bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy localization and CT- guided percutaneous localization in thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Yan , Shen Shui-jun , Wang Can-yun , Zhou Qiao-juan , Jing Qi-Feng
Published: September 2022

Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety between electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and CT-guided percutaneous localization prior to resection of pulmonary nodules.
Methods
Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane library databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2022 for relevant studies. The primary outcome was the success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the pneumothorax rates and localization time. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4.
Results
Four cohort studies comprising 366 patients (ENB group: 160, CT group: 206) were analyzed. Compared with the CT-guided group, the ENB-guided group was associated with lower pneumothorax rates (relative ratio [RR] = 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.65, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in success rates (relative ratio [RR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.05, P = 0.21) and localization time (mean difference [MD] = 0.99, 95% CI -5.73-7.71, P = 0.77) between the ENB- and CT-guided groups.
Conclusions
ENB-guided localization has huge prospects as a preoperative marking technique before pulmonary nodule resection.
How much does a minimum weight at discharge delay discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit?
Authors: desai Riddhi , Bhola Monika , Ronis Sarah , Ryan Rita
Published: September 2022

Objective: Determine if discharge at physiologic maturity (PM) (based on national guidelines) even if <1800g, the minimum weight for discharge at our institution, will decrease hospital days (HD).
Methods: We reviewed 129 infants with birthweight 1300g-1800g. Data were analyzed by paired t-test/ Wilcoxon-rank-sum test.
Results: Age at discharge vs. age at PM was 0.55d per infant higher (P-value 0.033) resulting in 71 total HD. For SGA babies, this difference was 1.47d vs 0.19d in non-SGA babies (P–value 0.0243) and this difference was an average of 2.63d (P-value <0.001) for those who reached PM <1800g, contributing to 50 of 71 HD potentially saved.
Conclusion: There was a 0.55-2.6-day difference between age at discharge and age at PM, greater in SGA infants and infants who reached PM prior to 1800g. There might be an opportunity to send infants home earlier to their families if there is no minimum weight required.
CD301b+ macrophages: a new target for improving the efficiency of orthodontic treatment under mild inflammation
Authors: Hu Li , Wang Nan , Zhao Qin , Gong Zijian , Fu Liangliang , Jiaojiao Li
Published: September 2022

With improvements in the quality of life and the demand for aesthetics, more and more people are opting for orthodontic treatment, resulting in a surge in adult orthodontic patients in recent years. However, a large body of clinical evidence shows that many orthodontic patients experience periodontal inflammation, which hinders the effect of the treatment or exacerbates the periodontal status. Therefore, determining the key factors that affect orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment to improve the efficiency of the treatment is vital. In this study, we focused on the critical role of macrophages during orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment. The functional population of macrophages was analyzed in a rat orthodontic model with periodontitis. Macrophages with high expression levels of CD301b improved the periodontal microenvironment and the efficiency of the orthodontic tooth movement. Transplantation of CD301b + macrophages into the model promoted osteogenesis around the orthodontic mobile teeth, improved bone remodeling during the orthodontic process, and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. These findings indicate that CD301b + macrophages may have a positive effect during orthodontic treatment in an inflammatory environment and could be considered as a potential regulatory target.
Combined Carrier Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis for Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Thalassemia and Hereditary Deafness in 2873 Chinese Pregnant Women
Authors: Wang Zhihui , LI yuanyan , Wu jieli , cai xiaohe , chen ruyang , Zhang Lixiang
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To investigate the clinical significance of combined carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for SMA, thalassemia and hereditary deafness.
Methods
There were 2873 pregnant women from Wenzhou Central Hospital in Wenzhou city Zhejiang Province, China, between February 2020 and January 2022 accepted carrier screening. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva of the screened group. SMN1 exon 7 and/or 8 mutations were detected by real-time quantitative PCR; results were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. α- and β-globin gene mutations and hereditary deafness gene mutations were detected using PCR and flow-through hybridization techniques. DNA-based prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid when parents both carried at least one gene mutation of the three diseases. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for 22 at-risk fetuses.
Results
Among 2873 pregnant women, 419 carried at least one allele associated with the three diseases (14.6%, 419/2873); 70 (2.4%) of these carried SMA alleles, 245 (8.5%) thalassemia genes, and 127 (4.4%) deafness genes. The positive rate of combined carrier screening was higher than that of a single gene test (SMA, 6.1X higher 14.6%/2.4%; thalassemia, 1.7X higher, 14.6%/8.5%; hereditary deafness, 3.3X higher 14.6%/4.4%). After detailed genetic counseling, 350 paternal partners (84%, 350/419) were tested for corresponding mutations. Three couples were SMA carriers, 14 couples were thalassemia carriers, and 5 couples were hereditary deafness gene carriers. All 22 couples underwent prenatal diagnosis; At last, 1 fetus confirmed with SMA, two with α-­thalassemia major and one with hereditary deafness.
Conclusion
Combined carrier screening for these three genetic diseases improves screening efficiency, increases the positive detection rate and reduces economic expenditure. We recommend a combined antenatal screening program to prevent SMA, thalassemia major and hereditary deafness at birth.
Neural correlates of delusion in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kwak Seyul , Kim Hairin , Kim Keun You , Lee Dasom , Oh Da Young , Nam Gieun , Lee Jun-Young
Published: September 2022

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of delusion and cognitive function remain to be characterized. By utilizing a fine-grained multivariable approach, we investigated distinct neuroanatomical correlates of delusion symptoms across a large population of dementing illnesses. In this study, 750 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease completed brain structural imaging and neuropsychological assessment. We utilized principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation to identify the distinct multivariate correlates of cortical thinning patterns. Five of the cognitive domains were assessed whether the general cognitive abilities mediate the association between cortical thickness and delusion. The result showed that distributed thickness patterns of temporal and ventral insular cortex (component 2), inferior and lateral prefrontal cortex (component 1), and somatosensory-visual cortex (component 5) showed negative correlations with delusions. Subsequent mediation analysis showed that component 1 and 2, which comprises inferior frontal, anterior insula, and superior temporal regional thickness accounted for delusion largely through lower cognitive functions. Specifically, executive control function assessed with the Trail Making Test mediated the relationship between two cortical thickness patterns and delusions. Our findings suggest that multiple distinct subsets of brain regions underlie the delusions among older adults with cognitive impairment. Moreover, a neural loss may affect the occurrence of delusion in dementia largely due to impaired general cognitive abilities.
Clinical and Subclinical Arteriosclerotic Disease in Octagenarians With Hip Fracture. A Case – Control Study.
Authors: Capdevila-Reniu Aina , Navarro-López Margarita , Sierra-Benito Cristina , Sapena Victor , Suárez-Lombraña Ana , Solari Bryan David , Arroyo Marta , Camafort-Babkowski Miguel , López-Soto Alfonso
Published: September 2022

Background: Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Hip fracture and cardiovascular diseases are very common in older people.
Objectives: Evaluate clinical and subclinical arteriosclerotic disease in older patients with hip fracture compared with patients without fracture in order to increase knowledge about the relation between both diseases in old patients.
Method: Age- and sex matched case-control study of octogenarians with and without recent hip fracture. Vascular risk factors, subclinical vascular diseases (assessed by carotid plaques, carotid intima media thickness and arterial stiffness) as well as cardiovascular diseases were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association arteriosclerosis and hip fracture.
Results: We analyzed 95 patients per group with a median age of 82 [79-87] years of whom 77.9% were female. Patients in both groups have elevated rates of vascular disease (25%) without differences between them. Patients with hip fracture had higher subclinical arteriosclerotic alterations with higher percentage of carotid plaques (OR 3.25 [1.06 - 9.97]) compared with the control group.
Conclusions: Old patients with hip fracture had significantly higher presence of subclinical alterations but not increase on rate of cardiovascular arteriosclerotic disease compared with those without hip fracture. Is mandatory to increase our knowledge in shared risk factors for both diseases to enhance fracture prevention or vice versa.
Soil-landscape characterization and mapping to advance the state of spatial soil information on Ethiopian highlands: Implications for site-specific soil management
Authors: Seifu Weldemariam , Elias Eyasu , Gebresamuel Girmay , Legesse Gudina , Tefera Wolde
Published: September 2022

Currently, soil characterization and classification are becoming the primary source of information for precision agriculture, land use planning, and management. Thus, this study was focused on perusing the landscape-scale spatial variation of soils in data-scarce areas using toposequence-based ground sampling to characterize and classify the soils. Six typical profiles representing major landforms were opened and studied for their morphological characteristics and physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the soils were shallow to very deep in depth, moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, non-saline in salinity, and clay to sandy loam in texture. The soils were found to be very low to low in organic carbon, very low to medium in TN, low to medium in av. P, very low in av. S, very low to low in av. B, high to very high in CEC and very low to very high in base saturation. The soils were also found deficient in Zn and sufficient in Fe, Cu, and Mn. Following the field survey and soil analytical results, five main reference soil groups, mollic Leptosols (Eutric), Prothovertio Luvisols (Clayic, Aric, Escalic), Skeletic Fluvisols (Arenic, Densic), Haplic Leptosols (Skeletic), Haplic Vertisols (Endocalcaric, Ochric), and Haplic Cambisols (Arenic, Aric) were identified in the different parts of the topographic positions. Profile − 2, 3, 5, and 6 were classified in I to IV land capability class (LCC) and grouped as arable land with some limitations. They were also in a suitable to a marginally suitable range. The severe constraints to crop cultivation in the area are generally low fertility, erosion hazard, and climate for all soil units. Therefore, continuous manure and compost integration with chemical fertilizer, reducing complete crop residue removal, and soil and water conservation measures are essential to overcome these common and other production limitations.
Perioperative blood loss factors associated with decreased level of postoperative hemoglobin in stable femoral pertrochanteric fracture groups treated with PFNA.
Authors: Juszczak Bartłomiej , Broniatowska Elżbieta , Pardała Tomasz
Published: September 2022

Aim : The purpose of this analysis was to
compare simple pertrochanteric fractures (PTFs) AO31-A1.2 and PTFs
with the detachment of lesser trochanter AO31-A1.3 along with the
risk factors of perioperative blood loss in terms of their impact
on postoperative level of hemoglobin.
Methods : This study analysed the clinical data of
334 unilateral, stable PTFs classified as AO31-A1.2 (205 cases) and
AO31-A1.3 (129 cases) treated with proximal femoral nail
antirotation (PFNA). First postoperative level of hemoglobin and
hemoglobin drop (difference between first on admission to hospital
and first postoperative hemoglobin levels) were chosen as the
principal outcome. Analyzed patients were not transfused between
hemoglobin measurements. Multivariate linear regression analysis
was performed to study perioperative blood loss risk factors in
patients undergoing surgery.
Results : Pertrochanteric fractures with the
detachment of lesser trochanter (AO31-A1.3) are associated with
both greater hemoglobin drop (p=0.011) and lower postoperative
hemoglobin level (p=0.078). AO31-A1.3 type of fracture is also
correlated with greater risk of postoperative blood transfusion
(p=0.038). Female were associated with lower postoperative
hemoglobin than men irrespective of the type of fracture (9.31 g/dl
vs 10.1 g/dl; p<0.0001).
Multi linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, type of
fracture, fracture gap displacement, preoperative level of
hemoglobin and angle of the fracture gap significantly affect
postoperative level of hemoglobin.
Conclusion: Despite being recognized as stable PTF
with the detachment of lesser trochanter (AO31-A1.3) is burdened
with greater risk of postoperative anemia and blood transfusion
than simple PTF (AO31-A1.2). Fracture gap displacement and angle of
fracture gap are useful predictors for lower level of postoperative
hemoglobin.
Grasshopper genome reveals long-term conservation of the X chromosome and temporal variation in X chromosome evolution
Authors: Li Xinghua , Mank Judith , Ban Liping
Published: September 2022

We present the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the grasshopper, Locusta migratoria, one of the largest insect genomes. We use coverage differences between females (XX) and males (X0) to identify the X chromosome gene content and find that the X chromosome shows both complete dosage compensation in somatic tissues and an underrepresentation of testes-expressed genes. Remarkably, X-linked gene content from L. migratoria is highly conserved across four insect orders, namely Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, and the 800 Mb grasshopper X chromosome is homologous to the fly ancestral X chromosome despite 400 million years of divergence, suggesting either repeated origin of sex chromosomes with highly similar gene content, or long-term conservation of the X chromosome. We use this broad conservation of the X chromosome to test for temporal dynamics to Fast-X evolution, and find evidence of a recent burst evolution for new X-linked genes in contrast to slow evolution of X-conserved genes. Additionally, our results reveal the X chromosome represents a hotspot for adaptive protein evolution related migration and the locust swarming phenotype. Overall, our results reveal a remarkable case of conservation and adaptation on the X chromosome.
An Organic Convolution Model of the Ventral Visual Pathway Can Explain the Curvature Selective Shape Tuning Found in Area V4
Authors: Gold Carl
Published: September 2022

This modeling study investigates whether an orderly convergence of neuronal selectivities from cortical areas V1 and V2 can produce curvature selective receptive fields found in area V4. A model of the ventral visual pathway from V1 to V4 is composed of approximately 500,000 individual integrate and fire units. The V1 and V2 models are based on recent findings about the composition of V2 receptive fields. A novel proposal is made for how V4 neurons may create selectivity for varying degrees of local curvature through the orderly convergence of afferent inputs from V2. The study employs a novel method for simulating individual spikes in large numbers of model neurons using tensor programming and GPU hardware: Assuming that convergent functional micro-architectural patterns repeat in topographically organized visual space, the details of individual unit depolarization and spike time is modeled using convolution operations combined with a model for the time course of post-synaptic potentials. The few parameters in the model are set manually, and this is sufficient to qualitatively reproduce the V4 recordings. This demonstrates that convolution is a useful model for understanding fast feed forward processing in the ventral visual path and that convolution technologies can be used for the realistic simulation of large numbers of neurons at an intermediate level of biological detail.
Salt intake assessed by three-days’ 24-hour urine in relation to intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Chinese boarding school children and adolescents
Authors: Dong Jie , Yu Xiaoran , Li Liping , Xiang Shiting , Li Xun , Huang Caizhi , Qin Yongquan , Zhu Shaolun , Zheng Jie , Yan Yinkun , Mi Jie
Published: September 2022

Background
More and more studies have shown that high salt intake changed intestinal microbiota and host metabolites. However, no studies have explored the association of a high-salt diet with intestinal microbiota and metabolites in children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between salt intake and intestinal microbiota and host metabolites in Chinese boarding school children and adolescents based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion over three consecutive days.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in three boarding schools, from September to October 2021. In 153 children, we analyzed the diversity of intestinal microbiota as well as microbiota composition in normal salt (salt intake < 5.8 g/day) diet and a high salt diet (salt intake ≥ 5.8 g/day) and used linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis to find differential bacterial taxa. Subsequently, we explored the association of salt intake with fecal metabolites and 24-h urinary metabolites in the subgroup analysis.
Results
The high salt diet was associated with decreased diversity and increased abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria that have been linked to metabolic syndromes risk factors, such as Prevotella and Lachnospira (P < 0.05). High salt intake was associated with concentrations of several fecal metabolites, including Isobutyric acid and 2-Furoic acid, and several urinary metabolites such as Proline and Pentadecanoic acid in comparison with the normal salt diet. In addition, these metabolites also showed some correlation with differences in intestinal microbiota due to different salt intake levels.
Conclusions
Our findings show that the level of salt intake is associated with the intestinal microbiota and host metabolites in children and adolescents, thus providing some basis for explaining the pathogenesis of a high salt diet affecting human health and filling gaps in this area of research in children.
Characterization and incidence of radiation-induced meningiomas in a brain tumor database
Authors: Vaghjiani Nilan G. , Schwieder Andrew K. , Uppalapati Sravya , Kons Zachary A. , Kazarian Elizabeth A. , Sattiraju Srikar N. , Opalak Charles F. , Harris Timothy J. , Broaddus William C.
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are meningiomas that associated with prior exposure to radiation. Due to the rare occurrence of RIMs, their behavior has not been well described and their incidence has not been reported. This study aims to characterize RIMs and compare the treatment and outcomes of RIMs to those of spontaneous meningiomas (SMs).
Methods
1003 patients seen at a single institution with proven or presumed meningiomas were identified from brain tumor-related diagnoses between 2005 and 2015. Chart review positively-identified patients with RIMs and data was collected on initial diagnosis and treatment, meningioma recurrence/progression, histology, and treatments.
Results
Fifteen RIM patients were identified (66.67% were female and 66.67% were Caucasian). The average age at diagnosis was 43.27 ± 15.06 years. The overall mean latency was 356.27 ± 116.96 months. The mean latency period for the African-American population was 258.4 ± 84.86 months compared to 405.2 ± 100.5 months for the Caucasian population (p = 0.003). The mean number of lesions for males was 1.4 ± 0.89 compared to females which was 2.8 ± 1.40 (p = 0.046). The incidence of RIMs among all meningiomas in our data set was 1.5%, a statistic that has not previously been reported. The 10-year progression-free survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate was 50% and 27%, respectively. 58% of patients treated with radiotherapy were progression-free at 5 and 10 years.
Conclusion
Radiation remains a rare but important cause of meningioma. These meningiomas have a higher grade histology, require aggressive treatment strategies, and have higher recurrence and progression compared to spontaneous meningiomas.
Equipartition of the magnetic field and the electron energy in BL Lac jets
Authors: Li Ting , Zheng Yong-Gang , Li Xiao-Pan
Published: September 2022

The traditional one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) model for the spectral energy distribution (SED) of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects, shows unexpected attribute that the energy density of nonthermal electrons Ue is much larger than the magnetic field UB. It is believed that the behavior of a plasma in a jet is a significant influence on equipartition. This paper considers an anisotropic SSC model for the electron momentum distribution. The model assumes that the angle between the direction of motion and the magnetic field can be very small or parallel when the highest energy electrons are accelerated. Therefore, the intensity of synchrotron radiation is significantly depressed. In this model, the magnetic field in the dissipation region is much stronger in the case of an isotropic distribution of nonthermal electrons. In this paper, we examine whether this model can predicts physically reasonable parameters, and we discuss some of its implications.
A 16p11.2 deletion mouse model displays quantitatively and qualitatively different behaviours in sociability and social novelty over short- and long-term observation
Authors: Rusu Anna , Chevalier Claire , Chaumont Fabrice , Nalesso Valérie , Brault Véronique , Hérault Yann , Ey Elodie
Published: September 2022

Background

Autism spectrum disorders affect more than one percent of the population, impairing social communication and increasing stereotyped behaviours. A micro-deletion of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 chromosomic region has been identified in one percent of patients also displaying intellectual disabilities. In mouse models generated to understand the mechanisms of this deletion, learning and memory deficits were pervasive in most genetic backgrounds, while social communication deficits were only detected in some models. Based on previous study (Arbogast et al. 2016 PLoS genetics), we selected the mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion on a hybrid C57BL/6NxC3B genetic background to itemize the social deficits. We examined whether behavioural deficits observed in short observation periods were representative of the phenotype displayed by the same mice over long-term monitoring. We recorded the individual and social behaviours of 16p11.2 Del/+ mice and their wild-type littermates from both sexes in short-term (15 min) and long-term (over two and three consecutive nights) social interactions of familiar mixed-genotype quartets of males and of females, and of same-genotype unfamiliar female pairs.

Results

We observed that Del/+ mice of both sexes increased significantly their activity compared to wild-type littermates only over long-term monitoring. In the social domain, Del/+ mice of both sexes displayed only limited impairments over short-term monitoring, and more visible deficits over long-term monitoring. When recorded in quartets of familiar individuals, social impairments were stronger in males than in females. In pairs, significant perturbations of the organisation of the social communication and behaviours in Del/+ females appeared mostly over the long-term.

Conclusions

Altogether, this suggests that social and contextual variations affect the phenotype of the 16p11.2 Del/+ mice differently in the activity and the social domains. The social behaviour was also differently affected between the two sexes. These findings confirm the importance of testing models both in short- and long-term conditions to provide a comprehensive view of their phenotype that will be more robust for pre-clinical targeted therapeutic trials.
The Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of CD44 in Pan-Cancer Study
Authors: Chen Shaoyong , Zhang Siqin , Chen Shaohua , Ma Fei
Published: September 2022

Background
To investigate the correlation between cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) expression and immunotherapy response and identify its possible predictive value in pan-cancer.
Methods
Datasets of 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were applied to investigate the relationship of CD44 expression with prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), and determine its potential prognostic value in pan-cancer. Patients were split into high-risk and low-risk cancer groups based on the survival outcomes of various cancer types. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of CD44 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were analyzed using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
Variable expression levels of CD44 between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were identified in pan-cancer datasets, and the survival analysis revealed that CD44 expression was associated with multiple clinical annotations and survival indicators in several cancers. Besides, the expression of CD44 was significantly associated with TMB and MSI in some types of cancer.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that CD44 shows great promise as a prognostic biomarker in numerous cancers, which will assist in developing new strategies in immunotherapy.
Analysis of corneal optic density in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes
Authors: Zheng Yuwei , Guo Bin , Wei Shengsheng , Zhang Huiqin , Zhang Jiamei , Wang Yan
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the changes in corneal optic density (COD) in patients with type II diabetes and explore the possible influencing factors.
Methods: Central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal optic density (COD) were measured in 52 patients (104 eyes) with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and 23 age-matched healthy controls (46 eyes). COD values of the anterior, middle, and posterior layers and four annulus regions (0–2, 2–6, 6–10, and 10–12 mm) were collected. Patients with DM were divided into the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) groups.
Results: Patients with DM had higher COD values than the controls; the differences were significant in the total (P=0.011), anterior layer (P=0.002), middle layer (P=0.019), and 0–6 mm central region (0–2 mm, P=0.008; 2–6 mm, P=0.007). The 0–6 mm central region COD was higher in the NDR group and highest in the DR group compared with controls; the 6–12 mm peripheral COD value was highest in the NDR group. The correlation between age and COD values was lower in patients with DM than in controls. CCT was positively correlated with the total COD value (r=0.26, P=0.008) in the DM group.
Conclusion: The corneal clarity of patients with DM decreased in general and altered before the appearance of DR. COD values increased in early diabetes without DR. As DR emerged, the central and peripheral COD changed differently. In addition toretinal condition, age and CCT may also affect corneal transparency of patients with DM.
Pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts express tumor-suppressive microRNAs
Authors: Tushoski-Alemán Gerik , Davidson Aaron , Herremans Kelly , Forsmark Chris , Zhang Weizhou , Hughes Steven J , Han Song
Published: September 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and broadly accepted as an oncogenic component for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously reported a tumor-suppressive role of CAFs via a CAF-specific miRNA that can be efficiently transferred via exosomes within the TME and inhibit PDAC cell growth. In this study, we expanded our search and found several differentially expressed miRNAs within CAFs (CAF-DE-miRNAs) including the most elevated miR-145-5p and miR-199a-5p. These miRNAs exhibit tumor-suppressive roles likely via complex regulation of several signaling proteins within the TGF-β and EGFR (ErbB) signaling pathways. Our study indicates a more complex role of CAFs within the TME and provides a distinct mechanism of CAF-mediated tumor suppression.
Pharmacological targets of Asundexian relevant to its therapeutic efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: Kumar Arun HS
Published: September 2022

Background
Oral anticoagulant which don’t interfere with haemostasis physiology have potential application in management of acute cardiovascular events. Asundexian is once such oral anticoagulant, which is reported to be beneficial by minimising the rate of ischemic events. This study examined the pharmacological basis for cardiovascular benefits of asundexian.
Materials and Methods
All potential targets of asundexian in humans were identified by Insilco screening in the SwissTargetPrediction server and analysed.
Results
Unexpectedly factor XI or Xia was not observed to be targeted by asundexian in this study. However factor XII and thrombin were observed to be targeted by asundexian. In addition several GPCR’s, ion channels, enzymes and kinases relevant to positive modulation of cardiovascular physiology were observed to be targeted by asundexian.
Conclusion
The anticoagulant effects of asundexian is likely to be by indirect inhibition of factor XI or Xia by interfering with factor XII and/or thrombin. The cardiovascular benefits of asundexian is likely mediated by broader relevant off target effects.
Smoking Initiation at Young Age Increases Risk of Gastric Cancer among Korean Men
Authors: Lee Hwi-Won , Shin Woo-Kyoung , Huang Dan , Torre Katherine De la , Yang Jae Jeong , Song Minkyo , Shin Aesun , Lee Kyoung-Mu , Lee Hyuk-Joon , Lee Jong-Koo , Kang Daehee
Published: September 2022

Objective
Early initiation of smoking is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of various smoking-related factors with the risk of gastric cancer in a population with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer.
Method
From 2004 to 2013, Korean adults 40–69 years of age were enrolled in the large-scale prospective cohort, the Health Examinees-Gem study. Incident gastric cancer cases were identified until December 31, 2017, through linkage to the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Participants’ information regarding socio-demographics, smoking-related factors, and other lifestyle factors was obtained via self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gastric cancer risk associated with smoking-related factors such as smoking duration, amount, pack-years, and age of smoking initiation.
Results
Among 44,207 men included in the final analysis, 565 gastric cancer cases were identified during a mean (± SD) follow-up period of 8.6 (± 2.0) years. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers who smoked more than 35 years (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.96) or with ≥ 30 pack-years of smoking (1.40, 1.05–1.87) were positively associated with gastric cancer. These associations were shown to be significant with increasing smoking years (p trend 0.019) and pack-years (0.016) as well. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers who initiated smoking at a younger age, before or at 20 years, were at a higher risk of gastric cancer (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10–1.93). No significant associations were observed among former smokers. When stratified by smoking duration, increased risk of gastric cancer was observed among those who smoked for more than 25 years in the younger smoking initiation age group (≤ 20 years; HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15–1.94, p for trend = 0.011). In terms of smoking intensity, those who smoked less than 20 cigarettes or 1 pack a day showed an increased risk of gastric cancer in the younger smoking initiation age group that began smoking before or at 20 years of age (1.78, 1.30–2.44, p for trend = 0.006).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that earlier initiation of smoking is associated with a greater risk of gastric cancer, regardless of smoking duration. Thus, measures to manage and control onset age of cigarette smoking among teenagers may be considered when taking actions against the health burden of gastric cancer.
A REVIEW ON PREVALENCEOF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC IN CURRENT LIFE
Authors:   Research Scholar. Department of Life Science, Calicut University., K.P Hasna , Jauhar Muhammadali ,   Research Scholar. SNGC Coimbatore- 105,Bharathiar University.
Published: September 2022

Plastics have become an integral part of our lives. The problem of conventional plastics istaking decades to degrade in nature. Plastic waste is increasing every year and the precise time needed for biodegradation is unknown. Environmental awareness has driven the development of new biodegradable materials, especially for single use plastic items. Synthetic plastics provide a range of utilities in the civilization of mankind, at the same time the accumulation of these nonbiodegradable plastic in the environment is a menacing drawback increasing day by day. So thatthe management of plastic waste is a worldwide concern and also a substitute for plastic has become essential to us.
IMPACT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Chandran Anjana , Wilson Nisha
Published: September 2022

Vitamin D deficiency (vdd) is a public health problem. 50% of the world population have inadequate levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. More than 90% of pregnant women had vitamin D insufficiency. According to the vitamin D council, pregnancy is a known risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of preâ€eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Pregnant mothers who are deficient in vitamin D should be treated with cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol. Supplementing pregnant women with vitamin D reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birthweight and the risk of severe postpartum haemorrhage.
SIMULATION OF THE IMPACT OF HYDROFLUOROCARBON (HFC) EMISSIONS IN TOGO ON GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
Authors:   Laboratoire de Chimie Atmospherique (LCA), Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome (UL)., AYASSOU Koffi , SABI Kokou ,   Laboratoire de Chimie Atmospherique (LCA), Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome (UL).,   Laboratoire Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Dechets (GTVD), Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome (UL)., KORIKO Moursalou ,   Laboratoire de Chimie Atmospherique (LCA), Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome (UL).,   Laboratoire Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Dechets (GTVD), Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome (UL).
Published: September 2022

Background:Several IPCC scenarios have predicted a global temperature increase of 1.5Â°C by 2030 attributable to greenhouse gases (GHGs) including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) controlled by the Kigali Amendment. Objectives:Thus, this study aims to simulate the increase in global temperature by 2030 attributed only to HFC emissions in Togo, given that the country is a party to the Kigali amendment and the Paris agreement. Methods:The methodology applied in this study is based on the projection to 2030 of HFC emissions in 2018 in order to simulate their impact on global average temperature using the LEAP-IBC tool. Results:HFCs emissions in Togo will reach 2598.13 GgCO2-e and will contribute to the increase in global average temperature by representing 18/100000 of the 0.5Â°C over the period 2018 to 2030 predicted by the IPCC scenarios. This increase attributed to the HFCs sector alone in Togo once again shows the impact of GHG on global average temperature.These results should therefore alert political decision-makers to redouble their efforts in the implementation of mitigation measures.
EVALUATION OF XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV. MANIHOTIS POPULATION IN INFECTED STEMS OF CASSAVA VARIETIES AND THE IMPACT ON NEW SPROUTS
Authors:   Ecole Superieure dAgronomie, Universite de Lome (ESA/UL), 01BP 1515, Lome (Togo)., Banito Agnassim , Kossi Kpemoua Essotina ,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome (Togo)., Tedihou Ekanao ,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome (Togo)., Bissang Badating ,   Institut de Conseil et dAppui Technique (ICAT), BP 20804, Lome (Togo)., Wydra Kerstin ,   Centre for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Forestry (CeTSAF) -Tropenzentrum Georg-August UniversitÃ¤t Goettingen, Buesgenweg 1, D-37077 Goettingen (Germany).
Published: September 2022

A prerequisite for a healthy cassava plantation is the use of non-infected planting material. Therefore, the distribution of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in cassava stems of four genotypes was determined with the aim to develop recommendations for the selection of healthy stem material for planting to avoid cassava bacterial blight. X. axonopodis pv. manihotis was detected in stems of the susceptible varieties Ben86052 and Fetonegbodji, in a discontinuous colonization pattern and not restricted to any part of the stem, with higher numbers in the upper parts of the stem (107 cfu/g for Ben86052 and 106 cfu/g for Fetonegbodji), than in the middle and basal parts (103 to 104 cfu/g). Although 90-100% and 50-90% of cuttings of varieties Ben86052 and Fetonegbodji, respectively, harbored the pathogen, only 40-50% and 20-40%, respectively, of emerging sprouts were infected. From most of the cuttings in which the bacterium was not detected, healthy sprouts emerged. No bacterial blight symptoms occurred on the known relatively resistant genotypes TMS30572 and Ggazekoute in the field, and X. axonopodis pv. manihotis was not found in any part of the plants, nor did any of the new sprouts from the planted cuttings show disease symptoms. Thus, symptomless plants of the two genotypes can be considered free of bacteria and therefore can be recommended to farmers as suitable planting material to reduce disease incidence.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISEASE ACTIVITY AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Mahmoud Salwa , El-Hady Aliaa , Said El Molla Soad , M. Kamel Mai
Published: September 2022

Objectives:To compare hearing thresholds between control subjects and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and between active and remission status. Materials and Methods:Thirty(30) Rheumatoid patients (RA group) and Twenty (20) healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. Both groups were subjected to audiological testing: Pure tone audiometry, extended high frequency audiometry and auditory brain stem response (ABR). In RA group, the disease activity was assessed using DAS28-CRP. Results:The air conduction pure-tone hearing thresholds were significantly higher at frequencies: 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz in the RA than control group. The extended high frequency audiometry hearing thresholds were significantly higher in Rheumatoid patients at 12000 and 16000 Hz. ABR showed a significant difference between the RA and control group regarding the absolute wave Vlatency only (P<0.05).The thresholds of pure tone audiometry and extended high frequency audiometry were higher in active patients than patients with remission, with significant difference at 12000 and 16000 Hz. A significant difference was observed between the active patients and patients with remission for the absolute wave Vlatency only. There was a significant positive correlation between the hearing threshold, ABR wave V latencyand the activity of the RA patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: RA patients are at risk of hearing impairement, especially those with active disease.
MANAGEMENT OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA FOLLOWING DRUG INTOXICATION WITH DAPSONE IN THE ABSENCE OF METHYLENE
Authors: Saroukh F. , Mourouth H. , Younous S.
Published: September 2022

Methemoglobinemia is an altered state of hemoglobin by auto-oxidation resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Methemoglobinemia can be congenital, but the acquired form is the most common, often caused by various drugs and toxins. Methylene blue is the most effective antidote for acquired methemoglobinemia. When methylene blue is not available, alternative treatments such as ascorbic acid, cimetidine, and hyperbaric oxygen may be helpful. In this article, we report a case of methemoglobinemia due to intoxication following voluntary ingestion of 50 tablets of dapsone for the purpose of suicide in a young child of 10 years.
ASSESSMENT OF ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY (ERAS®) PROTOCOL IN COLORECTAL CANCER SURGERY
Authors:   SPR, Surgical A Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Ullah Muhib , Alam Jamshed ,   Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Ud Din Khan Imran ,   SPR, Surgical CUnit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Usman Muhammad ,   SPR, Surgical B Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Hussain Iltaf ,   Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer among men and is second in women. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is used to improve the patient who underwent colorectal cancer surgery. Therefore, this study analyzed the clinical data of patients with colorectal cancer surgery who were treated according to the ERAS protocol. Method: Patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgery between January 2017 and August 2022 were recruited in the current study. On the day of admission, patients were informed of the ERAS protocol and written informed consent form was taken from each patient. The ERAS team closely monitored and documented each ERAS protocol. The study outcome includes post-operative complications, re-admission and re-operation rate within 30 days, and length of hospital stay. The intention-to-treat statistical model was used for the current study. The data were analyzed using SPSS v25 and JamoviÂ®. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 61.85 Â± 8.45 years. Most of the participants were male (64.2%), and the most common co-morbidities were hypertension (27.6%) and diabetes (26.8%). The patients in the high adherence group showed a significant reduction in the post-operative complications(p<0.001) based on Clavienâ€“Dindograding. Surgical wound infection was most reported surgical complication (30.1%). Additionally, paralytic ileus (17.9%) and abdominal abscess (16.3%) were also common. Overall, the post-operative surgical complications were significantly reduced in the high adherence group. More than half of the study participants were re-admitted within 30 days (54.5%), and most prevalent in the low and mild adhered groups. Conclusion: The present research found that when adherence to the ERAS protocol increased, surgical complications, re-admission, re-operation, and duration of stay in the hospital decreased significantly.
ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN (CA19-9) AND CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PANCREATIC CARCINOMA
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Alam Jamshed , Ullah Muhib ,   SPR, Surgical A Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Usman Muhammad ,   SPR, Surgical B Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Ud Din Khan Imran ,   SPR, Surgical C Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan., Hussain Iltaf ,   Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.
Published: September 2022

Objective:To investigate the potential utility of pre-treatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9) as prognostic indicators to assess prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma. MaterialsandMethods:This retrospective observational study was carried out at the Department of General Surgery Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from July 2017 to June 2022. A total of 70 patients with the diagnosis of pancreaticcarcinoma were enrolled.Allpatientswerehistologicallydiagnosedwithpancreaticcarcinoma. ThelevelsofCA19-9andCEAwereevaluatedbeforetreatment.Allpatientsreceivedeitheranoperation,chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and patientswho only received supportive care, palliative surgery or othertreatmentswerenotincludedinthestudy.Patients with a history of other malignancies were excluded. Results:A total of 70 patients were included in this study. Age ranged between 25-75 years, with a mean age of 50 years. Included patients were stratified into 2 groups (35 each) in regard to their preoperative CEA & CA 19-9 level. Group 1: (Normal serum level group, CEA level value <5ng/ml & CA19-9 <37 U/ml), Group 2: (Elevated level group Ã¢Â‰Â¥5ng/ml & Ã¢Â‰Â¥37 U/ml)There were 19(54.3%) males and 16(45.7%) females in group 1 with male to female ratio of 1.18:1 and 18(51.4%) male & 17(48.6%) females in group 2 with male to female ratio 1.05:1. CA 19-9 and CEA were evaluated at initial diagnosis,andthemedianlevelswere37U/mL(range,0.1-20000U/mL) and 3.4 ng/mL (range, 0.04-8566 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion:Patientswithelevated serum CEA levels at diagnosis demonstrated poor overall survival. Pre-treatment CEA level may predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
SYNDROME DE DECOMPRESSION PERICARDIQUE : LORSQUE LE DRAINAGE PERICARDIQUE TOURNE AU DESASTRE :A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors:   Departement De Cardiologie Et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Zahid FZ. , Atidi M. ,   Departement De Cardiologie Et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Wakrim Z. ,   Departement De Cardiologie Et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Eljamili M. ,   Departement De Cardiologie Et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Elhattaoui M. ,   Departement De Cardiologie Et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc.
Published: September 2022

Le syndrome de decompression pericardique (SDP) est une complication peu frequente apres pericardiotomieou pericardiocentese dune tamponnade liquidienne. Nous rapportons le cas du syndrome de decompression pericardique apres pericardiocentese chez une jeune qui sest presentee aux urgences pour une tamponnade. La technique a ete realisee par reperage echographique en utilisant une coupe sous-xyphoidienne et environ 1000 mL ont ete retires. Douze heures apres la pericardiocentese, son etat hemodynamique sest paradoxalement altere.Apres elimination des autres etiologies, le diagnostic de SDP a ete retenu.Le SDP est une situation daggravation hemodynamique fatale pouvant conduite au deces. Le diagnostic precoce et une assistance circulatoire transitoire ameliorent le pronostic.