bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical rationale for the importance of assessing estradiol levels in men with hypogonadism syndrome during therapy to stabilize testosterone level.
Authors:   the urology and andrology clinic of A-MED LLC, Valvachev A.A. ,   Moscow, Russia, Pranovich A.A. ,   short-term surgical care department, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2024

Introduction. A significant reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men is the increased activity of the aromatase enzyme in overweight and obese patients, when under its influence estrogens are converted from androgens (the transition of testosterone to estradiol) mainly in adipose tissue, leading to an increase in estradiol levels. That is, with exogenous administration of testosterone, estradiol becomes overabundant, thereby the positive effects of TRT are weakened and even often leveled, dangerous side effects of hyperestradiolemia appear, that is, without careful monitoring and normalization of estradiol levels, the effectiveness of TRT turns out to be low, and the side effect of therapy, due to high estrogens, on the body is high. The aim of research was to increase the effectiveness of testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism in obese patients. Material and methods. A two-center prospective study was conducted to study TRT for hypogonadism. The results of examination and treatment of 106 men aged 35-59 years (average age 45.9±7.2 years) with hypogonadism syndrome, who were prescribed TRT Omnadren 250 mg 1 ml/m, were analyzed. The levels of total testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin were monitored 48 hours after injection (Omnadren pharmacokinetics: Cmax of testosterone in blood plasma occurs within 24-48 hours), as well as level of hormones on day 10 with Aging Male Screening (AMS) control. Results. In patients with TRT, on the second day after 48 hours, as well as after 10 days inclusive, an increase in testosterone and estradiol was statistically significant (p<0.01), but in overweight and obese individuals, the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol was significantly higher than in patients with normal body mass index (BMI), with at the same time, according to the scores of the AMS questionnaire, there was an improvement clinically, however, in patients with obesity it was clinically less significant due to significantly increased level of estradiol at the time of treatment. Conclusions. It was found that patients with increased BMI have worse treatment results with elevated estradiol, which requires monitoring of estradiol starting from 2-3 days and later on day 10 in order to titrate the frequency of injections of testosterone preparations and correct the level of estradiol to physiological ones.
Complications and urinary disorders after surgical treatment of BPH by laser enucleation.
Authors:   the Department of Urology and Andrology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Head of the University Urology Clinic of N.I. Pirogov RNRMU, Kotov S.V. ,   Moscow, Russia, Bogdanov D.A. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology of the RSMU named after N.I. Pirogov, urologist of the Urological Department of GBUZ MMCC Kommunarka DZM; Moscow, Russia, Yusufov A.G. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology of the RSMU named after N.I. Pirogov; urologist, Head of the Department of Urology of GBUZ «MMCC Kommunarka DZM»; Moscow, Russia, Guspanov R.I. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology of the RSMU named after N.I. Pirogov, urologist of the urological department of the GBUZ «GKB No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov DZM», oncologist of the 4th oncological department (oncourology) GBUZ «MMCC Kommunarka DZM»; Moscow, Russia, Mamaev I.E. ,   the Department of Urology and Andrology of the RSMU named after N.I. Pirogov, urologist, Head of the Department of Urology of «GKB named after V.M. Buyanov»; Moscow, Russiа
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men, manifested by symptoms of the lower urinary tract. Drug treatment of BPH often allows you to delay or even avoid performing surgery. Laser endoscopic enucleation, which shows excellent functional results regardless of the patient's age and prostate volume, can be considered the modern «gold standard» of surgical treatment of BPH. However, complications and urinary disorders after surgical treatment are also inherent in this method. The purpose of this article was to systematize information on the quality of urination and the preservation of symptoms of the lower urinary tract in patients after endoscopic enucleation of BPH. Materials and methods. The literature review was compiled from analyzed materials from three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, eLibrary), focusing on the following keywords: «laser enucleation», «lower urinary tract symptoms», «complications after enucleation of prostate». Results. The obtained results of many studies allow us to state the existence of a new «gold standard» of surgical treatment of BPH and to consider the possibility of introducing HoLEP into the standards of medical care for urological patients with BPH. In the postoperative period, long-term monitoring of patients is necessary. Currently, there are no clear standards for the necessary examinations and the timing of their implementation in the postoperative period. Conclusion. Laser enucleation is a reliable method of surgical treatment of LUTS due to BPH.
Bread Production in Gastronomy Schools: A Study on Supply Chain Management
Authors: ÜNAL Faruk , ÇALIŞKAN Serkan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma, özellikle gastronomi eğitimi veren Türkiye'deki meslek liselerinde mevcut ekmek üretim sistemlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ekmek, COVID-19 salgını, deprem ve sel gibi kriz dönemlerinde temel bir gıda kaynağıdır. Bu
tür dönemlerde alternatif üretim yöntemlerine duyulan ihtiyaç ve öğrencilere ekmek üretimi konusunda eğitim vermek amacıyla meslek okullarında altyapı oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma, bu okullarda ekmek üretiminin tedarik zinciri yönetim
sürecini inceleyerek, ekmek üretimine başlamayı planlayan diğer okullara rehberlik etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak bir olgu bilim deseni şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma grubu, ekmek üretimi
yapan okullarda görevli okul müdürü, müdür yardımcısı, bölüm şefi, atölye yöneticisi ve öğretmenlerden oluşan 29 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmış ve betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular, 2020 yılından sonra okullar bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren ekmek fırınlarının sayısında önemli bir artış olduğunu göstermektedir. Amaç, özel sektörle rekabet etmek değil, kurum içi ihtiyaçları karşılamaktır. Çalışma, meslek
liselerindeki başarılı ekmek üretim uygulamalarının diğer kurumlara örnek olabileceğini ve sektördeki nitelikli iş gücü açığını gidermeye katkı sağlayabileceğini önermektedir. Ayrıca, yükseköğretim kurumlarının da benzer modelleri
benimsemesi tavsiye edilmektedir.
Kinesiology Tape Application for Postoperative Ocular Edema: A Pilot Study
Authors: D. Wood Nicole , Glenn Abbey
Published: November 2024

Occupational therapists (OTs) often adapt and implement specific treatment techniques and modalities to improve patient outcomes by improving patient positioning and reducing edema and pain. One such modality is the use of kinesiology tape (K-tape), an elastic therapeutic tape that alleviates pain, provides joint support, and manages edema. A pilot study was conducted with 20 patients to determine whether using K-tape after two specific neurosurgery procedures that cause occluded eyes would assist in reducing postoperative edema and ecchymosis in the operative-side eye and face, thereby reducing pain and increasing overall patient satisfaction. In 10 patients, K-tape was used in addition to the postoperative standard of care (cryotherapy and head-of-bed elevation to greater than 30°). The 10 control patients received only the standard of care. Patient surveys and OT documentation found that using K-tape for postoperative patients with ocular edema was more beneficial than the standard of care alone in assisting with edema and hematoma reduction and faster eye-opening. Patients completed verbal surveys up to three times during their stay, depending on length of stay. Patients tolerated this easy, cost-effective modality. Patients reported reduced pain, pressure, and swelling, which suggests that K-tape be considered by OTs as an additional modality in acute care.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Berbantuan Media Animasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Materi Fluida Dinamis
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Ardhuha Jannatin , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Hikmawati Hikmawati
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berbantuan media animasi terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida dinamis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMAN 7 Mataram yang berjumlah 214 orang dan terbagi ke dalam enam kelas. Sampel penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 6 yang berjumlah 29 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 5 yang berjumlah 26 sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes tulis berupa soal pilihan ganda berjumlah 19 soal yang sudah lulus uji instrumen. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan behwa nilai rata-rata kelas XI MIPA 6 yaitu 70,0 dan nilai rata-rata kelas XI MIPA 5 yaitu 58,8. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan kedua kelas homogen dan data terdistribusi normal. Menggunakan rumus t-test polled varians diperoleh  sebesar 2,2 dan  sebesar 2.0, sehingga  lebih besar dari , maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengeruh model pembeljaran berbasis masalah berbantuan media animasi terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida dinamis.
Pelaksanaan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar (Studi Kasus di Kelas IVA SDN 32 Cakranegara)
Authors: Samitri Hilda Mita , Sudirman Sudirman , Angga Prayogi Dwina
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada tema gaya hidup berkelanjutan di kelas IVA SDN 32 Cakranegara. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, data display (penyajian data) dan conclusion drawing and verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila ini ada beberapa aspek yang sudah terlaksana yaitu memahami  P5, menyiapkan ekosistem sekolah, dan desain P5. Dalam pelaksanaan projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila ini memiliki beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pengenalan, tahap kontekstual, tahap aksi, dan penutup yaitu melaksanakan gelar karya. Evaluasi projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila yaitu melakukan evaluasi proses melalui pengamatan selama kegiatan P5 berlangsung dan guru sudah membuat rapor projek pada akhir tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Didapatkan kesimpulan melalui analisis peneliti terhadap projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila pada tema gaya hidup berkelanjutan di kelas IVA SDN 32 Cakranegara sudah terlaksana dan berjalan akan tetapi belum optimal sesuai dengan panduan P5 dikarenakan terdapat beberapa hal atau tahapan yang tidak dilakukan sesuai dengan panduan P5 dari Kemendikbudristek.
VIDAS SECAS: A VALORIZAÇÃO DA REGIONALIDADE ATRAVÉS DE PERSPECTIVA LINGUÍSTICO-LITERÁRIA
Authors:   , MATOS JONATHAS DA SILVA
Published: November 2024

A presente monografia tem por objetivo fulcral analisar e valorizar os mecanismos linguísticos regionais utilizados pelo autor Graciliano ramos na sua obra Vidas Secas. O romance Vidas Secas de Graciliano Ramos possui em sua essência características do nordeste brasileiro, características vivas da realidade do sertanejo. Em sua temática central a obra traz o conceito da vida nordestina, o sofrimento constituído por um cenário precário, típico do sertão. Justamente nessa obra se encontra a característica da humanização. Graciliano Ramos, como ninguém, descreveu uma realidade amarga, seca, triste e pautada na condição do ser humano, nordestino e pobre, como um bicho. Atrelar o ensino de Língua Portuguesa com a Literatura concisa é algo que deixa muitos docentes inquietos. De fato ao decorrer deste trabalho foi salientada teoria e análise que entram em contraponto com essa inquietação. É essencial e de extrema relevância para a sociedade o uso da literatura, não somente como repasse de informações, mas como repasse de cultura, extraindo valores e cooperação na agregação de conhecimento.
Dynamic load balancing and smart grid integration of fast-charging stations: A machine learning approach
Authors: Prakash Kumbar
Published: November 2024

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has created unprecedented challenges for power grid infrastructure, particularly in managing the high-power demands of fast-charging stations. This research presents a novel approach to dynamic load balancing in EV fast-charging stations through machine learning integration with smart grid systems. The study develops and validates a predictive model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting algorithms to optimize power distribution while maintaining grid stability. Using real-world data collected from 50 fast-charging stations across urban and suburban locations over a 12-month period, our proposed system demonstrates significant improvements over traditional methods. The results show a 27% improvement in load distribution efficiency and a 15% reduction in peak demand. Furthermore, the system achieves 92% accuracy in demand prediction and reduces charging waiting times by 8%. Grid stability metrics also improved substantially, with a 30% reduction in voltage fluctuations and a 20% improvement in power factor. The economic impact analysis reveals a 23% reduction in operational costs and a 35% improvement in energy utilization. The system's integration with smart grid infrastructure demonstrates robust scalability and adaptability to varying demand patterns. These findings suggest that machine learning-based load balancing can significantly enhance the reliability and efficiency of EV charging infrastructure while supporting grid stability. The proposed approach provides a promising foundation for future developments in smart charging systems, particularly in the context of increasing EV adoption rates and the growing need for sustainable transportation infrastructure.
The impact of E-commerce giants on SMEs: Challenges, opportunities, and the fight for survival in the digital economy
Authors: Adeola N. Raji  , Abiola O. Olawore  , Deborah Osahor
Published: November 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) have not been spared by the drastic changes that the surge of online marketplaces has brought to the business environment. The development in online markets places severe challenges as well as opportunities for the small business as the dominant online retail market is controlled by massive e-commerce companies. Its findings unveil the complexity of nature between today’s giants of the digital economy and e-commerce and SMEs. The present review is predominantly based on the material that was published in the subjects within the last five years, including academic journals, company reports, and economic statistics. Employing this methodology, market forces, technology advancement and its implications on the economic relationship between the established e-commerce marketplace giants and SMEs are evaluated. As mentioned in the study, new opportunities are opening up and these conventional business models are likely to be broken due to the shifting dynamics between these e-commerce giants and SMEs. A pressing challenge familiar to many SMEs is great competition, although previous studies showed that, with the help of digitalization, organizations can develop new growth and development prospects. Some of the key issues amplifying success or failure of SMEs in the digital marketplace are as follows Technological readiness Strategic positioning Ability to harness platform ecosystems. The research confirms that effective policies are needed to maintain the competition combined with the opportunities to grow SMEs in the digital economy. As a result, one of the most important challenges is to determine how SMEs can use the opportunities offered by large e-commerce platforms while avoiding the loss of their own brand and clientele. This research underlines the crucial need of the synergistic approach to the online marketplace and the long-term partnership between the giant e-commerce platforms and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). From this study, we can therefore argue that SMEs are equally capable of thriving and can even survive the current digital business environment by being availed with the right tools and support.
Healthcare data recovery through cloud-based solutions in Ghana: A path forward for developing countries
Authors: Isaac Koranteng Baffoe  , Dominic Opoku  , Emmanuel Boateng Antwi  , Bright Darko Amoah  , Emmanuel Appiah  , Eric Aggrey
Published: November 2024

In the digital age, ensuring effective healthcare data recovery is essential for maintaining patient care continuity and healthcare operations. This study explores the implementation of cloud-based solutions for data recovery in Ghana's healthcare sector, assessing current practices, adoption levels, and associated challenges. A cross-sectional design was used, sampling 300 healthcare IT professionals, administrators, and government officials across five regions. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that 60% of healthcare institutions had adopted cloud-based solutions, with Greater Accra (81.25%) and Ashanti (71.43%) regions showing the highest adoption rates. Teaching hospitals reported a higher adoption (88.89%) compared to district health facilities (47.62%). Participants rated the effectiveness of cloud-based solutions highly, with 41.7% considering them "highly effective." However, key challenges included inadequate infrastructure (55%), lack of trained personnel (40%), and data security concerns (30%). In conclusion, cloud-based solutions are increasingly adopted in Ghana's healthcare sector, offering significant benefits like improved data accessibility (75%) and enhanced security (60%). However, infrastructure and capacity-building efforts are needed to optimize these systems.
An in-silico approach to target Breast cancer with novel phytochemicals
Authors: Deepika Dwivedi  , Ishani Krishnawat  , Meenakshi Sharma
Published: November 2024

Aging leads to the manifestation of various diseases. Cancer being one of the major illness that is associated with the age. Breast cancer is still a relatively global health concern as the leading cancer cause of death among women. The current study also utilizes an in-silico approach to discover and characterize new phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents to breast cancer. Here, we explore the molecular basis driving the makeup of breast cancer, with an emphasis on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, a well-known signaling cascade implicated in cell growth and therapy response. Two candidates (Thalidasine (-8.80 Kcal/mol) and 7-Epiclusianone (-8.62 Kcal/mol)) were found to be promising leads displaying high binding affinity and therapeutic potential through screening a diverse library of phytochemicals against key breast cancer target proteins. These phytochemicals exhibit diverse antineoplastic effects as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis inhibitors, and/or as inducers of apoptosis. Besides, their ability to specifically target breast cancer stem cells and to increase sensitivity to traditional therapies make them an appealing option for breast cancer adjuvant therapy. Taken together our data suggest that these phytochemicals should be further studied alone and in novel nano formulations that enhance bioavailability and reduce toxicity. This study adds to the evidence for the potential role of natural products in breast cancer and the role of lifestyle in cancer prevention.
Structural Brain Characteristics of Chronic Schizophrenia Patients with Different Types of Functional Outcome
Authors: Tomyshev A. S. , Golubev S. A. , Dudina A. N. , Bozhko O. V. , Tikhonov D. V. , Kaleda V. G. , Lebedeva I. S.
Published: November 2024

Background: studies allowing to explore the neurobiological characteristics of the long-term schizophrenic process are of high significance for both clinical practice and biological psychiatry. Objective: to examine morphometric brain characteristics in chronic schizophrenia patients with different types of functional outcomes. Patients and methods: morphometric MRI characteristics of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures are analysed in 46 patients with schizophrenia with a long disease durations (20.5 ± 6.7 years), and in 35 mentally healthy subjects matched by sex and age. Results and discussion: the whole group of patients showed decreased gray matter thickness in some cerebral cortex regions. When outcome was assessed using clinical-psychopathologic, clinical-catamnestic, and clinical-epidemiologic methods, bilateral increases in pallidum and putamen volumes were found to be a presumptive marker of worse functional outcome and remission poor quality. At the same time, when outcome was assessed on the basis of the current psychometric measures of social functioning and clinical symptomatology, patients with an unfavorable outcome were characterized by decreased gray matter thickness in the two cingulate cortex regions compared to both healthy controls and patients with a good outcome. However, the absence of correlations with clinical scales and functioning doesn’t allow a conclusion on the specificity of this decrease as a marker of outcome. Conclusion: the results may only presume beforehand the existence of different neuroanatomical subtypes (biotypes) associated with different functional outcomes in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Cariprazine in Hospital Treatment of Acute Psychotic Conditions Due to Comorbid Schizophrenia and Chemical Addictions
Authors: Selivanov G. Yu. , Bokhan N. A. , Otmakhov A. P. , Semina O. V. , Blonsky K. A. , Salnikov A. A.
Published: November 2024

Background: endogenous psychoses complicated with different addictions have special psychopathological structure including delirious episodes, true hallucinations combined with typical positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These cases are difficult for treatment due to non-compliance of patients and their bad tolerance to drugs. The aim was to study the most effective psychopharmacological treatment using cariprazine for acute psychotic states in paranoid schizophrenia combined with chemical addictions. Patients and Methods: the study was conducted at psychiatric hospitals of Tomsk region, St. Petersburg, Nizhnevartovsk and Noyabrsk from 2018 to 2024. 208 men aged 18 to 45 years suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and dependent on psychoactive substances were examined. The main group made up 104 in-patients, who took cariprazine alone or in combination with haloperidol or chlorpromazine. The control group included 104 in-patients treated with other antipsychotics (aripiprazole, risperidone, olanzapine). Research methods: clinical and psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS, SANS, CGI, GAF), statistical (Python 3.11.0; R version 3.2.4; SPSS Statistics Base 22.0). Results: It was revealed that when comparing the control group with the main group, similar indicators were observed on the CGI and GAF scales on the 2nd week of the study, and on the 4th week of the study, compared with the control group, an improvement in indicators on the PANSS, SANS, CGI, GAF scales was observed. Conclusions: Cariprazine, compared with other atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole), showed a distinct antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute psychotic states in patients with schizophrenia dependent on psychoactive substances. By the end of the 2nd week after hospitalization, when treating with cariprazine at an average dose of 3 to 6 mg/day in combination with typical neuroleptics (haloperidol, chlorpromazine) or a tranquilizer, the most pronounced antipsychotic effect is achieved. Subsequent isolated use of cariprazine at a therapeutic dose of 3–4.5 mg/day has an effect similar to that of leading atypical antipsychotics by the end of the 4th week of treatment. Unlike other atypical antipsychotics, cariprazine was more effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which made it possible to achieve an improvement in overall functioning, increase the duration of remission, and reduce the risk of rehospitalization and the development of hospitalism.
Immunology of Schizophrenia: A Modern View on Inflammatory Hypotheses of the Disease
Authors: Klyushnik T. P. , Zozulya S. A.
Published: November 2024

Background: the immunological direction has always been a significant part of biological studies of schizophrenia and in different years has been based on the relevant fundamental ideas about the functions of the immune system and neuroimmune relationships. Objective: to conduct a brief historical analysis of immune hypotheses of schizophrenia, reflecting the vector of research of fundamental immunology, and also to present the results of our own research, confirming the key role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the possibility of using immunological indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of the course of the disease. Materials and Method: using the keywords “schizophrenia”, “immune hypotheses of schizophrenia”, “neuroinflammation”, “neuroimmune relationships” we analyzed publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, RSCI databases and other sources of the last decades in comparison with the results of clinical and biological studies of schizophrenia at the Mental Health Research Centre (MHRC). Conclusion: based on the analysis of publications, it is shown that the development of scientfic ideas about the relationship between the immune system and schizophrenia has led to the understanding of the key role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of this disease. Based on comparative studies of a number of immune markers related to cytokine system, acute phase proteins, proteolytic enzymes, etc., a laboratory test system “Neuroimmuno-test”, which includes complex determination of iflammatory and autoimmune markers in blood plasma, was created at the MHRC. It is shown that the level of immune system activation correlates with the features of psychopathological symptoms of patients. Identification of the immune profiles of patients is important to differentiate disease subtypes for the purpose of diagnosis and personalized therapy.
Systematics of the Forms of Schizophrenia in the Concept of AV. Snezhnevsky
Authors: Kopeyko G. I. , Alekseeva A. G.
Published: November 2024

Background: Although there are international classifications of schizophrenia, the clinical approach to the systematization of schizophrenia developed by russian scientists has not lost its signifcance to date. The main role in the development of the schizophrenia of the national psychiatric school belongs to the famous Russian psychiatrist A.V. Snezhnevsky and his colleagues. The aim of review: to analyze the forms of the course of schizophrenia according to the concept of A.V. Snezhnevsky. Materials and methods: review of the main publications of A.V. Snezhnevsky and colleagues on the question of the doctrine of forms of schizophrenia course. Conclusion: The review summarizes the main research results of the national psychiatric school under the leadership of academician A.V. Snezhnevsky in the formation of the doctrine of schizophrenia.
Clinical Features and Social Behavior of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Shmukler A. B. , Shport S. V.
Published: November 2024

Background: currently schizophrenia remains one of the most disabling diseases. Its clinical manifestations, course and outcome are extremely diverse. At the same time, there is no strict parallelism between the formal severity of illness and behavioral disorders. The aim of review is to analyze the available data on the relationship between clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia and behavioral disorders identified in them. Material and Method: the narrative review systematizes the data about influence of various clinical symptoms and their course on the behavior of patients with schizophrenia during the prodromal period, active course of the disease and during remission. Special attention is paid to the role of cognitive impairment, as well as the prevention of socially dangerous actions of mentally ill patients. An original typology of behavior of patients with schizophrenia in remission is considered. Conclusion: the analysis of the reviewed studies determines the possibilities of targeted psychosocial influence in order to form socially adaptive behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
Etiology of Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: a Review of Studies Based on Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Alfimova M. V.
Published: November 2024

Background: cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have long been believed to reflect the influence of genetic predisposition to the disease. Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies of the last decade have made it possible to test this hypothesis. The aim: to analyze studies on the relationship between cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients and polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS). Additionally, the associations of PRS for intelligence with cognitive deficits in patients and the associations of SZ-PRS with cognitive functions in healthy people were considered. Material and methods: the literature search was carried out in the PubMed database using the following terms: (schizophr* OR schizoaffective* OR psychosis) AND (cogn* OR intelligence OR IQ) AND (GWAS OR polygenic). Results and discussion: from papers published between January 2015 and February 2024, 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. Their analysis indicate that in schizophrenia patients, in contrast to healthy people, the correlation of SZ-PRS with cognitive deficits and premorbid cognitive abilities is absent. Cognitive functions of patients are associated with PRS of intelligence, however, the bulk of the variance in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, except for the group with intellectual disability, appears to be associated with non-genetic causes. It can be assumed that disease process factors play the most important role. Future studies should be aimed at establishing whether they are directly related to the pathophysiology of the disease, to the influence of concomitant exposures (treatment, hospitalization, etc.) or cognitive reserve, which will contribute to the correction of cognitive deficits.
Antipsychotic Prescribing Practices for In-patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Sofronov A. G. , Dobrovolskaya A. E. , Gvozdetckii A. N. , Kushnerev I. S.
Published: November 2024

Results: consumption of antipsychotics in hospital for the period 2015–2022 characterized by a decrease in the proportion of typical antipsychotics (TA) to 12.8% due to an increase in the proportion of atypical antipsychotics (AA) to 61.0% and long-acting antipsychotics (LA) to 26.2%. The administration of antipsychotics by hospital treatment units was relatively uniform. Clozapine (26.9%), zuclopenthixol (20.0%), haloperidol (10.3%), olanzapine (10.3%), risperidone (9.3%), quetiapine (8.2%), paliperidone (4.1%) accounted for 89.1% of all antipsychotics consumed. The total proportion of cariprazine, pericyazine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, levomepromazine, chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine, tiapride and trifluoperazine, sertindole, lurasidone, sulpiride, flupenthixol and brexpiprazole was 10.9%. Among the medications prescribed to patients with schizophrenia, the leading ones were risperidone (36.2%), haloperidol (17.1%), olanzapine (15.6%), and clozapine (10.8%). The frequency of prescription of other drugs was less than 10.0%. The share of TA was 26.3%, AA — 73.7%. In the vast majority of cases (98.1%), patients received monotherapy. Conclusion: the data obtained on the structure of antipsychotic prescriptions indicate that our approaches correspond to the global trend of the predominant use of second-generation antipsychotics in the in-patient treatment of schizophrenia.
Nosos et pathos schizophreniae
Authors: Snezhnevsky A. V.
Published: November 2024

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Polygenic Risk Assessment for Schizophrenia in Patients with Nonpsychotic Disorders and Attenuated Symptoms of Psychosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kondratyev N. V. , Omelchenko M. A. , Lezheiko T. V. , Kaleda V. G. , Golimbet V. E.
Published: November 2024

Background: significant contribution of genetic factors in the development of schizophrenia is a generally recognized fact. Polygenic risk index for schizophrenia turned out to be an effective tool allowing to draw a dividing line between schizophrenia and mentally healthy control in terms of genetics. Objective: to assess the predictive ability of the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS) in adolescent patients with a first depressive episode and attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Patients and Methods: sixty adolescent inpatient with a first depressive episode were examined. Based on the presence of APS at admission, patients were divided into two groups: a group with APS and a group without APS. Subgroups of patients in the first group were identified through follow-up observations: those with psychosis manifestation and/or low social functioning and those without manifestation and with high social functioning. Whole-genome genotyping was performed for all participants, and SZ-PRS were calculated. For comparison, a group of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 879) and a group of mentally healthy individuals (n = 759), who had previously undergone whole-genome genotyping and had their SZ-PRS calculated, were used. Results: SZ-PRS of the APS group occupy an intermediate position between the healthy control and schizophrenia patients, significantly differing from each of them. The group without APS did not differ from the control group, but compared to the group of schizophrenia patients, the SZ-PRS in this group was significantly lower. Comparing subgroups of patients showed that the SZ-PRS in the APS group without psychosis manifestation and social functioning impairment was significantly lower than in the group with schizophrenia manifestation. The APS subgroups with psychosis manifestation and with functioning impairment did not differ significantly from each other or from the schizophrenia group. Conclusion: the results obtained for the first time for the russian population showed that SZ-PRS can be considered as a tool for assessing the risk of developing psychosis or reduced social functioning in patients with APS.
Academic self-efficacy and digital competence in a sample of university students
Authors: Javier-Aliaga David , Silva Neyra Oscar Rubén , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E. , Saintila Jacksaint
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and digital competence in a sample of undergraduate university students in Peru. The design was nonexperimental, cross-sectional, and correlational. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 98 students from a private university in Peru. Academic self-efficacy single-item scale and digital competence questionnaire were used. Spearman correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. The statistical program used was SPSS v. 25. The average academic self-efficacy obtained was 3.73 (standard deviation [SD]=0.73). Regarding digital competence, the mean recorded was 72.34 (SD=11.57). Additionally, it was found that there were no significant differences in academic self-efficacy and digital competence according to gender (p>0.05). Similarly, it was found that there is a significant correlation between academic self-efficacy and digital competence in students (rho=0.438; p<0.001). Similarly, it was found that there is a correlation between academic self-efficacy and the five dimensions of digital competence (information, communication, content creation, technological security and problem-solving) in university students (p<0.05). This research could contribute to the development of programs, courses, or psychoeducational strategies for the development of academic self-efficacy and digital competence in university students.
Improving Children's Language and Literacy Through Snakes and Ladders Game
Authors: Pratikno Heru , Rosenda Diden , Baskin Askurifai
Published: November 2024

The rapid flow of globalization and modernization that has hit the Indonesian nation has made character education increasingly eroded. This can be proven by seeing the decreasing character of students regarding their use of language and impolite speech. Apart from that, students' interest in reading a text is decreasing, they may not even understand what they are reading. They are more interested in their respective cellphones which are only used for playing games, watching films, and even using social media. On the other hand, teachers' lack of language skills is a factor in slowing the transfer of knowledge to students. Therefore, the role of school teachers is needed to straighten students' characters and increase their interest in reading. The way to do this is through fun language and literature learning. So, the aim of this research is that the author wants to know how to improve student character and literacy through creative digital-based literary learning media. The method used in this service is class action through teachers. The result of achieving the target of this service is an increase in the teacher's ability to strengthen student character and student interest in reading.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Technology for the Advancement of Finance Technology (FinTech) in Businesses
Authors: Gitobu Clay , John Ogetonto
Published: November 2024

This brief investigation seeks to explore the significant impact and offer a thorough analysis of the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology in revolutionizing financial technologies (FinTech) within the context of African business environments. Central to this study is an examination of how AI-driven solutions and blockchain technology can improve efficiency, accessibility, and innovation in financial services. Currently, African businesses face numerous challenges that hinder their overall success. Among these are the prevalence of fraud in Africa’s economy and the absence of credit scoring and reliable risk management, leading to bad debts and poor capital management. The businesses also lack data infrastructure, regulatory compliances, customer engagement and personalisation data privacy, cybersecurity and volatile currencies. Through intensive evaluation, we will be venturing into and showcasing how applications of AI and blockchain technology address these hurdles via techniques involving fraud detection, risk mitigation, advanced credit assessments and scoring for underserved communities, loan origination systems, and automated customer support utilising tools like chatbots, bolstered market analytics, streamlined regulation conformance, and augmented financial inclusivity encompassing digital payment platforms, saving mechanisms, loans, investments, and insurance products. By leveraging AI, African businesses can propel FinTech innovation and progression, foster economic prosperity, and drive sustainable development. The paper comprehensively analyses the current state of AI-driven FinTech solutions in Africa, identifying key factors that can unlock a new era of financial innovation, potential challenges businesses may face in implementing these technologies and our comprehensive research on their solutions.
Nanotechnological Innovations in Healthcare
Authors: Halil Tunc  , Hassan Ahyan , Rizvi Hasan , Alsaaty Saifullah , Tunc Emine
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology is a concept much older and more prevalent than you may think. This article will delve into the applications of nanotechnology in various fields of medicine. Using ideas and research, old and new, this publication uses various studies to explore how nanotechnology saves, improves, and, in some cases, enables life. Frankly, the fields discussed further in this paper have nothing in common other than significant and interesting applications of nanotechnology. However, even with this diverse array of fields, only a fraction of nanotechnology’s massive impact across medicinal practice altogether is covered. Nanotechnology has broken into almost every major sector of medicine, finding use from routine practices, such as drug delivery, all the way to extraordinary procedures, such as bone regeneration. This article opens up on the applications of nanotechnology in the cardiovascular, reproductive, antiviral, skeletal, and surgical fields. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to show that nanotechnology is no longer limited to science fiction, and has a major impact that will only grow with time and technology. Doctors and scientists are making full use of nanotechnology’s capabilities by using it in any and all cases that require precision and effectiveness that is either impossible or extremely difficult and dangerous when performed by human hands. This makes many treatments less hazardous and more effective, saving and improving an exponential number of lives as time goes on.
Exploring the Role of CRISPR-Cas9 in Genetic Engineering: Advancements, Applications, and Ethical Issues
Authors: Eski Nursel , Huda Asif  , Jacqueline Crespo  , Yakup Bayar
Published: November 2024

Since its discovery in 1987, the emerging genome-modification technology CRISPR-Cas9 has augmented the ever-evolving field of genetic engineering through its advancements in precision and accuracy to simplify efficient genome alteration. This paper introduces the history of CRISPR-Cas9 and explores its underlying mechanisms and advancements. Significant technological advancements have enhanced the precision and efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 in genetic engineering. Innovations like base and prime editors minimize the unintended off-target effects, improving the accuracy of gene editing. The development of advanced delivery methods, such as magnetic nanoparticles, allows for faster delivery of editing components to their intended destination with greater precision. This complex has a wide range of applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and industrial biotechnology. CRISPR-Cas9 has recently grown popular among gene therapy studies for genetic disorders in addition to cancer research for further understanding of cancer cell mechanisms. In agricultural settings, this tool has been used to modify crops to withstand environmental constraints to increase crop yield and alter nutritional content. CRISPR-Cas9’s role in industrial biotechnology is also discussed as modifying the metabolic pathways of microorganisms to facilitate higher biofuel production. Ethical considerations related to the technology such as safety, possible human germline misuse, and ecological effects of GMOs have catalyzed social and political restraints with pertinent case studies. Challenges such as off-target effects, generational consequences, and unequal access are mentioned. Nevertheless, ethical questions remain without prominent responses. The future of genetic engineering is in the hands of geneticists working with CRISPR-Cas9 to offer greater treatment options for fatal genetic disorders. This review aims to provide a better understanding of CRISPR-Cas9’s significant use and role in genetic engineering.
Integration of AI in Education and Didactic Childhood Advancement and Progress
Authors: Gerald Mutsotso  , Jesse Goin  , Douglas Munga
Published: November 2024

The state of education in our country has been a contentious topic for many years. Numerous reforms have been done but there are still some problems – inefficient learning resources, is but one of the many. Due to inexperience on this topic this problem continues to plague the education system. However, taking an informed and educated approach with the interests of the students prioritized, we believe that many of these problems could be solved with the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Its proper integration into the education system could aid in the improvement of efficiency of learning resources, through the use of various tools like chatbots, adaptive learning systems and intelligent assessment systems. By implementing the use of AI in a world where learning resources are scarce, there can be standardized learning throughout the country regardless of availability of learning materials. The main agenda of this study is to explore ways of implementing the use of Artificial Intelligence into educational systems to integrate the use of learning materials, hence bringing about improved quality of education. We are fully aware of the problems facing the implementations of this study but we are ready to conduct rigorous research to combat them.
Possible Productivity Effects On Software Engineers by Advanced Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Arsha Sheikhi  , Hamzah Raoof  , Zaid Khan  , Gokgol Merve
Published: November 2024

Within the past few years, starting from the greater public use of AI from the recent “AI Boom,” ChatGPT or AI-Language Model equivalents have been making their way into software and other computer science-related work environments for developers and software engineers to use without significant financial cost. In this paper, we often mention the word “productivity,” so it is important to know how we measure this: we measure productivity in lines of code (LOC) to gauge the raw amount of coding done, bug resolutions done by developers to measure the reviewing of code, and customer satisfaction to measure the quality of the code, then combine all of these into “overall productivity.” In this paper, we will examine the effects on productivity that these Large Language Models (LLMs) have had on software engineering or other similar jobs.
Correlation Measures for q-rung Orthopair m-polar Fuzzy Sets with Application to Pattern Recognition
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Garrison Postgraduate College, Lahore Cantt., 58810, Lahore, Pakistan, Ch Tahir Hamid , Abid Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, 27695 NC Raleigh, USA, Naeem Khalid ,   Department of Mathematics, Federal Government Degree College for Men, 50070, Kharian Cantt., Pakistan, Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Thandalam, Chennai, 602105 Tamilnadu, India
Published: November 2024

Correlation provides a relationship between two quantities with the help of certain statistical data. It shows the strength of the relationship amongst different alternatives. q-rung orthopair fuzzy setting offers extended space for the selection of values of the two components. There is no iota in the fact that the multipolarity factor reduces the chances of error. We study correlation in the framework of q-rung orthopair m-polar fuzzy set to judge the efficiency of this system in real-life problems and decision-making. We present some major characteristics of the correlation measure in the said setting. An application to pattern recognition is also incorporated. To elaborate on the ideas of correlation measures and q-rung orthopair m-polar fuzzy set, we instigate a comparison analysis to probe the supremacy and dominance of propound abstraction.