bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish Fillet Analogue Using Formulation Based on Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Enzymatic Treatment: Texture, Sensory, Aromatic Profile and Physicochemical Characterization
Authors: Silva Nayara Thalita Ferreira , Venancio Andreia Reis , Martos Emerson Tokuda , Oliveira Ana Clara Gomes , Oliveira Ana Alice Andrade , Mutz Yhan da Silva , Nunes Cleiton Antonio , Mondragón-Bernal Olga Lucía , Alves José Guilherme Lembi Ferreira
Published: July 2024

The growing demand for alternative sources of non-animal proteins has stimulated research in this area. Mushrooms show potential in the innovation of plant-based food products. In this study, the aim was to develop prototype fish fillets analogues from Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms applying enzymatic treatment (β-glucanase and transglutaminase-TG). A Plackett–Burman 20 experimental design was used to optimize forty variables. Oat flour (OF) exerted a positive effect on the hardness and gumminess texture parameters but a negative effect on cohesiveness and resilience. Soy protein isolate (SPI) exhibited a positive effect on elasticity, gumminess and chewiness, while acacia gum had a negative effect on elasticity, cohesiveness and resilience. After sensory analysis the assay with 1% cassava starch, 5% OF, 5% SPI, 0.1% transglutaminase (240 min/5 °C), 1% coconut oil, 1% soybean oil, 0.2% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.6% β-glucanase (80 °C/10 min) and without β-glucanase inactivation was found to exhibit greater similarity to fish fillet. The classes hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes are the predominant ones in aromatic profile analysis by chromatography and electronic nose. It is concluded that a mushroom-based analogue of fish fillet can be prepared using enzymatic treatment with TG.
Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin(CD)/Flavour CD Powder and Its Application on Flavour Improvement of Regular Coffee
Authors: Zhang Zhiheng , Liang Haicheng , Chai Zichun , Wang Ting
Published: July 2024

To improve the overall sensory evaluation of regular coffee, a mixture of β-CD/flavour CD powder was prepared by a freeze-drying method. Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes consist of eight compounds that are naturally present in coffee, specifically: 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, benzaldehyde, citral, linalool, limonene, phenethyl acetate, furfural, and ethyl acetate. These eight compounds naturally occur in coffee, making them safer than using other compounds. Moreover, these eight compounds are the primary active ingredients in coffee, significantly influencing its flavour profile. Therefore, choosing to complex these eight compounds with cyclodextrins can effectively enhance the taste of the coffee. XRD, FT-IR, and SDE-GC-FID were presented to study the formation of inclusion CD powder, the storage stability, chemical composition changes, and safety. Results show that by the cyclodextrin method of freeze-drying, the CD powder showed a stable encapsulated structure and increased stability of flavour compounds. Based on the coffee aroma analysis results, prepared CD powder can enhance the coffee’s aroma score by 3.0–4.0 points and increase the flavour score by 2.1–3.5 points, and it can achieve preservation for a minimum of 181 days at 25 °C. Furthermore, under the requirements of the China national standard for additives, the mixture of β-CD/flavour CD powder was used for the cup testing with four regular coffees to obtain improved coffees. With the full score is 10, improved coffees could score extra 3.0–4.0 points on aroma and 2.1–3.5 on flavour compared to regular coffee. In addition, the CD powder also improves the quality of the coffee in terms of aftertaste, body, and sweetness. Overall, β-CD/flavour CD powders provide several advantages over the currently popular coffee bean processing methods, including improved reproducibility, enhanced controllability, and increased flexibility, while prioritizing safety. And it should be explored further with appropriate compounds given its potential for coffee aroma modulation.
Research Progress on Bacteria-Reducing Pretreatment Technology of Meat
Authors: Zuo Hong , Wang Bo , Zhang Jiamin , Zhong Zhengguo , Tang Zhonghua
Published: July 2024

Reducing the initial bacteria number from meat and extending its shelf life are crucial factors for ensuring product safety and enhancing economic benefits for enterprises. Currently, controlling enzyme activity and the microbial survival environment is a common approach to reducing the rate of deterioration in raw meat materials, thereby achieving the goal of bacteria reduction during storage and preservation. This review summarizes the commonly used technologies for reducing bacteria in meat, including slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), organic acids, ozone (O3), ultrasound, irradiation, ultraviolet (UV), cold plasma, high-pressure processing (HPP), and biological bacterial reduction agents. This review outlines the mechanisms and main features of these technologies for reducing bacteria in meat processing. Additionally, it discusses the status of these technologies in meat storage and preservation applications while analyzing associated problems and proposing solutions. The aim is to provide valuable references for research on meat preservation technology.
Correction: Ahn et al. Enzyme-Treated Zizania latifolia Ethanol Extract Improves Liver-Related Outcomes and Fatigability. Foods 2024, 13, 1725
Authors: Ahn Yu-Jin , Kim Boyun , Kim Yoon Hee , Kim Tae Young , Seo Hyeyeong , Park Yooheon , Park Sung-Soo , Ahn Yejin
Published: July 2024

In the original publication [...]
A Sensitive SERS Sensor Combined with Intelligent Variable Selection Models for Detecting Chlorpyrifos Residue in Tea
Authors: Yang Hanhua , Qian Hao , Xu Yi , Zhai Xiaodong , Zhu Jiaji
Published: July 2024

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum insecticides in agriculture. Given its potential toxicity and residue in food (e.g., tea), establishing a rapid and reliable method for the determination of chlorpyrifos residue is crucial. In this study, a strategy combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and intelligent variable selection models for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in tea was established. First, gold nanostars were fabricated as a SERS sensor for measuring the SERS spectra. Second, the raw SERS spectra were preprocessed to facilitate the quantitative analysis. Third, a partial least squares model and four outstanding intelligent variable selection models, Monte Carlo-based uninformative variable elimination, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, iteratively retaining informative variables, and variable iterative space shrinkage approach, were developed for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in a comparative study. The repeatability and reproducibility tests demonstrated the excellent stability of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the proposed strategy was assessed by estimating limit of detection values of the various models. Finally, two-tailed paired t-tests confirmed that the accuracy of the proposed strategy was equivalent to that of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Hence, the proposed method provides a promising strategy for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in tea.
Storage Properties and Shelf-Life Prediction of Fresh-Cut Radishes Treated by Photodynamic Technology
Authors: Ruan Sijia , Zhu Tong , Zuo Changzhou , Peng Jing , Liu Liwang , Lan Weijie , Pan Leiqing , Tu Kang
Published: July 2024

Fresh-cut radishes are susceptible to quality loss and microbial contamination during storage, resulting in a short shelf life. This study investigated the effects of photodynamic technology (PDT) on fresh-cut radishes stored at 4 °C for 10 d and developed appropriate models to predict the shelf life. Results showed that curcumin-mediated PDT maintained sensory acceptability, color, and firmness, decreased weight loss, and increased ascorbic acid and total phenolics of samples by inactivating polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, resulting in improved antioxidant capacity and quality. The total bacteria count in samples was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 2.01 log CFU g−1 after PDT and their shelf life was extended by 6 d compared to the control. To accurately predict the shelf life, the kinetic models based on microbial growth were established, while weight loss, b* value, firmness, and ascorbic acid were selected as representative attributes for developing quality-based prediction models through correlation analysis. Modeling results showed prediction models based on ascorbic acid best fitted PDT-treated samples, while the modified Gompertz model based on bacteria growth was the best for control and samples treated by sodium hypochlorite. This study suggests that PDT is promising in extending the shelf life of fresh-cut radishes, and using critical indexes to establish the prediction model can provide a more reliable shelf-life estimation.
Did the International Trade in Crops Lead to Global Cropland Saving or Wasting in the Period 2000–2022?
Authors: Zhang Tianbao , Hu Qiyuan , Li Tanglu , Gao Xiang , Zhou Yi , Liu Xiaojie , Lun Fei
Published: July 2024

The international food trade is beneficial for enhancing global food security but also raises issues such as global cropland redistribution, land use efficiency, and environmental problems. While current studies have examined the impacts of the international food trade on these issues, its long-term effects on global cropland use efficiency remain unclear, especially when considering different crops and countries. Utilizing the international trade theory and the principle of virtual cropland, this study explores the relationship between international food trade and global cropland use efficiency from 2000 to 2022. The results illustrate that the global crop trade surged by 142%, outpacing the 102% increase in virtual cropland trade, which was attributed to crop yield enhancements. By 2022, the global virtual cropland trade encompassed 10.7% of the total croplands, with China emerging as the foremost importer, particularly due to soybean imports. Notably, the global crop trade led to substantial cropland savings and higher cropland use efficiency, totaling 1244.9 million hectares (Mha) between 2000 and 2020. These gains were largely attributed to the superior yields of major crop-exporting countries. Despite these gains, socio-economically vulnerable countries face significant challenges, potentially compromising their food security amidst the complexities of the global trade dynamics.
Impact of Fava Bean (Vicia faba) Processing on Quality Characteristics and Digestibility of a Protein-Rich Snack
Authors: Khvostenko Kateryna , Muñoz-Pina Sara , García-Hernández Jorge , Heredia Ana , Andrés Ana
Published: July 2024

The impact of fava bean processing methods (soaking, autoclaving, fermentation) on a legume-based bars’ quality, protein characteristics, and digestibility was shown. The antioxidant and the angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory capacity before and after in vitro digestion were investigated to reveal the potential advantages of fava bean usage for snacks. All bars have demonstrated high protein content, varying from 22.1 to 25.1 g/100 g DB. Based on the fermented fava beans of Pleurotus ostreatus, the samples were characterized by a higher concentration of essential amino acids by 8.6% and a reduction of tannins by 18.5% compared with bars based on soaked fava beans. Sensory evaluation improved the color, texture, and overall acceptability of the bars with fermented legumes. Various types of bean processing did not significantly affect the protein digestibility of the bars. The fermentation method positively affected the angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory properties of bars and increased by 16.5% (before digestion) and 15% (after digestion) compared with other samples. After digestion, samples were characterized by a high level of Fe bioaccessibility (100, 83, and 79% for the bars based on soaked, autoclaved, and fermented fava beans, respectively) and increased total phenolic content. These findings highlight the potential health benefits of fava bean usage for snack products.
Calculation of the Relaxation Modulus in the Andrade Model by Using the Laplace Transform
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis , Spada Giorgio , Mainardi Francesco , Apelblat Alexander
Published: July 2024

In the framework of the theory of linear viscoelasticity, we derive an analytical expression of the relaxation modulus in the Andrade model Gαt for the case of rational parameter α=m/n∈(0,1) in terms of Mittag–Leffler functions from its Laplace transform G˜αs. It turns out that the expression obtained can be rewritten in terms of Rabotnov functions. Moreover, for the original parameter α=1/3 in the Andrade model, we obtain an expression in terms of Miller-Ross functions. The asymptotic behaviours of Gαt for t→0+ and t→+∞ are also derived applying the Tauberian theorem. The analytical results obtained have been numerically checked by solving the Volterra integral equation satisfied by Gαt by using a successive approximation approach, as well as computing the inverse Laplace transform of G˜αs by using Talbot’s method.
Existence of Solutions for Caputo Sequential Fractional Differential Inclusions with Nonlocal Generalized Riemann–Liouville Boundary Conditions
Authors: Manigandan Murugesan , Shanmugam Saravanan , Rhaima Mohamed , Sekar Elango
Published: July 2024

In this study, we explore the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a boundary value problem defined by coupled sequential fractional differential inclusions. This investigation is augmented by the introduction of a novel set of generalized Riemann–Liouville boundary conditions. Utilizing Carathéodory functions and Lipschitz mappings, we establish existence results for these nonlocal boundary conditions. Utilizing fixed-point theorems designed for multi-valued maps, we obtain significant existence results for the problem, considering both convex and non-convex values. The derived results are clearly demonstrated with an illustrative example. Numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical conclusions, contributing to a deeper understanding of fractional-order boundary value problems.
Dynamic Changes in Histone Modifications Are Associated with Differential Chromatin Interactions
Authors: Nie Yumin , Wang Mengjie
Published: July 2024

Eukaryotic genomes are organized into chromatin domains through long-range chromatin interactions which are mediated by the binding of architectural proteins, such as CTCF and cohesin, and histone modifications. Based on the published Hi-C and ChIP-seq datasets in human monocyte-derived macrophages, we identified 206 and 127 differential chromatin interactions (DCIs) that were not located within transcription readthrough regions in influenza A virus- and interferon β-treated cells, respectively, and found that the binding positions of CTCF and RAD21 within more than half of the DCI sites did not change. However, five histone modifications, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3, showed significantly more dramatic changes than CTCF and RAD21 within the DCI sites. For H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3, significantly more dramatic changes were observed outside than within the DCI sites. We further applied a motif scanning approach to discover proteins that might correlate with changes in histone modifications and chromatin interactions and found that PRDM9, ZNF384, and STAT2 frequently bound to DNA sequences corresponding to 1 kb genomic intervals with gains or losses of a histone modification within the DCI sites. This study explores the dynamic regulation of chromatin interactions and extends the current knowledge of the relationship between histone modifications and chromatin interactions.
“Mind the Gap”—Differences between Documentation and Reality on Intensive Care Units: A Quantitative Observational Study
Authors: Raimann Florian Jürgen , König Cornelius Johannes , Neef Vanessa , Flinspach Armin Niklas
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Digitalization in medicine is steadily increasing. Complex treatments, scarce personnel resources and a high level of documentation are a constant burden on healthcare systems. The balancing between correct manual documentation in the digital records and limited staff resources is rarely successful. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence between documentation and lack of documentation in the treatment of critical care patients. Material and Methods: For the evaluation, data from the hospital information system (HIS) of several intensive care units (ICU) were examined in conjunction with data collected from a checklist. All boluses of sedatives, analgesics and catecholamines were documented paper based across all shifts and all weekdays and compared with corresponding digital data from the HIS (2019–2022) of previous years. Results: 939 complete digital patient records revealed a massive under-documentation of the medication administration compared to that applied according to the checklist. Only 12% of all administered catecholamines, 11% of α2-agonists, 33% of propofol, 92% of midazolam and 46% of opioids were found in the digital recordings. In comparison, the effect was more pronounced on weekdays compared to weekends. In addition, the highest documentation gap was found in the comparison of early shifts. Comparing neurosurgical vs. internal vs. anesthesiologic ICUs there was a highly significant difference between anesthesiologic ICUs compared with other disciplines (p < 0.0001). Discussion: Our data shows that there is a remarkable documentation gap and incongruence in the area of applied boli. Automated documentation by connecting syringe pumps that enter data directly into the HIS can not only reduce the workload, but also lead to comprehensive and legally required documentation of all administered medication.
An Evaluation of a Women’s Clinic: The Healthcare and Learning Project of the Functional Unit for Women with Schizophrenia
Authors: González-Rodríguez Alexandre , Natividad Mentxu , Palacios-Hernández Bruma , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Cobo Jesús , Monreal José A.
Published: July 2024

Gender differences exist in mental and physical health in schizophrenia, and healthcare education is part of the associated clinical approach. The main goal of the present paper is to describe a women’s clinic for schizophrenia and carry out a narrative review about innovative healthcare and learning strategies in the context of women who suffer from schizophrenia, and to discuss innovative strategies for both healthcare and learning projects to be applied in this context. Observing the development of our unit, four clear innovation phases can be distinguished: the generation of new ideas (clinical and social needs), strategic planning (five observatories), the execution of these strategies (observatories/teams/interventions) and feedback, iteration and scaling. We found that the observatory for morbi-mortality adopted a retroactive proactive approach, and the observatory for hyperprolactinemia was proactive and deliberate. We describe the innovation aspects, both clinical and educational, as incremental. There was one exception, the introduction of a social exclusion and discrimination observatory, that from our perspective, was not gradual, but transformative. Future learning projects should include the role of social sciences and humanities and new technologies. Our pilot project gave us the opportunity to apply new learning methods to a relatively neglected field of care.
Spatial Analysis of Health System Factors in Infectious Disease Management: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea
Authors: Lee Jeongwook , Lee SangA
Published: July 2024

Infectious disease outbreaks present ongoing and substantial challenges to health systems at local, national, and global levels, testing their preparedness, response capabilities, and resilience. This study aimed to identify and analyze critical health system-level factors that influence infection outbreaks, focusing on the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Conducted as a secondary data analysis, this study utilized national datasets from Korea. Given the inherent spatial dependencies in the spread of infectious diseases, we employed a spatial lag model to analyze data. While city-specific characteristics did not emerge as significant factors, health system variables, particularly the number of community health centers and health budgets, showed significant influence on the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, along with spatial autocorrelation coefficients. Our findings underscore the importance of enhancing public healthcare infrastructure, considering regional specificities, and promoting collaboration among local governments to bolster preparedness for future outbreaks. These insights are crucial for policymakers and healthcare professionals in formulating effective strategies to prevent, manage, and mitigate the impact of infectious disease outbreaks.
Exploring Novel Treatment Modalities for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential and Prospects
Authors: Salama Rasha Aziz Attia , Patni Mohamed Anas Mohamed Faruk , Ba-Hutair Shadha Nasser Mohammed , Wadid Nihal Amir , Akikwala Mushirabanu Sharifmiyan
Published: July 2024

Despite the effectiveness of insulin injections in managing hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), they fall short in addressing autoimmunity and regenerating damaged islets. This review aims to explore the potential and prospects of emerging treatment modalities for T1DM, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-derived exosomes, gene therapy, islet allotransplantation, pancreatic islet cell transplantation, and teplizumab. We review emerging treatment modalities for T1DM, highlighting several promising strategies with varied mechanisms and outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate potential in modulating the immune response and preserving or restoring beta-cell function, although variability in sources and administration routes necessitates further standardization. Similarly, MSC-derived exosomes show promise in promoting beta-cell regeneration and immune regulation, supported by early-stage studies showing improved glucose homeostasis in animal models, albeit with limited clinical data. Gene therapy, utilizing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, offers targeted correction of genetic defects and immune modulation; however, challenges in precise delivery and ensuring long-term safety persist. Islet allotransplantation and pancreatic islet cell transplantation have achieved some success in restoring insulin independence, yet challenges such as donor scarcity and immunosuppression-related complications remain significant. Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated potential in delaying T1DM onset by modulating immune responses and preserving beta-cell function, with clinical trials indicating prolonged insulin production capability. Despite significant progress, standardization, long-term efficacy, and safety continue to pose challenges across these modalities. Conclusion: While these therapies demonstrate significant potential, challenges persist. Future research should prioritize optimizing these treatments and validating them through extensive clinical trials to enhance T1DM management and improve patient outcomes.
Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution, 0.25%, for the Treatment of Demodex Blepharitis
Authors: Davey Pinakin Gunvant , Farid Marjan , Karpecki Paul , Gaddie Ian Benjamin , Chan Arthur , Mun James , Neervannan Sesha , Yeu Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Demodex blepharitis, a chronic lid margin disease, is caused by an infestation of Demodex mites, the most common ectoparasites in human skin and eyelids. Lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25% (Xdemvy, Tarsus Pharmaceuticals), is the first therapy approved to treat Demodex blepharitis. This narrative review characterizes lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, and describes its efficacy, safety, and tolerability. The safety and efficacy of lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, for treating Demodex blepharitis was evaluated in four phase 2 and two phase 3 trials. The data of 980 patients included in these phase 2 and 3 clinical trials revealed that the proportion of eyes with a clinically meaningful reduction to 10 or fewer collarettes (the cylindrical, waxy debris found at the base of the eyelashes) ranged from 81 to 93%. The mite eradication rate confirmed by a microscopy of epilated lashes ranged from 52 to 78%. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported in any of these clinical studies. As high as 92% of the patients receiving lotilaner eyedrops in the phase 3 trials found it to be neutral to very comfortable. Given the positive safety and efficacy outcomes, the drug is likely to become the standard of care in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis.
Psychiatrists’ Insights on Integrating Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Care: A Multisite Middle Eastern Study
Authors: Alotaibi Naser , Alhamad Hamad , Jahrami Haitham , Al-Heizan Muhammad O. , Albaghli Lujane , Ashkanouni Hasan , Abu Tariah Hashem , Abouelhassan Hamad , Alkhamis Moh
Published: July 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, perception, attitude, and self-efficacy of psychiatrists regarding the role of occupational therapy in mental health practice. Materials and Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine the perspectives of psychiatrists from various Middle Eastern countries on occupational therapy practice. A self-developed tool was mainly used to assess occupational therapy knowledge, autonomy, attitude, and self-efficacy. STATA version 16.0 was employed for all subsequent statistical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and chi-square tests. Results: A total of 117 participants (psychiatrists) from various Middle Eastern countries, including Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, took part in this study. Overall, no significant differences were found between the sites in terms of knowledge and self-perception of occupational therapy autonomy, indicating a lack of understanding about the unique nature of occupational therapy as a distinct health care profession (p-values > 0.05). However, this study’s participants demonstrated a positive attitude and self-efficacy towards occupational therapy. Conclusions: In order to promote the desired therapeutic outcomes, a referral form for occupational therapy, encompassing the main areas of intervention, was proposed. Such a referral form can help inform psychiatrists about the key components of occupational therapy services in mental health practice, thus facilitating the desired interprofessional collaboration and patient outcomes. This study’s implications and future directions are also discussed.
The Role of Functional Deficits, Depression, and Cognitive Symptoms in the Perceived Loneliness of Older Adults in Mexico City
Authors: Ramírez López Ana Belén , Rodríguez-Agudelo Yaneth , Paz-Rodríguez Francisco , Tafoya Silvia Aracely , Guerrero López Benjamín , Diaz Olavarrieta Claudia
Published: July 2024

The world is aging and experiencing loneliness. Functional impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older people (OP) with mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) predicts loneliness. After the pandemic, there was an increase in perceived loneliness. We explored the association between loneliness, depression, deficits in IADL, and cognitive symptoms among OP. From February to December 2023, using a cross-sectional design, we interviewed probable cases with mild cognitive impairment and caregivers in two public facilities. We administered the UCLA Loneliness Scale v3, Lawton IADL Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Yesavage’s Geriatric Depression Scale. Samples were matched: 85 per group, 82.4% were women, married (52.95%), and mean age of 69.17 (±6.93) years. In our study, 30% displayed moderate to high levels of perceived loneliness. Multivariate analysis showed loneliness was associated with depression, low levels of IADL, and older age, but not with cognitive symptoms, which explained 22% of the total variance (F 165) = 16.99, (p < 0.001). Targeting symptoms and behaviors that could be modified (i.e., depression and functionality) can improve feelings of perceived loneliness and have an impact on morbidity and mortality with which it is associated.
Biological Sex Disparities in the Economic Burden of Tobacco Use: A Comparative Analysis between Men and Women in China
Authors: Zheng Rong , Meng Lingyun , He Aduqinfu
Published: July 2024

To examine the impact of tobacco use on the economic costs between biological sex differences, we utilized propensity score matching and human capital methods to analyze the economic costs associated with smoking. Our findings reveal a nuanced pattern in the economic burden: although men who smoke bear a higher overall economic cost, the individual impact on women who smoke is significantly more profound. As a result, there exists a distinct disparity in the distribution of economic consequences stemming from tobacco use between men and women.
Exploring the Influence of Earnings Management on the Value Relevance of Financial Statements: Evidence from the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors: Burlacu Georgiana , Robu Ioan-Bogdan , Munteanu Ionela
Published: July 2024

Although financial statements are extremely important to investors in decision-making processes, their reliability can be affected by earnings management (EM) practices, which involve manipulating financial reports in order to achieve managerial benefits. This study explores the relationship between earnings management and firm valuation, based on accounting information’s predictive value, specifically investigating how EM influences the value relevance (VR) of earnings on share price. The research focuses on a sample of audited companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) between 2019 and 2021, comprising 62 entities. Using regression analysis, we explored the importance of accounting information for investors following Ohlson’s research and examined the relationship between EM and VR based on Jones’s model. The findings indicate that earnings significantly impact stock prices, highlighting their value relevance in the Romanian stock market. However, the practice of earnings management reduces the value relevance of earnings because it decreases the reliability of the accounting information. The main contribution of this analysis is to provide a fresh perspective on earnings management (EM) within the BVB framework by highlighting its pivotal role in shaping the motivation and behavior of corporate managers.
CYSTATIN C—A Monitoring Perspective of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Visinescu Alexandra-Mihaela , Rusu Emilia , Cosoreanu Andrada , Radulian Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a microvascular complication that frequently affects numerous patients diagnosed with diabetes. For the diagnosis of CKD, the guidelines recommend the identification of the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and the determination of serum creatinine, based on which the estimated rate of glomerular filtration (eGFR) is calculated. Serum creatinine is routinely measured in clinical practice and reported as creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr). It has enormous importance in numerous clinical decisions, including the detection and management of CKD, the interpretation of symptoms potentially related to this pathology and the determination of drug dosage. The equations based on cystatin C involve smaller differences between race groups compared to GFR estimates based solely on creatinine. The cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) or its combination with creatinine (eGFRcr-cys) are suggested as confirmatory tests in cases where creatinine is known to be less precise or where a more valid GFR estimate is necessary for medical decisions. Serum creatinine is influenced by numerous factors: age, gender, race, muscle mass, high-protein diet, including protein supplements, and the use of medications that decrease tubular creatinine excretion (H2 blockers, trimethoprim, fenofibrate, ritonavir, and other HIV drugs). The low levels of creatinine stemming from a vegetarian diet, limb amputation, and conditions associated with sarcopenia such as cirrhosis, malnutrition, and malignancies may lead to inaccurately lower eGFRcr values. Therefore, determining the GFR based on serum creatinine is not very precise. This review aims to identify a new perspective in monitoring renal function, considering the disadvantages of determining the GFR based exclusively on serum creatinine.
Personalized Assessment for Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Treatment
Authors: Paleari Laura
Published: July 2024

The intention of this Special Issue is to highlight research that aims to recognize cancer’s complexity to better prevent or treat its occurrence [...]
Study on the Mechanisms of Glrα3 in Pain Sensitization of Endometriosis
Authors: Fan Peiya , Liu Rong , Li Yan , Wang Shixuan , Li Tian
Published: July 2024

Endometriosis, often associated with chronic pelvic pain, can lead to anxiety and depression. This study investigates the role and mechanism of Glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glrα3) in the central sensitization of pain in endometriosis, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets. Using a Glrα3 knockout mouse model of endometriosis, we employed behavioral tests, qPCR, immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, MRI, and Western blot to assess the involvement of Glrα3 in central pain sensitization. Our results indicate that endometriosis-induced hyperalgesia and anxiety–depressive-like behaviors are linked to increased Glrα3 expression. Chronic pain in endometriosis leads to gray matter changes in the sensory and insular cortices, with Glrα3 playing a significant role. The inhibition of Glrα3 alleviates pain, reduces neuronal abnormalities, and decreases glial cell activation. The absence of Glrα3 effectively regulates the central sensitization of pain in endometriosis by inhibiting glial cell activation and maintaining neuronal stability. This study offers new therapeutic avenues for the clinical treatment of endometriosis-related pain.
DeepPGD: A Deep Learning Model for DNA Methylation Prediction Using Temporal Convolution, BiLSTM, and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Teragawa Shoryu , Wang Lei , Liu Yi
Published: July 2024

As part of the field of DNA methylation identification, this study tackles the challenge of enhancing recognition performance by introducing a specialized deep learning framework called DeepPGD. DNA methylation, a crucial biological modification, plays a vital role in gene expression analyses, cellular differentiation, and the study of disease progression. However, accurately and efficiently identifying DNA methylation sites remains a pivotal concern in the field of bioinformatics. The issue addressed in this paper is the presence of methylation in DNA, which is a binary classification problem. To address this, our research aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm capable of more precisely identifying these sites. The DeepPGD framework combined a dual residual structure involving Temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks to effectively extract intricate DNA structural and sequence features. Additionally, to meet the practical requirements of DNA methylation identification, extensive experiments were conducted across a variety of biological species. The experimental results highlighted DeepPGD’s exceptional performance across multiple evaluation metrics, including accuracy, Matthews’ correlation coefficient (MCC), and the area under the curve (AUC). In comparison to other algorithms in the same domain, DeepPGD demonstrated superior classification and predictive capabilities across various biological species datasets. This significant advancement in algorithmic prowess not only offers substantial technical support, but also holds potential for research and practical implementation within the DNA methylation identification domain. Moreover, the DeepPGD framework shows potential for application in genomics research, biomedicine, and disease diagnostics, among other fields.
Genomic Landscape of Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome through Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Single Rare Disease Center Experience in South Korea
Authors: Cho Sung Ho , Jeong Sung Ho , Choi Won Hoon , Lee Sang-Yeon
Published: July 2024

Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) and branchio-otic (BO) syndromes are characterized by anomalies affecting the ears, often accompanied by hearing loss, as well as abnormalities in the branchial arches and renal system. These syndromes exhibit a broad spectrum of phenotypes and a complex genomic landscape, with significant contributions from the EYA1 gene and the SIX gene family, including SIX1 and SIX5. Due to their diverse phenotypic presentations, which can overlap with other genetic syndromes, molecular genetic confirmation is essential. As sequencing technologies advance, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used in rare disease diagnostics. We explored the genomic landscape of 23 unrelated Korean families with typical or atypical BOR/BO syndrome using a stepwise approach: targeted panel sequencing and exome sequencing (Step 1), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) with copy number variation screening (Step 2), and WGS (Step 3). Integrating WGS into our diagnostic pipeline detected structure variations, including cryptic inversion and complex genomic rearrangement, eventually enhancing the diagnostic yield to 91%. Our findings expand the genomic architecture of BOR/BO syndrome and highlight the need for WGS to address the genetic diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous rare diseases.
Analysis of Active Components and Transcriptome of Freesia refracta Callus Extract and Its Effects against Oxidative Stress and Wrinkles in Skin
Authors: Kim Euihyun , Tollenaere Morgane De , Sennelier Benedicte , Lambert Carole , Durduret Anais , Kim Soo-Yun , Seo Hyo-Hyun , Lee Jung-Hun , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain , Moh Sang-Hyun
Published: July 2024

Freesia refracta (FR), a perennial flower of the Iris family (Iridaceae), is widely used in cosmetics despite limited scientific evidence of its skin benefits and chemical composition, particularly of FR callus extract (FCE). This study identified biologically active compounds in FCE and assessed their skin benefits, focusing on anti-aging. FR calli were cultured, extracted with water at 40 °C, and analyzed using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and HCA, revealing key compounds, namely nicotinamide and pyroglutamic acid. FCE significantly increased collagen I production by 52% in normal and aged fibroblasts and enhanced fibroblast–collagen interaction by 37%. An in vivo study of 43 female volunteers demonstrated an 11.1% reduction in skin roughness and a 2.3-fold increase in collagen density after 28 days of cream application containing 3% FCE. Additionally, the preservation tests of cosmetics containing FCE confirmed their stability over 12 weeks. These results suggest that FCE offers substantial anti-aging benefits by enhancing collagen production and fibroblast–collagen interactions. These findings highlighted the potential of FCE in cosmetic applications, providing significant improvements in skin smoothness and overall appearance. This study fills a gap in the scientific literature regarding the skin benefits and chemical composition of FR callus extract, supporting its use in the development of effective cosmeceuticals.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Hepatopancreas Reveals Sexual Dimorphic Response to Methyl Farnesoate Injection in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Yang Xiaoliu , Du Jiahao , Wei Cun , Liu Pingping , Hu Jingjie , Bao Zhenmin , Qu Zhe
Published: July 2024

Sexually dimorphic traits such as growth and body size are often found in various crustaceans. Methyl farnesoate (MF), the main active form of sesquiterpenoid hormone in crustaceans, plays vital roles in the regulation of their molting and reproduction. However, understanding on the sex differences in their hormonal regulation is limited. Here, we carried out a comprehensive investigation on sexual dimorphic responses to MF in the hepatopancreas of the most dominant aquacultural crustacean—the white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Through comparative transcriptomic analysis of the main MF target tissue (hepatopancreas) from both female and male L. vannamei, two sets of sex-specific and four sets of sex–dose-specific differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified after different doses of MF injection. Functional analysis of DETs showed that the male-specific DETs were mainly related to sugar and lipid metabolism, of which multiple chitinases were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the female-specific DETs were mainly related to miRNA processing and immune responses. Further co-expression network analysis revealed 8 sex-specific response modules and 55 key regulatory transcripts, of which several key transcripts of genes related to energy metabolism and immune responses were identified, such as arginine kinase, tropomyosin, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6, thioredoxin reductase, cysteine dioxygenase, lysosomal acid lipase, estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8, and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha. Altogether, our study demonstrates the sex differences in the hormonal regulatory networks of L. vannamei, providing new insights into the molecular basis of MF regulatory mechanisms and sex dimorphism in prawn aquaculture.
Para-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Mitigates Senescence and Inflammaging in Human Skin Models
Authors: Tan Christina Yan Ru , Morenc Malgorzata , Setiawan Melina , Lim Zen Zhi Yan , Soon Ai Ling , Bierman John C. , Vires Laura , Laughlin Timothy , DeAngelis Yvonne M. , Rovito Holly , Jarrold Bradley B. , Nguyen Thi Quynh Ngoc , Lim John Soon Yew , Kent Olivia , Määttä Arto , Benham Adam M. , Hawkins Timothy J. , Lee Xin Er , Ehrman Matthew C. , Oblong John E. , Dreesen Oliver , Bellanger Sophie
Published: July 2024

Para-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) is one of the most abundant naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids, a class of chemistries known for their antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the impact of pHCA on different parameters of skin aging in in vitro skin models after H2O2 and UV exposure. These parameters include keratinocyte senescence and differentiation, inflammation, and energy metabolism, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that pHCA prevents oxidative stress-induced premature senescence of human primary keratinocytes in both 2D and 3D skin models, while improving clonogenicity in 2D. As aging is linked to inflammation, referred to as inflammaging, we analyzed the release of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2, known to be associated with senescence. All of them were downregulated by pHCA in both normal and oxidative stress conditions. Mechanistically, DNA damage induced by oxidative stress is prevented by pHCA, while pHCA also exerts a positive effect on the mitochondrial and glycolytic functions under stress. Altogether, these results highlight the protective effects of pHCA against inflammaging, and importantly, help to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action.
MicroRNA-193a-3p as a Valuable Biomarker for Discriminating between Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Adenoma Patients
Authors: Fabijanec Marija , Hulina-Tomašković Andrea , Štefanović Mario , Verbanac Donatella , Ćelap Ivana , Somborac-Bačura Anita , Grdić Rajković Marija , Demirović Alma , Ramić Snježana , Krušlin Božo , Rumora Lada , Čeri Andrea , Koržinek Martha , Petrik József , Ljubičić Neven , Baršić Neven , Barišić Karmela
Published: July 2024

Specific markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), preceded by colorectal adenoma (pre-CRC), are lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-210-3p) from tissues and exosomes are potential CRC biomarkers and compare them to existing biomarkers, namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9. MiRNA was isolated in the samples of 52 CRC and 76 pre-CRC patients. Expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR. When comparing pre-CRC and CRC tissue expression levels, only miR-193a-3p showed statistically significant result (p < 0.0001). When comparing the tissues and exosomes of CRC samples, a statistically significant difference was found for miR-193a-3p (p < 0.0001), miR-19a-3p (p < 0.0001), miR-92a-3p (p = 0.0212), and miR-210-3p (p < 0.0001). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEA, CA 19-9, and miRNAs. CEA and CA 19-9 had good diagnostic values (AUCs of 0.798 and 0.668). The diagnostic value only of miR-193a-3p was highlighted (AUC = 0.725). The final logistic regression model, in which we put a combination of CEA concentration and the miR-193a-3p expression level in tissues, showed that using these two markers can distinguish CRC and pre-CRC in 71.3% of cases (AUC = 0.823). MiR-193a-3p from tissues could be a potential CRC biomarker.
Epstein–Barr Viruses: Their Immune Evasion Strategies and Implications for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Zhao Yuehong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Botian , Dai Yihao , Gao Yifei , Li Chenzhong , Yu Yijing , Li Conglei
Published: July 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a member of the γ-herpesvirus family, is one of the most prevalent and persistent human viruses, infecting up to 90% of the adult population globally. EBV’s life cycle includes primary infection, latency, and lytic reactivation, with the virus primarily infecting B cells and epithelial cells. This virus has evolved sophisticated strategies to evade both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby maintaining a lifelong presence within the host. This persistence is facilitated by the expression of latent genes such as EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) and latent membrane proteins (LMPs), which play crucial roles in viral latency and oncogenesis. In addition to their well-known roles in several types of cancer, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B-cell lymphomas, recent studies have identified the pathogenic roles of EBV in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review highlights the intricate interactions between EBV and the host immune system, underscoring the need for further research to develop effective therapeutic and preventive strategies against EBV-associated diseases.
Overexpression of RPOTmp Being Targeted to Either Mitochondria or Chloroplasts in Arabidopsis Leads to Overall Transcriptome Changes and Faster Growth
Authors: Gorbenko Igor V. , Tarasenko Vladislav I. , Garnik Elena Y. , Yakovleva Tatiana V. , Katyshev Alexander I. , Belkov Vadim I. , Orlov Yuriy L. , Konstantinov Yuri M. , Koulintchenko Milana V.
Published: July 2024

The transcription of Arabidopsis organellar genes is performed by three nuclear-encoded RNA polymerases: RPOTm, RPOTmp, and RPOTp. The RPOTmp protein possesses ambiguous transit peptides, allowing participation in gene expression control in both mitochondria and chloroplasts, although its function in plastids is still under discussion. Here, we show that the overexpression of RPOTmp in Arabidopsis, targeted either to mitochondria or chloroplasts, disturbs the dormant seed state, and it causes the following effects: earlier germination, decreased ABA sensitivity, faster seedling growth, and earlier flowering. The germination of RPOTmp overexpressors is less sensitive to NaCl, while rpotmp knockout is highly vulnerable to salt stress. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction in the rpotmp mutant induces an unknown retrograde response pathway that bypasses AOX and ANAC017. Here, we show that RPOTmp transcribes the accD, clpP, and rpoB genes in plastids and up to 22 genes in mitochondria.