bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nativos e inmigrantes digitales: ¿cómo aprendemos y enseñamos?
Authors: Leymonié Julia
Published: February 2022

La educación juega un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de una sociedad. Es por eso que los sistemas educativos deben estar atentos a las características del momento histórico, a las demandas sociales, a los intereses de los ciudadanos y a las metas que la sociedad se propone alcanzar. En este artículo trataremos de motivar la reflexión del lector acerca del impacto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) sobre las formas de enseñar y de aprender en la universidad. La mirada no es objetiva, sino que proviene de alguien que adhiere a la idea de que los jóvenes desarrollan útiles e interesantes competencias comunicativas en contextos informáticos y digitales que, lamentablemente, no tienen oportunidad de usar dentro de las aulas.
Texto de Gabriela Onetto. Amores de Café
Authors: Onetto Gabriela
Published: February 2022

El ómnibus me dejó en Benito Blanco y Bulevar España. Bajé hacia la rambla con mi oficina a cuestas —un fajo de mails impresos y garabateados, varios rollers, resaltador rosado y amarillo, lentes—, casi teledirigida hacia el café de la librería Yenny. A esa hora, todavía estaría a salvo de las señoras de Pocitos que se juntan a tomar el té y a hablar por celular, con el beneficio no menor de disponer, para mí solita, de casi todas las mesas junto a los amplísimos ventanales.
Comunicar desde lo público: enfoques y perspectivas
Authors: Martorelli Lucía , Ponce Matías
Published: February 2022

Uno de los tantos significados que podemos darle al término comunicación es el de crear comunidad. No obstante, no todas las comunidades son iguales. Para el tema que nos interesa, podemos diferenciar aquellas comunidades que se guían por intereses privados y aquellas que buscan intereses colectivos. Los asuntos públicos obligan a elaborar una estrategia distinta a la comunicación de las empresas privadas. El sector público y los actores políticos demandan una gestión comunicacional que se convierta en un aporte para mejores políticas públicas y la contribución a la calidad del régimen democrático.
Texto de Matilde Campodónico. Una foto
Authors: Campodónico Matilde
Published: February 2022

Mamá me dice que encontró una foto. Era de octubre del 84. Papá y ella están sentados en un sillón. Mamá dice que ve la foto y recuerda exactamente lo que sentía esa tarde. Se mira y encuentra en ella la desprotección, el no saber. Papá mira y dice que en realidad él no recuerda esa sensación. Recuerda más bien haber comido mucho y haber tomado vino. Ambos reconstruyen a partir de la misma imagen historias completamente distintas. No son más que dos personas sentadas en un sillón. Eso es lo que veo yo.
Los comienzos de la fotografía en Uruguay
Authors: Giaimo Mariangela
Published: February 2022

La importancia de este libro radica en varios motivos. El primero consiste en su belleza como objeto, fruto de una cuidadosa edición gráfica de 290 imágenes. El segundo, en que su contenido es inédito para el estudio de la fotografía en Uruguay y aporta un profundo análisis de esta práctica; el tercero es que su contribución se da en el entrecruzamiento de miradas disciplinarias con una apuesta al enriquecimiento del estudio de las imágenes.
Reportaje fotográfico en soporte multimedia
Authors: Porciúncula Pablo
Published: February 2022

Concebir reportajes fotográficos en soportes multimedia plantea nuevos desafíos para los fotógrafos. Hay que aprehender nuevos lenguajes y formarse en ellos. Es necesario incursionar en el mundo audiovisual y, sobre todo, mantener en la fotografía la esencia de la narración.Palabras clave: fotografía, reportajes, soportes multimedia.Conceiving multimedia photo reports poses new challenges for photographers. New languages must be apprehended and learnt. It is necessary to venture into the audiovisual world and, above all, maintaining the essence of story-telling in photography.Key words: photography, reports, multimedia.
Superochistas
Authors: Keldjian Julieta
Published: February 2022

Desde 2006 se lleva adelante en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU) un espacio de preservación, investigación, control intelectual y puesta en circulación de los materiales del archivo audiovisual. Allí surgió la iniciativa de investigar la producción cinematográfica en paso Super 8 en la década comprendida entre 1972 y 1982. Aquel cine alejado de la intelectualidad —de raíces populares, con una metodología artesanal y colectiva de trabajo— encontró caminos de circulación alternativos y aún guarda sorpresas para los estudios sobre cine. La presente investigación, desarrollada por Julieta Keldjian y Macarena Fernández, está apoyada por el programa de fondos concursables para el Fortalecimiento Académico a la Docencia (FAD) edición 2011, que desarrolla la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la UCU. Palabras clave: Cine, Super 8, preservación, archivo audiovisual, 1972-1982Since 2006, Universidad Católica del Uruguay maintains a space for the preservation, research, intellectual control and circulation of the materials from the audiovisual archive. In such space, began the initiative of researching the film production in Super 8 between 1972 and 1982. That cinema, far away from intellectuality of popular origins, with a collective and handcrafted work methodology found alternative circulation paths and still holds surprises for studies on film. This research, led by Julieta Keldjian and Macarena Fernández, is financed by the 2011 competitive funding program “Fortalecimiento Académico a la Docencia (FAD)” and supported by the university's Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Key words: Film, Super 8, preservation, audiovisual archive, 1972-1982.
La ciencia y el periodismo especializado
Authors: Hirschfeld Daniela
Published: February 2022

La ciencia jamás fue divulgada por tantos canales como ocurre en la actualidad. Este fenómeno que ya comenzó hace años generó, entre otros impactos, que la gente incorpore conocimiento científico casi sin notarlo. Los medios masivos juegan un papel central, pero su labor ha estado en el centro del debate casi desde el inicio de este proceso en auge. Una de las discusiones tiene como protagonista a la figura del periodista científico —como profesional especializado—, su trabajo y su función. ¿Es su labor “traducir saberes” al servicio de los investigadores? Y a partir de esa cuestión, ¿debe tener un papel crítico o limitarse a presentar los hechos? En el debate seguramente no hay una única respuesta, pero este artículo presentará una mirada del tema desde la visión de la práctica periodística, en especial de la prensa escrita, para analizar la función, el objetivo y las complejidades del mundo del periodismo científico.Palabras clave: periodismo científico, periodismo especializado, información periodística, prensa escrita, traducción.Science was never disseminated through so many channels as today. This phenomenon, which began years ago, has caused people to integrate scientific knowledge almost without noticing it, among other effects. The media play a central role, but their work has been at the center of the debate nearly since the beginning of this burgeoning process. One of the protagonists of this discussion is the scientific journalist -as a specialized professional-, its work and function. Is this journalist's work to "translate knowledge" on behalf of researchers? Based on this, does this journalist have to play a critic's role or just present the facts? Surely, there is no one answer to this debate, but this article will offer a perspective on this subject from the vision of journalistic practice, especially that of press, to analyze the function, objective and complexities of the world of scientific journalism. Key words: scientific journalism, specialized journalism, journalistic information, press, translation
Ilustración de David de la Mano
Authors: De la Mano David
Published: February 2022

David de la Mano (Salamanca, 1975) es ilustrador, artista plástico y escultor. Es licenciado en Bellas Artes por la Universidad de Salamanca y técnico superior de Escultura en Piedra por la Escuela de Artes de la misma ciudad.
El artista como espectáculo: autenticidad y performance en la sociedad mediática
Authors: Sibilia Paula
Published: February 2022

Este artículo intenta una definición de performance para examinar algunos aspectos de ciertas prácticas artísticas y mediáticas desarrolladas en las últimas décadas. Al evocar su trayectoria desde los años setenta hasta la actualidad, se pretende detectar y analizar sus particularidades más recientes. Con la intensificación de algunas características de la “sociedad del espectáculo” a principios del siglo XXI, reforzadas tanto por la creciente influencia de los medios de comunicación audiovisuales e interactivos como por la intrusión del mercado en ámbitos que antes le estaban vedados, se generan cambios importantes en las subjetividades y sociabilidades. Esos nuevos modos de vida estimulan la construcción de sí mismo bajo las miradas ajenas, y promueven una generalización de los gestos performáticos en la tentativa de “hacerse visible” para poder “ser alguien”. Cabe indagar, por tanto, la especificidad y el valor de tales manifestaciones en términos artísticos, así como su legitimidad o validez política.
IV Cumbre Mundial de Comunicación Política
Authors: Ponce Matías
Published: February 2022

“Nunca existió el votante racional, es un gran mito. La sociedad no consume estadísticas, ni propuestas técnicas. Los relatos son generadores de emociones, por ende, nuestra esfera de intervención es pura saturación emocional”Carlos Fara (Argentina) en Apertura de la Cumbre
Ilustración de David de la Mano
Authors: De la Mano David
Published: February 2022

David de la Mano :: Salamanca, España
Fotografía de Pata Torres
Authors: Torres Pata
Published: February 2022

En estas páginas hago una pequeña muestra de algunos recitales de artistas nacionales e internacionales que, de una u otra forma, fueron importantes para mí. [Estas fotos] son sueños cumplidos”. Así presenta Pata Torres (Montevideo, Uruguay) esta serie de fotografías para dixit. La autora es arquitecta por la Universidad de la República y fotógrafa. Desde hace 10 años se dedica al registro fotográfico de la escena musical. Desde octubre de 2012 es responsable de la fotografía de Yamp!, portal de música uruguaya; antes trabajó en la revista Freeway y estuvo al frente de la fotografía de eventos como “Fiesta de la X”, “Pilsen Rock” y “Bicentenerio Uruguay”. Por la lente de Pata Torres pasaron The Cure, Green Day, Keane, Franz Ferdinand y REM, entre otros. Luego de conocer el libro de fotografías de música En Vivo, coeditado por Pata Torres (Editorial Sudamericana, 2010), Paul McCartney la eligió como fotógrafa oficial de su estadía y recital en Montevideo.
transformación digital y su importancia en las pymes
Authors: Calle Herencia Cesar Alonso
Published: February 2022

Hoy en día la transformación digital es un proceso que tiene impacto a todas las organizaciones con la finalidad de poder expandir su participación en un contexto digital, sin embargo, muchas empresas pymes no conocen el gran cambio que vivimos por consiguiente desconocen su beneficio y la importancia.
Esta investigación aborda los conceptos de la transformación digital el mismo que tiene diferentes concepciones, beneficios de la transformación digital, pilares en considerar para un plan de transformación, componentes elementales de la organizaciones y retos a considerar para el proceso de transformación digital.
Este trabajo también muestra diferentes concepciones básicas para tener una idea de la transformación digital y con ello buscar el interés a una competitiva digital obteniendo beneficios a bajo costo y rentable.
Las pymes deben buscar el proceso de innovación a través de plataformas digitales que les permita poder encaminar un proceso competitivo optimizando sus recursos y ganando participación en el mercado.
Cross - cultural Business, Negocios a la peruana
Authors: Linares Vizcarra Mitzi Lourdes Del Carmen , Montero Zúñiga Evelyn Trinidad
Published: February 2022

En este documento, determinaremos la importancia de conocer la multiculturalidad desde el origen milenario del Perú y la forma en que los negocios se concretan, considerando las costumbres, creencias, tradiciones y fusiones que continúan vigentes a través del tiempo, las que influyen de una manera preponderante en el proceso de la negociación intracultural.
Perú, desde sus inicios, está constituido por todas las sangres, por lo que se le facilita hacer vínculos de confianza, para evaluar una posibilidad de negocio, anteponiendo lo valioso de su cultura ancestral, la afabilidad que caracteriza al peruano, la fusión de sus comidas, los lugares turísticos.
Perú a través de los tiempos, ha tenido que sobreponerse a varios conflictos sociales, internos y otros que fueron originados por migrantes, lo que ocasionó grandes conflictos sociales e inestabilidad económica, surgiendo una cultura de informalidad en los negocios, captando capitales de una manera sui generis, en forma de colecta, actividades de cooperación entre familias y barrios, denominadas polladas, logrando juntar pequeños y medianos capitales, apareciendo una infinidad de emprendimientos unipersonales y familiares.
La interculturalidad para los negocios, desde Perú se revelan a través de la innovación de los negocios y el benchmarking a efectos de lograr la conquista de nuevos mercados a nivel América, Asia y Europa, principalmente.
Finalmente se concluye y se indican las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas que sustentan la información.
Corporate sustainability performance throughout the firm life cycle: Case of Egypt
Authors: Gamal Laila , Wahba Hayam , Correia Maria do Rosário
Published: February 2022

The role of corporations in society is an age-old debate among practitioners and academics. The corporations’ primary goal is to excel, prosper, and expand financially is no longer suitable for the community. Unfortunately, the need for financial prosperity leads to hazardous workplaces, chemical exposure, and urban decay. Therefore, companies now view internal and external corporate responsibility as a critical business strategy for sustainable management. Thus, examining the impact of firm life cycle stages on business activities, notably sustainability programs and CSR investments, can shed light on a company’s CSR initiatives and sustainability choices. This study uses 420 firm-year data samples from 2013 till 2018 in examining the association between CSR proxied by corporate sustainability performance (CSP) index and firm life cycle for firms listed in the S&P/EGX ESG index. A thorough search of the relevant literature shows that this is the first study to demonstrate this association in Egypt empirically. Our findings show a significant relationship between CSP and firm life cycle stages. The results also show that the firm life cycle has greater explanatory power for CSP levels than previously thought. Therefore, organizations should choose and implement CSR initiatives based on their life cycle stage to ensure long-term value and growth
Systematic comparison of 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models for the assessment of hydropeaking alterations
Authors: Bürgler Matthias , Vetsch David F. , Boes Robert , Vanzo Davide
Published: February 2022

Numerical hydrodynamic models enable the simulation of hydraulic
conditions under various scenarios and are thus suitable tools for
hydropeaking related assessments. However, the choice of the necessary
model complexity and the consequences of modelling choices are not
trivial and only few guidelines exist. In this study we systematically
evaluate numerical one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D)
hydrodynamic models with varying spatial resolution regarding their
suitability as input for hydropeaking-sensitive, ecologically relevant
hydraulic parameters (ERHPs), and their computational efficiency. The
considered ERHPs include the vertical dewatering velocity, the wetted
area variation between base and peak flow and the bed shear stress as a
proxy for macroinvertebrate drift. We then also quantified the habitat
suitability of brown trout for different life stages. The evaluation is
conducted for three channel planforms with morphological characteristics
representative for regulated Alpine rivers, ranging from alternating
bars to a braiding river morphology. Our results suggest, that while a
highly resolved 1D model is sufficient for accurate predictions of the
dewatering velocity and wetted area in the less complex alternating bar
morphology, a 2D model is recommended for more complex wandering or
braiding morphologies. For the prediction of habitat suitability and bed
shear stress, a 1D model appears to be always insufficient, and a highly
resolved 2D model is suggested. Reducing the spatial resolution of 2D
models leads to computational efficiency similar to 1D, while providing
more accurate results. This study can serve as guideline for researchers
and practitioners in the selection and setup of hydrodynamic models for
hydropeaking.
COVID-19 Pandemic – Impact on Deep Neck Space Infections: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Charlton Alexander , Simon Raul , Simons Anthony
Published: February 2022

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate whether changes in
practice and patient behaviour due to the covid-19 pandemic impacted the
presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with deep neck space
infections (DNSI). Design Retrospective cohort study including all
adults presenting to the otolaryngology department at a tertiary UK
centre with a DNSI during the first 12 months of the covid-19 pandemic
(n = 27), and those from the previous 12 month period (n = 26). Patients
with peritonsillar abscess which did not involve deep neck spaces
radiologically were excluded. Results The covid-19 pandemic cohort
tended to present later after onset of symptoms (5.96 days vs 3.25 days,
p = 0.0277), have abscess formation rather than inflammation only
(77.8% vs 34.6%, p < 0.01), and develop complications
(33.3% vs 7.7%, p = 0.0394). Not reaching statistical significance,
the covid-19 pandemic cohort also had larger volume abscess (25.18cm3 vs
14.5cm3, p = 0.291), longer hospital stay (14.48 days vs 6.35 days, p =
0.114), and longer intensive care stay (7.88 days vs 1.78 days, p =
0.0992). Non-significant changes were noted in management, with the
covid-19 pandemic cohort being seven times more likely to undergo
tracheostomy (25.9% vs 3.8%, p = 0.0504), and more likely to undergo
transcervical drainage (37% vs 19.2%, p = 0.224) and hot tonsillectomy
(11.1% vs 0%, p = 0.236). Conclusion This study demonstrates the
covid-19 pandemic led to delayed presentation and more severe infection,
requiring more radical management in patients with DNSI.
Pleistocene-Holocene vicariance not Anthropocene landscape change, explains the genetic structure of American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in the American Southwest and northern Mexico
Authors: Gould Matt , III James Cain , Atwood Todd , Harding Larisa , Johnson Heather , Onorato Dave , Winslow Frederic , Roemer Gary
Published: February 2022

The phylogeography of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) is
characterized by isolation into glacial refugia, followed by population
expansion and genetic admixture. Anthropogenic activities, including
overharvest, habitat loss, and transportation infrastructure, have also
influenced their landscape genetic structure. We describe the
phylogeography of the American black bear in the American Southwest and
northern Mexico and investigate how prehistoric and contemporary forces
shaped genetic structure and influenced gene flow. Using a suite of
microsatellites and a sample of 550 bears, we identified 14
subpopulations organized hierarchically following the distribution of
ecoregions and mountain ranges containing black bear habitat. The
pattern of subdivision we observed is more likely a product of
postglacial habitat fragmentation during the Pleistocene and Holocene,
rather than a consequence of contemporary anthropogenic barriers to
movement during the Anthropocene. We used linear mixed-effects models to
predict genetic distance among individuals, which indicated that both
isolation by resistance and geographic distance govern gene flow. Gene
flow was highest among subpopulations occupying large tracts of
contiguous habitat, was reduced among subpopulations in the Madrean Sky
Island Archipelago, where montane habitat exists within a lowland matrix
of arid lands, and was essentially nonexistent between two isolated
subpopulations. We found significant asymmetric gene flow supporting the
hypothesis that bears expanded northward from a Pleistocene refugium
located in the American Southwest and northern Mexico and that major
highways were not yet affecting gene flow. The potential vulnerability
of the species to climate change, transportation infrastructure, and the
U.S.-Mexico border wall highlights conservation challenges and
opportunities for binational collaboration.
Long-read genome assemblies uncover extensive loss of micro-syntenty and conservation of macro-synteny among three woodland Eucalyptus species.
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Jones Ashley , Murray Kevin , Schwessinger Benjamin , Borevitz Justin
Published: February 2022

Synteny, the ordering of sequences within homologous chromosomes, must
be maintained within the genomes of sexually reproducing species for the
sharing of alleles and production of viable, reproducing offspring.
However, when the genomes of closely related species are compared, a
loss of synteny can be observed. Synteny loss may be occurring due to
transposon-mediated recombination errors during meiosis, unequal
homologous recombination, resulting in the formation of chromosomal
rearrangements. To examine patterns of synteny amongst three closely
related, interbreeding, and wild Eucalyptus species, we assembled their
genomes using long-read DNA sequencing and de novo assembly. We identify
syntenic and rearranged regions between these genomes and estimate that
~48% of our genomes remain syntenic while
~36% is rearranged. We observed that rearrangements
highly fragment micro-synteny, however genome-wide, macro-synteny
appears to be maintained. Our results suggest that synteny between our
species is primarily lost through small-scale rearrangements, not
through sequence loss, gain, or sequence divergence. Further examination
of identified rearrangements suggests that rearrangements may be
altering the phenotypes of Eucalyptus species. Our study also questions
the use of single reference genomes in genomic studies, reliance on a
single reference genome when seeking genetic variation leads to
reference bias, especially given the scale at which we show potentially
adaptive loci have highly diverged, deleted, duplicated and/or
rearranged. This study provides an unbiased framework to look at
potential speciation and adaptive loci among a rapidly radiating
foundation species of woodland trees that are free from selective
breeding seen in most crop species.
The Asymptomatic Patient with Atrial Fibrillation: An Arrhythmia in Search of a Symptom, previously for some but now for many.
Authors: Lemery Robert
Published: February 2022

Asymptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation were found to have
different echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements than
symptomatic patients. The advent of new digital technology to diagnose
atrial fibrillation has revealed a greater number of patients who are
asymptomatic.
Adopting Machine Learning Blockchain Intrusion Detection for Protecting Attacks on Internet of Things
Authors:   1School of IT & Computing, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria 1,2,3Department of Computer Science, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria 2Department of Computer Science, Shehu Idris College of Health Sciences and Technology, Makarfi, Kaduna State Nigeria, Saheed Y.K. , Magaji R.D , Tosho A. , Longe, O.B.
Published: February 2022

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are widely used in various computer networks with the goal of spotting cyber threats and potential incidents. Collaborative intrusion detection networks (CIDSs) have been developed to augment the detection power of a single IDS by allowing IDS nodes to exchange data. The Internet of Things (IoT) can be thought of as a network or connectivity of sensors and actuators that share data in a unique way. Blockchain technology has been applied in a variety of fields to foster trust and data protection by enabling participants to trade transactions and communicate information while preserving a level of trust, integrity, and greater transparency. However, there are numerous security concerns associated with the implementation architectures and technologies that will form the Internet of Things' backbone. Hence, this paper proposes a machine learning technique leveraging on blockchain technology with IDS for detecting attacks on IoT. In this paper, we used Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models for performing the experiment on NSLKDD dataset. The experimental findings for KNN model achieved 99.6% detection rate with a false alarm rate of 0.4. The NB and SVM models also gave competitive results. Keywords: Machine Learning, Blockchain, Intrusion Detection System, Internet of Things, K-Nearest, Online Safety, Neighbor, Collaborative IDS
Acceptability of Micro-Insurance Scheme Among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Lagos state, Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of Insurance Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos. Nigeria, Bamgbose O.S. , Adekanbi O.
Published: February 2022

Low income earning workers such as the teachers in the public secondary schools, are faced with varying categories of financial risk which cannot e alleviated without the help of some other social arrangement such as micro-insurance schemes. However, these scheme has not been well accepted among the teachers. The study however, looked at the reasons for the low acceptability. A stratified simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from a sample of 384 secondary school teachers in Lagos state, using regression analysis techniques. Adequate knowledge and well structured products designs of the micro-insurance products does not influence the acceptability of the products among the teachers. The study result however, shows that not making the products compulsory is the major factor that influence the acceptability among the teachers. Keywords: micro-insurance, public secondary schools, low income earners, financial risk, adequate knowledge, product design
In Quest for Sanctity and Inviolability of Human Life: Capital Punishment in Herodotus Book 1.
Authors:   University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria, Alade Idowu Mojeed
Published: February 2022

It is a common knowledge that workers both in the public and private sector spends their wages on critical needs such as rent, school fees, food, transportation, recharge cards and healthcare (moller,2004). They are also predominantly expose to economic risk, natural risk, health risk, life cycle risks, policy based and institutional risks, social and political risk (Geneva, ILO-STEP). Various government including Nigeria, historically have been able to introduce some forms of ad-hoc interventions programmes such as mortgage rent reduction, reduction in taxes, cancellation or postponement of loan payment and other form of direct subsidies (Townsend, 1994). Majority of these measures are privileges and not “right” in most developing countries including Nigeria (Sigma, 2005; UNDP 2003). Practiced in almost all ancient and traditional societies, with debates for and against, among lawgivers and philosophers, Capital punishment, also known as death penalty, was a part of the Athenian Greek law code as early as the time of Draco during the 7th Century BC. The debates and controversies continue until date. Is it just, unjust or a false justice? As at the year 2018, according to Amnesty International,1 55 countries of modern civilized world retain death penalty while a certain number have completely abolished it. Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, in his Histories, record many instances of state sanctioned capital punishments. This paper, an attempt to accentuate the unjust nature of capital punishment and support its complete universal abolition, identifies three references to death penalty in Herodotus Book 1: combing, impaling and stoning. Book I of Herodotus was context analysed and interpreted with evidence from other relevant literary and historical sources. Arguments for death penalty include serving as deterrent to potential offenders and some sort of justice for the victims and family, especially in the case of murder; and the state, in the case of treason and other capital offences. Findings, however, revealed that capital punishment seldom curb potential criminals and might embittered and encouraged grievous crimes while discoveries of errors in judgment, among other reasons, could make death sentences unjust. The paper concluded by recommending prevention of such crimes necessitating capital punishments and proffered making greater efforts towards total abolition. Keywords: Capital punishment, Herodotus, Herodotus Histories, Justice, Death penalty.
Some mathematical properties of the geometric-arithmetic index/coindex of graphs
Authors: Stankov S. , Matejic M. , Milovanovic I. , Milovanovic E.
Published: February 2022

Let G = (V,E), V = {1,2,...,n}, be a simple connected graph of order
n, size m with vertex degree sequence d1 ? d2 ? ... ? dn > 0, di = d(vi).
The geometric-arithmetic topological index of G is defined as GA(G) = ? i~j
2? didj/di+dj, whereas the geometric-arithmetic coindex as GA?(G) = ? i~/j 2
? didj/di+dj . New lower bounds for GA(G) and GA(G) in terms of some graph
parameters and other invariants are obtained.
On A-numerical radius inequalities for 2 x 2 operator matrices-II
Authors: Sahoo Satyajit
Published: February 2022

Rout et al. [Linear Multilinear Algebra 2020, DOI:
10.1080/03081087.2020.1810201] presented certain A-numerical radius
inequalities for 2x2 operator matrices and further results on A-numerical
radius of certain 2x2 operator matrices are obtained by Feki [Hacet. J.
Math. Stat., 2020, DOI:10.15672/hujms.730574], very recently. The main goal
of this article is to establish certain A-numerical radius equalities for
operator matrices. Several new upper and lower bounds for the A-numerical
radius of 2 x 2 operator matrices has been proved, where A be the 2 x 2
diagonal operator matrix whose diagonal entries are positive bounded
operator A. Further, we prove some refinements of earlier A-numerical radius
inequalities for operators.
“The Law and the Prophets” in MT Daniel 9:3–19
Authors: Haydon Ron
Published: February 2022

Many see Dan 9:3–19 as a late Deuteronomistic redaction that sets confession within a frame of determinism. Others see the insertion as a means of revelation meant to disclose future events (9:24–27). In either case, the prayer is secondary and instrumental. Moreover, the impetus for the prayer, according to these lines of interpretation, tends to be little more than a response to the Seleucid oppression (175–164 B.C.). This essay argues for a different impetus—the dual authority of the Law and the Prophets. Based on this reading, we can see how Daniel shifts the moorings of the prayer from the simple tag of revelation or confession and resets it within his own interpretive logic. “The Law and the Prophets” is a theological grammar informing the author’s method of tracing earlier biblical traditions (Sabbath violation, land restoration, and so on). These traditions run through Lev 25–26 and Jer 25:11–14, 29:10, 32 and rematerialize into the author’s own conclusions in Dan 9:24–27. What are these conclusions? Full “rest” (cf. Lev 26:35–40) will come to those in exile (cf. Jer 25:11–12; 29:10–11) and their land will be restored.
The Need for More Attention to Jubilee in Daniel 9:24–27
Authors: ULRICH DEAN R.
Published: February 2022

Widely different readings of the prophecy of the 70 sevens in Dan 9 may exist, but the theme of Jubilee that is inherent in the prophecy’s structure has received insufficient emphasis. In particular, previous scholarship has neglected (1) the relationship between the six objectives of Dan 9:24 and the details of Dan 9:25–27 and (2) the relationship between the Antiochene crisis and Jubilee theology. By reviewing previous scholarship on the 70 sevens, this article demonstrates that more work still needs to be done on this controversial passage.
DESCARTES’S SCHISM, LOCKE’S REUNION: COMPLETING THE PRAGMATIC TURN IN EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Turri John , Buckwalter Wesley
Published: February 2022

Centuries ago, Descartes and Locke initiated a foundational debate in epistemology over the relationship between knowledge, on the one hand, and practical factors, on the other. Descartes claimed that knowledge and practice are fundamentally separate. Locke claimed that knowledge and practice are fundamentally united. After a period of dormancy, their disagreement has reignited on the contemporary scene. Latter-day Lockeans claim that knowledge itself is essentially connected to, and perhaps even constituted by, practical factors such as how much is at stake, how important the situation is, or how one should act. Latter-day Cartesians claim, by contrast, that knowledge is entirely constituted by truth-related factors such as truth, belief, and evidence. Each side has supported its case with claims about patterns in ordinary behavior and knowledge judgments. Lockeans argue that these patterns are best explained by positing a fundamental and direct link between knowledge and practical factors. Cartesians argue that the patterns can be equally well explained by positing an indirect link, entirely mediated by the traditional factors of truth, belief, and evidence, thereby rendering the Lockean hypothesis unnecessary. We argue that Cartesians are right about some practical factors, in particular stakes and how important a situation is, which have, at best, a modest indirect relationship to knowledge. However, Lockeans are right about actionability: whether a person should pursue a course of action is powerfully and directly connected to knowledge.
SAFETY’S SWAMP: AGAINST THE VALUE OF MODAL STABILITY
Authors: Gardiner Georgi
Published: February 2022

An account of the nature of knowledge must explain the value of knowledge. This paper argues that modal conditions, such as safety and sensitivity, do not confer value on a belief, and so any account of knowledge that posits a modal condition as a fundamental constituent cannot vindicate widely held claims about the value of knowledge. The implications for epistemology are explained: One must either eschew modal conditions as a fundamental constituent of knowledge, or retain the modal conditions but concede that knowledge is not more valuable than that which falls short of knowledge. This second horn—concluding that knowledge has no distinctive value—is unappealing since it renders puzzling why so much epistemological theorizing focuses on knowledge, and why knowledge seems so important.
AUDIOPHILE AESTHETICS
Authors: Hales Steven D.
Published: February 2022

What little work has been done on high fidelity/audiophile aesthetics uniformly agrees that the aesthetic aim of high fidelity is to achieve maximum transparency—the degree to which the listening experience is qualitatively identical to hearing the live instruments. The present paper argues that due to modern recording techniques, transparency is often impossible and may not be the proper aesthetic goal even in cases of documentary recordings. Instead, audiophilia should be understood as a broadly pluralist artistic endeavor that aims at an idealized generation of a musical event. This positive conception serves to explain away certain debates among audiophiles themselves.
HOPE(S) AND HOPEFULNESS
Authors: Kadlac Adam
Published: February 2022

Those who have discussed hopefulness as a general quality of character have tended to regard it as something importantly different from the maintenance of particular hopes about the future. I contend that this approach is mistaken and that we should instead regard one as hopeful to the degree that one nurtures a specific hope, namely, the hope that the future will be good. Thus, rather than attempting to locate hopefulness in personality traits that do not directly concern the maintenance of particular hopes, I instead argue that nurturing the hope for a good future is sufficient to ground many of the other qualities that we associate with hopeful people.
REPRESENTATIONALISM AND SENSORY MODALITIES: AN ARGUMENT FOR INTERMODAL REPRESENTATIONALISM
Authors: Bourget David
Published: February 2022

Intermodal representationalists hold that the phenomenal characters of experiences are fully determined by their contents. In contrast, intramodal representationalists hold that the phenomenal characters of experiences are determined by their contents together with their intentional modes or manners of representation, which are nonrepresentational features corresponding roughly to the sensory modalities. This paper discusses a kind of experience that provides evidence for an intermodal representationalist view: intermodal experiences, experiences that unify experiences in different modalities. I argue that such experiences are much easier to explain on the intermodal view.
THE ASYMMETRY THESIS AND THE DOCTRINE OF NORMATIVE DEFEAT
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C.
Published: February 2022

It is widely considered a truism that the only evidence that can provide justification for one’s belief that p is evidence in one’s possession. At the same time, a good many epistemologists accept another claim seemingly in tension with this "truism," to the effect that evidence not in one’s possession can defeat or undermine the justification for one’s belief that p. Anyone who accepts both of these claims accepts what I will call the asymmetry thesis: while evidence in one’s possession can either enhance or detract from justification, evidence not in one’s possession can only detract from it. The asymmetry thesis is not uncontroversial; but any epistemologist who endorses the doctrine of normative defeat will be under tremendous pressure to accept it. In this paper I try to motivate the asymmetry thesis in two steps: first, by appeal to a feature that assessments of justification share with evaluative assessments generally, according to which we can distinguish generic expectations in play from the explicit criteria for satisfying the relevant evaluative standard; and second, by arguing that when it comes to epistemic assessments, the generic expectations themselves derive from our roles as epistemic agents in communities in which we depend on one another for knowledge.
EPISTEMIC REACTIVE ATTITUDES
Authors: Tollefsen Deborah Perron
Published: February 2022

Although there have been a number of recent discussions about the emotions that we bring with us to our epistemic endeavors, there has been little, if any, discussion of the emotions we bring with us to epistemic appraisal. This paper focuses on a particular set of emotions, the reactive attitudes. As Peter F. Strawson and others have argued, our reactive attitudes reveal something deep about our moral commitments. A similar argument can be made within the domain of epistemology. Our "epistemic reactive attitudes" reveal our epistemic commitments. Reflection on the role they play in our practice of epistemic appraisal can contribute to a number of different debates in contemporary epistemology, including the nature of epistemic norms and epistemic responsibility.
EPISTEMIC NORMS AND THE "EPISTEMIC GAME" THEY REGULATE: THE BASIC STRUCTURED EPISTEMIC COSTS AND BENEFITS
Authors: Henderson David , Graham Peter
Published: February 2022

This paper is a beginning--an initial attempt to think of the function and character of epistemic norms as a kind of social norm. We draw on social scientific thinking about social norms and the social games to which they respond. Assume that people individually follow epistemic norms for the sake of acquiring a stock of true beliefs. When they live in groups and share information with each other, they will in turn produce a shared store of true beliefs, an epistemic public good. True beliefs, produced individually or in groups, constitute an epistemic good—one commonly stockpiled and distributed within a community. Epistemic norms can then be understood as a kind of socially developed and transmitted normative sensibility having to do with the production of this individual and public good. Epistemic norms should serve to regulate this practice—coordinating the practice of individuals so as to afford the benefits of life in an interdependent epistemic community—and to manage the risks of being epistemically dependent on others within such a community. Here, we provide some attempts to characterize the central aspects of "the epistemic game"—the epistemic choice situation confronted by communities of epistemic agents.
ELIMINATING THE PROBLEM OF STORED BELIEFS
Authors: Frise Matthew
Published: February 2022

The problem of stored beliefs is that of explaining how non-occurrent, seemingly justified beliefs are indeed justified. Internalism about epistemic justification, the view that one’s mental life alone determines what one is justified in believing, allegedly cannot solve this problem. This paper provides a solution. It asks: Does having a belief that p require having a special relation to a mental representation that p? If the answer is yes, then there are no stored beliefs, and so there is no problem. Drawing on extensive research in cognitive psychology, this paper argues that memory doesn’t store the representations required for stored belief, and we don’t bear the special relation to anything memory does store. On the leading "no" answer, a belief is roughly a set of dispositions. This paper argues that a justified belief is then best understood as a set of dispositions. Since these dispositions are mental, internalism can count the right stored beliefs as justified.
ARE PROPERTIES PARTICULAR, UNIVERSAL, OR NEITHER?
Authors: Cumpa Javier
Published: February 2022

AAre properties universal or particular? According to Universalism, properties are universals because there is a certain fundamental tie that makes properties capable of being shareable by more than one thing. On the opposing side, Particularism is the view that properties are particulars due to the existence of a fundamental tie that makes properties incapable of being shared. My aim in this paper is to critically examine the connections between the notions of the fundamental tie and universality and particularity. I argue, first, that universality and particularity can characterize a property if and only if there is a universalist or a particularist fundamental tie, and, second, that it is unclear that these should be the fundamental ties that connect ordinary and scientific properties to their respective bearers. Then I develop an alternative approach to properties and the fundamental tie, which is neutralist because it dispenses with universality and particularity as features of properties, and naturalist because it naturalizes the possession of properties by replacing metaphysical fundamental ties with a scientific one, in particular, a physical process. I show how this approach improves our understanding of properties and instantiation.
THE PROBLEM OF UNIVERSALS AND THE ASYMMETRY OF INSTANTIATION
Authors: Baxter Donald L. M.
Published: February 2022

Oliver’s and Rodriguez-Pereyra’s important interpretation of the problem of universals as one concerning truthmakers neglects something crucial: that there is a numerical identity between numerically distinct particulars. The problem of universals is rather how to resolve the apparent contradiction that the same things are both numerically distinct and numerically identical. Baxter’s account of instantiation as partial identity resolves the apparent contradiction. A seeming objection to this account is that it appears to make instantiation symmetric, since partial identity is symmetric. Armstrong’s standard reply is that the difference between a particular and a universal is what makes instantiation asymmetric. Brown suggests, though, that the instantiation of a universal by a universal is sometimes symmetric. However, the examples on which he relies are not universals.
PHENOMENAL CONSERVATISM AND THE PROBLEM OF REFLECTIVE AWARENESS
Authors: Moretti Luca
Published: February 2022

This paper criticizes phenomenal conservatism—the view according to which a subject S’s seeming that P provides S with defeasible justification for believing P. It argues that phenomenal conservatism, if true at all, has a significant limitation: seeming-based justification is elusive because S can easily lose it by just reflecting on her seemings and speculating about their causes. The paper also argues that because of this limitation, phenomenal conservatism doesn’t have all the epistemic merits attributed to it by its advocates. If true, phenomenal conservatism constitutes a unified theory of epistemic justification capable of giving everyday epistemic practices a rationale, but it doesn’t afford us the means of an effective response to the skeptic. Furthermore, phenomenal conservatism doesn’t form the general basis for foundationalism.
IN DEFENSE OF MEDIAL THEORIES OF SOUND
Authors: Meadows Phillip John
Published: February 2022

In the recent literature on the nature of sound, there is an emerging consensus rejection of what might be thought of as the scientifically informed commonsense position: that sounds, whatever else they may be, must be entities that mediate between the source of the sound and the subject hearing it. This paper offers an argument for such "medial" theories of sound. This argument is intended to shift attention from the two considerations that have dominated the debate thus far: the relevant scientific facts about audition and the spatial phenomenology of auditory experience.
DISAGREEING WITH MYSELF: DOXASTIC COMMITMENTS AND INTRAPERSONAL DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Coliva Annalisa
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the idea of disagreement with oneself, in both its diachronic and synchronie forms. A puzzling case of synchronie intrapersonal disagreement is presented and the paper considers its implications. One is that belief is a genus that comes in two species: as disposition and as commitment. Another is that self-deception consists in a conflict between one’s beliefs as dispositions and one’s beliefs as commitments. Synchronie intrapersonal disagreement also has implications for the condition that needs to be fulfilled in order to have genuine disagreement tout court, and for the different ways in which it can be satisfied.
GROUPS CAN KNOW HOW
Authors: Dragos Chris
Published: February 2022

One can know how to ride a bicycle, play the cello, or collect experimental data. But who can know how to properly ride a tandem bicycle, perform a symphony, or run a high-energy physics experiment? Reductionist analyses fail to account for these cases strictly in terms of the individual know-how involved. Nevertheless, it doesn’t follow from non-reductionism that groups possess this know-how. One must first show that epistemic extension cannot obtain. This is the idea that individuals can possess knowledge even when others possess some of the epistemic materials (e.g. evidence possessed, abilities exercised) generating it. I show that only knowledge-that can be epistemically extended, not knowledge-how. Appeal to epistemic extension is a viable way of avoiding group knowledge-that ascriptions but not group knowledge-how ascriptions. Therefore, groups can know how.