bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Allocation of Compression Packer Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Cao Mingchen , Yue Hui , Pang Wei
Published: November 2024

The packer is a key component of the downhole sealing system during well completion stage, and its sealing reliability is directly related to the effectiveness of the downhole sealing system. The reliability assignment of the packer should meet the multi-level and multi-factor requirements, and it has the coexistence of quantity and quality analysis. Thus, how to achieve the reasonable reliability allocation of the packer is very important. This article introduced the reliability allocation for a typical compression packer based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The structure of analytic hierarchy process for compression packer’s reliability allocation was established, which include the target layer, criterion layer and object layer. To quantitatively calculate the weights of the main part of the compression packer system, the FAHP method was performed, which consist of the sealing unit, anchoring unit, locking and anti-retreat unit, seating unit, unseating unit and anti-open unit. The three-scale judgment matrix scale was conducted to make the fuzzy consistency matrix meet the consistency conditions. Based on the weight analysis results and the preset reliability, the reliability allocation of the compression packer system was performed. The obtained distribution results satisfy the preset requirements and consistent with the actual operation of the packer, which proves the feasibility and validity of FAHP method. The proposed method reasonably solves fuzzy decision-making problem in the process of reliability allocation, and provides an efficient and reasonable way for the reliability allocation of the packer.
Geological characteristics and seismic identification of reservoirs in the Colorado Basin off the Atlantic coast of Argentina
Authors: Bian Hai-guang , Wen Zhi-xin , Han Tao , Song Cheng-peng , Wang Xue-ling
Published: November 2024

The Colorado Basin is a hot exploration frontier basin conjugated with the southwest coast of Africa which has undergone four evolutionary stages: Carboniferous-Jurassic pre-rift, Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rift, Late Cretaceous transition and passive marginal drift since Paleocene. Major oil and gas discoveries have been made in the conjugated Orange Basin in recent years, including the Graff field and Venus field discovered in 2022 with recoverable reserves of 550 Mboe and 2.3 Bboe, respectively. This indicates that the basin has good oil and gas exploration potential. Based on the analysis of drilling data and seismic data, it is concluded that the basin has a mature oil-gas generation system and better reservoir conditions. The pre-rift and syn-rift source rocks are confirmed by 5 Wells with oil and gas shows in the shallow water shelf, and all have entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold. Reservoir distribution and trap-sealing conditions have become key factors in oil and gas exploration. this paper describes the reservoir characteristics in the drilling data, and extrapolates the seismic reflection characteristics of the same strata, and predicts the reservoir distribution in the unexplored area of the basin. The reservoir lithology and sedimentary facies are analyzed based on the gamma logging curves. Reservoir identification and reasonable prediction on seismic profile are mainly determined by seismic reflection amplitude and horizon calibration. The basin has three sets of reservoirs, namely, pre-rift Permian underwater fan sandstone, Lower Cretaceous alluvial fan sandstone of syn-rift period and Upper Cretaceous Colorado Formation shallow marine sandstone of transitional period. Among them, Colorado Formation sandstone reservoir has the best physical property conditions, with a maximum porosity of 32% and a thickness of 1000m. The Cretaceous and Paleogene turbidite sandstone of slope fan facies are potential reservoir in the deep waters, which mainly form litho-stratigraphic traps in the continental slope.
Application and Enlightenment of High Frequency Pressure Monitoring in Fracturing of Fengxi Block
Authors: Lin Hai , Huang Qijun , Guo Delong , Zhang Chengjuan , Ma Bin , Feng Xinyuan
Published: November 2024

Volumetric fracturing of large-scale horizontal Wells is one of the important techniques for unconventional oil and gas production. However, there are no effective quantitative methods to describe key parameters such as fracture size and formation flow parameters. The high frequency pressure monitoring technology is to install a high frequency pressure gauge at the wellhead, and obtain the fracture initiation position and the sealing property of the bridge plug through monitoring and analysis of the water hammer wave during the period of pump shutdown. At the same time, the fracturing scale, permeability and the original formation pressure are obtained by combining the analysis of seepage pressure. On the basis of quantitative monitoring results, the relationship between fracture parameters and geological and engineering factors is deeply analyzed, and the following conclusions are obtained. (1) The number of fractures opened is mainly affected by the physical properties of the reservoir, which in turn affects the amount of liquid intake and sand of the single cluster opened, and finally affects the length and height of fractures in the core area. (2) The fracture morphology is affected by the construction scale and reservoir mechanical properties of a single cluster, while the SRV of the core area and the overall SRV are more affected by the overall construction scale.
Study on the Variation Rule of Solubility of Common Scaling under High Temperature and High Pressure Conditions
Authors: Zhou Fei , Liu Jian-Yi , Jiang Han-jun , Zhao Ming , Li Xue-liang , Yao Di
Published: November 2024

In view of the lack of equipment for direct detection of ion content in formation water under high temperature and high pressure conditions at domestic and overseas until now. In this paper, a static experiment was designed to test the solubility of each ion in the fluid under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The influence of different temperature and pressure on the solubility of scaling was tested by experiments, and the variation rule of the scaling solubility under high temperature and high pressure was comprehensively studied. The results show that: With the increase of temperature, the solubility of barium sulfate in pure water increases first and then decreases; the solubility of strontium sulfate decreases gradually; the solubility of magnesium carbonate increases first and then decreases; the solubility of magnesium carbonate increases first and then decreases; the solubility of calcium carbonate increases first, then decreases and then increases; at the same temperature and pressure, the solubility of four scalings that are barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, strontium sulfate and magnesium carbonate is in the size order of BaSO4<CaCO3<SrSO4<MgCO3.
Design and Optimization of Elliptical B-shaped Sleeve Configuration for Oil&Gas Pipeline
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wu Feng , Yang Pingxi
Published: November 2024

Affected by external loads or pipeline corrosion, oil & gas transmission pipelines may encounter safety hazards during service. In terms of defect repair, both domestic and foreign standards currently stipulate that the permanent repair method is B-type sleeve or tube replacement. Compared to the costly tube replacement, B-type sleeves are undoubtedly the preferred choice for economy and safety. However, due to installation size limitations, conventional sleeves are difficult to repair large deformation defects such as wrinkles and buckling in oil and gas pipelines. This study aims at developing, designing, and optimizing a B-type sleeve for welding repair of irregular defects in oil and gas pipelines. By designing irregular B-shaped sleeves with different curve configurations, the stress levels and concentration coefficients of irregular sleeves at different defect heights and sleeve lengths are calculated. The optimal pumpkin shaped and elliptical curve sleeve configurations are selected as the repair solutions for irregular sleeves. Under the existing limitations of machining and detection accuracy, pumpkin shaped irregular sleeves can be prioritized for application in engineering, while elliptical curve sleeves are considered as alternative solutions.
Research on Fracture Parameter Optimization Method Based on Generative Adversarial Network in Small Sample Size
Authors: Xi Hao jiang , Li Xiang Qi , Chen Qi , Luo Zhi Feng , Huang Qi Sheng
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the optimization of fracturing parameters in the fractured gas reservoirs of the Tarim Basin, especially under the challenge of small sample sizes and high data acquisition costs. It proposes an innovative method based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). Traditional fracturing technology parameter optimization often leads to model overfitting and poor generalization due to limited data. This research adopts GAN for data augmentation to generate additional training samples, thereby improving the training effect of machine learning models. The combination of genetic algorithms and model fusion techniques further optimizes production capacity prediction and fracturing parameter adjustment. Application of this method to actual data from the Tarim Basin shows that it effectively enhances the accuracy of parameter optimization and the generalization ability of the model, providing significant guidance for gas reservoir development under similar complex geological conditions.
Decision-making method of managed pressure drilling based on real-time calculation and analysis models
Authors: Yang Yun , Wei Haifang , Yan Ronghui , Xu Zhaoyang , Peng Chi , Gao Guowang , Wu Lei , Li Jing
Published: November 2024

As petroleum exploration and development extend towards marginal, deep, and unconventional resources, drilling challenges such as narrow density windows and high wellbore control risks become increasingly prominent. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) proves effective in reducing drilling operational difficulties and well control risks in narrow safe-density window formations. However, existing MPD systems have limited capabilities for real-time calculation and analysis in the absence of downhole pressure measurement data, hindering accurate guidance for real-time calculation, analysis, and control decision recommendations in both conventional and precise MPD operations.Therefore, based on on-site engineering logging, real-time data from MPD operations, a branch decision tree was established to automatically determine the operational conditions of MPD. This achieved real-time identification of 11 drilling conditions. Starting from the characteristics of two-phase fluid flow in the annulus, coupling wellbore pressure and formation fluid invasion, a predictive model for annular pressure distribution during MPD was established. This model facilitated the calculation, determination, and recommendation of the pre-control value for wellhead backpressure. Building upon theoretical research, a MPD calculation, analysis, and control decision system was developed. Field testing and validation indicated that the system could simulate and analyze wellbore pressure and wellhead backpressure values, automatically identify drilling conditions and downhole complexities. The average error between the calculated and measured values of the standpipe pressure was 1.88%. The accuracy of the predicted wellhead backpressure values based on safe operating conditions compared to the actual controlled values reached 89.8%. This system achieved real-time calculation, analysis, and control decision-making based on real-time engineering parameters, enhancing the reliability and timeliness of wellhead backpressure control in MPD operations. It effectively guided conventional MPD operations and improved the capabilities and intelligence level of precision MPD operations after process optimization.
Prediction Method for Hydraulic Fracturing Effect of Producing Well Based on Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Gu Nana
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of producing fracturing oil enhancement is a prerequisite for decision-making on the implementation of production enhancement measures in producing wells. The traditional reservoir numerical simulation method requires accurate reservoir geological parameters and fracturing construction parameters, which makes the calculation process complicated and the on-site application effect unsatisfactory. Therefore, a method for predicting fracturing effect of producing well based on machine learning is proposed. A combination of correlation coefficient analysis and gray correlation analysis was used to determine the main controlling factors affecting fracturing effectiveness; Considering the nonlinear mapping relationship between the fracturing effect and the main control factors, a prediction model was established using a support vector machine. The model is applied with an actual block of an oil field as an example, and the evaluation of potential wells is completed with the analysis of economic benefits of fracturing measures. The results show that the model prediction results meet the accuracy requirements for engineering application, and the screened fracturing potential wells have achieved better oil enhancement results after the implementation of measures. The prediction model of oil enhancement effect established by this method is based on the actual production data of producing wells, with reliable prediction results and simple model solution, which has the value of popularization and application in the same type of blocks.
Study on the Oil-Water Separation Performance of Axial-Flow Hydrocyclone Enhanced by Condensate Bubbles
Authors: Wang Ce , Lü Yuling , Li Mofan , He Limin , Li Donghui
Published: November 2024

Produced water is the main by-product of the oilfield extraction process. Due to its high emulsification degree and density close to water, micron oil droplets are inefficiently separated by ordinary cyclone, and it is difficult to meet the standards of external discharge and reinjection after treatment. In this study, micron bubbles were prepared by mixing hydrocarbon components as gas and passed into the cyclone separator to enhance the oil-water separation effect. After the bubbles entered the cyclone, due to the pressure environment inside, the heavier components in the bubbles were found to condense and precipitate from the bubble surface, while the lighter components did not undergo phase change. The heavy hydrocarbons condense and spread out in the bubble and form a condensate film, because the condensate and oil droplets belong to the hydrocarbon homologue is easier to capture the oil droplets. This technology realizes the modification of lipophilic and hydrophobic surface of the bubbles. After the oil removal experiments found that the traditional axial cyclone separator separation of 65%, through the ordinary bubble assisted separation efficiency of 74%, and through the preparation of condensate bubbles to enhance flotation can be raised to 89% of the oil removal efficiency. Therefore, the condensate bubble-enhanced cyclone separator oil-water separation has a good application prospect.
Application of Single Neuron Adaptive PID Algorithm in Natural Gas Automatic Distribution Control System
Authors: Chang Hua , Liu Qite , Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the most important control link of electric regulating valve in automatic distribution control system of natural gas station, this paper proposed to use single neuron adaptive Proportional-Integral-Derivative (SNA-PID) algorithm to make up for the problems of the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm, such as the difficulty of parameter setting and the inability to adapt to system interference. In order to compare the performance of the algorithm, the transfer function between the valve opening of the electric regulating valve on the branch of the gas transmission system of a natural gas station was taken as an example to simulate various practical application scenarios, and the control performance of the two algorithms was studied in detail. Finally, the practical engineering application and the performance verification of the algorithm were carried out in a natural gas distribution station in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that, compared with the PID algorithm, the SNA-PID algorithm can automatically adjust its own algorithm parameters, greatly reduce the number of valve operations during the adjustment process, and control the valve opening more smoothly, adjust the branch pressure more quickly and effectively, and also has a strong anti-interference ability. Therefore, SNA-PID algorithm is more suitable for the automatic distribution control system of natural gas station than the PID algorithm.
Internal Corrosion Control Strategy of Oil Gathering and Transportation Pipeline
Authors: Li Chun-Yu , Feng Xin-Yuan , Li Ben-Juan , Qi Song-Ling , Li Cheng
Published: November 2024

Internal corrosion and perforation of metal pipelines is the main reason for failure of gathering and transportation pipelines in a western oil field. The content of Cl-in the transport medium of the oilfield is between 24910-118051mg/l, the total salinity is between 65404-39363mg/l, the reduced sulfur content is between 6-36mg/l, and the number of SRBS is between 20-300 /ml, which are the main factors leading to corrosion in the pipeline. Through investigation, demonstration and field test, the internal corrosion control technology system of pipeline has been formed, which includes internal extrusion coating, internal penetration, 32MPa high pressure flexible composite pipe, polyethylene lined FRP composite pipe technology. The internal corrosion control strategy has been popularized in oil field, and the effect is good.
Numerical simulation on gas-liquid two phase flow in the U-type pipe
Authors: Hao Chengming , Yao Jing , Xiang Xiaosen , Chen Yalin , Wang Shuli , Rao Yongchao
Published: November 2024

An effective way to improve the formation of gas hydrate is to increase the gas-liquid contact area, which can also improve the gas-liquid heat and mass transfer efficiency. Designed a natural gas hydrate formation flow experimental device, and a set of folding pipes are the gas hydrate formation units. The folding pipe hydrate formation units are composed of many U-type pipes, which are the main carrier of hydrate formation. The gas-liquid flow law in the U-type pipe has the great significance on gas hydrate formation. The gas-liquid two phase flow in a single U-type pipe has been simulated by Fluent, gas distribution rule and flow characteristics in the U-type pipe has been investigated. The range of the entrance gas volume fraction is 0.1～0.6. Calculation results show that there is a certain degree of mixture between gas and liquid in the former straight section. The gas and liquid began to layer in the front of bend, the gas and liquid stratified obviously in the process of bend. The gas and liquid began to mix in the later straight section, but the degree of mixture is lower than the former. The liquid and gas flow phenomenon is different with disparate gas volume fraction. The gas and liquid stratified more obviously in the bend with the higher gas volume fraction. The law that the gas and liquid have a better mixture when gas volume fraction change range is 0.2～0.4 has been found, which is beneficial to hydrate formation.
Research on the Variation Law of C-ring Sealing Performance of the Steam Injection and Soak Period in Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Wang Kongyang , Han Yaotu , Zhang Binqi , Zhang Hui , Xu Tao , Xu Gang , Chen Bin , Liu Wei
Published: November 2024

The heavy oil resources in the Bohai Lvda (LD) Oilfield have the characteristics of high viscosity and poor fluidity, therefore, it is necessary to inject steam for efficient development. According to specific regulations, heavy oil thermal recovery wells must be equipped with a high-temperature resistant Surface Controlled Sub-Surface Safety Valve (SCSSV). However, observations in 2022 revealed several instances of hydraulic leakage in these valves, primarily due to severe deformation of the internal C-rings. To investigate this issue, this study employed the Abaqus software to simulate the stress state of C-rings within SCSSV throughout the entire steam injection and soak period, with a special focus on the sealing performance variation of metal C-rings at various contact interfaces. The findings highlight that the primary causes of diminished sealing performance are localized plastic deformation of the metal C-rings induced by heating and subsequent shrinkage upon cooling. Furthermore, the movement of the piston within the safety valve significantly impacts the stress magnitude at some C-ring part sealing performance. Additional investigations reveal that different installation methods of C-rings lead to varying patterns in sealing performance. Notably, excessive interference between the C-ring and piston should be avoided, as it results in more severe plastic deformation upon cooling, further diminishing the sealing performance of the C-rings post-cooling. The insights gained from this study are of paramount importance for the improvement and design optimization of C-rings in SCSSV used in thermal recovery wells of heavy oil. Offering significant value in enhancing the safety and efficiency of offshore heavy oil Recovery. Moreover, this research provides new theoretical support and practical guidance for related engineering practices and academic inquiries.
Study on Agglomeration and Plugging Behavior of Fine Particles in Reservoir Based on DEM-CFD Coupling
Authors: Chen Yong , Yan Chuanliang , Cheng Yuanfang , Han Zhongying , Li Yang
Published: November 2024

Given the particularity, significance, and complexity of particle migration behavior in fine silt sand hydrate reservoirs, the agglomeration and plugging behavior of free fine particles are mainly studied. Based on the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the DEM-CFD coupled 3D wellbore sand production numerical model is established and verified. The DEM module divides the reservoir particles into coarse and fine components according to the actual particle size distribution, and assigns adhesive and non-adhesive rolling resistance linear models, respectively. The CFD module uses the finite volume method to solve the incompressible Darcy flow in coarse grids. The results show that the DEM-CFD coupled numerical model established can effectively simulate the phenomenon of fine particle agglomeration during particle migration; Compared with the condition without particle agglomeration, fine particle agglomeration can lead to lower wellbore sand production and more severe pore blockage and permeability loss in the surrounding reservoir; The influences of different production and reservoir parameters such as flow rate, porosity and mud content on the variation of wellbore sand production and reservoir permeability under the condition of fine particle agglomeration is further determined, and relevant production measures and suggestions are put forward. The research results help to clarify the sand production mechanism and characteristics of fine silt sand reservoirs and are expected to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient and safe development of natural gas hydrate resources in fine silt sand reservoirs.
Research on Drillpipe Stick-slip Vibration and Its Suppression Mechanism in Deep Well Drilling
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Wenlong , Xie Tao , Liu Hailong , Li Wenbo , Liu Xun
Published: November 2024

During drilling deep wells, stick-slip vibration(SSV) is a reciprocating vibration form of drill bit adhesion, sliding, re-adhesion, and re-sliding. If not suppressed, it can cause serious drilling accidents, such as accelerated wear of drilling equipment, which lead to decreased drilling safety, reduced drilling efficiency, and prolonged drilling cycle. This article establishes a SSV model of the drill string system, considering the three degrees of freedom of the rotary table/top drive, hammer, and drill bit, and analyzes the SSV characteristics of the drill bit during deep well drilling. The SSV analysis of the drill string system was carried out for well XX-X-4, and the sensitivity of rotational speed, viscous damping, drilling pressure, drill bit length, and friction torque coefficient was analyzed. The results showed that the friction torque coefficient and rotational speed are the main factors affecting stick reduction efficiency, while the length of the drill collar is a secondary factor. The WOB and viscous damping have the least impact on stick reduction efficiency. The parameters were optimized to reduce SSV as the target. This article has certain guiding significance for deep well drilling operations.
Research on the Application of BIODRILL-S Synthetic Drilling Fluid in Jinzhou 25-1 Block
Authors: Geng Li-jun , Huang Jin-song , Zhu Yu-lei , He Yang , Hu Guo-jin
Published: November 2024

With the gradual deepening of the development of Bohai Oilfield, JZ25-1 Oilfield is facing a series of engineering problems such as poor wellbore cleaning effect and difficulties in speed and efficiency improvement, with the main field of operations being large displacement wells. Based on the current research progress of synthetic drilling fluid and geological analysis of the block, BIODRILL-S system synthetic drilling fluid has been introduced into some of the 12-1/4 “well sections of the Dongying Formation. In terms of drilling fluid performance, it has good stability, lubricity, and inhibition; In terms of speed increase effect, it has significantly improved the failure of drilling, tripping, and casing operations, demonstrating good applicability; There is room for optimization in the collapse mechanism and compatibility direction with the mudstone in the lower section of East 2, and further strengthening of sealing performance is needed. The application of BIODRILL-S system synthetic drilling fluid in JZ25-1 oilfield has further improved the technical system of extended reach wells, providing extensive reference significance for future speed increase and horizontal displacement extension of extended reach wells.
Optimization of time, effort, and costs for well planning using standardization and automation of the well design process on a cloud-based solution
Authors: Srivastava Aman , Raizada Nishant
Published: November 2024

The current well planning process for operators is capital-intensive that takes time and has a lot of discrete, disconnected steps. Well planners and engineers dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to analyze sub-surface and offset well data for trajectory planning, casing policy selection, casing design, torque & drag, hydraulics, time & cost analysis etc. For development wells and unconventional wells, it is a common scenario for drilling engineers to have a very clear understanding of how the well design shall look like as the oil & gas field is extremely well familiar. As an initial step towards standardization, a review and study of several well design processes were performed by interviewing several engineers, all around the globe. The study revealed that even though every engineer had their own way of working, there was an inherent workflow that could be standardized. This standardized workflow was then outlined with user experience development techniques to cater to the generic steps that well planners, engineers and managers had described. With implementation of this standardized workflow and UI/UX supported process, the next step was to build a cloud native solution which supports micro-services-based engineering calculations in the backend. This allowed to implement speed and scalability in the solution which can cater to various personas in a team.

The next step was to automate the process for a development field. This was achieved by applying checkpoints in the workflow to identify an exploratory well vs. a development well, before calling a microservice. For a development field, the microservice architecture identifies the design aspects of an existing well and incorporates similar well trajectory turn points, casing policy, casing design, BHA, fluids, operational parameters etc. while honoring the surface hole location, targets, and datum reference of the new wells to be planned. This technique helped to not only automate the engineering calculations but also speed up the entire process of designing each well in under a minute.

Apart from engineering calculations, a planning workflow is never complete without team governance, approvals from peers and supervisors, testing various scenarios and creating reports. As these tasks are an inherent part of the planning cycle, they were also incorporated in the workflow. The UX design process techniques ensured that these supplementary tasks were a part of the main workflow and did not interfere with the calculations.

The solution has shown a tremendous increase in the work efficiency of user by reducing the planning efforts from days to minutes. The users can now focus on wells using management by exception as the entire design process can be automated. This also eliminates any unnecessary data entry and avoids errors.
Research and Application of Chemical Water Plugging Technology with High Salt Resistant Gel and Immobile String
Authors: Jia Zhiwei , Xue Xiaoning , Cheng Changkun , Li Fan , Song Rulin , Pu Shijie
Published: November 2024

The salinity of formation water in Gasi N1-N2 reservoir is 18 × 104 mg/L, in which calcium and magnesium ions are 6300 mg/L. The conventional gel used for profile control and water plugging has poor salt resistance and is easy to dehydrate under the erosion of formation water; At the same time, the chemical water plugging of oil wells in the past needs to trip down the downhole string for many times, and the construction period is long. In order to solve the former problem, an anti-high salt organic gel suitable for Gasi N1-N21 reservoir is synthesized. The formula is 0.4 wt% SD-3000 + 0.1-0.2 wt% urotropine + 0.05 wt% resorcinol + 0.4 wt% additive. The viscosity of the gel is more than 6000 mPa.s after gelation, and no obvious dehydration phenomenon is found after aging for five months in the formation water environment of Gasi N1-N21 reservoir at 65 °C. The technology of chemical water plugging without moving the string has been innovatively developed, which does not require the operation of tubing and pump during construction. In Gasi N1-N21 reservoir, anti-high salt gel was used to carry out three well-times of chemical water plugging tests without pulling the string, which were all successful, saving 44% of the cost of measures and shortening 78% of the construction period. After water plugging, water production was obviously inhibited, and the average moisture content was reduced from 95% to 45%. The average daily oil increment of a single well was 1.8 tons, and the cumulative oil increment was 1700 tons. The results show that the chemical water plugging technology without pulling string has broad application prospects in Gasi N1-N21 reservoir in Qinghai Oilfield and similar reservoirs in China.
Émilie Du Châtelet’s Newton
Authors: Hutton Sarah
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the first French translator of Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica, Émilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749). It shows how her reputation suffered because as a woman her intellectual capabilities and her attainment in mathematics were not taken seriously and she was overshadowed by Voltaire, although he was no match for her expertise in mathematics. However, her extensive correspondence shows that in her lifetime she had an active intellectual life and was well-connected with the leading savants of her day. The letters shed light on the development of her interest in Newton – and indeed on the reception of Newton in eighteenth-century France. The paper concludes with an account of her Newton translation and the circumstances of its posthumous publication in 1759.
Thomas Young: The last man who knew everything?
Authors: Robinson Andrew
Published: November 2024

The polymath Thomas Young is best known as a physicist for his double-slit experiment showing the interference of light and hence its wave nature, published in 1807. However, Young had no formal training in physics and was instead a qualified physician. His first scientific research in the 1790s was on the human eye, which led him to his three-colour theory of how the retina responds to light, published in 1802 and finally confirmed experimentally in 1959. In other words, Young’s passion to understand the physiology of vision led to his subsequent fascination with the physics of light—an important example of the value of polymathy. Later his passion for ancient and modern languages—he coined the term ‘Indo-European’ in 1813—led to his fascination with the Egyptian hieroglyphs and his pioneering decipherment of the Rosetta Stone in 1815-1819. This paper samples Young’s amazing range and also considers polymathy’s advantages and disadvantages, then and now.
The British sciences and the Great War: myths and histories
Authors: Edgerton David
Published: November 2024

The history of the relations of science and war in the United Kingdom during the Great War has been the subject of much mythologising by scientists and by historians. Those myths need to be understood, not ignored. Contrary to those myths the UK had a powerful military-scientific complex prior to the Great War, which was greatly expanded during it, not least by the recruitment of physicists to it.
From ancient to modern: Astronomy in medieval Islam
Authors: Casulleras Josep
Published: November 2024

This paper firstly summarises the main reasons for the huge development of astronomy in the medieval Islamic world. Then it explores the intrinsic connections of the discipline with the society of the time through some of its main practical applications which proved useful for both civil and religious needs. Finally, it examines the influence and the main consequences of this scientific development, recalling a common traditional debate on the role of medieval Arabic astronomy in the European Renaissance.
The Sun from Copernicus to Newton: from Heliocentrism to the Solar System
Authors: Wootton David
Published: November 2024

This paper gives a brief account of changing conceptions of the Sun from 1542 (Nicolaus Copernicus) to 1705 (Halley’s Comet). It explores the obstacles to the acceptance of Copernican heliocentrism and the emergence of the novel claims that the Sun is a star and that the Earth is a planet within what was now called the “Solar System”.
A Universe dominated by dark energy?
Authors: Sumner Timothy J.
Published: November 2024

Observations of our Universe have led to a current consensus model which has a number of unexpected and, some would say bizarre characteristics. These include two epochs in time when it exhibits a ‘strange’ behaviour, namely the Big Bang moment of creation itself and the subsequent period of initial inflation. In addition the models now require two unseen and dominant constituents of the Universe to explain its dynamics, which are known as ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’. Having said that, once these four features are included the model is very successful in explaining a vast range of astronomical observations, spanning virtually the whole lifetime of the Universe. This paper focusses on dark energy, starting from an historically much simpler model and then building up to the present day understanding with reference to the key observations which have driven changes in paradigm. Possible suggestions as to the nature of dark energy are considered and finally a section is included concerning how future observations may lead to a better understanding.
Weaving the rainbow: Properties of classical light
Authors: Dennis Mark R.
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the principal themes of classical optics which principally emerged in the seventeenth century. These themes - rays, mechanical effects, waves, colour and polarisation - are woven together especially in the explanation of the rainbow. They are also entwined with optical technology and the physiology of human vision.1
Who am I in the Multiverse? Everettian quantum mechanics and the mental
Authors: Dawid Richard
Published: November 2024

Physics and mentality are most often understood to be paradigmatically separate fields of inquiry. The foundational debate has a long history of attempts, however, to introduce aspects of mentality into physical analysis. In the context of Everettian quantum mechanics considerations of this kind play out in a different way than in collapse theories. This paper reviews some of those thoughts.
A journey through quantum technology
Authors: Pasquazi Alessia
Published: November 2024

Technology aims to utilise physics to invent things that improve our lives. Our current information technology era is the result of quantum mechanics and the concept of wave-particle duality. Many revolutionary technologies, such as the laser, MRI and integrated circuits were developed from this first quantum revolution. This paper provides a brief summary of these key quantum technologies and investigates some of the ongoing research that may spark a second quantum revolution.
Boltzmann, Mach and Wittgenstein’s Vienna
Authors: Staley Richard
Published: November 2024

Focusing particularly on the work of Ernst Mach, this paper explores some of the epistemological ground shared between Ludwig Boltzmann and Mach, and offers an account of links between Mach’s published work in psychophysical investigations of the relations between physical and physiological phenomena and his unpublished lectures in physics, to indicate that Mach’s understanding of the scope of the sciences and philosophy – and his intent to move between inner and outer – was as expansive as Wittgenstein’s, and that both aimed to develop a thoroughly consistent approach.
Scientific thinking across the centuries and the foundations of physics
Authors: Rovelli Carlo
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the sense in which physics can be seen, contrary to what is often stated, as a cumulative body of knowledge on Nature. Science, from this perspective, is the search for increasingly effective ways of organizing our experience, hence giving us the best available grasp on reality. The paper illustrates the continuity of science across the centuries by comparing the physics of motion of Aristotle and Newton.
Chaos: From celestial mechanics to climate
Authors: Budd Chris
Published: November 2024

Chaos is unpredictable behaviour arising in systems governed by deterministic laws. Since its ‘discovery’ in the 1960s by Edward Lorenz in his studies of meteorological systems, chaos has become an important way of understanding seemingly random behaviour in many other areas. These include the double pendulum, the climate, El Niño and electrical oscillators. Understanding chaos allows the limits of the predictability of a system to be determined. However, despite this recent activity this paper will show that the theory of chaos has a rich history and chaotic behaviour was originally identified in the 1890s by Henri Poincaré in his investigations of the three-body problem in celestial mechanics. But remarkably this paper will also show that chaotic behaviour can be found in such a simple problem as multiplication by 10 and it is closely linked to the question (studied by the ancient Greeks) of whether a number is rational or irrational.
The role of unpredictability in the formation and maintenance of complex systems
Authors: Wiesner Karoline
Published: November 2024

The terms ‘complexity’ and ‘chaos’ are often discussed in the literature as two phenomena that are either two sides of the same coin or that cause each other. However, they are quite distinct in a fundamental way. This paper explains why chaos and complexity should not be conflated and discusses the origin of this common misunderstanding.
Chaos, quantum, number
Authors: Berry Michael V.
Published: November 2024

The three words of the title are connected conceptually, sometimes in unexpected ways.
Brief summaries on symmetries in the history of physics–mathematics: James Clerk Maxwell (1865–1873), Emmy Noether (1915–1918) and Albert Einstein (1905–1926)
Authors: Pisano Raffaele
Published: November 2024

The physical phenomenon of symmetries and their physical–mathematical conceptualisation traverse the history of science, particularly in geometry, physics and mathematics. In order to understand and describe the laws of nature (in certain situations, e.g. status, relationships, applicability, fields etc.), scientists, historians and philosophers persistently worked on these subjects, particularly on the significance of gauge symmetry and its correlated mathematical operations (theorems, transformations, conserved quantities, violation, breaking, etc.). One of the main purposes is to understand when and how a violation - a breaking of symmetry - is performed. For the sake of brevity and taking into account the physics–mathematics relationship between Physics and Mathematics in the history of physics/mathematics, this paper concisely discusses the intellectual role played by the Physics and Mathematics relationships in the work by James Clerk Maxwell, Emmy Noether and Albert Einstein.
The greatest physics discovery of the 20th century: How did the expanding Universe make us?
Authors: Mather John C.
Published: November 2024

The expanding Universe is unstable, owing to the energy released in gravitational interactions, leading to the complexity we now observe, from astrophysics to biology and psychology and combat. In just the last century, we discovered relativity, quantum mechanics, the fundamental particles (quarks, leptons and force carriers), the expanding Universe and the density fluctuations in the primordial material, and the astounding complexity of self-organised chaos feeding from energy flows. While we have not detected signs of life elsewhere, we know that about 20% of stars have planets with the right temperature and size to be like Earth. If life is not a miracle but a thermodynamic imperative, then it could be detectable through measurements of exoplanet atmospheres containing oxygen.
Achieve the optimal capacities of renewable energy generating and storage equipment by loading factor indexes of commercial key-customers
Authors: Tseng Y M , Mao Z J , Huang H S , Li G L , Zheng J L
Published: November 2024

According to the typical load characteristics of commercial key-customer, the loading factor index (LFindex) for 24 hours of the day in working day can be obtained. The solar power generation and the commercial key-customer load are estimated on the basis of the local sunshine which the optimal capacity of solar energy and power storage equipment is deduced under various load indicators in accordance with the supply-demand theory. The loading factor index is based on the average load to get the different loading factor indexes under different loads per hour. If the load index is greater than 1 that apply the distributed power generation is more applicable for solar power generation of renewable energy which can restrain the peak power consumption of commercial key-customers. Based on the selected key-customer when the loading factor index is equal to 1, the optimal solar energy setting capacity is 1.0268 PU, the optimal power storage device capacity is 0.3447 PU; the loading factor index is equal to 1.2 which get the optimal solar setting capacity is 0.618 PU and the optimal storage device capacity is 0.0261 PU; the loading factor index is equal to 1.5, both the optimal solar setting capacity is 0.0243 PU and storage device capacity is 0.0005 PU. The conclusion is that the loading factor index increases uniformly which the optimal solar installation capacity also decreases smoothly and the optimal energy storage equipment capacity decreases sharply.
Design and structural analysis of high payload C1 container
Authors: Cheng K J , Lees C H , Peng C C
Published: November 2024

To meet the need of storing the nuclear facility dismantling wastes in Taiwan, National Atomic Research Institute (NARI) plans to develop a new type of low-level radioactive waste container based on the exterior specifications of the existing C1 container but with higher payload. Currently, the design of this container has been finished, and the associated structural analyses specified in the regulations have also been done. In this article, it summarizes what NARI has performed and what NARI plans to do for the development of this container. It includes not only the information of C1 container and its actual applications but also the design specifications and the associated numerical analyses of the container under development. Based on the analysis results, the container under development satisfies the requirements of the low-level radioactive waste storage container and the industrial package type 2. Currently, NARI has entrusted a local vendor to fabricate the prototypes of this container and perform the specified tests in the second half of 2024. The usage permit application of this container will be submitted to the authority agency in the first half of 2025. Hopefully, the usage permit could be granted in 2026.
Micro-injection molding applied to production of optical products-example of lens
Authors: Chiu C H , Lu J R , Su W Y , Chen C C
Published: November 2024

Injection moulding is essential for the mass production of plastic products. This study focuses on the application of micro-injection moulding to produce optical products using self-designed moulds and core structure processing techniques. The chosen material for injection is acrylic PMMA, renowned for its excellent finish, weather resistance, heat resistance, transparency, and gloss. Post-injection, the products were evaluated for their optical properties. The TRIZ analysis provided insights into problem-solving directions and cost reduction strategies. The implementation of a one-mould, four-cavity design enabled mass production, significantly enhancing production efficiency.