bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planteamientos sobre la pobreza: una aproximación conceptual
Authors: Martínez Bernal Bertha Lucía
Published: August 2016

En el presente artículo se presentan varias definiciones o conceptos para la comprensión, medición y el análisis de la pobreza. Para ello se retoma la producción escrita de diferentes estudiosos e investigadores que han hecho aportes valiosos sobre el tema. Al lado de estos conceptos se analizan los diferentes enfoques que se utilizan para aproximarse al estudio de la pobreza, aunque estas no son teorías ni explicaciones de sus causas, sino perspectivas sobre pobreza que denotan dichos enfoques. Así mismo se desarrolla una revisión de las metodologías más utilizadas en los procesos de  identificación y agregación. Finalmente se interpretan las políticas públicas en los sectores sociales.
Conexiones alienadas entre economía, marketing y globalización
Authors: Garcés Cano Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2016

Este artículo constituye un esfuerzo teórico-conceptual y descriptivo por entender las conexiones entre una teoría del marketing con real foco en el consumidor (el papel de la demanda) y los aspectos socioculturales, ideológicos, políticos y económicos de los autores del macromarketing, que se asumen divergentes de un micromarketing cuyo origen neoclásico ha impedido su conceptualización desde la ciencia y su método; máxime en esta etapa del capitalismo, en que los efectos de la globalización se manifiestan sobre los habitantes del planeta Tierra, todos consumidores y seres humanos con derecho a desarrollarse integralmente, en convivencia con las demás especies.
El Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) de Cali, una aproximación
Authors: Vergara Varela Rafael
Published: August 2016

En este documento se describe, analiza y evalúa la política pública de desarrollo urbanístico del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial en la ciudad de Cali (POT, 2000). La incidencia de dicha política pública dentro de la transformación física de la urbe se puede evidenciar a través de un indicador tan elemental como es el precio del suelo urbano -en relación con el mercado de los precios de la tierra urbana, debido a que este factor señalizador de mercado determina las reglas del juego en una sociedad-. Es decir, se tiene una herramienta metodológica en términos de evaluación de estas políticas públicas específicas.
Agricultura y desarrollo rural en Colombia 2011-2013: una aproximación
Authors: Cárdenas Pinzón Johanna Inés , Vallejo Zamudio Luis Eudoro
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión bibliográfica del concepto de desarrollo rural y del papel de la agricultura y el desarrollo rural en la actividad económica, así como determinar el comportamiento que ha tenido el sector agropecuario en Colombia en el periodo 2011-2013, de acuerdo con las estrategias propuestas para el sector en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014. Se concluyó, en términos generales, que la política agraria en Colombia debe ser abordada bajo la nueva visón del desarrollo rural, la cual debe incluir actividades que se desarrollen en el área rural, y el gran reto debe ser replantear el hecho de que el sector rural solamente se limita al sector productivo.
La política fiscal frente a los flujos de capital: evidencia para algunos países de América Latina
Authors: Lozano Espitia Luis Ignacio , Melo-Becerra Ligia Alba , Ramos Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2016

Los flujos de capital representan oportunidades para financiar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los países, pero también conllevan riesgos, especialmente de tipo macroeconómico y financiero. Las respuestas de política para mitigar sus efectos, juegan un papel importante especialmente en los mercados emergentes. En este trabajo se evalúa la postura de la política fiscal frente a los choques de los flujos de capital registrados durante las dos últimas décadas en seis economías emergentes de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Con base en la caracterización de los diferentes episodios de entradas y salidas súbitas de capital y en la estimación de un modelo de datos de panel con variables instrumentales, se encuentra quelos gobiernos no respondieron con medidas fiscales excepcionales. Por el contrario, su postura fiscal de naturaleza procíclica parece estar asociada al efecto que los flujos de capital produjeron sobre la actividad económica.
Impacto socioeconómico del sector de la economía solidaria en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. 2000 - 2009
Authors: Suárez Sonia Janneth Limas , Sandoval Jairo Alberto Higuera
Published: August 2016

El sector de la economía solidaria desempeña un papel importante en el ámbito económico y social. Aunque teóricamente esto es reconocido, hay limitada producción académica del sector solidario en Boyacá. Razón que motiva, a partir del modelo empresarial solidario, analizar el impacto socioeconómico del sector de la economía solidaria en Boyacá 2000-2009, utilizando el método descriptivo. Los resultados muestran que este sector avanza en la consecución de un mayor posicionamiento en la economía solidaria del nivel nacional y departamental. Las cifras reflejan la dinámica socioeconómica del sector, su evolución y crecimiento. Los hallazgos anuncian nuevos estudios sobre el sector de la economía solidaria en Boyacá.
Estimación y análisis de los gastos e ingresos económicos de la población flotante estudiantil universitaria de pregrado en la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia
Authors: Triana María Isabel Rojas
Published: August 2016

Este artículo muestra la estimación de un modelo de demanda del gasto e ingreso económico que ejercen los estudiantes flotantes en la ciudad de Tunja. Está basado en una aplicación a la función de Engel propuesta por Working-Lesser, tomando datos de una encuesta hecha a una muestra de estudiantes flotantes universitarios de pregrado de la ciudad de Tunja, a quienes se les indaga por algunas variables socioeconómicas, entre ellas el gasto y el ingreso. La demanda más relevante de los estudiantes flotantes está dada por el gasto que ejercen en vivienda, observado a partir del valor de los coeficientes del sistema de ecuaciones planteado en el modelo.
Crecimiento y eficiencia de la industria editorial de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Pardo José Luis Rodríguez , Abella Daniel Gómez
Published: August 2016

El presente estudio evalúa la eficiencia técnica y el crecimiento en productividad de la industrial editorial en Bogotá durante el período 2000-2007, mediante la aplicación de la técnica de frontera de análisis envolvente de datos determinístico (DEA, siglas en inglés). Para esto, se construye un panel de datos balanceado con base en la información de la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera. Con la descomposición del índice deMalmquist se cuantifica el aporte de la eficiencia técnica y el cambio productivo de la industria para el periodo de estudio de la productividad.
Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technologies for Mobility and Their Implications for Active Ageing
Authors: Martins Anabela , Pinheiro João , Farias Beatriz , Jutai Jeffrey
Published: August 2016

Active ageing is defined as the process of optimizing opportunities for physical, social and mental health to enable older people to take an active part in society without discrimination and to enjoy an independent and good quality of life. The World Health Organization assumed this as a process for increasing and maintaining an individual’s participation in activities to enhance his/her quality of life. In this survey, the authors addressed the following question: “Is assistive technology (AT) for mobility contributing to enhancement of lifelong capacity and performance?”. From June 2015 until February 2016, 96 community dwelling adults, AT users for mobility (powered wheelchairs, manual wheelchairs, lower limb prostheses, walkers, crutches and canes), aged 45-97, mean 67.02 +/- 14.24 years old, 56.3% female, were interviewed using the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (P-PIADS), the Activities and Participation Profile related to Mobility (APPM) and demographics, clinical and questions about AT use and training. The participants’ profiles revealed moderate limitation and restrictions in participation, measured by the APPM (2.03). Most participants showed positive impact of AT; average scores obtained from the P-PIADS subscales were: Self-esteem 0.62, Competency 1.11 and Adaptability 1.10. P-PIADS total was 0.96, with the powered wheelchair users scoring the highest (1.53) and the walker users scoring the lowest (0.73). All subscales and P-PIADS total were positively correlated with the activities and participation profile. There was no relation between age and the psychosocial impact of AT or activities and participation profile. These results encourage the authors to follow these participants up for a lifelong intervention. To accomplish that aim, currently, the protocol is implemented at the AT prescribing centers in Coimbra, Portugal in order to assess the impact of AT on participation in society, one of the domains of the Active Ageing Index, a new analytical tool to help policy makers in developing policies for active and healthy ageing. 
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP ISLAM DALAM AKTIVITAS EKONOMI: ALTERNATIF MEWUJUDKAN KESEIMBANGAN HIDUP
Authors: Suhadi Mursal Dan
Published: August 2016

IMPLEMENTING ISLAMIC PRINCIPLE IN ECONO- MIC ACTIVITIES: ALTERNATIV TO REALIZE THE LIFE BALANCE. This paper aims to explain the principles of Islam in economic activity contained in the al-Quran and Hadith. The principle of  balance occupy a decisive role in human life to reach al-Falah. The balance is the Sunnah of  Allah, balanced life is one of  the essence of  Islam, so Muslims were referred to as the people of the middle (Ummatan wasthan). Islamic Economics aims to create a balanced life, which includes, among others, the physical with the mental balance, the material with the spiritual, the individual with the social, the present with the future, and the world to the hereafter. This is because, physical balance with mental, spiritual or the material will create a holistic for the welfare of man. Economic development are too concerned with material aspects and ignore the spiritual aspect only will bear false happiness, even quite disastrous.

keyword: Islam, Economic, Balanced.

Tulisan  ini  bertujuan  untuk  menjelaskan  tentang  prinsip  Islam dalam aktivitas ekonomi yang tertuang dalam al-Quran dan Hadis. Prinsip keseimbangan menduduki peran yang sangat menentukan dalam kehidupan manusia untuk mencapai al-Falah. Keseimbangan merupakan sunnah Allah, kehidupan yang seimbang merupakan salah satu esensi ajaran Islam, sehingga umat Islam pun disebut sebagai umat pertengahan (Ummatan wasthan). Ekonomi Islam bertujuan untuk menciptakan kehidupan yang seimbang, yang mencakup antara lain keseimbangan fisik dengan mental, material dengan spiritual, individu dengan sosial, masa kini dengan masa depan, serta dunia dengan akhirat. Hal ini karena, keseimbangan fisik dengan mental, atau material dengan spiritual akan menciptakan kesejahteraraan  holistik  bagi  manusia.  Pembangunan  ekonomi yang terlalu mementingkan aspek material dan mengabaikan aspek spiritual hanya akan melahirkan kebahagiaan semu, bahkan justru menimbulkan petaka.

keywords: Islam, Ekonomi, Keseimbangan
A informalidade como forma: os acordos no fazer judicial do Tribunal do Júri.
Authors: Saenger Nuñez Izabel
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O presente paper trata dos acordos informais, entre defesa e acusação, que acontecem nos processos em trâmite no Tribunal do Júri. A análise desses mecanismos informais mostra como os processos são administrados e fala sobre a “sensibilidade jurídica” inquisitorial presente no “fazer judicial” brasileiro. Analisar os “acordos” informais e a maneira como eles se estabelecem mostra como as decisões formais no processo judicial são, muitas vezes, informadas por “valores morais” e “moralidades situacionais” em contexto e determinam a ação dos agentes no campo. Para sustentar meu argumento, portanto, parto da descrição de três “acordos” presenciados em audiências de instrução e julgamento e um caso de estupro, no qual não houve acordo, embora houvesse “convergência moral” quanto ao seu desfecho.Palavras-chave: Tribunal do Júri; Moralidades; Valores Morais; Interação ***Resumen:Este artículo trata sobre los "acuerdos" informales entre defensa y acusación que ocurren en los casos en trámite en el Tribunal do Juri. El análisis de estos mecanismos informales da cuenta, en primer lugar, de la administración judcial de los casos y, en segundo lugar, de la presencia de la "sensiblidad jurídica" inquisitorial en el "hacer judicial" brasileño. Analizar los "acuerdos" informales y la forma como ellos se establecen muestra cómo las decisiones formales en el proceso judicial son, frecuentemente, informadas por "valores morales" y "moralidades situacionales" construídas en un contexto particular, las cuales determinan la acción de los agentes en el campo. Para dar cuenta de ello, describo tres "acuerdos" observados en audiencias de "instrucción" y "juicio" en un caso de violación, en el cual no hubo acuerdo consenso a pesar de existir "convergencia moral" en relación a su desenlace.Palabras clave: Tribunal do Juri, Moralidades situacionales, Valores morales, Interacción ***Abstract:This paper focus is on informal agreements, between the prosecutor and the defender, in criminal cases judged by the Jury Trial in Brazil. This informal mechanisms analyses shows how the cases are really managed and the legal sensibility, which is inquisitorial in Brazil. Study the agreements, which are not allowed in Brazil, and how do they are established, shows how formal legal decisions are, many times, nourished by moral values and moralities in a context and those set the agents action in the field. In order to support my research I describe three informal agreements I watched during fieldwork, two of them during the pre trial hearings and one in relation to a trial.Key-words: Trial by Jury, Moralities; Moral Values; Interaction
Apresentação
Authors: Villalta Carla , Pablo Matta Juan , Mello Kátia
Published: August 2016

...
Music Performance on 19th-Century Sukuma-Nyamwezi Caravans to the Swahili Coast
Authors: Gunderson Frank
Published: August 2016

This article examines the utility and significance of music performed on 19th- century caravans journeying between the inland East African Sukuma-Nyamwezi and interlacustrine regions, and the Swahili coast. This research will show that through music and â€œsoundscape productionâ€, Sukuma-Nymawezi porters or bapagati maintained their identity and dignity albeit intermittently, in spite of the rigors sustained on the long march.
Historicizing Kwaito
Authors: Steingo Gavin
Published: August 2016

In the standard narrative, kwaito is described as a form of electronic dance music that emerged alongside the democratization of South Africa between Nelson Mandelaâ€™s release from prison (1990) and the democratic elections of 1994. In most cases, scholars have claimed that kwaito emerged as a direct response to the end of apartheid and the birth of the South African â€œrainbow nationâ€. While there is certainly some truth in such a claim, the present essay is an attempt to complicate this rather simplistic and monolithic historical narrative.
The Adoption of the Circumcision Ritual bÃ¨kÃ by the Baka-Pygmies in Southeast Cameroon
Authors: FÃ¼rniss Susanne
Published: August 2016

In this article, I discuss the borrowing of the circumcision ritual bÃ¨kÃ  by the Baka of Cameroon. I will present an in-depth analysis of the ritual system and the music that goes with it, with particular attention to the ritualâ€™s actors and their function.
Notas y perspectivas sobre la Ciudad Rural Sustentable "Santiago El Pinar". Una experiencia en Chiapas, Sureste de México
Authors: Gómez Eduardo Gómez , Gómez Guillermo Montoya
Published: August 2016

Este artículo trata desde la perspectiva crítica los vaivenes de una política gubernamental de desarrollo del Estado mexicano encabezado entonces por el Presidente de la República Felipe Calderón Hinojosa durante el sexenio 2006-2012. Las Ciudades Rurales Sustentables (CRS), como se llamó la política, fueron experimentadas en el suroriental estado de Chiapas generando un gran debate desde las distintas perspectivas y corrientes teóricas de quienes asumieron una postura de análisis y crítica a dicha estrategia. El artículo es fundamentalmente un extracto de las discusiones, caracterizaciones y algunos resultados de la Tesis de licenciatura titulada "La Ciudad Rural Sustentable 'Santiago El Pinar': una realidad socioeconómica. Referencias de la crisis estructural del Estado" (2015) del mismo autor. Se basa en un estudio etnográfico sobre una de las Ciudades Rurales Sustentables más polémicas y criticadas por sus mismas características y contradicciones: la Ciudad Rural Sustentable "Santiago El Pinar", ubicado en el municipio del mismo nombre en el estado de Chiapas, sureste de México. Se pone de relieve una generalización de las características socioeconómicas del municipio y el estudio de la Ciudad Rural Sustentable, las bases que le dieron origen, las justificaciones gubernamentales. El análisis y las reflexiones de este estudio se sujetan de premisas basadas deotras experiencias y de las teorías de la crisis del modo de reproducción y acumulación capitalista, así como los supuestos que identifican una crisis del Estado mexicano y la relación de las Ciudades Rurales Sustentables con estos eventos.
De peones a ejidatarios: identidades, naturaleza y cultura en la zona cafetalera del Soconusco, Escuintla, Chiapas
Authors: Morales Claudia , Farfán Carolina Rivera
Published: August 2016

Se realiza una revisión del proceso de poblamiento y distribución de la tierra en la región fronteriza del sur de México, conocida como el Soconusco, Chiapas. En particular, en el municipio de Escuintla. Asimismo, se presenta un acercamiento al presente etnográfico desde la recreación de la historia local. Para realizar este vínculo se llevó a cabo una búsqueda hemerográfica en el Archivo General de la Nación, con relación a la lucha agraria y el proceso de dotación de tierra. Esta información se hiló con las historias orales de los interlocutores ahora ancianos que me compartieron sus recuerdos de esa época. A través de este diálogo, se pretendió recrear para el lector, lo más nítidamente posible, las percepciones, sensaciones y acontecimientos que tuvieron lugar en la zona de estudio. No sólo se procuró ofrecer información entorno a las disputas por la tierra, sino, también hacer sentir al lector los ambientes descritos. Ya que este contexto ayuda a explicar el mundo de los campesinos que fueron actores de este trascendental momento histórico.
Globalización, Neoliberalismo y Cambios en los Procesos de Producción del Café. Historias de Vida, Cafetales e Culturas
Authors: Montoya María Cristina Aboites , Romero Oliverio Hernández
Published: August 2016

El tema del café y su relevancia en relación con su importancia en el sentido económico y en la vida cotidiana de los mexicanos es más que una bebida que despierta, o según algunos, que no les deja dormir; a ello se le agrega que es uno de los seis principales cultivos que mayor ingresos proporciona a quienes se dedican a exportarlo. La suspensión de las clausulas económicas del comercio internacional del café en julio de 1989, la reestructuración y disminución de la participación estatal en el sector, los daños por cambios climáticos y la enfermedad de la roya de los cafetos, han puesto en crisis a quienes han dependido de su producción para sus ingresos. Este documento describe a partir de quienes lo viven, los efectos que ha ocasionado este fenómeno a la productores en pequeña escala del cultivo del café, ellos fueron los más afectados en sus ingresos por no poder recuperar el valor de su trabajo o por la disminución de la producción y, en algunos casos, por el abandono paulatinamente de sus fincas y/o por haberla transformado en cultivos de productos alternos, y en otros casos, por migrar al "norte" para obtener el ingreso y continuar con sus proyectos de vida. Por ello el tema a abordar el cultivo del café, desde el método de historia de vida, permite acercar la problemática a todo aquel que está ajeno a esta parte social de una gran parte de la población mexicana.
Clave de la Economía en Chimtik-Chenalló-Chiapas Tradición y cambios
Authors: Pérez Elias Pérez
Published: August 2016

En este capítulo, me limitaré a describir las actividades económicas de los habitantes de Chimtik y su importancia para la sobrevivencia de la comunidad. Mencionaré el modo tradicional de conseguir los medios de vida para luego acuñar a las innovaciones en este cambio. Chimtik sigue siendo una comunidad en vías de desarrollo con un grado de ruralidad muy alto. A pesar de esto observamos cambios en la economía local que han generado varias fisuras en la forma de vida tradicional. Pero no quiero insistir en que lo económico determina lo ideológico, como lo hace Marx. Más bien los cambios en las condiciones materiales de la vida de la comunidad acompañan y se entretejen con los cambios al nivel conceptual. Ningún cambio no puede ser percibido como tal sin que se lo ubica en el sistema de conceptos y creencias anteriores. El concepto del cual partiremos es "la tierra".
Sistema de indicadores para aplicações na agricultura familiar na perspectiva do desenvolvimento alternativo: proposição e aplicação em comunidade rural
Authors: Sales Ricélia Maria Marinho , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: August 2016

Esta propositura sugere a necessidade da utilização de formas diferenciadas para analisar o processo de geração do desenvolvimento em escopos geográficos com características específicas, relacionadas a pequenas comunidades rurais. O objetivo geral foi propor e aplicar um sistema de indicadores construído de modo singular para evidenciar que as teorias do desenvolvimento alternativo e do desenvolvimento sustentável são capazes de revelar valores, práticas e costumes essenciais para maior sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar no Nordeste Brasileiro. Em termos metodológicos, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa que possibilitou a estruturação de um sistema de indicadores para ser aplicado em unidades e/ou em comunidades rurais que apresentem características similares à agricultura familiar, no tocante à forma de organização, à viabilidade e ao potencial emancipatório. E os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: levantamento bibliográfico; obtenção de dados primários, dados secundários e, a estruturação do Sistema de Indicadores do Desenvolvimento Alternativo e Sustentável para a Agricultura Familiar (DASAF) e aplicação na Comunidade Rural de Várzea Comprida dos Oliveiras localizada no município de Pombal/PB. Por fim, o resultado revelou que o valor do índice do sistema de indicadores DASAF foi igual a 0,5271. Com isto, demonstra-se que as práticas, os costumes, os valores que nutrem a existência da agricultura familiar, na comunidade apresentaram uma vinculação intermediária com o desenvolvimento alternativo e sustentável.
Una Perspectiva Holística de la Economía Solidaria, Naturaleza y Cultura
Authors: Melo Victoria Puntriano Zuniga de , Araújo Angela Maria Carneiro
Published: August 2016

Este artículo presenta las reflexiones acerca de la economía solidaria en la visión de los principales autores, y en especial, Marcos Arruda y Euclides Mance como representantes de un abordaje perspectiva holística guiada por la teología de la liberación. Se presenta la mándala de la socio economía solidaria dividida en anillos mostrando las posibilidades de ese proyecto en sus diversos niveles, así como el respeto e integración con la naturaleza y cultura, teniendo como marcos el desarrollo integral, la ecología y el individuo social, promoviendo la colaboración solidaria a través de redes. Se muestran algunos datos del segundo mapeo de la economía solidaria realizado por la SENAES del perfil de los asociados y las tipologías identificadas de los emprendimientos económicos solidarios. Los retos para de esta economía solidaria incluyen la búsqueda de la autonomía en un sentido amplio, satisfacer las necesidades en las organizaciones solidarias, promover la organización en redes de colaboración solidaria para su sostenibilidad y el buen vivir.
Comensalidade e Gestão de Recursos Naturais na Festa da Oursinade - Costa Azul Francesa
Authors: Santos Juana de Oliveira
Published: August 2016

Este artigo é fruto do questionamento crítico sobre os caminhos escolhidos pela sociedade contemporânea entre a sustentabilidade e o desenvolvimento, feito por uma pesquisa focada nas inter-relações entre a Festa da Ouriçada de Carry-le-Rouet (Bouches-du-Rhône, França) e a gestão dos recursos naturais. Se, originalmente, a Ouriçada vem da cultura popular de uma comunidade local de pescadores, atualmente ela pode ser considerada como uma festividade gastronômica tradicional do sul da França, que movimenta a economia regional. Assim, analisa-se as formas de sociação, as dinâmicas, a complexidade e, sobretudo, a singularidade da manifestação em estudo, através de uma metodologia qualitativa, visando a melhor compreensão de seus elementos culturais, históricos, sociais e ambientais. Para tanto, aplicou-se a observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com ênfase na oralidade.
Uma Estratégia para a Sustentabilidade das Comunidades de Terreiros de Candomblé
Authors: Conceição Sueli Santos , Trevizan Salvador Dal Pozzo
Published: August 2016

O texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre a viabilidade do etnodesenvolvimento local para as comunidades de terreiros de candomblé, a partir da manutenção das suas tradições, pautadas na fitolatria (culto e adoração às plantas), como base de sua existência material e simbólica. O comportamento comunitário e uma linguagem próprios, regime interno bem definido, gastronomia peculiar, bem como símbolos, podem ser considerados sinais diacríticos que diferenciam as comunidades de terreiros de candomblé, assim como configuram-nas como populações tradicionais. O objetivo principal do trabalho é identificar as potencialidades das comunidades de terreiros em relação à sustentabilidade dos mesmos, a partir de suas práticas relativas ao uso dos componentes da natureza, em particular a flora. Com o propósito de avaliar a sustentabilidade das comunidades tradicionais de terreiros de candomblé – com base na sua identidade étnica – e nos direitos culturais para salvaguarda do seu patrimônio material e imaterial, vislumbra-se seu potencial produtivo para o etnodesenvolvimento local. A revisão bibliográfica e observação participante da pesquisa-ação são os métodos utilizados para subsidiar a contribuição ora apresentada. Com foco na diversidade étnica que formou as comunidades de terreiros de candomblé e na avaliação da execução de políticas públicas direcionadas à salvaguarda do patrimônio material /imaterial e à geração de emprego e renda para as comunidades de terreiros, permitindo construir perspectivas para o desenvolvimento local.
Modeling the Economic Feasibility of Large‐Scale Net‐Zero Water Management: A Case Study
Authors: Guo Tianjiao , Englehardt James D. , Fallon Howard J.
Published: August 2016

While municipal direct potable water reuse (DPR) has been recommended for consideration by the U.S. National Research Council, it is unclear how to size new closed‐loop DPR plants, termed “net‐zero water (NZW) plants”, to minimize cost and energy demand assuming upgradient water distribution. Based on a recent model optimizing the economics of plant scale for generalized conditions, the authors evaluated the feasibility and optimal scale of NZW plants for treatment capacity expansion in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. Local data on population distribution and topography were input to compare projected costs for NZW vs the current plan. Total cost was minimized at a scale of 49 NZW plants for the service population of 671,823. Total unit cost for NZW systems, which mineralize chemical oxygen demand to below normal detection limits, is projected at ~$10.83 / 1000 gal, approximately 13% above the current plan and less than rates reported for several significant U.S. cities.
Potential Water Reuse for High Strength Fruit and Vegetable Processor Wastewater with an MBR
Authors: Moore Adam W. , Zytner Richard G. , Chang Sheng
Published: August 2016

High strength food processing wastewater from two processing plants was studied to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) to reduce BOD, TSS and nutrients below municipal sewer discharge limits. The MBR comprised a 20 L lab‐scale reactor combined with a flat sheet, ultrafiltration membrane module. The parameters studied included the operational flux, solids and hydraulic retention times and recirculation ratio with regards to nitrification/denitrification. The MBR system provided excellent removal efficiency at 97% COD, 99% BOD, 99.9% TSS, 90% TKN, and 60% TP for both processing plants, which eliminated the surcharges, allowing the firms to stay competitive. Effluent reuse tests showed that activated carbon proved effective in removing color from the MBR permeate, while UV treatment was able to achieve a 5 log reduction in bacteriophage. Overall, these treatment successes show the potential for water reuse in the agrifood sector.
Rare Combinations of Late Complications of Acute Pancreatitis and Other Diseases
Authors: Bidiuk D. M. , Furtak A. I. , Mykush A. M.
Published: August 2016

Acute pancreatitis is a severe surgical disease which can be accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding and bleeding from pancreatic pseudocysts, bowel obstruction, and perforations of peptic ulcers. The cases in which the aforementioned pathological processes were the main cause of hospitalization and lesions of the pancreas (abscess, pseudocyst) were diagnosed during treatment as a background disease are noteworthy. Clinical development and treatment of the disease were analyzed in 5 patients with the following basic pathologies: perforations of peptic ulcers (2 patients), ulcerous bleeding (1 patient), adhesive bowel obstruction (1 patient), myelofibrosis, splenomegaly (1 patient). During treatment, all the patients developed symptoms of late complications of necrotizing pancreatitis in the form of pseudocysts and abscesses which were not diagnosed before hospitalization and were characterized by an asymptomatic course. Based on the anamnesis it was revealed that all the patients were previously treated in surgical department with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The possibility of an uncontrolled asymptomatic development of late complications of acute pancreatitis which further manifest themselves as background pathology and aggravate the course of other diseases was emphasized.
Differentiated approach to surgical treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of supra-aortic arteries
Authors: Kopolovets I. , Berek P. , Sihotsky V. , Kubikova M. , Torma N. , Stefanic P. , Frankovicova M.
Published: August 2016

Atherosclerotic lesions of the supra-aortic arteries are mainly localized in the carotid artery bifurcations – 57%, the subclavian artery – 18%, the vertebral arteries – 14%, the brachiocephalic trunk and the common carotid artery – 11%.Objective. Theobjective of the research was to systematize the principles of surgical treatment of patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the supra-aortic arteries taking into consideration their polymorbidity and the multicentricity of atherosclerosis.Materials and methods. The results of surgical reconstruction of the supra-aortic arteries in 468 patients were analyzed.All the patients were divided into two groups.Group I included 276 (59%) patients with previous surgical or endovascular intervention on any vascular territory for treatment of atherosclerotic lesions being admitted to the hospital for elective surgery on the extracranial arteries.Group II included 192 (41%) patients without previous surgical and invasive treatments of arterial pathology being hospitalized for surgery on the supra-aortic arteries.Results. In Group I, according to the objective and clinical methods of examination, the patients’ condition was more critical due to somatic and intraoperative risk. When analyzing the results of postoperative complications there was no statistically significant difference between both groups (p<0.05).The overall rate for serious complications (acute cerebrovascular disease and myocardial infarction) in both groups was 3.4%; the mortality rate was 1.1%.Conclusions. 1. Approximately 87% of surgical reconstructions of the aortic arch branches are aimed at the prevention of acute cerebrovascular disease. 2. Surgical treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of the supra-aortic arteries allows us to achieve good postoperative results (the overall rate for serious complications – 3.4%, the mortality rate –1.1%).
Choice of Thyroid Nodules Treatment
Authors: Shidlovskyy A. V.
Published: August 2016

Introduction. Questions regarding indications and contraindications to the use of minimally invasive technologies in the treatment of various types of thyroid nodules remain still disputable. The objective of the research was to analyse the results of minimally invasive technologies use in the treatment of thyroid nodules and develop the indications for their use.Materials and methods. Results of treatment of 643 patients with thyroid nodules were analysed. Results. Indications to separate use of minimally invasive techniques and cases where they should be combined were determined. The absence of harmful effects of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy and sclerotherapy with 70 % ethanol on paranodular tissue was proven. High efficiency of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy in the treatment of functional autonomy of thyroid nodules with gradual achievement of clinical and laboratory stable euthyroidism was observed.Conclusions. When the indications to their use are observed, minimally invasive technologies result in the nodule replacement unit with the connective tissue in 98% of cases.
A New Concept of Enhancing the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Therapy of Pyo-Inflammatory Diseases in Children
Authors: Davydenko V. B. , Mishyna M. M. , Myasoedov V. V. , Pashchenko Yu. V. , Shtyker S. Yu. , Davydenko N. V. , Pashchenko K. Yu.
Published: August 2016

Pyo-inflammatory diseases are quite common among various surgical diseases in children. Etiotropic antimicrobial therapy of these conditions is of primary importance. Modern pathogenic bacteria possess a high degree of drug resistance to antimicrobials, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of treatment and contributes to the spread of infection and the development of pyo-inflammatory complications.The objective of the research was to study peculiar properties of virulence factors production by S. aureus within 24 hours as well as to determine on this basis the directions of improving the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy of pyo-inflammatory diseases in children.Materials and methods. There were conducted in vitro experimental microbiological studies concerning the study of the daily dynamics of virulence factors of causative agents of purulent-inflammatory diseases in children. The materials for the study were as follows: wound tissues, purulent exudate, dressings and suture material, catheters and drainage elements.Results. Microbiological studies revealed that drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms originates from the production of various factors of bacterial aggression including the formation of biofilms. The study showed that the level of production of virulence factors and the sensitivity of S. aureus to antimicrobial agents were not constant over the day. Recorded peaks of increasing adhesive activity, teichoic acids content, production of planktonic cells and formation of dense biofilms by S. aureus depended on the time of administration of antimicrobials and maximum concentration of the medication in an organism.Conclusions. The regularity observed allowed us to develop a new concept to increase the efficiency of treatment of pyo-inflammatory diseases in children by means of change in the time for administration of antimicrobial agents during the day so that the period of maximum action would coincide with periods of minimal drug resistance of pathogens. This will allow us to significantly improve the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy without increasing doses of medications that are administered.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Risk of CKD Progression in Children
Authors: Portale Anthony A. , Wolf Myles S. , Messinger Shari , Perwad Farzana , Jüppner Harald , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan L. , Salusky Isidro B.
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives

Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations increase early in the course of CKD in children. High FGF23 levels associate with progression of CKD in adults. Whether FGF23 predicts CKD progression in children is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We tested the hypothesis that high plasma FGF23 is an independent risk factor for CKD progression in 419 children, aged 1–16 years, enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study. We measured plasma FGF23 concentrations at baseline and determined GFR annually using plasma disappearance of iohexol or the CKiD study estimating equation. We analyzed the association of baseline FGF23 with risk of progression to the composite end point, defined as start of dialysis or kidney transplantation or 50% decline from baseline GFR, adjusted for demographics, baseline GFR, proteinuria, other CKD-specific factors, and other mineral metabolites.

Results

At enrollment, median age was 11 years [interquartile range (IQR), 8–15], GFR was 44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (IQR, 33–57), and FGF23 was 132 RU/ml (IQR, 88–200). During a median follow-up of 5.5 years (IQR, 3.5–6.6), 32.5% of children reached the progression end point. Higher FGF23 concentrations were independently associated with higher risk of the composite outcome (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 2.52 in the highest versus lowest FGF23 tertile; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 4.39, P=0.002; fully adjusted hazard ratio, 1.33 per doubling of FGF23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.56, P=0.001). The time to progression was 40% shorter for participants in the highest compared with the lowest FGF23 tertile. In contrast, serum phosphorus, vitamin D metabolites, and parathyroid hormone did not consistently associate with progression in adjusted analyses.

Conclusions

High plasma FGF23 is an independent risk factor for CKD progression in children.
TINGKAT KOLONISASI PERAKARAN BIBIT PISANG JANTAN YANG DIINOKULASI DENGAN BEBERAPA DOSIS INOKULAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA SERTA LAMA PEMBERIAN FOSFAT
Authors: Novi Novi , Rizki Rizki
Published: August 2016

Male banana is one of the varieties of bananas that becomes a main commodity of West Sumatra. As a main commodity, then growth, quality and productivity need to be maintained and improved. Soil microbial technology application, such as the development of biological agents of Fungi Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), is one of the strategies need to be tested and developed to support the development of a national program of healthy banana seedlings as well as issues of pressing environmental preservation based fertilizers and chemical pesticides. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and tissue culture and greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Andalas, Padang. This research used an experimental method arranged in a factorial completely-randomized design consisting of two factors with three replications. Factor A: Dose mycorrhizae (A0 = no inoculation, A1 = 5 g inoculant FMA PU10, A2 = 10 g inoculant FMA PU10, A3 = 15 g inoculant PU10, A4 = 20 g inoculant PU10. Factor B: Timing of phosphate (B0 = 0 HSI inoculant FMA PU10 B1 = 10 HSI inoculant FMA PU10, B2 = 20 HSI inoculant FMA PU10, B3 = 30 HSI inoculant FMA PU10, B4 = 40 HSI inoculant FMA PU10). The research shows that inoculation of inoculant FMA on different doses give a significant effect on the percentage of male banana seedling of root colonization. Where dosing 10 grams (A2) shows that the highest root colonization percentage compared with other treatments equals to 53. 33%. The provision of phosphate on 30th day of  HSI Mycorrhizae shows that the highest percentage of colonization is 45.55%.
EFEKTIFITAS LEMBAR KERJA MAHASISWA (LKM) STRUKTUR ALJABAR
Authors: Yunita Alfi , Septia Tika
Published: August 2016

Algebra structure is a branch of abstract mathematics, which is generally more difficult than the other more concrete branches of mathematics. The on going problems in the subject of  Algebra structure is the students do not understand about the concept of algebra structures, so that students have difficulty in using theories or theorems in evidence. In addition, another cause is the algebra structure of the teaching material is too abstract, so that students are less motivated to read supporting books and it causes low student activities. There may be one way to improve the motivation, activity and learning outcomes of students like using the Student Worksheet (MFIs). The purpose of this research was to develop an effective MFI Guided on the subject of Algebraic Structures in STKIP PGRI West Sumatra. This type of research was a developmental research. This research used 4-D models composed of 4 phases: definition phase (define), the design (design), development (develop) and spread (disseminate). In the deployment phase of the trial is limited to classes only. Effectiveness was analyzed through the observation student activity during lectures, student motivation by providing motivation questionnaire after using Guided MFI and student outcomes. Data analysis was analyzed descriptively with the results after using Guided MFIs in the subject of Algebra structure can enhance the activity, motivation and learning outcomes of students. The level of student mastery learning outcomes is more than 68%. It means that MFI Guided is effective in improving the student learning outcomes. The results show that the MFIs Guided on the subject of Algebra Structure developed has been effectively used as a teaching material for students.
SISTEM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN LAMA MASA STUDI DAN IPK MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY TAHANI
Authors: Aklani Saeful Anas
Published: August 2016

In accordance with the demands of the academic accreditation or accreditation forms STKIP PGRI West Sumatra requires data on how long the period of study the student and indexstudent achievement when completing educationpresentation of these data can be difficult in a system to analyze the data because it does not exist, the authors conducted research on decision-making system to determine how long the period of study and indexstudent achievement with fuzzy Tahani database where all the data contained in the database of academic portal campus.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN PSIKOMOTOR PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN KELAS XI SMA
Authors: Maharani Ade Dewi , Aima Zulfitri
Published: August 2016

The result of supervision and evaluation of  KTSP 2009 finds some things that become difficulties for teachers in managing the psychomotor assessment tools. Difficulties referred to, among others, how to determine the operational verb in accordance with the level of competence in psychomotor, techniques to develop indicators of achievement in the field of psychomotor, assessment tools and strategies to prepare the appropriate exam materials related to characteristics of psychomotor aspects and how to carry out an objective assessment, so that the necessary development of assessment instruments psychomotor valid and practical in the material of digestive system. This research is a development (research for the development) that uses model Fenrich, namely analysis (analysis), planning (planning), design (design), development (development), implementation evalution (implementation), evalution (evaluation) and revision (revision) Implementationdan evalution phase was not conducted. Validation of data was obtained from the validation sheet filled out by experts and practical that were obtained from a questionnaire completed by the practitioner. Validity measured includes material aspects, aspects of instrument construction, and aspects of the language. The practicalities of measuring the ease of designing and using assessment instruments psychomotor developed. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis in the form persentage.Instrument of psychomotor assessment on the material digestive system is designed in the form of performance assessment, products, projects which are completed with assessment rubrics of each instrument. The tests of psychomotor assessment instruments are categorized as very valid with an average value for the performance appraisal instrument (performance) i.e. 90.3%, 92.2% is product assessment instruments, and project assesment insrument i.e.97.4%. While the level of psychomotor assessment instruments is categorized practicality with an average value i.e 72.23%.
INDUKSI KEJUTAN SUHU 360 C TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN KEBERHASILAN POLIPLOIDISASI KATAK (Rana cancrivora)
Authors: Kasmeri Ria , Safitri Elza
Published: August 2016

Polyploidy in the frog Rana cancrivora can be done by providing a temperature shock. The thing need to consider in treatment temperature shock at  the egg is the beginning of a shock, temperature of shock and duration of shock. The research aims to identify and test the effect of temperature shock 36⁰C to the development of the embryo, and the success of poliploidisation of frog R. Cancrivora. The research was conducted in Biology Laboratory STKIP PGRI West Sumatra. The results shows that administration of 36⁰C temperature shock on egg fertilization influences on the development of frog embryos R. Cancrivora i.e. on the treatment D (45 minutes after fertilization). Yet, the temperature shock is 36⁰C does not show any influence on the success of poliploidisation of frog R. Cancrivora.
KOMPOSISI MAKANAN (DIET) DUA SPESIES KODOK BUFO MELANOSTICTUS, SCHNEIDER (1799) DAN BUFO ASPER, GRAVENHORST (1829) DI DARATAN TINGGI DAN DATARAN RENDAH SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Wati Meliya , Hidayat Yosmed
Published: August 2016

An abiotic factor is one of the different factors in the composition of food, including frogs. The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of the diet or the food and habitat Two Toads Species Bufo (Phrynoides) asper and Bufo (Duttaphrynus) melanostictus in the Highlands and Lowlands of West Sumatra. The sampling used direct collecting method on the site (Ruler and Iskandar, 2003) and research method refers to methods of Sole et.al. (2005) by analyzing the stomach contents of frogs and counting the number and type of animals eaten. Results of the analysis describes the comparison of animals eaten by frog based on the type and location of the research. The results show that the composition of the highest food contained in the stomach B. melanostictus derived from Plateau. Most insects eaten by frogs are ordo of Hymenoptera of the family Formicidae. Food composition ratio between the two frog species show that B melanostictus has the highest food composition compared to B. asper.