bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest Fire Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach for Chandoli National Park of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Lohar Shobha N , Panhalkar Sachin S , Patil Abhijit S
Published: June 2020

The forest fire management starts with identifying fire potential areas. This study suggests a new approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to map forest fire susceptibility of Chandoli National Park of Maharashtra. Influencing factors like past burnt area, Land Surface Temperature (LST), forest type, agriculture area, road network, and the vicinity of settlements taken into consideration. All variables assigned a weight based on their impact on the fire susceptibility. The final map categorized, ranging from very high to very low, into five fire susceptible regions. The result indicated that 12.99% (6506.89 ha) land area of the study region came in a very high susceptible region, while 18.70% (9361.10 ha) of high. The forest fire susceptibility map shows that 12.26%, 44.42%, 11.61% area comes under moderate, low, and very low- susceptible areas, respectively. Afterward, an accuracy assessment carried out with existing records of the forest fire. The mostly very high and high susceptible forest fire region comes where high road density, settlements and agriculture fields dominate. The result reveals that the anthropogenic factors and its activities in the forest region responsible for the frequent forest fire. The unification of remote sensing and the Analytical Hierarchy Process into GIS is beneficial to determining forested areas with high fire susceptibility and also to plan forest management after a forest fire.
SARS-CoV-2 induces a unique mitochondrial transcriptome signature
Authors: Miller Brendan , Silverstein Ana , Flores Melanie , Xiang Wang , Cao Kevin , Kumagai Hiroshi , Mehta Hemal H. , Yen Kelvin , Kim Su-Jeong , Cohen Pinchas
Published: June 2020

SARS-CoV-2 has challenged global healthcare systems in part because its clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. Variable symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 could be attributed to the virus’ ability to mildly induce an innate immune response, as prior transcriptomic data has suggested. Mitochondrial dynamics might partially mediate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on innate immunity. Many proteins encoded by SARS-CoV have been shown to localize to mitochondria and inhibit Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein (MAVS). We analyzed multiple publicly available RNASeq data in order to unravel the metabolic and mitochondrial transcriptome signature of SARS-CoV-2 in primary cells, cell lines, and clinical samples (i.e., BALF and lung). We report here that SARS-CoV-2 does not dramatically regulate (1) mitochondrial-gene expression or (2) MAVS expression, but (3) downregulates nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (NEM) genes related to cellular respiration and Complex 1 assembly. We also report cell-specific and tissue-specific effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the mitochondrial-encoded and NEM transcriptome that could inform future experimental paradigm selection.
Preventive Factors of Postpartum Depression in Adult Mothers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mahmalat Nura , Ostermann Thomas , Fetz Katharina
Published: June 2020

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is defined as major depressive disorder with peripartum onset. It is the most common mental illness that occurs after childbirth, affecting not only mother but also newborn. Considering the great impact PPD has, it is relevant to investigate the effectiveness of preventive interventions.Objective: This review investigates published literature of the last decade (2009-2019) regarding the topic of preventive factors of PPD in adult mothers.Methods: An electronic search was conducted by using PubMed, psycINFO and Google Scholar. The search term included a combination of postpartum depression, postnatal depression, predictor, prevention and risk factor. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in English or German language that deal with 2) adult pregnant or adult mothers (>18 years). Extraction of articles by two independent raters using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.Results: The electronic search resulted in a total of 905 articles, whereby only 22 articles were relevant for this synthesis. The interventions were divided into five major topics, these being psychological, psychosocial, nutritional, medical, and exercise interventions. Significant preventive effects concerning PPD in adult mothers were found in psychological and psychosocial interventions. Nutritional, medical and exercise interventions did not have a significant preventive impact.Conclusion: Psychological and psychosocial interventions seem to be effective in the prevention of PPD. Consequently, preventive programs should include such components. Implications for future research might include the comparison of already existing prevention programs for PPD and the observation of their long-term effects.
Offspring Development Conditioning (ODC): A Universal Trend in Evolution of Higher Organisms’ Reproduction
Authors: Fu Qiang , Liu Jianni , Wang Xin
Published: June 2020

All organisms evolve, according to Darwin. The question is how? Is there any general pattern or trend in the organisms’ evolution? These are rarely asked – and almost never answered – questions. This situation makes the evolution frustrating and mysterious to many. Here, after surveying the reproductive modes in most animals and plants, we propose that all (at least most) of higher organisms demonstrate the similar trend underlying their reproductive evolution, namely, Offspring Development Conditioning (ODC). Such a pattern makes the origin and evolution of reproductive organs in both animals and plants rational and understandable. To the best of our knowledge, this pattern appears universal, although we encourage future authors to identify exceptions. We hope this will help frame the evolution of higher animals and plants, and make the latter understandable to the public.
Collateral impact of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) for onchocerciasis on parasitological indicators of Loa loa infection
Authors: Djeunga Hugues C Nana , Lenou-Nanga Cédric G , Donfo-Azafack Cyrille , Djune-Yemeli Linda , Fossuo-Thotchum Floribert , Domche André , Litchou-Tchuinang Arsel V , Bopda Jean G , Nkoa Thérèse , Kamgno Joseph
Published: June 2020

Background

Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad spectrum endectocide whose initial indication was onchocerciasis. IVM-based preventive chemotherapies (PC), so-called Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI), have led to the interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in some foci. Although loiasis is not among its indications, IVM also exhibits antiparasitic activity against Loa loa. Because of the geographic overlap of onchocerciasis and loiasis in Central Africa, one would have expected similar trend for loiasis in co-endemic settings. Surprisingly, a recent study revealed that L. loa entomological indices remained almost unchanged after 13 years of CDTI to fight onchocerciasis. This study then aimed to assess whether parasitological indicators of L. loa infection follow the same trends than the previously described entomological indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of the Yabassi Health District where CDTI have been implemented since ~ 20 years to fight onchocerciasis. All volunteers aged ≥ 5 years underwent daytime calibrated thick blood smears to search for L. loa microfilariae (mf), then prevalence and intensity of infection were compared to baseline data.
Results

A total of 376 individuals (55.9% female), aged 5 to 89 years old, were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of loiasis was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2–6.2), significantly lower than its baseline (12.4%; 95% CI: 10.1–15.2) (Chi-Square = 21.4; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the microfilarial density was significantly low (Mean = 1.8 mf/mL; SD = 13.6; max = 73,600) compared to baseline (Mean = 839.3 mf/mL; SD = 6447.1; max = 130,840) (Wilcoxon W = 179904.5; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions

This study revealed that the prevalence and intensity of L. loa infection were significantly low compared to their baselines, indicating a significant impact of IVM-based PC on this filarial disease. However, transmission is still ongoing, and heavily infected individuals are still found in communities, supporting why some individuals are still experiencing severe adverse events despite > 2 decades of CDTI in this Health District.
Is health needs of chronic disease patients addressed during COVID-19 lockdown in India? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Paul Aby , Joby Joel , Saijan Sanjo , James Jude , Sebastian Stelvin , John Basil , Antony Edwin , Kunjumon Jobin
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by World health organisation (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020. India was one among the countries in the world to declare the longest lock down across the nation in order to resist the spread of COVID-19. It was a challenge to assess the medical care of chronic disease patients during these lock down days.MethodologyWe adopted a cross sectional survey design to assess the health conditions and perceptions of patients with cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities and those with autoimmune rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 lock down daysResults and DiscussionA total of 310 patients completed the survey during this time period. Among these 310 responders, 299 completed the survey. We had 157(52.50%) patients with cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities and 142(47.49%) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The mean age of patients in cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities group was found to be 59.19±16.34 and those in autoimmune rheumatic diseases was 47.05±13.30. The predominant distribution of female gender for cardiovascular metabolic co-morbidities (57.32%) group and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (72.53%) is in accordance all the previous studies in this field.. The women are found to react more negatively in terms of to the same traumatic stress when compared with menConclusionIn conclusion there is strong need for health policy reformations in the field of the chronic diseases health care management to equip the preparedness in order respond adequately to such medical emergencies including natural disaster
Lapine CD133+CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells for musculoskeletal research in preclinical animal trials
Authors: Chopra Hitesh , Han Yuanyuan , Zhang Chengfei , Pow Edmond Ho Nang
Published: June 2020

BackgroundValidated animal models form the cornerstone of in vivo clinical trials. Rabbits, for instance, have been widely used in musculoskeletal research, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) obtained from their peripheral blood (PB). Further, there is an ambiguity regarding the origin of EPCs in blood. The present study aimed to isolate and compare rabbit EPCs with human EPCs and explore the origin of EPCs in PB. MethodsMononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from the PB of rabbits and humans by density centrifugation. Different parameters, such as seeding density, type of medium, and technique (Depletion v/s Hills technique) were standardized for the emergence of EPCs. Homogenous rEPCs and hEPCs were isolated by double sorting with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using CD34CD133 or CD34VEGFR-2 antibody. Expanded CD34+CD133+ EPCs from both rabbits and humans were compared using growth curve, acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake, lectin binding, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), tubulogenic assay, and NO production. ResultsInitial seeding density of MNCs at 1 ́106 cells/cm2 with EGM-2MV supplemented with 5% FBS using depletion technique (40% as compared to 20% by Hill's technique) was found to be optimal for culturing EPCs. Further, depletion technique yielded cobblestone EPCs in 28% of rabbit samples as compared to 40% of human blood specimens in three different patterns blood-island like cell culture (central lEPCs and peripheral early EPCs), biphasic EPCs (early EPCs and late EPCs), and de novo EPCs (late EPCs only). Homogenous rEPCs and hEPCs were sorted using CD34+CD133+ and CD34+VEGFR-2+ antibody. Further, with FACS analysis, rCD34+CD133+EPCs were found to be one third (3%) as compared to human CD34+CD133+EPCs (12%). These CD34+CD133+ rEPCs/hEPCs were double-positive for acLDL uptake, ULEX binding, CD34, CD309, and CD31; whereas negative for CD133, CD14 and CD45. Also, EPCs from both species demonstrated functional characterization. ConclusionsrCD34+CD133+EPCs in general, were mostly similar to human CD34+CD133+EPCs in proliferative potential, functional characterization, and phenotypic identity. However, the rEPCs appeared to be larger, expressed higher phenotype expression, higher NO production, and had a significantly thicker junctional area, tube thickness, and longer tubule length (P<0.05).
Epitope-based Immunoinformatics Approach on Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2
Authors: Rakib Ahmed , Sami Saad Ahmed , Islam Md. Ashiqul , Ahmed Shahriar , Faiz Farhana Binta , Khanam Bibi Humayra , Marma Kay Kay Shain , Rahman Maksuda , Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Emran Talha Bin , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: June 2020

With an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridae family, which is transmitted from animal to human and because of being contagious, further it transmitted human to human. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) as a global pandemic. But, no specific medications are available for the treatment of COVID-19 so far. As a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progression of the disease. Lately, it has been documented that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral replication as well as interferes with host immune responses. We have comparatively analyzed the sequences of N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the identification of core attributes and analyzed the ancestry through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we have predicted the most immunogenic epitope for T-cell as well as B-cell. Importantly, our investigation mainly focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I potential peptides and NTASWFTAL interacted with most human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that are encoded by MHC class I molecules. Further, molecular docking analysis unveiled that NTASWFTAL possessed a greater affinity towards HLA and also available in a greater range of the population. Our study provides a consolidated base for vaccine design and we hope that this computational analysis will pave the way for designing novel vaccine candidates.
Hybrid Dynamic Pharmacophore Models as Effective Tools to Identify Novel Chemotypes for Anti-tb Inhibitor Design: a Case Study With Mtb-dapb
Authors: Choudhury Chinmayee , Bhardwaj Anshu
Published: June 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global public health threats as it compromises the successful treatment of deadly infectious diseases like tuberculosis. New therapeutics are constantly needed but it takes a long time and is expensive to explore new biochemical space. One way to address this issue is to repurpose the validated targets and identify novel chemotypes that can simultaneously bind to multiple binding pockets of these targets as a new lead generation strategy. This study reports such a strategy, dynamic hybrid pharmacophore model (DHPM), which represents the combined interaction features of different binding pockets contrary to the conventional approaches, where pharmacophore models are generated from single binding sites. We have considered Mtb-DapB, a validated mycobacterial drug target, as our model system to explore the effectiveness of DHPMs to screen novel unexplored compounds. Mtb-DapB has a cofactor binding site (CBS) and an adjacent substrate binding site (SBS). Four different model systems of Mtb-DapB were designed where, either NADPH/NADH occupies CBS in presence/absence of an inhibitor 2, 6-PDC in the adjacent SBS. Two more model systems were designed, where 2, 6-PDC was linked to NADPH and NADH to form hybrid molecules. The six model systems were subjected to 200ns molecular dynamics simulations and trajectories were analysed to identify stable ligand-receptor interaction features. Based on these interactions, Conventional pharmacophore models (CPM) were generated from the individual binding sites while DHPMs were created from hybrid-molecules occupying both binding sites. A huge library of 15, 63,764 publically available molecules were screened by CPMs and DHPMs. The screened hits obtained from both types of models were compared based on their Hashed binary molecular fingerprints and 4 point pharmacophore fingerprints using Tanimoto, Cosine, Dice and Tversky similarity matrices. Molecules screened by DHPM exhibited significant structural diversity, better binding strength and drug like properties as compared to the compounds screened by CPMs and the reported anti-mycobacterial molecules indicating the efficiency of DHPM to explore new chemical space for anti-TB drug discovery. The idea of DHPM can be applied for a wide range of mycobacterial or other pathogen targets to venture into unexplored chemical space.
Study on the thermal kinetics of anthracite oxidation induced by water and associated pyrite
Authors: Wang Caiping , Duan Xiadan , Bai Zujin , Xiao Yang , Deng Jun
Published: June 2020

Pyrite and water in coal have considerable influence on coal spontaneous combustion and threaten the safety of mine production gravely. To reveal the influence mechanism of water and associated pyrite on oxidation kinetics of coal–oxygen composite reaction, the pyrite of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and the moisture of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were mixed with the coal samples to obtain 25 coal samples. Thermogravimetric analysis technology was conducted to explore the changes of mass and characteristic temperatures of coal samples treated with water and associated pyrite during the low–temperature oxidation, and kinetic analysis of the oxidation process was discussed based on multiple heating rates(5 °C/min, 10 °C/min and15 °C/min).The results show that water and associated pyrite had a great influence on coal in oxygen absorption and weight gain stage ( T 3 ~ T 5 ), and there was a proportion range with the largest synergistic oxidation contribution. The apparent activation energy of the coal sample appeared changes, but the mechanism model did not, indicating that water and pyrite could affect the oxidation process of the coal sample externally. When water and associated pyrite exhibit synergistic interaction, there have a range that water was 10~15% and associate pyrite was 2~4% had the largest promotion and contribution to anthracite oxidation. The results have important scientific value and practical guiding significance for the further study on prediction, prevention and control of high sulfur anthracite spontaneous combustion.
A qualitative study of stakeholder views on the effects of a sugar-sweetened beverages tax on the budgets, dietary intake, and health of lower and higher socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne , Eykelenboom Michelle , Poelman Maartje , Stralen Maartje van , Renders Carry , Olthof Margreet , Steenhuis Ingrid , Kamphuis Carlijn
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThere are socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity in many European countries. The introduction of a sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tax may contribute to a reduction of these inequalities. However, little is known about the views of various stakeholder groups, involved in the decision-making process of implementing an SSB tax, on the potentially different effects of an SSB tax on lower and higher socioeconomic groups. This study aims to gain insight into the perceptions of stakeholder groups in the Netherlands on (1) the effects of an SSB tax on the budgets of lower and higher socioeconomic groups and (2) the impact of an SSB tax on socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake and health.MethodsA qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted between March and May 2019 with 27 participants from various stakeholder groups (i.e. health and consumer organizations, health professional associations, trade associations, science, advisory bodies, ministries and parliamentary parties) in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach.ResultsParticipants, from all stakeholder groups, indicated that an SSB tax would have a larger impact on the budgets of lower socioeconomic groups. Participants, from all stakeholder groups (except trade associations), mentioned an SSB tax could have greater health benefits among lower socioeconomic groups as they often have a higher SSB consumption and are more likely to be overweight or obese. Some participants (from science, a health and consumer organization, and a health professional association) mentioned that an SSB tax may have no or adverse health effects among lower socioeconomic groups (e.g. compensation of lower SSB consumption with other unhealthy behaviours). Some participants (from science and a health and consumer organization) emphasised an SSB tax should only be introduced when accompanied by other interventions (e.g. educational efforts, offering healthy alternatives), to make it easier for lower socioeconomic groups to lower their SSB consumption in response to an SSB tax, and to prevent adverse health effects.ConclusionsParticipants believed an SSB tax could contribute to a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake and health. However, additional interventions facilitating the reduction of SSB consumption in lower socioeconomic groups were recommended.
Acanthamoeba keratitis - Camouflage entity in Nepal
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar , Ambur Karthik , Poudyal Prija , Malla Sagun , Rajbanshi Amit
Published: June 2020

Background

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight threatening corneal infection and is a growing clinical problem in developing countries as well as developed countries. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a local infection of the eye and does not produce systemic illness. Proper diagnostic techniques and appropriate medical management are necessary for good prognosis.

Findings

We report a series of six cases of acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosed and managed at Biratnagar Eye Hospital in the year 2019. The patients age ranges from 28-58 years, with four males and two females. The mean duration of presentation to hospital was 19 days. Four patients had trauma with vegetative matter. All patients had redness, photophobia, decreased vision, pain among which only two had pain out of proportion. One patient had visual acquity of 2/60 whereas the rest had hand movement to perception of light at time of presentation. Ring infiltrate was noted in all the cases. Five patients had ulcer in central and paracentral regions, four had ulcer larger than 6mm and three showed presence of hypopyon. KOH stained smears revealed acanthamoeba cyst in all cases while Gram stain was positive in only one case. Non-nutrient agar overladen with Escherichia coli revealed feeding tracks in four cases and polymerase chain reaction revealed T4 genotype acanthamoeba in four cases. Amoebicidal treatment was started with Chlorhexidine 0.02% eye drop half hourly. Other drugs Natamicin 5% eye drop half hourly, Fluconazole 0.3% eye drop half hourly and antibiotic Moxifloxacin 0.5% eye drop half hourly were also used simultaneously. Pain was reduced in all patients. After treatment, only one patient had BCVA of 6/9 while others had visual outcome of hand movement.

Conclusions

Acanthamoeba keratitis can be severe and vision-threatening. Centrally located ulcer, size of the ulcer > 6mm and visual acuity Hand Movement/Perception of light at the time of presentation were associated with poor outcome. Clinically suspected lesions associated with microbiological assessment help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Prevalence, predictors, and mortality of bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with malignancy: systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhouqi , Zhuang Hemu , Wang Guannan , Wang Hui , Dong Ying
Published: June 2020

Background: This systemic review was performed to estimate the global methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence among bacteremia in patients with malignancy, and further study the predictors and mortality of cancer patients with MRSA bacteremia. Methods: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published from Jan. 2000 to Mar. 2020. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of MRSA with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results: The pooled prevalence of MRSA was 3% (95% CI 2–5%) among all bloodstream infections (BSIs) and 44% (95% CI 32–57%) among S. aureus bacteremia in cancer patients. Based on geographical stratification, the pooled prevalence was 5% in Africa (95% CI 1–14%), 1% in Americas (95% CI 1–2%), 2% in Europe (95% CI 1–4%), 4% in Western Pacific (95% CI 2–7%), 8% in South-east Asia (95% CI 4–14%) and 0% in Eastern Mediterranean (95% CI 0–3%). No significant temporal change in MRSA rates was detected in this analysis (R2 = 0.06; P=0.24). Predictors for MRSA BSIs among cancer patients were identified by comparison with their methicillin-susceptible counterparts, and they were mainly related to healthcare-associated infections and immunosuppression. Finally, the 60-day mortality in adult cancer patients with MRSA BSIs was reported to be 12%, and the 6-month overall mortality was 43.2%, with community-onset infection, secondary BSI, and vancomycin MIC≥2g/mL being the risk factors for mortality.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of MRSA BSIs among cancer patients is relatively low, it did not decline over time as MRSA BSIs in the general hospital population and the high mortality rate was related to MRSA BSIs in patients with malignancy.
New Insights Into the Control of Visible Gold Fineness and Deposition: A Case Study of the Sanshandao Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, China
Authors: Peng Hong-Wei , Fan Hong-Rui , Liu Xuan , Wen Bo-Jie , Zhang Yong-Wen , Feng Kai
Published: June 2020

Mineralogical distribution, textures, electron probe microanalysis of visible gold, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) trace element analysis of pyrite, and LA-multicollector (MC-)ICP-MS sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals are examined in an ore zone extending obliquely to –4 km depth in the Sanshandao gold deposit Jiaodong, China. We relate these results to the temporal and spatial ore-forming processes in the deposit to further elucidate the controls on the deposition of visible Au and fineness variation.

Two generations of Au mineralization are identified. The early generation is represented by beresitization and quartz-pyrite veins in which visible Au grains are associated with pyrite (Py1 and Py2) and are characterized by high fineness [729–961; fineness = 1000×Au/(Au+Ag)]. Py1 and Py2 are both enriched in Co, Ni, and Bi and depleted in As and Au. Texturally, gold and pyrite are pristine crystals, homogeneous in composition. These features are attributed to the sulfidation of the granitic wallrock (fluid/rock interaction) that effectively destabilizes Au in the ore-forming fluids during pyrite deposition. Fineness decreases continuously from 870 at –2650 m depth to 752 at –420 m depth. The Co and Ni contents of Py1 and Py2 decrease significantly from –4000 m to –420 m depth, whereas the As contents increase. The mean δ34S values of Py1 increase from 10.5 to 11.8‰. The spatial variations are interpreted to be related to gradual cooling, decompression, and an enhanced degree of fluid/rock interaction with decreasing depth, which facilitated the initiation of visible gold mineralization at ca. –2700 m depth.

The late generation of Au mineralization is represented by quartz-polysulfide veins in which visible Au grains are associated with multiple sulfide minerals (Py3, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite). It is characterized by low fineness (549–719), and heterogeneous textures with Ag-rich parts (218–421). Py3, occurring as the rim of pyrite grain, is interpreted to form by replacement via a dissolution-reprecipitation reaction. Py3 is distinctly enriched in As (median of 10 000 ppm) and Au (2.2 ppm), but depleted in Co, Ni, and Bi. The δ34S values of the polysulfide minerals decrease sharply by 4 to 5‰ at depths from –1909 to –1450 m. These features are interpreted to be generated by significant decompression and phase separation of fluid, where most ore elements (e.g., Au, Ag, As, and base metal elements) are destabilized. Our study suggests that remobilization did not affect the generation of visible Au mineralization at Sanshandao.
Origin, properties, and structure of breyite: The second most abundant mineral inclusion in super-deep diamonds
Authors: Brenker Frank E. , Nestola Fabrizio , Brenker Lion , Peruzzo Luca , Harris Jeffrey W.
Published: June 2020

Earth's lower mantle most likely mainly consists of ferropericlase, bridgmanite, and a CaSiO3- phase in the perovskite structure. If separately trapped in diamonds, these phases can be transported to Earth's surface without reacting with the surrounding mantle. Although all inclusions will remain chemically pristine, only ferropericlase will stay in its original crystal structure, whereas in almost all cases bridgmanite and CaSiO3-perovskite will transform to their lower-pressure polymorphs. In the case of perovskite structured CaSiO3, the new structure that is formed is closely related to that of walstromite. This mineral is now approved by the IMA commission on new minerals and named breyite. The crystal structure is triclinic (space group: P1) with lattice parameters a0 = 6.6970(4) Å, b0 = 9.2986(7) Å, c0 = 6.6501(4) Å, α = 83.458(6)°, β = 76.226(6)°, γ = 69.581(7)°, and V = 376.72(4) Å. The major element composition found for the studied breyite is Ca3.01(2)Si2.98(2)O9. Breyite is the second most abundant mineral inclusion after ferropericlase in diamonds of super-deep origin. The occurrence of breyite has been widely presumed to be a strong indication of lower mantle (=670 km depth) or at least lower transition zone (=520 km depth) origin of both the host diamond and the inclusion suite.

In this work, we demonstrate through different formation scenarios that the finding of breyite alone in a diamond is not a reliable indicator of the formation depth in the transition zone or in the lower mantle and that accompanying paragenetic phases such as ferropericlase together with MgSiO3 are needed.
Inherited Eocene magmatic tourmaline captured by the Miocene Himalayan leucogranites
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Hollings Pete , Jourdan Fred , Zeng Yunchuan , Chen Huayong
Published: June 2020

The Miocene Cuonadong leucogranites in the easternmost section of the Tethyan Himalaya, Southern Tibet, are characterized by two types of tourmaline. Tourmaline occurs as needle-like crystals in the two-mica ± tourmaline granites (Tur G) and large patches in the pegmatites (Tur P). Both the granite and the pegmatites yield Miocene ages (ca. 20 Ma) based on monazite U(-Th)-Pb dating, whereas 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the coarse-grained tourmalines (Tur P) crosscut by pegmatite veins yielded an Eocene mini-plateau age of 43 ± 6 Ma. Major element concentrations of tourmaline indicate that both Tur P and Tur G belong to the schorl group with a magmatic origin, but trace elements such as V indicate that they are not cogenetic. Boron isotopes suggest that Tur P (average –9.76‰) was derived from typical crustal sources, whereas Tur G (average –7.65‰) contains relatively more mafic input. The capture of Eocene tourmaline by the Miocene leucogranites at Cuonadong suggests that the crustally derived Eocene magmatism may have occurred in the southern Tethyan Himalaya. Identification of the inherited magmatic tourmaline (Tur P), although not common, challenges the current application of tourmaline chemistry to the investigation of magmatic-hydrothermal systems.
A GASTRONOMIA CEARENSE COMO FOMENTO AO TURISMO EM FORTALEZA: A VISÃO DOS GESTORES DE A&B DOS HOTÉIS MIDSCALE
Authors: Neto Amaury Gurgel , Coelho Susana Dantas , De Oliveira Carlos Glaubênio Cavalcante , Lima Anna Érika Ferreira
Published: June 2020

Este estudo buscou analisar a estruturação dos cardápios de três hotéis midscale em Fortaleza-CE na visão dos gestores de alimentos e bebidas (A&B) destes espaços, no que se refere a inserção da culinária local. Para tanto, foi necessário averiguar se os pratos típicos estão sendo atraentes para os clientes e por fim, analisar a apresentação dos mesmos e sua caracterização. Optou-se pelo método dedutivo, de cunho qualitativo e caráter exploratório. Baseou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário aplicado aos gestores de A&B desses estabelecimentos, entre os meses de dezembro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. Como resultado da pesquisa, percebeu-se que embora saibamos da importância da divulgação da cultura cearense como atrativo turístico, ou seja, como fomento ao turismo, os gestores de A&B ainda não estão considerando essa temática relevante, uma vez que os cardápios são planejados fazendo pouca ou nenhuma referência aos pratos típicos do Ceará.   Palavras chaves: Culinária Cearense. Hotelaria. Turismo.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE EQUAÇÕES DIFERENCIAIS ORDINÁRIAS NA SIMULAÇÃO DO TEOR DE CARBONO ORGÂNICO EM ARGISSOLO SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MANEJO
Authors: Vinciguerra Taiana , Di Domenico Camila Nicola Boeri , Anderloni Natália
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo estimar o teor de carbono orgânico em função da profundidade no solo Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Analisou-se diferentes profundidades por meio da Equação Diferencial de Primeira Ordem. Através do estudo realizado, foi identificado um decaimento considerável do teor de Carbono Orgânico Total em função da profundidade, tendo semelhança entre os dados do carbono real para os dados obtidos na equação. Sendo assim, a maior quantidade de carbono armazenada no solo é encontrada nas camadas mais superficiais, diminuindo gradativamente conforme a profundidade. Os resultados obtidos nas estimativas para os manejos de Floresta Nativa (FN), Plantio Direto (PD), Arado de Disco (AD), Arado de Disco e Grade Pesada (AD+PD), Grade Pesada (GP) foram, respectivamente, 0,0788; 0,0072; 0,0123; 0,0097 e 0,0072.
BIOTECNOLOGIA SOB O ENFOQUE CTS: CONCEPÇÕES DE LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS
Authors: Corrêa Raquel da Silva , Galieta Tatiana
Published: June 2020

Nesta pesquisa são investigadas as concepções sobre Biotecnologia de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade pública fluminense tendo como base o enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS). Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário que foi respondido por 137 estudantes e analisados a partir de uma abordagem quantiqualitativa. Os resultados apontam que os licenciandos reconhecem nas disciplinas do núcleo pedagógico o principal espaço de discussão de temas relacionados à Biotecnologia sob o enfoque CTS. Ademais, quase a metade desses graduandos apresentou uma visão reducionista sobre os processos em Biotecnologia, reconhecendo apenas melhorias na qualidade de vida da sociedade em detrimento dos riscos oferecidos. Defendemos que discussões de temas de Biotecnologia em uma perspectiva CTS devem ser focadas também em disciplinas do núcleo biológico na formação inicial dos professores de Ciências Biológicas, a fim de formar profissionais capazes de contextualizar as relações CTS no cotidiano junto aos seus futuros alunos da Educação Básica.
OS DESAFIOS DO PRONATEC NO IFCE - CAMPUS ARACATI: UMA VISÃO GERAL.
Authors: PEREIRA MARINHO JARINA MARA
Published: June 2020

O trabalho enviado visa mostrar o desempenho do PRONATEC no Campus Aracati,através de gráficos onde fizemos uma demonstração dos números por sexo, faixa etária e renda, além de números finais e parciais de concluídos e matriculados do programa em estudo.
Borçalı’da Bir Söz Ustası: Aslan Kosalı ve Şiirleri
Authors: GÜNEŞ Bahadır
Published: June 2020

Karapapak / Terekeme Türkleri bugün genel olarak Türkiye, Gürcistan, Azerbaycan, İran ve Ermenistan’da yaşamaktadırlar. Gürcistan sınırları içinde yer alan kadim Türk yurdu Borçalı, Karapapak / Terekeme Türklerinin yoğun olarak yaşadığı eski Türk topraklarının başında gelmektedir. Tarihî Borçalı coğrafyasının eski yerleşim birimlerinden biri olan ve bugün Gardabani adıyla anılan Karayazı, Borçalı içinde ve Karapapak / Terekeme Türklerinin yoğun bir şekilde yaşadığı bölgelerden biridir. Karapapak / Terekeme Türklerinin hâkim nüfusu oluşturduğu Karayazı bölgesine bağlı çok sayıda Türk köyü mevcuttur. Bu köylerden biri de çalışmaya konu olan söz ustası Aslan Kosalı’nın doğup büyüdüğü ve yaşadığı Kosalı köyüdür. Aslan Kosalı’nın adı, Karayazı bölgesine bağlı “Kosalı” köyünden gelmektedir. Âşık Aslan da bu köyden olduğu için “Aslan Kosalı” ismi ile anılmaktadır. Kosalı köyü, Karayazı merkezinin 5 km doğusunda, bölge merkezine giden ana yolun kenarında yer alan 290 rakımlı bir yerdir. Kadim Türk yurdu Borçalı’nın hemen bütün bölgelerinde olduğu gibi Karayazı bölgesine bağlı Kosalı köyünde de âşıklık sanatı ve söze dayalı hünerler öne çıkmaktadır. Bu durum, genelde Borçalı; özelde ise Kosalı köyü temelinde çok sayıda âşığın, söz ustasının yetişmesini sağlamıştır. Kosalı’da yetişen; ancak adını Karayazı’da, Borçalı’nın genelinde ve Türk Dünyası’nda duyuran isimlerden biri de Aslan Kosalı’dır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Borçalı’nın söz ustalarından Aslan Kosalı’yı hayatı ve şiirleri ekseninde Türkiye sahasında tanıtmaktır. Bu maksatla Aslan Kosalı’nın kısa özgeçmişi ve bazı örnekler yardımıyla şiirlerinin şekil, içerik ve üslup özellikleri belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan şiirler Vahid Ömerli tarafından hazırlanan Aşıq Aslanın Ozan Dünyası (2009) adlı eserden alınmıştır.
Clash of Past and Present: Production of Historical and Representational Spaces in Oscar Wilde’s Poetry
Authors: ÇAKAR Emre
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the function of space and how it is depicted in Oscar Wilde's (1854-1900) selected poems. Wilde is one of the important literary and cultural figures of the Victorian era. He criticized the traditional moral codes and values of the Victorian era in which he was born and rejected many Victorian poetic aspects. Wilde used characters and places of ancient Greek mythology in his poems and developed a poetic sensitivity that focused on the real places and characters of the city. The brothel, the prison and the streets of London are some of the places that he used in his poems. Within this framework, it can be said that Wilde is one of the leading poets who shaped the fin de siècle poetry. In this study, French thinker Henri Lefebvre’s (1901-1991) theory of space is applied to discuss the function of space in Wilde’s poetry. Lefebvre's book The Production of Space, published in 1974, was influential in the second half of the twentieth century as it examined the historical development of the concept of space and evaluated it politically. The analysis of the poems from Lefebvre’s perspective will reveal Wilde's use of space in relation to the conflict between past and present, and the attitude of the individual who wants to escape from society.
Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Öykülerinde Diyalektik İmge
Authors: SOYLU Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

Diyalektik imge, edebi metnin özgül estetik doğasını ve anlatı karakteristiğini belirleyen ve biçimlendiren önemli bir kurgusal yapı taşıdır. Üretici olarak yazarın bilinci, imge ve gerçeklik arasında kurmaca bir dolayım sağlar. Bu kurmaca dolayım ile birlikte gerçeklik biçimleri, yazar tarafından imgeler aracılığıyla dönüşüme uğratılır. Dönüşüm süreci, kurgusal yapı içerisinde kendini gösterir. Bir edebi metnin anlatı karakteristiğini, kendine has tikelliğini belirleyen diyalektik imgeler, bu dönüşüm süreci ile ön plana çıkarılır. Diyalektik imgeler, edebi metin içerisinde ideolojiden ve yazarın niyetinden muaf yapılar değildirler. Bu anlamda edebi metinlerin, muhtelif yönelimlerini ve merkezi noktalarını saptayan kurgusal bir araç olma özelliğine sahiptirler. Adalet Ağaoğlu Türk edebiyatında toplumsal gerçekliği ve ideolojik içerikleri, estetik bir dikkatle dönüştüren ve yeniden biçimlendiren önemli yazarlardandır. Ağaoğlu’nun öykü kitapları, estetik ve ideolojinin paylaşımlı ilişkisinin metinsel bir yapıda tezahür ettiği önemli türsel oluşumlardır. Ağaoğlu’nun öykülerinde yer alan diyalektik imgeler hem estetik hem de ideolojik bir ileti biçiminde ortaya çıkarlar. Öykülerin kendine özgü kurgusal ilişkileriyle yapısal bir bütünlük oluştururlar. Çeşitli olayörgüsel çizgilerle tezatlı veya uyumlu bir görünüm elde ederler. Ağaoğlu böylelikle, metinsel bir yapı içerisinde estetik ve ideoloji arasında imgesel bir bütünlük oluşturur. Kendine özgü bir edebi duyum ve algı alanı yaratır. Bu çalışmada Ağaoğlu’nun öyküleri, estetik ve ideolojik yapıları dikkate alınarak diyalektik imge bağlamında incelenecektir.
The Sounds of Horseshoe a Zoopoetic Reading of Yılkı Atı by Abbas Sayar
Authors: AKYOL Özlem
Published: June 2020

The new perception influenced by the cultural and linguistic turns of the late 20th century requires a less anthropocentric vision for the 21st century. By extension, an increasing scholarly interest in the relation between humans and nonhuman animals and the agentive role of the latter result in the emergence of “zoopoetics.” The theory includes literature to explore different nonhuman agentive forms by analysing how literary texts reproduce animals’ modes of being and reveals that poetic creation is not only sustained through human affair but animals also take an active part in making and shaping poetry. As Aaron Moe indicates “[N]onhuman animals (zoion) are makers (poiesis), and they have agency in that making” (2013, p. 2). A zoopoetic reading of literary texts which focuses on the nonhumans’ creative modes not only shows how nonhuman animals function in conducting the lives of other characters and the very substance of narrative but also forms a basis for the manifestation of the ethical and social dimension of such texts. In this sense, Abbas Sayar, in Yılkı Atı (1970) positions a horse in the centre of the narrative by making it truly an agentive form in a way that the horse’s attitude affects other characters’ lives and the overall formation of the text and, more importantly, makes the reader ponder about the proximity between humans and nonhuman animals as well as socioeconomic issues of 1970s’ Central Anatolia. In this article, then, Yılkı Atı will be explored under the light of zoopoetic theories.
Matbu Bir Remilnâme Örneği
Authors: BAHADIR Savaşkan Cem
Published: June 2020

Sözlükte “kumlu arazi” anlamına gelen reml (ﻣﻞ ﺮ) kelimesi terim olarak “kaybolan bir şeyin yerini bulmak, merak edilen bir işin sonucunu öğrenmek amacıyla kum üzerine çizilen çizgilerle fal bakmak” demektir. Araplar arasında yaygın bir fal çeşidi olan remil zamanla diğer kültürlere de geçmiştir. Daha sonraki dönemlerde bu fal için kum yerine kâğıt veya tahta kullanılmaya başlandığı halde falın adı değişmemiştir. Türkçede ise remil; “remil atmak” / “remil dökmek” ifadeleriyle karşılanmaktadır. Remilnâmeler bir tür olarak edebiyatımızda ve kütüphanelerimizde kendine yer bulmuştur. Hazırlanan çalışmada fal, remil ve bu kavramların tarihi süreci hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiştir. Bu kısa girişin ardından Bayerische Staats Bibliothek (Bavyera Devlet Kütüphanesi) A.or 6072 numarada kayıtlı, 1840 tarihli Remilnâme isimli matbu eserin tavsifi yapılmış ve eserin metni ilim âlemine sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenenlerin Bağdaşıklık Araçlarını Kullanma Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERCAN GÜVEN Aliye Nur , AKPINAR Şerife
Published: June 2020

Bağdaşıklık, metnin yüzey yapısıyla ilgili olup dil bilgisel unsurlarla kendini gösteren bir metinsellik ölçütüdür. Çalışmanın genel amacı; yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenenlerin, yazılı anlatımlarında bağdaşıklık araçlarını kullanma düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada ayrıca, öğrencilere yazdırılan iki ayrı metnin bu düzeyler açısından karşılaştırılması ve belirlenen değişkenler açısından incelenmesi de hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma, türü açısından betimsel nitelikte olup tarama yönteminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Metinler üzerinde doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, altı farklı üniversitenin Türkçe öğretim merkezinden; B2 düzeyinde 163, C1 düzeyinde ise 117 olmak üzere toplam 280 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler, öğrencilere sunulan üç farklı form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır: birey tanıma formu, yönlendirilmiş yazma formu ve serbest yazma formu. Toplanan verilerin analizi için, nitel verilerin sayısallaştırılmasına başvurulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda; iki metnin toplamında öğrenci başına düşen bağdaşıklık ögesi kullanımı 50,32 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Serbest konuda yazılan metinlerde bağdaşıklık araçları kullanımının, yönlendirilmiş olarak yazılmış metinlere göre daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, bağdaşıklık araçlarını kullanma düzeyinin bazı değişkenler açısından farklılaştığını göstermektedir.
Ortadoğu’da Askeri Denge ve İttifaklar: I. Dünya Savaşı’ndan Yeni Dünya Düzeni’ne Bir Süreç Analizi (1918-2010)
Authors: YOLCU Furkan Halit
Published: June 2020

Günümüz Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini için en çok ilgi çeken bölgelerden birisi olan Ortadoğu’nun güvenlik atmosferine ve askeri dengesine dair Türkçe ve İngilizce yazın dizinde hala önemli boşluklar bulunmaktadır. Bu durum özellikle Türkçe literatürde daha elzem bir durumdayken bu çalışma var olan bu boşluğun belli bir düzeyde de olsa giderilmesi hedefini taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ortadoğu askeri dengesinin Osmanlı’nın yıkılışı sonrasında hangi parametreler üzerinden oluştuğu ve bu dengenin hangi devletlerce normlaştırılmaya ve hangi devletlerce değiştirilmeye çalışıldığı analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, makale içerisinde sunulan dönemselleştirme dahilinde, savunma harcamalarını, askeri çatışmaları, bölgesel ittifakları ve küresel iş birliklerini bağımsız değişkenler olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu parametreler vasıtasıyla da Ortadoğu askeri dengesinin seyri ve yaşanan değişiklikler açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu süreç analizi sayesinde Ortadoğu’da son asırda oluşan ittifaklardan yola çıkılarak bir bölgesel ittifak tipolojisine ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu makalenin gidermeye çalıştığı en asli yazın dizin boşluğu bölgenin modern askeri tarihini bir arada sunan tarihsel çalışmaların yoksunluğudur. Bu anlamda makale çatışmaların, savunma harcamalarının, bölgesel ittifakların ve küresel iş birliklerinin askeri dengeye olan etkisine odaklanırken ticaret, güvenlik dışında kalan politik süreçler vb. değişkenleri çalışmanın ölçeğini sınırlandırmak adına kontrol değişkenleri olarak araştırmanın dışında bırakmıştır. Bu soyutlaştırma ve kısıtlamanın temel amacı bu makalenin Ortadoğu askeri dengesi üzerinde yoğunlaşmasını sağlamak ve Ortadoğu güvenliğini sadece bu boyutuyla ele alarak çalışmanın fizibilitesini arttırmaktır. Çalışmanın en önemli üç bulgudan ilki bölge askeri dengesinde Soğuk Savaş sürecinin ve küresel rekabetin izdüşümünün sahip olduğu şekillendirici etkidir. İkincisi, Arap-İsrail sorununun süregelen çözümsüzlük vasfı ile bir meydan okuma aracına dönüşmüş olmasıdır. Son bulgu ise bölgedeki ittifakların temel anlamda üç parametre üzerinden şekillendiğidir.
Sosyolojiye Çağrı: Hümanist Bir Perspektif
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Zübeyde
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Peter L. Berger’in “Sosyolojiye Çağrı: Hümanist Bir Perspektif” isimli kitabı ele alınmaktadır. Giriş niteliğinde bir eser olan kitap, sosyoloji hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen genel okur ve sosyoloji disiplinine giriş yapan öğrenciler için değerli bir kaynaktır. Her ne kadar dilimize kazandırılması gecikmiş olsa da sosyolojiye çağrısını sürdüren bu kitabın ülkemiz okurlarına ve sosyoloji öğrencilerine tanıtılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.