bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Infrastructure Development to Boost Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Simalungun Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sebayang Irene Natalin , Lindawati  , Badaruddin
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the economic impacts of prioritizing infrastructure development in Simalungun Regency, Indonesia, through the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) highlights the significant roles of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors in regional economic growth, with these sectors showing substantial contributions in recent years. The study employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to respondents selected via purposive sampling, ensuring representation of key community figures, including merchants, farmers, homemakers, and public transportation drivers. Secondary data were obtained from various Simalungun Regency Government agencies. The AHP method was utilized to determine infrastructure development priorities, while the Location Quotient (LQ) technique analyzed the comparative advantages of economic sectors. The prioritization criteria, including budget allocation, construction timelines, and community needs, emphasize the importance of road infrastructure in enhancing accessibility and boosting economic activities, particularly in rural areas. Key findings underscore the critical need to address widespread road deterioration to improve connectivity and facilitate the smoother transportation of agricultural products. Additionally, the study reveals challenges related to uneven access to clean water and electricity, underscoring the necessity for targeted infrastructure improvements to elevate living standards and unlock economic potential across the region. Recommendations advocate for immediate and strategic investments in road rehabilitation, coupled with regular infrastructure assessments to ensure timely interventions. Strengthening water quality assessments, especially at primary sources like the Lobang River, is essential for ensuring a sustainable water supply for local communities. These initiatives are poised to stimulate economic growth, enhance social well-being, and bolster Simalungun Regency's resilience in the face of evolving developmental challenges.
Tako-Tsubo Mimicking a Myocardial Infarction in a Young Man: A Clinical Case with Review of the Literature
Authors: Ovaga BE. , Alfakihi IS , Charif H , SIDI B. Mohammed , Mulendele P.M , Njie M. , Bacharou M. Charfo , Moyambi J , Haboub M. , Azzouzi L. , Drighril A , Habbal R.
Published: June 2024

Background: Stress cardiomyopathy or Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a heart disease which is most likely linked to an excessive discharge of catecholamines triggered by physical or emotional stress responsible for myocardial toxicity. Tako-tsubo constitutes the main differential diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome. Women are most affected, but recently more and more men are described in the literature.
We describe here the case of a 45-year-old smoking man, followed for a manic-depressive illness who consulted for chest pain typical of ACS and in whom coronary angiography, transthoracic echocardiography, ventriculography and imaging cardiac magnetic resonance led to the diagnosis of Tako-Tsubo syndrome.
The Value of 2D Global Longitudinal Strain in Predicting the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with NSTEMI and Unstable Angina and Regional Strain Value for Predicting the Culprit Artery
Authors: Haless Kamal , Ali Eljazouli , Meriem Haboub , Drighil Abdenasser , Rachida Habbal
Published: June 2024

Background:  Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of resting strain to determine the severity of CAD in the absence of impaired LVEF in patients with NSTEMI and unstable angina.  Additionally, the study sought to predict culprit and infracted related artery (IRA) using regional strain (SLR).
Methods: The study was conducted between January 2023 and May 2023 at the cardiology department of Ibn Rochd Hospital, Morocco.  We conducted a comparative analysis involving 30 patients, comprising 23 individuals with NSTEMI and 7 with unstable angina. In all cases, we assessed both GLS and RLS before proceeding to coronary angiography. Subsequently, we categorized the patients into two groups: one consisted of 18 individuals with severe coronary lesions, including left main trunk (LM) and three vessels lesions, while the other group, comprising 12 patients, served as the control group and had non-severe coronary lesions
Results: At resting GLS threshold below -16,3 %, despite its subnormal nature, should raise suspicion and suggest severe coronary artery disease.  RLS in the "Single-vessel" group was significantly lower in the culprit artery territories, suggesting that RLS may be a better marker for identifying the culprit artery. Both GLS and the visual analysis of segmental kinetics by WMSI (Wall Motion Score Index) at rest, were statistically significant for detecting severe coronary lesions.
Conclusion: GLR and SLR are sensitive markers for early detection of myocardial ischemia and predicting its severity. A resting GLR threshold of less than -16.13% could indicate severe CAD with severe tri-truncular or LMT damage, especially when combined with abnormal WMSI scores. These 2D strain parameter changes precede subjective abnormalities in segmental kinetics, which are often considered normal at rest.
Optimization of Deep Learning Models to Predict Lung Cancer Using Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Alzaidi Esraa Raheem
Published: June 2024

The study aims to clarify and improve the process of lung cancer diagnosis by improving deep learning techniques, especially neural network technology, given the need to improve the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis using chest X-ray images, and the enormous potential that deep learning techniques can offer, where learning models can be trained. Deep learning on huge amounts of classified Patients and another group of people without it, as well as demographic data about patients and their medical history, then processing missing or conflicting data, converting imaging images into a format suitable for deep learning, then calculating performance metrics, evaluating the model and then improving it. The results indicated that learning techniques could be improved. Deep research has led to improved ability to predict breast cancer and provide rapid and accurate diagnosis.
Solid‐State
NMR
Studies on Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto
Published: December 2011

Solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) methods provide new insights in the investigation of the structure and dynamics of condensed phases. Advances in commercial solid‐state hardware and the developments of new pulse sequences have been of paramount importance for overcoming the earlier resolution problems and yield spectra sensitive to intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding and π–π interactions. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the recent development of the technique for the study of the structure and dynamics of supramolecular systems paying particular attention to the role of the weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds through NMR chemical shift as well as the through‐space dipolar coupling SSNMR investigations.
A Memristive Nanoparticle/Organic Hybrid Synapstor for Neuroinspired Computing
Authors: Alibart Fabien , Pleutin Stéphane , Bichler Olivier , Gamrat Christian , Serrano‐Gotarredona Teresa , Linares‐Barranco Bernabe , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: December 2011

A large effort is devoted to the research of new computing paradigms associated with innovative nanotechnologies that should complement and/or propose alternative solutions to the classical Von Neumann/CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) association. Among various propositions, spiking neural network (SNN) seems a valid candidate. i) In terms of functions, SNN using relative spike timing for information coding are deemed to be the most effective at taking inspiration from the brain to allow fast and efficient processing of information for complex tasks in recognition or classification. ii) In terms of technology, SNN may be able to benefit the most from nanodevices because SNN architectures are intrinsically tolerant to defective devices and performance variability. Here, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), a basic and primordial learning function in the brain, is demonstrated with a new class of synapstor (synapse‐transistor), called nanoparticle organic memory field‐effect transistor (NOMFET). This learning function is obtained with a simple hybrid material made of the self‐assembly of gold nanoparticles and organic semiconductor thin films. Beyond mimicking biological synapses, it is also demonstrated how the shape of the applied spikes can tailor the STDP learning function. Moreover, the experiments and modeling show that this synapstor is a memristive device. Finally, these synapstors are successfully coupled with a CMOS platform emulating the pre‐ and postsynaptic neurons, and a behavioral macromodel is developed on usual device simulator.
Dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles in MCM‐48 with high adsorption activity
Authors: Deshpande Parag A. , Polisetti Sneha , Madras Giridhar , Jyothi Divya , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: December 2011

A new two‐step synthesis of ZrO2‐MCM nanocomposites using the gel combustion technique was accomplished; the resulting material had a high‐surface area and showed very high adsorption activity. The deposition of 2–5 nm ZrO2 particles over MCM was achieved using gel combustion technique with glycine as a fuel, and the formation of nanocomposites was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The composites were also characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis. The nanocomposites were tested for the adsorption of cationic dyes. High rates of adsorption and large dye uptake were observed over the nanocomposites. The rate of adsorption over the nanocomposites was higher than that observed for physical ZrO2‐MCM mixtures and commercial activated carbon. The nanocomposite with 10 wt % ZrO2 showed the highest rate of adsorption owing to the synergistic effects of ZrO2 surface groups, smaller particle size, fine dispersion and high‐surface area of the composite. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2987–2996, 2012
A multifaceted public health approach to statewide aviation safety
Authors: Mode Nicolle A. , O'Connor Mary B. , Conway George A. , Hill Ryan D.
Published: December 2011

Background

During the 1990s, Alaskan pilots had one of the most hazardous occupations in the US. In 2000, a multifaceted public health initiative was launched, focusing on Alaskan air taxi/commuter (AT) operations, including risk factor identification, improved weather information, and the formation of an industry‐led safety organization.

Methods

Effectiveness was assessed by comparing rates of crashes using Poisson regression, comparing trends in annual numbers of crashes, and assessing changes in the number and type of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) events.

Results

The greatest improvements were seen in Alaska fatal AT crashes with a 57% decrease in rates between time periods. While the number of AT crashes in the rest of the US steadily declined during 1990–2009, Alaska only showed significant declines after 2000. CFIT crashes declined but remained more deadly than other crashes.

Conclusions

This coordinated effort was successful in reducing crashes in the Alaskan AT industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:176–186, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association study of serotonin pathway genes in attempted suicide
Authors: Judy Jennifer T. , Seifuddin Fayaz , Mahon Pamela B. , Huo Yuqing , Goes Fernando S. , Jancic Dubravka , Schweizer Barbara , Mondimore Francis M. , MacKinnon Dean F. , DePaulo J. Raymond , Gershon Elliot S. , McMahon Francis J. , Cutler David J. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L.
Published: December 2011

Epidemiological studies, such as family, twin, and adoption studies, demonstrate the presence of a heritable component to both attempted and completed suicide. Some of this heritability is accounted for by the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, but the evidence also indicates that a portion of this heritability is specific to suicidality. The serotonergic system has been studied extensively in this phenotype, but findings have been inconsistent, possibly due to the presence of multiple susceptibility variants and/or gene–gene interactions. In this study, we genotyped 174 tag and coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 17 genes within the serotonin pathway on 516 subjects with a major mood disorder and a history of a suicide attempt (cases) and 515 healthy controls, with the goal of capturing the common genetic variation across each of these candidate genes. We tested the 174 markers in single‐SNP, haplotype, gene‐based, and epistasis analyses. While these association analyses identified multiple marginally significant SNPs, haplotypes, genes, and interactions, none of them survived correction for multiple testing. Additional studies, including assessment in larger sample sets and deep resequencing to identify rare causal variants, may be required to fully understand the role that the serotonin pathway plays in suicidal behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure and the role of cation group factor in the third‐order nonlinear optical properties of cadmium complexes constructed by 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thione‐4,5‐dithiolato ligand
Authors: Li Ting Bin , Hu Ya Li , Ma Chun Lin , He Guo Fang , Zhao Ren Gao , Zhen Guo Bing
Published: December 2011

A cadmium complex bis(benzyltriethylammonium) bis(1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thione‐4,5‐dithiolato)‐cadmium(II) ((TEBA)2[Cd(DMIT)2]) has been synthesized and its crystal structure has been determined by means of X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The central cadmium(II) ion coordinates with two DMIT, which constructed a distorted tetrahedron environment. Its third‐order nonlinear optical properties have been studied using Z‐scan technique with 20 ps pulses at wavelength 1064 nm. Its third‐order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) value was determined to be 1.24 × 10−19 m2 V−2, the figure of merit, χ(3)/α0, was estimated to be 2.64 × 10−20 m3 V−2. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polyamide 6 fibers prepared by the gel spinning method
Authors: Jia Qing‐Xiu , Xiong Zu‐Jiang , Shi Chao‐Ming , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wang Xiao‐Ning
Published: December 2011

Polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers were prepared by CaCl2 complexation and the gel spinning technique. PA6 was partially complexed with CaCl2 for the purpose of suppressing interchain amide group hydrogen bonding. The fibers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In the gel spinning process, a mixed tetrachloroethane and chloroform solution was chosen as the coagulation bath after a comparison of different types of solutions. From our investigation of the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of gel‐spun and hot‐drawn fibers, it was indicated that the modulus and tensile strength increased with increasing draw ratio, the orientation of the fibers was improved, and the cross section of the PA6 gel fibers became more smooth and tight. The results from the XRD, DSC, and FTIR tests indicated that calcium metal cations complexed with the carbonyl oxygen atoms of PA6. The maximum modulus and tensile strength values obtained in this study were 28.8 GPa and 413 MPa, respectively, at a draw ratio of 8. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Advanced cell therapies with and without scaffolds
Authors: Demirbag Birsen , Huri Pinar Y. , Kose Gamze T. , Buyuksungur Arda , Hasirci Vasif
Published: December 2011

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to produce tissue substitutes to restore lost functions of tissues and organs. This includes cell therapies, induction of tissue/organ regeneration by biologically active molecules, or transplantation of in vitro grown tissues. This review article discusses advanced cell therapies that make use of scaffolds and scaffold‐free approaches. The first part of this article covers the basic characteristics of scaffolds, including characteristics of scaffold material, fabrication and surface functionalization, and their applications in the construction of hard (bone and cartilage) and soft (nerve, skin, blood vessel, heart muscle) tissue substitutes. In addition, cell sources as well as bioreactive agents, such as growth factors, that guide cell functions are presented. The second part in turn, examines scaffold‐free applications, with a focus on the recently discovered cell sheet engineering. This article serves as a good reference for all applications of advanced cell therapies and as well as advantages and limitations of scaffold‐based and scaffold‐free strategies.
Successful treatment of refractory metastatic histiocytic sarcoma with alemtuzumab
Authors: Shukla Neerav , Kobos Rachel , Renaud Thomas , Teruya‐Feldstein Julie , Price Anita , McAllister‐Lucas Linda , Steinherz Peter
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND:

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an exceedingly rare tumor and carries a dismal prognosis when patients present with advanced‐stage disease. Because of the poor response rates to conventional chemotherapy and the rarity of the disease, no standard of care exists for patients with HS. The authors report the single‐agent use of the anti‐CD52 antibody alemtuzumab in 2 patients who had advanced‐stage HS.

METHODS:

Two patients with chemotherapy‐refractory, metastatic HS with tumors that expressed the CD52 antigen received a prolonged course of treatment with the anti‐CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab.

RESULTS:

Resected tumor samples from both patients demonstrated CD52 expression. Both patients had marked responses to single‐agent alemtuzumab. One patient had a complete response with no evidence of disease for >5 years. The second patient had a major response to alemtuzumab and also remained alive with no evidence of disease for >4 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Further studies need to be performed to examine CD52 expression and function in HS as well as the role of alemtuzumab in a larger cohort of patients. However, the clinical impact of single‐agent alemtuzumab in the 2 patients described in this report was very encouraging. Given the toxicity and frequent inefficacy of conventional chemotherapy, patients with incompletely resected HS should be strongly considered for alemtuzumab therapy. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of CO Adsorption on Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites in CuBTC MOF
Authors: Rubeš Miroslav , Grajciar Lukáš , Bludský Ota , Wiersum Andrew D. , Llewellyn Philip L. , Nachtigall Petr
Published: December 2011

The adsorption of CO in metal–organic framework CuBTC material is investigated by a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches. The adsorption enthalpy of CO on CuBTC determined experimentally to be −29 kJ mol−1 at the zero‐coverage limit is in very good agreement with the adsorption enthalpy calculated at the combined DFT–ab initio level with the periodic model. Calculations show that polycarbonyl complexes cannot be formed on regular coordinatively unsaturated sites in CuBTC. Experimental IR spectra of the CO probe molecule adsorbed in CuBTC are interpreted based on calculated CO stretching frequencies. Calculations show that long‐range interactions are insignificant for the CO/CuBTC system and that this system can be accurately modeled with just a Cu2(HCOO)4 cluster model of the paddle wheel. The reliability of various methods for the description of CO interaction with the Cu2+ site in CuBTC is discussed based on the experimental results and accurate coupled‐cluster calculations. It is shown that standard exchange‐correlation functionals do not provide a reliable description of CO interaction with coordinatively unsaturated Cu2+ sites in CuBTC.
Separation of Reaction Product and Palladium Catalyst after a Heck Coupling Reaction by means of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Tsoukala Anna , Peeva Ludmila , Livingston Andrew G. , Bjørsvik Hans‐René
Published: December 2011

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a recently commercialized technology, which we have used to develop a method for the separation of a target product and the Pd catalyst from a Heck coupling postreaction mixture. The experimental setup included commercially available polyimide copolymer membranes with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) values in the range of 150–300 Da, acetone as the solvent, and a working pressure (N2) of 3 MPa. The investigation of the membranes revealed that a membrane with a MWCO of 200 Da provided quantitative retention of the Pd catalyst and quantitative recovery of the target product by means of a cross‐flow dia‐nanofiltration procedure.
Neutrophil extracellular traps contain mitochondrial as well as nuclear DNA and exhibit inflammatory potential
Authors: Keshari Ravi S. , Jyoti Anupam , Kumar Sachin , Dubey Megha , Verma Anupam , Srinag Bangalore S. , Krishnamurthy Hanumanthappa , Barthwal Manoj K. , Dikshit Madhu
Published: December 2011

Neutrophils expel extracellular traps (NETs) to entrap and exterminate the invaded micro‐organisms. Acute/chronic inflammatory disorders are often observed with aberrantly enhanced NETs formation and high nitric oxide (NO) availability. Recent study from this laboratory demonstrated release of NETs from human neutrophils following treatment with SNP or SNAP. This study is an extension of our previous finding to explore the extracellular bacterial killing, source of DNA in the expelled NETs, their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokines release from platelets/THP‐1 cells, and assessment of NO‐mediated free radical formation by using a consistent NO donor, DETA‐NONOate. NO‐mediated NETs exhibited extracellular bacterial killing as determined by colony forming units. NO‐mediated NETs formation was due to the activation of NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase. NO‐ or PMA‐mediated NETs were positive for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as proteolytic enzymes. Incubation of NETs with human platelets enhanced the release of IL‐1β and IL‐8, while with THP‐1 cells, release of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNFα was observed. This study demonstrates that NO by augmenting enzymatic free radical generation release NETs to promote extracellular bacterial killing. These NETs were made up of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and potentiated release of proinflammatory cytokines. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Potential for phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the management of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Shenoy Padmanabha , Agarwal Vikas , Agarwal Amita , Misra Ramnath , Naik Sita
Published: December 2011

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and their substrates, cAMP and cGMP, are ubiquitously expressed in the immune system. Inhibiting PDEs may represent a novel approach for regulating immune functions and have a therapeutic potential in the management of autoimmune diseases. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi) have proved effective in clinical trials in the management of pulmonary artery hypertension and Raynaud's phenomenon. Data from animal models suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of PDEi may have a therapeutic potential in the management of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The antifibrotic potential of PDEi, as suggested by animal experiments, if proven in further studies will be a major step in the treatment of fibrosing diseases such as scleroderma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drug Dev Res 72:772–778, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological defects in a novel Rdh10 mutant that has reduced retinoic acid biosynthesis and signaling
Authors: Ashique Amir M. , May Scott R. , Kane Maureen A. , Folias Alexandra E. , Phamluong Khanhky , Choe Youngshik , Napoli Joseph L. , Peterson Andrew S.
Published: December 2011

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is necessary for proper patterning and morphogenesis during embryonic development. Tissue‐specific RA signaling requires precise spatial and temporal synthesis of RA from retinal by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Raldh) and the conversion of retinol to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reducatase gene family (SDR). The SDR, retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), is a major contributor to retinal biosynthesis during mid‐gestation. We have identified a missense mutation in the Rdh10 gene (Rdh10m366Asp) using an N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced forward genetic screen that result in reduced RA levels and signaling during embryonic development. Rdh10m366Asp mutant embryos have unique phenotypes, such as edema, a massive midline facial cleft, and neurogenesis defects in the forebrain, that will allow the identification of novel RA functions. genesis, 50: 415–423, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reef fish hybridization: lessons learnt from butterflyfishes (genusChaetodon)
Authors: Montanari Stefano R. , van Herwerden Lynne , Pratchett Morgan S. , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Fugedi Anneli
Published: December 2011

Natural hybridization is widespread among coral reef fishes. However, the ecological promoters and evolutionary consequences of reef fish hybridization have not been thoroughly evaluated. Butterflyfishes form a high number of hybrids and represent an appropriate group to investigate hybridization in reef fishes. This study provides a rare test of terrestrially derived hybridization theory in the marine environment by examining hybridization betweenChaetodon trifasciatusandC. lunulatusat Christmas Island. Overlapping spatial and dietary ecologies enable heterospecific encounters. Nonassortative mating and local rarity of both parent species appear to permit heterospecific breeding pair formation. Microsatellite loci and mtDNA confirmed the status of hybrids, which displayed the lowest genetic diversity in the sample and used a reduced suite of resources, suggesting decreased adaptability. Maternal contribution to hybridization was unidirectional, and no introgression was detected, suggesting limited, localized evolutionary consequences of hybridization.

Comparisons to other reef fish hybridization studies revealed that different evolutionary consequences emerge, despite being promoted by similar factors, possibly due to the magnitude of genetic distance between hybridizing species. This study highlights the need for further enquiry aimed at evaluating the importance and long‐term consequences of reef fish hybridization.
Electrochemical Immunosensor Coupled to Cyclone Air Sampler for Detection of Escherichia coli DH5α in Bioaerosols
Authors: Skládal P. , Švábenská E. , Žeravík J. , Přibyl J. , Šišková P. , Tjärnhage T. , Gustafson I.
Published: December 2011

The portable detector ImmunoSMART was combined with the cyclone air sampler to detect the model bioagent E. coli DH5α in bioaerosols. The selected capture antibody was immobilized on gold electrodes, antibody‐peroxidase conjugate served as a tracer. In buffer, the amperometric immunosensor measured 103 to 108 CFU/mL within 30 min. Detection in air was realized in a closed aerosol chamber. Automated dissemination of the cells, sampling and measurement allowed remote testing of the cyclone/immunodetector. The level of 150 CFU/L in air was clearly indicated (20 min analysis including 5 min sampling) and independently confirmed using the slit sampler and agar cultivation. The results seem promising for further extended tests in both aerosol chamber and field trial conditions.
An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/Neutron Reflectometry Study of Water Uptake in the Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)/Polymethyl Methacrylate‐Polydecyl Methacrylate Copolymer Solid‐Contact Ion‐Selective Electrode
Authors: Veder Jean‐Pierre , Patel Kunal , Sohail Manzar , Jiang San Ping , James Michael , De Marco Roland
Published: December 2011

Further to previous work on the ion‐selective electrode (ISE) comprising a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT : PSS] solid‐contact (SC) and a plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane that led to blurring of interference fringes in neutron reflectometry (NR) data, the lipophilic polymethyl methacrylate/polydecyl methacrylate (PMMA‐PDMA) copolymer ISE membrane was used to provide high quality NR data that is relatively free of interfacial roughening and unequivocal information on the uptake of water in this important SC ISE. The outcomes revealed that the hydrophobic PMMA‐PDMA membrane remains free of absorbed water, while the underlying the PEDOT : PSS SC absorbs water, swelling and changing its neutron scattering properties.
Enantiomeric separation of some common controlled stimulants by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Mantim Thitirat , Nacapricha Duangjai , Wilairat Prapin , Hauser Peter C.
Published: December 2011

CE methods with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) were developed for the enantiomeric separation of the following stimulants: amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), ephedrine (EP), pseudoephedrine (PE), norephedrine (NE) and norpseudoephedrine (NPE). Acetic acid (pH 2.5 and 2.8) was found to be the optimal background electrolyte for the CE‐C4D system. The chiral selectors, carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMBCD), heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (DMBCD) and chiral crown ether (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4), were investigated for their enantioseparation properties in the BGE. The use of either a single or a combination of two chiral selectors was chosen to obtain optimal condition of enantiomeric selectivity. Enantiomeric separation of AP and MA was achieved using the single chiral selector CMBCD and (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the modifier. A combination of the two chiral selectors, CMBCD and DMBCD and HPMC as the modifier, was required for enantiomeric separation of EP and PE. In addition, a combination of DMBCD and 18C6H4 was successfully applied for the enantiomeric separation of NE and NPE. The detection limits of the enantiomers were found to be in the range of 2.3–5.7 μmol/L. Good precisions of migration time and peak area were obtained. The developed CE‐C4D method was successfully applied to urine samples of athletes for the identification of enantiomers of the detected stimulants.
Principles of Least Action and of Least Constraint
Authors: Ramm Ekkehard
Published: December 2011

The present contribution describes the evolution of two major extremum principles in mechanics proposed in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, namely the Principle of Least Action associated with the name Maupertuis and Gauss's Principle of Least Constraint. We will briefly mention the d'Alembert Principle strongly related to the Principle of Gauss (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is effective as first‐line treatment of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR: A meta‐analysis from six phase III randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gao Guanghui , Ren Shengxiang , Li Aiwu , Xu Jianfang , Xu Qinghua , Su Chunxia , Guo Jian , Deng Qinfang , Zhou Caicun
Published: December 2011

Gefiinib and erlotinib are two similar small molecules of selective and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), which have been approved for second‐line or third‐line indication in previously treated advanced Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results of comparing the EGFR‐TKI with standard platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy as the first‐line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation were still controversial. A meta‐analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of these regimens. Finally, six eligible trials involved 1,021 patients were identified. The patients receiving EGFR‐TKI as front‐line therapy had a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than patients treated with chemotherapy [median PFS was 9.5 versus 5.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.27–0.52; p < 0.001]. The overall response rate (ORR) of EGFR‐TKI was 66.60%, whereas the ORR of chemotherapy regimen was 30.62%, which was also a statistically significant favor for EGFR‐TKI [relative risk (RR) = 5.68; 95% CI = 3.17–10.18; p < 0.001]. The overall survival (OS) was numerically longer in the patients received EGFR‐TKI than patients treated by chemotherapy, although the difference did not reach a statistical significance (median OS was 30.5 vs. 23.6 months; HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.77–1.15; p = 0.57). Comparing with first‐line chemotherapy, treatment of EGFR‐TKI achieved a statistical significantly longer PFS, higher ORR and numerically longer OS in the advanced NSCLC patients harboring activated EGFR mutations, thus, it should be the first choice in the previously untreated NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation.
Race and prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among men residing in Brazil, Mexico and the United States
Authors: Akogbe Gabriel O. , Ajidahun Abidemi , Sirak Bradley , Anic Gabriella M. , Papenfuss Mary R. , Fulp William J. , Lin Hui‐Yi , Abrahamsen Martha , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo , Quiterio Manuel , Smith Danelle , Schabath Matthew B. , Salmeron Jorge , Giuliano Anna R.
Published: December 2011

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers in men. Genital HPV prevalence in men appears to vary by world region with men residing in Asia having among the lowest prevalence. Unfortunately, there is little information on prevalence of HPV infection in men by race. The purpose of this study was to examine HPV prevalence by race across three countries. 3,909 men ages 18–70 years enrolled in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the natural history of HPV in men (The HIM Study) were included in the analysis. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires and samples were taken from the penile epithelium and scrotum for HPV detection. HPV testing of the combined DNA extract was conducted using PCR and genotyping. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the lowest HPV prevalence of 42.2% compared to Blacks (66.2%), and Whites (71.5%). The Asian/Pacific Islander race was strongly protective in univariate analysis (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.74) and multivariate analysis for any HPV infection (PR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52–0.8). Stratified analysis by lifetime number of female partners also showed strong inverse associations with the Asian/Pacific Islander race. We consistently observed the lowest prevalence of HPV infection among Asian/Pacific Islanders with moderate inverse associations even after various adjustments for potential confounding factors. Unmeasured behavioral factors, sexual mixing with low risk women, and/or race‐specific differences in the frequency of germline variations among immune regulating genes may underlie these associations. Further studies among Asian populations that incorporate measures of immuno‐genetics are needed to understand this phenomenon.
Dibenzo[b,f]oxepin‐10(11H)‐one and dibenzo[b,f]thiepin‐10(11H)‐one as useful synthons in the synthesis of various dibenzo[e,h]azulenes
Authors: Pešić Dijana , Landek Ivana Ozimec , Rupčić Renata , Modrić Marina , Džapo [1] Iva , Trojko [2] Rudolf , Merćep [3] Mladen , Mesić Milan
Published: December 2011

The present review focuses on dibenzo[b,f]oxepin‐10(11H)‐one (I, X = O) and dibenzo[b,f]thiepin‐10(11H)‐one (I, X = S) as common synthons in the efficient synthesis of various dibenzoxepino[4,5‐ and dibenzothiepino[4,5]‐fused five‐membered heterocycles: [2,3] fused thiophene (II), [3,4] fused thiophene (III), furan (IV), pyrrole (V), imidazole (VI), pyrazole (VII), oxazole (VIII), and thiazole (IX). The potential of I to be converted into reactive intermediates that readily undergo heteroaromatic annulation reactions by cyclocondensation with proper binucleophiles allows formation of a range of enumerated functionalized dibenzo[e,h]azulene [4] structures (II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX). Dibenzo[e,h]azulenes as heterotetracyclic scaffold can be exploited in further modifications to obtain compounds with altered physicochemical and biological profile. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Climatic changes in western North America, 1950–2005
Authors: Booth Evan L. J. , Byrne James M. , Johnson Dan L.
Published: December 2011

The rate of climatic change over western North America (WNA) is quantified for 485 climate stations for the period 1950–2005. Additionally, six stations with quality long‐term records were selected and analysed for the period 1906–2005. The indicators used were developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the World Climate Research Program's Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). From the 27 core indices, 4 temperature‐based and 4 precipitation‐based indicators were selected for in‐depth analysis. The 8 million km2 study area is comprised of the 22 contiguous US states and 4 Canadian provinces west of the Mississippi River and Great Lakes. The results were divided into six general regions for interpretation and presentation. GIS interpolation of station‐specific statistical output was completed to further aid in the identification of spatially coherent trends across WNA. Mean slopes were calculated over the whole study area, and by region, for each index, and then tested to determine if they were significantly different from zero.

Results of the study show statistically significant historical climate trends across the study area. As expected in a region as geographically diverse as WNA, results differed between, and within, regions. Overall, temperature‐based indicators showed a general warming trend over the entire study area, with the greatest increases along the North American Cordillera. The trends in precipitation‐based indicators were more varied. General trends indicate moderately increasing precipitation volume and intensity over much of WNA. The strongest precipitation trends were found in areas with climate largely controlled by air masses originating over the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Some considerations on onset dates of the rainy season in Western‐Central Brazil with antisymmetric outgoing longwave radiation relative to the equator
Authors: Garcia Sâmia R. , Kayano Mary T.
Published: December 2011

A new method to determine the onset dates of the rainy season (ONR) in the Central Amazon area using the antisymmetric in relation to the equator outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data was developed in a previous paper. This method is adjusted and used here to determine the ONR in Western‐Central Brazil (WCB). The adjustment is needed because of the northwest‐southeast (NW‐SE) orientation of the American monsoon‐related convection displacement. The area averages of the OLR (AOLR) are used to identify the ONR dates. The ONR dates in WCB based on the precipitation index determined in a previous work are used as reference for comparisons. The differences between the results with the AOLR method and those shown in previous papers, as well as the advantages of this method are discussed, using composite maps of OLR and maps of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data for individual years. The results obtained here for the WCB indicate a potential of the new method for monitoring purposes because the OLR data can easily be obtained and the AOLR calculation is very simple. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Kinetic and kinematic changes with the use of valgus knee brace and lateral wedge insoles in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Fantini Pagani Cynthia H. , Hinrichs Maren , Brüggemann Gert‐Peter
Published: December 2011

The effect of a valgus knee brace and a lateral wedged insole on knee and ankle kinematics and kinetics was evaluated in ten patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The knee orthosis was tested in two valgus adjustments (4° and 8°), and the laterally wedged insole was fabricated with an inclination of 4°. A motion capture system and force platforms were used for data collection and joint moments were calculated using inverse dynamics. The valgus moment applied by the orthosis was also measured using a strain gauge implemented in the orthosis' rotational axis. For the second peak knee adduction moment, decreases of 18%, 21%, and 7% were observed between baseline and test conditions for the orthosis in 4° valgus, in 8° valgus, and insole, respectively. Similar decreases were observed for knee lever arm in the frontal plane. Knee adduction angular impulse decreased 14%, 18%, and 7% from baseline to conditions for the orthosis in 4° valgus, in 8° valgus, and insole, respectively. Knee angle in the frontal plane reached a more valgus position during gait using the valgus knee brace. The valgus moment applied by the orthosis with 8° valgus adjustment was 30% higher than with 4° valgus adjustment. The valgus knee orthosis was more effective than the laterally wedged insole in reducing knee adduction moment in patients with medial knee OA. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1125–1132, 2012
Preparation and selective recognition of a novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber combined with molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of parabens in soy sample
Authors: He Juan , Chen Si , Jiang Yili , Shen Yanzheng , Zhu Jing , Wei Hongliang , Zhang Hongxia , Lu Kui
Published: December 2011

A prepared molecularly imprinted polymer with ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate as template molecule was applied for the first time to a homemade solid‐phase microextraction fiber. The molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Various parameters were investigated, including extraction temperature, extraction time, and desorption time. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber exhibited higher selectivity with greater extraction capacity toward parabens compared with the nonimprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber and commercial fibers. The molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber was tested using gas chromatography to determine parabens, including methyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, and propyl p‐hydroxybenzoate. The linear ranges were 0.01–10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient above 0.9943. The detection limits (under signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) were below 0.30 μg/L. The fiber was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of three parabens in spiked soy samples with satisfactory recoveries of 95.48, 97.86, and 92.17%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n=6) were within 2.83–3.91%. The proposed molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction method is suitable for selective extraction and determination of trace parabens in food samples.
Krylov space approximate Kalman filtering
Authors: Bardsley Johnathan M. , Parker Albert , Solonen Antti , Howard Marylesa
Published: December 2011

The Kalman filter is a technique for estimating a time‐varying state given a dynamical model for and indirect measurements of the state. It is used, for example, on the control problems associated with a variety of navigation systems. Even in the case of nonlinear state and/or measurement models, standard implementations require only linear algebra. However, for sufficiently large‐scale problems, such as arise in weather forecasting and oceanography, the matrix inversion and storage requirements of the Kalman filter are prohibitive, and hence, approximations must be made. In this paper, we describe how the conjugate gradient iteration can be used within the Kalman filter for quadratic minimization, as well as for obtaining low‐rank approximations of the covariance and inverse‐covariance matrices required for its implementation. The approach requires that we exploit the connection between the conjugate gradient and Lanczos iterations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional displacement‐based PML for elastodynamic wave propagation
Authors: François S. , Schevenels M. , Lombaert G. , Degrande G.
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a perfectly matched layer (PML) technique for the numerical simulation of three‐dimensional linear elastodynamic problems, where the geometry is invariant in the longitudinal direction. Examples include transportation infrastructure, dams, lifelines, and alluvial valleys.

For longitudinally invariant geometries, a computationally efficient two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional (2.5D) approach can be applied, where the Fourier transform from the longitudinal coordinate to the wavenumber domain allows for the representation of the three‐dimensional radiated wave field on a two‐dimensional mesh. In this 2.5D framework, the equilibrium equations of a PML continuum are formulated in a weak form for an isotropic elastodynamic medium and discretized using a Galerkin approach.

The 2.5D PML methodology is validated by computing the Green's displacements of a homogeneous halfspace, demonstrating that the 2.5D PML absorbs all propagating waves for different angles of incidence. Furthermore, the dynamic stiffness of a rigid strip foundation and the efficiency of a vibration isolating screen are computed. The examples demonstrate that the PML methodology is computationally efficient, especially when only the response of the structure or the near field response is of interest.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The viscoelastic properties of modified thermoplastic impregnated multiaxial aramid fabrics
Authors: Torki A.M. , Stojanović D.B. , Živković I.D. , Marinković A. , Škapin S.D. , Uskoković P.S. , Aleksić R.R.
Published: December 2011

This study reports the manufacture of new fabric forms from the preparation of hybrid laminated multiaxial composites with enhanced thermo‐mechanical properties. Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of polymer matrix films and fabricated hybrid composites were used to determine the optimal material composition and reinforcement content for composites with improved viscoelastic properties. The introduction of 5 wt% silica nanoparticles in a composite of p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) led to significant improvements in the mechanical properties, and the addition of silane coupling agents yielded maximal values of the storage modulus for hybrid nanocomposites. The introduction of silane led to a better dispersion and deagglomeration of SiO2 particles, and to the formation of chemical bonds between organic and inorganic constituents, or p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) composites. In this way, the mobility of macromolecules was reduced, which can be seen from the decreasing value of damping factor for the p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) composite. Analysis of the glass transition temperature of the composite with amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticles revealed improved thermal stability in addition to the aforementioned mechanical properties of the tested materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers