bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediatization as an international humanitarian space forming factor
Authors: Mironova Olga , Shestopalova Olesya , Baicherova Angelika , Doroginin Yuri
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to understanding the role of mediatization processes at the present stage of globalization, one of the displays of which is forming the international humanitarian space. In most researches, the process of mediatization is considered exclusively as a modern phenomenon and in many cases is equated with digitalization of mass media. The authors consider that this process has been intrinsic for culture since its genesis. However, in modern conditions it has a certain specificity, to studying of which this article is devoted. Summarizing various points of view on the mediatization concept and essence interpretation, the authors come to the conclusion that the process of mediatization is a fundamental process of mutual influence of the media on various public life spheres, including culture. This leads to mutual changes in both interacting parties and various social practices and methods of communication between representatives of various social groups and strata, and also within these groups and strata. In modern conditions, this process acts as an international humanitarian space forming factor. Being a various-vector process, mediatization leads to both integrating and disintegrating consequences. It acts as an ambiguous and contradictory phenomenon, which determines the need for its comprehensive research and in-depth study within the framework of social and economic sciences.
Study of environmental safety of construction ceramics produced using anthropogenic waste
Authors: Pavlycheva Elizaveta , Pikalov Evgeniy , Selivanov Oleg
Published: July 2021

The study presents the research results confirming environmental safety of the ceramic material used for construction purposes, produced basing on low-plasticity clay from the Vladimir region with the introduction of 2.5 wt. % boric acid, 5 wt. % of electroplating sludge and 30 wt. % of cullet. The material environmental safety has been previously confirmed by Daphnia mortality method in diurnal water extracts from the chipped ceramic material samples, including possible mechanical damage and deterioration during the operation. The experimental studies embraced the determination of heavy metal ions concentration in diurnal extracts from the chipped ceramic material samples in neutral and acidic media. Additional studies dealing with the heavy metals migration into the extracts were carried out in static mode during 20 days. The research results confirm the environmental safety of ceramic material in neutral and acidic media during the heavy metals immobilization, caused by ceramics self-glazing and vitrification. The research results proved that the production of the developed material will expand the regional raw material base, will contribute to the utilization of large-capacity and toxic waste with simultaneous manufacturing of high-quality and environmentally friendly construction products for new buildings construction or existing buildings and structures reconstruction.
Prospects for the use of solar energy to accelerate the hardening of concrete in the construction of monolithic structures in Russia
Authors: Sarkisov David A. , Zhadanovskii Boris V. , Sinenko Sergey A. , Esenov Maksim K.
Published: July 2021

This article addresses the issue of solving the problem of using the solar energy, that allows decreasing of the unit costs, or even avoiding using of the traditional energy resources for performance of the concrete in the southern regions of Russian. Researches that were carried out allow developing more contemporary methods of monolithic construction’s concrete curing. Various types of methods of solar energy using in case to produce precast concrete or reinforced concrete items found vast distribution and implementation in construction industry.
Analysis of the impact of road transport emissions into the atmosphere on the example of Russia
Authors: Lotnikova Diana , Nagorny Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere in Russian cities in 2000-2020 from stationary sources decreased slightly, but emissions from mobile sources increased. Premature mortality from chemical air pollution alone is estimated, at 40-80 thousand people per year. The increase in air pollution by motor vehicles, due to the growth of road transport and the fleet of cars. There is no significant transition to environmentally friendly transport. The health impact of high levels of urban population, premature deaths per year, and economic damage of over 8% of GDP. There is an increase in air pollution by motor vehicles, due to the growth of road transport and the fleet of cars. In recent years, the global energy markets have seen a decline in the growth of demand for hydrocarbons. This is largely due to the long-term trend towards decarbonization, which involves the introduction of energy-efficient technologies, the spread of the price of carbon, and the accelerated development of low-carbon and carbon-free energy sources. To reduce the risks of carbon regulation, as well as to realize new opportunities, it is necessary to create an effective national strategy for low-carbon development of Russia and an effective system of carbon regulation.
Automation of the one-storey underground parking space organization
Authors: Knyazeva Natalia , Kolosova Anastasia
Published: July 2021

With the growing car population in big cities, the problem of its keeping in conditions of a compact urban area has happened. The organisation of parking space in a different way has resolved this issue. Underground parking was in demand in many countries even in the XX century. By the way, they are becoming more and more popular now. The design of car parking is based on legal documents, which regulate the size of car parking seats and the width of the passage inside the garage. It is expedient to use evolutionary algorithms as one of the tools of algorithmic modelling for automation of design the car parking lots and for identifying the most effective and profitable way of the car parking space planning. So, the process of looking for the most optimal solution in underground car parking designing.
Analysis of the oil market and the impact of integration processes on socio-economic development indicators of Russia
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsou , Shadieva Movlatkhan , Raheem Ullah , Zakirov Ayaz
Published: July 2021

In modern conditions oil and gas sector is not only the largest sector of the economy, also this industry plays an important role in social and economic development of the state. In this regard, there is a need for effective regulation of the oil and gas complex, in particular, the state regulation. Market concentration indices CR-3, CR-4, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, Hall-Teidman index and Lind index have been calculated for competitive environment analysis. Having analyzed the competitive environment of the Russian oil market in 2015-2019, it was possible to find out that the Russian oil market in 2015-2016 was moderately concentrated, in 2017-2019 - highly concentrated; during the whole period under consideration the Russian oil market was a monopolistic competition market. The study also analyzed the impact of integration processes on the indicators of socio-economic development of the country. The analysis revealed that gross domestic product (GDP) and consolidated budget revenues are moderately strongly influenced by integration processes on the oil market; the volume of oil production with gas condensate is moderately influenced by them. At the same time, integration processes in the oil market do not have a significant impact on economic growth and foreign trade balance.
Identification and analysis of market risks in the activity of business associations
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Zhilinkova Irina , Zasenko Vilena
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is because small business in the service sector is sensitive to external and internal shocks, more often than enterprises in other sectors of the economy are subject to bankruptcy. The activity of business associations, aimed at optimizing the business processes of their members, is an effective mechanism for supporting enterprises in the service sector, especially during an economic downturn. One of the important quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of business associations is the dynamics of the number of its membership base. The purpose of the study is to identify groups of risks and conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the degree of their influence on the indicator that predetermines the prospects and nature of the survival of business associations. The result of the study is the creation of a risk map based on the Ishikawa model, in accordance with which it is determined that economic risks have the maximum impact on the volatility of the membership of a business association. Political, financial and managerial risks can also exacerbate destructive processes in the activities of business associations, especially during periods of economic depression. Industry risks do not significantly hinder the development of business associations. Thus, the conducted qualitative analysis of the reasons for the reduction in the number of the membership base of a business association makes it possible to find approaches to the creation of a system of indicators for assessing their market stability.
AgroTech investment and AgroSmart economy in Russia
Authors: Aleksandrov Igor , Daroshka Vitali , Isakov Alexander , Chekhovskikh Irina , Ol Ekaterina , Borisova Elena
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The scientific article is devoted to the study of the formation of smart agriculture in Russia, taking into account the main trends in the development of the digital economy, as well as the characterization of the most important points of development of the national AgroSmart economy. Given the escalating problem of sanctions and the chronic nature of Russia’s food wars with both near and far abroad countries, the issue of forming a new organizational and technological paradigm in the agro-industrial complex is a vital step to ensure the well-being of the whole society. Currently, in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation there is a significant technological gap in terms of ensuring the smart growth of agribusinesses based on digital technologies and solutions, which negatively affects its production, export potential and financial condition. The validity and reliability of the results of scientific research was achieved through the correct construction of the logic and research scheme. Scientific and practical studies of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of agricultural business development, digital economy, public administration in the field of agriculture were used as the methodological and fundamental basis of the study.
Economic development of a region with a unique ecological system
Authors: Desfonteines Larisa , Korchagina Elena , Strekalova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article considers the possibility of developing the economy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the preservation of the ecological system of the region and the national and cultural characteristics of the indigenous population. The analysis of the resource potential of the region is given, recommendations for the development of the region's economy using the labor potential of the population living there are offered. The article analyzes the development of the region and the possibility of creating eco-friendly enterprises, the work of which does not violate the natural balance of the Arctic. The article highlights the main elements of the Arctic economic system that require support at the level of strategic development of the state and determine the key positions in the development of the region. The article considers the constraints and problems that hinder the economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the conditions for preserving the uniqueness of the nature and culture of the indigenous peoples of the region. The potential of the economic development of the region is investigated. Innovative options for the development of the region in combination with modern technologies for preserving the unique ecological system and the identity of the indigenous population are considered. Promising directions of economic development of the Arctic region while preserving the uniqueness of nature and cultural traditions of indigenous peoples are proposed.
Assessment tools for investment attracting factors in rural development
Authors: Makarova Tatyana , Domenko Yurij , Plotnikov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

In modern conditions, all phenomena, and socio-economic processes of the functioning of economic entities are interconnected, interdependent and conditioned. When analyzing economic phenomena and processes, we are faced with the multidimensionality of their description, that is, with the need to consider a large number of features. At the same time, it is not always possible to immediately single out the most significant, the main ones. This fact actualizes the need to study both the form of connection between socio-economic phenomena and processes, and the degree of its manifestation. The analysis of the investment attractiveness of rural areas can be carried out, including using the method of factor analysis. The purpose of the article is to develop a tool for assessing the factors of investment attractiveness of rural areas. For this, a factor analysis was carried out to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on the functioning of agricultural enterprises for further work on the formation of a strategic program for the development of agricultural territories. The study was carried out on empirical data from the Northern districts of the Omsk region (Russia). The results obtained will make it possible to develop complex management solutions aimed at regulating the activities of agricultural producers and provide the necessary support measures.
Business processes within enterprises providing public services: reference model development
Authors: Voronova Olga , Sadakova Viktoria , Sheleyko Viktoria , Ilyina Irina
Published: July 2021

This study focuses on the development of a reference model of business processes within enterprises providing public services in the field of real estate. The study revealed key features of process approach in the system of state regulation of the real estate market, considered organizational foundations of activities and technological processes of public institutions, and modelled the main business processes of public regulation enterprise at the top detail level. Based on a detailed representation of the main, managing and supporting business processes, the reference model was developed.
Innovative approaches to the development of strategic planning and management
Authors: Strekalova Natalia , Korchagina Elena , Desfonteines Larisa
Published: July 2021

The article discusses modern concepts and approaches to the strategic planning development and managers’ strategic thinking formation. Today the strategic thinking is considered as one of the most important and most demanded management competencies. However, there is still no understanding how managers can develop that competencies. The article proposes an integrative approach based on the use of competence, process and situational approaches. The article deals with a process model of the formation of managers’ strategic thinking skills based on the use of the concept of a business model, strategic analysis, and case study. The results obtained help to increase the managers’ training effectiveness and ensure its relevance to business practice. They can also be useful for practicing managers in conducting strategic sessions and strategic planning, as well as for professionals in the field of business education.
Sociocultural aspects of international students’ speech behavior: mixed method in language teaching
Authors: Sokolova Alla , Khuchbarova Dzhamilya , Radyuk Alexandra
Published: July 2021

In the present research, the authors have studied direct and indirect cross-cultural contact as well as motivated behavior and language attitude in a study-abroad context on the territory of the Russian Federation. For the research purposes, the mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative research methodologies was applied in order to demonstrate contact, behavioral and motivational variables throughout one academic year of the foundation programme. The authors attempted to identify the main factors affecting the language learning motivation of international students studying in Russian international programs, to define the type and frequency of the contact with the maximum impact on students’ perception of the language acquisition. The results of encounter experiences were registered at three discrete points throughout the academic year. The detailed analysis showed that written and media use contacts had become more frequent throughout the year while the direct spoken contacts had exhibited the opposite tendency. The authors attempted to give some recommendations that would encourage contact opportunities and reduce inter-group anxiety among foreign students. The implemented analysis of the research results has demonstrated that self-confidence of international students had suffered immensely as the result of the negative encounter experiences. This type of experiences could be fully eliminated or reduced to a minimum if the hosts were aware of the expectation, attitudes, feelings, and possible forms of the international students’ behavior. The study proved out the necessity of potential students to prepare for the study abroad programs before their arrival to the host country. They are supposed to develop communication skills and strategies as well as their linguistic ability. A necessary precondition for students upon their arrival is the provision of institutional support, which allows them to get used to new cultural and social environment and to bond with native speakers.
The influence of Indian languages on the functioning of grammatical forms in Spanish in the Mexican state of Oaxaca
Authors: Smirnova Irina , Vetrinskaya Victoria , Clemente-Smirnova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the local-specific features of the functioning of grammatical forms in the Spanish language of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Examples of the influence of Native American languages on the grammatical structure of the Spanish language are analyzed and given. The co-existence of the dominant Spanish and Indian languages had an impact on the Mexican variant of Spanish. During the three hundred years of Spanish colonization, the cultural diversity of the State of Oaxaca was mixed and expanded. Thus, a mixture of Spanish, autochthonous and African groups emerged, which defined the language of the residents of the region in particular. The implementation of language units in the state is characterized by a peculiarity that is expressed at the grammatical level. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of Indian languages on the grammatical structure of Spanish in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The research was based on articles, fiction written by Oaxaca authors. Textbooks on grammar of autochthonous languages of the Oto-Manguean group were studied. Interviews with governors, poets, state linguists and Oaxacan speakers in markets, streets, cafes were analyzed. As a result of the study, the Oaxaca resident’s speech revealed grammatical features influenced by Indian languages that distinguish local speech from that of the capital. As a result of the findings, there are prospects for further research into the influence of indigenous languages on Spanish in the State of Oaxaca.
Quality video lectures: high professional competence and good acting skills
Authors: Norin Veniamin , Norina Natalia , Pukharenko Yurii
Published: July 2021

Currently we see actively developing systems associated with distance learning, and such systems are based on new communication tools. They not only change the appearance of information space but also create special conditions for the formation of the modern distance learning system. The article describes requirements that must be established for an analyst teacher (a personality-technologist-analyst), whose training, in contrast to the training of a duty-holder teacher, comes to the fore, and who must be able to create technologies when adapting to new conditions of the constantly changing world, rather than to perform under pre-set technologies. The articles outline the substance of the creative method in teaching; it has been emphasized that teacher's activities are very close to those of an actor. Ways to resolve the issues of distance learning regarding acting as part of the teaching practice are outlined herein.
Ecologization of retail: Russian experience
Authors: Ikramov Ruslan , Mityashin Gleb
Published: July 2021

The paper analyzes the changes that have occurred in retail trade under the influence of eco-friendly trends in Russia. The paper defines the terms ecologization and ecologization of retail. There are three main directions of retail development: commodity ecologization, greening business processes and ecologization of the consumer environment. The paper presents an analysis of innovations in each of the areas of greening. The main elements of commodity greening are the introduction of eco-packaging into the product range and the introduction of eco-packages. For industrial greening, it is recommended to organize work with suppliers taking into account the need for the turnover of reusable containers and pay special attention to the management of goods with an expiring shelf life. The organization of the collection of secondary raw materials on the territory of stores is considered as the greening of the consumer environment. The paper emphasizes the importance of using eco-friendly innovations in the marketing and advertising strategies of stores. For the analysis, the practice of large Russian retailers, such as “X5 Retail Group”, “Magnit”, “Lenta”, “VkusVill” was used.
The problem of moral choice in early adulthood
Authors: Gilyano Albina , Kazantseva Dina , Sokolovskaya Irina
Published: July 2021

In modern Russia, as a result of the moral degradation of society, the problem of moral choice of the individual became acute. In the implementation of life plans, the individual has a divergence of moral attitudes that exist in the sphere of unconsciousness, consciousness, and their manifestation in behavior. The period of early adulthood, 17-25 years, is characterized by the self-organization dynamics of internal factors that determine the main results of the period under the specific influence of the social environment, all these influences the choice of profession, the creation of a family, the development of the emotional sphere. In this regard, there is a need to study the peculiarities and dynamics of moral choice in the period of early adulthood in modern Russia. The methods of the research are theoretical analysis and generalization, questionnaires, participant observation, survey, methods of qualitative data analysis, and statistical data manipulation. The researches were carried out in 2007, 2010, and 2019 in Penza. The sample number was 244 people, 110 people, 101 male and female people aged 17-22. The research works have shown that the increase in the crisis in society, from 2007 to 2019, negatively influenced the manifestation of high principles, moral qualities, the respect of moral traditions, the process of the achievement of the goal, and the confidence in the implementation of life plans. However, it was the crisis that made it possible to choose in favor of psycho-protective traditional foundations, specifically moral ideals, and values.
Socio-historical knowledge: the experience of philosophical-epistemological reflection
Authors: Strelchenko Vasiliy , Balakhonsky Vitaliy , Bakhtin Maxim , Balakhonskaya Liudmila , Ivanov Evgenii
Published: July 2021

The fact that the principle of pluralism of opinions prevails in today's socio-historical knowledge shows that the “postmodern condition” (J-F. Lyotard), which began in the late 70s and early 80s of the twentieth century, expresses the characteristic and most significant features of its epistemological situation. This situation is characterized by a fundamental change of emphasis in the approach itself, not even to the solution, but to the very formulation of the problem of the truth values and the conditions for the reliability of the statements put forward. In the recent past, it was almost generally accepted to consider the issues of reliability of socio-historical knowledge as essentially methodological and to associate the possibility of understanding the truth with the improvement of the system of instruments of the scientific method, then in recent decades, the situation has radically changed. Under the influence of strengthening the position of the “postmodern condition", we are no longer talking about criterion (methodological, logical, epistemological, etc.), but about the meaning of truth in general, and socio-historical truth in particular.
Using CFD to improve the performance of a heat exchanger from a gasifier
Authors: Dumitrescu Liliana , Maican Edmond , Pavel Ioan , Dumitrescu Cătălin , Găgeanu Iuliana , Pătruț Andrei
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed on a gas-liquid heat exchanger fitted on a gasification equipment. The flow and temperature patterns are preliminary investigated using SolidWorks Flow Simulation software, in order to gain insight into the involved physical processes, and to find the exchanger weak points before being manufactured and tested. The analysed equipment tranfers heat from the flue gasses generated by a gasification system, towards a liquid heat transfer medium. This is subsequently sent to a second liquidliquid heat exchanger used to heat water from a boiler. As a result of the analysis, solutions aiming at performance improvement of the equipment are discussed and proposed.
Study of regime parameters of the fermenter in the production of biogas from animal liquid waste materials
Authors: Zlateva Penka , Terziev Angel , Yordanov Krastin
Published: July 2021

The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.
Improving the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cell through regulating their temperature using thin films of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Naser Ali Kadhim , Hachim Dhafer Manea , Abed Qahtan A
Published: July 2021

Rising temperatures significantly affect the PV module, decreasing its voltage and lowering output power. Furthermore, temperature rises have been linked to several PV module failures or degradation modes. The purpose of this study analyzes polyvinyl alcohol PVA on crystalline silicon solar cells as a thermal insulation thin film. PVA thin films were prepared by dip-coating technique with a thickness of 1.15μm. The films exhibit suitable solar cell temperature controlling though it's an effect on masking the ultraviolet wavelength. The maximum temperature variation on the coating solar cell's surface was 4.5 °C as a comparison to a bare solar cell with irradiate exposure time 1800sec, and maximum efficiency obtained 18.99% in which Voc = 0.566 v and Isc = 330.2 mA when compared with bare solar cell 15.07% with benefit efficiency +3.92%. The concentrations of the polyvinyl alcohol influences on thin films and their effect on solar cell parameters are discussed.
The environmental situation of the ash medical waste in Baghdad city, Iraq
Authors: Jaber Sari , Aljawad Alaa Aldin , Prisecaru Tudor , Pop Elena
Published: July 2021

The paper presents and discusses medical waste issues (including the hazardous ones 15%) and their proper management in Iraq. Hence, improper handling of infectious medical waste endangers human health and the environment. Incineration is considered one of the effective ways to dispose of medical waste, especially in the time of Coronavirus (COVID-19) can eliminate all pathogens, reduce waste weight by more than 60-75% by weight and reduce volume accordingly. But that goes with ◌ِ a large quantities of heavy metals and reactive, toxic materials produced, which are throws in municipal in the landfill area. That causes pollution of the soil, groundwater and air as a result of its light flying ash. The only disposal method available in Iraq is incineration in purpose-built incinerators. This paper examined three incineration processes for three hospitals in Bagdad; Medical City Complex, Al-Amal National Hospital and Al Shifa coronavirus Hospital, and we worked on burning waste and analyzing ash. The results were that most of the waste after incineration had high heavy mineral concentrations and a small amount of other materials.
Considerations on the importance of the main chemical properties of the soil in agrochemical studies
Authors: Muraru Sebastian , Muraru Vergil , Condruz Paula , Ionel Cornelia Muraru , Sfiru Raluca
Published: July 2021

Information on soil nutrition level or soil pollution level can lead to the establishment of some recommendations or a strategic decision-making program for the reference area development. The specific soil analysis is essential both from an economic point of view and from an environmental point of view. To achieve an adequate management of the nutrients into an agricultural field, it is necessary to conduct an agrochemical study at an interval of 3–5 years, in which, the relevant agrochemical indicators for the evaluation of the nutrient supply state must be analysed, to determine fertilizer doses and/or recommended amendments for the expected crops. The agrochemical study must contain the analysis bulletin that provides the following information: pH value, humus and total nitrogen content, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content, C/N ratio (carbon / nitrogen), nitrogen index (NI), as well as the main microelements.
Integrating Green Tourism and Bioenergy for Sustainable Rural Development: the Example of the Hemp Cluster in Sumy Region in Ukraine
Authors: Shevchenko Hanna
Published: July 2021

Institutional support for the transition to sustainability, agricultural traditions, as well as land use regimes create favorable conditions for the development of bioenergy, in particular in the field of biomass related activities, in rural territories of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors and substantiate the relationship between green tourism and bioenergy in the context of expanding areas of sustainable rural development, on the example of agro-tourism hemp cluster in Sumy region in Ukraine. The research methodology: the theoretical-game approaches to balance the interests of stakeholders in rural development are applied in the paper, namely in the context of renewable energy, waste management and recreational and tourism activities. SWOT analysis was also applied with rationale of strategic directions of agro-tourism clusters development in the conditions of transitive economy. The rationale of proposals for improving the institutional support of sustainable rural development at the regional level allows to form a basis for increasing the level of investment attractiveness of projects such as agro-tourism hemp cluster. Besides, recommendations for the integration of green tourism and bioenergy are focused on the advanced development of rural areas with the involvement of other sectors of the economy, in particular, waste management.
Designing and dimensioning of a new type of pump that can be used in the field of land reclamation
Authors: Stoican (Prisecaru) Mariana Mirela , Băran Nicolae
Published: July 2021

The findings made during the operation of the pumping stations within the land improvement arrangements, energy balances, measurements performed and low efficiencies that are currently between 50% -77%, it is necessary to continue research in order to improve parameters and replacement of existing aggregates with energy efficient equipment. Thus, theoretical and experimental research was performed in order to improve the projected theoretical parameters of a rotating volumetric pump. For a certain water flow rate that should be transported to irrigate an area of agricultural land or discharged from a land area equipped with drainage works, a rotating pump is dimensioned and the flow rate according to the number of rotations diagram is plotted.
Aspects regarding the use of ultrasounds in the food industry
Authors: Sorică Cristian Marian , Vintilă Marian , Vlădutoiu Laurentiu , Sorică Elena , Grigore Iulia Andreea , Cristea Mario
Published: July 2021

Ultrasound is a rapidly developping research field that is more and more used in the food domain, both for analysis and processing of food products. This technology has been successfully applied within food industry for various processes like freezing, filtration, drying, separation, emulsion, sterilization and extraction. The paper presents aspects regarding the mechanism and use of ultrasound in food processing, as well as some technical equipment that use ultrasound within a combined technology, for the decontamination of the external surfaces of some horticultural products.
Comment des pédagogies alternatives peuvent aider à la réussite des étudiants de physique du 1er cycle universitaire
Authors: Demeyer Raphaëlle , Margueron Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Entretien avec Paula Heron, professeure de physique à l’Université de Washington, Seattle, USA. Elle nous présente les "Tutorials", méthodes pédagogiques novatrices développées au sein de l’équipe de recherche sur l’enseignement de la physique de l’Université de Washington, méthodes encore peu connues dans les universités françaises.

On discute ensuite une expérimentation de ces "Tutorials", effectuée dans le département de physique de l’Université Pierre et Marie Curie.
Ergodicity and perturbation bounds forMt/Mt/1 queue with balking, catastrophes, server failures and repairs
Authors: Zeifman Alexander , Satin Yacov , Kovalev Ivan , Ammar Sherif I.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we display methods for the computation of convergence and perturbation bounds forMt/Mt/1 system with balking, catastrophes, server failures and repairs. Based on the logarithmic norm of linear operators, the bounds on the rate of convergence, perturbation bounds, and the main limiting characteristics of the queue-length process are obtained. Finally, we consider the application of all obtained estimates to a specific model.
Coherent thermodynamic model for ice Ih—A model case for complex behavior
Authors: Holzapfel Wilfried B. , Klotz Stefan
Published: July 2021

New data on the variation of the thermal expansion of ice Ih with temperature at ambient pressure together with new evaluations of the bulk modulus and earlier data for the heat capacity provide the basis for a coherent thermodynamic modeling of the main thermophysical properties of ice Ih over its whole range of stability. The quasi-harmonic approximation with one Debye term and seven Einstein terms, together with explicit anharmonicity, represents the dominant contribution next to minor “anomalies” from hydrogen ordering and lattice defects. The model accurately fits the main features of all experimental data and provides a basis for the comparison with earlier determinations of the phonon density of states and the Grüneisen parameters.
Electrically driven optical resonance of spherical ZnO whispering gallery mode microcavity
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Li Zhuxin , Wang Ru , Zhu Gangyi , Qin Feifei , Chen Jinping , Wang Junjie , Shi Zengliang , Cui Qiannan , Xu Chunxiang
Published: July 2021

Spherical microcavities with low optical loss and high quality factor are attractive candidates for functional applications, including whispering gallery mode lasers, intracellular lasers, ultrasensitive biosensors, etc. In particular, electrically driven devices are beneficial for several applications such as optoelectronic integration. However, it is difficult to realize the electrically driven optoelectronic functions. In this study, the high-quality ZnO microspheres are fabricated by using a laser ablation method, and an excellent ultraviolet lasing system is achieved by optical pumping. Moreover, ultraviolet electroluminescence analysis demonstrates that ZnO microspheres are bonded to the p-GaN substrate. Furthermore, distinct resonant modes are obtained after inserting an appropriate AlN buffer layer at the n-ZnO/p-GaN interface. The optoelectronic behavior, charge carrier transportation, and recombination mechanism of the structure are systematically analyzed, and related interface modification, energy band alignment, and optical gain/loss contrast are also discussed. Overall, the results provide useful insights on further exploration of electrically pumped ZnO microsphere lasers.
Supersonic-to-subsonic transition of a radiation wave observed at the LMJ
Authors: Courtois C. , Robert C. , Bretheau D. , Fariaut J. , Ferri M. , Geoffray I. , Legay G. , Philippe F. , Rosch R. , Soullie G. , Villette B.
Published: July 2021

We detail results of an experiment performed at the Laser Mégajoule facility aimed at studying transition from supersonic radiation front to shock front in a low density CHOBr foam enclosed in a plastic tube driven by thermal emission produced in a laser heated spherical gold cavity. Time resolved 2D hard x-ray radiography imaging using a Sc source (photon energy at ∼4.3 keV) is employed to measure the density perturbation front position, absorption, curvature, and shocked material compression (defined as the compressed foam density normalized to its nominal value) from the supersonic to the subsonic regimes of propagation. Between these two regimes where compression goes from 1 (limited hydrodynamics) to 4 (strong shock formed), a quick increase in the foam compression is observed at the transition time tHS = 6.75 ± 0.75 ns, corresponding to the transient transonic regime (HS means “hydrodynamically separated” and refers to the instant when the shock and the radiation front physically separate). This time is associated with a foam compression ratio of ∼2 and a Mach number of the slowing down front below M < 2. Experimental results are successfully compared to 3D hydrodynamics simulations; comparisons are never presented for that regime in similar past studies to our knowledge. Simulations show that the transition time tHS is sensitive to the radiation closure of the tube entrance. This closure, which occurs in 3D, affects the amount of x-ray energy coupled from the laser heated cavity to the CHOBr foam and consequently the transient transonic regime dynamics.
Simultaneous multimethod scanning probe microscopy of complex nano-systems
Authors: Otto Lauren M. , Nowak Derek , Morrison William , Park Sung , Stipe Barry C. , Hammack Aeron T.
Published: July 2021

In the twenty-first century, scanning probe microscopy characterization techniques have seen significant progress and are capable of probing complex structures and devices for a variety of near-surface features and phenomena with nanometer scale resolution. With modest customization, we can deploy these techniques for industrial metrology purposes in a simultaneous and multimethod system capable of shedding light on device function and failure modes, as well as determining the most efficient methods for data collection. To demonstrate this concept with a current, complex industrial device under development, several scanning probe microscopy techniques advantageous to the progress of heat-assisted magnetic recording heads were selected. This work describes simultaneous and multimethod approaches for performing heat-assisted magnetic recording head characterization using atomic force microscopy with scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy simultaneously performed with magnetic force microscopy or photo-induced force microscopy that could be extended to applications of other complex nanoscale devices. We demonstrate that the optical and magnetic fields are overlapping for fabricated heads, which is necessary for performing heat-assisted magnetic recording. We also observed that the multimethod atomic force microscopy methods show strong agreement between the measured optical and magnetic fields and the locale of their associated parts on the head.
Strain dependent spin-blockade effect realization in the charge-disproportionated SrCoO2.5 thin films
Authors: Chowdhury Sourav , Choudhary R. J. , Phase D. M.
Published: July 2021

The spin-blockade phenomena occur in the charge-ordered systems because of the non-conservation of the spin-states of the charges across the charge hopping process. Here, we have investigated the validation of the spin-blockade phenomena in a different kind of charge-ordered system, viz. charge-disproportionated SrCoO2.5 thin film, where O-2p hole is the key parameter for such charge-ordering. It is observed with the help of the polarization-dependent O K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy that the spin-blockade increases with the decrease in charge-disproportionation vis-à-vis O-2p hole density in the SrCoO2.5 films. The spin-blockade has been realized in terms of the lowest energy charge fluctuation energetics in the SrCoO2.5 films. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of the spin-blockade phenomena in both the usual charge-ordered and unusual charge-disproportionated systems, which would lead to a path forward toward novel material designing.
Generalized discrete truncated Wigner approximation for nonadiabatic quantum-classical dynamics
Authors: Lang Haifeng , Vendrell Oriol , Hauke Philipp
Published: July 2021

Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics occur in a wide range of chemical reactions and femtochemistry experiments involving electronically excited states. These dynamics are hard to treat numerically as the system’s complexity increases, and it is thus desirable to have accurate yet affordable methods for their simulation. Here, we introduce a linearized semiclassical method, the generalized discrete truncated Wigner approximation (GDTWA), which is well-established in the context of quantum spin lattice systems, into the arena of chemical nonadiabatic systems. In contrast to traditional continuous mapping approaches, e.g., the Meyer–Miller–Stock–Thoss and the spin mappings, GDTWA samples the electron degrees of freedom in a discrete phase space and thus forbids an unphysical unbounded growth of electronic state populations. The discrete sampling also accounts for an effective reduced but non-vanishing zero-point energy without an explicit parameter, which makes it possible to treat the identity operator and other operators on an equal footing. As numerical benchmarks on two linear vibronic coupling models and Tully’s models show, GDTWA has a satisfactory accuracy in a wide parameter regime, independent of whether the dynamics is dominated by relaxation or by coherent interactions. Our results suggest that the method can be very adequate to treat challenging nonadiabatic dynamics problems in chemistry and related fields.
Modeling, characterization, and fabrication of bell-tip microneedle array by diffraction and self-aligned lens effects
Authors: Tan Jun Ying , Kim Albert , Kim Jungkwun ‘JK’
Published: July 2021

Microneedle arrays have been proposed in a wide range of biomedical applications, such as transdermal drug delivery and sensing. However, a scalable manufacturing process of precise microneedle fabrication of the microneedle has been challenged. This paper demonstrates UV-lithography-based one-step fabrication of fine-tuned bell-tip microneedles using a combination of light diffraction and the self-aligned lens effect. Microscale photopatterns can derive the predictive diffraction patterns where the higher light intensity at the center of the photopattern solidifies the liquid photoresist and forms a microlens shape in a self-aligned manner. The light through the microlens focuses down to a sharp point to form a conical shape for the body of the microneedle. Then light propagation through the vertex of the cone causes light emission, creating a fine bell-tip. The described light propagation behavior was characterized and explained in terms of the light intensity distribution from the diffraction based on the extended Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction model. The optics finite element analysis software was used to verify the light propagation and the intensity distribution. The step-by-step fabrication process was demonstrated using biocompatible photosensitive resins and validated the light attenuation and the cross-linking energy. The 20 × 20 bell-tip microneedles' array was able to be fabricated from the predicted model. Finally, a microneedle array with various shapes and heights on the same substrate was fabricated by single light exposure, demonstrating numerous achievable shapes using the proposed microneedle fabrication method.
Turbulence of melt-blowing airflow field: Comparison of a convergent jet and a typical free jet
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Hui , Zeng Yongchun
Published: July 2021

The turbulent characteristics of the melt-blowing convergent jet and a typical free jet are compared based on the data obtained from hot-wire measurements. For the first time, the effects of the impingement, which is created by the two jet branches issuing from a convergent jet nozzle, on the turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress, and power spectral density of turbulent velocities, are investigated. The results show that the impingement leads to greater and faster spread of the additional turbulent shear stress and a larger portion of higher frequency components. The characteristics of the dual-impinging jets under the slot-die nozzle provide the possibility of controlling the melt-blowing airflow field.