bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une méthodologie inductive à partir de données empiriques médiatiques : mieux comprendre les modes d’utilisations de l’objet-groupe dans un phénomène
Authors: Boch Bénédicte , Noël Raphaële
Published: February 2021

L’article présente comment l’utilisation de la MTE a permis de dégager une compréhension des modes d’utilisation de l’objet-groupe dans un phénomène social crisogène en examinant les écrits publiés dans un journal militant étudiant. Il décrit les étapes du processus d’analyse et accompagne le lecteur sur le plan méthodologique dans une perspective de transparence et de retraçabilité des résultats. Il met en lumière la perspective inductive du recueil de données et de l’analyse. Il expose les processus de réflexions, les risques de dérapages rencontrés ainsi que les solutions mises en place pour demeurer enraciné dans les données empiriques et retarder l’entrée de la référence aux théories existantes dans une perspective interprétative. Quatre fonctions ont été dégagées et sont pensées comme des déclinaisons d’une métaphore centrale nommée le groupe-barrage (en référence au barrage hydroélectrique). Le groupe est pensé comme un barrage qui, par ses multiples fonctions, permet la traversée de la crise.
Validation d’un outil d’identification des stratégies identitaires en situation interculturelle en langue française, anglaise, espagnole et portugaise
Authors: Hmana Orane , Oulahal Rachid , Soto Galindo Filipe , Denoux Patrick
Published: February 2021

Face aux nouvelles et diverses modalités de contacts culturels, il demeure important de questionner les stratégies qui peuvent être mises en œuvre par les individus qui y sont confrontés. Plusieurs modèles d’élaboration psychique face à la rencontre avec un autre culturel et les conflits identitaires qui peuvent y émerger ont été proposés, tel quel celui élaboré par Camilleri et al. (1990) à travers le modèle des stratégies identitaires. Cet article a pour but de présenter l’outil « i2 – Interculturation et identité » mis en œuvre afin d’identifier les stratégies identitaires de participants. Élaboré initialement en langue française, i2 a été adapté en langues anglaise, espagnole et portugaise en fonction des terrains de recherche.
Nigeria : la fin de l’eldorado
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine
Published: February 2021

Pays le plus peuplé d’Afrique (plus de 214 millions d’habitants en 2020) et troisième pays le plus peuplé du monde derrière l’Inde et la Chine à l’horizon 2050 selon les Nations unies, le Nigeria est aussi une des premières économies du continent grâce à ses ressources pétrolières importantes, et il dispose d’une influence culturelle forte en Afrique. Pour autant, comme le montre ici Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos, ces atouts ne suffiront peut-être pas et il se pourrait que l’âge d’or du Nigeria touche à sa fin : d’une part, en raison des violences et pillages économiques sévissant dans certaines régions ; d’autre part, en raison des comportements frauduleux et de la corruption qui gangrènent de nombreux pouvoirs locaux. Et si les autorités nigérianes donnent l’impression d’agir et de légiférer pour répondre à ces dysfonctionnements, l’action n’est parfois que de façade et, au final, la démocratie perd en légitimité. De là à accréditer la thèse d’un démembrement possible comme certains observateurs l’évoquent parfois, il y a un pas : malgré ses faiblesses actuelles, le Nigeria est un pays qui a prouvé sa résilience par le passé et dont l’unité nationale reste solide. Tout dépendra sans doute, in fine , de la capacité des élites politiques et économiques à redistribuer la rente pétrolière et à réduire les inégalités sociales — vaste chantier…  S.D.
Crise sanitaire et inégalités générationnelles
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte
Published: February 2021

Dans la série ouverte dans ce numéro sur les inégalités entre générations, à l’inverse de l’analyse faite par André Masson 1 , l’article d’Hippolyte d’Albis montre que, de génération en génération, le sort des Français n’a cessé de s’améliorer, mais qu’en revanche les inégalités au sein desdites générations s’accroissent sensiblement. N’abusons pas, écrit-il, de l’expression de « génération sacrifiée » traditionnellement réservée à des événements guerriers : à l’aune des revenus, de l’espérance de vie comme des niveaux d’éducation, les jeunes ont un net avantage sur leurs aînés. Ils bénéficient en outre de transferts publics et privés largement équivalents à ceux des seniors. Et, comme toutes les générations, ils verront leur revenu disponible croître à tous les âges. En revanche, il existe des inégalités croissantes entre les jeunes selon qu’ils sont ou non qualifiés et donc différemment exposés au risque du chômage.  H.J.
La puissance des idées simples
Authors: Héron Antoine
Published: February 2021

La prospective visant, entre autres, à nourrir les esprits de sorte que chacun puisse devenir acteur d’un avenir choisi et non subi, la revue Futuribles a régulièrement fait écho aux expériences de terrain, témoignant qu’il est possible d’infléchir le cours des choses. C’était notamment le but de la rubrique « Artisans du futur » lancée en 2013, qui retrouve aujourd’hui des couleurs au travers de cet article d’Antoine Héron présentant trois initiatives citoyennes porteuses d’avenir, soutenues par l’association ICDD (Innovation citoyenne et développement durable). La première d’entre elles, Terrao, repose sur la mise en place de systèmes de récupération d’énergie et d’assainissement de l’air inspirés du narguilé, des procédés simples, peu coûteux et vertueux sur le plan environnemental qui pourraient être aisément généralisés. La deuxième initiative, Rezo Pouce, est un système de mobilité partagée en milieu rural consistant à faciliter le recours à l’auto-stop. Et la troisième, la fontaine Safe Water Cube, est un système très simple et peu coûteux de filtration / traitement des eaux pour rendre l’eau potable en tout point du globe. Ces trois exemples sont des initiatives typiquement «  bottom-up  », c’est-à-dire émanant du terrain, et proposent des solutions simples à mettre en place pour répondre à des problèmes de société. Malheureusement, comme trop souvent, elles peinent à se diffuser et à trouver des relais dans les hauts lieux de la décision politique. Espérons que cet espace ouvert dans nos colonnes leur offre une visibilité accrue…  S.D.
2020, une bonne année pour l’Europe ?
Authors: Drevet Jean-François
Published: February 2021

Dans cette première chronique européenne rédigée en 2021 (le numéro de janvier-février étant sorti fin décembre, sa chronique avait été bouclée fin novembre), Jean-François Drevet dresse un bilan de ce que l’année 2020 a apporté à l’Union européenne. Marquée notamment par la crise de la Covid-19 et ses conséquences socio-économiques, ainsi que par le Brexit, l’année 2020 a, paradoxalement, permis un certain nombre d’avancées dans l’Union. Cette chronique les précise s’agissant de quatre grands dossiers : le Plan de relance économique, la négociation des conditions de sortie du Royaume-Uni, la gestion des questions migratoires et la politique de sécurité. Sur les deux premiers points, l’Union a ainsi pu montrer un visage fort et déterminé, très encourageant ; en revanche, les progrès sont plus laborieux sur les deux derniers points, qu’il ne faudrait pourtant pas négliger pour redorer et renforcer la position de l’Union européenne sur l’échiquier mondial.  S.D.
La construction du capital territorial dans les espaces-frontières : problématique, typologie
Authors: Bramanti Alberto , Ratti Remigio
Published: February 2021

Les zones transfrontalières ont leur propre capital territorial. Toutefois, il ne peut pas être la simple addition des composantes des zones frontières concernées. Bien souvent, il est qualifié, positivement ou négativement, par des spécificités découlant du jeu complexe des interactions, synergies, blocages et complémentarités, entre contraintes institutionnelles et processus d’intégration et de globalisation. L’objectif de cet essai est alors – dans un contexte de référence théorique encore ouvert – de dresser une typologie des différentes problématiques de développement. Cette démarche est proposée sur la toile de fond du capital territorial. Ainsi le croisement entre les trois articulations du capital territorial (productivité, clusterisation, emplacement) et les trois conceptions évolutives de la frontière (ligne de séparation, zone de contact, ouverte à l’horizon) donne lieu à un cadre théorique d’analyse et à un tableau typologique des effets frontières intéressant et stimulant pour une nouvelle génération d’analyses du terrain et des stratégies de politiques transfrontalières. Classification JEL  : H73, O18, R12, R58
Le « Programme de Régularisation des Zones Spéciales d’Intérêt Social »
Authors: Carrière Jean-Paul
Published: February 2021

Les métropoles brésiliennes connaissent un niveau de fragmentation socio-spatiale très élevé. Les politiques urbaines y sont soumises à des contradictions permanentes entre le souci de promouvoir des espaces attractifs à l’échelle internationale, et la volonté de réduire la fragmentation urbaine. Partant de cette contradiction, et en nous appuyant sur le cas de Recife, nous analysons le Programme de Régularisation des Zones Spéciales d’Intérêt Social – Prezeis – comme une innovation politico-sociale paradoxale conduisant à figer, au moins temporairement, la fragmentation socio-spatiale, pour permettre aux populations des favelas d’accéder sur les lieux mêmes de leur vie, à des conditions de vie plus conformes aux normes de logement et d’utilisation de l’espace urbain. Classification JEL  : I32, I38, O54, R21, R52
New approaches for territorial policies: the convergence between smart specialisation and cluster policies
Authors: Del Castillo Jaime , Paton Jonatan , Barroeta Belen
Published: February 2021

Les clusters sont progressivement devenus une tendance politique territoriale de plus en plus répandue dans le monde entier. Dans ce contexte, leur importance a été associée au concept de spécialisation intelligente, un modèle de développement territorial axé sur l'efficience et l'efficacité des systèmes économiques. Néanmoins, la révision sur le terrain des conceptions politiques actuelles semble indiquer que la combinaison des deux approches est plus théorique que réelle, ce qui aboutit à des pratiques isolées, éloignées d'une approche politique territoriale intégrée et des synergies qu'elle peut générer. L’objectif de cet article est donc double : tout d’abord passer en revue les éléments communs des débats actuels sur les clusters et la politique de spécialisation intelligente, et ensuite proposer les implications potentielles d’une approche RIS3 prenant en compte les clusters, et inversement, en tant que proposition préliminaire pour une politique territoriale intégrée. Classification JEL  : R12
Finding the Singularity of a Black Hole: Cosmic Censorship Conjecture
Authors: GWAK Bogeun
Published: February 2021

According to the singularity theorem, a curvature singularity can be formed in a gravitational collapse under the null energy condition. Eventually, the singularity possesses sufficient mass density for the horizon to appear, and the compact object thereby evolves into a black hole. Hence, on the basis of general relativity, the singularity must be located at the center of the black hole. Our curiosity begins here: can we see the singularity? To answer this question, the cosmic censorship conjecture comes into play. That conjecture, which was originally proposed by Penrose, has two versions. The weak version states that a static observer located outside the black hole cannot see the singularity. Furthermore, the strong version states that no observers can see the singularity. Studies regarding the cosmic censorship conjecture are still ongoing, and evidently, its validation requires a deep understanding of the theory of gravity, including general relativity. Herein, we review the progress of studies associated with the weak and the strong cosmic censorship conjectures. Furthermore, we briefly describe the Penrose process for extracting energy from a black hole.
Is Strategy Dead?
Authors: Meneses Raquel
Published: February 2021

Traditionally, it was seen as a major goal for companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, based on external conditions and/or internal conditions. Firms should seize opportunities and neutralize threats based on their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses. However, nowadays, we live in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous context. Markets are very dynamic (hypercompetition), and thus, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is not possible anymore. In this conceptual chapter, the authors claim that organizations need to be aware of and prepared for this transition. Firms need different tools and frameworks to deal with future situations – design a strategy is not enough; now, to achieve success, firms have to follow a transformational, VUCAS, strategy.
Business Model Design
Authors: Quirino Rayssa , Dias Alvaro Lopes
Published: February 2021

Business model design refers to the design of transactions operated by an organization represented by the content, structure, and governance of all transactions that occur in an organization in order to create value through exploration of a business opportunity. This study has as objective to analyze the impact of one or more business model design has on the performance. Through the conduct of surveys, a sample of 30 companies was collected between Europe and Brazil. The results showed that it was not possible to obtain correlations to validate the hypotheses, due to the great difficulty of obtaining the data by the companies, thus leading to a reduced number of respondents. This study contributes significantly to the theory of innovation and entrepreneurship, as a response to a latent need on the part of the literature to consistently homogenize the understanding about the theme and clear recommendations and practices for management.
Examination of Empirical Studies on Customer Engagement, Online Engagement, and Social Media Engagement
Authors: Yürük-Kayapınar Pınar
Published: February 2021

Customer engagement is more than a purchase between a customer and a business. Activities such as active participation of the customer in the business, loyalty to the brand, continuous exchange of information are a few of the customer engagement activities. Today, with the developing and changing internet technologies, the concept of customer engagement is also handled from a different angle. Because both businesses and customers have started to use internet technologies in all their activities. This situation led to the emergence of the concepts of online engagement and social media engagement. Thus, customers are now making all their interactions with the business online or through social media accounts. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the process from customer engagement to online and social media engagement and to present empirical studies on these topics.
Customer Engagement
Authors: Bibi Sitara , Hameed Waseem UI , Anwer Bushra , Saleem Muneeba , Niaz Shafqat Ali
Published: February 2021

Customer engagement (CE) has become a hot topic of today's business. It has been widely recognized as one of the most important drivers of a business's prosperity. Customer engagement (CE) is considered as a perfect predictor of firm's growth as it works as an effective strategy to build and maintain strong relationship between customers and firms. This chapter is aimed to explore the theoretical foundations of customer engagement (CE) and provides clear insight and comprehensive knowledge about customer engagement and CE models that widely used by firms to engage their customers, contribution of CE in value creation process, as well as barriers apparent in introducing customer engagement analytics and their capabilities of dealing with large customer data-set as well. This chapter is beneficial for a reason that it may provide a comprehensive knowledge about customer engagement to the academics (i.e., marketing students, scholars, and researchers) as well as practitioners of various industries.
Review of Customer Activism Concepts
Authors: Żyminkowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The concept of customer engagement (CE) refers to the customer activism in value formation which is not a new notion in the marketing and management literature. Existing theories of customer activism constitute particular anchors for systemizing the knowledge on optimal CE and offer considerable value to the developing literature on the profitable CE management. Those notions are associated with two influential metatheories, such as value co-creation and network management, and include prosumption, customer participation, service and service-dominant logic, customer resource integration, extended resource-based view, user and open innovation, and customer integration in innovation process. The main objective of this chapter is to review the above-mentioned concepts in order to recognize their managerial implications which might inform CE management efforts undertaken by managers in each stage of this process. This chapter contributes to a better understanding of the CE management challenges and provides additional insights for advancing the research in this domain.
Application of Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents for Water Defluoridation
Authors: Nyairo Wilfrida Nyanduko , Ng'eno Emily , Shikuku Victor Odhiambo , Ssebugere Patrick
Published: February 2021

Defluoridation of drinking water is a subject of great concern due to the side effects of exposure to fluorine such as fluorosis, damage to vital organs such as the brain, liver, and kidney, among others. Fluorine finds itself in water resources both by geological and anthropogenic processes. Adsorption still remains the popular method of defluoridation and water treatment in general due to its inherent advantages such as simplicity and low-cost. This chapter discusses at length the up-to-date data on the preparation and adsorption capacities of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials as emerging adsorbents for sequestration of fluoride from water. Their synthesis, efficiency, and suggested adsorption mechanisms are examined. It is demonstrated that MOFs are low-cost, efficient, and environmentally benign alternative adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution.
Meet Them Where They Are (A Perspective That Works Both Ways)
Authors: Krissek Lawrence
Published: February 2021

Partnerships between educators and science faculty can be professionally productive and personally fulfilling, but developing such partnerships can be challenging. This chapter describes the career trajectory of a geoscience faculty member who evolved from a focus on research within his science discipline to a portfolio of activities including disciplinary science research, geoscience education activities, and geoscience education research. The author provides suggestions for how to identify potential science faculty partners and how to develop and maintain successful partnerships.
The Role of the Knowledgeable Other in Student-Scientist-Teacher Partnerships
Authors: McClusky Sarah L. , Farland-Smith Donna
Published: February 2021

This chapter focuses on the language and interactions of a visiting scientist and a group of second-grade students (N=18). Guiding this study was the understanding that a student-scientist-teacher partnership supports a social cultural perspective that provides a zone of proximal development in a multifaceted and effective exchange of knowledge for all members of the partnership. The study examined how these interactions can be understood in terms of the zone of proximal development at different levels. It was determined that all three members of the triad can be the more knowledgeable other and move the knowledge between them.
Learning About the Authentic Nature of Scientific Work From Professional Scientists
Authors: Burgin Stephen R.
Published: February 2021

In this chapter, it is argued that in order to be able to participate in authentic science through something like a research apprenticeship, students and teachers alike must be well versed in what professional scientists do as they conduct their research. Partnerships with working scientists can be leveraged in a number of ways to do just this. As a result, teachers and students can be made aware of the professional work of scientists and the ways in which they can participate in and mentor others to engage in authentic research both in and out of the classroom.
Connecting Pre-Service Teachers to Astronauts and the International Space Station Through an Educational Downlink
Authors: Allaire Franklin S. , Kamas Becky
Published: February 2021

Pre-service teachers, particularly those focusing on early childhood and elementary education, consistently view science as one of the disciplines they felt the least comfortable teaching. Connecting students, pre-service teachers, and in-service teachers with STEM experts, such as astronauts, through downlinks or other virtual visits, creates invaluable learning opportunities in and out of the classroom. In February 2017, pre-service teachers at UHD connected with Astronaut Joseph Acaba while he was on the International Space Station through an Educational Downlink. It was an opportunity for pre-service teachers to learn first-hand about living and working in space, what life is like for an astronaut, and how to translate the research happening in space into their everyday lives and classrooms. The experience of interacting with Acaba had a profound short- and long-term impacts for the pre-service teachers directly involved in the downlink and shaped how they approach teaching, science education, and NASA-related opportunities for their students.
Training Students to Conduct Outreach in an Informal Science Learning Environment
Authors: Wagner Laura , Moore Leslie C. , Campbell-Kibler Kathryn
Published: February 2021

This chapter reviews a science outreach training course designed for the Language Sciences Research Lab, a working research facility embedded inside of the Center of Science and Industry (COSI). The course integrates training in informal science education theory, background in a specific science area (language science) and extensive hands-on work at COSI where students engage museum visitors in interactive language-focused activities. Key components of the course are described and a formal evaluation of the course outcomes is reported. The authors discuss how the course enhances an existing partnership between COSI and Ohio State University, as well as ways in which its core elements have been adapted to other fields.
Reaching Consumers Through Video Marketing in Africa by Enhancing Industrial Growth and the Realization of SDGs and African Agenda 2063
Authors: Kangu Maureen Adhiambo , Kyule Alexander Katuta , Mosoti Adrian Bosire
Published: February 2021

This study sought to find out the effect of video marketing as a strategy to create awareness on industrial goods and services in order to promote trade in Africa and alleviate poverty in line with the SDGs and the African Agenda 2063. Video marketing involves the use of product content in the form of videos so as to promote a brand, product, or service. An online survey used Google Forms to collect primary data. The respondents answered the questions from web browsers of their choice. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The study found that most internet users preferred to access the internet via their smartphones and that they usually downloaded entire videos and other advertisements. In addition, a majority preferred You Tube and Instagram. The study recommends the use of you tube and Instagram to advertise goods within the East African market.
Using Data Mining Techniques to Predict Obstetric Fistula in Tanzania
Authors: Fihavango Titus , Mohsini Mustafa Habibu , Mselle Leonard J.
Published: February 2021

DM practices in medical sciences have brought about improved performance in analysis of large and complex datasets. DM facilitates evidence-based medical hypotheses. Nowadays, health diseases, especially obstetric fistula, are increasing. CCBRT reports, approximately 3,000 women suffer from obstetric fistula annually. Since efforts to eradicate obstetric fistula have been inadequate, the researcher was motivated to employ MLA in BIO informatics to detect obstetric fistula. The purpose of this chapter was to use DM techniques to predict obstetric fistula. The datasets involving 367 patient records from January 2015 to February 2019 were collected from CCBRT. The environment was used to describe the accurate of predictive model was CV, ROC, and CM. The research was performed using six different MLA. The accuracy performance between algorithms shows that LR has better accuracies of 87.678%, precision measures of 91%, recall measures of 82%, f1-score measures of 86%, and support measures of 74%. Thus, the researcher chose to use LR as the proposed obstetric fistula prediction model.
A Dual Band Frequency Reconfigurable Metasurface Antenna
Authors: Ulomi George Shilela , Kilavo Hassan
Published: February 2021

In this chapter, a single feed metasurface antenna with smooth dual-band frequency reconfiguration is proposed. The designed antenna has a simple and compact structure to be used in portable wireless communication devices. The antenna consists of two circular layers of substrate material placed one on top of the other. The lower layer is printed with a rectangular patch antenna in one side, and the other side is a ground plane. The upper substrate layer lay on top of patch antenna side is printed with a number of unit-cells on its upper side. To achieve frequency reconfiguration, the upper substrate layer is mechanically rotated at an angle θz in a clockwise direction along Z-axis. Based on rotation angle, the antenna scattering parameters (S11 and S21) of the unit cell are subjected to change which thereby affects relative permittivity of the upper layer resulting to a frequency reconfiguration.
Massive MIMO-Based Network Planning and Performance Evaluation for High Speed Broadband Connection in Rural Areas of Tanzania
Authors: Mwalongo Marko , Hassan Kilavo
Published: February 2021

The need for high speed broadband connection in rural areas is inevitable since services like e-governance, virtual classrooms, telemedicine, video-on-demand, home entertainment, etc. are needed. However, in order to provide broadband services, service providers must incur high deployment costs and wait for long time for return on investments. Thus, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with its favorable propagation phenomenon can be exploited as an alternative to boost signal coverage in rural areas while providing high speed broadband connection. In this chapter, planning and performance evaluation for massive MIMO network has been conducted for rural areas in Tanzania. Infovista and MATLAB tools were used for network simulation. The results show that massive MIMO network at 5MHz bandwidth performs better in terms of RSRP and SINRu when compared to 10 MHz and 20MHz channel bandwidths.
Determinants of Farmer Participation in Private and Public Extension Organizations in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ayansina Simeon Olusola , Adedeji Isreal Ajibade , Ayinde Fadilat Adefunke , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah
Published: February 2021

This study was designed to analyze the participation of farmers in the public and private extension organizations in Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling methods was used in selection of 30 beneficiaries from ADP, FADU, and JDPM-RUDEP in three states from Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to collect data and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Kruskal Wallis test of difference (X2 =0.79, assymp. Sig of 0.72) shows that beneficiaries' participation in the extension services of public and private organizations was not different but correlation results indicated association between farmers' participation in public (r =0.279, p<lt; 0.10) and FADU (r =0.790, p <lt; 0.10) and benefits derived. It was concluded that farmers' participation in the study organizations were not significantly different, but was associated with benefits from some organizations. Benefit-oriented extension programmes are recommended for extension organizations in order to benefit the participants in their specific needs.
Optimal Scheduling of Parallel Jobs With Unknown Service Requirements
Authors: Berg Benjamin , Harchol-Balter Mor
Published: February 2021

Large data centers composed of many servers provide the opportunity to improve performance by parallelizing jobs. However, effectively exploiting parallelism is non-trivial. For each arriving job, one must decide the number of servers on which the job is run. The goal is to determine the optimal allocation of servers to jobs that minimizes the mean response time across jobs – the average time from when a job arrives until it completes. Parallelizing a job across multiple servers reduces the response time of that individual job. However, jobs receive diminishing returns from being allocated additional servers, so allocating too many servers to a single job leads to low system efficiency. The authors consider the case where the remaining sizes of jobs are unknown to the system at every moment in time. They prove that, if all jobs follow the same speedup function, the optimal policy is EQUI, which divides servers equally among jobs. When jobs follow different speedup functions, EQUI is no longer optimal and they provide an alternate policy, GREEDY*, which performs within 1% of optimal in simulation.
Supercomputing in the Study and Stimulation of the Brain
Authors: Dipietro Laura , Elkin-Frankston Seth , Ramos-Estebanez Ciro , Wagner Timothy
Published: February 2021

The history of neuroscience has tracked with the evolution of science and technology. Today, neuroscience's trajectory is heavily dependent on computational systems and the availability of high-performance computing (HPC), which are becoming indispensable for building simulations of the brain, coping with high computational demands of analysis of brain imaging data sets, and developing treatments for neurological diseases. This chapter will briefly review the current and potential future use of supercomputers in neuroscience.
The Cascading Effects of Gross Motor Development and the Impact of Intervention in Early Childhood
Authors: Brian Ali S.
Published: February 2021

Today's preschoolers are facing a secular decline with their motor development. Intervention, via physical education in preschool, can be effective to remediate gross motor delays. Teachers need ongoing support in order to intervene. If teachers intervene, children may be placed onto a positive developmental trajectory towards lifespan health. Children's gains in gross motor can transcend into other domains of development. Thus, the author urges early childhood policymakers to strongly consider hiring a licensed physical educator to implement daily physical education to preschoolers to maximize positive developmental trajectories of health. If these policy changes do not occur, children may continue on their secular decline with deleterious consequences across multiple developmental domains and school readiness.
Benefits and Multiple Learning Effects of Recess Among Nursery School Children
Authors: Kaur Supreet
Published: February 2021

Parents these days are very peculiar about their child's education and development. The first five years of a child's life are fundamentally important. They are the foundation years that shapes children's future health, happiness, growth, development, and learning achievement at school, in the family and community, and generally in life. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the benefits and positive outcomes for play in kindergarten classrooms, despite current challenges to playful learning. In this chapter, the authors discuss some key research findings that show the importance of play and outdoor exploration for developing the child holistically such as risk taking and resilience abilities, love for nature, troubleshooting, reading and writing, academic skills, physical development and health, social-emotional and soft skills, and overall brain development of the child. The interventional techniques will be discussed which will be helpful both for the parents and teachers so that children can learn in all the environments they are being exposed to.
Psychomotricity and Development of Emotional Bonds Between Parents and Children in Early Childhood
Authors: Cachón-Zagalaz Javier , Sánchez-Zafra María , Sanabrias-Moreno Déborah , González-Valero Gabriel , Lara-Sánchez Amador Jesús , Zagalaz-Sánchez Mª Luisa
Published: February 2021

The practice of physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits for children and adults. Participation in family PA when children are young is a determining factor in the acquisition of healthy habits. The objectives of this chapter are to design and implement a PA program for children in early childhood education and primary education (PE) and to promote PA in children and parents. This is done through the application of innovative PA through the following contents: motor stories with oral narration, sports initiation, music, expression and dance, yoga and relaxation. Analysis is done by taking of data through photos and videos and subsequent analysis of the image, personal reflection of the students of teaching, semi-structured interview of parents, sheet of observations and oral narrations of the children. The chapter concludes that parents express their motivation towards the shared PA with the children. The children explain their satisfaction with the classes developed and with playing with family.
Formation of Practical Experience With Teachers of Physical Education in the Room of Psychomotricity in Childish Education
Authors: Roz Faraco Carmen Cecilia , Martínez-Heredia Nazaret
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this research is the design of a training program for teachers of education physics in the institution of psychomotor circuits within the psychomotor room in the Educational Center Santa Rosa School (Venezuela) using a methodology based on participatory action research capable of handling the most elementary and obvious didactic situations determined and delimited by the actors themselves based on the implementation of the cycle model—reflection-practice-observation-execution—which transforms the teachers in protagonist and integrates the figure of the educational advisor in the process of formation. The results show the change from a poorly supported pedagogical practice to an enriched one where the creation of a method of systematization of information stands out, which made his work more effective due to the creation of a series of formats for evaluation and observation relevant to the population and its performance.
Didactic Proposal for Physical Education for Three-Year Olds in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Ruiz Carmen Delgado , Ponce Elena Portero , Vela Elena González , Álvarez María Muñoz
Published: February 2021

Throughout this chapter the authors are going to present a didactic proposal, called “Lights, Camera, and Action” that is arranged to be carried out with three-year-old boys and girls and consists of five sessions, which will be spread over 15 days, and physical activity will be performed twice a week. In this proposal, topics like the typical in the performing arts such as circus, theater, dance, and music are explored. In this playful and motivating way, physical activity will be promoted, through our own content such as jumps, turns, and different types of balance. The didactic proposal contains objectives, competences, and contents, regulated by the Curriculum Decree 67/2007 establishing Early Childhood Education in the Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
Mobile Health and Telemedicine
Authors: Etim Alice , Etim David N. , Scott Jasmine
Published: February 2021

In 2016, the U.S. Government health expenditures reached $3.35 trillion and the cost per person stood at $10,345. Health is seen as impacting both one's quality of life and finances. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (2008 - 2016) brought the issue of cost to the forefront for all people especially those in the health disparate communities. Advances in health informatics coupled with new approaches to healthcare delivery may hold promise for this large industry in the USA that critically needs to be cost effective in order to sustain itself. This paper reports a study that investigated importance of health, mobile health (m-Health) and telemedicine awareness along with its adoption in a health disparate community that has one of the Historical Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs) in the country. The findings were that, all participants owned a mobile (cell) phone with smart features. Although a large number them indicated that their health was very important to them, there was lack of awareness and adoption of m-Health and telemedicine.
Regulatory Issues in Telehealth
Authors: Hardacre Alison , Wheeler Lachlan
Published: February 2021

Telehealth and digital health more broadly have become two of the fastest growing IT sectors in the world. They have the potential to transform lives everywhere, often before regulation has had the chance to catch up to everyday reality in healthcare. This chapter is grounded in clinical practice occurring at the time of writing and discusses at a high level regulatory issues in telehealth. This chapter argues that complexities regarding regulation over clinical applicability, patient identification, bandwidth, and funding mechanisms, as well as data storage, jurisdiction, and usage should not prevent uptake of telehealth and digital health given the clinical benefits of telehealth in countries such as Australia and internationally.
Deep Learning and Sustainable Telemedicine
Authors: Chen Edward T.
Published: February 2021

The need for healthcare is increasing on a global scale. The lack of medical professionals available to fill this need has increased interest in deep learning and sustainable telemedicine technologies. Telemedicine has been shown to be financially beneficial to both patients and healthcare facilities, provided that government regulations and insurance companies recognize them as a reimbursable expense. Advancements in cloud computing, deep learning, and telemedicine are creating a global standard for healthcare, and at the same time increasing the need for these services.
Deep Data Analytics
Authors: Bhatia Madhulika , Hooda Madhurima , Gupta Priya
Published: February 2021

In the past, doctors and specialists were not connected to patients through telemedicine for providing virtual health and medicine. In rural areas, where experts in medical fields were not able to reach or be present at, telemedicine proved a great benefit. As the years passed, the explosive use of the internet brought profound changes to telemedicine practices. The escalation of smart devices with the capability of delivering high quality video and audio raised the possibilities of delivering remote healthcare. Telehealth care helps patients at home or at assisted living facilities as a revolutionary alternative to personal visits for both basic as well as expert care. Applying deep data analytics to telemedicine will create new horizons in telehealth by analyzing large data sets of patients using live video streaming to predict the health challenges of patients.
Performance Analysis of Compression Techniques for Chronic Wound Image Transmission Under Smartphone-Enabled Tele-Wound Network
Authors: Chakraborty Chinmay
Published: February 2021

The healing status of chronic wounds is important for monitoring the condition of the wounds. This article designs and discusses the implementation of smartphone-enabled compression technique under a tele-wound network (TWN) system. Nowadays, there is a huge demand for memory and bandwidth savings for clinical data processing. Wound images are captured using a smartphone through a metadata application page. Then, they are compressed and sent to the telemedical hub with a set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT) compression algorithm. The transmitted image can then be reduced, followed by an improvement in the segmentation accuracy and sensitivity. Better wound healing treatment depends on segmentation and classification accuracy. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of rates (bits per pixel), compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, transmission time, mean square error and diagnostic quality under telemedicine framework. A SPIHT compression technique assisted YDbDr-Fuzzy c-means clustering considerably reduces the execution time (105s), is simple to implement, saves memory (18 KB), improves segmentation accuracy (98.39%), and yields better results than the same without using SPIHT. The results favor the possibility of developing a practical smartphone-enabled telemedicine system and show the potential for being implemented in the field of clinical evaluation and the management of chronic wounds in the future.
IoT-Based Health Services Framework for Endless Ailment Administration at Remote Areas
Authors: Rajaseskaran Rajkumar , Bhasin Mridual , Govinda K. , Masih Jolly , Sruthi M.
Published: February 2021

The objective is to build an IoT-based patient monitoring smart device. The device would monitor real-time data of patients and send it to the Cloud. It has become imperative to attend to minute internal changes in the body that affect overall health. The system would remotely take care of an individual's changes in health and notify the relatives or doctors of any abnormal changes. Cloud storages provide easy availability and monitoring of real-time data. The system uses microcontroller Arduino Nano and sensors – GY80, Heartbeat sensor, Flex sensor, and Galvanic Skin (GSR) sensor with a Wi-Fi Module.
Healthcare Automation System by Using Cloud-Based Telemonitoring Technique for Cardiovascular Disease Classification
Authors: Halder Basudev , Mitra Sucharita , Mitra Madhuchhanda
Published: February 2021

This paper illustrates the cloud-based telemonitoring framework that implements healthcare automation system for myocardial infarction (MI) disease classification. For this purpose, the pathological feature of ECG signal such as elevated ST segment, inverted T wave, and pathological Q wave are extracted, and MI disease is detected by the rule-based rough set classifier. The information system involves pathological feature as an attribute and decision class. The degree of attributes dependency finds a smaller set of attributes and predicted the comprehensive decision rules. For MI decision, the ECG signal is shared with the respective cardiologist who analyses and prescribes the required medication to the first-aid professional through the cloud. The first-aid professional is notified accordingly to attend the patient immediately. To avoid the identity crisis, ECG signal is being watermarked and uploaded to the cloud in a compressed form. The proposed system reduces both data storage space and transmission bandwidth which facilitates accessibility to quality care in much reduced cost.
Mobile Health (M-Health) for Tele-Wound Monitoring
Authors: Chakraborty Chinmay
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes the implementation of tele-wound monitoring (TWM) for a patient's chronic wound using a smartphone. The system proved to be quick and reliable for providing healthcare at the doorstep. The smartphone-enabled a tele-wound monitoring (TWM) framework, which is used for remote wound monitoring, has been highlighted. The TWM is effective for both rural as well as urban people; it provides good performance in terms of wound monitoring and diagnosis. The objective of this chapter is to design and develop a TWM system model that can acquire, process and monitor chronic wound-related problems by using a low-cost smartphone to increase the overall performance of the system. Specifically, the TWM system is developed for biomedical information like chronic wound processing to monitor important patient information inexpensively and accurately. The implementation is carried out using hypertext preprocessor (PHP) and MySql database and especially by Firebase cloud database, which is used for improving the efficiency.
“Smart Home Sweet Smart Home”
Authors: Marikyan Davit , Papagiannidis Savvas , Alamanos Eleftherios
Published: February 2021

Technology acceptance in private spaces has not received much attention, although users' behaviour may be different due to the space in which usage takes place. To address this gap, the present study proposed a model exploring individuals' values, users' perception of technology performance and attitudinal beliefs in relation to use behaviour and satisfaction when using smart technologies in their homes. The study employed a sample of 422 participants in the USA. Structural equation modelling was utilised to test the proposed hypotheses. The model provided robust results explaining factors underpinning the use of pervasive technology in private settings. Specifically, the study showed that hedonic and utilitarian beliefs are critical for the perception of task fit, whereas privacy and financial factors were found to be not significant. The fit between tasks and technology demonstrated a significant role in predicting perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, use behaviour, and satisfaction. Lastly, use behaviour showed a positive correlation with satisfaction.
Supply Chain Management Supported by E-Invoicing
Authors: Klinčar Amir , Zoroja Jovana
Published: February 2021

E-invoice refers to the usage of the internet system to provide different payment processes. The advantages of e-invoicing have been recognized by many organizations. Therefore, enterprises are trying to replace paper invoices with electronic documents. Automated business processes are the future of the modern economy, and implementation of e-invoicing into a supply chain management leads to broader automation projects (e.g., evaluated receipts, supply chain finance). In this paper, the authors explore differences between enterprises in European countries according to the usage of e-invoicing by the enterprises different by size (small, medium, and large). Data were collected from the Eurostat database regarding usage of e-invoicing by enterprises for the year 2018. Variables used in the analysis are (1) enterprises sending e-invoices suitable for automated processing, (2) enterprises sending e-invoices not suitable for automated processing, (3) enterprises sending paper invoices. First, collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Second, cluster analysis was conducted to compare small, medium, and large enterprises regarding their behavior related to e-supply chain management using e-invoices.
Power-Aware Mechanism for Scheduling Scientific Workflows in Cloud Environment
Authors: Kataraki Kirankumar V. , Maradithaya Sumana
Published: February 2021

Cloud computing is a platform that hosts various services and applications for users and businesses to access computing as a service. Cloud provider offers two distinct types of plans: reserved service and on-demand service. Cloud resources need to be allocated efficiently, and task needs to be scheduled efficiently such that the performance can be enhanced. In this research work, the authors have proposed a novel mechanism named PAMP (performance aware mechanism for parallel computation) for scheduling scientific workflows. At first, the resources are allocated using the optimal resource allocation mechanism. Then tasks are scheduled in parallel utilizing the task scheduling algorithm. Further, they consider energy and time as constrained to makespan optimization. The evaluation is carried out by considering the scientific workflows cyber snake with its different variant, and the comparative analysis is carried out by varying the number of virtual machines. The proposed methodology outperforms the existing model.