bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secretory Phospholipase A2 Group IID Is Involved in Progesterone‐Induced Acrosomal Exocytosis of Human Spermatozoa
Authors: Li Kun , Jin Jian‐Yuan , Chen Wen‐Ying , Shi Qi‐Xian , Ni Ya , Roldan Eduardo R. S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a major role during acrosomal exocytosis (AE) in mammalian spermatozoa, but the identity of PLA2subtypes present in spermatozoa remains elusive. This study explored whether secretory PLA2 Group IID (sPLA2‐IID) isoform is present in human spermatozoa and whether it is involved in AE. Localization and expression of sPLA2‐IID in human spermatozoa were explored by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. Occurrence of AE was evaluated by triple staining, and arachidonic acid (AA) levels were quantified by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Sperm motion parameters and hyperactivation were analyzed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis. sPLA2‐IID was localized in the postacrosomal region of the head and the midpiece of tail in human sperm. A 16‐kd protein band was detected by Western blotting in sperm extracts. Progesterone‐induced AE was significantly inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner using a sPLA2‐IID neutralizing antibody. The increase in AA levels seen during progesterone‐stimulated exocytosis was significantly abrogated by the antibody. The sPLA2‐IID antibody significantly inhibited hyperactivation, sperm curvilinear velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement, but it did not affect the proportion of motile sperm. In conclusion, sPLA2‐IID is present at the head and midpiece in the human sperm, and activation of such sPLA2‐IID seems to be involved in AE. Therefore, sPLA2‐IID isoform plays a functional role during the AE in human sperm.
The Effect of Chilled Storage and Cryopreservation on the Sperm DNA Fragmentation Dynamics of a Captive Population of Koalas
Authors: Johnston Stephen D. , Zee Yeng Peng , López‐Fernández Carmen , Gosálvez Jamie
Published: September 2012

Abstract:This experiment documented the incidence and variability of sperm characteristics found in freshly collected and ex vivo—manipulated semen samples from a population of disease‐free captive koalas with a special emphasis on the dynamic aspects of DNA fragmentation. These changes were analyzed in light of the putative negative effect of iatrogenic damage after chilled storage and cryopreservation with respect to different semen extender compositions to maximize sperm longevity. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) dynamics (SDF assessment after a varying period of time) was investigated with the sperm chromatin dispersion assay after either dilution in tris‐citrate media and chilled preservation at 4°C for upward of 16 days or cryopreservation in either glycerol or dimethylacetamide (DMA) tris‐citrate—based cryoprotectant media; corresponding data on progressive sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and the proportion of koala sperm with relaxed chromatin were also recorded. SDF analysis of the captive koala population revealed a low mean (±SEM) basal level of only 6.7% ± 0.9%. The percentage of progressive sperm motility, percentage of intact sperm plasma membranes, and the percentage of relaxed chromatin did not correlate significantly with that of basal SDF. Moreover, despite the absence of cysteine residues in marsupial protamines, koala spermatozoa showed remarkable stability in terms of their DNA integrity after the incubation of either fresh, chilled, or frozen‐thawed semen samples; observations of progressive motility (P< .05) and plasma membrane integrity (P< .05) revealed that chilled koala spermatozoa declined after 4 days, whereas the incidence of relaxed chromatin increased after 8 days. Although koala SDF increased significantly (P< .05) with the period of chilled storage, these values remained less than 16% after 16 days storage and subsequent incubation at 35°C for a further 48 hours. Survivorship of prefreeze sperm DNA damage was not different when compared with sperm frozen in DMA or between sperm frozen in DMA or glycerol; however, spermatozoa frozen in glycerol showed a higher (P= .042) rate of DNA fragmentation than prefreeze spermatozoa. This result differed from that of observations of progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and relaxed chromatin, which were all adversely affected (P< .05) after cryopreservation in either glycerol or DMA; however, the postthaw characteristics of sperm cryopreserved in either glycerol or DMA were not different. After thawing, koala sperm chromatin tended to decondense; however, the incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation was not correlated with the incidence of sperm chromatin relaxation after glycerol (R= .2) or DMA (R= –.04) cryopreservation.
Penile Methadone Injection in Suicidal Intent: Life‐Threatening and Fatal for Erectile Function
Authors: Prado Lucas G. , Huber Johannes , Huber Christian G. , Mogler Carolin , Ehrenheim Julia , Nyarangi‐Dix Joanne , Pahernik Sascha , Hohenfellner Markus
Published: September 2012

Abstract: We present the case of a 31‐year‐old man who was admitted to our emergency department after injection of 10 mL of methadone into his penis. He had a history of drug abuse over the last 15 years and a background of 3 attempted suicidal episodes with a combination of at least 2 drugs over the past 12 months. The current suicide attempt had serious consequences: he suffered from acute renal and liver failure. One previously unreported side effect of methadone is erectile dysfunction following injection into the penis. In our case, the patient received vardenafil 10 mg once daily without any signs of functional improvement. Ten months after the event, there still was complete erectile dysfunction.
Influence of Dihydroergotoxine, Bromocriptine, and Ergotamine on Penile Erection in Wistar Rats
Authors: Radosavljevic Milovan , Pajovic Bogdan , Radunovic Miodrag , Radojevic Nemanja , Bjelogrlic Bojana
Published: September 2012

Abstract: The pilot study presented was conducted to determine as to whether ergot alkaloids (alpha‐adrenergic blockers) have a potential effect on penile erectile function. The influence of dihydroergotoxine, bromocriptine, and ergotamine was studied on the erection ability in intact, two‐grade outbred male Wistar albino rats that were out of their estrous phase. The experimental animals were injected intrapenially with the substances under examination: dihydroergotoxine mesylate (0.1 mg/0.1 mL, 0.3 mg/0.1 mL, and 1 mg/0.1 mL), bromocriptine mesylate (0.3 mg/0.1 mL, 1 mg/0.1 mL, and 3 mg/0.1 mL), and ergotamine tartrate (0.1 mg/0.1 mL, 0.3 mg/0.1 mL, and 1mg/0.1 mL). Every dose was tested on a pattern of 30 rats. These mentioned substances were injected in the amount of 1 mm to the left of the proximal part of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis, in the region of the penis root. After injection, the animals were then observed within the next 90 minutes. In the trial, the following was observed: the number of rats with an erection achieved, the period of time from intrapenial application to the appearance of the first erection, and the duration of the erection. Ultimately, the research results confirm the efficiency of dihydroergotoxine and bromocriptine as erectogenic agents, as well as ergotamine as a detumescent compared with saline solutions.
Involvement of Fas/Fas‐L and Bax/Bcl‐2 Systems in Germ Cell Death Following Immunization With Syngeneic Testicular Germ Cells in Mice
Authors: Kuerban Maimaiti , Naito Munekazu , Hirai Shuichi , Terayama Hayato , Qu Ning , Musha Muhetaerjiang , Ikeda Ayumi , Koji Takehiko , Itoh Masahiro
Published: September 2012

Abstract: Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is characterized by T cell‐dependent lymphocytic inflammation and seminiferous tubule damage, which can result in the death of germ cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the roles of the Fas/Fas‐L and Bax/Bcl‐2 systems in the death of germ cells in mice with EAO that is induced by immunization with syngeneic testicular germ cells (TGC). The results using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining show that many terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining germ cells were present in seminiferous tubules during the active inflammation stage, and these cells were persistently observed in the seminiferous epithelium until the postactive inflammation stage. Intratesticular mRNA expression levels of both Fas and Bax were increased during the active inflammation stage and were dramatically decreased during the post‐active inflammation stage. In contrast, the intratesticular mRNA expression levels of both Fas‐L and Bcl‐2 did not show significant changes during the active inflammation stage but showed extreme increases during the post‐active inflammation stage. Immunohistochemically, some Fas‐ and Bax‐positive germ cells were detected during the active inflammation stage, but these were hardly found during the post‐active inflammation stage. In contrast, some Fas‐L‐ and Bcl‐2‐positive germ cells were found during the active inflammation stage, and many of these were also observed during the post‐active inflammation stage. These results indicate that germ cell death during TGC‐induced EAO is mediated by the Fas/Fas‐L and Bax/Bcl‐2 systems during the active inflammation stage but not during the post‐active inflammation stage.
Diet, Obesity, and Prostate Health: Are We Missing the Link?
Authors: Tewari Reshu , Rajender Singh , Natu Shankar M. , Dalela Divakar , Goel Apul , Goel Madhu M. , Tandon Pushpa
Published: September 2012

Abstract: Prostate problems, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer have been recognized as problems largely related to androgens and genetic factors. They affect a large fraction of the elderly population, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Estrogen has also now been recognized as one of the important regulators of prostate growth. Diet, general health, and obesity were disregarded as the causative or complicating factors until very recently. Increasing episodes of prostate problems, complications in overweight/obese individuals, or both have attracted attention toward these contemporary risk factors. Prostate problems are reportedly less frequent or less severe in areas in which a plant‐based diet is predominant. Consumption of certain fatty acids, particularly of animal origin, has been correlated with increased prostate problems. As adipose tissue is increasingly being regarded as hormonally active tissue, high body fat and obesity need in‐depth exploration to understand the associated risk of prostate problems. Adipose tissue is now known to affect circulating levels of several bioactive messengers and therefore could affect the risk of developing prostate problems in addition to several other well‐recognized health problems. Nevertheless, increased plasma volume, excess tissue growth, and fat deposition could affect resection and number of biopsies required, thus adding further complications because of a delayed diagnosis. In short, evidence is gathering to support the influence of diet and obesity on prostate health. In this review article, we have tried to make this connection more apparent using supporting published data.
The Comparison of the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) Scale and Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) Questionnaire to Detect Androgen Deficiency in Middle‐Aged Men
Authors: Chueh Kuang‐Shun , Huang Shu‐Pin , Lee Yung‐Chin , Wang Chii‐Jye , Yeh Hsin‐Chih , Li Wei‐Ming , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Tsai Yueh‐Fong , Tsai Chia‐Chun , Juan Hsu‐Cheng , Huang Chun‐Hsiung , Liu Chia‐Chu
Published: September 2012

Abstract: The prevalence of androgen deficiency in men increases with aging. Two common instruments, the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale and the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire, are often used to screen for androgen deficiency in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to compare the capability of the AMS scale and the ADAM questionnaire to detect androgen deficiency in middle‐aged Taiwanese men. In April 2008, a free health screening was conducted by Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. All participants completed a health questionnaire and had blood samples drawn between 8:00 am and noon. Serum total testosterone (TT), albumin, and sex hormone‐binding globulin levels were measured. The level of free testosterone (FT) was calculated. Clinical symptoms associated with androgen deficiency were screened by using the AMS scale and ADAM questionnaire. Androgen deficiency was defined as TT < 300 ng/dL or both TT < 300 ng/dL and FT< 5 ng/dL. In total, 339 men were included in the final analysis, with the mean age of 54.6 ± 4.9 years (range, 47–65 years). Androgen deficiency was found in 75 men (22.1%) based on the criteria of TT < 300 ng/dL, and in 54 men (15.9%) based on the criteria of TT < 300 ng/dL and FT < 5 ng/dL. When detecting participants with both TT < 300 ng/dL and FT < 5 ng/dL, the sensitivity and specificity of the AMS scale were 57.4% and 48.1%, compared with 66.7% and 25.6% for the ADAM questionnaire. In a sample of middle‐aged Taiwanese men, neither the AMS scale nor the ADAM questionnaire had sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect androgen deficiency. In addition to using those 2 screening instruments, a thorough physical and biochemical workup should still be conducted in patients at risk or suspected of androgen deficiency.
Defining the “Normal” Postejaculate Urinalysis
Authors: Mehta Akanksha , Jarow Jonathan P. , Maples Pat , Sigman Mark
Published: September 2012

Abstract: Although sperm have been shown to be present in the postejaculate urinalysis (PEU) of both fertile and infertile men, the number of sperm present in the PEU of the general population has never been well defined. The objective of this study was to describe the semen and PEU findings in both the general and infertile population, in order to develop a better appreciation for “normal.” Infertile men (n = 77) and control subjects (n = 71) were prospectively recruited. Exclusion criteria included azoospermia and medications known to affect ejaculation. All men underwent a history, physical examination, semen analysis, and PEU. The urine was split into 2 containers: PEU1, the initial voided urine, and PEU2, the remaining voided urine. Parametric statistical methods were applied for data analysis to compare sperm concentrations in each sample of semen and urine between the 2 groups of men. Controls had higher average semen volume (3.3 ± 1.6 vs 2.0 ± 1.4 mL, P < .001) and sperm concentrations (112 million vs 56.2 million, P = .011), compared with infertile men. The presence of sperm in urine was common in both groups, but more prevalent among infertile men (98.7% vs 88.7%, P = .012), in whom it comprised a greater proportion of the total sperm count (46% vs 24%, P = .022). The majority of sperm present in PEU were seen in PEU1 of both controls (69%) and infertile men (88%). An association was noted between severe oligospermia (<5 million/mL) with low semen volume (<0.5 mL), and significant sperm counts in PEU (<5 million). Although infertile men tend to have a higher proportion of their total sperm in the urine compared with control, there is a large degree of overlap between the 2 populations, making it difficult to identify a specific threshold to define a positive test. Interpretation of a PEU should be directed by whether the number of sperm in the urine could affect subsequent management.
Polybenzene multitori
Authors: Szefler Beata , Diudea Mircea
Published: September 2012

Polybenzene unit BT_48 can dimerize either by identification of 8-membered rings to provide a diamond-like fcc net or by identifying the opening 12-membered rings to form intercalated dendrimer-dimers which can further grow and rather quickly superimpose over the diamond-like network. The third hypothetical moiety we consider here is an eclipsed isomer, that can form multitori as negatively curved structures of various complexity. Multitori can evolve spherically or show a linear periodicity, as in rods. The polybenzene (“armchair”) multitori BTA are compared to the (“zig-zag”) BTZ ones, proposed earlier by us. A graph-theoretical study related the structure of multitori to the genus of their embedding surface and established the lower and upper bound values of genus. The total energy per carbon atom, HOMO-LUMO gap and strain energy of BTA and BTZ multitori have been computed and the results obtained point to BTZ multitori to be at least as stable as C60 what suggests BTZ multitori can be eventually synthesized in laboratory.
Substituted homoallenyl aldehydes and their derivatives. Part 2: Azines
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Man Stanislav , Valoušková Aneta , Potáček Milan
Published: September 2012

This paper deals with the preparation of a variously substituted non-symmetrical azine set. The starting molecule for their preparation was a protected hydrazone. The protection was performed applying Zwierzak’s method. This procedure is based on the transfer of hydrazine to diethylhydrazidophosphate, which reacts with aldehydes to produce protected hydrazones. In the second step of the procedure, under the action of sodium hydride, the addition of another aldehyde affords non-symmetrical azines in the reaction with the protected hydrazine. The procedure was shown to be a useful and effective method. In this, the second part of our study, we present results devoted to the preparation and full identification of non-symmetrical azines.
Applicability of photochemically generated pendant benzoyl peroxides in both “grafting from” and “grafting to” techniques
Authors: Mosnáček Jaroslav , Lukáč Ivan , Bertoldo Monica , Ciardelli Francesco
Published: September 2012

Methyl methacrylate and styrene copolymers containing pendant benzil groups, such as 1-[4-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,2-ethanedione-co-methyl metacrylate (BzMA/MMA), 1-[4-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,2-ethanedione-co-styrene (BzMA/S), and 1-phenyl-2-(4-propenoylphenyl)-1,2-ethanedione-co-styrene (PCOCO/S), were prepared and used as precursors for photochemically generated pendant benzoyl peroxides. Decomposition of the pendant benzoyl peroxides was subsequently used in grafting processes. Either irradiation or a combination of irradiation with subsequent thermal treatment was adopted for grafting a thin layer of BzMA/MMA copolymer onto the surface of LDPE films. The grafting resulted in a significant decrease in contact angle of the film surface. The same activation strategy was successfully adopted to initiate the polymerisation of acrylic or methacrylic acids from the surface of styrene copolymer films containing the initiator precursor in the polymer side chains (BzMA/S and PCOCO/S). The successful surface grafting was proved by contact angles measurement as well as by infrared spectroscopic analysis.
Pilot Study of Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Pregnant Women in Northern Thailand
Authors: Lorenz Alyson N. , Prapamontol Tippawan , Narksen Warangkana , Srinual Niphan , Barr Dana B. , Riederer Anne M.
Published: September 2012

An estimated 200,000 children born in Thailand each year are at risk of prenatal exposure to pesticides and associated neurodevelopmental outcomes because of their mothers’ agricultural occupations. Children born to non-agricultural workers may also be at risk of exposure from other pathways of maternal pesticide exposure, including exposure through home use, diet, and other environmental media. Pesticide exposure in Thailand has been linked to unsafe practices and beliefs about pesticides. However, limited information exists on pesticide knowledge, attitudes, and practices among pregnant women in Thailand or elsewhere. Obtaining this information is essential to understand the factors associated with prenatal pesticide exposure, identify populations potentially at risk, and ultimately protect pregnant women and their children. We administered surveys to 76 pregnant women in northern Thailand and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations among pesticide-related knowledge, pregnancy trimester, and pesticide use behavior. In this pilot study, lower knowledge score and earliest trimester of pregnancy were marginally (p < 0.1) associated with unsafe practices in the home, but not at work. Women who worked in agriculture or applied pesticides before becoming pregnant, or who had a previous child were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to engage in unsafe behaviors in the home during their current pregnancy. We preliminarily conclude that increasing pesticide-related knowledge among pregnant women may help promote safe practices and reduce prenatal exposure. Knowledge-based interventions may be most effective when implemented early in pregnancy and targeted to agricultural workers and other sub-populations at risk of pesticide exposure.
Synthesis of trifunctional cyclo-β-tripeptide templates
Authors: Stein Frank , Mehmood Tahir , Plass Tilman , Zaidi Javid H , Diederichsen Ulf
Published: September 2012

The concept of template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASP) describes a central scaffold that predefines the three dimensional structure for diverse molecules linked to this platform. Cyclic β-tripeptides are interesting candidates for use as templates due to their conformationally defined structure, stability to enzymatic degradation, and ability to form intermolecular stacked tubular structures. To validate the applicability of cyclic β-tripeptides within the TASP concept, an efficient synthesis of the cyclopeptide with orthogonal functionalization of the side chains is desired. A solid-phase-supported route with on-resin cyclization is described, employing the aryl hydrazide linker cleavable by oxidation. An orthogonal protection-group strategy allows functionalization of the central cyclic β-tripeptide with up to three different peptide fragments or fluorescent labels.
OPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTWEIGHTING AND POWERTRAIN EFFI CIENCY TECHNOLOGY IN PASSENGERS' VEHICLES
Authors: Wilhelm Erik , Hofer Johannes , Schenler Warren , Guzzella Lino
Published: September 2012

Improving powertrain efficiency and reducing vehicle weight are two options for reducing vehicle energy use, emissions, and operating cost that often increase the purchase cost of passenger vehicles. Increasing drivetrain efficiency shrinks the potential for reducing energy use by lightweighting and conversely lighter vehicles benefit less from efficiency improvement. This paper describes a methodology for finding the optimum combination of light-weighting and efficiency measures to achieve minimum lifetime vehicle cost. Using representative technology cost assumptions for a mid-sized passenger car, marginal efficiency improvement in the range of 20 to 30% and lightweighting between 200 and 600 kg are optimal, depending strongly on marginal cost curve characteristics. A reduction in the total cost of vehicle ownership of between 18 and 42% is possible for the representative technology implementation scenarios. In the absence of reliable cost data, a general strategy of designing lightweight vehicles with lower powertrain efficiency or else higher-efficiency powertrains which are integrated in heavier vehicles is recommended.
EVALUATION CRITERIA AND A ROUTE SELECTION SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTATING OVERSIZE AND HEAVYWEIGHT CARGOES
Authors: Petraška Artūras , Palšaitis Ramūnas
Published: September 2012

Oversize and heavyweight cargoes are usually transported adopting a multimodal transport approach. Everything depends on the places where the cargoes are produced and used. The route for carrying oversize/heavy- weight cargo is usually evaluated and designed on individual basis. Thus, an important point is the development of an ‘instrument’ for an objective evaluation of the entire route for transporting oversize/heavyweight cargo (OHC).
Modeling and Simulation of Parameter Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for DC Motor Speed Control System
Authors: Xue Chi , Zhu Hui , Yu Biao
Published: September 2012

The establishment of DC motor system model is an important part of its control system analysis, this paper introduces the traditional method of modeling and the application of parameter self-tuning fuzzy logic PID control in the simulation and experimental research of variable speed control system for DC electric motor. In MATLAB / SMULINK simulation environment, high robustness and precision are obtained. The simulation results show that fuzzy logic PID control strategy has better performances than traditional controllers.
Design of Autonomous Robot Soccer System Based on Sugeno Fuzzy
Authors: Shi Lei , Wang Qiang , Sun Zhi Jun , Xu Ru Long , Chen Lei
Published: September 2012

This paper presents the use of a fuzzy logic controller combined with Machine Vision to improve the accuracy to identify ball and speed to approaching ball in Robot Soccer. The conventional robot control consists of methods for path generation and path following. When a robot moves away the desired track, it must return immediately, and while doing so, the obstacle avoidance behavior and the effectiveness of such a path are not guaranteed. So, motion control is a difficult task, especially in real time and high speed control. To achieve good control performance and requirements for timeliness, accuracy to identify and approach the ball, the paper designs a sugeno fuzzy control system, which could make robot complete the whole football performance, including finding, approaching and shooting ball. At the end of the paper, to validate the proposed fuzzy algorithm, the experiment on METALFIGHTER-2 humanoid robot has been run, which showed that the fuzzy controller is effectiveness and robustness.
The Control and Model of Synchronous Generator on Ship
Authors: Luo Le , Gao Lan , Chen Liang , Hu Liang
Published: September 2012

This paper analyzes the characteristics of marine power station. The mathematical model and simulation model of synchronous generators AVR+PSS excitation control system was built. At last the simulation test of suddenly add load was did in MATLAB/simulink environment. The result shows that the excitation control system has well stability, rapidity and some robustness.
Automatic Tracking and Manipulation for Cell Lysis System Development
Authors: Ay Chyung , Young Chao Wang , Hung M.S. , Hsu C.S.
Published: September 2012

An automatic platform for cell localization using image processing and electroosmotic flow technology was developed and used the in vivo human leukemic cells (U937) experiments. The in vivo cells were located successfully in the assigned area by aluminum electrode with lithography process. The cells were lysised with electroporation then DNA was collected in this study. First, a CCD was used to take video from microscope and then a PCI image card acquired the image data to computer. The program was designed to find cell location and trace the in vivo cell and then the cell driving mechanism is started through the voltage or time of electrode controlled with fuzzy logic method by LabVIEW package software. In addition, the XY platform is automatically controlled to keep the cell within the field of view. When the in vivo cell enters the assigned lysis area, the cell will be electroporated by the electrode. The monitoring software was developed to track and manipulate single in vivo cell to lysis successfully in this study. It can control cell move to the assigned location fatly.
Automatic Speed Control Algorithm Study Based on Fuzzy-Predictive Control Logic
Authors: Yu Jian Zhi , Chen Yong Sheng
Published: September 2012

In order to solve the state control problems of the train automatic speed control system, improve the efficiency of the train automatic speed-control and reduce the state switching transition, a kind of train automatic speed control algorithm has been proposed. Based on the fuzzy-predictive control logic, use the formal method, design the state control mechanism, and build the automatic speed-control system model. Using anti-interference design, the data analysis and the simulation test have been accomplished. And the results show that the algorithm is feasible.
Remote Sensing Monitoring of Agricultural Drought in Henan Province during Spring and Summer of 2009
Authors: Yan Ming
Published: September 2012

During spring and summer of 2009, the universal drought broke out around the world. This has a great influence on agricultural output value. Different degrees of drought appeared in 15 provinces and municipalities, mainly in winter wheat-producing areas. MODIS data and geographic information data were used in this paper. MPDI index was used to monitoring agricultural drought in winter wheat-producing areas of Henan.
The Influence on Apparent Uptake of N, P and K Element of Loium Perenne by Homemade Controlled-Release SAP
Authors: Yue Zheng Wen , Wang Bai Tian , Yang Hao , Wang Hong Liu
Published: September 2012

In order to resolve problem of integration of SAP(super absorbent polymer) and fertilizer, in this paper, controlled-release SAP was applied to research the rule of apparent uptake on the nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium nutrient elements by method of nutrient standardization which can provide for theory basis. The result showed that all different treatments on annual lolium perenne had a positive in absorbing nitrogen elements; between kalium and phosphorus nutrition elements had significant negative correlation, correlation coefficient above-0.90.Treatments of FER and YFISJ greatly improved content of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition elements in lolium perenne, but also were greatly reduce to kalium element absorption. Meanwhile, treatments of different particle sizes of SAP improved obviously absorption of nitrogen and kalium element, phosphorus element of absorption was inhibited. Compound SAP improve nitrogen element apparent top utilization rate of 197%, improve phosphorus element apparent top utilization rate reaches 183% hydration, but reduces the kalium element absorption topped - 187%. The conclusions show that nutrients standardization method cans effective to compare and analysis with nutrients uptake among different treatments. Homemade controlled-release SAP can dramatically improve part of nutrition utilization.
Comprehensive Diagnosis of Kuyehe Flood Series Change-Point
Authors: Zhou Xiu Ping , Wang Wen Sheng , Zhang Xue Cheng , Chen Ting Ting
Published: September 2012

The comprehensive diagnosis method can avoid the unreasonable of single analysis method and inconsistency of various analysis methods. This paper used the method to diagnosis the change-point of Kuyehe flood series. The result is consistent with the hydrological investigated results, which can provide the basis of quantifying the impact of changes of underlying surface conditions on the watershed runoff.
Drought Prevention and Mitigation of Agricultural Development in the Dry Upper Valley of Minjiang River
Authors: Bao Wen
Published: September 2012

The distinct characteristics in the dry upper valley of Minjiang River were the complication of natural environment, the frangibility of ecosystem, dryland farming systems, and the transition of culture. Drought is a many faceted natural disaster that leads to serious socio-economic impacts particularly affecting agricultural production of the dry valley. The basic objective of drought prevention and mitigation is to minimize possible adverse outcomes within the constraints of the costs involved. The paper elaborates the specific vulnerability contexts and situation of dryland mountain agricultural systems, highlights the importance of stabilizing dryland agriculture by evolving contingent crop production strategies, economies diversify to include agro-industry or various tertiary products, agricultural extension etc. in dry valley area of upper Minjiang River.
Energy Balance Analysis in Hainan Province's Agriculture Sector
Authors: Liu Hai Qing , Liu En Ping
Published: September 2012

This paper collected energy input-output data of Hainan Province agriculture sector in 21 years (1988-2008).All the direct and indirect inputs of energy for the production of main crops in Hainan were evaluated.The inputs and outputs were calculated by multiplying the amounts of inputs and outputs by their energy equivalents.The results showed that total energy input increased from 16.06 in 1988 to 38.39GJha-1 in 2008, total output energy increased from 83.92 in 1988 to 149.06GJha-1 in 2008. The net energy gain was a positive value,but a majority of the input energy emanates from non-renewable sources of energy.The energy ratio was estimated to be 5.04 and showed a declining trend during the period.This indicates that increased use of inputs ha-1 in production was accompanied by a much less increase in the output levels.Improvements in fertilizer application can significantly affect the energy efficiency of Hainan agriculture sector.
The Combination Decision of the Greenhouse Equipments on the Photosynthesis of Unit Costs on Seedling Production
Authors: Su Chu Wang , Wei Chao Yi , Xie Mei Zhi , Tang Xian Ming
Published: September 2012

According to the investment charge, number of year for using, regulation effect of environmental factors and controlling costs, the concept of largest photosynthesis of unit costs on seedling production was mentioned. The photosynthesis of unit costs on six typical kinds of greenhouse in the South area of Guangxi Province were calculated and compared. The optimum combination of greenhouse equipments for eucalyptus seedling production showed that the greenhouse with highest quality-price ratio was the plastic greenhouse equipped with the fan pad, followed with that equipped with the mist fog device. In South area of Guangxi Province, due to high temperatures throughout the year, April to October, the average daytime temperature exceeded 25 ,which is above the optimum seedling growth temperature, so cooling effect of greenhouse in cost-effective environmental regulation has became a major factor.
Effect of Flooding Time on Phosphate Adsorption Desorption Characteristics of Two Acid Soils
Authors: Shao Xing Hua , Zhang Jiang Zhong
Published: September 2012

In a laboratory incubation study, two soils were treated with distilled water, and flooded for a period of 0 (contr-ol), 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 weeks. P adsorption desorption characteristics of two soils were measured at the end of the incubation period. P a-dsorption increased with increasing levels of added P in two soi-ls. P adsorption of Paddy soil was comparatively lower than that of upland red soil. P adsorption data was found to fit Langmuir isotherms for two soils. Soil P adsorption maxima obtained from Langmuir isotherm varied from 1190 to 672 mg/kg for upland r-ed soil, and varied from 708 to 530 mg/kg for paddy soil. Floodi-ng decreased P adsorption capacity of upland red soil,increased soluble P (in 0.01M CaCl2) and equilibrium P concentration. For paddy soil, there was a large increase in the P sorption capacity after one week flooding, and then P sorption capacity decreased. The more adsorption maxima is, and the more desorption maxi-ma (Dm) is. Desorption rate constant (Kd) and bonding energy (b) varied inconsistently in two soils.
Wheat Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Visualization System
Authors: Xi Lei , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hui , Ren Yan Na , Zhang Lon Gong , Hou Zhi Yuan , Ma Xin Ming
Published: September 2012

The study object is wheat. Through the observation and analysis on the morphological structure of wheat plant, the concepts of microstate, substrate and microstate are put forward, the wheat growth mechanism model is established, and thus the description and control of wheat morphogenesis process could be realized. Based on the branch structure characteristics of plant, the wheat morphological data model based on axis structure is proposed to realize the structural storage of plant topological structure and organ morphological feature data. On this basis, based on the thought of "growth model - morphological feature model - geometric modeling - display model", the technical framework of wheat form visualization is established and on the VC++ platform, the virtual wheat growth system is built with OpenGL. The running result of the system shows that wheat morphological feature can be well simulated with the system to realize the virtual display of the growth process in the individual growth period of wheat.
Research on Internet of Things Based on SOPC
Authors: Fu Shi Min , Qiu Cheng Jun , Bu Dan , Liu Quan Yi , Wang Chao
Published: September 2012

An Internet of things system using Cyclone EP2C8 FPGA chip of Altera is designed and researched in this paper, which integrated NiosII soft-core processor, memory, functional interfaces with SOPC (system on a programmable chip) technology. The μC/OS-II embedded operating system is transplanted here to realize the network communication through driving the network chip. Simultaneously, the message stored in card can be correctly identified, recorded, added up by RFID technology, and sent to internet according to the requirement of communication. Thus, the internet of things function is realized.
Extended Kalman Filter Based Frequency Estimation for High Dynamic Environment
Authors: Tian Tian , An Jian Ping , Wang Ai Hua , Xue Bin
Published: September 2012

Suppressing jitter noises and keep precise track is of great importance in coherent communication systems. This paper proposes and analyzes a new extended kalman filter (EKF) based carrier recovery loop for high dynamic and low carrier-to-noise ratio environment. In this algorithm, EKF filter take the phase error between input signal and local oscillator and has a simple measurement equation. Simulations show that the method is feasible and has good performance.
Multi-Frequency Reconfigurable Micro-Strip Antenna Design Based on Immune Algorithm
Authors: Li Yuan , Xu Zhao Yang , Li Jian Lan
Published: September 2012

This paper gives a brief introduction to the immune algorithm and combines the method of moment (MOM) which was usually used in the design of reconfigurable antenna with immune algorithm to optimize the reconfigurable antenna. By using the immune algorithm, we present an antenna reconfigurable scheme which can realize the frequency agility ranging from 8GHz-17GHz.
An Improved Low Complexity Detection Algorithm for Quasi-Orthogonal STBC
Authors: Nie Zhong Er , Wang An Guo , Ma Ning
Published: September 2012

In this paper, based on QR decomposition, an improved detection algorithm for quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QOSTBC) using square QAM constellation is presented. In the proposed method, by executing single complex symbol twi-detection for each block and selecting the optimal result, the BER performance is much better than that of the linear receivers. Compared with conventional maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding, though the bit error rates (BER) performance is with a slight loss, the improved detection algorithm reduces the decoding complexity significantly. The derivation and simulation results of the proposed algorithm are presented.
A Macromodel of Memristor Using Symbolically Defined Devices
Authors: Deng Jian Hua , Wang Lin , Liu Qing Huo
Published: September 2012

A macromodel of the prototype of memristor is developed in Advance Design System software (ADS) by using symbolically defined devices (SDDs). This model can simulate the electrical behaviors of a memristor. It is shown that the presented macromodel meets the requirements for simulations of application circuits.
Frequency Offset Estimation in Cell Search for TD-SCDMA UE
Authors: Peng Ren Ming , Hao Zheng Tong , Mei Yang
Published: September 2012

This paper describes a new method to implement frequency offset estimation (FOE) in cell search of the TD-SCDMA system. The received SYNC-DL data is used to calculate frequency offset (FO) before the scrambling code and the Midamble ID is identified. The received Midamble data can be used to calculate FO before Multi-frame synchronization. The FOE with two stages can be used in the same 64chip calculation structure and the hardware resources can be conserved. The simulation results show that the method can control the residual FO within 0.05PPM by smoothing of sub-frame or IIR filtering, which meets the TD-SCDMA system requirements for residual frequency, even though a certain sample bias exist.
Application Technology of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete in Building Structure
Authors: Zhao Wei Feng , Zhou Jing , Bu Guo Bin
Published: September 2012

Bamboo is mainly a tropical and subtropical plant which is found adequate in many countries. The strength of bamboo as concrete reinforcement is much lower than steel bar reinforcement. However, one of the merits is a cheap and replenishable agricultural resource and abundantly available. Due to excellent properties like high strength to weight ratio, high tensile strength and free-cutting and processing, bamboo as a potential reinforcement material in place of steel is widely available in concrete structural elements. The present paper introduces some of the existing studies and application technology of bamboo reinforced concrete elements in building structures, such as bamboo reinforced concrete columns, beams, slabs and walls.
A Strength Training Machine Specific for Hamstrings: Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Guo Dong , Lu A Ming
Published: September 2012

Hamstring muscle strains are one of the most frequent injuries in sports and will result in missed game time by athletes. A sudden and forceful eccentric muscle contraction during the later swing phase of sprinting may directly induce hamstring injury, so does a fast change between eccentric and concentric actions in the foot contact phase. Based on the biomechanical analysis of the hamstring muscle activities during sprinting and the studies focused on hamstring strength training, the purpose of this study is to design a strength training machine specific for hamstring. The activity of hamstring muscles during training simulated the key phase of sprinting in terms of contraction modes and loads. The design principle and usage of the machine, as well as the points for attention, are illustrated in this paper.
The Computational Study of Microwave-Induced Thermo-Acoustic Tomography for Biologic Tissue Imaging Based on Pseudo-Spectrum Time Domain and Time Reversal Mirror Technique
Authors: Chen Guo Ping , Zhao Zhi Qin , Liu Qing H.
Published: September 2012

Microwave-Induced Thermo-Acoustic Tomography (MITAT) own much concerns in recent years in biomedical imaging field. High contrast and resolution compared with conventional microwave or ultrasound imaging system especially for malignant tumors are outstanding characters of it. In this paper, the induced thermo-acoustic wave propagating in a mimic biologic tissue is simulated by numeric method Pseudo-Spectrum Time Domain (PSTD). Due to the excellent performance in noise-depress and the stability for the fluctuation of the model parameters, Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) imaging technique is studied computationally for the simulative received thermo-acoustic signals. Some thermo-acoustic objects with different initial pressure distribution are designed and imaged by TRM technique to represent the complex biologic tissue case in a random media. The quality of images generated by TRM technique based on PSTD method hints the potential of the MITAT technique.
Study on Sound Field of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound with Short Focal Length
Authors: Zhao Jin Hua , Yu Li Li , Hui Chun , Huang Bin Feng , Li Chao , Zhao Quan Zhou
Published: September 2012

In this paper, numerical simulation of sound field with short focal length is performed, which is based on spheroidal beam equation (SBE) in frequency-domain for transducer with a wide aperture angle. And we made some experiments on vitro bovine liver to explore the characteristic of sound pressure and-3dB sound focal region at different positions of incident interface. It is found that with a fixed curvature radius if the focal length is shorter under the skin, the amplitude of sound pressure will be higher on the focus and the shape of-3dB sound focal region will be smaller. When the incident interface is in the range of planar wave, nonlinear effect is strong and the focus will change with the interface position. Especially when the position is near to transition location between planar wave and spheroidal wave, the nonlinear effect is lowered. While the focus is closer to the sound source so as to burn the scarfskin easily. When the interface is in the range of spheroidal wave, the focus position changes little but the side lobe effect due to refraction is obvious. And the focusing performance of transducer will be affected. The experimental results validate the accuracy of theoretical results. It is concluded that the position of incident interface should be selected reasonably with short focal length in the treatment of superficial tissue.
Inferring Functional Annotation for Human Genes from Gene-PDB Structure Mapping
Authors: Chen Xi , Jiang Hao , Ching Wai Ki , Li Li Min
Published: September 2012

Protein 3D structure is one of the main factors in reecting gene functions. The availability of protein structure data in Protein Data Bank (PDB) allows us to conduct gene function analysis based on protein structure data. However, the molecules in PDB, whose structures having been determined, are always not corresponding to a unique gene. That is to say, the mapping from a gene to the PDB is not one-to-one. This feature complicates the situation and increases the difculty of gene function analysis. In this paper, we attempt to tackle this problem and also study the problem of predicting gene function from protein structures based on the gene-PDB mapping. We rst obtain the gene-PDB mapping, which is used to represent a gene by the structure set of all its corresponding PDB molecules. We then dene a new gene-gene similarity measurement based on the structure similarity between PDB molecules, and we further show that this new measurement matches with the gene functional similarity. This means that the measurement we dened here can be used effectively for gene function prediction.
DNA Vaccines Co-Expressing Containing Hsp70 and GP5/M Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Display Enhanced Immunogenicity
Authors: Zuo Lan , Yan Qi Gui , Lei Yan , Wang Xu , Feng Ying Chun , Chen Yu , Ren Yu Peng , Wan Li , Li Shuang Jiang , Liu Bing
Published: September 2012

Construction of Eukaryotic recombinant expression Vector pCI-ORF5-ORF6/ pCI-ORF5-ORF6B-Hsp70 Containing Hsp70 and PRRSV GP5/M (encoded by ORF5 and ORF6 genes), and to study its immune effect. After ifentified by enzyme analysis and nucleotide sequencing test,the repression vector plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells. The transient expression protein was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western-blotting. The immunogenicities of this DNA vaccine constructs were firstly investigated in a mouse moder. IFN-γ, IL-4 of cytokine, and the spleen T-lymphocyte subgroup quantity (CD4+/CD8+) were detected. The result shows that the recombinant plasmid pCI-ORF5-ORF6-Hsp70 could induce higher response of cellular immune responses and specific hummune responses in mouse, providing the clinical basic data and theoretical basis for success of the DNA vaccine development.
Discriminative Training for Native Chinese Speakers' Pronunciation Proficiency Evaluation
Authors: Yan Ke
Published: September 2012

Most computer assisted language learning (CALL) systems use acoustic models trained by MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) for pronunciation proficiency evaluation. However, MLE ignores information of other phones during training stage and cant distinguish confusing phones well. This paper introduced discriminative measures of minimum phone/word error to refine acoustic models to deal with the problem. This paper analyzed discriminative trained acoustic models on Putonghua proficiency test in detail and found that: 1) They are much more distinguishable than MLE ones; 2) Even though the training and test are mismatch, they still perform significantly better than MLE-trained models under the same phone boundaries. The final system performance has approximately 4.5% relative improvement.