bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Initially Undiagnosed Chikungunya Arthritis Developing into Chronic Phase in a Nonendemic Area
Authors: Chan Pui Shan Julia , Leung Moon Ho
Published: March 2017

This case report described a 40-year-old lady presented with fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and impaired liver function after returning from the Philippines. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue serology were negative. Eight weeks after initial presentation, she experienced inflammatory polyarthritis mimic rheumatoid arthritis. This time CHIKV-IgM was detected, together with a >4-fold rise of CHIKV-polyvalent-antibody titre. The first CHIKV-IgM negative sample was reexamined and was CHIKV-PCR positive. CHIKV infection was confirmed and diagnosis of CHIKV-related arthritis was made. A quarter of CHIKV infected individuals develop post-CHIKV rheumatisms that affect quality of life and may need treatment with Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. This case highlights the importance of considering CHIKV infection in patients present with symmetrical polyarthritis particularly after travel to endemic regions. Testing of both CHIKV acute and convalescent-phase serum for CHIKV antibodies and PCR is recommended in suspicious case.
Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality, Incidence, and Survival in the United States, 1950–2014: Over Six Decades of Changing Patterns and Widening Inequalities
Authors: Singh Gopal K. , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: March 2017

We analyzed socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in US mortality, incidence, and survival rates from all-cancers combined and major cancers from 1950 to 2014. Census-based deprivation indices were linked to national mortality and cancer data for area-based socioeconomic patterns in mortality, incidence, and survival. The National Longitudinal Mortality Study was used to analyze individual-level socioeconomic and racial/ethnic patterns in mortality. Rates, risk-ratios, least squares, log-linear, and Cox regression were used to examine trends and differentials. Socioeconomic patterns in all-cancer, lung, and colorectal cancer mortality changed dramatically over time. Individuals in more deprived areas or lower education and income groups had higher mortality and incidence rates than their more affluent counterparts, with excess risk being particularly marked for lung, colorectal, cervical, stomach, and liver cancer. Education and income inequalities in mortality from all-cancers, lung, prostate, and cervical cancer increased during 1979–2011. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality widened as mortality in lower socioeconomic groups/areas declined more slowly. Mortality was higher among Blacks and lower among Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics than Whites. Cancer patient survival was significantly lower in more deprived neighborhoods and among most ethnic-minority groups. Cancer mortality and incidence disparities may reflect inequalities in smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diet, alcohol use, screening, and treatment.
A Novel Multimode Fault Classification Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Funa , Gao Yulin , Wen Chenglin
Published: March 2017

Due to the problem of load varying or environment changing, machinery equipment often operates in multimode. The data feature involved in the observation often varies with mode changing. Mode partition is a fundamental step before fault classification. This paper proposes a multimode classification method based on deep learning by constructing a hierarchical DNN model with the first hierarchy specially devised for the purpose of mode partition. In the second hierarchy , different DNN classification models are constructed for each mode to get more accurate fault classification result. For the purpose of providing helpful information for predictive maintenance, an additional DNN is constructed in the third hierarchy to further classify a certain fault in a given mode into several classes with different fault severity. The application to multimode fault classification of rolling bearing fault shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction at 37 Weeks: A Comparison of Doppler and Placental Pathology
Authors: Curtin William M. , Millington Karmaine A. , Ibekwe Tochi O. , Ural Serdar H.
Published: March 2017

Objective.Our objective was determining if abnormal Doppler evaluation had a higher prevalence of placental pathology compared to normal Doppler in suspected fetal growth restriction (FGR) of cases delivered at 37 weeks.Study Design.This retrospective cohort study of suspected FGR singletons with antenatal Doppler evaluation delivered at 37 weeks had a primary outcome of the prevalence of placental pathology related to FGR. Significance was defined asp≤0.05.Results.Of 100 pregnancies 46 and 54 were in the abnormal and normal Doppler cohorts, respectively. Placental pathology was more prevalent with any abnormal Doppler, 84.8% versus 55.6%, odds ratio (OR) 4.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55, 13.22, andp=0.002. Abnormal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler had a higher prevalence: 96.2% versus 54.8%, OR 20.7, 95% CI: 2.54, 447.1, andp<0.001.Conclusion.Abnormal Doppler was associated with more placental pathology in comparison to normal Doppler in fetuses with suspected FGR. Abnormal MCA Doppler had the strongest association.
Transparent Assessment of the Supervision Information in China’s Food Safety: A Fuzzy-ANP Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Chen Tingqiang , Wang Lei , Wang Jining
Published: March 2017

Improving transparency of food safety supervision information can reduce the occurrence of information asymmetry, decrease food safety incidents, and promote socially joint regulation for food safety. In this study, an index system of food safety supervision information transparency (FSSIT) is constructed using the fuzzy-ANP comprehensive evaluation model. Using this system, the FSSIT in China is evaluated. A total of 1651 questionnaires containing 139525 data are collected from food and drug administration (FDA), consumer association (CA), and media at the central, provincial, prefectural, and county levels. Empirical results indicate that the FSSIT achieves a qualified level; however, the works of FDA, CA, and media still present deficiencies. The information transparency in the entirety presents deficiencies and gradually declines when that in the administrative level decreases. The economic development level indirectly determines the transparency level, and the transparency level does not conform to China’s current economic development level.
Meteorological Drought Index Mapping in Bangladesh Using Standardized Precipitation Index during 1981–2010
Authors: Mondol Md. Anarul Haque , Ara Iffat , Das Subash Chandra
Published: March 2017

Natural disasters are a major concern in Bangladesh, particularly drought which is one of the most common disaster in Bangladesh. Drought needs to be explained spatially to understand its spatiotemporal variations in different areas. In this paper, the meteorological drought has been shown by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method and illustrated through the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method across Bangladesh. We used rainfall data of 30 meteorological stations in Bangladesh during the study period of 1981–2010. The results indicate that drought has been fluctuating and it has become a recurrent phenomenon during the study period. The SPI depicted the drought conditions that plunged dramatically in 1981, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, and 1996 and then gradually improved in 2004, 2006, and 2009 in the country. The present study demonstrated that drought occurred in Bangladesh on an average of 2.5 years. Drought was more prominent in the northern, south-western, and eastern regions in Bangladesh compared to the rest of the areas of the country. The outcomes of the present study will help in during disaster management strategies, particularly drought, by initiating effective plans and adaptation remedies in different areas of Bangladesh.
A Case of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Extensively Studied by Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Pennisi Martina , Cesana Clara , Cittone Micol Giulia , Bandiera Laura , Scarpati Barbara , Mancini Valentina , Soriani Silvia , Veronese Silvio , Truini Mauro , Rossini Silvano , Cairoli Roberto
Published: March 2017

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Diagnosis is based on detection of CD4+CD56+,CD123high, TCL-1+, and blood dendritic cell antigen-2/CD303+blasts, together with the absence of lineage specific antigens on tumour cells. In this report we present a case of BPDCN presenting with extramedullary and bone marrow involvement, extensively studied by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, who achieved complete remission after acute lymphoblastic leukemia like chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Real-Time Pricing Strategy Based on the Stability of Smart Grid for Green Internet of Things
Authors: Chen Huwei , Hui Hui , Su Zhou , Fang Dongfeng , Hui Yilong
Published: March 2017

The ever increasing demand of energy efficiency and the strong awareness of environment have led to the enhanced interests in green Internet of things (IoTs). How to efficiently deliver power, especially, with the smart grid based on the stability of network becomes a challenge for green IoTs. Therefore, in this paper we present a novel real-time pricing strategy based on the network stability in the green IoTs enabled smart grid. Firstly, the outage is analyzed by considering the imbalance of power supply and demand as well as the load uncertainty. Secondly, the problem of power supply with multiple-retailers is formulated as a Stackelberg game, where the optimal price can be obtained with the maximal profit for retailers and users. Thirdly, the stability of price is analyzed under the constraints. In addition, simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Odontogenic Cyst with Verrucous Proliferation Exhibiting Melanin Pigmentation
Authors: Manaktala Nidhi , Boaz Karen , Soni Krupa Mehta , Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Bhat Keshava , Kottieth Pallam Nandita , Lewis Amitha Juanita
Published: March 2017

Verrucous proliferation arising from odontogenic cysts is a rare entity. We report an unusual case of an infected odontogenic cyst with verrucous proliferation and melanin pigmentation in a 13-year-old male patient who presented with an intraoral swelling in relation to impacted teeth 26 and 27. The enucleated lesion was diagnosed as an odontogenic keratocyst and the patient died within two years of presentation due to multiple recurrences. The clinical, radiological, and microscopic features of the lesion are presented with an attempt to discuss the etiopathogenesis. The case hereby reported is uncommon with only eight cases reported in the literature.
Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence: Knowledge and Experiences among Adolescents and Young Adults in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Hornschuh Stefanie , Dietrich Janan Janine , Tshabalala Celokuhle , Laher Fatima
Published: March 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is particularly pertinent to sub-Saharan Africa, where the pediatric HIV burden is marked. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence is a major challenge for AYAs. This qualitative study explored knowledge and experiences of adherence amongst AYAs attending treatment at the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Soweto, South Africa. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) and eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with HIV-infected 15–25-year-old ART recipients. Transcripts were coded thematically. Participants (n=26) were aged median 18.5 years, 59.1% female and 69.2% virally suppressed <400 cp/ml. Three main themes emerged during FGDs and IDIs: (i) correct knowledge about how to be adherent, benefits, and nonadherence consequences, (ii) social, personal, and medication-related barriers to adherence, and (iii) reminder, concealment, and motivational strategies to optimize adherence. Interventions to improve AYA adherence could focus on practical strategies, including status disclosure and medication concealment.
Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
Authors: Lund Anton , Damholt Mette B. , Strange Ditte G. , Kelsen Jesper , Møller-Sørensen Hasse , Møller Kirsten
Published: March 2017

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious neurological complication of hemodialysis, and patients with acute brain injury are at increased risk. We report a case of DDS leading to intracranial hypertension in a patient with anoxic brain injury and discuss the subsequent dialysis strategy. A 13-year-old girl was admitted after prolonged resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an inferior vena cava aneurysm and multiple pulmonary emboli as the likely cause. An intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor was inserted, and, on day 3, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated due to acute kidney injury, during which the patient developed severe intracranial hypertension. CT of the brain showed diffuse cerebral edema. CRRT was discontinued, sedation was increased, and hypertonic saline was administered, upon which ICP normalized. Due to persistent hyperkalemia and overhydration, ultrafiltration and intermittent hemodialysis were performed separately on day 4 with a small dialyzer, low blood and dialysate flow, and high dialysate sodium content. During subsequent treatments, isolated ultrafiltration was well tolerated, whereas hemodialysis was associated with increased ICP necessitating frequent pauses or early cessation of dialysis. In patients at risk of DDS, hemodialysis should be performed with utmost care and continuous monitoring of ICP should be considered.
An Efficient Synthesis of Milnacipran Hydrochloride via Reductive Amination of Aldehyde
Authors: Desireddy Neha Reddy , Glory Arava , Bhimireddy Krishna Reddy , Kurra Yadagiri , Reddy Ram
Published: March 2017

An efficient synthesis of milnacipran hydrochloride has been accomplished. The important application of this paper is the reductive amination of aldehyde to primary amine with water soluble reagents. This method provides a high yield of primary amine as the major product, reduces the number of steps, and discourages by-products.
Differential Regulation of Cardiac Function and Intracardiac Cytokines by Rapamycin in Healthy and Diabetic Rats
Authors: Luck Christian , DeMarco Vincent G. , Mahmood Abuzar , Gavini Madhavi P. , Pulakat Lakshmi
Published: March 2017

Diabetes is comorbid with cardiovascular disease and impaired immunity. Rapamycin improves cardiac functions and extends lifespan by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). However, in diabetic murine models, Rapamycin elevates hyperglycemia and reduces longevity. Since Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant, we examined whether Rapamycin (750 μg/kg/day) modulates intracardiac cytokines, which affect the cardiac immune response, and cardiac function in male lean (ZL) and diabetic obese Zucker (ZO) rats. Rapamycin suppressed levels of fasting triglycerides, insulin, and uric acid in ZO but increased glucose. Although Rapamycin improved multiple diastolic parameters (E/E′, E′/A′, E/Vp) initially, these improvements were reversed or absent in ZO at the end of treatment, despite suppression of cardiac fibrosis and phosphoSer473Akt. Intracardiac cytokine protein profiling and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis indicated suppression of intracardiac immune defense in ZO, in response to Rapamycin treatment in both ZO and ZL. Rapamycin increased fibrosis in ZL without increasing phosphoSer473Akt and differentially modulated anti‐fibrotic IL‐10, IFNγ, and GM‐CSF in ZL and ZO. Therefore, fundamental difference in intracardiac host defense between diabetic ZO and healthy ZL, combined with differential regulation of intracardiac cytokines by Rapamycin in ZO and ZL hearts, underlies differential cardiac outcomes of Rapamycin treatment in health and diabetes.
Metformin Use Is Associated with Reduced Incidence and Improved Survival of Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Yun-Liang , Zhu Ling-Yan , Li Yu , Yu Jiao , Wang Jiao , Zeng Xiang-Xia , Hu Kai-Xiang , Liu Jian-Ying , Xu Ji-Xiong
Published: March 2017

Studies have suggested that metformin can potentially decrease the incidence of cancer and improve survival outcomes. However, the association between metformin use and the incidence and survival of endometrial cancer (EC) remains controversial. So, a meta-analysis was performed. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The outcome measures were relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the EC incidence and survival in patients treated with and without metformin. Eleven studies involving 766,926 participants were included in this study. In the pooled analysis of five studies which evaluated the association of metformin use with the incidence of EC, we found that metformin use was associated with a 13% reduction in EC risk among patients with diabetes (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80–0.95;p=0.006). In the pooled analysis of six retrospective cohort studies evaluating the effect of metformin on the survival of EC patients, we found that, relative to nonuse, metformin use significantly improved the survival of EC patients (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.87;p=0.006). This study showed that metformin use was significantly associated with a decreased incidence of EC in diabetes and a favorable survival outcome of EC patients.
Exploring Intracity Taxi Mobility during the Holidays for Location-Based Marketing
Authors: Wang Wen-jun , Li Xiao-ming , Jiao Peng-fei , Xu Guang-quan , Yuan Ning , Yu Wei
Published: March 2017

Taxi mobility information can be considered as an important source of mobile location-based information for making marketing decisions. So, studying the behavioral patterns of taxis in a Chinese city during the holidays using the global positioning system (GPS) can yield remarkable insights into people’s holiday travel patterns, as well as the odd-even day vehicle prohibition system. This paper studies the behavioral patterns of taxis during specific holidays in terms of pick-up and drop-off locations, travel distance, mobile step length, travel direction, and radius of gyration on the basis of GPS data. Our results support the idea of a polycentric city. It is concluded from the reporting results that there are no significant changes in the distribution of pick-up and drop-off locations, travel distance, or travel direction during holidays in comparison to work days. The results suggest that human travel by taxi has a stable regularity. However, the radius of gyration of movement by most of the taxis becomes significantly larger during holidays that indicate more long-distance travels. The current study will be helpful for location-based marketing during the holidays.
PGC1αActivators Mitigate Diabetic Tubulopathy by Improving Mitochondrial Dynamics and Quality Control
Authors: Lee So-Young , Kang Jun Mo , Kim Dong-Jin , Park Seon Hwa , Jeong Hye Yun , Lee Yu Ho , Kim Yang Gyun , Yang Dong Ho , Lee Sang Ho
Published: March 2017

Purpose.In this study, we investigated the effect of PGC1αactivators on mitochondrial fusion, fission, and autophagic quality control in renal tubular cells in a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. We also examined whether the upregulation of PGC1αattenuates diabetic tubulopathy by normalizing mitochondrial homeostasis.Methods. HKC8 cells were subjected to high-glucose conditions (30 mM D-glucose). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) in male C57/BL6J mice. AICAR or metformin was used as a PGC1αactivator.Results.Treatment with the PGC1αactivators AICAR and metformin improved functional mitochondrial mass in HKC8 cells in high-glucose conditions. Moreover, in renal proximal tubular cells, increased PGC1αactivity correlated with the reversal of changes in Drp1, Mfn1, and LC3-II protein expression in a high-glucose environment. Normalized mitochondrial life cycles resulted in low ROS production and reduced apoptosis. AICAR and metformin treatment effectively mitigated albuminuria and renal histopathology and decreased the expression of TGFβ1 andαSMA in the kidneys of diabetic mice.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that increases in PGC1αactivity improve diabetic tubulopathy by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
Laser Acupuncture Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via Regulation of Creb, Bdnf, Bcl-2, and Bax Gene Expressions in the Hippocampus
Authors: Yun Yeong-Chan , Jang Dongyeop , Yoon Sun-Bee , Kim Dohyeong , Choi Dong-Hee , Kwon O-Sang , Lee Yu-Mi , Youn Daehwan
Published: March 2017

Acupuncture has a positive effect on cognitive deficits. However, the effects of laser acupuncture (LA) on cognitive function and its mechanisms of action are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on middle cerebral artery occlusion‐ (MCAO‐) induced cognitive impairment and its mechanisms of action. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was modeled in adult Sprague‐Dawley rats by MCAO. After LA or manual‐acupuncture (MA) treatment at the GV20 and HT7 for 2 weeks, hippocampal‐dependent memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The hippocampus was dissected to analyze choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity and Creb, Bdnf, Bcl-2, and Bax gene expressions. MWM test demonstrated a significant improvement in hippocampal‐dependent memory in the MCAO rats after LA treatment. LA treatment significantly reversed the postischemic decrease in ChAT immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region. LA treatment significantly normalized gene expression in the hippocampus which had been altered by MCAO, especially upregulating gene expression of Creb, Bdnf, and Bcl‐2 and downregulating gene expression of Bax. This study suggests that LA treatment could improve cognitive impairment in MCAO rats to enhance the cholinergic system in the hippocampal CA1 region and to exert a neuroprotective effect by regulating Creb, Bdnf, Bcl-2, and Bax gene expressions.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Targeting TNF-αand Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Expression in Colonic Mucosa during Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer
Authors: Rafa Hayet , Benkhelifa Sarra , AitYounes Sonia , Saoula Houria , Belhadef Said , Belkhelfa Mourad , Boukercha Aziza , Toumi Ryma , Soufli Imene , Moralès Olivier , de Launoit Yvan , Mahfouf Hassen , Nakmouche M’hamed , Delhem Nadira , Touil-Boukoffa Chafia
Published: March 2017

Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is the colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype that is associated with bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis (UC). The data on role of NF-κB signaling in development and progression of CAC were derived from preclinical studies, whereas data from human are rare. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of NF-κB pathway during UC and CAC, as well as the immunomodulatory effect of all-trans retinoic acid (AtRA). We analyzed the expression of NOS2, TNF-α, TLR4, and NF-κB, in colonic mucosa. We also studied NO/TNF-αmodulation by LPS in colonic mucosa pretreated with AtRA. A marked increase in TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and NOS2 expression was reported in colonic mucosa. The relationship between LPS/TLR4 and TNF-α/NO production, as well as the role of NF-κB signaling, was confirmed by ex vivo experiments and the role of LPS/TLR4 in NOS2/TNF-αinduction through NF-κB pathway was suggested. AtRA downregulates NOS2 and TNF-αexpression. Collectively, our study indicates that AtRA modulates in situ LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway targeting NOS2 and TNF-αexpression. Therefore, we suggest that AtRA has a potential value in new strategies to improve the current therapy, as well as in the clinical prevention of CAC development and progression.
Shortest-Way: An Improved Empirical Transition Method for Signal Coordination
Authors: Zheng Mingming , Xu Hongfeng , Zhang Kun , Yao Ronghan
Published: March 2017

Four fundamental insights into transition methods are provided from the perspective of traffic engineers. An improved empirical transition method (i.e., Shortest-way) is developed with the goal of reducing the time spent on offset correction and the offset deviations of the coordinated phases during the transition period. Shortest-way operates stepwise and can be activated to correct offset at the scheduled time to switch plans. The maximum amount of adjustment that can be made to a transition cycle length is calculated based on the timing parameters of active phases in the old and new plans. The problem of cycle length distribution is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem, aiming at minimizing the sum of the squares of the intersection offset deviations of all the transition cycles. The portion of the cycle length that can be allocated to each phase in a transition cycle is calculated based on its splits in the old and new plans and its potential contribution to the maximum amount of adjustment to the cycle length. The numerical experimental results proved the potential advantage of Shortest-way over CORSIM Shortway and justified the necessity for managing the time to switch plans at the intersection level.
Effects of Different Processing Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of 6 Cultivars of Foxtail Millet
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Li Jieying , Han Fei , Ding Zhansheng , Fan Liuping
Published: March 2017

The total phenolic content (TPC) of millet was whole > dehulled > cooked > steamed and the bound phenolic content (BPC) was the main form. Compared with dehulled millet, the TPC, TFC, and phenolic acid contents were decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The retention rate of TPC of steamed millet ranged from 47% to 55% and cooked millet ranged from 55% to 79%. Additionally, the mean cinnamic acid content of cooked millet was 1.29 times as much as steamed millet. The antioxidant activity of millet was whole > dehulled > cooked > steamed. Therefore, cooked millet was a good choice for human.
Semiempirical Theoretical Studies of 1,3-Benzodioxole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: El-Shamy Omnia A. A.
Published: March 2017

The efficiency of 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors is theoretically studied using quantum chemical calculation and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR). Different semiempirical methods (AM1, PM3, MNDO, MINDO/3, and INDO) are applied in order to determine the relationship between molecular structure and their corrosion protection efficiencies. Different quantum parameters are obtained as the energy of highest occupied molecular orbitalEHOMO, the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitalELUMO, energy gapΔEg, dipole momentμ, and Mulliken charge on the atom. QSAR approach is applied to elucidate some important parameters as the hydrophobicity (Log P), surface area (S.A), polarization(P), and hydration energy (EHyd).
Multiresolution Time‐Domain Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines Terminated in Linear Loads
Authors: Tong Zongliang , Sun Lei , Li Ying , Angulo Luis Diaz , Garcia Salvador Gonzalez , Luo Jianshu
Published: March 2017

This paper derives a multiresolution time‐domain (MRTD) scheme for the multiconductor transmission line (MTL) equations based on Daubechies’ scaling functions. The terminations are characterized by a state‐variable formulation which allows a general description of the termination networks. For the linear load terminations, a method incorporating the terminal constraints is proposed to work out the scheme at and close to the terminations. The MRTD scheme is implemented with different basis functions for linear components including resistances, inductances, and capacitances. Numerical results show that the MRTD schemes obtain a more stable result than the conventional finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) method with a coarse space step.
A Case of Anoxic Brain Injury Presenting with Agraphia of kanji in the Foreground
Authors: Kobayashi Yasutaka , Yamauchi Risa
Published: March 2017

A 63-year-old woman was hospitalized for rehabilitation from the aftereffects of an anoxic brain injury. In addition to a general cognitive decline, agraphia of kana and kanji was noted at the time of admission, which had advanced to agraphia which is dominant in kanji at the time of hospital discharge. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed no stroke lesions, and brain perfusion scintigraphy found a decreased blood flow in the bilateral parietal lobes. We hereby report on this case because case reports on agraphia caused by anoxic brain injury are extremely rare.
Disease Progression in Mild Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease in an 18-Month Observational Study (GERAS): The Impact on Costs and Caregiver Outcomes
Authors: Jones Roy W. , Lebrec Jeremie , Kahle-Wrobleski Kristin , Dell’Agnello Grazia , Bruno Giuseppe , Vellas Bruno , Argimon Josep M. , Dodel Richard , Haro Josep Maria , Wimo Anders , Reed Catherine
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: We assessed whether cognitive and functional decline in community-dwelling patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia were associated with increased societal costs and caregiver burden and time outcomes. Methods: Cognitive decline was defined as a ≥3-point reduction in the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional decline as a decrease in the ability to perform one or more basic items of the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADCS-ADL) or ≥20% of instrumental ADL items. Total societal costs were estimated from resource use and caregiver hours using 2010 costs. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI); caregiver supervision and total hours were collected. Results: Of 566 patients with mild AD enrolled in the GERAS study, 494 were suitable for the current analysis. Mean monthly total societal costs were greater for patients showing functional (+61%) or cognitive decline (+27%) compared with those without decline. In relation to a typical mean monthly cost of approximately EUR 1,400 at baseline, this translated into increases over 18 months to EUR 2,254 and 1,778 for patients with functional and cognitive decline, respectively. The number of patients requiring supervision doubled among patients showing functional or cognitive decline compared with those not showing decline, while caregiver total time increased by 70 and 33%, respectively and ZBI total score by 5.3 and 3.4 points, respectively. Conclusion: Cognitive and, more notably, functional decline were associated with increases in costs and caregiver outcomes in patients with mild AD dementia.
Rebleeding and Outcome in Patients with Symptomatic Brain Stem Cavernomas
Authors: Arauz Antonio , Patiño-Rodriguez Hernán M. , Chavarria-Medina Mónica , Becerril Mayra , Longo Gabriel Mauricio , Nathal Edgar
Published: March 2017

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes and identify the potential risk factors for rebleeding in patients with brain stem cavernous malformations (BCMs) who presented with hemorrhages and were surgically or conservatively treated and prospectively monitored. Methods: From January 1990 to July 2015, we included patients with first hemorrhagic episodes secondary to single BCMs. Modified Rankin score (mRS) was used for neurological status assessment. Univariate and multivariate regression statistics were used to identify the risk factors for rebleeding. Results: A total of 99 patients with BCMs hemorrhages were included (59 [59.6%] women, mean age 37± 13 years). As initial treatments, 37 patients (37.4%) underwent surgery and 62 (62.6%) received conservative treatment. The median follow-up was 3.33 years (interquartile range 1.16-7 years; 408.3 patient/years). The rebleeding rate by patient/year was 10% in conservatively treated patients. Deterioration was significantly more frequent in patients with rebleeding (p = 0.0001). At the end of the follow-up, the mRS were favorable in 49 patients (65.3%) without rebleeding, whereas only 8 (33.3%) with rebleeding evolved to favorable outcomes (p = 0.006). Lesion size >18 mm (hazards ratio, HR 3.34, 95% CI 1.54-7.26; p = 0.0001) and ventral location or crossing the brain stem's midpoint (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.14-5.46; p = 0.022) were associated with a major risk of rebleeding in the univariate analysis, but only a lesion >18 mm remained statistically significant (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.21; p = 0.016) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: A lesion size >18 mm was the principal factor associated with hemorrhage recurrence. The overall functional outcome was good. However, significant morbidity was attributable to rebleeding.
Regression-Based Norms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in the Dutch Population: Improving Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Burggraaff Jessica , Knol Dirk L. , Uitdehaag Bernard M.J.
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: Appropriate and timely screening instruments that sensitively capture the cognitive functioning of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are the need of the hour. We evaluated newly derived regression-based norms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in a Dutch-speaking sample, as an indicator of the cognitive state of MS patients. Methods: Regression-based norms for the SDMT were created from a healthy control sample (n = 96) and used to convert MS patients' (n = 157) raw scores to demographically adjusted Z-scores, correcting for the effects of age, age2, gender, and education. Conventional and regression-based norms were compared on their impairment-classification rates and related to other neuropsychological measures. Results: The regression analyses revealed that age was the only significantly influencing demographic in our healthy sample. Regression-based norms for the SDMT more readily detected impairment in MS patients than conventional normalization methods (32 patients instead of 15). Patients changing from an SDMT-preserved to -impaired status (n = 17) were also impaired on other cognitive domains (p < 0.05), except for visuospatial memory (p = 0.34). Conclusions: Regression-based norms for the SDMT more readily detect abnormal performance in MS patients than conventional norms, identifying those patients at highest risk for cognitive impairment, which was supported by a worse performance on other neuropsychological measures.
Iron Status of Vegetarian Children: A Review of Literature
Authors: Pawlak Roman , Bell Kami
Published: March 2017

Background: Iron is considered a nutrient of concern for vegetarians. In children, inadequate iron status may lead to anemia and poor growth. Summary: Thirteen original manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. Various biochemical markers of iron status, such as hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin, were used. Seven of the 13 studies reported the prevalence of iron deficiency separately for vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Five out of 7 showed a higher prevalence of iron deficiency among the vegetarian participants, while the other 2 showed a higher prevalence of iron deficiency among non-vegetarians. A wide range of iron deficiency prevalence, from 4.3% of vegetarian participants in one study to 73% having ferritin <10 µg/L in another study, was found. Hb data showed almost as wide variations from 0% of children having Hb values lower than 11 g/dL to 47.5% having Hb values below 3rd percentile. Key Messages: The prevalence of iron deficiency among vegetarian children varies considerably from one study to another. The wide variation in the prevalence of inadequate iron status was consistent for studies from industrial and developing countries. The physiological significance of low iron status among vegetarians reported in some studies is unknown.
The Sublime, Nature and Catholicism. The Italian Journey as Goethe's Aesthetical Repertoire
Authors: Maas Wilma Patrícia M. D.
Published: March 2017

Goethe’s Journey to Italy is here understood less as an autobiography than as an encyclopedic work of art. Here we can see many different speeches and goals reunited under common suggestions and themes, without a clear articulating line. This article intends to identify Goethe’s reception of natural and artistic forms during his stay in Italy as a possible guideline for this work
Bear Dancing, Salome Dancing: about "Atta Troll", de Heinrich Heine
Authors: Barbosa Maria Aparecida
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes an investigation into the language of the satiric poem "Atta Troll - ein Sommernachtstraum" (Atta Troll - sonho de uma noite de verão), composed by Heinrich Heine in 1841. Two deeply woven aspects stand out in the poem and motivate this literary research: first the poet’s requirement, which runs throughout the lengthy poem as a Leitmotiv, asking for an art without moral, religious or political influences, based on its own laws, emerging from the notion of beauty, and whose reasons are inherent in themselves. The second perspective that the poem reveals is the metaphoric relationship of poetry and dance, the art form in its various manifestations both formal and informal, which are observed with strict scrutiny throughout the poem. From both aspects, taken from translated parts in Portuguese, the paper indicates important affinities of this literature that lean towards both romanticism and the transition to modernity, and whose transformations it points at, with respect to aesthetics and the role of the poet
The processing of German modal particles in post-editing tasks
Authors: Aquino Marceli
Published: March 2017

German Modal Particles (MPs) are linguistic elements that pose severe difficulties for the translation and post-editing processes. One of the major reasons for such hindrance is the context-dependence function of the MP. This work is an effort to collect relevant information about the translation and decision-making processes in the German/Portuguese language pair. It presents the results of an experimental study on post-editing the MPs doch and wohl into Brazilian Portuguese. In order to empirically investigate the cognitive effort required to postedit machine translated modal particles, three research instruments were used, namely: the software Translog-II; the eye tracker Tobii T60; a prospective questionnaire (free and guided). In the experiment, twenty Brazilian participants were asked to post-edit five Portuguese machine translation outputs with MP’s doch and wohl. The results here presented tend to confirm the hypothesis by GUTT (1998) and the study on processing analysis performed by ALVES (2007), which show that the relation between effort and effect does not obey a linear relation among themselves. Therefore, the analysis of how modal particles are processed in post-editing tasks tends to show that different cognitive environments imply distinct allocation of the minimum cognitive effort needed to achieve a relevant contextual effect
Ranking Businesses and Municipal Locations by Spatiotemporal Cardiac Arrest Risk to Guide Public Defibrillator Placement
Authors: Sun Christopher L.F. , Brooks Steven C. , Morrison Laurie J. , Chan Timothy C.Y.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Efforts to guide automated external defibrillator placement for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treatment have focused on identifying broadly defined location categories without considering hours of operation. Broad location categories may be composed of many businesses with varying accessibility. Identifying specific locations for automated external defibrillator deployment incorporating operating hours and time of OHCA occurrence may improve automated external defibrillator accessibility. We aim to identify specific businesses and municipal locations that maximize OHCA coverage on the basis of spatiotemporal assessment of OHCA risk in the immediate vicinity of franchise locations.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the Toronto Regional RescuNET Epistry cardiac arrest database. We identified all nontraumatic public OHCAs occurring in Toronto, ON, Canada, from January 2007 through December 2015. We identified 41 unique businesses and municipal location types with ≥20 locations in Toronto from the YellowPages, Canadian Franchise Association, and the City of Toronto Open Data Portal. We obtained their geographic coordinates and hours of operation from Web sites, by phone, or in person. We determined the number of OHCAs that occurred within 100 m of each location when it was open (spatiotemporal coverage) for Toronto overall and downtown. The businesses and municipal locations were then ranked by spatiotemporal OHCA coverage. To evaluate temporal stability of the rankings, we calculated intraclass correlation of the annual coverage values.

Results:

There were 2654 nontraumatic public OHCAs. Tim Hortons ranked first in Toronto, covering 286 OHCAs. Starbucks ranked first in downtown, covering 110 OHCAs. Coffee shops and bank machines from the 5 largest Canadian banks occupied 8 of the top 10 spots in both Toronto and downtown. The rankings exhibited high temporal stability with intraclass correlation values of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.93) in Toronto and 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.86) in downtown.

Conclusions:

We identified and ranked businesses and municipal locations by spatiotemporal OHCA risk in their immediate vicinity. This approach may help policy makers and funders to identify and prioritize potential partnerships for automated external defibrillator deployment in public-access defibrillator programs.
Being and Belonging in Transnational Salafism
Authors: Pall Zoltan , de Koning Martijn
Published: March 2017

This article is an inquiry into how the transnational networks of Salafism in Europe and the Middle East are structured by looking at two case studies: one about a Lebanese-Palestinian preacher in Sweden and one about a Dutch preacher in the Netherlands and theuk. By presenting these case studies we explain the predominance of informality in these networks, and highlight the different ways in which they link European Salafi preachers to the Middle East, yielding different types of social capital. Our findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon, the Netherlands, Sweden and theukbetween 2007 and 2012.
Media Elites in Post-Soviet Russia and their Strategies for Success
Authors: Schimpfössl Elisabeth , Yablokov Ilya
Published: March 2017

Media managers are key in the relations between, on the one side the authorities, to whom they enjoy privileged access, and, on the other side the newsroom, the functioning of which they define. Contrary to the popular view, held both in Russia and abroad, that the Kremlin controls the majority of the country’s media, we argue that media managers have a fair bit of agency and are players in their own rights, able to shape their audiences’ attitudes and modify individual as well as collective behavior. To be able to exert this power they must, however, tread a very fine line: they have to demonstrate adekvatnost’ (literally adequacy, but better translated as appropriateness, or ‘the right feel for the game’) and demand adekvatnost’ from their journalists and editors. Focusing on two dimensions – elite theory and the concept of adekvatnost’ – this article analyses the data gleaned from interviews with a range of media managers.
The Imaginaries of RuNet
Authors: Asmolov Gregory , Kolozaridi Polina
Published: March 2017

By exploring the changes among online elites who have constructed the Internet, this article traces the unique history of the Russian Internet (RuNet). Illustrating how changes in online elites can be associated with changes in the socio-political role of the online space in general, it concludes that, although the Internet is of global nature, its space is constructed on the level of nation, culture and language. To show this, the article presents five stages in the development of RuNet, suggesting that the change in the stages is associated with the relationship of power between, first, actors (users, developers, the government, etc.) that construct Internet space and, second, alternative elites that emerge online and the traditional elites that seek to take the online space under their control by making their imaginary dominate.
The taxonomic identity of Ophiorrhiza rarior and O. mycetiifolia (Rubiaceae)
Authors: WU LEI , HAREESH VADAKKOOT-SANKARAN , YU YUN-LIN
Published: March 2017

Through field observations, recollections at known sites and research on specimens and relevant literature, Ophiorrhiza rarior and O. mycetiifolia are reduced to the synonyms of O. amplifolia. In addition, lectotype of Ophiorrhiza amplifolia is here designated with detailed description, colour photographs, conservation status and distribution map.
A new species of Strobocalyx (Asteraceae: Cichorioideae: Vernonieae) from India
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE BANDANA , LAKSHMINARASIMHAN PAKSHIRAJAN , MUKHERJEE SOBHAN KUMAR , BHATTACHARJEE AVISHEK
Published: March 2017

Vernonia mastersii, a name first appeared on a herbarium label and then effectively published in ‘Flora of Assam, vol. 3’ by Kanjilal et al., remains invalidly published according to ICN. The description associated with this name is found based on the mixture of two different species, of which one is formally undescribed. Therefore, a new species of Strobocalyx, viz. S. mastersii is described here based on part of the material associated with the invalid name Vernonia mastersii.
A reinstatement and a new combination in Morella subgenus Morella (Myricaceae), with typification of Myrica integrifolia
Authors: VASHI CHIPEM , SHANKAR UMA , MISRA ARVIND K.
Published: March 2017

Myrica integrifolia is the first Myrica sensu lato species described from India by Roxburgh in 1832. The specific identity of M. integrifolia has been lost due to vague morphological species boundary between M. integrifolia and a closely related species, M. esculenta (≡ Morella esculenta). A detailed morphological analysis carried out on the living specimens of these two species which co-occur in Meghalaya, India and their type materials revealed that M. intergrifolia is a distinct taxon. M. integrifolia is distinguished from M. esculenta by indumenta of twigs, petioles and leaves, colour and micromorphology of peltate trichomes, staminate and pistillate inflorescences, infructescences and fruit characters. We, therefore, reinstate the specific status of M. integrifolia and reassign it in the genus Morella. A new combination of name, Morella integrifolia is thus proposed for M. integrifolia which is also designated with a lectotype and an epitype for the basionym.
Schistidium relictum (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta), a new moss species from Northwest North America and Siberia
Authors: MCINTOSH TERRY T. , BLOM HANS H. , KUZNETSOVA OXANA I. , IGNATOVA ELENA A.
Published: March 2017

Schistidium relictum is described as a new northwest North American and Siberian species of moss. Important distinguishing characters include dull, nearly black plants, with stems densely and evenly foliated, weakly spreading leaves that usually lack awns, and the mostly 1-stratose distal leaf laminae with 2(–3) -stratose margins. The species has a remarkable disjunct distribution pattern with most of the sites where it has been found having been unglaciated during the Pleistocene glaciations. It is restricted to areas with occurrence of calcareous bedrock, especially limestones. It appears to be rather isolated genetically based on molecular studies of total ITS. It is sister to the large clade, ‘Apocarpum’, which consists of species which probably embody its closest known extant relatives.