bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GOT1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, encoded by GOT1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. GOT1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of GOT1 in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of GOT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Hình ảnh cây thảo dược giảo cổ lam
Authors: Núi Ốc
Published: August 2023

Bakhan 15-3-2023Giảo cổ lam là cây thuốc quý, mọc ở miền núi, ưa thích độ cao trên 500-600m so với mực nước biển. Người Trung Quốc biết đến loài thảo dược này từ xa xưa, và gọi nó là “thảo dược trường sinh”.
IER5L is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that immediate early response 5-like, encoded by IER5L, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. IER5L mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of IER5L in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of IER5L expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Usage in second language acquisition
Authors: McManus Kevin
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides an introduction to the volume by focusing on current questions about usage, learning, and their connections in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The motivation for this volume is that many usage-based approaches to SLA exist in the field and so this book sets out to critically review the conceptual and methodological foundations in several usage-based approaches to SLA. In doing so, the volume seeks to clarify common ground among different accounts and explore some of the ways that differences exist and what the impact of these differences are for the field. This goal is achieved by asking several contributors to critically review three questions: what is usage, what is the L2 learning task, and what are the connections between usage and learning? In addition to discussing these questions from several usage-based approaches (e.g., cognitive linguistics, conversation analysis, corpus linguistics, instructed SLA), this chapter introduces each of the chapters in the volume.
Giá chim cánh cụt bao nhiêu cho đủ?
Authors: Hoàng Vương Quân , Hoàng Nguyễn Minh
Published: August 2023

Một nghịch lý kinh tế đang xảy ra: Mặc dù không có cơ sở “kỹ thuật” nào để tính giá trị một chú chim cánh cụt, nhưng ta lại có đầy đủ nhận thức để biết, giá trị đó đang tăng rất cao và rất nhanh. Thậm chí, tới đỉnh điểm khủng hoảng khí hậu, có thể cái giá ấy bản thân sự tồn tại của chính loài người cũng chưa chắc đã lớn hơn.
Habitual Expressive Suppression of Positive, but not Negative, Emotions Consistently Predicts Lower Well-being across Two Culturally Distinct Regions
Authors: Yu Chen-Wei , Chang Jen-Ho , Haase Claudia M.
Published: August 2023

Habitual expressive suppression (i.e., a tendency to inhibit the outward display of one's emotions; hereafter suppression) is often conceptualized as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Yet, is this equally true for suppression of positive and of negative emotions? Across three studies and seven samples (total N > 1300 people) collected in two culturally distinct regions (i.e., Taiwan and the US), we examined the separability and distinct well-being effects of suppressing positive vs. negative emotions. Results consistently showed that (a) people suppressed their positive (vs. negative) emotions less, (b) the construct of suppression of positive (vs. negative) emotions was conceptually farther away from that of suppression of emotions in general, (c) suppression of positive and of negative emotions were only moderately correlated, and (d) only suppression of positive, but not negative, emotions, predicted lower well-being. An internal meta-analysis (k = 52 effect sizes) showed that these associations were robust to the inclusion of age, gender, and region as covariates. Future research may further probe the respective links between suppression of positive and of negative emotions and well-being across more cultural regions and across the life-span.
C1QL1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that complement C1q-like 1, encoded by C1QL1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. C1QL1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of C1QL1 in primary tumors was correlated with distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of C1QL1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Molecular Warriors: Targeted Therapy's Role in Shaping NeuroOncology
Authors: Khan Saad
Published: August 2023

Molecular Warriors: Targeted Therapy's Role in Shaping NeuroOncology
Social Media for Wineries: Building a Strong Online Presence
Authors: Dash Arjun
Published: August 2023

Social Media for Wineries: Building a Strong Online Presence
Quantifying the Green Shift: Urban Network Analysis for LowCarbon Community Development
Authors: Ali Zafer
Published: August 2023

Quantifying the Green Shift: Urban Network Analysis for LowCarbon Community Development
Surgical Renaissance: Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Resection through Innovation
Authors: Khan Saad
Published: August 2023

Surgical Renaissance: Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Resectionthrough Innovation
मणिपुर हिंसा 2023: हेड हंटर की वापसी और पूर्वोत्तर में औरतों की आजादी का मिथ
Authors: Ranjan Pramod
Published: August 2023

यह मणिपुर में 2023 में हुई हिंसा पर केंद्रित प्रमोद रंजन के रिपोर्ताजों का दूसरा भाग है। जो जनपथ पर 7 अगस्त को प्रकाशित हुआ था। जनपथ पर यह इस लिंक पर है: https://junputh.com/column/manipur-diary-part-two-by-pramod-ranjan/ इसका पहला भाग यहां देखा जा सकता है: https://doi.org/10.17613/rpgd-7745
Changing Water Supplies and Solutions to the Water Crisis: An Earth Systems Analysis of the American Southwest
Authors: Sriram Raghav
Published: August 2023

The pressing issue of water scarcity in the Southwestern United States has been a topic of increasing concern in recent years. To address this critical problem, this research-driven essay aims to conduct an in-depth earth systems analysis to evaluate the complexities and implications of water shortages in the region. The study centers on three main objectives: (1) identifying the underlying reasons for water deficits, (2) assessing the specific impacts of these shortages on the Southwestern United States, and (3) proposing potential solutions to mitigate the crisis.To achieve the first objective, a comprehensive investigation into the root causes of water shortages in the Southwestern United States will be undertaken. This analysis will encompass a multi-faceted approach, incorporating climatic, hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic factors. Through the utilization of advanced modeling techniques and extensive data collection, this research aims to uncover the intricate interactions between natural and human systems that contribute to the scarcity of water in the region.Subsequently, the study will focus on a case-by-case examination of the impacts that water shortages have had on the Southwestern United States. By adopting a localized perspective, the research will delve into specific regions within the Southwestern United States, enabling a nuanced understanding of the varying consequences faced by different communities and ecosystems. The analysis will encompass diverse aspects such as agricultural productivity, urban water supply, ecosystem health, and societal resilience to illuminate the multifaceted repercussions of water deficits in the region.Finally, this research will propose potential solutions to address the water crisis in the Southwestern United States. Drawing upon the knowledge gained from the earth systems analysis, a range of strategies will be presented, including innovative water management practices, conservation efforts, policy interventions, and technological advancements. By exploring these mitigation options, the study aims to foster sustainable water management practices that can serve as effective remedies for the prevailing water shortages in the American Southwest.The essay’s ultimate goal is to demonstrate the power and efficacy of conducting an earth systems analysis in comprehending and addressing complex water scarcity challenges. By shedding light on the intricate interplay of various components within the Southwestern United States, this study endeavors to serve as a valuable reference for scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders dealing with water-scarce regions worldwide. Emphasizing the significance of adopting a holistic approach in water resource management, this research endeavors to inspire further investigations and encourage the implementation of earth systems analyses in other regions facing similar water scarcity concerns.
New insights on feeding habits of Kolpochoerus from the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia) using dental microwear texture analysis
Authors: Louail Margot , Souron Antoine , Merceron Gildas , Boisserie Jean-Renaud
Published: August 2023

During the Neogene and the Quaternary, African suids show dental morphological changes considered to reflect adaptations to increasing specialization on graminivorous diets, notably in the genus Kolpochoerus. They tend to exhibit elongated third molars and some degree of hypsodonty, suggesting increasing consumption of abrasive grasses. However, the most significant morphological changes are observed more than 1 million years after the increased consumption of C4 plants, such as graminoids. To date, only a few studies have applied dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) to specimens of Kolpochoerus, which provides information on the mechanical properties of the diet, and therefore bring fundamental insights on the mechanical stresses exerted on dental morphologies. In addition, none has yet focused on specimens from the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia), which is the most complete Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene record in eastern Africa. To better interpret the dental microwear textures (DMT) of Kolpochoerus, we built a modern referential using four genera of extant suids with contrasting diets: the herbivores Phacochoerus and Hylochoerus, and the omnivores Potamochoerus and Sus. Our results show that their DMT reflect their different feeding habits. In light of these results, we then studied the DMT of 68 Kolpochoerus specimens from the Shungura Formation and dating from about 2.9 Ma to 1.0 Ma. Their DMT differ from extant suids, but some similarities with Phacochoerus are observed. In line with previous studies, we propose that their DMT reflect a high consumption of herbaceous plants (graminoids and non-graminoids), with preferences for young, low-abrasive grasses. Yet, while a high intake of such grasses is consistent with both the shift toward increased C4 feeding and morphological changes, more studies are needed to further understand the temporal offset between the two.
Stimulant medication and symptom interrelations in children, adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: van der Pal Zarah , Geurts Hilde , Haslbeck Jonas M B , van Keeken Alex , Bruijn Anne Marijn , Douw Linda , van Rooij Daan , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan , Lambregts-Rommelse Nanda , Hartman Catharina , Oosterlaan Jaap , Luman Marjolein , Reneman Liesbeth , Hoekstra Pieter , Blanken Tessa , Schrantee Anouk
Published: August 2023

Stimulant medication is effective in alleviating overall symptom severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet interindividual variability in treatment response and tolerability still exists. While network analysis has identified differences in ADHD symptom relations, the impact of stimulant medication remains unexplored. Increased understanding of this association could provide valuable insights for optimizing treatment approaches for individuals with ADHD. In this study, we compared and characterized ADHD symptom networks (including 18 ADHD symptoms) between stimulant-treated (n=348) and untreated (n=70) individuals with ADHD and non-ADHD controls (NACs; n=444). Moreover, we compared symptom networks between subgroups defined by their stimulant treatment trajectory (early-and-intense use, late-and-moderate use). Stimulant-treated individuals with ADHD showed stronger associations between symptoms, compared with untreated individuals with ADHD and NACs. We found no differences in symptom networks between the stimulant treatment trajectory subgroups. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to disentangle whether the identified differences stem from treatment or pre-existing factors.
Beyond normative and non-normative: A systematic review on predictors of confrontational collective action
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Saavedra Patricio , Drury John
Published: August 2023

This paper critically examines the normative vs. non-normative distinction commonly used in collective action research. To explore the similarities as well as the differences between antecedents of normative vs. non-normative actions, we conducted a systematic review on diverse predictors of non-normative, radical, and violent actions. We examined 37 social and political psychology studies published after 2010 and identified five recurring themes: identity, efficacy, injustice, emotions, and norms. Findings exhibited significant overlaps with those associated with normative collective action. Thus, a reconceptualization is needed to undermine the rigid boundaries between these action types, highlighting the intricate interplay of factors that transcend the conventional binary dichotomy. Aiming to avoid conceptual ambiguity and challenge the perspective that associating particular collective actions with unwarranted violence using social norms as fixed and a priori, we propose the term “confrontational collective action” to reconceptualize the normative vs. non-normative categorization. Through this reconceptualization, we discussed the main limitations in the literature, focusing on how studies approach normativity and efficacy, and addressing the issue of decontextualization in the literature. This paper calls for a contextually informed understanding of confrontational collective action that recognizes what is seen as ‘normative’ can change over time through intra- and intergroup interactions.
Neural signals predict information sharing across cultures
Authors: Chan Hang Yee , Scholz Christin , Cosme Danielle , Martin Rebecca Emily , Resnick Anthony , Benitez Christian , Tartak Jose Carreras , Cooper Nicole , Paul Alexandra Master , Falk Emily B.
Published: August 2023

Information sharing influences which messages spread and shape beliefs, behavior and culture. In a pre-registered neuroimaging study conducted in the US and the Netherlands we demonstrate replicability, generalizability, and predictive validity of a brain-based prediction model of information sharing. Replicating findings in Scholz et al (2017), Proc Natl Acad Sci 114, 2881–2886, self-, social- and value-related neural signals in a sample of individuals tracked the population sharing of US news articles. Pre-registered brain-based prediction models trained on Scholz et al (2017) data proved generalizable in the new data, explaining more variance in population sharing than self-report ratings alone. Neural signals (versus self-reports) more reliably predicted sharing cross-culturally, suggesting that they capture more universal psychological mechanisms underlying sharing behavior. These findings highlight key neurocognitive foundations of sharing, suggest potential target mechanisms to increase message effectiveness, and advance brain-as-predictor research.
Influence of Sample Size, Feature Set, and Algorithm on Cluster Analyses for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Cox David J. , Sosine Jacob
Published: August 2023

Researchers conducting cluster analyses on data collected from autistic individuals have identified two-to-seven clusters depending on data used. Given the spectrum nature of autism spectrum disorders, it seems unlikely only a handful of patient types exist. Past findings might be due to: smaller sample sizes, more focused variables used, or clustering algorithm used. In this study, we systematically analyzed clustering results from 48 combinations of four sample sizes (40, 395, 3948, 39475), three sets of clinically relevant variables (7 medical/diagnostic features; 31 behavioral features; 50 total features), and four clustering algorithms (agglomerative hierarchical, BIRCH, DBSCAN, k-means). Clusters identified ranged 2-to-100 with a median of eight and average of 20. Increasing the sample size led to no change in clusters identified (behavioral features), an increase in the number of clusters identified (medical/diagnostic features), or influenced clusters dependent on the algorithm (all features). On average, the greatest number and most well-defined clusters were identified with the medical/diagnostic features (58) and the fewest clusters were identified using behavioral features (6). Lastly, on average, fewer clusters were identified using the BIRCH (18) and DBSCAN (15) algorithms than agglomerative hierarchical (24) and k-means algorithms (25). In total, this study suggests that the patient sample size, specific feature set used, and the algorithm chosen for clustering will influence the number of clusters identified. The “right” number of clusters likely depends on how the information obtained through clustering analyses are practically used in clinical contexts.
Persistence outperforms delay discounting in predicting drinking severity in healthy adults
Authors: Miller Pazia , Kable Joe , Lempert Karolina Maria
Published: August 2023

Background: Alcohol misuse ranks among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Therefore, discovering measures that can predict hazardous drinking and vulnerability to alcohol use disorder is of critical importance. The delay discounting paradigm – which assesses relative preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards – has frequently been used as a proxy for impulsivity in substance use disorders. Delay discounting, however, does not capture how long a person is willing to wait for delayed rewards when arrival time is uncertain. In contrast, a recently developed persistence task measures how long a person is willing to wait for a delayed reward of uncertain timing before giving up. We hypothesized that performance in the persistence task would be associated with drinking severity in healthy adults, and that this task may even outperform delay discounting as a predictor of drinking severity.Methods: A delay discounting task, a persistence task, and the Alcohol Use DisordersIdentification Test (AUDIT) were administered to 241 healthy adults (n = 213 included in finalanalyses). Data were pooled from four laboratory studies. Zero-inflated Poisson regressionmodels were used to assess the association between delay discounting rate and AUDIT scores,and between persistence and AUDIT scores.Results: We found that persistence under temporal uncertainty, but not delay discounting, wasassociated with the severity of alcohol consumption among drinkers. Specifically, compared tolow-risk drinkers, hazardous drinkers were less willing to wait for delayed rewards when delayswere unknown. Neither measure predicted whether or not someone endorsed drinking at all.Conclusions: These findings suggest that persistence, but not delay discounting, may be animportant predictor of drinking severity. A lower willingness to persist for delayed rewardsunder temporal uncertainty may be a risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder.
Effects of Rhythm and Accent Patterns on Tempo-Keeping Property of Finger Tapping
Authors: Matsuo Yuki , Sakaguchi Yutaka
Published: August 2023

Tempo of music performance is often accelerated irrespective of players’ intention. Though the characteristics of the tempo deviation phenomenon have been investigated using a finger tapping task, most such studies dealt with tapping with a fixed interval; few studies considered the effects of rhythm and accent, both important factors of music performance. Here, we asked how different rhythm and accent patterns affected the tempo-keeping property using a synchronization-continuation task paradigm: Participants were asked to keep tapping with reproducing the given rhythm/accent patterns. Tapping tempo was significantly deviated depending on rhythm/accent patterns, but their magnitudes were only several percent in a hundred of seconds, much smaller than those in real music performance. Notably, the tempo was often deviated just after the transition from the synchronization phase to the continuation phase, suggesting that some cognitive/emotional factor may affect the process of tempo maintenance. We also ran experiments in the conditions that participants need not to reproduce the accent patterns but only feedback tones were modulated. These auditory modulations also induced the tempo deviation, implying that both motor and perceptual factors are involved in the long-term tempo deviation.
Using retrieval contingencies to understand memory integration and inference
Authors: Yu Wangjing , Duncan Katherine , Schlichting Margaret
Published: August 2023

Past work has yielded mixed insights into how people draw upon their memories to make flexible new inferences. Neuroimaging approaches have shown that memories can be combined during encoding to store never-experienced, inferential associations. By contrast, behavioural research has emphasized a retrieval-based mechanism in which separate, high-quality memories are recombined as inferences are needed. We hypothesized that there might be important individual differences to consider when reconciling these seemingly disparate findings. We set out to quantify these differences by measuring contingencies in people’s memory recall behaviour. In Experiment 1, we first compared the performance of three memory contingency metrics using simulations and data from a task known to induce dependency. In doing so, we developed a correction to remove biases associated with general memory performance to isolate the representational structure of memories, and we selected the highest-fidelity option—corrected Dependency—for subsequent analyses. Experiment 2 tested the sensitivity of our chosen metric: We manipulated the similarity across experiences to encourage integration for half of the memories. Consistent with prior work, we found that increasing the similarity between the two experiences yielded reliable recall dependency. Finally, in Experiment 3, we used memory dependencies to reveal individual differences in inference approaches: While indeed “separators” relied upon high-fidelity individual memories to make inferences, “integrators” made inferences just as accurately and more rapidly than separators, regardless of how well they recalled constituent experience details. Together, these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in memory representations when characterizing the mechanisms underlying flexible inference.
The Composite Method Produces High False Positive Rates
Authors: DeBruine Lisa Marie
Published: August 2023

Using a single pair or a small number of pairs of composite stimuli to assess the relationship between morphology and other traits is a common method in face research. Here, I use data simulation to demonstrate how this method inevitably leads to a high false positive rate, and how this problem is made worse by using a larger number of raters. I conclude by suggesting alter- native methods for assessing the relationship between face morphology and individual traits.
Effects of Trash Talk on High School Athletes
Authors: Lannes Hiram
Published: August 2023

Trash talk is a captivating, complex part of sports that is often overlooked. The purpose of this paper was to explore how trash talk affects high school athletes. 63 male and female high school athletes completed a survey containing both quantitative and qualitative questions examining how often they trash talked, how often they were the target of trash talk, how large of a role their peers played in teaching them how to trash talk, how often trash talk affected them in a negative way, how early they started using trash talk, and their purpose for using trash talk. Results revealed that high school athletes trash talk often, and they use it with a specific purpose (hinder their opponent’s performance/improve their own performance). They start using it from an early age (pre-adolescence), and they learn it primarily thanks to their teammates, parents, coaches, and professionals. Furthermore, trash talk experiences differ between gender, age, and sport played. Males, older athletes, and contact sport athletes have more experience trash talking than females, younger athletes, and non-contact sport athletes, respectively. Trash talk affects high school athletes in a negative way both on and off the field. Thus, trash talk has reached a level of normative acceptance and has both immediate and long-lasting negative effects on high school athletes, and it may harm their mental health. Competition in sport is now more than merely physical; trash talk enhances the mental component of sports beyond what it is thus far.
Does personal relative deprivation mediate the relationship between passive social media use and beliefs in conspiracy theories? Cross-sectional correlational and experimental evidence
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos , Pagliaro Stefano , pacilli maria giuseppina , Bilewicz Michał , Teresi Manuel , Ballone Chiara
Published: August 2023

Social media use occupies a prominent space in social sciences scholarship and beyond. However, the distinction between active and passive use of social media, although important in explaining a variety of users’ behaviors, has been overlooked in terms of its potential to predict key socially relevant outcomes like beliefs in conspiracy theories. In three studies (N = 1388, in total), we provide evidence on (a) the role of passive social media use in believing in conspiracy theories via personal relative deprivation; (b) the interaction effect between social media use and personal relative deprivation on beliefs in conspiracy theories. Results showed that passive social media use is linked to, and has a positive effect on, beliefs in conspiracy theories and this relationship is partially mediated via increased personal relative deprivation (Studies 1 and 2). Additionally, in Study 3 personal relative deprivation was experimentally manipulated in the context of a “moderation-of-process” design, yielding a significant interaction with social media use. Results are discussed in light of their social and media psychological contribution and implications in the digital era, an era of fighting, out of many, against misinformation.
Evaluating ‘An Early Social Communication Intervention for Young Children with Down Syndrome’ (ASCEND): Results from a Feasibility Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Stojanovik Vesna , Pagnamenta Emma , Samson Sarah , Sutton Rachel , Jones Benjamin , Joffe Victoria , Harvey Kate , Pizzo Elena , Rae Sarah
Published: August 2023

Background: This paper reports the results from a feasibility trial of an early parent-delivered social communication intervention for young children with Down syndrome (‘ASCEND'). The intervention focuses on developing children’s early social communication skills, in particular responding to shared attention. The aim was to inform the feasibility of running a full-scale trial through National Health Service (NHS) Speech and Language Therapy (SaLT) Services, to assess whether the intervention is effective in improving language skills before children with Down syndrome start school. Methods: This was a two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 randomisation stratified by trial site, comparing the intervention plus standard NHS SaLT provision with standard NHS SaLT alone. We recruited 20 children with Down syndrome aged between 11 and 36 months through three NHS SaLT services, 19 of whom were randomised (10 -intervention group, 9 -control group). Pre and post intervention and 6-month follow-up assessments included language, social communication skills, adaptive behaviour, quality of life (parents and children), parental anxiety and depression. The intervention was parent-delivered with parents having access to SLT services and the research team during the intervention. Data were collected on recruitment and retention, standard care, treatment fidelity, acceptability of the intervention by the parents and speech and language therapists, feasibility of collecting health economic measures and suitability of the primary outcome measure. Results: The sample was sufficient for a feasibility study. The intervention (manual, support, materials) was positively received by the participating parents. Speech and language therapists also evaluated the acceptability of the intervention positively. Treatment fidelity and retention were acceptable. The preliminary health economic data suggest that this intervention will be low cost. The sample size calculation suggests that 290 participants would need to be recruited, with 228 having a complete data set, for a full RCT. Conclusion: Based on recruitment, retention and treatment fidelity, as well as the acceptability of the intervention to parents and speech and language therapists, a full-scale trial would be feasible in order to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.
Artificial Intelligence Enables a Paradigm Shift in Understanding Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Rezaii Neguine , Dickerson Bradford C.
Published: August 2023

Nonfluent aphasia is a neurological condition characterized by profound alterations in the quality and quantity of language production. Despite the succession of attempts to uncover the underlying mechanism of the disease, a comprehensive explanatory framework has been lacking. This theoretical impediment mainly stems from the absence of measuring tools sensitive to the key features of language. One pivotal aspect often overlooked in aphasia research is language informativeness. Crucially, the advent of Large Language Models powered by artificial intelligence has now made it possible to measure the previously unexplored facets of language. By leveraging these emergent capacities, we introduce the Information Restoration Paradigm as a novel, empirically testable framework that offers insights into the diverse symptoms of nonfluent aphasia. The framework posits that the word-level features of nonfluent speech are not defects but rather manifestations of a compensatory mechanism that aims to preserve the information content of language. Our approach underscores the role of informativeness as a cornerstone in synthesizing fragmented theories of the disease into a cohesive framework amenable to testing. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of this paradigm for the description and treatment approaches to nonfluent aphasia.
Predictors of arts engagement in older adults in Japan: novel findings from a national study and cross-cultural comparisons with the United States
Authors: Bone Jessica Katherine , Noguchi Taiji , Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy , Kondo Katsunori , Saito Tami
Published: August 2023

IntroductionArts engagement is a positive health behavior that could support the wellbeing of aging populations globally. However, there is no evidence on what predicts arts engagement in Japan or how predictors in Japan compare to Western countries such as the US, where a social gradient in engagement is well-established.MethodsWe harmonized cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2016 wave and the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2016/2018 wave, enabling cross-country comparisons. We included adults aged ≥65 from JAGES (n=15,598) and HRS (n=6,644). We tested factors associated with arts engagement (participation in artistic hobbies and groups) in logistic and mixed effects logistic regression models.ResultsSimilar factors were associated with engagement across countries. In both Japan and the US, participants who were female and had higher education, more total assets, more frequent social contact, and fewer difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living had higher odds of arts engagement. However, further factors were associated with engagement in Japan, but not the US, including employment status and neighborhood social cohesion.ConclusionThe social gradient in arts engagement in Western countries such as the US is also present in Japan, despite the differing cultural and social context, but there may be additional barriers to participation in Japan. Given the potential benefits of arts engagement for older adults, our findings indicate the importance of further international research and policies to increase access to the arts, reducing inequalities in engagement for older adults globally.
Pierre Brasseur, « Les assistantes sexuelles : des travailleuses du sexe ? » in Alexandra Oeser, Maud Simonet (dir.), Work3-Travail domestique, travail professionnel, travail politique, Presses universitaires de Nanterre, 2023, pp.91-100
Authors: Brasseur Pierre
Published: August 2023

Les assistantes sexuelles ont fait l’objet de colloques, d’unes de journaux, de documentaires ou de questions des députés à destination des ministres et des secrétaires d’État de plusieurs gouvernements de gauche comme de droite. En février 2020, à quelques jours d’une conférence nationale sur le handicap, la secrétaire d’État chargée des personnes handicapées, Sophie Cluzel, a adressé une lettre au comité national consultatif d’éthique, lui demandant d’aborder le sujet de l’assistance sexuelle « avec une vision renouvelée ». Quelques jours auparavant, lors d’une émission de radio sur Europe 1, elle s’était déclarée « très favorable […] à ce que l’on puisse accompagner la vie intime, affective et sexuelle ». Cependant, ajoute-t-elle, cet accompagnement ne doit pas être effectué par une prostituée, car cela reviendrait à « ouvrir un réseau de prostitution » .Depuis 2005, la possibilité de cet accompagnement à la vie sexuelle est envisagée sous la forme d’une assistance sexuelle. Cette forme de socialisation à la sexualité fait l’objet de séquences de politisation et médiatisation éphémères, mais régulières , visant à une mise en respectabilité de la compétence « sexualité » . L’assistance sexuelle ressemble très fortement à d’autres activités mobilisant les émotions et le corps. Par conséquent, elle se construit en opposition à d’autres activités comme la prostitution, qui pourraient nuire à leur cohésion et réputation. Ce chapitre propose une contribution à une sociologie de la sexualité, mais également de la façon dont se forme et se transforme la sexualité. En particulier, car l’assistance sexuelle existe aux yeux de tous.
The Mechanisms of Ethnoracialization and Asian American Support for Race-Conscious Admissions
Authors: Lee Ji-won , Byrd Carson
Published: August 2023

Recent studies on political attitude formations have developed the ethnoracialization framework, which emphasizes the roles of racial hierarchies and ethnic identities interconnected with national origins. However, existing research has not established analytical strategies to incorporate this framework, leaving a gap between theory and practice. We propose an alternative analytical model to examine ethnoracialized political attitudes using the case of Asian Americans’ support for race-conscious college admissions. Using data from the 2016 National Asian American Survey, our effect coding reveals how Asian Americans’ race-conscious admissions attitudes vary by ethnicity. Then, we investigate whether this variation can be attributed to theoretical predictors of such attitudes, including the mention of previously supportive Supreme Court decisions on race-conscious admissions, through regression modeling. Most ethnic groups’ mean support scores significantly vary from the grand mean of Asian Americans, and those gaps remain significant even after controlling for socioeconomic backgrounds and general predictors. As an exception, redistributionism accounted for some ethnic variations. Certain predictors such as individual experiences of the US opportunity structure and the racial justice frame shaped overall race-conscious admissions attitudes but did not reduce ethnic variations. These findings highlight the need for increased attention to the analysis of ethnic communities when studying ethnoracialized political attitudes, as our current theories appear insufficient in explaining variations observed between ethnic groups. Thus, conducting research that explores the interplay between Asian Americans, racialization, and ethnic communities will provide a more comprehensive understanding of Asian Americans and potentially other ethnoracialized groups.
Expectation and Hope. Experiences of Time by Ecuadorian Returnees Envisioning a ‘Life Worth Living’
Authors: Voirol Jérémie
Published: August 2023

This article contributes to anthropological reflections on ‘hope’ and ‘expectation’ by analysing the experiences of time of two Ecuadorian migrants who returned to their homeland from Spain and envision their future lives differently. Building on the migrants’ trajectories and reasonings, I propose a clearer conceptual delineation of the notions of hope and expectation than is currently operative in anthropology. I do so by showing their interrelations and articulations, particularly in one’s own experience (constituted by moments of expectation and moments of hope), and by drawing attention to my interlocutors’ temporalisation. As a future-orientation, hope is directed toward change and constitutes an envisioning more open and creative than expectation, which builds on continuity and stability. The notion of ‘duration’ provides insight into the ways my interlocutors compartmentalise their time experience, constituting a sense of past-ness, present-ness, and future-ness, which impacts their future imaginings as hoping versus expecting.
Software Developers to ChatGPT Developers
Authors: Roy Mahule
Published: August 2023

Copilot, OpenAI Codex brought in the concept of AI Programming. There have been videos at large regarding this across YouTube. OpenAI has been working extensively to make a breakthrough in AI programming with its most recent preview build release of GPT-3. Many of the videos have shed light on how this threatens the job of developers whereas another group have been welcoming to the idea of GPT-3.According to me, you shouldn't be worried as long as you have the skills that are relevant. Some of the notable features of GPT-3:-1)It is based on a model which continuously learns based on human input, one downside of this is if the human keeps on entering wrong input then it even learns from that. 2)It uses a conversation style to communicate with the user making it more user friendly. 3)It remembers the prompts entered previously and requires the user to only enter additional changes he wants. We need to understand that this requires our knowledge of programming as without it it can't completely interpret the code on its own same is the case with Copilot which is widely used by many developers to increase their efficiency, productivity and also finish the code faster. Copilot is a great option for competitive programmers and it helps them submit the code while taking part in a competition faster than their counterpart who don't use Copilot. As long as the developers knows what to do and have the required knowledge for it, they can increase their efficiency by using AI programming. Many developers have tested GPT-3 and are amazed by it. This is a boon for researchers who also have to code in order to carry out their research, now they can focus more on the required areas which not necessarily includes programming. Imagine how better we will be with the help of AI where we can possibly solve problems less ventured into. A developer can just focus majorly on the way to implement the code, come up with better ideas and also solve problems which have yet not been solved. This is major boon than anything else. There is the issue of debugging with GPT-3 which reports everything with atmost certainty even if it is wrong. So, the user needs to use his skills and knowledge to get the best from it , ask the right questions, give the proper prompts for it work on so GPT-3 can't be rendered useful without human intervention. There have been a few who have gone on and said that GPT-3 is not a replacement for Google as it is way more authoritative in presenting its view than Google, which lets the user choose from multiple web pages based on their needs whereas in GPT-3 you don't get the option to choose, but this is a wake up call for Google as GPT-3 is just a preview version and upon major improvements can be at par with Google.
An Application of Estimation Regression Model of Two-Wheeler Industry for Advertising Impact
Authors: Gongad S. S.
Published: August 2023

Statistical applications are rarely used for conducting research in applied areas. This research is conducting to evaluate an application of Estimation Regression, Pooled Data model for two-wheeler industry and examining the advertising impact on the model. An application of multiple and partial correlation, relative applications on regression model are tested such as collinearity. The results are concluded at the end of the application of model.
HUBUNGAN KEMATANGAN GAMBUT DENGAN KADAR LENGAS TERHADAP EMISI KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) PADA GAMBUT KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Ayushinta Rahma Dania , Herlambang Susila , Arbiwati Dyah , Maswar Maswar
Published: August 2023

Gambut tersusun oleh material organik lebih dari 45% dengan kandungan air yang relatip banyak. Gambut memiliki tingkat kematangan dan kadar lengas yang berbeda akan menentukan besarnya emisi CO2 terutama pada pembukaan lahan untuk budidaya pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh tingkat kematangan dan kadar lengas gambut terhadap sifat kimia tanah gambut dan produksi gas karbon dioksida (CO2). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing faktor yaitu tingkat kematangan gambut (Fibrik, Hemik dan Saprik) dan kadar lengas gambut 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, dan 300%. Analisis data dengan analysis of variance dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test pada jenjang 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kematangan gambut saprik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan emisi CO2, C-Organik dan peningkatan kadar abu, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai Eh. Perlakuan kadar lengas tidak berpengaruh terhadap emisi CO2, C-Organik dan kadar abu, tetapi pada kadar lengas 300% berpengaruh terhadap penurunan Eh. Terjadi interaksi pada kombinasi perlakuan gambut saprik dengan kadar lengas 300% memberikan perubahan nilai pH tanah dan N total tertinggi, serta C/N paling rendah
KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK TANAMAN PADI DI KECAMATAN SOKARAJA, KABUPATEN BANYUMAS, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Ramadhani Ja'far Shiddiq , Kundarto Muhamad , Widodo R Agus
Published: August 2023

Kecamatan Sokaraja menempati urutan ketiga sebagai Kecamatan yang memiliki potensi lahan yang akan membantu dalam kemandirian melakukan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan analisis kesesuaian lahan sebagai acuan pengembangan lahan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian lahan dan menganalisa kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi di Kecamatan Sokaraja. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Titik sampel ditentukan berdasarkan satuan lahan yang dihasilkan dari overlay peta jenis tanah, peta tata guna lahan dan peta kemiringan lereng menggunakan ArcGIS 10.5. Metode matching digunakan untuk penilaian kesesuaian lahan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi curah hujan, temperatur udara rata-rata, drainase, tekstur, kedalaman tanah, KPK, pH H2O, C-Organik. Hasil penelitian dengan 10 titik sampel menunjukkan kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi adalah S3rc faktor pembatas pada media perakaran dalam hal ini kedalaman tanah, dengan tekstur tanah yang mendominasi adalah lempung liat berdebu (silty clay) dan lempung liat (clay loam) dengan kedalaman tanah antara 30 cm sampai 40 cm, pH di rentang 5 sampai 6 untuk tanaman padi dan tanah serta curah hujan rata-rata pertahun 3.844,53 dengan rata-rata temperatur 26,3oC serta Kapasitas pertukaran kation >16 cmol(+)/kg-1 dengan kandungan c-organik rentang 1,00- 2,00 dan 2,01-3,00 dan kandungan P2O5 yang dominan sangat tinggi termasuk kelas S1 (sangat sesuai). Usulan perbaikan yaitu dapat diperbaiki saat pengolahan tanah dengan menggemburkan atau lebih menghancurkan tanah dan ditambahkan bahan organik.