bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Media
Authors: Turnipseed William D.
Published: February 2013

Objectives:

Social media has revolutionized interpersonal communication and has become a commonly used public informational resource. This study evaluates the impact of intranet informatics on a specialty practice of vascular surgery.

Methods:

Referral patterns for patients with chronic compartment syndrome (CCS) and popliteal entrapment syndrome (PAES) between 2008 and 2011 were analyzed. Demographics included referral source (physicians, nonphysicians), media resource, and case volume change.

Results:

Prior to 2008, referrals came from local or regional sports medicine practices (100%). Since 2008 this pattern has changed; local/regional (80%), national (15%), and international (5%). Physician referrals dropped from 97% to 70%, and nonphysician referrals increased from 3% to 30%. Both CCS procedures and PAES procedures increased as remote geographic and public referrals increased. Referral change was associated with social media searches using applications such as PubMed and Google.

Conclusion:

Social media is an evolving source of medical information and patient referrals which physicians should cautiously embrace.
Resident Perceptions of an Overt Drug Elimination Strategy
Authors: Hefner M. Kristen , Frabutt James M. , Harvey Lynn K. , Di Luca Kristen L. , Shelton Terri L.
Published: February 2013

Open-air drug markets are destructive to communities and negatively influence community residents. To combat open-air drug markets, a data-driven, focused deterrence approach drawn from David Kennedy’s “pulling levers” framework was used in two North Carolina cities. Until now, the elements of the strategy have only been articulated through the perspective of law-enforcement personnel. However, community residents living in open-air drug market areas offer critical perspectives that frequently go unvoiced. Through the use of focus groups with community residents, this article elucidates the perspectives and perceptions of community residents as they relate to the strategy and emphasizes the imperative community role in deterring drug crime.
Gastric adenocarcinoma: prostatic metastasis
Authors: Al Hooti Qais M , Al Busaidy Salim S , Bhatnagar Gunmala , Shehata Adel M
Published: February 2013

Secondary prostatic neoplasms are usually the result of direct invasion by neighboring organs or infiltration from hematological malignancies. Gastric adenocarcinoma metastasizing in the prostate is extremely rare and to our knowledge only seven cases have been documented in the literature. We report another case of a patient who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outflow obstruction which incidentally revealed an occult metastatic adenocarcinoma from an undiagnosed gastric cancer.
An efferocytosis-induced, IL-4–dependent macrophage-iNKT cell circuit suppresses sterile inflammation and is defective in murine CGD
Authors: Zeng Melody Yue , Pham Duy , Bagaitkar Juhi , Liu Jianyun , Otero Karel , Shan Ming , Wynn Thomas A. , Brombacher Frank , Brutkiewicz Randy R. , Kaplan Mark H. , Dinauer Mary C.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Efferocytosis induces macrophages to produce IL-4 and activate iNKT cells to resolve sterile inflammation. Macrophages in mice with chronic granulomatous disease are defective in activating iNKT cells during sterile inflammation.
Low rate of recurrence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in spite of high clarithromycin resistance in Pakistan
Authors: Yakoob Javed , Abid Shahab , Jafri Wasim , Abbas Zaigham , Mumtaz Khalid , Hamid Saeed , Ahmed Rashida
Published: February 2013

Background

The aim was to investigate the reinfection rate ofH. pyloriduring a follow-up period of 12 months in adults who had undergone eradication therapy.

Methods

One hundred-twenty patients; 116 with gastritis, 3 with duodenal ulcer and 1 gastric ulcer, were studied. Their mean age was 41 ± 13 years (range 18–77) and male: female ratio of 2:1.H. pyloriwere cultured and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by Epsilometer test (E-test) for clarithromycin (CLR) and amoxicillin (AMX). Primers ofurease Cgene ofH. pyloriand Sau-3 and Hha I restriction enzymes were used for polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP).14C urea breath test (14C-UBT) was performed 4 weeks after the eradication therapy. The successfully treated patients were observed for 12 months with14C-UBT to assessH. pyloristatus. If14C-UBT was negative, it was repeated after every 12 weeks. If14C-UBT was positive, endoscopy was repeated with biopsies.

Result

The eradication therapy was successful in 102(85%) patients. Out of forty-sevenH. pyloriisolates cultured, clarithromycin sensitivity was present in 30(64%) and amoxicillin in 45(98%), respectively. Follow-up14C-urea breath tests of all 102 patients who eradicatedH. pyloriremained negative up to 9 months. However, in 6 patients, the14C-UBT confirmed recurrence at 12 months. The recurrence rate was 6%.

Conclusion

A low rate of recurrence ofH. pyloriinfection was found in patients with dyspeptic symptoms.H. pyloriisolates demonstrated a high invitro clarithromycin resistance.
Nucleoplasmic calcium signaling and cell proliferation: calcium signaling in the nucleus
Authors: Resende Rodrigo R , Andrade Lidia M , Oliveira Andre G , Guimarães Erika S , Guatimosim Silvia , Leite M Fatima
Published: February 2013

Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signal transduction element involved in the regulation of several cellular activities and it is required at various key stages of the cell cycle. Intracellular Ca2+ is crucial for the orderly cell cycle progression and plays a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Recently, it was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies that nucleoplasmic Ca2+ regulates cell growth. Even though the mechanism by which nuclear Ca2+ regulates cell proliferation is not completely understood, there are reports demonstrating that activation of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) leads to translocation of RTKs to the nucleus to generate localized nuclear Ca2+ signaling which are believed to modulate cell proliferation. Moreover, nuclear Ca2+ regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth. This review will describe the nuclear Ca2+ signaling machinery and its role in cell proliferation. Additionally, the potential role of nuclear Ca2+ as a target in cancer therapy will be discussed.
How Molecular Testing Can Help (and Hurt) in the Workup of Gliomas
Authors: Clark Kenneth , Voronovich Zoya , Horbinski Craig
Published: February 2013

Advances in genetics research have greatly expanded our ability to accurately diagnose gliomas and provide more useful prognostic information. Herein specific examples are used to show how highyield targets such as EGFR, 1p/19q, IDH1/2, MGMT, and BRAF can expand the power of the surgical neuropathologist. To avoid errors, however, the significance and controversies associated with each test must be thoroughly understood.
Prenatal androgen excess programs metabolic derangements in pubertal female rats
Authors: Yan Xiaonan , Dai Xiaonan , Wang Jing , Zhao Nannan , Cui Yugui , Liu Jiayin
Published: February 2013

Owing to the heterogeneity in the clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the early pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS remain unclear. Clinical, experimental, and genetic evidence supports an interaction between genetic susceptibility and the influence of maternal environment in the pathogenesis of PCOS. To determine whether prenatal androgen exposure induced PCOS-related metabolic derangements during pubertal development, we administrated 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in pregnant rats and observed their female offspring from postnatal 4 to 8 weeks. The prenatally androgenized (PNA) rats exhibited more numerous total follicles, cystic follicles, and atretic follicles than the controls. Fasting glucose, insulin, leptin levels, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were elevated in the PNA rats at the age of 5–8 weeks. Following intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, glucose and insulin levels did not differ between two groups; however, the PNA rats showed significantly higher 30- and 60-min glucose levels than the controls after insulin stimulation during 5–8 weeks. In addition, prenatal DHT treatment significantly decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT in the skeletal muscles of 6-week-old PNA rats. The abundance of IR substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2 was decreased in the skeletal muscles and liver after stimulation with insulin in the PNA group, whereas phosphorylation of insulin-signaling proteins was unaltered in the adipose tissue. These findings validate the contribution of prenatal androgen excess to metabolic derangements in pubertal female rats, and the impaired insulin signaling through IRS and AKT may result in the peripheral insulin resistance during pubertal development.
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus: A Current Review
Authors: Vlad Ionuţ , Popa Amorin Remus
Published: February 2013

Diabetes mellitus represents worldwide an extremely important public healthproblem considering its high prevalence, the serious complications triggered by thedisease, the associated rate of mortality and, not the least, the extremely higheconomic and social costs. In 1995 approximately 135 million persons were affectedby diabetes and an increase of 300 million cases was estimated by the year 2025. Atthe end of 2012 a number of 347 million persons with diabetes was estimated, with aprediction of 552 million cases in 2030, that is 9.9% from the world’s adultpopulation. The question asked on an annual basis is: „Diabetes where do we go?Can we stop the dramatic evolution?”
Solubilization of Hydrophobic Dyes in Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Tehrani-Bagha Ali , Holmberg Krister
Published: February 2013

In this paper, the use of surfactants for solubilization of hydrophobic organic dyes (mainly solvent and disperse dyes) has been reviewed. The effect of parameters such as the chemical structures of the surfactant and the dye, addition of salt and of polyelectrolytes, pH, and temperature on dye solubilization has been discussed. Surfactant self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution and below the concentration where this occurs—the critical micelle concentration (CMC)—there is no solubilization. Above the CMC, the amount of solubilized dye increases linearly with the increase in surfactant concentration. It is demonstrated that different surfactants work best for different dyes. In general, nonionic surfactants have higher solubilization power than anionic and cationic surfactants. It is likely that the reason for the good performance of nonionic surfactants is that they allow dyes to be accommodated not only in the inner, hydrocarbon part of the micelle but also in the headgroup shell. It is demonstrated that the location of a dye in a surfactant micelle can be assessed from the absorption spectrum of the dye-containing micellar solution.
Developing Environmentally Responsible Business Strategies
Authors: Trivedi Bharti
Published: February 2013

This paper reports on a 3 year-long PhD level research study carried out by the author in the development of Environmentally Responsible Business Strategies (ERBS). Although ERBS has taken a long time to develop, it is maturing into an approach used by many organizations in practice. This paper reports on the major elements that form part of ERBS: the business architecture, Green policies, processes that create waste and emissions, enablement of efficient use of resources, metrics for monitoring the greening of the organization, and implementation of environmental strategies. The ERBS is made up of five phases: 1) Green Business architecture, 2) Green Process mapping, 3) Creation of organization specific ERBS, 4) Implement reengineered processes and employ ERBS, and 5) Improve continuously to monetize emissions. This paper further provides a review of environmental challenges and understanding of the contribution of computing to the environmental strategies of a business and its sustainable management.
Theoretical Analysis on Powers-of-Two Applied to JSP
Authors: Mahesh V. , Krishna L. Siva Rama , Dulluri Sandeep , Rao C. S. P.
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses the scheduling of precedence-related jobs non-preemptively in a job shop environment with an objective of minimizing the makespan. Due to the NP-hard nature of the scheduling problems, it is usually difficult to find an exact optimal schedule and hence one should rely on finding a near to optimal solution. This paper proposes a computationally effective powers-of-two heuristic for solving job shop scheduling problem. The authors prove that the makespan obtained through powers-of-two release dates lies within 6% of the optimal value. The authors also prove the efficacy of powers-of-two approach through mathematical induction.
Poverty Reduction in Nigeria Using Information Technology
Authors: Akinyede R. O. , Boyinbode O. K. , Alese B. K.
Published: February 2013

According to a UNDP Report (1998), about 54% of Africa’s population is estimated to live in absolute poverty. Currently in Nigeria, rapid change and vigorous development in information technology (IT) is occurring, changing Nigerians’ way of life, as well as the country’s economic strength, national power, and international competitiveness. The status of a country or nation in the global political and economic framework depends on the general rule of the development and progress of IT. With development and innovation going hand in hand and knowledge becoming one of the most important factors in determining standard of living, most advanced economies and companies today are those that play the knowledge card as a tool to drive development. Therefore, in this paper, the authors examine the categories, causes, and effects of poverty and how poverty reduction can be achieved in Nigeria with information technology (IT).
Web-Based Simulations for the Training of Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Meletiou-Mavrotheris Maria , Mavrou Katerina
Published: February 2013

A crucial step in learning to fly an airplane is to use a simulator, where the risks are minimized or even eliminated, and similar problems and hazards can be replayed and reflected upon time after time. A key aspect of this case study is to exploit such techniques by adopting the latest technological developments in simulating teaching practice to give pre-service teachers more “teaching” experience than would otherwise be practical or possible in typical student teaching placements. The case study explores the affordances offered by digital simulations for contextualizing pre-service teachers’ learning of mathematics content and its pedagogy. Using the simulated classroom SimSchool as a virtual field experience, the authors seek to bridge the classic gap between teacher preparation and practice by creating reality-based learning contexts that strengthen pre-service teachers’ appreciation of how to implement standard-based mathematics instruction in complex classrooms.
Tracking Systems for Multiple Smart Home Residents
Authors: Crandall Aaron S. , Cook Diane J.
Published: February 2013

Once a smart home system moves to a multi-resident situation, it becomes significantly more important that individuals are tracked in some manner. By tracking individuals, the events received from the sensor platform can then be separated into different streams and acted on independently by other tools within the smart home system. This process improves activity detection, history building, and personalized interaction with the intelligent space. Historically, tracking has been primarily approached through a carried wireless device or an imaging system, such as video cameras. These are complicated approaches and still do not always effectively address the problem. Additionally, both of these solutions pose social problems to implement in private homes over long periods of time. This chapter introduces and explores a Bayesian Updating method of tracking individuals through the space that leverages the Center for Advanced Studies in Adaptive Systems (CASAS) technology platform of pervasive and passive sensors. This approach does not require the residents to maintain a wireless device, nor does it incorporate rich sensors with the social privacy issues.
A coupled distributed hydrological-stability analysis on a terraced slope of Valtellina (northern Italy)
Authors: Camera C. , Apuani T. , Masetti M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The aim of this work was to understand and reproduce the hydrological dynamics of a slope, which was terraced using dry-stone retaining walls and its response to these processes in terms of stability at the slope scale. The slope studied is located in Valtellina (northern Italy), near the village of Tresenda, and in the last 30 yr has experienced several soil slip/debris flow events. In 1983 alone, such events caused the death of 18 people. Direct observation of the events of 1983 enabled the principal triggering cause of these events to be recognized in the formation of an overpressure at the base of a dry-stone wall, which caused its failure. To perform the analyses it is necessary to include the presence of dry-stone walls, considering the importance they have in influencing hydrological and geotechnical processes at the slope scale. This requires a very high resolution DEM (1 m × 1 m because the walls are from 0.60 m to 1.0 m wide) that has been appositely derived. A hydrogeological raster-based model, which takes into account both the unsaturated and saturated flux components, was applied. This was able to identify preferential infiltration zones and was rather precise in the prediction of maximum groundwater levels, providing valid input for the distributed stability analysis. Results of the hydrogeological model were used for the successive stability analysis. Sections of terrace were identified from the downslope base of a retaining wall to the top of the next downslope retaining wall. Within each section a global method of equilibrium was applied to determine its safety factor. The stability model showed a general tendency to overestimate the amount of unstable areas. An investigation of the causes of this unexpected behavior was, therefore, also performed in order to progressively improve the reliability of the model.
The simultaneous occurrence of surge and discharge extremes for the Rhine delta
Authors: Kew S. F. , Selten F. M. , Lenderink G. , Hazeleger W.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The low-lying Netherlands is at risk from multiple threats of sea level rise, storm surges and extreme river discharges. Should these threats occur simultaneously, a catastrophe will be at hand. Knowledge about the likelihood of simultaneous occurance or the so-called "compound effect" of such threats is essential to provide guidance on legislation for dike heights, flood barrier design and water management in general. In this study, we explore the simultaneous threats of North Sea storm surges and extreme Rhine river discharge for the current and future climate in a large 17-member global climate model ensemble. We use a simple approach, taking proxies of North-Northwesterly winds over the North Sea and multiple-day precipitation averaged over the Rhine basin for storm surge and discharge respectively, so that a sensitivity analysis is straight forward to apply. By investigating soft extremes, we circumvent the need to extrapolate the data and thereby permit the synoptic development of selected events to be inspected. flood barrier design and water management in general. Our principle finding is that, for the current climate, the probability of extreme surge conditions following extreme 20-day precipitation sums is around 3 times higher than that estimated from treating extreme surge and discharge probabilities as independent, as previously assumed. For the future climate, the assumption of independence cannot be rejected, at least not for precipitation sums exceeding 7 days.
Fermentation and Hydrogen Metabolism Affect Uranium Reduction by Clostridia
Authors: Gao Weimin , Francis Arokiasamy J.
Published: February 2013

Previously, it has been shown that not only is uranium reduction under fermentation condition common among clostridia species, but also the strains differed in the extent of their capability and the pH of the culture significantly affected uranium(VI) reduction. In this study, using HPLC and GC techniques, metabolic properties of those clostridial strains active in uranium reduction under fermentation conditions have been characterized and their effects on capability variance of uranium reduction discussed. Then, the relationship between hydrogen metabolism and uranium reduction has been further explored and the important role played by hydrogenase in uranium(VI) and iron(III) reduction by clostridia demonstrated. When hydrogen was provided as the headspace gas, uranium(VI) reduction occurred in the presence of whole cells of clostridia. This is in contrast to that of nitrogen as the headspace gas. Without clostridia cells, hydrogen alone could not result in uranium(VI) reduction. In alignment with this observation, it was also found that either copper(II) addition or iron depletion in the medium could compromise uranium reduction by clostridia. In the end, a comprehensive model was proposed to explain uranium reduction by clostridia and its relationship to the overall metabolism especially hydrogen (H2) production.
Enhanced Cellulase Production fromBacillus subtilisby Optimizing Physical Parameters for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Deka Deepmoni , Das Saprativ P. , Sahoo Naresh , Das Debasish , Jawed Mohammad , Goyal Dinesh , Goyal Arun
Published: February 2013

Effect of physical parameters such as initial pH, agitation (rpm), and temperature (°C) for cellulase production fromBacillus subtilisAS3 was investigated. Central composite design of experiments followed by multiple desirability function was applied for the optimization of cellulase activity and cell growth. The effect of the temperature and agitation was found to be significant among the three independent variables. The optimum levels of initial pH, temperature, and agitation for alkaline carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) production predicted by the model were 7.2, 39°C, and 121 rpm, respectively. The CMCase activity with unoptimized physical parameters and previously optimized medium composition was 0.43 U/mL. The maximum activity (0.56 U/mL) and cell growth (2.01 mg/mL) predicted by the model were in consensus with values (0.57 U/mL, 2.1 mg/mL) obtained using optimized medium and optimal values of physical parameters. After optimization, 33% enhancement in CMCase activity (0.57 U/mL) was recorded. On scale-up of cellulase production process in bioreactor with all the optimized conditions, an activity of 0.75 U/mL was achieved. Consequently, the bacterial cellulase employed for bioethanol production expending (5%, w/v) NaOH-pretreated wild grass withZymomonas mobilisyielded an utmost ethanol titre of 7.56 g/L and 11.65 g/L at shake flask and bioreactor level, respectively.
Indices de transformation sociale par l’art qui relie une pratique artistique avec et dans la communauté
Authors: Tremblay Joëlle
Published: February 2013

De nombreuses pratiques artistiques s’insèrent dans l’espace social, impliquant des communautés dans le travail de création; quelles pourraient en être les répercussions sociales? Nous appuyons notre réflexion sur une recherche doctorale qui propose une modélisation de l’art qui relie, une pratique artistique avec la communauté. C’est principalement à partir de ses fonctionnements que nous regardons les indices vecteurs d’une transformation des milieux. Après avoir exposé la méthodologie de la recherche, nous situons les fondements de notre expérience à travers une description de l’art qui relie. Nous présentons ensuite les caractéristiques de ce que nous entendons par « oeuvre » et les postures qui imprègnent les actes de notre travail de création. Pour terminer, nous décrivons trois passages caractéristiques de la démarche. Ces passages établissent un agir en commun, qui forme à la fois la matière, les personnes et les communautés; ils instaurent des façons de faire transformatrices. Il sera alors plus précisément question de passer de la curiosité à l’émerveillement, du conforme au singulier, de la performance à l’imperfection.
Influence of Heavy Snow on the Feeding Behavior of Japanese Macaques (Macaca Fuscata) in Northern Japan
Authors: ENARI HIROTO , SAKAMAKI‐ENARI HARUKA
Published: February 2013

Natural disasters can degrade primate habitat and alter feeding behavior. Here, we examined the influence of unusually heavy snow on diet and feeding‐site use by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in northern Japan. To compare the winter‐feeding behavior under different snow conditions, we recorded the plant species foraged on by macaques in multiple transects of the Shirakami Mountains from 2008 to 2012 (excluding 2011). We used cluster analysis to describe foraged plant assemblages, and applied multiple dimensional scaling and decision tree modeling to evaluate annual variation in feeding‐site use by macaques. Our cluster analysis revealed five types of foraged plant assemblages. The proportion of each type present in transects varied considerably across the years, indicating that the diet of macaques in heavy snow conditions was influenced more by resource accessibility than by preference. Multiple dimensional scaling and decision tree modeling demonstrated that heavy snow conditions restricted feeding‐site use. Moreover, the distribution of refuges relative to severe external ambient environments was a stronger limiting factor for feeding‐site use than was the availability of food resources. While most primate species facing unexpected starvation employ risk‐prone foraging tactics (i.e., choosing the option with higher pay‐off by accepting risk), Japanese macaques have a tendency to adopt risk‐averse foraging behavior (i.e., minimizing energy loss when searching for preferred diet items under long‐lasting heavy snow conditions), because winters with temperatures below freezing have higher thermoregulatory costs. Am. J. Primatol. 75:534‐544, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐co‐HFP) hollow fiber membranes prepared from PVDF‐co‐HFP/PEG‐600Mw/DMAC solution for membrane distillation
Authors: Alsalhy Qusay F. , Rashid Khalid T. , Ibrahim Salah S. , Ghanim Abdulsattar H. , Van der Bruggen Bart , Luis Patricia , Zablouk Mumtaz
Published: February 2013

Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐co‐HFP) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by using the phase inversion method. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG‐600Mw) with different concentrations (i.e., 0, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, and 20 wt %) as a pore former on the preparation and characterization of PVDF‐co‐HFP hollow fibers was investigated. The hollow fiber membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and porosity measurement. It was found that there is no significant effect of the PEG concentration on the dimensions of the hollow fibers, whereas the porosity of the hollow fibers increases with increase of PEG concentration. The cross‐sectional structure changed from a sponge‐like structure of the hollow fiber prepared from pure PVDF‐co‐HFP to a finger‐like structure with small sponge‐like layer in the middle of the cross section with increase of PEG concentration. A remarkable undescribed shape of the nodules with different sizes in the outer surfaces, which are denoted as “twisted rope nodules,” was observed. The mean surface roughness of the hollow fiber membranes decreased with an increase of PEG concentration in the polymer solution. The mean pore size of the hollow fibers gradually increased from 99.12 to 368.91 nm with increase of PEG concentration in polymer solution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Solid‐State Luminescence of AuCuAlkynyl Complexes Induced by Metallophilicity‐Driven Aggregation
Authors: Koshevoy Igor O. , Chang Yuh‐Chia , Karttunen Antti J. , Shakirova Julia R. , Jänis Janne , Haukka Matti , Pakkanen Tapani , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: February 2013

A new series of homoleptic alkynyl complexes, [{Au2Cu2(C2R)4}n] (R=C3H7O (1), C6H11O (2), C9H19O (3), C13H11O (4)), were obtained from Au(SC4H8)Cl, Cu(NCMe)4PF6, and the corresponding alkyne in the presence of a base (NEt3). Complexes 1–4 aggregate upon crystallization into polymeric chains through extensive metallophilic interactions. The cluster that contains fluorenolyl functionalities, C13H9O (5), crystallizes in its molecular form as a disolvate, [Au2Cu2(C2C13H9O)4]⋅2 THF. The substitution of weakly bound THF molecules with pyridine molecules leads to the complex [Au2Cu2(C2C13H9O)4]⋅2 py (6), thus giving two polymorphs in the solid state. Such structural diversity is established through metal‐chain and hydrogen‐bond formation, which depends on the stereochemical characteristics of the organic ligands. More interestingly, this solid‐state structural arrangement affords good emission properties, such as intensity and spectroscopic profile, which are otherwise very weakly emissive in solution. Metallophilic aggregation of the {Au2Cu2} cluster units, as observed in the crystals, results in dramatic enhancement of the room‐temperature phosphorescence, thereby reaching a maximum quantum efficiency of 95 % (4). A theoretical approach further indicates a synergistic effect of the array of the metal chain upon aggregation, which greatly enhances the spin‐orbit coupling and, hence, the phosphorescence, thereby opening up a new direction in the field of aggregate‐enhanced emission.
Pebbling Graphs of Fixed Diameter
Authors: Postle Luke
Published: February 2013

Given a configuration of indistinguishable pebbles on the vertices of a connected graph G on n vertices, a pebbling move is defined as the removal of two pebbles from some vertex, and the placement of one pebble on an adjacent vertex. The m‐pebbling number of a graph G, , is the smallest integer k such that for each vertex v and each configuration of k pebbles on G there is a sequence of pebbling moves that places at least m pebbles on v. When , it is simply called the pebbling number of a graph. We prove that if G is a graph of diameter d and are integers, then , where denotes the size of the smallest distance k dominating set, that is the smallest subset of vertices such that every vertex is at most distance k from the set, and, . This generalizes the work of Chan and Godbole (Discrete Math 208 (2008), 15–23) who proved this formula for . As a corollary, we prove that . Furthermore, we prove that if d is odd, then , which in the case of answers for odd d, up to a constant additive factor, a question of Bukh (J Graph Theory 52 (2006), 353–357) about the best possible bound on the pebbling number of a graph with respect to its diameter.
Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Some New Triazol‐3‐one Derivatives
Authors: Menteşe Emre , Özil Musa , Karaoğlu Şengül Alpay , Kahveci Bahittin
Published: February 2013

A growing body of literature has shown the effectiveness of using microwaves in chemical reactions. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a rapid and highly efficient synthesis of some new triazol‐3‐ones via microwave heating using a monomode microwave. Compared with the thermal process, the microwave heating induces a dramatic reduction of the reaction time and improvement of the yields. In this study, rapid N‐benzylation and N‐acetylation of triazol‐3‐ones were achieved by microwave irradiation method for the first time. The newly synthesized compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the standard bacterial and fungal organisms tested.
Cancer of mice and men: old twists and new tails
Authors: van der Weyden Louise , Adams David J
Published: February 2013

In this review we set out to celebrate the contribution that mouse models of human cancer have made to our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms driving tumourigenesis. We take the opportunity to look forward to how the mouse will be used to model cancer and the tools and technologies that will be applied, and indulge in looking back at the key advances the mouse has made possible. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of calcination on morphology of phosphate coating and microstructure of sintered iron phosphated powder
Authors: Kabátová M. , Dudrová E. , Bruncková H.
Published: February 2013

Carbonyl iron powder was coated with phosphate layer using phosphating precipitation method. The phosphated powder was dried at 60 °C for 2 h in air and heat treated by calcination at 400 and 800 °C for 3 h in air. Cylindrical specimens density of ~6.5 g.cm−3 based on iron phosphated powder calcined at 400 °C were sintered at 820, 900, 1110 °C in N2 + 10%H2 atmosphere and 1240 °C in vacuum for 30 min. The morphology and phase composition of the phosphate coating and sintered compacts were studied by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Gelatinous morphology of dried phosphate coating (thickness of ~100 nm) containing nanoparticles of iron oxyhydroxides and hydrated iron phosphate was observed. From XRD, diffractogram indicated the presence of goethite α‐FeOOH, lepidocrocite γ‐FeOOH and ludlamite Fe3(PO4)2.4H2O. The calcined phosphate coating (thickness of ~ 400 nm) contained non‐homogeneous consistency of α‐Fe2O3 layer on iron particles, an inter‐layer of amorphous FePO4 and Fe3O4 top layer. The transformation to crystalline FePO4 structure occurred during calcination at 800 °C with the presence of α‐Fe2O3 forming a light top zone (rough morphology). The microstructure of compacts sintered in solid state at temperatures up to 900 °C has retained composite network character. A fundamental change in microstructure due to the liquid phase sintering occurred after sintering at temperatures of 1100 and 1240 °C. It was confirmed that the microstructure complex consists of spheroidized α‐Fe and α‐Fe2O3 phases surrounded by solidified liquid phase consisting various phosphate compounds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vacuum stability and Higgs diphoton decays in the MSSM
Authors: Carena M. , Gori S. , Low I. , Shah N. R. , Wagner C. E. M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Current Higgs data at the Large Hadron Collider is compatible with a SM signal at the 2σ level, but the central value of the signal strength in the diphoton channel is enhanced with respect to the SM expectation. If the enhancement resides in the diphoton partial decay width, the data could be accommodated in the Minimally Super-symmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with highly mixed light staus. We revisit the issue of vacuum instability induced by large mixing in the stau sector, including effects of a radiatively-corrected tau Yukawa coupling. Further, we emphasize the importance of taking into account the tan β dependence in the stability bound. While the metastability of the Universe constrains the possible enhancement in the Higgs to diphoton decay width in the light stau scenario, an increase of the order of 50% can be achieved in the region of large tan β. Larger enhancements may be obtained, but would require values of tan β associated with non-perturbative values of the tau Yukawa coupling at scales below the GUT scale, thereby implying the presence of new physics beyond the MSSM.
Isolation of Sarcolemmal Plasma Membranes by Mechanically Skinning Rat Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Phospholipid Analysis
Authors: Fajardo Val Andrew , McMeekin Lauren , Basic Admir , Lamb Graham D. , Murphy Robyn M. , LeBlanc Paul J.
Published: February 2013

Membrane phospholipid (PL) composition has been shown to affect cellular function by altering membrane physical structure. The sarcolemma plasma membrane (SLpm) is integral to skeletal muscle function and health. Previous studies assessing SLpm PL composition have demonstrated contamination from transverse (t)‐tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membranes. This study assessed the possibility of isolating SL by mechanically skinning skeletal muscle fiber segments for the analysis of SLpm PL composition. Mechanically skinned SLpm from rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers underwent Western blot analysis to assess contamination from t‐tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes. The results indicate that isolated SLpm had minimal nuclear and mitochondrial membrane contamination and was void of contamination from sarcoplasmic reticulum and t‐tubule membranes. After performing both high‐performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, we found that the SLpm obtained by mechanical skinning had higher sphingomyelin and total fatty acid saturation and lower phosphatidylcholine when compared to previous literature. Thus, by avoiding the use of various chemical treatments and membrane fractionation, we present data that may truly represent the SLpm and future studies can use this technique to assess potential changes under various perturbations and disease conditions such as insulin resistance and muscular dystrophy.
Emotional psychopathology and increased adiposity: Follow‐up study in adolescents
Authors: Aparicio Estefania , Canals Josefa , Voltas Núria , Hernández‐Martínez Carmen , Arija Victoria
Published: February 2013

Based on data from a three‐year longitudinal study, we assess the effect, according to gender, of emotional psychopathology in preadolescence on anthropometric and body composition parameters in adolescence (N = 229). Psychopathology was assessed using the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders, the Children's Depression Inventory and the MINI‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids. Body fat percentage (%BF), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were also determined. Following analysis with adjusted multiple regression models, the results indicated that symptoms of depression and separation anxiety were significantly associated with increased WC and BMI in boys, and that somatic symptoms were associated with increased WC and %BF in girls. Diagnosis of social phobia, panic disorder or dysthymia led to significantly increased WC and/or BMI in boys and dysthymia increased WC in girls. These findings suggest that emotional psychopathology in preadolescence is associated with increased weight gain and abdominal fat in adolescence.
Characterizing the Consequences of Chronic Climbing-Related Injury in Sport Climbers and Boulderers
Authors: Folkl Alex K.
Published: February 2013

Objective

To describe the association between chronic climbing-related injuries and functional and quality-of-life impairments in chronically injured sport climbers and boulderers.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional, anonymous survey was developed to assess the association between chronic climbing-related injuries and severity of injury-related pain, impact on activities of daily living, and impact on continued pursuit of rock climbing and other athletic endeavors. This survey was administered to a convenience sample of chronically injured sport climbers and boulderers recruited from several highly trafficked rock climbing websites.

Results

Four hundred thirty-nine respondents submitted surveys adequate for analysis. These respondents reported 863 chronic injuries. A majority of these were in the upper extremity. Approximately half of respondents reported injury-related pain or functional limitation more than 10 days a month, one quarter reported that their pain caused moderate to severe interference with activities of daily living, most altered their climbing habits as a result of their injuries, and one third indicated that their pain moderately or severely affected their ability to pursue other sports.

Conclusions

This study is the first to suggest that a subset of chronically injured climbers exists whose injuries may cause significant pain and activities-of-daily-living and sports-related functional limitation.
A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO SUPREMUM-NORM GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS WITH ESTIMATED PARAMETERS
Authors: Parker Thomas
Published: February 2013

Goodness-of-fit tests based on parametric empirical processes have nonstandard limiting distributions when the null hypothesis is composite — that is, when parameters of the null model are estimated. Several analytic solutions to this problem have been suggested, including the calculation of adjusted critical values for these nonstandard distributions and the transformation of the empirical process such that statistics based on the transformed process are asymptotically distribution-free. The approximation methods proposed by Durbin (1985, Journal of Applied Probability 22(1), 99–122) can be applied to conduct inference for tests based on supremum-norm statistics. The resulting tests have quite accurate size, a fact that has gone unrecognized in the econometrics literature. Some justification for this accuracy lies in the similar features that Durbin’s approximation methods share with the theory of extrema for Gaussian random fields and for Gauss-Markov processes. These adjustment techniques are also related to the transformation methodology proposed by Khmaladze (1981, Theory of Probability and Its Applications26(2), 240–257) through the score function of the parametric model. Simulation experiments suggest that in small samples, Durbin-style adjustments result in tests that have higher power than tests based on transformed processes, and in some cases they have higher power than parametric bootstrap procedures.
Sens et pratiques de la grand-maternité : une étude par théorisation ancrée auprès de femmes aînées québécoises
Authors: Charpentier Michèle , Quéniart Anne ,   avec la collaboration d’Isabelle Marchand
Published: February 2013

This article sets out to analyze how older women understand grandmotherhood. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 elderly women from Quebec with diverse lives (widowed, married, single, with or without children) drawn from three generations (65–74 years, 75–84 years, 85 years and over) according to principles of qualitative analysis using grounded theory. Based on a constructivist approach, results highlight the evolution of images of grandmotherhood offering the benefit of emotional, playful and comforting roles. This analysis also reveals multiple ways of being a grandmother and commitments that vary according to three principal factors: (1) the personality and life trajectory of the grandmothers; (2) the family situation and role of crisis in the family; and (3) the degree of intimacy with grandchildren. There follows a discussion on the place and role of the family in the lives of older women today.
A REVISION OF THE ASIAN-PACIFIC SPECIES OF MANILKARA (SAPOTACEAE)
Authors: Armstrong K. E.
Published: February 2013

Asian and Pacific species of Manilkara (Sapotaceae) are revised. Thirteen species are recognised and a key is given. All names are typified and detailed descriptions with distribution maps and conservation assessments are provided.
A REVISION OF CYTISUS SECTIONS ALBURNOIDES, SPARTOPSIS AND VERZINUM (GENISTEAE, FABACEAE)
Authors: Auvray G. , Malecot V.
Published: February 2013

Cytisus sections Alburnoides DC., Spartopsis Dumort. and Verzinum (Raf.) Talavera (tribe Genisteae, Fabaceae) are revised. These comprise 10 species of the genus, of which two species are recognised in Cytisus section Alburnoides, four in Cytisus section Spartopsis (of which two species are divided into subspecies), and four in Cytisus section Verzinum (one with two subspecies). Three new combinations are made: Cytisus ardoinoi subsp. sauzeanus, C. grandiflorus subsp. maurus and C. scoparius subsp. insularis. Keys to the sections and to the species within each section are given. All taxa are described. Conservation assessments are made.
Initial Management of Hospital Evacuations Caused by Hurricane Rita: A Systematic Investigation
Authors: Downey Erin L. , Andress Knox , Schultz Carl H.
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Hurricanes remain a major threat to hospitals throughout the world. The authors attempted to identify the planning areas that impact hospital management of evacuations and the challenges faced when sheltering-in-place.

Methods

This observational, retrospective cohort study examined acute care institutions from one hospital system impacted by Hurricane Rita in 2005. Investigators used a standardized survey instrument and interview process, previously used in the hospital evacuation context, to examine hospitals’ initial internal situational awareness and subsequent decision making that resulted in evacuation due to Hurricane Rita. Participants from each hospital included representatives from senior leadership and clinical and nonclinical staff that comprised the Incident Management Team (IMT). The main measured outcomes were responses to 95 questions contained in the survey.

Results

Seven of ten eligible hospitals participated in the study. All facilities evacuated the sickest patients first. The most significant factors prompting evacuation were the issuing of mandatory evacuation orders, storm dynamics (category, projected path, storm surge), and loss of regional communications. Hospitals that sheltered-in-place experienced staff shortages, interruptions to electrical power, and loss of water supplies. Three fully-evacuated institutions experienced understaffing of 40%-60%, and four hospitals sustained depressed staffing levels for over four weeks. Five hospitals lost electricity for a mean of 4.8 days (range .5-11 days). All facilities continued to receive patients to their Emergency Departments (EDs) while conducting their own evacuation.

Conclusion

Hospital EDs should plan for continuous patient arrival during evacuation. Emergency Operation Plans (EOPs) that anticipate challenges associated with evacuation will help to maximize initial decision making and management during a crisis situation. Hospitals that shelter-in-place face critical shortages and must provide independent patient care for prolonged periods.

DowneyEL, AndressK, SchultzCH. Initial management of hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: a systematic investigation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-7.
Accretion disk and stream origin of the dip phenomenon in Hercules X-1
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Igna C. D.
Published: February 2013

The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer has observed Hercules X-1 over a period of about 13 years, allowing detailed measurement of the properties of the dip phenomenon. We construct a model for the dips based on the impact between the accretion stream and the disk, including the geometry and dynamics of the stream and disk. We also consider the case where the stream penetrates the outer parts of the disk, where its density is low, and proceeds to a second impact at smaller radius in the disk. The results from the model are discussed and compared to the observed properties of the dips.
Non-geodesic orbital and epicyclic frequencies in vicinity of slowly rotating magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Bakala Pavel , Urbanec Martin , Šrámková Eva , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Török Gabriel
Published: February 2013

We study non-geodesic corrections to the quasicircular motion of charged test particles in the field of magnetized slowly rotating neutron stars. The gravitational field is approximated by the Lense-Thirring geometry, the magnetic field is of the standard dipole character. Using a fully-relativistic approach we determine influence of the electromagnetic interaction (both attractive and repulsive) on the quasicircular motion. We focus on the behaviour of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of the motion. Components of the four-velocity of the orbiting charged test particles are obtained by numerical solution of equations of motion, the epicyclic frequencies are obtained by using the standard perturbative method. The role of the combined effect of the neutron star magnetic field and its rotation in the character of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies is discussed.