bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment As Learning Berbasis Tugas Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Belajar Mandiri Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Authors: Suryanto Adi
Published: February 2025

Berdasar hasil penelitian masih ditemukan cukup banyak mahasiswa pendidikan jarak jauh yang kemandirian dalam belajarnya berada pada level sedang atau rendah. Hal ini akan menghambat penyelesaian studi mahasiswa. Kemandiran mahasiswa dalam belajar perlu ditingkatkan. Kemandirian dalam belajar mandiri dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemanfaatan assessment as learning berbasis tugas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat assessment as learning berbasis tugas untuk meningkatkan kemandirian mahasiswa dalam belajar. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 144 mahasiswa program S1 PGSD UT Yogyakarta yang terdiri dari 65 mahasiswa kelompok kontrol dan 79 mahasiswa kelompok perlakuan. Setelah belajar mandiri, mahasiswa kelompok perlakuan diberi tugas membuat rekaman hasil baca sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak membuat rekaman hasil baca. Tugas yang dibuat mahasiswa kelompok perlakuan berupa ringkasan, outline, peta pikir, atau peta konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan assessment as learning dengan pemberian tugas dapat meningkatkan kemandirian mahasiswa dalam belajar. Hasil uji t-independent sample menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar mahasiswa kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol berbeda secara signifikan dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.027. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh institusi penyelenggara pendidikan jarak jauh untuk meningkatkan kemandirian mahasiswa dalam belajar.
The future is now: pioneering transformative approaches in higher education within creative fields
Authors: Ranczakowska Anna Maria , Kuznetsova-Bogdanovitsh Kristina
Published: February 2025

This study investigates transformative approaches in arts and arts management education, highlighting the urgency for adaptive pedagogies in response to the unprecedented disruptions caused by recent global crises. The impact of these crises has profoundly affected the arts and cultural sectors, emphasising the need for higher education to equip students with skills to navigate and lead through complex and evolving cultural, social and economical landscapes. Our research focuses on immersive learning experiences and transformative learning theories as crucial methodologies in fostering essential future skills like adaptability, critical thinking, and innovative problem-solving in higher education. By integrating transformative learning theory and UNESCO’s model of future skills, we explore how such educational frameworks can profoundly influence students’ abilities to address societal transitions effectively. This study draws on qualitative data from immersive learning experiences in arts universities and provides empirical insights into the pedagogical effectiveness of combining transformative learning with hands-on, real-world engagement. The findings advocate for an educational paradigm that not only transfers knowledge but also significantly enhances the resilience and inclusivity of future arts professionals. This research contributes to the discourse on higher education’s role in cultivating creative leaders adept at navigating transitions towards more sustainable and inclusive cultural landscapes.
Attenuation of acute kidney injury in a murine model of neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis
Authors: Speer Esther M. , Adedeji Atilade A. , Lin Joyce , Khorasanchi Alexandra , Rasheed Asma , Bhat Maya , Mackenzie Kelly , Hennigar Randolph , Reidy Kimberly J. , Woroniecki Robert P.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Sepsis is a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates, for which no effective treatment exists. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) has demonstrated renal protection from ischemia and inflammation in adult rodents. We hypothesized that addition of PTX to antibiotics may attenuate immune and histological AKI in a murine neonatal sepsis model.

Methods

Postnatal (PN) day 1 C57BL/6J mice were injected with E. coli K1 strain at 105 colony forming units per gram weight or saline control. After 1.5 hours, septic pups randomly received saline, gentamicin or cefotaxime, with/without PTX. 5.5h after sepsis initiation, kidneys and blood were harvested for measurements of biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury. Renal sections from PN7 mice were used for histology and immunofluorescence. Linear mixed effect models were employed to fit the outcomes including interaction between treatment group and sex.

Results

Septic mice demonstrated robust expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and biomarkers of tubular injury in renal tissue, which were attenuated in response to combined PTX and antibiotics (gentamicin or cefotaxime): chemokines (p<0.001), plasma (p<0.01) and tissue IL-6 (p<0.05), plasma TNF (p<0.001), NGAL (p<0.01), CXCL10 (p<0.01), osteopontin (p<0.05), and VEGF (p<0.05), with a trend for KIM-1 (tissue concentration: p=0.21, fluorescence area: p=0.12). Interactions between treatment and sex were present for several cytokines and kidney injury biomarkers. Immunofluorescence findings for the tubular injury markers (NGAL and KIM-1) were consistent with biomarker expression in tissue lysates.

Conclusion

Neonatal E. coli sepsis leads to increased expression of renal tissue inflammation and injury biomarkers consistent with AKI, which may be attenuated with PTX combined with antibiotic treatment.
Analysis of intracranial lesions in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Song Wei , Liu Li , Qi Tangkai , Wang Zhenyan , Tang Yang , Sun Jianjun , Xu Shuibao , Yang Junyang , Wang Jiangrong , Chen Jun , Zhang Renfang , Shen Yinzhong
Published: February 2025

Background

Intracranial imaging abnormalities are commonly observed in patients suffering from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, both before and during the treatment period. This study aims to analyze the prevalence, origins, radiological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of intracranial lesions in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, thereby providing references for future clinical decision-making.

Methods

The clinical data of patients diagnosed with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre between 2013 and 2019 were collected. Logistic regression analysis was subsequently conducted to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of intracranial lesions in this patient group.

Results

Of 211 patients analyzed, 64.5% (136/211) had intracranial lesions during treatment and follow-up. Initial cranial imaging showed 60% had lesions pre-treatment. Throughout treatment, 32.7% (52/159) developed new or worsened lesions. Mortality rates at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 2 years for those with detected lesions were 3%, 7.6%, and 13.2%, respectively. Lesions were primarily caused by Cryptococcus (70.5%) and Mycobacterium (24.3%). Lacunar infarcts, especially in the basal ganglia, were the most common type. Patients aged 50 years or older, and those presenting with altered mental status upon admission, were found to be more likely to have intracranial lesions at baseline, with adjusted odds ratios of 5.364 (95% CI: 1.468-19.591, P=0.011) and 7.970 (95% CI: 2.241-28.337, P=0.001), respectively. Patients with lesion progression showed higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-1β, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, and Basic FGF in cerebrospinal fluid after four weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

Intracranial lesions in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis patients are mostly due to Cryptococcus and Mycobacterium infections. They often appear as lacunar infarcts, predominantly in the basal ganglia, and can worsen with treatment initiation, possibly due to higher baseline cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid.
Rapid and simple detection of Candida albicans using closed dumbbell-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Chen Xuhan , Zhong Yeling , Guo Fei , Ouyang Guifang , Mao Rui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, multiplies to invade body cells and causes fungal diseases in the condition of insufficient body's immune function. Early detection of C. albicans is required to guide appropriate prevention and treatment.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to establish a C. albicans assay based on newly developed closed dumbbell-mediated isothermal amplification (CDA) to achieve rapid and simple point of care diagnostic. The CDA technique was carried out by specific primers targeting at the conserved C. albicans ITS2 gene. All primers were selected and evaluated by real-time fluorescence monitoring and endpoint visual judgement indicated by hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB). Optimal primers and accelerate primers (out primers and loop primers) were designed and selected after confirmation of the fundamental CDA primers to achieve more efficient CDA reaction for C. albicans detection (CA-OL-CDA).

Results

After establishment of the assay, 9 non-Candida albicans strains, including 3 Candida species were tested to negative by adopting the established CA-OL-CDA assay, indicated high specificity. The limit of detection of Candida albicans DNA by CA-OL-CDA assay was 6.2×10-6 ng/μL of DNA (10 copies/μL), 10-fold more sensitive than real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Discussion

The CA-OL-CDA assay exhibited advantages of high specificity, sensitivity, simpler and more efficient operation. In addition, the CA-OL-CDA method holds potential in on-site detection for C. albicans using color shift by adopting the reaction mixture based on HNB.
Nineteen years retrospective analysis of epidemiology, antifungal resistance and a nomogram model for 30-day mortality in nosocomial candidemia patients
Authors: Dai Zhang , Lan Xuhong , Cai Minjing , Liao Yunhui , Zhang Jingwen , Ye Naifang , Lu Xinxin , Wang Jiajia , Xiao Yun , Zhang Yan , Yao Yihui , Liang Xianming
Published: February 2025

Background

The incidence of nosocomial candidemia has increased in recently years, however, the epidemiological data remain insufficient in China.

Methods

A total of 234 candidemia patients were included from Xiamen University Zhong Shan hospital between January 2006 and October 2024. Incidence, species proportion, distribution, antifungal drug resistance of candidemia was analyzed. A nomogram model for 30-day morbidity of candidemia was determined using the least absolute shrinkage and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The incidence of candidemia increased in recent years (2020: 0.025%, 2021: 0.029%, 2023:0.022%). The dominant species of candidemia were Candida albicans (n=99,42.31%), Candida parapsilosis (n=47,20.09%), Candida tropicalis (n=43,18.38%), Candida glabrata (n=31,13.25%). Departments with a higher detection of candidemia included intensive care unit (n=55), emergency department (n=24) and hepatobiliary surgery (n=22). Candida tropicalis performed the highest resistance to azole (fluconazole: 55.81%, voriconazole:55.00% and itraconazole:58.14%). The resistance of Candida albicans to fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole were 32.32%, 23.53% and 31.31%. The mortality rate of 30-day discharge for candidemia reached 52.99%. 205 cases of candidemia patients from January 2006 to December 2023 were included as the training set, while 29 cases of candidiasis patients from January to October 2004 were included as the validation set. Five independent factors included Candida albicans, decreased albumin, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, solid tumor and septic shock were adopted in a nomogram for 30-days mortality of candidemia. In the training set, the area under curve was 0.866 (95%CI: 0.817-0.916), the optimal cutoff value was 0.617, the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 80.4%. In the validation set, the area under curve was 0.808 (95%CI:0.737-0.970), the optimal cutoff value was 0.543. The sensitivity was 72.7% and the specificity was 83.3%.

Conclusion

The incidence of nosocomial candidemia has risen in recent years. Candida albicans remains the primary species, with the highest incidence is intensive care unit. Candida tropicalis exhibits the highest resistance rate to azole drugs. A nomogram predicting 30-day mortality discharge for candidemia patients has been constructed, and the independent risk factors including Candida albicans, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, septic shock, solid tumors, and decreased albumin.
Bacterial blood microbiome of Mastomys rodents: implications for disease spill-over at the animal-human interface within the Bushbuckridge-East community, South Africa
Authors: Kolo Agatha O. , Brayton Kelly A. , Collins Nicola E. , Bastos Armanda D. S. , Matthee Sonja , Gall Cory A. , Wentzel Jeanette , Neves Luis , Oosthuizen Marinda C.
Published: February 2025

The Bushbuckridge-East community in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa is bordered by nature reserves, including the Manyeleti Game Reserve. Murid rodents are prevalent in both Manyeleti and communal rangelands adjoining the community households. Although rodents are reservoir hosts for a broad range of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens, the rodent microbial diversity and transmission of zoonotic agents to humans in the community is understudied. In this study we investigated bacterial diversity in wild and commensal rodents sampled from different habitats. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified from DNA extracted from the blood of 24 wild Mastomys and one Steatomys sp. and subjected to PacBio circular consensus sequencing. As Bartonella species were dominant in the blood microbiome, gltA gene characterization was performed to delineate species. Rodents sampled from peri-urban and communal rangelands had higher proportions of Bartonella spp. [Hlalakahle (77.7%), Gottenburg (47.8%), Tlhavekisa (83.8%)] compared to those from the protected habitat (43.8%). Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Coxiella burnetii were detected at <1% of the sequence reads. Conventional PCR and sequencing validated the detection of Bartonella spp. with the first confirmation of Bartonella mastomydis infection in Mastomys in South Africa. Additionally, 317 mites, 90 fleas, 10 ticks and eight lice were collected from the rodents, providing evidence of possible vectors of the organisms detected. The detection of zoonotic agents in rodents in Bushbuckridge-East community, together with prior serological confirmation of Bartonella and Coxiella in non-malarial acute febrile patients from this community, highlights the possible risks that commensal rodents pose to human health.
Delineating the environmental justice implications of an experimental cheetah introduction project in India
Authors: Joshi Yashendu C. , Klarmann Stephanie E. , de Waal Louise C.
Published: February 2025

Project Cheetah in Kuno National Park was initiated to establish a population of African cheetahs in India due to the Asiatic subspecies’ extinction in the country since the 1950s. The project has received criticism from international conservationists for lacking conservation and scientific merit. Conservationists, particularly from India and South Africa, have raised concerns regarding the ecological criteria guiding its decision-making and concerns regarding a lack of scientific evidence in addition to potential political motivations. The concerns raised by the international community suggest that the project may not solely focus on conserving the African cheetah, which is classified as “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but could be guided by other agendas outside of conservation. Several cheetahs have died in the project’s couple of years, raising ethical concerns regarding the cheetahs’ welfare and high mortality rates demonstrated thus far, in addition to the perceived unjust social impacts on local stakeholders. In this perspective piece, we use Project Cheetah as a case study to exemplify broader issues applicable to rewilding and restoration projects that necessitate attention by proponents and authorities responsible for issuing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) import and export permits.
Comprehensive analysis of In0.53Ga0.47As SOI-FinFET for enhanced RF/wireless performance
Authors: Agrwal Priyanka , Kumar Ajay
Published: February 2025

This paper comprehensively analyses the RF (Radio Frequency) and wireless performance characteristics of high-k In0.53Ga0.47As silicon-on-insulator FinFET (InGaAs-SOI-FinFET). Firstly, the fundamental operating principles and unique features of InGaAs-SOI-FinFET are discussed, highlighting their three-dimensional fin structure and improved electrostatic control, which contributes to enhanced electrostatic integrity and reduced leakage currents compared to traditional CMOS technologies. The linearity performance of InGaAs-SOI-FinFET focuses on parameters such as third-order intercept point (IP3) and linearity metrics in analog circuits. The influence of device geometry, biasing schemes, and operating conditions on linearity characteristics and strategies for enhancing linearity while maintaining high-frequency performance is examined. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the RF performance metrics, such as fT, fMAX, TFP, GFP and GTFP. Thus, emerging trends and challenges in leveraging InGaAs-SOI-FinFET for RF and linearity-critical applications include circuit design, process integration, and reliability considerations.
Myasthenia gravis complicated by pure red cell aplasia with clonal large granular lymphocytosis in the absence of thymoma: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Du Lijun , Liu Yiping , Zhou Qiaolin , Xu Fang
Published: February 2025

In 2013, a young woman during her early pregnancy was repeatedly hospitalized due to respiratory and swallowing difficulties. The pregnancy was terminated due to recurrent severe lung infections. She was later diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG) based on positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Her muscle weakness was subsequently well-controlled with pyridostigmine bromide, azathioprine, and prednisone. Notably, in the seventh year after her MG diagnosis (2021), the patient developed severe anemia (hemoglobin: 44 g/L). Bone marrow analysis revealed a rare combination of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) with clonal expansion of large granular cells. Further examinations excluded thymoma. Considering the possibility of drug-induced PRCA, azathioprine was replaced with tacrolimus. Remarkably, the anemia resolved within 1 month, and her MG remained well-controlled. It is well-established that abnormal thymic hyperplasia within thymomas can alter the distribution and function of peripheral T lymphocytes, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases such as MG and PRCA. In this unique case without thymoma, we discussed the mechanisms and associations of PRCA with MG, medication, and clonal large granular T cells. This unique case highlights the unprecedented association of MG and PRCA without thymoma, underscoring the complexity of the disease spectrum. The patient’s subsequent successful delivery in June 2023 adds another dimension to the multifaceted clinical course, warranting attention and exploration into potential connections between these conditions.
Spatial and seasonal variability of excess dinitrogen gas in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Sivasamy Pratha , Diak Magdalena , Winogradow Aleksandra , Bange Hermann W. , Borecka Marta , Makuch Przemysław , Koziorowska-Makuch Katarzyna , Kuliński Karol , Mackiewicz Anna , Szymczycha Beata
Published: February 2025

To determine the excess of dissolved dinitrogen gas (ΔN2 > 0 indicates the loss of bioavailable dissolved nitrogen) in the water column of the Baltic Proper, we measured N2/Ar ratios below the halocline at 19 stations during different seasons between 2017 and 2021. ΔN2 concentrations below the halocline ranged from 1.0 to 32.6 µmol L-1 for all seasons and sites. A significant spatial difference in ΔN2 (p = 0.0001) was observed, with the highest values found in the Gotland Deep. The seasonal changes in ΔN2 were statistically significant (p = 0.005) with the highest concentrations observed in winter. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the variability of ΔN2 on a large scale in the Baltic Proper. Our findings suggest that the cumulative loss of bioavailable nitrogen via denitrification and anammox is an important mechanism in the Baltic Sea nitrogen cycle. The accumulated signal of N2 production is, however, not uniform across the Baltic Proper, exhibiting significant seasonal and spatial variabilities. This calls for future, investigations on a broad spatial scale and a seasonal resolution which focus on denitrification and anammox rates in the water column, by utilizing a consistent methodological approach. It is essential to ensure an accurate representation of the nitrogen loss, which in turn is important for managing eutrophication and maintaining a good environmental status in the Baltic Sea.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhu Ailing , Hu Manman , Ge Dehai , Zhang Xiujian , Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Yangchun , Yao Xin , Liu Junjun
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’s (COPD)'s prevalence in the general populace, its incidence in heart failure (HF) patients is understudied. This study aimed to assess COPD prevalence and clinical associations in Chinese HF patients.

Methods

From the Chinese Heart Failure Study, demographic and clinical details of 2008 HF patients were analyzed. Divided into 233 COPD cases and 1775 non-COPD controls, a multivariable logistic regression identified factors linked to COPD onset in HF, with thorough examination of intergroup clinical differences.

Results

The incidence of COPD in HF individuals was 11.60% (233/2008). The COPD subgroup featured a higher ratio of individuals over 60 and males, alongside lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores, and increased PaCO₂ levels (p < 0.05). Type II respiratory failure and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) were more prevalent in the COPD subgroup (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression, after adjustments, indicated positive associations between COPD and age over 60 (OR = 3.831, 95%CI: 1.085–13.526, p = 0.037), male sex (OR = 1.587, 95%CI: 1.032–2.441, p = 0.036), higher CCI (OR = 2.214, 95%CI: 1.796–2.729, p < 0.001), elevated PaCO2 (OR = 1.035, 95%CI: 1.015–1.055, p < 0.001), and RVD (OR = 0.605, 95%CI: 0.119–3.063, p = 0.544). Inversely, higher SBP (OR = 0.990, 95%CI: 0.982–0.998, p = 0.020) and log (triglycerides) (OR = 0.183, 95%CI: 0.064–0.552, p = 0.002) were negatively correlated with COPD in HF patients.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of Chinese Heart Failure (HF) patients, our study revealed a notable COPD prevalence. Key risk factors included age, sex, elevated PaCO2, CCI score, and right heart failure, while higher SBP and triglyceride levels offered protection. These insights lay groundwork for probing disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
Comparative outcomes of corticosteroids, neuromuscular blocking agents, and inhaled nitric oxide in ARDS: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Liu Xiao , Zhang Liang , Yan Xianliang
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of commonly used treatments, including corticosteroids, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and rank these three treatments to identify the most effective option.

Data sources

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for clinical trials from the earliest records to 1 May 2024.

Study selection and data extraction

Clinical trials evaluating three interventions compared with the control group for ARDS were included, with restrictions on any language. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to identify the most effective intervention, and treatments were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, while secondary outcomes included ventilator-free days up to 28 days, ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and the incidence of new infection events.

Data synthesis

Data from 26 clinical trials encompassing 5,071 patients were analyzed. Vecuronium bromide was the most effective strategy for reducing 28-day mortality compared to conventional treatment, iNO, methylprednisolone, and placebo (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–1.00, and OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.85 and OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.74 and OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.65; SUCRA: 96.6%). Dexamethasone was identified as the most effective treatment option for increasing ventilator-free days at 28 days compared to conventional therapy and cisatracurium (MD 3.60, 95% CI 1.77–5.43, and MD 3.40, 95% CI 0.87–5.92; SUCRA: 93.2%). Methylprednisolone demonstrated the highest effectiveness for preventing ICU mortality (SUCRA: 88.5%). Although dexamethasone, cisatracurium, conventional therapy, methylprednisolone, and iNO treatment did not show significant superiority in reducing in-hospital mortality, dexamethasone showed the highest probability of being the most effective treatment option (SUCRA: 79.7%). Furthermore, dexamethasone treatment showed the highest safety in reducing the incidence of new infection events compared with placebo and iNO (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.88, and OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.58; SUCRA: 91.8%).

Conclusion

This NMA suggests that corticosteroids may provide benefits to patients with ARDS. While the application of NMBAs may reduce 28-day mortality, iNO did not demonstrate a significant beneficial effect as a therapeutic measure.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, CRD42022333165 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
New bitongling regulates gut microbiota to predict angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis via the gut-joint axis: a deep neural network approach
Authors: Guan Yin , Zhao Xiaoqian , Lu Yun , Zhang Yue , Lu Yan , Wang Yue
Published: February 2025

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation and joint damage. Although current treatments, such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), help control symptoms, they frequently cause substantial side effects, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more effective alternatives. Recent research indicates that gut microbiota might be pivotal in RA development through the “gut-joint axis,” presenting novel therapeutic possibilities.

Purpose

This study seeks to explore the therapeutic potential of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound new bitongling (NBTL) for RA, with an emphasis on its capacity to regulate gut microbiota and suppress angiogenesis via the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway.

Methods

We utilized a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model to assess the impact of NBTL. The study employed 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing to analyze gut microbiota composition, machine learning techniques to identify characteristic microbial taxa, and transcriptomic analysis (GSVA) to assess the impact on the VEGF signaling pathway. The findings were further validated through analysis with deep neural network models and in vivo/in vitro experiments, including western blot, immunofluorescence, and miRNA analysis.

Results

NBTL treatment markedly diminished inflammation in RA rats, evidenced by the reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, and ASC in synovial tissues. Histopathological analysis confirmed alleviation of joint damage. Five characteristic microbial taxa, including f_Mycoplasmataceae, s_Metamycoplasma_sualvi, and g_Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, were identified and associated with NBTL’s modulation of the VEGF pathway. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed significant downregulation of the VEGF signaling pathway following NBTL treatment. Subsequent experiments confirmed that NBTL inhibited VEGF and its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, along with HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha), thereby reducing angiogenesis. Additionally, NBTL upregulated miR-20a-5p and miR-223-3p, contributing to its anti-angiogenic effects.

Conclusion

NBTL exhibits significant therapeutic potential in RA by modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway. These findings support NBTL’s use as a promising candidate for RA treatment, emphasizing the need for further research on its mechanisms and clinical application.
Neurodiversity: post-cognitivist foundations of the 3E approach for educational inclusion of autistic students with technology
Authors: Videla Ronnie , Aros May Britt , Parada Francisco , Kausel Leonie , Sandoval-Obando Eduardo , Jorquera Daniela , Ibacache David , Maluenda Sebastián , Rodríguez-Herrero Pablo , Cerpa Carola , González María Jesús , Chávez Marcelo , Ramírez Paola
Published: February 2025

The concept of neurodiversity has gained strength in the last years to highlight the value of individual differences based on relevant variations in brain functioning. Inclusive education has embraced neurodiversity to promote a culture centered on valuing diversity, in response to clinical models based on deficits or disorders. This theoretical-critical article argues for the need to complement the current foundations of neurodiversity with post-cognitivist perspectives that reaffirm the brain-body-environment continuum, in order to enrich inclusive educational practices for autistic individuals. We begin by reviewing and discussing the concept of neurodiversity and neurocentric arguments in light of post-cognitivism. We then explore the potential of the 3E Cognition approach (embodied, enacted, and environmentally scaffolded) for addressing autism, aiming to provide a holistic understanding that contributes to the practical application of cognitive neuroscience findings in inclusive education. Finally, we present some guidelines and practical cases for creating inclusive educational environments based on digital technologies that enhance agency and sensory multimodality for autistic students.
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis complicated by glutaric acidemia type II: a case report
Authors: Zhang Yuli , Chen Longfei , Duan Miao
Published: February 2025

Glutaric acidemia type II (GAII) is an autosomal recessive genetic metabolic disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency that affects fatty acid metabolism. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents a severe inflammatory condition affecting premature neonates. This report describes a case involving a male preterm infant born at a gestation of 30 + 1 weeks who developed NEC complicated by GAII. On the eighth day of life, the patient exhibited abdominal distension and vomiting. Diagnostic imaging, including abdominal B-ultrasound and x-ray, revealed thickened bowel walls, multiple intestinal pneumatosis, and partial intestinal dilation, consistent with NEC. Subsequent recurrent episodes of acidosis, hyperlactacidemia, and hypoglycemia were observed. Diagnosis of GAII was confirmed through tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a blood sample. Genetic metabolic diseases may complicate or mimic common infections, leading to potential misdiagnosis. A differential diagnosis of GAII should be considered when active anti-infective treatments fail.
Conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced liver inflammation in mice
Authors: Zhang Xue-Ying , Lu Qing-Qing , Li Yan-Jie , Shi Shan-Rui , Ma Chao-Nan , Miao Miao , Guo Shou-Dong
Published: February 2025

Instruction

Accumulating evidence has shown that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is associated with inflammation in the vascular system. However, the roles of PCSK9 in hepatic inflammation remain unclear. Because PCSK9 is mainly expressed in the liver and modulates lipid uptake through low-density lipoprotein receptor family members, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and the underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods

PCSK9flox/flox mice were bred with ALB-Cre+ mice to obtain hepatic PCSK9(−/−), PCSK9(+/−), and PCSK9(+/+) mice. These mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 9 weeks to induce inflammation. The effects of conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 on inflammation and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by molecular biological techniques. Moreover, the findings were verified in vitro using HepG2 cells.

Results and Discussion

Conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 remarkably decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol and alleviated hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury. Mechanistically, conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the expression of Toll-like receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B, which subsequently attenuated the expression of downstream molecules, namely nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. The related mechanisms were confirmed using lipid-loaded HepG2 cells together with PCSK9 siRNA, alirocumab (anti-PCSK9 antibody), and/or a p38-MAPK inhibitor. These findings confirmed that conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 attenuates liver inflammation following hyperlipidemia induction by modulating multiple signaling pathways; this suggests that targeting PCSK9 knockdown/inhibition with appropriate agents is useful not only for treating hyperlipidemia but also for ameliorating hyperlipidemia-induced liver inflammation.
Bioprinted hydrogels in bone regeneration: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Li Xiaoyu , Jia Zhenyu , Jiao Kun , Liu Chen , Deng Zixiang , Bai Yushu , Wei Xianzhao , Zhou Xiaoyi
Published: February 2025

Background

The application of bioprinted hydrogels in the field of bone regeneration is garnering increasing attention. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research status, hotspots and research directions in this field through bibliometric methods, and to predict the development trend of this field.

Methods

A search was conducted on 27 December 2024, for papers published on the Web of Science from 2010 to 2025. We used the bibliometrix package in the software program R to analyze the retrieved data and VOSviewer and CiteSpace to visualize hotspots and research trends in bioprinted hydrogels for bone regeneration.

Results

We identified and reviewed 684 articles published in this field between 2010 and 2025. A total of 811 institutions and 1,166 researchers from 41 countries/regions contributed to these publications. Among them, China led in terms of the number of articles published, single-country publications (SCP), and multi-country publications (MCP). Our bibliometric-based visualization analysis revealed that the mechanical properties and osteogenic differentiation capacity of biomaterials have been a focal research topic over the past decade, while emerging research has also concentrated on the in vitro fabrication of stem cells for bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation, particularly the precise application of in situ stem cell-loaded bioprinted organoids.

Conclusion

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the research trajectory in the application of bioprinted hydrogels for bone regeneration. The number of research papers in this field is increasing annually, and the main research hotspots include bone regeneration, 3D printing, scaffolds, and hydrogels. Future research directions may focus on gelatin, additive manufacturing, and growth factors. Additionally, international collaboration is essential to enhance the effectiveness of bioprinted hydrogels in bone regeneration applications.
Advancements in genome editing tools for genetic studies and crop improvement
Authors: Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Zarabizadeh Homa , Nayeri Shahnoush , Abbasi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: February 2025

The rapid increase in global population poses a significant challenge to food security, compounded by the adverse effects of climate change, which limit crop productivity through both biotic and abiotic stressors. Despite decades of progress in plant breeding and genetic engineering, the development of new crop varieties with desirable agronomic traits remains a time-consuming process. Traditional breeding methods often fall short of addressing the urgent need for improved crop varieties. Genome editing technologies, which enable precise modifications at specific genomic loci, have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing crop traits. These technologies, including RNA interference, Meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas systems, allow for the targeted insertion, deletion, or alteration of DNA fragments, facilitating improvements in traits such as herbicide and insect resistance, nutritional quality, and stress tolerance. Among these, CRISPR/Cas9 stands out for its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to reduce off-target effects, making it a valuable tool in both agricultural biotechnology and plant functional genomics. This review examines the functional mechanisms and applications of various genome editing technologies for crop improvement, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also explores the ethical considerations associated with genome editing in agriculture and discusses the potential of these technologies to contribute to sustainable food production in the face of growing global challenges.
The first rodent behavioral study (1822) and the diffusion of human-bred albino rats and mice in the 19th century
Authors: d’Isa Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Rodents, in particular rats and mice, are currently the most widely employed animal models in psychology and behavioral neuroscience. Nevertheless, an interesting historical question is: when was the first rodent behavioral study performed and by whom? The current article presents the first rodent behavioral study in the history of science: a case of interspecies social bonding between a rat and a dog, observed in 1822 by the British chemist Samuel Moss (1794–1868) and subsequently described by the same in a scientific article in 1836. In the present article, after a biographical sketch of Samuel Moss, I examine in detail the notable case of interspecies bonding observed by Moss. This case is notable under several points of view. First, Moss’s rat was an albino, a variety which at that time was extremely rare. Moreover, at that time, in the Western world rats were mostly seen as pest animals or baits for rat-catching sports, and were not kept as pets. The color of the rat played a key role in its fate, being the reason for which it was originally brought to Moss and for which Moss decided to keep it under his care. Third, the relationship that arose between the rat and the dog is even more surprising if we consider that the dog was a trained rat-catcher. Importantly, this rat-dog bonding case, which showcased the tameness of Moss’s albino rat in both lay and scientific publications, represented the first popularization of the docility of albino rats. After having outlined Moss’s case, considering the importance of albino rats in our current society, both in scientific research (where the albino rat has become the prototype of the laboratory rat) and as pets, I provide an historical contextualization regarding albino rodents, starting from the 17th century, and I then trace the history of the post-Moss diffusion of human-bred albino rats and mice in the 19th century.
Exploring the effects of artificial intelligence on student and academic well-being in higher education: a mini-review
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Pikhart Marcel
Published: February 2025

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education is reshaping how students engage with their academic and personal lives. However, the impact of AI on students’ well-being remains underexplored. This mini-review synthesizes current literature to assess how AI affects student well-being, focusing on mental health, social interactions, and academic experiences. While AI offers benefits such as personalized learning, mental health support, and improved communication efficiency, it also raises concerns regarding digital fatigue, loneliness, technostress, and reduced face-to-face interactions. Over-reliance on AI may diminish interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence, leading to social isolation and anxiety. Furthermore, issues such as data privacy and job displacement emerge as AI technologies permeate educational environments. The review highlights the need for balanced AI integration that supports both academic success and student well-being, advocating for further empirical studies to comprehensively understand these dynamics. As AI becomes more embedded in education, it is crucial to develop strategies that mitigate its negative effects while promoting holistic well-being among students.
A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Tao Xiao , Jing Zheng Wen , Yuan Wang Kui , Yun Guo Hui , Fang Xie Jian , Sheng Liao Ming
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study compares the safety and effectiveness of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods

We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated rTMS and TBS in managing TRD. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies published up to July 31, 2024. Data from these studies were analyzed using statistical software.

Results

Five RCTs involving 1,196 patients were included, with 553 receiving rTMS and 663 receiving TBS. The analysis found no significant differences between rTMS and TBS in reducing depression [SMD = -0.07, 95% CI (-0.19, 0.04)] or anxiety [SMD = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.15, 0.11)], nor in side effects like headaches [OR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.72, 1.40)], nausea [OR = 1.42, 95% CI (0.79, 2.54)], or fatigue [OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.46, 1.64)].

Conclusions

Both rTMS and TBS are similarly effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, with comparable side effect profiles. However, TBS is more time-efficient, with sessions lasting only 192 seconds, making it a cost-effective option for patients. These findings support TBS as a practical treatment choice for TRD.
Specific endophenotypes in EEG microstates for methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Gao Xurong , Chen Yun-Hsuan , Zeng Ziyi , Zheng Wenyao , Chai Chengpeng , Wu Hemmings , Zhu Zhoule , Yang Jie , Zhong Lihua , Shen Hua , Sawan Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Background

Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates, which reflect large-scale resting-state networks of the brain, have been proposed as potential endophenotypes for methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). However, current endophenotypes lack refinement at the frequency band level, limiting their precision in identifying key frequency bands associated with MUD.

Methods

In this study, we investigated EEG microstate dynamics across various frequency bands and different tasks, utilizing machine learning to classify MUD and healthy controls.

Results

During the resting state, the highest classification accuracy for detecting MUD was 85.5%, achieved using microstate parameters in the alpha band. Among these, the coverage of microstate class A contributed the most, suggesting it as the most promising endophenotype for specifying MUD.

Discussion

We accurately categorize the endophenotype of MUD into different sub-frequency bands, thereby providing reliable biomarkers.
The complex relationships among self-acceptance, perceived social support, drug use stereotype threat, and subthreshold depression in people with substance use disorder: exploring the mediating and buffering effects
Authors: Li Yongqiu , Wang Rufang , Liu Jun , Li Zuoliang , Zhou Yinghua
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Depression levels are significantly higher among people with substance use disorder (SUD) than in the general population; however, studies on the level of subthreshold depression in this population are scarce. Research shows a significant correlation between self-acceptance and depression, with social support playing a key role in the process of recovery and social reintegration for people with SUD. This study aimed to explore the effects of self-acceptance, perceived social support, and stereotype threat of people with SUD on their subthreshold depression, as well as potential mediating and buffering effects.

Methods

This study was conducted from January-March 2024. 1068 drug addicts (548 males and 520 females) were recruited in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. After signing informed consent, their psychometric data were obtained using the Self-acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Drug Use Stereotype Threat Scale (DSTS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Gender and group differences in relevant scale dimensions were explored. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between PSSS, SAQ, and DSTS scores and subthreshold depression in male and female participants. Bootstrap mediation effect tests were used to further test the mediation effect of drug use stereotype threat and perceived social support between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression. Line graphs were used to show the buffering effect of perceived social support on the relationship between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression in different groups.

Results

The results showed that,gender, HIV-positive or not, education and monthly income level affect subthreshold depression in patients with SUD. Negative correlation between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression among SUD patients. Furthermore, perceived social support and substance use stereotypes threatmediated the relationship between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression, respectively, forming a parallel mediating relationship. Results exploring the buffering effect of perceived social support by subgroup showed that the buffering effect of perceived social support on subthreshold depression was most pronounced in the HIV-negative and and female groups. Social support, group stereotypes discrimination affect the mental health of sud patients.

Discussion

Our study provides theoretical support for the alleviation of subthreshold depression among people with SUD, realizing that self-acceptance, perceived social support and reduction of drug use stereotype threat can be a psychoprotective factor for people with SUD.