bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Search for the reference intervals of total and pancreatic Amilase activity in horses
Authors: Vasilieva S. V.
Published: January 2023

This article presents the results of statistical processing of a data array based on the results of a study of two biochemical parameters - total and pancreatic amylase. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that a test system for determining the activity of pancreatic amylase in animals has been developed and introduced into clinical practice relatively recently. In this regard, there are no data in the literature on reference intervals for this indicator in horses. First, each sample was evaluated for normal distribution. After that, statistical outliers were removed from each dataset using Tukey's method. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles were then calculated in the remaining data set. Their values were the boundaries of the reference intervals. Based on the results of the studies, normative limits were set for total amylase - from 13.5 to 135.0 IU / l and pancreatic amylase - from 8.5 to 40.2 IU / l. The indicator of pancreatic amylase activity is a rare biochemical marker, especially in horses, so the results of the studies carried out in this article can be used as reference material in the formation of forms of biochemical results, as well as in the detection of cases of pathological processes in the pancreas.
The effect of synthetic peptide bioregulators on the expression of piglet T-lymphocyte receptors to sheep erythrocytes in vitro loading tests
Authors: Kryachko O. V.
Published: January 2023

To identify the functional reserve of immunocompetent cells in sick piglets and to predict the appointment of immunomodulators, rosette formation loading tests with synthetic peptide bioregulators thymogen and synthetic bone marrow pentapeptide (SPCM) were performed. Also, loading tests were carried out in groups of animals in the treatment of which the above drugs were used. As a result of studies, it was found that during acute bronchopneumonia, the 14th day is the critical period for the activation of immunocompetent cells. The use of immunomodulators in the treatment of bronchopneumonia allows to avoid a drop in the activity of T-lymphocytes during this period, and to a greater extent affects the activation of T -lymphocytes by thymogen used as part of the complex therapy of sick animals.
A unique case of blood supply of the left ventricle of the heart of a black mottle calf
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Bylinskaya D. S. , Shchipakin M. V.
Published: January 2023

The heart of a domestic bull, like that of other ruminants, according to domestic and foreign authors, has a leftcoronary type of blood supply, which is caused by the dominance of the left coronary artery over the right one in relation to the area vascularized by them and the cross-sectional diameter. In a two-month-old Black-and-White calf, only the right coronary artery took part in the blood supply to the heart, while the left coronary artery was completely absent. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to study the features of the vascularization of the left ventricle of the heart of a Blackand-White breed calf with a right-sided type of blood supply. The corpse of a black-and-white calf at the age of two months served as a material for the study. The methods for the study were fine anatomical preparation and making casts of heart vessels using latex. According to the results of the study, it was found that despite the absence of the left coronary artery, the right coronary artery in a two-month-old Black-and-White calf in several areas of the heart has a very similar branching variability. In this regard, we can assume a sufficient level of compensation for the blood supply to the left ventricle of the heart in this calf. It was determined that the main branches of the right coronary artery, which vascularize the left ventricle, in the studied calf in their topography have frequent S-shaped bends and loose type of division, which can increase the risk of coronary heart pathologies. The data obtained confirm the high degree of variability of coronary arteries in animals, regardless of their species and breed. The results of the study can be used by veterinary specialists as a variant of the anatomical development of the coronary arteries of the heart in farm animals and their possible variability.
The effect of the Tulatromycin in pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis on the indicators of nonspecific resistance of their offspring
Authors: Vasiliev R. M.
Published: January 2023

Obtaining healthy young animals with good productive potential is one of the main goals of modern animal husbandry, the implementation of which is hindered by diseases of pregnant females of various etiologies. One of these diseases is genital mycoplasmosis of cattle. To date, there is little information about the effect of this disease in maternal cows on the immune status of offspring. We have studied the effect of therapy of pregnant cows with tulatromycin on the indicators of nonspecific resistance of calves obtained from them. It has been established that genital mycoplasmosis in maternal cows leads to inhibition of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, as well as phagocytosis indicators in their offspring. The use of tulatromycin for treatment leads to recovery of 75% of sick animals and causes partial normalization of indicators of nonspecific resistance in their offspring. The revealed changes will optimize the treatment regimen of cows with genital mycoplasmosis.
KETERAMPILAN PASSING FUTSAL SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER DI SMAN 17 GARUT
Authors: Kurniawati Ani , Rahman Alam Fathur , Hardian Robby
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini berjudul tentang keterampilan passing futsal siswa ekstrakurikuler SMAN 17 GARUT Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keterampilan anak ketika passing dalam permainan futsal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara pelatih ekstrakurikuler futsal, melihat passing anak saat latihan futsal yang berjumlah 16 orang, yang diperoleh melalui sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling). Jenis penelitian ini tergolong dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Keterampilan passing siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal SMAN 17 GARUT masih kurang baik dibandingkan dengan pemain pelajar sekolah yang lain yang sudah bisa dikatakan cukup baik. (2) Ada perkembangan dari minggu ke minggu karena pelatih selalu memberi teori passing dengan bagus, sehingga anak bisa improve walaupun sedikit demi sedikit
Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada PT. Univista Utama Medan
Authors: Diaphenia Vivian , Goh Thomas Sumarsan , Elidawati Elidawati , Sagala Edison
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of financial ratios consistingof 5 (five) financial ratios namely Cash Ratio, Primary Ratio, Gross Profit Margin,level of sales and Total Asset Turnover on Profit Growth at PT. Main University.The method used is quantitative research. The population in this study is thefinancial statements of PT. Main Univista for 3 years for the 2018-2020 period,while the sample in this study was 36 data. The analysis model in this study ismultiple linear regression using the SPSS program. Data testing was carried outusing the classical assumption test, the coefficient of determination test, the F testand the t test. The conclusion from the results of this study is that Cash Ratio andTotal Assets turnover partially have a significant effect on profit growth at PTUnivista Utama, Primary Ratio, Gross Profit Margin and sales level partially haveno effect on profit growth at PT Univista Utama. Cash Ratio, Total Assets turn,Primary Ratio, Gross Profit Margin and sales level simultaneously affect profitgrowth at PT Univista Utama.
EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS AND METHODS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON REDUSING AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION AND GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE )Brassica OleraceaVar.Capitata.L)
Authors: Abdulrasool Kahtan Jamal , Hamid Russill Raad
Published: January 2023

laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Soil Science and Water Resources Department, and field experiment in the field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. Site Jadiriya to study the effect of mineral fertilization and soil amendments and methods of fertilizer application on reducing ammonia volatilization. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the completely randomized design (C.R.D) and the field experiment according to randomized completely block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The laboratory experiment included adding ammonium molybdate with (phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, both, rock phosphate, agricultural sulfur, plant ash, adding at 5cm depth) using sandy loam soil. The field experiment included eight treatments including nitrogen fertilizer application methods to cabbage crop T0: control (no nitrogen fertilizer added), T1: addition with grooves or cracks of plant side at a distance of 5 cm, T2: addition fertilizer on the surface, T3: addition with irrigation water, T4 : 5 cm depth, T5: 8 cm depth, T6: 10 cm depth, T7: mixing with soil in one batch when starting fertilization, Urea was added in three batches, 15 days after planting, 30 days after planting and 45 days after planting. The results of the laboratory experiment showed an increase in volatilization of ammonia by increasing phosphate rock levels, while the amount of volatile ammonia decreased in the presence of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the two together, agricultural sulfur and plant ash and adding at 5 cm depth. The results of the statistical analysis of the field experiment showed that the treatment T1 gave the highest rate of total yield and weight of the cabbage head and external leaves at 74.3, 51.4 and 23.12 Mg ha-1 , respectively, The same treatment gave the highest dry weight rate for the above mentioned indicators except for non-eaten leaves (9.43 and 5.63 Mg ha-1 ) while treatment T5 gave the highest dry weight rate for external leaves.
DISSEMINATION OF URBAN ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY INTO ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Haryanta Dwi , Sa’adah Tatuk Tojibatus , Thohiron Mochamad
Published: January 2023

The urban development program will have consequences for the generation of waste. Urban organic waste includes forest/city park plant waste, market waste, and household waste. Urban organic waste in the Jambangan village environment causes environmental and social problems. Community empowerment activities at the “Satu Padu” farmer group, Jambangan Village, Surabaya aim to provide knowledge about managing harmful organic waste that is processed into compost and liquid organic fertilizer that is beneficial in urban farming practices. The community empowerment program in managing tree stumps waste uses the Participatory Rapid Rural Appraissal and Rapid and Rural Appraissal methods. Inventory of problems and formulation of solutions is carried out in a short time but studies are carried out in depth and the community is directly involved in the preparation of implementation plans and evaluation of activities. Community The farmer group “One Solid”, Jambangan Village, Surabaya is very enthusiastic in implementing the program. The residents and farmer groups were coordinated directly by the Village Head and the Head of the Farmers Group directly practiced the technology that was disseminated, namely making compost from tree stumps waste, making liquid organic fertilizer from fruit and vegetable waste and planting using media with compost and plants being given liquid organic fertilizer
ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) BASED ON THE DIGITAL CREATIVE ECONOMY IN MEKARJAYA VILLAGE, SUKMAJAYA DISTRICT, DEPOK CITY
Authors: Yulianti Sri , Indrajaya Titus , Supriyani Mei , Sova Maya , Aliva Septi Nur , Ferdiansyah Arif
Published: January 2023

This Community Service (PKM) is to educate about the science of digital-based entrepreneurial management, the creative economy of MSME actors. In the post-pandemic period, many problems are faced by the micro-scale community, especially business actors, it is still difficult to market their products and capital, seeing these problems it is necessary to have this PKM activity, with steps that entrepreneurship can take to empower business actors in the pattern of development. Creative Economy based on digital marketing. The method used is a qualitative data analysis method and a data collection tool with training and interviews. This community service is an effort to manage entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship) for micro-scale businesses based on digital creative economy. Digitization by means of independence and registration of business entities, while economic digitization can be achieved by participating in offline training, doing online marketing on digital applications, obtaining online business success tips through digital marketing media.In this community service by conducting comprehensive training and socialization to the wider community to all corners of the village or sub-district about the ease of online business for MSME Creative Economy business actors, business actors are always active in programs from both the government and the private sector to support increased income for the community. the community, especially MSME Creative Economy business actors, to immediately switch to social media or digitization consistently to optimize facilities in the pattern of creative economy development. Thus, the Social Piety Index will be realized from community entrepreneurship in the Mekarjaya Village, Sukmajaya, Depok City
LITTORIN DEPOSITS AS A SOIL-FORMING MATERIAL FOR URBAN SOILS OF ST. PETERSBURG
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University, Bakhmatova Kseniia A. , Sheshukova Anastasia A. ,   Saint Petersburg University, Panova Elena G. ,   Saint Petersburg University, Egorova Sofia A. ,   Saint Petersburg University
Published: January 2023

A number of urban soils of St. Petersburg on the Littorina terrace were studied. рНН2О, the carbon content of organic compounds, СаСО3 , and mobile phosphorus compounds, particle size distribution, and the content of heavy metals (HM) — Pb, Cu, Zn were determined in soils according to common methods. The studied soils were alkaline, had an increased content of mobile phosphorus compounds, and were contaminated with HM. HM concentrations varied depending on the history of land use, reflected in the structure of the anthropogenic layers. Natural Littorina deposits commonly were found under anthropogenic layers at a depth of 150–190 cm, and were also present as fine earth material in the urbic horizons. Littorina deposits occurring in the lower part of the soil profile are not contaminated with HMs and can serve as a comparison standard for assessing the degree of contamination of surface horizons.
Goal Check: How to prevent self-sabotage
Authors:   Character Lab, Gross James
Published: January 2023

Teenagers sometimes resist input from mom or dad about how to live their lives. Do teens need parents? Absolutely. A teenager might say, “I’d like to get great grades this term.” But then their behavior isn’t aligned with that. In fact, you may notice they’re doing the opposite of what they need to do to get great grades.
Sosialisasi Aspek Perpajakan, Perhitungan Serta Metode Pelaporan Pajak Atas Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Di Kabupaten Sidrap
Authors: Wiyana Anim , Rinaldy Syiar , Pattiware Andi , Kanji Lusiana , Ageng Prameswari Dewi
Published: January 2023

Abstrak. Desa mempunyai sumber pendapatan berupa pendapatan asli desa, dana tersebut digunakan untuk mendanai penyelenggaraan kewenangan desa yang mencakup penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, pembangunan, pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan kemasyarakatan. Tujuan yang diharapkan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk  memberikan pemahaman aspek pengenaan pajak yang berkaitan dengan adanya traksaksi penggunaan dana desa. Setiap transaksi ekonomi selalu dapat dikaitkan dengan aspek pengenaan pajak, baik yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha maupun dilakukan oleh perangkat instansi pemerintah yang dananya bersumber dari APBN / APBD. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan cara memberikan ceramah dan diskusi terhadap perwakilan perangkat desa. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini berjalan dengan baik, para peserta sangat antusias, kegiatan ini menambah pemahaman, motivasi dan kesadaran dari peserta mengenai aspek apa saja yang dikenakan pajak dari penggunaan dana desa. Pemahaman para peserta mengenai istilah perpajakan seperti pemotongan atau pemungutan PPh 21, PPh 22, PPh 23, PPh 4 (2), PPN, serta Bea Materai. Peserta mengetahui cara perhitungan pajak, tatacara pembayaran serta pelaporan SPT secara elektronik (E-SPT).
Implementasi Sekolah Berwawasan Lingkungan Terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan di SMAN 1 Jetis
Authors: Amrullah Fairuzzabadi , Nurcahyo Heru
Published: January 2023

Kurangnya atas kesadaran dan tanggung jawab terhadap lingkungannya yang menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan, sehingga perlunya komitmen agar dapat meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan, dan pemerintah berusaha mengaplikasikan pendidikan yang berwawasan lingkungan. Tujuan pengabdian ini digunakan agar mengetahui penanaman karakter sadar lingkungan di sekolah berwawasan lingkungan yang ada disekolah. Metode yang dipakai ialah metode Pendidikan masyarakat disekolah dan bertempat di SMA Negeri 1 Jetis, subjek pengabdian yang dipakai ialah kepala sekolah, tim adiwiyata, wakil kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Pemilihan sekolah memakai cara purposive sampling. Teknik pengabdian memakai teknik non test dengan menggunakan instrumen wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, kemudian analisis data menggunakan cara triangulasi data. Hasil pengabdian yang dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Jetis mendapatkan hasil sangat memenuhi, dimana SMAN 1 Jetis memperoleh nilai akhir 94,74. Secara keseluruhan sekolah telah mendukung aktivitas iekolah berwawasan lingkungan, dan telah dipakai dalam proses pembelajaran, serta keikutsertaan warga sekolah, dan adanya minat dari masyarakat sekolah akanimemotivasi diri sendiri sehingga orang lain mau berbuat hal sama sehingga, sekolah dapat mencapai tujuan dari sekolah yang berwawasan lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.
Implementasi Teknologi Pendederan Dan Pembesaran Teripang Pasir Pada Kelompok Salterai
Authors: Tomatala Pitjont , Paulus Letsoin Petrus , Diana Rahakbauw Siska
Published: January 2023

Teripang pasir, Holothurian scabra merupakan salah satu komuditi laut yang bernilai ekonomis penting.  Teripang sering ditangkap dan dijual oleh Kelompok Salterai (Mitra) yang berada di desa Ohoitel, Kota Tual. Mitra juga memelihara (budidaya) teripang jenis ini di desa Taar yang perairannya bersifat tertutup (berteluk). Nilai manfaat yang telah dirasakan memotifasi Mitra untuk mencoba membudidayakan (Pembesaran dan Pembenihan) teripang dengan memanfaatkan kondisi perairan di desa Ohoitel yang bersifat terbuka (tidak berteluk). Keterbatasan pengetahuan mengenai teknik pembuatan wadah budidaya teripang, teknologi pendederan teripang dan manajemen usaha teripang merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi Mitra. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membantu mitra menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu penyuluhan, pelatihan dan monitoring. Dari hasil kegiatan diketahui bahwa mitra telah mempunyai ilmu dan keterampilan sehingga mereka mampu membuat wadah budidaya pembesaran dan wadah pendederan teripang dengan baik, mampu mendederkan juvenil teripang dan mitra mampu melakukan manajemen usaha teripang secara baik.
X-RAY RADIOMETRIC SAMPLING OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM WITH AT-241 ISOTOPE BY SECONDARY TIN EMITTER/ՎՈԼՖՐԱՄԻ ԵՎ ՄՈԼԻԲԴԵՆԻ ՌԵՆՏԳԵՆԱՌԱԴԻՈՉԱՓԱԿԱՆ ՆՄՈւՇԱՐԿՈւՄԸ AM-241 ԻԶՈՏՈՊՈՎ ԱՆԱԳԵ ԵՐԿՐՈՐԴԱԿԱՆ ՃԱՌԱԳԱՅԹԻՉԻ ԿԻՐԱՌՄԱՄԲ
Authors: Tamrazyan A.
Published: January 2023

X-ray radiometric works to separately determine tungsten and molybdenum were carried out in the 70s of the last century. Initially, for the determination of these elements K-series characteristic radiation was used, for which different devices with different sources of primary radiation detectors were applied, which led to a decrease in the efficiency of the X-ray radiometric method.
Later a new methodology based on the use of L-series of characteristic X-ray radiation of tungsten and K-series of molybdenum was suggested; they were simultaneously excited by the same source. However, here, when analyzing molybdenum, the linearity of the dependence of the spectral ratio value on its content is broken, which is due to the incomplete separation of its analytical line and the peak of the single scattering of the Cd-109 source used. In addition, Cd-109, as a primary radiation source, is quite expensive and has a short half-life.
To eliminate the above drawbacks we propose to use as a source of primary radiation a long-lived (T1/2 = 460 years) radioactive isotope At-241 with a secondary radiator of tin.
/Վոլֆրամի և մոլիբդենի պարունակության որոշման ռենտգենառադիոչափական աշխատանքները կատարվել են դեռևս անցած դարի 70-ական թվականներին: Սկզբնական էտապում այդ էլեմենտների որոշման համար օգտագործվել են նրանց բնութագրիչ ճառագայթների К-սերիաները, որի համար կիրառվել են առանձին սարքեր՝ իրենց առանձին սկզբնական ճառագայթման աղբյուրներով և ալեփոխարկիչներով, որը բերել է ռենտգենառադիոչափական մեթոդի էֆեկտիվության նվազեցման:
Հետագայում առաջարկել են նոր մեթոդիկա, որը հենված է Cd-109 ռադիոակտիվ աղբյուրով վոլֆրամի L-սերիայի և մոլիբդենի К-սերիայի բնութագրիչ ճառագայթների միաժամանակյա գրգռման վրա: Սակայն այս դեպքում մոլիբդենի որոշման ժամանակ սպեկտրալ հարաբերության պարամետրի և նրա պարունակության կախվածության գծայնությունը խախտվում է վերջինիս մեծ արժեքների դեպքում՝ կապված մոլիբդենի բնութագրիչ ճառագայթման անալիտիկ գծի և ռադիոակտիվ աղբյուրի միապատիկ ցրման ճառագայթների պիկի ոչ լրիվ առանձնացման հետ: Բացի այդ, Cd-109-ը բավականին թանկ է և ունի կիսատրոհման պարբերության ոչ մեծ արժեք:
Նշված թերությունները վերացնելու համար մեր կողմից առաջարկվում է որպես գրգռման առաջնային ռադիոակտիվ աղբյուր օգտագործել երկարակյաց Am-241 իզոտոպը (Т1/2=460 տարի) անագե երկրորդական ճառագայթիչի հետ միասին:
Water intake and feeding with whole milk accentuate metabolic acidosis in calves with induced osmotic diarrhea
Authors: Bregadioli Gabriela de Castro , Santos Maíra Moreira , Cerri Fabrício Moreira , Oliveira João Pedro Marmol de , Pereira Priscilla Fajardo Valente , Flaiban Karina Keller Marques da Costa , Lisbôa Júlio Augusto Naylor
Published: January 2023

Sucrose- and diuretics-based protocols are widely used to induce osmotic diarrhea and dehydration in calves, but they fail to cause metabolic acidosis. In previous studies, calves were fed milk replacers and deprived of water. In this study, we assessed the water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances in calves that were fed whole milk and were not completely deprived of water during the induction period. Healthy, male Holstein calves aged 10-12 days were assigned to two groups: free access to water (FWG; n=17) and water deprivation at night (DWG; n=21); and osmotic diarrhea was induced with sucrose added to milk, spironolactone (2mg kg-1) and hydrochlorothiazide (2mg kg-1) orally every 8h for 48h. pH, pCO2, HCO3-, BE, Na+, K+, Cl-, SID3, TPP, AG, Atot, glucose, L-lactate, D-lactate, SIG, and percentage change in plasma volume were measured in venous blood samples taken at 0, 24, and 48h. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Calves showed diarrhea, mild (FWG) to moderate (DWG) dehydration, hyponatremia, and moderate (FWG) to severe (DWG) metabolic acidosis. AG and D-lactate levels were higher and SIG was lower in the DWG, and there was no hyper-L- or D-lactatemia. The magnitude of metabolic acidosis was similar to that observed in natural cases of diarrhea. The protocol for inducing osmotic diarrhea and dehydration should be applied to calves that are fed whole milk and are not completely deprived of water.
Genetic diversity analysis in dairy cows of Nariño, southwestern Colombia
Authors: Zambrano Maria Fernanda Betancur , Rincón Flores Juan Carlos , Ochoa Rodrigo , Portilla Carlos Eugenio Solarte
Published: January 2023

In Colombia, different dairy breeds were introduced from Europe and the United States, which underwent different crossing and selection processes that generated specific qualities or differences and which likely have their own genomic structure. To characterize genetic diversity, population structure, and admixture, we used genotypes from 23,182 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 130 animals representing four dairy cattle breed groups from Nariño. In addition, we merged genotypes from 43,043 autosomal SNPs, from 137 animals from the Decker database (Decker et al., 2014) (DRYAD doi:10.5061/dryad.th092). After the quality control process of pruning the merged dataset, we were left with 7,475 autosomal SNPs shared by both databases of Nariño (127 samples) and Decker (135 samples). Genetic diversity levels were moderate in all breeds (average observed heterozygosity = 0.40). Based on the fixation index values, we conclude that Brahman individuals were more differentiated than the taurine breeds (-0.374 to 0.076 for Brown Swiss). Pairs between taurine breeds showed low genetic differentiation (0.011-0.479). Principal component analysis revealed that in both the Nariño and Decker databases, the taurine formed the most compact cluster compared with other breeds known not to share the same ancestry, and Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Normand individuals exhibited high similarity with Holstein individuals. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Admixture revealed that Brahman, Jersey, Normand, and Holstein from the Decker databases most of which were clustered together with the dairy breeds of the Nariño highland tropics are not able to create different groups, thus having greater similarity with each other. This can be explained by the crosses made by farmers to increase milk production volume, always based on the Holstein breed with semen of bulls from America and Canada. Detrimental impacts due to intensive selection might cause some specific traits from the region to be fixed in the offspring, which can influence their adaptive capacity to the highland tropics.
Perception of Mothers Regarding Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years Old in Muzaffargarh
Authors: Farooq Zambeel , Masih Sarfraz , Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Malnutrition is still a serious issue that mostly affects children under the age of five worldwide, not just in impoverished nations. Early on in life, ensuring that children get the nutrients they need is critical to their immune system health, as well as their physical and intellectual growth Objectives: To explore the perception of mothers regarding malnutrition in children under five years old in Muzaffargarh. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study carried out in Muzaffargarh, Punjab. Overall 35 participants were employed in the study from Tehsil headquarters Jatoi, Muzaffargarh. The participants were interviewed and the data was audio recorded and in written notes. Thematic analysis was done once the data was collected. Results: The majority (48.6%) of the participants was from the age group of more than 35 years and 71.4% of the participants were living in extended families. More than half (54.3%) of the participants were having 3-4 children and 51.4% of the participants were illiterate. A total of 112 codes were extracted. Overall five these were extracted from 20 categories which highlighted the perception of mothers regarding malnutrition in children under five years old. These five extracted themes were “Lack of Awareness”, “Contributing Factors”, “Poor socioeconomic status”, “Poor quality of diet” and “Poor child Health”. Conclusions: Parents perceived that they done have enough understanding regarding malnutrition. Besides, poor hygiene, improper nutrition, lack of balance diet is some of the contributors of malnutrition among children under five years old. In order to improve parents' knowledge of the appropriate feeding methods for infants and children, health promotion activities should be strengthened at child welfare clinics, health facilities, and at the community level
Inadequate Fixed Prosthesis Design Affecting the Periodontal Health
Authors: Iqbal Mahirah , Akhtar Shamim , Shah Farid Ullah , Ayub Nuzhat , Sartaj Khan Mohammad , Akhtar Qazi Javed
Published: January 2023

A prerequisite for any type of restoration or replacement prosthesis is to be in harmony with the adjacent periodontal tissue and have no harmful effect on its health. Objective: To assess the effect of fixed prosthesis design on health of periodontal tissue. Methods: By using a pre-structured proforma for this observational descriptive study, during the period from September to December 2021, data were collected from sample subjects at Peshawar Dental College and Hospital, Peshawar. A total of  175 (93 females, 82 males) subjects of different ages, were selected with a pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Different variables, such as gingival index, probing pocket depth, margin location of crown / bridge and proximal contact between crown/bridge with adjacent teeth were assessed via William’s Probe. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: All of the 175 subjects had fixed Prosthesis for 10 years or less, among these, 95 received Crown and 80 received Bridge as Fixed Prosthesis. Among these 58 % had Sub-gingivally placed crown margin, 38 % had equi-gingival, while 3 % had Supra-gingival, whereas, 57% of this prosthesis had a tight proximal contact while 42% had an open proximal contact with the adjacent tooth. 55% showed high level of severity for developing Localized periodontal issue at the site of abutment after the insertion of prosthesis, where as 44% developed localized gingivitis at the site of abutment. Conclusion: It was concluded that  high score of gingival index and probing depth were recorded for subgingival finish line location and discrepancies in proximal contact points.
Mortality Analysis During July & September 2022 At Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Khan Sadia , Khalid Rabbia , Umar Muhammad , Abdul Rehman Shaikh , Zaidi Nargis
Published: January 2023

Hospital mortality reflects the quality of healthcare and is a tool to perceive department-wise variations in health care services. Objectives: To determine age, gender and department-wise mortality reported during July and September 2022 at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to analyse the variations in age, sex and department-wise in-hospital mortality among reported deaths at Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH) Rawalpindi during July and September 2022. The data were gathered from Hospital administration through informed consent. The demographics and primary cause of mortality were scrutinized. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Hospital death rate during July and September 2022 were computed. Difference in mean age of the expired cases other than those of infant and neonates was statistically determined by independent sample t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the total 5338 and 4514 patients admitted at BBH during July and September 2022, about 8.2% and 7.1% deaths were reported respectively. On an average 53.2% males and 46.8% females succumbed to various diseases. About 58.5% and 64.2% deaths were reported from Paediatrics department during July and September 2022 respectively. Around 45.6% neonatal deaths were reported during two months’ period. Difference in mean age of expired cases excluding infants and neonates was statistically insignificant (P=0.09). Infants and neonates frequently succumbed to sepsis, low birth weight, birth asphyxia and pneumonia. Conclusion: Infants and neonates are more susceptible to in-hospital mortality predominantly due to sepsis and low birth weight.
Nurses’ Performance Regarding Care of Patients Undergone Liver Transplantation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Imtiaz Sehrish , Yaqoob Adnan , Khan Sadia
Published: January 2023

Viral hepatitis is the seventh largest cause of mortality, with the hepatitis C virus accounting for over half of all viral hepatitis deaths. The nurse plays a vital role in any team of health care professionals concerned within the care of patients. To determine the nurses’ performance regarding care of patients undergone liver transplant. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Liver transplant surgery unit, Pakistan Kidney and Liver institute and research center and Bahria International hospital Lahore. Total 86 nurses were enrolled. Data were collected on a predesigned nurse’s performance questionnaire regarding post liver transplant care and socio demographic characteristics for nurses including age, gender, qualification, duty shift and work experience were noted. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The frequencies, percentages were calculated for qualitative variables and Mean + SD were calculated for quantitative variables. Results: The mean age of nurses in group A as 29.32+5.62 and in group B as 29.35+5.45. Out of 43 participants 9(20.9%) were males whereas 34(79.1%) were females in group A and in group B there were 14(32.6%) were males and 29(67.4%) were females. The mean ranks in group A was 22.66 and in group B it was observed as 21.31. Insignificant difference has been observed in both groups (p-value 0.720). Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that the performance of nurses in terms of patient care is insufficient after liver transplantation
Efficiency of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite in The Removal of Dental Fluorosis Stains
Authors: Rajput Fozia , Ahmed Siddiqui Tanveer , Najmi Naheed , Ravina . , Khalid Qasim , Salman Preesa , Shams Salman
Published: January 2023

Dental fluorosis is a specific disturbance in tooth formation, and is defined as a chronic, fluoride-induced condition in which enamel development is disrupted. Objective: To test the efficiency of 5% sodium hypochlorite in removing dental fluorosis stains. Methods: A 5 percent solution of NaOCl was used in each case. It was administered with a cotton applicator to the whole surface of the teeth, and it was repeated until the NaOCl solution had evaporated. After treatment, a follow-up assessment was conducted by a vita shade guide. Results: Patients with dental fluorosis aged 12 to 20 were enrolled in the study. 32 men (59.3%) and 22 women were studied (40.7%). One patient (1.9%) had completed college. There were 23 (42.6%), 23 (42.6%) and 05 (09.3%) cases with inadequate socioeconomic status. One in ten people (or 18.5%) had a family history of fluorosis. 26 (48.1%) brushed once, 23 (42.6%) brushed twice, and just 05 (09.3%) brushed three times. There were 25 mild instances, 15 moderate cases, 10 severe cases, and 4 severe dental cases (DF). 5% sodium hypochlorite was efficacious in 40 (74.1%) and 14 (24.9%) cases of mild to severe dental fluorosis. Conclusion: The 5% sodium hypochlorite was found to be an efficient method for eliminating dental fluorosis lesions in this investigation. Non-invasive and safe procedure for these lesions. No additional supplies are needed, and it may be used on children's permanent teeth with ease. To support the efficacy of a bigger sample size, further studies are recommended.
Effects of Combined Glucosamine/Chondroitin With Structured Physical Therapy Program On Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Control Trail
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Naeem Aamer , Umar Muhammad , Asif Somiya , Haq Kiran , Saad Hasan Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Osteoarthritis is the most debilitating condition in general population. The incidence rate of this condition is very high. Objective: this study was conducted to observe the effectiveness of glucosamine/chondroitin alone and in combination with physiotherapy on Knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A randomized control trail registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the trail no of NCT05321836. Data was collected from the Physiotherapy clinic and Neurocounsel Hospital Islamabad from 26 July 2021 to 25th March 2022. 30 participants met inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups via envelop method. The experimental group was given unlabeled 1500/1200 mg of GH/CS per day for period of 6 months along with physiotherapy treatment for two months (3 sessions per week). The Control group was treated with 1500/1200 mg of unlabeled GH/CS per day for 6 months. Tools used to measure the outcome were WOMAC scale & SF-36. Measure were taken at baseline, 4th week and at 8th week. Repeated Measure ANOVA was used to analyze results at various weeks and Post Hoc analysis was opted for comparison between groups. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis 
Results: Means+S.D of age in experimental & control group was 64.80+9.65, 60.93+7.61respectively. Repeated measure ANOVA within both groups significant difference at various weeks of treatment as p<0.05. Between groups, Independent t’ test also revealed statistically significant difference as p-value was <0.05. Conclusion: GH/CS along with physiotherapy is very effective in reducing patient’s pain, improving functions, mobility along with quality of life as compared to GH/CS alone.
Roles of Different Radiations in Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jameel Usba , Janan Orakzai Zubair , Rashid Shamoona , Noureen Sumaira
Published: January 2023

The review aimed to describe the role of radiations in treatment of breast cancer. The review also describe that which type of radiation is used to treat different stages of breast cancer i.e, metastatic stage, advance stage and early stage of breast cancer. The radiation therapy plays a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer. The treatment delivery methods are considerably changed in the recent decades. The concept of using radiotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer has remained equally important for oncologists throughout the years still research has been going on to make these radiotherapy sessions more and more convenient for the patients. The combination of breast conservation surgery an APBI can result in survival without having any other health related issues for other nearby organs. Recent findings have reported about incorporation of APBI into clinical usage. APBI should be used for patients with low risk of ductal carcinoma or in case of first stage of invasive ductal cancer which has prominent margins for the excision, and where the estrogen receptor positivity is clear. Radiation therapy is effectively used for the treatment and management of loco regionally advanced and distant metastatic disease. There is research going on to find most appropriate technique in which convenient and protected procedure is used for patients to avoid any side effects. New and advanced techniques are used to limit radiation related toxicity.
Relationship Between Obesity, Menopausal Status and Breast Cancer Risks - A Review
Authors: Mehmood Shafiqa , Yasin Azhar , Ahmad Ijaz , Abiha Rabab Syeda , Muhammad Soomar Arsalan
Published: January 2023

“Breast cancer” is of the leading malignant type of neoplasia responsible for causing high rate of mortality and morbidity. There are many risk factors of “breast cancer” but “obesity” and increased weight have been recognised as the principal risk factors as well as the prognostic factors causing “breast cancer” especially in “postmenopausal” female. “obesity” possess the complex association with “breast cancer” which varies in menopause status (“premenopausal” and “postmenopausal”) women. There are various hypotheses which have been proposed to demonstrate the interaction among “obesity” and high risks of “breast cancer” in “postmenopausal” females. The specific “obesity”-associated factors”, such as leptin, insulin, and inflammatory mediators, are also involved in influencing the progression of “breast cancer” and its prognosis independent of the estrogen level and show their effects at a cellular level by interacting with estrogen signalling pathways. The adiposity level of before the menopause, is inversely interrelated to “breast cancer” risk, exhibiting the protective effect, however in “postmenopausal” females, predominantly in elderly women, the association is positively related to cancer, indicating “obesity” as a risk factor of “breast cancer”. There is found a positive association of higher levels of estrogen production in adipose tissue, consequently resulting in elevated levels of estradiol in systematic circulation, promoting “obesity” related breast carcinogenesis in in “postmenopausal” women. The expression of tumors also effect both progesterone and estrogen receptors. It can be concluded that relation of adiposity and menopausal status is protective effect in younger females (<35 years), before the menopause and negative effects promoting the cancer in older “postmenopausal” women. Therefore, the body composition and “obesity” are highest risk factors for the prognosis of “postmenopausal” breast carcinoma.
أثر استراتيجية جداول التعلم في تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية عند تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي
Authors:   جامعة ديالى / كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية, عبد الكريم العزاوي عدنان
Published: January 2023

يروم الباحث معرفة " أثر استراتيجية الجدول الدراسي في تدريس قواعد اللغة العربية لطلبة الصف الخامس الابتدائي من خلال اختبار صحة الفرضية الصفرية التالية: لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسطات درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا وفق استراتيجية جدول التعلم ومتوسط ​​درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية. اختبار تربوي لقواعد اللغة العربية. وأختار الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذو الضبط الجزئي، اختار الباحث عشوائيا مدرسة مصطفى جواد الابتدائية التابعة للمديرية العامة للتربية والتعليم بمحافظة ديالى / قضاء الخالص كممثل للحقل التجريبي المكون من قسمين ابتدائيين للصف الخامس و (33) طالبا ضابطا. مجموعة. تمت مكافأة الباحثين بعدة متغيرات. وحدد الباحث المادة العلمية لمادة قواعد اللغة العربية التي ضمت سبعة موضوعات من الكتاب اللغة العربية، وصاغ الباحث أهدافاً سلوكية بلغت (68) هدفاً سلوكياً، وأعدّ الباحث أنموذج خطةً تعليمية على وفق استراتيجية جداول التعلم لتعليم لتلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية، وخطة اخرى لتعليم تلاميذ المجموعة الضابطة على وفق الطريقة التقليدية. أما أداة البحث فكانت اختبارا تعليميا بعدي لقواعد اللغة العربية المتكون من (30) فقرة، استخدم الباحث الأساليب الإحصائية من الحزمة التعليمية للبرنامج الإحصائي Spss العدد (19) ، ومربع كأي، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، وسيبرمان –براون، ومعامل الصعوبة، والقوة التميزية، فاعلية البدائل الخاطئة). وفي نهاية التجربة توصل الباحث إلى عدّة نتائج منها: 1- كان أداء الطلاب في المجموعة التجريبية أفضل من الطلاب في المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي. ومن طريق نتائج البحث يوصي الباحث بتوصيات عدّة منها الآتي: ضرورة استعمال استراتيجية جداول التعلم في تعليم قواعد اللغة العربية لدى تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي. العمل على تدريب معلميّ مادة اللغة العربية وتعليمهم على خطوات تطبيق استراتيجية جداول التعلم. ومن طريق نتائج البحث اقترح الباحث بعض المقترحات منها الآتي: إجراء دراسة مماثلة للدراسة الحالية في متغيرات أخرى مثل الاكتساب وتنمية المهارات الاعرابية والتفكير الناقد والعلمي في قواعد اللغة العربية.
المفوضية العليا المستقلة لحقوق الانسان في العراق (هيكلها التنظيمي / علاقتها التعاونية والتمويل المالي)
Authors:   جامعة ديالى، كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية, عدنان عبد الله بلاسم
Published: January 2023

المفوضية العليا لحقوق الانسان جهاز من اجهزة الدولة والتي يتسم بالحياد والتخصص والاستقلال عن تدخل سلطات الدولة من خلال توفير ضمانات لأداء موثوق للمهام الموكلة إليه. تم تكليف دستور 2005 بمهام في مجالات حساسة مثل حماية حقوق الإنسان والحريات، ويضم في جوهره مجموعة متكاملة من حقوق الإنسان المدنية والسياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية والتي تمكن العراقيين من العيش بكرامة، كما تم تخصيصها للعديد من المؤسسات والهيئات التي تحمي وتضمن هذه الحقوق، ومكتب المفوض السامي لحقوق الإنسان من خلال التثقيف والترقية والتشاور مع الولاية المتعلقة بمراجعة التشريعات وبيان مدى الالتزام بالدستور.
دور رأس المال الفكري في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي (دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من متخذي القرار في قطاع الصناعات الكهربائية في العراق)
Authors:   كلية الاقتصاد والتنمية الريفية/ جامعة الجزيرة/ تخصص - ادارة الاعمال, علي كتاب يونس , النعيم محمد علي الفادني مالك ,   كلية الاقتصاد والتنمية الريفية/ جامعة الجزيرة/ السودان, محمد حمد النيل مجدي ,   كلية الاقتصاد والتنمية الريفية/ جامعة الجزيرة
Published: January 2023

تطرق البحث إلى إمكانية وكيفية استعمال رأس المال الفكري في الشركات العامة للقطاع الصناعي في العراق كوسيلة مهمة من أجل؛ تخفيض التكاليف ورفع جودة المنتج ورفع انتاجية اليد العاملة؛ لغرض تحقيق التميز التنظيمي، وقد استطاع البحث من تطبيق هذا الأسلوب في القطاع المبحوث هدفت الدراسة إلى كيفية استعمال رأس المال الفكري وتوصلت إلى نتائج مهمة توضح أنّ رأس المال الفكري يعتبر أحد الركائز المهمة والاساسية؛ للتميز التنظيمي وأنّ حرص القطاع كان واضحاً؛ من اجل تنمية وتطوير رأس المال الفكري وتشجيعها لإمكانيات ومهارات وقدرات العاملين؛ لغرض تحقيق التميز في السوق وأنّ القطاع لديه صورة كاملة عن التميز التنظيمي، وتحقيق ذلك من أولويات اهتمامه وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أهم استنتاج وهو يمثل رأس المال الفكري أحد ركائز الأساسية للتميز التنظيمي واهم التوصيات للدراسة كانت ضرورة التأكد على اهمية راس المال الفكري في تحقيق التميز التنظيمي وضرورة البحث عن السبل التي تنمي القدرة والابداع لدى العاملين للوصول إلى منتجات تتميز عن منتجات المنافسين.
معالجة الاورام الخبيثة بالإشعاع والمسؤولية الجنائية عنها في القانون العراقي
Authors:   قسم القانون/ كلیة بلاد الرافدین الجامعة, غانم محمد فراس
Published: January 2023

ان استخدام الطاقة النووية اصبح في الوقت الحاضر شائع الاستخدام في كثير من المجالات , منها مايتم استخدامها في مجالات تنتفع منها البشرية ( وقت السلم ) ومنها مجالات تلحق الضرر بها كاستخدامها في الاسلحة ( وقت الحروب) . ومن ضمن الاستعمالات التي تصب في خدمة البشرية وعلى نطاق واسع هو استخدامها في المجالات الطبية ومعالجة بعض الامراض , والتي يطلق عليها ( بالإشعاعات المؤينة ) والتي توصل العلم الحديث في مجال الطب الى امكانية استخدامها في معالجة الكثير من الامراض كأمراض ضعف المناعة والاورام الخبيثة . وان استخدام النظائر المشعة قد ساهم في القضاء على تلك الامراض او الحد منها . وقد انتهجت اغلب الدول من خلال سن التشريعات المنظمة لاستخدام هذه المواد والاجهزة الاشعاعية المستخدمة في المجالات الطبية وفي نفس الوقت الوقاية منها ومن مخاطر استخدامها .وقد يستعمل الاشعاع المؤين في تشخيص المرض او العلاج منه اي انه قد يساهم في اكتشاف المرض في مراحله الاولية مما يساعد بعلاجه بنسبة عالية. هذا وقد عنيت الوكالة الدولية للطاقة الذرية بهذا الموضوع فوضعت القواعد المنظمة لاستخدام تلك المواد والاجهزة الاشعاعية المستخدمة فيها وحثت الدول على الالتزام بتلك القواعد من خلال اصدار قوانين داخلية تنظم ذلك الاستخدام للمواد الاشعاعية المؤينة من خلال الحصول على التراخيص اللازمة للمؤسسات والاشخاص العاملين عليها وهذا ماقام به المشرع العراقي حيث اصدر قانون الوقاية من الاشعاعات المؤينة رقم99 لسنة 1980 والذي عالج من خلاله جميع الجوانب الخاصة بالتراخيص والاستخدام والاثار الناتجة عن استخدام مثل تلك الاشعاعات