bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anemia Relacionada a la Malnutricin en el Embarazo: Ataque Preferencial a Sociedades Pobres, Subdesadorralladas y Marginalizadas
Authors: Ruiz Tolentino Lluvia , Espinosa-Luna Rosa , Barajas-Espinosa Alma
Published: July 2023

La desnutrición es considerada un problema común en las comunidades rurales. Este problema de salud ejerce efectos de larga duración en mujeres embarazadas, así como en sus hijos. La deficiencia de hierro en el embarazo puede afectar tanto la salud de la madre, como la del niño, y necesita ser diagnosticado a tiempo. Por otra parte, las infecciones como malaria, tuberculosis y enfermedades parasitarias, aumentan el riesgo de la anemia. Este riesgo aumenta cuando las madres llevan una dieta irregular, únicamente incluyendo verduras de hojas verdes y excluyendo otros productos ricos en hierro. Así también, existe una predisposición para desarrollar enfermedades e incluso llegar a perder sus hijos debido a la mortalidad en la infancia como resultado de una alimentación inadecuada. Las deficiencias de los principales micronutrientes como vitamina A, B12 y riboflavina, causan múltiples complicaciones.  Las consultas prenatales se recomiendan para para conocer sobre el embarazo y así detectar algún problema de salud que pueda estar relacionado con la desnutrición. Cabe destacar que, la suplementación de hierro es recomendable en el embarazo, así como, los chequeos regulares con el médico. Las adolescentes embarazadas son el grupo de alto riesgo de desarrollar anemia, debido a su educación limitada, su baja estabilidad económica, y (en la mayoría de los casos) tienen una inadecuada planeación del embarazo. Para detectar la anemia, el personal médico generalmente realiza estudios de laboratorio, para analizar los niveles de hemoglobina. Desafortunadamente, en las comunidades marginadas, la desnutrición y anemia no son detectados y tratados, esto afecta negativamente la calidad de vida de la madre y del hijo, conllevando a graves complicaciones.
Sustancias puras y sus propiedades
Authors: Rico-Ojeda Gustavo , Ramos-Acevedo Jorge N. , González-Sánchez Emily , Reyes- Larios Héctor I.
Published: July 2023

Una sustancia pura es aquella que tiene una composición química fija, la cual está formada por un solo elemento o también por un compuesto químico. La mezcla de varios de estos puede ser una sustancia pura siempre y cuando sea una mezcla homogénea. El realizar la investigación nos hace conocer sobre las sustancias puras las cuales nos ayuda a comprender el comportamiento sus estados de agregación y sus fases de las mismas sustancias puras. Con el presente trabajo se pretende que se adquieran los conocimientos necesarios para entender el concepto de sustancias puras y cada una de sus propiedades que presenta.
Modelos ARIMA para el análisis sistematizado de criptomonedas
Authors: Vital-Godinez Guillermo , Quiterio-Romero Jorge , Miranda-Romagnoli Pedro Amado , Soto-Campos Carlos Arturo
Published: July 2023

Se realiza un análisis ARIMA de las series de tiempo correspondientes al rendimiento de Bitcoin. Para ello se utiliza el software R. Se hace un estudio comparativo de diferentes modelos ARIMA para modelar el comportamiento del rendimiento de Bitcoin en el periodo comprendido del día 1 de enero de 2020 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Finalmente, se efectúa un análisis de bondad de ajuste para comprobar cuál de los modelos reproduce mejor los datos reportados.
Reacciones de Grignard: más de cien años de relevancia
Authors: Duarte-León Nayla G. , Alvarado-Rodríguez José G. , García-González J. Viridiana , Andrade-López Noemí
Published: July 2023

Los reactivos de Grignard han sido los compuestos organometálicos más utilizados de los últimos cien años. Al final del siglo XIX, en la Universidad de Lyon, Antoine Barbier modificó el método Wagner-Saytzeff mediante el intercambio de Zn por Mg en la síntesis de alcoholes en un solo paso, a partir de halogenuros orgánicos y compuestos carbonílicos. Posteriormente, su estudiante doctoral Victor Grignard estudió esa modificación de una forma más detallada. Él identificó la especie reactiva como RMgX, y concluyó que podría mejorar los rendimientos de sus reacciones al preparar primero a esta especie para posteriormente adicionarla al compuesto carbonílico. La síntesis de los reactivos de Grignard está fuertemente influenciada por factores diversos como los disolventes usados, la forma de activar al magnesio o la naturaleza del halogenuro orgánico empleado. Estos compuestos organomagnésicos tienen gran importancia en la química sintética debido a que se comportan como nucleófilos capaces de formar enlaces carbono-carbono o carbono-heteroátomo.
Como escribir un buen papel científico
Authors: Hernandez Granados Lucia
Published: July 2023

Porque es importante contar con las herramientas necesarias para poder redactar documentos científicos, donde la información se pueda expresar en detalle y esta información sea interpretada ante la sociedad sin importar su ecolaridad.Es importante identificar las herramientas y técnicas que se utilizan para diseñar estrategias que te permitirán identificar tus áreas de oportunidad y, sobre todo, el conocimiento de un texto científico.
Determinants of competitiveness and productivity of Mexican SMEs and their relationship with vertical integration
Authors: Hernández Gracia Tirso Javier , Duana Avila Danae , Escorza-Sánchez Yolanda Marysol
Published: July 2023

The development of a company is conditioned by its ability to be competitive and productive, however, today there are aspects of utmost importance that have become key factors to achieve this, such as technology, innovation of organizational processes, the ability to market their products and enter new markets, as well as offering a higher quality of them. The strategies to achieve this are vertical integration, distribution channels, sales, age and size of the company, which become part of globalization and its implications in the competitive market, generating a higher growth and productivity level. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that determine the competitiveness of the textile and apparel industry of Mexican companies. This process was carried out by means of the Bivariate statistical method, and a significant correlation was found with the characteristics of the company, marketing channels, percentage of sales and its relationship with vertical integration.
Dental Stem Cells: classification and applications
Authors: Alvarez Sanchez Marisol
Published: July 2023

In the last decades, the term stem cells has been one of the main topics to be discussed due to its scientific and medical importance, since its implementation in the field of medicine offers us very promising alternatives in the treatment and above all solution of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease, cancer, in treatments of traumatology and orthopedics, transplants, oral surgery, as well as the reconstruction of organs and tissues including those of dental origin, among others. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by their great capacity for self-renewal, clonality and differentiation; they are present in the embryonic and adult stages of life in human beings. At present, a large number of sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the oral cavity are classified into eight main populations, which are very easy to obtain for the dental team, including: dental pulp, exfoliated primary teeth, dental follicle, dental germ, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, gingiva and periosteum. The objective of the following review is to show the panorama of the research from its origin, generalities, classification and application of this group of cells, since in spite of the advances in stem cell biology, some ethical controversies, as well as tumor formation and rejection limit their usefulness. That is why in this review we carefully describe the potential of dental stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, osteocytes, odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neural cells.
Tula Basin, the most polluted region in Mexico
Authors: Díaz-Quiñonez José Alberto
Published: July 2023

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Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) as a tool for diet management in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zaragoza-Cortes Jessica , Trejo-Osti Luis E.
Published: July 2023

Dietary diversity Score (DDS) is known as an indicator of food quality. This was a quasi-experimental study that determined the adequacy and means of energy consumption, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and saturated fats using five 24-hour recalls. Body weight, waist circumference (WC), and pre- and post-intervention HBA1c were measured, and DDS was calculated. A Food Plan Group (FPG) that had an individualized plan and a Dietary Diversity Group (DDG) that used the Dietary Diversity sheet to count food groups consumed per day were formed. Energy inadequacy was 30% in the FPG and 54% in the DDG (p=0.16). Carbohydrates inadequacy due to excess was 46.2% in the FPG and 50.0% in the DDG (p=0.14); protein was inadequate due to deficiency (92.3%) in 92% in the FPG and 69.2% in the DDG; there was low saturated fat consumption (p=0.06). Mean DDS in the FPG went from 5.0 to 6.0 (p=0.06) and in the DDG from 4.4 to 5.6 (p=0.01). Mean weight loss was −1.01 kg in the FPG and 0.33 in the DDG (p=0.05). WC decreased from 98.8 ± 11.0 cm to 96.5 ± 11.5 cm (p=0.01) in the FPG and from 99.1 ± 5.7 to 98.03 ± 4.7 (p=0.26) in the DDG. The Food Plan was more efficient; however, the efficacy of food group counting cannot be ruled out in the long term since it is easier than counting calories or portions.
El uso de simuladores como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el bachillerato. The use of simulators as a teaching-learning strategy in high school.
Authors: García Contreras Juan Martín , Mendoza Hernández Luz Eloisa
Published: July 2023

Resumen:

La educación actual requiere el  uso de recursos digitales y estrategias innovadoras que sitúan  al estudiante en un contexto acorde a su desarrollo, es por ello que los docentes apoyan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje con  recursos como: plataformas educativas para la distribución de contenidos, la nube para la creación de portafolios digitales, simuladores para experimentación y demostración, software para temas específicos, de esta forma se crea un ambiente de aprendizaje virtual que complementa los temas vistos en clase, en concreto los  simuladores permiten al estudiante practicar de forma interactiva y ver el valor de las variables que intervienen en el fenómeno con el cual están experimentando, así como la programación que interviene para el manejo de estás, mientras el estudiante aprende puede identificar los factores que intervienen en el proceso.

Abstract:

Current education requires the use of digital resources and innovative strategies that place the student in a context according to their development, which is why teachers support the teaching-learning process with resources such as: educational platforms for the distribution of content, the cloud for the creation of digital portfolios, simulators for experimentation and demonstration, software for specific topics, in this way a virtual learning environment is created that complements the topics seen in class, specifically the simulators allow the student to practice interactively and see the value of the variables that intervene in the phenomenon with which they are experimenting, as well as the programming that intervenes to manage these, while the student learns he can identify the factors that intervene in the process.
Escuelas promotoras de la salud, una oportunidad para cambiar el rumbo de la salud Pública en México
Authors: Salazar Arturo , Reyes-Silva Jesús A. , Sierra-Olvera Francelia
Published: July 2023

Resumen:

La promoción para la salud a través de la estrategia de educación para la salud es una herramienta que facilita la introducción de información en el pensamiento del ser humano, la cual es procesada, analizada y que formará parte de un desarrollo integral en cada individuo, la formación en salud, es parte de una necesidad que representa el futuro de una vida saludable, haciendo parte nuestra, el desarrollo de habilidades, hábitos y actitudes que contribuyen para una preservación de la salud individual y colectiva. La escuela ha de ser el lugar donde se instruya y se eduque, el eslabón que conjugue todas las influencias que inciden en la formación de la personalidad del individuo1. Para hacer frente a estos retos es necesario implementar acciones anticipatorias e integrales, orientadas a formar en las escuelas, niñas, niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, capaces de practicar estilos de vida saludables, ejerciendo su libertad con responsabilidad. Es indispensable hacer de la escuela un entorno físico y psicosocial favorable a la salud, que propicie el desarrollo de competencias y la participación de la comunidad educativa, en la modificación de los determinantes no favorables para la salud. Es necesario detener desde una temprana edad las epidemias de enfermedades infectocontagiosas, crónicas y lesiones, propiciadas por las condiciones de vida, el saneamiento básico, así como los hábitos alimentarios no saludables, el sobrepeso y la obesidad, la falta de actividad física y los comportamientos y condiciones de riesgo2.
Cri-crí, ¿Música para niños?
Authors: De Jesús-Rico Francisco J.
Published: July 2023

El presente ensayo es un análisis de ¿qué tanto? la música del insigne compositor mexicano Francisco Gabilondo Soler, autodenominado Cri-crí, está dirigida o no a la comunidad infantil Mexicana y de habla hispana. Por lo tanto, dirigiremos la atención del lector, no solo a ver y escuchar la música de este notable compositor, sino, inducirlo a escuchar detenidamente las profundas letras de este compositor, que en su muy particular forma de expresar sentimientos, observaciones, conductas y opiniones que sin ser tan directas, ya que muchas de ellas las narran personajes ficticios, los cuales suavisan el consejo convertido en dardo, que pudiera afectar la sensibilidad de algunos. Este mundo mágico creado por esta mente maestra, no solo nos hará recordar nuestra infancia, sino nos hará reflexionar sobre diferentes temas de actualidad.
Espejos
Authors: Gómez Chávez Lizeth
Published: July 2023

Un espejo es un instrumento óptico que nos permite ver cosas, personas o lugares, para que suceda esto, es necesario la presencia de luz, en ausencia de ella no se vería nada, estaría obscuro. La luz es un conjunto de rayos que se denomina haz, y siempre viaja en linea recta hacia todas direcciones pero al chocar con una superficie pulida y plana, el haz de luz choca y rebota a esto se le llama reflexión de la luz y forma un ángulo que  permite que la persona que este enfrente al espejo pueda verse reflejado y ver su imagen en el espejo. Cuando la luz rebota hacia nuestros ojos la luz nos permite ver nuestra imagen. Existen dos tipos de espejos los planos y los curvos de los que hay dos tipos los cóncavos y los convexos, los concavos tienen una superficie reflectante que sobresale hacia el interior, es tan ligeramnete curvo de la parte de en medio hacia atrás siendo la parte superior e inferior la que sobresale y la parte del centro esta legeramente hacia dentro, los espejos concavos amplian la imagen de lo que reflejan, en estos espejos el haz de luz choca en el espejo y forma un ángulo y es reflejado a otro punto formando un ángulo, pero al no ser un espejo plano tiene puntos y lados diferentes esto hace que la luz se refleje en diversas direcciones y aunque los puntos de reflexión son distintos se cruzan en un punto llamado foco y es el que hace que la imagen se amplíe, estos están presente en los espejos de los consultorios dentales o salones de belleza. Los espejos convexos curveados sus lados superiores e inferiosres tienen curveado hacia atrás y la parte de en medio hacia enfrente, estos hacen que lo que se refleje se observe más pequeño y parece que estuviera situado más cerca de lo que ralmente está, los rayos de luz que llegan a la suferficie del espejo convexo chocan y se reflejan hacia atrás y donde sé unen se encuentra el foco ahí rebota la luz hacia distintos puntos, la visión que se tiene es más amplia ya que en la imagen caben más objetos que en los planos, los encuentras en los respejos laterales de los autos las imágenes son más pequeñas de lo que son en la realidad y a una distancia menor que la que se encuentra. La imagen de los objetos cambian de a cuerdo al tipo de espejo que se tenga y esto se debe a las direcciónes que toma el haz de luz.
Crónica indígena del siglo XVII
Authors: Cortés Nájera Rosario , Cruz Rodríguez Gisela
Published: July 2023

La crónica es una forma de la narrativa en la que se describen acontecimientos históricos siguiendo un orden cronológico, en la Nueva España del siglo XVI esta forma de expresión permitió recuperar la historia de la Conquista de México y estaba escrita principalmente por los conquistadores, sin embargo, a partir del siglo XVII los indígenas evangelizados, algunos de ellos descendientes de la nobleza azteca se dieron a la tarea de revisar códices y recuperar testimonios de los ancianos para recuperar la historia de sus ancestros que estaba en riesgo de perderse.
Aprendiendo idiomas (Apps para inglés)
Authors: Moreno Josefina
Published: July 2023

En artículo refiere algunas de las aplicaciones móviles que se pueden utilizar como herramientas de apoyo en al aprendizaje de idiomas, enfocado en la lengua inglesa.
Plataformas Educativas-LMS
Authors: Tejeda Anaya María Antonieta
Published: July 2023

Las plataformas educativas son parte primordial de los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje en la materia de Mundos digitales, del bachillerato general de la Universidad, mismas que se clasifican y utilizan en dicha asignatura como herramienta de apoyo en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes.
Hardware y Software de Lego Educación Spike Prime
Authors: Vital Carrillo Marisela
Published: July 2023

Con el uso de las nuevas tecnologías los alumnos desarrollan cotidianamente sus habilidades cognitivas y creativas por lo que hoy en día  se habla más de la  robótica debido al interés de los estudiantes de nivel medio superior ya que pueden integrar   sus conocimientos matemáticos, físicos e informáticos para crear  pequeños robot con el uso del kit spike prime que es una herramienta de aprendizaje fácil de utilizar en cuanto a hardware  y software.
Arduino en el nivel medio superior
Authors: Pérez Tavera Iván Horacio
Published: July 2023

El uso de Arduino en el nivel medio superior mejora las habilidades de resolución de problemas, la creatividad y la capacidad de trabajo en equipo de los estudiantes. También se ha demostrado que el uso de Arduino en la educación media superior fomenta el pensamiento crítico y la toma de decisiones. Los estudiantes que usan Arduino en sus proyectos tienen la oportunidad de experimentar y aprender de manera práctica, lo que les permite comprender mejor los conceptos teóricos.
Estrategias didácticas que favorezcan el aprendizaje en el adulto joven
Authors: Cortés Cortés Lidia
Published: July 2023

Los adolescentes de bachillerato sufren una crisis sin valores por sus conductas que presentan, unos muestran ser cada día mejor y se conducen con respeto y madures y otros no les interesa la responsabilidad en su vida. Algunos alumnos son sociables, les gusta convivir con sus compañeros, resuelven sus problemas con sabiduría, otros se les complica tomar decisiones y enfrentarse a la sociedad.
Antifragility of the national economy: A heuristic assessment
Authors: Balatsky Evgeny , Ekimova Natalia
Published: July 2023

The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.
Development of paradigmatic ideas in the domestic regional economics by Evgeny Animitsa et al.
Authors: Buchinskaia Olga
Published: July 2023

The paper presents an overview of a monograph prepared by a team of scholars representing the Ural school of regional economics, which was created under the leadership of Evgeny Animitsa and is based in the Ural State University of Economics. Methodologically, the monograph relies on a wide range of approaches in the fields of philosophy of science, regional economics, economic geography, urban studies, finance. The main research method is content analysis of achievements in regional economics and related branches of science. The review examines interrelations between the development directions of the Ural school of thought and general global trends in regional economics and reveals the specificities of the Ural science. The synopsis of the monograph’s key chapters allows evaluating the contribution of the authors into the new ideas linked both with the theoretical consideration of the current economic situation and the state-of-the-art applied research into the economy of regions, agglomerations, cities. The paper outlines a number of controversial issues concerning the fallouts of ongoing economic reforms: the possibility of emergence and the focus of synergistic effects; problems of training research personnel and reforming the system of vocational education at regional level; development of impact investment system; formation of urban agglomerations and location of productive forces in regions. Particular emphasis is put on the social orientation and comprehensive development of regional economy by supporting the well-being economy. The review demonstrates that the research of the Ural school of regional economics clusters around the major problems of science, and in some cases is ahead of world academic achievements.
KODE R DAN SELANG KEPERCAYAAN KORELASI BERDASARKAN EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA KORELASI PDRB DENGAN JUMLAH KASUS COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suliadi Suliadi
Published: July 2023

Korelasi merupakan suatu ukuran untuk melihat kekuatan hubungan linier di antara dua variabel. Ada beberapa metode yang biasa digunakan untuk mengukur korelasi, diantaranya adalah korelasi pearson, peringkat spearman dan kendall tau. Metode yang biasa digunakan untuk mengukur korelasi untuk variabel bertipe numerik adalah korelasi pearson. Metode ini mensyaratkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut berdistribusi normal bivariat. Oleh karena itu inferensia korelasi pearson hasilnya akan valid jika asumsi tersebut terpenuhi. Dalam praktek, sering kali kenormalan data tersebut tidak dapat dipenuhi. Satu pendekatan telah diajukan dalam pembuatan selang kepercayaan berdasarkan empirical likelihood. Metode ini adalah metode bebas distribusi yang artinya tidak ada asumsi bahwa data harus berdistribusi tertentu. Dalam artikel ini kami membahas penyusunan selang kepercayaan korelasi pearson berdasarkan metode empirical likelihood  dan juga menyediakan kode perintah R Language untuk pembuatan selang kepercayaan tersebut. Kami menerapkan metode tersebut pada kasus hubungan antara PDRB dan jumlah kasus Covid-19 berdasarkan data provinsi di Indonesia Tahun 2020. Kami mendapatkan adanya hubungan yang sangat kuat antara PDRB dengan jumlah kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia dengan korelasi sebesar 0.939 dan dengan metode tersebut diperoleh batas bawah selang kepercayaan 99% adalah 0.872 dan batas atasnya adalah 0.962.
Explorando novos paradigmas para agregar valor ao SUS
Authors: Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos
Published: July 2023

Nas análises internacionais comparativas sobre as ineficiências do SUS, fica claro que seu patamar não seria diferente de outros sistemas de saúde em países de mesma renda. O questionamento dos significados e implicações dessa suposta ineficiência ganha ainda mais fôlego quando se consideram as ambiciosas metas de cobertura do SUS e o desafio de enfrentar as grandes desigualdades no território brasileiro. Entretanto, ao fim e ao cabo, pensar formas de aumentar a eficiência dos sistemas de saúde propõe desafios
globais à agenda da cobertura universal2, que precisam ser assumidos pelos países.
Eficiência e valor em saúde: ensaio crítico
Authors: Sobrinho Luiz Vianna
Published: July 2023

Este ensaio visa discutir a emergência da eficiência como imperativo para os sistemas de saúde nesse contexto mercantilizado e as metamorfoses do modelo médico e do conceito de valor, tão pregnante nas discussões atuais. As transformações de um mercado setorial de produtos e serviços, cada vez mais dinâmico e lucrativo, resvalam
em mudanças na prática médica ensejadas pelo avanço da tecnologia médica. O novo modelo da indústria da saúde assenta-se sobre o tripé autonomia do paciente (patient-centeredness) 5, medicina baseada em evidência e valor como finalidade. A transformação do conceito de valor e o contraponto com os princípios estruturantes do SUS embutidos nas novas definições são ressaltados nas soluções do mercado para paulatinamente estabelecer um novo modelo de exercício profissional nessa área.
Eficiência nas macrorregiões de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde: uma abordagem comparativa – 2008-2017
Authors: Marinho Alexandre , Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos , Cardoso Simone Souza , Benevides Rodrigo Pucci de Sá e
Published: July 2023

Este capítulo tem por objetivo principal aplicar os conceitos de eficiência discutidos nos capítulos precedentes aos dados das macrorregiões de saúde do SUS disponíveis em bases de dados públicas. Eficiência, como já explicitado em detalhes neste livro, será uma relação matemática entre valores observados e valores ótimos de produção de resultados a partir do consumo de insumos. Os valores ótimos são calculados a partir dos dados observados na amostra, o que faz da eficiência uma medida relativa, gerada a partir da comparação de desempenhos das unidades comparáveis em sua produção e estrutura produtiva.
COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR LAND USE AND LAND COVER ANALYSIS USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE (CASE STUDY: WANGGU WATERSHED)
Authors: Aldiansyah Septianto , Saputra Randi Adrian
Published: July 2023

Human population growth and land use and land cover (LULC) change have always developed side by side. Considering selection of a good Machine Learning (ML) classifier algorithm is needed considering the high estimation of LULC maps based on remote sensing. This study aims to produce a LULC classification of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images by comparing the accuracy performance of three ML algorithms, namely: Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Dataset comparison ratios were also explored to find the LULC classification results with the best accuracy. Sentinel-2 is better than Landsat-8 regarding Overall Accuracy (OA) and Coefficient Kappa. The comparison ratio of the training and testing datasets with a good level of accuracy is 70:30 on both images with the average OA Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 being 92.09% and 94.21%, respectively. The RF algorithm outperforms CART and SVM in both types of satellite imagery. The mean OA of the CART, RF, and SVM classifiers was 92.03%, 94.74%, 83.54% on Landsat-8, 93.14%, 96.15%, and 93.34% on Sentinel-2, respectively.
Percepción del rol docente y clases en línea en el contexto de la pandemia por covid-19 en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Uribe Alvarado J Isaac , Zacarías Salinas Ximena , Lozano Valenzuela Mónica Elizabeth , Álvarez García Karla Noemí
Published: July 2023

La pandemia por COVID-19 generó una serie de cambios y adaptaciones en las actividades cotidianas en todos los ámbitos sociales; en el contexto educativo el impacto ha sido considerable, pues los y las estudiantes debieron continuar su formación académica de forma virtual o en línea por varios meses, lo que modificó la percepción que se tiene de las actividades educativas al ser trasladadas a plataformas virtuales. Uno de los componentes más importantes en el proceso educativo en línea ha sido el rol docente, adicionalmente de las condiciones de acceso a la red por parte de los y las estudiantes. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar en qué medida el rol docente y las condiciones de acceso a las clases en línea influyeron en la percepción que los estudiantes tienen de ellas. Participaron estudiantes de nivel licenciatura de universidades públicas. Se diseñó un cuestionario para tal efecto el cual fue respondido mediante la plataforma de Google forms. Para el análisis de resultados, se realizaron pruebas de correlación para muestras no paramétricas y de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados indican que existe una percepción negativa de las clases en línea, y que el rol docente empático y flexible predice la percepción que los estudiantes tienen de la experiencia educativa.
Palabras claves: Discapacidad cognitiva, neuropsicología, atención temprana.
Irresolução do Contestado: do conflito de terras à violação da dignidade cultural e ambiental do caboclo
Authors: Marafon Renata , Vasconcelos Priscila Elise Alves
Published: July 2023

No cenário de guerra, geralmente se conhece o lado dos vencedores e no caso da Guerra do Contestado não foi diferente. Por anos, o governo havia enfrentado uma tropa de fanáticos rebeldes, mas passados cem anos, é importante, com outros olhos vislumbrar o lado de um povo que foi trucidado em nome do progresso por meio da instalação de uma estrada de ferro e a expulsão de simples posseiros.  Nesse contexto, como o conflito foi resolvido? De que forma ele influencia até hoje a comunidade local? Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e do método dedutivo, este estudo tem como objetivo geral mostrar como os resultados deste conflito perduram até hoje, na miserabilidade da região e falta de investimentos públicos, e como objetivos específicos analisar a figura do caboclo; conhecer o momento histórico que desencadeou a Guerra do Contestado e alguns índices que mostram as dificuldades econômicas da região.
O poder econômico global e as relações líquidas de consumo: a publicidade no código de defesa do consumidor brasileiro, a auto-regulamentação e o solidarismo como freios ao consumo inconsciente
Authors: Pantoja Carlos Henrique de Morais Souto , Ferreira Adegmar José , De Faria Juliete Prado
Published: July 2023

A sociedade atual, chamada de sociedade da informação, do consumo e do conhecimento, segue principalmente a lógica do consumo. Esse artigo traz a discussão sobre a problemática do consumo inconsciente e como ele se manifesta em países desiguais, como o Brasil, no contexto social da atualidade. Diante de um capitalismo que exerce um poder econômico cada vez mais global e, a partir da compreensão das regras do Código de Defesa do Consumidor a respeito da publicidade, bem como das tentativas brasileiras de auto-regulamentação e de construção de um solidarismo para permear as relações de consumo, hipoteticamente podemos entender que esses são mecanismos capazes de controlar o poder econômico capitalista. O objetivo geral do artigo é discutir sobre as disposições do Código de Defesa do Consumidor Brasileiro quanto à publicidade, sobre a auto-regulamentação e a construção do solidarismo, enquanto freios ao consumo inconsciente. Especificamente, pretende-se compreender a atual sociedade a partir do marco histórico da colonização europeia das Américas, bem como o advento do capitalismo industrial e o seu deslocamento no contexto atual. Também, tratar sobre as principais regras a respeito da publicidade no Código de Defesa do Consumidor no Brasil e, por fim, tratar da auto-regulamentação e do solidarismo, para construir algumas considerações finais refutando ou confirmando a hipótese lançada. O método de abordagem é o hipotético-dedutivo. O método de procedimento é o histórico. O método interpretativo é o sociológico. A técnica de pesquisa é a documentação indireta, consubstanciado na revisão de referências.
Relação de consumo: um conceito indevidamente relativizado
Authors: Caleiro Manuel Munhoz , Silveira Amanda Ferraz da
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a inserção da relação jurídico-obrigacional de consumo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, assim trazer uma breve análise de seus elementos e apontar discussões pontuais acerca de cada um de seus elementos, sem o intuito de esgotar o tema. Assim, passa-se a analisar cada um dos elementos que caracterizam a relação jurídica de consumo, tecendo comentários sobre atuais posicionamentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais a cada um deles com o intuito de contribuir, mesmo que minimamente, com o desenvolvimento da seara jurídica brasileira. Tem-se a utilização do método indutivo, combinado com o procedimento de pesquisa monográfico e técnicas de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Ao final, conclui-se que tal relação jurídico-obrigacional cada vez mais tem sua incidência afastada pelos Tribunais brasileiros, que acolhem posições doutrinárias não benéficas ao consumidor e ao próprio mercado de consumo, e a influência individual-civilista que relativiza os conceitos inovadores adotados pelo legislador consumerista.
Optimization of Vehicle Object Detection Based on UAV Dataset: CNN Model and Darknet Algorithm
Authors: Rangkuti Abdul Haris , Athala Varyl Hasbi
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to identify several types of vehicles taken using drone technology or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The introduction of vehicles from above an altitude of more than 300-400 meters that pass the highway above ground level becomes a problem that needs optimum investigation so that there are no errors in determining the type of vehicle. This study was conducted at mining sites to identify the class of vehicles that pass through the highway and how many types of vehicles pass through the road for vehicle recognition using a deep learning algorithm using several CNN models such as Yolo V4, Yolo V3, Densenet 201, CsResNext â€“Panet 50 and supported by the Darknet algorithm to support the training process. In this study, several experiments were carried out with other CNN models, but with peripherals and hardware devices, only 4 CNN models resulted in optimal accuracy. Based on the experimental results, the CSResNext-Panet 50 model has the highest accuracy and can detect 100% of the captured UAV video data, including the number of detected vehicle volumes, then Densenet and Yolo V4, which can detect up to 98% - 99%. This research needs to continue to be developed by knowing all classes affordable by UAV technology but must be supported by hardware and peripheral technology to support the training process.
A Combination of Transfer Learning and Support Vector Machine for Robust Classification on Small Weed and Potato Datasets
Authors: Adhinata Faisal Dharma , Ramadhan Nur Ghaniaviyanto , Tanjung Nia Annisa Ferani , Fauzi Muhammad Dzulfikar , Tanjung Nia Annisa Ferani
Published: July 2023

Agriculture is the primary sector in Indonesia for meeting people's daily food demands. One of the agricultural commodities that replace rice is potatoes. Potato growth needs to be protected from weeds that compete for nutrients. Spraying using pesticides can cause environmental pollution, affecting cultivated plants. Currently, agricultural technology is being developed using an Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach to classifying crops. The classification process using AI depends on the number of datasets obtained. The number of datasets obtained in this research is not too large, so it requires a particular approach regarding the AI method used. This research aims to use a combination of feature extraction methods with local and deep feature approaches with supervised machine learning to classify of small datasets. The local feature method used in this research is Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), while the deep feature method used is MobileNet and MobileNetV2. The famous Support Vector Machine (SVM) uses the classification method to separate two data classes. The experimental results showed that the local feature HOG method was the fastest in the training process. However, the most accurate result was using the MobileNetV2 deep feature method with an accuracy of 98%. Deep features produced the best accuracy because the feature extraction process went through many neural network layers. This research can provide insight on how to analyze a small number of datasets by combining several strategies
Improving Badminton Player Detection Using YOLOv3 with Different Training Heuristic
Authors: Haq Muhammad Abdul , Tagawa Norio
Published: July 2023

There has been a considerable rise in the amount of research and development focused on computer vision over the previous two decades. One of the most critical processes in computer vision is "visual tracking," which involves following objects with a camera. Tracking objects is the practice of following an individual moving object or group of moving things over time. Identifying or connecting target elements in consecutive video frames of a badminton match requires visual object tracking. The aim of this study is to identify badminton players using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) technique in conjunction with a variety of training heuristics. This methodology has a few advantages over other approaches to detecting objects. The convolutional neural network and Fast convolutional neural network are two examples of the many algorithmic approaches that are available. In this study, a neural network is used to produce predictions about the bounding boxes and the class probabilities for these boxes.. The results demonstrated that it was far faster than other methods in terms of its ability to recognize the image. The performance of image classification networks significantly improved as a result of the implementation of a variety of training strategies for the detection of objects. The mean average precision score for YOLOv3 with various training heuristics increased from 32.0 to 36.0 as a direct result of these adjustments. In comparison to YOLOv3, our future study might examine the performance of alternative models like Faster R-CNN or RetinaNet.
Determining the Rice Seeds Quality Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hidayat Sidiq Syamsul , Rahmawati Dwi , Prabowo Muhamad Cahyo Ardi , Triyono Liliek , Putri Farika Tono
Published: July 2023

Seed inspection is crucial for plant nurseries and farmers as it ensures seed quality when growing seedlings. It is traditionally accomplished by expert inspectors filtering samples manually, but there are some challenges, such as cost, accuracy, and large numbers. Speed and accuracy were the main conditions for increasing agricultural productivity. Machine learning is a sub-science of Artificial Intelligence that can be applied in research on the classification of rice seed quality. The pipeline of a machine learning system is dataset collection, training, validation, and testing. Model making begins with taking data on the characteristics of rice seeds based on physical parameters in the form of seed shape and color. The dataset used is two thousand images divided into two categories, namely superior seeds and non-superior seeds. Training and Validation was conducted using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm with the concept of cross-validation on Google Collaboratory notebooks. The ratio split of train data and validation data in modeling from a dataset is 80:20. The result of the model formed is a model with the development of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN) that can classify the digital image data of rice seeds from the results of data calls uploaded into the system. The results of the experiment conducted on 30 test data can be analyzed so that the system can classify superior and non-superior seeds with a precision value of 93% and a recall of 95%.
Computational of Concrete Slump Model Based on H2O Deep Learning framework and Bagging to reduce Effects of Noise and Overfitting
Authors: Santosa Stefanus , P. Santosa Yonathan , Lambang Goro Garup , Wahjoedi - , Mahbub Jamal
Published: July 2023

Concrete mixture design for concrete slump test has many characteristics and mostly noisy. Such data will affect prediction of machine learning. This study aims to experiment on H2O Deep Learning framework and Bagging for noisy data and overfitting avoidance to create the Concrete Slump Model. The data consists of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, age, slump, and compressive strength. A primary data for concrete mixed design using the fine aggregate material from Merapi Volcano, the hills of Muntilan, and Kalioro. The coarse aggregate was obtained from Pamotan, Jepara, Semarang, Ungaran, and Mojosongo Boyolali Central Java. The cement was using Gresik and Holcim product and the water was from Tembalang, Semarang. The experiment model with one input layer with 7 neurons, one hidden layer with 20 neurons, and one output layer with 1 neuron using activation function TanH, with parameter L1=1.0E-5, L2=0.0, max weight=10.0, epsilon=1.0E-8, rho=0.99, and epoch=800 is able to achieve RMSE of 2.272. This result shows that after introducing Bagging, the error can be reduced up to 2.5 RMSE approximately (50% lower) compared to the model without Bagging.Â The manually tested mixture data was used to model evaluation. The result shows that the model was able to achieve RMSE 0.568.Â Following this study, this model can be used for further research such as creating slump design practicum equipment/ application software.
Optimization of the Preprocessing Method for Edge Detection on Overlapping Cells at PAP Smear Images
Authors: Merlina Nita , Noersasongko Edi , Andono Pulung Nurtantio , Soeleman M Arief , Riana Dwiza
Published: July 2023

The complexity of the cell structure and high overlap cause poor image contrast. Complex imaging factors can make automatic visual interpretation more difficult. Segmentation separates a digital image into different parts with homogeneous attributes so that different areas have different features. The challenges faced in performing nucleus segmentation on Pap Smear (PS) images are poor contrast, the presence of neutrophils, and uneven staining of overlapping cells. This research was conducted to improve image quality in identifying the nucleus accurately. The method used is the Polynomial Contrast Enhancement (PCE) model as an approach to preprocessing. This method functions to change the contrast of the Pap smear image against the overlapping cells so that it becomes a significant contrast in detecting the edge of the nucleus object. The detection process uses the Robert and Prewitt edge detection method to test the identification of the nucleus object on 797 PS Repository images of the University of Nusa Mandiri (RepomedUNM). The accuracy result obtained is 86.8%. Comparing Robert's edge detection and Prewitt's edge detection shows that the PCE approach as a filter method can overcome color contrast problems and detect more accurately. The difficulty in detecting the nucleus from the PS image against the overlapping cells can be solved. This method can distinguish overlapping cells from their core during testing, thus becoming a reference in identifying cells with improved accuracy and testing larger data sets.
Implementation of Virtual Fiber Optic Module Using Virtual Reality for Vocational Telecommunications Students
Authors: Sukaridhoto Sritrusta , Fajrianti Evianita Dewi , Haz Amma Liesvarastranta , Budiarti Rizqi Putri Nourma , Agustien Lusiana
Published: July 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is a computer technology capable of replicating a real environment into an immersive world. VR is also capable of simulating the user's physical condition so that they are able to interact. In the world of education as a support for educational activities, especially for vocational high school students who are more dominant in practicum, this study aims to show the results of the early stages of implementing Fiber Optic (FO) learning support modules. The module development process is carried out in several stages: scenario preparation, 3D asset development with low poly optimization, scenario integration with 3D assets, triggering every interaction, multiuser settings, and implementation. To build a good VR Fiber Optic application, measurements using OVR metrics are carried out. This measurement aims to determine the reliability of the application that affects the user experience. In the OVR metric measurement, the highest FPS value is 43, and the lowest FPS value is 27. The value obtained is good enough to run VR applications with low poly asset composition. Measurement of the level of user satisfaction is also carried out by using the PIECES Framework. From the measurement results, the value of each variable is in the range of 3.4 - 4.91, which means that users are satisfied with the VR FO application as a virtual learning support module. This research shows that Virtual Reality technology can provide an overview of practicum that is easy to access and not limited by space and material.
Pre-Trained CNN Architecture Analysis for Transformer-Based Indonesian Image Caption Generation Model
Authors: Mulyawan Rifqi , Sunyoto Andi , Muhammad Alva Hendi Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Classification and object recognition in image processing has significantly improved computer vision tasks. The method is often used for visual problems, especially in picture classification utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In the popular state-of-the-art (SOTA) task of generating a caption on an image, the implementation is often used for feature extraction of an image as an encoder. Instead of performing direct classification, these extracted features are sent from the encoder to the decoder section to generate the sequence. So, some CNN layers related to the classification task are not required. This study aims to determine which CNN pre-trained architecture or model performs best in extracting image features using a state-of-the-art Transformer model as its decoder. Unlike the original Transformerâ€™s architecture, we implemented a vector-to-sequence way instead of sequence-to-sequence for the model. Indonesian Flickr8k and Flick30k datasets were used in this research. Evaluations were carried out using several pre-trained architectures, including ResNet18, ResNet34, ResNet50, ResNet101, VGG16, Efficientnet_b0, Efficientnet_b1, and Googlenet. The qualitative model inference results and quantitative evaluation scores were analyzed in this study. The test results show that the ResNet50 architecture can produce stable sequence generation with the highest accuracy value. With some experimentation, finetuning the encoder can significantly increase the model evaluation score. As for future work, further exploration with larger datasets like Flickr30k, MS COCO 14, MS COCO 17, and other image captioning datasets in Indonesian also implementing a new Transformers-based method can be used to get a better Indonesian automatic image captioning model.Â