bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Institutionalization of Reason
Authors: Rauscher Frederick
Published: March 2011

Kant's description of an enlightened society as involving the free use of reason in public debate has received due attention in recent work on Kant. When thinking of Kant's view of Enlightenment, one now conjures up the image of free persons speaking their mind in what is now often called the ‘public sphere’. Jürgen Habermas is well known for taking Kant to be committed to wide participation of individuals in public debate. Kant's own suggestion for a motto for the Enlightenment, ‘Sapere aude’, seems to speak to all citizens when urging them to ‘Have courage to make use of yourownunderstanding’ (8: 35).
Rational Nature as the Source of Value
Authors: Hills Alison
Published: March 2011

The most prominent recent interpretations of Kantian ethics place rational nature at the centre of the theory: I must respect rational nature, whether in myself or in others, because rational nature has a special status as the source of all other values. It is not obvious what it is for something to be the source of value, nor whether rational nature could play this role, but until these issues are settled the coherence of Kantian ethics is in question. In this article I offer an explanation of what it is for rational nature to be the source of value, I show that this claim is an important element of Kant's moral theory, and I defend this conception of value.
COMBINED NATURAL CONVECTION COOLING OF A DRINK CAN
Authors: JIRACHEEWANUN S. , ARMFIELD S. W. , BEHNIA M.
Published: March 2011

We investigate natural convection cooling of the fluid in a drink can placed in a refrigerator by simulating the full combined boundary layer system on the can wall. The cylindrical can is filled with water at initial nondimensional temperature 0, and located within a larger cylindrical container filled with air at initial temperature −1. The outer container walls are maintained at constant temperature −1. Initially both fluids are at rest. Two configurations are examined: the first has the inner can placed vertically in the middle of the outer container with no contact with the outer container walls, and the second has the inner can placed vertically at the bottom of the outer container. The results are compared to those obtained by assuming that the inner can walls are maintained at a constant temperature, showing similar basic flow features and scaling relations, but with very different proportionality constants.
Next-Gen sequencing of the transcriptome of triticale
Authors: Xu Y. , Badea C. , Tran F. , Frick M. , Schneiderman D. , Robert L. , Harris L. , Thomas D. , Tinker N. , Gaudet D. , Laroche A.
Published: March 2011

Triticale possesses favourable agronomic attributes originating from both its wheat and rye progenitors, including high grain and biomass yields. Triticale, primarily used as animal feed in North America, is an excellent candidate for production of industrial bio-products. Little is known about the coordination of gene expression of rye and wheat genomes in this intergeneric hybrid, but significant DNA losses from the parental genomes have been reported. To clarify the regulation of gene expression in triticale, we carried out 454 sequencing of cDNAs obtained from root, leaf, stem and floral tissues in different lines of triticale and rye exhibiting different phenotypes and assembled reads into contigs. Related to the data assembly were the absence of reference genomes and the paucity of rye sequences in GenBank or other public databases. Consequently, we have sequenced cDNA libraries from roots, seedlings, leaves, floral tissues and immature seeds to facilitate the identification of triticale sequences originating from rye. To further characterize the wheat-derived cDNAs, we also developed a database close to 25,000 non-redundant full-length wheat coding sequence genes, based on existing databases and contigs that were verified against protein sequences from the grass genomes of Brachypodium distachyon, rice, sorghum and maize.
Communication systems operating in the 60 GHz ISM band: Overview
Authors: Grass Eckhard , Tittelbach-Helmrich Klaus , Choi Chang-Soon , Winkler Frank , Ohlemüller Thilo , Kraemer Rolf
Published: March 2011

This paper gives an overview of frequency regulation, standardization, and applications of 60 GHz communication systems. Based on forecasted developments of mobile IP traffic, the motivation for investigating circuits, and systems for the 60 GHz band is underlined. Some physical properties of 60 GHz radio waves are outlined and implications on potential applications are sketched. The current international and European frequency regulation aspects are presented. The main parameters of three different international standards are summarized and compared with each other. Details of channel spacing and channel bonding are given. Based on the investigation of different applications, the main system requirements are derived. Finally, some information on protocol issues and system integration aspects are given.
Reconfigurable radar transmitter based on photonic microwave signal generation
Authors: Laghezza Francesco , Berizzi Fabrizio , Capria Amerigo , Cacciamano Andrea , Serafino Giovanni , Ghelfi Paolo , Bogoni Antonella
Published: March 2011

In this paper we propose a photonic technique for a reconfigurable microwave signal generation based on the beating of two laser modes coming from a regenerative fiber mode-locked laser (FMLL) into a photodiode. The excellent performance of this kind of pulsed laser guarantees high stability on the directly generated microwave signal even at ultrahigh frequencies (up to W band). Therefore, by using the proposed architecture, the performance of a reconfigurable full digital coherent radar system can be enhanced for example in terms of moving target indicator (MTI) improvement factor and analog to digital converter maximum signal to noise ratio. Differently from the conventional radar oscillators, whose performance strongly deteriorate with increasing frequencies, the photonic radio frequency (RF) generation always shows an excellent spectral purity. Moreover, thanks to the achievable high repetition rates and the coherence properties of the FMLL, this laser scheme has also been proposed for digitizing, directly at RF, the received signal by electro-optical sampling. Thus the advantage of using just one device for signal generation in both the transmitter and receiver chain, makes the proposed solution a cost-effective architecture for microwave signal generation.
Highly integrated antennas and front-ends for 60 GHz WLAN applications
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez Marta , Oikonomopoulos-Zachos Christos , Maulwurf Kai , Wollenschläger Frank , Stephan Ralf , Hein Matthias A. , Xia Lei , Müller Jens , Estañ Carlos , Dombrowski Kai , Branković Veselin , Radović Dušan
Published: March 2011

This paper provides an overview of the research carried on in the EASY-A project concerning the design of antennas for different applications in the unlicensed band around 60 GHz, and their integration into compact RF front-ends. Different antenna configurations, in conventional microwave substrate and low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), were studied and fabricated. The results comply with the requirements established for various scenarios.
Événements de Dalmatie
Authors: d'Arneth F.-H.
Published: March 2011

Ma communication sera très-courte cette fois. Vous savez qu'en Dalmatie tout est revenu à l'état normal. Voilà done la fin naturelle de l'activité de notre association dans cette province.
Allemagne du Nord
Authors: de Pless Prince
Published: March 2011

Le talent d'organisation dont la Prusse vient de faire preuve, dans les mémorables événements de ces derniers jours, a, sans doute, largement contribué aux succès rapides qu'elle a obtenus. Aussi l'examen des différentes formes par lesquelles cette aptitude s'est manifestée, est-il un sujet d'étude des plus instructifs.
Suisse
Authors: Aeby
Published: March 2011

Le Comité central de secours pour les militaires suisses s'imposa trois tâches différentes:

1° Coopération au service sanitaire de l'armée suisse;

2° Secours aux families des militaires appelés sous les drapeaux;

3° Enfin, dans la mesure de ses forces, secours aux blessés des armées belligérantes;
Ajournement de la Conférence de Vienne
Authors: von Arneth F.-H. Ritter
Published: March 2011

La Société patriotique autrichienne de secours aux soldats blessés, veuves et orphelins de militaires, a, par sa circulaire du 31 mars 1870, notifié à tous les comités de secours, à tous les journaux qui s'occupent de cette œuvre philanthropique, enfin à tous ceux qui y portent de l'intérét, le modus procedendi pour réunir à Vienne, en 1871, une Conférence de tous les comités de secours, Elle a, en outre, invité les dits organes à lui soumettre, dans le délai de trois mois, leurs observations tendant à modifier ses propositions, afin que les travaux préliminaires pour la Conférence pussent commencer après ce délai.
Nouveau moyen d'extraction et de diagnostic des projectiles en fonte et en plomb a noyau de fer
Authors: Milliot B.
Published: March 2011

L'extraction des corps étrangers des plaies d'armes à feu est une des plus urgentes indications de la chirurgie d'armée, et pas un chirurgien n'ignore combien il est difficile, dans certains cas, de rechercher et d'extraire les projectiles portés par une arme à feu dans le corps humain.
Assemblée générale de la Société suédoise
Authors: de Pauli Gustave
Published: March 2011

L'assemblée générale de la Société suédoise a eu lieu le 19 octobre dernier, sous la présidence de S. A. R. le prince Oscar, président de la Société. Parmi les personnes présentes à cette réunion, on remarquait S. A. R. la duchesse d'Ostrogothie, avec sa suite, Mmes les ambassadrices Fournier et Richshoffen, spécialement invitées par le Comité, le ministre de la guerre, S. E. le ministre d'Etat de Norwége, plusieurs autres notabilités militaires et civiles, ainsi qu'un grand nombre de médecins.
Ajournement de la Conférence de Vienne
Authors: von Arneth F. H. Ritter
Published: March 2011

La Société patriotique autrichienne de secours n'a pas un seul moment perdu de vue la mission, — à elle déférée par la Conférence internationale des sociétés de secours, qui eut lieu à Berlin en avril 1869, — de convoquer à Vienne la prochaine Conférence des sociétés de secours.
Correspondance de Berlin
Authors: Augusta
Published: March 2011

M. Hass, premier vice-président du Comité central allemand, nous communique les nouvelles suivantes:
Assemblée générale de la Société française
Authors: Delaporte A
Published: March 2011

Permettez-moi de résumer cette lettre dans l'exposé sommaire de la dernière assemblée générale.
Les Blessés espagnols
Authors: Moynier G.
Published: March 2011

Nous venons, à la requête de l' Assemblée ou Comité central de la Croix rouge de Madrid, attirer votre attention sur les événements dont l'Espagne est actuellement le théâtre.
L'Ambulance roumaine en Serbie
Authors: Ghika Nicolas Ch.
Published: March 2011

Le Comité roumain nous adresse le compte rendu suivant des opéations:de l'ambulance de la Croix rouge roumaine, pendant la guerre turco-serbe:

L'ambulance de la Croix rouge de Roumanie est partie de Bucharest le 13 juillet 1876. Arrivée à Turno-Severin, elle a été forcée d'y faire une halte de six jours, à la suite d'un ordre du ministre des affaires étrangères, provoqué par le refus du gouvernement ottoman de garantir la neutralité de l'ambulance.
La Société suédoise en 1880
Authors: Leijonhufvud A.-G. , von Heijne Axel
Published: March 2011

Pendant I'année qui vient de s'écouler, le Comité n'a pas eu a travailler en vue du but direct de la Société. L'instruction des infirmières a continué, sur le même plan que jusqu'ici, à « l'Hôpital public et de Sahlgren », à GothembOurg, sous la surveillance immediate de l'excellente et habile directrice, Mlle Emma Klingberg, si précieuse surtout par l'exemple incessant d'ordre et de fidélité au devoir qu'elle donne à ses élèves.
Le petit dictionnaire pour l'infirmier volontaire des blessés en guerre
Authors: Torelli Louis
Published: March 2011

La première des batailles livrées dans la seconde moitié de notre siècle qui ait épouvanté, par le nombre des victimes, fut celle Solferino. De part et d'autre, douze mille cadavres jonchèrent une étendue de quinze kilomètres; le chiffre des blessés s'éleva à près de vingt mille.
Réunion des sociétés de secours allemandes à Nuremberg
Authors: de Sydow R.
Published: March 2011

Le Comité central des sociétés allemandes de secours aux militaires blessés et malades en campagne, reliées entre elles par la convention du 20 Avril 1869, s'est rassemblé le 9 et le 18 juin de cette année et a décidé de tenir à Nuremberg une réunion des sociétés de secours allemandes, dans laquelle on discutera uniquement sur des questions pratiques d'égale importance, soit quant aux préparatifs en vue de la guerre, soit quant à l'activité des sociétés en temps de paix
La convention de Genève pendant la guerre franco-allemande
Authors: Moynier G
Published: March 2011

La neutralité conférée au personnel hospitalier n'implique pas forcément celle des locaux qu'il occupe, ni celle des objets dont il se sert. (dependant, les intentions humanitaires du législateur ne seraient qu'imparfaitement remplies, si la Convention ne contenait pas des dispositions protectrices du matériel aussi bien que des individus; les articles 1 et 4, et l'article 3 additionnel qui régissent cette matière, sont donc le complément naturel des articles 2 et 3 que j'ai déjà étudiés, ainsi que des articles additionnels 1 et 2 qui s'y rattachent. Quant à l'article 7, qui est d'une nature mixte, j'y reviendrai dans ce chapitre quoique j'en aie parlé dans le précédent
L'exposition d'hygiène et de sauvetage
Authors: Dr Appia
Published: March 2011

Avant d'entrer dans les détails je vous dirai, d'une manière générale, qu'au milieu de cette exposition, si intéressante a tant d'égards et si bien réussie, les objets destinés aux secours pour les blessés occupent une place considérable et fort honorable.
Remerciements de la Société bulgare
Authors: Moynier G. , Ador G.
Published: March 2011

C'est à la requête de la Société bulgare de la Croix-Rouge que nous vous adressons ces lignes. La circulaire que nous avons lancée le 20 novembre dernier, pour solliciter les secours de l'étranger en sa faveur, ayant été favorablement accueillie par la plupart des Comités centraux, celui de Sofia désire que nous fassions part de sa gratitude aux Sociétés qui lui ont tendu une main fraternelle.
La Société hellénique en 1885
Authors: Le Comité
Published: March 2011

Messieurs, avant d'aborder le récit des travaux du Conseil d'administration de notre Société, nous croyons qu'il est de notre devoir de vous faire part de la grande perte que la Croix-Rouge hellénique a faite en la personne de notre honorable vice-président, M. Charalambos Pretenderis Typaldos, décédé subilement dans la matinée du 30 décembre de l'année dernière. II fut un homme remarquable et un médecin animé d'un grand amour pour son prochain. Il a rendu de grands services à l'humanité souffrante et contribué aux progrès de la science médicale en Grèce, par son enseignement basé sur la longue expérience qu'il avait acquise au chevet des malades. Il fit honneur à sa patrie par des ouvrages scientifiques qui le firent connaître aussi en Occident. Il était entièrement dévoué à la Croix-Rouge hellénique, dont il avait été l'un des fondateurs
Accession a la Convention de Genève
Authors: Forrer L
Published: March 2011

Nous avons l'honneur de vous remetlre deux exemplaires de la note en date du 19 de ce mois, par laquelle le Conseil fédéral nonotifle l'accession des Etats-Unis du Mexique à la Convention de Genève du 22 aoùt 1864, à tous les Etals signataires de cet acte international ou y ayant adhéré par la suite.
Les baraques transportables döcker pendant la guerre russo-japonaise
Authors: Ferriére
Published: March 2011

Nous avons consacré, il y a quelques mois, un article à décrire la construction de baraques transportables système Döcker et les services qu'elles peuvent rendre au cours d'une expédition ou d'une campagne. Le Dr Colmers, membre de l'expédition de la Croix-Rouge allemande, à Karbine, a été à même de se rendre compte de visu de l'excellence de leur fonctionnement et il le constate dans le périodique allemand Das Rote Kreuz.
La lutte contre les épidémies et la réunion projetée en 1914
Authors: d'Espine Adolphe , Ador Gustave
Published: March 2011

Notre 152me circulaire, du 20 septembre 1913, vous soumettait une demande de la Société autrichienne de la Croix-Rouge, tendant à l'examen de la question de l'activité de la Croix-Rouge dans la lutte contre les épidémies en temps de guerre.
La seconde guerre balkanique. Protestations et réclamations.
Authors: Patrikios B. , Makkas M. G.
Published: March 2011

Notre dernier Bulletin mentionnait sommairement les réclamations que nous avions reçues du Croissant-Rouge concernant des actes contraires à la Convention de Genève qui auraient été commis par les armées grecque et bulgare.
Secours aux militaires renvoyés de I'armée pour cause de tuberculose
Authors: Bouloumié P , Pérouse D. S.
Published: March 2011

On se souvient du rapport trés remarqué que notre collaborateur, M. le Dr Ferrière, a présenté à la Conférence de Londres en 1907 sur la participation de la Croix-Rouge à la lutte contre la tuberculose. Il concluait que la Croix-Rouge, organe de l'assistance civile auprès de l'armée, était désignée en première ligne pour servir d'intermédiaire entre les services sanitaires de l'armée et les organismes institués dans chaque pays pour la lutte antituberculeuse, et souhaitait que cette participation de la Croix-Rouge s'appliquât plus particulièrement aux individus rejetés de l'armée.
Loi du 21 Janvier 1914 sur la protection de l'emblême et du nom de la Croix-Rouge
Authors: Ractivan C. D. , Constantin R. , Demertzis C.
Published: March 2011

Article premier. — Seule la Croix-Rouge hellénique (Société de secours aux blessés pendant la guerre) a le droit, en dehors de l'intendance sanitaire de l'Etat, de se servir de l'emblème de la Croix-Rouge sur fond blanc avec les mots Croix-Rouge comme nom ou pour la désignation de son activité.
Personnel du Comité central
Authors: Simitch G.-S. , Andonovitch. Milan-F.
Published: March 2011

Le Comité central de la Croix-Rouge serbe a l'honneur de vous informer qu'en suite de la démission donnée par son honorable président, M. le conseiller d'Etat Vouïovitch, le vice-président, M. Georges S. Simitch, ancien agent diplomatique et consul général, a été élu président du Comité central de la Croix-Rouge serbe.
Violation de la Convention de Genève appliquée a la marine
Authors: Obolensky Prince A. , de Véliaminoff-Zérnoff S.
Published: March 2011

Nous avons reçu du Comité central russe de la Croix-Rouge la protestation suivante. Nous ne manquons pas de la publier dans notre Bulletin, mais, fidéles à nos traditions d'impartialité, nous laissons grande ouverte la porte aux explications et justifications que le Comité de Tokio pourrait avoir a faire entendre.
Improvisation des moyens de transport des blessés
Authors: Ferrière
Published: March 2011

Das Rote Kreuz a poursuivi depuis février 1904 jusqu'à la fin de l'année 1905, dans ses colonnes, l'étude des principaux modèles se rapportant aux moyens de transports improvisés. Cette étude, due à la plume très compétente du regretté colonel Isler, instructeur en chef du corps sanitaire suisse, esl enrichie d'excellentes et nombreuses figures dans le texte, faites avec la collaboration financière du Comité central de la Croix-Rouge suisse. Par la clarté du texte en même temps que par la précision des planches, la publication du colonel Isler est un modèle dans son genre. Aussi nous félicitons-nous d'apprendre la récente publication de ce travail sous forme de brochure, car sa dissémination en une série de non moins de 23 articles séparés dans Das Rote Kreuz, per mettait difficilement d'en apprécier les qualités et l'excellente ordonnance. Ce petit manuel du brancardier improvisateur fait honneur au corps sanitaire et à la Croix-Rouge suisses et restera comme un monument vivant de l'activité infatigable et féconde de l'homme excellent et distingué qui y a attaché son nom.
Communications de la Société italienne
Authors: Moynier G. , Ador G.
Published: March 2011

A la requête du Comité central italien, nous avons l'honneur de vous offrir de sa part la brochure ci-jointe, rédigée par lui et largement répandue pour faire connaître l'Association italienne de la Croix-Rouge à ceux qui y sont le plus directement intéressés.
Memory Complaints and Prospective Memory Performance across the Lifespan
Authors: Zöllig Jacqueline , Sutter Christine , Mattli Florentina , Eschen Anne
Published: March 2011

The frequency of prospective and retrospective memory failures from six age groups was gathered using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Objective performance measures were obtained with a laboratory prospective memory task. Findings revealed more prospective than retrospective memory complaints in all age groups except in young children. While overall reported memory failures were similar in the adult groups, fewer failures were reported for the two children groups. This might either be explained by a self-other rater bias or by the PRMQ not being well suited to assess memory failures of children. No correlations of complaints with performance measures were found in either age group except in older children for whom surprisingly more complaints were related to better performance.
Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream‐catchment connections
Authors: Bencala Kenneth E. , Gooseff Michael N. , Kimball Briant A.
Published: March 2011

Although surface water and groundwater are increasingly referred to as one resource, there remain environmental and ecosystem needs to study the 10 m to 1 km reach scale as one hydrologic system. Streams gain and lose water over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Large spatial scales (kilometers) have traditionally been recognized and studied as river‐aquifer connections. Over the last 25 years hyporheic exchange flows (1–10 m) have been studied extensively. Often a transient storage model has been used to quantify the physical solute transport setting in which biogeochemical processes occur. At the longer 10 m to 1 km scale of stream reaches it is now clear that streams which gain water overall can coincidentally lose water to the subsurface. At this scale, the amounts of water transferred are not necessarily significant but the exchanges can, however, influence solute transport. The interpretation of seemingly straightforward questions about water, contaminant, and nutrient fluxes into and along a stream can be confounded by flow losses which are too small to be apparent in stream gauging and along flow paths too long to be detected in tracer experiments. We suggest basic hydrologic approaches, e.g., measurement of flow along the channel, surface and subsurface solute sampling, and routine measurements of the water table that, in our opinion, can be used to extend simple exchange concepts from the hyporheic exchange scale to a scale of stream‐catchment connection.
HP-23: Co-ordinated Regulation of Gene Expression in H. Pylori in Response to Low pH and Iron Limiting Growth Conditions
Authors: Gupta Ananya , Ustinov Sergey , Mashayekhi Kaveh , Moran Anthony
Published: March 2011

Establishing a successful infection within the gastric environment and its varied and changing niches requires adaptation achieved through regulation of bacterial gene expression. In the gastric environment in addition to the low pH Helicobacter pylori is required to adapt to conditions of iron limitation. In this study, we used cDNA microarrays to identify genes whose expression was altered when the bacterium was grown under differing conditions of pH (5 versus 7) and iron limitation. cDNA microarray analyses following exposure to different growth conditions were carried out for three H. pylori strains 26695 (gastritis-associated), J99 (ulcer-associated) and AG-1 (atrophic gastritis-associated). Genes were identified whose expression was acid pH-dependent in all the strains: 68 genes were up-regulated, these included urease-related genes (ureA, ureB, ureI, UreF), amidase (aimE) and genes involved in flagellar synthesis (flgB, fliM, flgE). Additionally, up-regulation of transport-related genes and genes encoding binding proteins (glnQ, glnH, exbD) were noted. Furthermore, 37 genes were down-regulated from different functional groups (e.g., outer membrane proteins and chaperones). At pH 7, iron limitation mainly induced motility-associated genes, whereas at pH5, iron depletion although inducing down-regulation of 12 genes, led to the increased expression of 21 genes including those coding for carbonic anhydrase and proteins involved in metal ion transport, instead of genes coding for urease and amidase enzymes. Genes encoding virulence factors (e.g., cagA and vacA) and proteins involved in motility were over-expressed under all the conditions of stress. Collectively, as effectors of the H. pylori stress response, this transcriptome analysis implicating up-regulation of various metal responsive regulators and metal transport-related genes, in addition to induction of ammonia-producing enzymes and virulence factors (CagA and VacA), emphasizes the link between the bacterial response to acidity, metal metabolism and virulence. Moreover, this response was similar in H. pylori strains associated with different pathologies.
Integrating text--mining effort requires	output standards
Authors: Waagmeester Andra
Published: March 2011

We recently released a plugin to Pathvisio to assist the curator with automatic integration of heterogeneous pathway knowledge. Pathway curation involves gathering this knowledge not only through discussions with peers, but also from biological databases and the scientific literature. Integrating this all into one pathway is challenging and to date still mainly a laborious manual process.More and more biological databases provide webservices (ie. REST or SOAP). The main objective of webservices is to provide an interface for other computer applications. Our plug-in uses these interfaces to gather binary relationships of a given pathway entity and present the relation in star shaped figures to the curator. The plug-in also uses functionality of Pathvisio to project and visualize research data on pathways. If research data exists, this can then be projected on to the suggested potential novel entities. The curator can then make an educated decision on extending pathways with database knowledge.Different text mining methods exist to process large quantities of available literature. Text mining results can be very valuable in pathway curation. Integrating them in a similar way as with biological databases is difficult. It requires a text-mining output standard. In our current plug-in we included text-mining support in our current version of the plug-in.We like to propose here a standard for text mining output. The output standard is a data object that captures the relationships found with text mining, the document identifiers, the sentences from where the results originate, the method used, and its metrics. Such an output standard would enable a user-oriented comparison of text mining results. Currently, text-mining results are mainly evaluated on their performance in finding relevant results. By enabling a text mining out standard, the results become available to the larger user community. The data is immediately accessible to a wide range of applications. If a text mining method supports our output standard, the pathway curation community can use it in Pathvisio through our plug-in.
Tailoring the electrostatic screening effect during field emission from hollow multiwalled carbon nanotube pillars
Authors: Hazra Kiran Shankar , Gigras Tanuj , Misra D. S.
Published: March 2011

Field emission from hollow pillars of multi wall carbon nanotubes show lower screening effect and their turn on field can be tailored by tuning the annular width of the pillars. Simulations show that the energy variation in the extracted electrons can be decreased by lowering the annular width of the hollow pillars; for the hollow pillars of 10 μm annular width the energy width is ∼0.5 eV, fourfold lower than the solid pillars. This can reduce further by reducing the annular width of the pillars paving the way forward for the monochromatic electron emission.
Atmospheric stability and doping protection of noble-metal intercalated graphene on Ni(111)
Authors: Marchenko D. , Varykhalov A. , Rybkin A. , Shikin A. M. , Rader O.
Published: March 2011

It has recently been demonstrated that pentacene can serve as protection layer for graphene on SiC preserving the unique E(k) band dispersion after exposure to atmosphere and subsequent annealing in vacuum. We confirm the stability of the ideal graphene band dispersion but without any protection layer. We demonstrate this by angle-resolved photoemission for graphene on Ni(111) intercalated by a Au monolayer. Exposure to air does not carbidize or oxidize the Ni substrate or open an apparent gap in the graphene. Its doping state is not affected and the Rashba-type spin-orbit effect on the graphene π state is preserved.
Effects of Mg on the electrical characteristics and thermal stability of MgxZn1−xO thin film transistors
Authors: Ku Chieh-Jen , Duan Ziqing , Reyes Pavel I. , Lu Yicheng , Xu Yi , Hsueh Chien-Lan , Garfunkel Eric
Published: March 2011

The effects of the Mg composition (x=0, 0.06, and 0.10) on the electrical characteristics and thermal stability of MgxZn1−xO thin film transistors (TFTs) are investigated. The Mg0.06Zn0.94O TFT shows the smallest subthreshold slope and highest field effect mobility. The O1s spectra of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the oxygen vacancies are reduced in Mg0.06Zn0.94O relative to a pure ZnO channel device. Mg0.06Zn0.94O TFTs also show higher thermal stability compared to the pure ZnO TFTs, which is mainly attributed to the suppression of oxygen vacancies in the channel.
Improved performance of GaN metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet detectors by depositing SiO2 nanoparticles on a GaN surface
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing , Jiang Hong , Li Zhiming , Song Hang , Chen Yiren , Miao Guoqing
Published: March 2011

GaN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet detectors were investigated by depositing different density of SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs) on the GaN. It was shown that the dark current of the detectors with SNPs was more than one order of magnitude lower than that without SNPs and the peak responsivity was enhanced after deposition of the SNPs. Atomic force microscopy observations indicated that the SNPs usually formed at the termination of screw and mixed dislocations, and further current-voltage measurements showed that the leakage of the Schottky contact for the GaN MSM detector decreased with deposited the SNPs. Moreover, the leakage obeyed the Frenkel–Poole emission model, which meant that the mechanism for improving the performance is the SNPs passivation of the dislocations followed by the reduction in the dark current.
Torque approach for tuning exchange bias training effect in polycrystalline NiFe/FeMn bilayers
Authors: Shi Z. , Du J. , Chantrell R. W. , Mangin S. , Zhou S. M.
Published: March 2011

In order to tune the exchange bias training effect, a torque approach is proposed. Torque loops are performed between two consecutive hysteresis loops by clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the sample within an angular range under an in-plane external magnetic field. For the angular range from 0° to 180°, the coercivity HC and the exchange field HE are both reduced and the pinning direction (PD) orientation is changed, exhibiting the first type training effect. For the angular range from −20° to 380°, HC and the PD orientation are almost unchanged although HE is reduced, exhibiting the second type training effect.
Formation of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns by combination of nanostructure-imprinted perfluoropolymer and nanostructured silicon oxide for biological droplet generation
Authors: Kobayashi Taizo , Shimizu Kazunori , Kaizuma Yoshihiro , Konishi Satoshi
Published: March 2011

In this letter, we report a technology for fabricating superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns using a combination of a nanostructure-imprinted perfluoropolymer and nanostructured silicon oxide. In our previous study, we used a combination of hydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials. However, it was difficult to split low-surface-tension liquids such as biological liquids into droplets solely using hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns. In this study, the contact angle of the hydrophobic region was enhanced from 109.3° to 155.6° by performing nanostructure imprinting on a damage-reduced perfluoropolymer. The developed superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns allowed the splitting of even those media that contained fetal bovine serum into droplets of a desired shape.
Electroluminescence from a suspended tip-synthesized nano ZnO dot
Authors: Han Jun Hyun , Yoshimizu Norimasa , Jiang Cheng , Lal Amit , Lee Chung Hoon
Published: March 2011

Electroluminescence (EL) from a laterally suspended nano ZnO dot (LSNZD) integrated between two microfabricated atomically sharp probe-tips is presented. When driven by 1 μA of bias current, the LSNZD emitted light, which was easily observed by the naked eye at room temperature. The minimum number of photons emitted per a second from the LSNZD was ∼9000/s at 100 nA of current, when driven by 12.5 V. The light emission mechanism and electrical characteristics of the LSNZD are explained with a metal-semiconductor-metal model. An optical wavelength spectrum of the emitted light shows major bands of emitted photons between 580 and 750 nm, which indicates the electron transitions from defects in the ZnO band gap. The device fabrication is compatible with typical integrated circuit processes and is suitable for chip- scale optoelectronics.
Nonlinear microwave response of aluminum weak-link Josephson oscillators
Authors: Levenson-Falk E. M. , Vijay R. , Siddiqi I.
Published: March 2011

We present the driven response at T=30 mK of 6 GHz superconducting resonators constructed from capacitively-shunted three-dimensional (3D) aluminum nanobridge superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs). We observe flux modulation of the resonant frequency in quantitative agreement with numerical calculation and characteristic of near-ideal short weak-link junctions. Under strong microwave excitation, we observe stable bifurcation in devices with coupled quality factor (Q) ranging from 30–3500. Near this bias point, parametric amplification with >20 dB gain, 40 MHz bandwidth, and near quantum-limited noise performance is observed. Our results indicate that 3D nanobridge junctions are attractive circuit elements to realize quantum bits.
Modulating the fundamental inductive-capacitive resonance in asymmetric double-split ring terahertz metamaterials
Authors: Yang Yuanmu , Huang Ran , Cong Longqing , Zhu Zhihua , Gu Jianqiang , Tian Zhen , Singh Ranjan , Zhang Shuang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: March 2011

We investigate resonant transmission of planar asymmetric metamaterials made from double split-ring resonators. As the symmetry of the unit cell resonator is broken by displacing the two gaps away from the center in opposite directions, a giant amplitude modulation is observed at the fundamental inductive-capacitive resonance due to strong polarization conversion. The modulation is nearly absent when the gaps are moved together in the same direction. This effect persists in metamaterials with different structural designs. These asymmetric metamaterials may open up new avenues toward the control of terahertz waves and the development of modulator and polarizer based terahertz devices.
Large magnetodielectric response in Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites
Authors: Chandrasekhar K. Devi , Das A. K. , Venimadhav A.
Published: March 2011

We have studied the magnetic field effect on low frequency dielectric properties of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite with 22.5% volume fraction of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanoparticles. A strong magnetodielectric response was observed below 120 K where Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanoparticles show the magnetic phase transition indicating a direct correlation between magnetism and dielectric properties. A large change in the dielectric permittivity ∼30% has been observed in a magnetic field of 4.6 T with loss as low as 0.17 at 70 K. The observed magnetodielectric response has been attributed to the decrement of polaron activation barrier of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 nanoparticles with the increase in magnetic field.
Excitation of propagating spin waves with global uniform microwave fields
Authors: Au Y. , Davison T. , Ahmad E. , Keatley P. S. , Hicken R. J. , Kruglyak V. V.
Published: March 2011

We demonstrate a magnonic architecture that converts global free-space uniform microwaves into spin waves propagating in a stripe magnonic waveguide. The architecture is based upon dispersion mismatch between the narrow magnonic waveguide and a wide “antenna” patch, both patterned from the same magnetic film. The spin waves injected into the waveguide travel to distances as large as several tens of micrometers. The antennas can be placed at multiple positions on a magnonic chip and used to excite mutually coherent multiple spin waves for magnonic logic operations. This demonstration paves way for “magnonics” to become a pervasive technology for information processing.
Efficient parametric terahertz generation in quasi-phase-matched GaP through cavity enhanced difference-frequency generation
Authors: Petersen Eliot B. , Shi Wei , Chavez-Pirson Arturo , Peyghambarian N. , Cooney Adam T.
Published: March 2011

We report an efficient parametric terahertz (THz) source by using bonded quasi-phase-matched (QPM) GaP crystals pumped by the C-band pulsed fiber lasers in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration, based on difference frequency generation (DFG). We observed that the QPM-GaP crystals can effectively increase the THz generation power and efficiency by increasing the number of periods. Moreover, we observed external cavity enhanced THz DFG by placing the QPM-GaP crystal in an external ring cavity. The THz cavity enhancement factor of approximately 250 has been achieved in comparison with a single-pass THz DFG. The maximum THz average power can reach 339 μW, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 2.43×10−4 and a quantum efficiency of 3.16%.
Electrostatic control of the domain switching dynamics in congruent LiNbO3 via periodic proton-exchange
Authors: Manzo Michele , Laurell Fredrik , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Gallo Katia
Published: March 2011

We propose a model for the poling-inhibiting action of proton-exchange, associated to nonuniform fields induced in the crystal by the vanishing of ferroelectricity in the β-phase of HxLi1−xNbO3. Predictions are corroborated by experimental results on the poling of 0.5 mm thick congruent LiNbO3 substrates with periods around 8 μm, yielding regular bulk domain structures with aspect ratios as high as 250.
Is There an Empirical Disagreement between Genic and Genotypic Selection Models? A Response to Brandon and Nijhout
Authors: Weinberger Naftali
Published: March 2011

In a recent paper, Brandon and Nijhout argue against genic selectionism—the thesis, roughly, that evolutionary processes are best understood from the gene's-eye point of view—by presenting a case in which genic models of selection allegedly make predictions that conflict with the (correct) predictions of higher-level genotypic selection models. Their argument, if successful, would refute the widely held belief that genic models and higher-level models are predictively equivalent. Here, I argue that Brandon and Nijhout fail to demonstrate that the models make incompatible predictions.
Conflations in the Causal Account of Information Undermine the Parity Thesis
Authors: Moffatt Barton
Published: March 2011

The received view in philosophy of biology is that there is a well-understood, philosophically rigorous account of information—causal information. I argue that this view is mistaken. Causal information is fatally undermined by misinterpretations and conflations between distinct independent accounts of information. As a result, philosophical arguments based on causal information are deeply flawed. I end by briefly considering what a correct application of the relevant accounts of information would look like in the biological context.
Exophilin8 transiently clusters insulin granules at the actin-rich cell cortex prior to exocytosis
Authors: Mizuno Kouichi , Ramalho José S. , Izumi Tetsuro
Published: March 2011

Exophilin8/MyRIP/Slac2-c is an effector protein of the small GTPase Rab27a and is specifically localized on retinal melanosomes and secretory granules. We investigated the role of exophilin8 in insulin granule trafficking. Exogenous expression of exophilin8 in pancreatic β cells or their cell line, MIN6, polarized (exophilin8-positive) insulin granules at the cell corners, where both cortical actin and the microtubule plus-end–binding protein, EB1, were present. Mutation analyses indicated that the ability of exophilin8 to act as a linker between Rab27a and myosin Va is essential for its granule-clustering activity. Moreover, exophilin8 and exophilin8-associated insulin granules were markedly stable and immobile. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy indicated that exophilin8 restricts the motion of insulin granules at a region deeper than that where another Rab27a effector, granuphilin, accumulates docked granules directly attached to the plasma membrane. However, the exophilin8-induced immobility of insulin granules was eliminated upon secretagogue stimulation and did not inhibit evoked exocytosis. Furthermore, exophilin8 depletion prevents insulin granules from being transported close to the plasma membrane and inhibits their fusion. These findings indicate that exophilin8 transiently traps insulin granules into the cortical actin network close to the microtubule plus-ends and supplies them for release during the stimulation.
Prediction of novel pre-microRNAs with high accuracy through boosting and SVM
Authors: Zhang Yuanwei , Yang Yifan , Zhang Huan , Jiang Xiaohua , Xu Bo , Xue Yu , Cao Yunxia , Zhai Qian , Zhai Yong , Xu Mingqing , Cooke Howard J. , Shi Qinghua
Published: March 2011

Summary: High-throughput deep-sequencing technology has generated an unprecedented number of expressed short sequence reads, presenting not only an opportunity but also a challenge for prediction of novel microRNAs. To verify the existence of candidate microRNAs, we have to show that these short sequences can be processed from candidate pre-microRNAs. However, it is laborious and time consuming to verify these using existing experimental techniques. Therefore, here, we describe a new method, miRD, which is constructed using two feature selection strategies based on support vector machines (SVMs) and boosting method. It is a high-efficiency tool for novel pre-microRNA prediction with accuracy up to 94.0% among different species.

Availability: miRD is implemented in PHP/PERL+MySQL+R and can be freely accessed at http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/rpg/mird/mird.php.

Contact:  qshi@ustc.edu.cn

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Spectral Mourning and Carceral Masculinities: Jean Genet's
Miracle de la rose
Authors: Amin Kadji
Published: March 2011

This article will argue that Jean Genet's 1946 novelistic memoir of his adolescence at the boys' agricultural colony of Mettray,
Miracle de la rose
, is a mournful elaboration of the abjections of discourses on the boys' penal colonies. In the seductive tones of nostalgia,
Miracle
evokes pleasures — such as the sweetness of submission, the excitement of virile display, and the intensities of pederastic love — figured as deviant and unmournable within the discursive field of the boys' penal colonies. In addition,
Miracle
explicitly thematizes both the queering effects of such remembrance and the masculinizing rewards of forgetting, suggesting that certain masculinities are built on the melancholic foreclosure of ambiguous adolescent affects. In so doing, I argue, it explores what Derrida terms ‘spectral mourning’, an alternative relation to memory that, in
Miracle
, is constitutive both of the gender of the elder pederast within a carceral couple and a ‘feminine’ form of writing associated with poetry, fantasy, and ‘le merveilleux’. Whereas Derrida describes spectrality as a supremely ethical relation to the past,
Miracle
shows spectral mourning to be less the result of an ethical choice than of an inability to mourn the abject conditions of adolescence in the boys' penal colonies.
Ruse and Reappropriation in the French Eighteenth Century:
La Philosophie des vapeurs
by C.-J. de B. de paumerelle
Authors: Arnaud Sabine
Published: March 2011

Paumerelle's
La Philosophie des vapeurs
is composed of letters written by a Marquise on the art and use of the vapours, presenting them as an essential tool for any aristocrat worthy of her rank. Although the text begins under the guise of banter, it quickly moves on to overturn common conceptions of the malady. The fragility, sensitiveness, and nervousness usually associated with the vapours give way to strategy and method. The treatise classifies emotions and gestures, formulating a hierarchy among symptoms. One is taught to induce crises following reflection and study, in a linking of ruse and sensibility. This article begins by examining the role of the vapours, who is permitted to perform them, and where and how symptoms are best put to use. It then addresses
La Philosophie des vapeurs
as a rewriting of Baltasar Gracián's
The Art of Wordly Wisdom
. While the treatise's formatting in private correspondence is an eminently feminine form, the letters displace perceptions of gender. Women are described as being in perpetual study of their bodies and emotions, developing self-mastery, and controlling their image in society. Lastly, I analyse how the simultaneous use of conflicting powers of passions and reason situates the work as an eighteenth-century restaging of the art and codes of courtly society.
Memories in/of
Thérèse Raquin
: Émile Zola and Marcel Carné
Authors: Griffiths Kate
Published: March 2011

Memory lies at the heart of the adaptive process as a filmmaker remembers, in a different form or genre, an earlier work. Marcel Carné theorizes the act of adaptation via his contemplation of the role of memory in his 1953 film
Thérèse Raquin
. Characters remember but do not voice their acts of remembrance. However, if personal memories are foreclosed, Carné explores the textual memories of his film. His work makes widespread changes to the original novel from which it stems: Zola's 1867 text of the same name. Carné, though, is unable to forget what he has altered and, in a series of meta-adaptive scenes, he inserts playful references to the details he has removed. Carné remembers what is no longer there. Memories other than those of Zola circulate in Carné's adaptation, be they traces of Carné's earlier works or those of its principal actors. The film is not a facile or inferior reproduction of Zola's text. It is a self-reflexive piece that considers the personal and artistic acts of recollection at the heart of its adaptive fabric just as Zola's novel, itself fascinated by the memories of its characters, underlines the traces of other texts in its own creative act.