bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incident Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Masked Hypertension
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Facchetti Rita , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Sala Carla , Tadic Marijana , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

In the PAMELA study (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni), clinical variables, an echocardiogram, as well as office and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) were simultaneously measured at baseline and after a 10-year follow-up. The study design allowed us to assess the value of masked hypertension (MH) as a predictor of new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The present analysis included 803 participants without LVH at baseline (left ventricular mass index <115 g/m
2
in men and <100 g/m
2
in women). Based on office and 24-hour mean ABP values, subjects were divided into 3 groups: normal subjects (normotensive, office blood pressure [BP] <140/90 mm Hg and 24-hour mean ABP <130/80 mm Hg), MH (office BP, normal, and 24-hour mean ABP, elevated), and sustained hypertension (office and 24-hour BP, both elevated). At entry, 57 of 803 subjects fulfilled diagnostic criteria for MH (7.1%); 182 participants developed LVH (22.6%). Compared with subjects with normal in-office and out-of-office BP, the risk of new-onset LVH was greater in MH (odds ratio, 2.22; CI, 1.11–4.46,
P
=0.0250) after adjustment for potential confounders. This was also the case for the absolute increase of left ventricular mass index. Our study provides a new piece of evidence that MH, identified by office and ABP values, is associated with an increased risk of new-onset LVH. Moreover, our findings convey the notion that office BP may inaccurately estimate the risk of incident LVH in the general population.
Intensive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence Program During Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Khot Sandeep , Barnett Heather , Davis Arielle , Siv Jenny , Crane Deborah , Kunze Allison , Li Lue Denise , Bunnell Aaron , McCann Barbara , Bombardier Charles , Longstreth W.T. , Watson Nathaniel , Billings Martha
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea may improve stroke recovery, but adherence is poor. We assessed the effectiveness of an intensive CPAP adherence program during and after inpatient stroke rehabilitation on 3-month adherence and stroke recovery.

Methods—

In a single-arm study, 90 stroke rehabilitation patients were enrolled into an intensive CPAP adherence program. CPAP was continued after a run-in among qualifying patients with evidence of obstructive sleep apnea. The primary outcome was CPAP adherence, defined as ≥4 hours of use on ≥70% of days, over 3 months.

Results—

A total of 62 patients qualified for continued CPAP and 52 of these were willing to continue CPAP after discharge from rehabilitation. At 3 months, the average daily CPAP use was 4.7 hours (SD 2.6), and 32/52 (62%) patients were adherent. Factors significantly associated with adherence included more severe stroke, aphasia, and white race. Compared with nonadherent patients, adherent patients experienced greater improvements in the cognitive component of the Functional Independence Measure (
P
=0.02) and in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—

This intensive CPAP adherence program initiated during stroke rehabilitation can lead to CPAP adherence in the majority of patients with evidence of obstructive sleep apnea, including those with more severe stroke and aphasia, and may promote recovery.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02809430.
Diurnal Variations in the First 24/7 Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Zaidat Osama O. , Changal Khalid H. , Sultan-Qurraie Ali , de Havenon Adam , Calderon Victoria J. , Goins-Whitmore Julie , Patterson Mary S. , Lin Eugene
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—

Mobile Stroke Units (MSUs) provide innovative prehospital stroke care but their 24/7 operation has not been studied. Our study investigates 24/7 MSU diurnal variations related to transport frequency, patient characteristics, and stroke treatments.

Methods—

We compared transportation frequency, demographics, thrombolytic and mechanical thrombectomy administration, and treatment metrics across 8-hour shifts (morning, evening, and nocturnal) from our 24/7 MSU in Northwest Ohio prospective database.

Results—

One hundred ninety-five patients were transported by the MSU. Most transports occurred during the morning shift (52.3%) followed by evening shift (35.8%) and nocturnal shift (11.9%;
P
trend
<0.001). Twenty-three patients (11.9%) received intravenous thrombolytic in the MSU, most frequently in the morning shift (56.5%). No cases of mechanical thrombectomy were performed on MSU patients in the nocturnal shift.

Conclusions—

Morning and evening shifts account for the majority of our MSU transports (88.1%) and therapeutic interventions. Understanding temporal variations in a resource-intensive MSU is critical to its worldwide implementation.
Saudi Primary Education and the Formation of Modern Wahhabism
Authors: Samin Nadav
Published: May 2019

The development of modern primary education in Saudi Arabia transformed Wah­habism in subtle yet significant ways. The art of instructing six- and seven-year-old children in the finer points of Wahhābī theology and law, as occurred in the new Saudi primary schools from 1929, may appear as the authentic continuation of a tradition within a modern institutional framework. Yet in point of fact, this foregrounding of theology constituted a departure from traditional Wahhābī pedagogy, and from precolonial Muslim learning conventions more generally. In response to the encroachment of non-Wahhābī personnel and systems of knowledge into their traditional domain, this paper argues, the Najdī ʿulamāʾ reframed modern education as a theological challenge, one similar to the challenge presented by bedouin and other non-Wahhābī Muslims.
Hampea lanceolata (Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a new species from Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: ARECES-BERAZAIN FABIOLA , VEGA-LOPEZ VICTOR J.
Published: May 2019

Hampea lanceolata is described from the highlands of northern Chiapas and the Chimalapas region of Oaxaca, Mexico.This species had been confused with Hampea longipes, although it is most closely allied to Hampea montebellensis. It differs from H. longipes by the coarse brown pubescence, the relatively narrower leaves with domatia at the junction of main veins, the longer bracteoles, and the smaller fruits with one seed per locule. From H. montebellensis, it differs in having glabrous leaves with domatia, relatively longer pedicels, and in the glabrous or very sparsely puberulent inner fruit walls.
Taxonomic review of the stem-inhabiting trehala-constructing Larinus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): New species, systematics and ecology
Authors: GÜLTEKIN LEVENT
Published: May 2019

Trehala are unusual insect pupal chambers that are sweet and have been used as human food. They are formed by only four Larinus Dejean species which develop in plant stems. This group is revised taxonomically, and a new key is provided. A new synonymy is proposed: Larinus nidificans Guibourt, 1858 [= Larinus multiguttatus Reitter, 1901, syn. n.]. Lectotypes for Larinus maculatus Gyllenhal, 1836, Larinus hedenborgi Boheman, 1845, and Larinus rudicollis Petri, 1907 are designated. Larinus capsulatus sp. n. from northeastern Turkey is described, and a differentiating redescription of L. rudicollis is provided. Ecological information on the trehala-building L. capsulatus and L. rudicollis is presented. Larinus hedenborgi is a new record for Turkey, Iran and Egypt.
Apiformyia, a new genus of Australian bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae) with affinities to the New World Heterostylum Macquart
Authors: YEATES DAVID K.
Published: May 2019

Apiformyia gen. nov. (Diptera: Bombyliidae) is described based on a large series of specimens from the Northern Territory of Australia. The specimens represent a single new species A. australis sp. nov. The genus belongs to the Bombyliinae, and has remarkable anatomical affinities to the New World genus Heterostylum Macquart. In particular, the head of Apiformyia has a sinuous posterior eye margin, but lacks a line bisecting the facets as found in most Anthracinae that also share such an eye margin. A sinuous posterior eye margin is uncommon in the subfamily Bombyliinae, being only found in Heterostylum and four other genera found in the New World, Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions. Additionally, Apiformyia shares with Heterostylum alone an unusual wing venation, with cell R 5 closed, and the apex of cell dm-cu meeting the fork of M 1 and M 2 , there being no stem of M 1+2 . The male genitalia of Apiformyia are generalized bombyliine in form, and do not share the particular unique features of Heterostylum such as the large recurved epiphallus and the gonostylus with apical beak-like process. The female genitalia of Apiformyia lack the sand chamber, acanthophorite spines and presents spermathecae with elongated bulbs, spermathecal ducts more than twice as long as sperm pump and sclerotized collars well developed, also differentiating the genus from Heterostylum.
On the senior authorship of Musca oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: RASPI ALFIO , VIGGIANI GENNARO
Published: May 2019

The olive fruit fly is among the most serious pests of olive in the Mediterranean Basin and in 1998 the fly invaded North America, where the invasion was rapid and troublesome, mainly in California (Collier and Steenwyk, 2003).
The coastal fishes of Madeira Island-new records and an annotated check-list
Authors: WIRTZ PETER , FRICKE RONALD , BISCOITO MANUEL JOSÉ
Published: May 2019

A check-list of the coastal fishes of Madeira Island is presented. The species Rhincodon typus, Megalops atlanticus, Apterichtus caecus, Apterichtus sp., Chelidonichthys lucernus, Caranx crysos, Lutjanus goreensis, Crystallogobius linearis, and Canthidermis sufflamen are recorded for the first time from Madeira waters. We have recognized 13 previous records as identification errors or registration errors and indicate 14 other records as doubtful. Including the nine new records, we list 226 species from the coastal waters of Madeira Island.
Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata : Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
Authors: VAN TRI NGO , BAUER AARON M.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of the gekkonid lizard genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 are described on the basis of voucher specimens collected in isolated mountains separated from the Truong Son Mountain Range, southern Vietnam. Both species were collected from shallow caves, as have been many of the recently described Cyrtodactylus from across Southeast Asia. Both species, C. takouensis sp. nov. from Ta Kou Nature Reserve, Binh Thuan Province and C. huynhi sp. nov. from Chua Chan Mountain, Dong Nai Province, are characterized by a small number of enlarged femoral scales separated from the precloacal scales by a large diastema. They may be distinguished from one another and from all other congeners by differences in rows of tubercles and ventral scales, subcaudal scalation and dorsal color pattern. These new taxa bring the number of currently recognized Cyrtodactylus species in Vietnam to twelve.
A new species of Stiphodon from southern Sumatra (Pisces: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae)
Authors: WATSON RONALD E.
Published: May 2019

Stiphodon carisa, n. sp., is described based on material collected in the southernmost watershed in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Stiphodon carisa, n. sp., differs from all other congeners by a combination of characteristics that include having 9 second-dorsal fin rays; 15 pectoral-fin rays; 41–59 premaxillary teeth; predorsal scales sexually dimorphic in number, male with 5–11 and female with 8–16; 25–35 lateral scales; slightly embedded cycloid scales present on belly; male with a triangular-shaped first-dorsal fin with third and/or fourth spines longest but not filamentous and a patch of white fatty tissue posterior to pectoral-fin base; female usually with 5 (4–5) dusky to blackish blotches or spots along lateral midline from second-dorsal fin with usually 4 (3–4) posterior-most spots positioned close together on caudal peduncle, dusky band extending from anterior to eye to upper hypural base usually indistinct posterior to pectoral-fin base, with or without a dusky or black gular blotch; in some females xanthism exists which fades in preservation and in life yellow with orange to bright red markings. Stiphodon semoni is a species common in hill streams of eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea and is reported here for the first time from streams entering the Indian Ocean in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.
A new species of insular pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Vietnam
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , VAN TRI NGO , GRISMER JESSE L.
Published: May 2019

We describe a new species of pitviper Cryptelytrops honsonensis sp. nov. from Hon Son Island in Rach Gia Bay, Kien Giang Province of southern Vietnam based on it having unique aspects of scalation, body proportions, and color pattern. It is similar to C. venustus in morphology and color pattern and the putative close relationship between these species would corroborate a biogeographical link across southern Indochina seen in a number of other taxa. The presence of this newly discovered insular endemic in Rach Gia Bay and other insular endemics of Rach Gia Bay addressed herein, underscores the understudied nature of these islands and the need for their continued conservation.
Chetoneura shennonggongensis, a new species of cave-dwelling Keroplatini from China (Diptera: Keroplatidae), with a discussion of the position of Chetoneura
Authors: DE SOUZA AMORIM DALTON , NIU CHANGYING , LI XUEZHEN , LEI CHAOLIANG , CLARKE ARTHUR K.
Published: May 2019

Chetoneura shennonggongensis Amorim & Niu, sp.n., inhabiting caves in East China, is described based on the adult male and female, plus larva. Chetoneura Colless, previously associated with Orfelia and known from a single species from caves in Malaysia, is formally transferred to the Keroplatini. This is the first description of the larva and of the general biology of the genus. The larva of this new species is suspended in a roughly horizontal hammock of silken threads amidst mucous coated snare threads from the roof of caves, but is not bioluminescent as some species of other genera in Keroplatidae (e.g., Arachnocampa, Keroplatus, and Orfelia). A key to separate both species of the genus is provided. The position of the genus within the Keroplatini is considered. Chetoneura is considered to be closely related to a clade containing Heteropterna and Ctenoceridion.
Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa
Authors: MARSHALL ANDREA D. , PIERCE SIMON J. , BENNETT MICHAEL B.
Published: May 2019

Descriptions and morphological measurements from manta rays (Manta birostris) caught in bather-protection nets in eastern South Africa are presented and compared to a M. birostris foetus from southern Mozambique. Specimens examined from South Africa had disc widths ranging between 2230–2370 mm and were immature. The foetus was 1328 mm in disc width. External examination of the foetus revealed the presence of teeth on the lower jaw and spot patterning on the ventral surface. The ventral spot patterning, which is commonly used in photo-identification studies, was similar in style and colour to the patterning recorded in both the examined juveniles and free-swimming manta rays. The presence of a distinctive ventral spot arrangement in this foetus establishes that spot patterns develop before birth. Morphological differences between the foetus and the juvenile specimens are attributed to the folded position of the foetus’s pectoral fins in utero and its developmental state. The presence of 1300–1700 mm DW free-swimming individuals from the southern Mozambican area suggests that the foetus was near-term. This study on western Indian Ocean specimens provides the first diagnostic description, morphometric measurements and photographs of M. birostris from this region.
Apocaligonellidus nom. nov. for Echinopsis Fan & Chen, 1996, preoccupied (Acari: Prostigmata: Raphignathoidea: Xenocaligonellididae)
Authors: FAN Q.-H. , CHEN Y.
Published: May 2019

In 1996 we proposed the name Echinopsis for a monotypic new genus in the mite family Xenocaligonellididae (= Xenocaligonellidae) (Fan and Chen, 1996), without noticing that the same name had already been used for an echinodermatan genus (Agassiz 1840; Mortensen 1951). So a new name is required for that genus. Apocaligonellidus nom. nov. is hereby proposed as a replacement.
A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae)
Authors: WEBB DONALD W. , METZ MARK A.
Published: May 2019

The genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg is revised and includes 13 species from the New World. Six of these: Penniverpa bradleyi Webb, n. sp., P. chersonesa Webb, n. sp., P. epidema Webb n. sp., P. evani Webb, n. sp., P. insular Webb, n. sp., P. megaplax Webb, n. sp., P. multisetosa Webb, n. sp., and P. unispinosa Webb, n. sp. are new to science. Penniverpa longipes (Loew) is placed in the genus Insulatitan (n. comb.) and becomes the senior synonym of Insulatitan romaynae Metz & Irwin, n. syn. and Psilocephala gracilis Kröber is placed in the genus Penniverpa (n. comb.) and is the senior synonym of Penniverpa brunnipennis (Kröber), n. syn. Penniverpa alvadusta Irwin & Webb is found to be a junior synonym of P. alvatra Irwin & Webb, n. syn. and Penniverpa lyneborgi Irwin & Webb and P. stigmaticalis (Schiner) are found to be junior synonyms of Penniverpa dives (Schiner), n. syn. Each species is described or redescribed with illustrations of their genitalia, a key to their identification, and a map of their distribution.
Checklist of helminth parasites in wild carnivore mammals from Brazil
Authors: VIEIRA FABIANO M. , LUQUE JOSÉ L. , MUNIZ-PEREIRA LUIS C.
Published: May 2019

Ninety-five helminth parasite species totaling 480 records (including 60 new host and geographical records) in 21 species of wild carnivore mammals from Brazil were listed. Nineteen undetermined helminth species and 4 undetermined host species were also included. Information about the site of infection of parasites, localities, references and a host-parasite list were included herein.
A new species of Moina Baird, 1950 (Crustacea: Anomopoda) from Socotra Island, Yemen
Authors: VAN DAMME KAY , DUMONT HENRI J.
Published: May 2019

We describe a new species, Moina diksamensis n. sp., endemic to Socotra Island, Yemen, including details of important limb characters not usually described in the literature. Moina diksamensis has a peculiar ecology and is found in close association with freshwater crabs of the genus Socotra Cumberlidge & Wranik, 2002. The new species is closely related to M. mukhamedievi Mirabdullaev, 1998 from Uzbekistan, another biogeographical link for freshwater crustaceans between this Afro-Arabian island and Asia.
Eight new species of the genus Aculus Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) from China
Authors: XUE XIAO-FENG , SONG ZI-WEI , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: May 2019

In this paper, eight new species of the genus Aculus Keifer from China are described and illustrated, namely Aculus amurens sp. nov. on Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae); Aculus asteri sp. nov. on Aster tataricus L. f. (Compositae); Aculus changbais sp. nov. on Salix gracilistyla Miq. (Salicaceae); Aculus cuihuae sp. nov. on Ribes sp. (Saxifragaceae); Aculus eupteleae sp. nov. on Euptelea pleiospermum Hook. f. et Thoms. (Trochodendraceae); Aculus rumexis sp. nov. on Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae); Aculus jingbois sp. nov. on Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae); Aculus toxicodendri sp. nov. on Toxicodendron sp. (Anacardiaceae). A key to the Chinese Aculus species is provided. The eriophyoid mite species described here are vagrants on the undersurface of host leaves.
The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Parana River drainages
Authors: ŘÍČAN OLDŘICH , KULLANDER SVEN O.
Published: May 2019

Australoheros Ř íčan and Kullander, 2006 includes four described species—Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), Australoheros scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Four additional species are newly described in this paper based on results presented in Ř íčan and Kullander (2006): Australoheros forquilha sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Upper Río Uruguay in Brazil; Australoheros charrua sp. nov. and Australoheros minuano sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Middle Río Uruguay in Brazil and Uruguay, and Australoheros guarani sp. nov. from the Río Paraná tributaries in Paraguay. Sympatric species are not found closely related and all sister species have allopatric distributions. Four species groups are recognized based on phylogenetic hypotheses generated from morphological and cyt b characters; the forquilha group—A. forquilha, A. tembe; the scitulus group—A. scitulus, A. charrua; the kaaygua group—A. kaaygua, A. minuano; and the facetus group—A. facetus, A. guarani.
A new Hemigrammus Gill from upper rio Parana system, Southeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: MARINHO MANOELA M. F. , CARVALHO FERNANDO R. , LANGEANI FRANCISCO , TATSUMI FLÁVIO L.
Published: May 2019

Hemigrammus parana is described from the upper rio Paraná system, in the area of influence of the Ilha Solteira reservoir in states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: absence of humeral spot; presence of a roughly triangular or rectangular conspicuous black caudal spot, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays, its greatest depth at base of caudal-fin rays; and anal-fin rays iii–iv, 18–23.
The genus Issikiopteryx (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae): Checklist and descriptions of new species
Authors: FAN XIMEI , LI HOUHUN
Published: May 2019

Thirteen species of the genus Issikiopteryx are listed on a worldwide basis. Three new species, Issikiopteryx obtusangula sp. nov., I. rotundiconcava sp. nov. and I. valvispinata sp. nov. are described based on the examination of the specimens collected from China. Five species, Glaucolychna fornicata Wu & Liu, G. aurolaxa Wu & Liu, G. corona Wu & Liu, G. ophrysa Wu & Liu and G. trichacera Wu, are transferred to Issikiopteryx. Images of the adults and the genitalia of the new species are provided.
Erratum: NIELS P. KRISTENSEN, MALCOLM J. SCOBLE & OLE KARSHOLT (2007) Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity. Zootaxa, 1668, 699747. Zootaxa, 1668, 699-747.
Authors: KRISTENSEN NIELS P. , SCOBLE MALCOLM J. , KARSHOLT OLE
Published: May 2019

(Erratum)
Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
Authors: MENEZES NAÉRCIO A. , RIBEIRO ALEXANDRE C. , WEITZMAN STANLEY , TORRES RODRIGO A.
Published: May 2019

The biogeography of the Glandulocaudinae (former Glandulocaudini) is reviewed. The major pattern of diversification presented by this group of freshwater fishes can be clearly associated to the main aspects of the tectonic evolution of the southern portion of the Cis-Andean South American Platform. The phylogenetic relationships within the group suggest that the clade represented by Lophiobrycon is the sister-group of the more derived clade represented by the genus Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates. Lophiobrycon and Glandulocauda occur in areas of the ancient crystalline shield of southeastern Brazil and their present allopatric distribution is probably due to relict survival and tectonic vicariant events. Populations of Glandulocauda melanogenys are found in contiguous drainages in presently isolated upper parts of the Tietê, Guaratuba, Itatinga, and Ribeira de Iguape basins and this pattern of distribution is probably the result of river capture caused by tectonic processes that affected a large area in eastern and southeastern Brazil. The species of Mimagoniates are predominantly distributed along the eastern and southeastern coastal areas, but M. microlepis is additionally found in the rio Iguaçu and Tibagi basins. Mimagoniates barberi occurs in both SW margin of the upper rio Paraná basin and the lower Paraguay and Mimagoniates sp. occurs in the upper Paraguay river basin. Tectonic activations of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil along the eastern margin of the Upper Paraná basin promoted population fragmentation responsible of the present day distribution presented by Glandulocauda melanogenys. We hypothesize that occurrence of Mimagoniates along the lowland area around the Paraná basin was due to a single or a multiple fragmentation of populations along the W-SW border of the upper Paraná Basin, probably due to the major tectonic origin of the Chaco-Pantanal wetland foreland basins since the Miocene as well as Cenozoic tectonic activity along the borders of the upper Paraná basin, such as in the eastern Paraguay, in the Asunción Rift. Distributional pattern of Mimagoniates suggests that its initial diversification may be related to the tectonic evolution of the Chaco-Pantanal foreland basin system and a minimum age of 2.5 M.Y are proposed for this monophyletic group. Previous hypotheses on sea level fluctuations of the late Quaternary as being the main causal mechanism promoting cladogenesis and speciation of the group are critically reviewed. Phylogeographic studies based on molecular data indicate significant differences among the isolated populations of M. microlepis. These findings suggest that a much longer period of time and a paleogeographic landscape configuration of the Brazilian southeastern coastal region explain the present observed phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns.
Some remarkable new Neotropical treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracidae)
Authors: DIETRICH C. H.
Published: May 2019

The new Neotropical treehopper genera Smergotomia, based on S. clairae, new species, from Ecuador, and Braxtonota, based on B. enigmata, new species, from Puerto Rico are described and illustrated. Despite lacking a posterior pronotal process, Smergotomia appears to be most closely related to Smerdalea Fowler based on the forewing venation and male genitalia, but the subfamily and tribal placement of these two genera is uncertain. Braxtonota appears to be related to the two membracid tribes that are endemic to the Caribbean, but lacks the extra hind femoral cucullate setae diagnostic for Monobelini and the large teeth on the second valvulae diagnostic for Nessorhinini. It is provisionally placed in Monobelini. Smerdalea veracruzensis, new species from Mexico, with a pronotum considerably less ornate than its congeners, is also described and illustrated and a key to species of Smerdalea is provided.
On the subgenus Eurysunius Reitter of Turkey VI. Two new species from Sivas province in central northern Anatolia, with a key to Turkish species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae, Astenus)
Authors: ANLAŞ SİNAN
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Astenus (Eurysunius) Dejean (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) are described and illustrated from Sivas province in central northern Turkey, and distinguished from related consubgeners: Astenus pelinae Anlaş, sp. n. (İmranlı and Divriği) and A. sivasicus Anlaş, sp. n. (Akıncılar). A key to Turkish species of Eurysunius is provided, as well as a map indicating their geographical distribution.
Description of the pupa and additional characters of the fourth-instar larva, female, and male genitalia of Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) coatzacoalcos Dyar & Knab, with keys for the identification of Mexican species of Uranotaenia (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: RIVERA-GARCÍA KARINA D. , RÍSQUEZ-PÉREZ ABRIL , IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO
Published: May 2019

Eleven species of Uranotaenia, one belonging to the subgenus Pseudoficalbia and ten to the subgenus Uranotaenia, have been recorded in Mexico. In general, two species are commonly recorded in urban areas by the vector surveillance programs, but the other species are rarely collected as they occupy habitats in non-anthropized environments, and for that reason they remain poorly known. Some of the species recorded in Mexico have not been described in the pupal stage and other developmental stages have only been partially described, making their recognition difficult. One of these species is Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) coatzacoalcos Dyar & Knab, as a complete description of its larval chaetotaxy is not available, and the pupa has not been described. In this report, we provide a complete morphological description of the fourth-instar larva, the first description of the pupa, and a review of the female and male diagnostic characteristics useful for recognition of the species. We also provide keys in English and Spanish for the recognition of the larvae, pupae, females, and male genitalia of the species of Uranotaenia recorded in Mexico.
Descriptions of five new species of Homoplectra Ross (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from Japan with reassignment of Homoplectra tohokuensis (Kobayashi)
Authors: NOZAKI TAKAO
Published: May 2019

Five new species of the genus Homoplectra Ross 1938 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) are described from Japan: H. crassa, H. ise, H. hattorii, H. occidens, and H. gracilis. Diplectrona tohokuensis Kobayashi 1973 is transferred to the genus Homoplectra. Geographic variations in the male genitalia are reported for four new species. Descriptions of the immature stages of H. crassa sp. nov. and H. tohokuensis are provided. Larvae of these species were found in small seeps and flows in hill or mountain areas.
Separating Dynamic and Thermodynamic Impacts of Climate Change on Daytime Convective Development over Land
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Prein Andreas F.
Published: May 2019

Climate change affects the dynamics and thermodynamics of moist convection. Changes in the dynamics concern, for instance, an increase of convection strength due to increases of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Thermodynamics involve increases in water vapor that the warmer atmosphere can hold and convection can work with. Small-scale simulations are conducted to separate these two components for daytime development of unorganized convection over land. The simulations apply a novel modeling technique referred to as the piggybacking (or master–slave) approach and consider the global climate model (GCM)-predicted change of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles in the Amazon region at the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario. The simulations show that the dynamic impact dominates because changes in cloudiness and rainfall come from cloud dynamics considerations, such as the change in CAPE and convective inhibition (CIN) combined with the impact of environmental relative humidity (RH) on deep convection. The small RH reduction between the current and future climate significantly affects the mean surface rain accumulation as it changes from a small reduction to a small increase when the RH decrease is eliminated. The thermodynamic impact on cloudiness and precipitation is generally small, with the extreme rainfall intensifying much less than expected from an atmospheric moisture increase. These results are discussed in the context of previous studies concerning climate change–induced modifications of moist convection. Future research directions applying the piggybacking method are discussed.
Two Distinct Types of Extratropical Circulation Anomalies Associated with Cold Surges over the South China Sea
Authors: Pang Bo , Lu Riyu
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the extratropical circulation anomalies responsible for cold surges over the South China Sea in winter. The surge events were identified by the intensity of northerly winds over 110°–117.5°E along 15°N at 925 hPa. Two distinct patterns of sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in East Asia were found to have a crucial role in inducing cold surges over the South China Sea. Accordingly, the cold surge events were classified into two types. The first type of cold surge is characterized by a pair of SLP anomalies with positive and negative ones centered over China and Japan, respectively, whereas the second type of cold surge is characterized by widespread and persistent positive SLP anomalies over East Asia. Furthermore, the first type of cold surge is accompanied by a deepened East Asian trough and precursory Rossby wave trains across the Eurasian continent in the mid- and upper troposphere, but the latter is not. Prior to both types of the cold surges, the Siberian high is significantly intensified. However, diagnosis of the SLP tendency indicates that the intensification is related to different physical processes. In the first type of cold surge, the Rossby wave trains favor negative vorticity advection and cold advection, inducing intensification of the Siberian high. By contrast, in the second type of cold surge, vorticity advection can be ignored due to the lack of Rossby wave trains, and only the lower-tropospheric cold advection induced by anomalous northerly winds, resulting from the anomalous Siberian high, contributes to the further intensification of the Siberian high.
Tropical Cyclone–Related Precipitation over the Northwest Tropical Pacific in Met Office Global Operational Forecasts
Authors: Peatman Simon C. , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Hodges Kevin I.
Published: May 2019

The tropical west Pacific Ocean and the Philippines are often affected by tropical cyclones (TCs), with threats to human life and of severe economic damage. The performance of the Met Office global operational forecasts at predicting TC-related precipitation is examined between 2006 and 2017, the first time total TC rainfall has been analyzed in a long-term forecast dataset. All precipitation falling within 5° of a TC track point is assumed to be part of the TC rainbands. Forecasts are verified against TC tracks from the JRA-55 reanalysis and precipitation from TRMM 3B42. In composites from the forecasts, the total precipitation (TC and non-TC) is too high and the TC-related precipitation is too low, over both ocean and the Philippines. These biases exist all year-round and generally worsen with lead time, but have improved in recent years with upgrades to the forecasting system. Biases in TC-related precipitation in the Philippines are attributable mainly to TC lifetime being too short over land and ocean and (over land) possibly to individual TCs producing too little rain. There are considerable biases in predicted large-scale conditions related to TC intensification, particularly too little lower-troposphere relative humidity and too strong vertical wind shear. The shear appears to have little impact on the amount of TC precipitation, but dry biases in humidity are consistent with dry biases in TC rainfall. The forecast system accurately reproduces the impact of the MJO on TC precipitation, relative to the forecasts’ own climatology, potentially providing the opportunity for predictability out to several weeks.
Identification of Large Isotope Anomalies in Quartz by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ogliore Ryan C. , Dwyer Cosette , Krawczynski Michael J. , Couvy Hélène , Eisele Max , Filiberto Justin
Published: May 2019

We report an infrared (IR) spectroscopic technique to detect quartz grains with large isotope anomalies. We synthesized isotopically doped quartz and used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in two different instruments: a traditional far-field instrument and a neaSpec nanoFT-IR, to quantify the shift in the peak of the Si–O stretch near 780 cm−1 as a function of isotope composition, and the uncertainty in this shift. From these measurements, we estimated the minimum detectable isotope anomaly using FT-IR. The described technique can be used to nondestructively detect very small (30 nm) presolar grains. In particular, supernova grains, which can have very large isotope anomalies, are detectable by this method.
Human Relations’ invented traditions: Sociotechnical research and worker motivation at the interwar Rowntree Cocoa Works
Authors: Weatherburn Michael
Published: May 2019

What makes workers work better: social or financial incentives? This important management research question has a long and contested history, with most studies emphasizing the former. Almost all research into this question draws on the Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and colleagues in the interwar United States, with the Hawthorne studies even playing a part in the foundation of the Tavistock Institute and its journal Human Relations in 1947. As this article reveals, the allegedly-unique nature of the Hawthorne studies is an invented tradition deeply embedded in the human relations field to this day. To explode this invented tradition, this article uses previously unstudied historical sources to recover and examine the long-forgotten Incentives and Contentment (1938) studies, conducted from 1929 onwards by sociologist Clarence Northcott at the Rowntree Cocoa Works in York, UK. In contrast to the Hawthorne studies, the Rowntree management research found that financial incentives were more important than social incentives. This article then charts how fashions in work incentives, the importance of personalities and networks, the relatively weak position of sociology in postwar Britain, and the prestige of American expertise, combined in 1947 to ensure the Tavistock’s founders believed the Hawthorne studies were unique.
The “Chaucerian” Astrolabe in the British Museum: A Reassessment of Its Dating and Ownership
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2019

An undated medieval Latin astrolabe in the British Museum has many of the design features shown in manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe and is thus one of a group of astrolabes often described as “Chaucerian.” Although traditionally dated to the late fourteenth or early fifteenth centuries, it has recently been suggested that it is a later copy made by using the Treatise illustrations as a pattern. The close examination of the astrolabe in this article shows that the original dating is correct. It also produces the hypothesis that it was made for Bishop Henry Beaufort, one of John of Gaunt’s extended family who was educated as a part the group which included Chaucer’s son Thomas.
Rethinking female sexuality in Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun
Authors: Nwokocha Sandra
Published: May 2019

This article examines Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s exciting novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) not so much for the ways in which it reproduces the unsettling effects of the Biafran War but for how it draws attention to the diversity of sexual behaviours and identities in Africa as well as the grittiness of being human in a frightening war-ridden zone. This article argues for the ways in which Adichie emphasizes the humanity of her female characters through their claims to sexual freedom, even in the context of overwhelming civil unrest. By bringing sexuality into the heart of a Biafran War narrative, Adichie is read as a progressive feminist writer who advances a worldview that allows new ways of thinking about sex through the normalization of sexual behaviours that have been construed as unAfrican. In this way, Half of a Yellow Sun forms a counter-narrative to critical approaches that view female sexual agency as something inherently Western.
How common are suicides using nitrous oxide?
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Heath Karen
Published: May 2019

Analysis of autopsy cases of suicide from Forensic Science South Australia files (2003–2017) where helium, nitrogen or nitrous oxide gas had been used revealed that only 2/58 (3.5%) cases utilised nitrous oxide; the remainder of cases had used helium or nitrogen. The two cases are presented here. In case 1, a 48-year-old man was found completely encased in a plastic bag with a hose connected to an opened cylinder of nitrous oxide. In case 2, a 27-year-old woman was found with a plastic bag over her head, tied around her neck, with a tube connected to a small canister of nitrous oxide. There were approximately 20 empty canisters of nitrous oxide nearby. Death in both cases was due to nitrous oxide augmentation of plastic bag asphyxia, manner suicide. The relative ease with which helium and nitrogen cylinders containing large amounts of gas can be obtained may explain the low numbers of suicides utilising nitrous oxide.
Extending Evidence for Inter-Individual Differences in Social Comparison Orientation to Pay Fairness Evaluations
Authors: Merriman Kimberly K. , Mumi Atthaphon , Turner Lauren A.
Published: May 2019

This research extends the limited support for social comparison tendencies as an individual difference variable and a key moderator of pay fairness perceptions. Through three studies comprised of five data collections, the following adapts a measure of social comparison orientation to pay contexts and examines its association with heightened perceptions of distributive fairness in hypothetical and actual scenarios of pay equity, over-reward, and under-reward. In keeping with Gibbons and Buunk’s construal, our targeted operationalization of social comparison orientation demonstrated inter-individual variation and intra-individual stability, providing corroboration of distinct individual predispositions towards social comparison. Our experimental findings further support this point in that socially relative pay information had a stronger impact on pay fairness evaluations among individuals predisposed to socially compare and a relatively weak impact on those that were not. This investigation is complementary but distinct from the prevalent focus on situational factors as drivers of social comparison. Further, examining this point in the context of pay is timely based on the recent level of public and managerial attention given to the fairness of relative pay differences.
An improved interwell connectivity model to obtain interwell connectivity information by using complex well data
Authors: Liu Shun , Cao Lin , He Heng , Yang Tao , Zhou De-sheng
Published: May 2019

Information on interwell connectivity is important in reservoir field dynamic analysis. However, all conventional methods, such as the tracer test, interference well test, and numerical simulation, have disadvantages. These disadvantages include the length of time taken, high costs, and the effect on oilfield production. Thus, research focus has been directed toward the development of approaches that use production and injection data to obtain interwell connectivity data. Prevailing interwell connectivity models are sensitive to shut-ins, and their corresponding inversion methods are unreliable. The improved interwell connectivity model presented in this study exhibits enhanced robustness to shut-ins. The application of seepage theories and numerical simulation methods enables the main model parameters to absorb prior geological knowledge to characterize the reservoir and improve the initial estimate of connectivity. Corresponding inverse methods for model parameters are implemented based on Bayesian inverse theory and the projection gradient method and obtain greater robustness for the model parameter, compared with those in previous studies. Testing of a heterogeneous synthetic reservoir and a Z16 reservoir block demonstrates that the methodology can precisely determine the interwell connectivity and can be used in real oilfields.
The Varying Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on College Graduation: Moderating and Mediating Mechanisms
Authors: Levy Brian L. , Owens Ann , Sampson Robert J.
Published: May 2019

This study estimates the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on bachelor’s degree attainment with data from a long-term follow-up of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. We focus on heterogeneous effects by race and class as well as individual and neighborhood mechanisms that might explain observed patterns, including parents’ educational expectations, collective efficacy, social relationships, and neighborhood violence. Using newly developed methods for estimating longitudinal treatment effects, we find that cumulative neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence is strongly associated with lower bachelor’s attainment among high-income blacks and Latinos. We find no effect for whites and at most a modest effect among low- and middle-income blacks/Latinos. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the estimated effect for high-income blacks/Latinos is plausibly causal. These results support an advantage-leveling model of neighborhood effects and add important nuance for research considering how and for whom neighborhoods influence life chances.
The Overall and Gendered Effects of Postrelease Supervision on Recidivism: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Miller Amy D. , Jones Melissa S. , Schleifer Cyrus
Published: May 2019

Although research recognizes gender differences in offending and interactions with the criminal justice system, few studies have explored the role of gender in the relationship between postrelease supervision and recidivism. Building on feminist criminological research, this study uses a feminist pathways theoretical framework to investigate the overall and gendered effects of postrelease supervision on multiple measures of recidivism. Using a large sample of offenders released from prisons in Florida ( N = 141,338) and propensity score matching techniques, this study uncovers that postrelease supervision is associated with a very small (4% to 4.5%) reduction in recidivism. Moreover, the effect sizes from the analyses also indicate that postrelease supervision plays a greater role in reducing recidivism among men, but the effects for women are much smaller. Based on this study’s findings, policymakers should consider the importance of gender in designing appropriate programming in prison and developing postrelease techniques in reducing recidivism.
Relaxation dynamics of Ni/epoxy composites studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Li , Zhou Wenying , Li Bo , Kou Yujia , Cai Huiwu , Chen Fuxin , Wang Guangheng , Liu Dengfeng , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: May 2019

Dynamic dielectric properties of nickel (Ni)/epoxy composites are investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy over a wide frequency range (approximately 1–107 Hz) and temperature range (approximately −20 to 200°C). Multiple dielectric relaxation processes in the Ni/epoxy composites are identified, corresponding to conductivity, interfacial polarization (IP), and α-relaxation. With increasing temperature, both dielectric permittivity and loss of composites increase, arising from enhanced dipolar mobility; approaching the glass transition temperature ( T g), a clear α-relaxation appears, which can be attributed to the onset of cooperative chain movement. Further increasing temperature activates the long-range movement of space charges, as manifested by an IP superimposed on the ionic conductivity. A transition from insulator (below T g) to semiconductor (above T g) is also observed for the studied composite system.