bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseline Susceptibility and Resistance Monitoring for Novaluran 10% EC against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)
Authors: Banu S. N. Salma , Edward Y. S. Johnson Thangaraj , Kannan M. , Srinivasan T. , Kannan R.
Published: August 2023

A Study was undertaken to assess the susceptibility of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) to Novaluran (10% EC) by diet overlay bioassay method. Novaluran 10% EC was tested in vitro against S. frugiperda, obtained from four important Maize-producing tracts in Tamil Nadu. The susceptible population was obtained from FAW laboratory at TNAU which was in the 150th generation and further, reared up to 157th generation. The LC50 and LC95 values of Novaluran 10% EC to the susceptible population decreased from 0.865 to 0.746 ppm and 2.125 to 1.451 ppm, respectively. The susceptibility index of Novaluran was 1.159 and 1.464. The F157 population of S. frugiperda was used to conduct the preliminary discriminating dosage in Novaluran 10% EC and was 0.746 ppm.  Resistance monitoring studies of S. frugiperda from Coimbatore, Perambalur, Salem, and Theni districts revealed that the LC50 values of Novaluran 10% EC ranged from 0.792 and 0.930 ppm for Theni and Coimbatore, respectively. Novaluran 10% EC had the highest resistance ratio of 1.246 fold in the Coimbatore field population and the lowest resistance ratio of 1.061 fold in the Theni field population when compared with the TNAU FAW laboratory susceptible population of S. frugiperda.
The Performance of Open-Ended Funds in Vietnam
Authors: Minh Hue Nguyen Thi , Phuong Huyen Do , Thu Ha Bui , Nguyen Tra My
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Jensen's Alpha is used to measure the performance of 12 open-ended funds operating in Vietnam during the period from 2013 to 2021. The model found out αi and βi. After risk is taken into account, the alpha shows whether or not the portfolio performance outperforms the market. Jensen's Alpha is interpreted in terms of the sign of alpha as well as the statistical significance of the result. Having a positive αi with statistically significant indicates higher performance compared to the market, whilst having a negative αi with statistically significant indicates lower performance. If the value of αi is statistically insignificant, the portfolio has performed similarly to the market. Pooled model regression of panel data analysis is applied to compare such funds’ performance to the VN30index and then use time-series analysis to calculate for an individual fund. The results show that, on average, these 12 open-ended funds are unable to outperform the VN30 index, but only one fund operates better than the VN30 index.
Artificial Intelligence in Toxicology and Pharmacology
Authors: Nasnodkar Siddhesh , Cinar Burak , Ness Stephanie
Published: August 2023

Methods that utilize machine learning and artificial intelligence have transformed a wide variety of fields, including the field of toxicology. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling for toxicity prediction, adverse outcome pathway analysis, high-throughput screening, toxicogenomics, big data, and toxicological databases are just some of the areas that are covered in this review. By leveraging machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches, it is now possible to develop PBPK models for hundreds of chemicals in an efficient manner, to create in silico models to predict toxicity for a large number of chemicals with similar accuracies compared with In vivo animal experiments, and to analyze a large amount of data of various types (toxicogenomics, high-content image data, etc.) to generate new insights into toxicity mechanisms rapidly, which was previously impossible. This is an improvement over the previous situation The field of toxicological sciences faces a number of challenges that must be overcome before it can make further progress. These challenges include the following: (1) not all machine learning models are equally useful for a particular type of toxicology data; therefore, it is important to test different methods to determine the optimal approach; (2) the current toxicity prediction is primarily based on bioactivity classification (yes/no); therefore, additional studies are required to predict the intensity of effect or dose-response relationship.
Assessing the Level of Women's Empowerment among Garment Workers in a Particular Locale of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Moushumy Nusrat Sharmin , Jui Kaniz Fatima , Sultana Sumaya , Siddika Homaira
Published: August 2023

This research aims to assess the socioeconomic characteristics of female workers in the RMG industry with primary data from 100 respondents, equally divided into two categories: 50 Helpers and 50 Operators which is selected randomly. Using tabular analysis and descriptive statistics techniques, the study analyzed the data to gain insights into the socioeconomic profiles of the participants. A random sampling technique was used in selecting sample. Results indicated that a majority of the female workers (both Helpers and Operators) fell within the age group of 15-29 years. Furthermore, only 4% of female employees (Operators) possessed higher secondary education. The study found that 80% of respondents (Helpers) and 72% of respondents (Operators) were married, with the household head typically being the respondents' husband. The research revealed that the average annual salary of Helper respondents was Tk. 62040, while the mean annual income of Operator respondents was Tk. 128400. Regarding credit utilization, the study found that, on average, Helpers received 89.45% of the applied loan amount, with an average applied loan of Tk. 5346, and Operators received 92.24% of the applied loan amount, with an average applied loan of Tk. 8590.The study also explored the empowerment levels of the female workers and discovered that about 92% of Helpers and 90% of Operators kept their earnings and spent independently. Overall, Helper and Operator categories experienced improvements in income levels, health conditions, and financial situations, with decision-making abilities in various aspects of life, such as buying and selling, food selection, family planning, treatment, and visiting relatives, showing significant enhancements. Despite these improvements, the study identified a decline in savings, which decreased by 64% for Helpers and 36% for Operators. In light of these findings, the research advocates for enhancing the existing facilities to maximize the empowerment and well-being of female workers in the RMG industry.
Optimizing Longitudinal Tobacco Cessation Treatment in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Fu Steven S. , Rothman Alexander J. , Vock David M. , Lindgren Bruce R. , Almirall Daniel , Begnaud Abbie , Melzer Anne C. , Schertz Kelsey L. , Branson Mariah , Haynes David , Hammett Patrick , Joseph Anne M.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Nearly half of the 14.8 million US adults eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS) smoke cigarettes. The optimal smoking cessation program components for the LCS setting are unclear.

Objective

To assess the effect of adding a referral to prescription medication therapy management (MTM) to the tobacco longitudinal care (TLC) program among patients eligible for LCS who smoke and do not respond to early tobacco treatment and to assess the effect of decreasing the intensity of TLC among participants who do respond to early treatment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial included patients who currently smoked cigarettes daily and were eligible for LCS. Recruitment took place at primary care centers and LCS programs at 3 large health systems in the US and began in October 2016, and 18-month follow-up was completed April 2021.

Interventions

(1) TLC comprising intensive telephone coaching and combination nicotine replacement therapy for 1 year with at least monthly contact; (2) TLC with MTM, MTM offered pharmacist-referral for prescription medications; and (3) Quarterly TLC, intensity of TLC was decreased to quarterly contact. Intervention assignments were based on early response to tobacco treatment (abstinence) that was assessed either 4 weeks or 8 weeks after treatment initiation.

Main outcomes and Measures

Self-reported, 6-month prolonged abstinence at 18-month.

Results

Of 636 participants, 228 (35.9%) were female, 564 (89.4%) were White individuals, and the median (IQR) age was 64.3 (59.6-68.8) years. Four weeks or 8 weeks after treatment initiation, 510 participants (80.2%) continued to smoke (ie, early treatment nonresponders) and 126 participants (19.8%) had quit (ie, early treatment responders). The 18 month follow-up survey response rate was 83.2% (529 of 636). Across TLC groups at 18 months follow-up, the overall 6-month prolonged abstinence rate was 24.4% (129 of 529). Among the 416 early treatment nonresponders, 6-month prolonged abstinence for TLC with MTM vs TLC was 17.8% vs 16.4% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.13; 95% CI, 0.67-1.89). In TLC with MTM, 98 of 254 participants (39%) completed at least 1 MTM visit. Among 113 early treatment responders, 6-month prolonged abstinence for Quarterly TLC vs TLC was 24 of 55 (43.6%) vs 34 of 58 (58.6%) (aOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.25-1.17).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, adding referral to MTM with TLC for participants who did not respond to early treatment did not improve smoking abstinence. Stepping down to Quarterly TLC among early treatment responders is not recommended. Integrating longitudinal tobacco cessation care with LCS is feasible and associated with clinically meaningful quit rates.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02597491
Time to Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chen KangYu , Nie Zhiqiang , Shi Rui , Yu Dahai , Wang Qi , Shao Fang , Wu Guohong , Wu Zhenqiang , Chen Tao , Li Chao
Published: August 2023

Importance

Emerging evidence has consistently demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) death among patients with HF. However, it remains unclear how long a patient needs to live to potentially benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors in this population.

Objectives

To estimate the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This comparative effectiveness study systematically searched PubMed for completed randomized clinical trials about SGLT2 inhibitors and patients with HF published until September 5, 2022; 5 trials with the year of publication ranging from 2019 to 2022 were eventually included. Statistical analysis was performed from April to October 2022.

Intervention

Addition of SGLT2 inhibitors or placebo to guideline-recommended therapy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the time to first event of CV death or worsening HF, which was broadly comparable across the included trials.

Results

Five trials consisting of 21 947 patients with HF (7837 [35.7%] were female; mean or median age older than 65 years within each trial) were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of worsening HF or CV death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]). Time to first nominal statistical significance (P < .05) was 26 days (0.86 months), and statistical significance was sustained from day 118 (3.93 months) onwards. A mean of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.35) months were needed to prevent 1 worsening HF or CV death per 500 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (absolute risk reduction [ARR], 0.002). Likewise, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.43-1.13) months was estimated to avoid 1 event per 200 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (ARR, 0.005), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.07-2.61) months to avoid 1 event per 100 patients (ARR, 0.010), and 4.96 (95% CI, 3.18-7.26) months to avoid 1 event per 50 patients (ARR, 0.020). Further analyses indicated a shorter time to benefit for HF hospitalization and among patients with diabetes or HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this comparative effectiveness research study of estimating the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF, a rapid clinical benefit in reducing CV death or worsening HF was found, suggesting that their use may be beneficial for most individuals with HF.
Measures of Neighborhood Opportunity and Adherence to Recommended Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Ramachandran Janani , Mayne Stephanie L. , Kelly Mary Kate , Powell Maura , McPeak Katie E. , Dalembert George , Jenssen Brian P. , Fiks Alexander G.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Neighborhood conditions are known to broadly impact child health. Research to date has not examined the association of the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), a multidimensional indicator of neighborhood environment conditions, specifically with pediatric primary care outcomes.

Objective

To determine the association of neighborhood opportunity measured by the COI with health metrics commonly captured clinically in pediatric primary care, reflecting both access to preventive care and child well-being.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional observational study used electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network in the northeastern US. Participants included patients aged 0 to 19 years who were active in the primary care network between November 2020 and November 2022. Data were analyzed in December 2022.

Exposure

Census tract–level COI overall score (in quintiles).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included up-to-date preventive care and immunization status and presence of obesity, adolescent depression and suicidality, and maternal depression and suicidality. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regressions estimated associations of these outcomes with COI quintiles, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance type.

Results

Among 338 277 patients (mean [SD] age, 9.8 [5.9] years; 165 223 female [48.8%]; 158 054 [46.7%] non-Hispanic White, 209 482 [61.9%] commercially insured), 81 739 (24.2%) and 130 361 (38.5%) lived in neighborhoods of very low and very high COI, respectively. Living in very high COI neighborhoods (vs very low COI) was associated with higher odds of being up-to-date on preventive visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.32-1.48) and immunizations (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58-2.00), and with lower odds of obesity (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.52-0.58), adolescent depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.84) and suicidality (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85), and maternal depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.86) and suicidality (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.83).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of electronic health record data found that neighborhood opportunity was associated with multiple pediatric primary care outcomes. Understanding these associations can help health systems identify neighborhoods that need additional support and advocate for and develop partnerships with community groups to promote child well-being. The findings underscore the importance of improving access to preventive care in low COI communities.
Effects of truncations in the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of filensin on filament formation with phakinin in cell‐free conditions and cultured cells
Authors: Tashiro Moe , Nakamura Akari , Kuratani Yamato , Takada Miyako , Iwamoto Satoshi , Oka Mikako , Ando Shoji
Published: August 2023

Filensin and phakinin are lens fiber cell‐specific proteins that constitute the beaded filaments (BFs) that are critical for maintaining lens transparency. In the Shumiya cataract rat, filensin 94 kDa undergoes N‐ and C‐terminal proteolytic processing to give a transient 50 kDa fragment and a final 38 kDa fragment, just before opacification. To characterize the effects of this processing on filensin function, recombinant proteins representing the two filensin fragments, termed Fil(30–416) and Fil(30–369), respectively, were examined. Fil(30–416) lacks the N‐terminal 29 amino acids and the C‐terminal 248 amino acids. Fil(30–369) lacks the N‐terminal 29 residues and the C‐terminal 295 residues. In cell‐free assembly characterized by electron microscopy, filensin and Fil(30–416) co‐polymerized with phakinin and formed rugged, entangled filaments, whereas Fil(30–369) formed only aggregates. In cultured SW‐13 and MCF‐7 cells expressing fluorescent fusion proteins, filensin and Fil(30–416) co‐polymerized with phakinin and formed cytoplasmic sinuous filaments with different widths, while Fil(30–369) gave aggregates. Therefore, while truncation of the N‐terminal 29 amino acids did not affect filament formation, truncation of the C‐terminal 295 but not the 248 residues resulted in failure of filament formation. These results indicate that the tail B region (residues 370–416) of rat filensin is essential for filament formation with phakinin. Truncation of the tail B region by proteolytic processing in the cataract rat lens might interfere with BF formation and thereby contribute to opacification.
Cyclical underreporting of seizures in patient‐based seizure documentation
Authors: Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Richardson Mark P. , Brandt Armin , Zabler Nicolas , Dümpelmann Matthias , San Antonio‐Arce Victoria
Published: August 2023

Objective

Circadian and multidien cycles of seizure occurrence are increasingly discussed as to their biological underpinnings and in the context of seizure forecasting. This study analyzes if patient reported seizures provide valid data on such cyclical occurrence.

Methods

We retrospectively studied if circadian cycles derived from patient‐based reporting reflect the objective seizure documentation in 2003 patients undergoing in‐patient video‐EEG monitoring.

Results

Only 24.1% of more than 29000 seizures documented were accompanied by patient notifications. There was cyclical underreporting of seizures with a maximum during nighttime, leading to significant deviations in the circadian distribution of seizures. Significant cyclical deviations were found for focal epilepsies originating from both, frontal and temporal lobes, and for different seizure types (in particular, focal unaware and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures).

Interpretation

Patient seizure diaries may reflect a cyclical reporting bias rather than the true circadian seizure distributions. Cyclical underreporting of seizures derived from patient‐based reports alone may lead to suboptimal treatment schemes, to an underestimation of seizure‐associated risks, and may pose problems for valid seizure forecasting. This finding strongly supports the use of objective measures to monitor cyclical distributions of seizures and for studies and treatment decisions based thereon.
Biofilm Inhibition of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum L. Extracts Against Candida Infectious Pathogens and In Vivo Action on Galleria mellonella Model
Authors: Asraoui Fadoua , El Mansouri Fouad , Cacciola Francesco , Brigui Jamal , Louajri Adnane , Simonetti Giovanna
Published: August 2023

The increasing importance of fungal infections has fueled the search for new beneficial alternatives substance from plant extracts. The current study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum (L.) leaves extracts against Candida both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of planktonic and sessile Candida albicans and Candida glabrata growth using both leaf extracts are evaluated. Moreover; an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae; infected and treated with the extracts are performed. All extracts show fungicidal activity; with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 128 to 512 µg mL−1 against the two selected strains of Candida. In particular, the best results are obtained with methanolic extract of I. viscosa and G. alypum with an MFC value of 128 µg mL−1. The extracts are capable to prevent 90% of biofilm development at minor concentrations ranging from 100.71 ± 2.49 µg mL−1 to 380.4 ± 0.92 µg mL−1. In vivo, tests on Galleria mellonella larvae show that the extracts increase the survival of the larvae infected with Candida. The attained results reveal that I. viscosa and G. alypum extracts may be considered as new antifungal agents and biofilm inhibiting agents for the pharmaceutical and agro‐food field.
Study on the Corrosion and High‐Temperature‐Resistant Coating for In Situ Crosslinking Reaction Catalyzed by a Special “Egg Inlaid Egg Tray” Structure
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Xue Caihong , Zhou Guilin , Wang Xiaomin , Huang Yong , Ma Yuehua , Nan Hui , Li Heqi , Lin Hong
Published: August 2023

A new type of water corrosion‐resistant coating which is similar to the “egg inlaid egg tray” structure is successfully prepared. Modified chitosan (MCS) and graphene oxide (GO) are crosslinked with waterborne epoxy resin to form a unique 3D “tray” hybrid structure, and the crosslinking reaction is catalyzed by modified nano‐SiO2 (MSiO2) with an egg‐like morphology. The uniformly dispersed MSiO2 can provide crosslinking reaction sites and is firmly “fixed” in the composite coating, thus not only catalyzing the crosslinking reactions with good performance, but also improving the interaction between itself and the as‐formed GO‐MCS structure. Consequently, with the help of “fixed catalytic in situ crosslinking reactions” and synergistic effect between MSiO2 and GO‐MCS, the coating not only shows an improved corrosion resistance with a large impedance modulus at low frequency (|Z|0.01 Hz) of 1.8 × 106 Ω cm2, but also possesses good thermal stability and high hydrophobicity. The protective effect of the composite coating on the substrate is more comprehensive and multiple.
Wear of a Fe2.5Ni2.5CrAl Multiprincipal Element Alloy: A Combined Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Qiao Ling , Ramanujan Raju Vijayaraghavan , Zhu Jingchuan
Published: August 2023

The Fe2.5Ni2.5CrAl multiprincipal element alloy (MPEA) is a promising material for engineering applications because of its high strength and plasticity values. To evaluate the friction and wear performance, reciprocating dry sliding tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to determine the wear mechanism over a range of length scales. This alloy exhibits a lower average friction coefficient and wear volume loss during dry sliding compared with the well‐known Fe2Ni2CrAl alloy. The worn surface morphology reveals abrasive scratches, grooves, and delamination. The fine wear debris possesses high oxygen content, leading to higher wear resistance. The wear mechanism involves abrasive, adhesive, and oxidative wear. The wear, atomic stress and shear strain, dislocations, and lattice structure are analyzed by MD simulations. Point defects, atomic clusters, and stacking faults are identified in the nanowear process. The behavior of the (Shockley)‐type dislocations is identified as the main dislocation mechanism during sliding. Stacking faults produced during the stress release process are present in the indentation. This work provides a deep insight into the friction and wear behavior of Fe2.5Ni2.5CrAl MPEAs.
Laser‐Induced Hierarchical Microcone Arrays for Flexible Tactile Sensors with High Sensitivity and Ultrabroad Detection Range
Authors: Su Yahui , Chu Mengyang , Fang Lei , Guo Xiaohui , Hong Weiqiang , Wang Chaowei , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Zhu Suwan , Wu Dong
Published: August 2023

Flexible tactile sensors have received widespread attention in many potential applications such as intelligence robots, the Internet of Things, and various wearable devices. However, most structure‐enhanced devices are in single‐patterns with limited improvement of sensitivity and working range. Herein, a double‐layered capacitive tactile sensor (DLCTS) with hierarchical microcone arrays, which consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. Relying on its intrinsic hierarchical framework and optimized CNTs/PDMS ratios, the DLCTS exhibits an ultrabroad working range of 0–1400 kPa and a high sensitivity of 0.082 kPa−1. Moreover, this sensor shows favorable sensing performance with excellent durability (over 5500 cycles) and a fast response time (≈40 ms). Diverse powerful applications are demonstrated, including active monitoring of human elbow/knee flexion, respiratory state, walking mode, and convenient Morse code communication. It is envisioned that this sensor should be widely used in potential scenarios such as intelligent wearable devices and medical monitoring.
Integration of Multifunctional Epitaxial (Magnetic) Shape Memory Films in Silicon Microtechnology
Authors: Fink Lukas , Kar Satyakam , Lünser Klara , Nielsch Kornelius , Reith Heiko , Fähler Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Magnetic shape memory alloys exhibit various multifunctional properties, which range from high stroke actuation and magnetocaloric refrigeration to thermomagnetic energy harvesting. Most of these applications benefit from miniaturization and a single crystalline state. Epitaxial film growth is so far only possible on some oxidic substrates, but they are expensive and incompatible with standard microsystem technologies. Here, epitaxial growth of Ni–Mn–based Heusler alloys with single crystal‐like properties on silicon substrates is demonstrated by using a SrTiO3 buffer. It is shown that this allows using standard microfabrication technologies to prepare partly freestanding patterns. This approach is versatile, as its applicability for the NiTi shape memory alloy is demonstrated and spintronic and thermoelectric Heusler alloys are discussed. This paves the way for integrating additional multifunctional effects into state‐of‐the‐art microelectronic and micromechanical technology, which is based on silicon.
Contrasting Charge‐Carrier Dynamics across Key Metal‐Halide Perovskite Compositions through In Situ Simultaneous Probes
Authors: Ulatowski Aleksander M. , Elmestekawy Karim A. , Patel Jay B. , Noel Nakita K. , Yan Siyu , Kraus Hans , Huggard Peter G. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M.
Published: August 2023

Metal‐halide perovskites have proven to be a versatile group of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications, with ease of bandgap tuning and stability improvements enabled by halide and cation mixing. However, such compositional variations can be accompanied by significant changes in their charge‐carrier transport and recombination regimes that are still not fully understood. Here, a novel combinatorial technique is presented to disentangle such dynamic processes over a wide range of temperatures, based on transient free‐space, high‐frequency microwave conductivity and photoluminescence measurements conducted simultaneously in situ. Such measurements are used to reveal and contrast the dominant charge‐carrier recombination pathways for a range of key compositions: prototypical methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3), the stable mixed formamidinium‐caesium lead‐halide perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 targeted for photovoltaic tandems with silicon, and fully inorganic wide‐bandgap CsPbBr3 aimed toward light sources and X‐ray detector applications. The changes in charge‐carrier dynamics in FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 across temperatures are shown to be dominated by radiative processes, while those in MAPbI3 are governed by energetic disorder at low temperatures, low‐bandgap minority‐phase inclusions around the phase transition, and non‐radiative processes at room temperature. In contrast, CsPbBr3 exhibits significant charge‐carrier trapping at low and high temperatures, highlighting the need for improvement of material processing techniques for wide‐bandgap perovskites.
Three‐Dimensional Touch Device with Two Terminals
Authors: Cho Youngjun , Kim Taehoon , Kim Gwangmook , Do Hyung Wan , Kim Seung‐Rok , Park Jin‐Woo , Myoung Jae‐Min , Shim Wooyoung
Published: August 2023

A crossbar array is an essential element that determines the operating position and simplifies the structure of devices. However, in the crossbar array, wiring numerous electrodes to address many positions poses significant challenges. In this study, a method is proposed that utilizes only two electrodes to determine multiple positions. The method significantly simplifies the wiring and device fabrication process. Instead of defining the node location of the crossbar, it is experimentally demonstrated that the x–y–z coordinates can be determined from i) the resistance change as a function of distance, ii) the resistance variation influenced by the electrode composition, and iii) capacitance fluctuation resulting from changes in the dielectric thickness. By employing two‐terminal transparent electrodes, a fully functional 3D touch device is successfully fabricated, introducing a groundbreaking approach to simplify input device architectures.
MXene‐Based Current Collectors for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhengran , Wei Chuanliang , Jiang Huiyu , Zhang Yuchan , Tian Kangdong , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinlu , Xiong Shenglin , Zhang Chenghui , Feng Jinkui
Published: August 2023

As an indispensable component of rechargeable batteries, the current collector plays a crucial role in supporting the electrode materials and collecting the accumulated electrical energy. However, some key issues, like uneven resources, high weight percentage, electrolytic corrosion, and high‐voltage instability, cannot meet the growing need for rechargeable batteries. In recent years, MXene‐based current collectors have achieved considerable achievements due to its unique structure, large surface area, and high conductivity. The related research has increased significantly. Nonetheless, a comprehensive review of this area is seldom. Herein the applications and progress of MXene in current collector are systematically summarized and discussed. Meanwhile, some challenges and future directions are presented.
Interfacial Regulation via Anionic Surfactant Electrolyte Additive Promotes Stable (002)‐Textured Zinc Anodes at High Depth of Discharge
Authors: Lin Yuexing , Li Yan , Mai Zhaoxu , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin
Published: August 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been identified as a viable option for grid energy storage. However, their practical application is limited by the poor performances at a high use rate of zinc. A suitable strategy to improve the cycling stability at a high depth of discharge (DOD) is by realizing the (002)‐textured Zn plating to suppress dendrite growth and side reactions. Herein, a novel electrolyte additive sodium 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonate (MPS) is introduced to regulate the zinc/electrolyte interfacial structure. The MPS anions can form an adsorption layer on the anode surface, which induces Zn deposition in the (002) direction as indicated by first‐principles calculations. Additionally, the adsorption layer can facilitate the reduction of the energy barrier associated with zinc deposition. This modified interface effectively inhibits dendrite and side reactions, resulting in a remarkable cycling lifespan for Zn||Zn symmetric cells, exceeding 800 h at a high DOD of 50%, and over 4500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the capacity stability of the full cells with V2O5·H2O or polyaniline cathodes is substantially improved. A pouch‐type Zn||V2O5·H2O full cell reveals a high capacity of 42 mAh and good capacity retention of 86.6% after 250 cycles, highlighting significant potential for practical applications.
Impact of public research investments on agricultural productivity in Chile
Authors: Guesmi Bouali , Monje Juan Hernán Cabas , Alfaro Valenzuela Marta , Gil José M.
Published: August 2023

This study examined the relationship between public research and development (R&D) investment and agricultural productivity growth in Chile during the 1964–2017 period. To achieve this objective, we used a combined approach based on accounting and econometric measures. The results indicated that agricultural productivity grew at an annual average rate of 2.11%. Additionally, the empirical findings show a positive and significant relationship between public R&D investment and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the cost–benefit analysis reveals a high return (15%–21%) to public R&D resources, which may have contributed to enhancing the productivity performance of Chile's agricultural sector. In this regard, our findings suggest that agricultural R&D spending has been profitable in recent decades and that a higher allocation of R&D resources is justifiable. [EconLit Citations: C22, Q14, Q16].
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Pyridyl‐Directed C−H Allylation of Arenes with 1‐Aryl‐2‐vinylpyrrolidines
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: August 2023

The [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐arylpyridines with 1‐aryl‐2‐vinylpyrrolidines is carried out in CF3CH2OH at 40 °C in the presence of KOAc, affording ortho‐C−H allylation products of arenes in 29 % to 99 % yields and 1:0.7 to 1 : 5.4 Z/E ratio. The amino groups remain in the product molecules. The protocol suits for a wide scope of substrates and tolerates functional groups including alkyl, aryl, MeO, F, Cl, Br, OCF3, and CF3 groups.
Visible Light Photoredox Aziridination of Chalcones
Authors: Shikhar Srivastava Oj , Anand Varun , Rastogi Namrata
Published: August 2023

The aziridination of chalcones with iminoiodinanes under photoredox conditions has been reported. The reaction proceeds through nitrene radical anion intermediate generated from iminoiodinanes. The trapping of nitrene radical anions by chalcones afforded trans‐aziridine products exclusively. The scope of the reaction in terms of both the substrates is considerably wide and in most of the cases trans‐3‐aryl‐aziridine‐2‐ketones were isolated in good yields. The reaction is challenging due to the electron‐deficient nature of the substrate, making this only the second example (after trifluoromethyl alkenes) of photocatalytic aziridination of electron‐deficient double bonds.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Remote Site‐Switchable Hydroarylation of Alkenes Controlled by Ligands
Authors: Li Fei , Luo Yicong , Ren Jinbao , Yuan Qianjia , Yan Deyue , Zhang Wanbin
Published: August 2023

An iridium‐catalyzed remote site‐switchable hydroarylation of alkenes was reported, delivering the products functionalized at the subterminal methylene and terminal methyl positions on an alkyl chain controlled by two different ligands, respectively, in good yields and with good to excellent site‐selectivities. The catalytic system showed good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope, including unactivated and activated alkenes. More importantly, the regioconvergent transformations of mixtures of isomeric alkenes were also successfully realized. The results of the mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction undergoes a chain‐walking process to give an [Ar−Ir−H] complex of terminal alkene. The subsequent processes proceed through the modified Chalk–Harrod‐type mechanism via the migratory insertion of terminal alkene into the Ir−C bond followed by C−H reductive elimination to afford the hydrofunctionalization products site‐selectively.
A Screening Protocol for Exploring Loop Length Requirements for the Formation of a Three Cytosine‐Cytosine+ Base‐Paired i‐Motif
Authors: Ghezzo Michele , Trajkovski Marko , Plavec Janez , Sissi Claudia
Published: August 2023

DNA sequences containing at least four runs of repetitive cytosines can fold into tetra‐helical structures called i‐Motifs (iMs). The interest in these DNA secondary structures is increasing due to their therapeutical and technological applications. Still, limited knowledge of their folding requirements is currently available. We developed a novel step‐by‐step pipeline for the systematic screening of putative iM‐forming model sequences. Focusing on structures comprising only three cytosine‐cytosine+ base pairs, we investigated what the minimal lengths of the loops required for formation of an intra‐molecular iM are. Our data indicate that two and three nucleotides are required to connect the strands through the minor and majorgrooves of the iM, respectively. Additionally, they highlight an asymmetric behavior according to the distribution of the cytosines. Specifically, no sequence containing a single cytosine in the first and third run was able to fold into intra‐molecular iMs with the same stability of those formed when the first and the third run comprise two cytosines. This knowledge represents a step forward toward the development of prediction tools for the proper identification of biologically functional iMs, as well as for the rational design of these secondary structures as technological devices.
Metal Free Dötz‐Type Aminobenzannulation Reaction via 1,1‐Dipoles Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Cai Wei , Huang You
Published: August 2023

Aryl amines are of constant interest in organic synthesis owing to their ubiquity in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. However, C−H amination or pre‐functionalization frequently results in uncontrollable site selectivity, over activation and the generation of inseparable mixtures of regio‐isomers. Here we present a novel metal free Dötz‐type aminobenzannulation reaction that circumvents the selectivity issues inherent in aromatic chemistry, as well as the use of stoichiometric unstable organolithium reagents and toxic chromium complexes. The concept of utilizing readily available isocyanides and Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates to achieve 1,1‐dipoles cross‐coupling to construct ketenimine is the key to success, which has been experimentally and computationally verified. The tandem 6π‐electrocyclization/aromatization process offers a versatile method for synthesizing functionalized anilines, fused aryl amines and fused heteroaryl amines.
TET1 Regulates Skeletal Stem–Cell Mediated Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Pandey Akshay , Hoover Malachia , Singla Mamta , Bedi Yudhishtar , Storaci Hunter , Goodman Stuart B. , Chan Charles , Bhutani Nidhi
Published: August 2023

Objective

Adult skeletal stem cells (SSCs) that give rise to chondrocytes, osteocytes, and stromal cells as progeny have been shown to contribute to cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding extrinsic and intrinsic regulators of SSC fate and function can therefore identify putative candidate factors to enhance cartilage regeneration. This study explores how the DNA hydroxymethylase Tet1 regulates SSC function in OA.

Methods

We investigated the differences in the SSC lineage tree and differentiation potential in neonatal and adult Tet1+/+ and Tet1−/− mice with and without injury and upon OA induction and progression. Using RNA sequencing, the transcriptomic differences between SSCs and bone cartilage stroma progenitor cells (BCSPs) were identified in Tet1+/+ mice and Tet1−/− mice.

Results

Loss of Tet1 skewed the SSC lineage tree by expanding the SSC pool and enhanced the chondrogenic potential of SSCs and BCSPs. Tet1 inhibition led to enhanced chondrogenesis in human SSCs and chondroprogenitors isolated from human cartilage. Importantly, TET1 inhibition in vivo in late stages of a mouse model of OA led to increased cartilage regeneration. Transcriptomic analyses of SSCs and BCSPs lacking Tet1 revealed pathway alterations in transforming growth factor β signaling, melatonin degradation, and cartilage development–associated genes. Lastly, we report that use of the hormone melatonin can dampen inflammation and improve cartilage health.

Conclusion

Although Tet1 is a broad epigenetic regulator, melatonin can mimic the inhibition ability of TET1 to enhance the chondrogenic ability of SSCs. Melatonin administration has the potential to be an attractive stem cell–based therapy for cartilage regeneration.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo/Pyrido[2,1‐a]isoindoles via Alkyne Iminium Ion Cyclization of Vinylogous Carbamates
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Kumari Sanyog , Sherikar Mahadev S.
Published: August 2023

An efficient, acid‐mediated, intramolecular alkyne iminium ion cyclization of oxoisoindolidene for the diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolo/pyridoisoindole is described. This protocol features broad substrate scope and easy scalability. An unusual N to C‐1,3‐alkyl shift is observed with substrates bearing strong electron donating group at the phenyl ring attached to alkyne with concomitant hydration of alkyne to the ketone.
Organizational benefits of neurodiversity: Preliminary findings on autism and the bystander effect
Authors: Hartman Lorne M. , Farahani Mehrdad , Moore Alexander , Manzoor Ateeya , Hartman Braxton L.
Published: August 2023

Although the bystander effect is one of the most important findings in the psychological literature, researchers have not explored whether autistic individuals are prone to the bystander effect. The present research examines whether autistic employees are more likely to report issues or concerns in an organization's systems and practices that are inefficient or dysfunctional. By bringing attention to these issues, autistic employees may foster opportunities to improve organizational performance, leading to the development of a more adaptive, high performing, and ethical culture. Thirty‐three autistic employees and 34 nonautistic employees completed an online survey to determine whether employees on the autism spectrum (1) are more likely to report they would voice concerns about organizational dysfunctions, (2) are less likely to report they were influenced by the number of other witnesses to the dysfunction, (3) if they do not voice concerns, are more likely to acknowledge the influence of other people on the decision, (4) are less likely to formulate “elaborate rationales” for their decisions to intervene or not, and (5) whether any differences between autistic and nonautistic employees with regards to the first two hypotheses, intervention likelihood and degree of influence, are moderated by individual differences in camouflaging. Results indicate that autistic employees may be less susceptible to the bystander effect than nonautistic employees. As a result, autistic employees may contribute to improvements in organizational performance because they are more likely to identify and report inefficient processes and dysfunctional practices when they witness them. These preliminary findings suggesting potential benefits of neurodiversity in the workplace are promising. However, further research is required.
Utility considerations in developing a galvanized iron water pipe management plan
Authors: Edwards Marc , Arnold Roger , Rosenfeldt Becki , Masters Sheldon V. , Parks Jeffrey , Tang Min
Published: August 2023

Galvanized iron pipe (GIP) was once widely installed in publicly and privately owned potable water systems. This antiquated plumbing material can cause water discoloration from iron release, head loss resulting from corrosion scale buildup, and occasional problems with lead (Pb) release to drinking water. In this work, a GIP management framework for utilities is formulated via a literature review and several case studies. The GIP management plan is intended to guide water systems with understanding and addressing GIP issues while considering consumer expectations, corrosion control challenges, variable performance, and associated cost–benefit analysis for corrective actions.
Valorization of tropical fruit‐processing wastes and byproducts for biofuel production
Authors: Gebre Getachew D. , Gebremariam Shemelis N. , Keneni Yadessa G. , Marchetti Jorge M.
Published: August 2023

Global energy demand is expanding due to an increasing population and the use of energy‐intensive technologies. Fossil‐based energy and transportation sectors have been blamed for greenhouse gas emissions and price fluctuations. Biofuel production has been suggested as a possible solution to this problem, despite the cost of production and difficulties with the availability of feedstocks, and the food versus energy debate, which is still a challenging issue. For many decades, researchers have been investigating how to valorize low‐cost and non‐edible biomass resources, including fruit‐processing waste and its byproducts, to produce various biofuels using innovative, cost‐effective, and green technologies to overcome these challenges. However, exhaustive studies and comprehensive and structured knowledge related to the biofuel production potential of fruit waste and byproducts are lacking because most of the research that has been done so far was specific to a single fruit, location, and method. As a result, this review paper emphasizes the evaluation of the physicochemical compositions of the wastes and byproducts derived from tropical fruit production and processing to determine their suitability in the production of different biofuels via various valorization techniques. The results of the review showed that fruit waste is a potential alternative raw material for producing different biofuels, like biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen, and fuel pellets.
Transperineal laser ablation as treatment for benign prostatic obstruction: Safety, feasibility and functional outcomes—A pilot study
Authors: van Kollenburg Rob , van Riel Luigi , Bloemen Paul , de Reijke Theo , Beerlage Harrie , de Bruin Daniel , Oddens Jorg
Published: August 2023

Background

Standard surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) requires anaesthesia and hospitalization. Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) is a novel minimally invasive treatment for BPO, which has been performed using local anaesthetics and conscious sedation.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess safety, feasibility and functional outcomes of TPLA for the treatment of LUTS in men fit also for standard surgery.

Methods

This prospective, multicentre, interventional pilot study included 20 patients. Eligible patients were men ≥40 years of age, with urodynamically proven bladder outlet obstruction, a peak urinary flow of 5–15 mL/s and a prostate volume of 30–120 cc. All subjects underwent Soractelite™ TPLA using the Echolaser® X4 system. Two to four fibres were placed in the prostate, whereafter laser light induced coagulative necrosis. Twelve months of follow‐up included uroflowmetry, an ultrasound of the prostate and PROMs (IPSS and IIEF).

Results

Twenty patients were treated with TPLA using local anaesthetics and optional sedation. Sixteen patients were treated in an outpatient setting, using only local anaesthetics in 12 of them; four were treated in the operating room, whereof two under general anaesthesia. No device related adverse events occurred, nor did any grade ≥3 adverse events during follow‐up. Post‐TPLA, 10 men continued spontaneous voiding, and 10 men developed a urinary retention treated by a temporary indwelling catheter for 15.2 ± 3.5 days. At 12 months, Qmax improved from 9.7 ± 3.5 to 14.9 ± 6.0 (p = 0.015), IPSS improved from 21.3 ± 5.2 to 10.9 ± 5.5 (p < 0.0001), QoL improved from 4.9 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 1.1 (p < 0.0001), IIEF‐15 total score remained stable and 11/13 patients (85%) preserved antegrade ejaculation.

Conclusions

TPLA is a safe and feasible treatment for men with LUTS due to BPO. TPLA can be performed in an outpatient setting under only local anaesthetics. Functional and quality of life outcomes improved significantly at 12 months, and erectile function remained stable.