bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Effort in Elite and Nonelite Rowers
Authors: Herrebrøden Henrik , Espeseth Thomas , Bishop Laura
Published: July 2023

Mental effort (intensity of attention) in elite sports has remained a debated topic and a challenging phenomenon to measure. Thus, a quasi-ecological laboratory study was conducted to investigate mental effort in elite rowers as compared with a group of nonelites. Findings suggest that eye-tracking measures—specifically, blink rates and pupil size—can serve as valid indicators of mental effort in physically demanding sport tasks. Furthermore, findings contradict the notion that elite athletes spend less cognitive effort than their lower-level peers. Specifically, elites displayed similar levels of self-reported effort and performance decrement with increasing mental load and significantly more mental effort overall as measured by pupil-size increase (relative to baseline) during rowing trials as compared with the nonelites in the sample. Future studies on eye tracking in sports may include investigations of mental effort in addition to selective attention during physically demanding tasks.
Toward machine-assisted tuning avoiding the underestimation of uncertainty in climate change projections
Authors: Hourdin Frédéric , Ferster Brady , Deshayes Julie , Mignot Juliette , Musat Ionela , Williamson Daniel
Published: July 2023

Documenting the uncertainty of climate change projections is a fundamental objective of the inter-comparison exercises organized to feed into the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. Usually, each modeling center contributes to these exercises with one or two configurations of its climate model, corresponding to a particular choice of “free parameter” values, resulting from a long and often tedious “model tuning” phase. How much uncertainty is omitted by this selection and how might readers of IPCC reports and users of climate projections be misled by its omission? We show here how recent machine learning approaches can transform the way climate model tuning is approached, opening the way to a simultaneous acceleration of model improvement and parametric uncertainty quantification. We show how an automatic selection of model configurations defined by different values of free parameters can produce different “warming worlds,” all consistent with present-day observations of the climate system.
TOX2 coordinates with TET2 to positively regulate central memory differentiation in human CAR T cells
Authors: Collins Sierra M. , Alexander Katherine A. , Lundh Stefan , Dimitri Alexander J. , Zhang Zhen , Good Charly R. , Fraietta Joseph A. , Berger Shelley L.
Published: July 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is used in treating human hematological malignancies, but its efficacy is limited by T cell exhaustion (T
EX
). T
EX
arises at the expense of central memory T cells (T
CM
), which exhibit robust antitumor efficacy. Reduction of the TET2 gene led to increased T
CM
differentiation in a patient with leukemia who experienced a complete remission. We show that loss of TET2 led to increased chromatin accessibility at exhaustion regulators TOX and TOX2, plus increased expression of TOX2. Knockdown of TOX increased the percentage of T
CM
. However, unexpectedly, knockdown of TOX2 decreased T
CM
percentage and reduced proliferation. Consistently, a T
CM
gene signature was reduced in the TOX2 knockdown, and TOX2 bound to promoters of numerous T
CM
genes. Our results thus suggest a role for human TOX2, in contrast to exhaustion regulator TOX, as a potentiator of central memory differentiation of CAR T cells, with plausible utility in CAR T cell cancer therapy via modulated TOX2 expression.
Climatic regulation of atmospheric mercury deposition: Evidence from mercury isotopes in an alpine peat core
Authors: Xue Wen , Yin Runsheng , Kwon Sae Yun , Peng Haijun , Chen Di , Zeng Mengxiu , Fang Linchuan
Published: July 2023

Mercury is a global pollutant that can undergo long-range transport in the atmosphere. While anthropogenic activities have largely increased atmospheric Hg emission and deposition since global industrialization, mechanisms governing the atmospheric Hg cycle in preindustrial periods remain unclear. Alpine peatlands receive Hg mainly from atmospheric Hg deposition and are sensitive to climatic changes, therefore alpine peat cores can be a useful archive for understanding the relationship between atmospheric Hg deposition and climate change. Here we reconstruct a 1200-year Hg deposition record based on a core drilled from an ombrotrophic peat bog in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, SW China. This core shows a dramatic change of Hg deposition fluxes (30.3–515 μg/m2/yr) associated with variable Hg isotopic composition (δ202Hg: –1.02‰ to –2.01‰; Δ199Hg: –0.16‰ to –0.50‰; Δ200Hg: –0.08‰ to 0.07‰). Using a Δ200Hg-based model, deposition fluxes of atmospheric Hg(0) and Hg(II) were estimated, which vary coherently with climatic indices (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and monsoon intensity). Results of this study imply that atmospheric Hg deposition in SW China is governed by two climate scenarios. In warm-house climates, low precipitation intensity and vegetation growth rates in SW China caused low atmospheric Hg(II) and Hg(0) deposition fluxes, respectively. In cold-house climates, high precipitation intensity and vegetation growth rates caused high atmospheric Hg(II) and Hg(0) deposition fluxes. This study highlights that climate changes can have a strong control on atmospheric Hg deposition.
Networks of microstructural damage predict disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Colato Elisa , Prados Ferran , Stutters Jonathan , Bianchi Alessia , Narayanan Sridar , Arnold Douglas L , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga , Chard Declan T , Eshaghi Arman
Published: July 2023

Background

Network-based measures are emerging MRI markers in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to identify networks of white (WM) and grey matter (GM) damage that predict disability progression and cognitive worsening using data-driven methods.

Methods

We analysed data from 1836 participants with different MS phenotypes (843 in a discovery cohort and 842 in a replication cohort). We calculated standardised T1-weighted/T2-weighted (sT1w/T2w) ratio maps in brain GM and WM, and applied spatial independent component analysis to identify networks of covarying microstructural damage. Clinical outcomes were Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening confirmed at 24 weeks (24-week confirmed disability progression (CDP)) and time to cognitive worsening assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate predictive value of network measures.

Results

We identified 8 WM and 7 GM sT1w/T2w networks (of regional covariation in sT1w/T2w measures) in both cohorts. Network loading represents the degree of covariation in regional T1/T2 ratio within a given network. The loading factor in the anterior corona radiata and temporo-parieto-frontal components were associated with higher risks of developing CDP both in the discovery (HR=0.85, p<0.05 and HR=0.83, p<0.05, respectively) and replication cohorts (HR=0.84, p<0.05 and HR=0.80, p<0.005, respectively). The decreasing or increasing loading factor in the arcuate fasciculus, corpus callosum, deep GM, cortico-cerebellar patterns and lesion load were associated with a higher risk of developing SDMT worsening both in the discovery (HR=0.82, p<0.01; HR=0.87, p<0.05; HR=0.75, p<0.001; HR=0.86, p<0.05 and HR=1.27, p<0.0001) and replication cohorts (HR=0.82, p<0.005; HR=0.73, p<0.0001; HR=0.80, p<0.005; HR=0.85, p<0.01 and HR=1.26, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

GM and WM networks of microstructural changes predict disability and cognitive worsening in MS. Our approach may be used to identify patients at greater risk of disability worsening and stratify cohorts in treatment trials.
Genomic testing in neurology
Authors: Jain Vani , Irving Rachel , Williams Angharad
Published: July 2023

Genomic testing has been available for neurological conditions for decades. However, in recent years, there has been a significant change in its availability, range and cost, as well as improvements in the technology and knowledge that underpin how the genome is interrogated. Neurologists can encounter a wide range of genetic conditions, and so their understanding of genomic testing is fundamental to modern clinical practice.
Trends in cross-border and illicit tobacco purchases among people who smoke in England, 2019–2022
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Cox Sharon , Brown Jamie
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The last 5 years have seen substantial changes in England’s social and economic landscape as a result of Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic and cost of living crisis. We aimed to examine changes in cross-border and illicit tobacco purchasing over this period.

Design

Nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey.

Setting

England, 2019–2022.

Participants

11 232 adults (≥18 years) who smoked in the past year.

Main outcome measures

We estimated time trends in the proportion reporting purchasing tobacco from (1) cross-border and (2) illicit sources in the past 6 months.

Results

Between February 2019 and October 2022, there was a non-linear increase in the proportion of participants reporting cross-border tobacco purchases (from 5.2% to 16.1% overall; prevalence ratio (PR)=3.10, 95% CI 2.03–4.73). Prevalence first increased from 5.2% to 15.4% between February 2019 and April 2020, before falling to 7.8% between April 2020 and September 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and then increasing again to 16.1% by the end of the period. Changes in cross-border tobacco purchasing were more pronounced among participants from more advantaged (from 6.6% to 23.3%; PR=3.52, 95% CI 2.05–5.91) compared with less advantaged (4.4% to 11.5%; PR=2.61, 95% CI 1.17–5.20) social grades (p
interaction
=0.034). There was no overall change in the proportion reporting illicit tobacco purchases (from 9.2% to 8.5%; PR=0.92, 95% CI 0.70–1.21), nor any significant difference in trends by social grade (p
interaction
=0.783).

Conclusions

Despite a fall in cross-border tobacco purchasing during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in England who smoke, the proportion reporting cross-border tobacco purchases is now three times higher than it was at the start of 2019. The proportion reporting illicit tobacco purchases has not changed substantially.
Nootkatone attenuates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice through repressing ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Gai Yun , Bai Chong , Zhang Wei , Xiao Hua , Xu Jing , Hou Jia , Ge Xiahui
Published: July 2023

Nootkatone (NKT) exhibits potential pharmacological activities including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of NKT in asthmatic airway inflammation. In the study, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish experimental allergic asthma model. After treatment with NKT, lung tissues, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to assess inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and pathological alternations. The effects of NKT on regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation was assessed in IL-13-treated BEAS-2B cell model. We found that NKT treatment decreased the production of Th2 inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in BALF and IgE levels in serum, and alleviated inflammatory cell penetration, goblet cell proliferation, collagen accumulation, and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues. NKT treatment mitigated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in asthmatic mice. IL-13 treatment induced oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells, whereas these effects were blocked by NKT. NKT protected against airway remodeling, as indicated by decreased epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NKT mitigates asthmatic airway inflammation by inhibiting ROS-triggered NLRP3 activation and may be a potential agent for treating asthma.
Analytical study of the heat capacity and entropy of ZrM (M=N and C) compounds
Authors: Gökbulut M. , Koç H. , Bölükdemir M. H. , Eser E.
Published: July 2023

An analytical formulation that calculates the thermodynamic properties of zirconium carbide and zirconium nitride has been produced using the n-dimensional Debye function. The results of the heat capacity and entropy calculated here for ZrM (M=N and C) were compared with the literature data, and are found to be in agreement. This agreement shows that the used method would be useful to calculate the thermophysical properties (heat capacity, entropy, etc.) of materials such as ZrC and ZrN.
Measuring Broadband America: A Retrospective on Origins, Achievements, and Challenges
Authors: Burger Eric W. , Krishnaswamy Padma , Schulzrinne Henning
Published: July 2023

The "Measuring Broadband America" program, run by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), continually measures and releases data on the performance of consumer broadband access networks in the US. This paper presents a retrospective on the program, from its beginnings in 2010 to the present. It also reviews the underlying measurement approaches, philosophies, distinguishing features, and lessons learned over the program's duration thus far. We focus on fixed broadband access since it is the program component with the longest history. We also discuss future directions and challenges.
Topographical and Chemical Inductive Cues Synergistically Enhance the Schwann Cell Differentiation of Aligned Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheets
Authors: Drewry Michelle D. , Rothermund Kristi , Syed-Picard Fatima N.
Published: July 2023

Peripheral nerves have an inherent capacity for regeneration, but these Schwann cell-mediated mechanisms are insufficient for severe injuries. With current clinical treatments, slow regeneration and aberrant reinnervation result in poor functional outcomes. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) offer a promising source of therapeutic neurotrophic factors (NTFs), growth factors that stimulate axon regeneration. Previously, we established that DPSCs can generate scaffold-free sheets with a linearly aligned extracellular matrix (ECM). These sheets provide trophic cues via the DPSCs and directional cues through the aligned ECM to both accelerate and orient axon outgrowth, thus providing a biomaterial capable of addressing the current clinical challenges. DPSCs have a propensity for differentiating into Schwann cells (SC-DPSCs), further enhancing their endogenous NTF expression. Here, we evaluated the effect of inducing SC differentiation on the neuroregenerative bioactivity of our DPSC sheets. These sheets were formed on substrates with linear microgrooves to direct the cells to deposit an aligned ECM. Inducing differentiation using an SC differentiation medium (SCDM) increased NTF expression 2-fold compared to unaligned uDPSC sheets, and this effect was amplified in linearly oriented SC-DPSC sheets by up to 8-fold. Furthermore, these aligned SC-DPSC sheets remodeled the sheet ECM to more closely emulate a regenerative neural microenvironment, expressing 8-fold and 2 × 107-fold more collagen IV and laminin, respectively, than unaligned uDPSC sheets. These data demonstrate that the chemical cues of the SCDM and the mechanotransductive cues of the aligned cell sheet synergistically enhanced the differentiation of DPSCs into repair SC-like cells. To evaluate their functional effects on neuritogenesis, the DPSC sheets were directly cocultured with neuronally differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In this in vitro culture system, the aligned SC-DPSC sheets promoted oriented neurite-like outgrowth similar to aligned uninduced DPSC sheets and increased collateral branching, which may emulate stages associated with natural SC-mediated repair processes. Therefore, linearly aligned SC-DPSC sheets have the potential to both promote nerve regeneration and reduce aberrant reinnervation, thus providing a promising biomaterial for applications to improve the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Supplemental Table 4 from Validating Wave 1 (2014) Urinary Cotinine and TNE-2 Cut-points for Differentiating Wave 4 (2017) Cigarette Use from Non-use in the United States Using Data from the PATH Study
Authors: Edwards Kathryn C. , Khan Asia , Sharma Eva , Wang Lanqing , Feng June , Blount Benjamin C. , Sosnoff Connie S. , Smith Danielle M. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Pearson Jennifer , Villanti Andrea C. , Delnevo Cristine D. , Bover-Manderski Michelle T. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Niaura Raymond , Everard Colm , Kimmel Heather L. , Duffy Kara , Rostron Brian L. , Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y. , van Bemmel Dana M. , Stanton Cassandra A. , Hyland Andrew
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 4 provides prevalence rates of any tobacco use using TNE-2 cut-points.
Supplementary Table S5 from HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik , Imani Partow , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Dudoit Sandrine , Vineis Paolo , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S5: Features selected for association with NHL
Supplementary Table S4 from HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik , Imani Partow , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Dudoit Sandrine , Vineis Paolo , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S4: Variance components, ICCs and CVs for logged peak areas
Supplementary Table S2 from HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik , Imani Partow , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Dudoit Sandrine , Vineis Paolo , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S2: Cys34 and Lys525 adducts detected
Supplementary Methods S1 from HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik , Imani Partow , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Dudoit Sandrine , Vineis Paolo , Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Methods S1: Detailed nLC-HRMSMS methods
Supplemental Table 1 from Cigarette and Alternative Tobacco Product Use among Adult Cancer Survivors Enrolled in 9 ECOG-ACRIN Clinical Trials
Authors: Streck Joanna M. , Lee Ju-Whei , Walter Angela Wangari , Rosen Rachel L. , Gareen Ilana F. , Kircher Sheetal Mehta , Herman Benjamin A. , Carlos Ruth C. , Kumar Shaji , Mayer Ingrid A. , Saba Nabil F. , Fenske Timothy S. , Neal Joel W. , Atkins Michael B. , Hodi F. Stephen , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Tempany Clare , Shanafelt Tait D. , Wagner Lynne I. , Land Stephanie R. , Park Elyse R. , Ostroff Jamie S.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 1 shows cancer types, patient accrual and survey completion rates for parent trials
Supplementary Table 5 from Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Nam , Kim Kyungsik , Lee Sangjun , Park Sue K.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table 5 shows the impact of calendar year enrolled in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) study on the association between body mass index and thyroid cancer incidence
Table S3 from Using DEPendency of Association on the Number of Top Hits (DEPTH) as a Complementary Tool to Identify Novel Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Loci
Authors: Lai John , Wong Chi Kuen , Schmidt Daniel F. , Kapuscinski Miroslaw K. , Alpen Karen , MacInnis Robert J. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Win Aung K. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Chan Andrew T. , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hoffmeister Michael , White Emily , Le Marchand Loic , Pai Rish K. , Peters Ulrike , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. , Makalic Enes
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S3 shows the number of SNPs filtered out at each QC stage (according to Supplementary Table S2)
Table S2 from Results of an Open-label, Phase Ia/b Study of Pembrolizumab plus Olaratumab in Patients with Unresectable, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Schöffski Patrick , Bahleda Rastislav , Wagner Andrew J. , Burgess Melissa A. , Junker Niels , Chisamore Michael , Peterson Patrick , Szpurka Anna M. , Ceccarelli Matteo , Tap William D.
Published: July 2023

Table S2: Dose reduction, delay, and omission due to AE.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

Oncogenetic trees in patients with baseline tumors and resistant samples
Supplementary Figure S2 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

List of patients and samples included in the analysis of acquired resistance
Supplementary Figure S1 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

CONSORT flow diagram of patients enrolled in the study
Supplementary Data S3 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Data 3 reports the gene fusions data from the whole cohort.
Supplementary Data S2 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Data 2 reports the DNA alterations from WES.
Supplementary Data S14 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

Supplementary data 14 describes the GSEA analysis of resistant samples vs baseline samples from patients with acquired resistance and without neuroendocrine feature
Supplementary Data S13 from Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann
Published: July 2023

Supplementary data 13 describes the GSEA analysis of resistant samples vs baseline samples from patients with acquired resistance and neuroendocrine features
Supplemental Figure 9 from Mitochondrial Uncoupling Inhibits Reductive Carboxylation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Jiang Haowen , He Clifford Jiajun , Li Albert M. , He Bo , Li Yang , Zhou Meng-Ning , Ye Jiangbin
Published: July 2023

S9. ETC inhibition only inhibits proliferation, but not spheroid formation, while Mitochondrial uncoupling inhibits both.
Supplemental Table 4 from Allele-specific Gene Regulation, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Estrogen Receptor Alpha–mutant Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Blanchard Zannel , Rush Craig M. , Arnesen Spencer , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Rodriguez Adriana C. , Jarboe Elke A. , Brown Callie , Chang Matthew E.K. , Flory Mark R. , Mohammed Hisham , Modzelewska Katarzyna , Lum David H. , Gertz Jason
Published: July 2023

Mutant ESR1 generation: gBlock used for template amplification
Supplemental Table 3 from Allele-specific Gene Regulation, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Estrogen Receptor Alpha–mutant Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Blanchard Zannel , Rush Craig M. , Arnesen Spencer , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Rodriguez Adriana C. , Jarboe Elke A. , Brown Callie , Chang Matthew E.K. , Flory Mark R. , Mohammed Hisham , Modzelewska Katarzyna , Lum David H. , Gertz Jason
Published: July 2023

Differentially expressed genes from in vivo RNA-seq experiments
Supplementary Table S3 from Progressive Spreading of DNA Methylation in the GSTP1 Promoter CpG Island across Transitions from Precursors to Invasive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gupta Harshath , Inoue Hitoshi , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Jones Tracy , Hicks Jessica L. , Kumar Balasubramanian , Gurel Meltem , Nelson William G. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S3 shows the phased methylation of the GSTP1 promoter region across 908 alleles, or clones, classified by density of methylation.
Supplementary Video S1 from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across FGFR2 Alterations and Resistance Mutations
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Sahai Vaibhav , Maglic Dejan , Bruderek Kamil , Touré B. Barry , Zhao Songping , Valverde Roberto , O'Hearn Patrick J. , Moustakas Demetri T. , Schönherr Heike , Gerami-Moayed Nastaran , Taylor Alexander M. , Hudson Brandi M. , Houde Damian J. , Pal Debjani , Foster Lindsey , Gunaydin Hakan , Ayaz Pelin , Sharon Dina A. , Goyal Lipika , Schram Alison M. , Kamath Suneel , Sherwin Cori Ann , Schmidt-Kittler Oleg , Jen Kai Yu , Ricard Fabien , Wolf Beni B. , Shaw David E. , Bergstrom Donald A. , Watters James , Casaletto Jessica B.
Published: July 2023

In this schematic movie, apo FGFR1 (left panel) demonstrates rapid P-loop dynamics, while apo FGFR2 (right panel) displays less P-loop motion.
Supplementary Table S3 from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across FGFR2 Alterations and Resistance Mutations
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Sahai Vaibhav , Maglic Dejan , Bruderek Kamil , Touré B. Barry , Zhao Songping , Valverde Roberto , O'Hearn Patrick J. , Moustakas Demetri T. , Schönherr Heike , Gerami-Moayed Nastaran , Taylor Alexander M. , Hudson Brandi M. , Houde Damian J. , Pal Debjani , Foster Lindsey , Gunaydin Hakan , Ayaz Pelin , Sharon Dina A. , Goyal Lipika , Schram Alison M. , Kamath Suneel , Sherwin Cori Ann , Schmidt-Kittler Oleg , Jen Kai Yu , Ricard Fabien , Wolf Beni B. , Shaw David E. , Bergstrom Donald A. , Watters James , Casaletto Jessica B.
Published: July 2023

Antiproliferative effect of RLY-4008 and pan-FGFRi in human tumor cell lines
Supplementary Table S1 from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across FGFR2 Alterations and Resistance Mutations
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Sahai Vaibhav , Maglic Dejan , Bruderek Kamil , Touré B. Barry , Zhao Songping , Valverde Roberto , O'Hearn Patrick J. , Moustakas Demetri T. , Schönherr Heike , Gerami-Moayed Nastaran , Taylor Alexander M. , Hudson Brandi M. , Houde Damian J. , Pal Debjani , Foster Lindsey , Gunaydin Hakan , Ayaz Pelin , Sharon Dina A. , Goyal Lipika , Schram Alison M. , Kamath Suneel , Sherwin Cori Ann , Schmidt-Kittler Oleg , Jen Kai Yu , Ricard Fabien , Wolf Beni B. , Shaw David E. , Bergstrom Donald A. , Watters James , Casaletto Jessica B.
Published: July 2023

Potency (kinact/KI) of RLY-4008 against FGFR1 and FGFR2
Supplementary Figures from Host Interactions with Engineered T-cell Micropharmacies
Authors: Bourne Christopher M. , Wallisch Patrick , Dacek Megan M. , Gardner Thomas J. , Pierre Stephanie , Vogt Kristen , Corless Broderick C. , Bah Mamadou A. , Romero-Pichardo Jesus E. , Charles Angel , Kurtz Keifer G. , Tan Derek S. , Scheinberg David A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figures S1-S15
Figure S6 from Activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling inhibits the growth of Ewing sarcoma cells in response to DNA replication stress
Authors: Croushore Emma E. , Koppenhafer Stacia L. , Goss Kelli L. , Geary Elizabeth L. , Gordon David J.
Published: July 2023

Regulation of c-Myc.
Supplementary Methods from Activating Inducible T cell Co-stimulator (ICOS) yields anti-tumor activity alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J , Hopson Christopher B , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Figure 9 from Activating Inducible T cell Co-stimulator (ICOS) yields anti-tumor activity alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J , Hopson Christopher B , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: July 2023

Antitumor activity of feladilimab in a humanized patient-derived
xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer.
Supplementary Figure S4 from LNS8801 inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Doepner Miriam , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Majer Ariana D , Mercado Sophia , Estell Angela , Natale Christopher A , Sung Pamela J , Foskett J. Kevin , Carroll Martin , Ridky Todd W
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure S4. Colony morphology of human AML cells and normal mononuclear cells (A and B) Brightfield image of colony formation of primary AML cells treated with (A) DMSO and (B) 250nM LNS8801. (C-H) Brightfield image of normal mononuclear cell colony morphologies.
Supplementary Figure S14 from LNS8801 inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Doepner Miriam , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Majer Ariana D , Mercado Sophia , Estell Angela , Natale Christopher A , Sung Pamela J , Foskett J. Kevin , Carroll Martin , Ridky Todd W
Published: July 2023

LNS8801 does not inhibit AML in systemic in vivo model (A) Proliferation assay of luciferase-expressing MV4-11 (MV4-11-Luc) cells. Cells were incubated for 72 hours and were counted with trypan blue dye. 5 replicates were used for experiment. P-values were calculated via pairwise t-tests (*p=<0.05, **p=<0.01, ***p=<0.001, ****p=<0.0001). (B) Systemic in vivo experiment done with MV4-11-Luc. Male NSG mice were used for the experiment. Mice were treated with vehicle or LNS8801 daily through oral gavage. 3 animals were used per condition.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Th1-like CD4+ T-cell Cluster That Predicts Disease-free Survival in Early-stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Yanagihara Akitoshi , Yamasaki Satoshi , Hashimoto Kosuke , Taguchi Ryo , Umesaki Tetsuya , Imai Hisao , Kaira Kyoichi , Nitanda Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Ishida Hironori , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Fig. S1. Gating strategy of CyTOF analysis
TABLE 1 from Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Mitra Ghosh Taraswi , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , Yadav Jyoti , Akinpelu Ayuba , Alnaim Ahmed , Kumar Harish , Waliagha Razan , Church Bird Allison E. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Mishra Amarjit , Yates Clayton C. , Mitra Amit K. , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2023

Top DEGs for mCSPC/ARHigh (LNCaP, VCaP, 22RV1) and mCRPC/NEPC/ARLow (PC-3, PC3M, and DU145) prostate cancer cell lines
Supplementary Figure 9 from Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Mitra Ghosh Taraswi , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , Yadav Jyoti , Akinpelu Ayuba , Alnaim Ahmed , Kumar Harish , Waliagha Razan , Church Bird Allison E. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Mishra Amarjit , Yates Clayton C. , Mitra Amit K. , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Fig. 9 shows Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting CD44High: PC-3M cell line stained with stemness markers (CD44) and sorted CD44+ cells, followed by CONV-TOPO, METRO-TOPO, CONV-DTX, and combination (CONV-DTX+METRO-TOPO) therapy and cell cytotoxicity and caspase3/7 levels assessed A) Cytotoxicity profiling by MTT showed combination (CONV-DTX+METRO-TOPO) reduces cell survival compared with other treatments CONV-TOPO>CONV-DTX>METRO-TOPO B) AR-mCRPC- PC-3M showed combination (CONV-DTX+METRO-TOPO) reduces levels the most of apoptosis compared to other treatments (*p<0.05).
Supplementary Figure 7 from Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Mitra Ghosh Taraswi , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , Yadav Jyoti , Akinpelu Ayuba , Alnaim Ahmed , Kumar Harish , Waliagha Razan , Church Bird Allison E. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Mishra Amarjit , Yates Clayton C. , Mitra Amit K. , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Fig. 7 shows Single-Cell transcriptomics; Identifies epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker TGFB1 in ARLow/mCRPC/NEPC (PC-3 spheroid CONT-No treatment vs, extended exposure-EE and conventional exposure-CONV). Result showed TGFB1 expression decreases after EE compared to CONV treatment, which indicated EE moderated stemness in ARLow/mCRPC/NEPC. Single-cell RNA sequencing used the droplet sequencing method (10X Genomics). Each dot represents a single cell. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) plots showing the comparison between the single-cell clusters as shown.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Mitra Ghosh Taraswi , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , Yadav Jyoti , Akinpelu Ayuba , Alnaim Ahmed , Kumar Harish , Waliagha Razan , Church Bird Allison E. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Mishra Amarjit , Yates Clayton C. , Mitra Amit K. , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Fig. 4 shows Differentially Expressed Gene Signature (DEGs) based on next-gene sequencing (mRNA sequencing) and single cell RNA sequencing for all PCa cell lines. Differentially expressed gene Signature was identified among DEGs for RNS seq and scRNAseq.
FIGURE 4 from Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Mitra Ghosh Taraswi , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , Yadav Jyoti , Akinpelu Ayuba , Alnaim Ahmed , Kumar Harish , Waliagha Razan , Church Bird Allison E. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Mishra Amarjit , Yates Clayton C. , Mitra Amit K. , Arnold Robert D.
Published: July 2023

Pretreatment versus posttreatment single-cell transcriptomics and RNA-seq analysis showed extended exposure of metronomic topotecan (EE) downregulates signatures of EMT and taxane-resistant markers in ARLow/mCRPC/NEPC prostate cancer tumor model. scRNA-seq using the droplet sequencing method (10X Genomics) was performed on the tumor model (PC-3; 3D spheroid). Each dot represented a single cell. Doublet cells were not included. A, METRO-TOPO treatment effects on subclonal population distribution of ARLow/mCRPC tumor based on EMT markers: t-SNE plots represented the comparison between the single-cell clusters representing control (no drug treatment), 6-week EE-TOPO (extended exposure metronomic TOPO treatment) and 6-week CONV-TOPO treatment. Single-cell population for each treatment well segregated from each other, because they represented differential scRNA expression profiles. B, TOPO-METRO treatment reduces EMT-specific subclonal population distribution in ARLow/mCRPC tumors: Results exhibited nine subclonal populations (clusters) based on scRNA expression profiling in ARLow/mCRPC tumors. Furthermore, 6 weeks of EE-TOPO (extended exposure) reduced subclonal populations (clusters) from nine to six. Clusters two, four, and nine disappeared after 6 weeks of EE-TOPO (extended exposure) treatment, which includes EMT and drug resistance markers (S100A9, ESRP1, ASPM, EPCAM, CLDN7, CDH1, INPP4B, CD70, FN1, CDH11, SERPINE1, ESM1, TOP2A). C, METRO-TOPO treatment reduces EMT markers in ARLow/mCRPC single-cell subclonal populations: t-SNE plots showing the comparison in single-cell clusters among all treatment groups in ARLow/mCRPC/NEPC (PC-3) tumor model. Top EMT and taxane-resistant marker HAS3 expression was downregulated by 6-week EE-TOPO (extended exposure) 54% to 47%, whereas 6-week CONV-TOPO treatment upregulated 54% to 59%. EMT marker TGFB1 showed the same trend (Supplementary Fig. S5). Furthermore, taxane resistance marker FSCN1 expression increased less after 6-week EE compared with CONV-TOPO treatment (69% to71% for EE-TOPO whereas 69% to 84% for CONV-TOPO). D, METRO-TOPO treatment reduces EMT GE in ARLow/mCRPC tumors (RNA-seq): RNA-sequencing analysis showed reduction (downregulation) of top EMT markers (CD55 and HAS3) by 6-week EE-TOPO compared with CONV-TOPO treatment.
Data from LNS8801 inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Doepner Miriam , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Majer Ariana D , Mercado Sophia , Estell Angela , Natale Christopher A , Sung Pamela J , Foskett J. Kevin , Carroll Martin , Ridky Todd W
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor and standard of care chemotherapy is associated with significant toxicity, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent work from our group and others established that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is tumor suppressive in melanoma and other solid tumors. We performed a preliminary screen of human cancer cell lines from multiple malignancies and found that LNS8801, a synthetic pharmacologic agonist of GPER currently in early phase clinical trials, promoted apoptosis in human AML cells. Using human AML cell lines and primary cells, we show that LNS8801 inhibits human AML in preclinical in vitro models, while not affecting normal mononuclear cells. Although GPER is broadly expressed in normal and malignant myeloid cells, this cancer specific LNS8801-induced inhibition appeared to be independent of GPER signaling. LNS8801 induced AML cell death primarily through a caspase dependent apoptosis pathway. This was independent of secreted classical death receptor ligands, and instead required induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathways including IRE1a. These studies demonstrate a novel activity of LNS8801 in AML cells and show that targeting ER stress with LNS8801 may be a useful therapeutic approach for AML.
Stroke Characteristics in a Cohort of Hmong American Patients
Authors: Hussein Haitham M. , Kashyap Bhavani , O'Keefe Lauren , Droegemueller Carol , Othman Sally I. , Yang Mai Kau , Hanson Leah R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Prior studies have indicated high rates of vascular risk factors, but little is known about stroke in Hmong.

Methods and Results

The institutional Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) database was used to identify patients discharged with acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2010 and 2019. Hmong patients were identified using clan names and primary language. Univariate analysis was used to compare Hmong and White patients. A subarachnoid hemorrhage comparison was not conducted because of the small sample size. We identified 128 Hmong patients and 3084 White patients. Hmong patients had more prevalent hemorrhagic stroke (31% versus 15%;
P
<0.0016). In the acute ischemic stroke cohort, compared with White patients, Hmong patients were younger (60±13 versus 71±15 years;
P
<0.0001), presented to the emergency department almost 4 hours later; and had a lower thrombolysis usage rate (6% versus 14%;
P
=0.03496), worse lipid profile, higher hemoglobin A
1C
, similar stroke severity, and less frequent discharge to rehabilitation facilities. The most common ischemic stroke mechanism for Hmong patients was small‐vessel disease. In the intracerebral hemorrhage cohort, Hmong patients were younger (55±13 versus 70±15 years;
P
<0.0001), had higher blood pressure, and had a lower rate of independent ambulation on discharge (9% versus 30%;
P
=0.0041).

Conclusions

Hmong patients with stroke were younger and had poorer risk factor control compared with White patients. There was a significant delay in emergency department arrival and low use of acute therapies among the Hmong acute ischemic stroke cohort. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations, but action is urgently needed to close gaps in primary care and stroke health literacy.
Investigating the Core Parameters to Fabricate V-Shaped Diffraction Grating via MA-P 1215 Positive Photoresist
Authors: Al-Hadeethi Yas , Al-Mujtabi A. , Mahmoud Alaa Y. , Alotaibi Maged F.
Published: July 2023

In this study, the core deposition parameters for the MA-P1215 positive photoresist, namely; spin-coating speed, baking temperature and exposure fluence, have been investigated and optimized using a mask aligner, thermogravimetric and a spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical properties,
specifically, the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k for the films have been calculated via changing the fluence of the energy. The reduction in the thickness of the films with the increase in the spin-coater speed reflects the low viscosity of the MA-P photoresist.
The relation between the weight reduction of the film via baking temperature and time reveals that the optimized baking temperature is 120 °C for 2 min, in which the weight of the film is reduced by 51%. We found that the values of both n and k depend on the exposure fluence.
At small fluence values, both n and k decreased linearly with the increase in the wavelength. However, by increasing the fluence, the values of n and k became like those for silicon wafer, revealing that the developed film was totally removed. The contrast curve
shows a decrease in the film thickness when the fluence of the exposure is increased, and the optimized fluence is found to be 35 mJ/cm2.