bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Activities in The Kebun Rambutan Rakyat Sungai Lulut as a Learning Resource on Social Studies
Authors: Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Subiyakto Bambang , Hasanah Mahmudah
Published: May 2020

Ketersedian lahan untuk perkebunan dan persawahan yang mencapai 34% dari keseluruhan luas Kelurahan Sungai Lulut menjadikan sebagai masyarakatnya bergelut dengan mata pencaharian sebagai petani, khususnya pada RT 08 yang menggantungkan sebagian pendapatannya dari usaha perkebunan. Pemanfaatan lahan sebagai perkebunan tidak hanya berisi kegiatan masyarakat yang terikat dengan lingkungannya tetapi kegiatan masyarakat tersebut dapat mendukung terjadinya proses pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS melalui pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan kegiatan ekonomi pada kebun rambutan rakyat Kelurahan Sungai Lulut sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan melakukan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kebun rambutan rakyat kelurahan sungai lulut terdapat kegiatan ekonomi yang meliputi kegiatan produksi, kegiatan distribusi, dan kegiatan konsumsi. Kegiatan ekonomi di kebun rambutan rakyat Kelurahan Sungai Lulut dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar IPS karena relevan dengan materi pada kegiatan ekonomi kelas VII.
Environmental Awareness of Kampung Hijau Society, Sungai Bilu Banjarmasin
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Alfi , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin , Rahman Akhmad Munaya
Published: May 2020

Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sekitar merupakan masalah pada pengembangan berkelanjutan. Satu penyebab minimnya kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan adalah membuang sampah tidak pada tempatnya, sehingga hal semacam ini banyak pihak yang saling dirugikan. Bagi wilayah bantaran sungai, membuang sampah ke sungai sangat merugikan kelangsungan sungai. Di Banjarmasin, terdapat Kampung Hijau di Sungai Bilu dimana masyarakat memunculkan perilaku kepedulian lingkungan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku kepedulian lingkungan masyarakat di Kampung Hijau Sungai Bilu. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian di kawasan Kampung Hijau Sungai Bilu ini. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi dokumen foto, wawancara masyarakat Kampung Hijau Sungai Bilu, dan dokumentasi kawasan Kampung Hijau Sungai Bilu. Analisis data dimulai dari reduksi data untuk memilah data yang dianggap sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian, penyajian data, serta verifikasi data sesuai dengan apa yang ada di lapangan. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan Kampung Hijau Sungai Bilu ada lima yaitu perilaku masyarakat yang tidak lagi membuang sampah ke sungai, menanam dan merawat tanaman di pekarangan, melakukan penghematan air, mengadakan kegiatan gotong royong untuk membersihkan lingkungan, dan membagikan bibit-bibit tanaman kepada masyarakat.
Decide Now or Wait for the Next Forecast? A Decision Framework Based on an Extension of the Cost-Loss Model
Authors: Jewson Stephen , Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele
Published: May 2020

Users of meteorological forecasts are often faced with the question of whether to make a decision now based on the current forecast or whether to wait for the next and hopefully more accurate forecast before making the decision. One would imagine that the answer to this question should depend on the extent to which there is a benefit in making the decision now rather than later, combined with an understanding of how the skill of the forecast improves, and information about the possible size and nature of forecast changes. We extend the well-known cost-loss model for forecast-based decision making to capture an idealized version of this situation. We find that within this extended cost-loss model, the question of whether to decide now or wait depends on two specific aspects of the forecast, both of which involve probabilities of probabilities. For the special case of weather and climate forecasts in the form of normal distributions we derive a simulation algorithm, and equivalent analytical expressions, for calculating these two probabilities. We apply the algorithm to forecasts of temperature and find that the algorithm leads to better decisions relative to three simpler alternative decision-making schemes. Similar problems have been studied in many other fields, and we explore some of the connections.
Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures with Different Values of Relative Density Made from 316L by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
Authors: Płatek Paweł , Sienkiewicz Judyta , Janiszewski Jacek , Jiang Fengchun
Published: May 2020

Nine variants of regular lattice structures with different relative densities have been designed and successfully manufactured. The produced structures have been subjected to geometrical quality control, and the manufacturability of the implemented selective laser melting SLM technique has been assessed. It was found that the dimensions of the produced lattice struts differ from those of the designed struts. These deviations depend on the direction of geometrical evaluation. Additionally, the microstructures and phase compositions of the obtained structures were characterized and compared with those of conventionally produced 316L stainless steel. The microstructure analysis and X-Ray Diffraction XRD patterns revealed a single austenite phase in the SLM samples. Both a certain broadening and a displacement of the austenite peaks were observed due to residual stresses and a crystallographic texture induced by the SLM process. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the lattice structure material has been defined. It was demonstrated that under both quasi-static and dynamic testing, lattice structures with high relative densities are stretch-dominated, whereas those with low relative densities are bending-dominated. Moreover, the linear relationship between the energy absorption and relative density under dynamic loading conditions has been defined
Prevalence of Current Smoking and Association with Adverse Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Poulas Konstantinos , Polosa Riccardo , Barbouni Anastasia , Caponnetto Pasquale , Niaura Raymond
Published: May 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effects of current smoking on adverse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature (PubMed) for studies published until April 25. Studies were included into the analysis if they satisfied all of the following criteria: 1. To present hospitalized patients with COVID-19. 2. To classify patients into less and more severe disease, irrespective of the severity definition (defined as “adverse ourtcome”). 3. To present data on the smoking status, separately for each severity classification. We identified 18 (from a total of 1398) relevant studies. Pooled current smoking prevalence was compared with the gender-adjusted, population-based expected prevalence by calculating Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). The association between current, compared to non-current and former, smoking and adverse outcome was examined by calculating Odds Ratio (OR). All analyses were performed using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Among 6515 patients, 440 of whom were current smokers, the pooled prevalence of current smoking was 6.8% (95%CI: 4.8-9.1%) and the POR was 0.21 (95%CI: 0.16-0.26, P < 0.001). In Chinese studies only, the POR was 0.22 (95%CI: 0.17-0.27, P < 0.001). Current smokers were more likely to have an adverse outcome compared to non-current smokers (OR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.06-2.20, P = 0.022). However, they were less likely to have an adverse outcome compared to former smokers (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27-0.74, P = 0.003). Conclusion: An unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking was observed among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Hospitalized current smokers had higher odds compared to non-current smokers but lower odds compared to former smokers for an adverse outcome. The possibility that nicotine may have a protective effect in COVID-19 which may be masked by smoking-related toxicity and by the abrupt cessation of nicotine intake when smokers are hospitalized should be explored.
Liver Disease - A Concern in SARS-COV2 Infection
Authors: Mondal Prosenjit , Dogra Surbhi
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has resulted in a global pandemic. The clinical symptoms of the disease vary from mild illness to acute respiratory issues. Older age, diabetes, cardiac diseases predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Various reports mention the incidence of liver injury with transient elevations in the levels of aminotransferases (liver function enzymes). The clinical characteristics, etiology and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with liver damage in SARS-CoV2 infected patients need to be explored. This review highlights the severity of the hepatic injury in COVID-19.
Use of Blockchain Technology to Curb Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Transmission
Authors: Khatoon Asma
Published: May 2020

WHO was informed on 31 December 2019 of cases of unknown cause pneumonia in Wuhan City, China. On 7 January 2020 Chinese authorities reported a novel coronavirus as the cause and was temporarily labeled "2019-nCoV." Coronaviruses (CoV) are a wide family of viruses which cause diseases ranging from common cold to more serious illnesses. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain not previously found in humans. Countries around the globe have stepped up their surveillance to quickly detect any new 2019-nCoV cases. Blockchain is developing into a safe and efficient network for secure data sharing in applications such as the financial industry, operations management, food industry, energy market, the Internet of Things and healthcare. In this paper, we are using blockchain technology as a mean to share authentic data, tracking of relevant information and help speed up the treatment process. At the same time it will preserve person’s identity. Timely deployment and suitable implementation of the proposed model have the opportunity to curb COVID-19 transmissions and associated mortality, especially in environments with inadequate access to testing facilities. This work will also facilitate in the treatment of other infectious diseases. Smart contract have been designed and implemented using the ethereum blockchain platform which has been presented in this paper. This work would facilitate multiple stakeholders who are involved within the medical system to curb the transmission of this disease.
Impaired Social Skills as a Key Component of Clinical Depression: Associations with Severity of Illness, Self-Esteem, Family Functional Health Satisfaction, and Personality Features
Authors: Kurimoto Pitima , Lueboonthavatchai Peeraphon , Maes Michael
Published: May 2020

Background: Social skills deficits are present in 43.3% of major depressed patients and significantly impact health-related quality of life. However, studies concerning social deficits as state-dependent markers of depression are limited. Objective: To delineate the effects of severity of depression, personality characteristics, family support satisfaction and self-esteem on social skills in clinical depression. Methods: We recruited 150 patients with major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder and assessed 1) Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), 2) Social Skill Inventory (SSI), 3) Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve (APGAR) Questionnaire 4) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and 5) Maudsley Personal Inventory (MPI). Results: Social skills deficits were significantly associated with female gender, age < 40 years, depression severity, introvert / neurotic personality, and lowered family support satisfaction and self-esteem. A large part of the variance (47.2%) in social skills deficits was predicted by satisfaction of family support, introvert personality, and low self-esteem. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that a bifactorial model best fitted the data with a) a general factor loading highly on BDI-II, SSI emotional and social, APGAR, RSES, MPI_introvert and MPI_neurotic scores, and b) a single-group factor loading on both SSI, RSES, and MPI introvert scores. Conclusion: In clinical depression, social skills deficits covary with increasing severity of depression and thus constitute a state marker of depression, and independently from severity of depression covary with introvert personality features. As such, remission of social skills deficits may emerge as a novel objective for the treatment of depression and prevention of new episodes.
Facile Fabrication of Breathable and Superhydrophobic Fabric Based on Silica Nanoparticles and Amino‐Modified Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Hasanzadeh Mahdi , Far Hossein Shahriyari , Haji Aminoddin , Rosace Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

This work attempted to fabricate superhydrophobic fabric via simple immersion technique. Textile fabrics were coated with silica nanoparticles prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to obtain sufficient roughness with hydrophobic surface chemistry. Then the coated fabrics were treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to reduce the surface energy. The effects of PDMS concentration on the surface morphology and superhydrophobicity of as-prepared fabric were investigated. The morphology and the composition of superhydrophobic fabric was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed the formation of spherical silica nanoparticles with average particle size of 250 nm throughout the fabric surface. The possible interactions between silica nanoparticles and APTES, as well as the fabrics were elucidated. Investigating the hydrophobicity of fabrics via water contact angle (WCA) measurement showed that the treated fabric exhibits excellent water repellency with a water contact angle as high as 151° and a very low water sliding angle. It also found that the treated fabric maintained most of its hydrophobicity against repeated washing. The comfort properties of the obtained superhydrophobic fabrics in term of air permeability and bending length did not reveal any significant changes.
Immersive Gamification Platform for Manufacturing Shopfloor Training
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Toh Da Jun , Ding Xiaoming , Ng Keng Chong , Sin See Choon , Wong Yuen Choe
Published: May 2020

This paper shares our work in developing and implementing an immersive gamification training platform for students who undergo manufacturing shopfloor training at the School of Engineering, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore. In this gamification training platform, we developed a virtual manufacturing shopfloor that is identical to the actual shopfloor located in the school. Students have the freedom to learn the manufacturing shopfloor operations and safety acts through the various game scenarios and training tasks which include workshop safety, CNC machine introduction, CNC machining dynamics, MES, etc. In addition, the assessment feature with immediate feedback were embedded within the gamification platform, which aim to help students to assess their level of understanding and help teachers to monitor the learning progress of their students. To investigate the impact of this gamification training platform on students’ learning outcome and motivation in manufacturing shopfloor technologies and safety acts, a pilot study was conducted in AY2018 semester 2 for a total 134 students from 4 classes of digital & precision engineering diploma. It is found that gamification can be integrated effectively into manufacturing education to motivate students and enhance their learning effectiveness. Based on the collected data from the technical quizzes and satisfactory survey, the results showed that the integration of gamification into the classroom learning not only added a stimulating and captivating game-like layer to the learning experience of the students, but also provided a safe environment for students to learn without fear of making errors. Challenges faced in implementing this gamification training platform will also be discussed in this paper.
A Crispr-Cas9 System Designed to Introduce Point Mutations into the Human ACE2 Gene to Weaken the Interaction of the ACE2 Receptor with the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein
Authors: Tanaka Pedro , Santos Jadson , Oliveira Ernna , Miglioli Natane , Assis Amanda , Monteleone-Cassiano Ana , Ribeiro Vitor , Duarte Max , Machado Mayara , Mascarenhas Romario , Souza Alex , Brito Leticia , Oliveira Leticia , Donadi Eduardo , Passos Geraldo
Published: May 2020

The human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has a crucial role on blood pressure control; however, ACE2 is also the primary SARS-CoV-2 (S domain) virus receptor. Inhibiting or even reducing the expression of the native ACE2 might diminish the viral entry into the cells, but may cause a failure of ACE2 biological activity, primarily in patients with comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Since the ACE2 catalytic site and the SARS-Cov-2 receptor are distinct, we designed a Crispr-Cas9 model system, predicting the respective sequences for a guide RNA (gRNA) and a single-stranded oligo dideoxy nucleotide (ssODN), to introduce point mutations into the exon 1 of the human ACE2 gene, which encodes the alpha-helix, implicated on the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope S protein. Protein modeling predicted that the specific substitutions of residues Phe28, Lys31, and Tyr41 for Ala at the ACE2 alpha-helix do not significantly alter ACE2 native conformation. The analysis of the impact of these mutations on ACE2 receptor function predicted a weakening of the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 protein S. An experimental genome editing of cells based on these Crispr-Cas9 elements might reduce the SARS-CoV-2 ability to enter the epithelial cell, preserving the biological activity of ACE2 enzyme.
Vitamin D as a Preoperative Clinical Predictor for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Spinney Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to determine whether vitamin D is an effective modifiable nutritional marker to predict postoperative risks and outcomes for prosthetic joint infection (PJI). There is evidence-based research to demonstrate the positive correlation of hypovitaminosis D as a modifiable nutritional marker to decrease the incidence of PJI. Hypovitaminosis D is linked to many health issues. In patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery, hypovitaminosis D appears to be linked with PJIs.
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TUMBUH DAN PENGERINGAN TERHADAP FLAVONOID TOTAL SAMBANG COLOK (Iresine herbstii)
Authors: Safrina Devi , Priyambodo Wahyu Joko
Published: May 2020

Sambang Colok (Iresine herbstii) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang memberikan efek diuretik, anti-inflamasi, dan antipiretik. Sambang Colok merupakan tanaman yang dapat hidup dari dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan termasuk ketinggian. Proses pembuatan bahan jamu harus memenuhi beberapa kriteria parameter kualitas simplisia diantaranya flavonoid total. Kandungan kimia simplisia sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses pembuatan simplisia salah satunya adalah proses pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat tumbuh dan cara pengeringan terhadap kandungan flavonoid tanaman Sambang Colok. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan variasi ketinggian (1800 mpdl, 1200 mdpl, 600mdpl, dan 200mdpl) serta metode pengeringan (sinar matahari, oven dan kombinasi). Simplisia yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis biomasa dan kadar flavonoid totalnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada perlakuan ketinggian dan pengeringan, dimana perlakuan terbaik adalah pada tempat tumbuh dengan ketinggian 1200 mdpl dan pengeringan dengan menggunakan kombinasi sinar matahari dan oven atau pengeringan menggunakan oven

 

Effect of Altitude and Drying Method on Flavonoid of Sambang Colok (Iresine herbsti)

Sambang colok (Iresine herbstii) is one of the medicinal plants which has diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Sambang colok can live inlowlands and highlands. Plant growth and development is strongly influenced by the environment, including altitude. The process of making herbal medicine materials must meet the quality parameters of simplicia, i.e. total flavonoid content. Chemical content of simplicia is strongly influenced by the manufacturing process, one of which is the drying process. The aim of this research was to study the influence of altitude of planting land and drying methods on flavonoid content of sambang colok. The research was conducted using variations of altitude planting land (1800 masl, 1200 masl, 600masl, and 200masl) as well as the drying method (sun drying, oven drying and combination). Simplicia then analyzed for total biomass and flavonoid content. The result showed that altitude and drying methods gave significant effect on simplicia sambang colok, where the best result for flavonoid content obtained with altitude of 1200 masl and oven drying and combination of drying methods.
Factores relacionados con la conducta anticonceptiva en mujeres jóvenes: estudio mixto
Authors: Caudillo Ortega Lucía , Benavides-Torres Raquel Alicia , Harrison Tracie , Flores-Arias María Luisa , Vital-Ornelas Vianney Monserrat , Valdez-Montero Carolina
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Conocer los factores relacionados con la conducta anticonceptiva en mujeres mexicanas de 18 a 24 años, utilizando metodología mixta. Método. Se realizó un diseño concurrente transformativo, que permitió recolectar y analizar los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos simultáneamente, posteriormente combinarlos y obtener metainferencias del estudio. Resultados. Los resultados se obtuvieron de la combinación de los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, con la técnica de perfil promedio, se graficó la media general de las participantes y de cada una de las nueve entrevistadas de la fase cualitativa. Se crearon los perfiles narrativos para interpretar los resultados cuantitativos, se combinaron con las medias de la conducta anticonceptiva. Se encontró que los factores relacionados con la conducta anticonceptiva de las mujeres fueron la experiencia previa, las actitudes, el estigma, los beneficios, las barreras, el apoyo de la pareja, del personal de salud y el plan de acción que tenga la mujer para el uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Conclusiones. Las mujeres con medias altas, tenían un plan de acción definido para la conducta anticonceptiva y las mujeres sin un plan de acción tenían mayor probabilidad de no usar métodos anticonceptivos en sus relaciones sexuales y presentar un embarazo no planeado
The epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroids use among secondary students (Valencia-Spain)
Authors: Agulló Calatayud Víctor , Samper Gras Teresa , Aguilar Serrano Julia , Tomás Dols Sofía
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/Aims: The consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is continuously growing in recent years among young people. The purpose of the current study was to examine the proportion of students who reported AAS use, explore other drug use among them and finally to determine the sociodemographic profile of the AAS consumption amongst a sample of students in the Valencian Region (Spain).Methods: Data was taken from a self-administrated survey of a representative sample of 11,162 Valencian students. A total of 252 schools participated in the study. In this group, 47.6% were male and 52.4% were female, with a median age of 16.26 years (DT= 1.33).Results: The 3,3% of surveyed students reported that they had consumed AAS. Males reported to take anabolic more frequently than females (86,2% of males, 13,8% of females; p<0.001). The older they are the more frequent the reporting of consumption -increasing from 2.5% in those aged 14, to 4.3% in those aged 18-. Among users of AAS it exists a higher prevalence of consumption of cannabis 64.2%, cocaine 23.8%, hypnotics 22.9%, ecstasy 16.8%, LSD 14% or heroine 4.1%, compare to nonusers.Conclusion: The study shows that the consumption of steroids is mainly masculine, a clear association with polyconsumption, frequent scheming as the main source of getting them and that the consumption of these substances is bigger between those students whose family situation is characterized by the absence of a masculine figure (single mother or widow) in comparison with those whose parents are married.
Efecto de una dosis aguda de alcohol sobre control inhibitorio, sensibilidad a las recompensas y toma de riesgos en estudiantes universitarios con elevada y baja impulsividad rasgo
Authors: Vera Belén del Valle , Pilatti Angelina , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos
Published: May 2020

La impulsividad y la toma de riesgos se asocian positivamente al consumo de alcohol. Asimismo, la impulsividad y la toma de riesgos aumentan luego de la ingesta aguda de alcohol. Objetivo. Examinar el efecto de una dosis de alcohol (0.6/0.7 g/kg mujeres y varones) sobre el desempeño en pruebas de control inhibitorio, sensibilidad a las recompensas y toma de riesgos en estudiantes con alta (IMP+) y baja (IMP-) impulsividad rasgo. Método. Los participantes (n=85, 43 mujeres, entre 21-27 años) completaron las pruebas BART, GoStop y SKIP antes y después de la ingesta de una bebida con alcohol o una bebida placebo. Resultados. Los resultados muestran un aumento, inducido por el alcohol, en la toma de riesgos en mujeres y mayores fallas en el control inhibitorio tras la ingesta de alcohol, especialmente en hombres. La hipótesis sobre una mayor impulsividad conductual entre quienes exhibían mayor impulsividad rasgo fue parcialmente corroborada. Conclusiones. El principal hallazgo de este trabajo radica en el incremento, inducido por el alcohol, de la impulsividad y toma de riesgos, y el efecto modulador del sexo sobre este efecto.
Factor analysis, reliability and validity of a measurement model for the intent of alcohol consumption among ecuadorian teenagers
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Mayorga-Lascano Marlon , Larzabal-Fernandez Aitor , Vaca-Quintana Diego
Published: May 2020

Objective. Confirm the bifactorial structure, reliability and validity of the Modelo de Medición de Intención al consumo de Alcohol (MMICA), in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents. Method. Instrumental study with factor analysis, reliability and validity (construct and criterion) of the MMICA among risky and not risky consumers. The sample was 480 students (52.3% men), between 12 to 19 years (M= 14.8, SD= 1.5), from three different educational centres (67.9% public) of Ambato and Pelileo cities, Ecuador. Results. The bifactorial structure is confirmed with a variance explained of 72.1%, the adjustment data are adequate with X2= 39.9; p< .001; df= 26; X2/df=1.5; CFI= .98; TLI= .97; SRMR= .045; RMSEA=.048 [.011 - .077]. Reliability is high (ω=.90 for behavioural control and ω=, 84 for behavioural belief). This study confirms criterion validity between risky and not risky alcohol consumers. Conclusions. The MMICA is an adequate, reliable and valid test to assess intent of alcohol consumption among Ecuadorian adolescents.
AUDIT, AUDIT-C y AR2I para evaluar el binge drinking en universitarios españoles
Authors: Botella López Maria , Giménez Costa José Antonio , Cortés Tomás María Teresa
Published: May 2020

La identificación de los jóvenes que realizan un consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) es una prioridad en el ámbito de la prevención e intervención, dadas las consecuencias bio-psico-sociales que genera. Objetivo. Verificar qué versión del AUDIT constituye el instrumento de screening más adecuado en esta población, partiendo de una operacionalización más precisa del CIA. Método. Se ha realizado un muestreo de conveniencia en el que han participado 190 jóvenes consumidores de alcohol entre 18 y 22 años (73.7% mujeres), que cumplimentaron un autoregistro de consumo de alcohol, el AUDIT y AR2I. Resultados. El análisis de conglomerados por sexos muestra 5 grupos de jóvenes CIA, en función de la edad de inicio en el consumo de alcohol y los gramos ingeridos de esta sustancia durante un episodio CIA. De entre las versiones del AUDIT analizadas, la combinación de los ítems 2 y 3 revisados (AR2I) se desmarca como la mejor opción para identificar a este colectivo.  Conclusiones. El AR2I resulta la opción más útil, rápida y sencilla de identificación de jóvenes CIA, permitiendo su implementación en contextos como Atención Primaria, Servicios de Urgencias y recursos especializados en prevención de drogas.
Chemsex y conductas sexuales de riesgo en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Carvalho Gomes Itallo , Gamez-Medina Mario Enrique , Valdez-Montero Carolina
Published: May 2020

El término chemsex es utilizado para hablar del uso sexualizado de drogas entre los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) que sienten la necesidad de incrementar su excitación, placer y su tiempo de duración en las relaciones sexuales. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar de manera sistemática la evidencia disponible sobre el chemsex y conductas sexuales de riesgo en HSH. Método. Para la elaboración de esta revisión sistemática se siguió con la formulación de una pregunta, establecimiento de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, desarrollo de estrategias de búsqueda, la selección de artículos para ser incluidos en la revisión, extracción de datos y síntesis de los datos. Resultados. Sobre el chemsex el 25% de los estudios describe  el uso recreativo de drogas antes o durante el encuentro sexual y el 12.5% relata que el chemsex implica potenciales riesgos para la salud física y mental de su practicante. El 62.5% de los estudios asocian esa práctica a las fiestas de sexo en grupo.  El 62.5% de los estudios encontraron que los homosexuales practican en mayor medida el chemsex comparado con los bisexuales. Conclusiones. La revisión sistemática contribuye a una mayor comprensión acerca del chemsex y las conductas sexuales de riesgo en HSH.
Gender differences and occupational factors for the risk of obesity in the Italian working population
Authors: Tecco Cristina Di , Fontana Luca , Adamo Giovanna , Petyx Marta , Iavicoli Sergio
Published: May 2020

Background Obesity is a multifactorial condition and a major risk factor associated with several non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and with a higher risk of premature death and disability. Sex-specific factors have key roles and must be taken into consideration in studying occupational factors associated with the risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort representative of Italian workers and, correlating this index with several demographic and occupational variables, to verify sex- and work-dependent differences in the risk of obesity. Methods We utilized data from INSuLa, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the Italian worker population conducted in 2013 by the Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority to investigate health and safety at work. Analyses were run on a sample of 8,000 Italian workers, aged from 16 to 64 years. Logistic regression models were employed to assess gender differences in the relation between occupational characteristics and BMI. We adjusted for age, education, variables related to health protection at work, and chronic conditions and diseases.Results There were several significant differences in the BMI between males and females, linked to some occupational factors. For instance, female shift workers were 1.32 times (95% CI 1.11-1.57) more likely to be overweight or obese than normal-weight workers, and this association was maintained when controlling for confounders. The likelihood of overweight or obesity among women who worked 1-2 night shifts per week was significantly higher – 1.5-1.6 times – than those on day shifts.Conclusions Gender-specific differences in occupational factors associated with the risk of obesity are useful with a view to characterizing this risk and helping identify workplace-targeted intervention strategies.
Substantial and sustained reduction in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia in Oshikhandass, Pakistan: evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies 15 years apart
Authors: Hansen Chelsea L , McCormick Benjamin JJ , Azam Syed Iqbal , Ahmed Khalil , Baker Julia M , Hussain Ejaz , Jahan Assis , Jamison Alexandra F , Knobler Stacey L , Samji Nahida , Shah Wasiat H , Spiro David J , Thomas Elizabeth D , Viboud Cecile , Rasmussen Zeba A
Published: May 2020

Background: Oshikhandass is a rural village in northern Pakistan where a verbal autopsy study from 1989-1991 showed that diarrhea and pneumonia were the top causes of under-5 mortality. Intensive surveillance, active community health education and child health interventions were delivered in 1989-1996; here we assess improvements in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia over this period and 15 years later.Methods: Two prospective open-cohort studies in Oshikhandass from 1989-1996 (Study 1) and 2011-2014 (Study 2) enrolled all children under age 60 months. Study staff trained using WHO guidelines conducted weekly household surveillance and promoted knowledge on causes and management of diarrhea and pneumonia. Information about household characteristics and socioeconomic status was collected. Hurdle models were constructed to examine putative risk factors for diarrhea and pneumonia.Results: Against a backdrop of considerable change in the socioeconomic status of the community, under-5 mortality, which declined over the course of Study 1 (from 114.3 to 79.5 deaths/1000 live births (LB) between 1989 and 1996), exceeded Sustainable Development Goal 3 by Study 2 (19.8 deaths/ 1000 LB). Reductions in diarrhea prevalence (20.3 to 2.2 days/ Child Year [CY]), incidence (2.1 to 0.5 episodes/ CY), and number of bloody diarrhea episodes (18.6% to 5.2%) seen during Study 1, were sustained in Study 2. Pneumonia incidence was 0.5 episodes /CY in Study 1 and 0.2/CY in Study 2; only 5% of episodes were categorized as severe or very severe in both studies. While no individual factors predicted a statistically significant difference in diarrhea or pneumonia episodes, the combined effect of water, toilet and housing materials was associated with a significant decrease in diarrhea; higher household income was the most protective factor for pneumonia in Study 1. Conclusions: We report a 4-fold decrease in overall childhood mortality, and a 2-fold decrease in childhood morbidity from diarrhea and pneumonia in a remote rural village in Pakistan between 1989-2014. We conclude that significant, sustainable improvements in child health may be achieved through improved socioeconomic status and promoting interactions between locally engaged health workers and the community, but that continued efforts are needed to improve health worker training, supervision, and the rational use of medications.Trial Registration: Not Applicable
Participation of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments in family of origin and intimate relationships: a grounded theory study
Authors: Pfister Andreas , Georgi-Tscherry Pia , Berger Fabian , Studer Michaela
Published: May 2020

Background: How adults with disabilities perceive participation has received little attention. Our purpose was to formulate a grounded theory on participation, based on the subjective experience of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairment(s), and to identify barriers, facilitators, and support needs concerning participation in different areas of life. We aimed to explore whether the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), ratified by Switzerland in 2014, and its principles are being met. Here we report on the main category and focus on the participation areas ‘family of origin’ and ‘intimate relationships.’ Methods: In a qualitative, grounded theory study, we conducted problem-centered interviews with 23 adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments (30­-53 years; 11 men, 12 women), with different housing (on their own, assisted living, with parents) and work situations (primary vs. secondary labor market) in nine German-speaking Swiss cantons. Results: Participation can be understood as a continuum that extends on a horizontal level (from participation is restricted to participation takes place) and a vertical level (separative setting vs. inclusive setting). In separative as well as in inclusive settings, diverse levels of participation are possible. Many participants were stuck in an ‘in-between’ area between separative and inclusion-oriented settings. In the family of origin, there was a thin line between fulfilling relations that enhance participation and conflictual relations and overprotective parenting that limit participation. In intimate relationships, opportunities for participation were limited overall. Many interviewees were single. Social environment and family of origin (e.g., parents) can enable and facilitate intimate relationships and sexual contacts but can also be an important barrier.Conclusions: Participation can be understood as a continuum. Participation restrictions exist in separative as well as in inclusive-oriented settings, also in the areas of family of origin and intimate relationships. Participation barriers must be torn down in separative as well as in inclusion-oriented settings. Trajectories to inclusive settings should be facilitated. Families with children with impairment(s) should be supported from early on to create the best possible participation possibilities for the (adult) person with impairment(s) and to support the family of origin itself.
Robotic, laparoscopic or open hemihepatectomy for giant liver haemangiomas over 10 cm in diameter
Authors: Hu Minggen , Chen Kuang , Zhang Xuan , Li Chenggang , Song Dongda , Liu Rong
Published: May 2020

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of robotic, laparoscopic, and open hemihepatectomy for giant liver haemangiomas.Methods: From April 2011 to April 2017, consecutive patients who underwent hemihepatectomy for giant liver haemangiomas were included in this study. According to the type of operation, these patients were divided into the robotic hemihepatectomy (RH) group, the laparoscopic hemihepatectomy (LH) group, and the open hemihepatectomy (OH) group. The perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes were compared among the three groups. The study was reported following the STROCSS criteria.Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumour location, body surface area (BSA), future liver remnant volume (FLR), standard liver volume (SLV), liver haemangioma volume, FLR/SLV, resected normal liver volume/resected volume, hepatic disease, rates of blood transfusion, liver function after 24 hours of surgery, operative morbidity and mortality among the three groups. Compared with patients in the RH group (n=19) and the LH group (n=13), patients in the OH group (n=25) had a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay (P< 0.05), time to oral intake (P < 0.05), and time to get-out-of-bed (P < 0.05); a higher VAS score after 24 hours of surgery (P < 0.05); and a shorter operative time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in these postoperative outcomes (P＞0.05) between the RH group and the LH group. When the setup time in the RH group was excluded, the operative time in the RH group was significantly shorter than that in the LH group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the operative time between the RH group and the OH group (P＞0.05). The amount of intraoperative blood loss in the RH group was the lowest among the three groups (P＜0.05), and the amount of intraoperative blood loss in the LH group was less than that in the OH group (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Robotic and laparoscopic hemihepatectomies were associated with less intraoperative blood loss,better postoperative recovery and lower pain score. Compared with laparoscopic hemihepatectomy, robotic hemihepatectomy was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss and a shorter operative time.
Large mid-upper arm circumference is associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a community-based study
Authors: Shi Jie , Yang Zhen , Niu Yixin , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaoyong , Zhang Hongmei , Lin Ning , Gu Hongxia , Wen Jie , Ning Guang , Qin Li , Su Qing
Published: May 2020

Background The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a proxy for subcutaneous fat in the upper body and is a reliable screening measure for identifying individuals with abnormal regional fat distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between MUAC and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly individuals.Methods We measured the MUAC in a cross-sectional sample with a total of 9787 subjects aged 40 years and older. The measurement of MUAC is performed on the right arm using a non‐elastic tape held midway between the acromion and the olecranon processes in duplicate, with the arm hanging loosely at the side of the body. The MetS was defined according to the Joint Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention.Results MUAC was positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.437, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.334, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.348, P<0.001), HOMA-IR (r=0.134, P< 0.001), triglycerides (r=0.138, P<0.001), SBP (r=0.124, P< 0.001), and DBP (r= 0.123, P<0.001), and inversely correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.147, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.176, P<0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Compared with the lowest quartile group, the odds ratios were substantially higher for MetS (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.51-2.09, P for trend<0.001) in the highest MUAC quartile group after adjustment for potential cofounder.Conclusion Large mid-upper arm circumference is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Identification of transcription factors MYC and C/EBPβ mediated regulatory networks in heart failure based on Gene Expression Omnibus datasets
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Wang Xinrui , Xu Liangpu , Cao Hua
Published: May 2020

Background: Heart failure is one of leading cause of death worldwide. However, the transcriptional profiling of heart failure is unclear. Moreover, the signaling pathways and transcription factors involving the heart failure development also are largely unknown. Using published Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, in the present study, we aim to comprehensively analyze the differentially expressed genes in failing heart tissues, and identified the critical signaling pathways and transcription factors involving heart failure development.Methods: The transcriptional profiling of heart failure was identified from previously published gene expression datasets deposited in GSE5406, GSE16499 and GSE68316. The enriched signaling pathways and transcription factors were analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) assay. The transcriptional networks were created by Cytoscape.Results: Compared with the normal heart tissues, 90 genes were particularly differentially expressed in failing heart tissues, and those genes were associated with multiple metabolism signaling pathways and insulin signaling pathway. Metabolism and insulin signaling pathway were both inactivated in failing heart tissues. Transcription factors MYC and C/EBPβ were both negatively associated with the expression profiling of failing heart tissues in GSEA assay. Moreover, compared with normal heart tissues, MYC and C/EBPβ were down regulated in failing heart tissues. Furthermore, MYC and C/EBPβ mediated downstream target genes were also decreased in failing heart tissues. MYC and C/EBPβ were positively correlated with each other. At last, we constructed MYC and C/EBPβ mediated regulatory networks in failing heart tissues, and identified the MYC and C/EBPβ target genes which had been reported involving the heart failure developmental progress.Conclusions: Our results suggested that metabolism pathways and insulin signaling pathway, transcription factors MYC and C/EBPβ played critical roles in heart failure developmental progress.
Epidemiology of neonatal infections in hospitals of Nepal: Evidence from a large- scale study
Authors: Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Sunny Avinash K , Paudel Pragya Gautam , Thapa Jeevan , Basnet Lila Bahadur , Karki Sandeepa , Gurung Rejina , Paudel Prajwal , Kc Ashish
Published: May 2020

Background: Every year, neonatal infections account for approximately 750,000 neonatal deaths globally. It is the third major cause of neonatal death, globally and in Nepal. There is a paucity of data on clinical aetiology and outcomes of neonatal infection in Nepal. This paper aims to assess the incidence and risk factors of neonatal infection in babies born in public hospitals of Nepal.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted for a period of 14 months, nested within a large-scale cluster randomized control trial which evaluated the Helping Babies Breathe Quality Improvement package in 12 public hospitals in Nepal. All the mothers who consented to participate within the study and delivered in these hospitals were included in the analysis. All neonates admitted into the sick newborn care unit weighing >1500 gram or/and 32 weeks or more gestation with clinical signs of infection or positive septic screening were taken as cases and those that did not have an infection were the comparison group. Bivariate and multi-variate analysis of socio-demographic, maternal, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of case and comparison group were conducted to assess risk factors associated with neonatal infection. Results: The overall incidence of neonatal infection was 7.3 per 1000 live births. Babies who were born to first time mothers were at 64% higher risk of having infection (aOR-1.64, 95% CI, 1.30-2.06, p-value<0.001). Babies born to mothers who had no antenatal check-up had more than three-fold risk of infection (aOR-3.45, 95% CI, 1.82-6.56, p-value<0.001). Babies born through caesarean section had more than two-fold risk (aOR-2.06, 95% CI, 1.48-2.87, p-value<0.001) and babies with birth asphyxia had more than three-fold risk for infection (aOR-3.51, 95% CI, 1.71-7.20, p-value=0.001).Conclusion : Antepartum factors, such as antenatal care attendance, and intrapartum factors such as mode of delivery and birth asphyxia, were risk factors for neonatal infections. These findings highlight the importance of ANC visits and the need for proper care during resuscitation in babies with birth asphyxia.