bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geological and geophysical differences between the north and south sections of the Yap trench‐arc system and their relationship with Caroline Ridge subduction
Authors: Xia Cheng‐Long , Zheng Yan‐Peng , Liu Bao‐Hua , Hua Qing‐Feng , Liu Kai , Ma Long , Li Xian‐Feng
Published: June 2020

The Yap trench‐arc system is divided into north and south sections based on the location of the Yap Trench relative to the Caroline Ridge. Based on a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of new geophysical data and global open access data, the geological and geophysical characteristics of the north and south sections of the Yap trench‐arc system are compared. High‐resolution bathymetric data reveal that the southernmost Parece Vela Basin (PVB) experienced E–W and NE–SW spreading and amagmatic extension after the seafloor spreading that occurred in the main PVB. The gravity anomalies suggest that the southern Yap Arc shows a normal volcanic arc crust, while the northern Yap Arc underwent strong tectonic erosion that may have led to the loss of volcanic arc crust. The shallow earthquakes in the northern part of the Yap subduction zone are more numerous than those in the southern part, indicating that the coupling between the overriding and subducting plates is stronger in the north than in the south. The structural belt of horsts and grabens at the outer edge of the trench and the centroid‐moment tensor mechanism of earthquakes show that the Yap Arc to the north of the Sorol Trough is under extension while the Yap Arc south of the Sorol Trough is under compression. The centroid‐moment tensor solutions in the southernmost Mariana Arc and southernmost Yap Trench show a large strike‐slip component, which is presumed to be a dynamic effect caused by the Caroline Ridge collision. The different frictional surfaces between the obducting and the subducting plates cause different subduction erosion patterns in the north and south sections of the Yap trench‐arc system. Subduction erosion to the west of the Caroline Island Ridge is mainly caused by horsts and grabens, while to the west of the West Caroline Rise, it is caused by seamounts. The subduction of the Caroline Ridge is the main reason for the obvious differences in the geological and geophysical features between the north and south sections of the Yap trench‐arc system. The collision between the Caroline Ridge and Yap Trench played an important role in the formation and evolution of the Yap trench‐arc‐basin system.
The effects of mentor alcohol use norms on mentorship quality: The moderating role of protégé traditionality
Authors: Kwan Ho Kwong , Chen Haixiao , Hu Zhonghui , Li Jinsong
Published: June 2020

Mentorship quality is an important aspect of mentorship effectiveness, yet we know little about its predictors. Using social identity theory, we examined the relationship between mentor alcohol use norms and mentorship quality as perceived by protégés. Our study also considered the mediating role of protégé identification with the mentor and the moderating role of protégé traditionality. The findings, based on mentor‐protégé dyadic data collected through a three‐wave survey in China, indicate that mentor alcohol use norms are negatively related to mentorship quality, and that this relationship is mediated by protégé identification with the mentor. Furthermore, the traditionality of protégés alleviates not only the negative relationship between mentor alcohol use norms and protégé identification with the mentor, but also the indirect relationship between mentor alcohol use norms and mentorship quality via protégé identification with the mentor. The results underscore the value of focusing on mentor behavioral norms that are not directed toward the protégé. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications for mentoring research.
An analysis of the corporate insolvency resolution process as a route for acquisitions in India
Authors: Handa Ankit
Published: June 2020

In India, the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (“CIRP”) takes place under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”). It involves a Resolution Professional inviting resolution plans for the corporate debtor undergoing insolvency. These plans are submitted by various Resolution Applicants and the best resolution plan is approved by the Committee of Creditors and sanctioned by the National Company Law Tribunal. Thus, from an acquisition perspective, the potential acquirer of the stressed asset is required to provide the best bid (in the form of the resolution plan) for the stressed asset which would be able to garner the approval of the Committee of Creditors. The CIRP route has led to successful acquisitions across variegated sectors from steel (Essar Steel) to textiles (Alok Industries) and has become a new and effective tool to undertake acquisitions for prospective acquirers providing a simpler and faster way for acquisition of stressed assets. However, acquisitions through this process are not yet free from their imperfections and there are certain problems, which if addressed, could pave a way for fruitful investments in the Indian economy. This would bolster an investment and acquisition friendly regime in India improving our nation's ranking on the ease of doing business index even further. This article seeks to analyse CIRP as an effective route for acquisitions and identify such problems which are relevant from an acquisition perspective, with the objective and hope that a discussion on these issues can help strengthen and stimulate successful acquisitions and investments in the Indian economy.
A snapshot of company voluntary arrangements: Success, failure and proposals for reform
Authors: Walton Peter , Umfreville Chris , Jacobs Lézelle
Published: June 2020

Company Voluntary Arrangements (CVAs) are designed to be used in the UK to rescue a company as a going concern. They are under used in practice and have a reputation for high failure rates. This article, based upon a longer report funded by the UK insolvency profession, considers the nature of success or failure of CVAs. It considers empirical evidence to identify the weak points of CVAs in practice. It looks at quantitative data as well as taking into account views of practitioners and other stakeholders. Key elements of the CVA procedure are considered in light of recent national reform proposals and approaches and reforms internationally. Domestic reforms in the Netherlands and South Africa are considered to determine whether any lessons might be learnt from other jurisdictions. Recommendations are made including changes to the suggested amendments to the legal framework and to professional practice guidance.
Loss of efficacy of subsequent nonsurgical therapy after primary treatment failure in pediatric low‐grade glioma patients—Report from the German SIOP‐LGG 2004 cohort
Authors: Kandels Daniela , Pietsch Torsten , Bison Brigitte , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Thomale Ulrich‐Wilhelm , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Timmermann Beate , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Witt Olaf , Schmidt René , Gnekow Astrid K.
Published: June 2020

First‐line treatment of pediatric low‐grade glioma using surgery, radio‐ or chemotherapy fails in a relevant proportion of patients. We analyzed efficacy of subsequent surgical and nonsurgical therapies of the German cohort of the SIOP‐LGG 2004 study (2004‐2012, 1558 registered patients; median age at diagnosis 7.6 years, median observation time 9.2 years, overall survival 98%/96% at 5/10 years, 15% neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1]). During follow‐up, 1078/1558 patients remained observed without (n = 217), with 1 (n = 707), 2 (n = 124) or 3 to 6 (n = 30) tumor volume reductions; 480/1558 had 1 (n = 332), 2 (n = 80), 3 or more (n = 68) nonsurgical treatment‐lines, accompanied by up to 4 tumor‐reductive surgeries in 215/480; 265/480 patients never underwent any neurosurgical tumor volume reduction (163/265 optic pathway glioma). Patients with progressing tumors after first‐line adjuvant treatment were at increased risk of suffering further progressions. Risk factors were young age (<1 year) at start of treatment, tumor dissemination or progression within 18 months after start of chemotherapy. Progression‐free survival rates declined with subsequent treatment‐lines, yet remaining higher for patients with NF1. In non‐NF1‐associated tumors, vinblastine monotherapy vs platinum‐based chemotherapy was noticeably less effective when used as second‐line treatment. Yet, for the entire cohort, results did not favor a certain sequence of specific treatment options. Rather, all can be aligned as a portfolio of choices which need careful balancing of risks and benefits. Future molecular data may predict long‐term tumor biology.
Conformers of dehydrogenated glycine isomers
Authors: Orján Erik M. , Nacsa András B. , Czakó Gábor
Published: June 2020

We report a comprehensive ab initio investigation of the conformers of dehydrogenated glycine radicals using the STO‐3G, 3‐21G, and aug‐cc‐pVDZ (aVDZ) basis sets and the UHF and UMP2 (H2N‐CH‐COOH and HN‐CH2‐COOH) as well as MCSCF and MRCI (H2N‐CH2‐COO) methods via two different conformational search strategies generating initial structures for optimizations by (a) removing H atoms from glycine conformers and (b) scanning torsional angles describing internal rotation along the CC, CN, and CO (except for H2N‐CH2‐COO) bonds of the radicals. We find four H2N‐CH‐COOH {InCH, IInCH, IIInCH, IVnCH} and seven HN‐CH2‐COOH {IpNH, IIpNH, IIInNH, IVpNH VnNH, VIpNH, VIIpNH} conformers with classical(adiabatic) relative energies of {0.00(0.00), 1.57(1.55), 5.25(5.03), 9.85(9.72)} and {0.00(0.00), 0.78(1.06), 1.93(2.08), 3.34(3.16), 3.39(3.29), 5.00(4.86), 9.27(8.87)} kcal/mol, respectively, obtained with UCCSD(T)‐F12b/aug‐cc‐pVTZ(+UCCSD(T)‐F12b/aVDZ ZPE correction) and four H2N‐CH2‐COO {IpCOO, IInCOO, IIIpCOO, IVnCOO} conformers with MRCI‐F12+Q/aVDZ(+MRCI/aVDZ ZPE correction) energies of {0.00(0.00), 1.65(1.64), 1.78(1.75), 2.21(2.21)} kcal/mol, where n and p denote C1 and Cs symmetry. The MRCI‐F12+Q[UCCSD(T)‐F12b] InCH → IpNH and InCH → IpCOO classical(adiabatic) isomerization energies are 18.51(17.32)[21.20(20.01)] and 31.88(31.66) kcal/mol, respectively.
The stakes of self‐worth: Examining contingencies of self‐worth to clarify the association between global self‐esteem and eating disturbances in college women
Authors: Chang Olivia D.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The present study tested a hypothesized mediation model in which the seven contingencies of self‐worth proposed by Crocker and Wolfe mediate the association between global self‐esteem and eating disturbances in college women.

Method

This study utilized a sample of 408 college women. Path analysis was used to produce a model in which the association between global self‐esteem and eating disturbances was accounted for through contingencies of self‐worth.

Results

The finalized model indicated that self‐worth based on appearance and competition mediated the link between global self‐esteem and both drive for thinness and bulimic symptoms. Self‐worth based on virtue mediated the link between global self‐esteem and bulimic symptoms.

Conclusion

The present findings clarify facets of self‐worth accounting for the association between global self‐esteem and eating disturbances in college women, and point to how self‐worth based on one's appearance, or the ability to outdo others, is centrally implicated in this relationship.
Collective action among US veterans: Understanding the importance of self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and social support
Authors: Matthieu Monica M. , Carbone Jason T.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between collective action, collective efficacy, self‐efficacy, and social support among US veterans who formally volunteered in their communities upon their return from military service. The participants were 323 post‐9/11/01‐era veterans who completed a national nonprofit administered civic service program. Results from the structural equation model indicate that appraisal social support is negatively, directly associated with collective action, while belonging social support is positively, directly associated with collective action. In addition, appraisal social support is positively, indirectly associated with collective action via self‐efficacy and collective efficacy. About 44% of the relationship between self‐efficacy and collective action is associated via collective efficacy. The model accounts 19.9% of the variance in self‐efficacy, 16.5% of the variance in collective efficacy, and 23.7% of the variance in collective action. The role of social support in the model provides additional evidence for the importance of strong social ties in facilitating collective action as veterans gather to volunteer in programs across the country. Results have implications for how national, nonprofit, and community volunteering programs may want to engage veterans and community members in collective action efforts.
Examining contextual and relational factors influencing perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering among rural youth
Authors: Schmidt Carissa J. , Stoddard Sarah A. , Heinze Justin E. , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Zimmerman Marc A.
Published: June 2020

Researchers have shown that interpersonal and societal mattering have important implications for adolescent development. Yet, few researchers have focused on what predicts mattering, particularly societal mattering, and even fewer have studied mattering among rural youth. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore how perceived contextual and relationship factors affect rural youths’ perceptions of societal and interpersonal mattering. Participants for this study were 381 middle school youth from two rural school districts in Michigan. Using structural equation modeling, we found that more positive perceptions regarding opportunities for youth involvement, availability of community resources, student input in decision‐making at school, and support for autonomy at school were associated with greater perceptions of societal mattering. In addition, greater support from friends, higher quality parent–child communication, and more parental involvement were associated with a greater sense of interpersonal mattering. This study identifies important relational and contextual factors that can be enhanced in an effort to foster greater perceptions of interpersonal and societal mattering among rural youth, and ultimately help us to promote positive youth development.
The Effect of GS‐548351 on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam Following Multiple Doses of ANS‐6637 in Healthy Adults
Authors: Bunn Haden T. , Rosenthal Elana , Mathur Poonam , McLaughlin Mary , Proschan Michael , Vijan Arjun , Aepfelbacher Julia , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Masur Henry , Kattakuzhy Sarah , George Jomy M.
Published: June 2020

ANS‐6637, a pro‐drug of GS‐548351, is a selective, reversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 2 under development as an anticraving agent for the treatment of substance use disorders. In vitro testing indicates that GS‐548351 is an inhibitor and inducer of cytochrome P450 family 3, subfamily A (CYP3A). In this phase 1 single‐center, open‐label, fixed‐sequence drug‐drug interaction study we assessed the impact of steady‐state GS‐548351 on single‐dose pharmacokinetics of midazolam, an index substrate for CYP3A. Twelve healthy volunteers received 600 mg of ANS‐6637 by mouth daily from study days 3 to 8 and a single 5‐mg oral dose of midazolam on days 1 and 8. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected over 24 hours on days 1 and 8, then analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The prespecified no‐effect range for the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of midazolam coadministered with ANS‐6637 (day 8) compared with midazolam alone (day 1) was 0.7‐1.43. There was an increase in midazolam AUC0‐∞ (GMR [90%CI]) that was within the no‐effect range (1.26 [1.12‐1.425]) and an increase in midazolam Cmax that was outside the range (1.22 [1.03‐1.45]). The AUC0‐∞ (1.08 [0.91‐1.27]) and Cmax (0.95 [0.75‐1.2]) of 1‐hydroxymidazolam, the primary metabolite of midazolam, were also within the no‐effect range. A single grade 3 adverse event (alanine aminotransferase elevation) was identified and resolved following discontinuation of the study drug. Overall, multidose ANS‐6637 was well tolerated and did not alter the PK of midazolam beyond a small increase in AUC0‐∞ that is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Losses of selected pesticides in drainage water from containerized ornamental plants
Authors: Hinz Francisca Ordonez , van Santen Edzard , Fisher Paul R. , Wilson P. Chris
Published: June 2020

Limited research has focused on factors affecting pesticide losses from ornamental plant production nurseries. This project evaluated the effects of overhead irrigation or simulated rainfall intensity and formulation and application methods on the losses of acephate, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid in drainage water. The liquid formulation of each respective pesticide was applied to individual replicates (potted Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton plant on a drainage collection saucer) as substrate‐applied drenches or foliar sprays (acephate and bifenthrin only). Granular formulations of acephate and imidacloprid were spread across the tops of media in pots. After application of treatments, irrigation or simulated rainfall was applied daily for 19 consecutive days at rates of 42.3 ± 4.57, 56.7 ± 7.92, and 95.4 ± 19.47 ml min−1, and drainage water from individual replicates was collected for analysis. Irrigation or simulated rainfall intensity had no effects on losses of the pesticides under the conditions tested. Concentrations in drainage of all three pesticides were highest from the drench applications, whereas respective foliar spray applications resulted in the lowest active ingredient concentrations in drainage. The percentage of active ingredient lost in drainage water ranged from a minimum of 0.2 ± 0.05% (mean ± SE) for granular acephate to a maximum of 19.5 ± 3.14% (mean ± SE) for the imidacloprid drench. Most pesticide losses occurred within the first 2 d after application of drenches or sprays. Granular formulations had a longer period of release, indicating a risk of loss from overirrigation during an extended period. Results emphasize the need for careful water management after applications.
The experience of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) among Muslim couples in Oman in the Middle East
Authors: Al‐Kharusi Khalsa , Bruwer Zandre , Wessels Tina‐Marié
Published: June 2020

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is an alternative reproductive technology integrated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is a well‐established technique offering a reproductive option for families at a high risk of transmitting a genetic disorder, allowing them to avoid making a decision about termination of an affected pregnancy (TOP). In Arab communities and particularly in Oman, where TOP is not favored under the majority of implemented Muslim law, termination of pregnancy for fetal indications is not always possible. As these communities are in favor of consanguineous marriage, they are at increased risk of serious and lethal autosomal recessive conditions, and as a result, PGT is a feasible option as a TOP decision can be avoided. However, undergoing PGT is relatively new in the Arab Muslim countries and Omani patients have only recently had access to the service. This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological approach to explore the experience of Omani families who had selected to undergo PGT as a means of reducing the risk of having a child affected with a genetic disorder. Fourteen participants from eight families who underwent PGT were interviewed. Data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research identified four main themes: Anxiously waiting ‘Taraqub’; Unforeseen; Secrecy; and Me and My Partner. The findings of the research have provided insight into the PGT experiences of Omani families. Unique cultural and religious perspectives should be considered when counseling Omani Muslim couples.
Who we are, what we do, and how we add value: The role of the genetic counseling ‘philosophy of practice’ statement in a changing time
Authors: McEwen Alison , Jacobs Chris
Published: June 2020

As genetics and genomics are integrated into health care and non‐genetic health professionals deliver aspects of genetic counseling, it is increasingly important for genetic counselors to be able to define who we are, what we do, and how we add value to client interactions, both on an individual and professional basis. In this paper, we argue that to understand ourselves as individual practitioners and as a profession, we each need to reflect on, write, and constantly review our own philosophy of practice. A philosophy of practice is a dynamic, personal, and reflective statement or narrative that captures the core ideas, values, and beliefs of the individual about their chosen profession, including concrete examples of what this involves in practice. Here, we consider the nature, purpose, and relevance of a philosophy of genetic counseling practice, drawing on examples from professions such as teaching and nursing, where the exercise of writing a philosophy of practice is more established. We demonstrate how and why we have introduced writing a philosophy of practice into our Master of Genetic Counseling program at University of Technology Sydney and consider the possibilities for introducing such practice into professional registration or certification processes. Finally, we offer our own philosophy of genetic counseling practice as an example. As the roles and scope of practice for genetic counselors expand and diversify, it is increasingly important to understand, own, and retain our core values and principles as individual practitioners and as a profession. Ensuring client‐centered practice remains at the heart of genetic health care is vital. We encourage all genetic counselors to write, publish, and share their philosophy of practice, adding to our collective professional identity in this time of change and opportunity.
A modified rider optimization algorithm for multihop routing in WSN
Authors: Augustine Susan , Ananth J.P.
Published: June 2020

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an important role in establishing the communication between the Internet of things (IoT) devices. Routing is an important research field in the WSN as it helps in finding the suitable paths for the communication. This paper proposes a multipath routing algorithm based on the optimization approach. The proposed routing algorithm has two important phases, namely, Cluster head selection and multipath routing. Initially, the cluster head selection is carried out by the kernel based Fuzzy C Means (kernel FCM) algorithm. Then, the multipath routing is established by the newly developed Rider Salp Swarm Optimization algorithm (RSSA), which is the integration of the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA). The fitness function of the proposed RSSA is designed by considering the several factors, such as energy, QoS and trust. The simulation of the proposed work is carried out using different WSN setups, and the results are compared with several comparative techniques. From the results, it can be summarized that the proposed RSSA based multipath routing has better performance with values of 0.2526, 0.0764, 0.5, and 26 for delay, energy, throughput and number of alive nodes, respectively.
Hillslope soil erosion and mobility in pine plantations and native deciduous forest in the coastal range of south‐Central Chile
Authors: Aburto Felipe , Cartes Eduardo , Mardones Oscar , Rubilar Rafael
Published: June 2020

Significant areas of Latin America, and especially of Chile, have been forested with forest plantations to provide timber and fiber and to decrease soil erosion after deforestation. Despite their potential contribution to reducing erosion processes, the magnitude of this decline has not been adequately assessed. In this study, we estimated soil loss and mobility for one year on steep hillslopes using the traditional erosion‐pin approach at five micro‐catchments planted with Pinus radiata with different stand ages and compared them to an adjacent secondary broadleaf Nothofagus sp. native forest. Annual net soil loss (ASL) positively correlated with cumulative rainfall (R2 = .49, p < .001). ASL averaged 65.03 ± 9.8 mg ha−1 yr−1, with the lowest ASL in the natural forest with 21.4 ± 3.1 mg ha−1 yr−1 and the highest in one of the 1‐year‐old plantation micro‐catchments (88.9 ± 9.3 mg ha−1 yr−1). ASL under plantation stands of different ages displayed no significant differences. All areas showed similar net soil loss index values, averaging 83.0 ± 1%, suggesting that most of the sediment left the hillslope. The RUSLE model predicted ASL moderately well across all sites and conditions (0.41, p = .018), but it tends to underestimate ASL, particularly for native forests. On average, soils on hilly terrain under plantation forest may suffer losses up to four times greater than natural forests. The latter stresses the need to improve our understanding of erosive processes that may be still active under planted forest, and to better assess the effect of management practices on soil erosion, particularly on previously highly degraded and erodible soils.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Induction Regimens in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Anugwom Chimaobi M. , Parekh Justin R. , Hwang Christine , MacConmara Malcolm , Lee William M. , Leventhal Thomas M.
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous survival rates in acute liver failure (ALF) are vastly improved by liver transplantation (LT). However, the value of induction agents beyond steroids continues to be debated. To understand the potential benefit of different induction regimens in the ALF population, we compared overall survival of recipients undergoing LT in the United States for ALF. Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we assessed the impact of induction immunosuppression (IS) in a cohort of 3754 first‐time LT recipients with a diagnosis of ALF from 2002 to 2018. Induction IS therapy was grouped into steroid‐only induction, use of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), or interleukin 2 receptor antibody. Other regimens were excluded from analysis. Survival analysis was estimated via Cox proportional hazards models and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs). In LT for ALF, the use of induction agents beyond steroids is increasingly frequent over the last 2 decades. The use of ATG is associated with worse overall survival, even after adjusting for donor and recipient factors, with HR of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.00‐1.53; P = 0.05). An elevated serum creatinine, recipient and donor age, and Black ethnicity, were all associated with reduced survival, whereas maintenance IS with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) was associated with improved survival. Although adjunct induction therapy has become more common, our analysis shows that compared with a steroid‐only induction regimen, the addition of ATG is associated with worse overall survival after LT for ALF. CNI maintenance was highly protective, suggesting that an IS strategy focusing on corticosteroid‐only induction followed by CNI maintenance may offer the best overall survival rate.
Ergodicity for neutral type SDEs with infinite length of memory
Authors: Bao Jianhai , Wang Feng‐Yu , Yuan Chenggui
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the weak Harris theorem developed in [18] is illustrated by using a straightforward Wasserstein coupling, which implies the exponential ergodicity of the functional solutions to a range of neutral type SDEs with infinite length of memory. A concrete example is presented to illustrate the main result.
MYH2 myopathy, a new case expands the clinical and pathological spectrum of the recessive form
Authors: Telese Roberta , Pagliarani Serena , Lerario Alberto , Ciscato Patrizia , Fagiolari Gigliola , Cassandrini Denise , Grimoldi Nadia , Conte Giorgio , Cinnante Claudia , Santorelli Filippo M. , Comi Giacomo P. , Sciacco Monica , Peverelli Lorenzo
Published: June 2020

Background

Hereditary myosin myopathies are a group of rare muscle disorders, caused by mutations in genes encoding for skeletal myosin heavy chains (MyHCs). MyHCIIa is encoded by MYH2 and is expressed in fast type 2A and 2B muscle fibers. MYH2 mutations are responsible for an autosomal dominant (AD) progressive myopathy, characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles and by a reduction in the number and size of type 2A fibers, and a recessive early onset myopathy characterized by complete loss of type 2A fibers. Recently, a patient with a homozygous mutation but presenting a dominant phenotype has been reported.

Methods

The patient was examined thoroughly and two muscle biopsies were performed through the years. NGS followed by confirmation in Sanger sequencing was used to identify the genetic cause.

Results

We describe the second case presenting with late‐onset ophthalmoparesis, ptosis, diffuse muscle weakness, and histopathological features typical for AD forms but with a recessive MYH2 genotype.

Conclusion

This report contributes to expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of MYH2 myopathies and to increase the awareness of these very rare diseases.
Inherited and de novo biallelic pathogenic variants in COL11A1 result in type 2 Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss
Authors: Nixon Thomas , Richards Allan J. , Lomas Adrian , Abbs Stephen , Vasudevan Pradeep , McNinch Annie , Alexander Philip , Snead Martin P.
Published: June 2020

Background

Type 2 Stickler syndrome is usually a dominant disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in COL11A1 encoding the alpha 1 chain of type XI collagen. Typical molecular changes result in either substitution of an obligate glycine within the Gly‐Xaa‐Yaa amino acid sequence repeat region of the molecule, mRNA missplicing or deletions/duplications that typically leaves the message in‐frame. Clinical features include myopia, retinal detachment, craniofacial, joint, and hearing problems. Fibrochondrogenesis is also a COL11A1 related disorder, but here disease‐associated variants are recessive and may be either null alleles or substitutions of glycine, and the condition is usually lethal in infancy.

Methods

The patient was assessed in the NHS England Stickler syndrome diagnostic service. DNA from the patient and family were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing on a panel of genes known to cause Stickler Syndrome. The effect of sequence variants was assessed using minigene analysis. Allele‐specific RT‐PCR was performed.

Results

This patient had clinical type 2 Stickler syndrome but with severe hearing loss and severe ocular features including retinal atrophy and retinal tears in childhood. We identified a de novo in frame deletion of COL11A1 (c.4109_4126del) consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome but also a second inherited variant (c.1245+2T>C), on the other allele, affecting normal splicing of COL11A1 exon 9.

Conclusion

Exon 9 of COL11A1 is alternatively expressed and disease causing changes affecting only this exon modify the phenotype resulting from biallelic COL11A1 disease‐associated variants and, instead of fibrochondrogenesis, produce a form of Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss. Disease phenotypes from de novo pathogenic variants can be modified by inherited recessive variants on the other allele. This highlights the need for functional and family analysis to confirm the mode of inheritance in COL11A1‐related disorders, particularly for those variants that may alter normal pre‐mRNA splicing.
Design of a balanced dual‐band BPF with high selectivity
Authors: Zhao Mo , Xu Le , Cheng Xing Yu , Chen Wei , Wu Wei , Wei Feng
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a balanced dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with a high selectivity and intrinsic common‐mode (CM) suppression is presented. The proposed balanced BPF consists of balanced stepped‐impedance microstrip‐slotline transition (BSIMST) structures and two pairs of half‐wavelength split‐ring resonators (SRRs). The designed SRRs can generate two differential‐mode (DM) passbands. By adjusting the widths and lengths of SRRs and the gaps between them, the bandwidths of the two DM passbands can be controlled easily. In order to enhance the filtering performance, the cross coupling and parallel coupling structures are applied to generate transmission zeros (TZs) in this design. Meanwhile, the adoption of source‐load coupling introduces one more TZ, which can improve the selectivity of the DM passbands further. Meanwhile, a good CM suppression is obtained by employing symmetrical BSIMST, which is independent from the DM passbands. Therefore, the design procedure can be significantly simplified. Finally, a balanced dual‐band BPF centered at 1.58 and 2.44 GHz is fabricated and measured to verify the feasibility of the proposed design. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is observed.
Metabolic Complications Occur More Frequently in Older Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Solomon Diana M. , Hollands James M. , Pontiggia Laura , Delic Justin J. , Bingham Angela L.
Published: June 2020

Background

The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Guidelines for Parenteral Nutrition in Geriatric Patients state metabolic complications are more frequent in elderly patients. However, literature provides limited information about metabolic complications in older patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the development of metabolic complications in older vs younger patients receiving PN.

Methods

Patients receiving PN from May 1, 2014, to February 7, 2017, at Cooper University Hospital were included. Metabolic complications assessed included acid‐base disturbances, hepatic complications, hypercapnia, hyperchloremia, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypochloremia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and refeeding syndrome.

Results

595 patients were included (older group [≥65 years]: n = 245, median age: 76 years; younger group [<65 years]: n = 350, median age: 53 years]. Certain characteristics were similar between groups (female, 51%; mean body mass index of 28; critically ill, 34%; central PN, 97%; median duration of PN, 7 days; mean energy provision PN, 25.4 kcal/kg/d; mean dextrose infusion rate, 2.31 mg/kg/min). Overall, metabolic complications developed in 58% of patients and occurred more frequently in older vs younger patients (65.7% vs 53.4%; P = .003). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated increased odds of metabolic complications in the older group (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.014–2.375).

Conclusions

Older hospitalized patients are more likely to develop a metabolic complication during their PN course than younger patients. This study heightens awareness that patients of advanced age are subject to metabolic complications; practitioners should anticipate and resolve complications in a timely manner.
Extinction of experience: The need to be more specific
Authors: Gaston Kevin J. , Soga Masashi
Published: June 2020

Extinction of experience, the progressive loss of human–nature interactions, may prove to be one of the key environmental concepts of our times. Not only does this loss reduce the important benefits that people gain from these interactions, but it may also undermine their support for pro‐biodiversity policies and management actions, and thus play an important role in shaping the future of biodiversity.

Here, to help improve understanding, encourage a more consistent approach and highlight research gaps, we consider some of the key features of the concept of extinction of experience, contentions that these have caused and propose some solutions.

We focus particularly on the importance of (a) the definition of nature employed; (b) whether direct or other human–nature interactions are considered; (c) the differences between the loss and the extinction of experience; (d) the timing of the loss of interactions that is considered and (e) the difference between human–nature interactions and human–nature experiences.

Differentiating between narrow and broad senses of nature, between childhood and lifelong timings, and between interactions and experiences leads to a typology of eight different forms of extinction of experience. Such a classification can be useful for targeting research, furthering understanding of the processes and dynamics of the extinction of experience, and developing policies to reduce this phenomenon and minimize its negative consequences.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Microdissection—An Essential Prerequisite for Spatial Cancer Omics
Authors: von Eggeling Ferdinand , Hoffmann Franziska
Published: June 2020

The problem with cancer tissue is that its intratumoral heterogeneity and its complexity is extremely high as cells possess, depending on their location and function, different mutations, different mRNA expression and the highest intricacy in the protein pattern. Prior to genomic and proteomic analyses, it is therefore indispensable to identify the exact part of the tissue or even the exact cell. Laser‐based microdissection is a tried and tested technique able to produce pure and well‐defined cell material for further analysis with proteomic and genomic techniques. It sheds light on the heterogeneity of cancer or other complex diseases and enables the identification of biomarkers. This review aims to raise awareness for the reconsideration of laser‐based microdissection and seeks to present current state‐of‐the‐art combinations with omic techniques.
Rapid, catalyst‐free crosslinking of silicones using triazines
Authors: Fatona Ayodele , Osamudiamen Andrew , Moran‐Mirabal Jose , Brook Michael A.
Published: June 2020

Silicone elastomers are a class of polymers that are typically cured with metal‐based catalysts. There is a need to reduce the presence of metals in polymers for both cost and environmental reasons. We describe the preparation of amino‐triazinyl silicone networks that are readily formed, without catalysts, from aminopropyl silicones and cyanuric chloride or, more practicably, a pre‐modified dichlorotriazinyl silicone (a masterbatch). The amine groups serve both as nucleophiles leading to crosslinks and to neutralize the HCl byproduct of the reaction. Elastomer properties, ranging from very soft gels to rigid elastomers, could be controlled simply by choice of the telechelic or pendant aminopropylsilicones that were added to the masterbatch. The presence of amines and ammonium ions in the products do not significantly affect the high stability of the elastomers toward hydrolytic or thermal oxidative stress.
Glufosinate‐ammonium: a review of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Takano Hudson K , Dayan Franck E
Published: June 2020

Glufosinate is a key herbicide to manage glyphosate‐resistant weeds mainly because it is a broad‐spectrum herbicide, and transgenic glufosinate‐resistant crops are available. Although glufosinate use has increased exponentially over the past decade, the treated area with this herbicide is far less than that with glyphosate. This is because glufosinate often provides inconsistent performance in the field, which is attributed to several factors including environmental conditions, application technology, and weed species. Glufosinate is also highly hydrophilic and does not translocate well in plants, generally providing poor control of grasses and perennial species. In the soil, glufosinate is rapidly degraded by microorganisms, leaving no residual activity. While there have been concerns regarding glufosinate toxicology, its proper use can be considered safe. Glufosinate is a fast‐acting herbicide that was first discovered as a natural product, and is the only herbicide presently targeting glutamine synthetase. The mode of action of glufosinate has been controversial, and the causes for the rapid phytotoxicity have often been attributed to ammonia accumulation. Recent studies indicate that the contact activity of glufosinate results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Glufosinate disrupts both photorespiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis, leading to photoreduction of molecular oxygen, which generates reactive oxygen species. The new understanding of the mode of action provided new ideas to improve the herbicidal activity of glufosinate. Finally, a very few weed species have evolved glufosinate resistance in the field, and the resistance mechanisms are generally not well understood requiring further investigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Discovery of novel arylthioacetic acid derivatives as 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Huang Hao , Wang Man‐Man , Shu Lei , Yan Yi‐Le , Zhang Jian‐Qiu , Liu Jian‐Min , Zhan Xiao‐Hang , Zhang Da‐Yong
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) plays an important role in addressing the issue of plant protection research. In a continuing effort to discover novel HPPD inhibitors, we adopted a bioisosterism strategy to design a series of novel arylthioacetic acid scaffold based on the previously discovered aryloxyacetic acid scaffold. This study sheds new light on the discovery of novel HPPD inhibitors.

RESULTS

The compounds A1–A30 and B1–B39 were prepared through an efficient synthetic route for in vitro and glasshouse experiments (herbicidal activities, herbicidal activity spectrum, and crop selectivity). Preliminary bioassay results reveal that these derivatives are promising Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD inhibitors, compounds A11 (Ki = 0.021 μmol L‐1) and B20 (Ki = 0.022 μmol L‐1), which exhibit similar activities to that of mesotrione (Ki = 0.020 μmol L‐1). The glasshouse experiments data indicated that compounds B34 displayed excellent herbicidal activity, which was higher compared to that of mesotrione. Moreover, molecular simulation results show that the compounds B20, B34, and mesotrione shared similar interplay with surrounding residues, which led to a perfect interaction with the active site of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD. Based on herbicidal results, compound B34 was selected for crop selectivity studies (corn injury ≤ 10%), indicating its potential for weed control in corn fields.

CONCLUSION

These bioassay results showed that the compound B34 could be used as a possible lead compound for the development of HPPD inhibitors. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of Manganese Substitution on Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Pradhani Neeha , Mahapatra Prasanta Kumar , Choudhary Ram Naresh Prasad
Published: June 2020

Manganese (Mn)‐modified bismuth potassium titanate, i.e., Bi0.5K0.5Ti1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), compounds are fabricated by a mixed‐oxide method. The Rietveld analyses of X‐ray diffraction data and the Raman spectroscopy support the formation of the compounds in the tetragonal phase. The crystallite and the grain size are found to be higher for compounds having more oxygen vacancies. With increase in Mn concentration, the bulk resistance decreases drastically and the energy bandgap reduces. The dielectric constant increases substantially with substitution of Mn. The analysis of complex impedance spectroscopy confirms the non‐Debye‐type relaxation mechanisms in the compounds. Based on the activation energy of the conduction process, analysis of leakage current, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) data, the ionization of oxygen vacancy and the hopping of trapped electrons between multivalent Ti and Mn ions in electrical properties of the compounds are discussed. The compounds follow the correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. While the leakage current in Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 fits the Poole–Frenkel model, that in Mn‐substituted samples exhibits Ohmic conduction mechanism.
Heteroepitaxial (111) ZnGa2O4 Thin Films Grown on (00.1) Sapphire by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Luo Sijun , Harrington George F. , Wu Kuan-Ting , Lippert Thomas
Published: June 2020

Heteroepitaxial ZnGa2O4 thin films grown on sapphire substrates would be preferable for fundamental studies on properties of this material for device applications. To achieve near‐stoichiometric ZnGa2O4 epitaxial thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), the severe loss of Zn must be overcome. Herein, the fabrication and characterization of epitaxial (111) ZnGa2O4 thin films grown on (00.1) sapphire substrates by PLD using a Zn0.97Ga0.03O target are reported. A deposition temperature of 750 °C and a laser fluence of 3.5 J cm−2 are suitable for growing near‐stoichiometric ZnGa2O4 film. The in‐plane orientation relationship is identified to be ZnGa2O4//[11.0] Al2O3. A 14.2 nm thick (111) ZnGa2O4 epitaxial thin film with a Zn/Ga atomic ratio of about 0.47 shows a narrow full width at half maximum value for the rocking curve of 0.1° and a direct optical bandgap of 4.9 eV.
Decellularized skeletal muscles display neurotrophic effects in three-dimensional organotypic cultures
Authors: Raffa Paolo , Scattolini Valentina , Gerli Mattia Francesco Maria , Perin Silvia , Cui Meihua , De Coppi Paolo , Elvassore Nicola , Caccin Paola , Luni Camilla , Urciuolo Anna
Published: June 2020

Skeletal muscle decellularization allows the generation of natural scaffolds that retain the extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical integrity, biological activity, and three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the native tissue. Recent reports showed that in vivo implantation of decellularized muscles supports muscle regeneration in volumetric muscle loss models, including nervous system and neuromuscular junctional homing. Since the nervous system plays pivotal roles during skeletal muscle regeneration and in tissue homeostasis, support of reinnervation is a crucial aspect to be considered. However, the effect of decellularized muscles on reinnervation and on neuronal axon growth has been poorly investigated. Here, we characterized residual protein composition of decellularized muscles by mass spectrometry and we show that scaffolds preserve structural proteins of the ECM of both skeletal muscle and peripheral nervous system. To investigate whether decellularized scaffolds could per se attract neural axons, organotypic sections of spinal cord were cultured three dimensionally in vitro, in presence or in absence of decellularized muscles. We found that neural axons extended from the spinal cord are attracted by the decellularized muscles and penetrate inside the scaffolds upon 3D coculture. These results demonstrate that decellularized scaffolds possess intrinsic neurotrophic properties, supporting their potential use for the treatment of clinical cases where extensive functional regeneration of the muscle is required.
A Green Recycling Process for Lead Refining Waste
Authors: Morcali Mehmet H.
Published: June 2020

Nearly 80% of metallic lead is used in the production of lead battery over the world. There is a need for efficient extraction process in order to provide a sustainable production since lead has an importance in the economy. The aim of the study was to present a green recycling process for lead waste generated from lead refining process (i. e. Colcord process‐ copper removing method). The purpose was to obtain higher extraction yield with lower energy consumption to leach lead from the refining waste. For this purpose, the extraction experiments were studied in order to examine the following effects; particle size, lixiviant concentration, agitation speed, S/L ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and the effect of common anion. Almost 99% lead extraction was achieved by using dilute ferric nitrate at 55 °C for 12 hours under ambient pressure condition. Furthermore, the addition of common ions was examined in order to increase the percentage of lead extraction. Unfortunately, the addition of common ions showed negative effect on lead extraction. The proposed green and sustainable chemical process played a significant role in lead waste recycling in terms of supporting secondary lead stock or demand.