bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensile Behaviour of Jute and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites
Authors: Surappa S , Chandra Shekar K , Kumar Shiva , Radhika M
Published: February 2021

The fabrication of composites using synthetic fibers such as carbon, glass, aramid, etc is expensive because of higher cost of individual fibers. This requires alternative materials development with less production cost. Naturally available jute and bamboo fiber were used as reinforcement in this present work. Natural fibers are inexpensive as compared to synthetic fibers and has emerged as a renewable and cheaper substitute to synthetic materials such as glass, carbon and aramid, which are used as reinforcements. In this work, the objective was to develop, investigate and analyze the tensile behavior of a composite material using bamboo fiber and jute fiber sandwich type composite. The results were studied and compared with the composite of bamboo fiber with epoxy resin. The experimental results shows that hybrid composites is having significantly greater values as compared to monolithic composites. The primary objective of the present work is to find out the effect of jute fiber on tensile properties of jute and bamboo reinforced hybrid composite.
Transient Thermal Analysis of Tungsten Carbide and Hafnium Carbide Disc Brake Rotor
Authors: RAJAPPAN R , GOKULAKRISHNAN J , GURUNATHAN G , CHANDRASEKAR K
Published: February 2021

Disc brakes are used in vehicles to slow down or stop the angular and linear velocity of the wheels that uses calipers to squish a set of two similar pads versus the disc. During this process, the disc or rotor gets heated up due to friction from the pads. Frequent braking will cause abundant heating of the disc or rotor. Therefore, it is crucial in quick dissipation of heat from the rotor disc. Keeping this in mind, a comparison between the different materials is modelled in Creo parametric and it is analyzed in ANSYS 2019 R3, in this paper transient analysis of Cast Iron,Tungsten carbide and Hafnium carbide is modelled and analyzed using Creo and ANSYS 2019 R3 respectively. The best among them is selected as a material for the disc rotor.
Development of Robot Navigation System
Authors: Ajay Kumar B. , Sirisha K. , Uday Kumar Dr.R.
Published: February 2021

The development of a new indoor mobile robots navigation method is one of the emerging areas in the engineering field. The robot device consists of a tag sensor RFID, a laser range detector and a handheld platform and ultrasonic sensors. Mobile robot navigation systems are important for ensuring a more reliable and precise protection and stability of human robot activity. The device needs to be developed using the latest RFID technologies to reduce the expense and precision of current navigation systems containing more sensors to achieve the necessary characteristics. The labels have novel distinguishing pieces of proof inside the recollections, and the recollections might be perused from a few meters away. RFID labels are used as a landmark for the global route plans and as course guidance to a target, the topological relationship map showing the correlation of distributed tags to the environment is used. The robot runs automatically through range data for scanned to locate a mark, after returns to movement after next through charts of topological. A precise means of estimating the position depends on the points of interest. Windows, ventilators, walls are needed for landmarks for buildings. A topological chart with nodes that fit the moments issued for navigation. Navigation can be studied through nodes for charts of topological and ultrasonic sensor is often used where an obstruction is sensed where turning left or right.
Enhancing the existing 3 ton electrical overhead travelling crane rope drum by adopting reverse engineering
Authors: Jayakiran Reddy E , Bala Raju A , Bhanodaya Kiran Babu N
Published: February 2021

In the process of improving the performance of the electrical overhead travelling crane drum, industries adopt various approaches. Reverse engineering approach is one of them. This approach was adopted to enhance the performance of the electrical overhead travelling crane drum shaft. The shape and size of the shaft were modified to meet the industry requirements. To improve the shaft loading capacity, life and efficiency, the proposed shaft is modified by replacing the spline with modified spline.
Design and Analysis of Modified Base Frame of a Cone Crusher
Authors: karthik Kumar Ch , Purushotham A , Sudesh Kumar M
Published: February 2021

Crushing is the process of reducing the size of ore into definite smaller sizes. Cone crusher is a size reduction mechanical equipment which crushes the large sized limestone and dolomite particles by squeezing it between gyrating spindles. Crusher must be mounted on a frame to be coupled with the motor drive. A base frame is designed in such a way that it acts as a platform for motor and cone crusher. As the motor and cone crusher performs its operations at higher frequencies, the base frame tends to fail because of the mechanical vibrations of system and larger torques induced in the mechanism between cone crusher and base frame. Failure of base frame is prevented by using the better I-Section beams whose strength and rigidity is high. Compensators absorbs the vibrations and helps the system to attain equilibrium. A set of compensators are placed all along the I-Section. These compensators are grounded using mechanical fasteners. In the course of this research it is observed that beam has a larger tendency of failure at certain cross sections. Stiffeners could be inserted at those locations for the better rigidity, support and strength of the entire structure. Modelling and Analysis is done individually to motor frame, crusher frame and on the entire assembly. An optimum system frequency was used, for the assembly to be at equilibrium in the dynamic conditions.
Design optimization of Airless Tyre - Numerical Approach
Authors: Sanjeev kumar R. , Vetrivel kumar K. , Ramakrishnan T
Published: February 2021

The airless tire is a solitary unit supplanting the pneumatic tire, haggle get together. It replaces all the segments of a normal outspread tire and is included an inflexible center point, associated with a shear band by methods for adaptable, deformable polyurethane spokes and a track band, all working as a solitary unit. An airless tire is a singular unit overriding the pneumatic tire, in getting get together. The problem in the pneumatic tyre is life of the tyre is less, danger of explosion, maintenance cost is high, pressure monitoring is required. It replaces all of the fragments of an ordinary extended tire and is contained an unyielding focus point, related with a shear band by strategies for versatile, deformable polyurethane spokes and a track band, all filling in as a singular unit. In this paper, air less tire model is presented with a substitution of common elastic materials instead of engineered elastic in track and polyester instead of nylon in body. The development and material investigation of different kinds of air less tire is finished by contrasting and pneumatic tire. The design of the Airless tyres structures is done in solidworks. A concise underlying investigation has been done on spokes of airless tire and broke down by ANSYS programming. Investigation has been completed on different structures like Spokes, triangular and custom structure of circular and Hexagon with an applied load of 1000N. Correlation study has been completed among different structures with various materials and it study shows that tire with round structure with engineered materials gives less twisting contrasted with other structure.
Structural Health Monitoring and Life Optimization of an Oleo Strut
Authors: Suresh P , Antony Samuel Prabu G , Ayesha Khan M
Published: February 2021

The landing gear is one of the most complicated system of the aircraft, comprising of structural members, hydraulics, energy absorption components, brakes, wheels and tires.It is a unique sub system of an undercarriage in an aircraft which is actuated to land the airframe without any damage. One of the critical parts of landing gear is oleo strut or shock strut.A type of hydro-pneumatic (oil and air) component in an aircraft landing gear system that absorbs the landing shock. In the current investigation, an attempt is made to conduct a static structural analysis by establishing design data of an aircraft landing gear oleo strut and analyse its dynamic characteristics and fatigue life using Ansys 14.5. The computed results are validated for different materials and endurance limit. It is found that Al-7178(Aluminium) has maximum number of life cycles for an applied load condition when compared to Ti-6Al-4V and Al-7178(Aluminium) has high factor of safety.
Design and fabrication of multitasking transit robot'
Authors: Pratheep V G , Tamilarasi T , Dhileephan K , Antony Alwin J , Heeraj A , Akash M
Published: February 2021

Technology has blended itself with the everyday life of humans. People aren’t finding greater efficiency despite the field of science and technology has progressed well. Traditionally goods are moved and distributed in and around an industry manually by humans. By using an automated material handling system this problem was reduced to a certain percentage. Even though there is no efficient method to deliver the products directly to the end-user like the patients in the hospitals. So,a robotic system that transports materials all over the workplace has been designed. The serviceability of the system is based on themaster-slave concept. This system can be used in mining operations to carry materials on a rail.To make the design economical, low-cost parts are used which makes it ideal for production on an industrial scale which will aid in many applications like drug delivery systems in hospitals and also material carrying robots in mine.
Evaluation of structural responses of natural fibre reinforced composite plates and pressure vessels
Authors: Vallala Sai Nivedh , Srikanth R , Sreehari VM
Published: February 2021

The present work discusses the bending, buckling and free vibration of natural fibre reinforced composite (NFC) plates initially. Numerical formulation is done based on higher order shear deformation theory and programming in Matlab environment is performed. The results for NFC plates are presented for several parametric variations. Finally, as an application of NFC panels, the cylindrical pressure vessel structure is analysed by considering flax-epoxy as inner laminate layers in combination with carbon-epoxy as outer laminate layers. The deformation and stress values are presented for various load conditions on the NFC pressure vessel.
Study of CI engine performance characteristics by using hibiscus cannabinus biodiesel and its blends
Authors: Shivakumar  , Mahadevappa  , Surappa S , Guru shanker V , Ravula Eshwaraiah
Published: February 2021

The quickly weariness of petroleum products because of the taking off industrialization and vehicles of the world. The excursion for elective fills has had the option to be unavoidable, looking energy of diesel for transportation portion. Biodiesel has transformed into a key source as usage powers for CI engines. Biodiesel gotten from vegetable oils are totally promising alternative fills for diesel engine. The delivered of Hibiscus Cannabinus biodiesel is blended in with diesel fuel like (Hibiscus Cannabinus biodiesel H100%H80%H60%H40%,andH20%.The ignition, execution and outflow qualities will be assessed at variable burdens and consistent evaluated speed 1500rpm, modified weight extent 16.5:1,fixed weight 200 bar and result will be contrasted and diesel fuel.
An experimental investigation on utilizing cassava stalk as biomass sources in a gasifier
Authors: Murugan P C , Navaneethakrishnan P. , Joseph Sekhar S
Published: February 2021

Many researchers focussed on the implementation of renewable energy sources with appropriate energy conversion technologies to replace conventional systems and overcome environmental issues. Among the various technologies used for producing thermal energy from biomasses without serious environmental impact, the thermochemical conversion process is considered as the viable one. Cassava is an important crop that is cultivated in the open region and also as an intercrop annually. A minor portion of the stalk is used as a source for the next cultivation and the major portion is dried and used for household cooking. Hence, in this paper, an experimental study is to be carried out on a cassava stalk and the gasification potential has been investigated. The composition, gas yield, higher heating value, temperature profile, and the efficiency of the gasifier has been studied. The result shows that the HHV and gas composition are 5.83 MJ/Nm3, and compositions of CO, H2, CH4, and CO2 are 20-23%, 10-14%, 2.0-2.7%, and 15-18% respectively. All the observed results are better when the gasifier is operated with equivalence ratio (ER) 0.3. Moreover, the average producer gas yield, CO2/CO ratio, and conversion efficiency are observed as 1.7 Nm3/kg, 0.65, and 78.73% respectively.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Hippe (M30) Biodiesel on Tribological Property of IC Engine New components
Authors: Venkata Sundar Rao K , Shreeprakash B
Published: February 2021

The importance of the alternative fuels is gaining importance as the design change of combustion process is very minimum or negligible. Hence it is apparent that the study of the factors which affecting the performance and the credibility of the engine as well. There are several researches undergoing to study the performance of the engines using alternative fuels. Choosing suitable alternate fuel for diesel engine may play a significant role in reducing surface wear of diesel engine components, and also in saving fuel costs. There are several researches undergoing to study the performance of the engines using alternative fuels. The comparison of the Ra values is done to investigate the surface roughness of the IC Engine new components considered for the study. The duration of the test considered is 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours running of IC Engine. Blend of 70% Diesel + 30% Hippe oil has better lubrication properties exhibited as compared to diesel. The results reveal that Ra value is improved significantly for the fuel blended with Hippe oil. Hence, the blending of the bio fuels not only reduces the emission, but also helps in maintaining the mechanical properties of the components of the engine.
Flow Visualization of Golf Ball in Subsonic Incompressible Flow Regime
Authors: Bhargavi M , Navaneetha K , Guru shanker V
Published: February 2021

Golf ball ideal plan has been considered for over a century. Generally, golf balls move at long-distance and high speed. Dimples golf ball have a fundamental impact by streamlined flow properties and also the flight heading. Streamlined highlights the golf ball where it was still incomplete in the appearance of an essential interior information. In the present paper we designed a golf ball and subsonic in-compressible flow analysis is conducted at a speed of 210 m/s, Now, the golf ball drag coefficient is changed because of change in geometry(dimple). In this paper, the results specify depth ratio of dimple increasing or golf ball roughness of surface can move the change to a lesser Reynold’s number and drag coefficient valve regime increases and also it gives an optimistic linear process between relative roughness and drag coefficient.
Design and analysis of upstream air deflectors for increasing wind-turbine efficiency
Authors: Jyothirmai Y , Shyam S K , Sreehari V M
Published: February 2021

The objective of the present work is to increase the effectiveness of the wind turbine explicitly without changing the design parameters of the existing wind turbines. Deflectors which will deflect the air from outer region into the region where wind turbines harness energy are employed. By doing so the flow gets accelerated and this in turn increases the mass flow rate. This reduces the cut in speed for the wind turbine setup. The present work focuses on simulation for flow over the deflector to study the nature of this setup. The simulation was performed for different angle of deflector and at different velocities and the results are presented. Results highlight the significance of such deflectors in improving entire efficiency of the system.
Perovskite Solar CellDevice Modeling and Performance Based on Resemblancewith Thin Film Inorganic Solar Cells Structure
Authors: Ankaiah Burri , Mandi Rajashekar P
Published: February 2021

The Extraction of photons radiation absorption is the best in the solar energy for photovoltaic cells working operations. In recent years’ research in Perovskite solar cell technologies have been an extremely enchanting. perovskite Organic-inorganic materials are in an expand growth in power conversion efficiency.In laboratory level the materials of Inorganic Perovskite solar cell have been tested but their power conversion efficiency is still finite. This paper work mainly focused to finding absorber layer optimum condition and also to simulate proposed structured perovskite solar cell. For simulations we used SCAPS-1D software simulator. The structure proposed of the solar perovskite cell employs resemblance with supplementary solar inorganic cells like CdTe,Cu (In, Ga) Se2 and CIGS.CH3NH3PbI3-xCl3 is layer absorber preowned as extremely efficacious absorberfor its great attention. The open circuit voltage for a condition is 1.112 V obtain and more than the efficiency value is 25%. The outcome of work, purpose of contacts like forepart and rear has a significant effect on top of the fill factor and efficiency also. By varied the parameter of thickness in layers of divergent bestoutcome has been attained and also shown quantum efficiency (QE) and I-V characteristics.
Influence of Microjets on Flow Development at Supersonic Mach numbers with Sudden Expansion
Authors: Delvi Hamza Afser , Ridwan  , Muneer Rayid , Faheem Mohammed , Khan Sher Afghan
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the control of suddenly expanded flow using four microjets at the base recirculation zone for a diameter ratio of 1.8. Eight Mach numbers are considered for investigations from 1.25 to 3. The NPRs for which the tests were conducted were from 3 to 11. The duct length considered was L = 10D to 1D. This article has shown only selected results when there is significant variation in the duct's flow field; only those cases are considered. For most of the cases, the flow remains identical with and without control. For Mach M = 1.25 to 2.5, the control results in decline in the duct's pressure when the flow is within the reattachment length. Later there is a progressive rise in the duct pressure. However, the trend is reversed at Mach M 3.0. The least duct stretches necessary intended for the stream to continue to relate to the pipe is L = 1D, 2D, and 3D for the study's Mach number. The first section in your paper
Selection of optimal Flax Fiber Reinforced Components for Experimental Investigation by using TOPSIS method
Authors: Amarnath K , Jayanendra Babu K , Satish Kumar M V
Published: February 2021

Composite materials are gaining more attention for its green house effect along with other properties such as light weight with high strength for specific applications by which more number of new scholars researching on developing new natural composite materials to replace the regular manufacturing materials. Natural fiber composites offers high strength to Weight ratio, along with exceptional properties such as high durability, stiffness, damping property etc… By which natural composite materials find various applications in different fields of manufacturing industries. Natural reinforced composites show higher variability of properties which provides the necessity of investigating different properties. Flax fibers are finding an important place in non-traditional reinforcement material for technically advancing products. They are attracting many researchers, because of the scope for improving their properties. Moisture content plays a vital role on impact of mechanical properties & addition of nano-particles to flax fibers reinforce composites also has a promising effect on improvement of properties of composites. In this paper an investigation has been carried out on specimens prepared from various wt% of Flax Fiber to analyze the effect of the wetness on the percentage variation of graphene nano particles on some of the mechanical properties and selecting the best composition of natural reinforced composite by using TOPSIS method, from which it is observed that 1 % of graphene in flax fiber as given the best ranking by utilizing this novel method in natural reinforced material
Modeling and Optimization of Turning Parameters during Machining of AA6061 composite using RSM Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Kumar Vidyanand , Kharub Manjeet , Sinha Animesh
Published: February 2021

CNC machines are currently dominating the machining manufacturing industries. Machining parameters that assume a significant job are shaft speed, feed rate and depth of cut in choosing quality machining. Point of present examination is to locate the ideal turning parameters, and its impact on response during machining of aluminium alloy 6061 with carbide embeds tool. Three process parameters have been adopted to obtain maximum material removal rate and better surface finish using response surface methodology RSM. Box-Behnken with three factors and their level that consists 15 runs has been used for experimentation and analysis purpose. The mathematical model has been made to anticipate the responses against chosen parameters. The 3D plot shows the interaction effect between input parameters and output. Results indicate that feed is the most influential factor for surface roughness and depth of cut have a significant contribution in material removal. Further, optimize the parameters for minimum surface roughness and maximum MRR, the optimum parameters are 1800 rpm spindle speed, 0.15mm/rev feed rate and 1.5mm depth of cut. The experimental results were analyzed utilizing Design Expert 12 solver.
Influence of D/d ratio on stir zone formation and properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA5086 and AA6061 aluminum alloys
Authors: PradeepRamakrishnan N , Balasubramanian V
Published: February 2021

A well-known method known as Friction stir welding (FSW) is used for combining materials that are distinct from each other. In FSW, a profiled spinning shoulder shifts between sheets of the sections that are to be connected. Heat is produced due to the friction between the base and the tool shoulder when the tool is turning along the weld line. In contrast to fusion welding processes, the heat produced is lower. In these works, the effect of macro/microstructures characterization and the tensile characteristics of the dissimilar AA5086 and AA606I aluminum alloys on the ratio of tool shoulder diameter and tool pin diameter (D/d) used in the FSW were explored. This study shows the superior tensile characteristics on welding components in contrast to the counters made of the sealing units made using a tool profile of threaded cylinders, a 1 ° tool tilting angle, tool rotation speed of 1100 rpm, the welding speed of 22 mm/min and the shoulder diameter is 21 mm. Further, the joints fabricated using threaded cylinder tool profile exhibited superior macro structure compared to its counter parts.
Cylindrical grinding - experimental investigation and Taguchi study of process parameters on EN31 and mild steel
Authors: Deva Prasad S. , Vishai S. , Vishwa Sai P. , Bhargav K. , Rohith K.
Published: February 2021

Cylindrical grinding, a secondary machining operation, a finishing operation in the manufacturing industry across the world. The volume of removed material over a given time (MRR) and quality of the surface (Roughness) obtained are the two important characteristics that investigated by researchers with respect to output responses from the process in understanding product quantity and quality. These two output parameters, any machining operation, are primarily important in consumer perspective vis-à-vis manufacturer. In this investigation, experiments are conducted and analyzed to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions/parameters in cylindrical grinding. The outcome of the machining will have a good surface quality by removing maximum material; confirming ovality and cylindricity of the specimen made from EN31 and Mild Steel. Taguchi DOE recommendations are considered in investigating the influence of input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, and depth of cut on machining outcome. Regression module in Minitab is used to apply a linear fit which is a general/simple recommendation for the parameters in order to understand the influence of these parameters on the expected outcome i.e., the maximum volume of material removed and to achieve a better surface finish with a minimum value of deviations in ovality (circularity) and cylindricity of the machined component by conducting experiments on a general-purpose cylindrical grinding machine.
Experimental investigation of different cutting conditions in turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Divya Ch , Suvarna Raju L , Singaravel B
Published: February 2021

Metal cutting or machining is a backbone of manufacturing industries. During metal cutting process heat generated has to be removed with cutting fluid. Commonly used cutting fluid is hydrocarbon oil based but it contributes to environmental imbalance and the ill health of the operator. Solid lubrication is a good alternative to conventional cutting fluid. Turning process is carried out on Inconel 718 in the present work with solid lubricants filled in parallel, perpendicular and cross direction textured cutting inserts. The two solid lubricants used are Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) and Tungsten Disulphide (WS2).Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to perform experiments and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method is used to identify the effect of each process parameter on the output. Solid lubricants are inherently solid as lubricant material but will become smooth due to frictional heat at point of contact. The result uncovered that a persistent film of solid lubricant is formed on the facet of the tool because of the heat produced due to thermal expansion. This film layer may knock down the friction in the machining zone. Among all, perpendicular direction textured cutting inserts have reduced friction and good surface finish is obtained. Compared with MoS2, WS2 has shown better results in terms of surface finish.
Integrated Fuzzy Criteria Evaluation with Metaheuristic Optimization for Green Supplier Selection and Order Allocation
Authors: Niranjan. T , Singaravel B. , Srinivasulu Raju S.
Published: February 2021

In the present growing competitive environment, it’s essential for a company to select the best supplier because company performance not only depends on its internal efforts but also on supplier’s performance. Due to growing environmental issues & increased awareness among public, and stricter environmental laws imposed by the government made the companies consider environmental sustainability matters while selecting suppliers. If in case suppliers have any capacity constraint or any other constraints, then complexity in selecting suppliers who fulfill both company’s demand and standards increases. Information from the literature review and through the opinion of experts, the effort has been made to find essential criteria for the evaluation and at the same time for the selection of a green supplier. For the same an integrated decision-making tool, on the basis of fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy DEMATEL has been presented to show the procedure for the selection of the best supplier. Due to vagueness in human judgment fuzzy concept has been used. A MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) has been proposed which shows how order can be allocated in multiple sourcing environments. Modeling a supply chain network for multi product flow in different demand scenarios and solving the problem using a novel meta-heuristic algorithm like Teacher-learner-based-optimization (TLBO) is the major contribution of this work.
A novel approach on properties of internal curing concrete and impact of salts
Authors: Kastro Kiran V , Karthik Chary T , Jayaram M , Sindhu B
Published: February 2021

The curing process for massive and inaccessible structures is troublesome. To overcome this difficulty and to reduce the evaporation by increasing the performance of mechanical properties, the process of internal curing is the superlative method. This research is aimed to investigate the mechanical and salt properties of Internal Cured Concrete prepared using Polyethylene Gylcol - 600. M25 grade concrete is prepared at various proportions of PEG viz., 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by cement weight. The average maximum compression and flexural strengths were observed at 2% of PEG solution, while the maximum split tension strength was recorded at 1.5% of PEG. NaCl, KCl solutions are used to investigate the influence of salts. The specimens were prepared by utilising the mix that resulted the maximum compressive strength. The specimens are then immersed in both salts for 14 days and the results are evaluated. It was observed that, both the chemicals have shown hostile effect on concrete prepared using PEG-600 solution resulting in deterioration.
Design and Analysis of Coax-Fed U-Slot Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Midasala Vasujadevi , Nagakishore Bhavanam S , suresh kumar K , Sekar M
Published: February 2021

In this paper a multi frequency U-slot patch antenna for wireless applications is presented. The proposed antenna operates at four frequencies of 1.4GHz, 5.3GHz, 6GHz and 6.9GHz with return loss of -19dB, -22.50dB, -21.05dB, -19.37dB respectively. The antenna is designed with Rogers R04232 substrate with dielectric constant of 3.2 and dielectric loss 0.043 with dimensions of 47 × 54 × 1.5 mm3. Coaxial feed technique is used as a feed to the antenna which is having characteristic impedance 50 ohm. The simulation studies were carried out using Ansys HFSS 15.0 Software.
Obstacle detection using embedded platform – An experimental platform
Authors: Kiran Kumar D , Athina Dhanaraju , Shankar V , Reddy Navabharat , Vittal K
Published: February 2021

The research work is about obstacle detection using embedded platform with ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The working principle of the experimental setup is when embedded board powers then ultrasonic sensor starts detecting the objects which is attached with dc servo motor which is also rotating about 180 degrees. When there is a object or motion caused by any object identified in the path of the ultrasonic sensor vision, it detects the particular object and also calculated the distance in cms and direction view. The embedded board used is arduino controller which controls the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor and the software used to show the graphical representation is Processing IDE which calculates the angle, position of the object, length of the object. The application of this project comes where required different fields of navigation, mapping, positioning the object, and tracking with less cost, more efficient and reliable.
A Hybrid Unmanned Arieal Vehicle With A Rover For Disaster Rescue Management Operation
Authors: Oommen Sujo , Nair Aditya Dileep , Mandi Dr. Rajashekar P
Published: February 2021

The present invention proposed in this paper is a multi-role UAV with in-built Rover for Disaster Rescue Management (DRM) operation. As we know, Disaster Rescue operation are very complex, difficult and time consuming. The loss of human life during such operations after a disaster has been an area of concern for various organizations. In places with heavy rainfall and bad weather, DRM operation becomes an uphill task. The proposed invention is a hybrid UAV with an in-built Rover capable of image capturing with live feeds to the remote central station and thermal image capturing capability. The system is built such that, in case of heavy debris and landslide where Rover operation can’t be initiated at starting due to blockage of path for rover to move, the UAV is initiated and the Rover takes over when is clear path is visible. The device is equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System) with sends the location to the central system or remote command Centre whenever the image capturing system detects a heat signature through thermal imaging. In case of GPS failure, the system is developed with secondary back up which drops a sensors marker which the remote unit can track. The system proposed here is developed with an aim of reducing the loss of human life and increase effective DRM operation which reduces the time taken for search and rescue operation.
A Switchable Polarization Slotted WLAN Antenna with DGS for IOT and Medical Applications
Authors: Sreenivasa Rao D. , Govardhani Dr. I.
Published: February 2021

This work a 20 X 35 X 0.8 mm3 rectangular polarization reconfigurable antenna with four slots made at the corners of the patch. These four slots give the appropriate extra modes for circular polarization. Switching between LP and CP can be achieved using a PIN diode which is inserted across an L-shaped slit in the plane of the ground. The designed antenna is optimized and analyzed through simulations. The axial ratio (< 3 dB) bandwidth and impedance bandwidth (< -10 dB) are overlapped from 5.15 to 6.25 GHz (19.3%). The prototype antenna is tested for both states of the diode (forward and reverse bias). The working band covers the wireless local area network (IEEE 802.11a) band (5150 – 5350 MHz, 5725 – 5825 MHz) and HIPERLAN band (5450 – 5725 MHz) and a favorable compromise between simulated and tested outcomes. The omnidirectional radiation diagrams of the antenna are suitable for wireless portable medical devices.
An optimized Energy Cost Analysis using Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm for the autonomous Microgrid
Authors: Sreeramulu Mahesh G. , Gnanatheja Rakesh. V , Dilli Babu G. , Selvaraj P. , Ranjit P.S.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the significance of Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm is proposed for determining the effective cost analysis of power generation with respective to the load demand in microgrids. There are many conventional algorithms are developed in the past to evaluate the cost analysis with system constraints, however, they are complex and time consumed. Also, these algorithms are mainly used for conventional systems and are not suitable for microgrids. To overcome these disadvantages, a simple Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm is used to define the cost analysis effectively. The features of these algorithms are eaisly adapted and incorporated with the objectives of Demand Side Management stratigies in microgrids. In addition, the correlation and an Artificial Bee Colony Optimization technique is proposed between the variables of PV and Wind turbine to obtain the highly accurate power generation samples with respect to the load demands. The analysis of optimization and Fuzzy algorithms are developed using MATLAB Simulation software and the cost analysis are shown for different load variations.
Digitalized Dust Alert System for Asthma Patients and their Care Takers
Authors: Dinesh Kumar N , Uma Madduri
Published: February 2021

Bronchial allergies can be a lifestyle-wide continual disease starting to unusual breathing organ abilities in addition to problem in respiration. Nowadays, persistent coronary heart failure has turn out to be an extreme hassle in fact. This takes place while coronary heart muscular tissue gets weakened, will become prone and in the end interferes with the all-herbal pumping interest of heart. This is slowly influencing an ever-developing population market, culminating in standing up for one of the good sized motives of a hospital life for elderly residents. Asthma remains associated with significant preventable medical complications and mortality. Asthma is a life time chronic disease that leads to anomalous functions and difficulty in breathing. In this work, a complete as well as integrated health care version is defined allowing Chronic Cardiac arrest clients every day accumulates vital warning signs in your own home and in addition sends them the use of Internet of Things (IoT). Internet of things (IoT) is a network based on the physical systems that can be exhibited in the form of typical embedded system including electronic devices such as sensors. The connectivity of the items can make it feasible for those artifacts to alert in addition to amassing data. Self-monitoring allows doctors/physicians and patients to have control over real time monitoring and to provide on-time treatment. Portable monitoring different input sensors like temperature, humidity, heartbeat, air quality are used to measure readings, and audio speakers, LCD display, Raspberry pi, WiFi server are used to monitor patients health and alerting authority person or physicians frequently through IOT Server. The design shows that using sensors and IOT servers on mobile phones, we can have sufficient and real time monitoring of the symptoms of the asthma patients. The real time monitoring by the doctors in combination with smart phones applications for the children and their care takers can prevent some of these deaths in real time.
Fusion of multi representation and multi descriptors for facial expression recognition
Authors: Santosh M , Sharma A
Published: February 2021

Facial Expression Recognition has become vital for efficient Human Computer Interaction. In this paper, we propose effective facial expression recognition approachfor recognizing six basic facial expressions. Our approach consists of three main phases which are: (1) face detection and pre-processing, (2) features extraction and (3) facial expression classification. The face pre-processing phase is performed using the facial landmarks. After the face is aligned and cropped, facial regions of interest (eyes, nose and mouth) are detected. In the features extraction phase, we used Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and the fusion of the two features. For the last step, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to recognize the facial expression. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we used three popular datasets which are The Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+), The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) and Oulu-CASIA NIR-VIS dataset (CASIA), In addition, 10 folds cross-validation scheme is used to evaluate the performance of our approach. Our proposed fusion of multi representations and multi descriptors achieves better or competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The accuracies of our approach are 99.18%, 95.77% and 99.09% for CK+, JAFFE and CASIA, respectively. The results prove the efficiency of our approach although the challenging conditions from one dataset to another.
Linear Scalable Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Rani Poonam , Sharma Avinash
Published: February 2021

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consisting of large number of low cost battery powered Sensor Nodes (SN’s) gaining attention of lot of researchers from past decade. Integration of SN’s with IoT devices results in large number of possible applications. Life of the network relies on the embedded battery & transmission of packets is major consumer of this limited power source. Lot of techniques exist in literature for effective utilization of this power source. This paper proposes a linear data communication scheme which can be scaled up/down as per the requirement of the application. Simulation results proves that scaling the network by increasing/decreasing nodes in same network area doesn’t impacts the lifetime of network, however if size of network is enhanced/shirked, correspondingly network life is also reduced/improved.
A Review of an Early Detection and Quantification of Osteoarthritis Severity in Knee using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Srinivasulu Raju S , Niranjan T , Pandiyan P , Sai Snehitha M
Published: February 2021

The major cause of frailty in older and overweight people is Osteoarthritis. It is a joint illness that generally influences the ligament that could be principally affects the cartilage. Cartilage is a smooth elastic tissue which makes the bones move easily, stabilizes the joint and prevents them from abrading one another. The protective cartilage in Osteoarthritis is ruptured and makes the bones rub one another, inflicting joint stiffness and excessive pain. The current system for the assessment of Osteoarthritis incorporates clinical examination and restorative imaging methods. In this project, by utilizing profound features and medical images we need to recognize and classify OA affected in knee. This can impact on the detection and classification of target area in images and cause of it the irrelevant features could be selected from the medical images. This project will moreover center on dealing the colossal quantity of image information by using high speed computing. This paper also discovers the Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for detection and classification of Osteoarthritis in descriptive and comparative manner. Hence a coordinating discourse of different location strategies, highlight extraction procedures and classification methods regarding Osteoarthritis is worn out in a logical way.
Square metallic tubular sections bonded with high strength carbon fibre sheets under compression
Authors: Sivasankar S , Ponraj Sankar L , Praveen Kumar A , Shunmugasundaram M , Nagarjun J
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the strength and stiffness enhancement of square steel hollow sections wrapped by Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)strips. Main factors used were number of layers and size of the CFRP. Distances between the adjacent strips are kept constant spacing of 40 mm. According to the objective of the study, twelve hollow steel sections are wrapped by carbon fibre strips and two samples are without wrapping is kept reference for comparison. Results confirmed that the strength and stiffness are improved better for carbon fibre wrapped samples compared to unwrapped sample.
Aluminium metal matrix composites and effect of reinforcements – A Review
Authors: Saikrupa Ch. , Chandra Mohan Reddy G , Venkatesh Sriram
Published: February 2021

A composite is a fusion of two or more different material chemically and unsolvable phases; its properties and structural concert are greater the ingredients performing homogeneous phases. ceramics and Metals, as well, can be implanted with particles, to advances their property; these mixtures are known as MMCs. Aluminum alloy compose a significant engineering material generally engaged in the aerospace industries for the production of dissimilar parts and equipments. It is due to its more strength to density fraction that it a sought after MMCs. A variety of processing technique and mechanical properties testing’s available for manufacturing the Aluminium matrix composites. The mutual reinforcement’s effect on Aluminium Metal Matrix composites with individual and multiple particulate reinforcements like Hybrid Metal matrix composites are finding better applications in aerospace industries, automobile industries, underwater, and transportation. In the current situation, a bunch of research activities were on pipe line. This review particularly directs the engineers and researchers towards right reinforcement materials selection especially hybrid composites by their properties in the appropriate field and diverse technique involved in production of metal matrix composites.
Effect of Curing Methods on Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Nandhini P V , Nivethitha M , Mohanraj A , Senthilkumar V
Published: February 2021

In this paper three different curing techniques with variation in compressive strength of medium strength, self-compacted concrete are discussed. To achieve the mix design of medium strength self-compacting concrete initially numbers of trials were carried out. Super plasticizer of 0.7% and an internal curing agent, Superabsorbent Polymer of 0.3% together to the weight of cement were added. Once the mix design was achieved, as per ASTM standard three batches of concrete cubes were casted. Slump flow test was carried out in order to determine workability of self-compacting concrete. Concrete cube cured in a curing tank in the laboratory was taken as first batch. The second batch was cured by the application of an internal curing compound. The third batch was cured by Gunny bag Method. Three cubes were tested for compressive strength, from every batch at 7 days, 28 days and 60 days age of concrete. The split tensile strength of concrete was also considered. Graphs were drawn with analyzed results. So it was concluded that to get improved strength and sustainability of self-compacted concrete in areas with shortage of water, curing compound found to be more effective.
Design and Development of an Automatic Unmanned Railway Level Crossing Gate
Authors: Selvan T. A. , Viswanathan A. , Madhankumar S. , Dhanush Kumar R.
Published: February 2021

In rapidly developing countries like India, Railways are an important mode of transportation among all the people. In the railway sector, the level crossing gate plays a vital role, which should be taken into consideration. But in the level crossing gates, due to poor monitoring by the humans, many accidents are happening day-by-day. So, there is a need to develop technology to solve this issue. This paper deals with the automatic railway gate at the level crossing, which replaces the gates operated by the gatekeepers. By making it in an automatic way, can reduce the time consumption for closing the gate and also reduces human power. Streamlined the working of level crossing gate through a mini prototype model that solves this problem. Here the sensor is placed safely near the level crossing gate, which is kept at a certain distance in the railway track. Whenever the train is fastened in the railway track, the vibrations which are produced during its motion are being sensed by a sensor and it provides the necessary signal pulses to the controller which is kept at the level crossing column setup. Then the controller activates the motor, therefore the gate closes and opens automatically. Visualized the design calculation for making this setup. Hence by implementing this idea, can able to control the accidents in unmanned areas, therefore the precious human life can be saved.
A Brief Review on Effect of Nano fillers on Performance of Composites
Authors: Olayil Reshmi , Arumugaprabu V , Das Oisik , Lenin Anselm W A
Published: February 2021

The utilization of nano materials creates a huge impact on today’s scenario in development of various products. One such type of nano material developing concept is the usage of nano fillers for making composite product. This review briefs about the development of various nano fillers and its types followed by the fabrication of various composite combinations along with various nano fillers also discussed in detail. The addition of these nano fillers as a reinforcement or matrix for the composite making creates a significant impact in the mechanical properties of the composites. Special focus is given in such a way that the nano filler dispersion in which way enhances the mechanical properties. Better bonding between the matrix and reinforcement only improves the property how the nano fillers behave in that aspect also discussed in this review. The dispersion of nano fillers in various polymer matrix composites also presented in the review. Tensile, Flexural and Impact property of the composites decides its usage in various structural applications and this review presents briefly how these properties varying with respect to various nano fillers. Further the nano filler performance on the thermal properties as well as its impact in various sectors such as automobile, biomedical, sports, and aerospace applications etc., also presented in this review paper.