bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of theory of semi-Markov processes to determining distribution of probabilistic process of marine accidents resulting from collision of ships
Authors: Girtler Jerzy
Published: April 2014

In this paper is presented possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to elaborating an eight-state model of the process of occurrence of serviceability state and unserviceability states of sea-going ships making critical manoeuvres during their entering and leaving the ports. In the analysis it was taken into account that sea-going ships are in service for a very long time t (t → ∞). The model was elaborated to determine the probability (P0) of correct execution of critical manoeuvres during ship’s entering and leaving the port as well as the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of incorrect execution of critical manoeuvres by a ship, that leads to marine accidents. It was assumed that such accidents result from: ship’s grounding on port approaching fairway, collision with a ship on port approching fairway, collision with a pierhead during passing through port entrance, collision with a hydrotechnical structure during ship’s passing through port channels, collision with a port quay during coming alongside it and collision with a ship already moored to the quay. The probability (P0) was assumed a measure of safe execution of a critical manoeuvre. The probability characterizes possibility of avoiding any collision during ship’s entering and leaving the port. The probability Pa = 1 - P0 was assumed a measure of occurrence of a collsion and - consequently - marine accident. The probability Pa was interpreted as a sum of the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of occurrence of all the selected events. In summing up the paper, attention was drawn to its merits which - in opinion of this author - are crucial for research on real process of accidents during entering the port and leaving it by sea-going ship in difficult navigation conditions.
Expert judgement-based tuning of the system reliability neural network
Authors: Brandowski A. , Nguyen Hoang , Frąckowiak Wojciech
Published: April 2014

The neural network tuning procedure applied to reliability analyses of anthrop technical systems, based on judgements of experts - experienced operating practicians. Numerical and linguistic elicitation of the judgements, analyses of the network input and output data correlation and of the AHP method processing deviation are presented. Example of data elicitation and correlation analysis of a reliability arrangement of the seagoing ship propulsion system are included to the article.
On board LNG reliquefaction technology: a comparative study
Authors: Gómez J. Romero , Gómez M. Romero , Garcia R. Ferreiro , Catoira A. De Miguel
Published: April 2014

Reliquefaction technologies are being currently applied on board liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers on the basis of economic criteria and energy efficiency. A variety of reliquefaction techniques have been developed so far during the last decade. Nevertheless, technology enhancement continues being a research area of interest. In this article the different technologies applied to the reliquefaction of the boil-off gas (BOG) on LNG carriers have been described, analysed and discussed, contributing to highlight the process and operation characteristics as well as selection plant criteria. Finally, a comparison of the different reliquefaction plants, considering their capacities and efficiencies as well as other technical data of interest has been carried out.
Nannofossils, foraminifera and microforaminiferal linings in the Cenozoic diamictites of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica
Authors: Concheyro Andrea , Caramés Andrea , Amenábar Cecilia R. , Lescano Marina
Published: April 2014

Micropaleontological and palynological samples from three Cenozoic diamictites at Cape Lamb, Vega Island, James Ross Basin were analysed. Fossiliferous samples yielded reworked and autochthonous assemblages of Mesozoic calcareous nanno− fossils, impoverished Cretaceous foraminifera together with Neogene species, as well as Late Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts, pollen, spores and abundant Cenozoic micro− foraminiferal linings. The recovered nannoflora indicates Early Cretaceous (Hauteri− vian-Albian) and Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Early Campanian) ages, suggesting an in− tensive reworking of marine sediments. The presence of the Early Cretaceous species Nannoconus circularis Deres et Acheriteguy in the diamictite represents its first record for the James Ross Basin. The scarce foraminiferal fauna includes Pullenia jarvisi Cushman, which indicates reworking from lower Maastrichtian-lower Paleocene sediments, and also the Neogene autochthonous Trochammina sp. aff. T. intermedia. The in− ner−organic layer observed inside this specimen appears to be identical to microfora− miniferal linings recovered from the same sample. Palynomorphs found in the studied samples suggest erosion from the underlying Snow Hill Island and the Lopez de Bertodano Formation beds (upper Campanian-upper Maastrichtian). These recovered assemblages indicate either different periods of deposition or reworking from diverse sources during Cenozoic glaciation, originating in James Ross Island and the Antarctic Peninsula with the influence of local sediment sources.
ICE PHENOMENA IN THE WARTA RIVER IN POZNAŃ IN 1961– 2010
Authors: Kornaś Marika
Published: April 2014

The article presents variability of ice phenomena in the Warta River in Poznań based on data recorded in the water gauge station in Poznań - Roch Bridge in 1961-2010. The work aims to characterize and analyze ice phenomena and related hazards. First dates (freeze date), last dates (thaw date) and duration of ice phenomena and particular forms of ice, i.e. frazil ice, border ice, ice cover, ice floes and ice jam, were determined. In case of ice cover, its thickness was also analyzed. In the analyzed period, ice phenomena in the Warta River in Poznań had the maximum duration of 118 days, the earliest date appearance was on November 7 and the last on March 28. The first ice form to appear was frazil ice, the last ice floes and the longest lasting - ice floes. In the entire analyzed period, 15 winter seasons featured ice cover. The longest duration of ice cover was 29 days and its maximum thickness was 8 cm.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FLOOD DIRECTIVE IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Głosińska Ewa
Published: April 2014

The Flood Directive (FD) aims to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity (FD, Art. 1). The implementation of Directive is a multi-stage process, with the defined deadlines for the completion of each stage. The main aim of the paper is to present the process of Flood Directive implementation in Poland, including the present state of works on the implementation of particular stages. The evaluation of the significance of Directive implementation in Poland will also be presented.
RELIEF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BABIA GÓRA MASSIF, WESTERN CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS
Authors: Łajczak Adam
Published: April 2014

The paper discusses structural considerations relating to landform development on Mt. Babia Góra (1,725 m a.s.l.), the highest massif in the flysch section of the Western Carpathian Mountains. The Babia Góra massif consists of folded Palaeogene-age sediments, including resistant Magura sandstone and less resistant sub-Magura layers, with numerous tectonic faults. The area has inverse-type geomorphology. The monoclinal ridge of the massif itself consists of the resistant Magura sandstone dipping southwards. Since the Miocene, the development of the massif’s relief has involved a number of processes, including: tectonic uplifting, removal of a thick layer of rocks, exposure of sub-Magura layers over a large area, the staged development of valleys dissecting the pediments surrounding the ever higher ridge, and slope retreat due to deep landsliding. Axes of linear terrain forms, escarpments of landslide scars and of headwater areas follow two main intersecting fracture lines present within the massif. Large quantities of colluvial material are transported away from the massif along these lines. The development of the land relief has led to the elongation of slopes as local elevation differences increased. Landsliding has developed in an uphill direction, which means that the youngest relief is observed on the highest sections of steep slopes. The development of the massif’s northern slope, which has formed a high and precipitous cuesta, began to accelerate only after a nearly complete exposure of the sub-Magura layers at its foot. Following this exposure the profile of the massif’s N-S cross-section has begun to become asymmetrical. With time, the degree of general remodelling of the massif has tended to decrease. As a result, the geomorphological contrast between the northern and southern sides of the massif has become well established. The description of the probable development of the Babia Góra relief is based on the author’s fieldwork, an analysis of geological maps and aerial photos, and on literature.
Surgery in tumors of the lateral ventricles – last 8 years experience
Authors: Radoi Mugurel , Danaila Leon , Stefanescu Florin , Petrescu Daniel , Vakilnejad Ram
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Tumors of the lateral ventricle are rare lesions including a large variety of benign or malignant tumors. These tumors could originate in the ventricular wall or arising and expanding within the lateral ventricle from the surrounding neural structures. The purpose of this study is to discuss postoperative results and factors that affected the preference for transcallosal or transcortical approach.

Material and methods : We performed a retrospective study, lasted between 2005- 2013, that comprised 26 consecutive patients who underwent operation for lateral ventricle tumors. The main clinical symptoms and signs were associated with the localization and size of the tumors. Cerebral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine the location and expansion of each tumor. The transcortical approach was used in 17 patients and the transcallosal approach was used in 9 patients.

Results : Total tumor resection was achieved in 73% of cases (19 patients). Most frequent histological tumor’s type was glioblastoma, choroid plexus papilloma, ependymoma and meningioma. Signs of increased intracranial pressure were most dominant. One patient died because of postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage. Additional neurological deficits were seen in 3 patients and postoperative seizure occurred in three patients. One patient with preoperative hydrocephalus required ventriculoperitoneal shunting after tumor’s resection. Two patients developed postoperative epidural hematoma and one required reoperation. 15 of 26 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 6 of them received adjuvant chemotherapy. The mean duration of postoperative evaluation was 24,32 (range 5-92). Excepting the cases with subtotal resection, two patients were reoperated for recurrences.

Conclusions : The nature, size, location and vascularization of intraventricular tumors are the most important elements influencing the choice of surgical approach. Surgeons must evaluate all these factors and prefer the short and safe way to remove the tumor.
Estimation of selected agri-environmental indicators in farms located in direct infl uence zone on Natura 2000 area Dąbrowy Krotoszyńskie (PLH300002)
Authors: Kupiec Jerzy Mirosław
Published: April 2014

Estimation of selected agri-environmental indicators in farms located in direct influence zone on Natura 2000 area Dąbrowy Krotoszyńskie (PLH300002). The aim of this paperwork was the potential risk assessment from farming for natural-valuable ecosystems in Natura 2000 area, based on selected production and environment indicators. There were selected 75 farms located in Dąbrowy Krotoszyńskie (PLH300002) and in zone of direct effect on the NATURA 2000 area, in the Wielkopolska province. In the research data from years 2004-2011 were used. Dąbrowy Krotoszyńskie are located in two nitrogen vulnerable zone’s (NVZ) - Orla river, Czarna Woda and Kuroch rivers. Average size of 75 farms chosen to research was 37.8 ha. All of farms led plant and animal production. In the structure of livestock species predominated cattle (62.1%). Pork accounted for 36.6% share. To hear the current threat to the quality of surface waters from agricultural production for the 26 representative farms were calculated NPK nutrients balance by “on field surface” methodology. The results showed the average balance of nutrients surplus, the group analyzed on the level 121.9 kg N·ha-1 and 47.1 kg K·ha-1, which indicates that macro- -components are unsustainable management. Content of phosphorus did not exceed standards. One of the basic environmental indicators in agriculture is a load of farmland nitrogen from manure produced by livestock kept on the farm. Of the 75 surveyed farms only 12% exceeded the recommended standard 170 kg N·ha-1, while in 56% of farms had amount not exceeding 100 kg N·ha-1. In the paper were analyzes the status and the needs for structures to store manure. From the 75 studied farms, only seven had the right size concrete structure for storing solid manure for a period of six months. As many farmers had a suitable tank for liquid manure. Concrete for solid manure did not have 18% of farmers and 73%, there was no tank for liquid manure. This demonstrates the high negligence in this area and the potential risk of migration of nutrients to the environment.
Testing of reactive materials for phosphorus removal from water and wastewater – comparative study
Authors: Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Bus Agnieszka
Published: April 2014

Testing of reactive materials for phosphorus removal from water and wastewater - comparative study. Excess of phosphorus in surface water is a global problem. Phosphorus found in rivers, streams, agricultural ditches and lakes comes from both point and diffuse sources. To keep water bodies in a good ecological status it is necessary to manage it a at local level. One of the possible solutions is to use reactive materials in wastewater treatment plants as well as in case of diffuse sources of pollution to implement it in water bodies transporting pollutants from small catchments. This paper presents results of research made over the period of 6 years (2008-2013) in the Department of Environmental Improvement and Water Center WULS-SGGW. Seventeen different materials available in Poland and in other parts of the world were tested as potential reactive materials for phosphorus. The most effective P-sorption reactive materials are: Polonite®, shell sand, AAC, Pollytag and limestone with the apparent sorption capacities of: 94.32, 48.39, 43.17, 28.95, and 11.12 mg/g respectively.
Practice, preference and performance of cattle under peri-urban dairy management system in Mymensingh
Authors: Siddiquee NU , Rahman SMA , Bhuiyan MSA , Rahman AKMA , Amin MR , Bhuiyan AKFH
Published: April 2014

The objective of this research was to assess the status of cattle in respect of breeding system, quality of breeding services, their production, reproduction, health status, management system and marketing system using an in-depth baseline survey. The mean of homestead land owned by the farmers was 36.17± 32.94 decimal and most of them (48.3%) own very low homestead land (11-50 decimal). Average cultivable land owned was found as 101.52±61.044 decimal and a considerable number of farmers have medium (51-150 decimal) to high (151 onward decimal) land area. From the collected data, it is clear that most of the households have cattle and chicken. But among cattle owners, about 77.62% have lower number (1-3). Most of the farmers 69.8% use locally available grass and only 3.2 % fed exotic grass to their cows. Milk sale and consumption (52.13%) was found as main objective behind cattle rearing. Semi-intensive method of rearing was found most acceptable (77.62%) among the peri-urban farmers. Disease problem was quite high because of lack of routine vaccination where vaccination was found to be practiced by only 38.46% farmers. Indigenous cattle are of high preference among the farmers (52.45%) because of its easy management and high resistance to disease, 41.2% percent farmers preferred crossbred cattle. Main reasons behind preference for Deshi cattle were easy management (24.48%) and lower feed requirement (12.59%) whereas, reason behind crossbred preference (35.66%) was higher milk production. Artificial Insemination (AI) was preferred (61.06%) over natural service (38.94%). For artificial insemination, semen of Holstein Friesian (43.07%) was preferred where Deshi was the second most choice (32.12%). Most of the farmers (82.9%) have no idea about genotype, quality & merit of semen. Average milk yield of Deshi and crossbred genotype were found as 1.72±0.80 and 6.65±5.05 liter per day respectively whereas lactation period and dry period were found respectively as 243.98±113.13 and 92.37±63.14 days in crossbred, 249.69±106.93 and 96.58±32.06 days in Deshi cows. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18485 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 89-95
Long term cyclic heat stress influences physiological responses and blood characteristics in indigenous sheep
Authors: Rashid MM , Hossain MM , Azad MAK , Hashem MA
Published: April 2014

The present study was designed to elucidate changes in physiological and blood parameters of indigenous sheep during cyclic heat exposure. Twelve 2-4 year-old sheep with an average body weight of 10.5±0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of three experimental heat treatments: control (21°C, stall feeding), short term (21°C to 32°C; 32°C for 4 h/d, grazing), and long term (21°C to 32°; 32°C for 8 h/d, grazing).The results have shown that sheep exposed to cyclic heat treatments exhibited higher (P=0.05) rectal temperature, body temperature, and respiratory rate compared to the control group. Cyclic heat treatments significantly decreased heart rate of sheep. There was a sharp reduction in rumination and an increase in time spent by sheep in eating during cyclic heat treatments. Long term heat treatment significantly increased RBC and WBC counts, PCV values, and hemoglobin level than that of the control and short term heat treatments. Similar responses were also observed in plasma glucose, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels. These results suggest that short term heat stress is tolerable but long term is physiologically detrimental to them to indigenous sheep.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18486 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 96-100
A comparative study on the performances of layer hybrids in some selected areas of Khulna region
Authors: Islam SS , Paul C , Sarker BC
Published: April 2014

A survey was conducted in Batiaghata and Dacope upazilla of Khula district during the period from August to October, 2013 to observe the socioeconomic conditions of poultry farmers, existing feeding and management practices of poultry farms and performances of 5 different layer hybrids. The commercial layer hybrids considered in present study were of 30 layer farmers selected randomly from each Upazilla to collect the information. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire by direct interview of the farmers. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS. To observe the socioeconomic conditions, the age of selected farmers, their occupation, education level, family size, land size and annual income were considered. Mean age at first lay did not vary significantly among 5 different hybrids. Average mature weights of layer birds varied significantly (P<0.001) among 5 hybrids. Average egg production percentage was highest in Hisex White (86.81±1.86) and lowest in Decalb White (59.75±14.81). Average egg weight (g/egg) was highest in ISA Brown (61.65±1.11) and lowest in Decalb White (52.58±4.21). Egg production percentages and egg weights varied significantly among 5 different hybrids. Mortality percentage did not vary significantly but feed consumption per birds per day varied significantly (P<0.05) among hybrids. Highest average feed consumption (g/bird/d) was observed in ISA Brown (113.18±1.94) and lowest in Decalb White (95.40±9.09). Correlation coefficient (r) indicates that egg weight increased with the increase of egg production. Among the five different commercial layer hybrids, Hisex White showed the best egg production performance and could be recommended for the farmers of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18491 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 114-122
Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of calves in Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong district of Bangladesh
Authors: Nath TC , Bhuiyan MJU , Alam MS
Published: April 2014

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Frisian cross were 46%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The age and genotype of the calves and the locality of investigations might have influenced the prevalence of the parasitic infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 139-142
Effect of re-mating intervals on growth and reproductive performance of rabbits
Authors: Saha BK , Sarker MB , Alam MH , Kabir ME , Amin MR , Moniruzzaman M
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to know the effects of postpartum re-mating intervals on reproductive performances of does and growth of kits. Fifteen female New Zealand White crossbred rabbits were divided into three groups of equal numbers. They were re-mated within 24 hours, at 10 days and 28 days postpartum. Animals were individually caged in cells measuring 2'×2'×2'. Does were kept under natural lighting. Plastic nest boxes were supplied to does 3-4 days before parturition. They were reared up to four generation. Litter weight at birth was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 10 days postpartum than within 24 hours and at 28 days postpartum intervals. Higher growth rate was observed in 10 days postpartum group comparing to other re-mating groups. Milk yield of the dams were significantly (p<0.05) higher when dam re-mated at 10 days postpartum than those re-mated within 24 hours after parturition. Conception rate, gestation length of does, litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at weaning, doe weight at mating, kidding, weaning and kid mortality did not differ significantly among the groups. Rabbit does re-mated at 10 days postpartum show maximum litter weight at birth, growth rate of kits and milk yield of dam.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18497 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 143-147
Effects of varying concentration of soybean oils on hemato-biochemical profile in mice
Authors: Salahuddin M , Sarker M , Ahmad N , Miah MA
Published: April 2014

Plant fat like soybean oil is believed to be less harmful to our body compared to animal fat. To know the effect of soybean oil on hemato-biochemical profile, a total of 20, 6 weeks old Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=5). Group A was considered as control fed with rat pellets and others were treated with 2% (group B), 4% (group C) and 8% (group D) soybean oil, respectively, in addition to pellets. At the end of 45 days, hemato-biochemical parameters were analyzed. The total erythrocyte count (TEC) and hemoglobin (Hb) content were increased significantly (P<0.05) in group C and D compared to control group A and the highest concentration was recorded in group D. The total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and uric acid were also increased significantly (p<0.01) in group C and D compared to control and highest value was recorded in group D. It is concluded that some haemato-biochemical parameters of blood in the mice are affected by soybean oil enriched diet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18502 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 148-151
Metabolites in the milk of buffalo, Holstein cross, indigenous and Red Chittagong cattle of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MA , Uddin ME , Jahan R , Wadud A , Sarkar MM
Published: April 2014

Low molecular weight chemical compounds or intermediate products of a metabolism or other cellular processes are called metabolites. The objective of the present study was to investigate the variations in the metabolite concentration in the milk from crossbred water Buffalo (B), Holstein cross (H), Indigenous cattle (I) and Red Chittagong Cattle (R) and the relationships among those metabolites. The concentration of citric acid, ? -keto glutaric acid (?-keto GA), orotic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, uric acid and propionic acid were measured by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Pooled milk samples of nine B, fifteen I and twenty R cows were collected from the research farm of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The pooled milk samples of H were collected from twenty five cows of Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the sampling was done from the morning milking. The samples were preserved by adding bronopol tablet and frozen and stored at -20 °C. Except propionic acid, all the metabolites varied significantly (p<0.01) among the milk types and B milk had lowest concentration of them. The highest concentration of citric acid (ppm) was 2245.50±39.90 in I milk followed by 2156.60±26.60 in R, 1858.30±8.70 in H and 1366.70±33.70 in B milk. The H, I and R milk were found similar in their ?-keto GA content. Similarities were also found for succinic acid between H and R milk and so for H and I milk in uric acid content. Highest formic acid was found in H milk (392.78±2.23 ppm) and the lowest was 308.91±3.75 ppm in R milk while B and I milk was found similar. The lowest concentration of uric acid was found 0.44±0.26 ppm in B milk and R milk had the highest content (11.38±1.10 ppm). Pyruvic, formic and propionic acids showed no significant relationship among them and with others as well. The most highly significant (p<0.01) correlation was found between orotic and ?-keto GA (r=0.915) and between uric and succinic acid (r=0.914). So, the metabolites showed a considerable variation in their concentration in different types of milk and also some of the parameters showed significant relationship among them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18504 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 152-157
Community based waste management and its utilization for sustainable environment
Authors: Sarkar SK , Uddin MK
Published: April 2014

The goal of this study of community based waste management and utilization was to reduce the major negative impact of environment and health hazards created by improperly managed waste mainly focusing on livestock production system of Bangladesh. The waste amounted 4,78,220 kg annually managed by the community contribute to significant role regarding human and livestock health, sanitation, economic as well as environmental aspects. In terms of economic, the Chadkarim community could earn net benefit of Tk. 2,70,146 in 2012 by selling waste by-products, major earnings come from 95,644 kg of organic fertilizer producing amounting Tk. 1,37,546 The global environmental perspective is to reduce livestock-induced, land-based pollution and environmental degradation. One of the major costs of running an agricultural farm can include buying nitrogen in the form of anhydrous ammonia to fertilize crops. But there are other agricultural costs associated with nitrogen, especially when the nitrogen in livestock waste produces pungent and potentially harmful ammonia emissions. To get expected production and to trap optimum socio-economic benefit from livestock rearing, waste must be managed in proper ways through a community based biogas producing approach of waste management to have sustainable environment. During one year community managed 4,78,220 kg degradable waste and produced about 17,216 m3 of biogas and utilized that gas for cooking and electricity generation. The notable benefits come from womens saved time and money. The 200 households at the community in one year have saved 15,881 working days through reduced time required for managing of fuel and cooking purposes. Most of the saved time is being utilized for household tasks and for education of the children. This is one of the greatest contribution to the nation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18506 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 165-173
Adult education and publishing Canadian fiction in a global context: a Foucauldian analysis
Authors: Gouthro Patricia A. , Holloway Susan M
Published: April 2014

This paper draws upon findings from a research study on the relationship between fiction, citizenship, and lifelong learning. It includes interviews with authors from several genres, publishing houses, and arts councils. This paper explores many of the ambivalent outcomes of the shifting power elements in publishing that can simultaneously benefit and disadvantage the publication of a national body of fiction. Although focused on the Canadian context, fiction writers and publishers around the globe face similar challenges. Using a Foucauldian analysis, it considers the importance of fiction and adult learning in shaping discourses of citizenship and critical social learning.
Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals based on biphenyl as a central molecular core
Authors: Kovářová Anna , Světlík Svatopluk , Kozmík Václav , Svoboda Jiří , Novotná Vladimíra , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa , Podoliak Natalia
Published: April 2014

Bent-shaped mesogens possessing a biphenyl as a central core have been synthesized and the role of the terminal chain and the orientation of the ester as a linkage group have been investigated. For the studied molecular core we have established that both parameters play an important role for the mesomorphic properties. The polyfluoroalkyl terminal chain supports the formation of mesophases, and the introduction of a chiral lactate terminal chain destabilizes mesophases for the first type of mutual orientation of ester groups, attached to the central core. On the contrary, for the opposite orientation of esters, the terminal chain has no effect on the mesomorphic properties, and columnar phases have been found for all compounds. A unique phase sequence has been found for the mesogen with the fluorinated chain. A generalized tilted smectics, SmCG, have been observed in a temperature interval between two different lamellar SmCP phases and characterized by X-ray and dielectric measurements. The dielectric spectroscopy data are unique and presented for the first time in the SmCG phase providing new information about the molecular dynamics.
L'expérience freudienne est-elle compatible avec celle des neurosciences cognitives ?
Authors: Normand Michel
Published: April 2014

Nombre d’articles, d’ouvrages et de colloques alimentent une opinion : la psychanalyse, confrontée aux découvertes des neurosciences cognitives, serait non scientifique. Si celle-ci ne se renouvelle pas en puisant à ce nouveau modèle, elle est condamnée à disparaître. Cette controverse concerne non seulement la recherche fondamentale mais également la pratique clinique et thérapeutique. Nous mettons en question ce projet de fonder l’inconscient sur un substrat biologique et sur le paradigme neuro-computationnel. La psychanalyse est l’expérience d’un réel qui lui est propre. Ce réel est celui de la seulematérialité du langage et de ses incidences pour l’être parlant quand il s’adresse à l’Autre du transfert. Ainsi l’individu biologique, qu’il soit humain ou animal, soumis à l’expérience de laboratoire ne saurait nous apprendre quoi que ce soit concernant le sujet de l’inconscient, celui qui fait trou dans le savoir.
D-learning Model for for Knowledg Management in Enterprise 2.0
Authors: Amrous Naila , Daoudi Najima , Khadija Elghomari , Badia Ettaki
Published: April 2014

Managing knowledge and skills of an enterprise in the era of social and collaborative web has increased the difficulty of the process previously known in the field of KM. besides this, in the era of globalization on the one hand and the economic crisis on the other hand, the companies become increasingly competitive and the employees must be more qualified but also polyvalent. Therefore, company need more then even before to provide tools to employees to become able to create, share, distribute and re-use knowledge and skills. New opportunities for content management enterprise processes associated with distance learning offer a better alternative to processing, sharing and dissemination of tacit and explicit knowledge.
The Efficacy of Deliberate Practice Delivered Using Asynchronous Training Technology
Authors: McEdwards Colleen E.
Published: April 2014

Employee productivity is key to survival in business. Senior employees require access to advanced training that does not necessitate extended periods away from their work. Once performance begins to plateau, it can be difficult to reach experienced employees with cost-effective, timely, and relevant training opportunities. Organizations must find ways to enhance employee performance; however, research suggests workplace training is too expensive and is too often without lasting benefit. The purpose of this study is to further quantify deliberate practice as a potentially efficient, customizable mode of training using asynchronous e-learning. The study compared traditional seminars with online deliberate practice training. While additional research is needed in wider learning contexts and with larger sample sizes, improvements among the deliberate practice groups were significant. Using a mixed methods pretest/posttest research design, the deliberate practice training showed improved performance and increased satisfaction compared with the traditional seminar approach.
Vers une maturité des territoires périurbains ?
Authors: Berger Martine , Aragau Claire , Rougé Lionel
Published: April 2014

Les couronnes périurbaines des grandes métropoles sont le plus souvent décrites comme des espaces où mobilités résidentielles et navettes domicile-travail mettent en jeu des échanges de longue portée avec la ville centre. En nous appuyant à la fois sur des données censitaires restituant l’évolution sur plusieurs décennies et sur des enquêtes auprès de ménages périurbains, nous avons pu repérer une inflexion des comportements de mobilité en grande couronne francilienne. Au-delà de la diversification sociale et générationnelle des périurbains, quelques grandes figures se dégagent, qui mettent en évidence une volonté d’ancrage dans les communes de résidence et de recentrage des mobilités sur des territoires de proximité.
Ici commence le Brésil ! Géohistoire d’une frontière compliquée
Authors: Ferretti Federico
Published: April 2014

Un nouvel ouvrage de l’historien brésilien Carlo Romani vient d’apporter une contribution importante à la construction géo-historique de la frontière entre le Brésil et la Guyane française, ainsi qu’à l’étude de ses enjeux politiques et de son impact sur la société locale. Nous analysons ce travail à la lumière du rôle joué par les géographes français, notamment Henri Coudreau, Élisée Reclus et Paul Vidal de la Blache, qui sont intervenus avec des positions très hétérogènes dans la controverse frontalière de 1897-1900. Nous soulignons finalement l’actualité de ces débats pour les enjeux présents de l’intégration régionale des territoires concernés.
A Survey of Research Methods and Purposes in Mobile Learning
Authors: Wingkvist Anna , Ericsson Morgan
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the authors present a survey of published research in mobile learning. The authors investigate 114 papers from mLearn 2005, 2007, and 2008, and classify them according to two dimensions: research method and research purpose. Research methods and purposes are important parts of how research is conducted. Opinions and approaches toward research differ greatly. The classified papers are evenly distributed among the research methods investigated, with one exception, there are few in basic research. In terms of research purpose, papers that describe research are well represented but there is a lack of papers targeting evaluation. Papers recounting both basic research and research evaluation are imperative, as they help a research field to mature and researchers to avoid repeating known pitfalls. This maturity, in turn, leads to better scalability and sustainability for future research efforts in the mobile learning community.
Mobile Technology and Student Learning
Authors: Pollara Pamela , Broussard Kelly Kee
Published: April 2014

As mobile devices become ubiquitous, it is necessary to analyze if and how these devices can be used for learning. This systematic review is part of a larger review that analyzed 21 mobile learning research studies published from 2005-present. Eleven studies that focused specifically on student learning outcomes and processes are summarized in this review in order to better understand the direction of mobile learning in mainstream education. Overall, studies were found to be positive and indicated several benefits of using mobile devices for learning including an increase in achievement, productivity, engagement, and motivation. This paper also highlights recommendations for future research and practice in the field of mobile learning, specifically focusing on the way personal mobile device ownership may influence learning both inside and outside the classroom.
Unearthing Invisible Buildings
Authors: Winter Marcus , Pemberton Lyn
Published: April 2014

Recent research has identified excessive device focus as a serious problem in collaborative mobile learning as it undermines key ideas of learners engaging with their co-learners in context-rich authentic settings. Various recommendations have been formulated to address device focus in the design of mobile learning technology and pedagogy and foster students’ engagement with both their peers and their environment. This paper describes how some of these recommendations have been implemented and extended in the design of Invisible Buildings, a mobile collaborative game-based activity for schoolchildren. It reports the results of an empirical evaluation of the learning experience with primary school children, focusing on students’ engagement with their social and physical context during learning activities, and providing insights into their behaviour and strategies with respect to device sharing. Findings broadly confirm the effectiveness of the implemented measures and show good student acceptance of the tools employed and the overall learning experience.
Audio Active
Authors: Middleton Andrew
Published: April 2014

This paper challenges the dominant perception evident in the literature that mobile podcasting is primarily a medium for knowledge transmission. It describes why and how mobile audio learning can be facilitative, active and integrated, and how it can involve diverse voices, including those of students, in ways that usefully disrupt didactic pedagogy. Audio is described as an active learning environment, capable of supporting connection to the real world around education in which students are able to act as autonomous learner-gatherers. The paper responds to concerns raised by Ciussi, Rosner, and Augier (2009) that some students are disinterested in podcasting and uses a scenario-based design methodology (Carroll, 2000) to describe and evaluate six innovative applications. It concludes that mobile audio can be understood as an active medium capable of richly and meaningfully engaging learners.
Listening to an Educational Podcast While Walking or Jogging
Authors: Coens Joke , Degryse Ellen , Senecaut Marie-Paul , Cottyn Jorge , Clarebout Geraldine
Published: April 2014

The advent of podcasting offers opportunities for students to learn while performing another activity. While podcasting is advocated by many as helping to learn anywhere and anytime, research indicates that it is not so easy for people to do two things at the same time. Two experiments were set up to examine the effect of performing a secondary task while learning with an iPod. In the experimental groups, the participants had to combine a learning task (listening to an educational podcast) with a secondary task (walking or jogging). The control group only had to perform a learning task. Afterwards, all the participants had to complete a learning test. In the first study, there were no significant differences between the learning performances of students of the different conditions. In the second study, the students who were sitting down outperformed the students who were moving while studying.
Reflections on 4 Years of mLearning Implementation (2007-2010)
Authors: Cochrane Thomas
Published: April 2014

This paper provides a comparative analysis of five mlearning case studies involving 4 years of action research mlearning projects. The projects investigated the potential of mobile web 2.0 tools to facilitate social constructivist learning environments across multiple learning contexts. Highlighted are the design framework, identified critical success factors, and implementation strategy developed from the thirteen mlearning projects undertaken between 2007 and 2009, with an analysis of the eight 2009 projects and their subsequent adaptation in 2010. The projects illustrate the impact of mlearning supported by sustained interaction via communities of practice facilitating pedagogical shifts from teacher-directed to student-generated content and student-generated contexts.
Mature Students using Mobile Devices in Life and Learning
Authors: Kukulska-Hulme Agnes , Pettit John , Bradley Linda , Carvalho Ana A. , Herrington Anthony , Kennedy David M. , Walker Aisha
Published: April 2014

The paper reports on research concerned with learners’ uses of mobile technologies based on an international survey that targeted students registered in selected master’s and doctoral programmes in Australia, Hong Kong, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The survey findings were enriched by local knowledge, as the authors administered questionnaires in their own countries. The research gives an account of uses of handheld devices by students from departments of education, educational technology, engineering, and information technology in the domains of learning, work, social interaction and entertainment. The paper illuminates learners’ choices in the midst of evolving social practices, and challenges the common preconception that mobile devices are not suitable for academic study. In today’s global education marketplace, educators must know the technology habits and expectations of their students, including those from other countries. Knowing about students’ previous practices and the techno-cultural setting they come from can help institutions determine what mobile applications are most appropriate to support learning.
Empowered Learner Identity Through M-Learning
Authors: Wallace Ruth
Published: April 2014

E-learning has been promoted as a key component of improving educational access and opportunity internationally, but for disenfranchised learners, many forms of e-learning are just as alien as the educational systems they have rejected. M-learning utilises technologies, activities and social systems that are integrated into many people’s lives, including those who have had limited access to, or rejected, formal education systems. This paper discusses projects conducted in Northern Australia that explored a range of e-tools to support indigenous students’ engagement and recognition of their knowledge and contexts. Mobile learning tools emerged as the preferred way to learn throughout the project. This approach challenges educational institutions to connect to students’ lives and contexts. This paper shows how participants utilised m-learning to demonstrate their diverse knowledge systems, the decisions they made about representing knowledge though m-learning, and the implications for trainers and assessors.
Wnt5a–Rac1–NF-κB Homeostatic Circuitry Sustains Innate Immune Functions in Macrophages
Authors: Naskar Debdut , Maiti George , Chakraborty Arijit , Roy Arunava , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Sen Malini
Published: April 2014

Macrophages play a critical role in innate immunity. Differentiation Ags present on macrophages such as CD14 orchestrate the first line of defense against infection. The basal/homeostatic signaling scheme that keeps macrophages thus groomed for innate immune functions remains unresolved. Wnt5a–Fz5 signaling being a primordial event during cell differentiation, we examined the involvement of Wnt5a–Fz5 signaling in the maintenance of innate immune functions. In this study, we demonstrate that innate immune functions of macrophages ensue at least partly through a homeostatic Wnt5a–Fz5–NF-κB (p65) circuit, which is Rac1 dependent. The autocrine/paracrine Wnt5a–Fz5–Rac1–p65 signaling cascade not only maintains basal levels of the immune defense modulating IFNs and CD14; it also supports macrophage survival. Wnt5a–Fz5–Rac1 signaling mediated p65 homeostasis in turn sustains Wnt5a expression in a feed-forward mode. The natural immune response of macrophages to Escherichia coli/LPS and virus is accordingly sustained. The depiction of sustenance of innate immune functions as an outcome of a homeostatic Wnt5a–p65 axis unfolds previously unidentified details of immune regulation and provides new insight into homeostatic cell signaling.
Bordetella Bronchiseptica in the Immunosuppressed Population – A Case Series and Review.
Authors: Yacoub Abraham Tareq , Katayama Mitsuya , Tran JoAnn , Zadikany Ronit , Kandula Manasa , Greene John Norman
Published: April 2014

Organisms that are not known to cause serious infection in the immunocompetent population can in fact cause devastating illness in immunosupressed neutropenic populations especially those who are undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and solid organ transplantation or a history of malignancy.  One organism of interest isolated from immunosupressed patients at our institution was Bordetella bronchiseptica. B. bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium, primary respiratory tract organism known to cause respiratory tract disease in the animal population which include dogs, cats, and rabbits. This organism rarely causes serious infection in the immunocompetent population. However; in immunosupressed patients, it can cause serious pulmonary disease. We present three cases of B. bronchiseptica isolated from patients with a history of malignancy a serious pulmonary infection.