bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The collateral effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A gender‐specific systematic review of disordered eating behaviour in the general population
Authors: Laskowski Nora M. , Brandt Gerrit , Reque Cristina Ballero , Sabel Luisa , Pahlenkemper Marie , Zaiser Christopher , Paslakis Georgios
Published: October 2024

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic initiated public health measures, impacting mental health and exacerbating disordered eating behaviours (DEB). This study aims to fill gaps in understanding DEB in the general population during the pandemic, emphasising gender dynamics and the experiences of gender and/or sexual minority (SGM) individuals.

Method

A systematic literature review followed PRISMA guidelines to investigate DEB during the pandemic, focusing on gender‐sensitive analyses and SGM populations. Outcomes from the included studies were synthesised to identify patterns and associations related to DEB, particularly considering gender dynamics and SGM experiences.

Results

Significant gender associations with DEB were observed, with women consistently exhibiting higher scores. SGM populations also showed elevated DEB symptoms. Longitudinal studies indicated changes in DEB over time, with some decreases observed among men.

Conclusions

The review underscores significant gender differences in DEB during the pandemic, with women exhibiting higher symptom levels. Lockdown measures had nuanced impacts on DEB, varying across studies. Various factors including pandemic‐related stressors influenced DEB. Consideration of these factors can inform tailored interventions for DEB in the general population. Overall, the review enhances our understanding of how gender intersects with the pandemic's impact on DEB, emphasising the need for diverse approaches to address these behaviours.
Severity levels of anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa in a Korean cohort
Authors: Kim Youl‐Ri , An Zhen , Treasure Janet
Published: October 2024

Objective

Despite its potential for informing tailored treatments, the severity of eating disorders (EDs) lacks clear conceptualisation. The present retrospective cohort study examined the clinical validity and utility of severity specifiers for anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN in a Korean population.

Method

Data from 696 Korean outpatients with AN or atypical AN were analysed. Severity criteria for AN from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and the Medical Emergencies in Eating Disorders (MEED) guidance were used. Severity criteria applied for atypical AN were the frequency of intermittent fasting (ED Diagnostic Scale item 17), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire global scores, and the degree of weight suppression.

Results

Prevalence of extreme cases of AN in our cohort was higher than in Western populations in previous studies. MEED guidance further subclassified extreme AN, revealing distinct psychopathological profiles across severity levels. The proposed severity classification for atypical AN based on the weight loss behaviour of intermittent fasting showed merit.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a potential need for a more nuanced AN severity classification that better represents severe medical aspects and encompasses cultural and ethnic diversities. In atypical AN, there is a need to examine severity indices measuring pathological behaviours.
A Comprehensive Review of Remote Sensing Technologies for Improved Geological Disaster Management
Authors: Kumari Sheetal , Agarwal Smriti , Agrawal Nitin Kumar , Agarwal Animesh , Garg Manoj Chandra
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, the frequency of natural hazard incidents has steadily risen, leading to substantial human casualties, infrastructure destruction, societal and economic disruption. The occurrence of disasters, both of natural and human origin, has exhibited an upward trend in frequency over the past few decades on a global scale, posing a significant threat to diverse populations. Over time, remote sensing technologies have proven to be effective in analysing and monitoring diverse natural disasters, including but not limited to droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and cyclones. The significant extent of its coverage capacity and the ability to repeat observations make its application economically efficient. This paper aims to elucidate the fundamental contributions and role of remote sensing in disaster management applications. In a comprehensive analysis, this study explores recent practical applications in the context of disaster events. The utilisation of diverse methodologies and functions of remote sensing in disaster monitoring and control is further expanded to encompass the domain of disaster risk management, employing cutting‐edge sensors and satellites from emerging technological advancements. This paper also addresses challenges related to disaster monitoring, detection and management. Emergencies, particularly during typical catastrophe scenarios, often witness partial disruptions in communication networks. Consequently, the role of alternative networks becomes paramount in enabling effective disaster detection and management strategies. Emerging issues are highlighted, and potential directions for future research are outlined and also support sustainable development goal 13 (climate action).
Basin–Orogen Coupling‐Driven Meso‐Cenozoic Deformation Along the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Insights From Integrated Multidisciplinary Analysis
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Suo Yanhui , Li Sanzhong , Deng Juzhi , Chen Ke , Somerville Ian D. , Dai Mengxue , Chen Xiao , Hu Bin
Published: October 2024

The southern margin of the Junggar Basin (SMJB) represents the typical intra‐continental basin–orogen coupling structure of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and is a key area to study the deformation mechanisms and the geodynamic evolution processes of the North Tianshan Orogen. Herein, we compiled data from boreholes, gravity and magnetism, seismicity‐ and magnetotellurics‐derived geological profiles and field data to recover the sedimentary history of the SMJB and discuss the intra‐continental deformation driven by the basin–orogen coupling mechanism. The results show that the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the SMJB were both profoundly controlled by the intra‐continental orogeny of the North Tianshan Orogen and its coupling with the Junggar Basin during the Meso‐Cenozoic period. Consequently, the SMJB is dominated by thick‐skinned thrust nappes accompanied with strike‐slip faulting and thrusting. The foreland thrust belt of the SMJB is characterised by three structural belts, from south to north, including the basement‐involved thrust belt, the cover‐detached foreland thrust‐fold belt and the thrusted foreland basement uplifts, respectively. Meanwhile, as indicated by the geometry of the basement thrusts, the thickness of décollements and the structure of the foreland basement, the stress field in the SMJB is obviously stronger in the west and weaker in the east. The sedimentation and deformation migrated northwards into the basin area in a stepwise process, that corresponded to the pace of the overthrusting of the North Tianshan Orogen onto the Junggar Block. Intense regional compression induced the rapid uplifting of the North Tianshan and the significant crustal shortening of the Junggar Block, driving the three structural belts to form accordingly during the Late Jurassic to the Neogene. There are at least one or two décollements within the SMJB, representing one of the main features of basin–orogen coupling structure in most cases. The décollement of some layers represents the decoupling of the sedimentary cover with the basement, which helps to accommodate the lateral crustal shortening of the SMJB by a translation into vertical uplift. As a result, the detached foreland thrust‐fold belts in the shallow level of the upper crust overthrusted upon the basement‐involved nappes of the mountain's side, forming the opposite thrust system. Coevally, the basement of the basin, in the deep level of the upper crust keeps underthrusting beneath the North Tianshan Orogen, forming a typical crocodile mouth‐like structure. In general, both the shallow and deep deformation in the SMJB have been formed by the intense intra‐continental compression during the Meso‐Cenozoic, which were driven by the basin–orogen coupling mechanism.
“No time to buy”: Asking consumers to spend time to save money is perceived as fairer than asking them to spend money to save time
Authors: Trupia Maria Giulia , Shaddy Franklin
Published: October 2024

Firms often ask consumers to either spend time to save money (e.g., Lyft's “Wait & Save”) or spend money to save time (e.g., Uber's “Priority Pickup”). Across six preregistered studies (N = 3631), including seven reported in Appendix S1 (N = 2930), we find that asking consumers to spend time to save money is perceived as fairer than asking them to spend money to save time (all else equal), with downstream consequences for word‐of‐mouth, purchase intentions, willingness‐to‐pay (WTP), and incentive‐compatible choice. This is because spend‐time‐to‐save‐money offers reduce concerns about firms' profit‐seeking motives, which consumers find aversive and unfair. The effect is thus mediated by inferences about profit‐seeking and attenuates when concerns about those motives are less salient (e.g., for non‐profits). At the same time, we find that spend‐money‐to‐save‐time offers (e.g., expedited shipping) are more common in the marketplace. This research reveals how normatively equivalent trade‐offs can nevertheless yield contradictory fairness judgments, with meaningful implications for marketing theory and practice.
Clinical assessment strategies for competency‐based education in prosthetic dentistry
Authors: Khan Saadika B. , Maart Ronel
Published: October 2024

Reflective practice is viewed as a theoretical and pedagogical concept in higher education having several diverse approaches and interpretations. The most important aspect of reflective practice is that it is a necessary quality assurance aspect of higher education which should occur recurrently and at different stages of the program. It usually entails an evaluation of advanced instructions which has become the norm in an educational setting, in order to improve the learning outcomes. Reflective practice must therefore be seen as a tool which allows continuous improvement, modifications, and changes to educational approaches, which include theoretical and clinical assessment strategies. Academics in prosthetic dentistry at a research‐led university reflected on their current assessment strategies used in the senior undergraduate dental program as part of a quality assurance process and its global comparability. This paper aims to share and explain the importance of reviewing assessment strategies in higher education, especially in such a clinical program using reflective practice as a framework. Different assessment strategies used over a 5‐year period are explored and their different structures, expectations, and appropriateness for a clinical program are reported from the literature. The concerns were addressed in a cyclical manner within this framework, and Blooms and blueprinting implemented where appropriate. We conclude that without a validated definition and framework for regular reflective practices, and guidelines to modify the included assessment strategies, the quality assurance within a competency‐based dental program may be compromised.
Impact of teaching modality on soft skill development: Oral health literacy awareness skills assessed using standardized patient experiences
Authors: Baller Emma L. , Zhao Wendy , Schissel Makayla E. , Yoachim Shayla D.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Health literacy awareness is a crucial skill for health professionals, yet training may be lacking. Didactic lectures may improve health literacy awareness in future health professionals, however, compressed curricula may lead educators to consider the incorporation of eLearning into the delivery of health literacy education. E‐modules have been shown to engage learners, yet little is known about their effectiveness in instilling behavioral change in learners’ clinical communication skills. This study aimed to shed light on the impact of learning modality on dental students’ ability to learn and translate soft skills into clinical settings.

Methods

An e‐module on health literacy awareness was created by the researchers with an equivalent lecture developed. Fifty‐six dental students were randomly assigned to a control or intervention cohort (lecture or e‐module) and all cohorts participated in standardized patient experiences to be assessed in a simulated but authentic patient care scenario. Pre‐ and post‐intervention scores, simulation scores, and learner reflections were compared.

Results

Fifty‐six students participated in the study. Post‐intervention health literacy awareness knowledge increased for both intervention cohorts. In clinical simulation, intervention cohorts scored significantly higher on nearly all variables, with the lecture cohort scoring consistently better than e‐learners.

Conclusion

Both lecture and e‐learning are effective learning modalities for promoting health literacy awareness, but dental students learning the subject via lecture may translate certain newly acquired soft skills more effectively in clinical scenarios.
Assessing the harmonization of structured electronic health record data to reference terminologies and data completeness through data provenance
Authors: Marsolo Keith , Curtis Lesley , Qualls Laura , Xu Jennifer , Zhang Yinghong , Phillips Thomas , Hill C. Larry , Sanders Gretchen , Maro Judith C. , Kiernan Daniel , Draper Christine , Coughlin Kevin , Dutcher Sarah K. , Hernández‐Muñoz José J. , Falconer Monique
Published: October 2024

Introduction

(1) Assess the harmonization of structured electronic health record data (laboratory results and medications) to reference terminologies and characterize the severity of issues. (2) Identify issues of data completeness by comparing complementary data domains, stratifying by time, care setting, and provenance.

Methods

Queries were distributed to 3 Data Partners (DP). Using harmonization queries, we examined the top 200 laboratory results and medications by volume, identifying outliers and computing summary statistics. The completeness queries looked at 4 conditions of interest and related clinical concepts. Counts were generated for each condition, stratified by year, encounter type, and provenance. We analyzed trends over time within and across DPs.

Results

We found that the median number of codes associated with a given laboratory/medication name (and vice versa) generally met expectations, though there were DP‐specific issues that resulted in outliers. In addition, there were drastic differences in the percentage of patients with a given concept depending on provenance.

Conclusions

The harmonization queries surfaced several mapping errors, as well as issues with overly specific codes and records with “null” codes. The completeness queries demonstrated having access to multiple types of data provenance provides more robust results compared with any single provenance type. Harmonization errors between source data and reference terminologies may not be widespread but do exist within CDMs, affecting tens of thousands or even millions of records. Provenance information can help identify potential completeness issues with EHR data, but only if it is represented in the CDM and then populated by DPs.
Global existence and boundedness in a two‐dimensional parabolic chemotaxis system with competing attraction and repulsion effects
Authors: Telch Bruno , Nascimento Genyle
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate a chemotaxis system under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions within a bounded domain with a smooth boundary. The system describes the movement of cells in response to two chemical signal substances: one acts as a chemoattractant, while the other serves as a chemorepellent, both produced by the cells. The system takes into account chemotactic sensitivity in the reaction movement when detecting these chemicals. Under certain assumptions, we demonstrate the existence of a unique global bounded classical solution for the proposed problem. To further understand the time evolution of the system's solutions, we conduct numerical experiments and analyze the dynamic properties of the
norm of the solutions with respect to variations in chemical production rates.
Exploring low‐ and high‐order functional connectivity in chronic ankle instability through resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Li Yajie , Wang Zhifeng , Yang Yang , Deng Yan , Shen Yiyuan , Wang Xu , Wang Weiwei , Liu Hanqiu
Published: October 2024

Background

The functional connectivity (FC) has emerged as a valuable tool for comprehending the cerebral operational mechanism. Understanding the FC changes in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) helps reveal the underlying central nervous system mechanisms of the disease and provides clues for developing personalized treatment plans.

Objectives

To explore differences between low‐ and high‐order FC in patients with CAI and healthy controls, as well as the correlation among the feature connections and clinical data.

Methods

In our study, we recruited 40 patients with CAI and 42 healthy individuals who had not experienced ankle injuries. All participants underwent clinical assessments of ankle joints, collected the number of ankle sprains within the past 6 months, and performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) scans. Pearson correlation and matrix variate normal distribution (MVND) were used to construct low‐order and high‐order FC networks, respectively. Feature selections between groups were performed by two‐sample t‐tests, and a multi‐kernel support vector machine (MK‐SVM) was subsequently applied to combine the multiple connection patterns for the classification. Using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) to assess classification performance and identify the consensus connections contributing most to classification.

Results

FC was reduced in certain brain regions of CAI patients. More consensus connections were recognized in low‐order FC network than in high‐order FC network. The highest classification accuracy of 91.30% was achieved by combining three connection patterns. The most discriminating functional connections were primarily centered on the default mode network and spanned the visual network, sensorimotor network, ventral attention network, and central executive network. In addition, FC strength in the left cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (DCG.L) and right superior temporal gyrus (STG.R) was negatively correlated with the number of ankle sprains in the past 6 months in all FC networks (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Abnormalities in connectivity in patients with CAI were observed in both low‐ and high‐order FC networks. The adaptive changes in the brain related to CAI may extend beyond the sensorimotor networks, primarily involving higher‐level default mode networks associated with attention. Moreover, the FC strength between DCG.L and STG.R may predict the risk of ankle re‐sprains and help clinicians develop personalized treatment plans.
Outcome of childhood ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma relapses: Real‐life experience of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFCE) cohort of 75 French children
Authors: Pereira Victor , Barthoulot Maël , Aladjidi Nathalie , Contet Audrey , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Dourthe Marie Émilie , Garnier Nathalie , Bruno Bénédicte , Leruste Amaury , Pellier Isabelle , Simonin Matthieu , Paillard Catherine , Verschuur Arnauld , Ducassou Stéphane , Lamant Laurence , Brugieres Laurence , Deley Marie‐Cécile Le , Rigaud Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Objective

To describe treatments and outcomes of French children treated for relapsed/refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL).

Methods

We conducted the analysis of a series of 75 French children treated for a first relapsed/refractory ALK+ ALCL between 1999 and 2017.

Results

The median time to first relapse was 8.1 months from initial diagnosis (2.9 after end of treatment), with 12 relapses during frontline treatment or within 1 month of the end of treatment. Treatment of the first relapse varied according to the period of time and risk factors: 48 received multiagent chemotherapy, including 21 and 19 consolidated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and autologous‐SCT, respectively. Twenty‐one patients received weekly vinblastine, and six received ALK inhibitors (ALKi). Overall, 64/75 patients reached a second complete remission (CR2). Eight out of 11 patients who did not reach CR2 died and the other three were rescued with ALKi, vinblastine, and nivolumab. With a median follow‐up of 8.2 years, 60 patients are alive, 43 in CR2, 15 in CR3, two in CR4; and 15 patients died, six from toxicity and nine from disease progression. The 5‐year event‐free survival and overall survival after first relapse were 51.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.6%–62.6%) and 80.7% (95% CI: 69.6%–88.1%), respectively. Time to relapse greater than 12 months from initial diagnosis was proven to be a prognostic factor in relapsed/refractory ALK+ ALCL.

Conclusion

In relapsed ALK+ ALCL, high survival rate can be reached with various therapeutic strategies. The main challenge remains to prevent subsequent relapses, and to lower long‐term morbidity.
Nanocellulose‐polypropylene composites with novel antimicrobial complex salt
Authors: Zielińska Daria , Wyrwas Bogdan , Ławniczak Łukasz , Borysiak Sławomir
Published: October 2024

Polypropylene composites with different contents of zinc‐ammonium salts (3, 5 and 7 wt%) and nanocellulose (1 wt%) after enzymatic bioconversion were characterized by structural, dispersion‐morphological, thermal, antimicrobial and mechanical analysis. It was shown that the use of a newly synthesized salt significantly affected the formation of the supermolecular structure of the polymer matrix and increased the nucleation activity, thermostability and flexibility of the composite materials. Moreover, the addition of the inorganic filler allowed to obtain composites with very good antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. An interesting relationship between the degree of filler dispersion in the polymer matrix and the formation of polymorphic varieties was elucidated in the study, which contributes to the improvement of final performance characteristics of composite materials. It is noteworthy that a hybrid filler in the form of nanometric cellulose and a biocidal additive containing zinc‐ammonium complex salt was used for the first time. Research has shown that such polymer composites can find application during the manufacture of smart packaging materials with enhanced barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor as well as improved biocidal characteristics, which will notably extend food storage time. At the same time, the presented process of obtaining the innovative composite materials is an excellent example of sustainable technologies for the design of antimicrobial treatments, while guaranteeing the possibility of further processing of these composite materials through material recycling.

Highlights

Zinc‐ammonium complex with antimicrobial properties was obtained

The strength properties and thermal stability of the composites were improved

Degree of filler dispersion in polymer affects formation of polymorphic varieties

The composites can be applied in the production of smart packaging materials
High‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators boosted by synergistically aligned piezoelectric/conductive composite nanofibers
Authors: Yan Jing , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhu Ning , Qin Yuebin , Yang Guang
Published: October 2024

To address the need for efficient, flexible, and wearable power sources for portable electronics, a high performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was proposed by incorporating vertically‐aligned barium titanate (BaTiO3)/antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanofibers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) negative triboelectric layer, where BaTiO3 served as piezoelectric material, and ATO served as conductive filler. Silver‐coated conductive fabric was used as electrode to ensure integrability and wearability. By strategically coupling the triboelectric effect of PDMS, the piezoelectric effect of BaTiO3 nanofibers, and the charge transfer effect of ATO nanofibers, the TENG exhibited the optimum output voltage and current of approximately 119 V and 28 μA, and power density of 11.74 μW/cm2, respectively. This device demonstrates its potential applications in energy supply by effectively illuminating 174 commercial green LEDs and charging capacitors for powering electronics. Additionally, the successful integration of the TENG into a smart fencing jacket highlights its utility in practical applications.

Highlights

TENGs with vertically‐aligned BaTiO3/ATO composite nanofibers was constructed.

The output performance of TENGs were enhanced by coupling triboelectric and piezoelectric effects.

Conductive ATO nanofibers were incorporated to enhance charge transfer for performance enhancement.

A smart fencing jacket with scoring system was developed using the wearable TENG.
Ultrasound visualization of Botulinum toxin injection: Identifying clinical correlates to optimize outcomes in spasticity management
Authors: Harris Kristen A. , Jou Stacey , Kasselman Lora , Escaldi Steven V.
Published: October 2024

Background

Botulinum toxin injections are well established and commonly used for spasticity management. Clinicians strive to optimize outcomes from toxin injections. One potential complication is toxin spread beyond the intended muscle, which can lead to unwanted weakness. The utilization of ultrasound allows direct visualization of target muscles and identification of toxin leakage from the target muscle. Ultrasound evaluation of clinical factors that correlate to toxin leakage have not been studied.

Objective

To identify cases of botulinum toxin injectate leak beyond the targeted muscle during ultrasound‐guided spasticity injections and associate cases of leak with predictive clinical factors, which include muscle size, fibroadipose changes, and number of previous injections.

Design

This was a prospective observational study.

Setting

An outpatient clinic in an academic medical center.

Patients

Patients who demonstrated wrist flexor spasticity warranting intervention were invited to participate.

Interventions

Patients received standard‐of‐care spasticity management with injection of onabotulinumtoxinA into the flexor carpi radialis muscle based upon clinical presentation and prescribing guidelines. Ultrasound video was recorded, and a blinded review was conducted by the study team.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was visualized leak of injectate on recorded ultrasound video. Documented leak was then associated with clinical factors including diameter of the flexor carpi radialis, volume of injectate used, history of prior injections, and fibrotic change of the muscle.

Outcomes

The study included 54 patients, 77.8% of whom had an underlying diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. Injectate leak was observed in 18.5% of injections and could not be confirmed in 9.3% of injections. Multivariable analysis demonstrated increased odds of leak with higher Modified Heckmatt Scale score. No statistically significant increase in leak was noted with higher volume of injectate or smaller muscle diameter.

Conclusion

Extramuscular leak of botulinum toxin injection may be associated with fibroadipose muscle change.
A Modified Reentrant Metamaterial with Equal and Enhanced Orthogonal Elastic Properties
Authors: Wang Tingwei , Jia Meng , Cheng Xiaosheng , Dai Ning
Published: October 2024

Herein, an improved mechanical metamaterial is proposed, which is derived from the decomposition, rotation, and reassembly of reentrant structures. The structure is parametric, allowing for rapid redesign. The study focuses on the variations in equivalent stiffness and Poisson's ratio of the structure within the linear elastic range when internal rib angle θ changes. First, based on homogenization simulation analyses, it has been verified that this design achieves the tailorable equivalent elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio over a wide range, meanwhile, maintaining equal elastic properties in the orthogonal direction at all times. Second, to reduce future repetitive experiments, an interpolation model is established to expand the design domain. The fitting formula indicates that by modifying θ and relative wall thickness t/L0, the elastic performance of the structures can be tailored. Additionally, the impact of boundary conditions is discussed to minimize experimental costs. Finally, the accuracy of the simulations is validated through uniaxial compression tests.
Exploring the Multifunctional Properties of (Sr, Ni)‐Co‐Doped BaTiO3: Structural Characterization and Electromagnetic Characteristics
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Hossain A. K. M. Akther
Published: October 2024

The structural and electromagnetic properties of various Ba1−x(Sr0.5Ni0.5)xTiO3 are extensively investigated. X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement are used to perform a structural study. With doping substances, bulk and theoretical densities decrease. The crystallite size is calculated using Scherrer and Williamson–Hall method. The microstructural properties are examined using images from field‐emission scanning electron microscope. The observed values of dielectric constants are found to agree with the porosity‐corrected dielectric constants. The nonlinear modified Debye equation (NLMDE) displays a reasonable goodness of fit value for the first five samples. A small polaron hopping mechanism may be responsible for the frequency‐dependent AC conductivity observed in all samples confirming the Jonscher power law. It is discovered that permeability initially increases and then decreases with doping substances. Initial permeability, experimental data from the magnetic hysteresis (M–H) curve, and law‐of‐approach‐to‐saturation techniques show that Ba0.85(Sr0.5Ni0.5)0.15TiO3 and Ba0.75(Sr0.5Ni0.5)0.25TiO3 ceramics have enhanced electromagnetic properties. These ceramics are useful for fabricating electromagnetic sensors.
MALDI versus DESI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in atherosclerotic plaque
Authors: Slijkhuis Nuria , Towers Mark , Claude Emmanuelle , van Soest Gijs
Published: October 2024

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for detecting lipids in tissue sections, with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) as its key ionization techniques. In this study, we examine how MALDI compares with state‐of‐the‐art DESI ionization in identifying lipids in heterogeneous samples, specifically atherosclerotic plaques. Carotid plaques (n = 4) from patients undergoing endarterectomy were snap‐frozen, stored at −80°C, and then sectioned for MSI analysis and H&E staining. Measurements were conducted using a SYNAPT XS mass spectrometer in positive ion mode, employing MALDI with a 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix and DESI with a methanol: water (98:2) (v/v) solvent. Our comparison covered spectral profiles, sensitivity, and image quality generated by these two techniques. We found that both MALDI and DESI are highly suitable techniques for detecting a wide range of lipids in atherosclerotic plaque sections. DESI‐MSI exhibited higher ion counts for most lipid classes than MALDI‐MSI and provided sharper images. MALDI detected larger amounts of ceramide and hexosylceramide species, possibly due to its efficient generation of dehydrated ions. In contrast, DESI showed greater peak intensities of cholesteryl ester and triacylglyceride species than MALDI, consistent with reduced fragmentation. These findings establish the relative merits of DESI and MALDI and demonstrate their complementarity as techniques for lipid research in MSI.
Weak Randomness in Graphons and Theons
Authors: Coregliano Leonardo N. , Malliaris Maryanthe
Published: October 2024

Call a hereditary family of graphs strongly persistent if there exists a graphon such that in all subgraphons of , is precisely the class of finite graphs that have positive density in . Our first result is a complete characterization of the hereditary families of graphs that are strongly persistent as precisely those that are closed under substitutions. We call graphons with the self‐similarity property above weakly random. A hereditary family is said to have the weakly random Erdős–Hajnal property () if every graphon that is a limit of graphs in has a weakly random subgraphon. Among families of graphs that are closed under substitutions, we completely characterize the families that belong to as those with “few” prime graphs. We also extend some of the results above to structures in finite relational languages by using the theory of theons.
Synthesis and characterization of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3‐NPs) and analysis of their antimicrobial efficacy against selected pathogenic microbes
Authors: Farhat Masuoda , Alarbii Fatma , Fenniche Fares , Khane Yasmina
Published: October 2024

This present paper assesses the chemical synthesis of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3‐NPs) using a modified sol–gel process. Aluminum nitrate and citric acid were heated to 180 °C until a gel was produced. After that, the dehydrated amorphous gel was sintered at 800 °C for 2 h. The formation of nano‐sized α‐Al2O3 particles was investigated using several characterized methodologies, encompassing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering, and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). Then, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of synthesized nanoscale Al2O3 particles against pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichophyton rubrum has been investigated. The successful synthesis of alumina nanoparticles has been validated by several analytical techniques. Nanoparticles of Al2O3‐NPs with a rhombohedral structure and an average crystallite size of 26 nm were revealed by XRD research. Their zeta potential was −8.65 mV, and their size distribution measured 68.6 nm in diameter. The elemental composition of sample was identified with the use of XRF, which indicates that the Al2O3‐NPs powder is quite pure. Furthermore, the antimicrobial experiment showed that the Al2O3‐NPs exhibited the greatest antibacterial efficacy, S. aureus, E. Coli, and T. rubrum exhibited significant inhibition zones with diameters of 13, and 15 mm, and a high inhibition percentage of 70% when exposed to 100 mg/mL of Al2O3 nanoparticles.
The impact of reservoirs on the soils of adjacent areas: overview of global and local aspects
Authors: Ladyka Maryna , Wu Ruofan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of reservoirs on the soils of surrounding areas to elucidate potential ecological consequences. To achieve this goal, a territorial analysis of the soil surrounding such reservoirs as the Kyiv, Kaniv, Kremenchuk, and Kakhovka, which constitute the Dnieper Cascade of Reservoirs, was conducted. The study found that the average soil pH changes in reservoirs range from 6.0 to 7.5, while nitrogen and phosphorus content in the soil varies from 0.2% to 1.5% and from 0.1% to 0.5%, respectively. Average changes in the content of humic substances and fulvic acids in the reservoirs range from 1.0 to 3.5 and from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the creation of large reservoirs on the Dnieper River is accompanied by significant consequences for shoreline soils. The geomorphological study of the reservoirs within the Dnieper Cascade revealed their diversity in terms of shoreline types. Some have more erodible shores, indicating vulnerability to erosion, as observed in the Kakhovka Reservoir, while others have more neutral shores less susceptible to erosion, such as the Kremenchuk Reservoir. The distribution of humic substances in the reservoirs of the Dnieper Cascade is determined by the hydrological structure and water inflows, with the highest concentrations in the upper regions. Decreased flow velocity in the lower part of the cascade leads to the deposition of humic substances in bottom sediments. The threat to ecological systems is exacerbated by incidents such as the catastrophe at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Station in 2023, which triggered a serious ecological crisis with a wide range of consequences. Consequently, the application of a comprehensive approach to water resource management and environmental protection becomes crucial. This entails meticulous planning of construction, implementation of ecological technologies, and engaging the public in the water resource management process.
Dreams, Remembering, and Remembering Dreams: An Intentionalist, Direct Realist, Acquaintance Account
Authors: Copenhaver Rebecca
Published: October 2024

I present a generic version of intentionalism to show that intentionalism is motivated by and consistent with direct realism. I also present a theoretically neutral account of acquaintance as direct awareness. I apply intentionalism and an acquaintance view of memory to two questions. First, do dreams acquaint us with the objects, properties, persons, and events they represent? I argue that they don’t. When dreams represent events from your past, they don’t acquaint you with events, even if the events happened. Second, do memory experiences of dreams of events that really happened acquaint us with those events? I argue that they don’t. The memory experience of an event that you dreamed about can’t renew acquaintance, even if the event happened, because dreams don’t acquaint us with events. When you have a memory experience of having dreamed of an event that happened, it is a memory experience, but not a memory: it is a veridical confabulation.
Sonic Ecology and the Role of Sound Art in Creating a Healthy Urban Environment
Authors: Cobussen Marcel
Published: October 2024

This chapter on “Sonic Ecology and the Role of Sound Art in Creating a Healthy Urban Environment” focuses on the influence sound has on collective health and social well-being in general. This implies that sound will be connected to social, economic, cultural, ecological, political, ethical, and aesthetic issues. Thus, the emphasis is on the positive role sound can play. The idea being developed here is that an important opportunity for improvement can be found in sound’s supportive role in establishing more attentive interactions between human (and non-human) beings and their (sonic) environment.
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Parental History and how they Relate to Subsequent Observed Parent–Child Interaction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weistra Sabina R. , van Bakel Hedwig J. A. , Mathijssen Jolanda J. P.
Published: October 2024

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in parental history have been associated with higher self-reported rates of negative parenting behaviors and lower self-reported rates of positive parenting behaviors. Further research is needed to explore the association between parental ACEs and the observed parent–child interaction quality. Parent–child interactions are a potential pathway behind the continuity of ACEs across generations.

Objective

This review aimed to expand on existing literature by synthesizing evidence on the associations between parental ACEs and parent–child interactions, assessed through videotaped observations, the gold standard for interaction assessment.

Methods

A systematic literature search conducted in October 2022 in Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo identified twenty-four articles. The studies assessed parental childhood adversity and the quality of parent–child interaction across high- and low-risk samples.

Results

In 79% of studies, higher rates of childhood adversity were related to lower quality of observed parent–child interaction. Childhood abuse and neglect were linked to fewer positive and more negative parenting behaviors. Among household challenges, only witnessing family violence negatively impacted interaction quality. In 58% of studies, ACEs directly influenced interaction, while in 21% this effect was mediated by other factors. This pattern held across different sample types.

Conclusions

The evidence suggesting a relationship between parental ACEs and lower quality of parent–child interaction is robust, given the reliability and validity of observational measures. Considering the influence of the quality of parent–child interaction on a child’s development, interventions and prevention programs focusing on parent–child interaction should consider screening for parental ACEs.
Nudging law enforcement: evidence from low priority initiatives
Authors: DeAngelo Gregory , Narender Rainita , Romaniuc Rustam
Published: October 2024

The effect of non-binding guidelines (nudges) on citizens’ compliance with law has been studied theoretically and empirically in behavioral law and economics. Less is known about the impact of non-binding guidelines on the behavior of law enforcement agents and prosecution. Our work fills this gap. We study whether non-binding guidelines affect law enforcement and prosecution practices when the guidelines are not necessarily aligned with legal actors’ preferences. Our empirical analysis focuses on the impact of the adoption of a low priority initiative (LPI) on police and prosecutor behavior in Los Angeles County. Our results suggest that following the introduction of an LPI there is a rise in the number of misdemeanor arrests, but not in the rate that misdemeanor marijuana offenses are dismissed. We conclude that law enforcement preferences have a counterbalancing effect given that police officers may have strong punitive preferences. Prosecutors do not appear to respond to non-binding guidelines as evidenced by no change in the rate of dismissing cases.
Mining and urbanization affect river chemical water quality and macroinvertebrate communities in the upper Selenga River basin, Mongolia (revised version)
Authors: Narangarvuu Dashdondog , Enkhdul Tuuguu , Erdenetsetseg Erdenesukh , Enkhrii-Ujin Enkhbat , Irmuunzaya Khurtsbaatar , Batbayar Gunsmaa , Oyundelger Khurelpurev , Yam Rita Sau-Wai , Pfeiffer Martin
Published: October 2024

Mongolia is a country with a quickly growing economy mainly based on the mining of gold, copper, coal, and other minerals. Mining, urbanization, and agriculture impact the water quality in the upper Selenga River basin in northern Mongolia, which is the center of the Mongolian economy. Previous measurements of pollution loads were alarming, but restricted to chemical measurements. Here, for the first time, we combine freshwater biomonitoring and laboratory water quality data across a broad gradient of water quality and land use intensity. We track the effects of different types of pollution on aquatic invertebrates and test their use as bioindicators. We collected water samples, environmental parameters, and macroinvertebrates at 36 sampling sites at the rivers of Tuul, Kharaa, and Orkhon and their tributaries Sugnugur, Boroo, Sharyn Gol, Gatsuurt, and Yeröö. PCA of catchment water quality distinguished three groups of pollutants prevalent at the sites, (1) nutrients, (2) salt ions (Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, So42−, Ca2+) and mining by-products (B, Sr, U, Mo), and (3) (heavy) metals, which often exceeded regulatory standards. We recorded a total of 59 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 31 families in seven insect orders plus Amphipoda and Gastropoda. Species diversity declined with higher impact. Five environmental factors structured macroinvertebrate community composition in RDA: elevation of sample location, site total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and water chemistry. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities are an appropriate and inexpensive tool for monitoring water quality in Mongolia and suggest government action to establish a long-term monitoring program.
A generic detailed multibody model for simulating thoracic spine and ribcage kinematics
Authors: Shayestehpour Hamed , Tørholm Søren , Damsgaard Michael , Lund Morten Enemark , Wong Christian , Rasmussen John
Published: October 2024

A reliable and comprehensive multibody musculoskeletal model of the thoracic spine and ribcage can offer valuable insight into the biomechanics of healthy and curved spines. In this study, we developed a generic rigid-body thoracic spine and ribcage model, which is kinematically determinate and controlled by spinal posture. A newly devised averaging constraint was implemented to model the kinematics of individual ribs and the sternum. Rib motion validation confirmed that the movement of adjacent ribs matched measured data across different tasks. We simulated 39 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subjects aged 7–17 years, with an average (SD) Cobb angle of 15.9 (8.2) degrees. The average errors of multiple scoliosis metrics were less than 4 degrees for angle parameters, 5 mm for displacement parameters, and 3 percent for the ratio parameter. The model is straightforward and can simulate various daily activities (e.g., spinal articulation and breathing) while accurately capturing pathological deformities conforming to experimental data. It is available to the public on the open science platform Zenodo and will also be accessible through the AnyBody Managed Model Repository.
Cultural Adaptation of Digital Learning Tools in Israeli Higher Education: A Case Study of Lecturer Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Bitar Nizar , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: October 2024

This qualitative case study examines the cultural adaptation of digital learning tools in Israeli higher education. We explored three questions: (1) How do lecturers experience and implement digital learning tools? (2) What unique challenges and opportunities arise in this cultural context? (3) What strategies do educators employ for culturally sensitive adaptation? Through semi-structured interviews with 15 lecturers, we identified four key themes: balancing traditional and digital pedagogies, cultivating cultural resonance, addressing integration challenges, and developing innovative strategies. These findings informed the Cultural-Adaptation Digital Learning Integration (CADLI) Framework, which extends existing models by centralizing cultural dimensions. Our study reveals that effective cultural adaptation involves 'cultural-technological co-evolution', fundamentally reimagining educational practices. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners navigating technological advancement and cultural preservation in higher education.