bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Constructivist-Oriented Teaching Module with Mind Maps for High School Biology Learning on the Excretory System
Authors: Nengsih Rodiantifitri , Qadariah Nosi , Putri Rahayu Dian Eka
Published: November 2024

One of the efforts to bridge students' activities in constructing their knowledge is through constructivist-oriented modules equipped with mind maps. This research aims to develop a constructivist-oriented module with mind maps for the topic of the excretory system and to assess the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed learning module. This study is a development research that employs the Four-D Models, which include the stages of Definition, Design, Development, and Dissemination, though the dissemination stage was not carried out. The results indicate that the constructivist-oriented module equipped with mind maps is valid, practical, and effective. The average module validation score is 3.54, the average practical test score by teachers is 3.23, the average practical test score by students is 3.54, and the effectiveness of the module can be observed from students' motivation, activity, and learning outcomes.
Islamic Family Law Reform in Indonesia: A Review of the Supreme Court's Decision on the Postponement of the Distribution of Joint Property
Authors: Ritonga Bakti , Mukhlas Oyo Sunaryo , Nurrohman  , Burhanuddin  , Ridwan Ahmad Hasan
Published: November 2024

The settlement of joint property between husband and wife after divorce often ends up in the Religious Court, even reaching the level of cassation and judicial review (PK), such as in the Supreme Court Decision Number Register 159/K/AG/2018. In this case, especially related to disputes over joint property in marriages with minor children, the Supreme Court not only refers to the normative law contained in the law, but also considers a sense of justice and benefit. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with an empirical juridical approach. This approach is referred to as empirical legal research because it focuses on analyzing the implementation of normative legal provisions directly (in action) in certain legal events in society. Primary data was obtained from Supreme Court decision No 159 K/Ag/2018, No 618/Pdt.G/2012/PA.Bkt, No 38/Pdt.G/2013/PTA.Pdg, No 88K/Ag/2015, No 159/K/AG/2018, No 99/Pdt.G/2023/MS, as well as laws related to the research being discussed. Secondary data is obtained from books, scientific articles and previous research results related to joint property and those that have the same discussion. Data collection techniques using literature study and qualitative data analysis are used to explore certain phenomena and find out the causes. The results showed that the Supreme Court judge in deciding this case used the method of legal discovery through legal interpretation, especially systematic interpretation and sociological interpretation. In the case, the judge postponed the division of joint property until the children of the disputing parties reached the age of mumayyiz, thus showing attention to aspects of substantive justice. Systematic and sociological legal interpretations by judges show that in resolving post-divorce joint property disputes, especially those involving minors, judges must consider the social realities that live in society to actualize justice. This emphasizes the role of judges not only as law enforcers, but also as guardians of the public good. This research concludes that legal discovery by judges through interpretation based on systematic and sociological approaches can realize concrete justice in society, especially in divorce cases involving children.
Characterization of Crack Geometry Parameters Based on Three-dimensional Transient Magnetic Field of Rectangular Pulsed Eddy Current
Authors: Jiang Feng , Hou Rongxi , Song Zhiqiang , Yin Hefeng , Yang Fan
Published: November 2024

Eddy current testing plays an important role in assessing the surface quality of metal structures. Based on pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing, a new magnetic field characterization technique for surface cracks is proposed in this paper. The three-dimensional transient magnetic field is studied, revealing its distribution characteristics and transient response in the presence of cracks. The results show that the transient magnetic field contains valuable information. Specifically, the distributions of the magnetic field components Bx and Bz at the initial time are effective in evaluating crack length and depth. The time response of Bx provides characteristic information about defect length, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate detection location. Additionally, the peak position and response amplitude of Bz can characterize crack depth. The effects of the pulse rising time and coil liftoff on the transient magnetic field are also studied. The study shows that the pulse rising time should be as short as possible, and the characteristics of rectangular PEC help mitigate the effects of liftoff. The rich features extracted from the transient magnetic field provide a new means to evaluate crack geometry, improving testing capabilities and detection accuracy.
Line Scanning Thermography for Rail Base Defect Detection
Authors: Seavers Connor , Gandia Guiherme Caselato , Winn Jackson , Mathias James , Chu Tsuchin , Poudel Anish
Published: November 2024

Rail base defects present significant maintenance challenges within the railway industry, as they are difficult to detect before they lead to failure. While various in-motion nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods exist for inspecting rail, none of the existing NDE methods can inspect the rail base area reliably and efficiently. This paper presents finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results applying a line scanning thermography (LST) approach developed for rail base area inspection. This work demonstrates the LST approach for dynamic inspection of thick steel components containing surface and subsurface anomalies. Initially, FEA was used to help design the experimental setup, then to compare trends in surface temperature variations with those from experimental trials. Through motorized testing, test specimens were moved through a region heated by three stationary line heaters, utilizing LST to capture temperature variations on the surface of each sample. The results have shown that subsurface features 6.3 mm in diameter and with aspect ratios greater than 1.5 were detectable in all specimens. This is a promising development that warrants further study.
Methods for Improving the Stability of Underground Structure Operation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Novozhilov I. M. , Pervukhin D. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University Empress Catherine II, Martirosyan A. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University Empress Catherine II, Trofimets V. Ya. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University Empress Catherine II, Tukeev D. L. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University Empress Catherine II, Talanov N. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University Empress Catherine II, Iskanderov Yu. M. ,   Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The existing systems for monitoring the technical condition of mines and other underground structures are increasingly failing to meet modern requirements in terms of accuracy and reliability. This is largely related to a lack of innovative design and construction methods, as well as supporting measures that involve real-time monitoring of the various elements of geotechnical systems in the process of their interaction. These tasks can be solved using the methods of system analysis. The application of modern techniques requires a deep analysis of the object under study. Therefore, the development of a unified method for identifying the input, output, and resultant factors determining the operational stability of mines and underground structures appears to be an important task. In this work, we aim to identify a set of input, internal, and output factors affecting mining deposit structures and their operational parameters. This set is used as the basis for developing a conceptual model for simulating the technical condition of an apatite-nepheline ore mine at different stages of its operation. The scientific significance of the work consists in the development of methods for the analysis of the apatitenepheline deposit and the development of a methodology for constructing a mathematical model based on the method of expert assessments. The practical significance of the work consists in the application of a more accurate model for assessing the technical condition of underground structures, which will lead to an increase in the reliability and efficiency of operation of underground structures.
Study of a Machine Learning Model Based on a Convolution Neural Network by Explainability Methods
Authors:   Mozhaisky Military Space Academy, Utkin I. A. , Nagorny D. S. ,   Mozhaisky Military Space Academy
Published: November 2024

Explainability methods are used to investigate a machine learning model based on the convolution neural network architecture. Class activation maps are calculated by applying algorithms based on forward and backward propagation of image tensors through the network components. A redundancy analysis of class activation maps and a statistical analysis of network weights during image propagation are also performed. The purpose of the work is aimed at increasing the explainability of internal processes of convolutional neural network functioning on the basis of the ResNet50 model. As a result, regularities and consequences reflecting the mechanisms of convolutional neural network operation when solving the problem of image classification are presented.
Reduction of the Exchange Processes Model in the Identification of Electromechanical Objects
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Omelchenko A. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The issues of justification and calculation of the Green's function, as a model of an electromechanical object, from ordinary differential equations are considered. For this purpose, issues of reduction of the main model are discussed: idealization of the measuring and control device and requirements for the object model based on equations. During the calculation process, the complexity of the analytical derivation of the Green's function of an object is revealed, which is demonstrated by an example. In the «discussion of results» section, an analysis of the features of the Green's function obtained by calculation from ordinary differential equations is carried out in comparison with the Green's function obtained by identification.
Societal Impact of Test Automation: Reducing Human Error in Critical Systems
Authors: Sandeep Akinepalli
Published: November 2024

This article explores the profound societal impact of test automation across critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and energy. It examines how automated testing processes significantly reduce human error, enhance system reliability, and improve service quality. The article presents compelling evidence from various studies and reports, demonstrating substantial improvements in medical diagnostics, financial fraud detection, transportation safety, and energy distribution efficiency. Beyond error reduction, the article discusses broader societal benefits, including enhanced accuracy in data processing, faster emergency response times, improved service quality, and strategic resource allocation. The article underscores the crucial role of test automation in addressing the challenges posed by increasingly complex technological systems and its far-reaching implications for public safety, economic stability, and overall quality of life.
Commenting on local politics: An analysis of YouTube video comments for local government videos
Authors: Coats Steven
Published: November 2024

This study compares the content of transcripts of videos uploaded by local governments with the comments on those videos, utilizing three transformer-model-based techniques: summarization of the discourse content of video transcripts, topic modeling of summarized transcripts, and sentiment analysis of transcripts and of comments. The analysis shows that some types of video content, for example those dealing with music or education, are more likely to attract positive comments than content related to policing or government meetings. In addition to their potential relevance for local government outreach, the study may represent a viable exploratory method for comparison of online video content and written comments in the context of computational social science analyses of user interaction and commenting behavior.
Lost in a sea of highlight reels: The use of social media and mental health metaphors in online health blogs
Authors: Foley Jennifer
Published: November 2024

This article explores the metaphorical conceptualisation of social media and its relationship with mental health and well-being in a specialised corpus of online health blogs, with the aim of discovering how people communicate their experience of social media use, and whether it has a positive or negative influence in their lives. For this purpose, a 20,000-word corpus of blog posts from online health communities, charities and personal blogs were collected and analysed. The main research questions are: a) How is social media conceptualised? b) Are metaphors used to conceptualise social media evaluative? c) How are mental health and well-being conceptualised? d) How are metaphors used to discuss the benefits and challenges of social media use for individuals who suffer from illness? Results show that the DRUGS, PLACE, PATH and FOOD source domains are used to conceptualise social media, and that metaphor is used to highlight both the positive impact of social media in providing social support and its negative impact on symptoms when used excessively.
Detecting emerging vocabulary in a large corpus of Italian tweets
Authors: Spina Stefania , Brasolin Paolo , Franzini Greta H.
Published: November 2024

This exploratory study investigates lexical change and innovation in contemporary Italian micro-blogging using a corpus of 5.32 million timestamped and geotagged tweets sampled from the 2022 Italian Twitter timeline. We develop a new method to identify 720 unattested forms (347 forms and 373 hashtags) as candidate neologisms. Our results show that orthographic variation, univerbation, suffixation, loanwords and portmanteaus are the most common categories of lexical creation in the data analysed, which appears to be driven by creativity, amusement and attention-seeking behaviour rather than a need for new words to define new objects, events or situations.
Nonbinary pronouns in X (Twitter) bios: Gender and identity in online spaces
Authors: Loureiro-Porto Lucía , Ariza-Fernández José Luis
Published: November 2024

This study explores the usage of nonbinary pronouns on X (formerly known as Twitter), focusing on THEY and neopronouns like ZE or XE within the nonbinary community. Building on the increasing practice of sharing pronouns, especially in online spaces, the research collects 1,980 X accounts using Followerwonk. Despite ideological differences across U.S. regions, no substantial variations in pronoun usage are observed. Notably, a preference for rolling pronouns (e.g., they/she) emerges, with fewer instances of monopronoun usage (e.g., they). When a single pronoun is chosen, it is often accompanied by the respective accusative form, while rolling pronoun users tend to omit the accusative. Users with binary pronouns often prioritize it as their first chosen pronoun. THEY remains the predominant nonbinary pronoun, with neopronouns being rare. The study highlights X profiles as valuable sources for understanding linguistic patterns related to social trends, particularly in the context of gender equality and network relations.
A dialectological approach to complement variability in global web-based English
Authors: P. Romasanta Raquel
Published: November 2024

Computer-Mediated Communication is part of the everyday lives of a great many people of all ages, cultures, social statuses, and geographical locations. In the present study, I explore non-categorical syntactic variability in internet language with data from the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE), which includes material from blogs, forums, comments, and other types of websites. The focus is on how the geographical area of internet users affects the use of the clausal complementation patterns available for the verb regret. The analysis of more than 10,000 examples from Indian, Sri Lankan, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Singaporean, Malaysian, Philippine, Hong Kong, British, and American Englishes shows that geographical origin does have a bearing on the complementation system of this verb, in terms of both the factors that determine variability and the preferences for particular patterns. The varieties displaying more similarities are those that are geographically close, making the distinction between three geographical areas possible: South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh), South-East Asia (with Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines) and East Asia (Hong Kong).
Avanzar a tientas. Memorias, violencias y producción de conocimiento
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Riaño Alcalá Celia del Pilar
Published: November 2024

Avanzar a tientas. Memorias, violencias y producción de conocimiento interroga el campo dinámico de la memoria, sus lenguajes, iniciativas, y disputas en el mas allá de las violencias masivas. En particular, examina el impacto que las fuerzas coloniales y capitalistas de desmembramiento de cuerpos, culturas y territorios tienen sobre la memoria y la capacidad de los actos de memoria de grupos subyugados o afectados por el despojo y la desaparición de recordar lo fragmentado y hacer presente lo ausente. Entendiendo que los intentos por controlar y desmembrar la memoria de los pueblos colonizados son a la vez proyectos de suprimir sus conocimientos y archivos, el libro examina los trabajos de la memoria y los modos que generan conocimiento desde tres ejes de interrogación: los lugares de las preguntas, los horizontes del quehacer y las movidas que informan el quehacer y el conocer. Tomando algunos escenarios complejos en los que las disputas por la memoria y los retos éticos y epistemológicos se manifiestan, el texto reflexiona sobre el conocimiento y los dilemas, luces y sombras que surgen en dichos escenarios difíciles. El texto ofrece una reflexión sobre "la memoria como metodología" considerando la pluralidad de sus formas expresivas, lenguajes y dimensiones de acción. Considera el panorama histórico y regional en el que la memoria irrumpe como campo de fuerza viva y cambiante y dialoga con los autores, movimientos e iniciativas que han ido conformando este campo particularmente en las últimas tres décadas. Adicionalmente el texto pone en diálogo la producción académica latinoamericana sobre las memorias con la que surge desde el feminismo transnacional, la colonialidad del poder, los estudios críticos de raza, la etnografía de las violencias y los estudios culturales. La forma como está escrito y organizado dialoga con las reflexiones que desde movimientos sociales, colectivos de buscadoras, e iniciativas de memoria se ha venido desarrollado en la búsqueda por la verdad y a las personas desaparecidas a la vez que ofrece una sistematización de conceptos, debates e ideas que surgen en sus trabajos y luchas por la memoria.
Between Discipline and Biopolitics: The Role of IOM and UNHCR in the Return of Crisis-Affected Populations
Authors: Ahouga Younes
Published: November 2024

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) return crisis-affected populations as part of their humanitarian interventions under the assumption that return represents a solution to the initial displacement. This assumption raises the question of how IOM and UNHCR problematize crisis-affected populations, that is, conceptualize them as a policy problem through policy documents reflecting implicit rationalities of government. Based on Foucault’s concepts of discipline and biopolitics and Bacchi’s approach to critical discourse analysis, this working paper examines the disciplinary and biopolitical rationalities of two policy documents. First, the IOM Migration Crisis Operational Framework (MCOF) draws on disciplinary rationality to outline a process of successive immobilization and mobilization of crisis-affected populations during which IOM monitors, cares for, transports, and immobilizes individuals in their countries of origin. Second, the UNHCR Policy Framework builds on a biopolitical rationality to elicit spontaneous returns of populations by reshaping the milieu of return through constructing infrastructure and restoring social services. However, each policy document combines both disciplinary and biopolitical rationalities. The MCOF strives to durably immobilize returnees by reshaping their milieu through infrastructure construction and resolution of land and property issues. The Policy Framework seeks to achieve durable returns by securing the milieu of return by restoring the nation-state’s disciplinary institutions. This complementarity between disciplinary and biopolitical rationalities indicates that IOM and UNHCR expanded their role in return governance to shape the economic, social, security and, ultimately, political conditions in the countries of return. 
English Language Competence, Communicative Competence, and Public Speaking Anxiety of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Mark Kevin Astrero  , Darius King Galo  , Saranay I. Doyaoen  , Aileen Melody De Vera  , Erickson Eugenio
Published: November 2024

This research sought to investigate the pre-service teachers' English language competence, communication competence, and public speaking anxiety. These competencies are vital skills in delivering adequate instructions. The study utilized a quantitative method through survey questionnaires. The result provides significant insights on the pre-service teachers as follows: some pre-service teachers are confident about their ability to communicate in English; however, many still suffer from speaking anxiety. The PSCAS revealed that anxiety happens in specific situations, such as when pre-service teachers are called to speak without preparation. Physiological effects like increased heart rate and sweaty palms are common symptoms of public speaking anxiety that affect their speaking presentation. Lastly, pre-service teachers fail to retain information learned and remain calm while delivering public speech despite the long academic exposure. However, this study faced limitations, including a relatively small sample size and only relying on self-reported data, which introduced bias. Despite this limitation, the researchers recommend structured intervention to enhance the pre-service teachers' English, communicative, and public speaking competence, particularly in light of the evolving educational trend.
Comparison of radiation collector systems in the degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern by heterogeneous photocatalysis with solar radiation
Authors: Granda Ramírez Fidel , Hincapié Mejía Gina , Barrera Melissa , Castrillón Sara , Rueda Lady , Pino Arango Juan
Published: November 2024

Wastewater contaminated with Emerging Concern Contaminants (CEC) can originate from various sources, including industry, agriculture, urban areas, and hospitals. Among the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) used for water treatment with CEC, Heterogeneous Photocatalysis (HP) with TiO2 has proven to be highly effective. In this research study, the degradation of Safranin T (SF), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and Sulfacetamide (SAM) was investigated using solar-HP in a quartz wall reactor.
Initially, the best operating conditions were determined using a lamp emitting at a wavelength of 365 nm. Subsequently, under these favorable conditions (high flow and aeration), solar light was employed to degrade SF, SAM, and 2,4-D, with four different radiation collector systems: Flat Plate Collector (FPC), V Collector (VC), Parabolic Collector (PC), and Compound Parabolic Cylinder Collector (CPC). The aim was to achieve an equal value of accumulated energy (122.77 kJ m-2) in the system for all configurations. The results showed that the Parabolic Collector (PC) exhibited the best performance in treating all three pollutants.
Finally, the researchers calculated the Collector Impact Ratio Factor (CIRF) for the pollutants, revealing a significant degradation rate of up to 12 times for SAM. These findings highlight the effectiveness of solar-HP, specifically with the Parabolic Collector (PC), in efficiently treating wastewater contaminated with Safranin T, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and Sulfacetamide.
Análisis de la sobresaturación de oxidante en una reacción fotocatalítica de mineralización de ácido dicloroacético asistida con radiación solar
Authors: Arce Sarria Augusto , Machuca Martínez Fiderman , Osorio Salazar Arnaldo , Vergara Carlos , Mueses Miguel
Published: November 2024

Se evaluó el efecto de la transferencia de masa de oxígeno del aire en la degradación de ácido dicloroacético, utilizando como catalizador dióxido de titanio P25 (TiO2-P25) en suspensión, evaluado a diferentes concentraciones iniciales de sobresaturación de oxígeno logradas mediante sistema de burbujeo, en un reactor Placa Plana a escala piloto, utilizando radiación solar natural como fuente de activación. Se estructuró un modelo matemático que describió el comportamiento tanto cinético como de la degradación-mineralización del contaminante, además de la inclusión de la transferencia de masa desde el aire a la reacción fotocatalítica usando correlaciones generalizadas adimensionales de Sherwood, Reynolds y Schmidt y se analizó su influencia en el desempeño global del proceso. El modelado del campo radiante del reactor siguió el enfoque SFM-HG para calcular la velocidad volumétrica de absorción de fotones. Se estructuró un algoritmo robusto para el cálculo de la cinética y la predicción del TOC del contaminante en solución. Se encontró que para este sistema el suministro estequiométrico para la reacción de oxidación avanzada no es suficiente y se presenta agotamiento, generando degradaciones lentas y de baja mineralización. La inclusión de burbujeadores de aire permitió la sobresaturación de oxígeno promoviendo el exceso de este componente e induciendo al aumento de la degradación del contaminante, alcanzando hasta 82% de mineralización con 16% de exceso, para la misma cantidad de radiación solar incidente acumulada. El modelo matemático propuesto junto con el algoritmo de solución resultó ser de alta efectividad y capacidad predictiva con errores por debajo del 2% en comparación a los datos experimentales disponibles.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО СТВОРЕННЯ УМОВ, РОЗРОБКИ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ ІНІЦІАТИВ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН
Authors: Сидоров О.A.
Published: November 2024

Стаття присвячена розробці методичного підходу до створення умов, розробки та реалізації стратегічних ініціатив впровадження інноваційно-інформаційних змін в національній економіці. Обґрунтовано, що дане питання набуває особливої актуальності в умовах активізації процесів, пов’язаних із переходом до постіндустріальної або інформаційної економіки. Встановлено, що методичний підхід до створення умов, розробки та реалізації стратегічних ініціатив має ґрунтуватись на основі стратегічного забезпечення інноваційно-інформаційних змін. Розглянуто складові стратегічного забезпечення інноваційно-інформаційних змін в національній економіці. Конкретизовано роль кожної складової стратегічного забезпечення у процесі створення умов, розробки та реалізації стратегічних ініціатив. Запропоновано визначати для кожної стратегічної ініціативи профільні складові забезпечення, що дозволить сконцентрувати увагу на конкретних завданнях та заходах, уникаючи розпорошення зусиль.
Production Costs Recognition: Time-Based Methodologies
Authors: Goad Steven , Fischer Mary
Published: November 2024

This analysis presents a review of time-based costing methodologies: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), Duration-Based Costing (DBC) and Program Accounting Costing (PAC). Cost accounting systems are crucial for businesses to allocate costs to make informed business decisions. TDABC, DBC and PAC are approaches in this domain, offering unique advantages and applications. The concepts, methodologies, advantages, and limitations of each approach are explored to provide insights into their suitability for different industries and organizational contexts. The analysis finds comparing Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing, Duration Based Costing and Program Accounting Costing are analogous methodologies with different applications relating to timing cost recognition and are like comparing triples wearing the same but different colored outfits.
Financial Statement Forecasting and Financing
Authors: Arnold Tom , Moon Kenneth P.
Published: November 2024

Using a “plug” figure or “slack term” within a pro forma analysis is the standard method to allow a forecasted balance sheet to have assets equal to liabilities and equity. Seemingly, different types of plug values are demonstrated to be mathematically linked to each other. Further, by exploring cash as a plug figure, a solution emerges for a “target revenue growth rate” in which cash is not depleted. If a private equity venture can generate revenue growth above the target revenue growth rate, cash will accumulate and improve the return on the private equity investment.
Análise do perfil de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde em pacientes pediátricos de um hospital brasileiro pós-pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Campos Thamires Neves de , Wesselovicz Rubens Miguel , Tonon Pedro Henrique Cury , Bail Larissa , Ito Carmen Antônia Sanches , Arcaro Guilherme , Montes Elisangela Gueiber
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde em pacientes pediátricos de um hospital universitário brasileiro após a pandemia de COVID-19, visando identificar padrões epidemiológicos e fornecer subsídios para aprimorar estratégias de prevenção e controle. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, com análise de dados de pacientes pediátricos internados entre janeiro de 2022 e dezembro de 2023. As informações foram obtidas de prontuários eletrônicos, incluindo dados sobre idade, gênero, comorbidades, tempo de internação e uso de dispositivos invasivos. A amostra foi composta por pacientes entre 0 a 12 anos, cujos dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e testes de significância. Resultados: foram analisados 69 pacientes, sendo que 57,1% eram do sexo masculino. Houveram 7 coinfectados, totalizando 76 casos. A faixa etária mais prevalente foi de menores de 1 ano (36,2%). Dispositivos invasivos tiveram como destaque o cateter periférico de inserção central (27,3%) e o tubo orotraqueal (27,3%). A mediana do tempo de internação foi de 24 dias. As infecções mais comuns foram infecções de sítio cirúrgico (40,7%), seguidas por infecções primárias de corrente sanguínea (14,47%) e pneumonias (13,16%). Os microrganismos mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (15%) e Enterococcus sp. (15%). Das culturas com positivas, 50% foram de gram-negativos e 37,5% apresentaram perfil de resistência. Conclusão: O estudo evidencia a importância de práticas contínuas de controle de infecção, destacando o impacto do uso de dispositivos invasivos e a prevalência de patógenos multirresistentes no ambiente pediátrico.
Percepção de sintomas de hipossalivação em pacientes que fazem uso de medicações crônicas
Authors: Santana Yan Victor Silva de , Maia Luciana Maria Silva de Seixas
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de sintomas de hipossalivação e suas consequências na cavidade oral em adultos e idosos que usam medicações crônicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, realizado com 15 adultos >20 anos de ambos os sexos, na Clínica de Estomatologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. O teste de sialometria por estimulação foi empregado para mensurar a produção salivar. Para avaliar a xerostomia foi utilizado o questionário Xerostomy Inventory. Os dados obtidos foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Resultados: A maioria da amostra foi composta de mulheres >41 anos. As medicações mais utilizadas foram antidepressivos e anti hipertensivos. Na sialometria por estimulação apenas 6,67% e apenas 1 pessoa apresentou uma produção salivar normal. Foi constatada hipossalivação leve em 6,67%, moderada em 26,67% e severa em 60%. Poucos entrevistados apresentaram percepção da diminuição da produção salivar. Conclusão: O uso de polifarmácia pode levar a hipossalivação que está ligado a distúrbios no sistema estomatognático. A xerostomia pode não ser identificada pelos pacientes precocemente, dificultando o tratamento adequado.
Análise da frequência da ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes de medicina de uma faculdade privada de Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Júlia Maria Peçanha , Lima Maria Vitória Branco Garcia de , Moraes Amanda de Carvalho Pereira
Published: November 2024

O álcool, sendo a substância psicoativa mais consumida no mundo, é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, com altos índices de alcoolismo. Este estudo avaliou o consumo de álcool entre 243 estudantes de medicina de uma faculdade privada em Minas Gerais, utilizando o AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Os participantes foram classificados em quatro zonas de risco com base na pontuação do teste. Os resultados mostraram que 40,7% dos estudantes consumiam álcool regularmente, enquanto 24,3% bebiam ocasionalmente. Mulheres apresentaram escores mais baixos no AUDIT em comparação aos homens, indicando menor consumo. A idade e o período acadêmico influenciaram os padrões de consumo, com estudantes mais velhos e em fases mais avançadas do curso consumindo menos álcool. Houve também uma correlação entre renda e consumo, com estudantes de maior renda apresentando maior risco de dependência. O uso de cigarro foi associado ao consumo nocivo de álcool, enquanto estudantes que preferiam vinho mostraram consumo mais moderado. O estudo concluiu que fatores como gênero, fase do curso, renda e tabagismo influenciam o consumo de álcool entre estudantes de Medicina.
Desafios diagnósticos da esporotricose em crianças: Um caso clínico em paciente menor de 2 anos
Authors: Oliveira Laura Jane Monteiro de , Bisol Andrea Helena Érnica , Souza Gessica Dorta , Buraqui Maria Clara Collodetto
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A esporotricose é uma doença fúngica, causada pelo Sporothrix schenckii, caracterizada como uma das principais infecções fúngicas cutâneas e o Brasil é um área endêmica da doença, afetando principalmente a faixa etária adulta, e raramente crianças. A transmissão da doença se dá por meio do contato com resíduos contaminados inoculados em uma pele ou mucosa lesada. O diagnóstico é clínico e pode ser complementado por exames. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico pediátrico de esporotricose em paciente menor de 2 anos de idade no Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian (HUMAP). Metodologia: É um relato de caso tipo observacional, descritivo e analítico, baseada na coleta de dados através de prontuários físicos e eletrônico por meio do sistema próprio do HUMAP, sendo todas obtidas após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas. Resultados: Paciente feminino, 1 ano e 5 meses, há 15 dias com lesão única papular em membro superior esquerdo que evoluiu para úlcera com progressão de tamanho, fundo límpido e bordas elevadas. Inicialmente recebeu diagnóstico de Leishmaniose tegumentar, iniciado Glucantime, com melhora parcial. Durante internação identificado crescimento de Sporothrix, sendo modificada terapêutica para Anfotericina B Lipossomal. Paciente evoluiu com melhora clínica importante da lesão. Conclusão: As lesões uclerosas possuem múltiplos diagnósticos, e o aumento de doenças infecto-parasitárias tem apontado falhas nas ações preventivas e destacado a importância da educação permanente dos profissionais da saúde e população visando quebrar cadeias de transmissão.
A importância da comunicação na assistência ao parto: Contribuições para uma percepção positiva da experiência vivenciada pela parturiente
Authors: Valente Ana Luiza Rocha , Melo Ana Lara Araújo Silva , D'Avila Adelaide Maria Ferreira Campos
Published: November 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma revisão sobre a importância da comunicação humanizada entre profissionais de saúde e parturientes como elemento fundamental para a melhoria da experiência de parto e prevenção da violência obstétrica. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, foram analisados estudos sobre práticas de comunicação no contexto do parto. Os resultados apontam que uma comunicação clara e empática reduz significativamente os níveis de estresse e ansiedade das gestantes, além de promover maior satisfação com o atendimento. Concluindo que a adoção de estratégias de diálogo contínuo e a implementação de planos de parto são importantes para assegurar uma assistência mais respeitosa e centrada na mulher, contribuindo na diminuição das práticas de violência obstétrica.
O aumento do uso de psicofármacos durante a pandemia no Brasil: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Lima Makelly Bezerra de , Silva Claudinei Mesquita da
Published: November 2024

Este estudo visa analisar o aumento do uso de psicofármacos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, destacando sua relação com o impacto na saúde mental da população entre março de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com buscas em artigos científicos nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS, PubMed e Google Scholar, focando em evidências sobre o aumento do uso de medicamentos para tratar transtornos psíquicos durante a pandemia. Critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram aplicados para selecionar trabalhos com estreita relação ao tema. A análise dos dados revelou um aumento significativo no consumo de psicofármacos, com um crescimento de até 113% na procura por medicamentos para ansiedade, depressão e insônia. Esse aumento está associado a fatores como estresse, desemprego e perdas emocionais decorrentes do isolamento social. O aumento do uso de psicofármacos durante a pandemia reflete uma preocupante intensificação dos problemas de saúde mental na população brasileira. Este cenário ressalta a necessidade urgente de conscientização sobre a prescrição adequada e os riscos da automedicação, que se tornaram comuns em tempos de crise. A situação demanda atenção dos profissionais de saúde e das autoridades para abordar adequadamente os desafios de saúde mental emergentes.
Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with Multiple Myeloma treated in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lima Enzo Castro , Kayser Mariana Taina , Souza Mateus Silva , Fontana Izabelle Cavanus , Santos Luiz Eduardo Santi dos , Almeida Denise Ramos de
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm related to the bone marrow. It affects several sites, producing varied and non-specific symptoms that make diagnosis difficult. Most patients are over 60 years old and consequently have comorbidities. Treatment protocols are evolving, but the drugs used still have toxic potential, causing significant adverse effects. The objective was to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients diagnosed with MM and the main adverse effects observed after starting treatment. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was carried out with patients with MM treated at a Passo Fundo hospital (RS). Interviews were conducted using a questionnaire and electronic medical records were analyzed. Results: there was a predominance of males, with a median age of 60.4 years and white color. Systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were the predominant comorbidities. The effects of the chemotherapy drugs can compromise quality of life and lead to poor patient compliance, so it is important to know the profile and individualize each therapy. The most used treatment protocol was Bortezomib+Cyclophosphamide+Dexamethasone (VCD). The most common side effects were loss of appetite, weight loss, headache, and neuropathy. Conclusion: This is an increasingly prevalent disease due to the aging population. Knowing more about patients' profiles can facilitate diagnosis, speed up neoplastic control, and allow for better allocation of public health resources.
A critical evaluation on additional treatment in children with refractory incontinence.
Authors:   , van Geen Frank-Jan
Published: November 2024

Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is a common condition affecting 21.7% of school-aged children. Regardless of the subtype, standard urotherapy is considered the initial treatment for all children with functional DUI. This non-pharmacological and non-chirurgical treatment option aims to improve bladder control by i.e. demystification of the underlying dysfunction and providing instruction on voiding and bowel habits in order to encourage behavioural change.

However, in 44% of children standard urotherapy does not result in continence and persistent DUI can affect self-esteem, social relationships and lead to isolation. Given its major impact on quality of life, treatment-resistant DUI is therefore a major societal challenge that requires attention. In order to improve continence care for children, the objective of this thesis was to critically evaluate the effect of additional (invasive) treatment options in children with treatment-resistant DUI.

We conclude after extensive research that specific urotherapy in the form of in-patient training has additional value in the treatment of DUI, regardless of the cause. It not only helps to achieve continence in childhood, but also helps with acceptance in the case of persistent symptoms. Given that the long-term outcomes are less stable and treatment is costly due to hospitalizations and staffing, we also believe that the focus should be on improving quality of life rather than achieving complete continence at all costs.
Essays of Chokan Valikhanov as a Reflection of the History of Central Asia in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Abdykerimov M.
Published: November 2024

Provides a comprehensive examination of the personal documents of Chokan Valikhanov, reflecting the rich history of Central Asia during the second half of the 19th century. Valikhanov, a prominent Kazakh scholar and explorer, significantly contributed to the understanding of this region through his extensive research and numerous expeditions. The article delves into Valikhanov's biography, highlighting the milestones of his academic journey and the critical impact of his work. Special emphasis is placed on the value of his personal documents in unveiling the ethnographic, geographic, and socio-historical nuances of Central Asia. These documents offer unique insights into the cultural and historical context of the time, providing a deeper understanding of the region’s development. The analysis underscores the scholarly importance of Valikhanov’s findings and their enduring relevance in contemporary studies of Central Asia. Furthermore, the article discusses the methodological approaches used by Valikhanov in his work, noting their innovation and relevance. In conclusion, the significance of Valikhanov's contributions to the historical narrative of Central Asia is affirmed, alongside the potential avenues for future research that his legacy opens up. The enduring value of his personal documents continues to influence modern scholarship, inviting renewed interest and further exploration in the field.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine profilings in circulating cell-free DNA as diagnostic biomarkers for DLBCL
Authors: Chen Hangyu , Duolikun Maimaitiyasen , Zhu Hai-Chuan
Published: November 2024

Background

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an important DNA epigenetic modification that plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. Previous studies have shown that it plays an important role in the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and in the prediction of the efficacy of R-CHOP therapy. However, its potential for diagnosing DLBCL has not been reported. Here, we investigated the utility of 5hmC in plasma cfDNA in the diagnosis of DLBCL.

Methods

Applying 5hmC-Seal technique, we obtained genome-wide 5hmC profiles in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 176 Chinese subjects, included 86 DLBCL patients and 90 healthy controls. To investigate whether 5hmC can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for DLBCL, we separated patients and healthy controls into training (DLBCL = 56, Healthy = 60) and validation (DLBCL = 30, Healthy = 30) cohorts and developed a 5hmC-based logistic regression model from the training cohort to diagnose the DLBCL patients in the validation cohort.

Results

In this study, we found 10 5hmC biomarkers, and the models created by these differentially regulated 5hmC modified genes showed high accuracy in distinguishing DLBCL patients from healthy controls (validation cohort: AUC = 0.94; (95% CI 88.8%–99.4%)).

Conclusion

Our study suggested that 5hmC markers derived from plasma cfDNA can served as effective epigenetic biomarkers for minimally invasive diagnosis of DLBCL.
Novel sparging strategies to enhance dissolved carbon dioxide stripping in industrial scale stirred tank reactors
Authors: Nickel Nicolas , Fitschen Jürgen , Haase Ingrid , Kuschel Maike , Schulz Torsten W. , Wucherpfennig Thomas , Schlüter Michael
Published: November 2024

Aerated stirred tank reactors are widely used in bio-process engineering and pharmaceutical industries. To supply the organisms with oxygen and control the pH value, oxygen is transferred from air bubbles into the liquid phase, and, at the same time, carbon dioxide is stripped from the liquid phase with the same gas bubbles. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients for oxygen and carbon dioxide are, therefore, of crucial importance for the design and scale-up of aerated stirred tank reactors. In this experimental work, the volumetric mass transfer coefficients for oxygen and carbon dioxide are investigated simultaneously to study their mutual influence. The mass transfer performance for oxygen and carbon dioxide is conducted in stirred tank reactors on the 3 L laboratory scale, 30 L pilot scale, and 15,000 L production scale. First, the influence of dissolved carbon dioxide on the oxygen mass transfer performance is investigated in a 30 L pilot scale stirred tank reactor. The results show that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen is not affected by the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide, but the total mass flux of oxygen decreases with increasing carbon dioxide concentration due to the decreasing partial pressure difference. With rising gassing rate and volumetric power input, both mass transfer coefficients for oxygen and carbon dioxide show the same increasing trend. Although this trend can also be observed when scaling down to the 3 L laboratory scale reactor, a significantly different effect must be considered for the scale-up to the 15,000 L industrial scale reactor. The limited absorption capacity for carbon dioxide of the gas bubbles during the long residence time in the industrial scale reactor is noticeable here, which is why the specific interfacial area is of negligible importance. This effect is used to develop a method for independent control of oxygen and carbon dioxide mass transfer performance on an industrial scale and to increase the mass transfer performance for carbon dioxide by up to 25%.