bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave‐function‐based embedding potential for ion‐covalent crystals
Authors: Abarenkov I. V. , Boyko M. A.
Published: November 2015

Many important properties of crystals are the result of the local defects. However, when one address directly the problem of a crystal with a local defect one must consider a very large system despite the fact that only a small part of it is really essential. This part is responsible for the properties one is interested in. By extracting this part from the crystal one obtains a so‐called cluster. At the same time, properties of a single cluster can deviate significantly from properties of the same cluster embedded in crystal. In many cases, a single cluster can even be unstable. To bring the state of the extracted cluster to that of the cluster in the crystal one must apply a so‐called embedding potential to the cluster. This article discusses a case study of embedding for ion‐covalent crystals. In the case considered, the embedding potential has two qualitatively different components, a long‐range (Coulomb), and a short‐range. Different methods should be used to generate different components. A number of approximations are used in the method of generating an embedding potential. Most of these approximations are imposed to make the equations and their derivation simple and these approximations can be easily lifted. Besides, the one‐determinant approximation for the wave function is used. This is a reasonably good approximation for ion‐covalent systems with closed shells, which simplifies the problem considerably and makes it tractable. All employed approximations are explicitly stated and discussed. Every component of generation methods is described in details. The proofs of used statements are provided in a relevant appendix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a suspect and non‐target screening approach to detect veterinary antibiotic residues in a complex biological matrix using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Solliec Morgan , Roy‐Lachapelle Audrey , Sauvé Sébastien
Published: November 2015

Rationale

Swine manure can contain a wide range of veterinary antibiotics, which could enter the environment via manure spreading on agricultural fields. A suspect and non‐target screening method was applied to swine manure samples to attempt to identify veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds for a future targeted analysis method.

Methods

A combination of suspect and non‐target screening method was developed to identify various veterinary antibiotic families using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). The sample preparation was based on the physicochemical parameters of antibiotics for the wide scope extraction of polar compounds prior to LC/HRMS analysis. The amount of data produced was processed by applying restrictive thresholds and filters to significantly reduce the number of compounds found and eliminate matrix components.

Results

The suspect and non‐target screening was applied on swine manure samples and revealed the presence of seven common veterinary antibiotics and some of their relative metabolites, including tetracyclines, β‐lactams, sulfonamides and lincosamides. However, one steroid and one analgesic were also identified. The occurrence of the identified compounds was validated by comparing their retention times, isotopic abundance patterns and fragmentation patterns with certified standards.

Conclusions

This identification method could be very useful as an initial step to screen for and identify emerging contaminants such as veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices prior to quantification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What shapes perceptions of climate change? New research since 2010
Authors: Weber Elke U.
Published: November 2015

Five years ago, an article in the first issue of WIREs Climate Change reviewed the factors that shape perceptions of climate change. Climate change is an abstract statistical phenomenon, namely a slow and gradual modification of average climate conditions, and thus a difficult phenomenon to detect and assess accurately based on personal experience. The current update of the original article—‘new research since 2010’—revisits topics covered in the original contribution: the role of personal experience with climate change, in particular extreme weather events; the effects of psychological distance on climate change perception and action; the effects of political ideology, age, gender, and nationality, and situational influences; and the role of different processing modes in climate change perception and the low level of visceral response (dread) associated with climate change risks. In addition, the current article also addresses new topics since 2010: attribute substitution or the use of weather anomalies—‘local’ warming or cooling—when judging the likelihood of global warming; the effects of different labels for the phenomenon—global warming versus climate change—on perceptions of its likelihood and importance; and the effect and role of uncertainty about different aspects of climate change and its consequences and how it is communicated on perceptions and actions. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:125–134. doi: 10.1002/wcc.377

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
An Introduction to Linguistics
Authors: Poole Stuart C.
Published: November 2015

This lively and wide-ranging textbook provides an invaluable guide to the very nature of language. By covering all major aspects of linguistics - with chapters on semantics (the study of meaning), phonology (the sound systems of languages) and morphology (the structure of words), as well as syntax and social variation - it gives a thorough grounding in the fundamental concepts of language and a practical analysis of its use.

Concise summaries of the areas covered, a variety of texts and topic-related exercises, as well as a helpful glossary, provide further aids to study and revision.
Trends in Prevalence of Thyroid Cancer Over Three Decades: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 17,526 Surgical Patients
Authors: Konturek Aleksander , Barczyński Marcin , Stopa Małgorzata , Nowak Wojciech
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has been increasing in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate our institution‐based estimates of operative volumes for TC over the last three decades.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing thyroid surgery at our institution. Patient characteristics were reviewed in three subgroups: Group I (treated in 1981–1986), Group II (treated in 1987–2002), and Group III (treated in 2003–2012).

Results

TC was diagnosed in 1578/17,526 (9.0 %) thyroid operations. Incidence of TC increased from 3.7 % in Group I to 10.4 % in Group III (p < 0.001). Incidence of papillary TC increased form 40.6 % in Group I to 81.3 % in Group III (p < 0.001). In the latter group, 23.5 % of all papillary TCs were diagnosed in patients with Hashimoto’s disease. Meanwhile, incidence of anaplastic TC decreased from 16.2 % in Group I to 2.1 % in Group III patients (p < 0.001). pT1 tumors were diagnosed in 8.1 % Group I and 54.8 % Group III (p < 0.001), whereas pT4 tumors were identified in 40.5 % Group I, 2.4 % Group II, and 0.84 % Group III subjects (p < 0.001). pT3 tumors were found in 51.6 % Group I, whereas multifocal papillary TCs were found in 15.7 % Group III patients, the latter with a higher prevalence of pN1 stage (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The following trends in surgical volume for TC were identified throughout the study period: a fivefold increase of thyroid operations for TC, a threefold increase in incidence of papillary TC, and an eightfold decrease in incidence of anaplastic TC. It is of interest that a significant increase in incidence of multifocal papillary TC in young female patients with Hashimoto’s disease was found over time.
Survival in Resected Stage II Colorectal Cancer Is Dependent on Tumor Depth, Vascular Invasion, Postoperative CEA Level, and The Number of Examined Lymph Nodes
Authors: Tsai Hsiang‐Lin , Huang Ching‐Wen , Chen Chao‐Wen , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Ma Cheng‐Jen , Wang Jaw‐Yuan
Published: November 2015

Background

The aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of tumor histology influence postoperative early relapse and overall survival rates after radical resection of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Data were collected for 425 patients with stage II CRC who began treatment at a single institution between January 2006 and October 2013. All the enrolled patients were followed up on until death or until December 2014. Clinically significant factors affecting postoperative early relapse and overall survival rates were analyzed.

Results

Using a multivariate analysis, tumor invasion depth (P = 0.008), vascular invasion (P = 0.029), postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = 0.001), and retrieval of less than 12 lymph nodes (P = 0.002) were found to be independent predictors for postoperative early relapse. A combination of tumor invasion depth, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and number of lymph nodes retrieved showed that the greater the number of predictors involved, the higher the likelihood of postoperative early relapse and the poorer the overall survival.

Conclusions

This study revealed that T4 invasion, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and the number of examined lymph nodes may significantly affect the prognosis of stage II CRC patients after radical resection. The risks of postoperative early relapse and worse clinical outcome increase in proportion to the values of these four parameters.
Optimising Breast Conservation Treatment for Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer: A Worthwhile Endeavour?
Authors: Tan Mona P. , Sitoh Nadya Y. , Sitoh Yih Yiow
Published: November 2015

Background

Breast conservation treatment (BCT) is an accepted treatment modality for early breast cancer. However, multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MFMCBC) is a relative contraindication to BCT. This study was performed to compare BCT rates in MFMCBC and unifocal tumours and its outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with breast malignancies who underwent operative treatment between 2009 and 2011. Successful BCT was defined as the ability to obtain clear margins for all tumour foci through a single incision with acceptable resultant cosmesis.

Results

A total of 160 patients were analysed, of which 40 were MFMCBC. Thirty‐four of the 40 patients with MFMCBC underwent BCT (85 %). After a mean follow‐up period of 55 months, there were no local recurrences in patients with MFMCBC.

Conclusion

BCT was achieved in 85 % of the patients with MFMCBC in this cohort without evidence of poorer local control. Further investigation is needed to confirm this finding for its potential contribution to improved survival outcomes.
Liver Exposure Using Sterile Glove Pouch During Laparoscopic Right Liver Surgery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Bin Jin , Binghai Zhou , Sanyuan Hu
Published: November 2015

Background

Although laparoscopy is widely accepted for liver resection, lesions in the posterior and superior segments and deep region in the right lobe are difficult for visualization during laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). In this study, we aim examine the effects of using sterile gloves (SG) pouch padding during LLR.

Methods

Forty‐two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were included in our study. We performed LLR using SG (n = 24, SG group) and without SG during LLR (n = 18, NSG). We also compared the time of various procedures, blood loss, and liver function between the two groups.

Results

We did not observe any major complications or death in all patients. The time of liver parenchyma transection and portal triad clamping in SG group is significantly shorter than those in NSG group (30.29 ± 5.55 vs. 39.00 ± 3.68 min p <. 001 for liver parenchyma transection, 23.00 ± 5.60 vs. 31.60 ± 5.03 min p <. 001 for portal triad clamping). Blood loss in SG group (162.91 ± 90.91 ml) was significantly lower than in NSG group (236.66 ± 101.67 ml p =. 024). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased one day after LLR, and decreased to normal level on day 7 after LLR in both groups.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that a sterile glove pouch could enhance exposure in surgical field, which results in decrease in blood loss and procedure time. More studies with large sample size, large tumor size, and longer follow‐up are needed.
Predicting the distribution of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) through ecological niche modelling with climate, soil, topography and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Ray Debabrata , Behera Mukunda Dev , Jacob James
Published: November 2015

Identifying the factors that contribute to species distribution will help determine the impact of the changing climate on species’ range contraction and expansion. Ecological niche modelling is used to analyze the present and potential future distribution of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in two biogeographically distinct regions of India i.e., the Western Ghats (WG) and Northeast (NE). The rubber tree is an economically important plantation species, and therefore factors other than climate may play a significant role in determining its occurrence. To assist in future planning, we used the maximum entropy model to predict plausible areas for the expansion of rubber tree plantations under a changing climate scenario. Inclusion of elevation, soil and socioeconomic factors into the model did not result in a significant increase in the model accuracy estimates over the bioclimatic model (AUC > 0.92), but their effect was pronounced in the predicted probability scoring of species occurrence. Among various factors, elevation, rooting condition, village population and agricultural labour availability contributed substantially to the model in the NE region, whereas for the WG region, climate was the most important contributing factor for rubber tree distribution. We found that more areas would be suitable for rubber tree plantation in the NE region, whereas further expansion would be limited in the WG region under the projected climate scenario for 2050.
The Cauchy problem on large time for the Water Waves equations with large topography variations
Authors: Mésognon-Gireau Benoît
Published: November 2015

This paper shows that the long time existence of solutions to the Water Waves equations remains true with a large topography in presence of surface tension. More precisely, the dimensionless equations depend strongly on three parameters

\varepsilon ,\mu ,\beta

measuring the amplitude of the waves, the shallowness and the amplitude of the bathymetric variations respectively. In [2], the local existence of solutions to this problem is proved on a time interval of size

\frac{1}{\mathrm{\max }⁡(\beta ,\varepsilon )}

and uniformly with respect to
μ
. In presence of large bathymetric variations (typically

\beta \gg \varepsilon

), the existence time is therefore considerably reduced. We remove here this restriction and prove the local existence on a time interval of size

\frac{1}{\varepsilon }

under the constraint that the surface tension parameter must be at the same order as the shallowness parameter
μ
. We also show that the result of [5] dealing with large bathymetric variations for the Shallow Water equations can be viewed as a particular endpoint case of our result.
CHANGES TO THE NATURAL GAS, CORN, AND FERTILIZER PRICE RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BIOFUELS ERA
Authors: BECKMAN JAYSON , RICHE STEPHANIE
Published: November 2015

The biofuels era brought about changes to the energy and agricultural sectors. For example, the decrease in natural gas prices has led to a weakening of the relationship between fertilizer and gas prices. The other change has been an increase in the demand for fertilizers, which has strengthened the price relationship between these two products. Econometric evidence from this work indicates that after 2008 the relationship between fertilizers and corn prices increased. In addition, results from our work indicate the presence of market power in the ammonia fertilizer sector.
MODELING LONGEVITY RISK WITH GENERALIZED DYNAMIC FACTOR MODELS AND VINE-COPULAE
Authors: Chuliá Helena , Guillén Montserrat , Uribe Jorge M.
Published: November 2015

We present a methodology to forecast mortality rates and estimate longevity and mortality risks. The methodology uses generalized dynamic factor models fitted to the differences in the log-mortality rates. We compare their prediction performance with that of models previously described in the literature, including the traditional static factor model fitted to log-mortality rates. We also construct risk measures using vine-copula simulations, which take into account the dependence between the idiosyncratic components of the mortality rates. The methodology is applied to forecast mortality rates for a population portfolio for the UK and to estimate longevity and mortality risks.
The Legalisation of European Union Foreign Policy and the Use of Sanctions
Authors: CARDWELL Paul James
Published: November 2015

This article explores the legalisation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) and its increasing use of sanctions. It argues that the breadth and depth of the numerous sanctions regimes in place shows that EU foreign policy is not merely an aspiration but produces law and legal processes which share similarities with those in the rest of the EU’s legal order. Further, the article examines the extent to which non-EU Member States in Europe have aligned themselves with EU sanctions. The argument is made that this is evidence not only of Europeanisation, but also crucially of alegalisedforeign policy which has allowed Europe-wide, EU-led foreign policy to emerge.
Localised continental shelf waves: geometric effects and resonant forcing
Authors: Rodney J. T. , Johnson E. R.
Published: November 2015

Alongshore variations in coastline curvature or offshore depth profile can create localised regions of shelf-wave propagation with modes decaying outside these regions. These modes, termed localised continental shelf waves ($\ell$CSWs) here, exist only at certain discrete frequencies lying below the local maximum frequency, and above the far-field maximum frequency, for propagating shelf waves. The purpose of this paper is to obtain these frequencies and construct, both analytically and numerically, and discuss $\ell$CSWs for shelves with arbitrary alongshore variations in offshore depth profile and coastline curvature. If the shelf curvature changes by a small fraction of its value over the shelf section of interest or an alongshore perturbation in offshore depth profile varies slowly over the same length scale then $\ell$CSWs can be constructed using WKBJ theory. Two subcases are described: (i) if the propagating region is sufficiently long that the offshore structure of the $\ell$CSW varies appreciably alongshore then the frequency and alongshore structure are found from a sequence of local problems; (ii) if the propagating region is sufficiently short that the alongshore change in offshore structure of the $\ell$CSW is small then the alongshore modal structure is given in an explicit, uniformly valid form. A separate asymptotic theory is required for curvature perturbations to shelves that are otherwise straight rather than curved. Comparison with highly accurately numerically determined $\ell$CSWs shows that both theories are extremely accurate, with the WKBJ theory having a significantly wider range of applicability. An idealised model for the generation of $\ell$CSWs is also suggested. A localised time-periodic wind stress generates an evanescent continental shelf wave in the far field of a localised mode where the coast is almost straight and the response on the shelf is obtained numerically. If the forcing frequency is close to that of an $\ell$CSW then the wind stress excites energetic motions in the region of maximum curvature, creating a significant localised response possibly far from the forcing region.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF SELF-COMPLEMENTARY VERTEX-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS
Authors: HUANG ZHAOHONG , PAN JIANGMIN , DING SUYUN , LIU ZHE
Published: November 2015

Li et al. [‘On finite self-complementary metacirculants’, J. Algebraic Combin.40 (2014), 1135–1144] proved that the automorphism group of a self-complementary metacirculant is either soluble or has $\text{A}_{5}$ as the only insoluble composition factor, and gave a construction of such graphs with insoluble automorphism groups (which are the first examples of self-complementary graphs with this property). In this paper, we will prove that each simple group is a subgroup (so is a section) of the automorphism groups of infinitely many self-complementary vertex-transitive graphs. The proof involves a construction of such graphs. We will also determine all simple sections of the automorphism groups of self-complementary vertex-transitive graphs of $4$-power-free order.
HYPERTRANSCENDENCE OF -FUNCTIONS FOR
Authors: NAGOSHI HIROFUMI
Published: November 2015

We generalise a result of Hilbert which asserts that the Riemann zeta-function${\it\zeta}(s)$is hypertranscendental over$\mathbb{C}(s)$. Let${\it\pi}$be any irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation of$\text{GL}_{m}(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})$with unitary central character. We establish a certain type of functional difference–differential independence for the associated$L$-function$L(s,{\it\pi})$. This result implies algebraic difference–differential independence of$L(s,{\it\pi})$over$\mathbb{C}(s)$(and more strongly, over a certain field${\mathcal{F}}_{s}$which contains$\mathbb{C}(s)$). In particular,$L(s,{\it\pi})$is hypertranscendental over$\mathbb{C}(s)$. We also extend a result of Ostrowski on the hypertranscendence of ordinary Dirichlet series.
GROUPS OF INFINITE RANK WITH NORMALITY CONDITIONS ON SUBGROUPS WITH SMALL NORMAL CLOSURE
Authors: DE LUCA ANNA VALENTINA , DI GRAZIA GIOVANNA
Published: November 2015

Groups of infinite rank in which every subgroup is either normal or contranormal are characterised in terms of their subgroups of infinite rank.
Attentional bias modification (ABM) training induces spontaneous brain activity changes in young women with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li H. , Wei D. , Browning M. , Du X. , Zhang Q. , Qiu J.
Published: November 2015

Background

Attention bias modification (ABM) training has been suggested to effectively reduce depressive symptoms, and may be useful in the prevention of the illness in individuals with subthreshold symptoms, yet little is known about the spontaneous brain activity changes associated with ABM training.

Method

Resting-state functional MRI was used to explore the effects of ABM training on subthreshold depression (SubD) and corresponding spontaneous brain activity changes. Participants were 41 young women with SubD and 26 matched non-depressed controls. Participants with SubD were randomized to receive either ABM or placebo training during 28 sessions across 4 weeks. Non-depressed controls were assessed before training only. Attentional bias, depressive severity, and spontaneous brain activity before and after training were assessed in both training groups.

Results

Findings revealed that compared to active control training, ABM training significantly decreased depression symptoms, and increased attention for positive stimuli. Resting-state data found that ABM training significantly reduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the right anterior insula (AI) and right middle frontal gyrus which showed greater ALFF than non-depressed controls before training; Functional connectivity strength between right AI and the right frontoinsular and right supramarginal gyrus were significantly decreased after training within the ABM group; moreover, the improvement of depression symptoms following ABM significantly correlated with the connectivity strength reductions between right AI and right frontoinsular and right supramarginal gyrus.

Conclusion

These results suggest that ABM has the potential to reshape the abnormal patterns of spontaneous brain activity in relevant neural circuits associated with depression.
The Boussinesq Debate: Reversibility, Instability, and Free Will
Authors: Michael Mueller Thomas
Published: November 2015

Argument

In 1877, a young mathematician named Joseph Boussinesq presented amémoireto theAcadémiedes sciences which demonstrated that some differential equations may have more than one solution. Boussinesq linked this fact to indeterminism and to a possible solution to the free will versus determinism debate. Boussinesq's main interest was to reconcile his philosophical and religious views with science by showing that matter and motion do not suffice to explain all there is in the world. His argument received mixed criticism that addressed both his philosophical views and the scientific content of his work, pointing to the physical “realisticness” of multiple solutions. While Boussinesq proved to be able to face the philosophical criticism, the scientific objections became a serious problem, thus slowly moving the focus of the debate from the philosophical plane to the scientific one. This change of perspective implied a wide discussion on topics such as instability, the sensitivity to initial conditions, and the conservation of energy. The Boussinesq debate is an example of a philosophically motivated debate that transforms into a scientific one, an example of the influence of philosophy on the development of science.
Gastrointestinal, influenza-like illness and dermatological complaints following exposure to floodwater: a cross-sectional survey in The Netherlands
Authors: DE MAN H. , MUGHINI GRAS L. , SCHIMMER B. , FRIESEMA I. H. M. , DE RODA HUSMAN A. M. , VAN PELT W.
Published: November 2015

Extreme rainfall events may cause pluvial flooding, increasing the transmission of several waterborne pathogens. However, the risk of experiencing clinically overt infections following exposure to pluvial floodwater is poorly estimated. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was performed to quantify the occurrence of self-reported gastrointestinal, influenza-like illness (ILI) and dermatological complaints, and the frequency of visits to the general practitioner (GP), during a 4-week observation period following pluvial flooding at seven locations in The Netherlands. Questionnaires were sent to 817 flooded households, 149 (17%) of which returned the questionnaire reporting information for 199 participants. Contact with floodwater was significantly associated with increased occurrence of gastrointestinal [odds ratio (OR 4·44)], ILI (OR 2·75) and dermatological (OR 6·67) complaints, and GP visits (OR 2·72). Having hand contact with floodwater was associated with gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints, whereas ILI complaints were associated with being engaged in post-flooding cleaning operations and having walked/cycled through floodwater. This study shows that floodwater-associated diseases occur in urban settings following extreme rainfall events in a high-income country. As pluvial floods are expected to escalate in the future due to global climate change, further research is warranted to determine the disease burden of pluvial flooding and to assess the effect of different interventions, including raising awareness among stakeholders.
Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part V: Epidemiological Disaster Research
Authors: Birnbaum Marvin L. , Daily Elaine K. , O’Rourke Ann P.
Published: November 2015

Studies of the health aspect of disasters focus either on the epidemiology of disasters to define the causes and the progression from a hazard to a disaster, or the evaluations of interventions provided during any phase of a disaster. Epidemiological disaster research studies are undertaken for the purposes of: (1) understanding the mechanisms by which hazards evolve into a disaster; (2) determining ways to mitigate the risk(s) that a specific hazard will progress into a disaster; (3) predicting the likely damages and needs of the population-at-risk for an event; and (4) identifying potential measures to increase the resilience of a community to future events. Epidemiological disaster research utilizes the Conceptual, Temporal, and Societal Frameworks to define what occurs when a hazard manifests as an event that causes a disaster. The findings from such studies should suggest interventions that could augment the absorbing, buffering, or/and response capacities to lessen the probability of similar damages occurring from the next event. Ultimately, the use of these Frameworks in studying the health aspects of a disaster will help define what to expect in a specific setting and the standards and best practices upon which education, training, competencies, performance, and professionalization will be built.

BirnbaumML, DailyEK, O’RourkeAP. Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part V: epidemiological disaster research. Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(6):648–656.
FINITELY CONSTRAINED GROUPS OF MAXIMAL HAUSDORFF DIMENSION
Authors: PENLAND ANDREW , ŠUNIĆ ZORAN
Published: November 2015

We prove that if $G_{P}$ is a finitely constrained group of binary rooted tree automorphisms (a group binary tree subshift of finite type) defined by an essential pattern group $P$ of pattern size $d$, $d\geq 2$, and if $G_{P}$ has maximal Hausdorff dimension (equal to $1-1/2^{d-1}$), then $G_{P}$ is not topologically finitely generated. We describe precisely all essential pattern groups $P$ that yield finitely constrained groups with maximal Hausdorff dimension. For a given size $d$, $d\geq 2$, there are exactly $2^{d-1}$ such pattern groups and they are all maximal in the group of automorphisms of the finite rooted regular tree of depth $d$.
Global political legitimacy beyond justice and democracy?
Authors: Erman Eva
Published: November 2015

Despite the broad consensus on the value of political legitimacy in global politics, there is still little agreement on what the specific regulative content of the principles of legitimacy ought to be. Two main paths have thus far been taken in the theoretical literature to respond to the legitimacy deficit in the global domain: one via the ideal of democracy, another via the ideal of justice. However, both have run into problems. The overall purpose of this paper is to examine these two paths in the endeavour to explore the possibilities of a third path, which investigates global political legitimacy (GPL) as a value that is at a basic level distinct from democracy and justice. The paper aims to fulfil two tasks. The conceptual task consists in identifying some characteristics of the concept of GPL that makes it distinct from political legitimacy generally, as well as showing its usefulness for normative theorizing. The normative task is twofold: first, to demonstrate that the value of GPL is reducible neither to democracy nor to justice; and second, to develop the contours of a dual account of GPL, in which both justice and democracy play essential roles.
Asymptomatische Inguinalhernie: Ist eine Operation überhaupt nötig?
Authors: Metzger Jürg
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Das Inkarzerationsrisiko einer Leistenhernie ist gering. Symptomatische Leistenhernienträger sollen operativ saniert werden, da Morbidität und Mortalität kaum relevant sind. Eine konservative Therapie des Leistenbruches gibt es nicht. Bruchbänder sollten heutzutage nicht mehr verschrieben werden. Bei asymptomatischen Leistenhernien kann man primär abwarten, aber es besteht ein hohes Risiko, dass die Patienten im Verlauf symptomatisch werden. Darüber müssen die Patienten informiert werden.
Arbeit und Epilepsie – Fakten und Fantasien
Authors: Dorn Thomas
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Epilepsien tangieren nicht nur wegen der Anfälle, sondern auch wegen möglicher neurologischer, neuropsychologischer und psychiatrischer Begleitsymptome die Arbeitsfähigkeit an einem angestammten Arbeitsplatz bzw. die Wiedereingliederungsfähigkeit. Epileptische Anfälle können durch ihr Potenzial, sowohl beim Betroffenen selbst als auch bei anderen Personen zu Verletzungen zu führen, den Einsatz an einem bestimmten Arbeitsplatz verbieten bzw. einschränken. Die Beurteilung dieses Aspektes setzt zum einen eine genaue Kenntnis der Beschaffenheit dieses Arbeitsplatzes voraus, zum anderen sind aber auch Semiologie und Frequenz der Anfälle zu berücksichtigen. Sowohl die Anfälle als auch die sich auf die Arbeits- und Wiedereingliederungsfähigkeit auswirkenden oben erwähnten Begleitsymptome (z.B. Gedächtnisstörungen, Depressionen etc.) müssen hinsichtlich Prognose und Behandlungsstand gewürdigt werden. Im Rahmen der Schadensminderungspflicht wird vom Patienten erwartet, dass er um die regelmässige Einnahme einer antiepileptischen Pharmakotherapie, allenfalls auch von Psychopharmaka, besorgt ist. Eine epilepsiechirurgische Behandlung ist hingegen nicht als zumutbare Behandlung in diesem Sinne aufzufassen.
Elastic Fibers in Flows
Authors: Lindner Anke , Shelley Michael
Published: November 2015

A common class of fluid–structure interaction problems involves the dynamics of flexible fibers immersed in a Stokesian fluid. In biology, this topic arises in modeling the flagella or cilia involved in microorganism locomotion and mucal transport, in determining the shape of biofilm streamers, and in understanding how biopolymers such as microtubules respond to the active coupling afforded by motor proteins. In engineering, it arises in the paper-processing industry, where wood pulp suspensions can show an abrupt appearance of normal-stress differences, and in microfluidic engineering, where flow control using flexible particles has been explored. Over the past decade, the dynamics of immersed fibers has been studied intensively, particularly by theoretical means, while on the experimental side, recent advances in microfabrication and flow control have led to new insights. In this chapter we survey this work on the dynamics of flexible fibers in flows, including model experiments and the development of specialized numerical methods for simulating fiber dynamics in various flow situations.
Serum protein biomarkers relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma and their detection
Authors: Waidely Eric , Al-Yuobi Abdul-Rahman Obaid , Bashammakh A. S. , El-Shahawi Mohammad S. , Leblanc Roger M.
Published: November 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most recurrent and lethal cancers worldwide.
A novel self-assembled platform for the ratiometric fluorescence detection of spermine
Authors: Tu Jia , Sun Shiguo , Xu Yongqian
Published: November 2015

A novel self-assembled platform where the micelles of a pyrene derivative act as the shell and squaraine (SQ) as the nucleus was constructed for the ratiometric near infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection of urinary spermine with high selectivity.
Highly efficient and durable PtCo alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanofibers for electrochemical hydrogen generation
Authors: Yang TingTing , Zhu Han , Wan Meng , Dong Liang , Zhang Ming , Du MingLiang
Published: November 2015

PtCo/CNFs exhibit extraordinary catalytic activity and durability for hydrogen evolution reaction, even approaching the performance of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, which can be attributed to the alloy structure and the encapsulation of PtCo alloy nanoparticles in CNFs.
Unveiling the peculiar hydrogen bonding behavior of solvated N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: November 2015

After fitting a molecular mechanical force field for imidazol-2-ylidenes, MD simulations revealed carbene–carbene and three-center hydrogen bonds of carbenes. The practical importance of these structures is also highlighted.
High rectification in organic diodes based on liquid crystalline phthalocyanines
Authors: Apostol Petru , Eccher Juliana , Dotto Marta Elisa Rosso , Costa Cassiano Batesttin , Cazati Thiago , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Bock Harald , Bechtold Ivan H.
Published: November 2015

In diode structures, the pronounced rectangular columnar order outbalances the unfavorable planar alignment and leads to excellent rectification behavior.
How strong are the metallocene–metallocene interactions? Cases of ferrocene, ruthenocene, and osmocene
Authors: Vargas-Caamal Alba , Pan Sudip , Ortiz-Chi Filiberto , Cabellos Jose Luis , Boto Roberto A. , Contreras-Garcia Julia , Restrepo Albeiro , Chattaraj Pratim K. , Merino Gabriel
Published: November 2015

An exhaustive exploration of the potential energy surfaces of ferrocene, ruthenocene and osmocene dimers has been performed.
Heterogeneous chemistry and reaction dynamics of the atmospheric oxidants, O3, NO3, and OH, on organic surfaces
Authors: Chapleski Robert C. , Zhang Yafen , Troya Diego , Morris John R.
Published: November 2015

Heterogeneous chemistry of the most important atmospheric oxidants, O3, NO3, and OH, plays a central role in regulating atmospheric gas concentrations, processing aerosols, and aging materials.
Pd–Co3[Co(CN)6]2 hybrid nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and challenge for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides under mild conditions
Authors: Li Ren , Li Ran , Wang Changlai , Gao Lei , Chen Qianwang
Published: November 2015

A simple approach for the synthesis of a Pd–MOF nanocatalyst with high activity for Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides was reported.
Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable?
Authors: Straub Anthony P. , Deshmukh Akshay , Elimelech Menachem
Published: November 2015

We review pressure-retarded osmosis focusing on the net energy extractable from the process and the ultimate viability of various configurations.
Co-catalysis of a bi-functional ligand containing phosphine and Lewis acidic phosphonium for hydroformylation–acetalization of olefins
Authors: Li Yong-Qi , Wang Peng , Liu Huan , Lu Yong , Zhao Xiao-Li , Liu Ye
Published: November 2015

L2 containing a phosphine and a Lewis acidic phosphonium exhibited synergetic catalysis and sequential catalysis for one-pot hydroformylation–acetalization.
Exploring the phase explosion of water using SOM-mediated micro-bubbles
Authors: Roy Basudev , Panja Mayukh , Ghosh Subhrokoli , Sengupta Supratim , Nandy Dibyendu , Banerjee Ayan
Published: November 2015

We study the growth of a homogeneously nucleated micro-bubble amidst convective flows in water superheated close to the critical point.
Direct coating of mesoporous titania on CTAB-capped gold nanorods
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Xu Pengyu , Li Yue , Wu Jian , Xue Junfei , Zhu Qiannan , Lu Xuxing , Ni Weihai
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate a CTAB-templated approach towards direct coating of mesoporous titania on gold nanorods in aqueous solutions.
Microplasma-assisted rapid synthesis of luminescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots and their application in pH sensing and uranium detection
Authors: Wang Zhe , Lu Yuexiang , Yuan Hang , Ren Zhonghua , Xu Chao , Chen Jing
Published: November 2015

We developed a rapid one-step atmospheric-pressure microplasma-assisted method to prepare carbon dots for pH sensing and uranium detection.
Real-time scattered light dark-field microscopic imaging of the dynamic degradation process of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
Authors: Lei Gang , Gao Peng Fei , Liu Hui , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2015

Quantitative real-time monitoring of the dynamic degradation process of NaDDC in neutral and alkaline conditions was performed using a single nanoparticle analysis technique with the aid of dark field microscopic imaging (iDFM).
Spherical nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Hadidi Lida , Davari Elaheh , Iqbal Muhammad , Purkait Tapas K. , Ivey Douglas G. , Veinot Jonathan G. C.
Published: November 2015

Materials based upon porous carbon have gained considerable attention due to their high surface area, electric conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, low density, and availability.
Unexpected electronic perturbation effects of simple PEG environments on the optical properties of small cadmium chalcogenide clusters
Authors: Fukunaga Naoto , Konishi Katsuaki
Published: November 2015

Substantial electronic perturbation effects of simple PEG units were observed when sufficiently long PEG chains affording a polar environment were placed near the inorganic core of Cd10Se4(SR)12.
Protein engineering of a new recombinant peptide to increase the surface contact angle of stainless steel
Authors: Ren X. Y. , Bai X. Q. , Yuan C. Q. , Yang Y. , Xie H. , Cao P. , Ma C. Y. , Wang X. J. , Yan X. P.
Published: November 2015

Biofouling seriously affects the properties and service life of metal materials.
Dual energy transfer controlled photoluminescence evolution in Eu and Mn co-activated β-Ca2.7Sr0.3(PO4)2phosphors for solid-state lighting
Authors: Han Jin , Pan Fengjuan , Zhou Wenli , Qiu Zhongxian , Tang Miao , Wang Jing , Lian Shixun
Published: November 2015

Photoluminescence evolution of a single-composition phosphor for solid state lighting can be realized through a dual energy transfer strategy.
Selective determination of monosodium glutamate (Ajinomoto) in food samples using a potentiometric method with a modified multiwalled carbon nanotube based molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath S. , Alexander Sheeba
Published: November 2015

A molecularly imprinted polymer based on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes was synthesized and used for the determination of MSG in food samples.
Facile synthesis of porous organic polymers bifunctionalized with azo and porphyrin groups
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei , Liu Yunfei , Liu Jun , Luo Yali , Lyu Yinong
Published: November 2015

Azo and porphyrin bifunctionalized porous polymer networks (azo-PPors) with BET surface areas up to 750 m2 g−1 were synthesized via a catalyst-free direct coupling of tetra(4-nitrophenyl)porphyrin and aryl amine monomers.
Structure, luminescence properties and energy transfer behavior of color-adjustable Sr3Gd2(Si3O9)2:Ce3+, Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Liang Yujun , Zhang Mengfei , Tong Miaohui , Li Guogang , Wang Song
Published: November 2015

A series of SGSO:Ce3+, Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors were synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The emission colors can modulate from blue to green and near white due to energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ or Mn2+, which can serve as UV-convertible phosphors.
Carbon-doped titania flakes with an octahedral bipyramid skeleton structure for the visible-light photocatalytic mineralization of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Shi Jian-Wen , Wang Zhenyu , He Chi , Li Guodong , Niu Chunming
Published: November 2015

A novel and unique structure, an octahedral bipyramid skeleton, assembled by three pieces of carbon self-doped TiO2 flakes with exposed {001} facets was successfully prepared for the first time.
Hypervalent diorganoantimony(iii) fluorides via diorganoantimony(iii) cations – a general method of synthesis
Authors: Preda Ana Maria , Raţ Ciprian I. , Silvestru Cristian , Lang Heinrich , Rüffer Tobias , Mehring Michael
Published: November 2015

A new general synthesis method for hypervalent diorganoantimony(iii) fluorides with pendant arm ligands is ​ based on treatment with [Bu4N]F·3H2O of ​ cationic species e.g. [{2-(2′,6′-iPr2C6H3NCH)C6H4}2Sb]+[PF6]− or [{2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4}PhSb]+[SbF6]−.
Disparate roles of solvent extractable lignin and residual bulk lignin in enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweetgum
Authors: Lai Chenhuan , Tu Maobing , Yong Qiang , Yu Shiyuan
Published: November 2015

The roles of solvent extractable lignin and residual bulk lignin in enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel and lignocellulosic biomass were distinguished in this study. The extractable lignin showed the positive effects on enzymatic hydrolysis.
A reciprocal binary mixture of protic/aprotic ionic liquids as a deep eutectic solvent: physicochemical behaviour and application towards agarose processing
Authors: Bharmoria Pankaj , Damarla Krishnaiah , Trivedi Tushar J. , Malek Naved I. , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2015

Apart from structural tuning, the desired properties of ionic liquids (IL) can be achieved through judicious mixing of two or more ionic liquids.
Photoinduced water oxidation by an organic ligand incorporated into the framework of a stable metal–organic framework
Authors: Gong Yun-Nan , Ouyang Ting , He Chun-Ting , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: November 2015

Both the chemical stability and the catalytic efficiency of an organic ligand (TTCA) can be enhanced during the photoinduced water splitting reaction by incorporating it into the framework of a stable MOF.
Engineering the electronic structure of two-dimensional subnanopore nanosheets using molecular titanium-oxide incorporation for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lu Xiuli , Xu Kun , Tao Shi , Shao Zewei , Peng Xu , Bi Wentuan , Chen Pengzuo , Ding Hui , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: November 2015

Regulating the electronic band structure of 2D CN nanosheets via subnanopore engineering.
Soft particles at a fluid interface
Authors: Mehrabian Hadi , Harting Jens , Snoeijer Jacco H.
Published: November 2015

Soft particles can be used as an alternative to rigid particles, to stabilise fluid interfaces in the oil, food, and cosmetic industries. Using molecular dynamics simulations and continuum calculations, it is shown that the shape of soft elastic particles at a fluid interface is not only affected by their Young's modulus, but also strongly depends on their wettability, analogous to liquid droplets.
Cytoskeletal motor-driven active self-assembly in in vitro systems
Authors: Lam A. T. , VanDelinder V. , Kabir A. M. R. , Hess H. , Bachand G. D. , Kakugo A.
Published: November 2015

The last decade of work on biomolecular motor-driven active self-assembly in in vitro systems is reviewed.
Geometric reconstruction of biological orthogonal plywoods
Authors: Aguilar Gutierrez Oscar F. , Rey Alejandro D.
Published: November 2015

A 3D reconstruction procedure for orthogonal plywoods based on projected 2D herringbone patterns with error assessment and validation.
Calculating area of fractional‐order memristor pinched hysteresis loop
Authors: Yu Ya‐Juan , Bao Bo‐Cheng , Kang Hui‐Yan , Shi Min
Published: November 2015

A fractional‐order current‐controlled memristor pinched hysteresis loop area is calculated in this study. The area is divided into two parts: one equals to the half of instantaneous power and the other is the part memory of the memristor. Moreover, two parts of the area are affected not only by the cosine components, but also by the sine components. The voltage of the fractional‐order current‐controlled memristor is no longer an odd function with respect to time and the coefficient of cos(ωt) in its Fourier series is zero. In a closed loop, the average power and the memory rely only on sine harmonics of the voltage. Meanwhile, the power and the memory are related to the order of the fractional‐order derivative.