bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Local Model Calibration with a New GEDI LiDAR Asset on Google Earth Engine Reduces Landsat Forest Height Signal Saturation
Authors: Healey Sean P. , Yang Zhiqiang , Gorelick Noel , Ilyushchenko Simon
Published: September 2020

While Landsat has proved to be effective for monitoring many elements of forest condition and change, the platform has well-documented limitations in measuring forest structure, the vertical distribution of the canopy. This is important because structure determines several key ecosystem functions, including: carbon storage; habitat suitability; and timber volume. Canopy structure is directly measured by LiDAR, and it should be possible to train Landsat structure models at a highly local scale with the dense, global sample of full waveform LiDAR observations collected by NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI). Local models are expected to perform better because: (a) such models may take advantage of localized correlations between structure and canopy surface reflectance; and (b) to the extent that models revert to the mean of the calibration data due to a lack of discrimination, local models will revert to a more representative mean. We tested Landsat-based relative height predictions using a new GEDI asset on Google Earth Engine, described here. Mean prediction error declined by 23% and important prediction biases at the extremes of the range of canopy height dropped as model calibration became more local, minimizing forest structure signal saturation commonly associated with Landsat and other passive optical sensors. Our results suggest that Landsat-based maps of structural variables such as height and biomass may substantially benefit from the kind of local calibration that GEDI’s dense sample of LiDAR data supports.
Investigations into Synoptic Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Coastal Upper Ocean Circulation Using High Frequency Radar Data and Model Output
Authors: Ren Lei , Chu Nanyang , Hu Zhan , Hartnett Michael
Published: September 2020

Numerical models and remote sensing observation systems such as radars are useful for providing information on surface flows for coastal areas. Evaluation of their performance and extracting synoptic characteristics are challenging and important tasks. This research aims to investigate synoptic characteristics of surface flow fields through undertaking a detailed analysis of model results and high frequency radar (HFR) data using self-organizing map (SOM) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. A dataset of surface flow fields over thirteen days from these two sources was used. A SOM topology map of size 4 × 3 was developed to explore spatial patterns of surface flows. Additionally, comparisons of surface flow patterns between SOM and EOF analysis were carried out. Results illustrate that both SOM and EOF analysis methods are valuable tools for extracting characteristic surface current patterns. Comparisons indicated that the SOM technique displays synoptic characteristics of surface flow fields in a more detailed way than EOF analysis. Extracted synoptic surface current patterns are useful in a variety of applications, such as oil spill treatment and search and rescue. This research provides an approach to using powerful tools to diagnose ocean processes from different aspects. Moreover, it is of great significance to assess SOM as a potential forecasting tool for coastal surface currents.
Thermal Infrared and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake
Authors: Zhong Meijiao , Shan Xinjian , Zhang Xuemin , Qu Chunyan , Guo Xiao , Jiao Zhonghu
Published: September 2020

Taking the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquake as a case study, ionospheric disturbances (i.e., total electron content and TEC) and thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies were simultaneously investigated. The characteristics of the temperature of brightness blackbody (TBB), medium-wave infrared brightness (MIB), and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) were extracted and compared with the characteristics of ionospheric TEC. We observed different relationships among the three types of TIR radiation according to seismic or aseismic conditions. A wide range of positive TEC anomalies occurred southern to the epicenter. The area to the south of the Huarong mountain fracture, which contained the maximum TEC anomaly amplitudes, overlapped one of the regions with notable TIR anomalies. We observed three stages of increasing TIR radiation, with ionospheric TEC anomalies appearing after each stage, for the first time. There was also high spatial correspondence between both TIR and TEC anomalies and the regional geological structure. Together with the time series data, these results suggest that TEC anomaly genesis might be related to increasing TIR.
Optical Setup for Error Compensation in a Laser Triangulation System
Authors: Kienle Patrick , Batarilo Lorena , Akgül Markus , Köhler Michael H. , Wang Kun , Jakobi Martin , Koch Alexander W.
Published: September 2020

Absolute distance measurement is a field of research with a large variety of applications. Laser triangulation is a well-tested and developed technique using geometric relations to calculate the absolute distance to an object. The advantages of laser triangulation include its simple and cost-effective setup with yet a high achievable accuracy and resolution in short distances. A main problem of the technology is that even small changes of the optomechanical setup, e.g., due to thermal expansion, lead to significant measurement errors. Therefore, in this work, we introduce an optical setup containing only a beam splitter and a mirror, which splits the laser into a measurement beam and a reference beam. The reference beam can then be used to compensate for different error sources, such as laser beam dithering or shifts of the measurement setup due to the thermal expansion of the components. The effectiveness of this setup is proven by extensive simulations and measurements. The compensation setup improves the deviation in static measurements by up to 75%, whereas the measurement uncertainty at a distance of 1 m can be reduced to 85 μm. Consequently, this compensation setup can improve the accuracy of classical laser triangulation devices and make them more robust against changes in environmental conditions.
Assessing Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover Conversion on Changes in Ecosystem Services Value on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Jiang Wei , Fu Bojie , Lü Yihe
Published: September 2020

The Loess Plateau is not only a critical region that suffers from ecological threats but also a valuable region that provides various fundamental ecosystem services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services to about 8% of the Chinese population. The specific natural environment and extensive human activities have led to substantial land use/land cover changes between 1990 and 2015, such as the decrease in cropland with the increase in forests and grasslands due to the implementation of the Grain for Green Program since 2000 and the expansion of built-up areas with economic development and population growth. However, the effects of these changes on ecosystem service values have not yet been considered. In this study, the approach based on a combination of land use/land cover proxies and benefit transfer is applied to assess ecosystem service value changes resulting from land use/land cover changes in the 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2015 periods. The results reveal that the total value of ecosystem services has been reduced by $6.787 million from 1990 to 2000 and increased by $4.6 million from 2000 to 2015. The elasticity analysis shows that a 1% area conversion has induced average value changes of 1.03%, 0.38% and 0.05% in the three periods, respectively. Elasticity is developed as an indicator for locating unusual changes among different regions and identifying specific needs for ecosystem management.
Exploring Challenges in Space Syntax Theory Building: The Use of Positivist and Hermeneutic Explanatory Models
Authors: van Nes Akkelies , Yamu Claudia
Published: September 2020

The planning and building of sustainable cities and communities yields operational theories on urban space. The novelty of this paper is that it discusses and explores the challenges for space syntax theory building within two key research traditions: positivism and hermeneutics. Applying a theory of science perspective, we first discuss the explanatory power of space syntax and its applications. Next, we distinguish between theories that attempt to explain a phenomenon and theories that seek to understand it, based on Von Wright’s modal logics and Bhaskar’s critical realism models. We demonstrate that space syntax research that focuses on spatial configurative changes in built environments, movement and economic activities can explain changes in a built environment in terms of cause and effect (positivism), whereas historical research or research focusing on social rationality, space and crime or cognition seeks to develop an understanding of the inherent cultural meaning of the space under investigation (hermeneutics). Evidently, the effect of human intentions and behaviour on spatial structures depends on the type of rationality underlying these intentions, which is the focus of this study. Positivist explanatory models are appropriate for examining market rationality in cases that entail unambiguous intentionality and that are associated with a high degree of predictability. By contrast, other kinds of reasoning require a hermeneutic understanding.
Conceptual Scheme Decision Model for Mechatronic Products Driven by Risk of Function Failure Propagation
Authors: Jing Liting , Xu Qingqing , Sun Tao , Peng Xiang , Li Jiquan , Gao Fei , Jiang Shaofei
Published: September 2020

Reliability is a major performance index in the electromechanical product conceptual design decision process. As the function is the purpose of product design, the risk of scheme design is easy to be caused when there is a failure (i.e., function failure). However, existing reliability analysis models focus on the failure analysis of functions but ignore the quantitative risk assessment of conceptual schemes when function failures occur. In addition, design information with subjectivity and fuzziness is difficult to introduce the risk index into the early design stage for comprehensive decisions. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a conceptual scheme decision model for mechatronic products driven by the risk of function failure propagation. Firstly, the function structure model is used to construct the function fault propagation model, so as to obtain the influence degree of the subfunction failure. Secondly, the principle solution weight is calculated when the function failure is propagated, and the influence degree of the failure mode is integrated to obtain the severity of the failure mode on the product system. Thirdly, the risk value of failure mode is calculated by multiplying the severity and failure probability of failure mode, and the risk value of the scheme is obtained based on the influence relationship between failure modes. Finally, the VIKOR (Višekriterijumska Optimizacija i kompromisno Rešenje) method is used to make the optimal decision for the conceptual scheme, and then take the cutting speed regulating device scheme of shearer as an example to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed decision model.
Fifty Years of JC Polyomavirus: A Brief Overview and Remaining Questions
Authors: Atkinson Abigail L. , Atwood Walter J.
Published: September 2020

In the fifty years since the discovery of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), the body of research representing our collective knowledge on this virus has grown substantially. As the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an often fatal central nervous system disease, JCPyV remains enigmatic in its ability to live a dual lifestyle. In most individuals, JCPyV reproduces benignly in renal tissues, but in a subset of immunocompromised individuals, JCPyV undergoes rearrangement and begins lytic infection of the central nervous system, subsequently becoming highly debilitating—and in many cases, deadly. Understanding the mechanisms allowing this process to occur is vital to the development of new and more effective diagnosis and treatment options for those at risk of developing PML. Here, we discuss the current state of affairs with regards to JCPyV and PML; first summarizing the history of PML as a disease and then discussing current treatment options and the viral biology of JCPyV as we understand it. We highlight the foundational research published in recent years on PML and JCPyV and attempt to outline which next steps are most necessary to reduce the disease burden of PML in populations at risk.
Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Mohammad M. , El Zowalaty Mohamed E. , Islam Ariful , Rahman Md. M. , Chowdhury Md. N. U. , Nine Hatem S. M. Z. , Rahman Md. K. , Järhult Josef D. , Hoque Md. A.
Published: September 2020

Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in Bangladesh. To screen for AIV in captive birds to assess potential public health threats, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two safari parks and one zoo in Bangladesh for four months, from November to December 2013 and from January to February 2014. We collected blood samples, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs from 228 birds. We tested serum samples for AIV antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and AIV sero-subtype H5, H7, and H9 using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Swab samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Across all the samples, AIV antibody prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–14.2, n = 228) and AIV HA subtype H5, H7 and H9 sero-prevalence was 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228), 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228) and 6.6% (95% CI: 3.72–10.6, n = 228), respectively. No AI viral RNA (M-gene) was detected in any swab sample (0%, 95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228). Birds in the Safari park at Cox’s Bazar had a higher prevalence in both AIV antibody prevalence (13.5%) and AIV H9 sero-prevalence (9.6%) than any of the other sites, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among eight species of birds, Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) had the highest sero-positivity for both AIV antibody prevalence (26.1%) and AIV H9 prevalence (17.4%) followed by Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) with AIV antibody prevalence of 18.2% and AIV H9 prevalence of 11.4%. Our results highlight the presence of AI antibodies indicating low pathogenic AIV mingling in captive birds in zoos and safari parks in Bangladesh. Continuous programmed surveillance is therefore recommended to help better understand the diversity of AIVs and provide a clear picture of AI in captive wild birds, enabling interventions to reduce the risk of AIV transmission to humans.
Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in Piggeries in the Center, South and South-West of Cameroon
Authors: Ngu Ngwa Victor , Abouna Abdelrazak , Zoli André Pagnah , Attili Anna-Rita
Published: September 2020

African Swine Fever (ASF) is enzootic in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the center, south and south-west regions of Cameroon in order to determine: the knowledge, skills and practices at risk of pig breeders; the prevalence of the disease in piggeries; the genome of the circulating virus. A total of 684 blood samples were collected in 209 farms for RT-PCR and ELISA analyses at the National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET) annex in Yaoundé. Prevalences of 15.2% (95CI: 12.5–17.9%) by ELISA, 23.8% (95CI: 20.6–27.0%) by RT-PCR, and 15.2% (95CI: 12.5–17.9%) by ELISA-PCR, were recorded. Of the farmers surveyed, 90% knew about the ASF and 55.3% have already experienced it. The 47.4% of them would not be able to recognize ASF if it occurred and, according to them, the risk of the disease introduction in farms would be 32% linked to the animal health personnel who work on farms. Molecular characterization revealed that only ASF genotype-I variable 19T-RSs is circulating. ASF is still hovering at a risky rate over the pig sector of Cameroon. The control of ASF needs an epidemiological surveillance, a better involvement of all stakeholders, sensitization of breeders and an effective State support for producers.
Productive and reproductive traits of cows of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds
Authors: Valitov Kh. , Karamaev S. , Kornilova V. , Frolkin A.
Published: September 2020

A comparative analysis of productive, reproductive and technological traits of cows of Red Steppe and Black-and-White breeds has been carried out under the conditions of peasant farm “PF Ershov” in the Buguruslansky district in the Orenburg region. It has been established as a result of researches that heifers of Red Steppe breed have been effective inseminated by 0,4 months earlier and had live weight more by 18 kg or 3,6 % than herdmates of Black-and-White breed. Animals of Red Steppe breed had a slight advantage over Black-and-White breed in terms of milk yield and fat content. Cows of Red Steppe breed have a higher coeffi cient of lactation constancy. The advantage of cows of Red Steppe breed over Black-and-White first calves was 2,4 %. The advantage of mature lactation of Red Steppe cows over Black-and-White breed was only in the average daily milk yield by 1,2 kg or 5,1 %. Udder in animals of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds had a uniform development of the front and rear parts and in absolute terms (42,5–44,3 %) met the requirements of machine milking. In animals of Red Steppe breed the duration of the open days period was on average 12–28 days shorter depending on calving and corresponded to the indicators of highly productive cows. The coefficient of reproductive ability of first-calving cows of Red Steppe breed was 0,87, which is 0,05 higher than in Black-and-White cows; at the second calving – 0,88, which is 0,03 higher than Black-and-White herdmates. Thus, animals of Red Steppe breed on productive and reproductive traits have superiority over herdmates of Black-and-White breed that is explained by their adaptation to local conditions of feeding and housing.
The wild plants of Scotia Illustrata (1684)
Authors: Raye Lee
Published: September 2020

Scotia Illustrata was published in 1684 and contains a section (II:1) describing 662 ‘naturally occurring plants of Scotland’. This paper sets out to identify and discuss the species in the text. It was possible to identify 652 species from the text and 396 could be securely identified. Most of these are species which are widespread today, but there are some important exceptions. Three arable weeds are mentioned which now seem to be extinct in Scotland: Lolium temulentum, Scandix pecten-veneris and Euphorbia exigua. There are also references to one possibly-extinct river species (Sium latifolium), and one coastal species (Centaurea calcitrapa). Two species, now rare in Scotland, are described in the text as species widespread on roads: Cynoglossum officinale and Hyoscyamus niger.
Ordu İlinde Bruselloz Sıklığının Araştırılması: Beş Yıllık Değerlendirme
Authors: ALTUNÇEKİÇ YILDIRIM Arzu , ÇETİNKOL Yeliz
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Bruselloz tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen ve halk sağlığı açısından problem yaratmaya devam eden bir zoonozdur. Görülme sıklığı ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri ile ters orantılıdır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ciddi veri eksikliklerine rağmen varlığını endemik şekilde sürdürdüğü görülmektedir. Ülkemizde yapılan seroprevalans çalışmaları bruselloz oranını %1,3 ile %26,7 arasında bildirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ordu ilinde bruselloz sıklığına yönelik herhangi bir veri olmadığından ilimizdeki durumun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: 2014-2018 yılları arasında Ordu Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi poliklinik ve servis hastalarından bruselloz şüphesiyle alınarak laboratuvarımıza gönderilen 2500 serum örneği retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tanı amacıyla Rose Bengal testi ve Coombs aglütinasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Coombs aglütinasyon testi 1/320 ve üzeri ise anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bruselloz ön tanısı ile değerlendirilen 2500 örneğin 375’inde (%15) Rose Bengal testi pozitif saptanmıştır. Örneklerin 305’inde (%12) ise Coombs aglütinasyon testi anlamlı değer olan 1/320 ve üzerinde pozitif saptanmıştır. Değerlendirilen yıllar içerisinde en düşük oran 2016 yılında %6,3 olarak saptanmış, 2018 yılında ise %18 pozitiflik izlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Ülkemizde endemik olmaya devam eden bir zoonoz olan bruselloz ilimizde, ülkemizdeki pek çok ile göre daha yüksek oranlarda olup klinik yakınmaların uyumlu olduğu hastalarda tanıda akılda tutulmalıdır. Hayvancılık ve süt ürünleri üretimi faaliyetleri ilimizde yoğun olup sonuçlarımız Ordu ilinden bildirilen ilk verilerdir
Yeni Zelanda'da Covid 19’a Bakış Açısı
Authors: ÇAKIR Aylin , GEMLİK Nilay
Published: September 2020

COVID-19, 2019’un aralık ayında Çin’in Vuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan, solunum yolu belirtileri ile gelişen ve dünya genelini etkisi altına alan salgın bir hastalıktır. Dünya çapında pek çok ülkeyi etkilemesi ve bulaş hızının yüksek olması sebebiyle ülkeler çeşitli tedbirler almak durumunda kalmıştır. Doğru tedbirlerin alınması ise hastalıkla mücadele konusunda önem teşkil etmektir. Küresel düzeyde hızla yayılım gösteren koronavirüs nedeniyle her ülkenin önlemler alarak virüsün yayılmasının önüne geçmesi bu noktada önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu makalede koronavirüsün genel özellikleri, epidemiyolojisi, inkübasyon süresi, klinik özellikleri, bulaş yolu, temel vaka üreme sayısı ve fatalite hızı incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda COVİD-19 ile mücadele eden Yeni Zelanda’nın, uygulamış olduğu eylem planları, hızlı vaka tespitiyle temas takibi ve erken uyarı sistemi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, güncel veriler ve literatür ışığında koronavirüsü genel olarak incelemekle beraber koronavirüsün yayılışına etki eden faktörleri ortaya koymak ve Yeni Zelanda’nın koronavirüsle nasıl başa çıktığını, bu süreçte ne gibi planlar uyguladığını ve bu planların vakalar ile hastalığın yayılışına nasıl etki ettiğini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Ультразвукові параметри печінки та показники портальної гемодинаміки при коморбідності неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки з артеріальною гіпертензією
Authors: Prosolenko K.O.
Published: September 2020

Об’єктом дослідження були 269 пацієнтів, які входили у три групи: група І – пацієнти з коморбідністю НАЖХП та ГХ ІІ стадії, 2 ступеню (121 пацієнт), група ІІ – пацієнти з коморбідністю НАЖХП та РПАГ ІІ стадії, 2 ступеню (88 пацієнтів), група ІІІ – пацієнти з НАЖХП (60 пацієнтів). Вік пацієнтів складав від 18 до 66 років. Середній вік пацієнтів становив (48,07±10,81) року. Контрольна група – 20 здорових осіб аналогічної вікової категорії чоловічої та жіночої статі. Для оцінки стану печінки використовували ультразвуковий метод дослідження на ультразвуковій діагностичній системі „GE”, США. За нашими даними, показники кровотоку у портальній вені погіршуються як у пацієнтів з НАЖХП так і її коморбідністю з ГХ або РПАГ. Індекс резистивності загальної печінкової артерії знижується у більшій мірі у пацієнтів з НАЖХП та її коморбідністю з ГХ або РПАГ порівняно як з хворими з ізольованою НАЖХП, так і з групою контролю. Пульсаційний індекс загальної печінкової артерії достовірно не відрізняється від хворих з коморбідністю та ізольованою НАЖХП, але достовірно перевищує показник у групі контролю. Це також свідчить про наявність порушень у системі артеріального печінкового кровотоку у досліджених хворих. Різниця між показниками портальної гемодинаміки відсутня при коморбідності НАЖХП з ГХ та коморбідності НАЖХП з РПАГ. Отриманні дані свідчать про те, що наявність коморбідності з ГХ або РПАГ у пацієнтів з НАЖХП, погіршує стан портального кровотоку, що може впливати на перебіг захворювання.
Гендерні аспекти сприйняття психосоціальної підтримки у пацієнтів на різних етапах перебігу онкологічного захворювання
Authors: Krivonis T.G.
Published: September 2020

На основі інформованої згоди було обстежено 286 онкологічних пацієнтів, з них: 174 жінки та 114 чоловіків. Хворих досліджували на різних етапах лікувального процесу, а саме: при першому зіткненні з захворюванням – 78 осіб жіночої та 51 особа чоловічої статі, та при поверненні хвороби чи її рецидиві – 96 осіб жіночої та 63 чоловічої статі. У жінок та чоловіків з онкологічним захворюванням прогресування хвороби спричиняло зниження показників, які характеризують психосоціальну підтримку та було викликано як суб’єктивними (особливості сприйняття), так і об’єктивними факторами (зростання потреб хворих і вимог до допомоги). Показники психосоціальної підтримки у жінок були кращими, ніж у чоловіків. Рівень психосоціальної підтримки суттєво відрізнявся залежно від рівня сімейної адаптації родини
RELACIÓN DE LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE MARSHALL EN LA EVALUACIÓN DE PACIENTES CON TRAUMATISMO CRÁNEO-ENCEFÁLICO.
Authors: MUÑANTE-APARCANA JORGE
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El TEC constituye un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo, no solo por su magnitud como también por afectar a jóvenes en edad productiva. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica es generar conocimiento sobre la relación de la clasificación de Marshall en la evaluación de pacientes con TEC. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de búsqueda bibliografía y se ha realizado en Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, bibliotecas de universidades nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: Se observó que la media fue entre 35 y 46 años. La mayoría eran adultos jóvenes masculino entre el 60% y el 80%. El principal mecanismo de trauma fueron caídas 48%. La severidad del TEC, según la escala de coma de Glasgow se encontró frecuencias variadas con rangos similares: TEC leve entre 40% al 70%, TEC moderado del 20% al 40% y TEC severo alrededor del 10%. La distribución de los hallazgos tomográficos en adultos con TEC según escala de Marshall fué: Lesión difusa tipo I (53.87%) (8%-60%), Lesión difusa tipo II 21% (16%-26%); lesión difusa tipo III 8,5% (9.7%-18.3%); lesión difusa tipo IV 8,5% (4.98%-12%); lesión focal no evacuada 2.6% (0.51%-4.66%). Conclusion: La mayor parte de pacientes fueron adultos jóvenes y varones. El TEC leve fue el más prevalente. Según la clasificación de Marshall, la lesión difusa tipo I, II fueron las más frecuentes. La clasificación tomográfica de Marshall se relacionan significativamente con el pronóstico para predecir la recuperación de los pacientes con TEC.
La gestión educativa universitaria venezolana: un planteamiento desde la acción transcompleja
Authors: Yovera Yecerra José Luis
Published: September 2020

La gerencia educativa universitaria es trascendental para el desarrollo de políticas públicas que emergen desde la acción del ente encargado y desde la perspectiva de los actores involucrados, será prolifera de acciones que garanticen el logro académico, meta primordial de las instituciones universitarias que obedecen a políticas centradas en la formación del ciudadano capaz de afrontar tareas y trabajos específicos de acuerdo al perfil de egreso al cual se formó, sin embargo el trasfondo de dichos logros trasciende desde la interacción inter y transdisciplinar que el gerente debe propiciar para el logro satisfactorio de los objetivos prometidos, donde lo importante sea las contribuciones positivas al actor involucrado. El objetivo del articulo es de indicar aspectos resaltantes para la gestión educativa desde la acciones transcomplejas del transgerente, definido por Rodríguez (2017), se usó la Deconstrucción como transmétodo transcomplejo inédito de Rodríguez (2019). Es importante señalar que la interrelación que debe coexistir con las instituciones que son campo de aplicación de las carreras que se administran en las universidades, deben cooperar para la formación integral del estudiante y deben estar guiadas por el encargado de gerenciar los espacios académicos, permitiendo una interacción multidisciplinar que converja en la generación de acciones propicias para fomentar la acción pedagógica. Las características de una gestión transcompleja debe impulsar la formación desde los diferentes ámbitos de aplicación universitaria, a saber, la investigación y la formación permanente; la extensión universitaria y el compartir de saberes y la docencia con una visión transdisciplinaria.
Violence against children/adolescents west of Santa Catarina
Authors: Hanauer M. C. , Grasel I. , Madureira V. S. F.
Published: September 2020

To characterize violence practiced against children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Catarina. Exploratory-descriptive quantitative study, developed in a municipality in the west of Santa Catarina, from November 2011 to November 2012, collected data on the cases of violence filed at the Forum of the District of this municipality, totaling 1774 cases. Of the total analysis, 5% refers to violence against children and adolescents, sex crimes 25% female, offer / sell alcoholic beverages stood out age group of 11-15 years, aggressors highlighted male subjects 15-19 years, low level of schooling and no relationship to the victim, place of crime resided the victim's residence and as to the outcome most crimes were filed. Violence often goes unnoticed in the eyes of society, leaving the victims unprotected. Within this expectation it can be evidenced that any type of violence has damages in the healthy development of children and adolescents, damaging periods of life that require more attention.
Potentials and challenges in making silages using tropical forages
Authors: Anjos A. J. , Coutinho D. N. , Freitas C. A. S. , Macêdo A. J. S. , Sena H. P. , Mata e Silva B. C. , Oliveira G. M. , Raimundi T. A. J.
Published: September 2020

The cattle breeding in Brazil is almost entirely from pasture based systems, a fact that justifies the inconsistent production of meat and milk during the different seasons of the year. This inconsistency is manly derived from the productive seasonality of forages, and the ensiling of tropical grasses is a practice of great relevance for equating the balance between demand and forage supply. The use of grasses in the form of silage has advantages such as the extensive area availability, high productivity and greater management flexibility when compared to the traditional forages used for this purpose. However, problems related to the ensiling process, such high moisture content at the ideal cutting time, high buffering capacity, low content of soluble carbohydrates and undesirable fermentation profile contribute to the low use of these grasses in the form of silage. However, research results have shown a good quality of these silages, when the appropriate techniques are adopted during the ensiling process. This review aims to demonstrate the main advantages and hindrances for silage of tropical forage grasses.
The role of investigative media in monitoring the corruption issues and promoting a culture of integrity in Iraqi society.
Authors: خلف القيسي صلاح ساهي
Published: September 2020

The research aimed to identify the role of investigative media in monitoring corruption issues, promoting a culture of integrity in Iraqi society, and monitoring the functions of investigative media that deal with corruption issues.
The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, the researcher used a survey method (questionnaire) for data collection, and the sample was selected in incidental way of 70 items, the the most important results were:
1. The investigative media contributes to the maintenance of the job system, public money, and good dealing with citizens and give the awareness.
2. Investigative media has a realistic character through discussion the issues and the events; and follow them continuously, and has the ability of explanation and clarification, accuracy and credibility of the issues dealt with.
3. There are professional, financial, psychological and social pressures related to investigative media work.
4. The most corruption issues that are difficult for the investigative media to investigate are misappropriation of public funds. files of the Integrity Commission, monopoly and sale of positions, election rigging and manipulation of goods prices.
5. The most prominent solutions are enactment of new laws relating to the protection of investigative journalists and enable them carry out their work, and provide legal and institutional protection for the surveyors.
6. There are high of statistical differences of the respondents according to gender and years of service, while variables (age, academic achievement) have a medium and low value.
The role of the performance management system in improving the quality of the banking marketing service
(A practical study in the commercial banks of the governorate of Dhi Qar and Muthanna)
Authors: عبد الرضا الكنزاوي غيث , منخي كشيش أحمد , عباس العطار حيدر
Published: September 2020

The research aims to harness the role of the performance management system in financial institutions to achieve its goals by relying on the general framework of the quality of banking marketing services and analyzing the reality of performance management in banking institutions and the prospects for developing the quality of the banking service.
To achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire prepared for scientific preparation and court was prepared by the holders of specialists from the title of professor and assistant professor, where they were distributed to commercial banks in each of the provinces of Dhi Qar and Muthanna and by (10 banks) where (55) forms were distributed and retrieved from them ( 53) It was statistically analyzed according to the spss system. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are
A- Commercial banks need special marketing efforts in order to further improve the quality of banking services by supporting them with human cadres who have professional service and experience.
B- The rationale for adopting the standards of the performance management system in the commercial banking environment is available due to the increase in the number of commercial banks and their openness to global markets
So the researchers reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are;
A- The necessity of supporting commercial banks from the human cadres who have known professional service and expertise that contribute to the process of developing the banking marketing services.
B- Spreading investment awareness about commercial banks through media channels and social media in order to attract new clients and customers.
Erupsi Gigi Insisivus Pertama Permanen Rahang Bawah Berdasarkan Letak Geografis Pesisir Pantai dan Pegunungan Di Kabupaten Pacitan
Authors: Putri Ayun Inesta , Marjianto Agus , Hidayati Sri
Published: September 2020

Background: The problem in this study is the difference in the eruption of the mandibular first permanent incisor based on the geographical location of the coast and mountains of Pacitan Regency. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the eruption of mandibular first permanent incisors based on the geographical location of the coast and mountains of Pacitan Regency. Methods:This type of research is analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were some students at elementary schools in coastal areas, namely Ngadirojo and Pacitan districts, and elementary schools located in mountainous areas, namely Tulakan and Tegalombo districts, with a minimum sample size of 111 children. The method used for data collection is the method of observation and documentation. The analysis technique used is the chi-square data analysis technique with α = 0.05. Result:The results showed that the data normality test for the mandibular first permanent incisor (31.41) both in mountainous and coastal areas was 0.000 so that sig ≤ 0.05, which indicates that the data is not normal. The chi-square test of dental element 31 shows a sig value of 0.005 so that sig ≤ 0.05 and tooth element 41 a sig value of 0.003 so that sig ≤ 0.05. This means that H1 is accepted, namely that there is a difference in the eruption of the mandibular first permanent incisor based on the geographical location of the coastal and mountainous areas of Pacitan Regency.
Erupsi Gigi Molar Pertama Permanen Berdasarkan Letak Geografis Pesisir Pantai dan Pegunungan di Kabupaten Pacitan
Authors: Koenela Cahya Rachmatuloh , Marjianto Agus , Prasetyowati Silvia
Published: September 2020

Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu ketidaksesuaian kecepatan erupsi gigi di wilayah pesisir pantai dan pegunungan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan erupsi gigi molar pertama permanen rahang atas dan bawah berdasarkan letak geografis pesisir pantai dan pegunungan Kabupaten Pacitan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian siswa pada SD di daerah pesisir pantai yaitu Kecamatan Ngadirojo serta  SD yang terletak di daerah pegunungan yaitu Kecamatan Tulakan dan dengan jumlah minimal sampel 111 anak. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data yaitu metode observasi dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisa yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis data chi-square dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terdapat perbedaan waktu erupsi gigi molar pertama permanen rahang atas dan bawah berdasarkan letak geografis  daerah pesisir pantai dan pegunungan Kabupaten Pacitan.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and transient elastography
Authors: Mikolasevic Ivana , Lukic Andela , Juric Toni , Klapan Mia , Madzar Petra , Krolo Nikola , Kolovrat Doris , Jurica Ivanka , Kedmenec Iva , Kihas Domagoj , Ilovaca Doris , Erstic Ivan , Haralovic Vanda , Cavlina Danijel , Dejhalla Ema , Erdeljac Danijela , Vukalovic Benjamin , Skenderevic Nadija , Milic Sandra
Published: September 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious condition that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and all of its components. According to data, around 25-30% of population has NAFLD. Giving the growing incidence of MetS, obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, NAFLD related terminal-stage liver disease is becoming prevailing indication for liver transplantation. In order to prevent terminal stage of this disease, it is crucial to determine those that are in risk group, to modify their risk factors and monitor their potential progression. In the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease, the prime diagnosis of NAFLD in daily clinical practice includes anamnesis, laboratory results (increased levels of aminotransferases and gammaglutamil transferases) and imaging methods. The biggest challenge with NAFLD patients is to differentiate simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and detection of fibrosis, that is the main driver in NAFLD progression. The gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis still remains the liver biopsy (LB). However, in recent years many noninvasive methods were invented, such as transient elastography (TE). TE (FibroScan®, Echosens, Paris, France) is used for diagnosis of pathological differences of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Investigations in the last years have confirmed that elastographic parameters of steatsis (CAP) and fibrosis (LSM) are reliable biomarkers to non-invasively assess liver steatosis and fibrosis respectively in NAFLD patients. A quick, straightforward and non-invasive method for NAFLD screening in patients with MetS components is TE-CAP. Once diagnosed, the next step is to determine the presence of fibrosis by LSM which should point out high risk patients. Those patients should be referred to hepatologists. LB may be avoided in a substantial number of patients if TE with CAP is used for screening.
Response of Local Potato Cultivars to Late Blight Disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) under Field Conditions
Authors: Pandit Rishav , Bhatta Ravi , Bhusal Pooja , Acharya Basistha , Subedi Subash , Shrestha Jiban
Published: September 2020

Developing host resistance is an economic and long-term approach to disease management; however, resistance reactions that differ depending on the genotypes. Potato late blight is the devastating disease caused due to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.  In order to identify late blight resistance in potato genotypes, seven local potato cultivars (Bardiya Rato Local, Bardiya Seto Local, Cardinal, Deukhuri Rato Local, Deukhuri Seto Local, Kailali Local and Khumal Ujjowal) were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during October 2018 to January 2019 on naturally infested soils in Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal. Results showed that significantly the highest disease incidence (99.17%), and the highest disease severity (88%) were found on Cardinal followed by Deukhuri Rato Local (64%), and Deukhuri Seto Local (60%). Potato cultivar namely Khumal Ujjowal was moderately resistant, whereas Deukhuri Rato local and Deukhuri Seto Local were susceptible to late blight disease. Significantly the highest yield (12.67 t ha-1) was produced by Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local (10.78 t ha-1) and Bardiya Seto Local (9.40 t ha-1). The disease incidence and Area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) value was negatively co-related with the tuber yield. The potato cultivar Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local were found moderately resistant to late blight disease in Deukhuri conditions. This study suggests that potato cultivar Bardiya Rato Local can be grown for higher tuber production in Dang and similar topographic regions.
A Review: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] and K13 Polymorphism
Authors: Ahmad A , Ahmad S
Published: September 2020

Malaria is caused by four plasmodium species in humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale) which spread from one person to another via the bite of female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum causes most deaths from malaria [1] and is most prevalent on the African continent whereas P. vivax has a wider geographical distribution [2]. According to the latest WHO estimates, released in December 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria in 2015 and 438,000 deaths [3]. Existing strategies to control malaria include vector control, chemoprevention and case management [4]. Without a fruitful antibody that would offer security against malaria, we have to depend on anti-malarial prescription to treat just as lessen the odds of getting the disease [5-8]. Artemisinin in mix with other moderate acting medications is suggested for the treatment of P. falciparum [9,10].
Effect of Hyoscine Butylbromide in Shortening the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor in Term Pregnant Women
Authors: Kinyina Alen , Chamos Sarah , Lyimo Glorialoveness S
Published: September 2020

Various studies revealed that what matters for women during labour is short duration painless labour which results to better birth outcome. Various drugs and methods used to hasten labour both traditionally and in modern obstetrics to minimize the risks of prolonged labour. To assess the effects of Hyoscine Butylbromide in shortening active phase of the first stage of labour in term pregnant women. This study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial comparing two groups of 200 term pregnant women, where by the intervention group received 20mg of hyoscine butylbromide intravenously while the control group received 1ml normal saline via the same route during the active phase of labour with cervix dilatation confirmed to be 4-5 centimeters. The progress of labour for both groups was closely monitored and documented according to the principles of active management of labour. Both women and birth attendants were blinded on the contents of the syringes. The mean rate of cervical dilatation in cm per hour in hyoscine group was 2.6±0.9 and in normal saline was 1.8±0.8 the mean difference was statistical significance (p=<0.05). The duration of the active phase of the first stage of labour was shorter in hyoscine group (190.1±128.9) minutes compared to 266.8±123.2 minutes of normal saline group (P=0.001). The characteristics of women including mean age, gestational age and parity were similar in both groups. The Apgar score of hyoscine group and normal saline group were similar and the differences were not statistically significant. Hyoscine butylbromide is effective drug in shortening the active stage of the first stage of labour in term pregnant women. The drug has no effect during the second and the third stage of labour and no obvious adverse effect to mothers and newborn.
En defensa de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo del INE: una mirada desde la macroeconomía
Authors: Valdés Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

A partir de comparaciones de los resultados de las encuestas de empleo del INE y de la Universidad de Chile, y de estimaciones de la Ley de Okun y de sensibilidad del empleo al ciclo económico, esta nota de investigación analiza si la encuesta del INE ha perdido valor desde el punto de vista macroeconómico. Cambios metodológicos, restricciones de información basal y un comportamiento cíclico inesperado han generado dudas respecto de la calidad y utilidad de esta encuesta. Tomados en conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la encuesta del INE mantienen su sensibilidad al ciclo y no han perdido
Rotation Optimized Filter for Longevity (ROFL): Increasing the Lifetime of Swift/UVOT Simply
Authors: Tohuvavohu Aaron
Published: September 2020

I demonstrate that a very simple and safe change to the planning software filter assignment algorithm for the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) onboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory can reduce the number of filter wheel rotations by >10%, and its adoption is thus likely to significantly extend the usable lifetime of the UVOT instrument.
O uso do jogo de tabuleiro na construção da aprendizagem dos conteúdos de biologia: uma pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito do PIBID/UEPB
Authors: Silva Nathalya Marillya De Andrade , Dias Márcia Adelino Da Silva
Published: September 2020

Para o desenvolvimento dessa intervenção realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre jogos didáticos e sobre os conteúdos específicos da biologia abordada no jogo desenvolvido. Confeccionamos dois jogos de tabuleiro, intitulados: “A Bioquímica da Saúde” e “DNA e RNA: Seu Código”. Os jogos foram produzidos para estudantes da 1ª série do Ensino Médio. Em uma abordagem qualitativa, o instrumento de coleta de dados foi um corpus composto por caderno de campo e o questionário com questões abertas e flexíveis, explorando a interação pesquisador-entrevistado. A análise de dados foi interpretativa e descritiva a partir da categorização proposta por Bardin (2009) com ênfase na análise de conteúdo. Esse relato de experiência elucida a contribuição relevante do PIBID para a formação profissional dos licenciados e aponta para o uso do jogo didático como um instrumento pertinente no ensino e na construção da aprendizagem dos conteúdos de biologia.