bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexibly Together: Surviving and Growing in a Garment Cluster, Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Das Keshabananda
Published: March 2007

Concerned with the current debate onflexibility-collectivity in small firms, this case study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of industrial clusters in developing countries, which is a relatively less re searched field. The garment cluster in Ahmedabad underscores firm strategy to maintain quality through adoption of 'intermediate' technology, and by catering to highly segmented and vast domestic and external markets. Despite severe competition for survival in a highly customised market, the small firms have gained immensely through collective action, often networking with the state. Business dynamism in such clusters has certainly relegated the status of labour to the background. Joint action by entrepreneurs and the state needs to focus on upgrading both technology as well as labour standards in clusters, earnestly and with vigilance.
The Entrepreneurial Competency Index: An Assessment Tool for Financial Institutions
Authors: Sampath Rao M.S.
Published: March 2007

The conventional techniques used by financial institutions to ensure the success of business ventures are lopsided in that they focus exclusively on venture-specific aspects and tend to completely ignore person-specific factors. Using the concept of entrepreneurial competencies, now applied widely in entrepreneurship devel opment training the world over, the author proposes a four-stage strategy to screen out individuals with the least potential for success. However, the findings of this study, he suggests, need to be tested and validated by future research.
Strategies to Meet Competition: Firm-level Study of Indian Machine Tools Industry
Authors: Kathuria Vinish
Published: March 2007

Sectoral studies are an integral part of strategic planning exercises. Such studies are also considered crucial in planning and understanding entrepreneurial responses. This paper meticulously scans the CNC lathe producing segment of the Indian machine tool industry to account for its lack ofprice competitiveness despite technological dynamism. The author argues that given the domestic orientation and low installed capacities of the Indian firms, it would require a complete strategic turnaround for them to be able to combat forces of liberalisation and be interna tionally competitive.
What Young Entrepreneurs Think and Do: A Study of Second-Generation Business Entrepreneurs
Authors: Kazmi Azhar
Published: March 2007

Enquiries inspired by an urge to know and comprehend more about the entrepre neurial qualities and manifestations of different types of individuals form the bulk of research in the area of entrepreneurship. This paper too falls in this tradition of research as it presents a demographic and psychographic profile of and the type of business strategies formulated and implemented by the young second-genera tion entrepreneurs in India. It goes a step further by comparing these with their first generation counterparts to draw more generalisable conclusions. The find ings reinforce the point that entrepreneurs in general possess certain special char acteristics that sustain their need for high achievement.
Gandhian Philosophy and National Quality Awards
Authors: Khoo Hsien H. , Tan Kay C.
Published: March 2007

In India culture and religion play important roles in the workforce's perception of work, social ethics, moral discipline, and human relations. Some of these values originate from the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. This article presents selections of Gandhi's teachings and philosophy that are germane to modern- day business management, especially for multinational corporations operating in India. It serves to help foreign managers understand India's culture and work values, as well as offer guidelines for successful total quality management. Three of India's national-level quality awards are used to present the essential concepts of total quality.
The Role of Values and Leadership in Organizational Transformation
Authors: McNaughton Drumm
Published: March 2007

This is an analytical study of organizational transformation, values that must be present and operationalized for organizations to successfully change, and the role that leadership has in facilitat ing that change. Specifically, using De Geus' model of living and economic companies and taking input from key theorists such as Senge, Quinn, Bolman and Deal, and others, this study examines and analyzes the values and guiding principles that facilitate an organization's ability to transform, quali ties the leadership must possess and how leadership must function as catalysts to facilitate and ener gize successful, positive change.
Values and People's Participation in Community Based Forest Management
Authors: Sinha Himadri , Suar Damodar
Published: March 2007

This study tests whether participation and values favouring forest protection vary in different forms of community forestry, and whether members' identification with institutional values and forest central ity determines people's participation. Three hundred ninety seven members from 17 forest institutions and their leaders were interviewed. Participation was significantly higher in indigenous community forest management than in crafted community forest management and joint forest management. Values of 'livelihood security from forest', 'sacrificing the present benefit', and 'avoidance of free riding' emerged as important for indigenous and crafted community forest management compared to joint forest management. Members' identification with institutional values and centrality of the forest to the lives of members in forest institutions were higher in indigenous and crafted community forest manage ment than in joint forest management. Irrespective of forest institutions, the higher the value congru ence and centrality of the forest, the higher was people's participation.
Towards Corporate VEDA: Indian Ethos and Corporate Development1
Authors: Sharma Subhash
Published: March 2007

This paper presents the idea of 'Corporate Veda' as a basis for application of Indian ethos in corporate context. Societies have undergone transitions from kingdom states to nation-states and now we are witnessing the emergence of corporates as states. Indian ethos provides us a strong foundational basis for the development of management ideas for 'new age corporates'. This paper outlines the concept of 'VEDA' leadership in terms of Vision, Enlightenment, Devotion and Action and argues for the develop ment of a corporate Veda rooted in this definition. The paper also provides the 'Swastik model' as a framework to analyze change. The model is useful in the further development of the idea of corporate Veda. A comparative analysis of American, Japanese and Indian theories and approaches to manage ment is presented as a basis for their integrative synthesis in the form of corporate Veda.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Is It High Noon for a New Paradigm?
Authors: Reis Dayr , Betton John , Peña Leticia
Published: March 2007

Running a business has become less private, more open, less managerial, more political, less a right, more a privilege dependent on the will of stakeholders. It has also become more external: people outside management who are affected by management's decisions increasingly have a voice in, if not a veto over, these decisions, and have access to the technology that enables them to have that voice heard globally. Historically, companies have tried to deal with their external environment by adding specific staff functions to respond to particular 'threats' as they emerged. The authors argue that a more proactive approach is needed to adapt to the new reality of business in a global world. After analysing several cases that laid out important historical antecedents spanning the last 30 years, the authors suggest a new paradigm-based on open systems theory for conceptualizing and organizing the corporate external affairs activities.
Understanding Values in Organizations: A Value Dynamics Perspective
Authors: Watson George W. , Teague Bruce T. , Papamarcos Steven D.
Published: March 2007

The objective of this paper is to augment the business values literature by building upon research that claims individual value frames are subject to hierarchical re-scaling, value redefinition, and value removal or induction. In contrast to the person-organization cultural fit approach of value congruence, we postulate that the cognitive discomforts resulting from just-world needs, self-identity completion and self-concept maintenance, as moderated by contextual and dispositional variables, are resolved through the selection and accentuation of legitimating and justifying values that ultimately cast the nature of the world as fair, complete central self-identities, and affirm the self. Research and practical implications are discussed.
Religion and the Business Enterprise: An American Perspective
Authors: Ostas Daniel T.
Published: March 2007

The main thesis of this essay is that religious inquiry can and should be central to business ethics instruction in both the business school classroom and the corporate boardroom. Religious conviction has always been a major factor in social progress in America. Hence, removing religious inquiry from ethical instruction severely restricts the potency of such instruction to effect change.

The essay first analyzes two aspects of American culture that tend to inhibit religious dialogue: (a) American faith in a wall between the secular and the sacred; and (b) a cultural commitment to 'scientific' inquiries when discussing business matters. Although both cultural beliefs must be taken seriously, however, they need not silence one's religious beliefs and values. Two contemporary frameworks for analyzing issues in business ethics—'stakeholder theory' and 'social contract theory'— are then focused upon and it is demonstrated that religious dialogue and religious principles can usefully supplement either approach.
Human Values and Consciousness: Towards a New Social Order in the Light of Sri Aurobindo
Authors: Ambirajan S.
Published: March 2007

This paper attempts a systematic presentation of the ideas of Sri Aurobindo, India's foremost sage- philosopher-nationalist, in two parts. This, the first part, encompasses a time span of approximately four decades (1872-1910) when Aurobindo was an activist and a frontline leader in India's freedom struggle. This period has been identified by the author as the pre-Pondicherry days when the keynote of Aurobindo's social, economic and political writings was nationalism. This paper sheds light on how Aurobindo's views on India's social and economic upliftment were inextricably linked with his clarion call for the resurgence of the spiritual identity of her citizens. Thus, the author argues that Aurobindo was not just a narrow-visioned political scientist who saw India merely as a geographical entity. Rather, his vision was engrossed with the quintessential spiritual symbol that India has been and is. The second part of the paper will appear in the next issue of this journal.
Wisdom Leadership: Leading Self by the SELF
Authors: Chakraborty S.K.
Published: March 2007

This paper establishes that the contemporary figures of organizational leadership are at best excellent examples of 'dealership' characterized by high skills-competence and low values-commitment. The author points out that managerial and organizational psychology for leadership is yet to grapple with the most fundamental of all the themes: the complete model of man which places the spirit-core of SELF in the centre. The paper upholds the classical Indian concept of wisdom leadership and introduces the rajarshi (raja + rishi) model of the leader as the very embodiment of satya (truth) and rita (order). The author then dwells on the nature of'rishi-consciousness' and elaborates on the 'rishi' process which leads to the unfoldment of unitive SELF-awareness or ekatmanubhuti. Speaking on behalf of one of the most enduring civilizations of the world, the author asserts that wisdom leadership comes from the ability to perceive the indivisible whole and this ability is not a function of the thinking, reasoning mind but of the intuitive, spiritual mind.
Creating a Safer, More Caring Societal Ethic in the Face of a Dominant Free-Market Paradigm
Authors: Richardson Bill , Curwen Peter
Published: March 2007

The authors take a hard and critical look at the gospel of market economy and its long-term consequences. They examine its major assumptions, its major policy imperatives and their consequen tial impacts on ecology, society, human beings and organizations. The paper urges a redefinition of this dominant paradigm of today, and advocates the need for it to be subjected to the wider considerations of a caring and ecologically sound belief system. The appendices offer descriptive accounts of actual cases which show the real and repeated crisis-producing potential of this paradigm.
The Interaction between Morality and Society—Its Evolutionary Mechanism
Authors: Barricelli Luisa Aall
Published: March 2007

An interaction between the ways morality and society develop in the face of the challenges they are exposed to seems consistent with empirical evidence. However, within this frame man's instinct of self preservation and his individualism seem to play an important part. The former by its influence on the evolution of what I refer to as 'our social morality'. The latter by finding its expression in conservative and radical ideologies whose political confrontation appears to give rise to an evolutionary develop ment. The paper draws attention to the fact that in the face of contemporary challenges the evolutionary development of our morals may determine whether the corresponding evolutionary development of our societies will approach the patterns of those of insects, or whether our highly developed individual istic traits will result in new moral trends creating a society which is better suited to the present characteristics of humankind. It is also argued that the present growth of international organizations for cooperation and peaceful co-existence should make it possible to build a society worthy of the human race, but that it could be done only if we are able to develop a sufficient sense of responsibility to deliberately keep over-consumption and human population within a natural balance.
Lessons of the Past? Technology Transfer and Russian Industrialisation in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Inkster Ian
Published: March 2007

This paper begins with a brief consideration of general approaches to technology transfer and its impact on the processes of late development, with the focus on industrial develop ment. Section II narrows down to the manner in which industrial historians have analysed that greatly significant era of global industrialisation, 1870-1914. Here the emphasis is on the influential writing of Alexander Gerschenkron, although with modifications including those of R.P. Dore, A. Sulejewicz and others. The purpose here is to show that models of late development must fully take into account not only the process of technology transfer, but also its technical imperatives, institutional and control requirements and socio- political impacts. The next section presents a brief case study of what has been termed as the South Russia Metallurgical Project (circa 1887-1900) in order to highlight the com plexities and sequences in the Russian-Western European technical interaction during the period. The following section draws some lessons of interaction from this more empirical material, much of the latter being based on British and American engineering reports of what was happening in Russia. Section V broadly considers the comparative perspective. Finally, a concluding section discusses needed revisions in the theories of late development which have implications for more generalised models in such areas as institutional inno vation and the role of the state in the industrialisation process.
Job-Related Stress among Business- and Professional-Writing Faculty Members
Authors: CECCIO JOSEPH F.
Published: March 2007

During the 1980s, studies about stress in academia and business indicated that jobrelated stress is a serious problem. The purpose of this exploratory, correlational study was to examine the nature and extent of job-related stress among collegiate business-and professional-writing faculty members in the United States. The stress scale developed by the author was consistent with the framework on stress and burnout suggested by Pines and Aronson. Results indicate that job-related stress is associated with faculty members' rank, type of institution, and sex. Job-related stress tends to increase with greater expectations of publication and service, the total number of courses taught, and the number of writing courses taught. Job-related stress tends to decrease with increased maturity—age, years of teaching, years postdegree, and years teaching business and professional writing. Analysis of two open-ended questions indicates that paper grading is a significant stressor.
Technical Instruction and Definition Assignments
Authors: CURRY JEROME M.
Published: March 2007

Most technical writing textbook assignments are artificial. They do not force students to deal with writing problems in the same way they will be called on to deal with them in the workplace. Technical writing instructors can provide their students with realistic writing alternatives. Alternatives for two assignments that are almost always artificial—writing instructions and definition—and the benefits of these a alternatives are discussed.
The Technical Communicator as Author
Authors: SLACK JENNIFER DARYL , MILLER DAVID JAMES , DOAK JEFFREY
Published: March 2007

The authors explore the parallels to be found by comparing descriptions of the technical communicator with differing views of the communication process—the transmission, translation, and articulation views of communication. In each of these views, the place of the technical communicator and of technical discourse shifts with respect to the production of meaning and relations of power. The authors argue from the standpoint of the articulation view for a new conception of the technical communicator as author and of technical communication as a discourse that produces an author.
From Orality to Textuality in English Accounting and its Books, 1553-1680
Authors: TEBEAUX ELIZABETH
Published: March 2007

A survey of English accounting, its origin, its development, and its first books (1553-1680) provides another insight into the shift from orality to textuality in English society. The shift to sophisticated textual expression of accounting occurred as a result of the confluence of the rising English Renaissance trade economy, increasing literacy, and improving typography—all of which made the need for extensive financial records necessary and possible. The shift to a highly sophisticated textual/spatial presentation was nurtured by Ramism, Renaissance Italian art, and the rise of capitalism. Ultimately, this spatial presentation destroyed the oral-aural aspect of accounting. Spatial presentation was essential to the development of accounting techniques for an expanding economy, but spatial, rather than verbal, display led to abstraction in presentation that today makes accounting difficult for the nonaccounting reader to understand and for the expert accountant to verbalize.
The Value of Gender Studies to Professional Communication Research
Authors: LAY MARY M.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews selected gender scholarship that informs the study of professional communication as well as some recent articles on professional communication that make use of gender studies. The article also suggests future research directions that include a merger of gender and professional communication scholarship. Topics covered include gender and communication and gender identity, along with gender and writing, reading, speaking language choice, visual communication, collaboration, content analysis, management, history and case studies.
Impacts of Diversity on Communication Effectiveness
Authors: HOPKINS WILLIE E. , HOPKINS SHIRLEY A.
Published: March 2007

What impact will a greater increase in the diversity level of an organization's work force have on its productivity? Practicing managers' desire to have this question answered has been the stimulus for much of the diversity-related research currently in print. However, the narrow focus on providing an answer to this particular question appears to have diverted researchers' attention away from a number of perhaps more fundamental issues. A major issue that has been neglected in previous research studies is the impact that greater increases in work-force diversity might have on communication processes within organizations—specifically, communication processes that are associated with organizational productivity. As a contribution toward helping to fill in this research gap, this article proposes a typology of impacts that greater increases in work-force diversity might have on communication effectiveness in organizations.
Perceptions of Communication in the Corporate Community
Authors: MOSS FREDERICK K.
Published: March 2007

To find out more about the communication needs of people in business, the author sent questionnaires to 2,200 chief executive officers (CEOs) and directors of personnel or training. I received 207 answers. Respondents believe that oral communication before a small group is important and that principles of communication should be stressed over formats for letters and memos. They believe reading and editing, as well as grammar skills, are very important. In many respects, the results of this survey are similar to those of others done across the country in the past 20 years, but there are some comments on reading, editing, and writing letters with bad news that were not part of earlier surveys.
Workplace Ghostwriting
Authors: HENRY JIM , ORGE” “GE
Published: March 2007

An MA student in professional writing and editing undertook ethnographic research on ghostwriting in the military headquarters where he has worked as a civilian writer for 18 years. He investigated the ways in which the military's review process (or “chop chain”) influences writer psychology and the final written product. His findings shed light on writer psychology and on bureaucratese as a cultural discursive product and lead him to propose changes in local writing and reviewing practices. To suggest innovations in teaching and curriculum, this article traces the MA student's academic authorship as he drew on the disciplines of ethnography, folklore, social psychology, and composition and as he used cultural theory from Foucault and textual theory from narratology.
Effective Litigative Writing
Authors: MOXLEY CHARLES J.
Published: March 2007

This review of the relationship of law and art in the litigative context explores ways in which the methodologies of the novelist and other artists can be invoked by the lawyer in structuring and developing a case and presenting it to a court. To the litigators who transcend the form books and stereotypes and see their cases with a fresh eye, neither the law nor the facts are fixed in stone but rather created to meet the deepest realities of the case within the context of our most fundamental values and beliefs. Litigators, by the way they define and project the issues, can affect, even determine, what law and facts are legally relevant and dispositive. They must devise and write the story that threads the client's way out of the labyrinth. Mastery of the formal requirements of litigative writing is only a necessary first step. Freewriting; Hemingwayesque choice of words and syntax; harnessing the symbolic, often hidden, power of language; achieving the dramatic potential of case presentation—all these and more from the creative artist's repertoire empower litigators to win their cases. Resort is made not only to the applicable statutory, regulatory, and case law but also to the processes of the like of Cezanne, Conrad, Hemingway, Tolstoy, Joyce, Aristotle, and Faulkner.
Developing International Management Communication Competence
Authors: CHAPEL WILLIAM B.
Published: March 2007

The interactive processes of effective global managers need to be explored to identify, describe, and apply concepts supporting international management communication competence. This article synthesizes various theoretical approaches and concepts central to communication competence, simultaneously interspersing this framework with illustrations in the context of international management. Its purpose is to provide information that is useful for developing research questions, pedagogical models, or effective management communication practices. International management communication competence is a cognitive process that involves acquiring (1) cultural awareness and understanding, (2) language knowledge (verbal and nonverbal), and (3) the motivation to use cultural awareness for the development of global business relationships. This process develops in two stages: enculturation within one's native society and realization of the reality, validity, and distinctiveness of other cultural values and norms.
Teaching in Germany and the Rhetoric of Culture
Authors: ALRED GERALD J.
Published: March 2007

This article uses the cross-cultural concepts of context and time to examine the rhetoric of German university students in an English business writing course. This participant-observer account, which includes numerous student examples and observations, provides a fresh perspective for American teachers in increasingly multinational, multicultural classrooms. It also suggests how Aristotle's concepts of ethos, logos, and pathos together with the case method and group work can help teachers respond to the challenges in such classrooms. The article concludes by suggesting that understanding the rhetoric of culture is an important step in accepting and negotiating cultural differences.
“Applied Constructivism” for User Documentation
Authors: MIREL BARBARA
Published: March 2007

This inquiry explores the practical implications of constructivist theory for documentation that is targeted to complex tasks and experienced users (users who are less than experts but more than novices). It argues that current task-oriented documentation falls short in addressing these tasks and users and examines the contributions that constructivism can make, contributions that will lead to documentation that differs in kind not just degree from conventional task-oriented manuals and help systems. This inquiry synthesizes the following four themes from constructivist theory and analyzes their relevance to documentation development: (1) changing the object of instruction to “activity in context,” (2) shaping instruction around problems experienced by users in work contexts, (3) highlighting users' social stock of knowledge, and (4) adopting a rhetoric of problem-based instruction expressed through cases. Examples are given from current efforts in interface and instructional design that writers may adapt to documentation design.
Look Who's Talking
Authors: BILBOW GRAHAME T.
Published: March 2007

Management is a symbolic activity that depends to a great extent on a manager's control of language resources. However, relatively little is known about the linguistic and pragmatic features of managers' spoken discourse in a range of speech events common in organisations (e.g., meetings, negotiations, presentations, and so on). Drawing on a corpus of authentic business meetings videotaped at a large airline in Hong Kong, this article investigates a number of aspects of the managerial discourse that occurs in business meetings (chair-talk). Three specific aspects of “chair-talk” are considered: the proportion of chair-talk that occurs in business meetings, the patterns of speech acts that commonly occur in chair-talk, and the ways in which chairs convey command-oriented directive speech acts. These findings are then discussed within the context of such issues as hierarchical power structure in organisations, the function of different meeting types, the role of directness and indirectness in personal relationships, and linguistic tolerance in intercultural encounters.
The Daguerreotype and the Rhetoric of Photographic Technology
Authors: WICKLIFF GREGORY A.
Published: March 2007

Although many excellent histories of photography and its invention exist, few focus on the rhetoric employed in debates over scientific priority and the romantic construct of nature as the active agent in photographic processes. This article surveys the range and complexity of rhetorical claims made for the first practical photographic process, daguerreotypy. It presents a rereading of the standard and romanticized history of the invention, defines the daguerreotype as a made object and cultural artifact with its own supratextual rhetoric, and presents examples from the discourse of 1839-1860 that show how daguerreotypes were argued to be simultaneously equal to, superior to, and inferior to natural human perceptions and representations.
Implementation of STEP-Based Product Data Exchange and Sharing
Authors: Yeh Shen-Chou , You Chun-Fong
Published: March 2007

Product data exchange and sharing is an important issue for miscellaneous information systems. STEP-based product data exchange and sharing provides a useful mechanism for implementing concurrent engineering and promoting the realization of CALS' en vironment. This paper implements a pilot system for STEP-based PDE (Product Data Exchange) system based on the requirement of product data exchange between and within enterprises. The system incorporates engineering information in the design and manufactur ing stages and guarantees the consistency of the product data exchange and sharing. Complete development processes of systems, in cluding AAM (Application Activity Model), ARM (Application Reference Model), and AIM (Application Interpretation Model), are illustrated herein. AAM utilizing BPR (Business Process Reengineering) approach is employed to develop ARM, which is then mapped to AIM mod els from part 41, part 42, part 44, AP 203, AP 214 in STEP The system's database is based on the integrated AIM models in STEP to as sure the capability for product data exchange and sharing. The kernel data structure is a combination of engineering information and product-oriented definitions. The data from miscellaneous information systems, such as CAD/CAM, MRP/MRPII, ERP, and PDM, in the de sign and manufacturing phase of a product's life cycle can be exchanged using this system. This paper also employs STEP to present an integrated product-oriented data structure to manage engineering information from different information systems.
A Metadata Repository System for an Efficient Description of Visual Multimedia Documents
Authors: Joung Ye Sun , Lim Jae Hyoung , Hyun Soon J. , Ro Yong Man
Published: March 2007

With the continuing explosion of multimedia information in today's society, searching for multimedia information by the con tents of interest is becoming more demanding. It will require an efficient metadata modeling scheme and ease-of-use querying mecha nism. In this paper, we propose a new metadata description scheme for image and video data which employs the well-defined formality of the Dublin Core description to describe the semantic feature part and the powerful facility of the MPEG-7 description to describe the vi sual and media feature part of visual information all in the XML/DTD form. It will benefit both Dublin Core users who desire to describe multimedia in their textual documents and MPEG-7 users who want to describe semantic features more formally using Dublin Core struc ture. The proposed scheme is used in the development of a metadata repository system called MRS for an easy XML/DTD manipulation of complex multimedia document description. MRS provides an easy-of-use user interface as a DTD editor and dictionary function to generate a uniform construct of multimedia document description according to the proposed scheme. This work has been conducted as a partial development of the Visual Information Repository System (VIRS) which is presently implemented under the project funding of a university-industry collaboration research program.
Performance Evaluation and Scalability Analysis of SNMPv3 with Superimposition in a Mobile Environment
Authors: Duarte Fatima de L. P. , Loureiro Antonio A. F.
Published: March 2007

An important question in the current TCP/IP architecture is how to extend its technology and its protocols to support mobile computing. The existing protocols were not designed with that goal in mind. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the most widely used protocol for network management on TCP/IP networks, is no exception. Adapting the SNMP with a superimposition model may be a possible way to success in mobile environments management [1]. In this paper we evaluate the use of superimposition architecture to improve the performance of the SNMP protocol in a mobile computing architecture. An empirical environment was simu lated for the comparison of a conventional SNMP model and an adapted SNMP model. Some performance metrics are presented as a result, showing the superimposition algorithm advantages.
Dynamic Task Communication for Concurrent Processing in Distributed Systems
Authors: Zarernba Marek B. , Fraczak Wojciech
Published: March 2007

This paper presents a formal methodology and a set of design and programming tools for the development of concurrently communicating systems that execute in distributed computing environments. In order to solve the complex problems of synchronization and communication between dynamically distributed tasks, the distributed programming system uses an internal process-algebra-based mechanism, and provides an algebra term generator that allows the user to define the task architecture through a simple graphical inter face. An example of the design process of a heterogeneous distributed system illustrates the main phases of creating and executing a cbncurrent task system, as well as the architecture of the programming environment presented in the paper.
Convergence and Obfuscation: A Rejoinder to Osipow and to Laplante, Coallier, Sabourin, and Martin
Authors: Schulenberg John , Vondracek Fred W. , Shimizu Kazuaki
Published: March 2007

Our previous critique of Martin, Sabourin, Laplante, and Coallier (1991) included 10 serious criticisms of their methods and conclusions regarding the dimensionality of the Career Decision Scale (CDS). Although the quantity of the Laplante, Coallier, Sabourin, and Martin (1994) response was not bad (i.e., they attempted to address 7 of the 10 criticisms), the quality of their response was disappointing because it confused fact with fiction, and included a wealth of extraneous and irrelevant material. Nothing in their response convinced (or even tempted) us to retract any of our original criticisms. Most importantly, the equivalence of their French version of the CDS with the English version was still not demonstrated, our four-factor model was still not disconfirmed, and their model testing procedures remain suspect (e.g., for some undisclosed reason, Laplante et al. (1994) and Martin et al. (1991) are at odds as to whether they accepted their one-factor model). Based on our findings (as well as those of Martin et al. [1991]— despite their conclusions, their findings support our model), the fact remains that our four-factor model provided the best fit among the several models tested, indicating firm support for the multidimensionality of the CDS. We found ourselves in substantial agreement with Osipow (1994), and we urge him to refine the CDS by adding dimension-specific items and revising double-barreled items.
Traditionality of College Major and Attitudes Towards Work-Family Balance: Vocational Correlates
Authors: Savage Claire T. , Fouad Nadya A.
Published: March 2007

This article will present data on two studies investigating vocational correlates of attitudes towards work/family balance. The first study was designed to measure the relationship between attitude toward balancing work and family (Gilbert, Dancer, Rossman, & Thorn, 1991), and two variables: college major and vocational aspirations. Two hundred forty-nine women from six college majors participated in Study 1 (engineering, chemistry, communication, sociology, education, and nursing). The second study investigated whether women who are in a traditional college major (education, N = 39) are less congruent than those in a non- traditional major (engineering, N = 24) or a neutral field (communication, N = 9 and sociology, N = 7), and if they differ in their intentions to balance work and family. Results indicated that women in traditional majors were more likely to endorse traditional plans to combine work and family than gender-neutral majors, and had relatively lower levels of vocational aspiration and career commitment. Results also indicated no differences in level of congruence (Holland, 1992) across college majors, and that women in traditional majors who are congruent are more likely to endorse traditional orientation to combining work and family than noncongruent traditional college majors. Results indicate the need to incorporate intentions to balance work and family into career decisions for women.
Some Biographical Correlates of Career Recognition Among School Principals
Authors: Gottfredson Gary D.
Published: March 2007

The potential of a simple biographical checklist to identify outstanding school principals was explored. A seven-item composite developed in a construction sample was moderately efficient in discriminating outstanding principals from principals-in-general in two cross-validation samples, and it showed modest, positive correlations with principals' self-ratings of job performance. No significant sex or race differences in composite scores were observed. Results suggest (a) the feasibility of developing simple, inexpensive biographical inventories to supplement existing methods for selecting principals; (b) that career development experiences to reproduce the biographical correlates of recognition might be provided to further the development of aspiring principals; and (c) that using Holland's theory as an aid to generating items for a predictor battery may be fruitful.
Persons, Places, and Personality: Career Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory
Authors: Costa Paul T. , McCrae Robert R. , Kay Gary G.
Published: March 2007

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992a) is a questionnaire measure of 30 traits that define the comprehensive five-factor model (FFM) of personality. Data from police selection, college student, and Hispanic American samples illustrate the psychometric properties of the instrument. In vocational counseling, the NEO PI-R can supplement measures of vocational interests and abilities, especially by calling attention to the client's strengths and weaknesses in adjustment and motivation. Use of the NEO Job Profiler, a tool designed to help identify the personality requirements of different occupations, is illustrated in the police selection sample. Together, the NEO Job Profiler and NEO PI-R can help determine the optimal match between person and occupation.
Career Assessment and the Adult Personality Inventory
Authors: Krug Samuel E.
Published: March 2007

The Adult Personality Inventory (API: Krug, 1984) is designed to assess normal-range personality characteristics. The API provides a technology for assessing major dimensions of adult personality and reporting them in terms that are understandable and relevant. API results are reported in terms of three sets of scales: Personal Characteristics, Interpersonal Style, and Career Factors. The third set of scales, Career Factors (Practical, Scientific, Aesthetic, Social, Competitive, Structured), relate to career choice, job satisfaction, and life-style preferences. They were developed empirically by studying response patterns that empirically differentiated people in a broad sampling of occupations. Descriptive information regarding these scales and their relationship to other systems for classifying occupational interests are described.
Career Assessment and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Authors: McCaulley Mary H. , Martin Charles R.
Published: March 2007

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985) is used at each stage of career assessment and career counseling. Based on Jung's theory of psychological types, the psychodynamic model of the MBTI is useful for self-understanding and life-long development. MBTI type descriptions characterize 16 types at their best; provide positive, self-affirming goals; and note blind spots and problems to avoid. MBTI type tables apply Jung's theory to groups; type tables for careers not only validate Jung's theory, but provide ways for looking at occupations attractive to each of the 16 psychological types. Career counselors use type tables to help clients see the fit between their preferences and career families and to highlight careers especially worth considering. The MBTI problem-solving model is a useful tool in the career planning process. Finally, counselors who understand the MBTI find it useful for individualizing counseling approaches and strategies to the type preferences of their clients.
Perfectionism: Its Measurement and Career Relevance
Authors: Slaney Robert B. , Ashby Jeffrey S. , Trippi Joseph
Published: March 2007

The meaning and measurement of the construct of perfectionism has potentially important implications for career choice and career development. The present article reviews the theoretical and empirical background of perfectionism. It then discusses the scales previously developed to measure perfectionism and describes the development of a new scale, the Almost Perfect Scale (APS; Slaney & Johnson, 1992). Two additional studies are presented on the APS. The first consists of three parts that examine the concurrent validity of the APS and the factor structure of the subscales of the APS relative to the subscales of two other scales developed to measure perfectionism. The second study examines the factor structure of the APS through the use of a confirmatory factor analysis. The results are discussed and suggestions are made for future research that would study the relationship between perfectionism and a variety of career variables.
Strengthening International Environmental Governance
Authors: French Hilary F.
Published: March 2007

The global environmental crisis is straining not only natural systems, but international relations as well. Responding adequately to threats such as global warming, ozone depletion, and biological diversity loss will require new tools to encourage participation in and compliance with international environmental treaties. Trade mea sures will increasingly be called upon for this purpose, posing potential conflicts with international trade rules. Positive induce ments such as financial and technological assistance will also be critical. To perform these functions effectively, international envi ronmental institutions need to bestrengthened, and the entire process of international environmental governance opened to public partici pation.
Geriatric rehabilitation
Authors: Mosqueda Laura
Published: March 2007

Geriatric medicine and rehabilitation focus on common goals: the restoration and maintenance of maximum function. Using the biopsychosocial model rather than the traditional medical model, a more complete picture of the older adult is obtained by the health care practitioner. If we remain vigilant in monitoring and improving our patients' functional abilities we can enhance their inde pendence, and thus their quality of life. Key words: geriatrics, rehabilitation, function, activities of daily living.
Continence restoration in the homebound elderly: Interventions and outcomes
Authors: Flynn Linda
Published: March 2007

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent and costly problem among the homebound elderly. Home health care nurses are in an excellent position to implement interventions that will reduce inconti nence within this population. Following the clinical guidelines published by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, a Visiting Nurse Association in New Jersey offers continence restoration interventions to its clients. With the use of pelvic muscle exercises as the behavioral intervention of choice, stress and urge incontinence have been significantly reduced. Measured outcomes support both the clinical and cost effectiveness of these nursing interventions. Key words: urinary inconti nence, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, pelvic muscle exercises, measured outcomes
A discussion of ethical issues arising in the home health care industry
Authors: Davis Jean R.
Published: March 2007

This article presents an ethical dilemma that has occurred in our home health care agency. This ethical dilemma was discussed in a newly developed Patient Concerns/Complaints Committee (which also addresses ethical issues related to patient care) in order to adopt a solution that all parties could accept. In light of the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organiza tions' standard, which requires that ethical issues be addressed, this process was successful and will be of interest to all home health care agencies. Key words: home health, ethics, employee concerns
Restraint use in the home health care environment
Authors: Coleman Teresa , Orchard Pat
Published: March 2007

The use of patient restraints had been essentially unstructured until the Omnibus Reconcilia tion Act of 1987 (OBRA '87). Because of the inability to control patient environments experi enced by home health providers, it is necessary to demonstrate guidelines that are in place to ensure that safe and quality care is administered to home health patients. Thorough assessment of patients' mental and physical as well as environmental status should be systematically per formed and documented on the clinical record and incorporated into the plan of care. Policies and procedures, as well as patient teaching information, should be in place administratively to ensure protection of the patient and agency. Key words: patient restraints, home health care, Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987
A private duty agency: The basics
Authors: Bailey Kathleen L.
Published: March 2007

This article gives basic guidelines for setting up a private duty agency including the factors to consider before beginning the business, legal and organizational structure of the agency, and daily management issues. Key personnel functions and the information necessary for forms used to conduct business are discussed. Key words: structure, management, communication flow
Community dynamics of working with Munchausen syndrome by proxy in technology-dependent children
Authors: Thompson Mary K. , Sullivan Marian J.
Published: March 2007

A nurse and social worker paired together by their home health agency to case manage technol ogy-dependent children suspected one of their clients was the victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a form of child abuse where parents fabricate or induce illness in their children. They reported their suspicions to their immediate supervisors and attempted to locate case manage ment protocols or community professionals with enough experience with Munchausen syn drome by proxy to guide them as they worked to establish the abuse of the child. What they found was a community asleep in its knowledge of the syndrome and how it abuses its victims. Perhaps the problems they encountered and the protocols they established may alert and assist others. Key words: case management; Munchausen syndrome by proxy
The early maternal discharge clinical pathway: Health care's wave of the future
Authors: Schaffner Yovanka , Rossi Susan
Published: March 2007

With increasing demands from external sources, maternal child providers are facing the chal lenges of accurate and timely assessments. Documentation for both legalities and reimburse ment can be accomplished through the clinical pathway. This article describes how one organi zation developed its pathways and how another developed its documents. Key words: early maternal discharge, maternal/newborn pathway, clinical pathway, postpartum clinical path way