bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Peran Pembina Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka dalam Menerapkan Karakter Disiplin Anggota Pramuka di SMP Negeri 4 Sungai Raya
Authors: Kuswati Heni , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Atmaja Thomy Sastra , Imran Imran , Purnama Shilmy
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study was to determine the role of scout coaches as mentors in implementing disciplinary character. knowing the role of coaches as role models in implementing disciplinary character, knowing scout coaches as motivators in implementing disciplinary character, and knowing the strategies used by scout coaches in implementing the disciplinary character of Scout Members at SMP Negeri 4 Sungai Raya. The research method used descriptive method with qualitative research form. The sources of research data are Scoutmaster, Deputy Student Affairs, and Scout Members. Data collection techniques are observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction analysis, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are in the form of the role of the Scoutmaster at SMP Negeri 4 Sungai Raya as a mentor, namely providing direction and guidance to students to be disciplined in participating in mandatory scout activities. The Scoutmaster shows an exemplary attitude consistently during extracurricular activities by being present on time and completing tasks properly. As a motivator, the Scoutmaster's role in implementing disciplinary character is by providing motivation and support to scout members through mandatory activities and routine activities. Scoutmasters use strategies in an effort to implement disciplinary character through mandatory activities and routine activities by providing guidance during activities, motivation, role modeling and providing responsibility.
Analisis Kerusakan Pada Crane Kapal Km. Sabuk Nusantara 110
Authors: Nurmala Eka , Jamil T. M. , R. Sulastriani , Baihaqi Baihaqi , Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Kurnia Rahmat , Dwi Kurniawan Indra
Published: January 2025

Ships are a means of transportation for transporting people or goods that move in waters that have the best local routes between islands or internationally between countries. Ships have a vital role in the smooth running of the world economy, which functions to distribute goods using waterways for developed and developing countries. This study uses a qualitative method that is presented in descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: 1) Hydraulic oil must be controlled frequently every week; 2) Before turning on the crane, the crane should be pumped first; 3) Give a break for the crane; 4) Always check the hydraulic oil regularly; 5) Well-scheduled maintenance; and 6) Well-planned preventive maintenance.
Manajemen Kurikulum Satuan Pendidikan Kerja Sama sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pendidikan Perspektif Global (Studi Kasus SD Sampoerna Bumi Serpong Damai Tangerang Selatan)
Authors: Wulanningrum Curry , Asy’ari Hasyim , Zahruddin Zahruddin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine curriculum management in Satuan Pendidikan Kerja Sama (SPK) as an effort to enhance global perspective education, focusing on a case study at Sampoerna Elementary School, Bumi Serpong Damai. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of the applied curriculum and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in its application. The findings reveal that Sampoerna Elementary School adopts the Cambridge curriculum integrated with the national curriculum, providing a balance between global awareness and Indonesian cultural values. However, several challenges were identified, such as overlaps between the two curricula and a lack of comprehensive understanding among stakeholders regarding the SPK concept. The strategies implemented include technology-based learning, the integration of 21st-century soft skills, and collaboration with international institutions.
Perilaku Bullying pada Siswa SMA
Authors: D. Longa Maria R.  M. , Anggraini Sitti
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the description of bullying behavior in high school students. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research type. The population in this study were all students of SMA Negeri X totaling 1200 students. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The criteria determined were grade XI students aged 15 to 18 years who had experienced bullying behavior. The sample in this study amounted to 285 people. This data collection technique used a bullying behavior scale based on Sejiwa's theory. The results of the study found that bullying behavior in students was categorized as high with a total of 225 people amounting to 78.94%, the moderate category amounting to 55 people amounting to 19.29%, and the low category amounting to 5 people amounting to 1.75%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that bullying behavior in grade XI students at SMA Negeri X was in the high category.
PRÉ-NATAL DO PARCEIRO: LIMITAÇÕES E ESTRATÉGIAS ENCONTRADAS POR ENFERMEIROS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Juciele , Reinstein de Figueiredo Tauana , Almeida dos Santos Luana
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Descrever as principais limitações e estratégias encontradas pelos enfermeiros na efetivação do pré-natal do parceiro na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa, desenvolvida em abril de 2024 por meio de levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: Base de Dados de Enfermagem e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, e Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica, por meio de acesso à PubMed. Utilizaram-se os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Assistência pré-natal”, “Atenção básica”, “Paternidade”, “Saúde do homem”, e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “Prenatal care”, “Primary care”, “Paternity”, “man's health”, ambos em cruzamento com o operador booleano AND. Emergiram-se na pesquisa 08 estudos. Resultados: O pré-natal do parceiro consiste uma estratégia fundamental, no entanto as limitações que intervêm na realização do pré-natal do parceiro estão relacionadas com os aspectos pessoais e financeiros do homem, desconhecimento e/ou falta envolvimento por parte do profissional que oferta o cuidado e estrutura física do local de acompanhamento do processo gestacional dentre outros. Considerações finais: Em síntese, é possível reafirmar, que a realização do pré-natal do parceiro ainda é uma estratégia pouco ou nenhuma consolidada na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Com isso, essa pesquisa traz importantes possibilidades, levantando discussões para pensar as práticas direcionadas à saúde do homem, dentre elas a necessidade de fortalecer a educação permanente para os enfermeiros(o) da Atenção Básica (AB), o planejamento da agenda da UBS com flexibilização dos horários de atendimento, dentre outros.
Exploring the Potential of Self-Assessment for Teachers’ Development of ICT Competencies and Beliefs
Authors: Abbiati Giovanni , Azzolini Davide , Piazzalunga Daniela , Balanskat Anja , Engelhardt Katja , Rettore Enrico , Wastiau Patricia
Published: January 2025

We evaluate the effects of an online self-assessment tool on teachers’ competencies and beliefs about information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education. The causal impact of the tool is evaluated through a randomized encouragement design involving 7,391 lower secondary teachers across 11 European countries. Short-run impact estimates show that the use of the tool led teachers to critically revise their technology-enhanced teaching competencies (−0.14 standard deviations [ SD]) and their beliefs about the use of ICT in education (−0.35 SD), while no impact on teachers’ ICT training is found. The effects are concentrated among teachers in the top-end tail of the distribution of pre-treatment outcomes. We provide suggestive evidence that the feedback score provided by the tool triggered such results by providing a negative information shock.
Collective Sensemaking During State-Mandated Dev-Ed Reforms: Variation in Policy Signals and Collective Deliberations Across Actors’ Role Responsibilities
Authors: Schudde Lauren , Pack-Cosme Kimberly , Brown Kamil Q.
Published: January 2025

States and colleges nationwide are adopting corequisite reforms, where students concurrently enroll in developmental and college-level coursework. Leveraging the concept of collective sensemaking and interviews with 54 actors at 16 community colleges implementing a statewide corequisite mandate, we examine the policy signals actors received, how personnel in different roles interacted to create an implementation plan, and how institutional supports and constraints shaped collective responses to policy. We find that actors within the same institutions—and even the same position—received different types of policy signals, often shaped by gatekeeping behavior among administrators over which actors should inhabit core implementation roles. Actors with peripheral roles were detached from the early deliberation of policy signals, minimizing their influence over implementation.
Voters, Parents, and Curricular Control: Preferences for Instruction Related to Racism and Critical Race Theory
Authors: Anglum J. Cameron , Rhinesmith Evan
Published: January 2025

In recent years, debates surrounding instruction related to Critical Race Theory (CRT) have proliferated across the United States, flamed by political actors and media pundits who ushered a heretofore largely academic concentration into the public sphere. In this study, we examine opinions of voters and parents of school-aged children regarding racism-related instruction in Missouri, a locus of anti-CRT legislative debate. We find that though voters and parents are less likely to support allowing CRT-related instruction in schools, both groups support the permissibility of institutional and systemic racism-focused instruction, despite overlap between the two curricular emphases. Conversely, voter preferences are predicted much more strongly by political ideology than are parent preferences. Together, these findings question the role of anti-CRT legislative aims.
Equal Inputs, Unequal Outputs: How Capacity Limits Policy Implementation
Authors: Lu Amanda , Matheny Kaylee T.
Published: January 2025

As education researchers continue to investigate policies at scale and across diverse contexts, scholars must develop a better understanding of mechanisms shaping policy effects. In this study, we use the case of a federal initiative allowing high school students to use the Pell Grant for dual enrollment to investigate how institutions’ capacities shaped policy efficacy. We find that colleges’ capacities for policy implementation depended on their pre-existing resources (“foundational capacity”), the resources to execute the policy given policy-induced constraints (“execution capacity”), and the resources to provide the target population with access to the policy (“provision capacity”). We contend that institutions that may benefit the most from equitable policies also have the least capacity to implement them.
Superintendent Turnover and Student Achievement: A Two-State Analysis
Authors: Redding Christopher , Carlo Steven M.
Published: January 2025

Increased public scrutiny has thrust school superintendents into the spotlight, possibly exacerbating their turnover. To better understand how superintendent turnover is associated with student achievement, we collected data on school superintendent turnover in Florida and Texas spanning 2009–10 to 2017–18 school years. We conducted an event study difference-in-differences analysis to examine the dynamic relationship between superintendent turnover and student achievement. Student achievement decreases in the years after a superintendent turns over, though this relationship is small in magnitude (−0.015 standard deviation units). Superintendent turnover is most detrimental in urban school districts, districts enrolling more students, and districts with more concentrated student poverty, though these negative relationships can be partially explained by instability in the district that led to the superintendent’s departure.
Contemporary Language Policy in Tanzania: Cui Prodest? Cui Bono?
Authors: Nikolskaya Mayya
Published: January 2025

Contemporary Tanzania is one of the few African countries where the population speaks the indigenous language of Kiswahili, with English playing a major role as one of the two official languages. The article explores the reasons for the language policy the country has employed since independence and the key factors that determine it. Analyzing the political functions of the two languages, the author comes to the conclusion that English is perceived mostly as a means of social mobility (status value) and promotion of Tanzania’s cultural and economic diplomacy abroad (foreign policy value), while Kiswahili serves as a tool for national self-identification, communication, political participation, and unification. At the same time, the country’s policy in this field sometimes appears inconsistent as far as the proportion of language choices is concerned, which is especially evident in education. In addition to the insufficient teaching qualifications and learning resources, a stakeholder analysis reveals that a significant part of the Tanzanian elite tends to resist or even sabotage Kiswahilization, viewing English as a gateway to better employment prospects and even a way to emigrate. This viewpoint is supported by the Anglophone countries, in particular the UK, which is interested in maintaining Tanzania within the sphere of its political and economic influence. However, as the Tanzanian government’s resolve to promote Kiswahili internationally seems to be gaining ground, it is unlikely to abandon the language in the public space over the medium term. In this regard, it would be appropriate for Russia to participate in joint programs and projects with Tanzania that involve the development of Kiswahili and its promotion in other African countries.
African Languages in the Digital Age: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Milto Anna
Published: January 2025

Review of the book: Makalela L., White G. (Eds.). (2021). Rethinking Language Use in Digital Africa. Technology and Communication in Sub-Saharan Africa. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 216 p.
In Search for African Self-Identity
Authors: Oluwakayode Olumide
Published: January 2025

Book review: Steyn M., Mpofu W. (Eds.). (2021). Decolonising the Human: Reflections from Africa on Difference and Oppression. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 264 p.
Freedom of the Mind: The Sine Qua Non of Sovereignty in Africa
Authors: Munene Macharia
Published: January 2025

This article examines the phenomenon of first the racially based European colonisation of Africa and second the subsequent effort to decolonise as a continuing undertaking. Colonisation, slavery in situ, was poverty creation. It delegitimised and denied sovereignty to Africans, sought to destroy African identity and ability to think and reason, and commoditised everything African. This was done using three instruments of ensuring ‘effective’ occupation in creating colonial states, namely the military, the administrators, and the missionaries.

Decolonisation was part of the African response to colonisation and came in phases as affected by levels of awareness, the times, and the place. Some people did not question, they simply succumbed, adjusted to, and accepted the new order as given. Others accepted the new order because they were defeated, but they continued to raise questions as to why they were defeated, as well as questions about the practice and the claims of the new order. Those who questioned became the anti-colonialists and were responsible for the different phases of decolonising the colonial states. They challenged the racial basis of colonialism but not necessarily the structures of the colonial states. In the midst of the Cold War, this led to efforts to nationalise other aspects of the colonial state, mainly through academic disciplines in order to inject something ‘African’ in each of them. It happened in literature, history, political science, philosophy, and theology, and they made people feel good, but the colonial structures remained, attention turned to challenging other varieties of colonialism. Subsequently, decolonisation became a post-colonial undertaking, a matter of the mind.
Rift-Induced Repositioning of Mantle Plumes Beneath the Indian Lithosphere: Implications for Deccan Volcanism
Authors: Ghosh Dip , Sen Joyjeet , Mandal Nibir
Published: January 2025

Indian craton comprises a number of old rifts, e.g., the Narmada, the Mahanadi and the Godavari rifts, which reactivated in multiple stages during the supercontinent breakup events. The latest reactivation of the Indian rift system occurred at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary when the Réunion plume interacted with the Indian plate, leading to the massive Deccan volcanism at 66 Ma. Although the plume-driven rift tectonics has been a subject of lively research over past decades, how a pre-existing rift system can modulate the plume dynamics, particularly in continental settings, remains inadequately explored. This study addresses this problem in the context of the Réunion plume encountering the Indian lithosphere. We develop 2D thermomechanical models to simulate plume-rift interactions, systematically investigating the modes of interactions as a function of plate velocity (Vp) and plume–rift (δ) distance. Our numerical experiments reveal that small δ (< 250 km) or high Vp (> 1cm/year) conditions redirect a large portion of the plume material towards the pre-existing rift, resulting in significant underplating and subsequent melting beneath the rift undergoing reactivation. Increasing δ or lowering of Vp weakens the plume-rift interaction, leaving the pre-existing rift zone almost passive, where the underplated plume materials stagnate beneath the lithosphere with little melting. The model results suggest that the Narmada rift, which was closer to the Réunion plume, caused significant deflection of the plume and its melting with Moho upwraping. In contrast, the Godavari rift, located at a larger distance from the plume, behaved passively, allowing underplating of the plume at the lithospheric base with no significant melting and Moho downwraping, as supported by geophysical observations. Finally, this study provides a new insight into the differential responses of the Indian rift system during the Reunion plume event.
Robustness Report: Preference for Chaudfontaine or Bias Towards the Preferred Option?
Authors: Sarafoglou Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This robustness report examines whether the difference in taste scores observed by Wagenmakers and Bartoš (2025) was driven by participants' expectations about which cup contained Chaudfontaine, and their pre-existing preference for mineral water over tap water. Using a linear regression model, we found that participants’ reported taste scores were indeed influenced by their pre-existing preference. However, participants still generally favored Chaudfontaine over Amsterdam tap water. These findings confirm the original conclusion, namely that people prefer Chaudfontaine over Amsterdam tap water, even when accounting for participants'
Time-Specific Digital Detox Interventions: Effects and Effectiveness Among College Students
Authors: King Dexter , Moon Kibum , Kushlev Kostadin
Published: January 2025

Smartphone overuse has been shown to negatively impact well-being. Digital detox interventions have been proposed as a method of curbing smartphone overuse; however, evidence is scant on the effectiveness of sustainable digital detox habits. The present study explores whether short, daily thirty-minute digital detox practices are effective in improving well-being. In a sample of 640 college students, we randomly assigned half to a control condition and the other half to one of three digital detox conditions: no use after waking up, no use before going to bed, and no use at a time of their choosing. In a daily diary design, we assessed participants’ daily affect over seven days while the manipulation lasted. Results indicated that participants found it difficult to comply even with such brief digital detox practices, and that there was no difference in daily affect between those who were assigned an intervention compared to the control group. However, when students successfully practiced digital detox before bed, they used their phones less and felt better the following day compared to control participants, and practicing digital detox in the morning more often was associated with better daily affect. Future research should examine how to help people practice digital detox more effectively, with a particular focus on curbing phone use at critical times of day, such as before and after sleep.
Fluctuations in Sustained Attention Modulate Learned Saccade Readiness
Authors: Sali Anthony , Shaver Madison P. , Toledo Anna B. , Torain Austin L. , Flicker Isabel N.
Published: January 2025

Individuals regularly fluctuate in their ability to focus attention as well as in their ability to spatially shift attention among different locations. However, the degree to which these ongoing changes in attentional states share common mechanisms or interact with one another remains unknown. In the current study, participants completed a modified gradual continuous performance task during which they monitored one of two lateralized streams of black and white images for the appearance of frequent target stimuli, withholding responses to foils. Periodically, a visual cue signaled participants to either maintain fixation at the current stream or to make a saccade to the opposing stream, and participants made a parity categorization for a digit appearing at the cued location. Trial-by-trial variation in pupil size, an indicator of arousal, accounted for both fluctuations in sustained attention and shift readiness but fluctuations in sustained attention were not associated with general modulations of shift readiness. Furthermore, we manipulated the frequency of attention shift cues over time and observed that unexpected shift cues were most disruptive, yielding longer saccade latencies, when participants lacked sustained focus. Our results suggest that ongoing changes in sustained attention occur independently from spatial shifting readiness but carry consequences for learned adjustments in saccade preparation.
Inferring mind wandering from perceptual decision making
Authors: Zhang Cathy , Kool Wouter
Published: January 2025

People need to sustain focused attention to achieve goals. Yet, attention often lapses, as minds wander towards task-unrelated thoughts. The conventional way to study temporal dynamics in mental states is through intermittent thought probes, which explicitly ask if thoughts are task-related. However, probes are rare and interrupt behavior. We designed a novel paradigm aiming to infer mind wandering (MW) from performance alone. On each trial, participants see a random dot kinematogram with varying evidence and indicate the coherent direction. Importantly, responses are repetitive: 90% of trials exhibit the same direction. To validate our task, participants respond to occasional thought probes. When they reported being off-task, accuracy was higher and response time (RT) was lower, suggesting less stimulus processing and more reliance on bias. To classify internal states for individual trials from performance, we fit a Hidden Markov Model with Generalized Linear Models (HMM-GLM) for each state to responses. In a two-state HMM-GLM, RT was lower on off-task trials. Latent states are also aligned with self-reported focus. This shows that attentional states can be measured on a trial-to-trial basis without thought probes, paving the way for future MW research.
Between carrying out an order and designing a model of society. Role and social position of “technology masters”
Authors: Joxe Ludovic
Published: January 2025

This article, in the form of a short essay, aims to discuss the evolution over the centuries of the role and social position of those mastering the technologies of their time. We suggest that the industrial revolution, the rationalization of technical and managerial processes, then the rise of IT, the ascent of cryptocurrencies and finally the emergence of the neo-liberal state have lifted a fringe of these individuals to the top of the social hierarchy. Among the “technology masters”, we distinguish three families: those who remain at the service of the State and the established order, those who have exploited, consciously or not, of the withdrawal of the neoliberal State to offer services and innovations formerly assumed by the public sector, and finally those who have consciously taken advantage of this same withdrawal and the recognition they enjoy in society to propose other models (free software, open source, cryptoanarchism, technical alternatives, etc.).
Study of Clinical and Mycological Patterns of Dermatophytosis and Sensitivity Pattern of Dermatophytes in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Shristi , Adhikari Ram Prasad , Joshi Smita , Bhandari Sajana , Pandey Ritu
Published: January 2025

One of the most common reasons for outpatient visits to the dermatology departments are superficial fungal infections. There has been an emergence of chronic and recalcitrant superficial fungal infections not responding to conventional antifungal agents in our parts of the world. This has become a significant public health issue where patients spend their money first on over-the-counter topical Fixed Drug Combination (FDC) creams containing steroid and then on visiting numerous physicians and dermatologists due to the recalcitrant nature of infection. One of the ways of overcoming this problem would be to identify the causative agents and determine their sensitivity patterns to the common antifungal agents. This study, therefore, aims to counter this significant public health problem by providing information on identification of these dermatophytes and their sensitivity patterns to the routinely used antifungal agents. The results of this descriptive cross-sectional study done at Dermatology Department of Nepal Medical College in Kathmandu will provide a base for formulating new guidelines on the management of these conditions. The patients diagnosed to have dermatophytosis were registered by dermatologist. Skin scraping was taken from the rim of the skin lesion and further processed for potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear examination, culture and sensitivity test. Out of total 274 patients 150 were male and 124 were female. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 20 to 40 years. Tinea corporis was the commonest followed by tinea unguim, tinea pedis and cruris. KOH smear was positive in 60.94% and culture was positive in 47.4%. Trichophyton spp. was commonest (35.40%) followed by Microsporum spp. (7.67%) among the isolates. In Trichopyton spp. the mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of itraconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin and fluconazole was 0.25, 0.26, 0.32, 2.28 and 5.957μg/ml, respectively. In Microsporum spp., MIC of itraconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin and fluconazole was 0.41, 0.9, 0.05, 0.4 and 25.7μg/ml, respectively. Trichophyton spp. is the commonest causative agent of dermatophytosis in our part of the world. MIC of commonly used antifungal drugs like itraconazole and terbinafine are low which signifies that these fungi are still susceptible to these drugs. However, the MIC of fluconazole is high compared to other antifungal drugs.
Role of Ureteric DJ Stenting Following Ureteroscopic Removal of Stone with Pneumatic Lithoclast for Mid and Lower Ureter Stones
Authors: Ansari Wesh , Dhakal Prakrit , Bogati Ananya Singh
Published: January 2025

It is traditional way to place DJ stent following ureteroscopic removal of stones (Ureterorenoscopy lithotripsy). DJ stenting prevents formation of stricture in ureter and has a protective function on kidney/ ureter. However use of DJ stent can result in pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). There is no consensus on placing a ureteral catheter after uncomplicated ureteroscopy and it is still controversial. A cross sectional observational study was conducted in Urology Department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Attarkhel, Kathmandu from 1st January 2024 to 31st July 2024. The purpose of this study was to see the role of DJ stenting in patients undergoing intra- corporeal pneumatic lithotripsy for mid and distal ureteric stone. Along with VAS SCORE (Pain) post-operative, need for analgesic, stone clearance and complications following pneumatic lithotripsy. A total 64 patients were included in our study. They were randomly allocated to two groups; A and B. Group A included all patients with DJ stent (6 FR) and group B include patients without DJ stents. Post-operative care was carried out for about 24 to 48 hours. Oral analgesic 50 mg Diclofenac was given as per need. All the patients were followed up at the interval of week 1st, 4th, 8th and 12 th week. The outcomes were measured on the basis of postoperative pain, analgesic dose and stone clearance at the end of the study. Mean of post-operative pain at 12th week was 5.93 in group A and 1.06 in group B. Stone clearance in group A was 81.3%, and group B was 75%. Use of additional analgesia in group A shows 34.4% and 18.8% in group B, P value was 0.157.
Self confidence levels and perception of interns regarding endodontic treatment in different dental colleges of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Rojin , Gautam Suman , Joshi Barsha
Published: January 2025

Endodontic treatment could be considered as one of the most difficult dental procedures in the field of dentistry. It is a sensitive and delicate procedure and its success depends upon multiple steps. Interns may face several obstacles while performing endodontic treatment on the patients. After completion of internship the graduates will be handling cases on their own. Hence, this study was done to know the difficulties faced by interns while performing a root canal treatment. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on 230 interns. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic details, participants self confidence levels to treat various endodontic procedures, different steps of endodontic treatment as well as to treat different types of teeth, perception of endodontics in terms of difficulty, the most common mishaps encountered during their practice. The participants used a five-point Likert scoring system to indicate their level of confidence as follows: 1= not at all confident, 2= not very confident, 3= neutral, 4= confident, 5= very confident. Descriptive statistics was calculated. They were confident in taking history, diagnosis, injecting local anesthesia, endodontic cavity preparation, radiographic working length determination, shaping root canal with hand files and irrigation. They were neutral on performing root canal treatment on maxillary and mandibular molar. They weren’t very confident in treating tooth resorption and immature apices. They would refer cases to specialist in future and would choose to specialize in endodontics in future. The most common mishap was overestimation and underestimation of working length.
Impact of Working Capital Policy on Profitability : A Study of Nepal's Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Gautam Tara Prasad , Mishra Anjay Kumar
Published: January 2025

Effective working capital management (WCM) is crucial for assessing an organization's performance. An optimal WCM approach is expected to enhance profitability and contribute to overall company value. This study also examines the influence of working capital policy alongside control variables such as business growth, firm size, and debt on profitability. This research aims to investigate the relationship between working capital policies and business profitability within three public cement industries in Nepal: Hetauda Cement Limited, Shivam Cement Limited, and Udayapur Cement Limited. The profitability of the selected firms is measured using market and accounting metrics, specifically Net Operating Profitability (NOP), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Assets (ROA). The study employs the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method to evaluate the research hypothesis. Data is collected from the Nepal Stock Exchange for the period between 2011 and 2020.The results indicate that working capital policies have a significant negative impact on the profitability of the firms studied. The findings underscore the importance of effective working capital management in enhancing profitability within Nepal's cement industry, suggesting that firms must optimize their working capital policies to improve financial performance.
कुमारी आमा उपन्यासमा नारीसङ्केन्द्रण
Authors: अर्याल डा. अम्बिका
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा नारीवादी समाख्यानशास्त्रको मूल अवधारणा नारीसङ्केन्द्रणलाई आधार मानी अनुपम रोशीको ‘कुमारी आमा’ उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा नारीसङ्केन्द्रणको स्थिति केकस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक समस्याको निरूपण गर्ने लक्ष्य यस लेखको रहेको छ । यस क्रममा विवेच्य उपन्यासको विश्लेषणका लागि रिमोन केनन र मिकी बलका अवधारणालाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार मानिएको हुनाले यो लेख निगमनात्मक प्रवृत्तिको बनेको छ । पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको प्रयोग गरिएको यो लेख गुणात्मक प्रवृत्तिको बन्न पुगेको छ । रोशीको प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा समाख्याता तथा चरित्रसङ्केन्द्रकका रूपमा नारीको उपस्थिति भएका हुनाले नारीका विचार, भावना, संवेग, स्वभाव, क्रियाकलाप यथार्थ रूपमा प्रस्तुत हुनाका साथै नारीमाथि गरिने विभेदको विरोध एवम् स्वतन्त्र अस्तित्व र पहिचानको खोजीसम्बन्धी सचेतना सङ्केन्द्रीकृत हुनमा थप टेवा पुगेको निष्कर्ष यस लेखले निकालेको छ । नारीमाथि गरिने पितृसत्तात्मक विभेद, लैङ्गिक विभेदको विरोध एवम् स्वतन्त्र अस्तित्व र पहिचानको खोजी जस्ता विषयलाई प्राथमिकता दिने समाख्याता तथा चरित्रसङ्केन्द्रकको उपस्थितिले उपन्यासलाई नारीवादी बनाएको निष्कर्ष समेत यसमा निकालिएको छ । यस्तै प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा नारीचरित्रसङ्केन्द्रककै माध्यमबाट नारीका हकहितसम्बन्धी धारणा व्यक्त गरिएको हुनाले नारीदमनको विरोध तथा अस्तित्वको खोजीसम्बन्धी नारीवादी चेतना स्वाभाविक एवम् वास्तविक बनेको निष्कर्ष समेत यस अध्ययनको रहेको छ ।
सामुदायिक विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षकहरू बिच पारस्परिक सम्बन्ध
Authors: श्रेष्ठ चन्द्रबहादुर
Published: January 2025

यस लेख सामुदायिक विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षक बीचको सम्बन्धको अवस्था पहिचान गर्ने उद्धेश्यमा केन्द्रीत भई गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा तयार गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि काठमाडौँ जिल्लाको तारकेश्वर नगरपालिका अन्र्तगत १० वटा सामुदायीक विद्यालयका १० प्र.अ. उद्धेश्यमुलक नमुना छनोट विधिबाट र प्रत्येक विद्यालयबाट २ जनाका दरले शिक्षक २० जना एवम् प्रत्येक विद्यालयबाट १० जनाका दरले १०० जना छात्र छात्रा रोल नम्बरका आधारमा चिठ्ठा वनाई छनोट गरिएको छ । साथै प्रत्येक विद्यालयबाट १जना वि.व्य.स. उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधिबाट गरी जम्मा १० जना वि.व्या स. लाई यस अध्ययनमा सहभागीका रुपमा लिइएको छ । छनोटमा परेका विद्यालयहरूको स्थलगत भ्रमण गरी प्रश्नावली फारम र अन्तर्वार्ता गरी आवश्यक तथ्यहरु लिएको छ । प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कलाई तालिकीकरण गरी वर्णनात्मक ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरी व्याख्या र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका आधारमा प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षकहरु विचमा मित्रवत सम्बन्ध रहेको पाइयो । विद्यालयमा प्रजातान्त्रिक, सहभागितामूलक कार्यवातावरण रहेको छ भन्ने भनाई बहुसंख्यक प्रधानाध्यापक तथा शिक्षकहरूमा रहेको पाइयो । प्रधानाध्यापकको व्यवहारमा सहमत हुनेहरु ८६ %, राम्रो व्यवहार नभएको असहमत १४ % पाइयो । प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षक बीच खासै समस्या नभएको ७५% पाइयो । प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षक बीच समयमा अन्तरक्रिया, सूचना, समन्वय, नहुँदा विश्वासको कमीले गर्दा समस्या हुने गरेको भन्नेहरुमा ५%, नीति नियम खोज्दा मनमुटावको समस्या १५% र उत्प्रेरित पृष्ठपोषण नहुदा मित्रवत सम्बन्धको समस्या ५% पाइयो । बालमैत्री सम्बन्ध ८५%, सूचना व्यवस्थापन प्रवाहको सम्बन्ध ८० प्रतिशत भनौँ उच्च पाइयो । शैक्षिक एवम भौतिक अवस्थामा भने सुधार पाइयो ।
पीताम्बर नेपालीका कवितामा प्रगतिवादी चेतना
Authors: ढकाल डा. रजनी
Published: January 2025

पीताम्बर ‘नेपाली’ प्रगतिवादी स्रष्टा हुन् । राष्ट्रवादी स्वरसमेतका उपस्थितिबाट निर्मित प्रगतिवादी चेतनालाई उनका पेटको राँको र सिमानाको गीत कवितासङ्ग्रहका कविताले सशक्त रूपमा मुखरित गरेका छन् र त्यस प्रगतिवादी चेतनाका व्यापक फलकभित्र जन्मभूमिप्रतिको सचेत जागरुकता, सामाजिक थिचोमिचो र दमनका विरुद्धको चेतना र आफ्नो देशको सिमानाका बारेमा चिन्ता र चासोका सन्दर्भहरू विशेष रूपले प्रकट भएका छन् । यसै विशेषतालाई दृष्टिगत गरी प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा प्रगतिवादी चेतनालाई आधार बनाएर पीताम्बर नेपालीका कवितामा प्रकट भएको वैचारिकीको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कविका चिन्तनलाई प्रगतिवादका आलोकमा हेरिएको भए पनि कविताको विश्लेषणमा आगमनात्मक तर्कपद्धतिसमेतको उपयोग गर्दै निष्कर्ष निकाल्ने काम भएको छ । सिमानाको गीत सङ्ग्रहमा कविले नेपाली भूमिमाथिको निरन्तर अतिक्रमणको विरोध गर्नुका साथै समयसमयमा नेपालका अनेक नाकामा भारतबाट भइरहेका त्यस्ता सीमा अतिक्रमणका वास्तविक तथ्य प्रस्तुत गरी हरेक राष्ट्रवादीलाई सचेत हुन आग्रह गरेका छन् । पेटको राँको कवितासङ्ग्रहमा सर्वहारा तथा सीमान्तीकृत समुदायका पक्षमा कवि नेपालीको प्रगतिवादी आवाज मुखरित भएको छ । यसरी प्रस्तुत अध्ययनबाट पीताम्बर नेपाली राष्ट्र, संस्कृति, प्रकृति तथा स्वाधीनताप्रति प्रतिबद्ध हुँदै यथास्थितिका विरुद्ध दृढ प्रगतिवादी चेतना प्रकट गर्ने कवि हुन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Stavovi o smislu života nakon potresa i pandemije u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Aladrović Slovaček Katarina , Ivanković Melita
Published: January 2025

Smisao života pitanje je koje si postavlja svaki čovjek neovisno o životnim okolnostima, posebno u izazovno doba, kao što je pandemija Covid–19, koja je zahvatila cijeli svijet. Pitanje o smislu života istovremeno je filozofski i psihološki konstrukt koji je prema egzistencijalnoj i pozitivnoj psihologiji važan čimbenik u ljudskom postojanju. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio ispitati stavove hrvatskih građana o smislu života u izazovno doba, odnosno nakon potresa i pandemije. Upitnik o stavovima prema smislu života za potrebe ovoga istraživanja dopunjen je, te je u njemu sudjelovao 471 ispitanik.
Features of adaptation of the bioenergetics system of the organism of young athletes to physical loads
Authors: Balamutova N. , Sheyko L. , Klimakova S. , Riadynska I.
Published: January 2025

Training of young athletes in modern conditions is characterized by the use of increased volumes and high intensity of training loads. The educational and training process in various sports involves the use of various schemes and approaches to training. The article identifies the physiological mechanisms of reactions of the body of young athletes to the muscular activity of the main energy systems. Such an approach is necessary for the scientific support of planning training programs at different stages of preparation. The study involved young athletes specializing in swimming and water polo. As part of the natural training process, a three-stage comprehensive examination was carried out for each specialization. The aim of the work was to identify individual adaptations of the athlete's body to physical exertion. As a result of the study, it was found that swimmers and water polo players demonstrate certain differences in the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply during intense muscle work. This is explained by differences in the focus of the training process and the specifics of their motor activity. Analysis of the study results revealed four main options for individual adaptation of the body of young athletes to physical exertion. This approach allowed for adjustments to individual training plans.
Organization and condust of physical education and special physical training of service members in the armed forces of Spain at the present stage
Authors: Demchenko Yaroslav , Kondratyuk Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

This article is dedicated to the organization and conduct of physical education and special physical training of service members in the Armed Forces of Spain at the present stage, as well as the possibilities of adapting this experience for the Ukrainian Armed Forces. The article analyzes the main methodologies and approaches used in Spain, compares the physical training systems in both countries, and provides recommendations for implementing effective elements of the Spanish system in Ukrainian military practice. The implementation of these methodologies can contribute to improving the level of physical training of Ukrainian service members and enhancing their combat readiness.
The organization of physical education and special physical training of service members in the Armed Forces of Spain at the present stage is based on high requirements for the physical readiness of personnel, which is a necessary condition for the effective execution of combat tasks and ensuring national security. Service members undergo specialized physical training that includes various training programs developed considering the requirements of military service and the soldiers' physical capabilities. The primary focus is on developing endurance, strength, speed, coordination, and flexibility, which are essential for performing physically demanding tasks in combat conditions. The Spanish military education system actively uses modern methods and technical means to monitor and assess the physical condition of service members, allowing for an individual approach to each soldier and ensuring the most effective training depending on their needs.
Main aspects of interaction of a sportsman with the social environment in the context of his social adaptation
Authors: Pryimak Mariia
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to the analysis of key aspects that influence the social adaptation of athletes in a dynamic sports environment. According to the article, an important condition for successful adaptation is the availability of support from coaches, family and social environment. Such an environment not only helps to maintain emotional balance, but also motivates to achieve new life and professional goals. The article describes how social support, in particular from coaches, helps athletes effectively cope with the difficulties that arise on their professional path. In addition, the article discusses how the ability to establish and maintain positive interpersonal relationships is an important indicator of an athlete's level of social adaptability.
The results of the review of the state of research on this topic emphasize the importance of social adaptability not only for athletes' sports careers, but also for their overall well-being. A harmonious balance between sports activities and personal life contributes to the formation of long-term life goals and the development of qualities necessary for successful inclusion in new life situations. The authors emphasize the need for further research to focus on a deeper analysis of the specifics of athletes' adaptation processes in various sports, in particular, taking into account the characteristics of team and individual disciplines, the level of professional training and training conditions. Another important area is the development of individualized psychological assistance programs that would take into account the unique characteristics of athletes.
Implementasi Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila sebagai Upaya Penguatan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Peserta Didik (Studi Multi Situs di SMAN 1 Kelumpang Hilir dan SMAN 2 Kotabaru)
Authors: Wisnanda Bayu , Suriansyah Suriansyah , Metroyadi Metroyadi
Published: January 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam membentuk karakter peduli lingkungan peserta didik di SMAN 1 Kelumpang Hilir dan SMAN 2 Kotabaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multi situs dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala sekolah, guru, dan tenaga kependidikan, dan Komite. Analisis data menggunakan Metode Triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Program Projek Penguatan Profil pelajar Pancasila sebagai Upaya penguatan karakter dikedua sekolah diterapkan dengan (1). Strategi Pelaksanaan Program meliputi Integrasi Visi dan Misi dengan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dan kepedulian Lingkungan, Integrasi Mata pelajaran dengan Nilai-nilai Pancasila dan kepedulian Lingkungan, Mengoptimalkan Sumber Daya sekolah dalam Menyusun Program dan Melaksanakannya dalam bentuk Program berbasis Lingkungan, (2). Strategi Pemberdayaan guru meliputi Peran Guru dalam proses pelaksanaan program dan proses pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia yang dilakukan sekolah untuk meningkatkan profesionalitas guru dalam mendukung pelaksanaan Program, (3). Strategi pemanfaatan Lingkungan dilakukan dengan tahapan Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Alam Lokal, perilaku Menajga Kelestarian Lingkungan dan Optimalisasi Peran dan Fungsi Kelompok Adiwiyata, Kemudian yang terakhir (4) Kemitraan dilakukan dengan merumuskan Jenis kemitraan dan Peran Kemitraan dalam mendukung pelaksanaan Implementasi P5 Disekolah.
 
Kata Kunci : Karakter Peduli Lingkungan, Program Projek Penguatan Profil pelajar Pancasila, Sekolah Menengah Atas
Pendekatan Teori-Teori Belajar untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Febriansyah Rizki , Nurlaili Nurlaili
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pendekatan teori-teori belajar, yaitu behaviorisme, kognitivisme, konstruktivisme, dan humanisme, dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam Pendidikan Islam, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang yang ada dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus yang berfokus pada beberapa lembaga pendidikan Islam yang menerapkan teori-teori belajar dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lembaga pendidikan Islam di Kota Bengkulu. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari guru dan peserta didik di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menerapkan teori-teori belajar seperti behaviorisme, kognitivisme, konstruktivisme, dan humanisme secara signifikan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di institusi pendidikan Islam. Namun, untuk memaksimalkan penerapan teori-teori ini, diperlukan upaya lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi masalah saat ini, seperti kesiapan guru dan waktu yang terbatas.
 
Kata Kunci: Teori Belajar, Behaviorisme, Kognitivisme, Konstruktivisme, Humanisme, Pendidikan Islam, Efektivitas Pembelajaran