bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of psychosocial factors to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among older Australian men: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Stanaway Fiona , Cvejic Erin , Blyth Fiona M. , Naganathan Vasi , Handelsman David J. , Le Couteur David G. , Seibel Markus J. , Waite Louise M. , Cumming Robert G.
Published: October 2020

Background

Among older people, the extent to which psychosocial factors explain socioeconomic inequalities in mortality is debated. We aimed to investigate the potential mediating effect of psychosocial factors on socioeconomic inequalities in mortality.

Methods

We used data from a prospective population-based cohort (the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project; baseline recruitment in 2005–2007), in Sydney, Australia. The main outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Socioeconomic status (SES; educational attainment, occupational position, source of income, housing tenure, and a cumulative SES score) was assessed at baseline. Measures of structural and functional social support, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed three times during follow-ups. Associations were quantified using Cox regression. Mediation was calculated using “change-in-estimate method”.

Results

1522 men (mean age at baseline: 77·4 ± 5·5 years) were included in the analyses with a mean (SD) follow-up time of 9·0 (3·6) years for all-cause and 8·0 (2·8) years for cause-specific mortality. At baseline, psychosocial measures displayed marked social patterning. Being unmarried, living alone, low social interactions, and elevated depressive symptoms were associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Psychosocial factors explained 35% of SES inequalities in all-cause mortality, 29% in CVD mortality, 12% in cancer mortality, and 39% in non-CVD, non-cancer mortality.

Conclusion

Psychosocial factors may account for up to one-third of SES inequalities in deaths from all and specific causes (except cancer mortality). Our findings suggest that interventional studies targeting social relationships and/or psychological distress in older men aiming to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are warranted.
The triglyceride-glucose index is associated with the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults
Authors: Guo Wen , Lu Jing , Qin Pei , Li Xiaona , Zhu Wenfang , Wu Juan , Xu Nianzhen , Zhang Qun
Published: October 2020

Background

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a reliable predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its association with the severity of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in NAFLD is poorly understood. This study evaluated the relationship between these factors in NAFLD.

Methods

A total of 4784 participants who underwent ultrasonography were enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed. Participants with NAFLD were diagnosed by ultrasound. The degree of hepatic steatosis and liver stiffness was evaluated with transient elastography.

Results

The TyG index was significantly correlated with the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. TyG quartile values correlated with increasing prevalence of NAFLD (Q1 30.9%, Q2 53.3%, Q3 71.7%, and Q4 86.4%, P < 0.001) and with the presence of liver fibrosis (Q1 13.5%, Q2 17.6%, Q3 18.8%, and Q4 26.1%, P < 0.001). The AUROC for the TyG index to predict NAFLD was 0.761, resulting in a cut-off value of 8.7. However, the AUC value of the TyG index was 0.589 for liver fibrosis, which was insufficient to predict this condition. The adjusted odds of having hepatic steatosis or liver fibrosis were more strongly associated with TyG values compared with HOMA-IR.

Conclusion

The TyG index is positively related to the severity of hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis in NAFLD. The index also performed better than HOMA-IR.
EQ-5D-5L Slovenian population norms
Authors: Prevolnik Rupel Valentina , Ogorevc Marko
Published: October 2020

Background

The study aims to present Slovenian EQ-5D-5L population norms for different age and gender subgroups that can be used as reference values in future studies concerning health status. The secondary aim is to compare those norms with population norms from some other countries in Europe and elsewhere.

Methods

The cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2019 and February 2020 via online panel. 1071 adults aged 18+ were included in the survey. The general population was sampled using quota sampling in terms of age, gender, and NUTS2 region. In the study, the EQ-5D-5L Slovenian online version was used. Descriptive statistics was used to present health status by age groups and genders for the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system, EQ VAS and the EQ-5D-5L index score. The latter was derived from Slovenian EQ-3D-3L tariff, transformed to five levels using the crosswalk methodology.

Results

The mean EQ VAS score in the Slovenian population was 79.9, mean utility index was 0.808. 28.2% of the population did not have problems on any dimension and 3.9% of the population had problems on all dimensions. Persons residing in Western Slovenia had, on average, 0.016 higher utility score, compared to Eastern Slovenia. Effect of gender was not significant. Age was negatively associated with both utility index and EQ VAS score. Education was positively correlated to health status. Problems on dimensions were generally increasing with age, except for anxiety/depression dimension, where youngest group (ages 18–29) reported more anxiety/depression compared to older counterparts. Self-reported anxiety/depression was more pronounced in women.

Conclusions

Similarly to other countries, the health generally deteriorates with age, except for the anxiety/depression dimension where the share of respondents reporting no problems was lowest in the youngest age group. The open question for the future remains, whether population norms from this online sample differ significantly from the actual EQ-5D-5L health status data of the Slovenian general population.
Persian version of the brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQOL-brief): the evaluation of the psychometric properties
Authors: Feizi Awat , Heidari Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background and objective

Quality of life (QoL) is a multi-dimensional concept and its assessment is one of important themes of care for older people. Assessing QoL in older people needs specific scales. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQOL-brief) in an Iranian older population.

Methods

This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 Persian-speaking older people (aged 60 and over), living in Isfahan, Iran. Translation of the OPQOL-brief questionnaire was performed using forward–backward method. Test–retest reliability was evaluated through Intra Class Correlation (ICC) coefficient and internal consistency by using Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was investigated by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Latent class analysis (LCA). Criterion, convergent and discriminant validities were also assessed.

Results

Persian version of the OPQOL-brief showed good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.842, 95% CI = 0.73–0.91; P < 0.001). Persian OPQOL-brief scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.83). It showed good discriminant validity and differentiated old patients from healthy older individuals (P < 0.001). Construct validity based on EFA led to extraction of three dimensions (“socioeconomic”, “emotional”, and “physical” well-being) and the CFA confirmed the adequacy of extracted construct from EFA (CFI = 0.909, PCFI = 0.52, PNFI = 0.5, CMIN/DF = 3.012, and RMSEA = 0.08). LCA classified participants into three classes in terms of QoL level (low (16%), middle (67%), and high (17%)). Criterion validity and convergent validity revealed significant positive correlations between OPQOL-brief and physical and psychological dimensions of the SF-36.

Conclusion

The Persian version of the OPQOL-brief is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing QoL with applicability in a broad range of older Persian language population.
Recruiting migrant workers in Australia for Public Health surveys: how sampling strategy make a difference in estimates of workplace hazards
Authors: Daly Alison , Reid Alison
Published: October 2020

Objectives

One third of the Australian work force are immigrants. Relatively little is known about working conditions for specific migrant groups. The objectives of this paper are to describe and compare the sampling strategies used to recruit migrant workers from specific migrant groups working in Australia into a cross-sectional study designed to produce population estimates of workplace hazards and self-reported health.

Results

Two cross sectional telephone surveys were conducted with immigrants currently working in Australia. Survey 1 used quota sampling from lists provided by a sample broker. Survey 2 used a combination of probability and non-probability sampling, including random sampling from telephone lists. Data from the surveys were weighted and comparisons made with unweighted data. While weighting adjusted for most differences across the sample sources, the likelihood of exposure to workplace hazards depended on exposure types and sampling strategies. We concluded that by using a combination of sampling strategies it is possible to recruit immigrants from specific migrant groups and provide a balanced view of working conditions, although no one strategy was best for all types of measures. Access to a robust sample source for migrants would enable a better perspective to migrant populations’ working conditions.
Anemonefish, a model for Eco-Evo-Devo
Authors: Roux Natacha , Salis Pauline , Lee Shu-Hua , Besseau Laurence , Laudet Vincent
Published: October 2020

Anemonefish, are a group of about 30 species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) that have long aroused the interest of coral reef fish ecologists. Combining a series of original biological traits and practical features in their breeding that are described in this paper, anemonefish are now emerging as an experimental system of interest for developmental biology, ecology and evolutionary sciences. They are small sized and relatively easy to breed in specific husbandries, unlike the large-sized marine fish used for aquaculture. Because they live in highly structured social groups in sea anemones, anemonefish allow addressing a series of relevant scientific questions such as the social control of growth and sex change, the mechanisms controlling symbiosis, the establishment and variation of complex color patterns, and the regulation of aging. Combined with the use of behavioral experiments, that can be performed in the lab or directly in the wild, as well as functional genetics and genomics, anemonefish provide an attractive experimental system for Eco-Evo-Devo.
Description of a fossil camelid from the Pleistocene of Argentina, and a cladistic analysis of the Camelinae
Authors: Lynch Sinéad , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. , Balcarcel Ana
Published: October 2020

We describe a well-preserved South American Lamini partial skeleton (PIMUZ A/V 4165) from the Ensenadan (~ 1.95–1.77 to 0.4 Mya) of Argentina. The specimen is comprised of a nearly complete skull and mandible with full tooth rows, multiple elements of anterior and posterior limbs, and a scapula. We tested this specimen’s phylogenetic position and hypothesized it to be more closely related to Lama guanicoe and Vicugna vicugna than to Hemiauchenia paradoxa. We formulate a hypothesis for the placement of PIMUZ A/V 4165 within Camelinae in a cladistic analysis based on craniomandibular and dental characters and propose that future systematic studies consider this specimen as representing a new species. For the first time in a morphological phylogeny, we code terminal taxa at the species level for the following genera: Camelops, Aepycamelus, Pleiolama, Procamelus, and Alforjas. Our results indicate a divergence between Lamini and Camelini predating the Barstovian (16 Mya). Camelops appears as monophyletic within the Camelini. Alforjas taylori falls out as a basal member of Camelinae—neither as a Lamini nor Camelini. Pleiolama is polyphyletic, with Pleiolama vera as a basal Lamini and Pleiolama mckennai in a more nested position within the Lamini. Aepycamelus and Procamelus are respectively polyphyletic and paraphyletic. Together, they are part of a group of North American Lamini from the Miocene epoch.
Towards integrated surveillance-response systems for the prevention of future pandemics
Authors: Zinsstag Jakob , Utzinger Jürg , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Shan Lv , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: October 2020

Most human pathogens originate from non-human hosts and certain pathogens persist in animal reservoirs. The transmission of such pathogens to humans may lead to self-sustaining chains of transmission. These pathogens represent the highest risk for future pandemics. For their prevention, the transmission over the species barrier — although rare — should, by all means, be avoided. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, surprisingly though, most of the current research concentrates on the control by drugs and vaccines, while comparatively little scientific inquiry focuses on future prevention. Already in 2012, the World Bank recommended to engage in a systemic One Health approach for zoonoses control, considering integrated surveillance-response and control of human and animal diseases for primarily economic reasons. First examples, like integrated West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitos, wild birds, horses and humans in Italy show evidence of financial savings from a closer cooperation of human and animal health sectors. Provided a zoonotic origin can be ascertained for the COVID-19 pandemic, integrated wildlife, domestic animal and humans disease surveillance-response may contribute to prevent future outbreaks. In conclusion, the earlier a zoonotic pathogen can be detected in the environment, in wildlife or in domestic animals; and the better human, animal and environmental surveillance communicate with each other to prevent an outbreak, the lower are the cumulative costs.
Overexpression of UBQLN1 reduces neuropathology in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD
Authors: Wang Shaoteng , Tatman Micaela , Monteiro Mervyn J.
Published: October 2020

Missense mutations in UBQLN2 cause X-linked dominant inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). UBQLN2 belongs to a family of four highly homologous proteins expressed in humans that play diverse roles in maintaining proteostasis, but whether one isoform can substitute for another is not known. Here, we tested whether overexpression of UBQLN1 can alleviate disease in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD by crossing transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing the two proteins and characterizing the resulting genotypes using a battery of pathologic and behavioral tests. The pathologic findings revealed UBQLN1 overexpression dramatically reduced the burden of UBQLN2 inclusions, neuronal loss and disturbances in proteostasis in double Tg mice compared to single P497S Tg mice. The beneficial effects of UBQLN1 overexpression were primarily confirmed by behavioral improvements seen in rotarod performance and grip strength in male, but not female mice. Paradoxically, although UBQLN1 overexpression reduced pathologic signatures of disease in P497S Tg mice, female mice had larger percentage of body weight loss than males, and this correlated with a corresponding lack of behavioral improvements in the females. These findings lead us to speculate that methods to upregulate UBQLN1 expression may reduce pathogenicity caused by UBQLN2 mutations, but may also lead to gender-specific outcomes that will have to be carefully weighed with the therapeutic benefits of UBQLN1 upregulation.
Prediction of Outcome in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Ibrutinib: Development and Validation of a Four-Factor Prognostic Model
Authors: Ahn Inhye E. , Tian Xin , Ipe David , Cheng Mei , Albitar Maher , Tsao L. Claire , Zhang Lei , Ma Wanlong , Herman Sarah E. M. , Gaglione Erika M. , Soto Susan , Dean James P. , Wiestner Adrian
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

Randomized trials established the superiority of ibrutinib-based therapy over chemoimmunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Durability of progression-free survival (PFS) with ibrutinib can vary by patient subgroup. Clinical tools for prognostication and risk-stratification are needed.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients treated with ibrutinib in phase II and III trials provided the discovery data set and were subdivided into discovery and internal validation cohorts. An external validation cohort included 84 patients enrolled in our investigator-initiated phase II trial. Univariable analysis of 18 pretreatment parameters was performed using PFS and overall survival (OS) end-points. Multivariable analysis and machine-learning algorithms identified four factors for a prognostic model that was validated in internal and external cohorts.

RESULTS

Factors independently associated with inferior PFS and OS were as follows: TP53 aberration, prior treatment, β-2 microglobulin ≥ 5 mg/L, and lactate dehydrogenase > 250 U/L. Each of these four factors contributed one point to a prognostic model that stratified patients into three risk groups: three to four points, high risk; two points, intermediate risk; zero to one point, low risk. The 3-year PFS rates for all 804 patients combined were 47%, 74%, and 87% for the high-, the intermediate-, and the low-risk group, respectively ( P < .0001). The 3-year OS rates were 63%, 83%, and 93%, respectively ( P < .0001). The model remained significant when applied to treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory cohorts individually. For 84 patients in the external cohort, BTK and PLCG2 mutations were tested cross-sectionally and at progression. The cumulative incidences of mutations were strongly correlated with the model. In the external cohort, Richter’s transformation occurred in 17% of the high-risk group, and in no patient in the low-risk group.

CONCLUSION

Patients at increased risk of ibrutinib failure can be identified at treatment initiation and considered for clinical trials.
Exploring the Experiences of Patients in the Oncology Care Model
Authors: Franklin Elizabeth F. , Nichols Helen M. , Bohannon Linda
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

The Oncology Care Model (OCM) was developed to improve care while also supporting patient-centered practices. This model could significantly affect experiences of patients with cancer; however, previous studies have not explored patient perspectives.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study used focus group and survey methodology to explore patient experiences in the OCM. The sample included 213 patients (OCM patients, n = 130 recruited within OCM practices; non-OCM patients, n = 83 recruited via e-mail from the Cancer Support Community Cancer Experience Registry).

RESULTS:

Findings suggest that patients in OCM practices were more likely to report that their cancer care team asked about social/emotional distress or concerns and more likely to have social/emotional resources offered. OCM patients were also more likely to have discussed advance directives with providers. They were also more likely to be satisfied with provider explanations of treatment benefits as well as treatment risks and adverse effects. Lastly, OCM patients were significantly more satisfied with discussion of treatment costs and provided higher ratings of preparation by their cancer care team for management of adverse effects.

CONCLUSION:

Patients in this study reported experiences consistent with many of the key goals of the OCM. This is promising and may indicate the need to expand the model. However, because of the potential selection bias of our sampling method, more research is needed.
Enhancement of the Activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Well-defined Single Crystal Electrodes of Pt by Hydrophobic Species
Authors: Hoshi Nagahiro , Nakamura Masashi
Published: October 2020

The activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the reaction at the air electrode of fuel cells, depends on the surface structure of the electrode markedly. This review summarizes the effects of hydrophobic species on the activity for the ORR on single crystal electrodes of Pt. We have examined the effects of aliphatic and aromatic molecules on the ORR. Structural effects on the increase of the activity and the factors of the enhancement are discussed.
Development of a Vibrating Pendant-drop Raman Spectrometer and Polarization of Cavity Enhanced Raman Scattered Light
Authors: Inoue Tomonao , Kohno Jun-ya
Published: October 2020

We developed a pendant-drop Raman spectrometer and observed cavity enhanced Raman scattered light. Further enhancement of the Raman scattered light was demonstrated by controlling the droplet shape, which was performed by applying vibrations to the pendant drop. We found that (1) stimulated Raman scattering proceeds and enhances its intensity at the surface of the pendant droplet, (2) a horizontally elongated droplet gives further enhancement by light confinement, and (3) only s-polarized light resonates in the pendant drop. This study facilitates spectroscopic studies on the liquid surface.
Implementing Science Theater
Authors: N. Nerantzis N.
Published: October 2020

Since 2006, we were implementing a numerous of educational projects on teaching Science - i.e experiments with low-cost materials, developing and using online scenarios, integrating embodied outdoor activities in our physics lesson and engaging the whole school in Interdisciplinary Astronomy Activities. The most fruitful one, in terms of motivating students, was science theater. Science theater - by doing research on scientific topics, writing down the script, organising a play and communicating our efforts - highlights the need of more and systematic (inclusive) thematic learning throughout school topics. Here we will present our last effort, giving a glimpse of our way of work, putting together document theater, science theater and science fiction.
Preserve and spread of traditional plant varieties
Authors: Molla M.
Published: October 2020

The seeds of the traditional varieties which we have inherited from our ancestors thousands of years ago are vanishing in our days and with them we are losing our connection with them and the biodiversity. In this eTwinning project teachers and students aimed at becoming an ark with the mission to protect and save these seeds.  We started our quest by making our questionnaire which was simple since it consisted of three questions but would ultimately tell the story of how the traditional seeds were inherited to us. Students researched within their family and neighborhood context. The findings of their research showed that only about 10% of the students found seeds of traditional vegetable varieties. Subsequently we tried to multiply these seeds by cultivating them and spreading them to our school and our community.
In vitro efficacy of a copper iodine complex PPE disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation
Authors: Mantlo Emily , Rhodes Tanya , Boutros Jenny , Patterson-Fortin Laura , Evans Alex , Paessler Slobodan
Published: October 2020

Background: The ability to protect workers and healthcare professionals from infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of great concern. Hospitals, nursing homes and employers are adopting infection control strategies based on guidance from leading public health organizations such as the CDC, OSHA, FDA, and other government bodies. Certain hard surface disinfectants are effective against SARS-CoV-2 but are not suitable for use on skin or personal protective equipment (PPE) that comes into contact with skin. Furthermore, near-ubiquitous alcohol-based hand sanitizers are acceptable for use on skin, but they are not suitable for use on PPE. PPE, especially masks, are also commonly being used for longer durations than normal. There is a need for new products and techniques that can effectively disinfect PPE during wear time without having detrimental effects on surrounding skin. Clyraguard spray is a novel copper iodine complex designed to be used on non-critical PPE.

Methods: In this study, the Clyraguard copper iodine complex was tested for its ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in solution.

Results: These data indicate the product to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 titers in a time-dependent manner, with the virus being reduced below the detection limits within 30 minutes.

Conclusions: These results suggest that Clyraguard may be an effective tool for mitigating cross-contamination of non-critical PPE that may come into contact with SARS-CoV-2.
Soluble nitrogen forms in sand soil of Pallag: a quantitative report
Authors: Kincses Ida , Melendez Jesus R. , Ramírez-Cando Lenin , Burbano-Salas Diego , Lowy Daniel , Cuenca Nevarez Gerardo , Talledo Solórzano Viviana , Morales Arteaga Juan , Mendoza Benito , Sándor Zsolt
Published: October 2020

Nitrogen (N) is a crop macronutrient of major importance, which affects both plant growth and yield. In this paper we discuss the humus content (%) and various soluble N forms (NO3-, total N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and organic nitrogen) available in humus sand soil samples originating from the Pallag Experimental Station of Horticulture at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. We found 45.4% nitrate-N and 13.8% nitrite-N of total N content present in the soil. Considering the percentage distribution of soluble N forms present at the Pallag Experimental Station, we recommend using this soil in further pot experiments, given that this has optimal nutrient supply capacity. In addition, we examined possible statistical correlations between humus% and N forms.
STUDY OF FACTORS OF TEMPORARY ADAPTABILITY IN PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF HEALTH
Authors: Mihal'chi Ekaterina
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of a study of factors, features and the level of development of temporary adaptability, as an ability and resource for adaptation, in people with different levels of health. The study was conducted by the method of interviewing in full-time and electronic forms on a sample of people from a conditionally healthy group and having health problems of different nosological groups. In the course of the analysis of the research results, such factors of a person’s temporal adaptability as perception and orientation in time, adaptation to natural temporal changes, adaptation to changes in plans, daily ritual routines and schedules were highlighted. The novelty of the research results is the allocation of temporary adaptability, as a form of adaptability to the physical conditions of the environment, as a separate subject of study and the study of its factors, features and level of development in people with different levels of health. The results can be applied in the development of training courses, including in remote form, for the development of skills of perception and orientation in time, planning and time management. Also, the results of the study are important for the development of methods for determining the level of adaptability of a person to the physical structure of the environment.
Electronic Trace Data and Legal Outcomes: The Effect of Electronic Medical Records on Malpractice Claim Resolution Time
Authors: Ransbotham Sam , Overby Eric M. , Jernigan Michael C.
Published: October 2020

Information systems generate copious trace data about what individuals do and when they do it. Trace data may affect the resolution of lawsuits by, for example, changing the time needed for legal discovery. Trace data might speed resolution by clarifying what events happened when, or they might slow resolution by generating volumes of new and potentially irrelevant data that must be analyzed. To investigate this, we analyze the effect of electronic medical records (EMRs) on malpractice claim resolution time. Use of EMRs within hospitals at the time of the alleged malpractice is associated with a four-month (12%) reduction in resolution time. Because unresolved malpractice claims impose substantial costs on the entire healthcare system, our finding that EMRs are associated with faster resolution has broad welfare implications. Furthermore, as we increasingly digitize society, the ramifications of trace data on legal outcomes matter beyond the medical context.

This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, information systems.
Asymmetric Reporting Timeliness and Informational Feedback
Authors: Chen Qi , Huang Zeqiong , Jiang Xu , Zhang Gaoqing , Zhang Yun
Published: October 2020

We examine the effects of asymmetric timeliness in reporting good versus bad news on price informativeness when prices provide useful information to assist firms’ investment decisions. We find that a reporting system featuring more timely disclosure of bad news than of good news encourages speculators to trade on their private information. Consequently, it generates a higher expected investment level and firm value. Our analysis generates predictions consistent with empirical findings and provides a justification for the more timely reporting of bad news in the absence of managerial incentive problems.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Financial Cross-Ownership and Information Dissemination in a Supply Chain
Authors: Aviv Yossi , Shamir Noam
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: We examine the effect of financial cross-ownership—a situation in which a retailer holds stocks in a competitor—on two crucial operational decisions in a supply chain with competing retailers sourcing from a single supplier: information acquisition and production output. Academic/practical relevance: Financial interconnectedness between competing retailers raises fundamental questions regarding the way information is managed in such markets and the way it affects consumer welfare. Thus, in addition to the relevance to operations management scholars, this subject is of potential interest to policy makers and regulators. Although financial cross-ownership has mainly been unchallenged by regulators, the European Commission has recently called for a deeper understanding of the competitive aspects of this investment tool. Methodology: We develop a game-theoretic model, in which we analyze a supply chain comprised of an incumbent retailer holding stocks in an entrant and both retailers source from a mutual supplier. The incumbent can obtain costless demand information, and the supplier decides whether to leak this information if it is available to him or her. Results: We demonstrate that holding stocks in a rival better aligns the incentives of the rival retailers and results in a lower competition level during the production stage. However, financial cross-ownership can also result in an increased incentive for information acquisition, even when the information is later leaked to the entrant. The acquisition of information benefits not only the retailers but can also make the consumers better off. Managerial implications: Our work contributes to the heated policy debate regarding the competitive effects of financial cross-ownership. In addition, we are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to study the way financial cross-ownership affects operational decisions. Specifically, we show that financial cross-ownership provides incentives to acquire demand information even under the threat of information leakage.
Using platelet-rich plasma to treat hair loss and thinning
Authors: Sister Daniel
Published: October 2020

Hair loss and thinning have always been a huge concern for men and women across the globe. Numerous treatments have been tried and tested, ranging rom folk remedies to chemical products. Unfortunately, none have proven a regular efficacy, without mentioning the possible side effects. So, for a long time, the only real option was hair graft. Now, with technological advances in both growth factors and stem cells, we have a possible solution that is efficient, safe and reproductible: platelet-rich plasma.
And breathe…
Authors: Price Jolyon
Published: October 2020

Having just entered his third year, Jolyon Price reflects on his early autonomous experience in clinical practice as a result of COVID-19, and lessons learned to support him as a clinician
THz generation by optical rectification of intense near-infrared pulses in organic crystal BNA
Authors: Roeder F. , Shalaby M. , Beleites B. , Ronneberger F. , Gopal A.
Published: October 2020

Generation of terahertz radiation by optical rectification of intense near-infrared laser pulses in N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA) is investigated in detail by carrying out a complete characterization of the terahertz radiation. We studied the scaling of THz yield with pump pulse repetition rate and fluence which enabled us to predict the optimal operating conditions for BNA crystals at room temperature for 800 nm pump wavelength. Furthermore, recording the transmitted laser spectrum allowed us to calculate the nonlinear refractive index of BNA at 800 nm.
Comparison of growth structures for continuous-wave electrically pumped 1.55 μm quantum dash lasers grown on (001) Si
Authors: Luo Wei , Xue Ying , Huang Jie , Lin Liying , Shi Bei , Lau Kei May
Published: October 2020

Semiconductor lasers directly grown on silicon offer great potential as critical components in high-volume, low-cost integrated silicon photonics circuits. Although InAs/InP quantum dash (QDash) lasers on native InP substrate emitting at 1.5 μm (C-band) have demonstrated notable performance, the growth of InAs/InP QDash lasers on silicon remains undeveloped because of the 8% lattice mismatch between InP and silicon. Here we report advances of growth techniques leading to the first C-band room-temperature continuous-wave electrically pumped QDash lasers on CMOS standard (001) silicon substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A correlation between various material characterizations and device performance is analyzed for different QDash laser structures grown on planar nominal (001) silicon. With the optimized QDash growth and improved fabrication process, the lowest threshold current density of

1.5
  
kA
/

cm
2

was determined on an

8
  
μm
×
1.5
  
mm

device on planar silicon with a single facet output power exceeding 14 mW. The device results illustrate the good material quality of the QDash lasers grown on silicon, suggesting potential applications for other active components of photonic integrated circuits, such as semiconductor optical amplifiers, modulators, and photodetectors.
Entecavir vs Tenofovir in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Mak Lung Yi , Liu Sze Hang , Cheng Ho Ming , Seto Wai Kay , Yuen Man Fung , Lai Ching Lung
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are recommended as first-line therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Although both drugs reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, their comparative effectiveness remains controversial. We aimed to determine whether TDF is superior to ETV in preventing HCC.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until June 9, 2020, were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Key terms included entecavir, tenofovir, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I
2.

RESULTS:

Thirteen observational studies (4 of which were conference abstracts) were included with 85,008 patients with CHB (ETV: 56,346; TDF: 28,662). TDF was associated with a lower HCC risk (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.99). This beneficial effect was present in cirrhotic patients (aHR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62–0.85) and retrospective cohort studies using electronic data sets (aHR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.51–0.78). However, this beneficial effect did not reach statistical significance for noncirrhotic patients (aHR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51–1.35) and retrospective/prospective cohort studies using clinical records (aHR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.80–1.18).

DISCUSSION:

TDF was associated with a lower HCC risk compared with ETV among patients with CHB, particularly cirrhotic patients. Further prospective large-scale studies with longer follow-up periods were required to identify specific subgroups that will benefit most from TDF.
À procura da estética adequada
Authors: Mizrahi Mylene , Carvalho Amanda , Mello Priscilla , Alduino Maria Gabriela
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo acompanhamos reivindicações de protagonismo juvenil como performadas no espaço escolar, a partir de relatos, embates, disputas e controvérsias reportados durante a década de 2010. A análise segue por uma abordagem material das estéticas corporais, balizada por raça e gênero, aos quais foram adicionados, durante o processo de pesquisa, um terceiro marcador, o de geração. Muitos dos descompassos encontrados apontam para disputas intergeracionais que traduzem, por sua vez, diferentes ideais estéticos e diferentes expectativas de conformidade na aparência. Ao mesmo tempo, do ponto de vista da juventude, a centralidade que as estéticas corporais adquirem em seus projetos atravessa não apenas os diferentes gêneros, sexualidades e ou marcadores raciais, mas também as diferentes classes. Levar a sério reivindicações juvenis em torno de seus gostos, pode parecer, a olhares mais tradicionalistas, dar atenção ao que é concebido como superficial. Mas pode apontar também caminhos produtivos para repensarmos o próprio projeto escolar. Como veremos, a estética e as aparências, nada têm de superficiais.
Some Diachronic Phonological changes from Proto-Kuki-Chin to Lutuv
Authors: Lotven Samson Alexander
Published: October 2020

Lutuv (Lautu) is a Kuki-Chin language that VanBik (2009) places in the Maraic branch alongside Zophei, Mara, Senthang, and Zotung. Lutuv is of particular interest to the diachronic development of Maraic languages in that it is geographically central in the Maraic-speaking area, but shows some differences in historical development from its neighbors. This project is based on my dissertation research on Zophei and was first presented to Dr. Kelly Berkson’s Field Methods class on Lutuv in order to offer researchers of Lutuv (like those in the field methods class) a finer grained look at the diachronic development of syllable rhymes in Lutuv, specifically in comparison with the most closely related Kuki-Chin languages Zophei and Mara. The data set this paper is published separately in this volume as Lexical correspondences between Proto-Kuki-Chin, Hakha Lai, and six Maraic varieties(Lotven, 2020). This research is presented here to be of use to other Lutuv researchers, researchers of Kuki-Chin more broadly, and historical phonologists interested in rhyme development and syllable structure simplification.
Lexical correspondences between Proto-Kuki-Chin, Hakha Lai, and six Maraic varieties
Authors: Lotven Samson Alexander
Published: October 2020

The list presented here is intended as an elicitation program for future research on Maraic varieties of Kuki-Chin, as such, it includes both data used to create the elicitation instrument and data collected using it. The priority in this list is to maximize the possibility of eliciting different rhyme types for comparative analysis purposes.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA PERIBAHASA INDONESIA BERMAKNA SINDIRAN: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Nisa Hilda Khoirun , Uswati Tati Sri , Itaristanti Itaristanti
Published: October 2020

Immoral problems at the form of sarkasme which is identical with behavior insinuate in have leanguage, pushing research qualitative this to identify form proverb of Indonesian have a meaning of insinuation, to descirbe his context and meaning, and also obedient to describe of suavity principles hanve language at proverb of Indonesian have a meaning of insinuation. The target reached to pass method correct reading with descriptive approach qualitative. Source of data in this research refer at proverb dictionary in application of offline Fifth KBBI Edition and also dictionary print Proverb and Poetry Indonesia as other source. Proverb data have a meaning of insinuation mustered to pass documentation technique, continuation technique correct reading free entangle to speak, and technique note. Authenticity of data gathered data, to be strived with testing credibility through range of time in lengthening of peroeption, durability of fokus aa make up of assidinity, and triangulation of is source of data. Here in after analyse data done with technique link to conpare to equalize and link to compare to differentiate which is mustered in method correspond extralingual. This research yield proverb from have a meaning of insinuation pursuant to classification theory of majas marginally, among others form oposition of contradiction type, coherent of repetation type, retoris, and climax, and also comparison of supposing type of word, symbolic, and comparison of diction. Third of the form both of the same aim to the strengthen insinuation meaning in proverb. Besides, yielded also proverb meaning and context have a meaning of insinuation influenced by relation at the opposite of its of him which share to assist interpretation of used association. Context and the meaning constitute obediently of suavity principles have language of Leech at proverb of insinuation, proven of teared meaning which implied by figurative language, at the same time become marker of principal bowing to interest as elementary principle which obeyed by proverb of insinuation. Proven other obedient at humility principle, wise, and praise.
Influence of bagasse versus rice straw with oil sources in a total mixed ration on feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry of crossbred Thai Native x American Brahman cattle
Authors: Amartsana I. , Prakobsaeng N. , Polviset W.
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed to analysis the effects of roughage sources and oil sources in a total mixed ration (TMR) on voluntary feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry. The study was conducted using four crossbred Thai Native X American Brahman cattle, aged 1.5 years old and with a live weight of 177±34 kg, which were trialled by using a 2x2 factorial in 4×4 Latin square design. All cattle received TMR diets supplemented with bagasse and palm oil, bagasse and sunflower oil, rice straw and palm oil, rice straw and sunflower oil. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days. During the experimental periods, all cattle were fed ad libitum and with a water supply. The results revealed that roughage sources and oil sources did not affect voluntary feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry. It was concluded from this experiment that using bagasse or rice straw as the roughage sources with palm oil and sunflower oil mixed in the TMR were suitable for use in beef cattle diets, especially using bagasse with palm oil because of the lowest price (0.28 USD/kg) when compared to the other treatments.
Techniki tłumaczenia frazy תֵּבַת עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר i jej łacińskiego odpowiednika arca de lignis levigatis w czeskich i polskich przekładach biblijnych z okresu od XIV do XVI wieku
Authors: SIERADZKI Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Przedmiotem analiz są sposoby przekładu fraz תֵּבַת עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר oraz arca de lignis levigatis w czeskich i polskich tekstach biblijnych z okresu od XIV do XVI wieku. Celem prowadzonych badań jest pokazanie na ile kształt leksykalny odpowiedników tych fraz we wspomnianych tłumaczeniach miał związek z wyborem podstawy tłumaczenia, z panującą w danym kręgu tradycją przekładową oraz z przyjmowanymi interpretacjami i objaśnieniami określonego miejsca w Biblii.

Prowadzone w artykule analizy pokazują, że autorzy wszystkich czeskich przekładów biblijnych unikają dosłownego tłumaczenia rzeczownika tebh i jego łacińskiego odpowiednika arca. Tak translatorzy katoliccy, jak i protestanccy regularnie oddają go przez rzeczownik koráb. Taki sposób przekładu przyjmują też, wzorując się na Czechach, katolickie biblie polskie. Stan obserwowany w badanych tekstach dowodzi, że decyzje translatorskie były motywowane nie znaczeniem rzeczownika z podstawy hebrajskiej czy łacińskiej, ale związane były z możliwymi ujęciami arki Noego w pismach teologicznych czy nawet utrwalonych w ogólnie pojętej kulturze chrześcijańskiej.

Inne rozwiązania na gruncie polskim przyjmują protestanckie tłumaczenia z języków oryginału, w których człon konstytutywny frazy stanowią rzeczowniki archa i skrzynia, bezpośrednio nawiązujące do znaczenia rzeczownika z podstawy tłumaczenia.
Anthroponyms of the Polish-Czechborder area (The Moravian Gate)
Authors: Mieczysław BALOWSKI
Published: October 2020

The author describes in the article project of researching the anthroponymy of the Polish-Czech borderland on the section of the Moravian Gate (Gorzyce – Krzyżanowice municipalities on the Polish side and Hať – Hilheřovice – Bohumín municipalities on the Czech side). The described borderland belongs to the so-called transitional borders, whose characteristic feature is the mixing of the population of two or more nations (or ethnic groups), and the effect of it is movement of the population in this area. As a result, the so-called third culture has developed, which had a major impact on the shape of names of the inhabitants, as well as on the choices of names for their children. Another factor in changing the form of surnames is the interference of an official who has often changed the spelling form of the surname in accordance with the language norm in force in his native language.
IFCC Interim Guidelines on Biochemical/Hematological Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Thompson Simon , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Mancini Nicasio , Loh Tze Ping , Wang Cheng-Bin , Grimmler Matthias , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Mueller Robert , Koch David , Sethi Sunil , Rawlinson William D. , Clementi Massimo , Erasmus Rajiv , Leportier Marc , Kwon Gye Cheol , Menezes María Elizabeth , Patru Maria-Magdalena , Gramegna Maurizio , Singh Krishna , Najjar Osama , Ferrari Maurizio , Lippi Giuseppe , Adeli Khosrow , Horvath Andrea R.
Published: October 2020

Routine biochemical and hematological tests have been reported to be useful in the stratification and prognostication of pediatric and adult patients with diagnosed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), correlating with poor outcomes such as the need for mechanical ventilation or intensive care, progression to multisystem organ failure, and/or death. While these tests are already well established in most clinical laboratories, there is still debate regarding their clinical value in the management of COVID-19, particularly in pediatrics, as well as the value of composite clinical risk scores in COVID-19 prognostication. This document by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 provides interim guidance on: (A) clinical indications for testing, (B) recommendations for test selection and interpretation, (C) considerations in test interpretation, and (D) current limitations of biochemical/hematological monitoring of COVID-19 patients. These evidence-based recommendations will provide practical guidance to clinical laboratories worldwide, underscoring the contribution of biochemical and hematological testing to our collective pandemic response.