bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Productivity and Carbon Exchange of an Intensively Managed Pasture in Central Kentucky
Authors: Familusi Ife , Gebremedhin Maheteme , Ries Ian , Brown Jacob , Gyawali Buddhi
Published: March 2024

Intensive pasture management that aims at providing season-long forage while minimizing soil degradation is increasingly becoming an important grazing strategy in Kentucky. Typically, it involves the use of high-yielding warm and cool season forage species that are well suited to local soil and climate conditions, meeting the dual-purpose provision of high nutritional value while remaining resilient to grazing pressure and changing climate. Monitoring carbon exchange is a crucial component for effective pasture management to promote sustainable pastureland management practices. We hypothesized that pasturelands, when intensively managed, would exhibit a small but important CO2 cumulative uptake year-round. We used the Eddy covariance method to measure the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and productivity of an intensively managed pastureland at Kentucky State University Research and Demonstration station from 2015 to 2020. The study has two objectives: to quantify interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange, and examine the controlling environmental factors, in particular temperature, sunlight, and precipitation of NEE. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations followed typical patterns of carbon uptake and release. Overall, the pasture site consistently was carbon sink except for 2016, in part due to a warmer winter season than usual, sequestering 1394 gCm−2 over the study period. Precipitation and temperature were critical environmental factors underpinning seasonal CO2 uptake and release. Of critical importance was the net carbon uptake during the non-growing season.
Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models
Authors: Shcholok Tetiana , Eftekharpour Eftekhar
Published: March 2024

Redox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs at the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are reduced by a supply of thiol antioxidant molecules including glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin. While these molecules show complex compensatory roles in experimental conditions, transgenic animal models provide a comprehensive picture to pinpoint the role of each antioxidant. In this review, we have specifically focused on the available literature on thioredoxin-1 system transgenic models that include thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase proteins. As the identification of thioredoxin protein targets is technically challenging, the true contribution of this system in maintaining cellular balance remains unidentified, including the role of this system in the brain.
Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders: Emerging Insights and Future Frontiers
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Brighina Filippo
Published: March 2024

In recent years, our knowledge rapidly increased with respect to the immunology and immunological aspects of neuromuscular disorders [...].
Effects of Adolescent Empathy on Emotional Resilience: The Mediating Role of Depression and Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Effect of Social Activities
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Quanqi , Yu Xian , Hu Li
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aims to investigate the role of empathy in fostering emotional resilience and the impact of social activity on adolescents’ mental health. Methods: A survey was conducted on 1666 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 across seven cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Results: Empathy is significantly positively related to emotional resilience (β = 0.128; p < 0.001). Moreover, depression acts as a mediator between empathy and emotional resilience (ab = 0.106, SE = 0.021, 95% confidence interval [0.065, 0.146]), while self-efficacy plays an incomplete mediating role (ab = 0.286, SE = 0.020, and a 95% confidence interval of [0.246, 0.326]). Additionally, social activity was able to modulate the relationship between empathy and depression (β = 0.004; p < 0.001), as well as the relationship between empathy and self-efficacy (β = 0.003; p < 0.001). Conclusion: For adolescents, (1) greater emotional resilience is associated with higher levels of empathy; (2) improving empathy can indirectly enhance their emotional resilience by reducing their depression level; (3) the relationship between empathy ability and depression is modulated by social activity, and the predictive effect of empathy on depression is reduced when adolescents have high social activity levels; and (4) the relationship between empathy and self-efficacy is also modulated by social activity, and the predictive effect of empathy on self-efficacy is enhanced when adolescents have higher levels of social activity.
Predicting the Displacement Variation of Rehabilitated Foundation of Onshore Wind Turbines Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Liu Zhonghua , Gao Xiangrong , Song Zhixin , Chen Chaowei , Wei Huanwei
Published: March 2024

The rehabilitation of wind turbine foundations after damage is increasingly common. However, limited research exists on the deformation of wind turbine foundations after rehabilitation. Artificial intelligence methods can be used to analyze future deformation state and predict post-rehabilitation deformation of foundations. This paper focuses on analyzing the stability of damaged wind turbine foundations after rehabilitation, as well as establishing and evaluating machine learning models. Specifically, Decision Tree (DT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) models are utilized to predict the vertical displacement of the rehabilitated foundation. Hence, the stability of the rehabilitated foundation is discussed in correlation with the measured wind speed, based on the foundation vertical displacement data. During the development of the machine learning model, the most suitable combination of hyperparameters is determined. The prediction performance of the SVR and LSTM models, which exhibit good performance, is compared to further evaluate their effectiveness. Furthermore, the models are analyzed and validated. The results indicate that the vertical displacements of the rehabilitated foundations gradually get close to a state of steady fluctuation over time. The SVR model is identified as the most effective in predicting the vertical displacements of wind turbine foundations after rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze and predict the vertical displacement of wind turbine foundations after rehabilitation based on extensive field monitoring data and powerful machine learning models.
Experimental Study of Wind Pressures on Low-Rise H-Shaped Buildings
Authors: Andrioli Medinilha-Carvalho Talita , Marques da Silva Fernando Vítor , Bre Facundo , Gimenez Juan M. , Chebel Labaki Lucila
Published: March 2024

Recognizing the urgent need for mitigating global warming, natural ventilation presents a potential strategy to reduce cooling energy demands, enhance thermal comfort, and contribute to indoor air quality. H-shaped buildings are prevalent worldwide, and they constitute the majority of the social housing construction in Brazil. Research suggests that the inadequate design of these buildings can result in poor ventilation; however, investigations about their natural ventilation performance are limited. Thus, the present contribution aims to determine the impact of the geometric characteristics of H-shaped buildings on the pressure distribution through wind tunnel experiments. Three models were tested in the wind tunnel experiments, representing different proportions. Their scales were configured to comply with the 5% obstruction limit allowed for wind tunnel testing, which was performed for 20 wind attack angles. Moreover, a scour test was carried out to allow a better understanding of the wind flow. Python scripting was developed to automate data processing, which is openly available in this paper. The results indicate that the proportion of the model influences the pressure distribution on roofs and leeward walls. Additionally, the depth of the recessed cavity affects its side surfaces and can result in a mirrored behavior on the frontal face of deep cavities (i.e., the wind direction is 45°). The model height influences the windward surfaces in its lower portion, since taller models present a recirculation vortex that modifies the pressure near the ground.
Geotechnical Properties of Washed Mineral Waste from Grit Chambers and Its Potential Use as Soil Backfill and Road Embankment Materials
Authors: Kostrzewa Jacek , Popielski Paweł , Dąbska Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

The current practice of managing washed mineral waste from grit chambers under national legislation focuses primarily on its disposal, generating high costs for wastewater treatment plants. Other ways are being sought to enable its use, especially as a by-product in the construction industry. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the geotechnical, physical and mechanical parameters of washed mineral waste from grit chambers. Research samples were taken from the largest, in terms of maximum daily capacity, wastewater treatment plant “Czajka” in Poland. The washed mineral waste was characterized by organic matter content (0.36% by Tyurin’s method or 1.04% by the loss on ignition method), fraction content (sand fraction was at least 90%; it corresponds in grain size to uniform-grained medium sand), specific density of solids (2.55 g/cm3), dry density, void ratio and porosity corresponding to the state of the loosest and densest possible composition of soil grains and particles (1.54 g/cm3, 0.656, 0.396 and 1.87 g/cm3, 0.364, 0.267, respectively), sand equivalent (93), passive capillarity (0.20 m), maximum dry density (1.78 g/cm3), optimal moisture content (11.23%), degree of saturation after compaction (0.66) and permeability coefficient (6.22·10−3cm/s). The mechanical parameters determined included internal friction angle (35.5°) and apparent cohesion (14.27 kPa). The possibility of using washed mineral waste as soil for the backfill of installation trenches, abutments and retaining structures, as well as road embankment material, was evaluated considering current standards and legislation. It was found that the values of the determined parameters of washed mineral waste coincide with the values of the geotechnical parameters of sand, and there is a possibility of using this waste as a material in the indicated applications after fulfilling the appropriate conditions.
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Select Primary Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Comprehensive Nationwide Outcome Analysis
Authors: Azawi Nessn , Geertsen Louise , Nadler Naomi , Mosholt Karina Sif Soendergaard , Axelsen Sofie Staal , Christensen Jane , Jensen Niels Viggo , Fristrup Niels , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Donskov Frede , Lund Lars
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is controversial in patients with primary metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). (2) Methods: We evaluated the impact of CN, or no CN, followed by first-line targeted therapy (TT) in a nationwide unselected cohort of 437 consecutive patients with primary mRCC over a two-year period with a minimum of five years of follow-up. Data sources were national registries supplemented with manually extracted information from individual patient medical records. Cox proportional hazards estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of overall death and cancer-specific death after one and three years. (3) Results: 210 patients underwent CN and 227 did not. A total of 176 patients (40%) had CN followed by TT, 160 (37%) had TT alone, 34 (8%) underwent CN followed by observation, and 67 (15%) received no treatment. After adjustments in Model 2, patients treated with TT alone demonstrated a worsened overall survival (OS) compared to those treated with CN + TT, HR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.19–2.04). (4) Conclusions: In this nationwide study, CN was associated with enhanced outcomes in carefully selected patients with primary mRCC. Further randomized trials are warranted.
Wound Repair and Ca2+ Signalling Interplay: The Role of Ca2+ Channels in Skin
Authors: Bonsignore Gregorio , Martinotti Simona , Ranzato Elia
Published: March 2024

The process of wound healing is intricate and tightly controlled, involving a number of different cellular and molecular processes. Numerous cellular functions, especially those related to wound healing, depend critically on calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ channels are proteins involved in signal transduction and communication inside cells that allow calcium ions to pass through cell membranes. Key Ca2+ channel types involved in wound repair are described in this review.
Beneficial Properties and Sustainable Use of a Traditional Medicinal Plant: Griffonia simplicifolia
Authors: Nazhand Amirhossein , Durazzo Alessandra , Lucarini Massimo , Guerra Fabrizia , Coêlho Angélica Gomes , Souto Eliana B. , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Santini Antonello
Published: March 2024

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been a universal source of biologically active substances with high potential for the treatment of various diseases and disorders. For centuries, traditional communities have often relied on medicinal plants to treat health problems. Therefore, accurate information is required and knowledge about traditional medicinal plants requires evaluation, and great attention should be given to the possible integration of these plants as therapeutic agents or as complements to conventional pharmacological therapies in the healthcare system. Recently, Griffonia simplicifolia (DC.) Baill., initially used as a holistic remedy, has attracted attention from many researchers and consumers because of its multiple health-promoting effects. This growing interest prompted us to give an updated review of the botanical, geographical, historical, and therapeutic potentials of Griffonia simplicifolia (DC.) Baill. in terms of its in vitro and in vivo health effects, nutritional uses, and possible applications in line with biodiversity and sustainability concepts. This paper also presents a quantitative research analysis of the published studies related to this plant that are available in the literature. To retrieve the publications related to this plant, a bibliographic search was carried out using the Scopus database. The bibliometric data were extracted and processed using VOSviewer software (v.1.6.16, 2020). Technological possible applications in terms of patents request presented was also performed. A total of 1386 publications, from the year 1970 to the year 2021, were obtained by the literature search, and these had been collectively cited 38,805 times. The large amount of literature data available documents the interest in this plant’s use as a tool for integrating traditional holistic healing approach, e.g., using plants, herbs, and holistic remedies, into the healthcare system as supporting tools and/or therapeutic agents, which is a current worldwide challenge.
Preservative Effects of Flaxseed Gum-Sodium Alginate Active Coatings Containing Carvacrol on Quality of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) during Cold Storage
Authors: Yang Xinrui , Fang Shiyuan , Xie Yao , Mei Jun , Xie Jing
Published: March 2024

In this article, the effect of active coatings of flaxseed gum (FG) and sodium alginate (SA) containing carvacrol (CA) on the quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) after storage at 4 °C for 18 days was evaluated. The experimental results showed that FG/SA-CA could effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms. At the same time, FG/SA-CA reduced the value of odorous-related compounds including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and K values. The FG/SA-CA significantly delayed the oxidation of myofibrillar protein (MP) through controlling the development of carbonyl groups and maintaining a high content of sulfhydryl groups. Thus, FG/SA-CA inhibits the growth of spoilage microorganisms, maintains the structure of the protein, and extends the refrigerated shelf life of turbot.
Low-Temperature Manufacture of Cubic-Phase Li7La3Zr2O12 Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Batteries by Bed Powder
Authors: Park Taehong , Lee Sunho , Kim Dong-Min
Published: March 2024

As the demand for battery technology with enhanced safety and high energy density increases, solid-state batteries are currently attracting attention as a solution to problems such as fire and explosion risks associated with lithium-ion batteries. In this study, experiments were conducted to synthesize and optimize Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), a solid electrolyte that is a key component of lithium-ion batteries with stability and high energy density. Experimental results showed that sintering at a low temperature of 800 °C for 8 h was the optimal synthesis and sintering time. Additionally, the excess lithium-containing bed powder enabled the production of pure cubic-phase LLZO. Through a sintering process that creates a lithium atmosphere on the bottom surface and facilitates lithium replenishment, an additional tunnel was introduced between the specimen and the alumina powder, allowing the bottom surface of the specimen to be exposed to the lithium atmosphere. By manufacturing a uniform cubic electrolyte, the path to manufacturing all-solid-state batteries was opened. These findings provide a new approach to forming cubic-phase LLZO with much higher ionic conductivity than the tetragonal phase at low sintering temperatures.
Chylous Ascites Associated with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer That Improved with Appropriate Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Imai Hiroo , Saijo Ken , Takenaga Noriko , Komine Keigo , Ouchi Kota , Kasahara Yuki , Ishikawa Shiori , Sasaki Keiju , Yoshida Yuya , Shirota Hidekazu , Takahashi Masanobu , Ishioka Chikashi
Published: March 2024

Chylous ascites is a rare form of ascites with high triglyceride content arising from the thoracoabdominal lymph nodes in the peritoneal cavity due to various benign or malignant etiologies, including pancreatic cancer. During cancer chemotherapy, the accumulation of ascites can lead to the deterioration of the patient’s general condition, making chemotherapy administration difficult, and resulting in a poor prognosis. We encountered a rare case of chylous ascites complicated by advanced pancreatic cancer. The patient presented with a discrepancy between the shrinkage of the pancreatic cancer and the accumulation of ascites. Therefore, we were able to promptly diagnose chylous ascites by performing biochemical tests. The patient was treated with octreotide, reportedly effective in treating chylous ascites, which rapidly improved the chylous ascites and general condition of the patient, allowing the patient to continue chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of chylous ascites when clinically unexplained ascites are observed in patients with advanced cancer. The investigation and treatment of chylous ascites should be initiated as soon as possible.
Assessment of the Diagnostic Performance of Fully Automated Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Antibody Tests
Authors: Eichhorn Anna , Neumann Franziska , Bäumler Carina , Gutsmann Imke , Grobe Olaf , Schlüter Frieda , Müller Sina , Krumbholz Andi
Published: March 2024

The detection of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies contributes to the diagnosis of hepatitis E. The diagnostic suitability of two automated chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs, LIAISON® MUREX Anti-HEV IgG/Anti-HEV IgM test, DiaSorin) was assessed by comparison with the results of a combination of enzyme immunoassays and immunoblots (recomWell HEV IgG/IgM ELISA, recomLine HEV IgG/IgM, MIKROGEN). Samples with a deviating result were analyzed with the WANTAI ELISAs. Compared to the recomWell ELISAs, the Anti-HEV IgG CLIA had a percentage overall agreement (POA) of 100% (149/149; 95% CI: 97.5–100%) and the Anti-HEV IgM CLIA had a POA of 83.3% (85/102; 95% CI: 74.9–89.3%); considering the recomLine HEV IgM results, the POA was 71.7% (38/53; 95% CI: 58.4–82%). The WANTAI test confirmed 52.9% (9/17) of negative CLIA IgMs; HEV RNA was not detectable. Since acute infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) or human cytomegalovirus (CMV) may influence the results of other serological assays, HEV antibodies were examined in 17 EBV and 2 CMV patients: One had an isolated and probably unspecific HEV IgM in the CLIA, as HEV RNA was not detectable. Both CLIAs are well suited for HEV diagnostics, but isolated IgM should be confirmed. An acute EBV/CMV infection can influence HEV serodiagnostics.
Measurement and Evaluation of Voltage Unbalance in 2 × 25 kV 50 Hz High-Speed Trains Using Variable Integration Period
Authors: Taleb Yassine , Lamrani Roa , Abbou Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This article addresses the need for a standardized method to measure power quality in railroad systems, which differ from distribution and transmission networks. It evaluates the applicability of existing standards in detecting variations and short-term disturbances in railroad networks powered by the 50/60 Hz AC grid or the 2 × 25 kV AC network used for high-speed trains. The objective is to propose a standardized algorithm capable of accurately identifying disturbances to assess power quality on railway traction substations. A new method is proposed to characterize voltage imbalances more precisely. Practical demonstrations confirm that a short integration period, as used in existing standards, provides a more accurate estimation of disturbance amplitude and duration. Field experiments validate the proposed solution, embedded in equipment installed on the 225 kV line supplying the 2 × 25 kV AC substation for high-speed rail. Comparative analysis of results obtained during high-speed train journeys confirms the algorithm’s potential to aid standards committees in reviewing and updating existing standards, as well as expediting the creation, approval, and implementation of new standards for railway installations. Experimental comparisons of other power quality parameters, such as frequency and voltage harmonics, also underscore the algorithm’s utility in railway power quality assessment.
Intelligent Scene-Adaptive Desensitization: A Machine Learning Approach for Dynamic Data Privacy in Virtual Power Plants
Authors: Yang Ruxia , Gao Hongchao , Si Fangyuan , Wang Jun
Published: March 2024

In the context of virtual power plants (VPPs), the one-size-fits-all approach of traditional static desensitization methods proves inadequate due to the diverse and dynamic operational scenarios encountered. These methods fail to provide the necessary flexibility for varying data privacy requirements across different scenarios. To address this shortcoming, our research introduces a dynamic desensitization method specifically designed for VPPs. Leveraging machine learning for adaptive scene recognition, the method adjusts data privacy levels intelligently according to each unique scenario. A novel similarity utility function and a Gaussian processes-based differential privacy algorithm ensure tailored and efficient privacy protection. Experimental results highlight an 87.5% accuracy in scene recognition, validating our method’s capability to adapt to diverse scenarios effectively. This study contributes to the field by providing a nuanced approach to data protection, effectively addressing the specific needs of complex VPP environments.
Proof of Fairness: Dynamic and Secure Consensus Protocol for Blockchain
Authors: Alamer Abdulrahman , Assiri Basem
Published: March 2024

Blockchain technology is a decentralized and secure paradigm for data processing, sharing, and storing. It relies on consensus protocol for all decisions, which focuses on computational and resource capability. For example, proof of work (PoW) and proof of stake (PoS) are the most famous consensus protocols that are currently used. However, these current consensus protocols are required to recruit a node with a high computational or a large amount of cryptocurrency to act as a miner node and to generate a new block. Unfortunately, these PoW and PoS protocols could be impractical for adoption in today’s technological fields, such as the Internet of Things and healthcare. In addition, these protocols are susceptible to flexibility, security, and fairness issues, as they are discussed in detail in this work. Therefore, this paper introduces a proof of fairness (PoF) as a dynamic and secure consensus protocol for enhancing the mining selection process. The selection of the miner node is influenced by numerous factors, including the time required to generate a block based on the transaction’s sensitivity. Firstly, a reverse auction mechanism is designed as an incentive mechanism to encourage all nodes to participate in the miner selection process. In a reverse auction, each node will draw its strategy based on its computational capability and claimed cost. Secondly, an expressive language is developed to categorize transaction types based on their sensitivity to processing time, ensuring compatibility with our miner selection process. Thirdly, a homomorphic concept is designed as a security and privacy scheme to protect the bidder’s data confidentiality. Finally, an extensive evaluation involving numerical analysis was carried out to assess the efficiency of the suggested PoF protocol, which confirms that the proposed PoF is dynamic and more efficient than current PoW and PoS consensus protocols.
Advances in Computational Methods for Protein–Protein Interaction Prediction
Authors: Xian Lei , Wang Yansu
Published: March 2024

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are pivotal in various physiological processes inside biological entities. Accurate identification of PPIs holds paramount significance for comprehending biological processes, deciphering disease mechanisms, and advancing medical research. Given the costly and labor-intensive nature of experimental approaches, a multitude of computational methods have been devised to enable swift and large-scale PPI prediction. This review offers a thorough examination of recent strides in computational methodologies for PPI prediction, with a particular focus on the utilization of deep learning techniques within this domain. Alongside a systematic classification and discussion of relevant databases, feature extraction strategies, and prominent computational approaches, we conclude with a thorough analysis of current challenges and prospects for the future of this field.
Selection of the Family Electric Car Based on Objective and Subjective Criteria—Analysis of a Case Study of Polish Consumers
Authors: Ziemba Paweł , Kannchen Marek , Borawski Mariusz
Published: March 2024

In accordance with the policies of European Union countries, including Poland, users of combustion vehicles are and will be encouraged in the coming years to purchase BEVs (battery electric vehicles) through various restrictions, burdens, and incentives. In this context, it is important to choose a BEV that meets consumer needs. The practical aim of the article was to analyse BEVs used in households and to select a car with the highest utility for such a household located in a specific city in Poland. The scientific goal was to analyse the impact of subjective criteria and the imprecision of judgements on the results of the multi-criteria assessment of BEVs. The research used the PVM-VSI (Preference Vector Method—Vector Space of Increments) method, which allows for examining the impact of subjective criteria on the assessment results. Moreover, by examining the deviations of the assessments, the PVM-VSI method also allows for measuring the imprecision of subjective judgements. The study showed that including subjective criteria in the decision-making model may have a decisive impact on the obtained ranking of alternatives. In the study using objective and subjective criteria, Nissan Ariya ranked first. However, in the ranking based solely on objective criteria, Kia Niro EV won, and the winner of the first ranking took the last place. In the study, the imprecision of judgements did not have a significant impact on the order of vehicles in the ranking. Based on utilities and standard deviations, it was found that only if the decision-maker was prone to gambling would there be a slight switch between alternatives.
Study of Load Adjustment Strategy for Nuclear Power Units Focusing on Rankine Cycle: Flexibility–Environment–Economy
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Zheng Wei , Wang Wenxing , Zhong Ziwei , Guo Junshan , Song Jiwei
Published: March 2024

The demand for the power grid system’s capacity to undergo peak-shaving is increasing as the proportion of renewable energy rises. In China, nuclear power units usually only provide a base load operation in the view of safety and economic considerations, but they do not provide load adjustment services, which undoubtedly increases the pressure of grid load adjustment. In this paper, a novel flexibility load adjustment strategy of the CHP nuclear unit is studied, which is achieved by introducing the thermal storage tank (TST) into the Rankine cycle without changing the output of the nuclear reactor. The AP1000 pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit for combined heat and power is taken as an example, and the thermodynamic model is established through the water vapor equation. Furthermore, the reference system is simulated for the goal of minimizing the imbalance between power supply and demand, and the flexibility–environment–economy benefits are evaluated. The results show that the heat storage/release of the TST may achieve power output flexible adjustment of the nuclear unit, and the power imbalance of the reference energy system is reduced from 1107.99 MWh to 457.24 MWh, a reduction of 58.73%. The introduction of a 600 MWh TST can enable the reference unit to contribute 335 MWh of peak electricity within the reference day. From the perspective of replacing the power generation output increment of coal-fired power units with equal amounts, it can achieve a reduction of 106.09 tons of coal consumption in the case day, which means that 277.73 tons of CO2 emissions can be reduced. The profit of the reference unit can be improved by CHY 70,125 via participating in load adjustment in the case day if following the time-of-use electricity price.
Online Distribution Network Scheduling via Provably Robust Learning Approach
Authors: Wang Naixiao , Cai Xinlei , Sang Linwei , Zhang Tingxiang , Yi Zhongkai , Xu Ying
Published: March 2024

Distribution network scheduling (DNS) is the basis for distribution network management, which is computed in a periodical way via solving the formulated mixed-integer programming (MIP). To achieve the online scheduling, a provably robust learn-to-optimize approach for online DNS is proposed in this paper, whose key lies in the transformation of the MIP-based DNS into the simple linear program problem with a much faster solving time. It formulates the parametric DNS model to construct the offline training dataset and then proposes the provably robust learning approach to learn the integer variables of MIP. The proposed learning approach is adversarial to minor perturbation of input scenario. After training, the learning model can predict the integer variables to achieve online scheduling. Case study verifies the acceleration effectiveness for online DNS.
Design and Impact of Grid Tariffs
Authors: Winzer Christian , Hensler-Ludwig Patrick
Published: March 2024

We propose a novel grid tariff design proportional to grid load and analyze its performance in comparison to other grid tariff designs with regards to (i) effectiveness, (ii) efficiency, (iii) profitability of technologies and (iv) equity. In the case of a large share of automated loads, time-of-use tariffs and critical peak prices create problematic new rebound peaks. Direct load control and capacity prices can reduce grid load without rebound peaks but are less effective at reducing both grid and energy costs. The novel tariff design proportional to the grid load can reduce both grid and energy costs but needs to be designed appropriately to avoid rebound peaks. Tariff impacts on the profitability of different technologies are more pronounced than equity impacts because households from all income brackets may be equipped with PV and flexible technologies.
Climate Adaptation in White Oak (Quercus alba, L.): A Forty-Year Study of Growth and Phenology
Authors: Thomas Austin M. , Coggeshall Mark V. , O’Connor Philip A. , Nelson C. Dana
Published: March 2024

Climate change poses a significant threat to the resilience and sustainability of forest ecosystems. This study examines the performance of white oak (Quercus alba, L.) across a range of provenances in a common garden planting, focusing on the species’ response to climatic variables and the potential role of assisted migration in forest management. We evaluated the survival and growth rates of white oak provenances originating from various points along a latitudinal gradient over a period of 40 years. These provenances were planted in a common garden situated near the midpoint of this latitudinal gradient, where we also monitored their phenological traits, such as budburst and leaf senescence. The results revealed substantial variation in phenological responses and growth patterns among the provenances, with southern provenances demonstrating faster growth and later senescence relative to local sources, with limited impact on survival. In contrast, the northern provenances demonstrated slower growth, resulting in later-aged competition-induced mortality. The findings highlight the necessity of incorporating genetic diversity into white oak reforestation and conservation strategies, as the local provenance may no longer be the most suitable option for current and future conditions. We advocate for a nuanced approach to forest management that leverages genetic insights to optimize seed source selection for reforestation, fostering resilient forest landscapes in the face of ongoing climate shifts.
Effects of Payments for Ecosystem Services and Livelihoods on Non-Grain Agricultural Land Use
Authors: Wang Yujun , Zhang Yan , Yang Hongbo , Niu Jiamei , Chen Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

Non-grain agricultural land use (NGALU) could be an alternative to payments for ecosystem services (PES) to achieve ecosystem benefits, given their joint contribution to forest transition. Unraveling the correlation between PES and NGALU can enhance cost-effective decisions. While farmland abandonment and non-grain cash crops (NGCCs) plantation are two main manifestations of NGALU, previous studies have primarily assessed the effects of PES on farmland abandonment. Little is known about the effects of PES on NGCC planting. This study evaluated the effects of China’s two nationwide PES programs (i.e., the Grain to Green Program, GTGP, and the Ecological Welfare Forest Program, EWFP) on NGALU in the Black River Basin of Shaanxi province. The study found a wide adoption of NGALU, with 52% of households adopting NGALU. The total area of NGALU is more than half of the afforested area through the GTGP. A quarter of the NGALU area is abandoned farmland, while the remaining NGALU area is planted with NGCCs. The two PES programs did not have effects on NGCC planting, but reduced farmland abandonment. Engagement in labor migration and local non-farm employment increased NGALU, while livestock breeding and farmland area reduced NGALU. Furthermore, the large area and unfavorable geographical conditions of farmland parcels promoted NGALU. These results highlight the important implications of leveraging NGALU to boost ecological gains from conservation investments.
Nitrogen Deposition Modulates Litter Decomposition and Enhances Water Retention in Subtropical Forests
Authors: Xing Jinmei , Hu Chun , Song Chenggong , Wang Keqin , Song Yali
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen (N) deposition influences litter decomposition and its water-holding capacity in forest ecosystems. Water conservation remains a priority, so understanding these interactions is vital for managing forests, especially in the Yunnan Plateau region. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated N deposition on litter decomposition and water-holding capacity in the Evergreen broad-leaf and Quercus aquifolioides forest in the central Yunnan Plateau. Indoor flooding experiments were performed alongside varied nitrogen deposition treatments. Litter decomposition rates under these treatments were evaluated using the Olson model. In the decomposition study, the N treatments in the Evergreen broad-leaved forest increased the remaining mass by 4.75%–17.50% and 2.09%–16.36% compared with the control (20.97 ± 0.44% and 42.43 ± 0.47%), while in the Quercus aquifolioides forest, the remaining mass of leaves and twigs decreased by 5.00% and 0.70% in the LN treatment compared with the control (35.47 ± 0.39% and 44.10 ± 1.18%) and the MN and HN treatments increased by 2.55%–8.13% and 5.61%–11.28%, respectively. Effects of increased N deposition on litter decomposition changed from promoting to inhibiting, as low N sped up decomposition but higher levels inhibited it. Additionally, N boosted the water-holding capacity of litter, especially in leaves. The litter from both forests displayed a notable ability to absorb water. Nitrogen deposition modulates litter decomposition and water retention properties. Specifically, high nitrogen deposition increases litter water-holding capacity by inhibiting the rate of litter decomposition, which in turn alters its mass remaining rate, lignin, and cellulose remaining rates. Efficient management of the studied forests leveraging nitrogen deposition can boost their water conservation potential, aiding in atmospheric precipitation absorption and surface runoff regulation.
Evaluating the Research Status of the Remote Sensing-Mediated Monitoring of Forest Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis of WOS
Authors: Shi Yonglei , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Guojun , Wei Xiaoyan , Ma Wentao , Yu Haoran
Published: March 2024

Forests serve as the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, playing a crucial role in mitigating global warming and achieving the goal of “carbon neutrality”. Forest biomass is intrinsically related to carbon sinks and sources in forest ecosystems, and thus, the accurate monitoring of forest biomass is of great significance in ensuring ecological security and maintaining the global carbon balance. Significantly, remote sensing is not only able to estimate forest biomass at a large spatial scale but does so quickly, accurately, and without loss. Moreover, it can obtain forest biomass in areas inaccessible to human beings, which have become the main data source for forest biomass estimation at present. For this reason, this study analyzes the current research status, research hotspots, and future research trends in the field of remote sensing monitoring of forest biomass based on 1678 forest biomass remote sensing monitoring results from 1985 to 2023 obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results showed that the following: (1) The number of publications showed an exponential upward trend from 1985 to 2023, with an average annual growth rate of 2.64%. The top ten journals contributed to 53.76% of the total number of publications and 52.89% of the total number of citations in the field. (2) In particular, Remote Sensing of Environment has maintained a leading position in the field for an extended period, boasting the highest impact factor. Additionally, the author Saatchi S. stands out with the highest total number of citations for articles. (3) Keyword clustering analysis revealed that the main research topics in the remote sensing monitoring of forest biomass can be categorized into the following: optical remote sensing, LiDAR remote sensing, SAR remote sensing, and carbon stock. The explosion of keywords in the last six years indicates that an increasing number of researchers are focusing on carbon, airborne LiDAR data, biomass mapping, and constructing optimal biomass models.
Comparative Analysis of Linear Models and Artificial Neural Networks for Sugar Price Prediction
Authors: Barchi Tathiana M. , dos Santos João Lucas Ferreira , Bassetto Priscilla , Rocha Henrique Nazário , Stevan Sergio L. , Correa Fernanda Cristina , Kachba Yslene Rocha , Siqueira Hugo Valadares
Published: March 2024

Sugar is an important commodity that is used beyond the food industry. It can be produced from sugarcane and sugar beet, depending on the region. Prices worldwide differ due to high volatility, making it difficult to estimate their forecast. Thus, the present work aims to predict the prices of kilograms of sugar from four databases: the European Union, the United States, Brazil, and the world. To achieve this, linear methods from the Box and Jenkins family were employed, together with classic and new approaches of artificial neural networks: the feedforward Multilayer Perceptron and extreme learning machines, and the recurrent proposals Elman Network, Jordan Network, and Echo State Networks considering two reservoir designs. As performance metrics, the MAE and MSE were addressed. The results indicated that the neural models were more accurate than linear ones. In addition, the MLP and the Elman networks stood out as the winners.
Numerical Study of Premixed PODE3-4/CH4 Flames at Engine-Relevant Conditions
Authors: Leng Yupeng , Ji Xiang , Zhang Chengcheng , Simms Nigel , Dai Liming , Yu Chunkan
Published: March 2024

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODEn, n ≥ 1) is a promising alternative fuel to diesel with higher reactivity and low soot formation tendency. In this study, PODE3-4 is used as a pilot ignition fuel for methane (CH4) and the combustion characteristics of PODE3-4/CH4 mixtures are investigated numerically using an updated PODE3-4 mechanism. The ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar burning velocity (LBV) of PODE3-4/CH4 blends were calculated at high temperature and high pressure relevant to engine conditions. It is discovered that addition of a small amount of PODE3-4 has a dramatic promotive effect on IDT and LBV of CH4, whereas such a promoting effect decays at higher PODE3-4 addition. Kinetic analysis was performed to gain more insight into the reaction process of PODE3-4/CH4 mixtures at different conditions. In general, the promoting effect originates from the high reactivity of PODE3-4 at low temperatures and it is further confirmed in simulations using a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) model. The addition of PODE3-4 significantly extends the extinction limit of CH4 from a residence time of ~0.5 ms to that of ~0.08 ms, indicating that the flame stability is enhanced as well by PODE3-4 addition. It is also found that NO formation is reduced in lean or rich flames; moreover, NO formation is inhibited by too short a residence time.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the DMP and MTL Genes in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Pan Zhiyuan , Li Zongyun , Han Yonghua , Sun Jian
Published: March 2024

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a strategic crop with both economic and energy value. However, improving sweetpotato varieties through traditional breeding approaches can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process due to the complex genetic nature of sweetpotato as a hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 90). Double haploid (DH) breeding, based on in vivo haploid induction, provides a new approach for rapid breeding of crops. The success of haploid induction can be achieved by manipulating specific genes. Two of the most critical genes, DMP (DUF679 membrane proteins) and MTL (MATRILINEAL), have been shown to induce haploid production in several species. Here, we identified and characterized DMP and MTL genes in sweetpotato using gene family analysis. In this study, we identified 5 IbDMPs and 25 IbpPLAs. IbDMP5 and IbPLAIIs (IbPLAIIκ, IbPLAIIλ, and IbPLAIIμ) were identified as potential haploid induction (HI) genes in sweetpotato. These results provide valuable information for the identification and potential function of HI genes in sweetpotato and provide ideas for the breeding of DH lines.
Assessment of Unmanned Aerial System Flight Plans for Data Acquisition from Erosional Terrain
Authors: Nikolova Valentina , Gospodinova Veselina , Kamburov Asparuh
Published: March 2024

Accurate data mapping and visualization are of crucial importance for the detection and monitoring of slope morphodynamics, including erosion processes and studying small erosional landforms (rills and gullies). The purpose of the current research is to examine how the flight geometry of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) could affect the accuracy of photogrammetric processing products, concerning small erosion landforms that are a result of slope wash and temporary small streams formed by rain. In October 2021, three UAS flights with a different geometry were carried out in a hilly to a low-mountain area with an average altitude of about 650 m where erosion processes are observed. UAS imagery processing was carried out using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. High-resolution products such as photogrammetric-based point clouds, digital surface models (DSMs) and orthophotos were generated. The obtained data were compared and evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE), length measurement, cloud-to-cloud comparison, and 3D spatial GIS analysis of DSMs. The results show small differences between the considered photogrammetric products generated by nadir-viewing and oblique-viewing (45°—single strip and 60°—cross strips) geometry. The complex analysis of the obtained photogrammetric products gives an advantage to the 60°—cross strips imagery, in studying erosional terrains with slow slope morphodynamics.
Against Exceptionalism
Authors: Zalloua Zahi
Published: March 2024

In this article, I question the logic informing paradigms of trauma that ontologize and essentialize events, such as the Holocaust and chattel slavery, making them unique, incomparable exceptions that encapsulate or inaugurate the violence of Western modernity, while standing outside and above the order they found. In an effort to avoid the urge to rank that follows almost effortlessly from such ontologization, I mobilize the appeal to the universal undergirding the works of Slavoj Žižek and that of Frantz Fanon. Both Fanon and Žižek read racial trauma and racist violence in light of the eviscerating ontological effects of an imperialist capitalism that divides the world and segregates its peoples. Rather than opting for identity politics, however, these thinkers argue against ontologizing and exceptionalizing victims, in favor of elaborating a politics based on their concrete universality.
Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Social Support: Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Hidalgo-Fuentes Sergio , Martínez-Álvarez Isabel , Sospedra-Baeza María Josefa , Martí-Vilar Manuel , Merino-Soto César , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto
Published: March 2024

The well-being of people is a key aspect of the field of psychology. Hence, it is important to analyse the variables that are related to life satisfaction and happiness as perceived by individuals and that, therefore, increase their overall well-being. The main objective of this study was to analyse the predictive capacity of emotional intelligence and perceived social support on both the level of life satisfaction and perceived happiness. A total of 380 psychology students completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. The results show that both emotional intelligence and social support are related to and predictive of subjective happiness and life satisfaction. The importance of developing the components of emotional intelligence and promoting an adequate social network in young people is highlighted.