bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The degree of food processing of the diet of Nutrition students is not associated with their quality of sleep
Authors: Leal Antonio Lucas Fernades , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Carioca Antonio Augusto Ferreira , Barros Anael Queirós Silva , Araújo Noênia Alves de , Ferreira Francisco Valdicelio
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate sleep quality and its possible relationship with the diet of undergraduate students in Nutrition, considering the degree of food processing. Methodology: Observational cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 88 students regularly enrolled in the undergraduate course in nutrition in institutions located in the city of Fortaleza-CE. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected, this through a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric evaluation was also performed and sleep quality was investigated, this through the Pittsburgh Quality Index and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Results: Approximately 55.68% of the students evaluated were found in eutrophy, and dietary energy was mainly due to fresh foods and minimally processed foods (63.99%). As for sleep, only 2.27% of the participants had a good quality, and the average social Jet Lag among them was 1:31h. There was no association between the degree of food processing of the diet and the sleep-related variables of the university students evaluated. Conclusion: Nutrition students exhibit a high proportion of overweight, high consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods and low sleep quality. There is no association between dietary and sleep variables in the group evaluated.
Historical-critical pedagogy and its possibilities for the teaching of literature
Authors: Posenti Ana Paula , Souza Neto José de , Benites Victória R. Dall’Apria
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to present the contributions of Historical-Critical Pedagogy and Cultural Historical Psychology in the process of teaching and learning for children in early childhood education. A work like this is justified by the conception that the Historical-Critical Pedagogy has about the teaching and learning process, that is, that seeks to expand the possibilities of the learner, about the use of what is richest and most important in the sciences and arts. In this case, what we will treat is the literature focusing on the development and appropriation of values. To this end, this work used the bibliography as the basic source of the research, especially the texts in which it deals with the methodology in the classroom, the Cultural Historical psychology and the children's literature anchored to the Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Using as authors: Demerval Saviani, Vygotsky, Gasparin and others, who were of paramount importance for the theoretical foundation of the work. The result achieved with this research was the understanding of the main concepts in relation to the importance of teaching literature and how it can assist in child development, as well as the appropriation of concepts and the learning of infants, based on the principles of Saviani's theory. We understand the importance of a teaching that allows, through knowledge, the emancipation of the student and social transformation. Given that the Dialectical Methodology of Knowledge Construction is the way for this emancipation to occur, from primordial concepts for development, adding Vygosky's vision of such development, which is acquired through relations with the environment and with the social. In addition, we understand that the role of children's literature is essential for the intellectual and critical maturation of the infant. Through readings guided by the mediator, it is possible for the reader to experience the process of catharsis, that is, to have their own findings, internalize the reading content and appropriate it, thus creating a new worldview.
Occupational health in the Colombian oil sector: an approach from the context of the working class
Authors: Ortega Enrique Rodríguez , Rivadeneira Tomas Estrada , Ruiz Diego Lindao , Miranda Pedro Mendoza , Sierra Carlos Severiche
Published: September 2023

Occupational health is the integral well-being of the person within their work environment. Occupational diseases are a costly phenomenon that causes a great impact not only in the company but also in the family and social environment. A review was made of the most recent research on the importance of Occupational Health in the Colombian Oil Sector: An Approach from the Context of the Working Class. The main objective of this review article is to qualitatively analyze the scientific literature (available in the databases, Scielo, Redalyc and official Web pages, using as search words: working class, oil industry, occupational health, industrial safety. Pertinent information related to the proposed objective was obtained, which is presented in 3 sections: The Oil Sector in Colombia, The Working Class: Occupational Health Context Workers' Health: Union Movement in The Oil Sector. In order to guarantee adequate control of diseases to which workers may be exposed. It is necessary to know the environmental conditions, physical, chemical, and biological contaminants, as well as ergonomic, psychosocial, and medical conditions, among others, of each worker in general and in particular. These same conditions are partly those that determine the life and health of the workers, that among other variables there is very little information for the workers of such conditions and above all the perception that the workers should have of their health derived from their environment labor.
Training of the pedagogical technical skills defined in the PPC of the first-degree courses of PARFOR: Formative experiences at UFMA
Authors: Dias Ilzeni Silva , Rocha Helianane Oliveira , Marinho Raimunda Ramos
Published: September 2023

This article brings initial reflections resulting from the research Formative Needs and Formation of Competencies in the First-Degree Courses of PARFOR/UFMA: challenges for the development of innovative pedagogical practices in public schools of Maranhão. In this study, scientific and technological innovations were taken as the axis of analysis, especially for the significant role that science and technology have had in increasing the production of material goods, in addition to the great contributions over the centuries to the development of the productive forces. In fact, this study aims to analyze the training needs and training of competencies in the first-degree courses of PARFOR / UFMA, seeking to contribute to the development of innovative pedagogical practices in public schools, as well as to the quality of basic education in the state of Maranhão. It is concluded that it is the changes in the production of material goods, in each historical moment and in each geographical space, that define and impose the new formative needs, demanding, consequently, new professional profiles.
Financial Report Data Processing System Input Vat And Output Vat
Authors: Waruwu Julianus , Ibrahim Rohmat Nur
Published: September 2023

Applying the right value-added tax calculation system can satisfy workers and agencies. Calculating input and output value-added tax often experiences problems in its calculation, which is still semi-EDP. The financial data processing system of input VAT and output VAT at Ahass Honda Andrew Motor is web-based with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and literature studies. It is designed with the OOAD system development method, namely the process of analyzing, designing, and implementing the system based on the object. The design of this system can make it easier for companies to input and calculate value-added tax input and output, facilitate the calculation process because it is done automatically, and facilitate the process of printing the final report to be more effective and efficient.
2 x 6 appliance a versatile option for treatment of malocclusion in early permanent dentition
Authors: Anjali  , N S Savitha , Sampath Rashmi
Published: September 2023

Children in growing age develop dental malocclusion due to transition and exchange of dentition, oral habits or discrepancy in tooth size and arch size. If timely treatment is not performed it may progress to full fledged malocclusion that may require much time-consuming treatment and also correlation of trauma prone profile like class II div I or class II div II can even be beneficial in prevention of trauma. Early correction also reduces the psychological trauma associated with malocclusion. 
This Versatile 2x6 fixed appliance appliance offers many advantages over alternative techniques as it provides complete control of anterior tooth position, is extremely well tolerated, ease the space closure by precise tooth movement with shorter duration of correction, reduces the patient compliance, and less laboratory work makes it a acceptable treatment option in growing child. In the case report mentioned here a successful management of correction of class I malocclusion with maxillary anterior proclination was done during early permanent dentition using 2 x 6 appliance.
Challenges and Prospect of Women Business Start Up in North Western Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir Abubakar , Ahmed Gwadabe Habiba
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to explore the personality and environmental challenges and prospects faced by women in business start-ups in North Western Nigeria. A total of 273 female entrepreneurs were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that lack of access to funding sources, legal and regulatory barriers, societal and cultural biases, lack of access to relevant information and technology and limited access to professional networks and mentors were the major environmental challenges faced by women in business start-ups. The study further revealed that women possess the confidence to take risks and pursue opportunities, handle stress and uncertainty, possess the ability to adapt to changing circumstances, communicate and negotiate with stakeholders, and possess the persistence and resilience necessary to overcome challenges in their business start-ups. The study recommends that the government, private organizations, and other stakeholders should work together to address the environmental challenges faced by women in business start-ups in North Western Nigeria by providing access to funding sources, mentorship, networking opportunities, and creating an enabling business environment.
Personalized Medicine in Hematology-Oncology for International Patients
Authors: Simhachalam Gurugubelli  , Sai Giridhar Gundepalli
Published: September 2023

Personalized medicine is an approach that uses advanced technologies to tailor treatment to the patient's particular tumor, based on molecular testing of the tumor's genetic profile.
Síntesis cultural y cronología prehispánica en la cuenca sur del lago Titicaca
Authors: Pérez Arias Adolfo Enrique
Published: September 2023

La cuenca sur del lago Titicaca fue una región de gran importancia cultural durante la era prehispánica. Las diversas sociedades que habitaron la zona contribuyeron al rico tapiz de la historia andina, dejando un legado duradero de características culturales y sociales que aún resuenan en la región en la actualidad. Este artículo presenta una síntesis de los principales procesos culturales y cronológicos que se desarrollaron en la región. Se revisan evidencias arqueológicas, que permiten reconstruir las dinámicas de ocupación, interacción e integración de las poblaciones que habitaron esta parte de la cuenca. Se presenta una periodización basada en criterios culturales, ambientales y políticos, que abarca desde el período Formativo hasta la conquista europea. Se destaca la importancia de la cuenca sur del lago Titicaca como un espacio de encuentro y conflicto entre diferentes tradiciones culturales, así como un escenario de transformaciones sociales, económicas y religiosas a lo largo del tiempo.
Análisis de confiabilidad del test de iniciativa de crecimiento personal – II
Authors: García Ramos Diana Carolina , Ayala Ayo Jonathan Fernando , Valencia Cepeda María Cristina , Cueva Rubio María Augusta
Published: September 2023

La iniciativa de crecimiento personal es un concepto que proviene del bienestar psicológico y hace referencia a las habilidades que tiene el ser humano para buscar el desarrollo de sus potencialidades, incluye componentes cognitivos y conductuales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la confiabilidad del Test de Iniciativa de Crecimiento Personal-II en su traducción de la versión original al español. La muestra estuvo conformada por 346 adultos ecuatorianos, estudiantes de una universidad pública, de los cuales el 32.37% fueron hombres y el 67.63% mujeres; un 60.69% con edades de 18 a 20 años, de 21 a 30 años un 35.26%, de 24 a 26 años un 3.18% y de 30 o más un 0.87%. En los análisis de confiabilidad del test se obtuvo un valor de 0.94 y 0.95 en el alfa de Cronbach y coeficiente Omega respectivamente. En lo que corresponde al análisis por sexo se determinó que no hay diferencia entre hombres y mujeres en ninguna de las dimensiones, mientras que en cuanto al grupo etario los hallazgos señalaron que la población de 30 o más años presenta mayores niveles de planificación.
Aplicación de las ecuaciones emancipatorias aymaras en tiempos de crisis y de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente , Apaza Ticona Jorge , Cutipa Añamuro Guillermo , Ticona  Alanoca Cesario , Alanoca Laura Susan Liz , Pilco Mallea Rolando , Mamani Mamani Alan Ever
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo se ha realizado en el contexto de las comunidades rurales aymaras (PunoPerú). El objetivo es describir, interpretar y analizar las diferentes manifestaciones y percepciones (expresiones) culturales de la población aymara en relación a la Covid-19. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativo, se centra en la etnografía, como la interpretación de los datos. En los resultados se evidencian, en primer lugar el concepto colectivo vigente sobre la muerte en las provincias aymaras que vienen a activarse como estrategia para enfrentar y afrontar la crisis sanitaria; en segunda instancia la aplicación de los siete elementos de la ecuación emancipatoria, que se viene recreando desde la cotidianidad; y en tercer lugar se sistematiza los retos y desafíos que divisan los pobladores de las comunidades, ello permite comprender,  asumir y enfrentar de manera colectiva desde los diferentes dimensiones y campos del conocimiento esta situación adversa y compleja desde este contexto.
Importancia socio-cultural de la festividad, vestimenta e instrumentos de la danza carnaval de Patambuco – Sandia.
Authors: Merma Surco Lucho Alberto , Yanapa Andrade Jose Luis
Published: September 2023

La presente investigación se realizó en el distrito de Patambuco, provincia de Sandia del departamento de Puno, ubicado al norte del lago Titicaca, integra el ecosistema del altiplano peruano. Muchas festividades están perdiendo su significado y lo que representa para sus comunidades, así mismo la danza carnaval de Patambuco está en un proceso de trasformación de su originalidad en la vestimenta e instrumentos utilizados para la ejecución de las mismas. Por esta razón el objetivo de investigación es identificar la importancia socio – cultural de la festividad, vestimenta e instrumentos de la danza carnaval de Patambuco. El enfoque utilizado fue el cualitativo, describe las características de la festividad como, historia, coreografía, vestimenta e instrumentos musicales, mediante entrevistas, observación participante e historias de vida. Enmarcados en el método etnológico con énfasis en los métodos descriptivo e interpretativo. En resultados logramos identificar el proceso de la festividad y los actores sociales quienes son encargados de llevarla a cabo los diferentes rituales como el t’ika pallay, llayt'u, malliy, ch’allasca de sus linderos, caminos, puentes y apus. Respecto a la vestimenta se logró documentar los instrumentos y el significado de lo plasmado en cada una de las prendas. Asimismo, logramos describir los materiales de fabricación de los instrumentos musicales. A manera de conclusión podemos indicar que la festividad, la vestimenta e instrumentos que se usan durante la fiesta de los carnavales, adquieren mucha importancia dentro de las costumbres y percepción de los pobladores de Patambuco.
Enhancing Remote Sensing for Agriculture Using Small Unmanned Aerial Systems: San Diego, CA, as a Test Case
Authors:   , Kubera Colin
Published: September 2023

The development of small Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas and microprocessors has propelled the advancement of affordable Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUASs), which will dramatically expand the remote sensing field, making timely, high-resolution imagery readily available. The low cost and simple operation of SUASs makes them an attractive option for agriculture. Flying a SUAS 400 ft above ground level (AGL) in a flight path that allows for significant image overlap can yield sub- 5cm resolution imagery, which in turn can be mosaicked and used for multispectral imagery analysis. With results rivaling the most advanced commercial imaging sensors, SUASs can be used to identify stressed vegetation and aid in decision making that ultimately leads to more efficient farming practices and consistent yields. Furthermore, minimal operating costs promote reduced revisit times and enable persistent collection to monitor changes over time.
Baseline Study of the Relationship Between Green Space and Age
Authors:   , Schulze Chris
Published: September 2023

Current research on angreen spaced human health is spread among many academic disciplines and is growing. To aid researchers and local governments in understanding the relationship between the two, this study presents a baseline analysis of the spatial relationship between green space and age. It considers how a city’s population is distributed around green space and looks at spatial and statistical patterns related to age and location. This study identifies a gap in current research and looks at green space and age in a geographic manner. The findings of this literature review and analysis provide researchers with another way to visualize and analyze the benefits of green space to human health.
cuidado em saúde e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos das mulheres privadas de liberdade no Brasil
Authors: Ramos Maria Eduarda Kegler , Dalbosco Ana Katharina , Begnini Marciele , Santos Letícia Lirio dos , Almeida Maria Eduarda de , Orlandi Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Introdução: O sistema carcerário feminino conta com mais de 700 mil mulheres, representando a 3ª maior taxa de detentas do mundo. Nesse sentido, tendo em vista a prevalência e a vulnerabilidade que elas representam, os cuidados em saúde, garantidos pela constituição a essa população, devem ser relevados por meio de estudos, a fim de transformar essa realidade. Objetivos: buscar a compreensão de como ocorrem os cuidados em saúde da população carcerária feminina, englobando a estrutura física, social e profissional. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa, incluindo estudos que retratam aspectos da saúde do sistema prisional feminino brasileiro. Resultados: foram encontrados 7 estudos, dos anos de 2016 a 2020, que demonstram diversos aspectos da precariedade do cuidado em saúde da população carcerária feminina, envolvendo questões como a falta de recursos humanos, materiais e organizacionais, além do foco em queixas agudas, sem abordar a promoção e prevenção em saúde. Conclusões: a precariedade do atendimento em saúde das mulheres encarceradas acarreta falta de cuidado integral da saúde, de modo que mais estudos na área são necessários, a fim de analisar profundamente os problemas envolvidos para transformar esse contexto.
Feeding the Ancestors?
Authors: Arbuckle Benjamin S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents a summary of the long-term process of animal domestication in Southwest Asia from big game hunting in the Epipaleolithic to predomestic management in the earliest Neolithic to a Pastoral Revolution in the later Neolithic. Rather than focusing on factors such as resource depression as the cause of the shift from hunting to herding, this chapter instead explores the role of feasting and ritual economy in stimulating the initiation of animal management within early Neolithic communities.
The Effects of Foodways Practices on Nutritional Availability
Authors: Dent Sophia C. , Hutchinson Dale L. , Bruce Marissa W.
Published: September 2023

An understanding of past foodways practices is useful context for understanding the prevalence and origin of nutritional deficiencies in past populations. This chapter provides an overview of how food procurement, preparation of meals and ingredients, and food combinations all affect the nutrient composition and bioavailability of foods. The authors then apply the information of how foodways practices affect nutrition to better understand why past people from Piedmont North Carolina (AD 800–1720) experienced nutritional deficiency. They integrate ethnohistoric, archaeobotanical, and zooarchaeological evidence of indigenous foodways from Piedmont North Carolina and identify that food processing and seasonal resource fluctuations may have affected the availability of nutrients that can contribute to skeletal lesions.
The Role of Theory and Ethnographic Analogies in Understanding Paleoindian Obsidian Acquisition, Mobility, and Mating Strategies in the Great Basin
Authors: ZEANAH DAVID W. , CODDING BRIAN F. , BIRD DOUGLAS W. , BIRD REBECCA BLIEGE , MCGUIRE CHLOE , JONES GEORGE T. , ELSTON ROBERT G.
Published: September 2023

Interpreting Pleistocene foragers by analogy with ethnographic hunter-gatherers can be tricky because the former lived in climatic circumstances and at population densities unlike the latter. Our challenge is to use theoretically informed predictions, validated by ethnographic observations, to recognize past behavior that may fall outside the range of ethnographically documented variability. This is no novel insight, but analogies fail if they serve only to explain away the past variation they were intended to clarify. We refer to western Australian hunter-gatherers as an analogy to pose an explanation of Paleoindian obsidian acquisition and conveyance in the Great Basin but are mindful that good analogies serve to build understandings of prehistoric behavior that are grounded in theory and serve to clarify critical similarities and differences between prehistoric and ethnographic cases.
Domestic Crop Production among the Ju/’hoansi San of Nyae Nyae, Namibia
Authors: HITCHCOCK ROBERT K.
Published: September 2023

This chapter assesses the transition from hunting and gathering to food production, drawing on data from the Ju/’hoansi San of southern Africa. After considering some of the explanations that have been provided for the origins of agriculture, the transformations that occurred in the foraging populations residing in the northern Kalahari region of Namibia and Botswana are described. Drawing on ethnoarchaeological and ethnographic data collected over forty-four years of fieldwork, the domestic crop production strategies of the Ju/’hoansi San are described and analyzed. Constraints on agricultural production are identified, including drought, pests, plant diseases, nutrient deficiencies in the soil, and lack of sufficient labor. Ju/’hoansi attempt to get around these constraints using time-tested and creative methods such as planting specific kinds of crops near each other to deal with pests and fertilizing the soil with cattle dung. Recent problems that the Ju/’hoansi have faced include the drawing off of garden labor as a result of decisions to collect Devil’s Claw as a means of earning income and the presence of sizable numbers of cattle that raid the gardens and fields, some of them having been brought into the Nyae Nyae area by Herero pastoralists in 2014.
Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees
Authors: Rowley K. Michael , Welsh Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the role of ethics in empirical research in dance. Ethical behavior ensures compliance with national and international ethical guidelines for research and improves the quality of research by building trust among multiple stakeholders. Core principles which govern the relationship between researchers and research participants, including Respect, Beneficence, and Justice, are discussed. Principles for the responsible conduct of research are taken from sports medicine ethics and applied to dance research ethics. This chapter also details the role of the local Ethics Review Board, sometimes referred to as an Ethics Committee, an Institutional Review Board, or a Human Subjects Review Board, in helping researchers behave ethically toward their study participants. Recommendations for how to treat the Ethics Review Board as a collaborator in research are shared.
Between-Group Experiments
Authors: Wyon Matthew , Kolokythas Nico
Published: September 2023

The chapter describes between-group comparisons and reviews how different between-group experimental designs (cross-sectional design or longitudinal design) require specific statistical tests and how planning prior to data collection will determine the appropriate tests. The chapter discusses how between-group comparisons are reductionist in nature in that often only one variable is focused on at a time and other variables are controlled so the observed changes are more than likely due to how researchers manipulate the dependent variable. This chapter uses a step-by-step approach from study design, determining the independent and dependent variables, and participant numbers that determine the most appropriate test. The chapter also challenges the preconception that some tests are "more powerful" than others (parametric tests versus non-parametric tests) and introduces the concept of equivalence testing when traditional statistical tests cannot determine a difference.
Epidemiology Research in Dance
Authors: Van Rijn Rogier M. , Kenny Sarah J. , Stubbe Janine H.
Published: September 2023

This chapter on research in dance epidemiology describes how to study the overall impact of health problems (i.e., injury and/or illness) that are specific to dancer populations. The focus of this chapter is to provide descriptions of the multiple approaches that researchers can take to describe rigorously the patterns of health problems impacting dancers and comprehensively understand the reasons for these health problems. The chapter also reviews traditional sport injury prevention models in the context of dance, provides key definitions used in dance epidemiology, explains different ways of tracking health problems, and illustrates examples of typical biostatistical analysis in dance science settings.
Building a Researcher’s Repertoire
Authors: Rowley K. Michael
Published: September 2023

This chapter offers suggestions on how to expand the fundamental research knowledge built through reading Research Methods in the Dance Sciences. Rather than offer only one perspective from a single author, experienced research mentors in the dance sciences were interviewed to provide an array of perspectives on how to develop and apply research skills. Topics include finding a research community, building and expanding a conceptual foundation, developing a research repertoire, finding and working with a mentor, engaging in independent research, collaboration, and balancing research with other professional responsibilities. Incorporating ideas from your own life experiences will help to build a personalized research-skill-development strategy tailored to personal learning strategies, work habits, passions, and skills.
Application of the Ideal Free Distribution Model to Pacific Island Settlement Patterns
Authors: Morrison Alex E. , DiNapoli Robert J. , Allen Melinda S. , Rieth Timothy M.
Published: September 2023

The Samoan Islands are a key archipelago for understanding the broader settlement chronology of the Remote Oceanic region. Using an integrated set of spatial and Bayesian models, this chapter evaluates the utility of the ideal-free distribution framework for understanding habitat use and settlement pattern on the high Pacific Island of Tutuila, American Samoa. The results not only demonstrate the utility of simple human behavioral ecology models for explaining the archaeological record, but also point out how the process of model development and refinement can result in the generation of new and unexpected hypotheses.
How Old Is Your Patient?
Authors: Yazıcı Suzan , Yaylagül Nilüfer Korkmaz
Published: September 2023

Age can be a crucial factor in the evaluation of a patient’s medical examination findings, diagnosis, and treatment planning. The age of the patient is taken into consideration especially in preventive medical practices such as influenza vaccinations, mammography, and colonoscopy. In order to qualify for those procedures and to be exempt from some other screenings, one has to be in a certain age range. As birth records were not kept accurately in Turkey, today’s Turkish geriatric population may not have “true” birth records. This chapter discusses the social and cultural causes of inaccurate birth registrations and the long-term medical effects of these records among Turkish older adults in Denmark and in Turkey. Inaccuracies were due to women wishing to marry at an earlier age and men wishing to join the military at a later age. Such confusion about the age of patients can lead to potentially serious medical problems.
The Importance of Traditional Foods and Subsistence Activities for Healthy Aging in Alaska Native Communities
Authors: Howell Britteny M. , Fried Ruby L. , Hiratsuka Vanessa Y.
Published: September 2023

In many Indigenous Alaskan communities, important components of healthy aging include access to traditional foods and engagement in subsistence activities. Although many Alaska Native people currently reside in cities, the importance of subsistence activity and foods remains crucial and meaningful for healthy aging in both rural and urban locations. This chapter reviews 20 years of research on the role of traditional foods and activities for healthy aging among Alaska Native Elders. Studies demonstrate that engagement in traditional activities and diet promotes greater cardiovascular health, higher intakes of certain vitamins and nutrients, and increases in physical activity. Also highlighted are adaptive strategies older adults employ to obtain these important foods, such as urban harvesting and food-sharing networks. This body of research shows that traditional foods and harvesting activities are culturally meaningful, serve as protective factors against chronic disease, and are vulnerable to rapid social and climate change occurring across the Arctic.
Caring for Karma
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: September 2023

In Tibet, what constitutes a “good” old age, or the Tibetan way of “successful aging,” highlights interdependence between generations and religious devotion. Based on 18 months of ethnographic research on aging in rural Central Tibet, this chapter explores how religious practices that focus on preparing for death and improving one’s karmic outcome in the next life constitute a form of self-care—what I call “caring for karma.” These activities are essential for the elders’ mental well-being by promoting intergenerational harmony and providing them with a non-kin social network. Furthermore, mental health and devotional practices like circumambulation, a ubiquitous way of earning merits, also promote physical health. Thus, caring for karma suggests a new way of envisioning “successful aging” that encompasses decline, interdependence and transience, and demonstrates the significance of making “readiness for death” an integral part of successful aging.
Recruiting Participants for Dementia Research without Saying “Dementia”
Authors: Griffith Eric E.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the difficulties with recruiting families experiencing dementia to participate in Alzheimer’s disease research. Drawing on eighteen months of biocultural anthropology fieldwork in central Mexico, this study generates a framework for enrolling participants in communities where traditional recruitment research methods are unlikely to succeed due to a strong stigma around dementia in this region. To overcome this barrier, the author recounts collaborating with a local physician to create community outreach events that taught participants to differentiate “normal” and “abnormal” signs of cognitive aging. Those concerned with abnormal aging were then screened for possible dementia. Reframing the conversation toward aging and away from dementia while collaborating with a physician mitigated the stigma effect, allowed for face-to-face recruitment of familial caregivers, and legitimized the project. Such locally appropriate recruitment tools can ensure the field of anthropology continues to contribute knowledge that helps minimize the negative effects of age-related chronic illnesses.
Riding the Franchises
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines such boundary-making rituals as riding the franchises, ecclesiastical perambulations, the lord mayor’s processions, and beating the bounds. The circumscription, on the one hand, created privileged areas with rights and exemptions and, on the other, oppressed areas subject to ecclesiastical and political control. This ambiguity is illustrated by the so-called liberties which were both liberated and subject to feudal control. The phrase “inside and outside the walls” is also examined for its political and ecclesiastical implications. Boundary-making rituals were also utilized to exercise authority over such circumscribed areas as forests, manors, and parishes. In terms of the last named, perambulations were an essential part of collecting tithes to support the church. Finally, the chapter examines the connection between beating the bounds and purification rituals such as the Roman Lupercal.
The Mountain and River System
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the role of mountain systems and river systems in establishing and transgressing boundaries. On the one hand, Renan’s claim that “mountains separate but rivers unify” is examined in terms of the separating power of the Alps and Pyrenees and the unifying tendencies of the Rivers Lech and Danube. In addition, the Balkans appear as a separating mountain system which includes unifying rivers. On the other hand, Renan’s claim is problematized by such separating rivers as the Araxes and Rubicon, and mountain systems such as the Urals which were discontinuous. The chapter also examines the Wake’s account of how the tendency of rivers to flood or change course was also countered by the building of embankments and catchment basins. Finally, the chapter concludes with an account of how map-making superseded the natural boundaries of rivers and mountains in the establishment of nations.
Crossing Sexual Boundaries
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the crossing of sexual boundaries in the Wake in terms of chiasmus, the trope of crossing. While an emasculated Shakespeare appears in both Ulysses and the Wake as an androgyne who unites masculine and feminine elements, there are many references to Dublin pantomime in which, as Robert Adams points out, “part of the humour is transvestite.” On the one hand, the so-called breeches part where a woman dresses up as a man is illustrated by such figures as Peg Woffington and Vesta Tilly. On the other hand, Lewis Carroll and Lord Byron often appear as sexually mixed characters. Bloom’s sexually ambiguous character is also rendered in terms of the case studies of Krafft-Ebing. In the Wake, historical female figures such as Maria Theresa are masculinized while male figures such as Sardanapolis and Julius Caesar are feminized. Finally, the feminization of Ireland is contrasted with the hyper-masculine counter-reaction.
Poul Soul
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines Joyce’s opposition to the boundary between body and spirit. In contrast to proponents of disembodied spirituality like Saint Paul, Hegel, and Madame Blavatsky, Joyce refers to corpulent theologians like Saint Thomas Aquinas and Pelagius who advocated the unity of body and soul. Vico and Bruno also appear in the context of an anti-gnostic attitude which remains rooted in the physical world. Bruno used his theory of the coincidence of opposites to synthesize the corporeal and the spiritual. This chapter also examines the Wake’s parody of Saint Paul’s notion of the two Adams, earthly and heavenly. Joyce’s changing attitude toward epiphany also reflected a resistance to Gnosticism; in other words, what began as a spiritual revelation becomes a showing forth of HCE’s naked rear end. Finally, the docetic heresy which claimed that Christ was pure, disembodied spirit is criticized in both Ulysses and the Wake.
Inconclusion
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter concludes inconclusively with the claim that the Joycean dialectic between provection and revection is without end. In addition, the double meaning of the word “let”—to permit and to hinder—suggests that the Wake’s “letter” simultaneously liberates and constrains. This duality aligns with Gossman’s description of structured and unstructured literary texts which are, on the one hand, normative and, on the other, subversive. In addition, Rice’s description of the Wake as a dynamic system bordering on chaotic turbulence suggests a collaboration between romantic and classical tempers. Along the same lines, the Wake’s word “chaosmos” suggests a chiasmus which oscillates between bounded cosmos and boundless chaos, and the word “collideorscape” suggests a kaleidoscopic alternation between colliding against boundaries and escaping from confinement. As Clive Hart observed, Joyce was compelled to create ever more difficult labyrinths from which to escape, as each solution to the problem of being confined within boundaries became obsolete.
The Migrant Trail Walk
Authors: Mankel Magda E.
Published: September 2023

Since 2004, a group of allies sympathetic to the plight of unauthorized migrants crossing the US-Mexico border have organized the Migrant Trail Walk—a seven-day, memorial walk that takes place between Sasabe, Sonora, and Tucson, Arizona and commemorates migrants who have died in the Sonoran Desert. Taking an ethnoheritage perspective and working with the understanding that cultural heritage is a powerful tool capable of mobilizing social change from below, this chapter explores how immigrant rights advocates mobilize heritage resources, forge community, and deliberate over the injustices faced by clandestine migrants through acts of remembrance that humanize migrants and present them as individuals who belong and are deserving of human rights and hospitality. In tracing this process, this chapter demonstrates the role that mobilized heritage may play in allowing citizen-led groups to express their grievances, advocate for the rights of others, and work through conflicts within democratic societies.
Faunal Remains
Authors: Cole Kasey E. , Hart Kelsie , Merwin Cecily , Tichinin Alina
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents an overview of the faunal material recovered from Point San Jose, a historical military fort and infirmary. Zooarchaeology analysis of the site provides additional context to the behaviors that occurred at the fort during its occupation. The faunal material is comprised of primarily domesticated fauna, including Gallus gallus (chicken), Bos tauras (cow), and Sus scrofa (pig). Many of the remains present evidence of butchery, suggesting the assemblages represents food waste at the site. An analysis of butchery marks on the remains in conjunction with historical documentation of military rations suggests the food assemblage is consistent with an officers’ diet or hospital provisions at a late 19th-century army outpost.
Isotopic Perspectives on Residence Patterns at Point San Jose
Authors: Bartelink Eric J. , Hall Sarah A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter uses a biogeochemical approach aimed at identifying probable regions of origins (provenance) of the anatomized individuals interred in the medical waste deposit recovered from behind the Point San Jose Hospital. To identify childhood and adult residence patterns, oxygen isotope and strontium isotope data was collected on eight bone-tooth pairs from the same set of skulls. These data reflect the geographic sources of drinking water and food, respectively. The isotope data was then used to generate “isoscape” (isotope landscape) prediction areas for each individual using baseline water and soil data for the continental US. The data suggest most of the individuals examined did not live in any of the nine San Francisco Bay Area counties for any extended period prior to death. Thus, these data provide support for the hypothesis that individuals used for anatomical dissection may have engaged in considerable mobility, in both their childhood and adult years.
Diet Dissected
Authors: Hall Sarah A. , Prince-Buitenhuys Julia , Bartelink Eric J.
Published: September 2023

This study evaluated dietary variation among 30 adult individuals from a commingled assemblage recovered at Point San Jose, California (1863–1903) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. The assemblage was recovered from a medical waste pit with evidence of anatomical dissection, suggesting that these individuals were likely of low socioeconomic status (SES). Stable isotope data from the Point San Jose (PSJ) sample were compared to two contemporaneous samples: the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center (SCVMC) cemetery sample, another low SES sample from Bay Area California; and a multi-regional North American sample with low, middle, and high SES individuals. Despite diverse ancestries and evidence of nonlocal origins, this study suggested that diets at PSJ were isotopically homogeneous and heavily influenced by local agricultural resources.
The Study of Revolutions
Authors: Pedraza Silvia , Romero Carlos A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter reviews the comparative history of revolutions, highlighting Marx’s legacy in early understandings of revolution as the overthrow of perceived tyranny aiming to break with the past and impose a new order. The influence of populism in the Latin American context is given historical context as well. This introductory first chapter also outlines the methodology of the analysis of the countries of Cuba and Venezuela and gives some background on their political revolutions. Following social science research questions, the understanding of “contentious politics” in the two countries of Cuba and Venezuela is aimed at fully exploring the origins, processes, and outcomes of their revolutions with a basis in revolutionary social theory that has existed since 18th-century France and the addition of unique Latin American factors. The comparative methodology is applied to Cuba and Venezuela to analyze their similarities and differences.
Venezuela’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Pedraza Silvia , Romero Carlos A.
Published: September 2023

Like the last chapter did for Cuba, this section details the history of Venezuela’s relations with the United States and other major countries, highlighting the relatively stable political system and valuable oil reserves which drive its international relations and exceptionalism. With Hugo Chávez’s introduction of Leftist political changes, the relationship between Venezuela and the United States became more tenuous. Chávez and his successor Nicolas Maduro turned to China and Russia in attempts to end dependence on the North American trade market. The third part of this chapter details historic relations with the Soviet Union since 1945 up through the current government, which is supported by modern Russia. As the oil reserves dwindle and opposition to Maduro grows, the nation of Venezuela stands in a precarious position as a test case of the internationalization of conflict that has resulted in a large number of emigrants to the U.S. and neighboring South American nations.
Crisis in Venezuela
Authors: Pedraza Silvia , Romero Carlos A.
Published: September 2023

Venezuela has faced budding crises over the past few years as their oil resources dwindle and the economic situation declines. Again, the COVID-19 pandemic has also worsened all existing crises and citizen dissatisfaction. There are four ways that Venezuelans are facing these crises: emigration, dependence on government social programs (although these are limited in efficacy), informal economy activities, and reliance on those who already live abroad. Combined with a lack of international support, these crises have led to increased political polarization. The increase of Venezuelan migrants to neighboring countries Colombia and Guyana have led these nations to take a step back in their support of the government. The relationship with the United States has also deteriorated in years of Maduro’s administration, with exports lessening and diplomatic relations broken. There is a serious divide in Venezuela’s politics between Nicolas Maduro and the opposition party in the National Assembly, whose leader was sworn in as interim leader following allegations that Maduro’s victory was illegal. This is known as “dual power.” The future of both Cuba and Venezuela’s revolutions are speculated upon in the final subsection of this chapter.
Nuclearized Wings
Authors: Curbelo Silvia ÁLvarez
Published: September 2023

Silvia Álvarez Curbelo dwells on the complex figure of Puerto Rico’s Governor Luis Muñoz Marín, who at first enthusiastically embraced the goals of the Cuban Revolution but became increasingly disillusioned with its radicalization in the early 1960s. Analyzing Muñoz Marín’s main speeches during this period, especially his 1959 Godkin Lecture at Harvard University, Álvarez Curbelo unveils his growing concern with a nuclear holocaust, his antipathy for radical political movements, and his efforts to promote Puerto Rico as a “democratic left” alternative to the Cuban Revolution. While rejecting Cuban communism and Puerto Rican nationalism, Muñoz Marín proposed that Puerto Rico could serve as a model of prosperity and social justice for the rest of Latin America and the Caribbean. He thus became one of the leading architects of one of the two main narratives of the Cold War in the region: what he dubbed “democratic development as an antidote to the conflicts of the bipolar world.”
Local Eyes into Caribbean Rural Life
Authors: Giovannetti-Torres Jorge L.
Published: September 2023

Jorge L. Giovannetti-Torres discusses two ethnographic projects: Sidney W. Mintz’s oral history of the sugarcane worker Anastacio (Taso) Zayas Alvarado, and Carl Withers’s unpublished manuscript on the Cuban town of Mayajigua, based largely on his key informant Juan Manuel Picabia y Niebla, also known as Manolo. Canvassing the unpublished letters, interviews, and reports by both informants, Giovannetti-Torres identifies several recurrent themes in rural Cuban and Puerto Rican societies during the 1940s and 1950s, including similar sexual norms, gender relations, health conditions, folk healing remedies, and other cultural practices. By playing close attention to Taso’s and Manolo’s narratives, Giovannetti-Torres privileges “voices from below to illustrate a parallel grassroots history of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the post–World War II era. Two informants pictured societies that were about to undergo dramatic changes.” The rise and eventual fall of the Batista dictatorship (1952–58) in Cuba and the inauguration of the Free Associated State in Puerto Rico (1952) would sharpen the historical differentiation between the two countries and accelerate the rate of social and political transformation in each island.