bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARD11 mutation and HBZ expression induce lymphoproliferative disease and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Kameda Takuro , Shide Kotaro , Kamiunten Ayako , Kogure Yasunori , Morishita Daisuke , Koya Junji , Tahira Yuki , Akizuki Keiichi , Yokomizo-Nakano Takako , Kubota Sho , Marutsuka Kosuke , Sekine Masaaki , Hidaka Tomonori , Kubuki Yoko , Kitai Yuichi , Matsuda Tadashi , Yoda Akinori , Ohshima Takayuki , Sugiyama Midori , Sashida Goro , Kataoka Keisuke , Ogawa Seishi , Shimoda Kazuya
Published: November 2022

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In addition to HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), a leukemogenic antisense transcript of HTLV-1, abnormalities of genes involved in TCR-NF-κB signaling, such as CARD11, are detected in about 90% of patients. Utilizing mice expressing CD4+ T cell-specific CARD11(E626K) and/or CD4+ T cell-specific HBZ, namely CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre mice, HBZ transgenic (Tg) mice, and CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre;HBZ Tg double transgenic mice, we clarify these genes’ pathogenetic effects. CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre and HBZ Tg mice exhibit lymphocytic invasion to many organs, including the lungs, and double transgenic mice develop lymphoproliferative disease and increase CD4+ T cells in vivo. CARD11(E626K) and HBZ cooperatively activate the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, IRF4 targets, BATF3/IRF4/HBZ transcriptional network, MYC targets, and E2F targets. Most KEGG and HALLMARK gene sets enriched in acute-type ATL are also enriched in double transgenic mice, indicating that these genes cooperatively contribute to ATL development.
Finding space for nature in cities: the considerable potential of redundant car parking
Authors: Croeser Thami , Garrard Georgia E. , Visintin Casey , Kirk Holly , Ossola Alessandro , Furlong Casey , Clements Rebecca , Butt Andrew , Taylor Elizabeth , Bekessy Sarah A.
Published: November 2022

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are recognised as a means to address challenges such as heatwaves, flooding and biodiversity loss. Delivering these benefits at scale will require large areas of scarce urban land to be converted into green space. Here we show an approach by which cities can make substantial progress towards their sustainability targets using NBS, by converting redundant street parking into biodiverse green space. We demonstrate that up to half of street parking in our case study municipality (The City of Melbourne) could be accommodated in garages within 200 m, freeing up large areas for greening. Our modelling projects significant benefits in terms of tree canopy over, stormwater and ecological connectivity. These would represent strong progress towards a number of the city’s ambitious NBS targets. As many cities allocate extensive areas to both street parking and off-street garages, this approach to freeing up space for nature in cities is widely applicable.
Dark spots on Mercury show no signs of weathering during 30 Earth months
Authors: Wang Yichen , Xiao Zhiyong , Xu Rui , Xiao Zhouxuan , Cui Jun
Published: November 2022

Dark spots on Mercury are recently-formed thin and low-reflectance materials that are related with volatile activity and supposed to be much shorter-lived than their central hollows. Containing unique information about the possible building blocks of Mercury, dark spots have unresolved darkening phases, formation mechanism, and lifetime. Here we investigated reflectance spectra, sub-resolution roughness, and temporal changes of dark spots using the full-mission dataset of MESSENGER. We find that dark spots have the highest concentration of graphite and an intense outgassing origin. Temporal imaging for dark spots reveals no detectable reflectance changes in 30 Earth months, and possibly over 40 Earth years. These observations demonstrate that thermally unstable sulfides such as MgS and CaS are not the major components in dark spots. Possible reflectance changes of dark spots may occur at much longer time scales, providing a reference for modeling the spectral behavior of graphite caused by space weathering on Mercury.
Role of fast dynamics in the complexation of G-quadruplexes with small molecules
Authors: Bertini Luca , Libera Valeria , Ripanti Francesca , Seydel Tilo , Paolantoni Marco , Orecchini Andrea , Petrillo Caterina , Comez Lucia , Paciaroni Alessandro
Published: November 2022

Schematic representation of our energy landscape model to describe the fast dynamics of human telomeric G-quadruplex and its change upon ligand complexation.
The van der Waals interactions in systems involving superheavy elements: the case of oganesson (Z = 118)
Authors: Machado de Macedo Luiz Guilherme , Negrão Charles Alberto Brito , de Oliveira Rhuiago Mendes , de Menezes Rafael Ferreira , Pirani Fernando , Gargano Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Electronic and dynamical studies of aggregates formed by noble gases and the oganesson super-heavy element.
High yield production of 1,4-cyclohexanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine from high molecular-weight lignin oil
Authors: Wu Xianyuan , De bruyn Mario , Hulan Julia Michaela , Brasil Henrique , Sun Zhuohua , Barta Katalin
Published: November 2022

we present a highly efficient catalytic strategies which are capable of converting DMBQ obtainable from high molecular-weight lignin-oil into industrially highly relevant and well-defined 1,4-cyclohexanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine.
Recent advances in epitaxial heterostructures for electrochemical applications
Authors: Bao Tong , Wang Jing , Liu Chao
Published: November 2022

The advances in epitaxial heterostructure design for electrochemical applications are summarized.
Porous single crystal niobium nitride and tantalum nitride nanocubes boost catalytic performance
Authors: Zhao Wanxiang , Xie Kui
Published: November 2022

Here, we have grown hexahedral porous nitride microcrystals and have confirmed their high catalytic activity and stability when performing the anaerobic dehydrogenation of ethane.
Binuclear platinum(ii) complexes bearing various bridging 1,1′-diphosphinoferrocene ligands as potential anticancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Zangeneh Jalalaldin , Saghaie Lotfollah , Etebari Mahmoud , Dolatyari Vahideh , Farasat Zahra , Fereidoonnezhad Masood , Shahsavari Hamid R.
Published: November 2022

It is possible to prepare cycloplatinated(ii) complexes with a wide variety of diphosphinoferrocene ligands. These complexes displayed potent cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities against various human cancer cell lines.
Cottonseed extract as a coagulant for water treatment
Authors: DePaolis Mekayla , De Respino Sophie , Samineni Laxmicharan , Brighton Scott , Kumar Manish
Published: November 2022

Coagulation is an important unit process in water treatment to decrease suspended and dissolved contaminants and cottonseed meal derived proteins can be effective biocoagulants.
The influence of land tenure status on the income of Inpago Unsoed-1 rice farmers in Central Java Province
Authors: Mulyani Altri , Kartika Eka Wijayanti Irene
Published: November 2022

Land is an asset for farmers in running their farming business. There are three land tenure statuses that apply in Indonesia, namely the cultivator owner, tenant, and the trapper (profit sharing). This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of land tenure on the income of Inpago Unsoed-1 rice farmers in Central Java. This study used the survey method by taking primary data using a questionnaire that had been prepared, while secondary data was obtained from related agencies. The research was carried out in Central Java Province with selected districts being Banyumas, Cilacap and Purbalingga Regencies. The research area was determined purposively with the consideration that the three districts are the Inpago Unsoed-1 rice development area in Central Java. The sampling method was carried out by nonprobability sampling, namely purposive sampling, with a total of 60 Inpago UNSOED rice farmers. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and one-way variance analysis (one-way ANOVA) using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that land ownership had a significant effect on the income of Inpago Unsoed-1 rice farmers in Central Java. The results showed that tenant farmers have higher incomes than owner farmers.
Attitudes of farmers toward the farmer card program in Girigondo Village, Pituruh District, Purworejo Regency
Authors: Sriyadi  , Hanifah Nurul
Published: November 2022

The farmer card is one of the government’s initiatives aiming to realize the distribution of subsidized fertilizers under the six appropriate principles (quantity, type, price, quality, time, and place) and provide farmers with banking services. This study seeks to determine the attitudes of farmers toward the farmer card program and the relationship between the factors forming the attitudes. Survey interviews with farmers and related parties and field observations were utilized to obtain research data. The findings revealed that the attitudes of farmers toward the farmer card program fell into the category of “poor”. Age, formal education, land area, farming experience, Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) workers’ role, and mass media exposure were attitude-framing factors. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the data, uncovering that formal education, farming experience, and the involvement of extension workers significantly affected the attitudes of farmers toward the farmer card program, except for farming experience, which had the opposite direction. Moreover, neither age, land area, nor mass media exposure significantly impacted the attitudes of farmers toward the program.
Feasibility of Dry Land Red Rice Farming in Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Angginawati Hastari , Agus Yulianti Utami
Published: November 2022

Gunungkidul Regency is one of the districts that developed dry land red rice farming. Semin and Panggang sub-districts are sub-districts that develop red rice varieties at Inpari 24 and Segreng. This study aims to determine the costs, income, profits, and feasibility of dry land red rice farming of Segreng variety and Inpari 24 variety in Gunungkidul Regency. The number of respondents in this study were 250 respondents using the Simple Random Sampling technique, consisting of 150 respondents from Inpari 24 red rice farmers and 100 respondents from Segreng red rice farmers. Data was collected through survey which were then analyzed descriptively and feasibility analysis using the Revenue Cost ratio. The results showed that red rice farming with a land area of 1000 m2 on the Inpari 24 variety required a higher cost of IDR 2,353,064, Inpari 24 red rice earned. of IDR 2,935,438 and a profit of IDR 1,398,537. Meanwhile, Segreng red rice earned an income of IDR. 2,157,547 and a profit of IDR. 913,428. The R/C value for Inpari 24 red rice farming is 1.59 and Segreng red rice is 1.45. Inpari 24 red rice farming, although classified as irrigated rice, can also adapt to rainfed dry land so that it can be taken into consideration for dry land farmers in choosing seed varieties.
Utilization of yard land as the provision of household food in the border area of Miangas Island, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Kairupan Agustinus N. , Polakitan Derek , Joseph Gabriel H.
Published: November 2022

Miangas Island is a maritime border region which is one of the leading islands in the Pacific Ocean, incorporated in the Nanusa Islands group Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province as the outermost Island in Northern Indonesia, has strategic value because it borders directly with the Philippines. Based on the geographical location of these border regions, there is a potential and frequent threat of food shortages. This paper is a review, aims to analyze the performance of yard land use by the community independently to be used as a source of food in a sustainable manner through the sustainable food house program. The data used are secondary data and the results of previous studies. Data and information were analyzed descriptively qualitative. Discussing two strategic aspects, namely (1) diversity and yard land management; and (2) performance of sustainable food house area model program with optimization of yard land use. The utilization of community yards in the border areas of Miangas Island with products from the sustainable food home area model program has become a reinforcement and support for family meals. By optimizing the use of yard land, it can be used as a living warehouse, a living Pharmacy, and a living stall.
Potential development of local varieties of Batabual Arabica coffee in Buru Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sehat Tan Siti , Indrawanto Chandra , Indrasti Rita , Panjaitan Mangasi
Published: November 2022

The Batabual Arabica coffee variety in Buru Regency, Maluku Province, has the potential to be developed as specialty coffee. However, the planting conditions are generally poorly maintained, most of the plants are old, the plant population is declining, and productivity is low (200 - 350 kg/ha/year). For this reason, government intervention is needed for the rehabilitation and development of Batabual coffee. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of Batabual coffee farming and design a development model for Batabual coffee. This study uses analysis of B/C ratio and NPV, as well as FGD to develop steps for developing Batabual Arabica coffee. The results of the financial analysis showed that Batabual Arabica coffee farming was feasible with a B/C ratio of 1.13 and an NPV of IDR 45,284,774. The three main things needed in the development of Batabual Arabica coffee are the establishment of seed plantations as a source of Batabual coffee seeds, improvement of cultivation techniques, and the establishment of farmers' economic institutions to strengthen the bargaining position of farmers, improve the quality of coffee products and expand the market.
Zinc biofortified rice: seed production and targets development, in central java
Authors: Setiani Cahyati , Ambarsari Indrie , Cempaka Intan Gilang , Prasetyo Teguh
Published: November 2022

The aims of this study were to produce Inpari IR Nutri Zinc seeds and determine their development targets. The rice seeds produced in 2000 were 3,090 kg (1 ha), and in 2021, it was 6,155 kg (2 ha). The development location of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc is directed at areas that have a high stunting rate by paying attention to the suitability of agroecosystems. Some of the development obstacles encountered include the availability of seeds, resistance to crackle disease, lower productivity compared to previous varieties, and transaction costs. Policy steps that need to be carried out by the Government include i) producing rice seeds of the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc variety, ii) source seed assistance is given to seed producers, while extension seed assistance is given to farmers and the Agricultural Extension Office / Center for plot demonstration activities, iii) Farmers need to be encouraged to be able to adapt to new habits / plant varieties that are different from before, through socialization with the Multi-Channel Dissemination Spectrum (SDMC) approach, iv) The Government makes the programs to maintain national food security and nutrition a priority.
Agricultural sector labor migration: case study in Patanas Villages
Authors: Ashari  , Purwantini Tri Bastuti , Rachmawati Rika Reviza
Published: November 2022

Population migration is a common phenomenon in rural communities. It shows an effort to find opportunities to get a better job outside the village. The migration process also occurs in the village, the research site of the National Farmer Panel (Patanas). This paper aims to (1) look at the magnitude and type of migration in the Patanas village and (2) identify the push and pull factors of migration. The research method used is descriptive. The results showed that among the three types of migration, the most dominant types were commuters, followed by circular and permanent. The push factors of migration in Patanas villages are dominated by: (1) limited employment opportunities in rural areas, (2) no or narrow land tenure, (3) low agricultural wages and seasonal nature, and (4) less prestigious. While there are three main pull factors in migrant destinations: (1) it is easy to find a job or try at the destination, (2) wages in the destination area are higher than in origin, and (3) wages are earned routinely. To downsize the migration rate, the government must provide better infrastructure in the village, a prerequisite for economic development in rural areas.
Effects of Plant Growth Promoter on Growth Response and Yield of Several Sorghum Varieties in Sukoharjo
Authors: Wahyu Anggita Ferdifta , Harsono Puji , Tetrani Sakya Amalia
Published: November 2022

Sorghum bicolor is a C4 crop and cereal that is drought tolerant. Sorghum cultivation has several advantages because it requires very little agricultural input. Sukoharjo Regency has dry land and grumusol soil types located in areas with limited water sources, with physical properties of the soil being hard when dry. The experiment is randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first treatment was varieties of sorghum (V1=Numbu, V2=Super 1, V3=Suri 3, V4=Keller, V5+Kawali, V6=Black Sorghum, and V7=Bioguma 2). The second treatment was a type of plant growth promoter (no treatment, Auxin 10 ml.L-1 and Gibberellins 10 ml.L-1) and was repeated 3 times. The observation variables as plant height 6 weeks after planting, number of leaves 6 weeks after planting, stem diameter 4 weeks after planting, and seed weight per plans. The result showed the interaction between varieties and applications of plant growth promoter on the number of leave. Bioguma 2 and Super 1 variety had a significant effect on plant height and seed weight per plant.
Fungus Applications on Growth and Yield of Dena-1 Soybean Varieties
Authors: Sutarman  , Miftahurrohmat Agus , Eko Prihatiningrum Andriani
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the response of black soybean variety Dena-1 that has been inoculated with Rhyzobium indigenous bacteria to the activity of Trichoderma and Glomus spp fungi given as soil treatment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with effective fungal application treatment consisting of without application, T. esperellum, Glomus spp., and both types of fungi. All treatments were repeated five times. Observations were made on plant stem height and diameter, dry weight of the stover, number of pods, number of grains, grain weight, and weight of 100 grains. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and HSD test with a significance level of 5%. Trichoderma and Glomus application had no effect in increasing plant growth and production. The simultaneous application of these two fungi resulted in a decrease in dry weight of stover, number of pods, number of grains, grain weight, and weight of 100 soybeans respectively 15.41, 22.50, 30.87, 69.95, and 49.03%. This indicates that there is competition in the use of resources between the root nodule bacteria and the two biological agent fungi.
The Effect of Watering Techniques for Increasing the Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa L) in Dry Land
Authors: Polakitan August , Salamba Herlina N , Manoppo Conny N
Published: November 2022

Climate change that occurs requires secondary irrigation, to meet water needs by plants from existing water sources (springs, or existing irrigation. This study aims to see the effect of irrigation on increasing the production of shallot bulbs of the Lansuna variety. The study was conducted in the dry season of 2017 in Minahasa Regency. The layout of the experiment used a Randomized Block Design 2 treatment with 5 replications per plot measuring 4m x 4m. Pressurized watering was carried out per day for 4 hours with watering intervals every 3 days. For comparison, the existing technology only depends on the rainfall that occurs. randomized so that there are 250 clumps to be analyzed. This can also be seen in the existing 0.5 ha technology. Observation parameters include the weight of stover at harvest, the average number of tubers per plant, and tuber yield of tons/ha. Data were analyzed using the T-test The results of the analysis showed that the weight of shallots at harvest was 3.4g heavier and real eda by way of farmers (1.48g). The number of tubers per plant was not affected by irrigation techniques, but the weight of the shallot bulbs increased by 48.9% and the yield per ha increased by 48.40% from the rainfall that occurred during the study.
Der Mythos der 15°-Linksseitenlagerung zur Entlastung der Vena cava inferior
Authors: Massoth Christina , Kranke Peter , Wenk Manuel
Published: November 2022

Positioning the pregnant patient in her third trimester in a 15° left lateral tilt position with the rationale to reduce inferior vena cava (IVC) compression is a longstanding practice of
both obstetric and anesthesia care. Recent data from MRI imaging studies have challenged this traditional dogma, since the IVC was found to remain compressed at a 15° angle, with a tilt of
at least 30° necessary to provide a certain relief of the vessel. However, even the 15° tilt is regularly underestimated by visual judgement and improperly executed, but comes with several
disadvantages without adding any benefit on fetal outcome. Current evidence supports all efforts to cease the dogma of a 15° left lateral position for its lack of effectiveness and instead
put emphasis on proven measures, such as volume coloading and the timely administration of vasopressors.
Homeopathy as an Adjuvant to Standard Care in Moderate and Severe Cases of COVID-19: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Kaushik Subhash , Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Arvind , Singh Shweta , Chatterjee Tania , Ali Syed , Gautam Khushbu , Parewa Maneet , Verma Naval Kumar , Bhatnagar Sushma , Singh Suraj Pal , Shekhar Varun , Khurana Anil
Published: November 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate whether individualized homeopathic medicines have a greater adjunctive effect than adjunctive placebos in the treatment of moderate and severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods The study was a randomized, single-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial set in the clinical context of standard care.

Intervention Patients of either sex, admitted in a tertiary care hospital, suffering from moderate or severe COVID-19 and above 18 years of age were included. In total, 150 patients were recruited and then randomly divided into two groups to receive either individualized homeopathic medicines or placebos, in addition to the standard treatment of COVID-19.

Outcome Measures The primary outcome was time taken to achieve RT-PCR-confirmed virus clearance for COVID-19. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Clinical Ordinal Outcomes Scale (COOS) of the World Health Organization, the patient-reported MYMOP2 scale, and several biochemical parameters. Parametric data were analyzed using unpaired t-test. Non-parametric data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results In total, 72 participants of the add-on homeopathy (AoH) group showed conversion of RT-PCR status to negative, in an average time of 7.53 ± 4.76 days (mean ± SD), as compared with 11.65 ± 9.54 days in the add-on placebo (AoP) group (p = 0.001). The mean COOS score decreased from 4.26 ± 0.44 to 3.64 ± 1.50 and from 4.3 ± 0.46 to 4.07 ± 1.8 in the AoH and AoP groups respectively (p = 0.130). The mortality rate for the AoH group was 9.7% compared with 17.3% in the AoP group. The MYMOP2 scores between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.001), in favor of AoH. Inter-group differences in the pre- and post- mean values of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, total leukocyte count, platelet count and alkaline phosphatase were each found to be statistically significant (p <0.05), favoring AoH; six other biochemical parameters showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion The study suggests homeopathy may be an effective adjunct to standard care for treating moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. More rigorous, including double-blinded, studies should be performed to confirm or refute these initial findings.
Effect of Distraction Interventions on Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mathias Edlin Glane , Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Bramhagen Ann-Cathrine
Published: November 2022

Due to the unfamiliarity of the surroundings, children having surgery endure worry and tension. Untreated anxiety in children impairs postoperative healing and causes changes in postoperative behavior. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of distraction therapies on anxiety in children undergoing surgery. The systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. PubMed via MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to find relevant trials. Full-text papers published in English from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021 were included. Children undergoing surgery aged 1 to 18 years were included. A data extraction form was created to extract data from the selected studies. According to the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, studies were classified as “low risk,” “high risk,” or “unclear risk.” Review Manager software was used to do a quantitative meta-analysis. Thirteen studies looked at the effect of distraction intervention on children. Nine of them were selected for meta-analysis. The distraction interventions included in this review were: handheld video game, play dough and play with blocks and puzzles, tablet-based interactive distraction, animated video, painting and storytelling, age-appropriate video, distraction with video glasses, watching a movie, and bringing favorite toy during hospital stay. Meta-analysis showed that distraction interventions are effective on preoperative anxiety in children (standardized mean difference = –17.07, 95% confidence interval: 27.11–7.02, p = 0.0009).
Bilosomes as a Potential Carrier to Enhance Cognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Oral Administration
Authors: Narayanan V. Anoop , Sharma Ankitha , S. Rajesh K. , R. Arunraj T. , P. Gururaj M. , S. Parasuraman , John Anish
Published: November 2022

The Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda employs Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) for memory enhancement. This study attempts to prepare and test a more potent formulation by incorporating BME in nanovesicles. BME-loaded liposomes and bilosomes (bile salt-stabilized liposomes) were formulated using soy phosphatidylcholine. Liposomes and bilosomes had homogeneous size distribution and an average size of 285.7 nm and 84 nm, respectively, with satisfactory zeta potential. Spherical multilamellar bilosomes and unilamellar liposomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM), with BME entrapment efficiency of 85% and 45%, respectively. During a 72 h interval, bilosomes and liposomes released 78% and 65% of the loaded BME, exhibiting a biphasic release, following the Higuchi model diffusion. Both liposomes and bilosomes were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. When tested on dementia-induced Swiss albino mouse models using the Y-maze apparatus, the bilosome-treated group showed significant cognition enhancement activity than those treated with liposomal vesicles. The better pharmacological effect shown by bilosomes may be attributed to better bioavailability, possibly augmented by higher entrapment efficiency, and improved vesicle integrity afforded by bile salts. Likewise, bilosomes were more stable than liposomes in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Taken together, innovative formulation techniques hold substantial promise for enhancing the ethnopharmacological claims of BME.
Dementia Prevention in Clinical Practice
Authors: Niotis Kellyann , Akiyoshi Kiarra , Carlton Caroline , Isaacson Richard
Published: November 2022

Over 55 million people globally are living with dementia and, by 2050, this number is projected to increase to 131 million. This poses immeasurable challenges for patients and their families and a significant threat to domestic and global economies. Given this public health crisis and disappointing results from disease-modifying trials, there has been a recent shift in focus toward primary and secondary prevention strategies. Approximately 40% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, which is the most common form of dementia, may be prevented or at least delayed. Success of risk reduction studies through addressing modifiable risk factors, in addition to the failure of most drug trials, lends support for personalized multidomain interventions rather than a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Evolving evidence supports early intervention in at-risk patients using individualized interventions directed at modifiable risk factors. Comprehensive risk stratification can be informed by emerging principals of precision medicine, and include expanded clinical and family history, anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, neurocognitive evaluation, and genetic information. Risk stratification is key in differentiating subtypes of dementia and identifies targetable areas for intervention. This article reviews a clinical approach toward dementia risk stratification and evidence-based prevention strategies, with a primary focus on AD.
Molecular dynamics simulation of cancer cell membrane perforated by shockwave induced bubble collapse
Authors: Linh Nguyen Hoang , Man Viet Hoang , Li Mai Suan , Wang Junmei , Derreumaux Philippe , Mai Thi Ly , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: November 2022

It has been widely accepted that cancer cells are softer than their normal counterparts. This motivates us to propose, as a proof-of-concept, a method for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents into cancer cells, while normal cells are less affected. The basic idea of this method is to use a water jet generated by the collapse of the bubble under shockwaves to perforate pores in the cell membrane. Given a combination of shockwave and bubble parameters, the cancer membrane is more susceptible to bending, stretching, and perforating than the normal membrane because the bending modulus of the cancer cell membrane is smaller than that of the normal cell membrane. Therefore, the therapeutic agent delivery into cancer cells is easier than in normal cells. Adopting two well-studied models of the normal and cancer membranes, we perform shockwave induced bubble collapse molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the difference in the response of two membranes over a range of shockwave impulse 15–30 mPa s and bubble diameter 4–10 nm. The simulation shows that the presence of bubbles is essential for generating a water jet, which is required for perforation; otherwise, pores are not formed. Given a set of shockwave impulse and bubble parameters, the pore area in the cancer membrane is always larger than that in the normal membrane. However, a too strong shockwave and/or too large bubble results in too fast disruption of membranes, and pore areas are similar between two membrane types. The pore closure time in the cancer membrane is slower than that in the normal membrane. The implications of our results for applications in real cells are discussed in some details. Our simulation may be useful for encouraging future experimental work on novel approaches for cancer treatment.
Separating internal and externally forced contributions to global temperature variability using a Bayesian stochastic energy balance framework
Authors: Schillinger Maybritt , Ellerhoff Beatrice , Scheichl Robert , Rehfeld Kira
Published: November 2022

Earth’s temperature variability can be partitioned into internal and externally forced components. Yet, underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions remain insufficiently understood, especially on decadal to centennial timescales. Important reasons for this are difficulties in isolating internal and externally forced variability. Here, we provide a physically motivated emulation of global mean surface temperature (GMST) variability, which allows for the separation of internal and external variations. To this end, we introduce the “ClimBayes” software package, which infers climate parameters from a stochastic energy balance model (EBM) with a Bayesian approach. We apply our method to GMST data from temperature observations and 20 last millennium simulations from climate models of intermediate to high complexity. This yields the best estimates of the EBM’s forced and forced + internal response, which we refer to as emulated variability. The timescale-dependent variance is obtained from spectral analysis. In particular, we contrast the emulated forced and forced + internal variance on interannual to centennial timescales with that of the GMST target. Our findings show that a stochastic EBM closely approximates the power spectrum and timescale-dependent variance of GMST as simulated by modern climate models. Small deviations at interannual timescales can be attributed to the simplified representation of internal variability and, in particular, the absence of (pseudo-)oscillatory modes in the stochastic EBM. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential of combining Bayesian inference with conceptual climate models to emulate statistics of climate variables across timescales.
Conducting ferroelectric domain walls emulating aspects of neurological behavior
Authors: Suna A. , Baxter O. E. , McConville J. P. V. , Kumar A. , McQuaid R. G. P. , Gregg J. M.
Published: November 2022

The electrical conductivity of lithium niobate thin film capacitor structures depends on the density of conducting 180° domain walls, which traverse the interelectrode gap, and on their inclination angle with respect to the polarization axis. Both microstructural characteristics can be altered by applying electric fields, but changes are time-dependent and relax, upon field removal, into a diverse range of remanent states. As a result, the measured conductance is a complex history-dependent function of electric field and time. Here, we show that complexity in the kinetics of microstructural change, in this ferroelectric system, can generate transport behavior that is strongly reminiscent of that seen in key neurological building blocks, such as synapses. Successive voltage pulses, of positive and negative polarity, progressively enhance or suppress domain wall related conductance (analogous to synaptic potentiation and depression), in a way that depends on both the pulse voltage magnitude and frequency. Synaptic spike-rate-dependent plasticity and even Ebbinghaus forgetting behavior, characteristic of learning and memory in the brain, can be emulated as a result. Conductance can also be changed according to the time difference between designed identical voltage pulse waveforms, applied to top and bottom contact electrodes, in a way that can mimic both Hebbian and anti-Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity in synapses. While such features have been seen in, and developed for, other kinds of memristors, few have previously been realized through the manipulation of conducting ferroelectric domain walls.
Anomaly data identification for wind farms based on composite machine learning
Authors: Wu Yongbin , Zhang Jianzhong , Din Zaki ud , Huang Shubang
Published: November 2022

The harshness and uncertainty of the operating environment have caused a large amount of anomaly data to wind farms, so clean and valid operation data are essential for smart wind power operation and maintenance. Therefore, this paper proposes a composite machine learning algorithm based on the horizontal vertical quartile method and extreme learning machine (ELM) to recognize anomaly wind speed-power data in the wind farm. First, the anomaly points of the wind speed-power data are identified from a bilateral relationship of wind speed and power output by using the horizontal and vertical quartile methods. Second, the effects of different quartile methods on the cleaning effect are compared, and the optimal method with a combination of horizontal and vertical quartiles is selected to identify the abnormality of the wind speed-power data in wind farms. Then, the wind speed-power data could be tagged after anomaly identification, and the sample library is setup. After that, the ELM is trained to learn the data features, and it could be applied to anomaly data identification in the future operation of wind farms. Finally, an example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Water activation and splitting by single anionic iridium atoms
Authors: Zhu Zhaoguo , Liu Gaoxiang , Ciborowski Sandra M. , Cao Yulu , Harris Rachel M. , Bowen Kit H.
Published: November 2022

Mass spectrometric analysis of anionic products that result from interacting Ir− with H2O shows the efficient generation of [Ir(H2O)]− complexes and IrO− molecular anions. Anion photoelectron spectra of [Ir(H2O)]−, formed under various source conditions, exhibit spectral features that are due to three different forms of the complex: the solvated anion–molecule complex, Ir−(H2O), as well as the intermediates, [H–Ir–OH]− and [H2–Ir–O]−, where one and two O–H bonds have been broken, respectively. The measured and calculated vertical detachment energy values are in good agreement and, thus, support identification of all three types of isomers. The calculated reaction pathway shows that the overall reaction Ir− + H2O → IrO− + H2 is exothermic. Two minimum energy crossing points were found, which shuttle intermediates and products between singlet and triplet potential surfaces. This study presents the first example of water activation and splitting by single Ir− anions.
Ferroelectric water chains in carbon nanotubes: Creation and manipulation of ordered quantum phases
Authors: Serwatka Tobias , Roy Pierre-Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Systems composed of molecular rotors are promising candidates as quantum devices. In this work, we employ our recently developed density matrix renormalization group approach to study such a rotor system, namely, linear chains of rotating para-water molecules encapsulated in a (6,5)-carbon nanotube. We show that the anisotropic environment provided by the nanotube breaks the inversion symmetry of the chain. This symmetry breaking lifts the degeneracy of the ground state and leads to a splitting between the left- and right-polarized states. In turn, a ferroelectric phase in nanoscopic systems is created, with a polarization that can be switched in a manner analogous to that of a supramolecular qubit. We present results for a few low-lying states and discuss the effect of external electric fields on the energy splitting and the occurrence of a quantum phase transition.
Long-term benefits of nonpharmaceutical interventions for endemic infections are shaped by respiratory pathogen dynamics
Authors: Baker Rachel E. , Saad-Roy Chadi M. , Park Sang Woo , Farrar Jeremy , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Grenfell Bryan T.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including mask wearing, have proved highly effective at reducing the transmission of endemic infections. A key public health question is whether NPIs could continue to be implemented long term to reduce the ongoing burden from endemic pathogens. Here, we use epidemiological models to explore the impact of long-term NPIs on the dynamics of endemic infections. We find that the introduction of NPIs leads to a strong initial reduction in incidence, but this effect is transient: As susceptibility increases, epidemics return while NPIs are in place. For low
R
0
infections, these return epidemics are of reduced equilibrium incidence and epidemic peak size. For high
R
0
infections, return epidemics are of similar magnitude to pre-NPI outbreaks. Our results underline that managing ongoing susceptible buildup, e.g., with vaccination, remains an important long-term goal.
Natural and synthetic inhibitors of a phage-encoded quorum-sensing receptor affect phage–host dynamics in mixed bacterial communities
Authors: Silpe Justin E. , Duddy Olivia P. , Bassler Bonnie L.
Published: November 2022

Viruses that infect bacteria, called phages, shape the composition of bacterial communities and are important drivers of bacterial evolution. We recently showed that temperate phages, when residing in bacteria (i.e., prophages), are capable of manipulating the bacterial cell-to-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS). QS relies on the production, release, and population-wide detection of signaling molecules called autoinducers (AI). Gram-negative bacteria commonly employ
N
-acyl homoserine lactones (HSL) as AIs that are detected by LuxR-type QS receptors. Phage ARM81ld is a prophage of the aquatic bacterium
Aeromonas
sp. ARM81, and it encodes a homolog of a bacterial LuxR, called LuxR
ARM81ld
. LuxR
ARM81ld
detects host
Aeromonas
-produced C4-HSL, and in response, activates the phage lytic program, triggering death of its host and release of viral particles. Here, we show that phage LuxR
ARM81ld
activity is modulated by noncognate HSL ligands and by a synthetic small molecule inhibitor. We determine that HSLs with acyl chain lengths equal to or longer than C8 antagonize LuxR
ARM81ld
. For example, the C8-HSL AI produced by
Vibrio fischeri
that coexists with
Aeromonads
in aquatic environments, binds to and inhibits LuxR
ARM81ld
, and consequently, protects the host from lysis. Coculture of
V. fischeri
with the
Aeromonas
sp. ARM81 lysogen suppresses phage ARM81ld virion production. We propose that the cell density and species composition of the bacterial community could determine outcomes in bacterial-phage partnerships.
Axion-Photon Conversion of LHAASO Multi-TeV and PeV Photons
Authors: Zhang Guangshuai , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: November 2022

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has reported the detection of a large number of multi-TeV-scale photon events including also several PeV-scale gamma-ray-photon events with energy as high as 1.4 PeV. The possibility that some of these events may have extragalactic origins is not yet excluded. Here we propose a mechanism for the traveling of very-high-energy (VHE) and ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons based upon the axion-photon conversion scenario, which allows extragalactic above-threshold photons to be detected by observers on the Earth. We show that the axion-photon conversation can serve as an alternative mechanism, besides the threshold anomaly due to Lorentz invariance violation, for the very-high-energy features of the newly observed gamma ray burst GRB 221009A.
Topological effects produced by point-like global monopole with Hulthen plus screened Kratzer potential on Eigenvalue solutions and NU-method
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: November 2022

In this article, the approximate eigenvalue solution of the Schrödinger non-relativistic equation in 3D with a non-central potential of superposition of Hulthen potential and screened Kratzer potential in a point-like global monopole space-time is obtained. We employ a suitable approximation scheme like the Greene-Aldrich approximation in the centrifugal and reciprocal terms that appear in the radial equation and solve it using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The results are analyzed for the topological defects and the magnetic flux and show that the eigenvalue solution gets modified in comparison to the flat space result with this superposed potential. Finally, we utilize the eigenvalue solution to some diatomic molecular potential models, such as screened Kratzer and Varshni potential and discuss the effects on the eigenvalue solutions.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of quantum devices
Authors: He Ke
Published: November 2022

The inherent fragility and surface/interface-sensitivity of quantum devices demand fabrication techniques under very clean environment. Here, I briefly introduces several techniques based on molecular beam epitaxy growth on pre-patterned substrates which enable us to directly prepare in-plane nanostructures and heterostructures in ultrahigh vacuum. The molecular beam epitaxy-based fabrication techniques are especially useful in constructing the high-quality devices and circuits for solid-state quantum computing in a scalable way.
High-pressure and high-temperature sintering of pure cubic silicon carbide: A study on stress–strain and densification
Authors: Liu Jin-Xin , Peng Fang , Ma Guo-Long , Liang Wen-Jia , He Rui-Qi , Guan Shi-Xue , Tang Yue , Xiang Xiao-Jun
Published: November 2022

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a high-performance structural ceramic material with excellent comprehensive properties, and is unmatched by metals and other structural materials. In this paper, raw SiC powder with an average grain size of 5 μm was sintered by an isothermal-compression process at 5.0 GPa and 1500 °C; the maximum hardness of the sintered samples was 31.3 GPa. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microscopic morphology of the recovered SiC samples treated in a temperature and extended pressure range of 0–1500 °C and 0–16.0 GPa, respectively. Defects and plastic deformation in the SiC grains were further analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Further, high-pressure in situ synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction was used to study the intergranular stress distribution and yield strength under non-hydrostatic compression. This study provides a new viewpoint for the sintering of pure phase micron-sized SiC particles.
Orbital torque of Cr-induced magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Pt/Cr heterostructures
Authors: Xie Hongfei , Chang Yuhan , Guo Xi , Zhang Jianrong , Cui Baoshan , Zuo Yalu , Xi Li
Published: November 2022

The spin–orbit torque via the spin Hall effect of heavy metals has shown promising prospect in driving the magnetization switching in spintronic devices due to the generated spin current from heavy metals. Recently, the 3d-light metals have been predicted the ability to generate orbital current and the associated orbital torques from the orbital Hall effect. However, few experiments have been carried out since it is quite hard to directly detect the orbital current-generated orbital torque. Here, we report an effective method to demonstrate the strong orbital torques in light metal Cr through a conversion process from orbital current to spin current by introducing the Pt interfacial layer in perpendicularly magnetized symmetric Pt/Co/Pt structures. A quite large and monotonically growth of orbital torque efficiency in Pt/Co/Pt/Cr with the increase of the thickness of Cr layer is obtained with the largest effective orbital torque efficiency around 2.6 Oe/(MA⋅cm−2) (1 Oe = 79.5775 A⋅m−1). The ability of orbital torque to drive the magnetization switching is also reported with the critical switching current density down to the order of 106 A⋅cm−2. Our findings prove the efficiency for switching the magnetization from light metal Cr layers through the orbital Hall effect.
Development of LGAD sensors with a thin entrance window for soft X-ray detection
Authors: Zhang J. , Barten R. , Baruffaldi F. , Bergamaschi A. , Borghi G. , Boscardin M. , Brückner M. , Carulla M. , Centis Vignali M. , Dinapoli R. , Ebner S. , Ficorella F. , Fröjj¨dh E. , Greiffenberg D. , Hammad Ali O. , Heymes J. , Hasanaj S. , Hinger V. , King T. , Kozlowski P. , Lopez-Cuenca C. , Mezza D. , Moustakas K. , Mozzanica A. , Paternoster G. , Ronchin S. , Ruder C. , Schmitt B. , Thattil D.
Published: November 2022

We show the developments carried out to improve the silicon sensor technology for the detection of soft X-rays with hybrid X-ray detectors. An optimization of the entrance window technology is required to improve the quantum efficiency. The LGAD technology can be used to amplify the signal generated by the X-rays and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, making single photon resolution in the soft X-ray energy range possible. In this paper, we report first results obtained from an LGAD sensor production with an optimized thin entrance window. Single photon detection of soft X-rays down to 452 eV has been demonstrated from measurements, with a signal-to-noise ratio better than 20.