bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromatin, Non-Coding RNAs, and the Expression of HIV
Authors: Groen Jessica , Morris Kevin
Published: June 2013

HIV is a chronic viral infection affecting an estimated 34 million people worldwide. Current therapies employ the use of a cocktail of antiretroviral medications to reduce the spread and effects of HIV, however complete eradication from an individual currently remains unattainable. Viral latency and regulation of gene expression is a key consideration when developing effective treatments. While our understanding of these processes remains incomplete new developments suggest that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated regulation may provide an avenue to controlling both viral expression and latency. Here we discuss the importance of known regulatory mechanisms and suggest directions for further study, in particular the use ncRNAs in controlling HIV expression.
The Impact of “Man-Made Hydrological Drought” on Plant Species Abundance in the Low-Flow Channel Downstream from the Matawin Dam, Quebec
Authors: Assani Ali , Simard Émilie , Gravel Édith , Ibrahim Ghassen , Campeau Stéphane
Published: June 2013

The interannual variability of streamflow affects the composition and species richness of vegetation in low-flow channels and alluvial plains. Although climate conditions in 2003 and 2004 were nearly identical, large differences in streamflow were observed downstream from the Matawin dam. These differences resulted in numerous days without flow (no water release) during the growing period (May to August) in 2003, leading to man-made hydrological drought. While this drought had no effect on abiotic variables (grain-size distribution and nutrient concentrations in sediments), a significant decrease in the number of terrestrial species was observed in 2004 (year without drought) relative to 2003 (drought year) on three sand bars studied. This decrease is interpreted to result from prolonged submergence of the sites in 2004. Principal component analysis highlighted the effect of individual sites (first principal component) and of the interannual variability of streamflow (second component) on the number of species. The study suggests that, from a flow management standpoint, it is advisable to release enough water downstream from the dam during the growing season to prevent low-flow channel colonization by invasive terrestrial species.
Isolation and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Chen Chang‐Mei , Han Shi‐Jie , Yuan Shu‐Sheng , Wang Chun‐Jing , Yu Jing‐Hua
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Fifty microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Juglans mandshurica to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure.

• Methods and Results: In all, 50 microsatellite markers were isolated from J. mandshurica, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Twenty of these polymorphic markers were assessed in samples collected from 98 individuals among five populations in northeastern China. Across all of the J. mandshurica samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 17.

• Conclusions: These new microsatellite loci will be useful for conservation genetics studies of J. mandshurica.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an important bamboo species in China
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Xin , Zhang Wen‐Ju , Ding Yu‐Long
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an ecologically and economically important bamboo species in China, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. edulis and other Phyllostachys species.

• Methods and Results: Twenty microsatellite markers were developed and their polymorphisms were tested on 71 samples from three geographically disparate populations. Each locus exhibited between two and 10 alleles with an average of five alleles. Excluding monomorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to one and from 0.041 to 0.676, respectively.

• Conclusions: These 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for studies on the molecular ecology, population genetics, and conservation of P. edulis.
Microsatellite markers for the yam bean Pachyrhizus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Delêtre Marc , Soengas Beatriz , Utge José , Lambourdière Josie , Sørensen Marten
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the understudied root crop yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) to investigate intraspecific diversity and interspecific relationships within the genus Pachyrhizus.

• Methods and Results: Seventeen nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with perfect di‐ and trinucleotide repeats were developed from 454 pyrosequencing of SSR‐enriched genomic libraries. Loci were characterized in P. ahipa and wild and cultivated populations of four closely related species. All loci successfully cross‐amplified and showed high levels of polymorphism, with number of alleles ranging from three to 12 and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.095 to 0.831 across the genus.

• Conclusions: By enabling rapid assessment of genetic diversity in three native neotropical crops, P. ahipa, P. erosus, and P. tuberosus, and two wild relatives, P. ferrugineus and P. panamensis, these markers will allow exploration of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the genus Pachyrhizus.
Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study
Authors: Marz Michael , Sagisaka Keisuke , Fujita Daisuke
Published: June 2013

The growth mode of small Ni clusters evaporated in UHV on HOPG has been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy. The size, the size distribution, and the shape of the clusters have been evaluated for different evaporation conditions and annealing temperatures. The total coverage of the surface strongly depends on the evaporation rate and time, whereas the influence of these parameters is low on the cluster size. Subsequent stepwise annealing has been performed. This results in a reduction of the total amount of the Ni clusters accompanied by a decreasing in the overall coverage of the surface. The diameter of the clusters appears to be less influenced by the annealing than is their height. Besides this, the cluster shape is strongly influenced, changing to a quasi-hexagonal geometry after the first annealing step, indicating single-crystal formation. Finally, a reproducible methodology for picking up individual clusters is reported Parts of this work have been presented as oral or poster presentations in several national and international conferences (Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan 2011 and 2012, 6th International Symposium on Surface Science 2012, and ImagineNano 2013)..
LITHUANIA MINOR AND PRUSSIA ON THE OLD MAPS (1806–2008)
Authors: Lukoševičius Viktoras
Published: June 2013

While continuing researches on ancient cartography (Lukoševičius 2013) the publication is aimed at viewing maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia in the perspective of historical events, with a special emphasis on most important historical events as well as cartography development moments. The method used is analysis of different maps, by different authors, found in cartographical archives. The article presents the authors and designers 48 maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia and discusses map characteristics. It also provides links that are helpful for the readers interested in a more detailed studies of specific maps.

Summarizing research results the authors conclude that ancient maps where Lithuania Minor is marked are true historical witnesses helping to understand long and complicated formation process of Lithuania Minor and the state of Lithuania; however the analysis alone is insufficient to fully reveal its historic concept.
ARCHITECTURE: THE DESIGN OF AN EXPERIENCE / ARCHITEKTŪRA: PATIRTIES PROJEKTAVIMAS
Authors: Suárez Luis Alfonso de la Fuente
Published: June 2013

In a multidisciplinary way, this research takes the topic of our experience of buildings considering what all human beings have in common: the sensorial organs, the body, and a brain predisposed for responding to buildings in a relatively similar way. We will treat the different processes that arise in us in our encounter with a work of architecture. This article is divided into the discrete but interacting steps that characterize all human cognition: from the early processes of the acquisition of information from the environment, to the most complicated thoughts and feelings about architecture. From the points of view of physiology, perception psychology and semiotics, we look for the way the human constitution molds our experience of things. The intention is to use that knowledge creatively in architecture: to design according to the way we experience buildings.

Santrauka

Šio tyrimo tikslas – iš daugiadalykės perspektyvos pažvelgti į statinių patirtį, aptariant, ką bendra turi visos žmogiškosios būtybės: jutimo organus, kūną ir smegenis, kurių funkcija yra sąlygiškai panašiai reaguoti į statinius. Nagrinėsime architektūros darbuose iškylančius skirtingus procesus. Šis straipsnis padalytas į tarpusavyje sąveikaujančias dalis, apibūdinančias visą žmogiškąjį pažinimą: nuo ankstyvųjų informacijos įgijimo iš aplinkos procesų iki pačių sudėtingiausių su architektūra susijusių minčių ir jausmų. Žvelgdami iš fiziologijos, suvokimo psichologijos ir semiotikos perspektyvų, bandysime nustatyti, kaip žmogaus konstitucija lemia mūsų su daiktais susijusį patyrimą. Sieksime įrodyti, kad architektūroje žinojimas yra kūrybingas procesas: projektavimas priklauso nuo mūsų požiūrio į statinius.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CULTURAL CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES” / SOCIALINIŲ POKYČIŲ IR APLINKOS IŠŠŪKIŲ FENOMENOLOGINĖS PERSPEKTYVOS
Authors: Kvašinskaitė Rimantė
Published: June 2013

On September 22–24, in 2011, the second international phenomenological conference took place in Vilnius, Lithuania. It was organized together with Antioch University of the USA and it was hosted in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University's Faculty of Architecture. Urbanists, philosophers, educators and other academic scholars had a chance to deepen their knowledge and present the results of their researches on the subject of “Phenomenological Perspectives on Cultural Change and Environmental Challenges”. More than 10 speakers from various countries had presented their speeches and afterwards actively indulged in group discussions on the most problematic issues. Due to a huge success that the event has proven to be, it is expected to be just a beginning of a new tradition to hold such conferences in the university regularly.

Santrauka

Antroji tarptautinė fenomenologų konferencija Lietuvoje įvyko 2011 m. rugsėjo 22–24 d. Ši konferencija, kitaip nei 2009 m. įvykusi jos pirmtakė, buvo organizuota kartu su JAV Antiocho universitetu. Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitete, Architektūros rūmuose urbanistai ir architektai turėjo galimybę sužinoti daug naujo ir patys pateikti savo tyrimų rezultatus tema ,,Socialinių pokyčių ir aplinkos iššūkių fenomenologinės perspektyvos“. Daugiau nei 10 pranešėjų iš viso pasaulio parengė kalbas ir po jų aktyviai įsitraukė į diskusijas, kuriose buvo gvildenami problematiškiausi klausimai. Tikėtina, kad tokios konferencijos ateityje taip pat bus organzijuojamos ir pamažu virs pasididžiavimo verta tradicija.
Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase Can be Targeted for the Development of New Therapies against Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infection
Authors: Antoine Thessicar E , Shukla Deepak
Published: June 2013

Background

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Through a multistep process, HSV-1 enters into naturally susceptible human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells where it establishes an optimal environment for viral replication and spread. HSV-1 employment of cytoskeletal proteins, kinases, and cell signalling pathways is crucial for the entry process.

Methods

Here we demonstrate that non-muscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) and/or a myosin activating kinase, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), can be targeted for the development of new and effective therapies against HSV-1. HCE cells were incubated with MLCK inhibitors ML-7 and ML-9 and NM-IIA inhibitor blebbistatin. Following the application of inhibitors, HSV-1 entry and spread to neighbouring HCE cells was evaluated.

Results

Upon application of MLCK inhibitors ML-7 and ML-9 and NM-IIA inhibitor blebbistatin, HSV-1 entry into HCE cells was significantly decreased. Furthermore, dramatic impairment of glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion was seen in cells treated with MLCK inhibitors, thus establishing a role for MLCK activation in cell-to-cell fusion and multinucleated syncytial cell formation. These results also indicate that the activation of motor protein NM-IIA by MLCK is crucial for cytoskeletal changes required for HSV-1 infection of corneal cells.

Conclusions

We provide new evidence that NM-IIA and MLCK can be used as effective antiviral targets against ocular herpes.
Red-figure vases in the FYR Macedonia
Authors: Sanev Goran
Published: June 2013

La céramique grecque à figures rouges trouvée dans l’Ancienne République Yougoslave de Macédoine (ARYM) a été étudiée ces six dernières décennies essentiellement sur les artefacts des sites situés le long du fleuve Vardar (Axios). Les plus connus du public international sont ceux trouvés à Demir Kapija, dans les années 1950. Leurs formes, décorations et qualités sont comparables à ceux des objets provenant des ateliers les plus connus d’Athènes. Citons, par exemple, l’hydrie du peintre de Meidias, deux lécythes blancs du peintre Reed, des skyphoi à la manière du groupe du « Fat Boy », et d’autres vases parmi lesquels un grand nombre de petits lécythes aryballistiques peints par différents artistes. Les recherches approfondies menées ces vingt dernières années ont considérablement enrichi nos connaissances sur la céramique grecque à figures rouges dans l’ARY de Macédoine, sur son origine et sa dissémination sur le territoire national.
Sunt lacrimae rerum (Virgile, Énéide, I, v. 462). La mémoire, l'image et les signes
Authors: Gros Pierre
Published: June 2013

La quinzième livraison des Studia erudita , la prestigieuse série de Pise, regroupe quelque quarante-huit articles et essais publiés par Mario Torelli au cours de ces dernières décennies. Malgré la diversité des thèmes, qui vont de l’archaïsme grec à la fin de l’Empire romain, ils ont un objectif commun : restituer la ou les significations que les monuments et les œuvres d’art eurent en leur temps, et pour lesquelles ils ont été conçus. Les méthodes interdisciplinaires qui permettent cette démarche herméneutique font un large usage des nouvelles perspectives ouvertes par l’anthropologie, la sociologie et la sémiologie, sans oublier les disciplines traditionnellement liées à l’analyse archéologique, qu’elles soient littéraires, épigraphiques, iconographiques ou topographiques. Le recueil contient deux parties, dont la première s’attache au déchiffrement du langage de l’architecture, la seconde prenant en considération celui des images.
La représentation politique
Authors: Pitkin Hanna F. , Hayat Samuel
Published: June 2013

Résumé Représenter de façon substantielle veut dire agir dans l’intérêt des représentés, d’une manière qui soit réactive à leurs souhaits. Ceci peut être pensé et fait de nombreuses manières, mais il ne faut jamais que le représentant soit un expert indépendant ou un simple commis. Au niveau politique, cette définition de la représentation a plusieurs implications. D’abord, le représentant n’est ni l’agent de sa circonscription, ni un gouvernant national sans ancrage local : c’est l’interaction entre représentants locaux qui permet la création de l’intérêt national. Ensuite, la représentation politique n’est pas une propriété individuelle, mais une propriété du système, qui doit permettre la réactivité. Enfin, la diversité des visions valides de la représentation ne signifie pas que n’importe quel gouvernement est représentatif : pour que l’on puisse parler de gouvernement représentatif, il faut qu’il y ait une institutionnalisation de la réactivité au peuple, en premier lieu par des élections libres. Cependant, cette institutionnalisation ne suffit pas : il faut aussi garder à l’esprit la représentation comme idéal, pour sans cesse juger et réformer les institutions de représentation.
La dimension affective de la démocratie
Authors: Göhler Gerhard , Pégny Gaëtan , Sintomer Yves
Published: June 2013

Résumé Les sentiments et les émotions n’ont semble-t-il rien à faire dans la délibération. Dans les conceptions de la démocratie délibérative inspirées par Habermas, seule compte la dimension cognitive de la rationalité. Ce rétrécissement est problématique. Si toute communauté et donc aussi toute forme de démocratie repose sur la représentation symbolique de ses valeurs (Eric Voegelin, Siegfried Landshut, Carl Schmitt), cette présence symbolique est toujours à la fois cognitive et affective, car les symboles sont toujours doublement connotés. Dans de telles conditions, perd-on la rationalité de la délibération ? Cette conclusion serait fâcheuse, mais elle ne semble pas obligatoire. Il s’agit bien plutôt de déterminer d’une nouvelle manière – plus réaliste – la délibération et sa rationalité, en prenant en compte sa symbolicité.
La représentation inclusive
Authors: Hayat Samuel
Published: June 2013

Résumé L’opposition traditionnelle entre représentation et participation directe repose sur une conception exclusive de la représentation. Or on peut mettre au jour, notamment par l’histoire de la représentation avant le triomphe du gouvernement représentatif, une autre conception, inclusive, où l’existence d’une relation de représentation stimule plutôt qu’empêche la participation directe des représentés. Cette inclusion par la représentation peut d’abord passer par la politisation des citoyens, au sein même des institutions du gouvernement représentatif, par la formulation d’un jugement sur l’action des représentants, ou à l’extérieur, par la construction de dispositifs alternatifs de représentation. La représentation inclusive peut aussi viser l’inclusion spécifique des groupes dominés, à l’intérieur ou à l’extérieur des institutions du gouvernement représentatif. Enfin, la représentation inclusive peut passer par des processus de subjectivation, par lesquels des groupes sociaux exclus deviennent des sujets politiques.
Open innovation and service dominant logic: application of foundational premises to innovative firms
Authors: Cesaroni Fabrizio , Duque Lola C.
Published: June 2013

Firms have been modifying their innovation management processes to generate, implement and exploit new technological knowledge. A gradual shift from a closed to an open model of technological innovation has been the recurring pattern of this change, which has also induced firms to a modification of managerial procedures and business models. The Service-Dominant (SD) logic can offer a useful guideline to firms in the implementation of an Open Innovation (OI) model. In this paper we analyze the bases of the OI paradigm by means of the SD logic mindset. Each of the ten foundational premises (FP) of the SD logic are described, interpreted for high-tech firms and analyzed to suggest how they translate to the OI approach with the help of real world examples.
Relaciones entre servicios centrales y unidades de negocio en grupos empresariales: efectos derivados de la centralización de compras
Authors: Apraiz Larragán Amaia , Iribar Bilbao María Felisa
Published: June 2013

In the present situation, characterized by globalization and internationalization of the markets and a crisis whose effects remain undefined, it is essential for companies to obtain a strong competitive position. For several years, geographic market development has been one of the most frequent strategies and it has turned out to be nearly one of the most successful. Only a short time ago, Spanish businesses which had adopted this strategy in previous years, revealed that a substantial part of their results came from their units in other markets, in many cases, emerging markets. In spite of these always very relative results, these multinational or transnational companies have felt the need to apply reinforcement strategies, such as the use of scale economies, in an attempt to obtain improvements in costs through accumulation and uniformity. The aim of this article is to analyze the effects that measures such as centralization of purchases can have in the managerial group as a whole, to study possible negative effects inside it and to suggest some alternatives to compensate for them.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Natural Rubber (NCC/Nr) Composites
Authors: Gao Tian Ming , Huang Mao Fang , Xie Rui Hong , Chen Hong Lian
Published: June 2013

Surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared by silicon-69, and then blended into natural rubber latex to prepare nanocomposites. The nanocomposites properties of tensile properties, tear strength, morphology and thermal dynamic mechanical properties were measured by mechanical property testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The results showed that modified NCC is homogeneously distributed throughout NR matrix, which leads to the enhancement on mechanical properties. Moreover, the storage modulus (E) of modified nanocellulose filled NR is higher than unmodified nanocellulose filled NR, and the tanδ is reversed.
On establishing ceramic chemical groups: exploring the influence of data analysis methods and the role of the elements chosen in analysis
Authors: Michelaki Kostalena , Hughes Michael J. , Hancock Ronald G.V.
Published: June 2013

Since the 1970s, archaeologists have increasingly depended on archaeometric rather than strictly stylistic data to explore questions of ceramic provenance and technol- ogy, and, by extension, trade, exchange, social networks and even identity. It is accepted as obvious by some archaeometrists and statisti- cians that the results of the analyses of compo- sitional data may be dependent on the format of the data used, on the data exploration method employed and, in the case of multivari- ate analyses, even on the number of elements considered. However, this is rarely articulated clearly in publications, making it less obvious to archaeologists. In this short paper, we re- examine compositional data from a collection of bricks, tiles and ceramics from Hill Hall, near Epping in Essex, England, as a case study to show how the method of data exploration used and the number of elements considered in multivariate analyses of compositional data can affect the sorting of ceramic samples into chemical groups. We compare bivariate data splitting (BDS) with principal component analysis (PCA) and centered log ratio-principal component analysis (CLR-PCA) of different unstandardized data formats [original concen- tration data and logarithmically transformed (i.e. log10 data)], using different numbers of elements. We confirm that PCA, in its various forms, is quite sensitive to the numbers and types of elements used in data analysis.
Reassessment of elemental concentration data of sediments from the western delta of the Nile River
Authors: Michelaki Kostalena , Hancock Ronald G.V.
Published: June 2013

The present study re-examines geochemical data produced by instrumental neutron activa- tion analysis (INAA) of sixty-two fired clay sed- iment samples from the western Nile delta in Egypt. The goal is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of principal component analysis (PCA) and bivariate data splitting (BDS), two widely used data analysis methods, in success- fully sorting differing sediment chemistries. Both PCA and BDS are performed using vari- ous data formats [i.e. original, calcium (Ca)- corrected, scandium (Sc)-normalized, or loga- rithmically (log10) transformed]. Both PCA and BDS are shown to sort differing chemistries well. While PCA has the advantage of speed, BDS has the advantage of providing specific chemical clarity and the opportunity to assess the degree of sand dilution more precisely. In PCA, the data format is semi-immaterial, while in BDS, different formats of the data may hin- der, rather than enhance, data interpretation, depending on the questions being asked.
Cost-Effectiveness of Genetic Studies in Inherited Heart Diseases
Authors: Sabater-Molina María , García-Molina Esperanza , Tovar Isabel , Ruiz-Espejo Francisco , Gimeno Juan Ramón , Valdés Mariano
Published: June 2013

There is a need to evidence the cost of genetic testing and know their profitability in order to establish criteria for priorizing access to genetic testing for these diseases. We determinated the cost per positive genotyping in 234 index cases with diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), long-QT syndrome (LQTS), or Brugada syndrome (BS). The genetic tests of the most prevalent genes and the estimation of the costs of periodical screening in wildtype relatives (WT) were calculated. A total of 738 individuals (517 HCM, 76 ARVC, 71 LQTS and 74 BS) from 234 probands were genotyped. The savings made by not having to perform the clinical testing of WT relatives exceeded the cost of genotyping for HCM families € +220,710, ARVC families € +9405 and LQTS families € +8362. The balance in BS was negative (€ –25,112). Our data suggests that individuals with conclusive clinical diagnostic of HCM should have a priority to access genetic testing. A positive overall benefit was also demonstrated in ARVC and LQTS.
Predominantly Cystic Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Developing from a Previously Diagnosed Dentigerous Cyst: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Spoorthi Banavar Ravi , Rao Roopa S. , Rajashekaraiah Premalatha Bidadi , Patil Shankargouda , Venktesaiah Sowmya Samudrala , Purushothama Preethi
Published: June 2013

Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jawbones is an extremely rare malignant salivary gland tumour constituting 2- 4.3% of all the reported mucoepidermoid carcinomas. We report a case of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible in an 80-year old female patient developing from a previously diagnosed dentigerous cyst. An excisional biopsy was performed and the histopathological features confirmed low grade-cystic intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The origin of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma could be suggested to be from the epithelial lining of previously diagnosed dentigerous cyst. Thus, emphasizing the need for careful examination of the entire excision specimen to rule out such neoplastic transformation of epithelial lining of odontogenic cyst and provide appropriate and effective treatment.
Michel Foucault en die historisering van Anderswees
Authors: Beukes Johann C.
Published: June 2013

Michel Foucault and the historization of Otherness In this article the intimate relation between power, history and historiography is explored within the context of the postmodem philosophy/ historiography of Michel Foucault. Foucault confronts us with a timeless question: do we recognize our own dicourses of power? Do we recognize the Other, the victims of instrumental reason? At the end of the Middle Ages leprosy disappeared from the face of the earth.(Michel Foucault: Opening sentence in Madness and Civilization)
A review of current research on group formation in early Christianity
Authors: Botha Eugene J.
Published: June 2013

In this paper an attempt is made to gain a picture of the earliest stages of the Christian movement subsequent to Jesus' public ministry. Observations about methodological matters are made and this is followed by a brief discussion of a possible scenario regarding the earliest Christian groups. Some suggestions are also made with regard to the utilization of other disciplines such as social science methodology (with special reference to small group theories and sociolinguistics) which could be extremely helpful in obtaining a clearer picture of the earliest stages of the Christian movement
Daniel and Enoch: Two different reactions
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: June 2013

The authors of Daniel 7-12 and of 1 Enoch 83-90 are identified as groups from the retainer class. Both groups belonged to the apocalyptic Hasidic movement. They differed in their reactions to the measures which Antiochus IV Epiphanes took against the temple and the Jews in 167 BCE. The Enoch group were inclined towards the activist stance taken by the Maccabees. The Daniel group chose for a modified apocalyptic form of asceticism.
The women at the tomb: What are they doing there?
Authors: Osiek Carolyn
Published: June 2013

This article will explore the role and junction of the women in the empty tomb narratives of the Gospel tradition. What purpose do they play in the resurrection kerygma of the early church? Why is the story of their first arrival at the tomb so persistent that it continues into the later apocryphal gospels? The discussion of this question will be in three parts: part one will summarize some of the work on these passages that has been done by scholars using the tools of redaction criticism. Part two will examine some of the surrounding issues from the perspective of social history and social construction of meaning, especially with regard to women's subcultures, roles in burial customs, and public testimony. Part three will apply to these findings a feminist analysis using both a hermeneutic of suspicion and of remembrance.
Liturgical music: Worship or war?
Authors: Kloppers Elsabe
Published: June 2013

The way we are affected by music in general and the role of association, as well as the way association influences the forming of criteria for the evaluation of music and how these criteria would apply to church music, are discussed. The essence of liturgy and the function of music, as part of the liturgy are established. The conclusion is made that 'variety' is the key for the renewal of liturgical singing.
Alttestamentliche Voraussetzungen fur das Ver-standnis des Bundesmotivs im Neuen Testament Teil 1: Fragestellung und Bedeutung des Wortes בְדִית*
Authors: Grabe Petrus J.
Published: June 2013

The Old Testament background for understanding the covenant motif in the New Testament - Part 1: Description of the question and analysis of the meaning of the word בְדִית* The concept of the covenant has once again become extremely relevant within the context of the debate on the relationship between the Old and New Testaments, as well as within the context, of the quest for determining the relationship between the Church and Israel. In this article the meaning of the word בְדִית* is discussed. It is argued that this concept has to be understood within the context of the semantic field in which it is used in the Old Testament. Certain facets of meaning in specific contexts in which בְדִית* occurs, are accentuated and discussed.  The Septuagint's translation of בְדִית*, as well as the translation of בְדִית* in the Vulgate and in some modem translations, is also discussed briefly.
Die Elisa-siklus teen die agtergrond van die Babiloniese ballingskap
Authors: Slabbert M. J.
Published: June 2013

The Elisha-cycle interpreted against the background of the Babilonian exile. In this article the point of departure is that the 'meaning' of literature is to a large extent determined by literary as well as historical contexts. The literature which comes up for discussion, namely the Elisha cycle, is therefore studied within the literary context of the book of Kings as well as the larger context of the corpus of the Deuteronomistic history. The sociohistorical setting of the literture - to be more specific, the dogmata which were the order of the day during the Babilonian - exile codetermines the parameters within which the legends about Elisha are understood.
The evangelical church of Zaire and the female ordained ministry 1
Authors: Mulemfo M. M.
Published: June 2013

African culture(s) had assigned inferior roles to women in society. The first Christian missionaries did very little to liberate women from this cultural enslavement. The missionaries's understanding of the leadership roles of women was not very different from that of African culture and its societal organisation. Many churches in Africa had kept to this cultural conservatism and also adopted the missionary theology. However, there are some Christians who accept women into the pastoral ministry, while others consider this move as blasphemous and unbiblical. The role of the church in this conflictual issue is to elaborate a new biblical hermeneutic which would help the church to create a conducive environment where men and women would understand their humanity on an equal basis and participate in God's salvific mission for the world.
Perspectives on the doctrine of providence in some of Calvin' s sermons on Job
Authors: Potgieter Pieter C.
Published: June 2013

It is quite remarkable that Calvin addresses himself to the providence of God not only in his 'theological' works (eg Institutes), but particularly also in his more 'popular' works, for instance his correspondence and sermons. This is where the doctrine of providence is significantly contextualized. It is obvious that he takes up his topic in a most responsible manner, by which the 'providentia Dei' should not only comfort those who believe in Christ, but should also call for a responsible life before the countenance of God. Furthermore, for Calvin providence is not so much an issue to be 'explained', but rather a 'confession' related to the very heart of faith.
Calvin on preaching
Authors: Schulze L. F.
Published: June 2013

After introducing the congregation of Geneva to whom Calvin preached, the topic of this paper is discussed under the headings of three questions namely: Why did he preach? How did he preach? and, What did he preach? By answering these questions Calvin's view on preaching is elucidated.
Calvin the preacher: His explanation of the doctrine of predestination in the sermon of 1551 and in the Institutes of 1559.
Authors: Neuser W. H.
Published: June 2013

In this study, Calvin 's famous sermon on eternal election of 1551 is dis-cussed and compared to his treatment of the doctrine in his Institutes, 1559. This is a necessary study, never undertaken before, of the correlation between Calvin's pastoral treatment of the Biblical doctrine of predestination and his more didactic-apologetic approach in the Institutes. Here the main argument in the sermon is summarised and, at every point, the corrsponding passage in the Institutes is also discussed and the difference in approach and argument evaluated. In this way a more complete knowledge of Calvin's understanding of this doctrine is gained. To assist the reader, the text of the sermon of 1551 is also published. The final conclusion is that the sermon is a valuable addition to the Institutes. Without it, Calvin's pastoral treatment of the doctrine is ignored when evaluating his exposition on eternal election.
Calvin 1 5 preaching on the church in the letter to the Ephesians
Authors: Botha S. J.
Published: June 2013

Dealing with Calvin as preacher inevitably involves attention to his preaching on the church. With this purpose in mind, three sermons from the letter to the Ephesians are analyzed. In this paper the results are discussed under three main headings, namely the origin and the essence of the church, the unity of the church and the offices of the church.
Report on the seminar: An investigation of Calvin' s principles of Biblical interpretation
Authors: Armstrong B. G.
Published: June 2013

This article serves as a report on the seminar on 'Calvin the Preacher', held at the University of Pretoria during the Fifth South-African Congres of Calvin Research. In the seminar, where various examples of Calvin's interpretation were discussed, the basic principles of Calvin's method were enumerated.  Although the discussions ranged far and wide, a valuable insight was gained in Calvin's methods. At the same time it became clear that Calvin's principles of Biblical interpretation had to receive more attention.
Martin Luther se leer oor die doop volgens sy De Captivitate Babylonica Ecclesiae praeludium van 1520
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2013

Martin Luther's doctrine of baptism according to the De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium of 1520. In this study Luther's doctrine on baptism, as found in his 'De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium' of 1520 is studied. This is not an exhaustive study of Luther's complete doctrine on baptism. It only explores his views on this sacrament which, according to his thesis, is held in captivity by the Roman doctrine on baptism. It is found that Luther, in this work, shifts the existing emphasis on the sacramental elements to the primacy of the Word and faith in that redemptive Word.
Kerkgeskiedskrywing: Hoe skryf ons kerkgeskiedenis?
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2013

Every generation writes its own history of the Church. As the past is continually evaluated from different points of view and as every generation asks new questions, so the understanding of the past changes and history is rewritten. In discussing this situation, three issues are treated: the understanding of the past and what history is, the requirements for writing history and the question whether history has a vision for the future. These matters continually appear in discussions on history and the requirements for writing history.
Koers(e) van die Afrikaner in die geskiedenis
Authors: Dreyer P. S.
Published: June 2013

When speaking of the direction of a people, the term direction has the meaning of a relatively stable trend or course over a relatively long period of the history of the majority of that people. The problem dis-cussed in this paper is the question whether such a direction(s) can be discerned in the history of the Afrikaans people. Such a direction can only be the result of values obtaining in a stable order of preference, forming a set of norms expressed in the views and actions of the people over a relatively long period of time. In a compact overview, eight of the most important areas of the history of the Afrikaans people are considered. The conclusion is that a definite trend is discernible. The most important aspects of this trend are a sharp awareness of self-identity; a desire for freedom, implying a negative reaction to British political and cultural imperialism; a fierce love of the Afrikaans language; and an aversion to mixing with people of non-Western descent.
Wortels en agtergronde van Hervormde teologie en kerkwees in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Wyk D. J.C.
Published: June 2013

Roots and background of reformed theology and ecclesiastical being in South Africa. After investigating researches and publications on the ethical direction taken by Dutch theology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, J A Loader came to the conclusion that this direction is an important - if not the most important - background to the theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. and of its theological training at the University of Pretona, especially during the earlier years and at the time of its inception. In this article the outcome of the research undertaken by Loader is critically reviewed and seriously questioned. It is maintained that his evaluation of ethical theology is too rigid and its influence on the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk overemphasised. It seems that the prominent influence of Hoedemaker and confessional theology is overlooked by Loader.
Het hart van de kerk
Authors: Dos Gysbert
Published: June 2013

The heart of the church. Abraham Kuyper accused the so-called 'ethische' theologians that they only pretended to be Calvinists because the doctrine of predestination did not figure as a central point of their thinking. In this paper the answer of J H Gunning Jr, one of the leaders of the so-called 'ethischen',  to Kuyper is discussed. Although this paper mainly focuses on six articles Gunning published in the periodical 'Stemmen voor waarheid en vrede' between 1878 and 1880, it also introduces other articles of Gunning into the discussion. The topic of this paper indicates how, in the end, Gunning saw predestination.
Jesus' father: The quest for the historical Joseph
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

This article aims at demonstrating the historical probability that Joseph, the father of Jesus, should be regarded as a legendary figure. It seems that the Joseph figure is modeled after the patriarch in the First Testament. Here Joseph was exalted despite of slander. He married an 'impure' virgin. He became the adversary of Judah. His sons, bornin Egypt, were seen as the forefathers of the illegitimate Samaritans. He was regarded as an ethical paradigm. He served as the ideal type for God's beloved child. The search for the historical Joseph leads to the conclusion that Jesus grew up fatherless. This conclusion has enormous consequences for the quest for the historical Jesus.
Die laerskoolkind in die erediens
Authors: Du P. Beukes M. J.
Published: June 2013

The primary school child in public worship. With this study I want to demonstrate that children, on the grounds of Biblical, dogmatical and church law are no less the property of God than adults. Because children are a complete pan of God's church, they should be taken into account during public worship. The exceptional nature of the primary school child asks of the church to consider that pans of public worship be arranged for their specific needs and prepared according to their nature.
Ds C Spoelstra en die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
Authors: Du Bruin C. J. , Botha S. J.
Published: June 2013

Rev C Spoelstra and the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk. The inter relationship between 'Rev C Spoelstra and the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk' is studies from three different perspectives: Spoelstra with or as part of the church (a positive relationship). Secondly, there is the increasing tension between Spoelstra and Rev M J Goddefroy (Goddefroy eventually became to  Spoelstra the representation of the whole Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk). Thirdly, Spoelstra opposed the whole Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk and not only Goddefroy.
Sosiale kruisigingsteks(te) van 11Q Tempel 64.6-13: 'n Ondersoek na intertekstualiteit
Authors: Geyser Ananda , Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

Social crucifixion text(s) of 11 Q Temple 64.6-13: An investigation into intertextuality. This article asks certain questions about the assumption that Israelites did not use crucifixion as a penalty. It more specifically looks at the post-exilic era to 100 CE and focuses on two crucifixion texts from the Dead Sea Scrolls (11Q 64.6-13 and 4 QpNahum) IJy means of the method of intertextuality. In other words, it compares the Qumran texts with the crucifying habits and traditions of neighbouring cultures. These habits and traditions are called the social text(s). This article assumes that a text is not only a written but also a happened text. In other words, context is also taken to be a text.
The historical Jesus and the search for God
Authors: Patterson Stephen J.
Published: June 2013

Since the advent of the first quest for the historical Jesus in the nine-teenth century, theologians have felt compelled to accept as normative either the Jesus of history (so Liberal Theology) or the Christ of faith (so Liberal Theology). This choice is a false one, for the structure of early Christian faith involves both historical and confessional elements inthe creation of meaningful theological discourse. We can recover the poetics of that discourse if we clearly distinguish between the historical and confessional elements in the gospels, and place them once again in a dialectical relationship. In this way, the quest for the historical Jesus may retain its character as an historical discipline, and yet still prove fruitful for critical theological reflection.
Wat beteken 'kanon' vandag?
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: June 2013

What does 'canon' mean at present? The notion of canon has become quite complicated. In textual criticism it is no longer possible to identiy the canon with only one form of the textual tradition. Canonical texts originate and function in communities of faith. Childs' canonical approach does not accommodate this aspectproperly. Sanders' canon criticism invites social scientific criticism like Gottwald's to enable one to understand the canon within a much largerframe work. Even traditional studies of the history of the canon have to pay attention to a series of sociocultural factors. In postmodern society the canon of the Bible works on a multidimensional level, conrontingpeople with the living God who empowers them to live in God's presence.
Die kommunikasiekrag van liturgiese simbole met spesifieke verwysing na die toga
Authors: Roets P. J.
Published: June 2013

The communication of liturgical symbols with specific reference to the robe. Recently, in the name of renewal, full churches and the satisfaction of church members, the hunting season was opened on many of the church's traditional symbols. Renewal is necessary, but before a well-trusted custom is thrown overboard, the value of such a custom must first be established. A well-tried practice usually is worth, more than what can be seen on the surface at first glance. Liturgical symbols, amongst others the robe, are being put under suspicion by many church members as well as theologians. Do these liturgical symbols impede the communication of the word of God or does the robe, inter alia, contribute to the communication of the Gospel, which is the nucleus of protestant public worship? By means of empirical research, this article aims to establish the theological meaning and function of the robe as a liturgical symbol.
Prof dr M J du P Beukes: In Terugblik op sy lewe en werk
Authors: Dreyer T. F.J.
Published: June 2013

Prof Dr M J du P Beukes: A review of his life and work. This aticle is an atempt to present a bird's eye view of the life and work of Prof M J du P Beukes. He served as a minister in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika from 1966 to 1989. In 1989 he was appointed Professor in the Faculty of Theology (Sec A) of the University of Pretoria, in the Centre for Theological Research and Instruction (STNT). His specific responsibility was the practical training of theological students, for the ministry. This training was integrated with their academic programme. Professor Beukes was also appointed part-time lecturer in the Department of Practical Theology. During his career he was an active researcher and published on a wide range of theological subjects. His work was closely linked to the Hervormde Kerk and the practical training of theological students.
Prof dr L J S Steenkamp: 'n Oorsig van sy lewe en werk
Authors: Van der Merwe P. J.
Published: June 2013

Prof Dr L J S Steenkamp: A review of his life and career. Prof Lourens Johannes Stephanus Steenkamp retired on medical grounds from his teaching post at the Faculty of Theology (Section A), University of Pretoria, on 31 March 1999. This article contains some biographical notes and a brief review of his career. Lourens Steenkamp's career in the ministry of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk (NHK) started in 1973 in a small town on the Mpumalanga platteland. In 1987 he received the DPhil degree of the University of Pretoia. The title of his thesis was "Aristotle's concept of God". His career took a new turn in 1989 when he was appointed director of the NHK's Institute for the Training of Office Bearers and Church Members and head of the Centre for Theological Research and Instruction (STNT) of the Faculty of Theology (Section A), University of Pretoria. In 1994 he moved over to the Faculty as full-time organiser of the centrefs programmes and pat-time lecturer in Philosophy of Religion. His main interests were two-fold: theology and educaional policy matters. His contribution in both of these fields is discussed and reviewed.