bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospecção geofísica em ocorrência de cobre localizada na bacia sedimentar do Camaquã (RS)
Authors: Moreira César Augusto , Ilha Lenon Melo
Published: October 2011

Estudos de pesquisa mineral são fundamentais para o reconhecimento e a incorporação de novas reservas. Esse trabalho apresenta os resultados de aplicação do método geofísico da eletrorresistividade numa ocorrência mineralizada em carbonatos de cobre, por meio da técnica de caminhamento elétrico em arranjo azimutal. A área de estudos está inserida na bacia sedimentar do Camaquã, formada por um conjunto de unidades estratigráficas sedimentares e vulcanogênicas, onde são descritas diversas ocorrências cupríferas. A presença de azurita e malaquita em fraturas e zonas de maior porosidade em arenito encaixante define a geologia local. Os modelos de inversão revelam anomalias circulares de resistividade moderada para até 25m abaixo da ocorrência aflorante e anomalias de baixa resistividade em profundidades abaixo de 25m, além de áreas adjacentes com alta resistividade. Indicadores de mineralização descritos para ocorrências de cobre estudadas, no âmbito da bacia sedimentar do Camaquã, ocorrem na área de estudos e permitem caracterização em termos de resistividade elétrica. Áreas com silicificação apresentam alta resistividade, enquanto que valores intermediários são atribuídos a zonas com carbonatação e, finalmente, áreas de baixa resistividade, provavelmente, indicam concentrações de sulfetos disseminados.
Purificação de resíduos de oficina de artesanato em pedra-sabão por flotação e alvejamento químico
Authors: Rodrigues Michael Leonardo Marques , Lima Rosa Malena Fernandes
Published: October 2011

Na região de Ouro Preto-MG, existem diversas oficinas de artesanato em pedra-sabão. Nessas oficinas, o processo de fabricação de panelas e objetos de adorno, produz uma grande quantidade de resíduos, que, normalmente, são depositados nas proximidades das oficinas, sem nenhuma forma de controle. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo recuperar o talco contido na fração granulométrica abaixo de 74μm desses resíduos através de purificação por flotação e alvejamento químico com HCl. Entre as variáveis estudadas na flotação, apenas a porcentagem de sólidos e a dosagem de espumante se mostraram significativas com relação às variáveis-respostas: recuperação mássica e alvura. Nesse processo, produziu-se um concentrado com alvura (ISO) de 68,56% e com composição química que está de acordo com as especificações de tinta (espalhador) e papel (carga). Após alvejamento químico do concentrado de flotação, foram obtidos alvura (ISO) de 84,0% e teores químicos que estão dentro das especificações da indústria de plásticos (carga e reforço) e plásticos antiaderentes.
Tendências em dez anos das condições de saúde de idosos brasileiros: evidências da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (1998, 2003, 2008)
Authors: Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Matos Divane Leite , Camargos Vitor Passos , Macinko James
Published: October 2011

Foram examinadas as tendências em saúde da população idosa brasileira utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (1998-2008). O estudo incluiu uma amostra probabilística de 105.254 pessoas com > 60 anos de idade. A média da idade foi de 69 anos e 56% eram mulheres. Houve um aumento gradativo da boa autoavaliação da saúde (39,3%, 43,5% e 45,0% em 1998, 2003 e 2008, respectivamente) e uma diminuição na prevalência de artrite, doença do coração e depressão autorreferidas. A prevalência da hipertensão (43.9%, 48.8% e 53.3%, respectivamente) e do diabetes autorreferidos (10.3%, 13.0% e 16.1% respectivamente) aumentou acentuadamente. A prevalência da incapacidade para realizar atividades da vida diária (alimentar-se, tomar banho ou ir ao banheiro) permaneceu estável (6.5%, 6.4% e 6.9%, respectivamente). A realização de três ou mais consultas médicas nos 12 meses precedentes aumentou 21% entre 1998 e 2008. As hospitalizações diminuíram 10% no mesmo período. Essas tendências foram independentes do sexo e da idade. Os resultados mostram melhora em algumas dimensões da saúde dos idosos, mas não em todas. As mudanças no uso de serviços de saúde ocorreram como esperado em decorrência da expansão das atividades de atenção primária no Brasil.
Alcaloides e o chá de ayahuasca: uma correlação dos "estados alterados da consciência" induzido por alucinógenos
Authors: De Souza P.A.
Published: October 2011

Dentre as inúmeras plantas alucinógenas utilizadas por populações indígenas da bacia amazônica, talvez nenhuma delas seja mais interessante ou complexa em termos botânicos, químicos ou etnográficos, como a bebida alucinógena conhecida como ayahuasca, hoasca, medicina, vegetal ou daime. Ayahuasca é bebida psicotrópica da América do Sul de destacado uso no xamanismo de muitas tribos indígenas da Amazônia, obtida pela fervura da casca do cipó de Banisteriopis caapi com a mistura de folhas de Psycotria, principalmente P. viridis. No Brasil, ocupa posição de destaque na etnomedicina. A natureza química dos compostos ativos, bem como, a maneira de utilização faz com que essa bebida ocupe posição de destaque nos atuais estudos da neurofarmacologia, neurofisiologia e psiquiatria. Alucinógenos e substâncias relacionadas constituem poderosa base experimental para investigar a correlação biológica dos estados alterados de consciência. O estudo de alucinógenos em humanos é de suma importância porque as substâncias com essas propriedades afetam certas funções cerebrais que tipicamente caracterizam a mente humana, incluindo a cognição, volição, ego e auto-percepção. As várias manifestações dos "desequilíbrios do ego" são especialmente características psicodélicas proeminentes, que acabam naturalmente criando psicoses. Sumarizamos nessa revisão alguns aspectos importantes no estudo do chá de ayahuasca em humanos, as indicações e contra-indicações para fins terapêuticos e religiosos.
Estimulantes alimentares para larvas de pacu
Authors: Tesser Marcelo Borges , Portella Maria Célia
Published: October 2011

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o efeito estimulante de cinco aminoácidos (alanina, arginina, glicina, histidina e lisina) da betaína e de suas misturas sobre a taxa de ingestão de dieta microencapsulada durante o desenvolvimento larval de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Os resultados da análise estatística comprovaram a existência de efeito significativo, tanto da idade das larvas como dos aminoácidos, sobre a taxa de ingestão. No entanto, não houve significância estatística para a interação dos dois fatores. A glicina, a lisina e a betaína foram considerados bons estimuladores do comportamento alimentar de larvas de pacu.
An Update on Biotechnological Approaches for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato
Authors: Pandey Shashank K. , Nookaraju Akula , Upadhyaya Chandrama P. , Gururani Mayank A. , Venkatesh Jelli , Kim Doo‐Hwan , Park Se Won
Published: October 2011

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important vegetable crop in the world after potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and its productivity is influenced by different abiotic stresses. Though cultivated tomato is moderately tolerant to various abiotic stresses, the crop losses due to unfavorable environmental conditions can be unpredictably severe. So far, several efforts have been made to improve abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated tomato through cultural practices, breeding techniques, and biotechnological approaches. Introgression of abiotic stress tolerance to cultivated tomato from more tolerant wild relatives through classical breeding has been attempted with limited success. However, genetic engineering based on the introgression of genes that are known to be involved in stress response and putative stress tolerance could provide powerful tools for improving abiotic stress tolerance in tomato coupled with the growing knowledge of stress physiology. The present review summarizes the current status and future directions on the use of biotechnological approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.
Genetic Analysis of Populations Derived from Matings of Southern and Northern Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Feng L. , Burton J.W. , Carter T.E. , Miranda L.M. , St. Martin S.K. , Brownie C.
Published: October 2011

Genetic diversity is one of the important considerations in selecting parents for applied cultivar development in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Recent studies have shown that southern and northern U.S. soybean cultivars belong to two very distinct gene pools based on pedigree and molecular marker analysis. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of matings between southern and northern cultivars for applied soybean breeding. Nine populations were derived from matings of two southern soybean cultivars, Johnston and Stonewall, with three ancestral, A.K. (Harrow), Lincoln, and Mandarin, and three improved, Flyer, Sibley, and Zane, northern cultivars. Field trials showed statistically significant differences among and within crosses for mean yield, maturity, height, seed quality, seed weight, protein, oil, and fatty acid composition. There were significant differences in means and genetic variances among populations derived from male (northern) cultivars for mean yield and all other traits recorded. Results suggested that improved northern cultivars would be useful parents for practical breeding programs in the south. Populations derived from Flyer produced the highest mean yields. A significant correlation (r = –0.82) between coefficient of parentage (CP) value and genetic variance estimate for cross yield may indicate that CP is a useful measurement in predicting genetic variation among matings of inbred soybean cultivars.
The Positional Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Regulation of Rice Tiller Bud Growth
Authors: Liu Yang , Ding Yanfeng , Gu Dandan , Li Ganghua , Wang Qiangsheng , Wang Shaohua
Published: October 2011

Auxin and cytokinin (CTK) play important roles in the regulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) tiller bud growth. Auxin inhibits bud growth and CTK promotes growth; however, little is known about the positional effects of these hormones in the regulation of rice tiller bud growth. In the present study, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA) (a synthetic CTK) were applied to different leaves and roots at the tillering and heading stages of rice development, and the growth of rice tiller buds on the unelongated and elongated internodes was measured. Additionally, hormonal variations of the plants were examined and recorded. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the positional effects of auxin and CTK on the regulation of rice tiller bud growth. The results indicate that IAA has a notable positional effect on the regulation of rice tiller bud growth, and the positional effect of IAA was closely related to its polar transport. An increase in leaf IAA levels inhibited the growth of tiller buds located at unelongated nodes; however, growth of tiller buds at elongated nodes was inhibited only when IAA levels were increased in the upper‐stem leaves or the leaves at which the tiller bud was located. Contrary to IAA, 6‐BA had no positional effect on rice tiller bud growth. Application of 6‐BA to different leaves and roots significantly promoted the growth of rice tiller buds at both unelongated and elongated nodes.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis for the Effect of Rht‐B1 Dwarfing Gene on Coleoptile Length and Seedling Root Length and Number of Bread Wheat
Authors: Li P. , Chen J. , Wu P. , Zhang J. , Chu C. , See D. , Brown‐Guedira G. , Zemetra R. , Souza E.
Published: October 2011

It has been documented that the dwarfing genes, Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b, can reduce wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptile length (CL), but their effects on number of roots (RN) and root length (RL) have not been determined. Our objectives were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling CL, RN, and RL and to determine if any of the QTL correspond to wheat dwarfing genes. A population consisting of 159 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived from the cross of Rio Blanco (Rht‐B1b, Rht‐D1a), a semidwarf cultivar with short CL, and IDO444 (Rht‐B1a, Rht‐D1a), a tall germplasm with long CL. The CL, RN, longest root length (LRL), and total root length (TRL) were evaluated at two temperature regimes (18 and 22°C). A major QTL mapped to the Rht‐B1 locus on chromosome 4B explained 64% of the phenotypic variation for CL, 9% for LRL, 26% for TRL, and 14% for plant height. The CL of the semidwarf RILs was significantly less than that of the tall lines while the reverse results were observed for LRL and TRL. Our results indicated that the Rht‐B1 gene had the pleiotropic effect of decreasing CL while increasing LRL and TRL. None of the six QTL for RN were mapped to the regions containing the Rht‐B1 locus although semidwarf RILs had more roots than the tall lines. This study suggested that selection of the Rht‐B1b allele tended to increase root biomass, perhaps ameliorating its negative effect of reduced CL.
Transgenic Rice Expressing a Fusion Protein of Cry1Ab and Cry9Aa Confers Resistance to a Broad Spectrum of Lepidopteran Pests
Authors: Gao Jianhua , Zhang Yu'e , Zhao Qichao , Lin Chaoyang , Xu Xiaoli , Shen Zhicheng
Published: October 2011

The truncated active Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin genes, cry1Ab and cry9Aa, were fused to create a fusion gene, cry1Ab–cry9Aa, encoding a protein of about 146 kDa with Cry1Ab at the N terminus and Cry9Aa at the C terminus. The fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli is highly active against some major lepidopteran pests—oriental armyworm [Mythimna separata (Walker)], Asian corn borer [Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)], cotton bollworm [Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)], and tobacco cutworm [Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)]. This fusion gene under the control of the corn (Zea mays L.) polyubiquitin‐1 promoter was transformed into rice (Oryza sativa L.) via Agribacterium‐mediated transformation. Western blot analysis suggested that the transgenic lines, C19‐2 and C19‐25, were two high expressers among the 35 transgenic lines obtained. Southern blot analysis revealed that the line C19‐2 contains a single copy of the T‐DNA, while the C19‐25 has three copies. Insecticidal activity assays demonstrated that most of the transgenic rice lines expressing this fusion protein are highly resistant to rice stem borer [Chilo suppressalis (Walker)] and rice leaf folder [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)]. This study suggested that this fusion gene could be useful for engineering transgenic crops for the control of lepidopteran pests.
The Value of "Vehicle to Grid" Integration into Warehouse Logistics Management - Case of Slovenian Retailer
Authors: Knez Matjaž , Bajor Peter
Published: October 2011

The Value of "Vehicle to Grid" Integration into Warehouse Logistics Management - Case of Slovenian Retailer

Wide-scale application photovoltaic energy sources for electricity production purposes is quite a challenge in Slovenia. The nature of sun is unpredictable, and the Slovenian National Grid has no significant storage opportunities today - if the V2G (vehicle-to-grid) solutions could be competitive in the near future we could prepare for the special circumstances: the batteries of electrically driven forklifts could provide attractive storage functions for renewable electricity storage. The following paper presents an overview of some "environmental background approaches" to show the complexity of this innovative system and to show the value of V2G technology and its application in warehouse logistics.
Does Public Administration Higher Education in CEECs Reflect Demands Created by NPM Reforms?
Authors: Nemec Juraj , Spacek David , Suwaj Patrycja , Modrzejewski Artur
Published: October 2011

Does Public Administration Higher Education in CEECs Reflect Demands Created by NPM Reforms?

The first part of the paper summarizes NPM approaches in public administration reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs), and focuses particularly on contracting of public services delivery, outsourcing of supportive services in public organizations and Program (performance) budgeting and performance evaluation and financing. The problems discussed in the first part open a discussion on public management education of civil servants in CEECs with which deals the second part of the paper. The data available clearly indicate that the contents and quality of public management higher education in the three selected countries - Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland - do not meet the current needs of a modern state.
Positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: October 2011

Positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices

Conditions for the existence of positive stable realizations with system Metzler matrices for linear continuous-time systems are established. A procedure for finding a positive stable realization with system Metzler matrix based on similarity transformation of proper transfer matrices is proposed and demonstrated on numerical examples. It is shown that if the poles of stable transfer matrix are real then the classical Gilbert method can be used to find the positive stable realization.
Innovation policy at regional level
Authors: Vanžura Jan
Published: October 2011

Inovační politika na regionální úrovni

Možnost regionů vytvářet vlastní inovační politiku do značné míry závisí na jejich pravomocích a dostupných finančních a lidských zdrojích. Podmínky pro vytvoření efektivního inovačního systému na regionální úrovni však závisí i na dalších okolnostech, především na vůli regionálních samospráv angažovat se v inovační politice. Cílem článku je zhodnotit postavení českých krajů při vytváření vlastní inovační politiky a způsob její implementace. První část článku čtenáře stručně seznamuje s přístupy k implementaci inovační politiky v několika státech EU, následuje porovnání angažovanosti českých krajů v inovační politice podle metodiky projektu Regional Innovation Monitor.
New analytic results for the Zernike circle polynomials from a basic result in the Nijboer-Zernike diffraction theory
Authors: Janssen A. J. E. M.
Published: October 2011

Several quantities related to the Zernike circle polynomials admit an expression, via the basic identity in the diffraction theory of Nijboer and Zernike, as an infinite integral involving the product of two or three Bessel functions. In this paper these integrals are identified and evaluated explicitly for the cases of (a) the expansion coefficients of scaled-and-shifted circle polynomials, (b) the expansion coefficients of the correlation of two circle polynomials, (c) the Fourier coefficients occurring in the cosine representation of the radial part of the circle polynomials.
Analytical expressions for diffraction-free beams through an opaque disk
Authors: Huang Qiulin , Coëtmellec Sebastien , Duval Fabrice , Louis Anne , Leblond Herve , Brunel Marc
Published: October 2011

We establish analytical expressions that demonstrate that the beam produced after diffraction of a gaussian beam by an opaque disk and collimation by a lens can be approached by a diffraction-free J0 Bessel function. We further demonstrate that a similar analytical expression can be established in the case of femtosecond incident pulses.
Tinea pedis: An Update
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Tilak Ragini , Prakash Pradyot , Nigam Chaitanya , Gupta Richa
Published: October 2011

Cutaneous fungal infections are a widespread public health concern affecting millions of people all across the world. Nearly half of those affected will experience multiple episodes of infection requiring numerous rounds of treatment. Tinea pedis is a common superficial fungal skin infection of the feet. It is emerging as an important and a significantly prevalent infection in an increasingly aging population and immunocompromised patients. This mycotic infection is contagious, frequently misdiagnosed and often inadequately treated. Considering the uprising prevalence of tinea pedis, in this review article predisposing factors, etiologic agents involved in pathogenesis, clinical presentation of the disease, proper diagnostic tests and the treatment options commercially available are reviewed. Key Words: Tinea pedis; Dermatophytes; KOH Mount; PAS Reaction DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4430 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 134-138
Les lampes à entonnoir d'Algérie
Authors: Bussière Jean
Published: October 2011

The author studies an uncommon series of funnel-shaped lamps discovered in Algeria. Considered by some archaeologists as being Punic, by others as being Arab, these lamps are thought to be a local production of the Und or 1st c. B.C. whose major location is Constantine. The morphology of such lamps actually derives from Greek shapes many parallels of which are given by the author.
Habitats fortifiés pré-impériaux en Tunisie antique
Authors: Ferchiou Naidé
Published: October 2011

Au cours de cette étude, sont présentées et décrites un certain nombre de localités entourées de remparts ; ceux-ci semblent, en général, être antérieurs à l'Empire, d'après les techniques de construction et la céramique récoltée au pied même de ces enceintes. Ces habitats pré-impériaux sont classés d'après leur implantation topographique. Le groupe étudié ici fait partie d'un inventaire plus général de ce type d'habitat, en cours de préparation.
Les marques de potiers sur terra sigillata découvertes en Algérie. [III. Sigillées orientale, pseudo-tripolitaine et d'origines diverses]
Authors: Guéry Roger
Published: October 2011

Cet article constitue la suite des études précédemment publiées consacrées aux estampilles hispaniques et gallo-romaines (Ant. afr., t. 13, 1979, p. 23-97) et tardo-italiques (Ant. afr., t. 23, 1987, p. 149-191).

Il intéresse un lot de cinquante-deux timbres rares ou inédits, dont les lieux de production sont inconnus ou controversés, à l'exclusion d'un exemplaire sur sigillée orientale A. Les autres rubriques traitent successivement des marques sur terra sigillata pseudo-tripolitaine et des timbres épigraphiques, pseudo-épigraphiques et anépigraphes dont un sur pré-arétine. Est enfin signalée une estampille issue d'un atelier légionnaire.
Sponge-associated Haplosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) from the Caribbean Sea, with the description of four new species
Authors: Lattig Patricia , Martín Daniel
Published: October 2011

The present paper reports results from the study of a wide collection of specimens of the genus Haplosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) obtained mainly from sponges of different Caribbean regions (Barbados, Bahamas, Belize, Bermudas, Colombia and Venezuela). Four new species are herein described and illustrated. H. aplysinicola n. sp., the most common Caribbean species, found only in species of genus Aplysina; H. chaetafusorata n. sp., found inside the sponge Verongula rigida and characterized by having traces of fusion between blade and shaft on mid-body and posterior chaetae; H. navasi n. sp., found in Colombian waters inside the sponge Ircinia strobilina and characterized by having mid-body dorsal cirri of all similar in length and by the broad acicula and proventriculum; and H. niphatesicola n. sp., collected inside sponges of genus Niphates and characterized by alternating long and short mid-body cirri, round dorsal granules throughout, and broad posterior acicula. Finally, H. cephalata and H. gula are registered for the first time in Colombian waters, and new information about their habitat is provided. Current knowledge on the relationships between the symbiotic Haplosyllis and their hosts known to date is discussed.
Update on Neglected Tropical Diseases of the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Fischer Esther , Macpherson Calum N.L.
Published: October 2011

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are responsible for millions of deaths and disabilities yearly, around the globe. The largest burden of these diseases falls on communities with poor access to basic sanitation, healthcare facilities, and educational programs. This review focuses on advances in vaccination, treatment and control programs over the past decade for the major NTDs of the Western Hemisphere: malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, ankylostomiasis, lymphatic filiariasis, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), and onchocerciasis.

The discussion centers on challenges for NTD eradication and prospects for the future.
Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008
Authors: Schmale J. , Schneider J. , Ancellet G. , Quennehen B. , Stohl A. , Sodemann H. , Burkhart J. F. , Hamburger T. , Arnold S. R. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Borrmann S. , Law K. S.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. We deployed an aerosol mass spectrometer during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) summer campaign in Greenland in June/July 2008 on the research aircraft ATR-42. Online size resolved chemical composition data of submicron aerosol were collected up to 7.6 km altitude in the region 60 to 71° N and 40 to 60° W. Biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) plumes originating from North America, Asia, Siberia and Europe were sampled. Transport pathways of detected plumes included advection below 700 hPa, air mass uplifting in warm conveyor belts, and high altitude transport in the upper troposphere. By means of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, trace gas analysis of O3 and CO, particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition 48 pollution events were identified and classified into five chemically distinct categories. Aerosol from North American BB consisted of 22% particulate sulphate, while with increasing anthropogenic and Asian influence aerosol in Asian FF dominated plumes was composed of up to 37% sulphate category mean value. Overall, it was found that the organic matter fraction was larger (85%) in pollution plumes than for background conditions (71%). Despite different source regions and emission types the particle oxygen to carbon ratio of all plume classes was around 1 indicating low-volatility highly oxygenated aerosol. The volume size distribution of out-of-plume aerosol showed markedly smaller modes than all other distributions with two Aitken mode diameters of 24 and 43 nm and a geometric standard deviation σg of 1.12 and 1.22, respectively, while another very broad mode was found at 490 nm (σg = 2.35). Nearly pure BB particles from North America exhibited an Aitken mode at 66 nm (σg = 1.46) and an accumulation mode diameter of 392 nm (σg = 1.76). An aerosol lifetime, including all processes from emission to detection, in the range between 7 and 11 days was derived for North American emissions.
Launch of the European Journal of Taxonomy (EJT)
Authors: Benichou Laurence , Martens Koen , Higley Graham , Gérard Isabelle , Dessein Steven , Duin Daphne
Published: October 2011

No Abstract
A new species of Anadia (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Venezuelan “Lost World”, northern South America
Authors: Kok Philippe , Rivas Gilson A.
Published: October 2011

A new gymnophthalmid lizard of the genus Anadia Gray, 1845 is described from the summit of Abakapá-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela, between 2200-2242 m elevation. The new species, Anadia mcdiarmidi sp. nov., is endemic to the Chimantá Massif and seemingly also occurs on Amurí-tepui and Murei-tepui. The new taxon is mainly distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: body fairly robust, tail longer than SVL, dorsal scales small, quadrangular, middorsal scales 53-57, suboculars large, subequal in size, with sometimes one scale slightly protruding downward between 4th and 5th supralabial, nasal entire, without sub-nostril groove, body uniform greyish to bluish brown in life, devoid of any conspicuous pattern in males, venter immaculate golden grey in life, femoral pores not extending onto preanal area, 9-10 on each side in males, preanal pores absent, hemipenis globose, weakly bilobed, bordered by numerous flounces (>20) bearing comblike rows of minute weakly mineralized spinules.
Developing an Ethics and Policy Framework for Psychedelic Clinical Care: A Consensus Statement
Authors: McGuire Amy L. , Cohen I. Glenn , Sisti Dominic , Baggott Matthew , Celidwen Yuria , Devenot Neşe , Gracias Sabrina , Grob Charles , Harvey Ifetayo , Kious Brent , Marks Mason , Mithoefer Michael , Nielson Elizabeth , Öngür Dost , Pallas Alexandra , Peterson Andrew , Schenberg Eduardo E. , Summergrad Paul , Waters Brett , Williams Monnica T. , Yaden David B.
Published: June 2024

Importance

As government agencies around the globe contemplate approval of the first psychedelic medicines, many questions remain about their ethical integration into mainstream medical practice.

Objective

To identify key ethics and policy issues related to the eventual integration of psychedelic therapies into clinical practice.

Evidence Review

From June 9 to 12, 2023, 27 individuals representing the perspectives of clinicians, researchers, Indigenous groups, industry, philanthropy, veterans, retreat facilitators, training programs, and bioethicists convened at the Banbury Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Prior to the meeting, attendees submitted key ethics and policy issues for psychedelic medicine. Responses were categorized into 6 broad topics: research ethics issues; managing expectations and informed consent; therapeutic ethics; training, education, and licensure of practitioners; equity and access; and appropriate role of gatekeeping. Attendees with relevant expertise presented on each topic, followed by group discussion. Meeting organizers (A.L.M., I.G.C., D.S.) drafted a summary of the discussion and recommendations, noting points of consensus and disagreement, which were discussed and revised as a group.

Findings

This consensus statement reports 20 points of consensus across 5 ethical issues (reparations and reciprocity, equity, and respect; informed consent; professional boundaries and physical touch; personal experience; and gatekeeping), with corresponding relevant actors who will be responsible for implementation. Areas for further research and deliberation are also identified.

Conclusions and Relevance

This consensus statement focuses on the future of government-approved medical use of psychedelic medicines in the US and abroad. This is an incredibly exciting and hopeful moment, but it is critical that policymakers take seriously the challenges ahead.
Predictors of SOZ localization, subsequent surgical intervention, and seizure outcomes in iEEG
Authors: Jha Rohan , Chua Melissa M. J. , Sarkis Rani , Tobochnik Steven , Rolston John D.
Published: June 2024

Objective

A third of the patients who undergo intracranial EEG (iEEG) for seizure‐onset zone (SOZ) localization do not proceed to resective surgery for epilepsy, and over half of those who do continue to have seizures following treatment. To better identify candidates who are more likely to see benefits from undergoing iEEG, we investigated preoperative and iEEG peri‐operative features associated with the localization of a putative SOZ, undergoing subsequent surgical treatment, and seizure outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent iEEG from 2001 to 2022 at two institutions. Outcomes included SOZ identification, proceeding to surgical treatment (resection vs. neuromodulation), and subsequent seizure freedom.

Results

We identified 329 unique patients who were followed for a median of 3.9 (IQR:7) years, with a minimum of 2‐year follow‐up for seizure outcomes analyses. Multivariate analysis identified lateralized and lobar localization on scalp EEG (OR 3.8, p = 0.001) to be associated with SOZ localization. Patients with unilateral localization on scalp EEG (OR 3.0, p = 0.003), unilateral preimplantation hypothesis (OR 3.1, p = 0.001), and lesional preoperative MRI (OR 2.1, p = 0.033) were more likely to undergo resection than neuromodulation. Similarly, a unilateral pre‐implantation hypothesis (OR 2.6, p < 0.001) favored seizure freedom, whereas prior neuromodulation (OR 0.3, p = 0.013) decreased the odds. Larger number of preoperative anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) did not influence seizure freedom rates but did decrease favorable (Engel I, II) seizure outcomes (OR 0.7, p = 0.026).

Interpretation

Non‐invasive localization data prior to iEEG are associated with subsequent resection and seizure freedom, independent of iEEG localization. Factors predictive of SOZ localization are not necessarily predictive of post‐operative seizure freedom.
Parameter learning of multi‐input multi‐output Hammerstein system with measurement noises utilizing combined signals
Authors: Li Feng , Sun Xueqi , Cao Qingfeng
Published: June 2024

In this article, the parameter learning scheme for the multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) Hammerstein nonlinear systems under measurement noises is studied, which is derived by exploiting the correlation analysis and data filtering technique. The coupled MIMO Hammerstein system presented involves a static nonlinear subsystem modeled by neural fuzzy model (NFM), and a dynamic linear subsystem established by autoregressive moving average with extra input (ARMAX) model. To learn the unknown parameter of the MIMO Hammerstein system, the combined signals are designed to realize that identification of the nonlinear subsystem is separated from that of linear subsystem. First, the correlation properties of separable signals in a nonlinear system are analyzed, then the parameters of the linear subsystem are estimated utilizing correlation analysis, which can deal with the issue of unmeasured intermediate variable in the Hammerstein system. Second, the data filtering technique is introduced to derive the data filtering‐based recursive least squares technique for learning the nonlinear subsystem parameter, which can reduce the impact of the moving average noise and improve the precision of parameter estimation. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed identification scheme is proved by numerical simulation and nonlinear pH process.
High‐Efficiency Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Carbon Dots with Simultaneously Ultrabright Solid‐State and Liquid‐State Luminescence
Authors: Li Jiurong , Zhao Haiguang , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: June 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) are ideal fluorophores for optoelectronic devices. However, it is still a great challenge to obtain CDs with high solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). In this work, it is first reported that the barium‐doped CDs (Ba‐CDs), which can be simply synthesized on a large scale via a direct one‐step heating approach using an open vessel. The as‐synthesized Ba‐CDs exhibit ultrabright luminescence both in liquid and solid states. The as‐synthesized Ba‐CDs with a scale of 8.6 g per batch show a Stokes shift of ≈0.68 eV and high PLQYs of 80.8% and 66.8% in liquid and solid state, respectively. Interestingly, an efficient fluorescence enhancement phenomenon occurs when Ba‐CDs are mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which reveals the critical issue of compatibility between CDs and polymer matrix can be well resolved. As a proof‐of‐concept, the Ba‐CDs are employed as fluorophores for high‐efficiency luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) fabrication. The Ba‐CDs@PVP‐based LSC has a PLQY of 88.78%, showing a breakthrough optical conversion efficiency of 7.16% and power conversion efficiency of 6.87% under natural light irradiation (40 mW cm−2). The results demonstrate the potential application of the ultrabright Ba‐CDs in efficient photovoltaic devices.
Electrically Injected Metamaterial Grating DFB Laser Exploiting an Ultra‐High Q Electromagnetic Induced Transparency Resonance for Spectral Selection
Authors: Dubrovina Natalia , Liang Yaoyao , Gaimard Quentin , Brac de la Perrière Vincent , Merghem Kamel , Benisty Henri , de Lustrac André , Ramdane Abderrahim , Lupu Anatole
Published: June 2024

The study shows that, in waveguide (WG) configuration, the coupling of a 2D plasmonic metamaterial grating (MMG) having a conventional Bragg period along the guide but a distinct period along the transverse axis can lead to Electromagnetically‐Induced‐Transparency (EIT) behavior. This epitomizes that metamaterials, as functional photonic building blocks, can lead to low losses in many standard devices if properly designed. The study reported the observation in passive WGs of a marked Fano‐type EIT resonance with record high‐quality factor: Q = 5000 and contrast >20 dB. Unlike any standard metal grating, MMG‐assisted waveguides exhibit strong grating coupling strength and low‐loss properties simultaneously. This concept is further applied to demonstrate single‐frequency‐emission electrically‐injected Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers in the near‐infrared telecom domain. The key point is that laser emission occurs at the peak of EIT, i.e., the maximum in transmission. It therefore addresses one of the main critical issues of DFB lasers related to the single frequency yield. The laser performances are state‐of‐the‐art (Ith < 20 mA, Pmax > 20 mW at I  =  200 mA, SMSR > 50 dB, optical feedback tolerance >−21 dB compliant with IEEE 802.3 standard). The presented approach, compatible with existing industrial technologies, is promising for real‐life telecom applications.
Impact of Potassium in Layered Cobalt Oxide Cathodes on Electrochemical Performance in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mikhailova Daria , Haase Lea , Nguyen Hoang Bao An , Thomas Alexander , Gorbunov Mikhail V. , Hantusch Martin , Avdeev Maxim
Published: June 2024

Rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries are promising sustainable energy storage systems, owing to their low cost and high energy density. However, the existing cathode chemistries, particularly layered sodium transition metal oxides, exhibit restricted electrochemical performance, which hinders their extensive applications. To overcome challenges, originating from kinetically limited structural transformations, various cation substitutions are reported in the literature. Especially the partial Na–K replacement is discussed recently, which can increase bulk Na‐diffusivity and suppress undesirable phase transitions. Here, a critical study of potassium doping in different layered materials P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 and P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O with redox‐active Co (and Mn), and P2‐Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 and P2‐K0.1Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 with Co activity is presented. It is found that the presence of K significantly enhances the moisture sensitivity: P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O is quickly formed in the air from K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2, while Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 remains stable under the same conditions. In electrochemical Na‐cells, a partial K–Na cation exchange in P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 and P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O occurs without applying current. The electrochemical performance of P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 is slightly increased in comparison to K‐free P2‐Na0.67Co0.33MnO.67O2 from the literature, staying, however, behind the performance of Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2. K0.1Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 shows weaker rate capability than isostructural Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2, reflecting a negative impact of K on Na‐diffusivity. Therefore, effect of K‐incorporation in layered structures on the battery performance strongly depends on the cathode composition.
MXene@MnIn2S4‐Gated Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistors with Nanozyme‐Mediated Multiple Quenching Effects for Ultrasensitive Detection of Okadaic Acid
Authors: Chi Jingtian , Ju Peng , Bi Fan , Wang Shiliang , Jiang Tiantong , Wen Siyu , Cai Yueyuan , Yin Xiaofei , Qiu Meng
Published: June 2024

Organic optoelectronics have attracted widespread interdisciplinary research interest but lags far behind in the application in marine environmental detection. The organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) shows promise as a powerful tool for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of marine conditions, which can be further enhanced by the valuable signal amplification strategy of nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation. Herein, OPECT technology is integrated with nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation for the first time, establishing an ultrasensitive detection platform for okadaic acid (OA). Specifically, MXene@MnIn2S4 (MXMnIS) hybrid composed of Schottky‐junction is synthesized via a hydrothermal method, which can efficiently modulate the device with high current gain. Linking with a sandwich immunoassay, the Ru‐C3N4 nanozyme with peroxidase‐mimicking activity can catalyze the oxidation of 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol (4‐CN) to form an insoluble precipitate on the electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the photocurrent and altering the transistor response. Importantly, the proposed OPECT biosensor presented an excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit (32.5 pM), fully satisfying the fundamental requirements for the quantitative detection of intracellular and extracellular OA in the practical culture media of Prorocentrum lima at different growth stages. This OPECT platform based on the nanozyme‐mediated quenching effect is significant for effectively monitoring the safety of the marine ecological environment and food safety.
Elastic–Plastic Fully π‐Conjugated Polymer with Excellent Energy Dissipation Capacity for Ultra‐Deep‐Blue Flexible Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with CIEy = 0.04
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Yu Ningning , Gong Huaqiang , Li Mengyuan , Xu Weifeng , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Sun Zhiyang , Ni Mingjian , Huang Wenxin , Yang Jing , Lin Yingru , Wang Lizhi , Li Hao , Liang Xinyu , Sun Ning , Sun Lili , Bai Lubing , Han Yamin , Tao Youtian , Xu Man , Yin Chengrong , An Xiang , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: June 2024

Emerging intrinsically flexible fully π‐conjugated polymers (FπCPs) are a promising functional material for flexible optoelectronics, attributed to their potential interchain interpenetration and entanglement. However, the challenge remains in obtaining elastic–plastic FπCPs with intrinsic robust optoelectronic property and excellent long‐term and cycling deformation stability simultaneously for applications in deep‐blue flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). This study, demonstrates a series of elastic‐plastic FπCPs (P1–P4) with an excellent energy dissipation capacity via side‐chain internal plasticization for the ultra‐deep‐blue flexible PLEDs. First, the freestanding P1 film exhibited a maximum fracture strain of 34.6%. More interestingly, the elastic behavior is observed with a low strain (≤10%), and the stretched film with a high deformation (>10%) attributed to plastic processing revealed the robust capacity to realize energy absorption and release. The elastic–plastic P1 film exhibits outstanding ultra‐deep‐blue emission, with an efficiency of 56.38%. Subsequently, efficient PLEDs are fabricated with an ultra‐deep‐blue emission of CIE (0.16, 0.04) and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.73%. Finally, stable and efficient ultra‐deep‐blue electroluminescence are obtained from PLEDs based on stretchable films with different strains and cycling deformations, suggesting excellent elastic–plastic behavior and deformation stability for flexible electronics.
Dion‐Jacobson 2D Perovskite 2AMPPbBr4 with Type II Band Alignment for Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Zhang Zhihang , Jiao Bo , Pan Fang , Wang Jianing , Li Jingrui , Liang Zezhou , Li Haomiao , Yan Lihe , Wang Dongdong , Zhou Guijiang , Hou Xun , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: June 2024

2D hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative material to address the environmental stability and the ion‐migration of the 3D perovskites for direct X‐ray detector applications. Nevertheless, the X‐ray detection performance of the 2D hybrid perovskites still lags because of its low X‐ray attenuation ability and limited solubility for thick film deposition. Here, a high‐performance X‐ray detector in Dion‐Jacobson 2D hybrid perovskite, 2(aminomethyl) pyridinium lead bromide (2AMPPbBr4), is studied. 2AMPPbBr4 exhibits an ultra‐short interlayer distance of 3.43 Å, leading to high X‐ray attenuation ability. Furthermore, DFT results indicate that 2AMPPbBr4 exhibits type II band alignment between 2AMP2+ ligand and the [PbI6]4− layers, facilitating effective spatial separation of photo‐generated carriers. The X‐ray detector made of 2AMPPbBr4 with an average thickness of 200 µm is realized via an improved drop‐casting method. An improved X‐ray sensitivity of 3933.88 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 4.17 nGy s−1 is achieved. This work paves the way for high‐performance X‐ray detectors based on the emerging 2D perovskite materials.
2D Growth of BiSCl as Anisotropic Photodetector with Ultrahigh Responsivity and Detectivity
Authors: Lin Ziheng , Yuan Xuanhao , Wang Ruize , Li Yan , Shi Lei , Cui Weili , Liang Lishan , Huang Zihao , Tian Fei , Sun Yong , Wang Chengxin
Published: June 2024

BiSCl, which shares the anisotropic chain‐like lattice configuration with the BiVXVIYVII (XS, Se; YCl, Br, I) family displays high photoelectric conversion efficiency in the UV–vis wavelength region. The current difficulty in 2D growth restricts the investigation of device performance and further integration. Herein, an epitaxial growth strategy for 2D BiSCl is proposed based on the principle of sharing a chloridion layer at the BiSCl/BiOCl interface. The interfacial atomic arrangement is carefully revealed using atomic resolved AC‐TEM(Spherical Aberration High Transmission Electron Microscope) and demonstrated by calculations based on density functional theory. Benefiting from its compatibility with PS‐assisted large‐scale transfer technology, the photoelectric performance is evaluated by constructing a standard symmetrical photoconductor and Graphene‐BiSCl Schottky junction device. High responsivity (1.71 × 104 A W−1) and detectivity (5.9 × 1016. Jones) are achieved at 405 nm, and robustness is shown in a broadband spectrum, which manifested prominent anisotropic photoelectric behavior and great potential in weak‐light detection. These results elucidate the photoelectric applications of BiSCl semiconductors and the structural design of the BiVXVIYVII family.
Deep Study of Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Delobel Clément , Chefdeville Emmanuel , Toulgoat Fabien , Billard Thierry
Published: June 2024

Thiocarbamoyl fluoride is an understudied fluorinated group, mainly due to the paucity of data on its properties. Herein, an in‐depth study of the stability of thiocarbamoyl fluorides, especially under near‐physiological conditions, is described. Since efficient and easy to implement syntheses of these compounds are still under‐described, a new method, based on the use of a trifluoromethanesulfenamide, a well‐described reagent, has also been developed. This trifluoromethanesulfenamide turned out to be able to generate in situ difluorothiophosgene, which was able to react rapidly with amines to provide various thiocarbamoyl fluorides.
A Bias‐Dependent Weight Update Characteristics of Low Power Synaptic Pass‐Transistors with a Hf‐Doped ZnO Channel Layer
Authors: Cha Danyoung , Pi Jeongseok , Do Gyoungyeop , Lee Nayeong , Tae Kunhee , Lee Sungsik
Published: June 2024

A study on a bias voltage‐dependent weight update characteristics in a sub‐threshold region of a low power synaptic pass‐transistor (SPT) is presented with a Hf‐doped zinc oxide active layer. The SPT is a synaptic thin‐film transistor (TFT) in series with a load TFT which is used as a resistive load (RL) to be scaled by a bias voltage (VB). Here, when theVBof the load TFT is modulated, theRLcan be changed. With the changedRL, it is expected that the weight update characteristics (i.e., dynamic ratio) and electrical characteristics (i.e., power consumption) of the SPT are varied, respectively, suggesting a trade‐off relation between the dynamic ratio and power consumption. To check these, the pulsed characteristics of the fabricated SPT is monitored for differentVB, respectively. From experimental results, as increasingVB, it is found that the decreasedRLleads to the increase of the power consumption while enhancing the dynamic ratio because a full depression (FD) can be relatively easy. On the other hand, when theVBis reduced, theRLis increased resulting in the decrease of both the power dissipation and the dynamic ratio due to a difficulty of FD.