bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure from motion used to revive archived aerial photographs for geomorphological analysis: an example from Mount Meager volcano, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Roberti Gioachino , Ward Brent C. , van Wyk deVries Benjamin , Perotti Luigi , Giardino Marco , Friele Pierre A. , Clague John J. , Menounos Brian , Anderson Leif S. , Freschi Stefano
Published: March 2021

High-resolution topographic modeling has become more accessible due to the development of structure from motion (SfM)-image-matching algorithms in digital photogrammetry. Large archival databases of historical aerial photographs are available in university, public, and government libraries, commonly as paper copies. The photographs can be in poor condition (i.e., deformed by humidity, scratched, or annotated). In addition, the negatives, as well as metadata, may be missing. Processing such photographs using classic stereo-photogrammetry is difficult and, in many instances, impossible. SfM can be applied to these photosets to access the valuable archive of geomorphic changes over the past century. In this paper, we illustrate the utility of the SfM technique using 568 digitized vertical aerial photographs of Mount Meager volcano, located in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. We use the aerial photographs, which span the period from 1947 to 2006, to track glaciers and glacier–landslide interactions on the volcano. Over this period, glaciers have thinned and retreated, interrupted by minor advances in the 1960s and 1970s. Landslides are frequent on the volcano and contribute to debris cover on the glaciers affecting the ablation process. SfM processing of the aerial photographs allowed us to unlock geomorphic information and reconstruct landscape change that would otherwise have been impossible. The results from SfM provide a visually effective way of presenting landscape change to a broad public audience, as a form of virtual geoheritage. The approach can thus be broadly applied in scientific and professional practices for improving land planning and hazard management.
Effects of experimental flow manipulations on water quality, hypoxia, and growth of Threatened Salish sucker (Catostomussp. cf.catostomus) and juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)1
Authors: Zinn Kaitlyn R. , Rosenfeld Jordan S. , Taylor Eric B.
Published: March 2021

The Salish sucker (Catostomus sp. cf. catostomus) is a federally Threatened species in Canada, inhabiting small lowland streams along with juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington State. Experiments were conducted in two ponds to determine the effects of reduced flow on dissolved oxygen, growth of stocked Salish sucker and juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and fish movement using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Sequential flow reduction in the first experiment resulted in a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen (9.1 to 3.1 mg·L−1) and Salish sucker growth (23% decline), although lower dissolved oxygen and growth were confounded with decreased temperature. Flow reduction in a second split-pond experiment including coho salmon resulted in significantly lower dissolved oxygen (6.9 to 2.9 mg·L−1), a 51% reduction in growth of coho salmon, but no detectable change in Salish sucker growth. PIT tag detections demonstrated increased use by both species of a well-oxygenated refuge in the flow reduction treatment, indicating sublethal effects of hypoxia on fish behaviour and habitat use. These experiments demonstrate the induction of severe hypoxia by reduced flows under eutrophy, with the potential for negative impacts on Salish sucker and juvenile coho salmon growth and habitat use.
Metabolic performance and thermal preference of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and non-native trout across an ecologically relevant range of temperatures1
Authors: Macnaughton Camille J. , Durhack Travis C. , Mochnacz Neil J. , Enders Eva C.
Published: March 2021

The physiology and behaviour of fish are strongly affected by ambient water temperature. Physiological traits related to metabolism, such as aerobic scope (AS), can be measured across temperature gradients, and the resulting performance curve reflects the thermal niche that fish can occupy. We measured AS of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 22 °C and compared temperature preference (T pref) of the species with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Intermittent-flow respirometry experiments demonstrated that metabolic performance of westslope cutthroat trout was optimal at ∼15 °C and decreased substantially beyond this temperature, until lethal temperatures at ∼25 °C. Adjusted T pref across species were comparatively high, ranging from 17.8 to 19.9 °C, with the highest T pref observed for westslope cutthroat trout. Results suggest that although westslope cutthroat trout is considered a cold-water species, they do not prefer or perform as well in cold water (≤10 °C) and thus can occupy a warmer thermal niche than previously thought. The metabolic performance curve (AS) can be used to develop species‐specific thermal criteria to delineate important thermal habitats and guide conservation and recovery actions for westslope cutthroat trout.
Hydroponic fodder and greenhouse gas emissions: a potential avenue for climate mitigation strategy and policy development
Authors: Newell Robert , Newman Lenore , Dickson Mathew , Vanderkooi Bill , Fernback Tim , White Charmaine
Published: March 2021

This research explores the potential hydroponic systems have for contributing to climate mitigation in fodder agriculture. Using British Columbia (BC) and Alberta as case studies, the study compares greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration potential of hydroponically grown sprouted barley fodder to conventional barley grain fodder. GHG emissions were examined through scenarios that assumed Alberta to be the main barley producer, while exploring different situations of BC and Alberta as consumers, distributed/centralized hydroponic systems, and renewable/nonrenewable energy. Carbon sequestration opportunities were examined through scenarios that explored the land sparing potential of transitioning from conventional to hydroponic barley and shifts from tillage to no-tillage practices. Sensitivity analyses were done to examine how changes in hydroponic seed-to-fodder output and energy consumption affect the systems’ climate mitigation potential. The results indicated that incorporating hydroponic systems into barley production has the potential to reduce GHG emissions, given seed-to-fodder output and energy consumption are maintained at certain levels and the systems are powered by renewable energy. Results also showed that hydroponic farming can provide greater carbon sequestration opportunities than simply shifting to no-tillage farming. The research indicates that hydroponic fodder farming could contribute to climate mitigation objectives if complemented with effective energy and land use policies.
EFFECTS OF STATIONARY CONTRACTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE ON DIGESTION
Authors: AVVARI RAVI KANT
Published: March 2021

In this paper, effects of stationary contraction on mixing and transport of a non-Newtonian fluid in the small intestine are analyzed theoretically. A semi-analytical method is developed to solve the governing equations of fluids flow in the intestine using lubrication theory. Results indicate that the stationary contraction helps in conferring two functions – (1) shearing of the contents, and (2) bidirectional transport over a short distance. The flow resulting from contraction is symmetric and occurs in both the directions; however, they do not lead to a net flow rate in one direction. The amount of shearing developed during such flows is reflective of their mixing ability. The effort of such peristalsis is largely determined by the flow behavior index; where energy requirements of developing similar shearing forces are higher for dilatants and lower for pseudoplastics. Flow is sensitive to frequency of contraction, luminal occlusion and wavelength of the contraction.
A study on the capital structure determinants of FMCG companies in India
Authors: Poornima B. G. , Kumar Pushpender
Published: March 2021

Fast Moving Consumers Goods (FMCG) sector is the fastest and the fourth largest sector of the Indian economy. This study attempts to identify the critical factors affecting the financing decisions of 15 FMCG companies using panel framework and tries to investigate whether the factors considered provide convincing explanation as per the capital structure models like peking order theory, trade-off theory and Agency theory developed over a period of time. The data are collected from CMIE Prowess database for the period 2008 to 2019. The variables considered are profitability, size, non-debt tax shield, tangibility, uniqueness, liquidity and origin. It is found that Pooled OLS is the appropriate model for explaining the factors influencing the short-term debt, long-term debt and total debt as the dependent variables. It is evident that the short-term debt of the company is influenced by profitability, non-debt tax shield and liquidity of the company; the long-term debt is influenced by profitability, tangibility and origin of the company; and the total debt is affected by profitability, size and liquidity of the company. The factors which are significant confirm to the expected behavior with respect to pecking order theory of capital structure.
Thermal regime and state of hydration of the Antarctic upper mantle from regional-scale electrical properties
Authors: Wannamaker Philip E. , Stodt John A. , Hill Graham J. , Maris Virginie , Kordy Michal A.
Published: March 2021

Large-scale electrical resistivity investigations of the Antarctic crust and upper mantle utilizing the magnetotelluric method (MT) are limited in number compared to temperate regions, but provide physical insights hard to achieve with other techniques. Key to the method's success are the instrumentation advances that allow microvolt (µV)-level measurements of the MT electric field in the face of mega-ohm (MΩ) contact resistances. Primarily in this chapter, we reanalyse existing data from three campaigns over the Antarctic interior using modern 3D non-linear inversion analysis, and offer additional geophysical conclusions and context beyond the original studies. A profile of MT soundings over the transitional Ellsworth–Whitmore block in central West Antarctica implies near-cratonic lithospheric geothermal conditions with interpreted graphite–sulfide horizons deformed along margins of high-grade silicate lithological blocks. Reanalysis of South Pole soundings confirms large-scale low resistivity spanning Moho depths that is consistent with limited seismic tomography and elevated crustal thermal regime inferences. Upper mantle under a presumed adiabatic thermal gradient below the Ross Ice Shelf near the central Transantarctic Mountains appears to be of a moderately hydrated state but not sufficient to induce melting. The degree of hydration there is comparable to that below the north-central Great Basin province of the western USA.
Agora
Authors: Traub Jonas , Kaoudi Zoi , Quiané-Ruiz Jorge-Arnulfo , Markl Volker
Published: March 2021

Data science and artificial intelligence are driven by a plethora of diverse data-related assets, including datasets, data streams, algorithms, processing software, compute resources, and domain knowledge. As providing all these assets requires a huge investment, data science and artificial intelligence technologies are currently dominated by a small number of providers who can afford these investments. This leads to lock-in effects and hinders features that require a flexible exchange of assets among users. In this paper, we introduce Agora, our vision towards a unified ecosystem that brings together data, algorithms, models, and computational resources and provides them to a broad audience. Agora (i) treats assets as first-class citizens and leverages a fine-grained exchange of assets, (ii) allows for combining assets to novel applications, and (iii) flexibly executes such applications on available resources. As a result, it enables easy creation and composition of data science pipelines as well as their scalable execution. In contrast to existing data management systems, Agora operates in a heavily decentralized and dynamic environment: Data, algorithms, and even compute resources are dynamically created, modified, and removed by different stakeholders. Agora presents novel research directions for the data management community as a whole: It requires to combine our traditional expertise in scalable data processing and management with infrastructure provisioning as well as economic and application aspects of data, algorithms, and infrastructure.
Towards Observability Data Management at Scale
Authors: Karumuri Suman , Solleza Franco , Zdonik Stan , Tatbul Nesime
Published: March 2021

Observability has been gaining importance as a key capability in today's large-scale software systems and services. Motivated by current experience in industry exemplified by Slack and as a call to arms for database research, this paper outlines the challenges and opportunities involved in designing and building Observability Data Management Systems (ODMSs) to handle this emerging workload at scale.
Removal of Nanoceria Abrasive Particles by Using Diluted SC1 and Non-Ionic Surfactant
Authors: Wu Bingbing , Wang Peng , Wang Yingjie , Qu Xin-Ping , Tan Baimei , Hamada Satomi , Wada Yutaka , Hiyama Hirokuni
Published: March 2021

Nanoceria abrasives have received intensive attention in the process of shallow trench isolation (STI) polishing since it can result in less scratch. However, the nanoceria particles are very difficult to remove after chemical mechanical polishing. In this study, it is found that by adding AEO-20, a nonionic surfactant with appropriate concentration in the SC1 (H2O2: NH4OH: H2O = 1: 1: 5 v/v/v) and SC1 solution with diluted ratio up to 10, the nanoceria abrasive particles on the contaminated SiO2 wafers can be completely removed. Multiple measurement results show that the SC1 can react with Ce3+ and form Ce4+ in the ceria slurry, and the Ce3+ will slightly react with AEO-20 while Ce4+ will not. It is concluded that AEO-20 will adsorb on the nanoceria particles and will not change the repulsive force between ceria and SiO2. The adsorbed surfactant will lift the particles off the SiO2 surface while the slight reaction between AEO-20 and Ce3+ will accelerate the lift-off process.
Structural, Magneto-Transport Properties of Lead Doped NdMnO3 Ceramics
Authors: Singh Vikash , Kumar Pawan , Sharma Subhash , Dwivedi R. K.
Published: March 2021

Magnetic and magneto-transport properties of Pb doped NdMnO3 system have been reported. Polymeric precursor method has been used to synthesis of Nd1−xPbxMnO3 (0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.64) samples. Structural and transport properties have been studied by XRD and standard four probe technique respectively. Lattice parameters have been determined using the data from XRD pattern. All the samples Nd1−xPbxMnO3 (0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.64) have shown orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm symmetry. The particles size of these powders has been found in the range of 22 nm to 35 nm. Insulator-metal transition (IMT) observed from resistivity (ρ) vs temperature plot, has been found to shift towards high temperature with x up to x = 0.44. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for all these samples from 77 to 300 K confirms the existence of ferromagnetism below Curie temperature. Phase diagram having the information about composition, magnetic phases and TC has been constructed. The Result of ln (ρ) vs Tn, in paramagnetic region reveal that conduction occurs due to variable range hopping (VRH) of electrons in the band of localized states in the absence of electron–electron interactions for x ≤ 0.44 but for x = 0.54 and 0.64 it corresponds to conduction through VRH with a small gap due to electron correlation.
Unacylated ghrelin, leptin, and appetite display diurnal rhythmicity in lean adults
Authors: Templeman Iain , Smith Harry A. , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Middleton Benita , Gonzalez Javier T. , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Johnston Jonathan D. , Betts James A.
Published: March 2021

Simultaneous assessment of subjective appetite, unacylated ghrelin, and leptin was carried out over a continuous 37-h protocol for the first time under conditions of controlled light, sleep, and feeding in healthy, lean adults. Rhythms were observed in unacylated ghrelin, leptin, and components of subjective appetite, such as hunger, prospective consumption, and fullness. Concurrent measurement of rhythms in these variables is important to fully understand the temporal relationships between components of appetite as well as the influence of diurnal factors such as sleep, light, and feeding.
Partitioning the work of breathing during running and cycling using optoelectronic plethysmography
Authors: Kipp Shalaya , Leahy Michael G. , Hanna Jacob A. , Sheel A. William
Published: March 2021

We demonstrated that optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) is a reliable tool to determine ventilatory volume changes during cycling and running, without restricting natural upper arm movements. Second, using OEP volumes coupled with pressure-derived measures, we calculated the work done by the rib cage and abdomen, respectively, during exercise. Collectively, our findings indicate that pulmonary mechanics can be accurately quantified using OEP, and abdominal work performed during ventilation contributes substantially to the overall work of the respiratory musculature.
Variant Analysis of Alkaptonuria Families with Significant Founder Effect in Jordan
Authors: Khalil Raida , Ali Dema , Mwafi Nesrin , Alsaraireh Arwa , Obeidat Loiy , Albsoul Eman , Al Sbou’ Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Background. Metabolic disorder alkaptonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the HGD gene, and a deficiency HGD enzyme activity results in an accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA), ochronosis, and destruction of connective tissue. Methods. We clinically evaluated 18 alkaptonuria patients (age range, 3 to 60 years) from four unrelated families. Furthermore, 11 out of 18 alkaptonuria patients and 7 unaffected members were enrolled for molecular investigations by utilizing Sanger sequencing to identify variants of the 14 exons of HGD gene. Results. We found that the seven patients from the 4 unrelated families carried a recurrent pathogenic missense variant (c.365C>T, p. Ala122Val) in exon 6 of HGD gene. The variant was fully segregated with the disease in affected family members while the other unaffected family members were heterozygous carriers for this variant. Additionally, the clinical features were fully predicted with alkaptonuria disorder. Conclusion. In this study, we confirmed that the most common variants in Jordanian AKU patients was c.365C>T, p. Ala122Val in exon 6 of HGD gene. Additionally, we correlated the clinical and genetic features of AKU patients at various ages (3‐60 years).
Iterative Learning Tracking Control of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems with Input Saturation
Authors: Liu Bingyou , Zhang Zhengzheng , Wang Lichao , Li Xing , Deng Xiongfeng
Published: March 2021

A tracking control algorithm of nonlinear multiple agents with undirected communication is studied for each multiagent system affected by external interference and input saturation. A control design scheme combining iterative learning and adaptive control is proposed to perform parameter adaptive time‐varying adjustment and prove the effectiveness of the control protocol by designing Lyapunov functions. Simulation results show that the high‐precision tracking control problem of the nonlinear multiagent system based on adaptive iterative learning control can be well realized even when the input is saturated. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical analysis.
Research on Economic Optimization of Microgrid Cluster Based on Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Yu , Yang Hongwan
Published: March 2021

With the deepening of the power market reform on the retail side, it is of great significance to study the economic optimization of the microgrid cluster system. Aiming at the economics of the microgrid cluster, comprehensively considering the degradation cost of energy storage battery, the compensation cost of demand‐side controllable loads dispatch, the electricity transaction cost between the microgrids, and the electricity transaction cost between the microgrid and the power distribution network of the microgrid cluster, we establish an optimal dispatch model for the microgrid cluster including wind turbines, photovoltaics, and energy storage batteries. At the same time, in view of the problem that the population diversity of the basic sparrow search algorithm decreases and it is easy to fall into local extremes in the later iterations of the basic sparrow search algorithm, a chaos sparrow search algorithm based on Bernoulli chaotic mapping, dynamic adaptive weighting, Cauchy mutation, and reverse learning is proposed, and different types of test functions are used to analyze the convergence effect of the algorithm, and the calculation effects of the sparrow algorithm, the particle swarm algorithm, the chaotic particle swarm, and the genetic algorithm are compared. The algorithm has higher convergence speed, higher accuracy, and better global optimization ability. Finally, through the calculation example, it is concluded that the benefit of the microgrid cluster is increased by nearly 20%, which verifies the effectiveness of the improvement.
Research and Application of Combined Algorithm Based on Sustainable Computing and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hu Bo
Published: March 2021

The Internet is a popular form of information technology development in the new century, and it organizes and analyzes big data by taking effective measures to find useful information. With manpower, it is obviously not enough to be in such a huge information system, so the emergence of sustainable computing and artificial intelligence has become the core of large-scale data processing at this stage. This paper studies the application of the combined algorithm based on sustainable computing and artificial intelligence. In this paper, a new combined intelligent search algorithm is proposed by combining sustainable computing with artificial intelligence. The combination algorithm firstly analyzes the value from the aspects of ecological environment and economic benefits and studies the overall evaluation of sustainable development ability. Secondly, the energy analysis method is used to establish a reasonable comprehensive ecosystem and evaluate its impact on the sustainable development of environment and economy. Finally, the impact of resource consumption, wind speed detection, waste discharge, and utilization of renewable resources in a certain area is analyzed by simulation. Through the experimental results, on the one hand, it is proved that the data obtained by the combined algorithm are more accurate than the single algorithm; on the other hand, the combined algorithm can be further sublimated and widely used for other data detection. The combination algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively detect the required data and has high applicability.
Progressive Failure and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Red Sandstone with Different Geometry Parallel Cracks under Uniaxial Compression Loading
Authors: Sun Xizhen , Meng Fanbao , Zhang Ce , Zhan Xucai , Jiang He
Published: March 2021

The geometric distribution of initial damages has a great influence on the strength and progressive failure characteristics of the fractured rock mass. Initial damages of the fractured rock were simplified as parallel cracks in different geometric distributions, and then, the progressive failure and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of specimens under the uniaxial compression loading were analyzed. The red sandstone (brittle materials) specimens with the parallel preexisting cracks by water jet were used in the tests. The energy peak and stress attenuation induced by the energy release of crack initiation were intuitively observed in the test process. Besides, three modes of rock bridge coalescence were obtained, and wing crack was the main crack propagation mode. The wing crack and other cracks were initiated in different loading stages, which were closely related to the energy level of crack initiation. The propagation of wing crack (stable crack) consumed a large amount of energy, and then, the propagation of shear crack, secondary crack, and anti‐wing crack (unstable crack) was inhibited. The relationship between the crack propagation mode and the geometric distribution of existing cracks in the specimen was revealed. Meanwhile, the strength characteristic and failure mode of fractured rock with the different geometric distributions of preexisting crack were also investigated. The energy evolution characteristics and crack propagation were also analyzed by numerical modeling (PFC2D).
How Healthy Is State Mental Health System in Madhya Pradesh, India? An Assessment of Today to Plan for a Better Tomorrow
Authors: Kokane Arun M. , Pakhare Abhijit P. , Gururaj Gopalkrishna , Varghese Mathew , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Anniappan Arvind Banavaram , Prasad M Krishna , Mitra Arun , Shukla Mukesh , Yadav Kriti , Ray Sukanya , Ranjan Akash , Chatterji Rajni , Mittal Pankaj
Published: March 2021

Background. Mental illness affects over one-third of the Indian population, and only a little is known about the exact situation of health systems in Madhya Pradesh, India. Therefore, the present research work provides an assessment of state mental health systems in Madhya Pradesh. Methods. The present cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of National Mental Health Survey 2015-16 in 48 districts of Madhya Pradesh, to provide an overview of the status of mental health systems. Secondary data was also retrieved from the state office so as to present the situational analysis in a more comprehensive and inferential way. The proforma for the study was developed based on the experience gained from studies conducted earlier with World Health Organization’s Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) and with WHO’s Mental Health Atlas as the base for thematic analysis. Results. Out of 51 districts, 13.7% of the districts of the state have been covered under District Mental Health Program (DMHP) in 2015-16. Around 11.8% of district/general hospitals were involved in providing mental health services. The availability of psychiatrist was 0.05 per Lakh population. Around 0.2% of the total health budget was allocated by the state for the last financial year for mental health. The overall average score of Madhya Pradesh in the assessment of qualitative indicators was 31 out of 100 in the year 2015-16. Conclusion. There is huge scope and an urgent need to increase mental healthcare facilities (with upgradation of existing one) along the availability of mental healthcare staff.
[Retracted] A Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Calculus Bovis in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liu Fangchen , Li Ling , Chen Jian , Wu Ying , Cao Yongbing , Zhong Ping
Published: March 2021

Background. Calculus Bovis is a valuable Chinese medicine, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. The present study is aimed at investigating its target and the mechanism involved in ischemic stroke treatment by network pharmacology. Methods. Effective compounds of Calculus Bovis were collected using methods of network pharmacology and using the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN‐TCM) and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Potential compound targets were searched in the TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Ischemic stroke‐related disease targets were searched in the Drugbank, DisGeNet, OMIM, and TTD databases. These two types of targets were uploaded to the STRING database, and a network of their interaction (PPI) was built with its characteristics calculated, aiming to reveal a number of key targets. Hub genes were selected using a plug‐in of the Cytoscape software, and Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and pathway enrichment analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted using the clusterProfiler package of R language. Results. Among 12 compounds, deoxycorticosterone, methyl cholate, and biliverdin were potentially effective components. A total of 344 Calculus Bovis compound targets and 590 ischemic stroke targets were found with 92 overlapping targets, including hub genes such as TP53, AKT, PIK2CA, MAPK3, MMP9, and MMP2. Biological functions of Calculus Bovis are associated with protein hydrolyzation, phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues of protein substrates, peptide bond hydrolyzation of peptides and proteins, hydrolyzation of intracellular second messengers, antioxidation and reduction, RNA transcription, and other biological processes. Conclusion. Calculus Bovis may play a role in ischemic stroke by activating PI3K‐AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which are involved in regulating inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and proliferation.
Progression of CIN1/LSIL HPV Persistent of the Cervix: Actual Progression or CIN3 Coexistence
Authors: Bruno Maria Teresa , Cassaro Nazario , Bica Francesca , Boemi Sara
Published: March 2021

Objective. The natural history of the CIN1 lesions is characterized by an elevated rate of spontaneous regression (80%), some authors recognize a capacity to progress to HSIL in 10% of cases, and other authors do not recognize the capacity of progression of LSIL (CIN1). This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of progression to HSIL (CIN3) in women with a histological diagnosis of LSIL (CIN1). Furthermore, to this end, we studied the histological outcomes of cone specimens collected by the LEEP. Methods. All the data were retrospectively analyzed. All participants underwent a follow-up of 4 years, during which each woman underwent an HPV test and genotyping, cervical cytological sampling, or biopsy every six months. The endpoint was the histological confirmation of CIN3 lesions in any moment during follow-up. Results. Progression to CIN3 occurred in 7 cases (1,5%). Analyzing the histological exams of the cones of the 7 cases that progressed to CIN3, we found the coexistence of CIN1 and CIN3 lesions in all cases. Conclusion. After 4 years of follow-up, only 1.5% (7/475) of the women with LSIL developed CIN3, all within the first two years of follow-up, and were immediately treated. The most likely explanations for “progression” from LSIL to HSIL are (1) actual progression, (2) underdiagnosis of HSIL on initial biopsy, (3) overdiagnosis of HSIL on follow-up biopsy/cone, and (4) CIN3 arose de novo. Analyzing the histological exams of the cones of the 7 cases that progressed to high-grade, we found the coexistence of CIN1 and CIN3 lesions in all cases. Some recent studies have shown that a viral genotype corresponds to different lesions in the same cervix; therefore, CIN1 coexisting with CIN3 does not always indicate progression of CIN1. Other authors have doubted the capacity of LSIL to progress.
Nakamoto Consensus to Accelerate Supervised Classification Algorithms for Multiparty Computing
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Guo Bing , Shen Yan , Li Chengjie , Suo Xinhua , Su Hong
Published: March 2021

Bitcoin mining consumes tremendous amounts of electricity to solve the hash problem. At the same time, large-scale applications of artificial intelligence (AI) require efficient and secure computing. There are many computing devices in use, and the hardware resources are highly heterogeneous. This means a cooperation mechanism is needed to realize cooperation among computing devices, and a good calculation structure is required in the case of data dispersion. In this paper, we propose an architecture where devices (also called nodes) can reach a consensus on task results using off-chain smart contracts and private data. The proposed distributed computing architecture can accelerate computing-intensive and data-intensive supervised classification algorithms with limited resources. This architecture can significantly increase privacy protection and prevent leakage of distributed data. Our proposed architecture can support heterogeneous data, making computing on each device more efficient. We used mathematical formulas to prove the correctness and robustness of our system and deduced the condition to stop a given task. In the experiments, we transformed Bitcoin hash collision into distributed computing on several nodes and evaluated the training and prediction accuracy for handwritten digit images (MNIST). The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Strenuous Exercise-Induced Tremendously Elevated Transaminases Levels in a Healthy Adult: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Khatri Prabin , Neupane Aryan , Sapkota Suman Raj , Bashyal Bibhav , Sharma Dipesh , Chhetri Ashmita , Chirag K. C. , Banjade Ashish , Sapkota Priyanka , Bhandari Subarna.
Published: March 2021

The liver function test (LFT) is a commonly performed test in clinical practice in order to assess well-being of the liver; however, derangement in liver enzymes, however, may not necessarily imply an underlying liver pathology. The standard liver function test measures alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin levels (total, direct, and indirect), proteins (total protein and albumin), and PT-INR (prothrombin time and international normalized ratio). In addition to common causes, liver enzyme levels can also be elevated due to extrahepatic causes, such as muscular injury can elevate transaminases levels. Here in, we present a case of an asymptomatic healthy male who was doing vigorous exercise and presented with reports of elevated transaminase levels. During evaluation of the case, most of his reports came to be within normal range. Additionally, when reevaluated after discontinuation of vigorous exercise, 3 weeks later and then a month later, his liver enzyme levels were observed to be within normal range. Hence, we suspect that muscle damage-induced transaminitis might not have been considered in the differential diagnosis during the evaluation of a patient with raised transaminases levels and also suggest that it should be kept as a differential in the given scenario.
Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19
Authors: in ‘t Veld Aliede E. , Jansen Manon A. A. , Ciere Luuk C. A. , Moerland Matthijs
Published: March 2021

The main basis for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in COVID-19 is the compound’s ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. HCQ also suppresses immunity, mainly by interference in TLR signalling, but reliable clinical data on the extent and nature of HCQ-induced immunosuppression are lacking. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis for the use of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 in a prophylactic setting and in a therapeutic setting, at different stages of the disease. We argue that the clinical effect of prophylactic or therapeutic HCQ treatment in COVID-19 depends on the balance between inhibition of viral replication, immunosuppression, and off-target side effects, and that the outcome is probably dependent on disease stage and disease severity. This is supported by the initial outcomes of the well-designed randomized controlled trials: so far, evidence for a beneficial effect of HCQ treatment for COVID-19 is weak and conflicting.
A Fusion Parameter Method for Classifying Freshness of Fish Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Jian , Liu Yuhao , Wu Gangshan , Zhang Yecheng , Zhang Rongbiao , Li X. J.
Published: March 2021

Compared with using a single characteristic parameter of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to classify the freshness of fish samples from different origins, more characteristic parameters could bring higher accuracy as well as complexity, subjectivity, and uncertainty. In order to eliminate the disadvantages of the multiparameter model, a data fusion method based on model similarity (DFMS) was proposed in this study. The similarity relation between the freshness models based on EIS characteristic parameters and physicochemical indicator was analyzed and quantified accordingly, and then, the weighting factors of the fusion model were determined. The classification accuracy rate of fish freshness based on DFMS was 9.2∼15% greater than that of a single EIS characteristic parameter. The novel dimensionless fusion parameter method proposed in this article might provide a simple yet effective indicator for EIS-based food quality evaluation.
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms for Osteoporosis by Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Yunlong , Geng Dechun , Wu Yonghua
Published: March 2021

Background. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue structure, and susceptibility to fracture. New and more suitable therapeutic targets need to be discovered. Methods. We collected osteoporosis‐related datasets (GSE56815, GSE99624, and GSE63446). The methylation markers were obtained by differential analysis. Degree, DMNC, MCC, and MNC plug‐ins were used to screen the important methylation markers in PPI network, then enrichment analysis was performed. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effect of osteoporosis. In addition, we evaluated the difference in immune cell infiltration between osteoporotic patients and control by ssGSEA. Finally, differential miRNAs in osteoporosis were used to predict the regulators of key methylation markers. Results. A total of 2351 differentially expressed genes and 5246 differentially methylated positions were obtained between osteoporotic patients and controls. We identified 19 methylation markers by PPI network. They were mainly involved in biological functions and signaling pathways such as apoptosis and immune inflammation. HIST1H3G, MAP3K5, NOP2, OXA1L, and ZFPM2 with higher AUC values were considered key methylation markers. There were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between osteoporotic patients and controls, especially dendritic cells and natural killer cells. The correlation between MAP3K5 and immune cells was high, and its differential expression was also validated by other two datasets. In addition, NOP2 was predicted to be regulated by differentially expressed hsa‐miR‐3130‐5p. Conclusion. Our efforts aim to provide new methylation markers as therapeutic targets for osteoporosis to better treat osteoporosis in the future.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of a Sandwich Structure Made of Flax/Glass Hybrid Composite Facesheet and Honeycomb Core
Authors: Ashraf W. , Ishak M. R. , Zuhri M. Y. M. , Yidris N. , Ya’acob A. M.
Published: March 2021

This research is aimed at developing the sandwich structure with a hybrid composite facesheet and investigate its mechanical properties (tensile, edgewise compression, and flexural). The combination of renewable and synthetic materials appears to reduce the weight, cost, and environmental impact compared to pure synthetic materials. The hybrid composite facesheets were fabricated with different ratios and stacking sequence of flax and glass fibers. The nonhybrid flax and glass composite facesheet sandwich structures were fabricated for comparison. The overall mechanical performance of the sandwich structures was improved by increasing the glass fiber ratio in the hybrid composites. The experimental tensile properties of the hybrid facesheet and the edgewise compression strength and ultimate flexural facing stress of the hybrid composites sandwich structures were achieved higher when the results were normalized to the same fiber volume fraction of glass composite. The hybrid composite sandwich structure showed improved compression and flexural facing stress up to 68% and 75%, respectively, compared to nonhybrid flax composites. The hybrid composite using glass in the outer layer achieved the similar flexural stiffness of the nonhybrid glass composite with only a 6% higher thickness than the glass composite sandwich structure.
CNS Involvement in a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Healey Marcus A. , Allendorf Daniel J. , Borate Uma , Madan Ankit
Published: March 2021

Inspite of medication compliance, some chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients will relapse/progress into an accelerated phase or blast crisis. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a rare manifestation of such a relapse. Here, we report a case of 23-year-old female who was diagnosed with CML in the accelerated phase and subsequently treated with imatinib. She developed early relapse in her CNS, and her treatment was switched to dasatinib and intrathecal chemotherapy with cytarabine and methotrexate. Her CNS disease went into remission, and she underwent matched unrelated donor (MUD) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We discuss various mechanisms of treatment failure, importance of vigilance for symptoms and signs of treatment failure/relapse, indications for use of different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and management of blast crises in CML.
Care of the Patient With Acute Ischemic Stroke (Prehospital and Acute Phase of Care): Update to the 2009 Comprehensive Nursing Care Scientific Statement: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Ashcraft Susan , Wilson Susan E. , Nyström Karin V. , Dusenbury Wendy , Wira Charles R. , Burrus Tamika M. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing and the Stroke Council
Published: March 2021

The year 2020 was the year of the nurse, celebrating nurse scholarship, innovation, and leadership by promoting scientific nursing research, improving nursing practice, advancing nursing education, and providing leadership to influence health policy. As architects of stroke care, neuroscience nurses play a vital role in collaborating and coordinating care between multiple health professionals. Nurses improve accessibility and equity through telestroke, emergency medical services, and mobile stroke units and are integral to implementing education strategies by advocating and ensuring that patients and caregivers receive stroke education while safely transitioning through the health care system and to home. Stroke care is increasingly complex in the new reperfusion era, requiring nurses to participate in continuing education while attaining levels of competency in both the acute and recovery care process. Advanced practice nurses are taking the lead in many organizations, serving as prehospital providers on mobile stroke units, participating as members of the stroke response team, and directing stroke care protocols in the emergency department. This scientific statement is an update to the 2009 “Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Care of the Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient.” The aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence on nursing care in the prehospital and hyperacute emergency hospital setting, arming nurses with the necessary tools to provide evidenced-based high-quality care.
Abstract 14: Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Nguyen Thanh N , Haussen Diogo C , Qureshi Muhammad M , Yamagami Hiroshi , Fujinaka Toshiyuki , Mansour Ossama Y , AbdalKader Mohamad , Frankel Michael R , Qiu Zhongming , Taylor Allan , Lylyk Pedro , Eker Omer F , MECHTOUFF Laura , Piotin Michel , Lima Fabricio O , Mont’Alverne Francisco , Izzath Wazim , Sakai Nobuyuki , Mohammaden Mahmoud , Renieri Leonardo , Mangiafico Salvatore , Ozretic David , Chalumeau Vanessa , Ahmed Saima , Rashid Umair , Hussain Syed I , JOHN SEBY , Griffin Emma , Thornton John M , Fiorot Jose A , Rivera Rodrigo , Hammami Nadia , Vu Huynh L , Hetts Steven , Nogueira Raul G
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The objective was to examine whether subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) hospitalizations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.

Methods:
We conducted a global, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries, and 140 comprehensive stroke centers. Patients with diagnosis of SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions, COVID-19 were identified using ICD-10 codes or by prospectively maintained stroke databases. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalizations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1-year and immediately before) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 to May 31, 2020).

Results:
There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalizations with 2,044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1,585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a decline of 22.5% (95%CI, -24.3 to -20.7, p<0.0001). Embolization of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1,170 to 1,035 procedures, respectively, representing an 11.5%(95%CI, -13.5 to -9.8, p=0.002) drop. Hospitals with higher COVID-19 hospitalization burden demonstrated greater declines in SAH and ruptured aneurysm coiling compared to lower COVID-19 burden. A relative increase in coiling of ruptured aneurysms was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1% (95%CI, 32.3-50.6, p=0.008) despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.

Conclusions:
There was a global decrease in subarachnoid hemorrhage admissions and ruptured aneurysm embolizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among low-volume coiling SAH hospitals, there was an increase in the ruptured aneurysm coiling intervention. These findings in SAH are consistent with a global decrease in other emergencies such as stroke and myocardial infarction.*On behalf of the SVIN COVID-19 Collaborators