bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of adult orbital intraconal lymphangioma
Authors: Thavara Binoy , Rajagopalawarrier Bijukrishnan , Balakrishnan Sunitha , Kidangan Geo
Published: February 2020

Orbital lymphangioma is an intra-orbital, nonencapsulated, congenital vascular tumor with a propensity for recurrent hemorrhage. It is a common vascular tumor in children below 10 years of age. Adult orbital intraconal lymphangiomas are very rare. The authors present a case of 68-year-old male patient presented with left eye symptoms of decreased vision, proptosis, restricted eye movement, and diplopia. The symptoms started following a trauma to the left eye 6 months back. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a contrast enhancing well-defined 2.2 cm × 1.8 cm × 1.8 cm fairly rounded, slightly lobulated intraconal tumor in the retrobulbar region inferior to optic nerve. Patient underwent the left fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic (FTOZ) craniotomy. The tumor was moderately vascular, firm in consistency with lobulated surface. Few foci of hemorrhages were seen. Near total excision of the tumor was done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of orbital lymphangioma. Although rare, intraconal orbital lymphangioma should be kept in the differential diagnosis of orbital tumors presenting in adult patients following a trauma. It can radiologically mimic other intraorbital tumors. It is a surgical challenge and FTOZ craniotomy provides direct access to the orbital intraconal compartment.
Spontaneous regression of pineal region arachnoid cyst: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ammar Ahmed , Alojan Abdulrazaq , Turkistani Alaa , Alrayes Majd
Published: February 2020

Arachnoid cyst is a rare benign cerebrospinal fluid-filled cyst that can develop anywhere in the brain along the arachnoid membrane and usually unaccompanied by the anomalous development of the brain structure. These cysts are usually located in the middle cranial fossa. However, they are also denoted in other regions. Arachnoid cysts are mostly asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Spontaneous regression of arachnoid cysts in different anatomical regions of the brain has been reported in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting an unusual spontaneous regression of arachnoid cyst in the pineal region in a 3-year-old child presented to our hospital with hydrocephalus without alarming signs and was treated conservatively as the patient was stable, and the cyst showed spontaneous regression. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding spontaneous regression of arachnoid cysts has been collected and discussed in this article.
Primary diffuse large B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the thoracic spine presented initially as an epigastric pain
Authors: Fakhouri Fakhr , Shoumal Nihad , Obeid Batoul , Alkhoder Ayman
Published: February 2020

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) compromises the vast majority of lymphomas and predominantly takes on the form of B-cell lymphomas. More specifically, 30% of all newly diagnosed cases of NHL in the United States (US) are of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) type, making it the most prevalent form of NHL in the US. Arising from either nodal or extra-nodal lymphatic tissue origin, DLBCL is an aggressive tumor which is fatal if left untreated. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is rare; however, when diagnosed, it presents as a DLBCL in 90% of patients. Herein, we present an elderly male complaining initially of acute epigastric pain but soon afterward developed acute spinal cord compressive symptoms; subsequently, it was found to be caused by a primary DLBCL diagnosed in the thoracic spinal cord. This case report presents a rare condition with unexpected initial presentation, and we attempt to illustrate the importance of early detection and treatment of DLBCL in attaining more favorable prognostic and survival rates among patients. Written consent was obtained from the patient after reading a written summary of the case report. This consent was checked and approved from the Scientific Board of the University of Aleppo.
Morphometry of the C2 pedicle and lamina in thai patients
Authors: Yuwakosol Pakorn , Oearsakul Thakul , Tunthanathip Thara
Published: February 2020

Background: Traumatic upper cervical spine leads to instability and neurological deficit. At present, C2 (axis) pedicle or lamina screws for fixation are popular because further external immobilization is not needed. However, these techniques demand experience inserting the screws and carry the risk of vertebral artery or spinal cord injury. In some patients, the C2 screws cannot be inserted because of limited C2 size. Objective: To determine the width, length, height, and angle in the C2 pedicle and lamina in the Thai population. Materials and Methods: Patient data were collected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System at the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University from January 2016 to December 2017. The C2 parameters, i.e., width, length, height, and angle of the pedicle and lamina were recorded. Results: The CT C-spine scans of 270 patients were enrolled. The mean Thai C2 pedicle dimensions were width 5.51 mm, length 23.78 mm, angle 39.04°, and height 8.64 mm. The mean C2 lamina dimensions were width 5.88 mm, length 32.17 mm, angle 49.46°, and height 12.27 mm. Twenty-four patients from the 270 patients (8.8%) had a pedicle width <3.5 mm but all patients had a lamina width ≥3.5 mm. Conclusion: In the Thai samples, 8.8% had a C2 pedicle width <3.5 mm which would not allow insertion of screws; however, they could be replaced with lamina screws since the lamina width was ≥3.5 mm. In this study, all of the patients who could not be inserted pedicle can be replaced with lamina screws inserted.
Intraoperative use of microscope-integrated flow 800 – A valuable tool in surgical management of anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Our institutional experience
Authors: Chavan Vaibhav , Yamada Yashuhiro , Chandratej Kadam , Gowtham Devareddy , Riccardo Stanzani , Firuz Shukurov , Yoko Kato
Published: February 2020

Background: Flow 800 is microscope-integrated analytical visualization tool which analyses the indocyanine green (ICG) video sequence and converts it into an intensity diagram. This allows an objective evaluation of the result rather than subjective assessment of ICG fluorescence. The anatomy of anterior communicating artery region is complex because of multiple vessels and perforators in small space; hence, there is a need of objective assessment tool which can give precise idea about vascular compromise. Flow 800 can serve as a valuable tool in this complex surgery. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of microscope-integrated fluorescent ICG videoangiography (Flow 800) in A-com aneurysm surgery. Materials and Methods: We used Flow 800 in ten consecutive patients of A-com aneurysm surgery from July 2019 to October 2019. We studied patient characteristics, intraoperative observation of ICG and Flow 800, and corresponding changes made in the operative decisions. Results: The use of Flow 800 helped in intraoperative decision of four out of ten patients of A-com aneurysm. In two patients, incomplete clipping was confirmed with Flow 800 and the second clip was applied. In the third patient, perforator compromise was found hence needed clip readjustment, whereas in the fourth patient, ICG was inconclusive and Flow 800 confirmed complete clipping of aneurysm. Conclusion: Flow 800 is a conclusive reproducible and objective tool for early detection of vascular compromise of multiple vessels and perforators in A-com aneurysm surgery. It gives a better idea of vasculature, especially where ICG is ambiguous or inconclusive.
Complex chiari malformation presenting with bulbar symptoms in an adult: Single-stage posterior fusion and foramen magnum decompression: A rare case report
Authors: Balasubramanian Sneha , Saphiya Navas , Madan Abu , Mathews Shobha , Nair Ajith
Published: February 2020

Complex Chiari malformation (CCM) is a spectrum of congenital bony and soft tissue abnormalities, which includes Chiari 1.5 malformation, medullary kinking, retroflexed odontoid, abnormal clival-cervical angle (CXA), occipitalization of the atlas, basilar invagination, syringomyelia, and scoliosis. CCM usually manifests in the pediatric age group and is a challenging entity to treat. It requires detailed evaluation of craniometric indices to decide the appropriate surgical management. Patients with maximum perpendicular distance of dens to the line from the basion to the inferoposterior part of the C2 body (pBC2 line) of more than 9 mm and CXA <125° require a posterior fixation and will benefit from a single-stage posterior fusion and foramen magnum decompression (FMD). We report a rare case of CCM manifesting in a 32-year-old male with brainstem compression and bulbar symptoms. We could realign the craniovertebral junction with only a C1-C2 fixation by a modified distraction, compression, extension, and reduction technique and also relieve the neural compression by FMD and tonsillar resection in a single surgery with a good outcome. The authors find it to be an effective alternative to avoid the occipital fixation.
Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity
Authors: Mayoral Laura Perez-Campos , Andrade Gabriel Mayoral , Mayoral Eduardo Perez-Campos , Huerta Teresa Hernandez , Canseco Socorro Pina , Rodal Canales Francisco J. , Cabrera-Fuentes Héctor Alejandro , Cruz Margarito Martinez , Pérez Santiago Alma Dolores , Alpuche Juan José , Zenteno Edgar , Ruíz Hector Martínez , Cruz Ruth Martínez , Jeronimo Julia Hernandez , Perez-Campos Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, which needs new approaches and recognized international consensus in treating diseases leading to morbidity. The aim of this review was to examine heterogeneous links among the various phenotypes of obesity in adults. Proteins and associated genes in each group were analysed to differentiate between biomarkers. A variety of terms for classification and characterization within this pathology are currently in use; however, there is no clear consensus in terminology. The most significant groups reviewed include metabolically healthy obese, metabolically abnormal obese, metabolically abnormal, normal weight and sarcopenic obese. These phenotypes do not define particular genotypes or epigenetic gene regulation, or proteins related to inflammation. There are many other genes linked to obesity, though the value of screening all of those for diagnosis has low predictive results, as there are no significant biomarkers. It is important to establish a consensus in the terminology used and the characteristics attributed to obesity subtypes. The identification of specific molecular biomarkers is also required for better diagnosis in subtypes of obesity.
Comparative assessment of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay & rapid diagnostic tests used for dengue diagnosis in India
Authors: Kulkarni Ruta , Modak Meera , Gosavi Mrunal , Wani Dileep , Mishra Akhilesh C. , Arankalle Vidya A.
Published: February 2020

Background & objectives:

Dengue diagnosis is routinely carried out by detection of dengue virus (DENV) antigen NS1 and/or anti-DENV IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This study was aimed at evaluation of quality of diagnostic assays currently in use in India for the identification of DENV infection.

Methods:

During 2016 dengue season (July-November) in Pune, India, comparative assessment of a few immunoassays was undertaken using (i) WHO-approved Panbio-Dengue-Early-(NS1)-ELISA and Panbio-Dengue-IgM-Capture-ELISA as reference tests, and (ii) Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA) which assumes that no test is perfect. The assays included J.Mitra-Dengue-NS1-Ag-MICROLISA (JME-NS1), J.Mitra-Dengue-IgM-MICROLISA (JME-IgM), and two RDTs, namely, J.Mitra-Dengue-Day- 1-Test (JM-RDT) and SD-BIOLINE-Dengue-Duo (SDB-RDT). Serum samples from patients seeking dengue diagnosis (n=809) were tested using the diagnostic kits. The presence of NS1 and/or IgM was taken as evidence for dengue-positive diagnosis.

Results:

Panbio-NS1/IgM-ELISAs identified 38.6 per cent patients as dengue positive. With Panbio-ELISA as reference, all the tests were less sensitive for IgM detection, while for NS1, JM-RDT was less sensitive. For combined diagnosis (both markers), sensitivity of all the tests was low (55.7-76.6%). According to BLCA, Panbio-ELISA was 84 per cent sensitive for NS1, 86 per cent specific for IgM and 87 per cent specific for combined diagnosis. Accordingly, performance of the other tests was substantially improved with BLCA; however, sensitivity of both the RDTs for IgM detection remained unacceptable. The NS1 ELISAs and RDTs detected all four DENV serotypes, JME being most efficient. All IgM tests exhibited higher sensitivity in secondary infections.

Interpretation & conclusions:

These results confirmed superiority of ELISAs, and testing for both NS1 and IgM markers for dengue diagnosis, and emphasized on improvement in sensitivity of RDTs.
Community Perspectives on Zika Virus Disease Prevention in Guatemala: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Leontsini Elli , Maloney Sean , Ramírez Margarita , Mazariegos Luisa María , Juárez Chávez Elisa , Kumar Diana , Parikh Priya , Hunter Gabrielle C.
Published: February 2020

Zika virus, which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and through sexual transmission, disproportionally affects the human fetus. Guatemala experienced a surge of Zika cases beginning in 2016. We conducted a qualitative study of community perceptions of the seriousness of Zika, as well as the effectiveness, feasibility, and collective efficacy of Zika prevention actions. Free listing elicited the preventive actions salient for 68 participants comprising pregnant women, men with a pregnant partner, and women likely to become pregnant; 12 focus group discussions in a highland and a lowland town explored other concepts through rank orderings of prevention practices depicted on cards. Participants’ initial concern about Zika, based on recent experience with chikungunya and high media coverage, diminished because of its mild symptoms and reduced media coverage. Participants identified more than 32 salient preventive actions, many of which are considered effective by programs. Participants ranked water storage container cleaning and regular unspecified cleaning of the house and its surroundings as highly effective, feasible, and of high collective efficacy; however, the actions lacked the specificity needed to effectively destroy mosquito eggs. Community-level removal of tires and discarded containers had lower collective efficacy than household-level implementation because of the municipal and community cooperation needed. Condom use, although salient for Zika prevention, was hindered by gender roles. The findings indicate space for increasing self-efficacy for condom use among fathers-to-be, abandoning nonspecific terms such as “cleaning” and “standing water,” increasing people’s skills in using bleach as an ovicide, and promoting antenatal care and family planning counseling.
Maternal Diarrhea and Antibiotic Use are Associated with Increased Risk of Diarrhea among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in Kenya
Authors: Deichsel Emily L. , Pavlinac Patricia B. , Mbori-Ngacha Dorothy , Walson Judd L. , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Farquhar Carey , Bosire Rose , John-Stewart Grace C.
Published: February 2020

HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are a growing population at particularly high risk of infection-related death in whom preventing diarrhea may significantly reduce under-5 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A historic cohort (1999–2002) of Kenyan HEU infants followed from birth to 12 months was used. Maternal and infant morbidity were ascertained at monthly clinic visits and unscheduled sick visits. The Andersen–Gill Cox model was used to assess maternal, environmental, and infant correlates of diarrhea, moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD; diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, or related hospital admission), and prolonged/persistent diarrhea (> 7 days) in infants. HIV-exposed, uninfected infants (n = 373) experienced a mean 2.09 (95% CI: 1.93, 2.25) episodes of diarrhea, 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.55) episodes of MSD, and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.42) episodes of prolonged/persistent diarrhea in their first year. Postpartum maternal diarrhea was associated with increased risk of infant diarrhea (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43, 3.06) and MSD (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.10, 7.59). Maternal antibiotic use was a risk factor for prolonged/persistent diarrhea (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.55). Infants living in households with a pit latrine were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.74) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.14) times more likely to experience diarrhea and MSD, respectively, relative to those with a flush toilet. Current exclusive breastfeeding was protective against MSD (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.58) relative to infants receiving no breast milk. Reductions in maternal diarrhea may result in substantial reductions in diarrhea morbidity among HEU children, in addition to standard diarrhea prevention interventions.
Effect of Improved Water Quality, Sanitation, Hygiene and Nutrition Interventions on Respiratory Illness in Young Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Multi-Arm Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ashraf Sania , Islam Mahfuza , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Winch Peter J. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Ram Pavani K. , Colford John M. , Luby Stephen P.
Published: February 2020

Acute respiratory infections cause mortality in young children. We assessed the effects of water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and nutritional interventions on childhood ARI. Geographic clusters of pregnant women from rural Bangladesh were randomly assigned to receive 1) chlorinated drinking water and safe storage (W); 2) upgraded sanitation (S); 3) handwashing promotion (H); 4) combined water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH); 5) nutrition intervention including lipid-based nutrient supplements; 6) combined WSH plus nutrition (WSHN); or 7) no intervention (control). Masking of participants was not possible. Acute respiratory illness was defined as caregiver-reported persistent cough, panting, wheezing, or difficulty breathing in the past 7 days among index children, those born to enrolled women. We assessed outcomes at 12 and 24 months of intervention using intention to treat. Compared with children in the control group (ARI prevalence, P: 8.9%), caregivers of index children reported significantly lower ARI in the water (P: 6.3%, prevalence ratio (PR): 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96), sanitation (P: 6.4%, PR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.96), handwashing (P: 6.4%, PR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.93), and the combined WSH+N arms (P: 5.9%, PR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.90). Those in the nutrition (P: 7.4%, PR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.10) or the WSH arm (P: 8.9%, PR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.28) reported similar ARI prevalence compared with control children. Single targeted water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions reduced reported respiratory illness in young children. There was no apparent respiratory health benefit from combining WASH interventions.
Experimental Measurement of Roughness Data and Evaluation of Greenwood/Tripp Parameters for the Elastohydrodynamic Analysis of a Conrod Small-End/Piston Pin Coupling
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Giacopini Matteo , Dini Daniele , Fantoni Stefano
Published: February 2020

For the investigation of the tribological behavior of lubricated contacts, the choice and the calibration of the adopted asperity contact model is fundamental, in order to properly mimic the mixed lubrication conditions. The Greenwood/Tripp model is extensively adopted by the commercial software commonly employed to simulate lubricated contacts. This model, based on a statistic evaluation of the number of asperities in contact and on the Hertzian contact theory, has the advantage of introducing a simple relationship between oil film thickness and asperity contact pressure, considerably reducing the simulation time. However, in order to calibrate the model, some non-standard roughness parameters are required, that are not available from commercial roughness measuring equipment. Standard values, based on some limited experiences, are typically used, and a limited literature can be found focusing on how to evaluate them, thus reducing the predictivity of the model. In this contribution, the roughness profile of the surfaces of the conrod small-end and the piston pin of a high performance motorbike engine are measured, adopting an optical measurement equipment. An algorithm is developed in order to properly evaluate the Greenwood/Tripp non-standard roughness parameters and set an elastohydrodynamic analysis of the lubricated coupling. A complementarity form of the Reynolds equation capable of handling the cavitation problem is coupled with both Greenwood/Tripp theory and with an alternative complementarity formulation of the asperity contact problem. The results obtained adopting the two different models are critically discussed, comparing them with empirical evidences provided by small-end/piston pin coupling failures, occurred in a severe running condition test at an early stage of the design process of the engine.
Combination 11 Conductors and Two Pairs ECBS Cable
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: February 2020

This SAE standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for a combination cable consisting of 11 conductors and two twisted pairs for use on trucks, trailers, and dollies for 12 VDC nominal applications in conjunction with SAE J2691 (15 pole connectors.) The cable includes both power and unjacketed SAE J1939-15 paired signal circuits along with dual ground wires to accommodate grounding requirements within the constraints of the SAE J2691 terminal capacity.
Waste Heat Recovery System Thermal Management
Authors:   Cooling Systems Standards Committee
Published: February 2020

Waste heat recovery (WHR) systems are used in vehicles and machines powered by internal combustion (IC) engines to capture unused/waste heat and utilize it thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions by improving efficiency. This information report is a survey of the waste heat recovery methods that include the use of heat exchangers.
Pitting Corrosion Resistance Influencing Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of an Austenitic Stainless Steel in Chloride-Containing Environments
Authors: Klapper Helmuth Sarmiento , Menendez Carlos , Jesse Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Strain-hardened austenitic stainless steels are commonly used as structural materials in drilling equipment because they meet the demanding requirements in terms of mechanical, magnetic, and chemical properties necessary for drilling technologies in subterranean energy resources exploration. Drilling operational conditions might become a challenge for the integrity of these materials due to the cyclic loading the drillstring is subjected to, in combination with the downhole temperature, and the corrosivity of the drilling fluid. In this research work, the relationship among the pitting corrosion resistance of one Mn-stabilized austenitic stainless steel and its corrosion fatigue behavior has been determined by means of electrochemical methods, advanced surface characterization, and corrosion fatigue testing in brines of near-neutral pH with different chloride contents at room temperature (RT) and 150°C. It has been determined that the corrosion fatigue behavior of the investigated CrMn stainless steel is strongly affected by its susceptibility to pitting corrosion. The synergistic effect between the corrosive environment and the mechanical load depends upon the applied stress amplitude and the pitting resistance of the material. The corrosion fatigue behavior of the austenitic stainless steel at RT was synergistically affected by the environmental and loading conditions at low stress amplitudes. In contrast, the large susceptibility to pitting of the material at 150°C has a significant detrimental effect on its corrosion fatigue behavior when subjected to high stress amplitudes. The observed damage mechanism at 150°C can be described as pitting-induced corrosion fatigue because pit propagation controlled the corrosion fatigue behavior of the CrMn stainless steel. The obtained experimental results have shown that the pitting resistance, assessed for instance by multiple electrochemical methods, could in cases where pitting susceptibility has a large influence on the environmentally sustained cracking mechanism, be used as an indicator of the expected corrosion fatigue behavior of the material. As demonstrated in this study, however, results from accelerated electrochemical testing solely might have a limited prediction capability of long-term corrosion behavior.
MicroRNA-107 promotes apoptosis of acute myelocytic leukemia cells by targeting RAD51
Authors: Huang Fengxia , Tang Wei , Lei Yan
Published: February 2020

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA) that affects acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and its potential molecular mechanism by constructing a miRNA–mRNA interaction network using bioinformatics methods.

Material and methods

MicroRNA expression data of AML were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by microarray analysis. Expression levels of miR-107 and RAD51 mRNA were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of RAD51, pro-apoptotic protein Bax, apoptosis related protein CytC and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot. The rate of cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/PI. The predicted targeting relationship between miR-107 and the 3′UTR of RAD51 was first predicted by the online application TargetScan and then verified by dual-luciferase assay.

Results

Acute myelocytic leukemia-associated genes (n = 197) and miRNAs (n = 1701) were retrieved from the database, the interaction network of miRNA-mRNA was constructed and the core position was occupied by RAD51. miR-107 exhibited a regulatory effect on RAD51 in which the mRNA and protein expression of RAD51 were both significantly inhibited by miR-107 mimics in vitro. Additionally, down-regulated expression of miR107 as well as up-regulated expression of RAD51 were detected not only in the plasma of AML patients compared to healthy volunteers, but also in AML cell lines compared to the normal bone marrow stromal cell line. Further study found that increased expression of miR-107 and the consequent down-regulation of RAD51 could aggravate the apoptosis of AML cells in vitro.

Conclusions

Our present results showed that the crucial role of RAD51 and miR-107 in the apoptosis of AML cells, i.e., miR-107 promotes the apoptosis of AML cells through down-regulating the expression of RAD51.
MicroRNA-575 targets Derlin 1 to regulate proliferation, migration and invasion of human thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Dong Hong , Wu Yan-Le , Zhang Xin , Li Han-Lin , Zheng Wei-Hong
Published: February 2020

Introduction

This study was undertaken to examine the expression of miR-575 in thyroid cancer tissues and to explore its therapeutic potential.

Material and methods

Expression analysis was carried out by qRT-PCR. The MTT assay was used for cell viability. DAPI and annexin V/PI assays were used to detect apoptosis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used for cell migration and invasion respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of proteins.

Results

The results showed significant downregulation of miR-575 in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. The role of miR-575 was deciphered by overexpression of miR-575 in MDA-T32 and MDA-T68 thyroid cancer cells. The results showed that overexpression of miR-575 caused significant inhibition of the proliferation of the MDA-T32 and MDA-T68 cells via induction of apoptotic cell death. The expression of Bax was also enhanced while that of Bax was decreased upon miR-575 overexpression in MDA-T32 and MDA-T68 cells. Additionally, miR-575 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of the MDA-T32 and MDA-T68 thyroid cancer cells. Bioinformatic approaches and the dual luciferase assay indicated Derlin 1 (DERL1) to be the potential target of miR-575 in thyroid cancer. DERL1 was significantly upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines and overexpression of miR-575 caused suppression of DERL1 in MDA-T68 cells. Silencing of DERL1 inhibited the proliferation of the MDA-T68 cells while overexpression of DERL1 could abolish the effects of miR-575 overexpression on the proliferation of MDA-T68 thyroid cancer cells.

Conclusions

miR-575 may be used as a therapeutic target for thyroid cancer treatment.
A network pharmacological study to unveil the mechanisms of xianlinggubao capsule in the treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
Authors: Zeng Jianwei , Li Cheng , Gu Zuchao
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Xianlinggubao (XLGB) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). However, as a capsule with complex ingredients, the molecular mechanisms supporting the therapeutic effects have not been explored.

Material and methods

A network pharmacology-based approach was conducted to explore the complex interactome among the targets of the XLGB active compounds.

Results

The herbs in the capsule contain 41 compounds with 246 high score targets, which cover four known OA targets (PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGER4 and TNF) and six known OP targets (AR, ESR1, PGR, PTGER2, TNFSF11 and VDR) of FDA-approved drugs or drugs undergoing clinical trials. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the 246 targets had six key modules. Among the six modules, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway are the key pathways, which are all closely associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage and bone formation and resorption.

Conclusions

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway might be the critical pathways upon which the capsule might act. The present study laid down a foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms of the XLGB capsule and also provided fundamental information for better improvement of the drug with the concept “less herbal materials for achieving equal treatment efficacy”.
Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in patients with chronic renal disease
Authors: Lind Alexander , Azizy Obayda , Lortz Julia , Janosi Alexander , Rassaf Tienush , Rammos Christos
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population. Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, particularly stroke. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher prevalence of AF and is an independent risk factor of increased mortality and stroke in AF patients. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) for stroke prevention plays an important role in the treatment of patients with AF and increased bleeding risk. The impact of CKD on outcomes after LAAC has not been deeply investigated. We assessed whether percutaneous LAAC is safe and feasible in CKD patients.

Material and methods

Ninety-seven patients (mean age: 73.9 ±8.5 years) with AF and contraindications for oral anticoagulation (OAC) or complications under OAC underwent LAAC with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and the Amplatzer Amulet Occluder in an open-label observational single-center study. We classified patients as having normal to mild (KDOQI stage I–II) or moderate to severe (KDOQI stage III–V) CKD.

Results

Patients with moderate to severe CKD (n = 49) had increased CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores and were at higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk (CHA2DS2-VASc: 4.08 ±0.79, HAS-BLED: 4.76 ±0.69) than patients with mild to moderate CKD (n = 48, CHA2DS2-VASc: 3.69 ±1.1, HAS-BLED: 4.06 ±0.66; p < 0.001 for both). In both groups, procedural and occlusion success was similar (97.9% vs. 95.9%; p = 0.479). Follow-up of 6 months and from 12 to 36 months revealed effective stroke prevention and no bleeding complication in both groups.

Conclusions

In spite of a higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk in patients with severe CKD, LAAC is a safe and feasible option for stroke prevention.
TLR4 knockdown by miRNA-140-5p improves tendinopathy: an in vitro study
Authors: Jun Tu , Ruipeng Guo , Bin Xu
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to determine whether TLR4 knockdown induced by miRNA-140-5p improves tendinopathy in an in vitro experiment.

Material and methods

Extraction of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) from SD rats was performed using TGF-1 to develop a tendinopathy cell model. In the first step, we knocked down TLR4 by si-TLR4 to investigate TLR4 in tendinopathy development, and the next we used miRNA-140-5p to investigate miRNA-140-5p in tendinopathy development. The inflammatory factors and Hyp concentration were evaluated by ELISA assay; the cell viability was measured by MTT assay; the cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and/or flow cytometry. The relative mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR assay; the relative proteins expression was evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence and/or WB assay. The correlation between miRNA-140-5p and TLR4 was analyzed by Luciferase reporter assay.

Results

With miRNA-140-5p overexpression or TLR4 knockdown, the cell viability was significantly increased with cell apoptosis depressing compared with the Model group (p < 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and Hyp concentration were significantly improved (p < 0.05, respectively), whereas the TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) protein expression levels were significantly depressed with TLR4 knockdown by si-TLR4 or miRNA-140-5p which target TLR4.

Conclusions

The present results showed that TLR4 knockdown induced by miRNA-140-5p or si-TLR4 improved tendinopathy in an in vitro cell experiment.
Stilte dirigeren. Michael Maierhofs gebruik van gedirigeerde en gemeten stiltes / Conducting Silence. Michael Maierhof’s use of conducted and measured silences
Authors: Moore Thomas R.
Published: February 2020

Stiltes zijn een essentieel onderdeel van muziek. Wanneer stilte nauwkeurig wordt gemeten, zoals in Michael Maierhofs Zonen 6 voor gitaarorkest, kan deze een hele compositie structureren en de luisteraar helpen om een stuk zin te geven. Het artistieke gebruik ervan heeft ook een dramatische invloed op de rol en de uitvoeringspraktijk van de dirigent. Precies 75% van Zonen 6 voor gitaarorkest van Michael Maierhof bestaat uit gecomponeerde en uitgemeten soundscapes, uitgevoerd door zeventien gitaristen. De andere 25% van het stuk bestaat uit afgemeten en gedirigeerde stilte. In dit artikel peilt Thomas Moore het artistieke gebruik van deze stiltes en onderzoekt hij de manier waarop zij de soundscapes omlijsten en helpen structureren. Ook het nut van de dirigent(e) tijdens deze stiltes wordt overwogen, net als de manieren waarop de dirigent(e) invloed uitoefent op de uitvoering door de gitaristen, en de perceptie van het stuk door het publiek.
Defining aerosol layer height for UVAI interpretation using aerosol vertical distributions characterized by MERRA-2
Authors: Sun Jiyunting , Veefkind J. Pepijn , van Velthoven Peter , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Chimot Julien , Nanda Swadhin , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aerosol vertical distributions are important for aerosol radiative forcing assessments and atmospheric remote sensing research. From our perspective, the aerosol layer height (ALH) is one of the major concerns in quantifying aerosol absorption from the ultra-violet aerosol index (UVAI). The UVAI has a global daily record since 1978, whereas a corresponding ALH data set is still limited. In this paper, we attempted to construct such an ALH data set from aerosol extinction profiles provided by the MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis, meanwhile we evaluated them, together with several satellite ALH products in terms of the UVAI sensitivity to ALH. In the first part of this paper, we derived ALHs from the MERRA-2 aerosol profiles by four definitions. Through the sensitivity studies, we found that the definition of top boundary aerosol layer height (Haert) is more robust to the changes in extinction profile properties than others. The spatial and temporal variation of Haert are also well associated with the major aerosol sources and the atmospheric dynamics. In the second part, we further evaluated the UVAI altitude dependence on the MERRA-2 ALH as well as several satellite ALH. Among all the satellite ALH products in this paper, the correlation between the TROPOMI oxygen (O2) A-band ALH and UVAI, and that between the GOME-2 absorbing aerosol layer height (AAH) and UVAI are in agreement with our a-priori knowledge that the altitude dependence of UVAI increases with aerosol loadings. The correlation between the MERRA-2 Haert and UVAI also matches well with what we found from observational data sets. This implies the top boundary of the aerosol layer derived from MERRA-2 can be an alternative in case there is no observational ALH data available for quantitively aerosol absorption from UVAI and other UVAI-related applications.
Simulation of extreme heat waves with empirical importance sampling
Authors: Yiou Pascal , Jézéquel Aglaé
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Simulating ensembles of extreme events is a necessary task to evaluate their probability distribution and analyze their meteorological properties. Algorithms of importance sampling have provided a way to simulate trajectories of dynamical systems (like climate models) that yield extreme behavior, like heat waves. Such algorithms also give access to the return periods of such events. We present an adaptation based on circulation analogues of importance sampling to provide a data-based algorithm that simulates extreme events like heat waves in a realistic way. This algorithm is a modification of a stochastic weather generator, which gives more weight to trajectories with higher temperatures. This presentation outlines the methodology using European heat waves and illustrates the spatial and temporal properties of simulations.
Virtual induction ceremonies: Upholding time-honored tradition
Authors: Hopkins Emily E. , Spadaro Kathleen C.
Published: February 2020

An induction ceremony is a time-honored tradition among honor societies. Designed to recognize new members and denote transition into the society, induction signifies an important step in formal membership. However, with the growth of online education programs, there is a need for honor societies to adapt from traditional on-ground communities to virtual ones.  This adaptation includes conducting an induction ceremony virtually to further create a sense of membership belonging and value.  Recognizing the importance of upholding a time-honored tradition, a small private liberal arts university in Southwestern Pennsylvania sought to digitally record their international honor society chapter induction ceremony and share it with their distance inductees via their chapter website. Use of the virtual induction began prior to becoming an international chapter and has continued annually for the past 10 years. Therefore, this experience exchange shares strategies for planning and conducting a successful virtual induction ceremony, thus emphasizing the importance of membership induction for all students especially those online.
RateofConvergenceofHermite-Fej´erPolynomialsfor Functions with Derivatives of Bounded Variation
Authors: Rababah Abedallah
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the behavior of the Hermite-Fej´er interpolation for functionswithderivativesofboundedvariationon[−1,1]isstudiedbytakingtheinterpolation over the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. An estimate for the rate of convergence using the zeros of the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind is given.
Human Resource Development in Micro and Small Enterprises as a Result of the Use of Business Advisory Services
Authors: Lisowska Renata , Stawasz Edward
Published: February 2020

The effective management of micro and small enterprises, including their human resources, is important from the point of view of their development in a turbulent environment. Business advisory services are one of the methods of development of managers as well as employees. The aim of the paper is to discuss the importance and specificity of human resources in micro and small businesses and to determine the impact of business advisory services on shaping the business knowledge of the managers and employees of these companies. The role of the capacity to absorb business advice–related knowledge in this process is also indicated. The study was based on the results of the research carried out by the author. The research was representative of the sector of micro and small innovative companies in Poland benefiting from business advisory services.
Military Organization Leader Competence
Authors: Balcerzyk Dorota , Zapała Magdalena
Published: February 2020

The social and political situation driving ongoing changes in the Polish Army is responsible for a new perspective on viewing the competences of a leader in a military organization. The article presents and discusses the issue of professional competences in the context of professional military service. It provides an analysis of selected competence models. The essence of competence is the focus, but at the same time the specificity of the organization—the army—is pointed out. Emphasis is placed on the importance of managerial competences in managerial functions as filled by officers. A characterization of the Polish Army officer training and professional development system is also provided.
Simulasi difusi dan adsorpsi matriks pada proses enhanced coalbed methane
Authors: Nurisman Ade , Dewi Retno Gumilang , Siagian Ucok W.R.
Published: February 2020

Diffusion and matrix adsorption simulations in enhanced coalbed methane process. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be considered as one of climate change mitigation efforts, through capturing and injecting of CO2 in underground formations for reducing CO2 emissions. CO2 injection in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir has potentially attracted for reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery. Diffusion and sorption are phenomenon of gas in the matrix on CO2 injection in CBM reservoir. The objectives of the research are focused on understanding of diffusion and sorption of gas in the coal matrix with mathematical model and estimating of CO2 storage in coalbed and CH4 recovery. In this research, mathematical model is developed to describe the mechanism in the matrix on ECBM process. Mathematical model, which have been valid, is simulated in various variables, i.e. macroprosity (0.001, 0.005, and 0,01), pressure (1, 3, and 6 MPa), temperature (305, 423, and 573 K), and initial fraction of CO2 (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5). The results of this research show that preferential sequestration of CO2 and preferential recovery of CH4 in the surface of micropore on macroporosity 0.001, pressure 1 MPa, temperature 305 K, and inital fraction CO2 0,5 conditions are 0.9936 and 0.0064.Keywords: carbon capture and storage (CCS), coalbed methane (CBM), ECBM, diffusion, adsorption Abstrak Carbon capture and storage (CCS) dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim, yaitu dengan menangkap CO2 dan menginjeksikannya ke dalam formasi bawah permukaan. Injeksi CO2 pada lapangan coalbed methane (CBM) berpotensi mengurangi emisi CO2 dan meningkatkan produksi CBM (ECBM). Pada proses injeksi CO2 di lapangan CBM, fenomena yang terjadi di dalam matriks lapisan batubara (coalbed) adalah difusi dan adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami fenomena difusi dan adsorpsi pada proses injeksi CO2 untuk ECBM melalui model matematika, dan memperkirakan potensi penyimpanan CO2 di dalam lapangan CBM dan potensi recovery CH4. Pada penelitian dilakukan pengembangan model matematika untuk menjelaskan fenomena di dalam matriks pada proses ECBM. Model matematika, yang telah valid, disimulasikan dengan memvariasikan beberapa variabel, yaitu makroporositas (0,001, 0,005, dan 0,01), tekanan (1, 3, dan 6 MPa), suhu (305, 423, dan 573 K), dan fraksi CO2 awal (0,05, 0,1, 0,3, dan 0,5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada makroporositas 0,001, tekanan 1 Pa, suhu 305 K, dan fraksi CO2 awal 0,5, fraksi CO2 yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan mikropori bernilai 0,9936 dan sisa fraksi CH4 yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan mikropori bernilai 0,0064. Kata kunci: carbon capture and storage (CCS), coalbed methane (CBM), ECBM, difusi, adsorpsi
Sintesis hidroksiapatit berukuran nano dengan metode elektrokimia dibantu EDTA
Authors: Nur Adrian , Martasari Desi Liah , Nurwijayanti Desy , Affandi Samsudin , Widjaja Arief , Setyawan Heru
Published: February 2020

EDTA-assisted synthesis of nanosized hydroxyapatite by electrochemical method.Synthesis of nanosized hydroxyapatite by electrochemical method has been studied. The aim of this work is to study the effects of variuos parameters on hydroxyapatite particles. The electrochemical synthesis was prepared in solution Ca2+/EDTA/PO43 at concentration 0.25/0.25/0.15 M. The solution was electrolized by using constant direct current at certain current density. There were two treatments for particles after electrosynthesized, namely without aging or aged for 3 days at 40oC. For both cases, the particles  were filtered and washed by demineralized water to eliminate the impurities and unreacted reactans. Then, the particles were dryed at 40oC for 2 days. The dryed particles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravitimetric and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that nanosized hydroxyapatite were produced by electrochemical method. The produced particles were composed of needle-like or plate-like morphologies with equivalent diameter 19-143 nm. The produced particles diameters were inversely proportional to current density, duration of electroysis and EDTA concentration, and proportional to the distance between two electrodes and temperature. The product calcium phosphates types depended on the final pH of electrolysis process and aging treatment. It would tend to hydroxyapatite if pH>8 and brushite if pH<8.Keywords: hydroxyapatite, nanoparticle, electrochemical, synthesis, characterize AbstrakPenelitian tentang sintesis hidroksiapatit berukuran nano dengan metode elektrokimia telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mempelajari pengaruh kondisi operasi terhadap pembentukan partikel hidroksiapatit.Elektrosintesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan Ca2+/EDTA/PO43- 0,25/0,25/0,15 M. Ada dua perlakuan sebelum penyaringan yaitu langsung disaring dan dibiarkan dulu selama 3 hari pada 40oC (proses penuaan). Endapan yang dihasilkan kemudian disaring dan dicuci dengan air demin untuk menghilangkan pengotor dan sisa reaktan yang tidak bereaksi. Endapan dikeringkan dengan suhu 40oC selama 2 hari untuk selanjutnya dikarakterisasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode elektrokimia bisa dihasilkan partikel hidroksiapatit berukuran nano. Partikel yang dihasilkan berbentuk jarum atau plat dengan diameter BET 19-143 nm. Diameter partikel yang dihasilkan berbanding terbalik dengan kenaikan rapat arus, waktu elektrolisa dan konsentrasi EDTA. Sebaliknya, diameter partikel berbanding lurus dengan jarak elektrode dan suhu. Selain itu jenis partikel yang dihasilkan sangat bergantung pada pH akhir dari proses elektrolisis maupun perlakuan penuaan, dimana pH>8 cenderung membentuk HA, sedangkan pH<8 cenderung membentuk fasa brushit.Kata kunci:hidroksiapatit, nanopartikel, elektrokimia, sintesis, karakterisasi