bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Challenges to Data Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Afedzie Richard , Quansah Fidelis , Atta-Panin James
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores the numerous challenges impacting data management in the fourth industrial revolution. It highlights the importance of data management in the era of technological and industrial development in the 21st century business world. It draws attention to the value of countries enacting policies and reforms to curtail the rate of cyber-crimes and hacking into sensitive information of organisations whose operations occur significantly in the cyber realms. Much focus is given to the literature on legal policies enacted in many Western nations to prevent and minimize the consequences of data breaches. It draws attention to the benefits of effective data management in organisations and the key reasons considerable focus should be given to it from national governments across the globe.
Zimbabwe's E-Government Readiness and Adoption of Cloud-Based Records Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Tsvuura Godfrey , Mutsau Shepard , Mbawuya Kudzai Dorcas
Published: July 2021

Zimbabwe is one of the developing countries striving to reach a middle economy status by year 2030. In its bid to achieve this vision, it has adopted an electronic government strategy (e-government strategy) where government business is done electronically. An e-government strategy is a plan for e-government systems and their supporting infrastructure, which maximises the ability of government to achieve its objective of Vision 2030. An e-government strategy must give direction where the government is going, its goals, vision, mission, and some implementation guidelines. In order to reach this objective, the government has to become more accountable and transparent on its journey to Vision 2030, and one of its key drivers is proper records and archives management. Properly managed electronic government records bring about accountability, transparency, and good governance.
A Typology of Conscious Decision Making for Service-Learning Field Experiences
Authors: Meidl Tynisha D. , Saal Leah Katherine , Sulentic Dowell Margaret-Mary
Published: July 2021

In this concluding chapter, the authors, who are service-learning and teacher education scholars, present a typology of service-learning field experiences as a means of considering how and why service-learning field experiences are included as teacher preparation. The typology is a way to examine and inform the critical decision-making process when planning, implementing, and assessing service-learning field experiences. This chapter is a departure from other chapters in this edited volume, but its purpose is to extend the conversations all chapters inspire, which is to include service-learning as a form of community-engaged pedagogy and scholarship that endorses, represents, and promotes culturally responsive practice. The authors presume it is impossible to create a complete and comprehensive taxonomy of service-learning as community-engaged work continues to evolve. The typological structure can be used to identify, define, and describe the nuanced applications salient in service-learning field experiences within teacher education.
Fostering Culturally Inclusive Family and School Collaboration Within the African American “Community”
Authors: Williams York
Published: July 2021

Public schools are vested with the responsibility of meeting the needs of all students. However, the literature continues to evolve demonstrating patterns of disparities within predominately African American school communities and challenges with school and home partnerships. Students who have been identified with special education needs are at an even greater risk of failure because of ineffective services that are often the result of parents or caretakers who lack the capital, knowledge, and skills to advocate for them for many complex reasons. In order to meet the needs of this historically marginalized group within the field of special education, schools must adopt a posture of culturally responsive inclusivity and family collaboration within the African American school community. This collaboration entails (1) culturally responsive collaboration, (2) culturally responsive teaching, (3) strong family partnerships, (4) culturally responsive communication, and (5) family-centered school-based services for diverse families and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students.
Social Presence and Cultural Identity
Authors: Simunich Bethany , Grincewicz Amy M.
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores the impact of cultural identity on social presence in online courses, as well as culturally-responsive instructional design frameworks that work to increase social presence and reduce distance for culturally diverse online learners. Social presence, which is a student's sense of being and belonging in a course, is naturally reduced in the online environment. Cultural differences, such as language, context, communication styles, etc., have been shown to further reduce a student's sense of belonging and increase feelings of isolation. Instructors, as course designers and facilitators, must understand the impact of culture on their students' sense of social presence, and use culturally-responsive instructional design strategies and methods to provide an inclusive, flexible, online learning environment.
Sustaining Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices
Authors: Revell Michael D.
Published: July 2021

Just as the design, delivery, and development of culturally responsive teaching are constantly informed by di-unital, both/and, mindfulness, this, then, means that restorative practices are, also, capable of developing a similar intersubjectivity. Moving restorative practices beyond the dichotomous underuse of being designed, delivered, and developed apart from conveying academic instruction allows this body of work, presented here, to instead evoke cultural responsiveness to inter-subjectively filter restorative practices within instructional planning, instructional preparation and instructional delivery. Doing so conveys academic content “through” restorative practices while restorative practices simultaneously happen “with” learners of color.
Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks for CRT Pedagogy
Authors: Kilburn Michelle , Radu Monica Bixby , Henckell Martha
Published: July 2021

Online courses have the ability to connect learners and faculty from across the globe. Understanding the role of diversity as it relates to the pedagogical development of courses is crucial for student success. Faculty are responsible for making authentic connections with students and cultivating an inclusive learning environment. Prior research suggests that this may be achieved through culturally responsive teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to define culturally responsive teaching, discuss the importance and role of intersectionality considerations, and suggest pedagogical best practices and guidelines.
Understanding Culturally Responsive Play Through Drama-Based Pedagogy
Authors: McCartney Holly B. , Streeter Joshua Rashon , Bodle Aaron T.
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, the authors outline three critical professional and ethical considerations for school leaders in early childhood settings to consider when examining the importance of including play in early childhood curricula. Beginning with an exploration of the critical role play serves in the lives of young children and positing that fundamentally, play is broadly supported across the domains of early childhood through theoretical and empirical work as well as more recent scientific support from neurological research. The authors outline a broader definition of play beyond a Eurocentric vision, and the ways in which school administrators can and should view play as culturally responsive pedagogy through the use of drama-based pedagogy.
The Music Educator's Unique Sphere of Influence
Authors: Kuehne Jane M.
Published: July 2021

Music educators often teach every child in school. This is especially true in elementary settings and often true in K-12 school settings. In addition, they teach students for many years. As a result, they can play a critical role in their students' personal as well as educational development. This chapter provides an overview of culturally responsive practices related to several areas including critical race theory, restorative justice, racism, challenges in music education, pre-service teacher development, changing schools, and data from the author's previously unpublished study on pre-service educator views. In addition, this chapter provides suggested actions that music teacher educators must embrace to help develop the most responsive music educators.
Exploring Cultural Responsiveness in Literacy Tutoring
Authors: Skelley Dana L. , Stevens Margie L. , Anderson Rebecca S.
Published: July 2021

Embracing a culturally responsive teaching pedagogy in classrooms is one means for addressing literacy inequities with students of color. Afterschool literacy tutoring is another means of addressing these inequities, but little is known about implementing culturally responsive teaching in afterschool environments. This qualitative case study explored how cultural differences impacted an urban elementary afterschool literacy tutoring program. Grounded in participatory literacy theory, the authors conclude that it is normal for cultural differences to occur and cause disruptions during tutoring; however, culturally responsive teaching can mitigate these interruptions through developing caring relationships, creating a safe learning environment, implementing a participatory student-centered curriculum using online resources, and critiquing social inequalities. The discussion offers seven principles of culturally responsive teaching to use in literacy instructional environments.
How to Be Interculturally Responsive to Your English Language Learners' Writing Needs
Authors: Jones Kathryn , Mixon Jason R.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of intercultural responsiveness (IR) in conjunction with taking an extensive inquiry into the three IR components. The knowledge of and strategies for cultural awareness, intercultural sensitivity, and cultural responsiveness are presented to edify and cultivate teachers of English language learners. With the foundational background of IR, educators will then be able to support their ELLs while they learn the writing process. It is understood from seminal research that all students that are learning to write will proceed within a prescribed sequence; additionally, the language learners will follow phases of second language acquisition (SLA) in their own progression. This chapter will review the phases of SLA, the five-step writing process resulting in recommendations that will benefit ELLs, and enhancements in pedagogy for teachers to subsist their instructional practices.
Modeling a Culturally Responsive Mindset
Authors: Dunston Yolanda L. , Jones Patience N.
Published: July 2021

To address the rapidly changing cultural demographic of the United States, educator preparation programs must guide future teachers to create welcoming and equitable classroom communities that establish diverse cultural contexts as the norm and address culture not as an add-on but infused in natural, authentic ways throughout the school year. This chapter provides a rationale for implementing culturally responsive pedagogy by addressing the concept of cultural competence and then offering strategies for creating a welcoming classroom that recognizes and values the whole child and creates an overall positive school culture that promotes inclusion and fosters success for all. Moreover, the chapter addresses the importance of modeling dispositions at the EPP level for normalizing culturally responsive practices so that preservice and beginning teachers will naturally and routinely recognize and employ strategies that make all students feel seen, embraced, and worthy.
Inspiring Teacher Candidates to Embrace Cultural Diversity
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons , McConnell-Farmer Judith Lynne
Published: July 2021

One of the challenges facing teachers in the United States is providing high-quality education for all students met in the classroom, including those who too often are underserved: students of color, low-income students, English-language learners, as well as students in urban and rural settings. Teachers report feeling unprepared and lack confidence in teaching students from culturally different backgrounds from themselves. This chapter suggests that in addition to becoming certified teachers, teacher candidates need to be inspired by teacher educators who are passionate about cultural learning and willing to share their own journey. Through sharing, teacher educators can provide practices that build cultural knowledge and increase cultural experiences of teacher candidates.
Supporting Faculty in Culturally Responsive Online Teaching
Authors: Artze-Vega Isis , Delgado Patricia Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Only recently have we begun to ask what it means for online educators to work at proactively establishing culturally responsive pedagogy and learning experiences in their online classrooms. This chapter contributes to this dialogue by focusing on upon the work of those charged with supporting faculty: faculty developers, including instructional designers. After examining the current state of faculty development in the area of culturally responsive pedagogy online and the challenges therein, the authors offer an institutional case study illustrating several mechanisms through which one substantial Hispanic-serving institution has supported faculty in this critical, challenging work. Although faculty development regarding cultural responsiveness is fraught with challenges, this chapter illustrates manners in which the intersection of online professional development and cultural responsiveness brings powerful opportunities to engage and empower both faculty and students, and shares recommendations for doing so.
Considering Diversity in L2 Teacher Education
Authors: Dion Sheri K.
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents a discussion of how teacher candidates can develop an awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and supports students of diverse backgrounds in second language (L2) teaching. Buoyed with a narrative inquiry involving 17 L2 teachers at one independent secondary school in the Northeastern United States, Geneva Gay's culturally responsive teaching is recast, integrating cultural, racial, and ethnic diversity in L2 curricula. Although many teacher participants reported incorporating student background as a resource in informal ways, few teachers (3 of 17) reported formally integrating activities into L2 curricula that supported students in this way. This finding suggests that knowledge of the relevance of student diversity as a resource may also be underrepresented in L2 practices, and implications for L2 teaching and teacher candidates are discussed. Following this examination, the chapter offers a guiding activity that teacher candidates can develop to explore diversity and inform teaching practices.
Green Building Efficiency and Sustainability Indicators
Authors: Danish Mir Sayed Shah , Senjyu Tomonobu Shah
Published: July 2021

A rapid change in technology trend and lifestyle around the globe has induced a drastic increase in energy production, delivery, distribution, and consumption. That forced building planners, designers, scholars, researchers, and practitioners to come up with a sustainable solution within constrained economic and environmental dimensions. With a proper definition and usage of efficiency and sustainability dimensions in terms of green building design and construction, global challenges (global warming, climate change, poverty, global health and education, etc.) can be mitigated, leading to long-run sustainability. This chapter presents indicators to define, manage, measure, and enhance efficiency and sustainability phenomena for proposing a green building. A primary objective of this study is to identify influencing factors and set forth viable indicators and framework in terms of energy-efficient green building from different standpoints hiring innovative tangible and non-tangible tools and technique.
3XE
Authors: Rynska Elzbieta Dagny
Published: July 2021

For designers proceeding with work in accordance with nZEB, management strategy means that participants of different disciplines have to accept that surrounding environment parameters are in constant interaction with design. This further points out the necessity to understand the correlations taking place between local and existing environments, when buildings should be fitted out with systems working in interaction between the local and general biosphere parameters. Hence, within the construction business, such development means integrated proceedings in all design phases and construction sphere itself, integration of the artificial systems allowing for the buildings function and parameters characteristic to the local surroundings. This condition also applies to nZEB buildings, except that the parameters are more limited to passive and active solutions used for achieving effective energy choices, while maintaining required user comfort parameters and environmental balance. This chapter is dedicated to management procedures for nZEB investments from a Polish perspective.
Green Retrofit Energy Efficiency Potential on Existing Building Envelope for Residential and Non-Residential Building
Authors: Staiger Robert
Published: July 2021

The chapter deals with the green energetic consideration of today's building envelopes for residential and non-residential buildings. It investigates the energetic effects the envelopes have on energy efficiency, energy consumption, material use, sustainable use of resources, lifetime considerations, economic and ecological impact. Today's it is estimated that approximately 30% of the annual primary energy demand for residential and non-residential buildings is needed. Energy resources for heat, electricity, air conditioning and cooling purposes, fossil fuels in form of gas and liquid are predominantly used.
Green Architecture of Malay Traditional House Exhibitions
Authors: Cheong Chew Boon , Hamid Mohd Syaiful Rizal Abd , Isa Saifuddin
Published: July 2021

Mini Malaysia and ASEAN Cultural Park (MMACP) is one of the tourism spots in Melaka which showcases the Malay traditional houses from thirteen states in Malaysia. Most of the visitors viewing the houses depicting the culture of each states. Contrarily we revisited the park with a curiosity and we would like to know, “How far these Malay traditional houses portray the green architecture?” We designed this research in an exploratory, looking the Malay traditional houses found in MMACP and trace for their green architectural criteria. Through observation, we analysed the data from our field notes, photos, description found on the park's storyboards and explanations from the tour guides. We can conclude that the Malay traditional houses are green buildings that portray green architecture. From this research, we appreciate our forefathers' skills and wisdom, to build the houses that harmonise with the environment.
Rethinking Waste Through Design
Authors: O'Donnell Caroline , Pranger Dillon
Published: July 2021

This chapter will study the proliferation of architectural follies that use recycled or recyclable materials in a move to promote better practices in waste and recycling. Given the slow uptake of this impetus in the architectural world proper, the text will investigate the obstacles in engaging in materially sustainable practices in the construction industry as well as case studies for rethinking currently problematic materials. However, while some improvements have been made in the construction industry's use of recycled materials, the industry often dismisses the afterlife of materials used throughout the process. What are the motivations of the industry and how can we incentivize circular thinking in an industry that produces hundreds of millions of tons of waste per year in the US?
Toxicity in Architectural Plastics
Authors: Trubiano Franca
Published: July 2021

The building industry lacks a holistic and integrated method for assessing the possible human health risks attendant to using materials that have been verified as toxic. In particular, it lacks an open-source, interactive interface for measuring the health risks associated with sourcing, manufacturing, selecting, installing, using, maintaining, and disposing of building-based polymers. Because of their high degree of chemical synthesis, polymers are typically more toxic than wood, glass, or concrete; yet architects, engineers, builders, clients, and the general public remain poorly informed about the deadly accumulation of synthetic polymers that originate in the building industry and that pervade our air, water, and bodies. This question should be central to the very definition and practice of life-cycle assessment, and this chapter outlines a process for developing an industry-based life-cycle index of human health in building (LCI-HHB). After all, traditional LCAs are of little help to anyone not healthy enough to enjoy them.
Political Economy of the Green Innovations in the Construction Industry
Authors: Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: July 2021

Green innovations are important in enhancing sustainability performance of the industries and of their outputs. They can influence the carbon emissions, energy efficiency of the industries affecting global green trade, and energy policies. Construction industry is one of the main industries contributing to the global economy and sustainable development. It has, however, bigger environmental footprint than majority of the other industries. Green innovations can contribute to the reduction in the environmental footprint of the construction industry. For this reason, green innovation in the construction industry needs to be supported by the effective policies. This chapter aims to introduce and investigate the political economy of the green innovations in the construction industry. This chapter emphasizes that the effectiveness of the green innovations in the construction industry can be fostered by effective political economy and strategies.
Standardization Efforts in Small Businesses
Authors: Tan Ying Yan
Published: July 2021

Services are products or ways businesses differentiate from others to attract customers. Characteristics of service, which include intangibility, perishability, and dependence on individuals who perform the services, make it valuable asset and competitive advantage to firm when well-managed. It is crucial for quality services to be preserved through standardization though there are different individuals who bring customers through service experiences. Service standardization involves consistency in work processes, attitudes, and ability to create similar experiences to customers who patronage the firm. The author believes that standardization of manpower quality is a way to service standardization. Standardization efforts can be found in many flexible practices in small enterprises, which are thought to be peculiar ways small firms survive competition. The conceptual paper covered questions from the author about service standardization, which will lead to future studies to go behind the scene of service standardization efforts in SMEs and their impacts on Malaysian small firms.
Ensemble Feature Selection for the Recognition of Human Activities and Postural Transitions on Smartphones
Authors: Ramanujam Elangovan , Padmavathi S. , Baskar L. Amreesh , Niwin P.
Published: July 2021

Human activity recognition (HAR) plays a vital role in the field of ambient assisted living for the welfare of senior citizens which provides satisfactory results in terms of wearable devices, ambient sensors, and smartphones. The usage of smartphones is familiar among users and it is widely adopted in activity recognition due to its low-cost, intrusiveness, and convenience. The embedded inertial sensors such as tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscopes are utilized to analyze the activities through the generated time and frequency domain features. Various state-of-the-art techniques have been proposed for significant feature selection to improve recognition performances. This paper proposes an ensemble of feature selection technique which selects minimal features from the intersection of features evolved in various other feature selection techniques. Extensive experimentation has been carried out using the HAPT dataset to identify the significant difference with state-of-the-art techniques through familiar classification performance metrics.
Citrullination Alters the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of the Host Defense Peptide Canine Cathelicidin K9CATH In Vitro
Authors: Al Adwani Salma , Padhi Avinash , Karadottir Harpa , Mörman Cecilia , Gräslund Astrid , Végvári Ákos , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna , Agerberth Birgitta , Bergman Peter
Published: July 2021

K9CATH is the sole cathelicidin in canines (dogs) and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. K9CATH also modulates inflammatory responses and binds to LPS. These activities depend on the secondary structure and a net-positive charge of the peptide. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) convert cationic peptidyl arginine to neutral citrulline. Thus, we hypothesized that citrullination is a biologically relevant modification of the peptide that would reduce the antibacterial and LPS-binding activities of K9CATH. Recombinant PAD2 and PAD4 citrullinated K9CATH to various extents and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that both native and citrullinated K9CATH exhibited similar α-helical secondary structures. Notably, citrullination of K9CATH reduced its bactericidal activity, abolished its ability to permeabilize the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reduced the hemolytic capacity. Electron microscopy showed that citrullinated K9CATH did not cause any morphological changes of Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the native peptide caused clear alterations of membrane integrity, concordant with a rapid bactericidal effect. Finally, citrullination of K9CATH impaired its capacity to inhibit LPS-mediated release of proinflammatory molecules from mouse and canine macrophages. In conclusion, citrullination attenuates the antibacterial and the LPS-binding properties of K9CATH, demonstrating the importance of a net positive charge for antibacterial lysis of bacteria and LPS-binding effects and suggests that citrullination is a means to regulate cathelicidin activities.
HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4 Is Required for Antifungal Innate Immunity
Authors: Nuro-Gyina Patrick K , Tang Na , Guo Hui , Yan Chengkai , Zeng Qiuming , Waldschmidt Thomas J , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2021

Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans, and disseminated candidiasis has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections with a high mortality rate. However, little is known about the host–pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Here, we report that Nedd4 (neuronal precursor cell–expressed developmentally downregulated 4) is essential for signaling through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2/3. We showed that mice that lack Nedd4 globally or only in the myeloid compartment are highly susceptible to systemic C. albicans infection, which correlates with heightened organ fungal burden, defective inflammatory response, impaired leukocyte recruitment to the kidneys, and defective reactive oxygen species expression by granulocytes. At the molecular level, Nedd4−/− macrophages displayed impaired activation of TGF-β–activating kinase-1 and NF-κB, but normal activation of spleen tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C-δ on C. albicans yeast and hyphal infections. These data suggest that Nedd4 regulates signaling events downstream of protein kinase C-δ but upstream of or at TGF-β–activating kinase-1.
Contribution of Antibody-Mediated Effector Functions to the Mechanism of Efficacy of Vaccines for Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Huseby Kelcher April M , Baehr Carly A , Hamid Fatima A , Hart Geoffrey T , Pravetoni Marco
Published: July 2021

Vaccines and mAbs offer promising strategies to treat substance use disorders (SUDs) and prevent overdose. Despite vaccines and mAbs against SUDs demonstrating proof of efficacy, selectivity, and safety in animal models, it is unknown whether the mechanism of action of these immunotherapeutics relies exclusively on the formation of Ab/drug complexes, or also involves Ab-mediated effector functions. Hence, this study tested whether the efficacy of active and passive immunization against drugs of abuse requires phagocytosis, the intact Fc portion of the anti-drug Ab, FcγRs, or the neonatal FcR (FcRn). The efficacy of a lead vaccine against oxycodone was not diminished in mice after depletion of macrophages or granulocytes. Anti-oxycodone F(ab′)2 fragments resulted in lower serum levels of F(ab′)2 compared with intact mAbs, and F(ab′)2s were not as effective as the parent mAbs in reducing distribution of oxycodone to the brain. The efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against oxycodone was preserved in either FcγIII or FcγI–IV ablated mice, suggesting that FcγRs are not required for Ab efficacy. Finally, both active and passive immunization against oxycodone in FcRn−/− mice yielded reduced efficacy compared with wild-type control mice. These data identified a role for FcRn, but not for phagocytosis or Fc-dependent effector functions, in mediating the efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against SUD. This study supports rational design of vaccines and mAbs engineered for maximal neutralization activity and optimal FcRn binding.
Confidence and Knowledge of Athletic Trainers in Managing Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Zambarano Erika K. , Bazett-Jones David M. , de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Barton Christian J. , Glaviano Neal R.
Published: July 2021

Context

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is prevalent and challenging to manage. Most patients with PFP are unsatisfied with their knee function at 6 months after treatment and report ongoing pain up to 16 years after diagnosis. The confidence and knowledge of athletic trainers (ATs) in providing evidence-based care to people with PFP is unknown.

Objective

To investigate the confidence and knowledge of ATs in the diagnosis, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment with current evidence for PFP.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patient or Other Participants

A random sample of 3000 ATs were invited to participate; 261 completed the survey (10% participation rate, 88% completion rate).

Main Outcome Measures(s)

We surveyed AT demographics, confidence in PFP management, and knowledge related to diagnosis, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment. The confidence and knowledge of ATs in managing PFP was assessed. Their beliefs about evidence were compared with the available evidence (ie, consensus statements, position statements, systematic reviews).

Results

Of the ATs surveyed, 91% were confident that their management of PFP aligned with the current evidence, but only 59% were confident in identifying risk factors for PFP development. In addition, 91% to 92% of ATs agreed that quadriceps and hip muscle weakness were risk factors for PFP, which aligns with the current evidence for the former but not the latter. Moreover, 93% to 97% of ATs' responses related to therapeutic exercise aligned with current evidence. However, 35% to 48% supported the use of passive treatments, such as electrophysical agents and ultrasound, which did not align with the current evidence.

Conclusions

Most ATs were aware of supporting evidence for therapeutic exercise in PFP management and were confident providing it, creating a strong foundation for evidence-based care. However, varying levels of awareness of the evidence related to risk factors and passive treatments for PFP highlight the need for professional development initiatives to better align ATs' knowledge with the current evidence.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Cross-Country: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L.
Published: July 2021

Context

Women's cross-country is a thriving sport at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level with over 1000 sponsored programs association-wide.

Background

Routine examinations of women's cross-country injuries are important for identifying emerging time trends in injury incidence and outcomes.

Methods

Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results

The overall injury rate was 3.96 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Most reported injuries were inflammatory conditions (33.6%), strains (17.7%), and fractures (9.1%). The most commonly reported injuries were medial tibial stress syndrome (10.0%) and lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains; 4.2%).

Findings of this study were not entirely consistent with existing evidence. Future studies are needed to examine the nature of inflammatory conditions and fractures in this population, as well as temporal patterns in commonly reported injuries.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Lacrosse: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: D'Alonzo Bernadette A. , Bretzin Abigail C. , Chandran Avinash , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. , Morris Sarah N.
Published: July 2021

Context

The popularity of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's lacrosse has been steadily increasing since the early 1980s.

Background

Injury surveillance is an important tool to aid in identifying emerging patterns of sport-related injury in NCAA men's lacrosse.

Methods

Injury data collected from a sample of men's lacrosse teams through the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for the academic years 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Athlete exposures were estimated and computed based on collected exposure data. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate differences in injury rates.

Results

The overall injury rate was 4.90 per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs), and the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (IRR = 2.59; 95% CI = 2.35, 2.84). The overall preseason injury rate was higher than the regular and postseason injury rates. The most reported injuries were concussions (8.0%), ankle sprains (7.7%), and hamstring tears (6.9%).

Conclusions

Study findings were comparable with existing epidemiological evidence. The overall burden of concussions and lower extremity injuries warrant further attention in this population.
Complications after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in Isfahan during February to May 2016
Authors: Ghafournia Maryam , Eshghi Alireza , Mosleh Hamid , Iranmanesh Pedram
Published: July 2021

Background:

Children undergoing dental rehabilitations by general anesthesia (GA) commonly experience postoperative symptoms such as pain, fever, sore throat, and sleepiness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific complications of pediatric dental GA procedure.

Materials and Methods:

In this observational study sample included 72 children attending GA for dental treatment at the School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Children with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and without any communication or mental health problems were included. GA protocol was standardized. A number of complications were recorded by parents via filling a questionnaire for 2 days postoperatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software by Wilcoxon and Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 considered as significant level.

Results:

The most postoperative nonpsychological complications were dental pain (59.7 and 47.2% on days 1 and 2, respectively), followed by inability to eat normal (55.6 and 41.7% on days 1 and 2, respectively). All the patients' nonpsychological complaints had significantly decreased from day one to day two (P < 0.05). The most postoperative psychological complications were Attachments to parents (70.8 and 65.2% on days 1 and 2, respectively) followed by excessive crying (56.9 and 45.8% on days 1 and 2, respectively). All psychological complaints reduced by day two nonsignificantly except excessive crying which decreased significantly after 48 h (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

The most postoperative complications after dental rehabilitation under GA were attachments to parents, dental pain, and inability to eat normal and excessive crying, respectively.
Proposed age-stratified reference intervals of FSH derived from normozoospermic men
Authors: Waller Emily-Jane , Conceicao Jason , Matson Phillip , Yovich John L
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To demonstrate that serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in men rises with age, and to explore FSH reference intervals of age-related partitioning.

Methods:

Men aged 20-50 years (n=1 190) underwent semen analysis according to World Health Organization (2010) methods. Serum was frozen prior to measurement of FSH by using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® XP immunoassay system. FSH central 95% intervals after logarithmic transformation based on age were derived from 1 037 normozoospermic men. These were then applied to oligozoospermic and azoospermic men. Men producing azoospermic semen samples were further classified as having non-obstructive azoospermia by clinical diagnostic criteria, including genetic analysis and surgical exploration.

Results:

Serum FSH in normozoospermic men increased with age (P<0.05), and reference intervals were determined with 10-year brackets: 21-30 years [(1.0-8.2) IU/L], 31-40 years [(1.4-9.5) IU/L], 41-50 years [(1.9-12.0) IU/L]. The proportion of oligozoospermic men with normal FSH concentrations was less than the normozoospermic men, which in turn was lower among azoospermic men (both P<0.01). The azoospermic men were further broken down according to the nature of the azoospermia as either obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia, and 86.4% (38/44) men with non-obstructive azoospermia had elevated serum FSH concentrations whereas only 6.7% (1/15) men with obstructive azoospermia had high FSH levels, and this was significantly different (P<0.01).

Conclusions:

FSH concentrations increase in men between 20-50 years, and clinical interpretation of serum FSH results in men must be made by using age-based reference intervals.
Dirichlet $L$-functions of quadratic characters of prime conductor at the central point
Authors: Baluyot Siegfred , Pratt Kyle
Published: July 2021

We prove that more than nine percent of the central values

L(1/2,\chi_p)

are non-zero, where

p\equiv 1 \pmod{8}

ranges over primes and

\chi_p

is the real primitive Dirichlet character of conductor

p

. Previously, it was not known whether a positive proportion of these central values are non-zero. As a by-product, we obtain the order of magnitude of the second moment of

L(1/2,\chi_p)

, and conditionally we obtain the order of magnitude of the third moment. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we show that our lower bound for the second moment is asymptotically sharp.
Lung Ultrasound Findings of Patients with Dengue Infection: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Koyama Hiroshi , Chierakul Wirongrong , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Sanguanwongse Natpatou , Phonrat Benjaluck , Silachamroon Udomsak , Dondorp Arjen M.
Published: July 2021

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a more sensitive method of detecting pathological pulmonary changes than chest X-ray. Therefore, LUS for patients with dengue could be an important tool for the early detection of pleural effusions and pulmonary edema signifying capillary plasma leakage, which is the hallmark of severe dengue pathophysiology. We conducted a prospective observational study of pulmonary changes identifiable with LUS in dengue patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Mahidol University, Bangkok, and the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand. The LUS findings were described according to standard criteria, including the presence of A, B1, B2, and C patterns in eight chest regions and the presence of pleural effusions. From November 2017 to April 2018, 50 patients with dengue were included in the study. LUS was performed during the febrile phase for nine patients (18%) and during the critical-convalescence phase for 41 patients (82%). A total of 33 patients (66%) had at least one abnormality discovered using LUS. Abnormal LUS findings were observed more frequently during the critical-convalescence phase (N = 30/41; 73%) than during the febrile phase (N = 3/9; 33%) (P = 0.047). Abnormal aeration patterns were observed in 31 patients (62%). Only B patterns with only multiple B lines were observed in 21 patients (42%); of these patients, three had already exhibited B patterns during the febrile phase (N = 3). C patterns (N = 10; 24%), pleural effusion (N = 10; 24%), and subpleural abnormalities (N = 11; 27%) were observed only during the critical-convalescence phase. LUS can detect signs of capillary leakage, including interstitial edema and pleural effusions, early during the course of dengue.
Juiz de garantias e o princípio da jurisdição imparcial à luz da teoria da dissonância cognitiva
Authors: Segundo Antônio de Holanda Cavalcante , Melo Gabriellen Carneiro de
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho analisa a necessidade de implementação da figura do juiz de garantias no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Busca demonstrar a incompatibilidade do processo penal vigente com a garantia constitucional da jurisdição imparcial, a partir do estudo do sistema acusatório e da contribuição da teoria da dissonância cognitiva. Para tanto, discorre sobre os sistemas processuais penais e o princípio da imparcialidade da jurisdição, e sobre esta sob a ótica da teoria da dissonância cognitiva, demonstrando como o contato inicial do julgador com a prova influencia na condução de todo o processo. Conclui que, para se alcançar um sistema acusatório-democrático e imparcial, é imprescindível a implementação do juiz de garantias. O trabalho se desenvolve a partir de metodologia bibliográfica, documental, qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva.
Problemas de "imputação subjetiva” no direito penal nacional e internacional
Authors: Stuckenberg Carl-Friedrich , Ceolin Guilherme Francisco
Published: July 2021

Costuma-se dizer que doutrinas e conceitos nacionais não devem ser importados indiscriminadamente para o Direito Penal Internacional. Tal máxima está certamente correta, contudo, quais são exatamente as diferenças entre o Direito Penal nacional e o internacional, e.g., no âmbito da parte geral no que diz respeito aos elementos subjetivos do crime? Que particularidades existem entre a imputação da macrodelinquência em comparação com os crimes “comuns”? Este ensaio identifica três problemas clássicos relativos aos elementos subjetivos do crime em que algumas dessas particularidades existem. A investigação, no entanto, não exclui a possibilidade de que o Direito Penal Internacional possa aprender com as doutrinas do Direito Penal desenvolvidas nacionalmente.
Lei penal no tempo e crimes tributários materiais: considerações sobre parcelamento e prescrição
Authors: Prates Felipe Machado
Published: July 2021

O artigo analisa criticamente posicionamentos adotados ao longo da última década no Supremo Tribunal Federal, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça e no Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região sobre a questão da lei penal no tempo, especificamente, casos envolvendo a prescrição e o parcelamento em processos de crimes tributários materiais. As reflexões e as críticas levantadas partem da ideia da existência de uma obrigatória vinculação entre o princípio da legalidade, o tempo do crime e a teoria da atividade, propondo-se, também com base nesses fundamentos, uma restrição das interpretações cabíveis acerca do que dispõe a Súmula Vinculante nº 24.
A Predictive Control Model for Master Slave Robotic Manipulator with RBF Neural Network
Authors: Lei Youjian
Published: July 2021

In recent years, manipulator control has been widely concerned, and its uncertainty is one of the focuses. As we all know, the manipulator is a MIMO nonlinear system, which has the characteristics of severe variable coupling, large time-varying amplitude of parameters and high degree of nonlinearity. Therefore, a lot of uncertain factors must be considered when designing the control algorithm of manipulator system. The predictive control algorithm adopts online rolling optimization, and in the process of optimization, feedback correction is carried out by the difference between the actual output and the reference output. It can iterate the predictive model and suppress the influence of some uncertain disturbances to a certain extent. Therefore, the design of predictive controller for robot is not only of theoretical significance, but also of great practical significance. The trajectory tracking problem is proposed in this paper, and a predictive control method for master slave robotic manipulator with sliding mode controller is designed. In addition, when external disturbances occurred, the approximation errors are compensated by the proposed control method. Finally, The results demonstrate that the stability of the controllers can be improved for the trajectory tracking errors.
Epileptiform state of rats and the protective effect of antiepileptic drugs: Dilantin, Depakin, and Zarontin
Authors: Paronikyan Ruzanna G. , Sarkisyan Rafik Sh. , Avagyan Mkrtich N. , Grigoryan Marine S. , Paronikyan Naira D.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate the direction of changes in the epileptiform state of the rat organism under the influence of antiepileptic drugs, and also to reveal the possibility of using simple criteria for the comparative assessment of the severity of their protective actions using the hardware complex «Bioscope». Materials and methods. Three series of experiments were carried out using anticonvulsants: Dilantin, Depakine, and Zarontin. In each series of experiments, the integrative state of animals was recorded in normal conditions, after administration of an anticonvulsant drug and after administration of corazole against the background of the effect of an anticonvulsant drug. For a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the protective action of the antiepileptic drug, spectral distributions of the signals of the «Bioscope» were constructed and the power of the signals was compared in normal conditions and after administration of drugs. Results. For the relief of epileptiform states, Dilantin and Depakin are most effective - after the introduction of corazole against the background of these drugs, a higher correlation was observed between the values of the power of their spectrum compared with the norm. The injection of Dilantin has been shown to significantly change the nature of the «Bioskop» signals, while after the introduction of Depakin this does not happen. Zarontin was found to have a lower efficacy in relieving epileptiform states of the body compared to Dilantin and Depakin. Conclusion. The study revealed the feasibility of using the hardware complex «Bioscope» for the purpose of rapid assessment of the protective effect of antiepileptic drugs in epileptiform states of the body. At the same time, the possibility of using simple criteria for a comparative assessment of the severity of the protective action of drugs is shown.