bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Catastrophic Emergency Project for the Ventilation System of Main Transport Roadway in Nanyangpo Coal Mine
Authors: Zhang Shi Yi , Jia Bao Shan , Pi Zi Kun
Published: August 2013

In order to prevent and reduce Main Transport Roadway in Nanyangpo Coal Mine shipping tape roadway disaster caused casualties and property losses, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the main transport system tape of Main Transport Roadway in Nanyangpo coal mine roadway fire and hazardous, point to tape of the main transport system the roadway event of a fire, fire pressure and throttling effect is the main reason leading to romantic disorder. For example Main Transport Roadway in Nanyangpo coal mine main transport coal tape Lane, propose on the main mine belt conveyor road catastrophic ventilation system and the corresponding the Hazmat ventilation embodiment.
Property Study on Coal Cutter Brazed by New Water Soluble Copper Brazing Agent
Authors: Zhang Ning , Ge Jin Guo , Yang Feng , Niu Huan Huan , Yang Li , He Min
Published: August 2013

By using HL105 brazing piece as filler metal and the water soluble copper brazing agent made by self, we welded the coal cutter by induction brazing, which was used 42CrMo steel as the body and YG15 hard alloy as the head. By studying the microstructure and mechanical property of brazing seam, we found that the bending strength of the joint welded by using the home-made fluxes had achieved a superior level. The quality of brazing seam on the condition of the fluxes and water in a four-to-six ratio was superior to that when the fluxes is dewatering borax or the fluxes and water in a half-to-half ratio.
On the Design and Analysis of Acoustic Horns for Ultrasonic Welding Teflon Encapsulated O-Ring
Authors: Shu Kuen Ming , Wang Yu Jen , Yen Hoa Shen
Published: August 2013

The acoustic horn plays a very vital part in high energy ultrasonic machining, and its design is critical to the quality and the efficiency of ultrasonic machining. This paper performs the analysis and design of acoustic horns for ultrasonic welding Teflon encapsulated O-ring by employing ANSYS finite element software. Firstly, the theoretical dimensions of the horns are calculated. Moreover, their natural frequencies and amplitudes are obtained through the simulations of ANSYS.
Study on Sheet Metal Riveting Processes and Devices
Authors: Mao Xian Chang , Lin Hai Yan
Published: August 2013

Riveting effect is influenced greatly by riveting processes, and it is valuable to research them. Base on the current trends and development of sheet riveting, the methods and tools of sheet metal riveting are introduced in detail, including rivet riveting and riveting without rivet. The principle and characteristics of the tools are discussed and the existing defects of riveting technology are concluded.
Extension Mechanism Research of Vertical Hydraulic Fracture Cross Sand-Mudstone Interface
Authors: Jiang Min Zheng , Sun Da Xing , Wang Su Ling , Cai Yu Miao , Shen Xin Pu
Published: August 2013

Propagation characteristics of crack cross different elastic material interface is important to hydrodynamic fracture of control technology .It makes the specimens of rock and similar materials including interfacial layer to do theItype crack through three-point bending experiments. The text shows that the crack occurred deflection through the interface. Based on damage mechanics, establish the plasticity damage model to describe the sand-mudstone damage behavior. Using the numerical solution technology to simulate the loading cracking process, the experimental and numerical simulation results are in good agreement. The main reason causing the fracture deflection is that the difference of sand-mudstone mechanics of materials property results in interface shear stress increasing, and result in the Itype crack expand transform to the I-IImixed type mode crack. TheII type shear crack makes the crack lateral spreading on the interface. Finally, leading to fracture deflection, the extent of deflection is associated with materials properties of mudstone, Shale content is more low, the deflection is more weak, and vice versa. It is important significance to controlling hydro-fracturing fracture extension.
Mn Ore Smelting Reduction Based on Double Slag Operation in BOF
Authors: Yang Zhi Zheng , Li Guang Qiang , Huang Cheng Hong , Ding Jin Fa
Published: August 2013

This paper aims at finding a way to increase the rate of Mn yield in Mn ore smelting reduction process based on double slag operation in BOF. The thermodynamics of the process was analyzed and the experiments including slag-steel reaction in lab and steelmaking simulation in pilot plant were carried out. The results above were proved to be valid in industrial scale experiment in general steelmaking factory of WISCO. The industrial scale experimental results showed that 35%~50% of Mn yield could be obtained with conditions of higher temperature and high carbon content at the end point in conventional BOF process based on double slag operation, which can benefit to the efficiency of BOF process as well as less carbon emissions.
Research on the Relationship between Permeability and Pore Size Characteristics of Microporous Nonwoven Geotextile
Authors: Ni Bing Xuan , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2013

The hydraulic permeability performance of geosynthetics is an important functional technical index in the field of engineering application. In this paper, the pore size characteristics of a series different specifications of spunbond and needlepunched nonwoven geotextile has tested through capillary flow aperture measuring instrument, including average pore diameter, maximum pore size and pore size distribution. The permeability characteristics of nonwoven geotextile has measured by vertical permeability measuring instrument, including flow index and vertical permeability coefficient. We study on the compressive properties of nonwoven geotextile under the different pressure, through the relationship between the average pore diameter and flow index to fit curve, and built the regression equation, so we can calculate and predict the water permeability performance through pore size Characteristics.
Fabrication and Properties of Corn Husk Fiber / Polylactic Acid Fiberboard
Authors: Yu Xiang , Lv Li Hua , Wei Chun Yan , Xiao Wang , Cui Yong Zhu , Ouyang Yi Wei
Published: August 2013

In this study corn husk used as raw material, and achieved corn husk fiber through degumming properly. Then degradable fiberboard can be obtained with husk fiber and polylactic acid particles through blending and hot pressing. Taking mass fraction and length of corn husk fiber, hot-pressing time and temperature as factors, and taking tensile, bending and impact strength as index, through the L9 (34) orthogonal testing and range analyzing and achieved the optimal process parameters is: corn husk fiber mass fraction is 50%, corn husk fiber length is 10 mm, hot pressing time is 6 min, hot pressing temperature is 180 °C. Under the optimal process condition, a optimal fiberboard is obtained, whose tensile strength is 69.32 MPa, bending strength is 90.26 MPa, impact strength is 18.5 KJ/m2. The conclusion of this paper provides the theoretical guidance for the reuse technology of corn husk fiber.
Modeling and Analysis of Planar Multibody System Containing Deep Groove Ball Bearing with Slider-Crank Mechanism
Authors: Sun Ao , Yao Ting Qiang
Published: August 2013

With the rotating machinery system developing toward high speed, high precision, and high reliability direction, ball bearing dynamic performance have a critical impact to dynamics characteristics of support system. Based on multibody dynamics theory and contact dynamics method,and considering the ball and ring raceway 3 d dynamic contact relationship, using ADAMS dynamics analysis software to establish the multibody dynamics model of crank slider mechanism containing ball bearing dynamic contact relationship.The simulation analysis of the dynamic performance of the ball bearing and the crank slider mechanism dynamics response, and the influence of dynamic performance for considering ball bearing rotating mechanical system dynamics analysis provides a reference method.The simulation analysts the influence of dynamic performance of the ball bearing to the crank slider mechanism dynamics response. It provides a reference method for rotating mechanical system dynamics analysis considering the dynamic performance of the ball bearing.
Experimental and Modeling Studies of the Interlayer Effect on Stress Wave Propagation of Ceramic/Ti6Al4V Armors
Authors: Miao Cheng , Li Guo Fei , Zhong Tao , Yang Wei Ling , Yang Lin , Li Shu Tao
Published: August 2013

The effect of steel, copper and aluminum interlayer on the stress wave propagation of ceramic/ Ti6Al4V armors were studied by traditional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system in this paper. Based on the SHPB experimental results, the stress wave propagation mechanism and energy absorption in tri-layered structure were discussed. Compared to ceramic/Ti6Al4V structure without interlayer, the steel, copper and aluminum interlayer could attenuate the transmission stress level and greatly increase the energy absorption of the structure. Due to the high acoustic reluctance of steel and copper interlayer, the reflected shock wave was in compressed situation and extended a tri-axial compressive stress within the ceramic which could improve the anti-penetration properties of ceramic plate. The numerical modeling studies of ballistic testing were carried on, and then the energy densities were compared. The results showed the steel and copper interlayer could increase the energy absorption of ceramic and improve the anti-penetration of ceramic plate. The three kinds of interlayer structures all could attenuate transmitted energy and decrease the residual penetration.
Design and Electromagnetic FEM Analysis of a High Gradient Magnet for the Magnetic Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Zhang Rui Lin , Feng Jie , Qu Ya Nan , Geng Ping , Qi Shou Liang
Published: August 2013

Magnetic targeted-drug delivery system (MTDs) works as a promising cancer treatment approach, and is entering the mainstream. It applies an external magnetic field to attract and guide the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) carrying treatment agent and targeted antibodies to the lesion region. Its key factor is the high gradient magnet. Here three types of magnets are proposed, i.e., open circuit magnet, close circuit magnet with planar poles, and close circuit magnet with concave-convex poles. And then their magnet field distributions are calculated through the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results are compared with each other and the measurement of Gauss Meter for the manufactured magnet, and the primary experimental result is also reported. It is found the closed magnet circuit with concave-convex poles shows about 2.0 and 1.2 times higher magnetic field intensity (H) than the open magnet circuit and the close magnet circuit with planar poles, respectively. Most important is it owns largest Grad (H) (1.0 e6 A/m2) among three magnets. The simulation agrees well with the measurement, and the primary experimental results also show the magnet can attract MNPs efficiently. Hence the calculation enables provide with credible input for the further trajectory simulation for MNPs.
‘Van vandag af is jou naam Februarie!’ Naamgewing en naamstroping in tekste van Diana Ferrus, I. D. du Plessis en Rayda Jacob
Authors: Chaudhari Shamiega
Published: August 2013

This article examines naming as the core of identity and how the stripping of a name can lead to the loss of identity. In South African history the colonisation of the Cape Colony since 1652 is considered the start of forced labour and slavery. Although slavery had a major impact on South African history, limited slave narratives about their personal and life experiences are available. Their identity was hardly of interest to the colonists and it is therefore not surprising that the colonists were not concerned about the effects and consequences of name stripping on the marginalized slave. Naming is an ancient practice which deserves to be explored in its relation to identity. Naming and identity are inextricably linked. Richard D. Alford found that no single society exists which does not bestow personal names on its members. A personal name leads to individualisation and once it occurs naming enters the realm of identity. The effects of name stripping still surfaces centuries later with many descendents being unable to trace their family roots. Despite extended postcolonial research on various related fields, not much emphasis has been placed on naming and/or name stripping of personal names in South Africa. This article explores the cognition of naming and the consequences of name stripping in contemporary Afrikaans literary texts. It argues that by stripping individuals from their names, they are torn from their history, place and culture. It specifically highlights naming techniques such as pejorative, calendar, classical and biblical names used to dehumanise and disempower slaves. These techniques will be examined in texts from three literary genres, the novel, The Slave Book by Rayda Jacobs, short stories in Drie Wêrelde [“Three Worlds”] by I. D. du Plessis and the poem, “Ons komvandaan” (“My Ancestry”) by Diana Ferrus.
On the presence of equatorial waves in the lower stratosphere of a general circulation model
Authors: Maury P. , Lott F.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. To challenge the hypothesis that equatorial waves in the lower stratosphere are essentially forced by convection, we use the LMDz atmospheric model extended to the stratosphere and compare two versions having very different convection schemes but no quasi biennial oscillation (QBO). The two versions have realistic time mean precipitation climatologies but very different precipitation variabilities. Despite these differences, the equatorial stratospheric Kelvin waves at 50 hPa are almost identical in the two versions and quite realistic. The Rossby-gravity waves are also very close but significantly weaker than in observations. We demonstrate that this bias on the Rossby-gravity waves is essentially due to a dynamical filtering occurring because the model zonal wind is systematically westward: during a westward phase of the QBO, the Rossby-gravity waves in ERA-Interim compare well with those in the model. These results suggest that in the model the effect of the convection scheme on the waves is in part hidden by the dynamical filtering and the waves are produced by other sources than equatorial convection. For the Kelvin waves, this last point is illustrated by an Eliassen and Palm flux analysis, showing that in the model they come more from the subtropics and mid-latitude regions whereas in the ERA-Interim reanalysis the sources are more equatorial. We also show that non-equatorial sources are significant in reanalysis data, and we consider the case of the Rossby-gravity waves. We identify situations in the reanalysis where here are large Rossby-gravity waves in the middle stratosphere, and for dates when the stratosphere is dynamically separated from the equatorial troposphere. We refer to this process as a "stratospheric reloading".
Terrestrial carbon sink observed from space: variation of growth rates and seasonal cycle amplitudes in response to interannual surface temperature variability
Authors: Schneising O. , Reuter M. , Buchwitz M. , Heymann J. , Bovensmann H. , Burrows J. P.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The terrestrial biosphere is currently acting as a net carbon sink on the global scale exhibiting significant interannual variability in strength. To reliably predict the future strength of the land sink and its role in atmospheric CO2 growth the underlying processes and their response to a changing climate need to be well understood. In particular, better knowledge of the impact of key climate variables like temperature or precipitation on the biospheric carbon reservoir is essential. It is demonstrated using nearly a decade of SCIAMACHY nadir measurements that years with higher temperatures during the growing season can be robustly associated with larger growth rates in atmospheric CO2 and smaller seasonal cycle amplitudes for northern mid-latitudes. We find linear relationships between warming and CO2 growth as well as seasonal cycle amplitude at the 98% significance level. This suggests that the terrestrial carbon sink is less efficient at higher temperatures, which might lead to future sink saturation via a positive carbon-climate feedback. Quantitatively, the covariation between the annual CO2 growth rates derived from SCIAMACHY data and warm season surface temperature anomaly amounts to 1.25±0.32 ppm yr−1 K−1 for the Northern Hemisphere where the bulk of the terrestrial carbon sink is located. In comparison, the relation is less pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The covariation of the seasonal cycle amplitudes derived from satellite and temperature anomaly is −1.30±0.31 ppm K−1 for the north temperate zone. These estimates are consistent with those from the CarbonTracker data assimilated CO2 data product indicating that the temperature dependence of the model surface fluxes is realistic.
Comparison between vortices created and evolving during fixed and dynamic solar wind conditions
Authors: Collado-Vega Y. M. , Kessel R. L. , Sibeck D. G. , Kalb V. L. , Boller R. A. , Rastaetter L.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We employ Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to examine the creation and evolution of plasma vortices within the Earth's magnetosphere for steady solar wind plasma conditions. Very few vortices form during intervals of such solar wind conditions. Those that do remain in fixed positions for long periods (often hours) and exhibit rotation axes that point primarily in the x or y direction, parallel (or antiparallel) to the local magnetospheric magnetic field direction. Occasionally, the orientation of the axes rotates from the x direction to another direction. We compare our results with simulations previously done for unsteady solar wind conditions. By contrast, these vortices that form during intervals of varying solar wind conditions exhibit durations ranging from seconds (in the case of those with axes in the x or y direction) to minutes (in the case of those with axes in the z direction) and convect antisunward. The local-time dependent sense of rotation seen in these previously reported vortices suggests an interpretation in terms of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. For steady conditions, the biggest vortices developed on the dayside (about 6 RE in diameter), had their rotation axes aligned with the y direction and had the longest periods of duration. We attribute these vortices to the flows set up by reconnection on the high-latitude magnetopause during intervals of northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) orientation. This is the first time that vortices due to high-latitude reconnection have been visualized. The model also successfully predicts the principal characteristics of previously reported plasma vortices within the magnetosphere, namely their dimension, flow velocities, and durations.
A range correction for ICESat and its potential impact on ice sheet mass balance studies
Authors: Borsa A. A. , Moholdt G. , Fricker H. A. , Brunt K. M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We report on a range error in NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) that degrades elevation precision and introduces a small but significant elevation trend over the ICESat mission period. This range error (the Gaussian-Centroid or "G-C" offset) varies on a shot-to-shot basis and increases in magnitude as laser transmit energies decline. Although the G-C offset is uncorrelated over periods ≤1 day, it evolves over the life of each of ICESat's three lasers in a series of ramps and jumps that give rise to spurious elevation trends of 0.92 to 1.90 cm yr−1, depending on the time period considered. Using data over the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves we show that (1) the G-C offset introduces significant biases in ice-shelf mass balance estimates, and (2) the mass balance bias can vary between regions because of different temporal sampling of ICESat. We can accurately reproduce the impact of the G-C offset on these two ice shelves by fitting trends to sample-weighted global mean G-C offsets for each campaign, suggesting that it may not be necessary to fully repeat earlier ICESat studies to determine the impact of the G-C offset on ice sheet mass balance estimates.
Leitura e conhecimento
Authors: Maia Rita Maria de Abreu
Published: August 2013

Esse artigo é uma reflexão sobre as relações entre a leitura e o conhecimento nas diversas áreas do saber e ressalta o papel do professor como promotor de leitura e formador de leitores.
Walter Benjamin: uma visão crítica do progresso e da tecnologia
Authors: Peixoto Luiz Antonio da Silva
Published: August 2013

O pensador alemão Walter Benjamin, influenciado pela tradição romântica, pelo judaísmo e pelo materialismo histórico, elabora uma crítica profunda aos padrões vigentes do progresso técnico e à consequente destruição da natureza, que tem um tom profético e uma grande atualidade em nossos dias.
Laboratórios didáticos de ciências - o computador na sala de aula
Authors: Reis Ernesto Macedo
Published: August 2013

Não há como protelar a chegada dos computadores nas Escolas. Esse fato cria tendências que apontam para uma mudança na Educação que não será mais a mesma depois da inclusão desses nos ambientes de sala de aulas. A questão inclui o fato de que muitos pontos de difícil desenvolvimento, como algumas etapas nos Laboratórios tradicionais podem transformar-se em tarefas agradáveis quando utilizamos o dinamismo do computador. Pretendemos discutir a ação em momentos atuais de situações que envolvem o dia-a-dia de alguns Laboratórios de Ciências baseados no Microcomputador, que se criaram em muitas Escolas do nosso país. Essa tentativa de levar o computador para a sala de aula apresenta grandes vantagens desde que esses ambientes possam estar inseridos em propostas pedagógicas de professores, pedagogos e equipe de suporte, iniciando suas atividades desde a etapa de planejamento dos espaços a serem utilizados, e até a metodologia de trabalho bem definida.
Qualidade na educação
Authors: Dias Míriam Fernandes Xavier
Published: August 2013

Abordaremos neste artigo a aplicação dos Programas de Qualidade na administração escolar. Apresentaremos a organização escolar típica do modelo tradicional e os Programas de Qualidade, desenvolvidos e aplicados com sucesso no mundo empresarial, mostrando como estes programas são adaptados para a gestão escolar, suas implicações no tocante ao envolvimento dos integrantes do processo e as transformações pertinentes. Após esta abordagem com enfoque geral, destacaremos o caso brasileiro que é o Programa “Escola de Qualidade Total” desenvolvido pelo MEC – Ministério da Educação e Cultura – atualmente Ministério da Educação e Desporto, suas metas e estratégias.
A educação ambiental no processo de formação profissional: Perspectivas, impasses e desafios
Authors: Ferreira Maria Inês Paes , Mello Dalila Silva
Published: August 2013

O presente trabalho relata as experiências desenvolvidas para implantação da Educação Ambiental (E.A.) na UNED Macaé do CEFET Campos, durante os anos de 1997 a 2002. O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar a contribuição das metodologias empregadas na formação do cidadão/profissional crítico, comprometido com a mudança de paradigmas e a nova consciência necessárias a melhoria das condições sócio-ambientais a nível local, conforme disposto não só na legislação vigente, mas também no Projeto Político Pedagógico do CEFET Campos. Visou-se também verificar o alcance das ações desenvolvidas para além dos muros da escola, através de contribuições concretas às comunidades envolvidas nas atividades executadas.
Origens e sistematização da geografia
Authors: Simões Lázaro Manhães
Published: August 2013

Este artigo pretende demonstrar, de forma breve, as origens, a organização e a sistematização da atividade geográfica a partir da exposição das idéias dos principais representantes da geografia clássica alemã: Alexander von Humboldt, Karl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel e Alfred Hettner.
Critérios da usabilidade: Um auxílio à qualidade do software
Authors: Silva Simone Vasconcelos
Published: August 2013

Um produto de software de qualidade é aquele que satisfaz as necessidades de seus usuários. Este artigo descreve uma abordagem da qualidade do produto de software baseada em uma das suas características – a usabilidade, ou seja, a qualidade na interação entre os usuários e o software. Este artigo pretende, a partir do julgamento dos critérios da usabilidade pelos próprios usuários, demonstrar que a prioridade de tais critérios depende diretamente da área de aplicação do produto de software.
"Minha Formação": Ritmo e performance da escrita de Joaquim Nabuco
Authors: Souza José Fernando Rodrigues de
Published: August 2013

A leitura de textos virtuais em língua estrangeira é um aspecto significativo na formação acadêmica e profissional dos sujeitos da contemporaneidade. O letramento eletrônico é uma prática pedagógica que favorece o desenvolvimento dessas duas linguagens. Este artigo mostra como, uma vez concluídas as pesquisas para o curso de Mestrado, iniciamos um projeto experimental no CEFET-Campos, na tentativa de ampliar e renovar o ensino da língua inglesa nos cursos superiores de Tecnologia.
Scouse
Authors: Crowley Tony
Published: August 2013

Nowhere in Britain is more closely associated with a form of language than Liverpool. Yet the history of language in Liverpool has been obscured by misrepresentation and myth-making and narratives of Liverpool’s linguistic past have scarcely done justice to the rich, complex and fascinating history which produced it. Scouse: A Social and Cultural History presents a ground-breaking and iconoclastic account which challenges many of the forms of received wisdom about language in Liverpool and presents an alternative version of the currently accepted history. Ranging from the mid eighteenth century to the present, the book explores evidence from a host of different sources including the first histories of Liverpool, a rare slaving drama set in the port, a poor house report which records the first use of ‘Scouse’ (the dish), nineteenth century debates on Gladstone’s speech, the ‘lost’ literature of the city, early to mid twentieth century newspaper accounts of Liverpudlian words, idioms and traditions, little-known essays which coined the use of ‘Scouse’ to refer to the language of Liverpool, aspects of popular culture in the 1950s and 60s, the Lern Yerself Scouse series, and examples drawn from contemporary literature. In addition the analysis draws on recent developments within the fields of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology - particularly with regard to the study of language and identity and the relationship between language and a sense of place – in order to provide a radically new understanding of ‘Scouse’ in terms of its history, its representation, and its contemporary social and cultural significance.
London Irish Fictions
Authors: Murray Tony
Published: August 2013

This is the first book about the literature of the Irish in London. By examining over 30 novels, short stories and autobiographies set in London since the Second World War, London Irish Fictions investigates the complex psychological landscapes of belonging and cultural allegiance found in these unique and intensely personal perspectives on the Irish experience of migration. As well as bringing new research to bear on the work of established Irish writers such as Edna O’Brien, John McGahern, Emma Donoghue and Joseph O’Connor, this study reveals a fascinating and hitherto unexplored literature, diverse in form and content. By synthesising theories of narrative and diaspora into a new methodological approach to the study of migration, London Irish Fictions sheds new light on the ways in which migrant identities are negotiated, mediated and represented through literature. It also examines the specific role that the metropolis plays in literary portrayals of migrant experience as an arena for the performance of Irishness, as a catalyst in transformations of Irishness and as an intrinsic component of second-generation Irish identities. Furthermore, by analysing the central role of narrative in configuring migrant cultures and identities, it reassesses notions of exile, escape and return in Irish culture more generally. In this regard, it has particular relevance to current debates on migration and multiculturalism in both Britain and Ireland, especially in the wake of an emerging new phase of Irish migration in the post-‘Celtic Tiger’ era.
Pengaruh umur larva terhadap kualitas ratu yang dihasilkan pada penangkaran lebah ratu Apis cerana L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) dengan teknik pencangkokan
Authors: Kuntadi Kuntadi
Published: August 2013

Percobaan teknik cangkok berbagai umur larva lebah madu Apis cerana L. ditujukan untuk mengetahui potensi kualitas ratu yang akan dihasilkan. Empat perlakuan larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari diaplikasikan pada uji coba pencangkokan, masing-masing sebanyak 5 mangkok ratu di setiap koloni percobaan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 5 koloni lebah madu A. cerana sebagai ulangan percobaan. Bobot pupa digunakan sebagai indikator potensi reproduktivitas ratu yang akan dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur larva berpengaruh terhadap tingkat penerimaan larva yang dicangkokan dan bobot pupa calon ratu. Tingkat penerimaan larva lebih tinggi pada larva muda dibandingkan dengan larva yang lebih tua sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh jumlah perkembangan sel ratu yang berhasil dierami. Jumlah rata-rata sel yang berkembang menjadi sel ratu dari hasil pencangkokan larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari berturut-turut sebanyak 4,4 ± 1,1 sel/koloni, 3,4 ± 1,1 sel/koloni, 2,0 ± 1,0 sel/koloni, dan 2,4 ± 0,5 sel/koloni. Larva umur 1 dan 2 hari menghasilkan pupa dengan bobot yang lebih berat dari pada yang berasal dari larva umur 3 dan 4 hari. Larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari berturut-turut menghasilkan pupa dengan berat rata-rata 153,33 ± 4,48 mg/individu, 149,14 ± 6,29 mg/individu, 126,17 ± 7,28 mg/individu, dan 126,70 ± 7,61 mg/individu. Tidak ada perbedaan bobot pupa antara hasil pencangkokan dengan larva umur 1 dan 2 hari dan antara larva umur 3 dan 4 hari. Dengan demikian, larva umur 1 dan 2 hari berpotensi menghasilkan lebah ratu yang lebih berkualitas dibandingkan dengan larva umur 3 dan 4 hari.
TEACHING RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS TO YOUNG CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Bauer Sara M. , Jones Emily A. , Feeley Kathleen M.
Published: August 2013

Despite extensive evidence of significant and pervasive impairments in communication in individuals with Down syndrome, there is relatively little empirical and behavior analytic research demonstrating effective intervention procedures. In this study, we examined a behavior analytic intervention to teach answers to questions in two children with Down syndrome. Children acquired the target responses and generalized across settings and people. This contributes to the growing body of demonstrations of behavior analytic interventions to address the needs of children with Down syndrome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water and side‐chain embedded π‐turns
Authors: Dasgupta Bhaskar , Dey Sucharita , Chakrabarti Pinak
Published: August 2013

Elucidating protein function from its structure is central to the understanding of cellular mechanisms. This involves deciphering the dependence of local structural motifs on sequence. These structural motifs may be stabilized by direct or water‐mediated hydrogen bonding among the constituent residues. π‐Turns, defined by interactions between (i) and (i + 5) positions, are large enough to contain a central space that can embed a water molecule (or a protein moiety) to form a stable structure. This work is an analysis of such embedded π‐turns using a nonredundant dataset of protein structures. A total of 2965 embedded π‐turns have been identified, as also 281 embedded Schellman motif, a type of π‐turn which occurs at the C‐termini of α‐helices. Embedded π‐turns and Schellman motifs have been classified on the basis of the protein atoms of the terminal turn residues that are linked by the embedded moiety, conformation, residue composition, and compared with the turns that have terminal residues connected by direct hydrogen bonds. Geometrically, the turns have been fitted to a circle and the position of the linker relative to its center analyzed. The hydroxyl group of Ser and Thr, located at (i + 3) position, is the most prominent linker for the side‐chain mediated π‐turns. Consideration of residue conservation among homologous sequences indicates the terminal and the linker positions to be the most conserved. The embedded π‐turn as a binding site (for the linker) is discussed in the context of “nest,” a concave depression that is formed in protein structures with adjacent residues having enantiomeric main‐chain conformations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 441–453, 2014.
Comparison of the morphology of the rotator cuff muscles across age groups
Authors: Yanagisawa Osamu , Okumura Koji , Torii Suguru
Published: August 2013

We aimed at investigating the morphological difference of the rotator cuff (RC) muscles among age groups from elementary school students to college students. The subjects included 10 college (22.6 ± 1.8 years), 10 high school (16.8 ± 0.6 years), 10 junior high school (13.9 ± 0.6 years), and 10 elementary school (10.4 ± 0.5 years) students. Consecutive oblique sagittal magnetic resonance T1‐weighted images of the dominant shoulder were acquired for each participant. Muscle length, maximal anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA), the position of the maximal ACSA at full muscle length, muscle volume, and the individual‐to‐total RC muscle volume ratio for the supraspinatus, external rotators (infraspinatus and teres minor), and subscapularis were evaluated. The muscle length, maximal ACSA, and muscle volume in the RC muscles significantly increased with increasing age (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between college and high school students except in regard to the volume of the external rotators. There was no difference in the position of the maximal ACSA or the individual‐to‐total RC muscle volume ratio among the groups. The findings of this study show that the size of each RC muscle increases with increasing age, but the position of maximal ACSA and the proportion of each muscle to the total RC muscle volume are similar among age groups from elementary school students to college students. Clin. Anat. 27:365–369, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials with Enzyme‐Like Characteristics (Nanozymes): Next‐Generation Artificial Enzymes
Authors: Wei Hui , Wang Erkang
Published: August 2013

Review: 302 refs.
The Potential of IR Micro‐Imaging for In‐situ Studies of Chemical Reactions in Nanoporous Catalysts
Authors: Kullmann Jens , Küster Christian , Titze Tobias , Chmelik Christian , Gläser Roger , Enke Dirk , Prager Lutz
Published: August 2013

Die In‐situ‐Untersuchung chemischer Reaktionen ist ein derzeit intensiv bearbeitetes Forschungsgebiet. Ein geeignetes Verfahren ist die IR‐Micro‐Imaging‐Technik, die es ermöglicht, orts‐ und zeitaufgelöste IR‐Spektren aufzunehmen. Die Herstellung eines Modells mit 3D‐Porensystem für die In‐situ‐Aufzeichnung von Konzentrationsprofilen mittels IR‐Micro‐Imaging wird beschrieben, das die orts‐ und zeitaufgelöste Verfolgung katalytischer Reaktionen in nanoporösen Trägerkatalysatoren erstmals ermöglicht. Das Modellsystem besteht aus einem nanoporösen Glasmonolithen mit gasdichter Oberflächenversiegelung und ermöglicht die Aufzeichnung der Konzentrationsprofile von Cyclohexan und Cyclohexan/Benzol‐Gemischen als Funktion der Zeit.
Infinite Metal–Carboxylate Nanotube Constructed Metal–Organic Frameworks and Gas Sorption Properties
Authors: Lv Xiaoxia , Tang Sifu , Li Liangjun , Cai Jinjun , Wang Chao , Xu Xianrui , Zhao Xuebo
Published: August 2013

Two isomorphic microporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Co2L(H2O)2]·4.5H2O (1) and [Ni2L(H2O)2]·3.5H2O (2), were synthesized by the reaction of an aminopolycarboxylate ligand (H4L) with Co and Ni hydroxides under hydrothermal conditions. The exquisite assembly of the carboxylate, imino groups, and metal ions resulted in a 1D special nanotube that could be used as a blueprint for the construction of MOFs. By joining the nanotubes with the V‐shaped –CH2(C6H)(CH3)3CH2– spacer, a 3D framework with 1D triangular channels was formed. The two isostructural frameworks exhibited stability up to 350 °C. Gas sorption studies for N2, H2, CO2, and CH4 confirmed their permanent porosity.
Food‐grade bicontinuous microemulsions
Authors: Tchakalova Vera , Bailly Christine , Fieber Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Microemulsions stabilized by sucrose esters in combination with lecithin are interesting flavour delivery systems because they allow the solubilization of very high levels of oil into an aqueous phase with relatively small amounts of surfactants. The aim of this study was to investigate microemulsions stabilized by these surfactants in order to determine the microemulsion type and the solubilizing capacity of the structures. Based on these results a good control and easy handling of the delivery systems is feasible. Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that at some specific ratios between both surfactants the formation of bicontinuous microemulsions takes place. In such systems, between 20% and 60% of the oil phase can be solubilized. The solubilization of lecithin in the flavour oil and the insertion of this mixture into a system containing direct micelles of sucrose ester changes the curvature of structures and allows the continuous transition from direct oil/water to bicontinuous structures to inverse water/oil microemulsions. In such inverse microemulsions up to 80% of flavour oil can be solubilized. Our investigation demonstrates that the presence of lecithin leads to an increase of the flavour oil loading, decreasing significantly the total surfactant concentration. Therefore, lecithin can be used as a tuning parameter to control the different types of microemulsions without additional hydrotropes and they can be easily adapted to different industrial applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of local extension sites on survival in locally advanced maxillary sinus cancer
Authors: Kano Satoshi , Hayashi Ryuichi , Homma Akihiro , Matsuura Kazuto , Kato Kengo , Kawabata Kazuyoshi , Monden Nobuya , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Fujimoto Yasushi , Iwae Shigemichi , Okami Kenji , Matsuzuka Takashi , Yoshino Kunitoshi , Fujii Masato
Published: August 2013

Background

We analyzed the effects of local extension sites on survival in patients with locally advanced maxillary sinus cancer.

Methods

The criteria for inclusion in this study were as follows: (1) previously untreated maxillary sinus cancer; (2) squamous cell carcinoma; (3) T4 disease; and (4) curative‐intent treatment. The data for 118 patients were obtained from 28 institutions across Japan and analyzed for overall survival and local control rates by local extension site.

Results

Sites with a poor prognosis included the cribriform plate, dura, nasopharynx, middle cranial fossa, and cranial nerves other than V2. There was a significant correlation among these sites, except for the cranial nerves. Additionally, the hard palate was the only site that correlated with nodal involvement and showed a poor treatment outcome.

Conclusion

Even in cases presenting with similar T4 maxillary sinus cancer, treatment should be performed in consideration of the local extension site. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1567–1572, 2014
Experience of palliative care for patients with head and neck cancer through the eyes of next of kin: Impact of an Expert Center
Authors: Offerman Marinella P. J. , Pruyn Jean F. A. , de Boer Maarten F. , Ledeboer Quirine C. P. , van Busschbach Jan J. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann
Published: August 2013

Background

Literature is scarce on the palliative care experiences of patients with head and neck cancer. We report our experience in this patient population after the establishment of our Expert Center.

Methods

We administered a questionnaire to 40 surviving relatives of patients with head and neck cancer after the establishment of our Expert Center and compared the results to a similar group of patients with head and neck cancer before the establishment of our Expert Center.

Results

Since the establishment of our Expert Center, we found: an improved evaluation of the psychosocial support offered; better contact between head and neck surgeons, the patients, and families; and improvement in the quantity of information in the palliative phase. Some relatives, however, reported that patients received treatment against their wishes and life was not made as comfortable as possible.

Conclusion

Important aspects of palliative care, such as psychosocial support and contact between patient and surgeon, have been improved since the establishment of our Expert Center. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1459–1466, 2014
Evaluation of shoulder disability questionnaires used for the assessment of shoulder disability after neck dissection for head and neck cancer
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Ringash Jolie , Bissada Eric , Jaquet Yves , Irish Jonathan , Chepeha Douglas , Davis Aileen M.
Published: August 2013

Background

Several questionnaires have been used to evaluate shoulder disability after neck dissection. The purpose of this study was to review these measures and highlight their strengths and weaknesses.

Methods

A literature review was performed to identify measures of shoulder disability after head and neck cancer surgery. These measures were evaluated in terms of their methods of development and assessment of their psychometric properties.

Results

Seven questionnaires were identified. Several of the other questionnaires have been well developed but have not had their psychometric properties assessed in the head and neck cancer population. Each questionnaire has its strengths and weaknesses.

Conclusion

The strengths and weaknesses of the shoulder disability questionnaires should be considered when deciding which questionnaire to use. Efforts should be focused on using well‐designed questionnaires that have been assessed in this patient population rather than developing or using other questionnaires. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1453–1458, 2014
MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of a Dusty Fluid Over a Stretching Hollow Cylinder with a Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Rasekh A. , Ganji D.D. , Tavakoli S. , Ehsani H. , Naeejee S.
Published: August 2013

In this study, we deal with the problem of a steady two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a dusty fluid over a stretching hollow cylinder. Unlike the commonly employed thermal conditions of constant temperature or constant heat flux, the present study uses a convective heating boundary condition. The multi‐step differential transform method (multi‐step DTM), one of the most effective methods, is employed to find an approximate solution of the system of highly nonlinear differential equations governing the problem. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and the numerical method in solving this problem and excellent agreement has been observed. The influence of important parameters on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are presented and discussed in detail. The results show that both the thermal boundary layer thickness and the heat transfer rate at the wall increases with increasing Biot number Bi, while it has no effect on the skin friction coefficient. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(3): 221–232, 2014; Published online 30 August 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21073
Conversion of glucose to lactic acid derivatives with mesoporous Sn‐MCM‐41 and microporous titanosilicates
Authors: Murillo Beatriz , Sánchez Arantxa , Sebastián Víctor , Casado‐Coterillo Clara , de la Iglesia Oscar , López‐Ram‐ de‐Viu María P. , Téllez Carlos , Coronas Joaquín
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

The production of value‐added products from biomass has acquired increasing importance due to the high worldwide demand for chemicals and energy, uncertain petroleum availability and the necessity of finding environmentally friendly processes. This paper reports work on the synthesis of several catalysts for the conversion of glucose to methyl lactate.

RESULTS

A MCM‐41 type mesoporous material containing tin (Si/Sn = 55) was developed with a uniform ordered mesoporous structure, high specific surface area and high pore volume. Sn‐MCM‐41 was tested in three consecutive catalytic cycles to evaluate its reusability giving methyl lactate yields of 43%, 41% and 39%, in each cycle. The slightly reduction in activity could be explained by the reduction in the accessibility of active centers due to the adsorption of reaction products and structural changes. Microporous titanosilicates and MFI‐type zeolite ZSM‐5 showed a lower catalytic performance, but exfoliated materials gave higher yields of methyl lactate and pyruvaldehyde dimethyl acetal than their respective layered precursors.

CONCLUSIONS

Sn‐MCM‐41 material showed good results in the conversion of glucose to methyl lactate over three catalytic cycles and exfoliated materials facilitated the access of glucose to the catalytic sites and fast desorption of products. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling the effects of irrigation on land surface fluxes and states over the conterminous United States: Sensitivity to input data and model parameters
Authors: Leng Guoyong , Huang Maoyi , Tang Qiuhong , Sacks William J. , Lei Huimin , Leung L. Ruby
Published: August 2013

Previous studies on irrigation impacts on land surface fluxes/states were mainly conducted as sensitivity experiments, with limited analysis of uncertainties from the input data and model irrigation schemes used. In this study, we calibrated and evaluated the performance of irrigation water use simulated by the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) against observations from agriculture census. We investigated the impacts of irrigation on land surface fluxes and states over the conterminous United States (CONUS) and explored possible directions of improvement. Specifically, we found large uncertainty in the irrigation area data from two widely used sources and CLM4 tended to produce unrealistically large temporal variations of irrigation demand for applications at the water resources region scale over CONUS. At seasonal to interannual time scales, the effects of irrigation on surface energy partitioning appeared to be large and persistent, and more pronounced in dry than wet years. Even with model calibration to yield overall good agreement with the irrigation amounts from the National Agricultural Statistics Service, differences between the two irrigation area data sets still dominate the differences in the interannual variability of land surface responses to irrigation. Our results suggest that irrigation amount simulated by CLM4 can be improved by calibrating model parameter values and accurate representation of the spatial distribution and intensity of irrigated areas. Furthermore, through a set of numerical experiments, the deficiency in the current parameterization is evaluated and a critical path forward to a realistic assessment of irrigation impacts using an earth system modeling approach is recommended.