bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor in melanoma via regulating the activation of MKK/p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Rui , Lu Shun-Yuan , Ma Jin-Xia , Wang Qian-Lan , Zhang Lu , Tang Ling-Yun , Shen Yan , Shen Chun-Ling , Wang Jin-Jin , Lu Li-Ming , Wang Zhu-Gang , Zhang Hong-Xin
Published: July 2021

Background
Studies have indicated that RIG-I may act as a tumor suppressor and participate in the tumorigenesis of some malignant diseases. However, RIG-I induces distinct cellular responses via different downstream signaling pathways depending on the cell type. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of RIG-I in the tumorigenesis of melanoma.
Methods
We conducted RIG-I knockout and RIG-I overexpressing B16-F10 melanoma cell line, and further analyzed the RIG-I mediated change of tumor biology behaviors in spontaneous and poly I:C induced RIG-I activation status. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay, BrdU incorporation, Annexin V-PI staining assay and transwell assay, respectively. In vivo tumorigenicity was evaluated by tumor xenograft growth in nude mice and subsequently Ki67 staining and TUNEL assay. Furthermore, Western blot was utilized to explore the underlying mechanism of RIG-I in melanoma cells.
Results
Our data showed that RIG-I promotes the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation by G1 phase cell-cycle arrest in B16-F10 melanoma cell line. Mechanically, RIG-I could induce the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK and MAPK kinase MKK3/MKK4.
Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that RIG-I suppressed the development of melanoma via regulating the activity of MKK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which will be useful in the research of novel therapeutic targets for this malignant disease.
Raman Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Measurements of Dynamic Shocked MnFe2O4 Nano-Crystalline Materials
Authors: Sivakumar A. , Dhas S.Sahaya Jude , Sivaprakash P. , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Arumugam Natarajan , Perumal Karthikeyan , Arumugam S. , Dhas Martin Britto
Published: July 2021

Divalent ferrite nano-crystalline materials subjected to shock wave recovery analysis have received non-debatable attention among the materials scientists due to their outstanding contribution that has fueled the enrichment of high-pressure ferrites science which act as the focal-point of the current research theme. On those lines, we intend to provide the Raman spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4 NPs) at dynamic shocked conditions. Raman spectroscopic analysis has revealed the stability of the tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (B-sites) sites of Mn2+ ions as well as Fe3+ ions at shocked conditions. Cyclic-voltammetry (CV-analysis) and impedance spectroscopic measurements of shocked samples have demonstrated the electro-chemical properties of MnFe2O4 NPs whose electrical conductivity is found to be reduced while increasing the number of shock pulses. The consolidated results provide the solid evidence that the test sample’s crystal structure does not undergo any crystallographic phase transitions or mixed spinel states at shocked conditions.
Hansische Umschau 2007
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Phänotypisierung - Gesetzesentwurf eines grundrechtlich kontroversen Ermittlungsinstruments
Authors: Lehmann Julia
Published: July 2021

Mittels Phänotypisierung werden aus DNA-Spuren Rückschlüsse auf das Erscheinungsbild einer Person gezogen. Künftig soll die Phänotypisierung als Ermittlungsinstrument im Strafprozess eingesetzt werden. Gemäss dem Gesetzesentwurf könnte die Staatsanwaltschaft die Phänotypisierung zur Aufklärung von Verbrechen anordnen. Dabei sollen die Augen-, Haar- und Hautfarbe sowie die biogeografische Herkunft und das biologische Alter ausgewertet werden können. Die Phänotypisierung an sich und die Auswertung dieser Merkmale durch die Strafverfolgungsbehörden sind umstritten. Mit dem Einsatz dieses neuen Ermittlungsinstruments drohen Verletzungen von Grundrechten, beispielsweise durch Racial Profiling, Diskriminierungen aufgrund von Äusserlichkeiten und aufgrund von Datenschutzverletzungen. Dieser Gefahr ist bereits bei der Gesetzgebung Rechnung zu tragen. Der Grundrechtsschutz im Gesetzesentwurf sollte daher im Hinblick auf die befürchteten Verletzungen verbessert werden.

--

Le phénotypage permet de tirer des conclusions sur l'apparence d'une personne à partir de traces d'ADN. À l'avenir, le phénotypage sera utilisé comme outil d'investigation dans les procédures pénales. Selon le projet de loi, le ministère public pourrait ordonner le phénotypage pour résoudre des crimes. Ce faisant, la couleur des yeux, des cheveux et de la peau ainsi que l'origine biogéographique et l'âge biologique doivent pouvoir être évalués. Le phénotypage lui-même et l'évaluation de ces caractéristiques par les services de répression sont controversés. L'utilisation de ce nouvel outil d'investigation menace de violer les droits fondamentaux, par exemple par le profilage racial, la discrimination fondée sur l'apparence et les violations de la protection des données. Ce danger doit déjà être pris en compte dans la législation. La protection des droits fondamentaux dans le projet de loi devrait donc être améliorée au regard des violations redoutées.
Sustainable Agricultural Land Use for an Open Land Market: Prospects or Challenges?
Authors: Vasylieva Tetiana A. , Ziabina Yevheniia A. , Olefirenko Oleg M. , Nesterenko Volodymyr I.
Published: July 2021

The activities of state regulation in the field of land use have formed a number of environmental, socio-economic problems based on individual, regional and national interests. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the impact on sustainable agricultural land use, taking into account the new legislative challenges in lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land resources. This study focuses on the implementation of sustainable development goals, including goal 15 – conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and operational task 15.3 – restoration of degraded lands and soils using innovative technologies. Systematization of research in the field of sustainable land use has revealed the need for additional analysis and search for new ways to reform the land use sector, taking into account institutional and legislative changes, as well as the formation of carbon-neutral model of national economy. The purpose of the article is to identify prospects and possible threats to the development of sustainable agricultural land use in an open land market. To achieve this goal, the tools of comparative analysis were used in the work. The object of research is the land fund of Ukraine. The study period is from 2015 to 2020. The sources of statistical information were the statistical databases of the statistical organization of the European Commission (Eurostat), the World Bank and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The paper presents the mechanisms of influence on effective sustainable agricultural land use, taking into account the studied statistical information and today's realities. The conducted comparative analysis of the condition of agricultural lands and systematization of normative legal acts regulating the land use industry revealed a number of potentially possible problems. To prevent negative consequences in the field of land use, the authors propose a set of measures to stabilize the sustainable development of agricultural land use.
Social and psychological mechanisms of investigative media text influence on development of recipient’s aesthetic preferences
Authors: Stiekolshchykova Valentyna
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the problems of the investigating media text influence on the semantic, ethical, aesthetical, and spiritual benchmarks of the recipients. The investigator’s effective tools of form and text creation are presented. Emphasis is placed on meaningful techniques focused on meeting the needs and demands of different social groups, dissemination of investigative information, its rhythm and scale, and are determined by the nature of development and functioning of various social systems. It has been proved that the content of investigative materials is formed, taking into account the features and patterns of psychological influence in the range from the usual informing to edification, persuasion, and suggestion.
Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Antioxidant System, and Osmoregulation of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
Authors: Jiang Hong , Li Zhiyuan , Jiang Xiumei , Qin Yong
Published: July 2021

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (C. tinctoria) is used in composite tea material and has important medicinal functions. Soil salinization affects the growth and development of C. tinctoria in Xinjiang (China). Here, we discussed the changes in photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of C. tinctoria seedlings treated with different concentrations of NaCl [0 (CK), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mmol·L−1] for 12, 24, and 72 hours. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal inhibition rate (Ls) decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of NaCl. Salt stress promoted the accumulation of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline (Pro). A highly significant positive correlation was found between Ls and Fv/Fm; Ls and Fv/Fo; soluble sugar and CAT; soluble sugar and soluble protein. C. tinctoria was most sensitive to the concentrations of 150 to 250 mmol·L−1 NaCl, and its salt stress tolerance was increased by reducing photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, improving the antioxidant enzyme system, and regulating osmotic substances.
Yeast race effect on the quality of base and young sparkling wines
Authors: Makarov Alexander , Lutkov Igor
Published: July 2021

Introduction. A disadvantage of the ancestral method (la méthode ancestrale), which is widely used in the production of sparkling wine, is that it is difficult to control fermentation. We aimed to identify the optimal yeast race for obtaining high-quality young sparkling wines with varietal aroma without yeast tones.

Study objects and methods. Our study objects were base and young sparkling wines from Cabernet-Sauvignon prepared on various yeast races. Organic acids, sugars, and ethanol contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Phenolic and coloring substances were measured by colorimetric method. Foaming properties were determined by air barbotage of a wine sample in a measuring cylinder; sparkling properties, by measuring the CO2 desorption rate; CO2 content, by volumetric method; viscosity, with a viscometer. Sensory evaluation was carried out according to standard methods.

Results and discussion. The wines produced on the Odesskiy Chernyi-SD13 yeast race received the highest tasting scores of 7.82 and 9.05 points for base wine and young sparkling wines, respectively. They contained larger amounts of phenolic substances (1103 mg/dm3) and coloring agents (275 mg/dm3) and had higher color intensity (1.614). The panelists rated them highly on their complex varietal aroma and harmonious, velvety flavor, as well as their foaming and sparkling properties. This yeast race ensured intensive fermentation of sugars and a great amount of bound CO2 (up to 24.93%).

Conclusion. The Odesskiy Chernyi-SD13 yeast race is optimal for making base and young sparkling wines by the bottle method. This technology can be used to produce high-quality sparkling wines in the crop year by large and small enterprises.
Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)
Authors:   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation, Rakhmatullina L.R. , Suleymanov R.A. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation, Valeev T.K. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation, Baktybaeva Z.B. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation, Rakhmatullin N.R. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.
Analyzing health risks caused by contaminated drinking water (experience gained in Samara region)
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapayevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Sazonova O.V. , Sergeev A.K. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapayevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Chupakhina L.V. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Samara Region, 1 Georgiy Mitirev lane, Samara, 443079, Russian Federation, Ryazanova T.K. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapayevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Sudakova T.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapayevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation,   Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya Str., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Environmental contamination is still a pressing issue, in particular, contaminated drinking water sources and contaminated drinking water from centralized communal water supply systems, since it produces negative effects on human health. Our research goal was to estimate probable impacts exerted on overall morbidity in Samara by quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems as a most significant environmental factor. Our research tasks included taking and analyzing drinking water samples from centralized communal water supply systems; calculating carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks caused by analyzed chemicals. To fulfill the tasks and achieve the goals, in 2018–2019 we performed sanitary-chemical analysis of drinking water quality as per 20 sanitary-chemical parameters; our research object was drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems in 7 districts in Samara. Obtained actual data on contamination of water taken from centralized water supply networks in Samara were used as primary basis for calculating hazard indexes and carcinogenic risk coefficients using conventional exposure scenarios. In our research we revealed that maximum total non-carcinogenic hazard quotient was determined by arsenic and petroleum products introduction. Assessment of carcinogenic risks caused by contaminants in drinking water revealed that total health risk for children younger than 18 was within the second range as per its median; total carcinogenic risks for adults, within the third range. At the same time, arsenic contents did not exceed hygienic standards in all examined samples. So, we assessed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, basing on actual data on quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems. It seems vital to perform a wider-scale controlled study in several regions in order to assess significance of revealed factors for morbidity among population.
A system for creating healthy lifestyle in educational establishments as a way to prevent health disorders in children
Authors:   Penza State University, 40 Krasnaya Str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation, Vasilyev V.V. ,   The Penza Institute for Doctors' Advanced Training, a brunch of Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Occupational Training, 8a Stasova Str., Penza, 440060, Russian Federation,   N.N. Burdenko's Penza Regional Clinical Hospital, 28 Lermontova Str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation, Perekusikhin M.V. ,   The Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Penza Regional Office, 35 Lermontova Str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation, Vasilyev E.V. ,   The Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Penza Region, 3 Marshala Krylova Str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on morbidity among children that was examined as per medical aid appealability and prevailing behavioral factors among children aged 10–14 who attended schools with different systems for healthy lifestyle creation. In 2008, when a continuous system for healthy lifestyle formation was just being introduced, there were only slight differences in primary and overall morbidity among children aged 10–14 who attended test schools and reference ones; 10 year later, in 2018, primary and overall morbidity was substantially lower among children who attended tests schools than among those who went to reference ones. Primarily, it concerns such «school-induced» diseases as diseases of the eye and adnexa; diseases of the respiratory system; gastric diseases; diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the connective tissue; injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes. Data obtained via questioning that was performed among schoolchildren and concentrated on them assessing their health are well in line with official data on morbidity obtained as per medical aid appealability. Children from test schools estimated their health as poor much less frequently than children from reference schools; they were significantly less irritable, and bad mood was also not so frequent among them. Healthy lifestyle recommended for children included 5 basic components: fruit and vegetables should be consumed every day; sleep should b not shorter than 8 hours; physical activity was to be 1 hour a day or longer not more than 2 hours a day should be spent working or playing on a PC, laptop, or a smartphone; no alcohol intake and no smoking either. Assessment of this lifestyle revealed that a share of children who pursued it was higher in test schools than in reference ones; in the 5-6th grades, 18.7±1.62 % and 11.0±1.43 % (t=3.56) accordingly; in the 7‒8th grades, 19.2±2.09 % and 11.8±1.41 % (t=2.93).
Endothelin-1 as a risk factor causing cardiovascular pathology in young and middle-aged people employed under hazardous working conditions
Authors:   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, Umnyagina I.A. , Blinova T.V. ,   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, Strakhova L.A. ,   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, Troshin V.V. ,   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, Ivanova Yu.V. ,   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation, Sorokina E.I. ,   Nizhegorodskiy Scientific Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, 20 Semashko Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Our research goal was to reveal peculiarities related to changes in endothelin-1 contents in blood serum in young and middle-aged people exposed to occupational noise and industrial welding and silicon-containing aerosols with fibrogenic effects. Another goal was to establish a correlation between endothelin-1 contents and blood pressure, body mass, and dyslipidemia. We examined workers employed at a metallurgic plant in Nizhniy Novgorod region. Endothelin-1 concentration in blood serum was determined with «Endothelin (1-21)», a reagent kit for ELISA produced by «Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH & Co KG» (Austria). We detected certain group differences in endothelin-1 contents in blood serum and frequency of its elevated concentrations between workers who had to work under different working conditions. We established a direct correlation between endothelin-1 and blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body mass index. Elevated endothelin-1 contents in people suffering from arterial hypertension can indicate a higher risk of complications this disease might have. People who have elevated endothelin-1 contents but normal blood pressure, total cholesterol within physiological standard and normal body mass index can be recommended to have regular medical check-ups focusing on functional state of their cardiovascular system; endothelin-1 in this case should be considered a risk factor that might cause cardiovascular pathology occurrence. An individual approach is required when assessing elevated endothelin-1 contents and probable use of this parameter as a risk factor that might cause cardiovascular pathology in young and middle-aged people employed under hazardous working conditions.
Metal-containing nanoparticles as risk factors causing pathomorphological changes in internal organs tissues in an experiment
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. , Zemlyanova M.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Ignatova A.M. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1 Akademika Koroleva Str., Perm, 614013, Russian Federation, Stepankov M.S. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Koldibekova Yu.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Given wide spread of nanomaterials, it seems vital to estimate and predict changes in internal organs tissues under exposure to metal-containing nanoparticles that are risk factors causing negative effects occurring in critical organs and systems. It requires revealing objective procedures that can be used to quantitatively assess risks of pathologic changes in tissues that at present have only qualitative properties. Our research goal was to quantitatively assess risks of lung diseases occurrence in rats exposed to metal-containing nanoparticles (exemplified by nano-sized CuO) using image analyzing procedures. We examined toxic effects produced by nano-disperse CuO (45.86 nm) under inhalation (a single and 14-day multiple) exposure and oral exposure (for 20 days); the experiment was performed on male Wistar rats (60 animals). Exposed animals were divided into 5 groups, 12 animals in each (group 1, a single inhalation exposure; group 2, multiple inhalation exposure; group 3, oral exposure; groups 4 and 5 were exposed to bi-distilled water in a similar way, via inhalation and orally). When analyzing tissue images, we estimated first-, second- and third-order elements. Statistical significance of differences was estimated with Mann-Whitney U-test. Quantitative risk assessment (R) was performed taking into account probability (p) and severity (q) of pathomorphological changes in tissues. We established that pathomorphological disorders might occur in lung tissue taking into account identification of all elements in all images for all experimental groups; the probability varied from 0.16 to 1.2. The total risk of lung diseases amounted to 1.0⋅10-3 (average risk) under single inhalation exposure to a concentration equal to 0.001СL50; multiple inhalation exposure, 8.1⋅10-3 (high risk, oral exposure to a dose equal to 0.1LD50, 2.5⋅10- 2(high risk). Therefore, image analysis allows quantitatively assessing risks of diseases in critical organs and systems caused by exposure to metal-containing nanoparticles.
Risk of sensitization to ecopollutants in teenagers with inherited chemical burden
Authors:   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12a the 3rd micro-district, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation, Masnavieva L.B. , Efimova N.V. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12a the 3rd micro-district, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation, Kudaeva I.V. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12a the 3rd micro-district, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

At present allergic diseases are detected in 30% people and their frequency is only growing. A significant role in allergic pathology occurrence belongs to ambient air contamination and chemicals being introduced not only into children’s bodies, but their parents’ ones as well since pollutants can act as allergens and sensitizing agents. Our research goal was to examine influence exerted by parents’ pre-gestation exposure to chemicals on sensitization among teenagers living in an area where ambient air was contaminated. We examined overall immunoglobulin E contents and leukocytes migration inhibition test with formaldehyde and sodium nitrite in 115 teenagers whose parents worked under adverse working conditions at chemical and petrochemical enterprises and in 244 schoolchildren whose parents didn’t have any occupational contacts with chemicals. Each group was divided into sub-groups depending on inhalation chemical burden on schoolchildren’s bodies caused by ambient air contamination and contaminated air indoors (with hazard index (HI) for immune disorders being lower than 2 and HI≥2). The research allowed establishing that teenagers whose parents had worked at chemical and petrochemical enterprises during a pre-gestation period had elevated IgE contents more frequently as well as changes in leukocytes migration inhibition test with formaldehyde; it indicated there was sensitization to this chemical. Parents’ occupational contacts with chemicals led to an increase in relative risks of elevated igE contents and 2.5 times higher sensitization among schoolchildren with HI<2. Risk that sensitization to formaldehyde might occur was equal to 2.3 among senior schoolchildren with HI≥2 whose parents worked at chemical enterprises.
Restricted activity and negative self-assessment of health as risk indicators for latent disability analysis performed on population groups different as per sex and age
Authors:   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 56 a Gor'kogo Str., Vologda, 160014, Russian Federation, Natsun L.N.
Published: July 2021

A necessity to detect and assess probable latent disability makes the present research vital; it can be done using available parameters that characterize population health. Our research object was adult population living in the Russian Federation. Our research goal was to reveal a relation between self-assessment of health and health-related restrictions among respondents form different sex and age groups in order to determine latent disability among overall RF population. Previously Russian researchers revealed certain relations between disability and low self-assessment of one’s health. However, there was no profound study on an issue related to using such criteria as «negative self-assessment of health» and «restricted activities» used to reveal latent dis-ability. This aspect has not been examined in great detail in domestic research and it makes the present work truly vital. We took data collected via the Russian sociologic study performed within the European sociological study (ESS) in 2018–2019 as well as data from sampling studies on pop-ulation in the RF performed by the Federal Statistics Service in 2018 and 2019. To analyze a relation between self-assessment of health and existing restricted activity, we calculated Kramer’s coefficients for different sex and age groups of respondents who took part in the Russian sociologic study. Calculated Kramer’s coefficient values indicate there is an average relation between such parameters as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activity». We established that 7% of respondents who were not disabled still had health characteristics implying there was a disability risk. It was shown that use of such criteria as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activities» allowed more authentic assessment of latent disability among males aged 50–59 and women aged 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49. In future we plan to obtain more accurate results using data from other representative sociologic studies on population including regional ones.
Analytical review of approaches to providing safety when substantiating hygienic standards for chemicals contents in ambient air
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Shur P.Z. , Khasanova A.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

A necessity to harmonize Russian sanitary-epidemiologic approaches with international standards is fixed in the federal legislation in the RF; given that, it seems vital to harmonize standards for ambient air quality taking into account a period of their averaging. To do that, previously methodical approaches were suggested to substantiating average annual MPC of chemicals in ambient air as per health risk criteria. The research goal here was to make a review of previously applied and newly created methodical approaches to establishing average annual MPC taking into account an extent to which they were harmonized with international approaches and their capacity to provide safety for population. As per results obtained via the performed literature review, we spotted out key elements in methodical approaches applied in the RF and abroad when substantiating standards for ambient air quality taking into account chronic inhalation exposure; the further analysis was performed in accordance with them. It was detected that approaches applied to establish average annual MPC were partially harmonized since they didn’t involve using threshold levels (BMC, BMCL); use of results obtained in previous studies to establish starting points in developing hygienic standards does not allow taking all the existing uncertainties into account. It seems impossible to estimate their safety as per health risk criteria due to absence of relevant parameters. Methodical approaches to substantiating average annual MPC as per health risk criteria are fully harmonized. Thus, they involve using BMC and BMCL for determining starting points when standards are being developed; values for such starting points can be established, among other things, as per data obtained via analyzing results of previous studies and are also supplemented when it comes down to taking uncertainty factors into account. Safety of developed average annual MPC is provided, among other things, due to obtained standards being verified as per acceptable (permissible) risk criteria. Given that, they can be used for developing harmonized average annual MPC.
COVID-19: neurological sequelae
Authors:   Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA, Spencer P.S. , Román G. ,   Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Buguet A. ,   University Claude-Bernard Lyon-1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France, Guekht A. ,   Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center named after Z.P. Solovyov, 43 Donskaya Str., 115419, Moscow, Russian Federation, Reis J. ,   Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France and Association RISE, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France
Published: July 2021

COVID-19, the human primarily respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, commonly involves the nervous system, the effects of which may persist for many months. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 include relapsing and remitting neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that can affect children and adults, including those who had mild acute illness. Since longer-term adverse effects on the central and peripheral nervous system of COVID-19 cannot be excluded, patient and societal health trends should be monitored going forward. Urgent present needs include not only global immunization against SARS-CoV-2 but also the reestablishment of lapsed mass vaccination programs to prevent resurgence of other viral diseases (e.g., measles, polio) that can impact the nervous system.
Endüstri 4.0'ın Turizm Alanındaki Kavramları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Özışık Yapıcı Olcay , Yıldırım Gülsün
Published: July 2021

Bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ve Endüstri 4.0 ile turizmde akıllı turizm, dijital turizm, turizm 4.0 alan yazında sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kavramlarla ilgili farklı tanımlar yapılmakta, zaman zaman birbiri yerine kullanılmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada turizmde ortaya çıkan bu kavramların tam olarak neyi ifade ettiği, söz konusu kavramlar kapsamında kullanılan teknolojilerin neler olduğu ve bu kavramlar arasındaki farklılıkların neler olduğu araştırılmak istenmiştir. Araştırmada konuyla ilgili alan yazın taranmış, söz konusu kavramlarla ilgili bilgiler ve karşılaştırmalar tablo şeklinde sunulmuştur. Teknolojik gelişmelerle ortaya çıkan bu kavramların birbirlerine benzerlik gösterdiği, bu kavramlar içerisinde benzer teknolojilerin olmasının yanı sıra farklılıklarının da olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Unveiling the Role of Cytochrome P450 (2E1) in Human Brain Specifically in Parkinson’s Disease - Literature Review
Authors: Shah Amna , Ong Chin Eng , Pan Yan
Published: July 2021

Background:

In recent years, the significance of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) has expanded beyond
their role in the liver. Factors such as genetics, environmental toxins, drug biotransformation and underlying diseases
mediate the expression of these enzymes. Among the CYP enzymes, CYP2E1, a well-recognized monooxygenase
enzyme involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances, plays a crucial role in the
brain concerning the development of Parkinson’s disease. The expression of CYP2E1 varies in different brain regions
making certain regions more vulnerable than others. CYP2E1 expression is inducible which generates tissuedamaging
radicals leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately neurodegeneration.

Objective:

Less is understood about the role of CYP2E1 in the central nervous system, therefore the purpose of the
study was to investigate the relationship between the expression and activity of CYP2E1 enzyme relevant to Parkinson’s
disease and to identify whether an increase in the expression of CYP2E1 is associated with neurodegeneration.

Methods:

The objectives of the study were achieved by implicating an unsystematic integrative literature review
approach in which the literature was qualitatively analysed, critically evaluated and a new theory with an overall
view of the mechanism was presented.

Results:

The contribution of CYP2E1 in the development of Parkinson’s disease was found to be significant as the
negative effects of CYP2E1 overshadowed its protective detoxifying role.

Conclusion:

Overexpression of CYP2E1 seems detrimental to dopaminergic neurons, therefore, to overcome this, a
synthetic biochemical is required, which paves the way for further research and development of valuable biomolecules.
Sulfonamide-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced In
Vivo Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sinisterra Rubén D. , Guimarães Pedro Pires Goulart , Viana Celso Tarso Rodrigues , Pereira Luciana , Gontijo Savio Morato Lacerda , Campos Paula Peixoto , Andrade Silvia Passos , Santos Robson A.S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. 5-
Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a conventional and most effective drug used in the clinic for the treatment of
CRC. However, the clinical use of 5-FU is limited due to the acquired resistance and systemic
toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity.

Objective:

Recent advances in nanomedicine are being exploited to develop nanoparticle platforms
to overcome resistance and therapeutic delivery of active molecules. Here, we developed 5-FU
loaded sulfadiazine-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (SUL-PLGA NPs) to be applied in the
colorectal cancer model.

Methods:

We assessed the in vivo efficacy of the SUL-PLGA NPs to enhance the antitumor effect
of 5-FU.

Results:

In vivo treatment with 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs significantly reduced tumor growth in a
colon cancer xenograft model compared to free 5-FU and 5-FU loaded non-targeted NPs. Treatment
with 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs also increased blood vessel diameters within tumors, which
could act in conjunction to enhance antitumor efficacy. In addition, 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs significantly
reduced liver mass and lung mass, which are the most common metastasis sites of CRC, and
decreased liver hepatotoxicity compared to free 5-FU drug and 5-FU loaded non-targeted NPs.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that the use of 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs is a promising strategy to
enhance 5-FU efficacy against CRC.
Ablation Therapy for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ifedili Ikechukwu , Mouksian Kristina , Jones David , El Masri Ibrahim , Heckle Mark , Jefferies John , Levine Yehoshua C.
Published: July 2021

:

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of electrical disturbance of the heart
and contributes to significant patient morbidity and mortality. With a better understanding of the
mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and improvements in mapping and ablation technologies, ablation
has become a preferred therapy for patients with symptomatic AF. Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI)
is the cornerstone for AF ablation therapy, but particularly in patients with AF occurring for longer
than 7 days (persistent AF), identifying clinically significant nonpulmonary vein targets and achieving
durability of ablation lesions remains an important challenge.
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE CRIMINAL LAW NORMS ON LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF DRIVING OR OPERATION OF CARS
Authors:   V.V. Kusakin Kazan Innovation University named by V.G. Timiryasov, Kusakin V.V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of Article 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for criminal liability for violation of the rules of driving or operating cars, the evolution of this article and the problems of sentencing under it are considered. One of the suggestions for improving this article is to change its sanction, which will eliminate the identified significant legal gap. The author conducted a comprehensive analysis of various aspects related to the criminal violation of traffic safety rules and the operation of military vehicles, and proposed the author's solution to the problematic aspects. The study used specific dialectical methods: comparative, hermeneutical, discursive, formal-legal, as well as some sociological methods: observation, methods of expert assessments and analysis. The provisions contained in the materials of the article can be used to improve the current criminal legislation and to develop explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in reviews of judicial practice.
CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN FEMALE CRIME IN RUSSIA
Authors:   E.N. Fedotova Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Fedotova E.N.
Published: July 2021

Female crime is always adapted to criminological science and society, which is associated, first of all, with the peculiarity of the social role of women, with the strict moral and moral requirements that are traditionally imputed to her. In addition, a criminological study on a particular type of crime reveals the clearest patterns in its dynamics and formulate targeted measures to minimize and neutralize the determinants that provoke the social and legal phenomenon under consideration. The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of modern female crime, the search for the main laws of its development, as well as the causes and conditions of its determinative, effective methods and methods of their elimination. When writing the work, the statistical method was used (when studying and analyzing the statistics of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia), the method of comparative analysis (when studying doctrinal and legal sources, retrospective statistical data), the formal-logical method (when formulating the conclusions of the study), as well as other nationwide and private scientific methods of cognition (deductions, induction, etc.). In the course of the study, conclusions are drawn regarding the state and dynamics of modern female crime in Russia, its distinctive features, and ways to prevent the crime being studied.
ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL ERRONEOUS DECISIONS OF THE COURT WHEN THE SENTENCE
Authors:   E.V. Bykadorova St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Bykadorova E.V. , Manilkin N.V. ,   N.V. Manilkin St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Boldyrev N.V. ,   N.V. Boldyrev St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the judicial practice, statistics and typical errors that arise when passing a sentence by a court of first instance, which led to the acquittal of a person who committed a crime; statistics of consideration of criminal cases by the courts of first instance; criteria for sentencing by the courts of first instance; analyzes the stages of the trial; examines the main points of correction of pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case; considers the list of grounds for ruling an acquittal; the structure and content of the sentence, the moment of absence of defense arguments in the sentence – by the appeal and cassation courts; the stages of cassation; the grounds for a guilty verdict; the procedural function of the court and the function of resolving a criminal case; the analysis in the final part of the article.
FEATURES OF FORENSIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TAX CRIMES
Authors:   T. B. Ramazanov Dagestan State University, Ramazanov T. B. , Yarakhmedov A.M. ,   A.M. Yarakhmedov Dagestan State University
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the concept and structure of criminalistic characteristics of tax crimes. As structural elements, data on the identity of the criminal, the place, time and conditions of committing tax crimes, the object and subject of the crime, and the reasons that contribute to its Commission are considered. The Central element of the criminalistic characterization of tax crimes is the method of committing the act. A brief description of common ways of evading taxes and other fees is given.
SPANISH JUDICIAL SYSTEM
Authors:   O.A. Derbisheva Donetsk Academy of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the DPR, Derbisheva O.A.
Published: July 2021

The topic of this article is devoted to the analysis of the Spanish judicial system, which developed in the late 1970s. The author of this article has studied the theoretical foundations and the regulatory framework related to this issue. The activity of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts is considered. Purpose of article – to determine the main features and characteristics, as well as to propose options for improving domestic legislation based on the research results. Methodological basis – when writing this article, general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used. In particular, the dialectical method as the main way of objective and comprehensive knowledge of reality, as well as the formal-logical method, including the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, systemic, comparative-legal, historical-legal and formal-legal approaches. Results of studies – using the analysis of scientific literature and foreign legislation, the main features and characteristics of the Spanish judicial system were determined.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SECURITY OF ADVOCACY
Authors:   V.V. Zaborovskyy Uzhgorod National University, Zaborovskyy V.V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical problems that arise of the use of information technologies by a lawyer in the course of their professional activities, as well as issues related to ensuring information security of such activities. The purpose of this article is to reveal the complex relationship between the need to use the latest information technologies (analyzing the legal nature of the most common types of such technologies) and ensuring an appropriate level of information security for advocacy in general. To achieve this goal, the author used a set of methods that are characteristic of legal science. So, the use of the system-structural method made it possible to formulate a general structure, contributed to the complete solution of the tasks. The dialectical method made it possible to reveal the essence of information technologies in advocacy and analyze their main types. The method of systems analysis provided an opportunity to comprehensively investigate the legal nature of information security in advocacy and identify possible threats to such security, and the synthesis method was used when formulating conclusions and other theoretical provisions.