), glukoz ve kreatinin düzeylerinin toksikasyon oluşturulan ratlarda önemli oranda arttığı, kalsiyum düzeylerinin ise azaldıgı görüldü. Ortalama kardiyak troponin T (cTn-T) ve kreatin-kinaz myo-kardial band (CK-MB) seviyelerinin toksikasyon oluşturulan gruplarda 0. saatler ve kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olduğu görüldü. Ancak cTn-I seviyelerinde ise bir farklılık belirlenmedi. İdrar analizlerinde Ca-oksalat kristalleri belirlendi. Nek-ropsi bulgularında; epikardiyal kanama ve histopatolojide; nekroz alanlarını çevreleyen mononükleer hücreler, suben-dokard bölgesinde hücresel infiltrasyon odakları, dejenerasyon ve interstisyel ödem saptandı. Bu çalışmada verilen doza bağlı olarak elektrokardiyografi (EKG), biyokimya ve histopatoloji bulgularında önemli değişikliklerin görülmesi nedeniyle, EG zehirlenmesinde toksik miyokardial hasarının oluştuğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Jersey Irkı İneklerde Bazı Çevre Faktörleri ve İklim Koşullarının Döl ve Süt Verimi Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi*
Authors: KOÇ Haşim Umut , UĞURLU Mustafa
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırma, Jersey ırkı ineklerin üretim ve üreme özellikleri üzerine bazı çevresel faktörlerin etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri setini, Amasya Gökhöyük Tarım işletmesinde yetiştirilen Jersey ırkı ineklerin 2014-2016 yılları arasındaki döl verimi, laktasyon kayıtları ve Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden temin edilen iklim verileri kullanılarak hesaplanan sıcaklık-nem indeksi (SNİ) değerleri oluşturmuştur. İncelenen çevre faktörlerinden bu-zağılama yaşı; 2-3, 4-5 ve 6+, buzağılama mevsimi; kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar sıcaklık nem indeksi;
Evaluación de los parámetros del síndrome metabólico después del bypass gástrico Roux-y
Authors: Araújo Antônio Nelson Alencar de , Oliveira Marcos Alexandre Casimiro de
Published: November 2020

Introducción: La obesidad mórbida se caracteriza por un estado de resistencia a la insulina y a menudo se asocia con el síndrome metabólico, aumentando la mortalidad general y cardiovascular. Debido a los resultados insatisfactorios en el tratamiento convencional en grupos específicos de pacientes, la intervención invasiva es una alternativa. Sin embargo, puede estar indicado, especialmente en situaciones donde el paciente tiene obesidad grave u obesidad mórbida. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios en los parámetros del síndrome metabólico después de la cirugía bariátrica. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada a través de búsquedas en las bases de datos Scielo, LILACS y PUBMED utilizando los siguientes Descriptores Controlados de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Cirugía Bariátrica, Bypass Gástrico, Obesidad y Síndrome Metabólico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos en inglés o portugués, texto en su totalidad, publicaciones en el período de 2009 a 2019 en formato de artículo que abordaba el tema descrito. Se excluyeron las publicaciones duplicadas, los artículos que no abordaban el tema después de leer los respectivos resúmenes y artículos que no cumplen los objetivos de este estudio. Resultados: Según el análisis de los resultados, se observó una reducción del 86,1% en la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico; 65,3% en hipertensión arterial y 84,2% en glucemia en ayunas alterada. Se puede observar una normalización de la circunferencia abdominal en el 35,4% de los pacientes, un aumento del 35,8% en los niveles de HDL y altos valores de triglicéridos. Entre los resultados obtenidos, el aumento de HDL no obtuvo gran relevancia, así como la disminución de la circunferencia abdominal. Conclusión: El estudio mostró una relación positiva entre la cirugía bariátrica y los parámetros del síndrome metabólico. Los resultados presentados fueron favorables cuando la cirugía se asoció con un estilo de vida saludable y factores que contribuyen a la afrontamiento eficaz de esta condición en la mayoría de los casos analizados. Sin embargo, el seguimiento multiprofesional, particularmente para la atención médica, nutricional y psicológica, es esencial para tener un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Perbedaan Kadar Protein Urin Sebelum Dan Sesudah Latihan Fisik Pada Atlet di Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar (PPLP) Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Farizal Jon , Muslim Zamharira , Syapera Nadia Wulan
Published: November 2020

Latar belakang: Latihan fisik dengan intensitas berat mengakibatkan sel-sel otot rangka bekerja lebih giat, dan oksigen yang dibutuhkan sel semakin meningkat sehingga otot rangka mengalami vasodilatasi. Sedangkan di ginjal mengalami vasokontriksi, aliran darah berkurang sampai 20% sehingga dapat menyebabkan ekskresi protein > 1,5 mg/min. protein urin adalah pemeriksaan penunjang fungsi ginjal. Data menunjukkan bahwa 70-80% atlet mengalami proteinuria setelah olahraga intensitas berat, baik pada atlet olahraga kontak maupun non-kontak.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar protein urin sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik. Metode: Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest postest. Sampel terdiri dari 31 responden dengan metode total sampling. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar protein urin, diberi perlakuan latihan fisik dan diukur kembali kadar protein urinnya  dengan metode pemeriksaan asam asetat 6%. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil: terdapat peningkatan kadar protein urin dengan nilai rerata sebelum latihan fisik sebesar 0,03 dan nilai rerata sesudah latihan fisik 0,19, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar protein urin sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik dengan P=0,059. Kesimpulan: Tidak Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar protein urin sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik.
Hiperurisemia dan Cystatin C
Authors: Meri Meri , Liswanti Yane
Published: November 2020

Hiperurisemia merupakan keadaan kadar asam meningkat dalam darah. Kadarnya yang meningkat dapat menyebabkan penyakit, salah satunya yaitu adalah gangguan ginjal. Parameter cystatin C dipakai sebagai parameter yang lebih unggul dibanding kreatinin dalam menilai fungsi ginjal. Kondisi ginjal yang sedang hiperurisemia masih belum dapat dijelaskan secara lengkap, dengan demikian dilakukan pemeriksaan cystatin C untuk mengukur fungsi ginjal akibat hiperurisemia. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran cystatin C pada hiperurisemia. Metode penelitian  yaitu deskriptif. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah laki-laki berusia 18-65 tahun (25 orang) sesuai kriteria yaitu  hiperurisemia,  berpuasa, tidak obesitas. Hasil penelitian : kadar asam urat (mean)= 8,928 mg/dL dan Cystatin C (mean) =1,08 mg/dL. Kadar asam urat tersebut berada diatas nilai normal (hiperurisemia) karena nilai normalnya adalah 3,4-7,0 mg/dL. Pada kadar tersebut diakukan pemeriksaan cystatin C yang memiliki kadar peningkatan diatas nilai normal. Kesimpulan: gambaran asam urat meningkat memiliki kadar cystatin C yang meningkat.
Correlation The Number Of Erythrocytes And Glucose Level From Serum Which 2 Hours Delayed From Delayed
Authors: Darwin Bastian , Yuniar Eka , Endang Endang , Kurniawan Ian
Published: November 2020

In the processing of specimens, serum specifically should be separated from blood cell the process of glucose glycolysis which caused decreasing levels of glucose. The very high number of erythrocyte can cause a glycolysis, so the decreasing of the levels of glucose will be happen. This study was pre-experiment using One Group Pretest Posttest. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique and there were 30 subjects. The sample was EDTA bloods and serum which had been treated such as Separation of Glucose Serum which was 2 hours delayed and Separation of Glucose Serum which was checked directly. From this study we can found that the average of the glucose levels on serum separation which is 2 hours delayed was 91 mg/dL and the Separation of Glucose Serum which is checked directly was 97mg/dL. Based on paired T test the result, the data showed that there were differences from average levels of glucose between serum which was checked directly and separation of Serum which was 2 hours delayed. The average from the number of erythrocyte was 5,0 million/µL. Based on pearson correlation, there was no correlation between the number of erythrocyte and glucose level on serum separation which is 2 hours delayed.
Variasi Waktu Pembacaan Setelah Stop Solution Terhadap Nilai Absorbansi Anti HBS Metode Elisa
Authors: Santosa Budi -
Published: November 2020

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a biochemical technique used in the field of immunology to presence detection of antibodies or antigens in a sample. After providing a stop solution, it is necessary to know the right time for the absorbance reading. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti HBs titer with absorbance reading time variation (immediate, 30 minutes and 60 minutes). This research is an experimental study. The study population was D4 Health Analyst University Student Muhammadiyah Semarang Class 2018 after hepatitis B vaccination as many as 20. To know the difference in variation during the reading, Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted. The results showed the average absorbance at an immediate reading, 30, and 60 minutes complete in complete 1,931, 1,489, 1,276. Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis obtained a p value of 0.00. The conclusion is obtained between the variation of absorbance reading time on the ELISA method
Hematocrite Values With High Measurement Of Eritrosit After Centrifugation On Serum Making
Authors: Jiwintarum Yunan , Srigede Lalu , Asyhaer Rifki Khalidi
Published: November 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah nilai hematokrit darah dapat diukur dengan pengukuran tinggi endapan eritrosit setelah disentrifugasi pada pembuatan serum.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan rancangan Posttest Only Control Group Design. Banyaknya perlakuan ada tiga, yaitu pembuatan serum dengan sentrifugasi kecepatan 3000 rpm selama 5 menit, 10 menit, dan 15 menit.  Data yang dikumpulkan berupa nilai hematokrit dengan sentrifugasi pada pembuatan serum dibandingkan dengan nilai hematokrit dengan metode mikrohematokrit. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rerata nilai hematokrit dengan metode mikrohematokrit adalah 46%, sedangkan rerata nilai hematokrit dengan pengukuran tinggi endapan eritrosit pada pembuatan serum setelah disentrifugasi selama 5 menit, 10 menit, dan 15 menit adalah 58,5%, 57,6%, dan 48,1%. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan hasil pemeriksaan metode mikrohematokrit dan pemeriksaan dengan sentrifugasi 5 menit maupun 10 menit. Sedangkan antara metode mikrohematokrit dan pemeriksaan dengan sentrifugasi 15 menit tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan : Pengukuran tinggi endapan eritrosit setelah disentrifugasi selama 15 menit pada pembuatan serum dapat digunakan untuk pemeriksaan hematokrit.
Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kelayakan Donor Darah di STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2019
Authors: Situmorang Paska Ramawati , Sihotang Widya Yanti , Novitarum Lilis
Published: November 2020

Donor darah adalah kegiatan menyalurkan darah atau produk berbasis darah dari satu orang ke sistem peredaran orang lainnya. Angka kematian akibat tidak tersedianya cadangan darah untuk transfusi pada negara berkembang relatif tinggi. Indonesia memiliki tingkat penyumbang sebanyak 6-10 orang per 1000 penduduk  yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara kecil di Asia. Meskipun ada peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan donor darah secara sukarela, tetapi banyak masyarakat yang gagal mendonorkan darahnya karena berbagai alasan kesehatan sehingga penting dilakukannya identifikasi masalah-masalah yang membuat calon pendonor darah  gagal memberikan darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status kelayakan donor darah dari dosen/mahasiswa STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2019 dan dianalisis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dengan metode Naive Bayes Classifier. Data dievaluasi secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi square. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, karakteristik umum calon pendonor darah adalah mahasiswa/i, perempuan, kelompok usia 16-35 tahun, berat badan >50 kg dan status hemoglobin normal. Kami menemukan hanya ada 38.85% responden yang memiliki status “Boleh Donor” dengan karakteristik umum golongan darah 0 terbanyak, perempuan, usia 16-35 tahun, berat badan >50 kg dan semua responden memiliki kadar hemoglobin normal. Berdasarkan uji statistik yang dilakukan, terdapat hubungan erat antara berat badan dengan kondisi hemoglobin normal dan kondisi hemoglobin normal dengan status kelayakan donor, sedangkan jenis kelamin tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kondisi hemoglobin maupun status kelayakan donor darah.
Model Granuloma Tuberculosis In Vitro Sebagai Deteksi Awal Tingkat Keparahan Penyakit Tuberkulosis
Authors: Faizal Imam Agus
Published: November 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a cause of Tuberculosis in humans causing death and one of the infectious agents in humans in the world. It is estimated that there are 8.7 million new cases, 1.4 million deaths, and around 2 billion latent infections caused by Mtb. According to WHO in 2014, an estimated 9.6 million people transmitted active TB disease, of which 1.5 million died and the burden of TB was heterogeneously distributed in various regions of the world. This type of research is a pure experiment with in vitro methods of making granuloma TB models that are similar to humans. The purpose of this study is to detect early the severity of tuberculosis. The results of the study that on the 1st day granuloma has not formed because the structure of granuloma has not formed yet because blood immune cells in PBMC media containing lymphocyte and monocyte cells are not yet responding to Mtb infection. On day 2 the granuloma structure surrounding the Mtb bacteria has begun to form forming an aggregation. Day 3, many other cell types also occupy granulomas, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, B and T cells, natural killer cells, fibroblasts and cells that secrete extracellular matrix components. Day 4 granulomas undergo granulation and the structure of the granuloma breaks and maximum damage aggregation occurs on the 5th day. when the host's immune system weakens, it is known that active Mtb residents prevent active Tb. Experimental evidence has revealed that the TNF-α factor plays a major role in host defense against Mtb in both active and chronic infection phases. The study of granuloma tuberculosis from the above explanation can be concluded that the severity of tuberculosis can be detected early with the in vitro observation method of granuloma in order to provide appropriate drug therapy even this research can be used as an initial stage of perfecting the vaccine in tuberculosis infection.
EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI MENDEKAP DAN TERAPI MUSIK DALAM MENURUNKAN SKALA NYERI PADA BAYI SAAT DILAKUKAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK
Authors: Wahyuni Fitri , Suryani Ulfa
Published: November 2020

Meningkatnya angka kejadian campak pada balita menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya kesadaran orangtua akan pentingnya imunisasi campak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas terapi mendekap dan terapi musik dalam menurunkan skala nyeri pada bayi saat dilakukan imunisasi campak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment dengan pendekatan pretest dan posttest without control grup desain. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik “purposive sampling” dengan total sampel 24 orang responden dan instrumen penelitian dengan menggunakan lembar observasi skala FLACC. Data dianalisa menggunakan komputerisasi dengan uji paired independent sampel t-test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% a<0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan  rata-rata penurunan skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah terapi mendekap adalah 4,2 sedangkan terapi musik adalah 2,7. Disimpulkan bahwa terapi mendekap lebih efektif dalam menurunkan skala nyeri pada bayi saat dilakukan imunisasi campak di Kelurahan Kubu Dalam Parak Karakah Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang tahun 2019 dengan p-value=0,017 (p<0,05). Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan dapat mengaplikasikan dan mengetahui manfaat dan efek yang dirasakan dari terapi mendekap dan terapi musik sehingga orangtua tidak merasa takut dalam pemberian terapi.
INTENSITAS NYERI PINGGANG DAN PINGGUL PADA IBU HAMIL YANG MELAKSANAKAN YOGA PRENATAL DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Purnamayanti Ni Made Dwi , Utarini Gusti Ayu Eka
Published: November 2020

Nyeri pinggang dan panggul merupakan keluhan yang umum dirasakan oleh wanita hamil terutama pada akhir kehamilan. Olah raga termasuk yoga prenatal merupakan strategi yang efektif dan disarankan untuk mengatasi nyeri pinggang dan panggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul pada ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 96 ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di kota Denpasar. Didapatkan hasil rerata intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul yang dirasakan adalah 1.88 (SD ±2.202). Sebagian besar responden (41.7%) merasakan nyeri pada area tulang belakang disekitar lumbal hingga diatas sacrum.Intensitas nyeri pinggang dan pelvis pada ibu hamil trimester III di Kota Denpasar yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal tergolong nyeri intensitas ringan.Lumbopelvic pain are common complaints felt by pregnant women. Exercise, including prenatal yoga, is an effective strategy and is recommended for treating pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. The purpose of the syudi is to know the intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic painamong woman who performe prenatal yoga in Denpasar. This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The subjeck study was 96 third trimester pregnant women who performed prenatal yoga in Denpasar. The mean pain intensity was 1.88 (SD ± 2.202). Most respondents (41.7%) felt pain in the spinal area around the lumbar to above the sacrum. The intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain among third trimester pregnant women in Denpasar who performe prenatal yoga is mild pain.
diplomacia pública mexicana de cara al futuro
Authors: Bañuelos Castro Luis Manuel
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la diplomacia pública que México desde su surgimiento como Estado independiente en la escena internacional ha desarrollado como herramienta estratégica para la construcción de sólidos vínculos que le han permitido proyectar su cultura e identidad nacional alrededor del mundo de forma positiva; el trabajo también analizará la crisis de imagen que México atraviesa y la respuesta que el Estado ha desarrollado para combatirla en el extranjero, y finalmente a manera de conclusiones se presentan los retos a los que se enfrenta la diplomacia pública mexicana en el futuro y se plantea una propuesta para afrontarlos.
Bełk i inne miejsca. Opowieść o dziesiętnikach-zastawnikach
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: November 2020

Artykuł, oparty na dokumentacji dwóch procesów sierpniowych i oral history z okolic Pińczowa, gromadzonej przez zespół prof. Dionizjusza Czubali, stanowi rekonstrukcję realiówukrywania się Żydów w lasach gminy Mierzwin w powiecie jędrzejowskim. Kluczowym wydarzeniem w tej walce o przetrwanie była zimowa obława roku 1943, organizowana przezmieszkańcow wsi Bełk zupełnie bez udziału Niemców. Wynikła ona z nieporozumień co donarzuconego przez okupanta systemu kontroli, związanego z kategorią zakładników-zastawników-dzisiętników.
Synthesis of a New Hyperbranched Pyridylphenylene Polymer Based on an АB2 Monomer and a Pair of АB/АB2 Monomers
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Torozova A. S. , Serkova E. S. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Krasnova I. Yu. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Korolkova A. A. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047 Russia, Shifrina Z. B. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: November 2020

A hyperbranched pyridylphenylene polymer with the weight average molecular mass of 56000 Da is synthesized for the first time from an AB2 monomer bearing one diene and two internal triple bonds. The introduction of a linear AB comonomer into the reaction system leads to an increase in the yield of the polymer which has the weight average molecular mass of 21400 Da. Due to the limited degree of intramolecular cyclization, the high content of functional groups facilitates the formation of defect-free structures and provides an opportunity to modify the resulting polymers.
Innovative technologies for growing planting material for fruit and berry crops
Authors:   Rosinformagrotekh, Kondratyeva O.V. , Fedorov A.D. ,   Rosinformagrotekh, Slinko O. V. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: November 2020

A number of state-of-theart innovative technologies and promising methods for growing high-quality planting material of perennial fruit and berry crops is identified. The methods of propagation of clonal rootstocks in a self-rooted mother plant by vertical and horizontal layering, as well as microclonal propagation of plants as a reliable method of obtaining identical offspring used for the propagation of promising varieties and rootstocks, which is of great importance in the propagation of a healthy planting material of fruit and berry crops, are described.
Wireless sensor networks for monitoring microclimate parameters on cattle farms
Authors:   Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production, a branch of VIM, Ilyin R.M. , Vtory S.V.
Published: November 2020

The results of a study of changes in temperature and humidity conditions and concentration of carbon dioxide depending on weather conditions in cowsheds for 200 heads of tethered and 320 heads of loose housing are presented. The graphical models of the distribution of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration inside the cowsheds under similar weather conditions are provided.
Testing of the PSL-3 air sampler for remote detection of pathogens of winter wheat diseases
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Biological Protection, Kremneva O. Yu. , Gasiyan K.E. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Biological Protection, Zelensky R.A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Biological Protection, Selivanov V.G. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: November 2020

A new aspiration system using the dynamic pressure of multicopter propellers is described. A comparative assessment of the efficiency of the PSL-3 device fitted with the OZR-1mp reference sampler is carried out in field conditions.
Ethical Considerations in Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: A Discussion Based on ‘The Belmont Report’
Authors: Mozaffor Miliva , Tabassum Mariya , Sultan Mohammad Tipu , Parvin Shamima
Published: November 2020

With technical sophistication and innovation in the field of medical science, a considerable proportion of medical diagnosis now rely on laboratory analyses, which emphasises the crucial role of laboratory physicians in patient care. Sustaining high ethical standards remains crucial in both clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine, and several ethical dilemmas are faced by laboratory physicians in day-to-day practice. In a low-resource country like Bangladesh, formal ethics education or ethical framework in laboratory practice is still absent; ethics has not received that much attention it this field. This paper has considered ethical issues encountered during the daily routine work of laboratory physicians and specially focused on the ethical issues encountered during the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of laboratory medicine practice and discuss those issues in light of ‘The Belmont Report’ (1978) perspective. It is not intended to be a comprehensive one, rather it aims to complement existing guidelines and documents that are available in some institutions and to offer a framework for addressing ethical issues encountered in the practice of clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine in Bangladesh.
The Relevance of deep ecological principles in Aquatic Crisis: A philosophical Analysis
Authors: Monday Osebor Ikechukwu
Published: November 2020

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that analyzes right or wrong of an action.  Ethics studies all aspect of human activities; which water pollution is one.  Water pollution is the emission of waste or chemicals into water bodies at a quantity that is harmful to man and the aquatic organisms.  The Effects of water pollution include mass extinction species, decrease in the biodiversity, and scarcity of fresh water. The question to ask is “how can   water pollution be ameliorated if not totally eradicated?” Using the method of philosophical analysis, the paper suggests that the implementation of deep ecological principles by policy makers would be abatements and environmental consciousness for the common good of the society.
O uso da terapia por pressão negativa e sua aplicabilidade na Síndrome de Fournier
Authors: Florentino Anelvira de Oliveira , Silveira Gercilene Cristiane , Lopes Adriane , Mondelli Alessandro Lia
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar o uso da terapia por pressão negativa e sua aplicabilidade na Síndrome de Fournier. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, realizada nas bases PubMed Central e Scientific Electronic Library Online, de agosto a setembro de 2020. Resultados: Após o estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 10 estudos, os quais foram analisados de acordo com a temática de conteúdo e categorizados em: “Terapia por pressão negativa: uso e benefícios” e “Uso da terapia por pressão negativa na Síndrome de Fournier”. Conclusão: De todos os estudos selecionados para a revisão em tela, 100% recomendou o uso de terapia por pressão negativa, seja sozinha, com instilação ou tempo de permanência, para tratamento de feridas resultantes da Síndrome de Fournier, possibilitando ao pacientes menor dor, menor tempo de hospitalização, menor tempo de fechamento total da ferida.
Efeito do gel a base de Moringa oleifera lam. como fitoterapia na cicatrização de feridas
Authors: Moura Walkyria Pereira Ferreira , Assunção Amanda Fonseca Costa , Silva Karolinny dos Santos , Silva Laryssa Roque da , Morais Arthur Antônio Cavalcante de , Ferreira Danniel Cabral Leão , Figueredo-Silva José , Marques Rosemarie Brandim , Maia Filho Antonio Luiz Martins
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de cicatrização da Moringa oleifera em ratos Wistar. Metodologia: Folhas da moringa foram coletadas, secas, trituradas, misturadas com solvente hexano e filtrada. Após remoção do solvente e da umidade, combinou concentrado resultante ao gel natrosol, alcançando concentrações de 5% e 10%. Dividiu-se 60 ratos machos em 4 grupos: controle negativo (sem tratamento), controle positivo (tratados com AGE), Moringa 5% (tratados com gel de Moringa a 5%) e Moringa 10% (tratados com gel de Moringa a 10%). Subdividiu-se em três grupos de 5 animais de acordo com período de avaliação (7, 14 e 21 dias). Realizou-se na região cervical uma incisão longitudinal (3,0 cm); na região dorsal foi demarcada e ressectada uma área de 2 cm² com um punch. Resultado: Na análise da resistência cicatricial, após 7 dias, os grupos moringa 5% e 10% mostraram uma regressão significante; após 14 e 21 dias, o grupo Moringa 10% apresentou significância estatística quando comparado aos demais grupos. Na análise microscópica, após 7 dias, fibras colágenas mais evidentes nos grupos Moringa 5% e 10%; após 14 e 21 dias, poucos vasos sanguíneos, reação inflamatória de baixa intensidade e deposição de colágeno mais organizada e intensa no grupo Moringa 10%. Conclusão: A moringa, especialmente na concentração de 10%, mostrou-se benéfica no processo reparativo de feridas cutâneas cirurgicamente induzidas em ratos.
Botanical survey and leishmanicidal activity of grown-love
Authors: Brandão Dayse Lúcia do Nascimento , Veiga Andreza Socorro Silva , Quaresma Cintia Cardoso , Busman Dâmaris Vieira , Lins Alba Lúcia Ferreira de Almeida , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Campos Marliane Batista , Percário Sandro , Dolabela Maria Fâni
Published: November 2020

Grown-love (Portulaca pilosa L) is used in Amazon medicine for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria, wound care. The objective of this work was to conduct a botanical survey of P. pilosa, as well as to evaluate its leishmanicidal activity. For the botanical studies techniques of epidermal decoupling and histological sections were used (by hand and microtome). The ethanol extract (EE) of aerial parts of P. pilosa was obtained by maceration, followed by concentration in evaporator route. The EE was fractionated by chromatographic column. The EE and fractions were analyzed in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and NMR. The leishmanicidal activity was evaluated against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, and promastigotes of L. chagasi, with prior cytotoxicity assessment in murine macrophages. In anatomical terms, P. pilosa presents leaf surface with adaxial epidermal cells and sinuous walls. In the phytochemical prospection of the extract, terpenes and phenols were detected, among others. The analysis of the NMR suggested the presence of terpenes. All samples were inactive against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (L) amazonensis. The dichloromethane fraction was active against promastigotes of L. (L) chagasi. The EE, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed no cytotoxicity to murine peritoneal macrophages (CC50> 500 mg/mL). The dichloromethane fraction was promising for Leishmania, so futher studies may lead to the isolation of the active metabolite.
Primer on the Pathogenesis of Severe COVID-19: Part One
Authors: Walsh Thomas
Published: November 2020

In Part One of this exploration of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the author will evaluate the viral and cellular immunological basis for the condition. The virus demonstrates a remarkable capability not just to evade, but to exploit host immune characteristics to perpetuate viral replication. In this regard, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disables most antiviral mechanisms, including the early interferon response, and avoids detection to permit unimpeded viral multiplication. Consequently, antigen-presenting cells fail to adequately stimulate the T-cell receptor. As a consequence, T-cell p53 remains highly expressed, which in turn disables an adequate effector T-cell response.

Replicating SARS-CoV-2 double-strand RNA robustly activates protein kinase R (PKR)/PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). While the virus is grossly invulnerable to its antiviral effects, PKR is crucial for effecting the cytokine milieu in COVID-19. PERK is a component of the unfolded protein response, which eventuates in autophagy. SARS virions use double-membrane vesicles and adapt PERK signalling not only to avoid autophagy, but to facilitate replication. Viral activation of PKR/PERK is mutually exclusive to NLRP3 stimulation. The NLRP3 pathway elaborates IL-1β. This is chiefly a feature of paediatric SARS/SARS-CoV-2 cases. The difficulties encountered in predicting outcome and forging effective therapeutics speaks to the breadth of complexity of the immunopathogenesis of this virus.
A STUDY ABOUT COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN YOUTH BASKETBALL
PLAYERS IN MITROVICA AND TIRANA
Authors: Istrefi Mergim , Jarani Juel , Spahi Andi , Bilali Afrim
Published: November 2020

The goal of this comparison study is to find out the differences that exists between two youth U16 basketball team in Tirana and Mitrovica. Data was gathered in 80 youth basketball players for physical parameters. The comparison between Mitrovica team mean values for flexibility on sit and reach test (mean 23.54 cm SD 8.39) and Tirana mean values (mean 22.15 cm SD 6.05) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). Data for speed on 10m test for Mitrovica (mean 1.96 seconds SD 0.18) and Tirana (mean values 2.37 SD 0.26) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). While comparison for speed on 30m test for Mitrovica (mean 4.72 seconds SD 0.36) and Tirana (mean values 5.17 SD 0.39) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). Final data show that youth basketball players from Mitrovica has better results compared to players that play in Tirana.
Sex and gender equality law and policy: a response to Murray, Hunter Blackburn and Mackenzie
Authors: Cowan Sharon , Giles Harry Josephine , Hewer Rebecca , Kaufmann Becky , Kenny Meryl , Morris Sean , Baines Katie Nicoll
Published: November 2020

This article is a response to ‘Losing Sight of Women's Rights: The Unregulated Introduction of Gender Self-Identification as a Case Study of Policy Capture in Scotland’ by Kath Murray, Lucy Hunter Blackburn and Lisa MacKenzie, published in Scottish Affairs 28(3). Murray et al. sought to explore the legal status of women, particularly with regard to discrimination legislation, and concluded that the interests of trans women had begun to systematically erode the interests of non-trans women in Scotland. In this response, we aim to correct some of the erroneous statements made by Murray et al. about legal definitions of sex and gender, and about discrimination law. In critically engaging with Murray et al.’s argument we aim to build a much-needed clearer understanding of law and policy on sex and gender in Scotland, particularly as it relates to the application of the Equality Act 2010. We argue that, in that claiming that there has been policy capture in Scotland, Murray et al. have neglected to contextualise ongoing debates about sex and gender in law against the backdrop of over two decades of clear legal and policy shifts across the UK. We call for researchers and others – in Scotland and elsewhere – to take care, particularly in interpreting and applying the law, especially as it applies to marginalised minority populations, so that we do not further obfuscate or mislead on important legal and social issues.
Mechanobiology of Epithelia From the Perspective of Extracellular Matrix Heterogeneity
Authors: Kozyrina Aleksandra N. , Piskova Teodora , Di Russo Jacopo
Published: November 2020

Understanding the complexity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its variability is a necessary step on the way to engineering functional (bio)materials that serve their respective purposes while relying on cell adhesion. Upon adhesion, cells receive messages which contain both biochemical and mechanical information. The main focus of mechanobiology lies in investigating the role of this mechanical coordination in regulating cellular behavior. In recent years, this focus has been additionally shifted toward cell collectives and the understanding of their behavior as a whole mechanical continuum. Collective cell phenomena very much apply to epithelia which are either simple cell-sheets or more complex three-dimensional structures. Researchers have been mostly using the organization of monolayers to observe their collective behavior in well-defined experimental setupsin vitro. Nevertheless, recent studies have also reported the impact of ECM remodeling on epithelial morphogenesisin vivo. These new concepts, combined with the knowledge of ECM biochemical complexity are of key importance for engineering new interactive materials to support both epithelial remodeling and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the structure and heterogeneity of the ECM before discussing its impact on the epithelial mechanobiology.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels as an Emerging Target for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: An Insight Into Role of Pharmacological Interventions
Authors: Vaidya Bhupesh , Sharma Shyam Sunder
Published: November 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the symptoms of motor deficits and cognitive decline. There are a number of therapeutics available for the treatment of PD, but most of them suffer from serious side effects such as bradykinesia, dyskinesia and on-off effect. Therefore, despite the availability of these pharmacological agents, PD patients continue to have an inferior quality of life. This has warranted a need to look for alternate strategies and molecular targets. Recent evidence suggests the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels could be a potential target for the management of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Though still in the preclinical stages, agents targeting these channels have shown immense potential in the attenuation of behavioral deficits and signaling pathways. In addition, these channels are known to be involved in the regulation of ionic homeostasis, which is disrupted in PD. Moreover, activation or inhibition of many of the TRP channels by calcium and oxidative stress has also raised the possibility of their paramount involvement in affecting the other molecular mechanisms associated with PD pathology. However, due to the paucity of information available and lack of specificity, none of these agents have gone into clinical trials for PD treatment. Considering their interaction with oxidative stress, apoptosis and excitotoxicity, TRP channels could be considered as a potential future target for the treatment of PD.
The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem
Authors: Fernández Leónides , Pannaraj Pia S. , Rautava Samuli , Rodríguez Juan M.
Published: November 2020

Human milk contains a dynamic and complex site-specific microbiome, which is not assembled in an aleatory way, formed by organized microbial consortia and networks. Presence of some genera, such asStaphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium(formerly known asPropionibacterium),Lactobacillus,LactococcusandBifidobacterium, has been detected by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. DNA from some gut-associated strict anaerobes has also been repeatedly found and some studies have revealed the presence of cells and/or nucleic acids from viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa in human milk. Colostrum and milk microbes are transmitted to the infant and, therefore, they are among the first colonizers of the human gut. Still, the significance of human milk microbes in infant gut colonization remains an open question. Clinical studies trying to elucidate the question are confounded by the profound impact of non-microbial human milk components to intestinal microecology. Modifications in the microbiota of human milk may have biological consequences for infant colonization, metabolism, immune and neuroendocrine development, and for mammary health. However, the factors driving differences in the composition of the human milk microbiome remain poorly known. In addition to colostrum and milk, breast tissue in lactating and non-lactating women may also contain a microbiota, with implications in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and in some of the adverse outcomes associated with breast implants. This and other open issues, such as the origin of the human milk microbiome, and the current limitations and future prospects are addressed in this review.
Digital Transition and Waste Management in Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations Industry
Authors: Pellegrini Laura , Campi Stefano , Locatelli Mirko , Pattini Giulia , Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Tagliabue Lavinia Chiara
Published: November 2020

The research aims at analyzing the integration of Waste Management (WM) strategies and Information management in the construction procurement process. The application of Building information modelling (BIM) methodologies for a Most Economically Advantageous Tender could address the digital transition in order to adopt environmentally sustainable practices. Despite the wide regulation regarding waste minimization, an overview of which is provided, AECO is still one of the most polluting industrialized sector. Drivers and barriers to the method, and a literature review are provided: BIM approaches to enable WM practices have been analyzed from the designer and constructor’s point of view, but few studies investigated the role of the Client, in particular the Public Client. The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of Most Economically Advantageous Tender and a BIM methodology to promote WM strategies during the tender phase. Design Build (DB) and Design Bid Build (DBB) procurement models are tested through three case studies of Italian schools' calls for proposals: the BIM model enabled to verify the bids in terms of WM strategies implementation. Blockchain and Smart contract future applications are also investigated in order to ensure transparency of the whole process. The Public Client could trigger a change in the construction sector regarding the integration of WM practices, as a central and active actor of the construction process, through the application of Green Public Procurement and BIM methodologies.
Experimental Study on Heat Loss of a Single Screw Expander for an Organic Rankine Cycle System
Authors: Wang Wei , Shen Li-li , Chen Ru-meng , Wu Yu-ting , Ma Chong-fang
Published: November 2020

For displacement expanders, the irreversible losses include leakage, friction, heat dissipation, and flow resistance. Currently, the research on the heat loss of expanders is scarce, especially with regards to experimental studies. In this paper, the experimental research on the heat loss of the single screw expander (SSE) for the Organic Rankine Cycle was carried out under different working conditions, in the summer and winter, respectively. In each set of experiments, there were five cases, and the temperatures of the working fluids at the inlet of the expander were 83, 93, 103, 113, and 123°C, respectively. The heat removed by the lubricating oil was also measured throughout the experimental period. The experimental results showed that the amount of heat loss was not comparable to the output power and enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the SSE. The proportion of the heat dissipated by the casing was only 30% ranging from 0.11 to 0.28 kW. Comparing the experimental results in summer and winter, the heat loss in summer was lower than in winter, but the variation in output power showed an opposite trend. It was also shown that heat loss was not a main factor affecting the performance of SSEs.
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Abihssira-García Isabel S. , Park Youngjin , Kiron Viswanath , Olsvik Pål A.
Published: November 2020

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functions of organisms, including their defense mechanisms. There is limited information available about the response of immune cells to microplastics; the degree of uptake by the cells, the response of different organs or the impact of environmental concentrations of microplastic are matters that remain unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the toxicity of different polymer types. This study aimed to shed light on the physical impact of small microplastics (1–5 μm) on cells from Atlantic salmon. Immune cells from intestine, blood, and head kidney were exposed to green fluorescent polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP), yellow fluorescent polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) and both. High (50 mg/L), medium (5 mg/L), and low (0.05 mg/L) concentrations were tested for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to study cell mortality and microplastic uptake. Quantitative data of microplastic uptake by fish immune cells were obtained for the first time by imaging flow cytometry. Salmon immune cells showed a relatively low ability to phagocytose microplastics. Less than 6% of the cells ingested the particles after 48 h of exposure to high concentrations. Cells also phagocytosed microplastics at low concentrations although at low rates (<0.1%). PE-MPs was phagocytosed by higher percentage of cells compared to PS-MPs and the former bioaccumulated in time while the latter decreased over time. However, each cell generally phagocytosed more PS-MPs particles than PE-MPs. Cells from different tissues showed different responses to the microplastic polymers. In conclusion, this study shows that immune cells of Atlantic salmon can phagocytose microplastics, and the impact is dependent on the microplastic type. PE-MPs, the most abundant polymer in the oceans and a widely used plastic in salmon aquaculture, was more easily taken up than PS-MPs. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how imaging flow cytometry can be applied in microplastics research.
Airborne Radiometry for Calibration, Validation, and Research in Oceanic, Coastal, and Inland Waters
Authors: Guild Liane S. , Kudela Raphael M. , Hooker Stanford B. , Palacios Sherry L. , Houskeeper Henry F.
Published: November 2020

Present-day ocean color satellite sensors, which principally provide reliable data on chlorophyll, sediments, and colored dissolved organic material in the open ocean, are not well suited for coastal and inland water studies for a variety of reasons, including coarse spatial and spectral resolution plus challenges with atmospheric correction. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) airborne mission concepts tested in 2011, 2013, 2017, and 2018 over Monterey Bay, CA, and nearby inland waters have demonstrated the feasibility of improving airborne monitoring and research activities in case-1 and case-2 aquatic ecosystems through the combined use of state-of-the-art above- and in-water measurement capabilities. These competencies have evolved through time to produce a sensor-web approach: imaging spectrometer, microradiometers, and a sun photometer (airborne) with their analogous algorithms, and with corresponding in-water radiometers and ground-based sun photometry. The NASA airborne instrument suite and mission concept demonstrations, leveraging high-quality above- and in-water data, significantly improves the fidelity as well as the spatial and spectral resolution of observations for studying and monitoring water quality in oceanic, coastal, and inland water ecosystems. The goal of this series of projects was to develop and fly a portable airborne sensor suite for NASA science missions focusing on a gradient of water types from oligotrophic to turbid waters addressing the challenges of an optically complex coastal ocean zone and inland waters. The airborne radiometry in this range of aquatic conditions and sites has supported improved results of studies of water quality and biogeochemistry and provides capabilities for research areas such as ocean productivity and biogeochemistry; aquatic impacts of coastal landscape alteration; coastal, estuarine, and inland waters ecosystem productivity; atmospheric correction; and regional climate variability.