bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pardons and Commutations: The Nigerian Experiences (Note 1)
Authors: ILEKA Justin C.
Published: June 2023

The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) distinctly separated the powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria among the three arms of the government. It vested the legislative powers of the Federation in the National assembly (Note 3) the executive powers of the Federation in the President; (Note 4) and the judicial powers of the Federation in the Courts established for the Federation. (Note 5) There are some meeting points, however, in the exercise of these powers. For instance, the executive, in line with the provisions of the Constitution, may intervene in criminal matters during, after, or while awaiting adjudication by the Courts. The exercise of the executive powers of mercy popularly known in Nigeria as “the Prerogative of Mercy” (Note 6) is a typical example of the interface among the separated powers of government. I explored in this paper the challenges, abuses and prospects which arise in the exercise of the Constitutional Prerogative of Mercy in the Nigerian context. Most of my illustrations were drawn from the Presidential exercise of the two main forms of these powers: pardon and commutations. To position Nigeria to make the optimal use of these enormous powers of mercy arrogated to the executive, I made some preliminary recommendations in this paper. They include expanding the scope of the beneficiaries of the executive powers of mercy; as well as making the exercise of the powers transparent, accessible to the masses, and even justiciable.
Analysis of the Use of Interaction Design in the Interface of In-vehicle Multimedia Platform
Authors: Yifei Zhang
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the interface design of in-vehicle multimedia platform, with interaction design as the core, this paper analyzes the important role played by interaction design in the interface design of in-vehicle multimedia platform. By analyzing the definition of interaction design and the characteristics of in-vehicle multimedia platform, this paper proposes how to use interaction design in the interface design of in-vehicle multimedia platform. The advantages of interaction design in user experience, usability and efficiency of in-vehicle multimedia platform are analyzed in detail with examples, and the corresponding solutions are proposed for the problems in the interface design of in-vehicle multimedia platform.
Educational Significance of Open Distance Learning Mode: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: ADEKUNLE Idowu James
Published: June 2023

Open Distance Learning (DLC), as an instruction-delivery method, is one of the frontiers of knowledge of learning strategies targeted to meet the need of the ever-increasing global population for capacity and nation-building. It is an educational system that helps e-learners acquire modern technologies for critical thinking, quality education, and research growth. However, some critics and learners still prefer the conventional mode of learning practice on the assumption that Open Distance Learning mode lacks face-to-face interaction, absence of teachers, fixed location, fixed schedule, and close feedback between online facilitators and e-learners. Therefore, this paper investigates the educational significance of Open Distance Learning mode through the use of modern educational technology tools of WhatsApp classroom interactions used to deploy the teaching of English Language and Literature at Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between online facilitators and e-learners, as open access to knowledge-based information, critical thinking, learning security, interactive mutuality, high innovative skills and research development for capacity and nation-building. Besides, it examines its teaching and learning flexibility and its learning methodological friendliness. Five (5) excerpts are purposively selected from WhatsApp classroom interactions. The article employs Schechner’s performance and Freudian and Jungian Psychoanalytic theories. The data are subjected to content analyses.
Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using Modified Conventional Cefoxitin-based Media as an Alternative Screening
Authors: Amelia Sri , Rozi Muhammad Fakhrur , Balatif Ridwan
Published: June 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause infection with higher morbidity and mortality. In the limited-resource setting, the availability of rapid detection is scarce and may not be available; therefore, prompt detection using the alternative method is indispensable. To compare the detection rate of the modified-conventional method with chromogenic media against mucocutaneous clinical swab, a total of 80 S. aureus isolates from previous studies were cultivated and re-cultured into routine media such as blood agar (BA) and mannitol-salt agar (MSA) between June and September 2018. It directly inoculated from plain blood agar that had been incubated previous day before; it further underwent inoculation to other media, such as chromogenic media (CHROMagar), blood agar and mannitol salt agar that had been supplemented with cefoxitin (CFOX) powder manually. The sensitivity MSA-CFOX and BA-CFOX, respectively, was 96.88%. On the other hand, the sensitivity of CHROMagar and MHA-CFOX was 90.62%. The specificity of each MHA-CFOX, MSA-CFOX, and CHROMagar is 87.5% as well as 93.75% for BA-CFOX. The study has demonstrated better performance of modified-conventional method compared to the other media. Hence, the application of modified-media should not be delayed to facilitate the findings of MRSA among hospitalized patients.
DDoS Attack Prediction System
Authors: Manikandan Dr. R. , Dharshini S. , Pavithra N.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Distributed Denial of Service attack (DDoS) is one of the most dangerous attack in the field of network security. It is an attack which coordinated stream of request is launched against from many locations at a same time. These attacks are increasing day by day and have become more sophisticated. So, it has become difficult to detect these attacks and secure online services. Thus Prediction take place with Random forest algorithm with accuracy of 98%.
Ethical Espionage: Balancing Privacy and Information Gathering
Authors: Bansal Harshit
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Espionage, the covert collection of information, has long been a subject of controversy and debate. Recent technological advancements, particularly in mobile applications, have introduced discreet video recording, raising ethical concerns regarding privacy invasion and potential misuse. This research paper delves into the concept of ethical espionage by examining the implications, challenges, and potential benefits of an Android app designed for discreet video recording. It analyses the ethical considerations associated with such applications and proposes guidelines for responsible use, aiming to strike a balance between individual privacy and legitimate information gathering.
A Novel Approach for Detecting Vehicles Parked in No Parking Zone Using Image Processing
Authors: Kharare Chetna , Kharat Janvi , Khanvilkar Omkar , Kharat Aaditya , Kharat Kunal
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The traffic problem in cities is increasing rapidly. It is associated due to several reasons. The Three Biggest tors causing traffic problems are Distort-ed Urbanization, population growth, and increasing private vehicles. The issue of car parking in urban regions has emerged as a significant concern in both developed and developing nations. The escalating parking costs, heavy traffic flow, and insufficient parking spots are some of the common parking-related problems that people encounter on a daily basis. The only solution to this problem is to search for parking spaces for prolonged periods of time. So, detecting vehicles in no parking area is the solution for this issue. This project works on detecting the number plate using OpenCV. By using image processing, the license number plate is captured and analyzed, and give warning to the driver is to move his/her vehicle to no parking region if they don’t the amount will deduct from his/her account by traffic police. This system is specifically assembled for traffic police.
App for Orphan
Authors: Joshi Kalpesh , Patil Pranav. P. , Patil Pranav. C. , Patil Pranav. P. , Patil Prasad , Patil Prathmesh , Patil Raj
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Our app for orphan is a digital platform designed to provide a useful and user friendly environment to children who lost their parent due to cause. This application will help orphan tackle their problem such as getting proper choice for choosing their parents or knowing them before getting adopted. Overall, our app is here to improve the quality of life of orphan by providing this interactive platform.
Heart Disease Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: Joshi Prof. Kalpesh
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Heart disease is a worldwide health issue that affects a lot of individuals. Scientists are always trying to forecast and prevent it in novel ways. Recently, scientists used artificial intelligence and machine learning to create a brand-new technique for forecasting cardiac illness. To build a predictive model, this technique combines information from medical records, lifestyle data, and genetic markers. The model is employed to determine who is most at risk for heart disease and to offer them specific recommendations on how to lower their risk. The model's precision is remarkable, and it has the power to save many lives.
Voting Application using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ganotra Tushar , Garg Sachin
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Voting plays a crucial role in democratic societies, allowing individuals to voice their opinions and shape the direction of governance. However, traditional voting systems encounter challenges regarding transparency, security, and trustworthiness. In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address these issues and revolutionize the voting process. This research paper presents a novel voting application that leverages blockchain technology to enhance the integrity and efficiency of elections. By utilizing the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain, the proposed system aims to provide a transparent and trustworthy voting process. Each vote is recorded as a transaction on the blockchain, ensuring a transparent and tamper-resistant ledger that can be verified by all participants. The implementation of smart contracts, which are self-executing and self-enforcing digital agreements, automates and streamlines the voting process. This eliminates the need for intermediaries, such as election authorities, and enables verifiable and auditable results. Additionally, the integration of cryptographic techniques further enhances the security and privacy of the voting system, safeguarding the confidentiality of voters' choices. The paper thoroughly examines the advantages and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in the voting domain. It explores the benefits offered by blockchain, including transparency, immutability, and decentralized governance, while also addressing concerns related to scalability, voter identification, and accessibility. Through a comprehensive analysis and evaluation, this research paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of blockchain-based voting systems and their potential impact on democratic processes. By harnessing the power of blockchain technology, it becomes possible to create a voting system that is more secure, transparent, and inclusive, ultimately strengthening the foundations of democracy.
Introduction of Big History Education in Japanese High School
Authors: Kemji Kenji
Published: June 2023

This paper reports on the first big-history course at a Japanese high school. Aletheia Shonan High School is a private, co-educational institute in Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. In April 2016, I introduced Big History in my World History class at Aletheia, and that class marks its eighth year as of 2023.
Antalya Körfezi’nde Yakalanan Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Pisces: Macrouridae) Türünün Otolit Biyometrisi ve Pre-anal Boyu Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: Karakuş Merve , Tıraşın Eyüp Mümtaz
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, küt burun farebalığı Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso, 1810) türünün pre-anal boyu (PAL) ve otolit biyometrisi arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Balık örnekleri, Temmuz 2016 – Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında “R/V Akdeniz Araştırma 1” gemisi ile Antalya Körfezi’nde yapılan aylık trol çekimleri sırasında yakalanmıştır. Değerlendirilen 232’si dişi 152’si erkek toplam 384 bireyde PAL = 18–73 mm ve total ağırlık (W) = 0,6–72 g aralığında dağılım göstermiştir. PAL–W ilişkisi cinsiyetler arasında farklılık göstermeyip bütün balıklar "W = 0,208 × " 〖"PAL" 〗^"2,937" " (" "r" ^"2" "= 0,94)" olarak bulunmuştur. Üstel katsayı “b” için oluşturulan %95 güvenirlik aralığı (2,863–3,011), varsayımsal 3 değerini kapsadığından C. caelorhincus türünün bu habitatta izometrik büyüme gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Otolit boyu (OL), otolit genişliği (OB) ve otolit ağırlığı (OW) sırasıyla; 3,717–11,353 mm, 2,717–6,606 mm ve 0,008–0,0186 g arasında değişmiştir. Sağ ve sol OL, OB ve OW ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıklar eşlenik t-testine göre istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz bulunduğundan, PAL ve otolit biyometrisi arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesinde yalnızca sağ otolitlerin ölçümleri kullanılmıştır. OL–PAL arasındaki doğrusal ilişki, "OL = 1,737 + 0,129 × PAL (" "r" ^"2 " "= 0,88)" ve OB–PAL arasındaki doğrusal ilişki ise O"B = 2,212 + 0,060 × PAL " ("r" ^"2 " "= 0,81" ) olarak bulunmuştur. OW–PAL ve OW–OL arasındaki üstel bağıntılar, "OW = 0,00004 × " 〖"PAL" 〗^"1,899" " (" "r" ^"2" " = 0,87") ve "OW = 0,0004 × " 〖"OL" 〗^"2,428" " (" "r" ^"2" " = 0,93)" olarak belirlenmiştir.
Penggantian Rumput Gajah dengan Pelepah Sawit yang Disuplementasi Probiotik dalam Pakan Terhadap Produksi Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawa
Authors: Kuswanto Alek , Raguati Raguati , Elymaizar Zulfa , Sulaksana Indra
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian rumput gajah dengan pelepah sawit yang disuplementasi probiotik dalam pakan terhadap konsumsi pakan,produksi susu dan efisiensi pakan kambing Peranakan Etawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 15 September 2021 sampai dengan tanggal 03 November 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL) 4 x 4. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu P0 =  60% rumput gajah + 40% konsentrat + 1% probiotik, P1 =  45% rumput gajah + 15% pelepah sawit + 40% konsentrat + 1% probiotik, P2 = 30% rumput gajah + 30% pelepah sawit + 40% konsentrat + 1% probiotik, P3 = 15% rumput gajah + 45% pelepah sawit + 40% konsentrat + 1% probiotik. Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi pakan, produksi susu dan efisiensi pakan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penggantian rumput gajah dengan pelepah sawit yang disuplementasi probiotik berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan (BK), produksi susu dan efisiensi pakan. Dimana rata-rata konsumsi bahan kering (BK) pada penelitian ini adalah 785,91 - 990,09 gram/ekor/hari. Produksi susu dengan rata-rata adalah sebesar 312,93 - 354,18 ml/ekor/hari, sedangkan efisiensi pakan dengan rata–rata antara 37,49 – 40,77 %. Kesimpulkan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggantian rumput gajah dengan pelepah sawit sampai 45% yang disuplementasi probiotik dalam pakan hijauan tidak dapat meninggkatkan produksi susu kambing PE.
Bobot Organ Pencernaan Broiler yang Diberi Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Black Garlic
Authors: Kuswandi Wawan , Berliana Berliana , Nelwida Nelwida , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Black garlic Terhadap Bobot Organ Pencernaan Broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor DOC Broiler, Black garlic dan Tepung Kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri P0 = 100% Ransum komersil (Kontrol), P1 = 3% Black Garlic, P2 = P1 + 0,5% Tepung Kunyit, P3 = P1 + 1% Tepung Kunyit, P4 = P1 + 1,5% Tepung Kunyit. Peubah yang diamati didalam penelitian ini yaitu konsumsi ransum, bobot potong dan bobot hati relatif, pankreas relatif serta volume empedu. Data diolah menggunakan analisis ragam dan pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit dalam ransum yang mengandung Black garlic berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum namun berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap, bobot potong, bobot hati relatif, pancreas relatif dan volume empedu. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit sampai taraf 1,5% dalam ransum yang mengandung 3% Black garlic tidak mengganggu bobot organ pencernaan broiler.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kalsium dan Fosfor dengan Sistem Pemberian Pakan Bebas Pilih pada Fase Grower Terhadap Performa Ayam Arab Betina
Authors: Br Barus Eka Lestari , Sayfwan Sayfwan , Budiansyah Agus
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ayam Arab dengan pemberian kalsium dan fosfor melalui sistem bebas pilih pada sistem semi umbar dibawah kondisi tropik. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan ada 4 dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Setiap unit kandang terdiri dari 18 ekor. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah sebagai berikut: P1: Pakan kontrol. P2: Pakan tinggi kalsium rendah fosfor (TKRF) dan pakan rendah kalsium tinggi fosfor (RKTF). P3: Pakan tinggi kalsium tinggi fosfor (TKTF), pakan tinggi kalsium rendah fosfor (TKRF), pakan rendah kalsium tinggi fosfor (RKTF). P4: Pakan kontrol, pakan tinggi kalsium tinggi fosfor (TKTF), pakan tinggi kalsium rendah fosfor (TKRF), dan pakan rendah kalsium tinggi fosfor (RKTF). Parameter yang diukur yaitu konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), konversi ransum. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam ( ANOVA) dan jika berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kalsium dan fosfor yang berbeda kualitas dengan metode pemberian pakan bebas memilih pada ternak ayam Arab silver betina fase grower tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum
Network-based Identification of Key Proteins and Repositioning of Drugs for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Adeyemo Oluwatosin , Ashimiyu-Abdusalam Zainab , Adewunmi Mary , Ayano Temitope , Sohaib Muhammad , Abdel-Salam Reem
Published: June 2023

NSCLC is a highly prevalent cancer and accounts for 85% of cases of
lung cancer. Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and
radiation, frequently exhibit limited efficacy and notable adverse
reactions. Therefore, a drug repurposing method is proposed for
effective NSCLC treatment. This study aims to evaluate candidate drugs
that are effective for NSCLC at the clinical level using systems biology
and network analysis approach. Differentially expressed genes of
transcriptomics data were identified using the systems biology and
network analysis approach. A network of gene co-expression was developed
with the aim of detecting two modules of gene co-expression.
Subsequently, the Drug-Gene interaction database was employed to
pinpoint potential pharmaceutical agents that target crucial genes
within two gene co-expression modules associated with non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC). The construction of a drug-gene interaction network
was facilitated with the utilisation of Cytoscape. Finally, the gene set
enrichment analysis was done to validate candidate drugs. Unlike
previous research on repositioning drugs for NSCLC, which uses a gene
co-expression network, this project is the first to research both gene
co-expression and co-occurrence networks. And the co-occurrence network
also accounts for differentially expressed genes in cancer cells and
their adjacent normal cells. Drugs exhibiting elevated gene regulation
and gene affinity within the drug-gene interaction network are deemed
noteworthy for the efficacious management of non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). According to this discourse, NSCLC genes exert a high degree of
regulation over medications such as vincristine, fluorouracil,
methotrexate, clotrimazole, etoposide, tamoxifen, sorafenib,
doxorubicin, and pazopanib. Hence, there is a possibility of repurposing
these drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Key words:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), drug repurposing, network analysis,
drug-gene interaction, therapeutics
Study on left atrial function in patients with essential hypertension based on four-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: HONG JUNRONG , Zhang Pingyang , Fei Mengyao , Wang Lingling
Published: June 2023

Objective: Patient with essential Hypertension to be evaluated
using four-dimensionalautomatic left atrial quantification (4DLAQ).
Output test and estimate occurrence of essential hypertension (EH).
Methods: Select 80 EH patients. EH group and 36 healthy
patients as control group. Left atrial diameter (LAD), interventricular
septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD),
left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), early E wave velocity
of mitral valve diastole / mitral valve ring Myocardial displacement
velocity (E/e’), biplanar left ventricular ejection fraction (Biplan
LVEF), left atrial minimum volume (LAVmin), lateral left atrial maximum
volume (LAVmax), left atrial pre-presistole volume (LAVpreA), left
atrial ejection fraction obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (
LAEF), left atrial passive ejection fraction (LAPEF), left atrial active
ejection fraction (LAAEF), left atrial reservoir longitudinal strain
(LASr), left atrial catheter longitudinal strain (LAScd), Left Atrial
Systolic Longitudinal Strain (LASct), Left Atrial Reservoir Circular
Strain (LASr_c), Left Atrial Catheter Circular Strain (LAScd_c), Left
Atrial Systolic Circular Strain (LASct_c) from 4DLAQ. Binary Logistic
regression was used to analyze the effect of 4DLAQ strain parameters on
EH. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to
analyze the predictive value of the 4DLAQ strain parameters of the EH.
Results: 1. Blood pressure of Systolic (SBP) and blood pressure
of diastolic (DBP) in the EH group were higher than in the control group
( p=0.000, 0.000, respectively). 2.LAD, IVST, LVDD, LVPWT, E/e’,
LAVmin, LAVmax, LAVpreA increased in EH group (
p=0.000,0.000,0.072,0.000.0.000, 0.001, 0.052, 0.004), while
biplaneLVEF,LAEF,LAPEF,LAAEF,LASr,LAScd,LASct,LASr_c,LAScd_c,LASct_c
decreased (
p=0.090,0.000,0.009,0.064,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.689,respectively).3.Bland-Altman’s
film illustrates the relationship between relationship and audience
consent.4. LASr and LAScd are independent risk factors for EH. Under
curve ROC areaAUC (AUC= 0.925, 95% CI[0.879-0.971], sensitivity
80.00%, specificity 94.44%), and the cut-off value for estimating the
EH of LASr is 20%. Area under the ROC curve AUC (AUC=0.878, 95% CI
[0.818-0.939], sensitivity 76.25%, specificity 86.11%, and the
critical value for estimating the EH of LAScd was -11%.
Conclusion: The increase in diameter in left atrial EH patients
is earlier than the deterioration in left ventricular systolic function.
4DLAQ can analyze left atrial myocardial function by left atrial volume
index, longitudinal strain, and circumferential strain and detect left
atrial changes in EH patients. LASr and LAScd had a better estimate of
EH among which LASr had the best effect. It now makes up for the lack of
research on the left atrium and has important clinical applications.
Preview controller design regarding constrained discrete time-varying system
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yaofeng , Ye Hui
Published: June 2023

In present work, we investigated preview saturated control (PSC)
regarding constrained discrete-time delayed systems (CD-TDS). First,
using an input-output approach, discrete time-varying delay system was
eliminated formally. Discrete-time system with constant time delay was
gained. Then, an augmented error system (AES) was constructed through an
auxiliary signal related to state variables, which changed the problem
of PSC transform into a problem of robust stability for the
interconnected subsystem. Afterwards, using linear matrix inequality
(LMI) as well as Lyapunov function, sufficient robust stability
conditions regarding closed-loop system and design of PSC laws were
given. Finally, numerical simulations were performed, and they
demonstrated our result validity that presented.
Network and parasitological analyses reveal latitudinal gradient in bats-ectoparasitic flies interactions across the Neotropic
Authors: Biz Luana da Silva , Bastazini Vinicius , Carvalho Fernando , Pereira Maria Ramos
Published: June 2023

Ecological interactions between parasites and their hosts play a
fundamental role in evolutionary processes. Selection pressures are
exerted on parasites and their hosts, usually resulting in high levels
of specificity. Such is the case of ectoparasitic bat-flies, but how
large-scale spatial gradients affect the dynamics of their interactions
with their bat hosts is still unknown. In the present study, we
investigated interaction patterns between bats and their ectoparasitic
flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae), both presenting their peak of
diversity in the Neotropical region, along a latitudinal gradient. Using
network analyses and parasitic indices, grounded on the latitudinal
diversity gradient theory, we evaluated how spatial gradients affect
species interactions and parasitic indices at the macroscale level,
predicting that interaction networks should become richer in species,
leading to increases in network modularity, size, and specialization,
and to a decrease in nestedness and connectance. We conducted a
literature review, focusing on studies done in the Neotropical region,
and data of our own authorship. We obtained a richness of 97 species of
bats parasitized by 128 species of ectoparasitic flies, distributed into
57 interaction networks between latitudes 29ºS and 19ºN in the
Neotropic. Network metrics and parasitic indices varied along the
latitudinal gradient, with changes in richness of bats and their
ectoparasitic flies and in the structure of their interactions; network
specialization, modularity and connectance increase with latitude, while
network size decreases with latitude. Regions closer to the equator had
higher parasite loads. Our results show that interaction networks
metrics present a latitudinal gradient and that such interactions, when
observed at a local scale, hide variations that only become perceptible
at larger scales. In this way, ectoparasites such as bat flies are not
only influenced by the ecology and biology of their hosts, but by other
environmental factors acting directly on their distribution and
survival.
Antigone or The Right to Kill A social dissonance case study deriving from the house of Œdipus
Authors: Papachristou Dana
Published: June 2023

This paper delves into the intricate relation between the terms
social dissonance, necropolitics, and Sophocles’ tragedy,
Antigone. By attempting an interdisciplinary analysis and by bringing
together elements of contemporary art, political theory, and classical
literature, I will explore the complex dynamics between social
dissonance, necropolitics, and the quest for human dignity. While
examining Antigone’s defiance in the face of oppressive power, we are
reminded of the enduring importance of dissent and the indomitable
spirit of individuals striving for justice and autonomy in the face of
oppressive systems. Drawing parallels between the socio-political
context in which Sophocles wrote Antigone and contemporary
manifestations of necropolitics, this paper illuminates the enduring
relevance of the play. Moreover, it emphasizes the contemporary
significance of social dissonance, as proposed by Mattin (2022), in
understanding power struggles and forms of resistance. The collision of
these concepts and ideas occurs in their shared focus on power dynamics
and the resistance against oppressive systems: they explore the ways in
which power operates, so as to control and manipulate individuals and
communities, creating conditions of discord and subjugation. They
emphasize the potential for resistance, challenging dominant narratives
and asserting the agency and dignity of marginalized voices. When
examining the intersection of necropolitics and social dissonance, one
can analyse how the exercise of necropolitical power leads to social
dissonance by silencing dissent, suppressing alternative narratives, and
perpetuating oppressive structures. The clash between the dominant
necropolitical regime and the underlying social dissonance exposes the
tension and contradictions within society, laying the foundation for
resistance movements and the pursuit of justice and autonomy.
The effects of ectomycorrhiza on Aleppo pine seedlings' ability to endure drought and inter-plant competition
Authors: Herol Lior , Avidar Mor , Yirmiahu Shahar , Zach Yair Yehoshua , Klein Tamir , Shemesh Hagai , Livne-Luzon Stav
Published: June 2023

Seedling establishment under natural conditions is often limited by
numerous interacting factors. We tested the combined effects of drought,
herbaceous competition, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) on the growth
and shape of Aleppo pine seedlings and their associated EMF community.
EMF inoculum significantly increased seedlings’ height, biomass, and the
number of side branches. However, under either competition or drought,
the effect of EMF on seedling biomass and height was greatly reduced,
while the effect on shoot branching was maintained. All plants were
strongly dominated by Geopora, a fungal genus known to inoculate
seedlings in dry habitats. Under a combination of drought and
competition, EMF had no influence on plant growth and shape. This
discrepancy highlights the complexity of the benefits provided to
seedlings by EMF under ecologically relevant conditions.
Flexibility in coral-algal symbiosis is positively correlated with host geographic range
Authors: Zarate Daniel , Gary Jaclyn , Li Jingchun
Published: June 2023

Generalists are thought to adapt to a broader breadth of ecological
conditions compared to less flexible specialists who exhibit higher
local fitness. However, few studies have systematically tested what
ecological or life-history traits are associated with organisms’
ecological flexibility, particularly in mutualistic symbioses. Here, we
used stony corals to test the relative effects of host traits and
ecological factors on corals’ flexibility to form photosymbioses with
algae. We used a meta-analysis of 211 stony coral species to test
whether a coral’s geographic distribution, depth range, reproductive
mode, colony morphology, or any combination of these factors predict
coral-algal flexibility. We reported a novel positive correlation
between coral-algal flexibility and coral species’ geographic range,
while depth range, reproduction, and coral morphology did not show
significant effects. We discussed how host-symbiont dispersal abilities,
interactions, and evolutionary history could contribute to the observed
patterns and how this finding could inform conservation efforts.
Comparison of three different international fetal growth restriction definitions in Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Huijing , guo yongbing , Shang Meixia , Zhang Weiwei , Feng Chunli , Zhao Hongyan , sun yu , Yang Huixia
Published: June 2023

Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined
differently by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG),
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), and the International
Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG).
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the
predictive effect of three different diagnostic criteria of FGR on
small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and adverse neonatal outcome (ANO), so
as to find a better FGR-definition for Chinese population. Study
Design The clinical data of singleton pregnancy who received regular
pregnancy care and gave birth at the Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2021, to
June 30, 2021 were collected. FGR cases were determined according to
three different diagnostic criteria by ACOG, SMFM, or ISUOG. The primary
outcome was the prediction of SGA and a composite ANO. SGA was defined
as neonatal birth weight less than 10 percentile.
An ANO included one of these adverse outcomes: neonatal umbilical
arterial blood pH < 7.1, 5-minute Apgar score<7,
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intraventricular hemorrhage,
and neonatal convulsion, and transfer to the neonatal intensive care
unit (NICU). The specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value
(NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of the different diagnostic
criteria for SGA and ANO were compared. The discriminatory capacities of
the three FGR-definitions were compared using the area under
receiver-operating-characteristics curves (AUC). Results A
total of 2340 cases were included in this study, and 115 (4.9%), 63
(2.7%), and 48 (2.1%) cases of FGR were diagnosed using the diagnostic
criteria issued by the SMFM, ACOG, and ISUOG respectively. There were
147 (6.28%) cases of SGA neonates. The SMFM criteria had higher
sensitivity (40.82% vs 24.49%, 20.41%) for SGA compared to the ACOG
and ISUOG criteria. On the contrary, the ISUOG criteria had a higher
specificity (99.18% vs 97.49%, 98.77%) than the SMFM and ACOG
criteria for predicting SGA. A total of 127 (5.43%) cases were
complicated with ANO. All three definitions had low sensitivity for ANO
(17.32%, 12.6%, 11.81%) and high specificity of 95.8%, 97.88% and
98.51%. The AUCs of SMFM for predicting SGA (0.692) and ANO (0.566)
were slightly higher than those of ACOG (0.616, 0.552) and ISUOG (0.598,
0.552). Conclusion The predictive value of the SMFM and ISUOG
definition for SGA and ANO was better than that of the ACOG criteria. In
Chinese population, the discriminatory capacities of SMFM FGR definition
were superior compared to the other two definitions.
Red Cell Transfusions in Children with Thalassemia; Outcomes of a10mL/kg/hr Infusion Rate
Authors: FritchLilla Stephanie , Goldstein Amy , Hart Nicole , Hooke Casey
Published: June 2023

Children with transfusion dependent thalassemia have an impaired ability
to synthesize alpha or beta globin which results in anemia. Packed red
blood cell (PRBC) transfusions are required to increase hemoglobin which
supports appropriate growth and development. PRBC transfusions must be
completed with 4 hours however infusion rates vary across institutions.
Our institution infuses PRBC’s up to 10mL/kg/hr. A descriptive study of
21 children who received a total of 276 transfusions during 2021
demonstrated that this rate is safe and well tolerated. Shorter
transfusion times support patients’ and families’ time, resources, and
quality of life and aptly utilize institutional resources.
How will global carbon cycle respond to negative emissions?
Authors: Kug Jong-Seong , Park So-Won , Noh Kyung Min , An Soon-Il , Kam Jonghun , Kwon Eun Young , Min Seung-Ki , Park Rokjin J. , Son Seok-Woo , Yeh Sang-Wook
Published: June 2023

In most emissions scenarios consistent with the temperature targets of
the Paris Agreement, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) would be required to
achieve net negative emissions. The efficiency of CDR depends on the
behavior of the natural carbon reservoirs, land and ocean, that regulate
atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but their change in response to negative
emissions is highly uncertain. Here, we investigate the response of the
terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycle to negative emissions based on an
idealized emission-driven simulation using a state-of-the-art Earth
system model. The terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks become carbon
sources ~30 years after the onset of negative emissions.
Thereafter, although the atmospheric CO2 concentration returns to its
initial level, the terrestrial ecosystem and the ocean continue to
release carbon. The ocean recovers as a carbon sink within a few
decades, while the terrestrial ecosystem remains a carbon source until
the end of the simulation. The prolonged carbon emissions from the land
are due to the delayed response of respiration to the earlier increase
in terrestrial carbon uptake. As a result, the total carbon stock on
land gradually decreases but still remains higher than its initial
state. The ocean carbon inventory shows an irreversible change within a
few centuries due to the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the deep
ocean, which would take more than centuries to be removed naturally.
Building a regional hydrogeological model in a data-scarce area and implications for local scale studies: Case of the Tim Mersoï Basin (Northwestern Niger)
Authors: Dobi Farida Boubé , Boubacar Abdou Boko , Kouakou Eugène Koffi , Alfidja Tadewal Almoustapha , Kafando Moussa Bruno , Nazoumou Yahaya , Bambara Apolline , Konaté Moussa , Maina Fadji Zaouna
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the feasibility of implementing a 3D
hydrogeological model in a vast data-scarce area in northwestern Niger
where groundwater resources are strongly impacted by climate changes and
anthropogenic activities (uranium mining) in northwestern Niger, West
Africa. A large scale fully integrated hydrological model was built and
calibrated using HydroGeoSphere. The model conceptualization and
parametrization were done using various sources of datasets. The model
was calibrated using a stepwise approach by increasing the temporal
resolution of the model inputs: steady state, dynamic equilibrium, and
transient state. The calibration results showed that the model could
reproduce the measured groundwater heads with a correlation coefficient
of up to 0.79. The model was then validated by comparing total water
storage computed from GRACE data over the TMB and the outputs of the
model. The results showed the model reproduced quite well the amplitudes
and direction of the variations measured by GRACE. Therefore, GRACE data
were useful in the qualitative validation of the model. The outputs of
the model allowed a quantitative analysis of the groundwater resources
of the Tim Mersoï Basin (TMB). The global recharge was estimated at
15.74 mm/year, i.e., an interannual average of 13.58% of the rainfall.
Most importantly, this model can be used in a hierarchical model set up
to provide initial and boundary conditions for local scales (mining
areas for example) studies.
Volumetric changes of mud on Mars: evidence from laboratory simulations
Authors: Brož Petr , Krýza Ondřej , Patocka Vojtech , Pěnkavová Věra , Conway Susan J , Mazzini Adriano , Hauber Ernst , Sylvest Matthew E. , Patel Manish R
Published: June 2023

Subtle mounds have been discovered in the source areas of martian
kilometer-sized flows and on top of summit areas of domes. These
features have been suggested to be related to subsurface sediment
mobilization, opening questions regarding their formation mechanisms.
Previous studies hypothesized that they mark the position of feeder
vents through which mud was brought to the surface. Two theories have
been proposed: a) ascent of more viscous mud during the late stage of
eruption and b) expansion of mud within the conduit due to the
instability of water under martian conditions. Here we present
experiments performed inside a low-pressure chamber, designed to
investigate whether the volume of mud changes when exposed to a reduced
atmospheric pressure. Depending on the mud viscosity, we observe
volumetric increase of up to 30% at the martian average pressure of
~6 mbar. This is because the low pressure causes
instability of the water within the mud, leading to the formation of
bubbles that increase the volume of the mixture. This mechanism bears
resemblance to the volumetric changes associated with the degassing of
terrestrial lavas or mud volcano eruptions caused by a rapid pressure
drop. We conclude that the mounds associated with putative martian
sedimentary volcanoes might indeed be explained by volumetric changes of
the mud. We also show that mud flows on Mars and elsewhere in the Solar
System could behave differently to those found on Earth, because mud
dynamics are affected by the formation of bubbles in response to the low
atmospheric pressure.
Divergent Features of the Tropopause Aerosol Layer: Effects of Monsoon Dynamics and Pollution Emissions in Asia, South America, and Africa
Authors: Wu Dongyou , Yan Shirui , Zhang Jinxia , Chen Yang , Xing Yuxuan , Liu Jun , Wang Xin , Pu Wei
Published: June 2023

The tropopause aerosol layer (TAL) represents the increase of aerosols
in tropopause. It was first discovered over Asia but was found in this
study to also occur over South America and Africa owing to the combined
effects of monsoon dynamics and pollutant emissions. Over Asia, the TAL
has the highest altitude and widest spread due to strong deep convection
and the upper troposphere anticyclonic system there. TAL intensity is
highest in South America due to heavy pollutant emissions. Anthropogenic
pollution from India and western China produces two Asian TAL centers,
whereas widespread wildfires result in single centers over South America
and Africa. TAL radiative forcing induced by carbonaceous aerosols at
the top of the atmosphere has warming effects over Asia (+0.21 W m−2),
whereas cooling effects occur over South America (−0.47 W m−2) and
Africa (−0.12 W m−2) owing to the divergent strengths of black-carbon
absorption and organic-carbon scattering.
Controls on Polar Southern Ocean Deep Chlorophyll Maxima: Viewpoints from Multiple Observational Platforms
Authors: Boyd Philip W , Antoine David , Baldry Kimberlee , Cornec Marin , Ellwood Michael J , Halfter Svenja , Lacour Léo , Latour Pauline Marie Aurelie , Strzepek Robert Francis , Trull Thomas W. , Rohr Tyler Weaver
Published: June 2023

Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCMs) are ubiquitous in low-latitude oceans,
and of recognized biogeochemical and ecological importance. DCMs have
been observed in the Southern Ocean, initially from ships and recently
from profiling robotic floats, but with less understanding of their
onset, duration, underlying drivers, or whether they are associated with
enhanced biomass features. We report the characteristics of a DCM and
DBM (Deep Biomass Maximum) in the Inter-Polar-Frontal-Zone (IPFZ) south
of Australia from CTD profiles, shipboard-incubated samples, a towbody,
and a BGC-ARGO float. The DCM and DBM were ~20 m thick
and co-located with the nutricline, in the vicinity of a subsurface
ammonium maximum characteristic of the IPFZ, but ~100 m
shallower than the ferricline. Towbody transects demonstrated that the
co-located DCM/DBM was broadly present across the IPFZ. Large healthy
diatoms, with low iron requirements, resided within the DCM/DBM, and
fixed up to 20 mmol C m-2 d-1. The BGC-ARGO float revealed the DCM/DBM
persisted for >3 months. We propose a dual environmental
mechanism to drive DCM/DBM formation and persistence within the IPFZ:
sustained supply of both recycled iron within the subsurface ammonium
maxima and upward silicate transport from depth. DCM/DBM cell-specific
growth rates were considerably slower than those in the overlying mixed
layer, implying that phytoplankton losses are also reduced, possibly as
a result of heavily silicified diatom frustules. The light-limited
seasonal termination of the observed DCM/DBM did not result in a ‘diatom
dump’, rather ongoing diatom downward export occurred throughout its
multi-month persistence.
The utilization of CAMEL framework in analyzing the financial soundness of commercial banks in Malaysia: Pre and in the time of Covid 19
Authors: Nizar Nurhuda , Zainudin Ahmad Danial , Saddam Siti Zaitun , Abdul Aziz Muhammad Ridzuan
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many aspects of the economy, including commercial banking. This research aims to analyze the health of Malaysia's commercial banks before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To accomplish this, the authors employed the CAMEL framework, widely recognized as one of the best tools for evaluating a bank's health. The study aims to comprehend the pandemic's impact on the financial health of banks during the pandemic. Secondary data was gathered from the financial statements of eight local commercial banks from 2017 to 2021. Results from this study suggest that the performance of commercial banks in Malaysia was generally stable and well-capitalized, with low non-performing loans and strong profitability before and during COVID-19. This study offers a new understanding of the effect of the pandemic on banking operations in Malaysia, a country whose financial system depends mainly on banks.
Determinants of Financial Inclusion in OIC Countries
Authors: Zainorin Nur Diniey Ezzati , Jalaludin Syuhada , Abdul Aziz Nor Farradila , Balasingam Balachandran
Published: June 2023

The OIC countries have endorsed financial inclusion as part of their initiatives to uphold the interests of the Muslim world. However, they experience the greatest levels of financial system exclusion, as they are found to have a lower percentage of access to formal bank accounts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the determinants of financial inclusion in OIC nations. Macroeconomic factors (GDP and the money supply) and bank variables (non-performing loans and the number of internet users) covering the year 2011 to 2020 from 40 OIC nations are included in this paper. Using panel data, the results indicate that both bank variables are positively significant in determining financial inclusion for OIC countries. No significant relationship is found between studied macroeconomic factors and financial inclusion.
A Conceptual Paper on the Relationship between GHRM and Pro-Environmental Behavior via Employee Empowerment
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nurul Fazlin , Mansor Zuraina Dato’
Published: June 2023

This conceptual study is based on literature reviews related to green human resource management (GHRM), employee empowerment, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) at the workplace. Business activities in small and medium enterprises or corporations, including agriculture, will impact the ecosphere. The impact suggests the importance for organizations to focus their concerns on PEBs to reduce the negative environmental impact of their ignorance of green practices. Organizations may use GHRM to efficiently provide and execute environmentally friendly policies since it can track and impact employee environmental behavior. The present study aimed to investigate for future research whether employee empowerment mediates the relationship between the GHRM and PEB at the workplace from the perspective of the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) Theory, specifically among agricultural companies in Malaysia. The study continued to explore the concepts, issues, and objectives through several works of literature in numerous areas. This conceptual paper signifies supplementing works of literature as a future reference for academics. The outcome of this study can offer information to agricultural companies on the ways to leverage GHRM and employee empowerment to promote PEB in the workplace.