bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sköpunar- og tæknismiðjur í þremur grunnskólum: Framkvæmd og kennslufræði fyrstu skrefin
Authors: Jónsdóttir Svanborg R. , Kjartansdóttir Skúlína Hlíf , Jónsdóttir Svala , Pétursdóttir Svava , Hjartarson Torfi
Published: September 2021

Samtíminn er fullur af móthverfum sem fela í sér ógnir og tækifæri, álitamál og áskoranir. Nútímasamfélag kallar á skólastarf, þar sem nemendur eru virkir og skapandi þátttakendur, færir um að móta eigið nám. Þessi rannsókn segir frá fyrsta ári af þremur í þróunarverkefni þriggja grunnskóla í Reykjavík um sköpunar- og tæknismiðjur (e. makerspaces). Hún á að auka skilning á hvað þarf til að nýsköpun og hönnun í anda sköpunarsmiðja skjóti rótum í starfi grunnskóla og á hvaða uppeldis- og kennslufræði þar er byggt. Leitast er við að greina hvað helst einkenndi og hafði áhrif á innleiðingu tæknilausna, nemendavinnu og kennsluhátta í þeim anda. Byggt er á eigindlegri nálgun og reynt að fá innsýn í reynslu fólks, viðhorf og hugsun í verkefninu. Rannsóknargögn samanstanda af vettvangsathugunum, viðtölum við skólastjórnendur, verkefnisstjóra og teymi kennara í skólunum þremur, auk styrkumsóknar, upplýsingavefs og síðu Facebook- -hóps. Lýst er hvernig margir þættir spila saman og takast á við framgang verkefnisins ásamt tilraunum kennara á þeim grunni. Ekki síst er athygli beint að hugmyndum um kennslu og eflandi kennslufræði sem þar birtast eða búa að baki. Viðhorf og stuðningur skólastjórnenda, starf verkefnisstjóranna, viðhorf, reynsla og færni kennara, skilningur á verkefninu og mikilvægi þess, skipulag stundaskrár, samtal og samstaða eru þættir sem virðast skipta máli í innleiðingunni en einnig sérstaða einstakra skóla auk hefðar fyrir þemanámi þvert á greinasvið, teymiskennslu og skapandi starfi. Mörg uppbyggileg skref voru stigin á þessu fyrsta ári sem þarf að fylgja eftir með virku samtali og samvirkni þessara þátta.
Developing a model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa
Authors: Mmusi-Phetoe Rose Maureen Makapi , Masaba Brian Barasa
Published: September 2021

Objective

High maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) remain a concern in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries like South Africa. Different models have been developed, tried, and tested worldwide, in the hope that they will reduce maternal mortality, but without much success.

Methods

A qualitative approach was used to conveniently select a sample of 10 women attending an antenatal clinic in a rural area, in one of the districts of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province. Data were collected by means of interviews with the women. Data were analyzed employing Burnard's content analysis approach.

Results

Four themes emerged: (1) age at first pregnancy; (2) birth intervals, risks in pregnancy and hospitalization; (3) the use of contraception; and (4) HIV status. All themes that emerged revealed inattention to reproductive health (RH) needs, resulting in poor RH outcomes as an area of concern.

Conclusions

Greater emphasis needs to be placed on meeting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of South African women, if maternal mortality rates are to be reduced. An alternative model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa is proposed.
Omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent commanders: The impact of a cultural paradigm derived from a secularised Christianity on the philosophy of infocentric warfare
Authors: Grivas Konstantinos
Published: September 2021

This article examines how a religious cultural paradigm deriving from the Humanism of the West affects the modern art and science of War. It was in the framework of a religified Humanism, in which man ‘stole’ God’s capabilities and properties, that the worldview of man-god was created. This worldview permeated the development of military strategy, thereby facilitating its transformation in the worldview of a commander-god; this is the same worldview which today threatens to reach extremes, assisted by technological evolution allowing the development of robust C4ISR networks

Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. The acronym today is C5ISR, with the addition of Combat Systems.

interconnected with precision guided munitions (PGMs) of various configurations. The article then examines the influence of Western intellectualism, which is a basic element of Western Christianity, over the development of modern theories and perceptions on military strategy and the risks that can arise for future Western armies from this impact. As an antidote to this influence, the article suggests a new perception on military strategy which emphasises adaptability and flexibility and is based on a cultural paradigm from the Orthodox Christian Faith.
The Imperial Japanese Navy and the battle of the Philippine Sea: An analysis of the main causes of defeat
Authors: Yagi Yuki
Published: September 2021

This article aims to demonstrate through mathematical analysis that the primary reason for the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the battle of the Philippine Sea during World War II (WWII) was quantitative, and that the defeat is particularly attributable to the lack of force concentration. Scholars have placed much emphasis on the qualitative aspects of the forces involved, such as the skill of IJN pilots or the air defence capabilities of the United States Navy (USN), in seeking to explain the Japanese defeat. We, however, assert that in this naval battle, quantitative factors played a more important role than qualitative ones. Accordingly, we offer an improved version of the mathematical model of Armstrong and Powell, which was previously used to analyse battles between aircraft carriers (CVs). The coefficients in our mathematical model will then be estimated and verified using historical data from the main battles between CVs of the IJN and USN during WWII. Finally, we will analyse the factors underlying the IJN’s defeat in the Battle of the Philippine Sea using the model. This study proposes a useful technique for evaluating quantitative and qualitative aspects of naval forces.
Sudden Shift to Distance Learning: Analysis of the Didactic Choices Made by Italian Secondary School Teachers in the First COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Garavaglia Andrea , Petti Livia
Published: September 2021

Following China, the next severely affected country due to the COVID-19 epidemic was Italy. In consideration of the increasing number of infections, the government via the Ministerial Decree (DPCM) of March 2020 established various restrictive measures for the entire Italian territory, even involving the closure of schools. Hence, for the first time, the Italian school system had to adopt distance learning.

The mixed methods research in this context involves a non-probabilistic sample of 6,384 secondary school teachers answering a questionnaire issued from 5 August to 1 September 2020, and 30 telephone interviews were conducted among those who had made themselves available during the compilation of the questionnaire to be contacted for the qualitative part of the research.

Therefore, the answers collected in the report1 relay what happened in the second quarter of the school year from 2019 to 2020, the period of the first lockdown in Italy, through which we try to particularly understand the didactic activities implemented by teachers, the main decision maker of the choices, the assessment methods, the autonomy of teachers in managing distance learning and the teachers’ training needs.
In Search Of Progressive Nationalism
Authors: Samorodov A. I.
Published: September 2021

Book review: Cörüt I., Jongerden J. (ed.). 2021. Beyond Nationalism and the Nation-State: Radical Approaches to Nation. Routledge. 226 p. ISBN 9780367684020
Berlin Congress 1878 Through the Eyes of Phanariot Alexander Karateodori Pashi
Authors: Mihneva R. , Kolev V.
Published: September 2021

The article contributes to the historical literature on the Berlin Congress; it shows the events of the summer of 1878 through the eyes of the diplomats of the defeated Otto man Empire. The primary source for the article is the “Rapport” by the head of the Turkish delegation to the Сongress, Alexander Karathéodori Pasha (1833–1906), a Phanariote with Greek and Bulgarian roots, the son of the personal physician of Sultan Mahmud II and the first Ottoman lawyer. He graduated from the Sorbonne law faculty with a doctorate in law. Until recently, Turkish historians wrote about him more as a diplomat. However, in recent years, they started to pay attention to his extraordinary fate, the history of his family, in which there were many famous Phanariots. “Rapport” only in recent years began to attract the at tention of historians. The history of its creation is still unclear. It contains fascinating details of the relationship between representatives of a collective Europe at that time, the nature of their interests, and factors that outlined the fate of the Balkan region for decades to come. The report was written by Ottoman dignitaries when the Balkans finally became a “border area.” Its author noticed how the “big players” ’s geopolitical contradictions pushed the local people’s historical evolution along the “path” of future cataclysms. Alexander Karathéodori Pasha conveys, through seemingly minor details, the discord between the representatives of the “collective West” “and their desire to stop the attempts of the Ottoman Empire to follow the European paradigm of development. Against the background of the events in Berlin, Karathéodori eased the participants’ desires to start the quickest part of the “Ottoman inheritance” and drew attention to the beginning process of restructuring of international relations. He viewed the Berlin Congress analytically and realized its long-term implications.
The Role of Leaders in Formulation of the Foreign Policy Identity in Egypt
Authors: Ibragimov I. E.
Published: September 2021

The features of the formation of the of the state explains the high level of interest in this scientific problem in the modern theory of international relations. The study of for eign policy identity is capable of providing an understanding of the policy-making activity of the state and its positioning in the international arena. The process of forming a foreign policy identity linked to both objective and subjective factors. The objective factors should be classified as geographical, historical, cultural and religious, the key subjective factors can be considered the role of a leader. This factor is standard for Middle Eastern states, especially for Egypt, where there are traditions of strong centralized powers. Egyptian leaders have supreme power in foreign policy decisions within the framework of the political system. Egypt's foreign policy is often determined by the personal character traits of the country's leaders. This article aims to study the role of the head of the Egypt in the search for foreign policy identity in the context of an identity crisis at the national level. Egypt has a long history of authoritarian rule, because it is impossible to separate national identity from foreign policy identity. Since its independent existence, each period with its own context established a different framework of identity and worldview for decision-makers in the field of Egypt`s foreign policy. The predominance of various elements in ideological as well as worldview in the age of the rule of a particular president has led to noticeable differences in Egypt's foreign policy at the current stage. This article attempts to answer the following research questions: What place does of the institute of the heads of State in foreign policy decisions? How leader's influence does determine the foreign policy role of the state? What changes in foreign policy priorities have taken place during the analysis period? What are the reasons for the differences between the main periods of Egypt's foreign policy in goals, tools and approaches to the outside world? The author comes to the conclusion that the change of the political leader plays an important role in the transformations of Egypt's foreign policy. The article analyzes the main trends in the foreign policy self-perception of Egypt in order to confirm the hypothesis that the foreign policy identity of Egypt had not evolved a discontinuity even in the conditions of dramatic events, whether it is the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Peace treaty with Israel or the events of the Arab Spring.
Основные значения русских глаголов с префиксами ЗА-, ПО-, РА3- в сопоставлении с соответствующими глаголами с постфиксами -ĐI, -LÊN, -RA во вьетнамском
языке
Authors: Нгуен Тхи Там
Published: September 2021

За последние два-три десятилетия многочисленные исследования по проблемам контрастивной лингвистики сформировали по существу новую отрасль языкознания. Контрастивное исследование должно содержать систематическое сравнение форм и значений единиц структуры сопоставляемых языков, исходя из предположения о существовании некоего базового сходства между языками при наличии дифференцирующих данные языки различий. При сравнении языков невозможно сопоставлять одновременно все языковые факты, ибо специфика каждой из сторон языка требует особого к ним подхода. Результаты исследования могут послужить основой для разработки методики преподавания русского языка вьетнамским учащимся и русским, изучающим вьетнамский язык.
Универсальная модель разработки системы упражнений для обучения устному последовательному переводу вьетнамских студентов-филологов
Authors:   Ву Нгок Винь, Фам Куанг Лан
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается универсальная модель разработки системы упражнений для обучения устному последовательному переводу (УПП) вьетнамских студентов-филологов. В разработанную универсальную модель входят три блока упражнений: подготовительных, операционно-переводческих и собственно-переводческих. Каждый блок, в свою очередь, включает типы упражнений, призванных выработать соответствующие навыки, умения и операции УПП. Созданная на основе общепризнанных дидактических, общеметодических и частных принципов, учитывающих специфику обучения УПП, система упражнений моделирует типичные ситуации переводческой деятельности в соответствии с каждым из её этапов.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛЕКСИКО-СЛОВОТВІРНИХ ТИПІВ НУЛЬСУФІКСАЛЬНИХ ДЕРИВАТІВ В ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ (НОМЕНИ ЖИВОЇ ПРИРОДИ)
Authors: Білоусенко Петро
Published: September 2021

Описано формування лексико-словотвірних типів нульсуфіксальних девербативів та деад’єктивів чоловічого, жіночого й середнього роду, що іменують назви осіб, в українській мові ХІ − поч. ХХІ ст., за сталим чи тимчасовим заняттям або за зовнішніми чи внутрішніми характеристиками. Проаналізовано історію атрибутивних назв тварин та рослин, утворених нульсуфіксальним способом. У статті також показано історію відприкметникових номенів живої природи чоловічого, жіночого й спільного роду. Нульсуфіксальне творення найменувань живої природи від найдавніших часів і донині є досить поширеним явищем, що справило значний вплив на формування всієї дериваційної системи українського іменника та впорядкування її елементів
ЗНАК ЯК УНІВЕРСАЛЬНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ МОВНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ЕТНОСУ
Authors: КАЛЬКО Ріта
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто питання про знак як універсальний інструмент мовної ідентичності етносу. Автор указує на особливості розвитку знака в історії семіотики. Охарактеризовано поняття знака та символу. Висвітлено систему принципів мислення найдавніших цивілізацій, поступово перетворену у фіксовані зображення писемних знаків для передачі звучання тих або тих фонетичних чи значущих мовних одиниць. Давні системи письма дають підстави розглядати їхнє виникнення як закономірний підсумок розвитку людського суспільства на певній стадії формування найдавніших цивілізацій. Акцентовано увагу на китайській ієрогліфічній писемності, яка протягом усього свого існування зберігає самобутні риси через відтворення візуальних образів. Доведено, що теорія семіотики в історичному аспекті дає можливість пізнати знак у момент не лише його використання, але й усвідомлення певними спільнотами чи етносами, а також окреслити його тематичне розуміння в конкретний історичний період. Використання знаків китайської класичної мови в такому контексті може допомогти в дешифруванні невідомих текстів.
РОЛЬ СЛОВЕСНОГО ОБРАЗУ У ФОРМУВАННІ МОВНОЇ ТА ХУДОЖНЬО-ПОЕТИЧНОЇ КАРТИН СВІТУ
Authors: ЩЕПАНСЬКА Христина
Published: September 2021

Мета статті – визначити місце словесного образу у формуванні мовної та художньо-поетичної картин світу, з’ясувати співвідношення понять «словесний образ» і «літературний (художній) образ». У статті окреслено роль словесного образу у формуванні мовної та художньо-поетичної картин світу. Запропоновано альтернативну до традиційної (логіко-понятійної) схему співвіднесеності рівнів мовної картини світу з відповідними одиницями знань. Роль словесного образу як одиниці МКС протиставлена ролі цього ж образу, що входить у поетичний дискурс, набуваючи, крім інформативної, також естетичної функції: якщо для МКС словесний образ є важливим як стереотип, що несе загальну інформацію, то для поетичної картини світу акцент зміщується на естетичні смисли, закладені в образ як цінності. Досліджено роль словесного поетичного образу в художньому моделюванні дійсності, виявлюваному в двох аспектах: семіотичному та комунікативно-прагматичному. Відповідно до першого з них, мовний образ виступає знаком, який співвідносить лінгвальні засоби образності зі смислом тексту. Другий аспект передбачає розгляд словесного образу як одиниці естетичного спілкування, що бере участь у творенні нових смислів завдяки своїй здатності до комунікативної трансформації. Як одиниця художнього дискурсу мовний образ тісно пов’язаний з літературним. Обидві категорії здебільшого аналізують у системі твору. Однак існує інший аспект співвідношення цих понять; їх можна зіставляти крізь діаду «дійсність-текст», де літературний образ ближчий до тексту, а словесний – до дійсності. Перспективу дослідження вбачаємо у подальшому вивченні співвідношення понять «мовний образ» і «словесний поетичний образ» на конкретному ілюстративному матеріалі.
Género performativo y crítica de una estructura capitalista: la obra de Gabriela Rivera, Bestiario (2012 – 2018)
Authors: Rayo Calderón Catalina
Published: September 2021

Cuando pensamos en máscaras y en la performance, lo que menos se nos viene a la mente es una expresión grotesca de ambos. Bestiario es una obra por la artista Gabriela Rivera, que trata una materialidad orgánica con el consumo de carne como parte de una expresión performativa del género. El trabajo a continuación intenta dar luces a cómo podemos relacionar el capital y el género a partir de una mirada feminista que evidencia lo opresivo.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ В УПРАВЛІННІ МЕДИЧНИМИ ЗАКЛАДАМИ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Kholodnytska Alla , Lukiashko Marina
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of implementing a competence approach to medical institutions management at the current stage of reforming and modenrizing the Healthcare system of Ukraine. The authors outlined the reserves and ways of improving the personal qualities of the Health Care Chief Executive Officer and proved the necessity of their development. A list of practical recommendations has been drawn up on methods of using a competence approach in professional activity, which in turn gives managers the opportunity to expand their communication and entrepreneurial skills, form a coordinated teamwork, improve the quality and quantity of services.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Zinkevych Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

Within the article, the essence and features of financial support for forestry development in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the analysis of the content of the category "financial support" is carried out, which allowed to clarify the essence of financial support for forestry development, features of the financing of forestry enterprises in Ukraine are specified. In addition, the basic sources of the forestry sector financing are identified and, taking into consideration this, perspective measures for improving mechanisms of the formation of financial resources for its development are substantiated. Within the article, it is noted that only a combination of such sources will ensure the formation of an optimal model of financial support for forestry enterprises.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MARKETING COMPLEX IN THE FOOTBALL CLUB
Authors: Onopko Oleksandr , Polkovnychenko Svitlana , Khomienok Mykhailo
Published: September 2021

The article adapts the marketing complex (product, price, place, promotion, people, process) to the football club. The components of the marketing mix of Football Club “Desna” are evaluated. Communications (online and offline) of FC “Desna” are studied. In order to make effective decisions regarding the use of the marketing complex in the activities of Football Club "Desna" SWOT-analysis is conducted. The main directions of improvement of realization of the marketing complex of FC "Desna" are generalized andsubstantiated. It is proposed to plan communications complex through annual compilation of a media plan developed on the basis of the SMM-strategy of the club.
ІМПУЛЬСИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ НА ОСНОВІ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦІЇ СФЕРИ ТУРИЗМУ ТА РЕКРЕАЦІЇ
Authors: Honta Olena
Published: September 2021

Within the article, methodological bases and directions of practical implementation of the cluster model of the regional development of sphere of tourism and recreation spheres from the standpoint of modern ideas about the spatial organization of productive forces are considered. Prospects for clustering of the tourism industry from the standpoint of providing additional impetus to the regional development based on the combination of the principles of initiative, integration, consistency of information, introduction of innovative forms of tourism business and implementation of the business interest. Principles and the most expedient organizational forms of the clustering of tourist business taking into consideration features of the tourist business are allocated.
LOCALIZATION FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTIVE FORCES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Popelo Olha
Published: September 2021

The paper describes concept of localization factors of the development of productive forces. The factors that orient the production in the location are considered. Factors of influence on localization aspect of the development of productive forces are grouped and analyzed. The basic factors of influence of localization of economic space at the regional level are offered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that localization should be based on a human-centric model of social development, since the key subject and object of state-building should be human.
ПОТОЧНИЙ СТАН ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГУ В УКРАЇНІ ТА У СВІТІ
Authors: Zaitsev Oleksandr , Kordas Anastasiia
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the essence of franchising, examines its current state in Ukraine and in the world. Franchising is one of the tools for business development, which has long and effectively «works» in developed economies. The article presents the results of a study aimed at reviewing the level of business based on franchising agreements and on various aspects of conducting such commercial activities. Franchising is considered as a kind of entrepreneurial activity, which has a number of advantages over other types of business. It is these advantages that should interest entrepreneurs to engage in business based on the purchase of a franchise. In developed economies, franchising is one of the most popular and reliable ways of doing business, but in Ukraine it has not yet received proper development, as evidenced by the study, on the basis of which it can be noted that a significant part of entrepreneurs are not sufficiently informed about this form of business. In the conditions of an acute shortage of financing, both the main and the working capital of enterprises in Ukraine, it is franchising that allows you to create a fairly fast-growing business on fairly favourable terms both for the franchise company and for franchise purchasers.
Poor Reporting of Exercise Interventions for Hamstring Strain Injury Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of Reporting Quality and Content in Contemporary Applied Research
Authors: Breed Ray , Opar David , Timmins Ryan , Maniar Nirav , Banyard Harry , Hickey Jack
Published: September 2021

Objective

To review the quality of reporting and identify the content of exercise interventions prescribed for hamstring strain injury (HSI) rehabilitation in the scientific literature from 2010 to 2020.

Design

Scoping review.

Literature Search

We searched the bibliometric databases Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase.

Study Selection Criteria

Original research articles (randomized controlled trials and cohort studies) published from 2010 to 2020 that described an exercise rehabilitation intervention for participants with acute HSIs were included. Injuries must have been confirmed within 7 days of occurrence via clinical assessment and/or diagnostic imaging.

Data Synthesis

The quality of reporting, in terms of completeness of exercise intervention description, was evaluated using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and the content of interventions was categorized into exercise types.

Results

Fourteen studies were included; exercise intervention quality of reporting was moderate in 3 studies and low in 11 studies. Using the 19-item CERT, an average of 8.8 items (range, 4–14) were reported across all studies. Two studies reported sufficient exercise content and progression information to allow replication. Exercises categorized as hamstring flexibility, hamstring strength, running related, and non–hamstring specific were prescribed in 13, 11, 10, and 10 studies, respectively. Half of the included studies incorporated all 4 exercise types in their exercise interventions.

Conclusion

There is a wide variety of exercise interventions applied in published research that has addressed HSI rehabilitation. Researchers must improve reporting quality to support other professionals in replicating exercise interventions and help practitioners to effectively implement research in practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(3):130–141. Epub 21 Sep 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10641
Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer
Authors: Perez Frances , Bragg Ashley , Whitman Gary
Published: September 2021

Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is a subset of cancer that is too often diagnosed at a more advanced stage due to physiologic changes of the breast and lack of awareness among patients and physicians, resulting in higher mortality rates. While PABC is rare, it is postulated that as women delay childbearing, the rate of PABC may increase. Therefore, it is important to discuss appropriate workup, safety of mammography during pregnancy, and biopsy techniques.
Point of care ultrasound in acutely breathless patients-A qualitative study of the enablers and challenges in a teaching hospital in Kenya
Authors: Kagima Jacqueline Wanjiku , Masheti Sheila Ayesa , Mbaiyani Collins Wamunye , Munubi Aziz Zeyazi , Ringwald Beate , Meme Hellen Karimi , Joekes Elizabeth , Welters Ingeborg , Morton Ben , Rylance Jamie
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

Acute breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom experienced by patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Adoption of clinician-performed bedside ultrasound could promote accurate, early diagnosis and treatment to acutely breathless patients. This may be particularly pertinent in low resource settings with limited human resources and lack of access to advanced (gold standard) diagnostic testing. The aim of the study was to explore the experience of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) users in the emergency department, and to understand the facilitators and constraints of PoCUS incorporation into patient investigation pathways.

Materials and Methods:

This was an exploratory qualitative study. Data collection entailed key informant interviews using a semi-structured interview guide between September 2019 and February 2020. Participants were purposively sampled according to role and responsibility in the acute care system at Kenyatta National Hospital, including front-line health practitioners and mid-level clinical hospital managers. Data collection proceeded until no new concepts emerged (thematic saturation). The analytical framework method was used for the thematic analysis of interview transcripts.

Results:

At individual level, the lack of training on the use of PoCUS, as well as fears and beliefs impacted on capability and motivation of the clinicians to perform PoCUS for clinical diagnosis. Hospital level influencers such as hospital norms, workloads, and staffing influenced the use of PoCUS by impacting on the clinician’s capability, motivation, and opportunity. General health system influencers such as relationships and power dynamics between clinical specialties and key stakeholders, and the lack of policy and practice guidelines challenged the uptake of the bedside ultrasound by the clinicians.

Conclusion:

Lack of PoCUS training for clinicians, limited resources and a fragmented health system structure impacted the clinician’s capability, motivation, and opportunity in performing PoCUS in diagnostics. PoCUS for diagnosis of acute breathlessness requires: (1) Well-maintained and accessible equipment; (2) highly trained individuals with time to perform the examination with access to ongoing support for the operators; and (3) finally, researchers must more accurately identify the optimal scope of ultrasound examination, the diagnostic benefits, and the opportunity costs. All three will be required to ensure patient’s benefit.
Comparative study of the behavior of the effective boundary of minimal risk portfolio in the conditions of hybrid uncertainty, depending on the restrictions on the profitability of the portfolio
Authors: Язенин Александр Васильевич , Солдатенко Илья Сергеевич
Published: September 2021

В работе проведены исследования эффективной границы портфеля минимального риска в условиях гибридной неопределенности. Для случая двумерного портфеля при ограничении на ожидаемую доходность портфеля и ограничении по возможности/необходимости и вероятности на доходность портфеля в зависимости от уровня вероятности построены квазиэффективные границы портфеля. Результаты численных экспериментов согласуются с ранее полученными авторами теоретическими результатами.

The paper studies the effective boundary of the minimum risk portfolio in the conditions of hybrid uncertainty. For the case of a two-dimensional portfolio, with a restriction on the expected return of the portfolio and a restriction on possibility/necessity and probability on the return of the portfolio, quasi-effective portfolio boundaries are constructed depending on the probability level. The results of numerical experiments are consistent with the theoretical results previously obtained by the authors.
Nonlinear distortion compensation method for locating maneuvering targets
Authors: Василенко Станислав Иванович , Кудряшов Максим Юрьевич
Published: September 2021

В работе предложен метод решения проблемы в области обработки радиолокационных сигналов с линейной частотной модуляцией (ЛЧМ), обеспечивающий компенсацию нелинейных изменений радиальной скорости локационного объекта (ЛО) при его маневрировании. Метод основан на компенсации искажений радиолокационных сигналов, отраженных от ЛО, вызванных нелинейным характером изменения радиальной скорости при маневрировании в предположении линейного изменения скорости за время когерентного накопления (КН). Приведены результаты моделирования обработки сигналов с реализованным методом компенсации.

A method for solving the problem in the field of radar signal processing with linear frequency modulation is proposed. The method provides compensation for nonlinear changes in the radial velocity of a aircraft during its maneuvering. The method is based on the compensation of reflected pulses distortions caused by the nonlinear nature of the change in radial velocity of a aircraft during its maneuvering. It is assumed that during the time of doppler process the radial velocity changes linearly. The results of signal processing simulation with the implemented method are presented.
On theory of finite subsets monoid for one torsion abelian group
Authors: Дудаков Сергей Михайлович
Published: September 2021

Ранее был доказан следующий результат:
если абелева группа $\gG$ не является группой кручения,
то теория моноида ее конечных подмножеств позволяет интерпретировать
элементарную арифметику.
В настоящей работе мы приводим пример, который показывает,
что аналогичный результат можно получить и, по крайней мере, для некоторых
групп кручения.

Earlier it was proved the following claim.
Let $\gG$ be a non-torsion abelian group and $\gG$ be the semigroup of finite subsets of $\gG$.
Then elementary arithmetic can be interpreted in $\gG^*$, so the theory of $\gG^*$ is undecidable.
Here we prove the same result for one torsion group, the multiplicative group
of all roots of unity.
Application of Satellite Imagery for Optimal Sample Selection and Vineyard Yield Estimation
Authors:   , Wong Brett
Published: September 2021

Yield estimation has been a critical process within the field of agriculture. Traditional yield estimation methods involve field sampling, which requires either extensive knowledge of the vineyard or many random samples. New estimation techniques involving remote imagery-derived models have the potential to be more efficient than traditional methods but are relatively new to viticulture. Within this study, vineyard yield maps and satellite images were evaluated and compared for their potential use in identifying sampling locations along a single vineyard row capable of accurately representing the entire vineyard, greatly increasing sampling efficiency. The goal of this project was to determine if remote sensing techniques could assist in identifying within-field sample locations to bridge the gap between traditional and remotely sensed yield estimation techniques.
Spatial Representation of NOAA’s Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) Dive Tracks
Authors:   , Thiong'o Moses
Published: September 2021

The oceans make up about 70% of the earth’s surface and serve as habitats for many deep and shallow creatures. In depths of about 50 meters and more, deep-sea corals and sponges occur mostly along seamounts, continental margins, undersea canyons and ridges. They, deep-sea corals and sponges, play a key role in supporting the health of the ocean as they preserve the biodiversity and long-term sustainability of commercial and recreational fish species. With the many benefits that are attached to deep-sea corals and sponges, the Deep-Sea Corals and Research Technology Program (DSCRTP) has been collecting coral and sponge location data from hundreds of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys. However, DSCRTP does not have a spatial representation of the area covered by each ROV while searching for corals and sponges in the deep-sea. A spatial representation would provide critical information to researchers and managers to understand where a survey for corals and sponges has happened, and where a survey is yet to be done in the deep-sea. Therefore, the goal of this study is to create a spatial representation of the ROV surveys that have been collected in Monterey Bay and Hawaii sections of the deep-sea.
Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence in the Lebanese population
Authors: Baddoura R. , Haddad C. , Germanos M.
Published: September 2021

We aimed to evaluate exposure to hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV and HBC] and candidate risk factors among the Lebanese population. All individuals presenting to all laboratory units in the country over a 2-week period were asked for a 5-mL whole blood sample and answered a questionnaire addressing risk factors. For individuals under 15 years of age the mother was interviewed. In all, 2893 blood samples were examined. Refusal rate was 2.9%. Exposure to HBV antigen was 18.9%; 1.9% were carriers and acute hepatitis B point prevalence was 0.1%. Exposure to HCV antigen was 0.7%. Exposure to both HBc and HCV antibodies was 0.2%. HBc prevalence increased with age and was higher among men. Significant risk factors included blood transfusion, haemodialysis and gastrointestinal endoscopy.
A single step method for rapid isolation and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Al Sulami A. , Hammadi S. S. , Al Ghazawi G. J.
Published: September 2021

A simple monophasic-diphasic culture set-up was developed to provide efficient isolation and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The set-up consisted of a slant medium, the bottom covered with 1 mL of broth, establishing a diphasic solid-liquid environment at the bottom of the test tube surmounted by a monophasic solid one. The specimen was directly inoculated into the liquid phase, mixed, and tilted once or twice to cover the upper slanted portion prior to incubation. The method had several advantages over other techniques including rapid results, elimination of transport medium, and use of two separate environments to accomplish both the detection and identification of M. pneumoniae.
Performance of IgG avidity in an area endemic for schistosomiasis in Egypt
Authors: Abou Basha L. M. , Shehab A. Y. , Abdel Fattah M. , Bassili A.
Published: September 2021

We assessed the performance of IgG avidity in the diagnosis of acute, chronic and recent [reinfection] on top of chronic schistosomal infections in patients treated with praziquantel. Immunoglobulin levels were studied in 111 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and 28 partially cured patients [not responding to the first dose of praziquantel treatment and almost cured after a second one]. Before treatment all patients with schistosomiasis had elevated IgG levels, 75% of them also had increased IgM levels. Avidity index was high among all age groups. The increased IgM/IgG ratio and avidity index among children with schistosomiasis before treatment support the idea of reinfection. Treatment had no significant effect on the studied parameters. We conclude that unlike IgM and IgG antibody levels, IgG avidity test cannot be used to distinguish between recent and chronic infections.
Health education in the management of diabetes at the primary health care level: is there a gender difference?
Authors: Abdelmoneim I. , Al Homrany M. A.
Published: September 2021

We examined differences between male and female diabetic patients, as recipients of health education messages provided in a primary health care setting and its implications on the control of the disease. The files of 198 diabetic patients attending a diabetes clinic in Abha, Saudi Arabia were analysed. The results showed that females had significantly higher body mass index and fasting blood sugar levels than men with significantly fewer mean number of health education sessions in the last 12 months. Multiple logistic regression model pointed to the female sex as a significant predictor of poor glycaemic control. The model for females alone showed significantly poorer diabetes control when the number of health education sessions received was less.
Rapid carrier screening using short tandem repeats in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene
Authors: Shawky R. M. , El Aleem K. A. , Rifaat M. M. , El Naggar R. L. , Marzouk G. M.
Published: September 2021

Phenylketonuria [PKU] is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the phenylalanine hydroxylase [PAH] system. Our work aimed to screen the PAH locus for the presence of potentially useful short tandem repeats [STR] as markers for carrier detection in PKU families in Egypt, and to determine the level of PAH heterozygosity within the Egyptian population. The system contains at least eight independent alleles in the Egyptian population, transmitted in a Mendelian fashion. Variations in the number of STR in the 16 families studied gave rise to polymorphisms that proved to be suitable markers for PKU carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. The most frequent allelic fragment size in PKU patients was 246 bp [35.7%], which together with a fragment of 254 bp accounted for 60.7% of the mutant chromosomes.
Sociodemographic characteristics of street children in Alexandria
Authors: Salem E. M. , Abdel Latif F.
Published: September 2021

The sociodemographic characteristics of street children in the Egyptian city of Alexandria were studied. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. Difficulties in random sampling of street children meant that a non-random purposive sampling strategy was used. The final sample consisted of 100 street children [all boys] who were interviewed and medically examined. The study confirmed the findings of other studies that street children come from problematic family backgrounds. They are disproportionately victims of family breakdown, sexual and physical abuse. They suffer from increased health problems, malnutrition and lack of educational opportunities. Recommendations are made for programmes to address the challenging needs of street children in Alexandria.
In utero exposure to cadmium pollution in Cairo and Giza governorates of Egypt
Authors: Mokhtar G. , Hossny E. , El Awady M. , Zekry M.
Published: September 2021

Serum cadmium levels at delivery were measured in a consecutive sample of 100 mother-infant pairs in Egypt using venous blood from mothers and umbilical cord blood from neonates. The serum cadmium levels of mothers ranged from 0.4 to 2.2 microg/L [mean 0.73 microg/L] and of infants from 0.2 to 1.5 microg/L [mean 0.66 microg/L]. Infant cadmium levels were about 70% of maternal levels in most pairs. Serum cadmium was significantly higher in mothers and babies passively exposed to tobacco smoke. Five-minute Apgar scores were negatively correlated with cord blood cadmium levels. The cadmium levels did not differ between subjects from Cairo and Giza or according to urban, suburban or rural areas. Thus, in utero exposure to cadmium was evident and wider-scale studies on its long-term effects are recommended.
Nutritional status of Libyan children in 2000 compared with 1979
Authors: Hameida J. , Billot L.
Published: September 2021

This cross-sectional study examined the growth and nutritional status of Libyan preschool children and the socioeconomic status of their parents in 2000 and compared the results with those of a similar study conducted in 1979. The investigation involved 1614 healthy children of both sexes under 5 years of age in two regions of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Simple random sampling and cluster sampling techniques were used to enlist participants. Body weight, height, and head and arm circumference of the children were recorded and mothers were interviewed about their child’s health and the socioeconomic status of the family. Significant improvements in nutritional status since 1979 were found that could be attributable to factors such as socioeconomic development, longer breastfeeding, greater availability of high energy foods, supplementation with semi-solid or solid foods and heavy government subsidy of basic foods.
Atraumatic restorative treatment and glass ionomer sealants in Tunisian children:survival after 3 years
Authors: Abid A. , Chkir F. , Ben Salem K. , Argoubi K. , Sfar Gandoura M.
Published: September 2021

We evaluated the survival rates of atraumatic restorative treatment restorations and of glass ionomer sealants after 3 years of usage in primary and permanent teeth in Tunisian children aged 3-15 years attending rural schools, and assessed the presence or absence of dental caries in the restored teeth. After an initial survey of 1949 children, 242 were selected and agreed to undergo treatment. The loss to follow-up after 3 years was about 40%. Of those evaluated, 45.73% of one-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth had survived, 54.96% of one-surface sealants in permanent teeth had survived and 27.85% of one-surface ART restorations in primary teeth had survived. Caries was found in only 19 teeth after 3 years.
Causes of visual impairment and blindness among the middle-aged and elderly in northern Jordan
Authors: Haddadin A. , Ereifej I. , Zawaida F. , Haddadin H.
Published: September 2021

Causes of bilateral low vision [BLLV] and bilateral blindness [BLB] were investigated among 720 outpatients aged > 45 years in Irbid, Jordan, between July 1999 and October 2000. All received full ophthalmic examinations. BLLV was defined as visual acuity < 6/18 but > 3/60 in the better eye; BLB as acuity < 3/60 in the better eye. The leading cause of BLB and BLLV was cataract. Refractive error was the second major cause of BLLV. Other common causes were diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Age-related macular degeneration was the single cause of BLB and BLLV for only 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. A population-based survey of BLB and BLLV in the elderly, yearly vision examinations and an ophthalmic education programme are recommended.
Depleted uranium: an overview of its properties and health effects
Authors: Shawky S.
Published: September 2021

There has been much debate about the use of depleted uranium in the Gulf War and its health effects on United States and European war veterans. However, studies on the impact of this radioactive substance on the residents of the surrounding Gulf region are far from adequate. Depleted uranium introduces large quantities of radioactive material that is hazardous to biological organisms, continues to decay for millennia and is able to travel tens of kilometres in air. If depleted uranium were used in the Gulf War, its impact on the health of people in the area would have been considerable. This review of depleted uranium-its origin, properties, uses and effects on the human environment and health-aims to trigger further research on this subject.
[A single window for access to Ministry of Health study and research in Morocco]
Authors: Hasbi B.
Published: September 2021

This article highlights that there is a need for an inventory of all the health system research and studies which have been conducted by the Moroccan Ministry of Health and its partners, and that this knowledge base should be made available to the decision-makers, the researchers and even the public. This could be done using the new information and communication technology which is available at the Ministry. This will gradually lead to establishing a single-window service for access to health knowledge and know-how in the near future.
Evaluation of the utilization management programme at Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain
Authors: Fateha B. E. A. H.
Published: September 2021

In 1993, the Ministry of Health in Bahrain implemented a utilization management programme at the largest public hospital in the country, aimed at reducing patients’ mean length of stay from 8.3 days in 1993 to 6.0 days in 2000. Time series analysis, using linear trend modelling and the annual disparity reduction rate, were used to estimate performance towards achieving the targets. The study found that the length of stay declined consistently between 1984 and 2000, with a steeper decline in the period 1994-2000, which could be attributed to the utilization management programme. Overall, length of stay was reduced by 20.5% between the two periods, short of the target 27.8% proposed in 1993. Individual clinical departments showed mixed results, with better performance demonstrated by the Departments of Medicine and Surgery.