bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SciComm Report: nueva apuesta científica para divulgar el conocimiento
Authors: Comunicación de las Ciencias Centro
Published: September 2021

El Centro de Comunicación de las Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile presentó una revista científica, nuevo espacio de discusión académica y diálogo multidisciplinario. Única en su estilo en Latinoamérica, busca ser una nueva ventana de difusión en un área cada vez más necesaria: la comunicación de las ciencias.
De los neuroderechos al transhumanismo, un comentario crítico al proyecto de ley sobre neuroprotección
Authors: López Hernández Hernán
Published: September 2021

La Comisión Desafíos del Futuro del Senado ha presentado el 7 de octubre pasado, dos proyectos a tramitación, uno de reforma constitucional que “modifica el artículo 19, número 1°, de la Carta Fundamental, para proteger la integridad y la indemnidad mental con relación al avance de las neurotecnologías” (Boletín No. 13827-19) y otro de ley “sobre protección de los neuroderechos y la integridad mental, y el desarrollo de la investigación y las neurotecnologías” (Boletín No. 13828-19), con la finalidad de introducir una especial protección de la “identidad mental”, un reconocimiento como nuevo derecho humano del cerebro y su funcionalidad como núcleo del libre albedrío, pensamientos y emociones que caracterizan y diferencian a la especie humana.
Día Internacional de la toma de conciencia de la Tartamudez
Authors: Carrasco Flores Carol , Alarcón Acuña Enzo , Ruz Ramírez Angélica , Guajardo Sáez Claudia
Published: September 2021

La comunicación oral es un acto de relación social donde dejamos “fluir libremente nuestras palabras”, sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones algo tan simple y básico como hablar puede ser muy dificultoso para algunas personas. Así es en la tartamudez, donde su principal manifestación es presentar interrupciones en la comunicación oral; expresándose en bloqueos, repeticiones o prolongaciones de sonidos, sílabas o palabras, entre otras manifestaciones. Esto genera limitaciones y dificultades en la fluidez al iniciar y/o mantener un acto de habla. Asimismo, pueden existir concomitantes físicos como movimientos excesivos de alguna parte del cuerpo que van variando de un individuo a otro con diversos grados de severidad. Esta patología suele manifestarse desde etapas muy tempranas, pudiendo ser de carácter transitoria o permanente; desencadenando no sólo dificultad en el habla, sino que, afectando el rendimiento académico de los niños y adolescentes, generando sentimientos y emociones negativas hacia su condición, así como también inconvenientes en la interacción social.
Practicar ejercicio mejora el sistema inmune en la adultez
Authors: Comunicación de las Ciencias Centro
Published: September 2021

¿Puede la actividad física mejorar el sistema inmunológico del adulto mayor? Es la pregunta que motivó a un grupo multidisciplinario de investigadores de la sede Talca de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile a realizar un estudio en personas de la tercera edad. A medida que envejecemos el número de linfocitos T -células fundamentales para la respuesta del cuerpo a las enfermedades- disminuye, al igual que aumenta la inflamación.
Ciudades para los ciudadanos
Authors: Comunicación de las Ciencias Centro
Published: September 2021

«El urbanismo moderno surge para dar solución a los problemas de las personas» señaló Dra. Carmen Adams, quien estuvo en Santiago promoviendo el Máster de Ciudades Creativas que la Universidad de Oviedo, España ofrecerá en la Escuela Internacional de Postgrado de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile. «Ciudades hubo desde la antigüedad, pero el urbanismo del siglo XIX es respuesta al hacinamiento, a las malas condiciones laborales, a través de la intervención y planificación. Los temas hoy son otros; sustentabilidad, ciudades inteligentes, integración, pero en el fondo sigue la necesidad de crear ciudades vivibles, para los ciudadanos» analiza la especialista.
A Method for Automated Control of Electronic Components on Microfocus X-ray Images
Authors: Staroverov N. E.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Machine vision systems are increasingly used in industrial production, particularly for monitoring the quality of electronic components. Radiographic (Х-ray) inspection is currently one of the most popular types of non-destructive testing. Electronic components are typically characterized by a small size, hence, their radiographic inspection should be based on obtaining images and their further enlargement. X-ray equipment for performing such studies is designed such that there are relatively small input doses of X-ray radiation in the plane of the receiver, which leads to a higher image noise than that using conventional X-ray devices.Aim. To develop a method for automated object recognition on microfocus X-ray images.Materials and methods. A method for segmentation of X-ray images is proposed. In the first step, adaptive median filtering is performed followed by correction of the image background by subtracting the distorting function. Next, the contours of the objects in the image are identified using the Canny edge detector followed by recognition of the objects on the resulting image.Results. The developed method was tested for quality control of the installation of microcircuits and for determining the number of electronic components. The experiments confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method. When monitoring the quality of microcircuit installation, the number of detected defects differed from that verified by the operator by less than 10 %. The average error of the proposed method was less than 0.1% when determining the number of electronic components.Conclusion. The proposed method for object recognition on microfocus X-ray images demonstrated sufficient accuracy in typical tasks of non-destructive testing of electronic components.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Backscatter Patterns of the Blocks of Masking Digital Two-Bit Meta-covers
Authors: Semenikhin A. I. , Semenikhina D. V. , Yukhanov Yu. V. , Blagovisnyy P. V. , Ilyin I. V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The scattering patterns of non-absorbing coded checkerboard-like meta-coatings (MCs) applied for reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of metal surfaces inevitably contain side diffraction lobes. Therefore, the development of MCs with a low level of diffraction lobes is relevant. For this purpose, it is proposed to use checkerboard-like MCs in the form of a set of several basic flat blocks with the same dimensions. The paper discusses two such basic MC blocks with different coding matrices. The cells of the metasurface contain two coupled elliptical ring resonators and are distinguished by a 2-bit coding of the tilt angle of the anisotropy axis. Coding matrices of the MC blocks are built according to the block principle.Aim. To investigate experimentally and numerically backscatter patterns (BSP) for consonant (co-) and orthogonal (cross-) polarizations of the two developed flat blocks of the 2-bit digital nonabsorbing anisotropic MCs for different planes and polarizations of irradiation.Materials and methods. Full-wave simulation of the MC blocks was carried out using the HFSS software by the finite element method. BSP measurements of the fabricated MC layouts were performed in an anechoic chamber of the Center for Collective Usage “Applied Electrodynamics and Antenna Measurements” of the Southern Federal University using an automated information and computing complex.Results. The RCS reduction for the two blocks under normal irradiation is approximately the same and not less than 12 dB over the 9.8…21 GHz band. A good matching between the simulation and measurement results of backscattering patterns of the blocks in the region of the central lobes for various planes and polarizations of the irradiation is noted. In the principal planes, the blocks cancel the central lobes of the BSP by 10…25 dB; in the sector of angles of around ±40°, the backward RCS of the blocks is lower than that of the reference. In the diagonal planes, there is a cancellation of the RCS by 13…15 dB and an expansion of the central lobe of the BSP for copolarizations, as well as a bifurcation of this lobe for crosspolarizations in the sector of angles ±9°; outside of this sector the RCSs of the blocks are commensurate with the RCS of the reference.Conclusion. The developed blocks of the 2-bit digital nonabsorbing anisotropic MCs can be used for broadband cancellation of the RCS of metal surfaces.
Reduction of Multiplicative Noise in Radar Images
Authors: Tuzova A. A. , Pavlov V. A. , Belov A. A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. A radar image is an image obtained by remote sensing the earth's surface with a radar device. Radar images are characterized by background graininess caused by speckle noise, which should be filtered to improve the quality of radar images. The structure of speckle noise reduction filters often comprise one or more parameters to control the level of noise smoothing. The values of these parameters have to be selected experimentally. In works devoted to speckle noise filtering, the methods used for selecting filter paraments are rarely clarified.Aim. To present a methodology for selecting the parameters of multiplicative speckle noise filters on a radar image that are optimal in terms of the quality of the resulting image.Materials and methods. The article presents a method for determining the optimal parameters of speckle noise reduction filters. This method was applied to the most conventionally used filters. The search for optimal parameters and testing of the filters were carried out using a specially designed image, which contained the objects most frequently found on radar images. The structural similarity index (SSIM) metric was chosen as a metric that assesses the quality of filtration.Results. After determining the optimal (in terms of SSIM) parameters of speckle noise reduction filters, the filters were compared to select the best filters in terms of the quality of radar image processing. In addition, the operation of the filters under study was tested on images containing various types of objects, namely: large objects, small objects and sharp borders. Knowing which filter copes best with smoothing speckle noise in a particular area and what values of the variable parameters this requires, an optimal quality of radar images can be achieved. Filtering not only improves human perception of radar images, but also reduces the influence of speckle noise during their further processing (object detection, segmentation of areas, etc.).Conclusion. The proposed algorithm allowed optimal parameters for several speckle noise filters to be determined. The quality of filtration was assessed using an expert method (visually) by comparing images before and after filtration, differential images and one-dimensional image slices. The Frost filter and the anisotropic diffusion filter with optimal parameters showed the best processing quality according to the SSIM metric.
Melancholy and Crisis Worldview as the Situation of Man “In His Time” in the First Third of the XX Century
Authors: Andreenko D. V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Shaping modernity in the first third of the twentieth century is tied to the private worldview of the person of this era in which the main metaphor of the individual perception of “their time” is melancholy. The crisis of this historical period forms the prism of melancholic worldview. The goal of this article is to substantiate the reasons for the perception of melancholy as a phenomenon caused in part by the problem of individual experience of time. The relationship between melancholy and modernity has already been noted in the literature, but this text raises a new question – what is the temporal nature of this mutual influence?

Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of melancholy is played by the texts of authors of the early 20th century: Walter Benjamin, devoted to Charles Baudelaire and the work of Sigmund Freud “Mourning and Melancholy”. The issue of temporality in the work is interpreted through the reference to the phenomenological tradition, namely in reference to the modern phenomenological analysis of depressive disorder in the work of Domonkos Sik.

Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that the feeling of the interrelation of melancholy and the epoch is extremely specific for a person of the first third of the 20th century, evidence of which could be found in the philosophical and cultural reflection of this period. Crisis worldview is reflected in literature, painting, cinema, philosophy, social theory, etc. Thus, it is possible to represent melancholy as a phenomenon, partly caused by the problem of individual experience of time. Melancholy occurs when a crisis worldview is supplemented by an experience of circular temporality, the disappearance of the future, preoccupation with the past, passivity, or isolation.

Conclusion. If these elements come together, a total worldview is formed in which real world events intensify melancholy. In this sense, phenomenologically speaking, melancholy is not so much a state as a dynamic process.
Hermeneutics and its New Tendencies: to the Question of Aesthetic Paradigm Change
Authors: Shcherbak N. F.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The work examines the main vector of development of contemporary literary and hermeneutics studies. The main aim is to show how the view of the text has changed and what are the important tools in the process of its interpretation.

Methodology and sources. Firstly, various philosophical and literary approaches to texts are considered. One of the main ideas behind the research method is the comparison of the modernist, post-modernist and meta-modernist paradigm in the process of text interpretation. Another important aspect is the consideration of symptomatic and surface reading, as an important tool in the discussion of whether the text bears any meaning apart from the directly deducable and what is the most contemporary if not the best way of interpreting it. Most texts analyzed are literary examples, mainly taken from Anglophone literature.

Results and discussion. The results of the research state a number of tendencies in the view of contemporary hermeneutics. Among the general conclusion of the shift from modernist to post-modern and meta-modern patterns in the narrative. Regarding the process of text interpretation what is stated is a general tendency to see the surface l evel of the text as bearing all the necessary and important meanings. The older and more conservative approach of bringing meaning into the text is also at work, depending on the traditions. Elimination of text interpretation (or denying it its original im portance) is also an important point of view, as it states that a literary text explains more than any supporting attempt of its explanation. Another important feature is a tendency of a modern literary text to adopt characteristics of poetry. The psychoanalytic view is competing with post-modernist or meta-modernist view.

Conclusion. Metamodernist tendency, surface reading and attention to the literary text itself, and not its further explanation seems to be the core of a contemporary view of literary texts, their interpretation and, hense, meaning.
Fakes about Coronavirus: Communicational Technologies for Constructing False Messages
Authors: Vasilkova V. V. , Trekin P. A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Interest in the problem of false (fake) news has increased significantly in the situation of the coronavirus pandemic, when the flow of false information considered as an obstacle to the implementation of measures to combat the pandemic itself and its consequences. The authors aim to study the existing works devoted to the analysis of the construction and recognition of false news about COVID-19, paying special attention to the procedures of fact-checking-process of verifying the accuracy of the information contained in the message. The novelty of the author’s approach lies in the use of a content analysis of the fact-checking resource to identify communication technologies for constructing fake news about the coronavirus.

Methodology and sources. As a theoretical framework, authors used the information model of communication by Claude Shannon, structuring communication as a process of information transmission and fixing the possibility of noise (distortion) in various parts of this process. The empirical basis of the study was a fact-checking resource that specializes in identifying fakes about the coronavirus (47 units of analysis were considered for the period from March to May 2020).

Results and discussion. In the result of the research, specific communication technologies of purposeful construction of false news were identified – distortions in the communication channel, distortions in the message code (content), distortions in the message source. We also identified the types of distortions associated with the content of communication – based on the creation of false content, recoding information (giving it a new interpretation), editing the original. Different frequency of application of these technologies for a given volume of analysis units were been recorded, as well a s the predominance of the technology of distortion of the communication channel.

Conclusion. The authors draw a conclusion about the importance and relevance of the topic of constructing fake news in the situation of the ongoing COVID -19 pandemic, demonstrate the productivity of using fact-checking resources to identify various communicative technologies for constructing false messages, which creates new prospects for recognizing and countering them.
Fattibilità di utilizzo della cenere di caldaia industriale nel dosaggio del calcestruzzo strutturale
Authors: Justino Lucas Diego de Souza
Published: September 2021

L’industrializzazione e la crescita accelerata della popolazione generano effetti collaterali su vari aspetti sociali e la questione ambientale è preoccupante a causa degli impatti causati dall’evoluzione sociale. La gestione dei rifiuti industriali è una grande sfida che coinvolge sia il controllo della loro generazione che il corretto smaltimento, garantendo la sostenibilità ambientale. I residui di cenere della caldaia si trovano in abbondanza nelle fabbriche che utilizzano questa apparecchiatura per la generazione di vapore. Questa abbondanza si verifica a causa della mancanza di un luogo per il corretto smaltimento o riutilizzo del residuo. In considerazione di questo scenario, questo articolo aveva come domanda guida: sarebbe possibile utilizzare questo residuo nella produzione di calcestruzzo strutturale? Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di classificare il residuo definendone la possibile forma di utilizzo nel dosaggio del calcestruzzo e di eseguire dosaggi sperimentali con l’utilizzo di ceneri di caldaie industriali per valutarne i possibili contributi tecnici alle proprietà di base del calcestruzzo. Per questo, i campioni sono stati raccolti da un’industria installata nella città di Uberlândia, Stato di Minas Gerais, attiva in diversi settori come l’agricoltura, l’alimentazione animale, farmaceutica e altri. La classificazione delle ceneri della caldaia è stata eseguita applicando le procedure normative brasiliane e i parametri utilizzati per la classificazione dei leganti e degli aggregati per calcestruzzo. Considerando la sua curva granulometrica e la densità, il residuo è stato classificato come aggregato leggero e molto sottile, adottando così la metodologia della sostituzione parziale dell’aggregato sottile con cenere di caldaia. È stato verificato che vi è stata una riduzione della lavorabilità del calcestruzzo allo stato fresco proporzionalmente al contenuto di residui utilizzato. Pertanto, è necessario utilizzare additivi superplastificanti in questi casi per mantenere la lavorabilità prevista. Una riduzione della densità del calcestruzzo è stata notata quando il residuo è stato utilizzato, considerando come necessaria l’attenzione a questa proprietà del calcestruzzo in relazione al contenuto utilizzato del residuo nel dosaggio. È stato anche osservato confrontando i dosaggi con l’uso del residuo al dosaggio standard, che c’era una riduzione della resistenza alla compressione. Tuttavia, non c’è stata una grande variazione nella resistenza alla compressione tra i dosaggi con diversi livelli di sostituzione utilizzati. Si è concluso, quindi, considerando i livelli utilizzati in questo studio, come fattibile l’uso di questo residuo nella produzione di calcestruzzo strutturale.
Viabilidad de utilizar cenizas de calderas industriales en la dosificación de hormigón estructural
Authors: Justino Lucas Diego de Souza
Published: September 2021

La industrialización y el crecimiento acelerado de la población generan efectos secundarios en diversos aspectos sociales, y el tema ambiental es preocupante debido a los impactos causados por la evolución social. La gestión de los residuos industriales es un gran reto que implica tanto el control de su generación como la correcta eliminación, garantizando la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Los residuos de cenizas de calderas se encuentran en abundancia en las fábricas que utilizan este equipo para la generación de vapor. Esta abundancia se produce debido a la falta de un lugar para la eliminación o reutilización adecuada del residuo. Ante este escenario, este artículo tenía como guía la pregunta: ¿Sería posible utilizar este residuo en la producción de hormigón estructural? El objetivo de este estudio fue clasificar el residuo definiendo su posible forma de uso en la dosificación de hormigón y realizar dosificaciones experimentales con el uso de cenizas de calderas industriales para evaluar sus posibles contribuciones técnicas a las propiedades básicas del hormigón. Para ello, las muestras fueron recolectadas por una industria instalada en la ciudad de Uberlândia, Estado de Minas Gerais, activa en varios sectores como la agricultura, la nutrición animal, la farmacéutica y otros. La clasificación de las cenizas de caldera se realizó aplicando los procedimientos normativos brasileños y los parámetros utilizados para la clasificación de aglutinantes y agregados para concreto. Teniendo en cuenta su curva granulométrica y densidad, el residuo se clasificó como agregado ligero y muy delgado, adoptando así la metodología de reemplazo parcial del agregado delgado por cenizas de caldera. Se verificó que había una reducción en la trabajabilidad del hormigón en estado fresco proporcionalmente al contenido de residuos utilizado. Por lo tanto, es necesario utilizar aditivos superplastificantes en estos casos para mantener la trabajabilidad esperada. Se observó una reducción en la densidad del hormigón cuando se utilizó el residuo, considerando como necesaria la atención a esta propiedad del hormigón en relación con el contenido utilizado del residuo en la dosificación. También se observó al comparar las dosis con el uso del residuo en la dosis estándar, que hubo una reducción en la resistencia a la compresión. Sin embargo, no hubo una gran variación en la resistencia a la compresión entre las dosis con diferentes niveles de sustitución utilizados. Se concluyó, por tanto, considerando los niveles utilizados en este estudio, como factible el uso de este residuo en la producción de hormigón estructural.
Outorga Onerosa do direito de construir: estudo de caso do município de Sidrolândia – MS
Authors: Machado Edno Ribas , Silveira Vítor Cardoso da
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho busca discutir a viabilidade da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir através do estudo de caso estabelecido no Município de Sidrolândia MS que, com base na lei do Estatuto das Cidades, institucionalizou a mesma em sua Lei Orgânica Municipal e através dessa obteve recursos decorrentes da implantação de um loteamento, no qual foi estabelecido a Secretaria de Educação do Município, um auxílio para a reforma e manutenção da Escola Municipal “Porfíria Lopes do Nascimento”, ação esta que economizou aos cofres públicos um valor estimado de R$1.000.000,00, além de abrir precedentes futuros ao município, demonstrando os pontos positivos da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir.
MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL EM REDE PARA PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: ESTUDO SOBRE OS CURRÍCULOS DOS CURSOS
Authors: Lacerda Cecilia , Andre Marli
Published: September 2021

Este artigo aborda a formação docente para a educação básica em cursos de mestrados profissionais em rede. São explicitados aspectos sobre as propostas acadêmicas e a matriz curricular desses cursos. O objetivo consistiu em analisar as dimensões pedagógicas do currículo e sua articulação com o conhecimento específico. O procedimento metodológico  apoiou-se  na  pesquisa documental, por meio de estudo da legislação referente à implantação dos mestrados profissionais, englobando portarias e pareceres, projetos acadêmicos dos mestrados em Matemática,  Ensino de Química,  Ensino de Física, Ensino em Ciências Ambientais,  Ensino em Ciências Biológicas,  Educação Física  e Ensino de História. Realizou-se o seguinte trajeto: - mapeamento dos mestrados no Brasil, pontuando o crescimento por áreas de conhecimento conforme a região; e a análise das matrizes curriculares dos programas, verificando em que medida os conhecimentos pedagógicos têm espaço nas propostas dos cursos, tendo como referencial as áreas de concentração e as disciplinas obrigatórias e optativas. Os resultados indicaram a importância do debate dos mestrados em rede como dispositivo na formação docente, bem como a necessidade de articular nos currículos os conhecimentos específicos com os conhecimentos pedagógicos. Palavras-chave: Mestrado Profissional em Rede. Formação de Professores. Conhecimento Pedagógico.
Analisis Penerapan Metode Mind Mapping Matkul Psikologi Komunikasi Islam di Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami Bogor
Authors: Sofrada Suci
Published: September 2021

A good learning process is the existence of activeness between educators and students and is supported by adequate learning methods and facilities. Islamic Communication Psychology (PKI) is a social subject (matkul) which has a lot of material that is written or reading material and is a new knowledge that they acquire in the world of education. The mind mapping learning method makes every student interact positively and actively. The position of educators in the mind mapping learning method is as a facilitator and consultant. Educators will only provide stimulation or inducement for discussion material. After that, students are free to develop their learning. In addition, educators also provide limits on the breadth of material for students. This study aims to analyze the process of delivering PKI subject matter material using the mind mapping method, whether it is able to make students more interested and easier to understand the material presented by the lecturers. Data collection through interviews with all students. This type of research is qualitative, in which all students become research subjects. The results of the research analysis show that the use of the mind mapping method increases student interest and creativity in attending lectures on the PKI subject.

Abstrak

Proses pembelajaran yang baik adalah adanya keaktifan antara pendidik dan peserta didik serta didukung dengan metode dan sarana prasana pembelajaran yang memadai. Psikologi Komunikasi Islam (PKI) merupakan bagian mata kuliah (matkul) sosial yang memiliki banyak bahasan materi yang bersifat tulisan atau bahan bacaan dan merupakan ilmu baru yang mereka peroleh.dalam dunia pendidikan. Metode pembelajaran mind mapping membuat setiap peserta didik berinteraksi secara positif  dan aktif. Kedudukan pendidik dalam metode pembelajaran mind mapping adalah sebagai fasilitator dan konsultan. Pendidik hanya akan memberikan rangsangan atau pancingan materi pembahasan. Setelahnya peserta didik bebas mengembangkan pembelajarannya. Selain itu pendidik juga yang memberikan batas keluasan materi bagi peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa proses penyampaian materi matkul PKI dengan menggunakan metode mind   mapping,  apakah mampu  membuat mahasiswa lebih tertarik dan mudah memahami materi yang disampaikan dosen pengampu. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara kepada semua mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dimana semua peserta didik dijadikan subjek penelitian. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan metode mind mapping meningkatkan ketertarikan dan kreatifitas mahasiswa dalam mengikuti perkuliahan pada matkul PKI.
Islamisasi Sebagai Respon Pensekularan Ilmu-Ilmu Modern
Authors: Zulfunun Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Aware of the danger generated by modern western science negating the role of God who then learned by the Muslims, in turn spawned an active response and positive of the Muslims Scientists in view sekularization science is there to do Islamization of modern western science. This type of research is the approach literature study (library research). Ie research that the data source is obtained through books, journals and other related publications media. This paper describes the what, why and how the form of Islamisation developed by Muslim scientists as a response to sekularization contemporary sciences there.

Abstrak
Sadar akan bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh ilmu-ilmu Barat Modern yang menegasikan peran Tuhan yang kemudian dipelajari oleh kaum muslimin, pada akhirnya melahirkan respon aktif dan positif dari kalangan ilmuan muslim dalam melihat pentidakislaman ilmu-ilmu yang ada untuk melakukan islamisasi ilmu-ilmu Barat modern. Jenis penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research). Yaitu penelitian yang sumber datanya diperoleh melalui buku-buku, jurnal dan media publikasi lainnya yang berkaitan. Tulisan ini memaparkan tentang apa, kenapa dan bagaimana bentuk dari islamisasi yang dikembangkan oleh para ilmuan muslim tersebut sebagai sebuah respon terhadap pensekuleran ilmu-ilmu kontemporer yang ada.
GENESIS OF SCIENTIFIC VIEWS AT THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Карнаушенко А.С.
Published: September 2021

The article represent’s the studying of scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, who have handled the development and peculiarities of the organization of entrepreneurship. Scientists, including author of the study, tend to believe that entrepreneurship is a manifestation of economic freedom of the person, who has free choice and the ability to manage their own employment so that they could achieve the greatest success. The main purpose of this study is exploring and systematization of knowledge about entrepreneurship. The methodology of this study is a historical approach to the research topic. The point of this approach is that it is necessary to explore the historical development of the term “entrepreneurship”. As a result of the study, it was found that six main theories of entrepreneurship should be noted, which examine the essence of entrepreneurship from different points of view. The study also presents the main psychological traits which entrepreneur should have. The article identified four social contexts that indicate the entrepreneurial potential of the personality. Anthropological theory indicates that the personality is influenced by social and cultural factors. Resource-based entrepreneurship theory emphasizes the importance of external and internal resources in the formation of an entrepreneur as a subject of economic performance. Considering the historical formation of the term “entrepreneurship” it is established that the first definition of this term was recorded in the 12th century, but in the main economists, scientists and entrepreneurs focused on this phenomenon since the 18th century and until now that issue remains relevant and requires constant systematization of knowledge about it.
Police Enforcement of Cycling Offences: A Case Study in Winnipeg, Manitoba
Authors: Linovski Orly , Snider Aaron
Published: September 2021

Bias in policing is a concern in many Canadian cities, through there is little known about the impact on cyclists. This research analyzed the type and location of tickets issued to cyclists in Winnipeg, Manitoba to understand disparities in enforcement. We find that tickets are issued almost exclusively in inner-city areas, with the majority of tickets issued in five census tracts. Tickets were issued in areas that generally had more racialized and immigrant residents, and uniformly had more low-income residents. The unavailability of key data sources limits more in-depth understanding of the impact of policing on equity-seeking groups.
Ideal Model of Fractional Feed Separation of Dewaxing Unit
Authors:   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Karpov N. V. , Vakhromov N. N. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Dutlov E. V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Bubnov M. A. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Gudkevich I. V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Kapustin V. M. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Chernysheva E. A. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Rudyak K. B. ,   «RN-CIR» LLC, Fadeev V. V . ,   «RN-CIR» LLC, Borisanov D. V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC
Published: September 2021

Complex analysis of close fractions properties of hydrotreated diesel fuel and hydrocracking diesel fuel has been made to evaluate application as a feed of isodawaxing unit on platinum catalyst. The ideal model of feed fractional separation of dewaxing unit feed has been made. It is revealed that more than half of traditional feed of dewaxing units is ballast of the process, which it is required to identify and direct to marketable winter diesel fuel apart from reactor. It is revealed that the most convenient dewaxing feed is heavy part of hydrocracking diesel fuel.
Corn Business Development Opportunities Through an Agribusiness Approach
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Patingari Rasmeidah Rasyid , Alifia Nurfitriana
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to (1) examine the application of the corn farming agribusiness system, (2) examine the production and income generated by corn farming, (3) examine the feasibility of corn farming, and (4) examine the prospects for corn farming development. Tanah Towa Village is located in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. Simple random sampling was used to select up to 59 respondents. The descriptive statistical analysis, farm income analysis, farming feasibility analysis, and time series analysis were all used to analyze the data. The results indicated that (1) the application of the agribusiness farming system with the production facilities subsystem met the correct criteria in 68% of cases and was incorrect in 32% of cases. (2) the average farm production of corn in Tanah Towa Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency in the form of dry shells is still low at 2,204.4 kg/ha, compared to the subdistrict level of 3,733 kg/ha, with farmer income of Rp. 5,942,319/ha. (3) The feasibility of corn farming has increased (R/C = 3), indicating that it is feasible to develop; (4) The prospect of developing corn production in Kajang District has increased, indicating that it has favorable development prospects.significantly, to the point where it now has favorable development prospects.
Uso de carro plataforma para traslado de repuestos de maquinaria pesada, como ayuda ergonómica en bodegueros de la empresa CRCC
Authors: Herrera Samaniego Dalton Fabián , Córdova Suárez Manolo Alexander , Herrera Samaniego René Gustavo , Cuenca Cajamarca María Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Introducción. En la actualidad se ha notado un aumento progresivo de afecciones osteomusculares en las personas que trabajan en las minas de cobre, en especial los bodegueros que hacen levantamiento y traslado de carga de materiales, equipo pesado, repuestos. Objetivo. Se analizó el uso de carro plataforma como ayuda ergonómica, para el traslado de materiales en la bodega de la empresa CRCC, utilizando la tabla de Snook y Ciriello, que se basa en la norma ISO 11228. Metodología. Este trabajo fue de tipo prospectivo, correlacional, cuali-cuantitativo, ya que se implementó un instrumento que mejore el puesto de bodeguero. Primero se determinó el peso máximo aceptable en condiciones normales de trabajo, considerando la postura del trabajador y las características del levantamiento de carga del puesto de bodeguero de la empresa CRCC, utilizando las tablas de Snook y Ciriello que recogen los pesos máximos aceptables recomendados para la manipulación de cargas, con ascensos y descensos sostenidos y la fuerza cuando se ejerce empuje o arrastre de la carga. Para profundizar el estudio se realizó una evaluación del levantamiento y traslado de la carga, posterior a la implementación de un carro plataforma de acero de 4 ruedas con capacidad de carga de 300kg, utilizando el método de empuje y tracción Indicador Clave KIM-PP.  Resultados. De la aplicación de las tablas de Snook y Ciriello en condiciones iniciales se obtuvo un valor de 12,82kg de peso máximo aceptable, considerando: a) transporte manual de la carga, b) la carga es transportada a mano, c) 40kg de peso medio de la carga, d) 10 trasportes por hora, e) agarre inadecuado, f) distancia vertical desde el suelo hasta las manos es de 110cm, g) distancia de traslado de la carga de 8,5m. Luego de la implementación de las medidas ergonómicas se obtuvo una puntuación de 5, que representa un nivel de riesgo ergonómico bajo de 1, tomando en cuenta: a) 68m de distancia de empuje y tracción, b) uso de carro plataforma, c) 40kg de peso de la carga, d) velocidad de movimiento < 0.8 m/s, e) tronco ligeramente inclinado hacia adelante, f) piso con pequeños desniveles.  Conclusión. El resultado del uso del coche plataforma ayuda significativamente en el traslado de la carga de los bodegueros de la empresa CRCC, determinando niveles de riesgo bajo.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМП'ЮТЕРНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ TELL ME MORE ТА СИСТЕМИ SMARTKOM У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Бабчук Юлія Йосипівна
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто та описано використання сучасних інформаційних технологій, а саме комп’ютерних програм розпізнання та синтезу мовлення Tell me More та проєкту SmartKom на заняттях з вивчення різних іноземних мов. Проаналізовано основні принципи роботи з цими програмами, можливості для студентів розпізнавати вимову мовців, демонструвати вимову іноземних мов за допомогою графіків, осцилограм тощо. Виділено найважливіші переваги програм: розвиток усіх мовленнєвих навичок, розширення словникового запасу, закріплення граматичного матеріалу, можливість комунікації у режимі людина – комп’ютер та навпаки, можливість створення і зберігання інформації, візуалізація вимови, використання тривимірних анімаційних роликів, створення діалогічних систем та створення умов для самоосвіти і самовдосконалення навичок і вмінь студентів. Зокрема програма Tell me More передбачає розміщення відеосюжетів з візуальною опорою або, залежно від рівня студентів, розпізнання та синтезу мовлення, фіксованої системи виявлення помилок, постановки правильної вимови. В основі мультимодальної діалогічної системи SmartKom є дослідження просодії емоційного мовлення, міміки обличчя людини та відстеження емоційного ставлення до одержаної інформації.
Важливим також є виділення найважливіших ознак вказаних вище програм, а саме: доступність, легкість у використанні, можливість комунікації та співпраці, зокрема віддаленої, сприяння результативній самостійній роботі студентів. Ці програми відповідають принципам багатоканального навчання, при їх використанні залучено велику кількість органів чуття людини, що сприяє усуненню мовних та психологічних бар’єрів, позитивним емоціям та показникам успішності навчання. Важливим є врахування індивідуальних особливостей навчання студентів, а саме темпу сприйняття навчального матеріалу. У статті зазначено, що за допомогою вказаних програм та технологій можна виявити просодичні характеристики мовлення, відстежити емоційне ставлення людини до одержаної інформації.
Influencia de la temperatura en la soldadura de unión disímil mediante proceso de gas y tungsteno
Authors: Fernández Columbié Tomás , Rodríguez González Isnel , Suárez Torres Ledemis
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se hace una caracterización microestructural de las transformaciones que ocurren en una soldadura disímil, mediante el proceso de soldadura de gas y tungsteno, entre la aleación de tantalio B 521 y el acero inoxidable AISI 316. La costura se realizó a tope, en tuberías de 1,3 milímetros de espesor, con electrodo no consumible de tungsteno al 2 % de torio (WT20). Los parámetros del ciclo térmico considerados fueron la velocidad de soldadura, la energía lineal y entrante del proceso. En esta unión, por efecto de la transferencia de calor, se generó estructura del tipo columnas tosca, estructuras dendríticas, así como una estructura de una red de células hexagonales y ferrita-δ. En el barrido de dureza se determinó un incremento en la zona afectada por el calor de 200 HV en el primero (Tantalio) y de 285 HV para el segundo (acero inoxidable), con un valor de 525 HV en la zona fundida.
Estrategias colaborativas de aprendizajes de estudiantes durante la COVID-19. Caso: Curso de Teoría de Control
Authors: Chang Ignacio , Navarro Zeballos Eugenio
Published: September 2021

Gracias al amplio desarrollo y popularización de las redes informáticas, el conocimiento se encuentra al alcance de prácticamente de cualquier persona al instante. La educación actual continúa con métodos del siglo XIX y XX. Por esta razón, los métodos de enseñanza en la educación superior deben ser actualizados a la realidad que se vive para tratar de potenciar las capacidades del estudiante. Este documento presenta un caso de estudio donde se busca determinar cualitativamente la influencia de la utilización de métodos de aprendizaje que incentivan el trabajo colaborativo en los estudiantes. Por lo que, se le asignó a cada grupo de estudiantes la tarea de resolver un problema de aplicación sobre el curso dado, y adicional se introdujo un reto extra, en el cual se podía utilizar cualquier herramienta libre.  El objetivo principal era explicar de manera didáctica cómo se resolvería el problema, con la finalidad de reforzar los conocimientos previos del curso, así como desarrollar habilidades blandas como el trabajo en equipo y la creatividad. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que utilizar el método colaborativo estimula el interés de los estudiantes y en participar; facilita organizar su tiempo para la solución; permite coordinar con los demás miembros del grupo y ser autodidacta.
The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with portal hypertension: Advantages and pitfalls
Authors: Lee Hae Lim , Lee Sung Won
Published: September 2021

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective interventional procedure to relieve portal hypertension, which is a main mechanism for the development of complications of liver cirrhosis (LC), such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and hepatorenal syndrome. However, the high incidence of adverse events after TIPS implementation limits its application in clinical practice. Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is one of the major indications for TIPS. Recently, preemptively performed TIPS has been recommended, as several studies have shown that TIPS significantly reduced mortality as well as rebleeding or failure to control bleeding in patients who are at high risk of treatment failure for bleeding control with endoscopic variceal ligation and vasoactive drugs. Meanwhile, recurrent ascites is another indication for TIPS with a proven survival benefit. TIPS may also be considered as an effective treatment for other LC complications, usually as an alternative therapy. Although there are concerns about the development of hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic dysfunction after TIPS implementation, careful patient selection using prognostic scores can lead to excellent outcomes. Assessments of cardiac and renal function prior to TIPS may also be considered to improve patient prognosis.
Saltmarsh seeds in motion: the relative importance of dispersal units and abiotic conditions
Authors: Zhao Z , Zhang L , Yuan L , Bouma TJ
Published: September 2021

Propagule dispersal is fundamental to the colonization of new habitats, metapopulation connectivity, and gene flow and thus enables saltmarsh species to cope with global change. In this study, mesocosm and flume experiments were used to quantify the effects of different dispersal units (i.e. seed, spikelet, inflorescence, and plant fragment-containing seeds) and abiotic conditions on the dispersal processes of 4 globally distributed saltmarsh species: Salicornia europaea, Scirpus maritimus, Spartina anglica, and Elymus athericus. The results showed that (1) moving seawater has a species-specific effect on buoyancy, leading to prolonged floatability of high tidal-flat species E. athericus and reduced floatability of pioneer species; (2) tidal currents increase dispersal speed, whereas wind can have additive or antagonistic effects on current-dominated dispersal speed depending on its direction; (3) wave action reduces dispersal speed, but this effect becomes smaller with increasing wave magnitudes and/or applied co-directional wind; (4) dispersal speed may vary depending on the physical forcing and type and morphology of the dispersal units, but the largest species effect is related to the period in which units remain buoyant; and (5) the dispersal potential of saltmarsh species in wind wave-dominated coastal environments can be ordered as follows: E. athericus > S. maritimus > S. anglica > S. europaea. This study provides valuable guidance for future numerical hydrodynamic models of saltmarsh dispersal and establishment, allowing more accurate prediction of the distributional responses of saltmarsh species to climate change, thereby supporting appropriate management and restoration strategies.
Water temperature is a key driver of horizontal and vertical movements of an ocean giant, the whale shark Rhincodon typus
Authors: Arrowsmith LM , Sequeira AMM , Pattiaratchi CB , Meekan MG
Published: September 2021

Integrated analysis of the vertical and horizontal movements of epipelagic fishes requires high-resolution data from tags that have been attached to animals for long periods. The recovery of a SPLASH tag deployed on a whale sharkRhincodon typusfor 3 mo enabled access to archival data of horizontal and vertical movements of the shark that travelled 5380 km from Christmas Island to the Banda Sea. We examined water temperature and bathymetry to compare movements of the shark with key oceanographic features. Over 89 d, we identified 1931 dives and grouped these into 5 broad categories depending on dive shape. To investigate the potential for these dives to reflect behavioural thermoregulation, we used boosted regression trees to model the relationship between pre- and post-dive surface durations and dive characteristics. The movements of the shark were correlated with water temperatures, with the animal following frontal systems while remaining in a sea surface temperature (SST) range of 24-29°C. Across the continental shelf off north-western Australia, the shark mostly remained near the seafloor, likely avoiding very warm SSTs and strong currents at the surface. U- (foraging) and V- (searching) shaped dives accounted for ~78% of dives. Foraging dives during the day descended to 200-500 m and were preceded and followed by extended periods at the surface, whereas at night, the shark rarely dived below 200 m, likely foraging near the thermocline. Our results show how water temperatures influence the movement of this whale shark, with ‘basking’ at the surface during the day likely to gather environmental heat for thermoregulation, aiding to maintain body temperatures.