bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The formation of intercultural competence as one of the conditions for the introduction of European standards of the linguistic world
Authors: HARLYTSKA Tetiana
Published: June 2023

The article raises the problem of importance of intercultural competence forming, in particular among students of philology. The realization of intercultural competence is considered as one of the conditions for establishment of the European standards of language education. Modern globalization processes, expansion of intercultural contacts demand the Ukrainian education to be focused on the new level specialist – the subject of multicultural surrounding. Professional competence of specialists of different fields is impossible without possessing intercultural competence. The concept «intercultural competence» is considered as multidisciplinary phenomenon which is studied from different points of view: philosophical, cultural, sociological, psychological, pedagogical and linguodidactic. The main attention is focused of the connection of culture and language because language competence is the tool for another culture cognition and an important condition of intercultural communication.
Ukrainian education in the conditions of war and current geopolitical challenges
Authors: BABENKO Valery , IVANOVA Oksana
Published: June 2023

The war in Ukraine is regarded as an extremely important event of geopolitical scale of modern times. The article focuses on the dramatic intersection of the war, COVID-19 pandemic, and decisive stage of a new technological revolution in the world at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. It highlights the peculiarities and features of awareness of these changes, which are demonstrated by Ukrainian events. There is the feeling and some kind of premonition of existing revolutionary situation within P. McLarents’s theories of anti-pedagogy and revolutionary critical pedagogy. There is the theoretical analysis of the flaws of the mentioned theories against the background of the revolutionary practice of Ukrainian society.
Overcoming Plastic Pollution: Challenges Faced by Brazilian Policies and Perspectives for Stakeholder Engagement and Global Governance Opportunities
Authors: Faroni-Perez Larisse
Published: June 2023

This policy position paper begins with a historical overview of the invention and uses of various plastic types, particularly polyethylene, which has become the most widely used plastic commercially. It highlights the rapid growth of our dependence on plastics and the subsequent mismanagement, which has led to their omnipresent and pervasive presence as pollutants, threatening biodiversity, climate change, ocean health, economic sustainability, and human health. The paper also provides an overview of plastic draft laws proposed by lawmakers at the Brazilian Houses of Representatives, emphasizing the importance of delivering effective policies, setting targets and priorities, and aligning with global trends to address the plastic pollution crisis and transition towards a circular economy. The section on governance opportunities examines a practical recommendation specific to Brazil, and subsequently presents ambitious pathways for global standardization and implementation of Environment and Social Governance (ESG). Additionally, a policy roadmap is suggested to incorporate existing approaches, promising strategies, UN Ocean Decade targets, and address concerns identified during the negotiations among UN Member States for a binding legal agreement by 2024 (Plastic Pollution INC1). In the last section, I present practices for adapting ocean literacy and scientific knowledge for different audiences, such as lawmakers and waste pickers, to support informed decision-making processes. Additionally, I present an overview of the benefits that transitioning to a new plastic economy can bring, ranging from global to local social justice associated with the triple planetary crisis: pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Science diplomacy and stakeholder involvement are strongly recommended to find solutions to the plastic pollution problem and towards transforming the circular plastics economy.
ECONOMIC CYCLES IN TIME AND SPACE: POSSIBILITIES OF SYNTHESIS
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KLEINER GEORGE B.
Published: June 2023

A new approach to the study of the processes of emergence and completion of economic cycles has been proposed in the article. The genesis of the main chronological cycles, such as the cycles of Kondratiev (45–60 years), Kuznets (15–25 years), Juglar (7–11 years), Kitchin (3–4 years) has been associated in work with the action of economic forces of inertia, attraction, repulsion, friction. The intensity of these forces, in turn, depends on the scale and proportions of the development of economic systems of object, process, environment and project types. This approach has indicated the possibilities and factors for regulating the duration of cycles and, accordingly, the frequency of occurrence of intercycle crises. Along with the study of chronological cycles the conditions and features of the formation of spatial cycles that arise as recurring phenomena in certain closed spatial contours have been considered. The analogies and differences between chronological and spatial economic cycles have been investigated. The considerations given in the article can form the basis of a future general theory of space-time cycles.
THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DOCTRINE IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT TURNING POINT, THE TRANSITION TO A PLANNED SOCIALIST SYSTEM (N.D. KONDRATIEV, HIS ASSOCIATES — A.L. WEINSTEIN AND CONTEMPORARIES L.E. MINTS AND S.A. HEINMAN) ACCORDING TO PERSONAL MEMORIES
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, AGANBEGYAN ABEL G.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the Russian economists, contemporaries of the “chief economist of the NEP” Nikolai Kondratiev — Albert Weinstein, Lev Mints and Semyon Heynman. All of them were repressed, spent many years in exile and, after being released in the 50s, returned to scientific research, participated in the development of Russian economics science in the 1960s and 70s, engaged in applied economic research, statistical and mathematical digital models, developed proposals for the socio-economic growth of the country. The author shares personal memories of these outstanding scientists, emphasizes their significant personal contribution to the development of Russian economic science.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: FUTURE AND PAST MODELING APPROACHES
Authors:   Vladivostok State University, ROGULIN RODION S.
Published: June 2023

Due to the complexity of the systems involved in supply chains, mathematical modeling has become a necessary tool for their management. It allows for process optimization, demand forecasting, resource allocation, and identification of deficiencies. This article examines the current state of mathematical modeling in supply chain management, including various types of models, problems encountered in this field, and future trends. In addition, the use of mathematical modeling in inventory management, transportation, production planning, and supplier selection is explored. The potential of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain to revolutionize this area is also discussed. The importance of mathematical modeling in supply chain management and its potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chains is emphasized.
TARGETED EDUCATION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   ITMO National Research University, YAKUSHKINA NATALYA A. , GAVRILYUK ELENA S. ,   ITMO National Research University
Published: June 2023

Targeted education mechanism in higher education institutions is a system of personnel training for different regions and spheres of economy. An applicant signs a contract with a company which then leads to working for a period of time in this company after graduation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of personnel training mechanism for digital economy. The empirical base of the research is statistics through 2017–2022 provided by Ministry of Science and Higher Education. As a result, the key problems were determined as well as foreign experience in target training was evaluated.
Imaging the Milky Way with Millihertz Gravitational Waves
Authors: Szekerczes Kaitlyn , Noble Scott , Chirenti Cecilia , Thorpe James Ira
Published: June 2023

Modern astronomers enjoy access to all-sky images across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from long-wavelength radio to high-energy gamma rays. The most prominent feature in many of these images is our own Galaxy, with different features revealed in each wave band. Gravitational waves (GWs) have recently been added to the astronomers’ toolkit as a nonelectromagnetic messenger. To date, all identified GW sources have been extra-Galactic and transient. However, the Milky Way hosts a population of ultracompact binaries (UCBs), which radiate persistent GWs in the milliHertz band that is not observable with today’s terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors. Space-based detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna will measure this population and provide a census of their location, masses, and orbital properties. In this work, we will show how this data can be used to form a false-color image of the Galaxy that represents the intensity and frequency of the gravitational waves produced by the UCB population. Such images can be used to study the morphology of the Galaxy, identify interesting multimessenger sources through cross-matching, and for educational and outreach purposes.
A High Fraction of Heavily X-Ray-obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Carroll Christopher M. , Ananna Tonima T. , Hickox Ryan C. , Masini Alberto , Assef Roberto J. , Stern Daniel , Chen Chien-Ting J. , Lanz Lauranne
Published: June 2023

We present new estimates on the fraction of heavily X-ray-obscured, Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) out to a redshift of z ≤ 0.8. From a sample of 540 AGNs selected by mid-infrared (MIR) properties in observed X-ray survey fields, we forward model the observed-to-intrinsic X-ray luminosity ratio (

R

L

X

) with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the total fraction of CT AGNs (f
CT), many of which are missed in typical X-ray observations. We create model N
H distributions and convert these to

R

L

X

using a set of X-ray spectral models. We probe the posterior distribution of our models to infer the population of X-ray-nondetected sources. From our simulation we estimate a CT fraction of f
CT =

0.555

−
0.032

+
0.037

. We perform an X-ray stacking analysis for sources in Chandra X-ray Observatory fields and find that the expected soft (0.5–2 keV) and hard (2–7 keV) observed fluxes drawn from our model to be within 0.48 and 0.12 dex of our stacked fluxes, respectively. Our results suggests at least 50% of all MIR-selected AGNs, possibly more, are CT (N
H ≳ 1024 cm−2), which is in excellent agreement with other recent work using independent methods. This work indicates that the total number of AGNs is higher than can be identified using X-ray observations alone, highlighting the importance of a multiwavelength approach. A high f
CT also has implications for black hole (BH) accretion physics and supports models of BH and galaxy coevolution that include periods of heavy obscuration.
Nonthermal Motions and Atmospheric Heating of Cool Stars
Authors: Boro Saikia S. , Lueftinger T. , Airapetian V. S. , Ayres T. , Bartel M. , Guedel M. , Jin M. , Kislyakova K. G. , Testa P.
Published: June 2023

The magnetic processes associated with the nonthermal broadening of optically thin emission lines appear to carry enough energy to heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind. We investigate whether nonthermal motions in cool stars exhibit the same behavior as on the Sun by analyzing archival stellar spectra taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, and full-disk Solar spectra taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. We determined the nonthermal velocities by measuring the excess broadening in optically thin emission lines formed in the stellar atmosphere; the chromosphere, the transition region, and the corona. Assuming the nonthermal broadening is caused by the presence of Alfvén waves, we also determined the associated wave energy densities. Our results show that with a nonthermal velocity of ∼23 km s−1 the Sun-as-a-star results are in very good agreement with values obtained from spatially resolved solar observations. The nonthermal broadening in our sample shows a correlation to stellar rotation, with the strength of the nonthermal velocity decreasing with decreasing rotation rate. Finally, the nonthermal velocity in cool Sun-like stars varies with atmospheric height or temperature of the emission lines, and peaks at transition region temperatures. This points toward a solar-like Alfvén wave-driven heating in stellar atmospheres. However, the peak is at a lower temperature in some cool stars suggesting that other magnetic processes such as flaring events could also dominate.
Carbon–Oxygen Phase Separation in Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) White Dwarf Models
Authors: Bauer Evan B.
Published: June 2023

We enhance the treatment of crystallization for models of white dwarfs (WDs) in the stellar evolution software Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) by implementing carbon–oxygen (C/O) phase separation. The phase separation process during crystallization leads to transport of oxygen toward the centers of WDs, resulting in a more compact structure that liberates gravitational energy as additional heating that modestly slows WD cooling timescales. We quantify this cooling delay in MESA C/O WD models over the mass range 0.5–1.0 M
⊙, finding delays of 0.5–0.8 Gyr for typical C/O interior profiles. MESA WD cooling timescales including this effect are generally comparable to other WD evolution models that make similar assumptions about input physics. When considering phase separation alongside 22Ne sedimentation, however, we find that both MESA and BaSTI WD cooling models predict a more modest sedimentation delay than the latest LPCODE models, and this may therefore require a reevaluation of previously proposed solutions to some WD cooling anomalies that were based on LPCODE models of 22Ne sedimentation. Our implementation of C/O phase separation in the open-source stellar evolution software MESA provides an important tool for building realistic grids of WD cooling models, as well as a framework for expanding on our implementation to explore additional physical processes related to phase transitions and associated fluid motions in WD interiors.
The Evolving Effect of Cosmic Web Environment on Galaxy Quenching
Authors: Hasan Farhanul , Burchett Joseph N. , Abeyta Alyssa , Hellinger Douglas , Mandelker Nir , Primack Joel R. , Faber S. M. , Koo David C. , Elek Oskar , Nagai Daisuke
Published: June 2023

We investigate how cosmic web structures affect galaxy quenching in the IllustrisTNG (TNG100) cosmological simulations by reconstructing the cosmic web within each snapshot using the DisPerSE framework. We measure the comoving distance from each galaxy with stellar mass

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
≥
8

to the nearest node (d
node) and the nearest filament spine (d
fil) to study the dependence of both the median specific star formation rate (〈sSFR〉) and the median gas fraction (〈f
gas〉) on these distances. We find that the 〈sSFR〉 of galaxies is only dependent on the cosmic web environment at z < 2, with the dependence increasing with time. At z ≤ 0.5,

8
≤
log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
<
9

galaxies are quenched at d
node ≲ 1 Mpc, and have significantly suppressed star formation at d
fil ≲ 1 Mpc, trends driven mostly by satellite galaxies. At z ≤ 1, in contrast to the monotonic drop in 〈sSFR〉 of

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
<
10

galaxies with decreasing d
node and d
fil,

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
≥
10

galaxies—both centrals and satellites—experience an upturn in 〈sSFR〉 at d
node ≲ 0.2 Mpc. Much of this cosmic web dependence of star formation activity can be explained by an evolution in 〈f
gas〉. Our results suggest that in the past ∼10 Gyr, low-mass satellites are quenched by rapid gas stripping in dense environments near nodes and gradual gas starvation in intermediate-density environments near filaments. At earlier times, cosmic web structures efficiently channeled cold gas into most galaxies. State-of-the-art ongoing spectroscopic surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and DESI, as well as those planned with the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph, JWST, and Roman, are required to test our predictions against observations.
Dialogue sur la raison d’État en France aujourd’hui
Authors: Laquièze Alain , Zarka Yves Charles
Published: June 2023

Les études modernes sur les jeux de hasard et d’argent dans le monde romain se concentrent principalement sur les joueurs masculins de l’élite, mais les sources écrites et iconographiques fournissent de nombreuses preuves de la présence de joueuses de tous horizons. Cette contribution rassemble les témoignages textuels et iconographiques qui, jusqu’à présent, ont été largement négligés quant aux informations qu’ils peuvent fournir sur les femmes et le jeu dans l’Antiquité romaine. Elle explore la relation entre le jeu et le féminin, des déesses aux grands-mères, et met en lumière les implications sociales du jeu et des paris pour les joueuses. Le jeu féminin était très répandu et pouvait prendre des formes différentes dans des contextes variés. En analysant ces textes ensemble pour la première fois, nous pouvons saisir de manière plus riche et nuancée l’importance du jeu au féminin à Rome en révisant les modèles existants trop dépendants de quelques textes célèbres.
La mise en récit du monde social par la vulgarisation, entre logiques d’appropriation triviales et sociodicée
Authors: Bodin Cyrille
Published: June 2023

Nous interrogerons la place de la vulgarisation dans la communication publique des institutions scientifiques, ainsi que ses rapports à un ordre positiviste de la connaissance. La mise en récit du monde social portée par la vulgarisation, en même temps qu’elle repose sur une hiérarchisation des champs sociaux vis-à-vis des instances de construction des savoirs scientifiques, implique également une hiérarchisation des disciplines entre elles. Au-delà d’un genre littéraire réputé homogène ou d’une simple catégorie de dispositifs de médiation des sciences, la vulgarisation peut apparaître comme un récit institutionnel, de sens commun, regroupant et structurant les pratiques triviales des chercheurs autant que des médiateurs, autour d’une sociodicée contribuant à légitimer une domination d’ordre politique, tant dans les espaces publics que scientifiques.
Auteur plutôt qu’acteur de son parcours de formation
Authors: Bagorski René
Published: June 2023

Le salarié est devenu « acteur » de la construction de sa qualification et de ses compétences… Mais acteur ne signifie pas auteur. Être acteur, c’est jouer un rôle écrit par d’autres, sous l’autorité d’un metteur en scène, dans un cadre déterminé. On demande à l’acteur d’interpréter, une situation, d’incarner un rôle, de créer un personnage dans un cadre précis. Être auteur, c’est écrire son propre scénario, déterminer ses propres objectifs, en fonction de ses désirs. Chaque actif dispose aujourd’hui d’un compte « personnel » de formation, certes, mais son utilisation ne peut se faire que dans les limites imposées par l’employeur, les branches professionnelles, l’État… L’individu reste donc acteur de son parcours… à condition qu’il réponde aux besoins de l’économie.
La Pologne en élections
Authors: Potel Jean-Yves
Published: June 2023

Les élections de 2023 en Pologne posent la question des formes de la rupture avec l’autoritarisme, dans un contexte où la solidarité des Polonais avec l’Ukraine se heurte aux discours eurosceptiques de leurs dirigeants.
L’attractivité de l’hôpital public
Authors: Gerain-Breuzard Marie-Noëlle , Richard Isabelle , Fournier Alexandre , Spinhirny Frédéric
Published: June 2023

La crise des ressources humaines du système de santé tient à une certaine usure de la compassion, dans un hôpital public bureaucratisé et des conditions de travail contraignantes. Mais il est possible d’orienter le système vers davantage de prévention.
La fabrique territoriale de la santé
Authors: Ginot Luc , Verdier Amélie
Published: June 2023

Agir sur les besoins de santé et la réponse sanitaire à l’échelle d’un territoire permet de prendre en compte les inégalités, notamment par la participation des habitants, la médiation en santé et les cadres partenariaux.
La révolution numérique de la santé
Authors: Bubien Yann , Vuiblet Vincent
Published: June 2023

L’intelligence artificielle et le métavers contribuent à l’optimisation du système de santé et de la formation du personnel soignant. Mais l’écueil d’un appauvrissement de la culture médicale et les risques économiques rendent un encadrement humain nécessaire.
Les soins palliatifs au fil du temps : entre dérive et retour aux fondements
Authors: Martineau Isabelle , Vachon Mélanie
Published: June 2023

Initialement pensés en réponse au problème de la « mauvaise mort » en occident, déniée et médicalisée, les soins palliatifs (SP) ont connu de tels changements au fil des décennies que certains les accusent désormais de participer aux travers qu’ils dénonçaient. On leur reproche notamment de contribuer à une médecine techniciste et contrôlante dont ils se voulaient pourtant l’antithèse. Face à ces tiraillements, les SP devraient-ils rompre avec leurs idéaux ou, à l’inverse, chercher à renouer avec leurs principes moraux fondateurs ? Après une analyse de l’évolution vécue dans le temps par cette discipline, l’idée d’un retour aux sources, à travers les Communautés Compatissantes (CC), sera abordée.
Patient·e·s, soins palliatifs et assistance au suicide : comment honorer les valeurs de chacun ?
Authors: Bonvin Rita
Published: June 2023

Les 17 et 18 novembre 2022 a eu lieu à Genève l’événement « La mort, une liberté à inventer », organisé par Uni3 Genève en partenariat avec l’Université de Genève, la fondation Brocher et le Musée d’ethnographie de Genève (MEG) [1]. Bernard Crettaz, sociologue suisse bien connu pour ses travaux autour de la mort et pour ses Cafés mortels, y a participé et son décès subit, quelques semaines plus tard, donne un relief particulier à cet événement. Son invitation perpétuelle à se pencher sur notre condition de mortel, en toute sincérité, sans complaisance ni pathos, constitue une référence en Suisse francophone. Cette contribution infirmière sur les soins palliatifs et l’assistance au suicide était destinée à être présentée oralement, vous le constaterez par le ton qui l’anime. Elle s’inscrit dans un contexte politique de législation sur la fin de vie concernant les soins palliatifs et le suicide assisté dans le canton du Valais (Suisse). Fortement ancrée dans le terrain, elle s’appuie sur les fondamentaux des soins palliatifs (Cicely Saunders) et du Care (Joan Tronto) et offre différents angles de vision sur l’articulation concrète des choix et des valeurs à la fin de la vie. Cette contribution souhaite engager une discussion ouverte et claire sur cette question essentielle : est-ce que mes valeurs, quelles qu’elles soient, tant du côté soignant que patient, peuvent s’exercer de manière unilatérale, sans tenir compte de l’Autre ?
Young returnees' sustainability of return: The case of Bulgaria
Authors: Misheva Mihaela , Getova Antoaneta
Published: June 2023

Return migration flow to Bulgaria is constant but not high, except for the past two years. Here, we argue that subjective and objective reasons should both be considered in line to explain life prospects of young returnees at home. An innovative approach to balancing the subjective-objective dichotomy in return migration phenomena is measuring sustainability of return through re-emigration, captured by and tested through a re-emigration index based on a national representative survey of returning Bulgarian migrants. The main hypothesis is that the sustainability of the return of young people depends on a complex group of factors, including social and emotional motives. The main findings are about the magnitude of the return migration flow and its sustainability: The factors for the return of young Bulgarians in the pre-Covid research show strong non-economic character, which intensifies in times of crisis. There are no significantly different tendencies for re-emigration/return among young people compared with all returnees.
Multi-directional gated recurrent unit and convolutional neural network for load and energy forecasting: A novel hybridization
Authors: Abid Fazeel , Alam Muhammad , Alamri Faten S. , Siddique Imran
Published: June 2023

Energy operations and schedules are significantly impacted by load and energy forecasting systems. An effective system is a requirement for a sustainable and equitable environment. Additionally, a trustworthy forecasting management system enhances the resilience of power systems by cutting power and load-forecast flaws. However, due to the numerous inherent nonlinear properties of huge and diverse data, the classical statistical methodology cannot appropriately learn this non-linearity in data. Energy systems can appropriately evaluate data and regulate energy consumption because of advanced techniques. In comparison to machine learning, deep learning techniques have lately been used to predict energy consumption as well as to learn long-term dependencies. In this work, a fusion of novel multi-directional gated recurrent unit (MD-GRU) with convolutional neural network (CNN) using global average pooling (GAP) as hybridization is being proposed for load and energy forecasting. The spatial and temporal aspects, along with the high dimensionality of the data, are addressed by employing the capabilities of MD-GRU and CNN integration. The obtained results are compared to baseline algorithms including CNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU). The experimental findings indicate that the proposed approach surpasses conventional approaches in terms of accuracy, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RSME).
ICT students' perceptions towards ChatGPT: An experimental reflective lab analysis
Authors: Elkhodr Mahmoud , Gide Ergun , Wu Robert , Darwish Omar
Published: June 2023

This study explores the use of the Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tool ChatGPT in higher education. Amidst the potential benefits and the risk of misuse, this research investigates the tool's role as a classroom aid and its impact on learning outcomes and experiences. Three case studies involving undergraduate and postgraduate ICT students were conducted. Findings revealed a positive perception of ChatGPT as a useful and enjoyable learning resource. Most students indicated a willingness to use such AI tools in the future. Additionally, the study suggested improved performance in functionality, user flow, and content comprehension among students using ChatGPT, compared to those relying solely on traditional search engines.
Potentialités et faiblesses des recensements démographiques de 2010 et de 2022 pour l’étude du travail domestique rémunéré au Brésil
Authors: Myrrha Luana Junqueira Dias , Cleaver Ana Julieta Teodoro , Guerra Maria de Fátima Lage , Fusco Wilson
Published: June 2023

Dans cet article, nous analysons les
potentialités et les faiblesses des recensements démographiques de
2010 et 2022 pour les études sur le travail domestique rémunéré au
Brésil. À cette fin, nous présentons les caractéristiques des
principales sources de données statistiques brésiliennes et discutons
des différences, avantages et inconvénients des deux recensements en
vue d’études sur le sujet. Enfin, nous examinons quelques statistiques
sur le travail domestique rémunéré à partir des résultats du
recensement de 2010.
Les régimes de visibilité du recensement des favelas de Rio de Janeiro (1950)
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Silva Rodrigues de
Published: June 2023

Cet article analyse la mise en œuvre, en 1950,
des recensements des favelas par l’Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e
Estatística (IBGE), ainsi que les régimes de visibilité des
statistiques produites. Il s’attache particulièrement aux choix
d’Alberto Passos Guimarães en faveur de la construction d’une
visualisation cartographique des favelas et au travail du photographe
professionnel Mozart Alves da Silva, notamment à son reportage
photographique illustrant la publication des résultats du recensement
dans la revue O Observador
Econômico e Financeiro.
Au-delà du paradigme ethno-génétique : les évangéliques judaïsant brésiliens et leur projet ethnique
Authors: Carpenedo Manoela
Published: June 2023

Cet article examine l’identification ethnique
juive des pentecôtistes brésiliens en se fondant sur l’ethnographie
d’une communauté évangélique judaïsante. Cette identification est liée
au démantèlement des discours de mestiçagem [métissage] au Brésil.
L’adoption de récits multiculturels a favorisé une transition
discursive et contribué à l’émergence de revivals ethnoreligieux inspirés du
judaïsme. Cet article indique également les limites que revêtent les
approches ethnogénétiques pour comprendre les revivalismes
ethnoreligieux au Brésil.
Prevalence of MLSB Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi
Authors: Grover Malika , Goyal Nisha , Gangar Seema , Singh Narendra Pal
Published: June 2023

Against the backdrop of the ever-changing Staphylococcal resistance pattern, clindamycin remains a viable therapeutic alternative Variation of Clindamycin drug resistance patterns with geographic area make inducible clindamycin resistance testing imperative for all staphylococcal isolates to avoid therapeutic failure. This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 1.5 years from January 2021 until June 2022. Prevalence of different MLSB Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was determined by standard disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Pyogenic samples received in the Microbiology lab that yielded Staphylococcus aureus were further tested for the presence of clindamycin resistance by disc diffusion method. Out of 6586 total pyogenic and respiratory specimens received in the lab, Staphylococcus aureus was yielded in 752 samples. On further testing for the MLSB phenotypes, 16.3% isolates were found to be iMLSB, 19.28% were cMLSB, 43.1% were of MSB type. ICR screening will reduce the unessential subjection of the patient to the antibiotic, and would prevent unnecessary adverse effects in the patients.
Efficacy of Adding a Distal Level Block to a C2 Level Greater Occipital Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance in Chronic Migraine
Authors: Guner Derya , Bilgin Sule
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To investigate the benefit of adding a distal level greater occipital nerve (GON) block to the proximal level GON block under ultrasound guidance in patients with chronic migraine (CM) with cutaneous allodynia (CA).

Methods:

Seventy-eight patients with CM were included. A single US-guided GON block was performed at proximal and distal levels in patients with CM with CA and only at the proximal level in patients with CM without CA. Thirty (38.5%) patients with bilateral pain received bilateral GON blocks, and 48 (61.5%) with unilateral pain received unilateral GON blocks. The patients were evaluated using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores before treatment and 1 and 4 weeks after treatment and through Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results:

The NRS scores significantly decreased at first and fourth weeks, and the HIT-6 scores significantly decreased at fourth week (p < 0.001) compared with preintervention scores in all groups. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the postinterventional first and fourth week when the decreases of NRS and HIT-6 scores were compared (p = 0.599). There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral GON blocks (p > 0.001).

Conclusion:

A single US-guided GON block is an effective and safe treatment option in patients with CM, providing a positive effect on pain and quality of life for 4 weeks. The addition of a distal level GON block to the proximal level GON block provides no extra benefit to patients with CM with CA.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Neurological Conditions: Review of Concept and Methods
Authors: Mishra Biswamohan , Sudheer Pachipala , Agarwal Ayush , Srivastava M. Vasantha Padma , Nilima  , Vishnu Venugopalan Y.
Published: June 2023

The concept of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) emerged from the recognition that statistical significance alone is not enough to determine the clinical relevance of treatment effects in clinical research. In many cases, statistically significant changes in outcomes may not be meaningful to patients or may not result in any tangible improvements in their health. This has led to a growing emphasis on the importance of measuring patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical trials and other research studies, in order to capture the patient perspective on treatment effectiveness. MCID is defined as the smallest change in scores that is considered meaningful or important to patients. MCID is particularly important in fields such as neurology, where many of the outcomes of interest are subjective or based on patient-reported symptoms. This review discusses the challenges associated with interpreting outcomes of clinical trials based solely on statistical significance, highlighting the importance of considering clinical relevance and patient perception of change. There are two main approaches to estimating MCID: anchor-based and distribution-based. Anchor-based approaches compare change scores using an external anchor, while distribution-based approaches estimate MCID values based on statistical characteristics of scores within a sample. MCID is dynamic and context-specific, and there is no single ‘gold standard’ method for estimating it. A range of MCID thresholds should be defined using multiple methods for a disease under targeted intervention, rather than relying on a single absolute value. The use of MCID thresholds can be an important tool for researchers, neurophysicians and patients in evaluating the effectiveness of treatments and interventions, and in making informed decisions about care.
Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome Due to Thymic Neuro-Endocrine Tumor – A Case Report from Bangladesh
Authors: Amiruzzaman Md. , Ansari M A Jalil , Prasad Indrajit , Saifuddin Mohammad , Islam Moinul , Sharifuzzaman Mirza , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Das Eshita , Rafiquzzaman Md. , Biswas Gobinda
Published: June 2023

A 13-year-old girl presented with episodic features suggestive of Cushing's syndrome. She was evaluated and diagnosed with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome due to a thymic tumor. The thymic lesion was excised, and histopathology confirmed thymic carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. The postoperative problems and further treatment options have been discussed in this case report.
An unusual case of chronic osteomyelitis in a 4-year-old male child: A case report
Authors: Chattpadhyay Subhra , Sharma Nikhil , Adhikari Subhadip , Biswas Subir Pratim
Published: June 2023

Chronic osteomyelitis is a complex and devastating surgical disease with a variety of etiologies and a multimodal approach towards its treatment. The aim of treatment is eradication of infection and restoration of function of the limb with surgical management being the cornerstone of treatment. Despite the need of surgical debridement in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, the reliable radiological and tissue diagnosis along with appropriate antimicrobial therapy is paramount for the success of treatment. Biofilm forms the most notorious reason for persistence of infection in a bone and needs thorough debridement till only viable tissue is left behind. Control of chronic osteomyelitis is challenging for the surgeons even today and demands patience from both the surgeon and the patient. Here, we are going to report an unusual case of osteomyelitis in a 4 year of male child.
Management of sequelae of osteoarticular infections of infants and neonates due to delay in initiation of definitive treatment
Authors: Makur Sayantan , Karmakar Arnab , Das Nilay Kanti
Published: June 2023

Background:

Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are well-known osteoarticular infections in infants and neonates. The timely intervention of such infections is of utmost importance as delay in initiation of treatment may lead to irreversible joint damage and limb deformity also. The purpose of this study was not only to find out the sequelae of osteoarticular infections of infants and neonates due to delay in initiation of a definitive treatment but also to propose their management.

Materials & Methods:

This study was conducted after approval by the institutional review board. All neonates and infants with sequelae of osteoarticular infection due to delay in initiation of treatment from June 2019 to May 2021 were included in this study. Data for each patient were collected using the Hosp Gestor program. Various sequelae of osteoarticular infection were noted and then rehabilitative surgical management was done.

Results:

Out of 40 neonates and infants who got a delay in initiation of their treatment of osteoarticular infection, 31 (77%) came out with sequelae of osteoarticular infection. There was male predominance in this study. Sequelae were more due to osteoarticular infection of septic arthritis (53%) as compared with osteomyelitis (43%). Hip joint was found to be affected more. All patients were treated for their sequelae with rehabilitative operations. Among rehabilitative operations, hip reconstructive surgery was the most common procedure. The greater the delay in initiation of treatment in the acute stage, the more severe the sequelae.

Conclusion:

Early detection and institutional visit resulted in good outcomes. This study proves the truth behind the fact that delay in diagnosis and initiation of definitive treatment causes more complications and sequelae. This study also serves as a clinical guide to identify risk factors, awareness about early detection, and effective institutional treatment of osteoarticular infections in infants and neonates.
Two Rare Cases of Septal, Annular, Valvular, and Ventricular Disorders
Authors: Mishra Biswaranjan
Published: June 2023

Ventricular noncompaction is thought to occur due to the arrest of maturation of the myocardium during fetal development. It may be confined to one or both ventricles. The spectrum of noncompaction varies from an incidental finding to severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction or may manifest as ventricular arrhythmia and thromboembolism. It is known to be associated with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Annular disjunction is an established morphological entity involving the mitral annulus commonly; although uncommon, it may also involve the tricuspid annulus. Annular disjunction is also commonly associated with atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation of various degrees. Association of annular disjunction and AV valve prolapse is known to be associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmia and even sudden cardiac death. The combination of CHD, bi-ventricular non-compaction, annular disjunction, and AV valve prolapse with regurgitation is extremely rare; each of these conditions will be additive to worsen prognosis. Here is a report of two such cases of rare combinations of widely varying morphological features. Whether these morphological alterations are coincidental or a link exists is speculative.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients and its Impact on Thrombus in the Coronaries
Authors: Jayagopal P. B , Omnath R.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Higher thrombus load and poorer outcomes have been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The presence of antibodies to the COVID-19 infection has been linked to excess thrombus. This retrospective study compared the thrombus burden and outcomes in STEMI during primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction (PAMI) between the two groups with Sars antibody positive (SAP) and Sars antibody negative (SAN).

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PAMI from November 2020 to July 2021 admitted to this single center were included. All patients were ruled out for an active infection by a negative rapid antigen and subsequently by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Participants were divided into SAP and SAN groups based on COVID-19 antibody results performed with the Roche kit. The primary aim was to compare thrombus load, coronary risk factors, and demographic characteristics between SAP and SAN patients and the secondary aim was to compare the inhospital and 30-day mortality between the two groups after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Results:

The study included 261 consecutive STEMI patients (≥18 years; average age: 60.32 + 11.5 [standard deviation]). COVID antibody test results were available for 177 patients (36 SAP and 141 SAN), and these patients were included in the analysis; 144 were male, and 33 were female. There was no significant difference in baseline demographic characteristics between the two groups. Inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (P = 0.479), troponin-T (P = 0.466), or D-dimer (P = 0.681) levels, and thrombus load status (G0 to G5) were not statistically significantly different (P = 0.344) between the two groups. Two patients in the SAP group and none in the SAN group (P = 0.005) died. The 30-day mortality rate (one patient in each group; P = 0.272) was not statistically significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Positive COVID-19 antibody levels in the blood did not produce changes in thrombus load and presentation in STEMI PAMI patients. The inhospital mortality rates and 30-day mortality rates were not affected by the antibody levels to COVID-19 infection.
De Winter’s Pattern: An Unusual Electrocardiographic Pattern to Recognize
Authors: Ruhela Manish , Ola Rakesh Kumar , Bagarhatta Rajeev
Published: June 2023

De Winter syndrome is a rare electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern that makes the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) very challenging. Our case indicates that the early identification and diagnosis of such ECGs and timely reperfusion therapy of de Winter syndrome as an STEMI equivalent are required to improve the prognosis of such patients.
Histogenesis of Parotid Gland in Human Fetuses
Authors: Chakraborty Dipanjana , Devi Aribam Jaishree
Published: June 2023

Background:

The present study attempted to find out the histological changes of parotid gland in the developing human fetuses.

Materials and Methods:

Parotid glands from 60 fresh fetuses of gestational weeks ranging from 12weeks to term were studied after staining with Hematoxylene & Eosin, Masson’s Trichome stain, Van Gieson’s stain and Verhoeff’s stains.

Results:

The gland of the fetus at 12 weeks composed of solid epithelial cords with occasional canalization, surrounded by loose mesenchyme. Canalization of cords was completed at 25 weeks and adult picture attained at 36 weeks. Division of the glandular parenchyma into lobes and lobules by connective tissue septa started at 17 weeks. A well formed capsule was seen around the gland at 20 weeks. A gradual decrease in intra-glandular connective tissue occurred in late gestational age. Variety of cells such as fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, fibrocytes and lymphocytes were seen. Numerous adipocytes were found within the glandular parenchyma and around the gland. Ductal tree showed gradual differentiation, presence of cilia-like surface projections from epithelia of larger ducts were seen in 14-32 week fetuses.

Conclusion:

When compared with various authors, some findings of the present study followed the foot-steps of previous workers whereas some were in contrary, the most important difference being the age of full maturation of the glandular architecture. One of the unique finding being the presence of cilia-like surface projections seen in the larger ducts in 14-32 week aged fetuses.
Study of the Histomorphology of Human Pineal Gland
Authors: Singh Gyanraj , Sethi Sudhansu Sekhar , Das Sudeepa , Mohapatra Chinmayi
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Histologically, the pineal gland shows pinealocytes, glial cells, and sometimes calcific concretions. Age-related changes in these three components have been reported by various workers. However, a statistically significant difference between the two sexes has not been found. This study was conducted to find out morphological and histological changes in human pineal gland in relation to advancing age and in relation to gender.

Methodology:

Forty pineal glands were taken for the study. The pineal glands were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed. Slides for microanatomical study were prepared and observed under microscope.

Results:

The size of the pinealocytes, size of their nuclei, and number of glial cells increased with age, but it was not significant. The number of pinealocytes decreased with age (P = 0.02). The size of the calcific concretions increased with age (P = 0.02). The difference in size of pinealocytes, nuclei of the pinealocytes, and the number of pinealocytes between genders was not significant. The difference in the number of glial cells between genders was significant (P = 0.03). The difference in the number of concentric lamellated type of calcific concretions between genders was significant (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

A histological study of pineal gland in human is an area of interest for anatomists, radiologists, and neurologists. This study has paved a way for us for further research using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Comprehensive analysis of research outcomes from selected Indian Council of Medical Research Institutes
Authors: Subramani Saravanakumaran , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan
Published: June 2023

Background:

Given the importance of the ICMR in shaping the research landscape in India, it is essential to understand the research outcomes produced by the various ICMR institutes over the years.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aimed to analyze the research outcomes from the top six selected Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) institutes over a period of 33 years, from 1989 to 2021.

Materials and Methods:

The six ICMR institutes analyzed were the National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, the National Institute of Malaria Research, the National Institute of Nutrition, and National Institute of Virology.

Results:

A total of 8174 research outcomes were identified, including research articles, review articles, and meeting abstracts. The study analyzed the relative growth rate and doubling time, document types, top journals and research areas, and collaborations and funding agencies associated with these outcomes. The study found that there was a steady growth in research productivity over the years, although a decline was observed in 2021, possibly due to the COVID19 pandemic. The study also identified specific institutes that had the maximum number of publications in certain fields, such as immunology.

Conclusion:

The study's findings can provide valuable insights for policymakers, funding agencies, and researchers interested in understanding the research landscape and trends in India..