bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxin/antitoxin systems induce persistence and work in concert with restriction/modification systems to inhibit phage
Authors: Fernández-García Laura , Song Sooyeon , Kirigo Joy , Battisti Michael E. , Petersen Maiken E. , Tomás María , Wood Thomas K.
Published: December 2023

Myriad bacterial anti-phage systems have been described and often the mechanism of programmed cell death is invoked for phage inhibition. However, there is little evidence of “suicide” under physiological conditions for these systems. Instead of death to stop phage propagation, we show here that persister cells, i.e., transiently-tolerant, dormant, antibiotic-insensitive cells, are formed and survive using the
Escherichia coli
C496_10 tripartite toxin/antitoxin system MqsR/MqsA/MqsC to inhibit T2 phage. Specifically, MqsR/MqsA/MqsC inhibited T2 phage by 10
5
-fold and reduced T2 titers by 3,000-fold. During T2 phage attack, in the presence of MqsR/MqsA/MqsC, evidence of persistence includes the single-cell physiological change of reduced metabolism (via flow cytometry), increased spherical morphology (via transmission electron microscopy), and heterogeneous resuscitation. Critically, we found restriction-modification systems (primarily EcoK McrBC) work in concert with the toxin/antitoxin system to inactivate phage, likely while the cells are in the persister state. Hence, a phage attack invokes a stress response similar to antibiotics, starvation, and oxidation, which leads to persistence, and this dormant state likely allows restriction/modification systems to clear phage DNA.

IMPORTANCE

To date, there are no reports of phage infection-inducing persistence. Therefore, our results are important since we show for the first time that a phage-defense system, the MqsRAC toxin/antitoxin system, allows the host to survive infection by forming persister cells, rather than inducing cell suicide. Moreover, we demonstrate that the MqsRAC system works in concert with restriction/modification systems. These results imply that if phage therapy is to be successful, anti-persister compounds need to be administered along with phages.
Regional and temporal variations of spontaneous coronary artery dissection care according to consensus recommendations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dang Quan , Othman Farrah , Sheahen Brodie , Marschner Simone , Psaltis Peter , Al-Lamee Rasha Kadem , Szirt Richard , Chong James , Zaman Sarah
Published: December 2023

Aim

The first expert consensus documents on management of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) were published in 2018. Worldwide quality of care, as measured by adherence to these recommendations, has not been systematically reviewed. We aim to review the proportion of patients with SCAD receiving consensus recommendations globally, regionally and, determine differences in practice before and after 2018.

Methods and results

A systematic review was performed by searching four main databases (Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, CINAHL) from their inception to 16 June 2022. Studies were selected if they included patients with SCAD and reported at least one of the consensus document recommendations. 53 studies, n=8456 patients (mean 50.1 years, 90.6% female) were included. On random effects meta-analysis, 92.1% (95% CI 89.3 to 94.8) received at least one antiplatelet, 78.0% (CI 73.5 to 82.4) received beta-blockers, 58.7% (CI 52.3 to 65.1) received ACE inhibitors or aldosterone receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs), 54.4% (CI 45.4 to 63.5) were screened for fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), and 70.2% (CI 60.8 to 79.5) were referred to cardiac rehabilitation. Except for cardiac rehabilitation referral and use of ACEIs/ARBs, there was significant heterogeneity in all other quality-of-care parameters, across geographical regions. No significant difference was observed in adherence to recommendations in studies published before and after 2018, except for lower cardiac rehabilitation referrals after 2018 (test of heterogeneity, p=0.012).

Conclusion

There are significant variations globally in the management of patients with SCAD, particularly in FMD screening. Raising awareness about consensus recommendations and further prospective evidence about their effect on outcomes may help improve the quality of care for these patients.
His bundle pacing in nodal versus infranodal atrioventricular block: a mid-term follow-up study
Authors: Pestrea Catalin , Cicala Ecaterina , Gherghina Alexandra , Ortan Florin , Pop Dana
Published: December 2023

Introduction

This study evaluated the feasibility of His bundle pacing (HBP) in consecutive, unselected patients with advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) over a medium-term follow-up period, comparing procedural characteristics between nodal and infranodal sites of the conduction block.

Materials and methods

Seventy-five consecutive patients with second-degree or third-degree AVB in which HBP was attempted were prospectively included in this study. The clinical and procedural-related characteristics of the patients were recorded at baseline and over a mid-term follow-up.

Results

72% of the patients had normal QRS duration at baseline. Intracardiac electrograms revealed nodal AVB in 46 patients (61.3%). The permanent HBP procedural success was significantly higher in nodal AVB (84.8%) vs infranodal AVB (31%). There was no statistical difference between paced QRS duration, impedance, pacing and sensing thresholds and fluoroscopy time in the two groups. Infranodal block, baseline QRS duration, left bundle branch block morphology and ejection fraction were significantly associated with HBP procedural failure. The patients were followed for a period of 627.71±160.93 days. There were no significant differences in parameters at follow-up. An increase of >1 V in the His bundle (HB) capture threshold was encountered in one patient with infranodal AVB (11.1 %) and in four patients with nodal AVB (10.25%).

Conclusion

Permanent HBP is a feasible pacing technique in nodal AVB with a high success rate and stable thresholds in the medium term. Most infranodal blocks are located within the HB, so there is still the possibility to capture the conduction system, although with lower success rates.
Conditions for anti-Unruh effect
Authors: Wu Dawei , Yang Ji-chong , Shi Yu
Published: December 2023

Conditions for anti-Unruh effect in (1+1)-dimensional spacetime are obtained. For detectors with Gaussian switching functions, the analytical results are similar to previous ones, indicating that anti-Unruh effect occurs when the energy gap matches the characteristic time scale. However, this conclusion does not hold for detectors with square wave switching functions, in which case the condition turns out to depend on both the energy gap and the characteristic time scale in some nontrivial way. We also show analytically that there is no anti-Unruh effect for detectors with Gaussian switching functions in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime.
Advances in Therapies Targeting Inhibitory Checkpoint Receptors: TIGIT, LAG-3, and Beyond
Authors: Healy Jane A. , Han Jin-Hwan , Bauché David , Keenan Tanya E. , Casasnovas-Nieves Jose , Dobrenkov Konstantin
Published: December 2023

Progress in our understanding of how tumor cells co-opt immune checkpoint receptor (ICR) regulation of the immune response to suppress T cell function and how these proteins interact in the tumor microenvironment has resulted in the development of a plethora of therapeutic ICR monoclonal antibodies. While anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have provided meaningful clinical benefit in patients with certain cancers, many patients either do not respond or experience disease progression. As such, dual blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and ICRs with alternative mechanisms of action has the potential to improve outcomes in patients with cancer. In this review, we focus on the biology of and clinical investigations into two promising ICR targets: LAG-3 and TIGIT. The data suggest that blockade of these ICRs in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 in immune-sensitive tumors could enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy without increased toxicity, facilitate combinations with standard-of-care therapies, and extend treatment benefit to more patients.
RAS and SHOC2 Roles in RAF Activation and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Bonsor Daniel A. , Simanshu Dhirendra K.
Published: December 2023

Mutations in RAS proteins play a pivotal role in the development of human cancers, driving persistent RAF activation and deregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. While progress has been made in targeting specific oncogenic RAS proteins, effective drug-based therapies for most RAS mutations remain limited. Recent investigations into RAS–RAF complexes and the SHOC2–MRAS–PP1C holoenzyme complex have provided crucial insights into the structural and functional aspects of RAF activation within the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, these studies have also unveiled new blueprints for developing inhibitors, allowing us to think beyond the current RAS and MEK inhibitors. In this review, we explore the roles of RAS and SHOC2 in activating RAF and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to target these proteins. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions involved in RAF activation and their therapeutic implications can potentially drive innovative approaches in combating RAS-/RAF-driven cancers.
Marine Collagen Matrix Carrier with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Management of Gingival Recession Defects
Authors: Krishnaraj Deepikha , Parthasarathy Harinath , Tadepalli Anupama , Ponnaaiyan Deepa , Raj A. Thirumal , Patil Shankargouda , Ghosh Snehashish
Published: December 2023

Background. The gold standard in the management of gingival recession (GR) defects has been connective tissue graft (CTG) with coronally advanced flap (CAF). But patient morbidity associated with graft harvesting is a major drawback and has led to the development of various substitute biomaterials which have been tried and tested. Aim. Our study is aimed at checking the efficacy of marine collagen matrix (MCM) impregnated with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) with modified CAF in the treatment of Miller’s class I and II recession defects. Case Description. Six patients with ten GR defects in maxilla were treated with CAF + MCM + I-PRF. Clinical parameters like recession height (RH), recession width (RW), root coverage (RC%), width of attached gingiva (WAG), keratinized tissue height (KTH), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival biotype (GB), plaque index (PI), and visual analogue score (VAS-E) esthetic scores were evaluated up to six months. There was significant root coverage observed at three- and six-month follow-ups. Conclusion. The proposed treatment was effective in the management of GR defects and improvement in soft tissue biotype without the morbidity associated with soft tissue harvest.
Exploration of Species Diversity as Ecological Conditions Vary to Determine the Possible Areas for Collecting Tree Seeds in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Kegne Tewachew Worku , Aguiar Ananda Virgínia , Wrege Marcos Silveira , de Sousa Valderês Aparecida , de Souza Bruno Marchetti , Gomes Lopes Maria Teresa
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the forest species trees and shrubs that occur in the Amhara region, Ethiopia, for determining the possible areas for collecting seeds and propagations to meet genetic conservation and use programs as well as the recovery of degraded areas. The study was conducted at Fudi Natural Forest in Fagta Lekoma district, Amhara region, northwestern Ethiopia. Using geographic information systems (GISs), the points of presence of species were plotted on the USGS SRTM map (GTOPO30) at 1 : 250,000 scale (USGS, 2018) using Arc GIS 10.1 software (ESRI, 2011). The map has been cropped and presented only for the citizens that contained points of presence of the species. Figures were generated in the JPG format for each species individually, presenting the distribution of each according to the altitude of the region. The maps were elaborated using multiple linear regressions, relating the bioclimatic variables with the numerical models of latitude, longitude, and altitude. Descriptive statistical analysis was initially performed. This was followed by performing a normality test to observe the data distribution. In the region, 1250 individuals of 32 families and 46 species were surveyed. The families most found in the northeast, north, northwest, southwest, southeast, and west regions were Mimosoideae, Euphorbiaceae, Celastraceae, and Rubiaceae.
Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, and Economic Loss of Ovine Hemonchosis at Jimma Town Municipal Abattoir, Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Abagero Fuad Zenu , Beriso Teshita Edaso , Mengistu Tilaye Shibbiru
Published: December 2023

Hemonchosis is considered one of the most severe gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in small ruminants due to the blood feeding habits of the parasites, which results in production loss and death of the animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 at the Jimma town municipal abattoir with the objectives of estimating the occurrence of ovine hemonchosis, investigating potential associated risk factors, and assessing economic loss due to the disease. A total of 374 animals were chosen by systematic random sampling over the study period, and prevalence was estimated based on coprological and postmortem examination for the presence or absence of the parasite according to standard procedures. Accordingly, among the examined sheep, 32.62% and 53.2% were positive for Haemonchus contortus by fecal and postmortem examination, respectively. When the two tests were compared using the latter as the gold standard, the results showed a moderate degree of agreement (kappa

statistic
=
0.597

). The prevalence of H. contortus was found to be statistically significant (

p
<
0.05

) with respect to agroecology and season. The highest prevalence of H. contortus was observed during the semidry season (65.62%) and began to decline gradually from the middle of the semidry season. The lowest prevalence was recorded during the dry season (41.52%). The present study did not find a statistically significant difference in prevalence across different age and sex groups (

p
>
0.05

). The annual financial loss due to abomasum rejection and carcass reduction associated with hemonchosis at the abattoir was estimated to be 358,591.58 Ethiopian birr. It was concluded that hemonchosis was prevalent in the study area, resulting in a significant loss and dictating applicable control and prevention approaches for hemonchosis.
SRSF3 Alleviates Ischemic Cerebral Infarction Damage by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Cui Liangliang , Zhao Shuying , Liu Hong
Published: December 2023

Background: Ischemic cerebral infarction is one of cerebrovascular diseases with high incidence, disability rate, and mortality globally, and neuronal cell apoptosis is a crucial cause of brain injury during cerebral infarction. Methods: A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was built in Sprague-Dawley rats to simulate ischemic cerebral infarction. An in vitro model of ischemic cerebral infarction was constructed in BV2 cells with the treatment of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The role and mechanism of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) in ischemic cerebral infarction were investigated both in animal and cell models. Results: The expression of SRSF3 was downregulated in MCAO-treated rats. Overexpression of SRSF3 reduced the neurological scores, brain water content, and infarct volume in MCAO-induced rats. Increased apoptosis in neurons accompanied with the abnormal expressions of apoptosis-related proteins in MCAO-induced rats were revised with the upregulation of SRSF3. Also, a diminished cell viability and elevated apoptosis rate were indicated in OGD-induced BV2 cells, which were reversed with the overexpression of SRSF3. Besides, OGD induced an enhancement in the relative protein expression of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) and a reduction in the relative expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, which were inverted with the upregulation of SRSF3 in BV2 cells. Overexpression of PDCD4 abolished the role of SRSF3 in cell viability, apoptosis rate, and the level of the PI3K/AKT pathway in OGD-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion: SRSF3 improved ischemic cerebral infarction via PDCD4 in vivo and in vitro, which was closely associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Public Relation Campaign on Social Media
Authors: Wardasari Nilam
Published: December 2023

The evolution of social media has transformed how PR practitioners communicate with the public. Social media enables dynamic and transactional interactions, facilitating the sharing of information, knowledge, trust, values, and opinions informally or formally. The use of social media by public relations practitioners has grown due to advantages such as the ability to convey various types of messages, a broad reach, message reception speed, two-way interaction, and opportunities for message distribution by the audience. However, the use of social media also brings threats, such as the blurring of boundaries between professional and personal realms, as well as concerns related to an organization's failure to engage in dialogues on social media. Therefore, the appropriate strategy is needed in utilizing social media, especially in campaign programs. This paper discusses the role of social media in Public Relations practices and PR campaign strategies on social media.
Media Activism, Cultural Industry and Political Criticism Propaganda
Authors: Firmantoro Verdy
Published: December 2023

Adorno and Gans's thesis regarding the cultural industry is essential to reflect and contextualize in understanding the communication phenomenon, namely, music as a medium for activism. The era of digitalization has given rise to a diversity of technologies that have enabled the birth of alternative platforms to channel creativity as a means of movement. Music is not only an artistic expression but also a medium for propaganda. This study carries out a conceptual analysis of Jerinx's political criticism propaganda practices in its movement music as an effort to influence, persuade, motivate, and even encourage real action to carry out change based on critical awareness. The strategy used by Jerinx to fight market logic represents social criticism, on the one hand turning its back on standardization formulas that lull society, but on the other hand, being able to negotiate the needs of the audience. Market encouragement does not eliminate the essence of culture as a dialectic of social life. Musicians, as critical communicators or activists, have a bargaining position to voice their aspirations. The role of technology in the cultural industry today is more substantial. The penetration of the internet with various platforms has had a significant impact on the framework of democratizing alternative voices. Technology is not just a "musical instrument" in the technical realm but also a movement tool.
As interoperabilidades no processo da documentação e comunicação do patrimônio cultural
Authors: Vizioli Simone Helena Tanoue , Ippolito Alfonso , Martins Gisele , Pazeti Gabriel , Ferreira Giovana Alves , Lima Eduardo Galbes Breda de
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo coloca em discussão o complexo processo de documentação do patrimônio cultural, desde a concepção do projeto de mapeamento 3D, passando pela aquisição maciça de dados, por escaneamento a laser ou fotogrametria, análise e gestão do data base, elaboração de desenhos científicos e modelos Mesh e HBIM, até  a saída/ comunicação das informações, procurando alcançar os objetivos pré-estabelecidos (educação patrimonial, manutenção, conservação e restauro do patrimônio cultural, entre outros). Neste processo, as interfaces, que aqui serão denominadas de interoperabilidades, são ainda hoje, um desafio para os atores do processo, sejam eles os produtores ou receptores da informação. Para tanto, este texto estrutura-se a partir das cinco interoperabilidades presentes no workflow do processo: a interoperabilidade semântica e internacional, a organizacional, a intercomunitária, a técnica e a humana. A pesquisa foi dividida em três momentos: a) revisão bibliográfica; b) experimentação e c) análise e discussão dos resultados. Especificamente quanto à interoperabilidade técnica, isto é, a interface entre os diferentes softwares e entre diferentes meios de representação, a pesquisa se baseou na metodologia de investigação por Design Science Research (DSR), a partir da identificação de uma problemática, aplicação de uma hipótese de otimização da interface entre os modelos mesh e o modelo HBIM, avaliação e análise da mesma, conclusão e aprendizagem com o processo realizado. O estudo que serviu de suporte para discutir as diferentes interoperabilidades no processo da documentação patrimonial, foi o Centro de Divulgação Científica e Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Carlos - SP.
Relatos do uso de arquitetura de código-aberto em projetos habitação de interesse social
Authors: Rocha Bruno Massara , Venancio Leonardo Valbão , Silva Fernanda Orlandi da
Published: December 2023

Este é o primeiro projeto da Wikihouse a ser construído em uma comunidade vulnerável no Brasil. O Brasil é um país com grande déficit habitacional concentrado em grandes regiões metropolitanas. O trabalho é resultado de uma iniciativa para atender parte dessa demanda usando o sistema de código aberto Wikihouse. O projeto foi desenvolvido utilizando a metodologia Design Science Research em três etapas: concepção, prototipagem e produção de um módulo vivencial em escala 1:1. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de desenvolver uma ecologia de projeto mais estruturada para viabilizar o sistema Wikihouse no contexto brasileiro. Esta ecologia de projeto diz respeito a uma rede integrada de serviços que inclui centros de desenvolvimento de projetos, espaços de prototipagem, mini fábricas de produção, ambientes de pré-montagem e organização de lotes, serviços de logística, equipas de gestão de recursos humanos e integração com a comunidade, além de registo, documentação e comunicação.
Palavras e imagens para uma filosofia pós-humanista
Authors: Carvalho Victa , Wanderlei Ludimilla Carvalho
Published: December 2023

Construir uma filosofia do tempo e uma arquitetura do mundo baseados na imanência é a tarefa do livro: Futuros menores: Filosofías del tiempo y arquitecturas del mundo desde Brasil, de Luz Horne. Ao fazer do tempo o operador das multiplicidades, a autora empreende um gesto estético e político sobre contos, ensaios, curadorias, filmes, arquiteturas e objetos de arte que promovem um deslocamento em relação aos lugares epistemológicos e de saberes organizados historicamente sob a lógica da modernidade, construindo um pensamento latino-americano contemporâneo sobre o tempo e o espaço, que excede tanto eixos nacionais quanto regionais, ultrapassa as marcas coloniais e modernas, e se estabelece como lugar de invenção e de produção de conhecimento. A proposta assume a compreensão de uma temporalidade associada ao corpo e à matéria, na qual o Brasil é o cenário para observar a crise política e ecológica mundial, as falências do modelo eurocêntrico e as diferentes proposições supostamente capazes de contorná-las. Trata-se de uma visada que almeja perceber, nesse recuo histórico a projetos artísticos do século XX, os germes de uma temporalidade dissidente, em vias de expressar os desejos latentes de uma epistemologia pós-humanista por vir.
Cinearte and Adhemar Gonzaga: interamerican relations and film industry
Authors: Goulart Isabella Regina Oliveira
Published: December 2023

The article approaches the film magazine Cinearte and one of its editors-in-chief, Adhemar Gonzaga. Like many Latin American film critics at the time, Gonzaga circulated in privileged political spaces through the artistic-cultural field, and such access determined the leanings that surfaced in the magazine. In 1930, he founded the film studio Cinédia, also becoming a movie director and producer, much devoted to the attempt to create film stars for Brazilian cinema. The year corresponds to the transition from silent to sound cinema, which highlighted issues associated with national cultural standards and entered an ongoing debate about cultural identities concerning the post-colonial relations between Europe and Latin America, as well as InterAmerican relations (JARVINEN, 2012). According to Xavier (1978), Cinearte was the contradictory expression of triumphant industrialization and cultural colonization, however, it was an agent with an active role, influencing the Brazilian audience to incorporate certain practices and to develop a point of view regarding what would be considered the standards for filmmaking. The article examines the negotiation between the project to defend Brazilian cinema carried out by the magazine and the images of Latinidad created by Hollywood based on two episodes: the 1926 Fox Film beauty contest and the Spanish versions.
Um olhar sobre os jardins históricos na paisagem do centro de Salvador
Authors: Silva Aline de Figueirôa , Bonfim Jefferson Felipe Macêdo , Freitas Railane Alves , Freitas Ramile Alves
Published: December 2023

Este artigo analisa jardins públicos criados ou reformados entre o final do século XIX e a primeira metade do século XX em Salvador, buscando contribuir para sua caracterização e conservação enquanto jardins históricos. O texto introduz aspectos gerais da formação e configuração da paisagem urbana de Salvador, bem como dos processos de patrimonialização da área central, os quais não enfocaram, em particular, os jardins públicos. A seguir, discute o reconhecimento dos jardins como bens do patrimônio cultural, a partir da noção de jardim histórico no âmbito internacional e, posteriormente, no Brasil. Segue com a análise sobre a Praça do Campo Grande, o Terreiro de Jesus e o Largo de Santo Antônio Além do Carmo, em Salvador, explorando seus aspectos históricos e paisagísticos. Por fim, o artigo destaca a importância de que tais espaços sejam preservados pelo conjunto de atributos materiais que reúnem, pelos testemunhos históricos que produzem e por se configurarem como espaços urbanos para recreação pública. O trabalho fundamenta-se no estudo de documentos históricos; na literatura relacionada ao paisagismo e à história de Salvador; em cartas patrimoniais; aportes conceituais sobre jardins históricos; além de visitas de campo.
A pervivência de formas e temas nas cantigas do Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende
Authors: Fernandes Geraldo Augusto
Published: December 2023

Minha proposta para este artigo é analisar a pervivênvia da cantiga medieval nas criações dos poetas palacianos portugueses. Pretendo mostrar as características da nova cantiga e apresentar exemplos delas adicionando análises pertinentes. A cantiga quinhentista, assim como o vilancete, é uma composição de forma fixa, sendo a constante aquela de quatro ou cinco versos no mote e oito ou dez na glosa. No entanto, no Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende, 1516, muitas delas não seguem esse esquema, apresentando glosas que variam entre nove e onze versos. A nova cantiga apresenta a criatividade dos poetas portugueses e também castelhanos dos séculos XV e XVI.
"A conversa": um bate-papo sobre a falta de diálogo em família
Authors: Moraes Cintia , Salgueiro Wilberth
Published: December 2023

O objetivo do texto é analisar a crônica “A conversa”, de Luis Fernando Verissimo publicada no livro Zoeira (1987). A partir dela problematizamos questões que envolvem o gênero textual crônica, a literatura juvenil, o humor, as relações familiares, a (falta da) educação sexual nas famílias e nas escolas.
A besta de “dona” Ouroana: sobre uma cantiga de João Garcia de Guilhade (b 1499, v 1109)
Authors: Samyn Henrique Marques
Published: December 2023

O artigo tenciona analisar a cantiga galegoportuguesa “Dona Ouroana, pois já besta havedes” (B 1499, V 1109), de João Garcia de Guilhade, importante trovador português que frequentou a corte de D. Afonso X. Aproveitando elementos presentes na fortuna crítica, a interpretação proposta argumenta em favor da inscrição definitiva da cantiga no corpus medieval galego-português que trata de mulheres que, nos tempos atuais, poderiam ser qualificadas como “lésbicas”.
L'épistémologie de Maupertuis entre Leibniz et Newton : physique et physiologie
Authors: Duchesneau François
Published: December 2023

Maupertuis conflates Leibnizian arguments with a form of empiricism which Locke and Newton had inspired. In physics, he applies an optimum principle in order to generate a « system » ; and his teleology of the maximum saving is meant to counterbalance apparent discontinuities within empirical properties and laws. In physiology, the Leibnizian model is put to a different use. The Vénus physique suggests that the elementary organic parts are so adapted as to combine and reproduce a living organism ; and the Système de la nature fosters the analogy of the physiological « monad » as a theoretical notion. The epistemological unity of Maupertuis's theory of science depends upon the regulatory constraints he imposes on the empiricist methodology.
Benoit de Maillet et l'origine de la vie dans la mer: conjecture amusante ou hypothèse scientifique?
Authors: Benitez Miguel
Published: December 2023

The doctrine that all living beings originate from the sea, upheld in the Telliamed, is based on the scientific knowledges of the early 18th century. Maillet also assimilates the errores of the sciences. On the other hand, Maillet uses unreliable stories and testimonies to support his theory, but he applies the rules of a strict criticism to them. The spirit of the author of Telliamed also shows him to be a man of his time : a great many highly estimed contemporary philosophers have believed the existence of seamen. The roots of this theory are found in the conviction that we ignore the mecanism and the laws which regulate the productions of nature.
Quelques jalons dans la préhistoire des sensations internes
Authors: Azouvi François
Published: December 2023

In this article I have tried to analize the constitution of the notion of internai sensibility, before Reil’s and Cabanis’s works.

Amongst the questions raised by this notion, I mainly discuss the question of the unity or diversity of internai sensations, and the question of their unconsciousness.

As it appears, the notion is worked out in an anticartesian perspective, both in philosophy and physiology.
Mort apparente et procédés de « ressuscitation » dans la littérature médicale du XVIIIe siècle (Bruhier, Winslow, Ménuret de Chambaud, Louis, Réaumur)
Authors: Vecchi Paola
Published: December 2023

The idea that death is a duration, a reversible, often only apparent process was at the basis of the taphophobia which the Illuminists suffered. This same idea however, opened enormous possibilities for physicians.

By overcoming their different views regarding the doctrines of vitalism and mechanicalism, infact they took on an active role in front of agony and death.

On the other hand, the epistemological pyrrhonism of that period together with this conception of death as a « mixed-state » characterized by indecipherable « signs », favour the medical aim of dominating death and developing techniques of reanimation.

To the failures of diagnostic medicine, the medical profession opposed not only a fairytale compensatory-homeopathic remedy (curing death and illness with apparent death), but also practical researches and techniques along with experimental and therapeutic activism.
La musique comme thérapie des maladies de nerfs à travers des ouvrages de vulgarisation et des traités médicaux de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Imbroscio Carmelina
Published: December 2023

In the 18th century, authors investigating the effect of music on the human body and soul were many. Apart from specialized studies, allusions to this topic are constantly to be found in works on the theory or the history music, or in medical treatises of a general nature.

It is indeed in the context of a new vision of the whole man, restored after a dualist tradition had long held sway, that — it is argued — this appeal to music as a cure for all ills of mind and body is to be understood.
L’impossibilité D’une théorie de l'évolution dans la pensée française du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Bremner Geoffrey
Published: December 2023

The absence of a fully-fledged theory of evolution in the eighteenth century can be accounted for by the unquestioned assumption of a hierarchy of values whose effect was to allot an inferior status to all potentially evolutionary concepts. The dominant values in the hierarchy were absolute form and plenitude, whereas concepts such as the movement of matter, change, diversity, etc., were seen simply as the means by which nature produced purely contingent effects. Only man's intervention, through art or animal breeding for example, could create controlled order, that is, form and value. The change in attitudes which will make evolutionary thought possible is first seen on Lamarck's theory of heredity and his theory of the structure of the universe.
Polygamy in Timor-Leste
Authors: Kammen Douglas , Tian Yingguihang
Published: December 2023

Demographic studies of polygamy have focused overwhelmingly on the so-called ‘polygamy belt’ in Africa and the Muslim world, and temporally on the past five decades, for which demographic and health surveys are available. Despite a wealth of anecdotal historical evidence, Southeast Asia has been overlooked in the study of polygamy. Drawing on unusually detailed colonial statistics on the collection of a polygamy tax introduced in 1923 and colonial and post-colonial census data, we reconstruct the prevalence of polygamy in Timor-Leste from the late nineteenth century until 2022. In contrast to findings in Africa that emphasize declining rates of polygamy, we find that polygamy has fluctuated across time, likely increasing between the late nineteenth century and the early 1930s, declining modestly during the final decades of colonial rule and the Indonesian occupation, and then rebounding since independence in 2002. We highlight monetization as a key factor explaining both temporal and geographic variation in the practice of polygamy.
Memorabilia of Colonial Violence and Death
Authors: Hermkens Anna-Karina , Venbrux Eric
Published: December 2023

Nineteenth-century, private collections of ethnographic artefacts have a bad reputation in anthropology. Appearing to comprise ‘a haphazard assemblage of junk’ (Gathercole 1978:276), anthropologists and others interested in ethnographic objects and collecting have ignored private collections for some time. While Jean Louis Henri Beijens’s collection resembles at first glance a haphazard assemblage not worthy of attention, a closer inspection reveals its historical and contemporary significance. In this article, we offer a glimpse into Beijens’s private military collection, which contains artefacts originating from the Dutch colonies in both the East and West, as well as from Belgian Congo. Highlighting the colonial self-fashioning that occurred while he was assembling his ‘haphazard’ collection, we elucidate the colonial dispossession and violence that is at the heart of Beijens’s and other private and public collections. In doing so, this article attempts to address the enduring legacies and responsibilities of colonial collecting and collections.
New diatom species Diploneis zhui sp. nov. from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China
Authors: SUN GENG , LEVKOV ZLATKO , XIAO WEIYANG , MORAJ NIKOLA , UDOVIČ MARIJA GLIGORA , DU JIE , CHEN QUNLONG , PLENKOVIĆ-MORAJ ANĐELKA
Published: December 2023

Diploneis zhui sp. nov. was observed in epilitic diatom communities from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve. The species is described herein based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ecological information of the type locality is provided. The species is characterized by linear to linear-elliptic valves with broadly rounded ends, 18–39 μm long, and 9.5–11.0 μm wide and partly biseriate striae, 16–18 in 10 μm. The species is compared with most similar taxa from other regions. The discovery of a new diatom species confirms the importance of Jiuzhaigou not only in terms of species richness and endemicity, but also for the biodiversity of freshwater karst ecosystems.
Two new Scaphoideini leafhopper genera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from India
Authors: VIRAKTAMATH C.A.
Published: December 2023

Two new genera and species of Scaphoideini from India, namely Kengundia flavoscutellata gen. et sp. nov. and Swetarekha multicolor gen. et sp. nov., from the Western Ghats in the Indian state of Karnataka, are described and illustrated. Their relationships with the known genera of the tribe are discussed.
A new genus and two new species of phylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Andean-Patagonian region of Argentina
Authors: CARPINTERO DIEGO L. , CHÉROT FRÉDÉRIC , HENRY THOMAS J.
Published: December 2023

As a contribution to the Festschrift devoted to Dr. Aleksander Herczek, Adesmiaphylus n. gen., a new Phylini (Miridae: Phylinae) from the Andean-Patagonian region of Argentina, is described to accommodate two new species: A. manzanoensis, n. sp. from Neuquén Province and A. herczeki, n. sp. from Mendoza Province. Both species were collected on plants in the genus Adesmia DC. (Fabaceae).
Calisiomorpha herczeki sp. nov. in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae)
Authors: HEISS ERNST
Published: December 2023

From inclusion in Cretaceous Burmese amber, a new species of the fossil flat bug genus Calisiomorpha Heiss, 2016, C. herczeki sp. nov., is described and illustrated.
Spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration around high-rise residential buildings during peak traffic hours in autumn and winter seasons
Authors: He Sining , Yang Lina , Liu Jiying , Jareemit Daranee
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in residential areas near major urban roads during the autumn and winter seasons. A traffic pollution distribution model was developed using ENVI-met software to predict the distribution of pollution in and around the residential area. The experimental results indicated that during peak hours, the concentration of PM2.5 inside the residential area exceeded 140 μg/m3. The simulations indicated a horizontal diffusion range of traffic pollution up to 300 m, with the most significant effects observed within a radius of 20 m where the pollutant concentration decreased from 131.6 μg/m3 to 93.5 μg/m3. The vertical diffusion of traffic pollution extended to approximately 100 m, with the highest impact observed within a distance of 22.5 m (7 floors). Furthermore, pollution diffused up to a height of 47.5 m near major urban roads, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of PM2.5 from 140 μg/m3 to 70 μg/m3. Quantitative comparisons showed that street pollution was higher in autumn than in winter, whereas pollution outside buildings near the street was higher in winter compared to autumn. Simultaneously, the impact of pollutants on human health was evaluated using the decrease in life expectancy (DLE) index. The results revealed a DLE of 13.16 years in areas with the highest pollution levels, while most residential areas had a DLE ranging between 3.2 and 3.88 years. These findings are significant in terms of raising awareness and providing valuable references for the development and planning of urban health initiatives.
Mapping brain functional networks topological characteristics in new daily persistent headache: a magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Qiu Dong , Ge Zhaoli , Mei Yanliang , Wang Wei , Xiong Zhonghua , Li Xiaoshuang , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Peng , Zhang Mantian , Liu Xin , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Tang Hefei , Wang Yonggang
Published: December 2023

Background

The brain functional network topology in new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is not well understood. In this study, we aim to assess the cortical functional network topological characteristics of NDPH using non-invasive neural signal recordings.

Methods

Resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure power fluctuations in neuronal oscillations from distributed cortical parcels in 35 patients with NDPH and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Their structural data were collected by 3T MRI. Functional connectivity (FC) of neural networks from 1 to 80 Hz frequency ranges was analyzed with topographic patterns and calculated network topological parameters with graph theory.

Results

In the delta (1–4 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) bands, the lateral occipital cortex and superior frontal gyrus FC were increased in NDPH groups compared to HCs. Graph theory analysis revealed that the NDPH had significantly increased global efficiency in the delta band and decreased nodal clustering coefficient (left medial orbitofrontal cortex) in the theta (4–8 Hz) band. The clinical characteristics had a significant correlation with network topological parameters. Age at onset of patients showed a positive correlation with global efficiency in the delta band. The degree of depression of patients showed a negative correlation with the nodal clustering coefficient (left medial orbitofrontal cortex) in the theta band.

Conclusion

The FC and topology of NDPH in brain networks may be altered, potentially leading to cortical hyperexcitability. Moreover, medial orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of depression in patients with NDPH. Increased FC observed in the lateral occipital cortex and superior frontal gyrus during resting-state MEG could serve as one of the imaging characteristics associated with NDPH.
The clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of adult patients with community-acquired spontaneous bacterial meningitis with a fulminant clinical course in Taiwan
Authors: Lien Chia-Yi , Chien Chun-Chih , Lu Cheng-Hsien , Chang Wen-Neng
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To examine the clinical characteristics of adult patients with community-acquired spontaneous bacterial meningitis (CASBM) with a fulminant clinical course.

Materials and methods

The clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of 127 adult CASBM patients were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without a fulminant clinical course. Fulminant clinical course was defined as meningitis presenting initially with marked consciousness disturbance (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 8) or a rapid deterioration in consciousness level within 48 h of hospitalization.

Results

Among the 127 enrolled patients, 69 had a fulminant clinical course (47 men and 22 women) and 58 did not. The patients with a fulminant clinical course had a significantly higher incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), severe clinical manifestations and higher mortality rate, and the survivors had significantly worse therapeutic outcomes. Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae (50 strains) was the most important pathogen for the development of a fulminant clinical course, and all strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. With treatment, 50.7% (35/69) of the patients with a fulminant clinical course died, and the presence of K. pneumoniae infection was significant prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The presence of ESRD, initial presentation of altered consciousness, septic shock, seizures and CSF total protein level and K. pneumoniae infection were significantly associated with a fulminant clinical course of adult CASBM, and patients with this specific infectious syndrome had high mortality and morbidity rates. The presence of K. pneumoniae infection is a significant prognostic factor.
Oxytocin infusion for maintenance of uterine tone under prophylactic phenylephrine infusion for prevention of post-spinal hypotension in cesarean delivery: a prospective randomised double-blinded dose-finding study
Authors: Jin Xiao-Qin , Shen Yao-Hua , Fu Fan , Yu Juan , Xiao Fei , Huang Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2023

Background

Prior studies have shown that, when administered as an intravenous bolus to prevent uterine atony, prophylactic phenylephrine infusion increased the dose requirement of oxytocin and second-line uterotonics. For the prevention of uterine atony, oxytocin should be delivered by continuous infusion. Here, we aimed to determine the ED50 and ED90 parameters (the effective doses for 50 and 90% patients without uterine atony) of oxytocin for co-infusion with prophylactic phenylephrine during cesarean delivery.

Methods

In this prospective randomized double-blinded dose-finding study, one hundred patients were divided into four groups to receive 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10 IU/h oxytocin infusion, after the umbilical cord was clamped during the study period. The uterine tone was evaluated and defined as either adequate or inadequate. Probit regression analysis was applied to calculate the ED50 and ED90 of oxytocin infusion. Uterine tone, the percentage of patients who needed additional oxytocin bolus, second-line uterotonics, side effects, estimated blood loss, and neonatal outcomes were monitored.

Results

The estimated ED50 and ED90 values of the oxytocin infusion doses for the prevention of uterine atony were 1.9 IU/h (95% CI -4.6-3.8) IU/h and 9.3 IU/h (95% CI 7.3–16.2) IU/h, respectively. Across groups, there was a significant linear trend between the infusion dose and the percentage of patients who required additional oxytocin (p-value = 0.002). No differences were observed in the incidence of side effects and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Under the conditions of this study, the ED90 of oxytocin infusion for the prevention of uterine atony was 9.3 IU/h, which is higher than the current recommendation. This finding is helpful for clinical practice, because of the routine use of phenylephrine in cesarean delivery. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate initial bolus of oxytocin after neonatal delivery.

Trial registration

The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (register no. ChiCTR2200059556).