bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting breastfeeding started under pandemic visiting restrictions: lessons learned in Germany
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Sievers Erika , Hockamp Nele , Kalhoff Hermann , Lücke Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic contact restrictions considerably changed maternal visiting contacts during the time in which breastfeeding is initiated. We wanted to know how maternity ward staff and mothers rated the conditions of starting breastfeeding under contact restrictions.

Methods

In the Breastfeeding in North Rhine-Westphalia (SINA) study, Germany, 2021/22, chief physicians as well as ward staff from 41 (out of 131) maternity hospitals (82 members of the healthcare sector in total) were surveyed by telephone concerning structural and practical conditions for breastfeeding support before and during the pandemic; 192 (out of 426 eligible) mothers answered an online-questionnaire about their breastfeeding experiences at 2 weeks and 2 months after birth.

Results

In almost all of the hospitals, visits were restricted due to the pandemic, with the exception of the primary support person. After more than one year of pandemic experience, the ward staff were convinced that the restrictions were mostly positive for the mothers (97.6%) and for the ward staff themselves (78.0%). A total of 80.5% of the ward staff would maintain the restrictions beyond the pandemic. The mothers themselves mostly rated the restrictions in the hospital as being just right; moreover, many mothers voluntarily maintained the restrictions at home, at least in part.

Conclusions

The unprecedented visiting restrictions in hospitals during the pandemic were like an “experiment” born out of necessity. Restricting visiting arrangements may be an underestimated beneficial component for the development of the mother-infant dyad in perinatal breastfeeding care, particularly in healthcare systems where almost all births occur in the maternity hospital.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) (DRKS00027975).
Toward an efficient sea-rail intermodal transportation system: a systematic literature review
Authors: Abu-Aisha Tareq , Audy Jean-François , Ouhimmou Mustapha
Published: September 2024

Effective ground transportation modes linkage with the seaport plays a crucial role in facilitating smooth cargo movement from marine transportation mode to the inland areas and vice versa. Unlike road transportation, rail linkage is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. Inadequate sea rail connectivity within the seaport hampers cargo movement speed and impacts overall port capacity. This systematic review places emphasis on sea rail intermodal transportation at the seaport. The review categorizes and analyses previous research contributions to the sea-rail intermodal transportation system, and is organized into five categories: performance evaluation, problem-solving methodologies, planning issues, factors affecting sea rail intermodal transportation, and enhancement strategies within the context of sea rail intermodal transportation. The study discerns current research patterns and identifies gaps within the existing literature while also offering insights into potential future research avenues.
The role of facial distinctiveness in the prioritisation of targets in disjunctive dual-target face search
Authors: Smillie Emma , Mestry Natalie , Clark Dan , Harrison Neil , Donnelly Nick
Published: September 2024

Two experiments explored the search for pairs of faces in a disjunctive dual-target face search (DDTFS) task for unfamiliar face targets. The distinctiveness of the target was manipulated such that both faces were typical or distinctive or contained one typical and one distinctive target. Targets were searched for in arrays of eight faces. In Experiment 1, participants completed a DDTFS block with targets learnt over the block of trials. In Experiment 2, the dual-target block was preceded by two training blocks of single-target trials. Participants also completed the upright and inverted long-form Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT+). The results showed that searching for two typical faces leads to one target being prioritised at the expense of the other. The ability to search for non-prioritised typical faces was associated with scores on the CFMT+. This association disappeared when faces were learnt before completing DDTFS. We interpret the findings in terms of the impact of typicality on face learning, individual differences in the ability to learn faces, and the involvement of capacity-limited working memory in the search for unfamiliar faces. The findings have implications for security-related situations where agents must search for multiple unfamiliar faces having been shown their images.
Do fiscal rules matter? A survey of recent evidence
Authors: Brändle Thomas , Elsener Marc
Published: September 2024

Fiscal rules are argued to be important for sound and sustainable fiscal policies and have been increasingly adopted over the last 20 years. As increased fiscal pressure and fiscal risks urge countries to address the public debt legacy left by recent economic crises, fiscal rules come under greater scrutiny. To inform the debate on fiscal frameworks, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of the empirical literature on the impact of fiscal rules. In particular, we discuss the recent empirical literature that investigates the impact of fiscal rules on various elements related to fiscal performance and beyond. Our survey finds that fiscal rules are associated with improved fiscal performance as approximated by improved budget balances, lower debt and lower public spending volatility. Furthermore, empirical research finds that fiscal rules are related to more accurate budget forecasts and improved sovereign bond ratings. From a macroeconomic perspective, well-designed fiscal rules do not principally undermine public investment, do not increase pro-cyclicality in fiscal policy-making and can support fiscal consolidations. These results, however, also depend on the broader economic and institutional context. Moreover, there is emerging literature that links fiscal rules to macroeconomic and broader political outcomes, such as income inequality and political polarisation. We discuss methodological challenges related to identification and point to avenues for future research.
Conventional and old endovascular techniques for vertebral aneurysms still work in the era of flow diversion
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Singh Vivek , Prasad Surya Nandan , Phadke Rajendra V. , Neyaz Zafar
Published: September 2024

Background

Endovascular management for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADA) is quite intricate which thereby necessitate different strategies per case. Our current study described various optimal strategies available for endovascular management of VADA other than flow diverter (FD).

Results

14 Patients presented with acute SAH and 4 patients with symptoms of mass effect. VADA were classified in 3 groups, viz contralateral vertebral artery is dominant group A (n = 5), co-dominant group B (n = 8) or group C hypoplastic (n = 5). Group A and B (n = 13) was further subdivided into three subtypes depending on location of aneurysm with respect to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), aneurysm proximal to the PICA, type I (n = 5); involving the PICA, type II (n = 1); and distal to the pica, type III (n = 4). Treatment strategy varied with type whether deconstructive or reconstructive methods using stents and coils in different fashion.

Conclusion

Preprocedural angiographic work up delineating the anatomical location of the aneurysm, contralateral vertebral artery dominancy and nearby perforator status along with location of PICA is imperative in selecting the safest and optimal endovascular therapy option.
Vagal nerve stimulation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: from bench to bedside
Authors: Giannino Giuseppe , Nocera Lorenzo , Andolfatto Maria , Braia Valentina , Giacobbe Federico , Bruno Francesco , Saglietto Andrea , Angelini Filippo , De Filippo Ovidio , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Dusi Veronica
Published: September 2024

The identification of acute cardioprotective strategies against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that can be applied in the catheterization room is currently an unmet clinical need and several interventions evaluated in the past at the pre-clinical level have failed in translation. Autonomic imbalance, sustained by an abnormal afferent signalling, is a key component of I/R injury. Accordingly, there is a strong rationale for neuromodulation strategies, aimed at reducing sympathetic activity and/or increasing vagal tone, in this setting. In this review we focus on cervical vagal nerve stimulation (cVNS) and on transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS); the latest has the potential to overcome several of the issues of invasive cVNS, including the possibility of being used in an acute setting, while retaining its beneficial effects. First, we discuss the pathophysiology of I/R injury, that is mostly a consequence of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Second, we describe the functional anatomy of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the most relevant principles of bioelectronic medicine applied to electrical vagal modulation, with a particular focus on taVNS. Then, we provide a detailed and comprehensive summary of the most relevant pre-clinical studies of invasive and non-invasive VNS that support its strong cardioprotective effect whenever there is an acute or chronic cardiac injury and specifically in the setting of myocardial I/R injury. The potential benefit in the emerging field of post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is also mentioned. Indeed, electrical cVNS has a strong anti-adrenergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effect; most of the involved molecular pathways were already directly confirmed to take place at the cardiac level for taVNS. Pre-clinical data clearly show that the sooner VNS is applied, the better the outcome, with the possibility of a marked infarct size reduction and almost complete left ventricular reverse remodelling when VNS is applied immediately before and during reperfusion. Finally, we describe in detail the limited but very promising clinical experience of taVNS in I/R injury available so far.
Functional analysis of cutinase transcription factors in Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Peng Minghui , Wang Jiajia , Lu Xiange , Wang Meiduo , Wen Gaolong , Wu Congxian , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Shim Won Bo , Yu Wenying
Published: September 2024

Fusarium verticillioides is an important pathogen of maize and causes serious yield losses and food safety issues worldwide. F. verticillioides produces highly toxic mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in infested commodities which makes these food and feeds unsafe for humans and animals. For pathogenic fungi to successfully penetrate its plant hosts, the pathogen secretes hydrolytic enzymes that can facilitate penetration into the plant cutin layer. However, there is limited information on how cutinases transcriptionally regulated to impact F. verticillioides pathogenicity. In this study, our aim is to functionally characterize cutinase transcription factors that regulate key cutinase activities that are directly associated with F. verticillioides pathogenicity and FB1 biosynthesis. Gene deletion of cutinase transcription factor FvCTF1α did not affect the growth and morphology of the fungal mycelia on CMII medium, whereas the conidiation, utilization of sodium acetate and sodium oleate, stress tolerance against cell wall interfering agent, and the cutinase and pectinase activities in the ΔFvctf1α mutant were negatively impacted. FvCtf1α regulates the expression of induced cutinase genes FvCUT1 and FvCUT4 by binding to their GC-rich promoters. In addition, FvCtf1α, containing a novel function in regulating FB1, interacts with the promoter of FvFUM1 and FvFUM6 to down-regulate the expression of FvFUM1 and FvFUM6, resulting in decreased production of FB1 in the ΔFvctf1α strain. ΔFvctf1α exhibited decreased pathogenicity in maize due to the down-regulation of pathogenicity-related genes as well as key downstream cutinase genes FvCUT3 and FvCUT4 in F. verticillioides. We also demonstrated that FvCtf1α regulated FvCUT3 and FvCUT4 differently; FvCUT4 via direct regulation while FvCUT3 via indirect regulation by interacting with FvFarB, a homologous protein of FvCtf1α. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis showed that FvCtf1α was associated with many pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, carbon source utilization, cell wall integrity, oxidative stress, and fumonisin synthesis in F. verticillioides. Our study demonstrated that FvCtf1α was not only involved in the regulation of cutinases but also a broad spectrum of pathways that ultimately affect F. verticillioides virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis.
Explainability, transparency and black box challenges of AI in radiology: impact on patient care in cardiovascular radiology
Authors: Marey Ahmed , Arjmand Parisa , Alerab Ameerh Dana Sabe , Eslami Mohammad Javad , Saad Abdelrahman M. , Sanchez Nicole , Umair Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular imaging has revolutionized the field, offering significant advancements in diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficiency. However, the complexity and opacity of AI models, particularly those involving machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), raise critical legal and ethical concerns due to their "black box" nature. This manuscript addresses these concerns by providing a comprehensive review of AI technologies in cardiovascular imaging, focusing on the challenges and implications of the black box phenomenon. We begin by outlining the foundational concepts of AI, including ML and DL, and their applications in cardiovascular imaging. The manuscript delves into the "black box" issue, highlighting the difficulty in understanding and explaining AI decision-making processes. This lack of transparency poses significant challenges for clinical acceptance and ethical deployment. The discussion then extends to the legal and ethical implications of AI's opacity. The need for explicable AI systems is underscored, with an emphasis on the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. The manuscript explores potential solutions such as explainable AI (XAI) techniques, which aim to provide insights into AI decision-making without sacrificing performance. Moreover, the impact of AI explainability on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes is examined. The manuscript argues for the development of hybrid models that combine interpretability with the advanced capabilities of black box systems. It also advocates for enhanced education and training programs for healthcare professionals to equip them with the necessary skills to utilize AI effectively. Patient involvement and informed consent are identified as critical components for the ethical deployment of AI in healthcare. Strategies for improving patient understanding and engagement with AI technologies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and education. Finally, the manuscript calls for the establishment of standardized regulatory frameworks and policies to address the unique challenges posed by AI in healthcare. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous monitoring, the medical community can ensure the responsible integration of AI into cardiovascular imaging, ultimately enhancing patient care and clinical outcomes.
Long-Term Follow-Up of the Prospective Randomized AATT Study (Autologous or Allogeneic Transplantation in Patients With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma)
Authors: Tournilhac Olivier , Altmann Bettina , Friedrichs Birte , Bouabdallah Kamal , Leclerc Mathieu , Cartron Guillaume , Turlure Pascal , Reimer Peter , Wagner-Drouet Eva , Sanhes Laurence , Houot Roch , Roussel Murielle , Kroschinsky Frank , Dreger Peter , Viardot Andreas , de Leval Laurence , Rosenwald Andreas , Gaulard Philippe , Wulf Gerald , Villate Alban , Latiere Christelle , Elmaagacli Ahmet , Glass Bertram , Poeschel Viola , Damaj Gandhi , Sibon David , Durot Eric , Bilger Karin , Banos Anne , Haenel Mathias , Dreyling Martin , Keller Ulrich , Tiab Mourad , Drenou Bernard , Cornillon Jérome , Nguyen Stéphanie , Robin Marie , Nickelsen Maike , Trümper Lorenz , Lenz Georg , Ziepert Marita , Schmitz Norbert ,   for the French Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA), the Société Francophone de greffe de moelle et Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC), and the German Lymphoma Alliance (GLA)
Published: September 2024

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in
JCO
or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

Primary analysis of the phase III randomized AATT study showed that younger patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) consolidated with autologous or allogeneic transplantation (alloSCT) had similar event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Seven-year EFS of patients randomly assigned to alloSCT was 38% (95% CI, 25 to 52) compared with 34% (95% CI, 22 to 47) for patients randomly assigned to autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (autoSCT); OS was 55% (95% CI, 41 to 69) and 61% (95% CI, 47 to 74). Among patients undergoing alloSCT (n = 26) or autoSCT (n = 41) on study, the cumulative progression/relapse rate was 8% (95% CI, 0 to 19) and 55% (95% CI, 35 to 74). Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 31% (95% CI, 13 to 49) and 3% (95% CI, 0 to 8) after alloSCT and autoSCT, respectively. Fifteen of 30 patients with early progression and 11 of 20 patients with progression/relapse after autoSCT received alloSCT. Seven-year OS after salvage alloSCT was 61% (95% CI, 47 to 74); NRM was 23% (95% CI, 6 to 40). Long-term follow-up documents the strong graft versus lymphoma effect of alloSCT independent of the timing of transplantation. Survival of patients unable to undergo transplantation was dismal. AlloSCT is the treatment of choice for younger, transplant-eligible patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL. AlloSCT is currently not recommended as part of first-line consolidation.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early-Onset Stage II Colon Cancer
Authors: Sinicrope Frank A.
Published: September 2024

Rates of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-onset versus later-onset stage II colon cancer
Allosteric propagation of curvature along filament
Authors: Sekimoto Ken
Published: September 2024

Can a filament transmit the curvatures across the constituting modules and control them at one of its ends? Inspired by the observation of protofilament —a constituent biopolymer of microtubules— this question is addressed by a constructive approach. In our model a simple allosteric element in each module couples with the neighboring modules at its interfaces, which gives rise to a single degree of freedom to control the global shape of the filament. The model can be analyzed in analogy with discrete-time dynamical systems having a bifurcation of transcritical type.
1-Hour Postload Glucose: Early Screening for High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans With Normal Fasting Glucose
Authors: Lee Min Jin , Bae Ji Hyun , Khang Ah Reum , Yi Dongwon , Kim Joo Yeon , Kim Su Hyun , Kim Dong Hee , Kang Dasol , Park Sujin , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Bo Hyun , Yun Mi Sook , Kang Yang Ho
Published: September 2024

Context

With rising the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes, the importance of 1-hour postload plasma glucose (1-h PG) for early hyperglycemia screening is emphasized.

Objective

This study investigates the utility of 1-h PG in predicting T2DM in adults with normal fasting plasma glucose levels.

Methods

A total of 7504 participants were categorized into 3 groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with 1-h PG < 155 mg/dL, NGT with 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices were compared between groups at baseline, and T2DM incidence was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The predictive abilities of 1-h PG and 2-hour postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) were assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

At baseline, the composite insulin sensitivity index in the NGT and 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL group was similarly reduced as in the IGT group (P = .076). Over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years, T2DM developed in 960 patients (12.8%). The highest risk was in the IGT group (hazard ratio, 5.47), followed by the NGT and 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL group (hazard ratio, 2.74), compared to the NGT and 1-h PG < 155 mg/dL group. The 1-h PG level had a higher area under the curve (0.772) than other glycemic parameters, including 2-h PG.

Conclusions

Even with normal fasting plasma glucose, a 1-h PG ≥ 155 mg/dL indicates lower insulin sensitivity similar to IGT and increased T2DM risk, making it a more effective early screening tool than 2-h PG.
Extending the Therapeutic Potential: Romosozumab in Osteoporosis Management
Authors: Liu Livia , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Girgis Christian M , Gild Matti L
Published: September 2024

Current therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis predominantly involve antiresorptive agents, but the emergence of bone anabolic therapy, such as romosozumab, presents a promising alternative. Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin, exhibits both bone anabolic and antiresorptive effects, offering the potential to enhance bone mineral density and mitigate fracture risk. Evidence from several studies demonstrating the efficacy of romosozumab is now established in improving bone mineral density and reducing fracture rates in postmenopausal women and men. This review critically evaluates the role of romosozumab in osteoporosis management, emphasizing findings from real-world studies to facilitate its practical application in clinical settings. Adverse effects, comparative effectiveness with other osteoporotic agents, and challenges in sequential therapy are also discussed, providing insights for informed decision-making by physicians, particularly in the context of pre-treatment considerations. Additionally, the review examines global prescribing guidelines and highlights challenges associated with romosozumab utilization in special patient subgroups, aiming to optimize its clinical use.
Bronchial Blocker Versus Endobronchial Intubation in Young Children Undergoing One-Lung Ventilation: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McLaughlin Christopher S. , Samant Anusha , Saha Amit K. , Lee Lisa K. , Gupta Ruchika , Templeton Leah B. , Mathis Michael R. , Vishneski Susan , Templeton T. Wesley ,   on Behalf of the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation in young children carry significant risks. Approaches to one-lung ventilation in young children include endobronchial intubation (mainstem intubation) and use of a bronchial blocker. We hypothesized that endobronchial intubation is associated with a greater prevalence of airway complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker.

METHODS:

The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group database was queried from 2004 to 2022 for one-lung ventilation cases in children, 2 months to 3 years of age, inclusive. Airway notes and free-text comments were manually reviewed for airway complications. Documented airway complications were considered the primary outcome and were divided into “Moderate” and “Critical.” Moderate airway complications were bronchial blocker or endotracheal tube movement leading to loss of isolation, hypoxemia requiring ventilatory intervention, bronchial blocker migration into the trachea, significant impairment of ventilation, and other. Critical complications included reintubation or airway replacement intraoperatively, complete endotracheal tube occlusion, cardiac arrest or airway-related bradycardia, and procedure aborted due to an airway issue. An adjusted propensity score-matched analysis was then used to assess the impact of a bronchial blocker on the outcomes of moderate and critical complications

RESULTS:

After exclusions, 704 patients were included in the primary analysis. In unadjusted analyses, no statistically significant difference was observed in moderate airway complications between endobronchial intubation and bronchial blocker cohorts: 37 of 444 (8.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9%–11.3%) vs 28 of 260 (10.8%; 95% CI, 7.3%–15.2%) with P = .281. In the unadjusted analysis, the prevalence of critical airway complications was significantly higher in the endobronchial intubation cohort compared to the bronchial blocker cohort: 28 of 444 (6.3%; 95% CI, 4.2%–9.0%) vs 5 of 260 (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.6%–4.4%) with P = .008. In the propensity-matched cohort analysis, endobronchial intubation was associated with a slightly increased risk of critical complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker: 14 of 243 (5.8%; 95% CI, 2.8%–8.7%) vs 5 of 243 (2.1%; 95% CI, 0.3%–3.8%) with P = .035.

CONCLUSIONS:

Endobronchial intubation might be associated with a slightly increased risk of critical airway complications compared to use of a bronchial blocker in young children undergoing thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation. Further, prospective studies are needed before a definitive change in practice is recommended.
Βιβλιοκριτική: T. Yamada, Civil Society and Social Science in Yoshihiko Uchida
Authors: Γκότσης Γεώργιος
Published: September 2024

Βιβλιοκριτική σχετικά με τη γένεση των Κοινωνικών Επιστημών γενικότερα και της Οικονομικής ειδικότερα, στην Ιαπωνική διανόηση των αρχών του 20ου αιώνα. Θίγονται ζητήματα Ιστορίας της Επιστήμης, αλλά και σχέσης της Επιστήμης με την κοινωνία, την κοινωνική, οικονομική και πολιτισμική ιστορία της Αν. Ασίας, αλλά και την ιστορία των ιδεών στην Ιαπωνία
Analyzing Molecular Traits of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Same Poultry Farm in West Java Province, Indonesia, in 2017 and 2023
Authors: Putra Muhammad Ade , Soebandrio Amin , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Nugroho Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho , Kurnia Ryan Septa , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua , Rizkiantino Rifky , Indrawati Agustin , Poetri Okti Nadia , Krisnamurti Desak Gede Budi
Published: September 2024

Background Indonesia is one of the countries that is endemic to avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. This study aims to compare the molecular characteristics of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 from West Java. Methods Specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs were used to inoculate samples. RNA extraction and RT–qPCR confirmed the presence of H9 and N2 genes in the samples. RT–PCR was employed to amplify the H9N2-positive sample. Nucleotide sequences were obtained through Sanger sequencing and analyzed using MEGA 7. Homology comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis, utilizing the neighbor-joining tree method, assessed the recent isolate’s similarity to reference isolates from GenBank. Molecular docking analysis was performed on the HA1 protein of the recent isolate and the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate, comparing their interactions with the sialic acids Neu5Ac2-3Gal and Neu5Ac2-6Gal. Results RT–qPCR confirmed the isolate samples as AIV subtype H9N2. The recent virus exhibited 11 amino acid residue differences compared to the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate. Phylogenetically, the recent virus remains within the h9.4.2.5 subclade. Notably, at antigenic site II, the recent isolate featured an amino acid N at position 183, unlike A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017. Molecular docking analysis revealed a preference of HA1 from the 2017 virus for Neu5Ac2-3Gal, while the 2023 virus displayed a tendency to predominantly bind with Neu5Ac2-6Gal. Conclusion In summary, the recent isolate displayed multiple mutations and a strong affinity for Neu5Ac2-6Gal, commonly found in mammals.
Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity?
Authors: Mašát Milan
Published: September 2024

Background In this paper we analyse the novel The End of Eddy by Édouard Louis. The motivation for this paper is Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity. Methods We analysed the amendment through narrative content analysis, the application of which allows us to answer the following question: Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? Results We conclude that this narrative is built on contradictions that can be summarized as a conflict between a socio-cultural norm anchored in a French village and a person who does not fulfil this concept, who is outside of it. We believe that hegemonic masculinity, that is, one part of the cultural norm of a given village, causes Eddy’s inclination or consciousness of homonationalism. Thus, on the one hand, hegemonic masculinity is undoubtedly present in this novel; on the other hand, it forms a kind of background or socio-cultural environment which, although it defines itself against the given, unconsciously causes the “birth of the conscious homosexual”. Conclusions Thus, we dare to claim that the narrative under analysis is not only a representation of hegemonic masculinity, but also an accentuation of its external and internal influence on one’s own perception of (sexual) difference.
Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS): Manhiça site description, Mozambique
Authors: Sacoor Charfudin , Vitorino Pio , Nhacolo Ariel , Munguambe Khátia , Mabunda Rita , Garrine Marcelino , Jamisse Edgar , Magaço Amílcar , Xerinda Elísio , Sitoe António , Fernandes Fabíola , Carrilho Carla , Maixenchs Maria , Chirinda Percina , Nhampossa Tacilta , Nhancale Bento , Rakislova Natalia , Bramugy Justina , Nhacolo Arsénio , Ajanovic Sara , Valente Marta , Massinga Arsénia , Varo Rosauro , Menéndez Clara , Ordi Jaume , Mandomando Inácio , Bassat Quique
Published: September 2024

The Manhiça Health Research Centre (Manhiça HDSS) was established in 1996 in Manhiça, a rural district at Maputo Province in the southern part of Mozambique with approximately 49,000 inhabited households, a total population of 209.000 individuals, and an annual estimated birth cohort of about 5000 babies. Since 2016, Manhiça HDSS is implementing the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program aiming to investigate causes of death (CoD) in stillbirths and children under the age of 5 years using an innovative post-mortem technique known as Minimally Invasive Tissue sampling (MITS), comprehensive pathogen screening using molecular methods, clinical record abstraction and verbal autopsy. Both in-hospital and community pediatric deaths are investigated using MITS. For this, community-wide socio-demographic approaches (notification of community deaths by key informants, formative research involving several segments of the community, availability of free phone lines for notification of medical emergencies and deaths, etc.) are conducted alongside to foster community awareness, involvement and adherence as well as to compute mortality estimates and collect relevant information of health and mortality determinants. The main objective of this paper is to describe the Manhiça Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site and the CHAMPS research environment in place including the local capacities among its reference hospital, laboratories, data center and other relevant areas involved in this ambitious surveillance and research project, whose ultimate aim is to improve child survival through public health actions derived from credible estimates and understanding of the major causes of childhood mortality in Mozambique.
The impact of botulinum toxin on the health, physical condition, and mental well-being of individuals suffering from chronic migraines
Authors: Ślemp Julia , Jakubowska Eliza , Hoppe-Mitera Ewa , Sionek Irena , Pakuła Anita , Kuźma Krzysztof , Bierć Karolina , Grochowska Marcelina , Kisiel-Cybula Ewelina
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose: Migraines are one of the most common neurological conditions in the world. They are characterized by recurring, intense headaches, often on one side of the head, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines affect overall well-being and are an indicator of health, as well as potentially causing difficulties in normal functioning. One of the most effective methods of treating migraines in recent times has become botulinum toxin. This literature review will discuss how botulinum toxin affects the body and the course of treatment for chronic migraines.
Material and methods: The literature was conducted using "Pub Med" and "Google Scholar"
databases with the keywords „botulinum toxin”, „botox”, „migraine”, „botulinum toxin type A”.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: Treatment of chronic migraines with type A botulinum toxin preparations was a breakthrough discovery. This medication demonstrates high effectiveness and better tolerance compared to other preparations used in the treatment of chronic migraines.
Results and conclusions: Type A botulinum toxin has emerged as a versatile therapeutic tool with approved indications for treating chronic migraines and various other medical conditions. Despite its widespread application, gaps in research persist, particularly concerning its use during pregnancy, lactation, and among individuals under 18 years old. Further comprehensive studies in these demographics hold the potential to revolutionize chronic migraine treatment approaches. The administration method of botulinum toxin, exemplified by the Botox (Allergan) preparation, is meticulously defined and substantiated by extensive research validating its efficacy over the years.
Autoeficacia para la investigación en estudiantes universitarios en Perú.
Authors: Santa-Cruz Flor Fanny , Román-Alarcón Cecilia Rosa , Gómez-Arce Ricardo Martín , Calvo-Gastañaduy Carola Claudia
Published: September 2024

La investigación se convierte en un eje transversal en la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes en la medida que se motiven los procesos de autoconfianza e interés por aprender a investigar. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel de la autoeficacia para investigar que tienen los estudiantes universitarios peruanos. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y nivel descriptivo. Los participantes fueron 237 estudiantes, de ambos sexos, de universidades públicas y privadas. La recolección de los datos fue mediante la Escala de Autoeficacia para Investigar (EAI), instrumento compuesto por 26 ítems en un formato de 11 opciones de respuesta múltiple que considera las dimensiones: gestión informacional, capacidad de análisis y síntesis, redacción científica, análisis de datos e interpretación de resultados, y aspectos éticos. El procesamiento de los datos fue realizado con SPSS v. 26. Los resultados indicaron que la autoeficacia para la investigación en los universitarios fue de nivel medio; también se determinó que la dimensión gestión informacional es baja en comparación con la dimensión redacción científica que tuvo nivel alto. Se concluye que la autoeficacia está asociado al género masculino y al tipo de universidad pública en un nivel alto, estas características se oponen al nivel medio de autoeficacia unido al género femenino y al tipo de universidad particular; referentes a la autoeficacia para la investigación.
Análisis de la reflexividad y su incidencia en la formación docente.
Authors: Burgos-García Antonio , Lizana-Verdugo Alexis
Published: September 2024

Generar procesos reflexivos internos en la formación de maestros ofrece la oportunidad de desarrollar estrategias de enriquecimiento personal dirigido a la mejora educativa y desarrollo profesional docente. El presente estudio, tiene como propósito conocer en qué medida la reflexión personal de los futuros docentes es promovida y desarrollada por la acción del tutor(a) académico de la universidad. La metodología utilizada es de carácter descriptivo y correlacional, a través de la aplicación del cuestionario denominado “Bases para el desarrollo de un modelo de acción tutorial orientado a la práctica reflexiva de docentes en formación”. El proceso de análisis se centra en la dimensión Reflexividad Personal, compuesta por 15 ítems con una escala de cinco puntos tipo Likert. La muestra la constituyen 376 estudiantes pertenecientes al Grado de Primaria de la Universidad de Granada (España) y la Carrera de Pedagogía General Básica con Mención de la Universidad Católica del Maule (Chile). Uno de los resultados más importantes expresa que es imprescindible que la acción del tutor(a) académico(a) permita al estudiante el desarrollo de la capacidad analítica en los centros escolares generando procesos reflexivos que fundamenten decisiones a partir de los factores que intervienen en el aula. Finalmente, se concluye que los futuros docentes deben ser capaces de reflexionar en torno a aspectos personales que configuren su ejercicio profesional, valorando aspectos relacionados con la formación académica, contribución social y participación en la comunidad educativa
Alternative to alcohol
Authors: Laurie Susan
Published: September 2024

Susan Laurie puts forward the case for work social events to be more inclusive of those who don't drink alcohol
Sit Less, Move More!? A Pilot Study on the Effectiveness of a National School-Based Physical Activity Program
Authors: Egger Fabienne , Gasser Marion , Kamer Mario , Schmidt Mirko
Published: September 2024

In recent years, children and adolescents have spent more time sitting and engaging in less physical activity than recommended by health authorities. Despite widespread efforts to promote physical activity through school-based programs, the impact of specific intervention programs often remains untested. Therefore, in this pilot study, the effects of a national school-based physical activity program were assessed. A sample of 80 first- and second-grade primary school students aged between 7 and 9 years (M = 7.95, SD = 0.44) of eight classes was cluster randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG; classroom-based physical activity breaks) or the control group (CG; conventional school lessons). Primary outcomes included objective measurements of sedentary behaviour, step counts, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the intervention. Secondary outcomes encompassed assessments of aerobic fitness performance, executive functions, academic achievement, and scholastic well-being before and after the 20-week intervention. The results indicate that students of the EG spent less time sedentary and took more steps during school mornings than their counterparts of the CG. The physical activity program resulted in a 630-step increase and a 10-minute reduction in sitting time daily. However, there were no effects on MVPA level, aerobic fitness performance, or cognitive functions (including executive functions and academic achievement). The implications of these findings are discussed in light of comprehensive school physical activity approaches.
Koigoromo (Robe of Love) Part 3: A Translation of Yosano Akiko’s “Dawn Pigments” and Shintaishi (New-style Poems) / 『恋衣』英訳（３）：与謝野晶子の「曙染」と新体詩
Authors: Albertson Nicholas
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Yosano Akiko gathered 148 tanka under the title “Dawn Pigments” ( Akebonozome ), along with six shintaishi (new-style poems), to contribute to Robe of Love ( Koigoromo , 1905), a book of poems that she published with Yamakawa Tomiko and Masuda (later Chino) Masako, two other women from the Morning Star ( Myōjō ) poetry group. This third and final installment of my complete translation of Robe of Love presents the 154 poems Yosano Akiko included in the book. Readers can find an introduction to Robe of Love and Yamakawa Tomiko’s “White Lily” in the U.S.-Japan Women’s Journal , number 63/64 (2023); Masuda Masako’s “Complete Devotion” appears in issue number 65 (2024).
Here or There? An Examination of Community College CTE and Student Mobility Across Rural Locales
Authors: Sublett Cameron , Plasman Jay
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Community college career and technical education (CTE) represents one potential way in which students can receive important postsecondary education and training. Yet, existing research suggests rural community college students experience stratified access to CTE. Using a joint human capital theory and geography of opportunity theoretical framework, the current study examined the degree to which students residing in rural locales pursued CTE areas of study that were different from students in non-rural locales and whether patterns in community college CTE participation were associated with student movement or “mobility” across and within rural locales.
Transgender Men and Non-Binary Students Managing Their Identities to Pay for College
Authors: Lange Alex C.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Compared to previous generations, U.S. college students must increasingly rely on non-government sources of money to pay for college. Yet, paying for college looks markedly different for students from marginalized communities, given historical exclusion and inequitable access to financial capital. Using data from a longitudinal study of transgender men and non-binary students, I argue that identity management is a key tactic these students use to pay for college and navigate competing financial priorities. Ultimately, this study can help researchers and policymakers better address issues of affordability, while more clearly understanding the unique nature of identity management for transgender students.
Stringing Verse-Wampum: E. Pauline Johnson, Haudenosaunee Knowledge, and Colonial Print Culture
Authors: Fong Ryan D.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This article analyzes the work of E. Pauline Johnson / Tekahionwake and her engagements with the print culture of colonial Canada at the end of the nineteenth century. It argues that Johnson used this print space to cannily negotiate the demands of a settler culture that was forcibly and violently working to assimilate First Nations peoples across the continent. By combining research by Haudenosaunee scholars on their wampum practices and traditions with scholarship on Victorian periodical and print culture, Fong shows how Johnson's early poetry and prose on paddling from the Toronto-based periodical Saturday Night engaged Mohawk political and aesthetic practices.
Wideband microwave frequency response measurement based on optical phase-locked loop
Authors: Xue Qiyin , Shao Shuai , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei , Chen Minghua
Published: September 2024

Frequency response measurement, or the forward transmission coefficient (S21) measurement for a two-port network, is the key function of a vector network analyzer (VNA). In this paper, a broadband and high dynamic range (DR) microwave S21 parameter measurement scheme based on an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is proposed. By heterodyning two phase-locked hybrid integrated ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, a microwave signal with low phase noise and spurious level is generated as the incident signal and reference signal, and the signal frequency can be easily manipulated over a wide range by tuning the master laser wavelength. In the receiver, the radio frequency (RF) signals are down-converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signals with the phase-locked lasers. By sampling and processing the IF signals the S21 parameter of the DUT can be acquired. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed, and with available photodetectors, phase modulators and phase-locked loops, a measurable range of 2 to 18 GHz is achieved. The demonstrated minimum frequency resolution of the OPLL-based RF signal synthesizer is 10 Hz. The system DR exceeds 68 dB at an equivalent resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz. The S21 parameters of a power divider and a bandpass filter are measured, and the results are well consistent with those of a commercial VNA. The DR and measurable range limit factors and possible extension methods are discussed. The proposed approach offers a high potential way to develop a wideband, high DR, and fully integrated VNA.
Suppression of Kerr-induced satellites in multi-pulse CPA
Authors: Stummer Vinzenz , Kaksis Edgar , Pugžlys Audrius , Baltuška Andrius
Published: September 2024

Amplification of bursts of ultrashort pulses is very challenging when the intraburst repetition frequency reaches the THz range, corresponding to (sub)-ps intervals between consecutive pulses. Periodic interference significantly modifies conditions for chirped pulse amplification (CPA), leading to temporal and spectral distortions during CPA due to optical Kerr nonlinearity. Multi-pulse chirped amplification to mJ energies may lead to a pronounced degradation of burst fidelity and the appearance of periodic temporal satellites after de-chirping the amplified waveform. We study, experimentally and numerically, the limitations of THz burst-mode CPA caused by self- and cross-phase modulation. A number of practical recipes to suppress nonlinear distortions and improve energy scaling by optimizing burst parameters and applying modulation techniques are presented.
Study on the influence of material properties in femtosecond laser ablation of 6H-SiC in water and SERS-based applications
Authors: Kumar Kanaka Ravi , Rathod Jagannath , Bharathi M. S. S. , Goud R. Sai Prasad , Mahajan Sandeep , Sharma Akshdeep , Soma Venugopal Rao , Rao S. V. S. Nageswara
Published: September 2024

We report on the formation of SiC nanoparticles coated with graphene oxide layers by femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of 6H-SiC (n-type and semi-insulating V-doped) in deionized water. Distinct structural features were observed in the surrounding matrix of colloidal spherical nanoparticles. This corresponds to the formation of micro-nanostructures of silicene sheets in the colloidal suspension. Further, the formation of subwavelength (∼λ/8) high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) is noticed on the ablated SiC surface. The variation in the size and periodicity of LIPSS is noted among two SiC targets with different resistivities. The study continued to investigate the morphology of furnace annealed (FA) and rapid thermal annealed (RTA) Au-deposited LIPSS towards sensing applications based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The formation of fine spherical Au nanoparticles is observed in the case of RTA samples, which exhibited predominant SERS enhancement in trace detection of the explosive analyte, Tetryl. This study on SiC using fs laser pulses unveils the uniqueness of SiC material in the ablation process, especially in producing the LIPSS and silicon-carbon-based nanoparticles/nanostructures that can be tailored for diverse applications.