bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THINK-PAIR-SQUARE (TPS), SEBUAH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Irianti Nathasa Pramudita , Wijaya Elita Mega Selvia
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran Think Pair Square (TPS) terhadap peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Bentuk tindakan pada siklus I merupakan perbaikan untuk tindakan pada siklus II. Tindakan yang diberikan adalah penerapan model pembelajaran TPS. Penerapan pembelajaran ini terlaksana dengan baik. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada tahap berfikir, berpasangan dan berempat di siklus I yang belum terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar menjadi lebih baik pada siklus II. Aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II pada kategori baik dengan persentase rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus I sebesar 7% untuk kategori K (Kurang); 54% untuk tingkat C (Cukup) dan 39% pada kategori B (Baik), mengalami peningkatan ke kategori baik ditandai dengan berkurangnya jumlah siswa yang mencapai kategori K dan C, yaitu rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus II sebesar 0% untuk kategori K (Kurang); 46,5% untuk kategori C (Cukup) dan 53,5% pada kategori B (Baik). Prestasi belajar mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, ditandai oleh peningkatan skor tes tulis rata-rata siswa sebesar 6,95 (9,55%) dan peningkatan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 45% dari 40% menjadi 85%.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Think-Pair-Square (TPS) Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIIID Semester II SMP Negeri 20 Malang
Authors: Silviriyanti Desis
Published: December 2020

Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan guru IPA (fisika) kelas VIIID semester II SMP Negeri 20 Malang diperoleh informasi bahwa pembelajaran yang digunakan masih didominasi oleh guru dan kadang menggunakan diskusi. Namun diskusi yang digunakan tidak membuat siswa menjadi aktif, karena siswa lebih senang memilih sendiri kelompok diskusinya. Situasi tersebut membuat proses belajar mengajar kurang efektif dan maksimal, sehingga prestasi belajar siswa menjadi kurang maksimal. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan untuk membuat siswa lebih aktif adalah model pembelajaran TPS. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Bentuk tindakan pada siklus I merupakan perbaikan untuk tindakan pada siklus II. Tindakan yang diberikan adalah penerapan model pembelajaran TPS. Penerapan pembelajaran ini terlaksana dengan baik. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada tahap berfikir, berpasangan dan berempat di siklus I yang belum terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar menjadi lebih baik pada siklus II. Aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II pada kategori baik dengan persentase rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus I sebesar 7% untuk kategori K (Kurang); 54% untuk tingkat C (Cukup) dan 39% pada kategori B (Baik), mengalami peningkatan ke kategori baik ditandai dengan berkurangnya jumlah siswa yang mencapai kategori K dan C, yaitu rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus II sebesar 0% untuk kategori K (Kurang); 46,5% untuk kategori C (Cukup) dan 53,5% pada kategori B (Baik). Prestasi belajar mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, ditandai oleh peningkatan skor tes tulis rata-rata siswa sebesar 6,95 (9,55%) dan peningkatan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 45% dari 40% menjadi 85%.
Penguatan Konsep Operasi Bilangan Bulat Pada Siswa Inklusi Melalui Media Matryk (Math Story Book)
Authors: Rina Rusdiana , Miftahul Jannah Seroja , Erni Pratiwi Vina , Soemantri Sandha
Published: December 2020

Meningkatkatnya jumlah Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Indonesia setiap tahunnya membuat pihak pemerintah harus melakukan penanganan bagi ABK khususnya dalam bidang pendididikan. Pihak pemerintah telah berusaha untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan pendidikan bagi ABK dengan adanya Sekolah Luar Biasa. Namun realitasnya SLB kurang maksimal dalam memberikan pelayanan pendidikan terhadap anak didiknya, karena media yang digunakan hampir seluruh SLB di Indonesia masih berbentuk konvensional. Padahal dalam sebuah pembelajaran perlu adanya inovasi pembelajaran supaya peserta didik lebih bersemangat dan mudah memahami materi yang diajarkan, terutama dalam pelajaran matematika karena selama ini matematika masih menjadi pelajaran yang sulit dan tidak digemari siswa. Padahal anak ABK juga memerlukan matematika agar mampu berpikir secara matematis dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu upaya memperbaiki media pembelajaran dalam mata pelajaran matematika adalah dengan adanya inovasi media pembelajaran. Pembelajaran matematika untuk ABK dengan media visual 3 dimensi akan sangat menyenangkan dan diminati ABK. Adapun masyarakat sasaran dari program ini adalah siswa kelas I–V SDLB/C KUMARA II SURABAYA. Sebagian besar siswa merasa bosan bahkan tidak mampu memahami matematika dalam proses pembelajaran karena penggunaan media pembelajaran yang masih konvensional. Selain itu, data kuisioner media pembelajaran konvensional vs inovasi media pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa kelas I–V SDLB/C KUMARA II SURABAYA lebih suka bermain sendiri atau keluar kelas daripada harus memperhatikan guru mengajar. Memperhatikan permasalahan yang ada, dilakukan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat MATRYK (Math Story Book) sebagai upaya dalam inovasi media pembelajaran melalui proses pembelajaran matematika di SDLB/C KUMARA II SURABAYA. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk membantu ABK memahami matematika dengan mudah melalui proses pembelajaran matematika dengan langsung mengaplikasikan matematika dalam cerita yang ada di buku sehingga dapat melatih siswa dalam mengatasi persoalan matematika sehingga dapat melatih kemampuan matematis anak sebagai bekal dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
KORELASI ANTARA HASIL TES LISAN DENGAN HASIL TES TERTULIS PADA MAHASISWA PGSD UNRAM
Authors: Oktaviyanti Itsna , Rosyidah Awal Nur Kholifatur
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between oral test results with the written test results of PGSD UNRAM students. The approach used in this research is quantitative with the type of correlation research. The population was all of second semester studentsm using sampling technique of simple random sampling, the samples obtained amounted to 180. Data collection techniques used were oral tests and written tests. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis and Product Moment correlation. The results showed that: 1) oral test results were included in both categories with an average of 79.6; (2) written test results are included in both categories with an average of 78.65; and (3) there is a correlation between the learning outcomes of oral tests with the written learning outcomes of PGSD UNRAM students. Students who understand the concept of the material, have good social studies learning outcomes between oral tests and written tests. Both types of tests can be varied implementation, according to time, conditions, and type of material to be tested.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, PEMBELAJARAN, PERSEPSI DAN SIKAP TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA MEMILIH JURUSAN
Authors: Maknunah Lu'lu Ul , Sudiasmo Fandi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Balitar dengan tujuan untuk mencari tahu apakah sikap, motivasi, pembelajaran dan persepsi mempengaruhi keputusan mahasiswa memilih jurusan. Uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji asumsi klasik meliputi uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas dan uji heteroskedastisitas.Setelah uji asumsi klasik, dilakukan uji hipotesis yang meliputi uji parsial dan uji simultan.Hasilnya, keempat variabel bebas yaitu sikap, motivasi, pembelajaran dan persepsi mempengaruhi mahasiswa dalam menentukan jurusan baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Hal ini terbukti dengan nilai sig. pada uji parsial dan uji simultan yang menunjukkan nilai kurang dari 0,05. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan di masa mendatang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik lebih memperhatikan lagi beberapa faktor psikologis diantaranya sikap, motivasi, pembelajaran dan persepsi yang terbukti mempengaruhi mahasiswa dalam memilih jurusan, agar semakin banyak lagi mahasiswa yang memilih jurusan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Balitar. Selain itu, diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan rujukan penelitian di masa mendatang dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas terutama ketika akan memilih sebuah jurusan dapat melihat dari berbagai variabel keputusan.

This research was conducted at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Balitar Islamic University with the aim of finding out whether attitudes, motivations, learning and perceptions influence the decisions of students choosing majors. The test used in this study is the classical assumption test including normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. After the classic assumption test, a hypothesis test is performed which includes a partial test and a simultaneous test. As a result, the four independent variables namely attitude, motivation, learning and perception affect students in determining majors either partially or simultaneously. This is proven by the value of sig. in partial tests and simultaneous tests that show values less than 0.05. Therefore, it is expected that in the future, the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences will pay more attention to several psychological factors including attitudes, motivation, learning and perceptions that are proven to influence students in choosing majors, so that more and more students choose majors in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Political Science, Balitar Islamic University. In addition, it is hoped that the results of this study can be used as reference material for future research and be of benefit to the wider community, especially when choosing a major to look at various decision variables.
Effect of basalt rock powder associated with different substrates on the initial development of aroeira seedlings (Myracrodruon urundeuva)
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de , Pina José Carlos , Pereira Sílvia Rahe , Bono José Antoino Maior , Matias Rosemary , Pires Fabio de Freitas , Assis Talles Edmundo de
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth of aroeira in Oxisol soil with the addition of different organic (humus and vermicompost) and organic/mineral substrates (commercial substrate) and rock powder. Seeds were collected and, after germination, transplanted to different types of substrate. The treatments assembled, with different proportions of compounds, were: T1 (50% humus + 50% Oxisol); T2 (50% commercial substrate + 50% Oxisol); T3 (50% vermicompost + 50% Oxisol); T4 (40% humus + 40% Oxisol + 20% rock powder); T5 (40% commercial substrate + 40% Oxisol + 20% rock powder); T6 (40% vermicompost + 40% Oxisol + 20% rock powder); T7 (30% humus + 30% Oxisol + 40% rock powder); T8 (30% commercial substrate + 30% Oxisol + 40% rock powder); and T9 (30% vermicompost + 30% Oxisol + 40% rock powder). Initial plant development was influenced by the treatments; 20% powder and 40% nitrogen from humus (T4) produced seedlings with the greatest root, aerial part and total weight, in addition to greatest height and collar diameter. The data obtained indicate that aroeira develops better when in argillaceous substrates, with the addition of 40% humus and 20% rock powder, indicating the adequacy of this composition for its initial growth.
Análise de representações dos conceitos de ciência e tecnologia tais como expressos por estudantes da educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Santos Jonathas Costa Vieira dos , Sobral Júnior Geraldo Alves
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar as representações conceituais de ciência e tecnologia expressas por estudantes de um curso técnico de nível médio do Instituto Federal de Alagoas - Ifal, explorando as semelhanças, diferenças e complementaridades dos conceitos elaborados pelos estudantes. Como ciência e tecnologia são eixos estruturantes da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, o artigo objetiva compreender se os sujeitos, inseridos nessa modalidade de ensino, apresentam concepções críticas diante desses eixos enquanto construtos sociais e suas implicações no mercado de trabalho. Foi possível estruturar, a partir das respostas, dois grandes eixos temáticos em torno do conceito de ciência (“resolutiva” (prática) e “compreensiva” (teórica)) e outros dois em torno do conceito de tecnologia (“criação e aprimoramento de artefatos” e “dimensão social”). As análises demonstram que os sujeitos fazem uma inter-relação entre os conceitos de ciência e tecnologia estabelecendo relações de causa e efeito entre ambos. Também investigamos a percepção dos estudantes quanto ao impacto de ciência e tecnologia no mercado de trabalho de onde emergiram outros dois eixos temáticos (“automatização do trabalho” e “avanço e dependência” [da tecnologia]), nos quais os discentes reconhecem os avanços proporcionados por ciência e tecnologia ao mundo do trabalho e demonstram preocupação com o desemprego estrutural impulsionado por esses mesmos avanços. O estudo é de caráter qualitativo e seus dados, coletados através de questionários, foram interpretados utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo.
Análise in silico de metabólitos ativos isolados de Libidibia ferrea Martius
Authors: Ramos Luan Victor Resque , Barros Anísia Sofia Mota , Dolabela Maria Fani
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho realizou estudos in silico para predição das atividades farmacocinéticas, físico-químicas, toxicológicas e biológicas de metabólitos isolados de Libidibia ferrea Martius, planta utilizada popularmente para o tratamento de inflamações e lesões, como antidiabética, antimicrobiana, antifúngica e antileishmaniose. As comparações foram realizadas através dos programas: chemsketch, mcule property calculator, preadmet, protox e pass online. Os resultados revelaram que apenas as moléculas lupenona e o trans-farnesol apresentaram absorção intestinal acima de 90%. Os metabólitos ácido gálico, catequina, metil-galato, quercetina e trans-farnesol seguem a regra de lipinsk em todos os seus parâmetros pré-condicionados. No que se refere a inibição enzimática, cada uma das moléculas do estudo demonstrou inibição direcionada a pelo menos duas enzimas da CYP. A lupenona foi a única molécula que se apresentou ativa contra o protozoário leishmania, além de ser promissora contra neoplasias e inflamação. A catequina e quercetina demonstraram resultados positivos no que tange a atividade antioxidante, e a maioria das substâncias do estudo em questão apresentaram capacidade de proteção mucomembranosa. Nenhuma substância demonstrou embriotoxicidade ou teratogênese, mas todas as moléculas demonstraram possuir certo nível de toxicidade em outros parâmetros de análise. Em termos farmacocinético, toxicológico e biológico, as moléculas pauferrol A, B e C foram as menos promissoras, enquanto que a lupenona, catequina e quercetina apresentaram os melhores resultados.
Bench Set Impact Analysis on Fail-Safe Condition of Fail to Closed Type Control Valve with Spring-Diaphragm Actuator
Authors: Ramdan Yoki Andriawan , Hendriana Dena , Nasution Henry , Baskoro Gembong
Published: December 2020

Control valve is one of key elements in processing of a chemical industry and it is one of its important functions is as a flow control of chemical process. The accuracy of control valve opening or traveling is proportional to flow capacity. On the other hand, a leakage of a control valve on its failed position especially for Air to Open-Fail Closed (ATO-FC) type valve can become a disaster. One of critical parameters in Control Valve that impacts to performance and fail-safe position is Bench set range spring in valve’s actuator. This work analyzed this Bench set range impact to the fail-safe position. The force in spring is defined by control valve specification verified by force balance method of control valve. Then the impact of bench set range was analyzed by displacement of spring from spring force equation. At the end, the outcome is displacement data in correlation to the change of bench set range. It helps the repair technician on the maintenance workshop of permissible range when they adjust the bench set range by adjusting spring compression.
Monitoring of Thermostat Performance In Heavy Equipment Diesel Engine Cooling System Using An Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Authors: Haryadi Setyo , Hendriana Dena , Nasution Henry , Baskoro Gembong
Published: December 2020

Heavy equipment uses diesel engines as the main power source. Common problem in diesel engines is engine overheat condition and the cause of this problem can come from thermostat failure. Diagnosis of the thermostat when problem occurs in the diesel engine cooling system requires a long time. This study aims to determine the condition of the coolant flow and monitor thermostat performance while engine is running so thermostat failure can be detected earlier. In this study, an ultrasonic flow meter to measure coolant flow rate in the diesel engine cooling system was developed and the measurement is displayed for monitoring the condition of thermostat. The monitoring system has been installed and the results showed significant relationship between the coolant flow rate and the performance of the thermostat. This monitoring system can show that when the thermostat is in normal condition and when the coolant temperature reaches 80oC, it is detected that the coolant flow rate from the engine block to the radiator increases significantly.
Selülozik, sentetik, poliüretan ve su bazlı vernik uygulanmış bambu malzemesinde yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması üzerine bir çalışma
Authors: AYKAÇ Sevda , SOFUOĞLU Sait Dündar
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada bambu (Bambusa) ahşap malzemeye sektörde en fazla tercih edilen ahşap koruyucu selülozik, sentetik, poliüretan ve su bazlı vernikler uygulanmış ve yüzey pürüzlülük değişimleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Bambu malzemesinden TS 2470 standardına uyularak hazırlanan örneklere selülozik, sentetik, poliüretan ve su bazlı vernikler fırça ile uygulanmıştır. Vernik uygulanmadan önce ve uygulandıktan sonra yüzeylerde TS 6956 EN ISO 4287’ye göre yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri (Ra ve Rz) tespit edilmiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde üst yüzey işlemi uygulandıktan sonra dört kata kadar düşüş görülmektedir. Vernik uygulanmamış (kontrol) yüzeylerde Ra = 2.38 µm, Rz 13.72 µm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Vernikli yüzeylerde en yüksek Ra değeri (0.48 µm) su bazlı vernikte, en düşük Ra değeri (0.34 µm) selülozik vernikli yüzeylerde meydana gelmiştir. En yüksek Rz değeri ise sentetik vernik uygulanmış yüzeylerde (2.79 µm), en düşük Rz değeri ise selülozik vernikte (2.04 µm) görülmektedir. Bambudan üretilmiş deney numunelerine uygulanan vernik işlemleri sonrası pürüzlülük değerleri vernik çeşitlerine göre az da olsa farklılık göstermiştir.
Efficacy of MTAD solution and Er:YAG laser in smear layer removal from extracted root canals: a sem evaluation.
Authors: KALYONCU Işıl , EREN GİRAY Figen , DURMUS Basak , GARİP BERKER Yildiz , TANBOĞA İlknur
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent), Er:YAG laser, 17% EDTA, and 5.25% NaOCl in removing the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. Materials and Methods: Various organic acids, instruments and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. Twenty-eight extracted maxillary and mandibular incisors were prepared with rotary files. The teeth were randomly allocated to four treatment groups for final irrigation as follows: (1) 17% EDTA (followed by NaOCl), (2) 5.25% NaOCl, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) MTAD. All teeth were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the removal of the smear layer was examined in the apical, middle and coronal thirds. Results: At coronal location, NaOCl(2.2±0.4) group had significantly higher scores than MTAD(0.0±0.0), EDTA(0.6±0.4) and Er:YAG laser(0.6±0.4) groups (p
Türkiye’de Zorunlu Göç ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet
Authors: Ustubici Aysen
Published: December 2020

Yerinden edilme süreçlerinin uzun yıllara yayılması ve artan sayıda nüfusu etkilemesi ile beraber, 1980'lerde mülteci çalışmaları ve zorunlu göç çalışmaları bilimsel bir alan olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.  Aynı zamanlarda, kalkınma alanındaki feminist yaklaşımlar, toplumsal cinsiyeti analitik bir mercek olarak dikkate alan araştırmaların azlığına dikkat çekmiştir. Halen süregelen tartışmada en büyük eleştirilerinden biri zorunlu göç alanında kanıta dayalı politika yapımını bilgilendirecek cinsiyet ve yaşa dayalı verilerin eksikliğidir. Türkiye, Suriye savaşının ardından dünyanın en yüksek mülteci alıcı ülkesi olduğundan; bir yandan Türkiye'ye yönelen mülteci nüfus üzerine yapılan araştırmalar katlanarak artmaktadır. Diğer yandan ise, uluslararası literatürdeki eleştirileri takiben, Türkiye bağlamındaki çalışmalarda zorla yerinden olmanın nedenlerini, deneyimlerini ve sonuçlarını açıklamada cinsiyet perspektifinin eksikliğini vurgulanmaktadır. Uluslararası ve Türkiye merkezli literatürle diyalog içinde olan bu makale; mevcut raporları ve istatistikleri gözden geçirir, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı veriler üzerinden bir derleme yapar. Makale, Türkiye'deki mülteci nüfus için elde olan verinin, toplumsal cinsiyet çıktılarını ele alırken, cinsiyet bazlı verilerin eksikliğini ve bu verilere duyulan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır.
Köroğlu Destanı’ndaki Anaerkil Öğelerin Karşılaştırmalı Bir İncelemesi
Authors: Çimen Ünsal
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, Köroğlu Destanı’ndaki anaerkil öğeleri ortaya koymak suretiyle Türk kültürünün anaerkil geçmişine ışık tutma gayesindedir. Bu öğeler mezar, pınar, körlük, nar, elma gibi, anaerkil kültürün izleri olarak görebileceğimiz öğeler olmakla birlikte, pek çok kültürde görebileceğimiz kutsal evlilik ve tanrı/kralın kurban edilmesi kuttörenleri ile de ilgilidirler. Bu türden olguların birbirinden farklı kültürlerdeki varlığı, bize bunları karşılaştırmak suretiyle eksik parçaları tamamlama imkânı vermektedir. Bu sebeple, Köroğlu Destanı’ndaki anaerkil öğeleri daha iyi kavramak için böylesi bir karşılaştırma bu çalışmada da yapılmıştır.
PREDICTORS OF COLECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH «EXTREMELY SEVERE» ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Achkasov S. I. , Shapina M. V. , Veselov V. V. , Vardanyan A. V. , Mingazov A. F. , Ponomarenko A. A.
Published: December 2020

AIM: to identify predictors of colectomy in patients with «extremely severe» ulcerative colitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: seventy-four patients with severe ulcerative colitis in 2017 were included in the study. The patients were divided into the groups of colectomy (54 pts) and conservative treatment (20 pts).The predictors such as serum albumin, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, endoscopic picture, and clinical data were analyzed.

RESULTS: the groups were homogeneous by gender, age and duration of the disease. Mean albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (28 g/l and 96 g/l) in the colectomy group.The endoscopic picture of «extensive ulcer defects merging among themselves» was significantly more common in the operated patients – 78%, compared with 5% in the conservative treatment group (p<0.0001). The risk of colectomy in the presence of an endoscopic picture was 85%, and when combined with an albumin level of less than 31 g/l and hemoglobin of less than 107 g/l, the risk increased to 100%.

CONCLUSION: the endoscopic picture of «extensive, merging ulcerative defects» in combination with an albumin level of less than 31 g/l and hemoglobin less than 107 g/l are predictors of colectomy with high predictive value.
LAPAROSCOPIC RESECTIONS WITH TRANSANAL SPECIMEN EXTRACTION IN RECTAL CANCER SURGERY (a systematic review and meta-analysis)
Authors: Chernyshov S. V. , Sychev S. I. , Ponomarenko A. A. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: the NOSES technique allows one to remove specimen without incisions on the anterior abdominal wall and is accompanied by fewer complications by reducing the frequency of wound infections. The results of these surgical operations on colorectal tumors are presented in a limited number of heterogeneous studies, which necessitates obtaining objective data using metaanalysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: compare the short and long-term outcomes of two methods for surgical treatment of colorectal cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: a systematic review is carried out in accordance with PRISMA practice and recommendations.

RESULTS: nine comparative studies were selected for the period from 2014 to 2019. 1693 patients were included in the meta-analysis: in 765 (45%), the tumor preparation was removed transanally (NOSES group) and in 928 (55%) it was removed via minilaparotomic access (LA group). The tumor size in the NOSES group was 0.5 cm smaller (OR=0.5, CI95% 0.2-0.8, p=0.0004) than in the LA group. In regards to other parameters the groups had no publication bias. The duration of the operation when comparing NOSES with LA was comparable (p =0.11). VAS pain was on average 2 points (OR=1.8, CI95% 1.2-2.4, p<0.00001) more pronounced in the LA group. The postoperative bed day was less in the group with transanal removal of the preparation (OR=0.8, CI95% 0.4-1.3, p=0.0003). The chance of developing postoperative complications in the NOSES group was (OR=0.5, CI95% 0.4-0.8, p=0.0004) with a frequency of 62/765 (8%) cases, compared with the control group - 130/931 (14%). The chance of developing wound infection was higher in the LA group (OR=0.2, CI95% 0.1-0.3, p <0.00001). There were no differences in the incidence of colorectal anastomotic leakage (p=0.97). There were also no differences in the five-year overall (p=0.74) and cancer-specific survival (p=0.76).

CONCLUSION: using NOSES technologies creates better conditions for the rehabilitation of patients due to the low frequency of postoperative complications due to the absence of wound infection and is a safe manipulation. However, the presence of publication biases requires a careful interpretation of the data obtained.
Potential of Native Rhizobia to Improve Cowpea Growth and Production in Semiarid Regions of Kenya
Authors: Nyaga Julian Wanja , Njeru Ezekiel Mugendi
Published: December 2020

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important crop for smallholder farmers in the marginal areas of sub-Saharan Africa. However, the crop growth and production are affected by low soil fertility due to poor soil management practices. Here, we assessed the effect of native and commercially available rhizobia inoculants on cowpea nodulation, growth, and yields on three local cowpea genotypes (K-80, M-66, and KVU 27-1) in the semiarid areas of Kenya. Field experiments were set in smallholder farms during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Native rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of cowpea plants used as trap cultures. The isolates were further assessed for symbiotic efficiency (SE) in the greenhouse and field experiments carried out during the short and long rain seasons. Field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of the commercial inoculant (Biofix), native isolates, native + Biofix (consortium), and an uninoculated control. In the greenhouse, the native isolates significantly increased nodule number and dry weight (DW), shoot DW, and root DW when compared to the uninoculated control. Additionally, 50% of the isolates recorded SE of >80%, while 35.7 and 14.3% of the isolates had SE of 51–80 and <50%, respectively. In the field, rhizobia inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased nodulation and shoot DW compared to the uninoculated controls. Remarkably, rhizobia inoculation significantly increased yields where inoculation with native isolates recorded 22.7% increase in yield when compared to uninoculated control in the first season and 28.6% increase in yield in the second season. However, the rhizobia inoculants did not show a preference for any of the cowpea genotypes, and their performance was influenced by season and the study location. Our results demonstrate the existence of superior native isolates with potential to be developed to low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable cowpea production.
Synergistic Effects of Catalyst Mixtures on Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis
Authors: Mohamed Badr A. , Ellis Naoko , Kim Chang Soo , Bi Xiaotao
Published: December 2020

This paper studied the synergistic effects of catalyst mixtures on biomass catalytic pyrolysis in comparison with the single catalyst in a microwave reactor and a TGA. In general, positive synergistic effects were identified based on increased mass loss rate, reduced activation energy, and improved bio-oil quality compared to the case with a single catalyst at higher catalyst loads. 10KP/10Bento (a mixture of 10% K3PO4 and 10% bentonite) increased the mass loss rate by 85 and 45% at heating rates of 100 and 25°C/min, respectively, compared to switchgrass without catalyst. The activation energy for 10KP/10Bento and 10KP/10Clino (a mixture of 10% K3PO4 and 10% clinoptilolite) was slightly lower or similar to other catalysts at 30 wt.% load. The reduction in the activation energy by the catalyst mixture was higher at 100°C/min than 25°C/min due to the improved catalytic activity at higher heating rates. Synergistic effects are also reflected in the improved properties of bio-oil, as acids, aldehydes, and anhydrosugars were significantly decreased, whereas phenol and aromatic compounds were substantially increased. 30KP (30% K3PO4) and 10KP/10Bento increased the content of alkylated phenols by 341 and 207%, respectively, in comparison with switchgrass without catalyst. Finally, the use of catalyst mixtures improved the catalytic performance markedly, which shows the potential to reduce the production cost of bio-oil and biochar from microwave catalytic pyrolysis.
The Convergence of Alpha-Synuclein, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Pathways in Vulnerability of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Minakaki Georgia , Krainc Dimitri , Burbulla Lena F.
Published: December 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and gait impairment, as well as a spectrum of non-motor symptoms including autonomic and cognitive dysfunction. The cardinal motor symptoms of PD stem from the loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, and it remains unclear why SN DAergic neurons are preferentially lost in PD. However, recent identification of several genetic PD forms suggests that mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions play important roles in the degeneration of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. In this review, we discuss the interplay of cell-autonomous mechanisms linked to DAergic neuron vulnerability and alpha-synuclein homeostasis. Emerging studies highlight a deleterious feedback cycle, with oxidative stress, altered DA metabolism, dysfunctional lysosomes, and pathological alpha-synuclein species representing key events in the pathogenesis of PD. We also discuss the interactions of alpha-synuclein with toxic DA metabolites, as well as the biochemical links between intracellular iron, calcium, and alpha-synuclein accumulation. We suggest that targeting multiple pathways, rather than individual processes, will be important for developing disease-modifying therapies. In this context, we focus on current translational efforts specifically targeting lysosomal function, as well as oxidative stress via calcium and iron modulation. These efforts could have therapeutic benefits for the broader population of sporadic PD and related synucleinopathies.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Early Response to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Konkova Marina , Abramova Margarita , Kalianov Andrey , Ershova Elizaveta , Dolgikh Olga , Umriukhin Pavel , Izhevskaya Vera , Kutsev Sergey , Veiko Natalia , Kostyuk Svetlana
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are applied as the therapeutic agents, e.g., in the tumor radiation therapy.

Purpose of the Study

To evaluate the human adipose MSC early response to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR).

Materials and Methods

We investigated different LDIR (3, 10, and 50 cGy) effects on reactive oxygen species production, DNA oxidation (marker 8-oxodG), and DNA breaks (marker ɣ H2AX) in the two lines of human adipose MSC. Using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and fluorescence microscopy, we determined expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress development (NOX4), antioxidative response (NRF2), antiapoptotic and proapoptotic response (BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BIRC2, BIRC3, and BAX1), in the development of the nuclear DNA damage response (DDR) (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and P53). Cell cycle changes were investigated by genes transcription changes (CCND1, CDKN2A, and CDKN1A) and using proliferation markers KI-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).

Results

Fifteen to 120 min after exposure to LDIR in MSCs, transient oxidative stress and apoptosis of the most damaged cells against the background of the cell cycle arrest were induced. Simultaneously, DDR and an antiapoptotic response were found in other cells of the population. The 10-cGy dose causes the strongest and fastest DDR following cell nuclei DNA damage. The 3-cGy dose induces a less noticeable and prolonged response. The maximal low range dose, 50 cGy, causes a damaging effect on the MSCs.

Conclusion

Transient oxidative stress and the death of a small fraction of the damaged cells are essential components of the MSC population response to LDIR along with the development of DDR and antiapoptotic response. A scheme describing the early MSC response to LDIR is proposed.
Fluorescent AIE-Active Materials for Two-Photon Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Lu Qing , Wu Cheng-Juan , Liu Zhiqiang , Niu Guangle , Yu Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2020

Fluorescence imaging has been widely used as a powerful tool forin situand real-time visualization of important analytes and biological events in live samples with remarkably high selectivity, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Compared with one-photon fluorescence imaging, two-photon fluorescence imaging exhibits predominant advantages of minimal photodamage to samples, deep tissue penetration, and outstanding resolution. Recently, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials have become a preferred choice in two-photon fluorescence biological imaging because of its unique bright fluorescence in solid and aggregate states and strong resistance to photobleaching. In this review, we will exclusively summarize the applications of AIE-active materials in two-photon fluorescence imaging with some representative examples from four aspects: fluorescence detection,in vitrocell imaging,ex vivotissue imaging, andin vivovascular imaging. In addition, the current challenges and future development directions of AIE-active materials for two-photon bioimaging are briefly discussed.
Magnetostratigraphic Chronology of a Cenozoic Sequence From DSDP Site 274, Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Jovane Luigi , Florindo Fabio , Wilson Gary , de Almeida Pecchiai Saldanha Leone Stephanie , Hassan Muhammad Bin , Rodelli Daniel , Cortese Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

New paleomagnetic results from the late Eocene-Middle Miocene samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 274, cored during Leg 28 on the continental rise off Victoria Land, Ross Sea, provide a chronostratigraphic framework for an existing paleoclimate archive during a key period of Antarctic climate and ice sheet evolution. Based on this new age model, the cored late Eocene-Middle Miocene sequence covers an interval of almost 20 Myr (from ∼35 to ∼15 Ma). Biostratigraphic constraints allow a number of possible correlations with the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale. Regardless of correlation, average interval sediment accumulation rates above 260 mbsf are ∼6 cm/kyr with the record punctuated by a number of unconformities. Below 260 mbsf (across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary) interval, sedimentation accumulation rates are closer to ∼1 cm/kyr. A major unconformity identified at ∼180 mbsf represents at least 9 Myr accounting for the late Oligocene and Early Miocene and represent non-deposition and/or erosion due to intensification of Antarctic Circumpolar Current activity. Significant fluctuations in grain size and magnetic properties observed above the unconformity at 180 mbsf, in the Early Miocene portion of this sedimentary record, reflect cyclical behavior in glacial advance and retreat from the continent. Similar glacial cyclicity has already been identified in other Miocene sequences recovered in drill cores from the Antarctic margin.
The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression
Authors: Ekine-Afolabi Bene A. , Njan Anoka A. , Rotimi Solomon O. , R. I. Anu , Elbehi Attia M. , Cash Elizabeth , Adeyeye Ademola
Published: December 2020

Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.
Synchronous and Metachronous Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Experience From Two Large Cancer Center
Authors: Tasca Giulia , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Baretta Zora , Faggioni Giovanni , Montagna Marco , Nicoletto Maria Ornella , Peccatori Fedro Alessandro , Guarneri Valentina , Colombo Nicoletta
Published: December 2020

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with synchronous or metachronous breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC).

Materials and Methods

Patients with synchronous or metachronous BC and OC were retrospectively identified at two large cancer centers. Clinico-pathological characteristics, BRCA1/2 status and follow-up data were gathered. Patients were classified according to the first cancer diagnosis in the following groups: Breast Cancer first, Ovarian Cancer first, Synchronous Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Overall survival (OS) was calculated as the time interval between each cancer diagnosis to death or last follow-up.

Results

Overall, 270 patients were included: n = 194 (72%) in BC first group, n = 51 (19%) in OC first, and n = 25 (9%) in synchronous. BRCA status was available for 182 (67.4%) patients and 112 (62%) harbored pathogenetic mutations. BC first group included more frequently patients with BRCA mutation, triple negative BC phenotype and more aggressive OC features. Median time between the two diagnosis was longer in BC first group vs OC first group (95 vs 68 months, p = 0.021). A total of 105 OS events occurred, mostly related to OC (70.5%). We observed no differences in terms of OS according to the first cancer diagnosis. Age >50 years and advanced OC stage were negative independent prognostic factors for OS from the first diagnosis.

Conclusions

In this cohort of patients with BC and OC, survival was dominated by OC related mortality. These data may be useful to plan and carry out adequate and timely surveillance programs and preventive measures.
High-Pressure Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body and Their Anti-hepatoma Effect Associated With the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Liping , Wu Min , Li Peng , Zhou Yanfei , Zhong Jinyi , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Ye , Yao Weixi , Xu Jianhua
Published: December 2020

As a noted medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been reported to have a number of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor and liver protection. Compared with the common ethanol reflux method, supercritical CO2 extraction has obvious advantages in obtaining antitumor extracts from G. lucidum fruiting body such as short extraction time, low temperature and no solvent residue. However, Using high-pressure supercritical CO2 without entrainer to obtain the antitumor extracts from G. lucidum and studying their anti-hepatoma effect have not been reported. In this study, high-pressure supercritical CO2 extracts obtained under 65, 85, and 105 MPa pressure named as G65, G85, G105 respectively and ethanol reflux extract (GLE) were used to investigate their anti-hepatoma activity and the underlying molecular mechanism. The total triterpenoid content of G85 was significantly higher than that of G65 and GLE, but did not differ significantly from that of G105 by UV and high-performance liquid chromatography. GLE, G65, and G85 could inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase, and induce apoptosis in two liver cancer cell lines (QGY7703 and SK-Hep1), of which G85 had the strongest effect. The results showed that the potency of their cytotoxicity of the high-pressure supercritical CO2 extracts on human hepatoma carcinoma cells in vitro was consistent with their total triterpenoid content. G85 exhibited significant anti-hepatoma effect with low toxicity In vivo. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the anti-tumor effect of these extracts was associated with their inhibition of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the high-pressure supercritical CO2 extraction of G. lucidum fruiting body can be used to obtain a triterpenoid-rich anti-tumor agent, which may have potential clinical significance for the treatment of human hepatoma.
Altered Local Gyrification Index and Corresponding Functional Connectivity in Medication Free Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Long Jiang , Xu Jinping , Wang Xue , Li Jin , Rao Shan , Wu Huawang , Kuang Weihong
Published: December 2020

A lot of previous studies have documented that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a developmental disorder. The cortical surface measure, local gyrification index (LGI), can well reflect the fetal and early postnatal neurodevelopmental processes. Thus, LGI may provide new insight for the neuropathology of MDD. The previous studies only focused on the surface structural abnormality, but how the structural abnormality lead to functional connectivity changes is unexplored. In this study, we investigated LGI and corresponding functional connectivity difference in 28 medication-free MDD patients. We found significantly decreased LGI in left lingual gyrus (LING) and right posterior superior temporal sulcus (bSTS), and the changed LGI in bSTS was negatively correlated with disease onset age and anxiety scores. The following functional connectivity analyses identified decreased functional connectivities between LING and right LING, precentral gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus. The decreased functional connectivities were correlated with disease duration, onset, and depression symptoms. Our findings revealed abnormal LGI in LING and bSTS indicating that the abnormal developmental of visual and social cognition related brain areas may be an early biomarker for depression.
Environmental Effects on Yield and Composition of Essential Oil in Wild Populations of Spike Lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik.)
Authors: Fernández-Sestelo Montserrat , Carrillo José
Published: December 2020

Spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia Medik., is a species of economic importance for its essential oil (EO). The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of the variable climate and fixed factors such as soil and geographic location on EO yield and quality. The study material was collected in 34 populations from four different Spanish bioregions for three years. The EO extraction from spike lavender leaves and flowers was done with simple hydrodistillation, in Clevenger. Soil samples were also collected. Climate data were provided by the State Meteorological Agency. The EO average yield was obtained for the bioregion mean and in each bioregion. The higher EO yield is related clearly to the climate condition. A greater amount of annual rainfall produced a higher EO yield in the four bioregions and of better quality. Soils richer in organic matter and minerals produced higher EO yield but with less quality. The altitude had little effect on EO yield. Higher altitude favored obtaining higher EO quality. At lower latitude, further south, the populations obtained a higher EO yield. The evaluation of the environmental effect on the EO yield and quality could allow better natural conservation and more accurate selection of the best populations for breeding and spike lavender cultivation protocols.
Forage Yield and Nutritive Value of Cool-Season and Warm-Season Forages for Grazing Organic Dairy Cattle
Authors: Ritz Kathryn E. , Heins Bradley J. , Moon Roger , Sheaffer Craig , Weyers Sharon L.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the forage nutritive value of cool-season perennial grasses and legumes with that of warm-season annual grasses grazed by organic dairy cows. Two pasture systems were analyzed across the grazing season at an organic dairy in Morris, Minnesota. Pasture system 1 included perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann), meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Pasture system 2 was a combination of system 1 and monocultures of warm-season grasses (sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench subsp. drummondii [Steud.]) and teff (Eragrostis tef L.)). Across the grazing season, forage yield was 39% greater for system 2 than system 1 due to greater forage yield during the summer. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar for cool-season and warm-season grasses. Warm-season grasses had greater forage yield during the summer months compared with cool-season grasses and legumes. The total tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD) varied by month and year across the study for both pasture systems. Overall, weather may affect the forage nutritive value for both cool-season perennial grasses and legumes and warm-season annual grasses.