bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling for the Diagnosis of Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors
Authors: Zheng Yu , Sun Yifeng , Kuai Yue , Fu Guoxiang , An Huimin , Chen Jinyun , Chen Jinying , Zhu Jiajun , Wo Yixin , Wu Yiwang , Song Kaibin , Xu Qinghua , Wu Di , Huang Deshuang , Wang Qifeng , Pan Hongming
Published: December 2020

Background: The incidence of multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) is rising due to the development of screening technologies, significant treatment advances and increased aging of the population. For patients with a prior cancer history, identifying the tumor origin of the second malignant lesion has important prognostic and therapeutic implications and still represents a difficult problem in clinical practice. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a 90-gene expression assay and explored its potential diagnostic utility for MPMTs across a broad spectrum of tumor types. Thirty-five MPMT patients from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were enrolled; 73 MPMT specimens met all quality control criteria and were analyzed by the 90-gene expression assay. Results: For each clinical specimen, the tumor type predicted by the 90-gene expression assay was compared with its pathological diagnosis, with an overall accuracy of 93.2% (68 of 73, 95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.97). For histopathological subgroup analysis, the 90-gene expression assay achieved an overall accuracy of 95.0% (38 of 40; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) for well-moderately differentiated tumors and 92.0% (23 of 25; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) for poorly or undifferentiated tumors, with no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.5). For squamous cell carcinoma specimens, the overall accuracy of gene expression assay also reached 87.5% (7 of 8; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99) for identifying the tumor origins. Conclusions: The 90-gene expression assay provides flexibility and accuracy in identifying the tumor origin of MPMTs. Future incorporation of the 90-gene expression assay in pathological diagnosis will assist oncologists in applying precise treatments, leading to improved care and outcomes for MPMT patients.
The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Mosili Palesa , Mkhize Bongeka Cassandra , Ngubane Phikelelani , Sibiya Ntethelelo , Khathi Andile
Published: December 2020

Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, glucose handling using the Homeostasis Model Assessment indices, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test (FST) were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were measured too. Results: Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone (CORT) was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed underwent the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion: These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.
High expression level of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dokuni Ryota , Nagano Tatsuya , Jimbo Naoe , Sato Hiroki , Kiriu Tatsunori , Yasuda Yuichiro , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Tachihara Motoko , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Nishimura Yoshihiro
Published: December 2020

Background: Recent studies have revealed that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2) is associated with tumorigenesis. However, SERPINE2 expression and its role in lung adenocarcinomas are still unknown.Methods: The expression levels of SERPINE2 in 74 consecutively resected lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed by using immunostaining. Inhibition of SERPINE2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was detected by quantitative PCR. Cell number assays and cell apoptosis assays were performed to clarify the cell-autonomous function of SERPINE2 in A549 and PC9 lung cancer cells.Results: The overall survival of patients with high SERPINE2 expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low SERPINE2 expression (P=0.0172). Multivariate analysis revealed that SERPINE2 expression was an independent factor associated with poor prognosis (P=0.03237). The interference of SERPINE2 decreased cell number and increased apoptosis in A549 and PC9 cellsConclusion: These results suggest that SERPINE2 can be used as a novel prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Computational Barthel Index: An Automated Tool for Assessing and Predicting Activities of Daily Living Among Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Wojtusiak Janusz , Asadzadehzanjani Negin , Levy Cari , Alemi Farrokh , Williams Allison E.
Published: December 2020

Background: Assessment of functional ability, including Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), is a manual process completed by skilled health professionals. In the presented research, an automated decision support tool, the Computational Barthel Index Tool (CBIT), was constructed that can automatically assess and predict probabilities of current and future ADLs based on patients’ medical history.Methods: The data used to construct the tool include the demographic information, inpatient and outpatient diagnosis codes, and reported disabilities of 181,213 residents of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Community Living Centers. Supervised machine learning methods were applied to construct the CBIT. Temporal information about times from the first and the most recent occurrence of diagnoses was encoded. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to tune hyperparameters, and independent test sets were used to evaluate models using AUC, accuracy, recall and precision. Random forest achieved the best model quality. Models were calibrated using isotonic regression.Results: The unabridged version of CBIT uses 578 patient characteristics and achieved average AUC of 0.94 (0.93-0.95), accuracy of 0.90 (0.89-0.91), precision of 0.91 (0.89-0.92), and recall of 0.90 (0.84-0.95) when re-evaluating patients. CBIT is also capable of predicting ADLs up to one year ahead, with accuracy decreasing over time, giving average AUC of 0.77 (0.73-0.79), accuracy of 0.73 (0.69-0.80), precision of 0.74 (0.66-0.81), and recall of 0.69 (0.34-0.96). A simplified version of CBIT with 50 top patient characteristics reached performance that does not significantly differ from full CBIT.Conclusion: Discharge planners, disability application reviewers and clinicians evaluating comparative effectiveness of treatments can use CBIT to assess and predict information on functional status of patients.
A US population health survey on the impact of COVID-19 using the EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Hay Joel W. , Gong PharmD Cynthia L. , Jiao Xiayu , Zawadzki  , Zawadzki Roy S. , Pickard A. Simon , Xie Feng , Crawford  , Gu Ning Yan
Published: December 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on the economy, population health, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US population HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L.Design: We surveyed respondents on physical and mental health, demographics, socioeconomics, brief medical history, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, financial and spending changes. Results were compared to online and face-to-face US population norms. Predictors of EQ-5D-5L utility were analyzed using both standard and post-lasso OLS regressions. Robustness of regression coefficients against unmeasured confounding was analyzed using the E-Value sensitivity analysis.Subjects: Amazon MTurk workers (n=2776) in the US.Main Measures: EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores by age group. Key Results: We received n=2746 responses. Subjects 18-24 years reported lower mean (SD) health utility (0.752 (0.281)) compared with both online (0.844 (0.184), p=0.001) and face-to-face norms (0.919 (0.127), p<0.001). Among ages 25-34, utility was worse compared to face-to-face norms only (0.825 (0.235) vs. 0.911 (0.111), p<0.001). For ages 35-64, utility was better during-pandemic compared to online norms (0.845 (0.195) vs. 0.794 (0.247), p<0.001). At age 65+, utility values (0.827 (0.213)) were similar across all samples. VAS scores were worse for all age groups (p<0.005) except ages 45-54. Increasing age and income were correlated with increased utility, while being Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic, married, living alone, having history of chronic illness or self-reported depression, experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms, having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, being underweight and living in California were associated with worse utility scores. Results were robust to unmeasured confounding.Conclusions: HRQoL decreased during the pandemic compared to US population norms, especially for ages 18-24. The mental health impact of COVID-19 is significant and falls primarily on younger adults whose health outcomes may have been overlooked based on policy initiatives to date.
Constitutive WNT Signaling via CTNNB1 Stabilization in the Yolk Sac Epithelium Results in Embryonic Lethality in Mice
Authors: Bansal Mayur , Cuomo Danila , Yusi Ephraim A. , Lynch Rachel M. , Threadgill David
Published: December 2020

BackgroundBeta-catenin (CTNNB1) is a key downstream effector of the WNT signaling pathway that is involved in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. To further study the role of CTNNB1 in gut tumorigenesis, mice carrying a conditional, stabilizing mutation of Ctnnb1 (Ctnnb1tm1Mmt) were crossed with mice expressing CRE recombinase under the intestinal epithelial Villin 1 promoter (Vil1-Cre).ResultsContrary to expectations, no double heterozygous mice (Ctnnb1tm1Mmt, Vil1-Cre) were observed at birth, suggesting embryonic lethality. After assessment of the timing of embryonic lethality, which occurs between embryonic stage 11.5 and 13.5, the (ROSA)26Sortm1Sor reporter was crossed with Vil1-Cre and the resulting embryos and placentae were stained for beta-galactosidase activity. CRE under control of the Vil1 promoter was found to be expressed in the yolk sac epithelium, indicating potential extraembryonic defects caused by constitutive WNT signaling. Analysis of RNAseq data from yolk sac-derived RNA indicated changes in inflammation-associated pathways due to the constitutive WNT signaling. ConclusionsEmbryonic lethality due to Vil1-Cre driven WNT signaling in the yolk sac epithelium causes potential defects in the transfer of yolk sac derived erythromyeloid progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells to the embryo, and shows the limits of using the Vil1-Cre transgenic line for analysis of adult tissues.
A TERRA COMO AFIRMAÇÃO DO ARQUÉTIPO DA MULHER SELVAGEM: UMA ANÁLISE DA RECOMENDAÇÃO GERAL Nº 19 ADOTADA PELA CONVENÇÃO SOBRE A ELIMINAÇÃO DE TODAS AS FORMAS DE DISCRIMINAÇÃO CONTRA A MULHER – CEDAW
Authors: Alves Fernando de Brito , Souza Marina Marques de Sá
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de artigo que investiga o acesso à terra pela mulher camponesa como expressão do resgate do arquétipo da Mulher Selvagem. A análise dá-se, num primeiro momento, a partir da narrativa do conto “Pele de foca, pele da alma”, do livro “Mulheres que correm com os lobos: mitos e histórias do arquétipo da mulher selvagem”, de Clarissa Pinkola Estés. A história sobre a perda da pele da mulher-foca – a privação de seu self selvagem, de sua terra natal – permite estabelecer uma nova compreensão sobre os movimentos sociais campesinos femininos pelo acesso e posse da terra. Cumprida essa etapa, passa-se à revisão de alguns documentos normativos que regulam o acesso à terra pelas mulheres no Brasil e que, nesse sentido, avançam no combate estrutural contra a discriminação da mulher do campo. Por fim, faz-se o exame da Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher – CEDAW, tratado internacional de proteção dos direitos humanos das mulheres, ratificado pelo Estado brasileiro, que impõe, dentre outras temáticas, parâmetros mínimos de ações estatais na promoção do acesso à terra pelas mulheres. Utiliza o método exploratório e, como ferramentas de pesquisa, a revisão bibliográfica, histórica, legislativa e documental sobre o tema. Conclui-se que, embora signatário do tratado objeto de análise, o Brasil perpetua a violência de gênero no campo e, assim agindo, aniquila a Mulher Selvagem, mentora do viver das mulheres camponesas.
A DOUTRINA DA RES INTERPRETATA NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: DIFERENCIAIS, POTENCIALIDADES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Fuchs Marino Tiago , Coimbra de Carvalho Luciani
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo analisa a eficácia res interpretata das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, é abordado o surgimento da doutrina da res interpretata no sistema europeu de direitos humanos, incluindo as implicações relacionadas à compreensão da Convenção Europeia como living instrument e à teoria da margem de apreciação. Na sequência, é apontada a migração da referida doutrina para a jurisprudência interamericana, com especial destaque ao controle de convencionalidade e às considerações feitas pelo juiz Mac-Gregor no caso Gelman v. Uruguai. Além disso, são discutidos os diferenciais, potencialidades e desafios do reconhecimento da Corte de San José como órgão difusor de padrões de interpretação e aplicação de direitos humanos para além dos casos concretos a ela submetidos, analisando-se, para fins exemplificativos, as repercussões da posição da corte regional sobre as leis de anistia latino-americanas. A pesquisa utiliza-se do método dedutivo, mediante revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Ao final, conclui-se que as peculiaridades do sistema interamericano permitem um melhor desenvolvimento da doutrina da res interpretata, sendo ressalvada a necessidade de aprimoramento do diálogo entre a Corte Interamericana e as autoridades internas dos Estados.
BEM-ESTAR IDEAL EM ZOOLÓGICOS BRASILEIROS: VERDADE OU MITO?
Authors: Souza Marcos Vinícius de , Botelho Núbia Estéfane Gomes , Silva Júnior Paulo Gabriel Pereira da , Vidal Maria Larissa Bitencourt , Batista Maycon José
Published: December 2020

Cumprir apenas a legislação federal concernente a manutenção de animais selvagens em cativeiro e as regulamentações de bem-estar animal não condiz mais com uma visão moderna da conservação ex-situ, visto que ela busca apenas a reconhecer os padrões mínimos e, diga-se de passagem, não ideais, na manutenção de animais cativos. Portanto, a implementação de programas de bem-estar animal não deve apenas cumprir os requisitos legais, mas sim ir além a fim de garantir um bem-estar ideal físico e psicológico de todos os animais residentes em zoológicos nacionais. Não basta apenas fornecer a sobrevivência e a reprodução destes animais e sim manter um planejamento de cuidado e manejo. Mudar também o rótulo de tratador para cuidador por si só, é apenas mais uma nomenclatura vazia e sem ganhos para instituição, visto que estes elementos chaves do processo necessitam de qualificações e reciclagens num processo continuum.  Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica acerca do bem-estar animal em zoológicos brasileiros.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE NO BRASIL: UMA APLICAÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS ADQUIRIDOS DURANTE UM CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Melo Lucas Morais
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo matemático que pode ser utilizado para estimar valores anuais da produção brasileira de leite de vaca. Para o desenvolvimento do modelo foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa da Pecuária Municipal (PPM), de 1973 a 2018, anualmente elaborada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O modelo foi construído via técnica de regressão utilizando recursos computacionais.  O erro percentual médio obtido foi de 4,703%, mostrando-se assim que o modelo obtido se ajusta bem aos dados. Para validação do modelo foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Trimestral do Leite (PTL), também realizada pelo IBGE. Comparando-se os dados da PTL de 2019 com o valor estimado do modelo para este mesmo ano, chega-se a uma diferença percentual de 6,537%, confirmando que o modelo obtido se ajusta relativamente bem aos dados oficiais. Além disso, este artigo pode ser utilizado para ilustrar uma aplicação de conhecimentos adquiridos durante um curso de graduação, ou seja, pode ser utilizado para fins didáticos.
ABORTO DECORRENTE DE HIDROPSIA FETAL EM PRIMIGESTA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Altoé Laíssa Gava , Tinoco Eliza Moreira de Mattos
Published: December 2020

Hidropsia fetal é um sinal patológico obstétrico raro que acomete cerca de 1/4.000 partos, cuja etiologia pode ser decorrente de mais de 100 tipos de doenças. Trata-se de um distúrbio hídrico que cursa com o acometimento de dois ou mais tecidos moles ou cavidades serosas do feto Em geral o diagnóstico se dá por meio da ultrassonografia pélvica de rotina. O prognóstico dessa patologia é bastante lôbrego, já que boa parte das crianças são natimortas ou desfrutam de poucas horas de vida após o nascimento. Contudo, embora raro, é possível observar sobreviventes sem anormalidades; mas para isso é necessário um diagnóstico precoce - visando o conhecimento da etiologia –, que determinará o tratamento e condutas adequadas. O presente estudo visa relatar um caso de hidropsia fetal, provavelmente decorrente de causa não imune, que evoluiu em aborto espontâneo na 19ª semana de gestação.  O caso relatado traz à luz a discussão da etiologia, diagnósticos e condutas acerca da hidropsia fetal, patologia que embora tenha recebido atenções pré-natais significativas, não têm demostrado boas mudanças de paradigma.
La comunicación aumentativa y alternativa: lectoescritura e inclusión en niños con síndrome de Down
Authors: Badillo Jiménez Vanessa Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Esta obra aborda la concepción de la lectura y escritura desde una mirada neurolingüïstica del aprendizaje escolar. Es resultado de un proceso de investigación realizado para mejorar la inclusión escolar de niños y niñas con Síndrome de Down, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 6 y 12 años de edad cronológica y quienes, a pesar de encontrarse integrados en escuelas públicas de Boyacá, Colombia, no se sentían parte de un proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje dentro de la escuela. Por tanto, parte de la necesidad de enseñar competencias lectoescriturales en los niños y niñas participantes en este estudio, mediante la implementación de la comunicación aumentativa y alternativa, como método que les facilitó la adquisición del símbolo lectoescrito. Ofrece un enfoque metodológico cuyos resultados pueden ser de suma utilidad a la comunidad académica colombiana.
Aplicaciones de la dendroecología en el manejo forestal: una revisión
Authors: Rojas-García Fabiola , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Gutiérrez García Genaro , Ángeles Pérez Gregorio , Reyes Hernández Valentín José , De Jong Bernardus H. J.
Published: December 2020

La dendroecología es una subdisciplina de la dendrocronología, que se refiere al estudio de los procesos ecológicos en un bosque por medio del análisis de anillos de crecimiento de los árboles de un rodal. Esta subdisciplina es útil para comprender la dinámica de crecimiento en condiciones naturales y de manejo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue hacer una revisión sobre la aplicación de la dendroecología como herramienta en manejo forestal. Se identificaron 78 trabajos que involucraron 118 especies. Los países donde se ha realizado un mayor número de estudios dendroecológicos son Estados Unidos de América, España y Argentina. Las prácticas de manejo que fueron mayormente beneficiadas con el uso de métodos dendroecológicos son la estimación del tiempo de turno en la fase de planeación. el aclareo en la fase de ejecución. y las evaluaciones de crecimiento y rendimiento, así como los impactos de plagas y enfermedades sobre el crecimiento en la fase de monitoreo. La investigación en manejo forestal se sustenta principalmente en el seguimiento de parcelas permanentes de medición y puede ser fortalecida por el análisis de anillos de crecimiento. Los métodos dendrocronológicos proporcionan información relevante sobre la estructura del bosque, el estado fitosanitario, las tasas de crecimiento de especies arbóreas y su variación temporal. Las experiencias de la investigación dendroecológica llevada a cabo en otros países pueden aplicarse también en México, incluyendo el estudio de especies latifoliadas. El uso de la dendroecología como herramienta para el manejo forestal contribuiría a optimizar la producción maderable y favorecería la conservación de los ecosistemas forestales en el país.
Генерация периодической последовательности ультракоротких электромагнитных импульсов в схеме с двумя параллельными излучающим и поглощающим электронными пучками
Authors: Гинзбург Н.С. , Вилков М.Н. , Данилов Ю.Ю. , Конюшков А.П. , Юровский Л.A. , Иляков Е.В. , Кулагин И.С. , Зотова И.В.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate the possibility of generating periodical trains of ultrashort microwave pulses based on the effect of passive mode-locking in a scheme with two parallel coaxial electron beams formed by a single cathode and transported in a single vacuum volume. The external tubular beam provides amplification of radiation during rectilinear motion along a periodic slow-wave structure, while the internal paraxial beam provides nonlinear cyclotron absorption.
Lo que la corrupción rindió: corrupción y culturas
Authors: Morris Stephen David
Published: December 2020

Por descartar la cultura como una causa de la corrupción, muchos hacen caso omiso a la importancia de la cultura para entender y combatir este flagelo. Este trabajo pretende ubicar el lugar teórico de la cultura dentro del análisis de la corrupción. Visto como consecuencia y no causa, hace hincapié en el impacto cultural de la corrupción tan arraigada en México a través de los años, evaluando su trascendencia en la cultura política y también las implicaciones dentro de la cultura institucional de los funcionarios. Tales actitudes, creencias y sentimientos que la sociedad y los funcionarios aprenden por medio de sus experiencias y la socialización, aunque no sean las causas de la corrupción,  sí representan factores importantes que perpetúan la corrupción, creando dilemas de acción colectiva dentro y fuera del gobierno y obstaculizando la política contra la corrupción. Esto genera grandes retos para combatir la corrupción. El trabajo concluye analizando las formas de cambio necesarias para superar estos dilemas.
Análisis de la política pública orientada al fenómeno delictivo en México en materia de secuestro, desde una perspectiva teórico- estadística
Authors: Escutia Paredes Laura
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis teórico- estadístico del delito en materia de secuestro para conocer los cambios, las variaciones o tendencias que permitan describir el patrón histórico de la incidencia del secuestro a nivel nacional tanto de los años anteriores (2001-2009) y los años posteriores a (2010-2018), al diseño formalización e implementación de la política pública orientada al delito en materia de secuestro, esto con el objetivo de conocer si las medidas que el gobierno ha insistido en implementar para dar solución al problema del secuestro en torno a la prevención han incidido de manera positiva logrando la disminución en el índice de este delito. Los datos que se utilizaron son el número total de denuncias del delito en materia de secuestro que se presentaron durante el periodo de 1997 y hasta el 2018, ante las Agencias del Ministerio Público y reportadas por las Procuradurías Generales de Justicia y Fiscalías Generales de las 32 entidades federativas, para lo cual se utilizó el programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Los resultados que arrojaron los análisis muestran una tendencia secular, ya que el valor de la variable tiende a aumentar o disminuir en un periodo de tiempo muy largo (1997-2013), asimismo se observa una variación irregular (en el año 2006 un pico, es decir, un aumento inesperado y en los periodos del 2014 al 2019 la incidencia delictiva sube y baja cada dos años). La prueba T para muestras relacionadas nos permite concluir que existe una diferencia significativa del número de secuestros anterior y posterior al diseño y formalización de la política pública orientada al delito en materia de secuestro.
Coordinación Intergubernamental y Desarrollo metropolitano: aproximación al caso de la Ley de Desarrollo Metropolitano para la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Quinto Ortiz Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

Con el paso del tiempo las metrópolis han ganado cada vez más terreno en el ordenamiento territorial de la mayoría de países en el mundo, los retos desde la administración pública para impulsar el desarrollo metropolitano tienen que ver con la regulación de las relaciones intergubernamentales para ponerlas en función de la planificación urbana a través de la coordinación intergubernamental. Un caso reciente en México es la Iniciativa de Ley de Desarrollo Metropolitano para la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México.
The Kyrgyz Anti-Islamic Mission of the Orenburg Diocese (1890s to early 20th century)
Authors: Lysenko Yuliya A. , Efimenko Marina N.
Published: December 2020

As a contribution to the history of the institutional development of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Central Asian parts of the Russian Empire, the present article analyzes the emergence of missionary structures in the Orenburg diocese. The research is based on a wide range of administrative documents of the Orenburg diocese (preserved in the State Archive of the Orenburg region), and on materials published in the Orenburg Diocesan Gazette. The contribution explores the reasons for the creation of the regional Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society and the Kyrgyz Mission, and identifies the stages of their activities. It also highlights the features of the organization of Orthodox missionary work among the Kazakhs of the Urals and Turgay regions. The authors argue that Orthodox missionary work in the Steppe was meant to exclude the Kazakhs from the ongoing all-Russian Muslim consolidation. The strategy that the Russian state chose to control regions with a dense inorodtsy (non-Russians) population was acculturation, to control the respective populations by inclu- ding them into the cultural and religious Russian-Orthodox space. On the spot, however, the officials of the Kyrgyz Mission faced a whole range of obstacles, including particular attitudes of the Kazakhs about aspects of the Christian dogma. Also, there was already well-funded Islamic missionary work in the Ural and Turgai steppes. The Orthodox parish system remained weak, and state financing of missionary work was considered insufficient. The resettlement of peasants into the region required that employees of the Kirghiz mission changed their emphasis from missionary work to the ordinary duties of parish priests. All this allows the authors to conclude that the efficiency of Orthodox missionary structures among the Kazakhs of the Orenburg diocese was low.
The False Dmitry I in Polish-Lithuanian Public and Political Opinion 1603-1604
Authors: Eylbart Nataliya V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the socio-political resonance among the ruling elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, caused by the emergence in Poland of False Dmitry I. the Reconstruction based on the letters of members of the Senate to king Sigismund III, written in response to his question about how to deal with a man calling himself the son of Ivan The Terrible and heir to the Moscow throne. The second part of the study is based on instructions given by the gentry of the various States of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to deputies sent to the Sejm in Warsaw, which was to be held in January 1605. There were heated discussions about the campaign of False Dmitry I to Moscow, so these instructions are also a valuable historical source. The letters of Polish senators cited in this article were previously briefly mentioned in studies on the Time of Troubles. They are currently stored in the manuscript Department of the Kurnick library of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Among them are letters from Chancellor Y. Zamoyski, Lithuanian Hetman Y. Khodkiewicz, Krakow castellan Y. Ostrozhski, poznań castellan Y. Ostrorog, Bratslav podkomor L. Piaseczynski, poznań Bishop L. Goslicki, Plock voivode S. Krasinski and Sandomierz castellan S. Tarnowski. This article presents for the first time in full the translations of fragments of these letters concerning False Dmitry I, since their brief analysis in the historical literature did not reflect the fullness of the emotions and feelings of the Polish ruling elite regarding this issue. As a result of full acquaintance with the sources, we came to the conclusion that the full Polish Senate was against the extradition of the impostor to the Moscow state, and among them was also the Chancellor Y. Zamoyski. Opinions differed as to the future of the Prince, but they were also very cautious and did not call for his immediate support from the king and the Republic.
Gleb Vassilievich Wataghin: Physics, University and Politics in Brazil (1934-1949)
Authors: Vieira Souza da Silva Luciana , Bontempi Bruno Jr.
Published: December 2020

In 1934, the Russian-Italian physicist Gleb Vassilevich Wataghin arrived in Brazil as part of an Italian diplomatic mission to organize the instruction of physics at the new Universidade de So Paulo. Still in the country, he returned to his Russian origins after Brazils declaration of war against Italy and the other Axis countries in 1942. This article discusses how Wataghin asserted his Russian nationality to help him stay there and adapt his work. It analyzes Wataghins path according to the methodological concept of intellectual scientists to investigate his political engagement with the organization of the scientific field, considering his work as a professor and a physicist, and his national origins. By examining the relevant sources to reconstruct his itinerary, social networks and generation, the authors consider the scientists intellectual outlook. They conclude, among other, that Wataghin's involvement in So Paulo's Russian community, specifically the Russian Red Cross, made him the target of investigation and repression by the State Department of Political and Social Order of So Paulo. After World War II, being a physicist further aggravated suspicions of the authorities. This affected Wataghins work environment and social network, which were also under investigation.
Lyubichankovskiy, S.V. Imperskaya politika akkul’turatsii i problema kolonializma (na primere kochevykh i polukochevykh narodov Rossiyskoy imperii): monografiya [Imperial policy of acculturation and problem of colonialism (based on the example of nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples in the Russian Empire): a monograph]. Orenburg: OGAU Publishing Center, 2019. 480 p.
Authors: Isogai Masumi
Published: December 2020

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Evaluation of the influence of the machine environment factors on the strategic planning of development of recreational tourism of Сrimea
Authors: Bogomolova Elena S.
Published: December 2020

The main goal is to consider the main provisions of strategic planning for the development of recreational tourism in Crimea based on an assessment of the influence of macroenvironmental factors, which makes it possible to develop aggregated indicators for the medium term to increase the competitive position of the republic's recreational business, enhance the role of the market for recreational and health services, and improve the quality parameters of provided recreational services. The study examines the key positions of the STEEP-analysis of the external macroenvironment for the development of recreational tourism in Crimea, which have a high probability of implementation. The ratio of organized and amateur recreational tourism, which affects the level of occupancy of the room fund of collective accommodation facilities, changes in their profitability based on the indicators of the State Program for the Development of Resorts and Tourism of the Republic of Crimea in 2015-2022, has been estimated. As one of the approaches to strategic planning, the application of the quantitative method of scenario forecasting is considered, which made it possible to determine the dynamics of such forecast indicators as the potential volume of provided recreational services, the number of arrivals and accommodated tourists and recreants, the volume of income of recreational tourism taken out of the shadow turnover and calculate the increase in the volume of recreational services of the Republic of Crimea in the amount of 409.3 million rubles for the period 2020-2026.
“Non-Russian in Russian”: Notes on Translingual Literature and Poetry by I. Khugaev
Authors: Kulieva Sheker A. , Sinyachkin Vladimir P.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the comprehension of Russian-language literature problem, which is an organic part of translingual literature, relevant for modern philology. Works created in Russian by ethnically non-Russian authors are characterized by their ethnic substrate - an internal form of culture, which is actualized both at the level of individual lexical elements and at the level of microand macro-plots, script implications, mythologemes and culture codes. The study was based on selected poems by the outstanding North Ossetian poet I.S. Khugaev. The selection of works was carried out taking into account the presence of opaque ethno-cultural elements that represent important information about the original culture transmitted in the poetic text, as well as the reconstruction of fragments of the national model of the world in them, recreated in poems.
Results of a Survey of Schoolchildren and Students of Professional Educational Organizations on the State, Preservation and Development of Native Languages of the Peoples of Russia
Authors: Bolotina Tatyana V. , Danilova Olga A.
Published: December 2020

The problem of language continuity in modern conditions has become particularly relevant for Russia, where the number of languages and dialects is directly related to ethnic diversity and is more than 270. Activities aimed at increasing the motivation and interest of the younger generation in learning their native language and national culture are becoming more relevant. To implement these measures, it is necessary to understand the real needs of students for language education. The purpose of the research was to identify the opinions of schoolchildren and professional educational organizations on the state, preservation and development of the languages of the peoples of Russia.
Principles and Techniques for Competence Formation in Russian Dialogical Speech among Iraqi University of Baghdad Students
Authors: Kadhim Munder Mulla , Hisham Hisham Ali
Published: December 2020

The article has an attempt to name the principles and techniques for competence formation in Russian dialogical speech among Iraqi University of Baghdad students. The notion of competence in dialogic speech is defined as the ability to successfully implement spoken foreign language activities in a dialogic form in accordance with the situation of communication. It is established that the competence in dialogical speech is based on the acquired knowledge (declarative and procedural), skills (phonetic, lexical and grammatical) and skills (speech, training, intellectual and compensatory). It is reported that the implementation of every of the above components of competence in the dialogical speech for Iraqi University of Baghdad students occurs through the implementation of certain principles (activity principle, visibility principle, situationality principle, the principle of advanced professional orientation of educational material, novelty principle, functionality principle), and methods or technologies (work in pairs, work in triples, work in small groups, carousel, aquarium), which will enable to achieve high results in training Russian as a foreign language for the Iraqi University of Baghdad students.
Look into the Eyes of the Beasts. Book Review: Yakhina G.Sh. Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes. Moscow: AST: Redakcya Eleny Shubinoi, 2015.108 p.
Authors: Zhuchkova Anna V.
Published: December 2020

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On the realization of explicit Runge-Kutta schemes preserving quadratic invariants of dynamical systems
Authors: Ying Yu , Malykh Mikhail D.
Published: December 2020

We implement several explicit Runge-Kutta schemes that preserve quadratic invariants of autonomous dynamical systems in Sage. In this paper, we want to present our package ex.sage and the results of our numerical experiments. In the package, the functions rrk_solve, idt_solve and project_1 are constructed for the case when only one given quadratic invariant will be exactly preserved. The function phi_solve_1 allows us to preserve two specified quadratic invariants simultaneously. To solve the equations with respect to parameters determined by the conservation law we use the elimination technique based on Grbner basis implemented in Sage. An elliptic oscillator is used as a test example of the presented package. This dynamical system has two quadratic invariants. Numerical results of the comparing of standard explicit Runge-Kutta method RK(4,4) with rrk_solve are presented. In addition, for the functions rrk_solve and idt_solve, that preserve only one given invariant, we investigated the change of the second quadratic invariant of the elliptic oscillator. In conclusion, the drawbacks of using these schemes are discussed.
On methods of quantitative analysis of the company’s financial indicators under conditions of high risk of investments
Authors: Shchetinin Eugeny Yu.
Published: December 2020

The paper investigates the methods of quantitative analysis of hidden statistical relationships of the financial indicators of companies under conditions of high investment risk. A new semi-parametric method for estimating tail dependence indicators using BB1 and BB7 dependence structures is proposed. For a dataset containing the cost indicators of leading Russian companies, computer experiments were carried out, as a result of which it was shown that the proposed method has a higher stability and accuracy in comparison with other considered methods. Practical application of the proposed risk management method would allow financial companies to assess investment risks adequately in the face of extreme events.
Causas culturales de la mortalidad infantil
Authors: Gutiérrez de Pineda Virginia
Published: December 2020

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Reseña de libros y revistas
Authors: Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo , Bernal Villa Segundo , De Pineda Virginia , Reyes Parga Rafael
Published: December 2020

Reseñas de las siguientes obras:

Orfebrería Prehispánica de Colombia. Estilo Calima. JOSE PEREZ DE BARRADAS. 2 vols., XX láms. en color, 300 en huecograbado, 201 figs., 1 mapa. Talleres Gráficos "Ediciones Jura", Madrid, 1954.

Potsherds. An Introduction to the Study of Prehistoric Southwestern Ceramics and Their Use in Historic Reconstruction. HAROLD S. COULTON. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin N° 25. Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art, Flagstaff, 1953. 86 págs., 3 tablas, 18 figs.

The Monagrillo Culture of Panamá. GORDON R. WILLEY & CHARLES R. MCGIMSEY. Con un apéndice sobre conchas marinas arqueológicas. Papers of the Peabody Musseum Of Archaelogy and Ethnology, Harvard University; Vol. XLIX, N° 2. Cambridge, 1954. xiii. 158 pp., 54 figs.

GIRARD, RAFAEL. El Popol-Vuh, Fuente histórica. Tomo I. Editorial del Ministerio de Educación Pública. Guatemala. 1952, 464 págs. y 104 grabados.

En prensa: Peasant Society of the Colombian Andes: A Sociological Study of Saucio.

Odyssey of Sisteenth-Century Document: FRAY PEDRO DE AGUADO. Recopilación Historial 203-220.

FRAY PEDRO DE AGUADO, The Forgotten Chronicler of Colombia and Venezuela 539-74, The Americas, vol. XI, Number 4, Washington, 1955.

Llanto Sagrado de la América Meridional. P. FRANCISCO ROMERO. Milano, 1693; imprenta de Marcos Antonio Pandulfo Malatesta; 4°; col.; título; 2 pp. dedicatoria; 2 pp. índice; 50 pp. texto. (Un grabado en madera iluminado, de 33.5 x 22 cms. "Idolatría de los Indios de Nación Aruacos".

Colombia. Monumentos Históricos y Arqueológicos por LUIS DUQUE GOMEZ. Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia. Comisión de Historia, 72. México, D.F., 1955.

Folklore Americano. Organo del Comité Interamericano de Folklore. Año II N° 2. 204 pág. Octubre de 1954. Lima.

Cultura e Folclore, por OSWALDO RODRIGUEZ CABRAL. Imprensa Nal. do Estado, Florianópolis. Santa Catharina, 1954.
Visión Socio-Geográfica de Colombia. (Algunos aspectos)
Authors: Guhl Ernesto
Published: December 2020

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Aspectos de la Cultura Tukana: Cosmogonía
Authors: Fulop Marcos
Published: December 2020

Por comisión de la Dirección del Instituto Colombiano de Antropología iniciamos estudios etnográficos entre los indígenas de la Comisaría Especial del Vaupés. Hemos considerado conveniente comenzar el estudio antropológico de las culturas de esa región con el grupo Tukano.

El material que a continuación se publica fue recogido durante nuestra estadía en el cacerío de Guadalajara, sobre el río Paca, desde el 13 de junio hasta el 9 de julio de 1953. Nuestro informante fue Marcos Sierra, y Manuel Sierra, hermano del anterior, sirvió de intérprete. Debido al corto tiempo de la investigación y al haber consultado un solo informante no nos permitimos asegurar la exactitud de la versión dada por Marcos Sierra de la cosmogonía Tukana. Esta cosmogonía es repetida a modo de culto a los antecesores en las fiestas de Dabukurí y Yuruparí.
Reseña de libros y revistas
Authors: Flórez Luis , Caudmont Jean , Bernal Villa Segundo , Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo
Published: December 2020

Reseñas de las siguientes obras:

ORTIZ, SERGIO ELIAS, Estudios sobre lingüística aborigen de Colombia. (Biblioteca de Autores Colombianos, 75). Bogotá, Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Ediciones de la Revista Bolívar, 1954. 508 páginas.

ROLDAN, P. ALEJANDRO (S. J.): Evolución. El problema de la evolución y la antropogénesis, Barcelona, Ed. Atlántida, 1950, 240 págs., 12 láms. in-8°.

OSTOYA, PAUL: théories de l'évolution. Origines et histoire du transformisme et des idées qui s'y rattachent, Préface de R. Heim, París, Payot, 1951, 319 págs., in-8°.

H. ALIMEN. Atlas de Préhistoire. Vol. I. Editions N. Boubée et Cie, París, 1950.

JEAN PERRIOT. La Linguistique. Presses Universitaires de France, París, 1953. p. 136.

ROBERT A. HALL, JR. Haitian Creole: Grammar. Texts. Vocabulary, with the collaboration of Suzanne Combaire-Sylvain, H. Ormonde McConnell and Alfred Métraux.

The American Anthropological Association, April-June, 1953. p. 309.

ARANGO BUENO, TERESA. Precolombia. Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, S. A. Madrid. 1953.

ECUADOR ANDEAN MOSAIC. Editado por Rolf Blomberg. Estocolmo. 1952, pp. 320, con 212 fotografías, un mapa y una bibliografía seleccionada de libros acerca del Ecuador publicados en inglés.

FRIDE, JUAN. Los Andaki. 1538-1947. Historia de la Aculturación de una Tribu Selvática. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México. 1953. 304 págs., mapas, índice de materias y literatura consultada.

Estudios de Etnología Antigua Venezolana. MIGUEL ACOSTA SAIGNES. Prólogo de Fernando Ortiz. Publicaciones de la Facultad de Humanidades y Educación; Instituto de Antropología y Geografía, Universidad Central de Venezuela; Serie Antropología, vol. I, 308 p. ilustra., mapas. Caracas, 1954.

El Cocodrilo: Estudio inicial sobre las representaciones zoomorfas precolombinas en el arte indígena de Colombia. FEDERICO MEDEM. Publicación del Banco de la República, 96 págs. sin numerar; 26 figs., 1 mapa. Imprenta del Banco de la República. Bogotá, 1953.

Excavations at Wari, Ayacucho, Perú. WENDELL C. BENNETT. On the Excavation of a Shell Mound at Palo Seco. Trinidad, B. W. I. J. A. BULLBROOK. Yale University Publications in Anthropology; Números 49 y 50. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1953.

Handbook of Latin American Studies: 1950. N° 16. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 1953.
Arqueología de las riberas del río Magdalena Espinal - Tolima
Authors: Cubillos Ch. Julio César , Bedoya Víctor A.
Published: December 2020

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Contribución a la lingüística de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Holmer Nils M.
Published: December 2020

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Contribuciones a la taxonomía y distribución del Yacaré Negro, Palaeosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier) en Colombia
Authors: Medem Federico
Published: December 2020

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Assessment of Applicability of Satellite-Derived Ocean Color Data for Studying Variability of Total Suspended Matter in the Surface Layer of the Deep Part of the Black Sea
Authors: Kukushkin A. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Suslin V. V.
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Studies of spatial-temporal variability of total suspended matter are necessary for understanding the biochemical processes which form and support stable functioning of a marine ecosystem. The aim of the work is to assess applicability of satellite data for studying total suspended matter variability in the surface layer of the deep part of the Black Sea. Methods and Results. Application of the regression analysis yielded the linear regression equations that unite the in situ measurements of the total suspended matter concentrations in the surface layer in the northeastern (June, 2005–2015) and western (November, 2016, 2017 and December, 2017) deep sea areas, and the regional satellite products (the particulate backscattering coefficient, the absorption coefficient of colored detrital matter and the chlorophyll a concentration). Based on the measured and calculated data arrays, the maps of the total suspended matter concentrations in the surface layer of the northeastern Black Sea were constructed. The interannual changes in the in situ measured concentrations of the total suspended and lithogenic matters, as well as in the quasi-synchronous satellite regional products (the light absorption coefficient of colored detrital matter at 490 nm and the particulate backscattering coefficient at 555 nm) in June, 2005–2015 were considered. High total suspended matter concentrations were noted in 2012, just when extreme growth of the coccolithophorid population was observed in the Black Sea. The correlation coefficients were used to evaluate whether the relation between the total suspended matter concentration and the individual analyzed parameters was fast. Conclusions. Spatial distributions of the measured and calculated total suspended matter contents showed satisfactory agreement. In course of the whole observation period, difference between the values of the measured and calculated total suspended matter concentrations was on average 6–23 %. Possibility of application of the satellite-derived ocean color data for studying spatial-temporal variability of the total suspended matter content is shown.