bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The International Geophysical Month
Authors: Helliwell R. A. , Martin L. H.
Published: October 2006

For convenience, we summarize below some of the main advantages of the IGM concept.

1) Most organizations can mount and support intensive field operations for short periods.

2) High-quality data would be obtained, and the data could be processed more promptly than in long-term projects.

3) Laboratory equipment could in many instances be made available for field operations.

4) Top-caliber researchers would be available for field operations.

5) The participation of small research groups and of research workers from government and industry would be fostered.

6) Student participation would improve educational programs in, and attract needed talent to, the geophysical sciences.

7) Ship, satellite, and rocket observations could be scheduled for IGM's.

8) International scientific conferences scheduled to follow IGM's would attract working scientists.

It is not suggested that these short-term exercises should replace the long synoptic programs characteristic of the IGY. Rather it is proposed that they supplement and guide any such future long-term program. If adopted, they would produce many data of value for the planning and timing of the International Year of the Quiet Sun. To bring emphasis on special observations during the IQSY, International Geophysical Months might well be scheduled to coincide with the June and December solstices, to be followed by an IGM at an equinoctial period. This would provide periods for concentrated sampling—periods in somewhat the same category as the Regular World Intervals adopted during the IGY. The more elaborate experiments could be confined to the International Geophysical Months, so that only those studies for which continuous observations are essential would be scheduled for the entire period. The duration of an International Geophysical Month would be sufficient for carrying out experiments requiring moving platforms such as ships, rockets, or satellites.

It is recommended that every effort be made to schedule the first IGM during the June solstice in 1962. This initial effort could well be followed by the scheduling of IGM's during the December solstice in 1962 and the March equinox in 1963. These exercises would provide information important to the planning and scheduling of the IQSY.
Effects of Nuclear Testing on Desert Vegetation
Authors: Shields Lora M. , Wells Philip V.
Published: October 2006

Detonation of fission-type nuclear devices results in an inner circle of complete denudation of desert shrub vegetation, often about 0.5 mi in radius, surrounded by a zone of partial and selective destruction which is variable in width. The gross injury to vegetation appears to be attributable to mechanical and thermal effects. Successional change in the composition of the vegetation, due to invasion by plants of pioneer character, is taking place in all disturbed areas.
Distribution of Coagulation Proteins in Normal Mouse Plasma
Authors: Allen Robert C. , Meier Hans , Hoag Warren G.
Published: October 2006

Clotting factors in pooled mouse plasma, segregated by continuous-flow electrophoresis, show a distribution similar to those in human plasma, but the separation is more discrete.
Composition of the Milk from
Zalophus californianus
, the California Sea Lion
Authors: Pilson M. E. Q. , Kelly A. L.
Published: October 2006

The milk of
Zalophus californianus
is similar to that of other marine mammals. The chief protein of the milk is casein, which has a lower phosphorus content than bovine casein. There appears to be a complete absence of lactose, and it is believed that this is the first unequivocal demonstration of the absence of lactose from the milk of any mammal.
Chronic Infusion of Tritiated Thymidine into Mice with Tumors
Authors: Mendelsohn M. L.
Published: October 2006

A technique for the chronic infusion of mice is presented. Infusion of tritiated thymidine for 3 to 7 days labels most, but not all, of the cells of autochthonous breast tumors. Many of the unlabeled tumor cells are probably nonproliferating, but some may represent cells with exceptionally long intermitotic times.
Metabolism of Glycogen in Skin and the Effect of Radiation
Authors: Adachi Kenji , Chow Donald C. , Rothman Stephen
Published: October 2006

Continuous biosynthesis of glycogen was demonstrated by perfusion of the skin of dogs with uniformly labeled C
14
-glucose. If the skin is irradiated in vivo with an erythemal dose of x-rays 24 hours prior to perfusion, the uptake of radioactive glucose into glycogen is significantly increased. The irradiation effect appears to be due to enzymatic dysbalance.
Barriers on the Surfaces of Dispersed Particles
Authors: Meltzer Herbert L.
Published: October 2006

A study of some of the factors affecting the extractability of methyl stearate from aqueous methanol has provided evidence for the existence of a disperse phase from which the ester is released at a very slow rate. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be relevant to some problems of binding and activation of substrates in biological systems.
Recovery of Foreleg Placing after Ipsilateral Frontal Lobectomy in the Hemicerebrectomized Cat
Authors: Bogen Joseph E. , Campbell Berry
Published: October 2006

Forelimb placing recovers in variable fashion after contralateral hemicerebrectomy. In three cats showing poor recovery over periods of 2 to 6 months, and then surviving removal of the ipsilateral frontal lobe, further recovery of placing occurred after the second operation.
Direct Determination of Density of Solids
Authors: Reid Allen F. , Halff Albert H.
Published: October 2006

A method and apparatus for directly determining the density of solids is described. Essentially, density is determined by simultaneous measurement of the solid's volume by liquid displacement and of its weight by liquid head increase.
Induction of Changes in Surface Activity of Strain L Cells at Gas-Membrane Interfaces
Authors: Cooper Philip , Goldring Irene , Klein Morris
Published: October 2006

The injection of smoke and non-smoke gases into a perfusion chamber containing monolayers of strain L or HeLa cells in a fluid medium produces cellular changes. The most striking change is surface "blebbing," produced when gas bubbles pass over the surface of the cells. This reaction can be promptly reversed by the injection of fresh medium into the chamber.
Tonic Immobility: Differences in Susceptibility of Experimental and Normal Sheep and Goats
Authors: Moore A. Ulric , Amstey Marvin S.
Published: October 2006

Tonic immobility ("animal hypnosis" or catatonic trance) could not be induced in 1-year-old foster lambs and kids. Control animals, conforming to a characteristic of their species, could be readily immobilized. The suggested explanation for this difference in behavior is that the foster animals did not develop a normal flight distance because of the ambivalent behavior of the "stepmother," who alternately permitted and refused nursing.
Chlorides Affect the Toxicity of Fluorides to Rainbow Trout
Authors: Neuhold John M. , Sigler William F.
Published: October 2006

Results of an experiment designed to test the effect of chloride ion concentration on fluoride toxicity to rainbow trout
(Salmo gairdnerii)
indicated that tempering fish to chloride reduced their response to fluoride.
Plasminogen Activity of Plasma and Serum
Authors: Fantl P.
Published: October 2006

Human plasma and serum were obtained from blood of resting persons. Plasminogen was determined by activation with the optimal amount of streptokinase. As in the majority of cases no significant difference was found between the proteolytic activity of plasma and serum, a blood clot cannot contain more plasminogen than that present in the volume of serum included.
Tranquilizing Drugs and Pregnancy Tests in Male Batrachia
Authors: Bueno M. Miguel E.
Published: October 2006

The reactions for the diagnosis of pregnancy by the use of urine from patients who are receiving tranquilizing drugs of the phenothiazine group have given false positive results when performed in the North American frog
Rana pipiens
. Such false positive reactions are not obtained when the South American toad
Bufo arenarum
is used.
Response of the Neotenic Salamander
Haideotriton wallacei
to a Metamorphic Agent
Authors: Dundee Harold A.
Published: October 2006

The neotenic, cave-dwelling plethodontid salamander
Haideotriton wallacei
undergoes only a few minor integumentary changes and loses only a single bone, the coronoid, when treated with sodium laevo thyroxin. Since neither the animal's thyroid nor the supplementary thyroxin is sufficient to effect substantial metamorphosis, genetic factors probably restrict the animal's ability to transform.
Strontium-90 in the 1959 United States Wheat Crop
Authors: Olson Theodore A.
Published: October 2006

A broad sampling of the 1959 United States wheat crop has been analyzed for the presence of strontium-90. The level of strontium-90 found in these samples is in general agreement with the findings of other investigators, with the exception that the highest levels of strontium-90 in wheat were found in samples from Oklahoma.
Mask for Controlling Visual Input in Cats
Authors: Robinson John S. , Voneida Theodore J.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of visual function frequently requires control of visual input. The present report describes a mask which can be used for achieving this control in a variety of experimental situations.
Amygdaloid Suppression of Hypothalamically Elicited Attack Behavior
Authors: Egger M. David , Flynn John P.
Published: October 2006

Electrodes were implanted in the hypothalamus and in the amygdala of adult cats. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala suppressed attack behavior elicited by the hypothalamic stimulation.
Iron, Organic Matter, and Other Factors Limiting Primary Productivity in a Marl Lake
Authors: Schelske Claire L.
Published: October 2006

Primary productivity of phytoplankton, measured as rate of carbon-14 uptake, was increased by adding iron and other nutrients to lake water, but was not increased by adding nutrients in the absence of iron. Concentrations of chelated iron ranging from 0.010 to 5.0 parts of iron per million increased primary productivity. Iron as a nutrient limiting primary productivity is related to the morphometry, physicochemical characteristics, and low productivity of the lake.
Electroesophagogram of Individual Hookworm (
Ancylostoma caninum
)
Authors: Roche Marcel , Martinez-Torres Carlos , Macpherson Leon
Published: October 2006

A device for recording regular rhythmic electrical phenomena that are synchronous with esophageal contractions in
Ancylostoma caninum
is described.
Direct Tabular Method for Obtaining the Order of a Reaction of a Restricted Class
Authors: Blumberg Avrom A. , Stavrinou Stavros C.
Published: October 2006

When the rate law of a process can be written in the form
X′
= d
x
/d
t
= -
kX
m
, the order
m = XX′′
/(
X′
)
2
may be calculated directly, in lieu of the usual trial-and-error methods. An analytical method is used to calculate the derivatives
X′
and
X′′
from the collected data,
X,
and
t.
Dispersal Patterns of Pleistocene Sands on the North Atlantic Deep-Sea Floor
Authors: Hubert John F.
Published: October 2006

Glauconitic, quartzose sands previously modified on the continental shelf from feldspathic glacial detritus were transported through submarine canyons onto the Hudson deep-sea fan, the Hatteras abyssal plain, and the western and central Sohm abyssal plain. These feldspar-poor, quartzose sands contrast with highly feldspathic sands derived directly from a glacial source and probably transported through the Newfoundland abyssal gap onto the eastern and southern Sohm abyssal plain.
Mating Competitiveness of Chemosterilized and Normal Male House Flies
Authors: LaBrecque G. C. , Meifert D. W. , Smith Carroll N.
Published: October 2006

Male house flies sterilized by feeding on a diet containing 1 percent of apholate (2,2,4,4,6,6-hexa(1-aziridinyl)-2,4,6-triphospha-1,3,5-triazine) were as successful as normal males in competition for mates. The percentage of sterile eggs laid by females in cages containing normal and chemosterilized males was as high as, or higher than, would be expected from the ratio of sterile males present.
Petrofabric Study of Deformed Salt
Authors: Clabaugh Patricia S.
Published: October 2006

Petrofabric examination of salt crystals in Grand Saline salt dome reveals a preferred orientation that may bear significantly on other physical properties and on the genesis of salt domes. The symmetry of the orientation patterns indicates that translation gliding in halite may occur predominantly on cubic glide planes.
Effect of Isomerization on Migratory Analysis
Authors: Mysels Karol J. , Scholten P. C.
Published: October 2006

This graphical reasoning thus shows that from the very beginning of electrophoresis of an isomerizing system a third peak forms between the two peaks of unreacted isomers. This peak is, however, very small at this stage and is therefore normally obscured by diffusion. With time it develops and finally becomes predominant. Whether the three peaks are resolved depends on how rapid diffusion is compared to electrophoretic migration. If diffusion permits good resolution of the two initial peaks, the third one becomes visible between them and gradually absorbs them. If diffusion is too rapid to permit resolution, the shape of the single visible peak changes from a regular gaussian form due to ordinary diffusion alone through a complicated distortion to another regular gaussian due to combined electrodiffusion and diffusion.
Fungilytic Activity of a Species of
Verticillium
Authors: Leal J. A. , Villanueva J. R.
Published: October 2006

A species of
Verticillium
arrested the growth of fungi by extracellular secretions on agar media. The lytic agent in the culture filtrates appeared to be thermolabile and was active in vitro on spores of
Puccinia graminis
. The possibility that the lytic agent is an enzyme has been investigated and purification studies are in progress.
Effect of Isotropic Confining Pressure on Hydrostatic Pressure of Water in Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Day Paul R. , Forsythe Warren M.
Published: October 2006

A theory has been developed for the response of the pore-water pressure
u
w
to pressure applied isotropically to unsaturated soil. The results indicate that the response is determined by two shrinkage characteristics of the soil.
Central Cholinolytic Action of Chlorpromazine
Authors: Steiner W. G. , Himwich H. E.
Published: October 2006

Chlorpromazine was found to have an antagonistic action against the electroencephalographic (EEG) alerting produced in rabbits by cholinergic agents, particularly eserine salycilate and acetylcholine chloride. This cholinolytic action occurs at a prepontine, precollicular level where adrenergic agents fail to elicit EEG alerting. These results emphasize the importance of cholinergic mechanisms in EEG alerting.
Organ Cultures of Newborn Rabbit Skin Affected by Rabbit Papilloma Virus
Authors: De Maeyer Edward
Published: October 2006

Small fragments of newborn rabbit skin were exposed to papilloma virus and transferred to tissue culture. Control cultures were treated the same way, but without addition of the virus. These cultures were then followed for 4 weeks. During the first ten days, the number of epidermal elements declined gradually in both test and control cultures. From the 10th day on, however, a marked proliferation of the remaining epidermal cells was observed in cultures exposed to the virus, whereas no further changes were noticed in the control cultures.
Method for Studying Exploratory Behavior in Infants
Authors: Rheingold Harriet L. , Stanley Walter C. , Cooley John A.
Published: October 2006

An experimental crib has been designed for use in studying the effect of visual feedback upon the exploratory behavior of the human infant. It can be easily adapted to older children, to some animals, and to problems other than the development of exploratory behavior.
On "Reflexive Selection"
Authors: Li C. C. , Moment Gairdner B.
Published: October 2006

Some natural populations show an extremely high degree of polymorphism, especially in color and pattern, which may be interpreted as "protective variation." Two possible genetic models, one based on frequency-stat (like thermostat) and one based on higher selection value of heterozygotes, have been proposed to account for the phenomenon.
Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations and Lethals in
Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Tector M. Anne , Käfer Etta
Published: October 2006

The frequency of translocations induced in diploid conidia of
Aspergillus nidulans
by gamma rays was much higher than that of recessive mutants involving a single chromosome. More than half of the surviving nuclei contained viable translocations at radiation doses within the range normally employed for induction of mutants in microorganisms.
The Scientific Establishment
Authors: Price Don K.
Published: October 2006

In the dimensions of its financial support and in the breadth of its influence, science has indeed become a national Establishment. Politicians are more likely to abuse it by calling on it to advance their special causes than they are to ignore it. In this predicament, scientists cannot protect their essential interests in government by setting themselves apart in a separate status or separate department. They used to be content with the control of particular bureaus or programs. Today, in the White House Office or the lobbies of the Capitol, they are obliged, by the nature of the system they helped create, to play a responsible role in all aspects of national policy, and in the development of a new pattern of relationships between public and private institutions in our society.
Estimates of Energy Budgets for a
Typha
(Cattail) Marsh
Authors: Bray J. Roger
Published: October 2006

Yearly utilization of total solar radiation by a
Typha
marsh shows approximately equal allotment to reflection (albedo), evapotranspiration, and conduction-convection. Reflection during the growing season is proportionally lower because of greater light absorption by the vegetation. Photosynthesis is a negligible quantity, although in relation to visible radiation during the growing season it nearly equals reflection.
Adrenocorticotropin Secretion Inhibited by Implantation of Hydrocortisone in the Hypothalamus
Authors: Davidson Julian M. , Feldman Shaul
Published: October 2006

Small quantities of crystalline hydrocortisone acetate, when implanted stereotaxically into the hypothalamus of rats, resulted in inhibition of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy and in adrenal atrophy. Similar implants of hydrocortisone in the pituitary gland, and of cholesterol in the hypothalamus, had no noticeable effect on the adrenals.
Tracers, Transfer through Membranes, and Coefficients of Transfer
Authors: Nims Leslie F.
Published: October 2006

The rate of flow of a tagged species of a material substance through a permeable membrane is proportional to the rate of flow of the substance itself when, and only when, the species mole fraction of the substance is the same on both sides of the barrier. The ratio of the osmotic transfer coefficient of a substance in a particular barrier to the exchange coefficient, determinable with a tracer, is greater than 1.
Simple and Rapid Method for the Coding of Punched Cards
Authors: Thoma John A.
Published: October 2006

A novel method for the coding of hand-sorted, edge-punched cards based in part on the phonetics of a word is outlined. The greatest utility of the scheme lies in its speed because of the elimination of a need of a controlled index. Experience gained in the operation of the new system is briefly described.
Carbonic Anhydrase and the Precipitation of Apatite
Authors: Bachra Bernard N. , Trautz Otto R. , McConnell Duncan , Frajola Walter J. , Deamer David W.
Published: October 2006

On theoretical grounds it is unlikely that the catalytic action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase would be required for the precipitation of apatite in vitro. The presence of carbonic anhydrase in either active or inactivate form did not initiate precipitation in a metastable calcifying solution. It is unlikely that carbonate (or bicarbonate) ions are essential for the precipitation of apatite in vitro or in vivo.
Electrical Activity in Single Myocardial Cells of
Limulus polyphemus
Authors: McCann Frances V.
Published: October 2006

Single cells of the heart of
Limulus
were examined
in situ
with conventional microelectrodes. Resting and action potentials were measured in a total of 20 animals, with 25 penetrations per heart during normal spontaneous activity. Resting-potential values averaged 45 millivolts. Action potentials showed a rapid upstroke and a prolonged plateau. A small, irregular burst of electrical activity occurred during the plateau phase, a discharge presumably associated with the "neurogenic" character of the heartbeat. There was no significant overshoot, nor was there any topographical localization of action-potential "types."
Possible Quick-Clay Motion in Turbidity Currents
Authors: Kerr Paul F.
Published: October 2006

Sensitive clay masses that lie dormant for years but, as the result of a sudden shock, become turbulent, flowing mud, have been called quick clays. Such masses may move in quantity over almost flat terrain, and they exhibit the power to transport buildings and other heavy objects considerable distances. On theoretical grounds it is proposed that one of the elements in the flowage of turbidity currents on the ocean floor may be comparable to quick-clay flowage on land. Both types of flowage cover considerable areas, may move on a comparatively flat base, exhibit fairly rapid motion, involve masses of colloidal-size clay and detritus, exhibit powerful transporting power, involve porous material of high water content, and are initiated by some form of trigger action. While experimental data are inadequate for proof, the parallelism in these two forms of erosional movement warrants the suggestion that the mobile mechanisms responsible for mass transport may be similar in the two cases.
Occurrence of Whitlockite in Chondritic Meteorites
Authors: Fuchs Louis H.
Published: October 2006

The first reported occurrence of the tricalcium phosphate mineral, whitlockite, in several chondrites is described. The identification of this mineral and previously reported chlorapatite were made by x-ray diffraction; the results do not confirm the postulated existence of meteoritic merrillite. Some other remarks pertaining to the existence of merrillite are presented.
Amygdalectomy in the Kitten
Authors: Kling Arthur
Published: October 2006

Kittens sustaining bilateral amygdalectomy failed to show behavioral changes seen in the adult after subjection to similar lesions. No growth deficits or hypopituitarism occurred in the kittens. A certain level of neuroendocrine maturation may be necessary for the effects of amygdalectomy to be manifested.
Dialyzable Cofactor in Nerve Growth Promoting Protein from Mouse Salivary Glands
Authors: Schenkein Isaac , Bueker Elmer D.
Published: October 2006

Cohen's method for preparing the nerve growth factor from mouse submaxillary glands was followed to the last ammonium sulfate fraction. Further purification was accomplished with carboxymethyl- and diethylaminoethyl- column chromatography. Three peaks were obtained for each column; the third peak obtained with diethylaminoethyl cellulose was the most active. Electrophoresis of this active fraction produced one anodal and two cathodal bands. Each band was inactive for nerve outgrowth. However combinations of the cathodal bands produced 3+ growth. One cathodal band was not dialyzable; the other was dialyzable and negative for ultraviolet absorption at 280 millimicrons.
Antigenic Structure of
Plasmodium vinckei
Authors: Spira Dan , Zuckerman Avivah
Published: October 2006

An erythrocyte-free preparation of the erythrocytic stages of
Plasmodium vinckei
was made from infected mouse blood and disintegrated in a Hughes press. Rabbit antisera yielded a series of precipitation arcs against plasmodial extract when examined by immunoelectrophoresis. No arcs developed when uninfected mouse erythrocytes or stromata were tested against the same antiserum.
Recognition and Quantitation of Herpesvirus Particles in Human Vesicular Lesions
Authors: Smith Kendall O. , Melnick Joseph L.
Published: October 2006

Herpesvirus particles from crude vesicular fluid of a patient were stained with uranyl acetate and potassium phosphotungstate, and then were identified and counted by electron microscopy. Virus was seen and quantitated in all the samples taken from five vesicles. Specimens from human lesions can be prepared and examined within 3 hours, permitting rapid presumptive identification of herpesvirus.
Retinal Receptor Potentials and their Linear Relationship to Light Intensity
Authors: Fatehchand R. , Laufer M. , Svaetichin G.
Published: October 2006

After treatment of the isolated retina of a fish (
Centropomus
) with ammonia (NH
3
), the electrical responses to light are confined to the receptor layer. These receptor responses are fast in light adaptation and very slow in dark adaptation. The light-adapted responses have thresholds 3 to 4 logarithmic units of light intensity higher than the dark- adapted ones. Both kinds of responses are linearly related to light intensity up to the appearance of saturation. Interactions between receptors and adjacent glia cells appear to be involved in adaptation.
Sterility in the Mexican Fruit Fly Caused by Chemicals
Authors: Shaw J. G. , Riviello M. Sanchez
Published: October 2006

Chlorambucil, 4-{
p
-[bis(2-chloroethyl) amino] phenyl} butyrate, administered in food to the Mexican fruit fly
Anastrepha ludens
(Loew) inhibits the growth of testes and reduces egg hatch to almost nothing. Oviposition is not affected. The compound 4-amino-1H-pyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine sulfate inhibits the growth of ovaries and reduces oviposition and fertility.
Additional Genetic Variation of Human Serum Transferrin
Authors: Parker W. Carey , Bearn Alexander G.
Published: October 2006

A new molecular species of human transferrin, Tf D
Montreal
, is described. Starch gel electrophoresis under high-voltage conditions permits the new variant to be clearly distinguished from previously described variants of closely similar mobilities. The presence of a faint iron-binding component which migrates slightly more rapidly than the principal transferrin with which it is associated is also described.
Neutron Activation Analysis for Phosphorus in a Study of Development in a Beetle Wing
Authors: Beck James S. , Manney Thomas R.
Published: October 2006

Neutron activation analysis was used to measure phosphorus in individual beetle wings during pupal and early adult stages. By counting neutroninduced P
32
radioactivity it was possible to measure 0.005 ± 0.001 μg of phosphorus. The phosphorus content of the wings rises to maximum at eclosion and subsequently decreases with loss of cells.
Secretion of Iodide by the Nasal Gland of Birds
Authors: Carey Francis G. , Schmidt-Nielsen Knut
Published: October 2006

The nasal gland of the gull can secrete a solution of sodium chloride about 5 to 6 times more concentrated than that found in blood plasma. The gland can also concentrate iodide to several times the plasma concentration, but chloride seems to be preferred in the secretory process. These experiments were undertaken in the hope that a particularly high iodide clearance could form the basis of a method for determining the blood flow to the gland. The results made this approach to blood flow measurements unfeasible.
Ovulation, Implantation, and Fetal Sex Ratio in Impala
Authors: Mossman A. S. , Mossman H. W.
Published: October 2006

Impala embryos implant in the right uterine horn regardless of whether ovulation has occurred from the right or left ovary.
Concurrent Morphological and Chemical Events in
Staphylococcus aureus
Exposed to Penicillin
Authors: Ciak Jennie , Hahn Fred E.
Published: October 2006

Disruption and lysis as well as accumulation of cell-wall precursor material have been demonstrated in several strains of Gram-positive cocci as results of the action of penicillin. The concurrence of these phenomena in typically penicillin-sensitive bacteria lends further support to the hypothesis that penicillin exerts its antibiotic action through interference with the formation of cell walls.
Inhibition of Development of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Related Lesions by a Bacterial Cell Wall Complex
Authors: Nakamura Shuji , Sakurada Shinsaku , Salahuddin S. Zaki , Osada Yasuaki , Tanaka Noriko G. , Sakamoto Tanaka Noritsugu , Sekiguchi Masayasu , Gallo Robert C.
Published: October 2006

In vitro and in vivo model systems for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were used to evaluate compounds for their potential as therapeutic agents. A sulfated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan compound (SP-PG) produced by bacteria controlled the in vitro growth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated, KS-derived spindle-shaped cells (AIDS-KS cells) at noncytotoxic concentrations. Angiogenesis induced by AIDS-KS cells in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was blocked by SP-PG, which also inhibited the vascular hyperpermeability response and the angiogenesis associated with the induction of KS-like lesions that develop after subcutaneous inoculation of AIDS-KS cells into nude mice. Suramin, pentosan polysulfate, and interferon α, which are currently in use for therapy of KS, were either less effective than SP-PG or much more cytotoxic, or both.
Absence of Dental Caries in a Nigerian Bush Village
Authors: Tabrah Frank L.
Published: October 2006

A surprising lack of dental decay was encountered in 600 individuals living in a primitive West African village where severe malnutrition exists. Low values of fluoride in water supplies and in deciduous teeth seem to exclude fluoride as a protective agent. Further studies of caries in this population are warranted.
Method for Continuous Infusion of Fluids into the Chorioallantoic Circulation of the Chick Embryo
Authors: Drachman Daniel B. , Coulombre Alfred J.
Published: October 2006

A method is described for maintaining long term infusions of fluids into the chorioallantoic circulation of the embryo of the domestic fowl. Infusions can be continued up to 4 days in 6- to 17-day-old chicks, with subsequent hatching.
Anion-Exchange Properties of Plant Root Surfaces
Authors: Williams D. Emerton
Published: October 2006

Anion-exchange properties of plant root surfaces were demonstrated by using negatively charged anion dyes. The site of the positive charges may be amino groups which become positively charged in the presence of hydrogen ions but are neutralized under alkaline conditions.
Memory for Verbal Material: Effects of Sensory Deprivation
Authors: Grissom Robert J. , Suedfeld Peter , Vernon Jack
Published: October 2006

Memory retention of a short verbal passage did not change significantly in subjects who were isolated in a dark and soundproof room for 24 hours between the immediate recall test and the terminal recall test. A significant decrease in performance was noted in the control subjects who went about their everyday activities during the 24-hour period after acquisition.
Pollen Tube Growth in vivo as a Measure of Pollen Viability
Authors: Dempsey Wesley H.
Published: October 2006

Observation by fluorescence of tomato pollen tubes in fixed styles clearly showed that all pollen samples grew regardless of age and fruit or seed setting potential. Methods commonly used to evaluate pollen viability, such as staining and germination, may predict growth in the style but do not always predict seed setting ability.
Persistent Vaginal Cornification in Mice
Authors: Takasugi Noboru , Bern Howard A. , DeOme K. B.
Published: October 2006

Persistent vaginal cornification induced in A/Crgl mice by brief postnatal treatment with estrogen is not prevented by later ovariectomy, adrenalectomy, or hypophysectomy. Transplantation of the persistently cornified vaginae into ovariectomized normal mice or into ovariectomized persistently estrous mice also does not eliminate cornification in the majority of transplants. Administration of "anti-estrogenic" steroids temporarily alters the vaginal picture in some but not all of these mice. The vaginal epithelium of the persistently estrous mouse appears to represent an altered cell population which does not require estrogen for its constant keratinization.
Ethynodiol Diacetate as a New, Highly Potent Oral Inhibitor of Ovulation
Authors: Pincus Gregory , Garcia Celso R. , Paniagua Manuel , Shepard John
Published: October 2006

Ethynodiol (17α-ethinyl-4-estrene-3,17-diol) diacetate, a potent progestin and oral inhibitor of ovulation in the rabbit, gives evidence of possessing antiovulatory activity when it is administered orally to women. When it is combined with an estrogen it provides adequate control of menstrual cyclicity, and, thus far, complete contraceptive effectiveness even in low daily doses.
Pachytene and Diakinesis Behavior of the Isochromosomes 6 of Maize
Authors: Maguire Marjorie P.
Published: October 2006

Complementary isochromosomes which shared homologies only for the centromere region and one or two adjacent chromomeres were rarely found associated at pachytene. It is therefore questioned whether the centromere plays an important specific role in the initiation of synapsis. It is also questioned whether centromere repulsion is a cause of diplotene separation and terminalization since the isochromosome univalent foldbacks assumed shapes typical of bivalents with chiasmata at diplotene and diakinesis.
Maintenance of Globulin Levels in X-irradiated Rabbits after Immunization
Authors: Rittenberg Marvin B. , Nelson Eric L.
Published: October 2006

Rabbits were injected with antigen 24 hours after x-irradiation. Antibody titers were correlated with relative changes in gamma-beta globulin levels determined electrophoretically. Irradiated, immunized rabbits did not form detectable antibodies but had significantly greater globulin levels than non-immunized, irradiated controls. This relative difference occurred at the time nonirradiated, immunized rabbits were producing primary antibody.
Pollen Sequence at Kirchner Marsh, Minnesota
Authors: Winter Thomas C.
Published: October 2006

A pollen diagram from Kirchner Marsh, southeastern Minnesota, records a continuous vegetation sequence from the time of Late Wisconsin ice retreat from the region. The late-glacial and early postglacial portions of the diagram are correlated with a radiocarbon-dated diagram from Madelia, Minnesota. Both diagrams show a series of maxima of pollen types in the early postglacial that suggest a significant climatic change at that time. The Kirchner diagram, in addition, shows high percentages of nonarboreal pollen later in the postglacial that indicate an advance of prairie elements into the area between 7200 and 5000 years ago.
Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Water
Authors: Park Kilho , Williams W. T. , Prescott J. M. , Hood D. W.
Published: October 2006

Approximately 17 different amino acids in acid hydrolyzates of dissolved organic material in sea water to depths of 3500 meters from the central Gulf of Mexico have been identified by ion-exchange resin chromatography. They are glutamic acid, lysine, glycine, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, leucine, valine plus cystine, isoleucine, ornithine, methionine sulfoxide, threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, proline, and methionine. The results indicate that the dissolved organic material in deep-sea water may make an important contribution to the organic budget of the sea.
Imprinting by Force
Authors: Rice Charles E.
Published: October 2006

An experiment was performed to determine the effect on imprinting strength of forcing the following response during the critical period in chicks. Results of the procedures used indicate that although imprinting occurred with forced following, it was not as strong as it is when the following is voluntary.
Antarctica: Geology of the Ellsworth Mountains
Authors: Anderson John J. , Bastien Thomas W. , Schmidt Paul G. , Splettstoesser John F. , Craddock Campbell
Published: October 2006

Geologic reconnaissance indicates that the Ellsworth Mountains consist mainly of thousands of feet of folded, slightly metamorphosed, clastic sedimentary rocks of unknown age. Three major stratigraphic units are recognized, but only fragmentary fossils have been found. The folding is asymmetric, overturned, or recumbent; fold axes strike north, 10° to 20° west. Basic igneous sills occur in the northern Heritage Range.
Method of Introducing Tritiated Thymidine into the Tissues of Hydra
Authors: Burnett Allison L. , Baird Ronald , Diehl Frederick
Published: October 2006

Although normal hydras resist the uptake of tritiated thymidine into their tissues, regenerating forms contain a very heavy label in interstitial cells, epitheliomuscular cells, and digestive cells of the gastrodermis if the animals are allowed to regenerate in a medium containing the isotope. Preliminary results suggest that during early regeneration active wound repair is not effected by interstitial cells which divide and then begin to differentiate, but through differentiation of interstitial cells which are nondividing or which have partially begun to differentiate. Dividing interstitial cells probably function to restore the animal's original embryonic reserve.
Catalysis by Imidazole of Deuterium-Hydrogen Exchange in Amide N-H Groups
Authors: Klotz Irving M. , Frank Bruce H.
Published: October 2006

Imidazole, at concentrations of 0.05
M
to 0.2
M,
has been found to increase the rate of deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a model amide by 40-fold or more. Since imidazole side-chains occur in proteins, deuterium exchange in these macromolecules may be strongly affected by the presence of these or similar activating groups.
Is Memory a Matter of Enzyme Induction?
Authors: Smith C. E.
Published: October 2006

Variations in cholinesterase and RNA concentrations and in levels of neural activity have been linked to learning. These three groups of experimental evidence suggest that the basis of memory lies in an increase of the concentrations of enzymes associated with transmitter substances, as a long-lasting effect of stimulation. Biological precedent exists in microbial physiology.
Temperature-Independent Morning Emergence in Lizards of the Genus
Phrynosoma
Authors: Heath James Edward
Published: October 2006

An investigation of the relationship of morning emergence and body temperature in
Phrynosoma
demonstrated a rhythmic anticipation of conditions favorable for normal activity. Such a rhythm offers a mechanism by which ectothermic reptiles can use safe nocturnal shelters without loss of activity time in the morning.
Membrane Potential of Toad Ventricle: Changes Produced by Vagal Stimulation and Acetylcholine
Authors: Azuma T. , Hayashi H. , Matsuda K.
Published: October 2006

Reduction produced by vagal stimulation and application of acetylcholine in the duration of the membrane action potential in the toad is clearly demonstrated in the ventricular fiber as well as in the atrium. Vagal innervation of the ventricle is thus demonstrated. Vagal innervation of the ventricle is considered to be less extensive than vagal innervation of the atrium.
Early Postglacial Beavers in Southeastern New England
Authors: Kaye Clifford A.
Published: October 2006

Wood cut by
Castor canadensis
(?) has been found at or near the base of five peat deposits studied in open exposure. Beavers apparently entered the region about 12,000 years ago and rapidly occupied most low-lying places. Many existing bogs may be the result of early dams. The disturbance of pond sediments by beavers probably affects pollen stratigraphy. Charred wood in early beaver structures indicates forest fires and the possibility that the climate was drier than it is today.
Sex Chromatin Mass in Living, Cultivated Human Cells
Authors: DeMars Robert
Published: October 2006

Cells taken from human skin were observed with a phase contrast microscope before and after Feulgen staining. Living cells with the sex chromosome karyotypes XX and XXY (but not XO or XY) manifested, in late interphase, an object that corresponded in number, location, and shape to the sex chromatin mass found in the same cells after staining.
Gas-Flow Counting of Carbon-14 Compounds: An Improved Technique
Authors: Perkins Harold J. , MacDonald M. D.
Published: October 2006

Reproducibility in counting by a gas-flow detector of duplicate samples of C
14
-labeled compounds plated on glass planchets is much improved by spraying of the lower surface of the planchet with an "antistatic" agent in aerosol form. Count rates that decreased with time were eliminated by this treatment.
Poisoning by Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Potentiated by Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Gaines Thomas B.
Published: October 2006

Repeated administration of the phenothiazine derivatives chlorpromazine and promazine increased the toxicity of a single dose of parathion in male rats. In female rats, a single dose of 5 mg/kg of promazine increased the toxicity of a single dose of parathion, but had no apparent effect on the toxicity of a single dose of Phosdrin. Repeated dosage with chlorpromazine and atropine, or promazine and atropine, after administration of parathion at the same rate, resulted in a slightly higher mortality in female rats than did atropine or no treatment.
Geotropic Stimulation: Effects on Wound Vessel Differentiation
Authors: Roberts Lorin W. , Fosket Donald E.
Published: October 2006

Wounded excised shoots of
Coleus blumeni
(Benth.) were geotropically stimulated by rotation on a klinostat at 3 rev/min at right angles to the horizontal axis and placed alternately in inverted and upright positions at 24-hour intervals. These treatments resulted in the differentiation of significantly greater numbers of wound vessel members. The pattern of wound-vessel formation was altered by rotation on the klinostat but remained unaffected by 24-hour inversion.
Photographic Cytophotometry with a Dual Microscope
Authors: Kelly John W.
Published: October 2006

A modified comparison microscope assembly was developed for quantitative cytochemical analysis of stained or naturally pigmented objects. Test and control objects were photographed simultaneously on the same frame of color film. Pigments in the film image were then extracted and analyzed in a recording spectrophotometer. The total procedure is an extension and simplification of existing methods.
Radioiodine in Milk of Cows Consuming Stored Feed and of Cows on Pasture
Authors: Kahn B. , Straub C. P. , Jones I. R.
Published: October 2006

During a period of 17 days, 2 months after termination of the Russian nuclear test series in 1961, iodine-131 was measured in milk. Within 2 days after the study was begun, the herd on pasture showed 270 pc iodine-131 per liter of milk. This concentration decreased with a half-life of 7 ± 1 days. No iodine-131 was found in the milk from sheltered cows that consumed stored feed.
Marine Bacteria with Antiyeast Activity
Authors: Buck John D. , Meyers Samuel P. , Kamp Katherine M.
Published: October 2006

Various marine substrates were examined quantitatively and qualitatively for marine bacteria. Of 132 isolates, 20 (six genera) showed some degree of inhibitory activity against 12 assay microorganisms. Inhibition was most frequent and most pronounced against terrestrial and marine-occurring yeasts.
Blood Clotting: The Force of Retraction
Authors: Rubenstein Edward
Published: October 2006

The force of blood clot retraction was measured and found to be at least 10
4
dyne/cm
2
; this is sufficient to deform many soft tissues and to allow clots to retract in vivo.
Skin Resistance Recording in the Unrestrained Rat
Authors: Kaplan Stephen , Kaplan Rachel
Published: October 2006

The level of basal skin resistance is proposed as a measure of motivation. It is relatively simple to obtain and can be measured concurrently with behavior of interest to the experimenter. The technique described requires a grid floor, but the assessment procedure does not affect the organism's state because of the subthreshold measuring current that is used. This method in no way restrains the rat and can therefore be used in an unlimited number of experimental situations.
Acid Phosphatase in Serum: Increase in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Schoenfeld Myron R.
Published: October 2006

Ten consecutive cases of acute transmural myocardial infarction were accompanied by a rise of 50 to 400 percent in the serum acid phenylphosphatase. The increase in phosphatase began several hours after onset of symptoms and lasted 3 to 5 days. A similar rise was seen during the acute stages of other thromboembolic diseases. While the mechanism by which this acid hyperphenylphosphatasia occurs is not clear, platelets may play an important role.
Utilization of Exogenous Proline by the Yeast
Candida utilis
Authors: Miller Jay H. , Kempner E. S.
Published: October 2006

Utilization of labeled proline by the yeast
Candida utilis
has been studied. Conversion of the labeled material to biochemically related compounds was observed in the metabolic pools in this organism. The kinetic flow of these molecules into protein was observed, and an explanation is proposed in terms of the absolute cellular concentrations and specific activities of the precursors.
Cat's Ability to Discriminate Oblique Rectangles
Authors: Sutherland N. S.
Published: October 2006

Cats were trained to discriminate either between a horizontal and vertical rectangle or between two oblique rectangles, one at 45°, the other at 13° to horizontal. All animals were first trained with both shapes (one in each orientation) presented together, and then retrained with only one shape shown at a time. Throughout the experiment the animals being trained with oblique rectangles performed as well as those being trained with horizontal and vertical rectangles. This finding is in marked contrast with results obtained from other species. The results suggest that the ability of a species to discriminate between rectangles in different orientations may depend upon the relative numbers of cells in the visual system having receptive fields in each orientation.
Illinoian and Wisconsin (Farmdale) Drifts Recently Exposed at Rockford, Illinois
Authors: Leighton Morris M. , Brophy John A.
Published: October 2006

New exposures in Rockford, Illinois, show fresh till overlying ferruginous gravel of marginal glacial origin. These, together with older sections, now slumped or no longer exposed, offer convincing evidence of two glaciations of the Rockford area, the first of Illinoian age and the second of early Wisconsin (Farmdale) age. The sections further suggest that the greater part of the drift fill in Ancient Rock River Valley is Illinoian, and that this is overlain by a relatively thin mantle of Farmdale drift.
Cholinergic Action of Homogenates of Sea Urchin Pedicellariae
Authors: Mendes E. G. , Abbud L. , Umiji S.
Published: October 2006

A dialyzable, acetylcholine-like material exists in homogenates of globiferous pedicellariae of the sea urchin
Lytechinus variegatus
. Its pharmacological characterization was obtained on the basis of the responses of the guinea pig ileum, the rat uterus, blood pressure in the dog, the amphibian heart, the longitudinal muscle of the holothurian, and the protractor muscle of the sea urchin lantern. Some of the data were statistically treated, and an attempt was made to determine a ratio of potency between the homogenates and acetylcholine.