bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and Processing Analysis of MBR Technology
Authors: Guo Yu Mei , Huang Si , Liu Bo , Guo Fang , Zhang Yan Yan , Xu Yang , Li Zhong Wen , Huang Ting Hua
Published: February 2014

The 3AMBR technology had been put into use in a sewage treatment plant of Kunming in 2010, emission standards at the national level A standard, and running in good condition currently. This paper based on the four seasons along the data of the water plant, the operating principle, situation and existing problems of 3AMBR technology were deeply discussed through analyzing the path parameter data process (DO, ORP, TN, TP, NH3-N, NO3-N, MLSS, COD). The research found that the technology had advantages of effluent in good quality, stable operation and less sludge, at the same time existed some phenomenon of excess aeration, long sludge age and water shortage of carbon source.
A Study on Release of Nutrients from Ash Fertilizer
Authors: Huang Xiao Jie , He Na , Liu Ming Da , Yang Dan , Wang Yao Jing
Published: February 2014

To study the effect of straw ash dosage and the function of drying temperature on nutrient losses, imitate disk granulation technology was used to make ash compound fertilizer; the water immersion test was chosen to study the effect of ash on nutrient leaching characteristics of ash compound fertilizer. The results show that the total nutrient loss was the least at drying temperature of 80°C; with the rise of ash content from 15% to 20%, the release content of nitrogen and phosphorus increase, indicated that ash is able to retard the release of nitrogen and phosphorus, the dissolution rate slows down with reducing ash content, which indicates adding ash can extend the time of nutrient supply, and the effect increased with the rise of ash content.
New Source of Energy Production - Solar Pond an Effective Use of Present Alternative Technologies
Authors: Satheesh J. Solomon , Yogesh T.L.
Published: February 2014

In this modern era of civilization electricity plays a vital role in every aspects ranging from basic needs to technological advancements. Today most of the electrical energy is obtained from non-renewable source namely coal. But it has been estimated that coal which is a vital resource for the production of electricity will be exhausted within two or three decades, if it is being used continuously at the current rate. Hence it is necessary to find an appropriate source of energy that will provide enormous quantity of energy to produce electricity without disruptions for the present and future generations. To attain this objective we have introduced a new technology called Solar ponds which provides thermal energy from sunlight. The energy obtained from solar ponds is far more efficient than the energy obtained from photovoltaic cells. This paper discusses the fabrication of mini solar pond and in their operation and maintenance. The factors which influence the technical and economic viability of solar ponds for thermal applications and power generation have been discussed.
Analysis on the Energy Consumption (EC) and Carbon Emission (CE) of Tourism Transport of Jiangxi Province Using the PLS Method
Authors: Jia Jun Song , Kuang Cai Hua , Hu Lin Lin
Published: February 2014

Taking Jiangxi of China as an example, we, firstly, accounted the energy consumption (EC) and carbon emission (CO2, CE) of this provinces tourism transport in recently 13 years. Then, we used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method to analysis the drivers of the CE. Results show that: 1Respectively, the EC and CE of tourism transport in Jiangxi in 1999 were 4.2 PJ and 0.46 Mt. They grew up to 31.9 PJ and 3.59 Mt in 2011. The increasing amounts were 27.7 PJ and 3.13 Mt, with an average annual growth rate of 18.4% and 18.6%. These meant that with the improvement of living standards, more and more people engaged in the activities of tourism industry. 2The consumption demand of peoples tourism had been greatly released in 2004 and 2011, which could arise from the influences of the "SARS" in 2003 and the global financial crisis in 2008, respectively. 3The importance of the latent drivers can be sorted as the following order: A2 (square of GDP per capita), A (GDP per capita), T (carbon intensity), T1 (EC intensity) and P (population). The impact on the CE from T2 (the factor denoted by T/T1) is negligible. The impact of U (urbanization rate) is little. The A2, A, T, T1 and P have an increase of 1%. The corresponding CE will have an increase of 0.275%, 0.259%, 0.148%, 0.145% and 0.131%, respectively. In the end, some suggestions are proposed for local development: to speed up the pattern's upgrade of the development, to promote the implementation of energy saving, to improve the technical level and energy efficiency so as to reduce the regional energy intensity, to go on controlling population growth and to boost the new-type urbanization, to some extent.
An Innovative Sustainability-Oriented Eco-Development Approach in China: The Case Study of Chongming Island
Authors: Guo Ru
Published: February 2014

The rapid development of Chinas economy has not only created enormous material wealth, but also brought about great challenges to natural resources and environment. Therefore, there is a pressing need of transition from traditional development pathways to a sustainable one for China. Taking Chongming Island as a case, an innovative sustainability-oriented eco-development approach is presented. Chongming Island has a unique setting as a rural county in the highly urbanized municipality, with a good eco-environment and least developed economy in the surroundings. Through exploring a path to ecological modernization beyond the traditional industrialization, Chongming practice is expected to show the way of how to integrate ecosystem management and eco-development in a developing area, which is a good demonstration for China and other developing countries and regions.
Effect of Growing Medium on the Physiological Characteristics of Organic Rice Seedling
Authors: Xu Xiang , Yan Ying , Liu Ming Da , An Hui , Wang Yao Jing
Published: February 2014

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different growing mediums on rice seedlings. Nine kinds of growing mediums were used: AN, AR, BN, BR, CN, CR, DN, DR, mixtures of decomposed chicken feces, soybean cake, plant ash and two organic acid (N and R) with different proportions; CK, a commercial growing medium (XinZu), used as control. Chlorophyll content, soluble sugar, peroxidase activity and root vigor of rice seedlings were analyzed. Results showed that rice seedlings in BR were stronger, with higher contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and peroxidase activity. The root vigor of rice seedlings was enhanced in BR. It was indicated that BR could be used successfully as growing medium for organic rice seedling.
Effect of Salinity on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Sargassum thunbergii and Gracilaria verrucosa
Authors: Cui Qing Man , Wang Hai Wen , Liu Ping , Yuan Chun Ying
Published: February 2014

The effect of salinity (10,20,30,40,50) on the growth and biochemical composition of Sargassum thunbergii and Gracilaria verrucosa were investigated under the laboratory conditions, the results showed that: specific growth rate and chlorophyll a of Sargassum thunbergii and Gracilaria verrucosa were first increased and then decreased with the increase of salinity, the carotenoids content of Sargassum thunbergii in 10 salinity group and Gracilaria verrucosa in 40 salinity group were the maximum respectively. After comprehensive analysis, in the 10-50 salinity range, The optimal salinity for the growth of G.verrucosa and S. thunbergii were 20 and 30 respectively.
Study on Application of Urban Underground Drain Pipeline Information Modeling as an Auxiliary Decision Support in Urban Planning
Authors: Xie Zhi Qiang , Zeng Hong Yun , Du Qing Yun
Published: February 2014

Underground pipelines are blood vessels of a city. However, ongoing urban drain pipe accidents, especially the urban flooding accidents hit cities in recent years. One important reason is lack of mastery of underground pipeline information and its operation condition in cities and necessary urban underground drain pipeline information as decision support for planning and management. This leads to loss of scientific and rational evaluation of urban drain pipelines and eventually results in urban planning and construction to a certain unbridled extent. This paper addresses the construction and application of Kunming's urban drain pipeline information model to scientifically simulate and rationally analyze the urban underground drain pipeline capacity. The study results have positive effect in promoting scientific planning and construction of urban drain pipelines.
A Modified Model for Friction Reduction by Vibrating Drill-String Longitudinally
Authors: Wang Peng , Ni Hong Jian , Li Zhi Na , Wang Rui He
Published: February 2014

Drill-string vibration excitation longitudinally is a potential drilling method for reducing friction between drill-string and borehole rock. This article assumes that borehole rock surface is composed of elliptical asperities, based on elastic-plastic contact theory, a modified model for friction reduction by vibrating drill-string longitudinally is developed. The results show that the tangential stiffness of borehole rock surface decreased with increasing ovality of asperity. Further, at the same ovality, thin and tall asperity has bigger tangential stiffness than short and fat asperity. Only when the tangential stiffness of borehole rock is greater than a certain threshold, the friction force calculated by proposed model in this paper can appear reverse phenomenon. When the tangential stiffness tends to infinity, the result tends to Coulomb model. The conclusions provide basis for research and application of drill-string vibration longitudinally friction reduction technology.
Application Prospects in China of Oil Shale In Situ Mining Method and an Improved Method
Authors: Zhao Gui Jie , Chen Chen , Qian Fang
Published: February 2014

Oil shale resources is a new energy has a huge potential for development, as the complement and alternative energy of the oil and gas, more and more people pay attention to it. China's oil shale resources are widely distributed and reserves are huge, but current mining methods are still primitive, mainly to direct exploitation, exploitation efficiency is low and ecological damage is serious, it will be replaced by in-situ mining methods in the future. This paper summarizes the research of oil shale in situ mining, aims at the problems of that the conduction of heat efficiency is low and the outlet channel is less which exist in the in-situ mining at the present, and put forward the concept of in-situ broken that is using some methods to make the oil shale change from huge to small block in the initial stage of the in-situmining, further in-situ heating, mining of oil shale，and put forward the method of in-situ noncontact wind breaking oil shale, this method using the crushing wind to break the oil shale, having high feasibility. This paper did in-depth research on the in-situ mining, and it can provide a reference for the development and utilization of oil shale resources.
Controlled Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites with Different Structures and Morphologies
Authors: Dong Bing Hai , Guo Zhi Guang , Wang Shi Min , Song Xiu Lian , Zhao Li , Lu Hong Bing , Wan Li
Published: February 2014

Pure anatase, pure rutile and the mixed TiO2 crystals with different amounts of rutile and anatase were prepared by a hydrothermal method using Ti (OBu)4 as starting material. The effect of anions on crystal phase and morphology of TiO2 synthesized by the hydrothermal method was investigated, and the relevant mechanism was also discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that Cl- ion was in favor of the formation of rutile, while NO3- and CH3COO- were beneficial for the formation of anatase. The hydrothermal conditions have significant effects on the phase component, morphology, and particle size of obtained titania products. Additionally, mixed TiO2 crystals with different amounts of rutile and anatase could be prepared by adjusting the reaction conditions, such as the concentration of Cl- ion, hydrothermal time, the amount of citric acid and the concentration of tetrabutyl titanate.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Enhanced Tube Inserted Delta-Wing
Authors: Zhao Chen Hong , Lei Yong Gang
Published: February 2014

Heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a tube inserted delta-winglet (inclination angle is 10 °) are studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the delta-winglet enhance the heat transfer of the enhancement tube inserted delta-winglet and improve the PEC with modest pressure drop penalties. Compared with based tubes, the delta-wings structure enhance the heat transfer 19.52%-31%.
The Capacities Evaluation of Oil Absorption Materials
Authors: Wei Dong Ming , Zheng Hong Bo , Zhang Shu Shen
Published: February 2014

Nowadays, more and more oil-absorbing materials are researched, but lacking of an effective index system to evaluate capacities of oil-absorbing materials. In this paper, combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and comprehensive evaluation method, an effective evaluation model will be established and be verified used the evaluate the capacities evaluation of three typical oil-absorbing materials (polypropylene linoleum absorption (PP-2), straw and polyurethane linoleum absorption (PU-1)) absorbing 20# lubricating oil in water environment as a case. The comprehensive evaluation results showed the final score of PP-2, straw and PU-1 were 7.42, 5.86 and 7.16, respectively, and PP-2 was the best oil-absorbing materials, which is consistent with the conclusions of the research.
The Relationship between Critical Flux and Membrane Fouling
Authors: Li Wei Ying , Zhang Jun Peng , Li Wen Ming
Published: February 2014

The critical flux was chosen to show surface features of the membrane fouling and it was determined by the flux-step method. The critical flux of on-line coagulation-UF, sedimentation-UF and sand filtration-UF was investigated and its value was 86.5 L/m2h80.5L/m2h and 68.1L/m2h, respectively. At the same time, the increasing rate of TMP were always lower than the corresponding values measured for the short-term flux-step experiments.
Electrical Characteristics of ZnTe Thermoelectric Thin Films
Authors: Chen Wen Shiush , Hsu Cheng Hsing , Kao Wen Hua , Yu Yi Ting , Yang Pai Chuan , Tseng Ching Fang , Lai Chun Hung , Lee Ye Mu , Yang Hsi Wen , Lin Jenn Sen
Published: February 2014

Thermal coating growth of ZnTe thermoelectric films were deposited on n-type Si substrate is studied. Structural analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were sensitive to the RTA treatment. The electrical properties and microstructure of these films were investigated with special emphasis on the effects of various annealing temperatures from 600°C to 800°C by RTA technique. The highest carrier concentration, lowest resistivity and mobility at an annealing temperature of 700°C are 3.5×1015cm-3, 0.25 Ω-cm, and 49 cm2V-1S-1. The resultant electrical properties have made ZnTe films as very interesting materials for thermoelectric device applications.
Chlorination Degradation of Estriol under Various pH Values in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhao Tao Tao , Li Cong , Yu Ting Chao
Published: February 2014

The natural estrogens have been proven to induce estrogenic effects in aquatic organisms exposed to them. In this article, estriol, as one of the active estrogens, was investigated by chlorine. The chlorination degradation of estriol is no longer relatively exponential relationship with the reaction time, but also decided by complex elements, including DOC, pH, flow rate, and several other indexes.E3 degradation efficiency increased as the increase of pH values.For pH 6-9, approximately 10min was needed to achieve similar to 90% E3degradation when pH>7, and it needed more than 30min if pH < 7.The chlorination kinetic of E3 is a second-order reaction, and the correlation coefficients for all the pH values are superior to 0.96.
Effect of Dynamic Gelation of Polymer Gel in Porous Media: Permeability
Authors: Yu Hai Yang , Liu Xiang Jun , Ji Wen Juan , Gao Hai Tao , Xu Bin Bin
Published: February 2014

Polymer gel is widely used in water shut-off and profile control. For success of conformance treatment, it is very important to study the dynamic gelation process of polymer gel, especially in porous media. Based on the systems of HPAM/ phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR), the dynamic gelation process in porous media was studied in an unconsolidated sandpack of the circulating device. The results showed that dynamic gelation time was much longer than static gelation time in ampoule bottle and porous media. With permeability increasing or injected speed decreasing, the dynamic initial gelation time increased but the dynamic initial gelation time varied unconspicuously. In dynamic gelation process, the system of HPAM/ PFR could be injected into in-depth of reservoir more easily. The relationship between permeability and apparent viscosity was in accordance with equation y=a (1-e-bx). The apparent viscosity after dynamic gelation was in contrast with linear velocity of b.
Scouring Cotton Fabric by Water-Extracted Substance from Soap Nut Fruits and Licorice
Authors: Noochuay Antika , Sae-Bae Porntip , Kumphai Pimpawan , Suangtho Siwipha
Published: February 2014

This study used water to extract substances from hulls of soap nut fruits (Sapindus Emarginatus) and licorice root (Glycyrrhizaglabra L.) found in Thailand to remove waxes in cotton scouring process. CMC value from soap nut fruits were found to be 6 mg/ml with surface tension of 54.67 mN/m and can be used as wetting agent when the temperature is lower than 70 °C. CMC value from licorice root was 10 mg/ml with surface tension of 51.50 mN/m and can be used as wetting agent at temperature higher than 95°C. The results exhibited that both substances can be used to remove waxes in cotton scouring process. At the 40% of substance powder by fabric weight, the cotton fabric absorbed water in 5 seconds.
Development of Broadband Ultra Micro-Perforated Panels Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Qian Yu Jie , Cui Ke , Liu Shu Mei , Li Zi Bo , Kong De Yi , Sun Shao Ming
Published: February 2014

Fabrication process of ultra micro-perforated panels (ultra-MPPs) with perforations of diameter below 100 um based on MEMS technology is expatiated in this paper. As a promising alternative to the conventional porous absorbing materials, MPP absorber is now being widely used in noise control engineering. Theory reveals that the maximum sound absorption bandwidth of a single MPP absorber could be achieved by reducing the perforation diameter to a certain limit and the desirable perforation diameters are less than 100um under many circumstances. However, due to the limitation of traditional manufacturing tools and techniques, MPPs with ultra-micro perforations of diameter less than 100um, namely for ultra micro-perforated panel (ultra-MPPs), have seldom been investigated yet. In this study, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology was applied to a trial production of ultra-MPPs and the measurement of their normal absorption coefficients were carried out in the impedance tube. Results show that ultra-MPPs could attain high absorption over a broad frequency range, indicating that as a micro machining process, MEMS technology is suitable for fabricating ultra-MPPs in order to ensure the absorption performance.
Production of Clean Fuel Utilizing the Unsupported Sulfide Catalysts
Authors: An Gao Jun , Xiong Chun Hua , Lu Chang Bo , Liu Ya Wen , Zhou You Jie , Wang Xu Dong
Published: February 2014

The sulfur specification for diesel fuel has been tightened exponentially over the years. In this manuscript, the unsupported Ni-Mo (-W) sulfide hydrotreating catalysts were prepared to produce the clean diesel fuel with ultra-low sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatics contents. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Low Temperature N2Adsorption (BET method), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) were applied to characterize the as-prepared catalysts. The characterization results indicate that the unsupported Ni-Mo (-W) hydrotreating catalyst have high specific surface area, large pore volume, high MoS2or WS2stacking layers, and large MoS2or WS2crystal length. The catalysts were evaluated in the micro-reactor using FCC diesel fuel as the raw material. The evaluation results reveal that the unsupported Ni-Mo (-W) catalysts have excellent hydrogenation performance. Utilizing the unsupported Ni-Mo (-W) sulfide catalysts is an efficient method to produce clean diesel fuel. Keywords: clean fuel; Ni-Mo (-W) sulfide; catalyst; hydrogenation
Wettability of Plasma-Treated Fibers of Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia), Buri (Corypha elata) and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
Authors: Pabeliña Karel G. , Hortezuela Joseph P. , Fallesgon Ruth Mary P. , Ramos Henry J.
Published: February 2014

Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia), Buri (Corypha elata) and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) leaves were plasma-treated using argon, oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) gas under varying discharge currents (5 mA, 10 mA, 20 mA and 30 mA) for 15 minutes. The wettability properties of the plasma-treated samples were investigated using the sessile drop method to determine static contact angles on the surfaces. Based on the results, it was observed that increasing the discharge current in argon and oxygen plasma treatment was found to increase the wettability of the three samples while it decreased the wettability of Pandan and Buri samples for carbon tetrafluoride plasma.
Controlled Synthesis and Processing of a Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Copolymer for Biomedical Use as an Absorbable Monofilament Surgical Suture
Authors: Ruengdechawiwat Sujitra , Somsunan Runglawan , Molloy Robert , Siripitayananon Jintana , Franklin Valerie J. , Topham Paul D. , Tighe Brian J.
Published: February 2014

Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) 75:25 % mol, P(LL-co-CL), was synthesized via bulk ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) using a novel tin (II) alkoxide initiator, [Sn (Oct)]2DEG, at 130°C for 48 hrs. The effectiveness of this initiator was compared withthe well-known conventional tin (II) octoateinitiator, Sn (Oct)2. The P(LL-co-CL) copolymersobtained were characterized using a combination of analytical technique including: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The P(LL-co-CL) was melt-spun into monofilament fibres of uniform diameter and smooth surface appearance. Modification of the matrix morphology was then built into the as-spun fibresvia a series of controlled off-line annealing and hot-drawing steps.
Effect of Stretching during Welding Process on the Weldability of Dissimillar Metals Resistance Spot Welded between Carbon Steel and Low Nickel Stainless Steel
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Sukanto Heru , Muhayat Nurul , Sutiyono Sutiyono
Published: February 2014

Due to the local heating of welding, deformation will occur on the welding structure. To mitigate this deformation, the method called stretching technology was proposed by previous study. In this method, plate was stretched to certain pre-strain, kept in this condition and then welded to another sheet. It can reduce the welding deformation significantly. However, pre-strain will change the properties of joined materials and lead different behavior of welded materials. It will be complicated if dissimilar metals are welded due to different physical and metallurgical properties. Carbon steel SS400 with the thickness of 3.0 mm and 1.0 mm thick-low nickel stainless steel were welded using resistance spot welding (RSW) process with constant electrode pressure and weld time of 6 kN and 5 second respectively. During welding process, low nickel stainless steel was stretched in four different levels pre-strain of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Welding current were varied in the range from 3.02 to 4.20 kA. Microstructure investigations and tensile-shear tests were conducted to evaluate the weldability of RSW joint. Generally, stretching during welding process decreased the fussion zone area of RSW joint. In the low welding current, there is no fussion in the interface of stretched plate, but fussion still occured in the interface of unstretched plate. In all levels of welding current, stretching during welding decreased fussion zone area and led to decrease tensile-shear load bearing capacity of RSW joint.
Analysis of Thin Strip Profile during Asymmetrical Cold Rolling with Roll Crossing and Shifting Mill
Authors: Aljabri Abdulrahman , Jiang Zheng Yi , Wei Dong Bin
Published: February 2014

Strip profile control during rolling is required to assure the dimensional quality of rolled thin strip is acceptable for customers. Throughout rolling, the strip profile is controlled by using the advanced shape control rolling mill, such as the combination of work roll crossing and shifting during asymmetrical rolling, the one of the valuable methods to control the strip profile quality in rolling process. In this paper, the influences of cold rolling parameters such as the crossing angle and axial shifting value of work rolls on the strip profile are analysed. The strip shape control is discussed under both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling conditions. The obtained results are appropriate to control the rolled thin strip profile in practice.
Machinability Assessment of Aluminium-Graphite-Silicon Carbide Hybrid Composites
Authors: Krishnamurthy L. , Shekar G.L. , Budan D. Abdul , Sridhara B.K.
Published: February 2014

Aluminium silicon carbide particulate composites have wide ranging applications in automobile, aerospace and military industries because of their attractive properties such as high strength-to weight ratio, high wear resistance, high temperature stability etc. From the machining point of view, these are one of the most difficult-to-machine materials, primarily due to the presence of SiC reinforcements causing an excessive wear of cutting tools during machining. On the other hand aluminium-graphite composites are widely used in tribological applications because of their excellent antifriction properties, wear resistance and antiseizure characteristics. Investigations have been carried out in this work to assess the machinability of aluminium matrix composites containing both SiC and graphite particulates as reinforcements. Turning experiments have been conducted on Aluminium-Graphite-Silicon Carbide hybrid composites using Carbide and PCD tool inserts to determine the flank wear. Experiments have been carried out based on Central Composite Design approach.
Product Rich in Phosphorus Produced from Phosphorus-Contaminated Water
Authors: Eljamal Osama , Okawauchi Junya , Hiramatsu Kazuaki
Published: February 2014

The study investigates the capacity of different soils and byproduct materials on removal of phosphorus from water. The aim of this study has been drawn to gain a product rich in phosphorus, which can be recycled by the phosphorus industry or may directly be used as a fertilizer. For the development of this phosphorus removal and recovery method, batch and column experiments were carried out in the laboratory scale to evaluate the removal of phosphorus from water under dynamic conditions. Three columns were filled with mixed soils and marble dust and loaded with a phosphorus solution 100 mg/l concentration. The results showed that using the marble dust as adsorbent among other materials could be removing more than 93% of phosphorus from aqueous solution.
Heat-Treated Fe3O4 - Activated Carbon Nanocomposite for High Performance Electrochemical Capacitor
Authors: Ho M.Y. , Khiew Poi Sim
Published: February 2014

The impact of heat treatment temperature on the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4-activated carbon nanocomposite electrodes was investigated using constant current charge-discharge and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). An improved capacitive behaviour was observed due to the effect of enhanced ionic and electronic conductivities of the 4 wt% Fe3O4/AC by thermally heating at 200 °C for 6 hours. It was found that the internal resistance of 4 wt% Fe3O4/AC composite electrode calcined at 200 °C for 6 hours is the smallest (2.97 Ω) in comparison to those untreated (4.36 Ω) composite electrodes. The ion mobility inside the porous composite electrodes is favourable at 200 °C, accompanying with the enhanced electronic conductivity of oxide electrode as a result of improved crystallinity. The EIS results and analysis not only have significant impact on the fundamental understanding of the temperature-dependent structural and electrochemical properties of electrode but also provide the insights on the diffusion mechanism of the nanocomposite in neutral Na2SO3 electrolyte.
Surface Morphology of Transparent Conductive ZnO Film Grown by DC Sputtering Method
Authors: Yoshino Kenji , Tanaka Masaki , Ide Akiko , Boden Stuart A. , Bagnall Darren M. , Yoneta Munoru
Published: February 2014

The growth of (0002) orientated polycrystalline undoped and Ga-doped ZnO films by DC sputtering under Ar is described. The (0002) peak intensity decreases with increasing substrate temperature in both doped and undoped samples. The average grain sizes are very small. This indicates that ZnO films with low crystallinity are obtained at high substrate temperatures. It is deduced that surface damage can be increased by high energy plasmas of neutral Ar particles at high substrate temperatures. The average surface roughness for both undoped and Ga-doped ZnO films decreases with increasing substrate temperatures. It is deduced that energies of sputter particles decrease with increasing substrate temperatures due to collisions with Ar particles. The surface roughness corresponds well to the structure model.
Photoelectrochemical Characterizations of CuInS2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2 Thin Films Fabricated by a Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Ikeda Shigeru , Nonogaki Midori , Septina Wilman , Gunawan Gunawan , Harada Takashi , Matsumura Michio
Published: February 2014

Polycrystalline CuInS2 chalcopyrite thin films were formed on a Mocoated glass substrate by annealing of a spray deposited precursor film in a sulfur atmosphere at 600 °C. Partial incorporation of Ga in the CuInS2 film with a Ga/In ratio of ca. 0.2 to form a Cu (In,Ga)S2 mixed crystal was also prepared. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analyses revealed that the Ga incorporation was effective to modulate electric and semiconductive properties of the chalcopyrite film. As a result, relatively large cathodic photocurrent responses in PEC analyses as well as high photovoltaic properties of a solar cell based on the Cu (In,Ga)S2 film were obtained.
Using High Temperature for Improve Compressive Strength of Ordinary Portland Cement Paste (OPC) – A New Approach
Authors: Namdar Abdoullah , Yahaya Fadzil Mat , Yusoff Mashita Mohd
Published: February 2014

Cement paste was replaced with kaolin-bentonite. The specimens were exposed to elevated temperature for 3 hours in a ceramic furnace and cooled down to room temperature. After cooling, the effect of kaolin-bentonite (particles sized of < 45μm) on hydration, rehydration, surface roughness and compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste were investigated. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to study surface roughness of OPC paste-additive mixture. The application of fire on OPC paste was analyzed. The results showed imposed heat (500 oC for 3 hours) accelerates the hydration process of OPC, and reduces setting time. Increased heat to 1000 oC, leads to zero compressive strength of specimens, the compressive strength of OPC continuously reduces after specimen has fully cooled down. A method for recovery of compressive strength of OPC after offing fire has been suggested. The method of offing fire has important effects on the compressive strength of concrete. The best results for specimen content are cement-kaolin-bentonite paste, exposure to 500 o C, after 90 days of curing, and cooling down in water. In this case the compressive strength has been increased around 60 % compared to not using additive and not exposing to heat.
Prediction of Concrete Compressive Strength by Means of Combined Non-Destructive Testing
Authors: Concu Giovanna , de Nicolo Barbara , Pani Luisa , Trulli Nicoletta , Valdés Monica
Published: February 2014

The problem of estimating mechanical properties of buildings materials is a major issue in civil engineering, especially when dealing with existing structures. In such occasion a valuable help is given by Non Destructive Testings, which allow materials characteristics to be evaluated in a non-invasive way. This paper analyses the efficacy of the SonReb method - a non destructive technique which statistically combines the results of Ultrasonic and Rebound Hammer Testing in predicting concrete compressive strength. The SonReb method has been applied on concrete specimens later on exposed to compressive strength test. The effectiveness of several empirical formulas expressing SonReb results is illustrated and discussed.
Effect of Tackifier on Thermal Oxidation Kinetics and Effective Storage Time of Raw Natural Rubber
Authors: Zhang Bei Long , Huang Hong Hai , Deng Wei Yong , Wang Yong Zhou , Ding Li , Wang Ping Yue
Published: February 2014

The thermal oxidation kinetics of natural rubber containing hydrazine dihydrochloride or hydrazine sulfate used as tackifier were studied, and the effective storage time of natural rubber containing tackifier was predicted with a method of heat accelerated storage aging. The results show that the thermal oxidation activation energy of natural rubber containing hydrazine dihydrochloride is 105.6kJ/ mol, being a little higher than that (104.7 kJ/ mol) of the control. The thermal oxidation activation energy of natural rubber containing hydrazine sulfate is 103.1kJ/ mol, being a little lower than that of the control. The effective storage time of natural rubber containing hydrazine dihydrochloride is 13.4 years at 30°C,27.0years at 25°C, and 55.9years at 20°C. The effective storage time of natural rubber containing hydrazine sulfate is 11.6years at 30°C,23.0 at 25°C, and 46.8years at 20°C.The effective storage times of natural rubber containing two tackifiers hydrazine dihydrochloride or hydrazine sulfate are higher than that of the control at the same condition.
Prediction of Tensile Properties of CNF/Epoxy Composites Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Chen Xing Kai
Published: February 2014

In present study, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the tensile moduli of carbon nanofibers (CNF)/epoxy composites. The tensile properties of CNF/epoxy composites made by different dispersion technique were measured by tensile test. It was found that the tensile properties are seriously affected by the CNF fraction, ultrasonication time and mechanical stirring time. According to the test results, ANN was trained and used to predict the tensile moduli of CNF/epoxy composites. By compared the predicted values with the experimental data, it was demonstrated that the back propagation ANN model is a promising tool for prediction of properties of composites.
Research on a Zinc Flow Cell Prototype
Authors: Pei Yu , Jiang Zhi Hong
Published: February 2014

With the purpose of development of zinc flow cells/batteries, a fundamental study on the cell plate stress distribution, power generation performance and the changes of the internal material before and after the test was carried out in a single zinc flow cell system. The results show that locations between the main channels and the reaction zone area are prone to leakage, the cell power performance is mainly influenced by ohmic losses, the total generating capacity depends on the zinc quantity in the cells and the quantity of electrolyte in the circulatory system, the zinc granule surface becomes more microporous when it comes to the power stage, and the catalytic layer repeated wetting and drying may be the important reason to influence the cycle life. This research is basis for development of higher power and larger capacity zinc flow cell systems.
Study on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Different Parts of Purple Sweet Potato
Authors: Gao Lu , Yuan Yuan , Li Ying Chang , Wei Yin Xia
Published: February 2014

The basic study on activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from different purple sweet potato (PSP) parts was mainly carried out here. The PPO activity and browning degree (BD) of PSP peel were higher than those of inner-tissue and intact sweet potatoes. The relativity between them was positive, and relativity coefficient was 0.9895. The activity of PPO extracted from sliced PSP increased initially and decreased afterwards, with the highest activity of PPO on the third day during storage. And BD increased very quickly as time went by, especially in the first three days. The relativity between PPO activity and BD was negative, and relativity coefficient was-0.8747.
Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Zhao Wen Ning , Liu Xiao Guang , Xue Liang Shuai , Sun Tang You , Wu Xing Hui , Liu Si Si , Ma Zhi Chao , Xu Zhi Mou
Published: February 2014

We report a facile and efficient way to fabricate sensitive substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) via sputtering Au nanoparticles on the surface of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). This substrate could reduce the detection limit of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) to 10-12 M. Moreover, it exhibits excellent reproducibility and the relative standard deviation value of SERS intensity at 616 cm-1 is about 12%. More importantly, it can be scaled up for high-throughput production with low cost and large scale.
Study on the Process of the Reaction Catalyzed by Polyphenol Oxidase from Purple Sweet Potato
Authors: Gao Lu , Zhao Li Chun , Duan Ji Dong , Tao Yan Li
Published: February 2014

The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from fresh purple sweet potato (PSP) by phosphate buffer solution, and spectrophotometry method was applied in the experiment. The process of the reaction catalyzed by PPO with different substrate concentrations and the relationship between enzyme concentrations and PPO activity were mainly studied here. The result showed that the effect of enzyme concentration on PPO activity was stronger than that of substrate concentration on PPO activity.
Progress in the Study of Flame Retardant Home Textiles
Authors: Cai Yong Dong
Published: February 2014

The necessity of flame retardant home textiles are introduced, flame retardant mechanism and processing methods of home textiles are discussed, The evaluation criterion of flame retardant home textiles is concluded, the test standards, including name, application range, test method, main indexes, test principle, can be used for domestic home textiles combustion performance test are streamlined.
Microstructures in Solidification Simulation of Electron Beam Scanning with MC in Molten Pool
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Yi , Wei De Qiang
Published: February 2014

The solidification microstructure of electron beam scanning is important to product performance. The solidification process of molten pool temperature field and 2D simulation mathematical model of grain growth was established based on heat transfer and the physics of growth process of crystal grains. The heat distribution, thermal physical parameters and influence of thermal radiation on the temperature field was considered during the analysis process. The distribution of temperature field was solved by COMSOL. The process of solidification was simulated by using Monte Carlo method. Using optical microscope to observe the solidified microstructure of bath. The simulation results show that the mathematical model can reasonably describe the grain growth process, the temperature field and the simulation of microstructure morphology.
Preparation of Epoxy Grafted Acrylate Composite Latex and its Film Property
Authors: Liu Jian Xun , Bian Feng , Tang Er Jun , Liu Shao Jie , Yuan Miao
Published: February 2014

Epoxy graft acrylate composite latex was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using polymerizable emulsifier. The co-polymer and its structure were characterized by FT-IR and TEM, respectively. The latex particles presented a core-shell structure. The water resistance was investigated and displayed a remarkable result. The corrosion resistance and damping property of the composite latex were evaluated by salt spray cabinet and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) respectively. The results indicated that the film has excellent anticorrosive and damping property. These proved that the composite latex had a prominent application potential on the field of functional metal coatings.
The Rolling Deformation Characteristics of Rail with Corrugated Web
Authors: Ma Jin Hong , Tao Bin , Yao Xiao Han
Published: February 2014

Applying the research result of the whole corrugated web H-beam to rail structure, a new kind of rail structure, the corrugated web rail was generated. The special structure rail was successfully rolled in the Research Mill Institute of Yanshan University. This experiment proved that rolling force of corrugated web rail was greater. Based on the software ANSYS/LS-DYNY, the rolling process of corrugated web rail is simulated. Comparing with rolling traditional rail, nip condition, deformation zone, elongation modulus, zone of slippage on the delivery side and on the entry side of rolling corrugated web rail are analyzed, Through the analysis of the character of rolling corrugated web rail, the reason of greater rolling force is found out.
Structure Optimization of the Housing Fillet Using SA Combined with FEM
Authors: Ma Jin Hong , Tao Bin , Yao Xiao Han
Published: February 2014

The housing fillet of universal mill affects the strengthen and stiffness of mill. It is necessary to optimize the housing fillet. In this paper, the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) combined with finite element method (FEM) , a new kind of structural optimization method is established. MATLAB language is used to compile the program combined the SA with FEM to optimize housing fillet of universal mill. Compared with the zero order and first order optimization method of ANSYS program, the result of this optimal method is better.
Research on Temperature Difference Controlling of Hot Rolling H-Beam
Authors: Ma Jin Hong , Tao Bin , Yao Xiao Han
Published: February 2014

Complex shape of H-beam section and uneven elimination of heat on the section result in too big temperature difference between web and flange. At the same time,as the roller cooling water forms tank on H-beam web, the section temperature difference further increases. Based on finite element analysis software DEFORM-3D, the FEM model of finished product size of H194×150×6×9 is established. Thermo-mechanical coupled method is adopted to simulate the rolling process of H-beam. The cooling water influence on section temperature distribution, equivalent stress and strain distribution is analyzed. The section temperature change characteristic are studied to provide reference for further research.
Controlled Residual Stress Research of H-Beam
Authors: Ma Jin Hong , Yao Xiao Han , Tao Bin , Li Shuo
Published: February 2014

Because of the residual stress of H-beam after hot rolling, the service performance of H-beam is seriously impacted. it is necessary to reduce the residual stress by controlled rolling and cooling process. In this paper, a continuous rolling model of finish product of H200 x 200 x 8 x 12 is set up. The continuous rolling process of H-beam was simulated using the large finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The effect of non-uniform elongation of web with flange and section temperature difference on the residual stress are analyzed. Through metallographic observations, the vary microstructure of rolling piece with residual stress and with no residual stress is analyzed. As can be seen from the finite element analysis and the experimental results, reasonable elongation of flange and web and controlling cooling speed to decrease the sectional temperature difference can reduce the residual stress of H-beam.
Effect of the Ratio between Tension and Bending Vibration Loads on the Fatigue Behavior and Failure Mode of Titanium Alloy TA11
Authors: Ma Nan , Liu Xin Ling , Qiu Zhi Wang , He Yu Huai , Tao Chun Hu , Li Bin
Published: February 2014

This paper studied the effect of the ratio between the axial tensile force and the transversal vibration loads on the fatigue behavior and failure mode of the near alpha titanium alloy TA11, to simulate the service stress state applied on the engine blades, where a large centrifugal force is superimposed with bending vibration loads. The plate-like specimens were used in the fatigue tests by a special testing device which was designed and fabricated in the present research,where the vibration loads were applied by the electro-magnetic exciters. By experiments under various multi-axial fatigue loading cases with different ratios between the axial tensile force and the transversal vibration loads, the fatigue behavior and failure modes were observed and compared. Then, the energy based fatigue criteria were applied for correlation of the test results. The fatigue properties of titanium alloy TA11 under the specialized loading conditions are characterized and discussed. In addition, the experimental observations on the vibration behavior superimposed with different magnitude of axial tensile force are also helpful for understanding the real working conditions of the engine blades.
Calculation and Study on C3H6+ Fragments by Cyclopentanone Ions of the Ring
Authors: Zhu Ying , Chen Hong Bin , Wu Jie
Published: February 2014

Our theoretical study aims to analyze ionization and dissociation mechanism of cyclopentanone in the excited states and gives out a result with proved and directed significance for the corresponding experiments. Using the CIS(Configuration Interaction with Single Substitute) method, and 6-31+G (d, p) basis set, we calculated the frequency of excited state of cyclopentanone ion molecule. Studies on the possible way of obtain C2H+4 small fragments by cyclopentanone ion
Oral Rapid-Dissolving Polymeric Nanoparticles of Acetaminophen Fabricated Using Electrospraying
Authors: Yu Deng Guang , Xu Ying , Luo Jia Qi , Zhao Jin Shuai , Teng Long , Kuang Qi Kun , Wang Xia
Published: February 2014

Rapid-dissolving multiple-component composite nanoparticles of acetaminophen (APAP) fabricated using electrospraying were reported. A series of analyses were undertaken to characterize the resultant nanoparticles in terms of their morphology, physical form of the components and functional performance. A traditional casting film consisting of the same components and compositions was prepared as control. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles had an average diameter of 880 ± 170 nm. X-ray diffraction verified that both the active pharmaceutical ingredients APAP and the sweetener sucralose existed in an amorphous state in the polymer matrix polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 as a result of the second-order interactions between the components, as verified by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra. In vitro dissolution studies showed that the nanoparticles could rapidly release the incorporated APAP within one minute, significantly faster than the casting film and the raw APAP powders. Electrospraying is a highly useful tool for preparation of nanoparticles to enhance the dissolution of poorly water soluble active ingredients and to develop rapid-dissolving drug delivery systems. .