bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Selfish and Selfless Motives
Authors: Carrasco Gabriela , Kinnamon Eric
Published: December 2016

Current behavioral economics/game theory and social psychology literature have been captivated by the idea of altruism and egoism. In large part, these two disciplines have tried to determine the foundation of selfish and selfless behavior, without much result. The current chapter examines the root issues associated with this inquiry and argues for a shift in attention towards factors associated with cooperation. As such, empirical research from both disciplines is presented to show the advancements in relation to identification of these factors. Additionally, the authors offer a possible solution to the fractured literature in the form Weber, Kopelman, and Messick's (2004) dual process model in an effort to merge findings from both disciplines in an attempt progress this line of research.
Consumer-Retail Structure Interrelations as Seen in the Young Consumers' Photographs of Retail Environments
Authors: Laaksonen Pirjo , Huuhka Ari , Laaksonen Martti
Published: December 2016

This chapter seeks to understand the multidimensionality of urban consumption and the nature and the levels of consumer – retail structure interrelations. A holistic conceptual framework of urban consumption is proposed. It views the needs, wants, and desires as the motivating forces for consumer behavior, and conceptualizes the dimensions of consumption space and the forms that consumption takes within these dimensions (the platforms of consumption). Qualitative data (respondent-generated photographs and written explanations) is used to exemplify the forms of consumption within the proposed platforms.
The Process of Acculturation and Transition for Adulthood in Young Brazilian Soccer Players in a Digital Age
Authors: Faggiani Fernanda , Lisboa Carolina Saraiva de Macedo
Published: December 2016

High mobility of Brazilian athletes has increased significantly due to the globalization of soccer. It is very common to observe young athletes moving from their hometowns to a different place as a demand of the profession/career. During this process, youth face the process of acculturation, known as the transition to a different culture as a job demand (to play soccer) and feeling confused about his/her cultural identity. In addition, these young athletes assume responsibilities of adults in a period of development - adolescence and the transition to adulthood - characterized by the identity consolidation. The process of identity of football players is emphasized since the early childhood. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the process of acculturation in young Brazilian soccer athletes elucidating related aspects and the development of identity, concerning its cultural dimension surrounded by information and communication technologies of a digital age.
Use of Social Networking Sites by People with Health Issues
Authors: Imai Tatsuya
Published: December 2016

Previous studies have found that the use of social networking sites (SNSs) is associated with the user's positive outcomes such as perceived social support and psychological well-being (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007; Nabi, Prestin, & So, 2012). To seek those positive influences, those with health issues such as physical illness or mental illness actively use SNSs (e.g., Shpigelman & Gill, 2014a; Gowen, Deschaine, Gruttadara, & Markey, 2012). The first aim of this chapter is to describe previous studies on the use of SNSs by those with health issues such as mental illnesses, HIV/AIDS, cancer, intellectual disabilities, and diabetes. The second aim is to propose a new direction of research on the use of SNSs by those with health issues: the impact of stigma on communication on SNSs.
The Digital Development of LGBTQ Youth
Authors: Hatchel Tyler J. , Subrahmanyam Kaveri , Birkett Michelle
Published: December 2016

We use a developmental tasks framework to guide the exploration of digital media and the development of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Since digital contexts are ubiquitous, it is clear that youth use them in the service of developmental tasks such as formation of identity, pursuit of intimacy, and development of sexuality. Research suggests that LGBTQ youth use digital media more often than their peers, likely due to the challenges they face. At the same time, electronic peer-victimization and sexual health are concerns since LGBTQ youth are more likely to be at risk. Drawing on extant research we will show that digital media use is associated with stigma-related stressors and risks while concurrently offering opportunities for healthy development. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research that should help bolster our understanding of how digital contexts may predict the development and well-being of LGBTQ youth.
Parent-Emerging Adult Relationships in the Digital Age
Authors: Peer Justin
Published: December 2016

Emerging adulthood is a period of life characterized by increased individuation and independence. For emerging adults to successfully navigate this process, many aspects of the parent-child relationship must be renegotiated, including rules and expectations related to communication. The emergence of digital communication technology has provided an added layer to this process. This chapter summarizes research related to the influence of digital technology on parent-emerging adult relations. Early findings suggest that digital influence on this stage of development is complex. This chapter employs a Family Systems perspective to offer insight into how current and historical family functioning influences choices related to the use of digital communication technology and how these choices affect the development of emerging adults. Implications for practice as well as avenues for future research are offered.
The Influence of Pornography on Romantic Relationships of Emerging Adults
Authors: Young-Petersen Bonnie , Willoughby Brian J.
Published: December 2016

Scholars have studied emerging adults and pornography extensively, but to date there is no research on how pornography influences how emerging adults approach and act in relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the nature of pornography use among emerging adults, as well as to look at the relationship between pornography use and porn-related relational anxiety among emerging adults. The authors describe existing research on pornography and emerging adults, introduce their own study, and explain the results and implications.
Cyber Aggression and Victimization among Emerging Adults
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: December 2016

This chapter describes a study with the objective to examine cyber aggression involvement among emerging adults across technologies and relationships. Another purpose was to investigate the bidirectional associations between emerging adults' cyber aggression involvement and adjustment difficulties over four years. Participants were 1,483 emerging adults (Mage = 24.67; 60% female) from Southeastern universities in the United States. Emerging adults completed questionnaires on their cyber aggression involvement and adjustment difficulties. The most frequently utilized digital technologies and tool to harm others were text messages. Ex-friends were frequently involved in cyber aggression. Cyber aggression involvement predicted all adjustment difficulties across four years and all adjustment difficulties predicted cyber aggression involvement, suggesting bidirectional relationships among these variables. There were magnitude differences such that the bidirectional relationships were stronger when predicting all adjustment difficulties from cyber aggression and cyber victimization.
Exploring Challenges and Possibilities in Pre-Service Teacher Education
Authors: Kasumagić-Kafedžić Larisa
Published: December 2016

Twenty years after the war (1992-1995) in Bosnia and Herzegovina the country is still very fragile, dysfunctional and continues to face numerous political and socio-economic challenges. Ethnically fragmented and exclusivist approaches to education in Bosnia and Herzegovina are anathema to the development of critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to open young minds, reduce intolerance and question the ethnic status quo narrative (Perry, 2015). This paper will try to present a good example of academic and social successes achieved with students who are attending an English language teacher education program at the University of Sarajevo in the context of challenging teaching and learning environments. The paper will explore the possibilities and challenges for using a critical pedagogy framework and intercultural approach to foreign language education in pre-service teacher education courses that emphasizes reflection, critical thinking, empathy, multiperspectivity along with other aspects of intercultural communicative competences which are integrated in this course.
Japanese Adolescent School Refusal
Authors: Sano Hideki
Published: December 2016

In Japanese education, one of the most serious problems is school refusal. Many young children and older students refuse to attend schools due to reasons other than economical or physical problems. They are not school truancy cases either as they are often high achievers. Instead, they seem to have problems with stress at schools (study stress) or human relationships problems such as peer pressure, bullying, and a sense of identity. They need a wide range and long lasting support for their recovery from school refusal, including counseling and alternative schools.
Implementing the Mixed Instrumental Ensemble Practice in Japan
Authors: Sutani Shizuka , Akutsu Taichi , Gordon Richard K.
Published: December 2016

This chapter investigates the cases of implementing the mixed instrumental ensemble practice in the field of music education in Japan; it rests on the believe that considering music as social phenomenon and human practice with interaction. This study sets two specific aims as follows: to blend various different kinds of musical instruments in ensemble settings. Particularly, in the process of implementing the practice, researcher designed Instructional Template (Gordon, 2015) was applied as a tool to foster and organize classroom interaction among learners and teachers. This study also explores the possibility to assess the affective component of music learning in practice. Custodero's (1998, 2005) Flow Indicators in Musical Activities was cited to examine learners' flow experiences. Implementation of the mixed instrumental ensemble practice fostered interaction among learners; thus, students experienced flow in more varietical ways in their social/musical context.
The Need for Global Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Ojo Marianne
Published: December 2016

Many questions have been raised as to whether financial accounting has become more conservative. The value relevance and qualitative characteristics of accounting information have become topics of particular relevance given the role they have assumed in influencing the value judgment of investors in deciding whether or not to invest in a certain market. Given the quality of accounting information – which has resulted in misleading and inaccurate information, it became evident, particularly following Enron's collapse, to adopt improved, enhanced, better quality standards: namely, International Financial Reporting Standards. This chapter considers the background culminating in the adoption of IFRS – as well as the need for the adoption of IFRS. It also highlights why the value relevance of accounting information is also of vital significance in certain emerging economies and why the successful implementation of IFRS in these jurisdictions may be crucial in restoring investor confidence – particularly in the aftermath of stock market crashes in these economies.
Mitigating Information Asymmetries in Capital Markets
Authors: Ojo Marianne
Published: December 2016

As well as highlighting the impact of the audit expectations gap (AEG) in assessing the extent to which accounting information can be relied upon based on given market values and its impact on assessing how a relationship or pattern could be established in certain jurisdictions, this chapter is aimed at contributing to the literature on how accounting information could be interpreted or conveyed in such a way as to serve as a useful and vital indicator which will enable investors to interpret financial information in such a way which mitigates information asymmetries between management and investors. It also elaborates on factors which could affect the quality of accounting information – by way of reference to contributing elements of the audit expectations gap. As a result, it recommends measures aimed at addressing issues being faced by jurisdictions which have implemented accounting and legislative reforms as a means of improving the quality of accounting information.
Fundamental or Enhancing Roles?
Authors: Ojo Marianne , DiGabriele James A.
Published: December 2016

In view recent developments which have resulted in the replacement of attributes of relevance and reliability with a new categorization of fundamental qualitative characteristics of accounting information and enhancing qualitative characteristics of accounting information, this chapter is aimed at highlighting why the roles of audits – and particularly accountants and auditors still serve as fundamental, vital and crucial means of verifying financial statements – such that these can be reasonably relied upon by investors in financial and capital markets. Fundamental qualitative characteristics of accounting information are categorized into relevance and faithful representation – a change from the IASB's 1989 framework. The enhancing qualitative characteristics of accounting information now comprise verifiability, understandability, comparability and timeliness. This chapter is aimed at highlighting why such enhancing characteristics could be regarded as fundamental qualitative characteristics.
The Determinants of Stock Market Development and Liquidity in Capital Markets
Authors: Newton Sarah , O'Connor Ingrid
Published: December 2016

“At the early stages of its establishment the stock market is a complement rather than substitute for the banking sector. Developing the banking sector can promote stock market development as demonstrated by the experiences of many East Asian countries. However, when stock markets are sufficiently developed they tend to compete with the banking sector as shown by findings.” How does commercial banking impact investment activities in capital markets – and particularly developed capital markets? Is it true then that in certain economies, the banking sector serves as a complementary component of the financial system – up till a stage where it begins to compete with the securities sector? As well as investigating these observations, this chapter is aimed at investigating the validity of Efficient Markets Hypothesis and Efficient Capital Markets Hypothesis in emerging economies – as contrasted with advanced market economies. In so doing, it aims to contribute to the extant literature on stock market liquidity and liquidity in capital markets.
Information Uncertainty and Volatility in Financial Stock Markets
Authors: DeLarosiere Jose J Haspa , Nielsen Soren
Published: December 2016

Rising oil prices, steel prices - as well as the stronger dollar certainly impacted the financial markets during the latter part of May 2016. So also, the expected announcement of higher interest rates in June 2016 by the Federal Reserve. As well as illustrating the impact of financial shocks for emerging economies, this chapter also illustrates the impact of financial shocks for smaller – as well as more advanced economies. Having highlighted through the entire volume, the macroeconomic consequences of the changes and fluctuations of commodity prices – as reflected through the recent global financial market volatilities. This chapter will also focus on the main channels through which commodities price fluctuations affect business cycles in EMEs.
“Volcker/Vickers Hybrid”?
Authors: Ojo Marianne
Published: December 2016

Whilst some valid and justified arguments have been put forward in favor of ring fencing, that is, constructing a fire-wall between consumer and investment banks, and that such activities can be achieved without restructuring banks into separate legal entities, the Liikanen Report highlights why there is need for such re-structuring. As well as considering the merits of ring fencing and the establishment of separate legal activities and entities, this chapter aims to highlight why a suitable model aimed at mitigating risks of contagion can to a large extent, be justified on a cost-benefit analysis basis. Furthermore, the chapter ultimately concludes that even though a greater degree of separation of legal entities and activities persist with the model which is referred to as “total separation”, a certain degree of independence between bank activities would also be necessary under ring fencing if its purposes and objectives are to be fulfilled.
The Development of Cybersecurity Policy and Legislative Landscape in Latin America and Caribbean States
Authors: Minto-Coy Indianna D. , Henlin M. Georgia Gibson
Published: December 2016

The rise and evolution of telecommunications networks over the last few decades have brought immeasurable benefits. Attention to the negative side of these developments has been slow, particularly in the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean where countries are slowly becoming aware of the developmental, social and economic challenges posed by cybercrimes. Attention has largely been on developed states. However, the experiences covered here add to the global picture on the state of cyber security, increasing understanding of alternative experiences and where they sit alongside the more popular ones such as the US. The chapter details some major development in cyber security in the Caribbean, examining the development of the legal, institutional and organizational landscape in response to growing internal and external cyber threats. Main players and efforts are identified. Information was gathered from interviews and content analysis and the authors' first-hand knowledge.
Cybercrimes via Virtual Currencies in International Business
Authors: Atli Dincer
Published: December 2016

This chapter is willing to shed some light on virtual currencies (VCs) and cybercrimes in International Business. In recent years, Cybercrime is a major concern for the global community. Besides, virtual currency (VC) has made a transformational impact on purchasing habits on a global scale. The advantages VC provides and the difficulty to control it cause the problem of the possibility of committing cybercrimes in the virtual environment. The freedom of VCs provides and the difficulties in controlling it facilitate the realization of crimes like money laundering and finance of terrorism in the virtual environment. Our research demonstrates the structural and legal status of VCs, the different regulations in various countries and the cybercrimes committed via VCs.
Detection Protocol of Possible Crime Scenes Using Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Alohali Bashar
Published: December 2016

Forensics is a science that deals with using scientific principles in order to aid an investigation of a civil or criminal crime. It is a system of procedures that allow an investigator to use as much resources as possible in order to come up with a conclusion for an investigation. Since forensics is a very general term that encompasses an investigation process using scientific knowledge, one can separate a system of investigation based on how it is conducted. This chapter introduces of internet of things (IoT) forensics, IoT application in forensics field. Art-of-states for IoT forensics are provided. The issues for IoT forensics are identified. Also, we have introduced the proposed data classification in Iot forensics protocol. At the end of this chapter, we point out a brief summary and conclusion.
Big Data Security Framework for Distributed Cloud Data Centers
Authors: Thota Chandu , Manogaran Gunasekaran , Lopez Daphne , Vijayakumar V.
Published: December 2016

The rapid development of data generation sources such as digital sensors, networks, and smart devices along with their extensive use is leading to create huge database and coins the term Big Data. Cloud Computing enables computing resources such as hardware, storage space and computing tools to be provided as IT services in a pay-as-you-go fashion with high efficiency and effectiveness. Cloud-based technologies with advantages over traditional platforms are rapidly utilized as potential hosts for big data. However, privacy and security is one of major issue in cloud computing due to its availability with very limited user-side control. This chapter proposes security architecture to prevent and secure the data and application being deployed in cloud environment with big data technology. This chapter discuss the security issues for big data in cloud computing and proposes Meta Cloud Data Storage architecture to protect big data in cloud computing environment.
Robotics
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: December 2016

This chapter presents the overview of robotics; the types of robotic systems; the overview of swarm robotics; the overview of ambient robotics; core ontology for robotics and automation; robotic industrialization and site automation; robotics, cybersecurity, and online threat protection; the robotic applications in modern health care; the robotic applications in surgery; and the robotic applications in modern education. Recent developments in the robotic age have made robots more intelligent, affordable, and user-friendly in modern operations, ranging from manufacturing to health care. Robotic technologies allow for increased production and profit margin because they can accomplish various complicated tasks faster than humans and can produce sophisticated products with higher quality, less down time, and fewer errors than humans. Many benefits of robotics are recognized in cybersecurity, online threat protection, manufacturing, health care, education, business, and finance in the robotic age.
Enhancing Participation in Computer Science among Girls of Color
Authors: Scott Allison , Martin Alexis , McAlear Frieda
Published: December 2016

To address disparities in computing among girls of color, this chapter examines the impact of a multi-year, out-of-school computer science intervention with n=108 female high school students of color. This rigorous and comprehensive 5-week computer science intervention designed within a culturally-relevant framework, demonstrated the following outcomes: 1) one exposure to the intervention demonstrated a significant impact on computer science knowledge, attitudes, and access to diverse peers/role models, 2) the impact of the intervention endured after a 9-month period, and 3) repeated-exposure to the intervention (2 sequential 5-week interventions) produced greater growth than just one summer. These findings suggest that short-term interventions can be impactful, and repeated exposure opportunities are needed to increase growth in knowledge, attitudes, and aspirations among girls of color in computing. This research provides preliminary data for a model for effective programming for girls of color in computer science and has implications for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers.
Leveraging Food as the Context for Developing Computational Algorithmic Thinking in an Entry-Level College Course
Authors: Rankin Yolanda A. , Thomas Jakita O.
Published: December 2016

Over the course of three years, we have developed the It's All In The Mix module as part of an introductory Computer Science (CS) course that is a required course for all STEM majors. It's All In The Mix currently consists of a set of integrated food-focused activities that expose students to computational algorithmic thinking (CAT) – the ability to design, implement, adapt and assess algorithms. In the context of using recipes to prepare food, It's All In The Mix provides an anchoring experience for African American undergraduate STEM majors, bridging the gap between students' enactment of algorithms in everyday settings and algorithms in an introductory CS course. As a result of the integration of the It's All In The Mix, we achieve 100% retention of students in the introductory CS course. This chapter examines how this food module has influenced students' development of CAT and their perception of CS.
An Interface Design Approach to Encouraging Online Contributions among Underrepresented Youth
Authors: Nacu Denise C. , Martin Caitlin K. , Sandherr Jim , Pinkard Nichole
Published: December 2016

Research has revealed how actively contributing to online communities can build technological competencies related to 21st century learning and build identities as creators. However, recent studies have also shown that inequities exist in terms of who is participating. Addressing this problem, this chapter foregrounds user interface design as an important mediator that shapes how certain populations of youth can take advantage of learning opportunities. Focusing on the use of an online social learning network in an urban middle school of predominantly Latino students, the authors present the iterative design of a feature intended to encourage student contributions. The authors argue that there is a need to attend to the user interface design of online social learning systems as a way to create opportunities and to encourage youth from underrepresented groups to participate fully.
Building Theory of Green Procurement using Fuzzy TISM and Fuzzy DEMATEL Methods
Authors: Bag Surajit
Published: December 2016

Green procurement is the set of procurement policies held, action taken and relationships formed in response to concerns linked with the natural environment. Green procurement has drawn major attention of supply chain practitioners' and has become the theme of most of the seminars and workshops. Green procurement is gaining popularity due to its positive association with the triple bottom line. Firms implement green procurement to achieve sustainability in this dynamic business environment. There are several published papers that have adopted either qualitative or quantitative methodology to build and test theories in the discipline of green procurement. However multiple elements influencing green procurement creates decision making problem among supply chain practitioners. This has motivated to pursue the current study and further extend the theory of green procurement. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the inter-relationships between elements of green procurement using advanced multi criteria decision making techniques. First systematic review of literature is done to identify the leading drivers. Secondly these drivers were refined through expert interview from manufacturing sector. Thirdly Fuzzy TISM and Fuzzy DEMATEL method were applied to find the intensity of influence of green procurement drivers and make a comparative study of elements. Finally, the conclusions of research are drawn and also present the managerial implications and directions of future research.
Maintenance Decision-Making Under the Cost Criterion and the Competing Risks Approach
Authors: Damerdji Rima Oudjedi , Noureddine Myriam
Published: December 2016

The definition of an appropriated maintenance policy appears essential to avoid the system failures and ensure its optimal operation, while taking into account the criteria of availability and costs. This article deals with a maintenance decision-making for a system subject to two competing maintenance actions, corrective and preventive maintenance. To define this situation of dependent competing risks, the Alert Delay model seems well suited because it involves the notion of a delivered alert before system failure in order to perform preventive maintenance. This paper proposes an approach including both an extension of the Alert Delay model where the considered system follows an exponential distribution, and the total maintenance cost assessment of the system. These two concepts provide an aid decision-making to select the optimal maintenance policy based on the minimal cost. The proposed approach is validated in a computer system localized in a real industrial enterprise.
Academic Entrepreneurship for Scaling Innovation
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: December 2016

Academic Entrepreneurship in the last three decades has risen to greater heights. There are various reasons too. Indian's education sector has been undergoing sea changes in these decades. Every state has been opening up and there has been a plethora of institutions established. In the process, India has earned itself a reputation of a brainpower generator. Apart from this academic entrepreneurship in India has played a seminal role in not only accomplishing this status but also enabled to scale innovations. The proposed study aims to understand how academic entrepreneurship in India has been the enabler to scale innovations. It will also analyze to bring out the factors that have key impact on the growth of academic entrepreneurship. Best practices will also be delved so as to reckon the significance of academic entrepreneurship which is of both theoretical and practical importance for both developed and developing countries.
Actors in the Emerging Internet of Things Ecosystems
Authors: Leminen Seppo , Rajahonka Mervi , Westerlund Mika
Published: December 2016

This study investigates actors in the ecosystems of the Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research suggests that unstructured ecosystems make one of the greatest challenges for creating business models for the IoT. The present study concludes four contributions. First, the study reviews literature to develop a framework for role mechanisms in ecosystems and applies the framework to analyse data from fifteen interviews in six cases. Second, it identifies four diverse actor roles in IoT ecosystems: butterfly, ant and greenfly, spider, and the swarm of bees. Third, the study shows how actors take and make different roles in four emerging IoT ecosystems; product-, company-, industry-, and peer to peer ecosystems, which are structured in accordance with the identified actors' role behavior. Fourth, it suggests a new role pattern, role replication, where companies replicate their value designs and networks to other contexts.
Automatic Identification of Simultaneous and Non-Simultaneous Singers for Music Data Indexing
Authors: Tsai Wei-Ho , Ma Cin-Hao
Published: December 2016

This study proposes a system to automatically identify multiple singers in a long audio stream that may have singing voices overlapping in time. The system is of great help in handling the rapid proliferation of music data. To achieve this, an audio stream is segmented into a sequence of consecutive, non-overlapping, fixed-length clips using a sliding window, and then undergoes solo/duet recognition, single singer identification, and duet singer identification. Furthermore, the authors propose a triangulation-based decision approach to improve the performance of singer identification. The results of the experiment conducted using a database of solo and duet a cappella demonstrate feasibility of the proposed system.
Positive Effects of High-Temperature Steel Creep Behavior on Continuous Casting Slab
Authors: Guo Long , Zhang Xing Zhong
Published: December 2016

Mechanical properties and creep behavior of continuous casting slab subjected to uniaxial tensile tests at 1100 and 1150 °C were considered in this paper. All of specimens was given a typical in-situ melting thermal history and interrupted cooling cycle before testing. An increase in load and temperature accelerates the creep rate thereby decreasing the steady state range. A new creep equation whose parameters are calculated by inverse-estimation using the regression analysis was proposed based on Norton-Bailey creep law. Primary and secondary creep stages could be described accurately by the new equation. Positive creep effects on straightening technology in continuous casting slab were presented in this paper. Involute continuous straightening technology could give full play to the role of steel creep deformation at high temperature. This research is helpful for the design of the new casting machine and improvement of old casting machine in using depended on high temperature creep behavior.
Obtaining and Maintaining of Clean High Vacuum on the Material Outgassing Test System
Authors: Wu Xiao Bin , Luo Yan , Wang Kui Bo
Published: December 2016

A system was developed to test the outgassing of materials intended to use in Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). Clean high vacuum was achieved on the background by proper cleaning, processing and assembling, as well as by combining the magnetic levitated molecular pump with the dry mechanical pump. Much more care should be taken to operate this system to avoid introducing any contamination. Once the vacuum chamber is polluted by high-risk items like water (H2O) and hydrocarbons (CxHy), it should not be applied again. It is recognized experimentally that clean vacuum could be recovered by flushing with dry gases, baking and degassing, and baking is undoubtedly a more effective technique in efforts of controlling the pollution.
A Brief Discussion about Nickel Aluminum Bronze Propeller Failure Modes and its Repair Methods
Authors: Chen Zheng Han , Sun Xiao Feng , Huang Yuan Lin
Published: December 2016

Nickel aluminum bronze is widely used in manufacturing propeller, in marine environment, propellers are easy to generate corrosion, it is important to find efficient solutions to repair corrosive propeller. In this study, it utilized OM and SEM to observe the failure modes of propeller, and discuss the feasibility of using cold spray (CS) technology to repair corrosive propeller. The study showed that failure modes of propeller includes corrosion, cavitations and abrasion, cold spray is possible an effective solution to solve these failures.
Friction Stir Forming of A5083 Aluminum Alloy Gear-Racks with WC Particles Embedded in Tooth Surface
Authors: Ohashi Takahiro , Tabatabaei Hamed Mofidi , Ikeya Tetta , Nishihara Tadashi
Published: December 2016

This paper proposes a new forming process for gear racks featuring a tooth-surface stiffening layer. The proposed process is as follows. First, a JIS A5083P aluminum alloy plate on which a surface modifier of WC particles and vaseline paste had been applied was put on a gear-rack die. Next, friction stirring was conducted on the back surface of the plate. The material then deformed and precisely filled the cavity of the die. WC particles were embedded into the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix due to high pressure and heat caused by friction stirring. The forming conditions and the corresponding results, including the distribution of WC perticles on the tooth surface, are investigated in the study. WC particles were embedded near the surface mechanically, and only a very few particles were observed inside the matrix. With an undefill condition, WC particles are concentrated on the rear surface of the tooth, which contacts the tail side of the die. In contrast, No significant particle density differences were observed among the profile of teeth with a fully filled condition in the die cavity.
Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Materials Using a Double-Ridge Waveguide Resonator
Authors: Li En , Hao Shu Ke , Zhang Yun Peng , Gao Yong
Published: December 2016

A double-ridge waveguide resonator loaded with rod like dielectric material was analyzed based on the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS and microwave resonant cavity perturbation technique in this paper. The perturbation method is used to calculate the complex permittivity of the material due to the change of the resonator's tiny change. The calculation expression of complex permittivity was deduced and proper test system was built for the validation at several specific frequencies, the resonant parameters of the cavity were measured by the external Agilent vector network analyzer, according to the calibration of standard quartz sample, the complex permittivity of the quartz, sapphire and PTFE samples were calculated. Experimental result showed that the method has a good performance for measuring the complex permittivity of low dielectric loss dielectric materials.
Material Testing Based on Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Guo Gao Feng , Dong Ang Ran , Li En , Gao Chong
Published: December 2016

This design of alcohol detection system uses DSP technology, ADF4350 frequency synthesizer chip developed microwave source controlled by DSP controller, the source excites the microwave resonator cavity, the output signal of the resonator is detected by the detector, then sampled and processed by the DSP processor, and the concentration of alcohol is calculated by perturbation theory and dielectric properties of alcohol. The human-computer interaction of this system is realized by touch screen, so that the display looks easy to operate and very user-friendly. This paper analyzes the feasibility of microwave resonant cavity perturbation method in alcohol materials, and derives the relationship between the concentration of alcohol mixed solution, the dielectric constant and the output frequency of the resonant cavity, and the theoretical basis of this paper is derived. The dielectric properties of different alcohol concentration at different frequencies were studied, and the standard curves of different concentration alcohol dielectric spectra were established by the theoretical model and a large number of experimental data.
Experimental Study on Damage Effect of PELE with New Structure and Composite Material against Multi-Layered Plates
Authors: Xu L.Z. , Du Zhong Hua
Published: December 2016

To study the damage effect of different projectile structures and jacket materials of PELE upon perforation of multi-layered plates, an experiment of three different kinds of projectiles impacting on multi-layered plates was conducted. The experimental results show that the layered PELE can change the characteristics of fragments broken by jacket which include quantity, mass and the area of distribution. The jacket of layered structure PELE can generate more number of fragments of uniform quality and centralized distribution than common PELE. So it results in the occurrence of cumulative damage effects on target plate. Using the W fiber /Zr-based amorphous matrix composites as the jacket material of PELE, the jacket can be broken into lots of single W fibers and W fiber bundle fragments, and the fragments distribute centrally. The impulse of the fragments loads on the plate intensively, which reduces the plate resistance and improves the opening size substantially.
An Optimization Model on Cutting Parameters of Material Processing for High Productivity
Authors: Yuan Mei Xia , Wang Xi Bo , Jiao Li , Liu Shao Nan
Published: December 2016

The selection of cutting parameters of material processing such as cutting speed, feed and cutting depth affects product productivity. The optimization of cutting parameters achieves the purpose of raise the productivity. Based on the research of the cutting theory, the turning constraint model and the optimization mathematical model of cutting parameters are established for highest productivity. The optimization process of the complex method is studied. The cutting parameters of the material 310s are optimized by the optimization model based on complex method. The optimized cutting time is shorter 2.06s than the one before the optimization. The production efficiency increases by 15.45%. The results show that the optimization model based on the complex method can improve the productivity of material processing.
The Friction and Wear Characteristic Comparison of PMMA and MC Nylon as Spreading Device Pad Material in Copper Coil Forming
Authors: Byun Jae Young , Pratama Pandusandi , Kim Jeung Hoon , Park In Soo , Choi Sun Mi , Kwon Soon Hong , Chung Sung Won , Kwon Soon Goo , Park Jong Min , Kim Jong Sun , Choi Won Sik
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is to compare the frictions and wears characteristics of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and MC Nylon. This study was carried out to investigate the material to be considered as the pad of spreading device material in the copper coil forming machine. To analyze the friction and wear characteristics of those materials the experiments were done as follows. Firstly, the friction characteristic was obtained using a pin-on-disk tester. The experiment was carried on dry and wet friction conditions under paraffin oil lubricant. Secondly, the state of lubrication was investigated using the Stribeck’s Curve. Thirdly, to investigate the wear characteristic, the weight of the pin was measured before and after the friction test. The wear rate is defined as the difference between the initial weight and the final weight. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient of PMMA material was higher than MC nylon. Furthermore, PMMA wear rate also higher than MC Nylon wear rate. The highest wear was achieved on PMMA in dry friction condition, which is 0.00290 grams. MC Nylon was recommended to be used as padding of the spreading device on the coil forming machine.
Change in Surface Morphology of Si (100) Wafer after Oxidation with Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma
Authors: Takei Hiroyasu , Kurio Satoshi , Matsuyama Satoshi , Yamauchi Kazuto , Sano Yasuhisa
Published: December 2016

Modern surface processing of semiconductors or oxide materials requires highly precise temporal control of each processing step. In addition, large wafers must be processed quickly for high throughput. We have developed a numerically controlled sacrificial oxidation method with atmospheric-pressure plasma using electrode arrays. In this method, we oxidized the surface of a wafer with atmospheric-pressure plasma applied precisely by an electrode array, and then dipped the wafer in HF solution to remove the surface oxide layer. The plasma process time can be controlled independently at each electrode area. The oxidation rate and surface profile of the treated wafer are crucial for precision processing. We investigated the oxidation rate of atmospheric-pressure plasma oxidation by spectroscopic ellipsometry and examined the surface morphologies of untreated and treated wafers by atomic force microscopy. The surface profile smoothness correlated with the plasma oxidation time and electrode voltage during oxidation. The surface roughness tended to increase when the sample was oxidized for longer times with higher electrode voltage. This correlation between surface roughness and oxidation time resembled the results of Si/SiO2 interfacial roughness in the case of thermal oxidation. In the plasma sacrificial oxidation process, the increase of surface roughness at the Si/SiO2 interface by plasma oxidation must be considered.
Microstructural Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Glazed by a High Power Laser
Authors: Zhou Hong , Li Fei , Wang Jun , Sun Bao De
Published: December 2016

Thermal barrier coatings have been widely used in in both energy and propulsion systems. Plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings have relatively high interconnected porosity and lamina structure, which bring out a low bond strength, and lead to a short thermal cycling life. Lasers can be used for modification of materials surface. In this paper, plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings were laser-glazed by a high power laser in order to modify the structures. The microstructure of laser-glazed TBCs is investigated. The change on surface roughness has been examined. The result indicates that a smooth and dense glazed surface with craters and a network of microcracks is obtained after laser-glazing. The laser-glazed region consists of a columnar microstructure. There are segmentation microcracks in the laser-glazed coatings, which don’t run through the coatings along thickness. Surface roughness has been reduced significantly for the laser treated ceramic coatings.
Monitoring and Material Simulation of Automatic-Cooling System for Waterfowl Incubator
Authors: Hurng Huaang Youh , Shen Yung Jia
Published: December 2016

In order to reduce the required manpower and biosecurity control risk for waterfowl breeding eggs, this study developed waterfowl automatic eggs cooling incubator which using the concept of pre-heating and pre-wetting type front control thermal system and add the automatic watering eggs cooling system, trolley egg rack, pneumatic eggs overturning system and monitoring system. The front control thermal system preheats and pre-wet the air to the required environment for hatching and import into incubator for the hatching test. The test results show that the hatching environment uniformity of automatic eggs cooling incubator developed by this study is better than the traditional incubator’s environment. The monitoring system can stable control the variation for three hatching parameters of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. Besides the combination of automatic watering eggs cooling system for hatching process can significantly reduce the required manpower for watering eggs cooling and biosecurity control risk, the average hatching ratio is 82.06% that can satisfy the requirement of general professional goose breeding eggs incubator. The test using computational fluid dynamics simulation software (CFD) to simulate the variable turbulent wind speed. On the premise of using temperature as the respondence to conduct the optimization design of response surface methodology. The results shows that the incubator temperature standard deviation decreased from 0.26°C to 0.14°C when three turbulent wind speed changed from 4.25 m/s, 3.50 m/s and 4.63 m/s to 2 .00m/s, 5 .00m/s and 3.81 m/s. There is a further increase for the uniformity of the temperature field.
The Progress of Advanced Engineering Materials in Acupuncture Needle
Authors: Liang Yu Dan , Chen Xiu Hua
Published: December 2016

In order to promote the development of acupuncture technique and improve the effect of acupuncture, acupuncturists have innovated and produced many new acupuncture needles using suitable engineering materials. This article aims to show the progress of advance engineering materials in acupuncture needles. We searched the international database PubMed, EI, and the Chinese database CNKI, Wangfang. The MESH and Key words were: acupuncture needle, needle implement, acupuncture implement, float needle, new nine needles, fire needle, laser acupuncture. And we classified the new needles into 5 related parts: name, inventor, function, materials and application. In this study, we had summarized common used 13 needles and 15 materials. The mainly used needles were Stone Needle, Metal needle, Stainless steel needle, New nine needles, Magnetic pole needle and Floating-Acupuncture. The mainly used materials were Si Bin floating stone, stainless steel, magnet, molybdenum, tungsten .Stainless steel needle is the most frequently used in clinic. In conclusion, there are not many advance engineering materials applied in acupuncture needles. A few materials help to promote the development of acupuncture but they are not frequently used enough. The development of acupuncture needs more suitable materials to improve the function of needle. An ideal needle may be painless but thicker enough to manipulate, and produce some material effect to produce enough stimulating quantity.