bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratificação do risco cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos de um município do interior de Minas Gerais
Authors: Deus Frances Débora Ferreira de , Dorneles Amanda Rocha , Amâncio Natália de Fátima Gonçalves
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular y sus lesiones en pacientes hipertensos en el municipio de Patos de Minas- MG. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, de carácter documental y abordaje cuantitativo, que contó con el análisis, previa autorización del comité de ética de la investigación, de 46 historias clínicas, 23 hombres y 23 mujeres, de 35 equipos de salud familiar, totalizando 1610 pacientes. Resultados: Después de la recopilación de datos, cada persona fue estratificada de acuerdo con el riesgo cardiovascular en cuatro fases. El primero clasificó a 629 pacientes como de alto riesgo. El segundo, utilizando la Puntuación Global de Riesgo, calculó 146 pacientes por debajo, 390 en intermedio y 273 en alto riesgo. La tercera etapa incluyó a 157 pacientes previamente identificados como de riesgo intermedio como de alto riesgo. La cuarta fase se basa en la estratificación del riesgo en tiempo de vida e identificó a 379 pacientes. De ellos, 317 con un factor de riesgo importante y 62 con dos para presentar eventos cardiovasculares según la exposición de por vida. Conclusión: Había un número importante de personas con alto riesgo cardiovascular y con factores agravantes que podrían transformarse, lo que sugiere una oportunidad sin precedentes para cambiar el curso de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
Análise da efetividade de dois métodos de ensino em ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória: um estudo de coorte
Authors: Lima Rodrigo Andrade de , Vital Sol Yasmin do Amaral , Baraúna Karolliny Correa , Oliveira Cinthya Iamile Frithz Brandão de , Miralha Alexandre Lopes
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia de dois métodos de ensino de SBV, para leigos, observando a diferença na taxa retenção de informações a curto e médio prazos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte com 28 alunos do ensino médio de escola pública na cidade de Manaus, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A (treinamento teórico) e Grupo B (treinamento teórico-prático). A amostragem foi não probabilística e os treinamentos realizados com auxílio de materiais didáticos específicos e aplicação de pré-teste, pós-teste imediatamente após o treinamento e pós-teste após três meses. Na análise estatística os dados foram distribuídos através de médias, desvio–padrão e valores relativos. Para a comparação das médias de desempenho de ambos os grupos foi utilizado o teste t-Student, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no desempenho dos dois grupos nos três momentos de avaliação. A taxa de retenção em curto prazo foi considerada excelente para os dois grupos. Em médio prazo (três meses) ficou evidente o declínio da retenção dos conteúdos teóricos, mesmo o desempenho ter sido considerado razoável. Conclusão: Concluímos ser necessário treinamentos a intervalos regulares para população leiga e que esses treinamentos sejam iniciados ainda no ensino médio.
COVID-19 e suas manifestações no sistema nervoso
Authors: Silva Guilherme Ferreira Santos , Rabelo Samuel Ramos , Cardoso Taline Cristine de Sena , Alkimim Esley Ruas , Arruda Claudiney Cordeiro , Fleming Rafael Bessa , Figueiredo Maria Tereza Castro de , Faria Lucia Dannielly Antunes , Neto Odilon José Monteiro , Magalhães Marcelo José da Silva de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Delimitar as manifestações de aspecto neurológicos provocadas pela infecção pelo Sars-Cov-,2 vírus causador da COVID-19. Revisão Bibliográfica: O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus predominantemente relacionado a manifestações clínicas no sistema respiratório, mas atualmente exibe evidências consistentes que apontam para o acometimento do sistema nervoso, evidenciando um neurotropismo. Os sintomas neurológicos mais frequentemente relatados são: cefaleia, anosmia, ageusia e ocorrência de eventos cerebrovasculares (AVE). Ademais, a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 também tem sido relacionada como fator de risco para a ocorrência da doença de Alzheimer, Síndrome de Guillain Barré, cefaleias, encefalites, alterações nos níveis de consciência e também à presença de paralisia facial periférica. Acredita-se que pacientes com acometimento neurológico pré-existentes sejam mais propensos a desenvolver complicações nervosas como consequência da infecção por SARS-Cov-2. Considerações finais: O COVID-19 pode causar uma gama de doenças neurológicas. Faz-se necessário a realização de estudos acerca do tema a fim de esclarecer melhor os achados e conduta clínica a ser adotada.
Leucorredução como prevenção de reações transfusionais: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Ana Caroline Cardoso da , Trovão Ana Carolina Garcia Braz
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre a leucorredução como prática de prevenção de reações transfusionais (RT). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática dos estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados, utilizando-se descritores adequados. Foram excluídos aqueles que não relacionaram o objetivo do estudo ou se publicados anterior a 2009. Resultados: Dos 76 artigos selecionados, cinco foram validados. Houve uma prevalência da produção científica pelos Estados Unidos. Todos os artigos concordaram com a eficácia da leucorredução sobre as RT, defendendo seu uso universal pré-armazenamento, porém, dois pontuaram dúvida sobre o uso da leucorredução em cirurgias cardíacas e sobre a efetiva redução da transmissão de citomegalovírus, necessitando de mais estudos. Uma limitação encontrada foi a falta de continuidade das pesquisas pelo alto custo da leucorredução universal. Considerações finais: A leucorredução é um método eficaz para prevenção de RT, além de diminuir a ocorrência de aloimunizações por antígeno de histocompatibilidade (HLA), exposição ao citomegalovírus e outras doenças transmissíveis via parenteral. Um fator limitante foi o alto custo do procedimento, resultando no uso desigual entre os países.
Olanzapine versus aprepitant for the prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving Taxane/ Adriamycin/ Cyclophosphamide (TAC) regimen for post-mastectomy breast cancer
Authors: Joyita Krishnamurthi  , Lakshmi Kanthamma S  , Jayalakshmi N  , Praveen D  , Ranadheer Chowdary P  , Vijey Aanandhi M
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer is mainly formed in the tissues of the breast, and it spreads through the lymphatic system. They are mostly found in women rather than men. The breast cancer incidence has been increasing globally, with 1 in 8 women developing cancer in their lifetime. This prospective observational study was conducted to determine the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in post-mastectomy breast cancer patients for nine months in a tertiary care hospital. Sixty patients were divided into two groups where one arm received Olanzapine, and the other received aprepitant. Both the arms were analysed for the severity of nausea and vomiting. Aprepitant (APT) is a neurokinin one receptor antagonist (NK1RA) which is used as antiemetic in the prophylaxis of CINV. Olanzapine (OLP) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent, which works by blocking the serotonin receptor. The objective of the study is to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of APT versus OLP in preventing CINV in breast cancer patients on Docetaxel-Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide regimen. The OLP is more effective than APT in antiemetic therapy.
Evaluation of Risk Factors in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its Management in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anusha K  , Manisha B  , Cherukuri Anusha  , Hina Sultana  , Neelam Injeti
Published: May 2021

To evaluate risk factors in abnormal uterine bleeding and its management in tertiary care hospital. It is a prospective observational study carried out for a period of 6 months in the in-patient and out-patients department of Gynaecology. A total of 306 cases were analyzed out of that 88 cases had meaningful data for analysis. Most common risk factor observed in our study was Leiomyoma(29%). Major percentage of risk was observed in the age group 31-45years (64%). The diagnostic method used for screening and confirmation of AUB was USG Abdomen in 63 patients (58%). Most of the Out-patients and few in-patients were administered with anti-fibrinolytics to control heavy bleeding and along with combinational hormonal therapy for hormonal imbalance patients. The surgical procedure carried out was hysterectomy (53%).In the present study, drug induced uterine bleeding were not observed. In our study, abnormal uterine bleeding occurring without any known risk factors that can be included into the category of NOT YET CLASSIFIED according to PALM-COEIN classification, as to which physicians must be more cautious towards the patients visiting at Out- patient departments as it may lead to serious complications.
TEOLOGIA ȘI ȘTIINȚA ÎN DIALOG. REPERE ȘI PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CROITORU Ion Marian
Published: May 2021

One can note that science tends to turn man into a master of the external and material, yet at the cost of turning him, on the level of his inner and spiritual life, into a slave of instincts altered by sin. All these, without a moral norm, become a power of destruction for man and represent issues addressed not just by bioethics, where the opinion of ‘theologians’ is consulted as well, but especially by the Church and by the Orthodoxy. The pressure of events imposes the issue of the recognition or, according to some, reformulation of the bases of ethics. Yet, this ethics ought to be constrained to a revision founded neither just on the progress of science, whose truths are partial, nor on the principles of rationalist or positivist philosophy, which try to convince man that he is no different from all the other living beings and needs to be treated in the same way as them, but on the reality of the religious fact, and, moreover, on the evidence of God’s Revelation and, implicitly, of Christian anthropology, based on the fact that man bears God’s image, not the image of man himself, as a society attempting to exclude God in an absolute manner wills to herald. According to the Holy Church Fathers, one must pursue not a concordism or discordism of theology and science but their dialogue from a theological and, implicitly, eschatological perspective
Nasal Adhesions – A New Perspective
Authors: Khan Babar Rafiq
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore various causes of adhesions or faults what different surgeons commonly do and how to combat this problem. Study design: Randomized Control Trial. Settings: ENT Unit-I, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Duration: July, 2016 to June, 2018. Methodology: 500 patients undergoing septoplasty and SMR, over a period of 2 years were included in this study. Those requiring combination procedures were excluded. The study involved 400 males and 100 females. The age range was 15-75 years with a mean age of 34 years. All patients had a pre-operative nasal packing by undertraining medical officers using a roll gauze soaked in 4% Xylocaine with Topical Adrenaline 1:1000 in a ratio of 50:50 half an hour before surgery. 300 cases were operated under local anesthesia with no intravenous supplement and the remaining 200 under General Anesthesia. Results: 20 patients (04%) presented with adhesions out of which 15 were operated under General Anesthesia and 5 under local anesthesia. All these patients belonged to the non-splinted group. 07 patients (1.4%) complained of slight discomfort due to splints particularly those made of the cut drips. 03 patients (0.6%) complained of the unsightly look of the anterior ends of the splints as they were secured with stitches over the columella. Crust formation was the main problem encountered during the splinting period. Conclusion: Splints have been found to be very effective in preventing adhesion formation which are sometimes very troublesome. However, because of the very low incidence, (04%) in our studies compared to (8.1%) in other series after a single procedure on the nose, one must be very cautious in placing splints and should be placed where the surgeon strongly fears the formation of adhesions, such as in difficult cases. Suggestions: Prevention from unwanted adhesions is the best strategy to avoid adhesions.
ADSORBENT MATERIALS FOR EMERGING CONTAMINANT (TETRACYCLINE) REMOVAL
Authors: Serrato Denisse Morales , Pérez Jonatan Torres , Baltazar Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz , López Simón Yobanny Reyes
Published: May 2021

Water pollution is a serious environmental problem caused by activities. A group of pollutants that are not controlled in the environment but that cause harmful effects on the ecosystem are known as emerging pollutants. One of these groups of emerging pollutants detected in water bodies are pharmaceutical compounds. One of the main problems caused by pharmaceutical compounds as pollutant is bacterial resistance. are a family of antibiotics frequently used. Due to their poor absorption they are released into the environment through feces and urine as active ingredients. Wastewater treatment consists in three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment employs methods such as reverse osmosis, oxidation-reduction, ultraviolet irradiation, and adsorption. Adsorption is used because it is a simple and effective. For the choice of an effective adsorbent material, surface area, porosity, adsorption capacity, mechanical stability, and factors such as profitability, regeneration, sustainability, and selectivity are considered. In the present review, the adsorbents commonly used in the treatment of water contaminated with were analyzed. The adsorbents used have been classified in a general way as metallic materials, polymers, ceramics, composites, and materials based on biomass.
HIDROPONIK DAN AKUOPONIK : SOLUSI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN DAN IKAN DI LINGKUNGAN LAHAN TERBATAS
Authors: Wibowo Christianto Dharma , Damayanti Ayu Adhita , Nissa Haetun , Wibawa I Gede Adi Cipta , Yudiantara I Made Bendesa , Mahendra I Nyoman Yudi , Naufal Muhammad Wisam , Suta Ni Putu Dita Krisnayanti Ari , Fitriana Saskia , Yohanes
Published: May 2021

Di era modernisasi, pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan masyarakat terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya angka pertumbuhan penduduk. Hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan lahan kosong yang dapat digunakan sebagai tempat untuk bercocok tanam dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan kebutuhan pangan, solusi yang dilakukan adalah memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan rumah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi dan memperkenalkan konsep Pekarangan Pangan Lestari kepada masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Lingkungan Banjar Mantri, sehingga metode ini dapat diterapkan di setiap rumah dan setiap rumah dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya secara mandiri. Sasaran kegiatan adalah kelompok ibu-ibu dan remaja yag ada di Ligkungan Banjar Mantri Tahapan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan adalah Sosialisasi, Pelaksanaan kegiatan (Hidroponik monoculture dan Policulture), dan evaluasi. Melalaui kegiatan ini, masyarakat Lingkungan Banjar Mantri telah menetahui dan memahami tekhnik pembuatan hidroponik dan aquaponik yang baik dan benar. Kedua intriduksi teknologi tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber pangan bagi masyarakat dalam skala rumahan.
Morphology, morphometrics, and molecular characteristics of Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini , Purwanto Hari
Published: May 2021

Systematics of honey bees has developed rapidly. Several studies have attempted to infer the kinship between each group of honey bees.ÃÂ  One approach is the use identification and phylogenetic analysis using combination of morphology, morphometric, and molecular characteristics data. There are three species of honey bees found in the Central Sulawesi, namely Apis dorsata, A. cerana and A. nigrocincta. The last two species mentioned have similar biological properties, so they present some difficulties to identify especially with morphological characters only. The results showed that the two Apis bee species analyzed in this study, had similar morphological features compared to specimens of the same species from the other regions, whereas the morphometry of the two had variations in size compared to the same species that have been reported in other regions. The variations in the size or morphometric character of worker bees, both those with a larger or smaller size, possibly being a form of morphological adaptation to different environmental conditions. The CO1 and 16S Mitochondrial DNA sequencesof A. cerana and A. nigrocincta from this studywere similarto thesequences of the same species in the GeneBankÃ¢â¬â¢s database. This study provide preliminary data contributing to the preservation and utilization of one of IndonesiaÃ¢â¬â¢s important biodiversity resources.
Osteoclastic giant cell variant of urothelial carcinoma in a COVID- positive patient: A rare variant in an unusual circumstances
Authors: Chanchal Rana , Divya Goel , Akanksha Singh , Suresh Babu , Vishwajeet Singh
Published: May 2021

Bladder carcinomas have a great propensity for divergent differentiation with more that 90% being Transitional cell carcinoma. Several histological variants have been have described so far; they are not only morphologically unique but also have significant prognostic and therapeutic differences making their timely identification of paramount importance. Osteoclastic giant cell variant of urothelial carcinoma is very rare type with controversial management. Studies from China have documented higher incidence and severity of illness in COVID-19 positive cancer patients. We report an unusual case of Osteoclastic giant cell variant of urothelial carcinoma in a 63 yrs old male patient associated with simultaneous COVID-19 infection.
Impact of amitriptyline on learning and memory
Authors: Mfem CC , Seriki SA
Published: May 2021

Background/aim: Amitriptyline belongs to class of known as tricycline antidepresant (TCA) that is being used to treat anxiety and depressive states. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help to improve sleep and increase energy level. The study investigated the effect of amitriptyline on learning and memory using eighteen (18) healthy Swiss mice of both sexes weighing 16 – 25 g. Method: The animals were divided into three (3) groups consisting of six (6) animals each. Group 1 served as the control group, Group 2 was administered with amitriptyline at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 3 mls of distilled water, and used to test for learning, while Group three was also given similar administration like Group 2, but used to test for memory. All the animals were tested for learning and memory performance using Novel object recognition task and Morris water maze test. Results: The results obtained from the Novel object recognition task showed that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total object approach in acquisition trial of amitriptyline treated group when compared to the acquisition trial of the control group. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in retention trial of amitriptyline group when compared to retention trial in the control group. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total duration exploring objects in acquisition trial of amitriptyline treated group when compared to the acquisition trial of the control group. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total duration exploring objects in retention trial of amitriptyline treated group when compared to the retention trial of the control group. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the index of habituation of amitriptyline treated group when compared to the control group. The index of discrimination showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in amitriptyline treated group when compared to the control group and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in amitriptyline group when compared to the control group. In the Morris water maze test, Day 1 – 3 were for acquisition training, day 4 – 6 reversal training, day 7 the probe trial day and day 8 the visible platform day. During acquisition training in the Morris water maze test, there was no significant difference in Swim latencies in day 1 and 2. However in day 3, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in swim latency of group compared to control group and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in swim latency of amitriptyline treated group compared to the control group. During reversal training in day 1, 2 and 3, there was no significant difference in swim latency among the three groups. Results for the retention quadrant in the probe trials showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in amitriptyline group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results suggest that amitriptyline impairs learning and memory functions.
Cortical spreading depolarizations in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the role of ketamine
Authors: Leandro Custódio do Amaral
Published: May 2021

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is one of the main complications of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and one of its causes is the cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs). Cortical spreading depolarizations are waves of neuronal and glial depolarizations in which there is loss of neuronal ionic homeostasis with potassium efflux and sodium and calcium influx. In damaged brain areas and brain areas at risk, such as those adjacent to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), CSDs induce microvascular vasoconstriction and, therefore, hypoperfusion and spread of ischemia. Several studies have been devoted to minimize secondary injuries that occur hours to days after an acute insult. Ketamine, a drug until recently contraindicated in the neurosurgical population for potentially causing intracranial hypertension, has re-emerged as a potential neuroprotective agent due to its pharmacodynamic effects at the cellular level. These effects include anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and those of microthrombosis and cell apoptosis controls, and of modulation of brain excitotoxicity and CSDs. A literature review was performed at PubMed covering the period from 2002 to 2019. Retrospective studies confirmed the effects of ketamine on the control of CSDs and, consequently, of DCI in patients with SAH, but did not show improvement in clinical outcome. The influence of ketamine on the occurrence/development of DCI needs to be further confirmed in prospective randomized studies.
Transcriptional profile of bovine preimplantation development selected based on G6PDH activity
Authors: Nasser Ghanem , Romysa Samy , Eman Kh Kassab , Beshoy SF Khalil , Aya Ahmed Kordy , Marwa MH Said , Nouran S Rashed , Md Fakruzzamana , Kong IK
Published: May 2021

The oocyte is the female gamete that contributes not only half of the genetic material but also all of the cytoplasm to the zygote, supplying the transcripts, proteins, mitochondria and other components necessary for early embryonic development. The intrinsic oocyte quality is one of the main factors affecting the embryo yield, the implantation rate and the rate of healthy offspring. It is obvious that a fertilized oocyte must reach the blastocyst stage within 6–9 days in the proper culture conditions to have a significant chance of inducing a pregnancy and producing an offspring. The ability to sustain the first week of embryonic development is clearly influenced by the follicular status from which the oocyte is obtained indicating that this developmental potential is inherent within certain oocytes. Since most early embryos that do not reach the blastocyst stage are blocked at or close to the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)-stage, which occurs at the eight-cell stage in cattle, one could speculate that incompetent oocytes fail to appropriately activate the embryonic genome. Oocyte selection based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity has been successfully used to differentiate between competent and incompetent bovine oocytes. Recently, molecular regulation of genes regulating biological process of Brilliant Cresyl Blue staining (BCB) selected oocytes and embryos was investigated to explain their variation in quality and developmental potentiality. This short review will highlights some of these efforts that have been done in this interesting area of research.
Could apple cider vinegar be used for health improvement and weight loss?
Authors: Alexander V Sirotkin
Published: May 2021

This non-systematic review outlines the current knowledge concerning provenance, chemical composition and properties of apple cider vinegar, its general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning its action on fat storage, physiological mechanisms of its effects, as well as its safety and recommended dosage for treatment of obesity.
On the Biological Regulators of Bloodsucking Blackflies(Diptera:Simuliidae) of Mixed Forests of Belorussian and Ukrainian Woodlands
Authors: Kaplich V. M. , Sukhomlin E. B. , Zinchenko O. P.
Published: May 2021

This article considers the natural regulators of blood-sucking Simuliidae subzone of mixed forests on the territory of Belarus and Ukraine. In the mixed forests, the major regulators of preimaginal phases of bloodsucking blackflies are microsporidia (Polidyspirenia simulii, Polidyspirenia sp., Thelohania fibrata, Amblyospora bracteata, A. varians), fungi and mermithides (Gastromermis boophthorae). Caddisfly larvae (Hydropsyche angustipennis, Neureclipsis bimaculata, Polycentropus flavomaculatus, Cyrnus flavidus, Oligostomis reticulata, Brachycentrus subnubilus and Rhyacophila nubila) and fishes (Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Rutilus rutilus, Carassius carassius, Gobio gobio) significantly reduce the number of blackflies larvae and pupae. Adult blackflies are eaten by spiders (Araneus diadematus) dragonflies, robberflies, wasps, frogs (Rana temporaria and Rana terrestris), and insectivorous birds (Delichon urbicum, Hirundo rustica, Apus apus). Bactolarvicid and BLP-2477 are among the most effective biological products.
Hangar fire detection alarm with algorithm for extinguisher
Authors: Samuel David Iyaghigba  , Comfort Sunday Ayhok
Published: May 2021

A fire alarm is a high-performance system that detects smoke, heat or flames and actuates fire suppression system, for the protection of lives and property. It is employed in aircraft hangars for the protection of aircraft, personnel as well as the hangar structure. The need for a fire alarm in a hangar with algorithm for extinguishers cannot be overemphasized. The structure of the hangar building, type of aircraft housed in the hangar and activities carried out at the hangar such as inspections, overhauls and modifications of aircraft, determine the type of fire alarm to be used, whether it should be automatic or manual [2]. The detection employed, be it smoke detection, heat sensing or both and the process of extinguishing in the face of a fire threat or hazard is equally important. The effectiveness of the alarm is dependent on genuine alerts and not false alarm triggers, hence in this research paper, the employment of intelligent detection using comparators in programmed IC, the Micro-controller, was interfaced with a 555 Timer, a multi-vibrator for generating aural sound for alarm, LCD Display for indicated readings as well as algorithm for extinguishing using water or foam via sprinklers. The basic work started with a block diagram representation, thereafter, individual subsystems, which form the building blocks were analyzed and the components parts identified. A circuit diagram for the project was analyzed and built using Proteus. This was simulated and found to be achievable, hence a program was written in C++ for the micro-controller using Arduino Language known as the source code. The results show hangar fire detection alarm with algorithm for extinguishing and was investigated as an effective means of suppressing fire threat in the hangar [4].
Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice
Authors: Emmanuel Uka  , Efosa Godwin Ewere  , Grace Sylvester Effiong
Published: May 2021

Anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (ELESJ) was assessed in-vivo in mice by using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and xylene-induced ear oedema model at doses of 474.34, 948.68, and 1423.03 mg/kgbw respectively. A total of seventy-five matured mice of both sexes weighing between 20 g and 24 g (divided into three groups of 25 mice each for the 3 different studies) were used for this study. Treatment was done intraperitoneally. Distilled water (10 mL/kgbw), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kgbw) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kgbw) served as the normal and standard drugs respectively. The results showed that ELESJ produced significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in mean paw thickness in groups III-V compared with control group. Similarly, the extract caused a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and egg-albumin induced paw oedema (34.49%, 36.71%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg), comparable with the anti-inflammatory effects of the standard drug ASA (34.69%, 31.54%). The ELESJ also caused significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent decreases in xylene-induced ear oedema weight in all the test groups relative to control group and standard drug group. In addition, ELESJ showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibitory effect (44%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg) comparable with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone (48%). The results obtained from this study support the use of the leaf in folk medicine as it has significant anti-inflammatory properties and this may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the leaf.
Chronic myeloid leukemia revealed by bilateral proliferative retinopathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wafa Quiddi  , Hiba Boumaazi  , Sanae Sayagh
Published: May 2021

Bilateral proliferative retinopathy is a rare complication of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a few case reports have been published to date. In this case report, a 32-year old diabetic female presented with history of bilaterally decreased vision. Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral proliferative retinopathy (i.e., retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, pre-retinal fibrosis and the presence of bilateral peripheral capillary dropout with multiple retinal sea fan neovascularization) for which panretinal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy were planned. During the preoperative workup, complete blood count revealed hyperleukocytosis. Later on, the karyotype analysis identified Philadelphia chromosome, confirming the diagnosis of CML. Hence, it was an interesting case where bilateral proliferative retinopathy directed to the diagnosis of CML. Therefore, proliferative retinopathy may be the first presentation of CML.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) in adjacent areas of different land use in Nepal
Authors: Kuber Baral  , Anjana Giri  , Pradeep Kumar Shah  , Karl Kemmelmeier  , Sidney Luiz Stürmer  , Sita Gyawali  , Jay Kant Raut
Published: May 2021

Disturbances can affect the incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present study is a first attempt for the qualitative assessment of AMF diversity in adjacent areas of a forest ecosystem with different land uses and assess levels of mycorrhizal colonization by these fungi. A total of five soil samples were taken randomly from each of the following areas situated within the same landscape: undisturbed coniferous forest (UF), degraded forest (DF) and cultivated land (CL). A total of 22 taxa of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to eight genera were identified morphologically, Glomus and Acaulospora being the most common. Species richness ranged from 11-14 among land use areas, with 14 species in UF and 11 species in CL. Acaulospora mellea, Gigaspora sp. and two non-identified Glomus species were detected in all areas. While species richness did not differ significantly amongst areas, diversity at the family level was 43% less in CL than in UF. Mean mycorrhizal colonization was higher in DF (28%) than CL (20%). We concluded that land use mainly affected fungal diversity only at the family level and had no impact on mycorrhizal development in sampled roots. This work provides the first step to identify native AMF species in Nepal that might be cultured for further use by small farmers in a sustainable agriculture approach.
Photoperiod on growth and egg characteristics of the white leghorn chicken
Authors: Abdul Muumin Sadick  , Iddrisu Mubarik  , Dennis Kodzo Awalime  , Rebecca Akumbilim  , Philip Larweh  , Stephen Gyamfi  , Noah Awini Akudugu
Published: May 2021

One hundred and twenty (120) 16 weeks old White Leghorn layer breeds were used for the study. The objective of the study was to determine effect of photoperiod on layer chicken. The research was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong. Four treatments made up of 12 hours of light, 14 hours of light, 16 hours of light and 18 hours of light were used for the study. Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were exposed equally to common daylight and in the evenings, lights were turned on at specified periods. Growth parameters measured were initial body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight. Egg traits measured were egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and yolk weight. The data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Results from the study indicated that, varied photoperiod regimes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial body weight, daily feed intake but had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily weight gain and final body weight of growth traits. Photoperiod had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer bird. It was concluded from the study that, increasing photoperiod had no positive effect on growth and egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer.
Effects of vitamin D on motor symptoms and cognitive functions in people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gülbün Asuman Yüksel  , Gizem Gürsoy
Published: May 2021

Aim of the study: Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The present study investigates the role of vitamin D deficiency thought to be one of the etiopathological and modifying factors in Parkinson’s disease that is known to be multifactorial. Materials and Methods: Designed as a retrospective review of medical records, this study compares the serum vitamin D levels of the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients with and without dementia to those of the healthy individuals with no metabolic/degenerative disorders. It also investigates the relationship between the patients’ Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and serum vitamin D levels to show the effects of vitamin D on motor symptoms and cognitive functions. Results: In this study, we compared the serum vitamin D levels of 40 Parkinson’s disease patients and 15 Parkinson’s disease patients with dementia to those of the control group comprising 30 healthy individuals. Vitamin D levels were 21,4±15,9 ng/mL in the control group; 16,5±6,4 ng/mL in Parkinson’s disease patients and 13,8±4,5 ng/mL in Parkinson’s disease patients with dementia. All the patient groups had significantly lower vitamin D levels than the control group (p<0,005). Within the Parkinson’s disease group, furthermore, the dementia group had lower vitamin D levels than the non-dementia group. Having examined the relationship between the SMMSE scores and serum vitamin D levels, we found a significant difference in the Parkinson’s disease dementia group (p: 0,020), as well as a relationship of 59,4% in the same direction. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in either patient group in the scores of UPDRS evaluating clinical disability. Conclusion: Consistent with the literature, the present study found that people with Parkinson’s disease had lower mean values of serum vitamin D levels than the control group and showed that serum vitamin D levels were correlated with the cognitive performance. However, the study could not find a relationship between the serum vitamin D levels and the motor performance.
ANALISA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN TITANIUM ASTM B348 SETELAH MENGALAMI PROSES PENGELASAN DENGAN METODE FRICTION WELDING
Authors: Surya Indra , Diwantara Fathur Cakra
Published: May 2021

Pengelasan merupakan suatu proses penting di dalam industry. Salah satu Teknik pengelasan tanpa menggunakan logam tambahan adalah las gesek (friction welding). Las gesek (friction welding) merupakan Teknik pengelasan dengan cara menggesekan dua permukaan material dan suhu material yang dilas dalam kondisi lumer. Dalam proses las gesek salah satu material berputar dan dan material lainya diam, kemudian material yang tidak berputar di gesekkan pada material yang berputar dengan diberi penekanan sampai kedua material mencapai kondisi lumer lalu mesin dihentikan dan terjadi penyatuan material. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kekuatan Tarik dan kekerasan Titanium ASTM B348 setelah dilakukan pengelasan gesek dengan variasi waktu penekanan 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 detik. Hasil uji kekerasan dengan metode Rockwell diperoleh nilai kekerasan rata-rata area Haz adalah 12.4 dan rata-rata area las adalah 8.6, sedangkan pada raw material adalah 19.8. hasil pengujian Tarik diperoleh rata-rata kekuatan Tarik adalah 51.13 dan rata-rata pertambahan panjangnya adalah 39.22%. Dari hasil uji kekerasan dan kekuatan Tarik yang dilakukan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Titanium ASTM B348 setelah dilakukan pengelasan gesek dengan variasi waktu pengelasan menunjukan penurunan nilai nkekerasan dan kekuatan tariknya dari raw material.
Một số nhận định về trường Đại học trước cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: May 2021

Giáo dục 4.0 là một mô hình giáo dục thông minh, liên kết chủ yếu giữa các yếu tố nhà trường - nhà quản lý - nhà doanh nghiệp, tạo điều kiện cho việc đổi mới, sáng tạo và tăng năng suất lao động trong xã hội tri thức. Mô hình này cũng thúc đẩy tinh thần khởi nghiệp của giảng viên, sinh viên; tạo điều kiện cho việc hợp tác giữa giáo dục đại học và sản xuất công nghiệp; gắn kết phát triển kinh tế khu vực và địa phương… Đổi mới giáo dục đào tạo trước cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 trong Trường Đại học giúp hoạt động dạy và học diễn ra mọi lúc và mọi nơi; giúp sinh viên có thể cá nhân hóa, hoàn toàn quyết định việc học tập theo nhu cầu của bản thân
On Musical Notations
Authors: Kim Andrei
Published: May 2021

Deviations from traditional notations seem counterintuitive— as the norm works well. The reason why such a system holds an important place is because centuries of work, over many cultures and languages, did go into establishing it, a grammar was both induced and deduced upon agreement in collaboration with different professions: composers, theorists, the musicians themselves, had to come up with a method verified by consensus. Once such a system has reached a point of stability, further developments seem regressive: a perfect world would be one where the entirety of those involved agreeing upon a halt of development, upon the absence of any further trials and errors onwards. Such a thing never seems to happen in any sort of system: “graphic” notations were developed onwards from the traditional system— defying and reconstructing the rules that were held in place by consensus, perhaps as genuine development, possibly as regression, or even the destruction of that which was in place.
Moral Judgments Impact Perceived Risks from COVID-19 Exposure
Authors: O'Connor Cailin , Relihan Daniel P. , Thomas Ashley J , Ditto Peter , Stanford Kyle , Weatherall James O.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormously difficult decisions for individuals trying to navigate both the risks of the pandemic and the demands of everyday life. Good decision making in such scenarios can have life and death consequences. For this reason, it is important to understand what drives risk assessments during a pandemic, and, in particular, to investigate the ways that these assessments might deviate from ideal risk assessments. Two studies (N = 841) investigate risk judgments related to COVID-19. The results indicate that risk judgments are sensitive to factors unrelated to the objective risks of infection. In particular, activities that are morally justified are perceived as safer while those that might subject people to blame, or culpability, are seen as riskier.
Advancing river corridor science beyond disciplinary boundaries with an inductive approach to catalyse hypothesis generation
Authors: Ward Adam , Drummond Jennifer , Li Angang , Lupon Anna , Kurz Marie , Zarnetske Jay , Stegen James , Marti Eugenia , Ouellet Valerie , Brekenfeld Nicolai , Mao Feng , Graham Emily , Bernal Susana , Krause Stefan , Hannah David , Packman Aaron , Royer Todd , Klaar Megan
Published: May 2021

A unified conceptual framework for river corridors requires synthesis of diverse site-, method- and discipline-specific findings. The river research community has developed a substantial body of observations and process-specific interpretations, but we are still lacking a comprehensive model to distill this knowledge into fundamental transferable concepts. We confront the challenge of how a discipline classically organized around the deductive model of systematically collecting of site-, scale-, and mechanism-specific observations begins the process of synthesis. Machine learning is particularly well-suited to inductive generation of hypotheses. In this study, we prototype an inductive approach to holistic synthesis of river corridor observations, using support vector machine regression to identify potential couplings or feedbacks that would not necessarily arise from classical approaches. This approach generated 672 relationships linking a suite of 157 variables each measured at 62 locations in a fifth order river network. Eighty four percent of these relationships have not been previously investigated, and representing potential (hypothetical) process connections. We document relationships consistent with current understanding including hydrologic exchange processes, microbial ecology, and the River Continuum Concept, supporting that the approach can identify meaningful relationships in the data. Moreover, we highlight examples of two novel research questions that stem from interpretation of inductively-generated relationships. This study demonstrates the implementation of machine learning to sieve complex data sets and identify a small set of candidate relationships that warrant further study, including data types not commonly measured together. This structured approach complements traditional modes of inquiry, which are often limited by disciplinary perspectives and favour the careful pursuit of parsimony. Finally, we emphasize that this approach should be viewed as a complement to, rather than in place of, more traditional, deductive approaches to scientific discovery.
Comment on “Semantic memory impairment across the schizophrenia continuum: a meta-analysis of category fluency performance” by Tan et al.
Authors: Gabrić Petar
Published: May 2021

I read with great interest the study by Tan et al. (2020) who conducted a meta-analysis of semantic fluency in people across the psychosis continuum. Among other analyses, the authors provide the first meta-analysis of clustering and switching on semantic fluency in patients with chronic schizophrenia, reporting that patients display significantly smaller “mean cluster sizes” compared to healthy subjects. I argue that there are serious concerns about the compatibility of the clustering data used in the meta-analysis.
Virtual mindfulness interventions to promote well-being in young adults: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Xu Joy , Jo Helen , Noorbhai Leena , Patel Ami , Li Amy
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, students have experienced drastic changes in their academic and social lives with ensuing consequences towards their physical and mental well-being. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify virtual mindfulness-based interventions for the well-being of young adults aged 15 to 40 years in developed countries and examine the efficacy of these techniques/exercises. METHODSThis mixed-methods systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with a registered PROSPERO protocol. With a convergent integrated synthesis approach, IEEE Xplore, PsychInfo, Web of Science and OVID were searched with a predetermined criteria and search strategy employing booleans and filters for peer-reviewed and grey literature. Data screening and extraction were independently performed by two authors, with a third author settling disagreements after reconciliation. Study quality of selected articles was assessed with two independent authors using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Studies were analyzed qualitatively (precluding meta and statistical analysis) due to the heterogeneous study results from diverse study designs in present literature. RESULTSCommon mindfulness-based interventions used in the appraised studies included practicing basic mindfulness, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy programs (MBCT) and the Learning 2 BREATHE (L2B) program. CONCLUSIONStudies implementing mindfulness interventions demonstrated an overall improvement in well-being. Modified versions of these interventions can be implemented in a virtual context, so young adults can improve their well-being through an accessible format.
Significant cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease exacerbates the reliance on visual feedback during upper limb reaches
Authors: Cosgrove Jeremy , Hinder Mark R. , St George Rebecca , Picardi Chiara , Smith Stephen , Lones Michael , Jamieson Stuart , Alty Jane
Published: May 2021

While upper limb reaches are often made in a feed-forward manner, visual feedbackduring the movement can be used to guide the reaching hand towards a target. InParkinson’s disease (PD), there is evidence that the utilisation of this visual feedbackis increased. However, it is unclear if this is due solely to the characteristic slownessof movements in PD providing more opportunity for incorporating visual feedback tomodify reach trajectories, or whether it is due to cognitive decline impacting (feedforward)movement planning ability. To investigate this, we compared reaction timesand movement times of reaches to a target in groups of PD patients with normalcognition (PD-NC), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PD-D), to that ofcontrols with normal cognition (CON-NC) or mild cognitive impairment (CON-MCI).Reaches were undertaken with full visual feedback (at a ‘natural’ and ‘fast-as-possible’pace); with reduced visual feedback of the reaching limb to an illuminated target; andwithout any visual feedback to a remembered target with eyes closed.PD-D exhibited slower reaction times than all other groups across conditions,indicative of less efficient movement planning. When reaching to a rememberedtarget with eyes closed, all PD groups exhibited slower movement times relative totheir natural pace with full visual feedback. Crucially, this relative slowing was mostpronounced for the PD-D group, compared to the PD-MCI and PD-NC groups,suggesting that substantial cognitive decline in PD exacerbates dependence on visualfeedback during upper limb reaches.