bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotaxane-mediated suppression and activation of cucurbit[6]uril for molecular detection by 129Xe hyperCEST NMR
Authors: Finbloom Joel A. , Slack Clancy C. , Bruns Carson J. , Jeong Keunhong , Wemmer David E. , Pines Alexander , Francis Matthew B.
Published: January 2016

129Xe–cucurbit[6]uril NMR signals were blocked via rotaxanes until chemically activated. This platform is customizable for a broad range of applications.
Topological modulation of the porous structure of a coordination polymer constructed from a flexible building block via framework–guest interaction during self-assembly
Authors: Masuya-Suzuki Atsuko , Matsubara Nozomi , Karashimada Ryunosuke , Hoshino Hitoshi , Iki Nobuhiko
Published: January 2016

The porous structure of a Ln(iii) coordination polymer with a flexible ligand was modulated by the guest solvent.
Mechanical behavior comparison of spider and silkworm silks using molecular dynamics at atomic scale
Authors: Lee Myeongsang , Kwon Junpyo , Na Sungsoo
Published: January 2016

Mechanical characteristics between spider and silkworm silks fibroins at nano scale are different owing to end serine residue in silkworm.
The electrooxidation-induced structural changes of gold di-superatomic molecules: Au23vs. Au25
Authors: Matsuo Shota , Yamazoe Seiji , Goh Jing-Qiang , Akola Jaakko , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: January 2016

Face-sharing bi-icosahedral Au23 core of Au38(SC2H4Ph)24 retained its structure, whereas vertex-sharing bi-icosahedral Au25 core of [Au25(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]2+ underwent irreversible structural change upon electrooxidation.
Morphology-enhanced conductivity in dry ionic liquids
Authors: Erbaş Aykut , de la Cruz Monica Olvera
Published: January 2016

The size polarity and tail stiffness of amphiphilic ionic liquid molecules can be tailored to obtain 3D continuous ionic channels possessing isotropic conductivities.
Miscibility studies of two twist-bend nematic liquid crystal dimers with different average molecular curvatures. A comparison between experimental data and predictions of a Landau mean-field theory for the NTB–N phase transition
Authors: López D. O. , Robles-Hernández B. , Salud J. , de la Fuente M. R. , Sebastián N. , Diez-Berart S. , Jaen X. , Dunmur D. A. , Luckhurst G. R.
Published: January 2016

We have developed a Landau model that predicts a first order twist-bend nematic–nematic phase transition.
Assessment of the energetic performances of various ZIFs with SOD or RHO topology using high pressure water intrusion–extrusion experiments
Authors: Khay Ismail , Chaplais Gérald , Nouali Habiba , Ortiz Guillaume , Marichal Claire , Patarin Joël
Published: January 2016

The energetic performances of various ZIFs with SOD or RHO topology were evaluated by water intrusion–extrusion experiments under high pressure. The effects of the metal cation nature, the type of linker and the topology are discussed.
Hierarchical thermoelectrics: crystal grain boundaries as scalable phonon scatterers
Authors: Selli Daniele , Boulfelfel Salah Eddine , Schapotschnikow Philipp , Donadio Davide , Leoni Stefano
Published: January 2016

Grains of different length-scales, obtained by controlled compression, affect the lattice thermal conductivity of polycrystalline lead chalcogenides thus improving their thermoelectric performance.
High second-order nonlinear response of platinum nanoflowers: the role of surface corrugation
Authors: Ngo Hoang Minh , Lai Ngoc Diep , Ledoux-Rak Isabelle
Published: January 2016

We report the Harmonic Light scattering properties of PtNFs for six different diameters (∼7.0; 8.0; 10.0; 14.0; 20.0 and 31.0 nm). For the first time, very large β values of PtNFs are presented.
Simple and rapid quantification of phospholipids for supramolecular membrane transport assays
Authors: Hein Robert , Uzundal Can B. , Hennig Andreas
Published: January 2016

We introduce a simple 1H NMR method for quantification of the phospholipid content of liposomes.
A convenient domino Ferrier rearrangement-intramolecular cyclization for the synthesis of novel benzopyran-fused pyranoquinolines
Authors: Moshapo Paseka T. , Sokamisa Mokela , Mmutlane Edwin M. , Mampa Richard M. , Kinfe Henok H.
Published: January 2016

Lewis acid-mediated three component coupling of salicyladehydes, anilines and gylcals provided novel benzopyran-fused pyranoquinolines stereoselectively, in moderate to high yields.
Polar solvent effects on tartaric acid binding by aromatic oligoamide foldamer capsules
Authors: Chandramouli Nagula , El-Behairy Mohammed Farrag , Lautrette Guillaume , Ferrand Yann , Huc Ivan
Published: January 2016

Aromatic amide foldamer capsules hold polar guests in protic solvents.
Synthesis of hydrazinoheterocycles from Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts of nitroalkenes with azodicarboxylates
Authors: Mane Vaijinath , Pandey Jyoti , Ayyagari Narasihmam , Dey Chandan , Kale Raju , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: January 2016

Hydrazinonitroalkenes derived from nitroalkenes and azodicarboxylates are excellent substrates for the synthesis of hitherto unreported hydrazinotriazoles and hydrazinodihydrofurans.
Enhanced nutrient removal from lake water via biodegradation of poly(l-lactide)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blends
Authors: Mai Jingjing , Chai Xiaoli , Su Lianghu , Li Qiang , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2016

Shaped insoluble PLA/P(3HB-co-4HB) blends were applied as slow-release carbon sources to promote the removal of nutrients and facilitate the control of eutrophication in lake water.
Preparation of high adsorption performance and stable biochar granules by FeCl3-catalyzed fast pyrolysis
Authors: Li De-Chang , Ding Jin-Wen , Qian Ting-Ting , Zhang Shun , Jiang Hong
Published: January 2016

Granular biochar was prepared by fast co-pyrolysis of a mixture of sawdust and kaolin. Both mechanical stability and adsorption performance improved with the addition of FeCl3.
Fe3O4/SiO2/C nanocomposite as a high-performance Fenton-like catalyst in a neutral environment
Authors: Wang Ruijue , Liu Xiaoyang , Wu Ruihan , Yu Baowei , Li Hongliang , Zhang Xiaoliang , Xie Jingru , Yang Sheng-Tao
Published: January 2016

Fe3O4/SiO2/C nanocomposite could be used as high-performance Fenton-like catalyst in neutral environment with fast kinetics.
Branched polyethyleneimine modified with hyaluronic acid via a PEG spacer for targeted anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhou Benqing , Zhu Xiaoyue , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: January 2016

Branched polyethyleneimine can be modified with hyaluronic acidviaa PEG spacer for targeted anticancer drug delivery to cancer cells.
On-line UV-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for on-line and real-time monitoring of the extraction process of Coptis Rhizome
Authors: Dai Xuezhi , Song Hang , Liu Wen , Yao Shun , Wang Gang
Published: January 2016

UV-NIR spectroscopy connected method as a tool for on-line and real-time monitoring of Coptis Rhizome extraction process.
Cu(i)Cu(ii)BTC, a microporous mixed-valence MOF via reduction of HKUST-1
Authors: Ahmed Adham , Robertson Craig M. , Steiner Alexander , Whittles Thomas , Ho Alexandra , Dhanak Vinod , Zhang Haifei
Published: January 2016

A microporous mixed-valence Cu(i,ii)–BTC MOF is produced and exhibits two crystalline environments, bi-modal micropores, and superior water stability.
An NHC silver(i) macrometallocycle: synthesis, structure and selective recognition of iodide anions
Authors: Liu Qing-Xiang , Chen Jun-Ren , Sun Xiao-Feng , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Zhao Zhi-Xiang , Cai Kang-Qing
Published: January 2016

An NHC silver(i) crown ether 1 has been synthesized, and the recognition of I− using 1 as a receptor was studied.
Amalgamating 4′-substituted 4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine ligands with double-helical chains or ladder-like networks
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Tan Jiawen , Phoenix Tonya , Manke David R. , Golen James A. , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: January 2016

HgII-mediated self-assembly of metal–organic coordination polymers based on 4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine derivatives is for the first time presented and the structural diversity dependent upon the use of 4′-substituents of ligand is revealed.
Synthesis and characterization of the physicochemical and magnetic properties for perfluoroalkyl ester and Fe(iii) carboxylate-based hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids
Authors: Nacham Omprakash , Clark Kevin D. , Anderson Jared L.
Published: January 2016

The hydrophobic and magnetic properties of magnetic ionic liquids can be controlled using cation functionalization or anion modification.
A clean synthesis approach to biocompatible amphiphilic conetworks via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and thiol–ene chemistry
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Chengfeng , Peng Xiaoquan , He Chunju
Published: January 2016

A series of APCNs from amphiphilic clickable pentablock copolymers with narrow polydispersity were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The resulting APCNs exhibit unique amphiphilic characters, and can be potentially employed in some biomaterial applications.
Structure and effects of gold nanoparticles in bacterial cellulose–polyaniline conductive membranes
Authors: Faria-Tischer Paula. C. S. , Costa Carlos. A. R. , Tozetti Izadora , Dall'Antonia Luiz H. , Vidotti Marcio
Published: January 2016

Bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly(aniline) (PANI) composites were successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline by ammonium persulphate (APS) in the presence and absence of gold nanoparticles.
Fused π-conjugated imidazolium liquid crystals: synthesis, self-organization, and fluorescence properties
Authors: Takagi Koji , Yamauchi Koji , Kubota Seiko , Nagano Shusaku , Hara Mitsuo , Seki Takahiro , Murakami Kazuya , Ooyama Yousuke , Ohshita Joji , Kondo Masaharu , Masu Hyuma
Published: January 2016

Fused π-conjugated imidazolium compounds bearing two or three long alkoxy chains and various counter anions were systematically prepared following our reported synthetic route.
Tuning the structure and the mechanical properties of epoxy–silica sol–gel hybrid materials
Authors: Domènech Berta , Mata Ignasi , Molins Elies
Published: January 2016

A new epoxy–silica porous material prepared via one-pot sol–gel process. Mechanical properties can be continuously tuned by modifying reactant proportions.
Geometric effects of nano-hole arrays for label free bio-detection
Authors: Kim Seunguk , Shin Jeong Hee , Kim Samhwan , Yoo Seung-Jun , Jun Byoung Ok , Moon Cheil , Jang Jae Eun
Published: January 2016

Geometric effects of nano-hole arrays were investigated for label free bio-detection.
Bu4NI-catalyzed construction of tert-butyl peresters from alcohols
Authors: Zhang Hui , Dong Dao-Qing , Hao Shuang-Hong , Wang Zu-Li
Published: January 2016

A new method for the synthesis of tert-butyl peresters directly from available alcohols catalyzed by Bu4NI in an aqueous system was developed.
Composites of metal–organic frameworks and carbon-based materials: preparations, functionalities and applications
Authors: Liu Xiao-Wei , Sun Tian-Jun , Hu Jiang-Liang , Wang Shu-Dong
Published: January 2016

This review summarizes the recent progress in preparations, functionalities and applications of composites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon-based materials.
Determining the most promising anchors for CuSCN: ab initio insights towards p-type DSSCs
Authors: Chen Kathy J. , Laurent Adèle D. , Boucher Florent , Odobel Fabrice , Jacquemin Denis
Published: January 2016

We investigate a large number of potential monodentate and bidentate anchors in the framework of p-type DSSCs based on copper thiocyanate.
Enriching Si quantum dots in a Si-rich SiNxmatrix for strong χ(3)optical nonlinearity
Authors: Wu Chung-Lun , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Su Sheng-Pin , Huang Bo-Ji , Chang Jung-Hung , Wu Chih-I , Lee Chao-Kuei , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: January 2016

The optical nonlinearity of dense Si quantum dots doped SiNxmatrix enhanced by three orders of magnitude larger than that of stoichiometric Si3N4is demonstratedviadetuning the excessive Si content from stoichiometric composition.
Highly efficient emitters of ultra-deep-blue light made from chrysene chromophores
Authors: Shin Hwangyu , Jung Hyocheol , Kim Beomjin , Lee Jaehyun , Moon Jiwon , Kim Joonghan , Park Jongwook
Published: January 2016

The chrysene group, with its large band gap and high stability, was selected as a central core structure for ultra-deep-blue emitters. The effects of different side groups on the intrinsic properties of the chrysene core were systematically investigated.
Prenatal caffeine exposure-induced adrenal developmental abnormality in male offspring rats and its possible intrauterine programming mechanisms
Authors: He Zheng , Zhu Chunyan , Huang Hegui , Liu Lian , Wang Linlong , Chen Liaobin , Magdalou Jacques , Wang Hui
Published: January 2016

Glucocorticoid (GC) is a major factor for fetal tissue maturation and fate decision after birth.
Silver nanoparticles induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses in mouse tissues: implications for the development of acute toxicity after intravenous administration
Authors: Chen Rui , Zhao Lin , Bai Ru , Liu Ying , Han Liping , Xu Zhifang , Chen Feng , Autrup Herman , Long Dingxin , Chen Chunying
Published: January 2016

AgNPs cause toxic damage by gradually imposing stress impacts on the target organs in mice.
Annexin A1 localization and its relevance to cancer
Authors: Boudhraa Zied , Bouchon Bernadette , Viallard Claire , D'Incan Michel , Degoul Françoise
Published: January 2016

Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a Ca2+-regulated phospholipid-binding protein involved in various cell processes. ANXA1 was initially widely studied in inflammation resolution, but its overexpression was later reported in a large number of cancers. Further in-depth investigations have revealed that this protein could have many roles in cancer progression and act at different levels (from cancer initiation to metastasis). This is partly due to the location of ANXA1 in different cell compartments. ANXA1 can be nuclear, cytoplasmic and/or membrane associated. This last location allows ANXA1 to be proteolytically cleaved and/or to become accessible to its cognate partners, the formyl-peptide receptors. Indeed, in some cancers, ANXA1 is found at the cell surface, where it stimulates formyl-peptide receptors to trigger oncogenic pathways. In the present review, we look at the different locations of ANXA1 and their association with the deregulated pathways often observed in cancers. We have specifically detailed the non-classic pathways of ANXA1 externalization, the significance of its cleavage and the role of the ANXA1–formyl-peptide receptor complex in cancer progression.
Explicit model predictive control applications in power systems: an AGC study for an isolated industrial system
Authors: Jiang Hao , Lin Jin , Song Yonghua , You Shi , Zong Yi
Published: January 2016

Model predictive control (MPC), that can consider system constraints, is one of the most advanced control technology used nowadays. In power systems, MPC is applied in a way that an optimal control sequence is given every step by an online MPC controller. The main drawback is that the control law cannot be evaluated before the MPC controller is put into service. Therefore, system operators may not validate its performances in advance. To overcome this drawback, the explicit MPC (EMPC) method is introduced and applied to obtain an explicit control law. In addition, another major contribution is that an improved partition algorithm of EMPC is studied which enables the EMPC method to be extended to a system of large number of state variables and more constraints. A simple single generator single load case is used to illustrate the whole procedure of EMPC and then the EMPC is applied to an actual isolated power system for frequency control. Simulation results show that the explicit control law of EMPC is able to restore system frequency to its nominal value under large disturbance. Moreover, the physical meaning of the explicit control law given by EMPC can be clearly explained for the studied system.
Potential for further reduction in the embodied carbon in PV solar energy systems
Authors: Irvine Stuart J.C. , Rowlands‐Jones Rachael L.
Published: January 2016

In this study the potential for further reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of c‐Si, multi‐crystalline silicon (mc‐Si) and CdTe photovoltaic (PV) systems are assessed to inform climate change mitigation in the UK. The amount of CO2 equivalent released in grams for each kWh of electricity over the lifetime of the PV system (gCO2‐e/kWh) has been assessed using a model to predict the change in GHG as a result of engineering improvements in the PV module and system operation. The scenarios modelled here are for two different locations in the UK (Midlands and South West England) to give a typical range. Similarly a range of carbon intensity in manufacture is considered by taking manufacture in China and the UK. This study considers the impact of; system and inverter lifetimes, continuing trends of increases in module conversion efficiencies and reduction in carbon intensity during manufacture. For most of the scenarios considered the extension of the PV system lifetime to 40 years makes the largest impact while extending inverter lifetime for deployment of thin film PV modules becomes more significant and cannot be ignored. All of the four interventions considered in this study can significantly contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint of PV by the near term target of 2020. For all three module systems considered the model shows the potential for the carbon footprint to be reduced to one third of the 2012 values giving a range of 11–38 gCO2‐e/kWh, which is within the range of current wind generation in the UK.
Accurate range profile alignment method based on minimum entropy for inverse synthetic aperture radar image formation
Authors: Wang Rui , Zeng Tao , Hu Cheng , Yang Jian , Long Teng
Published: January 2016

Accurate range profile alignment is an essential step for achieving the subsequent azimuth coherent processing for inverse synthetic aperture radar image formation. In this study, an iterative method based on minimum entropy is first proposed for accurate range profile alignment, which constructs a series of local quadratic curves to gradually approach the extremum of the entropy of range profiles. The accuracy of range profile alignment depends on whether the iteration could be convergent to the optimal extremum. Unfortunately, the entropy of misaligned range profiles usually has numerous local extrema. The low‐pass profile filtering is able to smooth the entropy surface and eliminate the local extrema. Nevertheless, the detailed features of range profiles are also lost due to the filtering so that the alignment accuracy could be reduced. Finally, a circulation cascade processing by appropriately combining the proposed iterative method and the low‐pass filtering is presented to make the range profile alignment both convergent and accurate. Simulations and real data are used to validate the performance of the proposed method on iteration convergence and alignment accuracy.
Object‐level SAR imaging method with canonical scattering characterisation and inter‐subdictionary interferences mitigation
Authors: Cong Xunchao , Gui Guan , Li Xiao , Wen Gongjian , Huang Xiaohong , Wan Qun
Published: January 2016

Under the assumption of ideal‐point scattering model, conventional developed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging techniques often ignore frequency/angle dependence, which may result in scattering estimation inaccurate and object‐level information loss. To solve the problem, in this study, the authors propose an object‐level SAR imaging method by virtual of sparse representations and canonical shape feature models. Specifically, the representation basis vectors are combined with parametric scattering models for characterising angle/frequency dependence, so that they can accurately capture physically relevant scattering geometry information. To acquire high‐quality object‐level SAR image and mitigate the inter‐subdictionary interferences, the authors propose a regularisation algorithm to take advantage of the inherent prior information including the sparsity of coefficient vector and the interaction nature between different spatial locations. The advantages of the proposed method can be summarised as follows: (i) by using the location‐wise coordinate descent strategy, it can save memory cost and also reduce computation complexity in comparison with the direct solving the full inverse problem; and (ii) it can effectively acquire more parsimonious representation in the number of spatial locations and canonical scattering type information of strong scattering points such as top‐hats and trihedral. Finally, experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Neutral gas temperature estimates and metastable resonance energy transfer for argon-nitrogen discharges
Authors: Greig A. , Charles C. , Boswell R. W.
Published: January 2016

Rovibrational spectroscopy band fitting of the nitrogen (N2) second positive system is a technique used to estimate the neutral gas temperature of N2 discharges, or atomic discharges with trace amounts of a N2 added. For mixtures involving argon and N2, resonant energy transfer between argon metastable atoms (Ar*) and N2 molecules may affect gas temperature estimates made using the second positive system. The effect of Ar* resonance energy transfer is investigated here by analyzing neutral gas temperatures of argon-N2 mixtures, for N2 percentages from 1% to 100%. Neutral gas temperature estimates are higher than expected for mixtures involving greater than 5% N2 addition, but are reasonable for argon with less than 5% N2 addition when compared with an analytic model for ion-neutral charge exchange collisional heating. Additional spatiotemporal investigations into neutral gas temperature estimates with 10% N2 addition demonstrate that although absolute temperature values may be affected by Ar* resonant energy transfer, spatiotemporal trends may still be used to accurately diagnose the discharge.
Steady-state photoluminescent excitation characterization of semiconductor carrier recombination
Authors: Bhosale J. S. , Moore J. E. , Wang X. , Bermel P. , Lundstrom M. S.
Published: January 2016

Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy is a contactless characterization technique that can provide valuable information about the surface and bulk recombination parameters of a semiconductor device, distinct from other sorts of photoluminescent measurements. For this technique, a temperature-tuned light emitting diode (LED) has several advantages over other light sources. The large radiation density offered by LEDs from near-infrared to ultraviolet region at a low cost enables efficient and fast photoluminescence measurements. A simple and inexpensive LED-based setup facilitates measurement of surface recombination velocity and bulk Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime, which are key parameters to assess device performance. Under the right conditions, this technique can also provide a contactless way to measure the external quantum efficiency of a solar cell.
Comment on “Fe2: As simple as a Herculean labour. Neutral (Fe2), cationic (Fe2+), and anionic (Fe2−) species” [J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244304 (2015)]
Authors: Hoyer Chad E. , Li Manni Giovanni , Truhlar Donald G. , Gagliardi Laura
Published: January 2016

A recent paper on Fe2 [A. Kalemos, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244304 (2015)] critiqued our previous work on the system [Hoyer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 141, 204309 (2014)]. In this comment, we explain the nature of our previously reported potential energy curve for Fe2 and we discuss our computed properties for Fe2. Additionally, we fix a labeling error that was present in our previous work, although this error is unrelated to the main point of discussion.
Acoustically enhanced heat transport
Authors: Ang Kar M. , Yeo Leslie Y. , Friend James R. , Hung Yew Mun , Tan Ming K.
Published: January 2016

We investigate the enhancement of heat transfer in the nucleate boiling regime by inducing high frequency acoustic waves (f ∼ 106 Hz) on the heated surface. In the experiments, liquid droplets (deionized water) are dispensed directly onto a heated, vibrating substrate. At lower vibration amplitudes (ξs ∼ 10−9 m), the improved heat transfer is mainly due to the detachment of vapor bubbles from the heated surface and the induced thermal mixing. Upon increasing the vibration amplitude (ξs ∼ 10−8 m), the heat transfer becomes more substantial due to the rapid bursting of vapor bubbles happening at the liquid-air interface as a consequence of capillary waves travelling in the thin liquid film between the vapor bubble and the air. Further increases then lead to rapid atomization that continues to enhance the heat transfer. An acoustic wave displacement amplitude on the order of 10−8 m with 106 Hz order frequencies is observed to produce an improvement of up to 50% reduction in the surface temperature over the case without acoustic excitation.
Improved neutron-gamma discrimination for a 6Li-glass neutron detector using digital signal analysis methods
Authors: Wang C. L. , Riedel R. A.
Published: January 2016

A 6Li-glass scintillator (GS20) based neutron Anger camera was developed for time-of-flight single-crystal diffraction instruments at Spallation Neutron Source. Traditional Pulse-Height Analysis (PHA) for Neutron-Gamma Discrimination (NGD) resulted in the neutron-gamma efficiency ratio (defined as NGD ratio) on the order of 104. The NGD ratios of Anger cameras need to be improved for broader applications including neutron reflectometers. For this purpose, six digital signal analysis methods of individual waveforms acquired from photomultiplier tubes were proposed using (i) charge integration, (ii) pulse-amplitude histograms, (iii) power spectrum analysis combined with the maximum pulse-amplitude, (iv) two event parameters (a1, b0) obtained from a Wiener filter, (v) an effective amplitude (m) obtained from an adaptive least-mean-square filter, and (vi) a cross-correlation coefficient between individual and reference waveforms. The NGD ratios are about 70 times those from the traditional PHA method. Our results indicate the NGD capabilities of neutron Anger cameras based on GS20 scintillators can be significantly improved with digital signal analysis methods.
Finite element analysis of true and pseudo surface acoustic waves in one-dimensional phononic crystals
Authors: Graczykowski B. , Alzina F. , Gomis-Bresco J. , Sotomayor Torres C. M.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we report a theoretical investigation of surface acoustic waves propagating in one-dimensional phononic crystal. Using finite element method eigenfrequency and frequency response studies, we develop two model geometries suitable to distinguish true and pseudo (or leaky) surface acoustic waves and determine their propagation through finite size phononic crystals, respectively. The novelty of the first model comes from the application of a surface-like criterion and, additionally, functional damping domain. Exemplary calculated band diagrams show sorted branches of true and pseudo surface acoustic waves and their quantified surface confinement. The second model gives a complementary study of transmission, reflection, and surface-to-bulk losses of Rayleigh surface waves in the case of a phononic crystal with a finite number of periods. Here, we demonstrate that a non-zero transmission within non-radiative band gaps can be carried via leaky modes originating from the coupling of local resonances with propagating waves in the substrate. Finally, we show that the transmission, reflection, and surface-to-bulk losses can be effectively optimised by tuning the geometrical properties of a stripe.
Self-healing in segmented metallized film capacitors: Experimental and theoretical investigations for engineering design
Authors: Belko V. O. , Emelyanov O. A.
Published: January 2016

A significant increase in the efficiency of modern metallized film capacitors has been achieved by the application of special segmented nanometer-thick electrodes. The proper design of the electrode segmentation guarantees the best efficiency of the capacitor's self-healing (SH) ability. Meanwhile, the reported theoretical and experimental results have not led to the commonly accepted model of the SH process, since the experimental SH dissipated energy value is several times higher than the calculated one. In this paper, we show that the difference is caused by the heat outflow into polymer film. Based on this, a mathematical model of the metallized electrode destruction is developed. These insights in turn are leading to a better understanding of the SH development. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by both the experiments and the numerical calculations. A procedure of optimal segmented electrode design is offered.
Origins of large light induced voltage in magnetic tunnel junctions grown on semiconductor substrates
Authors: Xu Y. , Lin W. , Petit-Watelot S. , Hehn M. , Rinnert H. , Lu Y. , Montaigne F. , Lacour D. , Andrieu S. , Mangin S.
Published: January 2016

Recently, the study of interactions between electron spins and heat currents has given rise to the field of “Spin Caloritronics”. Experimental studies of these interactions have shown a possibility to combine the use of heat and light to power magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices. Here we present a careful study of an MTJ device on Si substrate that can be powered entirely by light. We analyze the influence of the material properties, device geometry, and laser characteristics on the electric response of the sample. We demonstrate that by engineering the MTJ and its electrical contact, a large photovoltage reaching 100 mV can be generated. This voltage originates from the Si substrate and depends on the MTJ magnetic configuration. Finally, we discuss the origin of the photo-voltage in terms of Seebeck and photovoltaic effects.
I’m done my homework—Case assignment in a stative passive
Authors: Fruehwald Josef , Myler Neil
Published: January 2016

We present an analysis of an understudied construction found in Philadelphian and Canadian English, and also in certain Vermont varieties. In this construction, the participle of certain verbs can appear along with a form of the verbbeand a DP complement, producing strings likeI’m done my homework,I’m finished my fries, and (in Vermont)I’m started the project. We show that the participle in the construction is an adjectival passive, not a perfect construction. We further argue that the internal argument DP in the construction is receiving Case from the adjectival heada, similar to what happens in all English dialects with the adjectiveworth, and that the internal argument is interpreted via a mechanism of complement coercion. The microparametric variation we find across English dialects with respect to the availability of this construction is accounted for by variation in the selectional restrictions on theahead.
Tourism destination competitiveness and innovation: the case of the Spanish Mediterranean coast.
Authors: García Sánchez A. , Siles López D.
Published: January 2016

This chapter focuses on competitiveness and innovation, with an application to the Spanish Mediterranean region. Building on a wide range of indicators, the chapter seeks to identify the main sources of tourism destination competitiveness. The most important factor for competitiveness identified is specialization, followed by services, tourists' assessment, culture, attractiveness and weather. The chapter also links the concepts of innovation and competitiveness, defining how the former variable can enhance the latter one.
Ecological modernization and environmental education: the case of Turkey.
Authors: Alİpour H. , Olya H. G. T.
Published: January 2016

This chapter investigates the role of environmental education for a sustainable tourism horizon, with an application to Turkey. The chapter explores how educational institutions help to conform to an environmental attachment in students, as a way of introducing and enlarging the presence of environmental convictions at the tourism industry level. The findings of the study revealed that students in general lacked environmental knowledge and awareness, which encompassed students of tourism as well. Such discouraging levels of knowledge about issues of climate change, energy production and pollution will hamper making pro-environmental choices as an essential embryonic environmental greening towards sustainable tourism development. In fact, mass tourism, with all the critique of its negative environmental impact, is going to stay; however, environmental education in the context of a knowledge-based platform and concurrent with TEM is an initiative to accommodate a more complex and ambiguous array of sustainability options within the tourism industry. This study should be considered a wake-up call for tourism educators at EMU that social equity, justice, ethics and environmentalism are values that demand their rightful place in the tourism curriculum. In the context of a knowledge-based platform and ecological modernization's call for institutional policy change, the present curriculum has remained short of an appreciation of the structural complexity and international nature of tourism as a socioeconomic, political and environmental phenomenon.
Conclusion.
Authors: Artal-Tur A. , Kozak M.
Published: January 2016

This concluding chapter summarizes the book's key themes and findings with respect to (1) the factors influencing the competitiveness of destinations, (2) the environmental dimension of tourism, and (3) destination sustainability.
Finite element modelling of microstructural changes in dry and cryogenic machining AISI 52100 steel
Authors: Umbrello D. , Caruso S. , Imbrogno S.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the results of investigations of grain size and hardness variation induced by orthogonal machining of hardened AISI 52100 bearing steel in the white layer (WL). The experiments were performed under dry and cryogenic cooling conditions using honed cubic boron nitride tool inserts. The experimental results are compared with a newly developed finite element model to describe microstructural changes and dynamic recrystallisation. Furthermore, the numerical model will be able to suggest if the WL formation is mainly thermally induced through phase transformation or mainly mechanically induced through severe plastic deformation. An iterative procedure was utilised to experimentally calibrate and then validate the proposed model at varying cutting speeds and cutting cooling conditions (dry and cryogenic).

This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Recent developments in bearing steels.
Iloprost Drug Delivery during Infant Conventional and High‐Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
Authors: DiBlasi Robert M. , Crotwell Dave N. , Shen Shuijie , Zheng Jiang , Fink James B. , Yung Delphine
Published: January 2016

Iloprost is a selective pulmonary vasodilator approved for inhalation by the Food and Drug Administration. Iloprost has been increasingly used in the management of critically ill neonates with hypoxic lung disease. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerosol drug delivery could be effectively administered to infants with both conventional ventilation and high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). A neonatal test lung model configured with newborn lung mechanics was ventilated with a conventional ventilator and an HFOV with standard settings. A vibrating‐mesh nebulizer was placed (1) proximal to the patient airway in the inspiratory limb between the humidifier probe and patient wye (conventional) as well as between the vent circuit and the endotracheal tube (ETT) for HFOV and (2) between the ventilator and humidifier (distal). Iloprost was nebulized in three separate runs using three new nebulizers in each of the circuit locations. A collecting filter was placed at the distal end of the ETT for each trial. Iloprost was quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The percentage of nominal dose delivered was greater with the nebulizer placed proximal to the airway for conventional ventilation (10.74% ± 2%) and HFOV (29% ± 2%) than with it placed in the distal position (2.96% ± 0.2% vs. 0.96% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). Drug delivery in proximal position was nearly threefold greater during HFOV than during conventional ventilation. In conclusion, iloprost drug delivery was best achieved when the nebulizer was placed proximal to the patient airway during neonatal mechanical ventilation. Drug delivery appears to be more efficient during HFOV than during conventional ventilation.
International key comparison CCQM-K94: 10 μmol/mol dimethyl sulfide in nitrogen
Authors: Lee S , Heo G S , Kim Y , Oh S , Han Q , Wu H , Konopelko L A , Kustikov Y A , Kolobova A V , Efremova O V , Pankratov V V , Pavlov M V , Culleton L P , Brown A S , Brookes C , Li J , Ziel P R , van der Veen A M H
Published: January 2016

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important compound in monitoring climate change and is monitored by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch Volatile Organic Compounds (WMO-GAW VOC) program at several monitoring sites. It is essential that measurement results are accurate and consistent among the assigned values for primary gas mixtures to meet the WMO requirement. The purpose of this comparison is to compare the measurement capability of DMS at approximately 10 μ­mol/mol and expectation to contribute the establishment of traceability to single measurement scale for DMS between NMIs.

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To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Plasma flow, turbulence and magnetic islands in TJ-II
Authors: Estrada T. , Ascasíbar E. , Blanco E. , Cappa A. , Hidalgo C. , Ida K. , López-Fraguas A. , van Milligen B.Ph
Published: January 2016

The effect of magnetic islands on plasma flow and turbulence has been experimentally investigated in ohmically induced magnetic configuration scans at the stellarator TJ-II. This operational mode allows sweeping the radial position of a low order rational surface from the plasma core towards the edge in a controlled way, what reveals effects that are difficult to notice in scans performed on a shot to shot basis. The main diagnostic used in the present work is a two-channel Doppler reflectometer that allows the measurement of the perpendicular rotation velocity of the turbulence and density fluctuations with good spatial and temporal resolution. A characteristic signature of the n/m  =  3/2 magnetic island as it crosses the measurement position is clearly detected: the perpendicular flow reverses at the center of the magnetic island and a flow shear develops at the island boundaries. Fluctuations of the perpendicular flow and density have been also measured along the 3/2 magnetic island. An increase in the low frequency flow oscillations is measured at the magnetic island boundaries together with a reduction in the density fluctuation level; the later being more pronounced at the inner island boundary. These observations could explain the link between magnetic islands and transport barriers observed in a number of fusion devices.
ELM-resolved divertor erosion in the JET ITER-Like Wall
Authors: Den Harder N. , Brezinsek S. , Pütterich T. , Fedorczak N. , Matthews G.F. , Meigs A. , Stamp M.F. , van de Sanden M.C.M. , Van Rooij G.J.
Published: January 2016

Tungsten erosion in H-mode plasmas is quantified in the outer divertor of the JET ITER-Like Wall environment with optical emission spectroscopy on the 400.9 nm atomic neutral tungsten line. A novel cross-calibration procedure is developed to link slow, high spectral resolution spectroscopy and fast photomultiplier tube measurements in order to obtain ELM-resolved photon fluxes. Inter-ELM W erosion is exclusively impurity sputtering by beryllium because of the high sputter threshold for deuterons. Low beryllium concentrations resulted in low inter-ELM sputter yields of around 10−4 with respect to the total flux.

Intra-ELM W sources, which dominate the total W tungsten source, vary independently from the inter-ELM source. The amount of W erosion could only be partly explained by beryllium sputtering, indicating that during ELMs sputtering by fuel species is important. The total W outer divertor source is found to linearly increase with the power crossing the separatrix, whilst excessive divertor fueling can break this trend.

The influence of the W source rate on the tungsten content of the core plasma is investigated using soft x-ray emission to determine the tungsten content. At low source rates the content is determined by the source, but at higher source rates, other phenomena determine the total tungsten content. Indications of impurity flushing by ELMs is seen at ELM frequencies above approximately 40 Hz. The inner/outer divertor asymmetry of the W source during ELMs is investigated, and the outer divertor W source is larger by a factor of

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Serious games for improving knowledge and self-management in young people with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Charlier Nathalie , Zupancic Nele , Fieuws Steffen , Denhaerynck Kris , Zaman Bieke , Moons Philip
Published: January 2016

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of serious games in improving knowledge and/or self-management behaviors in young people with chronic conditions.

Materials and Methods The authors searched the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, and PsychINFO for articles published between January 1990 and January 2014. Reference lists were hand-searched to retrieve additional studies. Randomized controlled trials that compared a digital game with either standard education or no specific education in a population of children and/or adolescents with chronic conditions were included.

Results The authors identified 9 studies in which the effectiveness of serious games in young people with chronic conditions was evaluated using a randomized controlled trials design. Six studies found a significant improvement of knowledge in the game group from pretest to posttest; 4 studies showed significantly better knowledge in the game group than in the control group after the intervention. Two studies reported significantly better self-management in the game group than in the control group after the intervention. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. For knowledge, pooled estimate of Hedges’ gu was 0.361 (95% confidence intervals, 0.098-0.624), demonstrating that serious games improve knowledge in patients. For self-management, pooled estimate of Hedges’ gu was 0.310 (95% confidence intervals, 0.122-0.497), showing that gaming improves self-management behaviors.

Conclusions The authors’ meta-analysis shows that educational video games can be effective in improving knowledge and self-management in young people with chronic conditions.
Structured scaffolding for reflection and problem solving in diabetes self-management: qualitative study of mobile diabetes detective
Authors: Mamykina Lena , Heitkemper Elizabeth M , Smaldone Arlene M , Kukafka Rita , Cole-Lewis Heather , Davidson Patricia G , Mynatt Elizabeth D , Tobin Jonathan N , Cassells Andrea , Goodman Carrie , Hripcsak George
Published: January 2016

Objective To investigate subjective experiences and patterns of engagement with a novel electronic tool for facilitating reflection and problem solving for individuals with type 2 diabetes, Mobile Diabetes Detective (MoDD).

Methods In this qualitative study, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals from economically disadvantaged communities and ethnic minorities who are participating in a randomized controlled trial of MoDD. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis; usage logs were analyzed to determine how actively the study participants used MoDD.

Results Fifteen participants in the MoDD randomized controlled trial were recruited for the qualitative interviews. Usage log analysis showed that, on average, during the 4 weeks of the study, the study participants logged into MoDD twice per week, reported 120 blood glucose readings, and set two behavioral goals. The qualitative interviews suggested that individuals used MoDD to follow the steps of the problem-solving process, from identifying problematic blood glucose patterns, to exploring behavioral triggers contributing to these patterns, to selecting alternative behaviors, to implementing these behaviors while monitoring for improvements in glycemic control.

Discussion This qualitative study suggested that informatics interventions for reflection and problem solving can provide structured scaffolding for facilitating these processes by guiding users through the different steps of the problem-solving process and by providing them with context-sensitive evidence and practice-based knowledge related to diabetes self-management on each of those steps.

Conclusion This qualitative study suggested that MoDD was perceived as a useful tool in engaging individuals in self-monitoring, reflection, and problem solving.
Computers in the clinical encounter: a scoping review and thematic analysis
Authors: Crampton Noah H , Reis Shmuel , Shachak Aviv
Published: January 2016

Objective Patient-clinician communication has been associated with increased patient satisfaction, trust in the clinician, adherence to prescribed therapy, and various health outcomes. The impact of health information technology (HIT) on the clinical encounter in general and patient-clinician communication in particular is a growing concern. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature on HIT use during the clinical encounter to update best practices and inform the continuous development of HIT policies and educational interventions.

Methods We conducted a literature search of four databases. After removing duplicates, reviewing titles and abstracts, performing a full-text review, and snowballing from references and citations, 51 articles were included in the analysis. We employed a qualitative thematic analysis to compare and contrast the findings across studies.

Results Our analysis revealed that the use of HIT affects consultations in complex ways, impacting eye contact and gaze, information sharing, building relationships, and pauses in the conversation. Whether these impacts are positive or negative largely depends on the combination of consultation room layout, patient and clinician styles of interaction with HIT as well as each other, and the strategies and techniques employed by clinicians to integrate HIT into consultations.

Discussion The in-depth insights into the impact of HIT on the clinical encounter, especially the strategies and techniques employed by clinicians to adapt to using HIT in consultations, can inform policies, educational interventions, and research.

Conclusion In contrast to the common negative views of HIT, it affects the clinical encounter in multiple ways. By applying identified strategies and best practices, HIT can support patient-clinician interactions rather than interfering with them.