bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documentation et information en milieu scolaire
Authors: Fink Norman
Published: February 2019

L’auteur présente un essai d’explication des faits qui ont influencé le développement des bibliothèques scolaires du Québec depuis les quinze dernières années. Suite à ce bilan succinct, il propose de repenser les structures actuelles, le rôle et les tâches du bibliothécaire scolaire selon un plan d’ensemble québécois axé sur la réévaluation des besoins et l’environnement global des usagers.
L’élagage : une fonction de la bibliothèque encore à inventer
Authors: Tremblay Clément
Published: February 2019

La chaîne documentaire n’est vraiment complète qu’au moment où elle fait une place importante à l’élagage. Cependant, tout porte à croire que l’élagage demeure l’aspect négligé de nos bibliothèques d’enseignement et de recherche malgré une pression de plus en plus forte d’une documentation en croissance continuelle. Il devient alors urgent de développer une véritable fonction d’élagage qui tienne compte aussi bien des difficultés rencontrées jusqu’à maintenant dans son instauration que des possibilités de coopération offertes par les bibliothèques dites de conservation.
Documentation et bibliothèques a interrogé ses lecteurs
Authors: Rousseau Denis
Published: February 2019

À l’automne 1975, la Rédaction de Documentation et bibliothèques effectuait un sondage auprès des lecteurs de la revue afin, entre autres, de mieux connaître ces derniers, d’évaluer leur degré de satisfaction et d’obtenir des suggestions d’amélioration. Il s’avère que les lecteurs sont généralement satisfaits de la revue dans sa forme et son contenu actuel avec, toutefois, un désir assez clairement exprimé d’articles plus pratiques. Les deux chroniques (« Bibliothèques et lectures pour jeunes » et « Chronique de la recherche ») ne suscitent pas l’intérêt escompté. Par contre, la section des comptes rendus est particulièrement bien appréciée.
La télédocumentation, ou toute la mémoire du monde à domicile
Authors: Brunel Louis
Published: February 2019

L’ère scientifique dans laquelle nous vivons engendre une explosion documentaire qui crée un besoin croissant de systèmes pour faciliter le repérage de l’information et la rendre accessible. La technologie, grâce à son développement accéléré, pourra sans doute, par la création de banques de données et de réseaux d’échanges décentralisés, accélérer l’avènement de la télédocumentation et aider à solutionner les problèmes documentaires.
Vers une philosophie de la bibliothéconomie
Authors: Caron Gilles
Published: February 2019

Après avoir tracé l’historique de la profession de bibliothécaire, l’auteur propose une nouvelle identification du bibliothécaire axée sur l’objet même de la bibliothéconomie, c’est-à-dire l’information enregistrée, et préconise une révision des structures et des comportements individuels dans le sens d’un professionnalisme mieux perçu des individus qui y oeuvrent.
Relations de travail et développement professionnel
Authors: Durand Marielle
Published: February 2019

Cet article émet quelques considérations sur le thème du prochain congrès de l’ASTED qui aura lieu au mois d’octobre 1975 : « Relations de travail et développement professionnel ». Divers aspects sont ici traités : relations de travail, co-gestion, participation, relations interpersonnelles, relations d’aide, développement professionnel, motivation au travail, rehaussement des tâches, impact des changements technologiques sur le personnel, etc. Ce texte veut être un point de départ pour alimenter la réflexion des participants et une ligne de pensée préparatoire au prochain congrès de l’ASTED.
Mémoire à la Commission parlementaire de la Justice de l’Assemblée nationale du Québec
Authors: Bernier Gaston
Published: February 2019

Le mémoire présenté par le comité mixte ASTED/CBPQ/ABQ-QLA à la Commission parlementaire de la Justice de l’Assemblée nationale dans le cadre de la discussion du projet de loi sur les droits et les libertés de la personne comprend deux recommandations principales : d’abord que le droit à l’information soit incorporé aux libertés fondamentales comme garantie de l’exercice des autres libertés, puis que la documentation gouvernementale (documents administratifs, rapports d’enquête, arrêtés en conseil) soit considérée comme publique.
Bibliotechnique : techniques de la documentation ?
Authors: Ouimet Manon
Published: February 2019

Le recul du temps permet maintenant de juger le programme 390.00 Bibliotechnique et de le remplacer par celui de Techniques de la documentation. Après l’historique du programme de bibliotechnique et du rapport Reichen, l’auteur présente le nouveau programme et souligne ses points forts (l’élargissement de son optique, l’accentuation de l’aspect technique) et ses points faibles (la diminution des stages et la quasi-disparition des cours complémentaires). Ce programme entrera en vigueur à la session d’automne de 1975.
Bibliothèques et archives du Tiers-Monde : problèmes et perspectives
Authors: de Chantal Jean
Published: February 2019

L’implantation et le développement des bibliothèques dans le Tiers-Monde connaissent plusieurs problèmes. La formation du personnel professionnel sur place n’est pas réellement possible étant donné le manque d’écoles de bibliothéconomie, ce qui favorise l’émigration de ces spécialistes. Le petit nombre de bibliothèques nationales et leur évolution embryonnaire rend difficile la création de bibliographies nationales qui sont de première nécessité avant que ne disparaisse une partie du patrimoine intellectuel. La nécessité d’organiser de véritables archives ne s’est pas encore fait suffisamment ressentir. En participant à un système international d’information, le Tiers-Monde pourrait ainsi maximiser ses ressources encore insuffisantes.
L’automatisation de la bibliographie nationale du Canada : Canadiana
Authors: Forget Louis J.S.
Published: February 2019

Cet article nous informe de l’état des travaux d’automatisation de la bibliographie nationale du Canada dans le contexte du développement d’un Système unifié d’information à la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. On y décrit de façon générale la planification, le développement et le fonctionnement du système automatisé pour la production de Canadiana. L’objectif du système est la création d’une base de données (data base) constituée de notices bibliographiques principales comprenant tous les éléments requis pour assurer la préparation de produits bibliographiques répondant aux besoins de la Bibliothèque nationale et de sa clientèle.
Les bibliothèques universitaires canadiennes, dix ans après...
Authors: Reicher Daniel
Published: February 2019

En décembre 1964, C.A.C.U.L. recommandait à la Commission Bladen que le budget de la bibliothèque universitaire représente dix pour cent du budget de fonctionnement de l’université. Dix ans après, on peut constater que cette recommandation est restée lettre morte tant au Canada qu’au Québec.
Analyse opérationnelle dans les bibliothèques de l’université de Sherbrooke
Authors: Michaud Trefflé
Published: February 2019

L’opération « Analyse opérationnelle » représente une partie seulement d’une entreprise plus vaste dénommée « Analyse des systèmes », travail qui comprend également ce qu’on appelle l’« Analyse budgétaire ». Commencée il y a trois ans (septembre 1971) dans les bibliothèques de l’université de Sherbrooke, l’analyse opérationnelle, malgré de nombreuses complications de toute nature, permet désormais des économies annuelles et répétitives d’environ $420,000 (à peu près un tiers de la masse salariale). Il est nécessaire maintenant de compléter la formation du personnel de cadre pour maintenir, et améliorer si possible, les gains et les résultats obtenus.
Services documentaires et sciences de l’information
Authors: Courrier Yves
Published: February 2019

Le but de cet article est d’étudier les rapports entre la bibliothéconomie, la documentation et les sciences de l’information. L’auteur expose d’abord l’impact de certaines techniques modernes sur la bibliothéconomie, en particulier la reprographie et l’informatique. Puis un parallèle est fait entre la bibliothéconomie et la documentation où l’on y souligne les points communs. Enfin, les sciences de l’information sont étudiées de façon interdisciplinaire, en abordant le concept d’information dans différentes sciences exactes et humaines.
Le projet CIDBEQ ou les bibliothèques à l’ère de l’automatisation
Authors: Léveillé Jean-M. Bernard
Published: February 2019

L’explosion des ressources documentaires, alliée à l’accroissement des coûts de la documentation et de son traitement, nécessitent le recours à l’informatique. Le projet CIDBEQ, proposé par le Service général des moyens d’enseignement, fut approuvé en mai 1973, dans le but de doter les bibliothèques d’enseignement du Québec d’un centre d’informatique documentaire. La première phase du projet CIDBEQ (constitution de l’équipe de travail, études préliminaires, etc.) est terminée, et un premier rapport contenant des recommandations précises sera remis sous peu.
Le projet conjoint de télécatalogage en coopération des universités du Québec et de l’Ontario (TELECAT — COOP)
Authors: de Varennes Rosario
Published: February 2019

En 1968 en Ontario et en 1970 au Québec naissaient différents projets visant à établir une meilleure coordination des services et des ressources des bibliothèques universitaires. Un de ces projets, conçu en mai 1973, vise à la concrétisation d’une formule de télécatalogage en coopération entre les universités du Québec et de l’Ontario. Après avoir décrit le contexte historique qui a entraîné l’élaboration de ce projet, l’auteur en fait une description succincte (détails techniques d’opération, problèmes de bilinguisme, etc.). L’échéancier a été respecté puisque la deuxième étape devant conduire à l’installation des périphériques et à leur utilisation réelle sera, tel que prévu, complétée sous peu. Cette concertation des efforts devrait entraîner, à long terme, une amélioration considérable au plan de la qualité des services.
Création d’une nouvelle formule de répertoire analytique, au Service d’analyse et d’indexation de la bibliothèque à l’Université Laval
Authors: Blais Raymond
Published: February 2019

Inspirée d’une critique de la formule antérieure qui était appliquée à de nombreux index produits au Centre de documentation de la Bibliothèque à l’Université Laval (ex : Index analytique), répondant à quatre critères : plus grand nombre d’entrées, réduction maximale des renvois, analyse plus approfondie des textes, réduction maximale des coûts, fondés sur trois concepts de base en science de l’information (pertinence, précision et rappel) et confirmée par une étude d’index, une nouvelle structure de répertoire a été élaborée au Service d’analyse et d’indexation. Pour générer automatiquement le nouveau répertoire, on créa la programmerie CARA. Les services rendus : en l’occurence, la production de RADAR, Répertoire analytique d’articles de revues du Québec, Volume 1. 1972-1973.
Le Rapport Faure et l’idée de changement
Authors: Lajeunesse Marcel
Published: February 2019

Le Rapport de la Commission internationale sur le développement en éducation (UNESCO) est une réflexion critique sur l’évolution de l’éducation dans le monde. À la suite d’un constat sévère de la situation présente, il recommande l’élaboration d’une nouvelle stratégie de développement de l’éducation, pensée en fonction des possibilités présentes et des exigences de l’avenir. Aux valeurs passées, il faut en substituer de nouvelles qui correspondent à la vie réelle, faite de progrès technique et de changement. L’école pourra de moins en moins assumer seule les fonctions éducatives de la société. Il faudra intégrer et exploiter les richesses culturelles nationales.
Pour un engagement socio-politique des bibliothécaires québécois
Authors: Cartier Georges
Published: February 2019

Face aux problèmes d’ordre socio-politique, le niveau de tolérance des bibliothécaires québécois est élevé. Quelles en sont les causes déterminantes : comportement de colonisé, intégration au milieu social insuffisante, éthique professionnelle, sauvegarde d’intérêts financiers, droit d’expression limité, préoccupations internationales plutôt que nationales ? Pourquoi les bibliothécaires devraient-ils s’engager ? Collectivement! Pourquoi au québec plus qu’ailleurs ? Que peut y gagner la profession ?

Autant de questions que pose cet article et auxquelles chacun est libre d’apporter sa propre réponse, même si l’auteur y invite les membres de la profession à une engagement socio-politique collectif, à l’intérieur des cadres de leur association nationale.
La formation du bibliothécaire pour le milieu québécois
Authors: Reicher Daniel
Published: February 2019

La saturation du marché du travail bibliothéconomique exige des changements dans l’attitude des employeurs, des candidats et des écoles.

Il faut noter la nécessité :
Re : animation un ana chronique des bibliothèques
Authors: Sansfaçon Jacques
Published: February 2019

Après avoir redéfini le concept d’animation et de bibliothèque, l’auteur souligne la nécessité, pour le bibliothécaire, de s’intégrer au milieu.
Le programme de bibliotechnique au Collège Algonquin
Authors: LeBlanc Jacques
Published: February 2019

La tendance de plus en plus accusée, chez les bibliotechniciens, à affirmer leur identité – illustrée par exemple lors de débats au dernier Congrès de l’ACBLF – de même qu’un léger malaise prévalant dans certains milieux scolaires au sujet de leurs rapports de travail avec, d’une part, les bibliothécaires, de l’autre, les commis, représentent des « signes des temps » qu’aucun membre de notre profession ne peut se permettre d’ignorer. C’est dans cette perspective – élargir les horizons, faire pénétrer au coeur d’un cadre pour plusieurs largement périphérique – que le présent article se veut conçu, en présentant le plus objectivement possible ce qui existe, dans l’Ontario francophone, relativement au secteur des études de la bibliotechnique. Précisons que l’attention exclusive consacrée ici au Collège Algonquin relève du simple fait qu’il constitue la seule institution ontarienne à dispenser, dans ce domaine, un enseignement en français.
Les tâches du bibliotechnicien
Authors: Lachance Lise , Dubois Florian
Published: February 2019

Pour chacun des services d’une bibliothèque, les auteurs établissent les différentes tâches pouvant être effectuées par le bibliotechnicien.
EU cultural action in the Southern Neighbourhood Policy: the development of a national cultural strategy in Jordan
Authors: Bouquerel Fanny
Published: February 2019

Med Culture (2014–2019), the European Union (EU) regional program dedicated to culture in Southern Mediterranean countries, aims at "supporting culture as a vector of democratization and development," and encouraging reforms in cultural policies. Responding to the desire of Jordan’s Ministry of Culture to develop a national cultural strategy, the Med Culture Technical Assistance Unit suggested implementing a process that included a series of consultations that would bring together authorities and independent cultural players. Through a thick description of the process and an approach that focuses on the sociology of the actors, this paper aims to identify the social effects of this European program on relations between the different stakeholders involved.
Traffic Paradox Under Different Equilibrium Conditions Considering Elastic Demand
Authors: Tu Qiang , Cheng Lin , Li Dawei , Ma Jie , Sun Chao
Published: February 2019

Traffic paradox is an important phenomenon which needs attention in transportation network design and traffic management. Previous studies on traffic paradox always examined user equilibrium (UE) or stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) conditions with a fixed traffic demand (FD) and set the travel costs of links as constants under the SUE condition. However, traffic demand is elastic, especially when there are new links added to the network that may induce new traffic demand, and the travel costs of links actually depend on the traffic flows on them. This paper comprehensively investigates the traffic paradox under different equilibrium conditions including the user equilibrium and the stochastic user equilibrium with a fixed and elastic traffic demand. Origin-destination (OD) mean unit travel cost (MUTC) has been chosen as the main index to characterize whether the traffic paradox occurs. The impacts of travelers’ perception errors and travel cost sensitivity on the occurrence of the traffic paradox are also analyzed. The conclusions show that the occurrence of the traffic paradox depends on the traffic demand and equilibrium conditions; higher perception errors of travelers may lead to a better network performance, and a higher travel cost sensitivity will create a reversed traffic paradox. Finally, several appropriate traffic management measures are proposed to avoid the traffic paradox and improve the network performance.
The molecular basis for an allosteric inhibition of K+-flux gating in K2P channels
Authors: Rinné Susanne , Kiper Aytug K , Vowinkel Kirsty S , Ramírez David , Schewe Marcus , Bedoya Mauricio , Aser Diana , Gensler Isabella , Netter Michael F , Stansfeld Phillip J , Baukrowitz Thomas , Gonzalez Wendy , Decher Niels
Published: February 2019

Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels are key regulators of many physiological and pathophysiological processes and thus emerged as promising drug targets. As for other potassium channels, there is a lack of selective blockers, since drugs preferentially bind to a conserved binding site located in the central cavity. Thus, there is a high medical need to identify novel drug-binding sites outside the conserved lipophilic central cavity and to identify new allosteric mechanisms of channel inhibition. Here, we identified a novel binding site and allosteric inhibition mechanism, disrupting the recently proposed K+-flux gating mechanism of K2P channels, which results in an unusual voltage-dependent block of leak channels belonging to the TASK subfamily. The new binding site and allosteric mechanism of inhibition provide structural and mechanistic insights into the gating of TASK channels and the basis for the drug design of a new class of potent blockers targeting specific types of K2P channels.
Bumblebee visual allometry results in locally improved resolution and globally improved sensitivity
Authors: Taylor Gavin J , Tichit Pierre , Schmidt Marie D , Bodey Andrew J , Rau Christoph , Baird Emily
Published: February 2019

The quality of visual information that is available to an animal is limited by the size of its eyes. Differences in eye size can be observed even between closely related individuals, yet we understand little about how this affects vision. Insects are good models for exploring the effects of size on visual systems because many insect species exhibit size polymorphism. Previous work has been limited by difficulties in determining the 3D structure of eyes. We have developed a novel method based on x-ray microtomography to measure the 3D structure of insect eyes and to calculate predictions of their visual capabilities. We used our method to investigate visual allometry in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris and found that size affects specific aspects of vision, including binocular overlap, optical sensitivity, and dorsofrontal visual resolution. This reveals that differential scaling between eye areas provides flexibility that improves the visual capabilities of larger bumblebees.
Kinesin-6 regulates cell-size-dependent spindle elongation velocity to keep mitosis duration constant in fission yeast
Authors: Krüger Lara Katharina , Sanchez Jérémie-Luc , Paoletti Anne , Tran Phong Thanh
Published: February 2019

The length of the mitotic spindle scales with cell size in a wide range of organisms during embryonic development. Interestingly, in C. elegans embryos, this goes along with temporal regulation: larger cells speed up spindle assembly and elongation. We demonstrate that, similarly in fission yeast, spindle length and spindle dynamics adjust to cell size, which allows to keep mitosis duration constant. Since prolongation of mitosis was shown to affect cell viability, this may resemble a mechanism to regulate mitosis duration. We further reveal how the velocity of spindle elongation is regulated: coupled to cell size, the amount of kinesin-6 Klp9 molecules increases, resulting in an acceleration of spindle elongation in anaphase B. In addition, the number of Klp9 binding sites to microtubules increases overproportionally to Klp9 molecules, suggesting that molecular crowding inversely correlates to cell size and might have an impact on spindle elongation velocity control.
Long-term balancing selection drives evolution of immunity genes in Capsella
Authors: Koenig Daniel , Hagmann Jörg , Li Rachel , Bemm Felix , Slotte Tanja , Neuffer Barbara , Wright Stephen I , Weigel Detlef
Published: February 2019

Genetic drift is expected to remove polymorphism from populations over long periods of time, with the rate of polymorphism loss being accelerated when species experience strong reductions in population size. Adaptive forces that maintain genetic variation in populations, or balancing selection, might counteract this process. To understand the extent to which natural selection can drive the retention of genetic diversity, we document genomic variability after two parallel species-wide bottlenecks in the genus Capsella. We find that ancestral variation preferentially persists at immunity related loci, and that the same collection of alleles has been maintained in different lineages that have been separated for several million years. By reconstructing the evolution of the disease-related locus MLO2b, we find that divergence between ancient haplotypes can be obscured by referenced based re-sequencing methods, and that trans-specific alleles can encode substantially diverged protein sequences. Our data point to long-term balancing selection as an important factor shaping the genetics of immune systems in plants and as the predominant driver of genomic variability after a population bottleneck.
Training for a Profession: Transition from Course to Workplace
Authors: Duch Henriette
Published: February 2019

A teacher training program is mandatory for vocational teachers, but vocational colleges decide how to support a transition from the course to workplace. Before 2010, the transition process was regulated by a ministerial order, but now the market has created variation in the training. The case presented here is four vocational colleges where teachers attend a teacher training course. The study is based on the documentary analyses, focus group interviews and observations. Using Evetts’ concept of professionalism, the analyses show different logics at vocational colleges. Managers implement the course at vocational colleges by choosing different strategies for organizational professionalism. However, the teachers construct other learning trajectories by moving between classroom teaching and teamwork, which in the article is perceived as part of occupational professionalism. These coinciding logics might influence the transition from course to workplace.
Performance Assessment Systems and the Transformation of the Academic Profession in Portugal
Authors: Stoleroff Alan David , Vicente Mara Alexandra
Published: February 2019

The introduction of a performance assessment model based upon the measurement of merit through explicit, standardized, and objective criteria of productivity has provoked significant changes in the academic profession within the public higher education in Portugal. Given that employment security was made contingent upon obtaining adequate positive scores and promotion upon achieving maximum scores, a new institutional culture framed by precariousness and competition seems to have emerged. Moreover, as a consequence of austerity and with it the freezing of the pay awards associated with a promotion, the positive effects of excellent performance have been suppressed, while punitive measures for inadequate performance have been maintained. Based on ongoing qualitative research consisting of analysis of union position statements, interviews with union representatives, and interviews with academic staff of a Portuguese higher education institution, this article advances the hypothesis that evolution has taken place from resistance to routinization and acceptance of assessment procedures.
Interprofessional Education: Students' Learning of Joint Patient Care
Authors: Gudmundsen Anita Carin , Norbye Bente , Dahlgren Madeleine Abrandt , Obstfelder Aud
Published: February 2019

This study examines how patient care is developed in meetings between students of occupational therapy, physiotherapy, nursing and medicine who are allowed to shape their own interprofessional collaboration. We conduct a thematic interpretative analysis of audio recordings and observations from the meetings and informal talks with the students. The analysis draws on traditions in sociocultural learning theory that deal with interaction on something in common between actors with different knowledge bases and the consequences of this interaction. The analysis showed that the students developed collaboration in patient care by sharing, assessing and determining professional knowledge of patients’ health conditions collectively. In conclusion, we argue that the students learned to use a multiprofessional knowledge base in the design of patient treatment when they were given responsibility to create the collaboration themselves. This demonstrates that students can be encouraged to independently develop professional collaboration in patient care within interprofessional education.

Corrected and republished 22.12.2019.
Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat
Authors: Yang Dongqing , Cai Tie , Luo Yongli , Wang Zhenlin
Published: February 2019

The growth of wheat tillers and plant nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) will gradually deteriorate in response to high plant density and over-application of N. Therefore, in this study, a 2-year field study was conducted with three levels of plant densities (75 ×104plants ha−1, D1; 300 ×104plants ha−1, D2; 525 ×104plants ha−1, D3) and three levels of N application rates (120 kg N ha−1, N1; 240 kg N ha−1, N2; 360 kg N ha−1, N3) to determine how to optimize plant density and N application to regulate tiller growth and to assess the contribution of such measures to enhancing grain yield (GY) and NUE. The results indicated that an increase in plant density significantly increased the number of superior tillers and the number of spikes per m2(SN), resulting in a higher GY and higher partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN). However, there was no significant difference in GY and PFPNbetween plant densities D2 and D3. Increasing the N application rate significantly increased the vascular bundle number (NVB) and area (AVB), however, excess N application (N3) did not significantly improve these parameters. N application significantly increased GY, whereas there was a significant decrease in PFPNin response to an increase in N application rate. The two years results suggested that increasing the plant density (from 75 ×104plants ha−1to 336 ×104plants ha−1) in conjunction with the application of 290 kg N ha−1N will maximize GY, and also increase PFPN(39.7 kg kg−1), compared with the application of 360 kg N ha−1N. Therefore, an appropriate combination of increased planting density with reduced N application could regulate tiller number and favor the superior tiller group, to produce wheat populations with enhanced yield and NUE.
Heat stress compromises epithelial integrity in the coral, Acropora hyacinthus
Authors: Traylor-Knowles Nikki
Published: February 2019

It is well understood that heat stress causes bleaching in corals. Much work has focused on the way heat stress disrupts corals’ symbiotic relationship with endosymbiotic algal dinoflagellate, Symbiodiniaceae, a process called bleaching. However, the damage to the coral tissue that occurs during the bleaching process and, importantly, the factors that contribute to subsequent recovery, are not well understood. I hypothesize that the host tissue damage created by heat stress initiates cascades of wound healing factors that maintain epithelial integrity. These factors may be found to contribute to the coral’s potential capacity to recover. In this study, I present evidence that heat stress causes damage to the coral host tissue and that collagen is present in the gastrodermis of heat-stressed corals. I found that, during the early stages of bleaching, an important transcription factor for wound healing, Grainyhead, is expressed throughout the gastrodermis, where the cellular and tissue rearrangements occur. Lastly, using phylogenetics, I found that cnidarian Grainyhead proteins evolved three distinct groups and that evolution of this protein family likely happened within each taxonomic group. These findings have important implications for our study of coral resiliency in the face of climate change.
Antibiogram of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli Patients under Five Years Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Chioma R. O. , Mzungu I. , Orpin J. B.
Published: February 2019

Escherichia coli infections and poor nutritional status have implications on the growth and development of children under five years, physically, mentally and health wise with consequences such as diarrhoea, stunting, wasting, underweight and often times leading to death, depending on their severity. This study evaluated the antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157 and Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC)and the nutritional status of diarrhoeic children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria, using Conventional isolation methods, latex agglutination tests, VTEC-ELISA tests, Chi-square (SPSS Version 19) and WHO Antro (Version 3.2.2). Purposive sampling was used to select 350 children presenting with diarrhoea in six government hospitals within the three senatorial zones of Kaduna State. The results obtained revealed that 76(21.7%) of the 350 stool samples were positive for E. coli and 28(36.8%) were positive for E. coli O157:H7serotype and 1(1.3%) verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) serotype. High susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and high resistance to sulphamethoxazole, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline by the isolates were observed. The study concluded that antibiotics have not been very effective in the treatment of E. coli-related diarrhoea, with VTEC now emerging in this part of the world, making it a serious public health issue. The study therefore recommends the implementation of programmes geared towards good hygiene, good nutrition and good health.
The Measurement Model of Tourism Destination Images Using Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Sutapa I Nyoman , Wullur Magdalena
Published: February 2019

The article discusses the measurement model of tourism destination images perceived by travellers based on five dimensions of the service quality, i.e. tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance. Measurement problems occur when a traveller assesses the quality of a tourism destination service subjectively with vague boundaries and perceives the image of a tourism destination to vary. To address these issues, we designed an inference model using Mamdani's fuzzy inference system. The results of this study are quantitative assessments of the image of tourism destinations by various travellers based on qualitative perceptions of the quality of service experienced by the traveller.
The Effect of Marketing Capability on Financial Performance with the mediating role of Perceived Sevice Quality and the moderating role of Competitive Intensity. An empirical study on the Banking Sector in Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Teguh Wibisono , Samuel Hatane , . Devie
Published: February 2019

This research aims to analyze the effects of Marketing Capability towards Financial Performance with Perceived Service Quality as Variable Intervening and Competitive Intensity as Variable Moderating at Banking Company in Indonesia. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 170 respondents who are a customer of Bank. Quantitative analysis with path analysis model method was used for the technical analysis. The results of this research shows that the effect of Marketing Capability on Financial Performance is not significant, but the role of the Perceived Service Quality as an Intervening Variable, is able to strengthen the influence of Marketing Capability on Financial Performance to be a significant influence, and Competitive Intensity as a moderating variable on the relationship of Marketing Capability to Financial Performance does not have a significant effect but has a significant direct effect on Financial Performance.
Proteomic pattern of breast milk discriminates obese mothers with infants of delayed weight gain from normal‐weight mothers with infants of normal weight gain
Authors: Atanassov Christo , Viallemonteil Etienne , Lucas Charlotte , Perivier Marylise , Claverol Stéphane , Raimond Roland , Hankard Régis
Published: February 2019

We previously reported that exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers with pregestational obesity gain less weight during the first month after birth than those born to mothers of normal pregestational weight. This issue is potentially important since lower weight gain in breastfed infants of obese mothers might increase the risk of developing later obesity. Breast milk quality and quantity, together with breastfeeding practice, possibly influence infants’ feeding behavior, appetite control, and regulation of growth later in life. The issue of whether breast milk protein patterns from obese mothers differ in composition from those of non‐obese mothers remains largely unexplored. Here, we established a breast milk proteomic pattern that discriminates obese mothers and infants with delayed weight gain at 1 month after birth from normal‐weight mothers with infants of the same age and with normal weight gain. Obese mothers were matched to normal‐weight mothers (n = 26; body mass index 33.5 ± 3.2 vs 21.5 ± 1.5 kg·m−2). The mean weight gain of infants in the obese group at 1 month after birth was 430.8 g lower than that of the infants in the control group. Analysis of the breast milk delipidized fraction by surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization on CM10 and Q10 arrays was followed by MS‐assisted purification and LC‐MS/MS microsequencing of a selected biomarker. We identified 15 candidate protein biomarkers, seven of which were overexpressed in the obese group and eight in the normal‐weight group. One of the most significant candidate biomarkers, overexpressed in the obese group, was identified as a fragment of the sixth extracellular domain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. Further structural identification of these candidate biomarkers and their validation in clinical assays may facilitate the development of a predictive immunoassay.
Communal schools and teacher victimization
Authors: Payne Allison A. , Gottfredson Denise C.
Published: February 2019

Despite data showing that teacher victimization is at least as great a problem as student victimization, far less research exists regarding teacher victimization than student victimization and overall school crime, particularly with regard to the application of criminological theory to explain the victimization of teachers. We address this gap by examining the hierarchical relationship between communal school organization and teacher victimization in a nationally representative sample of 37,497 teachers from 7,488 public schools in the United States. Results showed that teacher experienced less victimization in schools that were more communally organized. We discuss these findings and present implications for school‐based delinquency prevention.
Sublocade trial data published: Better than placebo
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2019

Sublocade, a buprenorphine injection that lasts a month, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of opioid use disorder more than a year ago (see ADAW, Dec. 11, 2017), but the data that led to the approval was not public. It was made public in an article by Sublocade manufacturer Indivior published Feb. 18 in The Lancet.
DNA Segregation in Natural and Synthetic Minimal Systems
Authors: Hürtgen Daniel , Murray Seán M. , Mascarenhas Judita , Sourjik Victor
Published: February 2019

Faithful segregation of replicated genomes to dividing daughter cells is a major hallmark of cellular life and needs to be part of the future design of the robustly proliferating minimal cell. So far, the complexity of eukaryotic chromosome segregation machineries has limited their applicability to synthetic systems. Prokaryotic plasmid segregation machineries offer promising alternative tools for bottom‐up synthetic biology, with the first three‐component DNA segregation system being reconstituted a decade ago. In this review, the mechanisms underlying DNA segregation in prokaryotes, with a particular focus on segregation of plasmids and chromosomal replication origins are reviewed, along with a brief discussion of archaeal and eukaryotic systems. In addition, this review shows how in vitro reconstitution has allowed deeper insights into these processes and discusses possible applications of these machineries for a minimal synthetic segrosome as well as the challenge of its coupling to a minimal replisome.
Harnessing Magnets to Design Tunable Architected Bistable Material
Authors: Chen Tiegang , Zhang Xiaoyong , Yan Xiaojun , Zhang Bin , Jiang Jun , Huang Dawei , Qi Mingjing , Sun Ruijie
Published: February 2019

A new type of tunable bistable metamaterial (TBM) is proposed which is made by embedding magnets into the flexible cellular bistable materials with double tilted beams. To find out the effect of magnets on the mechanics of TBM, several samples are fabricated and magnets with different residual flux density, which is used to describe the magnetic field strength, are embedded. Quasi‐static uniaxial compression tests are performed and the results show that the bistability of the TBM is successfully adjusted by embedding magnets. Furthermore, both numerical and analytical simulations are carried out to further understand the bistable property and energy absorption ability of the proposed metamaterial.
Microphysiological Systems as Enabling Tools for Modeling Complexity in the Tumor Microenvironment and Accelerating Cancer Drug Development
Authors: Kim Hong Nam , Habbit Nicole L. , Su Chia‐Yi , Choi Nakwon , Ahn Eun Hyun , Lipke Elizabeth A. , Kim Deok‐Ho
Published: February 2019

Tumor cell heterogeneity with distinct phenotypes, genotypes, and epigenetic states as well as the complex tumor microenvironment is major challenges for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There have been substantial advances in our knowledge of tumor biology and in the capabilities of available biological analysis tools; however, the absence of physiologically relevant in vitro testing platforms limits our ability to gain an in‐depth understanding of the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer pathology. In this review, recent advances in engineered tumor microenvironments to advance cancer research and drug discovery are presented, including tumor spheroids, microfluidic chips, paper scaffolds, hydrogel‐based engineered tissues, 3D bioprinted scaffolds, and multiscale topography. Furthermore, how these technologies address the specific characteristics of the native tumor microenvironment is described. Through the comparison of these biomimetic 3D tumor models to conventional 2D culture models, the validity and physiological relevance of these platforms for fundamental in vitro studies of the tumor biology, as well as their potential use in drug screening applications, is also discussed.
Enzymatic Micromotors as a Mobile Photosensitizer Platform for Highly Efficient On‐Chip Targeted Antibacteria Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xu Dandan , Zhou Chao , Zhan Chen , Wang Yong , You Yongqiang , Pan Xi , Jiao Jiapu , Zhang Ran , Dong Zhijun , Wang Wei , Ma Xing
Published: February 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) functions when the light‐excited photosensitizers transfer energy to oxygen molecules (3O2) to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) that can effectively kill cells or bacteria. However, the PDT efficacy is often reduced by the limited availability of 3O2 surrounding the photosensitizer and extremely short diffusion range of the photoactivated 1O2. Herein, an enzymatic micromotor based on hollow mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) microspheres is constructed as a mobile and highly efficient photosensitizer platform. Carboxylated magnetic nanoparticles are connected with both hollow spheres and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin molecules through covalent linkage between amino and carboxylic groups within a one‐step reaction. Due to the intrinsic asymmetry of the mSiO2 spheres, the micromotors can be propelled by ionic diffusiophoresis induced by the enzymatic decomposition of urea. Via numerical simulation, the self‐propulsion mechanism is clarified and the movement direction is identified. By virtue of active self‐propulsion, the current system can overcome the long‐standing shortcomings of PDT and significantly enhance the PDT efficacy by improving the accessibility of the photosensitizer to 3O2 and enlarging the diffusing range of 1O2. Therefore, by proposing a new solution to the bottleneck problems of PDT, this work provides insightful perspectives to the biomedical application of multifunctional micro/nanomotors.
A Critical Review on Functionalization of Air‐Cathodes for Nonaqueous Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Balaish Moran , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Il‐Doo , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: February 2019

This review reports on the most updated technological aspects of Li–air battery cathode materials. It provides the reader with recent developments, alongside critical views. The requirements for air‐cathodes, as well as the classification and characterization of carbon‐based and carbon‐free air cathodes, are listed. The effects of two major substituent groups of materials, namely carbon and advanced materials (metals, metal‐oxides, metal‐carbides, and metal‐nitrides) aimed at replacing carbon, are discussed in terms of their chemical and electrochemical stability. The report covers aspects of surface chemistry and structure influence on the electrolyte and discharge products stability. The review also reports on the efforts to suppress side reactions and deterioration of the polymeric binders (if a composite electrode is being considered). This is recognized as a means to enhance Li–air battery performance. The report concludes with an outlook and perspective, providing the readers with some insight on other factors and their impact on the long road toward a viable air‐cathode suitable for Li–air battery operations.
A Hybrid Peptide Amphiphile Fiber PEG Hydrogel Matrix for 3D Cell Culture
Authors: Zhan Henan , Löwik Dennis W. P. M.
Published: February 2019

Since the traditional 2D surface for cell growth has been shown to be increasingly insufficient in contemporary cell biology, more and more research is performed on 3D matrices that can better represent the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in many aspects. To create such a complex nonuniform 3D matrix, four‐armed polyethylene glycol with azides and (1R,8S,9S)‐bicyclo[6.1.0]non‐4‐yn‐9‐yl groups is functionalized to form the hydrogel basis. Together with these, a matrix metalloproteinase cleavable peptide sequence as a functional motif is also built in to add degradability to the hydrogel. In addition, self‐assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) fibers containing a cellular binding peptide sequence (RGDS) are encapsulated in the hydrogel to mimic the natural fibrous structure of the ECM and to stimulate cell adhesion. Rheology studies confirm that the polymer dissolved in the PA fiber solution forms a stable hydrogel with acceptable mechanical properties (G′ = 3.8 kPa). In addition, it is shown that this hydrogel network is degradable under the action of a metalloproteinase enzyme. Finally, the hybrid hydrogel is used to culture and it is demonstrated that both HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells show adherence, good viability, and a well‐spread shape inside the hybrid hydrogel after 5 days of incubation when all components are present.
Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Memory Effect in Ultrathin α‐In2Se3
Authors: Wan Siyuan , Li Yue , Li Wei , Mao Xiaoyu , Wang Chen , Chen Chen , Dong Jiyu , Nie Anmin , Xiang Jianyong , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhu Wenguang , Zeng Hualing
Published: February 2019

High‐density memory is integral in solid‐state electronics. 2D ferroelectrics offer a new platform for developing ultrathin electronic devices with nonvolatile functionality. Recent experiments on layered α‐In2Se3 confirm its room‐temperature out‐of‐plane ferroelectricity under ambient conditions. Here, a nonvolatile memory effect in a hybrid 2D ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) made of ultrathin α‐In2Se3 and graphene is demonstrated. The resistance of the graphene channel in the FeFET is effectively controllable and retentive due to the electrostatic doping, which stems from the electric polarization of the ferroelectric α‐In2Se3. The electronic logic bit can be represented and stored with different orientations of electric dipoles in the top‐gate ferroelectric. The 2D FeFET can be randomly rewritten over more than 105 cycles without losing the nonvolatility. The approach demonstrates a prototype of rewritable nonvolatile memory with ferroelectricity in van der Waals 2D materials.
Ultrathin PtNiM (M = Rh, Os, and Ir) Nanowires as Efficient Fuel Oxidation Electrocatalytic Materials
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Yang Yong , Huang Bolong , Lv Fan , Wang Kai , Li Na , Luo Mingchuan , Chao Yuguang , Li Yingjie , Sun Yingjun , Xu Zhikun , Qin Yingnan , Yang Wenxiu , Zhou Jinhui , Du Yaping , Su Dong , Guo Shaojun
Published: February 2019

The development of new electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for alcohol oxidation is an emerging need of direct alcohol fuel cells. However, the commonly used Pt‐based catalysts still exhibit drawbacks including limited catalytic activity, high overpotential, and severe CO poisoning. Here a general approach is reported for preparing ultrathin PtNiM (M = Rh, Os, and Ir) nanowires (NWs) with excellent anti‐CO‐poisoning ability and high activity. Owing to their superior nanostructure and optimal electronic interaction, the ultrathin PtNiM NWs show enhanced electrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The optimal PtNiRh NWs show mass activity of 1.72 A mg−1 and specific activity of 2.49 mA cm−2 for MOR, which are 3.17 and 2.79 times higher than those of Pt/C. In particular, the onset potentials of PtNiRh NWs for MOR and EOR shift down by about 65 and 85 mV compared with those of Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations further verify their high antipoison properties for MOR and EOR from both an electronic and energetic perspective. Facilitated by the introduction of Rh and Ni, the stable pinning of the Pt 5d band associated with electron‐rich and depletion centers solves the dilemma between reactivity and anti‐CO poisoning.