bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Quién es el perpetrador? Una aproximación a las categorías, perfiles y dimensiones elaborados en Chile
Authors: Dalla Porta Andrade Constanza , Sagredo Mazuela Omar
Published: November 2024

Este estudio analiza el conocimiento relativo a los perpetradores de la dictadura civil militar chilena (1973-1990) presente en diez trabajos escritos y publicados en Chile. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con el objetivo de interpretar las categorías y perfiles que estos estudios proponen, en especial, aquellas formulaciones planteadas respecto del origen, motivaciones y carácter de los victimarios. Se analizan diez obras que proponen perfiles y/o categorías sobre los perpetradores, interpretando las características planteadas y organizándolas en cuatro ejes explicativos acerca de su carácter y/o motivación. Los resultados muestran las principales tendencias sobre el trabajo interpretativo respecto de los perpetradores. Se discute la naturaleza de los estudios existentes, reflexionando acerca de los vacíos que persisten en el abordaje de los victimarios.
Lugares de memoria en resistencias: entre la dictadura y la revuelta de 2019 en Chile
Authors: Piper Shafir Isabel , Vélez Maya Margarita
Published: November 2024

En este estudio se busca comprender los usos memoriales del espacio público durante la revuelta social de 2019 en Santiago (Chile), y su relación con los lugares de memoria que tienen como foco el recuerdo de los crímenes de la dictadura civil-militar. Para ello se analizaron tres lugares emblemáticos usados en la revuelta para hacer memoria: el Memorial de Mauricio Fredes, La Plaza Dignidad y La Galería del Pueblo de los Muros del Centro Cultural Gabriela Mistral. Se emplea una metodología cualitativa, a partir de una aproximación al tema estudiado de tipo etnográfico. Se concluye que los lugares de memoria de la revuelta se constituyen en procesos de memorialización resistentes en dos sentidos. En primer lugar, porque tensionan la narrativa memorial hegemónica a partir de la cual se configuran los lugares del recuerdo de la dictadura en Chile. El segundo, es que se constituyen en una apropiación y uso alternativo espacio público, que irrumpe y socava sus modos y disposiciones normativizadas y tradicionales. Sostenemos que durante la revuelta el uso memorial del espacio público sirvió como herramienta de acción para la ciudadanía movilizada, mostrando que en el país hay una cultura de memorialización que permea las prácticas políticas actuales.
Bienestar subjetivo en las trayectorias de escolares inmigrantes en tres escuelas chilenas
Authors: Díaz Pacheco César Marcelo , Conejeros Solar María Leonor , Llanes Ordóñez Juan , Sandín Esteban María Paz
Published: November 2024

El tránsito de la escuela de origen a la de acogida se concibe como una transición de alto riesgo para el colectivo migrante dado el impacto sobre el bienestar que significa el tener que trasladarse hacia un nuevo territorio. Así, en este estudio se analiza el Bienestar Subjetivo en las trayectorias educativas de escolares inmigrantes de la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Para ello, se desarrolló un Estudio cualitativo transeccional mediante un diseño de casos colectivo en tres escuelas públicas chilenas. Particularmente, se aplicaron entrevistas individuales y metodologías participativas grupales, ambas de naturaleza biográfico-narrativa. Los hallazgos dejan de manifiesto diversos factores de incidencia sobre el Bienestar Subjetivo, tales como: el acompañamiento familiar, las relaciones entre pares, el profesorado como soporte de apoyo y los proyectos de emprendimiento e ingreso a la educación postobligatoria. Estos elementos se posicionan como protectores clave en el desarrollo óptimo de las trayectorias de estudiantes extranjeros insertos en entornos educativos emergentes de acogida, como lo es el caso chileno.
Macroeconomic Variables’ Impact on Rental Rate in the United Kingdom Islamic Home Financing Using Bound Cointegration Test
Authors: SALIHU Jamilu
Published: November 2024

Rental rate has been suggested as a better alternative to replace the interest rate in Islamic home financing. However, the suggested alternative has to be free from the influence of any form of interest rate. This paper examines the long-run influence of macroeconomic variables on the rental rate in the United Kingdom housing market. The aim is to investigate whether the rental rate is free from the influence of both long-term and short-term interest rates in order to substitute the interest rate in Islamic home financing. The study employs Autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model to empirically estimate a long-run relationship between the rental rate and some selected macroeconomic variables. Using the United Kingdom housing market data from the first quarter of 1990 to the last quarter of 2016. The results show that rental rate is free from the influence of both short-term and long-term interest rate. Hence it could be recommended as an alternative to interest for Islamic home financing. The results further show that GDP, inflation rate, and share price positively influence rental rate.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M.Sm.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus Sp.
Authors: Helmidanora Rusdiati , Yullia Sukawaty  , Divya Miranti  , Tria Prayoga  , Nia Lisnawati
Published: November 2024

Kecombrang plant contains essential oils which are bioactive, including 0.0735% in the leaves. in flowers 0.0334%, in stems 0.0029% and in rhizomes 0.0021%. Combrang flowers (Etlingera elatior (Jack)) have effective antibacterial activity. The aim of this research was to determine the level of ethanol extract of kecombrang flowers from Pampang village (100-500 masl), East Kalimantan in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The object studied was the inhibitory zone of kecombrang flower extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Extract preparation was carried out using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the well method with extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and positive control chloramphenicol and negative control DMSO. The results of this study were that 96% ethanol extract of kecombrang flowers had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a maximum concentration of 60% and had a medium category inhibitory power of 5.933 mm.
ANALISIS BIAYA DAN RASIONALITAS PENGOBATAN EKSASERBASI ASMA PASIEN RAWAT INAP
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Marthy Meliana Ariyanti Jalmav  , Fadik Lafia Lailatul
Published: November 2024

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and asthma-related costs are very high. The aim is to determine cost analysis and evaluate the difference in real costs with INA-CBG’s rates, and evaluate the rationality of treating asthma exacerbations. This design is retrospective by looking at medical record data of patients with asthma exacerbations at RSU Anwar Medika Sidoarjo, for the period January 2020-December 2022. The variables are the real costs and rates of INA-CBGs, and the incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs) of patient treatment data during in the hospital. The data collection method is by observing medical record data and details of medical costs. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney to determine differences in real costs and rates for INA-CBGs. Analysis of rational treatment with MTO is presented descriptively. The number of respondents was 108, with mild (85.19%) and severe (14.81%) asthma rates. The highest direct costs were incurred for accommodation room costs and laboratory costs. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that the p value of 0.096 was greater than the alpha value of 0.05, it was concluded that there was no difference in real costs compared to the INA-CBGs rate in asthma patients. Of the patients who experienced MTO, 63 samples (51.21%) experienced DRP and 60 samples (48.78%) did not experience DRP, so it can be concluded that the percentage of DRP events is still high. The total number of DRP incidents that occurred was 182 cases, and the types of DRP that occurred most frequently were unnecessary medication in 179 cases (98.35%) and suboptimal drug effects in 3 cases (1.65%).
Importância do profissional farmacêutico no tratamento DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Caixeta Warlei , Carvalho Aline souza silva
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. When chronic, hyperglycemia can lead to damage in organs such as the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. Affecting over 140 million people worldwide, it is one of the most common non-communicable diseases.
DANO SOCIAL E RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO: REFUGOS HUMANOS E CRIMES CORPORATIVOS
Authors: Correa Marcel Gustavo , Ferreira Renata Hellwig
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo aborda o fenômeno jurídico do consumo a partir de seus aspectos criminais; a análise parte do método dedutivo; a partir do princípio da vulnerabilidade, estuda-se a tutela penal do consumidor sob os olhares da dogmática, da criminologia e da política criminal, com a finalidade de analisar o conceito de dano social e de refugos humanos. A partir da análise da legislação pretende-se responder se tutela penal positivada no ordenamento jurídico é adequada à proteção da relação de consumo, tendo como hipótese de trabalho a resposta negativa a esta indagação; o resultado é no sentido de confirmar a hipótese a partir das consequências sociais do consumo, quando relacionadas com a esfera penal.
MICROTRANSAÇÕES EM JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DO FATURAMENTO DE EMPRESAS DESENVOLVEDORAS DE GAMES E O COMPORTAMENTO DE CONSUMO DOS ESTUDANTES DA UFAM
Authors: Santos Hellen Beatriz Mourão dos , Negreiros Miguel Carlos Viana , Alves Adenes Teixeira
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como tema central "Microtransações em Jogos Eletrônicos: Uma Investigação do Faturamento de Empresas Desenvolvedoras de Games e o Comportamento de Consumo dos Estudantes da UFAM". Trata-se de um tema pouco explorado, mas bastante presente no cotidiano de qualquer pessoa com acesso à internet, seja por meio de smartphones, computadores, etc. O objetivo deste trabalho é medir o comportamento dos estudantes da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, a fim de traçar um perfil de consumidor que possa orientar as empresas em seus investimentos e estratégias para aumentar lucros. Além disso, busca-se identificar qual perfil de consumidor apresenta maior tendência a gastar dinheiro em itens virtuais. O objetivo secundário consiste em realizar uma análise empresarial das empresas desenvolvedoras de jogos, proporcionando uma base para entender seu desempenho e as perspectivas de crescimento no ramo, especialmente no que tange às microtransações como meio de arrecadação de recursos. A metodologia aplicada envolveu a técnica de análise das demonstrações contábeis, com foco na Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício (DRE) e na Demonstração do Fluxo de Caixa (DFC) das empresas selecionadas. Com base nos dados levantados, foi realizado um questionário com alunos da UFAM, que serviu como ferramenta para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa. Por fim, o artigo conclui seus objetivos embasado em dados numéricos, com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, e propõe questionamentos a serem abordados em pesquisas futuras.
METODOLOGIAS PARTICIPATIVAS E AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE ASSISTÊNCIA TÉCNICA E EXTENSÃO RURAL (ATER) VOLTADAS À AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO SEMIÁRIDO
Authors: Jesus Edilma Nunes de , Pereira Alessandra Santana , Santos Emanuela Carla , Feitosa Flavia Regina Sobral , Passos Karla Fabiany Santana , Nunes Neta Maria Marques
Published: November 2024

A agricultura familiar cumpre um papel fundamental e tem buscado o apoio institucionalizado da chamada Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER), para que se desenvolvam estratégias de melhor convivência com o semiárido. O presente estudo tem como objetivo responder aos questionamentos sobre o papel das metodologias participativas adotadas pela ATER e os avanços realizados nestes serviços, principalmente, no tocante à maior sustentabilidade para a agricultura familiar no Brasil. A presente pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica. Diante disso, compreende-se que os trabalhos de ATER deverão envolver as metodologias participativas, de forma a configurar espaços de interação, além de possibilitar vez e voz à agricultura familiar. Desse modo, as metodologias participativas a exemplo do Diagnóstico Rápido ou Rural Participativo-DRP; O dia de campo na extensão; Unidades de Pesquisa Participativa; o Manejo Florestal Participativo, dentre outras, começaram a trazer uma nova trajetória da extensão rural, de forma participativa. Logo, espera-se que as metodologias participativas estimulem a troca de saberes e que os projetos e ações relacionados surjam do diagnóstico e envolvimento dos camponeses. Entretanto, ainda existem desafios que exigem desde uma formação de extensionista que abandone totalmente a lógica de transferências de tecnologias, até maiores investimentos, para que essa política de educação popular chegue a todos, e realmente se efetive como um direito dos camponeses(as) contribuindo para um desenvolvimento rural voltado para a sustentabilidade.
EXTRAÇÃO PREVENTIVA DOS TERCEIROS MOLARES
Authors: Santos Deborah Duarte , Costa Junior Florival , Pinto Emanuel Vieira
Published: November 2024

A remoção dos terceiros molares, conhecidos popularmente por “extração de siso”, é um procedimento realizado frequentemente dentro dos consultórios odontológicos, no entanto, a remoção dos terceiros molares de forma preventiva vem sendo debatida com incompatibilidade de opiniões entre os Cirurgiões Dentistas. A presente pesquisa vem tratar sobre o tema Extração Preventiva dos terceiros molares, visto a problemática acerca dos danos causados ao paciente na retenção prolongada desse órgão como lesões de cárie, reabsorção das raízes dos dentes adjacente, periocoronarite, aparecimento de cistos e tumores odontogênicos. No entanto indaga-se: é realmente viável aderir a extração preventiva dos terceiros molares? O objetivo geral deste Artigo Científico é descrever as indicações da extração preventiva dos terceiros molares. Em sequência apresentando os objetivos específicos em como avaliar as vantagens e desvantagens dessa escolha, bem como destacar as complicações, dificuldades e prejuízos geradas ao paciente a partir do procedimento cirúrgico. A metodologia escolhida para o trabalho e pesquisa bibliográfica documental é através do levantamento de referências bibliográficas e revisão de literatura da área de odontologia. Dentro dos resultados finais observa-se que a literatura é tendenciosa para a extração dos terceiros molares com alguma patologia associada, fazendo-se necessário um monitoramento periódico desse elemento a fim de visualizar um prognóstico sempre positivo ao paciente. Conclui-se então que cada paciente possui as suas particularidades anatômicas e é papel do profissional realizar o correto diagnóstico a fim de disponibilizar as alternativas de tratamento individual.
PARCERIA PÚBLICO-PRIVADA NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Martins Ana Karolina Nunes , Leite André Henrique Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Em busca da melhoria nas funções estatais, admite-se a celebração de parcerias com entes privados em determinadas situações. Neste sentido, por ser rotineiramente apontado como falho, o sistema penitenciário nacional se destaca dentre os setores de atuação estatal onde é urgente a implementação de melhoria.  O alto índice de reincidência, bem como as constantes rebeliões, fugas e superlotação das cadeias, levam ao aumento da criminalidade, em contraposto aos objetivos da penalização no Brasil, que compreende além da repressão à conduta antijurídica, mas essencialmente a prevenção de novos crimes através da recuperação do apenado, ressocializado ao final da execução de sua pena.  Justamente por existirem casos concretos de parceria público-privada em alguns estabelecimentos prisionais nacionais é que se levanta a discussão sobre a implantação dessas parcerias por todos os entes estatais, a fim de delegar ao particular a gestão desses estabelecimentos em busca de maior efetividade na finalidade da pena. A resolução do problema proposto e o atendimento do objetivo geral de analisar a viabilidade da implantação de parceria público-privada no sistema prisional brasileiro se realiza através desta pesquisa bibliográfica, baseada na doutrina e legislação pátrias.
Observational benchmarks inform representation of soil organic carbon dynamics in land surface models
Authors: Nyaupane Kamal , Mishra Umakant , Tao Feng , Yeo Kyongmin , Riley William J. , Hoffman Forrest M. , Gautam Sagar
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Representing soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs) is a key source of uncertainty in predicting carbon–climate feedbacks. Machine learning models can help identify dominant environmental controllers and establish their functional relationships with SOC stocks. The resulting knowledge can be integrated into ESMs to reduce uncertainty and improve predictions of SOC dynamics over space and time. In this study, we used a large number of SOC field observations (n=54 000), geospatial datasets of environmental factors (n=46), and two machine learning approaches (namely random forest, RF, and generalized additive modeling, GAM) to (1) identify dominant environmental controllers of global and biome-specific SOC stocks, (2) derive functional relationships between environmental controllers and SOC stocks, and (3) compare the identified environmental controllers and predictive relationships with those in models used in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Our results showed that the diurnal temperature, drought index, cation exchange capacity, and precipitation were important observed environmental predictors of global SOC stocks. While the RF model identified 14 environmental factors that describe climatic, vegetation, and edaphic conditions as important predictors of global SOC stocks (R2=0.61, RMSE = 0.46 kg m−2), current ESMs oversimplify the relationships between environmental factors and SOC, with precipitation, temperature, and net primary productivity explaining > 96 % of the variability in ESM-modeled SOC stocks. Further, our study revealed notable disparities among the functional relationships between environmental factors and SOC stocks simulated by ESMs compared with observed relationships. To improve SOC representations in ESMs, it is imperative to incorporate additional environmental controls, such as the cation exchange capacity, and refine the functional relationships to align more closely with observations.
Robust handling of extremes in quantile mapping – “Murder your darlings”
Authors: Berg Peter , Bosshard Thomas , Bozhinova Denica , Bärring Lars , Löw Joakim , Nilsson Carolina , Strandberg Gustav , Södling Johan , Thuresson Johan , Wilcke Renate , Yang Wei
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Quantile mapping is a method often used for the bias adjustment of climate model data toward a reference, i.e. to construct a transformation of the model's distribution to that of the reference. The main moments of the distributions are typically well transformed by quantile mapping, but statistical uncertainty increases towards the extreme tails, making robust transformations challenging. Because of the limited data at the extreme tails, an empirical quantile mapping also needs to make some estimation or fit a parameterised function for data beyond the calibration data range. Here, the MIdAS bias adjustment platform is employed to explore different methods for handling the extreme tail; these approaches are evaluated using an indicator of extreme precipitation – the maximum daily precipitation amount per year. Different methodologies are evaluated for a large ensemble of regional climate model projections over Scandinavia. The sensitivity of the empirical quantile mapping to the tails of the distribution is demonstrated, and it is found that the behaviour is significantly different within and outside of the calibration period, causing severe issues with the temporal consistency of the time series. The sensitivity is identified to be due to differences in the activated features of the bias adjustment within the calibration period (where the empirical transfer function is applied) and outside of that period (where the extrapolation method is likely applied). This means that the bias adjustment method is, in a sense, different between different time periods. Furthermore, finding a robust parameterisation for the tail is not straightforward. We identify a two-step solution that works well for this problem: We refer to the first step as “Murder your darlings”. By excluding data from the tail data in the calibration period, the extrapolation feature is activated for all time periods, even the calibration period. In the second step, applying an outlier-insensitive method for linear regression works well for finding an extrapolation parameterisation for the tail.
DECIPHeR-GW v1: A coupled hydrological model with improved representation of surface-groundwater interactions
Authors: Zheng Yanchen , Coxon Gemma , Rahman Mostaquimur , Woods Ross , Salwey Saskia , Rong Youtong , Wendt Doris
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Groundwater is a crucial part of the hydrologic cycle and the largest accessible freshwater source for humans and ecosystems. However, most hydrological models lack explicit representation of surface-groundwater interactions, leading to poor prediction performance in groundwater-dominated catchments. This study presents DECIPHeR-GW v1, a new surface-groundwater hydrological model that couples a Hydrological Response Units (HRU)-based hydrological model and a two-dimensional gridded groundwater model. By using a two-way coupling method, the groundwater model component receives recharge from HRUs, simulates surface-groundwater interactions, and returns groundwater levels and groundwater discharges to HRUs, where river routing is then performed. These interactions are happening at each time step in our new surface-groundwater model. Depending on the storage capacity of the surface water model component and the position of the modelled groundwater level, three scenarios are developed to derive recharge and capture surface-groundwater interactions dynamically. Our new coupled model was calibrated and evaluated against daily flow timeseries from 669 catchments and groundwater level data from 1804 wells across England and Wales. The model provides streamflow simulation with a median KGE of 0.83 across various catchment characteristics, with high performance particularly for the drier chalk catchments in southeast England, where the average KGE increased from 0.49 in the benchmark DECIPHeR model to 0.7. Furthermore, our model reproduces temporal patterns of the groundwater level timeseries, with more than half of the wells achieving a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.6 or higher when comparing simulations to observations. Overall, this new DECIPHeR-GW model demonstrates remarkable accuracy and computational efficiency in reproducing streamflow and groundwater levels, making it a valuable tool for addressing water resources and management issues over large domains.
The European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20): geologic input data for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Authors: Basili Roberto , Danciu Laurentiu , Beauval Céline , Sesetyan Karin , Vilanova Susana Pires , Adamia Shota , Arroucau Pierre , Atanackov Jure , Baize Stéphane , Canora Carolina , Caputo Riccardo , Carafa Michele Matteo Cosimo , Cushing Edward Marc , Custódio Susana , Demircioglu Tumsa Mine Betul , Duarte João C. , Ganas Athanassios , García-Mayordomo Julián , Gómez de la Peña Laura , Gràcia Eulàlia , Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Jomard Hervé , Kastelic Vanja , Maesano Francesco Emanuele , Martín-Banda Raquel , Martínez-Loriente Sara , Neres Marta , Perea Hector , Šket Motnikar Barbara , Tiberti Mara Monica , Tsereteli Nino , Tsironi Varvara , Vallone Roberto , Vanneste Kris , Zupančič Polona , Giardini Domenico
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Earthquake hazard analyses rely on seismogenic source models. These are designed in various fashions, such as point sources or area sources, but the most effective is the three-dimensional representation of geological faults. We here refer to such models as fault sources. This study presents the European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20), which was one of the primary input datasets of the recently released European Seismic Hazard Model 2020. The EFSM20 compilation was entirely based on reusable data from existing active fault regional compilations that were first blended and harmonized and then augmented by a set of derived parameters. These additional parameters were devised to enable users to formulate earthquake rate forecasts based on a seismic-moment balancing approach. EFSM20 considers two main categories of seismogenic faults: crustal faults and subduction systems, which include the subduction interface and intraslab faults. The compiled dataset covers an area from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Caucasus and from northern Africa to Iceland. It includes 1248 crustal faults spanning a total length of ∼95 100 km and four subduction systems, namely the Gibraltar, Calabrian, Hellenic, and Cyprus arcs, for a total length of ∼2120 km. The model focuses on an area encompassing a buffer of 300 km around all European countries (except for Overseas Countries and Territories) and a maximum of 300 km depth for the subducting slabs. All the parameters required to develop a seismic source model for earthquake hazard analysis were determined for crustal faults and subduction systems. A statistical distribution of relevant seismotectonic parameters, such as faulting mechanisms, slip rates, moment rates, and prospective maximum magnitudes, is presented and discussed to address unsettled points in view of future updates and improvements. The dataset, identified by the DOI https://doi.org/10.13127/efsm20 (Basili et al., 2022), is distributed as machine-readable files using open standards (Open Geospatial Consortium).
Influence of building collapse on pluvial and fluvial flood inundation of metro stations in central Shanghai
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Hanqi , Zhang Zhibo , Dai Chaomeng , Jiang Simin
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Urban flooding poses a significant threat to vulnerable underground infrastructure systems, such as metro stations. Building collapse induced by earthquakes alters urban building layout and coverage, consequently influencing flood inundation and propagation patterns. This study employs GPU-accelerated hydrodynamic simulation to investigate the mechanisms by which building collapse affects subsequent pluvial or fluvial flooding in the Huangpu District of Shanghai. Massive building collapse layouts are randomly generated, on which hydrodynamic simulations are performed and the inundation process of the metro stations is analyzed. The results reveal that pluvial floods are strongly influenced by localized topography distributed across the city. Consequently, building collapse has a more substantial impact on pluvial flooding when more buildings have collapsed. In contrast, fluvial floods are sensitive to the source location (e.g., location of levee breach) and the long travel route. Building collapse can either positively or negatively influence fluvial flooding by constricting or blocking the flow path. This work highlights the complex mechanism of earthquake–flood multi-hazard processes, emphasizing the importance of performing local-to-local analysis when both the hazard (e.g., individual building collapse, fluvial flood) and the hazard-bearing body (e.g., metro station) are localized. To better serve urban disaster prevention and mitigation, more efforts should be directed to developing physics-based high-resolution urban earthquake–flood simulation methods, as well as to acquiring data to drive such simulations.
Land surface temperature trends derived from Landsat imagery in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Gök Deniz Tobias , Scherler Dirk , Wulf Hendrik
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The warming of high mountain regions caused by climate change is leading to glacier retreat, decreasing snow cover, and thawing permafrost, all of which have far-reaching effects on ecosystems and societies. Landsat Collection 2 provides multi-decadal land surface temperature (LST) data, principally suited for large-scale monitoring at high spatial resolution. In this study, we assess the potential to extract LST trends using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 time series. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of both LST and LST trends with data from 119 ground stations of the Intercantonal Measurement and Information System (IMIS) network, located at high elevations in the Swiss Alps. The direct comparison of Landsat and IMIS LST yields robust satellite data with a mean accuracy and precision of 0.26 and 4.68 K, respectively. For LST trends derived from a 22.6-year record length, as imposed by the IMIS data, we obtain a mean accuracy and precision of −0.02 and 0.13 K yr−1, respectively. However, we find that Landsat LST trends are biased due to unstable diurnal acquisition times, especially for Landsat 5 and 7. Consequently, LST trend maps derived from 38.5-year Landsat data exhibit systematic variations with topographic slope and aspect that we attribute to changes in direct shortwave radiation between different acquisition times. We discuss the origin of the magnitude and spatial variation of the LST trend bias in comparison with modeled changes in direct shortwave radiation and propose a simple approach to estimate the LST trend bias. After correcting for the LST trend bias, the remaining LST trend values average between 0.07 and 0.10 K yr−1. Furthermore, the comparison of Landsat- and IMIS-derived LST trends suggests the existence of a clear-sky bias, with an average value of 0.027 K yr−1. Despite these challenges, we conclude that Landsat LST data offer valuable high-resolution records of spatial and temporal LST variations in mountainous terrain. In particular, changes in the mountain cryosphere, such as glacier retreat, glacier debris cover evolution, and changes in snow cover, are preserved in the LST trends and potentially contribute to improved prediction of permafrost temperatures with large spatial coverage. Our study highlights the significance of understanding and addressing biases in LST trends for reliable monitoring in such challenging terrains.
Carbon Balance of a Sub-Tropical Grazing Grassland During Drought Recovery, Micrometeorological Estimates Compared to Inventory Approaches
Authors:   , Grace Liam
Published: November 2024

This thesis studied carbon and water fluxes from paired sub-tropical grazing grasslands with differing management history during a drought recovery phase with record precipitation. A strong capability for these grazing ecosystems to recover was demonstrated and carbon balance estimates using micrometeorological techniques compared well to inventory techniques considering uncertainties in both. As the frequency and duration of drought is projected to increase in response to radiative forcing of the atmosphere, this study highlights the need for further work on grazing grassland C cycling during drought and recovery phases and the role improved management practices may contribute to maintaining ecosystem C.
Using Integrated Pre-Trained Learning Methods to Address Data Scarcity Problem for Medical Imaging Diagnostics
Authors:   , Zhao Zehui (Wyatt)
Published: November 2024

During the past few years, deep learning has revolutionised AI, integrating it into daily life and automating various tasks. However, training effective models demands vast data and computational power, limiting its widespread adoption. To tackle this issue, this study addresses data scarcity by developing advanced pre-training methods to enhance model efficiency and reduce computational costs. Pre-training methods leverage knowledge transfer, allowing models to build on existing pre-trained knowledge base instead of starting from scratch. We propose a hybrid framework that combines two leading pre-training techniques, streamlining model deployment and improving data efficiency, making deep learning more accessible and cost-effective.
Intentions of Cultural Dynamics: Collect and Disperse
Authors: SUVOROV Nikolay N.
Published: November 2024

The paper aims to identify the main intentions of the formation and dynamics of cultural space, its connection with cultural time, the participation of presence. The study of architectonics and dynamics involves attention to terminology, its refinement and the application of updated concepts taken from cultural experience. The main intentions of dynamic changes, such as gathering and scattering, are investigated. These concepts are considered in the cultural genesis, taking into account their application to the characteristics of cultural dynamics. Concepts have a wide range of effects, both in subjective experience and in application to corporate and social processes. In addition, these concepts have a wide train of cultural traditions associated with agricultural practices, which allows their use in a historical and cultural context. The dynamic processes of culture require attention to the peculiarities of subjective development, which makes it possible to include the operational concepts of folds and outline. The dynamics of culture is refracted in the cultural space of the subjective. The process of subjectivation, the translation of cultural space into subjective mentality occurs as a process of folding – an increase in folding, squeezing complex meanings into subjective space, bending and inverting the content by the standards of the subject. These processes create turbulence, which acts as a manifestation of resentment and subjective dynamics. Revaluation of values and reinterpretation of meanings change the direction of the folds of cultural space, their dynamics. New semantic values become centers of gathering and scattering.
Outsider Аrt in Art Museum: from “Comparative Material” to Art History (Case of the Museum of Modern Art)
Authors: SUVOROVA Anna A.
Published: November 2024

The article investigates transformations of the discourse of Outsider Art in the culture of the 20th – early 21st centuries through the perspective of its institutionalization and museumification. The article provides a critical analysis of the curatorial strategies of the Museum of Modern Art (New York, NY), as well as other American art institutions (National Art Gallery (Washington, DC), Brookline Museum (New York, NY), etc.), the structure of exhibitions and permanent expositions, curatorial texts of projects dedicated to outsider art. The study of the curatorial strategies of MoMA in the Outsider Art’s cases allows us to investigate how the Outsider Art's discourse was developing in the USA, and likewise, conceptual approaches of formation of its description and representation. An important aspect of this study is the examination of paradigmatic links between contemporary art and the work of outsider and self-thought artists in the curatorial, expositional practice of museums of modern art. In the MoMA’s history, legitimation and museumification of Outsider Art and close phenomena had been begun in the 1930s – early 1940s when Alfred Barr interpreted the “marginals” of art as the foundations of Modernism and Avant-garde and included its exhibitions in the strategic courses of the museum’s action. Further, after a long break, the return to work with an art of outsiders and naives had occurred in the second half of the 1980s. In the last twenty years, Outsider Art has begun to be regarded as an equal part of Art History of the 20th century (personal exhibitions, the inclusion of outsider art in the permanent exposition of MoMA, etc.).
«Flame Furnaces»: three Pages of Introduction into Problems of Science
Authors: MIKESHIN Mikhail I.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with representatives of engineering culture in Russia – professionals who existed, as it were, in two worlds at the same time – academic (university) and practical (factory). Their writings often demonstrate a desire to evaluate the role of their science and practice in a broad economic and political context, to understand the history and trends in the scientific and industrial development of their field. As an example, a three-page introduction by the famous Russian metallur-gist V. E. Grum-Grzhimailo to his fundamental book “Flame Furnaces” is analyzed. In this short text, the author touches on scientific issues that are essentially epistemological. In describing his concept, he talks about the five effects of a good theory: confirmation by practice; drawing conclu-sions; change in "scientific common sense"; the need to convince specialists that the theory works in practice; increasing the speed and quality of training in the field of this theory. What was previ-ously intuition and experience of practitioners, thanks to a working theory has turned into science. The famous metallurgist sets an example of strict adherence to scientific ethics, naming all those who helped him in practical and theoretical work over a quarter of a century. He criticizes the shortcomings of the existing engineering education system for the fact that both teachers and stu-dents tend to memorize ready-made formulas without fully understanding them. He pays tribute to his great predecessor M. V. Lomonosov, on whose explanation he relies, and demonstrates how the development and widespread application of the theory is hampered by familiar but inappropriate terminology. As a result, we have a description by the famous scientist of the formation, development and application of his successful theory, presented in literate and at the same time simple lan-guage. Grum-Grzhimailo emphasizes the importance for the work of professionals of the atmosphere in which it takes place. An unfavorable atmosphere of ridicule and mistrust greatly hinders his work, but no less obstacles are created by the absence of teachers in the provinces, while professors are forced to hide from their work in small positions in big cities.
Academic Culture of the University in the Context of Digital Transformation of Education
Authors: PISKUNOVA Elena V. , ZAIR-BEK Elena S.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of digital academic culture, those phenomena in the field of education that result from computerisation and the use of digital methods in the educational pro-cess, as well as the system of values, motives, forms and modes of communication that are associated with these processes. The article examines the perceptions of university teachers about the peculiarities of students' behaviour in the spaces of virtual culture, primarily in the field of netiquette, – digital ethics of students. The empirical materials were obtained using the method of in-depth interviews of teachers. As a result of the study, the dominants of teachers' understanding of students' digital ethics were identified: problems of borrowing (direct borrowing of significant text fragments, failure to comply with the ethics of citation, attempts to bypass the systems of text originality checking, submission of the same work by two or more students); superficial work with educational information (poor or superficial knowledge of the subject, revealed in the process of control measures in the framework of current certification and practical assignments); problems of communication in the image of students' digital ethics; and problems of communication in the virtual culture. The article analyses the main problems that appear in the process of network interaction of teachers and students with each other and with the virtual environment of the university, and suggests ways to overcome them.
Immersion in Contemporary Rituals of Grieving
Authors: CHISTOVA Anastasia D.
Published: November 2024

The article is a continuation of the work "Emotional modes and practices of immersion in grieving rituals from antiquity to the present." In this article, the phenomenon of grieving is considered in the context of modern rituals, funeral practices and emotional regimes. Ritual and ceremonial practices of grieving are presented as immersive, being deeply emotional and physical actions, since they are vivid in their manifestation. Modern grieving practices are considered in connection with the period of digitalization of funeral culture. All this makes it possible to establish a relationship between the phenomenon of death as a category of the immersive, and the emotional modes inherent in the human psyche. Research shows that with the development of technology and the expansion of the digital space, people face new challenges in understanding and expressing their emotions during the grieving process. Sending condolences and expressing emotional support through digital platforms is becoming an increasingly common practice. This affects traditional grieving rituals, presenting new opportunities and raising questions about preserving and changing the values associated with saying goodbye to the departed.
Implementation and Modernization of Automated Workplaces of Employees of the Karaganda Railway Department
Authors:   NCJSC «Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev», BEKZHANOVA Saule , ISSINA Botakoz ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», KOSBARMAKOV Samat ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», MAKSUTOVA Zhupar ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University»
Published: November 2024

The article discusses automated workplaces for railway transport specialists. Considers the technology of operation of the transportation process of railway transport. Provides for the development of international corridors in a single transport information space. Helps reduce the turnover of cars during loading and unloading, and idle time of cars on the access roads of large enterprises. The volume of cargo transportation using logistics schemes increases annually. This scheme allows shippers to avoid paying a transit tariff, since the level of transit tariffs is higher than the level of export-import tariffs.
بائبل سے گریز کرنے کا نبوی حکم (اسنادی حیثیت، حکمت ومفہوم اور متعلقہ مباحث)
Authors: Abdullah Shariq Muhammad
Published: November 2024

According to some hadiths, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade one of his companions, Hazrat Umar bin Khattab, from studying the Bible. These hadiths are the field of scholarly discourse among the scholars of Islam۔ Some modern scholars have rejected these hadiths saying that they are not proven by reliable sources, but authentic Islamic researchers of the past and present accepted these hadiths and did not consider the attitude of authenticating them to be correct. If viewed objectively, it is the second attitude that is correct. However, what was the reason for this prohibition of Prophet Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), is another dilemma that occurred to Islamic scholars in this chapter, from the great commentator of hadith, Hafiz Ibn Hajar Asqalani, to the famous historian of the recent past, Shibli Nomani, they seem confused in this debate and they could not give any proper justification for this prohibition. In this paper, the author has clarified the authentic position of the relevant hadiths and also discussed their correct justification. And it has been stated that the reason for this prohibition is very clear and unambiguous, which is clearly indicated by the words of the relevant hadiths themselves. Also, what should be the right attitude in terms of rejecting or accepting the Bible quotes, in some of the Prophetic hadiths, there are some manners and points mentioned in this regard, which, unfortunately, are badly neglected by some modern Muslim writers. Thus, they reflect an unmoderate attitude of denial or acception when speaking from the Bible. The author also mentions his correspondence with the editors of some religious magazines in which some of his irresponsible comments regarding the Bible were criticized.
Emotional dissonance and mental health among home-care workers: A nationwide prospective study of the moderating role of leadership behaviors
Authors: Johannessen Håkon A , Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Knutsen Rigmor Harang , Skare Øivind , Christensen Jan Olav
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that emotional dissonance, the imbalance between true feelings and those displayed to meet work standards, heightens the risk of mental distress. In nursing occupations, exerting such emotional effort is a part of the job role. Drawing from the job demands–resources model, high-quality leadership is a resource that may assist employees in coping with stressors. We examined whether quality of leadership mitigated the potential adverse impact of emotional dissonance on mental health.

METHODS: In 2019, 1426 home-care workers from 130 organizational units were surveyed, with follow-ups after 8 and 14 months. Prospective associations between emotional dissonance (the Frankfurt Emotion Work Scales) and mental distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist, HSCL-5), including interactions between emotional dissonance and leadership behaviors (Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work), were determined using lagged linear mixed models.

RESULTS: Emotional dissonance was positively associated with mental distress (adjusted P<0.05), whereas supportive, empowering, and fair leadership were negatively associated with mental distress (adjusted P<0.05). All three investigated sources of leadership behaviors moderated the direct association between emotional dissonance and mental distress (adjusted P<0.05). Emotional dissonance and mental distress were reciprocally related; an increase in either will heighten the level of the other. Leadership behaviors did not moderate the reversed association between emotional dissonance and mental distress (adjusted P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Supportive, empowering, and fair leadership buffers the association of emotional dissonance on mental distress. Strategic interventions that enhance the quality of leadership may help prevent mental distress among employees in professions with emotionally demanding tasks.