bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Especificidade das descargas do órgão elétrico em espécies de Gimnotóides simpátricos do rio Negro
Authors: Heiligenberg Walter , Bastian Joseph
Published: March 2017

Resumo Descargas do órgão elétrico (EODs) de seis espécies simpátricas, habitantes de lama de gimnotóides do rio Negro ocupam áreas não sobrepostas de picos de freqüência e taxa de repetição. Como os eletrorreceptores são conhecidos como os mais sensíveis dentro do pico de freqüência da espécie, a evolução da EODs com espectros específicos para espécie minimizaria a conversação cruzada das espécies na comunicação social.
Polyporus indigenus I. Araujo & M. A. Sousa, nova espécie da Amazônia
Authors: Aguiar Izonete de Jesus Araujo , Sousa Maria Alves de
Published: March 2017

Resumo Uma nova espécie de Polyporus, P. indigenus I. Araujo & M.A. Sousa, é descrita como nova para a Amazónia Brasileira. Esta nova espécie é muito distinta de suas afins, principalmente, na forma e tamanho do píleo e dos basidiosporos, na falta de zonação, pêlos, escamas e estipe praticamente séssil. Foram investigados sua importância econômica e formas de utilização.
Contribuição ao inventário dos Musci brasileiros: 2. Phyllodrepaniaceae
Authors: Yano Olga
Published: March 2017

Resumo Phyllodrepaniaceae é representada no Brasil, até o presente, por duas espécies: Phyllodrepanium falcifolium (Schwaegr.) Crosby e Mniomalia viridis (Mitt.) C. Muell.: ambas de ocorrência apenas na Amazônia legal. Mniomalia viridis foi coletada no Município de Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, e Phyllodrepanium falcifolium, no Território Federal de Roraima, constituindo primeira citação para o local.
Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 4. Sialidae
Authors: Penny Norman D
Published: March 2017

Abstract Sialidae is reported for the first time from the Amazon Basin, and a new species of Protosialis is described.
Alimentação em um bairro pobre de Manaus, Amazonas
Authors: Amorozo M. Christina de Mello
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Este estudo trata dos padrões alimentares de uma amostra da população de um bairro pobre da periferia de Manaus, Amazonas, constituído principalmente de migrantes rurais, e procura estabelecer o efeito da renda e tempo de permanência na capital sobre a dieta e sua adequação, A dieta básica constava de mandioca, pão. arroz, pescado, carnes, açúcar e café, sendo baixo o consumo de verduras, legumes e frutos. A alimentação, em geral, mostrou-se deficiente em vitamina A, tiamina e riboflavina, um pouco insatisfatória para energia e boa para proteína e ferro. O tempo de permanência teve efeito significativo sobre a renda familiar, e afetou significativamente apenas a freqüência de consumo de carne, peixe e leite, não mostrando efeito significativo sobre a suficiência dos diversos nutrientes. Na faixa da população estudada, a renda provou ser o principal determinante da sua suficiência alimentar, dado, provavelmente, um efeito quantitativo, já que ela melhorou a qualidade da dieta apenas no caso da vitamina A. Fontes baratas desta vitamina são disponíveis na região e seu melhor aproveitamento talvez requeira uma educação nutricional neste sentido, além do incentivo à produção destes alimentos. O gasto com alimentação correlacionou positivamente com a renda per-capita. Estima-se que a renda é o principal fator limitante da adequação da dieta para 30 a 60% da população de Manaus.
Heavy physical work and low back pain: the reality in urban cleaning
Authors: Pataro Silvana Maria Santos , Fernandes Rita de Cássia Pereira
Published: March 2017

Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health issue. There is lack of research on this disorder affecting urban cleaning workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the prevalence of LBP, occupational and extra-occupational characteristics, as well as associated factors in these workers. A census was performed with 624 workers in Salvador, Brazil, using a questionnaire administered by an interviewer in 2010. Cases of LBP were defined by reported symptoms of pain in the previous 12 months, lasting more than a week or with monthly minimum frequency, which led to restrictions at work or to seeking medical attention, or in cases when respondents had a severity score > 3 on a numerical scale from 0 to 5. Physical demands at work were measured on a numerical 6-point scale with 14 variables. Psychosocial demands were measured using the Job Content Questionnaire. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits and domestic work were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression (LR) was used to identify factors associated with LBP, for which the prevalence was 37.0%. Among them, 62.8% of workers felt pain in the last 7 days. LBP was associated with longer working hours, flexion and trunk rotation, psychosocial demands, working directly in collection and low schooling. Dynamic work (walking, running) served as a protective factor. It was concluded that many workers develop their activity at the presence of pain. The results emphasize the need for preventive measures through multifactorial approach encompassing adaptations in physical environment and changes in work organization.
ESTUDANTES, DOCENTES E PROFISSIONAIS NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: COEXISTÊNCIA SEGUNDO A FENOMENOLOGIA HEIDEGGERIANA
Authors: Codato Lucimar Aparecida Britto , Garanhani Mara Lúcia , González Alberto Durán , Fernandes Maria de Fátima Prado
Published: March 2017

Resumo O estudo buscou compreender a coexistência entre estudantes, docentes e profissionais em unidades básicas de saúde. Tratou-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica hermenêutica, apoiada no referencial teórico filosófico de Martin Heidegger, realizada com estudantes, profissionais da rede de serviços e docentes que acompanham estudantes em atividades realizadas em unidades básicas de saúde da região metropolitana de um município de grande porte do sul do Brasil. A coleta dos dados aconteceu entre os meses de novembro de 2013 e março de 2015, por meio de entrevistas gravadas e orientadas por um roteiro de questões. Os participantes foram selecionados intencionalmente, totalizando 23 entrevistados. A coexistência entre estudantes, docentes e profissionais na unidade básica de saúde mostrou-se permeada por diferentes modos de ser. Nela desvelaram-se conflitos ligados à linguagem, mais precisamente na verbalização e na escuta. Essa relação foi reconhecida como importante para o ensino-aprendizagem e para reflexões sobre adequações no processo de trabalho.
Taxa de contaminação de testes hematológicos e seus fatores determinantes
Authors: Rubia-Ortí José Enrique De La , Verdu-Trescolí Gemma , Prado-Gascó Vicente , Selvi-Sabater Pablo , Firmino-Canhoto Joao
Published: March 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer a taxa de contaminação de hemoculturas e os seus fatores determinantes. Métodos: Foram analisadas 564 amostras de hemoculturas requisitadas num serviço hospitalar de urgências e questionados 46 enfermeiras(os) durante um período de seis meses. Resultados: Produziram-se 92 contaminações de hemoculturas de um total de 564 requisições num período de seis meses, o que corresponde a uma taxa de contaminação de 16,31%. O fator determinante foi a utilização de técnica pouco estéril. Conclusão: A taxa de contaminação das hemoculturas está diretamente relacionada aos procedimentos utilizados pelos profissionais de enfermagem e a carga de trabalho está diretamente associada a erros na técnica estéril de coleta.
Temporomandibular disorders and eating disorders: a literature review
Authors: Aroucha João M. C. N. L. , Ximenes Rosana C. C. , Vasconcelos Flávia M. N. , Nery Marcele W. , Sougey Everton B.
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and eating disorders (ED) affect function and parafunction of the oral cavity and have high rates of medical and psychological comorbidity. However, little is known about the possible associations between them, and few studies have investigated the existence of such associations. METHODS: A search was conducted on the SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases to find relevant articles written in English and Portuguese. Only studies involving human beings were included, and there was no limit for year of publication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of the correlation between TMD and ED, but their comorbidity must be better understood. The presence of depressive symptoms is an aggravating factor that must also be taken into account during the diagnosis and treatment of those patients.
Metarretórica, conceito e aplicação: a poética de Augusto de Campos
Authors: Ferraz Júnior Expedito
Published: March 2017

resumo A forma de atualização retórica mais frequente que identificamos na poética de Augusto de Campos consiste em redimensionar certos procedimentos estéticos já convencionais, dando-lhes uma forma imprevista. O poeta submete determinadas figuras a uma espécie de tradução intersemiótica que, nos termos da função poética de Décio Pignatari, envolve a presença de um sistema icônico “infra, intra e super imposto” à linguagem verbal. O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem desse aspecto da poesia em estudo, a que chamamos de metarretórica, aplicando-o à leitura de alguns poemas ilustrativos do poeta paulista.
Outros retratos, outras vozes na narrativa brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Oliveira Vera Lúcia de
Published: March 2017

resumo Neste artigo abordo a questão da emergência de novas vozes socias, antes excluídas das representações artístico-literárias nacionais, que assomam com ímpeto e querem contar no panorama da literatura brasileira contemporânea. Entre essas vozes, que têm como precursora Carolina Maria de Jesus, focalizarei brevemente a obra de Ferréz.
El beso de la mujer araña: gênero, sexualidade e subversão
Authors: Alós Anselmo Peres
Published: March 2017

resumo Este trabalho pretende realizar uma leitura crítica do romance El beso de la mujer araña (1976), escrito pelo argentino Manuel Puig, a partir de uma perspectiva que questiona os arranjos e as representações de gênero e sexualidade dentro do universo diegético da narrativa. É a partir das categorias de focalização, cunhada por Mieke Bal, e de performatividade, elaborada no campo dos estudos feministas por Judith Butler, que se pretende sustentar a leitura desse romance como uma alegoria política da economia do corpo, do gênero e dos afetos, sustentáculos para a proposta de uma ética da alteridade como alternativa aos valores patriarcais e heteronormativos que subordinam as possibilidades identitárias de gênero e de expressão do desejo sexual.
A UTILIDADE DE UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO EXATA: LITERATURA E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Almeida Leandro Thomaz de
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo procurou resgatar alguns elementos do debate crítico suscitado pela literatura naturalista e relacioná-los com discussões recentes no Brasil sobre a inadequação de alguns livros para uso na educação básica, baseando-se nos exemplos de Monteiro Lobato e Adolfo Caminha. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento de algumas acusações, tais como as de obscenidade e imoralidade lançadas a muitos romances escritos em finais do século XIX, os quais despertaram reação e defesa por parte dos escritores, notadamente o francês Émile Zola, cujos romances e obra teórica foram bastante discutidos no Brasil. A partir disso, esperou-se mostrar que o texto literário exige uma leitura capaz de considerar as especificidades de sua composição, o que levaria a uma abordagem do texto polêmico na educação diferente de sua simples condenação.
AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO: PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ACESSO AO ENSINO TÉCNICO E EMPREGO VERSUS PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Lima Marcelo , Pacheco Zilka Sulamita Teixeira de Aguilar
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: Com base em análises bibliográfica e documental, buscamos tencionar questões que perpassam o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) e o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (PRONATEC), relacionando sua origem, sua concepção e seus objetivos. O PNE, mesmo não consolidado, revela-se como uma política de Estado, possibilitando a estruturação do direito à educação ao propor a superação das desigualdades educacionais, a promoção da qualidade educacional e o fortalecimento do financiamento da educação. Já o PRONATEC emerge sem a participação mais ampla da sociedade e é responsável por elevar o número de matrículas na educação profissional, indicando, entretanto, caráter de política de governo de viés privatista, priorizando, via bolsa formação, cursos predominantemente de curta duração.
Frequency, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella from feces and lymph nodes of pigs
Authors: Guerra Filho João B.P. , Yamatogi Ricardo S. , Possebon Fábio S. , Fernandes Sueli A. , Tiba-Casas Monique R. , Lara Gustavo H.B. , Ribeiro Márcio G. , Pinto José P.A.N.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella, being pigs and pork-products potentially important for its occurrence. In recent decades, some serovars of Salmonella have shown increase of resistance to conventional antimicrobials used in human and animal therapy, with serious risks for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate feces (n=50), mediastinal (n=50), mesenteric (n=50) and mandibular (n=50) lymph nodes obtained from slaughter houses for Salmonella spp. Positive samples were serotyped and subjected to an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Salmonella species were identified in 10% (20/200) of total samples. From these, 20% (10/50) were identified in the submandibular lymph nodes, 18% (9/50) in the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2% (1/50) in feces and 0% (0/50) in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The serotypes found were Salonella Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg and S. Derby with 5% (5% each). All strains showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial; 90% were resistant to four or more antimicrobials, and 15% were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid was particularly prevalent amongst the tested serovars. Here, we highlighted the impact of pigs in the epidemiological chain of salmonellosis in domestic animals and humans, as well as the high antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella strains, reinforcing the necessity for responsible use of antimicrobials for animals as an emergent One Health issue, and to keep these drugs for human therapy approaches.
Computerized electrocardiography in healthy conscious guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Botelho Ana F.M. , Oliveira Maira S. de , Soto-Blanco Benito , Melo Marília M.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to evaluate healthy conscious guinea pigs as a model for electrophysiology assessment and to describe normal electrocardiographic patterns in controlled laboratory environment, establishing the best QT formula for this method. Electrocardiographic recordings of fifty adult conscious guinea pigs were obtained using a computerized electrocardiography. The electrocardiographic measurements of three different tracings were analyzed. The results obtained established normal mean and range values for the parameters: heart rate, waves and intervals of P-QRS-T deflections, as well as the mean cardiac axis. Groups were separated by body weight: group 1 gathered animals with 500-699g and group 2 with animals 700-900g. No differences were found when measurements were compared between groups, showing no significant difference between weight/body sizes to the electrocardiographic parameters (P<0.05). The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using diverse formulae were significantly different (P<0.05), were the most consistent was Van der Water (QTcV). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=98) and 95% confidence interval 185.7 to 195.2ms.Considering its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was deemed the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in conscious guinea pigs.The results of this study also suggest that the values found can be used as reference for the species.
Dimorfismo sexual e estrutura perineal em Coendou prehensilis (Ouriço-cacheiro)
Authors: Cury Fabio Sergio , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: Coendou prehensilis é um mamífero da ordem Rodentia, que é composta por cinco subordens: Sciuromorfos, a qual pertencem os esquilos; Castorimorfos, onde encontramos os castores; Myomorfos, a qual encontramos os ratos; Anomaluromorfos, Lebre-saltadora, e os Histricomorfos, onde observamos a capivara. Utilizamos nesta pesquisa o ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou prehensilis) sendo um macho e uma fêmea, ambos adultos. Estes animais foram encontrados em óbito por atropelamento nas rodovias da região de Pirassununga-SP e cedidos para o Laboratório de Anatomia do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo FZEA/USP devido a permissão do Ibama para estudar os animais (Registro SISBIO no. 43274-1), os quais foram fixados com formaldeído a 10% e dissecados na região do períneo. Os resultados mostraram que a única característica que nos permite diferenciar machos de fêmeas, é o espaço entre o ânus e as genitais dos animais, sendo que o macho apresenta essa distância maior que a fêmea. O períneo é uma região extra cavitária de delimitação losangular, sendo essa delimitação feita pelos ossos interpubiano, púbico e pelos processos do púbis e ísquio. O períneo do Coendou prehensílis macho é composto por cinco principais músculos, sendo três encontrados dispostos no diafragma urogenital superficial, (Músculos isquiocavernosos, M. bulbocavernoso e Mm. Bulboesponjosos) e dois no diafragma pélvico (M. levantador do ânus e M. retrator do pênis). O períneo da fêmea é composto pelos músculos (isquiocavernoso, o bulboesponjoso, levantador do ânus e esfíncter anal externo). Conclui-se que ambos os sexos possuem os músculos isquiocavernosos, Mm. Bulboesponjosos, M. levantador do ânus e esfíncter anal externo, além de que o estudo da região perineal dos animais é de grande importância, pois através do entendimento da função e localização de cada músculo, podemos contribuir para futuras pesquisas sobre reprodução e comportamento animal durante a cópula auxiliando para um melhor entendimento do potencial reprodutivo de roedores da família Erethizontidae, além de contribuir na base do desenvolvimento da biotecnologia aplicada à reprodução visando até mesmo à reprodução desses animais em cativeiro além do meio ambiente livre.
Nutritional status, metabolic changes and white blood cells in adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Thatianne Moreira Silva , Faria Franciane Rocha de , Faria Eliane Rodrigues de , Pereira Patrícia Feliciano , Franceschini Sylvia C.C. , Priore Silvia Eloiza
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and body fat.METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test, considering p<0.05.RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI, and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells.
O Prêmio Escola nota 10: meritocracia e cooperação para a melhoria do desempenho escolar1
Authors: Calderón Adolfo Ignacio , Raquel Betânia Maria Gomes , Cabral Eliane Spotto
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este artigo analisa o projeto Premio Escola Nota 10, criado em 2009 pelo Estado do Ceará, Brasil, com o objetivo de servir como uma política indutora da melhoria dos resultados das escolas públicas nos índices de desempenho escolar do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (SPAECE). O prêmio se destina a um total de 300 escolas da educação básica, sendo 150 escolas do 2.º ano e 150 escolas do 5.º ano, que apresentam, entre outros requisitos, elevado desempenho escolar. As escolas premiadas recebem recursos financeiros para aplicá-los em projetos educacionais. O valor do prêmio é entregue a cada escola premiada em duas parcelas: a primeira, de 75% do valor total, e a segunda, de 25%. A transferência da segunda parcela está condicionada, principalmente, à realização de ações de cooperação técnico-pedagógica que contribuam para a melhoria de uma das escolas que teve baixo desempenho. O diferencial deste projeto, além de reconhecer o trabalho realizado pelas escolas que alcançaram alto desempenho, é sua capacidade de induzir relações de cooperação por meio da transferência de conhecimentos e experiências entre uma escola de alto e outra de baixo desempenho.
Divulgação científica, redes sociais e historiadores engendrando novas histórias: entrevista com Bruno Leal
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Leal Pastor de , Benchimol Jaime L. , Cerqueira Roberta Cardoso , Papi Camilo , Lemle Marina
Published: March 2017

A entrevista com o historiador e jornalista Bruno Leal trata da criação doblog Café História e da relação entre internet, comunicação e as atividades dos historiadores. Seu blogtornou-se um importante canal de divulgação de conteúdos sobre história, com referências de livros, dicas de filmes, eventos científicos e vídeos que se relacionam com a área. O entrevistado destaca a importância de ações que conjuguem comunicação e história, faz críticas à atual formação do historiador e afirma a necessidade de reformulação curricular que possibilite uma nova forma de produzir e divulgar o conhecimento histórico.
O processo de avaliacao da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Crianca sob o olhar dos avaliadores
Authors: Oliveira Lindacir Sampaio de , Espirito Santo Antonio Carlos Gomes do
Published: March 2017

OBJETIVOS: identificar a opinião dos avaliadores do Brasil que atuam na Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC) quanto à confiabilidade das informações coletadas pelo sistema de avaliação. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, baseado em dados primários através de questionários semiestruturados enviados por meio eletrônico. Critério de inclusão: avaliadores com experiência de participação em pelo menos uma avaliação global e/ou uma reavaliação no período de 2006 a 2011. Foram respondidos 35 questionários, os dados foram analisados no software Epi Info Windows 2.000 versão 3.5.1. RESULTADOS: 77% dos avaliadores responderam que os resultados do processo avaliativo da IHAC correspondiam parcialmente à realidade dos hospitais avaliados. Perguntas extensas, pouco claras, repetidas, com linguagem formal, o conhecimento técnico sobre certos procedimentos para profissionais que não os praticam e a definição temporal do contato precoce no parto foram os pontos fracos apontados do instrumento. CONCLUSÕES: o resultado do processo avaliativo da IHAC é parcialmente confiável e não reflete a realidade dos hospitais avaliados. Seria necessário promover adequações no instrumento de coleta de dados de modo a torná-lo mais claro e conciso, organizar um quadro de avaliadores melhor preparados, com recrutamento mais focado no perfil desejado e o fortalecimento do processo de qualificação dos mesmos.
Desempenho de ovinos em sistema agroflorestal alternativo no ecótono Cerrado: Amazônia
Authors: SANTOS Perlon Maia ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brasil, SANTOS Antonio Clementino , NEIVA José Neumam Miranda , NEVES NETO Durval Nolasco ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil,   Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antonio Carlos, Brasil
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Sistemas agroflorestais podem ser alternativa para a reincorporação de áreas em desuso, sob floresta secundária, para produção ovina. Com este estudo buscou-se avaliar o desempenho de ovinos em sistema silvipastoril de capim-mombaça e floresta secundária de babaçu, comparando-o com o sistema convencional de produção a sol pleno. Nestes dois sistemas foram avaliadas as condições climatológicas e as características agronômicas e bromatológicas da gramínea. Nos animais foram avaliados o ganho de peso, o consumo, a conversão alimentar, os processos de deslocamento e a produtividade animal. Foi observado que a exploração ovina neste tipo de sistema silvipastoril é possível, mas há redução do desempenho animal em relação o sistema tradicional de exploração. O ambiente no sistema silvipastoril é quente e úmido, e a disponibilidade de forragem é baixa, fazendo com que os animais gastem mais energia para procurar alimento. O acúmulo de forragem e o perfilhamento no sistema silvipastoril são reduzidos e há diminuição da capacidade de suporte e produtividade. Apesar da redução da produtividade no sistema silvipastoril, sua exploração possibilita a produção de aproximadamente metade do que é produzido no sistema convencional.
Effects of walking and strength training on walking capacity in individuals with claudication: meta-analysis
Authors: Miranda Alessandra de Souza , Rodrigues Lausanne Barreto de Carvalho Cahu , Rodrigues Sergio Luiz Cahu , Cardoso Junior Crivaldo Gomes , Menacho Maryela Oliveira , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes
Published: March 2017

CONTEXT: Over the past few years, several clinical trials have been performed to analyze the effects of exercise training on walking ability in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). However, it remains unclear which type of physical exercise provides the maximum benefits in terms of walking ability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by means of a meta-analysis, the effects of walking and strength training on the walking capacity in patients with IC. METHODS: Papers analyzing the effects of walking and strength training programs in patients with IC were browsed on the Medline, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Randomized clinical trials scoring >4 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and assessing claudication distance (CD) and total walking distance (TWD) were included in the review. RESULTS: Walking and strength training yielded increases in CD and TWD (P < 0.05). However, walking training yielded greater increases than strength training (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Walking and strength training improve walking capacity in patients with IC. However, greater improvements in TWD are obtained with walking training.
Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblage associated with aquatic macrophyte patches in the littoral zone of the Ayapel Swamp Complex, Colombia
Authors: Avendaño Carlos Mario Marín , Ramírez Néstor Jaime Aguirre
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Aim The purpose of the present study was to examine spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure associated with aquatic macrophytes in the littoral zone of the ASC. Methods Specimens were caught between January 2008 and February 2009, over four limnimetric moments, using both cast net and seine net. Data on the temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen was recorded for the characterization of the water mass in the sites. Results A total of 34,151 specimens from 44 species were collected. The most abundant species were Eigenmannia virescens, Astyanax caucanus, Astyanax fasciatus, Roeboides dayi and Cyphocharax magdalenae, which together accounted for more than 75% of the sample. Temporal and spatial comparisons showed variation in the environmental conditions and highlighted the existence of heterogeneous abiotic conditions (p<0.05). However, the multiple comparisons test showed the existence of homogeneous spatial conditions (p>0.05) regarding the fish assemblage structure. The multivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between existing environmental conditions and the fish assemblage (p=0.04). The analysis also showed the absence of a relationship between the fish assemblage and environmental variables with respect to the flood pulse and sampling sites (p>0.05). Conclusion The uniformity of the fish communities that inhabit aquatic macrophyte patches in the littoral region of the ASC may be related to the availability of suitable habitat in structural terms, that probably supports a more abundant and varied wildlife.
Presentation of the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program for the treatment of behavioral dysphonia
Authors: Behlau Mara , Pontes Paulo , Vieira Vanessa Pedrosa , Yamasaki Rosiane , Madazio Glaucya
Published: March 2017

Voice rehabilitation is the main treatment option in cases of behavioral dysphonia, and it has the purpose of enhancing the quality of vocal production and voice-related life aspects. Several efforts have been made to offer a clinical practice that is based on evidence, including the development of specific therapeutic protocols as an option for clinical and scientific improvement. It is necessary to define the focus/objective of the dysphonia treatment, type of approach, and duration in order to establish the intervention criteria. This paper describes the organization of a program of behavioral dysphonia treatment, based on an approach that has been used for over twenty years, named Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program, and also to present its concepts, theory, and practical fundamentals. The program has an eclectic approach and associates body work, glottal source, resonance, and breathing coordination in addition to knowledge about vocal hygiene and communicative behavior. The initial proposal suggests a minimum time of intervention of six therapeutic sessions that can be adapted according to the patient' s learning curve and development. The goal is to offer a rational and structured therapeutic approach that can be reproduced in other scenarios.
Reducing the hydraulic erosion of sand using microbial-induced carbonate precipitation
Authors: Amin Minoo , Zomorodian Seyed Mohammad Ali , O'Kelly Brendan C.
Published: March 2017

Hydraulic erosion is one of the main causes of failure within earth dams and embankments. Various methods are used to mitigate against such erosion, a common approach being grouting with cement, clay or chemical materials. Biogrouting using the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation technique is a relatively new, cost-effective, technically appropriate and environmentally friendly soil improvement method. Bacteria injected into the soil produce urease enzyme, which converts urea to ammonium and carbonate, causing calcite precipitation that binds soil grains together. In this study, the erodibility parameters of dense silica sand specimens treated with different injection strategies were investigated at bench scale. More effective treatment – in terms of greater and more uniform calcite precipitation over the test-specimen length, and hence greater erosion resistance – was achieved by aeration during solution injections and by incorporating a drained stage between injection cycles. With the latter, calcite precipitated as larger crystals, accumulating extensively over grain surfaces and also formed integrated in the pore voids. The best-performing treatment strategy produced a 95% reduction in erodibility and a five-fold increase in critical shear stress relative to untreated sand. These findings were confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy and calcium carbonate titration tests.
Understanding Trends in Kidney Function 1 Year after Kidney Transplant in the United States
Authors: Huang Yihung , Tilea Anca , Gillespie Brenda , Shahinian Vahakn , Banerjee Tanushree , Grubbs Vanessa , Powe Neil , Rios-Burrows Nilka , Pavkov Meda , Saran Rajiv
Published: March 2017

Lower eGFR 1 year after kidney transplant is associated with shorter allograft and patient survival. We examined how practice changes in the past decade correlated with time trends in average eGFR at 1 year after kidney transplant in the United States in a cohort of 189,944 patients who received a kidney transplant between 2001 and 2013. We calculated the average eGFR at 1 year after transplant for the recipient cohort of each year using the appropriate Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation depending on the prevailing methodology of creatinine measurement, and used linear regression to model the effects of practice changes on the national post-transplant eGFR trend. Between the 2001–2005 period and the 2011–2013 period, average 1-year post-transplant eGFR remained essentially unchanged, with differences of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.65) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 1.01) ml/min per 1.73 m2 among deceased and living donor kidney transplant recipients, respectively. Over time, the mean age of recipients increased and more marginal organs were used; adjusting for these trends unmasked a larger temporal improvement in post-transplant eGFR. However, changes in immunosuppression practice had a positive effect on average post-transplant eGFR and balanced out the negative effect of recipient/donor characteristics. In conclusion, average 1-year post-transplant eGFR remained stable, despite increasingly unfavorable attributes in recipients and donors. With an aging ESRD population and continued organ shortage, preservation of average post-transplant eGFR will require sustained improvement in immunosuppression and other aspects of post-transplant care.
‘Resources to Needs’: A Paradigm for Addressing the Potentiality of the Urban Volume
Authors: Doyle Michael Robert
Published: March 2017

Underground resources are often addressed only out of necessity, leading to conflicts between uses and missing opportunities for productive synergies. The Deep City project is exploring a paradigm of ‘resources to needs’, which considers resource potentials prior to specific urban projects or plans. Mapping is central to the project and has been explored in several cities around the world. The ‘resources to needs’ paradigm, however, has received little theoretical or philosophical attention. To think resources before needs challenges common urban normative models and the process-oriented thinking of mechanical and ecological paradigms popular today. Where current methods for mapping the underground tend to enroll elements in a particular performance or resource use, Deep City seeks to facilitate an intermediate stage in which resource potentials can coexist without any pre-existing interaction or relationship. To think about the urban volume this way, this article works with the informational motor proposed by French philosopher Michel Serres. The logics of substitution and circulation of the map and its contents helps to think an alternative form of mapping in which the map itself becomes a reservoir of potentiality for thinking the urban volume less in terms of predefined functions and processes than a mass to be collectively cultivated.
Vaginal vault reconstruction and apical sling in the treatment of post-hysterectomy prolapsE
Authors: Shkarupa Dmitry D , Bezmenko Alexandr A , Kubin Nikita D , Shapovalova Ekaterina A , Pisarev Alexey V
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Frequency of vaginal vault prolapse (VVP) requiring surgical repair is up to 6-8% and 11.6-45% in patients with prior hysterectomy for uterine prolapse. Reported recurrence rate of VVP following different techniques of surgical correction is up to 10%.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel technique: bilateral sacrospinous fixation of reconstructed vaginal wall (neocervix) by monofilament polypropylene apical sling (Urosling 1; Lintex, Saint Petersburg, Russia) in surgical treatment of VVP.Methods. This prospective study involved 61 women suffering from post-hysterectomy prolapse. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment, data of a vaginal examination (POP-Q), uroflowmetry, bladder ultrasound, validated questionnaires were used. All listed parameters were determined before the surgery and at control examinations in 1, 6, 12 months after the treatment.Results. Mean operation time was 35 minutes. No cases of intraoperative damage to the bladder/rectum, as well as clinically significant bleeding were noted. 12-months anatomical cure rate (≤ stage I, POP-Q) was 100%, 94.4% and 100% for apical, anterior and posterior vaginal compartments, respectively. At 1 month of follow-up stress urinary incontinence de novo and urgency de novo were noted in 6.5% and 4.9%, respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in peak flow rate was observed according to uroflowmetry. Comparison of the scores by the questionnaires revealed a significant improvement in the quality of life in the postoperative period.Conclusion. Bilateral sacrospinous fixation of reconstructed vaginal wall (neocervix) by monofilament polypropylene apical sling appears to be effective and safe method for treatment patients with vaginal vault prolapse.
Systematic Importance of Pollen Morphology of Some Plants of (Lamiaceae)
Authors: M.F Azzazy,
Published: March 2017

Pollen morphology of seven taxa belonging to Lamiaceae and common used as medicinal plants were examined by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thymus vulgaris L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Mentha spicata L., Ocimum basillicium L., Salvia elegans Vahl, Salvia farinacea Benth, and Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roem. and Schult. Pollen morphological characteristics are provided for these taxa. Among the studied taxa, Mentha longifolia has the smallest pollen grains, and Ocimum basillicium possesses the largest ones. The main shape of pollen grains in the most taxa  suboblate, oblate – spheroidal or prolate–spheroidal. However subprolate are recorded for Salvia elegans. The grains are hexacolpate in all taxa, but in S. farinacea octacolpate pollen was found. Three distinct exine sculpturing exist, reticulate–perforate the common type, also reticulate, granulate and bi-reticulate. However, the fine details are characteristic to differentiate between the pollen species. Exine is microreticulate in case of S. elegans and S. farinacea, but reticulate-foveolate in case of S. splendens. As well as, the presence of holes on colpus membrane ornamentation can be used as a taxonomic tool for sectional division between. S. elegans from S. splendens is clearly distinct from the other taxa examined by its characteristic pollen morphology. 
Morphological studies and development of Ex-situ protocol for rehabilitation of threatened Rheum species under nursery conditions
Authors: Tabin Shagoon , Kamili Azra.N. , Gupta R.C.
Published: March 2017

Rheum is a strong vigorous plant and can live long even in tough conditions. The Rheum species have been domesticated as medicinal plants for human consumption. Rheum species are perennial stout herbs. Rhubarb is a common English name of the genus Rheum. Rhubarb is a plant name for the many different species of Rheum, distributed in the temperate and sub tropical regions of Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim and growing wild in the mountains of the Western and North-western provinces of China and adjoining Tibetan territory. It is cultivated much in Europe and the United States. In Kashmir Himalaya, it ranges from an altitude of 1700 - 5500m. It is famous for its medicinal uses. Roots are long and stout. Stem is erect, hollow, sulcate, glabrous or strigose. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia – Tropical, from China to India, Nepal and Pakistan. In India, its found in Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. In Jammu and Kashmir, it grows on open slopes and shrubberies in Kashmir, Leh and Zanaskar valley between 3000-5000 m, where R.webbianum is found. The Rheum spiciforme is also one of most known medicinal plant and is  found on high altitudes of Gurez valley(3000m 5000m). Rheum also prefers a full sunny location and thrives in a moist, fertile soil. Most Rheum species can handle heavier clay soils better than many other herbs and makes a striking addition to the spring landscape. Rhubarb is propagated from seeds, seedlings, or pieces of rhizome. 
New root endophytic water borne conidial fungi from Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Sati S. C. , Pathak Richa
Published: March 2017

Water borne conidial fungi occurring in living roots of healthy plant growing in the wet and ravine areas of Dogaon and Ramgarh, Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya (India) were isolated as root endophytes. A total of 15 species (Alatospora acuminata, Anguillospora longissima, Beltrania rhombica, Campylospora chaetocladia, Claviriopsis aquatica, Cylindrocarpon aquaticum, Flagellospora penicilloides, Helicomyces roseus, Helicosporium lumbricoides, Pleurophragmium sonum, Pestalotiopsis submersus, Seridium sp, Setosynnema isthomosporum, Tetrachaetum elegans and Tetracladium marchalianum) of endophytic aquatic fungus were recovered as root endophytes of various host plants. Three species viz. Helicosporium lumbricoides, Pleurophragmium sonum and Setosynnema isthomosporum isolated from the roots of pteridophytes and grasses were found as new root endophytes. Among the studied host plants five plant species were also found as new hosts.
Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats
Authors: FB Elizabeth , E.N Obikili , A. E Esom , G.E Anyanwu
Published: March 2017

Background: Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD50. Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify    the bioactive agents and estimate the LD50 for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. Method: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD50 were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids,  saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD50 was found to be 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The major active ingredients of aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Crinum Giganteum, LD50, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides

 
Perspective of beneficial microbes in agriculture under changing climatic scenario: a review
Authors: Bhattacharyya P. N. , Goswami M. P. , Bhattacharyya L. H.
Published: March 2017

Agriculture is a complex network of interactions of plants with microorganisms. There is a growing demand for ecologically compatible environment friendly technique in agriculture that might be able to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the increasing human populations through improvement of the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Under the changing climatic scenario of global fluxes of the key biogenic greenhouse gases (CO2, methane and nitrous oxide), and some other environmental problems, the application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture would serve as an important alternative gateway to some of the traditional agricultural techniques. Microorganisms of agricultural importance represent key ecological strategy for integrated management practices like nutrient management, disease and pest management in order to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture as well to improve cultivar performance. The present review is intended to focus on the emergence of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) to develop an ideal agricultural system through efficient utilization of nutrients and recycling of energy and thereby to preserve the natural ecosystem resources under climate change. The progress to date in using the beneficial microflora in a variety of applications related to agriculture along with key mechanism of action is also discussed in this review.
A Study on Two New Chinese Mandarin Phrases “Jiang Zhen” (讲真) and “Lao Siji” (老司机) from the Three Dimensions of Language
Authors: Wen Aihua
Published: March 2017

Internet users have given two existing phrases in Chinese, “Jiang Zhen” and “Lao Siji” new second definitions. “Jiang Zhen” which exists in some southern Chinese dialects is gradually becoming a new Mandarin phrase. The phrase’s meaning is being transformed and this new meaning is being used by Chinese netizens. This new and transformed meaning has spread quickly throughout the internet. On the other hand, “Lao Siji” now has several new meanings and has become more popular in online and real life conversations. From the three dimensions of language namely semantics, syntax and pragmatics, the two new phrases have their intrinsic connotations. Currently, different sections of the public hold different attitudes to these two new phrases, so their vitality is still waiting for the test of time.
Differences in the Bacteriome of Smokeless Tobacco Products with Different Oral Carcinogenicity: Compositional and Predicted Functional Analysis
Authors: Al-hebshi Nezar Noor , Alharbi Fahd Ali , Mahri Mohammed , Chen Tsute
Published: March 2017

Smokeless tobacco (ST) products vary significantly in their oral carcinogenicity. Much is known about the differences in chemical, but not bacterial, constituents of these products. In this study, we explore the composition and function of the bacteriome in ST products from 4 countries using q-PCR and 16S rRNA-based next generation sequencing. The bacterial load (16S rRNA copies/gram) was lowest in Swedish snus (3.4E+6) and highest in Yemeni shammah (6.6E+11). A total of 491 species-level taxa, many of which are potentially novel, belonging to 178 genera and 11 phyla were identified. Species richness and diversity were highest for Swedish snus and lowest for Yemeni shammah. Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Oceanobacillus spp. were the most abundant in American snuff; species of Pseudomonas, Massilia, Propionibacterium, Puniceispirillum and Gloeothece predominated in Swedish snus. In Sudanese toombak, Facklamia, Desemzia, Atopostipes and Lysinibacillus spp. accounted for the majority of the bacteriome. Yemeni shammah exclusively contained Bacillus spp. PICRUSt functional prediction showed that genes encoding cadmium/zinc and nickel transport systems were enriched in the presumptively “high carcinogenicity” products. The bacteriome of ST products thus differed qualitatively, quantitatively and functionally. The relevance of these differences, particularly with respect to nickel and cadmium, to oral carcinogenesis warrants further investigation.