bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept of the System for Control over Keeping up the Movement of a Crane
Authors: Duda Sławomir , Kawlewski Krzysztof , Gembalczyk Grzegorz
Published: December 2014

The article presents one of the concepts of the performance of keeping up the movement of a gantry behind the load. For reaching this solution, a PID controller has been applied. The worked out control algorithm has been implemented and tested employing a 3D Crane 3D. The results of experimental research have been compared with the findings of numerical simulations.
Design of an Artificial Microelectromechanical Cochlea
Authors: Dusek Daniel , Hadas Zdenek , Pekarek Jan , Svatos Vojtech , Zak Jan , Prasek Jan , Hubálek Jaromir
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the first results of research on an artificial cochlea based on a mechanical filter bank that could be produced by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technologies and power supplied by energy harvesting systems. First, the basic configuration of the artificial cochlea proposed by our team is described. Then, the configuration of mechanoelectrical transducers (polycrystalline diffused piezoresistors) displayed in the first experiment is offered. Finally, the eigenfrequencies of resonant membranes calculated employing finite element systems Ansys and CoventorWare are introduced.
Application of Magnetovision Scanning System for Detection of Dangerous Objects
Authors: Nowicki Michał , Szewczyk Roman
Published: December 2014

This paper presents application of magnetovision scanning system for detection of dangerous objects in weak magnetic fields. Measurement system was developed to study the magnetic field vector distributions. The measurements of the Earth’s field disturbances caused by dangerous ferromagnetic objects were carried out. The ability for passive detection of hidden dangerous objects and determine their location was demonstrated.
Wear Problems of Slide-Friction Pair
Authors: Springis Guntis , Rudzitis Janis , Avišāne Anita , Kumermanis Maris , Semjonovs Jevgenijs , Leitans Armands
Published: December 2014

A number of different mechanisms and devices may involve sliding-friction surfaces. The issues of service life and its prediction for the details of such surfaces have always been of particular importance. The article determines the most suitable wear calculation model that allows considering the set of parameters necessary for calculating slide-friction pair. The offered model is based on the application of the theories of several branches of sciences. Since the wear process is variable and many-sided, it is influenced by numerous different parameters, for example, surface geometry (roughness, waviness, form deviation, etc.), physical and mechanical conditions of the upper layer, material components, wear regime, wear temperature, etc.
Cure Monitoring of Thermosets Using Disc Bimorph Transducers
Authors: Dragašius Egidijus , Skiedraite Inga
Published: December 2014

The article discusses the results of experiments on the further development of the method for monitoring the state of the small samples of resin and polymers during curing. The applied method is based on a change in the structure of oscillating transducers leading to variations in the form and/or mode of oscillation. The thin layer of epoxy resin was placed between two piezoelectric transducers in the form of piezoceramic plates. Curing epoxy resin forms a bimorph and its characteristics change along with variations in viscosity or, after the gel point, stiffness. It is possible to establish the level of epoxy resin curing by monitoring changes in the resonance parameters of bimorph elements. The main purpose of cure monitoring of small samples is to develop a new method for evaluating the parameters of resin both before and after the gel point thus taking into consideration that the use of rheological data measured with reference to small samples will be applied for designing or interpreting bulk-flow processes where epoxy may be considered a continuum.
The Mathematical Algorithm for Analysis of Piezoelectric Stacks with Structural Damping
Authors: Buchacz Andrzej , Płaczek Marek , Wróbel Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The work presents a proposal of mathematical algorithm developed for analysis of piezoelectric stacks that consist of classical PZT piezoelectric transducers. The considered systems vibrate longitudinally. Piezoelectric plates are combined in order to obtain multiplied displacement of the system and ensure more effective operation. Using constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials and an equation of the single plate’s motion, a matrix of characteristics of the system was obtained. The matrix of characteristics consists of relations between mechanical and electrical parameters (forces, displacements, electric current and voltage) that describe behaviour of the system. A structural damping of the plate’s material was being taken into consideration using Kelvin-Voigt model of material and its influence on the plate’s dynamic flexibility was analyzed [1, 2]. A dynamic flexibility – relation between the plate’s deformation and a force applied to the system is considered. Using the obtained dependences and non-classical methods, characteristics of piezoelectric stacks were designated and presented on charts. The obtained results were juxtaposed with characteristics of the system without structural damping.
Model-Based Development of Algorithms for a Battery-Management System
Authors: Diehl Waldemar , Quantmeyer Florian , Liu-Henke Xiao Bo
Published: December 2014

Due to their high power density and volumetric energy, lithium batteries are increasingly being employed as the source of energy in vehicles and mobile devices. Often, however, the individual cells have to be series-connected in order to reach the required supply voltage. As these cells, due to different production conditions, inevitably will differ in parameters (capacity, internal resistance, etc.), the result will be varying states of charge in these cells during operation. Because lithium batteries are damageable by a cell voltage that is either too high or too low, it is impossible to assure safe operation of the battery pack. So, in order to make lithium batteries operate safely, a battery management system is employed. Our contribution is about generating and applying a simulation model for the model-based development of functions for this battery-management system.
Fuzzy Neural-Network-Based Controller
Authors: Gücüyener İsmet
Published: December 2014

Using a controller is necessary for any automation system. The controller must be cheap, reliable, user friendly and not cause any problems for inputs and outputs. Classical control systems like proportional integral derivative (PID) put adequate results of linear systems and continuous-time. In fact, real control systems are time-variant, with non-linearity and poorly calculated dynamic variables. For this reason, conventional control systems need an expert person to adjust controller parameters in general. Sometimes an operator is required to solve control problems. Human control is not completely reliable. Also, it does not include any electronic communication. In modern factories, every point must be monitored and electronically controlled from remote points when necessary. In this study, including every electronic communication channel, a simplified handling, low-cost, reliable, Fuzzy Neural Network Controller (FNNC) is designed.
Study on Sensors Used in Security and Alarm Systems for Buildings
Authors: Karaliunas Bronius , Lukosiene Dalia , Kozlovski Vitalij
Published: December 2014

Recently, a significant increase in demand for high-end offices, public and administrative buildings with the installed reliable security, alarm and automatic fire tracking systems as well as requirements for possessing operating comfortable microclimate support systems have been registered in Lithuania. The failures of such systems and false alarms tend to be rather common due to the deleterious effects of electromagnetic disturbances. Therefore, the work analyzes the reasons and causes for the disorders of the previously mentioned systems and presents the findings of the experimental study on sensors.
Investigation of the Traveling-Wave Oscillations of Piezoelectric Cylinder
Authors: Lučinskis Raimundas , Mažeika Dalius , Bansevičius Ramutis
Published: December 2014

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used for the nano/micro positioning and adjustment systems. In the paper, the investigation on the oscillations of contacting surfaces of the piezoelectric thick-walled cylinder is presented. Piezoelectric cylinder is the main component of piezomechanical system named as piezo-screw and is used to turn the screw. This investigated piezomechanical system can be used for the precise positioning with a high resolution (less than 50 nanometers). Piezoelectric cylinder has radial polarization. Traveling-wave oscillations of the second circumferential modal shape (n = 2, m = 1) are excited. Three different electrode topologies are used to drive the screw. Electrodes are grouped into upper and low groups in both topology cases. Each group consists of six electrodes where positions of corresponding electrodes in upper and lower group are shifted by π/6. Numerical investigation of the traveling wave oscillation is performed and dependencies oscillation trajectories of contact surfaces on excitation schemes are determined when three different electrode topologies are used. Dependency of oscillations of contacting points upon length of the actuator is analyzed as well. Advantages and disadvantages of each excitation case are discussed.
A Reconfigurable Control System for a PA-PVD Technology Test Stand
Authors: Przybylski Jan , Majcher Andrzej , Neska Mirosław
Published: December 2014

The construction of technological test stands is connected with the problem of a proper determination of the structure of the stands enabling the execution of technological processes with different types of instruments and devices. The article presents the test stand for Plasma–Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (PA-PVD) technological processes. The configurability of the stand was achieved thanks to the modular structure of the stand and the use of appropriate software and hardware solutions. The authors describe the developed solution facilitating the execution of plasma processes applied for surface engineering.
Measurement and Analysis of Human Lower Limbs Movement Parameters during Walking
Authors: Zhigailov Sergei , Kuznetcov Artem , Musalimov Victor , Aryassov Gennady
Published: December 2014

It is necessary to analyze human gait for treatment and rehabilitation of human with musculoskeletal disorders of the locomotion apparatus (LA). The main goal of this work is evaluation of locomotion apparatus motion parameters captured by inertial measurement units (IMU) during walking. Motion Capture technology is process of getting practical results and data from IMU installed in different parts of human lower limbs. Synchronously, IMU send information about human movements to PC at the same moment of time. Such method gives an opportunity to follow parameters in some points of human leg in real time. The way of devices mounting and instruction for human under monitoring are based on related medical projects. Walking is selected for estimation of the musculoskeletal system as typical action. Experiment results got from several experiments were considered and analyzed.Basically, walking is described as a set of the system “human” discrete states. In the same time, the IMU sensors transmit motion parameters data continuously. It is proposed to present the man as a system with a control signal in the form of the double support period. The length will be measured using data from IMU. Double support period is chosen because its presence distinguishes walking from running.The most attention is given to getting the same practical results and data that can be obtained by placing the devices in different parts of the body. Moreover, a technique of using inertial measurement devices for measuring human motion to get some numerical results is shown. The use of this technique in practice demonstrated that it can be used to obtain an objective parameter describing the motion of the person. Continuation of this work is directed to create a complete model of the lower limbs motion for usage in practice [1].
Dynamic Research on Precision Angle Measurement Comparator
Authors: Kasparaitis Albinas , Kilikevičius Artūras , Vėžys Joris , Prokopovič Valdemar , Makarskas Vytautas
Published: December 2014

The aim of the research was to determine the mechanical stability of angle measurement comparator’s system. For that purpose, vibrations were measured at the significant points of the system and dynamic characteristics of the system were established.
Influence of Joining Method for Mechanical Properties of 5083, 5059 and 7020 Aluminum Alloys Joints
Authors: Dudzik Krzysztof , Czechowski Mirosław
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7020 and its FSW and MIG welded joints. For comparison, alloy 5083 – the most currently used in shipbuilding alloy was chosen as well as 5059 – the new high-strength alloy. Besides, the native material alloys there were investigated their joints welded by FSW and MIG – the same methods as alloy 7020. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets made of 7020, 5083 and 5059 alloys were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints.Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods, especially MIG, which is the most common method of joining aluminum alloys used in shipbuilding. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standards PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of +20 oC.Friction stir welded joints of tested alloys have higher strength properties as compared to MIG welded joints. The 7020 alloy has higher strength properties then alloys 5083 and 5059. The yield stress is higher by 14.8% as compared to alloy 5083, and by 11.7% as compared to the alloy 5059. Plastic properties of alloy 7020 are the lowest, but with reserves meet the requirements of classification societies. The joints welded by FSW of alloy 7020 have the highest strength properties of all researched joints – higher then alloys 5083 and 5059 joints welded by FSW and joints of all alloys welded by MIG.
Approximate Dynamic Programming in the Sensor-Based Navigation of the Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Hendzel Zenon , Szuster Marcin
Published: December 2014

The article presents a new approach to the sensor-based navigation of wheeled mobile robot Pioneer 2-DX in the unknown 2-D environment with static obstacles. The navigation task has been developed using a discrete hierarchical control system with a path planning layer and a tracking control layer designed using approximate dynamic programming algorithms. The navigator realises a behavioural control approach to the path planning process using the adaptive coordination of two simple behaviours: “goal-seeking” and “obstacle avoiding”. The main part of the navigator is the Action-Dependant Heuristic Dynamic Programming structure realised in a form of the actor and critic neural networks. To avoid the time consuming trial and error learning, additional proportional controllers generating signals that prompt the direction of the sub-optimal control law seeking process at the beginning of the NNs adaptation process are arranged in the navigator. The tracking control layer is composed of a PD controller, the Dual Heuristic Dynamic Programming algorithm and a supervisory term. It generates control signal for DC motors of the robot. The performance of the proposed discrete control system was verified by a series of experiments conducted using wheeled mobile robot Pioneer 2-DX equipped with one laser and eight ultrasonic range finders that provide object detection.
Destruction of Epoxy Coatings under the Influence of Sodium Chloride Water Solutions
Authors: Kotnarowska Danuta
Published: December 2014

The paper discusses the influence of ageing with sodium chloride water (3, 10, 20%) solutions on the destruction of epoxy coatings. The immersion of coatings in these media has caused the destruction of the coating surface in the form of cracks and increased roughness proportionally to the immersion period. The degree of surface destruction has increased along with the concentration of sodium chloride solution. Also, on the other hand, the inside structure of the coating has been subjected to changes that have occurred in the form of porosity growing with an increase in the ageing period.
Electric Multi-Module Catapult Dynamics
Authors: Lisauskas Saulius , Poška Algimantas Juozas , Uznys Donatas
Published: December 2014

Electric catapults can be used for automatic information storage in radioactive environment. Dynamics of a transport system with the potential of route flexibility was investigated. This system is made up of stand-alone modules, therefore further expansion is possible. Modules consist of mechanical part (rails for the cart), electrical part (inductor of a linear induction motor (LIM) and electromagnetic brake) and electronic part (thyristor commutator). Cargo cart is mounted on the LIM’s secondary unit that can be catapulted from any station (module) to another. First LIM’s inductor starts the secondary, ejects it out of primary’s range. Inertia of the cart allows it to reach the next station which in turn can either accelerate it or stop it. Position detectors (Hall effect sensors) are used for estimating cart movement. Electromagnetic brakes are used as dynamic braking is not effective in this case. A computer model was designed and various operating modes are simulated (upon non-zero initial conditions).
Welds of Dissimilar Steel 1.0038/1.4301: Increasing Corrosion Resistance by the Optimization of Welding Parameters and Post-Weld Processing
Authors: Višniakov Nikolaj , Škamat Jelena , Nagurnas Saulius
Published: December 2014

The corrosion of exploited motor vehicles and important or potentially dangerous structures is not a new problem of engineering [1]. However, nowadays, it still remains one of the most burning questions of manufacturing welding structures. There are a number of established methods and technological solutions allowing improvements to the premature corrosion resistance of exploited welded joints and structural elements. In the majority of cases, different protective coatings are used. However, protective coatings are not applicable for some structures in food and medical industry as well as for some other big dissimilar-material structures of a complicated shape. In such cases, the corrosion resistance of welded structures may be provided by other technological means. The present research is aimed at investigating the efficiency of such methods. Several different welding technological solutions and post-weld surface treatments have been applied. The corrosion resistance of the obtained welded joints has been evaluated conducting tests on corrosion under laboratory conditions. The obtained results and conclusions of the present research may be useful for manufacturers solving the problems of the corrosion resistance of welded dissimilar-steel structures.
The Analysis of Laser Modification of the Surface of SLS Specimens
Authors: Markovic Vladislav , Černašėjus Olegas
Published: December 2014

In the Paper, an analysis of laser modification of the surface of specimens produced of powder steel 1.2083 by SLS (selective laser sintering) method is carried out. Three main structures being formed on laser modification of the sintered steels are presented: periodical, interim and degrading. The dependence of the changes of the technological parameters of the laser equipment on the geometrical parameters of the specimen under processing is provided.
Possibilities of Application of Agent-Based Systems to Support Functioning of e-Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz Anna Danuta , Sękala Agnieszka
Published: December 2014

This article presents the analysis of a possibility of application of agent-based technology in the e-manufacturing environment. The philosophy of e-manufacturing is a response to the demand of gaining the competitive advantage as a result of a simultaneous reduction of goods/materials in stock and the increase of the quality level of customer service. It consists in the complete integration of the company’s environment, i.e. the areas connected with production and the areas related to company’s administration and management. It may be done on the basis of communication applying cutting-edge IT technology with the use of intelligent IT techniques. Agent-based systems constitute a relatively new approach to analysing, designing as well as implementing scattered applications meant to be used in the dynamic environment of e-manufacturing.
Vibration Damping Using Laminated Elastomeric Structures
Authors: Polukoshko Svetlana , Gonca Vladimirs , Svabs Jurujs
Published: December 2014

The work considers using a multilayer elastomeric package for the vibroisolation of engineering constructions under the action of periodic vibration. The multilayer elastomeric package is located between the protected object and a vibrating base; it consists of alternating thin metallic and elastomeric layers jointed by vulcanization or gluing. The paper discusses flat rubber-metal elements of circular shapes with reinforcing steel layers and describes kinematic excitation directed flatwise. The analytical expression of the characteristics of the compression stiffness of the plane multilayered elastomeric structure is derived on the basis of the variational principle, and metallic plates-layers are assumed to be perfectly rigid. An analytical solution was confirmed by experimental data. The fitted equation for “force-displacement” was derived and used in the equation of motion on of the protected object.
Numerical Simulation of the Rolling Process of Pipeline Sheet
Authors: Kawałek Anna , Magiera Monika , Dyja Henryk , Knapiński Marcin , Koczurkiewicz Bartosz , Kwapisz Marcin
Published: December 2014

The Institute of Metal Forming and Safety Engineering has developed technology for manufacturing grade X80 pipeline plates according to European standard EN 10208-2. Experimental chemical compositions ensuring a high level of yield strength have been developed. The article describes a method for selecting chemical composition [1]. The advancement of rolling technology takes much time and many calculations. Thus, using numerical simulations provides a possibility of a theoretical analysis of the plates made from new materials [4], [5]. Preliminary studies [1] have disclosed a large volume of deformations during the rolling process, which causes the distortion of rolls and generates heavy loads. For the theoretical analysis of rolling plates, Forge 2008® was used. The paper presents the obtained results of energy analysis and strength parameters displayed in Figure 1. The article considers a total amount of pressure on metal rollers and changes in the rolling moment.
Safety Issues Concerning Robotic Welding of Large Elements
Authors: Klimasara Wojciech J. , Pilat Zbigniew , Słowikowski Marcin
Published: December 2014

Robotic welding of large elements poses significant difficulties regarding the technological process, robot functions and the safety of the operator and other people. The health risks involved arise out of the weight of elements, high heat capacity, harmful gases and fumes. Under the Eureka project, the PIAP team is developing a model of a robotized cell designed mainly for welding large elements. Occupational safety is of paramount importance and hence is a constructive discussion on occupational health risk factors. The replacement of human workers with robots on assembly nests, especially in SMEs, eliminates the exposure of workers to hazard, but is focused on a reduction in employment rather than in significant improvements to the workplace. The paper analyzes and discusses European safety regulations contained in the European directives and applicable EN standards. Appropriate safety programs of diverse welding processes and materials to be implemented by designers and suppliers of robotic welding stations and lines, as well as by the users thereof, will be indicated.
Chosen Problems of Selection the Basic Chassis for the Special Purpose Body
Authors: Kosobudzki Mariusz , Jamroziak Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

The chosen problems of selection the basic chassis for special purpose body are presented in the paper. The technical data of chassis have to go through various tests, most often within the proving ground tests. The paper contains the analysis of chosen tests and their usefulness in the design process of special purpose vehicle.
Computer Modeling and Research of FML Composites Using the Method of Features
Authors: Majzner Michał , Baier Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The use of modern materials, such as composite materials, enabling the production of new or modifying the existing design solutions, and improvement of their technical characteristics in their use in the design, engineering and manufacturing process, allows achieving an improvement of their endurance, physical and chemical properties to match the features and functionality that comply with assumptions. In research studies, it has been proposed to systematize and formalize features in the context of modeling and fabrication of objects created on the basis of structural fiber composites. The result of the study and analysis will be precisely adapted algorithm of the design and construction process and also fabrication of the structural objects made upon using composite materials. The process of multicriteria optimization and stress analysis upon using CAx-class software will enable to reduce the probability of failure or damage to the modified component.
Analysis of the Aluminum Bars in Three-High Skew Rolling Mill Rolling Process
Authors: Stefanik Andrzej , Szota Piotr , Mróz Sebastian , Dyja Henryk
Published: December 2014

One of the modern methods of production of round bars is the process of rolling in three-high skew rolling mill. This method enables the production of bars with both standard materials as well as hard deformation materials. In this paper, the results of theoretical and laboratory research of the 20 mm aluminum A1050 round rods rolling in three-high skew rolling mill process are presented. The numerical analysis was carried out upon applying the Forge 2011® software package. Based on the theoretical research, the stress, strain and temperature distribution during the rolling process were determined. In order to verify the numerical results, rolling aluminum rods were explored in laboratory conditions.
Geometry and Programming in the Drawing for the Artificial Intelligence Experience
Authors: Sokas Algirdas , Čiupaila Lionginas , Makutėnienė Daiva
Published: December 2014

This paper analyzes a computer program of virtual robot in the drawing. The objective is to find way between two points in the flat space with graphical objects fences. This is an idealized task that a robot has to solve seeking to find its way in the environment (drawing). The virtual robot uses the graphical sensors system and the fuzzy navigation system to find way between the start and target points. Before making another step toward the goal, the robot checks the environment: draws a line in front, two lines to the right and to the left, and if there are points of intersection with other graphical objects makes the decision to turn angle. Fuzzy controller ensures the robot's behavior. The computer program of robot navigation system in the drawing is analyzed. Intelligent robot system is discussed and conclusions are made.
Analysis of the Shape of Stamp on the Distribution of Deformation in the Process of Alternate Pressing and Multiaxial Compression
Authors: Kwapisz Marcin
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the alternate indirect extrusion and multiaxial compression process, performed using commercial software designed for the thermomechanical analysis of plastic working processes, Forge 2009. The paper presents selected results on the distribution of deformation in the process of alternating extrusion and multiaxial compression. Examples of modifications to the shape of the die and punch, and their effect on the kinetics of the material flow as well as the likelihood of defects of materials are provided. The results confirm that suitable modifying the shape of the die and punch enables to obtain a material with no internal defects. Iterative process, alternating squeezing and multiaxial compressive strain allows the accumulation of which results in fragmentation of the microstructure.
The Influence of a Torus Shaped Auto-Equalizer on the Vibrations of Rotary Systems
Authors: Strautmanis Guntis , Jurjev Vadim , Grinevich Ivans
Published: December 2014

Rotary systems are frequently used in different kinds of machines and devices, and therefore the problem of vibrations observed in rotary systems play a crucial role. The article analyses a ball-shaped auto-equalizer with a vertical axis the body of which is placed relatively eccentric to the rotation axis. The auto-equalizer with a torus-shaped body contains one ball-shaped adjustment mass moving freely within the body of the auto-equalizer both in circularly and crosswise directions. This reduces resistance force in the ball motion mode to the minimum, and, at the same time, decreases the possibility of starting the auto-equalizer.Making the analysis of experimental research on the ball-shaped auto-equalizer has led to the conclusion that, along with the working mode when the ball stops relatively at the rotating body from the opposite to imbalance side, there is another mode when the ball is moving relatively continuously to the body of the auto-equalizer. It has been stated that the ball in the working mode is affected by forces trying to move it to the body of the auto-equalizer opposite to the imbalance. The closer is the ball to the optimum place the smaller is tangential force influencing the ball. A mathematical model for the auto-equalizer consisting of two differential equations has been developed.
Research of Soil Compression and Tillage Precision Parameters of Tractor and Gantry Units
Authors: Viselga Gintas , Jasėnas Audrius , Jasinskas Algirdas , Kaminski Edmund
Published: December 2014

The new generation of the tractors with the front and rear linking systems makes more perfect combined aggregates, when some of them are mounted on the front of the tractor and others on the rear of the tractor. Thus the soils can be significantly compacted by the wheels of the tractors.Gantry agriculture has great influence on the soil structure. The possibilities to minimize the interaction between the chassis and the soil compression of different types circular and shuttle gantry modules were theoretically investigated. The influence of the unevenness fields on curvature of chassis ways and to selection of the chassis types were investigated.
A Combination of Non-Formal and Formal Education Systems for the Students Studying Mechatronics Engineering and Improving Practical Skills and Synergistic Abilities
Authors: Jasėnas Audrius , Toločka Eligijus
Published: December 2014

The article analyses the possibilities of and demand for a combination of non-formal and formal education systems for the students studying mechatronics engineering and improving practical skills and synergistic abilities. The paper surveys the sector of Lithuanian engineering industry as well as its competitiveness and non-formal education of young specialists relevant to the sector. The publication also reviews the results of profit and demand for non-formal education projects concerning the students studying mechatronics engineering. The piece of writing provides a model and its logical scheme for improving the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of young mechatronics specialists through non-formal education.
Embryonic stem cell therapy for osteo-degenerative diseases - Methods and protocols
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto
Published: December 2014

Embryonic stem cell therapy for osteo-degenerative diseases - Methods and protocols
Amino acid content in red wines obtained from grapevine nitrogen foliar treatments: consumption during the alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Portu Javier , López Rosa , López-Alfaro Isabel , González-Arenzana Lucía , Santamaría Pilar , Garde-Cerdán Teresa
Published: December 2014

Nitrogen is an important element for grapevine and winemaking which affects the development of the plant and yeast, and therefore it is important for wine quality. The aim of this work was to study the influence of foliar application to vineyard of proline, phenylalanine and urea and two commercial nitrogen fertilizers, without and with amino acids in their formulation, on the wine amino acid content and their consumption during the alcoholic fermentation. The results showed that these treatments did not affect the amino acid composition in wines. The differences observed for certain amino acids were so small that the concentration of total amino acids was not significantly different among wines. Moreover, it was observed that the higher the content of amino acids in the medium, the greater their consumption during the alcoholic fermentation.
Journal club: Integrating research awareness into postgraduate nurse training
Authors: Davis Clare , Hendry Inger , Barlow Hilary , Leonard Angela , White Lee-Ann , Coetzee Minette
Published: December 2014

Background: Evidence-based nursing requires nurses to maintain an awareness of recently published research findings to integrate into their clinical practice. In the South African setting keeping up with recent literature has additional challenges, including the diversity of nurses’ home language, geographically foreign origins of published work, and limited economic resources. Students enrolled in a postgraduate programme came from various paediatric settings and displayed limited awareness of nursing literature as an evidence base for practice.Objectives: The study aimed to design and introduce a journal club as an educational strategy into the postgraduate programmes in children’s nursing at the University of Cape Town (UCT), and then to refine the way it is used to best serve programme outcomes and facilitate student learning whilst still being an enjoyable activity.Method: An action research methodology using successive cycles of ‘assess-plan-act-observe’ was used to design, implement and refine the structure of a journal club within the postgraduate diploma programme over four academic years. Six educators actively tracked and reflected on journal club sessions, and then analysed findings during and after each annual cycle to plan improvement and increasing programme alignment.Results: Considerable refinement of the intervention included changing how it was structured, the preparation required by both students and educators, the article selection process and the intervention’s alignment with other learning activities in the programme.Conclusion: Journal club facilitated an increase in student awareness and reading of nursing literature, offering the opportunity to consider application of published research to current nursing practice. Another benefit was enabling students to become familiar with the specialised and technical language of research, children’s nursing and the critical care of children and neonates, by speaking about these in peer settings.
Delayed inoculation of alfalfa with Sinorhizobium meliloti and Penicillium bilaiae
Authors: Knight J. D.
Published: December 2014

Knight, J. D. 2015. Delayed inoculation of alfalfa with Sinorhizobium meliloti and Penicillium bilaiae. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 205–211. The persistence of perennial forage legume crops relies on the establishment of an effective symbiotic relationship with the appropriate Rhizobium species and strain. Situations can arise where a forage legume crop fails to symbiotically fix N2. This study investigates if inoculation of alfalfa with a commercial Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculant 1 yr after seeding can induce biological N2 fixation at levels similar to those achieved when the inoculant is applied at seeding. Alfalfa (Medicago meliloti cv. Algonkwin) was grown at two sites in Saskatchewan and inoculated with S. meliloti or S. meliloti plus the P-solubilizing fungus Penicillium bilaiae. The inoculants were applied at seeding or applied 1 yr after seeding. Biological N2 fixation was measured in the fall of the delayed inoculation year as percentage of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) using the 15N isotope dilution technique. Inoculation with S. meliloti increased %Ndfa at both sites relative to uninoculated and fertilized controls but had no effect on total N content or yield. Inoculating alfalfa the year after seeding increased %Ndfa relative to the controls at both sites, and at one of the sites %Ndfa in the delayed treatments was at the same levels measured in the year of seeding treatments.
Seed size and seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield and seed weight
Authors: Harker K. N. , O’Donovan J. T. , Smith E. G. , Johnson E. N. , Peng G. , Willenborg C. J. , Gulden R. H. , Mohr R. , Gill K. S. , Grenkow L. A.
Published: December 2014

Harker, K. N., O’Donovan, J. T., Smith, E. G., Johnson, E. N., Peng, G., Willenborg, C. J., Gulden, R. H., Mohr, R., Gill, K. S. and Grenkow, L. A. 2015. Seed size and seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield and seed weight. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1–8. Canola (Brassica napus L.) is the most common dicotyledonous crop in Canada. Here we determine the effect of canola seed size and seeding rate on canola emergence, development, yield and seed weight. In 2013, direct-seeded experiments were conducted at nine western Canada locations. Four canola seed sizes (1000-seed weights ranging from 3.96 to 5.7 g) and one un-sized treatment (4.4 g average) were seeded at two rates (75 and 150 seeds m−2). Higher seeding rates led to higher canola emergence and stubble density at harvest. Higher seeding rates also increased early crop biomass, 1000-seed weights and seed oil content and reduced days to start of flowering and days to crop maturity. Seed size effects on canola emergence, yield or seed quality were not significant. Increasing seed size had a positive linear association with early canola biomass and 1000-seed weights, whereas, both days to flowering and days to the end of flowering had a negative linear association with seed size. Greater biomass from large seeds increases crop competition with weeds and also hastens flowering, shortens the flowering period and reduces the risk that canola will be exposed to high temperatures that can negatively impact flowering and pod development.
Agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near-isogenic lines differing at the Waxy (Wx) locus
Authors: Hucl Pierre , Ramachandran Adithya
Published: December 2014

Hucl, P. and Ramachandran, A. 2015. Agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near-isogenic lines differing at the Waxy (Wx) locus. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 201–204. Null mutations of the Waxy gene in all three genomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produce a waxy starch phenotype. The agronomic performance of 32 waxy, partially waxy and wild-type near-isogenic spring wheat lines and four check cultivars was assessed at two locations over three cropping seasons. Differences in grain yield, kernel weight and test weight among allelic groups were generally small. The results of our study suggest that no significantly negative effects are likely to occur in the commercial cultivation of partially waxy wheat lines derived from a CWRS cultivar.
Fish effluents promote root growth and suppress fungal diseases in tomato transplants
Authors: Gravel Valérie , Dorais Martine , Dey Dipa , Vandenberg Grant
Published: December 2014

Gravel, V., Dorais, M., Dey, D. and Vandenberg, G. 2015. Fish effluents promote root growth and suppress fungal diseases in tomato transplants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 427–436. Aquaculture systems generate large amounts of wastes which may constitute a beneficial amendment for horticultural crop in terms of nutrients, plant growth promoter and disease suppressiveness. This study aimed to determine (1) the nutrient value of rainbow trout farming effluents coming from two feed regimes and (2) the plant growth and disease suppressiveness effects of those fish farming effluents on tomato transplants. The effluent sludge from Skretting Orient™ (SO) had a higher content of P (38 vs. 32 mg L−1), K (23 vs. 11 mg L−1), N (19 vs. to 11 mg NO3 L−1; 186 vs. 123 mg NH4 L−1), and a higher NO3:NH4 ratio (1:9 vs. 1:13) compared with the Martin Classic (MC), while MC was richer in Mg (42 vs. 24 mg L−1) and Ca (217 vs. 169 mg L−1). For the first trial, a stimulating effect of the fish effluent was observed on plant height, leaf area and root dry biomass, while only the root biomass was increased during the second trial. Fish sludge was rich in microorganisms (97 and 142 µg fluorescein h−1 mL−1 for SO and MC, respectively) and their ability to suppress Pythium ultimum Trow and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen was observed. Both crude fish effluents reduced in vitro mycelial growth of P. ultimum and F. oxysporum, by 100 and 32%, respectively, while MC effluents showed a higher inhibition against F. oxysporum. When fish effluents were sterilized by filtration or autoclaving, lower in vitro inhibition of P. ultimum and F. oxysporum was observed. Mixed fish effluents reduced tomato plant root colonization by P. ultimum (by up to 5.7-fold) and F. oxysporum (by up to 2.1-fold). These results showed that fish effluent can be used as soil amendments to promote plant growth and increase soil suppressiveness, which in turn can prevent soil-borne diseases.
Selective Neck Dissection: A Novel Technique for Second Branchial Arch Anomalies
Authors: Raj Sagaya , Mohiyuddin Azeem , Mohammadi Kouser , Merchant Shuaib , Deo Ravindra P , Nawaz Samdani
Published: December 2014

Introduction

To propose an operation similar to selective neck dissection (levels II, III and IV) as a method of successful management of second arch branchial anomalies.

Materials and methods

We did a prospective study on patients with branchial arch anomalies from the years 2009 to 2013. They underwent minimal radiological workup. All of them underwent a novel surgical procedure similar to selective neck dissection (levels II, III, IV) that lead to excision of the tract. Patients were followed up for an average period of 2 years.

Results

We had seven patients which included two branchial sinus, three cysts and two fistulae. All of them were operated and the tract was identified and completely excised by the above approach. None of them had any complications or recurrence on follow-up.

Conclusion

Branchial arch anomalies are rare congenital problems posing a significant challenge to an ENT surgeon. Inadequate and inappropriate surgeries resulting in recurrences are quite common. Attempts to get either a sinogram or fistulogram are often a failure and cumbersome.

Selective neck dissection from levels II to IV is a surgical maneuver which allows access to the involved anatomical segment of the neck. Thus, it is a structured and methodical approach that comprehensively leads to excision of the complete tract. It also reduces the chances of complications. Recurrences are rare with this technique.

How to cite this article

Merchant S, Mohiyuddin A, Deo RP, Raj S, Nawaz S, Mohammadi K. Selective Neck Dissection: A Novel Technique for Second Branchial Arch Anomalies. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(2):57-60.
Arthrocentesis: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Temporomandibular Joint Pain
Authors: Kini Yogesh , Thakkar Snehal H , Padhye Mukul , Desai Rujuta , Shah Vaibhav , Pawar Suraj , Shevale Vruturaj , Mehta Frank
Published: December 2014

The aim of this article is to provide emergency care to the diseased temporomandibular joint (TMJ) when conservative methods have failed to do so and to increase mouth opening, especially in cases of closed lock.

Our study was carried out on 18 healthy adult individuals who reported to our institute complaining of pain in one or both TMJs and restricted mouth opening. Mouth opening of each patient was recorded in mm prior to the procedure and pain recorded on a visual analog scale (VAS).

Arthrocentesis was performed using 100 cc of Lactated Ringers solution on these individuals after conservative management of these individuals failed, followed by injection of Dexamethasone in the superior joint space. Pain was once again recorded on a VAS and mouth opening in mm 1 day after the procedure, then after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months.

In this sample, mean mouth opening (MMO) prior to the procedure was 24.3 mm (SD ± 3.114), ranging from 18 to 30 mm. MMO postarthrocentesis was 37.85 mm (SD ± 7.457), ranging from 28 to 55 mm.

From this study, the following conclusions may be drawn:

Arthrocentesis is an effective mode of treatment for closed lock of the TMJ when conservative methods have failed. Mouth opening is seen to increase in patients with restricted mouth opening due to closed lock of the TMJ. It provides instant relief from pain and has long lasting effects.

How to cite this article

Thakkar SH, Padhye M, Kini Y, Desai R, Shah V, Pawar S, Shevale V, Mehta F. Arthrocentesis: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Temporomandibular Joint Pain. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(2):61-65.
Impact of Running a Behavior Therapy Room for Various Categories of Urinary Incontinence Cases in Different Age Groups in Obstetrics-Gynecology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Sharma Meenakshi , Jain Vanita , Dudeja Puja , Kaur Tejinder
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects > 60% women. Its management is simple with the use of Kegel exercises. However, very few studies have been done in India about this problem and its solution.

Objective

To assess the impact of running a behavior therapy room (BTR) for various categories of UI cases in different age groups in obstetrics gynecology outpatient department (OBG-OPD) of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and methods

Patients of UI were referred from gynecology OPD to BTR. There was trained staff available in BTR to teach Kegel exercises and related behavior therapy to the patients. Records of the patients were maintained. Follow-up was done through phone calls and personal visits of UI patients.

Results

A total of 251 cases were registered in BTR over 2 years. Overall 126 patients got relief from urine incontinence and prolapse of pelvic floor organs after BT.

Conclusion

Establishment of a separate room (BTR) with trained staff can be done in OBG department to teach Kegel exercises and to provide relief to women suffering from UI and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Recommendation

Behavior therapy room should be established in gynecology OPDs of all hospitals.

How to cite this article

Kaur T, Dudeja P, Sharma M, Jain V, Singh A. Impact of Running a Behavior Therapy Room for Various Categories of Urinary Incontinence Cases in Different Age Groups in Obstetrics-Gynecology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(4):159-163.