bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N, N-Dimethyltryptamine, a natural hallucinogen, ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease by restoring neuronal Sigma-1 receptor-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk
Authors: Cheng Dan , Lei Zhuo-Gui , Chu Kin , Lam Oi Jin Honey , Chiang Chun Yuan , Zhang Zhang-Jin
Published: May 2024

Background

Aberrant neuronal Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1r)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- mitochondria signaling plays a key role in the neuronal cytopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The natural psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a Sig-1r agonist that may have the anti-AD potential through protecting neuronal ER-mitochondrial interplay.

Methods

3×TG-AD transgenic mice were administered with chronic DMT (2 mg/kg) for 3 weeks and then performed water maze test. The Aβ accumulation in the mice brain were determined. The Sig-1r level upon DMT treatment was tested. The effect of DMT on the ER-mitochondrial contacts site and multiple mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM)-associated proteins were examined. The effect of DMT on calcium transport between ER and mitochondria and the mitochondrial function were also evaluated.

Results

chronic DMT (2 mg/kg) markedly alleviated cognitive impairment of 3×TG-AD mice. In parallel, it largely diminished Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. DMT restored the decreased Sig-1r levels of 3×TG-AD transgenic mice. The hallucinogen reinstated the expression of multiple MAM-associated proteins in the brain of 3×TG-AD mice. DMT also prevented physical contact and calcium dynamic between the two organelles in in vitro and in vivo pathological circumstances. DMT modulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP synthase in the in vitro model of AD.

Conclusion

The anti-AD effects of DMT are associated with its protection of neuronal ER-mitochondria crosstalk via the activation of Sig-1r. DMT has the potential to serve as a novel preventive and therapeutic agent against AD.
Evaluation of features and channels of electroencephalographic signals for biometric systems
Authors: Carrión-Ojeda Dustin , Martínez-Arias Paola , Fonseca-Delgado Rigoberto , Pineda Israel , Mejía-Vallejo Héctor
Published: May 2024

Biometric systems are essential tools in modern society where most of our personal information lives in digital form. Although there is a significant variety of biometrics, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are a useful technique to guarantee that the person is alive, they are universal, and not falsifiable. Nevertheless, EEG processing needs to address some challenges to become a viable technique to build production-ready biometric systems. These challenges include the adequate selection of features and channels that maximize the quality of the results and optimize resources. This work provides an analysis of which are the most important features and channels for the correct operation of a biometric system. The experimental analysis worked with two datasets and evaluated 19 features belonging to three groups, wavelet-based, spectral, and complexity. Five classifiers were trained: multilayer perceptron, AdaBoost, random forest, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbors. The results found that the best feature for developing a biometric system is the standard deviation extracted from the coefficients of a three-level discrete wavelet transform. Additionally, the experimental results with the two datasets showed that the proposed method for channel selection can reduce the necessary number of channels while maintaining its performance. Our results, from one of the datasets, showed a reduction of 21 channels (from 32 to 11) and indicated that the best channels to develop biometric systems seem to be those located on the central area of the scalp.
Mi-Go: tool which uses YouTube as data source for evaluating general-purpose speech recognition machine learning models
Authors: Wojnar Tomasz , Hryszko Jarosław , Roman Adam
Published: May 2024

This article introduces Mi-Go, a tool aimed at evaluating the performance and adaptability of general-purpose speech recognition machine learning models across diverse real-world scenarios. The tool leverages YouTube as a rich and continuously updated data source, accounting for multiple languages, accents, dialects, speaking styles, and audio quality levels. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the tool, an experiment was conducted, by using Mi-Go to evaluate state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition machine learning models. The evaluation involved a total of 141 randomly selected YouTube videos. The results underscore the utility of YouTube as a valuable data source for evaluation of speech recognition models, ensuring their robustness, accuracy, and adaptability to diverse languages and acoustic conditions. Additionally, by contrasting the machine-generated transcriptions against human-made subtitles, the Mi-Go tool can help pinpoint potential misuse of YouTube subtitles, like search engine optimization.
Neurophysiological insights into sequential decision-making: exploring the secretary problem through ERPs and TBR dynamics
Authors: Mizrahi Dor , Laufer Ilan , Zuckerman Inon
Published: May 2024

Decision-making under uncertainty, a cornerstone of human cognition, is encapsulated by the “secretary problem” in optimal stopping theory. Our study examines this decision-making challenge, where participants are required to sequentially evaluate and make irreversible choices under conditions that simulate cognitive overload. We probed neurophysiological responses by engaging 27 students in a secretary problem simulation while undergoing EEG monitoring, focusing on Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) P200 and P400, and Theta to Beta Ratio (TBR) dynamics.

Results revealed a nuanced pattern: the P200 component’s amplitude declined from the initial to the middle offers, suggesting a diminishing attention span as participants grew accustomed to the task. This attenuation reversed at the final offer, indicating a heightened cognitive processing as the task concluded. In contrast, the P400 component’s amplitude peaked at the middle offer, hinting at increased cognitive evaluation, and tapered off at the final decision. Additionally, TBR dynamics illustrated a fluctuation in attentional control and emotional regulation throughout the decision-making sequence, enhancing our understanding of the cognitive strategies employed.

The research elucidates the dynamic interplay of cognitive processes in high-stakes environments, with neurophysiological markers fluctuating significantly as participants navigated sequential choices. By correlating these fluctuations with decision-making behavior, we provide insights into the evolving strategies from heightened alertness to strategic evaluation. Our findings offer insights that could inform the use of neurophysiological data in the development of decision-making frameworks, potentially contributing to the practical application of cognitive research in real-life contexts.
Detection and recognition of Chinese porcelain inlay images of traditional Lingnan architectural decoration based on YOLOv4 technology
Authors: Li Yanyu , Zhao Mingyi , Mao Jingyi , Chen Yile , Zheng Liang , Yan Lina
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of machine learning technology, it has become possible to automatically identify cultural heritage elements in traditional buildings. This research aimed to develop a machine learning model based on the YOLOv4 architecture to identify the traditional Chinese porcelain inlay pattern in the Lingnan region. The researchers collected and annotated a large quantity of Lingnan Chinese porcelain inlay image data and then used these data to train the studied model. The research results show that (1) the model in this study was specifically adjusted to effectively identify a variety of Chinese porcelain inlay pattern types, including traditional patterns such as plum blossoms and camellias. (2) In the 116th epoch, the model showed excellent generalization ability, and the verification loss reached the lowest value of 0.88. The lowest training loss in the 195th epoch was 0.99, indicating that the model reached an optimal balance point for both recognition accuracy and processing speed. (3) By comparing different models for detecting Chinese porcelain inlay images across 581 pictures, our YOLOv4 model demonstrated greater accuracy in most classification tasks than did the YOLOv8 model, especially in the classification of chrysanthemums, where it achieved an accuracy rate of 87.5%, significantly outperforming YOLOv8 by 58.82%. However, the study also revealed that under certain conditions, such as detecting apples and pears in low-light environments, YOLOv8 showed a lower missing data rate, highlighting the limitations of our model in dealing with complex detection conditions.
Conversion surgery for gastric remnant cancer with liver metastasis after nivolumab combination chemotherapy achieving pathological complete response: a case report and literature review
Authors: Katsumata Kaori , Morimoto Yosuke , Aoyama Junya , Yamada Toru , Katsuki Yusuke , Nishiyama Ryo , Egawa Tomohisa
Published: May 2024

Background

Nivolumab combination chemotherapy has recently emerged as a potential first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer (GC). Further research has indicated that R0 resection by conversion surgery could be an effective treatment strategy to improve overall survival. However, there have been limited reports on the successful application of conversion surgery following combination chemotherapy achieving pathological complete response (pCR) in cases of advanced gastric remnant cancer with liver metastasis. Here, we present a case of long-term survival in a patient who underwent this treatment.

Case presentation

A 54-year-old man was initially referred to our department for treatment of stage III (cT3N1M0) gastric cancer where he underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection. After a year of uneventful follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with a tumor in the gastric remnant combined with liver metastasis, resulting in a diagnosis of stage IV (cT3N0M1) gastric remnant cancer. Subsequently, the patient was treated with four cycles of TS-1, Oxaliplatin, and Nivolumab as the first-line regimen. Remarkably, both the remnant tumor and liver metastasis exhibited significant shrinkage, and no new lesions were found. Given this response, conversion surgery was performed to achieve complete resection of the remnant gastric cancer and liver metastasis, followed by laparoscopic remnant gastrectomy and partial hepatectomy. Pathological examination revealed the absence of residual carcinoma cells and lymph node metastases. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for 1 year, and survived without recurrence for 18 months after conversion surgery.

Conclusions

Nivolumab combination chemotherapy shows promise as a clinically beneficial treatment approach for gastric remnant cancer with liver metastasis, particularly when pCR can be achieved following conversion surgery.
Trial of Electronic Medical Record Integrated Next-Generation Sequencing Ordering in Veterans Affairs Cancer Care
Authors: Stoeckle James H. , Poland Sarah G. , Maynard Hannah , Roman Stefanie D. , Mettman Daniel , Makarov Danil V. , Sherman Scott , Becker Daniel J.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Previous studies document underuse of next-generation sequencing (NGS). We examined the impact to oncology care for veterans of incorporating NGS ordering into the Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic medical record (EMR) at two New York City VA Medical Centers.

METHODS

We identified patients with non–small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer with oncology clinic visits and NGS testing indications between January and December 2021. Patients were divided into external ordering (EO) with visits before we implemented an EMR ordering system for NGS in July 2021, and internal ordering (IO) with visits after this date. The primary outcome was proportion of NGS testing performed in EO versus IO groups. Secondary outcomes were time between metastatic disease diagnosis to receipt of test by vendor, time of metastatic diagnosis to result, and proportion of testing by race.

RESULTS

A total of 168 patients were identified, 116 EO and 52 IO patients. Between IO and EO periods, testing significantly increased from 52% to 87% ( P ≤ .01); it was conducted more quickly, with time from metastatic diagnosis to sample receipt by the NGS vendor improving to median 37 days from 299 days ( P = .03); and the time from documented metastatic disease to a test result improved to median 56 days from 309 days ( P = .03). The proportion of tissue received by the vendor was not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in testing according to self-reported race.

CONCLUSION

Integration of NGS ordering in the EMR led to increased proportion and speed of testing for a vulnerable patient population served by the country's largest health system.
Racial and Ethnic Representation in Local Government
Authors: Beach Brian , Jones Daniel B. , Twinam Tate , Walsh Randall
Published: May 2024

Does the presence of underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in a legislative body differentially impact outcomes for members of those groups? We study close elections between White and non-White candidates for California city council and the corresponding impact on housing values, a summary statistic for neighborhood investment. We find electing non-White rather than White candidates generates differential home value gains in majority non-White neighborhoods. This result, which is not explained by correlations between candidate race and political affiliation or neighborhood racial composition and income, suggests that increased representation can reduce racial disparities. Our results strengthen with increased city-level segregation and council member pivotality. (JEL D72, J15, R23)
Hospital Queues, Patient Health, and Labor Supply
Authors: Godøy Anna , Haaland Venke F. , Huitfeldt Ingrid , Votruba Mark
Published: May 2024

Long waits for health care raise concerns about the consequences of delayed treatment. We use variation in queue congestion to estimate effects of wait time for orthopedic surgery. We do not find that longer wait times lead to increased health care utilization. However, we do find persistent reductions in labor supply: long waits increase medium to long-term work absences and permanent disability receipt. Effects are driven by individuals who are on sick leave at referral. Our results are consistent with patterns of state dependence, where extended periods of temporary disability while awaiting treatment create persistent barriers to returning to work. (JEL I11, I12, I18, J22)
Time Aggregation in Health Insurance Deductibles
Authors: Hong Long , Mommaerts Corina
Published: May 2024

Health insurance plans increasingly pay for expenses only beyond a large annual deductible. This paper explores the implications of deductibles that reset over shorter timespans. We develop a model of insurance demand between two actuarially equivalent deductible policies in which one deductible is larger and resets annually and the other deductible is smaller and resets biannually. Our model incorporates borrowing constraints, moral hazard, midyear contract switching, and delayable care. Calibrations using claims data show that the liquidity benefits of resetting deductibles can generate welfare gains of 3–10 percent of premium costs, particularly for individuals with borrowing constraints. (JEL D15, D82, G22, G51, G52, I13)
Understanding the Link between Temperature and Crime
Authors: Cohen François , Gonzalez Fidel
Published: May 2024

The correlation between hot weather and crime is well documented but not fully understood. We combine millions of administrative records, victimization surveys on unreported crime, and daily weather information to analyze the effect of temperatures on crime in Mexico. We find that sample selection cannot explain the observed positive correlation between temperature and crime. Moreover, we find that shifts in alcohol consumption and time use on weekends are responsible for 28 percent of temperature-induced crimes. We also observe changes in the hour and location of crimes, providing new evidence on the importance of time use as a determinant of crime. (JEL D91, K42, O13, O17, Q54)
The essential role of architectural noncoding RNANeat1in cold-induced beige adipocyte differentiation in mice
Authors: Toya Hikaru , Okamatsu-Ogura Yuko , Yokoi Saori , Kurihara Misuzu , Mito Mari , Iwasaki Shintaro , Hirose Tetsuro , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: May 2024

Neat1is an architectural RNA that provides the structural basis for nuclear bodies known as paraspeckles. Although the assembly processes by whichNeat1organizes paraspeckle components are well-documented, the physiological functions ofNeat1are not yet fully understood. This is partly becauseNeat1knockout (KO) mice, lacking paraspeckles, do not exhibit overt phenotypes under normal laboratory conditions. During our search for conditions that elicit clear phenotypes inNeat1KO mice, we discovered that the differentiation of beige adipocytes—inducible thermogenic cells that emerge upon cold exposure—is severely impaired in these mutant mice.Neat1_2, the architectural isoform ofNeat1, is transiently upregulated during the early stages of beige adipocyte differentiation, coinciding with increased paraspeckle formation. Genes with altered expression during beige adipocyte differentiation typically cluster at specific chromosomal locations, some of which move closer to paraspeckles upon cold exposure. These observations suggest that paraspeckles might coordinate the regulation of these gene clusters by controlling the activity of certain transcriptional condensates that coregulate multiple genes. We propose that our findings highlight a potential role forNeat1and paraspeckles in modulating chromosomal organization and gene expression, potentially crucial processes for the differentiation of beige adipocytes.
Οι κοινωνικά υπεύθυνες δημόσιες συμβάσεις ως εργαλείο ανάπτυξης της κοινωνικής οικονομίας
Authors: Λαμπρινίδης Λάμπρος
Published: May 2024

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας Διατριβής είναι οι Κοινωνικά Υπεύθυνες Δημόσιες Συμβάσεις ή Προμήθειες (ΚΥΔΠ) ως εργαλείο ανάπτυξης της Κοινωνικής Οικονομίας. Οι Δημόσιες Προμήθειες δεν αποτελούν πλέον μια απλή διαδικασία των αναθετουσών αρχών, προκειμένου να αποκτήσουν τα αναγκαία αγαθά και τις απαραίτητες υπηρεσίες για τη συνέχιση των δραστηριοτήτων τους. Μέσω των Προμηθειών, ο Δημόσιος Τομέας, αξιοποιώντας την αγοραστική του δύναμη, μπορεί να επιδιώκει στρατηγικούς και άλλους ευρύτερους στόχους (EU Commission, 2017). Δεν αποτελεί καινούργια ιδέα η χρησιμοποίηση των Δημόσιων Προμηθειών ως εργαλείο στήριξης ευπαθών κοινωνικών ομάδων, καθώς για περίπου δύο αιώνες οι ΚΥΔΠ αξιοποιούνται ήδη από τη Μ. Βρετανία και τις ΗΠΑ (McCrudden, 2006).Μέσω της παρουσίασης πρακτικών ΚΥΔΠ από Κράτη εντός και εκτός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ο/η αναγνώστης/στρια θα έχει την ευκαιρία να αντιληφθεί τη σπουδαιότητα των Δημόσιων Προμηθειών ως εργαλείου αντιμετώπισης των κοινωνικών προβλημάτων, καθώς και στήριξης ευρύτερων δημόσιων πολιτικών. Οι θεσμικές, πολιτικές και διοικητικές ανεπάρκειες, που αντιμετωπίζουν τα Στελέχη του Δημοσίου Τομέα κατά την εμπλοκή τους με τις Δημόσιες Προμήθειες, αποτελούν σημαντικές προκλήσεις που χρήζουν άμεσης αντιμετώπισης, καθώς ελλοχεύει ο κίνδυνος απαξίωσης των ΚΥΔΠ τόσο από τις αναθέτουσες αρχές όσο και από τους Φορείς της Κοινωνικής Οικονομίας (ΦΚΟ). Επιπλέον, αναγκαία συνθήκη για αύξηση συμμετοχής των ΦΚΟ στην αγορά των Δημοσίων Προμηθειών αποτελεί η ανάπτυξη ενός κατάλληλου οικοσυστήματος, που θα συμβάλλει στην δημιουργία σχέσεων εμπιστοσύνης και συνεργασίας μεταξύ των εν λόγω Φορέων και των αναθετουσών αρχών.
REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ABOUT THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE FUTURE SPOUSE
Authors: Bezvikonnaya Elena V. , Gydova Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2024

In the context of the dispositivity of the norms of family law, which enshrine the right of future spouses to undergo a medical examination before marriage registration, law enforcement practice is being formed, which makes it difficult to implement this rule of law. The reason is the absence of authorized entities who are obliged to inform about this right and the procedure for passing a medical examination. The purpose of the article is to identify contradictions in the practice of applying the norms of family law on medical examination of persons entering into marriage and to develop proposals to eliminate them. The subject of the study is the institute of personal rights and freedoms of spouses, which includes a dispositive rule on the right of future spouses to undergo a medical examination.
The result of the study is proposals for amendments to family law and legislation in the field of health protection. The novelty of the research lies in the generalization of the practice of legal support for medical examination of persons entering into marriage. Based on foreign and Russian experience, the opinions of the expert community, proposals for amendments to the family legislation of the Russian Federation are formulated. For the science of family law, the article is of interest, since expert positions on key problematic aspects of medical examination are summarized, and the author's point of view on the need to replace the dispositive norm with an imperative norm is substantiated. The component of scientific novelty is the author's assessment of foreign experience in regulating legal norms, based on the belonging of states to the Romano-German or Anglo-Saxon legal systems.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGIME OF THE NORTHERN DELIVERY AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AND THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Goncharuk Galina V.
Published: May 2024

Achieving “accelerated social and economic development” of the Russian North and the Arctic presupposes, among other things, the uninterrupted supply of hard-to-reach territories, to which there is no year-round access by land transport, with essential goods (food, medicine, fuel). At different periods of time, different delivery schemes were used to supply such territories - with a greater or lesser degree of state participation. Thus, during the Soviet period, northern deliveries were carried out entirely at the expense of the state. All experts note the high level of organization, the absence of failures, the wide range and volume of all necessary goods. With the country's transition to a market economy, the implementation of northern delivery activities was transferred to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The decentralized model is characterized by disruptions in the supply of goods, their narrow range, low volume and inflated prices. Since 2024, a new special federal law on northern delivery has come into force, and by-laws are being actively developed and adopted to regulate the processes of delivering goods to hard-to-reach areas of the country. An analysis of the newly adopted regulatory documents indicates a return to centralized state management of northern deliveries. Conducting research on the role of public administration in the process of implementing northern delivery and its impact on the socio-economic development of the North and the Arctic is timely, which represents the relevance of the article. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn that state regulation of northern imports today is the basis for the socio-economic development of the North and Arctic of Russia.
STATE POLICY TO COUNTER CRIME IN BORDER REGIONS IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY
Authors: Dieva Maya G. , Zijadova Dureja Z.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Crime in border regions poses the greatest danger to society and the state in the digital world. During the period of digitalization of society, the problem of criminal law risks with the use of information technology is becoming more dangerous, large-scale and intractable. As you know, the era of the dominance of digital technologies has not only positive consequences, opening up new opportunities for the development of society and the state, but also creates additional criminal threats to national security. In such circumstances, government policy is aimed at building an effective system of digital confrontation. In a digital society, the crime prevention system in the border regions of the Russian Federation, although based on the unified legal framework of state policy in the field of combating crime, cannot be the same for all regions of the country. Its construction should take into account regional economic, social, demographic, ethno-confessional, territorial, historical, cultural and national characteristics.
Purpose and methods. The purpose of the scientific report is to summarize the criminal risks of digitalization for the national security of border regions and to analyze some areas of state policy in the field of combating crime in a digital society. To achieve this goal, the research uses methods of analysis and synthesis; generalization of expert opinions in various fields of science, materials of legal statistics and investigative practice; analysis of messages in mass media; dialectical and sociological methods.
Conclusion. The digitalization of society is associated with an increase in the number of criminal law risks in all areas of public life. At the same time, the development of digital technologies also affects the successful organization of preventive activities within the framework of public policy. The use of achievements in the field of digital technologies makes it possible to significantly improve the criminal procedure and penal enforcement policy of
THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATING GALA POTATOES ON THE YIELD OF TUBERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ZAKAMYE REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Davletov Kamil' , Shaykhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor , Garaev Razil
Published: May 2024

An assessment of the impact of various areas and food conditions on potato yields in the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan has been carried out. It was found that on leached chernozems, as the number of tubers planted on different nutrient backgrounds increased from 30 to 60 thousand pieces/ha, the yield of potato tubers of the Gala variety increased on average over 2 years from 25.2 to 29.2 t/ha in the control, against the background of the use of fertilizers from 31.0-34.8 and 32.4-38.7 tons/ha . However, the maximum yield minus the weight of the planting material of 25.2...31.1 and 35.1 t/ha had a clear, pronounced maximum at a certain optimal planting rate of 50 thousand tubers/ha. The effect of the nutrition background on the number of stems of one bush was insignificant, however, in terms of unit area, the number of stems against the background of N60P60K90 with a planting density of 50 thousand tubers exceeded the control (without fertilizers) by 3.41 thousand pieces, and against the background of N60P60K90 - by 100 thousand pieces. + When applying 60 tons of manure, this difference amounted to 4.38 thousand pieces, which ultimately affected the formation of the tuber harvest. The largest assimilation surface – 44.6...46.7 thousand m2/ha was noted in the fertilized variants of the experiment with a planting density of 60 thousand tubers per 1 ha. The excess compared to the control was 6.3...8.4 thousand m2/ha. The use of fertilizers in potato cultivation led to a slight decrease in the starch content in tubers by 1.4...2.1% with a planting density of 50 thousand tubers per 1 hectare. As the planting density increased, regardless of the nutritional background, the starch content increased by 1.1% on the control and by 0.8...0.9% on the fertilized backgrounds.
Cerium Modified Nanocrystalline SmFeO3 for Ethanol Sensing
Authors: Mankar R. B. , Kapse V. D.
Published: May 2024

Presently, detection of ethanol has become essential in various fields due to its adverse effects on human beings. For selective detection of ethanol, chemiresistive gas sensors are widely investigated. Modified ABO3 type perovskites have shown their potential in the fabrication of chemiresistive gas sensors. In present work, SmFeO3 perovskite oxide based thick films were fabricated and surface modified with cerium by simple dipping technique. The structural properties of the samples were studied by Field EEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The results of FE-SEM indicate that average grain size was in nano range and Ce-modified SmFeO3 films were comparatively more porous than pure SmFeO3 film. This porous nature of film favors gas sensing mechanism. The results of EDS suggest that Ce was deposited on the surface of SmFeO3 films. The gas response of pure SmFeO3 film was tested towards LPG, CO2, NH3, H2, C2H5OH, Cl2, and H2S gases and observed that SmFeO3 film exhibited good response to ethanol (C2H5OH). Among modified samples, Ce-modified SmFeO3 film (dipping time 5 min) exhibited excellent ethanol sensing properties such as , maximum response (16.87 at 1000C ), response time (24 sec), recovery time (34 sec), excellent stability, and good selectivity towards ethanol. Thus Ce-modified SmFeO3 is a potential material in the fabrication of ethanol sensor. The impacts of Ce modification on the gas sensing performance of the SmFeO3 sensor ware discussed in detail.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Silico Studies of Novel (E)-4-(((3-(substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide as Diuretic Agents
Authors: Panchal Viswaskumar , Gadhawala Zakirhusen , Malaviya Arun , Prajapati Shreekant
Published: May 2024

This research delves into the examination of benzene sulphonamide derivatives featuring pyrazole rings as potential diuretics. Concentrating on their role as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCA), the investigation aims to unveil a groundbreaking diuretic drug. Six innovative benzenesulfonamide derivatives are synthesized utilizing a conventional heating process. Subsequently, employing AutoDock Vina 1.2.3, these compounds undergo molecular docking assessments and pharmacokinetic predictions at the active sites of hCA I and hCA II, while the SwissADME program is employed for pharmacokinetic forecasting. Notably, Compounds 17 and 19 exhibit robust binding affinities with hCA I and II, respectively, as evidenced by the docking study. ADME studies reveal favorable bioavailability and adherence to PAINS alerts, as well as Lipinski's rule of five requirements. Consequently, based on the findings, these compounds exhibit significant potential as diuretics in comparison to well-established acetazolamide medications.
ϒ-Alumina Vanadate (AlV2O7) Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Ahirwar Ranjana Choudhary , Ahirwar Rajesh Babu
Published: May 2024

Solution combustion Method for synthesis of alumina nanoparticles in a microwave oven represents a well-established technique for the fabrication of bimetallic metal oxide nanomaterials. In this process, citric acid functions as a pivotal fuel, facilitating the combustion of single-phase oxide materials and enabling the synthesis of multiphase nanomaterials. Utilizing self-propagating combustion methods with citric acid as the fuel source, nanoscale Alumina vanadate (AlV2O7) materials can be successfully synthesized. The synthesis procedure involves the ignition of Aluminum oxide (AlO2) and ammonium meta-vanadate (NH4 (VO3)) in an open environment, allowing complete combustion to occur within approximately 15 minutes in a microwave setting. The precursor concentrations used 13.31 g/50 ml for Aluminum oxide and 0.7291 g/50 ml for ammonium meta-vanadate. Heating parameters included a microwave power of 2.45GHZ 800 watts and a reaction time of 15 minutes. Subsequent research endeavors have focused on investigating the adsorption behavior of lead and mercury ions onto the resultant sample. Due to the impressive adsorption active sites that are present on the sample, this sample exhibits significant adsorption. The produced metal oxide sample behaves well as adsorbents for heavy metal ions, according to an adsorption research. , and their potential applications can be use as Catalysis, sensing, Energy Storage, Environmental Remediation. The structural characteristics of the as-prepared AlV2O7 and the adsorbed sample were meticulously examined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphological analysis of the freshly synthesized AlV2O7 and the adsorbed sample material was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). FTIR Analysis was also employed to characterize the functional groups present the peak 3800 cm-1 corresponds to the water of absorption's vibration frequency at 1089 cm- are assigned to the V=O stretching mode. RAMAN (125.1, 213.6 and 307.2 cm-1 is assigned to AlO2) and The band appeared at 702 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum can be ascribed to stretching vibration of short V=O bond. Furthermore, a comprehensive study was carried out to evaluate the adsorption efficacy of heavy metal ions onto the AlV2O7 sample at ambient temperature (400-600℃).
A Conceptual DFT Based Analysis of Thermodynamic and Global Reactivity Parameter Indices for Pyrogallol Based Complex with Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ Metal ions
Authors: Kumar Pramod , A Amardeep , M Meenakshi , Dangi Vijay , J Jitender , Arya Brahamdutt
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal ions are a major concern due to their ability to harm both people and the environment. Heavy metal ion toxicity has been shown to be significantly reduced by schiff base biomimetic ligands. We have investigated the thermodynamic and stability parameters for Schiff base ligand MEP - trivalent metal ions (Al3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+) complexes based on pyrogallol using DFT and TD-DFT methodologies. In order to propose the function of these metal-ligand complexes in various biological, sensing, and catalytic applications, we have also conducted conceptual density functional theory analysis. We have given the capabilities of MEP-Al3+, MEP-Cr3+, and MEP-Fe3+ complexes to a wide range of industrial and research-based applications, with the primary motto of "Waste to riches" as our guiding principle. TD-DFT, conceptual DFT, and DFT were used in our joint investigation, which led to this conclusion.
Quantum Chemical Computation on Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectra, Hirschfield Surface, HOMO–LUMO and MEP Analysis of Biologically Active Benzyl Hydrazinecarbodithioate
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Shrivastava Prashant , Bhadauriya Mahendra Singh
Published: May 2024

In this study benzyl hydrazinecarbodithioate (BHDTC) has been subjected to computational calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) , Hartree fock (HF) methods with split-valence triple-zeta 6-311G(3df,3pd) Pople style basis sets and semi-empirical methods, Modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO), Parametric method 3 (PM3), Austin model 1 (AM1), Recife model 1 (RM1), Parametric method 6 (PM6) and Parametric method 7 (PM7) were utilized to investigate various properties of BHDTC like, structural parameters, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), softness (S), HOMO, (LUMO), Ionization potential (I), Hirshfeld surface and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. DFT/Becke, 3-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) approach was also utilized to get theoretical infrared frequencies. The experimental and theoretical structural parameters and IR frequencies were compared methodically, demonstrating a significant degree of consistency between the experimental and theoretical results.
Surgical management of proximal femoral unicameral bone cyst in children
Authors: Maximen Julien , Jeantet Rose-Elisabeth , Violas Philippe
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical treatment with the best healing rate for patients with proximal femoral unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) after initial surgery, and to determine which procedure has the lowest adverse event burden during follow-up.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective study was conducted in 20 tertiary paediatric hospitals in France, Belgium, and Switzerland, and included patients aged < 16 years admitted for UBC treatment in the proximal femur from January 1995 to December 2017. UBCs were divided into seven groups based on the index treatment, which included elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) insertion with or without percutaneous injection or grafting, percutaneous injection alone, curettage and grafting alone, and insertion of other orthopaedic hardware with or without curettage.

Results

A total of 201 patients were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.7 years (SD 3.9); 77% (n = 156) were male. The mean follow-up was 9.4 years (SD 3.9). ESIN insertion without complementary procedure had a 67% UBC healing rate after the first operation (vs 30% with percutaneous injection alone (p = 0.027), 43% with curettage and grafting (p = 0.064), and 21% with insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p < 0.001) or 36% alone (p = 0.014)). ESIN insertion with percutaneous injection presented a 79% healing rate, higher than percutaneous injection alone (p = 0.017), curettage and grafting (p = 0.028), and insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p < 0.001) or alone (p = 0.014). Patients who underwent ESIN insertion with curettage had a 53% healing rate, higher than insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p = 0.009). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 25% and did not differ between groups (p = 0.228). A total of 32 limb length discrepancies were identified.

Conclusion

ESIN insertion, either alone or combined with percutaneous injection or curettage and grafting, may offer higher healing rates than other operative procedures. Limb length discrepancy remains a major concern, and might be partly explained by the cyst’s location and the consequence of surgery. Therefore, providing information about this risk is crucial.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):508–514.
Virtual biomechanical assessment of porous tantalum and custom triflange components in the treatment of patients with acetabular defects and pelvic discontinuity
Authors: Callary Stuart A. , Broekhuis Demien , Barends Jessica , Ramasamy Boopalan , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Solomon Lucian B. , Kaptein Bart L.
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical models of two frequently used techniques for reconstructing severe acetabular defects with pelvic discontinuity in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) – the Trabecular Metal Acetabular Revision System (TMARS) and custom triflange acetabular components (CTACs) – using virtual modelling.

Methods

Pre- and postoperative CT scans from ten patients who underwent revision with the TMARS for a Paprosky IIIB acetabular defect with pelvic discontinuity were retrospectively collated. Computer models of a CTAC implant were designed from the preoperative CT scans of these patients. Computer models of the TMARS reconstruction were segmented from postoperative CT scans using a semi-automated method. The amount of bone removed, the implant-bone apposition that was achieved, and the restoration of the centre of rotation of the hip were compared between all the actual TMARS and the virtual CTAC implants.

Results

The median amount of bone removed for TMARS reconstructions was significantly greater than for CTAC implants (9.07 cm3 (interquartile range (IQR) 5.86 to 21.42) vs 1.16 cm3 (IQR 0.42 to 3.53) (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the median overall implant-bone apposition between TMARS reconstructions and CTAC implants (54.8 cm2 (IQR 28.2 to 82.3) vs 56.6 cm2 (IQR 40.6 to 69.7) (p = 0.683). However, there was significantly more implant-bone apposition within the residual acetabulum (45.2 cm2 (IQR 28.2 to 72.4) vs 25.5 cm2 (IQR 12.8 to 44.1) (p = 0.001) and conversely significantly less apposition with the outer cortex of the pelvis for TMARS implants compared with CTAC reconstructions (0 cm2 (IQR 0 to 13.1) vs 23.2 cm2 (IQR 16.4 to 30.6) (p = 0.009). The mean centre of rotation of the hip of TMARS reconstructions differed by a mean of 11.1 mm (3 to 28) compared with CTAC implants.

Conclusion

In using TMARS, more bone is removed, thus achieving more implant-bone apposition within the residual acetabular bone. In CTAC implants, the amount of bone removed is minimal, while the implant-bone apposition is more evenly distributed between the residual acetabulum and the outer cortex of the pelvis. The differences suggest that these implants used to treat pelvic discontinuity might achieve short- and long-term stability through different biomechanical mechanisms.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):74–81.
Incidence, treatment, and outcomes of modern dual-mobility intraprosthetic dissociations
Authors: Mallett Katherine E. , Guarin Perez Sergio F. , Taunton Michael J. , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Dual-mobility (DM) components are increasingly used to prevent and treat dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intraprosthetic dissociation (IPD) is a rare complication of DM that is believed to have decreased with contemporary implants. This study aimed to report incidence, treatment, and outcomes of contemporary DM IPD.

Methods

A total of 1,453 DM components were implanted at a single academic institution between January 2010 and December 2021: 695 in primary and 758 in revision THA. Of these, 49 presented with a dislocation of the large DM head and five presented with an IPD. At the time of closed reduction of the large DM dislocation, six additional IPDs occurred. The mean age was 64 years (SD 9.6), 54.5% were female (n = 6), and mean follow-up was 4.2 years (SD 1.8). Of the 11 IPDs, seven had a history of instability, five had abductor insufficiency, four had prior lumbar fusion, and two were conversions for failed fracture management.

Results

The incidence of IPD was 0.76%. Of the 11 IPDs, ten were missed either at presentation or after attempted reduction. All ten patients with a missed IPD were discharged with a presumed reduction. The mean time from IPD to surgical treatment was three weeks (0 to 23). One patient died after IPD prior to revision. Of the ten remaining hips with IPD, the DM head was exchanged in two, four underwent acetabular revision with DM exchange, and four were revised to a constrained liner. Of these, five (50%) underwent reoperation at a mean 1.8 years (SD 0.73), including one additional acetabular revision. No patients who underwent initial acetabular revision for IPD treatment required subsequent reoperation.

Conclusion

The overall rate of IPD was low at 0.76%. It is essential to identify an IPD on radiographs as the majority were missed at presentation or after iatrogenic dissociation. Surgeons should consider acetabular revision for IPD to allow conversion to a larger DM head, and take care to remove impinging structures that may increase the risk of subsequent failure.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):98–104.
A novel quantitative grading system for implant fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: d'Amato Michele , Flevas Dimitrios A. , Salari Paolo , Bornes Troy D. , Brenneis Marco , Boettner Friedrich , Sculco Peter K. , Baldini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Aims

Obtaining solid implant fixation is crucial in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) to avoid aseptic loosening, a major reason for re-revision. This study aims to validate a novel grading system that quantifies implant fixation across three anatomical zones (epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis).

Methods

Based on pre-, intra-, and postoperative assessments, the novel grading system allocates a quantitative score (0, 0.5, or 1 point) for the quality of fixation achieved in each anatomical zone. The criteria used by the algorithm to assign the score include the bone quality, the size of the bone defect, and the type of fixation used. A consecutive cohort of 245 patients undergoing rTKA from 2012 to 2018 were evaluated using the current novel scoring system and followed prospectively. In addition, 100 first-time revision cases were assessed radiologically from the original cohort and graded by three observers to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the novel radiological grading system.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 90 months (64 to 130), only two out of 245 cases failed due to aseptic loosening. Intraoperative grading yielded mean scores of 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82 to 1.92) for the femur and 1.96 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.0) for the tibia. Only 3.7% of femoral and 1.7% of tibial reconstructions fell below the 1.5-point threshold, which included the two cases of aseptic loosening. Interobserver reliability for postoperative radiological grading was 0.97 for the femur and 0.85 for the tibia.

Conclusion

A minimum score of 1.5 points for each skeletal segment appears to be a reasonable cut-off to define sufficient fixation in rTKA. There were no revisions for aseptic loosening at mid-term follow-up when this fixation threshold was achieved or exceeded. When assessing first-time revisions, this novel grading system has shown excellent intra- and interobserver reliability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):468–474.
Revision rate in metal compared to ceramic humeral head total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Davies Andrew , Sabharwal Sanjeeve , Liddle Alexander D. , Zamora Talaya Maria B. , Rangan Amar , Reilly Peter
Published: May 2024

Aims

Metal and ceramic humeral head bearing surfaces are available choices in anatomical shoulder arthroplasties. Wear studies have shown superior performance of ceramic heads, however comparison of clinical outcomes according to bearing surface in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) is limited. This study aimed to compare the rates of revision and reoperation following metal and ceramic humeral head TSA and HA using data from the National Joint Registry (NJR), which collects data from England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and the States of Guernsey.

Methods

NJR shoulder arthroplasty records were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and the National Mortality Register. TSA and HA performed for osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with an intact rotator cuff were included. Metal and ceramic humeral head prostheses were matched within separate TSA and HA groups using propensity scores based on 12 and 11 characteristics, respectively. The primary outcome was time to first revision and the secondary outcome was non-revision reoperation.

Results

A total of 4,799 TSAs (3,578 metal, 1,221 ceramic) and 1,363 HAs (1,020 metal, 343 ceramic) were included. The rate of revision was higher for metal compared with ceramic TSA, hazard ratio (HR) 3.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67 to 6.58). At eight years, prosthesis survival for ceramic TSA was 98.7% (95% CI 97.3 to 99.4) compared with 96.4% (95% CI 95.2 to 97.3) for metal TSA. The majority of revision TSAs were for cuff insufficiency or instability/dislocation. There was no significant difference in the revision rate for ceramic compared with metal head HA (HR 1.33 (95% CI 0.76 to 2.34)). For ceramic HA, eight-year prosthetic survival was 92.8% (95% CI 86.9 to 96.1), compared with 91.6% (95% CI 89.3 to 93.5) for metal HA. The majority of revision HAs were for cuff failure.

Conclusion

The rate of all-cause revision was higher following metal compared with ceramic humeral head TSA in patients with OA and an intact rotator cuff. There was no difference in the revision rate for HA according to bearing surface.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):482–491.