bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rural Worlds, Social Sustainability and Local Landscapes in the Globalisation Era. Case Studies in Southern Europe, de Eloy Gómez-Pellón (Ed.)
Authors: González González Miguel
Published: February 2022

Sin duda, uno de los temas que más preocupa y que más debate suscita en el sector de las ciencias sociales que se dedican al estudio del medio rural es el de la sostenibilidad social de este último. Problemas específicos del mundo rural, como son el despoblamiento, el envejecimiento de la población o la masculinización del campo son consustanciales a muchas sociedades actuales y tienen mucho que ver con una creciente urbanización y con una progresiva transformación económica, que han contribuido, junto con otros factores, a generar un profundo cambio social. Distintas ciencias sociales se aúnan en esta obra para conjugar diferentes perspectivas metodológicas, produciendo una variada nómina de investigaciones con el único propósito de estudiar el medio rural, las cuales son cada vez mejor valoradas, no solo en el ámbito académico, sino también por parte de las administraciones públicas. Una de las quejas más recurrentes de los habitantes de las zonas rurales es que las decisiones que afectan al mundo rural se toman en los centros de poder, sin tener en cuenta a los propios habitantes del medio rural. Y, precisamente, el libro que presentamos se centra en dos de los problemas que preocupan a la Unión Europea: la sostenibilidad del mundo rural y la cohesión territorial. Por lo tanto, podemos afirmar que, ante los problemas tan acuciantes del mundo rural y la preocupación, tanto política como social, que suscitan, el tema de la obra está suficientemente justificado.
Raza y política en Hispanoamérica, de Tomás Pérez Vejo y Pablo Yankelevich (Coords.)
Authors: Riquelme-Quiñonero María-Teresa
Published: February 2022

Esta obra colectiva, coordinada por Tomás Pérez Vejo y Pablo Yankelevich, se centra en la construcción política del concepto «raza» en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del XX en Hispanoamérica. A través de diferentes casos de estudio, se analiza cómo, desde una base biológica donde predomina la inmutabilidad de la condición humana, se construye un ideal de nación. Este estudio se encuentra organizado en una serie de capítulos centrados en diferentes áreas geográficas de Latinoamérica, en distintos países concretos, y un capítulo que conecta muchas de estas naciones con España y la teoría del viajante.
«Galguerías» de los nuevos tiempos. Ideologías indígenas de la transición alimentaria y nutricional en el oriente de Guatemala
Authors: Mariano Juárez Lorenzo , Conde Caballero David
Published: February 2022

La reflexión teórica en torno al cambio en las culturas alimentarias constituye un lugar común en los estudios de la antropología de la alimentación. En este texto se aborda el análisis de la Transición Alimentaria y Nutricional y los procesos de cambio en la cultura maya ch’orti’ del oriente de Guatemala. A partir de la observación participante y la producción de materiales empíricos procedentes de diversas relaciones de encuesta, se analizan los vectores del cambio en las ideologías indígenas sobre la comida procesada y las bebidas azucaradas. El contexto de la investigación resulta revelador para el análisis de las dinámicas simbólicas alimentarias: se trata de una región donde hace poco más de una década se lidiaba con la escasez y el hambre y donde la «innovación alimentaria» impulsada por la industria del desarrollo era rechazada por no ser «comida verdadera». En el presente, la incorporación de estos nuevos alimentos parece inevitable, encontrando acomodo en la nueva gramática de los símbolos alimentarios e incluso como herramientas contemporáneas para los procesos sociales de distinción. Ni el discurso médico que alerta sobre los peligros para la salud de este consumo ni los otrora férreos tabiques de la tradición parecen ser un freno suficiente como para poder contener la incorporación de este tipo de modernidad que se ejemplifica en un ambiente «malnutriogénico», que resulta especialmente sensible entre las generaciones más jóvenes.
The Record Power Profile of Male Professional Cyclists: Normative Values Obtained From a Large Database
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Muriel Xabier , van Erp Teun , Mateo-March Manuel , Gandia-Soriano Alexis , Zabala Mikel , Lamberts Robert P. , Lucia Alejandro , Barranco-Gil David , Pallarés Jesús G.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To present normative data for the record power profile of male professional cyclists attending to team categories and riding typologies. Methods: Power output data registered from 4 professional teams during 8 years (N = 144 cyclists, 129,262 files, and 1062 total seasons [7 (5) per cyclist] corresponding to both training and competition sessions) were analyzed. Cyclists were categorized as ProTeam (n = 46) or WorldTour (n = 98) and as all-rounders (n = 65), time trialists (n = 11), climbers (n = 50), sprinters (n = 11), or general classification contenders (n = 7). The record power profile was computed as the highest maximum mean power (MMP) value attained for different durations (1 s to 240 min) in both relative (W·kg−1) and absolute units (W). Results: Significant differences between ProTeam and WorldTour were found for both relative (P = .002) and absolute MMP values (P = .006), with WT showing lower relative, but not absolute, MMP values at shorter durations (30–60 s). However, higher relative and absolute MMP values were recorded for very short- (1 s) and long-duration efforts (60 and 240 min for relative MMP values and ≥5 min for absolute ones). Differences were also found regarding cyclists’ typologies for both relative and absolute MMP values (P < .001 for both), with sprinters presenting the highest relative and absolute MMP values for short-duration efforts (5–30 s) and general classification contenders presenting the highest relative MMP values for longer efforts (1–240 min). Conclusions: The present results––obtained from the largest cohort of professional cyclists assessed to date—could be used to assess cyclists’ capabilities and indicate that the record power profile can differ between cyclists’ categories and typologies.
Investigating Prior Mentoring Experiences of Medical Students and Its Perceived Benefits
Authors: Wekam Vanina , Vance-Chalcraft Heather D.
Published: February 2022

Successful mentoring relationships allow mentees to gain the confidence and knowledge they need to reach their goals, but students from populations generally underrepresented in science and health fields have been shown to receive less mentorship than their well-represented peers. In highly competitive processes, like medical school admissions, mentoring may be particularly valuable.
Scientific Societies Integrating Gender and Ethnoracial Diversity Efforts: A First Meeting Report from Amplifying the Alliance to Catalyze Change for Equity in STEM Success (ACCESS+)
Authors: Campbell-Montalvo Rebecca , Lucy Putwen Andrea , Hill Lucas , Metcalf Heather E. , Sims Ershela L. , Peters Jan W. , Zimmerman Alexandra N. , Gillian-Daniel Donald L. , Leibnitz Gretalyn M. , Segarra Verónica A.
Published: February 2022

Professional STEM societies have been identified as an important lever to address STEM diversity, equity, and inclusion. In this
Perspectives
article, we chronicle the highlights of the first Amplifying the Alliance to Catalyze Change for Equity in STEM Success (ACCESS+) convening held in September 2021.
Extra-axial haemorrhages in young children with skull fractures: abuse or accident?
Authors: Wallace Jordan , Metz James Benson , Otjen Jeffrey , Perez Francisco A , Done Stephen , Brown Emily C B , Wiester Rebecca T , Boos Stephen C , Ganti Sheila , Feldman Kenneth W
Published: February 2022

Objective

Infant and toddler subdural haemorrhages (SDH) are often considered indicative of abuse or major trauma. However, accidental impact events, such as falls, cause contact extra-axial haemorrhages (EAHs). The current study sought to determine frequency and clinical behaviour of EAHs with infant and toddler accidental and abusive skull fractures.

Patients and methods

Children aged <4 years with accidental skull fractures and abusive fractures identified by CT at two paediatric tertiary care centres. Clinical data were abstracted by child abuse paediatricians and images were reviewed by paediatric radiologists. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression as well as descriptive statistics.

Results

Among 227 subjects, 86 (37.9%) had EAHs. EAH was present in 73 (34.8%) accidental and 13 (76.5%) of the abusive injuries. Intracranial haemorrhage rates were not different for children with major or minor accidents but were fewer than abused. EAH was equally common with falls <4 and>4 ft. EAH depths did not differ by mechanism, but 69% of accidental EAHs were localised solely at fracture sites vs 38% abuse. Widespread and multifocal EAHs were more common with abuse. Children with abuse or major accidental injuries presented with lower initial Glasgow Coma Scales than those with minor accidents. Abused children had initial loss of consciousness more often than those with either minor or major accidents.

Conclusions

Simple contact EAHs were common among children with minor and major accidental skull fractures. Accidental EAHs were more localised with less neurological dysfunction than abusive.
Cost-effectiveness of full endoscopic versus open discectomy for sciatica
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh Shankar , Broulikova Hana M , van Dongen Johanna M , Rubinstein Sidney M , Depauw Paul R , Vleggeert Carmen , Seiger Ankie , Peul Wilco C , van Susante Job L , van Tulder Maurits W , Harhangi Biswadjiet S
Published: February 2022

Objective

To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica.

Methods

This economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 12-month multicentre randomised controlled trial with a non-inferiority design, in which patients were randomised to PTED or open microdiscectomy. Patients were aged from 18 to 70 years and had at least 6 weeks of radiating leg pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. Effect measures included leg pain and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), as derived using the EQ-5D-5L. Costs were measured from a societal perspective. Missing data were multiply imputed, bootstrapping was used to estimate statistical uncertainty, and various sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the robustness.

Results

Of the 613 patients enrolled, 304 were randomised to PTED and 309 to open microdiscectomy. Statistically significant differences in leg pain and QALYs were found in favour of PTED at 12 months follow-up (leg pain: 6.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 12.6; QALYs: 0.040; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.074). Surgery costs were higher for PTED than for open microdiscectomy (ie, €4500/patient vs €4095/patient). All other disaggregate costs as well as total societal costs were lower for PTED than for open microdiscectomy. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves indicated that the probability of PTED being less costly and more effective (ie, dominant) compared with open microdiscectomy was 99.4% for leg pain and 99.2% for QALYs.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PTED is more cost-effective from the societal perspective compared with open microdiscectomy for patients with sciatica.

Trial registration number

NCT02602093.
Effectiveness of case-based learning in Chinese dental education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Haitao , Guo Chunlan , Zhou Lian , Zhao Jizhi , Wu Xiaomin , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2022

Objective

The application of case-based learning (CBL) pedagogy has been emerging as an improved and more practical learning method across the Chinese dental education system. This article provides a critical overview of CBL pedagogy and further assesses the effectiveness of this teaching model in Chinese dental education.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Studies published up to December 2019 were searched in the following electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science Periodical Database, Chinese Biomedical documental database, Wanfang data, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of the CBL teaching model and the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) model in all dental disciplines were included. The assessment of methodological quality was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and the meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan V.5.3

Results

A total of 30 RCTs were finally included, with a total sample size of 2356 dental students. The CBL pedagogy significantly increased knowledge scores (standardised mean difference (SMD)=1.58, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.20, p<0.0001), skill scores (SMD=1.22, 95% CI: 0.34 to 2.11, p<0.0001), comprehensive ability scores (SMD=1.91, 95% CI: 1.74 to 4.07, p<0.0001) and teaching satisfaction (risk ratio=1.38; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65; p=0.01) compared with the LBL teaching model among the dental students. Additionally, a subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of CBL on knowledge scores, skill scores and comprehensive ability scores when comparing theoretical and practical courses.

Conclusions

The meta-analysis and systematic review of the eligible literature showed that the CBL pedagogy in Chinese dental education is an effective way to increase knowledge scores, skill scores, comprehensive ability scores and teaching satisfaction. Successful adaptation of this teaching model could solve the scarcity of highly skilled and professional dentists in dental schools and hospitals across China.
Low health literacy and multiple medications in community-dwelling older adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Shebehe Jacques , Montgomery Scott , Hansson Anders , Hiyoshi Ayako
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Adequate health literacy is important for patients to manage chronic diseases and medications. We examined the association between health literacy and multiple medications in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older in England.

Design, settings and participants

We included 6368 community-dwelling people of median age 66 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Health literacy was assessed at wave 5 (2010/11) with 4 questions concerning a medication label. Four correct answers were categorised as adequate health literacy, otherwise low. Data on medications were collected at wave 6 (2012/13). To examine the difference in the number of medications between low and adequate health literacy, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression, estimating odds ratio (OR) for zero medication and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the number of medications, with 95% CIs. Associations were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics, smoking and cognitive function. We also stratified the analysis by sex, and age (50–64 and ≥65 years). To be comparable with preceding studies, multinomial regression was fitted using commonly used thresholds of polypharmacy (0 vs 1–4, 5–9, ≥10 medications).

Results

Although low health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of being medication-free (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.91), health literacy was not associated with the number of medications among those at risk for medication (IRR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.05), and this finding did not differ among younger and older age groups or women. Among men, low health literacy showed a weak association (IRR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.14). Multinomial regression models showed graded risks of polypharmacy for low health literacy.

Conclusions

Although there was no overall association between health literacy and the number of medications, this study does not support the assertion that low health literacy is associated with a notably higher number of medications in men.
Ten-year tenure as a physician CEO at a Nordic university hospital: five lessons learnt
Authors: Ingebrigtsen Tor
Published: February 2022

Background

I was a 42-year-old neurosurgeon with experience as department head when I took chair as chief executive officer (CEO) at the University Hospital of North Norway to lead a comprehensive organisational and financial restructuring. This article aims to develop lessons learnt during my 10-year tenure.

Methods

I restructured the organisation and hired a new executive team. We developed a new strategy and measures to implement it. I describe the results, a strategic disagreement that developed and my resignment, and reflect critically over my actions as a leader.

Results

Measures of safety and quality in clinical processes, cost-effectiveness and financial equity improved. We expedited investments in medical equipment, information technology and hospital facilities. Patient satisfaction was stable, but employees’ job satisfaction decreased. After 9 years, a politicised strategic disagreement with superior authorities developed. I was criticised for attempting to influence inappropriately, and resigned.

Lessons learnt

(1) Data-driven improvement works, but comes at a cost. Healthcare organisations should consider to prioritise resilience over efficiency. (2) It is inherently difficult to recognise when and how an issue changes from a professional to a political logic. I should have used contacts in politics and surveilled local media better. (3) During conflict, role clarity is crucial. (4) CEOs should be prepared to resign when strategically unaligned with superior authorities. (5) A CEO tenure should not last more than 10 years.

Conclusion

My experiences as a physician CEO was intense and immensely interesting, but some of the lessons were painfully learnt.
Hunting for the heavy quark spin symmetry partner of $$Z_{cs}$$
Authors: Cao Xu , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2022

The discovery of a charged strange hidden-charm state $$Z_{cs}$$

Z

cs

(3985) implies another higher $$Z^*_{cs}$$

Z

cs

∗

state coupling to $${\bar{D}}_s^{*-}D^{*0} + c.c$$

D

¯

s

∗
-

D

∗
0

+
c
.
c

under the heavy quark spin symmetry. In this paper we discuss a possible hunt for it with data taken at existing facilities. We point out a hint for $$Z^*_{cs}$$

Z

cs

∗

in the data of $${\bar{B}}_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi K^- K^+$$

B

¯

s
0

→
J
/
ψ

K
-

K
+

at LHCb, though weak, in line with the production mechanism of pentaquark $$P_c$$

P
c

. We also study the triangular singularity which would possibly enhance the production of $$Z^*_{cs}$$

Z

cs

∗

in electron-positron collision. Surprisingly, the production rate of $$Z^*_{cs}$$

Z

cs

∗

is expected to be maximum at the $$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

center of mass energy of 4.648 GeV, which is lower than 4.681 GeV for $$Z_{cs}$$

Z

cs

due to the inverted coupling hierarchy of $$D_{s1}{\bar{D}}^* K$$

D

s
1

D

¯

∗

K

and $$D_{s2}{\bar{D}}K$$

D

s
2

D

¯

K

in the triangle diagrams. Their bottom analogue under heavy quark flavor symmetry is also discussed. Our theoretical analysis would confront with future experiment of LHCb, BESIII, and Bell II.
An in-and-out-the-lab Raman spectroscopy study on street art murals from Reggio Emilia in Italy
Authors: Rousaki Anastasia , Vandenabeele Peter , Berzioli Michela , Saccani Ilaria , Fornasini Laura , Bersani Danilo
Published: February 2022

The street art murals ‘The Big Mother’ by Gola Hundun, the ‘Big Sacral Bird’ by Kenor, the ‘Oriental Carpet” by H101 and “The Economy Subdues You” by Zosen, belonging to the Cooperative Popular Houses of Mancasale and Coviolo in Reggio Emilia (Italy), were investigated by the use of various mobile Raman spectrometers coupled to different lasers and by micro-Raman spectroscopy on selected samples. The study was made necessary by the evident fading of many colours, despite the young age of the paintings, realized in 2010. The first step of the investigation, realized by the on-site campaign, was the identification of the materials, and in particular of the dyes. The main chromophores were identified as polycyclic, monoazo- and disazo- organic pigments, with inorganic compounds as bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) together with the extensive presence of rutile (TiO2). The second step was devoted to the study of the degradation mechanism affecting the colourful layers of the murals. It required the use of laboratory micro-spectrometers and was carried out on a reduced set of samples, selected during the in-situ campaign. This combination of on-site and laboratory Raman spectroscopy allowed the obtaining of the complete identification of the palette used by the different artists in a single day of measurements, in a complete non-destructive day. In addition, it was possible to minimize the number of samples required for the study of the degradation process.

Graphical abstract
Properness of translating solitons for the mean curvature flow
Authors: Kim Daehwan , Pyo Juncheol
Published: February 2022

We show that a complete translating soliton in Euclidean space with either finite entropy or Euclidean volume growth is proper. For any translating soliton, whether it is proper or not, we also proved that the weighted volume [Formula: see text] of the translating soliton [Formula: see text] is infinite.
Application of Morse potential and improved deformed exponential-type potential (IDEP) model to predict thermodynamics properties of diatomic molecules
Authors: Khordad R. , Edet C. O. , Ikot A. N.
Published: February 2022

The thermal properties of three diatomic molecules such as hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and iodine (I2) are theoretically predicted. To this end, two different potential models are considered, Morse potential and improved deformed exponential-type potential (IDEP). The Schrödinger equation is analytically solved to obtain energy levels. For the Morse and IDEP potential models, the Laplace transformation and the Greene–Aldrich approximation and appropriate coordinate transformation are employed, respectively. In the former potential model, we have obtained energy eigenvalues by considering position-dependent effective mass. Using the energy levels of two models, the partition function is first determined. Second, thermal functions of the molecules such as heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy are obtained and compared with the available results. The calculated enthalpy using the two models for CO and I2 molecules is in excellent agreement in comparison with the available data in a wide temperature range. But, the obtained enthalpy of H2 molecule using the Morse potential at high temperatures does not agree excellently with the experimental data. The entropy of H2, CO and I2 using the two models is tin good agreement in comparison with the available data in a wide temperature range whereas the entropy of H2 at low temperatures does not agree excellently with the experimental data. Our theoretical results using the two potential models do not show a suitable prediction about the heat capacity at a constant pressure of H2, CO and I2 molecules, But the IDEP shows more agreement compared to the Morse potential.
Analytical solutions to the Schrodinger equation for a generalized Cornell potential and its applications to diatomic molecules and heavy mesons
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Singh Ram Mehar , Bhardwaj S. B. , Rani Richa , Chand Fakir
Published: February 2022

Here, analytical expressions of energy eigenvalues and eigen functions for a generalized Cornell potential are obtained by solving the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation using the Nikiforov–Uvarov functional analysis method along with Greene–Aldrich approximation. Energy spectra of three physically important potentials viz the pseudoharmonic, the Kratzer and the Coulomb perturbed potentials are derived from the general results. Further, within the framework of the Kratzer potential, energy eigenvalue spectra of diatomic molecules [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are computed. The mass spectra of two heavy mesons are also investigated using the Coulomb perturbed potential, a form of the generalized Cornell potential. The obtained results are in good agreement with the results of others studies. The study is further extended to calculate and draw the partition function and other associated thermodynamic quantities for heavy mesons.
Real time thermal photon–photon interactions in the mixed space
Authors: Ahmed M. A. A. , Zainuddin H. , Shah N. M. , Ladrem Madjid Lakhdar Hamou
Published: February 2022

Using the effective Lagrangian for the low energy/temperature of photon–photon interaction and the lowest-order photon self-energy is calculated in the Real-Time Formalism (RTF) for an arbitrary path specified by the [Formula: see text]-parameter within the new basis. The causal Green’s functions (without chemical potential) for the scalar field are evaluated to derive the usual thermal propagators in the mixed space. It is shown that the symmetric propagator does not depend on [Formula: see text]-parameter. Furthermore, the photon self-energy is used to calculate some electromagnetic properties, such as dielectric tensor and velocity of light from photon self-energy in the mixed space that greatly simplifies calculations in RTF. Their time dependence is investigated, and a comparison between our results and those obtained by other models is discussed.
Network Intrusion Logit Detection Model with IO Port Cross-Classification
Authors: Sun Jingchun , Deng Fei , Su Qin
Published: February 2022

Recently, information networks are becoming a significant part of daily life, so keeping the system’s security is necessary for security tools, such as firewalls and encryption. However, because of the weaknesses of the existing tools, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been implemented to solve the problem. In the application of IDS, feature classification and data analysis are the two most important steps. In this paper, by using the Logit regression model, we attempt to search for the optimal cutting value based on the relationship between cutting value and accuracy index and put forward an input-output port crossed (IOPC) classification for IDS to distinguish the new intrusion features. First, we discuss whole features and propose a taxonomy of IOPC classification for CIC-IDS2017 that is different from other former studies, which can reduce the data space. Second, we compute the distribution curve of cutting values varied with the accuracy index, the purpose of which is to search for the optimal cutting values. Finally, utilizing IOPC classification, the difference between the distribution of the cutting values under the attacks of distributed denial of service (DDoS) and PortScan in CIC-IDS2017 is discussed, which highlights the characteristic that cutting values besieged the attack by PortScan has a conditional distribution compared with DDoS.
Optical Film Damage Classification Based on Neural Network
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Su Junhong , Huang Wenbo , Zhou Gaohan , Li Yuan
Published: February 2022

Traditional machine learning requires users to have a strong ability to control features and distance calculation formulas, especially in the use of support vector machine SVM and nearest neighbor KNN. Traditional machine learning uses PCA in feature extraction will actually lead to Information is lost. In order to solve the problem of low optical film damage detection rate of traditional methods, a new method is proposed in this paper based on a convolutional neural network instead of traditional machine learning to classify CCD images with different damage degrees of SiO2 film and K9 glass. First, film images are collected by online CCD, and the proposed algorithm is designed to extract the image characteristic parameters of the film microscopic images, filter denoising, and run binarization to analyze film images. Second, gray values of images are extracted and classified by unsupervised learning. Finally, the film microscopic images under the microscope are analyzed. The experimental results show that the defect positions on the images can be detected after the images are detected and processed by a convolution neural network, binarization, and connected domains. The defective parts can be intercepted from the images, and the data related is saved for damage type determination. The average classification rate is over 99%, which is better than the traditional method by 9.1%. Therefore, it has a high application value.
Golden Mutator Recommendation Based on Mutation Pattern Mining
Authors: Gong Dan , Wang Tiantian , Su Xiaohong
Published: February 2022

Mutation testing is widely used in the research of evaluation and optimization of test set quality, and has been paid attention to the study of bug localization and fixing. But one inherent problem of mutation testing is huge computation cost. Selective mutation is an important method to reduce mutation testing cost. However, the existing selective mutation researches indicate that there is no universal selection strategy. This paper proposes a method which integrates with historical software data mining to recommend suitable mutator for program under test. The basic idea of the method is in the software version control system, any pair of nonfixed and post-fixed programs can be original program and mutant of each other. The edit performed during bug fixing contains mutators, and such mutator can guide buggy program to correct program, hence it is called Golden Mutator. The basic method is to compare the buggy files and the corresponding fixed files in the version control system, obtain historical faulty statements and their fix editing operations, thereby accumulating the bug-fix instance base, and then mining mutation patterns from it. Before mutating the target statement, we first find out faulty instances similar to the target statement, and use their fixing edits to match with the mutation pattern, so as to get the golden mutator applicable to the target statement. This paper uses Defects4j dataset in the test, verifies the accuracy of the proposed recommendation method, and further uses the method in bug localization. Compared to fixedly selected mutators, when applying the golden mutator recommended by using the proposed method, the average accuracy of bug localization is higher.
Construction of English Pronunciation Judgment and Detection Model Based on Deep Learning Neural Networks Data Stream Fusion
Authors: Shi Yi , Ko Young Chun
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the defects of pronunciation errors and limited collection of pronunciation data resources in traditional artificial neural networks, an English pronunciation judgment and detection model based on deep learning neural networks data stream fusion is proposed. Taking Chinese English pronunciation as the research object, three groups of phonetic data were selected as experimental auxiliary data, based on the convolutional neural network, through the preset reset of the pronunciation detection system of the model, the sampling and recognition extraction of the speech system, the wrong speech detection and the feature analysis of the multi-level data stream tandem, the experiments are carried out with CU-CHLOE language learning database, WSJ1 database and 863 Mandarin database. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of this model is higher than that of the traditional neural network model, the accuracy of error type diagnosis is significantly improved, and its noise robustness is the best.
Text Representation Model for Multiple Language Forms in Spoken Chinese Expression
Authors: Hu Miao , Peng Junjie , Zhang Wenqiang , Hu Jingxiang , Qi Lizhe , Zhang Huanxiang
Published: February 2022

Mixture of multiple language forms in spoken Chinese is a common but unfavorable issue.. It increases the difficulty of intent understanding and leads to inconvenience for information communication. Existing studies on intent recognition mainly focus on single language form or parallel multilingual language while paying little attention to spoken texts including multiple language forms. In considering that it is hard to capture the semantics of an expression with multiple language forms, it is important to study the problem. To solve this issue, a text representation model for the spoken Chinese expression mixed with English and Chinese Pinyin is proposed. And the feature matrix is built to mine the composition information of English and Pinyin. Besides, the model can efficiently distinguish English from Chinese Pinyin even though both fragments are composed of English letters. Meanwhile, it can effectively process the problem of hidden text information since the problem has been transformed into the Chinese translation task of English and Pinyin. In addition, to verify the performance of the model, the texts processed by this model are used as the input of the classifier. extensive experiments on a large online logistics manual customer service corpus show that this text representation model is correct and effective. It can not only eliminate the obstacles of the mixing of multiple language forms but also bring better results for intent understanding.
Conformance Between Choreography and Collaboration in BPMN Involving Multi-Instance Participants
Authors: Xiong Tianhong , Pan Maolin , Yu Yang , Lou Dingjun
Published: February 2022

AI-based process model analysis has attracted more and more interest. Model quality is crucial for such research. At present, inter-organizational business process (IOBP) has been widely used in the model design and development of the distributed system. Before implementing the intelligent analysis of the IOBP model, conformance as a foundation for model quality checking plays a key role because it ensures in advance that the participants can successfully interact without violating the global communication constraints imposed by the choreography. In fact, the multi-instance participant is a common requirement in IOBP. This paper provides a formal approach and framework supporting the conformance between BPMN choreography and collaboration while considering multi-instance participants and message communication modes. As a core, the formalization proposed is based on BNF syntax and structured CSP# processes. It can well support multi-instance features and multiple communication modes. Combined with CSP#, the formal definitions of communication modes and verification properties are given. On this basis, an integrated framework is provided to support automated formal verification referring to multiple communication modes. Finally, a set of experiments is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal.
High Dimensional Convolution Acceleration via Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Du Xinyu , Gu Zichen , Dai Longquan , Tang Jinhui
Published: February 2022

The high-dimensional convolution, in either linear or nonlinear form, has been employed in a wide range of computer vision solutions due to its beneficial smoothing property. However, its full-kernel implementation is extremely slow. We do need a fast algorithm for this important operation. To solve this problem, we propose an acceleration pipeline assembled by three steps: [Formula: see text]-D nonlinear convolution [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-D linear convolution [Formula: see text] 1-D dimensional convolution [Formula: see text] 1-D recursive box filter. Thanks to the low computational complexity of box filtering, we speed up the computation significantly. Roughly speaking, our contribution is two-fold: (1) establishing the connection between the high-dimensional convolution acceleration algorithm and tensor decomposition; (2) propose total four acceleration technologies including demultiplexing–blurring–multiplexing framework, convolution decomposition, periodic tensorization and recursively box filtering to compose our acceleration pipeline under the line of the above connection. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated in various comparisons and experiments. The running times of various applications are largely shortened from several minutes to fewer seconds or less.
On metric Leibniz algebras and deformations
Authors: Fialowski Alice , Mandal Ashis
Published: February 2022

In this note, we consider low-dimensional metric Leibniz algebras with an invariant inner product over the complex numbers up to dimension 5. We study their deformations, and give explicit formulas for the cocycles and deformations. We identify among those the metric deformations.
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE GREY RELATIONAL APPROACH AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS ON OPTIMIZATION OF DRILLING PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR GLARE FIBER METAL LAMINATES
Authors: LOGESH K. , MOSHI A. ARUL MARCEL , BHARATHI S. R. SUNDARA , HARIHARASAKTHISUDHAN P.
Published: February 2022

Fiber metal laminates (FML) are used in outer covering of the fuselage skin structure. The thrust force and the torque generated during drilling process affect the quality of the holes on the structure. The magnitude of cutting forces is controlled by optimizing the drilling process parameters. In this study, the influence of drilling parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and the weight percentage of layered double hydroxides (LDH) in the binder epoxy on the thrust force and torque during drilling operation was studied. The experiments were designed based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The Gray Relational Analysis was used as multi-objective optimization tool for finding the optimal combination of process parameters. The spindle speed was identified as the most influencing process parameter to affect the drill quality in the FMLs. SEM images taken on the drilled specimens for the best and worst input parameter settings were compared and discussed. The regression models were generated to predict the output response values within the range of actual experiments.
SIMULATION STUDY ON THE TUBULAR MICROREACTOR FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY STEAM REFORMING OF METHANOL
Authors: YUAN ZHANPENG , CHEN XUEYE
Published: February 2022

In order to reduce the carbon emissions of fuel vehicles, hydrogen has received extensive attention as a new clean energy. In this paper, a packed-bed microreactor for hydrogen production from methanol steam is designed for use in hydrogen fuel cells. By considering the heating gas velocity in the heating tubes, the inlet temperature of the microreactor, the size and number of heating tubes, inlet pressure, pellet porosity and thermal conductivity, parameters such as methanol conversion rates and hydrogen concentration were evaluated. First, the rate at which the gas is heated has a great influence on the reaction results. Choosing a larger heating gas velocity leads to an increase in the temperature inside the microreactor, thereby increasing the CH3OH conversion, resulting in a higher H2 concentration at the outlet. Changing the inlet temperature of the microreactor affects the reaction speed, but has little effect on the H2 concentration at the outlet. By studying the radius and number of heating tubes, we selected three different sets of data to compare the conversion rate of reactants and the concentration of products, and finally determined the optimal parameters as R = 4 mm and N = 8. Second, the inlet pressure has little effect on the H2 concentration at the outlet, but has a significant effect on the reaction speed. Particle porosity has no effect on the reaction results. Finally, the larger the thermal conductivity, the higher the temperature in the microreactor, which is more conducive to the reaction.
Modules with chain condition on uncountably generated submoduled
Authors: Davoudian Maryam
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study modules with chain condition on uncountably generated submodules. We show that if an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] satisfies the ascending chain condition on uncountably generated submodules, then its Goldie dimension is less than or equal to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the first uncountable cardinal number. We also show that if a quotient finite dimensional module [Formula: see text] satisfies the ascending chain condition on uncountably generated submodules, then it has Noetherian dimension and its Noetherian dimension is less than or equal to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the first uncountable ordinal number. We also investigate that if a quotient finite dimensional module [Formula: see text] satisfies the descending chain condition on uncountably generated submodules, then [Formula: see text] has Krull dimension and its Krull dimension may be any ordinal number [Formula: see text].
Dynamo chiral plasma instabilities from charges and oscillations driven by torsion fluctuations
Authors: Garcia de Andrade L. C.
Published: February 2022

Recently, Barrow et al. showed that chaotic dynamical systems may be obtained from small fluctuations of torsion in cosmological plasmas. Following this idea our goal in this paper is to show analytically that torsion fluctuations in primordial plasmas induce chiral fluctuations, magnetic field fluctuations, dynamo plasma instabilities, as well as rapid oscillations in the chiral plasma. These phenomena are important in plasma relaxation to allow for a plasma dynamo instability to induce a lower electric voltage in plasmas. This phenomenon is induced in Minkowskian plasma physics, but to our knowledge it is proved for the first time in Einstein–Cartan sort of cosmology. In cosmological models where torsion gravity and electromagnetic fields are non-minimally coupled, dynamo instability is obtained when conductivity fluctuations are driven by torsion. Moreover, symmetry breaking of plasmas is shown here to be obtained from conductivity torsion fluctuations, which serves to bypass Zeldovich anti-dynamo theorem, inducing a dynamo onset, as shown recently in domain planar walls [L. Garcia de Andrade, Einstein–Cartan spin-polarised nucleons in domain wall dynamos, Ann Phys. (N.Y.) 432 (2021) 168558.]. Moreover, chiral charge fluctuations are shown to be induced by torsion fluctuations. It is shown that chiral charges may vanish, whereas the effective chiral charges may be driven by torsional fluctuations. It is also shown that dynamo electric field induces a magnetic helicity which oscillates and dynamo action is shown to dominate oscillations. This agrees with the results obtained from loop voltage. Chiral effective charges’ fluctuations are derived to be proportional to the product of anisotropic conductivity and magnetic field fluctuations.
The Problem of Wedge Indenter with Flat-Rounded Bottom Indenting Half-Plane Elastic Body
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Ting , Han Yanhui , He Yanqing , Fu Chunqing
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the problem of a wedge indenter with flat-rounded bottom indenting an infinite half-plane elastic body is solved. It can be used to study the penetration force or the surface stress distribution of the cutter when the tool intrudes into an elastic body. First, a first-order continuity method is proposed to eliminate the stress singularity caused by the sharp corners of the wedge indenter with flat bottom. The two-dimensional elastic contact problem is transformed into a Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problem with discontinuous coefficients expressed in the form of complex variables. For the frictionless contact problem, the explicit analytical solution is obtained for contact stress on the half-plane surface. Furthermore, the expression of the stress potential function is also derived to solve the stress field in the half-plane. Verification indicates that the wedge indenter with flat-rounded bottom can degenerate to several well-studied shaped indenters, including the Hertz model and flat-rounded model. The model in this paper is also validated with its numerical counterpart built in the finite element program LS-DYNA. Finally, the sensitivity of different configuration parameters on the normal contact stress and interior stress field in numerical model was investigated.
On the Vibration, Buckling and Dynamic Stability of Three-Directional Functionally Graded Circular Cylindrical Tubes with Consideration of Higher-Order Beam Theory
Authors: Tang Ye , Ma Zhi-Sai , Ding Qian
Published: February 2022

In view of engineered structures such as those of advanced aircraft and space shuttles are often required to withstand multidirectional loads. We present three-directional (3D) functionally graded materials (FGMs) to reconstruct circular cylindrical tubes placed on an elastic foundation, and the buckling, dynamic and stability behaviors are investigated. In contrast with those of unidirectional and bidirectional FGMs, the material properties of 3D FGMs are designed to vary continuously and smoothly in three directions to fulfill multifunctional requirements. Considering the higher-order beam theory, Hamilton’s principle is adopted to establish the governing equations with variable coefficients of the 3D FGMs tubes. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used to predict the statics and dynamics. Numerical simulations are performed to obtain the effects of physical parameters, such as the 3D FGM indexes, on the natural frequency, buckling load and stability regions in detail. The results show that the mechanical behaviors of the circular cylindrical tubes can be easily tuned by introducing 3D FGMs, demonstrating that 3D FGMs have more potential than one-directional and two-directional FGMs in terms of improving the load-bearing capacity of structures and optimizing those structures.
Proposed theorems for lifts of the extended almost complex structures on the complex manifold
Authors: Khan Mohammad Nazrul Islam
Published: February 2022

It is well known that the tensor field [Formula: see text] of type [Formula: see text] on the manifold [Formula: see text] is an almost complex structure if [Formula: see text] is an identity tensor field and the manifold [Formula: see text] is called the complex manifold. LetkM be the [Formula: see text] order extended complex manifold of the manifold [Formula: see text]. A tensor field [Formula: see text] onkM is called extended almost complex structure if [Formula: see text]. This paper aims to study the higher order complete and vertical lifts of the extended almost complex structures on an extended complex manifoldkM. The proposed theorems on the Nijenhuis tensor of an extended almost complex structure [Formula: see text] on the extended complex manifoldkM are proved. Also, a tensor field [Formula: see text] of type [Formula: see text] is introduced and shows that it is an extended almost complex structure. Furthermore, the Lie derivative concerning higher-order lifts is studied and basic results on the almost analytic complex vector concerning an extended almost complex structure onkM are investigated. Finally, for more detailed explanation and better understanding a tensor field [Formula: see text] of type [Formula: see text] is introduced onkM, proving that it is a metallic structure onkM. A study of a golden structure, which is a type of metallic structure, is also carried out.