bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A teoria Queer em uma perspectiva brasileira
Authors: Bandeira Arkley Marques
Published: July 2020

A ideia de desenvolver este artigo surgiu após muitas reflexões em torno da temática de gênero e da teoria Queer, especialmente após a realização do simpósio Aproximações da Arqueologia Brasileira com a Teoria Queer no IX Encontro de Teoria Arqueológica da América do Sul, ocorrido em Ibarra, Equador, em 2017. Dando continuidade a estes diálogos, proponho apresentar um breve panorama sobre a teoria Queer e os estudos daí derivados, tomando como base as principais referências que vêm contribuindo para a consolidação deste campo de atuação teórica, metodológica e ativista. Apesar de tratar-se de artigo bibliográfico, construirei algumas problematizações acerca de se perceber criticamente a pertinência da teoria Queer no estudo das temáticas subalternizadas e ignoradas pela academia.
Editorial
Authors: Pouget Frederic Mario Caires , Carvalho Aline Vieira de
Published: July 2020

É com muita alegria que anunciamos o lançamento do Número Temático da Revista de Arqueologia Pública intitulado “Arqueologias queer, tensionamentos da norma”, que almeja apresentar múltiplas abordagens com aportes teóricos menos normativos em relação às interpretações arqueológicas, às práticas científicas e aos posicionamentos assumidos na academia e fora dela.
Metrologia grega
Authors: Duarte Claudio Walter Gomez
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetivou, à luz dos mais recentes achados, discutir a metrologia grega, difícil tema que tomou e toma grande parte do tempo e do esforço dos especialistas. Questão chave para muitos estudiosos que tentaram, desde o último quartel do século XIX até o presente, desvendar as intenções de projeto que nortearam os arquitetos gregos ao desenvolver a sua complexa arquitetura formal pautada pelas ordens. Enfim, uma discussão sobre as unidades de medida na Grécia antiga e os problemas decorrentes da sua interpretação. A metrologia tem se tornado uma importante ferramenta para análise de edificações da antiguidade, bem como para a dedução do sistema métrico da Grécia. Outros métodos se aliaram a metrologia para servir de base a interpretação da concepção arquitetônica, por exemplo, dos templos gregos. São eles as análises: geométricas, proporcionais, modulares e estatísticas.
A greve geral de 1917 e as mortes pela ação repressiva
Authors: Tauhyl Ana Paula Moreli , Hattori Marcia Lika
Published: July 2020

Em 1917, cerca de 50.000 pessoas em São Paulo - cuja população contava com 400.000 habitantes - aderiram a uma greve geral por melhores condições de trabalho. A histórica greve sob forte influência de diferentes movimentos, entre eles o anarquista, foi uma das maiores expressões de mobilização operária na cidade. A reação do Estado envolveu toda a força policial com o uso da cavalaria e resultou na morte de grevistas e na perseguição a militantes que posteriormente sofreram processos de expulsão e as mais variadas formas de repressão. De acordo com relatos da época, dezenas de pessoas teriam falecido nos confrontos, sendo sepultadas no Cemitério do Araçá (DEL ROIO, 2017), apesar do registro oficial de apenas três delas. A partir de uma demanda de grupos de direitos humanos[1] e do interesse de pesquisadoras vinculados ao grupo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa com o objetivo de elucidar, a partir dos registros de sepultamento do cemitério paulistano, o desaparecimento e a morte de militantes ligados à greve. O trabalho possibilitou estabelecer um panorama sobre o envio de corpos ao cemitério pelos institutos responsáveis pelo processo de identificação relacionados a uma cadeia de saberes técnicos que estruturará em certa medida, até o presente, a necropsia e o destino de cadáveres na cidade de São Paulo.
As "formas simbólicas" na pintura tardia de Gustave Moreau
Authors: Vasconcellos Mariana Garcia
Published: July 2020

Este artigo busca analisar o papel exercido pelos elementos pictóricos de desenho e colorido dentro da pintura tardia do artista oitocentista francês Gustave Moreau, utilizando como ferramenta teórica o conceito de “forma simbólica” de acordo com as concepções de Ernst Cassirer e Erwin Panofsky. Argumenta-se que a noção de “forma simbólica” oferece a possibilidade de integrar os aspectos visuais e simbólico-filosóficos peculiares a esse período da pintura de Moreau, quais sejam: a dissociação da linha e da mancha e a construção de uma mitopoese que explora dualismos como o de espírito e matéria.
Disruptiva
Authors: Medina Camila Damico
Published: July 2020

A fim de compreender como o posicionamento afetivo pode criar uma memória em torno das expectativas e impressões do público em contato com obras de arte de caráter híbrido, o foco deste artigo é tratar do processo constitutivo do relato sobre o comportamento do público visitante da exposição A arte eletrônica na época disruptiva. O texto visa questionar metodologicamente a delimitação de uma negação do espaço dos afetos para pesquisa sobre as disputas do lugar do espectador em modelos expositivos mais laboratoriais. Ao me propor a assumir uma posição mais experimental durante a observação participante na situação de visitação, investigo como me aproximar do campo de vivências do público ao interagir com a exposição de arte e tecnologia.
Lembrar. Lembrar de novo. Lembrar melhor
Authors: Cevales Renan Marcondes
Published: July 2020

O artigo discute a relação entre arte da performance e suas lógicas de arquivo, tendo como objetivo traçar um breve panorama dos principais debates internacionais realizados a partir dos anos 1990 por teóricos como Jacques Derrida, Peggy Phelan, Amelia Jones, Rebecca Schneider e Philip Auslander. Em um segundo momento, lanço mão de um trabalho artístico de minha autoria para pensar em como encontro na noção de tragédia um vetor para pensar sobre a documentação de arte da performance.
Entre a floresta e o jardim
Authors: Piteira Susana
Published: July 2020

Alberto Carneiro, Fernando Lanhas e Clara Menéres, abriram em Portugal, no Século XX, um campo de trabalho entre a arte e o território, definindo novas géneses artísticas a partir da natureza. Neste artigo, a obra de Carneiro, revela aproximações às acções artísticas que, a partir de uma nova atitude perante a natureza, informam sobre componentes intrínsecas da prática da arte e da escultura, através do território. Numa leitura do país, as obras em causa abriram caminho às gerações de artistas mais novos, em consonância com tendências internacionais contemporâneas. Pesquisando a paisagem, Carneiro associa a actividade de escultor com práticas da jardinagem e da horticultura, procura equivalências do sentir estético no vazio como forma de conhecimento e eternidade, entre a arte e o ritmo espontâneo da natureza, articulando a prática da escultura com problemas de espaço e construção e com um saber-fazer manual. Em cerca de quarenta anos, Portugal mudou radicalmente, esta obra   documenta-o  evocando o país rural (memória) e país actual (ausência).
Audit Komunikasi Organisasi Layanan Akademik di IAIN Bengkulu
Authors: Thadi Robeet
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi komunikasi layanan akademik di IAIN Bengkulu. Metode penelitian digunakan deskriptif kualitatif studi kasus menggunakan pendekatan dan model audit komunikasi. Audit komunikasi layanan akademik di IAIN Bengkulu fokus pada evaluasi arah aliran komunikasi serta bentuk penyebaran dan media yang dipakai. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Ada 12 informan penelitian dari bagian akademik, kemudian data dianalisis untuk evaluasi audit komunikasi. Arah aliran informasi layanan akademik terjadi secara formal melalui komunikasi vertikal arah aliran informasi berlangusung secara diadik mengalir dari kepala bagian hingga staf akademik dan sebaliknya, secara horizontal dalam level yang sama dan lintas saluran orang yang berada dalam struktur yang berbeda, dan informal melalui selentingan. Arah aliran informasi sudah berlangsung lancar meskipun masih ditemukan kendala adanya kurang percaya diri sebagian kasubbag dan staf sebagai penyampai informasi. Bentuk penyebaran pesan layanan akademik terjadi secara serentak dan berurutan, secara serentak distribusi informasi layanan akademik dan pemilihan media komunikasi cukup efektif, namun secara berurutan melalui media tulisan dan belum efektif. Hasil penelitian ini setidaknya berkontribusi dalam kajian bidang komunikasi organisasi khususnya model audit komunikasi pada model evaluasi komunikasi.
Photopériodisme et reproduction des oiseaux domestiques femelles
Authors: SAUVEUR B.
Published: July 2020

Les recherches consacrées à la sensibilité photopériodique des oiseaux domestiques ont été largement développées pendant un demi-siècle (années 30 à 80) et ont conduit à de nombreuses applications en aviculture. La première partie de l’article rappelle les données de base sur la perception et les rôles de la photopériode chez les oiseaux, en particulier : la perception transcrânienne de la lumière et ses conséquences sur l’effet stimulant des différentes longueurs d’onde ; le double rôle de la photopériode, stimulant à long terme de la reproduction et synchronisateur quotidien des événements endocriniens qui aboutissent à l’ovulation et à la formation des séries de ponte ; l’implication apparemment faible de la mélatonine dans ces mécanismes ; la notion de jour subjectif, sous-jacente aux programmes d’éclairement fractionnés.
La deuxième partie est consacrée à une présentation résumée des applications de ces connaissances à la poule pondeuse. La modulation de la précocité sexuelle par des variations de photopériode reste une composante classique de l’élevage (au moins en zone tempérée) tandis que la sensibilité de la poule en ponte à la durée de photopériode semble avoir décru au cours des trois dernières décennies, en liaison probable avec la forte sélection pratiquée sur l’intensité de ponte de cette espèce. Les valeurs de certaines caractéristiques de l’oeuf (poids, épaisseur de coquille) peuvent être augmentées par l’usage de nycthémères plus longs que 24 heures ou de nycthémères de 24 heures fractionnés en blocs réguliers (sans nuit principale) ces derniers ont été largement préférés dans le contexte français. Le fractionnement de la durée du jour avec maintien d’une nuit principale permet surtout quant à lui des gains de productivité sans modification des caractéristiques de l’oeuf. La répercussion de ces traitements sur le bien-être des poules est également évoquée.
Intérêts de l’analyse comportementale dans les études de bien-être : le cas des veaux de boucherie
Authors: VEISSIER I.
Published: July 2020

Nous partons du principe que le bien-être d’un individu est satisfait s’il peut s’adapter à son environnement. Cette condition est respectée quand l’individu peut satisfaire ses besoins sans souffrir ou s’épuiser. Dans ce domaine, où il est indispensable d’éviter l’anthropomorphisme, le rôle du scientifique est d’évaluer les besoins de l’animal et de proposer des mesures objectives de son adaptation. Ces mesures peuvent d’être d’ordre sanitaire, zootechnique, neuro-endocrinien et comportemental. Les critères comportementaux présentent l’avantage d’être très sensibles et spécifiques et de varier avec l’intensité de la contrainte imposée à l’animal.
Ils permettent de prévenir l’apparition de troubles cliniques (les rythmes d’activité sont modifiés avant l’état sanitaire ou la production) et de déceler de faibles variations (la réactivité peut augmenter lorsque l’environnement est pauvre sans que les critères physiologiques varient). Les indices comportementaux sont spécifiques : ils renseignent sur la nature de la contrainte. Ainsi les postures de repos renseignent sur la place allouée à l’animal, et les activités orales non nutritives sur le manque d’activité. Enfin, dans certains cas, la fréquence d’un comportement est liée à l’intensité de la contrainte. Cependant, l’interprétation d’un ensemble d’indicateurs - comportementaux et autres - permet seule de rendre compte des sollicitations de l’organisme.
Ces aspects sont illustrés à partir du modèle du veau chez qui les contraintes les plus marquantes sont : le manque de place, l’alimentation uniquement lactée et la restriction des contacts sociaux.
Facteurs de variation de la numération cellulaire du lait chez des vaches laitières indemnes de mammites cliniques
Authors: COULON J.B. , DAUVER F. , GAREL J.P.
Published: July 2020

Les variations de la numération cellulaire du lait ont été analysées sur 404 lactations de 208 vaches laitières conduites sur un domaine expérimental de l’INRA et indemnes de mammites cliniques au cours des lactations considérées. En moyenne, la numération cellulaire a été minimale en 2ème mois de lactation (50 000 cellules/ml) et maximale en fin de lactation (200 000 cellules/ml). Les vaches primipares ont présenté des numérations plus élevées que les multipares en début de lactation et plus faibles en fin de lactation. Les vaches Holstein ont présenté des numérations cellulaires constamment supérieures à celles des vaches Montbéliardes et Tarentaises. En fin de lactation, l’écart entre ces 2 groupes d’animaux atteint environ 120 000 cellules/ml. Cet effet de la race n’est pas dû à un effet du niveau de production. Chez les vaches multipares, la présence de plus d’une mammite au cours des lactations précédentes a conduit à des numérations cellulaires significativement plus élevées (d’environ 40 000 cellules/ml à l’échelle de la lactation) que chez les vaches ayant présenté une mammite ou pas du tout au cours des lactations précédentes. La numération cellulaire augmente légèrement, indépendamment de l’effet du stade de lactation, au cours des mois d’août et septembre. L’ensemble de ces facteurs de variations ne permettent cependant pas d’expliquer des numérations cellulaires supérieures à 300 000 cellules/ml dans un lait de mélange.
Brebis laitières : impact de la structure du troupeau et autres facteurs d’élevage sur la composition chimique du lait livré
Authors: FRAYSSE J. , BARILLET F. , LAGRIFFOUL G. , BOCQUIER F.
Published: July 2020

Le but de l’analyse des données laitières à l’échelle du troupeau est d’identifier des facteurs non génétiques de variation de la composition chimique du lait produit et d’estimer leurs effets. L’analyse présentée permet notamment d’apprécier l’impact de la structure du troupeau, induit par les flux d’entrée et de sortie des brebis du troupeau trait. Ces effets globaux de structure du troupeau, qui peuvent se caractériser par la vitesse de constitution du troupeau et la stabilité de l’effectif trait, sont la résultante de facteurs élémentaires comme le mois d’agnelage, l’âge et le stade de lactation. Une simulation d’élevages pyrénéens montre que les écarts de taux butyreux et protéique annuels peuvent atteindre respectivement 3,3 g/l et 1,6 g/l en faveur d’un troupeau théorique où toutes les brebis seraient traites du début à la fin de la période de livraison, comparé à un troupeau de même taille se constituant lentement et dont l’effectif varie constamment. Plus généralement, la méthode d’analyse proposée vise à estimer l’importance respective de divers facteurs d’élevage, outre les effets propres de la structure du troupeau. Ainsi, l’analyse réalisée sur les données de 253 élevages du Rayon de Roquefort montre des effets significatifs de facteurs de structure du troupeau pouvant expliquer des écarts d’environ 1,9 g/l et 1,3 g/l respectivement pour les taux butyreux et protéique annuels, tandis que l’on met en évidence simultanément un effet favorable de la présence d’ensilage dans la ration hivernale, d’environ 2,0 g/l pour le taux butyreux annuel.
Les exploitations d’élevage bovin allaitant en zones défavorisées : évolution, questions. Analyse à partir d’un échantillon d’exploitations charolaises de grande dimension
Authors: LIENARD G. , LHERM M. , BEBIN D.
Published: July 2020

L’augmentation des effectifs de vaches allaitantes en France a délocalisé en partie le troupeau vers les régions labourables avec productions laitières ou cultures de vente. Néanmoins, en 1995, près de 60 % des vaches allaitantes restent présentes dans les zones défavorisées et de montagne, où leur contribution est essentielle puisqu’elles utilisent 70 % des surfaces fourragères.
Les exploitations de bovins allaitants ont connu de fortes évolutions dans leurs structures et leurs types de production, qui ont été accélérées par la réforme de la PAC en 1993.
L’étude présente les évolutions récentes d’échantillons d’exploitations charolaises du Centre de la France en avance structurelle et technique, en les replaçant dans les trajectoires suivies depuis une quinzaine d’années. De nombreuses questions se posent aujourd’hui aux éleveurs, individuellement et collectivement : meilleure adaptation des types et des caractéristiques des animaux produits et gestion de l’amélioration génétique par rapport aux nouvelles exigences des marchés, que certaines mesures de la réforme peuvent faire oublier, arbitrage difficile entre la nécessité économique d’un développement continu en surface et en cheptel des exploitations en place et l’obligation d’installer suffisamment de jeunes pour assurer l’avenir du développement local de ces régions déjà peu peuplées, poids de la capitalisation nécessaire dans un système productif caractérisé par un rapport capital/revenu particulièrement élevé, ce qui rend très dure la transmission des exploitations. Au-delà, la crise bovine provoquée par l’ESB pose la question des équilibres quantitatifs et qualitatifs entre l’offre de viande et une consommation en régression, qui privilégie jusqu’alors la viande de réforme laitière. Comment soutenir économiquement, tout en le maîtrisant, un troupeau bovin (et ovin) allaitant indispensable à l’entretien des surfaces en herbe, créateur d’aménités, notamment dans les zones défavorisées et de montagne où il est le plus difficile à assurer.
Pepper Anthracnose in the Philippines: Knowledge Review and Molecular Detection of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato
Authors: Balendres Mark Angelo , Dela Cueva Fe
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews the current knowledge of pepper anthracnose in the Philippines. We present research outputs on pepper anthracnose from the last three years. Then, we present evidence of the widespread occurrence of C. acutatum sensu lato in the Philippines. Finally, we highlight some research prospects that would contribute towards developing an integrated anthracnose management program.
Preliminary Experiment Using Sensors for Cow Health Monitoring After Surgical Treatment for the Left Displacement of the Abomasum
Authors: Antanaitis Ramūnas , Juozaitiene Vida , Televičius Mindaugas , Malašauskienė Dovilė , Merkis Matvydas , Merkis Eitvydas , Baumgartner Walter
Published: July 2020

The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of two surgical techniques regarding the cow respiratory rates, heart rates, and rumination time using two sensors: an experimental device that was created by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania) and the “SCR” (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) system. The cows were divided into two groups: PA1—cows treated by percutaneous abomasopexy (n = 10), and RSO2—cows treated by right side omentopexy (n = 8). For the control group (KH), according to the principle of analogues (number of lactations, breed, and days in milk), we selected clinically healthy cows (n = 9). After the surgical treatment for the abomasal displacement, the experimental device was applied for the recording of the heart and breathing rates; 12 hour tracking of the rumination time (RT) was implemented using the system ''SCR''; and the body temperature was measured. After 12 hours, the blood was taken for biochemical and morphological tests. The experimental device recorded 12 hours of the respiratory rate (RR) and heart beat rate (HBR) information. We determined the concentrations of the blood serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Phos), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), as well as the activities of aspartarte aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). According to searches for relationships between the traditional blood biochemical and morphological parameters, and the parameters measured by the experimental device, the more efficient abomasal displacement surgical method was the right side omentopexy. With the sensors, we found, after right side omentopexy, a 5.19 beats/min lower (1.10-times) average value of the respiratory rate, 1.13-times higher level of the heart rate, a 0.15 oC higher temperature, and a 3.29-times lower rumination time compared to the clinical healthy cows. Further research with larger numbers of animals and longer experimental periods are needed prior to practical applications.
The Regional Pattern and Hierarchical Tendencies of Service-Oriented Tourist City Network: A Connectivity Analysis of 63 Cities in China
Authors: Tang Hongjiu , Bao Jigang
Published: July 2020

[Background] Previous research achievements of the service-oriented tourist city network have often focused on the analysis of its geographical distribution and service role of the important cities instead of the connections and hierarchical tendencies between the whole city in a large region.[Method]Using big data approaches on the regional connections of 38 tourism organizations including famous hotels, air passenger transport, tourism service agencies across 63 most important tourist cities in China. Fuzzy c-means clustering analysis is used to define 8 city arena clusters. [Results]According to the distributions of connectivity between 63 cities, these eight clusters play different service functional roles in the urban tourism network at four hierarchies. With their “center-edge” memberships, these arena clusters are formed by the interweaving process of regional and hierarchical tourism service connections. The results include the analysis of the various service-oriented tourist city in China and point out the geography “gap” faced by network. [Conclusion] Service-oriented tourist cities need to find their hierarchies and positioning in the network scientifically to avoid blind development, to make regional urban tourism sustainable development.
KEGIATAN FIELDSTUDY DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL CALON GURU GEOGRAFI
Authors: Munandar Aris
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to measure the formation of professional competencies in field study activities. The research was conducted on students who conducted field studies with the names PKL (Field Lecture Practices) at UNJ and KKL (Field Work Lectures) at UPI. There were 120 samples from 580 participants with sample quota with each of 20 students from 6 groups — measurement of professional competence by using multiple choice questions, 30 questions. Questions were constructed from the courses taken by participants in semesters 2, 4 and 6. The test results showed an average value of 56.84 with the lowest score of 44 and the highest of 77. The test results showed more in the medium category; there were no lows and fewer with the high category. The researcher concludes that professional competence in mastering the material has a low relationship. Professional competence in the form of knowledge is formed from other activities such as teaching in the classroom.Keywords: Field study, competence, professionalsAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengukur pembentukan kompetensi professional dalam kegiatan fieldstudy. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa yang melakukan fieldstudy dengan nama PKL (Praktek Kuliah Lapangan) di UNJ dan KKL (Kuliah Kerja Lapangan) di UPI. Jumlah sampel 120 dari 580 peserta dengan kuota sampel dengan masing-masing 20 mahasiswa dari 6 kelompok. Pengukuran kompetensi profesional dengan meggunakan instrument soal pilihan ganda, 30 soal. Soal dikontruksi dari matakuliah yang sudah diambil peserta di semester 2, 4 dan 6. Hasil tes menunjukan nilai rata-rata 56,84 dengan nilai terendah 44 dan tertinggi 77. Hasil tes menunjukan lebih banyak pada kategori sedang, tidak ada yang rendah dan sedikit dengan kategori tinggi. Peneliti berkesimpulan kompetensi profesional penguasaan materi memiliki hubungan yang rendah. Kompetensi profesional berupa pengetahuan terbentuk dari kegiatan lain seperti pengajaran dikelas.

Kata kunci : Fieldstudy, kompetensi, profesional
Reduced Bacterial Burden of the Skin Surrounding the Shoulder Joint Following Topical Protocatechuic Acid Application
Authors: Jalali Omid , Best Molly , Wong Alison , Schaeffer Brett , Bauer Brendon , Johnson Lanny
Published: July 2020

Background:

Reducing the rising health-care burden associated with shoulder surgical site infection (SSI) is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a topical reagent for surgical skin antisepsis surrounding the shoulder joint.

Methods:

This was a 2-phase skin-disinfection trial involving the human shoulder. The shoulders of healthy volunteers were randomized to topical treatment with PCA (a 10% concentration of PCA in Phase I [11 subjects] and a 17% concentration in Phase II [12 subjects]), with a control of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) applied to the contralateral shoulder. Mechanical scraping was performed for skin harvest following reagent application, and samples were sent for aerobic and anaerobic culture. Sterilization rates and bacterial counts were determined for each treatment group, and the proportion of subjects with persistent Cutibacterium acnes colonization following topical application of PCA was determined using DNA sequencing analysis.

Results:

The topical application of 10% PCA was associated with significantly higher aerobic and anaerobic sterilization rates (90.9% and 81.8%, respectively) compared with treatment with IPA (p = 0.0143 and p = 0.0253, respectively). The topical application of 17% PCA was associated with a significantly higher anaerobic sterilization rate (83.3%) and trended toward a significantly higher aerobic sterilization rate (91.7%) compared with treatment with IPA (p = 0.0143 and p = 0.083, respectively). C. acnes was identified in 18.2% and 0% of subjects following treatment with 10% and 17% PCA, respectively.

Conclusions:

The topical application of PCA was associated with a reduction in the bacterial burden of human shoulder skin and demonstrated dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against C. acnes in young, healthy subjects. Clinical studies in a shoulder surgical population are warranted to determine the potential for application in surgical skin antisepsis to reduce shoulder SSI.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Institutional perspective for doubling fish farmers’ income: A case study
Authors: Sundaray J. K. , Ananth P. N. , Barik N. K. , Sahoo P. R. , Pal P. P. , Dash A. K.
Published: July 2020

Doubling farmers’ income (DFI) by 2022 has been set as a target for Agriculture sector of India. Extensive deliberations have been made on application and adoption of technologies/packages as key forces to reach the target. The responsibility is with numerous stakeholders and the specific role of Research and Development (R&D) institutions in doubling farmers’ income has not been touched upon. As agriculture and allied sectors like aquaculture is a state subject, greater linkages have to be established by R&D institutions to achieve the target. The present study analysed the role of R&D institution in doubling farmers’ income, keeping technology as an effective tool, based on a case study of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar and Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)-Khordha in Odisha State, India. The results of the study delineated the ways and means for ICAR-CIFA and KVK, Khordha to achieve the target of doubling farmers’ income by developing models with existing proven technology, upscaling proven extension approaches like Farmers Field Schools (FFS) replicated as Aquaculture Field Schools (AFS), best practices to be adopted and rationalising farm innovations.
Biological observations on the Bengal guitarfish Rhinobatos annandalei Norman, 1926 from the Eastern Arabian Sea, India
Authors: Purushottama G. B. , Ramasubramanian V. , Akhilesh K. V. , Raje Thakurdas S. G. , Kizhakudan Shobha Joe , Zacharia P. U.
Published: July 2020

Biological data for the little known Bengal guitarfish Rhinobatos annandalei Norman, 1926 (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) are presented based on specimens collected from bycatch of commercial shrimp trawlers, gill netters and bag or dol netters operating in the Arabian Sea at depths of 2-70 m off the north-west coast of India. Five hundred ninety-three specimens measuring 30.0 to 95.0 cm total length (TL) and weighing between 64.0 to 3300 g total weight (TW) were collected for the study. The length-weight relationships (LWR) were significantly different between the sexes (p<0.001) and for the combined sexes was derived as TW= 0.000604 TL3.408256 (r2= 0.997). The co-efficients ‘a’, ‘b’ of the LWR were estimated as 0.000621, 3.410115 (r2= 0.999) for females and 0.000766, 3.333872 (r2= 0.999) for males. The length at maturity (TL50) for females and males was estimated to be 61.0 and 63.3 cm TL, respectively. In a single female, the number of embryos ranged from 2 to 11 and the size at birth was estimated between 25.0 to 30.0 cm TL. The overall sex ratio favoured females at the rate of 1.6:1. An analysis of the stomach contents (%IRI) revealed that R. annandalei mainly fed on Solenocera spp. (18.7% IRI), along with P. sculptilis (0.5% IRI), P. stylifera (0.4% IRI), Loligo spp. (0.4% IRI) and sciaenids (0.3% IRI). Since, the species is poorly studied and assessed as ‘Data Deficient’ in the IUCN red list criterion, it is anticipated that the biological results from the present study, will update information on the species thereby enabling more effective management decisions.
Economic impact of fluctuations in oilsardine landings in India
Authors: Aswathy N. , Narayanakumar R. , S. Salim Shyam , Rohit Prathibha , Gopalakrishnan A.
Published: July 2020

The Indian oilsardine Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes, 1847) is a significant contributor to the marine fisheries economy of India. The species showed wide fluctuations in landings in the past and during recent years, the decline in landings is an issue of concern for sustainable harvest of the resource especially in the context of climate change regime. The paper analysed the economic impacts of fluctuations in oilsardine landings in terms of gross earnings realised at landing centre and retail levels; inflation in the domestic markets and external trade during the 2000-2018 period. The analysis indicated that the decline in landings was more in the state of Kerala as compared to all India landings. The inflation at point of first sales (landing centre level) was more during 2000-09 period whereas at retail market level inflation was highest during 2010-2018. The inflationary pressure on domestic consumers in Kerala was more during 2010-2018 period. The growth in external trade of sardines was in tune with the Indian oilsardine landings in the country.
Confirmation of Alleles Inheritance in F1 Progenies Derived from a Cross of Calcutta-4 [Musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides] and Musa acuminata ssp. microcarpa Based on SSR Markers
Authors: Rosalia Dea , Lestari Puji , Soegianto Andy , Saptadi Darmawan , Sutanto Agus , Nugroho Kristianto , Terryana Rerenstradika T. , Tasma I Made , Roostika Ika
Published: July 2020

Banana breeding to produce improved varieties with disease resistance haracters and other desired traits could sustain its yield. Alleles harbored by parents could be passed on to the offsprings through hybridization, but need to be confirmed using molecular markers. This study aimed to confirm allele inheritance in F1 progenies derived from a cross of Calcutta-4 (Musa acuminata ssp.  burmannicoides) and M. acuminata ssp. microcarpa based on SSR markers. Eleven pairs of SSR primers were used to amplify DNA of 44 progenies using the PCR technique. The results showed that six SSR markers (MaSSR 1.1, MaSSR
5.1, MaSSR 6.1, MaSSR 7.1, MaSSR 8.1, and MaSSR 11.1) were polymorphic in both parents. Four markers (MaSSR 1.1, MaSSR 5.1, MaSSR 6.1, and MaSSR 8.1) had PIC >0.7, indicating their informativeness to distinguish these progenies and other genetic studies of banana germplasms. A total of 44 F1 individuals were confirmed to harbor alleles inherited from their parents,
suggesting as true progenies from the cross of Calcutta-4 and M. acuminata ssp. microcarpa. This population demonstrated 100% success of hybridization performed. Chi-Square analysis revealed that segregation of all markers did not match to Mendelian ratio 1:2:1, except for MaSSR 1.1 (x2 = 5,62) and MaSSR 6.1 (x2 = 3,77) markers. The genetic traceability of banana F1 progenies demonstrating the usefulness and feasibility of SSR markers in this study provided information on selection of true progenies which may be valuable for breeders to assist selection process in future banana breeding program in Indonesia.
Construction of Binary Vector and Transformation of Synthetic LcCsp Gene into Nipponbare Rice Genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transformation Method
Authors: Yulita Dina Sri , Polosoro Aqwin , Sisharmini Atmitri , Apriana Aniversari , Nurilmala Febi , Trijatmiko Kurniawan Rudi
Published: July 2020

Cold shock protein (Csp) is an essential bacterial protein for increasing abiotic stress tolerance, especially cold stress. Several studies discovered that overexpression of the gene successfully improves the tolerances of several types of plant not only under cold stress, but also other abiotic stresses, e.g. hot and drought conditions. The objectives of this study were to construct a binary vector containing the LcCsp gene modified from Lactobacillus casei and transform the gene into Nipponbare rice genome. The native LcCsp gene sequence, however, has low GC content (46.7%) while rice as transformation target plant has 52% GC content. The native LcCsp gene sequence, therefore, was optimized to the level close to 52.7% similar to GC content of the rice genome. This LcCsp gene was synthesized by using DNA printing technology (gBlocks® Gene Fragments Entry, IDT). The synthetic LcCsp gene was successfully inserted into the pCAMBIA1300-int binary vector driven by Ubiquitin1 promoter and NOS terminator. The T-DNA cassette was successfully transformed into Nipponbare rice genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 using immature embryo transformation protocol. A total of 51 T0 Nipponbare lines survived from hygromycin selections and 21 lines were successfully acclimatized. Molecular analysis of the candidate lines showed that all Nipponbare transgenic putative lines contain the LcCsp gene demonstrating high transformation efficiency of 11.8%. The rice lines resulted from this study should be further analyzed and might be useful for developing rice transgenic lines tolerance to heat, drought, or saline stress condition.
Molecular and Phenotypic Analyses of Inpari HDB/K15 F2 Lines Containing sd1 Mutant Gene Resulted from Genome Editing Method
Authors: Fitriyanti Clara S. A. , Suharsono Suharsono Suharsono , Santoso Tri Joko
Published: July 2020

Inpari HDB variety is resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, but due to its tall stature, the variety is susceptible to lodging. Inpari HDB with semidwarf stature, therefore, is of high interest for lodging resistant performance. sd1 gene encoding GA20ox-2 enzyme is one of the genes responsible for imparting semidwarf stature of rice. In previous study, sd1 mutant rice cv. Kitaake (K15) was developed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The objective of this study was to analyze molecularly and phenotypically F2 lines containing sd1 mutant gene resulted from a cross between Inpari HDB and K15 to develop semidwarf
Inpari HDB rice variety. Thirty F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were analyzed at molecular level using DNA sequencing method together with phenotypic assessment of the lines to verify the integration of sd1 mutant gene. DNA sequencing analysis showed that 9 out of the 30 F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were sd1 mutants. The remaining F2 lines contained 17 heterozygotes and 4 nonmutants. All the nine mutant lines demonstrated shorter plant stature and showed more tiller number per plant compared to the nonmutant lines. The sd1 mutant gene in the F2 lines showed pleiotropic effects on panicle number and
showed no effects on other traits, such as flowering time, panicle length, filled and unfilled grain percentages. This study showed the introduction of sd1 mutant gene generated semidwarf Inpari HDB lines. The semidwarf Inpari HDB lines obtained from this research should be further evaluated to confirm their lodging resistant performances.
Cultural Resources Intensive Pedestrian Survey within the Dayton Loop Pipeline Project, Harris and Liberty Counties, Texas
Authors: Scott Tony , Kloepfer Amanda
Published: July 2020

Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, conducted an intensive pedestrian cultural resources survey of jurisdictional portions of survey corridor within a proposed pipeline alignment measuring a total of approximately 30 kilometers (18.5 miles) located in Harris and Liberty Counties, Texas. The pipeline route is on privately-owned property; therefore, a Texas Antiquities Permit was not required prior to survey. In total, the surveyed property totals approximately 2.8 hectares (7 acres) which defines the Area of Potential Effects. The goals of the survey were to establish whether or not previously unidentified archaeological resources were located within the project area, also defined as the project’s Area of Potential Effects, and whether the pipeline alignment would affect any previously identified cultural resources. The lead agency for the project has been identified as the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District. The procedures to be followed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers to fulfill the requirements set forth in the National Historic Preservation Act, other applicable historic preservation laws, and Presidential directives as they relate to the regulatory program of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (33 CFR Parts 320-334) are articulated in the Regulatory Program of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Part 325 -Processing of Department of the Army Permits, Appendix C -Procedures for the Protection of Historic Properties. All fieldwork and reporting activities were completed following accepted standards set forth by the Texas Historical Commission and the Council of Texas Archeologists and in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

Fieldwork took place in March 2019 and required 32 work hours to complete. Field investigation consisted of intensive pedestrian inspection, subsurface shovel testing, photographic documentation, and mapping. A total of 20 shovel tests were excavated, of which none were positive for buried cultural materials. No historic structures were identified as a result of survey.

Based on the results of the survey, Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends that no further cultural resources work be required and that the project be cleared to proceed as currently planned.
Spatial Filtering for Enhanced High-Density Surface Electromyographic Examination of Neuromuscular Changes and Its Application to Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xinhui , Tang Xiao , Chen Xun , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ping
Published: July 2020

Background: Spatial filtering of multi-channel signals is considered to be an effective pre-processing approach for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The use of spatial filtering for preprocessing high-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) helps to extract critical spatial information, but its application to non-invasive examination of neuromuscular changes have not been well investigated. Methods: Aimed at evaluating how spatial filtering can facilitate examination of muscle paralysis, three different spatial filtering methods are presented using principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, and both combination, respectively. Their performance was evaluated in terms of diagnostic power, through HD-sEMG clustering index (CI) analysis of neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following spinal cord injury (SCI). Results: The experimental results showed that: 1) The CI analysis of conventional single-channel sEMG can reveal complex neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following SCI, and its diagnostic power has been confirmed to be characterized by the variance of Z-scores; 2) the diagnostic power was highly dependent on the location of sEMG recording channel. Directly averaging the CI diagnostic indicators over channels just reached a medium level of the diagnostic power; 3) the use of either PCA-based or NMF-based filtering method yielded a greater diagnostic power, and their combination could even enhance the diagnostic power significantly. Conclusions: This study not only presents an essential preprocessing approach for improving diagnostic power of HD-sEMG, but also helps to develop a standard sEMG preprocessing pipeline, thus promoting its widespread application.
Process evaluation of the implementation of a parenting programme for Somali-born parents living in Sweden
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Schön Ulla-Karin , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Flacking Renée , Tistad Malin
Published: July 2020

Background: Forced migration has been shown to have a negative impact on family dynamics, parenting and the parent-child relationship. Parental support programmes aim to strengthen family functioning and the parent-child relationship and to promote the mental health of children and parents. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how parenting support programmes can be implemented for newly arrived immigrant parents. This process evaluation, therefore, describes the implementation of a successful parenting programme for immigrant parents from Somalia and identifies key components in the implementation process.Method: This process evaluation considered context, implementation and mechanism of impact, in accordance with the Medical Research Councils guidance. Data were collected through focus group discussions, a questionnaire, attendance lists, field and reflection notes, and observations of the sessions. The data were then analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed that of the 60 parents who were invited to the parenting programme, 58 participated in the sessions. The study showed that involving key individuals in the early stage of the implementation facilitated reaching the Somali-born parents in the parenting programme. To retain the participants in the programme, parents were offered free transportation. The programme was implemented and delivered as intended. A majority of the parents were satisfied with the programme, and they reported increased knowledge about children’s rights and the support they might seek from social services. Conclusions: This study illustrates how a parenting support programme can be implemented for Somali-born parents and provides guidance on how to engage and attract immigrant parents to participate in parenting support programmes.
Intravertebral insertion of Interbody fusion cage via transpedicular approach for the treatment of stage III Kümmell disease：a technical note and case presentation
Authors: Chen changjun , Gao Xianlei , Li Hao , Pan Xin , Wang Songgang
Published: July 2020

Background

Kümmell disease usually occurs in the elderly osteoporosis population and develops gradually into symptomatic, progressive kyphosis of the spine. Several alternative surgical procedures, including vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and osteotomy, can be chose for the treatment of the disease. However, current surgical methods to deal with stage III Kümmell disease are less satisfying.

Method

A modified technique of intravertebral insertion of interbody fusion cage with posterior spine stabilization was applied to treat stage III Kümmell disease.

Results

This study details a modified technique applied in a patient with stage III Kümmell disease, showing significant improvement in pain relief, anterior column height recovery, and kyphotic angle correction. And no complications was reported during our follow-up.

Conclusions

Intravertebral insertion of interbody fusion cage via transpedicular approach provides advantages of acceptable correction of kyphosis, bony fusion, minimal invasion. Thus, our method was a good alternative choice for stage III Kümmell disease.
Asiaticoside reduces autophagy and improves memory in rat model of dementia through mTOR signaling pathway regulation
Authors: Guo Min , Xu Jianmeng , Wang Shiwei , Dong Baohua
Published: July 2020

Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the leading causes of neurological disorders following Alzheimer's disease. The present study evaluated asiaticoside for possible role in treatment of VD in the rat model and inhibition of autophagy in hippocampus tissues. Asiaticoside treatment of the VD rats significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated the impairment in spontaneously altered behaviors and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced escape latency. VD mediated decrease in distance travelled, swim time and count of platform crossings was significantly (P < 0.02) alleviated by asiaticoside. The VD mediated hippocampus tissue damage was alleviated significantly (P < 0.05) by asiaticoside treatment. Treatment of the VD rats with asiaticoside alleviated formation of autophagosome and markedly suppressed count of primary lysosomes. In asiaticoside treated rats VD mediated increase in Beclin-1 and Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3II) expression in the hippocampus tissues was alleviated. Asiaticoside treatment prevented suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in VD rat hippocampus tissues. The rapamycin mediated suppression of p-mTOR and elevation of Beclin 1 and LC3II expression in rat hippocampus could not be alleviated by asiaticoside treatment. In summary, asiaticoside effectively prevents cerebral ischemia mediated cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in the rats. Moreover, autophagy was inhibited and mTOR pathway activated in rats with cerebral ischemia by asiaticoside treatment. Therefore, asiaticoside may be studied further as therapeutic agent for treatment of dementia.
Inflammatory Response and Cell Apoptosis are Inhibited by Indirubin-3′-Oxime via PI3K/Akt Pathway in Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury ​
Authors: Zhu Yan , Wu Lixue , Zhou Qiuxiang , Yan Yueyue , Qu Jinlong , Wang Lv
Published: July 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) main cause of motor dysfunction results in loss of feelings partially or completely. The current study investigated indirubin-3′-oxime (IR3O) for treatment of SCI in rat model and evaluated the related mechanism. Rats in model SCI and ID30 groups were subjected to laminectomy at 8th thoracic vertebra level. Vertebral column was secured by clamping T6 and T10 and SCI model was established by dripping a hammer. Treatment groups received 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/kg doses of ID30 daily for 2-weeks post-surgery. Treatment with ID30 effectively improved BBB score in rats with SCI in dose-based manner. Accumulation of water in spinal cord tissues was alleviated significantly on treatment of SCI rats with ID30. ID30 treatment significantly alleviated SCI mediated higher serum levels of TNF-α and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in SCI rats. In ID30 treated SCI rats SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly alleviated. The SCI mediated increased cleaved caspase-3 and -9 levels were alleviated by ID30 treatment significantly. Moreover, ID30 treatment suppressed SCI mediated elevation of PGE2, COX‑2 levels and significantly (P<0.05) elevated PPAR-γ expression. The ID30 treatment of SCI rats significantly (P<0.05) elevated PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Thus, ID30 inhibited edema and improved BBB score in rats with SCI by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative response. Moreover, in SCI rats ID30 treatment down-regulated apoptotic proteins, promoted PPAR-γ activation and elevated PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Thus, ID30 has potential to be studied further for development of therapeutic strategy for SCI.