bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control Environment and Operational Efficiency in SACCOs: a case study of Butuuro Peoples’ SACCO
Authors: Barigye Benson , Ocan Johnson , Akena Adyanga Francis
Published: February 2025

The study assessed the influence of control environment on the operational efficiency in SACCOs using a case study of Butuuro SACCO. The primary data collected from members of the Board, Supervisory Committee, Elders (who served on the Board and retired) and staff of the SACCO was collected using self-administered questionnaires framed on the Likert scale of 1 to 5. The sample of 54 respondents was selected using Yamane formula. Individual respondents in the study were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The reliability of data was achieved using the Cronbach Alpha which was established at 0.851 for the control environment and 0.704 for operational efficiency. Collected data was analyzed using inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between control environment and operational efficiency (r=0.472, P=0.000), control environment explains 22% (R2 =0.22) of variance in operational efficiency, the beta value for control environment from the regression model was 0.472 at p< 0.03. The study concludes that control environment has a significant positive association with operational efficiency. The study recommends a strong and effective environment for improving the operational efficiency of SACCOs.
A New Paradigm for Economic Sustainability in Riau: Productive Zakat as a Mechanism for Social Development
Authors: Suri Dewi Puspa , Kamaliah Kamaliah , Halim Edyanus Herman
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the impact of mustahiq independence, assess the effects of economic sustainability, and evaluate the synergy of the pentahelix model on the acceptance and utilization of productive zakat funds to enhance long-term effectiveness, efficiency, and welfare. The population consists of 28,087 recipients of BAZNAS productive zakat programs in Riau Province, employing Quota Sampling to ensure group representation. Data analysis is conducted using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling) to assess the program's effects on economic independence and sustainability. The findings indicate that mustahiq independence, sustainability, and pentahelix synergy significantly influence productive zakat programs. However, only pentahelix synergy demonstrates a positive impact, while independence and sustainability have negative influences. This study’s novelty lies in its quantitative, holistic approach to measuring independence, sustainability, and pentahelix synergy. Additionally, the development of specific indicators for these variables is a new contribution, providing a foundation for future research employing robust statistical methods to enhance accuracy and relevance in diverse contexts.
Impact of Employee Competence and Loyalty on Job Promotion: An SEM-PLS Approach
Authors: Santoso Teguh Iman , Alamsyah Muhammad Nurwaskita
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of employee competence and loyalty on job promotion outcomes in the context of Indonesia's manufacturing sector. It investigates how these factors interact and influence promotion decisions, drawing on theories such as social exchange theory and the resource-based view. The findings reveal that while competence is a critical determinant of job performance, loyalty significantly enhances an employee's chances of promotion by increasing their visibility and perceived value within the organization. The study also provides practical recommendations for HR departments, emphasizing the importance of training programs, recognition systems, and supportive organizational cultures. These insights contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of competence and loyalty in career advancement. Despite some limitations, including its focus on a single industry, the study paves the way for future research to expand on these findings and explore the dynamics of competence and loyalty across different industries and regions.
The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio and Return On Assets on Company Value
Authors: Agusiady Ricky , Rahmawati Adelia , Ratnawati Aryanti , Ismail Muhammad Taofik , Gustirani Indri , Lestari Henny Setyo
Published: February 2025

Company value is important for a company, because before investing, investors will conduct a survey first, one of which is to look at the development of the company's value. Automotive companies and their components listed on the IDX in 2017-2021 had unstable growth, as seen during the Covid 19 pandemic, the company value of these companies fluctuated and even predominantly decreased. Many factors can effects company value. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out, explain and describe the effect of the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Assets on the Value of Automotive Sub-Sector Companies and Their Components Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-202 period. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 15. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique, so that a sample of 8 companies was obtained. The data analysis method in this research uses multiple regression tests because there is more than one independent variable that effectss the dependent variable. Data processing in this research uses Eviews version 9. The results obtained in this research are that the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Assets partially have a significant effect on company value (Tobin's Q). Simultaneously the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Assets obtained results that simultaneously had a significant effect on company value (Tobin's Q). The most recent of this research is the period of increasing years.
Mechanical behavior of additive manufactured wood-based composites for construction
Authors:   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, United States., Yapa Hamillage Milinda , Carne Robert ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States., G McDonald Armando ,   Forest and Sustainable Products Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States, Maughan Michael ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States., A Ibrahim Ahmed ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, United States., J Robertson Daniel ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States.
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing of composites composed of wood residues and ecofriendly binders such as sodium silicate could reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. In this paper the spatially varying mechanical behavior of a single layer of a 3D-printed wood-sodium silicate composite with a 50:50 wt.% known as PrinTimber was investigated. Flexural testing revealed the outer edges of a single printed layer of composite material exhibited greater strength compared to the inner regions of the same sample. Furthermore, tensile tests demonstrated that the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of a single layer was lower than the transverse modulus of elasticity of the same layer. Optical images revealed the 3D printing process tended to arrange wood fibers in a particular manner. The unique fiber arrangement within the layer explains the observed directional dependent response of the sample.
Transforming waste into strength with recycled tire steel fibers for superior concrete performance
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, Hameed Asif , Murtaza Rasool Ali ,   National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK), Lahore 54000, Pakistan., Lal Ratan ,   HJ Russell & Company, Atlanta, Georgia, 30363, United States of America, Ullah Qazi Asad , Nosheen Maryam ,   Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Published: February 2025

Despite extensive research on using waste tire fibers in concrete, a detailed examination of flexural toughness, impact resistance, and optimized fiber dosage for applications in high-stress industrial floors and slabs remains limited. This study uniquely focuses on maximizing these properties by varying waste tire steel fiber content to determine the ideal mix for enhanced performance in concrete, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional steel fibers. The fibers’ diameter was 0.82mm and length was equal to 50 mm with an aspect ratio of 61. A design mix with compressive strength equal to 25-30 MPa at different dosages of fibers i.e., 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of concrete was prepared and results were compared with control concrete samples for applicability in slabs on grade and industrial floors. Workability was reduced by fiber addition, but SP was adjusted to achieve the target slump. Split tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexure strength were improved with maximum values at 1.5% fiber content. Post-peak behavior and toughness were significantly improved by adding fibers. Impact resistance results were also promising for the first crack and ultimate failure.
Study on seismic performance of high-strength steel earthquake-resilient beam-column joint with double damage elements
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, No.5 Jinhua Road, Xi’an 710048, PR China, Guo Hongchao , Zheng Dongdong , Lu Jing , Zhou Xudong , Wang Wenqi ,   School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi’an University of Technology, No.5 Jinhua Road, Xi’an 710048, PR China, Liu Yunhe ,   State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, No.5 Jinhua Road, Xi’an 710048, PR China
Published: February 2025

The mutual constraint between bearing capacity, stiffness, and post earthquake recoverability has always been the contradiction of earthquake resilient joint. Taking into account the above three factors, this paper proposes a high-strength steel earthquake resilient beam column joint with double damage elements. Low cycle reciprocating loading tests were conducted, and a refined finite element model was established for parameter expansion analysis. The research findings show a significant time sequence in the joint double damage element, with both components dissipating over 90% of energy. In contrast, main components like beams and columns dissipate less than 10% of energy. The residual deformation of the joints is within the specified DS2 level limit in the FEAM P-58 standard, indicating excellent post-earthquake recoverable performance. The influence of the length lb of the energy dissipation section in the middle of the flange cover plate, the height hs of the stiffening rib, the length lc of the cantilever beam, and the cutting angle αa of the butterfly damper on the joint performance was studied. The results show that lb significantly affects the loading stability of the flange cover plate, thereby affecting the joint performance. It is recommended to ensure that the stability coefficient of the flange cover plate is not less than 0.967; Considering all factors, it is recommended that hs be taken as 0.2 times the width of the flange cover plate, lc be taken as 1.3 times the height of the beam, and αa taken as 50°. Finally, a calculation method for the joint trilinear skeleton curve model was proposed through theoretical derivation and data fitting. By comparing the theoretical calculation results with experimental and finite element calculation results, it was found that the curves matched well, proving the effectiveness of the proposed joint skeleton curve calculation method.
Hubungan Aktivitas Integrasi Visual Motorik Dengan Handwriting Skills Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Nur Amanah Khamila Osama , Kurnia Aam , Nurdiansah Nano
Published: February 2025

Handwriting skills pada anak usia dini merupakan keterampilan dasar yang penting dalam perkembangan akademis mereka. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi handwriting skills ini adalah integrasi visual motorik, yaitu kemampuan untuk mengkoordinasikan persepsi visual dengan gerakan motorik tangan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di Kelompok B RA Al-Hasan Panyileukan Kota Bandung yang menunjukkan adanya masalah pada keterampilan motorik halusnya. Hal ini terlihat dari sejumlah anak, di mana 50% diantaranya mengalami kesulitan dalam memegang dan mengendalikan alat tulis, yang menyebabkan adanya hambatan pada handwriting skills mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara integrasi visual motorik dengan handwriting skills anak usia dini. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh artinya jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan menetapkan seluruh populasi sebagai responden penelitian. Teknik pegumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh harga t hitung 3.59 > t tabel 2.179, maka dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima. Artinya adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara integrasi visual motorik dengan handwriting skills anak usia dini, di mana anak-anak dengan kemampuan integrasi visual motorik yang baik cenderung memiliki handwriting skills yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, intervensi yang difokuskan pada latihan visual motorik di lingkungan pendidikan anak usia dini dapat menjadi langkah efektif dalam mendukung perkembangan handwriting skills mereka.
National Memory, Primitive Emotion and Gender Metaphor: Tracing the Origins of Barnett Newman's Creative Ideology
Authors: Zou Deshu
Published: February 2025

Barnett Newman returned to the origins of art history and the history of artistic creation. Through expressing the experiences and emotions of the Jewish people, he elucidated the close relationship between his work and post-Holocaust memory, exploring the national narratives and cultural implications inherent in abstract forms. Primitive artistic forms and the experiences of early humans with the external world played a significant role in Newman's creative philosophy, conveying a transcendent perception resonant with primal emotions. Additionally, Newman's works reflect the complexities of gender identity and the conflicting struggles of self-perception and bodily experience. His art holds unique significance and value in challenging conventional perceptions, initiating pluralistic dialogues, and exploring gender metaphors. Centered on Newman's creations and discourse, this study elucidates the sources of his creative philosophy, captures the artist's creative intent, and offers a glimpse into the process by which modern individuals, amid tragic circumstances, seek and construct self-awareness and modern identity.
Study on the Legal Characterization of Copyright and Infringement of Characters in Fanfictions
Authors: Pan Zile
Published: February 2025

With the development and popularization of the Internet in China, fanfiction culture has simultaneously flourished. As this culture garners increasing public attention and begins to enter the commercial sphere, conflicts arise between fanfiction characters and the copyrights of original works. These conflicts inevitably lead to disputes over the copyright infringement of fanfiction characters. However, China's current copyright law does not explicitly recognize the concept of "fanfictions," and gaps remain in the legislative framework and judicial practices. These gaps result in uncertainty regarding the copyrightability of characters, inconsistencies in methods for judging infringement, and overly stringent criteria for determining fair use in fanfiction copyright infringement cases. To address these issues, improvements to relevant laws and regulations are necessary. This can be achieved by targeting existing challenges, incorporating characters into the scope of copyright law, clarifying the elements required for a characters copyrightability, establishing standards for determining substantial similarity between characters, and expanding the fair use doctrine.
Integrating Intercultural Communicative Competence in College EFL Teaching in China: Roles and Challenges for Teacher
Authors: Ma Yan
Published: February 2025

Under the background of globalization, the necessity and importance of intercultural communication have become increasingly prominent. As one of the worlds major economies and a populous country, Chinas cultivation of talents with intercultural communication competence (ICC) deserves attention. This scholarly review examines the pedagogical implications and complexities faced by English language instructors in fostering ICC within Chinese tertiary education. Through a comprehensive analysis of both domestic and international scholarly literature, this investigation elucidates the conceptual framework, constituent elements, and significance of ICC. The study synthesizes existing research to illuminate the pivotal function of educators in facilitating intercultural competence within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructional paradigm. The challenges in intercultural English teaching include an overemphasis on language and cultural knowledge at the expense of intercultural communication skills, excessive reliance on textbooks, and insufficient practical experience and training for teachers. To augment educators' ICC, it is crucial to enrich their knowledge base, amalgamate cultural education with language pedagogy, and refine training programs centered on intercultural communication.
Innovative Research on the Construction of College Counselors' Team in the New Era
Authors: Chen Gen , Zhang Qin
Published: February 2025

In the context of the new era, the construction of the college counselors' team is imbued with a novel and profound mission of expediting the modernization drive of education in China. Functioning as a linchpin in the ideological indoctrination and comprehensive quality cultivation of college students, as well as in spearheading the ideological vanguard, the significance of constructing a robust and proficient counselors' team is self-evident and of paramount importance. Albeit remarkable strides have been achieved in recent times with respect to both the magnitude and caliber of the counselors' team, a multitude of practical conundrums and developmental impasses remain extant. These are epitomized by equivocal role demarcations, insufficient cultural profundity, misapprehended social standing, and tenuous professional self-acknowledgment. This treatise centers on the cardinal dimensions of the counselors' team construction. It undertakes a meticulous and incisive dissection of the prevailing quandaries and proffers an array of innovative and efficacious resolutions. Specifically, by precisely circumscribing the counselors' duty frontiers, fortifying the cultural-educational impetus, elevating social recognition and status, and buttressing professional self-identification, the overarching aim is to optimize the team's structural configuration, ensure that each team member discharges their designated functions with alacrity and precision, harness the full potential of the team's collaborative synergy, and actualize a judicious apportionment of resources. Concomitantly, this research actively delves into nascent pathways for counselors in the ideological domain. By augmenting work competence and proficiency, it comprehensively augments the holistic quality and professional acumen of the counselors' team, thereby synchronizing with the exigencies and imperatives of the burgeoning development of higher education in the new epoch.
An Analysis of Women Suffering Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Authors: Li Jingyi
Published: February 2025

The concept of gender equality helped bring the issue of sexual harassment into public discourse, shifting it from a private concern to a matter requiring societal attention. As society moved away from viewing sexual harassment as a private matter, increasing numbers of women sought legal recourse, bringing workplace harassment issues to the forefront of public concern. This article examines the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment across various social groups and the consequences that victims must endure as a result. The article also considers possible explanations for the occurrence of this phenomenon. This article aims to draw peoples attention toward the severity and universality of sexual harassment by providing profound theories and studies. By challenging traditional beliefs that women are expected to serve others, this article emphasizes the importance of recognizing sexual harassment as a human rights issue that requires awareness and action from both women and men. Recognizing sexual harassment as an issue that must be eradicated reflects the development and maturation of womens rights ideology. Raising awareness about the universality and severity of sexual harassment encourages the establishment of widely recognized moral standards.
Facilitating Flow in Gaming: An Analysis of Black Myth: Wukongs Design Elements
Authors: Pan Boyu
Published: February 2025

Flow, a psychological state of deep engagement and enjoyment, is central to the game's success and player satisfaction. This paper explores how Black Myth: Wukong, a recent popular action role-playing game, fosters the flow experience for players through its thoughtful design elements. Three key components contribute to the flow experience: avatar design, the combat system, and the storyline. The avatar, the Destined One, facilitates flow by offering smooth, fluid motion and fostering player identification, thus enhancing immersion. The combat system strikes a balance between challenge and skill, accommodating both novice and expert players through intuitive mechanics, rewarding precise timing, and dynamic boss fights driven by reinforcement learning. Additionally, the game's epic storyline provides clear goals and higher-level purposes, enriching the player experience and encouraging emotional involvement. Together, these elements create an environment where players can lose themselves in the game, achieving a state of flow that enhances both enjoyment and performance. This analysis suggests that Black Myth: Wukong serves as an exemplary model for future game design, focusing on player engagement and well-being rather than simple addiction or superficial pleasure. It also offers valuable insights into how games can better align with the principles of flow.
A Comprehensive Review of Suicide among Migrant Older Adults (65+ Years) in Australia
Authors: Liu Yiting
Published: February 2025

Australia's multicultural society, influenced by high levels of immigration, presents unique challenges for older migrants (aged 65 years and older). This review focuses on factors influencing increased suicide rates among older migrants, a critical but underexplored public health issue. This review examines the interaction between migration history, acculturation, and ageing, highlighting the compounding risk of mental illness, loneliness, and social isolation. The review used a comprehensive review approach, combining data from Australian and international sources. It identified key risk factors such as acculturative stress, chronic health conditions, and bereavement, as well as protective factors such as community engagement and access to culturally sensitive mental health services. Notably, suicide rates were higher among older male migrants, particularly those with limited social support or loss of autonomy. The findings emphasize the importance of developing specific initiatives to meet the mental health requirements of elderly people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Recommendations include improving access to mental health care, strengthening social integration programs, and culturally tailored suicide prevention strategies. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the vulnerabilities of Australia's older migrant population and provides a foundation for evidence-based policy and practice.
Research on Innovation and Flexibility of Senior High School Education System
Authors: Shen Yining
Published: February 2025

Chinese senior high school exam-oriented education has been continuously influenced by the Chinese traditional education system for thousands of years which is often based on scores and rankings as the core competition points. In modern times, constant education reform and learning from the continuous improvement and improvement finally evolved into the current exam-oriented education system. Under the exam-oriented background, it has its own unique excellent characteristics, but it also has some shortcomings which mainly embody at the lack of innovation and flexibility, the severe situation of students' psychological behavior under great pressure and other small aspects. This paper will analyze the education system from these aspects, and puts forward relevant suggestions for improvement in view of the problems existing in exam-oriented education: pay more attention to students' academic performance and comprehensive quality and ability, and build a Chinese-style quality-oriented education suitable for Chinese senior high school students. Additionally, it is better to introduce related technology to assist in order to learn from the existing basis and constantly innovate. Only in this way can China promote a balanced development of China's education.
A Study of the Impact of Science and Technology in Education on Teaching and Learning Implementation
Authors: Guo Jinjing
Published: February 2025

In the era of scientific and technological development, science and technology have also begun to enter the academic world, and more and more classrooms have begun to use science and technology to help teaching and learning. The impact of science and technology has received widespread attention, but the pros and cons of this still need to be discussed. This paper analyses the use of science and technology in classroom teaching. The analyses show that science and technology can break the limitations of traditional teaching and learning, which are reflected in the teacher's teaching methods, teaching techniques, and feedback. In addition, the use of technology can also enrich the classroom teaching form, expanding teaching resources. At the same time, there are many problems and challenges associated with the use of technology. Misuse of technology and low-quality technological environments pose significant challenges. Many teachers have low information awareness and poor IT skills. For this reason, this paper suggests that there is a need to examine the pros and cons of technology and to use it appropriately. On the part of teachers themselves, in-service teacher training and the promotion of information awareness or digital literacy are also needed.
Research and Countermeasures on the Negative Transfer of Hunan Dialect Accent on the Pronunciation of English Vowels
Authors: Xiao Ying
Published: February 2025

English language education and proficiency play a key role in today's world, not only facilitating cross-cultural communication and understanding, but also serving as an important tool for accessing information, participating in international affairs, and enhancing personal competitiveness and career development. For students in Hunan today, the Hunan dialect hinders the correct acquisition of English accents to some extent. This paper studies the missing parts of Hunanese accents in English phonetics, concludes that the missing parts in vowels bring about negative transfer, and provides some guidance on dealing with this deficiency. This paper uses the corpus of 10 participants, which contains 17 words with different vowel sounds, and imports it into Praat for analysis. It can be concluded that the Hunan dialect has a negative transfer effect on English pronunciation in terms of a partial lack of phonetic features.
Epistemological Holism and Underdetermined Truth: Towards a Quinean Relativism
Authors: Guo Zhao
Published: February 2025

The challenge towards the analytic-synthetic distinction is a frequently discussed topic in Quines works and literature surrounding Quine. The paper utilizes this challenge as a starting point to examine the broader consequences of Quine's epistemological holism and its impact on the Quinean understanding of truth. By introducing the arguments against the analytic-synthetic distinction from the Two Dogmas of Empiricism, the paper suggests that these arguments rest on salient foundations, yet the underestimation of conceptual schemes and the theory-relative qualities ascribed to truth by these arguments could compel a Quinean into accepting a relativistic position towards truth and its own ontology. This move could lead to criticisms and, more importantly, a slip into an overly skeptical account of relativism that Quine does not desire. The paper ends by arguing how Quines position in the Two Dogmas could be clarified to strengthen his epistemological holism against objections on these grounds.
Research on the Obstacles and Paths of the Educational Role of Popular Science Books
Authors: Ma Angelin Z
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the dissemination of science and popular science books has received a lot of attention. However, people now face significant shortcomings, such as the development of social media overshadowing popular science books, oversimplification, and the prevalence of misleading information. Based on this, this paper analyzes the purpose, challenges, and strategies for improving popular science books. It identifies possible limitations in the current system, including repetitive content, and inaccuracies in information, which undermine the effectiveness of these books in science education. This paper proposes the following strategies. First of all, the update of popular science books should focus on integrating real-world applications and bridging the gap between science and daily life. In addition, the content of the book should focus on the implementation of cutting-edge themes to modernize the content. At the same time, based on the background characteristics of the current era of artificial intelligence, the update and development of books can use engaging tools such as animation and interactive online books to improve information dissemination and apply feedback tools to cultivate engagement and interest, to enhance the popularity and educational role of popular science books.
Policy-Driven Shifts in Higher Education: Implications for Academic Freedom, Major Choice, and Curriculum Diversity in the United States
Authors: Tang Zeyuan
Published: February 2025

Higher education in the United States is closely linked with socioeconomic factors, cultural advancements, and opportunities for social mobility. This study examines the allocation of higher education resources within U.S. policy and the limits of institutional autonomy. By integrating quantitative analysis of funding distributions with qualitative analyses of specific universities, this thesis assesses the differential impacts of policy changes on the equity of resource distribution and the level of educational independence. The unequal distribution of educational funding aggravates the inequalities between the institutions and limits the diversification of educational content and the development of pedagogical methods. Moreover, academic freedom restrictions hinder the ability of educational institutions to respond to the needs of society and thereby affect students' possibilities for self-study and critical thinking skills. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that policies driven by governmental and market forces constrain the autonomy of educational institutions, forcing universities to align with external priorities, which eventually takes away from their academic freedom. Collectively, these factors corrode the spirit of equal opportunity in higher education and undermine the ability of institutions to pursue an independent and diverse educational agenda.
Research on the Interpretation and Application of Self-Defense Rights: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Tan Xinyi
Published: February 2025

This study delves deeply into the fundamental right of self-defense within the context of international law, emphasizing its expansive scope, the specific conditions under which it may be exercised, and the potential conflicts it may pose with other internationally recognized principles. By conducting a rigorous qualitative analysis of international legal provisions, judicial decisions rendered by courts, and diverse national practices, the research reveals a multitude of trends and interpretations surrounding this right. It also highlights the discrepancies and varying interpretations that exist among different countries and international organizations. The study shows that the conditions for exercising the right of self-defense in international law, its scope, and its relationship with other international principles are complex and multifaceted. In order to better understand and apply the right of self-defense, the international community should strengthen communication and cooperation, reduce misunderstandings and conflicts, and jointly maintain international peace and security.
Revolution and the Awakening of Individual Consciousness in Modern Chinese Literature: The Conflict Between Family Destiny and Modernity Transformation in Family
Authors: Zeng Xulin
Published: February 2025

Taking Ba Jin's novel Family as the research subject, this paper focuses on using various methods such as textual analysis, historical background research, cultural criticism and reader response to thoroughly explore the conflict and integration between family fate and individual consciousness awakening in modern Chinese literature. Through the detailed analysis of the fate of the characters in the work and their social environment, the paper further examines Ba Jins profound thoughts on the family tradition and the change of modernity. The fate of the characters in Family is closely related to the social environment in which they live. The three brothersJue Xin, Jue Min, and Jue Huiare at the heart of the story, and their fates not only highlight the tension between the individual and the family, but also reflect the turmoil and transformation of society as it moves from the old to the new. Additionally, this paper explores the psychological changes of the characters in Family and their symbolic significance in the quest for modernity. Jue Xin's struggle between family responsibility and personal freedom reflects the suppression of the individual by traditional family values. The article aims to reveal the fates of the characters, particularly the three brothersJue Xin, Jue Min, and Jue Huiin the tide of the times, illustrating their psychological changes during the transition from the old to the new and their symbolic search for modernity. Through this, it analyzes the complexity of China's social transformation and the human struggles within it.
The Requirements and Impacts of Teachers' TPACK Competency for AI Application in Education During the Digital Era
Authors: Liu Chushen
Published: February 2025

Teachers' competence in effectively integrating technology, pedagogy, and subject content (TPACK) has long been a critical area of research. However, despite its importance, educators continue to face emerging challenges in adapting to the rapidly changing educational landscape driven by digitalization and globalization. This paper identifies three major challenges faced by educators in the integration of educational technology: insufficient adaptation to new technologies, difficulties in applying technology-enhanced instructional strategies, and the overwhelming abundance of teaching resources. The lack of strong informational literacy among teachers exacerbates these challenges. This study argues that the development of the TPACK competency can address these issues by equipping educators with the necessary skills to comprehend, manipulate, and integrate new technological tools into their teaching. Based on this, the paper proposes the following recommendations: the introduction of specialized technological training programs, ongoing pedagogical development and reflective activities, and academic sharing and self-oriented learning. These strategies are vital for refining educators' adaptability in the digital age and contribute to their professional growth.
Social Presence in Live-Streaming: Explore the Role of Audience Interaction in Traffic and Sales Conversions on TikTok
Authors: Yang Mei
Published: February 2025

Live streaming has become a popular form of digital communication that combines entertainment, interaction, and commerce to redefine audience engagement. The study uses a mixed methodology that combines descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and feature importance assessment based on a comprehensive dataset of live streams collected over 6 months to explore the impact of audience engagement on traffic and sales. Linear regression, random forest regression, and support vector regression models were used to identify key predictors of traffic and sales. The study results show that the duration of the live streaming significantly increases the traffic. Audience interaction metrics (views and gift_count) are key factors in driving sales conversions. In addition, the study highlights the importance of account types (such as celebrity accounts) and product categories in engaging audiences and driving sales. By analyzing the findings based on the social presence theory, the study sheds light on how interactivity can promote audience engagement and drive purchasing behavior by satisfying the audience's psychological needs and enhancing social connections. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for optimizing live-streaming content and interaction strategies and further expands the relevant research on live streaming in digital communication.
Renewal Design of Public Space in Old Alleys Based on the Theory of Spatial Conflict: A Case Study of Cherry Oblique Street
Authors: Yu Zixuan
Published: February 2025

Old alleys, also known as Hutong in Chinese, are important carriers of urban history and culture. With the rapid development of cities and the rise of tourism, the spatial functions of traditional alleys can no longer fully meet the needs of modernization, leading to conflicts between residents and tourists in this space. This study, through field research and questionnaire surveys, employs spatial conflict theory to conduct an in-depth analysis of the conflicts between residents and tourists in Beijing's alleys. It identifies issues such as the imbalance in the order and structure of public spaces in the alleys, and the conflict between cultural heritage and modern demands. Based on these findings, the article focuses on the "chairs" that represent the conflict between tourists and residents within the alleys, using them as a starting point for the design of renewal plans for alley public spaces. It explores how to balance modern living needs while preserving historical culture, achieving sustainable development of the alleys. As urban development and community needs continue to evolve, such design plans have significant practical and promotional value, effectively promoting the protection and regeneration of urban historical and cultural heritage.
Research on the Social and Economic Activities of Women in the Tang Dynasty
Authors: Zhang Jingxinyi
Published: February 2025

For a long time, women had always been a slightly overlooked part in history. However, their impact goes beyond our imagination. In order to explore the role of women in the Tang Dynasty, different methods were implied. This paper mainly studies the changes in marriage views and property rights, the social and economic activities of women in the Tang Dynasty. It finds that the social and economic status of Tang Dynasty women has improved compared to previous dynasties. Tang Dynasty women were able to freely choose marriage and have legally effective property rights. Additionally, women in the Tang dynasty also had an indelible influence on political and cultural exchanges. By studying the socio-economic life of women in the Tang Dynasty, it is more convenient for us to understand Tang society, complete the discourse power of women in historical research, and further enrich the study of women's history and women's economy.
Kleptomania, Impacting Factors, Intervention and Future Directions
Authors: Wang Linda
Published: February 2025

This literature review investigates kleptomania, an impulse control disorder characterized by a recurrent compulsion to steal objects that are not necessarily needed for personal use. Psychological, emotional, and social factors influencing stealing behavior, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), family dynamics, and feelings of envy, are discussed in this paper. It also evaluates the effectiveness of the current intervention strategies, which include pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and social support systems. Despite the existence of promising approaches, significant gaps remain to bring improvement in the diagnosis and treatment outcomes. This review aims to contribute towards betterment of mental health services for individuals with kleptomania and their families by raising awareness about its complexities.
Understanding and Treating Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: The Interplay of Genetic, Environmental, and Therapeutic Factors
Authors: Ma Xiaorui
Published: February 2025

Millions worldwide suffer from OCD, which begins in adolescence and impairs daily life. Many genetic and environmental variables induce OCD. It examines heredity and environment as OCD causes. OCD is connected to serotonin and dopamine gene polymorphisms. Serotonin and glutamate transporter gene polymorphisms increase OCD risk. OCD is caused by a neurochemical imbalance that affects emotional control and behavior, according to these genetics. Childhood trauma, stress, poor life experiences, and genetics promote OCD symptoms. Neurodevelopment and the stress response system are affected by emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, rendering youngsters more prone to OCD. Early unpleasant experiences can dysregulate the stress-regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, generating anxiety and compulsivity. Life experiences and biological stresses may induce OCD, including prenatal effects, maternal stress, and infections. Genetics and environment complicate OCD's biochemical and experiential factors. This knowledge is essential for OCD therapy and prevention. Early detection of at-risk individuals, especially those with a genetic predisposition to OCD or trauma, permits concentrated therapy. CBT, especially exposure and response prevention, can cure OCD by changing maladaptive cognitive processes and behaviors. Some people's OCD symptoms improve with SSRIs' neurochemical balance. OCD treatment should incorporate genetic and environmental factors, according to this paper. Researchers and doctors can improve patient-specific treatment strategies by analyzing these complex relationships. Genetic testing, environmental assessments, and therapy tactics affect OCD treatment outcomes and quality of life. Genetic and environmental research is needed to understand OCD and develop new treatments and preventative methods.
Aesthetic Standards and Body Anxiety: Womens Self-perception in the Internet Age
Authors: Mu Wenwen
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of the Internet, people can acquire not only academic knowledge but also life skills such as makeup and photography. However, while providing rich resources, the Internet also has potential negative impacts on mental health. Particularly, in the context of the prevalence of a single aesthetic standard, such as "white, thin, and young." Adolescents, especially women, are easily influenced by unhealthy aesthetic concepts, which may lead to psychological problems like dieting behavior and body anxiety. This paper explores the causes of body anxiety from economic and sociocultural perspectives and analyzes the role of women's self-awareness awakening in shaping body cognition. By studying Internet aesthetic culture and its impact on adolescent groups, it is found that modern consumerism and the "perfect body" phenomenon promoted by online platforms have intensified the pursuit of ideal bodies, thus leading to body anxiety problems, which are particularly significant in female groups. However, as women's self-awareness gradually awakens, more and more women have begun to reflect on traditional body standards and advocate body diversity and self-identity. This study has important practical significance. Through an in-depth analysis of the causes of body anxiety, it aims to draw societys attention to the spread of bad aesthetic concepts, provide theoretical support for formulating relevant intervention policies and guiding measures, and promote the formation of a healthier aesthetic culture and social environment.
The Analysis of Lens Language in Cinema Shooting
Authors: Li Bozhe
Published: February 2025

As an important art form, movies have been deeply integrated into people's daily lives. In recent years, the visual elements in movies and their function of emotional transmission have gradually become a key research field for scholars. Taking the visual elements in movies as the research object, this paper explores how light, lens and color convey emotions through different expressive methods. The study adopts the case study method to analyze the role of these visual elements in shaping the emotional atmosphere by combining them with specific movie scenes. It is found that the director not only strengthens the narrative effect through the skillful use of visual elements, but also conveys thoughts and emotions to the audience in an intuitive way. The purpose of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the visual language of the movie, to provide new inspiration and ideas for movie creators, and also to provide a reference for the theoretical research and practical application of movie art, so as to enrich the expression form and viewing experience of movie art.
The Production and Reproduction of Education Inequalities by Socioeconomic Status and Practical Approaches to Reduce Educational Inequality
Authors: Hao Yijia
Published: February 2025

Unequal distributions of education resources in the United States disproportionately affect children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to pursue higher education. This severely limits their academic and career opportunities, as well as hinders the social stability and economic potential of this nation. This essay examines how inequalities are embedded across key educational stages and utilizes a chronological approach to reveal education inequalities, through unequal access to resources and potential system barriers from the preschool level to college. By analyzing the nature of the income-education spiral, this essay reviews how financial constraints and other roots perpetuate the unequal distribution of education resources in all stages. Practical solutions, including the role of the federal government, the role of the states, reforming financial aid systems, and educational savings accounts will be proposed. Through emphasizing feasible steps for all parties in the society, this essay highlights the idea that reducing educational inequality in the United States is essential, for individual empowerment, innovations and advancements of the society, and the economy of the nation.