bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of A Mobile Platform with Differential Drive for Industrial Applications
Authors: Alexandru Maga Vasile
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the design and development of the CANOE mobile robot, an automated platform designed for transport in controlled industrial environments. The robot utilizes a differential traction system known for its high maneuverability and is powered by two 350W brushless motors, integrated with an advanced suspension system capable of handling minor obstacles up to 20 mm. For precise navigation, the robot is equipped with a SICK TIM 510 LiDAR sensor and a mini-PC running ROS 2 (Humble Hawksbill), an open-source platform that facilitates sensor integration and dynamic control.

Accurate movement is ensured by encoders mounted on both the motorized wheels and independent “dead wheels,” eliminating the effects of slippage. The robust, H-shaped chassis provides stability, while modular PLA panels, produced via 3D printing, protect the internal components and allow for easy assembly and maintenance. Power is supplied by a custom-built battery pack with 18650 cells and a Battery Management System (BMS) that optimizes performance and ensures safe operation.

By incorporating 3D-printed components and open-source software, CANOE offers an affordable and scalable solution that reduces initial and maintenance costs. This modular and automated platform provides a viable alternative for material handling, addressing the challenges of traditional AGV systems and enabling the adoption of automated transport technologies across various industrial sectors.
Making Sense of Sensemaking in Safety Culture Development: A Romanian Company Experience
Authors: Moraru Roland Iosif
Published: December 2024

Safety culture is a topic that has been debated for too little time in Romania. Especially in multinational companies, there are numerous programs implemented in order to develop the safety culture among employees. Since in Romania a framework, a culture, which favors the full understanding of the concept of safety at work is not developed, still, in most companies, the term safety at work is assimilated to the set of cumbersome laws and government decisions, instructions and procedures, inspections, helmet and boots. Romania is at the bottom of the list of countries in terms of the number of occupational accidents with incapacity for work, but it is at the top of the list of countries with the most fatal accidents. A paradox, a reality concealed by economic operators by not reporting work accidents with work incapacity, which means that an investigation of the root causes is not carried out, thus leading to accidents that result in death. Accident reporting shows the maturity of the safety culture. The following article discusses the steps taken by Port Operator CHIMPEX to make the transition from a company based on indicators, systems and profit to a company based on people, in this case during implementing and developing an organizational culture based on leadership.
Sodium Metasilicate-MgO Blend Catalyst for Producing Mono and Diacylglycerol from Palm Kernel Oil Using High Shear Compartment Reactor
Authors: Affandi Arief Rakhman , Millati Ria , Hidayat Chusnul
Published: December 2024

Sodium metasilicate (SMS) tended to agglomerate during glycerolysis reactions in high shear compartment reactors (HSCR), hindering triacylglycerol (TAG) conversion. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the SMS-magnesium oxide (MgO) blend as a heterogeneous catalyst for glycerolysis reactions. Various SMS-MgO ratios (ranging from 2.5:1 to 10.0:1) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that increasing MgO in the blend reduced catalyst basicity and minimized O-Si-O groups and catalyst crystallinity, preventing clumping and increasing catalyst surface area. The SMS-MgO 5.0:1 blend exhibited the smallest pore size (<2 nm) with a surface area of 4.22 m2 . g
–1 and basicity of 11.59 ± 0.115 mmol . g–1. This blend achieved the highest TAG conversion of 53.98%, with a MAG content of 16.86 ± 0.528% when it was performed at 120 °C with an agitator speed of 2,000 rpm for 6 h. Thus, the SMS-MgO 5.0:1 blend shows promise as a heterogeneous catalyst in glycerolysis reaction in HSCR, hindering agglomeration and enhancing surface area.
The Success of the Small Tea Growers of Sittong Evolving Rural Darjeeling into a Model Small-Scale Organic Tea Cultivation Center
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Gurung Diksha , Sarkar Sahadeb , Nandi Sudeshna , Ghosh Arindam , Subba Preeti , Acharyya Sukanya , Saha Sumedha , Chakraborty Sourav , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: December 2024

The present study was focused on organic small tea plantations of Sittong (a village in Darjeeling) mainly due to their sudden rise in the Indian tea industry with a striking tactic i.e., organic tea cultivation. This cumulative survey and laboratorial experiments-based research focuses on the agricultural conversion in Sittong where farmers started to shift from vegetable and grain cultivation to small tea gardens. Soil physicochemical (pH and electric conductivity; organic carbon; organic matter; and available nitrogen content) and microbiological (determination of microbial cell mass and isolation of consortia; antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility test) characteristics were considered to assess the viability of this shifting agriculture practice and cross-verify the reflections of organic farming practices. The survey revealed that farmers have cultivated and rehabilitated the land in an acceptable manner before planting; they carried out the soil nutrient management practices organically. Survey also revealed economic perspectives including prices of their harvested tea leaves. Further, the moisture content analysis revealed its adequacy in the tea garden soils. Organic matter, organic carbon and available nitrogen were measured that reflected very high results compared to the optimum values suggested by the Tea Board of India. Microbial analysis results, as a cross-verifying tool, affirmed their organic farming practice by revealing microbes’ susceptible nature towards antibiotics and antifungals. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the small tea growers in Sittong-3 are well-positioned to produce a high-quality of organic tea. Sittong was found to have potential to promote the rural areas of Darjeeling into an ideal place for small-scale organic tea cultivation, while also serving as an inspiration for small tea growers across the country.
Assessing the Social and Economic Vulnerability of Farmers by Group Categories in Volcano-Prone Disaster Area in Sempu Village, Kediri Regency
Authors: Ayuni Ita Kurata , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati , Sudrajat Sudrajat
Published: December 2024

Agriculture is the main livelihood of residents in Sempu Village, Ngancar District, Kediri Regency. Agriculture in this region has a high level of disaster risk because it is located in the disaster-prone area of Mount Kelud. The potential for damage to agricultural land due to the Kelud volcanic eruption will increase the vulnerability of farmers. Vulnerability assessment is important because one of the efforts to reduce disaster risk is to reduce vulnerability. Vulnerability assessments are often carried out on heterogeneous societal subjects and not based on specific subjects or professions. In fact, farmers are a profession that is more vulnerable than other professions and have various characteristics that can influence vulnerability. Therefore, this research aims to examine socio-economic vulnerability with a greater focus on farmers to find out how vulnerable farmers in Sempu Village are and what characteristics farmers are most vulnerable to. This research uses scoring and weighting methods using AHP (analytical hierarchy process) to analyze data and survey methods to collect data. The results of the vulnerability assessment show that 77% of farmers in Sempu Village have low social vulnerability. As many as 52% of farmers have moderate economic vulnerability, 31% have high economic vulnerability. Elderly farmers in Sempu Village have the highest level of social vulnerability. Farmers who have limited land and loan capital have the highest level of economic vulnerability. Women farmers show higher levels of social and economic vulnerability than all farmers.
The Contribution of Environmental Diplomacy to Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Alrehaili Naif Rashed
Published: December 2024

This study critically examines the contribution of environmental diplomacy in disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasizing its importance in mitigating the impacts of natural hazards exacerbated by climate change. As global environmental challenges increase, the intersection of international diplomatic efforts and DRR becomes essential for promoting resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive analysis of the UNDRR Frameworks, this research investigates how environmental diplomacy contributes to DRR by facilitating international cooperation, enhancing resource allocation, and fostering knowledge dissemination. The study employs an interpretive qualitative inductive methodology, incorporating case studies to identify best practices and challenges in aligning environmental diplomacy with DRR objectives. Findings reveal that robust environmental diplomacy significantly enhances disaster preparedness by promoting cross-border collaboration, accelerating access to climate finance, and integrating local capacities into global frameworks. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of implementation gaps, accessibility to financial resources, and the representation of vulnerable nations in decision-making processes. Key recommendations include strengthening international diplomatic engagements, streamlining climate finance mechanisms, and promoting regional cooperation to address shared risks. Additionally, the study advocates for integrating DRR into national development policies, enhancing community-based resilience efforts, and improving monitoring and evaluation systems to track DRR progress. The research concludes that by reinforcing the synergies between environmental diplomacy and DRR, the global community can better address the increasing risks posed by climate-related disasters and build more sustainable, resilient societies
Accounting and The Environment: Literature Review
Authors: Marques Maria da Conceição da Costa
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This article seeks to analyze the interaction between accounting and the environment, investigating how companies can integrate environmental costs and impacts into their accounting practices. Its main objective is to discuss strategies that reconcile environmental sustainability with legal requirements and consumer demands for greater socio-environmental responsibility.
 
Theoretical Framework:  The study is based on the concept of environmental accounting as a branch of socially responsible accounting. Theoretical elements such as the UN Economic-Environmental Accounting System (SEEA) are covered, as well as research on sustainability reports and corporate practices aimed at meeting growing environmental pressures. The literature also explores the historical evolution of the environmental movement and its influence on strategic business management.
 
Method: The research adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on a comprehensive bibliographic review that includes academic publications, books, scientific articles and other relevant sources. It is characterized as an exploratory study, with the purpose of interpreting complex phenomena and assigning meanings to them in the investigated context.
 
Results and discussion:

Results: The study shows that the lack of coding and standardization in environmental accounting makes objective comparison between companies difficult and undermines transparency in recording environmental damage. Furthermore, it highlights that organizations that adopt sustainable practices enjoy competitive advantages, such as improved reputation, reduced costs with fines and access to tax incentives.
Discussion: The importance of including environmental costs (preventive, corrective and reparative) in the financial statements is highlighted, in order to accurately portray operating margins. Initiatives such as ecological audits and obtaining environmental seals are cited as effective tools for aligning business operations with sustainability principles.

 
Research Implications: The work promotes awareness of the relevance of integrating sustainable accounting into business practices, offering theoretical foundations and applicable examples that can support managers and accountants. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to strengthen public policies and greater standardization of accounting standards aimed at sustainability.
 
Originality and Value: The article's unprecedented contribution lies in the synthesis of the relationship between accounting and environmental sustainability, highlighting the role of accounting as a strategic instrument to promote sustainable corporate practices. The research adds value by offering useful insights for academics, managers and policymakers interested in promoting socio-environmental responsibility.
The effects of exercise on vascular responses in rats with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Can Zihni , Ünsal Cengiz
Published: December 2024

Diabetes causes dysfunctions and damages in different tissues over time. It has been known that exercise has beneficial effects on the pathologies associated with diabetes. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate swimming exercise on vascular responses in rats with type 1 diabetes. The groups in the experiment were conducted as diabetes, diabetes exercise, exercise, and control. Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally given to induce type 1 diabetes. The rats in group diabetes exercise and exercise were subjected to a swimming protocol was applied 5 days a week and 1 hour a day for 4 weeks after streptozotocin injection. The initial and final blood glucose levels and weekly body weights were measured. At the end of the study, in vitro thoracic aorta responses were recorded. A reduction in body weight of rats with type 1 diabetes was determined from week 1 to week 4 (p
Histopathology of gill parasites ın cultured seabream (Sparus Aurata) and seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax)
Authors: Gür Dereli Melike , Özsoy Şule Yurdagül
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to define the gill parasitic diseases and histopathological findings of seabream and seabass, which are frequently cultured in Turkey. The material of the research consists of dead fish samples suspected of disease that came to the Kanyon Akua Veterinary Clinic Disease Diagnosis Laboratory between January 2021 and January 2022. A total of 5,250 fish, including 3,150 seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (D. labrax) and 2,100 seabream (Sparus aurata) (S. aurata), weighing between 2-350 g, were used in the study. After the total length and weight of the samples were measured, they were divided into groups for pathological and parasitological examinations. As a result of the examinations, eight different parasites were detected, which caused intense infestation in sea bream and sea bass fish. Among these disease agents seen in seabass; Diplectanum spp., Cryptocaryon spp., Amyloodinium spp., Trichodina spp, Cryptobia spp., Costia spp. Parasites seen in sea bream were; Microcotyle spp., Furnestinia spp., Trichodina spp., Costia spp. The parasites seen in both are; Trichodina spp. and Costia spp. The most common histopathological findings were lamellar edema, necrosis, hemorrhage, telangiectasia, lamellar fusion, spills, infiltration of macrophage, lymphocyte and eosinophilic granulated cells. The most common parasitic agent in the field seabass was Diplectanum spp. and the most common parasitic agent in seabream was Microcotyle spp. The highest mortality (10%) and the most severe histopathological lesions were detected in Amyloodinium spp. The incidence of multiple agents (multi-parasitism) in the cases was higher than the dence of single agents.
Quantitative Evaluation of Limb Conformation in Various Age Cohorts of Thoroughbreds
Authors: Yıldırım İsmail Gökçe , Erden Hasan
Published: December 2024

An ideal horse should possess a limb conformation that enhances athletic capabilities and adjusts to varying loads. The structure of the limbs greatly influences a horse's performance and overall success. The study aimed to identify the limb conformations of Thoroughbreds across various age groups through quantitative assessments. Limb conformation data were captured from the front, left side, and rear of the horse using simultaneous photographs. Simultaneous photography ensured that snapshots of the horse were consistent, with no variations between photographs caused by movement. The limb conformation of 137 Thoroughbred horses was assessed recording measurements of limb length, and angles at ages 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 months. From 6 to 36 months, the heights of withers and croups increased consistently, with the most significant growth occurring within the first 24 months. Forelimb length saw notable increases from 6 to 24 months in both genders, but the growth between 24 and 48 months was not significant. The angle of the front fetlock was straightest in the 6-month-old group, decreasing to mature levels after 12 months. The findings indicate that the croups of horses were higher than their withers across all assessed ages, potentially altering the horse's center of gravity and placing more stress on the forelimbs. The ratio of distal extremity lengths to total leg length increased with age.
Pathomorphological approach on canine sebaceous tumors
Authors: Yücel Tenekeci Gözde , Tunç Arda Selin , Demirtaş Oya Burçin
Published: December 2024

Sebaceous neoplasms are among the most frequently observed skin tumors in dogs. The histological classification of sebaceous glands (including Meibomian glands) is made according to sebocyte and basaloid reserve cell components. In this study aiming to examine sebaceous tumors in detail, 28 biopsies diagnosed with sebaceous neoplasia, including Meibomian gland neoplasia, were examined and diagnosed as adenoma (n:9), epithelioma (n:12), and carcinoma (n:7). Histopathologically; cell ratios (sebaceous/basal), appearance (diffuse/multilobular), presence of ulcers, necrosis, inflammation, pleomorphism and mitosis were evaluated. Ki-67 biomarker was used immunohistochemically to demonstrate cell division. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, it was determined that epitheliomas would rather be classified as low-grade malignancy due to the apparent mitotic activity and should be examined in more detail.
The effect of potassium sorbate on the survival of Brucella melitensis during ripening of Tulum cheese
Authors: Dinçoğlu Ahmet Hulusi , Patır Bahri
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of potassium sorbate on the viability of Brucella melitensis in Tulum cheese, as well as the resulting microbiological and physicochemical changes during ripening. Five groups were formed, with group A serving as the control and group B inoculated with B. melitensis. Groups C, D, and E were also inoculated with B. melitensis and treated with potassium sorbate at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20%, respectively. During the ripening process, the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, fecal streptococci, staphylococci-micrococci, coliforms, and yeasts and molds in the samples varied depending on the amount and presence of sorbate. The presence of potassium sorbate affected B. melitensis at different rates during ripening. The level of B. melitensis was found to be higher in group B compared to groups C, D, and E. There were no significant differences in the acidity of the treatment groups. During ripening, the pH values of the samples with sorbate were lower than those without sorbate. No significant differences in salt amounts and moisture levels were observed between the groups with sorbate and those without sorbate. The addition of definite concentrations of potassium sorbate to the formulation of Tulum cheese revealed a shortened lifespan of B. melitensis and a significant reduction in the number of other harmful microorganisms. This suggests that the use of sorbate in Tulum cheese manufacturing has the potential to improve microbial safety in this type of product.
Investigations of insulin resistance in obese dogs
Authors: Sarikaya Ecenur Esra , Gökçe Halil İbrahim
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate insulin resistance in overweight and obese dogs. Obesity is excessive fat accumulation in the body and is defined as being 30% above the ideal body weight. In the study, a total of 30 dogs were divided into 3 equal groups: ideal weight, overweight and obese. Fasting serum samples were collected and used to measure insulin (INS) and asprosin (ASP) levels using dog-specific ELISA kits. Glucose (GLU) and fructosamine (FRU) were also determined using biochemistry analyzer and Idexx test kits, respectively. HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), HOMA-β% (homeostasis model assessment of β cell function) and insulin-glucose ratio (IGR) were calculated using glucose and insulin values. In the study, ASP (p
The effect of diet composition on the digestibility and fecal excretion of trace minerals in horses
Authors: Karasu Kaya Gülşah , Gümüş Hıdır
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the correlation between dietary intake of these trace minerals and their fecal excretion rates, aiming to enhance our understanding of equine mineral metabolism and improve dietary recommendations. The criteria for selection included healthy horses aged 4 to 14, weighing 400 to 600 kg, with a good body condition score (BCS, 3/5) across 14 yards in the Netherlands. Data on yard type, size, and location, as well as horse demographics (age, sex, breed, weight), were collected. Each horse’s diet was analyzed concerning daily nutritional intake and requirements according to National Research Council (NRC). Fecal samples were randomly collected from stables (n=14) for dietary analysis and stored in three labeled jars. Samples, approximately 200 g each, were frozen at -20°C and later analyzed for cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Among the 14 horses, all were geldings, with one being a cold blood and another a Welsh pony, while the rest were warmbloods. Their median age was 10 years, mean body weight (BW) 506 ± 82.3 kg. Most horses grazed, averaging 8.6 ± 8.5 h/day. All received commercial concentrate feed, with nine also receiving supplements. Energy intakes varied, with ten horses consuming more than required. Trace mineral intake was classified by the NRC; two horses had high Cu intake. Manganese intake exceeded NRC recommendations significantly (618.6 ± 125.1 mg vs. 1403.8 ± 312.7 mg), while Co intake was 2.3 ± 1.6 mg against a requirement of 0.8 ± 0.2 mg. Manganese excretion in feces was highest (459.1 ± 386.4 mg/day), followed by Zn (58.3 ± 46.0 mg), Cu (2.7 ± 3.2 mg), and Co (1.5 ± 0.4 mg). This study emphasizes the need for tailored diets to prevent excess mineral intake in horses, which mainly originates from concentrate feed and supplements. Further research with a larger sample size is necessary for a deeper understanding.
De l’appréciation au rejet. Les contes de fées du Magasin des enfants de Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont en polonais aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Kaczyńska Barbara
Published: December 2024

L’article décrit la réception éditoriale des contes de fées du 'Magasin des enfants' de Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1756) dans la littérature pour enfants polonaise au cours du XVIII et XIXe siècle. Les deux traductions parues pendant cette période-là (en 1768 et 1879) sont analysées dans le contexte du discours de l’époque sur le merveilleux et sur le didactisme dans la littérature pour enfants. La comparaison des stratégies de traduction et de la réponse critique envers les deux éditions permet de cerner les normes dans le système littéraire polonais, dont le changement mena à une rejection finale des contes de Leprince de Beaumont.
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Janie Prokopie
Authors: Gubińska Maria , Jasionowicz Stanisław
Published: December 2024

Wspomnienie o Profesorze Janie Prokopie
Revendiquer en français la culture innue de Mashteuiatsh. L’autre récit sur la naissance de la confédération canadienne dans Kukum de Michel Jean
Authors: Boucher François-Emmanuël
Published: December 2024

La fiction romanesque que Michel Jean développe depuis plus d’une dizaine d’années cherche à produire des brèches dans le discours canadien qui a longtemps idéalisé la naissance du pays dans une historiographie très patriotique. 'Kukum' peut être regardé comme générateur de fissures dans le récit de fondation qui ne tenait, somme toute, qu’en raison d’une forte dose d’aveuglement et d’une méconnaissance généralisée de la nature de l’acte colonial qui acquiert une autre signification dès qu’on focalise sur la question autochtone. Jean cherche à narrer les traumatismes oubliés de ceux qui ont été contraints à être civilisés et à se plier à un mode de vie qui n’était pas le leur. Il fait le récit de ceux qui ont été forcés à entrer de plein fouet, souvent sur la périoded’une seule génération, dans l’uniformité progressive de l’hégémonie culturelle des peuples conquérants. Paradoxe à souligner, qui est longuement commenté dans cet article, la tragédie des Innus de Mashteuiatsh qui est racontée dans 'Kukum' n’est pas narrée en innu-aimun, langue des ancêtres de Michel Jean, mais bien en français, langue du conquérant colonisateur. Michel Jean use de la langue de l’autre pour donner forme à la mémoire de ses ancêtres. Même s’il est justifiable d’y voir là un signe indéniable d’assimilation, c’est bel et bien en raison de la maîtrise de cette langue que cette tragédie devient soudainement audible au vaste nombre. Fait étonnant, l’usage du français ne semble pas entrer en contradiction avec le projet littéraire de Michel Jean, car ce dernier vise d’abord à faire voir un plus grand degré de complexité dans le récit sur les origines du Canada. Les statues se déboussolent, les socles s’érodent et ne laissent entrevoir à la lumière du jour que des catastrophes insoupçonnées, des « histoires d’horreur » comme le relate le narrateur de 'Kukum'.
L’image de la ville dans la littérature belge fin-de-siècle: identité et spécificités d’une littérature francophone
Authors: Farini Claudia
Published: December 2024

La période littéraire entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe siècle est caractérisée en Europe par la diffusion du symbolisme, tant en poésie qu’en prose. À cette époque un nouveau pays, né de décisions politiques qui n’ont pas tenu compte des communautés linguistiques qui le composaient, est en train d’affirmer son indépendance. Dans ce pays qu’est la Belgique, les écrivains de l’époque se sont trouvés face à un dilemme: écrire dans leur langue maternelle, ce qui signifie renoncer à être compris par la majorité de l’Europe, ou s’exprimer en français, afin d’intégrer un monde littéraire qui leur permette d’accéder à la notoriété ? C’est le même choix qu’ont dû faire les écrivains des pays colonisés par la France et qui a donné naissance à toute une littérature francophone aujourd’hui largement reconnue. Cependant, des écrivains belges comme Maeterlinck, Verhaeren, Eekhoud, pour la plupart néerlandophones, ressortissants d’un pays qui n’avait aucun lien avec les phénomènes colonial et postcolonial, ont décidé d’écrire en français. Leur décision rend compte de certaines logiques de diffusion du français dans le monde et qui ne sont pas liées à un schéma de domination politique ou idéologique. De ce fait, ces auteurs ont souvent été assimilés aux écrivains français. Était-ce un choix voulu, le prix à payer pour la notoriété, ou bien un destin incontrôlable ? Peut-on parler d’une spécificité de la littérature belge ? La présente étude met en relief la spécificité des œuvres littéraires belges au prisme de l’analyse de l’image de la ville qui imprègne ces textes.
Identification of Artificial Groundwater Recharge System near Ayyankulam Village of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India Using Electrical and Magnetic Survey
Authors:   Assistant Professor (T), Centre For Geo Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-12, India
Published: December 2024

A geophysical investigation was conducted in Ayyankulam village, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, and India to identify the groundwater flow pattern of a recharge well using the magnetic and electrical resistivity method. Magnetic data (using a proton precession magnetometer) were collected at a gridded point distance of 300 metres around the recharge well, after which the
The Dynamics of the Euphrates River Water Level in Response to Dams: A Study of NDWI Index and Satellite Monitoring Using Advanced Statistical Methods
Authors:   Biology Department, Faculty Of Basic Sciences, Roudehen Islamic Azad University, Iran
Published: December 2024

The construction of 22 dams on the Euphrates has reduced the flow of this river, changed the hydrology and destroyed the ecosystem. In order to understand the effect of extreme management on water, 4 coastal points from the Euphrates catchment area were selected to investigate the dynamics of the water level.
Cofinitely Rationally Closed Weak Supplemented Modules
Authors: Nayef Mahdi Saleh , Fadel Zahraa Abbas
Published: December 2024

The module  is cofinitely rationally closed weak supplemented module (denoted by CRCWS-module) if every cofinite rationally closed submodule of  has weak supplement submodule in . The CRCWS- module is stronger generalize of closed cofinitely weak supplemented modules. In addition, we present a rationally closed weak supplemented modules (denoted by RCWS-module) which is a stronger generalize of closed weak supplemented modules. The relationships of our concepts to other related concepts was discussed and studied, and we give the conditions that make them equivalent were given. And also, we gave the necessary condition that makes the direct sum of RCWS-module (or CRCWS-module) is RCWS-module (CRCWS-module).
Studies of methylated CpG ODN from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in a murine model: Implications for treatment of human allergic disease
Authors: Li Dongmei , Sorkhabi Sharareh , Cruz Idalia , Foley Patricia L. , Bellanti Joseph A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the most effective immunologic form of treatment for patients with atopic allergic diseases commonly used by allergist/immunologists to reduce allergic symptoms by gradually desensitizing the immune system to specific
allergens. Currently, the primary mechanism of AIT emphasizes the crucial role of immune regulation, which involves a shift from a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell response, which promotes allergy, to a T-regulatory (Treg) cell population, which inhibits the allergic inflammatory response through
the production of immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, which play pivotal roles in suppressing the allergic reaction. In a series of previous in vitro and in vivo experiments, we have demonstrated the capacity of synthetic methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine
(CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) moieties as well as methylated genomic DNA ODN motifs from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis to activate Treg cell differentiation in contrast to the unmethylated ODN moiety, which promotes proinflammatory responses driven by Th17-mediated responses.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to continue exploring the reciprocally related effects of methylated and unmethylated forms of DNA motifs from B. longum subspecies infantis on inflammation, specifically focusing on evaluating their capacity to alleviate allergic
symptoms in a murine allergic disease model. Results: We show that methylated CpG moieties (ODNA) inhibit inflammation by stimulating Treg cells whereas unmethylated CpG moieties (ODNB) promote inflammation through Th1/Th17 pathways. Conclusion: Analysis
of our data confirms and extends our previous research on the mechanisms by which methylated and unmethylated forms of DNA motifs influence inflammation. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that methylated CpG moiety (OVA + ODNA) inhibits inflammation by stimulating Treg cells, whereas
unmethylated CpG moiety (OVA + ODNB) promotes inflammation through Th1/Th17 pathways. Consequently, these effects were shown to alleviate or to exacerbate allergic symptoms in a murine model of allergic disease. These results set the stage for future clinical trials and studies in humans to
explore the therapeutic potential of targeting CpG motifs in the treatment of allergic diseases.
Dynamic factors influencing the formation of Russia's image in the perception of German youth
Authors: Mayorov Ilya Evgenyevich
Published: December 2024

The article examines the formation of Russia's external image among the student youth of contemporary Germany. It focuses on the perception of Russia through ten factors, including political and economic aspects, the dialogue of science and culture, historical and socio-cultural contexts, the role of resources, technological cooperation, and others. Special attention is given to the dynamics of perception from the 1990s to the present day, revealing changes in Russia's image linked to historical and social events. The study uniquely compares objective factors shaping the country's image with subjective, personally significant aspects of perception identified among students of German-speaking universities studying the Russian language and Russian history. To achieve the research objectives, methods such as surveys, ranking, analysis, synthesis, and scientific generalization were employed. The survey targeted students of German-speaking universities specializing in Russian language and history to uncover both objective and subjective factors influencing Russia's image. The scientific novelty lies in developing a periodization of changing attitudes toward Russia in the West, based on external and internal events in the country and globally. For the first time, the perception of Russia's image is analyzed dynamically, combining objective factors with subjective aspects significant to students. The results highlight a paradigm shift in perception, shaping a new image of Russia. The study concludes that, despite challenges, there is significant potential to strengthen Russia's positive image, fostering long-term relations between Russia and Germany. This research holds both practical and theoretical significance, offering new perspectives for studying intercultural interactions.
Formulation and Evaluation of Olanzapine Oral Films by 32 Factorial Design
Authors: KR Shankar , A Shaik , KNV Lakshmi , AC Kakarala , MS Moukthik
Published: December 2024

This experiment aimed to create a mouth dissolving film containing Olanzapine and basic adjuvants such as polymers, plasticizers, sweeteners, saliva stimulants, and flavorings were used. Solvent casting method was used created using to create films. HPMC E5 cps gave good thickness to the film. The films produced gave good tensile strength and folding endurance. The augmented formulation (F7) exhibited good mouth feel, folding endurance, immediate drug release, and strong mechanical properties. The F7 exhibited a disintegration time (DT) of 20 seconds and drug release of 99% within 10 minutes. Polynomial equations were derived for DT and percent drug dissolved 10 (PD10) using Design Expert 7 software. Disintegration time (DT) and percent drug dissolved in 10min (PD10) equations developed are as follows. Y1=36.00 +2.50 X1-5.00 X2+0.25X1X2-2.50X2-5X22(DT); Y3=90.75-3.70X1+2.50X2-0.00 X1X2–1.95X2+0.50 X2(PD10m).The positive sign for co-efficient of X1 in Y1 equations designates that as the concentration of HPMC rises, disintegrating time increases. The negative sign for co-efficient of X2 inY1equations indicates that as the enhancement in primojel concentration decreases the disintegrating time . To check the legitimacy of equation F10 was formulated with DT for 25 sec and PD10 for 90.00. The Final DT Values and PD10were found to be 25 sec and 90.64 % indicating the validity of equation. FTIR spectra indicated that API and adjuvants did not interact during the study. Thus Olanzapine mouth dissolving films could be successfully prepared using HPMC E5 and primojel using 32 Factorial Design.
Optimization of Clotrimazole-Loaded Ethyl Cellulose and Natural Gum Facilitated Microsponges: Formulation and Characterization
Authors: AR Thakre , SV Maske , KP Upadhye , DR Chaple
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to optimize Clotrimazole-loaded microsponges using a 42factorial design, incorporating ethyl cellulose and natural gum derived from Onosma Bracteatum leaves. The microsponges were formulated using an emulsion solvent diffusion method, with ethyl cellulose concentration and natural gum concentration as independent variables. DSC and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that clotrimazole has good compatibility with excipients and excellent interactions and stability. Spherical microsponges were seen to have a porous surface using scanning electron microscopy. The optimized formulation demonstrated a particle size of 74.55 ± 1.07 μm, entrapment efficiency of 62.52 ± 1.84 %, and % yield of 52.63 ± 1.13. A design of experiments (DOE) approach identified significant model terms, enabling predictive optimization through mathematical models and visual analysis via contour and 3D plots. The optimized microsponges demonstrated extended drug release, achieving 86.44% release over 10 hours with gum incorporation, compared to 76.85% without gum. This sustained release was attributed to non-collapsible structural formations. These findings underscore the potential of clotrimazole-loaded microsponges as an effective platform for sustained drug delivery. This research highlights the potential of combining ethyl cellulose and natural gum in microsponge formulation for enhanced drug delivery of Clotrimazole, offering a promising approach for topical antifungal therapy.
Recent Advances in Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations and Applications
Authors: SM Sonwane , RG Ingle
Published: December 2024

The drug delivery systems of hydrogels presented themselves with a very versatile platform by virtue of their capability for encapsulating therapeutic agents and controlled release. Recent efforts limiting hydrogel-based drug delivery aim at developing systems more responsive toward a change in external stimuli like pH, temperature, or light for targeted and on-demand drug release. Recent advances in polymer chemistry have fabricated hydrogels with improved biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and degradation profiles, thereby yielding a wide range of biomedical applications. Moreover, the combination of nanotechnology with hydrogels has rendered new opportunities not only for drugs but also for the delivery of complex drugs such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids, which are difficult to administer by traditional drug delivery methods. These novel systems are being explored also for localized and sustained drug delivery, especially in cancer therapy and wound healing, and in tissue engineering. The flexibility of the hydrogels for different routes of administration, namely, injectable formulations and implantable devices, underlines further their potential for application as next-generation drug delivery vehicles. More ongoing research is done in optimizing the drug loading efficiency, release kinetics, and targeting capabilities of the hydrogel system, while increasing therapeutic outcomes and limiting side effects. This review reflects recent trends within hydrogel-based drug delivery but focuses on the role in personalized medicine.
Optimizing Poorly Soluble Drugs: Advances in Mesoporous Silica-Based Formulations
Authors: DH Patil , SG Talele , VR Nagare , PT Deore
Published: December 2024

The challenge of improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs has become increasingly critical in oral drug delivery, where low bioavailability can limit therapeutic effectiveness. Mesoporous silica materials (MSMs), with their high surface area, tuneable pore sizes, and biocompatibility, have emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing drug dissolution rates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MSMs, particularly focusing on commercially available variants, and their application in formulating amorphous solid dispersions for solubility enhancement. We discuss various drug-loading techniques, including solvent-based and non-solvent-based methods, highlighting their impact on drug stability, amorphization, and release profiles. The review also addresses key factors influencing drug release from MSMs, such as particle characteristics and environmental conditions, alongside successful case studies demonstrating improved bioavailability. Despite the promising results, challenges in scaling up MSM-based formulations for industrial production remain. Future directions in MSM technology development and regulatory considerations are explored, emphasizing the potential of these materials in revolutionizing drug delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs.
Prolonged and Regulated Drug Delivery Mechanisms
Authors: G Sravali , CSP Kumar
Published: December 2024

Prolonged and regulated drug delivery mechanisms (PRDDM) have transformed pharmacotherapy by improving therapeutic effectiveness while reducing adverse effects. These advanced formulations are specifically designed to dispense active pharmaceutical ingredients at a controlled rate, ensuring a lasting therapeutic effect and maintaining drug levels within the optimal therapeutic range. Prolonged release mechanisms are developed to administer medication consistently over a prolonged duration, minimizing the need for frequent dosing and enhancing adherence to treat. On other hand, prolonged release mechanism (PRM) systems deliver a more accurate and consistent release profile, facilitating personalized drug administration according to individual patient requirements. To achieve PRDDM, various strategies are employed, including the incorporation of biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, and osmotic systems. The formulation elements can be customized to regulate drug release rates using processes like diffusion, breakdown/ osmotic. Additionally, progress in nanotechnology and 3D printing has opened new avenues for developing innovative drug delivery mechanisms.However, despite the many benefits, challenges like formulation stability, scalability manufacturing, and regulatory compliance remain significant issues that require attention. In summary, PRDDM signify notable progress in contemporary medicine, leading to better patient outcomes and enhanced therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research and innovation in this area are crucial to addressing current challenges and unlocking the full potential of cutting-edge drug delivery mechanisms.
Prescription Pattern of Drugs used in Urinary Tract Infection in Reproductive Age Group Women
Authors: G R Patil , S K Varma
Published: December 2024

Likely bacterial illnesses, infection of the Urinary tract (UTIs) are more likely in women who are fertile. An overview of UTIs is given in the introduction, with special attention to their relevance, symptoms, and the necessity of receiving the right care to prevent complications. It talks about the main antibiotic treatment strategy and emphasizes the significance of using antibiotics sensibly in order to avoid antibiotic resistance. It also discusses non-pharmacological management techniques and the possible application of herbal medicine for managing infections of the urinary tract. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prescription patterns, adverse effects, non-pharmacological therapy, and future directions of infection of the Urinary tracts in women of reproductive age are described in the techniques section. The information-gathering sources-such as studies, clinical guidelines, and expert opinions-are covered in this section. A methodology for evaluating and compiling the information on UTIs in females that are able to procreate is given in the techniques section. The main conclusions regarding Infection of the Urinary tract (UTIs) in women who are in the age range of reproductive years. are shown in the results section. It covers the following topics: prescription patterns, side effects, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy tactics, diagnosis techniques, pathophysiology, common bacterial agents, risk factors, prevalence of UTIs, and possible future directions. An extensive review of current knowledge regarding UTIs in this population is given in this section. The abstract concludes by summarizing the key ideas covered in the sections on the introduction, methods, and results. It highlights the relevance of infection of the Urinary tract (UTIs) among females who are capable of bearing children, the efficacy of antibiotics as a treatment, the necessity of appropriate prescribing practices, and the possible use of herbal medicine as a supplemental or alternative treatment. The relevance of holistic methods to UTI prevention and treatment is emphasized in the conclusion, which also emphasizes the necessity for further investigation to fully understand the safety and efficacy of herbal therapy in UTI management.
Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Potential Route To Treat Migraine
Authors: S Morris , A Badola , N Nainwal , PK Ghalwan , P Soni
Published: December 2024

Migraine is a complex neurological disease. Migraine headaches described as vascular headaches cause a throbbing and pulsating pain around the head. A migraine attack involves stimulating the sympathetic nerve system, and increased sympathetic activity leads to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Therefore, treatment of migraine requires immediate onset of action of the drug to give fast relief from the pain. Absorption of drugs directly through the oral cavity is one of the efficient ways of treating various diseases. The oral cavity has low enzymatic activity, ease of access for patients to receive and administer medication, and high vascularization and permeability allowing pharmacological compounds to reach the bloodstream immediately. Oral Transmucosal formulations such as mouth-dissolving strips, buccal tablets, buccal patches, and bioadhesive films, sublingual formulations, soft palatable films provide better bioavailability and tackle the main drawbacks of oral therapy, including hepatic biotransformation, varying drug absorption across the gastrointestinal system, and enzymatic degradation. The effects of these formulations might be both systemic and localized. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to discuss the causes, types, and treatment of migraine. The role of Oral Transmucosal formulations in the prepared for the treatment of migraine.
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Investigations of Asparagus curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb: Ethnomedicinal Species of the Lower Himalayas
Authors: AS Negi , V Ram , A Kumar
Published: December 2024

Asparagus curillus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., a lesser-known yet therapeutically significant ethnomedicinal species of the Lower Himalayas, holds substantial potential for pharmacological applications. Current study aims to explore the pharmacognostic, phyto-chemical and anti-oxidant properties of A. curillus to validate its traditional uses and uncover new therapeutic potentials. The pharmacognostic evaluation involved detailed examination of the anatomical (histological) characteristics of the roots, providing essential diagnostic features for its identificastion and quality control. Phyto-chemical investigation shown the presence of various bioactive phyto-constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which are recognized for their therapeutic properties. The antioxidant activity was assessed using standard assays, confirming the plant’s capacity to neutralize free radicals, thus supporting its use in managing oxidative stress-related conditions and induced disorders. The findings of present investigation contribute to the developing form of evidence on A. curillus and underscore its significance as a valuable resource for developing novel therapeutic agents.