bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A modelling process of short-term interest rate risk management for the South African commercial banking sector
Authors: Sun Jiaqi , Van Rooyen J.H.
Published: February 2017

This study focuses on banking book interest rate risk (IRR) management, more specifically short-term IRR management (SIRR). This type of risk is partly induced by the inflation targeting policy of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). As a result, inflation leads to an uncertain interest rate cycle and a period of uncertain interest rate levels as it relates to lending and borrowing activities in the South African commercial banking sector. This study highlights what causes short-term interest rate risk and how the banks may forecast and manage the SIRR with reference to the inflation targeting policy. The banking industry manages a high volume of fund transactions and portfolios of investments. The banks are intricately involved in the financial markets and are therefore exposed to a large number of risk factors. A sound banking system is an important prerequisite for a country’s future economic development. One key empirical finding of this research is that 50 per cent of the South African banks agree that loans that cannot undergo immediate rate adjustments are exposed to the repo-rate adjustment after the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting. Banks surveyed see the need for the development of a short-term interest rate risk (SIRR) management process to better control such repo-rate risk. The next key empirical finding is that interest rate risk is still managed via traditional repricing gap and sensitivity analysis which is not ideal for risk management due to inherent weaknesses (such as not quantifying capital risk exposure). This agrees with the Pricewaterhousecoopers Balance Sheet Management benchmark survey
Heat transfer in natural convection flow of nanofluid along a vertical wavy plate with variable heat flux
Authors: Mustafa Irfan , Javed Tariq
Published: February 2017

The present analysis is concerned to examine the enhancement of heat transfer in natural convection flow of nanofluid through a vertical wavy plate assumed at variable heat flux. The rate of heat transfer in nanofluid flow as compared to pure water can be increased due to increase the density of nanofluid which depends on the density and concentration of nanoparticles. For this analysis, Tiwari and Das model is used by considering two nanoparticles i. e. Al2O3 and Cu are suspended in a base fluid (water). A very efficient implicit finite difference technique converges quadratically is applied on the concerning PDE for numerical solution. The effects of pertinent parameters namely, volume fraction parameter of nanoparticle, wavy surface amplitude, Prandtl number and exponent of variable heat flux on streamlines, isothermal lines, local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are shown through graphs. In this analysis, a maximum heat transfer rate is noted in Cu-water nanofluid through a vertical wavy surface as compared to Al2O3-water and pure water.
ENVIRONMENTAL DIVERSITY IN BODY POSTURE OF SIX-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Trzcińska Dorota , Świderska Dorota , Tabor Piotr , Olszewska Elżbieta
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Body posture is a somatic characteristic essential for the biological development of the child, especially in the periods of rapid growth and those associated with changes in lifestyle. Its lability and dimorphic and ontogenetic variability cause a lot of controversy. Doubts are also raised by environmental diversity of this development feature. Hence, the purpose of the studies undertaken is the comparative evaluation of postures of six-year-old children in urban and rural areas. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2011-2013. A total of 1057 children, including the 371 boys and girls from the Warsaw agglomeration and 147 boys and 168 girls from the rural environment in the Lublin region were subjects of the study. The average age was 5.87 (± 0.30) years. Posture in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes was diagnosed by a visual method using scanning technique. In the mathematical analysis of numerical data the selected techniques of descriptive statistics and Student's t-test and chi-square test were used. Results. The differences in body posture between the environments in favor of the children from the rural areas emerged most strongly in the sagittal plane. They related to posture components such as: setting of the shoulders and shoulder blades (boys and girls), abdominal bulge (boys) and the position of the head (girls). In the assessment of the lower extremities the study demonstrated favorable condition knees in rural children as compared with their peers from the city. The only element of posture better shaped in the urban subgroup was the size of thoracic kyphosis. Conclusions. Established posture quality - treated as one of the positive measures of health - allows for a higher rating of this school readiness component in lowly urbanized residential areas. The complexity of posture diagnostics and lability and variability of the analyzed somatic characteristics dictate caution in formulating radical and definitive opinions on the importance of urbanization as posturogenesis condition.
Effects of silicon on characteristics of dynamic strain aging in a near-α titanium alloy
Authors: Prasad Kartik , Kumar Vikas , Rao Kota Bhanu Sankara , Sundararaman Mahadevan
Published: February 2017

The effects of temperature and strain rate on the tensile properties of Timetal 834 near-α titanium alloy and alloy 834 without silicon were examined in the temperature range of 250 °C to 600 °C, employing strain rates in the range of 6.67 × 10−6 s−1 to 6.67 × 10−3 s−1. Manifestations of dynamic strain aging such as serrated flow, plateaus in the variations of 0.2 % yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, peak in strain hardening exponent with temperature and negative strain rate sensitivity were observed in both the alloys. Serration maps in terms of strain rate versus temperature are presented for both the alloys. The activation energy for serrated flow was determined in both the alloys by employing various methodologies mentioned in the literature. Analysis of the results suggested that addition of Si leads to increased severity of dynamic strain aging.
Registration of ‘New Hope’ Chickpea Cultivar with Enhanced Resistance to Ascochyta Blight
Authors: Urrea Carlos A. , Muehlbauer Fred J. , Harveson Robert M.
Published: February 2017

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar New Hope (Reg. No. CV‐315, PI 679590), a large, cream‐colored, kabuli type, is a F8:13 line obtained from the cross CA9990B1895C/CA9890233W. CA9990B1895C is a F4 line derived from the cross of FLIP91‐021/ ‘Sanford’. CA9890233W was an F6 selection from the cross of ‘Blanco Lechoso’/*2/CA188620. New Hope was selected specifically for adaptation to Nebraska growing conditions and for enhanced resistance to Ascochyta blight, a major disease of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. Under nonfungicide conditions (natural infection), New Hope had significantly lower (P < 0.05) incidence and severity of Ascochyta blight compared with the commercial kabuli cultivars ‘CDC Orion’, ‘Sierra’, and ‘HB‐14’ in 2012, and compared with CDC Orion, ‘CDC Frontier’, Sierra, and HB‐14 in 2015. In both 2012 and 2015, incidence of Ascochyta blight in New Hope was similar to that of resistant germplasm line PHREC‐Ca‐Comp. #1, released in 2011. Across years (2012–2015) and environments (fungicide protected, nonprotected), yield of New Hope did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the other cultivars. New Hope exhibits an upright indeterminate growth habit. Plants average 43 cm tall and have excellent lodging resistance. New Hope has a compound leaf structure and white blossoms and flowers 44 d after planting. It is a midseason chickpea maturing 105 d after planting. Seed size meets commercial standards.
Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on Raising Plants from Stem Cuttings of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in The Nursery
Authors: Hoque Mohammed Enamul
Published: February 2017

A field experiment was conducted at the central nursery of tea extension center of Bangladesh Tea Board in Bandarban during September to November, 2015 to determine the precise concentration of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on propagation through stem cuttings of tea. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four treatments of IBA concentrations: 0 ppm (Control), 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm and each treatment was replicated four times. Basal part of tea (BT-2 variety) cuttings were dipped in different IBA concentrations for five seconds. Then these cuttings were dibbled into prepared soil mixture as rooting media. Cuttings were exposed to the rooting media for 90 days and then they all were removed carefully to assess the variation of establishment of cuttings. IBA treated cuttings showed better effect on the rooting rate, root length, root number, shoot length and survival rate compared to the control. It was noted that cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA produced the highest rooting rate 79.85%, the highest survival rate 57.60% and the highest root length of 4.85 cm followed by treatment 6000 ppm IBA. In case of all parameters, effects of the treatments 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm of IBA were statistically similar. Positive and strong correlation was observed both in rooting rate versus survival rate and root length versus shoot length in IBA treated cuttings. Thus, IBA at 4000 ppm concentration was recommended for establishment of stem cuttings of tea (BT-2 variety) in the nursery.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 124-129
Subspecialties of Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Mahmood Manzoor , Hoque Harisul
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableUniversity Heart Journal Vol. 11, No. 2, July 2015; 54-55
“Agapē” and Synonyms in the New Testament Translations of St. Thomas More
Authors: O’Donnell Anne M.
Published: February 2017

This article examines translations for the Greek word “agapē” and its synonyms in versions of the New Testament: Thomas More used Latin versions of NT (Vulgate, Erasmus) and made his own English translations. In Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529) and Confutation of Tyndale (1532-1533), More criticizes Tyndale’s New Testament (1526) for translating “agapē” as “love” not “charity.” Opposing Luther’s “sola fide,” More argues for faith infused with charity. More quotes Paul’s Hymn of Charity (1 Cor 13) in his polemical works or meditates on the Passion of Christ in his prison writings. This study also notes some translations of “agapē” by the Vulgate, Erasmus, and Tyndale.
Textual Encounters in an Age of Transition: Thomas More’s Translations between ‘Medieval’ and ‘Humanist’ Literary Culture
Authors: Schmidt Gabriela
Published: February 2017

Unlike the martyr, the politician and the humanist, Thomas More, the translator, has received little critical attention to date. Nonetheless, a remarkable number of More’s writings, especially during the early 1500s, were either direct translations or indirect transformations of foreign literary traditions. It is precisely his output as a translator that reveals More to be a transitional figure, who was as thoroughly aware of the trends in late medieval and early humanist literature in the vernacular as he was closely involved with the new humanist learning brought into England through Erasmus and his circle. By examining some of More’s early translations and imitations and placing them within the context of similar contemporary works, this article intends to present the rapidly changing literary culture of the early Tudor years as a crucial period of transition, whose complex variety can hardly be grasped through the simple binary opposition between ‘medieval’ and ‘humanist’.
Suffering and Spiritedness: The Doctrine of Comfort and the Drama of Thumos in More’s Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation
Authors: Stevenson William B.
Published: February 2017

This study examines the relationship between comfort, understood as an interior strengthening or emboldening, and the spirited element of the soul—that element which Plato and Aristotle called thumos. In the Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, More follows his Greek precursors in regarding the spirited element as that part of the person which alone can unite the reason and the passions, making for human wholeness. More also follows Plato in using the dialogue form as a mode of psychagogia, or statesmanly soul-leading, whereby he elicits in the soul of the attentive and involved reader the same comfort which Antony calls forth in Vincent. The dialogue demonstrates how comfort requires arousing the spirited element in the soul, especially in its honor- and victory-loving aspect (Vincent’s name is in fact redolent of this aspect of thumos.) But the kind of comfort which concerns More is supernatural in its origin and final end. This study will show how in his knowledge of the causes and conditions of supernatural comfort, More amply demonstrates that he is a theologian no less than a statesman or literary artist.
The Origin and Structure of the Magnetic Fields and Currents of AGN Jets
Authors: Gabuzda Denise
Published: February 2017

This paper reviews observational evidence obtained to date about the overall structure of the magnetic ﬁelds in the jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Because they are sensitive to the line-of-sight magnetic-ﬁeld component, Faraday rotation observations of AGN jets provide an effective tool for searching for toroidal jet magnetic ﬁelds, whose line-of-sight component changes systematically across the jet. Transverse Faraday rotation measure (RM) gradients providing direct evidence for helical/toroidal magnetic ﬁelds have been reliably detected in nearly 40 AGN on parsec scales. Helical magnetic ﬁelds are believed to form due to the combined action of the rotation of the central black hole and accretion disk, and these observations demonstrate that at least some of this helical ﬁeld survives to distances well beyond the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) core. Observations of reversals in the direction of the transverse RM gradients in a number of AGN provide evidence for a“return”magnetic ﬁeld forming a nested helical-ﬁeld structure with oppositely directed azimuthal components in the inner and outer regions of the helical magnetic ﬁeld. The collected data now provide ﬁrm evidence for a predominance of inward jet currents on parsec scales and outward currents on scales greater than a few tens of parsecs. This suggests a global pattern of magnetic ﬁelds and currents with an inward current near the jet axis and an outward current farther from the jet axis, with these currents closing in the accretion disk and far out in the radio lobes, forming a self-consistent set of ﬁelds and currents together with the implied nested helical-ﬁeld structure.
Theoretical Study of Intramolecular Interactions in Peri-Substituted Naphthalenes: Chalcogen and Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Sánchez–Sanz Goar , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: February 2017

A theoretical study of the peri interactions, both intramolecular hydrogen (HB) and chalcogen bonds (YB), in 1-hydroxy-8YH-naphthalene, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-di-YH-naphthalene, and 1,5-dihydroxy-4,8-di-YH-naphthalene, with Y = O, S, and Se was carried out. The systems with a OH:Y hydrogen bond are the most stable ones followed by those with a chalcogen O:Y interaction, those with a YH:O hydrogen bond (Y = S and Se) being the least stable ones. The electron density values at the hydrogen bond critical points indicate that they have partial covalent character. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis shows stabilization due to the charge transfer between lone pair orbitals towards empty Y-H that correlate with the interatomic distances. The electron density shift maps and non-covalent indexes in the different systems are consistent with the relative strength of the interactions. The structures found on the CSD were used to compare the experimental and calculated results.
Extraction of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) Seed Oil Using Subcritical Butane: Characterization and Process Optimization
Authors: Gu Ling-Biao , Liu Xiao-Ning , Liu Hua-Min , Pang Hui-Li , Qin Guang-Yong
Published: February 2017

In this study, the subcritical butane extraction process of fenugreek seed oil was optimized using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for extracted oil from fenugreek seed was as follows: extraction temperature of 43.24 °C , extraction time of 32.80 min, and particle size of 0.26 mm. No significant differences were found between the experimental and predicted values. The physical and chemical properties of the oil showed that the oil could be used as edible oil. Fatty acid composition of oils obtained by subcritical butane under the optimum conditions and by accelerated solvent extraction showed negligible difference. The oils were rich in linoleic acid (42.71%–42.80%), linolenic acid (26.03%-26.15%), and oleic acid (14.24%-14.40%). The results revealed that the proposed method was feasible, and this essay shows the way to exploit fenugreek seeds by subcritical butane extraction under the scope of edible oils.
An Efficient Method for the Preparative Isolation and Purification of Flavonoid Glycosides and Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives from Leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Using High Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) and Prep-HPLC Guided by DPPH-HPLC Experiments
Authors: Wang Daijie , Du Ning , Wen Lei , Zhu Heng , Liu Feng , Wang Xiao , Du Jinhua , Li Shengbo
Published: February 2017

In this work, the n-butanol extract from leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) was reacted with DPPH and subjected to a HPLC analysis for the guided screening antioxidants (DPPH-HPLC experiments). Then, nine antioxidants, including flavonoid glycosides and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, were isolated and purified from leaves of L. japonica using high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and prep-HPLC. The n-butanol extract was firstly isolated by HSCCC using methyl tert-butyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (0.5% acetic acid) (2:2:1:5, v/v), yielding five fractions F1, F2 (rhoifolin), F3 (luteoloside), F4 and F5 (collected from the column after the separation). The sub-fractions F1, F4 and F5 were successfully separated by prep-HPLC. Finally, nine compounds, including chlorogenic acid (1), lonicerin (2), rutin (3), rhoifolin (4), luteoloside (5), 3,4-Odicaffeoylquinic acid (6), hyperoside (7), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (9) were obtained, respectively, with the purities over 94% as determined by HPLC. The structures were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H- and 13C-NMR. Antioxidant activities were tested, and the isolated compounds showed strong antioxidant activities.
No Conclusive Evidence for Transits of Proxima b in MOST Photometry
Authors: Kipping David M. , Cameron Chris , Hartman Joel D. , Davenport James R. A. , Matthews Jaymie M. , Sasselov Dimitar , Rowe Jason , Siverd Robert J. , Chen Jingjing , Sandford Emily , Bakos Gáspár Á. , Jordán Andrés , Bayliss Daniel , Henning Thomas , Mancini Luigi , Penev Kaloyan , Csubry Zoltan , Bhatti Waqas , Bento Joao Da Silva , Guenther David B. , Kuschnig Rainer , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Rucinski Slavek M. , Weiss Werner W.
Published: February 2017

The analysis of Proxima Centauri’s radial velocities recently led Anglada-Escudé et al. to claim the presence of a low-mass planet orbiting the Sun’s nearest star once every 11.2 days. Although the a priori probability that Proxima b transits its parent star is just 1.5%, the potential impact of such a discovery would be considerable. Independent of recent radial velocity efforts, we observed Proxima Centauri for 12.5 days in 2014 and 31 days in 2015 with the Microwave and Oscillations of Stars space telescope. We report here that we cannot make a compelling case that Proxima b transits in our precise photometric time series. Imposing an informative prior on the period and phase, we do detect a candidate signal with the expected depth. However, perturbing the phase prior across 100 evenly spaced intervals reveals one strong false positive and one weaker instance. We estimate a false-positive rate of at least a few percent and a much higher false-negative rate of 20%–40%, likely caused by the very high flare rate of Proxima Centauri. Comparing our candidate signal to HATSouth ground-based photometry reveals that the signal is somewhat, but not conclusively, disfavored (1σ–2σ), leading us to argue that the signal is most likely spurious. We expect that infrared photometric follow-up could more conclusively test the existence of this candidate signal, owing to the suppression of flare activity and the impressive infrared brightness of the parent star.
Revising the Evolutionary Stage of HD 163899: The Effects of Convective Overshooting and Rotation
Authors: Ostrowski Jakub , Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz Jadwiga , Cugier Henryk
Published: February 2017

We revise the evolutionary status of the B-type supergiant HD 163899 based on the new determinations of the mass–luminosity ratio, effective temperature, and rotational velocity, as well as on the interpretation of the oscillation spectrum of the star. The observed value of the nitrogen-to-carbon abundance fixes the value of the rotation rate of the star. Now, more massive models are strongly preferred than those previously considered, and it is very likely that the star is still in the main-sequence stage. The rotationally induced mixing manifests as the nitrogen overabundance in the atmosphere, which agrees with our analysis of the HARPS spectra. Thus, HD 163899 probably belongs to a group of evolved nitrogen-rich main-sequence stars.
Preferential Heating and Acceleration of Heavy Ions in Impulsive Solar Flares
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Eichler David , Gaspari Massimo , Spitkovsky Anatoly
Published: February 2017

We simulate decaying turbulence in a homogeneous pair plasma using a three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell method. A uniform background magnetic field permeates the plasma such that the magnetic pressure is three times larger than the thermal pressure and the turbulence is generated by counter-propagating shear Alfvén waves. The energy predominately cascades transverse to the background magnetic field, rendering the turbulence anisotropic at smaller scales. We simultaneously move several ion species of varying charge to mass ratios in our simulation and show that the particles of smaller charge to mass ratios are heated and accelerated to non-thermal energies at a faster rate. This is in accordance with the enhancement of heavy ions and a non-thermal tail in their energy spectrum observed in the impulsive solar flares. We further show that the heavy ions are energized mostly in the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic field, with a rate consistent with our analytical estimate of the rate of heating due to cyclotron resonance with the Alfvén waves, of which a large fraction is due to obliquely propagating waves.
Attitudes and Approaches for Withdrawing Drugs for Children with Clinically Inactive Nonsystemic JIA: A Survey of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance
Authors: Horton Daniel B. , Onel Karen B. , Beukelman Timothy , Ringold Sarah
Published: February 2017

Objective.

To assess the attitudes and strategies of pediatric rheumatology clinicians toward withdrawing medications for children with clinically inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods.

Members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) completed an anonymous electronic survey on decision making and approaches for withdrawing medications for inactive nonsystemic JIA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results.

Of 388 clinicians in CARRA, 124 completed surveys (32%), predominantly attending pediatric rheumatologists. The most highly ranked factors in decision making for withdrawing medications were the duration of clinical inactivity, drug toxicity, duration of prior activity, patient/family preferences, joint damage, and JIA category. Diagnoses of rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis and persistent oligoarthritis made respondents less likely and more likely, respectively, to withdraw JIA medications. Three-quarters of respondents waited for 6–12 months of inactive disease before stopping methotrexate (MTX) or biologics, but preferences varied. There was also considerable variability in the strategies used to reduce, taper, or stop medications for clinically inactive JIA; most commonly, clinicians reported slow medication tapers lasting at least 2 months. For children receiving combination MTX-biologic therapy, 63% of respondents preferred stopping MTX first. Most clinicians reported using imaging only seldom or sometimes to guide decision making, but most were also reluctant to withdraw medications in the presence of asymptomatic imaging abnormalities suggestive of subclinical inflammation.

Conclusion.

Considerable variability exists among pediatric rheumatology clinicians regarding when and how to withdraw medications for children with clinically inactive JIA. More research is needed to identify the most effective approaches to withdraw medications and predictors of outcomes.
Cutting Edge: Helicobacter pylori Induces Nuclear Hypersegmentation and Subtype Differentiation of Human Neutrophils In Vitro
Authors: Whitmore Laura C. , Weems Megan N. , Allen Lee-Ann H.
Published: February 2017

Helicobacter pylori infects the human stomach and causes a spectrum of disease that includes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric adenocarcinoma. A chronic, neutrophil-rich inflammatory response characterizes this infection. It is established that H. pylori stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis and a robust respiratory burst, but other aspects of this interaction are incompletely defined. We demonstrate here that H. pylori induces N1-like subtype differentiation of human neutrophils as indicated by profound nuclear hypersegmentation, a CD62Ldim, CD16bright, CD11bbright, CD66bbright, CD63bright surface phenotype, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity. Hypersegmentation requires direct neutrophil–H. pylori contact as well as transcription and both host and bacterial protein synthesis, but not urease, NapA, VacA, CagA, or CagT. The concept of neutrophil plasticity is new and, to our knowledge, these data are the first evidence that neutrophils can undergo subtype differentiation in vitro in response to bacterial pathogen infection. We hypothesize that these changes favor H. pylori persistence and disease.
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis of Visceral Fat in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and the Effect of Exercise: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kumar Pratap , Pai Praveena Joglekar , Pallavi G , Maiya Arun G , Ramachandra Preetha
Published: February 2017

Aims

To determine the body fat distribution in 30 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and assess the effect of a 2-month structured exercise on body fat, menstrual function and fertility outcomes.

Materials and methods

Thirty women with PCOS underwent assessment of body composition with BIA. Their body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), visceral fat (VF) and subcutaneous fat were analyzed. Two-month structured exercises were advised based on individual exercise tolerance. The postexercise parameters were reassessed. Outcome measures studied were improvement in BMI, TBF, VF, subcutaneous fat, menstrual functions, and fertility outcomes.

Results

A significant reduction in BMI, VF and subcutaneous fat was found in these women after exercise. Results were further analyzed after dividing them into three groups based on their BMI (normal, overweight, and obese). There was a significant reduction in all parameters (BMI, TBF, visceral and subcutaneous fat) in the overweight group. In the obese group, there was a significant drop in BMI and VF and to a lesser extent in the TBF. In women with normal BMI, a significant drop was noted in TBF only. On follow-up, five women reported regularization of their menstrual cycles and four others managed to conceive

Conclusion

Total body fat and VF can be cost-effectively measured by a simple tool called BIA. Tailor-made exercises based on individual tolerance are effective in improving these parameters even when done over a short duration. These improvements do positively impact the menstrual dysfunctions and subfertility.

Clinical significance

These findings will help in better management of women with PCOS and ensure optimal improvement in menstrual dysfunction and fertility outcomes

How to cite this article

Pallavi G, Pai P, Kumar P, Maiya AG, Ramachandra P. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis of Visceral Fat in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and the Effect of Exercise: A Pilot Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):89-93.
Application of Randomization Techniques for an Unbiased Assessment of Outcome in Clinical Studies
Authors: Suresh KP , Yasaswini Sri , Reshma K
Published: February 2017

In human clinical trials and biological experiments, randomization has been extensively used as a method of experimental control. It insures against the accidental bias and helps in preventing the selection bias. In treatment assignments, it eliminates the source of bias and produces the comparable groups, thereby expressing the likelihood of chance as a source for the difference of end outcome by permitting the use of probability theory. This study covers different methods of randomization and the use of online statistical computing web programming www.randomization. com for generating the randomization schedule. Issues related to randomization are also discussed in this study.

How to cite this article

Suresh KP, Yasaswini S, Reshma K. Application of Randomization Techniques for an Unbiased Assessment of Outcome in Clinical Studies. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):94-98.
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome presenting as Nonimmune Hydrops in a 19-week Fetus
Authors: Kumar Pratap , Mundkur Anjali , Nayak Shalini S , Vasudeva Akhila , Katta Girisha M
Published: February 2017

A 27-year-old primigravida at 19 weeks of gestation with suspected hydrops fetalis. There were characteristic ultrasonographic features like hyper inflated and enlarged lungs, flattened diaphragm, small centrally displaced heart, and hydrops suggestive of CHAOS. Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome is a rare fetal anomaly causing nonimmune hydrops. Prenatal ultrasound features are characteristic. Meticulous system wise fetal imaging in the presence of hydrops would help in early diagnosis of the condition, helping in appropriate management of pregnancy.

How to cite this article

Mundkur A, Nayak SS, Vasudeva A, Katta GM, Kumar P. Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome presenting as Nonimmune Hydrops in a 19-week Fetus. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):99-102.
Acardiac Twin: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Srivastava Nimisha N , Bhatia Tulsi , Narshetty Jayshree
Published: February 2017

The incidence of multifetal pregnancies has dramatically increased due to assisted reproductive technology. As a result, preterm labor, Preterm premature rupture of the membranes, congenital anomalies and fetal losses are commonly encountered by obstetricians. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities and prenatal care, many times the complications associated with multifetal pregnancies may remain undiagnosed. Complications are more with monochorionic twin gestation due to placental sharing. “Twin – reversed arterial perfusion” sequence or “acardiac twin” is one such complication. This case report presents an antenatally undiagnosed monochorionic twin pregnancy, resulting in preterm delivery of a healthy, normal twin along with an acardiac acephalus co-twin.

How to cite this article

Srivastava NN, Bhatia T, Narshetty J, Kumar S. Acardiac Twin: A Rare Case Report. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):103-104.
Collagen and Its Role in predicting the Biological Behavior of Odontogenic Lesions
Authors: Kulkarni Pavan G , Kumari M Aruna , Jahagirdar Abhishek , Nandan SRK , D Shyam Prasad Reddy , Keerthi M
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Odontogenic cysts and tumors have variable recurrence rates. Recurrence rate is mainly due to the activity of the epithelium. The epithelium of these lesions has been investigated extensively in regard to their role in proliferative and aggressive behavior of the lesions. However, the role of the connective tissue wall in their behavior has not been studied as extensively. Collagen is an essential part of the connective tissue as a whole and fibrous wall of cystic lesions especially. It is demonstrated by picrosirius red dye staining combined with polarization microscopy. This method permits the evaluation of the nature of the collagen fibers in addition to their thickness.

Materials and methods

A total of 56 histopathologically diagnosed cases comprising odontogenic follicle, dentigerous cyst, unicystic ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), multicystic/solid ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic carcinoma were taken and stained using picrosirius red stain and evaluated using a polarizing microscope.

Results

Collagen fibers in odontogenic follicles and dentigerous cysts showed predominant orange-red birefringence; fibers in unicystic ameloblastoma and KCOT showed both orange red and greenish-yellow birefringence; and fibers of multicystic/ solid ameloblastoma showed predominant greenish-yellow birefringence and ameloblastic carcinoma that showed almost complete greenish birefringence. As the biological behavior of the lesions in the spectrum studied progress toward aggressive nature, increase in immature collagen fibers is noticed.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the nature of collagen fibers plays a pivotal role in predicting the biological behavior of odontogenic lesions.

Clinical significance

Aggressive nature of the odontogenic lesions is determined by both the epithelium and the connective tissue components (collagen). Studying the nature and type of collagen helps in predicting its biological behavior.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni PG, Kumari MA, Jahagirdar A, Nandan SRK, Reddy DSP, Keerthi M. Collagen and Its Role in predicting the Biological Behavior of Odontogenic Lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):137-141.
Determinants of Demand in the Public Dental Emergency Service
Authors: Marta Sara Nader , Matsumoto Maria SA , Gatti Marcia AN , de Conti Marta HS , de AP Simeão Sandra F , de Oliveira Braga Franzolin Solange
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Although dental emergencies are primarily aimed at pain relief, in practice, dental emergency services have been overwhelmed by the massive inflow of patients with less complex cases, which could be resolved at basic levels of health care. They frequently become the main gateway to the system. We investigated the determinant factors of demand at the Central Dental Emergency Unit in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Materials and methods

The questionnaire was applied to 521 users to evaluate sociodemographic profile; factors that led users to seek the service at the central dental emergency; perception of service offered.

Results

About 80.4% of users went directly to the central dental emergency, even before seeking basic health units. The reasons were difficulty to be attended (34.6%) and incompatible time (9.8%). To the perception of the necessity of the service, responses were problem as urgent (78.3%) and pain was the main complaint (69.1%). The profile we found was unmarried (41.5%), male (52.2%), white (62.8%), aged 30 to 59 (52.2%), incomplete basic education (41.6%), family income up to 2 minimum wages (47.4%), and no medical/dental plan (88.9%).

Conclusion

It was concluded that the users of central dental emergency come from all sectors of the city, due to difficult access to basic health units; they consider their complaint urgent; and they are satisfied with the service offered.

Clinical significance

To meet the profile of the user urgency's service so that it is not overloaded with demand that can be fulfilled in basic health units.

How to cite this article

Matsumoto MSA, Gatti MAN, de Conti MHS, de AP Simeão SF, de Oliveira Braga Franzolin S, Marta SN. Determinants of Demand in the Public Dental Emergency Service. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):156-161.
The Study of Sociodemographic Profile of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Piyush , Singh Himalaya
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Tuberculosis in children is mainly due to failure of tuberculosis control in adults. In India, over 100,000 children die from tuberculosis every year. The risk of developing disease after infection is determined by various factors, including age at exposure, sex, family, and socioeconomic status. There are no such studies carried out in Bareilly district till date; therefore, with this view, this study is being conducted.

Aims and objectives

To know the sociodemographic profile of pediatric tuberculosis patients in Bareilly district.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 children aged 0 to 14 years registered at various tuberculosis units (TUs) in Bareilly district. The selection of TUs was done by simple random sampling.

Result and conclusion

Out of total 120 cases in the study, majority of them were females (65%), followed by 35% male pediatric tuberculosis cases; 61.7% study participants belonged to 10 to 14 years of age, and 51.7% belonged to lower socioeconomic status.

How to cite this article

Gupta P, Singh A, Joshi HS, Kumar P, Singh H. The Study of Sociodemographic Profile of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh: A Crosssectional Study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):164-166.
Vestibular Implant: Are We Ready for It?
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav
Published: February 2017

The present article aims to provide an overview of the research and development in the field of vestibular implants for patients suffering from bilateral vestibulopathy. There is a strong justification for surgical intervention in such patients because of a negative impact and disability of disease on the life of the patients. A few animal and human studies have been undertaken, and the available data from both animal and human studies are encouraging. It is evident that there is a technical feasibility for the use of vestibular implants. Although normal vestibular function is not expected, significant, physical improvement is expected in these patients.

How to cite this article

Mohan C, Srivastava A. Vestibular Implant: Are We Ready for It? Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016; 1(4):183-185.
A Modified Cutler-Beard Technique to manage Extensive Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma of Upper Eyelid
Authors: Goyal Etti , Rizvi Y , Gupta Pranav
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare tumor affecting the elderly, with a predisposition for females arising from the meibomian glands and occurring more commonly on the upper eyelid. Diagnosis is difficult because the tumor mimics chalazion or blepharitis. Sebaceous gland carcinoma has a mortality rate of about 5 to 10%.

Aim

To present a modified Cutler-Beard technique of lid reconstruction to manage a case of extensive SGC of upper lid.

Materials and methods

A 65-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing extensive mass of right upper eyelid (size 4.2 × 4 × 2.1 cm) causing mechanical ptosis. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis as SGC. Wide excision of the lesion was performed sacrificing the whole upper eyelid. Lid reconstruction was done employing lower eyelid as per the bridged flap technique with the use of 4 mm silicon band to enhance lid stability. Patient achieved a satisfactory functional and cosmetic result following the second stage of the procedure.

Conclusion

Total loss of upper eyelid is often dealt with classical lid sharing technique of reconstruction first described by Cutler-Beard. For lid stability, use of tarsus from contralateral eye, ear cartilage has their attendant problems. A 4.0 silicon band was used to replace the sacrificed tarsus, achieving good results.

How to cite this article

Gupta P, Rizvi Y, Goyal E. A Modified Cutler-Beard Technique to manage Extensive Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma of Upper Eyelid. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):188-190.
As diretivas europeias como norma reguladora do direito administrativo global
Authors: Silva Alice Rocha da , Santos Ruth M. P.
Published: February 2017

O processo de internacionalização do direito, motivado pela globalização, alterou o cenário político, econômico, social e cultural, principalmente pós-guerra fria, momento em que se verificou a modificação no cenário jurídico internacional, com a proliferação de fontes normativas e instâncias de solução de litígios, repercutindo nos ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais. Percebeu-se, portanto, a fragmentação do direito em virtude da criação de sistemas autônomos, com a igualdade de competências, e ao mesmo tempo, a criação de redes de cooperação e instituições privadas, dando origem ao direito administrativo global, permitindo uma maior interação entre os diferentes sistemas e a padronização de procedimentos e instrumentos para a realização de objetivos comuns, decorrentes da integração de atores domésticos e internacionais. Nesse contexto, o direito administrativo global se desenvolve como um instrumento de regulação administrativa para a pluralidade normativa, jurisdicional e institucional, dessa maneira, defende-se que as diretivas europeias, como instrumento regulador do direito comunitário criam um regime de accountability entre os Estados-Membros, realizando um enfoque de regulação botton-up (debaixo para cima), pois, busca-se a participação na administração global por meio da ampliação e adaptação das ferramentas de direito administrativo nacional, garantindo a legalidade e responsabilidade dos atores nacionais. De igual modo, as diretivas europeias, em determinados momentos podem realizar regulação top-down (de cima para baixo), isto quer dizer que em virtude do estabelecimento dos padrões, decorrentes das diretivas, podem refletir no cenário internacional ou até mesmo em outros ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais alheios ao da União Europeia. A questão se corrobora com a análise do caso da OMC, WT/DS 408 e 409, que trata do confisco de medicamentos genéricos de origem indiana com destino ao Brasil, em virtude das regras europeias de proteção de propriedade intelectual.
A Era da Humanidade: reflexões para a história do Direito Internacional
Authors: Afonso Henrique Weil
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar certas controvérsias acerca da hipótese do colapso climático por causas antropogênicas mediante o auxílio de abordagens críticas da história do Direito Internacional. Para sua concretização, optou-se pelo estudo descritivo e analítico, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Nos últimos anos, o possível ingresso da humanidade em uma nova era geológica designada de Antropoceno recebe considerável atenção por parte de historiadores. A ideia segundo a qual, a partir da Revolução Industrial, a humanidade age em uma escala equivalente a uma força telúrica, vem repercutindo na seara historiográfica e torna-se uma temática de apelo global. Em primeiro lugar, porque o Antropoceno suscita problemas referentes à formação histórica da sociedade internacional. Empregando um viés anacrônico, o debate metodológico despertado pela literatura pós-colonial defende a pertinência de temas como colonialismo e imperialismo para a compreensão da agenda internacional do presente. Por esta razão, revela-se frutífera ferramenta analítica para a compreensão das formações discursivas do Antropoceno. Em segundo lugar, os efeitos estimados da atividade antropogênica têm o potencial de desestabilizar as condições de construção do saber histórico sobre os quais a teoria do Direito Internacional encontra sustentação, aspecto este que será problematizado à luz das limitações das intepretações contextualistas da história. Finalmente, o ideal de progresso que confere sentido a variadas formações históricas influentes no Direito Internacional poderá ser revisitado a partir da premissa segundo a qual, no Antropoceno, a teleologia histórica necessita coexistir com horizontes de expectativas menos favoráveis à realização das promessas da modernidade.
Da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica nas relações consumeiristas brasileiras: análise à luz das teorias clássicas
Authors: Ferraz Daniel Amin
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho visa rediscutir o instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica no Brasil, previsto no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, com base nas teorias clássicas de levantamento da personalidade jurídica surgidas no âmbito do Direito Norte-Americano e Europeu, a fim de verificar se o instituto regulado pelo ordenamento jurídico nacional, aplicável às relações consumeristas, é coerente com aquele defendido pelas teorias clássicas, em especial no tocante aos seus limites e hipóteses de incidência.
A emergência do direito transnacional ambiental
Authors: Pereira de Andrade Priscila
Published: February 2017

À margem do tradicional direito internacional existem novas esferas e formas de elaboração de normas aptas a regular a proteção do meio ambiente. A multiplicação e a diversificação dos espaços normativos revela que o Estado é apenas um ator entre outros capaz de enquadrar e regulamentar questões ambientais com repercussão internacional. É esse desenvolvimento e crescente uso da normatização e contratualização privada que pretendemos analisar neste estudo. Sustenta-se que as premissas téoricas do "direito transnacional" fornecem uma reflexão apropriada para compreensão do quadro normativo atualmente disponível para a proteção do meio ambiente. Por isso, a participação dos atores privados na produção normativa e sua influência para a emergência de um direito transnacional ambiental é o foco da pesquisa jurídica que propomos apresentar neste artigo.
Transforming Classroom Norms as Social Change: Pairing Embodied Exercises with Collaborative Participation in the WGS Classroom (with Syllabus)
Authors: Jones Cara E
Published: February 2017

This article explores tensions between critical feminist pedagogy and the neoliberal corporate university, asking how engaging the body and redistributing student agency highlights larger questions of power that haunt the academy as a whole. Including specific embodied exercises used in WGS classrooms, this essay argues that as students and professors engage within an increasingly corporate university system, embodied activities that incorporate the body as a site of learning and critical analysis can access situated knowledges while projects that de-center power and responsibility are viewed with skepticism. I attribute this discrepancy to the neoliberal structure in which we teach and learn, arguing that we need to value and make visible the labor that goes into critical pedagogy.
Disability and Labour Force Participation in Cameroon
Authors: Christian Zamo-akono
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the effect of disability on labour force participation using the Cameroon 2007 Household Survey. Statistical and econometric tests indicate that disability represents a barrier to employment in the Cameroon labour market. For instance, disability status reduces men’s probability of getting into the labour market by 0.8% for the public sector, 0.05% for the formal private sector and by 2.9% for the informal sector. Other noteworthy results are the fact that women face greater constraints in entering the labour market and investments in general and specific human capital increase the probability of getting a job in the Cameroon.