bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-patch epidemic models with partial mobility, residency, and demography
Authors: Akuno Albert Orwa , Ramirez-Ramirez L. Leticia , Mehta Chahak , Krishnanuni C. G , Bui-Thanh Tan , Montoya Jose Arturo
Published: August 2022

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases has been a global cause of concern in the past few decades. Previous research in the field has revealed that human connectivity and mobility behaviour play a major role in the spreading of an infectious disease. In this work, we propose multi-patch models that take into account the effects of human mobility on the evolution of disease dynamics in a multi-population environment. In particular, we develop SEIRS multi-patch and multi-group epidemic models, extending the work of [1] and [2] to practically account for distinct epidemiological-status-dependent mobilities in each patch. We rigorously show that the disease free equilibria (DFE) for both models are stable when R0 ≤ 1. We also prove that the models have a unique endemic asymptotically stable equilibrium when R0 > 1. We also introduce new local reproduction numbers from the point of view of the sub populations, and establish some important relation between them and the global reproduction number. Various numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of mobility and the residence time matrix on the evolution of the disease in individual patches and the overall environment.
Libyan Medical Students’ Knowledge, Attitude and Barrier Towards Clinical Research
Authors: Atia Ahmad , Al-Abbasi Fatima , Benneama Maram , Ammoush Aya , Al-Ghrabi Amani
Published: August 2022

Background and aims.Undergraduate involvement in research necessitates a better understanding of their potential as well as the anticipated barriers they will face. The objective of this study was to assess medical undergraduates' knowledge, attitudes, and research barriers. Methods. A cross sectional study included medical students from the University of Tripoli, Libya, where a self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the students' knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers. Filled questionnaires were received from the medical undergraduates of different faculties of medical specialties. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. A total of completed questionnaires were received from 120 undergraduate medical students. The overall result of knowledge among them was encouragingly good (51%). Majority of students taught that the main barriers in conducting research were lack of awareness (71.7%), lack of self-interest (56.7%), lack of faculty encouragement for research (84.2%), insufficient time (59.2%), and the difficulty in obtaining resources and data for research (68.3%). Conclusion. Participants in the current study showed a moderate knowledge level with associated positive attitudes towards research. This attitude needs to be transformed into better knowledge and appropriate practice
Ground-state phase diagram of quantum link electrodynamics in $(2+1)$-d
Authors: Hashizume Tomohiro , Halimeh Jad , Hauke Philipp , Banerjee Debasish
Published: August 2022

The exploration of phase diagrams of strongly interacting gauge
theories coupled to matter in lower dimensions promises the
identification of exotic phases and possible new universality classes,
and it facilitates a better understanding of salient phenomena in
Nature, such as confinement or high-temperature superconductivity. The
emerging new techniques of quantum synthetic matter experiments as well
as efficient classical computational methods with matrix product states
have been extremely successful in one spatial dimension, and are now
motivating such studies in two spatial dimensions. In this work, we
consider a \mathrm{U}(1)U(1)
quantum link lattice gauge theory where the gauge fields, represented by
spin-\frac{1}{2}12
operators are coupled to a single flavor of staggered fermions. Using
matrix product states on infinite cylinders with increasing diameter, we
conjecture its phase diagram in (2+1)(2+1)-d. This
model allows us to smoothly tune between the
\mathrm{U}(1)U(1)
quantum link and the quantum dimer models by adjusting the strength of
the fermion mass term, enabling us to connect to the well-studied phases
of those models. Our study reveals a rich phase diagram with exotic
phases and interesting phase transitions to a potential liquid-like
phase. It thus furthers the collection of gauge theory models that may
guide future quantum-simulation experiments.
The Application of C4.5 Algorithm for Selecting Scholarship Recipients
Authors: Riandari Fristi , Defit Sarjon
Published: August 2022

The scholarship program is one of the promotional techniques used by many universities, and the right scholarship award will certainly be an attraction for many people. STMIK Pelita Nusantara is one of the universities that organizes a scholarship program. In the current difficult economic conditions, the scholarship program is the target of many prospective students who want to continue their education in higher education. However, the absence of tools to process large amounts of data make determining scholarship recipients less effective and time-consuming. This situation is seen by the fact that some students are still unable to maintain the scholarships they receive. In the research, a classification model was proposed using the C4.5 algorithm approach by utilizing past data to facilitate the decision making of the scholarship program. This classification process produced a decision tree that could be used as a decision-making tool. Scholarships were awarded based on several criteria: academic potential, vocational potential, parents’ income, number of dependents, and employment status. Based on the data processing results of students who apply for scholarships in 2020 with predetermined criteria, the highest root is obtained. It consists of node 1 for academic potential, node 1.1 for vocational potential, and node 1.2 for parental income. The resulting decision tree model is expected to help to make decisions quickly and on target.
Water and sanitation service levels in urban informal settlements: a case study of Portee-Rokupa in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Tumwebaze Innocent Kamara , Hrdličková Zuzana , Labor Amadu , Turay Abdulai , Macarthy Joseph M. , Chmutina Ksenia , Scott Rebecca , Kayaga Sam , Koroma Braima , Howard Guy
Published: August 2022

Evidence-based data are fundamental in enhancing the delivery of sustainable and resilient water and sanitation services in informal settlements of urban cities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the water and sanitation service situation of an urban informal settlement of Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city. Data were collected from 385 households through a cross-sectional design. More than 80% of the respondents use sachet water as the main drinking source and 59% use protected wells for non-drinking needs. One-third (32%) of the respondents use unimproved sanitation services. Lined pit latrines are the most used facilities (39%), followed by hanging toilets (14.3%). Sanitation facilities mostly shared (69.6%) with a poor hygiene level and the risk of using them at night are reported as main threats. These findings point to the need for greater priority for investments and improvements for safely managed water and sanitation services.
Research needs for optimising wastewater-based epidemiology monitoring for public health protection
Authors: Robins Katie , Leonard Anne F. C. , Farkas Kata , Graham David W. , Jones David L. , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara , Bunce Joshua T. , Grimsley Jasmine M. S. , Wade Matthew J. , Zealand Andrew M. , McIntyre-Nolan Shannon
Published: August 2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an unobtrusive method used to observe patterns in illicit drug use, poliovirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic and need for surveillance measures have led to the rapid acceleration of WBE research and development globally. With the infrastructure available to monitor SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater in 58 countries globally, there is potential to expand targets and applications for public health protection, such as other viral pathogens, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pharmaceutical consumption, or exposure to chemical pollutants. Some applications have been explored in academic research but are not used to inform public health decision-making. We reflect on the current knowledge of WBE for these applications and identify barriers and opportunities for expanding beyond SARS-CoV-2. This paper critically reviews the applications of WBE for public health and identifies the important research gaps for WBE to be a useful tool in public health. It considers possible uses for pathogenic viruses, AMR, and chemicals. It summarises the current evidence on the following: (1) the presence of markers in stool and urine; (2) environmental factors influencing persistence of markers in wastewater; (3) methods for sample collection and storage; (4) prospective methods for detection and quantification; (5) reducing uncertainties; and (6) further considerations for public health use.
Study on the evaluation model of collaborative governance capacity of sustainable supply chain in water diversion projects
Authors: Lu Yali , Ding Wenwen , Liu Meng
Published: August 2022

In order to objectively evaluate the operation effect of the Sustainable Supply Chain (SSC) collaborative governance of Water Diversion Projects (WDPs), this paper, from the perspectives of SSC and collaborative governance, and according to the existing modes of SSC collaborative governance of WDPs, constructs the collaborative management mechanism of related subjects of WDPs, and then constructs the evaluation model of the collaborative governance capacity of WDPs by using the DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)-ANP (Analytic Network Process) method. Specifically, in this paper, the indexes at various levels are selected through literature mining and text analysis, and the mutual influence degrees among index are determined with the help of DEMATEL, so that the causality diagram can be drawn. On this basis, we obtain the global weight and the mixed weight of each index by using the ANP method and SD (Super Decisions) software, thus determining the relative importance of each index. The study finds that with regard to the SSC collaborative governance capability of WDPs, the highest requirement is made on Information Collaboration Capability (ICC) which also provides the foundational guarantee. The proportion carried by Subject Participation and Collaboration Capability (SPCC) is the lowest, however, its mixed weight is 1.9077, second only to ICC. Both Water Quantity Collaboration Capability (WQCC) and Water Quality Assurance Coordination Capacity (WQACC) account for a high percentage, which is consistent with the actual situation. The study provides a capability evaluation index system for the SSC collaborative governance of WDPs, enriches the theory of SSC collaborative governance of WDPs, and provides decision-making support for the operation and management of WDPs.
Oncostatin M: Risks and Benefits of a Novel Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Venhorst Jennifer , Rankouhi Tanja Rouhani , Keulen Daniëlle van , Tempel Dennie
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is predicted that approximately 23.6 million people will die from CVDs annually by 2030. Therefore, there is a great need for an effective therapeutic approach to combat this disease. The European Cardiovascular Target Discovery (CarTarDis) consortium identified Oncostatin M (OSM) as a po-tential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. The benefits of modulating OSM - an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine - have since been studied for multiple indications. However, as decades of high at-trition rates have stressed, the success of a drug target is determined by the fine balance between benefits and the risk of adverse events. Safety issues should therefore not be overlooked.

Objective:

In this review, a risk/benefit analysis is performed on OSM inhibition in the context of atherosclerosis treatment. First, OSM signaling characteristics and its role in atherosclerosis are de-scribed. Next, an overview of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings relating to both the benefits and risks of modulating OSM in major organ systems is provided. Based on OSM’s biological function and expression profile as well as drug intervention studies, safety concerns of inhibiting this target have been identified, assessed, and ranked for the target population.

Conclusion:

While OSM may be of therapeutic value in atherosclerosis, drug development should also focus on de-risking the herein identified major safety concerns: tissue remodeling, angiogene-sis, bleeding, anemia, and NMDA- and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Close monitoring and/or exclusion of patients with various comorbidities may be required for optimal therapeutic benefit.
Anti-cancerous Properties of the Synthesized Substituted Chromene Compounds and their Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Abdelwahab Ashraf Hassan Fekry , Fekry Salma Ashraf Hassan
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

2-Amino-7-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (4) was synthesized through a three-component reaction in ethanol/piperidine solution.

Methods:

Synthesis of several new 4H-chromenes (5-14) has been achieved involving various reactions. The structure of these new compounds was confirmed using IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, as well as MS spectroscopy.

Results and Conclusion:

All newly substituted chromene derivatives displayed potential analgesic and anticonvulsant activities. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that 2-amino-4-phenyl-3-(1Htetrazol- 5-yl)-4H-chromen-7-ol (13) was more beneficial than 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro- 4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (11), 8-hydroxy-2,5-diphenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 4-one (12), and 8-hydroxy-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (14) in terms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Understanding the Predictive Potential of the Oral Microbiome in the
Development and Progression of Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Duque Cristiane , Chrisostomo Daniela Alvim , Souza Amanda Caselato Andolfatto , de Almeida Braga Gabriela Pacheco , dos Santos Vanessa Rodrigues , Caiaffa Karina Sampaio , Pereira Jesse Augusto , de Oliveira Warlley Campos , de Aguiar Ribeiro Apoena , Parisotto Thaís Manzano
Published: August 2022

Background:

Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and from there to plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
Delirium in Head Trauma: Looking for a Culprit
Authors: Villani Emanuele Rocco , Franza Laura , Cianci Rossella
Published: August 2022

Head trauma and delirium are two common conditions in the elderly population. They both carry a heavy burden in terms of mortality and morbidity and are associated with one another through several environmental and clinical factors, such as comorbidities, age, and sex. One factor that may play a role in both these conditions is inflammation, which might also represent a link between these two conditions.. In particular, head trauma can cause both systemic and neuroinflammation, while delirium appears to be precipitated by inflammatory conditions, while also involving a number of inflammatory pathways in its pathogenesis. Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α are only two of the main actors in this crosstalk, which also involves microglia and immune cells. An indirect proof is that anti-inflammatory drugs, have proven effective in reducing posttraumatic delirium, thus demonstrating the importance of inflammation in the pathophysiology of this disease. In this paper, we have revised the available literature exploring the links between inflammation, head trauma and delirium and we will discuss the mechanisms of this relationship, paying particular attention to the possible future implications.
Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) Patients after
Surgery
Authors: Di Candido Francesca
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing and disabling diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. This relapsing course is often unpredictable with severe flares and the need for intensive medical treatment, hospitalization, or emergent/urgent surgery, all of which significantly impact patients’ quality of life (QoL). QoL in IBD patients is significantly lower than in the general population, and depression and anxiety have been shown to have a high-er prevalence than in healthy individuals, especially during disease flares. Complications requir-ing hospitalization and repeated surgeries are not uncommon during the disease course and signif-icantly affect QoL in IBD patients. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to measure the impact of chronic disease on QoL from the patient’s perspective. The use of PROMs in IBD patients undergoing surgery could help to investigate the impact of the surgical procedure on QoL and determine whether there is any improvement or worsening. This review summarizes the use of PROMs to assess QoL after various surgical procedures required for IBD treatment.
Luminescent Cyclodextrin Systems and Their Applications
Authors: Ashwin Bosco Christin Maria Arputham , Sethuraman Venkatesan , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu
Published: August 2022

This chapter explains the most recent development on different luminophore

tethered cyclodextrin (CD), a cyclic polysaccharide and these applications in distinct

areas. The host-guest inclusion complexation studies of CD with different guest

molecules using fluorescence techniques are discussed. The hybrid materials of CD in

the detection of biological analytes, toxic compounds and in-vivo bio-imaging

applications are discussed. The compatibility nature of CD leads to its usage in drug

delivery and the controlled drug dosage using CDs is explained. The interesting usage

of CDs in counterfeit recognition and tunable emission are emphasised. The dimers and

self-assemblies of CDs utilized for the enhancement of photophysical properties are

discussed in detail. The CD hybrid materials exhibited numerous usage in essential

needs.
Calixarene Based Luminescent Systems
Authors: Ashwin Bosco Christin Maria Arputham , Sethuraman Venkatesan , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu
Published: August 2022

This chapter focuses on the recent developments in calixarenes chemistry

using luminescence aspect. This aspect comprises host guest system of luminescent

guests with calixarenes as well as luminescent organic moieties tethered calixarene

systems. The utilization of organic moieties tethered calixarene systems towards sensor

applications for anions, cations and biomolecules is explored. The calixarene systems

are used as a platform as well as convenient receptors for the luminescent sensor

systems. The ease of modification in the rims of calixarenes renders numerous

synthetic possibilities to recognise a particular target molecule and also to fabricate

solid state luminescent sensor systems. 
Resorcinarene Crowns as Versatile Host Molecules and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Devi Selvaraj , Vandarkuzhali Somasundaram Anbu Anjugam , Tharmaraj Vairaperumal
Published: August 2022

Resorcinarene crowns are significant building blocks for supramolecular

chemistry. Resorcinarenes are part of the calixarenes family and are macrocyclic,

bowl-shaped molecules. Derived from four resorcinol subunits, they have hydroxy

groups at the wide rim of the bowl. These cavities were utilized for their potential

recognition of racemic guests and catalysis applications. In this chapter, we focused on

the overview of synthesis, conformational properties of resorcinarenes crown and their

potential applications such as separation technique using high performance liquid

chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and ion chromatrography (IC). In

addition, they are also used as chemo sensors, antibacterial and antioxidant agents,

contrast agents, nanoparticles synthesis and catalytic systems. Finally, we concluded

the chapter with the significance of resorcinarenes crown.
Pillararenes: Younger Luminescent Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Suresh Palaniswamy , Asha Jeyaraj Belinda
Published: August 2022

Since the development of supramolecular chemistry, synthetic macrocycles

have also played an inevitable role in constructing the host-guest system. Among

pillar[n]arenes, in short pillarenes, a decade-old younger member in the supramolecular

family, after reported by Ogoshi et al. in 2008, has gained considerable attention. Due

to the straightforward preparation methods, tunable cavity size, and symmetrical

architecture makes it an ideal candidate in the supramolecular family. With this

perspective, this chapter discusses a brief introduction to the synthesis,

characterization, and structural features of different sizes of pillarenes. The presence of

a confined hydrophobic and π-electron-rich cavity provided by a paraxyl ether or

hydroquinone units offers a unique host-guest recognition capability towards positively

charged and neutral molecules. Notably, the presence of a cavity with an aromatic wall

provides a broad luminescent platform for various photophysical studies. This chapter

elaborates on the contribution of pillarenes in tuning the photophysical properties of the

small guest molecules and the formation of luminescent supramolecular materials.

Further, the functionalization on the outer of the pillarenes has influenced the

photophysical responses such as absorption and fluorescence, which paved a pathway

for the development of supramolecular organic light-emitting functional material and

novel sensor materials also discussed in this chapter. Finally, this chapter discusses all

the progress and applications of luminescence pillarenes and their derivatives.
Rhenium(I)-Based Metallacycles for Sensing Applications
Authors: Velayudham Murugesan , Thanasekaran Pounraj
Published: August 2022

Coordination-driven self-assembly provides unique opportunities to prepare

highly complex chemical systems from simple components and has led to significant

progress in the construction of supramolecular materials with novel topologies and

exploitable functions. During the past few decades, metallacycles have captured

widespread interests due to their wide applications in catalysis, sensor, and biological

relevant applications. Thus, exploring new metallacycles, studying their physical and

chemical properties and applications have become one of the most attractive and

exciting areas of inorganic chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. Among which,

rhenium(I)-based metallacycles, constructed from the rhenium metal ions and a variety

of aromatic ligands, have attracted considerable attention because of their unique

potentials in light-harvesting, catalysis, sensing, biomedical, etc. In this chapter, we

summarize the recent research progress in rhenium-based metallacycles with their

synthesis, properties and potential application in host-guest chemistry.
Introduction
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Battineni Gopi , Usharani Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the basic idea of what text data is, along with the definition
of natural language and techniques involved in it has been clearly explained. Besides
this, the framework of text mining and its workflow framework is explained.
Text Clustering in Python
Authors: Mittal ​Mamta , Battineni ​Gopi , Usharani Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we learn about clustering and how document and text
clustering can be performed. This chapter explains the real-time applications of text
clustering and the differences between soft and hard clustering types. The clustering
algorithms, including KNN, hierarchical and Fuzzy clustering, were used . Fuzzy
clustering or soft clustering types can add better value performance-wise than the other
two clustering algorithms. Besides, we also presented how to conduct text clustering in
python using unsupervised machine learning techniques. To explain this in detail, the
IRIS dataset is considered famous in UCI Machine learning Repository and well
presented with python script.
Deep Learning for Text Mining
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Battineni Gopi , Usharani Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

This Chapter presents about deep learning basics, deep learning
implementation in Python, and text mining concepts utilising several deep learning
models such as Feed Forward Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network, Multi-
Layer Perceptron, Recurrent Neural Network, and Long Short-Term Memory.
Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica y dermatoglifia. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Morales Cubides Harold Daniel Mauricio , Osorio Montenegro Cristian Javier , Castro Jimenez Laura Elizabeth , Sánchez Rojas Isabel Adriana , Argüello Gutiérrez Yenny Paola
Published: August 2022

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que produce debilidad muscular y deterioro de las funciones bulbares. Existen dos tipos de ELA: ELA familiar (ELAf), dividida en recesiva y dominante; y ELA esporádica (ELAe). En esta revisión sistemática se busca la relación entre la dermatoglifia y la ELA. Se realizaron búsquedas en diferentes bases de datos, aplicando criterios de inclusión y los artículos seleccionados se evaluaron con la escala de SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) y la escala de sesgos de Cochrane. Se encontró alta frecuencia de patrones palmar y trirradio accesorios en interdigital y patrones en área tenar izquierda. Utilidad de la dermatoglifia para el diagnóstico precoz de ELA. Se encontró escasa información sobre la relación de ELA y dermatoglifia, se debe investigar con tecnología moderna para la recolección de huellas dactilares.
القصور في التسبيب و أثره في صحة الحكم القضائي المدني
Authors: Abdulla Hadi Muhammad , Hassan Arez Azad
Published: August 2022

يُعدُّ عيب القصور إحدى أكثر الآفات التي تشوب عملية التسبيب أثناء قيام القاضي بِبناء الحكم القضائي، وهو يزاول وظيفته خلال مسيرتهِ القضائيّة، لأنه من النادر اليوم في الواقع العملي إصدار أحكام دون أن تشتمل على أسبابها، و لكن الذي يحدث هو إحتواء الأحكام على أسباب ألا أن تلك الأسباب تفتقر إلى المبررات التي تفضي الى النتيجة التي توصلت إليها محكمة الموضوع في حكمها، و بالتالي تعجز محاكم الطعن القيام بمهام بسط الرقابة على كيفيّة بناء القاضي لعقيدتهِ من خلال الحكم المطعون به، فمن الأولى أن يؤدي ذلك الى تجهيل ذوي الشأن بالعلة من وراء إصدار الأحكام، و قد بينت هذه الدراسة تعريف عيب القصور في التسبيب، و بيان ما يميزهُ عن غيرهِ من العيوب التي قد تتداخل معهُ في بعض الصفات، في حين تفترق عنهُ في جملة من الِخصال، وكذلك قد سُلط الضوء من خلال هذه الدراسة على آراء الفقه المقارن إزاء صور القصور في التسبيب، علاوة على ذلك، فقد بينت هذه الدراسة أثر القصور على الحكم القضائي، و النتائج المترتبة إذا ما شاب الحكم عيب القصور في التسبيب الواقعي و القانوني أيضاً، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد أظهرت هذه الدراسة موقف القوانين المقارنة (العراقي، المصري، الفرنسي) في مدى إعتبار عيب القصور في التسبيب سبباً من أسباب الطعن تمييزاً.
Migration of an Escape Room–Style Educational Game to an Online Environment: Design Thinking Methodology
Authors: Videnovik Maja , Vold Tone , Dimova Georgina , Kiønig Linda Vibeke , Trajkovik Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has led to a sudden change in education, closing schools and shifting to online teaching, which has become an enormous challenge for teachers and students. Implementing adequate online pedagogical approaches and integrating different digital tools in the teaching process have become a priority in educational systems. Finding a way to keep students' interest and persistence in learning is an important issue that online education is facing. One possible way to establish engaging and interactive learning environments, using the energy and enthusiasm of students for educational purposes, is the use of game-based learning activities and gamification of different parts of the educational process.

Objective

This paper presents a use case of migrating an escape room–style educational game to an online environment by using the design thinking methodology. We wanted to show that the design thinking methodology is useful to create engaging and motivating online games that provide educational value.

Methods

Starting from students’ perspective, we created a simple digital escape room–style game where students got an opportunity to self-assess their knowledge in computer science at their own pace. Students tested this prototype game, and their opinions about the game were collected through an online survey. The test's goal was to evaluate the students' perceptions about the implemented digital escape room–style educational game and gather information about whether it could achieve students' engagement in learning computer science during online teaching.

Results

In total, 117 students from sixth and seventh grades completed the survey regarding the achieved student engagement. Despite the differences in students’ answers about game complexity and puzzle difficulty, most students liked the activity (mean 4.75, SD 0.67, on a scale from 1 to 5). They enjoyed the game, and they would like to participate in this kind of activity again (mean 4.74, SD 0.68). All (n=117, 100%) students found the digital escape room–style educational game interesting for playing and learning.

Conclusions

The results confirmed that digital escape room–style games could be used as an educational tool to engage students in the learning process and achieve learning outcomes. Furthermore, the design thinking methodology proved to be a useful tool in the process of adding novel educational value to the digital escape room–style game.
Noncontact Longitudinal Respiratory Rate Measurements in Healthy Adults Using Radar-Based Sleep Monitor (Somnofy): Validation Study
Authors: Toften Ståle , Kjellstadli Jonas T , Thu Ole Kristian Forstrønen , Ellingsen Ole-Johan
Published: August 2022

Background

Respiratory rate (RR) is arguably the most important vital sign to detect clinical deterioration. Change in RR can also, for example, be associated with the onset of different diseases, opioid overdoses, intense workouts, or mood. However, unlike for most other vital parameters, an easy and accurate measuring method is lacking.

Objective

This study aims to validate the radar-based sleep monitor, Somnofy, for measuring RRs and investigate whether events affecting RR can be detected from personalized baselines calculated from nightly averages.

Methods

First, RRs from Somnofy for 37 healthy adults during full nights of sleep were extensively validated against respiratory inductance plethysmography. Then, the night-to-night consistency of a proposed filtered average RR was analyzed for 6 healthy participants in a pilot study in which they used Somnofy at home for 3 months.

Results

Somnofy measured RR 84% of the time, with mean absolute error of 0.18 (SD 0.05) respirations per minute, and Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement adjusted for repeated measurements ranged from –0.99 to 0.85. The accuracy and coverage were substantially higher in deep and light sleep than in rapid eye movement sleep and wake. The results were independent of age, sex, and BMI, but dependent on supine sleeping position for some radar orientations. For nightly filtered averages, the 95% limits of agreement ranged from −0.07 to −0.04 respirations per minute. In the longitudinal part of the study, the nightly average was consistent from night to night, and all substantial deviations coincided with self-reported illnesses.

Conclusions

RRs from Somnofy were more accurate than those from any other alternative method suitable for longitudinal measurements. Moreover, the nightly averages were consistent from night to night. Thus, several factors affecting RR should be detectable as anomalies from personalized baselines, enabling a range of applications. More studies are necessary to investigate its potential in children and older adults or in a clinical setting.
Users’ Modifications to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Content Analysis of YouTube Video Comments
Authors: Li Yachao , Ashley David L , Popova Lucy
Published: August 2022

Background

User modifications can alter the toxicity and addictiveness of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs). YouTube has been a major platform where ENDS users obtain and share information about ENDS modifications. Past research has examined the content and characteristics of ENDS modification videos.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the video comments to understand the viewers’ reactions to these videos.

Methods

We identified 168 YouTube videos depicting ENDS modifications. Each video’s top 20 most liked comments were retrieved. The final sample included 2859 comments. A content analysis identified major themes of the comment content.

Results

Most comments were directed to creators and interacted with others: 952/2859 (33.30%) expressed appreciation, 135/2859 (4.72%) requested more videos, 462/2859 (16.16%) asked for clarification, and 67/2859 (2.34%) inquired about product purchases. In addition, comments mentioned viewers’ experiences of ENDS modifications (430/2859, 15.04%) and tobacco use (167/2859, 5.84%); about 198/2859 (6.93%) also indicated intentions to modify ENDSs and 34/2859 (1.19%) mentioned that they were “newbies.” Moreover, comments included modification knowledge: 346/2859 (12.10%) provided additional information, 227/2859 (7.94%) mentioned newly learned knowledge, and 162/2859 (5.67%) criticized the videos. Furthermore, few comments mentioned the dangers of ENDS modifications (136/2859, 4.76%) and tobacco use (7/2859, 0.24%). Lastly, among the 15 comments explicitly mentioning regulations, 13/2859 (0.45%) were against and 2/2859 (0.07%) were supportive of regulations.

Conclusions

The results indicated acceptance and popularity of ENDS modifications and suggested that the videos might motivate current and new users to alter their devices. Few comments mentioned the risks and regulations. Regulatory research and agencies should be aware of online ENDS modification information and understand its impacts on users.
Comparing Diabetes and General Parenting Messages through Different Delivery Methods to Support Parents of a Child with Type 1 Diabetes (Preprint)
Authors: Holtz Bree , Mitchell Katharine
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Parents of children with type 1 diabetes are often the main caregiver for their child. Generally, type 1 diabetes is diagnosed in childhood and the parents must take on a complex and stressful management regime for their child. Many parents report feeling overwhelmed by all of the information that accompanies a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, leading to feelings of stress and isolation, which can lead to worse health outcomes for the parents.

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to find ways to help parents with children with type 1 diabetes in coping with stresses related to managing and monitoring their child’s disease.

METHODS

Parents (n=120) of children with type 1 diabetes were recruited through an email listserv through local type 1 diabetes Facebook groups. We conducted a 2x2 experimental study over an 8-week period to test the messages (diabetes specific vs. general parenting) and the medium they were delivered (Facebook vs. text message).

RESULTS

The diabetes message groups improved in diabetes behaviors [F(1, 99)=3.69, p=0.05] and were more satisfied with the intervention [F(3, 98)=4.59, p=0.005). There were no other differences in message or medium groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that diabetes-specific messages are likely to be more effective in improving diabetes management skills. These findings provide guidance for more effective development of social support interventions for similar populations.
A study of clinical characteristics and risk factors of mortality associated with tigecycline (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Hanbin , Wu Shuxie , Wu Gao , Wang Xuebin , Jiang Hong
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Tigecycline has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and become more widely used. However, in 2010, the FDA warned that tigecycline was associated with an increased risk of death. The risk factors of tigecycline-associated mortality are still controversial.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore the related factors of mortality associated with tigecycline in a tertiary university hospital and to establish the risk assessment criteria for tigecycline associated mortality

METHODS

In a observational retrospective study, we enrolled 240 patients who had been treated for at least 3 days with tigecycline between January 2020 and December 2020.
We compared the clinical characteristics of patients who died after tigecycline therapy (79 in the non-survivor group) with those who survived within 28 days after tigecycline therapy (161 in the survivor group) during the same hospitalization. We used a logistic regression model to find risk factors of tigecycline associated mortality.

RESULTS

In total, 240 patients were included in the analysis, 79 patients eventually died after tigecycline treatment. The ages of the non-survivor group and survivor group were 78.3±13.9 and 68.0±11.2 years old (p = 0.022), treatment duration were 11±8.5 and 7±6.6 day (p = 0.017), and the APACHE II score were 14.8±4.0 and 9.5±2.7 (p = 0.025). The serum creatinine (SCr) was significant difference before and after treated with tigecycline only in the non-survivor group and no significant difference in the survivor group. The proportion of the kidney failure events and change in creatinine value were greater in the non-survivor group after treated with tigecycline than in the survivor group (p < 0.001).. In the multivariate analysis, age(p=0.019), ΔCre(p＜0.001) , SCr(p=0.038), APACHE II score (p=0.031) were independently associated with mortality. An age of ≥79 years, ΔCre(μmol/L)≥36, SCr≥112 and APACHE II score≥12.7 were selected as the cutoff points for predicting tigecycline associated mortality. The distribution of non-survivors at different ranges of creatinine change showed higher percentages of mortality in patients with high ΔCre after tigecycline treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identifies the risk factors for tigecycline associated mortality, and draws attention to the fact that there is an increased mortality risk in patients treated with tigecycline . The risk assessment criteria can be helpful to identify patients with high risk of tigecycline associated mortality.

CLINICALTRIAL

no trial
Perubahan Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kadar Antosianin dan Polifenol pada Beberapa Tingkat Kemasakan Buah Duwet (syzygium Cumini)
Authors: Lestario Lydia Ninan , Suparmo Suparmo , Raharjo Sri , Tranggono Tranggono
Published: August 2022

Research on antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, and polyphenol contents of Java plum (Syzygium cumini) from several stages of maturity was carried out with three aims: to prove that the fruit contain anthocyanins; to compare antioxidant activity from three stages of fruit maturity; and to examine the possible correlation between maturation and antioxidant activity, anthocyanin and polyphenol contents. The fruit pulp was separated from the seed, frozen dried, and kept in freezer. The freezer dried fruit was extracted (macerated) with methanol-HCl 1% for overnight at 4ºC, and filtered with Whatman no 1 to obtain fruit extract. Anthocyanin-betacyanin testing was used to indicate that the fruit contain anthocyanin. Antioxidant activity test was conducted with ferri-thiocyanate method in linoleic acid emulsion system. Anthocyanin contents was determined with pH differential method, while its polyphenol with spectrophotometric method with Folin-CIocalteu reagent. The result showed that the fruit contained anthocyanin, ranging from 1,68 mg/g at young stage (green) to 29,39 mg/g at overripe stage (black), and showed that antioxidant activity was influenced by fruit maturity. With regard to fruit maturoty, the antioxidant activity of purple, red, adn green fruit were 64,75%, 62,42%, and 29,86% respectively; whereas that of BHT was 79,45%. It was noted that there were significant correlation between the level of anthocyanins, poluphenols, and the degrees of maturity. As the fruit maturity increased, the anthocyanin increased, but the polyphenol decreased. The fruit contained considerable amount of anthocyanins and had antioxidant activity that was influenced by stages of maturity. It was indicated that the more mature the fruit the higher anthocyanins and the lower polyphenols concentrations.
Desain Sistem Penunjang Keputusan untuk Produksi Buah-Buahan Unggulan Nasional
Authors: Santosa Santosa , Pramudya Bambang , Djojomartono Moeljarno , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Seminar Kudang B , Susanto Slamet
Published: August 2022

The objectives of the study are : (1) to design  land  suitability database for cultivation of the national valuable fruits, (2) to design the activation information of  fruits production, including land preparation until primary postharvest handling, and (3) to design the decision support system for valuable fruits on people’s orchads to produce fresh fruits. The study was conducted in Yogyakarta Special Region, from November 1999 until March 2000.  Two kinds of data used in this study were: (a) primary data, from the direct discussion with the experts, and direct observation in the fruits production center, and (b) secondary data were collected from library studies and Agriculture Agency Offices in each regency or municipality of the Yogyakarta Special Region.  The data in the salaccias production center was established from farmers which owned orchad more than one hectare. The results of  the study were : (1) land suitability database for national valuable fruits cultivation based on relational data, (2) computerize information system, namely Salaccia (Pondoh cultivar) and Mango (Arumanis, Manalagi, Golek, and Gedong cultivar) included : land preparation, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, pest and disease control, pruning, irrigating, harvesting, cleaning of fruits, sorting of fruits, grading of fruits, ripening (specially for mango), and storage of fruits, and (3) the system has been done to determine land suitability for fruits in Yogyakarta Special Region, and the result showed that 62.39 % was suitable between output system designed and the fruits produced by the farmer, namely manggistas, pineapples, mangoes, rambutans, durians, salaccias, and lawzons.
Optimasi Isolasi Lipase Indigenous Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Permana I D. G. Mayun , Indriati Retno , Hastuti Pudji
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research is to optimize the isolation method of cocoa bean lipase. The research is held by determining the position of lipase on cocoa bean, varying extraction medium and isolation process. The result shows that the lipase of cocoa bean is   cytosolic enzyme. The defatting process do not increase the lipase activity. Polyphenols inhibit the lipase activity, so that removal of the polyphenol will increase the activity. Blocking the polyphenol with polyvinilpolypirrolidone (PVPP) will also increase the activity.The optimum consentration of PVPP is 8 %. The lipase activity will reach the highest when homogenized for 10 menit at 10,000 rpm. The best medium extraction for lipase isolation is 0.15 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing sucrose 0.6 M and CaCl  1.0 mM.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi isolasi lipase indigenous biji kakao. Optimasi diawali dengan menentukan keberadaan lipase kemudian optimasi medium ekstraksi dan proses ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lipase berada dalam sitosol. Penghilangan lemak tidak meningkatkan aktivitas lipase. Senyawa polifenol menghambat aktivitas lipase dan penghilangan polifenol dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lipase. Polyvinilpolypirrolidone (PVPP) dapat menghambat polifenol sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lipase. Konsentrasi PVPP optimum adalah 8 % dari berat biji kakao. Proses homogenisasi optimum diperoleh dalam waktu 10 menit pada kecepatan 10.000 rpm. Medium ekstraksi untuk isolasi lipase biji kakao terbaik adalah bufer fosfat 0,15 M  dan pH 7,5 yang mengandung sukrosa 0,6 M dan 1,0 mM CaCl .
Profil Aroma Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Hasil Distilasi Fraksinasi Bertingkat pada Berbagai Perlakuan Suhu
Authors: Kadir Syahraeni , Darmadji Purnama , Hidayat Chusnul , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: August 2022

Have been carried out in stages distillation liquid smoke at a temperature of  90, 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 °C,which aims to assess the decrease in the intensity of the aroma of coconut shell liquid smoke through fractionation by distillation storey.The results were obtained a total recovery of 90.52 % with the highest at a temperature range of 100-130 °C distillation ie 88.88 %. Sensory evaluation results showed that the liquid smoke fraction II at a temperature of 120 °C obtained the highest percentage of acceptance by panelists namely 65 %. The main volatile components as a liquid smoke aroma contributors are grouped into four, namely: Group alcohols, acids and esters, carbonyl group, phenol and its derivatives as well as guaiacol and its derivatives. All of the tested liquid smoke fractions containing groups of the compounds with varying intensity.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan distilasi asap cair secara bertingkat pada suhu 90; 100; 110; 120; 130 dan 140 °C, yang bertujuanmengkaji penurunan intensitas aroma asap cair tempurung kelapa melalui distilasi fraksinasi bertingkat. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh total rendemen sebesar 90,52 % dengan hasil tertinggi pada suhu distilasi berkisar 100-130 °C yakni88,88 %. Hasil pengujian sensoris menunjukkan bahwa asap cair fraksi ll yang didistilasi pada suhu 120 °C memperoleh persentase penerimaan tertinggi oleh panelis yakni 65%. Komponen volatil utama sebagai kontributor aroma asap cair dikelompokkan ke dalam empat golongan yaitu: (1) Kelompok alkohol, asam dan ester, (2) Kelompok karbonil, (3) Fenol dan turunannya serta (4) Guaiakol dan turunannya. Seluruh fraksi asap cair yang diujikan mengandung kelompok senyawa tersebut dengan intensitas yang bervariasi.