bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of One-Leg Cane Handle Using AHP-TOPSIS Comparative Study to Improve The Mobility of The Elderly
Authors: Kusuma Putra Dirgantara , Rochman Taufiq , Susmartini Susy , Herdiman Lobes
Published: December 2023

The number of elderly people in Indonesia has increased significantly. Indonesia has an elderly population of 29 million or 11% of the total population, and around 39% of the population or 11.5 million live with disabilities. The elderly who experience disabilities caused by physical and cognitive changes can decrease their quality of life. Disability in the elderly is caused by the weakening of the lower extremity muscles, resulting in decreased balance and walking stability. Appropriate walking aids for the elderly are crucial in improving balance and stability to reduce the risk of falling. The most commonly used mobility aid for the elderly is a cane, but the use by the elderly is mostly not appropriately instructed, where up to 70% use the wrong cane handle and use it incorrectly. As a result of incorrect use of canes and inadequate instructions, 30-50% of the elderly stop using the cane after receiving it. So, to keep the elderly using the cane, this study tries to design a cane handle with a comparative study using the AHP-TOPSIS Method. The purpose of designing a cane handle is to mantain the balance and stability of the elderly for mobility to improve quality of life and keep the elderly using a cane to reduce the risk of falling. The output obtained is a visualization of the concept & prototype of the improved cane handle design. The improved cane handle is simulated using Autodesk Inventor software with a loading of 150 N. The maximum stress analysis result is 25.31 Mpa, the maximum displacement analysis is 0.2273 mm, and the safety factor value is 7.54 ul.
Comparative Analysis for Strategy Implementation in Indonesia's Hotel Business Sector During Covid-19
Authors: Residata Wisang , Fajri Kusuma Ningrum Nabila , Nur Aulia Rahmi Syahida , Ayyash Dylan Muhammad , Nurcahyo Rahmat , Wibowo Nurhadi , Kristiningrum Ellia , Tri Setyoko Ajun
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the performance of differentiation strategies employed by two prominent holding hotel companies, Intercontinental Group, and ACCOR Group, within different hotel categories. This research objective is to compare the revenue performance of 3-star and 4-star hotels, specifically Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express (from Intercontinental Group) also Ibis and Novotel (from ACCOR Group). The data analysis involves the calculation of revenue percentages for each hotel category over seven years, from 2016 to 2022. This research adopts descriptive and comparative approaches by contrasting the performance metrics of RevPAR, Occupancy Rate, and Average Room Rate (ARR). In conclusion, in 2016-2019, both the 4-star hotels of ACCOR Group and InterContinental Group tended to experience a downward trend in performance on all metrics. However, on the metrics of ARR and RevPAR, Novotel looks to dominate Holiday Inns. Even though the Occupancy Rate (OCC) metrics, the two hotel brands are balanced. In the 3-star hotels, both hotels also experienced a downward trend in 2016-2019. Both Holiday Inn Express and Ibis were unable to withstand in 2020, so the decline in their performance plummeted. On the positive side in 2021-2022, both hotels seemed to be back on their feet with significant increases and Ibis from ACCOR Group tends to excel in all three metrics. In terms of revenue percentage, it can be concluded that the 3-star hotel strategy is successful even in uncertain conditions. Meanwhile, the 4-star hotel strategy needs to be evaluated whether it is resilient enough to deal with unexpected situations
Inductor Based Active Cell Equalization for Ultracapacitor Energy Storages
Authors: Wangsa Lenggana Bhre , Khairunnisa  , Rovianto Eki , Prasetyo Ari , Harsito Catur
Published: December 2023

Ultracapacitors, known for their high power density and long cycle life, are widely used in various applications. However, when ultracapacitor cells are connected in series, voltage imbalances can occur, limiting overall energy storage capacity and system performance. This paper presents an investigation into inductor-based active cell equalization techniques for ultracapacitor energy storage systems. The proposed approach utilizes inductors, switching devices, and control circuitry to efficiently balance cell voltages. By monitoring cell voltages and activating switching devices when predetermined thresholds are exceeded, energy is transferred from higher voltage cells to inductors during the charging phase. In the subsequent discharging phase, the stored energy is released, equalizing the cell voltages. This iterative process continues until voltage balance is achieved. Inductor-based active cell equalization offers advantages such as rapid voltage equalization, wide voltage range operation, and electrical isolation between cells. However, challenges include system complexity, cost, and losses introduced by switching devices. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing design and control strategies to improve energy efficiency and address these challenges. The proposed technique shows promise in maximizing energy storage capacity and enhancing the performance and lifespan of ultracapacitor systems. This circuit could balance the capacity of the ultracapacitor in 2.3 seconds with a voltage ripple of 0.0038 V (0.18 %). Further advancements are expected to promote the widespread adoption of inductor-based active cell equalization in diverse applications. (Abstract)
A Conceptual Framework to Agile Product Development for Sustainable Garment Product
Authors: Suhartini Suhartini , Suef Mokh , Ciptomulyono Udisubakti , Widodo Erwin
Published: December 2023

The company develops new products to improve performance. The company develops new products according to consumer wishes. Consumers buy products considering the quality, price, and product availability. The company responds to consumer desires quickly. Research on agile concepts is used in garment product development. Companies that implement garment product development with an agile concept aim to respond to consumer desires. The research aims to develop a conceptual framework for the agile garment product development process. To achieve this goal, this research analyzes the literature study. The result of the conceptual framework is the conceptual framework proposed by the researcher. Researchers will conduct a validation test on the proposed conceptual framework.
Enhancing Predictive Accuracy: Assessing the Effectiveness of SVM in Predicting Medical Student Performance
Authors: Setyonugroho Winny , Sesotya Sentagi , Permana Iman , Lestari Tri , Mahendra Didit , Abda Habib
Published: December 2023

The high cost of pursuing a medical education necessitates effectively monitoring and evaluating medical students' performance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a prediction system for medical students’ national exam scores using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The dataset consisted of grades from first and second-year medical students at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta, specifically from the 2014 and 2015 classes, to predict the final year exam score. The methodology involved data acquisition, data preprocessing, and classification and prediction of student performance. Remarkably, the SVM model achieved an accuracy rate of 95.48%. The findings highlight the substantial potential of SVM for accurately predicting medical student performance. The prediction system can enable educational institutions to proactively identify students needing additional support or intervention. This early intervention can help improve academic progress and enhance the overall quality of medical education. Future research efforts should focus on improving the prediction system's practicality and effectiveness by incorporating additional factors. This study successfully developed and evaluated a prediction system for medical student performance using the SVM algorithm. The high accuracy achieved by the SVM model emphasises its potential as a valuable tool for medical education institutions. By leveraging machine learning, educational institutions can provide targeted support to students, leading to improved learning outcomes and advancements in medical education.
Acceptance Sampling MIL-STD 105E for Quality Control: A Case Study
Authors: Defiatri Deadila , Wulan Damayanti Retno
Published: December 2023

The development of the garment industry in Indonesia is getting higher every year. The garment industry plays a role as a contributor to the country's foreign exchange and is relied upon to meet national clothing needs. With the increasing demand for clothing, the garment industry is competing to provide and offer good quality products at affordable prices. The company faces obstacles in products that do not comply with the specifications or standards set by the company. The finished product inspection process is carried out on each production line. Therefore, product defects that pass quality control are still found until the Final QC stage. This problem is caused by the company's absence of fixed quality standardization in each production process so that defective products enter the finishing process. The use of the sampling method at the Company is currently not effective enough to minimize found product defects at this stage, data is collected through requests for historical data on product defects in the company and also by making direct observations. One of the causes of product defects is operators who work under pressure because they have to achieve production targets. If the use of this method can be realized, there is no need to carry out 100% inspections but to adjust the number of product requests from buyers. This can help to reduce workload and the number of workers in product quality inspection thereby increasing productivity. Application of the Acceptance Sampling system based on MIL-STD 105E on products is beneficial in determining product quality. By applying this method, it is easier for companies to detect the number of product defects with large production volumes
A bibliometric analysis on safety culture maturity model
Authors: Iftadi Irwan , Suhardi Bambang , Pujianto Eko , Wulan Damayanti Retno
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety management system came under criticism for its inability to reduce work accidents effectively. Consequently, a new approach, the safety culture approach, emerged. One noteworthy development in safety culture research is the safety culture maturity model. This study briefly overviews recent progress in the safety culture maturity model. To assess the model's current status and development trends, a bibliometric analysis approach was employed, utilizing journal articles listed in Scopus and Pubmed.The maturity model for safety culture is an evolving area of research, primarily focused on the construction sector but progressively extending to diverse industrial domains beyond high-risk companies. The predominant research involves the development of maturity models, with only a limited portion dedicated to assessing the model's validity and reliability, exploring connections between maturity measurements, safety performance, and overall organizational effectiveness. The multitude of safety culture definitions influences the use of diverse dimensions in assessing work culture. Typically, a five-level maturity scale with various labels is employed in these studies.
PV power prediction based on AO-VMD-RF-Informer
Authors: Luo Budunzhu , Ji Shimiao , Deng Xianlin , Zhang Jingxuan , Cai Yuan
Published: December 2023

Due to the strong volatility of PV power, PV grid-connected may have an impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system, so accurate prediction of PV power is of great significance to the operation and maintenance of the power system. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power, an ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction method was studied by combining the Aquila Optimizer (AO) algorithm, the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), the Random Forest (RF) and the Informer prediction model. Firstly, the VMD parameters are optimized by AO to reduce the adverse effects of human-set parameters on the prediction accuracy; the optimized VMD is used to decompose the original PV power series into multiple sub-sequences to reduce the volatility and complexity of the original power series; then, the RF feature selection method is used to screen out the meteorological features of strong relevance for each sub-sequence to further reduce the feature dimensions and the model runtime and ensure the effectiveness of the input features. Finally, the Informer model is used to deeply mine the potential time series features of each subsequence for prediction, and the predicted values of each subsequence are superimposed and reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results. The simulation results show that the method in this paper has high prediction accuracy, and compared with the original Informer, the MAE is reduced by 49.14% and the RMSE is reduced by 47.64%.
Structural and elastic properties of binary FCC Pt-Rh alloys – a first-principles study
Authors: Phasha Maje , Möller Hein , Moema Joseph , du Preez Willie , Maringa Maina
Published: December 2023

Alloying Pt with Rh significantly enhances the high temperature stress rupture strength and maintains both oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Such unique property combination renders Pt-Rh alloys mainstay in space technology, glass and chemical industries. However, the exponential increase in the price of Rh in the past few years stirs an industrial concern. As a result, some industries are beginning to search for alternative alloys that can offer similar properties. This study conducted first-principles calculations to generate structural and elasticity data on binary Pt-Rh alloys using both supercell and virtual crystal approximation (VCA) approaches, to serve as a benchmark for new alternative Pt-based alloys.
The effect of systematic substitution of Nb with Ti on a potential high-temperature shape memory alloy: B2 NbRu
Authors: Nkomo Duduzile , Khodja Malika , Moller Hein , Phasha Maje
Published: December 2023

NbRu has been considered as a potential high-temperature shape memory alloy due to its high martensitic transformation temperature, however, it has poor superelasticity and other shape memory properties, which limits its applications. In this paper, the effect of systematic substitution of Nb with Ti on the structural, thermodynamic, and elastic properties of supercell 2x2x2 B2 Ru50Nb50-xTix spanning the entire composition range (x = 0, 6.25, 12.50, 18.75, 25.00, 31.25, 37.50, 43.75, 50 at. %) is investigated using ab initio calculations. Elasticity results showed that the mechanical stability of the B2 phase improved with increasing Ti content, which could be associated with a decrease in transformation temperature. However, a suitable composition range within which Cʹ~0, resembling that of well-known TiNi, is identified. This predicts Ti addition to be effective in improving shape memory properties of B2 NbRu alloy.
The impact of personality traits on work performance
Authors: Li Yujia
Published: December 2023

With the growth and advancement of business, organizations are focusing more on the well-being of individual employees as this can improve work performance, and reach team goals more eﬀectively and eﬃciently. Studying the impact of employees’ individual diﬀerences of personality traits (PT) on work performance is one of the key research topics today. For their investigation on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits (BFPT) and job performance—which focuses on leadership, employee well-being, and employee burnout—researchers gathered data from a variety of studies. There is a lack of consensus regarding the relationships between BFPT and leadership, employee well-being, and employee burnout, despite research showing that PT have an impact on work performance. According to the study’s results, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to new experiences all have a good impact on leadership and employee well-being and a negative impact on employee burnout. Conscientiousness does not have any signiﬁcant relationship with employee well-being. Neuroticism negatively aﬀects leadership and employee well-being, but it positively aﬀects employee burnout. Research has demonstrated that all ﬁve personalities are directly correlated to employees’ work performance. This is precisely because diﬀerent personalities have diﬀerent ways of dealing with interpersonal relationships, workload, and stress management, resulting in positive or negative impacts on their work performance.
Ein Vorschlag zur Förderung der ärztlichen
Weiterbildung im Kontext einer reformierten
Krankenhausfinanzierung
Authors: Donner-Banzhoff Norbert , Gerlach Ferdinand Michael
Published: December 2023

In Deutschland werden die Anforderungen an die gebietsärztliche
Qualifikation von den Landesärztekammern festgelegt. Deren
Erfüllung ist jedoch den Ärztinnen in Weiterbildung
überlassen. Es fehlt eine Abschätzung des Bedarfs an
Gebietsqualifikationen, ebenso eine entsprechende Steuerung. Allerdings werden
Fehlentwicklungen immer wieder beklagt, so z. B. das
Missverhältnis von Haus- und Fachärztinnen im ambulanten Sektor.
Wir schlagen eine systematische und kontinuierliche Bedarfsschätzung der
einzelnen Fachgebiete vor. In solchen, wo eine Unterversorgung droht,
würde die Weiterbildung durch Zuschüsse analog der aktuellen
Förderung der Weiterbildung in der Allgemeinmedizin nach § 75a
SGB V inzentiviert. Regionale fachspezifische Weiterbildungsverbünde
würden für eine Allokation der Mittel an Institutionen mit
evaluierter Qualität der Weiterbildung sorgen. Das Verfahren
lässt sich kostenneutral gestalten, wenn ein Teil der Mittel aus den
aktuellen Behandlungsentgelten, die implizit auch der Weiterbildung dienen,
künftig explizit für eine Steuerung, Koordination und
Verbesserung der Weiterbildung genutzt werden. Diese Möglichkeit besteht
unabhängig vom Mechanismus der Entgelte für stationäre
oder ambulante Leistungen.
Neural Adjustments during Repeated Braking and Throttle Actions on a
Motorcycle Setup
Authors: Marina Michel , Torrado Priscila , Duchateau Jacques , Baudry Stephane
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to assess neuromuscular changes during an intermittent
fatiguing task designed to replicate fundamental actions and ergonomics of road
race motorcycling. Twenty-eight participants repeated a sequence of submaximal
brake-pulling and gas throttle actions, interspaced by one maximal
brake-pulling, until failure. During the submaximal brake-pulling actions
performed at 30% MVC, force fluctuations, surface EMG, maximal M-wave
(Mmax) and H-reflex were measured in the flexor digitorum
superficialis. At the end of the task, the MVC force and associated EMG activity
decreased (P<0.001) by 46% and 26%, respectively.
During the task, force fluctuation and EMG activity increased gradually
(106% and 61%, respectively) with respect to the pre-fatigue
state (P≤0.029). The Mmax first phase did not change
(P≥0.524), whereas the H-reflex amplitude, normalized to
Mmax, increased (149%; P≤0.039).
Noteworthy, the relative increase in H-reflex amplitude was correlated with the
increase in EMG activity during the task (r=0.63;
P<0.001). During the 10-min recovery, MVC force and EMG activity
remained depressed (P≤0.05) whereas H-reflex amplitude and force
fluctuation returned to pre-fatigue values. In conclusion, contrarily to other
studies, our results bring forward that when mimicking motorcycling
brake-pulling and gas throttle actions, supraspinal neural mechanisms primarily
limit the duration of the performance.
Minimally Invasive Cesarean Section – Extraperitoneal
Cesarean Section. The Outcomes of Applying to the Same Patient More than Once.
Case Series
Authors: Jafarzade Aytaj
Published: December 2023

Background Extraperitoneal caesarean section (EPCS) provides
intraoperative and postoperative advantages to patients compared to
transperitoneal (TPCS). Nevertheless, it is less preferred.

Methods Extraperitoneal caesarean section (EPCS) is a type of caesarean
section performed without entering the peritoneal cavity.

Results In this study, EPCS was successfully performed again in patients
who had previously undergone EPCS.

Conclusion This method, which reduces maternal mortality and health
expenditures, can be performed more than once.
International Microsurgery Club and World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery Webinar: Career Building in Microsurgery
Authors: Meuli Joachim N. , Huang Jung-Ju , Heredero Susana , Chen Wei F. , Chang Tommy NJ
Published: December 2023

Career building can be challenging for young surgeons, especially when topics such as lifestyle, work–life balance and subspecialization arise. Suggestions and advice from senior colleagues is very valuable but many young surgeons do not have such opportunities or are limited to a few senior surgeons. The International Microsurgery Club (IMC), in collaboration with the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, organized a combined webinar for this topic and invited world renowned microsurgery masters polled by the IMC members to join, including Prof. Peter Neligan (Emeritus from University of Washington, United States), Prof. Raja Sabapathy (Ganga Hospital, India), Dr. Gregory Buncke (The Buncke Clinic, United States), Prof. Isao Koshima (Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan), Prof. David Chwei-Chin Chuang (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan), and Prof. Eric Santamaria (Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico) on May 1, 2022. Prof. Joon-Pio Hong (Asan Medical Center, South Korea) and Prof. Fu-Chan Wei (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan) were also selected but unfortunately could not make it and were therefore invited to another event in April 2023, summarized in a recently published paper.

There is ample literature reporting on different aspects of developing a microsurgical career but the goal of this session was to offer an opportunity for direct exchange with experienced mentors. Moreover, insights from experienced microsurgeons from different part of the world were more likely to offer different perspectives on aspects such as career building, failure management, and team culture. This webinar event was moderated by Dr. Jung-Ju Huang (Taiwan), Dr. Susana Heredero (Spain), and Dr. Wei F. Chen (United States).
Surgical Outcome of Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis of Nearly 3,000 Cases over 10 Years
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Chandy Gina M. , Ghosh Amit K.
Published: December 2023

Background Basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) is a severe neurologic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and its optimal management remains a topic of debate. Our study assessed the surgical outcomes of BGH patients at the 3-month mark using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted over 10 years at an advanced neuro-specialty hospital in Eastern India, including patients who underwent decompressive craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. Variables were systematically coded and analyzed to evaluate the postoperative outcome with age (in years), preoperative motor (M) status, and hematoma volume.

Results This study enrolled 2,989 patients with a mean age of 59.62 (standard deviation: 9.64) years, predominantly males (n = 2,427; 81.2%). Hypertension (1,612 cases) and diabetes mellitus (1,202 cases) were the most common comorbidities. Common clinical presentations included ipsilateral weakness (1,920 cases) and/or altered mental status (1,670 cases). At the 3-month mark postsurgery, 2,129 cases (71.2%) had a favorable outcome based on mRS, while 389 cases (13.0%) had an unfavorable outcome. The regression equation showed that age was inversely related to the percentage of individuals achieving a favorable outcome. It also revealed that the preoperative motor score was positively correlated with favorable outcomes. Hematomas smaller than 60 mL had better outcomes, with 1,311 cases (69.1%) classified as good outcomes and 337 cases (17.8%) as bad outcomes. Fatal outcomes related to the illness were observed in 471 patients (15.8%) within the study population.

Conclusion Surgery for BGH showed a substantial improvement in outcomes, particularly in patients with M5/M4 motor status. The preoperative motor score (M status) emerged as a crucial predictor of favorable neurological outcomes. Age and hematoma volume, however, were found to be nondefinitive factors in determining good outcomes.
The route to immersion: a conceptual framework for cross-disciplinary immersive theatre and experiences
Authors: Punpeng Grisana , Yodnane Paonrach
Published: December 2023

The trend of immersive theatre, which began in the first decade of the twenty-first century, and has quickly established itself in contemporary mainstream theatre, is a subset of the larger phenomenon of emerging immersive experiences, which has expanded into a variety of fields, including healthcare, marketing, and education. This paper aims to provide a revised conceptual framework from the context of design through technologies with an addition of bodily immersion, or a sensation of bodily transference, creating illusory ownership over a virtual body, and activating praesence, a lived experience of the physical body responding within an imaginative, sensual environment, produced with the help of immersive technology. This concept, taken from the field of theatre and performance, is combined with four other components (systems, spatial, social/empathic, and narrative/sequential) to produce an immersive experience that realises the fullest potential of immersion. The proposed framework serves as a valuable guideline for creating immersive experiences across multiple disciplines, benefiting both creators and participants by enhancing comprehension and setting expectations. Additionally, it can be utilised by academics and students as a criteria for evaluation and analysis.
Utilization of Magnetically Induced Jamming in a Novel Soft Robotic Gripper
Authors: Varner Marigordon , Snyder Tori
Published: December 2023

Today’s high-tech society creates a pressing need for advanced medical prosthetics and industrial grippers. However, as technological advancements continue to be incorporated, a gap is created by the quality–cost ratio associated with using technologically advanced solutions. For example, many open-source prosthetics provide relatively inexpensive devices, but they often sacrifice the ability to grip irregularly shaped or smooth objects. For instance, doorknobs are difficult to grip using the typical hard robotics approach but can be gripped using soft robotic techniques. Prior work with soft robotics successfully used compressed air and a small granular material (coffee grounds) to build a gripper that can hold various objects. However, the use of compressed air makes these devices relatively slow, and the need for an air compressor limits the applicability of this design. Our primary goal was to explore the feasibility of a soft robotic approach that utilizes ferromagnetic granular materials to grip an object via the granular jamming transition that is induced with an external magnetic field. The granular material is placed inside flexible membranes made of polyisoprene, wherein the granular materials can go from a more relaxed state to a more rigid state depending on the strength of the magnetic field. The flexible membrane also allows the object to be held and then return to its original state when released. A solenoid provides a magnetic field that is easily turned on and off to jam and unjam the magnetic granular material and thus allows us to hold an object in place without the use of compressed air. In searching for a magnetic granular material, we found that iron filings work well, as they easily conform to the shape of the object. We have observed success in holding and releasing several smooth knobs as well as more angular shapes. This work will further the development of a low-cost but high- functioning universal gripper with applications in prosthetics and pick-and-place devices, as well as a multitude of industrial applications.
Discovering a Wigner-like crystal and soft x-ray correlated plasmons and their couplings in a transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Whitcher T. J. , Diao C. , Fauzi A. D. , Kwan J. W. , Chi X. , Naradipa M. A. , Loh N. D. , Breese M. B. H. , Rusydi A.
Published: December 2023

Low-dimensional systems host many exotic physical properties. Using extended resonant soft x-ray scattering supported with theoretical calculations, we observe concomitantly a Wigner-like crystal in a stripe-like QHKL = (001) superlattice with surprisingly long coherence lengths and new soft x-ray correlated plasmons in WS2. A new electronic transition is found at 125 K upon cooling, which is a transition from two-dimensional ordering to three-dimensional ordering, a result of p–d hybridization anisotropy and electronic correlations. Our result shows the importance of the interplay of long-range electron–electron correlation and short-range electronic screening in determining electronics and optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides.
Fast wavefront shaping for two-photon brain imaging with multipatch correction
Authors: Blochet Baptiste , Akemann Walther , Gigan Sylvain , Bourdieu Laurent
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear fluorescence microscopy promotes in-vivo optical imaging of cellular structure at diffraction-limited resolution deep inside scattering biological tissues. Active compensation of tissue-induced aberrations and light scattering through adaptive wavefront correction further extends the accessible depth by restoring high resolution at large depth. However, those corrections are only valid over a very limited field of view within the angular memory effect. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an acousto-optic light modulation technique for fluorescence imaging with simultaneous wavefront correction at pixel scan speed. Biaxial wavefront corrections are first learned by adaptive optimization at multiple locations in the image field. During image acquisition, the learned corrections are then switched on the fly according to the position of the excitation focus during the raster scan. The proposed microscope is applied to in vivo transcranial neuron imaging and demonstrates multi-patch correction of thinned skull-induced aberrations and scattering at 40-kHz data acquisition speed.
Role of substrate and TiO2 content in TiO2:Ta2O5 coatings for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Durante Ofelia , Granata Veronica , Magnozzi Michele , Amato Alex , Michel Christophe , Pinard Laurent , Granata Massimo , Canepa Maurizio , Carapella Giovanni , Chiadini Francesco , Simone Roberta De , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Fiumara Vincenzo , Pierro Vincenzo , Pinto Innocenzo M , Vecchione Antonio , Bobba Fabrizio , Giorgio Cinzia Di
Published: December 2023

Gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) are designed to detect the elusive signals produced by spacetime ripples, the GWs. The key to improving GWD sensitivity relies on the reduction of the thermal noise introduced by the mirrors. The high refractive index component of the high-reflectance mirrors installed in the current generation GWDs, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, is made of a mixture of ∼27% TiO2 and ∼73% Ta2O5. Such a coating plays a fundamental role in the GWD performance. The 27:73 TiO2:Ta2O5 ratio ensures high structural, optical, and mechanical performances, which allowed for the first ever detection of GWs, but might not be enough for new generation GWDs. Here, we investigate the potential of TiO2:Ta2O5 coatings, in a wider range of Ti/(Ta + Ti) cation ratio. Our research spans over the morphological and structural coating characteristics, and their correlation with optical and mechanical properties. On one hand, we unveil the profound influence of substrate selection and TiO2 content on the quality of coating morphology. On the other, we pinpoint the effect of TiO2 content on the structural properties of the coating, as increasing TiO2 content leads to lower temperature amorphous-to-crystalline transition, and we show that internal strain may arise due to the coexistence of TiO2 and Ta2O5 crystalline phases. Finally, substrate choice, TiO2 concentration, and crystallization characteristics emerge as pivotal factors in the pursuit of precision optics.
Effects of MgF2 anti-reflection coating on optical losses in metal halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jung Sung-Kwang , Park Keonwoo , Lee Do-Kyoung , Lee Joo-Hong , Ahn Hyojung , Lee Jin-Wook
Published: December 2023

The importance of light management for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has recently been emphasized because their power conversion efficiency approaches their theoretical thermodynamic limits. Among optical strategies, anti-reflection (AR) coating is the most widely used method to reduce reflectance loss and thus increase light-harvesting efficiency. Monolayer MgF2 is a well-known AR material because of its optimal refractive index, simple fabrication process, and physical and chemical durabilities. Nevertheless, quantitative estimates of the improvement achieved by the MgF2 AR layer are lacking. In this study, we conducted theoretical and experimental evaluations to assess the AR effect of MgF2 on the performance of formamidinium lead-triiodide PSCs. A sinusoidal tendency to enhance the short-circuit current density (J
SC) was observed depending on the thickness, which was attributed to the interference of the incident light. A transfer matrix method-based simulation was conducted to calculate the optical losses, demonstrating the critical impact of reflectance loss on the J
SC improvement. The predicted J
SCs values, depending on the perovskite thickness and the incident angle, are also presented. The combined use of experimental and theoretical approaches offers notable advantages, including accurate interpretation of photocurrent generation, detailed optical analysis of the experimental results, and device performance predictions under unexplored conditions.
The design and construction of a PhET-based inquiry learning worksheet to develop understanding of the particle-in-a-box model
Authors: Bouchée T , de Putter-Smits L , Thurlings M , Pepin B
Published: December 2023

We report on the design and construction of a worksheet to develop upper secondary school students’ understanding of the particle-in-a-box model. We designed a worksheet that guided students’ structured-inquiry learning through peer discussion using the PhET simulation ‘Quantum Bound States’. The worksheet was improved in three iterative cycles of (re)designing, testing and evaluating, leading to a validated design and tentative design principles. Students’ discourse was recorded whilst they were using the worksheet and the PhET simulation in the test phase of each cycle. Analyses of students’ discourse informed the redesign of the worksheet for each subsequent cycle, until the design was finalised. The results showed the potential of the simulation to introduce upper secondary school students to the particle-in-a-box model, provided care is taken to accompany student inquiry with a well-developed worksheet as learning support during the lesson.
Disruption avoidance and investigation of the H-Mode density limit in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Sieglin B , Maraschek M , Gude A , Klossek F , Felici F , Bernert M , Kudlacek O , Pau A , Treutterer W ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion WPTE Team
Published: December 2023

In recent years a strong effort has been made to investigate disruption avoidance schemes in order to aid the development of integrated operational scenarios for ITER. Within the EUROfusion programme the disruptive H-mode density limit (HDL) has been studied on the WPTE (Work Package Tokamak Exploitation) devices ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Advanced real-time control coupled with improved real-time diagnostics has enabled the routine disruption avoidance of the HDL. This allowed the systematic study of the influence of various plasma parameters on the onset and behavior of the HDL in regimes not easily accessible otherwise. The upper triangularity

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). It is observed that the occurrence of the XPR and the H–L transition at the density limit are two separate events, the order of which depends on the applied auxiliary heating power. At sufficiently high heating power the XPR occurs before the H–L transition. Impurity seeding, used for divertor detachment, influences the onset and the dynamics of the XPR and the behavior of the HDL. The stable existence of the XPR, which is thought to be a requirement for detachment control in future devices, has also been observed without impurity seeding. The implementation of a robust and sustainable operational scenario, e.g. for ITER, requires the combination of continuous control and exception handling. For each disruption path the appropriate observers and actuators have to be validated in present devices. Automation of the dynamic pulse schedule has proven successful to scan the operational space of the HDL without disruption. Applying such a technique to ITER could reduce the machine risk induced by disruptions during commissioning. The methodology to develop physics-based observers, which indicate the entry into a disruption path well in time, and applying the appropriate action before the discharge becomes unstable has proven successful.
Safety factor influence on the edge E × B velocity establishment in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Varennes R , Vermare L , Garbet X , Hennequin P , Dif-Pradalier G , Sarazin Y , Grandgirard V , Panico O , Donnel P , Obrejan K
Published: December 2023

This study is motivated by experiments on Tore Supra and WEST tokamaks where a deepening of the E × B velocity—governed by the radial electric field Er
—near the edge is observed when the safety factor decreases in L-mode plasmas. Flux-driven global simulations of ion temperature gradient turbulence recover qualitatively the trend observed in the experiments, i.e. the E × B velocity increases when decreasing the safety factor. From these simulations, multiple clues point out the role of turbulence in the establishment of the radial electric field even though the turbulent intensity increases with the safety factor. The proposed mechanism to elucidate this phenomenon, backed up by a reduced model, is that the damping of the poloidal flow, governed by the neoclassical friction, increases more strongly with the safety factor than the turbulent drive for Er
, due to the

(
r
,
θ
)

component of the Reynolds stress.
Initial Fulcher band observations from high resolution spectroscopy in the MAST-U divertor
Authors: Osborne N , Verhaegh K , Bowden M D , Wijkamp T , Lonigro N , Ryan P , Pawelec E , Lipschultz B , Soukhanovskii V , van den Biggelaar T ,   the MAST-U Team
Published: December 2023

High resolution

D

2

∗

Fulcher band spectroscopy was used in the MAST-U divertors during Super-X and (shorter-legged) elongated divertor density ramps with

D

2

fuelling from the mid-plane high-field side. In the Super-X case, the upper divertor showed ground state rotational temperatures of the

D

2

molecules increasing from ~6000 K, starting at the detachment onset, to ~9000 K during deepening detachment. This was correlated with the movement of the Fulcher emission region towards the X-point, which is in turn correlated with the movement of the ionisation source. The increase in rotational temperature occurred throughout the divertor except near the divertor entrance, where ionisation was still the dominant process. Qualitative agreement was obtained between the lower and upper divertor. Similar rotational temperatures were obtained in the elongated divertor before the detachment onset, although the increase in rotational temperature during detachment was less clearly observed as less deep detachment was obtained. The measured vibrational distribution of the upper Fulcher state does not agree with a ground state Boltzmann distribution but shows a characteristically elevated population in the ν = 2 and ν = 3 bands in particular; which is strongly correlated to the rotational temperature.
Gamma radiation effect on the structural and optical properties of CdS thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Farroh H A , Zaghlool R A , Boshta M
Published: December 2023

One way to increase the solar cell efficiency is to increase the range of transmitted visible light throughout the window layer. This could be achieved via broadening its band gap; an aim that could be attained through doping and/or irradiation technique. In this way, cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have been successfully prepared on pre-heated glass substrates at 400 °C by spray pyrolysis technique and the effect of gamma radiation dose on the structural and optical properties of CdS thin films has been investigated in the range of 250 to 450 Gy. The XRD results manifest the formation of hexagonal phase of CdS with a crystallite size of 58.73 nm, which decreased to 47.26 nm after exposure to 350 Gy. Also, the SEM micrographs show the formation of some randomly oriented groups of nano-rods on the surface of highly condensed nanorods of CdS thin film. The optical investigation illustrates that a blue shift in the optical gap from 2.4 to 3.34 eV has been occurred as the radiation dose reached 350 Gy. The sensitivity of the films to the applied dose has approached 0.005 eV/Gy. Moreover, the shifted band gap exhibited less fading up to 74 days.
All-optical simultaneous OR and NAND gates using photonic crystal ring resonator and Kerr effect
Authors: Gupta Priyanka Kumari , Paltani Punya Prasanna , Tripathi Shrivishal
Published: December 2023

All-optical simultaneous OR and NAND gates design is proposed using a simple nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator based on the chalcogenide glass (Ag20As32Se48) material which is one of the promising materials for all-optical devices. The structure consists of an octagonal ring resonator between two waveguides, which uses the switching threshold mechanism based on the Kerr effect to perform two simultaneous logic gates functions. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to obtain the band diagram in the proposed structure, and the two-dimensional finite difference time domain (2D-FDTD) method is used in the simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed design. The resonance wavelength is 1551.3 nm, with a high transmission and coupling efficiency of about 100%. The proposed optical OR and NAND logic gates have high contrast ratios of 21.15 dB and 28.19 dB, respectively, with a quality factor of 596.65. The operating power intensity of the proposed structure is 1 kW μm−2, and the threshold power intensity is obtained at 2.8 kW μm−2. The proposed gates provide transmitted power of not less than 0.5. The size of the structure is 20.5 μm × 18.17 μm. The proposed structure is compact, works on low operational power intensity, and has the ability for dense integration. The simplicity and small size of the structure make it easy to fabricate for future integration in all-optical circuits.
Application of Efron-Petrosian method to radio pulsar fluxes
Authors: Mamidipaka Pragna , Desai Shantanu
Published: December 2023

We apply the Efron-Petrosian technique to radio fluxes of pulsars detected in the Parkes
multi-beam survey to test the independence of luminosity and distance. For this dataset, we find
that for four different distance exponents (ranging from 0.5 to 2), the flux thresholds at which
the luminosity and distances are uncorrelated, correspond to very low p-values for the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test between the truncated and untruncated datasets. This is due to the fact
that the Parkes multi-beam survey is not sufficiently homogeneous to lend itself to a treatment by
the Efron-Petrosian method. We then repeat the analysis after rendering the dataset more
homogeneous by excluding the distant pulsars from this sample. We find that for this culled
dataset, the flux is consistent with distance exponents of 1.5 and 2.0.
Unconventional room-temperature negative magnetoresistance effect in Au/n-Ge:Sb/Au devices
Authors: He 何 Xiong 雄 , Yang 杨 Fan-Li 凡黎 , Niu 牛 Hao-Yu 浩峪 , Wang 王 Li-Feng 立峰 , Yi 易 Li-Zhi 立志 , Xu 许 Yun-Li 云丽 , Liu 刘 Min 敏 , Pan 潘 Li-Qing 礼庆 , Xia 夏 Zheng-Cai 正才
Published: December 2023

Non-magnetic semiconductor materials and their devices have attracted wide attention since they are usually prone to exhibit large positive magnetoresistance (MR) effect in a low static magnetic field environment at room temperature. However, how to obtain a large room-temperature negative MR effect in them remains to be studied. In this paper, by designing an Au/n-Ge:Sb/Au device with metal electrodes located on identical side, we observe an obvious room-temperature negative MR effect in a specific 50 T pulsed high magnetic field direction environment, but not in a static low magnetic field environment. Through the analysis of the experimental measurement of the Hall effect results and bipolar transport theory, we propose that this unconventional negative MR effect is mainly related to the charge accumulation on the surface of the device under the modulation of the stronger Lorentz force provided by the pulsed high magnetic field. This theoretical analytical model is further confirmed by regulating the geometry size of the device. Our work sheds light on the development of novel magnetic sensing, magnetic logic and other devices based on non-magnetic semiconductors operating in pulsed high magnetic field environment.
Alpha-ray imaging with alkali copper halide scintillator
Authors: Urano Y. , Kurosawa S. , Yamaji A. , Yoshikawa A. , Wu Y.
Published: December 2023

Internal exposure for decommissioning workers at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
must be prevented, and we have developed a monitoring system for alpha-ray emitting dust (alpha
dust). When the dust size is less than several tens of micrometers, a dust protection mask
does
not work effectively to prevent internal exposure. Since no devices have been operated to observe
alpha-dust images in real-time up to now, we have developed an alpha-ray imaging detector
consisting of a scintillation material and imaging detector. Scintillators are required to have
high light output and chemical stability. Cs3Cu2I5 (CCI) scintillator was found
to be one of the candidates, and an imaging test was operated with this material. The CCI crystal
was grown by the Bridgman-Stockberger method, and a scintillation sheet for alpha-ray imaging was
prepared by CCI microcrystals with a thickness of approximately 70 μm on a
200-μm thickness transparent polyethylene terephthalate film as a first imaging test.
The sheet was irradiated with 5.5-MeV alpha rays from an 241Am source, and scintillation
photons were detected with a CMOS camera through an optical lens. We succeeded in visualizing
alpha rays, and a position resolution of our system achieved approximately 16.2 ± 2.6 μm (10–90 %). This resolution was similar value to other imaging devices with Ag:ZnS
powder scintillator, and a CCI single crystal sheet was expected to reach better resolution.