bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaotic Dynamics of Cage Behavior in a High-Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Authors: Chen Long , Xia Xintao , Zheng Haotian , Qiu Ming
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a mathematical model to investigate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of cage in high-speed cylindrical bearing. Variations of cage behavior due to varying cage eccentricity and cage guidance gap are observed. Hydrodynamic behavior in cage contacts is taken into consideration for a more realistic calculation of acting forces owing to high working speed. Analysis of real-time cage dynamic behavior on radial plane is carried out using chaos theory based on the theoretical and mathematical model established in the paper. The analytical results of this paper provide a solid foundation for designing and manufacturing of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing.
Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Dynamics Induced by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Huang Yan-Feng , Lu Lu , Zhu Da-Jian , Wang Ming , Yin Yi , Chen De-Xiu , Wei Lian-Bo
Published: January 2016

This paper studied the chronic fatigue induced by excessive exercise and the restoration effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on mitochondria. In vivo, we found that excessive exercise could cause oxidative stress statue which led to morphological and functional changes of mitochondria. The changes, including imbalance between mitochondria fusion‐fission processes, activation of mitophagy, and decrease of PGC‐1α expression, could be restored by APS. We further confirmed in vitro, and what is more, we found that APS may ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction through Sirt1 pathway. Based on the results, we may figure out part of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial amelioration by APS.
Changes of Serum Total and Free Testosterone Concentrations in Male Chronic Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Response to Cinacalcet Treatment
Authors: Kuczera Piotr , Adamczak Marcin , Wiecek Andrzej
Published: January 2016

Background/Aims: Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed, among others also in testis. Cinacalcet binds to the CaSR, increases sensitivity of CaSR to serum calcium and is used in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) in chronic hemodialysis patients (HDP). In most of male HDP, serum testosterone concentration is lower than in healthy males. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of six-month treatment with cinacalcet on the serum total and free testosterone concentration in male HDP with sHPT. Methods: 38 male, hemodialysed CKD patients with sHPT (PTH>300 pg/ml) were enrolled into the study. In each patient serum PTH, total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) concentrations were assessed before the first dose of cinacalcet and then after 3 and 6 months of treatment. The results are presented as means with 95% confidence interval. Results: In 33 patients who completed the study cinacalcet treatment caused significant decrease of serum PTH from 1143 pg/ml (828 - 1458 pg/ml) at the baseline, to 809 pg/ml (487 - 1132pg/ml) after 3 month of treatment (p = 0.002), and to 607 pg/ml (281 - 934pg/ml; p < 0.0001) after 6 months of treatment. Serum TT concentration also decreased from 4.95ng/ml (4.23 - 5.67 ng/ml) to 4.45 ng/ml (3.85 - 5.06ng/ml) and to 4.39 ng/ml (3.75 - 5.03ng/ml), respectively (p for trend = 0.009). Moreover, serum FT concentration decreased from 6.95 pg/ml (5.54 - 8.36pg/ml) to 5.98 pg/ml (5.00-6.94 pg/ml); p = 0.14 and to 5.60 pg/ml (4.63 - 6.57 pg/ml); p = 0.034, respectively (p for trend = 0.012). Conclusion: Treatment with cinacalcet decreases serum total and free testosterone concentration in male hemodialysed patients with chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Pancreatic Kininogenase Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis in Streptozotocin Induced-Diabetic Nephropathy Rat
Authors: Zhu Dan , Zhang Linlin , Cheng Lijuan , Ren Liansheng , Tang Jie , Sun Dianjun
Published: January 2016

Background/Aims: We aimed to evaluate whether pancreatic kininogenase (PKase) can relieve renal fibrosis and investigate its mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats Methods: We established streptozotocin (STZ) induced-DN rats. After treatment with PKase for 4 weeks, urinary weight, urinary protein content and blood glucose concentration were detected, and then renal histopathological changes were examined using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Masson's thrchrome staining. In addition, the expressions of miR-433, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1) were detected by qRT-PCR and/or western blotting. Results: PKase reduced urinary weight, urinary protein contents and blood glucose concentrations. PKase treated DN rats exhibited less renal fibrosis than untreated DN rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of TGF-β and miR-433 were reduced (P < 0.05), while Azin1 expression was increased in renal tissues of PKase treated DN rats compared with untreated DN rats (P < 0.05). Conclusions: PKase might not only inhibit the development of DN by reducing urinary weight, urinary protein content and blood glucose concentration in DN rats, but also relieve renal fibrosis in DN rats through inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, and miR-433 and Azin1 might involve in this process.
Scapular Morphology and Forelimb Use during Foraging in Four Sympatric Cercopithecids
Authors: Dunham Noah T. , Kane Erin E. , Scott McGraw W.
Published: January 2016

Most investigations of primate scapular morphology use differences in locomotion to explain variation; less is known about how scapular geometry covaries with nonlocomotor behavior. We examined forelimb use during foraging in 4 cercopithecids ranging throughout the Ivory Coast's Tai Forest. During 5-min feeding bouts, we recorded the frequency individuals of Piliocolobus badius, Colobus polykomos, Cercocebus atys and Cercopithecus diana performed 5 forelimb behaviors involved in the acquisition and introduction of food to the oral cavity. Scapulae from these populations were examined to determine whether differences in forelimb use were reflected in features known to correspond with varying degrees of arm flexion, abduction and elevation. Our results reveal that the species differ markedly in forelimb use and that these differences are interpretable via their scapular morphology. For example, P. badius engages in more frequent flexion, abduction and elevation of the arm above the head relative to C. polykomos, and red colobus scapulae are longer craniocaudally and have larger, more cranially directed supraspinous fossae than those of closely related black-and-white colobus. Our attempt to explore how nonlocomotor behavior covaries with skeletal morphology should provide for more informed interpretations of the primate fossil record.
Refeeding Syndrome: An Important Complication Following Obesity Surgery
Authors: Chiappetta Sonja , Stein Jürgen
Published: January 2016

Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is an important and well-known complication in malnourished patients, but the incidence of RFS after obesity surgery is unknown and the awareness of RFS in obese patients as a postsurgical complication must be raised. We present a case of RFS subsequent to biliopancreatic diversion in a morbidly obese patient. Case Report: A 48-year-old female patient with a BMI of 41.5 kg/m2 was transferred to our hospital due to Wernicke‘s Encephalopathy in a global malabsorptive syndrome after biliopancreatic diversion. Parenteral nutrition, vitamin supplementation and high-dosed intravenous thiamine supplementation were initiated. After 14 days, the patient started to develop acute respiratory failure, and neurological functions were impaired. Blood values showed significant electrolyte disturbances. RFS was diagnosed and managed according to the NICE guidelines. After 14 days, phosphate levels had returned to normal range, and neurological symptoms were improved. Conclusion: Extreme weight loss following obesity surgery has been shown to be associated with undernutrition. These patients are at high risk for evolving RFS, even though they may still be obese. Awareness of RFS as a postsurgical complication, the identification of patients at risk as well as prevention and correct management should be routinely performed at every bariatric center.
Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka
Authors: ZOYSA H. K. S. DE , NGUYEN ANH D. , WICKRAMASINGHE S.
Published: January 2016

This review lists the currently known species of millepedes in Sri Lanka and discusses their current taxonomic status and distribution based on previous studies from 1865 to date. A total of 104 millipede species belonging to 44 genera, 18 families and nine orders have been recorded in Sri Lanka. Of these, 82 are known only from Sri Lanka; additionally, nine genera and one family are known only from Sri Lanka. Most of the millipede species have been recorded from two localities, namely Pundaluoya and Kandy in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Current knowledge on the taxonomy, evolutionary relationships, distribution and conservation of the millipedes of Sri Lanka is still limited and scattered. Thus we suggest more intensive surveys to acquire comprehensive data on the millipedes of Sri Lanka.
A new genus Carinopius gen. n. of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera,
Braconidae) from China and Vietnam, with description of a new species
Authors: TAN JIANG-LI , TAN QING-QING , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: January 2016

Carinopius gen. n. (type species: Carinopius albocoxalis Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n.) from China (Yunnan) and Vietnam is described and illustrated (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae).
Loricophrya bosporica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) epibiont of Desmoscolex minutus (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida) from oxic/anoxic boundary of the Black Sea Istanbul Strait’s outlet area
Authors: SERGEEVA NELLI , DOVGAL IGOR
Published: January 2016

A suctorian ciliate Loricophrya bosporica sp. nov. is described from the body surface of nematodes of genus Desmoscolex collected in oxic/anoxic boundary of the Bosporus outlet area of the Black Sea. The new species differs from relative species L. sivertseni by development of its body, which takes no more than half, or a third of the lorica length, absence of crown-like projections at the lorica edge as for adhesive disk. From L. tuba new species differs by considerably shorter stylotheca and prevalence to nematode host instead of echinoderms.
A review of the New Caledonian Arpactophilus (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
Authors: BREITKREUZ LAURA C.V. , OHL MICHAEL , ENGEL MICHAEL S.
Published: January 2016

The diverse and unique fauna of the apoid wasp genus Arpactophilus Smith (Pemphredoninae: Stigmini: Spilomenina) occurring in New Caledonia is reviewed. The previously documented diversity of 17 species is expanded to a total of 48, with 31 new species described and figured from across the main island. The new species proposed here are: Arpactophilus arha, A. arhoe, A. bwatoo, A. caac, A. cemuhi, A. drehu, A. drubea, A. fagauvea, A. futuna, A. fwai, A. haveke, A. iaai, A. jawe, A. kumak, A. merle, A. nemi, A. nengone, A. nere, A. numee, A. nyelayu, A. orowe, A. paici, A. pije, A. pwaamei, A. pwapwa, A. tayo, A. tiri, A. vamale, A. xaracuu, A. xaragure, and A. yuanga, spp. nov. Diagnoses are provided for those previously described species and a key to the fauna presented, although six species are considered of uncertain identity: A. arboreus Bohart, A. dolichocara Bohart, A. kraussi Bohart, A. nemoralis Bohart, A. nigripes Bohart, and A. sylvaticus Bohart. Brief comments are made regarding the unique species radiation occurring in New Caledonia and the potential for future discoveries in the systematics and biology of Australasian Arpactophilus.
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical pirate spiders of the genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the description of five new species
Authors: BENAVIDES LIGIA R. , HORMIGA GUSTAVO
Published: January 2016

We revise the Neotropical spider genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Mimetidae). Gelanor is distributed from northeast Mexico to southern Uruguay , from sea level to 1,600 m. We describe five new species of Gelanor and report eleven new synonymies. Gelanor is here circumscribed to include ten species: Gelanor fortuna new species, Gelanor juruti new species, Gelanor moyobamba new species, Gelanor siquirres new species, Gelanor waorani new species, Gelanor altithorax Keyserling, 1893 (= Gelanor lanei Soares, 1941 new synonymy), Gelanor consequus O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 (= Gelanor depressus Chickering, 1956 new synonymy, Gelanor gertschi Chickering, 1947 new synonymy and Gelanor heraldicus Petrunkevitch, 1925 new synonymy), Gelanor innominatus Chamberlin, 1916, Gelanor latus (Keyserling, 1881) (= Gelanor mixtus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 new synonymy, Gelanor mabelae Chickering, 1947 new synonymy, Gelanor ornatus Schenkel, 1953 new synonymy and Gelanor proximus Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy) and Gelanor zonatus (C.L. Koch, 1845) (= Gelanor distinctus O-P. Cambridge, 1899 new synonymy, Gelanor insularis Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy and Gelanor obscurus Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy). In addition, we describe for the first time the males of G. altithorax and G. consequus. Species descriptions are provided for all ten species in the genus, together with a compilation of available data, including type specimens, type localities and morphological diagnoses. Light and electron microscope images and updated data on known geographical distributions, are also provided. We also discuss the phylogenetic placement of Gelanor in Mimetidae.
The Geometrinae of Ethiopia II: Tribus Hemistolini, genus Prasinocyma
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae)
Authors: HAUSMANN AXEL , SCIARRETTA ANDREA , PARISI FRANCESCO
Published: January 2016

In this paper we present a checklist and integrative revision for the genus Prasinocyma (Geometridae, Geometrinae, Hemistolini). With this contribution the checklist for the genus Prasinocyma in Ethiopia increases from eight to 40 species. Nineteen species and five subspecies are described as new for the science: Prasinocyma pedicata aethiopica subsp. n., Prasinocyma angolica pseudopedicata subsp. n., Prasinocyma bongaensis sp. n., Prasinocyma getachewi sp. n., Prasinocyma baumgaertneri sp. n., Prasinocyma robusta sp. n., Prasinocyma shoa yabellensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma amharensis sp. n., Prasinocyma magica sp. n., Prasinocyma batesi distans subsp. n., Prasinocyma monikae sp. n., Prasinocyma fusca sp. n., Prasinocyma leveneorum sp. n., Prasinocyma aquamarina sp. n., Prasinocyma beryllaria sp. n., Prasinocyma lutulenta sp. n., Prasinocyma septentrionalis sp. n., Prasinocyma fallax sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai simienensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma angulifera sp. n., Prasinocyma stefani sp. n., Prasinocyma gemmifera sp. n., Prasinocyma discipuncta sp. n. Prasinocyma thiaucourti Herbulot, 1993 is downgraded from species rank to subspecies of P. immaculata (Thunberg, 1784) (stat. n.). Prasinocyma unipuncta Warren, 1897 is downgraded from species rank to synonymy of P. immaculata (Thunberg, 1784) (syn. n.). Prasinocyma nereis Townsend, 1952 (comb.n.) is transferred from genus Eretmopus to Prasinocyma. Thalassodes camerunalta Herbulot, 1986 (comb.n.) is transferred from genus Thalassodes to Prasinocyma. Thalassodini (syn.n.) are downgraded to synonymy of Hemistolini, here.
Extratropical Impacts on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Zhang Gan , Wang Zhuo , Dunkerton Timothy J. , Peng Melinda S. , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: January 2016

With warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Atlantic and cold SST anomalies in the east Pacific, the unusually quiet hurricane season in 2013 was a surprise to the hurricane community. The authors’ analyses suggest that the substantially suppressed Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity in August 2013 can be attributed to frequent breaking of midlatitude Rossby waves, which led to the equatorward intrusion of cold and dry extratropical air. The resultant mid- to upper-tropospheric dryness and strong vertical wind shear hindered TC development. Using the empirical orthogonal function analysis, the active Rossby wave breaking in August 2013 was found to be associated with a recurrent mode of the midlatitude jet stream over the North Atlantic, which represents the variability of the intensity and zonal extent of the jet. This mode is significantly correlated with Atlantic hurricane frequency. The correlation coefficient is comparable to the correlation of Atlantic hurricane frequency with the main development region (MDR) relative SST and higher than that with the Niño-3.4 index. This study highlights the extratropical impacts on Atlantic TC activity, which may have important implications for the seasonal predictability of Atlantic TCs.
A Geostatistical Framework for Quantifying the Temporal Evolution and Predictability of Rainfall Fields
Authors: Schleiss Marc
Published: January 2016

A geostatistical framework for quantifying the temporal evolution and predictability of rainfall fields for time lags between 5 min and 3 h is proposed. The method is based on the computation of experimental space–time variogram maps of radar reflectivity fields. Two new metrics for quantifying temporal innovation and predictability based on minimum semivariance values at different time lags are proposed. The method is applied to high-resolution composite radar reflectivity maps over the United States to study the evolution of 25 convective and 25 stratiform events during the warm season of 2014. Results show that the temporal innovation can be modeled as the sum of two exponential functions of time lag, with approximately 50% of the total innovation occurring over the first 60 min. The median predictable scales for convective events are on the order of 1.6 km at 5 min, 5 km at 15 min, and 12.7 km at 1 h. Furthermore, the optimal time lag for predicting future innovation, taking into account measurement uncertainty and natural variability, appears to be between 30 and 60 min.
Loyal to Whom? The Effect of Relational Embeddedness and Managers’ Mobility on Market Tie Dissolution
Authors: Bermiss Y. Sekou , Greenbaum Bruce E.
Published: January 2016

In this study we use a social embeddedness perspective to investigate the paradoxical role that individual-level embedded relationships have on the dissolution of interorganizational ties. Prior studies have found that managers who form close interpersonal relationships with clients can stabilize market ties, but these relationships can also be a source of increased market tie dissolution in the event of an exchange manager’s departure from the firm. Using data on all state-level lobbyists and clients in the Texas lobbying industry from 2001 to 2009, we confirm that a client is more likely to remain with a firm than to follow a departing manager to a new firm, but the depth, focus, and shared ownership of a manager’s client relationship moderate the impact of his or her mobility on market tie dissolution. We find that the tenure of the relationship with a manager, the number of clients on a manager’s roster, the level of attention received from a manager, and the presence of an additional manager relationship at the same firm all influence where a client places its business when a manager departs. Our results suggest that embeddedness explanations strongly predict interpersonal market tie dissolution when managers are stationary but lose their predictive power when managers move to new firms. We propose that an alternative logic of interorganizational market ties, based on power and resource dependence, may be at play in such situations.
Different values of urinary fractionated metanephrines after unilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma according to time intervals after surgery
Authors: Cho Yoon Y , Kim Young N , Kim Jung-Han , Jeong Byong C , Lee Soo-Youn , Kim Jae H
Published: January 2016

Background

After adrenalectomy, urinary fractionated metanephrine concentrations are expected to be reduced. However, there are few studies suggesting cut-offs for adrenalectomy patients.

Methods

Urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine concentrations in adrenalectomy patients and two controls were compared and hormonal concentrations were evaluated via time intervals after surgery.

Results

The median urinary metanephrine level after unilateral adrenalectomy was lower than that of the non-pheochromocytoma controls but comparable to healthy controls. Urinary normetanephrine concentrations did not differ between adrenalectomy patients and non-pheochromocytoma controls, although both group had levels higher than those of healthy controls. The median urinary normetanephrine level in the immediate postoperative period was higher than in the later period.

Conclusions

Urinary metanephrine concentrations were lower after adrenalectomy, but urinary normetanephrine concentrations were not changed compared with the non-pheochromocytoma controls. However, urinary normetanephrine concentrations in the patient group were higher than levels in the heathy controls.
The Dark Side of Transnationalism Social Engineering and Nazism, 1930s–40s
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus , Reichardt Sven
Published: January 2016

This article introduces the special section on the history of social engineering and Nazism during the 1930s and 1940s. It sketches the object of social engineering, the historiographical debates surrounding it, the place of Nazism in this discussion and the role of transnationality. Moreover, it introduces the contributions and discusses questions for further research.
Teachers as Creative Designers in Transnationalism
Authors: Malsbary Christine Brigid
Published: January 2016

The current goals of the standards-based reform environment can be limiting to teachers’ freedom and creativity. This occurs at a time when immigrant diversity transforms U.S. cities and innovative pedagogical responses are increasingly necessary. The confluence of these two processes is underexplored. Ethnography in New York City and Los Angeles demonstrated how, in classrooms serving immigrant ELs often characterized as the forgotten, neglected “margins” (hooks, 1994) three teachers responded to their transnational, multilingual contexts by developing creative practices. Case studies describe teachers as designers who enacted (a) contextually relevant curriculum making, (b) epistemically open assessment, and (c) critical languaging. It is argued that teachers who work with immigrant ELs in complex contexts are provided with opportunities to be creative designers—an opportunity currently limited by the standards-based reform movement in schools.
The Effects of High-Stakes Accountability Measures on Students With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Blaise Jean G.
Published: January 2016

This article reports on a 3-year ethnographic study in a Boston Public school of the performance of Haitian students on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) and its lasting and likely impact upon them. MCAS is a mandated exam required for students to graduate from high school. Although there are certain provisions for students with limited English proficiency (LEP) to participate under the mandate, LEP students face the test with an enormous disadvantage compared with other students. The issue of second language acquisition appears to have been completely dismissed in the mandated policy. In light of the challenges faced by students with LEP, the article focuses on the core issues at hand in the Massachusetts standardized exam. It analyzes the complexities of language use and acquisition with respect to students with LEP, the pitfalls of the mandated exam, and the effects and impacts created by MCAS on students and their communities. It suggests that an educational system should take into consideration the complexity of acquiring a second language in a particular social context and develop new testing policies and requirements for students whose first language is not English.
Reading Interventionist Research in Two Urban Elementary Schools Through a Discursive Lens
Authors: Ippolito John
Published: January 2016

In this study, I reframe the debate on minority parents and their children’s educators by moving beyond concerns around student academic achievement and toward the quality of relationships among adult stakeholders. Using an interpretive lens based on Foucault’s notion of discourse, I examine three research vignettes drawn from an interventionist research project in two urban elementary schools. This examination identifies and responds to interpersonal, inter-institutional, and inter-epistemological dysfunctions. I make a concluding case for the transformative potential in the interplay of discourses: When inequalities and exclusions are redressed in the research, the project realizes a discursive and ethical possibility.
“Moneybags Must Be So Lucky”
Authors: Ascher Ivan
Published: January 2016

In the nineteenth century, Karl Marx wondered how it was possible for the exchange of commodities to generate so much wealth for some and so much misery for the others. A similar question now haunts our discussions of financial markets: how can the expanding trade in financial securities create such extraordinary wealth for the financiers while creating increasing vulnerability for the rest of us? Taking a leaf out of Marx’s playbook, I propose in this essay to follow Moneybags to the market and consider what he finds there. In the nineteenth century, Moneybags was able to purchase labor-power at its value while somehow generating more value merely from using it; by the late twentieth century, it appears that Moneybags is similarly able, in all good conscience, to acquire other people’s probability—their ability, that is, to make promises and to be believed—while somehow becoming more credible in the process.
Democracy and Unfreedom: Revisiting Tocqueville and Beaumont in America
Authors: Benson Sara M.
Published: January 2016

This essay reexamines the famous 1831 prison tours of Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont. It reads the three texts that emerged from their collective research practice as a trilogy, one conventionally read in different disciplinary homes ( Democracy in America in political science, On the Penitentiary in criminology, and Marie, Or Slavery: A Novel of Jacksonian America in literature). I argue that in marginalizing the trilogy’s important critique of slavery and punishment, scholars have overemphasized the centrality of free institutions and ignored the unfree institutions that also anchor American political life. The article urges scholars in political theory and political science to attend to this formative moment in mass incarceration and carceral democracy.
One Bias Fits All? Three Types of Media Bias and Their Effects on Party Preferences
Authors: Eberl Jakob-Moritz , Boomgaarden Hajo G. , Wagner Markus
Published: January 2016

Bias in political news coverage may have a profound influence on voter opinions and preferences. However, the concept of media bias actually encompasses different sub-types: Visibility bias is the salience of political actors, tonality bias the evaluation of these actors, and agenda bias the extent to which parties address preferred issues in media coverage. The present study is the first to explore how each type of bias influences party preferences. Using data from the Austrian parliamentary election campaign of 2013, we combine an online panel survey ( n = 1,285) with measures of media bias from content analyses of party press releases ( n = 1,922) and media coverage in eight newspapers ( n = 6,970). We find substantial effects on party preferences for tonality bias and agenda bias, while visibility bias has no clear impact. Voters who are less politically sophisticated and lack a party identification are more susceptible to bias, and media bias can also reinforce existing partisan identities.
Scholarly Collaboration in Regional Science in Developing Countries
Authors: Haddad Eduardo A. , Mena-Chalco Jesús P. , Sidone Otávio J. G.
Published: January 2016

The Regional Economics Applications Laboratory (REAL) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2014. Since then, REAL has become one of the leading research centers of regional science worldwide. In this article, we describe the scholarly network involving REAL’s alumni working in academia in Brazil. We analyze the patterns of research collaboration among around fifty Brazilian researchers whose main activities are related to academic institutions in Brazil. The Brazilian REAL network has shown to be an interesting case study that reflects the pattern of evolving collaboration networks in scientifically emerging economies. The expansion of the REAL scientific collaboration network in Brazil emerges as a relevant mechanism for both a qualitative leap in national scientific production in regional science and for the dissemination of knowledge in peripheral regions of the country. Conducted under the leadership of Geoffrey J. D. Hewings, it has helped to develop regional science in the country still further. This case study serves as an example of knowledge diffusion and of the role played by key researchers in the evolution of this network, providing a contribution to the science of research and innovation.
Segmentation of Breast Lesions in Ultrasound Images through Multiresolution Analysis Using Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Prabusankarlal K. M. , Thirumoorthy P. , Manavalan R.
Published: January 2016

Earliest detection and diagnosis of breast cancer reduces mortality rate of patients by increasing the treatment options. A novel method for the segmentation of breast ultrasound images is proposed in this work. The proposed method utilizes undecimated discrete wavelet transform to perform multiresolution analysis of the input ultrasound image. As the resolution level increases, although the effect of noise reduces, the details of the image also dilute. The appropriate resolution level, which contains essential details of the tumor, is automatically selected through mean structural similarity. The feature vector for each pixel is constructed by sampling intra-resolution and inter-resolution data of the image. The dimensionality of feature vectors is reduced by using principal components analysis. The reduced set of feature vectors is segmented into two disjoint clusters using spatial regularized fuzzy c-means algorithm. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by using four validation metrics on a breast ultrasound database of 150 images including 90 benign and 60 malignant cases. The algorithm produced significantly better segmentation results (Dice coef = 0.8595, boundary displacement error = 9.796, dvi = 1.744, and global consistency error = 0.1835) than the other three state of the art methods.
Shared Cognitive–Emotional–Interactional Platforms
Authors: Boix Mansilla Veronica , Lamont Michèle , Sato Kyoko
Published: January 2016

Given the growing centrality of interdisciplinarity to scientific research, gaining a better understanding of successful interdisciplinary collaborations has become imperative. Drawing on extensive case studies of nine research networks in the social, natural, and computational sciences, we propose a construct that captures the multidimensional character of such collaborations, that of a shared cognitive–emotional–interactional (SCEI) platform. We demonstrate its value as an integrative lens to examine markers of and conditions for successful interdisciplinary collaborations as defined by researchers involved in these groups. We show that (1) markers and conditions embody three different dimensions: cognitive, emotional, and interactional; (2) these dimensions are present in all networks, albeit to different degrees; (3) the dimensions are intertwined and mutually constitutive; and (4) they operate in conjunction with institutional conditions created by funders. We compare the SCEI platforms to available frameworks for successful interdisciplinary work.
A semantic-based approach for querying linked data using natural language
Authors: Paredes-Valverde Mario Andrés , Valencia-García Rafael , Rodríguez-García Miguel Ángel , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo , Alor-Hernández Giner
Published: January 2016

The semantic Web aims to provide to Web information with a well-defined meaning and make it understandable not only by humans but also by computers, thus allowing the automation, integration and reuse of high-quality information across different applications. However, current information retrieval mechanisms for semantic knowledge bases are intended to be only used by expert users. In this work, we propose a natural language interface that allows non-expert users the access to this kind of information through formulating queries in natural language. The present approach uses a domain-independent ontology model to represent the question’s structure and context. Also, this model allows determination of the answer type expected by the user based on a proposed question classification. To prove the effectiveness of our approach, we have conducted an evaluation in the music domain using LinkedBrainz, an effort to provide the MusicBrainz information as structured data on the Web by means of Semantic Web technologies. Our proposal obtained encouraging results based on the F-measure metric, ranging from 0.74 to 0.82 for a corpus of questions generated by a group of real-world end users.
Isolated metastasis of testicular seminoma to extralobar pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Fudulu Daniel , Casali Gianluca , Sohail Muhammed , Krishnadas Rakesh
Published: January 2016

This case report describes a 46-year-old patient with a very unusual pattern of isolated metastasis to an extralobar pulmonary sequestration following orchidectomy for seminoma. The patient underwent uncomplicated video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of the metastasis, involving the whole of the sequestration mass.
Weight-related social control and relationship quality
Authors: Burke Tricia J. , Segrin Chris
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate accuracy and bias effects in partners' reports and perceptions of diet- and exercise-related social control in conjunction with their relationship satisfaction. Actor–partner interdependence mediation models (APIMeM) were used to examine the reports of diet- and exercise-related social control in 192 couples. In line with the accuracy and bias framework, we found that couples are accurate and biased with regard to their social control attempts and that accuracy and bias were associated with relationship satisfaction for positive social control. Individuals also reported greater relationship satisfaction when they reported using less negative social control and when they perceived more positive social control from their partners. These findings provide corroboration for self-reports of social influence in close relationships while simultaneously demonstrating bias in perceptions of partners’ social control and highlighting concurrent associations with people’s relationship satisfaction.
Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: A white paper from the European Association for Palliative Care
Authors: Radbruch Lukas , Leget Carlo , Bahr Patrick , Müller-Busch Christof , Ellershaw John , de Conno Franco , Vanden Berghe Paul ,   on behalf of the board members of the EAPC
Published: January 2016

Background:

In recognition of the ongoing discussion on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, the Board of Directors of the European Association for Palliative Care commissioned this white paper from the palliative care perspective.

Aim:

This white paper aims to provide an ethical framework for palliative care professionals on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. It also aims to provide an overview on the available evidence as well as a discourse of ethical principles related to these issues.

Design:

Starting from a 2003 European Association for Palliative Care position paper, 21 statements were drafted and submitted to a five-round Delphi process

Participants:

A panel with 17 experts commented on the paper in round 1. Board members of national palliative care or hospice associations that are collective members of European Association for Palliative Care were invited to an online survey in rounds 2 and 3. The expert panel and the European Association for Palliative Care board members participated in rounds 4 and 5. This final version was adopted as an official position paper of the European Association for Palliative Care in April 2015.

Results:

Main topics of the white paper are concepts and definitions of palliative care, its values and philosophy, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, key issues on the patient and the organizational level. The consensus process confirmed the 2003 European Association for Palliative Care white paper and its position on the relationship between palliative care and euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.

Conclusion:

The European Association for Palliative Care feels that it is important to contribute to informed public debates on these issues. Complete consensus seems to be unachievable due to incompatible normative frameworks that clash.
Dissociative Experiences and Psychopathology Among Inmates in Italian and Portuguese Prisons
Authors: Zavattini Giulio Cesare , Garofalo Carlo , Velotti Patrizia , Tommasi Marco , Romanelli Roberta , Santo Helena Espírito , Costa Mara , Saggino Aristide
Published: January 2016

The association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms is well established, yet studies with inmates are lacking. If higher rates of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms are reported in inmate samples, it is not clear whether they represent two separate, albeit related, characteristics. We examined the association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms among 320 Italian subjects (122 inmates and 198 community participants) and a Portuguese inmate sample ( n = 67). Then, we tested whether dissociation and psychopathology levels were higher among inmates. Both hypotheses were supported, confirming the relevance of dissociative, paranoid, and psychotic symptoms among inmates, as well as their interrelations. Notably, the group difference in dissociation remained significant after partialing out the variance associated with other psychopathological symptoms. Conversely, only the difference in paranoid symptoms remained—marginally—significant when controlling for the influence of dissociation. This finding suggests that dissociation may have unique relevance for the psychological functioning of inmates.
Dynamic failure of fibre-metal laminates under impact loading – experimental observations
Authors: Li Xin , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Bassiri Nia Amin , Wang Zhihua , Lu Guoxing
Published: January 2016

The dynamic failure of fibre metal laminates was investigated experimentally. A projectile of hemispherical head with a diameter of 36.5 mm was used to impact the fibre metal laminate panels. Three types of woven fibre fabrics (Basalt, S2-glass and Kevlar-29) were used to reinforce the aluminum sheets. Tests on these fibre metal laminate panels were conducted by using an aerodynamic gun with the impact velocity ranging from 20.6 m/s to 42.8 m/s. Different deformation/failure modes of fibre metal laminates were obtained by varying the impact energy. The failure mechanisms of composite layers were examined by the field emission scanning electron microscope. The results showed that before the fibre metal laminate panels were penetrated, the global deformation increased with the impact velocity. However, evident reduction of global deformation can be observed after penetration occurred. Damages of fibre metal laminate panels such as tearing of aluminum ply, fibre fracture, matrix cracks and debonding/delamination were observed around the impact region. The results indicate that basalt reinforced aluminum laminates perform well in terms of impact resistance and offer significant potential in engineering applications.
Active Transportation by Transit-Dependent and Choice Riders and Potential Displacement of Leisure Physical Activity
Authors: Lachapelle Ugo , Frank Lawrence D. , Sallis James F. , Saelens Brian E. , Conway Terry L.
Published: January 2016

Public transit users are expected to have higher levels of active transportation (AT, walking and bicycling) because they often need to walk to and from transit. Surveys in Baltimore and Seattle ( n = 1,622) revealed that transit users performed more AT than nonusers, especially when dependent on transit. Health benefits and impacts of their limited travel options are discussed. Choice transit riders, who use transit and have a car, and dependent transit riders, who are limited to transit use, are compared for differences in AT and leisure physical activity time (LPA). Less LPA is explored as a consequence of the additional AT.
Radiographic and Clinical Predictors of Cardiac Dysfunction Following Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Urdaneta Alfredo E. , Fink Kathleen R. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Vavilala Monica S.
Published: January 2016

Introduction:

Although cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been described, there is little data regarding the association of radiographic severity and particular lesions of TBI with the development of cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesize that the Rotterdam or Marshall scores and particular TBI lesions are associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction after isolated TBI.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study. Adult patients with isolated TBI who underwent echocardiography between 2003 and 2010 were included. A board-certified neuroradiologist assessed the first computed tomography head, assigning the Rotterdam and Marshall scores and the type of TBI. Cardiac dysfunction was defined as either systolic or all cause based on the first echocardiogram after TBI. Demographic, radiological, and clinical variables were used in our analysis.

Results:

A total of 139 patients were identified, with 20 having isolated systolic dysfunction. The Marshall and Rotterdam scores were not associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction. Only head Abbreviated Injury Scale was found to be an independent predictor of systolic cardiac dysfunction (relative risk: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-6.13; P = .02).

Conclusions:

No specific radiographic variable was found to be an independent predictor of cardiac dysfunction. Further study into clinical or radiological features that would warrant an echocardiogram is warranted, as it may direct patient management.
Looking Back and Moving Ahead
Authors: Rock Marcia L. , Cheek Aftynne E. , Sullivan Melissa E. , Jones Jennie L. , Holden Kara B. , Kang Jeongae
Published: January 2016

We conducted a content analysis to examine trends in articles published between 1996 and 2014 in two journals— Teacher Education and Special Education ( TESE) and the Journal of Teacher Education ( JTE). Across both journals, we coded 1,062 articles categorically based on multiple attributes (e.g., type, topics, methodology, funding, geographic location, and student outcomes). We then analyzed these data using visual inspection, magnitude of trend, and percent of change. Most notably, we confirmed reductions in nonempirical articles, survey research, qualitative inquiries, and program descriptions. By contrast, we observed increases in articles that included P-12 student outcomes and in quantitative research, as well as in topics of in-service, global, and clinical experiences. Taken together, these findings allow us to chart a path forward for teacher development research, policy, and practice.
We-focused and I-focused stories of World War II in guided tours at a Japanese American museum
Authors: Burdelski Matthew
Published: January 2016

This article examines stories of personal experience of World War II in guided tours at a Japanese American museum and analyzes the positioning practices deployed in constructing identity within the story world and storytelling. In particular, it shows how older Japanese American docents tell we-focused stories in positioning themselves as part of a group of Japanese Americans and family who were relocated and incarcerated during the war, and I-focused stories in positioning themselves as individuals who acted in response to unexpected events linked to relationships and institutions. The analysis points out ways docents display stances toward past events and ways visitors participate in the telling such as by posing questions. It suggests that stories of personal experience are a vehicle for constructing identities that draw upon historical events, autobiographies, story structure, and interactional contingencies. The findings are related to stories as a tool of teaching and engaging museum visitors.
The Use of Religious Coping Methods in a Secular Society
Authors: Ahmadi Nader , Ahmadi Fereshteh
Published: January 2016

In the present article, based on results from a survey study in Sweden among 2,355 cancer patients, the role of religion in coping is discussed. The survey study, in turn, was based on earlier findings from a qualitative study of cancer patients in Sweden. The purpose of the present survey study was to determine to what extent results obtained in the qualitative study can be applied to a wider population of cancer patients in Sweden. The present study shows that use of religious coping methods is infrequent among cancer patients in Sweden. Besides the two methods that are ranked in 12th and 13th place, that is, in the middle (Listening to religious music and Praying to God to make things better), the other religious coping methods receive the lowest rankings, showing how nonsignificant such methods are in coping with cancer in Sweden. However, the question of who turns to God and who is self-reliant in a critical situation is too complicated to be resolved solely in terms of the strength of individuals’ religious commitments. In addition to background and situational factors, the culture in which the individual was socialized is an important factor. Regarding the influence of background variables, the present results show that gender, age, and area of upbringing played an important role in almost all of the religious coping methods our respondents used. In general, people in the oldest age-group, women, and people raised in places with 20,000 or fewer residents had a higher average use of religious coping methods than did younger people, men, and those raised in larger towns.
First-Year GPA and Academic Service Use Among College Students With and Without ADHD
Authors: Gormley Matthew J. , DuPaul George J. , Weyandt Lisa L. , Anastopoulos Arthur D.
Published: January 2016

Objective: ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that typically results in persistent academic difficulties over time. Although most colleges offer support services, students often do not use the available services or those to which they are entitled. The present study examined predictors of academic performance among college students with and without ADHD. In addition, the rate, predictors, and outcomes of academic service use were explored. Methods: A series of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS v. 21 ® software. Results: First year college students with ADHD earned significantly lower grade point averages (GPAs) relative to students without ADHD. Additionally, ADHD combined with other disorders, but not ADHD alone, predicted higher rates of service use relative to students without ADHD. Finally, the findings suggest that typically available academic services are not independently related to GPA among first-year college students with or without ADHD. Conclusion: This study replicates previous work demonstrating significantly lower GPAs among a rigorously defined sample of students with ADHD relative to students without ADHD. Second, this study indicates that traditional predictors of college success may be less meaningful for students with ADHD relative to those without ADHD. Finally, additional research needs to be conducted regarding the use and effectiveness of academic services on college campuses.