bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade
Authors: Chenna Avantika , Konala Venu Madhav , Bose Subhasish , Roy Sasmit , Madhira Bhaskar Reddy , Gayam Vijay , Naramala Srikanth , Adapa Sreedhar
Published: June 2020

The renin-angiotensin system plays a very critical role in hypertension, diabetes, and kidney and heart diseases. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin system results in the prevention of progression of renal and cardiac damage. There have been controversial hypotheses raised regarding the safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present the case series of four patients (2 men and 2 women; 1 Caucasian and 3 African Americans; two survived and two died) with confirmed COVID-19, presenting with respiratory symptoms and acute kidney injury, who have been on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been implicated as the gateway for viral entry into the human cell in causing the infection. The factors contributing to acute kidney injury are diuretics, iodinated contrast administration, hemodynamic instability apart from ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. The ACE inhibitors and ARBs were stopped in these patients due to acute kidney injury. We also discussed the role of ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in patients with COVID-19 infection along with pathogenesis.
Modelling Features-Based Birthmarks for Security of End-to-End Communication System
Authors: Li Meilian , Nazir Shah , Khan Habib Ullah , Shahzad Sara , Amin Rohul
Published: June 2020

Feature-based software birthmark is an essential property of software that can be used for the detection of software theft and many other purposes like to assess the security in end-to-end communication systems. Research on feature-based software birthmark shows that using the feature-based software birthmark joint with the practice of software birthmark estimation together can deliver a right and influential method for detecting software piracy and the amount of piracy done by a software. This can also guide developers in improving security of end-to-end communication system. Modern day software industry and systems are in demand to have an unbiased method for comparing the features-based birthmark of software competently, and more concretely for the detecting software piracy and assessing the security of end-to-end communication systems. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model, which is based on a differential system, to present feature-based software birthmark. The model presented in this paper provides an exclusive way for the features-based birthmark of software and then can be used for comparing birthmark and assessing security of end-to-end communication systems. The results of this method show that the proposed model is efficient in terms of effectiveness and correctness for the features-based software birthmark comparison and security assessment purposes.
Shear Failure of Bolted Joints considering Mesoscopic Deformation Characteristics of Rock
Authors: Cheng Yanhui , He Dongliang , Yang Jianyu
Published: June 2020

In rock engineering of the cold region, there are a lot of rock joints. The shear characteristics of joints play a decisive role in the stability of rock engineering in the cold area. In this paper, based on the numerical simulation method of particle flow, reasonable microscopic parameters are selected for the numerical simulation of the direct shear test of bolted joints. The results show that the shear stiffness and contact modulus are linearly and positively correlated. The greater the contact modulus, the greater the residual stress, the better the synergetic effect between rock and bolt, and the more developed the microcrack. The smaller the contact stiffness ratio, the greater the residual stress. The shear stiffness decreases with the increase in the contact stiffness ratio, and the larger the contact stiffness ratio, the slower the shear stiffness decreases, while the shear strength does not change with the contact stiffness ratio. The contact stiffness ratio has a weak effect on the number of cracks in the model. The shear stiffness increases with the increase in the parallel bond modulus, and the shear strength decreases with the increase in the parallel bond modulus. The binding stiffness is independent of the shear stiffness, and the peak shear stress decreases with the increase in the binding stiffness ratio. The greater the bond stiffness ratio, the greater the number of cracks.
An Iterative Method for Shape Optimal Design of Stokes–Brinkman Equations with Heat Transfer Model
Authors: Yan Wenjing , Jing Feifei , Hou Jiangyong , Gao Zhiming , Zheng Nannan
Published: June 2020

This work is concerned with the shape optimal design of an obstacle immersed in the Stokes–Brinkman fluid, which is also coupled with a thermal model in the bounded domain. The shape optimal problem is formulated and analyzed based on the framework of the continuous adjoint method, with the advantage that the computing cost of the gradients and sensitivities is independent of the number of design variables. Then, the velocity method is utilized to describe the domain deformation, and the Eulerian derivative for the cost functional is established by applying the differentiability of a minimax problem based on the function space parametrization technique. Moreover, an iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the boundary of the obstacle in order to reduce the total dissipation energy. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our method.
Two’s Company: Multiple Thoracic Lesions on Prenatal US and MRI
Authors: Oliver Edward R. , DeBari Suzanne E. , Didier Ryne A. , Johnson Ann M. , Khalek Nahla , Peranteau William H. , Howell Lori J. , Adzick N. Scott , Coleman Beverly G.
Published: June 2020

Background: Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS), and CPAM-BPS hybrid lesions are most commonly solitary; however, >1 lung congenital lung lesion may occur. Objectives: To assess the frequency of multiple congenital thoracic anomalies at a high-volume referral center; determine prenatal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of these multifocal congenital lung lesions that may allow prenatal detection; and determine the most common distribution or site of origin. Methods: Database searches were performed from August 2008 to May 2019 for prenatally evaluated cases that had a final postnatal surgical diagnosis of >1 congenital lung lesion or a lung lesion associated with foregut duplication cyst (FDC). Lesion location, size, echotexture, and signal characteristics were assessed on prenatal imaging and correlated with postnatal computed tomographic angiography and surgical pathology. ­Results: Of 539 neonates that underwent surgery for a thoracic lesion, 35 (6.5%) had >1 thoracic abnormality. Multiple discrete lung lesions were present in 19 cases, and a lung lesion associated with an FDC was present in 16. Multifocal lung lesions were bilateral in 3 cases; unilateral, multilobar in 12; and, unilobar multisegmental in 4. Median total CPAM volume/head circumference ratio for multifocal lung lesions on US was 0.66 (range, 0.16–1.80). Prenatal recognition of multifocal lung lesions occurred in 7/19 cases (36.8%). Lesion combinations were CPAM-CPAM in 10 cases, CPAM-BPS in 5, CPAM-hybrid in 2, hybrid-hybrid in 1, and hybrid-BPS in 1. Of 5 unilateral, multifocal lung lesions, multifocality was prenatally established through identification of a band of normal intervening lung or intrinsic differences in lesion imaging features. Conclusions: Although less common, multiple thoracic abnormalities can be detected prenatally. Of multifocal lung lesions, the most common combination was CPAM-CPAM, with a unilateral, multilobar distribution. Prenatal recognition is important for pregnancy counseling and postnatal surgical management.
The International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA): Mission, Results, and Future Activities
Authors: Van de Glind Geurt , Brynte Christoffer , Skutle Arvid , Kaye Sharlene , Konstenius Maija , Levin Frances , Mathys Frieda , Demetrovics Zsolt , Moggi Franz , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Schellekens Arnt , Crunelle Cleo , Dom Geert , van den Brink Wim , Franck Johan
Published: June 2020

Background: The International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA) is a network of 28 centers from 16 countries initiated to investigate the link between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). In this article, we present the mission, the results of finished studies, and the current and future research projects of ICASA. Methods: During the past 10 years, 3 cross-sectional studies were conducted: two International ADHD in Substance use disorders Prevalence (IASP-1 and IASP-2) studies, directed at the screening, diagnosis, and the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment-seeking patients with SUD, and the Continuous performance test for ADHD in SUD Patients (CASP) study, testing a novel continuous performance test in SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Recently, the prospective International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and Substance Use Disorders (INCAS) was initiated, directed at treatment provision and treatment outcome in SUD patients with adult ADHD. Results: The IASP studies have shown that approximately 1 in 6 adult treatment-seeking SUD patients also have ADHD. In addition, those SUD patients with adult ADHD compared to SUD patients without ADHD report more childhood trauma exposure, slower infant development, greater problems controlling their temperament, and lower educational attainment. Comorbid patients also reported more risk-taking behavior, and a higher rate of other psychiatric disorders compared to SUD patients without ADHD. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient group are possible even before abstinence has been achieved. The results of the CASP study are reported separately in this special issue. Conclusions: The ICASA research to date has demonstrated a high prevalence of comorbid ADHD and SUD, associated with elevated rates of additional comorbidities and risk factors for adverse outcomes. More research is needed to find the best way to treat these patients, which is the main topic of the ongoing INCAS study.
A comparative acoustic analysis of species of Vitreorana (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, with a description of the call of V. baliomma and insights into the taxonomic status of Cerrado populations
Authors: Bang Davi Lee , Lisboa Barnagleison Silva , Teixeira Bernardo Franco da Veiga , Giaretta Ariovaldo Antonio , Carvalho Thiago Ribeiro de
Published: June 2020

A comparative acoustic analysis of species of Vitreorana (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, with a description of the call of V. baliomma and insights into the taxonomic status of Cerrado populations. Advertisement calls are the primary signaling strategy of mating in most anurans. Examining major patterns within and across frog taxa may help to delimit species and understand acoustic communication systems. Herein, the vocalization of Vitreorana baliomma is described and new acoustic descriptions are provided for V. franciscana and V. eurygnatha. Calls of syntopic/sympatric or allopatric populations were compared. The vocalization of V. baliomma is composed of two call types—A and B, with Call A being the advertisement call. The vocalization of V. franciscana is composed of only one call type (Call A), emitted isolated or in series. The vocalization of V. eurygnatha has two types of calls; Call A is similar among Cerrado populations, whereas an Atlantic Forest population has a distinct Call A pattern. The calls of each of these species of the present study is pulsed; however, the calls differ in call duration, pulse organization, or pulse duration, and these differences seem to reflect the allopatric or sympatric/syntopic occurrences of populations. The unique call pattern of the Atlantic Forest population of V. eurygnatha may represent the advertisement call of the nominal species, and the distinct call of the Cerrado population may indicate cryptic diversity in the species.
CK (Creatine Kinase) Is Associated With Cardiovascular Hemodynamics
Authors: Brewster Lizzy M. , Haan Yentl C. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , van den Born Bert Jan , van Montfrans Gert A.
Published: June 2020

The ATP-regenerating enzyme CK (creatine kinase) is strongly associated with blood pressure, which lowers upon experimental CK inhibition. The enzyme is thought to affect cardiovascular hemodynamics through enhanced systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and cardiac contractility, but data on these parameters are lacking. We hereby report hemodynamics by CK levels in the multiethnic, cross-sectional HELIUS study (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting). Physical examination included sitting brachial blood pressure and noninvasively assessed supine systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac contractility, which we associated with resting plasma CK. Data from 14 937 men and women (mean age, 43.3; SD, 12.9) indicated that per log CK increase, blood pressure increased with 20.2 (18.9–21.4) mm Hg systolic/13.0 (12.2–13.7) diastolic, an odds ratio for hypertension of 6.1 (5.1–7.2). Outcomes were similar by sex, body mass index, and ancestry, although higher blood pressures in men, with overweight/obesity, and West-African ancestry were partially explained by higher CK, with an adjusted increase in systolic/diastolic pressure of 10.5 (10.0–10.9)/6.4 (6.0–6.7) mm Hg per log CK increase. Systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac contractility (n=7876), increased by respectively 20%, 39%, 14%, and 23% SD per log CK increase. This study indicates that the association of CK with blood pressure likely results from an increase in systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume. These data expand the knowledge on the nature of hypertension associated with CK and may inform further experiments on CK inhibition as a means to lower blood pressure.
BRICS-T ÜLKELERİNDE KÜRESELLEŞME VE BEŞERİ SERMAYE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BULGULAR
Authors: MANGA Müge , CENGİZ Orhan
Published: June 2020

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde küreselleşmenin yarattığı fırsat ve riskler farklı boyutlarla değerlendirilebilecek geniş bir kapsama sahiptir. Son otuz yıllık dönemde neoliberal küreselleşmenin getirdiği serbestleşme eğilimleri dikkate alındığında ticaretin, sermayenin ve emeğin mobilizasyonu beşeri kalkınmayı da yakından etkilemektedir. Günümüzün değişen dünyasında bireylerin eğitim, sağlık ve kültür gibi beşeri sermaye unsurlarının iyileştirilmesine yönelik talepleri artarken çok uluslu şirketlerin de nitelikli işgücü ihtiyacı artış göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda mevcut çalışmada, küreselleşme ile beşeri sermaye arasındaki ilişki, küresel ekonomide önemli atılım yapan BRICS-T (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye) ülkeleri için incelenmiştir. 1992-2017 dönemi periyoduna ait verilerle yapılan analiz sonuçları, küreselleşmenin beşeri sermaye üzerinde negatif; ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı ve bilgi-iletişim teknolojilerinin ise pozitif etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Konya nedensellik testi sonuçları incelendiğinde ise küreselleşme ile beşeri sermaye arasında Güney Afrika’da iki yönlü, Rusya ve Çin’de küreselleşmeden beşeri sermayeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ORGANİZASYONLARI AŞINDIRICI UNSURLAR OLARAK SOSYAL DIŞLANMA VE SANAL KAYTARMA İLİŞKİSİ VE BU İLİŞKİDE ETİK İKLİMİN ROLÜ
Authors: ÇİÇEK Berat
Published: June 2020

Son yıllarda işyerlerindeki olağan dışı davranışların gelişen teknoloji nedeniyle form değiştirdiği ve bu davranışlarla baş etmenin giderek karmaşıklaştığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu durum araştırmacıları olağan dışı davranışları yakından incelemeye itmiştir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada iş yerindeki sosyal dışlanmanın sanal kaytarmaya olan etkisi ve bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkide etik iklimin aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Malatya ilinde faaliyette bulunana hizmet sektörü işletmelerinin çalışanları ile anket tekniğine dayalı nicel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. 388 hizmet sektörü çalışanı ile online olarak elde edilen anket verilerine göre sosyal dışlanmanın sanal kaytarmayı artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca etik iklimin bu ilişkiye aracılık ettiği belirlenmiştir.
İÇSEL PAZARLAMA UYGULAMALARININ ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞA ETKİSİ: BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: SONGUR Ahmet , KARATAŞ Nazlı
Published: June 2020

Bankacılık faaliyetleri, müşteri memnuniyeti etrafında şekillenen ve içerisinde insan ilişkilerini yoğun bir şekilde barındıran faaliyetlerdir. Bir hizmet pazarlaması olan bankacılık faaliyetlerinin başarı ile gerçekleştirilebilmesi için çalışanların işlerini severek ve isteyerek yapmaları gerekmektedir. Ancak bu husus, çalıştığı kuruma bağlılık düzeyi yüksek olan çalışanlar ile mümkündür. Bu araştırmada; bankacılık sektöründe uygulanan içsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin çalışanların örgütsel bağlılık düzeylerine olan etkisi incelenmektedir. Bu etkinin yönü ve derecesi tespit edilerek, bankalarca kurum amaçları doğrultusunda olumlu şekilde kullanılabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu kapsamda; Uluslararası bir bankanın Antalya ilindeki 40 şubesinde çalışan 215 personele yönelik bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre: İçsel pazarlamanın örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde önemli derecede etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle de duygusal bağlılık üzerindeki etkisi yüksektir. İçsel pazarlama faaliyetleri, çalışanların cinsiyetlerine ve çalışma yıllarına göre farklılık göstermektedir.
SPOR MERKEZLERİNDE SUNULAN HİZMETLERE YÖNELİK KALİTE ALGISININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TÜRKSOY Beray , AYCAN Ali
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, spor merkezi üyelerinin kişisel özellikleri bakımından sunulan hizmetlere yönelik kalite algılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul Spor Etkinlikleri ve İşletmeciliği Ticaret AŞ’ye (Spor İstanbul) bağlı 4 farklı spor tesisinden toplam 400 üye (225 kadın ve 175 erkek) araştırmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında, Uçan (2007: 121-122) tarafından geliştirilen “Spor-Fitness Merkezleri Algılanan Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların hizmet kalitesi algılarının spor tesisi kullanım amaçları dışında, diğer kişisel özellikleri (cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim, gelir üyelik süresi ve tesis kullanım zamanı) bakımından farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
Tuning Playfully: Composed and Adaptive Tunings in bitKlavier
Authors: Trueman Dan , Bhatia Aatish , Mulshine Michael , Trevisan Theo
Published: June 2020

Combining a new software system with the familiar interface of the MIDI keyboard, bitKlavier is a versatile instrument for exploring the nature of tuning and temperament. We describe a number of approaches it facilitates, including composed tunings, moving fundamental systems, and a novel system for adaptive tuning. All of these are characterized by the overarching design priority for bitKlavier to be a context for musical play and exploration, as opposed to finding singular, “correct” solutions to particular tuning “problems,” as has often been the case historically.
Democracy & Religion: Some Variations & Hard Questions
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: June 2020

The ideas sketched here concern the nonestablishment and free exercise norms expressed in the U.S. Constitution, their application to governmental institutions from legislatures to prisons and the military, the place of religion in the curricula of public schools, and the proper role of religious convictions in lawmaking. A major concern of the essay is the problem of achieving an appropriate balance between governmental neutrality toward religion, as required by the nonestablishment norm, and governmental accommodation of religious practices that would otherwise violate ordinary laws, as required by the free exercise norm. A recurring theme is the complexity of the issues and the variability of possible solutions given differences in the history and culture of democratic societies.
Democracy, Religion & Public Reason
Authors: Freeman Samuel
Published: June 2020

A convention of democracy is that government should promote the common good. Citizens' common good is based in their shared civil interests, including security of themselves and their possessions, equal basic liberties, diverse opportunities, and an adequate social minimum. Citizens' civil interests ground what John Rawls calls “the political values of justice and public reason.” These political values determine the political legitimacy of laws and the political constitution, and provide the proper bases for voting, public discussion, and political justification. These political values similarly provide the terms to properly understand the separation of church and state, freedom of conscience, and free exercise of religion. It is not a proper role of government to promote religious doctrines or practices, or to enforce moral requirements of religion. For government to enforce or even endorse the imperatives or ends of religion violates individuals' freedom and equality: it encroaches upon their liberty of conscience and freedom to pursue their conceptions of the good; impairs their equal civic status; and undermines their equal political rights as free and equal citizens.
The Perils of Politicized Religion
Authors: Campbell David E.
Published: June 2020

In the United States, religion and partisan politics have become increasingly intertwined. The rising level of religious disaffiliation is a backlash to the religious right: many Americans are abandoning religion because they see it as an extension of politics with which they disagree. Politics is also shaping many Americans' religious views. There has been a stunning change in the percentage of religious believers who, prior to Donald Trump's presidential candidacy, overwhelmingly objected to immoral private behavior by politicians but now dismiss it as irrelevant to their ability to act ethically in their public role. The politicization of religion not only contributes to greater political polarization, it diminishes the ability of religious leaders to speak prophetically on important public issues.
Numeral Systems Across Languages Support Efficient Communication: From Approximate Numerosity to Recursion
Authors: Xu Yang , Liu Emmy , Regier Terry
Published: June 2020

Languages differ qualitatively in their numeral systems. At one extreme, some languages have a small set of number terms, which denote approximate or inexact numerosities; at the other extreme, many languages have forms for exact numerosities over a very large range, through a recursively defined counting system. Why do numeral systems vary as they do? Here, we use computational analyses to explore the numeral systems of 30 languages that span this spectrum. We find that these numeral systems all reflect a functional need for efficient communication, mirroring existing arguments in other semantic domains such as color, kinship, and space. Our findings suggest that cross-language variation in numeral systems may be understood in terms of a shared functional need to communicate precisely while using minimal cognitive resources.
Powerful numbers: Exemplary quantitative studies of science that had policy impact
Authors: Hicks Diana , Isett Kimberley R.
Published: June 2020

Much scientometric research aims to be relevant to policy, but such research only rarely has a notable policy impact. In this paper, we examine four exemplary cases of policy impact from quantitative studies of science. The cases are analyzed in light of lessons learned about the use of evidence in policy making in health services, which provides very thorough explorations of the problems inherent in policy use of academic research. The analysis highlights key dimensions of the examples, which offer lessons for those aspiring to influence policy with quantitative studies of science.
The Differential Object Marking of The Arborense Dialect of Sardinian in Language Contact Setting
Authors: Boeddu Daniela
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the Arborense Differential Object Marking (dom) system, which in line with the typical Sardinian dom system marks the object noun phrases characterized by a high degree of animacy and specificity with the preposition a. This is why the Sardinian dom is also called prepositional accusative. Authors dealing with other Sardinian dialects agree in identifying three domains of distribution of the phenomenon: with personal pronouns and personal names the use of the preposition is mandatory; with inanimate common nouns it is excluded; with common nouns referring animate beings, strong variability occurs. On the basis of an oral corpus of contemporary Arborense, it can be stated that the area of mandatory use of dom is restricted in this dialect and that the optionality area turns out to be more extensive than assumed in traditional descriptions of this Sardinian phenomenon. Since all the Arborense speakers of the oral corpus are bilingual (Sardinian-Italian), the data reflect the situation of dom in a contact setting scenario where Sardinian and both Standard and Regional Italian interact. According to Putzu (2005) and Blasco Ferrer and Ingrassia (2010), the extensive area of optionality for the use of the Sardinian dom should be the result of the influence of Standard Italian. However, two facts must be considered that make this idea questionable: first, in the language contact scenario of Modern Sardinian not only Standard Italian but also Regional Italian (with a widespread use of the dom) play a role; second, the synchronic variation observed in contemporary Arborense replicates the same variation which characterizes historical data from texts of the 12th–19th centuries.
Differential Subject Marking in Arawakan Languages: Distribution and Origins
Authors: Danielsen Swintha , Durand Tom
Published: June 2020

This paper is a comparison of nine Arawakan languages sharing a rare phenomenon in the Americas: differential subject marking. We argue that the languages involved display a group of predicates with oblique case marking on the subject, similar to the subject-like obliques in Icelandic and Hindi. Comparison with bivalent constructions provides a strong argument for the diachronic process of objects gradually acquiring subject properties. In addition, we discuss the distribution of this oblique marking and object marking in some of the Arawakan languages. This paper shows that these two marking strategies are in fact complementary; the existence of these two markings allows expressing semantico-pragmatics subtleties. Thus, it illustrates a specific realization of the differential marking of the subject in non-accusative languages. Examining the possibilities of language contact with non-Arawakan languages, such as Tukanoan or Witotoan languages, or between Arawakan languages, especially in the North-Western region of Amazonia, we conclude that this phenomenon is inherited in the Arawakan language family, considering the absence of other languages with such differential marking in South America and the attestations of this phenomenon in Arawakan languages as many as 500 years ago.
Priority of Carl Linnaeus as the author of the oldest species of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): Daphnia pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) and Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: June 2020

In taxonomy, it is important to maintain chronological order in taxon naming and understanding. Here, I confirm that according to the rules of Zoological Nomenclature, Carl Linnaeus must be regarded as the author of two common cladoceran taxa, Daphnia pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) and Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1758). Both were established in the 10th Edition of “Systema Naturae”, the starting point of Zoological Nomenclature. The history of these taxa is described.
Key to the world species of Ernogamasus Athias-Henriot, 1971 (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae)
Authors: WITALIŃSKI WOJCIECH
Published: June 2020

A key to all globally known 33 species of Ernogamasus is presented.
Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera: Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands
Authors: FACHIN DIEGO AGUILAR , SANTOS CHARLES MORPHY D. , DE SOUZA AMORIM DALTON
Published: June 2020

A third species of the southern temperate tabanomorph genus Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera: Austroleptidae)—A. camposgerais sp. nov.—from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is described and illustrated. A key for the species of the genus in Brazil is provided. Shared derived features indicate a sister group relationship between the new species and A. longirostris Fachin et al., 2018. Whatever the relationships among the species of this clade, however, there is a process of endemism within endemism in the Atlantic Forest: species at higher altitudes undergo vicariance process that do not affect lowland species distributed around the mountain chains. The low number of specimens known from highland species and the very restricted geographic distribution of each species strongly indicate the urgency to protect the natural environments at higher altitudes in Brazil.
Taxonomy and systematics of the ‘Maharaja Barbs’ (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: KATWATE UNMESH , KUMKAR PRADEEP , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: June 2020

Maharaja Barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), endemic to the high-altitude streams of the northern Western Ghats are currently represented by a single species, Puntius sahyadriensis. Integrative taxonomic analysis of these fishes reveals them to form a distinct clade within the Cyprinidae, for which we propose the name Waikhomia gen. nov. Waikhomia differs from Puntius and other closely related genera by a combination of characters including: barbels absent; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray smooth, with highly segmented apex; total vertebrae 30 (17 abdominal and 13 caudal); post-epiphysial fontanelle absent, frontals elongated, parietals narrow; infraorbital 2–4 large, deep and wide, overlapping cheek and preopercle; opercle not overlapping the interopercle laterally; free uroneural 2 absent; lateral line complete, with 23–25 perforated scales; pelvic fins jet black with tip of fins white; and body coloration consisting of multiple (6–8) spots and blotches on side of body. We also describe a new species of Waikhomia from the west-flowing Kali river system in the northern part of the Western Ghats, India. The new species, Waikhomia hira is distinguished from W. sahyadriensis by a combination of characters including a distinct body coloration, consisting of 7–8 small, rhomboidal spots arranged across the lateral-line scale row; 23­–25 perforated lateral line scales; 10 pre-dorsal scales and 2–3 sparsely spaced gill rakers on epibranchial 1. Further, W. hira differs from its sister taxon, W. sahyadriensis, by a raw genetic distance ranging from 4.3–4.9% in partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, and 7.0–8.2% in partial cytochrome b genes.
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Imitating an Aggressive Skull Base Lesion in the Setting of Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Beswick Daniel M. , Sauer David , Detwiller Kara , Shindo Maisie
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

We report a case of acutely worsening allergic fungal sinusitis in a patient receiving immunotherapy with pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor.

Methods:

A 53-year-old man with a history of metastatic melanoma and recent initiation of pembrolizumab therapy presented with acutely worsening headaches, left abducens nerve palsy, and neuroimaging demonstrating an erosive skull base lesion with bilateral cavernous sinus involvement.

Results:

Intraoperative findings were consistent with non-invasive allergic fungal sinus disease. Microbiology and histopathologic data ruled out malignancy and demonstrated Aspergillus fumigatus without concern for angioinvasion. After treatment with antifungal therapy, the patient’s symptoms and abducens nerve palsy resolved. Symptoms were well-controlled 7 months after his initial presentation.

Conclusions:

Inflammatory sinusitis in patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy may be secondary to T-cell infiltration, a similar pathophysiology as immune-related adverse events, and warrants appreciation by otolaryngologists given our increasing exposure to immunotherapy and its head and neck manifestations.
Sliding mode learning control for uncertain mechanical system: A dynamic output feedback approach
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Guo Yang , Sun Yuan , Hu Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2020

In this article, a dynamic output feedback based sliding mode learning control is proposed for uncertain mechanical system. After giving the model of uncertain mechanical system, the uncertainty and disturbance of it are discussed and they are assumed to be mismatched. The velocity of the uncertain mechanical system is assumed to be unmeasurable, and then a dynamic output feedback control strategy is utilized here. A dynamic output feedback-based sliding surface is constructed. The parameters of the designed surface are solved by Lyapunov function approach. Then a sliding mode learning controller is proposed for uncertain mechanical system to overcome the chattering of traditional sliding mode control. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Perennial Language Learners or Competent Language Users: An Investigation of International Students’ Attitudes towards Their Own and Native English Accents
Authors: Boonsuk Yusop , Fang Fan
Published: June 2020

English is widely used as a global language. The traditional monolithic model of English has been challenged as the development of World Englishes (WE) and English as a lingua franca (ELF) paradigms challenge the ownership of English. With this newly emerging status quo, English language teaching (ELT) should also recognize the diversity and dynamism of English. This article discusses students’ attitudes towards their own and native English accents, and describes the influence of English accents in ELT. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with nine international students from Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka who were studying at a university in Southern Thailand. The derived data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that most students still perceived their accents as being deficient, and they believed that native speakers’ English accents were the norm of English use and the ultimate learning goal. Thus, entrenched native ideology was still persistent among these students. The article also provides some implications for pronunciation teaching from a WE and ELF framework with the Teaching of Pronunciation for Intercultural Communication (ToPIC). It is hoped that an awareness of English as a global language could be recognized, and ToPIC could be applied to ELT in more contexts to reflect the global status of English.
#MeToo Jesus: Naming Jesus as a victim of sexual abuse
Authors: Reaves Jayme R. , Tombs David
Published: June 2020

The #MeToo hashtag and campaign raises important questions for Christian public theology. In 2017, a church sign at Gustavus Adolphus Church in New York City connected Jesus with #MeToo through Jesus’ words, ‘You did this to me too’ (Matt 25:40). This church sign offers appropriate recognition of the theological solidarity of Jesus with #MeToo at a metaphorical level, but this article argues a more direct historical connection should also be made. It examines works by Tombs (1999), Heath (2011), Gafney (2013), and Trainor (2014) that go beyond theological solidarity to identify Jesus as a victim of sexual abuse in a more historical and literal sense. It concludes that naming Jesus as victim of sexual abuse is not just a matter of correcting the historical record but can also help churches to address the damage caused by victim blaming or shaming.
A Critical Examination of Content Validity Evidence and Personality Testing for Employee Selection
Authors: Fisher David M. , Milane Christopher R. , Sullivan Sarah , Tett Robert P.
Published: June 2020

Prominent standards/guidelines concerning test validation provide contradictory information about whether content-based evidence should be used as a means of validating personality test inferences for employee selection. This unresolved discrepancy is problematic considering the prevalence of personality testing, the importance of gathering sound validity evidence, and the deference given to these standards/guidelines in contemporary employee selection practice. As a consequence, test users and practitioners are likely to be reticent or uncertain about gathering content-based evidence for personality measures, which, in turn, may cause such evidence to be underutilized when personality testing is of interest. The current investigation critically examines whether (and how) content validity evidence should be used for measures of personality in relation to employee selection. The ensuing discussion, which is especially relevant in highly litigious contexts such as personnel selection in the public sector, sheds new light on test validation practices.
The Effects of Accounting Expertise of Board Committees on the Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Financial Restatements
Authors: Das Somnath , Gong James Jianxin , Li Siyi
Published: June 2020

Using financial restatements as the contextual setting, we examine whether the accounting expertise of board committees affects the consequences of financial reporting quality. We analyze both short-term consequences—stock market reactions surrounding restatement announcements, and long-term consequences—the incidence of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Actions (AAERs), and CEO and CFO turnover after restatements. Our results show that the presence of audit committee members with accounting expertise moderates the consequences of restatements, resulting in less negative stock market reactions and a lower probability of CEO turnover. In contrast, the audit committee’s nonaccounting financial expertise increases the likelihood of AAERs. For the compensation committee, we find that accounting expertise reduces the probability of CEO turnover, while nonaccounting financial expertise exacerbates the negative stock returns around restatement announcements and increases the probability of AAER. In the post–Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) period, restatements have resulted in less severe consequences as companies have increased their propensity to hire accounting experts on the board. Correspondingly, we document that the moderating effects of accounting expertise become less significant, in part because the moderating effects are offset by the changed investor expectations. Overall, our results suggest that accounting expertise of board committees helps mitigate the negative consequences of restatements.
Modeling multivariate associations with parental loneliness via perceived closeness and support
Authors: Hall Helen K. , Millear Prudence M. , Summers Mathew J.
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Recent research findings suggest the prevalence of loneliness is increasing in middle-aged adults parenting children, challenging the notion this demographic is typically at low risk of loneliness.

Method:

The current study applied the cognitive discrepancy model as theoretical foundation to investigate the variance of individual and situational variables contributing to perceived closeness and support and consequently loneliness. Structural equation modeling was employed to identify multivariate contributors associated with parental loneliness in 323 parents with an average age of 37.69 ( SD = 5.96) years.

Results:

Results support the theoretical proposition that individual factors, rather than situational, contribute to a greater variance of a perceived gap in relationship closeness and support. It was found that emotional competence, ability to forgive, emotional stability, extraversion, and lower mood levels are significant contributors to a small cognitive gap in perceived relationship closeness and protective against parental loneliness. Relationship status contributed a weak direct effect over perceived relationship closeness and support. Situational factors, including number of children and household income, were non-significant risks for loneliness. Overall, the model accounted for 65% of perceived relationship closeness and support and 85% of loneliness. The limitation of small number of male participants is discussed with regard to the existing research gap investigating male loneliness.

Conclusion:

A Pathway to Loneliness Risk Model is proposed, demonstrating that through increasing an individual’s intrapersonal and interpersonal resources and challenging negative cognitive biases and maladaptive schemas regarding an individual’s perception of their relationships, may lead to a reduction in the individual’s risk for loneliness.
The Association of Body Mass Index and Adverse Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Among Patients from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Bashayer , Alghamdi Reema , Khallaf Raghad , faisal Konooz , Bishnaq Raghad , Abusanad Atlal
Published: June 2020

Background:

Obesity is a global health problem, especially in the Arab region, the prevalence of obesity is increasing. High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for many diseases, including cancer. Noticeably, breast cancer (BC) cases in Saudi Arabia occur at a younger age than western countries and different life style behaviours such as maintaining healthy body weight and physical activity may play a role in this. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between BMI and BC clinicopathological features.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records of females diagnosed with non-metastatic BC over four years. The association between BMI and patients’ demographics, BC histological type, receptor status, differentiation grade, tumor size, involvement of axillary lymph node, and performed procedures was analysed.

Result:

We studied 315 patients with non-metastatic BC. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.43 years ±11.63. The mean BMI was 30.21±5.77. The mean tumor size was 3.19 cm ± 3.52. We found that the mean age of diagnosis is significantly greater in obese women than other BMI groups with a P-value = 0.025. A significant relationship was observed between BMI classification and tumor size in obese female patients aged ⩾ 40 years with P-value=0.022

Conclusion:

The relationship between BMI and BC is still not clear, in this study we found an association with age at diagnosis and tumor size in older patients, characteristics as histological types, receptor status, lymph node involvement, and grade were not statistically significant.
Breast Fibromatosis, A Rare Benign Tumor Mimicking Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Samaka R. M. , Abu-Zeid A. Y.
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Fibromatosis is a rare breast lesion that is considered locally aggressive tumor without metastasis. It doesn't need more than surgical excision with clean margins as a treatment but the recurrence is very common. Breast fibromatosis clinically mimics other lesions as fibromatosis like metaplastic tumor of breast. Therefore, recognition of breast fibromatosis is important for surgeons and histopathologists, in order to set a proper plan for management and avoid unnecessary extensive surgery. Comprehensive search revealed only 33 case reports as it's compromising less than 0.2% of all primary breast tumor.

Case summary

Methods and Materials:

A 35 years old female patient complained of palpable left breast mass for four months. Her imaging belonged to BI-RAD (4) assessment category. The pathological examination of the core biopsy showed B3; spindle cell lesion. The patient underwent surgical excision of the mass and the histopathologic assessment revealed an infiltrative uncapsulated lesion composed of proliferated spindle shaped cells (mixed fibroblasts and myofibroblast like cells) arranged in sweeping fascicles with occasional extravasated RBCs. There was no mitosis, necrosis or atypia. There was no associated hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, insitu or invasive components.

Results:

Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for SMA and B- Catenine and negativity for Pan CK and P63 that confirm our diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The conclusion of this case report is to stress upon keeping breast fibromatosis in mind as a potential differential diagnosis for fibromatosis like metaplastic carcinoma and other mimics of spindle cell lesions in breast.
Mutational Analysis Revealed Polymorphic Variants in Exon 3 and Exon 4 Of P53 Gene in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Olabode Omotoso , Gbadegesin Michael A. , Oluwasola Timothy A. O. , Okolo Clement A. , Ogun Gabriel O. , Oluwasola Abideen O.
Published: June 2020

This research study explored the mutations in the exon 3 and exon 4 of the P53 gene in cervical cancer. Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from cervical tissue biopsies obtained from patients reporting at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The purified genomic DNA was quantified using NanoDropTM 2000 spectrophotometer. The region of interest was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), this was quantified on a 1.5% agarose gel, and the ethidium bromide stained gel was viewed on a transilluminator. The PCR products were sequenced at Inqaba Biotec, and chromatogram was analyzed using FinchTv and SnapGene Viewer. Nucleotide BLAST was performed on the DNA sequence for sequence identity and retrieval of reference sequence. Multiple Sequence Alignment using T-COFFEE was performed to reveal the polymorphic variations in the samples. The outcome of this study showed nineteen identified polymorphic variants; Missense mutations occurred in 47% of the samples, 32% were silent mutations, 16% were frameshift mutation and 5% nonsense mutation. Sociodemographic characteristics revealed that 60% of the study participants has husbands with multiple sexual partners and that only 23.3% of the participants have ever done pap smear test prior to diagnosis, while 20% of them are unaware of the screening test. The histopathological result, alongside the Multiple Sequence Alignment revealed that with higher severity of cervical carcinoma, the p53 gene tends to accumulate more mutations. Our study also revealed the poor knowledge of Nigerian women to cancer screening, this may be one of the contributory factors to late diagnosis of cervical cancer among the African population. Hence, awareness for uptake of cancer screening and early detection are encouraged.