bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Rotational States of Mars-crossing Asteroids: A Yarkovsky Effect Study
Authors: Hou Xi-Yun , Liu Xin , Yao Jun , Liu Shanhong , Roberto Armellin , Gan Qingbo , Yang Zhi-tao
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the rotational characteristics of Mars-crossing Asteroids (MCAs) through the analysis of the Yarkovsky effect. Leveraging precise orbit determination processes, we estimate the Yarkovsky parameter for 67 MCAs, shedding light on their rotational states. The observed retrograde-to-prograde ratio ($N_R/N_P = 1.48^{+0.43}_{-0.63}$) unveils a distinctive pattern, diverging from near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs). This discrepancy aligns with the prevailing origin theory, providing key insights into the dynamic evolution of small bodies in the solar system. Our findings underscore the significance of the Yarkovsky effect in understanding asteroid behavior and offer firm support to the current evolutionary framework.
Lathyrol Reduces the RCC Invasion and Incidence of EMT via Affecting the Expression of AR and SPHK2 in RCC mice
Authors: Song Shengyou , Tai Lunwei , Xu Yuqi , Jiang Junling , Zhou Lei , Zhao Junfeng
Published: February 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lathyrol on the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mice and to further explore the mechanism by which Lathyrol inhibits the invasion and incidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Methods: An RCC xenograft mouse model was constructed, and the mice were randomly divided into a model group, an experiment group and a negative control group. The experiment group was intragastrically gavaged with Lathyrol solution (20 mg/kg), the model group was intragastrically gavaged with 0.9% NaCl (same volume as that used in the experiment group), and the negative control group was injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg cisplatin aqueous solution. Changes in the body weight and tumor volume of the mice were recorded. Western blot (WB) was used to assess the protein expression levels of AR, p-AR, CYP17A1, PARP1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, β-catenin, and ZO-1. Protein expression levels of SPHK2, metal matrix protease 2 (MMP2), MMP9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). AR expression in tumor tissues was assessed after immunofluorescence (IF) staining.
Results: After 14 days of drug administration, compared with that in the model group, the tumor volumes in the negative control and experiment groups were lower; the difference in tumor volume among the model, control and experiment groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences in body weight among the three groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the model group, the protein expression levels of AR, p-AR, CYP17A1, SPHK2, and PARP1 were relatively increased, the protein expression levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were relatively reduced (P <0.05), and the protein expression levels of N-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin, and α-SMA were relatively increased (P<0.05). In the negative control and experiment groups, the protein expression levels of AR, p-AR, CYP17A1, SPHK2, and PARP1 were relatively decreased (P<0.05), the protein expression levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were relatively increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of N-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and α-SMA were relatively decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Lathyrol and cisplatin inhibit the proliferation of RCC xenografts, reduce the protein expression levels of AR, CYP17A1, SPHK2, PARP1, E-cadherin, and ZO-1 in tumor tissues (P<0.05), and promote the protein expression levels of N-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Therefore, Lathyrol reduces RCC invasion and EMT by affecting the expression of AR and SPHK2 in RCC mice.
How local electric field regulates C-C coupling at a single active site in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Chen Zixuan , Yang Ruixin , Qi Yongbing , Tang Zhuodong , Li Jinxiang , Zhu Wenlei , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: February 2024

C–C coupling is of utmost importance in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, as it governs the selectivity of diverse product formation. Nevertheless, the difficulties to directly observe C–C coupling pathways on a specific active site hinder the advances in catalysts and electrolyzer design for efficient high-value hydrocarbon production. Here we develop a single-site-resolved Raman technology to elucidate the influence of the local electric field on the evolution of C-C coupling intermediates. Through precise adjustments to the Debye length in nanogaps of a copper catalyst, the overlapping of electrical double layer (EDLs) drives a transition in the C–C coupling pathway at a specific active site from *CHO–*CO coupling to the direct dimerization of *CO species. Experimental evidence and simulations validate that a reduced potential drop across the compact layer promotes a higher yield of CO and promotes the direct dimerization of *CO species. Our findings provide insights for the development of highly selective catalyst materials tailored to promote specific products.
The protective effect of Iron Isomaltoside on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of KLF4/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Gong Huiping , Zhao Qingyang , Zhang Jingbo , Sun Duanchen , Zhuang Xianghua , Dong Qiaofeng , Dou Aixia
Published: February 2024

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of iron isomaltoside (IIM) on myocardial function and the associated mechanisms in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9C2 cells.[Design & Methods]Changes in cardiac pathology after myocardial infarction (MI) were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Myocardial cellapoptosis in the heart tissues of rats with MI was assessed using TUNEL staining. In H/R-induced H9C2 cells, cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine 5’-triphosphate levels were detected. Apoptosis and MMP in H9C2 cells were detected with flow cytometry.[Results]Our results demonstrated that IIM treatment reduced myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy induced by I/R in rats. Moreover, we confirmed that IIM repressed apoptosis and regulated MMP in H9C2 cells exposed to H/R. IIM relieved the inflammatory response and autophagy in H/R-treated H9C2 cells. In addition, IIM inhibited the Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4)/NF-κB pathway in H/R-induced H9C2 cells. Interestingly, the function of IIM on apoptosis, MMP, inflammation and autophagy were abolished by KLF4 overexpression in H/R-induced H9C2 cells.[Conclusions]In conclusion, IIM could repress cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy through the inhibition of the KLF4/NF-κB pathway and thus reduced myocardial injuryin vivoandin vitro.
Utility of indirect phenotype measurement system on genomic prediction in Japanese Black cattle: a simulation study using public data
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro
Published: February 2024

The demand for genetic improvement of novel traits such as meat quality, including fatty acid composition, in Japanese Black cattle has been growing. The simple indirect measurement system is an alternative to traits for which direct measurement of multi-sample data is costly. However, the heritability estimated using the data obtained by the simple indirect measurement system is often lower than that by the direct measurement system. Here, the performance of genomic prediction using the simple indirect measurement system was assessed by simulating phenotypic data with the publicly available information on the genomic relationship matrix for 9,850 Japanese Black fattened animals. First, a theoretical method was developed to simulate genomic breeding value from the genomic relationship matrix based on eigenvalue decomposition. Next, genomic breeding value prediction was performed by simulating phenotypic measurement sets with heritabilities of 0.7 and 0.4 for the direct and indirect measurement systems, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of 0.95 and 0.8 between the two measurement systems, respectively. Variance components estimated via two-trait model analysis using records of all 9,850 individuals were in good agreement with their respective setting values, indicating that the proposed simulation method works well. The efficiency of genetic selection based on the results of genomic prediction using the indirect measurement system seems to depend on the genetic correlation between direct and indirect measurement systems, especially when the size of the training population increases. The results provide fundamental information for the efficient, cost-effective genetic improvement of novel traits using the simple indirect measurement system.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting axillary lymph node burden of early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Cai Linli , Ju Yan , Dang Xiaozhi , Yang Chen , Yan Meiying , Zhao Yang , Zhao Wenxin , Xiao Yingcong , Song Hongping
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To identify ultrasonic and clinicopathological features associated with high axillary lymph node (ALN) burden ( > 2 metastatic ALNs) and develop a nomogram for preoperatively predicting ALN burden in patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Methods
In this retrospectively study, a total of 575 women with clinical T1-2N0 breast cancer confirmed by histopathology were included from January 2021 to June 2023. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (n = 403) and a validation set (n = 172). According to the pathological results of the axilla, patients were divided into low burden group and high burden group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the risk factors and develop the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the calibration curves and decision curve analysis in the training and validation sets.
Results
In the training and validation sets, 10.4% (42/403) and 10.5% (18/172) of patients showed high burden, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the distance from the nipple (P = 0.007), cortical thickness (P < 0.001), number of abnormal LNs on ultrasound (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of ALN burden. The nomogram showed good discrimination with AUC values of 0.878 and 0.837 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predictions of nomogram and pathologic results. And the clinical net benefit was ideal based on decision curves analysis.
Conclusion
The nomogram developed in this study has good performance for non-invasively predicting ALN burden in early-stage breast cancer and might provide reference for clinical treatment decision-making.
2-Nitrophenol removal and regeneration studies of pomegranate peels activated carbon
Authors: Saadi Wafa , Yahya Achoik , Souissi Souad Najar , Ouederni Abdelmottaleb
Published: February 2024

In this paper, activated carbon-based pomegranate peels was used as a new adsorbent for 2-Nitrophenol adsorption from an aqueous solution instead of the commercial adsorbent Chemviron. Liquid-phase adsorption experiments were conducted, and the maximum adsorptive capacity was determined. The effect of the experimental parameters, namely, initial concentration, solution pH, particle size, temperature, and contact time, were traced. The equilibrium data were mathematically modeled, using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption models. The Kinetic data suited the Pseudo-first- order and Pseudo-second-order models at different initial concentration values and particle sizes. The thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous and the energy relations substantiated the favorability of adsorption on the prepared activated carbon, leading us to conclude that the adsorption process of the phenolic compound from the activated carbon obtained was physical. Pomegranate peels activated carbon regeneration could be performed using hot distilled water.
Feldspathic sandstone as an emerging soil stabilizer for aeolian sand in the Mu Us Sandy Land: insights into particle size composition
Authors: Zhang Lu , Han Jichang , Li Juan , Ye Shenglan , Wu Dan
Published: February 2024

Stabilization of aeolian sand is essential for achieving desertification control, soil and water conservation, and agricultural development in sandy lands. Feldspathic sandstone is a soft clay rock widely found in the Mu Us Sandy Land. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the mechanism for aeolian sand stabilization with feldspathic sandstone from the perspective of particle size composition. Feldspathic sandstone was added to aeolian sand at different ratios (mf : ms = 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 0:1, where mf is the mass of feldspathic sandstone and ms is the mass of aeolian sand). The results showed that the soil texture was modified upon addition of feldspathic sandstone. The content of particles < 0.05 mm increased with increasing addition ratio of feldspathic sandstone, in contrast to the downward trend observed for particles > 0.05 mm. Consequently, the soil texture changed from sand to sandy loam, then loam, and finally silty loam. The addition of feldspathic sandstone ameliorated aeolian sand, resulting in a broader particle size distribution and lower particle size uniformity. Continuously well-graded soil was obtained at mf : ms = 1:5 (coefficient of uniformity: 54.71; coefficient of curvature: 2.54) or 1:2 (coefficient of uniformity: 76.21; coefficient of curvature: 1.12). While the addition of feldspathic sandstone solved the problem of single particle size composition in aeolian sand, the presence of aeolian sand prevented soil compaction caused by the high clay content of feldspathic sandstone. Findings of this study indicate that the addition of feldspathic sandstone to aeolian sand leads to the mixing of various sized particles and continuous gradation of the soil. Although a higher addition ratio of feldspathic sandstone is more favorable for soil texture improvement, mf : ms = 1:5 is recommended for practical application in terms of particle gradation and cost effectiveness.
Effects of Combined Blue light and 5-ALA on cell death in B16F1 melanoma and HaCaT cells
Authors: Sato Kazuomi , Sato Taiki , Hirotani Riku , Bam Munetsugu
Published: February 2024

Investigating the effect of blue light and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) co-treatment, this study examined its effects on B16F1 melanoma cells and HaCaT keratinocytes. Our focus was on cellular responses including mitochondrial function, DNA integrity, and gene expression. Co-treatment significantly damaged mitochondria, alters their morphology, induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and led to cardiolipin peroxidation in both cell types. This approach also increased DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Notably, it triggers complex, time-dependent changes in gene expression, particularly upregulating MMP-1 and p21 in HaCaT cells. Our findings reveal that blue light and 5-ALA co-treatment causes substantial cellular stress and damage, suggesting its therapeutic potential against melanoma, while also highlighting the need for caution and precision in its application to avoid harming normal cells. This underscores the necessity for further research to refine therapeutic approaches.
A number of key genes have been identified as being linked with the progression and prognosis of squamous lung carcinoma in the GEO and TCGA databases
Authors: Dai Jiaxing , Huang Hong , Zhang Huanghui , Li Yuanyin , Zhang Shaowang , Wang Qinsha , Yang Bing , Tang Dongxin
Published: February 2024

Background
One of the most common subtypes of lung cancer is lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which has a poor clinical prognosis and few therapeutic options.
Methods
Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUSC and normal tissues were identified by DESeq2, an R software package, and functional analysis was employed using the clusterProfiler, enrichplot, and ggnewscale packages of R software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) were identified via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Additionally, 331 DEGs was eliminated using a Cox Univariate analysis of variance with a p-value cutoff of less than 0.02. Hub genes were further validated in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed using the Kapla–Meier curve.
Results
A total of 331 DEGs were identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the two pathways: cell cycle and p53 signaling way. According to the degree of protein nodes > 10 in the PPI network, 125 hub genes were identified.By univariate Cox progression analysis, we obtained 37 significant genes, which were then intersected with the PPI results to obtain 9 hub genes. Furthermore, The four genes' Kapla-Meier curves were worked out using a p-value cutoff of 0.05 as the standard.
Conclusions
The nine hub genes and the development of LUSC may be closely connected and four hub genes may act as independent indicators for LUSC overall survival that have a high predictive value.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of en masse retraction with integration of maxillary anterior teeth
Authors: Ishii Yoshikazu , Ozaki Hiroya , Fushima Kenji
Published: February 2024

Background: As a novel force system to safely and efficiently retract the maxillary anterior teeth in orthodontic treatment, we applied an en masse traction method with integration of the maxillary anterior teeth (EMTI) and quantitatively evaluated tooth movement using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis to examine the validity of EMTI.
Methods: A 3D finite element model (FEM) of the six teeth of the maxillary dentition, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone was created. A two-tooth model of the bilateral central incisors, four-tooth model of the bilateral central and lateral incisors, and six-tooth model of the bilateral central and lateral incisors and canines were reconstructed as EMTI models. Each tooth was splinted to the other with a palatally-attached wire, and the moment arms were attached to this wire and extended apically. Traction points were set along the moment arms at 6, 8, and 10 mm from the level of the palatal wire. FEM analysis was performed by applying a traction force of 1.0 N in the palatal direction to the traction point of each moment arm. For the maxillary central incisors of each model, the angular changes in the tooth axis and center of rotation (C-Rot) were investigated. In addition, the 3D displacements of the crown and apex of each tooth were analyzed for each EMTI model.
Results: In the two-tooth and four-tooth models, traction of 6 mm showed palatal inclination of the tooth axis, and the C-Rot was located near the root apex. Traction by 8 mm showed bodily tooth movement, and traction of 10 mm demonstrated labial inclination of the tooth axis, in which the crown was displaced labially and the root was displaced palatally. In the six-tooth model, traction by 10 mm exhibited en masse palatal movement of all six teeth without inducing a bowing effect at the canines.
Conclusions: FEM analysis of the EMTI technique provided useful information for understanding the 3D movement of the root in clinical practice.
A haplotype-resolved pangenome of the barley wild relative Hordeum bulbosum
Authors: Mascher Martin , Feng Jia-Wu , Pidon Hélène , Cuacos Maria , Himmelbach Axel , Fuchs Jörg , Haberer Georg , Lux Thomas , Kuo Yi-Tzu , Guo Yu , Jayakodi Murukarthick , Toegelová Helena , Harpke Dörte , Knauft Manuela , Simkova Hana , Mayer Klaus , Spannagl Manuel , Kumlehn Jochen , Heckmann Stefan , Houben Andreas , Blattner Frank , Stein Nils
Published: February 2024

Wild plants can contribute valuable genes to their domesticated relatives. Fertility barriers and a lack of genomic resources have hindered the effective use of crop-wild introgressions. Decades of research into barley’s closest wild relative, Hordeum bulbosum, a grass native to the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, have yet to manifest themselves in the release of a cultivar bearing alien genes. Here, we construct a pangenome of bulbous barley comprising ten haplotype-resolved genome sequence assemblies. Autotetraploid cytotypes, among which the donors of resistance-conferring introgressions are found, arose at least twice, and are connected among each other and to diploid forms through gene flow. The differential amplification of transposable elements after barley and H. bulbosum diverged from each other is responsible for genome size differences between them. We illustrate the translational value of our resource by mapping non-host resistance to a viral pathogen to a structurally diverse multigene cluster implicated in diverse immune responses in wheat and barley.
Approximate Integrity Constraints in Incomplete Databases With Limited Domains
Authors: Sali Attila , Munqath Al-Atar
Published: February 2024

In case of incomplete database tables, a possible world is obtained by replacing any missing value by a value from the corresponding attribute's domain that can be infinite. A possible key or possible functional dependency constraint is satisfied by an incomplete table if we can obtain a possible world that satisfies the given key or functional dependency. On the other hand, a certain key or certain functional dependency holds if all possible worlds satisfy the constraint, A strongly possible constraint is an intermediate concept between possible and certain constraints, based on the strongly possible world approach (a strongly possible world is obtained by replacing \nul's by a value from the ones appearing in the corresponding attribute of the table).A strongly possible key or functional dependency holds in an incomplete table if there exists a strongly possible world that satisfies the given constraint. In the present paper, we introduce strongly possible versions of multivalued dependencies and cross joins, and we analyse the complexity of checking the validity of a given strongly possible cross joins.We also study approximation measures of strongly possible keys (spKeys), functional dependencies (spFDs), multivalued dependencies (spMVDs) and cross joins (spCJs). $g_3$ and $g_5$ measures are used to measure how close a table $Y$ satisfies a constraint if it is violated in $T$. Where the two measures $g_3$ and $g_5$ represent the ratio of the minimum number of tuples that are required to be removed from or added to, respectively, the table so that the constraint holds. Removing tuples may remove the cases that caused the constraint violation and adding tuples can extend the values shown on an attribute. For spKeys and spFDs, We show that the $g_3$ value is always an upper bound of the $g_5$ value for a given constraint in a table. However, there are tables of arbitrarily large number of tuples and a constant number of attributes that satisfy $g_3-g_5=\frac{p}{q}$ for any rational number $0\le\frac{p}{q}<1$. On the other hand, we show that the two measures values are independent of each other in the case of spMVDs and spCJs.￼We also treat complexity questions of determination of the approximation values.
A Nine-Level Switched-Capacitor Based Quadruple Boost Inverter with Low Voltage Stress and Reduced Switching Components
Authors: Murugan Oorappan G , Pandarinathan Sivaraman
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the use of multilevel inverters that rely on switched capac-itors to quadruple the gain of DC to AC power converters. These inverters typically face a trade-off between the number of switches and the voltage stress of the switches. The article proposes a solution to this problem by introducing a new nine-level switched-capacitor-based quadruple boost inverter (NSQBI) that reduces the voltage stress and number of components required. The NSQBI achieves a quadrupling of boost by using six-power switches and a single diode, along with a half-bridge circuit. Despite the increased maximum output voltage, the voltage stress on power switches are minimized because all switches and a diode can be connected to any of the reduced voltage capacitors. This allows for the use of reduced voltage power components, reducing total power dissipation. The article provides theoretical analysis, computations, and design requirements for the NSQBI and compares it to previous inverters. The benefits of the NSQBI are confirmed by simulations and tests on a 0.45 kW inverter prototype.
Research on spatial variation of soil particles in railway saline soil subgrade under freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Duan Yanfu , Cheng Jianjun , Chen Yuanqinq , Yin Dawei , Zou Bo
Published: February 2024

In order to study the relative displacement and spatial position variation characteristics of soil particles inside railway saline soil subgrade, as well as the relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and soil particle displacement, four monitoring points were set in samples with different moisture contents. After undergoing 0, 10, 20, and 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the position of monitoring points was determined through CT scanning to study the spatial variation characteristics of soil particles. Through research, it was found that: (1) After 10, 20, and 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the spatial position of the monitoring points in the sample showed significant changes. And with the increase of water content, the spatial changes of monitoring points become more and more obvious. (2) After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the horizontal and vertical displacement of monitoring point 4 in the sample with a moisture content of 4% were the smallest, with values of 4.827 um and 40.39 um, respectively; The maximum horizontal and vertical displacement at monitoring point 4 in the sample with a moisture content of 10% were 113.34um and 28.239 um, respectively. (3) As the water content increases, the relative spatial displacement between monitoring points continues to increase. (4) Comparing the theoretical calculated displacement with the experimental displacement, the two show a consistent trend of change, and the highest similarity between the two is 0.91, with an average similarity of 0.67. The research results reveal the spatial variation pattern of soil particles inside railway saline soil subgrade.
A novel strategy to facilitate uniform epithelial cell maturation on liquid-liquid interfaces
Authors: Sonoi Rie , Kamihira Masamichi
Published: February 2024

Background: Liquid-liquid interfaces, such as lacrimal fluid of the eye, are pervasive in living organism. While culturing cells in an environment that closely mimics in vivo conditions enhances our understanding of cell characteristics and unveils underlying mechanisms, practical considerations have led to predominant use of solid surfaces, such as polystyrene or glass, for cell culture. In this study, we introduce a novel culture design aimed at promoting uniform maturation of epithelial cells using liquid materials.
Results: Culturing Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at the liquid-liquid interface yielded reduced migration and stimulated active cell growth. Similar to solid-liquid interfaces, cells cultured on a fibronectin-coated liquid-liquid interface exhibited active migration and growth, ultimately reaching a confluent state. These cells exhibited reduced stress fiber formation and adopted a cobblestone-like shape, which led to their even distribution in the culture vessel. Analysis of staining images of the tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-2 revealed that the frequency of ZO-2-positive cells, FZ, in cultures on the fibronectin-coated liquid-liquid interface was 2.2-fold higher than that on the non-coated liquid-liquid interface at t = 72 h. To inhibit stress fiber formation and apoptosis, the exposure of cells to Y27632, a specific inhibitor of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), facilitated uniform maturation (FZ = 0.73). Additionally, a similar trend was observed in cells cultured on the fibronectin-coated liquid-liquid interface (FZ = 0.80) at t = 72 h. In Y27632-exposed cells on the liquid-liquid interface, the value obtained by subtracting the standard deviation of the ratio of nucleus densities in each region that compartmentalized a culture vessel from 1, denoted as HLN, was 0.93 0.01, indicating even cell distribution in the culture vessel at t = 72 h. Across all culture conditions, the HLN and FZ values exhibited a close correlation (R2 = 0.93), suggesting that cell distribution in the culture vessel is related to the formation of TJs in the late phase of maturation.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the behaviors of epithelial cells on liquid-liquid interfaces contribute to the promotion of their uniform maturation.
Formation mechanism of wood rotary welding interface by various additives
Authors: Wu: Jiawei , Zhang Zhongfeng , He Jiarong , Yang Yang , Zhang Lei , Huang Kai
Published: February 2024

In order to improve the interfacial properties of rotary welding of wood, additive pre-treatments for wooden tenons were conducted as follows: immersion in oleic acid-modified calcium carbonate whiskers (group CA), no treatment (group DZ), immersion in CuSO4 and Na2SO3 for a duration of 8 hours (group CN), and addition of calcium carbonate in the pre-drilled holes (group L). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties tests, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry tests (Py-GC/MS) were performed to evaluate the properties of the welded interfaces. After additive treatment, the welded interface exhibits a layered structure resembling grout, with an increased relative content of cellulose and lignin on the interface, indicating enhanced intramolecular cohesion. The generation of high molecular weight aromatic methoxy groups confirms the intermolecular connection. As a result, the mechanical properties and water resistance of the rotational welded interface are significantly improved. With the exception of the CN group, all specimens meet the strength requirement (≥ 0.7 MPa) specified in GB/T 14018 − 2009 "Test Method for Wood Nail Grip Strength"(in China), and the CA group exhibits the most exceptional welding interface performance.
Measurement of the water absorption on hybrid carbon fibre prepreg waste composite and its impact on flexural performance
Authors: Shukri Ahmad Ashari Ahmad , Nosbi Norlin , Omar Mohd Firdaus , Sa Siti Shuhadah Md , Othman Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi , Najib Norazwana Mohd , Ali Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan
Published: February 2024

Carbon fibre prepreg which is crucial to composites and aircraft is shaped through cutting and trimming during manufacturing process. However, due to its short life span the resulting waste known as carbon fibre prepreg waste (CFW) exists and is not utilized in the finished product. Therefore, this presents difficulties for applications involving composite reinforcement fibres. This study explores CFW recycling through the hybridization method, emphasizing moisture's impact on resulting composites' flexural performance and degradation. Optimal composition for samples is determined via the design of the experiment, Minitab software. It is revealed 2.5 wt% carbon fibre prepreg waste and 97.5 wt% epoxy resin as optimal for CFW-EP. Similarly, for CFW-EP-AL, 2.5 wt% carbon fibre prepreg waste, 2.5 wt% alumina, and 95 wt% epoxy resin proved optimal. Samples of epoxy resin polymer (EP), carbon prepreg waste reinforced composite (CFW-EP), and carbon prepreg waste reinforced with alumina composite (CFW-EP-AL) were then fabricated accordingly. The hybrid waste composites were subjected to a moisture absorption test, unveiling visible degradation over time. Measurements collected at 24-hour intervals calculated moisture content and diffusion coefficients. Flexural testing illustrated moisture's impact on composite characteristics. These findings offer insights into sustainable materials for diverse applications, underlining the need for meticulous compositional analysis to achieve optimal flexural strength in recycled composites.
Effect of coupling agent ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-recycled High Density Poly Ethylene composites
Authors: Elrasasi T. Y. , Reda L. M. , Mohamed L. A. , MOUBARAK D. I.
Published: February 2024

The influence of concentration of the polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PEGMA) as a coupling agent on the mechanical and physical properties of wood plastic composites was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation showed the enhancement of the homogeneity because of the presence of PEGMA. FT-IR results indicated a new created chemical bond at 1734 cm− 1 between the natural fiber and the polyethylene chains. Thermogravometric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability has been improved. Results shows that the mechanical and physical properties of WPC were enhanced by increasing the amount of added and then decreased after 2% wt. of PEGMA.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction in Private Banks: A Study on Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Authors: Shakib Shahriar
Published: February 2024

The research delved into the impact of leadership styles on employee performance and job satisfaction within Private Banks, focusing on the examination of transformational and transactional leadership. Noteworthy findings emerged, revealing that transformational leadership, characterized by inspiration, motivation, and support, significantly correlated with heightened employee performance and increased job satisfaction among Private Banks employees. Conversely, transactional leadership, emphasizing clear job expectations and compliance, displayed more selective influence on specific performance aspects but exhibited limited impact on intrinsic job satisfaction. These findings bear significant implications for Private Banks operational strategies, suggesting that a combination of transformational leadership practices alongside selective integration of transactional elements could optimize employee performance and job satisfaction. The study contributes empirically sound evidence to leadership studies, enriching the discourse on leadership behaviors' influence on organizational dynamics. Practical recommendations derived from these findings could guide Private Banks in fostering a conducive work environment, aligning with organizational goals and enhancing employee well-being. Further research opportunities lie in longitudinal or comparative studies across Islamic banking institutions to deepen the understanding of leadership impacts on employee dynamics. Ultimately, this research underscores the pivotal role of leadership styles in shaping employee performance and job satisfaction at Private Banks, offering actionable insights for organizational enhancement.
Soil microbial communities and biogeochemistry during human decomposition differs between seasons: evidence from year-long trials
Authors: Taylor Lois S. , Mason Allison R. , Noel Hannah L. , Essington Michael E. , Davis Mary C. , Brown Veronica A. , Steadman Dawnie W. , DeBruyn Jennifer M.
Published: February 2024

Background Human decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems is a dynamic process that creates localized hotspots of soil nutrient cycling and microbial activity, and the study of its progression is crucial to understanding the processes involved in recycling carcass-derived organic matter. However, longer-term (beyond a few months) impacts on microbial communities in these environments are poorly characterized and do not typically connect microbial community analysis to biogeochemistry, limiting our understanding of these ephemeral hotspots. We performed a pair of year-long human decomposition trials designed to characterize seasonal differences (summer and winter) with high temporal resolution. Microbial (16S and ITS rRNA) amplicon sequencing and quantification were integrated with biogeochemical measurements to identify key drivers of microbial successional patterns. Results In both seasonal trials we observed soil acidification, elevated microbial respiration, and concomitant reductions in soil oxygen concentrations. Soil oxygen concentration was a primary driver of microbial succession and nitrogen transformation patterns, while pH largely drove fungal diversity and abundance. Relative abundances of facultative anaerobic taxa (FirmicutesandSaccharomycetes) increased during the period of reduced soil oxygen. The magnitude and timing of the decomposition responses varied by season, with greater increases in the warmer season and longer pulse times in the cooler season, even when corrected for thermal inputs (accumulated degree days). After one year, several soil chemical parameters, microbial community structure, and fungal gene abundances remained altered, suggesting longer-term impacts on soil ecosystems. Conclusions Our work shows that decomposition patterns differ seasonally in terms of their impacts on soil biogeochemistry and microbial successional patterns, thus refining our understanding of decomposition dynamics. When considering the decomposition of human remains specifically, these collective biogeochemical and ecological shifts have potential to be harnessed as a forensic tool for refining postmortem interval (PMI) estimates.
Is There a Desired Added Worker Effect? Evidence from Involuntary Job Losses
Authors: Beckmannshagen Mattis , Glaubitz Rick
Published: February 2024

Existing research has found little to no evidence for an added worker effect. However, studies to date have only analysed individuals’ actual labor supply responses to their partners’ job loss, neglecting to consider a potential mismatch between desired and actual labor supply adjustments. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we study individuals’ changes in actual and desired working hours after their partners’ involuntary job loss in an event study design. Our results show that neither desired nor actual working hours change significantly. Thus, we provide first evidence that the absence of the added worker effect is in line with individuals’ stated labor supply preferences and is not the result of an inability to realise desired working hours.
JEL Code: J22 · H55
Reinforced Variable Selection via Natural Policy Gradient
Authors: Le Yuan , Zhou Fan , Bai Yang
Published: February 2024

Variable selection identifies the best subset of covariates when building the prediction model, among all possible subsets. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforced variable selection method, called “Actor-Critic-Predictor”. The actor takes an action to choose variables and the predictor evaluates the action based on a well-designed reward function, where the reward baseline is learned by the critic. We model the variable selection process as a multi-armed bandit and update the subset of variables being selected using a natural policy gradient algorithm. We provide an analytical framework on how different errors impact the performance of our method theoretically. Large amounts of experiments on both synthetic and real datasets show that the proposed framework is easy-implemented and outperforms classical variable selection methods in a wide range of scenarios.
A comparative outcome of feasibility and outcomes in robot assisted radical prostatectomy on Hugo RAS Medtronic and Da Vinci system: A single center initial experience in Asia Pacific
Authors: TYAGI VIPIN , TYAGI ANKIT , AGARWAL BIPUL , PISRE KUNAL , AGARWAL ANKIT
Published: February 2024

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in male population in India. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy is treatment of choice for prostate cancer. We here compare 24 cases each done by Da Vinci Si system and Hugo RAS system by a single surgeon for localized prostate cancer between June 2022 and September 2023 in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi. Preoperative data included basic demographic data, PSA levels, MRI and Gleason grade. Variables assessed during procedure were operative duration, blood loss and intraoperative complications, and after procedure were hospital stay, medical expenses and histopathology report. Urinary incontinence was assessed at 3 months follow-up. Mean age distribution was comparable(p value = 0.95). No significant difference was seen in preoperative PSA (p value = 0.326), MRI reports (p-value = 1) and transrectal biopsy (p-value = 0.789). None of the patients suffered from any major intraoperative complications. No significant difference was seen in blood loss (p value = 0.903). However there was significant difference was seen in mean duration of surgery(Hugo RAS vs Da Vinci ; 329.92 ± 66.45 vs 226.67 ± 35.31; p value < .0001). No significant difference was seen in discharge(p value = 0.552) and medical expenses(p value = 0.051). The histopathological examination results and margin status were comparable in both groups(p value = 1). No significant difference was seen in urinary incontinence at 3 months follow up between the two groups. This study proves the safety and feasibility of RARP with the Hugo RAS system when compared to da Vinci Si system however long term outcomes in larger series need to be assessed.
RETRACTED: Effect of intermittent urethral catheter clamping combined with active urination training (ICCAUT) strategy on postoperative urinary retention after radical rectal cancer surgery: single- center randomized controlled trial (ICCAUT -2) study protocol
Authors: He Tingting , Wang Quan , Sun Jianan , Hu Haiyan , Zhang Bin , Ma Jingyu , Wang Hongyan , Guo Yuchen
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Atomic Media: Gaussian Beam Propagation with Kerr Effect and Spatial Refractive Index Modulation
Authors: ariq Muhammad T , Khan Abuzar
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the intricate interplay between Gaussian beams and atomic media, introducing a novel approach by incorporating a Kerr field and spatially dependent refractive index. The study employs a Gaussian probe field as the primary interaction medium with the atomic ensemble, while simultaneously introducing two control fields. One of these control fields acts as a Kerr field, imparting a unique modulation on the propagation characteristics of the Gaussian beam. The key parameters under scrutiny encompass the probe field detuning (∆P /γ), as well as the Rabi frequencies and detunings of the control fields (Ω1,2/γ, ∆1,2/γ). Further exploration involves transforming one of the control fields into a Gaussian beam, resulting in the creation of a spatially dependent refractive index within the atomic medium. The investigation focuses on the spatial coordinates x/ω0 and y/ω0, where ω0 represents the Gaussian beam waist. This intricate configuration provides a unique platform for studying the manipulation and control of light propagation in atomic media. The research not only sheds light on fundamental interactions in quantum optics but also opens avenues for potential applications in quantum information processing and precision measurement. The outcomes of this study contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of Gaussian beams in complex atomic environments, with potential implications for quantum technology and communication.
Phase purity analysis of Ni x Cu 1-x Fe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles using Jana2006 Refinement analysis for Waste Water Treatment Applications
Authors: T Vigneswari , P Thiruramanathan , O Senthilkumar , S.M Senthil Kumar
Published: February 2024

The low-cost sol-gel combustion method is used to create nickel-doped copper ferrite (NixCu1-xFe2O4 where x = 0, 0.5 and 1.0) nanoparticles with di-ethanolamine as a size-reducing agent. The temperature effect on X-ray Diffraction (XRD), combined with the Jana2006 refinement result suggested that 500 0C is an optimum temperature for obtaining phase pure CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The phase fraction, lattice parameters, unit cell volume, micro strain, crystallite size and dislocation density are also reported. Strain-induced broadening of the structural properties of CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is analysed using the Williamson–Hall plot. Activation energy analysis revealed that 4.93 kJ/mol and 4.45 kJ/mol of energy are required to produce the CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, respectively. Indistinguishable particle morphology with partial agglomeration was observed in the SEM results. Direct and indirect band gap values are found to decreases with increasing x values. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) results revealed that reductions for COD and TOC vary from 93 to 95%, while the BOD/COD rate changes from 0.13 to 0.57. The 18-fold increase in the BOD/COD ratio led to a significant improvement in the biodegradability of the industrial wastewater.
A systematic review of approaches developed and used for the environmental assessment of biorefineries
Authors: Ianda Tito Francisco , Kalid Ricardo de Araújo , Pessoa Fernando Luiz Pellegrini , Medeiros Diego Lima , Santos Dayvid Souza , Padula Antônio Domingos
Published: February 2024

Biorefineries are industrial units that have a productive matrix with biological characteristics capable of producing high-value inputs and products added to the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, or cosmetics industry. In this context, this research aims to develop a systematic review of the environmental assessment of biorefineries to support the identification of new research frontiers on the topic. As a method, Scientific Mapping was used with tools from the Bibliometrix package in the R® software. The data was collected on the Web of Science database platform and analyzed using the Biblioshiny function. The search period covers the years 2008– 2021, in which 608 scientific publications were selected for analysis. The results indicate that the evolution of scientific knowledge on environmental assessment of biorefineries is associated with mathematical models for measuring environmental impact categories, mainly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with global warming potential (GWP). The need to improve these models was observed, such as the consensus for the procedure for allocating environmental aspects to evaluate the impacts of multi-product biorefineries. Thus, to evaluate the environmental impact of biorefineries with a focus on the use of native vegetation resources, the results of this research suggest the use of the partitioning allocation procedure, which allows the evaluation of the impact categories for each product of the multi-product biorefinery. The research also identified that issues of preservation of forest resources were not addressed in the literature analyzed, which indicates the need to promote research to support the valuation and economic use of forest resources, the preservation of native forests, and strengthening the transition movement to a sustainable economy.