bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Nutritional Potential of Acacia Sieberiana Seeds (Dc) Growing In North West of Nigeria
Authors: Salisu Abubakar , Ogbadu Godwin H. , Onyenekwe Paul C. , Olorode Omotoye , Ndana Rebecca W. , Segun Olayanju
Published: March 2014

Concerted efforts in search of alternative sources of protein has grown due to dearth of animal protein in developing countries, as  food shortage and poverty become more endemic, people increasingly depend on plants rather than animals for proteins in their diets. This work focuses on untapped indigenous wild savannah tree, Acacia sieberiana (seeds) for its nutritional and economical values. The seeds were collected and processed for proximate compositions, phytochemicals and elemental analysis. The high percentage of crude protein content of 49.7% and absence of toxic elements such as Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (Ar), and very low percentage of Lead (Pb) 0.001ml/g has proven that the Acacia sieberiana seeds are very safe and could serve as an alternative source of protein. The result of the quantitative minerals determination shows the presence of Manganese (3.93mg/g), Calcium (2.02mg/g), and Iron (0.11mg/g). The germination trials of the seeds were also carried out, and the result shows that, soaking, heating the seeds at 600C and even the non treated seeds as well as those planted and mulched gave promising results of the plant’s seeds germination. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) software was used to analysed the significant differences between the treatments at critical value (p≥0.05).
Parasitic Burden and Pathologic Effects of Anisakis Sp. (Nematoda : Anisakinae, Anisakidae) and Contracaecum Sp. Larvae (Nematoda : Anisakinae, Anisakidae) on Mugilids from Senegalese Estuaries
Authors: DIONE Ephigénie Ndew , DIOUF Malick , SARR Alassane , FALL Jean , BÂ Cheikh Tidiane
Published: March 2014

Consumption of mugilids is widespread in Senegal, especially in the estuaries, where there production is of economic importance. The prevalence, mean intensity and pathologic effects of Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp. larvae which infected mugilids from Senegalese estuaries were investigated. In 2009, individuals of mugilids belonging to 6 and 5 species were trapped from the estuaries of Saloum, Senegal and Casamance rivers respectively. The prevalence and mean intensity of Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp. are higher in Senegal and Saloum estuaries respectively. The increase in the load of Contracaecum sp., related to the season in L. falcipinnis, the season, the size, the weight and/or the sex in M. cephalus from the estuaries of Saloum and Senegal and M. curema from Saloum estuary were due to an accumulation of parasites over time. Liver, kidney, body cavity and mesentery and ovaries are the respective sites of infection of Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp. larvae. The immune response observed is the formation of a fibrous capsule surrounding the parasites with melanin granules all around the capsule. The implementation of the capsule and the presence of melanin granules suggest the involvement of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. The lesions caused by Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp. larval settlement in target organs may cause the death of the host and/or a reduction in fertility.
Aerosynthesis: Growth of Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanofibres with Air DC Plasma
Authors: Kodumagulla A. , Varanasi V. , Pearce R. C. , Wu W. C. , Hensley D. K. , Tracy J. B. , McKnight T. E. , Melechko A. V.
Published: March 2014

Vertically-aligned carbon nanofibres (VACNFs) have been synthesized in a mixture of acetone and air using catalytic DC plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Typically, ammonia or hydrogen is used as an etchant gas in the mixture to remove carbon that otherwise passivates the catalyst surface and impedes growth. Our demonstration of the use of air as the etchant gas opens up the possibility that ion etching could be sufficient to maintain the catalytic activity state during synthesis. It also demonstrates a path toward growing VACNFs in the open atmosphere.
Regional Analysis of Soft Tissue Thickness on Korean Buttocks and Application to Fasciocutaneous Flap Design
Authors: Kim Do Yup , Choi Hyun Nam , Park Jin Hyung , Kim Sin Rak , Kim Hyun , Han Yea Sik
Published: March 2014

Background
Various shapes and designs of the gluteal artery perforator flap have been used for treating sacral pressure sores and reconstructing breasts. To establish the ideal fasciocutaneous flap design for use in the gluteal area, the soft tissue thickness distribution was measured.

Methods
Twenty-one buttocks of adult Korean cadavers were analyzed through rectangular subfascial dissection. Each buttock was divided horizontally into 10 sections and vertically into 10 sections, and then, the thickness at the corners of the sections was measured. For the sake of comparison and statistical verification with living bodies, computed tomography (CT) images of 120 buttocks of patients were randomly selected. Five horizontal sections and 4 vertical sections were made, and the thickness at each corner was recorded.

Results
According to the dissection and the CT images, the area with the thinnest soft tissues in the buttock was around the posterior superior iliac spine, close to the sacral area. The thickest area was the superolateral area of the buttock, which was 3.24 times and 2.15 times thicker than the thinnest area in the studies on cadaver anatomy and the CT images, respectively.

Conclusions
The thickness of the soft tissues in the buttocks differed by area. The superolateral area had the thickest soft tissues, and the superomedial area had the thinnest. This study includes information on the distribution of the thickness of the gluteal soft tissues of Koreans. The outcome of this study may contribute to the design of effective local flaps for pressure sore reconstruction and free flaps for breast reconstruction.
Free Flap Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects after Oncologic Ablation: One Surgeon's Outcomes in 42 Cases
Authors: Lim Yun Sub , Kim Jun Sik , Kim Nam Gyun , Lee Kyung Suk , Choi Jae Hoon , Park Sang Woo
Published: March 2014

Background Free flap surgery for head and neck defects has gained popularity as an advanced microvascular surgical technique. The aims of this study are first, to determine whether the known risk factors such as comorbidity, tobacco use, obesity, and radiation increase the complications of a free flap transfer, and second, to identify the incidence of complications in a radial forearm free flap and an anterolateral thigh perforator flap.

Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with head and neck cancer who underwent reconstruction with free flap between May 1994 and May 2012 at our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Results The patients included 36 men and 6 women, with a mean age of 59.38 years. The most common primary tumor site was the tongue (38%). The most commonly used free flap was the radial forearm free flap (57%), followed by the anterolateral thigh perforator free flap (22%). There was no occurrence of free flap failure. In this study, risk factors of the patients did not increase the occurrence of complications. In addition, no statistically significant differences in complications were observed between the radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh perforator free flap.

Conclusions We could conclude that the risk factors of the patient did not increase the complications of a free flap transfer. Therefore, the risk factors of patients are no longer a negative factor for a free flap transfer.
Influência da densidade na velocidade de propagação da onda em sete espécies de madeira tropicais
Authors: Alves Rejane Costa , Martins Tatiane , Carrasco Edgar Vladimiro Mantilla
Published: March 2014

A tomografia acústica aplicada em peças de madeiras permite que seja determinada sua seção transversal por meio do princípio físico de emissão e de percurso de ondas acústicas. No entanto os valores da velocidade de propagação sofrem influência de alguns fatores, dentre eles, a densidade da madeira. Foram avaliadas sete espécies de madeiras tropicais por meio do equipamento tomógrafo acústico Fakopp 3D. Toda a metodologia destrutiva experimental seguiu as prescrições da NBR 7190/97, tendo sido realizados os ensaios de densidade e teor de umidade. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência da densidade aparente na velocidade de propagação de onda em sete espécies de madeiras tropicais, com densidade variando de 650 a 1150 Kg.m-³. Como resultado foi verificado que os valores de velocidade de propagação da onda nas madeiras diferenciaram-se entre si. Isto foi verificado pelo teste de Tukey a 95% de probabilidade. Os maiores valores foram encontrados para a madeira de garapa e os menores valores para a madeira de muiracatiara. O coeficiente de determinação entre a velocidade de propagação da onda e a densidade aparente dos corpos-de-prova foi 58%.
Grupos de fungos e bactérias isolados no trato respiratório de aves marinhas em reabilitação na região costeira da Baixada Santista
Authors: Zampieri Bruna Del Busso , Maranho Andrea , Oliveira Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso de
Published: March 2014

O Brasil apresenta diversidade representativa de aves marinhas residentes e migratórias. Muitas dessas aves são encontradas debilitadas nas praias e são levadas para centros de reabilitação para tratamento e posterior soltura. Algumas dessas aves marinhas, devido ao aumento da poluição costeira e próprio estresse do manejo e do cativeiro, podem ser acometidas por doenças bacterianas e fungicas. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as principais espécies de fungos e bactérias presentes no trato respiratório de aves marinhas encontradas debilitadas na região costeira da Baixada Santista. Através das analises microbiológicas foram encontrados seis gêneros principais de bactérias: Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterococcus sp e Clostridium sp e quatro de fungos: Candida sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Trichophyton sp. Grande parte desses microrganismos faz parte da microbiota desses animais, mas quando existe uma queda na resistência devido ao estresse causado pela migração, falta de alimento, ou mesmo durante o manejo, podem se tornar doenças graves que se não tratadas podem levar a morte das aves. Por isso, é necessário um diagnóstico prévio, para um tratamento eficaz, fazendo que o sucesso na reintrodução ou realocação seja maior contribuindo assim para conservação das espécies.
Avaliação da primeira década (1994-2004) das reintroduções de peixes-bois marinhos (Trichechus manatus) no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Lima Régis Pinto de , Passavante José Zanon de Oliveira
Published: March 2014

Treze peixes-boi em cativeiro foram liberados com radiotransmissores em três diferentes áreas na costa do nordeste brasileiro como parte do programa de reintrodução do peixe-boi no Brasil, entre outubro de 1994 e dezembro de 2004. Todos os indivíduos foram monitorados localmente com transmissores VHF e quatro também monitorados via satélite por diferentes períodos. Os animais foram monitorados a partir de Praia do Forte, Bahia (12.538º S/38.474ºW) até Macau, Rio Grande do Norte (5.084ºS/36, 682ºW) em seis estados do litoral do Nordeste ao longo de 1200 km. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os processos de readaptação dos peixes-bois, no intuito de pesquisadores na tomada de decisões futuras. Foram escolhidas duas áreas de soltura, praias com águas rasas, presença de algas marinhas, recifes e proximidade de pequenos rios, e outro localizado em um grande estuário, com menor presença de algas marinhas. O tempo de cativeiro não foi considerado nesta avaliação, mas pode ser um fator importante no sucesso do programa de reintrodução de peixes-bois. Cinco peixes-boi ocuparam áreas de vida com locais de alta fidelidade, onde passaram um tempo significativo. Dois peixes-boi foram recapturados logo após a soltura, os quais percorreram deslocamentos de longas distâncias, incluindo os movimentos marítimos em águas profundas. Seis peixes-boi foram rastreados durante um curto prazo. Embora os peixes-boi tivessem poucos anos, quando reintroduzidos eles encontraram condições naturais para a sobrevivência, incluindo o comportamento reprodutivo. Os sítios de fidelidade escolhidos pelos peixes-boi liberados em termos de características ambientais foram muito semelhantes. Área de ocorrência descontínua têm sido utilizada por alguns peixes-boi liberados, o primeiro peixe-boi fêmea reintroduzido teve um filhote durante o período de estudo. Recomendamos continuidade deste programa de reintrodução do peixe-boi, para proteger este três áreas liberadas, desenvolver estudos em sítios de fidelidade e uma nova área de liberação na costa do Ceará.
O uso de Anomalocardia brasiliana como organismo-teste para avaliação da toxicidade de biossurfactante à base de Candida sphaerica
Authors: Santos Ítala Gabriela Sobral dos , Gálvez Alfredo Olivera , Luna Juliana Moura de , Rufino Raquel Diniz , Sarubbo Leonie Asfora , Severi William
Published: March 2014

O molusco bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin. 1791) é conhecido vulgarmente como berbigão, marisco, muçunim ou marisco pedra. A espécie habita, preferencialmente, regiões costeiras protegidas da ação de ondas e correntes, tanto na faixa entremarés como no infralitoral raso, onde se enterra superficialmente no substrato (BOEHS et al., 2004). É uma espécie euritérmica, eurihalina, filtradora e de hábito livre, habitando locais com pouco material em suspensão (NARCHI, 1974). O seu estabelecimento em áreas de suspensão frequente de sedimento está associado ao fato de seus sifões serem curtos e fundidos com tentáculos simples (EL-DEIR, 2009). Neste contexto, o marisco-pedra Anomalocardia brasiliana foi utilizado como organismo- teste devido à sua capacidade de filtração, com o objetivo de avaliar a sua sobrevivência quando exposto a um composto biossurfactante e determinar a concentração letal média (CL50) dessa espécie em bioensaios de 96 h. Os animais empregados nos testes foram coletados em vários pontos da Praia de Mangue Seco (07°50'16"S - 034°50'43"W), Nova Cruz, município de Igarassu, Pernambuco (Figura 1). Após a coleta, foram transportados para o laboratório e mantidos em caixas de fibra de vidro, com volume de 400 litros, em água salgada com salinidade média de 26 e temperatura de 26±0,5oC, sob aeração constante, e alimentados diariamente com uma mistura algal de Chaetoceros gracilis e Navicula sp., em uma concentração de 300 x 104 células/mL, durante um período mínimo de 10 dias, anterior à realização do experimento. O biossurfactante testado apresentou uma letalidade variada para o molusco bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana, considerando as diluições-teste entre 1:10 e 1:160, com uma sobrevivência maior nas diluições mais elevadas. Os resultados são preliminares, permitindo concluir que o composto possui letalidade para o organismo testado, e sugerir a necessidade da realização de novos experimentos com diluições entre 1:10 e 1:40, para melhor estimativa da CL50 do composto para a espécie.
Food safety and nutritional value of the fishery: from the capture to the preparation of a typical food from the north coast of Pernambuco, the caldeirada
Authors: Pereira Danillo Guilherme Rangel , Silva Paloma De Andrade , Arruda Guilherme Matheus Pessoa de , Silva Eliziane Costa da , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos , Sousa Giane Maria Guedes de
Published: March 2014

The contribution of the artisanal fisheries to the national fishery production has presented an increase tendency since 1980. This project had the objective to identify the factors that affect the quality of the fisheries, from capture to the preparation at gastronomic establishments, besides the nutritional values of the condiments used to make the caldeirada, a typical food from the north coast of the state of Pernambuco. Artisanal fishermen in the municipalities of Itapissuma and Itamaracá – state of Pernambuco, Brazil - were interviewed about sanitary, social and economic factors. In addition, there were visits in Itapissuma to sites of handling and preparation of seafood dish to analyze the nutritional value, food hygienic practices and the condiments used in the most ordered regional food by the customers, the caldeirada. Results indicated failures in the use of good hygienic-sanitary practices, from capture, marketing to preparation of a seafood dish to final customers. It is necessary to implement Public Health Programs in the artisanal fisheries, including the workers involved and also for the active cooks in the gastronomic area of the locality. These strategies should bring specific actions to improve the nutritional quality of the fishery and for its consumption, resulting in food safety.
Análise fitoquímica e o poder sequestrador de peróxido de hidrogênio da macroalga Dyctiota dichotoma
Authors: Silva Inaldo Valentim da , Silva Evandro Valentim da , Jimenez George Chaves , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos , Carvalho Rita De Cássia Xavier de , Souza Ivone Antonia de
Published: March 2014

As algas pardas que pertencem ao Filo Phaeophyta, amplamente distribuídos em habitats marinhos temperados ate regiões subtropicais. As espécies do gênero Dictyota apresentam grande variabilidade morfológica e a sua composição diterpênica tem auxiliado no estabelecimento de seus limites taxonômicos. Diversos estudos tem comprovado a existência da atividade antioxidante em extratos de algas pardas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar poder sequestrador de peróxido de hidrogênio bem como identificar a presença de metabólitos secundários da Dyctiota dichotoma. A determinação da habilidade do seqüestro de peróxido de hidrogênio foi seguida. Para a identificação de monoterpenóides, sesqueterpenóides, diterpenóides e saponina foi usado como revelador a vanilina sulfúrica; para a identificação de triterpenóides e esteróides o reagente Liberman/Buchard e para flavonóides o revelador utilizado foi Os resultados referentes à avaliação fitoquímica de D. dichotoma, não foram encontrados flavonóides, esteróides. Contudo, em relação à saponina, esta não foi identificada em quantidade significante, mas, nesta avaliação foi evidenciada a presença diterpenos. Em relação à atividade antioxidante foi capaz de sequestrar 92,85% de peróxido de hidrogênio. Os dados fitoquímicos estão de acordo com as literaturas citadas, no entanto, acreditamos que será necessário dar continuação da pesquisa, com o intuito de melhor caracterizar fitoquimicamente, assim como, estudar o potencial oxidante da referida alga.
Cadmium: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Bright K.C. , Joseyphus R. Selwin
Published: March 2014

As a large, soft, heavy element, the chemistry of cadmium is marked by relatively weak bonding to carbon and other more electronegative atoms. Organocadmium compounds thus demonstrate diverse reaction chemistry. Furthermore, the large size and low valency of cadmium leads to interesting aggregated compounds. The reactivity and structural importance of organocadmium compounds find applications as nonlinear optical and dielectric materials.
Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (
TIMPs
): Inhibition of Zn‐Dependent Metallopeptidases
Authors: Batra Jyotica , Radisky Evette S
Published: March 2014

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (
TIMPs
) are protein protease inhibitors that target zinc‐dependent metallopeptidases of the matrix metalloproteinase (
MMP
), disintegrin metalloproteinase (
ADAM
), and disintegrin metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (
ADAM‐TS
) families.
TIMPs
form very tight 1:1 stoichiometric complexes with target peptidases that are centered on the peptidase catalytic zinc ion, and in which three zinc–ligand bonds are donated by the peptidase and two zinc–ligand bonds are donated by the
TIMP
. While this general structural mechanism of inhibition is highly conserved among all complexes studied, the reported binding constants for
TIMP
–peptidase interactions span many orders of magnitude, revealing overlapping but distinct specificity. Nonconserved epitopes at the periphery of the
TIMP
/peptidase interface contribute to differential recognition among complexes. This article summarizes currently available structural and biochemical data relating to molecular recognition in
TIMP
–peptidase complexes.
Graphene
Authors: Sur Ujjal K.
Published: March 2014

Graphene, a one‐atom‐thick planar sheet of sp2‐bonded carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice, is considered to be the mother of all graphitic materials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphite. Graphene, the two‐dimensional form of graphite, was first isolated in 2004 by Geim and Novoselov of Manchester University, the United Kingdom. Today, graphene is the most attractive nanomaterial not only because it is the thinnest known material and the strongest material ever measured in the universe, but also because of its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. It has potential applications ranging from sensors, field‐effect transistors, displays, energy storage, and photovoltaic devices. The aim of this article is to provide an updated overview of graphene in terms of synthesis, historical background, and some of the amazing properties and potential applications ranging from sensors to energy storage devices. In addition to these, special emphasis has been given to various graphene/polymer nanocomposites in terms of fabrication, properties, and potential applications.
The impact of race, age, and sex in follicular lymphoma: A comprehensive SEER analysis across consecutive treatment eras
Authors: Nabhan Chadi , Aschebrook‐Kilfoy Briseis , Chiu Brian C‐H , Kruczek Kimberly , Smith Sonali M. , Evens Andrew M.
Published: March 2014

The impact of race/ethnicity and the additional factors of age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) on follicular lymphoma (FL) outcomes have not been comprehensively studied and are not well defined. We examined population‐based FL data from >18,000 patients in SEER‐13 (1992–2009) investigating race/ethnicity and the impact of relevant factors including sex, age, and SES. Further, we compared data over two consecutive periods: Era‐1 (1992–2000, n = 8,355) and Era‐2 (2001–2009, n = 10,475). We identified 18,830 FL patients (White: n = 15,116; Hispanic: n = 1,627; Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI): n = 1,002; and Black: n = 846). Median ages (years) differed significantly by race/ethnicity: White: 62.1, Hispanic: 57.3, A/PI: 60.7, and Black: 56.8 (P < 0.01 each race versus White). Overall survival (OS) was superior in Era‐2 versus Era‐1 for all patients (5‐year: 76.7% versus 67.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Further, survival was significantly improved for all age groups <80 years, for males (P = 0.0019), and females (P < 0.001) across eras. Females had superior OS compared with males in Era‐1 (P = 0.004), but not in Era‐2. Additionally, all races, except A/PI, had improved 5‐year OS rates from Era‐1 to Era‐2. Finally, OS improved across eras for lower and higher SES populations; however those with higher SES were superior to lower SES patients in both eras. In conclusion, and in the largest comprehensive evaluation of US‐based FL patients to date, we show that despite improvements in OS for FL over time, critical disparities across races/ethnicities, sex, and age groups remain in the modern era and warrant further studies. Am. J. Hematol. 89:633–638, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Has the CSR engagement of electrical companies had an effect on their performance? A closer look at the environment
Authors: Miras‐Rodríguez María del Mar , Carrasco‐Gallego Amalia , Escobar‐Pérez Bernabé
Published: March 2014

Even though electrical companies attain a top ranking in the publication of CSR reports, they are often accused of 'green‐washing' due to their bad environmental reputation. The current economic crisis is testing their real CSR commitment more than ever, especially when this goes beyond its economic consequences.

Based on a worldwide sample of electrical companies, we are going to study why companies are being socially responsible. We wish to know if it is due to the impact on the firms' performance or whether there are other motives (legitimation, improving their reputation) that lead companies to carry out these practices. We will also consider if it changes across the kind of CSR action considered.

The results show that there is an economic justification beyond the socially responsible behaviour of the electrical companies. Additionally, most kinds of CSR action (community, diversity, corporate governance, product responsibility) are also carried out looking for economic rewards. However, the CSR actions oriented to the environment are mainly motivated by their need to improve their image and reverse their negative impact. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Spin Ordering and Complex Magnetic Structure in BaYFeO4: A Neutron Diffraction and High Temperature Susceptibility Study.
Authors: Thompson Corey M. , Greedan John E. , Garlea V. Ovidiu , Flacau Roxana , Tan Malinda , Nguyen Phuong‐Hieu T. , Wrobel Friederike , Derakhshan Shahab
Published: March 2014

BaYFeO4 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of BaCO3, Y2O3, and Fe2O3 in air (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New 3‐D Boratopolyoxovanadate Architectures Based on the [V12B16O50(OH)8]12‐ Cluster with Different Metal Linkers.
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Jian , Xiao Hong‐Ping , Kong Chunyang , Zou Huahong , Tang Qiuling , Li Jianhui
Published: March 2014

Compounds (IV) and (VI) are characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahedral Connection of ε‐Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates to Form an All‐Inorganic Octahedral Molecular Sieve with an Intrinsic 3D Pore System.
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Sadakane Masahiro , Murayama Toru , Izumi Shoko , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Sakaguchi Norihito , Ueda Wataru
Published: March 2014

A Bi‐capped ε‐VMo9.4V2.6O40 Keggin‐type core is prepared hydrothermally from aqueous solutions of (NH4)6Mo7O24, VOSO4, and Bi(OH)3 (autoclave, 448 K, 48 h, 3.3% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Halogenation of 2‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles via sp2 C—H Activation.
Authors: Tian Qingshan , Chen Xianmin , Liu Wei , Wang Zechao , Shi Suping , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: March 2014

The first example of a Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐halogenation of 2‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles (I) and (III) via C—H activation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones with Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: He Wujun , Jing Linhai , Qin Dabin , Wang Rongming , Xie Xiaohua , Wu Song
Published: March 2014

Michael addition of furanones to α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of a cinchona‐based chiral catalyst provides the title products (III) with high enantioselectivity and low to moderate diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromoform Activation. TiCl4—Mg‐Promoted CHBr2‐ and CBr3‐ Transfer to a Variety of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Yan Tu‐Hsin , Chang Su‐Haur , Chang Cheng‐Ta , Lin Chia‐Kuan , Liu Chien‐Yu
Published: March 2014

The system TiCl4—Mg can mediate addition of bromoform to a variety of aldehydes and ketones to form either dibromomethyl carbinols or tribromomethyl carbinols dependent on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper‐Free, Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Hetaryl Halides.
Authors: Arsenyan Pavel , Rubina Kira , Vasiljeva Jelena , Belyakov Sergey
Published: March 2014

An inexpensive Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of haloarenes (I) with terminal alkynes is developed to yield the expected internal alkynes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis: Combining an Achiral Metal Catalyst with a Chiral Broensted Acid Enables Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Tang Weijun , Johnston Steven , Li Chaoqun , Iggo Jonathan A. , Bacsa John , Xiao Jianliang
Published: March 2014

The catalytic system of title can be employed on imines derived from aromatic as well as aliphatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Amidation of Unactivated Arenes by N‐Tosyloxycarbamates.
Authors: John Alex , Byun Jeena , Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: March 2014

Optimal reaction conditions are elaborated for the amidation of benzene with N‐tosyloxycarbamate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Nitrophenyl Ethylthioester in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Additions: Different Behavior of β‐Aryl and β‐Alkyl Enals.
Authors: Duce Sara , Jorge Maria , Alonso Ines , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Cid M. Belen
Published: March 2014

The differences in the reactivity of the thioesters (I) with β‐alkyl and β‐aryl‐substituted enals (II) are overcome by optimization allowing the synthesis of diastereomeric mixtures of Michael adducts (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Naphthols from Enol Esters.
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Mothkuri Raghavender , Pal Arpan , Paital Alok R.
Published: March 2014

The unprecedented reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Naphthol Derivatives by Copper‐(R)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine‐TEMPO Catalyst.
Authors: Alamsetti Santosh Kumar , Poonguzhali Elamvazhuthi , Ganapathy Dhandapani , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: March 2014

Addition of TEMPO to the (R)‐BINAM‐CuCl complex is crucial as it increases dramatically the reaction rate and selectivity of the reaction at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolines Catalyzed by a Cinchona Alkaloid‐Derived Organocatalyst.
Authors: Shao Qian , Chen Jiean , Tu Meihua , Piotrowski David W. , Huang Yong
Published: March 2014

A highly enantioselective protocol for the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,2,4‐triazolines (IV), that is complementary to existing protocols, from azlactones (I) and azodicarboxylates (II) using a chiral organocatalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rauhut—Currier‐Type Reaction with Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates of 2‐Cyclohexenone and Alkylidenemalononitriles to Access Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Peng Jing , Huang Xin , Zheng Peng‐Fei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: March 2014

The convenient metal‐free one‐pot procedure allows the synthesis of highly functionalized chromene derivatives through a domino Rauhut—Currier‐type reaction, cyclization, and isomerization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Knoevenagel Condensation/Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization Route to Diverse Indolizines with Densely Functionalized Pyridine Units.
Authors: Kim Myungock , Jung Youngeun , Kim Ikyon
Published: March 2014

It offers a new, facile, and efficient approach to a number of indolizine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach to Chiral 1,4‐Benzodioxane Toward the Syntheses of Doxazosin, Prosympal, Piperoxan, and Dibozane.
Authors: Rouf Abdul , Aga Mushtaq A. , Kumar Brijesh , Taneja Subhash Chandra
Published: March 2014

Starting from commercially available inexpensive optically active diol (I) the synthesis of optically active 2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,4‐benzodioxane (V) is developed and its use as common precursor in the synthesis of the title compounds doxazosin (XI), prosympal (XIIIa), piperoxan (XIIIb), and dibozane (XV) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Activation of α‐Amino Peroxy and Hydroxy Intermediates to Iminium Ion Precursor: An Access to C4‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolines via Oxidative Cross Coupling Strategy.
Authors: Kumar R. Arun , Saidulu G. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Liu Shiuh Tzung , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: March 2014

Coupling of (2‐aminobenzyl)anilines with aromatic aldehydes followed by tBuOOH‐mediated oxidation leads to α‐amino peroxy and hydroxy intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Mediated Cyclizations of SEM‐Protected Heterocyclic Anilines and Adjacent Hydroxyls of Enol‐Ethers.
Authors: Meng Zhaoyang , Sun Binyuan , Reddy Panduranga Adulla , Siddiqui M. Arshad
Published: March 2014

Substrates (I) undergo unexpected acid mediated cyclization involving the Sem‐protecting amino group and a neighboring enol ether moiety to produce tricyclic heterocycles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of the Aromatic Site in Novel Anticonvulsant Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Dawidowski Maciej , Wilczek Marcin , Kubica Krzysztof , Skolmowski Michal , Turlo Jadwiga
Published: March 2014

A variety of novel, chiral 4‐arylpyrrolopyrazine derivatives (II) are synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Benzimidazolopyrazine Derivatives via Tandem Benzimidazole Formation/Annulation of δ‐Alkynyl Aldehyde
Authors: Ramesh Subburethinam , Ghosh Suman Kr , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: March 2014

26 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 5‐Halogen‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones by Halogen‐Mediated Regioselective Cyclization of N‐Cbz‐Protected Propargylic Amines: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Monleon Alicia , Blay Gonzalo , Domingo Luis R. , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R.
Published: March 2014

The halocyclization reaction of chiral propargylic amines (I) proceeds with complete regioselectivity, taking place through a 6‐endo‐dig process regardless of the nature of the halogen and of the substituents in the starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New Hybrid Triazine‐Indole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents Against Hospital Resistant Strains.
Authors: Al‐Qawasmeh Raed A. , Khanfar Monther A. , Semreen Mohamad H. , Abu Odeh Raed , Al‐Tel Taleb H.
Published: March 2014

A microwave‐assisted protocol for the synthesis of triazine‐indole derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Furo‐ and Thieno‐Fused 1,3‐Diazepine‐4,6‐diones.
Authors: Ozer Merve Sinem , Koza Gani , Sahin Ertan , Balci Metin
Published: March 2014

Starting from the furan (I) possessing two adjacent ester groups the synthesis of furo‐fused diazepinedione derivatives (VI) and (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Silicon‐Position Dependent 6‐endo‐trig Cyclization During Tsuji—Trost Alkylation.
Authors: Agarwal Jyoti , Commandeur Claude , Malacria Max , Thorimbert Serge
Published: March 2014

The preparation of two silylated cyclohexenes by using a Tsuji—Trost palladium‐catalyzed cyclization is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Alkenylation of Aldehydes Using Alkynes and Triethylsilane: Dual Catalysis by Platinum(II) Chloride.
Authors: Kinoshita Hidenori , Uemura Ryousuke , Fukuda Daiki , Miura Katsukiyo
Published: March 2014

The title alkenylation proceeds with complete regioselectivity and is tolerant to a reasonable range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Progress on Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Remediation
Authors: Li Dongwei , Ke Yang , Meng Fan
Published: March 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Fullerenes with Ozone
Authors: Bulgakov R. G. , Sabirov D. Sh. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: March 2014

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazolium Cations: From the “Click” Pool to Multipurpose Applications
Authors: Aizpurua Jesus M. , Fratila Raluca M. , Monasterio Zaira , Perez‐Esnaola Nerea , Andreieff Elena , Irastorza Aitziber , Sagartzazu‐Aizpurua Maialen
Published: March 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surprise(s) in Magnets without Net Moments
Authors: Damle Kedar
Published: March 2014

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Nanoparticles in Biomass Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Shuttleworth P. S. , De bruyn M. , Parker H. L. , Hunt A. J. , Budarin V. L. , Matharu A. S. , Clark J. H.
Published: March 2014

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Molecular Approaches to the Structure—Activity Relationships and Unique Characterizations of Co—Mo Sulfide Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts for the Production of Ultraclean Fuels
Authors: Okamoto Yasuaki
Published: March 2014

Review: 180 refs.
Comparison of Prasugrel and Bivalirudin vs Clopidogrel and Heparin in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Design and Rationale of the Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation (BRAVE) 4 Trial
Authors: Schulz Stefanie , Richardt Gert , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Mehran Roxana , Gershlick Anthony H. , Morath Tanja , Mayer Katharina , Neudecker Julia , Tölg Ralph , Ibrahim Tareq , Hauschke Dieter , Braun Daniel , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan , Mehilli Julinda ,   for the Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation (BRAVE) 4 Investigators
Published: March 2014

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Effective and safe adjunct antithrombotic therapy is a major determinant for short‐ and long‐term outcomes after primary PCI. Two separate studies have shown significant benefits vs conventional therapy for 2 recently approved drugs. In the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS‐AMI) trial, bivalirudin after pretreatment with clopidogrel resulted in improved net clinical outcome compared with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. However, during the first 24 hours after PCI, there was an increase in stent thrombosis rates with bivalirudin. In the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel—Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TRITON‐TIMI) 38 trial, prasugrel was superior to clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without ST‐segment elevation. The synergic actions of prasugrel and bivalirudin may maximize the benefit of antithrombotic therapy for STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. However, no specifically designed studies have so far compared the combination of prasugrel plus bivalirudin with that of clopidogrel plus unfractionated heparin in these patients. The Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation (BRAVE) 4 study is a randomized, open‐label, multicenter trial aimed to test the hypothesis that a strategy based on prasugrel plus bivalirudin is superior to a strategy based on clopidogrel plus unfractionated heparin in terms of net clinical outcome in STEMI patients with planned primary PCI.
Workload resampling for performance evaluation of parallel job schedulers
Authors: Zakay Netanel , Feitelson Dror G.
Published: March 2014

Evaluating the performance of a computer system is based on using representative workloads. Common practice is to either use real workload traces to drive simulations or use statistical workload models that are based on such traces. Such models allow various workload attributes to be manipulated, thus providing desirable flexibility, but may lose details of the workload's internal structure. To overcome this, we suggest to combine the benefits of real traces and flexible modeling. Focusing on the problem of evaluating the performance of parallel job schedulers, we partition the trace of submitted jobs into independent subtraces representing different users and then recombine them in various ways, while maintaining features such as long‐range dependence and the daily and weekly cycles of activity. This facilitates the creation of longer workload traces that enable longer simulations, the creation of multiple statistically similar workloads that can be used to gauge confidence intervals, the creation of workloads with different load levels, and increasing the frequency of specific events like large surges of activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Sharma Giriraj K. , Dhillon Vaninder K. , Masood Rizwan , Maceri Dennis R.
Published: March 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluate their association with lymph node metastasis.

Methods

EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR expression in 21 matched tumors and surrounding normal thyroid tissues were evaluated by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

We noted a statistically significant overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR in tumor versus normal tissue based on cDNA microarray, Western blot, and IHC analysis. EphB4 and EphrinB2 overexpression were significantly associated with the presence of lymph node disease.

Conclusion

Overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR are associated with PTC, whereas EphB4 and EphrinB2 overexpression are associated with lymph node metastases. These genes may be potential biomarkers for identification of subclinical lymph node involvement in PTC and potential small‐molecule targets for pharmacotherapy research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 964–969, 2015
BEYOND THE PROMISES OF TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW OF THE DISCOURSES AND ACTORS WHO MAKE DRIP IRRIGATION
Authors: Venot Jean‐Philippe , Zwarteveen Margreet , Kuper Marcel , Boesveld Harm , Bossenbroek Lisa , Kooij Saskia Van Der , Wanvoeke Jonas , Benouniche Maya , Errahj Mostapha , Fraiture Charlotte De , Verma Shilp
Published: March 2014

Drip irrigation has long been promoted as a promising way to meet today's world water, food and poverty challenges. In most scientific and policy documents, drip irrigation is framed as a technological innovation with definitive intrinsic characteristics—that of efficiency, productivity and modernity. Based on evidence from North and West Africa as well as South Asia, we show that there are multiple actors involved in shaping this imagery, the legitimacy of which largely stems from an engineering perspective that treats technology and potential as ‘truths’ that exist independently of the context of use. Rather than ascribing the advent of drip irrigation as a successful technology to intrinsic technical features, this paper proposes to see it as grounded in the ability drip irrigation has to lend itself to multiple contexts and discourses that articulate desirable futures. We thus adopt a view of technology whereby the ‘real’ (i.e. the drip irrigation hardware) acquires its characteristics only through, and within, the network of institutions, discourses and practices that enact it. Such a perspective sheds light on the iterative alignments that take place between hardware and context and treat these as inherent features, rather than externalities, of the innovation process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of the 1,440‐nm laser in the treatment of photodamage in Asian skin
Authors: Marmon Shoshana , Shek Samantha Y. N. , Yeung C.K. , Chan Nicola P.Y. , Chan Johnny CY , Chan Henry H.L.
Published: March 2014

Background and Objective

As the demand for diminished procedure‐associated downtime continues to increase, nonablative fractional laser resurfacing is becoming a more popular intervention in the progression of photoaging. Patients with pigmented skin and a mild degree of photodamage may be particularly suited for a less intensive laser treatment. In this study, we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of a low energy, low density 1,440‐nm fractional laser in the treatment of multiple signs of photoaging including dyspigmentation, wrinkling, tissue laxity, enlarged pores, and skin roughness in Asians.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Ten Chinese subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III–V and visible signs of photodamage participated in this study. Patients received four treatments at 2‐week intervals with a 1,440‐nm diode‐based fractional laser. Photographs were taken at baseline, 2 weeks after each of the first three treatments and 4 weeks after the final treatment. Images were evaluated independently by two physicians. Clinical improvement and adverse events were analyzed. Discomfort, heat sensation and overall patient satisfaction associated with the procedure were also quantified.

Results

In this prospective single‐arm study, signs of photoaging were examined after treatment with the 1,440‐nm laser. Here we show that a series of four treatments with this device produced a mild improvement in skin texture, pigmentation, and wrinkling. Changes in pore size and skin laxity failed to reach statistical significance. Immediate after‐effects of the procedure included erythema and edema which were transient and left no permanent sequela. A significant proportion of patients reported some degree of discomfort during the procedure despite use of a topical anesthetic. One patient developed a discrete, localized area of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation which completely resolved by the final follow up visit.

Conclusion

The low energy, low density nonablative 1,440‐nm fractional laser produces a mild improvement in select signs of photodamage after four treatments without any long‐term adverse effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:375–379, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermo‐Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Soybean Oil‐Based Cationic Polyurethane Coatings: Effects of Amine Ratio and Degree of Crosslinking
Authors: Garrison Thomas F. , Zhang Zongyu , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Mitra Debjani , Xia Ying , Pfister Daniel P. , Brehm‐Stecher Byron F. , Larock Richard C. , Kessler Michael R.
Published: March 2014

Soybean‐oil‐based cationic polyurethane coatings with antibacterial properties have been prepared with a range of different molar ratios of hydroxyl groups from an amine diol. A second series of polyurethane coatings were prepared from soy polyols with different hydroxyl numbers. All of the cationic PU dispersions and films exhibit inhibitory activity against three foodborne pathogens: Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. It is generally observed that increases in the ratio of ammonium cations improve the antibacterial performance. Reduction of the crosslink density by decreasing the hydroxyl number of the soy polyol also results in slightly improved antibacterial properties. Higher glass transition temperatures and improved mechanical properties are observed with corresponding increases in the molar ratios of the amine diol and the diisocyanate. These results show that the mechanical properties of these coatings can be tuned, while maintaining good antibacterial activity.
Risk of fracture in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Pouwels Sander , de Boer Anthonius , Leufkens Hubert G.M. , Weber Wim E.J. , Cooper Cyrus , de Vries Frank
Published: March 2014

Introduction: In this study we evaluated fracture risk in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987–2012). Each patient with CMT disease was matched with up to 6 patients without a history of CMT disease. The outcome measure was fractures. Results: The risk of non‐osteoporotic fracture was statistically significantly increased [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.14], whereas risk of any and osteoporotic fracture did not reach statistical significance compared with control patients [AHR 1.31 (95% CI 0.98–1.74) and AHR 1.10 (95% CI 0.69–1.74), respectively]. Conclusions: CMT patients have a 1.5‐fold increased risk for non‐osteoporotic fracture. Studies with larger numbers of CMT patients and with additional data on CMT subtype, bone mineral density, and functional status should be performed to confirm a true association between CMT and an increased risk of fracture. Muscle Nerve 50: 919–924, 2014