bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Premium and Fear of Investors in Crisis’ Periods: An Empirical Approach Based on Fama–French and Carhart Factor Models
Authors: Pentsas Antonios , Boufounou Paraskevi , Toudas Kanellos , Katsampoxakis Ioannis
Published: June 2024

This study aims to answer the question about the interactions between “investors’ fear”, two factors proposed by Fama & French, the Carhart momentum factor, andthe risk premium, and how these interactions were affected by two financial crises, the Dot-Com and Sub-Prime crises. This paper is the first empirical study that considers the effects of these financial crises. It is of critical importance as it changes the specificity of the empirical models for different periods, significantly affecting the results compared to previous research work. The main findings include a general negative change in fear over all of the sub-periods. Secondly, no consistent positive trend was observed in any of the risk premiums over time. After each crisis, the relationships between the endogenous variables had significant changes. More specifically, investors’ fear, on the first day of the week, appears to be systematically higher across all sub-periods except during the Sub-Prime crisis. Finally, after the Sub-Prime financial crisis, there is an almost complete loss of the explanatory power of the VAR models. Although fear does not seem to affect risk premiums or momentum, it was nevertheless found that the results are sensitive to the specification of the models.
Mechanical Properties and Applications of Advanced Ceramics
Authors: Ćurković Lidija , Žmak Irena
Published: June 2024

The development of new materials or technologies has created turning points throughout the history of mankind, as the societies that had access to this new knowledge were able to overpower others [...]
Hot Deformation Behavior of Free-Al 2.43 wt.% Si Electrical Steel Strip Produced by Twin-Roll Strip Casting and Its Effect on Microstructure and Texture
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wang Wanlin , Lyu Peisheng , Wu Shengjie
Published: June 2024

Twin-roll strip casting (TRSC) technology has unique advantages in the production of non-oriented electrical steel. However, the hot deformation behavior of high-grade electrical steel produced by TRSC has hardly been reported. This work systematically studied the hot deformation behavior of free-Al 2.43 wt.% Si electrical steel strip produced by twin-roll strip casting. During the simulated hot rolling test, deformation reduction was set as 30%, and the ranges of deformation temperature and strain rate were 750~950 °C and 0.01~5 s−1, respectively. The obtained true stress–strain curves show that the peak true stress decreased with an increase in the deformation temperature and with a decrease in the strain rate. Then, the effect of hot deformation parameters on microstructure and texture was analyzed using optical microstructure observation, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscattered diffraction examination. In addition, based on the obtained true stress–strain curves of the strip cast during hot deformation, the constitutive equation for the studied silicon steel strip was established, from which it can be found that the deformation activation energy of the studied steel strip is 83.367 kJ/mol. Finally, the kinetics model of dynamic recrystallization for predicting the recrystallization volume percent was established and was verified by a hot rolling experiment conducted on a rolling mill.
Experimental Study on the Detection of the Existence and Location of Mimicked and Unexpected Interface Debonding Defects in an Existing Rectangular CFST Column with PZT Materials
Authors: Liu Qian , Xu Bin , Chen Genda , Ni Weilong , Liu Zhixun , Lin Chun , Zhuang Zhiyou
Published: June 2024

Interface bonding conditions between concrete and steel materials play key roles in ensuring the composite effect and load-carrying capacity of concrete–steel composite structures such as concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) members in practice. A method using both surface wave and electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurement for detecting the existence and the location of inaccessible interface debonding defects between the concrete core and steel tube in CFST members using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches as actuators and sensors is proposed. A rectangular CFST specimen with two artificially mimicked interface debonding defects was experimentally verified using PZT patches as the actuator and sensor. By comparing the surface wave measurement of PZT sensors at different surface wave travelling paths under both a continuous sinusoidal signal and a 10-period sinusoidal windowed signal, three potential interface debonding defects are quickly identified. Furthermore, the accurate locations of the three detected potential interface debonding defects are determined with the help of EMI measurements from a number of additional PZT sensors around the three potential interface debonding defects. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed interface debonding detection method is verified with a destructive observation by removing the local steel tube at the three detected interface debonding locations. The observation results show that the three detected interface debonding defects are two mimicked interface debonding defects, and an unexpected debonding defect occurred spontaneously due to concrete shrinkage in the past one and a half years before conducting the test. Results in this study indicate that the proposed method can be an efficient and accurate approach for the detection of unknown interface debonding defects in existing CFST members.
Encapsulation of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots into MOF-5 Matrices for Solid-State Luminescence: Ship in the Bottle and Bottle around the Ship Methodologies
Authors: Tran Alexis , Valleix Rodolphe , Réveret François , Frezet Lawrence , Cisnetti Federico , Boyer Damien
Published: June 2024

The utilization of InP-based quantum dots (QDs) as alternative luminescent nanoparticles to cadmium-based QDs is actively pursued. However, leveraging their luminescence for solid-state applications presents challenges due to the sensitivity of InP QDs to oxidation and aggregation-caused quenching. Hence, an appealing strategy is to protect and disperse InP QDs within hybrid materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising solution as readily available crystalline porous materials. Among these, MOF-5 (composed of {Zn4O}6+ nodes and terephthalate struts) can be synthesized under mild conditions (at room temperature and basic pH), making it compatible with InP QDs. In the present work, luminescent InP/ZnS QDs are successfully incorporated within MOF-5 by two distinct methods. In the bottle around the ship (BAS) approach, the MOF was synthesized around the QDs. Alternatively, in the ship in the bottle (SIB) strategy, the QDs were embedded via capillarity into a specially engineered, more porous variant of MOF-5. Comparative analysis of the BAS and SIB approaches, evaluating factors such as operational simplicity, photoluminescence properties, and the resistance of the final materials to leaching were carried out. This comparative study provides insights into the efficacy of these strategies for the integration of InP/ZnS QDs within MOF-5 for potential solid-state applications in materials chemistry.
Experimental Study on Macro and Meso Characteristics of Steel-Slag-Based Cemented Backfill Due to Microbial Mineralization Action
Authors: Zhao Fengwen , Hu Jianhua , Yang Yinan , Liu Taoying
Published: June 2024

Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, which can provide a new calcium source for microbial mineralization as it contains abundant calcium elements. This study treated cemented backfill material with microorganisms and steel slag to enhance its performance. The influence of microbial treatment on the strength, microstructure, and pore characteristics of the backfill was assessed using a strength test, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that (1) the microbial mineralization and the hydration reaction take place at the same time; (2) when the proportion of bacterial solution exceeded 50%, microorganisms excessively consumed Ca2+, which hindered the following hydration reaction; (3) the additional amount of bacterial solution added into the steel-slag-based cemented backfill material should be less than 50%, which increases the strength by up to 22.10%; (4) the excessive bacterial solution sharply reduces the strength of the backfill even by 21.41%; and (5) the addition of bacterial solution affects the pore characteristics. A 50% bacterial solution can make backfill reach its lowest porosity. The strength has an inversely proportional relationship with porosity, diameter, and roundness (σ = ax + b, a < 0).
Production Planning Optimization in a Two-Echelon Multi-Product Supply Chain with Discrete Delivery and Storage at Manufacturer’s Warehouse
Authors: Tajik Maedeh , Hajimolana Seyed Mohammad , Daneshvar Kakhki Mohammad
Published: June 2024

In today’s competitive world, customers expect their demands to be met at the shortest possible time, while manufacturers aspire to deliver the orders within a convenient time and at a minimum cost. Thus, manufacturers are compelled to seek ways of lowering the costs of their services in order to satisfy customers and survive the competition in their respective industries. This research paper investigates a multi-product problem in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and several retailers. The main objective of this research is to develop and present a multi-product optimization model in which retailers receive their orders through discrete delivery and surplus manufactured goods are stored in the manufacturer’s warehouse. The objective function of the mathematical model in the economic dimension includes the minimization of the total supply chain costs and the maximization of profit. The retailers in this model place new orders when their inventory level drops to zero, and the manufacturer responds to the retailers’ orders at the same time as it begins processing each product. After delivering the last set of orders, the manufacturer stores surplus items in its warehouse in case the retailers place new orders. This optimization problem is modeled using mixed integer nonlinear programming, while numerical scenarios are coded using the MATLAB software which helps estimate the total cost within a short time. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the effects of a number of factors on the total cost, including problem parameters, demand and production rates, the production quantity, and the number of times the manufacturing machines are operated at each production cycle.
Phase Transformations after Heat Treating an As-Cast Fe-30Mn-8.8Al-0.3Si-0.15C Steel
Authors: Lopez-Hirata Victor M. , Perez-Badillo Eduardo , Saucedo-Muñoz Maribel Leticia , Hernandez-Santiago Felipe , Villegas-Cardenas Jose David
Published: June 2024

The phase transformations in an as-cast Fe-30Mn-8.8Al-0.3Si-0.15C steel were analyzed experimentally and numerically with a Calphad-based method during heat treatment. The nonequilibrium phases were determined using the Thermo-Calc Scheil module and the equilibrium phases with Themo-Calc based on the steel chemical composition. The precipitated phases were analyzed with TC-PRISMA using the chemical composition, nucleation site, and temperature among other factors. An ingot of this chemical composition was vacuum-melted using pure elements under an Ar gas atmosphere. As-cast steel specimens were annealed and solution-treated, quenched, and then aged at different temperatures. Heat-treated specimens were analyzed by different techniques. The results indicated that the microconstituents are the α and γ phases for the as-cast, homogenized, and quenched conditions. The main difference among these conditions is the distribution and size of the γ phase, which produced a change in hardness from 209 to 259 VHN. In contrast, the aging treatment at 750 °C caused a decrease in hardness from 492 to 306 VHN, which is attributable to the increase in volume fraction of the γ phase. On the other hand, the aging treatment at 550 °C promoted precipitation hardening from 259 to 649 VHN because of the κ precipitate formation. The calculated results for the different heat treatments with the Calphad-based method agreed well with the experimental ones. In addition, the intragranular precipitation of the κ phase could be simulated using the nucleation and growth and coarsening mechanisms based on a Calphad method.
Effect of Electric Pulse Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Laser Powder Bed Fused IN718
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Liu Jie , Wang Zhanfeng
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the impact of electric pulse treatment (EPT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 (IN718). Through a comprehensive experimental characterization, we found that EPT induced significant improvements in the microstructure of IN718. In the YOZ plane of EPT-700, the molten pool diminished and replaced by a grain boundary with granular Ni3Nb precipitates, and the dislocations increased while the irregular porosity decreased. Concurrently, enhanced mechanical properties of EPT-700 were obtained, including a hardness of 354.7 HV, an ultimate tensile strength of 930.21 MPa, and an elongation of 34.35%. Fractographic analysis revealed a transition in fracture mechanisms, highlighting the intricate relationship between microstructural modifications induced by EPT and mechanical response under load. These findings underscore the potential of EPT as a promising post-processing technique for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of IN718 components fabricated via laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field of additive manufacturing and provides valuable insights for the development of high-performance metallic components.
Study of Phase Transformations and Interface Evolution in Carbon Steel under Temperatures and Loads Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Wen Chao , Li Zhengminqing , Wu Hongyan , Gu Jianfeng
Published: June 2024

Carbon steel materials are widely used in mechanical transmission. Under different temperature and pressure service conditions, the microscopic changes of stress and strain that are difficult to detect and analyze by experimental means will lead to failure deformation, thus affecting their operational stability and life. In this study, the molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the heating–cooling phase transition process of common carbon steel materials. Austenite transformation temperatures of 980 K (0.2 wt.%) and 1095 K (0.5 wt.%) are acquired which is determined by the volume hysteresis before and after transformation, which is consistent with the results of JMatPro phase diagram analysis. The internal stress state of the material varies between compressive stress and tensile stress due to the change of phase structure, and the dislocation characteristics during the phase transition period are observed to change significantly. Then, an α/γ two-phase interface model is constructed to study the migration of the phase interface and the change of the phase structure by applying a continuously changing external load. At the same time, the transition pressure of α→ϵ is obtained with a value of 37 GPa under three different initial loads showing the independence of the initial load and the historical path. Based on the molecular dynamics simulation and the phase diagram calculation of the carbon steel, the analysis method for the microstructure transformation and the stress–strain behavior of the phase interface under the external load can provide a reference for the design of microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy steel in the future.
A Rapid Fabrication Method of Large-Area MLAs with Variable Curvature for Retroreflectors Based on Thermal Reflow
Authors: Yong Yiqiu , Chen Si , Chen Hao , Ge Haixiong , Hao Zongbin
Published: June 2024

Retroreflectors are an important optical component, but current retroreflector structures and manufacturing processes are relatively complex. This paper proposes a rapid, low-cost, large-area method for fabricating retroreflectors based on microlens arrays. Tunable microlens arrays with adjustable curvature, fill factor, and sizes were prepared using photolithography and thermal reflow techniques. Subsequently, a two-step nanoimprinting process was used to create a flexible reverse mold and transfer the structure onto the desired substrate. The microlens arrays, with a diameter of 30 μm, a period of 33 μm, a curvature radius ranging from 15.5 to 18.8 μm, and a fill factor ranging from 75.1% to 88.8%, were fabricated this way. In addition, the method also fabricated microlens arrays with diameters ranging from 10 to 80 μm. Retroreflectors were made by sputtering a layer of silver on the MLAs as a reflecting layer, and tests showed that the microlens-based retroreflector exhibited superior retroreflective performance with a wide-angle response of ±75°. Microlens-based retroreflectors have the advantages of simple operation and controllable profiles. The fabrication method in this paper is suitable for large-scale production, providing a new approach to retroreflector design.
Label-Free Continuous Cell Sorting Using Optofluidic Chip
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xinchun , Cheng Jingmeng , Zhang Sixiang
Published: June 2024

In the field of biomedicine, efficiently and non-invasively isolating target cells has always been one of the core challenges. Optical fiber tweezers offer precise and non-invasive manipulation of cells within a medium and can be easily integrated with microfluidic systems. Therefore, this paper investigated the mechanism of cell manipulation using scattering force with optical fiber tweezers. We employed flat-ended single-mode fiber to drive and sort cells and derived the corresponding scattering force formula based on the T-matrix model. A single-mode optical tweezers system for cell sorting was developed, and an optofluidic experimental platform was constructed that effectively integrates the optical system with microfluidic chips. The chip, featuring an expanded cross-channel design, successfully achieved continuous separation of yeast cells (8~10 µm in diameter) and polystyrene microspheres (15~20 µm in diameter), with a sorting efficiency of up to 86% and maintaining viability in approximately 90% of the yeast cells. Compared to other sorting systems, this system does not require labeling and can achieve continuous sorting with cell viability at a lower cost of instrumentation.
Analysis of In Situ Electroporation Utilizing Induced Electric Field at a Wireless Janus Microelectrode
Authors: Sun Haizhen , Yu Linkai , Chen Yifan , Yang Hao , Sun Lining
Published: June 2024

In situ electroporation, a non-invasive technique for enhancing the permeability of cell membranes, has emerged as a powerful tool for intracellular delivery and manipulation. This method allows for the precise introduction of therapeutic agents, such as nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins, directly into target cells within their native tissue environment. Herein, we introduce an innovative electroporation strategy that employs a Janus particle (JP)-based microelectrode to generate a localized and controllable electric field within a microfluidic chip. The microfluidic device is engineered with an indium tin oxide (ITO)-sandwiched microchannel, where the electric field is applied, and suspended JP microelectrodes that induce a stronger localized electric field. The corresponding simulation model is developed to better understand the dynamic electroporation process. Numerical simulations for both single-cell and chain-assembled cell electroporation have been successfully conducted. The effects of various parameters, including pulse voltage, duration medium conductivity, and radius of Janus microelectrode, on cell membrane permeabilization are systematically investigated. Our findings indicate that the enhanced electric intensity near the poles of the JP microelectrode significantly contributes to the electroporation process. In addition, the distribution for both transmembrane voltage and the resultant nanopores can be altered by conveniently adjusting the relative position of the JP microelectrode, demonstrating a selective and in situ electroporation technique for spatial control over the delivery area. Moreover, the obtained differences in the distribution of electroporation between chain cells can offer insightful directives for the electroporation of tissues or cell populations, enabling the precise and targeted modulation of specific cell populations. As a proof of concept, this work can provide a robust alternative technique for the study of complex and personalized cellular processes.
Research on Key Technologies of Dual-Light-Type Photoelectric Colorimetric Method for Phosphate Determination
Authors: Guo Hongzhuang , Zhang Hao , Sun Tingting , Wang Xin , Gong Ping
Published: June 2024

Phosphate plays a crucial role in microbial proliferation, and the regulation of the phosphate concentration can modulate the fermentation efficiency. In this study, based on Lambert–Beer’s Law and the selective absorption characteristics of substances under light, a dual-light-type photoelectric colorimetric device for phosphate determination was designed. The device’s main components, such as the excitation light path and incubation stations, were modeled and simulated. The primary performance of the instrument was verified, and comparative experiments with a UV-1780 spectrophotometer were conducted to validate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate that this device exhibits a high degree of linearity with an R2 value of 0.9956 and a repeatability of ≤1.72%. The average temperature rise rate at the incubation stations was measured at 0.44 °C/s, with a temperature uniformity ≤ ±0.1 °C (temperature set at 37.3 °C). Consistently observed trends in the measurement of 23 CHO cell suspensions using the UV-1780 spectrophotometer further validated the accuracy and reliability of the device’s detection results.
Elasticity of Carrier Fluid: A Key Factor Affecting Mechanical Phenotyping in Deformability Cytometry
Authors: Pouraria Hassan , Houston Jessica P.
Published: June 2024

Recently, microfluidics deformability cytometry has emerged as a powerful tool for high-throughput mechanical phenotyping of large populations of cells. These methods characterize cells by their mechanical fingerprints by exerting hydrodynamic forces and monitoring the resulting deformation. These devices have shown great promise for label-free cytometry, yet there is a critical need to improve their accuracy and reconcile any discrepancies with other methods, such as atomic force microscopy. In this study, we employ computational fluid dynamics simulations and uncover how the elasticity of frequently used carrier fluids, such as methylcellulose dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, is significantly influential to the resulting cellular deformation. We conducted CFD simulations conventionally used within the deformability cytometry field, which neglect fluid elasticity. Subsequently, we incorporated a more comprehensive model that simulates the viscoelastic nature of the carrier fluid. A comparison of the predicted stresses between these two approaches underscores the significance of the emerging elastic stresses in addition to the well-recognized viscous stresses along the channel. Furthermore, we utilize a two-phase flow model to predict the deformation of a promyelocyte (i.e., HL-60 cell type) within a hydrodynamic constriction channel. The obtained results highlight a substantial impact of the elasticity of carrier fluid on cellular deformation and raise questions about the accuracy of mechanical property estimates derived by neglecting elastic stresses.
Review of Integrated Gate Driver Circuits in Active Matrix Thin-Film Transistor Display Panels
Authors: Chang Min-Kyu , Jeong Seoyeong , Kim Darren , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: June 2024

Many advanced technologies have been employed in high-performance active matrix displays, including liquid crystal displays, organic light-emitting diode displays, and micro-light-emitting diode displays. On the other side, there exists a strong demand for cost reduction, and it is one of the low-cost schemes for integrating the driver circuit in a panel based on thin-film transistor technologies. This paper reviews the overall concept, operation principles, and various circuit approaches in shift registers for scanning pulse generation. In addition, it deals with the implementation of additional functionalities in gate drivers to support pixel compensation, multi-line driving, in-cell capacitive touch screen, pixel sensing, and adaptive scanning region control.
An In-Run Automatic Demodulation Phase Error Compensation Method for MEMS Gyroscope in Full Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Jianpeng , Yang Gongliu , Zhou Yi , Zhang Jiangyuan , Liu Fumin , Cai Qingzhong
Published: June 2024

The demodulation phase error will cause the quadrature error to be coupled to the rate output, resulting in performance deterioration of the MEMS gyroscope. To solve this problem, an in-run automatic demodulation phase error compensation method is proposed in this paper. This method applies square wave angular rate input to the gyroscope and automatically identifies the value of the demodulation phase error through the designed automatic identification algorithm. To realize in-run automatic compensation, the demodulation phase error corresponding to the temperature point is measured every 10 °C in the full-temperature environment (−40~60 °C). The relationship between temperature and demodulation phase error is fitted by a third-order polynomial. The temperature is obtained by the temperature sensor and encapsulated in the ceramic packages of the MEMS gyroscope, and the in-run automatic compensation is realized based on the fitting curve. The temperature hysteresis effect on the zero-rate output (ZRO) of the gyroscope is eliminated after compensation. The bias instability (BI) of the three gyroscopes at room temperature (25 °C) is reduced by four to eight times to 0.1°/h, while that at full-temperature environment (−40~60 °C) is reduced by three to four times to 0.1°/h after in-run compensation.
In Situ Dynamic Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of Cu-Ligated Mercaptoalkanoic Acid “Molecular” Ruler Multilayers
Authors: Patron Alexandra M. , Coleman Kayleigh L. , Mullen Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Hybrid strategies that combine conventional top-down lithography with bottom-up molecular assembly are of interest for a range of applications including nanolithography and sensors. Interest in these strategies stems from the ability to create complex architectures over large areas with molecular-scale control and precision. The molecular-ruler process typifies this approach where the sequential layer-by-layer assembly of mercaptoalkanoic acid molecules and metal ions are combined with conventional top-down lithography to create precise, registered nanogaps. However, the quality of the metal-ligated mercaptoalkanoic acid multilayer is a critical characteristic in generating reproducible and robust nanoscale structures via the molecular-ruler process. Therefore, we explore the assembly of alkanethiolate monolayers, mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) monolayers, and Cu-ligated MHDA multilayers on Au{111} substrates using atomic force microscopy and in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry. The chemical film thicknesses in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry agree with previous ex situ surface analytical methods. Moreover, in situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry provides insight into the assembly process without interrupting the assembly process and potentially altering the characteristics of the resulting chemical film. By following the real-time dynamics of each deposition step, the assembly of the Cu-ligated MHDA multilayers can be optimized to minimize deposition time while having minimal impact to the quality of the chemical film.
Purification of Spherical Graphite as Anode for Li-Ion Battery: A Comparative Study on the Purifying Approaches
Authors: Vu Tri Thien , La Duong Duc , Le Long Vu , Pham Trung Kien , Nguyen Minh Anh , Nguyen Tran Hung , Dang Trung Dung , Um Myoung-Jin , Chung Woojin , Nguyen Dinh Duc
Published: June 2024

Graphite is a versatile material used in various fields, particularly in the power source manufacturing industry. Nowadays, graphite holds a unique position in materials for anode electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. With a carbon content of over 99% being a requirement for graphite to serve as an electrode material, the graphite refinement process plays a pivotal role in the research and development of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This study used three different processes to purify spherical graphite through wet chemical methods. The spherical graphite after the purification processes was analysed for carbon content by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and was evaluated for structural and morphological characteristics through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The analyses results indicate that the three-step process via H2SO4–NaOH–HCl cleaning can elevate the carbon content from 90% to above 99.9% while still maintaining the graphite structure and spherical morphology, thus enhancing the surface area of the material for anode application. Furthermore, the spherical graphite was studied for electrochemical properties when used as an anode for Li-ion batteries using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements. The results demonstrated that the purification process significantly improves the material’s capacity with a specific capacity of 350 mAh/g compared to the 280 mAh/g capacity of the anode made of spherical graphite without purification.
Energy Mechanism and Acoustic Emission Characteristics in Rock-Backfill Composite Structure Specimens under Multi-Level Cyclic Loads: Cement-Tailings Ratio Effect
Authors: Long Dayu , Wang Yu , Li Changhong , Wu Yunfeng , Hu Yongyue
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cement-tailings ratio (CTR) on the fatigue properties, acoustic emission (AE) activities, energy dissipation, and fracture patterns of rock-backfill composite structure (RBCS) samples. The investigation employed multi-level cyclic loading tests combined with acoustic emission monitoring and post-test CT scanning. The results indicated that the fatigue strength and fatigue lifetime of the RBCS samples initially increased and then decreased as the CTR was reduced from 1:4 to 1:12. The energy dissipation characteristics reflected the optimal energy absorption effect of the backfill at a CTR of 1:8. The AE ring counts/energy apparent skip phenomenon corresponded to the stress-strain curve from a dense to sparse pattern. The samples with CTRs of 1:4 and 1:8 showed a more significant increase in the peak frequency band at failure and released more energy. The fracture of the RBCS specimen was dominated by tensile cracking signals accompanied by some shear cracking signals. However, the proportion of shear signals was higher for samples with CTRs of 1:4 and 1:8. Similarly, the b value was smaller at failure. The 3D visualization images revealed that the fracture pattern of the RBCS was a mixed tensile-shear fracture, including shear fracture within the backfill, tensile cracking in the interface, and tensile-shear fracture within the rock. The volume and complexity of cracks increased and then decreased with decreasing CTR, i.e., from 1:4 to 1:12. The evolution of cracks probably involves internal backfill fracturing first, and then the fracture extends into the surrounding rock. A recommendation for the design of CTB was presented in this study to ensure the safety and stability of mine excavations.
An Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Rapid Quantitative Control of Monoclonal Antibodies against Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Lin Congmei , Li Feng , Wei Xinhao , Chen Yusen , Fu Yanyong , Yu Xiaoping , Zhang Biao , Ye Zihong
Published: June 2024

Cancer is one of the major public health challenges in the world, which is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Immunotherapy, represented by PD-1 monoclonal antibody, has significantly improved the efficacy of malignant tumors and has become one of the most popular immunotherapy methods at present. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for novel detection methods for PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. The aim of this work was to establish a rapid, simple, and sensitive immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) based on the AuNPs enlargement for both visual and instrumental detection of the PD-1 monoclonal antibody concentration. The mixed solution of NH2OH·HCl and HAuCl4 was used as an enhancement solution to lower the detection limit and achieve higher sensitivity. A test strip reader was used to construct a visualized quantitative detection standard curve for the PD-1 monoclonal antibody concentration. The LOD was 1.58 ng/mL through a triple signal-to-noise ratio. The detection time was within 10 min. The constructed test strips can rapidly, accurately, and efficiently detect the concentration of PD-1 monoclonal antibody in real samples.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Roots of Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. and Its Effects on Glucose Consumption on HepG2 Cells
Authors: Wu Junkai , Zhou Xiaohang , Sun Huifeng , Yu Dan
Published: June 2024

The root of Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. is a common Chinese materia medica and the polysaccharides which have been isolated from the plant are important active components for medicinal purposes. The objective of the current study was to optimize the extraction parameters and evaluate the glucose consumption activity for Adenophorae root polysaccharides (ARPs). The optimization of ARP extraction was evaluated with preliminary experiments and using response surface methodology (RSM). The conditions investigated were 35–45 °C extraction temperature, 20–30 (v/w) water-to-solid ratio, and 3–5 h extraction time. The antidiabetic effects of ARPs for the glucose consumption activity were evaluated in HepG2 cells. The statistical analyses of the experiments indicated that temperature, water-to-solid ratio, and extraction time significantly affected ARP yield (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis revealed that the experimental data were well-aligned with a quadratic polynomial model, as evidenced by the mathematical regression model’s fit. The optimal conditions for maximum ARP yield were 45 °C extraction temperature and 28.47:1 (mL/g) water-to-solid ratio with a 4.60 h extraction time. Extracts from these conditions showed significant activity of promoting cell proliferation from 11.26% (p < 0.001) to 32.47% (p < 0.001) at a dose of 50 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL and increasing glucose consumption to 75.86% (p < 0.001) at 250 μg/mL on HepG2 cells. This study provides a sustainable alternative for the industry since it allowed simplified handling and a specific quantity of ARPs. Furthermore, ARPs might directly stimulate the glucose consumption in the liver and showed no cytotoxicity; therefore, ARPs probably could be taken as a potential natural source of antidiabetic materials.
Phosphorus Knowledge and Dietary Intake of Phosphorus of US Adults Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Schneider Sydney T. , Klug Alexander , Andrade Jeanette M.
Published: June 2024

Abnormal serum phosphorus is a concern for adults undergoing dialysis due to the risk for mortality and morbidity. General recommendations for maintaining serum phosphorus within normal limits is monitoring dietary intake of phosphorus and taking phosphate binders, as prescribed. However, limited research is available about adults’ phosphorus knowledge and dietary intake of phosphorus. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between phosphorus knowledge and dietary intake of phosphorus of adults on dialysis. An online Qualtrics survey was conducted during February–September 2023. Participants (n = 107) responded to the 74-item questionnaire (30-day food frequency questionnaire, phosphorus knowledge questionnaire, and demographic questions). Analysis included frequencies, descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Spearman correlations. JMP SAS v16 was used with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Of the participants, 57.0% (n = 61) were on peritoneal dialysis and 43.0% (n = 46) were on hemodialysis. Average phosphorus knowledge score was 10.6 ± 3.0 out of 19 or 55.8%, with those on peritoneal dialysis having lower scores (54.7%) compared to participants on hemodialysis (58.1%) (p < 0.05). The daily average dietary phosphorus intake was 605 ± 297 mg. Participants on peritoneal dialysis consumed more phosphorus (625 mg) compared to participants on hemodialysis (576 mg) (p < 0.05). There was no association with phosphorus knowledge scores and dietary intake of phosphorus. There were positive correlations between discussing about phosphorus, knowing serum phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus knowledge scores. These results can aid practitioners in providing tailored nutrition education among adults on dialysis.
Gut–Brain Axis in Focus: Polyphenols, Microbiota, and Their Influence on α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Riegelman Elizabeth , Xue Kathy S. , Wang Jia-Sheng , Tang Lili
Published: June 2024

With the recognition of the importance of the gut–brain axis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology, there is increased interest in developing therapeutic strategies that target α-synuclein, the hallmark abhorrent protein of PD pathogenesis, which may originate in the gut. Research has demonstrated that inhibiting the aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation of α-synuclein are key strategies for disease modification. Polyphenols, which are rich in fruits and vegetables, are drawing attention for their potential role in this context. In this paper, we reviewed how polyphenols influence the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and how the resulting microbial metabolites of polyphenols may potentially enhance the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation. Understanding the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota and identifying which specific microbes may enhance the efficacy of polyphenols is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies and precision nutrition based on the microbiome.
Micronutrient-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Mental Health: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hui Jingni , Zhang Na , Kang Meijuan , Gou Yifan , Liu Chen , Zhou Ruixue , Liu Ye , Wang Bingyi , Shi Panxing , Cheng Shiqiang , Yang Xuena , Pan Chuyu , Zhang Feng
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated the link between micronutrients and mental health. However, it remains uncertain whether this connection is causal. We aim to investigate the potential causal effects of micronutrients on mental health based on linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Utilizing publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, we performed LDSC and MR analysis to identify candidate micronutrients with potential causal effects on mental health. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly linked with candidate micronutrients with a genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). To estimate the causal effect of candidate micronutrients on mental health, we employed inverse variance weighted (IVW) regression. Additionally, two sensitivity analyses, MR-Egger and weighted median, were performed to validate our results. Results: We found evidence supporting significant causal associations between micronutrients and mental health. LDSC detected several candidate micronutrients, including serum iron (genetic correlation = −0.134, p = 0.032) and vitamin C (genetic correlation = −0.335, p < 0.001) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), iron-binding capacity (genetic correlation = 0.210, p = 0.037) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vitamin B12 (genetic correlation = −0.178, p = 0.044) for major depressive disorder (MDD). Further MR analysis suggested a potential causal relationship between vitamin B12 and MDD (b = −0.139, p = 0.009). There was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, indicating the validity of the findings. Conclusion: In this study, we identified underlying causal relationships between micronutrients and mental health. Notably, more research is necessary to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms by which micronutrients affect mental health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Post-Exercise Inflammation, Muscle Damage, Oxidative Response, and Sports Performance in Physically Healthy Adults—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fernández-Lázaro Diego , Arribalzaga Soledad , Gutiérrez-Abejón Eduardo , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Mielgo-Ayuso Juan , Roche Enrique
Published: June 2024

Omega-3 is a family of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have been used to treat a wide variety of chronic diseases, due mainly to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. In this context, omega-3 could be post-exercise recovery agent and sports supplement that could improve performance by preserving and promoting skeletal muscle mass and strength. No conclusive evidence, however, exists about the potential effects of omega-3 on post-exercise biomarkers and sports performance in physically healthy adults. Based on the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline to assess the effects of omega-3 on post-exercise inflammation, muscle damage, oxidant response, and sports performance in physically healthy adults. The search was performed on original articles published in the last 10 years up to 5 May 2024, with a controlled trial design in which omega-3 supplementation was compared with a control group. Among 14,971 records identified in the search, 13 studies met the selection criteria. The duration of the interventions ranged from 1 day to 26 weeks of supplementation and the doses used were heterogeneous. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group in 3 of the 4 studies where these markers were analyzed. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group of 2 of the 13 studies where this marker was analyzed. The delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) gave mixed results. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed improvements with supplementation, but tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) displayed no differences. The consumption of n-3 PUFAs improved some indicators of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. Additional evidence is needed to establish clear recommendations regarding the dose and length of n-3 PUFA supplements. These may benefit the post-exercise inflammatory response, mitigate muscle damage, and decrease oxidative stress caused by exercise. However, studies did not evaluate omega-3 status at baseline or following supplementation and therefore the observations must be treated with caution
Energy Availability and Interstitial Fluid Glucose Changes in Elite Male Japanese Triathletes during Training Camp: A Case Study
Authors: Hiromatsu Chiyori , Goto Kazushige
Published: June 2024

This study explored the impact of varying energy availability (EA) on the 24-h interstitial fluid glucose concentration (IGC) in five elite male Japanese triathletes at a training camp. Measurements of IGC, energy and macronutrient intake, and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) through metabolic equivalents (METs) from training logs were conducted. Three subjects were evaluated over two 4-day periods, and two subjects over one 4-day period. Findings revealed significant correlations of daily mean nocturnal IGC with daily EA (r = 0.553, p = 0.001) and energy intake (EI) (r = 0.595, p < 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between mean daily nocturnal IGC and EEE (r = −0.278, p = 0.124). Daytime IGC was ≥110 mg/dL for >50% of the time in all subjects, except on 1 day in one subject, and never fell <70 mg/dL. Therefore, daily EA may influence nocturnal IGC in elite male triathletes, although high daytime IGC levels were maintained without hypoglycemia.
The Impact of Dietary Carbohydrates on Inflammation-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The ATTICA Study (2002–2022)
Authors: Giannakopoulou Sofia-Panagiota , Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Chrysohoou Christina , Barkas Fotios , Tsioufis Costas , Pitsavos Christos , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Sfikakis Petros P. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential interplay between a carbohydrate diet and inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) development. ATTICA is a prospective observational study of 3042 adults free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who were recruited in 2002 and followed for 20 years. Baseline data on carbohydrate intake and inflammatory biomarker levels were collected. Participants were stratified by carbohydrate intake (low vs. high: </> 190 g/day) and carbohydrate quality. At the 20-year follow-up in 2022, 1988 participants had complete data for CVD assessment. The overall quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake did not show a significant association with CVD incidence; inflammatory markers were positively correlated with an increased risk of CVD (p-values < 0.05). Chronic systemic inflammation seems to affect the CVD risk of participants who had a higher carbohydrate intake more substantially, as compared to those with low intake. Additionally, individuals with higher high carbohydrate/low fiber intake experienced a higher risk of inflammation-related CVD, compared to those with high carbohydrate/high fiber intake. The presented findings revealed that the effect of inflammation markers on the CVD risk is influenced both by the amount and quality of carbohydrate intake, irrespective of overall dietary habits and clinical and lifestyle characteristics.