bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Was Grabbed by My Pussy and Its #NotOkay”: A Twitter Backlash Against Donald Trump’s Degrading Commentary
Authors: Maas Megan K. , McCauley Heather L. , Bonomi Amy E. , Leija S. Gisela
Published: January 2018

The present study assessed how individuals used the #NotOkay hashtag on Twitter to respond to Donald Trump’s comments about grabbing women by their genitals. We analyzed 652 tweets which included commentary about the hashtag. Three main themes emerged: (a) users’ acknowledgment and condemnation of rape culture, (b) Donald Trump and the national state of sexual assault, and (c) engaging men and boys to end violence against women. Our findings emphasize that powerful political leaders can be salient symbols of rape culture, and Twitter is used as a public platform to organize and challenge problematic social discourse and call for action/change.
One in Three of Pediatric Tibia Shaft Fractures is Currently Treated Operatively: A 6-Year Epidemiological Study in two University Hospitals in Finland Treatment of Pediatric Tibia Shaft Fractures
Authors: Stenroos A. , Laaksonen T. , Nietosvaara N. , Jalkanen J. , Nietosvaara Y.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Internal fixation of pediatric tibia shaft fractures has become increasingly popular despite the fact that non-operative treatment results in satisfactory outcome with few exceptions. Indications for surgery and benefits of internal fixation are however still debatable.

Materials and Methods:

All 296 less than 16-year-old patients treated for a tibia shaft fracture between 2010 and 2015 in two of the five university hospitals in Finland were included in the study. Patient data were analyzed in three treatment groups: cast immobilization in emergency department, manipulation under anesthesia, and operative treatment. Incidence of operative treatment of pediatric tibia shaft fractures was calculated in the cities of Helsinki and Kuopio.

Results:

A total of 143 (47.3%) children’s tibia shaft fractures were treated with casting in emergency department, 71 (22.3%) with manipulation under anesthesia, and 82 (30.4%) with surgery. Mean age of the patients in these treatment groups was 6.2, 8.7, and 12.7 years. Fibula was intact in 89%, 51%, and 27% of the patients, respectively. All 6 patients with multiple fractures and 16 of 18 patients with open fractures were treated operatively. In eight patients, primary non-operative treatment was converted to internal fixation. Operatively treated patients with isolated closed fractures were more likely to have a fibula fracture (46/66 vs 52/214, p < 0.001), be older in age (13.08 ± 2.4 vs 6.4 ± 3.7, p < 0.001), and have more primary angulation (6.9 ± 5.8 vs 0.48 ± 3.1, p < 0.001). Re-operations were done to eight and corrective osteotomy to two operatively treated children.

Conclusion:

Operative treatment of a pediatric tibia shaft fracture is currently nearly a rule in patients with open or multiple fractures. Surgical treatment of closed tibia shaft fractures is based on surgeon’s personal preference, type of fracture and age of the patient.
Leadership in Workplace Meetings: The Intersection of Leadership Styles and Follower Gender
Authors: Mroz Joseph E. , Yoerger Michael , Allen Joseph A.
Published: January 2018

Meetings are ubiquitous across organizations, yet researchers have paid scant attention to the role of meeting leaders in affecting meeting outcomes. Because meetings are important discursive sites, the style of a meeting leader may influence subordinate views of the meeting and leader. Using a sample of working adults, we first demonstrated that meeting attendees who perceived their leader as participative viewed the leader as more warm and competent than meeting attendees who had a directive leader. We explain this finding through the framework of social exchange theory. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment to further probe the relation between meeting leader style and subordinate perceptions of the leader. Again, participants viewed participative leaders as more warm and competent than directive leaders. Interestingly, working adults preferred participative leaders over directive leaders across every type of work meeting. We further found that participant gender interacted with leader style, such that men rated directive leaders are warmer than did women, but men and women did not differ in their assessments of participative leaders.
Increasing appropriate conversation skills using a behavioral skills training package for adults with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ryan Grace , Brady Shelley , Holloway Jennifer , Lydon Helena
Published: January 2018

The current research evaluates the effectiveness of a behavioral skills training (BST) package used to increase appropriate conversation interactions for six adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Deficits in the area of social skills can become a significant feature for individuals with disabilities and in particular for those with ASD. A multiple probe design across participant dyads was employed to examine the effects of the intervention on conversation interactions. The BST package was delivered in small group instruction and included (i) instructions about having a conversation, (ii) modeling a conversation, (iii) practicing a conversation, and (iv) feedback on performance during each session. Results indicated that BST was effective for increasing appropriate conversation interactions for all six participants, and maintenance was evident 4 weeks post intervention. The findings were discussed in relation to the importance of social interactions and communication amongst this population.
The Spanish Availability and Readability of Diabetes Apps
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge A. , Singh Karandeep
Published: January 2018

Background:

There is growing evidence supporting the use of mobile health apps for the management of diabetes. Given the disproportionate impact of diabetes on Latinos, especially those with limited English proficiency (LEP) and low literacy, diabetes apps have the potential to address existing health disparities. Our study aimed to understand the current accessibility of diabetes apps for these populations.

Methods:

We searched the Android and iOS stores for the term “diabetes” to identify patient-facing diabetes apps. We reviewed the app store descriptions and user interfaces for Spanish availability. We assessed the readability of the descriptions in English and Spanish using the Lexile Analyzer and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level.

Results:

Overall, in reviewing both app stores, 30% (28/92) of apps had descriptions available in Spanish, of which 41% (18/44) of Android apps were available in Spanish and 21% (10/48) iOS apps were available in Spanish. In addition, the readability of 94% (90/96) for the app store descriptions was above the recommended reading level for patient education material in English and Spanish. The overall kappa coefficient for app translation quality assessment was .72, reflecting moderate interrater agreement.

Conclusions:

Despite the evidence supporting the use of diabetes apps, they do not cater to the language needs of LEP Latino patients.
Successful treatment with fingolimod of graft-versus-host disease of the central nervous system
Authors: Gauthier Jordan , Vermersch Patrick , Chauvet Paul , Varlet Pauline , Coiteux Valérie , Magro Leonardo , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Fingolimod could be efficient to treat GVHD of the central nervous system. Further research should explore the use of fingolimod and other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists to prevent or treat GVHD.
Enhanced osteogenic commitment of murine mesenchymal stem cells on graphene oxide substrate
Authors: Kim Jiyong , Kim Hwan D. , Park Jungha , Lee Eun-seo , Kim Eugene , Lee Seunghun S. , Yang Jin-Kyung , Lee Yoon-Sik , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: January 2018

Background

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that attempts to restore or regenerate tissues and organs through biomimetic fabrication of scaffolds with specific functionality. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) is considered as promising biomaterial due to its nontoxicity, high dispersity, and hydrophilic interaction, and these characteristics are key to stimulating the interactions between substrates and cells.

Method

In this study, GO substrates were fabricated via chemically immobilizing GO at 1.0 mg/ml on glass slides. Furthermore, we examined the osteogenic responses of murine mesenchymal-like stem cells, C3H10T1/2 cells, on GO substrates.

Results

C3H10T1/2 cells on GO substrates resulted in increased cell surface area, enhanced cellular adhesions, and instigated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, priming of C3H10T1/2 cells with chondrocyte-conditioned medium (CM) could further induce a synergistic effect of osteogenesis on GO substrates.

Conclusions

All of these data suggest that GO substrate along with CM is suitable for upregulating osteogenic responses of mesenchymal stem cells.
Trade, Quality Upgrading, and Input Linkages: Theory and Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Fieler Ana Cecília , Eslava Marcela , Xu Daniel Yi
Published: January 2018

A quantitative model brings together theories linking international trade to quality, technology, and demand for skills. Standard effects of trade on importers and exporters are magnified through domestic input linkages. We estimate the model with data from Colombian manufacturing firms before the 1991 trade liberalization. A counterfactual trade liberalization is broadly consistent with post-liberalization data. It increases skill intensity from 12 to 16 percent, while decreasing sales. Imported inputs, estimated to be of higher quality, and domestic input linkages are quantitatively important. Economies of scale, export expansion, and reallocation of production are small and cannot explain post-liberalization data. (JEL F14, F16, J24, L60, O14, O19, O33)
Bid Shading and Bidder Surplus in the US Treasury Auction System
Authors: Hortaçsu Ali , Kastl Jakub , Zhang Allen
Published: January 2018

We analyze bidding data from uniform price auctions of US Treasury bills and notes between July 2009 and October 2013. Primary dealers consistently bid higher yields compared to direct and indirect bidders. We estimate a structural model of bidding that takes into account informational asymmetries introduced by the bidding system employed by the US Treasury. While primary dealers' estimated willingness-to-pay is higher than direct and indirect bidders’, their ability to bid-shade is even higher, leading to higher yield/lower price bids. Total bidder surplus averaged to about three basis points across the sample period along with efficiency losses around two basis points. (JEL D44, E63, H63)
Does the total dysphagia risk score correlate with swallowing function examined by videofluoroscopy?
Authors: Nevens Daan , Goeleven Ann , Duprez Fréderic , Braeken R , Decabooter E , De Smet M , Lutters L , Dejaeger Eddy , De Neve Wilfried , Nuyts Sandra
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to correlate the total dysphagia risk score (TDRS) with swallowing function as measured by videofluoroscopy of swallowing using the swallowing performance scale (SPS) and the penetration aspiration scale (PAS).

Methods:

63 patients from two different centres treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were evaluated in the current study. Swallowing videofluoroscopies at baseline, 6 and 12 months following radiotherapy were evaluated by two observers. The TDRS of all patients was calculated and correlated with the consensus PAS and SPS scores of the two observers.

Results:

Regarding the PAS scale, we did not observe a significant correlation with the TDRS. Regarding SPS, we found a significant correlation at 6 months (p = 0.01) and a borderline significant correlation at 12 months (p = 0.05). We observed statistically lower SPS scores for patients in the intermediate-risk category when compared to the high-risk category. When we compared low v  s high TDRS risk patients, we did not observe a significant difference regarding SPS scores. When comparing low- vs intermediate-risk patients, we observed higher SPS scores in the low-risk group (p = 0.01). When the low- and intermediate-risk patients were grouped together, we observed less swallowing problems as measured by SPS in the low and intermediate group when compared to the high-risk group (p = 0.05) at 6 months.

Conclusion:

Patients with high-risk TDRS scores have higher SPS scores when compared to the intermediate group and the intermediate- and low-risk group together. However, low-risk patients in our patient cohort could not be distinguished from high or intermediate-risk patients.

Advances in knowledge:

TDRS was never correlated with videofluoroscopies in past studies. The hypothesis of this paper was to see if the TDRS could guide us to see which patients are at risk for high scores on SPS and PAS and might need a videofluoroscopic examination in the follow up. Given the poor correlations in our study, however, we cannot recommend the use of the TDRS to select patients who might benefit from the additional information provided by videofluoroscopies.
A eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Carvalho Alexander Perazo Nunes de , Lima Renata Albuquerque de
Published: January 2018

A questão sobre a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais demonstra a inevitável evolução da nova hermenêutica constitucional. Percebe-se na Doutrina e Jurisprudência uma maior preocupação com a aplicabilidade desses direitos em relação aos  particulares, ampliando, portanto, o seu raio de ação. Inserindo uma nova dimensão objetiva aos direitos fundamentais, conclui-se que já não basta ao Estado se abster de violar direitos humanos. É preciso que ele atue concretamente para proteger os indivíduos face às agressões e ameaças de terceiros, incluindo aqui, os interesses privados. A constitucionalização do Direito Civil é o marco da adequação da legislação privada aos direitos fundamentais, pois trata-se de um processo que importa modificações substantivas na forma de se conceber e encarar os principais conceitos do direito privado, fazendo-o alcançar o patamar de ciência cível constitucional.
A ação civil pública em matéria tributária como instrumento de acesso à justiça e proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos contribuintes
Authors: Moretti Deborah , Costa Yvete Flavio da
Published: January 2018

Os direitos fundamentais tributários atuam como barreira de proteção ao arbítrio estatal, impondo limites à sua atuação tributante, e dignificando os sujeitos passivos da relação jurídico-tributária. Tendo em vista o caráter fundamental desses direitos, e sua natureza individual homogênea, deveria ser resguardados aos contribuintes meios de acesso coletivo ao judiciário para a tutela desses direitos, o que traria maior efetividade à jurisdição. A ação civil pública, disciplinada pela Lei 7347/85 é uma das formas de defesa dos direitos difusos, coletivos e individuais homogêneos possibilitada aos lesados por ações ou omissões, públicas ou privadas, que ultrapassam a dimensão da esfera individual. Ou seja, esse instrumento processual permite a tutela daqueles atos que atentam contra o pleno exercício de direitos transindividuais. No entanto, a Medida Provisória 2180-35, de 2001, acrescentou o parágrafo único no artigo 1º da mencionada lei, aduzindo que não será cabível ação civil pública para veicular pretensões que envolvam tributos, contribuições previdenciárias, o Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço- FGTS ou outros fundos de natureza institucional cujos beneficiários podem ser individualmente determinados. Essa medida provisória é maculada por nítida inconstitucionalidade, e serve tão somente para limitar o acesso à justiça daqueles que se viram prejudicados pelo arbítrio estatal em sua ânsia arrecadatória. Com isso em mente, o presente artigo tem por escopo analisar a possibilidade do instituto da ação civil pública em matéria tributária como forma de acesso à justiça e de defesa dos direitos fundamentais dos contribuintes que são lesados coletivamente pelo Estado.
Tutela provisória no processo coletivo: um diálogo entre o novo código de processo e a lei da ação civil pública
Authors: Macedo Elaine Harzheim
Published: January 2018

O processo coletivo é um espaço democrático de composição de conflitos que deve guardar aderência a tutelas distintas voltadas a uma cidadania plural ou coletiva, titular de interesses ou direitos difusos ou de direitos restritos a um determinado grupo. A exemplo do processo individual, também o tempo e a mora processual podem ser responsáveis pela inefetividade da prestação jurisdicional devida no processo coletivo, justificando que o regime da tutela provisória, contemplado no Código de Processo Civil de 2015, seja aplicado, no que couber, à demanda coletiva, dialogando com a Lei da Ação Civil Pública, atual matriz processual do processo coletivo brasileiro. Tanto a tutela antecipada incidental como a tutela cautelar, antecedente ou incidental, guardam aderência ao processo da Lei n. 7.347/85, o mesmo, porém, não acontecendo com a figura da tutela antecipada requerida em caráter antecedente, considerando os bens da vida tutelados na ação coletiva, que reclamam um pronunciamento definitivo. Também a previsão da responsabilidade objetiva no âmbito da tutela provisória, com a reparação dos prejuízos causados ao réu, é impertinente ao processo coletivo, devendo ser reservada sua incidência tão somente nas hipóteses de responsabilidade subjetiva, se reconhecida a má-fé no agir do ente coletivo.
A propriedade privada, o direito de uso e o plantio de sementes transgênicas: uma questão socioambiental na proteção da saúde e o caso do milho “liberty link”
Authors: Silva Fabiana Pacheco de Souza , Rezende Elcio Nacur
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo vem, através de apontamentos sobre a evolução da biotecnologia e da necessária reserva do Estado quanto à atenção ao direito à saúde, tratar da propriedade privada e do direito de uso do proprietário face à proteção da saúde e à função social e ambiental da terra para pequenos agricultores do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil quanto à liberação de sementes transgênicas. Nesse sentido, o artigo trata da questão do longo processo que trata da liberação do milho geneticamente modificado “Liberty Link” e do Parecer Técnico 987/2007 emitido pela CTNBio sobre a liberação do mesmo. Ainda, o estudo trata especificamente do inteiro teor da ação civil pública de autoria das entidades protetoras dos direitos dos agricultores e dos Embargos Infringentes na Ação Civil Pública 2007.70.00.015712-8. O estudo analisa o Tratado Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos para a Alimentação e Agricultura (TIRFAA) da FAO – Nações Unidas, ratificado pelo Brasil, em 2008, e que vige através do Decreto 6476/08 para sustentar a proteção dos direitos dos pequenos proprietários bem como o direito à informação, imprescindíveis para o trabalho proposto. Para o estudo foi usado o método hipotético-dedutivo e, por ele, foi usada a pesquisa bibliográfica.
Políticas públicas e extrafiscalidade: direitos fundamentais da juventude brasileira
Authors: Rodrigues Hugo Thamir , Dupont Fabiano Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

O objetivo com o presente estudo é analisar a relação existente entre políticas públicas e extrafiscalidade de tributos com base no agir público na consolidação de direitos fundamentais da juventude brasileira. Diante desse cenário, são pontuados e discutidos o atual papel do poder público na construção de políticas públicas efetivadoras dos direitos da juventude. Cotejados estes aspectos, apresenta-se a finalidade extrafiscal da norma tributária como mecanismo de implementação de políticas públicas. E a partir disso, analisa-se a possibilidade e o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas com o intuito da inclusão social de jovens no cenário brasileiro. Para tal feito, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, através de levantamento bibliográfico.
Cooperação judicial penal e integração regional: tratamento normativo e institucional na União Europeia e no Mercosul
Authors: Diz Jamile Bergamaschine Mata , Mourão Lucas Tavares
Published: January 2018

Há muito já se nota que um país que atue isolado no cenário global está fadado a mergulhar em crises contornáveis apenas mediante uma ação integrada dos diversos agentes internacionais. Dentre os problemas que surgem no espectro mundial hodierno, há aqueles que atingem a esfera penal além-fronteiras. Nessa esteira, o presente trabalho busca fazer um levantamento comparativo dos mecanismos de cooperação judiciária penal no âmbito da União Europeia e do Mercosul. Com o crescimento dos níveis de integração, houve o aumento no intercâmbio de pessoas, mercadorias e serviços, alinhado à progressiva supressão de fronteiras, o que trouxe o indesejável crescimento da criminalidade transfronteiriça. Destarte, os países que compõem um sistema de integração se viram obrigados a adotar políticas convergentes para reprimir os delitos interestatais e evitar as impunidades. A conclusão a que se chega é de que, apesar dos relevantes avanços já apresentados, as instabilidades e discrepâncias ainda existentes entre os membros de um mesmo processo de integração impedem uma cooperação mais eficaz, o que constitui sério problema, haja vista a crescente onda de criminalidade transnacional.
Dignidade Humana e Umwelt: a fundamentalidade sistêmica do Princípio da Precaução ambiental
Authors: Teixeira Ricardo Augusto de Araújo
Published: January 2018

O artigo discute a possibilidade de fundamentat a proteção do meio ambiente na ideia de dignidade da pessoa humana. A questão é: todo direito dito fundamental é, de algum modo, lastreado pela ideia contemporânea de dignidade humana. É possível construir esse lastro também no caso de um direito fundamental difuso, com o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado?
A racionalidade da justiça
Authors: Lacerda Bruno Amaro
Published: January 2018

Este artigo aborda a concepção de Hans Kelsen, Alf Ross e Chaïm Perelman sobre a justiça como regularidade na aplicação do direito e como valor subjetivo e irracional, no intuito de mostrar sua insuficiência como descrição da juridicidade. Diferentemente do afirmado pelos três autores, o direito deve se guiar por uma objetividade axiológica, a liberdade igual das pessoas ou dignidade, reconhecida reciprocamente na coexistência social. O menosprezo ou desconhecimento deste valor objetivo converte o direito em ordem injusta e funcionalista, sujeita a legitimar pretensões discriminatórias como expressões válidas de uma subjetividade não sujeita ao crivo da razão. O reconhecimento do homem como sujeito digno é uma exigência inafastável de racionalidade da justiça, sem a qual não se realiza a necessária vocação ética do direito.
Os agricultores familiares como réus em processos ambientais: reflexões acerca do poder simbólico do direito
Authors: Pereira Marlene De Paula , Botelho Maria Izabel Vieira
Published: January 2018

Com frequência, os agricultores familiares enfrentam problemas relacionados à legislação ambiental. O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir a respeito das consequências decorrentes dos processos judiciais na vida desses agricultores. As metodologias utilizadas foram a consulta processual e as entrevistas. Os principais resultados revelam que a condição de vulnerabilidade que atinge esses agricultores, do ponto de vista social e econômico, estende-se até o campo judicial. Apesar de haver o pressuposto de que a Justiça busca enfrentar as questões com isonomia, constatou-se que os grupos econômica e socialmente mais frágeis são também mais fortemente atingidos com a solução da lide.
Por uma Ecologia dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: De Giorgi Rafaelle
Published: January 2018

Este artigo traz a discussão sobre os Direitos Humanos e como são caracterizados por grandes expectativas às quais correspondem sistemáticas desilusões. Nessa perspectiva faz uma reflexão realista sobre a invenção do indivíduo como sujeito unitário, racional e livre, ao mesmo tempo que permite a compreensão da estrutura semântica que tornou possível a elaboração dos Direitos Humanos na sociedade moderna; sua função e contribuição especial para a evolução da sociedade. Pretende ainda refletir sobre o caráter específico da função dos Direitos Humanos, sobre os paradoxos da sua semântica, sobre o seu contributo à produção de alteridade e o excedente dessa produção. Assim, o trabalho propõe mostrar o horizonte de uma possível ecologia dos Direitos Humanos.
A Responsabilização Juvenil nas práticas restaurativas: uma justiça que humaniza o processo
Authors: Tourinho Luciano De Oliveira Souza , Sotero Ana Paula Da Silva
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo explicitar o processo histórico de transformação do aparato normativo institucional de atenção à criança e ao adolescente no Brasil, com destaque para o contexto de grave violação de direitos humanos que permeia o sistema atual de responsabilização de adolescentes envolvidos com a prática de infrações, apontando para a introdução de práticas e procedimentos restaurativos no âmbito da justiça juvenil. Nesse contexto, a Justiça Restaurativa se apresenta como alternativa à pacificação de conflitos penais, notadamente após o advento da Resolução nº 125 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, no cenário jurídico brasileiro. Construídos a partir de uma análise crítica do sistema punitivo, os métodos restaurativos propõem a edificação de uma justiça pautada na resolução dos conflitos, por meio da mitigação do seu efeito estigmatizador e excludente, do diálogo e do respeito aos direitos fundamentais, com a participação, quando conveniente e possível, da comunidade de próximos, promovendo-se o empoderamento dos envolvidos e a pacificação social. Diante dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a responsabilização juvenil a partir da construção de uma justiça que prime pelo respeito aos direitos humanos dos adolescentes. Para tanto, será utilizada uma abordagem histórico-dialética, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como fundamento a construção de uma reflexão crítica do tema. Ademais, serão analisados projetos de Justiça Restaurativa já implantados no Brasil, verificando, de forma qualitativa, a aplicabilidade das práticas restaurativas para a efetiva justiça penal juvenil no Estado Democrático de Direito.
O direito ao desenvolvimento de um projeto de vida na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e a educação como elemento indispensável
Authors: Hachem Daniel Wunder , Bonat Alan
Published: January 2018

A jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos reconheceu a existência do direito à criação e ao desenvolvimento de um projeto de vida, segundo o qual cada indivíduo deve ter assegurada a sua autonomia para realizar escolhas sobre quais caminhos irá seguir para se realizar existencialmente. A imposição de obstáculos a essa liberdade por parte do Estado, mediante ações que privem o indivíduo de desenvolver livremente sua personalidade e gerem graves prejuízos à persecução do seu projeto de vida, ocasiona o que a Corte chamou de “danos ao projeto de vida”, passíveis de ensejar o dever estatal de repará-los. A proposta defendida no artigo é a de que, além de uma dimensão defensiva (ou negativa), de proibir os Estados de privar o indivíduo de suas liberdades, arruinando o seu projeto de vida, o direito em questão possui uma faceta prestacional (ou positiva): incumbe também aos Poderes Públicos o fornecimento de condições materiais para que cada pessoa possa exercer livremente as escolhas que considera mais aptas ao alcance de seus objetivos existenciais. Entre essas condições, destaca-se a educação como elemento indispensável para que o sujeito possa ser plenamente autônomo e gozar da capacidade de tomar decisões a respeito de sua vida e agir de forma efetivamente livre. O estudo analisa a proteção jurídica do direito à educação nos sistemas global e interamericano de direitos humanos, bem como no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, concluindo com um diagnóstico dos desafios à implementação do direito à educação no Brasil.
The Glittering Gold of the Paintings in the Great Hall of Õisu Manor’s Main Building
Authors: Hiiop Hilkka
Published: January 2018

Regardless of its fragmentary and ruined condition, the painting find described in this article provides a small reference to what existed in the interiors of the Õisu Manor and affirmation of the fact that, as expected,the interior design corresponds to the splendour of the manor’s exterior form. The complete design of the room admittedly cannot be reconstructed on the basis of what has survived, yet the work of conservators has made it possible to read that which has survived. The analogies provided in the article and the imagination of the spectator make it possible for each individual to create his/her own picture of what the original whole of the spatial design once looked like.
Carl August Senff (1770–1838) im Kontext der Deutschen Kunst und sein Wirken in Tartu (Dorpat)
Authors: Vogel Gerd-Helge
Published: January 2018

Carl August Senff is among the most important artists of AcademicNeoclassicism in the Baltic region. As drawing master at the University of Tartu, he conveyed the artistic experience he had acquired, primarily during his years in Saxony in Leipzig and Dresden, to a significant number of students. In this way, Senff established the basis for the independent development of the arts in Estonia.This essay examines Senff’s early artistic roots in Germany and draws attention to the close, personal relations with his artist friends who served as a fundamental source, guiding light, and creative impulse for his own drawing and painting throughout his life. Senff’s stylistic development began with a sentimental neoclassicism that gradually transformed into Biedermeier realism. Portraits and landscapes in various techniques were Senff’s preferred genres, especially as graphic prints. Senff’s mastery of the new technique of lithography became animportant model for his many students.
IX. Internationales Symposium zur baltischen literarischen Kultur: Medien der Aufklärung. Aufklärung der Medien
Authors: Lukas Liina
Published: January 2018

Das IX. Internationale Symposium zur baltischen literarischen Kultur fand vom 4.–6. September 2017 in Tartu statt. Veranstaltet im Zusammenarbeit der Institute für Kulturwissenschaften und Künste sowie für Fremdsprachen und Kulturen der Universität Tartu.
Two approaches to the humanities: Claude Lévi-Strauss and Germaine Tillion
Authors: Todorov Tzvetan
Published: January 2018

This article compares two different approaches to the humanities in general and to anthropology in particular, represented by two renowned French scholars, Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009) and Germaine Tillion (1907–2008). While Lévi- Strauss emphasized the importance of an objective stance in the humanities and wanted to eliminate all subjectivity, Tillion desired to reserve an exclusive role for subjectivity, preferring human individuals to abstractions. The article suggests looking for the reason for these opposite positions within the disparate experiences the two scholars had during World War II: an American university life for Lévi-Strauss, and “humanist classes” in a German concentration camp for Tillion. A person who had been through the schooling at Ravensbrück could not arrive at the same conception of the field as another whose experiences came from the campus of an American university.
The future orientation of culture and the memory of the past in the making of history
Authors: Hałas Elżbieta
Published: January 2018

The article describes the semiotic approach developed by Boris Uspenskij to study the historical process. Uspenskij’s semiotics of history is integrally bound with the Tartu-Moscow School’s programme of cultural semiotics and is rooted in the fundamental premises of that programme, which he helped to shape. These premises contain a complex ontology of culture, encompassing three levels: cultural memory, sets of cultural texts, and semiotic systems, which model both the image of the world and programmes of action. Uspenskij’s analytical model of semiotics of history highlights the pragmatic aspect of the process of historical communication: the agency of its participants as carriers of culture and sign users. This article presents the role of reflexivity in the historical process, associated with reconstruction of the meaning of the past and prospective shaping of the future. Making history means constantly renewing the narrative about past events, which determines the future course of history in the present. Uspenskij presents opposite cultural tendencies in the historical process, associated with different types of semiosis, as symbolic conflicts. The article shows the role of symbolism and symbolic politics in the processes of making history in the model of semiotics of history. This model makes it possible to link together research on cultural memory, time, communicative action and symbolism.
Addiction Treatment: Using the Empty Chair
Authors: Firestone Shelley Korshak
Published: January 2018

The etiology of addiction includes complex biopsychosocial factors, but conceptualizing addiction as a result of an attachment disorder and consequent relational dysfunction gives psychotherapists a way to understand and treat addictions. This article presents this conceptualization and argues for the use of psychodrama and psychodrama action techniques in the treatment of addictive psychopathology. The author explores, in particular, the use of the empty-chair technique, presenting five common roles useful for our work.
Navigating the Web of Worries: Using Psychodrama Techniques to Help Latino Immigrant Families Manage Acculturation Stress
Authors: Bacallao Martica , Smokowski Paul Richard
Published: January 2018

In this article, we discuss the second session of the Entre Dos Mundos/Between Two Worlds (EDM) program for immigrant families. EDM is a curriculum that uses psychodrama techniques to help immigrant families adjust to cultural changes and prevent family problems that arise from acculturation stress. We present three case studies that highlight different action structures for working with multiple-family groups of Latino/a immigrants. Directors' notes are presented, and group processes are discussed.
Implementing Sociometry in a Long-Term Care Institutional Setting for the Elderly: Exploring Social Relationships and Choices
Authors: Simmons Daniela
Published: January 2018

In this article, I explore the convergence of sociometry and gerontology in order to demonstrate successful practices and to suggest alternative approaches in interacting with elderly people, which would result in stabilizing and improving their mental health and emotional status. As elderly people may experience various psychological conditions, applying sociometry requires innovative approaches and a certain flexibility in the application of some of the techniques. The article specifically deals with older adults residing in long-term care communities and my personal experience in creating and implementing therapeutic modalities for the older population. In this article, “older adults” are those older than 65 years. The “elderly” are those aged 85+ years. The approaches and techniques described in this article are adapted and effective for elderly people at any age.
Acting for a Change: Using Psychodrama to Enhance Spontaneity, Connection, and Change in the Development of a Senior Improvisational Theater Group
Authors: Richmond Linda L. , Wiener Ron
Published: January 2018

This article describes the development of a senior improvisational theater group designed to draw on concepts and methods from psychodrama to maximize members' spontaneity and connection and provide opportunities for positive staged sociopsychodramatic interactions in the community. It describes changes that took place at various social and psychological levels because of participation in the group and presents some of the director's inspirations and insights about theater, psychology, and community outreach that emerged along the way. The group, composed of about 15 seniors, aged 60 to 90 years, met in 30 weekly, 2-hr sessions and gave several performances over a 1-year period. A preliminary conceptual model of process and change, based on a qualitative analysis of observations, self-report, and relevant literature, is presented.
Family Therapy Supervision in Action
Authors: Ochs Paula , Webster Jude
Published: January 2018

There is a growing body of research, as the psychodrama community has understood for some time, that supports the idea that our bodies have their own intelligence and that insight can come from action. By working nonverbally using sculpting and other psychodramatic methods in family therapy supervision, we as family therapy supervisors, have found that clinicians are able to overcome therapeutic impasse with clients when they work through difficulties using insights that come from the body and action. This article describes our method and provides clinical examples of its effectiveness working with couples and families.
Dream Sociodrama
Authors: Dillard Joseph
Published: January 2018

An outgrowth of Moreno's sociodrama and sociometry and the AQAL (all quadrants, all lines, all levels, all states, and all styles) model of Ken Wilber, dream sociodrama is one methodology of a multiperspective, integral life practice called integral deep listening (IntegralDeepListening.com). A playful excursion into constructive absurdity, dream sociodrama asks the protagonist to choose three life issues and then tell a dream or nightmare or share a waking drama. Alternatively, the protagonist may choose a sociocultural crisis or a historical or fictional event, or the group can present a shared issue, such as a work problem. Several group members take one role in the drama and answer scripted questions designed to generate transformations, often surprising and cosmically humorous, followed by the protagonist doing the same. All develop action plans based on recommendations elicited by the interviewing process.
PROBLEMS OF THE BUSINESS INCUBATORS IN MÉXICO
Authors: Saldaña Yolanda , Ruiz Fernando , Gaona Laura , Nahuat Juan Jesús , Peña Kelly Muñoz
Published: January 2018

The Faculty of Accounting and Management of the Autonomous University of Coahuila projects to create a business incubator to support students that are entrepreneurs. Incubators created in other universities of the country; do not achieve continuance and the expected success. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the problems faced by other incubators to know the panorama that are before them. The results show that the informal economy, the excessive bureaucracy and the corruption beset the creation and permanence of such incubators. It is concluded that the government should show more political will to support the business incubators and counteract the poverty that in a good measure is the incubator of hired killers (sicarios) trapped by the organized crime.
Modelling and estimation of health-related quality of life after hip fracture
Authors: Parsons N. , Griffin X. L. , Achten J. , Chesser T. J. , Lamb S. E. , Costa M. L.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

This study investigates the reporting of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients following hip fracture. We compare the relative merits and make recommendations for the use for two methods of measuring HRQoL; (i) including patients who died during follow-up and (ii) including survivors only.

Methods

The World Hip Trauma Evaluation has previously reported changes in HRQoL using EuroQol-5D for patients with hip fractures. We performed additional analysis to investigate the effect of including or excluding those patients who died during the first four months of the follow-up period.

Results

The dataset included 503 patients, 25 of whom died between 30 days and four months of injury. There was a statistically significant difference in 30-day HRQoL between those alive (mean 0.331 and standard deviation (SD) 0.360) and those dead (mean 0.156 and SD 0.421) by four months (independent-samples t-test; p 0.022). The estimated difference of 0.175 in HRQoL (95% confidence interval 0.025 to 0.325) was also highly clinically significant.

Conclusion

When reporting HRQoL for patients after a hip fracture, excluding patients who die during follow-up leads to an overestimate of the effects of the intervention or treatment pathway. We would recommend that death-adjusted estimates should be used routinely when reporting HRQoL in this population. Cite this article: N. Parsons, X. L. Griffin, J. Achten, T. J. Chesser, S. E. Lamb, M. L. Costa. Modelling and estimation of health-related quality of life after hip fracture: A re-analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:1–5.
Fallacies of Foundational Principles: Rawls's Political Liberalism and Islamophobia
Authors: Saeed A. Khan
Published: January 2018

The philosophy of John Rawls forms a critical cornerstone in modern liberalism, especially with its two concomitant and defining components: the existence of a society that will easily reach a consensus, as a collection of reasonable people, on political matters, as distinguished from religious and other similarly broad social constructs; and that reasonable peoples will organically privilege and prioritize the political over the religious when the two are in conflict with one another. These tenets also inform Rawls's ideas on justice and those who have agency in its definition. Yet, implicit within these tenets is an exclusion of religiously oriented peoples for whom faith systems supersede the political, particularly a political model of which they had no participatory role to develop. The exclusion of Muslims from this process and model facilitates the emergence of Islamophobia in a society that perceives itself as imbued with Rawlsian liberalism and without contradiction. This article explores Rawlsian liberalism and the central role it plays in modern, Western philosophy. It will offer a critique of his beliefs and delineate the internal flaws within Rawlsian liberalism. In addition, it will assess the fundamental architecture of Rawls's liberalism as a model lacking in practical applicability even from a normative reading. Finally, this article will demonstrate how such constructions of liberalism exclude Muslims from agency within a Rawlsian liberal society and contribute to the development and institutionalization of Islamophobia in such societies.
AN ISSUE OF INTELLIGENT ROAD TRANSPORT IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Abishev Kairatolla , Mukanov Ruslan B. , Kasenov Asylbek Zh. , Baltabekova Almagul N.
Published: January 2018

The article reviewed the road transport sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan and found a significant role in ensuring road transport of freight and passengers. Shown needs to improve the work of transport-communication complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of using the latest information and communication technologies. Described advantages of realization of several intellectual transport technologies. Presented modern level of using satellite navigational systems on the automobiles, in addition written some automation and informational aspects of controlling transport processes. Also presented measures to solve technological rearmament problem of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
MODEL CAR TRANSPORT SYSTEM - MODERN ITS EDUCATION TOOL
Authors: Bouchner Karel , Mashko Alina
Published: January 2018

The model car transport system is a laboratory intended for a practical development in the area of the motor traffic. It is also an important education tool for students’ hands-on training, enabling students to test the results of their own studies. The main part of the model car transportation network is a model in a ratio 1:87 (HO), based on component units of FALLER Car system, e.g. cars, traffic lights, carriage way, parking spaces, stop sections, branch-off junctions, sensors and control sections. The model enables to simulate real traffic situations. It includes a motor traffic in a city, in a small village, on a carriageway between a city and a village including a railway crossing. The traffic infrastructure includes different kinds of intersections, such as T-junctions, a classic four-way crossroad and four-way traffic circle, with and without traffic lights control. Another important part of the model is a segment of a highway which includes an elevated crossing with highway approaches and exits.
QFD EXAMPLE IN INTERACTION WITH HMI
Authors: Chudjaková Inga , Tobiška Jaromír
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the application of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method and shows how we can use this method in the automotive industry. The cockpit of the modern car is still developing and changing according to technical progress and customers’ requirements. The QFD method enables the setting of the customers’ requirements and then puts them into technical expression. The matrix of QFD sets those technical expressions that are the most important properties customers expect. These chosen properties can be tested during the technical development. The testing of new HMI concepts goes through a driving simulator and can suggest which one is suitable for being used in a real car.
AN INTELLIGENT CO-DRIVER SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Rothkrantz Leon , Toma Madalina , Popa Mirela
Published: January 2018

In recent years many car manufacturers developed digital co-drivers , which are able to monitor the driving behaviour of a car. Sensors in the car measure if a car passes speed limits, leaves its lane, or violates other traffic rules. A new generation of co-drivers is based on sensors in the car which are able to monitor the driver behaviour. Driving a car is a sequence of actions. In case a driver doesn’t show one of the actions the co-driver generates a warning signal. Experiments in the car simulator TORC were performed to extract the actions of a car driver. These actions were used to develop probabilistic models of the driving behaviour. A prototype of a warning system has been developed and tested in the car simulator. The experiments and test results will be reported in this paper.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR MODELS OF HUMAN OPERATOR
Authors: Ruzek Martin
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a new approach to mental functions modeling with the use of artificial neural networks. The artificial neural networks seems to be a promising method for the modeling of a human operator because the architecture of the ANN is directly inspired by the biological neuron. On the other hand, the classical paradigms of artificial neural networks are not suitable because they simplify too much the real processes in biological neural network. The search for a compromise between the complexity of biological neural network and the practical feasibility of the artificial network led to a new learning algorithm. This algorithm is based on the classical multilayered neural network; however, the learning rule is different. The neurons are updating their parameters in a way that is similar to real biological processes. The basic idea is that the neurons are competing for resources and the criterion to decide which neuron will survive is the usefulness of the neuron to the whole neural network. The neuron is not using "teacher" or any kind of superior system, the neuron receives only the information that is present in the biological system. The learning process can be seen as searching of some equilibrium point that is equal to a state with maximal importance of the neuron for the neural network. This position can change if the environment changes. The name of this type of learning, the homeostatic artificial neural network, originates from this idea, as it is similar to the process of homeostasis known in any living cell. The simulation results suggest that this type of learning can be useful also in other tasks of artificial learning and recognition.