bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis bioinformático de la ruta de biosíntesis de fenilpropanoides en Gomphrena globosa para el estudio de los niveles de expresión génica
Authors: Urdiana-Arteaga Estefania del Carmen , García-López Edgar
Published: July 2018

Gomphrena globosa es una planta que produce diferentes metabolitos secundarios que son de interés debido a la actividad biológica que presentan, por ejemplo: actividad antiinflamatoria, citotóxica, antioxidante y antimicrobiana. Los principales metabolitos que se han encontrado en cultivos in vitro son fenoles simples y flavonoides. La ruta biosintética de estos compuestos es bien conocida, siendo útil como herramienta para manipulación genética al existir amplia información sobre sus genes estructurales. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente información sobre su regulación, lo que abre campo para investigar la correlación entre los niveles de expresión de los genes correspondientes y la regulación de la ruta en G. globosa, con aplicaciones en la ingeniería metabólica. Por lo tanto, se realizó un análisis bioinformático para identificar posibles enzimas candidatas que ejerzan regulación o que fueran puntos de ramificación en la ruta. Las secuencias de nucleótidos se obtuvieron de enzimas altamente relacionadas, debido a que no hay secuencias reportadas de enzimas de G. globosa al momento, sin embargo la información disponible para estas moléculas relacionadas permitió seleccionar un grupo de seis enzimas como nodos de regulación en la vía biosintética de fenilpropanoides en G. globosa. Los oligonucleótidos diseñados por homología de secuencia reunieron las consideraciones de diseño para ser utilizados en subsecuentes análisis de expresión génica y son un importante aporte a la investigación genética y de regulación metabólica en G. globosa.
Proline as a probable biomarker of cold stress tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Vera-Hernández Pedro , Ortega-Ramírez Marco Antonio , Martínez Nuñez Marcelino , Ruiz-Rivas Magali , Rosas-Cárdenas Flor de Fátima
Published: July 2018

Plants have developed physiological and molecular mechanisms to support and adapt to adverse environments. One response to abiotic stress is the accumulation of free proline (PRO). PRO can induce the expression of many genes, which have the proline-responsive element (PRE) in their promoters, nevertheless due to the complexity of interactions between stress factors and various molecular, biochemical and physiological phenomena it is still unclear whether a more efficient PRO accumulation can be considered a biomarker of tolerance in plants. In the present work, we evaluated the accumulation of PRO in two genotypes of sorghum with contrasting tolerance to cold stress. To explore the cause behind the accumulation of proline under cold stress conditions, we identified the Transcription Factors Binding Sites (TFBS) present in the promoter regions in the genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline in sorghum and other important crops, finding that the untranslated 3 'region P5CS gene contains different TFBS. We found TFBS that could allow the activation of genes involved in proline biosynthesis through the ornithine pathway under cold stress conditions, suggesting that ornithine route can be activated under cold stress conditions
Pediatrik Önkol Çift Kırıklarında Plak Osteosentez Ve Titanyum Elastik Çivi Tedavilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Genç Erdinç , Çamurcu İsmet Yalkın , Eren Erdal
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı cerrahi tedavi gerektiren çocukluk çağı önkol çift kırıklarında yaygın kullanılan iki yöntem olan plak osteosentez ve titanyum elastik çivi kullanımın fonksiyonel ve radyografik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve literatürdeki verilerle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Düzenli takipleri yapılan 36 hasta geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bu hastaların 12’sine (grup 1; 1 kız, 11 erkek; yaş dağılımı 9-15 yaş) açık redüksiyon plak-vida osteosentez, 24’üne (grup 2; 3 kız, 21 erkek; yaş dağılımı 9-14 yaş) kapalı redüksiyon intramedüller çivileme yapıldı. Yaralanmadan cerrahi müdahaleye kadar geçen ortalama süre grup 1’de 4.3 gün, grup 2’de 6.1 gün idi. Gruplar kaynama süresi, komplikasyon sayısı ve ciddiyeti ve Price kriterlerine göre değerlendirilen klinik sonuçlarına göre karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların takip süresi Grup 1’de 22.0 ay, Grup 2’de 19.7 aydı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı Grup 1’de 13.0±1.2, Grup 2’de 11.7±1.6 idi. Price kriterlerine göre her iki grupta da kötü sonuç saptanmadı. Grup 1’de mükemmel sonuç oranı %75 iken Grup 2’de mükemmel sonuç oranı %87.5 olarak saptandı. Grup 1’de kaynama süresi 7.6 hafta, Grup 2’de kaynama süresi 6.7 hafta olarak gözlendi; bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (p<0.001). Grup 1’de major komplikasyon oranı %8.3 olarak saptanırken Grup 2’de major komplikasyon saptanmadı. 

Sonuç: Sonuçlarımıza göre cerrahi tedavi gerektiren çocukluk çağı ön kol çift kırıklarında öncelikli tedavi yöntemi olarak gerek klinik sonuçlarının daha iyi olması gerekse komplikasyon sayısı ve ciddiyetinin daha az olması nedeniyle titanyum elastik çivi uygulaması tercih edilebilir.
Pulpa Replantasyonu. Olgu sunumu
Authors: Öztürk İbrahim Avşin , Turğut Mehmet Cenk , Engin Muhammed Çağatay , Köse Ahmet , BARAN Tuncay , ŞENCAN Ayşe
Published: July 2018

Parmak ucu elde en sık yaralanan bölgedir. Bu bölge ampütasyonlarında sekonder yara iyileşmesi ile tedavi planlandığında enfeksiyon ciddi bir problemdir. Ayrıca sekonder iyileşmede oluşan skar dokusu hissiz ve fonksiyonsuz parmak ucuna neden olmaktadır. Replantasyon ise bu bölgede zor bir cerrahi seçenek olmasına rağmen uygun teknik ile yapıldığında daha başarılı sonuçlar sunmaktadır. Pulpa replantasyonları teknik olarak zor olmasına rağmen kozmetik ve fonksiyonel açıdan çok iyi sonuçlar vermektedir. Özellikle başparmak pulpa ampütasyonlarında başparmaktaki uzunluk kaybı el fonksiyonlarını olumsuz etkilediği için diğer parmaklara nazaran replantasyonu ön planda düşünmek gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda başparmak total pulpa ampütasyonu olan olgumuzun replantasyon tedavisinin aşamalarını ve sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçlıyoruz.
Measurement Of Parathyroidhormone Level In Early Diagnosis Of Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: CALİS Hasan , ARİCİ Ayse Gulbin , DOGRU Volkan , ARİCİ Cumhur
Published: July 2018

Objective: Hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroid surgery. Inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands or nutritional deterioration of the parathyroid glands are the most important mechanisms that explains the reduction of postoperative parathyroid functions. In this study, postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was analyzed in order to prevent hypocalcaemia and enable the patients to be discharged safely. Methods: Preoperative calcium level, postoperative 20 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours levels, 10 days and 6 months calcium level and 20 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours PTH level and postoperative complications and histopathology results of the 85 patients who had total thyroidectomy were recorded. Patients were given calcium carbonate and/or calcitriol or they were discharged without any treatment depending on their PTH level on the postoperative 24 hours. Results: In our study, PTH levels analyzed on the postoperative 20 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours were found to be statistically significant (p:0,0001) to be able to detect hypocalcaemia in an early stage. However PTH level was found to be statistically more sensitive (%91.5) on the postoperative 20 minutes. In our study, postoperative calcium levels were not found to be significant in detecting hypocalcaemia in an early stage that may develop after total thyroidectomy. 

Conclusion: We are in the opinion that with a PTH level analyzed on the 20th postoperative minute, patients can be discharged safely 24 hours after the surgery; furthermore, we also believe that in the presence of a higher level than 10 pg/ml PTH level we will not observe postoperative hypocalcaemia symptoms.
Erişkin Tip C Distal Humerus Kırıklarına Olekranon Osteotomisi ve Paralel Plak Uygulamasının Orta Dönem Sonuçları
Authors: Bilgi İsmet , Sarı Ferdi , Büyükdoğan Halil , Sevim Cihan , Ertürk Cemil
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı AO tip C distal humerus kırığı tanısıyla cerrahi tedavi uygulanan erişkin hastanın orta dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Geriye dönük çalışmamızda, AO tip C distal humerus kırığı tanılı 20 hastaya (12 kadın, 8 erkek, ortalama yaş 44.3) posterior yaklaşım ile olekranon chevron tipi osteotomi ve Paralel Plak Vidayla tespit uygulandı. Olguların ortalama izlem süresi 74 aydı (56-94 ay). Olguların son kontrollerinde hareket aralığı ölçümü, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) ve the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score ile fonksiyonel değerlendirme yapıldı. Bulgular: MEPS ile değerlendirmede kategorik olarak; 6 olgu çok iyi, 10 olgu iyi, 2 olgu orta, 2 olgu kötü sonuç olarak belirlendi. Hastaların hareket aralığına bakıldığında ortalama fleksiyon 125.3°, ortalama ekstansiyon kaybı ise 13.8° idi. Hastaların %75’inde hareket açıklığı, fonksiyonel hareket açıklığı olarak kabul edilen 30°-130° veya üzerindeydi. DASH anketine göre ortalama skor 7.2 olarak belirlendi. Radyolojik olarak orta dönemde hiçbir hastada dirsekte artroz bulgusu ve implant gevşemesi tespit edilmedi.  Sonuç: AO tip C distal humerus kırıklarında olekranon osteotomisi ve paralel plak vida ile tespitin kabul edilebilir bir cerrahi teknik olduğu söylenebilir.
Akut iskemik inmede serum interlökin-6 düzeylerinin lezyon büyüklüğü ve erken dönem fonksiyonel kötüleşme ile ilişkisi
Authors: YILMAZ AVCI Aynur , Demir Ahmet Muzaffer , Utku Ufuk , Vural Adile Özden , EKUKLU Galip
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, akut dönemde serum İnterlökin-6 (IL-6) düzeylerinin iskemik lezyon büyüklüğü, lokalizasyonu ve hastalığın erken dönem nörolojik fonksiyonel kötüleşmesi ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya akut serebral infarkt tanısı alan 55 olgu alındı. Kontrol grubu, benzer yaş aralığında 25 sağlıklı gönüllüden oluşturuldu. Olgular BBT’de infarkt yeri ve büyüklüğüne göre dört gruba ayrıldı. Modifiye Rankin Skoru ile erken dönem fonksiyonel kötüleşme değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Serum IL-6 seviyeleri sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre tüm hasta gruplarında anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı (p=0.001). Bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisinde (BBT) büyük lezyonu olanların IL-6 düzeyleri, küçük olanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı; ancak lezyon yerleşimi açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Erken dönem fonksiyonel kötüleşmesi daha fazla olan olguların IL-6 değerleri, erken dönem fonksiyonel durumları iyi olan gruba göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. IL-6 düzeyleri ile lökosit sayısı ve fibrinojen düzeyleri arasında anlamlı zayıf korelasyon saptandı. 

Sonuç: Serum IL-6 düzeyi yüksekliğinin lezyon büyüklüğü ve erken dönem fonksiyonel kötüleşme ile ilişkili olması; IL-6’nın intratekal salındığını ve inme patofizyolojisinde önemli rol oynayabileceğini düşündürebilir. Ayrıca akut iskemik inme sonrası inflamatuvar yanıtın IL-6 ile değerlendirilmesi serebral infarkt boyutu ve erken dönem fonksiyonel kötüleşmesi hakkında fikir verebilir.
Red Cell Distribution Width and Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kocabaş Hilal , Öncel Can Ramazan , Küçük Murathan , Belgi Yıldırım Aytül , Kaçar Cahit
Published: July 2018

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between left ventricular function and red cell distribution width (RDW) measured by myocardial performance index in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Patients and Methods: The study included 35 patients with AS and 38 controls. Control group was consisted of age and gender matched individuals without any cardiologic complaint and systemic disease. Laboratory parameters including RDW tests and transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation were conducted consecutively on the entire cohort of ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy individuals. Results: In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups, in terms of general properties such as age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), body surface area, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking, serum lipid levels and blood glucose levels. ESR and CRP levels of AS group were found to be significantly higher compared to that of control group. EF and FS, which are among the parameters of systolic function, were normal in all individuals of both groups and there was no significant difference between two groups. However, myocardial performance index (MPI ) was higher in patients with AS than in controls. In addition, we showed a significant positive correlation between RDW and MPI (r: 0.372 , p: 0.001). 

Conclusion: Myocardial performance index may be useful for the early diagnosis of potential heart failure, by providing an earlier diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Also , red cell distribution width was significantly correlated with myocardial performance index in these patients.
Fakoemülsifikasyon Cerrahisinde “Nagahara Phaco-Chop” ve “Stop-And-Chop” Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Toslak Devrim , BOZKURT Salih , ACAR Suphi
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma “Nagahara phaco-chop” ve “stop-and-chop” fakoemülsifikasyon teknikleri arasındaki sonuçları ve farklılıkları araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Hastalar ve yöntem: Nagahara’nın fako-chop yöntemi ile opere edilen 47 hastanın 49 gözü stop-and-chop yöntemi uygulanan 38 hastanın 39 gözü çalışma kapsamına alındı. Bulgular: Phaco-chop tekniği uygulanan grupta ortalama fako süresi ve ortalama etkili fako süresi stop and chop yöntemi uygulanan gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. Stop-and-chop tekniği uygulanan grupta geçici stromal ödem oranı (%25.6) phaco-chop tekniği uygulanan gruba göre (%8.2) anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Phaco-chop tekniği uygulanan grupta en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliğine ulaşma zamanı (5.67±5.59 gün) stop-and-chop tekniği uygulanan gruba göre (9.39±8.20 gün) anlamlı derecede kısalmıştı. Her iki grup arasında son kontrolde elde edilen düzeltilmiş en iyi görme seviyesi açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı. 

Sonuç: Phaco-chop yöntemi fakoemülsifkasyon süresini ve enerjisini azaltır, postoperatif iyileşme sürecini hızlandırabilir fakat phaco-chop tekniği daha zordur, öğrenme süresi daha uzundur. Stop-and-chop tekniği daha çok endotel hücre kaybıyla ilişkilidir. Stop-and-chop tekniğinde daha çok ultrasonik enerji kullanılır fakat birçok fako cerrahı için uygulanması daha kolaydır.
Evaluation of Sesamoid Bone Reduction in Hallux Valgus Patients Treated With Three Different Osteotomy
Authors: Özcan Çağrı , Ozcafer Raşit , Bahar Hakan , Gürsu Sarper
Published: July 2018

Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three different osteotomies on sesamoid rotation in hallux valgus surgery. Patients and Method: 64 out of 108 patients between March 2012-January 2015 were included retrospectively. Procedure of distal chevron, proximal dome and lapidus was applied to 26,18 and 20 patients respectively. Mean age of patients was 46,6 (26-62) and mean time of follow-up was 17 months. Results: At the last follow - up of patients, the mean hallux valgus angle was 18.4º, intermetatarsal angle was 7.4 º, AOFAS score was 86.1, sesamoid rotation was 13,5. When three different osteotomies were compared in terms of preop and postop sesamoid rotation differences in terms of their ability to correct most sesamoid position within themselves, a significant difference was found in patients treated with lapidus osteotomy in terms of success of sesamoid reduction compared to both patients treated with proximal dome osteotomy (p: 0.02) and patients treated with distal chevron osteotomy (p: 0.000). There was no significant difference in the success rate of sesamoid reduction between patients with proximal dome and patients with distal chevron. (P = 0.242) 

Discussion: Patients treated with lapidus osteotomy; both sesamoid rotation angle changes and sesamoid reduction were found to be better than the other two osteotomy types. According to the study, we think that the lapidus procedure will give better results in patients with moderate and severe hallux valgus when sesamoid reduction is considered to be related to recurrence.
Arkelerin (Archaea) Patojen Olma Potansiyeli
Authors: BALTACI Nurmehir , KALKANCI Ayşe
Published: July 2018

Archaea domaini 1970’li yılların sonunda keşfedildiklerinde, sadece zorlayıcı çevre şartlarında yaşayan mikroorganizmalar olarak biliniyorlardı. Ancak mikrobiyota çalışmaları sonrasında insan vücudunda gastrointestinal sistem, ağız, deri ve ürogenital sistem gibi çeşitli bölgelerde bulundukları öğrenilmiş oldu. Archaea’ler henüz patojen olarak tanımlanmasalar da, barsak enfeksiyonları, kolon kanseri, obezite, oral enfeksiyonlar gibi pek çok hastalıkla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Archaea’lerin enfeksiyonlar ile ilişkisi hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
The Values of Bone Mineral Density in Women in Alanya and Regional Turkish Community: Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: GÜLCÜ Anıl , ÖZEN Özkan
Published: July 2018

Aim: In this study; we aimed to investigate the BMD values of healthy Turkish women living in Alanya and the region and to compare them with the studies performed in different regions of our country. Methods: The DXA results of 376 patients who met the inclusion criteria from the healthy participants who applied to Alanya Education and Research Hospital in 2017 were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the 376 participants included in the study was 62.47, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.62, and the mean vertebra t score was -1, 82 ± 2.34 while the mean hip t score was -0.93 ± 1.02. There was a statistically significant difference between the two cities in the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups. Kastamonu mean BMD was higher. No statistically significant difference was found between the two cities in the 60-69 age group, whereas there was a statistically significant difference between the two cities. In the age groups of 70-79 and 80 years, and in the age group above. The mean values of the Alanya BMD were higher. There was no statistically significant difference between the two cities in both the 40-49 age group and the 80 age group. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two cities in the 50-59 years, 60-69 years and 70-79 age groups. The mean values of Alanya BMD were higher. 

Conclusion: regional outcomes and differences are important factors in interpreting BMD values. These differences may be the effect of locally utilizing the sunlight, but may also be influenced by regional nutritional habits. In addition, the differences in DXA devices used for BMD measurement and technical standards should be taken into consideration during measurements.
Sistematik Derleme ve Meta-Analizi
Authors: ASLAN Ahmet
Published: July 2018

Sistematik Derleme ve Meta-Analizi
Analisis Proksimat dan Organoleptik Penggunaan Ikan Malaja sebagai Pembuatan Kerupuk Kemplang
Authors: Thaha Abdul Razak , Zainal Zainal , Hamid Sitti Khadijah , Ramadhan Denny Saputra , Nasrul Nasrul
Published: July 2018

Ikan Malaja hanya banyak dikonsumsi orang dewasa sehingga perlu upaya agar anak-anak dapat mengonsumsinya di masyarakat palopo. Kerupuk adalah camilan yang dapat dimakan disetiap waktu sehingga jika dijadikan kerupuk ikan yang memiliki kandungan gizi yang bermanfaat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui uji organoleptik dan proksimat dari kerupuk ikan malaja. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan menjadi 15 unit percobaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air krupuk kemplang adalah mulai 1,50–5,12%. Kadar air tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan kontrol. Kadar protein tertinggi dihasilkan dari perlakuan A4. Persentase kadar abuyang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan A4 dan terendah pada perlakuan A1. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa skor aroma yang paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan A1 yakni 3,27. Nilai Skor warna tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan A0 (kontrol). Nilai skor rasa tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan A2 dan A3. Penambahan ikan malaja sebesar 15% dan 25% sangat disukai oleh panelis. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan tertinggi pada uji proksimat berdasarkan kelompok perlakuan yaitu karbohidrat pada perlakuan, lemak pada perlakuan, protein pada perlakuan A4. Uji organoleptik dengan perlakuan terbaik pada pembuatan krupuk ikan malaja adalah perlakuan A2.
Machinery/Service system Scheduled Replacement time determination: A combine Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment, Additive Ratio Assessment and Age Replacement Model approach
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, P.M.B. 1221, Effurun, Delta State, NIGERIA., Emovon Ikuobase , Mgbemena Chinedum Ogonna ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, P.M.B. 1221, Effurun, Delta State, NIGERIA.
Published: July 2018

The productivity of manufacturing/service industries greatly depend on the safety and reliability of the machinery/service system use for production/service delivery. The safety and reliability of the system can only be guaranteed through efficient maintenance. Scheduled replacement is an integral element of maintenance strategies. The major challenge of the maintenance policy is the determination of the optimum interval for carrying out replacement of equipment item of machinery/service system. A number of approaches have been applied in the literature in addressing this problem but these techniques have one limitation or another. In this paper, an MCDM approaches which avoid these limitations is proposed. The proposed Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) with Age Replacement Model (ARM) for the determination optimum scheduled replacement time interval. The ARM for cost, reliability and downtime are aggregated using WASPAS and ARAS methods in order to rank alternative time intervals. The WASPAS and ARAS methods outputs are compared with another well-known technique in literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approaches a numerical example was applied. The result of the analysis revealed that, WASPAS and ARAS produces similar ranking for alternatives when compared with that of TOPSIS technique in the literature which is more computationally intensive, thereby validating the suitability of the proposed approaches. Keyword: Scheduled Replacement interval, WASPAS, ARAS, Age Replacement Model, decision criteria
MUHAMMAD SAW DAN PELETAKAN DASAR PERADABAN ISLAM
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Tamimi R H , Sugandi Budy
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The history of pre and post of Islamic civilization in Arabia is certainly bipolar condition. In one side, pre-Islamic civilization occurred worst behaviors such as hostility, discord, injustice, and the suppression which deconstructed tradition in the Arab nation. Of course, it was different when Muhammad (Arabic descent) was born, there was a very significant changes from the scientific case, social, economic, and other aspects. Overall, all of aspects above has been reconstructed by the miracles of the Prophet, i.e. that is holy Qur'an as a basic guidelines and in the form of Prophet behaviors, sayings and way of life which accumulated in the Hadith was capable of shifting civilization that backward into a very advanced civilization in any lines. This research tries to construct and compare the Arab civilization, pre-prophets born to Prophets had been born and brought revolutionary mission with the emergence of a new civilization, the Islamic civilization. Keywords: Arabia pre-Islamic, the life of Muhammad, Islamic Civilization Abstrak. Sejarah pra-Islam dan pasca datangnya nabi Muhammad di tengah peradaban bangsa Arab tentunya merupakan suatu kondisi yang sangat bipolar. Di satu sisi, peradaban pra-Islam banyak terjadi perilaku buruk seperti permusuhan, perselisihan, ketidakadilan, penindasan bahkan pembunuhan merupakan suatu tradisi dekonstruktif dalam tatanan bangsa Arab. Tentunya, hal ini sangat berbeda ketika Muhammad saw. (keturunan Arab) lahir, terjadi perubahan tatanan yang sangat signifikan mulai dari konsteks keilmuan, sosial, ekonomi, dan aspek-aspek lainnya. Secara kompeherensif, aspek tersebut di atas direkonstruksi dari mukjizat nabi, yakni Alquran sebagai pedoman dasar dan berupa dari tata cara berperilaku nabi, ucapan dan way of life nabi yang terakumulasi dalam hadits mampu menggeser peradaban yang terbelakang menjadi perabadan yang sangat maju di berbagai lini. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengkonstelasikan dan mengkomparasikan peradaban bangsa Arab pra Nabi hingga Nabi dilahirkan dan membawa misi revolusioner dengan munculnya peradaban baru, peradaban Islam.                         Kata Kunci: Arab pra-Islam, kehidupan Muhammad, Peradaban Islam
HADITS PEREMPUAN MELAKUKAN PERJALANAN TANPA MAH̱RAM PERSPEKTIF HERMENEUTIKA PAUL RICOEUR
Authors: Sahran Ahmad Rajafi , Hasanah Ummi
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Hadits about Mahram which related to women traveling is one of argueable social phenomenon in Islam. There are those who do textual approach and contextual approach in seeing this. Therefore, a new alternate of seeing this as responsive as in the contextual concept in discussing the hadits is required with the outline topic; how Paul Ricoeur hermeunetics sees the hadits about women traveling without mahram? The result is that the mahram role in the hadits is a concrete form of prevention to women in order to protect them from any kind of violences and harassments. The practice of prevention is done by the instruments provided by the country out of the women family member called mahram, this approach result is summarized the contextual meaning without neglecting the textual meaning of mahram. Keywords: Hadits, Mahram, Hermeunetics Paul Ricoeur Abstrak. Hadits tentang maẖram bagi perjalanan seorang perempuan merupakan salah satu fenomena sosial yang diperdebatkan di dalam Islam. Ada yang membacanya melalui pendekatan tekstual dan ada pula yang membacanya dalam kerangka kontekstual. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan alternatif bacaan baru yang dirasa responsif dalam ranah kontekstual ketika membahas hadits tersebut, dengan inti pembahasan yakni; bagaimana hermeneutika Paul Ricoeur membaca tentang hadits perempuan melakukan perjalanan tanpa maẖram? Hasilnya adalah, bahwa peran maẖram dalam hadits tesebut merupakan bentuk pencegahan secara konkrit bagi perempuan atas segala kekerasan yang akan menimpanya. Pencegahan tesebut tidak hanya dilakukan oleh keluarga dekat perempuan tapi juga oleh instrumen-instrumen yang diciptakan oleh negara dan dapat disebut pula sebagai maẖram, sehingga pendekatan ini merangkum pemaknaannya secara kontekstual namun tidak melepaskan ati maẖram  secara tekstual. Kata Kunci: Hadits, Maẖram, Hermeneutika Paul Ricoeur
RITUAL BUDAYA MANDI SAFAR DI DESA TANJUNG PUNAK PULAU RUPAT KABUPATEN BENGKALIS PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ashsubli Muhammad
Published: July 2018

Abstract. This research aims to show up the local islamic society tradition named ritual mandi safar which get focus from various community of islam itself. Ritual mandi safar represents one of local area ancestor heritage assumed can refuse misfortunes (accident, disaster and disease epidemic). However as the local tradition which is related to islam, it generate pros and contra among the society that support and also refuse it. Relating to that reason, this research aims tofind the meaning of symbol and function of ritual mandi safar for the society that support it. How far their understanding to this rittral and the adtantages for their daily life and also the role of local government to remain this tradition.Keywords : Ritual Mandi Safar, Tradition, Islamic LawAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menampilkan tradisi masyarakat Islam lokal yang dikenal dengan nama ritual mandi safar yang mendapatkan fokus dari berbagai komunitas Islam itu sendiri. Ritual mandi safar merupakan salah satu warisan leluhur yang dianggap dapat menolak kemalangan (kecelakaan, bencana dan wabah penyakit). Namun sebagai tradisi lokal yang terkait dengan Islam, itu menghasilkan pro dan kontra di antara masyarakat yang mendukung dan juga menolaknya. Berkaitan dengan alasan itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna simbol dan fungsi mandi mandi Ritual bagi masyarakat yang mendukungnya. Seberapa jauh pemahaman mereka terhadap rittral dan kecakapan ini untuk kehidupan sehari-hari mereka dan juga peran pemerintah daerah untuk mempertahankan tradisi ini.Kata Kunci: Ritual Mandi Safar, Tradisi, Hukum Islam
REAKTUALISASI DAKWAH WALI SONGO: GERAK DAKWAH KH SAID AQIL SIROJ DALAM MENEBAR ISLAM RAḤMATAL LIL ĀLAMIN
Authors: Lufaefi Lufaefi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Dakwah in the modern era, not a bit actualized by the ways of force, even up to spread hatred and rudeness. The hoax issues were made into a spear to 'legalize' the da'wah which he regarded as a very noble teaching. Because the meaning of such da'wah, as a result Islam is often blamed as a religion of terrorism. In the other, there is also a group of people who are afraid of Islam (Islamophobia). This is where the need to reconstruct da'wah models that seem radical. KH. Said Aqil Siroj, a national religious figure who now occupies the chair position of the Chairman of PBNU, has a distinctive model and movement of da'wah as actualized by Wali Songo when spreading Islam. The re-actualization of Wali Songo's teachings is echoed by KH. Said Aqil Siroj through persuasive approach, not force, keep the traditions, persistence of da'wah and reconstruct the meaning of Ahlussunah Wal Jama'ah as social values. Such a form of dakwah proved to have a devastating effect on the growth of Islamic values rahmatal lil 'alamin. Keywords: Wali Songo, KH. Said Aqil Siroj, Peace Da'wah, Islam Rahmatal Lil 'AlaminAbstrak. Dakwah di era modern sekarang, tidak sedikit diaktualisasikan dengan cara-cara memaksa, bahkan sampai dengan menebar kebencian dan kekasaran. Isu-isu hoax dijadikan tombak untuk ‘melegalkan’ dakwah yang dianggapnya sebagai ajaran yang sangat mulia. Karena pemaknaan dakwah yang demikian, akibatnya Islam sering dituding sebagai agama terorisme. Selain itu, muncul juga sekelompok orang yang takut akan Islam (Islamophobia). Di sinilah perlunya merekontruksi model-model dakwah yang terkesan radikal. KH. Said Aqil Siroj, tokoh agama Nasional yang kini menduduki kursi jabatan Ketua Umum PBNU, memiliki model dan gerak dakwah yang khas sebagaimana diaktualisasikan oleh Wali Songo ketika menyebarkan agama Islam. Reaktualisasi ajaran Wali Songo digemakan kembali oleh KH. Said Aqil Siroj melalui pendekatan persuasif, tidak memaksa, menjaga tradisi-budaya, kegigihan berdakwah dan merekonstruksi pemaknaan Ahlussunah Wal Jama’ah sebagai nilai-nilai sosial. Wujud dakwah demikian terbukti memberi efek dahsyat terhadap tumbuhnya nilai-nilai Islam rahmatal lil ‘alamin.Kata Kunci: Wali Songo, KH. Said Aqil Siroj, Dakwah Perdamaian, Islam Rahmatal Lil ‘Alamin.
METODE PENDIDIKAN KAJIAN AGAMA DI UNIVERSITAS: SEBUAH ALTERNATIF
Authors: Syarif Ubed Abdilah , Mantu Rahman
Published: July 2018

Abstract. This paper offers “Religous Studies” approach as an alternative in religious education within universities in Indonesia that emphasized discussing religions from the various perspective of social sciences. Goals of this approach are preparing students to have more diverse knowledge on religions not limited on his or her own belief, encouraging dialogue between people of different religious beliefs, sharing spiritual experiences and engaging in religious pluralism. This approach is applied in a class that is attended by students whatever religious affiliations. Instead of applying religious education term of the government (Ministry of research, technology and Higher Education) which is insisting religious education in particularistic method, religious studies approach is more relevant prior to current Indonesia’s social and political situation. This paper argues that students  need to be introduced into more inclusive views and attitudes in their religious life. Keywords: Religious Studies, Education, PluralismAbstrak. Artikel ini membahas sebuah alternatif dari salah satu mata kuliah pendidikan karakter yang wajib diambil oleh mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi yang berada di bawah naungan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (Kemenristek Dikti), yaitu Pendidikan Agama. Melalui metode penelitian tindakan (action research), penulis mengaplikasikan pengajaran Pendidikan Agama dalam bentuk pendekatan Kajian Agama (Religious Studies). Sementara, kurikulum yang disusun oleh Kemenristek Dikti menganjurkan agar Pendidikan Agama dijalankan secara partikularistik, yaitu mengajarkan agama sesuai dengan agama yang dianut oleh mahasiswa sesuai dengan Undang-Undang mengenai Pendidikan Nasional. Pendekatan kajian agama  menggabungkan mahasiswa dari berbagai latar belakang agama dan mempelajari agama (agama-agama) secara umum dalam satu kelas dengan tujuan membuka wawasan tentang keagamaan di luar agama yang dianut, berbagi pengalaman spiritual dan pemahaman konsepsi nilai universal agama, serta mendapatkan keterampilan dialog lintas iman (interfaith dialogue). Hasil dari aplikasi pendekatan ini tercermin dari refleksi para mahasiswa yang banyak mengalami transformasi ke arah pemahaman agama yang lebih inkusif.Kata Kunci: Kajian Agama, Toleransi, Pluralisme
A Concise History of Petrogal (Portuguese Oil Company): An Essay
Authors: Martins Paulo Nuno
Published: July 2018

This essay is intended to be a review of the main
events that contributed to the appearance of the first
Portuguese oil companies (Sonap, Sacor, Cidla, Petrosul),
as well as to the creation and development of Petrogal
(Portuguese oil company) which led to the emergence of
Galp Energy (current Portuguese oil company).
The History of Cimpor (Portuguese Cement Company): A Contribution to the History of Science
Authors: Martins Paulo Nuno
Published: July 2018

This article is intended to describe the concise
history of the first Portuguese cements companies (Mining
and Industrial Company of Cabo Mondego, General
Company of Lime and Cements of Rasca, Cement
Company of Tejo, Company of Maceira-Liz, Company of
White Cements, Northern Cement Company, South
Cement Company) that contributed to the emergence of
Cimpor SGPS (current Portuguese cement company).
Risk Management in Construction Project
Authors: Raj Mahi , Wadsamudrakar Nakul Kumar
Published: July 2018

This article is intended to describe the concise
history of the first Portuguese cements companies (Mining
and Industrial Company of Cabo Mondego, General
Company of Lime and Cements of Rasca, Cement
Company of Tejo, Company of Maceira-Liz, Company of
White Cements, Northern Cement Company, South
Cement Company) that contributed to the emergence of
Cimpor SGPS (current Portuguese cement company).Risks have a significant impact on a construction
project’s performance in terms of cost, time and quality. As
the size and complexity of the projects have increased, an
ability to manage risks throughout the construction process
has become a central element preventing unwanted
consequences. How risks are shared between the project
actors is to a large extent governed by the procurement
option and the content of the related contract documents.
Therefore, selecting an appropriate project procurement
option is a key issue for project actors.
The overall aim of this research is to increase the
understanding of risk management in the different
procurement options: design-bid-build contracts, designbuild
contracts and collaborative form of partnering. Deeper
understanding is expected to contribute to a more effective
risk management and, therefore, a better project output and
better value for both clients and contractors. The study
involves nine construction projects recently performed in
Sweden and comprises a questionnaire survey and a series of
interviews with clients, contractors and consultants involved
in these construction projects.
The findings of this work show a lack of an iterative
approach to risk management, which is a weakness in current
procurement practices. This aspect must be addressed if the
risk management process is to serve projects and, thus, their
clients. The absence of systematic risk management is
especially noted in the programme phase, where it arguably
has the greatest potential impact. The production phase is
where most interest and activity are to be found. As a matter
of practice, the communication of risks between the actors
simply does not work to the extent that it must if projects are
to be delivered with certainty, irrespective of the form of
procurement.
A clear connection between the procurement option
and risk management in construction projects has been
found. Traditional design-bid-build contracts do not create
opportunities for open discussion of project risks and joint
risk management. A number of drivers of and obstacles to
effective risk management have been explored in the study.
Every actor’s involvement in dialogue, effective
communication and information exchange, open attitudes and trustful relationship are the factors that support open
discussion of project risks and, therefore, contribute to
successful risk management.
Based on the findings, a number of recommendations
facilitating more effective risk management have been
developed for the industry practitioners.
Performance Evaluation of Concrete by using Sisal Fibre and Bamboo Fibre
Authors: Hoda Md Azhar , Patil Premit Kumar
Published: July 2018

Concrete is the most widely used material
throughout the world. Concrete is a brittle material which
is good in compression but it is weak in tension, this leads
to the formation of cracks, these cracks extend and reach
the compression phase and finally the member breaks.
Cracks are the major reason for the failure of the
structure. Many attempts have been made to improve the
tensile strength of concrete. It becomes necessary to find a
best method to improve the strength of concrete by
replacing cement with some natural material. So to
increase the tensile strength and compressive strength of
concrete, technique of introduction of natural fibres in
concrete has been done. The fibres are distributed
randomly in a uniform manner. The post cracking response
of concrete can be nullified with the addition of natural
fibres into concrete. This is known as natural fibre
reinforced concrete. Replacement of cement by 0, 0.5, 1,
1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% of natural fibres. The wet concrete mix
will be tested for workability and concrete specimens like
Cubes, Cylinders and Beams will be cast to determine the
Compressive strength, tensile strength and Flexural
strength respectively. Addition of natural fibre were done
for M30 and M25 mix. The specimens were tested for 28
days.The test results showed increment in the all
properties of concrete compared to conventional concrete.
In M30 Grade concrete there was 18.17% increase in
compressive strength compared to conventional concrete,
highest value of compressive strength was obtained for
1.5% and for 2% addition of natural fibres for M25 grade
concrete has shown a increment by 10.6% compared to
conventional concrete. In M30 grade concrete, the highest
tensile strength was obtained for 1% addition of natural
fibres, compared to conventional concrete there was a
increment of 9.75% and in M25 grade concrete the
strength was highest for 1.5% addition of fibres, there was
7.63% increment compared to conventional concrete. The
highest value of flexural strength was obtained for 1% of
addition of natural fibres to M30 grade concrete and the
increment was by 10% compared to conventional concrete.
In M25 grade concrete the highest value was obtained for
1% addition of fibres and the increment was by 7%
compared to conventional concrete.
Preparation of QMS Manual and its Implementation - A Case Study
Authors: Nag Apoorwa , Soni Kapil
Published: July 2018

ISO standards of 9000 family assist in designing
and implementing quality management system in an
organization. QMS increases the efficiency and
effectiveness of organization's ability to meet customer,
statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the
product and the organizations own requirements. It also
helps in systematic planning, organizing, monitoring and
verifying of the process thus reducing needless capital,
increasing productivity, ensuring quality in process and
product.In this thesis a quality management system
manual and the necessary formats are prepared for a
company which is not ISO certified, taking them a step
closer to certification process. The manual is prepared as
per the requirement of ISO 9001.2008 standard and the
company’s scope. ISO 9001.2008 and ISO 9000.2005
standards were referred for the preparation of the manual,
where ISO 9000 states the fundamentals and vocabulary of
QMS and ISO 9001 states the requirements in quality
management system. ISO 9001 is the only certifying
standard in ISO 9000 family. These standard guides the
organization in implementing, maintaining, monitoring,
improving QMS to meet the customer, statutory and
regulatory requirements. Via visiting the organization,
understanding the organizations scope of work, process
and procedures adopted in the firm, collecting the required
documents and data and integrating these process,
procedures and formats a Quality manual is prepared. By
implementing the manual, adopting the procedures and
documenting the process and progress the performance of
the organization can be improved. If interested the
organization can go ahead with certification process after
fully implementing ISO process.
Teaching Programming to Non-Programmers at Undergraduate Level
Authors: Noshin Juena Ahmed , Ahmed Syed Ishteaque
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on solving the problems faced by
non-IT (Information Technology) background students at
undergraduate level in learning programming language who
are at the same time non-native English language speakers. In
this regard a step by step methodology has been proposed
here which try to take into account the difficulties faced by
this particular niche of programmers and counteract them
with possible solutions. Following this approach may help
lower the problems faced by the non-IT background students
to some extent and fulfill their aim in being professional or
conversational or end- user programmers according to their
career choices
Improvement of Tensile Properties of Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene by Incorporation of Calcium Carbonate Particles
Authors: Ma’ali Raed , Sawalha Shadi , Surkhi Omar , Hamarsheh Amani , Yacoub Sabreen , . Samah
Published: July 2018

Plastics are used in versatile applications including
automobile, packaging, piping and house goods, these huge
uses attribute in the consumption of the oil reserves and the
emerged waste harm the environment when it disposed
irregularly. Recycling of plastics is one of the realistic
solutions to the aforementioned problems and to reduce
production cost. However, the reduction in mechanical
properties of recycled plastics limit their use and thus
reinforced plastics become popular because of their high
mechanical, physical and thermal properties. The effects of
calcium carbonate content from 0 to 15 wt.% on the tensile
properties of recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE)
were tested, the addition of calcium carbonate particles up to
15 wt.% was found to enhance the tensile strength and
modulus of elasticity of RLDPE samples. Three calcium
carbonate particle sizes (80, 200 and 500 µm) were mixed
with RLDPE to investigate the effect of particles size on the
tensile properties of RLDPE, it was found that the addition of
small filler particles resulted in a noticeable improvement of
tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of RLDPE
compared with large filler particles. It was also observed that
the addition of stearic acid slightly improves tensile
properties of RLDPE which may be related to improvement
of the interfacial adhesion between the filler and RLDPE. The
crystallization temperature and the degree of crystallinity of
RLDPE were increased by the addition of 7.5 wt.% calcium
carbonate particles because they act as nucleating agents.
Impact of Mathematics Anxiety on Undergraduate Mathematics Students
in a Gulf Country
Authors: AlMuharraqi Maitham , Toworfe George
Published: July 2018

Mathematics anxiety has been established to
negatively influence students’ learning experiences in
Mathematics. There is, however, no data available on this
condition in undergraduate students in any of the Gulf
countries in the region. This study therefore seeks to bridge
the knowledge gap about how Mathematics anxiety influences
learners in undergraduate Mathematics programmed in a
GCC country. Researchers constructed a measurement scale
comprising two sections: where the first section addresses
Mathematics anxiety among undergraduate leaners in the
course of studying mathematics and the second section relates
to the levels of anxiety exhibited by learners when taking
assessments. The scale was modified from the original
Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) model. The data
obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics and onesample
t-test at 95% level of confidence. The results suggest
that most learners exhibit high to extreme levels of anxiety
while taking Mathematics assessments, whereas they showed
moderate to low levels of Mathematics anxiety while studying
Mathematics, although some of the learners did exhibit
extreme anxiety levels while studying the subject.
Analisis Sinyal Seismik Tremor Harmonik dan Tremor Spasmodik Gunungapi Semeru, Jawa Timur – Indonesia
Authors: Wildani Arin , Maryanto Sukir , Susilo Adi
Published: July 2018

Tremor vulkanik merupakan salah satu aktivitas seismik yang biasa terekam di sekitar gunungapi aktif yang dapat menjadi tanda akan adanya suatu letusan. Salahsatu cara untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari aktivitas sutu gunungapi yaitu dengan analisis spektral. Penelitian ini menggunakan data aktivitas seismik gunungapi Semeru yang terekam pada tahun 2009 di tiga stasiun seismik yaitu Leker, Tretes dan Besukbang. Seleksi data dilakukan dengan memilih sinyal yang memiliki kenampakan sinyal yang bagus pada ketiga stasiun. Berdasarkan kenampakan sinyal, data hasil seleksi diklasifikasi kedalam dua kelompok yaitu tremor spasmodik dan tremor harmonik. Analisis spektral dilakukan dengan menerapkan Fast Fourier Transform pada sinyal yang terpilih. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan frekuensi tremor spasmodik G. Semeru berkisar 1,56 Hz - 1,86 Hz dan frekuensi dasar dari tremor harmonik berkisar antara 1,14 - 2,50 Hz. Kejadian tremor vulkanik di gunung Semeru diduga merupakan hasil osilasi gas didalam pipa konduit, dimana kestabilan pulsa tekanan yang terdapat didalam pipa konduit menghasilkan tremor harmonik dan jika kestabilan itu tidak dicapai maka menjadi sumber munculnya tremor spasmodik
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI CALON PENDIDIK KIMIA MELALUI ITEM RESPONSE THEORY: STRATEGI MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto
Published: July 2018

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang urgensi Item Respons Theory (IRT) sebagai alat analisis yang terstandardisasi secara internasional. Pentingnya penggunaan IRT perlu ditekankan, mengingat analisis menggunakan pendekatan ini akan menghasilkan parameter butir yang terstandar, sehingga kemampuan subjek (siswa) yang diukur dapat diperbandingkan dan diinterpretasi dengan mudah. Desain penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur, dengan menganalisis kemungkinan kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh calon-calon pendidik kimia di Indonesia. Hal ini diperlukan karena dalam menghadapi persaingan dunia kerja pada era Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA), pendidikan kimia dituntut dapat meluluskan calon-calon pendidik yang dapat bersaing secara kompetitif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa salah satu bekal dalam bersaing secara internasional, calon pendidik kimia wajib memiliki kompetensi untuk membuat instrumen pengukuran kimia yang terstandar. Instrumen terstandar dapat memberikan kesalahan pengukuran yang minimal, sehingga hasil pengukuran menjadi lebih cermat.