bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Persistent Exposure to COVID-19 on Mental Health and Burnout Outcomes Among Trainees: A Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Goss Charles W. , Duncan Jennifer , Lou Sunny S. , Holzer Katherine J. , Evanoff Bradley A. , Kannampallil Thomas
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The rapid spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created considerable strain on the physical and mental health of healthcare workers around the world. The effects have been acute for physician trainees—a unique group functioning simultaneously as learners and care providers with limited autonomy.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the longitudinal effects of physician trainee exposure to patients being tested for COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, depression and burnout using three surveys conducted during the early phase of the pandemic.

METHODS

All physician trainees (N=1375) at an academic medical center were invited to participate in a web-based survey. Multivariable models were used to assess the relationship between repeated exposure to patients being tested for COVID-19 and stress, anxiety, depression and burnout.

RESULTS

389 trainees completed the baseline survey (28.3%). Of these, 191 and 136 responded to the ensuing surveys. Mean stress, anxiety and burnout decreased by 21% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -28% to -12%; P < 0.001), 25% (95% CI: -36% to -11%; P < 0.001) and 13% (95% CI: -18% to -7%; P < 0.001), respectively per survey. However, for each survey time point, there was mean increase in stress, anxiety and burnout per additional exposure: stress [24% (95% CI: +12% to +38%; P < 0.001)], anxiety [22%, (95% CI: +2% to +46%; P = 0.026)], burnout [18%, (95% CI: +10% to +28%; P < 0.001)]. For depression, the association between exposure was strongest for the third survey, where mean depression scores increased by 33% per additional exposure (95% CI: +18% to +50%; P = <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Training programs should adapt to address the detrimental effects of the “pile up” of distress associated with persistent exposure through adaptive programs that allow flexibility for time off and recovery.
Authors' Reply to: COVID-19 as a “Force Majeure” for Non–COVID-19 Clinical and Translational Research. Comment on “Analysis of Scientific Publications During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Topic Modeling Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Älgå Andreas , Eriksson Oskar , Nordberg Martin
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

No abstract
The performance of artificial intelligence-driven technologies in diagnosing mental disorders: An umbrella review (Preprint)
Authors: Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Schneider Jens , Alhuwail Dari , Toro Carla T , Ahmed Arfan , Alajlani Mohannad , Househ Mowafa
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Diagnosing mental disorders is usually not an easy task and requires a large amount of time and effort given the complex nature of mental disorders. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully exploited in diagnosing many mental disorders. Numerous systematic reviews summarize the evidence on the accuracy of AI models in diagnosing different mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This umbrella review aims to synthesize results of previous systematic reviews on the performance of AI models in diagnosing mental disorders.

METHODS

To identify relevant systematic reviews, we searched 11 electronic databases, checked the reference list of the included reviews, and checked the reviews that cited the included reviews. Two reviewers independently selected the relevant reviews, extracted the data from them, and appraised their quality. We synthesized the extracted data using the narrative approach. Specifically, results of the included reviews were grouped based on the target mental disorders that the AI classifiers distinguish.

RESULTS

We included 15 systematic reviews of 852 citations identified by searching all databases. The included reviews assessed the performance of AI models in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (n=7), mild cognitive impairment (n=6), schizophrenia (n=3), bipolar disease (n=2), autism spectrum disorder (n=1), obsessive-compulsive disorder (n=1), post-traumatic stress disorder (n=1), and psychotic disorders (n=1). The performance of the AI models in diagnosing these mental disorders ranged between 21% and 100%.

CONCLUSIONS

AI technologies offer great promise in diagnosing mental health disorders. The reported performance metrics paint a vivid picture of a bright future for AI in this field. To expedite progress towards these technologies being incorporated into routine practice, we recommend that healthcare professionals in the field cautiously and consciously begin to explore the opportunities of AI-based tools for their daily routine. It would also be encouraging to see a greater number of meta-analyses and further systematic reviews on performance of AI models in diagnosing other common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety.

CLINICALTRIAL

CRD42021231558
Using a Real-Time Locating System to Evaluate the Impact of Telemedicine in an Emergency Department During COVID-19: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Patel Birju , Vilendrer Stacie , Kling Samantha M R , Brown Ian , Ribeira Ryan , Eisenberg Matthew , Sharp Christopher
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine has been deployed by health care systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to enable health care workers to provide remote care for both outpatients and inpatients. Although it is reasonable to suspect telemedicine visits limit unnecessary personal contact and thus decrease the risk of infection transmission, the impact of the use of such technology on clinician workflows in the emergency department is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to use a real-time locating system (RTLS) to evaluate the impact of a new telemedicine platform, which permitted clinicians located outside patient rooms to interact with patients who were under isolation precautions in the emergency department, on in-person interaction between health care workers and patients.

METHODS

A pre-post analysis was conducted using a badge-based RTLS platform to collect movement data including entrances and duration of stay within patient rooms of the emergency department for nursing and physician staff. Movement data was captured between March 2, 2020, the date of the first patient screened for COVID-19 in the emergency department, and April 20, 2020. A new telemedicine platform was deployed on March 29, 2020. The number of entrances and duration of in-person interactions per patient encounter, adjusted for patient length of stay, were obtained for pre- and postimplementation phases and compared with t tests to determine statistical significance.

RESULTS

There were 15,741 RTLS events linked to 2662 encounters for patients screened for COVID-19. There was no significant change in the number of in-person interactions between the pre- and postimplementation phases for both nurses (5.7 vs 7.0 entrances per patient, P=.07) and physicians (1.3 vs 1.5 entrances per patient, P=.12). Total duration of in-person interactions did not change (56.4 vs 55.2 minutes per patient, P=.74) despite significant increases in telemedicine videoconference frequency (0.6 vs 1.3 videoconferences per patient, P<.001 for change in daily average) and duration (4.3 vs 12.3 minutes per patient, P<.001 for change in daily average).

CONCLUSIONS

Telemedicine was rapidly adopted with the intent of minimizing pathogen exposure to health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet RTLS movement data did not reveal significant changes for in-person interactions between staff and patients under investigation for COVID-19 infection. Additional research is needed to better understand how telemedicine technology may be better incorporated into emergency departments to improve workflows for frontline health care clinicians.
Increases in Naloxone Administrations by Emergency Medical Services Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Time Series Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khoury Dalia , Preiss Alexander , Geiger Paul , Anwar Mohd , Conway Kevin Paul
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The opioid crisis in the United States may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increases in opioid use, emergency medical services (EMS) runs for opioid-related overdoses, and opioid overdose deaths have been reported. No study has examined changes in multiple naloxone administrations, an indicator of overdose severity, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines changes in the occurrence of naloxone administrations and multiple naloxone administrations during EMS runs for opioid-related overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guilford County, North Carolina (NC).

METHODS

Using a period-over-period approach, we compared the occurrence of opioid-related EMS runs, naloxone administrations, and multiple naloxone administrations during the 29-week period before (September 1, 2019, to March 9, 2020) and after NC’s COVID-19 state of emergency declaration (ie, the COVID-19 period of March 10 to September 30, 2020). Furthermore, historical data were used to generate a quasi-control distribution of period-over-period changes to compare the occurrence of each outcome during the COVID-19 period to each 29-week period back to January 1, 2014.

RESULTS

All outcomes increased during the COVID-19 period. Compared to the previous 29 weeks, the COVID-19 period experienced increases in the weekly mean number of opioid-related EMS runs (25.6, SD 5.6 vs 18.6, SD 6.6; P<.001), naloxone administrations (22.3, SD 6.2 vs 14.1, SD 6.0; P<.001), and multiple naloxone administrations (5.0, SD 1.9 vs 2.7, SD 1.9; P<.001), corresponding to proportional increases of 37.4%, 57.8%, and 84.8%, respectively. Additionally, the increases during the COVID-19 period were greater than 91% of all historical 29-week periods analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS

The occurrence of EMS runs for opioid-related overdoses, naloxone administrations, and multiple naloxone administrations during EMS runs increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guilford County, NC. For a host of reasons that need to be explored, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated the opioid crisis.
Development, Acceptance, and Concerns Surrounding App-Based Services to Overcome the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Jihwan , Han Jinhyun , Kim Yerin , Rho Mi Jung
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, South Korea has been engaged in various efforts to overcome the pandemic. One of them is to provide app-based COVID-19–related services to the public. As the pandemic continues, a need for various apps has emerged, including COVID-19 apps that can support activities aimed at overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine which apps were considered the most necessary according to users and evaluate the current status of the development of COVID-19–related apps in South Korea. We also aimed to determine users’ acceptance and concerns related to using apps to support activities to combat COVID-19.

METHODS

We collected data from 1148 users from a web-based survey conducted between November 11 and December 6, 2020. Basic statistical analysis, multiple response analysis, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed using R software. We then manually classified the current status of the development of COVID-19–related apps.

RESULTS

In total, 68.4% (785/1148) of the respondents showed high willingness to protect themselves from COVID-19 by using related apps. Users considered the epidemiological investigation app to be the most necessary app (709/1148, 61.8%) overall, followed by the self-management app for self-isolation (613/1148, 53.4%), self-route management app (605/1148, 52.7%), COVID-19 symptom management app (483/1148, 42.1%), COVID-19–related information provision app (339/1148, 29.5%), and mental health management app (270/1148, 23.5%). Despite the high intention to use these apps, users were also concerned about privacy issues and media exposure. Those who had an underlying disease and had experience using COVID-19–related apps showed significantly higher intentions to use those apps (P=.05 and P=.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Targeting users is very important in order to design and develop the most necessary apps. Furthermore, to gain the public’s trust and make the apps available to as many people as possible, it is vital to develop diverse apps in which privacy protection is maximized.
Prasugrel and Ticagrelor in Patients with Drug-Eluting Stents and Kidney Failure
Authors: Mavrakanas Thomas A. , Kamal Omer , Charytan David M.
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

Prasugrel and ticagrelor have superior efficacy compared with clopidogrel in moderate CKD but have not been studied in kidney failure. The study objective is to determine the effectiveness and safety of prasugrel and ticagrelor in kidney failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This retrospective cohort study used United States Renal Data System data from 2012 to 2015. We identified all patients on dialysis who received a drug-eluting stent and were alive at 90 days after stent implantation. Inverse probability–weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used. Weights were estimated with propensity scores for multiple treatments.

Results

This cohort included 6648 patients on clopidogrel, 621 on prasugrel, and 449 on ticagrelor. A total of 3279 primary composite (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and 2120 clinically relevant bleeding events were observed. The incidence of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 12 months was similar across the three treatment groups. The absolute event rate in the unweighted cohort was 144 events per 100 patient-years for clopidogrel, 126 for prasugrel, and 161 for ticagrelor. For prasugrel versus clopidogrel, the weighted hazard ratio was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.11; P=0.58). For ticagrelor versus clopidogrel, the hazard ratio was 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). A numerically higher incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was seen with prasugrel or ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel (weighted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.38 and weighted hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.40, respectively).

Conclusions

Prasugrel or ticagrelor does not seem to be associated with significant benefits compared with clopidogrel in patients with kidney failure treated with drug-eluting stents.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_04_02_CJN12120720.mp3
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN A NEW TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF A TRIBAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA
Authors: NAIK MANAS RANJAN , DASH MANORANJAN , BEHERA BIBHU PRASAD , SWAIN TRUPTI REKHA
Published: April 2021

Objective: India accounts for about one-fourth of the global TB burden. WHO TB statistics for India for 2018 gives an estimated incidence fig. of 2.69 million cases (199 per one lakh population). Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of the TB patient if these drugs continued after symptoms of hepatotoxicity develop. Whether the hepatotoxicity is due to individual drugs or due to additive effects is still unclear. The management therapy for TB patients with anti-TB DIH is imperative to ensure successful TB treatment and not recurrence DIH. Aim of the current study is to find out the pattern of Liver enzyme raised after antitubercular therapy in the tribal population of Koraput district where different phylogenetic populations reside where clinically it was observed by the physician little early onset of hepatotoxicity than national and international data.

Methods: A prospective study was done after clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College, Koraput, from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with>15 y of age with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with normal liver enzymes were included. Patients having abnormal liver enzymes before treatment, seropositive TB patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, pregnant ladies and children<15 y of age were excluded.

Results: Out of 922 patients in total; 4.78% (44) tuberculosis patients developed anti TB DIH. 68.18% (30) patients are below 50 y of age and 31.82% (14) are above 50 y of age group among TB patients with DIH. Age has no statistically significant influence on the occurrence of anti-TB DIH, but there is a statistically significant influence of sex on the occurrence of anti TB DIH. The mean occurrence of anti TB DIH is 18±18.16 d. One case of anti TB DIH patients shows signs and symptoms as early as on day 6th. The commonest symptoms are nausea and vomiting in 64% of patients who developed DIH. Interruption of ATT after DIH occurred in 79.54% of patients with recurrence in only 9.9% of patients after the reintroduction of ATT.

Conclusion: Anti TB DIH mostly occurred between 7-28 d of starting the ATT in this geographical region. The duration of the anti TB ATT regimen is prolonged due to DIH. We recommend that all patients should have LTs 2 w after starting ATT, even if asymptomatic.
Calculated assessment of the impact of geometric deviations from the design on the parameters of mechanical safety of building metal structures within the framework of scientific and technical support for construction
Authors: Belostotsky Alexander M. , Dmitriev Dmitry S. , Petryashev Sergey O. , Nagibovich Tatyana E.
Published: April 2021

An important part of scientific and technical support of civil engineering facilities at a construction stage - evaluation of influence of fluctuations from a designed geometry onto mechanical safety parameters of load-bearing metal structures - is considered. A multi-tier structure (industrial frame tower) is employed to demonstrate main features of such an assessment. Given is an approach to an analysis of as-built documentation and to a choice of most significant fluctuations of structural metal elements from a designed geometry. Effect of erection sequence being taken into consideration, the so-called genetic non-linearity, during computational estimation of a stress-strain state of metal structures mounted with deviations from their design positions is investigated. Results of static and dynamic analyses of designed and as-built (with geometry fluctuations taken into consideration) models of the multi-level industrial frame tower are obtained and compared with each other. Basing on these results, guidelines for computational assessment of effects of fluctuations from a designed geometry onto mechanical safety parameters of similar frame systems are formulated.
FROM THE NEW METAPHYSICS TO THE BASES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
Authors: Volkova L. P
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the foundations of a new metaphysics in the historical and informationalrelational aspects. The connection of these issues with the physics of the interaction of elementary particles is emphasized and analyzed. The analogy of concepts in physics and computer science is revealed. The results of a thought experiment on building the structure of switching information flows in physical and mathematical research are analyzed and explained. The experiment is analyzed on the basis of logical conclusions and introduced analogies. The conclusion is drawn on the legality of the transition from a new metaphysics to the foundations of fundamental physics. It is proposed to consider the new approach information and relational.
LEIBNIZ'S PRINCIPLE OF PRE-ESTABLISHED HARMONY AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS PHENOMENON
Authors: Perminov V. Ya
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of Leibniz's principle of pre-established harmony, with the help of which he tried to explain the apparent harmony between spirit and body. It is shown that in the 19th and 20th centuries this principle underwent significant refinement and acquired the status of a position important for the philosophy and methodology of science.
A MODEL OF PHYSICAL SPACE-TIME AS A TRAJECTORY OF A RANDOM PROCESS IN EXTERNAL PARAMETRIC TIME
Authors: Koganov A. V
Published: April 2021

A model of physical space-time in the form of a trace from a random walk on the support of some finitely generated algebra is considered. The generating set of elements is considered as a set of initial events of the physical world, and all points generated by wandering are interpreted as their consequences. The special properties of such a model allow us to obtain interesting conclusions about the possible causes of the pseudo-Euclidean metric of our world and its 3 + 1 dimension. Such effects as the expansion of the Universe with low acceleration, gravitational deformation of the metric and the superposition of the states of quantum particles get their explanation. There is an effect of duality of the description of physical interactions as long-range or short-range interaction.
ABOUT THE INFORMATION MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE AND ITS CIVILIZATION PROSPECTS
Authors: Kruglyi A. L
Published: April 2021

The consequences of the Wheeler hypothesis that bits are the primary elements of the universe are considered, provided that it is true. An information model of the universe should be created, as a hierarchy of information models of phenomena, which should be based on a single information theory of the microworld. The information model of the universe is relational from a physical point of view and idealistic from a philosophical one. According to a minimal assessment, the performance of a proton, as an information processing process, is comparable to the most powerful supercomputers, which gives an idea of the informational complexity of phenomena. To build information models of complex phenomena, it is necessary to develop a concept of the meaning of information as a physical characteristic. Physics develops along the path of identifying and analyzing elementary cause-effect relationships. The development of systems for working with big data opens up an alternative opportunity to study complex correlations and cause-effect relationships of phenomena that are currently out of sight, and to build relevant information models. Based on these models, it is possible to develop technologies for managing natural phenomena as information interaction. The information model of the universe leads to a view of universal evolution as an information process that can go into the stage of evolution of purely informational beings and the intelligent control of the universe.
THE PERIODIC SYSTEM OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Gryaznov A. Yu
Published: April 2021

Three approaches to the problem of systematization of chemical elements are considered: by atomic weight (Mendeleev), by the structure of the electron shell (Thomson, Bohr) and by the structure of the nucleus (Burtayev). The difficulties of the first two approaches are discussed, and ways of their solution are indicated on the basis of the concepts of the structure of atomic nuclei developed by Yu.V. Burtayev.
METAPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL OF THE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES PHYSICS AND THE HISTORY OF ITS CREATION
Authors: Vizgin Vl. P.
Published: April 2021

Metaphysical aspects of the standard model (SM) of the modern elementary particles theory are considered. This article briefly views a history of the formation of the SM (from fundamental paper of C. Yang and R. Mills (1954) to the completion of electroweak theory and quantum chromodynamics in the early 1970s). Three groups of the interrelated metaphysical aspects are discussed: local gauge symmetry’s structure of the theory, problem of the truth and reality and the role of the metaphysical factors in the construction of the theory. Scientific-realistic nature of the SM creator’s metaphysical views are emphasized. A. Einstein’s model of the theory’s construction (with “Einstein’s arc”), E. Wigner’s three layer scheme of the structure and the development of the scientific knowledge (with the symmetry principles as a main layer) and S.I. Vavilov’s “mistakability” сonception of the scientific knowledge development are proposed for the study of the metaphysical factors and their role in the formation of the SM.
STATISTICAL ORIGIN OF QUANTUM DESCRIPTION AND MIE-EINSTEIN FIELD PARADIGME
Authors: Rybakov Yu. P
Published: April 2021

We discuss the statistical origin of quantum theoretical description and show that within the scope of the Mie-Einstein field approach, with particles being considered as lumps of some material field satisfying nonlinear equations, such a description appears to be natural and inevitable since it is impossible to specify initial conditions for the extended particle-soliton. Beside this, it is shown that on solitons’ basis, the special stochastic representation of quantum mechanics can be constructed, the latter one being equivalent to the theory of nonlocal hidden variables.
EXACT SCALE INVARIANCE IN THE ERA OF THE BIG BANG BEGINNING AS A PROBLEM OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
Authors: Frolov B. N
Published: April 2021

Based on the ideas of E. Harrison and Ya.B. Zel’dovich, a hypothesis is formulated on the exact scale symmetry of the Universe in the era of the Big Bang beginning and on the cause of the Big Bang as a spontaneous violation of exact scale invariance. It is argued that this concept of exact scale symmetry is a challenge to modern concepts of fundamental physics in the mathematical, physical, cosmological, quantum-mechanical and metaphysical aspects. Each of the aspects is analyzed.
AN ARTIFICIAL EXPERIMENT AIMED TO SPECIFY THE GRAVITY LAW IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Yefremov A. P
Published: April 2021

Ultra-sensitivity of a planet’s gravity assist (GA) to changes of the test-body impact parameter prompts a space experiment testing the nature of gravitational field in the Solar system. The Sun, Earth and Venus serve as the space lab with a primitive space probe (ball) as a test body moving on a ballistic trajectory from the Earth to Venus (rendering GA) and backwards to the Earth’s orbit. We show that in Newton and Einstein gravity, the probe’s final positions (reached at the same time) may differ greatly; an Earth’s observer can measure the gap.
THE EFFECT OF A.I. SADOVSKY AND THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Authors: Lapshin V. B , Belinsky A. V
Published: April 2021

A new interpretation of the effect of A.I. Sadovsky is proposed and an experiment associated with it is described. It is shown that the non-fulfillment of the law of conservation of angular momentum observed in the interaction of an electron with a plane homogeneous electromagnetic wave makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about violation of the isotropy of space. The issue of space inhomogeneity is also analyzed.
Search for alternative plant raw materials for food industry and environmentally safe animal breeding
Authors: Solomonova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Trusov Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Nozdrina Tatyana Dmitrievna
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the search for alternative plant raw materials to enrich the diets of population throughout the world, including in the Russian Federation, is explained by global mass year-round insufficiency of biologically active nutrients in food. This work is aimed at identifying the most promising food plant species from the list, proposed on basis of long-term observations by staff of Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), by bachelors, studying in direction 06.03.01 (Biology) at Moscow State University of Food Production. The research materials (2016-2018) are fruits of hawthorns, rosehips, quince, eleutherococcuses, medlar, mahonia, spindle tree, yews, sumacs, oaks, red-fruited honeysuckles and needles of coniferous plants. Research results indicate the value of studied raw materials as a whole and its advantages in compared species within the genus of plants. Some recommendations for practical usage were made. The following things have been proposed: separation of fruit pulp and seeds before drying of fruits of Crataegus submollis and more preferable C. punctata; wide plantation cultivation of rosehips Rosa amblyotis and R. oxyodon; non-waste separate application of pericarp and seeds of Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica and Mahonia aquifolium; medicinal use of fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus , and more preferable E. senticosus ; further study of cones of Taxus baccata and T. media; as a spice there is usage of fruits of Rhus typhina ; obtaining unique oils from fruit pulp of Lonicera glehnii, L . ferdinandii, L. maackii and arils of Euonymus europaeus; usage of acorns of Quercus robur, Q. rubra and needles of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris in feed production. Thus, possibilities of intensifying plant resource usage in the food industry and agriculture were discovered, primarily due to fruits of native introduced species. It is necessary to continue search and further study of the most promising species - sources of alternative plant raw materials.
Improvement of soil testing techniques for detecting spores of potato wart disease Synchytrium endobioticum using molecular methods
Authors: Tsvetkova Yulia Vladislavovna , Yakovleva Vera Alekseevna
Published: April 2021

Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival. is a pathogen of potato wart disease and has a restricted distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation. Its main pathways are infected potato tubers and different planting material containing soil particles infected with spores of the fungus. One of the main problems is the use of toxic chemicals during detecting the disease in laboratory methods of direct soil testing to identify resting spores. This paper presents the assessment of molecular methods of soil diagnosis for detection of S. endobioticum by direct extraction of fungal DNA from soil samples using the MetaGen reagent kit. Identification was performed using the Fitoskrin. Synchytrium endobioticum-RT kit. The kit was pre-tested using DNA isolated from potato warts by various commercial kits. It was found that the optimal method of DNA isolation from the warts was using the FitoSorb-Avtomat 48 kit at the Tecan robotic station. Studies have shown that the sensitivity of the direct DNA extraction method from soil samples with various infection levels is the same as that of flotation method using carbon tetrachloride. Moreover, this method makes it possible to work with soil samples of different types, including peaty soils.
Influence of manure application method on gray forest soil fertility, crop yield and quality
Authors: Meltsaev Ivan Grigoryevich , Esedullaev Sabir Tyumenbegovich
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of field experiments on deepening the arable horizon of gray forest medium loamy soil to increase its fertility through applying organic fertilizer under PY-3-35 layer plow to a depth of 2527 cm. Low mineralization of organic fertilizer during layer cultivation under oxygen deficiency conditions contributed to accumulation of humus in soil by 6.6 t/ha more than during conventional plowing, and by 7.5 t/ha - than during disking. It also improved water-physical and biological properties of soil: number of water-resistant aggregates increased by 4.6 and 5.3 %, soil density lowered by 0.03 and 0.04 g/cm3, number of earthworms increased by 3...6 individuals, expanded reproduction of fertility was provided, productivity of arable land increased by 7.0 and 6.7 % and crop quality increased compared to conventional plowing and disking, respectively. Deep manure incorporation extended life of organic fertilizer up to 5 years, while after conventional plowing and disking this process lasted only 2...3 years. It is not economically and environmentally beneficial, since frequent application requires a lot of fuel, and a large amount of harmful chemical compounds contained in combustion products is dumped into the environment.
Emotional and Cognitive Development of Preschool Children: Overview of International and Russian Studies on Role of Dialectical Thinking in the Regulation of Affect and Recognition of Complex Feelings
Authors: Veraksa Nikolay E. , Belolutskaya Anastasia K.
Published: April 2021

The article contains an overview of studies on the problem of emotional and cognitive development of preschool children (43 papers, including 6 in Russian and 37 in English) conducted in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Spain, Germany, Norway, Russia, etc). Special attention is paid to works that consider the reflexive aspect of childrens experiences characterized by duality, inconsistency and multypositionality, which makes it possible to identify and trace the line of dialectical transformations based on preschool childrens emotional experiences. The following statements are formulated as key conclusions: (1) dialectical thinking can be considered as a cognitive mechanism necessary for the analysis of complex, ambivalent and hidden feelings; (2) the unit of cognitive and affective development is experience, which involves reliance on an internal dialectical structure; (3) a two-position perspective in the game activity is a condition for forming preschool childrens dialectical thinking operations, which in turn can become a cognitive mechanism for regulating affect; (4) the cognitive basis of the emotional anticipation phenomenon includes a mental action of changing the alternative, which is in the zone of proximal development of preschool children and allows adults to use it as a mechanism of emotional co-regulation; and (5) philosophical dialog practices, which imply a discussion of problematic-contradictory content with preschoolers and are aimed at forming in them such actions of dialectical thinking as transformation, mediation and change of alternatives. These provisions represent are an effective tool for developing the ability to distinguish dual complex feelings and analyze their causes and consequences. The results of the work can serve as a basis for creating and implementing conceptually new preschool education programs aimed at both the creative and emotional development of children, where dialectical thinking is considered, inter alia, as an ability necessary for regulating affect and helping children to experience and cope with complex conflicting feelings.
Designing a Teacher's Horizontal Career based on Additional Types of Pedagogical Activities and Professional Achievements: Russian and International Experiences
Authors: Kuznetsova Alla G. , Yarovaya Elena B.
Published: April 2021

The relevance of developing approaches to the formation of organizational and regulatory conditions for teachers professional careers is determined by the goals of implementing the Russian Federal project Teacher of the Future and the necessity to provide the quality of Russian education by improving teachers professional competence. The aim of the present study is to develop a model of a teachers career based on the institutionalization of the professional roles of mentor and methodologist as additional types of pedagogical acti- vities and professional achievements. The official concept of the National Teacher Growth System (NTGS) was based in different periods on the research of different scholar teams that proposed the formation of a vertical teachers career by introducing from two to five new positions, and has changed several times in recent years, but has not been implemented. Based on the analysis and theoretical comprehension of Russian and international practices of stimulating the professional growth of teachers, a project of a diversified professional career trajectory in relation to the teachers position (horizontal career) is proposed; framework requirements for the amount and quality of additional types of pedagogical activities are identified for their differentiated assessment at each stage of a teachers career. The proposed model can be used as an intermediate one and developed at the next stages of the implementation of the federal project Teacher of the Future towards the introduction of new positions, new qualification categories, new opportunities to form teachers professional growth trajectories for career-building and professional development.
Characteristics of Professional Burnout of Administrative and Managerial Personnel of Russian Educational Organizations in the Context of the Introduction of Innovative Technologies
Authors: Belousova Sofia S.
Published: April 2021

The specifics of professional burnout of teachers engaged, in addition to their direct pedagogical activities, in the administration of their educational organizations are studied. The relevance of the raised research problem is determined by the significant socio-economic and political changes taking place in the modern education system: its intensive modernization and the introduction of innovative technologies in education have an impact not only on the content side of the educational process but also on its organization. The implementation of these innovations falls on the shoulders of the administrative and managerial personnel of schools, demanding huge emotional, intellectual and mental costs from the latter. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of professional burnout and its symptoms in administrative and managerial personnel of educational organizations in relation to the severity of their psychological defenses and personality motivational profile. The sample was composed of 75 teachers (54 women, 21 men) in the position of school deputy director for studies and educational work. Their administrative work experience in an educational organization ranged from 1 to 23 years, the average age was 37.5 years. The study used a set of valid and reliable psychodiagnostic methods, including The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Questionnaire by Ch. Maslach and S.E. Jackson (adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova), The Life Style Index (LSI) by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H.R. Conte (adapted by E.S. Romanov and L.R. Grebenshchikov) and Diagnosis of the Motivational Structure of Personality by V. Milman. The correlation analysis revealed that among teachers who additionally occupy in an educational institution, professional burnout is interconnected with the manifestation of psychological defenses of suppression, projection and intellectualization. Also, a relationship was established between professional burnout and a decrease in motivation for communication, general activity, creative activity and social usefulness of activities. The revealed specifics of professional activity and burnout of school deputy directors as well as the characteristics of their strategies for overcoming crisis situations in professional activity under conditions of changes and uncertainties open up opportunities for us to develop and implement programs on preventing professional burnout in this category of teachers and providing psychological support for their professional activities.
Psychological Factors of Youth Emigration Intentions: A Review of International Studies
Authors: Murashcenkova Nadezhda V.
Published: April 2021

The psychological factors of the emigration intentions of young people, the growth of which is observed today in various countries of the world, are analysed based on the data of numerous international studies. The scientific significance of this analysis, on the one hand, is due to the lack of Russian psychological works that systematize and popularize the relevant information, on the other hand, it is associated with the need to subsequently correlate the results of international and Russian studies in order to identify common supra-cultural and specific psychological factors that affect the emigration intentions of young people. The psychological driving forces of the emigration intentions of young people considered in international studies are diverse and correspond to different levels of personality activity (individual, interpersonal and macrosocial). They correlate with general groups of factors contributing to emigration. The factors reflecting the emerging opportunities for emigration are related to positive attitudes towards emigration in general, the consideration of emigration as a way to achieve significant goals, a low degree of attachment to the country of origin, dissatisfaction with the existing living conditions, and positive attitudes towards the country where young people intend to move to. The psychological factors associated with the availability of social support include the support they receive from their families as well as relevant interpersonal contacts they have abroad. The group of factors related to personal resources for overcoming emerging obstacles correlates with expressed career aspirations, high motivation for power and achievements, insignificant motivation for affiliation, extraversion, openness to new experience, desire for risk, change and new impressions, openness to the world and cultural differences, readiness to interaction with others, faith in other religions and nationalities, self-efficacy, ability to cope with the ambivalence of emerging emotions and feelings, a high level of education, proficiency in foreign languages, and experience of international mobility. The obtained data can be used to conduct empirical psychological studies on the driving forces of the emigration activity of young people in Russia and other countries.
Reactive and Proactive Coping Behaviors in Russian First-Year Students: Diagnostics and Development Opportunities
Authors: Bekhter Anna A. , Gagarin Alexander V. , Filatova Olesya A.
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the role of the adaptation processes of first-year students to the university environment, which is the most important (preliminary) stage for: (a) their successful overcoming of various learning difficulties; (b) comfortable and constructive interaction with teachers and other students; and (c) search and application of adaptive behavior strategies due to new living conditions. The development of proactive coping is a key factor in the students efficient learning activity because it represents a platform for their personal growth. The aim of the study is to determine the possibilities of diagnostics and development of reactive and proactive coping behavior in first-year students. The study involved 272 first-year students at Pacific National University (including 136 students of an experimental group who sought help from the University Psychology Center in 2019 and 136 first-year volunteer students as a control group). The following methods were used for diagnostics: Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI) , adapted by E.P. Belinskaya et al., Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus, adapted by T.L. Kryukova et al., Hardiness Survey by Salvatore Maddi adapted by D.A. Leontyev and E.I. Rasskazova, Time Perspective Inventory (TPI) by Ph.Ge. Zimbardo, adapted by A. Syrtsova et al. and Reflexivity Diagnostics Method by A.V. Karpov. As a result, the first-year students showed low levels of developed reactive and proactive coping, high levels of social and emotional support as well as escape-avoidance, average levels of strategic planning and search for informational support, and a reduced level of reflective, predictive resource. It is shown that the search for social, emotional and informational support is the basis for constructing adaptive behavior strategies. It is confirmed that self-control and the category of the future are moderating for all types of proactive coping. The conducted cluster analysis made it possible to identify three profiles, which differ in the levels and content of reactive and proactive behavior (non-adaptive, reactive and active with a tendency to proactive). Repeated measurements show that individual and group forms of psychological intervention cause changes in the indicators of reactive-proactive coping behavior, which can be regarded as a positive dynamics in the development of behavior in students of the experimental group. Finally, a conclusion was formulated about the possibilities of using various forms of psychological support (individual counseling, trainings, and self-help groups) in optimizing the first-year students proactive coping behavior.
ENSINAR OU NÃO ENSINAR: ANÁLISE DE UM DILEMA MORAL NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NUMA ESCOLA MEXICANA
Authors: Guzmán Díaz José Andrés , Šķērīte Baiba
Published: April 2021

Este texto analisa o caso de um dilema moral apresentado numa escola secundária em Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, no contexto de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Com base na ética de Immanuel Kant, a deontologia e, especificamente, o imperativo categórico, conclui-se que o dilema moral em questão deve ser resolvido com a máxima “enquanto o professor e os alunos corresponderam nas condições, eles farão parte do processo de ensino-aprendizagem”. Além disso, destaca-se que as instituições mexicanas devem (1) publicar um código de ética profissional, (2) disseminar seu conteúdo e (3) estabelecer fóruns de discussão entre os professores para futuros problemas éticos.
PESQUISA-PESQUISADOR/A VISCERAL - EMERGÊNCIA E GENEALOGIA DAS CATEGORIAS
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Torquato da
Published: April 2021

ResumoO presente artigo é resultado de dez anos de Pesquisas. Pretende-se, aqui, condensar um conjunto de problematizações, que permitiram construir duas Categorias teórico-metodológicas de análises: Pesquisa e Pesquisador/a Visceral. O objetivo é estabelecer uma compreensão possível, acerca da complexidade de pesquisar COM as Favelas e Quebradas, levando em consideração a minha experiência de professor, em escolas públicas, e de ex-morador-praticante-observador, por 38 anos, da favela da Rocinha-RJ.
AS VOZES DAS CRIANÇAS E EXPERIÊNCIAS INSTITUINTES NA EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA
Authors: Pereira Daise dos Santos , Bermute Kirce Corrêa
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta experiências escolares, a partir da lei federal 10.639/03, percebida por nós como marcos de experiências instituintes. O público-alvo foi de crianças do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola no município de Magé–RJ. A construção do texto buscou alicerçar-se na contribuição analítica de Frantz Fanon que compreendeu a libertação das mentes pela luta de ideias e prática. Os Projetos de trabalho foram caminhos metodológicos, envolvendo registros em caderno de campo e autobiográficos pelas crianças. A Sociologia da Infância, contribui para o corpo teórico-metodológico com as categorias: Reprodução Interpretativa e Etnografia Longitudinal. E reconhecendo que as crianças são ativas e inventivas, Michel de Certeau é chamado para a conversa, revelando suas ‘Artes de Fazer’.
MODOS DE PRODUZIR A EXISTÊNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA: LUTAS, CONQUISTAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Mourão Arminda Rachel , Rodrigues Doriedson do Socorro , Mendes Odete da Cruz
Published: April 2021

Nas disputas entre capital e trabalho, manifestam-se, nos diversos territórios amazônicos, processos intensos de exploração de recursos minero-energéticos, invasão de terras para o agronegócio, monocultivo e criação de animais com o objetivo de atender os interesses do mercado.  A fim de o capital se expandir, acumular e concentrar cada vez mais, as ações predatórias visam homogeneização de identidades culturais e, para tentar impedir as lutas de resistência, buscam o silêncio dos povos e comunidades tradicionais.
SOLIDARIDAD “ECONÓMICA” Y DESCOLONIALIDAD DEL PODER: UN DIÁLOGO CON LAS VISIONES “INDÍGENA”, MARXISTA Y FEMINISTA
Authors: Marañón-Pimentel Boris
Published: April 2021

Plantea una discusión descolonial de los conceptos dominantes de “economía” y trabajo que permita contribuir a sentipensar formas no eurocéntricas de concebir la satisfacción de nuestras necesidades materiales y espirituales. Se trata de establecer cuáles son los aportes de las visiones “indígena”, marxista y feminista para la elaboración de una mirada otra de “economía” denominada solidaridad “económica” (SE) como categoría de transición histórica, y resignificar el trabajo, entendido como actividad en sentido amplio y no sólo como trabajo asalariado o empleo.