bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanamente
Authors: Nóvoa António
Published: November 2015

Este ensaio organiza-se em três partes. A primeira, “No princípio era a paideia”, refere-se aos fundamentos de uma educação humana, à génese do termo humanidades e ao conceito de educação liberal. A segunda, “No meio está a universidade”, explica as dificuldades das humanidades, “fora” e ”dentro”, e defende a importância de irem ao encontro das grandes questões contemporâneas e de assumirem um compromisso público. A terceira, “No fim será a cultura ao cubo?”, argumenta a favor de uma convergência das “duas culturas”, humanidades e ciências, em torno de uma terceira realidade, tripla, ao cubo. O ensaio termina com a necessidade de uma renovação profundíssima das universidades, a partir de uma nova responsabilidade social, o que não poderá ser feito sem a presença forte das humanidades.
A defesa das Humanidades
Authors: Jorge Lídia
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_10
[Recensão a] ELEONORA BELFIORE, ANNA UPCHURCH (ED.) (2013). Humanities in the Twenty-first Century. Beyond Utility and Markets
Authors: Umbelino Luís António
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_21
[Recensão a] MARCO SANTAGATA (2014). L’amoroso pensiero. Petrarca e il romanzo di Laura
Authors: Marnoto Rita
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_22
A musa falida: a perda da centralidade da literatura na cultura globalizada
Authors: Pécora Alcir
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1_9
The interface of creativity, fluency, lateral thinking, and technology while designing Serious Educational Games in a science classroom
Authors: Lamb Richard , Annetta Leonard , Vallett David
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Creativity is the production of the new, original, unique, and divergent products and ideas mediated through lateral thinking. Evidence suggests that high levels of creativity and fluency are important in the continued development of student interest, efficacy and ultimately career impact in the sciences.Method. In this study, 559 randomly selected students attended an eight-month long workshop on science-based videogame design as a learning tool in the classroom. Students then designed science-based video games exemplifying learned, key, science concepts. Upon completion of the workshop, all students were given the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking to aid in the development of understanding of the relationship between creativity and related constructs.Results. The authors also explore the implications of the role of lateral thinking as a cognitive system mediating science learning. Results suggest a statistically significant difference exists between pretest and posttest outcomes and that the data confirms the suggested model for the role of creative, fluency and lateral thinking related to science processing.Discussion and Conclusion. Seeking to promote interest in creative support tools such as those in use during the design of SEGs can provide disciplinary convergence through lateral thinking. More specifically these result agree with results found in other studies such as Yamamoto & Nakakoji (2005), Chen et.al. (2007) and Spencer, Lucas & Claxton (2012), which suggest that there are underlying behavioral manifestations of creativity and fluency that impacts the science and design process via lateral thinking.
Effect of bio-calcium oxide on the morphology of hydroxyapatite
Authors: RodrÃ­guez-Lugo V. , Angeles C. , De la Isla A. , Castano V.M.
Published: November 2015

A study of the Hydroxyapatite (HAp) synthesis through a hydrothermal process was carried out. Bio-Calcium oxide (CaO) obtained by heat treatment of sand dollar was used in the synthesis at different proportions to react with monetite (CaHPO3). Structural and chemical characterization of the samples was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction; Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In each sample were observed different morphologies such as agglomerates, hexagonal particles, epitaxial growth, and fibers. O, Ca, P, C and small amounts of Mg and Si were the main chemical components of the sharp morphologies. The hydroxyapatite, whitocklite, portlandite and calcite were the crystalline phases found in each of the samples analyzed. Two different growth shapes of HAp single crystals were found using transmission electron microscopy. The HAp single crystal with six well-defined prismatic faces was reveled to grow along side the <1 0 â€“1 0> crystallographic direction. The HAp single crystal with fiber morphology grew alongside c-axis. However, both morphologies of HAp single crystals present a ratio Ca/P less compared with the stoichiometric ratio (Ca/P=1.67).
Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages: The Role of Emotions in Affecting Adolescent Smoking Consideration and Secondhand Smoke Beliefs
Authors: Netemeyer Richard G. , Burton Scot , Andrews J. Craig , Kees Jeremy
Published: November 2015

To date, most studies of graphic health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packages have focused on adult samples and/or the unique role of evoked fear in influencing smoking beliefs and behaviors. Using a sample of 349 adolescents, classified as either current smokers or nonsmokers, the authors examine the effects of GHWs on a broader array of emotions (i.e., fear, guilt, and disgust). Results show that perceived graphicness of the visual warning positively affects these emotions, and being a smoker increases the positive effect of perceived graphicness. In addition, evoked fear and guilt interact with smoking status to strengthen the positive influence of these emotions on current smokers’ consideration of smoking. Smoking status also moderates the effects of fear and guilt by strengthening adolescent smokers’ negative feelings about secondhand smoke and about other adolescents’ consideration of smoking. Finally, the authors find a direct effect of perceived graphicness of the GHW on the smoking consideration measures that is not fully mediated by the evoked emotions. Implications for designing health warnings and making public health policy are offered.
The Impact of E-Cigarette Addiction Warnings and Health-Related Claims on Consumers’ Risk Beliefs and Use Intentions
Authors: Berry Christopher , Burton Scot , Howlett Elizabeth
Published: November 2015

The popularity of electronic cigarettes continues to skyrocket across the United States. Given the multitude of aggressive promotional campaigns launched by e-cigarette manufacturers, including some that have offered unsubstantiated health claims, this rapid growth is not surprising. Despite this popularity, many consumers may be unaware that some in the health care community consider e-cigarette use a serious public health issue because most e-cigarettes deliver highly addictive nicotine through vapor. Consequently, the Food and Drug Administration now requires e-cigarette manufacturers to disclose information about the highly addictive nature of their products. Results across two studies show that addiction warnings and health claims presented in e-cigarette advertising influence consumers’ risk beliefs. Although a warning statement increases consumers’ addiction risk beliefs, the concurrent presence of a health-related claim in the e-cigarette advertisement weakens the effect. Findings also suggest that addiction warnings have the potential to indirectly influence consumers’ intentions for future electronic and traditional cigarette use in the absence of an explicit health claim. Implications for both consumer health and public policy are offered.
Sorption of Cd2+ Ions From Aqueous Solutions on Organic Wastes / Sorpcja Jonów Cd2+ Z Roztworów Wodnych Na Odpadach Organicznych
Authors: Bożęcka Agnieszka , Sanak-Rydlewska Stanisława
Published: November 2015

This article presents the results of research on the Cd2+ ions sorption from model aqueous solutions on sunflower hulls, walnut shells and plum stones. The effect of various factors, such as mass of the natural sorbent, the pH, the time and the temperature was studied. The process of Cd2+ ions sorption on studied sorbents was described by the Langmuir model. The best sorption capacity has been achieved for sunflower hulls. The maximum sorption capacity for this material was 19.93 mg/g.
Method of Determining the Triaxial Stress State in the Rock Mass with Directed Hydrofracturing / Metoda Określania Trójosiowego Stanu Naprężenia W Górotworze Z Użyciem Ukierunkowanego Hydroszczelinowania
Authors: Makówka Janusz
Published: November 2015

Stress state in the rock mass determines design of mine workings, their proper maintenance, and safety of the personnel working there. That is why numerous methods of determining stress state in the rock mass have been devised. One of the categories of such methods are hydraulic ones. The most commonly known methods of hydrofracturing and the HTPF have certain limitations resulting from their assumptions. The presented method based on directed hydrofracturing of rocks enables determining values and directions of principal stresses in the rock mass, independently on the complexity of local stress state. The essence of the method, conditions of conducting tests and the method of calculating components of stress state basing on underground measurements are presented.
Determination of Critical Conditions of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in Longwall Gob Areas / Wyznaczanie Warunków Krytycznych Samozapalania Węgla W Zrobach Ścian
Authors: Cygankiewicz Janusz
Published: November 2015

Decades of experience in the fight against endogenous fire hazard in coal mines indicate a major influence of certain conditions in a given area of the mine on the possibility of fire occurrence, such as:

susceptibility of coals to spontaneous combustion,

oxygen content in the air incoming to the self-heating coal,

conditions of heat exchange between the self-heating coal mass and the environment

This paper presents a numerical method for determining the critical conditions of spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall gob areas, i.e. conditions under which spontaneous combustion may occur. It has been assumed that crushed coal in the gob has a shape of a flat layer adjacent from the roof and floor side to the rocks.

Our considerations have been limited to coals containing small amount of moisture. A simple model of oxidation kinetics on the coal surface expressed by the Arrhenius equation has been adopted. This model assumes that oxidation rate is independent of the amount of oxygen absorbed by coal. The rate of reaction depends only on temperature, with the parameters of the equation changing after the coal has reached the critical temperature.

The article presents also a mathematical model of spontaneous heating of the coal layer in the gob area. It describes the heat balance in the coal as well as the oxygen and heat balance in the flowing gases. The model consists of a system of differential equations which are solved using numerical techniques. The developed computer program enables to perform the relevant calculations.

In this paper, on the example of coal from a seam 405, we present the method for determining the following critical parameters of the layer of crushed coal: thickness of the layer, oxygen content in a stream of gases flowing through the layer and thermal conductivity of surrounding rocks.
Decision Trees in the Analysis of the Intensity of Damage to Portal Frame Buildings in Mining Areas / Drzewa Decyzyjne W Analizie Intensywności Uszkodzeń Budynków Halowych Na Terenach Górniczych
Authors: Firek Karol , Rusek Janusz , Wodyński Aleksander
Published: November 2015

The article presents a preliminary database analysis regarding the technical condition of 94 portal frame buildings located in the mining area of Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM), using the methodology of decision trees. The scope of the analysis was divided into two stages. The first one included creating a decision tree by a standard CART method, and determining the importance of individual damage indices in the values of the technical wear of buildings. The second one was based on verification of the created decision tree and the importance of these indices in the technical wear of buildings by means of a simulation of individual dendritic models using the method of random forest. The obtained results confirmed the usefulness of decision trees in the early stage of data analysis. This methodology allows to build the initial model to describe the interaction between variables and to infer about the importance of individual input variables.
Underground Tourist Routes in the Context of Sustainable Development / Podziemne Trasy Turystyczne W Procesie Zrównoważonego Rozwoju
Authors: Wieja Tomasz , Chmura Janusz , Bartos Maciej
Published: November 2015

Recent years paved the way for progress focused on maximising the financial and political profits, leading in consequence to a social and economic crisis and environmental disasters. In response to those negative impacts, the concept of sustainable development appeared, understood as the need to improve life quality at the same time retaining social balance, bio-diversity of species and the variety of natural resources.

A society that is active and has a full awareness of those issues will play a major role in sustainable development. On one hand, it will control the impacts the economy has on the environment, whilst on the other, the condition of the social capital guarantees the continuity of the progress envision and planning of its implementation.

Protection of old underground sites is in line with the principles of sustainable development. Well preserved underground sites opened to visitors are a part of the cultural heritage, ensuring that historic, cultural , natural and utility values are maintained. Recently a great deal of attention has been given to revival and revitalisation of old historical underground sites and giving them a new function. Revitalisation and preservation of old abandoned excavations is a most complicated process aimed at restoring the functional utility of abandoned or disused infrastructure.

Practical design should envision activities well in line with natural processes. Underground sites being preserved and adapted have to be visitor - friendly and acceptable, being a vital component of cultural heritage viewed in the context of sustainable development. Engineering problems involve not only the practical application of science, but also the way the world is defined. That is why the social and even spiritual aspects of revitalisation projects are recalled: recreation of human interactions with the nature and with the entire surroundings.

Underground tourist routes should be harmonised with land development in the area and the residence patterns that have emerged over centuries. Well - preserved and protected excavations are the relics of the past, are part of the cultural heritage and become a rich source of knowledge about history.
A new locality of Carex pediformis (Cyperaceae) in Poland
Authors: Nobis Marcin , Nobis Agnieszka
Published: November 2015

Carex pediformis C. A. Meyer is a component of dry grasslands (Festucetalia valesiacae order). It is very rare and red-listed in Poland. To date the species is know from less than ten localities in Poland of which four are currently confirmed. The paper presents a data on new locality of the species in the Central Poland (Malopolska Upland), together with remarks on its population size and habitat requirements. The distribution map of the species in Poland is also presented.
Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres
Authors: Hu Ran , Zhang Min , Adhikari Benu , Liu Yaping
Published: November 2015

Wheat bran is rich in dietary fibre and its annual output is abundant, but underutilized. Insoluble dietary fibre often influences food quality negatively; therefore, how to improve the physical and chemical properties of insoluble dietary fibre of wheat bran for post processing is a challenge. Insoluble dietary fibre was obtained from wheat bran and micronized using high-pressure homogenization, high-intensity sonication, and a combination of these two methods. The high-pressure homogenization and high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication treatments significantly (p<0.05) improved the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, and cation exchange capacities. The improvement of the above properties by high-intensity sonication alone was marginal. In most cases, the high-pressure homogenization process was as good as the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process in improving the above-mentioned properties; hence, the contribution of high-`intensity sonication in the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process was minimal. The best results show that the minimum particle size of wheat bran can reach 9 μm, and the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, cation exchange capacities change significantly.
Influence of soil properties on crop yield: a multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Juhos Katalin , Szabó Szilárd , Ladányi Márta
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between soil properties and grain yields in an East Hungarian region in regard to weather conditions. Soil pH, EC, carbonate content, soluble and exchangeable Na+, texture, organic carbon, and nutrient contents were analyzed. Yield data (maize, winter wheat, sunflower) from 10 years were standardized using calculated relative yield and yield variability. Weather conditions were characterized by the Pálfai Drought Index. Hydrological and topographical conditions were characterized by the mean altitude of plots. The ranged pedological variables were analyzed using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. The principal component analysis showed that three principal components with eigenvalues greater than one explained more than 84% of the variability of soil properties. The multiple stepwise principal regression analysis showed that the mean relative yield was linearly correlated with all the three principal component factors (R2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). In droughty years, the sodification, salinization, soil texture, and nutrient contents determined the yields (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.05). In humid years, the lower topographical position, soil organic matter, and nutrient contents were the main limiting factors (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.01). Consequently, the variables can effectively explain the yield variability together with other variables as linear combinations.
Hydrophysical characteristics of selected soils from arctic and temperate zones
Authors: Witkowska-Walczak Barbara , Bartmiński Piotr , Sławiński Cezary
Published: November 2015

Hydrophysical characteristics of arctic and temperate zones soils were determined. The soils from the temperate zone showed a greater capability of water retention than those from the arctic zone. In both investigated depths (surface and subsurface layers), the highest water content was observed for the Sądecki Regosol, and the lowest one for Turbic Cryosol formed in the cell forms from Spitsbergen at all soil water potentials. The differences between water content for these soils at the same soil water potentials varied between 20 and 25% vol. in the surface layer, and from 19 to 22% vol. in the subsurface, respectively. The lowest differences (2.7-5.0% vol.) in water content were noticed between the Wyspowy Regosol and Turbic Cryosol (Skeletic) derived in the sorted circles. In both depths, higher values of water conductivity were observed for Regosols than for Cryosols at high soil water potentials, from -0.1 till -7 kJ m-3. These differences were especially high at -0.1 kJ m-3 and they were three or four times higher for soils from the temperate zone than from the arctic ones. For lower water potentials, the differences in water conductivity do not exceed one order in the surface layer and two orders in the subsurface.
Japanese Regulation Policy and Credit Crunch
Authors: Guizani Brahim
Published: November 2015

This paper aims to answer this question: What were the causes of the severe slowdown in bank credit in Japan between 1999 and 2005? We test three credit crunch hypotheses, all together. The empirical results uncover the occurrence of a credit crunch that is attributed to bankers’ precautionary behavior rather than direct regulatory capital worries.
Prevalence of Fractures in Upper Front Incisors and its Relationship with Overjet in Costa Rica
Authors: Ulate Jiménez Joseph , De la Cruz Rojas Ronald
Published: November 2015

At the present time, in Costa Rica did not exist a national research on dental trauma, an issue that has become a worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries of permanent maxillary incisors. Thus, 1 626 Costa Rican school students of 12 years old were evaluated. The national prevalence of children with at least one fracture was 20.17 %, males showed a higher prevalence than women (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that the group of students with more than 6 mm of overjet had a higher prevalence of fractures (p < 0.05). 
Amelogenesis Imperfecta. The Likelihood of Genetic Transmission to the Next Generation in Costa Rican Families
Authors: Murillo Knudsen Gina , Silva de la Fuente Sandra , Mata Martínez Mariana , Esquivel Hidalgo María José
Published: November 2015

Amelogenesis Imperfecta describes a group of structural anomalies of dental enamel whose inheritance pattern may be dominant or recessive autosomal, or sex-linked pattern to X chromosome. It also can be linked to spontaneous genetic mutation called as novo mutation. Members of seven Costa Rican families, affected and not affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta, were studied with the objective of determining the probability of future generations manifesting the condition in dental enamel. Subjects were referred by students and faculty members, of the postgraduate program in pediatric dentistry of dental school. Private practitioners also referred some patients. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of the office of research of the University of Costa Rica, and each participant provided written informed consent. Family pedigrees and genetic information was entered into computer software using the Cyrillic program. Data was extracted from clinical records of the University of Costa Rica dental school, and direct family histories were obtained from the subjects. Data was organized in Punnett Squares, and analysis performed according to Mendelian Laws. Analysis of the pathological manifestation of Amelogenesis Imperfecta according to recessive, dominant or indeterminate patterns enabled a more precise determination of the likelihood of heritability in future generations. The results lead to a better understanding of the origin of this enamel condition and explain better its heritability to next generations of the same families. In order to confirm the precise genetic mutation(s) it is essential to collect and analyze DNA from saliva or blood of each subject. This is an additional line of research, not included within the scope of this text. 
Urine Injury Biomarkers and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Recipients of Prevalent Kidney Transplants: The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation Trial
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Carpenter Myra A. , Weiner Daniel E. , Levey Andrew S. , Pfeffer Marc , Kusek John W. , Cai Jianwen , Hunsicker Lawrence G. , Park Meyeon , Bennett Michael , Liu Kathleen D. , Hsu Chi-yuan
Published: November 2015

Recipients of kidney transplants (KTR) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, graft failure, and death. It is unknown whether urine kidney injury biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among KTRs. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) Trial using a case-cohort study design, selecting participants with adjudicated cardiovascular events, graft failure, or death. Urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), IL-18, and liver–type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) were measured in spot urine samples and standardized to urine creatinine concentration. We adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, eGFR, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Patients had 291 cardiovascular events, 257 graft failure events, and 359 deaths. Each log increase in urine NGAL/creatinine independently associated with a 24% greater risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06 to 1.45), a 40% greater risk of graft failure (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.68), and a 44% greater risk of death (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.65). Urine KIM-1/creatinine and IL-18/creatinine independently associated with greater risk of death (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.61 and aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.49 per log increase, respectively) but not with risk of cardiovascular events or graft failure. Urine L-FABP did not associate with any study outcomes. In conclusion, among prevalent KTRs, higher urine NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 levels independently and differentially associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Mediates Kidney Injury Molecule 1-Dependent Tubule Injury in a Surrogate Model
Authors: Yin Wenqing , Naini Said Movahedi , Chen Guochun , Hentschel Dirk M. , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Bonventre Joseph V.
Published: November 2015

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phagocytic receptor, is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule in various forms of acute and chronic kidney injury in humans and many other species. Whereas acute expression of KIM-1 has adaptive anti-inflammatory effects, chronic expression may be maladaptive in mice. Here, we characterized the zebrafish Kim family, consisting of Kim-1, Kim-3, and Kim-4. Kim-1 was markedly upregulated in kidney after gentamicin-induced injury and had conserved phagocytic activity in zebrafish. Both constitutive and tamoxifen-induced expression of Kim-1 in zebrafish kidney tubules resulted in loss of the tubule brush border, reduced GFR, pericardial edema, and increased mortality. Kim-1-induced kidney injury was associated with reduction of growth of adult fish. Kim-1 expression led to activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin increased survival. mTOR pathway inhibition in KIM-1-overexpressing transgenic mice also significantly ameliorated serum creatinine level, proteinuria, tubular injury, and kidney inflammation. In conclusion, persistent Kim-1 expression results in chronic kidney damage in zebrafish through a mechanism involving mTOR. This observation predicted the role of the mTOR pathway and the therapeutic efficacy of mTOR-targeted agents in KIM-1-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis in mice, demonstrating the utility of the Kim-1 renal tubule zebrafish models.
Nowcasting Indonesia
Authors: Luciani Matteo , Pundit Madhavi , Ramayandi Arief , Veronese Giovanni
Published: November 2015

We produce predictions of the current state of the Indonesian economy by estimating a dynamic factor model on a dataset of eleven indicators (also followed closely by market operators) over the time period 2002 to 2014. Besides the standard difficulties associated with constructing timely indicators of current economic conditions, Indonesia presents additional challenges typical to emerging market economies where data are often scant and unreliable. By means of a pseudo-real-time forecasting exercise we show that our model outperforms univariate benchmarks, and it does comparably with predictions of market operators. Finally, we show that when quality of data is low, a careful selection of indicators is crucial for better forecast performance.
‘‘Getting It Right’’: The Birth of a New EU Common Fishery Policy? – Legislative and Legal Perspectives on the Annulling of the ‘‘Five Structural Failings’’
Authors: Ørebech Peter
Published: November 2015

This lex ferenda article examines EU efforts to change the criticized and now-repealed 2002 ‘‘topdown’’ management regulation with its discard system, vessel decommissioning, fishing effort management, and quota allocations. The 2013 regulation’s objective is to remedy the Common Fisheries Policy’s ‘‘five structural failings.’’ Unfortunately, the new regulations have failed toimprove the situation. Political obstruction, lax enforcement, transitional costs, and the weight of the status quo hamper future amendments.(Published: 6 November 2015)Citation: P. Ørebech. ‘‘‘‘Getting It Right’’: The Birth of aNew EUCommon Fishery Policy? – Legislative and Legal Perspectives on the Annulling of the ‘‘Five Structural Failings’’’’. Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2015, pp. 111–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/arctic.v6.93
EU Engagement in the Arctic: Do the Policy Responses from the Arctic States Recognise the EU as a Legitimate Stakeholder?
Authors: Hossain Kamrul
Published: November 2015

The Arctic states are bound in an institutional relationship by means of their actions through the Arctic Council (AC) - an organisation created by the eight Arctic states. Although a number of its European Union (EU) states are both members and observers in the AC, the EU is not, despite its clear stake in the Arctic, for of a number of reasons. The AC twice postponed the application of the EU in 2013; however, it granted the EU the right to observe the AC meetings as an ‘‘observer in principle.’’ In addition to the significant resource and commercial interests of the EU in the Arctic, it assumes a stewardship role in the Arctic. As the leader in combating global climate change, for example, the EU is committed to assuming responsibility for protecting the Arctic environment given that climate change does have a devastating impact in the Arctic. Moreover, the EU is also concerned about its and continental Europe’s only indigenous people, the Sa´mi, a significant proportion of whom live in its Arctic member states of Finland and Sweden. Thus, in recent years, the EU has endorsed a series of policy documents concerning the Arctic. Against the background of this development, this article examines whether the policy responses of the Arctic states with regard to the EU’s increased ambition to engage in Arctic matters make it a legitimate actor or stakeholder. The article concludes that even though the Arctic states, as the primary actors, determine the region’s governance approach, they see also a general partnership role for the EU with regard to the common goals of knowledge-based responsible governance and sustainable development of the Arctic.(Published: 6 November 2015)Citation: K. Hossain. ‘‘EU Engagement in the Arctic: Do the Policy Responses from the Arctic States Recognise the EU as a LegitimateStakeholder?.’’ Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2015, pp. 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/arctic.v6.97
API - AGRO: An Open Data and Open API platform to promote interoperability standards for Farm Services and Ag Web Applications
Authors: Sine Mehdi , Theo-Paul Haezebrouck , Emeric Emonet
Published: November 2015

In accordance to National Program of Agricultural and Rural Development objectives, the project API-AGRO has been selected to improve interoperability and data exchange between agricultural stakeholders. This project is a non-contradictive new oncoming about the previous projects working on agricultural data exchanges trying to standardizing data format to insure exchange. Based on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), this emerging digital distribution channel enables data sharing with clear rules of use.

APIs can provide a hook for partners or third party developers to access data and services to build applications or to offer new services for different Farm Management Information Systems. In the French Ecophyto program, we observed that centralizing data from many different FMIS has shown its limits; all FMIS have their own standards, constraints and goals. This has led to the creation of a new FMIS to receive all the data collected from the farms national networks. In this context, APIs seem to be an innovative solution to expand data exchanges and promote open-innovation. Thus, we made the assumption that pooling data sets produced by different partners, or web services provided by API, will facilitate the design of the new FMIS.

We also believe that APIs could boost innovation in the agricultural ecosystem by integrating new players (start-up, for example) promoting co-development of disruptive web applications for e-agriculture.

So we designed the API-AGRO platform from an agronomic references inventory existing in each program’s partner. The platform offers unified access to a data set in open or private mode and a set of Open or Private-APIs (reserved for specific partners or clients) This paper will present the main functionalities of the full platform. We will focus on user interfaces with the visualization and the data extraction tools and on the API console designed for developers.
From science to practice: Bringing innovations to agronomy and forestry
Authors: Willems Don , Koenderink Nicole J.J.P. , Top Jan L.
Published: November 2015

The challenge of the work presented here is to make innovative research output in the agronomy and forestry domain accessible to end-users, so that it can be practically applied. We have developed an approach that consists of three key-elements: an ontology with domain knowledge, a set of documents that have been annotated and meta-annotated, and a system (ask-Valerie) that is based on a dialogue to represent the interaction between end user and system.

We show that the dialogue-metaphor is a good way of modelling the interaction between user and system. The system helps the user in formulating his question and in answering it in a useful way. Meta-annotations of key-paragraphs in the document-base turn out to be relevant in assessing in one glance what the content of a document is.

End-users are very enthusiastic about the possibilities that ask-Valerie offers them in translating scientific results to their own situation.
Smart Agro-Services in the Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe (FOODIE) Platform: Insights from the Automatic Delimitation of Management Zones
Authors: Arango Rodolfo B. , Monteserín Cristina , Cerezo Ismael S. , Campos Antonio M.
Published: November 2015

Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe (FOODIE) will provide specific and high-value applications and services for the support in the planning and decision-making processes of farmers and other stakeholders groups related to the agricultural and environmental domains. This paper focuses on FOODIE services based on machine learning algorithms and other artificial intelligence techniques providing, for instance, forecasting models to predict crop diseases or proposing management zones by means of clustering homogeneous zones of land. In particular, the service for the automatic delimitation of management zones is reviewed and tested in a case study. The results show the great potential of this smart agro-service for land classification.
Transcriptomics and proteomics in studies of induced differentiation of leukemia cells
Authors: Novikova S.E. , Zgoda V.G.
Published: November 2015

Induced differentiation of leukemia cells is in the focus of basic and applied biomedical studies medicine and biology for more than 30 years. During this period specific regulatory molecules involved in the maturation process have been identified by biochemical and molecular biological methods. Recent developments of high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic techniques made it possible to analyze large sets of mRNA and proteins; this resulted in identification of functionally important signal transduction pathways and networks of molecular interactions, and thus extent existing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of induced differentiation. Despite significant advances in mechanisms of induced differentiation, many problems related to the molecular mechanism of cell maturation, a phenomenon of therapeutic resistance of leukemic cells need better understanding and thus require further detailed study. Transcriptomics and proteomics methods provide a suitable methodological platform for the implementation of such studies. This review highlights the use of transcriptomic and proteomic methods in studies aimed at various aspects of the induced differentiation. Special attention is paid to the employment of the systems approach for investigation of various aspects of cell maturation. The use of the systems approach in studies of induced differentiation is an important step for the transition from the formal data accumulation on expression of mRNA and proteins towards creating models of biological processes in silico.
Remodeling of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cervical cancer development
Authors: Kurmyshkina O.V. , Belova L.L. , Kovchur P.I. , Volkova T.O.
Published: November 2015

Ability to stimulate angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis is recognized as an inherent feature of cancer cells providing necessary conditions for their growth and dissemination. “Angiogenic switch” is one of the earliest consequences of malignant transformation that encompasses a great number of genes and triggers a complex set of signaling cascades in endothelial cells. The processes of tumor microvasculature development are closely connected to the steps of carcinogenesis (from benign lesions to invasive forms) and occur through multiple deviations from the norm. Analysis of expression of proangiogenic factors at successive steps of cervical cancer development (intraepithelial neoplasia, cancer in situ, microinvasive, and invasive cancer) enables to reconstruct the regulatory mechanisms of (lymph-)angiogenesis and to discriminate the most important components. This review presents detailed analysis of literature data on expression of the key regulators of angiogenesis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Their possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells, as well as invasion and tumor metastasis is discussed. Correlation between expression of proangiogenic molecular factors and various clinicopathological parameters is considered, the potential of their use in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy of cervical cancer is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to relatively poorly studied regulators of lymphangiogenesis and “non-VEGF dependent”, or alternative, angiogenic pathways that constitute the prospect of future research in the field.
Experimental modeling of nucleoprotein disposal disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Trofimenko A.S. , Gontar I.P. , Paramonova O.V. , Simakova E.S. , Zborovskaya I.A.
Published: November 2015

The objective of this research was to adapt the experimental model simulating the nucleoprotein disposal disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for further study of its extracorporeal correction, as well as to assess validity of the model by short-term experiment. Twenty to female Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with the chromatin-containing extract from bovine liver followed by intravenous administration of anti-DNA antibodies derived from SLE patients. After these procedures plasma concentrations of anti-dsDNA, circulating immune complexes and DNA became sharply increased, together with distinct elevation of leukocytes. On the contrary, changes in erythrocytes, platelets, total protein concentration, creatinine, asparagine and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as blood coagulation time were changed insignificantly. Using direct immunofluorescence of cryosections, we detected human IgG deposition in rat kidneys treated in accordance with the simulation protocol. Thus, our model reproduces essential DNA disposal disorders in SLE without any animal death or the life-threatening changes in examined markers during short-term experiment.
Extracorporeal treatment of nucleoprotein disposal disorders using the systemic lupus erythematosus model: evaluation of efficacy and safety in a short-term simulated experiment
Authors: Trofimenko A.S. , Gontar I.P. , Paramonova O.V. , Simakova E.S. , Zborovskaya I.A.
Published: November 2015

Efficacy and safety of the extracorporeal blood perfusion through DNase I- and C1q-containing magnetic beads have been evaluated using the experimental model simulating the nucleoprotein disposal disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study was performed using 20 rats in which the essential impairments of nucleoprotein catabolism typical for SLE were modeled. The animals were randomized into the experimental group and the placebo perfusion control group. Rats of the experimental group were characterized by the statistically significant reduction of increased levels of circulating immune complexes and plasma DNA as well as diminished levels of plasma creatinine and kidney IgG deposition as compared with placebo controls. During short-term experiment there were neither animal deaths nor substantial blood cell destruction and hepatotoxicity signs.
Pharmacokinetic and analgesic properties of the injectable dosage form of a new imidazobenzimidazole derivative RU-1205 with kappa agonist activity
Authors: Spasov A.A. , Smirnova L.A. , Grechko O.U. , Raschenko A.I. , Shtareva D.M. , Anisimova V.A.
Published: November 2015

Pharmacokinetic properties of imidazobenzimidazole derivative compound RU-1205 were investigated after subcutaneous administration to rabbits as a substance and a dosage form (lyophilisates for injection) at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The lyophilisate was characterized by high values of the relative bioavailability. In tests, the “hot plate” and “vinegar cramps” the dosage form and the substance exhibited the same analgesic effect.
Avaliação agroeconômica da produção de cultivares de feijão-caupi em consórcio com cultivares de mandioca em Roraima
Authors: Alves José Maria Arcanjo , Araújo Nilma Pereira de , Uchôa Sandra Cátia Pereira , Albuquerque José De Anchieta Alves de , Silva Armando José da , Rodrigues Guilherme Silva , Silva Deyse Cristina Oliveira da
Published: November 2015

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a avaliação agroeconômica da produção consorciada de cultivares de feijão-caupi com cultivares de mandioca para mesa em uma área de cerrado do Estado de Roraima, visando o mercado de Boa Vista, em Roraima. O experimento foi instalado na área experimental do CCA/UFRR, no município de Boa Vista. Fez-se o plantio de duas cultivares de mandioca para mesa em 15 de agosto de 2007, em ﬁleira dupla, obedecendo ao espaçamento de 2,0 x 0,5 x 0,5 m, totalizando 16.000 plantas por hectare. Trinta dias após o plantio da mandioca para mesa, fez-se o plantio de quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi de porte semi-ereto entre as linhas duplas das cultivares de mandioca. O plantio foi realizado em sulcos, espaçados de 0,5 m, abertos manualmente por meio de enxada, deixando-se após desbaste, 8 plantas por metro. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com três repetições. Os termos do fatorial referem-se as duas cultivares de mandioca e as quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi. Conclui-se que as maiores receitas líquidas são encontradas no consórcio de todas cultivares de feijão-caupi com a mandioca Aciolina e o consórcio da mandioca Aciolina com a cultivar de feijão-caupi UFRR Grão Verde, apresenta a maior relação benefício/custo (6,07), considerando apenas os custos variáveis, na comercialização de vagem verde, grãos verdes e grãos secos.
Erodibilidade e suscetibilidade à erosão dos solos de cerrado com plantio de Acacia mangium em Roraima
Authors: Vale Júnior José Frutuoso do , Barros Luciana Da Silva , Leitão de Sousa Maria Ivonilde , Uchôa Sandra Catia Pereira
Published: November 2015

Com o objetivo de avaliar erodibilidade e suscetibilidade à erosão de solos sob cerrados e plantios de Acácia mangium no estado de Roraima, foram realizadas visitas nas áreas objeto de estudo para identificação geomorfopedológica e feito coleta de solo representativo de 121 perfis distribuídos nas áreas de plantio de Acacia mangium pertencentes ao projeto Ouro Verde Agrosilvopastoril Ltda. Os perfis descritos e coletados foram georreferenciados através de GPS e plotados sobre mapas de declividades no software ARCMAPE 8.0 permitindo cruzar os valores de R com a declividade. Foi avaliada as relações do tipo de solo, sua posição na paisagem e suscetibilidade a erosão. Os resultados revelaram que as áreas de estudo estão inseridas em duas unidades geomorfopedológicas distintas: Jacitara/Mucajaí/Santa Cecília (JMSta) e Serra da Lua (SL), apresentando suscetibilidade à erosão bem contrastantes; As unidades JMSta apresentam maiores valores de R, inseridas em relevo plano, com declividade entre 1% a 3%, os solos da unidade SL, apresentam menores valores de R e estão posicionados em relevo com declividade entre 3 a 13%, o que a torna mais vulneráveis a erosão; as classes de solos em ordem decrescente em valores de R são: Neossolos (RQo), Argissolos (PAd), Gleissolos (GXbd), Latossolos (LAd, LVd, LVAd, LVA Plintico), Plintossolos (FFCd), concluindo-se então, a necessidade da adoção de práticas simples de conservação de solos, tais como: plantio em curva de nível e até terraceamento.
Resposta de seis variedades de cana-de-açúcar a doses de potássio no cerrado de Roraima
Authors: Alves Júnior Hélio De Oliveira
Published: November 2015

A seleção de variedades produtivas, responsivas a adubação e adaptadas às condições edafoclimáticas local é essencial para estabelecer um cultivo sustentável da cana-de-açúcar em solos do cerrado de Roraima. Para tanto, esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a resposta de seis variedades de cana-de-açúcar a doses crescentes de potássio no cerrado de Roraima. O trabalho foi realizado em condições de campo e conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Roraima, com clima Awi em Latossolo Amarelo. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de seis variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB72454, SP81-3250, SP79-1011, SP801816, RB867515 e RB855536) e cinco doses de potássio (0, 80, 160, 240 e 320 kg ha-1 de K2O). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram aleatorizadas as doses de potássio e nas subparcelas as cultivares de cana-de-açúcar. As doses de potássio em kg ha-1 de K2O, na forma de cloreto de potássio, foi aplicado da seguinte forma: 80 kg ha-1 – 100% no plantio; 160 kg ha-1 – 50% no plantio e 50% aos 45 dias após o plantio (DAP), 240 kg ha-1 – subdividida igualmente em três épocas, sendo: plantio, 45 DAP e 90 DAP, Dose 320 kg ha-1 – 25% no plantio, 25% aos 45 DAP e 50% aos 90 DAP. Avaliou-se o número de colmos por metro, diâmetro médio do colmo, altura média dos colmos, massa média do colmo, BRIX e índice de maturação, teor de potássio na folha, produtividade de colmo total e produtividade industrial. Concluiu-se que a adição de potássio proporcionou melhor rendimento em todas as variáveis de produção, exceto no oBrix. O efeito varietal determinou maiores diferenças no rendimento das variáveis de produção, no oBrix e no índice de maturação. As variedades RB867515 e a R72454 são promissoras para cultivo no cerrado de Roraima. A variedade RB867515 se destacou em todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção do teor de potássio na folha, sendo a mais adaptada as condições experimentais. A aplicação de 80 kg ha-1 de K2O permitiu alcançar as melhores produtividades.