bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quality of pork according to the back fat thickness
Authors: Пинчук  , Pinchuk Viktor , Рябичева  , Ryabicheva Angelina , Стрельцов  , Streltsov Vladimir , Стрельцова  , Streltsova Zoya
Published: November 2013

In the world more than 100 types of crops are cultivated on the fodder purposes, including perennial grasses, corn, fodder and forage crops account, which provides about 70% of the livestock’s necessity. Among the perennial grasses, the leading position, both in areas under crops and the yield, is alfalfa crop, which is grown in 165 countries around the world according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, especially in the countries of Americas (20-25 million hectares). Furthermore, the palatability ratio of green and dry alfalfa is significantly higher, compared to other legumes perennial grasses. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of alfalfa forage production in the modern forage production. This paper presents the current issues of growing alfalfa on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. In our country its acreage needs to be expanded to 350 hectares (40% of the acreage of perennial grasses), because the farming biologization without the inclusion this crop in the field, forage and farms crop rotation is theoretically impossible and not feasible. In order to obtain the high biomass of at least 23 tons per hectare and agriculture biologization on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan we recommend to cultivate alfalfa mixed with awnless rump and meadow fescue in the ratio of 0,70:0,15:0,15. In households with high use of chemicals so that to obtain for more than 36 tons per hectare of green herbage mass in polyspecific grasses, it should prevail crop components (awnless rump and meadow fescue), which are in a leading position, according to the impact on the agro biological properties of the soil of Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Economic and agroenergetic assessment of spring wheat during treatment with Nano-gro at the dark grey forest soils of Nizhniy Novgorod region
Authors: Шашкаров  , Shashkarov Leonid , Воробьева  , Vorobeva Tatyana
Published: November 2013

The criterion of whether to apply a different technological methods in the cultivation of spring wheat is the economic assessment, which characterizes the change in the cost of production and other economic indicators. Today, the most effective cultivation methods of spring wheat are those, which provide higher yields and determine the food security of the population and industrial raw materials. In this regard, our paper considers the issues of economic and agroenergetic efficiency of spring wheat, using Nano-Gro seed treatment formulation instead of the traditional etching, depending on the varietal characteristics of dark gray forest soils of the Nizhniy Novgorod region. The study was carried out on varieties Margarita, Marusya and Sofia. The aim was to determine the economic feasibility of agroenergetic and cultivation of new varieties of spring wheat during treatment with Nano-Gro. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that in a dark gray forest soils of the Volga-Vyatka region the grain production of spring wheat economically is profitable. Seed treatment by Nano-Gro increases the profitability of wheat production in the studied varieties. The maximum net energy yield 41,57-48,42 G joules per hectare were obtained in the cultivation of wheat seed treatment with the Nano- Gro.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE STATE EDUCATIONAL POLICY-MAKING IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ��������  , Yakovyenko Yevgyeniy , ��������  , Koshchanova Gulash
Published: November 2013

Social-economic changes in Russia and Kazakhstan are considered as factors

which put forward the urgent need to bring up professionals with appropriate economic expertise. It is emphasized that this goal is of crucial importance for the future of both nations.

The main challenges to the educational system arisen by the current political economic

and social environment factors, are analyzed. In order to develop educational

policy adequate to the present challenges and the declared goal of modernization in

the socio-economic sphere, the authors introduce the concept of instrumentalizing

the process of upbringing professionalism, cognition and creativity in prospective

specialists based on FGOS for higher vocational education (HVE). It is especially

important that the 3rd generation FGOS for the HVE instead of mastering different

kinds of activities is aimed at building labor/professional skills, knowledge and competences,

adequate to the goal of industrial modernization and also in tune with the

social and economic modernization.
IMPLEMENTING THE NEW FGOS REQUIREMENTS UNDER INFORMATIZATION OF EDUCATION SPHERE
Authors: ������  , Azieva Zhana
Published: November 2013

The paper discusses the issues related to the prospective pedagogues� professional

training for working in the sophisticated information and communications

educational environment.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K.
Published: November 2013

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 43(5), September–October, 2013: Optimization for Industrial Problems, Patrick Bangert; Quantitative Problem Solving Methods in the Airline Industry, Cynthia Barnhart and Barry Smith; Introduction to Probability and Stochastic Processes with Applications, Liliana Blanco Castañeda, Viswanathan Arunachalam, and Selvamuthu Dharmaraja; Humanitarian Logistics: Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Relief Management, Alessandra Cozzolino; Enterprise Analytics: Optimize Performance, Process, and Decisions Through Big Data, Thomas H. Davenport; Automation in Warehouse Development, Roelof Hamberg and Jacques Verriet; Data Processing for the AHP/ANP, Kou Gang, Daji Ergu, Yi Peng, and Yong Shi. Modeling with Stochastic Programming, Alan J. King and Stein W. Wallace.
A Deployed Quantal Response-Based Patrol Planning System for the U.S. Coast Guard
Authors: An Bo , Ordóñez Fernando , Tambe Milind , Shieh Eric , Yang Rong , Baldwin Craig , DiRenzo Joseph , Moretti Kathryn , Maule Ben , Meyer Garrett
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we describe the model, theory developed, and deployment of PROTECT, a game-theoretic system that the United States Coast Guard (USCG) uses to schedule patrols in the Port of Boston. The USCG evaluated PROTECT’s deployment in the Port of Boston as a success and is currently evaluating the system in the Port of New York, with the potential for nationwide deployment. PROTECT is premised on an attacker-defender Stackelberg game model; however, its development and implementation required both theoretical contributions and detailed evaluations. We describe the work required in the deployment, which we group into five key innovations. First, we propose a compact representation of the defender’s strategy space by exploiting equivalence and dominance, to make PROTECT efficient enough to solve real-world sized problems. Second, this system does not assume that adversaries are perfectly rational, a typical assumption in previous game-theoretic models for security. Instead, PROTECT relies on a quantal response (QR) model of the adversary’s behavior. We believe this is the first real-world deployment of a QR model. Third, we develop specialized solution algorithms that can solve this problem for real-world instances and give theoretical guarantees. Fourth, our experimental results illustrate that PROTECT’s QR model handles real-world uncertainties more robustly than a perfect-rationality model. Finally, we present (1) a comparison of human-generated and PROTECT security schedules, and (2) results of an evaluation of PROTECT from an analysis by human mock attackers.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Issa K. , Pivec R. , Kapadia B. H. , Banerjee S. , Mont M. A.
Published: November 2013

Symptomatic hip osteonecrosis is a disabling condition with a poorly understood aetiology and pathogenesis. Numerous treatment options for hip osteonecrosis are described, which include non-operative management and joint preserving procedures, as well as total hip replacement (THR). Non-operative or joint preserving treatment may improve outcomes when an early diagnosis is made before the lesion has become too large or there is radiographic evidence of femoral head collapse. The presence of a crescent sign, femoral head flattening, and acetabular involvement indicate a more advanced-stage disease in which joint preserving options are less effective than THR. Since many patients present after disease progression, primary THR is often the only reliable treatment option available. Prior to the 1990s, outcomes of THR for osteonecrosis were poor. However, according to recent reports and systemic reviews, it is encouraging that with the introduction of newer ceramic and/or highly cross-linked polyethylene bearings as well as highly-porous fixation interfaces, THR appears to be a reliable option in the management of end-stage arthritis following hip osteonecrosis in this historically difficult to treat patient population.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:46–50.
Surface replacement conversion
Authors: Su E. P. , Su S. L.
Published: November 2013

Surface hip replacement (SHR) is generally used in younger, active patients as an alternative conventional total hip replacement in part because of the ability to preserve femoral bone. This major benefit of surface replacement will only hold true if revision procedures of SHRs are found to provide good clinical results.

A retrospective review of SHR revisions between 2007 and 2012 was presented, and the type of revision and aetiologies were recorded. There were 55 SHR revisions, of which 27 were in women. At a mean follow-up of 2.3 years (0.72 to 6.4), the mean post-operative Harris hip score (HHS) was 94.8 (66 to 100). Overall 23 were revised for mechanical reasons, nine for impingement, 13 for metallosis, nine for unexplained pain and one for sepsis. Of the type of revision surgery performed, 14 were femoral-only revisions; four were acetabular-only revisions, and 37 were complete revisions.

We did not find that clinical scores were significantly different between gender or different types of revisions. However, the mean post-operative HHS was significantly lower in patients revised for unexplained pain compared with patients revised for mechanical reasons (86.9 (66 to 100) versus 99 (96 to 100); p = 0.029). There were two re-revisions for infection in the entire cohort.

Based on the overall clinical results, we believe that revision of SHR can have good or excellent results and warrants a continued use of the procedure in selected patients. Close monitoring of these patients facilitates early intervention, as we believe that tissue damage may be related to the duration of an ongoing problem. There should be a low threshold to revise a surface replacement if there is component malposition, rising metal ion levels, or evidence of soft-tissue abnormalities.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:88–91.
Pedagogy of the connected: New media landscapes and the challenges of journalism education
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Idrees
Published: November 2013

This article proposes a dialogical teaching paradigm based on Paulo Freire’s conception of critical pedagogy. It argues that Web 2.0 technologies are uniquely suitable for such an approach. It moves from theory to prescription. It begins with a survey of the current media landscape and state of journalism. In the light of these, it makes a case for an approach to journalism education in which civic function is complemented by technical proficiency. Based on extant scholarship and the author’s experience as a new media practitioner and educator, the article notes the distinctive features of Web 2.0 technologies that make it particularly amenable to such an approach. It focuses on two specific ones – blogs and wikis – to suggest ways in which the learning experience can be enhanced. But it emphasizes that absent the awareness of journalism’s civic function, technical skills may enhance employability, but they won’t bring professional respect. To compete in a saturated field, journalists will have to show both technical facility and civic responsibility.
Education of journalists on ICTs: Issues and opportunities
Authors: Veglis Andreas
Published: November 2013

This article examines the issue of journalism education on Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). More precisely it investigates the issue of teaching ICTs and in particular of updating and extending existing knowledge and skills. The study proposes the adoption of experiential learning for achieving such an educational goal and describes in detail the journalist’s work process. It also discusses the necessary ICT skills that a journalist must process and presents data from surveys conducted among journalism students and professional journalists in Greece. The article purposes the use of Virtual Learning Environments and Learning Portfolios in order to support journalists’ training on ICTs. Finally it offers recommendations for the deployment of an educational programme that will succeed the described goals.
Gaza Burial, World Press Photo 2013: Between ethics and forensics
Authors: dos Santos Silva Miguel Franquet
Published: November 2013

The controversy surrounding the integrity of Paul Hansen’s award winning World Press Photo of the Year 2013 has moved the debate on ethics and digital images into a new and highly sophisticated technical level. There seems to be no consensus among forensic analyst experts on the question of knowing whether the photograph submitted to 2013 competition is composite or not. In this article, we contend that should ethical principles be preserved from drifting into a set of virtually unlimited technical specifications, the framework for designing and thinking ethical guidelines ruling the use of news images should abandon old conventions and find a new ground where to legitimate photojournalism’s social function.
In vivo, in silico: Ark Codex ± 0 and the vital forms of bookwork
Authors: Malčić Steven
Published: November 2013

This article examines a central aspect of bookishness in the digital age, wherein the coexistence of paper codices along with their electronic counterparts fosters the interaction of life and code, as code is the inscription of life, and life the instantiation of code. Ark Codex ± 0 exemplifies this feedback loop. Ark Codex ± 0 traces the development of biological organisms through scientific notation, language and math, all while illustrating a bloody collage of the biblical myth. The Calamari Press, its vanity publisher, situates itself as a codex-maker in a time of digital production by privileging the book form over the digital file, while simultaneously fostering a print culture through digital paratexts, such as videos of the production process, on its website. While you can purchase the book for $40 on the Calamari site, a pdf of Ark Codex ± 0 is also offered at a ‘pay what you want rate’. Ark Codex ± 0 is a remix with multiple channels of distribution, a text you encounter in multiple ways. This article argues that the new environment of print culture elicits not only the act of reading, but an embodied encounter with the text both in vivo and in silico, the vital forms of bookwork in the digital age.
Nonexistence of positive radial solutions for a problem with singular potential
Authors: Catrina Florin
Published: November 2013

This article completes the picture in the study of positive radial solutions in the function space

𝒟

1
,
2

(

ℝ
N

)

∩

L
2

(

ℝ
N

,

|
x
|

-
α

d
x

)

∩

L
p

(

ℝ
N

)

${{\mathcal {D}^{1,2}({\mathbb {R}^N}) \cap L^2({{\mathbb {R}^N}, | x |^{-\alpha } dx})\cap L^p({\mathbb {R}^N})}}$

for the equation

-
Δ
u
+

A

|
x
|

α

u
=

u

p
-
1

in

ℝ
N

∖

{
0
}

with

N
≥
3
,
A
>
0
,
α
>
0
,
p
>
2
.

$- \Delta u + \frac{A}{| x |^\alpha } u = u^{p-1} \quad \mbox{in } {\mathbb {R}^N}\setminus \lbrace 0\rbrace \mbox{ with } N\ge 3, A> 0, \alpha > 0, p>2. $

An energy balance identity is employed to prove nonexistence of such solutions in the last remaining open region in the

(
α
,
p
)

${{(\alpha , p)}}$

plane.
Weighted norm inequalities for Schrödinger type operators
Authors: Tang Lin
Published: November 2013

Let

L
=
-
Δ
+
V

${L=-\Delta +V}$

be a Schrödinger
operator, where Δ is the Laplacian operator on ℝ
n
,
while the nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Hölder
class. In this paper, we establish the weighted norm inequalities
for some Schrödinger type operators, which include Riesz transforms and fractional integrals and their commutators. These results generalize substantially some well-known results.
A Rheological Model for Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) Pulp at Different Concentrations and Temperatures
Authors: Chaves Modesto Antonio , Baptistia Fátima , da Silva Jadir Noqueira , Rodrigues Luciano , Viana Arianne Dantas
Published: November 2013

This work was made aiming at studying the best model for the rheological properties of Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum, Schum) pulps with 14 (in nature), 17, 19, 23 and 25°Brix of total soluble solids (TSS) which were measured at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C temperature using a concentric cylinder rheometer. The results were adjusted to the following nine models: Ostwald-de-Waele (power law), Bingham, Casson, Generalized Casson, Heinz–Casson, Herschel–Bulkley, Mizrahi–Berk, Schulmann–Haroske–Reher and Windhab. The parameters of the best model were correlated with pulp temperature and TSS by polynomial regression analysis and were kept in the regression equation only those parameters that contributed more than 1% to the variation of the independent variable. The results indicate that the rheological behavior of Cupuassu pulp in different concentrations and temperatures can be modeled by the Windhab model, although other models can be used in a narrower band of shear stress.
Regularization of the continuation problem for elliptic equations
Authors: Kabanikhin S. I. , Gasimov Y. S. , Nurseitov D. B. , Shishlenin M. A. , Sholpanbaev B. B. , Kasenov S.
Published: November 2013

We investigate the continuation problem for the elliptic equation. The continuation problem is formulated in operator form . The singular values of the operator A are presented and analyzed for the continuation problem for the Helmholtz equation. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Predatory behavior and kill rate of a female jaguar (Panthera onca) on cattle
Authors: Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz , Cerda Hugo , Viloria Angel , Gamarra Jose Gertrudes , Schmidt Krzysztof
Published: November 2013

Killing behavior and consumption rate are important components that determine the final predation rate. We studied the predatory behavior of a female jaguar with one offspring in Hato Piñero in Venezuelan Los Llanos. Seven carcasses of freshly killed calves were found over a period of 9 days. Automatic video recording was used to document the jaguar’s behavior. Our study revealed a detailed, repetitive sequence of female jaguar behavior while hunting for calves. The sequence started with the female killing a calf by biting through the skull or neck, then she dragged the carcass to concealment, eviscerated it and left it concealed; then, the next evening, the female returned with its cub, fed intermittently for a total time of about 90 min while in the meantime it hunted for new prey. All this sequence seems to have a highly adaptive significance for a female jaguar rearing cubs and utilizing large prey. During the short period of our observations, the estimated kill rate of the female jaguar with one offspring was from 0.67 to 1 calf per day. Proper cattle management is necessary to avoid high losses of calves from predation by jaguars.
Serum levels of bioactive IGF1 and physiological markers of ageing in healthy adults
Authors: Vestergaard Poul Frølund , Hansen Mette , Frystyk Jan , Espelund Ulrick , Christiansen Jens S , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Fisker Sanne
Published: November 2013

Objective

Senescent changes in body composition and muscle strength are accompanied by reduced production of GH and IGF1, but the causal relationship remains elusive. We speculate that serum bioactive IGF1, measured by the IGF1 kinase receptor activation assay, is closer related to human physiological ageing than total IGF1 measured by immunoassay.

Design

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 150 adult males and females, between 20 and 70 years. After an overnight fasting, serum levels of bioactive IGF1, total IGF1 and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and IGFBP3 were assessed. Furthermore, body composition and muscle strength was measured.

Results

Total IGF1 levels were higher in females (P=0.048). Bioactive IGF1 were identical in males and females (P=0.31), decreasing with age. Total IGF1 tended to decrease more with age compared with bioactive IGF1 (−1.48 vs −0.89 percent/year,P=0.052). Total body fat (TBF) was lower and BMI was higher in males (P<0.001 andP=0.005), and both increased with age. Knee extension and elbow flexion force were higher in males (P=0.001 andP=0.001), but decreased with age in both genders.

 Total but not bioactive IGF1 was positively correlated to TBF, knee extension and muscle function in males. In multiple linear regression, only age predicted total IGF1, whereas age and IGFBP1 predicted bioactive IGF1.

Conclusions

Bioactive IGF1 tends to decrease to a lesser extent than total IGF1 with age and was not correlated with measures of body composition or muscle strength. Therefore, levels of circulating bioactive IGF1 does not appear to be a better biomarker of physiological ageing than total IGF1.
Children’s Interstitial Lung Diseases in Early Infancy
Authors: Arzuaga Bonnie H. , Mathai Tina , Khan Owais
Published: November 2013

Children’s interstitial lung disease is a group of relatively rare pulmonary disorders that can present in the neonatal or early infancy periods. A classification scheme was developed in 2007 to aid clinicians and researchers in more accurate recognition and diagnosis. Infants who present with a prolonged oxygen requirement and/or persistent tachypnea may suffer from one of these conditions. Although more widely described afflictions, such as pulmonary hypoplasia or genetic errors of surfactant metabolism, may be considered in the differential diagnosis of these symptoms, a few of the remaining disorders have been only recently described, making them important entities to become familiar with in contemporary medical practice. This article describes the lesser-known conditions that have the potential to cause significant pulmonary disease in infancy.
Home Visiting and the Biology of Toxic Stress: Opportunities to Address Early Childhood Adversity
Authors: Garner Andrew S.
Published: November 2013

Home visiting is an important mechanism for minimizing the lifelong effects of early childhood adversity. To do so, it must be informed by the biology of early brain and child development. Advances in neuroscience, epigenetics, and the physiology of stress are revealing the biological mechanisms underlying well-established associations between early childhood adversity and suboptimal life-course trajectories. Left unchecked, mediators of physiologic stress become toxic, alter both genome and brain, and lead to a vicious cycle of chronic stress. This so-called “toxic stress” results a wide array of behavioral attempts to blunt the stress response, a process known as “behavioral allostasis.” Although behaviors like smoking, overeating, promiscuity, and substance abuse decrease stress transiently, over time they become maladaptive and result in the unhealthy lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases that are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The biology of toxic stress and the concept of behavioral allostasis shed new light on the developmental origins of lifelong disease and highlight opportunities for early intervention and prevention. Future efforts to minimize the effects of childhood adversity should focus on expanding the capacity of caregivers and communities to promote (1) the safe, stable, and nurturing relationships that buffer toxic stress, and (2) the rudimentary but foundational social-emotional, language, and cognitive skills needed to develop healthy, adaptive coping skills. Building these critical caregiver and community capacities will require a public health approach with unprecedented levels of collaboration and coordination between the healthcare, childcare, early education, early intervention, and home visiting sectors.
Dosage Effect of Prenatal Home Visiting on Pregnancy Outcomes in At-Risk, First-Time Mothers
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Hall Eric S. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen K. , Kahn Robert S. , Short Jodie A. , Van Ginkel Judith B. , Ammerman Robert T.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Home visiting programs seek to improve care management for women at high risk for preterm birth (<37 weeks). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of home visiting dosage on preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) infants.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of women in southwest Ohio with a singleton pregnancy enrolled in home visiting before 26 weeks’ gestation. Vital statistics and hospital discharge data were linked with home visiting data from 2007 to 2010 to ascertain birth outcomes. Eligibility for home visiting required ≥1 of 4 risk factors: unmarried, low income, <18 years of age, or suboptimal prenatal care. Logistic regression tested the association of gestational age at enrollment and number of home visits before 26 weeks with preterm birth. Proportional hazards analysis tested the association of total number of home visits with SGA status.

RESULTS:

Among 441 participants enrolled by 26 weeks, 10.9% delivered preterm; 17.9% of infants were born SGA. Mean gestational age at enrollment was 18.9 weeks; mean number of prenatal home visits was 8.2. In multivariable regression, ≥8 completed visits by 26 weeks compared with ≤3 visits was associated with an odds ratio 0.38 for preterm birth (95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.87), while having ≥12 total home visits compared with ≤3 visits was significantly associated with a hazards ratio 0.32 for SGA (95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.68).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among at-risk, first time mothers enrolled prenatally in home visiting, higher dosage of intervention is associated with reduced likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The Impact of a Home Visiting Program on Children’s Utilization of Dental Services
Authors: Brickhouse Tegwyn H. , Haldiman Robin R. , Evani Bhanu
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:

Child Health Investment Partnership (CHIP) of Roanoke Valley is a home visiting program that promotes children’s health and family self-sufficiency. CHIP’s Begin With a Grin program provides preventive dental services in the home (oral health anticipatory guidance and fluoride varnish) for children aged 0 to 6 years. The purpose of this study was to compare the dental utilization of Medicaid-enrolled children in CHIP versus Medicaid-enrolled children not in CHIP.

METHODS:

Using the propensity score method, control subjects were selected from the statewide Medicaid database by using a caliper-matching algorithm. A vector of chosen covariates was used to match control subjects; these covariates included risk factors, estimated propensity score, age, race, gender, and days of Medicaid eligibility. Propensity scores were developed by using a logistic regression. Differences in dental utilization outcomes were tested: ≥1 dental claim (logistic regression) and number of dental claims (Poisson regression) for each subject within the test period.

RESULTS:

When CHIP children were compared with Medicaid-only children, the CHIP child was 3 times more likely to have at least 1 dental visit (odds ratio: 3.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.9–4.7]) and have a higher number of dental claims (ratio of estimated average number of dental claims [cases/control]: 8.60/3.05 = 2.82 [95% confidence interval: 2.56–3.12]).

CONCLUSIONS:

A home visiting model can introduce children and their families to dental prevention, improve dental health literacy, establish a dental home, and provide application of fluoride varnish.
The MOM Program: Home Visiting in Partnership With Pediatric Care
Authors: Radcliffe Jerilynn , Schwarz Donald , Zhao Huaqing
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:

Home visiting programs aim to improve child health, reduce developmental risks, and enhance use of community resources. How these programs can work in collaboration with pediatric practice has been understudied. The MOM Program was a randomized controlled trial of an innovative home visiting program to serve urban, low-income children. Program aims included promoting child health through regular pediatric visits and enhancing school readiness through developmental screenings and referrals to early intervention. The objective of this report was to describe the partnership with the pediatric community and selected program results.

METHODS:

A total of 302 mothers were enrolled in the program at the time of children’s birth. Eligible infants were full-term, without identified neurologic/genetic disorder or ICU intervention, and from high-poverty zip codes. A total of 152 were randomized to the home visiting program, with 9 visits over 3 years, scheduled before well-child visits; 150 were randomized to the control condition with no home visits. Medical records and case notes provided information on pediatric appointments kept and program outcomes.

RESULTS:

Eighty-nine percent of both groups were retained throughout the 3-year program; 86% of the home-visited group received at least 7 of the 9 planned home visits. Home-visited mothers were >10 times as likely to keep pediatric appointments, compared with those not visited. Barriers to service access were varied, and theory-driven approaches were taken to address these.

CONCLUSIONS:

Home visiting programs can provide important partnerships with pediatric health care providers. Integrating home visiting services with pediatric care can enhance child health, and this subject warrants expansion.
Breastfeeding and Complementary Food: Randomized Trial of Community Doula Home Visiting
Authors: Edwards Renee C. , Thullen Matthew J. , Korfmacher Jon , Lantos John D. , Henson Linda G. , Hans Sydney L.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVES:

Despite recent efforts to increase breastfeeding, young African American mothers continue to breastfeed at low rates, and commonly introduce complementary foods earlier than recommended. This study examines the effects of a community doula home visiting intervention on infant feeding practices among young mothers.

METHODS:

Low-income, African American mothers (n = 248) under age 22 years participated in a randomized trial of a community doula intervention. Intervention-group mothers received services from paraprofessional doulas: specialized home visitors trained as childbirth educators and lactation counselors. Doulas provided home visits from pregnancy through 3 months postpartum, and support during childbirth. Control-group mothers received usual prenatal care. Data were obtained from medical records and maternal interviews at birth and 4 months postpartum.

RESULTS:

Intent-to-treat analyses showed that doula-group mothers attempted breastfeeding at a higher rate than control-group mothers (64% vs 50%; P = .02) and were more likely to breastfeed longer than 6 weeks (29% vs 17%; P = .04), although few mothers still breastfed at 4 months. The intervention also impacted mothers’ cereal/solid food introduction (P = .008): fewer doula-group mothers introduced complementary foods before 6 weeks of age (6% vs 18%), while more waited until at least 4 months (21% vs 13%) compared with control-group mothers.

CONCLUSIONS:

Community doulas may be effective in helping young mothers meet breastfeeding and healthy feeding guidelines. The intervention’s success may lie in the relationship that develops between doula and mother based on shared cultural background and months of prenatal home visiting, and the doula’s presence at the birth, where she supports early breastfeeding experiences.
Alternativas para um produto cárneo mais saudável: uma revisão
Authors: Oliveira Débora Francielly de , Coelho Alexandre Rodrigo , Burgardt Vânia de Cássia da Fonseca , Hashimoto Elisabete Hiromi , Lunkes Alessandra Machado , Marchi João Francisco , Tonial Ivane Benedetti
Published: November 2013

Considerando-se a evidente busca por alimentos de rápido e fácil preparo, as comunidades industrial e científica vêm investindo no desenvolvimento de novos produtos que, além de atenderem a essa demanda, possam oferecer benefícios à saúde do consumidor. Dentre os alimentos que não demandam muito tempo para o preparo no domicílio, o hambúrguer merece destaque, em função do seu elevado consumo. No entanto, em razão de conter gordura saturada e por ser submetido a processo de fritura, o consumo demasiado desse produto pode ser prejudicial à saúde humana, podendo causar doenças crônicas, entre as quais, a obesidade e a hipertensão. Estudos têm demonstrado a possibilidade de substituição de ingredientes na formulação de hambúrgueres, com a intenção de incorporar substâncias com propriedades funcionais; portanto, substâncias que possam contribuir para a saúde e o bem-estar dos consumidores. Nesse contexto, esta revisão aborda questões referentes ao hambúrguer, no sentido de conceituar o produto e, à luz da literatura, oferecer alternativas possíveis e que têm sido estudadas para tornar esse alimento mais saudável, com foco na substituição de gordura animal por fibras e na redução do teor de cloreto de sódio.
Exploratory and discriminative studies of commercial processed Brazilian coffees with different degrees of roasting and decaffeinated
Authors: Ribeiro Juliano Souza , Teófilo Reinaldo Francisco , Salva Terezinha de Jesus Garcia , Augusto Fabio , Ferreira Marcia Miguel Castro
Published: November 2013

The fingerprints of the volatile compounds of 21 commercial Brazilian coffee samples submitted to different industrial processing i.e. decaffeinated or different roasting degrees (traditional and dark) were studied. The volatiles were collected by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The chromatographic data matrices (fingerprints) obtained were explored by the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares - discriminative analysis (PLS-DA). Initially the chromatographic profiles were aligned by the algorithm correlation optimized warping (COW). The PCA showed the discrimination of the decaffeinated coffees from the others with both the SPME fibres used. This separation probably occurred due to the loss of some volatile precursors during the decaffeination process, such as sucrose. For both the fibres tested, PDMS/DVB and CX / PDMS SPME, the PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% of the samples according to their roasting degree: (medium and dark), the main differences being the concentrations of some of the volatile compounds such as 2-methyl furan, 2-methylbutanal, 2,3-pentanedione, pyrazine, 2-carboxyaldehyde pyrrole, furfural and 2-furanmethanol.
Evaluation of terrain corrections through FFT and classical integration in two selected areas of the Andes and their impact on geoidal heights
Authors: Gomez Maria Eugenia , Bagu Diego Ruben , Del Cogliano Daniel , Perdomo Raul A.
Published: November 2013

As part of the regional geoid modeling, terrain corrections were computed in Tierra del Fuego island and in the west side of the province of Mendoza. The first place is located in the southernmost region of Argentina and Mendoza is in the center-west of this country. Considering both study areas, elevations range from 0 m to 6500 m. The classical integration of prism contribution and the 2-D FFT technique were used to estimate terrain corrections. This study aims at discussing the results obtained by both approaches and their applicability considering their advantages and disadvantages according to the regions under investigation. The analysis allowed us to conclude that classical integration has a better performance than FFT methods, especially in the highest regions where terrain corrections can be overestimated in more than 20 mGals by FFT. Both techniques described show similar results in flat areas. Finally, the effect that the error of terrain corrections computation has on geoidal heights is also discussed and numerically tested. It is proved that an error in gravity anomalies of 20 mGals may cause up to 2 m geoid height error.
Avaliação da varredura laser terrestre em diferentes distâncias da árvore para mensurar variáveis dendrométricas
Authors: Martins Neto Rorai Pereira , Buck André Leonardo Bortolotto , Silva Matheus Nunes , Christel Lingnau , Machado Álvaro Muriel Lima , Pesck Vagner Alex
Published: November 2013

O laser scanner terrestre é uma alternativa para a coleta de dados dendrométricos em campo sem a necessidade da derrubada da árvore. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da distância da varredura laser terrestre na determinação das variáveis dendrométricas. Foram analisadas duas árvores com altura total de 17,14 m e 16,00 m. A varredura laser foi realizada a 5, 10, 15 e 20 m de distância da árvore. Os diâmetros foram obtidos em alturas parciais até o topo da árvore. Os resultados obtidos com a varredura laser foram validados com as medidas obtidas tradicionalmente em campo com suta e trena. A melhor distância para a obtenção das variáveis dendrométricas foi de 15 m para ambas as árvores. As distâncias menores que 10 m não foram indicadas para a mensuração das duas árvores analisadas. A determinação da altura total foi coerente com as medidas paramétricas. Foi possível a determinação de diâmetros até 55% da altura total e, acima, a ramificação da árvore resultou em uma super ou subestimativa. A melhor distância de varredura possivelmente está atrelada à altura da árvore.
Robustness analysis of geodetic networks in the case of correlated observations
Authors: Yetkin Mevlut , Berber Mustafa , Inal Cevat
Published: November 2013

GPS (or GNSS) networks are invaluable tools for monitoring natural hazards such as earthquakes. However, blunders in GPS observations may be mistakenly interpreted as deformation. Therefore, robust networks are needed in deformation monitoring using GPS networks. Robustness analysis is a natural merger of reliability and strain and defined as the ability to resist deformations caused by the maximum undetecle errors as determined from internal reliability analysis. However, to obtain rigorously correct results; the correlations among the observations must be considered while computing maximum undetectable errors. Therefore, we propose to use the normalized reliability numbers instead of redundancy numbers (Baarda's approach) in robustness analysis of a GPS network. A simple mathematical relation showing the ratio between uncorrelated and correlated cases for maximum undetectable error is derived. The same ratio is also valid for the displacements. Numerical results show that if correlations among observations are ignored, dramatically different displacements can be obtained depending on the size of multiple correlation coefficients. Furthermore, when normalized reliability numbers are small, displacements get large, i.e., observations with low reliability numbers cause bigger displacements compared to observations with high reliability numbers.
A Longitudinal Study of Hearing and Middle Ear Status of Individuals with Cleft Palate with and without Additional Malformations/Syndromes
Authors: Flynn Traci , Persson Christina , Moller Claes , Lohmander Anette , Magnusson Lennart
Published: November 2013

Objective

To describe and compare the middle ear status and hearing sensitivity in adolescence with isolated cleft palate plus additional malformations and/or syndromes with those with only an isolated cleft palate.

Design

Retrospective and longitudinal. Two groups of individuals with isolated cleft palate were compared.

Participants

A cohort of individuals born over 4 years in the western region of Sweden. The cohort was divided into one group with isolated cleft palate (n = 31; ICP) and one group with isolated cleft palate plus additional malformations and/or syndromes (n = 37; ICP+).

Methods

Middle ear status and hearing thresholds were collected from the medical records at 7, 10, 13, and 16 years of age, examined, and compared within and between groups over time.

Results

The ICP+ group demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal middle ear status and elevated hearing thresholds as compared with the ICP group. As the individuals aged, the prevalence of abnormal middle ear status decreased. The hearing levels in both groups decreased in the low to middle frequencies as individuals aged; however, the hearing in the high frequencies did not.

Conclusions

Individuals with cleft palate need to be followed routinely for middle ear status and hearing thresholds to ensure optimal audiological rehabilitation, with particular attention to those with additional malformations and/or syndromes.
Biodiversity in a changing climate: a synthesis of current and projected trends in the US
Authors: Staudinger Michelle D , Carter Shawn L , Cross Molly S , Dubois Natalie S , Duffy J Emmett , Enquist Carolyn , Griffis Roger , Hellmann Jessica J , Lawler Joshua J , O'Leary John , Morrison Scott A , Sneddon Lesley , Stein Bruce A , Thompson Laura M , Turner Woody
Published: November 2013

This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major climate‐change‐related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after‐effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases counterintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable conditions, climate change may outpace intrinsic adaptive capacities and increase the relative vulnerabilities of many organisms. Developing effective adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation will not only require flexible decision‐making and management approaches that account for uncertainties in climate projections and ecological responses but will also necessitate coordinated monitoring efforts.
A flood lamination strategy based on transportation network with time delay
Authors: Nouasse H. , Chiron P. , Archimède B.
Published: November 2013

Over the last few years, the frequency and intensity of floods has become more marked due to the influence of climate change. The engendered problems are related to the safety of goods and persons. These considerations require predictive management that will limit water height downstream. In the literature, numerous works have described flow modeling and management. The work presented in this paper is interested in quantitative management by means of flood expansion areas placed along the river and for which we have size and location. The performance of the management system depends on the time and height of gate opening, which will influence wave mitigation. The proposed management method is based on use of a transportation network with time delay from which the volume of water to be stored is calculated.
Comparison of different approaches for odour impact assessment: dispersion modelling (CALPUFF) vs field inspection (CEN/TC 264)
Authors: Dentoni Licinia , Capelli Laura , Sironi Selena , Guillot Jean-Michel , Rossi Andrea N.
Published: November 2013

Odour impact assessment has become an important environmental issue. Different approaches can be used in order to evaluate the odour impact on receptors, and therefore to regulate it. Among the different possible regulation approaches, the use of dispersion modelling is suggested or required by several national or regional legislations. The wide diffusion of this approach is probably due to the fact that odour dispersion modelling is relatively cheap and results are easily understandable. Another kind of approach attempts to evaluate the odour impact directly in the field relying on a panel of trained human assessors (field inspection). The growing importance of this odour impact assessment method is proved by the current draft of a European Standard (CEN/TC 264), which defines two different methodologies of field inspection: grid measurement and plume measurement. In this study two different approaches were compared, i.e. odour dispersion modelling and field inspection by plume measurement (with specific adaptation for the studied site), the latter consisting in using a panel of examiners for determining the absence or presence of odour downwind relative to the source, in order to evaluate the plume extent. The comparison was based on application of both methods to the assessment of the odour impact of a plant for the composting of sludge from an Italian food industry. The results show that the odour impacts assessed by the two strategies turned out to be quite comparable, thus indicating that, if opportunely applied, both approaches may be effective and complementary for odour impact assessment purposes.
Removal of phenol from saline water by polyamine chelating resin
Authors: Yamada Arisa , Matsui Akihiro , Tsuji Hideyuki
Published: November 2013

Removal of phenol from saline water was carried out with chelating resin. A polyamine chelating resin, Diaion CR-20, removed phenol compounds selectively from industrial wastewater containing 2% salt. From saline water containing 20 mg/L phenol, 70% of the phenol was removed. After treatment, phenol was eluted from the resin by aqueous NaOH, and the resin could also be regenerated by heating in air. Diaion CR-20 adsorbed phenol even in the presence of FeCl3, indicating that treatment with this resin of wastewater containing metal can remove phenol and metal cations in a single step.
A review on the removal of antibiotics by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Cong Qiao , Yuan Xing , Qu Jiao
Published: November 2013

Increasing concerns have been raised regarding the potential risks of antibiotics to human and ecological health due to their extensive use. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn special research attention because of their unique properties and potential applications as a kind of adsorbents. This review summarizes the currently available research on the adsorption of antibiotics on CNTs, and will provide useful information for CNT application and risk assessment. Four different models, the Freundlich model (FM), Langmuir model (LM), Polanyi–Mane model (PMM), and Dubinin–Ashtakhov model (DAM), are often used to fit the adsorption isotherms. Because different mechanisms may act simultaneously, including electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, π–π bonds, and hydrogen bonds, the prediction of organic chemical adsorption on CNTs is not straightforward. Properties of CNTs, such as specific surface area, adsorption sites, and oxygen content, may influence the adsorption of antibiotics on CNTs. Adsorption heterogeneity and hysteresis are two features of antibiotic–CNT interactions. In addition, CNTs with adsorbed antibiotics may have potential risks for human health. So, further research examining how to reduce such risks is needed.