bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rendimiento de lechuga Lactuca sativa L. variedad Arizona bajo riego y cobertura vegetal en el Ceagro San Pablo, Madrid (Cundinamarca)
Authors: Sierra Buitrago Lady Carolina , Rodríguez Puentes Sara Elizabeth , Molano Cogua Mario De Jesús , Santamaría Galindo Maicol
Published: November 2017

En el Centro Agroecológico de Investigación y Capacitación Ceagro San Pablo, ubicado en el municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca, se evaluó el rendimiento de la lechuga variedad Arizona, en suelos con y sin cobertura vegetal, riego por aspersión y por goteo, fertilización organomineral y fertilización con productos comerciales convencionales. La evaluación de los diferentes tratamientos se planificó con base en un diseño experimental de dos bloques para riego, con parcelas completamente seleccionadas aleatoriamente, en las cuales se establecieron sistemas de cobertura, riego y fertilización. El factor para determinar la variación de los tratamientos fue el rendimiento de las cabezas de la lechuga, en términos de peso por unidad de área kg m-2 y peso por unidad volumétrica de agua aplicada (kg/m3 ). La producción bajo riego por goteo obtuvo un rendimiento de 6,83 kg/m2 , equivalente a 68,3 t/ha, en contraste con el de menor rendimiento que fue bajo riego por aspersión con 1,43 kg/m2 , equivalente a 14,3 t/ha. Los tratamientos de riego presentaron diferencias altamente significativas en favor del riego por goteo. Entre los métodos de fertilización no hubo diferencia significativa.
Editorial
Authors: Celly Muñoz Hollan
Published: November 2017

Sin resumen.
Insectos Asociados a Passiflora Longipes y Passiflora Bogotensis en un Fragmento de Bosque Alto Andino de la Sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Bulla-Triviño Johanna , Prieto-Torres Johanna , Santamaría Maikol , Fernandez Johanna
Published: November 2017

Se determinaron los insectos asociados a dos especies de pasifloras silvestres  Passiflora bogotensis y Passiflora longipes (Passifloraceae) en un fragmento de bosque  alto andino de la Sabana de Bogotá. En P. bogotensis se registraron insectos fitófagos  de los órdenes Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera y Coleoptera, enemigos naturales  del órden Hymenoptera y polinizadores de los órdenes Hymenoptera y Diptera. En P.  longipes se registraron insectos fitófagos de los órdenes Diptera y Coleoptera, y no se  registraron enemigos naturales y polinizadores. P. bogotensis y P. longipes desde el  bosque pueden estar prestando servicios ecosistémicos para la agricultura a través de  la actividad de los insectos.
Legislación informática y protección de datos en Colombia, comparada con otros países
Authors: Chaparro Ronderos María Fernanda
Published: November 2017

Actualmente la información de las empresas y las personas tiende a ser almacenada en bases de datos electrónicas, lo cual ha provocado la aparición de diferentes formas de delitos informáticos derivados de la utilización de la información con fines lucrativos o maliciosos, o la alteración de la misma. Para tratar esos delitos se han desarrollado diferentes normativas gubernamentales, como la ley orgánica de protección de datos personales en España, o la ley 1581 de 2012 sobre protección de datos personales en Colombia. Para el presente artículo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica referente al avance en la legislación de protección de datos personales y delitos informáticos en Colombia, Estados Unidos y España, éstos últimos usados como referentes en Colombia para la creación de la legislación en esta materia.
Análisis comparativo de fuentes bibliográficas web respecto la técnica de energy harvesting/scavenging aplicada a nodos inalámbricos
Authors: Alvarez Blanco Fernando , Peña Giraldo Mauricio Vladimir
Published: November 2017

El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la revisión bibliográfica desarrollada respecto al tema de las técnicas de energy havervesting o energy scavenging, teniendo como interés principal las aplicaciones y desarrollos en donde se implementan energías de tipo termoeléctrico y fotovoltaico en nodos de sensores inalámbricos. Los resultados de la revisión muestran un auge en el interés por este tipo de técnicas, encontrando gran diversidad de fuentes de energía, métodos de implementación y optimización, así como también un desarrollo avanzado de algoritmos de enrutamiento y de supervisión de energía en lo referente a nodos inalámbricos.
ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE AND CITY: The Enhancement Project of the Archaeological Park of the Baths of Baiae
Authors: Capozzi Renato , Picone Adelina , VISCONTI FEDERICA
Published: November 2017

Following the theoretical and disciplinary framing of the elements that substantiate the relationship of archaeology with architecture and the city in light of the transformations of the modern city, the project aims at valorizing the archaeological asset, promoting a knowledge of the ruins from multiple theoretical perspectives. The enhancement project of the Archaeological Park of Baiae experiments with different modalities of knowing that include the knowledge of the relationship between the ruin and the landscape, the philological, typological-constructive knowledge, and the knowledge of the ruin’s own spatial elements. Bringing together the contributions of different disciplines and experts under the coordination of an architect, the theoretical core of the project promotes the enhancement of the Archaeological Park, envisioning it as a means of valorisation of a wider urban environment.
THE CLIMATE AS A KEY FACTOR OF PUBLIC LIFE IN EUROPEAN CITIES
Authors: Cubillos-González Rolando Arturo , Castillo-García Lizeth Stefanía
Published: November 2017

Is weather a factor that determines the efficiency of public life in European cities? It can be said that every six months public life changes radically in European cities in response to changes in the weather, such as, the type of activities that take place. Furthermore, in these European cities, culture is another important characteristic of public life. In the first stages the results of this research, identified the following characteristics as factors of efficiency of public life in these cities: climate, the mobility system, the historic area, vitality, materials, vegetation and buildings. These variables define the quality of public life in the cities studied. Weather conditions determine many of the patterns of urban organization. All these features would require the analysis of multiple variables which would be impossible to carry out manually. Thus, this article suggests the design of a software application that could enable the analysis of public life in light of these efficiency factors, to guide the city to sustainability.
EXPLORING CONTEXTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL MEDINAS IN NORTH AFRICA
Authors: Abudib Huyam Hadi
Published: November 2017

In an age of globalization and standardization, cities around the world are losing their historical and cultural identity. Traditional cities of the Muslim world, in particular, are witnessing an increased transformation in their urban fabric, which is extremely different from their original one, and not necessarily better. This paper explores the historical precedents of three traditional medinas in North Africa, which are Tripoli, Tunis and Fez, from a comparative perspective. The aim of this study is to analyse key contextual characteristics of these cities in an attempt to derive key principles that are capable of improving the contemporary built environment and safeguarding the cultural identity of traditional medinas.  The paper concludes with a number of lessons learned from the visual form, urban pattern and land-use of traditional medinas, and sets out challenges that face decision makers and designers in manifesting the essence of traditional medinas in contemporary urban form.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY FOCUSED ON MOVEMENTS AND INTERACTIONS IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bae Suyeon , Asojo Abimbola
Published: November 2017

This study explores how the interior layout of the workspace can affect employees’ number of steps and face-to-face interactions. Eighteen participants were recruited for the study and the data was collected over ten business days. The participants completed self-report forms to report the number of steps and interactions they had daily. A positive relationship was found between distance and the number of steps and interactions. A negative correlation was found between depth, a construct of the space syntax theory, and the number of steps and interactions. The findings further examined whether the results support a social ecological model with the relationships between distance, depth, the number of steps and interaction, and moderate variables (personal, environmental, and organizational factors). Findings indicated that the number of steps, as a function of human behavior, was affected by distance and depth (as environmental factors), age and years of working (as personal factors), and work hours (as an organizational factor).
LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND LAND USE IN QATAR: AN INTEGRATED PLANNING STRATEGY FOR AL-QASSAR’S TOD
Authors: Furlan Raffaello , AlMohannadi Mooza
Published: November 2017

The State of Qatar is presently facing the development of major transport infrastructure, to be finalized (A) by 2022 for the planned FIFA World Cup and (B) by 2030, as envisioned by the comprehensive national development planning strategy, also named Qatar National Vision (QNV-2030). The under-development metro system foresees the construction of four main lines. In addition, Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, is experiencing the progress of (1) prestigious mega projects and (2) several transit villages around the major metro stations. These projects are the manifestation of the deliberate attempt of Qatar to establish Doha as the service, economic and cultural hub of Middle East. Currently, traffic is considered a major concern: ‘Park-and-Ride’ facilities along train stations may reduce the general amount of vehicles on the road network and provide a ‘stress-free’ passenger experience when transitioning to and from the new Doha Metro System. Therefore, one of major challenges for urban planners is guaranteeing that all metro-stations and facilities (A) are fully integrated within the urban context of their surroundings and (B) provide multi modal transportation facilities. This urban planning strategy aims at reducing traffic through the design of compacted, mixed used transit villages, or Transit Oriented Developments (TODs). This paper explores the case of the neighborhood of Al-Qassar metro station. The exploration starts with the review of the relevant literature and the analysis of the site. Finally, the resultant planning-strategy for an integrated conceptual development of AL-Qassar-TOD envisions the development of a compact transit village, which contributes to reduce the traffic, to enhance pedestrian connectivity and to shape a liveable community.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR MIDDLE INCOME EXPATS IN QATAR: STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING LIVABILITY AND BUILT FORM
Authors: Furlan Raffaello , Petruccioli Attilio
Published: November 2017

Qatar is making large investments for the development of the urban fabric and public transport systems of Doha (i.e. the Msheireb downtown Doha, the Doha metro, and the Lusail light rail transit). It has also already been publicly announced that the population has undergone markedly faster growth over the past few years. According to data from the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (MDPS), the population grew over 5% each year, between 2008 and 2013 and then 12.5% between December 2012 and November 2013 (2.05 m). This large increase in the population growth is the result of expatriate workers arriving to Qatar for the construction of new infrastructure and buildings underway in advance of the 2022 World Cup. A massive influx of foreign labor, namely another half-million blue-collar workers, technicians, and managers, is expected to be recruited. Also, due to the fast growth of the population, real estate agencies highlighted the need to build more affordable housing in Doha. This paper argues that, for the construction of residential complexes in the Islamic city of Doha, livability and integration of new developments within the existing urban fabric are criteria to be evaluated and considered. A method centered on the interpretation of the pre-existent context is proposed: the old urban fabric is a source of generative ideas and design principles, which are embedded into the historical layering of design concepts.
THE POTENTIAL OF REASONING METHODS AS A TEACHING STRATEGY SUPPORTING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Authors: Hee Choi Han , Kim Mi Jeong
Published: November 2017

Much research has emphasized the importance of ‘learning by doing’ in design education. Reasoning methods would be an effective strategy to support students’ reflection-in-action in designing. ‘Knowing how’ is associated with ‘design thinking’, and further, with ‘creativity’, which is essential for design outcomes. This research explores the potential of reasoning methods, specifically analogical reasoning and metaphorical reasoning, in design education for encouraging students to produce creative thinking in a design studio. For one semester, students were educated to adopt analogies and metaphors in designing and how students approached given design problems to produce design ideas was observed. The results showed that adopting reasoning methods as a teaching strategy in a design studio encouraged the development of the students’ design thinking by reorienting their approach to design, which eventually led to enhanced creativity in designing. Based on the results, this research presents critical issues to be considered for encouraging students to utilize analogical and metaphorical reasoning in designing.
PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS
Authors: Ebrahimi Ahad Nejad , Nazarzadeh Farnaz , Nazarzadeh Elnaz
Published: November 2017

Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens.  Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.
A UNIFIED ARCHITECTURAL THEORY FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Nu'Man Sabir Bin Nabeeh
Published: November 2017

This research aims to identify criteria for sustainable design solutions to meet the needs of Muslims today. Under the theoretical framework of Nikos Salingaros’ Unified Architectural Theory, design needs and strategies derived from Islamic knowledge and values are identified and used to inform principles for building typologies, location, and movement between buildings. Green building technologies in line with Islamic values and examples of sustainability promoting policies are analyzed and used to further develop design strategies. The findings include a theoretical model that proposes the essential design criteria for appropriate architecture for the Muslim world. This research is relevant for architects designing for Muslims, who have a duty to create housing appropriate for their particular needs and cultural context.
EVALUATION OF INDIA’S URBAN SOCIAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING A COMPOSITE INDEX
Authors: Panda Sudha , Chakraborty Manjari , Misra S.K.
Published: November 2017

India has experienced phenomenal growth in urbanization in the last few decades putting massive pressure on basic infrastructure and services. The objective of this paper is to create a composite social sustainable index for India which will help us to understand the dynamics of social sustainable development .The index will enable prioritization of resource allocation between the various sectors of the social dimension. Secondly the paper attempts to analyse the impact of macro-economic factors like economic prosperity, population, population density, income inequality, environment and migrant influx on social sustainability. It examines all four facets of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental and institutional, in an integrated manner. The three tiered hierarchical model is tested in the state of Odisha , in Eastern India . Using this framework we go on to obtain a composite index for urban social sustainability which can be applied to all Indian cities with contextual changes. This research shows that in India education is fundamental to improving the social sustainability and urban policies should focus strongly on three critical zones of education, safety and access to basic services.
BRICKS, BRANDING, AND THE EVERYDAY: DEFINING GREATNESS AT THE UNITED NATIONS PLAZA IN SAN FRANCISCO
Authors: Lindsay Georgia
Published: November 2017

After over a decade of reports, designs, and public outreach, the United Nations Plaza in San Francisco was dedicated in 1976. Using historical documents such as government reports, design guidelines, letters, meeting minutes, and newspaper articles from archives, I argue that while the construction of the UN Plaza has failed to completely transform the social and economic life of the area, it succeeds in creating a genuinely public space. The history of the UN Plaza can serve both as a cautionary tale for those interested in changing property values purely through changing design, and as a standard of success in making a space used by a true cross-section of urban society.
DEFINING SLUMS USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND RELATIONAL PROPERTIES: A DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK FOR INTERVENTION
Authors: Abubakar Aisha , Romice Ombretta , Salama Ashraf M.
Published: November 2017

Phenomenon as old as cities themselves, slums - in their many permutations - have been part of city management for a long time. Descriptions and definitions have gone through trends and so have the strategies to address their conditions and relationship to cities. Summarising various trends, definitions and approaches to solutions of slums, this paper critically analyses more recent and structured approaches that attempt to grasp the complexity of all realities constituting the slum as a key to their management. Then, from a detailed review of properties of slums from literature, it proposes  a rational framework – the Slum Property Map – that organises such properties (cultural, social, economic, environmental) into a relationship map where reciprocal links between properties are highlighted and used both to develop narratives of the slum – how it originates, develops and functions for its inhabitants, and in relation to the city- and thus eventually to guide intervention through investment in and management of local assets. The paper presents the Slum Property Map as a comprehensive and dynamic way to understand slums as holding potential for their immediate and future prosperity.
SARAJEVO LOST IN TRANSITION? Ideologies and Their Representational Spaces
Authors: Zagora Nermina , Samic Dina
Published: November 2017

This study aims to investigate three characteristic representational typologies in Sarajevo, in regard to Henri Lefebvre's theory of “Production of Space.” Representational typologies are considered as a tool in the hands of power holders capable of influencing, motivating or manipulating wider population. The comparative analysis of the deterministic link between the social system and architecture will be examined in order to highlight the universal qualities of architecture capable of outliving the liminal momentum of transitions from one socio-political system to another.
EVALUATION OF USER COMFORT IN TUNNEL FORMWORK HOUSING AREAS: Izmir as a Case Study
Authors: Tezgelen Dilek , Yilmaz Karaman Ozgul
Published: November 2017

Houses are spaces where we spend most of our lives, meeting our accommodation needs and reflecting us and our personality. The tunnel formwork systems are effective in house production. They appeal to the people in different social status varying from high-incomers to low-incomers from the city center to the peripheries of city. Based on such determination, the satisfaction of house user set forth the main line of work. For this purpose, six parameters have been ascertained to determine the user’s comfort, by interrogating the comfort of interior space in the houses: The thermal comfort, visual comfort, acoustic comfort, humidity and moisture control and design quality. With the purpose of interrogating the user’s satisfaction, four mass housing areas constructed with tunnel formwork system in İzmir have been investigated. These are: Gaziemir Emlak Bankası Houses, TOKI Uzundere Houses, Mavişehir Stage I and Mavişehir Soyak Houses. After providing general information about all these mass houses, the surveys applied to the users have been evaluated.
BASIC DESIGN EDUCATION IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Çelik Filiz
Published: November 2017

The basic design course, a 1st semester curriculum course at the Department of Landscape Architecture, forms the basis of design education as a part of landscape architecture education.  The landscape design course, provided as part of the 2nd semester curriculum, is a continuation of the basic design course and allows basic design concepts to be transferred to landscape design. Similarly, courses for other semesters are also developed based on the knowledge and acquisitions attained through the basic design course. This article is based on the educational experiences that have been obtained in the basic design course administered at the Department of Landscape Architecture in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, between 2005 and 2010.  The content and objectives of the basic design course, and the educational methods and the process used in the course are described; the challenges and problems faced with respect to the theory and practice of the course are presented.  Additionally, instructions for education related to basic design are discussed, based on experience.
UNDERSTANDING COMPLEXITY THROUGH PATTERN LANGUAGES IN BIOLOGICAL AND MAN-MADE ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Bhat Ramray
Published: November 2017

In 1944, the celebrated physicist, Erwin Schrodinger, famously asked “What is Life?” Neither Schrodinger nor generations of illustrious scientists after him have been able to satisfactorily answer this question. What is generally agreed upon, however, is that being alive is about being complex: forming, transforming, and maintaining a structural organization that consists of multiple constituents arranged in specific orders and patterns. The advances in the theory of complexity have come not just from biologists, but also from architects and urban theorists. In this essay, I discuss how theorists from both life and architectonic sciences have come to a similar conclusion: that patterned and organized form ensures proper function and, ultimately, life. I show how deviation from this principle in biology leads to cancer and death; in architecture, the deviation allows the takeover of mechanical and imagery-based building ideologies leading to dysfunctional and ‘lifeless’ building and public spaces.
A FULL HOUSE
Authors: Dawson Jaap Pelgrim
Published: November 2017

A fictional child knows which buildings suit him.  He talks with an anthropologist, an historian, an architect, and a depth psychologist:  he wants to know why some buildings suit him while other buildings don’t.  The child’s own experience corresponds with the experience that led Christopher Alexander to undertake his research.  We can recognize this child in ourselves.
BREAKING SYMMETRIES AND EMERGING SCALING URBAN STRUCTURES: A Morphological Tale of 3 Cities: Paris, New York and Barcelona
Authors: Salat Serge , Bourdic Loeiz , Labbe Françoise
Published: November 2017

The challenge of a science of cities is to understand the links between urban morphogenesis, efficiency and resilience. Mathematical regularities emerge in resilient cities, coming from the scale-free properties of complex systems that present the same level of complexity across their different scales. They take the form of inverse power laws that are the « signature » of complexity. In living cities, these mathematical regularities derive from historical layering over millennia (Paris) or from intense market forces (New York). In complex, living and resilient cities, the distribution of elements and connections does not obey Gaussian laws but scale-free inverse power laws. Understanding the universality of this structure which also characterizes natural phenomena and living systems, and which has been violated by modernist city planning, would allow planning more efficient and resilient cities. The paper shows how initial breaks of symmetry fostered the emergence of scale-free structures in Paris and New York, with long-range time correlations, and how a break of symmetry in the spatial layout created a highly differentiated socio-economic structure in Barcelona.
Roofs Functions in Vernacular Residential Buildings: Case Study in Kashan, Iran
Authors: Maghsoudi Nia Elham , Abd Rahman Nordin , Mohd Yunus Mohd Yazid
Published: November 2017

The vernacular roofs in Iran served more than protective functions and were in response to the people’s behaviors. The case study has explored the different functions of the vernacular roofs regarding the people’s behaviors. It has focused on Kashan, as an ancient and historical city with hot and dry climate. The semi-structured interview has been conducted among the local master builders and experts, which respondents have answered to the open-ended questions. As the results show climate, religion, culture and economy affected people’s behaviors on the roofs and caused creating spatial, socio-cultural, spiritual, economic, recreational and passage functions of the roofs. In response to these functions, particular roofing strategies emerged, including aligned and connected roof, flat and double surface roof, staircase, partition walls around the roof, and some spaces on the roofs. Consequently, the vernacular roofs were in response to the people’s behaviors, improved physical and mental health, offered spiritual and intangible benefits. The study recommends professionals consider the people’s demands and behaviors during roofing in order to use all the potential of the roofs in residential buildings.
A Framework for Exploring the Sense of Community and Social Life in Residential Environments
Authors: Mahmoudi Farahani Leila , Lozanovska Mirjana
Published: November 2017

Sense of community and social life are two key concepts related to social cohesion, which have been the subject of extensive studies in several disciplines including sociology, psychology and built environment. Social life studies have been mostly conducted in the built environment discipline focusing on city centres; while sense of community studies were mostly the target of sociologists and psychologists focusing on neighbourhoods. As a result, the role of the built environment on the sense of community and social life of neighbourhoods is considered as a missing gap in the literature. This paper, through defining the concepts of social life and sense of community, aims to develop a conceptual framework for further implementation in future research. Accurate implication and interpretation of the concepts show that neighbourhoods can include the sense of community in the residential environment and the social life in the commercial environment. This is because residential environments are where residents’ requirements can be met through their commitment to the community and commercial environments are the fulcrum of interaction and communication.
Housing in Premodern Cities: Patterns of Social and Spatial Variation
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: November 2017

This paper describes a broad comparative perspective on urban housing in cities before the modern era, including the newly-defined category of low-density city. My objective is to promote comparative analysis of premodern urban housing forms. I present a typology of house types that is based on the concepts of dwelling and household. The types are: individual house; house group; contiguous houses; walled compound; and apartment building. Among the many factors that influenced the forms and nature of premodern urban housing, I single out three causal forces: cultural tradition, density, and political dynamics.
Where Is the ‘Problem’ in Design Studio: Purpose and Significance of the Design Task
Authors: Maturana Beatriz C.
Published: November 2017

Design studio is characterised by a teaching model that is distinctly suited for problem-solving. Correspondingly, literature, including information produced by Australian faculties of architecture about their courses asserts that design studio is modelled around problem-solving. However, my research into design studio handouts found a common omission in posing a ‘problem’—a problem that would justify a design solution and from which the ´significance´ of the task would derive. I argue that a well-articulated design problem imbues the case with purpose and significance. It also provides a benchmark against which the results can be assessed and verified.
Interrogating the Practice of Image Making in a Budding Context
Authors: Salama Ashraf M.
Published: November 2017

Image making is a continuous worldwide practice of architects and designers whose concern is to create meaningful environments. Such a practice results in expressions that either reflect the regional context or mirror the wider global culture. This paper aims at interrogating image making practices in the city of Doha, which has experienced rapid urban transformations, associated with building large scale work and learning environments, mixed use developments, and cultural and sport facilities. Contextualizing current debate on Doha’s architecture and urbanism, a critical analysis of geo-cultural politics and on the notion of the ‘scapes of flows’ is undertaken. Based on contextual, critical, and perceptual approaches image-making practices in the city were discerned.  Different types of efforts were categorized and critically analyzed underlying the contextual and critical approaches. The analysis reveals that efforts range from utilizing symbolism in contemporary imaging, to manifesting tradition-modernity in search for image identity, to addressing the global condition towards image making. The perceptual approach established empirical evidence by investigating users’ reactions to three notable office buildings that their design attempts to evoke a unique image.  This was supported by statements made by CEOs of architectural firms and development companies that reflected a promise towards image making in the architecture of Doha. A concluding critique is introduced to elucidate that while there are incessant attempts at image making, the practice of ‘cutting and pasting’ dominates in the absence of critical consciousness. Such a critique calls for avoiding ‘case by case decision making’ the urban governance in the city still adopts while engaging effective place making strategies.
ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSE
Authors: Tanac Zeren Mine , Yilmaz Karaman Ozgul
Published: November 2017

Western part of the Anatolia is one of the most important regions of the World that many civilizations have lived during the history since ancient times. Kula is an important historical town dating back to 17th century and is hosting important timber farmed structures (mansions) unique with their space organizations, architectural features and structural system. This study creates an analysis model which is based on a detailed case study, defining structural system and damage causes for the upcoming restoration works within the region, and this methodology can be applied for other traditional regions as well.
WATERCOURSE AS CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY URBANISM: Preservation approaches from Košice and Prešov in Slovakia
Authors: Kristianova Katarina , Gecova Katarina , Putrova Eva
Published: November 2017

We examine the current architectural and urban planning approaches towards preservation and regeneration of historical and cultural values represented by watercourses in the urban structure of the city. Using the examples of two Slovak cities Košice and Prešov, the paper highlights the need for preservation and conservation of the watercourse corridors in the urban structure, even in the cases without the contemporary presence of water, as they represent significant cultural and historical values. Their preservation in the contemporary urban structure creates a base for the possibility of their future revitalization with the recovery of water, or the possibility of their future use as attractive tourist, pedestrian, bicycle, andgreen corridors with recreational and environmental functions.
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES FOR ARCHITECTURE HERITAGE CONCENTRATED AREAS IN CHINA
Authors: XU Xiwei , Heath Tim , Xia Qing , Zhang Youtian
Published: November 2017

This paper draws upon preliminary research into the insufficiencies of the status quo of the disaster prevention and mitigation in architecture heritage areas in China. It summarizes how the common hazards, which are various threats to the survival and development of the historical architectural heritage, such as fire, geological disasters and meteorological disasters occurs and their characteristics, and also analyses their impact on heritage. The paper also focuses on the disaster-prone parts of architecture heritage, exploring the proposals for evaluations of disaster-risk-factors, and the preliminary strategies that promote historic architecture heritage related to disaster prevention and mitigation, so that people can enhance the security capabilities for architecture heritage. This enables strategies to limit the impact of the disaster，improve historic buildings anti-disaster systems, provide the theory and technical basis to the relevant departments for standards and regulations for architecture heritages’ conservation and security. The ultimate aim is to ensure the long-lasting and safe existence and development of architectural heritage.
EVOLUTION OF ABSTRACT VEGETAL ORNAMENTS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Abdullahi Yahya , Rashid Embi Mohamed
Published: November 2017

This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their evolution to understand their creation process and innovations. We studied these ornaments regionally to identify regional variations and classified them based on tastes of patrons. Meanwhile, we analysed the formal aspects of these ornaments, including their dimension, proportion, dominant colour, material, and techniques. In addition, the study conducted detailed observations of their characteristics, such as margins, apex, thickness of stem scrolls and vents, to define their constructive elements, aesthetical properties, and design principles that reveal date, region, and styles. This research not only provides a comprehensive guide to the evolution of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments for architectural conservation projects but also serves as a reference for the comparative and critical analysis of contemporary Islamic-inspired ornaments.
Where Sustainable School Meets the ‘Tthird Teacher’: Primary School Case Study From Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Brkovic Marta , Pons Oriol , Parnell Rosie
Published: November 2017

Participatory evaluation of aspiring sustainable schools and their pedagogical potential has recently come into focus. A few authors have made a significant start in examining schools as both environmentally and socially sustainable environments, which might simultaneously represent the ‘third teacher’. However, discussion around this idea is new in Spain. This paper describes a participatory post-occupancy study conducted with teachers and pupils in Fort Pienc School, Barcelona, Spain. Findings reveal the pedagogical potential of the school’s spaces and fabric, characterised as ‘sustainable’, and highlight the aspects that the research participants feel are performing and underperforming. The paper concludes that if we want sustainable schools to be a strategy for renovating the educational process and for leading us towards a better tomorrow globally and locally,  new models for exploring the pedagogical potential of sustainable schools should be developed and the efforts of all relevant parties synchronised; from architects to governments, from pupils to teachers.
Public Intentions for Private Spaces: Exploring Architects’ Tactics to Shape Shared Space in Private-Led Residential Development
Authors: Golden Saul Manuel , Montgomery Ian , Rikala Taina M.
Published: November 2017

From the late 20th into the 21st centuries, the private market increasingly gained control from public authorities over strategic decisions affecting the quality of, and accessibility to, new urban development. This paper argues for architects to act more explicitly to promote greater open-ness and use-value, rather than more objectified and controlled exchange-value approaches to the public domain in private-led development. The paper analyses two London-based residential case studies and interviews with the architects about perceptions of, and approaches to, private-led development decision-making processes. It compares the individual practitioner’s experiences of architecture practice with explicit intentions to influence better quality shared city space, examining professional norms vis-à-vis commercial clients and wider society. The paper concludes that greater awareness of architects’ knowledge, skills, and a range of tactics to influence future shared environments can contribute to improved professional practice frameworks for more effective engagement in an increasingly globalised and privatised urban society.
Edge, Center, and Spine: Exploring the Multi-Dimentionality of Contemporary Landscapes in Middle Eastern Cities
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. , Grichting Anna Katharina
Published: November 2017

This paper offers an overview of landscape interventions in three Middle Eastern cities and a positional interpretation of the way in which different landscape typologies can contribute to their socio-spatial and environmental contexts. The paper identifies three levels of contribution of contemporary landscape – edge, center, and spine - corresponding to three landscape typologies: the edge typology is a linear coastal landscape that acts as an interface between the city and the sea; the central typology is a city park that reactivates or regenerates a fragment of the city and communities that surround it; and the spine is an ecological infrastructure – a wadi - that articulates and curates the natural and constructed flow of water creating productive landscapes and public spaces. In undertaking the discussion and analysis, a multi-layered general methodology was employed. First, to induct generalities on three projects identified a literature review and analysis of development and technical review reports is conducted in order to elucidate a considerable number of issues underlying each landscape typology while classifying them under three main sub-headings that include contextual background, evolutionary design and planning aspects, and key spatial design features. Second, to deduct particularities concerning the contribution of each typology, critical discussion, reflection, and reference to some empirical studies are carried out with the intention of unveiling the contribution of each typology to its context and to the city within which it exists.
Designing in Caves: Using Immersive Visualisations in Design Practice
Authors: Maftei Laura , Harty Chris
Published: November 2017

This paper describes a study of the use of immersive Virtual reality technologies in the design of a new hospital. It uses Schön’s concept of reflective practice and video-based methods to analyse the ways design teams approach and employ a full scale 3D immersive environment – a CAVE – in collaborative design work. The analysis describes four themes relating to reflective practice occurring in the setting: orienting to the CAVE technology itself, orienting to the representation of the specific design within the CAVE, activities accounting for, or exploring alternatives within the design for the use and users of the space, and more strategic interactions around how to best represent the design and model to the client within the CAVE setting. The analysis also reveals some unique aspects of design work in this environment. Perhaps most significantly, rather than enhancing or adding to an existing understanding of design through paper based or non-immersive digital representations, it is often acting to challenge or surprise the participants as they experience the immersive, full scale version of their own design.
Experiential Learning Styles in the Age of a Virtual Surrogate
Authors: Wang Rui , Newton Sidney , Lowe Russell
Published: November 2017

There is a long-held sense in general that the increasing use of computers and digital technology changes how a user experiences and learns about the world, not always for the better. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of 245 architecture and construction students over a two year period which examines the impact that virtual reality technologies have on the learning style preferences of students. A series of controlled experiments tests for the impact that increasing exposure to a proprietary virtual reality system has on the mode of learning and learning style preferences of individuals and particular cohorts. The results confirm that when virtual reality applications are used in teaching and learning, the learning behaviours will favour a more concrete experiential mode of learning and a preference for the Accommodator learning style. However, the results also demonstrate, consistently and for the first time, individual students do not privilege any particular mode of learning or learning style preference to any significant extent but rather engage in all modes and represent all learning styles. Novel visualisation techniques are introduced to examine and discuss this contrast.
El valle del río Aguasvivas. Estudio geomorfológico
Authors: Echeverría Arnedo María Teresa
Published: November 2017

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Los procesos demográficos en la dinámica intraurbana de la ciudad de La Coruña
Authors: Miralbés Rosario , Rodríguez Martínez-Conde Rafael , Villarino Montserrat
Published: November 2017

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La red urbana aragonesa: entre el sistema urbano estatal y los subsistemas provinciales
Authors: Bielza de Ory Vicente , Callizo Soneiro Javier , Escolano Utrilla Severino
Published: November 2017

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El estudio de la propiedad de la tierra a través de las fuentes catastrales
Authors: Castelló Puig Ana
Published: November 2017

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De la jerarquización funcional continua de los asentamientos a la discreta: el caso de Aragón
Authors: Bielza de Ory Vicente
Published: November 2017

Se plantean primero las dificultades que entraña pasar de un modelo jerarquizado continuo a otro discreto y la necesidad de jerarquias discretas para la ordenación del territorio. Para la jerarquización funcional de Aragón se parte del modelo de Davies utilizando 117 variables (licencias fiscales). De la jerarquía continua de centralidades reales se llega a una jerarquía discretade tipo christalleriano dando una serie de pasos: mediante medidas tipificadas, eliminacidn de los municipios del área metropolitana, supresidn en el nivel elemental de índices de atracción negativa con excepciones justificadas (vía ernpírica y estadlstica), consideración de los incrementos medios de centralidad para aceptar las rupturas del "continuum", agrupamientos de niveles jerárquicos en función de una optimación del índice del vecino más próximo.
Algunos aspectos de los cambios de uso en el espacio agrario aragonés
Authors: Frutos Mejías Luisa María , Solans Castro Manuela , Chueca Diago María Carmen
Published: November 2017

Los cambios económicos y demográficos de los últimos decenios han provocado modificaciones significativas en la SAU de las comarcas aragonesas. El análisis de los datos permite tipificar diversos comportamientos: comarcas con aumento del área labrada en secano o regadío y modificación el cuadro de cultivos; comarcas con pérdida de SAU por urbanizacibn o indurtrialización; comarcas con pérdida de SAU por abandono y ampliación de lo improductivo. Todo ello es causa y efecto de otras modificaciones que afectan a la sociedad y al sistema productivo y repercuten en el grado de desarrollo comarcal.
Evolución de la estructura demográfica de la provincia de Teruel durante el siglo XX
Authors: Rubio Terrado Pascual
Published: November 2017

Al estudiar la provincia de Teruel nos encontramos ante un espacio en el que como consecuencia de un tono vital regresivo, propiciado por la emigracibn rural, la casi despoblación y el envejecimiento biológico son las notas dominantes de su paisaje dernográfíco, y es que, por referirnos al momento presente, en 1988, con un censo de 149.579 habitantes de derecho, la densidad media provincial resulta de tan solo 10,1 habitantes/km2, cifra muy alejada de la media española (en torno a los 75 habitanteslkm2), pero, a la vez, un 19.6 % de la población tiene 65 y más años.
Conjuntos residenciales al margen del planeamiento en la periferia de Zaragoza
Authors: Sancho Martí José
Published: November 2017

Se plantea la problemática en torno a las "parcelaciones clandestinas" en los alrededores de Zaragoza, con un análisis de los factores que han intervenido en el proceso y su distribución espacial. El elevado número de usuarios exige buscar soluciones alternativas y cauces de legalizacibn.
Las divisorias de aguas como elementos del paisaje
Authors: González Hidalgo José Carlos
Published: November 2017

Ante la escasa utilidad que en ocasiones presenta el análisis de la red de drenaje en los medios de parcas precipitaciones, se plantea el estudio de las divisorias como paliativo de esta situación, teniendo presente que en ellas es donde en definitiva se genera el flujo.
Espacios naturales de ribera en el municipio de Zaragoza
Authors: Ollero Ojeda Alfredo
Published: November 2017

El término municipal de Zaragoza es recorrido por los ríos Ebro, Gállego y Huerva, cuyas riberas cuentan con un total de 606 Has. que podrían ser catalogadas como espacios naturales. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de ordenación del medio natural exponiendo el interés de los espacios ribereños zaragozanos, sus características, su localización, el diagnóstico de su situación actual y los impactos que sufren. concluyéndose con el planteamiento de alternativas.