bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the Morphological, Functional and Molecular Changes in Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kamli Hossam , Gobe Glenda C , Li Li , Vesey David A , Morais Christudas
Published: August 2018

Sunitinib resistance is a major clinical problem hampering the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Studies on the comprehensive characterisation of morphological, functional and molecular changes in sunitinib-resistant RCC cells are lacking. The aim of the current study was to develop sunitinib resistance in four human RCC cell lines (786-0, Caki-1, Caki-2 and SN12K1), and to characterise the changed cell biology with sunitinib resistance. RCC cells were made resistant by continuous, chronic exposure to 10 µM of sunitinib over a period of 12 months. Cell proliferation, morphology, transmigration, and gene expression for interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Bcl-2 and Bax were studied. There was no significant difference in growth rate or transmigration between the parental and resistant cells. Sunitinib-resistant cells were significantly hypertrophic compared with parental cells as evidenced by increases in the surface areas of the whole cells and the nuclei. IL-6 was significantly increased in all resistant cells. IL-8 was increased in sunitinib-resistant Caki-2 and SN12K1 cells and decreased in 786-0 without any significant changes in Caki-1. VEGF was increased in resistant Caki-2 and SN12K1 cells but not in 786-0 and Caki-1. The Bcl2/Bax ratio was increased in Caki-1, Caki-2 and SN12K1 cells but decreased in 786-0 cells. The increased IL-6 may contribute to sunitinib resistance either via VEGF-mediated angiogenesis or through shifting of the Bcl2/Bax balance in favour of anti-apoptosis.
Effectiveness of First-Line Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Observational Cohort Study GRETA
Authors: Franchi Matteo , Barni Sandro , Tagliabue Giovanna , Ricci Paolo , Mazzucco Walter , Tumino Rosario , Caputo Antonietta , Corrao Giovanni ,   on behalf of the GRETA working group
Published: August 2018

Background

Scant real-world data exist on the clinical outcomes associated with the use of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy (B+CT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The primary objective of the GRETA cohort study was to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with mCRC treated with first-line B+CT versus chemotherapy (CT) alone, in an Italian clinical practice setting.

Materials and Methods

Incident patients with mCRC were identified during the period 2010–2012 from five population-based cancer registries in Italy. Cases were linked to regional health care utilization databases to obtain the entire spectrum of health services provided to each patient. Patients starting a first-line treatment with B+CT or CT alone within 90 days from the diagnosis were included in the study cohort. A propensity score (PS) method was applied to account for residual confounding.

Results

Of 480 patients with mCRC included in the study cohort, 21.0 received first-line B+CT, and 79.0% received CT. Patients receiving B+CT were younger (p < .001) and underwent surgery more frequently (p = .001). The median OS was 22.5 and 14.6 months for B+CT and CT, respectively (p = .011). The corresponding hazard ratios adjusted by multivariate modeling and PS matched analysis were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–1.08) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.56–1.33), respectively. Similar results were observed after subgrouping by age and surgery.

Conclusion

In this Italian real-world setting of unselected mCRC, the OS of patients treated with B+CT was consistent with previous observational and patient-registry studies. However, definitive evidence of an improvement in OS cannot be drawn.
Wide Range of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Gliomatosis Cerebri Growth Pattern: A Clinical, Radiographic, and Histopathologic Study
Authors: Ly K. Ina , Oakley Derek H. , Pine Alexander B. , Frosch Matthew P. , Chiou Sy Han , Betensky Rebecca A. , Pomerantz Stuart R. , Hochberg Fred H. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Cahill Daniel P. , Dietrich Jorg
Published: August 2018

Background

The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors categorizes gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern (GC) as a subgroup of diffuse infiltrating gliomas, defined by extent of brain involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical and radiographic features in GC patients are highly heterogeneous; however, prognosis has historically been considered poor.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

We performed a retrospective search for patients at our institution meeting radiographic criteria of primary, type I GC (defined as diffuse tumor infiltration without associated tumor mass and contrast enhancement on MRI) and analyzed their clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features.

Results

A total of 34 patients met radiographic criteria of primary, type I GC, and 33 had a confirmed histologic diagnosis of an infiltrating glial neoplasm. Age >47 years at diagnosis was associated with worse overall survival (OS) compared with age ≤47 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.07, p = .003). Patients with grade 2 tumors demonstrated a trend for improved OS compared with those with grade 3 tumors (HR 2.65, 95% CI 0.99–7.08, p = .051). Except for brainstem involvement, extent or location of radiographic involvement did not detectably affect clinical outcome. IDH mutation status identified a subgroup of GC patients with particularly long survival up to 25 years and was associated with longer time to progression (HR 4.81, 95% CI 0.99–23.47, p = .052).

Conclusion

Patients with primary, type I GC do not uniformly carry a poor prognosis, even in the presence of widespread radiographic involvement. Consistent with other reports, IDH mutation status may identify patients with improved clinical outcome. Molecular characterization, rather than MRI features, may be most valuable for prognostication and management of GC patients.
Influence of cement replacement by limestone calcined clay pozzolan on the engineering properties of mortar and concrete
Authors: Shah Vineet , Parashar Anuj , Mishra Geetika , Medepalli Satya , Krishnan Sreejith , Bishnoi Shashank
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the effect of a new type of blended pozzolan on the hydration, mechanical and durability performance of cement. A blend of limestone calcined clay pozzolan (LCCP) was produced by grinding calcined clay and limestone in a ratio of 2 : 1 with 2% gypsum. Blends with cement replacement level of 0, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50% using LCCP were cast. The effect of LCCP on the hydration of cement was investigated using isothermal calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Mortar and concrete samples were cast to study the influence of LCCP on mechanical and transport properties. The addition of LCCP was found to have a beneficial effect on the early age hydration of cement. The induction period and initial setting time of cement paste were found to reduce on increased cement replacement level. Higher or similar compressive strength was observed for all the LCCP blends as compared to ordinary Portland cement. The pozzolanic reaction of calcined clay and formation of carboaluminates on the reaction of calcium carbonate with alumina helps to develop a refined pore structure that aids in reducing transport properties of concrete such as porosity, rate of water absorption and permeability.
Botanical and geotechnical characteristics of blanket peat at three Irish bogflows
Authors: Foteu Madio Eliane S , Dykes Alan P
Published: August 2018

The potential importance of botanical controls on the properties and behaviour of blanket peat involved in peat landslides was identified almost twenty years ago. During 2010–2012, investigations of the blanket peat at three bogflows in north-west Ireland were done with the aim of establishing some form of relationship between botanical or palaeoecological characteristics and standard physical and geotechnical properties, assuming the latter to be meaningful but recognising that this may not be the case. In situ measurements and investigations at all three sites were followed by extensive laboratory characterisation of small core, block and monolith samples. The botanical composition of the peat could not be fully determined due to the high degree of decomposition. However, analysis of macrofossils allowed distinct depth-related patterns of several key botanical indicators to be determined. In particular, the monocotyledon fragments, dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, showed distinct and potentially useful distributions throughout the peat profiles. Overall results showed that the basal peat at one site was discernibly different from the other two sites, having fewer monocotyledons, fewer fibres, higher dry bulk density and higher saturated hydraulic conductivity. This approach therefore offers a potential basis for developing a means of assessing peat mass characteristics from small auger samples.
Creep and shrinkage of synthetic fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete
Authors: Noushini Amin , Castel Arnaud , Gilbert Raymond Ian
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the use of synthetic polypropylene (PP) and polyolefin (PO) fibres to improve the creep and shrinkage performance of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Three PP fibres of 18, 19 and 51 mm length and two PO fibres of 48 and 55 mm length with a volume fraction of 0·5% were added to geopolymer concrete. The mechanical properties of the resulting material, such as compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, have been studied. The drying shrinkage and creep of plain and fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete were examined for a period of 1 year. The results revealed that the inclusion of PP and PO fibres in a volume fraction of 0·5% decreased the drying shrinkage and increased the compressive creep of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete at both early ages and in the long term.
Book review
Authors: Millais Malcolm
Published: August 2018

Tension Structures: Form and Behaviour – 2nd edition
Performance dos Fundos de Investimento em Cotas no Brasil
Authors: Borges Junior Dermeval Martins , Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: August 2018

Dentre as modalidades de fundos existentes, estão os Fundos de Investimento em Cotas (FICs). São fundos que adquirem participações de outros fundos em vez de investir diretamente em ativos do mercado. Além de oferecer as vantagens inerentes aos fundos tradicionais, o FIC possibilita a expansão das opções de investimento, uma vez que sua estrutura permite acessar diversos outros fundos com baixo investimento inicial. Por outro lado, a estrutura dos FICs apresenta taxas e custos que podem afetar negativamente sua performance. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar a performance dos FICs brasileiros, em comparação aos demais fundos. A partir de uma amostra composta por 1.723 fundos de ações, com dados disponíveis para o período de janeiro de 2005 até março de 2016, utilizou-se a análise de regressão para atingir o objetivo do trabalho. Os resultados indicaram melhores indicadores de performance (Índice de Sharpe) para os FICs, em comparação aos demais fundos da amostra.
Relação entre a republicação das demonstrações contábeis e o Audit Delay
Authors: Chiudini Vanessa , Cunha Paulo Roberto da , Marques Leandro
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a relação entre a republicação das demonstrações contábeis e o audit delay. Consiste em uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo documental, com abordagem quantitativa. A população da pesquisa compreende 495 empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa. Foram selecionadas para a pesquisa as empresas que apresentaram o Relatório do Auditor Independente sobre as demonstrações contábeis da companhia, entre os anos de 2011 e 2016. Os dados foram analisados por meio de teste de médias e teste de correlação no software SPSS®. Os resultados indicam que há relação entre a republicação das demonstrações contábeis e o audit delay nos anos de 2011, 2012, 2015 e 2016, enquanto que para os anos de 2013 e 2014 tal relação não pôde ser confirmada. Em 2013, não houve diferença significativa no audit delay das empresas que publicaram ou republicaram as demonstrações contábeis. Já, em 2014, observou-se uma relação inversa ao esperado, um menor audit delay relacionado à republicação das demonstrações contábeis. Conclui-se, portanto, que no mercado brasileiro um maior atraso na liberação do relatório do auditor pode sinalizar maiores riscos para a realização da auditoria, dando indícios que as demonstrações podem ser republicadas. Maiores investigações são necessárias para explicar o resultado dissonante observado em 2014.
İNGİLİZ RAPORLARINA GÖRE FİLİSTİN’DEKİ İNGİLİZ İDARELERİ VE İSRAİL DEVLETİ’Nİ OLUŞTURAN SÜREÇTEKİ ROLLERİ
Authors: BAŞLAMIŞLI Macide
Published: August 2018

Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı
Devleti farklı cephelerde aynı anda birçok devletle savaştı. Savaştığı
ülkelerden biri de dönemin en güçlü devleti İngiltere idi. İngiltere, güneş
batmayan sömürgelerine yeni topraklar katmak adına müttefiki olduğu devletlerle
birlikte Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na karşı savaş açtı. Orta Doğu’da Arapları
kışkırtarak Türk idaresine karşı isyanlar başlattılar. Bu bağlamda Türk idaresi
altındaki bu toprakları parçalama politikasına yöneldiler. Birinci Dünya Savaşı
sonrası galip devletler, Versailles düzeni ile Alman ve Türk
imparatorluklarının topraklarını yağmalamaya başladılar. Oluşturdukları bu yenidünya
düzeninde “Manda” adını verdikleri yeni yönetim sistemi ile işgal ettikleri
toprakları sömürmeye başladılar. İngiltere için Orta Doğu coğrafyasında Filistin’
in ayrı bir önemi vardı. Filistin, üç din için kutsal sayılan bir ülkeydi.
Avrupa’dan dışlanan Yahudiler, kendilerine bir yurt kurma çabasına girmişlerdi.
Bu amaç doğrultusunda kurulmuş olan ve Yahudi milliyetçiliğini esas alan
Siyonizm, İngiltere ile birlikte hareket ederek bu planı yönlendirdi. Söz
konusu planlar Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde başlamış, ancak savaş sonrası
harekete geçebilmişlerdi.19. yüzyılda kurulmuş olan Siyonist Örgüt, Birinci
Dünya Savaşı’nı fırsat bilerek 1917’de yayımlanan Balfour Bildirgesi ile
Filistin’de bir Yahudi yurdu kurulacağını tüm dünyaya ilan etmiş oldu. Böylece
savaş sonrası görülmüş oldu ki İngilizler, Filistin üzerinde hem Yahudilere hem
de Araplara bağımsızlık sözü vermişlerdi. Türk idaresi altında barış ve huzur
içinde yaşayan toplumlar bir anda etkisi günümüze kadar gelmiş olan bir çatışma
ortamı içine girmiş oldular. İngiltere, Siyonist Örgütü’nden aldığı maddi
desteklerle Yahudilerin hamisi olmuştu. Araplara göre azınlıkta olan Yahudiler,
teşvik edilen büyük göçlerle neredeyse Araplara eşit nüfusa sahip olmak
üzerelerdi. Filistin’de geçici Askeri yönetim sonrası kurulan Manda idaresi ile
İsrail Devleti’ne giden yoların taşları döşenmiş oldu. İngiltere bu süreçte,
Filistin’de idari, hukuki, sosyal ve mali yapılar oluşturarak Yahudi
Devleti’nin temellerini atmış oldu.
EFSANE VE MİTOLOJİ ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME VE EFSANE MİTOLOJİ İLİŞKİŞİ
Authors: KARADENİZ YAĞMUR Sibel
Published: August 2018

Efsane, anlatıma dayalı bir halk
edebiyatı türüdür ve sanatlı bir anlatıma sahip olmayışıyla destandan ayrılır. Efsaneler
çoğunlukla olağanüstü olayları, insanüstü güçleri ele alır, olayları gerçekten
uzaklaştırarak anlatır ve konusu bir kişi, bir yer veya bir olaydır.  Efsanelerde kısmen kutsiyet vardır.  Efsaneler dünyanın yaratılışı ve sonu ile
ilgili, tarihi, tabiatüstü şahıslar ve varlıklar üzerine ve dini olmak üzere sınıflandırılır.
Mitoloji tarih öncesine dayanan efsane olarak tanımlanır. Mitoloji teogonik
mitler, kozmogonik mitler, antropogonik mitler, eskatolojik mitler olarak
sınıflandırılır. Mitoloji, ilk insanın bilimi ve toplumların bilinçaltıdır. Bu
çalışmada, efsane ve mitoloji ilişkisi üzerine genel bir değerlendirme yapılmış
ve efsane mitoloji ilişkisi ortaya konmuştur.
TIRHALA SANCAĞI‟NDAN YUNANİSTAN‟A TERKEDİLEN OSMANLI MİRASI
Authors: ÇİFTÇİOĞLU Ferdi
Published: August 2018

Balkanlar beş asırdan
fazla bir süre Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde kalmıştır. Balkanların fethinin ilk
yıllarından itibaren Osmanlı burada sistemli bir iskân politikası yürütmüştür.
Fethettiği yerlere Anadolu’nun değişik bölgelerinden getirdiği Türk-Müslüman
halkı yerleştirmiştir. İlk fetihler sonucu gerçekleştirilen iskân politikasıyla
bölge, kısa sürede Türkleşmiş ve İslamlaşmıştır. Bölgede yaşanan demografik
değişiklikle beraber yoğun bir imar faaliyeti yürütülmüştür. Mevcut şehirler
yeni bir anlayışla imar ve ihya edilirken, yeni şehir ve yerleşim yerleri de
kurulmuştur. Türklerin bölgeye iskânı ile birlikte imar faaliyetleri başlamış
ve çok sayıda han, hamam, medrese, cami ve mescidin inşası
gerçekleştirilmiş, böylelikle Türk-İslam kültür ve medeniyeti bu topraklara
yerleşmeye başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devletinin Balkanlardaki fetih, iskân ve imarı
belirli plan çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. 1361 yılında Dimetoka’nın alınmasıyla
Osmanlı egemenliği Yunanistan’da kurulmaya başlanmıştır. XIV. yüzyılın
sonlarına doğru Dimetoka’nın fethine müteakip, Yunanistan’ın orta kısmı olan
Tesalya Bölgesi Osmanlı hâkimiyetine girmiştir. Burada idari birim olarak
Tırhala Sancağı kurulmuş ve sancak yaklaşık beş asır Osmanlı idari
taksimatındaki yerini korumuştur. 1881 yılında imzalanan İstanbul
Antlaşması’yla Yunanistan’a devredilen sancak, bünyesindeki birçok Osmanlı
mimari eser ve emlakını da Yunanistan’a terk etmiştir. Bu çalışma, vakıf
kayıtlarını esas alarak, sancaktan Yunanistan’a terk edilen Osmanlı mirasını
ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Tırhala Sancağı kazalarından
Yunanistan’a terk edilen vakıf ve onlara bağlı emlakın çeşidi ve sayısı
verilmiştir.
On the History of an Anecdote
Authors: Kostiukhin Evgenii , Bailey James , Leary James P.
Published: August 2018

This article explores the historical antecedents to the Russian anecdote which remarks on the reactions by various nationalities’ to finding a fly in their soup and considers the function of such anecdotes in their popular usage.
Ubuntu on Windows for computational biology v1
Authors: P B Lloyd James
Published: August 2018

With the Fall Creators update toWindows 10comes the ability for all to installUbuntuon your Windows 10 machine by simply downloading the app from the officialWindows App Store. Rather than using a tool likeCygwin, which replicates aUNIX(-like)experience with some of the same command line tools,Ubuntu on Windowsis the fullLinuxexperience. Unlike using Cygwin, you can install bioinformatics software likeSalmonorCufflinkswith ease. This protocol from Bad Grammar, Good Syntaxprovides a detailed method of how to install Ubuntu, setting up Python, and installing binaries of software for compbio.
Histopathological study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: Loganathan Malarvizhi , Krishnakumar Meera
Published: August 2018

Background: This study was undertaken to study the endometrial histology in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of palpable pelvic pathology, which helps in choosing the right modality of treatment in a particular age group with a specific histological change. The study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding was undertaken to correlate clinical presentations with histopathological studies and to correlate the distribution of histopathological findings in various age groups.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Govt. Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital during the period 01.07.2017 to 31.05.2018. Patients presenting to Govt. Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital with abnormal uterine bleeding form the material of this study. Cases have been selected by using purposive sampling technique.Results: An ovulatory cycles were more common than ovulatory cycles in all age group. However, in patients with menorrhagia and polymenorrhagia majority had secretory endometrium (ovulatory cycles).Conclusions: Majority of the patients were found in the reproduction age group with the maximum percentage in multiparous women. Menorrhagia was the commonest mode of presentation in all age group. Most of the patients with proliferative and secretory endometrium had normal sized uterus and normal looking endometrium.
CT guided lung biopsy complications: a single centre prospective study
Authors: Mir Mohd Farooq , Naik Muzafar Ahmed , Malik Javid Ahmed
Published: August 2018

Background: Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of lung is a routine procedure in patients with suspected malignant lung lesions which are either peripheral or not amenable to biopsy on fibreoptic bronchoscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted to obtain complication rates based on patient and physician experience after CT guided lung biopsy of central and peripheral lung lesions.Results: In our study 96 patients were included with 78 patients with peripheral and 18 patients having central lung lesions. The reported post procedural complication rates of CT guided lung biopsy were pulmonary haemorrhage 33.3 %, pneumothorax 21.9%, haemoptysis 15.6%, cough 6.3%, haemothorax 3.1% and fever 3.1%. Two patients required inter costal tube drainage. There was no reported mortality of CT guided lung biopsy in our centre.Conclusions: Pulmonary haemorrhage and pneumothorax are the most common complications of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung, the former one is common with central and the latter one with peripheral lung lesions.
Evaluation of result of skin-nipple sparing mastectomy in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Dijla Private Hospital
Authors: Al-Khazaali Sabah Noori Abdulraheem , Al-Shammari Rafea Jasim Hussein
Published: August 2018

Background: Skin-nipple sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction by silicone implantation has become increasingly popular as an effective treatment for patients with breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of skin-nipple sparing mastectomy.Methods: Records of twenty-seven patients with operable breast cancer who had skin-nipple sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction between June 2009 and June 2011 were reviewed. Patients and tumor characteristic, type of reconstruction, post-operative complication, aesthetics, results and incidence of recurrence analyzed.Results: Mean age of 37 patients, aged 25 to 48 years old. Regarding the clinical feature, the size of mass <3 cm in 70%, the site of mass in upper outer quadrant in 62%, no case of skin changes and/or nipple changes. There are two cases of all patients which fixed to underlying tissues about 63% of cases are grade II, stage II and 37% are grade I, stage I. The results of follow up of the procedures are: seroma developed in 14%, infection 3.5%, skin necrosis 7%, local recurrence was zero for follow up for more than one year, about 63% received chemotherapy.Conclusions: S.N.S.M. and immediate breast reconstruction with silicon implantation for selective case of CA breast is associated with low morbidity and low rate of local recurrence and good aesthetic result with patient satisfaction.
Biorezonance at the Surgical Clinic for Diagnostics and Treatment of the Surgical Wound Infection
Authors: Glushenkov Vladimir Alexeevich
Published: August 2018

In modern medicine a great variety of chemotherapeutic agents is used for treating the infection. However, in spite of their improvement, increasing the quality of providing medical aid, development of surgical technique, using new and more thorough technologies for the patients’ treatment, the incidence of purulent complications at surgical clinic doesn’t decrease. Moreover, there is a marked tendency of its increase.2% of all the initial laparotomies are accompanied by unplanned operations about intraabdominal infection, and approximately 50% of all serious intraabdominal infections appear during the postoperative period, which leads to 2% of lethal outcomes after planned operations.Needless to say, the problem of surgical infection is actually urgent for our country. Therefore, in our opinion, searching for methods of diagnostics, control and treatment of infection, which could be an alternative to antimicrobial chemotherapy, is very important.The physical method of treatment, based on using the patient’s own electromagnetic fields and emanations, which is also known as bioresonance therapy (BRT), gained wide application in modern medicine.BRT method is based on the ideas about the human body being a source of fluctuations of electric nature, which exist in the human body or on its surface and spread across the environment.The new method of wound surgical infection treatment is analyzed. Theoretical and practical aspects of using multiresonance therapy in surgeon’s work are discussed. The treatment of the patient with polyresistant infection associated with giving medical aid is analyzed in the article. The author draws a conclusion about the expediency of using bioresonance in complex treatment of wound surgical infection.
Modern Trends in Transplantation Using High‒Tech Methods
Authors: Chernykh Alexander Vasilievich , Maleev Yuri Valentinovich , Shevtsov Artem Nikolaevich , Volkov Alexey Vladimirovich , Sundeyev Artem Sergeevich , Malyukov Nikolai Andreevich
Published: August 2018

Provides an overview of modern domestic and foreign literature, discuss the main and most relevant approaches to the solution of the accumulated problems of transplantation in the 21st century, when, as never before, the acute problem of shortage of donor organs and rejection during transplantation. One of the variants of their solution is the decellularization of the donor organ with subsequent decellularization acellular matrix (ECM) stem cells (SC) of the recipient. Another area, which in recent years very actively developing is bioprinting (3D the same results for bioprinting). For the first time encountered with this innovation, the very essence of creation on the computer using 3D modeling seems to be a history of science fiction, but this is a real example of how well-developed modern medical science. The above options give you the opportunity to solve the main question of transplantation – rejection of the transplanted organ, for patients undergoing surgery, transplantation, forced life to take immunosuppressive drugs that make a person defenseless against infectious agents and opportunistic viral infection. The article presents the main stages already achieved; the philosophy and development prospects of regenerative medicine; the difficulty faced by scientists in the search for suitable options to prevent the development of immune responses, as well as the use of different materials. The decellularization and bioprinting allow you to create the autograft that solves the problem of immune rejection of the transplanted organ. Defined a detailed description of each of the presented directions of development and provides an objective assessment of their effectiveness and possibility of application at this point in time. Examples of the use of the considered techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Characteristics of Microbiocenosis of Wounds in Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections on the Background of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Plakhotnikova Anna Mikhailovna , Vinnik Yuri Semenovich , Teplyakova Olga Valerievna , Perianova Olga Vladimirovna , Potkina Nadezhda Konstantinovna
Published: August 2018

Relevance. Assessment of microbiocenosis of wounds in patients with infections of the skin and soft tissues is an integral part of the complex of diagnostic measures carried out for patients of this nosological group, which allows predicting the severity of the course of the purulent inflammatory process and monitoring the effectiveness of the selected method of systemic and local treatment.
Objective: To assess the microbiocenosis of wounds in patients with infections of the skin and soft tissues against the background of type II diabetes mellitus and the effectiveness of using a local, directed flow of the ozone-oxygen gas mixture.
Materials and methods. A qualitative and quantitative assessment was made, an analysis of the antibiotic resistance of the microbial composition of wound biopsies in 90 patients in three clinical groups. The first group consisted of patients with background type II diabetes mellitus who underwent local wound sanation with an ozone-oxygen gas mixture as the local treatment, the second and third groups consisted of patients receiving basal therapy as a topical treatment. However, in the second group, type II diabetes mellitus was registered in patients, while in the third group there were patients without it.
Results and discussion. Based on the results of the microbiocenosis assessment, it was found that in patients with background type II diabetes mellitus, in addition to representatives of staphylo-, strepto-, enterococci and enterobacteria, nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria were significantly more often from the biopsy specimens of the wounds, which were represented by acinotobacteria. Significantly higher in the first two groups methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci were verified. Along with the difference in the qualitative composition of the pathogens in the study groups at the time of admission, pathogens of the purulent-inflammatory process in patients with background diabetes mellitus type II showed a high primary antibiotic resistance to the main classes of antimicrobial agents.
Also, in the patients of the first group, a significantly lower incidence of secondary surgical interventions resulted from the persistence and superinfection of wounds from the data of the dynamic microbiological evaluation of the causative agents.
Key words: skin and soft tissue infections, type II diabetes, purulent wounds, ozone, local treatment of wounds.
Efficacy and Safety of New Oral Anticoagulants in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism after Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Sukovatykh Boris Semenovich , Sukovatykh Mikhail Borisovich , Perkov Sergey Olegovich
Published: August 2018

Relevance. Despite of a specific prophylaxis, the thromboembolic complications occur in 20-25% of patients after orthopedic surgeries. In those who do not receive the prophylaxis the complications rate is even higher taking up to 45-70% thereby putting the complications into second place after infection complications.
Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of dabigatran etaxilate and rivaroxaban in prophylaxis and treatment of the venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty.
Materials and methods. An analysis of prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in 104 patients who had had hip and knee arthroplasty has been accomplished. All patients were randomized into two groups. 51 patients were enrolled into the first (control) group where 220 mg per day dabigatran etexilat therapy was used. The second (investigated) group included 53 patients who received 10 mg per day rivaroxabane therapy. A year after surgery the quality of life of patients was assessed using CIVIQ-20 and SF-36 questioners.
Results and their discussion. Venous thromboembolic complications had occurred in 18 (17,3%) of patients equally in the first and second group. Isolated common femoral vein thrombosis was found in 8 (7,7%), and in 3 (2,9%) patients it was associated with pulmonary embolism. Popliteal and tibial vein thrombosis was detected in 7 (6,7%) patients. Internal bleeding complications were found in 9 (8,6%) patients with venous thrombosis. The complications were more common in a second group (higher by 1,7%). In 7 (6,7%) cases the complications had no clinical significance. Only in 2 (1,9%) patients (one case in each group) were documented severe hemorrhages, that needed hemostatic therapy. A year after surgery the quality of life of patients was assessed using specifically oriented CIVIQ-20 and SF-36 international questioners for chronic venous insufficiency. The evidence based differences between two groups were not discovered.
Conclusion. Dabigatran etexilate as well as rivaroxaban can be used for prophylaxis of the venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgeries.
Morphological Features of Wound Regeneration in the Local Application of Recombinant Interferon Α2b in the Experiment
Authors: Zhmailik Ruslan , Bogdan Vasiliy , Korneva Yulia , Dorosevich Alexandr
Published: August 2018

Summery. Introduction. The research devoted to the study of pathogenetic, immunological, and biophysical aspects of the tissue regeneration process with wound defects of various etiologies is gaining in popularity in the "world" of medical science, at present this problem remains topical [1, 2, 6, 8, 9]

Purpose of the study. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of morphological manifestations of tissue regeneration occurring when recombinant interferon α2b, is used in the healing of an acute experimental wound is carried out.

Materials and methods. Depending on the nature of the wound treatment, the experimental animals were divided into two groups: 1) a comparison group in which the edges of the wound were struck with a 0.9% NaCl solution; 2) the main group, where a similar edge of the wound defect was cut off with recombinant interferon α2b at a dose of 1000 ME / 1ml diluted with 0.9% NaCl solution. The rats were removed from the experiment on the 4th, 8th and 20th day of the study, while a full-thickness skin flap was taken in the area of the scar (defect), which was examined by light microscopy. At the same time, the intensity of formation of the granulation tissue, its "maturation", and also in the margins and on the bottom of the wound was estimated in the absolute values, the cellular populations realizing the process of inflammation were determined.

As a result of the study, the character of the complex effect of recombinant interferon α2b was established, which included reduction of the negative effect of secondary alteration, differentiation of the intravascular immune response, formation of conditions for natural regeneration with activation of angiogenesis and synthesis of a valuable scar, decrease in propensity to keloidosis.

Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the morphological validity of the use of recombinant leukocyte interferon α2β as a stimulant of the inflammation phase, as against the background of the use of this substance, its ability to enhance phagocytosis was noted.
BARNARD Christian NetLink (to the 95th of birthday and 50th anniversary of the first in the world successful heart transplant)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

Barnard (Barnard) Christian Nettling South African surgeon, performed the first successful heart transplant man, he was born in 1922 in Beaufort West in South Africa. In 1940 he graduated from school in 1946, the medical faculty of the University of Cape town. In 1953 he received the degree of doctor of medicine at the medical school of the University of Cape town. In 1956, he studied cardiac surgery in the US, where in 1958 he received the degree of doctor of medicine. After returning to South Africa K. Barnard was appointed cardiothoracic surgeon, and soon the head of surgical research, Department of cardiothoracic surgery at the clinic of the University of Cape town. In the October 1959 Christian Bernard is the first in Africa performed a successful kidney transplant. In 1962 he held the post of assistant Professor in the Department of surgery of the University of Cape town. December 3, 1967 K. Barnard and his colleagues have performed the first successful orthotopic transplantation of the human heart. In 1972 he was appointed Professor of surgical Sciences at the University of Cape town. In 1974 K. Barnard produced the world's first heterotopic heart transplant man. In 1981 he developed the patronage system of the heart by conducting hypothermic perfusion. In 1983, K. Barnard, resigned. He is the author of the autobiographical book "One life" (1970), published in co-authorship with Z. Stander anti-racist novel "Undesirable elements" (1974). Christian Barnard died on 2 September 2001, Paphos, Cyprus.
BULYNIN Viktor Ivanovich (to the 85-anniversary from birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

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Modern approaches to the technical aspects of split-skin grafting
Authors: Beschastnov Vladimir Viktorovich , Pavlenko Ilya Viktorovich , Bagryantsev Maksim Vladimirovich , Kichin Vladimir Vladimirovich , Peretyagin Peter Vladimirovich , Orishchenko Artem Vladislavovich , Ryabkov Maksim Georgievich
Published: August 2018

Split-skin grafting takes the leading place when closing extensive soft tissue defects. Such defects can be the result of both an acute process (pyoinflammatory soft tissue diseases, surgical interventions) and chronic disorders in the skin and underlying tissues (trophic ulcers of venous and arterial genesis, fistulas, decubitus, complications of the diabetic foot syndrome).
The main criterion for assessing the result of split-skin grafting is the percentage of engraftment of the skin graft. There are several classifications that characterize the degree of closure of the recipient wound (Petrova VI, Rysmana BV, Gostishcheva VK). According to most authors, the successful outcome of split-skin grafting depends on several groups of factors. Systemic factors include the content of the total blood protein, hemoglobin, which should not be below acceptable standards. To the local - the readiness of the recipient wound to skin plasty. Microcirculation in the recipient bed plays an important role. The opinions of the researchers about the bacterial contamination of the wound and its effect on the processes of engrafting the flap are opposite. Some believe that a good engraftment of an autodermotransplant is possible even in the presence of a wounded pathogenic microflora in the wound. In modern works the negative influence of microorganisms on the results of split-skin grafting has been proved. Moreover, the upper limit of bacterial contamination of wounds is determined, the excess of which inevitably leads to unsatisfactory results of the transplantation of the skin.
The method of postoperative donor wound management is a separate issue in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The review examines the criteria for the readiness of a wound for split-skin grafting, various types of preparation of the wound bed for plastic closure, surgical techniques for performing split-skin grafting, and options for closing the donor wound.
Modern possibilities of reconstructive plastic surgery of breast cancer
Authors: Ivanov Yury Viktorovich , Sharobaro Valentin Ilyich , Panchenkov Dmitry Nikolaevich , Khabarov Yuri Alekseevich , Astakhov Dmitry Anatolievich
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
The surgical stage of treatment remains the main one in the complex therapy of breast cancer. The review of modern reconstructive plastic surgery, performed by single-step and delayed after radical mastectomy. Against the background of a huge number of existing methods of breast reconstruction, three main types have become the most popular among surgeons to date: the use of own tissues, silicone endoprostheses and their combination. The final choice of the option of breast reconstruction depends on the volume of cancer surgery, plastic tissue, somatic condition of the patient and her desire. Reconstructive plastic surgery for breast cancer does not affect the course of the disease and are not an obstacle to chemotherapy.
Examination of Product Recalls In Terms of Attribution Theory in the Marketing Context: A Qualitative MetaAnalysis
Authors: Yakut Enis
Published: August 2018

The
product recalls have become a common practice for many firms in various
industries since the number of defective and dangerous products are increasing.
Even though this action –product recall – should aim to assure the well-being
of consumers, it also creates opportunities to restore the damaged reputation
of the corporation; by influencing the perceptions and expectations of the
stakeholders. Understanding attribution theory and its applications may help
scholars and marketers to choose the appropriate post crisis response
strategies, to adjust messages and press releases, in order to shape the
consumer attributions, which as a result may create opportunities to minimize
the possible damage. The aim of this meta-analysis is to review the current
global and Turkish literature in the light of attribution theory from the
marketing context and propose a model. Results of this study show that there
are number of factors that affect the consumer reactions to the product recalls.
Those reactions appear as decrease in purchase intentions or purchases, loss of
reputation, decreased firm value, and damage to the brand equity.
İÇSEL BÜYÜME /TEKNOLOJİ YOĞUN BÜYÜME MODELLERİ KAPSAMINDA TÜRKİYE’DE TEKNOLOJİ GELİŞTİRME BÖLGELERİNE YÖNELİK VERGİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Koç Özgür Emre
Published: August 2018

Teknolojik
gelişmelerin hız kazanması, araştırma geliştirme (Ar-Ge ) faaliyetlerini gerek
firmalar ve gerekse de ülke ekonomileri açısından oldukça önemli bir hale
getirmiştir. Ar-Ge yatırımları ile ekonomik büyüme arasında olumlu bir
ilişkinin varlığı bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, Ar-Ge yatırımları hem kamu kesimi
hem de özel kesim tarafından desteklenen bir faaliyet alanı haline gelmiştir.
Teknoparklar ise, teknolojinin gelişiminde oldukça önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Teknoparklar,
üniversiteler, teknoloji enstitüleri gibi akademik kuruluşlarca desteklenen bir
yapılanmayı ifade etmektedir. Teknoparklar, yeni üretim teknolojilerinin
gelişmesinde ve dolayısıyla da üretim düzeyinin artmasında oldukça önemlidir.
Bu nedenle, kamu kesimi tarafından vergisel teşvik yoluyla desteklenmektedir.
Genetics polymorphism of poplars from Moscow region based on high-throughput sequencing of ITS
Authors: Borkhert E. V. , Krasnov G. S. , Bolsheva N. L. , Kezimana Р. , Yurkevich O. Yu. , Muravenko O. V. , Kudryavtseva A. V. , Melnikova N. V.
Published: August 2018

Poplars are widely used in landscaping of Moscow due to the ability to effectively purify the air from harmful impurities and to release a large amount of oxygen. The genusPopulusis characterized by a high level of intraspecies polymorphism, as well as the presence of natural interspecies hybrids. The aim of our work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of poplars, which are growing on the territory of Moscow city by high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacers of 45S rRNA genes (ITS sequences). Sequencing of ITS of 40 poplar plants was performed on Illumina platform (MiSeq) and about 3 000 reads were obtained for each sample in average. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using CLC Genomics Workbench tool. The involved set of poplars had a high level of genetic diversity – the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in each genotype relative to the reference ITS1 and ITS2 sequences ofP. trichocarpavarying from 4 to 44. We showed that even trees which had been planted on the same territory and, probably, at the same time had significant genetic differences. It can be speculated that highly polymorphic plant material was used for planting poplars in Moscow. For some sites with SNPs, several variants of nucleotides were found in the same individual and the ratio of SNPs was different. We assume that close to 50/50 ratio is observed in interspecific hybrids due to genetic differences in the ITS sequences between maternal and paternal genotypes. For SNPs with a predominance of one of the variants, the presence of paralogues among numerous genomic copies of ITS sequences is more likely. The results of our work can provide a framework for molecular genetic markers application with the purpose ofPopulusspecies and interspecific hybrids identification, determination the origin of a number of natural hybrids, and monitoring the diversity of genusPopulusin the Moscow city.
Regulation of histone H4 acetylation in the CNS and defensive behavior command neurons of the mollusk Helix mediated by serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide
Authors: Grinkevich L. N. , Zachepilo T. G.
Published: August 2018

Epigenetic mechanisms are commonly known to underlie memory formation. Presently, scientists’ attention is focused on changes in the levels of histone modifications (mainly acetylation and methylation) in the chromatin of CNS cells tested in various experimental models. Owing to their relatively simple CNSs, mollusks are among the most popular models. Our experiments were con-ducted with the molluskHelix lucorumbecause its CNS had been investigated in detail and most of its neurons had been proven to participate in the formation of different behavior patterns, including the prolonged response to various stimuli. This work concerns the influence of various effectors (serotonin and FMRFamide, associated with CNS activator and inhibitory pathways, respectively) on the acetylation of H4 histone in the subesopha­geal ganglion complex and in defensive behavior command neurons of the right and left parietal ganglia (RPa3/2 and LPa3/2) in the snail. Western blot analysis showed that FMRFamide inhibited histone H4 acetylation induced by serotonin in the subesophageal complex of CNS ganglia. How­ever, serotonin and FMRFamide cooperatively enhanced the induction of histone H4 acetylation in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons. No changes were found in the counterpart LPa3/2. It is a new piece of evidence for functional asym­metry inHelix. The inhibitory pathways mediated by FMRFamide not only inhibit the activatory in­tracellular processes in the entire CNS but can also enhance them, as in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons.
Whole exome analysis of primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Rahmani E. S. , Azarpara Н. , Karimipoor M. , Rahimi Н.
Published: August 2018

The human primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) refer to a rare heterogeneous group of single-gene inherited disorders causing malfunctions in the immune system, and thus the affected patients have a predisposition to severe life-threatening infections. The heterogeneous nature of PIDs, which involves at list 300 different genes, makes diagnosis of the disease a complex issue. Although studies revealed that six million people have a kind of PID, but due to a complex diagnosis procedure many affected individuals have not gotten a correct diagnosis. However, thanks to advancing in the DNA sequencing method and availability of sophisticated sequencers molecular characterization of genetic disorders have been revolutionized. The whole exome sequencing (WES) method can help clinicians detect Mendelian disease and other complex genetic disorders. The presented study used WES to investigate two infants with symptoms of primary immunodeficiency including hemophagocytic lymphohistio­cytosis (HLH) and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It has been shown that the HLH patient had a mutation in the UNC13D gene (NM_199242.2:c.627delT), and the SCID patient had a mutation in the RAG1 gene (NM_000448.2:c.322C>G). It has been demonstrated that WES is a fast and cost-effective method facilitating genetic diagnosis in PID sufferers.
Kewenangan dan Tanggung Jawab Notaris Pengganti setelah Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Jabatan Berakhir
Authors: Erwinsyahbana Tengku , Melinda Melinda
Published: August 2018

Abstract

As an honorable position and profession, the notary replacement also has obligations that must be implemented, either based on laws and regulations that specifically regulate notary public (UUJN), or other laws and regulations. The authority of a notary substitute shall be the same as that of a notary public, comprising of general authority, special powers, and powers that shall be determined later in accordance with the laws and regulations. The replacement notary's legal liability includes civil liability, criminal responsibility, UUJN-based responsibilities, and responsibility for performing his / her duties under the Notary's Code of Conduct. However, the limitation of the length of time the substitute notary's responsibility to the deeds he made, has not been explicitly regulated in the UUJN.

Keywords: Deed, Authority, Notary Substitute, Responsibility