bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer-Discussion in TOEFL Preparation Class
Authors: Ismail Nyak Mutia , Wahyuni Sri
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to see whether the technique of peer-discussion during the TOEFL preparation class benefits the students in increasing their score in Section Two of TOEFL Test,  Structure and Written Expression. According to Porter et al. (2001), during the process of students’ interaction with their peer(s), students have more open chances to ask conceptual questions; and as their peer(s) respond, they can understand more correctly and individually the questions. This study adopted quasi-experimental design involving  one class consisting of 24 second semester college students at Economics Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. The result showed that the technique posed positive result on the students’ score in Section Two of TOEFL. The findings revealed that the Ha is accepted for the tvalue is 0.37 (df 22, α=0.05, -0.404 ≤ t ≥ 0.404 ). Also, it is significant for the sigvalue is 0.9 (sigvalue ≥ α=0.05). Hopefully, the result can contribute to the  theoretical gap in the TOEFL domain since there have not been many experimental studies about this technique used in TOEFL class. The technique indeed helps the students in overcoming the problems that they face in the Section Two of TOEFL. Besides, it can also boost their motivation in preparing for the TOEFL test.   ABSTRAK Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk melihat apakah diskusi dengan teman selama kelas persiapan TOEFL dapat memberi manfaat kepada siswa dalam meningkatkan skor mereka di bagian kedua tes TOEFL, yakni Structure and Written Expression. Seperti dikatakan oleh Porter et al. (2001) bahwa selama proses interaksi dengan teman, siswa mempunyai lebih banyak kesempatan untuk menanyakan pertanyaan konseptual; dan diwaktu mereka merespon, mereka mampu untuk mengerti dengan lebih baik dan secara individu pertanyaan tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental yang melibatkan satu kelas yang terdiri dari 24 siswa dari semester 2 di Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik ini mempunyai hasil positif terhadap skor siswa dalam bagian kedua tes TOEFL. Hasil yang didapat menerima Ha dengan nilai t 0.37 (df 22, α=0.05, -0.404 ≤ t ≥ 0.404 ). Dan hasil ini juga signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0.9 (sigvalue ≥ α=0.05).  Diharapkan hasil dari studi ini dapat memberi kontribusi kepada kajian teoritis dalam karena masih belum banyak studi eksperiment tentang ini dalam pengajaran TOEFL. Teknik ini mampu membantu siswa dalam menghadapi masalah dalam TOEFL di bagian kedua. Di samping itu, teknik ini juga mampu meningkatkan motivasi siswa di dalam menghadapi tes TOEFL.   How to Cite: Ismail, N. M. Wahyuni, S. (2017). Peer-Discussion in TOEFL Preparation Class. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(1), 63-70 doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i1.4837.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee. v4i1.4837
Teaching English in Non-English Departments: Empowering Teacher Towards Improvement
Authors: Akhiroh Ninuk Sholikhah
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT English Language Teaching (ELT) in non-English majors already has its “home” but not its “host”. It means that the parties involved in the teaching have not been able to manage an effective ELT yet. There could be many aspects related to this, yet this paper prefers to propose a solution to improve the effectiveness of English teaching in non-English majors by empowering the English language lecturer. This paper refers to the results of research conducted on the teaching of English in the Faculty of Social Sciences that use lecturers and students as the main informant, as well as interviews, observation and document analysis as data collection techniques. The results showed that some important improvement in ELT for non-English majors can be initiated by the lecturers. There are some necessary steps to do to reinforce the role of lecturers in ELT implementation. They are involving the lecturer in designing or revising the curriculum, building connection with fellow ESP lecturers and lecturers of relevant field of study, and activating Focus Group Discussion among teaching team. These steps hopefully will be complemented by the improvement of other aspects in ELT for non-English departments to build an effective teaching.   ABSTRAK Pengajaran bahasa Inggris di jurusan non-bahasa Inggris baru memiliki “rumah” saja, belum “tuan rumah”nya. Ini berarti bahwa pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pembelajaran belum dapat menata sebuah pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang efektif. Ada banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan, namun tulisan ini memilih untuk mengajukan sebuah solusi perbaikan pengajaran bahasa Inggris di jurusan non-bahasa Inggris dengan cara memberdayakan dosen pengampu matakuliah. Tulisan ini  merujuk pada hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap pengajaran bahasa Inggris di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dengan menggunakan dosen dan mahasiswa sebagai informan utama, serta wawancara, observasi dan analisis dokumen sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa perbaikan penting dalam penegajaran bahasa Inggris dapat difasilitasi oleh dosen pengampu matakuliah. Langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan adalah: melibatkan dosen dalam menyusun kurikulum pengajaran bahasa Inggris; membangun hubungan dengan sesama dosen pengajar ESP dan dosen ahli bidang ilmu tertentu; mengaktifkan forum diskusi antar anggota tim pengajar. Langkah-langkah ini diharapkan dapat dilengkapi dengan perbaikan dari aspek-aspek lain guna mewujudkan pembelajaran yang efektif. How to Cite: Akhiroh, N. S. . (2017). Teaching English in Non-English Departments: Empowering Teacher Towards Improvement. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(1), 49-62. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i1.5341
Self and Group Initiated Professional Development Pursuits of EFL Teachers
Authors: Priajana Nana
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT Teachers’ quality plays a paramount role in the improvement of  education quality. One of the ways to ensure high quality teachers is through effective continuous professional development for teachers. This present study is aimed to explore how EFL teachers develop their professionalism, particularly in terms of pedagogical and professional competencies. This research involved seven outstanding English teachers teaching at junior and senior high schools from two different areas covering one municipality and a district in Cirebon. The result showed that there are two main themes of professional development pursuits of the outstanding teachers comprising of self-initiated or individual and group professional development activities. ABSTRAK Kualitas guru berperan penting dalam menjaga kualitas pendidikan. Salah satu cara memastikan guru untuk tetap berkualitas adalah melalui aktivitas pengembangan profesionalisme yang efektif bagi guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana aktivitas guru bahasa Inggris mengembangkan profesionalisme mereka terutama dalam hal kompetensi pedagogis dan profesional. Penelitian ini melibatkan tujuh guru bahasa Inggris  luar biasa yang mengajar di tingkat SMP dan SMA dari dua wilayah yang berbeda yang mencakup satu kotamadya dan sebuah kabupaten di Cirebon. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa ada dua pola utama aktivitas pengembangan profesional dari guru bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari kelompok sendiri / individu, dan kelompok. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa guru bahasa Inggris dapat melakukan kegiatan profesinya yang diinisiasi sendiri dan kelompok untuk mempertahankan profesionalisme mereka sebagai guru. How to Cite: Priajana, N. (2017). Self and Group Initiated Professional Development Pursuits of EFL Teachers. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(1), 31-48 doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i1.6597.
LOST IN TRANSLATION AND THE CRUCIAL PROCESS OF CONVENTION
Authors: Witriani W , Sari Ulyati Retno , Fudiyartanto Fuad Arif
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT Certificates, academic transcripts, and name of institutions are such very important academic documents for any institutions, including educational institutions, which translation into foreign languages (for example into English) should be done carefully, thoroughly, and precisely. This research on the translation of such academic documents in UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta found that, although in general the translations are correct, there are many parts of the documents that have not been properly translated. Inaccuracies occurs due to frequent inconsistencies in choosing the diction (or vocabulary), phrase structures, and inappropriate choices of the translation procedures. Therefore, the alignment, uniformity, and convention of the translations are necessary to maintain the quality of the results.   ABSTRAK Sertifikat, transkrip akademik, dan nama institusi adalah dokumen akademis yang sangat penting bagi institusi manapun, termasuk institusi pendidikan, yang ketika diterjemahkan ke bahasa asing (misalnya bahasa Inggris) harus dilakukan dengan hati-hati, teliti, dan tepat. Penelitian ini tentang penerjemahan dokumen akademis tersebut di UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta menemukan bahwa, walaupun secara umum terjemahannya benar, ada banyak bagian dokumen yang belum diterjemahkan secara takurat. Ketidakakuratan tersebut terjadi karena sering terjadi ketidakkonsistenan dalam memilih diksi (atau kosa kata), struktur frase, dan pilihan prosedur terjemahan yang tidak sesuai. Oleh karena itu, keselarasan, keseragaman, dan konvensi terjemahan diperlukan untuk menjaga kualitas hasil. How to Cite: Witriani. Sari, U. R. Fudiyartanto, F. A. (2017). Lost In Translation and the Crucial Process of Convention. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(1), 93-110 doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i1.6598.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v4i1.6598
USING THE THINK-PAIR-SHARE STRATEGY TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT AND TO IMPROVE THEIR SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Syafii Muhammad Lukman
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to increase students’ active involvement and to improve their speaking ability using Think-Pair-Share Strategy at Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. The study was collaborative action research. This study was conducted in one cycle consisting of five meetings using the following procedures: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The data of the study were collected through the observation checklists, field notes, and questionnaire. The subjects were 26-second semester students of Class A. The increase could be seen from the number of students who were categorized as actively involved from only 7 students (29%) in the preliminary study to 20 students (78%) of 26 at the end of the study. The improvement of students’ speaking ability could be seen from the increasing number of students whose average score was 3, from 7 students (29%) of 24 students in the preliminary test to 17 students (65%) of 26 students in the final test. Therefore, this strategy is appropriate for the students to increase their active involvement and improve the speaking ability.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan kemampuan berbicara mahasiswa dengan menggunakan Berfikir-Berpasangan-Berbagi di Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang bersifat kolaboratif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam satu siklus yang terdiri dari lima pertemuan dengan menggunakan prosedur sebagai berikut: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan penghayatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, catatan lapangan, dan kuesioner. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 26 mahasiswa semester 2 kelas A. Peningkatan keterlibatan aktif mahasiswa dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya jumlah mahasiswa yang termasuk dalam kategori aktif yang pada saat penelitian awal hanya 7 mahasiswa (29%) menjadi 20 mahasiswa (78%) dari 26 mahasiswa yang masuk pada saat hari observasi pertemuan terakhir. Peningkatan kemampuan berbicara mahasiswa dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya jumlah mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai rata-rata 3, dari 7 orang menjadi 17 orang. Maka dari itu, strategi ini sesuai bagi mahasiswa untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan aktif dan memperbaiki kemampuan berbicara bahasa inggris mereka. How to Cite: Syafii., M. L. (2018). Using the Think-Pair-Share Strategy to Increase Students’ Active Involvement and to Improve Their Speaking Ability. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(1), 61-80. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i1.7679
A BRIEF VIEW ON BILINGUAL SCHOOLS IN THE CAPITAL OF INDONESIA
Authors: Surdyanto Annas
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at providing the portraits of bilingual schools in the capital of Indonesia and critically revealing the Ministry of Culture and Education policy on bilingual schools. This study employed a qualitative case design and took place at 5 bilingual schools. The data were taken with semi-structure interview, school document, observation and related literature. There were 10 teachers participating. This study showed descriptions of bilingual schools regarding the curriculum, the teaching and learning activity, the assessment, the accessibility, the teachers, the students, and the role of environment. The data derived were then analyzed and used to evaluate the government policy on bilingual schools related to the process of teaching and learning as well as its assessment. The analysis and evaluation found out some missing alignments between the policy and bilingual school principles. They were uncontrolled curriculum development as a combination of international and national curriculum, the Teacher Training Program provided by the government (PLPG) towards bilingual school teachers, and the establishment of standardized test. This study suggested that there must be an education council specialized for bilingual schools that concerns on designing the framework of school-based curriculum development (SBCD), teacher training program and standardized test establishment for bilingual schools. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan potret sekolah bilingual di ibukota Indonesia dan mengungkapkan kebijakan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan di sekolah bilingual secara kritis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kualitatif dan berlangsung di lima sekolah bilingual. Data diambil dengan wawancara semi-struktur, dokumen sekolah, observasi dan literatur terkait. Ada 10 guru yang berpartisipasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan deskripsi sekolah bilingual mengenai kurikulum, kegiatan belajar mengajar, penilaian, aksesibilitas, guru, siswa, dan peran lingkungan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan pemerintah pada sekolah bilingual yang terkait dengan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta penilaiannya. Analisis dan evaluasi menemukan beberapa keberpihakan yang hilang antara kebijakan dan prinsip sekolah bilingual. Mereka adalah pengembangan kurikulum yang tidak terkendali sebagai kombinasi kurikulum internasional dan nasional, Program Pelatihan Guru yang disediakan oleh pemerintah (PLPG) terhadap guru sekolah dwibahasa, dan pembentukan tes standar. Studi ini menyarankan bahwa harus ada dewan pendidikan khusus untuk sekolah bilingual yang berkaitan dengan merancang kerangka pengembangan kurikulum berbasis sekolah (SBCD), program pelatihan guru dan pendirian tes standar untuk sekolah bilingual.  How to Cite: Surdyanto, A.. (2018). A Brief View on Bilingual Schools in the Capital of Indonesia. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(1), 1-15. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i1.8018
MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF TV COMMERCIALS IN TEACHING ADVERTISEMENT: STIMULATING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Kusumastuti Ima
Published: November 2018

Advertisement has a big influence in our life as it shows everywhere each day through magazines, newspapers, radio, and even television. The advertisers use writing, visual images, speech, or music to promote their product. The creative and persuasive use of the multimodality supports them to promote the product. One of the attractive targets to promote their product is teenagers which are identified as people ages 12 to 17. This makes the study of multimodality in advertisement for students, mainly TV commercials, becomes important to be conducted at school. Stimulating students’ critical thinking to become aware of persuasive strategies through multimodality in TV commercial is needed. This study is focusing on the analysis of multimodality namely language, visual image, and music illustration used in TV commercials and its use to stimulate the junior high school students’ critical thinking at English as Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. The implication of this research is to analyze TV commercials using Multimodal Analysis and its use in stimulating students’ critical thinking, to become aware of Advertisement’s persuasive intention to promote their product.
AN EVALUATION OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY ENGLISH STUDENTS
Authors: Wulandari Bunga Ayu
Published: November 2018

This research investigates the language learning strategies used by English students of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP, hereafter) of Universitas Jambi. This research employed the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) questionaires designed by Oxford (1990) to obtain data from 85 students of the fifth semester class 2015 studying at the English Department. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that students opted for metacognitive (Part D), social (Part F), cognitive (Part B), compensation (Part C), memory (Part A), and affective (Part E)  strategies respectively as the most strategies they have used most in their language learning process. This finding shows that teachers can actually assess their students’ view about their learning strategies. This finding implies that teachers should be aware that students have different preferences to learn so that teachers need to be prepared to conduct variety of teaching strategies in their classrooms as well as emphasing the importance of learners’ metacognitive strategies without leaving out the other learning strategies. ABSTRAKRiset ini menginvestigasi strategi pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa-mahasiswa Prodi Bahasa Inggris pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP), Universitas jambi. Riset sekarang ini menggunakan kuestioner the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) yang didesain oleh Oxford (1990) untuk memperoleh data dari 85 mahasiswa-mahasiswa semester 5 kelas 2015 yang belajar pada Prodi Bahasa Inggris.  Data statitis menunjukkan mahasiswa-mahasiwa memilih strategi metacognitive (Part D), social (Part F), cognitive (Part B), compensation (Part C), memory (Part A), dan affective (Part E) berturut-turut sebagai strategi yang paling sering digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris mereka. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa guru dapat menilai pandangan siswa-siswa tentang strategi pembelajaran bahasa. Temuan ini juga mengimplikasikan bahwa guru semestinya menyadari bahwa siswa memiliki pilihan-pilihan yang berbeda dalam belajar sehingga guru perlu mempersiapkan berbagai macam variasi strategi mengajar dalam kelas sekaligus menekankan pentingnya strategi metacognitive pada siswa tanpa mengabaikan strategi pembelajaran bahasa lainnya.  How to Cite: Wulandari, B. A. (2018). An Evaluation of Language Learning Strategies Used by English Students. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(1), 16-25. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i1.8460
Damages with high consequences: Analysis of perforations in surgical latex operation gloves from orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Enz Andreas , Klinder Annett , Mittelmeier Hannah , Kundt Günther , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Zaatreh Sarah
Published: November 2018

Introduction: To prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) during operation, the use of sterile surgical latex gloves is common. The aim of this study was to examine the damage of the gloves in surgeries with different mechanical stress and the influence on the kind of damages. Gloves were collected during primary arthroplasty, revision arthroplasty (hip and knee), and arthroscopy (shoulder, hip, and knee).

Materials and methods: Surgical latex operation gloves were collected from surgeons after the operation and were tested with watertightness test (ISO EN 455-1:2000).

Results: A total of 1460 surgical gloves were retrieved from 305 elective operations. On average, 15.9% of the gloves showed postoperative lesions, with the highest incidence occurring in revision arthroplasty with 25%. In primary and revision arthroplasty, the index finger of the dominant hand was most frequently affected (62.7% and 58.6%); in contrast, gloves from arthroscopies had most lesions on thumb and middle finger (42.9% each). Tear and perforation size differed from ≤1 mm to >5 mm, and primary and revision arthroplasty showed bigger damages.

Conclusions: Surgical gloves have a high malfunction, which increases with growing mechanical stress. A high rate of perforation occurred mostly in revision arthroplasty. Breaching the integrity of the gloves, especially by high mechanical loads, could lead to an increased rate of infection.
High-Grade Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Management and Outcomes: A National Cancer Database Study
Authors: Alese Olatunji B. , Jiang Renjian , Shaib Walid , Wu Christina , Akce Mehmet , Behera Madhusmita , El-Rayes Bassel F.
Published: November 2018

Background

High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare in the gastrointestinal tract. However, treatment patterns and outcomes have not been well described.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

The National Cancer Database was analyzed. The primary objective was to describe the clinical outcomes and identify prognostic factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify factors associated with patient outcome.

Results

A total of 1,861 patients were identified between 2004 and 2013. The mean age was 63 years (standard deviation ±13). The majority of the patients (78.1%) were non-Hispanic whites. The most common primary sites were pancreas (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor [PNET] = 19.4%), large intestine (18.1%), esophagus (17.8%), and rectum (15.5%). Stage at presentation was I (6.6%), II (10.5%), III (18%) and IV (64.6%). Only 1.6% of the patients had brain metastases. Surgical resection was the primary therapy in 27.9%, and their median overall survival (OS) was 13.3 months. Patients treated with palliative chemotherapy had a median OS of 11.2 months, compared with 1.7 months for untreated patients. The median OS for high-grade PNET was 6 months, compared with 9.9 months for other high-grade gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (HG GI NEC). On univariable analysis, age < 65 years (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72; 0.66–0.8; p < .001) and treatment at an academic center (HR 0.88; 0.79–0.99; p < .034) were associated with improved survival. Multivariable analysis confirmed prognostic advantage of treatment at an academic center.

Conclusion

This is the largest series of HG GI NEC. Most patients present with metastatic disease, and overall survival remains poor. Treatment at an academic center, younger age, and use of chemotherapy were associated with improved survival. Multiagent chemotherapy was found to be associated with superior survival compared with single-agent chemotherapy, which was superior to no chemotherapy. Temporal sequences of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation administration were not found to be associated with survival differences on multivariable analysis.
ÇOCUK İSTİSMARI VE PEDİATRİ HEMŞİRESİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: SÖNGÜT Semra , ÖZAKAR AKÇA Selen
Published: November 2018

Dünya
Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) çocuk istismarını; “Çocuğun sağlık, büyüme ve gelişmesini
olumsuz olarak etkilenmesine sebep olan her türlü fiziksel ve/ veya duygusal,
cinsel, ihmal/ ihmale neden olacak ticari reklam amaçlı/ diğer bütün etkileme
şekilleri de içinde olmak üzere her türlü tutum ve davranışlara maruz kalması”
olarak tanımlamıştır. Türkiye’de 7-18 yaş grubu çocukların %25’inin ihmale
uğradıkları, %43’ünün fiziksel, %51’inin duygusal ve %3’ünün cinsel istismar
yaşadıkları vurgulanmıştır.6-14 yaş arası çocukların %4,2’sinin, 15-17 yaş
arası çocukların da %28’inin ekonomik istismara uğradığıbildirilmiştir.İstismarı artıran önemli faktörler arasında maddi durumun
yetersizliği görülmektedir. Çocuk istismarı, etiyolojisi, tanı ve
tedavisini içeren tüm boyutları ile karmaşık olaylar olarak değerlendirilmekte,
çocukların istismardan korunması, erken tanıve tedavisüreçlerinde
multidisipliner ekibin görev alması gerekmektedir. Ekip içerisinde görev alan
pediatri hemşireleri, istismar belirleyicilerini bilmesi, kötü muameleye maruz
kaldığından şüphelenilen çocukları erken dönemde tespit etmesi, onları doğru
merkezlere yönlendirmesi ve tedavi/rehabilitasyonlarını sağlamasıyla ekipte
önemli bir rol taşımaktadır.
Kaya Tırmanışı Yapan Turistlerin Destinasyon Değerlendirmeleri: Geyikbayırı, Antalya Örneği
Authors: ALBAYRAK Tahir , ÇÖMEN Nesli
Published: November 2018

Turizm alanında kısıtlı sayıda çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği kaya tırmanışı aktivitesini ele alan bu çalışmada, Geyikbayırı, Antalya bölgesine kaya tırmanışı yapmak amacıyla gelen turistlerin destinasyon özelliklerinden memnuniyetleri incelenmiştir. İlgili bölgede 200 yerli ve yabancı turistten anket tekniği ile veri toplanmış ve Önem-Performans Analizi (ÖPA) kullanılarak destinasyon özelliklerine yönelik bazı stratejiler önerilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bölgenin manzarası, sessizliği, kaya yapısı ve rota çeşitliliği ile personel hizmet kalitesi özellikleri destinasyonun korunması gereken güçlü yönleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Buna karşılık, konaklama tesislerinin temizliği, üzerinde yoğunlaşılması gereken zayıf bir özellik olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yerli ve yabancı turistlerin destinasyon özelliklerine yönelik algıları arasında farklılıklar olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Örneğin, yabancı turistlerin bölgenin genel temizliği ile kaya yapısı ve rota çeşitliliğine yönelik memnuniyetleri, yerli turistlere göre daha yüksektir. Bu çalışmanın, kaya tırmanışına katılan turistlerin destinasyona yönelik değerlendirmelerini ortaya koyması ve yönetsel stratejilerin tespitine katkı sağlaması açısından özgün bir değere sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
Modelling the length of time spent in an unemployment state in South Africa
Authors: Nonyana Jeanette Z. , Njuho Peter M.
Published: November 2018

The deteriorating global economic conditions have worsened the unemployment situation, especially among the youth in sub-Saharan Africa. Structural factors such as the length of time spent in unemployment and job sustainability have a considerable effect on the persistence of unemployment for an individual. Non-parametric models were fitted to data consisting of 4.9 million unemployed South Africans to determine the duration dependence and probabilities associated with unemployment. The prospect of finding employment depends on unemployment duration where the rate of finding employment decreases as the length of time in unemployment increases. On average, nemployment exit is observed at lower rates, which translates to people remaining unemployed for longer durations. The human capital of the unemployed deteriorates when more time is spent in an unemployment state, thus making one less employable. Based on the Markov chain processes results, the created jobs are less sustainable because the employed transition back to an unemployment state over time. These findings suggest that the problem of unemployment in South Africa is multidimensional.Significance:

The structural factors associated with unemployment should be modelled to address the unemployment situation in South Africa.
The probability of remaining unemployed increases as the length of stay in unemployment increases.
The lengthy unemployment duration results from a low rate of exiting unemployment.
Recent emergence of CAT5 tropical cyclones in the South Indian Ocean
Authors: Fitchett Jennifer M.
Published: November 2018

The IBTrACS global best track data set endorsed by the World Meteorological Organization provides a valuable global record of tropical cyclone genesis, track and intensity, and spans 1842 to the present. The record is significantly more robust from the late 1970s onwards, as it is supported by satellite imagery. These records indicate that the first tropical cyclone in the South Indian Ocean to intensify to CAT5 status did so in 1994. This date is significantly later than the first CAT5 storms recorded in the IBTrACS database for the Atlantic Ocean (1924) and the North Pacific (1951) recorded from ship records, and half a decade later than those of the North Indian Ocean (1989) and South Pacific (1988), captured from satellite imagery. Following this late emergence, in the period 1990–2000, eight CAT5 tropical cyclones were recorded for the South Indian Ocean. A further four have been recorded for the period 2010–2015. This recent emergence of tropical cyclones attaining category five intensity in the South Indian Ocean is of significance for the forecasting of tropical cyclone landfall and the anticipation of storm damage for the developing economies that characterise the region. Although an increase in tropical cyclone intensity is frequently projected under global climate change scenarios, the dynamics for the South Indian Ocean have remained poorly understood. Notable are early results indicating an increased frequency and poleward migration of these CAT5 storms, concurrent with a poleward migration in the position of the 26.5 °C, 28 °C and 29 °C sea surface temperature isotherms in the South Indian Ocean.Significance:

Category 5 tropical cyclones, the strongest category of storms, have only recently emerged in the South Indian Ocean. Since 1989, their frequency of occurrence has increased. This increase poses a heightened risk of storm damage for the South Indian Ocean Island States and the countries of the southern African subcontinent as a result of the strong winds, heavy rainfall and storm surges associated with these storms, and the large radial extent at category 5 strength.
Productive knowledge, poverty and the entrepreneurial challenges of South African towns
Authors: Toerien Daan
Published: November 2018

Stagnant exports per capita and growing poverty in South Africa necessitated an examination of the links between the levels of productive knowledge (measured as enterprise richness), poverty (measured as Enterprise Dependency Indices) and entrepreneurial development (measured as the number of enterprises) in 188 South African towns. Two statistically significant relationships were used to examine groups of towns with different poverty levels: a linear relationship of population size and enterprise numbers, and a power law relationship of population size and enterprise richness. Increased poverty levels severely impact current and future enterprise development, despite the fact that entrepreneurial space develops similarly in wealthy and poor towns. Two broad types of entrepreneurial opportunities were discerned: starting more enterprises of types that are already present in towns, and starting enterprises of types that have not been present before. The latter requires the expansion of productive knowledge. Doubling of productive knowledge (measured as enterprise richness) more than doubles the number of enterprises in towns. The economic growth of towns always requires additional enterprises of types not yet present. This requirement is more stringent in towns with fewer than 100 enterprises, but even in large towns, enterprise growth has a Pareto-like requirement of 20% of new enterprise types. There is evidence of a ‘catch-22’-like poverty trap for poor towns: they lack productive knowledge, yet to overcome poverty they need to have productive knowledge. Escaping this trap will be extremely difficult and development plans and policies should heed these findings.Significance:

The link between productive knowledge and the wealth/poverty status of South African towns is quantified.
There is a ‘catch-22’-like poverty trap that is difficult to escape in poorer towns.
These findings can assist in plans to combat poverty.
Remains of a barn owl (Tyto alba) from the Dinaledi Chamber, Rising Star Cave, South Africa
Authors: Kruger Ashley , Badenhorst Shaw
Published: November 2018

Excavations during November 2013 in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa uncovered over 1550 specimens of a new hominin, Homo naledi. A total of four modern bird bones were collected from the surface of the Dinaledi Chamber during the first phase of the initial excavations. While mentioned in the geological and taphonomic descriptions, the presumably modern or sub-modern bird remains have not been formally identified or described until now. Here we identify these remains as indistinguishable from those of a modern barn owl (Tyto alba). Tyto alba is today common to the region and known to contribute microfaunal remains at many Plio-Pleistocene sites in the Cradle of Humankind. Based on the greatest length measurement and breadth of the proximal articulation of the specimen, it is suggested that the owl from the Dinaledi Chamber is more similar to that of females of the species, despite the small sample sizes available for comparison. It is unclear how the remains of this female owl came to be in the remote Dinaledi Chamber.
Significance:

Owl bones from the Dinaledi Chamber are the only other macro-vertebrate remains from this Chamber.
The other remains discovered are that of more than 15 individuals of the enigmatic Homo naledi.
The remains of the Dinaledi Chamber owl further our understanding of the contents of the important material contained within the Dinaledi system as they are the only more recent fossils to be recovered from this area of the Rising Star Cave system and are therefore important in and of themselves as an indicator that more proximal parts of the Rising Star Cave system have been suitable for use by barn owls at greater time depths than the present.
Communicative Ecology of Moscow Residents
Authors: Соловьева Ольга Геннадьевна
Published: November 2018

This exploratory research questions communicative patterns of Moscow metropolitan area residents: practices, attitudes to the city and technological tools used for information search and communication matters. Applying communicative ecology concept on the city level, author analyses data collected by an online survey (N = 200) to distinguish key communication patterns within three dimensions: social, technological and discursive. Among the major communication patterns, we identified significance of the strong ties among residents, relatively low level of membership in social and civic society organizations and exceptionally low level of involvement in local community problem-solving. The study delineates several problems of communicative ecology and prospective directions on urban communication research in Moscow.
İNİENSEFALİ USG ve MRG BULGULARI
Authors: ÇAKIR İsmet Miraç , ATA KORKMAZ Hatice Ayça , BULUT Eser , ATABAY Doğukan , ÇAKIR Nahide Gökçe
Published: November 2018

Giriş: İniensefali, başın fikse ve belirgin retrofleksiyonu, ayrıca kısa ve hareketsiz ense ile karakterize nadir bir kranioservikal deformitedir. Oksipitoparyetal kemikte defekt ve foramen magnumda genişleme, servikotora­kal vertebral kolonda kısalık ve füzyon defekti, yüzün sürekli olarak yukarı dönük olması tanı koymaya yardımcı ana bulgulardır. Olgu sunumu: 38 yaşında ve 19. gebelik haftasındaki takipsiz olgumuz, prenatal ultrasonografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntülemede kranyumda oksipitopariyetal bölgede geniş ensefalosel, servikal ve torasik vertebra posterior elemanlarında füzyon defekti ve kısa vertabral kolon izlendi. Fetus boynunda hiperekstansiyon mevcuttu. Terminasyon yapılan olguda bulgular postnatal olarak doğrulandı Sonuç: Erken tanı ve terminasyon ile maternal riskler azaltılabilmektedir.
AutoCUT&RUN: genome-wide profiling of chromatin proteins in a 96 well format on a Biomek v1
Authors: Janssens Derek , Ahmad Kami , Henikoff Steven
Published: November 2018

CUT&RUN is an antibody-targeted nuclease-cleavage method that profiles the genome-wide occupancy of DNA-binding proteins, histones and chromatin modifying proteinsin situ with exceptional sensitivity and resolution. Here we provide a protocol to perform CUT&RUN in an automated 96 well format using a Beckman Biomek FX liquid handling robot equipped for magnetic separation and temperature control. To circumvent the need to purify small amounts of DNA prior to library preparation, we developed a method to polish the DNA ends in chromatin fragments for direct ligation of Illumina library adapters. This allows the samples to be kept in a 96 well format throughout the DNA end-polishing and adapter ligation steps. Deproteinated CUT&RUN libraries are purified on the Biomek using Ampure XP magnetic beads both before and after PCR enrichment. This AutoCUT&RUN protocol allows a single operator to generate up to 96 libraries in two days that are ready to be pooled and sequenced. The easy, cost-effective workflow makes AutoCUT&RUN an attractive tool for high-throughput characterization of chromatin features, and because AutoCUT&RUN generates high-quality profiles from frozen tissue samples this method is also suitable for rapidly profiling the epigenetic content of patient samples.
Joint angle calculation from optical markers and IMUs attached to the lower body v2
Authors: Teufl Wolfgang , Miezal Markus , Taetz Bertram , Fröhlich Michael , Bleser Gabriele
Published: November 2018

The attached file contains a detailed description of the methods used in the manuscript "Validity of inertial sensor based 3D joint kinematics of static and dynamic sport and physiotherapy specific movements" for the calculation of 3D joint angles incorporating inertial sensor data and optical motion capture data.
O corpo e o coletivo: espetáculo e liturgia midiatizada nos discursos de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2008-2015)
Authors: Cingolani Gastón , Fernández Mariano
Published: November 2018

Partimos da hipótese de que, nos discursos políticos, a midiatização não é uma dimensão secundária: é uma condição constitutiva das condições de produção, circulação e reconhecimento no espaço público. Este trabalho é a extensão de uma série dedicada às estratégias da presidência de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Seu corte será transversal: os regimes de visibilidade são tão fundamentais quanto as operações que foram utilizadas, estabelecendo-se ou transformando-se ao longo do tempo, articulando-se com contingências da agenda social e política e com a dinâmica midiática. A análise revisa os critérios analíticos à luz da hipótese de que as estratégias são um resultado coadaptivo: a midiatização impõe condições e os atores sociais produzem suas próprias formas de intervenção pública.
TRANSFECTION OF EXOGENOUS DNA IN CHICKEN OVIDUCT CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Samoilov A. V. , Suraeva N. M.
Published: November 2018

Effective production of pharmaceutical proteins using transgenic poultry may be achieved only from a construction of expression vector for chicken oviduct bioreactor. This study was focused on development of temporary expression system by using primary oviduct epithelial cells in which transfected gene expression can be studied. The present work was aimed to study three manners for preparation of primary oviduct cells, but only one was effective. Selective digestion of chicken oviduct tissue pieces in trypsin at 38° C and mechanical withdrawal of upper cell layer resulted in the isolation of purity primary culture. Experiments indicated that monolayer cultured for 2-3 d were fit to be passaged. Then after 1-2-d, the cells were transfected. Based on our result with primary culture, we did not used complicated enzyme treatment and extra equipment in order to increase the purity of epithelial cells. Liposomes «Lipofectine® 2000» were used for primary oviduct cells transfection of a plasmid designed based on the pIRES EGFP2 vector (Clontech, United States). The ratio of cells carrying GFP activity was 5-8% of the total number of cultured cells. This researches was focused on development in vitro of temporary expression system in which transfected gene expression can be tested for 4-5 d.
LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF HER2-POSITIVE AND TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Chertkova A. I. , Slavina E. G. , Zhukova L. G. , Ganshina I. P. , Okruzhnova M. F. , Shoua E. K. , Nurtdinova V. A. , Borunova A. A. , Kadagidze Z. G.
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the original amount of basic lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and the results of therapy in patients with HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer. Before treatment was conducted immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to surface markers and intracellular lymphocyte antigen FOXP3 and determining the cytotoxic activity of NK-cells. Cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT colorimetric test against K-562 cells. Revealed some differences in the composition of the population of lymphocytes and the number of regulatory T cells in patients with HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer (BC). Discuss the relationship between the number of suppressor cells and the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis of tumor.
RESEARCH OF SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY IN RATS OF GLYCOSIDE DERIVATIVE OF INDOLOCARBAZOLE LCS-1208
Authors: Nikolina A. A. , Kul’Bachevskaya N. Ju. , Konjaeva O. I. , Chaley V. A. , Ermakova N. P. , Bukhman V. M.
Published: November 2018

Background. In N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center has been developed injectable dosage form based on the substance of indolocarbazole derivative LCS-1208, studied its antitumor activity and mechanism of antitumor effect, which was the basis for the pre-clinical study of the drug toxicity. Objective. The study of subchronic toxicity of formulation of glycoside derivative of indolocarbazole - LCS-1208 after intraperitoneal application to rats. Materials and methods. Dosage form of study drug: lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection of 9,0 mg in vial. The study was conducted on 40 healthy non inbred male rats, which were obtained from the breeding of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. It was studied the action of the drug on the peripheral blood, the functional state of the liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract of animals. Results. The drug LCS-1208 by daily intraperitoneal administration to rats for 15 days in the 3 studied doses (total dose 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) did not cause death of animals, had no effect on the general condition of the animals, did not cause external manifestations of toxicity, did not change behavioral responses of animals and had no effect on the functioning of the studied organs. Conclusion. The results obtained by the study of the subchronic toxicity in rats were the basis for further preclinical toxicology study of the drug LCS-1208.
DEVELOPMENT OF CYTOSTATIC EFFECT OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO THE PROTEINS PRAME
Authors: Lyzhko N. A. , Misyurin V. A. , Finashutina Y. P. , Akhlynina T. V. , Kesaeva L. A. , Tikhonova V. V. , Kasatkina N. N. , Solopova O. N. , Baryshnikova M. A. , Misyurin A. V.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. PRAME protein is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. PRAME is not expressed in normal tissues, but active in number of the tumor types. We have developed the mouse monoclonal antibodies 5D3F2 and 6H8F12 against PRAME epitopes. Aim. To determine the effects provided by the monoclonal antibodies 5D3F2 and 6H8F12 against the cells with different levels of PRAME gene expression. Materials and methods. We used different cell lines: NOMO-1 and WI-38 with low levels of expression PRAME; THP-1 with intermediate level of PRAME expression; K562 and WI-38-PRAME with high level of PRAME expression. We incubated these cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies 5D3F2 and 6H8F12. The final concentration of monoclonal antibodies in culture varied from 6 pg/ml to 120 mcg/ml. The live cells were counted at the 24, 48 and 72 hours after incubation. The number of dead cells was evaluated by the MTT-test after 24 hours. Results. Cell growth rate is significanely decreased during incubation with monoclonal antibodies. This effect is correlated with increase of monoclonal antibody concentrations (Pearson coefficient 0,67;p = 0,0219). K562 growth rate was much less compared to the THP-1’s rate (p = 0,0061), NOMO-1 (p = 0,0005) and WI-38 (p = 0,0002) in the presence of the same amount of monoclonal antibody 6H8F12. K562 cell growth rate was lower than the WI-38-PRAME’s rate (p = 0,0027), despite the comparable level of PRAME expression. Effects of monoclonal antibody 5D3F2 and 6H8F12 were similar (p = 0,3946). According to the MTT-test, the comparable number of death cells in K562 and WI-38-PRAME was observed (p = 0,8405). Under the same conditions the amount of death cells in THP-1 was smaller than K562 (p = 0,6335). To compare with K562, fewer cells died in NOMO-1 and WI-38 (p = 0,0026 and p = 0,0005, respectively). Conclusion. It was shown that monoclonal antibody 5D3F2 and 6H8F12 exhibit a significant cytotoxic effect against PRAME-express-ing cells. In case of higher levels of PRAME expression the cytotoxic effect was stronger.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF EXPRESSION OF ANDROGENETIC RECEPTORS IN DIFFERENT MOLECULAR TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Ryabchikov D. A. , Vorotnikov I. K. , Kozlov N. A. , Chkhikvadze N. V. , Titov K. S. , Shusharin A. S.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. So far in the literature there is no consensus on the relationship between the level of androgens and their metabolites in various biological fluids and tissues with the development of breast cancer. As suggested by many researchers, determining the level of androgenetic receptors (AR) in the tumor in patients with breast cancer are able to access a number of promising directions in the study of prognosis of the disease and the search for new approaches to endocrine therapy of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Objective. To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical expression of AR in different molecular types of breast cancer. Materials and methods. In the present work we have studied the expression of AR in tumor tissue in patients of different molecular types of breast cancer. Results. The risk of death in patients with AR-positive breast cancer is 88 % lower than in patients with AR-negative tumors. Conclusion. It was concluded that the study of the expression of AR, is a promising direction not only in the assessment of the prognosis of the disease, but when searching for additional approaches to the treatment of breast cancer.
The effectiveness of combined therapy of dyslipidemia by atorvastatin and biologycally active substances from marine hydrobionts
Authors: Krizshanovsky S. P. , Geltser B. I. , Kuznetsova T. A. , Persiyanova E. V. , Zaporozhets T. S.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. The perspective direction in therapy of dyslipidemia (DLP) is a complex application of biologycally active substances from marine hydrobionts. Objective. The purpose of research - to compare the lipidcorrective action of preparates based on biologically active substances from marine hydrobionts - fukolam and maristim - individually and in combination with atorvastatin in patients with DLP. Materials and methods. 250patients with DLP and 40 healthy donors were included in research. As medicines atorvastatin, fukolam, maristim were used. In the blood serum the levels of lipid spectrum were determined. Results. Hypolipidemic action of fukolam in complex of basic therapy of patients with DLP was implemented by gradually reducing the total cholesterol, cholesterol of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides levels to control values. The efficacy of fukolam was comparable with that of atorvastatin in a daily dose of 10 mg. Complex of «fukolam-maristim» showed hypolipidemic effect in severe hyperlipidemia. Conclusions. Combined therapy with use of bioactive substances of natural origin may be one of the way to improve the efficiency of hypolipidemic therapy. We have developed the algorithm of differential correction of DLP by inclusion the fukolam and maristim in complex therapy.