bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smartphone based colorimetric point-of-care sensor for abused drugs: case of baclofen determination in urine
Authors: Abd el-Aziz Mariam O. , Nadim Ahmed H. , Monir Hany H. , Nebsen M. , Younis Sameh E.
Published: December 2023

As a GABA-β receptor agonist, the central muscle relaxant Baclofen (BAC) has a potential of abuse. Unfortunately, the sense of wellbeing and pleasure is obtained at very high BAC doses. This is associated with many life-threating or even fatal cases due to neurological and respiratory failures. Moreover, having narrow therapeutic index makes BAC a high-risk drug. This is potentiated in case of long-treatment regimen or off-label use in smoking and alcohol cessation protocols. Until now, there is no rapid diagnostic test available for BAC screening. Therefore; It is quite difficult to routinely monitor cases on BAC regimen. On the other hand, smartphone-based colorimetric point of care testing (POCT) is displacing conventional analytical approaches in the detection and assay of abused drugs as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. It offers on-site, rapid, easy, affordable and interpretable analysis. Incorporating smartphone as a portable device facilitates its application, especially in remote areas and low-income countries. For the first time, the current work presents a smartphone-based colorimetric POCT for BAC analysis in urine without interference from urine matrix. It depends on BAC reaction with naphthoquinone sulfonate (NQS) in highly alkaline aqueous medium. The developed color was captured in a customized photo box using smartphone camera. Then, intensity of the blue channel was measured by a software application “Color Analyzer”. All parameters were optimized with respect to the colorimetric reaction, photographing and smartphone-based analysis. All parameters were successfully investigated according to FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Also, all POCT criteria were considered as per WHO requirements. This method could determine BAC, linearly, from 0.02 to 0.21 mmol L−1 in urine. Moreover, LLOQ was lower than the expected BAC therapeutic concentrations in urine. The proposed method proved high reliability and suitability to analyze BAC in urine. This strongly recommends its routine application in screening BAC abusers and BAC therapeutic monitoring.

Graphical Abstract
Plasma proteomics-based biomarkers for predicting response to mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19
Authors: Li Tian-Tian , Yao Wei-Qi , Dong Hai-Bo , Wang Ze-Rui , Zhang Zi-Ying , Yuan Meng-Qi , Shi Lei , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: December 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for predicting response to MSC therapy by pre-MSC treatment plasma proteomic profile in severe COVID-19 in order to optimize treatment choice.

Methods

A total of 58 patients selected from our previous RCT cohort were enrolled in this study. MSC responders (n = 35) were defined as whose resolution of lung consolidation ≥ 51.99% (the median value for resolution of lung consolidation) from pre-MSC to 28 days post-MSC treatment, while non-responders (n = 23) were defined as whose resolution of lung consolidation < 51.99%. Plasma before MSC treatment was detected using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify pre-MSC treatment plasma proteomic biomarkers that might distinguish between responders and non-responders to MSC therapy.

Results

In total, 1101 proteins were identified in plasma. Compared with the non-responders, the responders had three upregulated proteins (CSPG2, CTRB1, and OSCAR) and 10 downregulated proteins (ANXA1, AGRG6, CAPG, DDX55, KV133, LEG10, OXSR1, PICAL, PTGDS, and S100A8) in plasma before MSC treatment. Using logistic regression model, lower levels of DDX55, AGRG6, PICAL, and ANXA1 and higher levels of CTRB1 pre-MSC treatment were predictors of responders to MSC therapy, with AUC of the ROC at 0.910 (95% CI 0.818–1.000) in the training set. In the validation set, AUC of the ROC was 0.767 (95% CI 0.459–1.000).

Conclusions

The responsiveness to MSC therapy appears to depend on baseline level of DDX55, AGRG6, PICAL, CTRB1, and ANXA1. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when making decision to initiate MSC therapy in patients with severe COVID-19.
ProNGF promotes brain metastasis through TrkA/EphA2 induced Src activation in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Cicero Julien , Trouvilliez Sarah , Palma Martine , Ternier Gaetan , Decoster Laurine , Happernegg Eloise , Barois Nicolas , Van Outryve Alexandre , Dehouck Lucie , Bourette Roland P. , Adriaenssens Eric , Lagadec Chann , Tarhan Cagatay Mehmet , Collard Dominique , Souguir Zied , Vandenhaute Elodie , Maubon Grégory , Sipieter François , Borghi Nicolas , Shimizu Fumitaka , Kanda Takashi , Giacobini Paolo , Gosselet Fabien , Maubon Nathalie , Le Bourhis Xuefen , Van Seuningen Isabelle , Mysiorek Caroline , Toillon Robert-Alain
Published: December 2023

Background

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer is particularly aggressive, and its metastasis to the brain has a significant psychological impact on patients' quality of life, in addition to reducing survival. The development of brain metastases is particularly harmful in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To date, the mechanisms that induce brain metastasis in TNBC are poorly understood.

Methods

Using a human blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vitro model, an in vitro 3D organotypic extracellular matrix, an ex vivo mouse brain slices co-culture and in an in vivo xenograft experiment, key step of brain metastasis were recapitulated to study TNBC behaviors.

Results

In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of the precursor of Nerve Growth Factor (proNGF) in the development of brain metastasis. More importantly, our results showed that proNGF acts through TrkA independent of its phosphorylation to induce brain metastasis in TNBC. In addition, we found that proNGF induces BBB transmigration through the TrkA/EphA2 signaling complex. More importantly, our results showed that combinatorial inhibition of TrkA and EphA2 decreased TBNC brain metastasis in a preclinical model.

Conclusions

These disruptive findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis with proNGF as a driver of brain metastasis of TNBC and identify TrkA/EphA2 complex as a potential therapeutic target.
Mental health professionals’ perspectives on the relevance of religion and spirituality to mental health care
Authors: Vieten Cassandra , Oxhandler Holly K. , Pearce Michelle , Fry Nina , Tanega Chloe , Pargament Kenneth
Published: December 2023

Background

A large body of evidence indicates that spiritual and religious backgrounds, beliefs, and practices (SRBBPs) are related to better psychological health. Spirituality and religion (R/S) are also important aspects of multicultural diversity. There is evidence that clients would like to talk about their spirituality, and that including it in assessment and treatment planning can be beneficial. However, the extent to which practicing mental health professionals view SRBBPs as relevant to mental health and clinical practice is unclear.

Methods

A survey examining several aspects of addressing SRBBPs in clinical practice was distributed to 894 professionals across mental health disciplines, including psychiatry, psychology, social work, marriage family therapy, licensed professional counselors, certified chemical dependency counselors, and psychiatric mental health nurses.

Results

89% of mental health professionals agreed that clinicians should receive training in R/S competencies. There were no differences between mental health disciplines in ratings of importance of such training. Younger individuals and those who identify as more spiritual were more likely to consider R/S training as important. Although 47.1% of professionals had not received much R/S training, many perceived themselves to be highly competent in R/S clinical integration practices (57.8% considered themselves able to display them very much or completely). In addition, respondents with more R/S training evaluated themselves as more proficient in R/S clinical integration. Nearly two-thirds (65.2%) of respondents reported encountering few to no barriers to engaging in R/S competent mental health care.

Conclusions

There is a growing consensus among mental health care professionals that mental health professionals should be trained in R/S competencies. Strong agreement exists that basic R/S competencies include respect, empathy, examination of bias, and routine assessment of R/S in mental health care. Four in five of those surveyed agree that more active competencies, such as identifying and addressing religious and spiritual struggles and problems and helping clients explore and access R/S strengths and resources should be included, whereas one in five report less comfort with these competencies.
Bleeding risk factors and real-world antithrombotic therapies in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study
Authors: Fujita Kanako , Kohyama Noriko , Sato Miki , Deguchi Tomokazu , Suzuki Hiroshi , Ebato Mio , Kogo Mari
Published: December 2023

Background

Bleeding risk factors in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are unclear and data on the use of antithrombotic drugs are lacking. We investigated the bleeding risk factors in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI to help optimize antithrombotic therapy according to bleeding risk. We also investigated the association between the actual use of antithrombotic therapy and bleeding events.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 134 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent primary PCI at the Department of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital. The endpoint was a bleeding event within 1-year. Bleeding risk factors were identified using multivariate analysis. The association between the number of antithrombotics and bleeding events was evaluated using the chi-squared test.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 76.0 ± 6.2 years. Bleeding events occurred in 41 (30.6%) patients. Age > 80 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–5.85), multivessel disease (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.22–6.23), and history of surgery (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.14–8.06) were identified as bleeding risk factors. The proportion of patients receiving triple therapy was significantly higher in the bleeding group compared to the non-bleeding group (70.7% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Age > 80, multivessel disease, and history of surgery were found to be risk factors for bleeding in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI. In addition, dual therapy after PCI in elderly patients at high risk of bleeding should be considered to avoid bleeding events.
Child stunting prevalence determination at sector level in Rwanda using small area estimation
Authors: Ngaruye Innocent , Nzabanita Joseph , Niragire François , Rizinde Theogene , Nkurunziza Joseph , Ndikubwimana Jean Bosco , Ruranga Charles , Kabano Ignace , N. Muhoza Dieudonne , Ahishakiye Jeanine
Published: December 2023

Background

Stunting among children under 5 years of age remains a worldwide concern, with 148.1 million (22.3%) stunted in 2022. The recent 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS) revealed that the prevalence of stunting in Rwanda among under five children was 33.5%. In Rwanda, there is no sufficient evidence on stunting status to guide prioritized interventions at the sector level, the lowest administrative unit for implementing development initiatives. This study aimed to provide reliable estimates of stunting prevalence in Rwanda at the sector level.

Methods

In this article, Small Area Estimation (SAE) techniques were used to provide sector level estimates of stunting prevalence in children under five in Rwanda. By plugging in relevant significant covariates in the generalized linear mixed model, model-based estimates are produced for all sectors with their corresponding Mean Square Error (MSE).

Results

The findings showed that, overall, 40 out of 416 sectors had met the national target of having a stunting rate less than or equal to 19%, while 194 sectors were far from meeting this target, having a stunting rate higher than the national prevalence of 33.5% in the year 2020. The majority of the sectors with stunting prevalence that were higher than the national average of 33.5% were found in the Northern Province with 68 sectors out of 89 and in Western Province with 64 sectors out of 96. In contrast, the prevalence of stunting was lower in the City of Kigali where 14 out of 35 sectors had a stunting rate between 0 and 19%, and all sectors were below the national average. This study showed a substantial connection between stunting and factors such as household size, place of residence, the gender of the household head, and access to improved toilet facilities and clean water.

Conclusion

The results of this study may guide and support informed policy decisions and promote localised and targeted interventions in Rwanda’s most severely affected sectors with a high stunting prevalence in Rwanda.
Fe-curcumin nanozyme-mediated immunosuppression and anti-inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Jiang Zhengxuan , Liang Kun , Gao Xiang , Cao Fan , An Guangqi , Gui Siyu , Tang Weiwei , Du Liping , Tao Liming , Wang Xianwen
Published: December 2023

Background

EAU is an inflammatory disease usually characterized by autoinflammation and autoimmunity and is aggravated by excessive generation of ROS. Conventional hormone therapy often has more adverse effects. It is urgent to find a therapeutic drug with higher efficiency and fewer adverse effects.

Methods

We developed an Fe-curcumin nanozyme in which natural antioxidants coordinate with Fe
3+
to form nanoparticles with excellent solubility for directing anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging effects to treat EAU. Several experiments were used to detect the characteristics of nanozymes. EAU model rats were used to detect the abilities of decreasing autoinflammation and autoimmunity. PBMCs were used to detect the ability to inhibit cell proliferation.

Results

Free radical scavenging experiments showed that nanozymes decreased the level of free radicals at low concentrations. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the group treated with Fe-curcumin nanozymes had lower inflammatory reactions and ROS levels than the control group, as reflected by the downregulated levels of several critical inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α; decreased H
2
O
2
release; inhibited proliferation of Th1 and Th17 cells; and alleviated pathological changes in the eye. Importantly, the Fe-curcumin nanozyme was detected in the retina using Prussian blue staining. Additionally, Fe-curcumin nanozyme is noncytotoxic when directing these biological activities.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using the Fe-curcumin nanozyme as a nanodrug to inhibit inflammatory reactions and scavenge ROS in the treatment of EAU, indicating that it may serve as a promising therapeutic agent in clinical treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Try Before You Buy: Are There Benefits to a Random Trial Period before Students Choose Their Collaborative Teams?
Authors: Samudra Sukhada , Walters Cynney , Williams-Dobosz Destiny , Shah Aarati , Brickman Peggy
Published: December 2023

Our efforts to maximize interactions between students before groups were formed did not significantly improve group diversity or lessen conflict. It did however result in avoidance of persistently poorly prepared students.
A Low-Cost Mobile-Based Augmented Reality Neuronavigation System for Retrosigmoid Craniotomy
Authors: Hong Wenyao , Huang Xiaohua , Chen Zhongyi , Huang Shengyue , Wen Yuxing , He Bingwei , Liu Yuqing , Lin Yuanxiang
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The correct positioning of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) during retrosigmoid craniotomy (RC) is crucial for enhancing surgical efficiency and preventing complications. An augmented reality technology may provide low-cost guidance for the TSSJ position. The authors aimed to investigate the clinical application of a self-developed mobile augmented reality navigation system (MARNS) for TSSJ positioning during RC and present their findings.

METHODS:

This observational research enrolled patients who underwent RC at Fujian Provincial Hospital from May 2023 to June 2023. All patients had their TSSJs located by MARNS. The surgical incision and skull “keyhole” for drilling were determined separately based on the projections of TSSJ on the 3-dimensional model displayed by MARNS. This method was assessed using matching error, positioning time, integrity of the bone flap, incidence of transversal sigmoid sinus injury, and other complications.

RESULTS:

Seven patients diagnosed with acoustic neuroma, trigeminal neuralgia, and hemifacial spasm were enrolled in this study. The MARNS system exhibited a matching error with an average magnitude of 2.88 ± 0.69 mm. The positioning procedure necessitated an average duration of 279.71 ± 27.29 seconds. In every instance, the inner edge of the TSSJ was precisely identified and exposed while the bone flap was successfully formed and maintained an average integrity of 86.7%.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrated the efficacy of MARNS in the precise placement of the TSSJ during RC procedures. It offers advantages for convenience, cost-effectiveness, and reliability for neurosurgical navigation.
Robotic Versus Thoracoscopic Sub-lobar Resection for Octogenarians with Clinical Stage IA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Real-World Study
Authors: Pan Hanbo , Zou Ningyuan , Tian Yu , Shen Yaofeng , Chen Hang , Zhu Hongda , Zhang Jiaqi , Jin Weiqiu , Gu Zenan , Ning Junwei , Jiang Long , Huang Jia , Luo Qingquan
Published: December 2023

Background

Minimally invasive sub-lobectomy is sufficient in treating small early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, comparison of the feasibility and oncologic efficacy between robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in performing sub-lobectomy for early-stage NSCLC patients age 80 years or older is scarce.

Methods

Octogenarians with clinical stage IA NSCLC (tumor size, ≤ 2 cm) undergoing minimally invasive wedge resection or segmentectomy at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Propensity score-matching (PSM) with a RATS versus VATS ratio of 1:4 was performed. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The study identified 594 patients (48 RATS and 546 VATS patients), and PSM resulted in 45 cases in the RATS group and 180 cases in the VATS group. The RATS patients experienced less intraoperative bleeding (60 mL [interquartile range (IQR), 50–100 mL] vs. 80 mL [IQR, 50–100 mL]; P = 0.027) and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (4 days [IQR, 3–5 days] vs. 5 days [IQR, 4–6 days]; P = 0.041) than the VATS patients. The two surgical approaches were comparable concerning other perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications (20.00% vs. 26.11%; P = 0.396). Additionally, during a median follow-up period of 66 months, RATS and VATS achieved comparable 5-year overall survival (90.48% vs. 87.93%; P = 0.891), recurrence-free survival (83.37% vs. 83.18%; P = 0.782), and cumulative incidence of death. Further subgroup comparison also demonstrated comparable long-term outcomes between the two approaches. Finally, multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the surgical approach was not independently correlated with long-term outcomes.

Conclusions

The RATS approach shortened the postoperative hospital stay, reduced intraoperative bleeding by a statistically notable but clinically insignificant amount, and achieved long-term outcomes comparable with VATS in performing sub-lobectomy for octogenarians with early-stage small NSCLC.
La(III)-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Yielding Chiral Lactates
Authors: Kobayashi Natsumi , Komine Nobuyuki , Nomura Kotohiro , Hirano Hiroshi , Hirano Masafumi
Published: December 2023

Biomass-based polymers can be a valuable resource of chiral compounds through depolymerization. [La(acac)3]-catalyzed (1 mol%) depolymerization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) (Mw = 1.58 × 105) pellets in MeOH at 90 °C for 3 h produced methyl L-lactate in >99% yield (96% ee). When powdered PLLA is used, this reaction can be achieved at 40 °C for 6 h in >99% (95% ee). PLLA is depolymerized in EtOH by La(NO3)3·6H2O or [Fe(acac)3] (1 mol%) at 135 °C for 4 h to give ethyl L-lactate in 86% (96% ee) and 87% yield (96% ee), respectively. The depolymerization by [La(acac)3] (5 mol%) in HNEt2 at 150 °C for 3 h gives N,N-diethyllactamide in 85% but the enantiomeric excess decreases to 27% ee.
Global Innovation and Knowledge Diffusion
Authors: Lind Nelson , Ramondo Natalia
Published: December 2023

We develop a Ricardian model of trade where countries innovate ideas that diffuse globally. Our key result provides necessary and sufficient conditions for innovation and diffusion to generate max-stable Fréchet productivity, linking generalized extreme value expenditure to knowledge flows. Innovation makes a country technologically distinct, reducing its substitutability with other countries. In contrast, diffusion generates technological similarity, increasing head-to-head competition and substitutability. In an innovation-only model where countries do not share ideas, productivities are independent across countries and expenditure is CES. Consequently, departures from CES reveal diffusion patterns. (JEL F11, O31, O33, O41)
A Fed for Our Times: A Review Essay on 21st Century Monetary Policy by Ben Bernanke
Authors: Reichlin Lucrezia
Published: December 2023

This essay reviews 21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19 by Ben Bernanke, a fascinating account of the evolution of the Fed since the 1950s, and a stalwart defense of the status quo: of the Fed’s remit, its independence, and the tools and practices it now uses to pursue its mandate. The essay supports many of Bernanke’s key points and brings the experience of the European Central Bank to illuminate them by contrast. However, it argues that the book understates the significance of the changes in institutional architecture that have emerged since the crisis. Questions that we thought had been settled are going to have to be addressed anew, albeit in slightly different guises. This will have implications for all aspects of economic governance. (JEL E31, E32, E52, E58, E62, N12, N22)
Κριτική και Θεσμική Παιδαγωγική: Ένας φανταστικός διάλογος του Paulo
Freire με τον Celestin Freinet για τις πρώτες μέρες στο σχολείο της κοινότητας
Authors: Μπαλτάς Χαράλμπος
Published: December 2023

Κριτική και Θεσμική Παιδαγωγική: Ένας φανταστικός διάλογος
του Paulo Freire με τον Celestin Freinet για τις πρώτες μέρες στο σχολείο της
κοινότητας.
Η Παιδαγωγική Διάσταση των Ψηφιακών Παιχνιδιών και ο Ρόλος τους στη Μάθηση
Authors: Ακριτίδης Νικόλαος
Published: December 2023

Τα ψηφιακά παιχνίδια απασχολούν σήμερα ιδιαίτερα μεγάλη μερίδα ανθρώπων, και ειδικότερα τα παιδιά και τους εφήβους, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει ότι η αξιοποίησή τους στην έρευνα για την εκπαίδευση αποτελεί μια ιδιαίτερα ελκυστική προοπτική. Η δυνατότητα του ψηφιακού παιχνιδιού να συμβάλει σε νέες μορφές κοινωνικοποιητικών διαδικασιών και η ενδεχόμενη ένταξή του στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία του σχολείου, αποτελεί πρόκληση και θεωρούμε ότι είναι αναγκαία. Η πραγματικότητα αυτή υπαγορεύει κάποιους επαναπροσδιορισμούς, ώστε το σχολείο να εναρμονιστεί με ό,τι ισχύει στην καθημερινότητα του παιδιού και να του επιτρέψει να «εκμεταλλευτεί» το ψηφιακό παιχνίδι ως ένα σύγχρονο μέσο μάθησης και δημιουργίας νέων μορφών κοινωνικότητας και κοινωνικών δικτύων.
LINGUO-STYLISTIC MEANS OF CREATING THE IMAGE OF THE «NATURAL MAN» IN THE NOVEL THE LIFE OF PI BY Y. MARTEL
Authors: Lashtabova Natalia V. , Malikov Aleksandr I.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the linguo-stylistic analysis of the image of Pisin Molitor Patel as a central component of the artwork in the context of plot development.

Purpose. The identification and analysis of the means of creating the image of the «natural man» in the novel «The Life of Pi» by Y. Martel.

The work uses such research methods as the analysis of theoretical literature on the problem of research, the method of continuous sampling, the method of linguostylistic analysis, corpus analysis of text, comparative-comparative analysis.

Results: The results of the study showed that with the help of a set of explicit linguistic and stylistic means Y. Martel creates an image of a “natural man” who relies on human reason in everything and in a difficult situation is guided by common sense rather than emotions and feelings and proceeds to fulfil the primary tasks necessary for survival. In addition, the linguistic and stylistic means of indirect characterisation identified in the thoughts, direct and inner speech serve to indicate the leading role of common sense and intellect in the construction of the protagonist’s image as a “natural man”.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN DOCTOR – PATIENT COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH: SELECTION CRITERIA
Authors: Sokolova Alina Yu. , Bogdanova Viktoria O. , Kononova Maria A.
Published: December 2023

Background. Communication between doctor and patient is an important component of the treatment process. The main task of the doctor is to collect all the necessary information about the patient’s problem and the history of its occurrence, to clarify all the circumstances of the situation and to offer options for action. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to use certain speech means that should help the doctor get all the information and get what they want from the patient. Questions are one of the means that determine the effectiveness of interaction.

Purpose. The purpose of the study of this article is to analyze the interrogative sentences used in the doctor – patient dialogues in English, to determine their communicative load, to identify the most frequent constructions and to describe the criteria for choosing the types of interrogative sentences.

Materials and methods. The material of the study was the scripts of conversations between doctors and patients in English, presented in open sources. In the course of the study, a continuous sample of interrogative sentences used by the doctor was carried out. The questions were divided into types according to their grammatical structure, the communicative load of each type was determined. The most and least frequent types of questions are singled out, possible grounds for such a pattern are identified.

Results. The article describes the main types of questions in English in terms of their grammatical structure: general, special, alternative and disjunctive. The results of own research based on the material of audio recordings and their scripts of conversations between doctors of various specialties and their patients at various stages of the treatment process are presented. In the process of research, each type of questions was analyzed in the context of their use in order to describe their communicative load. This approach made it possible to identify criteria for selecting certain types of questions, which are determined by the target settings of the communicative “doctor-patient” situation.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of teaching Medical English, in the professional activities of healthcare professionals when communicating with patients, in theoretical courses on English grammar.
COHESION AND COHERENCE IN THE CONTEXT RELATIONS
Authors: Glazkov Alexey V.
Published: December 2023

Background. Context is the essential tool to connect the sentences in the text. The formalization of the context relations has been well considered for cohesion. However, the role of coherence in the context relations requires its studying. Since both kinds of the linkage participate in the forming the context relations there is a need to develop a system of analysis of context which considers both categories of textuality. There is in pragmatics different approaches to examine contexts. In the article is given a short analysis of the minimalists and contextualists approaches. It is shown that contextualists approach fits more for the text analysis.

Materials and methods. The research material comprises fragments of fiction and non-fiction texts containing clearly manifested context relations. Methods used – discourse analysis, classification.

Purpose. To establish specificity of the cohesive and coherence connections between the sentences linked by means of the context relations.

Results. Contextual relations are defined as relations between base of the context and the context. Base of context are context sensitive expressions and parts of sentence obtained context sensitivity in some conditions. The selected texts illustrate that context relations are manifested to a greater or lesser extent depending on context sensitivity of the base of context. A pattern has been revealed that the importance of coherence increases as the level of the context sensitivity while reducing the level of the context sensitivity or vice versa.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE NEWS MEDIA DISCOURSE IN THE CORONAVIRUS ERA
Authors: Zorina Anna V. , Amirkhanova Karina M.
Published: December 2023

Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and discursive analysis of lexical units of English-language news articles aimed at highlighting the coronavirus issue in the period of 2020-2022.

Purpose. The paper presents the results of the analysis of The Guardian news articles devoted to Covid-19 pandemic in the period of 2020-2022.

Materials and methods. The news articles of The Guardian newspaper devoted to coronavirus issues were selected as the research materials. The methods of semantic and discourse analysis, partial sampling, as well as descriptive method were used in the study.

Results. The article provides a detailed semantic and discursive analysis of the lexical means used in the texts. The analysis results reveal the most typical lexical means, providing such features as informativeness and expressiveness. The article provides a detailed description of functioning of expressive means in the total number of 2658 units.

Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in practical classes in the disciplines “Practical course of the English language”, “Foreign (English) language”, “Lexical aspects of translation”, as well as when writing term papers and final qualifying papers.
FILM TITLE AS UNIT OF TRANSLATION AND IMAGE-SENSE (BASED ON ENGLISH AND KOREAN)
Authors: Kolodina Evgeniia A. , Pashkova Irina V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The article focuses on the study of film titles that we consider an integral part of cinema text from the point of view of its special sign nature. A film title gives the key to the subject matter of the film story line. The translator faces a number of challenges as it is essential to capture the semantic multidimensionality of the original title in order to transmit accurately the same vision, sense and tonality embodied in the original title.

Methodology. The study is done in the light of the synergetic approach to film translation that emphasizes the dominant role of the image-sense and its influences on translation solutions. The polysemiotic nature of a film text should be taken into account while dealing with film title translations.

Results. The image-sense is an integral unity that can be cognized only in the context of the whole as the essence of semiosis, unity of individual and general, creating an authentic image in a viewer’s mind. Image-sense is characterized by unpredictability and ambiguity that can be eliminated due to video image and the interaction of some semiotic systems in creating an integral entity. The research materials are film dialogues of Korean and American feature films.
THE «WEALTH - POVERTY» OPPOSITION IN THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF KAZAKH AND TATAR PAREMIAS)
Authors: Izhbaeva Gulnaz R. , Myrzagalieva Aigerim S. , Temeresheva Larisa N.
Published: December 2023

Background. This article examines the opposition of the concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in the paremiological units of the Kazakh and Tatar languages. It is well known that proverbs are mostly closely related to the external factors of human life. Paremias react realistically to phenomena, reflect an ethnic worldview, and express philosophical, aesthetic, and religiously pragmatic folk views.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the expression of the oppositional concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in Kazakh and Tatar paroemias.

Materials and methods. In the research work, a detailed analysis of proverbs and sayings of the Kazakh and Tatar languages containing units of lexical and semantic groups “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” was carried out. The following research methods are used in the work: conceptual, diachronic analyses, methods of comparative linguoculturological analysis.

Results. The concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in the Kazakh and Tatar paremiological system represent both universal and specific features of the linguistic world pictures of the two peoples through various ethnospecific images. As a result of the study, it was revealed that these concepts in the paremias serve as a reflection not only of the material situation, but also of the spiritual state of a person. A brief dialogue with the use of paremias is instructive in nature and often asserts the priority of moral values over material goods.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be used both in the main course of teaching Kazakh and Tatar languages, and in elective courses of cognitive linguistics, conceptology, literary studies, folklore, and can also be useful for research in the field of linguistic worldviews of the Kazakh and Tatar peoples.
SEMANTIC SYNONYMS IN THE EVEN LANGUAGE
Authors: Savvinova Stepanida N.
Published: December 2023

Background. The topic of synonymy in the Even language has been insufficiently studied so far. The relevance of the study lies primarily in the fact that semantic synonyms have not yet received sufficient coverage in the Even language, while they play an important role in the development of the lexical system of the language.

The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the functioning of synonyms in the Even language, which is of value in typological comparative studies of both related and unrelated languages. The novelty is that for the first time in the Even language, semantic synonyms by shades of values are considered on the basis of analysis.

Materials and methods. As a source of research, artistic and folklore works, the Even-Russian Dictionary by V.A. Robbek, M.E. Robbek. When studying semantic synonyms of the Even language, the methods of continuous sampling and linguistic analysis was used.

Results. Based on the analysis of semantic synonyms in the Even language, it was revealed that they differ in shades of meaning and introduce an additional concept into the disclosure of the expressed reality, being stylistically neutral. Shades of meaning are expressed in the degree of manifestation of the feature, in the scope of the covered phenomena, actions, in abstractness and specificity, in additional meaning. Semantic synonymy is characteristic of parts of speech such as the noun, adjective, verb, adverb.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in teaching the Even language, compiling a dictionary of synonyms of the Even language.
VERBAL-SEMANTIC LEVEL OF THE LANGUAGE PERSONALITY OF A VOLGA GERMAN (BASED ON MY CHILDREN BY G. YAKHINA)
Authors: Solunova Yana A. , Salimova Daniya A.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the verbal-semantic level of the linguistic personality of a Volga German based on the material of G. Yakhina’s novel My Children.
The question of the linguistic personality as an object of linguistics continues to remain one of the most pressing, since the linguistic personality in the conditions of intercultural communication, with a certain set of skills require a comprehensive and integrative approach. There is still no single concept of understanding the linguistic personality with theoretical and methodological positions. However, it is obvious that the variety of positions on this linguistic object allows one to refer to various kinds of material: in particular, modern Russian novel. The novel My Children represents relevant and valuable material for study if it is considered from the perspective of the anthropocentric paradigm of linguistics. This is due to the presence in the novel of a large number of linguistic personalities, interesting both in their verbal-semantic component, as well as in their cognitive and pragmatic ones.
The relevance of the chosen topic is also motivated by the linguistic personality of the writer Guzel Yakhina herself, who is a bilingual philologist, which cannot but be reflected in the language of her works. In the article, a specific example of the description and analysis of a certain level of a character’s linguistic personality is presented. The material included over 1000 examples of various subsystems and different levels of linguistic units related to the characteristics of the phenomenon of linguistic personality. The main attention in the article is paid to the lexical and syntactic levels of text material, analyzed using the techniques of descriptive, semantic, functional-stylistic methods, as well as the method of stylistic interpretation, etc. The results of the study allow us to speak about the special linguistic personality of the Volga Germans with their own individual characteristics, in which both cultural and social components are clearly manifested, which is obvious when analyzing the verbal-semantic level of the linguistic personality; the conclusion about the possibility and potential of studying other components of linguistic personality in the presented way is substantiated.
EVOLUTIONARY-SYNERGETIC APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Kurtov Sergei Yu.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. The social dimension of the concept of sustainable development is recognized as the most relevant but least developed. Ensuring social sustainability requires effective interdisciplinary cooperation based on a modern evolutionary-synergetic picture of the world.

Objective. To formulate the concept of social system sustainability within the framework of evolutionary-synergetic paradigm.

Materials and Methods. The philosophical and methodological analysis of the works of foreign and domestic authors in the field of social philosophy, sociology and synergetics was carried out.

Results. The notions of sustainability in synthetic evolution of G. Spencer are considered. The role of division of labor in ensuring the social sustainability from the position of the concept of social solidarity of E. Durkheim is revealed. The mechanism of ensuring the sustainability of civilizations in the theory of historical evolution A. Toynbee is described. The prevailing role of sociocultural metaevolution in increasing of adaptive sustainability of society is noted. The paper analyzes the principles of the antifragile strategy proposed by N.N. Taleb to increase sustainability in conditions of nonlinearity and uncertainty.The applicability of synergetic methodology to the study of the problem of social sustainability is substantiated. The role of personality in the formation of a sustainable social system in the synergetic concept of S.P. Kurdyumov and E.N. Knyazeva is established.

Discussion. The problem of the balance between chaos and order in sustainable society, as well as the mechanisms of self-organization of the social system in the studies of the Russian school of synergetics is considered.

Conclusion. From the standpoint of evolutionism and synergetics, the sustainability of society is a property of purposeful increase in the efficiency of social processes as it moves towards the at-tractor of social justice along the optimal trajectory with minimal controlling influence.
Description of the second species of Polletomyia Curler, 2020 (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Bravo Freddy , Araújo Maíra Xavier
Published: December 2023

Polletomyia Curler, 2020 is a Neotropical genus of Psychodidae that was established based on Polletomyia subulata Curler, 2020 from French Guiana. In this paper, we describe a second species of the genus from the Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were collected by the late Larry Quate, a psychodid expert, and are deposited at the Museu de Zoologia of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. We provide illustrations and descriptions of both males and females of the new species.
The Enigmas of Fluctuations of the Universal Quantum Fields
Authors: Bhaumik Mani L.
Published: December 2023

The primary ingredients of reality are the universal quantum fields, which fluctuate persistently, spontaneously, and randomly. The general perception of the scientific community is that these quantum fluctuations are due to the uncertainty principle. Here, we present cogent arguments to show that the uncertainty principle is a consequence of the quantum fluctuations, but not their cause. This poses a conspicuous enigma as to how the universal fields remain immutable with an expectation value so accurate that it leads to experimental results, which are precise to one part in a trillion. We discuss some reasonable possibilities in the absence of a satisfactory solution to this enigma.Quanta 2023; 12: 190–201.
Introduction to the Special Issue of Studia z Historii Filozofii
Authors: Aliaiev Gennadii
Published: December 2023

Introduction to the Special Issue of Studia z Historii Filozofii
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING –THE KEY ENABLER OF CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE IN AVIATION
Authors: ZAROUCHAS DIMITRIOS
Published: December 2023

The Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in Europe (ACARE) envisages that, by 2050, all new aircraft will be designed for condition-based maintenance (CBM). This will result in a significant 40% reduction in Maintenance Repair & Overhaul (MRO) process time and costs, increase in aircraft availability, and maximization of asset utilization. The backbone of CBM is the continuous monitoring of the aircraft performance utilizing permanently installed sensors. Naturally, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays an essential role on the successful implementation of CBM as it provides the needed information for structural assessment of critical aircraft structures. This paper discusses how SHM fits into the framework of CBM and highlights the results of the European project ReMAP – Real-time CBM for adaptive Aircraft Maintenance Planning. More specifically, the consortium efforts for multi-sensing SHM system integration, data synchronization and information fusion will be presented, while emphasis will be given into the conceptual design of a SHM system that is capable of damage anomaly detection, global location identification, damage type assessment, damage severity and prognostics. Innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithms were developed during the project which enabled health diagnostics and prognostics tasks of primary structures using data collected during tests at lower structural levels. This talk will demonstrate that hierarchical testing of SHM systems and scale-up approaches are a key for putting SHM into practice and for making steps towards CBM.
ULTRASONIC SOLUTION FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING USING EMBEDDED NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Authors: CLÉMENT SIMON A. , AUBRY ALICE , FOURATI AROUSA , MARIN GRÉGOIRE , JEAN FRÉDÉRIC , MOSCA FRÉDÉRIC
Published: December 2023

A high number of actors of the space industry, including ESA (European Space Agency) and CNES (French national space agency), are engaged in a program aiming to develop future European reusable space launchers. In this context, PYTHEAS Technology develops an embedded Non-Destructive Testing (eNDT) solution aiming to ensure that strategic parts of the launcher are free of damage before a new launch. Structural damage can be detected, localized and characterized using a network of piezoelectric transmitters/receivers, embedded in the structure, which send and receive guided waves. The technique is based on a comparison between the baseline ultrasound signature of the structure and the deviation of a new ultrasound cartography from this reference. The system is tested experimentally on an aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, specifically on a section of a payload adaptor. Detection, localization and characterization of different types of structural defects are carried out experimentally, and the performances of the system are discussed.
DEBONDING DETECTION IN AEROSPACE STIFFENED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES USING ULTRAWIDEBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC TUNNELING
Authors: MEMMOLO VITTORIO , MOLL JOCHEN , KROZER VIKTOR
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel approach based on ultrawideband electromagnetic tunneling for detection of debonding in composite structures. The idea behind this approach is to place two transducers at the opposite ends of a closed section stringer and analyse wave propagation in the hollow structure to detect damage occurrence and severity. A preliminary experimental campaign is carried out at laboratory level to optimize the setup and define damage detection metrics in view of aircraft fuselage monitoring. Results show that tunnelling approach can be used to assess the presence and severity of defect when air leak is present because wave field gets altered. In particular, microwaves in the frequency band from 4-8 GHz are mostly sensitive to the defect. In addition, damage metrics allow quantifying the damage occurrence and discerning noise in measurements from actual debonding.
STUDY OF THE FIBER BRAGG’S GRATING SENSOR SENSIBILITY SUBJECTED TO HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: GAVERINA LUDOVIC , LIAPI ANASTASIA , FERNANDEZ JESUS EIRAS , MARIN EMMANUEL , RIPORTO JEREMY , VIDALOT JEOFFRAY , GIRARD SYLVAIN , ROCHE JEAN-MICHEL
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the performance of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors bonded with an cyanoacrylate adhesive to different substrate materials (titanium, aluminum, and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers) for Structural Health Monitoring applications in the aeronautical industry. The results show that thermal aging alters the adhesive layer, ultimately modifying the FBG sensor's sensing ability. A finite element model is used to study the most influential factors on the bonding agent and FBG sensor durability.