bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Quality of Life after Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Azzawi Yara , Azhar Najia , Jörgren Fredrik , Schultz Johannes , Buchwald Pamela
Published: September 2023

Background:

Diverticulitis is a common medical condition that usually affects older patients. Antibiotic therapy in patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) has been questioned. Currently, there is limited data on the quality of life (QoL) of patients after AUD.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term QoL in patients with AUD and to assess if antibiotic therapy or recurrent disease impacts the QoL of patients.

Design:

Cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Setting:

Two teaching hospitals in Southern Sweden.

Patient and Methods:

The records of patients who were treated for AUD from 2015 to 2017 were extracted, and their medical charts were used to gather data. Three questionnaires (EuroQol-5 Dimension-5L, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, and the short health scale) were sent 3–5 years after hospitalization (year 2020) to evaluate the QoL of the patients.

Main Outcome Measure:

Long-term QoL measured by the aforementioned questionnaires.

Sample Size:

The original cohort was reduced to 509 due to death, duplications, and sigmoid colectomy. The final patient cohort consisted of 273 patients after exclusion of non-responders or patients who declined participation.

Results:

In the EuroQol-5 Dimension scale, 147 (55%) patients reported problems in one or more QoL dimension but only 4% experienced severe problems. The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index median score was 105.0 (90.0–113.8), while the median short health scale score was 4.0 (0.9–12.5). Among the patients, 76% were treated with antibiotics, but no differences were observed between the antibiotics and no antibiotics groups in any QoL score. Recurrent disease was associated with lower QoL scores.

Conclusion:

This study showed that 161 (59%) of the patients with AUD experienced QoL problems, with recurrent disease being a risk factor. Antibiotic therapy did not affect the long-term QoL of the patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these results, and future efforts should be made to prevent the recurrence of AUD.

Limitations:

Limited sample size, non-randomized study.

Conflict of Interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Perlindungan Hukum Pada Penumpang Perempuan Kereta Api Perkotaan Terhadap Pelecehan Seksual
Authors: Oktaria Dhina Setyo
Published: September 2023

Pelecehan seksual di dalam kereta api perkotaan terjadi di kereta campur antara perempuan dan laki-laki. Pelecehan tersebut dilakukan pada saat jam sibuk dalam kondisi kereta api penuh dan berdesakkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum yang tepat bagi penumpang perempuan kereta api perkotaan terkait pelecehan seksual yang terjadi di dalam perjalanan kereta api. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, karena didasarkan pada pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pemberlakuan Undang-undang No 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, secara spesifik mengatur tentang pelecehan seksual bersama dengan peraturan-peraturan lain yaitu Undang-undang No 23 Tahun 2007, Peraturan Pemerintah No 72 Tahun 2009, Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No 63 Tahun 2019, dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP dan UU No 8 Tahun 1999). Peraturan-peraturan tersebut dapat memberikan kepastian perlindungan hukum bagi korban, dan menekan perbuatan abmoral dari pelaku pelecehan seksual, di dalam perjalanan kereta api perkotaan. Dalam Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan terkait Standar Pelayanan Minimum Perkeretaapian dapat ditambahkan pasal mengenai perlindungan pada penumpang perempuan terkait pelecehan seksual di kereta api perkotaan.
Dampak Sosiologis Anak Dari Hasil Perkawinan Beda Agama
Authors: Muchtar Azmy Ali
Published: September 2023

Perjalanan panjang Undang-Undang perkawinan turut diiringi beberapa permasalahan, terutama dalam hal konflik antara hukum Islam dan hukum negara pada saat itu seperti diperbolehkannya pernikahan beda agama, umat islam diwajibkan untuk monogami, dan sebagainya. Pelaksanaan perkawinan beda agama memiliki dampak besar dan berimbas terhadap anak yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sinkronisasi antara hukum Islam dengan hukum negara dalam UU perkawinan dan dampak sosiologis anak dari hasil perkawinan beda agama. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat sinkronisasi antara hukum islam dan hukum positif karena UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan merepresentasikan hukum islam dan hukum positif menyatakan bahwa perkawinan beda agama dilarang, hal tersebut juga diperkuat dengan PP No. 9 Tahun 1975 dan Inpres No. 9 Tahun 1991 yang melarang perkawinan beda agama. Adapun dampak sosiologis anak dari hasil perkawinan beda agama yaitu anak tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai anak tidak legal. Berdasarkan Ketentuan Fatwa MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) bahwa orang Islam tidak sah serta haram hukumnya menikah dengan orang selain Islam atau beda agama. Sehingga jika terjadi perkawinan tersebut maka perkawinannya dapat dikatakan tidak legal atau batal, dampak lainnya ialah anak tersebut akan mengalami permasalahan dengan warisan dari kedua orangtuanya.
Jaminan Kepastian Hukum Dengan Maraknya Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Terhadap Karyawan Perusahaan di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kristina Della
Published: September 2023

Jaminan hak atas pekerjaan tercantum pada Pasal 28D (2) UUD 1945 bahwa setiap orang berhak atas pekerjaan dan upah serta perlakuan yang adil di tempat kerja. Hak atas pekerjaan merupakan salah satu hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat diabaikan. Maraknya pemutusan hubungan kerja di era pandemik Covid-19 menjadi suatu kendala dalam menjamin hak atas pekerjaan dan kepastian hukum para pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab Pemutusan hubungan kerja karyawan selama pandemi Covid-19 serta menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap karyawan perusahaan untuk menjamin kepastian aturan hukum selama pandemi Covid-19 dengan melakukan studi kasus pada PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan utama pemutusan hubungan kerja di PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk Cabang Cibinong adalah keterpaksaan adanya pandemi Covid-19. Walaupun disebabkan keterpaksaan, pengusaha tetap diminta membayar uang pesangon kepada pekerja sesuai haknya. Dengan harapan situasi yang dapat membaik, dengan kebijakan penerapan new normal perusahaan dapat segera mempekerjakan karyawan lama yang terkena pemutusan hubungan kerja.
Kedudukan Hak Waris Anak Yang Berkewarganegaraan Asing Atas Hak Kepemilikan Tanah di Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Sonia , Sulistyo Al Qodar Purwo
Published: September 2023

Sebagai makhluk social yang hidup berdampingan dengan manusia lain, status kewarganegaraan seseorang dapat menjadi jaminan perolehan hak dari suatu negara. Sebuah status hukum yang sah sangat penting misalnya terkait isu kepemilikan seperti kepemilikan atas tanah, warisan dan sebagainya. Tanah merupakan bagian tanggung jawab secara nasional guna mewujudkan kekuasaan tanah. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu terdapat kesempatan bagi WNA untuk memiliki hak terkait tanah yang ada di Indonesia. Fenomena ini merupakan latar belakang untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan dan menunjukkan konsistensi terhadap norma dan kepastian hukum dari ahli waris dengan status WNA terkait hak kepemilikan untuk tanah di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian yuridis normatif dan menggunakan sifat pendekatan Undang-Undang (UU). Selain itu, sudut pandang teoritis dari berbagai buku serta jurnal ilmiah untuk memberikan sebuah solusi terkait permasalahan tentang hukum yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini, menjelaskan bahwa WNA tetap bisa mendapatkan warisan namun mereka tidak bisa memiliki hak kepemilikan tanah yang ada di Indonesia, akan tetapi WNA bisa memiliki hak untuk tanah dengan status hak pakai. Terjadi peristiwa tersebut harus diperhatikan betul oleh Pemerintah dengan cara penguatan hukum terkait pertanahan sehingga WNA tidak bisa melakukan penyelundupan terkait hukum untuk memperoleh hak tanah.
Genome assembly and annotation of the Sharp-nosed Pit Viper Deinagkistrodon acutus based on next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Liu Lirong , Zhu Wenbiao , Wang Shiqing , Shi Minhui , Yang Shuhui , Lu Haorong , Cao Jun
Published: September 2023

The study of the currently known >3,000 species of snakes can provide valuable insights into the evolution of their genomes. Deinagkistrodon acutus, also known as Sharp-nosed Pit Viper, one hundred-pacer viper or five-pacer viper, is a venomous snake with significant economic, medicinal and scientific importance. Widely distributed in southeastern China and South-East Asia, D. acutus has been primarily studied for its venom. Here, we employed next-generation sequencing to assemble and annotate a highly continuous genome of D. acutus. The genome size is 1.46 Gb; its scaffold N50 length is 6.21 Mb, the repeat content is 42.81%, and 24,402 functional genes were annotated. This study helps to further understand and utilize D. acutus and its venom at the genetic level.
Negative Effects of the Urban River Pollution on the Environment and Human Health in Bangladesh
Authors: (Babu) Kudrat-E-Khuda , . Md. Riaduzzaman , Akter Tahmina , Akther Sumaia
Published: September 2023

Based on research findings, Bangladesh’s river water, crucial for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use, has long been in a terrible situation. There have been numerous instances of significant contamination in the waterways surrounding Dhaka city, including the Buriganga River, and in Chattogram city, including the Karnaphuli River, over the past 40 years. The existing data demonstrate that other urban rivers, particularly Karatoa, Teesta, Rupsa, Pasur, and Padma, are also in severe condition due to the disposition of huge pollutants. Contaminants flowing with the water have severely polluted the downstream areas of the rivers. High metal concentrations are frequently observed in river water during the dry season. In the Buriganga River and at certain locations in the Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, and Karnaphuli Rivers, the presence of dissolvable oxygen (DO) is nearly zero. NO3, NO2, and PO4-3 pollution has also occurred in many rivers. Most rivers have Cr, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, As, and Ni concentrations beyond the legal limit for drinking water. In contrast, some rivers have metal concentrations above the legal irrigation water limit. The majority of the rivers, particularly the peri-urban rivers in Dhaka city, Teesta, Korotoa, Rupsha, Karnaphuli, and Meghna Rivers, have significantly higher metal concentrations, according to sediment data. Metal concentrations in sediment are generally higher than USEPA standards in most rivers. Metal concentrations in fish and crops demonstrate metal bioaccumulation. The trend in metal concentration follows the order of water, fish, and sediment. It has been shown that crops irrigated with tainted water contain dangerous metals. The analysis of daily intake data on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances reveals that consuming contaminated food can seriously impact human health.
Process for the Reduction of High Water Content from Oily Sludge and Scum by Hot Washing
Authors: Zhang Le , Yan Longlong , Zhang Huan , Shen Zhe , Chen Si , Yu Tao , Qu Chengtun
Published: September 2023

The reduction of oily sludge and scum with high water content by hot washing and analysis of the main factors that affect the reduction and oil recovery rate of oily sludge and scum in hot washing were investigated. Best process conditions for the reduction of tank bottom sludge, refining sludge, and oily scum were carried out, which can make the oil recovery rate and reduction rate of tank bottom sludge after reduction reach 96.30% and 93.00%, respectively, the oil recovery rate and reduction rate of refining sludge after reduction reach 95.36% and 92.60% respectively, and the oil recovery rate and reduction rate of oily scum after reduction reach 95.92% and 93.60% respectively. After treatment, the oil content of the residue is reduced to below 5.1%, and the water content is reduced to below 59.0%. Oil content in the separated water is lower than 200 mg.L-1, and the water content in the separated oil is lower than 0.2%, far below the requirement of 0.5% in the oilfield’s crude oil gathering and transportation standard.
Recycling Practices of E-Waste and Associated Challenges: A Research Trends Analysis
Authors: Das Jit , Ghosh Arpita
Published: September 2023

In this fast-moving world, we use many electronic items daily to fulfill our daily work. Also, in the fast-growing economy, electronic items play key roles. India’s e-waste is projected to be around 18 lakh metric tons. According to industry sources, electronic trash will climb to almost 50 lakh metric tons in the next three years. According to government sources, only ten percent of electronic waste is gathered. These electronic items and batteries contain many heavy metals that are hazardous to humanity’s and the environment’s health. These heavy metals should be retrieved from the disposed of e-waste, so the resource can be reused or recycled, rather than continuously extracting heavy metals from the earth’s crust. In 2015, The “Initiative on Environmental Threats of Electronic Waste” was introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). This project is part of the Indian government’s ‘Digital India’ strategy. There is an immediate need to implement green supply chain management and resource recovery from electronics waste so that circular material management (SDG 12) & sustainability can be achieved. This article demonstrates the problems and presents E-Waste recycling procedures, Life cycle assessment of E-waste, and EPR practices, along with potential areas for improvement. The bibliometric analysis was performed using R-studio biblioshiny tools for the last 53 years and 1243 published articles to understand the research trends.
Chemical Pretreatment of Rice and Wheat Straws to Reduce the Recalcitrant Structure: Comparative and Kinetic Studies with Different Chemicals for Biogas Production
Authors: Kanaujia Nikita , Rawat Shalu , Singh Jiwan
Published: September 2023

In this study, a comprehensive comparison of two different chemical pretreatments of wheat straw (WS) and rice straw (RS) was made. The pretreatment was performed using piranha solution and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) to dissolve the biomass’s complex lignin and hemicellulose matrix to enhance its methane production. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopes (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, were used to analyze the characteristics of untreated and pretreated feedstock. WS and RS treated with piranha solution showed maximum methane yield (1234 mL and 1196 mL, respectively). The piranha pretreatment increased the methane yield of wheat straw by 2.37 folds and rice straws by 2.31 folds. The maximum VFA concentration was observed in WS on the 14th day in the piranha-treated sample, 1553.33 ± 2.8 mg.L-1, while in RS on the 21st day in the untreated sample, 676 ± 5.77 mg.L-1. SEM analysis of piranha-treated WS indicated a reduction in recalcitrant structure. Deformation of C-O, C=C, C-C-O, and C-H bonds in cellulose, hemicellulosic, and lignin as a result of chemical pretreatment in WS and RS was also indicated by FTIR analysis. The modified Gompertz model (MGM) and logistic function model (LFM) appropriately defined the degradation process and explained cumulative biogas’ kinetic. Pretreatment with piranha solution reduces the complexity of WS and RS, thus increasing methane production by reducing the retention time.
Analysis of Solid Waste in Hospitals of Lahan and Rajbiraj Municipalities, Madhesh Province, Nepal
Authors: Mehta R. S. , Adhikari R. C. , Bist B. B.
Published: September 2023

Hospital waste is a burning issue that severely impacts public health. This study in three big hospitals in Lahan and Rajbiraj, Nepal, for one year (2019 March-2020 February) aims to analyze some parameters that directly help waste management properly. Field study, questionnaire, and interview methods were followed. The average moisture content of wastes of all three hospitals was 55.79%. There was no variance in the three hospitals’ moisture content values of wastes (F = 1.89 P-value = 0.165 F crit = 3.284917651). The average temperature of dumped waste was 23.23°C, and the temperature of all three hospitals was closely associated (F = 0.998, P-value 0.379, Fcrit = 3.28). The average pH value of wastes from the three hospitals was 4.44, and it from all three sites was strongly associated (F = 0.0668, P-value 0.935, Fcrit = 3.284). There was no relation between income and types of waste production (ꭕ2 = 0.8, df = 4, significance level = 0.05), but there was a high association between the level of income and amount of waste production. There was a high association between the nature of hospitals and types and the amount of waste (ꭕ2 = 77.09, df = 4, Significance level = 0.05). In Sagarmatha Choudhary eye hospital Lahan, there was no significant correlation between the number of patients and the amount of waste (Correlation = -0.187889 at 0.05% significance level). Unique Hospital Rajbiraj showed a correlation between the number of patients and the amount of waste (correlation = 0.1183 at 0.05% significance level). In Gajendra Narayan Singh Hospital, there was a correlation between the number of patients and the amount of waste (Correlation = 0.3453, at 0.05% significance level). There was no association between the qualification of respondents and their responsibilities regarding the services provided by hospitals (ꭕ2 = 1.43, df = 6, Significance level = 0.05). It is recommended for better management and installment of modern technologies for waste management.
Plant Growth Promoting Efficacy of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Terrestrial Plants of North India
Authors: Patyal Urvasha , Kumar Vikas , Singh Manoj , Singh Kulbir
Published: September 2023

Enhanced crop health, which is crucial for sustainable agriculture, is facilitated by a unique endophyte or endophytic community that is frequently linked to a variety of crops. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics of endophytes can directly or indirectly boost crop growth. Endophytic fungi have been proven to create a high percentage of new compounds, making them a particularly potential source of physiologically active chemicals. In this study, we have isolated two endophytic isolates, i.e., Paecilomyces sp. (Isolate AT1) and Aspergillus flavus (Isolate AT3), from different host plants, namely Melaleuca citrine and Carica papaya. These endophytes have shown significant plant growth-promoting potential toward different assays such as IAA production, phosphate solubilization, amylase production, cellulose-degrading assay, and ammonia production. These endophytic fungi also exhibit visible antimicrobial action towards selected crop pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.). Additionally, these fungal strains are reported for the first time from these plants, as we have found no reports in the literature. The research aims to explore the growth-promoting efficacy of endophytic fungi to boost plant growth.
Study on the Experimental Conditions of Adsorption of Lanthanum (III) on Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Fu C. , He Y. , Yang C. , He J. , Sun L. , Sheng G. , Zhang X. , Wang L. , Li L. , Linghu W.
Published: September 2023

This paper investigated the adsorption properties of boron nitride materials for La(III), and the possible action mechanism was put forward based on experiments. Then the boron nitride materials were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR before and after adsorption. In addition, the effects of pH, the amount of adsorbent, the concentration of La(III) solution, and adsorption time on the adsorption efficiency were also investigated. It is found that under a certain amount of adsorbent when the pH is 7.0 and the concentration of La(III) is 40 mg.L-1, the adsorption ability of La(III) is the best. The maximum adsorption capacity is 201.45 mg.g-1. The adsorption kinetic data are in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. These results show that boron nitride has a good application prospect for removing and recovering La(III) in water and has a certain practical application value.
An Approach for Biodiesel Production from Blends of Azadirachta indica and Simarouba glauca Triglycerides by Graphene-Doped Calcium Oxide Catalyst and Its Comparative Studies
Authors: Chethan S. G. , Khan M. H. Moinuddin , Sreepathi L. K.
Published: September 2023

Over the past several decades, people from many nations have adopted and supported using biodiesel energy sources due to their accessibility and advantages in reducing CO2 and H.C. emissions to the environment. Today, biodiesel is recognized as a sustainable alternative energy source. Commercially, biodiesel was produced by converting homogenous oil treated with a catalyst like NaOH or KOH in Alcohol. These homogeneous catalysts are hazardous to the environment and cannot be recycled. As an alternative, this research article focuses on biodiesel production from a 1:1 blend of Simarubha glauca (Laxmitharu in Kannada) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) triglyceride via acid-base catalyzed transesterification reaction. The heterogeneous-based graphene-doped CaO was used as a catalyst obtained through the calcination method by doping it with graphene oxide by the hummers’ method. SEM, FTIR, and XRD were used to characterize the GaO-CaO catalyst. The results predict that the prepared catalyst yielded a high percentage of ASFAME (94.0%) and meets the quality as per ASTM standards 6751D.
Recent Advances and Sustainable Approaches Towards Efficient Wastewater Treatment Using Natural Waste Derived Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Haroon K. , Kherb J. , Jeyaseelan C. , Sen M.
Published: September 2023

Pollutants like arsenic, chromium, or other toxic heavy metals have the most dreadful impact on humans or animals and also become a threat worldwide. Introducing these contaminants into the environment is not just due to the chemical industry but also coexists in combined form in underground rocks, contaminating groundwater during breakdown. Epidemics are now largely blamed on toxic pollution in many different nations worldwide. The issue has gotten worse in underdeveloped nations, where metal contamination of the groundwater affects more than a million people. Different techniques are used to remove toxic pollutants from water, but most are expensive and energy intensive. Adsorption is preferable for removing contaminants such as heavy metals or chemical dyes. As nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be more effective as nanocomposites, we used an adsorbent of nanomaterial to use the adsorption approach. These materials have become more well-liked because of their useful applications and improved characteristics. Magnetic synthesized nanocomposites have magnetic properties, which become beneficial for adsorption as it enhances adsorption capacity. The insertion of the plant or aggregate waste material for nanocomposite synthesis inhibits the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms, preventing the material from getting infected if it is in the environment. In this review paper, we have focused on the green synthesis of nanomaterials used for water treatment.
Sustainable Alternative Materials to Concrete Masonry Partition Walls: Light-Weight Wall Panel Using Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) and Shredded Waste Metalized Film Packaging
Authors: Prado R. C. G.
Published: September 2023

The amount of plastic waste produced yearly is significantly increasing. Approximately 300-400 million metric tons of plastic waste are produced yearly. One of the dominant plastic wastes is a metalized film, a shiny, non-homogeneous polymer used in packaging that is considered the least recycled. Meanwhile, partition walls in buildings are traditionally made of concrete masonry, one of the most utilized materials in the construction industry globally, consumed yearly by about 11 billion metric tons. Because of the excessive use of concrete, the necessary raw materials are undeniably depleting, therefore demanding some alternatives. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one option that can be utilized as an alternative because of its remarkable characteristics better than that of the traditional. This paper proposed the utilization of PMMA in fabricating the hollow panel filled with shredded waste metalized film packaging resulting in the lightweight wall panel being used as an alternative to concrete masonry for constructing partition walls. After the experiment, PMMA produced compressive strength of 75.30-84.30MPa, a tensile strength of 52.00-59.10MPa, a flexural strength of 102.00-107.00MPa, and water absorption of 0.80-0.90%. Also, shredded waste metalized films add aesthetic to the panel and are complemented by the remarkable transparency of PMMA. In conclusion, using this lightweight wall panel instead of traditional concrete masonry partition walls will reduce plastic waste in landfills and the raw materials necessary to produce concrete.
The return of historical monuments removed from the territory of Ukraine after 2014. Problems of archaeological research in times of war
Authors: Arlind Kasa
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the research is conditioned upon the increase in the national consciousness of the Ukrainian nation, a new stage of the national revival of the Ukrainian state and consolidation of the Ukrainian people against the background of the full-scale invasion and occupation of Ukrainian territories. The purpose of this research is to explore the level of threat to the national historical and cultural heritage in Ukraine, including the temporarily occupied territories. The research methodology used in this work is a comprehensive combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of archaeological and cultural monuments, and the following methods: ascent, synthesis, analysis, comparison, and the axiomatic method. As a result of the study, the main regions of historical and cultural monuments in the temporarily occupied territories and in the areas where hostilities are conducted were explored. The research examines the competent opinion of leading Ukrainian historians and archaeologists on the main problems of archaeological research and the restitution of the treasures of Ukrainian culture temporarily seized by the occupier. The legal foundations of such restitution are established in the context of the main provisions of national and international humanitarian law. These circumstances were the prerequisites for the cancellation of the decision of the District Court of Amsterdam in favour of the Ukrainian party. It is substantiated that the position of the authorities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands does not comply with the statute of legal identity and independence of the State and ignores the inviolability of property rights. Although, in turn, the country is based on the declaration of compliance with international law on the legal immunity of the state and its property, as established by the 2004 UN Convention. The conclusions presented based on them contain updated scientific knowledge on the areas of restoration of a fair legal status to the historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian nation and bring to science relevant scientific and practical recommendations for improving the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of museum and archaeological science
China-US Relations in the 1940s - Early 2020s: Establishment and Key Challenges
Authors: Zheng Jinsheng
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the research subject is conditioned upon the deterioration of diplomatic ties between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. Clarifying this issue is, in addition, crucial considering the current unstable geopolitical situation. The purpose of the study was to identify the main stages of development of economic, political and social relations between the two countries and the problematic issues faced by the respective states. Methods used in the study: historical method, statistical method, systemic method, method of analysis and synthesis, comparative method etc. The chronology of China-US diplomatic relations was clarified, and the historical events that accompanied the development of the relevant relations were considered. The author examines the impact of these relations on the state of China-US ties, including the impact of World War II, the communist regime in the People's Republic of China, etc. In addition, the study includes statistics related to the so-called “trade war” between China and the United States. The main aspects of the Taiwan issue and the position of both the US and Chinese sides on this territory are clarified. In addition, attention was paid to the US and China's response to the Ukrainian-russian war, etc. The results of the research can be used by sociologists, lawyers and historians to write essays and dissertations. The data obtained can serve as a foundation for improving and enhancing diplomatic relations between the countries examined
Impactos do garimpo de ouro na bacia do Rio Amanã (AM-PA)
Authors: Ribeiro Marinho Rogério , Ribeiro Diogo Ferreira
Published: September 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos impactos da mineração ilegal de ouro na bacia do rio Amanã, situada entre os estados do Amazonas e Pará. A pesquisa foi baseada em dados disponibilizados pelo Projeto Mapbiomas entre os anos 1985 e 2020 e imagens da superfície d’água (sensor OLI Landsat-8). Os resultados indicaram redução de 40% da vegetação nativa (formação campestre), diminuição de 22% nos corpos d'água e aumento de 459% na área de garimpo entre 2010 e 2020. Além disso, a atividade de mineração ilegal de ouro pode ter resultado em aumento de 2 a 3 vezes na turbidez do rio Amanã em comparação com os rios Paracuí e Maués-Açú. Em termos monetários, ao longo de três décadas a produção ilegal de ouro nesta bacia pode ter resultado em um dano total de R$ 6,72 bilhões referente à falta de arrecadação de tributos, problemas de erosão/sedimentação de rios e desmatamento e degradação da vegetação nativa. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem análises atualizadas que podem subsidiar ações de controle e gestão por parte das autoridades públicas, especialmente os órgãos de fiscalização ambiental estaduais em relação aos impactos do garimpo de ouro ilegal.
Coverage, Placement and Impact of Quality Control and Assurance on Quality of Products in Zimbabwean Polytechnic Clothing and Textile Production Units
Authors: Satiya Queen , Ranganai Mberengwa Lois
Published: September 2023

This study sought to establish the coverage, placement and impact of Quality Control and Assurance on Quality of Products in Zimbabwean Polytechnic Clothing and Textile Production Units, using the qualitative approach. The population comprised of 103 Clothing and Textiles National Diploma students and 27 lecturers from three polytechnics. Stratified sampling was used to select 32 ND students and 6 lecturers who participated in the study. The study used a questionnaire, FGD and interviews as sources of data. Data was analyzed through the thematic approach. The study established that the component of Quality Control and Assurance contained very important aspects of quality management issues. The quality control component had a positive impact on the quality of products produced in the polytechnic CTPUs as it equipped participants with skills and competences required to produce high quality products that satisfy customers. One of recommendations is that the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation Science and Technology through the Higher Education Examination Council should reconsider the course structure and placement of Quality Control and Assurance component in the Clothing and Textile curriculum. The fundamentals of quality control in garment industry should be taught at National Certificate level as it can be a terminal course for those who do not wish to advance to National Diploma level.
Relation between Grade Retention and Disengagement among Primary School Pupils in Fuamah District, Liberia
Authors: Gbadeh Jolokleh Isaac , K. Wawire Chrispus , G. Kariuki David
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between grade retention and school disengagement in some selected primary schools in Liberia using the correlational design. a sample of 246 Grade Five learners was selected from five out of 12 schools in the Fuamah District through simple random sampling procedures and a self-constructed questionnaire was the source of data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlations. The study established that grade retention was somewhat prevalent in schools under investigation as some of the learners admitted to have repeated classes. The study further concluded that grade retention influences students’ disengagement with school. Therefore, it is recommended that grade retention should be avoided as it causes sad feelings to those who repeat the classes and leads to a possibility for some learners to disengage with studies. The avoidance of grade retention can be accomplished when teachers become creative in addressing specific needs of the learners, providing remedial assignments to poor performing learners as well as finding out reasons for learners underperformance and responding accordingly in a creative yet collaborative approach with parents.
Critical Exposition of Retrogressive Socio-Cultural Practices in Henry Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah
Authors: Koskey Jennifer , Amimo Catherine , Mooka Edward
Published: September 2023

Retrogressive socio-cultural practices are rooted in cultures and traditions and they directly or indirectly violate human rights. One function of literature is to highlight such practices and invite the society to reflect and change for the better. Henry Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah is a Kenyan novel approved for study in secondary schools in Kenya and was the basis through which this paper was done. The study adopted a comparative research design. The novel was selected purposively to examine how it interrogates retrogressive socio-cultural practices in the Maasai culture. Data was collected using a close reading of the text and was subjected to content analysis. The study found that four major retrogressive socio-cultural practices are highlighted in the novel, namely female genital mutilation, polygamy, patriarchy along with male chauvinism and early or planned marriages. These practices deprive women of their dignity and right to make decisions as individuals. They work by exerting control over women’s bodies and limiting their decision-making options within the social spaces. Some women have resigned to the status quo, having been socialized and oppressed for a long time. However, others, due to their young age and exposure to western formal education, assert strive to break free from these retrogressive practices. Ole Kulet envisions the possibility of women breaking free from these practices and finding a chance to improve their lives through education. There is need to sensitize women, men, children and communities on the detrimental effects of retrogressive cultural practices, especially FGM, and on the value of girl-child education.
Trends in Mentoring of Beginning Teachers in Government Secondary Schools of Rukwa Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mzelela John Lucas , Muchunguzi Ishengoma Johnson , Joseph Kafanabo Eugenia
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to explore trends in the mentoring of beginning teachers to enhance pedagogical skills in selected government secondary schools in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania. The study employed the qualitative research approach and the exploratory single case study design. Through purposive criterion sampling, the study involved 15 beginning teachers, 28 experienced teachers, and 11 Heads of Departments, following their roles and responsibilities of coaching, mentoring, guiding, counselling, supervising, assessing, and providing mentorship. The study further included seven heads of school and two District Secondary Education Officers, selected through purposive sampling. The study revealed that the effectiveness and achievement of mentorship practices in secondary schools depended on personal passion and commitment of both beginning teachers and experienced teachers. The positive regard of heads of schools and education officials towards mentorship triggered mentoring practices. The study recommended that it is vital for the ministries responsible to institutionalise school-based mentorship programs by releasing policies, enacting laws, and producing circulars and guidelines to enforce schools implement mentoring in specific and systematic procedures. The study also recommended that authorities should develop common assessment tools for assessing mentorship progress among beginning teachers across schools.
Impact of Baboons’ Raiding on Students’ Learning in Fringe Communities of the Shai Hills Resource Reserve, Ghana
Authors: Debrah Wiafe Edward , Hammond-Wiafe Patricia , Kofi Mensah Martin
Published: September 2023

The study researched on impact of Baboon’s raiding on learning in fringe communities of the Shai Hills Resource Reserve, Ghana. The study utilized the descriptive research design. The population included farmers, teachers, students and other residents who lives around the 100 m radius of the protected area. Stratified random sampling determined 250 residents. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions while quantitative data was collected through surveys and observation. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic approach. Observed activities of baboons included movement, socializing, resting and feeding, occurring at various times throughout the monitoring periods. Notably, feeding accounted for the majority of observed activities. The baboons spent fewer hours in the reserve during the daytime, most likely due to scarcity of suitable food, which is a crucial resource for wildlife. During school hours (between 8:00 am and 3:00 pm), the baboons interrupted the teaching and learning activities. Their struggle for survival, co-existing with humans in the same space for food and water heightened conflicts, particularly within the fringe communities of the SHRR. The study recommends that research and conservation efforts are necessary to mitigate potential conflicts between wildlife and human communities in the studied area. Challenges of wildlife-human coexistence call for further efforts in managing conflicts to address both wildlife and human interests.
CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE YOGVAHI EFFECT OF RASASINDOOR
WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ECLIPTA ALBA IN MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Yadav Ritu , Malik Swati , Singh Sandhu Balbir
Published: September 2023

Background
Hypertension is a growing problem in India and causes a significant burden on the health system. Well-managed and well-controlled hypertension leads to a better quality of life and reduces the risk of complications, which include coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. The disease hypertension does not have a direct correlation with any Vyadhi in ayurvedicclassics, so Vyadhi Pratyanika Chikitsais not found directly, and we focus on Dosha Pratyanika Chikitsa for the management of this disease. On the basis of a previously done experimental study, an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba (Bhringraj) is selected as an antihypertensive drug. In the literature, apart from VataNiyamak, hridya, sothahara and the neurine tonic action of Rasasindoor, Yogavahi(bioenhancer) action is also mentioned.Objective: To evaluate the Yogvahi ef-fect of Rasasindoor with an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba in the management of Essential Hypertension. Methods: 100 patients with Essential Hypertension having Blood pressure upto stage 1 according to the 7th JNC criteria for Diagnosis of Hypertension systolic blood pressure with a maximum limit of 160 mm of mercury and diastolic blood pressure maximum limit of 100 mm of mercury will be randomly allocated to two groups having 50 patients in each group.Group A will be given an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba 500 mg twice a day, and Group B will be administered with aqueous extract of Eclipta alba 500 mg with Rasasindoor(62 mg) twice a day for 30 days. Statistical analysis will be done after the last visit of the patient for the anticipative out-come.Results: We anticipate that due to the Yogvahi action of Rasasindoor, group B will show better control of blood pressure as compared to group A.Conclusion: Rasasindoor has Yogvahi (bioenhancer ) properties, so it can be used with various types of formulations, which can make the expensive drugs affordable and reduce the toxic effects by reducing the required dose of drugs in the management of different types of disorders.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF DASHMOOLADI NIRUH BASTI ( KALA BASTI) IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF KATIGRAHA
Authors: Nahar Priyanka , Srivastava Sanjay , Chauhan Sonu
Published: September 2023

Katigraha is a condition where the lower back region is affected with vitiated Vata Dosha and present with symptoms of pain (shool) with stiffness (stabdhata). In the present era, lower back ache is the most common problem of
all age groups. This condition is not life-threatening, but it hampers daily activity. Katigraha, mentioned in Ayurveda, can be co-related with lumbar spondylosis due to the similarity of clinical manifestation. About 60% to 70%
of the population is suffered from this condition.
Case Report - A female patient of 35-year-old came to our hospital having the chief complaint of severe pain in
the lower back region (Kati Shool) with stiffness and other symptoms such as difficulty during walking and sitting, tingling sensation B/L lower limb, disturbed sleep due to pain. Aim and Objective - To evaluate the efficacy
of Kati Basti with Kottamchukadi + Mahavishagarbha tail and Dashmooladi Niruha Basti, along with Shamana
therapy, is effective in the management of Katigraha. Result - Patient got marked relief in pain, stiffness, and tingling sensation, along with improvement in walking and sitting. We will discuss the detailed case study.
Conclusion - On the basis of this case study, Katibasti with Kottamchukadi + Mahavishgarbha Tail and
Dashmooladi Niruha Basti, along with shamana chikitsa, are effective in reducing the symptoms of Katigraha.
A PILOT STUDY TO COMPARE THE ASSESSMENT OF PRAKRITI THROUGH
QUESTIONNAIRE AND NAADI PAREEKSHA
Authors: Supritha Sundar Shetty , - Ramya , Purohit Rohini
Published: September 2023

Naadi Pareeksha is considered an important assessment tool in Ayurveda. It helps in diagnosis by understanding
the Dosha involved and also in the prognosis of a disease. It is a subjective parameter and is hard to quantify. In
the human body, the most constant thing is Prakriti, through Naadi Pareeksha we can assess Prakriti. Prakriti is
also an examining tool that needs to be understood before treating a diseased. In this study, an attempt was made
to understand the relationship between a standard questionnaire assessed by Prakriti and Naadi assessed by two
observers. Though there were few similarities, statistically they were insignificant. This study sheds light upon a
need to train Ayurveda students in this unique examination technique of Ayurveda which would help them in their
clinical practice.
A LITERARY REVIEW: STANYA (UPDHATU OF RASA)
Authors: Dhaygude Uditi M. , G. Topre Sunil , P. Bhurke Ravindra , Videkar Sayli , Jadhav Srushti S.
Published: September 2023

Ayurved emphasizes curing diseases as well as preserving one’s health. Ayurved mentions dosha-dhatu-mala, the
main triad responsible for creating disease when imbalanced as well as preserving one’s health when balanced.
Updhatus is one of the peculiar concepts described in Ayurved. The bodily elements responsible for the sustenance of life, derived from dhatus and performing similar functions as that of dhatus, but in a limited capacity are
called Updhatus. Updhatus are considered secondary to dhatus as they do not nourish any other entity in the same
body. Stanya i.e., breastmilk is said to be updhatu derived from rasa dhatu. The characteristic of the class Mammalia is the ability to produce milk i.e stanya, an externally secreted fluid designed specifically to nourish the
young ones. Explaining stages of life, new-borns are described as Kshirad and Kshirannada for the first few
months of their life. That's why stanya is the most important food for children since it not only gives them energy
but also helps them grow and develop properly throughout this time. Even during the Vedic Period, breast milk
was thought to be a complete meal for new-borns. The focus of the current review was on the idea of stanya, or
breast milk, as it is described in Ayurvedic literature, and its relevance today.
A CONCEPT OF SWEDA MALA IN SHARIR KRIYA
Authors: A. Giri Devashree , P. Bhurke Ravindra
Published: September 2023

The fluid element expelled out of the small pores of the body due to heat or other activity is known as Sweda. The
term Sweda means sweat or perspiration. The word Sweda literally means the element expelled out of the body
due to fomentation or heat treatments. It is one of three metabolic excretory products (Mala) like urine (Mutra)
and stools (Purisha). These are also known as Dushya (which gets vitiated). Excretory products (Mala) are important in human physiology. They are formed in routine physiological and metabolic activities in the body. It is
important to cleanse or purify the body by removing the waste. If accumulated, the mala has the ability to pollute
the Dosha and Dhatu of the body. Perspiration or sweating (Sweda) is important for removing waste formed in the
skin and maintaining body temperature i.e., thermoregulation. Sweda is basically the end product of Meda Dhatu
metabolism. This article describes the concept of Sweda in Ayurveda and contemporary sciences.
NASYA- AN INCREDIBLE BOON
Authors: Kaur Virdi Kamalpreet , Kumar Parveen
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda has its existence from the very onset of life on earth. It was a precious gift that was brought from
Devlok to earth as a fruit of hardships suffered by Rishi Bhardwaj. Ayurveda is as old as the first collision of cosmic material that gave birth to this universe, galaxy, and our solar system. Its practice since ages has made it perfect and versatile. Ayurveda has every cure for curable diseases; it has numerus drugs and their formulations and a
surprising knowledge of routes for administering those drugs and formulations. In today's era, we have oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, etc. routes to administer medicines but in ancient times of Ayurveda, the
natural orifices of our body i.e. mouth, nose, and anus were used as routes to administer the medicine. For diseases pertaining to the head and supra clavicle region, the nasal route was and is considered the best route. Administration of medicine, or medicated oils and Ghirt through the nose is known as Nasya. Acharyas have considered
the nose as the gate way of the head so Nasya pacifies the ailments related to the head and nearby region but its
use is not only limited to supra clavicle diseases it works wonders in certain other diseases also and many studies
have been done to test its efficacy in various diseases. It not only works at the local level but also various systemic levels and a glimpse of this is enlightened in this review article after screening and compiling information from
various ayurvedic texts and online data bases like pubmed etc.