bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No association of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with primary liver cancer in cirrhotic patients: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Dong Liyan , Yin Yuhang , Lu Huiyuan , Sun Di , Wang Dongyang , Zou Deli , Qi Xingshun
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. ABO blood groups and rhesus (Rh) factor are inherited characteristics. Their association with the presence of PLC remains unclear in cirrhotic patients. Hence, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether blood groups were risk factors for the presence of PLC in cirrhosis.

Methods

Patients with liver cirrhosis who were consecutively admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2014 were retrospectively screened. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with PLC in cirrhotic patients. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for gender, age, family history of liver cirrhosis, HBV-DNA positivity, and etiology of cirrhosis. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the etiology of liver cirrhosis.

Results

Overall, 1,158 cirrhotic patients without PLC and 240 cirrhotic patients with PLC were included in the study. After adjusting for confounding factors, non-O (aOR = 0.763; 95%CI = 0.449–1.298, p = 0.319), A (aOR = 0.643; 95%CI = 0.332–1.246, p = 0.191), B (aOR = 0.835; 95%CI = 0.453–1.540, p = 0.564), AB (aOR = 0.888; 95%CI = 0.363–2.170, p = 0.795), and Rh (+) (aOR = 0.239; 95%CI = 0.036–1.571, p = 0.136) blood groups were not independently associated with PLC in cirrhotic patients. In the subgroup analysis of HBV-related cirrhotic patients, the proportion of A blood group was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with PLC than in those without PLC (24.17% vs. 33.99%, p < 0.001); however, in HCV- and alcohol-related cirrhotic patients, the proportions of ABO blood groups and Rh factor were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

ABO blood groups and Rh factor may not be associated with the presence of PLC in cirrhotic patients.
A bibliometric analysis of exosomes in aging from 2007 to 2023
Authors: Niu Zenghui , Cui Meiyu , Fu Yingkun , Zhou Lingfeng , Wang Jiali , Lei Yan , Fan Xinrong , Wang Qiang , Yang Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Aging is the primary factor contributing to the development of aging-related diseases. As research on exosomes continues to advance, its relationship with aging and aging-related diseases has become a hot topic This article analyzes the research hotspots of exosomes in aging and aging-related diseases, aiming to fill the gap in bibliometric research in this field and help researchers better understand the current status and future trends of both fundamental and clinical research in this field.

Methods

The articles were retrieved and exported from WoSCC on December 18, 2023. The visual analysis of countries and regions, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in exosomes of aging was conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.2.R7, and Bibliometrix.

Results

The bibliometric analysis included 1628 articles. China and the United States emerged as the top two leading countries in this field. A total of 2,321 research institutions from 78 countries and regions were primarily led by China and the United States. Both Kapogiannis D and Goetzl E were active authors in this field. Thery C, Valadi H, and Raposo G were the important promoters in this field. Thery C proposed the method of differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation to extract exosomes. Valadi H discovered cells could send RNA-messages to each other by loading them into exosome-vesicles. The journal with the highest number of articles was International Journal of Molecular Sciences, while PLoS One was the most frequently cited journal. The keyword analysis revealed that future research on exosomes in aging will possibly focus on “inflammation, cellular senescence, angiogenesis, insulin resistance, and Alzheimer's disease.”

Conclusion

We identified the research trends of exosomes in the field of aging through this bibliometric analysis. The present study provides valuable new perspectives on the history and current status of exosomes in the field of aging and aging-related diseases, and also offering guidance for future research directions.
The diagnosis and treatment of 56 cases of breast hamartoma: a single-center analysis and a review of the literature
Authors: Su Hao , Bai Caiyun , Fan Zhimin , Wu Di , Qu Fengjiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

To analyze and summarize the clinical and pathological features of breast hamartoma to enhance clinicians’ awareness of this rare and benign lesion of the breast.

Methods

We retrospectively described the clinical data, imaging results, and pathological findings of 56 patients with breast hamartoma who underwent surgical treatment at the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2005 and December 2020, and summarized the features. Additionally, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed database for clinical reports on breast hamartoma and analyzed them.

Results

This study included 56 female patients. Preoperative ultrasound revealed round or elliptical heterogeneous echoes with clear boundaries: hypoechoic in 35 cases (63%), iso-echoic in 8 cases (14%), hyperechoic in 1 case (2%), mixed echo in 9 cases (16%), slightly strong echo in 1 case (2%), and uneven echo of fat in 2 cases (4%). Mammography was performed in 33 cases, revealing clear and dense shadows in 20 cases (61%) and dense shadows on the outer edges in 16 cases (48%). The excised masses were solid, with light yellow and gray cut surfaces. Pathological analysis identified ducts and fibrous tissue, with intra-tumoral fat content ranging from 10 to 90%.

Conclusion

Breast hamartoma is prevalent among perimenopausal women and is characterized by ultrasound and radiography; surgical intervention remains the primary treatment with a good prognosis.
Melanoma-derived cytokines and extracellular vesicles are interlinked with macrophage immunosuppression
Authors: Suman Shankar , Nevala Wendy K. , Leontovich Alexey A. , Jakub James W. , Geng Liyi , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Markovic Svetomir N.
Published: January 2025

Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating cell communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages are particularly influential in the regulation of immunosuppressive cytokines, thereby supporting tumor metastasis. The upregulation of Th2 cytokines in cancer cells is recognized for its involvement in suppressing anticancer immunity. However, the association between these cytokines and tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) remains poorly understood. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the connection between tumor-promoting macrophages and melanoma-derived EVs. The analysis from altered cytokine profile data showed that melanoma-derived EVs upregulate Th2 cytokine expression in naïve macrophages, thereby contributing to the promotion of tumor-supporting functions. Notably, many of these cytokines were also found to be upregulated in metastatic melanoma patients (n = 30) compared to healthy controls (n = 33). Overall, our findings suggest a strong connection between melanoma secretory EVs and the induction of tumor-associated macrophages that facilitates the development of an immunosuppressive TME, supporting melanoma metastasis through regulation at both local and systemic levels.
Association between fat-soluble vitamin co-exposure patterns and blood pressure in people with hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dai Suming , Wang Ping , Wang Sijia , Chen Hong , Cui Zhixin , Lu Wenhai , Zhou Ziyi , Zhang Nan , Wang Zhuo , Lin Tengfei , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Huang Xiao , Chen Ping , Tang Genfu , Duan Yong , Zhang Hao , Wang Binyan , Yang Yan , Tian Zezhong
Published: January 2025

Background

Existing epidemiological studies investigated the association between a single vitamin and hypertension. However, the potential relationship between the level of circulating multivitamins and blood pressure has not been explored. We aimed to investigate the association between multiple fat-soluble vitamin levels and blood pressure.

Methods

A total of 2052 participants with essential hypertension were sampled nationwide. The plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D, and K) were assessed using liquid chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry method. Participants were categorized into different co-exposure patterns using the unsupervised K-means clustering method. The multiple linear regression model was used for subsequent analyses.

Results

Participants were classified into two co-exposure patterns of fat-soluble vitamins. The levels of vitamins were relatively low in pattern 1, compared to pattern 2. Participants in pattern 2 had no significantly different blood pressure levels compared to pattern 1. However, the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) levels were negatively associated with SBP (logarithmic 10 transformed) (β = −0.002, 95% CI: −0.004, 0); participants in the fourth α-tocopherol quartile had mean SBP levels that were 1.02% (95% CI: 0.43, 1.61%) greater than those in the lowest quartile (p for trend <0.01). In addition, no significant relationships were found between plasma VA/VK concentrations and blood pressure.

Discussion

Although no significant association between fat-soluble vitamin co-exposure patterns and blood pressure was found, further analyses could imply that plasma α-tocopherol levels may offset the potential protective effect of plasma VD3 on blood pressure among hypertensive adults. This provided a novel perspective for exploring the joint effects of fat-soluble vitamins on blood pressure. Further studies are warranted to better understand the implications.
Effects of ultra-processed foods on the liver: insights from gut microbiome and metabolomics studies in rats
Authors: Shi Liping , Li Zhuoyuan , Ma Xiaojun , Wang Junru , Wu Yueping , Zhu Yongbin , Wang Yanrong , Yang Yue , Luo Minxiu , Li Jiangping , Sun Xian , He Shulan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

High consumption of Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been identified as a potential risk factor for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the impact of UPF, which are typical combination of processed foods, on liver health through alterations in gut microbiota and metabolic processes. We aim to examine the potential impact of UPF on liver health and to explore the role of gut microbiota and metabolites.

Methods

This study used Sprague–Dawley rats to mimic modern UPF diets for 90 days. Some serum biochemical indices, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining of the liver, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) of rat feces were detected.

Results

The UPF diet-induced simple steatosis of the liver in rats without affecting the levels of IL-6, GSH, MDA, and SOD. Additionally, it modified the gut microbiota, increasing potentially harmful bacteria, such as norank_f__Desulfovibrionaceae and Staphylococcus, while also elevating the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Dubosiella and Allobaculum. Furthermore, the consumption of UPF led to a metabolomic disorder characterized by disruptions in the sphingolipid signaling pathway, sulfur relay system, and arachidonic acid metabolism.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the consumption of UPF influences the development of simple hepatic steatosis, potentially through alterations in gut microbiota and metabolomics.
Self-organization of the stock exchange to the edge of a phase transition: empirical and theoretical studies
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey , Lebedev Andrey , Kornilov Vasily , Dmitriev Victor
Published: January 2025

Our study is based on the hypothesis that stock exchanges, being nonlinear, open and dissipative systems, are capable of self-organization to the edge of a phase transition. To empirically support the hypothesis, we find segments in hourly stock volume series for 3,000 stocks of publicly traded companies, corresponding to the time of stock exchange’s stay to the edge of a phase transition. We provide a theoretical justification of the hypothesis and present a phenomenological model of stock exchange self-organization to the edge of the first-order phase transition and to the edge of the second-order phase transition. In the model, the controlling parameter is entropy as a measure of uncertainty of information about a share of a public company, guided by which stock exchange players make a decision to buy/sell it. The order parameter is determined by the number of buy/sell transactions by stock exchange players of a public company’s shares, i.e., stock’s volume. By applying statistical tests and the AUC metric, we found the most effective early warning measures from the set of investigated critical deceleration measures, multifractal measures and reconstructed phase space measures. The practical significance of our study is determined by the possibility of early warning of self-organization of stock exchanges to the edge of a phase transition and can be extended with high frequency data in the future research.
Study on improving yield and antioxidant enzyme activities in millet by rationing molybdenum and nitrogen
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Guoliang , Liu Min , Xue HongTao , Zhao PeiYue , Han BaiShu , Fan HuiPing , Wang Rui , Wang LiXia , Guo ErHu , Zhang AiYing
Published: January 2025

The application of appropriate nitrogen and molybdenum fertilizer can improve the growth and development of plants, increase photosynthetic efficiency, regulate active oxygen metabolism in vivo, maintain the oxidation balance required for normal cell growth, enhance the activity of crop antioxidant enzymes and dry matter accumulation, so as to increase crop yield. In order to investigate the effect mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer combined with foliar molybdenum fertilizer on millet yield and antioxidant enzyme activity, two nitrogen application gradients (N0 (0 kg/hm2) and N1 (75 kg/hm2) were set with millet variety Changnong 47 as material. Leaf molybdenum fertilizer Mo0 (0 %), Mo1 (0.1 %), Mo2 (0.2 %), Mo3 (0.3 %) and Mo4 (0.4 %) were sprayed at the joining stage. Photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, dry matter accumulation and yield at the complete ripening stage were measured. After the analysis of significant difference, the results showed that the combined application of molybdenum nitrogen significantly increased the yield of millet, and the maximum yield under the Mo3 treatment was 5869.04 kg/hm2 under the N1 condition, which was 13% higher than that under the no fertilization treatment. The total dry matter accumulation was 36.96 g/ plant, which was 31% higher than that without fertilization. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductivity (gs) increased first and then decreased with the increase of molybdenum fertilizer concentration gradient, and reached the maximum values under N1Mo3 condition, which were 24.77 μmol•m-2•s-1 and 391.33 mol•m-2•s-1, respectively. Application of molybdenum fertilizer can improve the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the test samples. In conclusion, under N1 condition, Mo3 (0.3%) treatment can effectively improve millet yield, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results of this study provided theoretical basis and data support for the application of nitrogen and molybdenum fertilizer in millet production.
Looking to the past to see the future: mother–child future talk following memory sharing in three cultural communities
Authors: Koh Jessie Bee Kim , Wang Qi
Published: January 2025

The present study examined mother–child spontaneous future talk following memory sharing in three cultural communities. Seventy-one European American, 60 Chinese American, and 58 mainland Chinese mothers and their 3-year-old children discussed two past events at home, one positive and one negative. Chinese and Chinese American mothers and children were more likely than European American mothers and children to spontaneously engage in future talk following memory sharing. After discussing negative past events, Chinese and Chinese American mothers and children were more likely than European American mothers and children to engage in didactic talk that emphasized children’s adherence to moral standards, social norms, and behavioral expectations in the future. Conversely, European American mothers were more likely than the two groups of Chinese mothers to engage in autonomous talk that emphasized children’s preferences and opinions regarding the future. Findings are discussed in light of the influence of mother–child conversations as a cultural context on the development of mental time travel and a temporally extended self.
Spatiotemporal models with confounding effects: application on under-five mortality across four sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Chen Ding-Geng , Zewotir Temesgen T. , Rad Najmeh Nakhaei
Published: January 2025

Background

Different strategies have been developed to minimize under-five mortality (U5M) in sub-Saharan African (sSA) countries; however, it is still a major health concern for children in the region. Spatiotemporal modeling is important for areal data collected over time. However, when the number of time points and spatial areas is large and the areas are disconnected, fitting the model becomes computationally complex because of the high number of required parameters to be estimated. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to adopt a spatiotemporal dynamic model that includes the confounding effects between time, space, and their interactions with fixed covariates, with a special emphasis on U5M across disconnected sSA countries.

Method

We used nationally publicly representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for the period from 2000 to 2020. Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical modeling with an integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) program was used to model the spatiotemporal distribution of U5M among children across 37 districts located in four disconnected sSA regions: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Ghana.

Results

A total of 170,356 under-five children from 37 districts were considered, and 15,467 died before the age of five. The relative risk of U5M in the first DHS was 2.02, which sharply decreased to 0.5 in the recent phase. The proportion of improved access to water, sanitation, clean fuel use, urbanization, and access to health facilities in the district had a significant negative association with U5M. The higher the proportion of these covariates, the lower is the prevalence of childhood mortality.

Conclusion

This study revealed evidence of strong spatial, temporal, and interaction effects that influence under-five mortality risk across districts. Improving the women’s literacy index, access to improved water, the use of clean fuel, and the wealth index are associated with an improvement in the risk of mortality among under-five children across the districts. Districts in Nigeria and Ethiopia have the highest risk of U5M; hence, districts in these countries require special attention.
Ronald W. Busuttil, M.D., Ph.D.— TTS 2024 Medawar Prize Laureate
Authors: Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W.
Published: January 2025

The Transplantation Society (TTS) has been presenting the Medawar Prize at its biennial Congresses since 1990 in recognition of Sir Peter Medawar's seminal contributions to organ transplantation. This prestigious award acknowledges individuals for their outstanding accomplishments in experimental and clinical transplantation. On September 25, 2024, I was honored to introduce Ronald W. Busuttil, M.D., Ph.D., as the 2024 Medawar Prize Laureate during the 30th TTS Congress in Istanbul, Turkey. This article highlights the remarkable achievements and critical milestones in Dr. Busuttil's over 40-year career in organ transplantation, which have profoundly advanced scientific knowledge and clinical practice, embodying the true spirit of this accolade.
Healthcare Access vs. Quality Healthcare: Rethinking Healthcare Risks
Authors: Kumah Augustine
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This narrative literature review examines the global burden of mortalities due to poor quality care compared to mortalities resulting from lack of access to healthcare, focusing on the period from 2015 to 2024.

Methods

Data was extracted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ebscohost, and WHO. Relevant statistics on mortality rates due to poor quality care and lack of access to healthcare from the identified data sources were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the mortality rates, with trends analyzed over the 10 years.

Results

The results indicate that while progress in healthcare access has reduced mortality, the lack of corresponding improvements in care quality has led to a rising number of preventable deaths. The findings reveal a consistent decline in mortality due to lack of access. In contrast, mortality due to poor quality care has increased from 5 million in 2015 to an estimated 6 million by 2024, underscoring the persistent challenges in healthcare delivery, including medical errors, misdiagnoses, and inadequate treatment.

Conclusion

Addressing the dual challenges of access and quality is essential for reducing global mortality rates and achieving better health outcomes.
Research on Outdoor Navigation of Intelligent Wheelchair Based on a Novel Layered Cost Map
Authors: Cui Jianwei , Yu Siji , Shang Yucheng , Dai Yuxiang , Zhang Wenyi
Published: January 2025

With the aging of the population and the increase in the number of people with disabilities, intelligent wheelchairs are essential in improving travel autonomy and quality of life. In this paper, we propose an autonomous outdoor navigation framework for intelligent wheelchairs based on hierarchical cost maps to address the challenges of wheelchair navigation in complex and dynamic outdoor environments. First, the framework integrates multi-sensors such as RTK high-precision GPS, IMU, and 3D LIDAR; fuses RTK, IMU, and odometer data to realize high-precision positioning; and performs path planning and obstacle avoidance through dynamic hierarchical cost maps. Secondly, the drivable area layer is integrated into the traditional hierarchical cost map, in which the drivable area detection algorithm utilizes local plane fitting and elevation difference analysis to achieve efficient ground point cloud segmentation and real-time updating, which ensures the real-time safety of navigation. The experiments are validated in real outdoor scenes and simulation environments, and the results show that the speed of drivable region detection is about 30 ms, the positioning accuracy of wheelchair outdoor navigation is less than 10 cm, and the distance of active obstacle avoidance is 1 m. This study provides an effective solution for the autonomous navigation of the intelligent wheelchair in a complex outdoor environment, and it has a high robustness and application potential.
Plant Height Estimation in Corn Fields Based on Column Space Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Huazhe , Liu Nian , Xia Juan , Chen Lejun , Chen Shengde
Published: January 2025

Plant genomics have progressed significantly due to advances in information technology, but phenotypic measurement technology has not kept pace, hindering plant breeding. As maize is one of China’s three main grain crops, accurately measuring plant height is crucial for assessing crop growth and productivity. This study addresses the challenges of plant segmentation and inaccurate plant height extraction in maize populations under field conditions. A three-dimensional dense point cloud was reconstructed using the structure from motion–multi-view stereo (SFM-MVS) method, based on multi-view image sequences captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To improve plant segmentation, we propose a column space approximate segmentation algorithm, which combines the column space method with the enclosing box technique. The proposed method achieved a segmentation accuracy exceeding 90% in dense canopy conditions, significantly outperforming traditional algorithms, such as region growing (80%) and Euclidean clustering (75%). Furthermore, the extracted plant heights demonstrated a high correlation with manual measurements, with R2 values ranging from 0.8884 to 0.9989 and RMSE values as low as 0.0148 m. However, the scalability of the method for larger agricultural operations may face challenges due to computational demands when processing large-scale datasets and potential performance variability under different environmental conditions. Addressing these issues through algorithm optimization, parallel processing, and the integration of additional data sources such as multispectral or LiDAR data could enhance its scalability and robustness. The results demonstrate that the method can accurately reflect the heights of maize plants, providing a reliable solution for large-scale, field-based maize phenotyping. The method has potential applications in high-throughput monitoring of crop phenotypes and precision agriculture.
Effects of Free-Range Systems on Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Welfare Indicators in Geese
Authors: Wang Guoyao , Chen Jianzhou , Guo Yujiao , Weng Kaiqi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yang , Chen Guohong , Xu Qi , Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

Recently, free-range poultry production has increased with notable benefits for animal welfare and meat quality traits. Geese, the third-most productive poultry species, have not been studied extensively. This study investigated the effects of different free-range systems on muscle fiber characteristics and welfare status (feather quality, walking ability, and behavioral changes) in Yangzhou geese. A total of 180 male geese, aged 28 days, were randomly assigned to either a long-distance pasture system (LDPS, approximately 200 m from the geese house) or a short-distance pasture system (SDPS, approximately 50 m from the geese house). The indoor system (IS) treatment was used as a control. And all geese were equipped with pedometers. Daily step counts revealed that the geese took an average of 5777 and 4520 steps in the LDPS and SDPS, respectively, whereas only 2736 steps in the IS. Although no significant differences were observed in the muscle fiber types among the three systems, free-range systems contributed to more developed muscle fibers than the IS. In addition, thicker muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscles were observed in the LDPS group than in the SDPS group. Additionally, feather cleanliness and damage were evaluated. LDPS resulted in significantly cleaner feathers on the chest, abdomen, and back than the IS. Furthermore, geese in the free-range systems had less feather damage than those in the IS. Notably, pasture systems allowed for natural behaviors, such as single-foot standing, feather pecking, and walking, regardless of grazing distance. Taken together, these results show that the muscle fibers of geese in the free-range system were more developed. Simultaneously, increasing the amount of exercise for geese will improve their welfare, which is beneficial to their health, growth, and development, and provides a technical reference for the free-range breeding system for geese.
Comparison of the Anesthetic Effects of Alfaxalone Combined with Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine in Captive Formosa Serows (Capricornis swinhoei)
Authors: Chang Li-Jen , Ishihara Toshitsugu , Lien Chen-Yeh , Chen Kuan-Sheng
Published: January 2025

Formosan serows are an endemic species in Taiwan. Alfaxalone, a γ-aminobutyric acidA agonist, induces or maintains anesthesia in various veterinary species with reported potential adverse effects of respiratory depression and tachycardia. α2-Adrenoceptor agonists exert sedative and muscle relaxation effects, along with substantial cardiovascular adverse effects. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anesthetic effects of alfaxalone combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine (AX vs. AD, respectively) in Formosan serows. In this randomized, masked study, AX was administered to four serows, and AD was administered to five serows intramuscularly via blow dart. The time and score of induction and recovery were recorded. Post-intubation, isoflurane was administered for maintenance anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral saturation of oxygenation (SpO2), rectal temperature (RT), and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) were recorded every five to eight minutes. Atipamezole and tolazoline were administered to antagonize dexmedetomidine and xylazine post-procedure, respectively. Both combinations allowed smooth induction and recovery. The AD group exhibited significantly lower HR and SpO2 and significantly higher RT and EtCO2 than the AX group (both p < 0.01). The AD-treated serows exhibited notable muscle rigidity after induction and significant hypoventilation and hypoxemia during the procedure. Although alfaxalone combined with dexmedetomidine or xylazine can produce satisfactory induction and recovery in Formosa serows, notable hypoxemia and hypoventilation are induced by the alfaxalone–dexmedetomidine combination compared to the alfaxalone–xylazine combination.
Antioxidant Synergy in a Mixture of Powder Plant Leaves and Effects on Metabolic Profile, Oxidative Status and Intestinal Morpho-Histochemical Features of Laying Hens
Authors: D’Alessandro Angela Gabriella , Di Luca Alessio , Desantis Salvatore , Martemucci Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Phenolic antioxidant intake is encouraged to prevent oxidative damage, and antioxidant synergy is considered an advantage in adding polyphenols from varied plants. This study investigated the antioxidant and synergistic interactions among olive leaf (OL), bay laurel (BL), and rosemary (RL) leaf powder mixture (LPM: OL + BL + RL), using in vitro chemical tests [TPC, ORAC, TEAC-ABTS, FRAP; combination index (CI)], and in vivo validation on blood oxidative status, metabolic profile, and intestinal histomorphology in laying hens. The in vitro study indicated a whole higher antioxidant capacity for the LPM than respective single/double-leave combinations. The LPM CI value (IC50, 0.60) indicated a synergistic effect compared to the binary combinations. Thus, the LPM was validated in vivo through dietary supplementation on sixty Lohmann Brown hens (30 weeks old), reared in an indoor–outdoor rearing system divided. The hens were allocated into two experimental groups (n. 30): basal control diet group; and diet supplemented group with 6 g/kg feed of LPM) containing OL, BL, and RL (respectively, at 65.7%:18.9%:15.4%), for 60 days. The LPM improved (p < 0.05) the oxidative status (TAS, FRAP; ROMs, TBARs) and vitamin E level, metabolic and immunological profiles, and it induced region-specific changes in the morphology and carbohydrate composition of mucins along intestinal tracts of the animals. These findings could provide a valuable strategy for identifying synergistic combinations in functional feed formulations for laying hens.
Controlling Oral Polymicrobial Biofilm Using Usnic Acid on the Surface of Titanium in the Artificial Saliva Media
Authors: Tabassum Nazia , Khan Fazlurrahman , Jeong Geum-Jae , Oh Do Kyung , Kim Young-Mog
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Titanium dental implants, while highly successful, face challenges due to polymicrobial infections leading to peri-implantitis and implant failure. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces is the primary cause of these infections, with factors such as matrix production and cross-kingdom interactions contributing to the microbial accumulation of bacterial and fungal pathogens species. To combat this issue, naturally derived molecules have been reported to overcome the hurdle of antimicrobial resistance against the application of conventional antibiotics and antifungals. Methods: The present study aimed to employ the lichen-derived molecules, usnic acid (UA), to retard the development of biofilms of bacterial and fungal pathogens on the surface of titanium kept in the human artificial saliva (HAS) working as a growth-supporting, host-mimicking media. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration of UA in HAS towards Candida albicans was >512 µg/mL, whereas against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, it was determined to be 512 µg/mL. Whereas, in the standard growth media, the MIC value of UA towards S. mutans and S. aureus were 8 and 16 µg/mL; however, against C. albicans, it was 512 µg/mL. UA synergistically enhanced the efficacy of the antibiotics toward bacterial pathogens and the efficacy of antifungals against C. albicans. The antibiofilm results depict the fact that in the HAS, UA significantly reduced both mono-species of S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans and mixed-species biofilm of C. albicans with S. mutans and S. aureus on the surface of the titanium. Conclusions: The present study showed that UA is a promising natural drug that can control oral polymicrobial disease as a result of the application of dental implants.
Discoloration Characteristics of Mechanochromic Sensors in RGB and HSV Color Spaces and Displacement Prediction
Authors: Choi Woo-Joo , Yang Myongkyoon , You Ilhwan , Yoon Yong-Sik , Ryu Gum-Sung , An Gi-Hong , Yoon Jae Sung
Published: January 2025

Mechanochromic sensors are promising for structural health monitoring as they can visually monitor the deformation caused by discoloration. Most studies have focused on the large deformation problems over 100% strain; however, it is necessary to investigate the discoloration characteristics in a small deformation range to apply it to engineering structures, such as reinforced concrete. In this study, a photonic crystal-based discoloration sensor was investigated to determine the discoloration characteristics of the red, green, and blue (RGB) as well as hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color spaces according to displacement levels. B and S showed the highest sensitivity and linear discoloration at displacements < 1 mm, whereas R and H showed significant discoloration characteristics at displacements > 1 mm. The Vision Transformer model based on RGB and HSV channels was linearly predictable up to 4 mm displacement with an accuracy of R2 0.89, but errors were found at the initial displacement within 2 mm.
In-Depth Exploration of Advanced Settings in Personalized Automation of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Using Reference Datasets
Authors: Paolani Giulia , Santoro Miriam , Strolin Silvia , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Strigari Lidia
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The personalized planning engine in Pinnacle Evolution (version 16.4.3) for automated treatment planning incorporates the feasibility of DVH using several advanced optimization parameters that are generally empirically determined. Materials and Methods: Using the head and neck (HNCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) cases available from the AAPM TG-244 and the VMAT technique using an Elekta Versa HD LINAC, the role of the advanced optimization parameters has been investigated after identifying clinical goals. Plan complexity indexes were calculated using LINAC WATCH software v. 3.6 (Qualiformed, La Roche-sur-Yon, FRA) and correlated to dose distributions and dosimetric evaluations. Moreover, the plan deliverability was assessed using gamma (γ)-index analysis. Results: One hundred sixty plans were optimized (eighty per district). Out of the calculated ones, 88% and 100% were deliverable for HNCa and PCa, respectively, and 68% resulted in a γ-index ≥ 95% for both districts. Conclusions: Ad hoc measurements allowed us to identify a robust subset of acceptable input parameters based on γ-index passing rate criteria. Our approach identified advanced parameters to exploit the capability of the personalized planning engine of Pinnacle Evolution to be incorporated into the planning templates for HNCa and PCa radiotherapy planning.
Multi-GPU Acceleration for Finite Element Analysis in Structural Mechanics
Authors: Herrero-Pérez David , Martínez-Barberá Humberto
Published: January 2025

This work evaluates the computing performance of finite element analysis in structural mechanics using modern multi-GPU systems. We can avoid the usual memory limitations when using one GPU device for many-core computing using multiple GPUs for scientific computing. We use a GPU-awareness MPI approach implementing a suitable smoothed aggregation multigrid for preconditioning an iterative distributed conjugate gradient solver for GPU computing. We evaluate the performance and scalability of different models, problem sizes, and computing resources. We take an efficient multi-core implementation as the reference to assess the computing performance of the numerical results. The numerical results show the advantages and limitations of using distributed many-core architectures to address structural mechanics problems.
Formation and Precipitation Processes of the Southwest Vortex Impacted by the Plateau Vortex
Authors: Bai Aijuan , Bai Jinfeng , Wang Zhao , Tu Chaoyong
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the source, trajectory, and precipitation of the Southwest (SW) vortex, which was linked with the Plateau (P) vortex. Based on the statistical study of a number of cases, this study showed the following results. The SW vortex tended to originate at the northeastern and western peripheries of the Sichuan Basin, normally coinciding with the presence of the P vortices in the eastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. Most of the aforementioned vortices exhibited a longer life span, and resulted in severe storms averaging approximately 50 mm of rainfall per day, especially in the cases of more than 100 mm of rainfall per day in eastern and southern China. Furthermore, new findings were obtained: (1) The SW vortex and the P vortex were attributed from an ‘Ω’ circulation pattern from blocking high in middle to high latitudes region. The SW vortex was notably influenced by the convergence of two air currents. In the lower troposphere, the southwesterly jet of the South Asian monsoon flowed over and around the Yungui Plateau, and cold–dry air from the north flowed into the Basin. (2) Both the SW vortex and the P vortex displayed a shallow synoptic system characterized below 500 hPa, and wet–cold cores formed around the sources at low altitudes. (3) The analysis on atmospheric instability and dynamics suggested that the vortices’ eddies generated significant convective instability at lower levels. The circulation pattern and instability conditions facilitated the heavy precipitation associated with the SW vortex, and the ample water vapor and subsequent latent heat intensified the precipitation.
Existence and Attractivity of Mild Solutions for Fractional Diffusion Equations Involving the Regularized ψ-Hilfer Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Wang Luyao , Jin Yuhang , He Wenchang , Mu Jia
Published: January 2025

The regularized ψ-Hilfer derivative within the sense of Caputo is an improved version of the ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative, primarily because it addresses the issue where the initial conditions of problems involving the ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative lack clear physical significance unless p=1. This article’s main contribution is the use of the ψ-Laplace transform, which is the first to provide an explicit expression for mild solutions to the fractional diffusion equations with the regularized ψ-Hilfer derivative. Additionally, we investigate the existence and attractivity of mild solutions for fractional diffusion equations involving the regularized ψ-Hilfer fractional derivatives. Finally, we provide two examples to illustrate our main results.
Endogenesis and Externalization: Configurational Influence of Learning Engagement Among Chinese University Students Majoring in Tourism
Authors: Yu Fenglong , Chen Qian , Hou Bing
Published: January 2025

Learning engagement among university students is a critical predictor of academic success. This study, drawing on responses from 333 questionnaires completed by Chinese tourism students, employs the fsQCA method to construct a configurational impact model of learning engagement, exploring the paths and mechanisms of its influence. The study finds that learning engagement among tourism students is shaped by the combined influence of internal and external factors, with internal factors—such as professional cognition, professional evaluations, professional emotions, and academic self-efficacy—playing a foundational and central role. External factors, such as the university environment, provide additional influence, though their impact varies depending on the type of learning engagement. A high level of learning engagement is associated with two distinct configurational paths, identified as the endogenous model and the endogenous–exogenous promotion model. Having positive professional evaluations and a strong professional identity is found to have a significant positive impact on students’ academic engagement. Conversely, a low level of learning engagement follows three distinct configurational paths, collectively termed the endogenous suppression model, in which a lack of professional emotions and low academic self-efficacy are key inhibitors of academic engagement. Theoretical and practical implications based on the research findings are also discussed.
Correction: Panneerselvam et al. Inflammatory Mediators and Gut Microbial Toxins Drive Colon Tumorigenesis by IL-23 Dependent Mechanism. Cancers 2021, 13, 5159
Authors: Panneerselvam Janani , Madka Venkateshwar , Rai Rajani , Morris Katherine T. , Houchen Courtney W. , Chandrakesan Parthasarathy , Rao Chinthalapally V.
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Degradation Mechanisms: A Succinct Review
Authors: Okonkwo Paul C.
Published: January 2025

Increasing demand for clean energy power generation is a direct result of the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the volatility of fossil commodity prices, and the environmental damage caused by burning fossil fuels. Fuel cell vehicles, portable power supplies, stationary power stations, and submarines are just some of the applications where proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a prominent technology for power generation. PEM fuel cells have several advantages over conventional power sources, including a higher power density, lower emissions, a lower operating temperature, higher efficiency, noiseless operation, ease of design, and operation. The catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly is discussed in this paper as a vital part of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Along with that, the platinum (Pt)-based catalyst, carbon support, and nafion ionomer found in the catalyst layer often degrade. Catalyst growth, agglomeration, Pt loss, migration, active site contamination, and other microscopic processes are all considered in the degradation process. Employing experimental and numerical research with a focus on enhancing the material properties was suggested as a possible solution to understanding the problem of catalyst layer degradation. Ultimately, this review aims to prevent catalyst layer degradation and lower the high costs associated with replacing catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells through the recommendations provided in this study.
A Review of the Application of Metal-Based Heterostructures in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Luo Yichao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Yaru , Zheng Yalong , Jiang Xinyu , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yi , Liu Xiang , Wang Zhoulu , Fang Baizeng
Published: January 2025

Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries are recognized as a promising alternative in the energy storage domain due to their high theoretical energy density, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges such as polysulfide dissolution, the low conductivity of sulfur, and limited cycling stability hinder their widespread application. To address these issues, the incorporation of heterostructured metallic substrates into Li-S batteries has emerged as a pivotal strategy, enhancing electrochemical performance by facilitating better adsorption and catalysis. This review delineates the modifications made to the cathode and separator of Li-S batteries through metallic heterostructures. We categorize the heterostructures into three classifications: single metals and metal compounds, MXene materials paired with metal compounds, and heterostructures formed entirely of metal compounds. Each category is systematically examined for its contributions to the electrochemical behavior and efficiency of Li-S batteries. The performance of these heterostructures is evaluated in both the cathode and separator contexts, revealing significant improvements in lithium-ion conductivity and polysulfide retention. Our findings suggest that the strategic design of metallic heterostructures can not only mitigate the inherent limitations of Li-S batteries but also pave the way for the development of high-performance energy storage systems.
Evaluation of AI-Powered Routine Screening of Clinically Acquired cMRIs for Incidental Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Schmidt Christina Carina , Stahl Robert , Mueller Franziska , Fischer Thomas David , Forbrig Robert , Brem Christian , Isik Hakan , Seelos Klaus , Thon Niklas , Stoecklein Sophia , Liebig Thomas , Rueckel Johannes
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To quantify the clinical value of integrating a commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for intracranial aneurysm detection in a screening setting that utilizes cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) scans acquired primarily for other clinical purposes. Methods: A total of 907 consecutive cMRI datasets, including time-of-flight-angiography (TOF-MRA), were retrospectively identified from patients unaware of intracranial aneurysms. cMRIs were analyzed by a commercial AI algorithm and reassessed by consultant-level neuroradiologists, who provided confidence scores and workup recommendations for suspicious findings. Patients with newly identified findings (relative to initial cMRI reports) were contacted for on-site consultations, including cMRI follow-up or catheter angiography. The number needed to screen (NNS) was defined as the cMRI quantity that must undergo AI screening to achieve various clinical endpoints. Results: The algorithm demonstrates high sensitivities (100% for findings >4 mm in diameter), a 17.8% MRA alert rate and positive predictive values of 11.5–43.8% (depending on whether inconclusive findings are considered or not). Initial cMRI reports missed 50 out of 59 suspicious findings, including 13 certain intradural aneurysms. The NNS for additionally identifying highly suspicious and therapeutically relevant (unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment scores balanced or in favor of treatment) findings was 152. The NNS for recommending additional follow-/workup imaging (cMRI or catheter angiography) was 26, suggesting an additional up to 4% increase in imaging procedures resulting from a preceding AI screening. Conclusions: AI-powered routine screening of cMRIs clearly lowers the high risk of incidental aneurysm non-reporting but results in a substantial burden of additional imaging follow-up for minor or inconclusive findings.