bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment-Based Classification System for Low Back Pain: Revision and Update
Authors: Alrwaily Muhammad , Timko Michael , Schneider Michael , Stevans Joel , Bise Christopher , Hariharan Karthik , Delitto Anthony
Published: December 2015

The treatment-based classification (TBC) system for the treatment of patients with low back pain (LBP) has been in use by clinicians since 1995. This perspective article describes how the TBC was updated by maintaining its strengths, addressing its limitations, and incorporating recent research developments. The current update of the TBC has 2 levels of triage: (1) the level of the first-contact health care provider and (2) the level of the rehabilitation provider. At the level of first-contact health care provider, the purpose of the triage is to determine whether the patient is an appropriate candidate for rehabilitation, either by ruling out serious pathologies and serious comorbidities or by determining whether the patient is appropriate for self-care management. At the level of the rehabilitation provider, the purpose of the triage is to determine the most appropriate rehabilitation approach given the patient's clinical presentation. Three rehabilitation approaches are described. A symptom modulation approach is described for patients with a recent—new or recurrent—LBP episode that has caused significant symptomatic features. A movement control approach is described for patients with moderate pain and disability status. A function optimization approach is described for patients with low pain and disability status. This perspective article emphasizes that psychological and comorbid status should be assessed and addressed in each patient. This updated TBC is linked to the American Physical Therapy Association's clinical practice guidelines for low back pain.
Multidisciplinary Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Saragiotto Bruno T. , de Almeida Matheus O. , Yamato Tiê P. , Maher Chris G.
Published: December 2015

 highlights the findings and application of Cochrane reviews and other evidence pertinent to the practice of physical therapy. The Cochrane Library is a respected source of reliable evidence related to health care. Cochrane systematic reviews explore the evidence for and against the effectiveness and appropriateness of interventions—medications, surgery, education, nutrition, exercises—and the evidence for and against the use of diagnostic tests for specific conditions. Cochrane reviews are designed to facilitate the decisions of clinicians, patients, and others in health care by providing a careful review and interpretation of research studies published in the scientific literature.1Each article in thisPTJseries will summarize a Cochrane review or other scientific evidence resource on a single topic and will present clinical scenarios based on real patients to illustrate how the results of the review can be used to directly inform clinical decisions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for nonspecific chronic low back pain.Can multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation help this patient with chronic low back pain?
Seriously Considering Design in Educational Games
Authors: Gaydos Matthew
Published: December 2015

Research suggests that well-designed games can be good for learning under the right conditions. How such games are designed remains poorly understood, as studies have focused more on whether games can produce learning than on how such games work or how they can be reliably developed. That is, though the design of a game is considered essential to its effectiveness, educational games lack a theory-informed definition and have predominantly shared design in terms of “principles” or “heuristics.” The aim of this paper is to discuss how we define and share educational game design and why design is important for improving educational game research and development.
Dynamic modelling of future glacier changes: mass-balance/elevation feedback in projections for the Vestfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard
Authors: Schäfer M. , Möller M. , Zwinger T. , Moore J.C.
Published: December 2015

Future projections of the evolution of ice caps as well as ice sheets and consequent sea-level rise face several methodological challenges, one being the two-way coupling between ice flow and mass-balance models. Full two-way coupling between mass-balance models – or, in a wider scope, climate models – and ice flow models has rarely been implemented due to substantial technical challenges. Here we examine some coupling effects for the Vestfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, by analysing the impacts of different coupling intervals on mass-balance and sea-level rise projections. By comparing coupled to traditionally deployed uncoupled strategies, we prove that neglecting the topographic feedbacks in the coupling leads to underestimations of 10–20% in sea-level rise projections on century timescales in our model. As imposed climate scenarios increasingly change mass balance, uncertainties in the unknown evolution of the fast-flowing outlet glaciers decrease in importance due to their deceleration and reduced mass flux as they thin and retreat from the coast. Parameterizing mass-balance adjustment for changes in topography using lapse rates as a cost-effective alternative to full coupling produces satisfactory results for modest climate change scenarios. We introduce a method to estimate the error of the presented partially coupled model with respect to as yet unperformed two-way fully coupled results.
Extreme snow metamorphism in the Allan Hills, Antarctica, as an analogue for glacial conditions with implications for stable isotope composition
Authors: Dadic Ruzica , Schneebeli Martin , Bertler Nancy A.N. , Schwikowski Margit , Matzl Margret
Published: December 2015

Understanding physical processes in near-zero accumulation areas can help us to better understand polar ice-core records, particularly during periods when accumulation rates were lower than today. We report measurements from a 5 m firn core from the Allan Hills, Antarctica, which include physical properties using computer tomography, stable isotope ratios δD and δ18O, and 210Pb activity. The core shows a highly metamorphosed firn with homogeneous and stable structure, but with discrete layers near the surface. The observed firn structure is caused by a combination of unique depositional and post-depositional processes. The irregular δD and δ18O signal does not follow the stratigraphic sequence and implies post-depositional modification caused by microscopic pressure gradients in the firn that can result from either forced ventilation over rough surfaces in the presence of wind or alternating temperature-gradients between the firn and the atmosphere. Our results also indicate impact snow deposition under high winds and with a high initial density and air exchange between the atmosphere and the snowpack.210Pb activity below 0.3 m falls below the detection limit, implying that most of the core is more than 100 years old. We conclude that the Allan Hills record provides a unique opportunity to investigate important processes that would have affected ice-core records from glacial periods.
Rifting processes and ice-flow modulation observed on Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica
Authors: Lescarmontier L. , Legresy B. , Young N.W. , Coleman R. , Testut L. , Mayet C. , Lacroix P.
Published: December 2015

We investigated the evolution of two major rifts cutting across Mertz Glacier Tongue, East Antarctica, using a combination of satellite images and 60 day sets of GPS data from two stations deployed either side of the western rift in 2007. The eastern rift began to open in the early 1990s, and the western rift initiated in 2002 in conjunction with the collision of a large iceberg with the tongue. Velocity time series derived from the 2007 GPS data exhibited strong variations at tidal periods modulated by sea-surface height and sea-surface slope and reproduced here with a conceptually simple model. We found that opening of the western rift in 2002 leads to a dramatic change in behavior of the tongue as the large range in velocity (700–2400 m a−1) observed in 2000 was largely reduced (1075–1225 m a−1) in 2007. Opening of the western rift decoupled the glacier from the transverse loading on the tongue driven by east–west tidal circulation. This loading previously induced time-varying lateral drag, which caused the large velocity range. Our results suggest changes in the mechanical behavior of an ice tongue impact the dynamics of the outlet glacier system and should be considered in longer-term mass-balance evaluations.
Coastal ice-core record of recent northwest Greenland temperature and sea-ice concentration
Authors: Osterberg Erich C. , Hawley Robert L. , Wong Gifford , Kopec Ben , Ferris David , Howley Jennifer
Published: December 2015

Coastal ice cores provide an opportunity to investigate regional climate and sea-ice variability in the past to complement hemispheric-scale climate reconstructions from ice-sheet-interior ice cores. Here we describe robust proxies of Baffin Bay temperature and sea-ice concentration from the coastal 2Barrel ice core collected in the Thule region of northwest Greenland. Over the 1990–2010 record, 2Barrel annually averaged methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentrations are significantly correlated with May–June Baffin Bay sea-ice concentrations and summer temperatures. Higher MSA is observed during warmer years with less sea ice, indicative of enhanced primary productivity in Baffin Bay. Similarly, 2Barrel annually averaged deuterium excess (d-excess) values are significantly correlated with annual Baffin Bay sea-ice concentrations and summer and annual temperatures. Warm (cool) years with anomalously low (high) sea-ice concentration are associated with proportionally more (less) low-d-excess Baffin Bay moisture at the ice-core site. Multilinear regression models incorporating 2Barrel MSA, d-excess and snow accumulation account for 38–51% of the Baffin Bay sea-ice and temperature variance. The annual temperature model is significantly correlated with temperatures throughout most of Greenland and eastern Arctic Canada due to the strong influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
Dielectric signatures and evolution of glacier ice
Authors: Grimm Robert E. , Stillman David E. , MacGregor Joseph A.
Published: December 2015

We analyzed the dielectric spectra (0.1 Hz–1 MHz) of 49 firn and ice samples from ice sheets and glaciers to better understand how differing ice formation and evolution affect electrical properties. The dielectric relaxation of ice is well known and its characteristic frequency increases with the concentration of soluble impurities in the ice lattice. We found that meteoric ice and firn generally possess two such relaxations, indicating distinct crystal populations or zonation. Typically, one population is consistent with that of relatively pure ice, and the other is significantly more impure. However, high temperatures (e.g. temperate ice), long residence times (e.g. ancient ice from Mullins Glacier, Antarctica) or anomalously high impurity concentrations favor the development of a single relaxation. These relationships suggest that annealing causes two dielectrically distinct populations to merge into one population. The dielectric response of temperate ice samples indicates increasing purity with increasing depth, suggesting ongoing rejection of impurities from the lattice. Separately, subglacially (lake) frozen samples from the Vostok (Antarctica) 5G ice core possess a single relaxation whose variable characteristic frequency likely reflects the composition of the source water. We conclude that multi-frequency methods are essential to dielectric discrimination between different types of glacier ice.
The mechanics of a glacier snout
Authors: Nye J.F.
Published: December 2015

Measurements made on a temperate glacier within 200 m of its wedge-shaped terminus cannot be interpreted as simple laminar flow. Instead they are fully explained by a model based on the nonlinear (n ≈ 3) Glen flow law that superposes longitudinal strain rate and simple shearing.
Preservation of Neural Sensitivity after Noise-Induced Suppression of Sensory Function
Authors: Guthrie O’neil W.
Published: December 2015

Background:Permanent loss of outer hair cell (OHC) amplification may occur within days of acoustic overexposure. This loss of sensory function typically results in an immediate loss of neural sensitivity although neurodegeneration occurs months or years after damage to OHCs.
This delay in neurodegeneration might provide an opportunity to preserve neural sensitivity although OHC amplification is permanently lost.Purpose:To test the hypothesis that neural functions can be preserved after permanent and severe loss of OHC amplification. To begin to address
this possibility, an animal model of severe permanent loss of both OHC and neural functions was established.Research Design:This research employed a 4 × 4 split-plot factorial design, with four levels of the within-subject factor (time: baseline, 1-day, 1-week, and 1-mo postnoise
exposure) and four levels of the between-subject factor (experimental groups: control, noise exposed, therapy, and noise exposed + therapy).Study Sample:Twenty-six hooded male Long-Evans rats (263 ± 63 g) served as subjects for this experiment. All animals exhibited baseline
auditory function that approximated normative values for rats of the same strain.Data Collection and Analysis:Distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses were used to assay and differentiate OHC versus neural functions. Factorial analysis of variances was
computed to identify statistically significant main effects and Dunnett testing was employed in post hoc computations.Intervention:To rescue neural function after permanent loss of OHC amplification, small molecular weight carboxy alkyl esters were employed after noise injury.Results:The
results revealed that in the presence of permanent loss of OHC amplification, the loss of neural sensitivity could be rescued. In addition, auditory brainstem response wave I amplitudes at suprathreshold levels were rescued from noise-induced depletion into the biologic noise floor.Conclusion:Since
mammalian OHCs do not regenerate after damage, these results encourage further experiments aimed at preserving neural functions following noise injury.
Respecter la nature
Authors: Jamieson Dale , Chalier Jonathan
Published: December 2015

Notre condition présente est caractérisée à la fois par notre pouvoir technologique démesuré sur la nature et par notre impuissance à prendre des mesures face au changement climatique. Pour restaurer notre capacité d’agir, il nous faut une éthique écologique, dont la vertu principale est le respect envers la nature.
L’ambition démocratique à l’âge de l’anthropocène
Authors: Charbonnier Pierre
Published: December 2015

De même que la révolution industrielle a mis la société démocratique à l’épreuve du marché libéral, la révolution climatique l’engage à réfléchir sur son environnement et à protéger la nature. Face au changement climatique, il faut donc réaffirmer l’ambition démocratique des sociétés modernes.
Les fractures de la gauche de 1995 à 2015
Authors: Roman Joël , Sintomer Yves , Chalier Jonathan , Padis Marc-Olivier
Published: December 2015

Faire retour sur les grèves de 1995 à l’occasion de la réforme de la Sécurité sociale, sur le débat de 2005 autour de la Constitution européenne et sur les révoltes des banlieues de 2005 permet d’analyser les divisions de la gauche en France et son incapacité à s’opposer à la droitisation de la société.
Psychanalyse et interprétation
Authors: Ricœur Paul , Martini Giuseppe , Freitas Weiny , Romele Alberto
Published: December 2015

Dans cette conversation inédite de 2003, Paul Ricœur reconsidère la pratique psychanalytique, négligée dans son livre De l’interprétation (1965). La cure lui apparaît comme le lieu d’un passage du conflit des forces à un conflit de sens. Ricœur insiste sur l’émergence langagière de l’appel à l’autre du sujet, où se rencontrent le désir, la souffrance et le sens.
Formes anciennes et nouvelles de la désobéissance civile
Authors: Fleury Cynthia
Published: December 2015

Qu’est-ce qu’obéir et désobéir en démocratie ? La désobéissance civile se définit-elle comme un geste d’appropriation démocratique, et même d’empowerment capacitaire du citoyen ? En quoi pratiquer la désobéissance civile peut-il relever de la manifestation d’un consentement à l’État de droit ? Par ailleurs, de la désobéissance civile à la dissidence numérique, quels liens, quelle progression ?
Le principe d’Antigone
Authors: Bantigny Ludivine
Published: December 2015

Désobéir en démocratie revient à repenser le contrat social qui associe ses membres et les lie. En cela, la désobéissance est un dévoilement : elle éclaire en creux la conformité, le fonctionnement du pouvoir quand il édicte et applique lois et décrets. Cet article examine au moyen d’exemples historiques – l’insurrection de juin 1848, les insoumissions et mobilisations pendant la guerre d’Algérie, la contestation de mai-juin 1968 – quelques formes de désobéissance en démocratie. Il en souligne l’historicité, soit la manière dont elles s’ancrent dans le temps et déploient une conscience historique qui est aussi une conscience politique.
Droit de résistance et histoire des idées
Authors: Desmons Éric
Published: December 2015

D’Antigone à Luther King, les figures de la résistance légitime à l’oppression sont intemporelles. En revanche, les doctrines qui promeuvent un droit de résistance sont historiquement situées. Elles supposent un complexe mental particulier où s’articulent une conception juridique du politique et une philosophie du droit qui en autorisent la consécration. Les xvii e et xviii e siècles en sont le creuset.
La désobéissance civile : entre Antigone et Narcisse, l’ egodémocrate
Authors: Thiers Éric
Published: December 2015

Refuser d’obéir aux lois serait l’une des voies les plus assurées pour établir la démocratie réelle, celle dans laquelle nous vivons n’en présentant que les apparences trompeuses. La désobéissance civile serait inévitable dans un monde en proie à la mondialisation libérale dont nos gouvernants seraient les complices. Elle serait légitime car, non violente, elle assurerait la défense de principes supérieurs. Elle serait souhaitable pour atteindre un nouvel horizon démocratique qui se fonderait sur l’épanouissement de chaque individu considéré comme digne de faire entendre sa voix et fort de la confiance qu’il porte en lui. Pourtant, une présentation sous un jour si favorable mérite d’être livrée à la critique car la désobéissance civile est grosse d’ambiguïtés. À travers ce qui serait un mode d’action démocratique normal se dessine le portrait en creux d’un nouveau citoyen, l’ egodémocrate , entre Antigone et Narcisse, refusant toute autorité, se pensant comme la mesure de toute chose, au risque de rendre impossible la vie en commun sous l’égide de la loi.
Obéissance à la loi ?
Authors: Sureau François
Published: December 2015

La notion, centrale en démocratie, d’obéissance à la loi s’est transformée au fil du temps, pour deux raisons : le sens de la norme a changé, et l’obéissance n’est plus conçue, dans les sociétés développées, en termes aussi radicaux qu’autrefois. Il en résulte une incertitude profonde sur le licite et l’illicite dont il est difficile d’imaginer les conséquences à long terme. À cet égard, l’auteur s’interroge particulièrement sur un phénomène nouveau : la « désobéissance » à la loi des organes de l’État chargés de l’appliquer, et en particulier de ceux qui relèvent de sa fonction exécutive.
Désobéir pour être : les Noirs américains
Authors: Mastor Wanda
Published: December 2015

Aux États-Unis, l’ampleur des émeutes raciales d’aujourd’hui, la permanence de la ségrégation de facto et l’impuissance des autorités à éradiquer des violences profondément ancrées ne peuvent s’appréhender abstraction faite du mal originaire. L’ère de l’esclavage, marquée par la supériorité de la race blanche sur la race noire, allait céder ensuite la place à l’ère de la séparation. Menés par Martin Luther King, les Noirs vont choisir la voie de la résistance pacifique. Indispensable, la désobéissance civile ne fut pas suffisante. À l’enchantement de la déségrégation de droit succède vite le désenchantement de la ségrégation de fait. Les Noirs ont alors compris et accepté qu’ils ne pourraient accéder au statut d’hommes libres qu’à la condition de forcer leur intégration.
Obéir/désobéir et l’environnement
Authors: Tuot Thierry
Published: December 2015

L’environnement est un des domaines où la révolte demeure violente, mais aussi celui d’une désobéissance lassée à des injonctions de comportement. Celles-ci s’expliquent par le refus de penser la place de l’homme et la morale de la mutation environnementale, l’abandon de la méthode scientifique et l’épuisement de la démocratie représentative. Un État aux méthodes anachroniques ne peut impulser les changements nécessaires ; et ceux-ci doivent être conduits dans la plus grande justice sociale. Pour échapper à la crise et aux échecs que la désobéissance suscite, il faut fonder la légitimité d’autres parties prenantes que les élus, innover par de nouvelles méthodes d’action publique et instaurer une expertise non étatique que les citoyens pourront s’approprier.
Obéissance, désobéissance militaires et démocratie
Authors: Durieux Benoît
Published: December 2015

Les circonstances de la guerre rendent singulière la question de l’obéissance et de la désobéissance militaires. Si la discipline reste la force principale des armées, la possibilité de désobéissance extraordinaire traduit l’importance de la responsabilité individuelle face aux situations imprévisibles du combat. Les conditions de cette dialectique sont renouvelées dans la société démocratique et ce phénomène est significatif des défis que la démocratie elle-même devra relever.
Transfer ou transfert
Authors: Naszályi Philippe
Published: December 2015

« Porter au-delà » tel est le sens de la racine latine de ce mot anglais dont la version française est très souvent utilisée, dans son acception freudienne. Là, n’est pourtant pas notre propos. Ce deuxième numéro de notre 50 e année, se veut tout entier ouvert aux technologies et à leur transfert dans l’entreprise ou aux organisations. Une publication comme la nôtre s’inscrit, depuis 50 ans, dans cette logique car elle est déjà vectrice du transfert de connaissances. Comme le rappelle, la présidente d’Agreenium 1 , Marion Guillou 2 , « il faut lire pour savoir où en sont les autres, et soi-même diffuser ses propres innovations. » Déjà en 1965, le grand spécialiste du marketing, Roger Grémillard écrivait qu’«  un cadre à hautes responsabilités ou un chef d’entreprise vaut autant parce qu’il sait que par tout ce qu’il accepte d’apprendre  ». – Internet et les nouvelles pratiques de gestion, – De la théorie à la pratique, – Marketing du consommateur, sont les trois dossiers de ce numéro.
Les enjeux liés à la collecte de données en ligne
Authors: Jean Éric
Published: December 2015

L’utilisation d’Internet dans la recherche scientifique connaît une forte croissance. Comparé aux méthodes plus traditionnelles, le Web offre l’accès à un grand nombre de participants à un coût réduit, ce qui permet une plus grande démocratisation de la recherche. Ce mode de collecte comporte toutefois un certain nombre de défis liés à la déontologie de la recherche, à la conception du questionnaire, à l’échantillonnage et aux instruments de mesure. Cet article présente dans un premier temps les avantages de la collecte de données en ligne. Il précise ensuite les principaux enjeux de cette méthode. La présentation de chacun de ces enjeux est accompagnée d’une description de la démarche effectuée dans le cadre d’une étude quantitative réalisée auprès de gestionnaires.
Identification et maîtrise des facteurs clés de succès par les dirigeants
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Ferrand Alain , Durand Christophe
Published: December 2015

L’approche de la performance des firmes par l’identification des facteurs clés de succès (FCS) est très présente dans la littérature en économie et gestion. Cet article propose d’identifier les FCS que les dirigeants des ligues sportives professionnelles françaises jugent les plus importants. L’analyse porte sur trois championnats français : les premières divisions de basket, football et rugby masculins. La méthode repose sur les interviews de 12 responsables opérant dans ces trois ligues. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’existence de 12 FCS perçus. Parmi ceux-ci, on constate un pourcentage de FCS maîtrisés plus fort en rugby qu’en basket et en football. Ce dernier constat peut surprendre au regard de la domination économique de la Ligue 1 de football sur le territoire français mais il est en adéquation avec les positions des trois championnats étudiés à l’échelle continentale.
Émergence et instabilité limitée des organisations au bord du chaos :
Authors: Accard Philippe , Soudry Elisabeth
Published: December 2015

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, un ensemble de travaux appelés « métaphore du chaos » montre que les organisations peuvent présenter des structures émergentes, dont l’instabilité est limitée. Ces organisations sont « au bord du chaos. » En nous appuyant sur une étude de cas, nous ébauchons une image plus concrète des états au bord du chaos, que les travaux existants. Nous confirmons que ces états favorisent l’adaptation de l’organisation à son environnement, mais imposent un coût social et psychologique ignoré par les travaux existants. Nous indiquons enfin une nouvelle direction de recherche.
L’impact de la détresse financière de l’entreprise et de son risque de faillite sur l’opinion d’audit avec réserve :
Authors: Moalla Hanen , Abelaziz Abderraouf
Published: December 2015

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’impact de la détresse financière de l’entreprise et de son risque de faillite sur l’opinion de l’auditeur. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 64 entreprises exerçant en Tunisie et soumises à l’obligation de désigner un commissaire aux comptes (42 sociétés à responsabilité limitée SARL et 24 sociétés anonymes SA). 32 entreprises ont reçu une certification avec réserve et 32 une certification pure et simple. La santé financière de l’entreprise a été étudiée à travers sa rentabilité, sa liquidité, son endettement et son risque de faillite. Les résultats de la régression logistique ont montré que les sociétés endettées, auditées par un big 4, de petite taille et caractérisées par une forte liquidité et une faible rentabilité, ont plus de probabilité de recevoir une opinion d’audit avec réserve. Le risque de faillite n’est pas associé à cette opinion.
Liens entre le profil culturel et l’identité nationale des consommateurs :
Authors: Berrabah Wiem , Zine-Danguir Samira
Published: December 2015

La littérature distingue deux conceptualisations de la culture en fonction de ses relations avec le temps et l’identité nationale. A travers une recherche exploratoire, les auteurs montrent que la conceptualisation dynamique est validée empiriquement et que la culture n’est que partiellement reliée à l’identité nationale. Ces résultats permettent aux entreprises d’affiner leur stratégie de segmentation en fonction du profil culturel des consommateurs, indépendamment de leur nation. Ceci est particulièrement intéressant en termes de communication.
Le processus de développement de l’intention de la fidélité du client à l’égard d’un prestataire de services financiers en ligne :
Authors: Allouche Mouna , Mrabet Amine
Published: December 2015

Les chercheursintéressés au comportement du consommateur sur Internet, se sont plutôt focalisés sur la modélisation théorique des variables relationnelles, notamment la fidélité du cyber-consommateur. Cependant, comprendre le développement de l’intention de la fidélité en ligne peut être un préalable inéluctable pour cultiver et garantir ultérieurement la fidélité comportementale manifestée à l’égard du prestataire de services financiers. L’objectif de cette étude est double. Il s’agit en premier lieu, d’explorer, auprès de la clientèle de la banque tunisienne, les facteurs déterminants qui peuvent les inciter à revisiter et recommander le site de leurs banques dans le futur. En second lieu, nous proposons d’étudier le degré auquel la fidélité conative en ligne pourrait être la résultante des antécédents individuels et situationnels. L’analyse de contenu, faisant appel à une analyse thématique et lexicale de 18 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de la clientèle bancaire, a révélé que certaines variables, liées conjointement au site et à l’individu, semblent avoir un impact positif sur la fidélité intentionnelle en ligne. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont pu mettre en exergue le rôle crucial de la fidélité vis-à-vis de l’agence bancaire, de la confiance, de la satisfaction, de la valeur hédonique et des éléments atmosphériques en tant que variables préalables et indispensables au développement de la fidélité dans le contexte virtuel.
Welcome
Authors: Temporelli Pier Luigi
Published: December 2015

-
Letter of Editors of Monaldi 2006-2011
Authors: Chieffo Carmine , Vigorito Carlo
Published: December 2015

-
Achievement of therapeutic target in subjects on statin treatment in clinical practice. Results of the STAR (Statins Target Assessment in Real practice) study
Authors: Degli Esposti Luca , Sangiorgi Diego , Arca Marcello , Vigna Giovanni B. , Buda Stefano , Degli Esposti Ezio
Published: December 2015

The primary aim of the STAR Study (Statins Target Assessment in Real practice) was to determine the LDLcholesterol reduction and to analyse patientâ€™s and therapeutic factors associated to LDL-cholesterol target attainment in newly treated subjects with statins in an unselected population in clinical practice setting. Administrative databases (including pharmaceutical prescriptions and hospital admissions) and laboratory test databases (including LDL-cholesterol values) of five Local Health Units, distributed in Emilia Romagna, Toscana and Umbria, were linked. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and all subjects aged â‰¥18 years with a first prescription for statins (newly treated subjects) between January 1st, 2007 and June 30th, 2008 were included. All statin prescriptions over a 12 months follow-up period were considered and used to calculate adherence to treatment. Baseline and follow-up LDL-cholesterol, respectively, were defined according to the nearest determination to the first prescription for statins and to the end of the follow-up period. A total of 3.232 subjects was included, 1.516 males (47%) and 1.716 females (53%), with an average age equal to 65,9 Â± 11,3 years. Among included subjects, 22,6% had a gap to LDL-cholesterol target <10%, 30,0% between 10 and 29%, 20,7% between 30 and 49%, and 26,7% â‰¥50%. Among those with a gap to target â‰¥50%, 30-49%, and 10-29%, respectively, LDLcholesterol target was attained by 7,1%, 41,8%, and 62,3% of subjects. LDL-cholesterol target attainment was associated to gap to target, adherence with treatment, and type of statin.
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of combined antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Systematic review of literature
Authors: Casaretti Laura , Paolillo Stefania , Formisano Roberto , Bologna Ada , Mattiello Giacomo , Conte Sirio , Petraglia Laura , Lo Iudice Francesco , Fabiani Irma , Cirillo Anna Paola , Vitagliano Alice , Gambardella Francesco , Luca della Ratta Giuseppe , Perrone Filardi Pasquale
Published: December 2015

In HIV infected patients an increased incidence of cardiac events has been reported since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Antiretroviral drugsâ€™ regimens are, in fact, associated with several metabolic side effects, such as dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism and abnormal body fat distribution, that increase cardiovascular risk of HIV subjects. In addition, HIV infection itself, the chronic inflammatory status and the frequent presence in this population of traditional risk factors contribute to an higher incidence of cardio and cerebrovascular events. In last years several studies showed the occurrence of carotid vascular impairment in patients treated with protease inhibitors (PI). Similarly the DAD Study reported an increase of 26% of the risk of myocardial infarction in patients on HAART and that this risk was independently associated with longer exposure to PI, after multivariate adjustments. A correct evaluation of the metabolic status before starting HAART and an adequate control of drugs-related metabolic abnormalities may reduce the incidence of cardiac events and still improve HIV patients prognosis. This review will focus on the metabolic effects of antiretroviral drugs and on the contribution of combination antiretroviral therapy on cardiovascular risk.
Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis: evidences from randomized controlled trials and actual indications
Authors: Ilardi Federica , Magliulo Fabio , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Schiattarella Gabriele Giacomo , Carotenuto Giuseppe , Serino Federica , Ferrone Marco , Visco Emanuele , Scudiero Fernando , Carbone Andreina , Perrino Cinzia , Trimarco Bruno , Esposito Giovanni
Published: December 2015

Atherosclerotic stenosis of common and internal carotid arteries is a well-recognized risk factor for ischemic stroke, and revascularization has been proven to be the main tool of prevention, particularly for patients with stenosis- related symptoms. While for many years surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been considered the gold-standard strategy to restore vascular patency, recently the endovascular treatment through percutaneous angioplasty and stent implantation (CAS) has become a valid alternative. In the last years, interesting data about the comparison of these strategies have emerged. CAS seems to cause more peri-procedural strokes, but may also avoid many adverse events related to surgery and general anaesthesia, including peri-procedural myocardial infarction. For these reasons, it was initially considered a second-choice strategy to be adopted in patients for whom surgery was contraindicated. However, more recent trials have shown that CAS might be considered an effective alternative to CEA. Moreover, the rapid evolution of CAS technique and materials suggests its potential to improve outcome and possible superiority compared to CEA in the next future. Purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent clinical evidences concerning the treatment of carotid artery stenosis, with a special focus on the endovascular treatment.
Imaging techniques for assessment of coronary flow reserve
Authors: Petretta Mario , Acampa Wanda , Zampella Emilia , Assante Roberta , Petretta Maria Piera , Cuocolo Renato , Fabiani Irma , Luca Della Ratta Giuseppe , Perrone-Filardi Pasquale , Cuocolo Alberto
Published: December 2015

The assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) may be useful for the functional evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Invasive techniques, such as intracoronary Doppler ultrasound and pressure-derived method, directly assess CFR velocity and fractional flow reserve. Positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as an accurate noninvasive technique to quantify CFR. Nevertheless, this approach has not been applied to routine studies because of its high cost and complexity. Recently, attempts to estimate CFR with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracers have been made in order to obtain, with noninvasive methods, data for quantitative functional assessment of CAD. This review analyzes the relative merit and limitations of CFR measurements by cardiac imaging techniques and describes the potential clinical applications.
A case of percutaneous coronary intervention after transfemoral implantation of a Medtronic CoreValve Systemâ„¢
Authors: Corcione Nicola , Ferraro Paolo , Polimeno Michele , Messina Stefano , De Rosa Vincenzo , Giordano Arturo
Published: December 2015

The association between aortic valve disease and coronary atherosclerosis is common. In the recent era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation there is little experience with coronary artery intervention after valve implantation. We report a case of a 80 year-old male who underwent successful coronary artery intervention few months after a Medtronic CoreValve System â„¢ percutaneous implantation for severe aortic valve stenosis. Verification of the position of the used wires (crossing from inside the self expanding frame) is of utmost importance before proceeding to coronary intervention. In this case, crossing the aortic valve, coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention were successfully performed. In conclusion, percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous Medtronic CoreValve System â„¢ implantation is feasible and safe.
Stress and somatization disturbances By Angelo Compare and Enzo Grossi
Authors: Del Forno Domenico
Published: December 2015

-
The NFκB-inducing kinase is essential for the developmental programming of skin-resident and IL-17-producing γδ T cells
Authors: Mair Florian , Joller Stefanie , Hoeppli Romy , Onder Lucas , Hahn Matthias , Ludewig Burkhard , Waisman Ari , Becher Burkhard
Published: December 2015

γδ T cells contribute to first line immune defense, particularly through their ability for rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine profile of γδ T cells is hard-wired already during thymic development. Yet, the molecular pathways underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here we show that signaling via the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK) is essential for the formation of a fully functional γδ T cell compartment. In the absence of NIK, development of Vγ5+ dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) was halted in the embryonic thymus, and impaired NIK function caused a selective loss of IL-17 expression by γδ T cells. Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, we could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of γδ T cell cytokine production.
Midlatitude daily summer temperatures reshaped by soil moisture under climate change
Authors: Douville H. , Colin J. , Krug E. , Cattiaux J. , Thao S.
Published: December 2015

Projected changes in daily temperatures are highly model dependent, particularly in the summer midlatitudes where the spread in the response of heat waves represents a major obstacle for the design of adaptation strategies. Understanding the main reasons for such uncertainties is obviously a research priority. Here we use a set of global atmospheric simulations to assess the contribution of the soil moisture feedback to changes in the full distribution of daily maximum summer temperatures projected in the late 21st century. Results show that this feedback (i) accounts for up to one third of the mean increase in daily maximum temperatures, (ii) dominates changes in the shape of the distribution, and (iii) explains about half of the increase in the severity of heat waves over densely populated areas of the northern midlatitudes. A dedicated intercomparison project is therefore needed to assess and constrain land surface feedbacks in the new generation Earth System Models.
Size‐dependent hygroscopicity parameter (κ) and chemical composition of secondary organic cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Zhao D. F. , Buchholz A. , Kortner B. , Schlag P. , Rubach F. , Kiendler‐Scharr A. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A. , Flores J. M. , Rudich Y. , Watne Å. K. , Hallquist M. , Wildt J. , Mentel Th. F.
Published: December 2015

Secondary organic aerosol components (SOA) contribute significantly to the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. The CCN activity of internally mixed submicron SOA particles is often parameterized assuming a size‐independent single‐hygroscopicity parameter κ. In the experiments done in a large atmospheric reactor (SAPHIR, Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber, Jülich), we consistently observed size‐dependent κ and particle composition for SOA from different precursors in the size range of 50 nm–200 nm. Smaller particles had higher κ and a higher degree of oxidation, although all particles were formed from the same reaction mixture. Since decreasing volatility and increasing hygroscopicity often covary with the degree of oxidation, the size dependence of composition and hence of CCN activity can be understood by enrichment of higher oxygenated, low‐volatility hygroscopic compounds in smaller particles. Neglecting the size dependence of κ can lead to significant bias in the prediction of the activated fraction of particles during cloud formation.
Effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on decadal climate prediction skill of Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Teng Haiyan , Maher Nicola , England Matthew H.
Published: December 2015

Multi‐model simulations show a post‐Pinatubo eruption sequence of Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that includes a La Niña‐like pattern the third northern winter after an eruption, opposite in sign to what was observed after Pinatubo. This leads to the loss of hindcast skill for years in the 1990s affected by the Pinatubo eruption because the post‐eruption internal variability of the climate system did not match the multi‐model forced response. Agung (1963) and El Chichón (1982) happened to have post‐eruption Pacific SST sequences more similar to the multi‐model response and thus do not degrade prediction skill as measured by anomaly pattern correlation in the hindcasts. Thus, decadal hindcast skill is reduced if the post‐eruption randomly occurring internal El Niño variability in the observations deviates from the multi‐model forced response that, by definition, averages out internal variability in favor of the forced response.
Revisiting trends in wetness and dryness in the presence of internal climate variability and water limitations over land
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Allan Richard P. , Zwiers Francis , Lawrence David M. , Dirmeyer Paul A.
Published: December 2015

A theoretically expected consequence of the intensification of the hydrological cycle under global warming is that on average, wet regions get wetter and dry regions get drier (WWDD). Recent studies, however, have found significant discrepancies between the expected pattern of change and observed changes over land. We assess the WWDD theory in four climate models. We find that the reported discrepancy can be traced to two main issues: (1) unforced internal climate variability strongly affects local wetness and dryness trends and can obscure underlying agreement with WWDD, and (2) dry land regions are not constrained to become drier by enhanced moisture divergence since evaporation cannot exceed precipitation over multiannual time scales. Over land, where the available water does not limit evaporation, a “wet gets wetter” signal predominates. On seasonal time scales, where evaporation can exceed precipitation, trends in wet season becoming wetter and dry season becoming drier are also found.
A new technique for the retrieval of near‐surface vertical current shear from marine X‐band radar images
Authors: Lund B. , Graber H. C. , Tamura H. , Collins C. O. , Varlamov S. M.
Published: December 2015

A new method to determine near‐surface vertical current shear from noncoherent marine X‐band radar (MR) data is introduced. A three‐dimensional fast Fourier transform is employed to obtain the wave number‐frequency spectrum of a MR image sequence. Near‐surface currents are estimated from the Doppler‐shifted surface gravity wave signal within the spectrum. They represent a weighted mean of the upper ocean flow. The longer the ocean waves on which the current estimates are based, the greater their effective depth. The novelty lies in the wave number‐dependent retrieval method, yielding ∼100 independent current estimates at effective depths from ∼2 to 8 m per ∼12 min measurement period. First, MR near‐surface vertical current shear measurements are presented using data collected from R/V Roger Revelle during the 2010 Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific experiment in the Philippine Sea. Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and anemometer measurements as well as WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model results are used to demonstrate that results are in accord with physical expectations. The wind and wave‐driven Ekman flow is obtained by subtracting ADCP‐based background currents from the radar measurements. At ∼2 m, it is on average ∼1.6% of the wind speed and ∼38.9° to the right of the wind. With increasing effective depth, the speed factor decreases and the deflection angle increases. Based on WW3 results, the MR‐sensed Stokes drift speed is ∼50% of the Ekman flow at ∼2 m and ∼25% at ∼8 m. These findings are consistent with previous observations and Ekman theory.
Ultrafast Electron Transfer in Low‐Band Gap Polymer/PbS Nanocrystalline Blend Films
Authors: Guo Wenping , Yuan Jianyu , Yuan Haochen , Jin Feng , Han Lu , Sheng Chuanxiang , Ma Wanli , Zhao Haibin
Published: December 2015

Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in hybrid blend films of a low band‐gap polymer poly(2,6‐(N‐(1‐octylnonyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:20,30‐d]pyrrole)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)) (PDBT) and PbS quantum dots (QDs) are studied by using ultrafast transient transmission spectroscopy. It is observed that the transient bleaching signal arising from excitons of the PDBT displays a much faster recovery, within the time delay of ≈5 ps, in hybrid films than in the neat PDBT film. In contrast, the bleaching signal resulting from the electron filling of the QDs in hybrid films shows an extra rising component during ≈1–5 ps, which is absent in the pristine QDs. These results indicate the ultrafast electron transfer from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the PDBT to the conduction band of the QDs in the time scale of several ps after laser excitation. A transient absorption signal within 1 ps in the hybrid films is also found, indicating the emergence of charge transfer states (CTs). The CTs formed at the interface of the hybrid blend may facilitate the charge separation and transfer. It is estimated that over 80% of the photoexcited electrons in the PDBT may be transferred into the QDs. The transfer efficiencies show a positive correlation with the power conversion efficiencies of the corresponding hybrid solar cells.
Strain Engineering of Wave‐like Nanofibers for Dynamically Switchable Adhesive/Repulsive Surfaces
Authors: Wong William S. Y. , Gutruf Philipp , Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu , Wang Zuankai , Tricoli Antonio
Published: December 2015

Engineering surfaces that enable the dynamic tuning of their wetting state is critical to many applications including integrated microfluidics systems, flexible electronics, and smart fabrics. Despite extensive progress, most of the switchable surfaces reported are based on ordered structures that suffer from poor scalability and high fabrication costs. Here, a robust and facile bottom‐up approach is demonstrated that allows for the dynamical and reversible switching between lotus leaf (repulsive) and rose petal (adhesive) states by strain engineering of wave‐like nanofiber layers. Interestingly, it is found that the controlled switching between these two distinctive states is sensitive to the shape of the nanofibers. Moreover, it is observed that the structural integrity of the nanofibers is fully preserved during multicycle dynamic switching. The application of these optimal structures is showcased as mechanical hands demonstrating the capture of water microdroplets and their subsequent release in a well‐controlled manner. It is envisioned that this low‐cost and highly scalable surface texture is a powerful platform for the design of portable microfluidics systems, and the fabrication of large‐scale devices for ambient humidity harvesting and water purification.