bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalised optical printing of photocurable metal chalcogenides
Authors: Baek Seongheon , Ban Hyeong Woo , Jung Sanggyun , Heo Seung Hwae , Gu Da Hwi , Choi Wooyong , Choo Seungjun , Park Yae Eun , Lee Jiseok , Son Jae Sung
Published: April 2022

Optical three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have attracted tremendous attention owing to their applicability to mask-less additive manufacturing, which enables the cost-effective and straightforward creation of patterned architectures. However, despite their potential use as alternatives to traditional lithography, the printable materials obtained from these methods are strictly limited to photocurable resins, thereby restricting the functionality of the printed objects and their application areas. Herein, we report a generalised direct optical printing technique to obtain functional metal chalcogenides via digital light processing. We developed universally applicable photocurable chalcogenidometallate inks that could be directly used to create 2D patterns or 3D architectures of various sizes and shapes. Our process is applicable to a diverse range of functional metal chalcogenides for compound semiconductors and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. We then demonstrated the feasibility of our technique by fabricating and evaluating a micro-scale thermoelectric generator bearing tens of patterned semiconductors. Our approach shows potential for simple and cost-effective architecturing of functional inorganic materials.
Determinants of Effective Family Planning Communication Among Couples in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community Based Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Zelalem Desalew , Worku Alemayehu , Dessie Yadeta
Published: April 2022

IntroductionEffective spousal family planning communication is determined by various socio-economic, demographic, family planning knowledge and attitude, and exposure of couples to family planning message on media. Women' equality with men in terms of educational status, relative power of each spouse and women's social and economic vulnerability dictates couples' communication on family planning and other reproductive health issues. MethodsA community based matched case-control study was conducted in twelve kebeles of Harar Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System. A total of 1010 cases (married couples) and 1010 controls (married couples) of whose wives were in the reproductive age participated in the study. The selection of the study participants was made using simple random sampling.ResultsIn this study, husband's desire for more children (aOR=0.2; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.41), wives desire for more children (aOR=0.1; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.34) and fewer children (aOR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.84), couples' approval of family planning use (aOR=2.3; 95%CI: 0.65, 8.37) and women's family planning counseling by health workers (aOR=2.1; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.8) were significantly associated with effective spousal family planning communicationConclusionIn conclusion the results revealed that policies and programs aimed at promoting family planning should strengthen family planning information, education and communication activities to enable couples concord on their desired number of children and develop positive attitude towards family planning.
Method of Bidirectional Green Wave Coordinated Control for Arterials Under Asymmetric Release Mode
Authors: ji lina , cheng wei
Published: April 2022

The existing coordinated control methods of green wave are more complicated and less operable, which are mainly applicable to intersection groups with symmetrical entrance release mode. Based on engineering practice, a new method of bidirectional progression green wave coordination control is presented by designing particular overlapping phases on the basis of NEMA dual-ring phasing configuration. According to the characteristics of asymmetric release mode and the requirements of green wave coordinated control, the overall optimization designs of phase sequence combination and offset were carried out, and the influences of cruising speed and residual queues at red light on offset were considered, and then the classical bidirectional green wave graphic method was optimized. Based on the investigation data of the intersections group of Ziwu Road in Qujing city, bidirectional green wave designs were conducted under both symmetric and asymmetric release mode. The results show that the latter approach not only improves the bandwidth of bidirectional green wave band effectively, but also reduces the average delay and the average number of stops on the main road.
Downregulation of Linc00173 increases BCL2 mRNA stability via the miR-1275/PROCA1/ZFP36L2 axis and induces acquired cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tao Xingyu , Li Yang , Wu Liyang , Fan Songqing , Xin Jianyang , Su Yun , Xian Xiaoyang , Huang Yingying , Huang Rongquan , Fang Weiyi , Liu Zhen
Published: April 2022

Background
LINC00173 had been reported as a cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) chemotherapy-resistant inducer in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Here, reversed data was displayed for LINC00173 as a DDP chemosensitivity-inducing factor in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods
LINC00173 was screened from GEO databases (GSE43493), then In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression level of LINC00173 in tissue samples and LUAD cell lines. Moreover, colony formation assay, cell viability and IC50 assays, flow cytometry, nude mouse tumor xenograft model were individually performed to certificate the effect of LINC00173 on LUAD in vitro and in vivo. The relationships between miR-1275 and LINC00173 or PROCA1 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, as well as c-Myc binding with LINC00173 promoter. The direct binding of miR-1275 with LINC00173 was investigated c by RAP. ZFP36L2 protein bind to the 3’UTR of BCL2 was confirmed by RIP. The apoptosis related proteins (including c-CASP3, c-PARP and BCL2) and related signal proteins were analysed by Western blot.
Results
LINC00173 down-regulation in DDP-resistant LUAD patients was correlated with poor prognosis. Further, LINC00173 expression was significantly reduced in DDP-resistant LUAD cells and DDP-treated human LUAD tissues. Suppressed LINC00173 in LUAD cells enhanced DDP chemoresistance in vivo and in vitro, while restored LINC00173 in DDP-resistant LUAD cells markedly regained chemosensitivity to DDP. Mechanistically, DDP-resistant LUAD cells activated PI3K/AKT signal and further elevated c-Myc expression. C-Myc binds to the promoter of LINC00173 to suppress its expression. Reduced LINC00173 attenuated the adsorption of oncogenic miR-1275 and thus down-regulated the expression of miR-1275-target gene PROCA1. PROCA1 played a potential tumor-suppressive role inducing cell apoptosis and DDP chemosensitivity via recruiting ZFP36L2 to bind to the 3’UTR of BCL2, reducing the stability of BCL2 mRNA and thus activating apoptotic signal.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a novel and critical role of LINC00173 which was transcriptionally repressed by DDP activated PI3K/AKT/c-Myc signal in LUAD and thus promoted DDP-acquired chemotherapeutic resistance via regulating miR-1275 to suppress PROCA1/ZFP36L2-induced BCL2 degradation, leading to apoptotic signal reduction.
The investigation of mid-layer cracks effects on the performance of bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester with silicon substrate
Authors: Jamshiddoust Asghar , Farrokhabadi Amin
Published: April 2022

Cracks are common faults in micro-electromechanical structures that affect the performance and dynamic behavior of the structure. Cracks can change the stiffness of the structure and parameters like resonance frequency, voltage and output power and after a specific time could lead to failure of that structure. Thus, diagnosis and identification the cracks in the structure will be very important. In the present study, a semi-analytical approach for the analysis of through the thickness cracks in the bimorph piezoelectric energy harvesters is proposed and both the stiffness reduction and changes in the capacitance of the structure due to through the thickness cracks are considered. From micromechanical point of view, a crack density based stress transfer method is employed for calculation of stiffness reduction due to crack formation in the middle layer. Analytical results of crack effects in mid-layer of a bimorph are derived by employing the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory assumptions and are validated via FEM. The effects of these defects on the mechanical parameters like resonance frequency, as well as electrical parameters like the output electrical power are discussed. It is observed that the presence of cracks in the mid-layer of bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester causes the decrease in its resonance frequency and the increase in the voltage and output power which is a sign of device failure. This work will provide an easy way for MEMS users to know some kinds of defects just only by monitoring the performance of the harvester.
The prognostic value of admission blood urea nitrogen in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy: a cohort study
Authors: Liao Hanhui , Deng Tianhua , Yang Renqiang
Published: April 2022

Objective
In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with rotational atherectomy (RA), the relationship between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the post-discharge major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether there exists an association between admission BUN and prognosis in patients undergoing PCI with RA.
Methods
A total of 94 consecutive patients who underwent PCI with RA were included in this retrospective study. Based on admission BUN, the patients were divided into two categories: high (> 7.7 mmol/l) and low (≤ 7.7 mmol/l) BUN groups. The patients were followed-up for adverse clinical outcomes after discharge and the median follow-up time was 1.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.8–3.0).
Results
Patients in the high BUN group showed older age, worse NYHA classification, worse renal function (creatinine, eGFR, uric acid) and higher homocysteine levels than those in the low BUN group. During the period of follow-up, patients in the high BUN group had higher rates of MACE (71.43% vs. 37.88%; p = 0.003) and readmission for cardiovascular diseases (64.29% vs. 31.82%; p = 0.003) than patients in the low BUN group. This difference persisted after the Cox multivariate regression analysis.
Conclusion
Elevated BUN on admission is an independent marker of MACE among patients undergoing PCI with RA.
Exposome Approach for Identifying Modifiable Factors for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Nanqian , Liang Hailun , Huang Tao , Huang Ninghao
Published: April 2022

Previous studies have shown certain exposure factors (such as lifestyle and metabolism) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) events. However, the application of the exposome theoretical frame and the extent to which the exposome domain can modulate the risk of CRC remain unknown. Our study aimed to construct valid exposome measurements and examine the relationship between exposome counts and the risk of CRC. This study included 273,342 individuals in the UK Biobank. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify a valid construct of exposome factors. We then summed the exposome counts within each domain. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC risk related to the exposome factors and counts. During an 8.69 year median follow-up, 8642 CRC cases were identified. Seven domains were extracted from 18 variables, including air pollution, noise pollution, ecosystem, lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol use, social economics, and social support. The Cox model results showed that the ecosystem was positively related to the reduced CRC risk (HR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.949–0.991). Similar results were also found among the domains of healthy lifestyles (HR=0. 873; 95% CI: 0.854–0.893), and no tobacco and alcohol use (HR=0.880; 95% CI: 0.862–0.899). The disadvantageous social economic (HR=1.068; 95% CI: 1.046–1.090) and insufficient social support domains (HR=1.067; 95% CI: 1.042–1.094) were associated with an increased risk of CRC. Similar risk trends were also observed across the exposome count groups with CRC incidence. Our findings suggest that certain exposure domains are related to the incidence of CRC. Ecosystem, lifestyle, and social factors can be incorporated into prediction models to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.
A novel approach using incremental multi modal oversampling for data stream mining
Authors: Anupama N , Sankar V Ravi , Sudarson Jena
Published: April 2022

Knowledge discovery process is to provide effective rules from the existing data. The process of finding knowledge is a complex task when the data source is in the form of data streams and in fact the data source of class imbalance nature. To find the opt solutions for those problems research proposals are formulated by many researchers. The some of the unsolved problems in the literature for the above said problem is for very large data sources of data streams with class imbalance nature. In this paper, a novel proposal for class imbalance large data streams is presented with novel techniques of oversampling and a unique multi modal filtering technique and oversampling strategy as Multimodal Increment Over Sampling for Data Streams (MIOSDS) for efficient implementation of proposal for a better solution. The experimental simulations are conducted on three large datasets with different domains. The results generated are good compared with benchmark evaluation metrics.
Overexpression of tomato SlTpx improves salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants by scavenging H2O2
Authors: Qiao Shengtai , Feng Yang , Yan Jinping , Li Kunzhi , Xu Huini
Published: April 2022

H2O2 is an important signaling molecule that involved in multiple physiological metabolic activities in plants. Excess H2O2 can destroy biological macromolecules to poison the cell. Thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx) plays an important role in protecting plants from oxidative damage by clearing the H2O2. In this study, tomato Tpx (SlTpx) gene was cloned and bioinformatic analysis was done. The mRNA transcript level of SlTpx in tomato roots and leaves were increased significantly after NaCl stress treatment. SlTpx overexpression transgenic tobacco plants were obtained to study its function under NaCl stress. The seed germination rate of SlTpx overexpression plants was higher than that in wild plants (WT) under NaCl treatment. The ROS and NO accumulation in transgenic tobacco root tips were all less than in WT under NaCl stress. Meanwhile,compared with salt stress, transgenic plants had low ROS accumulation, high antioxidant enzyme activity and high proline and soluble sugar content. The Na+ metabolism genes expression was higher in transgenic plants than the WT. The SlTpx transgenic plants showed higher tolerance to H2O2 and MV treatment, compared with the WT. Besides, the growth of prokaryotic strain of SlTpx was better than the pET28a strain with H2O2 treatment. The above results indicate that the SlTpx gene improves the plant salt tolerance by scaveging H2O2.
Predicting maximum force in SPIF for different materials
Authors: Schreiber Rafael Gustavo , Mondo Lucas Santos Savi , Daleffe Anderson , Schaeffer Lirio
Published: April 2022

Knowing the importance of predicting acting forces during the formation process, our research has conducted 27 SPIF experiments in hyperboloid format, followed by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to validate the measurements found in order to determine regression equations to estimate maximum axial force in the SPIF process according to material type, sheet initial thickness and tool radius. With that data, we created a general multiple regression model and three other independent models (one for each material). After the experiments, we were able to identify that the maximum axial force increases according to increase in tool radius, plate initial thickness and yield constant values, as well as according to the decrease in strain-hardening exponent. The FEM simulations are in accordance with the experimental values found, and the general regression model has proven to be efficient to describe results, with a maximum percentage error of 11.5% in the regression equation. In the independent regression models, precision was increased and the maximum percentage error in the equations was of 10.9%.
Probing Notch1-Dll4 Signaling in Regulating Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells using Single Cell Nanobiosensor
Authors: Wang Shue , Zhao Yuwen , Yang Rui , Bousraou Zoe , Richardson Kiarra
Published: April 2022

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential in cell-based therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multipotent properties. Recent studies indicate that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is an important pathway in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation are poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to detect gene expression at single cell level. Here, we established a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (LNA) /DNA (LNA/DNA) nanobiosensor for gene expression analysis in single hMSC in both 2D and 3D microenvironments. We first characterized this LNA/DNA nanobiosensor and demonstrated the Dll4 mRNA expression dynamics in hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. By incorporating this nanobiosensor with live hMSCs imaging during osteogenic induction, we performed dynamic tracking of hMSCs differentiation and Dll4 mRNA gene expression profiles of individual hMSC during osteogenic induction. Our results showed the dynamic expression profile of Dll4 during osteogenesis, indicating the heterogeneity of hMSCs during this dynamic process. We further investigated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Pharmacological perturbation is applied to disrupt Notch1-Dll4 signaling to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the effects of Notch1-Dll4 signaling on hMSCs spheroids differentiation were also investigated. Our results provide convincing evidence supporting that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is involved in regulating hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, Notch1-Dll4 signaling is active during osteogenic differentiation. Our results also showed that Dll4 is a molecular signature of differentiated hMSCs during osteogenic induction. Notch inhibition mediated osteogenic differentiation with reduced Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. Lastly, we elucidated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling during osteogenic differentiation in a 3D spheroid model. Our results showed that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is required and activated during osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs spheroids. Inhibition of Notch1-Dll4 signaling mediated osteogenic differentiation and enhanced hMSCs proliferation, with increased spheroid sizes. Taken together, the capability of LNA/DNA nanobiosensor to probe gene expression dynamics during osteogenesis, combined with the engineered 2D/3D microenvironment, enables us to study in detail the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating osteogenesis in 2D and 3D microenvironment. These findings will provide new insights to improve cell-based therapies and organ repair techniques.
Transsphincteric rectal resection techniques should be considered as sphincter-sparing surgical procedures in lower rectal cancer cases with external sphincteric invasion because the invased proximal sphincteric segment can be resected
Authors: Yücesoy Ali Naki , Hamad Farid Mohamad , Polat Nedim
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Tumor invasion of the external anal sphincteric muscle in patients with lower rectal cancer is one of the most important contraindications for the intersphincteric resection technique, which is the most common sphincter-sparing method in lower rectal cancer surgery. The main purpose of this article is showed that in lower rectum patients with external anal sphincter invasion, the tumoral lower rectal segment can be excised together with the invaded proximal segment of the external anal sphincter muscle system using the transsphincteric rectal resection surgeries performed with combined abdominal and perineal access, and it is highlighted that they can be considered as sphincter-sparing surgical procedures in these cases.Methods: This study includes the retrospective evaluation of 4 male and 1 female patient with advanced lower rectal adenocarcinoma detected external anal sphincteric invasion on their preoperative MRI results who underwent proximal segmental sphincteric excision and sphincter-sparing rectal resection operations in transsphincteric plan after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Results: In the postoperative follow-up of patients; Perineal fistula developed in 3 patients. Anastomotic stenosis developed in 2 patients, one of whom developed a perineal fistula. No external sphincteric invasion was detected in the postoperative histopathological evaluation of 1 patient. In the anal sphincteric pressure measurements made in the postoperative period, partial decreases were observed in the resting and maximal squeezing anal pressures of the patients. In the clinical follow-up of the patients whose ileostomy was closed, it was determined that sufficient continence was achieved. One patient died at postoperative 8th month following systemic metastases occurring at postoperative 5th month.Conclusion: Invased proximal sphincteric segment can be resected by using transsphinteric rectal resection techniques in advanced lower rectal cancer cases.
Design, synthesis and characterization of a urea-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica supporting Cu nanoparticles (Cu@APS-TDU- PMO) as highly efficient and recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives
Authors: Valiey Ehsan , Dekamin Mohammad G.
Published: April 2022

In this work, a new mesoporous periodic organosilica is introduced with urea-bridges obtained by the reaction of amino group of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (APS-TDU-PMO). The obtained PMO-APS-TDU was found to be an appropriate support for loading of Cu(II) nanoparticles to afford Cu@APS-TDU-PMO. Uniformity and mesoporosity of both synthesized nanomaterials including PMO-APS-TDU and Cu@PMO-APS-TDU were characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, EDX, TGA, XRD, FESEM, BET, and TEM. Furthermore, the prepared Cu@APS-TDU-PMO was also used, as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst, for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives through cascade condensation, concerted cycloaddition and tautomerization reactions. Indeed, the main advantages of this Cu@APS-TDU-PMO is its simple preparation and high catalytic activity as well as proper surface area which enable it to work under solvent-free conditions. Also, the introduced Cu@APS-TDU-PMO heterogeneous catalyst showed good stability and reusability for five consecutive runs to address more green chemistry principles.
The emergence of lightning as a natural disaster in Bangladesh and its impact on household dynamics
Authors: Akther Sabrina , Rahman Md. Marufur , Rezwana Nahid
Published: April 2022

Lightning in recent years has become a disaster of great concern for Bangladesh due to increasing fatality, especially during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. This study addresses the socio-economic impact of lightning fatalities on the victims' households and delves into lightning myths, superstitions, and misconceptions. We interviewed (N=15) the households affected by lightning fatalities from 2015 to 2019 in Mymensingh, one of the worst lightning-affected districts of Bangladesh. Among the studied households (HHs), all except one were in rural areas, and almost all fatalities were male. Victims mainly were engaged in outdoor activities like farming and fishing during the lightning events. Due to the death of their primary wage earner, two-thirds of the HHs were in severe economic crisis. Children's drop out of school and early marriage of girl children were also observed due to the death of the breadwinner from lightning. We recommend a mass awareness program to change the indifferent attitude and misconceptions about lightning disasters along with introducing a suitable early warning and warning dissemination system to reduce future fatality. We also recommend increasing monetary and other support for the victim's family.
Network Pharmacology-based Analysis on Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy by Berberine
Authors: Wang Ting-Hua , Li Na , Fu Cong , Chen Jin-Lin , Guo Xiliang
Published: April 2022

The diabetic retinal injury model was established. After treatment with berberine, OCT and water maze were measured, and 10 genes were screened out by 4D-DIA quantitative proteomic analysis. Heat map difference analysis and molecular docking were performed. The key words "diabetic retinal injury" were input in PubMed, and the related genes queried were combined with the results of 10 screened proteome analysis to conduct PPI protein interaction. Then GO and KEGG analyses were performed with the interacting genes. Results :OCT results showed that the outer nucleus, inner layer and outer accessory layer of RPE were thickened after berberine treatment. The results of water maze experiment showed that after berberine treatment, the learning and cognitive function of BBR group rats was significantly higher than that of DM group on day 5. By screening proteome analysis data and making Venny cross map, 10 genes could be obtained and heat map could be made. Dennd1a and Utp6 were down-regulated in diabetes group. Atp7a, Ppl, Ogn, Nsmcel, Mme, Lmo4, Ca1 and Fn1 were upregulation, and the berberine treatment group was opposite to the diabetic group. Molecular docking results showed that berberine and berberine could form stable molecular binding patterns except Fnl, Ogn and Utp6 target proteins. 343 genes were searched through PubMed keywords, and 353 genes were combined for PPI protein interaction, and 331 genes were obtained for mutual relationship, which were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Conclusion: Berberine has protective effect on diabetic retina injury.
Challenges in introducing innovation. Barriers and enablers to the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia: a qualitative study
Authors: Munthali Judith , Pittalis Chiara , Bijlmakers Leon , Kachimba John , Cheelo Mweene , Brugha Ruairi , Gajewski Jakub
Published: April 2022

Background
Surgical perioperative deaths and major complications are important contributors to preventable morbidity, globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. The surgical safety checklist (SSC) was developed by WHO to reduce surgical deaths and complications, through utilizing a team approach and a series of steps to ensure the safe transit of a patient through the surgical operation. This study explored enablers and barriers to the utilization of the Checklist at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods
A qualitative case study was conducted involving members of surgical teams (doctors, anaesthesia providers, nurses and support staff) from the UTH surgical departments. Purposive sampling was used and 16 in-depth interviews were conducted between December 2018 and March 2019. Data were transcribed, organized and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Analysis revealed variability in implementation of the SSC by surgical teams, which stemmed from lack of senior surgeon ownership of the initiative, when the SSC was introduced at UTH five years earlier. Low utilization was also linked to factors such as: negative attitudes towards it, the hierarchical structure of surgical teams, lack of support for the SSC among senior surgeons and poor teamwork. Further determinants included: lack of training opportunities, lack of leadership and erratic availability of resources. Interviewees proposed the following strategies for improving SSC utilisation: periodic training, refresher courses, monitoring of use, local adaptation, mobilizing the support of senior surgeons and improvement in functionality of the surgical teams.
Conclusion
The SSC has the potential to benefit patients; however, its utilisation at the UTH has been patchy, at best. Its full benefits will only be achieved if senior surgeons are committed and managers allocate resources to its implementation. The study points more broadly to the factors that influence or obstruct the introduction and effective implementation of new quality of care initiatives.
All-optical efficient measurement of the Verdet Constant in achiral and chiral liquid solutions: towards all-optical Magnetic-Spectroscopies
Authors: Rodriguez Vincent , Verreault Dominique , Adamietz Frédéric , Kalafatis Apostolos
Published: April 2022

Magneto-optical properties are wide and span various applications such as magnetic field sensing, imaging technologies, security encoding... In this work, we have revisited the all-optical Inverse Faraday effect method to measure the Faraday rotation angle and determine the Verdet constant of diamagnetic/paramagnetic liquid solutions. We show that using a picosecond laser source the Inverse Faraday effect enables to reach magnetic flux densities in liquids in the range of 1-100 T with average power ranging below 10 mW, levels which are comparable or higher than those obtained using electromagnets to generate pulsed magnetic fields. This all-optical method with no pump-probe scheme has the advantage that it requires small volumes (<100 µl) and enables in situ fast and efficient static measurements. We further show it is possible to determine the Verdet constant of solutes in binary diluted solutions and we also emphasize that chiral molecules exhibit considerable enantiomeric difference .
Genome-wide SNP discovery, identification of QTLs and candidate genes associated with morpho-physiological and yield related traits for drought tolerance in maize
Authors: Sarkar B. , Varalaxmi Y. , Vanaja M. , Kumar N. Ravi , Prabhakar M. , Jyothilakshmi N. , Yadav S. K. , Maheswari M. , Singh V. K.
Published: April 2022

Drought is one of most important abiotic stresses affecting maize yield. The present study was aimed to map genomic regions associated with the morpho-physiological and yield related traits in maize under well-watered and water-deficit stress conditions using recombinant inbred population (RILs) derived from the cross HKI161 × SNJ201126 by genome-wide SNP discovery using genotyping-by-sequencing approach. Phenotyping of RILs showed normal frequency distribution for most of the traits indicating their polygenic nature. The SNP linkage map was generated using 1241 SNP markers which were distributed over 10 linkage groups and covered a total genetic distance of 5471.55cM. A total of 40 QTLs were identified for the various morpho-physiological and yield related traits under well-watered (26) and water-deficit stress conditions (14). Of these 14 were major QTLs, 26 were minor QTLs and two QTLs (qCW2-1, qCH1-1) were detected under both conditions. Three QTL hotspots regions were identified, one for net CO2 assimilation rate (AN) and transpiration rate (TR) (qAN3-1, qTR3-1 and qAN3-2) on chromosome (chr) 3, cob height (CH) and plant height (PH) (qCH8-1 and qPH8-1) on chr 8 and cob weight (CW), total biomass (TB) and grain yield (GY) (qCW2-1, qTB2-1, qTB2-2 and qGY2-1) on chr 2 capturing phenotypic variability ranging between 10.10–22.33%. The QTL hotspot region for AN & TR encoded for genes involved in signal transduction pathway under water-deficit stress tolerance, maintenance of plant membrane and cell wall integrity and cross membrane transport. While QTL hotspot for PH and CH encoded genes involved in carbon utilization in plant growth and development, directed movement of proteins in the cell and transmembrane transporter activity. The QTL hotspot for yield encoded genes involved in signal transduction and plant development. These regions can be further fine mapped and used for marker assisted breeding in maize.
Single Coronary Ostium with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Case Report
Authors: Lv Xin , Li Jianhua , Liu Chuanzhen , Wei Ruyuan , Meng Lingwei , Kong Xiangjin , Wei Kaiming , Cao Guangqing , Liu Kai
Published: April 2022

BackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the monogenic inherited cardiovascular disorder. In addition, single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries. However, single coronary artery concomitant with severe obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has never been reported in the literature.Case presentationHerein, we present a 64-year-old female diagnosed as a single left coronary artery with severe obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was treated with "MORROW procedure". The patient was discharged on the seventh postoperative day and has been asymptomatic during the follow-up. ConclusionTo our knowledge, single left coronary artery with severe obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the first to be reported in the literature. In addition, myocarial pretection by cardioplegia antegrade perfusion in the single coronary artery was safe in the patient with single coronary artery and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Does adding the drug-drug similarity to drug-target interaction prediction methods make a noticeable improvement in their efficiency?
Authors: Hassanzadeh Reza , Shabani-Mashcool Soheila
Published: April 2022

Predicting drug-target interactions has become an important bioinformatics issue because it is one of the critical and preliminary stages of drug repositioning. Therefore, scientists are trying to develop more accurate computational methods for predicting drug-target interactions. These methods are usually based on machine learning or recommender systems and use biological and chemical information to improve the accuracy of predictions. In the background of these methods, there is a hypothesis that similar drugs have similar targets. So, the similarity between drugs as chemical information is added to the computational methods to improve the prediction results. The question that arises here is whether this claim is actually true? If so, what method should we use to calculate drug-drug similarities? Will we obtain the same improvement from any method we use?Here, we want to investigate this claimed positive effect. For this purpose, we consider different types of real similarities, random similarities, four important datasets and four state-of-the-art methods. Our results show that the type of data, the method which is used to predict the interactions, and the algorithm used to calculate the similarities are all important, and it cannot be easily stated that adding drug-drug similarities can significantly improve the results. Therefore, our results could suggest a checklist for scientists who want to improve their machine learning methods.
GSK-3β inhibitors can rescue neurons through the prosurvival(autophagy) mechanism in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Gupta Garima , Narayan Gopeshwar , Mishra Vijaya Nath , Chaurasia RameshwarNath , Pathak Abhishek , Singh Varun Kumar , Kumar Anand
Published: April 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The underlying molecular mechanism lead to α-synuclein aggregation, progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, and intracellular inclusions (known as Lewy bodies (LBs)). Several genetic and environmental factors may lead to PD. Ecological factors can influence the onset of most sporadic PD cases via genetically mediated pathways. Rotenone (a mitochondrial complex one inhibitor, a naturally occurring toxin, a pesticide) reproduces PD’s neurochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral features. Rotenone increased aggregation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein and attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3beta. GSK-3β /AKT is involved in multiple signaling pathways. The results suggest that the AKT /GSK3beta signaling pathway mediated the rotenone-induced a-synuclein accumulation. The inhibition of GSK-3β by lithium results in the increase of β-catenin levels to enhance dopaminergic cell viability and then the reduction of accumulation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein by promoting autophagy Lithium inhibit neuronal apoptosis via increasing the BCl2 protein level, Preservation of mitochondrial function with LiCl treatment confirmed that the damaged mitochondria were cleared through autophagy (mitophagy). Via increased level of LC3. Finally, we can conclude that GSK-3beta inhibitors can provide new insights into biology and a possible therapeutic avenue for further investigating Parkinson’s disease.
The role of references and the elusive nature of the chemical bond
Authors: Martín Ángel , Francisco Evelio
Published: April 2022

Chemical bonding theory is of utmost importance to chemistry. We argue that there is still plenty of unexplored territory, and that both internal and external reference biases remain in the standard model of the chemical bond. The former affect the basic notion of wavefunction interference, which is purportedly recognized as the most basic bonding mechanism. The latter influence how bonding models are chosen. After unveiling these different biases, we advocate for the use of real space analyses, which are as reference-less as possible. Delocalisation emerges as the reference-less equivalent to interference and the ultimate root of bonding. Atoms (or fragments) in molecules should be understood as a statistical mixture of components differing in electron number, spin, etc.
Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) decreases the motility and length of Axonal Mitochondria in Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells of Rat
Authors: Kikuchi Shin , Kohno Takayuki , Kojima Takashi , Tatsumi Haruyuki , Ohasaki Yuki , Ninomiya Takafumi
Published: April 2022

Controlling axonal mitochondria is important for their neural network to keep normal functions. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), mimicking ischemia model, finally induces neuronal cell death as same as axonal degeneration. Axonal mitochondria are disrupted in process in neural degeneration induced by OGD, but the mechanism of mitochondria dysfunctions has not been fully understood. We focused on dynamics of mitochondria in axons exposed to OGD and the number of motile mitochondria significantly reduced in 1 hour after OGD exposure. Further, we found the length of stationary mitochondria decreases which was reasoned by three patterns how stationary mitochondria size decrease; first, stop of motile mitochondria: second, fission of longer stationary mitochondria: third, changing from tubular to sphere mitochondria in axons exposed to OGD. Our study shows that OGD exposure reduces the number of motile mitochondria earlier than stationary mitochondria fragmentation and provides three reasons why stationary mitochondria decrease. Our result suggests that mitochondria are new target for neuroprotective strategy to prevent neuro degeneration induced by ischemia.
Chitosan-coated selenium nanoparticles inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication by attenuating PRRSV-induced apoptosis via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in Marc-145 cells
Authors: Shao Chunyan , Yu Ziwei , Luo Tongwang , Zhou Bin , Song Quanjiang , Li Zhuoyue , Yu Xiaoqiang , Jiang Sheng , Zhou Yingshan , Dong Wanyu , Zhou Xingdong , Wang Xiaodu , Song Houhui
Published: April 2022

Background
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that can cause significant economic losses to the global swine industry. Host-targeted antiviral drugs have been developed as a new strategy for antiviral therapy. In this regard, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field, given their antiviral effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chitosan-coated SeNPs (CS-SeNPs) could affect PRRSV replication in vitro.
Methods
In this study, CS-SeNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction and characterized by assessing the morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and element composition. Marc-145 cells were infected with r-PRRSV-EGFP (0.1 MOI) and inoculated with CS-SeNPs (10 µM). Subsequently, the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured using specific commercial assay kits. ORF5 RNA expression, viral titer, nucleocapsid (N) protein expression were assessed using qRT-PCR, TCID50, and Western blot. ROS generation, apoptosis rates, and JNK /caspase-3/PARP protein expression were evaluated using dihydroethidium staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot.
Results
The results showed that CS-SeNPs treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress induced by r-PRRSV-EGFP infection by increasing GSH-Px activity, promoting GSH production, and inhibiting H2O2 synthesis. CS-SeNPs treatment significantly inhibited ORF5 gene expression, viral titers, and N protein of r-PRRSV-EGFP at 24 and 48 hours post-infection (hpi) in Marc-145 cells. The apoptosis rates initially increased by r-PRRSV-EGFP infection were significantly decreased by CS-SeNPs inoculation by inhibiting ROS generation, JNK phosphorylation levels, cleavage of caspase-3, and PARP mainly at 48 hpi.
Conclusions
Taken together, the present data demonstrated that CS-SeNPs synthesized by chemical reduction could enhance antioxidant capacity and effectively suppress PRRSV-induced apoptosis in Marc-145 cells via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting PRRSV replication. This finding expands the treatment landscape for combating infections caused by PRRSV.
Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Cancer patients with Autoimmune Disease: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Qi , Huo Gengwei , Zhu Fuyi , Yue Ping , Yuan Dongqi , Chen Peng
Published: April 2022

Background
Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) usually have been excluded from the clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The safety and effectiveness of ICIs for these patients remain uncertainty.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted in available electronic database. We collected the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from included studies.
Results
11 studies including 5489 participants were incorporated in our meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥ 3 irAEs were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.31–2.45) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06–2.36), respectively. When irAEs were from the same system as AID, we called the irAEs as AID-homogeneous irAEs, otherwise as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs of AID patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96–1.25) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68–1.77), respectively. The results of subgroup analyses for PFS and OS matched the overall results well.
Conclusion
AID patients were significantly associated with a higher risk of irAEs in any grade and ≥ 3 grade under ICIs therapy. Specifically, AID-homogeneous irAEs but AID-heterogeneous irAEs were higher in AID patients than without AID patients. No statistically significant difference in PFS and OS were observed in patients with and without AID.
Dual-phase-lag theory on reflection thermoelastic waves from a rotating gravitation elastic half-space
Authors: Abo-Dahab S. M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. , Abd-Alla A. M. , Kilany A. A.
Published: April 2022

In this research, the theory of generalized thermoelasticity is used to investigate the plane harmonic waves reflection from a rotating semi-infinite elastic solid with a gravity field. The coefficients of reflection, which are the reflected wave amplitudes ratios to incident wave amplitudes, are calculated. The numerical solution is obtained and the graphic representation of the rotation and gravity fields of the on the coefficient of reflection is shown. In the presence and absence of rotation and gravity, comparisons are conducted with the predictions of the Lord-Shulman and dual-phase-lag models. The gravitational and rotational effects explain the reflection coefficient of waves on the free half-space surface.
Investigation of the relationship between a healthy lifestyle, self-esteem and subjective vitality of the elderly in Sirjan in 2020
Authors: Abolghaseminejad Parniya , Borhaninejad vahidreza , Khanjani Narges , Saber Maryam , Alizadeh Somayeh
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study was conducted aimed to determine the relationship between a healthy lifestyle, self-esteem and subjective vitality of the elderly in Sirjan in 2020.Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 200 elderly people aged 60 years and older were selected from comprehensive health centers in Sirjan by two-stage random sampling method. The data were collected using validated Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire among Iranian Elderly, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and validated Subjective Vitality Scale.Results: The mean and standard deviation of healthy lifestyle score was 134.42±13.78, 36.34±4.62 for self-esteem and 21.80±2.85 for subjective vitality. A direct and significant relationship was between healthy lifestyle and self-esteem (p <0.001) and between healthy lifestyle and subjective vitality (p <0.001).Conclusion: A direct and significant relationship was between healthy lifestyle, self-esteem and subjective vitality of the elderly. Therefore, the elderly should take care of their health and benefit from self-esteem and vitality by selecting a healthy lifestyle.
Real-Time Ultrasound Elastographic Features and Color Doppler imaging of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Topal Dursun , Can Mehmet Erol , Tekin Evrim Karadağ , Uğuz Berat , Kocamaz Mehmet Fatih , Aslanci Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To investigate the elasticity of ocular structures in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) Methods: This prospective study included a total of 35 patients with MVP (study group) and 35 healthy volunteers (control group). The elastography value of the ratio of orbital fat- sclera (ROF/S) was measured with real-time US elastography. For each eye, central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA), and ophthalmic artery (OA) were evaluated, respectively. All examinations were performed by the same physician. Results: The mean ages of the patients in the study and the control groups were 31.77 ± 11.40 years, and 30.65 ± 7.45 years, respectively (P =0.511). Mean ROF/S were 1.95 ± 0.81 and 1.37 ± 1.06 (P=0.001) in the study groups and control, respectively. The mean RI of the OA was 0.67 ± 0.05 in the control group, 0.67 ±0.05 (0.55; 0.87) in study group. The mean RI of the PCA was 0.66 ± 0.05 in the control group, 0.68 ±0.06 in study group. . The mean RI of the CRA was 0.66 ± 0.05 in the control group, 0.66 ±0.06 in study group. The RI value was not a significant difference between control and study group (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Scleral elasticity was significantly increased in MVP patients. These could be related to ocular pathologies such as glacouma, kerataconus in MVP.