bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the construction of an international Chinese teaching platform in a smart environment
Authors: CUI Meng
Published: January 2022

The construction of an international Chinese teaching platform in a smart environment is the key to realize smart education and promote the modern development of international Chinese education. The traditional teaching resource platform has many problems, and it is difficult to meet the intellectual needs of learners. Based on the needs of education and teaching reform under the background of new liberal arts, the article deeply analyzes the implementation path of smart environment and international Chinese teaching resources and platform construction, constructs a system framework for smart resource platform construction, and finally discusses the development trend of international Chinese teaching in a smart environment. Discussions were conducted in order to provide a reference for the intelligent upgrading and transformation of international Chinese education.
uso de hashtags, menciones, emoticonos, hipervínculos, vídeos e imágenes en las cuentas corporativas de Twitter de seis grandes empresas españolas
Authors: Cenizo Ruiz-Bravo Coral
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso y frecuencia con la que seis grandes empresas españolas emplean elementos ajenos al mensaje textual, como hashtags, menciones, emoticonos, hipervínculos, vídeos e imágenes, en Twitter.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cuantitativo de los tuits corporativos publicados por las mencionadas empresas durante un periodo de tiempo de veinte días con una muestra de 440 publicaciones.Resultados: La investigación pone de manifiesto la importancia que tienen estos elementos en la comunicación corporativa realizada por estas seis empresas y demuestra que los emoticonos, hashtags e hipervínculos son los más empleados en sus publicaciones de Twitter. Los resultados también confirman el uso más recurrente que hacen de cinco combinaciones de hashtags, menciones, emoticonos, hipervínculos, vídeos e imágenes en sus perfiles de Twitter.Limitaciones/implicaciones: Los resultados contrastan con investigaciones previas e indican una posible evolución temporal o particularidad geográfica en el uso de los mencionados elementos dentro de la comunicación corporativa de estas empresas. También demuestran la escasa presencia de los elementos audiovisuales en sus tuits corporativos, a pesar de su alto potencial de interacción con los usuarios.Originalidad/contribución: Esta investigación es pionera en analizar el uso que hacen estas seis compañías de elementos como hashtags, menciones, emoticonos, hipervínculos, vídeos e imágenes en los tuits corporativos dentro del ámbito geográfico español.
diplomacia comercial como factor de legitimación del servicio exterior español (2002-2004)
Authors: Xuclà Jordi
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es abordar el restablecimiento de la legitimidad, la autonomía y el prestigio del Servicio Exterior español ante la opinión pública después de la retirada de las tropas españolas de Irak en abril de 2004. Es un caso de análisis positivo de las decisiones políticas y de su ejecución. Para conseguir el objetivo se potenció la diplomacia económica y comercial, así como la diplomacia pública. Se estudia la implicación empresarial en los grandes foros de diplomacia comercial (Consejos-Fundación y Foros bilaterales) y la entrada de España como observadora permanente en el G-20. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Estudio de índole cualitativa basado principalmente en la técnica de investigación del estudio de caso. Como técnicas de investigación de contraste: las entrevistas en profundidad a stakeholders en el ámbito político, diplomático y empresarial y el análisis de contenido de la documentación asociada al caso así como los trabajos parlamentarios sobre la reforma del Servicio Exterior español orientada a la diplomacia comercial. Resultados: Los resultados subrayan la eficacia de los mecanismos de legitimación del Servicio Exterior español a través de la diplomacia comercial y la implicación de líderes empresariales en la consecución de tal objetivo. Se aporta el conocimiento del proceso de decisión política y su ejecución. También se aporta conocimiento sobre la identificación de la política exterior como elemento de identidad política central en la competición electoral. Limitaciones/implicaciones: La desigual predisposición entre las administraciones Aznar y Zapatero para informar sobre el período 2002-2004. Aunque los elementos fácticos para concluir la nueva legitimidad del Servicio Exterior son consistentes, el estudio habría podido verse enriquecido con más elementos de defensa de los dos episodios descritos que erosionaron la imagen del Servicio Exterior.
Educación superior en comunicación audiovisual
Authors: López-Golán Mónica , Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Puentes-Rivera Iván
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: En el contexto de pandemia que vivimos, el sistema universitario español ha tratado de garantizar la calidad docente implementando nuevas metodologías ajustadas a las modalidades de docencia híbrida y online. Teniendo en cuenta esta premisa, la investigación pretende determinar cuáles han sido los principales retos para la teledocencia en la facultad de Ciencias de Comunicación de la Universidad de A Coruña y cómo se ha adaptado su alumnado al entorno de enseñanza no presencial.

Metodología: La investigación está orientada al método descriptivo basado en el estudio de caso. El instrumento metodológico utilizado para la recolección de información es un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que giran en torno a cuatro bloques temáticos: recursos metodológicos usados en la modalidad de enseñanza virtual, ventajas y desventajas de la docencia online, propuestas de mejora detectadas durante el período de pandemia y la importancia de la presencialidad en la formación en comunicación audiovisual.

Resultados: Las herramientas tecnológicas han desempeñado un papel fundamental como facilitadoras de nuevas metodologías en el proceso de enseñanza virtual dentro del contexto analizado. El contenido audiovisual de apoyo a través de la plataforma de la universidad o las sesiones teóricas grabadas disponibles en cualquier momento son los recursos mejor valorados por el alumnado de la facultad. Por su parte, el 45% de los docentes reconoce tener carencias competenciales más o menos acusadas en nuevas tecnologías y el 47% afirma haber detectado necesidades en el alumnado en torno a habilidades transversales como la autonomía.
Caracterización de la vocería oficial en situaciones de crisis humanitaria
Authors: Maximiliano García Diego
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: La vocería oficial de los gobiernos nacionales ha sido uno de los principales canales de comunicación durante la crisis por la pandemia de COVID-19. En el marco del proyecto de investigación, el objetivo del autor es analizar y caracterizar las comunicaciones de los gobiernos de Argentina y de España al momento de anunciar: a) los primeros casos detectados de COVID-19, b) los anuncios de cuarentena y c) los informes cotidianos de avance de la pandemia en cada país.

Diseño y enfoque: La selección de los casos de Argentina y España responde a los ámbitos de investigación del autor: por un lado, forma parte del equipo de investigación antes mencionado, que tiene su sede en la Universidad Salesiana de Argentina, por otro lado, está realizando sus estudios de doctorado en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, en donde está estudiando aspectos vinculados con la comunicación de crisis. Así, la elección de ambos países resulta relevante para ambos propósitos de investigación.En este caso, entonces, se toman elementos de la sociolingüística para analizar y comparar las tres instancias de la vocería, a fin de detectar similitudes y diferencias en las estrategias llevadas a cabo por cada administración. El corpus está compuesto por registros en video publicados en los canales de cada gobierno en YouTube y sus respectivas transcripciones. A eso se suma, en algunos casos puntuales, el registro publicado por medios de comunicación de cada país.

Resultados: Luego de este análisis se llegan a definir características comunes para describir el macro-género “vocería oficial en situaciones de crisis humanitaria”, compuesto por los géneros “anuncio del primer caso”, “anuncios presidenciales de cuarentenas” e “informe diario”. Este macro-género, más allá de la pandemia, podría resultar útil como esquema para otras situaciones críticas que requieran comunicaciones gubernamentales en un período relativamente extenso de tiempo.
Significance of real-time petro-physical data for an optimal remote geosteering operation in complex geological reservoirs
Authors: Amer Muhammad Attique , Ehsan Muhsan , Akhtar Muhammad Javid
Published: January 2022

In the last decade, the oil industry has transitioned from primarily drilling vertical wells to a majority of extended reach complex horizontal wells with help of geosteering techniques for better reservoir and production efficiencies. The overall objective of geosteering and well placement has helped to maximize reservoir contact by the keeping well trajectory in the pay zone with the help of quality real-time data, especially in these uncertain times of pandemic due to COVID-19. This paper illustrates the immense impact of real-time data feeds (special logging tools/images) at operation centers with the full remote expert support of multidisciplinary teams. The proper data communication mechanism is also helpful to share the information across asset teams in a timely manner to drill complex wells remotely. To achieve the desired geosteering objective, experts monitor and evaluate the real-time petro-physical data of a landing well and design the well path accordingly to stay in the pay zone/horizon. During this collaborative and integrated geosteering process, the geological and petro-physical variables like the reservoir architecture, permeability and porosity distribution, and fluid contacts are also being used to update the reservoir models in real-time, based on the latest subsurface information for better reservoir management, operational performance and timely decision making.
The Effect of Attachment Styles on Cyber Dating Abuse in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: YUSHAN Zubaidan , CIHAN HÜDAYAR
Published: January 2022

The first aim of this study was to examine the effects of attachment styles (anxious-ambivalent attachment, secure attachment, avoidant attachment) in cyber dating abuse (direct aggression, monitoring/control). The second aim was to
examine gender differences in emerging adulthood who exposed to cyber dating abuse. Permission was obtained from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ethics Committee for the study with decision number 25 on 08/10/2021. Participants
were ages of 19 and 26 years (X=22.06, SD=2.5) unmarried emerging adulthood (n=211,77.3% women, 22.7% men). All participants had been in a relationship for more than one month. Participants completed a demographic information form,
the Cyber-Dating Abuse Questionnaire (Bakır & Kalkan, 2019), and the Three-Dimensional Attachment Style Scale (Erzen, 2016). The results showed that men were exposed to direct aggression much more than women, but there were
no gender differences in monitoring/control. The other result was that secure attachment style negatively correlated with cyber dating abuse (direct aggression, monitoring/control). Furthermore, secure attachment significantly
and negatively predicted direct aggression, which the higher the secure attachment related to the lower direct aggression. Avoidant attachment significantly and positively predicted direct aggression; Higher avoidant attachment
was associated with more increased direct aggression. Also, anxious-ambivalent attachment did not significantly predict direct aggression. However, anxious-ambivalent attachment significantly and positively predicted monitoring/control,
which higher levels of anxious-ambivalent attachment were associated with higher levels of monitoring/control. The results are discussed, and the limitations of the research are explained.
A Sociological Analysis of Europe in the Equation of Nationalism and Multiculturalism
Authors: KAYA Şener , EROĞLU Yunus
Published: January 2022

Dünyanın küreselleşmenin etkisi ile birlikte toplumsal ve siyasal alanda ivme kazanması, son yıllarda kimlik ve kültürel çeşitlilik yaklaşımlarında önemli değişikliklere sebep olmuştur. Bu değişikliklerin neticesinde ortaya çıkan unsurlara
bağlı olarak farklılıkların barışçıl bir şekilde hayatta kalması için sunulan yaklaşımlar farklı kavramsallaştırmaların kullanımını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu farklı kavramlardan biri de “çokkültürlülük” kavramıdır. Çokkültürlülük,
bir toplumda var olan tüm sosyal ve bireysel farklılıkların siyasi ve kamusal olarak tanınması anlamına gelir. Bu farklılıklar arasında etnik köken, din, dil ve kültürel öğeler yer almakta ve çokkültürlülük, bu farklılıkları bir
toplumda barındırmayı amaçlayan bir tanıma politikasının ürünüdür. Farklılıkları bir arada tutma düşüncesi ile verilen haklar çeşitli sosyal sorunların yaşanmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Çokkültürlülük, ulus devletlerin temel sembollerini
bulanıklaştırmış ve milliyetçilik ve ulusal kimlik için bir tehdit olarak algılanmıştır. Avrupa’nın çokkültürlülük politikalarına derleyici tarzda ışık tutan bu çalışmanın amacı; Avrupa’nın milliyetçilik ve ulus devlet inşası sürecinden
çokkültürlülük politikalarına geçiş evrelerini incelemek ve nihayetinde milliyetçilik düşüncesinin tekrar yükselişi, artan göç hareketleri, Avrupa Birliğinin genişleme politikaları, işsizlik, ırkçılık, yabancı düşmanlığı, refahın
paylaşılması ve güvenlik kaygısı ile birlikte bu politikaların hem siyasi arenada hem de toplumsal hafızada nasıl erozyona uğradığını ortaya koymaktır. Bütüncül bir çerçevede ele alındığında Avrupa’nın çokkültürlülük bağlamında
bir çöküş sürecinde olduğu bu çalışmanın nihai bulgusuna işaret etmektedir.
A Qualitative Research on Syrian Working Children’s Education Problems
Authors: MENGÜ Enver , YAMAN Ömer Miraç
Published: January 2022

Savaşların savunmasız figüranları olan çocuklar, maruz kaldıkları göç sürecinin yanında mahrum kaldıkları eğitim süresiyle de ikinci kez dezavantajlı konuma düşmektedirler. Söz konusu dezavantajlı durumdan kurtulabilmeleri ve içinde
bulundukları toplumla uyumlarını gerçekleştirebilmeleri adına göçmen çocukların eğitim meselesi ise kritik önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma kapsamında da Türkiye’ye göç etmiş ve çalışma durumunda kalmaları nedeniyle eğitim hayatları
sekteye uğramış olan Suriyeli çocukların eğitim meselesi ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırma, Suriyeli çocukları eğitime kazandırmak ve eğitim sürecindeki zorluklarda kendilerine destek olmak amacıyla özgün çalışmalar yürüten
Yeryüzü Çocukları Derneğinin uzandığı Suriyeli çocuklarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal ve beşeri bilimler araştırma ve yayın etiği kurulu, 07.12.2021 tarihli ve 2021/67 sayılı kararına göre de etik açıdan uygun bulunan bu araştırmada
nitel yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Buna göre de amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ve betimleyici bir yaklaşım tercih edilerek yürütülen bu nitel araştırmada, çalışma hayatından eğitim hayatına kazandırılan toplamda 17 öğrenci ile yüz yüze derinlemesine
mülakat ve 4 öğrenci ile bir odak grup çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre de Suriyeli çocukların çalışma hayatlarında karşılaştıkları sorunları; çalışma sürelerinin uzunluğu, çalışma şartlarının ağırlığı
ve çalışma ortamında maruz kaldıkları incitici tavırlar şeklinde sıralamak mümkündür. Ayrıca Suriyeli çocukların eğitimde karşılaştıkları sorunlar ise derslerin zorlukları, öğretmenlerin incitici tavırları ve öğrenci arkadaşları
tarafından kendilerine yöneltilen nefret söylemi olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Reproduction of Violence Against Women by Media Selection of Visual Elements
Authors: ALP Hakan , BOSTANCI Emir , GÜZEL Meltem
Published: January 2022

Ana akım medyanın özellikle internet üzerinden haber yapan mecralarında kullanılan kadın imajı, egemen söylem ve cinsiyet eşitsizliği üzerinden inşa edilmektedir. Söz konusu eşitsizlik kadına yönelik önyargılar üzerinden yeniden üretilmektedir.
Hem söylem ve dil açısından hem de haber içeriklerinde kullanılan görseller açısından değerlendirildiğinde, hâkim ideolojik söylemin seksist bir bakış açısıyla temellendirildiği görülmektedir. Makalemiz kapsamında, Ekim 2020-Nisan
2021 tarihleri arasında ana akım medyanın tiraj bazında en büyük 3 gazetesinin internet haber siteleri taciz haberlerinde kullandıkları görseller açısından incelenmiştir. Taciz haberlerinde kullanılan görsellerin büyük çoğunluğunda
kadının erkek karşısında edilgen ve çaresiz bir şekilde resmedildiği tespit edilmiştir. Egemen söylemin taciz ve şiddet haberleri çerçevesinde kadın temsilini “mağduriyet” üzerine kurduğu gözlemlenirken, kullandığı görsellerle
bu “mağduriyet mitini” yeniden ürettiği görülmüştür. Özellikle medyanın devletin ideolojik aygıtlarından biri olarak toplumun her alanına sızarak egemen ideolojinin taşıyıcılığını yaptığı ve yeniden üretim aracı görevi üstlendiği
görülmektedir. Egemenin, iktidar mücadelesi araçlarından birisi olarak görülen şiddet, eşit olmayan ilişkilerde oluşan ikna ve rıza kavramları sonucu ideolojik bir baskı haline dönüşmektedir. Medyanın kadına yönelik şiddet ve taciz
haberlerinde kullandığı dilin ve söylemin sorunlu olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca haber görsellerinin seçimi ve kullanımı açısından değerlendirildiğinde taciz ve şiddet haberlerinde kadının mağdur, çaresiz ve kurban olarak sunulduğu
görülmektedir. Kullanılan bu imajın, kadının toplumsal anlamda şiddetle mücadele pratiğini kötü etkilediği ve kadına yönelik pasifleştirme ve edilgen hale gelme bakış açısını yeniden ürettiği düşünülmektedir.
Fukaraperver Asssociations in the Ottoman Empire As an Example of Social Solidarity
Authors: ÇEVİK Abidin , ÇAYCİ M.Emin
Published: January 2022

İnsanlar tarihsel süreç boyunca, ihtiyaç sahiplerine yardım etmek için birçok yöntem kullanmışlardır. Bu yöntemlerden en bilineni, diğer insanlarla bir araya gelerek toplumun farklı kesimleri için yardım toplulukları oluşturmaktı.
Bu oluşumların temeli, esas olarak dini hassasiyetlere ve toplumsal dengenin bozulma endişesine dayanmaktadır. Tarihsel veriler, sosyal yardımlarda vakıf, kilise ve esnaf loncalarının ön planda olduğunu göstermektedir. Osmanlı
Devleti'nde yoksulların ihtiyaçları uzun süre bu kurumlar aracılığıyla karşılanmıştır. On dokuzuncu yüzyıldan itibaren kiliseler ve esnaf loncaları yanında sivil toplum kuruluşu olarak örgütlenen yardım cemiyetleri ortaya çıkmış,
bunlar yoksullara yardım için çeşitli faaliyetler yürütmeye başlamışlardır. Bu cemiyetlerden bazıları, dünyanın birçok yerinde örgütlenmiş uluslararası misyoner kuruluşlarıydı. Diğer yardım kuruluşlarını, gayrimüslim topluluklar
veya zanaatkârlar idare ediyordu. Mevcut bilgiler, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda, özellikle İkinci Meşrutiyet'in ilanından hemen sonra, ağırlıklı olarak gayrimüslimler tarafından kurulan yardım cemiyetlerinin sayısının arttığını göstermektedir.
Türkler de zamanla fakirler ve yardıma muhtaç kimseler için hayır cemiyetleri kurmaya başladılar; böylece bu tür yardım kuruluşlarının sayısının artmasında önemli rol oynadılar. Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemde yaşadığı büyük sosyal,
siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlar, toplumun yoksul kesimiyle olan ilişkisinin de seyrini etkilemiştir. Devlet ve toplum ilişkisi yeni süreçle birlikte hızla değişmiş ve yeni bir şekle bürünmüştür. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Osmanlı Devlet
Arşivlerinde bulunan belgelerden hareketle fukaraperver cemiyetlerinin tarihsel süreci ele almaktır.
Effects of Recreational and Activity (Festival) Uses on Protected Areas: The Case of Aymaç Nature Park
Authors: SEZER İbrahim
Published: January 2022

Her geçen gün kalabalıklaşan, stresli ve yoğun tempolu ortamlara sahip kentlerde yaşam süren insanlar, kentlerin dışında ve uzağında doğal ortamlarda yer alan kırsal ve açık mekan rekreasyon alanlarını daha fazla tercih etme eğilimine
girebilmektedirler. Covid 19 Pandemisi’nin de etkili olduğu ve insanların kalabalıklardan kaçma arzularının arttığı günümüzde kırsal alanlarda ve doğal ortamlarda yer alan bu tür alanların daha fazla insanı ağırladığı gözlenmektedir.
Bu bağlamda en çok tercih edilen açık mekan rekreasyon alanlarından birisi de orman içi dinlenme ve mesire alanları ile tabiat parklarıdır. Bu tür alanlar insanların hem kentlerin stresli ortamlarından kısa süreliğine de olsa uzaklaşmasına,
hem de zindelik ve tazelenme kazanmalarına, bedensel ve ruhsal yönden yenilenmelerine ve Pandemi riskinin daha az olduğu yerlerde çeşitli rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılmalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Böyle ortamlardan birisi de
Giresun ilinin Dereli ilçesi Alancık Köyü sınırlarında, Kümbet Köyü yakınında yer alan Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’dır. Aymaç Tabiat Parkı, daha önce mesire alanı iken, 2017 yılında tabiat parkı olarak ilan edilerek koruma altına alınmıştır.
Çalışmada Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’nın rekreasyon faaliyetleri ve ekoturizm açısından barındırdığı potansiyelin ortaya konulması, yapılabilecek rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi, tabiat parkında rekreasyon ve etkinlik amaçlı kullanımların
ve bunların Aymaç Tabiat Parkı üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması, bu kullanımlardan kaynaklanan sorunların irdelenerek, bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sahası, Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’nı kapsamaktadır.
Çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden örnek olay (durum çalışması) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak ise öncelikle tez, makale, bildiri, kitaplar ve internet kaynakları gibi ikincil
veri kaynakları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra birincil veri kaynağı olarak arazi gözlemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yaptığımız araştırmalar neticesinde Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’nın Giresun ilindeki 11 tabiat parkından biri olup, değerlendirilebilecek
düzeyde rekreasyon ve ekoturizm potansiyeline sahip olduğu, Giresun ilinde piknik yapma başta olmak üzere günübirlik rekreasyon faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmek için insanların en çok rağbet ettikleri yerlerden birisi olduğu, ancak
bu potansiyelin Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’ndaki bazı altyapı ve üstyapı eksikliklerinden dolayı yeterince değerlendirilemediği anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Aymaç Tabiat Parkı bünyesinde düzenlenen yayla festivali nedeniyle kısa süreliğine
de olsa taşıma kapasitesinin aşıldığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda gerekli düzenlemeler yapıldığında, Aymaç Tabiat Parkı’nın hem rekreasyon faaliyetleri için daha etkin bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine hem de daha iyi korunmasına
katkı sağlanabileceği kanısındayız.
White Spot Lesions on Teeth during or Postorthodontic Treatment: A Knowledge Based Cross-sectional Survey of Dentists
Authors: Nayak Ullal Anand , Nawawi Elaf Youssef , Bazuhair Lama Mohammed , Nasser Maryam Nabeel , Sait Renad Khalid , Nayak Prathibha Anand
Published: January 2022

Introduction: White Spot Lesions (WSLs) observed during or after fixed orthodontic therapy has known to cause several dental problems clinically and aesthetically. It becomes imperative to understand the perception of treating dentists of the paediatric dentists to whom the children first visit, and also of the treating orthodontists and restorative dentists. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dentists regarding WSLs related to orthodontic treatment, and also to assess the preferences of these dentists regarding its management. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was planned for a period of two months (15th August 2020 to 15th October 2020) using a close ended, multiple choice questionnaire directed to evaluate the perspective of 260 dentists of Saudi Arabia towards white spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment. The self designed validated questionnaire was prepared and mailed to dentists across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics followed by Chi-sqaure test was done to compare variables in the questionnaire. Results: A total of 52 paediatric dentists, 53 orthodontists, 51 restorative dentists, and 104 general dentists participated in the study. Out of 260 dentists, 236 (90.8%) of them have observed WSLs in their patients during/after orthodontic treatment. Adolescent patients more commonly complained of undesirable aesthetics due to WSLs. Incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. All dentists except orthodontists believed that they were proficient in diagnosing superficial or deep WSLs (p-value=0.005). Most dentists preferred professional application of high concentration topical fluorides. Most patients demanded an instant correction of these WSLs as reported by all groups of dentists. Conclusion: WSLs are commonly observed by dentists during the initial 7 to 12 months period of starting orthodontic therapy, more commonly on incisor teeth among the adolescent age group. The dentists recommended maintaining good oral hygiene as the most effective way of preventing WSLs. They also believed that high concentration fluoride agents are well suited for treating superficial lesions and composite resin restorations for deeper lesions.
Evaluation of Apical Root Morphology of Maxillary Incisors using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Brazilian Subpopulation: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bernardes Cristiane Martins Rodrigues , Rabelo Luiz Eduardo Gregoris , Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues DE Araújo , Guedes Orlando Aguirre , Silva Brunno Santos DE Freitas , Estrela Carlos
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment is high. It is associated with several factors, such as tooth group, type and duration of treatment, applied force and root morphology. Aim: To evaluate the apical root morphology of maxillary incisors in a Brazilian subpopulation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, 400 maxillary incisors from 167 patients registered in the data base of Dental Radiology Clinics between January 2012 and April 2017 were analysed. The apical root configuration was verified by navigating 0.1 mm/0.1 mm, in the three planes, axial, coronal, and sagittal sections on CBCT images, from the root canal entrance to the apical foramen, as well as from the apical direction to the crown. The standard reference for apical root form corresponded to the long axis of the tooth. The root forms and their frequency were characterised according to the classification proposed by Levander and Malmgren (1988). The qualitative variables were analysed by the Chi-square test. The level of significance was p-value <0.05. Results: A total of 400 maxillary anterior teeth (central and lateral incisors; n=200 each) from 167 patients (101 women; mean age was 41.8±16.20 years) were analysed. The most common apical root form presented in the central incisors was the blunt root {99 (49.5%)}, followed by pipette-shaped root {69 (34.5%)}. The less frequent was the short root {13 (6.5%)} (p-value <0.001). In the lateral incisors, the highest frequency presented was lacerated root {111 (55.5%)}, followed by blunt root {47 (23.5%)}, and pipette- shaped root {37 (18.5%)} (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Maxillary central incisors had a higher frequency of rhomboid (blunt) root morphology, while lateral incisors had a higher frequency of curved (lacerated) root form.
Comparison of Flexural Strength and Surface Hardness of Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Silanised Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles- An In-vitro Study
Authors: Pokuri Rajeswari , Tadi Durga Prasad , Tripuraneni Sunil , Surapaneni Hemchand , Vadapalli Sri Harsha Babu , Suggala Aiswarya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In complete denture fabrication, the common denture base material used is heat activated Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA). Considering various advantages, still there are some disadvantages like poor flexural strength and poor wear resistance. The flexural strength of any material reflects its potential to resist catastrophic fracture under a flexural load. Another property that influences the surface characteristics of acrylic resins is the surface hardness, which indicates the ease of finishing a material and its resistance to in-service scratching during cleaning procedures and exposure to various oral fluids. Thus an ideal denture base material should exhibit greater flexural strength and high surface hardness for the longevity of the dentures. Aim: To evaluate the effects of adding different percentages of silanised aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface hardness of a conventional heat-polymerised acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro experimental study was conducted between October 2020 to Janaury 2021 at Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 120 samples were fabricated and were grouped into four groups coded A to D (n=30). Group A was the control group (without adding Al2O3). Specimens in the other three groups (B to D) were reinforced with silanised Al2O3 at loadings of 1%, 2.5% and 5% w/w. Flexural strength was assessed with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine. Surface hardness test was conducted using a Vickers Hardness (VH) tester. Data was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: Among all the reinforced groups highest flexural strength value was seen in Group C- PMMA+2.5% w/w silanised aluminium oxide nanoparticles reinforced group (88.33 Mpa) and highest surface hardness value was seen in the Group D- PMMA+5% w/w silanised Aluminium oxide nanoparticles reinforced group (29.44 VH). Conclusion: Reinforcement of the conventional heat cured acrylic resin with 2.5% w/w silanised Al2O3 nanoparticles significantly increased its flexural strength and hardness.
Pesticide Use in Bangladesh: A Review on Potential Impacts
Authors: Barmon Shapon Chandro , Chaki Bijan Mohon , Wu Youyi
Published: January 2022

Bangladesh is a densely populated agricultural country. A wide range of products of pesticides being used in Bangladesh is already considered a health and environmental concern by different international agencies including the World Health Organization (WHO). Excessive, irrational use of pesticides in agriculture, and lack of knowledge on pest management have caused widespread pesticide pollution which is now posing a substantial threat to the environment and local people. In this review, we assessed and analyzed previous literature systematically to map a complete scenario of pesticide pollution in Bangladesh, covering soil, water, and foods. Most of the previous studies indicated that soil, water, and different seasonal vegetables are contaminated with organophosphorus, pyrethroid, and exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum residual limits. Concentration of chlorpyriphos, malathion were found below the detection limit in soil samples. But water samples were found contaminated with chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, carbaryl and carbofuran. Considered vegetable samples were adulterated with fenvalerate, quinalphos, cypermethrin, fenitrothion, dimethoate, parathion, linuron, phenthoate. Persistence of organochlorines in the environment is limited and meets the maximum residue level (MRLs). This study will help to depict the pesticide pollution status in the environmental matrices in recent years and to cut off the exacerbation of pesticide pollution. A proactive approach is essential to limit the pesticide pollution load in the environmental matrices.
A Wavelet-Galerkin Method for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Benhadid Yacine
Published: January 2022

A general implementation is presented for constructing a wavelet method for solving the nonlinear equation of Schr¨odinger. An explicit formula is derived which yields a stability in of the numerical solution. A simulation is elaborated to show the general behavior of the distribution function. Numerical results and comparison with classical algorithms are provided. This approach prove an attractive scheme for solving such equation.
Geomorphologic Change in Nagavali River Basin: Geospatial Approach
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Patel Ashish , Mishra Abhisek , Kumar Chandan
Published: January 2022

The Nagavali river basin (NRB), along east coast of India investigated for its land use and land cover changes (LULCC) in the golden spike period of Anthropocene Epoch. Attempts made to assess the vicissitudes, causes, and consequences of natural resources, and soil/water resources of the NRB in last three decades as significant changes in hydro-climatic variables occurred. The interstate basin is well developed in lower reaches (north Andhra Pradesh) whereas upper stretches, South Odisha is less organized.

GIS and remote sensing are efficient tools for an ideal study of LULCC of the area. Present work evaluates the dynamics of LULCC of NRB. LANDSAT-5, LANDSAT-8, of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively, were digitally classified for land use land cover mapping. The changing aspects of LULCC critically analyzed for three span, 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2020. Through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the NRB examined carefully to assess the recent LULCC pattern.

Major changes are sue to exchanges of areas are in between forest and built-up land followed by water body. The transformations are from forest to human habitation; especially built-up area that constitutes major percentage of the total landscape. The study shows that emphasis is necessary on more water consolidation projects in the upper Nagavali Basin considering the long-term LULC trend analysis.
Effect of Irrigation and N-fertigation Levels on Broccoli Performance in a Polynet House
Authors: Naik Sathyamurthy , Kumar K. S. , Rondla Sai Kumar , Kishan K.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to see how the microclimate of the polynet house, irrigation, and fertigation levels affect broccoli output. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design within bounds beneath a polynet house with 320 m2 floor area covered with 50% perforated green colour net. Plant height, dry matter production yield, and its attributes were found to be maximum in drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125 % N at all growth stages, as per effect of scheduled irrigation and fertigation levels on crop biometric performance. Drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125% N resulted in a high higher yield (22.02 t ha-1); while treatments drip irrigation (1.5 Epan) + 75% N resulted as in lowest yield (18.02 t ha-1).The treatment drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125% N had a maximum NPK uptake. Polynet house covered with 50% perforation of green colour is suitable for realizing favorable microclimate for broccoli cultivation. Drip irrigation scheduled at 1.0 E pan with 125%N in the poly net house is recommended for broccoli production in central Telanganaagro-climatic conditions as it maintained high yield and water use efficiency.
Prevention of the Development of Chronic Diseases in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stepanenko Elena Andreevna , Isaeva Liana Aslanbekovna , Sokolova Alena Igorevna , Vinogradova Irina Vladimirovna , Labuznov Alexander Vladimirovich , Ignatyeva Olga Valeryevna
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the features of the prevention of chronic diseases in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that patients suffering from various chronic diseases have weakened immunity, and this forces doctors to attribute such patients to the risk group, whose participants are most susceptible to the severe course of coronavirus disease.

In light of all the above, the main task of medical workers today is to prevent the development of chronic diseases as such, and therefore the prevention of chronic diseases in general is a priority for medicine today. An attempt to preserve the health of the nation and prevent the mortality rate from increasing is the main task of doctors, secondary and junior medical personnel. That is why preventive work among the population, especially the older age group, should be carried out actively and systematically today.
Developmental Coordination Disorder, Impact of Fine Motor Skills on Handwriting and Academic Performance in School Going Children: A Research Protocol
Authors: Morghade Shwetambari , Qureshi Mohammed Irshad , Kovela Rakesh Krishna
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that inhibits muscle coordination that affects everyday life tasks and academic achievement. Children with DCD are often characterized as "clumsy" and "uncoordinated" and often lead to performance problems that most often create (TD) children can easily execute. Generally, treatments for DCD are not expected to succeed and the disease has no treatment. Therapies, on the other hand, will include skills, solutions, and accommodations that make it simpler for children with DCD to execute the motor activities required in everyday life and school settings. Some studies emphasize that child’s developmental status plays an important role in academic performance, but there is limited evidence which focuses on fine motor performance in children suspected of DCD, and its effect on their handwriting and academic performance.

Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study will be conducted at several schools around Wardha, with 1511 school-aged children of both genders ranging in age from 8 to 14 years participating.

Discussion: Some studies stress the importance of a child's developmental status in academic achievement, however, there is minimal data that focus on fine motor skills in children suspected of having DCD and its impact on handwriting and academic performance.

Conclusion: This study will help us in determining the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder and the relationship between handwriting and academic performance in these children.
Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Unani Formulation Habb-e-Asgand
Authors: Ahemad Ansari Imtiyaz Ahmed Tufail , Aejazuddin Qazi Majaz Ahamad , Khan G. J.
Published: January 2022

Aim: In the present work we aimed to perform phytochemical Screening and In-vitro free radical scavenging activity of Unani formulation Habb-e-asgand.

Study Design: The present work was designed to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Ferrous reducing antioxidant capacity assay (FRAC), DPPH radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present work has been carried out at Ali-allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa, from February-2020 to November-2020.

Methodology: Habb-e-asgand (HEA), a Unani polyherbal drug used in arthritis, gout, and joint pain, is a blend of many herbal medicinal plants. Scientific attempts to test and validate its effectiveness are scarce. The selected Unani formulation was evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The given formulation also evaluated the total antioxidant capacity and the reducing antioxidant capacity of ferrous metals.

Results: It was found that DPPH radical scavenging activity of HEA and BHT at a concentration of 100 μg/ml was 95±0.74 and 59±0.94 μg/ml. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of HEA, at the concentration of 100μg/ml, was 55±0.64, whereas at the same concentration catechin was 63±0.84 μg/ml. The IC50 value for nitric acid scavenging activity was found to be 49.60±1.57 for HEA, and 186.34 ± 3.28 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. The result obtained from TAC and FRAC activity demonstrates that HEA possessed the highest TAC and FRAC values in comparison to standards catechin and ascorbic acid.

Conclusion: From the above results it was concluded that HEA has a potent antioxidant activity. HEA showed moderate to high TAC and FRAC in dose-dependent manner compared to standards catechin and ascorbic acid. HEA shows dose-dependent DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Nitric oxide generation was observed after the incubation of solutions of sodium nitroprusside in PBS at 25°C for 150 min. HEA effectively reduced the generation of nitric oxide.
Spinal Cord Injuries in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Sonbul Hisham Mohammed , Aljohani Razan Mohammad N. , Alqefari Abdullah Sulaiman , Alasfoor Zahra Ahmed , Abualsaud Noor Ayman Adel , Alsrori Zahra Mohammed , Almokri Razan Mohammad S. , Alfawzan Hamoud Mohammed , Alayshan Meshari Ibrahim A. , Alshammari Malak Hamed A. , Gharib Sultan Mahmoud S. , Alzahrani Talal Mohammed , Bahattab Rawan Mohammed O.
Published: January 2022

Spinal cord injury is a serious medical disorder that frequently leads in significant morbidity and permanent impairment. Direct damage to the spinal cord or compression owing to broken vertebrae or masses such as epidural hematomas or abscesses are the most common causes of spinal cord injury. When examining a blunt trauma victim, medical professionals are taught to presume the patient has a spinal column damage unless it is proven otherwise. The early examination of a patient with a suspected cervical spinal injury in the emergency department (ED) is no different than that of any other trauma patient. The ABCs, or airway, breathing, and circulation, procedures are being taken into consideration. In acute spinal cord damage, hypotension can be hemorrhagic or neurogenic. Because of the high prevalence of concomitant injuries and vital sign confusion in acute spinal cord injury, a thorough search for hidden sources of bleeding is required. Surgical removal of bone fragments, foreign objects, herniated discs, or broken vertebrae that appear to be compressing the spine is frequently required. In order to avoid future discomfort or deformity, surgery may be required to stabilize the spine. In this review we’ll be looking at spinal cord injury, it’s diagnosis and treatment.
Studies on Lectin Mediated Agglutination Reaction on Red Blood Cell Surface Antigens Using Hot and Cold Water Plant Extracts
Authors: Velagapudi Bhavya Sahithi , Nannapaneni Hemanth Sai , Alampally Akanksha , Veeravilli Suryanarayana , Kumar Duggipogu Praveen , Kavuturi Sai Prasad , Chodisetti Swarna Tejaswi , Siddiqui Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Lectin has various physiological roles in cell agglutination, based on their carbohydrate-binding properties, plant lectins are widely used for the detection, segregation, and characterization of glycoconjugates. Rhesus (Rh) factor is a protein that is inherited and found on the surface of red blood cells. If the surface protein is present, the RBC is Rh positive; otherwise, it is Rh-negative in nature. In this paper, we use agglutination reactions to investigate the effect of different cold and hot water extracted plants on RBC antigens as an alternative to commercial monoclonal antibodies. Extensive research on the sequence homology and 3-D structure of various plant lectins suggests that they have been conserved throughout evolution and may play important physiological roles that are still unknown.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Overview and Treatment Options: A Review
Authors: Ansari Najeeb Ullah , Fatima Kaneez , Kumar Suresh , Arain Waheed Ahmed , Sarwari Shahnawaz , Kumar Ajeet
Published: January 2022

There are different forms of sleep apnea, each with different causes. Fortunately, they are all treatable. 1] Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when the muscles and soft tissues in the upper airways relax and become blocked during sleep. It is often accompanied by loud snoring or snorting. OSA is the most common form of sleep apnea, 2] Central sleep apnea (CSA) occurs when the brain stops sending signals to the respiratory muscles while sleeping. Although the airways remain open, breathing stops. CSA is less common than OSA, 3] Mixed sleep apnea is a combination of central and obstructive sleep apnea, and Common to all of these disorders is the occurrence of apneas and hypopneas. Apnea is when the muscles and soft tissues in the upper airways slacken and collapse to the point that they are completely blocked for 10 seconds or more. Hypopnea is a partial blockage of the airways that decreases airflow by more than 50% for 10 seconds or more.
Antagonistic Activity of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus Isolates against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Bashir Asma , Ali Kashif
Published: January 2022

Background: Multi drug-resistance pose a great threat to public health and are responsible for various life-threatening ailments. There is a crucial need to control the outbreaks by finding alternatives to the conventional drugs available. Over the last few years, the usage of probiotics, including Lactobacillus spp. and their bacteriocins has gained much attention to ward off various diseases.

Methods: This study was focused on characterizing bacteriocins extracted from Lactobacillus spp. and assessing their antagonistic effect against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Fifteen Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified from Pakistani dairy and fermented products (raw milk, cheese, butter milk, pickle and yoghurt). All the isolates were preliminarily screened by the antagonism method of agar well diffusion method, and the bacteriocins were isolated by ammonium sulphate method. Afterwards, to evaluate the release of bacteriocin in liquid medium, the Cell-Free Supernatant Fluid (CFSF) of the best producer strains were tested by agar well diffusion assay. To assess the thermostability of the bacteriocins, they were subjected to temperatures of 40ᴼC, 60ᴼC, 80ᴼC and 100ᴼC.

Results: The study allowed the selection of five bacteriocin producing strains Lactobacillus acidophilus KAL1, Lactobacillus casei KAL3, Lactobacillus plantarum KAL5, Lactobacillus reuteri KAL6 and Lactobacillus spp. delbrukei KAL7, endowed with the strongest and broadest inhibitory ability against both Gram-positive (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Bacteriocins isolated were significantly thermostable with activity at 80ᴼC (30, 20 min) respectively. Moreover, all the bacteriocins were considerably stable at a range of pH (4–8) but all the activity was eliminated against proteolytic enzyme Proteinase K.

Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that bacteriocin extracts from five isolated Lactobacillus spp. can be considered a preferable candidate against multi-drug resistant pathogens. These partially purified bacteriocins should be further processed to attain purified product that could be useful for further studies for the control of pathogens, food spoilage and preservation purposes.
Feds charge 10 programs with kickbacks
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

Last month, the federal Department of Justice announced that it had filed criminal charges against 10 substance use disorder treatment facilities in Orange County, California. The defendants, treatment program owners and patient recruiters, allegedly.