bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professor Aleksandr Matveevich Karyakin (on the 100th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Melnikov M. V. , Ivanov M. A. , Susla P. A. , Panfilov P. V.
Published: September 2022

August 4, 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of professor, doctor of medical sciences Aleksandr Matveevich Karyakin. Aleksandr Matveevich graduated from the Naval Medical Academy (NMA) in 1945. In 1978, A.M. Karyakin was elected to the post of head of the Department of General Surgery of Leningrad Sanitary and Hygienic Medical Institute - now North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. During the years of the clinic's leadership, his natural qualities, organizational abilities and breadth of academic interests were especially clearly manifested. Unprecedented dedication, extremely responsible attitude to the work were the main features of Professor A.M. Karyakin.
Angiographic index of myocardial viability in patients with different duration of occlusive coronary lesion
Authors: Yaitskiy N. A. , Zverev O. G. , Voynov A. V. , Lazarev S. M.
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION. Evaluation of myocardial viability in chronic coronary occlusion determines the feasibility of revascularization of this zone.

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the significance of the angiographic index in determining the viability of the myocardium at various times after occlusion of the coronary artery.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. 156 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with chronic coronary occlusion according to coronary angiography (CG) were examined and treated during the period from 2012 to 2021. All patients underwent endovascular recanalization of chronic coronary occlusion. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the time of coronary occlusion (up to 3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, more than 9 months) The results of recanalization were compared to the preoperative evaluation of myocardial viability based on the volume of collateral blood flow (Renrop score).

RESULTS. The angiographic index of non-viable myocardium was highly specific from the first months in all observation groups (77, 94, 97, 97.5 %), however, its sensitivity had diagnostic value only in patients with occlusion duration of more than 6 months (80 % or more).

CONCLUSION. The diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity) of detecting non-viable myocardium based on retrograde collateral blood flow is significant for occlusion duration of more than 6 months. Refusal of revascularization based on the absence of retrograde blood flow during the first 6 months after coronary occlusion is not correct.
The use of dual mobility endoprostheses in patients with unsatisfactory outcomes of trochanteric fractures fixed with a sliding hip screw system (SHS)
Authors: Tsed A. N. , Mushtin N. E. , Dulaev A. K. , Schmeljev A. V.
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the results of using dual mobility endoprostheses in patients with unsatisfactory outcomes of osteosynthesis of trochanteric fractures using a sliding hip screw system.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. A single-center, retrospective, randomized study was conducted in 60 patients with unfavorable consequences of osteosynthesis of the proximal femur with the DHS system. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 31 (51.6 %) patients who were implanted with standard cemented acetabular components. The second group included 29 (48.4 %) patients who were implanted with cement-retained dual mobility endoprostheses. We assessed the functional state using the Oxford Hip Score, the level of pain on the visual analogue scale, the degree of disability, the duration of the operation, blood loss, the nature and structure of complications, the frequency of revision interventions.

RESULTS. The functional state on the Oxford score did not have significant differences between the groups, amounting to 41.7 points after 12 months. The level of pain syndrome did not differ significantly between the groups, amounting to 0.4 points after 12 months. The average volume of intraoperative blood loss was 629.2 ml, which is significantly higher in comparison with standard primary arthroplasty. In the 1st group, there were significantly higher rates of dislocations (6 patients or 19.35 %). The relative risk of endoprosthesis dislocation was 5.8. A total of 5 (8.34 %) infectious complications were noted in both study groups, which is significantly higher in comparison with the results of primary arthroplasty among patients without previous fractures. According to the degree of disability, there was no significant difference between the groups after 12 months. The average score was 2.06 points.

CONCLUSION. In conversion hip arthroplasty using standard acetabular components, a greater number of orthopedic complications (25.81 %) are noted. The use of dual mobility slightly increases the duration of arthroplasty without causing an increase in blood loss or the number of infectious complications. The frequency of dislocations in conversion arthroplasty using standard implants is 19.3 %.
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias in patients with closed chest and abdominal trauma
Authors: Bykov V. P. , Pavlov K. O. , Mordovskii E. A. , Fedoseev V. F. , Korobitsyn A. P. , Beliaev A. A. , Karelskii G. M.
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE of the study was the pathomorphological features, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of diaphragm ruptures in closed trunk trauma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. We prospectively studied diaphragmatic ruptures in 35 hospitalized patients with blunt trunk trauma and diaphragmatic defects in 9 patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, previously not recognized in other hospitals. Damage severity was assessed using the MFS-D (MI) scale; statistical data were processed using the WinPepi program: calculation of the boundaries of 95 % CI of medium and extensive values using the fisher method.

RESULTS. Diaphragmatic ruptures were observed in 3.25 % of the victims. Damage to the left side occurred 2.4 times more often than the right side; on the left, they were mainly localized in the lumbar and adjacent costal parts. The average length of the rupture of the right half was 13.5, the left half was 9.8 (2-25) cm. More often, the greater omentum, colon, liver and stomach fell into the pleural cavity. During the first day, 2/3 of diaphragm ruptures were diagnosed, mainly during thoracotomy and laparotomy due to bleeding. Missing a rupture of the left half of the diaphragm was allowed at 6 laparotomies. Mortality rate was 31.4 %, the main causes were acute blood loss, severe brain damage; 2 out of 11 deaths were due to a complicated course of an unrecognized diaphragmatic rupture. All patients with chronic diaphragmatic hernia recovered after surgery.

CONCLUSION. Diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture in severe trunk injury on the first day is difficult, radiation methods: radiography, MSCT, ultrasound are not informative enough. When performing diagnostic studies and abdominal operations, it is necessary to study the diaphragm. Repeated survey radiography and MSCT of the chest during the first three weeks of inpatient treatment of the victim increases the detection of acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
Modern educational technologies at the departments of surgery
Authors: Bogomolov N. I. , Goncharov A. G. , Kashafeeva A. A.
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to show the effectiveness of multilevel situational tasks in the generalization and analysis of personal and collegial experience of surgeons.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. Research and evaluation of archival materials of surgical departments and multilevel situational tasks created on their basis.

RESULTS. More than 100 surgical case histories have been analyzed, the results of which have been published in two volumes. Professional retraining and/or thematic certification development for 15 years (2002-2017) was received by surgeons, endoscopists, coloproctologists, transfusiologists and thoracic surgeons, more than 713 people in total, as well as interns - 119 people, residents - 104, postgraduate students - 3 and doctoral students - 2. A total of 941 people, including doctors of other specialties and foreign trainees.

CONCLUSION. The work clearly demonstrates that it is impossible to separate university and postgraduate education, this process is continuous, it is one and indivisible, consistent and continuous. We have presented one of the pedagogical techniques in the form of multilevel situational tasks, which allows us to solve many educational and methodological issues.
KMT5A Knockdown Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis Through Ꞵ-Catenin Signalling
Authors: Zhang Jin , An Jiangdong , Wang Zhaoheng , Wang Keping , Liang Wanling , Liu Xiangyu , Zhou Haiyu , Zhang Haihong , Wang Shuankev
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant solid bone tumor in children and young adults. We aimed to investigate the effects and cellular mechanisms of KMT5A on OS cell activity.Methods: The protein expression was evaluated in the clinical normal, adjacent and OS osteogenic tissues. Knockdown of KMT5A was achieved by KMT5A siRNAs in a human OS cell line, MG63, to detect cell proliferation and metastasis.Results: KMT5A expression was upregulated in clinical OS tissues. Knockdown of KMT5A inhibited cell proliferation but enhanced cell death, with significantly reduced cyclinD1 and Bcl2 and increased cleaved-caspase9 levels. KMT5A knockdown also suppressed OS cell migration and invasion capacity and deceased MMP3 and vimentin expression. β-catenin levels were upregulated in OS tissues and blocking KMT5A resulted in a significant decline in β-catenin expression in the OS cells. Further administration of β-catenin activator remarkably increased protein levels of KMT5A, cyclinD1, Bcl2, MMP3, and vimentin, which showed reversed effects of KMT5A knockdown on OS cell activity.Conclusion: KMT5A knockdown plays an inhibitory role in OS cell proliferation and metastasis through β-catenin signalling, which provides basic evidence and suggests potential targets for OS therapeutic research.
Modeling the Mexican Confidence and Mexican Stock Sectors with PLS-SEM
Authors: Mariné Osorio Fernando José , González Núñez José Carlos
Published: September 2022

The study aims to model the evolution of stock prices and consumer/enterprise confidence index using the PLS-SEM path method to approach their behavior through different types of constructs. Furthermore, different construct sectors are analyzed using the most important enterprises of the Mexican Stock Index, modeling as explanatory variables confidence and macroeconomic single and non-single constructs. The PLS-SEM path model has arrived as a modeling option to be used in financial and economic sciences due to its numerous virtues in statistical assumptions. This research concludes that the Mexican Stock Market can be studied with constructs, improving flexibility and exploratory using different validity measures.
National security in the light of the organic theory of the State
Authors: Melikhov Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: September 2022

The article examines the phenomenon of national security through the prism of the organic theory of state and law. According to the author, national security is a projection of a person's vital needs for self-preservation, self-maintenance and self-reproduction of the multinational people of Russia. The novelty of this statement lies in the expansion of the traditional approach to the concept of security by the needs of self-maintenance and self-reproduction. The object of ensuring national security is the multinational people of the Russian Federation, which currently exists in the form of an individual, society and the state, in the past as a national history, culture, values, in the future - as a steadily developing independent subject of international relations. The main role of the national security is to find an optimal compromise between the interests of ensuring the security of the currently existing individuals, society and the state for the purpose of self-preservation, self-maintenance and self-reproduction of the multinational people of the Russian Federation in the past, present and future. The multinational people of the Russian Federation were formed as a result of the cultural and biological evolution of people with an optimal balance of altruistic and selfish behavior. Preserving and multiplying the population of people with these innate and acquired properties, as well as maintaining proportions between population groups with different ideological attitudes to perform a wide range of tasks is one of the first tasks of ensuring national security, normatively expressed as saving the people of the Russian Federation. The emergence of the institute of national security in law is connected with the need to harmonize the legal virtuality created over the past 30 years with human nature and objective geopolitical reality. The appeal to the institute of national security will lead to the creation of a national order, as enshrined in law, perceived by all and implemented in the present optimal algorithm of behavior of the individual, society and the state, ensuring the preservation of the past and sustainable development in the future of the multinational people of the Russian Federation.
Telescoping pipeline vantage embolization devices with shield technology for the treatment of a giant, symptomatic dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysm
Authors: Hackett Ashia M. , Luther Evan M. , Walker Ariel P. , Burks Joshua , Lu Victor M. , Silva Michael A. , Starke Robert M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysms are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Treatment strategies are often reserved for patients with severe and progressive symptoms.

Case Description:

A patient in their 40s with a dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysm developed significant progression of the lesion and neurologic decline, necessitating treatment. He underwent flow diversion utilizing multiple telescoping Pipeline Vantage Embolization Devices with Shield Technology for treatment. At 1-year follow-up, the aneurysm was stable in size and the patient remained at his neurologic baseline.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the need for continued development of next-generation endovascular devices as these aneurysms have limited management options.
Lumbar cistern Candida intradural abscess following epidural anesthesia
Authors: Santangelo Gabrielle , Stone Jonathan , Johnson Mahlon , Walter Kevin
Published: September 2022

Background:

This report describes a case of an immunocompetent patient with an intradural abscess from Candida dubliniensis. The majority of fungal spine infections, although rare in general, are due to Aspergillus or C. albicans through systemic fungemia. To date, there have only been two reports of spondylodiscitis from C. dubliniensis.

Case Description:

A 37-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented to the neurosurgical service for worsening headaches with nausea, vomiting, vision changes, and weight loss. MRI studies showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement of the distal spinal cord, conus medullaris, and nerve roots of the cauda equina extending beyond the neural foramina bilaterally. She had persistent symptoms and no clear diagnosis on lumbar puncture or systemic testing therefore L5-S1 laminectomy for an intradural tissue biopsy was performed. During surgery, cultures were taken and grew colonies of C. dubliniensis.

Conclusion:

This organism has been reported rarely in the literature as being an infectious agent, thus diagnosing remains a challenge but should be considered in patients with a suggestive history.
Effects of temperature and storage time on bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate bottles into water: Analysis using UV-visible spectrophotometric method.
Authors: Uche Godwin Edor , Gillian Igbum Ogbene
Published: September 2022

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received widespread attention over the years due to their deleterious effects on human health. Bisphenol A (BPA) - a monomer used globally in producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is a prototypic EDC that has received widespread attention due to its estrogenic activity. BPA has been detected in human serum, urine, amniotic fluid, placenta tissues, and umbilical cord blood. Its presence in the human population has been ascribed to consuming BPA-contaminated food due to its migration from polycarbonate plastics. However, little is known about the inimical health hazard of BPA migrating from polycarbonate bottles into food or drinks in Nigeria and how temperature and storage duration can influence its migration into any contact media. To address this problem, we scrutinized the effect of storage time and temperature on BPA migration from 3 selected polycarbonate water bottles and a brand of polycarbonate baby feeding bottles into a mixture of methanol and water in Makurdi, Nigeria, using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method. We measured detectable levels of BPA right from day 1 at room temperature, suggesting a positive correlation between BPA release and residual BPA in the PC bottles. The amount of BPA migrated was in the range of (0.030 ± 0.012) ng/mL (day 1 at room temperature) to (5.620 ± 0.650) ng/mL (day 10 at 60 °C) for the 3 brands of polycarbonate feeding bottles and (0.080 ± 0.010) ng/mL (day 1 at room temperature) to (4.300 ± 0.100) ng/mL (day 10 at 60 °C) for a brand of polycarbonate water bottles studied. Both temperature and duration of storage generously influenced the migration of BPA exponentially. However, our study identified temperature as the dominant significant factor that enhanced the migration of BPA from PC bottles into the water. Therefore, it is safer for consumers to store foods in BPA-free bottles to avert health risks related to ingestion of BPA.
Functionalized Hybrid Cycloolefin Ligand as a New Solution to Ortho-Constraint in the Catellani-Type Reaction
Authors: Wang Feng-Yuan , Li Yu-Xiu , Jiao Lei
Published: September 2022

The Catellani reaction, i.e. the Pd/NBE cooperative catalysis, has been evolved into a versatile approach to multisubstituted arenes via the ortho-functionalization/ipso-termination process of a haloarene. Despite significant advances over the past 25 years, this reaction still suffered from an intrinsic limitation in the substitution pattern of the aryl halide, referred to as “ortho-constraint”. When an ortho substituent is absent, the haloarene substrate often fails to undergo effective mono ortho-functionalization process, and either NBE-embedded byproducts or ortho-difunctionalization products predominate. To tackle this challenge, structurally-modified NBEs (smNBEs) have been developed, which were proved effective for the mono ortho-aminative, -acylative, and -arylative Catellani reactions of ortho-unsubstituted haloarenes. However, the smNBE strategy is incompetent for solving the ortho-constraint in Catellani reactions with ortho-alkylation, and to date there lacks a general solution to this challenging but synthetically useful transformation. Recently, our group developed the Pd/olefin cooperative catalysis, in which an unstrained hybrid cycloolefin ligand served as a covalent catalytic module to enable the ortho-alkylative Catellani reaction without an NBE mediator. In this work, we show that this chemistry could afford a new solution to ortho-constraint in the Catellani reaction. A functionalized hybrid cycloolefin ligand bearing an amide group as the internal base was designed, which allowed for mono ortho-alkylative Catellani reaction of iodoarenes suffering from ortho-constraint before. Mechanistic study revealed that the newly designed ligand is capable of both accelerating the C−H activation and inhibiting side reactions, which accounts for its superior performance. The present work showcased the uniqueness of the Pd/olefin cooperative catalysis as well as the power of rational ligand design in metal catalysis.
From Particle-in-a-Box Thought Experiment to a Complete Quantum Theory?
Authors: Chen Jixin
Published: September 2022

It is an unavoidable question raised by Albert Einstein if quantum theory is complete. In this manuscript, I speculated that the energy density distributions along space and time in a quantum system are uniform according to the 1st law of thermodynamics. Thus, the complementary energy contributions are added to the classical solutions of the 1D particle in a box problem, making the energy density a complex distribution function over space and time. Then the concept is extended to the free rotation problem with a Hamiltonian slightly different than the classical Schrödinger equation. The picturized energy distribution functions and associated time evolution are described in movies for comparison between example classical wave functions and the energy density functions. The wave functions for the hydrogen atom are then guessed based on the historical solutions. Can this assumption on energy distribution and the poor math in this manuscript lead to a complete quantum theory?
Water level monitoring system using GSM network
Authors: Jadaalli Sreedhar , Rajesh S. , K. Nikhil Sai , CH. Kalyan Ram , Nivedhita B.
Published: September 2022

Unexpected water shortages are common, especially in densely populated areas and homes. Water supply is carried out from a reservoir located on the roof of the building. Apparently, there is no early warning system that allows monitoring of the water level in the tank at a critical level. This situation occurs when there is no one to monitor the water level. People face such problems when the need for water is greater and when there is a large crowd of people. This paper proposes a solution for a water monitoring system using a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network to avoid such manual control problems. In this prototype, a water level message will be sent to a person whose mobile phone is connected to the GSM network so that the water level in the tank can be monitored and known. The pumping system automatically switches off when the water reaches its maximum level.
ПРОЦЕСС ПРИНЯТИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТОВ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ИНФОСТРУКТУРЫ
Authors: Шугаев Максим Олегович
Published: September 2022

В статье рассмотрены вопросы принятия инвестиционных решений при реализации проектов в области промышленной инфраструктуры. С целью принятия наиболее эффективных инвестиционных решений в практике менеджмента широко используются матрицы бизнес-стратегий компаний General Elektric и McKinsey. С целью совершенствования и улучшения процесса принятия инвестиционных решений предложено учитывать показатели стоимости рассматриваемых инвестиционных проектов и оценивать их влияние на стоимость предприятия, на котором эти проекты планируется реализовать, а также расширить критерии оценки инвестиционных решений по матрице McKinsey, добавив к их числу показатель итоговой рыночной стоимости предприятия.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К УПРАВЛЕНИЮ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: Идзиев Гаджимурад Идзиевич
Published: September 2022

Цель работы. Современная оценка уровня решения проблем территориального развития в Российской Федерации наглядно показывает, что остаются нерешенными целый ряд проблем, такие, как: переход на новую модель управления, основанную на конкуренции; разграничение и определение полномочий органов власти в иерархической системе управления; системность функционирования и координация отдельных элементов механизма управления региональной экономикой и др. Метод или методология проведения работы. В статье приводятся данные о неоправданно высокой степени различия российских регионов по основным социально-экономическим показателям, свидетельствующие о неэффективности государственной политики пространственного развития. На основе анализа современных теорий регионального развития выделены их положительные и отрицательные стороны. Результаты. Региональная дифференциация дает возможность для выдвижения гипотезы о специфичности траектории регионального развития, которая должна учитывать ресурсный, институциональный и структурный потенциалы, а также необходимость разработки отдельных стратегий для различных типов регионов. Выводы. В современных политических условиях санкций, закрытия границ и ограничения импорта технологичной продукции для отсталых регионов, которых подавляющее большинство в стране, открывается возможность инновационного развития и обеспечения конкурентоспособности экономики на основе новой индустриализации. Новая индустриализация для таких регионов в данном случае может рассматриваться как инструмент политики пространственного регулирования.
МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАН В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Абдулманапов Пирмагомед Габибуллаевич
Published: September 2022

Целью исследования является изучение особенностей миграционного поведения населения Республики Дагестан и выявление социально-экономических и психологических причин, формирующих миграционные установки трудоспособных групп населения региона. В процессе исследования использовались методы научного познания: анкетного, статистического, экономико-математического моделирования. Информационную базу исследования составили данные официальной статистики и материалы социологического обследования населения. Выборочное социологическое обследование проведено путем анкетного опроса. Для этого был разработан инструментарий, позволяющий провести анализ миграционного поведения с позиции формирования миграционных установок и определения факторов, препятствующих их реализации. Результаты. Выявлено, что Дагестан по настоящее время продолжает терять трудовой потенциал из-за высокой миграционной активности населения. Несмотря на двукратное снижение миграционной убыли за последнее десятилетие, отрицательный миграционный прирост остается на достаточно высоком уровне. Число выбывающих значительно превышает числа прибывающих в регион по всем возрастным группам. Среди выбывающего населения на сегодня три четверти относятся к трудоспособному возрасту. Существенная доля склонных к миграции жителей желает уехать в другие регионы страны и мотивирована стремлением дать все лучшее своим детям и высоким заработком на новом месте жительства. Выводы. Анализ основных результатов социологического исследования показывает, что миграционные настроения населения в Республике Дагестан в настоящее время остаются на достаточно высоком уровне. Около одной трети взрослого населения в той или иной мере хотели бы сменить место жительства в пределах родного региона. Столько же при определенных условиях согласились бы выехать в другие регионы страны в поисках лучшей жизни. Желание и стремление дагестанцев к миграции формируются отсталостью в экономическом развитии республики и проблемами в социальной сфере. Кроме того, миграционный опыт знакомых и родственников, которым удалось улучшить финансовое состояние своих семей посредством смены места жительства, становится весомым аргументом в принятии положительного решения в пользу реализации миграционных установок.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ФАКТОР СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОГО И УСТОЙЧИВОГО СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: Ахмедуев Абас Шапиевич
Published: September 2022

Предмет. В современных условиях глобальных рыночных отношений государственное регулирование сбалансированного устойчивого социально-экономического развития и сокращения межрегиональной дифференциации становится одной из острейших научных и практических задач в современной России. Цель работы. Раскрыть необоснованность проводимой последние годы органами власти государственной политики регионального развития Российской Федерации. Метод или методология работы. В работе использованы методы логического анализа и сравнительной статистической оценки. Результаты. Обосновано, что государственное регулирование и активная государственная политика регионального развития должны стать важными факторами устойчивого социально-экономического развития и преодоления деградации экономики регионов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа. Выводы. Всесторонний и комплексный анализ социально-экономического состояния регионов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа показывает, что проводимая последние годы органами власти политика регионального развития привела к деградации основных отраслей экономики, резкой межрегиональной дифференциации уровня и качества жизни населения, финансовой несостоятельности и бюджетной зависимости регионов Северного Кавказа. За последние 10 лет со времени образования Северо-Кавказского федерального округа социально-экономическое отставание регионов от среднероссийских показателей не сокращается, а по многим узловым показателям нарастает, что во многом связано с неэффективностью всей системы управления и деятельности органов власти. В работе предложены необходимые в создавшихся условиях первоочередные меры по ускорению социально-экономического развития и преодолению деградации экономики регионов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа.
Исследование демографических процессов ханты-мансИйского автономного округа – югры
Authors: Шульгин Олег Валерьевич , Кутышкин Андрей Валентинович , Данилова Светлана Витальевна
Published: September 2022

Исследование особенностей демографических процессов – неотъемлемое и обязательное условие для дальнейшей разработки муниципальных и региональных программ, ориентированных на повышение качества и уровня жизни населения территории. Все демографические показатели дают возможность корректно разработать критерии оценки эффективности программ, запланировать устойчивое развитие отдельных секторов экономики и социальной сферы. В настоящей статье представлены результаты произведенного анализа основных показателей, характеризующих демографические процессы в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе – Югре (ХМАО – Югре) за период 2017– 2020 годов, размещенных в общедоступных официальных источниках информации. Исследование проводилось при помощи стандартных методов: систематизация и сравнение с сочетанием описательного анализа. В результате проведенного исследования подтверждено, что ХМАО – Югра относится к регионам, где демографическим процессам свойственны положительные тенденции, так как население округа динамично растет начиная с 1994 года, при этом увеличению числа постоянно проживающих в округе способствует превышение рождаемости над смертностью.
РАЗВИТИЕ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ И В РАЗВИТЫХ СТРАНАХ МИРА В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВЫЗОВОВ
Authors: Шахтаманова Лейла Гаджикурбановна
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с развитием субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в России в сравнении с развитыми странами мира. Цель данной работы – охарактеризовать малое и среднее предпринимательство в России и в мире в условиях современных вызовов. Методология исследования. Методологической основой послужили такие общенаучные методы исследования, как сравнительный, логический и статистический анализ. С помощью данных методов рассматривается современное состояние малого и среднего предпринимательства в России и в мире. Результаты: раскрыта важность опыта развития МСП в развитых странах для применения его в РФ. Область применения. Проведенное исследование может представлять интерес для органов государственной власти, специалистов в области МСП, а также научных работников, занимающихся вопросами развития сектора малого и среднего предпринимательства. Выводы. В развитых странах в отличие от России сектор МСП занимает достаточно большое место. Сектор МСП создает рабочие места и, соответственно, обеспечивает доходами население, а это в целом улучшает социально-экономическое положение как внутри государства, так и на мировом уровне. Таким образом, между размером сектора МСП и благосостоянием населения и страны можно провести связь.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ
Authors: Москвина Анастасия Юрьевна , Зяблицкая Наталья Викторовна
Published: September 2022

В статье рассмотрены теоретические аспекты планирования на предприятии и ее системы, а также выявлены основные задачи планирования, с которыми приходится сталкиваться на промышленных предприятиях. Кроме того, изучены основные отличия «планирования» от «прогнозирования» на предприятии. Проанализированы основные виды планирования: перспективное, текущее и оперативно-производственное планирование. Особое внимание уделено стратегическому планированию как подвиду перспективного планирования, в частности раскрыты понятие и процесс стратегического планирования на промышленном предприятии. Также в статье проанализированы проблемы, которые препятствуют благоприятному функционированию системы финансового планирования. В результате исследования были выявлены наиболее актуальные проблемы, возникающие в процессе финансового планирования. В качестве информационной базы исследования выступила научная литература отечественных авторов.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ СОТРУДНИКОВ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УСПЕШНОЕ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ КОМПАНИИ
Authors: Саламатина Юлия Валерьевна
Published: September 2022

Целью данной статьи является эмпирическое исследование влияния организационного поведения сотрудников на успешное функционирование компании. Сотрудники в организации составляют наиболее важный сегмент производственного потенциала. Поэтому эффективное управление организационным поведением является ключевым аспектом для достижения успеха организации в целом. В современных компаниях к внутренним движущим силам с целью мотивации и стимулирования можно отнести консультирование, наставничество и вовлечение сотрудников. Известно, что при управлении организационным поведением сотрудников руководству следует использовать в качестве мощного инструмента признание с целью поощрения поведения гражданственности в организации, личной удовлетворенности работой сотрудников. В представленном исследовании приняли участие 113 сотрудников разных промышленных компаний. Полученные данные были проанализированы с помощью методов описательной статистики, и результат показал положительную взаимосвязь между управлением организационным поведением и успехом организации. Данное исследование не было исчерпывающим, поэтому в дальнейшем можно было бы изучить взаимосвязь между организационной приверженностью и эффективностью работы сотрудников. Кроме этого, было предположено, что современные организации должны развивать корпоративную культуру внутри коллектива для повышения мотивации и производительности сотрудников.
Prueba no paramétrica de correlación de Spearman
Authors: Mendivelso Fredy
Published: September 2022

La correlación es una medida estadística que permite conocer el grado de asociación lineal entre dos variables cuantitativas u ordinales (X, Y). También determina la fuerza de asociación y dirección que toma esta relación mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de correlación, cuyo resultado puede variar en el intervalo [-1, +1]. Entre más cercano a 1 sea el coeficiente de correlación, mayor la fuerza de asociación. Cuando una relación es aleatoria o no existe, el coeficiente tiende a cero. Los coeficientes de correlación solo miden relaciones lineales de variables continuas con distribución normal (Pearson) o monótonas con variables ordinales organizadas en rangos o jerarquías (Spearman), las cuales tienden a cambiar al mismo tiempo, pero no necesariamente a un ritmo constante. Las pruebas de correlación son muy usadas en la investigación biomédica para determinar la tendencia de dos variables a ir juntas, a lo que también se denomina covarianza; lo que no necesariamente significa que cuando se reporta una correlación (+/-) esta represente una relación de causa y efecto.
THE “NEW” WEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN ARISTOCRACY DURING THE PERIOD OF “INDUSTRIALISM” (1890–1914).BANK ACCOUNTS, SHARES AND OTHER SECURITIES AS PART OF THE CAPITAL MEANS OF THE LARGEST LANDOWNERS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors:   Moscow State University of Education, Yudin Evgeny E.
Published: September 2022

Based on the study of archival materials, the article considers an impact of the emerging system of «industrialism» on the economic well-being of the largest landowners of the Russian Empire in 1890–1914. As the analysis of the origin, composition and volume of the so-called «paper» funds in the capital means of some of the Russian aristocracy richest families shows, that period was a time of active conversion of some of their land holdings into the stocks, bonds and other securities of various state and commercial banks, as well as of joint-stock companies. That economic strategy, characteristic of most of the largest landowners, was explained by quite pragmatic reasons: favorable market conditions in the sphere of securities turnover, the availability of spare cash through the sale of part of land, significant revenues from the agricultural estates and mortgage lending. The conversion of part of the capital into the stocks and bonds provided the aristocracy with an opportunity to receive a more guaranteed income without serious risks associated with farming or industrial entrepreneurship. As a result, on the eve of 1914, various securities (the stocks and bonds of state and commercial banks, of industrial societies and railway companies) as part of the capital means of the largest landowners of the Russian Empire reached 20–30% of the total value of their fortune, as well as the dividends received from them as part of the total income. It seems that the strengthening of the economic position of the aristocracy by that time was explained not only by the progress in the organization of agricultural production in the estates, the growth of income from forestry and the urban real estate, but also by the emergence of the new form of wealth as bank accounts and interest-bearing securities
Kajian Pemanfaatan Ruang Pada Kawasan Gunungapi Sinabung
Authors: Firdaus Malik Dhahnel , Hindersah Hilwati , Chamid Chusharini
Published: September 2022

Gunungapi Sinabung mengalami kembali erupsi pada Tahun 2010, sejak erupsi pertama pada Tahun 1600. Erupsi tersebut menyemburkan debu vulkanik setinggi 3 sampai 5 kilometer dan  gempa  bumi vulkanis hingga 100 kilometer di sekitar Gunungapi Sinabung. Letusan tahun 2010 – 2017 telah mengubah sebagian tutupan lahan di kawasan ini. Beberapa lahan pertanian dan permukiman tertutup material letusan gunungapi  mencapai sekitar 757 Ha. Mempertimbangkan kondisi tersebut, pemerintah menetapkan radius 3 hingga 5 Km sebagai kawasan lindung yang sebelumnya merupakan kawasan budidaya. Saat ini, penggunaan lahan didominasi oleh kegiatan perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan arahan pemanfaatan ruang yang mampu mendorong upaya pengurangan risiko bencana pada Kawasan Gunungapi Sinabung dan sekitarnya. Dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis analogi, yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kebijakan pada kawasan rawan bencana letusan gunungapi pemanfaatan ruang yang merupakan kawasan lindung, pemanfaatannya masih dapat dilakukan kegiatan budidaya secara terbatas serta menerapkan peraturan zonasi untuk dapat membatasi pembangunan di daerah berisiko dan meminimalkan potensi hilangnya korban jiwa dan properti.
Strategi Peningkatan Pelayanan Air Bersih Kota Cimahi Secara Berkelanjutan
Authors: Mustikawati Ika , Hindersah Hilwati
Published: September 2022

Air merupakan faktor penting dalam membentuk kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Keberlanjutan penyediaan air bersih untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat masa kini tanpa mengabaikan pemenuhan kebutuhan generasi mendatang menjadi isu strategis. Sementara itu, kebutuhan air bersih terus meningkat berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan sumber air. Pelayanan air bersih Kota Cimahi oleh PDAM Tirta Raharja Kabupaten Bandung baru mencapai 12,84 persen. Kondisi tersebut menunjukan cakupan layanan air bersihnya masih jauh dari ideal untuk mencapai target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Studi ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi peningkatan pelayanan air bersih Kota Cimahi secara berkelanjutan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, serta metode analisis kuantitatif. Hasil kajian ini strategi  yaitu: (1) strategi teknis meliputi: optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumber air, pembangunan intake, pemanfaatan sumber air lainnya, pengendalian pada hulu sungai, dan memperluas  cakupan  pelayanan; (2) strategi lingkungan meliputi: pengamanan, pemeliharaan dan peningkatan kualitas serta kuantitas air sungai, monitoring dan evaluasi rutin setiap 6 bulan terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas air sungai, penerapan teknologi pengolahan air baku, dan peningkatan jam operasional; (3) strategi sosial meliputi: kebijakan harga, penetapan tarif (harga) air, ketersediaan membayar retribusi dan biaya penyambungan dan peningkatan investasi bagi pihak swasta, serta (4) strategi kelembagaan meliputi peningkatan kinerja, membentuk lembaga pengelola air bersih, merumuskan hubungan kelembagaan yang kondusif, peningkatan kerjasama lintas daerah, dan pelibatan kerjasama dengan pihak swasta.
STRATEGIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND LABOR POTENTIAL: THE MACRO LEVEL OF REGULATION
Authors:   Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studiesof the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogush Larysa
Published: September 2022

Defining priorities, guidelines, mechanisms, tools for balanced socio-economic development at the micro-, meso-and macrolevels of social organization (in particular, as part of the implementation, coordination and improvement of the effectiveness of strategies to develop the economy itself and its labor resource potential) is the key responsibility of the state. The success of the national economic development strategy (including the capitalization of its results in terms of sustainability, solidarity and progress of the macrosocial system –state and society within the country) depends on the quality of accounting, balancing, regulation of specific local, macro-regional and global requirements, factors and resource requirements (human, material, technical, technological, financial and investment, logistics) to ensure priorities and benchmarks, their motivation in the worldview of the population, parameters of education, economic culture, and professional activity. A specific problem of the present day, requiring active government intervention, is the maintenance and qualitative use of national labor potential under the conditions of the global epidemic threat and the associated socio-economic limitations of life.
THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CURRENT STATE OF PUBLIC FINANCE OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Tkachenko Yelyzaveta , Fatiukha Viktoriia ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Yaryshko Olena ,   Zaporizhzhia National University
Published: September 2022

The article considers modern approaches to determining the essence of public finances, their structure, and identifies features of their legislative enshrinement in the Constitution of different countries. The peculiarities of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the public finances of Ukraine and Poland are studied. The measures of the states to eliminate the consequences of the pandemic impact on the activities of small and medium-sized businesses are analyzed. The peculiarities of implementation of the Financial Shield 2.0 and Industrial Shield programs in Poland are considered. The actions of the Government of Ukraine during the quarantine on the formation of special policies and measures for targeted support of small and medium enterprises are analyzed. Measures for social support of children and youth in Ukraine and Poland are studied. The peculiarities of the formation of the revenue side of state budgets and covering deficits due to the impact of the pandemic are considered.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE TOURISM IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National Aviation University, Bielousova Nataliia
Published: September 2022

One of the multifunctional areas of providing accessible rehabilitation and social functions is inclusive tourism with its diverse range of services and methods of providing the necessary assistance. The problem of development and practical implementation of inclusive tourism in the socio-economicsystem of the regions of Ukraine is a new and quite promising trend in tourism, which allows to involve in tourism activities representatives of low-income and socially vulnerable segments of the population. The most unaccepted social category for life and tourism in Ukraine are people with disabilities. Studying the problems of adaptation, recreation, various aspects of rehabilitation of people with inclusion, allows to regulate the issues of socio-economic nature, to develop promising strategies for the gradual implementation of inclusive tourism and to offer programs of practical assistance to people of inclusive categories.The subject-objective essence of inclusive tourism as a new scientific and practical direction in the socio-economic system of regional development of Ukraine allows to talk about inclusive tourism as a segment of tourism activities, which may include not only comfortable tourist services, but also recreational and rehabilitation services as part of tourism activities.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN REGIONS ACCORDING TO THE INDICATORS OF IMBALANCES IN THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Varnalii Zakharii , Shevchenko Olga ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: September 2022

The disproportionality of socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine according to various indicators causes considerable research attention to the issues of its measurement and interpretation. In particular, it is important to study the relationships between regions by levels of imbalance, as well as the impact of imbalances on the overall socio-economic regional development. The subject of this study is the assessment of the variability and level of interconnectedness of territories by indicators of regional imbalances. The stochasticity of imbalance indicators implies the use of economic and mathematical methods to study their dynamics. It is also necessary to determine the degree of strength of each imbalance indicator, taking into account the current state of control of imbalances. It is advisable to assess whether the current state of imbalances will be a favorable basis for the development of the situation. The results of the spatial and dynamic assessment of imbalances in the cluster groups of regions by development areas will contribute to the formation of appropriate management decisions. Measures to regulate imbalances should be based on exploiting these differences in the pace of regional development and identifying areas for such changes. Regulatory measures are based on an adaptive model and help to slow the growth of regional imbalances.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Semyhulina Iryna , Yaroshenko Ihor ,   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Mykhailenko Daria ,   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

For the development of territories in Ukraine it remains important to address issues of protection of national and regional traditions and interests, maintenance of local identity, restoration of historical heritage, preservation, reproduction and efficient use of available territorial resources and more. The formation and functioning of an effective system of territorial development management at the central, regional and local levels is an integral part of any democratic state. The principles of spatial development of the territories presented in the study are broad and diverse. Spatial development of territories directly depends on the existing territorial features, so the formation of the principles of its organization requires an individual approach, despite the presence of common characteristics suitable for all territories. Given the general global trend in spatial development of territories on the basis of sustainability, taking into account the principles of sustainable development is appropriate when forming priorities for spatial development of territories in Ukraine.