bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic tropical cyclone precipitation field generation
Authors: Kleiber William , Sain Stephan , Madaus Luke , Harr Patrick
Published: October 2022

Tropical cyclones are important drivers of coastal flooding which have severe negative public safety and economic consequences. Due to the rare occurrence of such events, high spatial and temporal resolution historical storm precipitation data are limited in availability. This article introduces a statistical tropical cyclone space‐time precipitation generator given limited information from storm track datasets. Given a handful of predictor variables that are common in either historical or simulated storm track ensembles such as pressure deficit at the storm's center, radius of maximal winds, storm center and direction, and distance to coast, the proposed stochastic model generates space‐time fields of quantitative precipitation over the study domain. Statistically novel aspects include that the model is developed in Lagrangian coordinates with respect to the dynamic storm center that uses ideas from low‐rank representations along with circular process models. The model is trained on a set of tropical cyclone data from an advanced weather forecasting model over the Gulf of Mexico and southern United States, and is validated by cross‐validation. Results show the model appropriately captures spatial asymmetry of cyclone precipitation patterns, total precipitation as well as the local distribution of precipitation at a set of case study locations along the coast. We additionally compare our model against a widely‐used statistical forecast, and illustrate that our approach better captures uncertainty, as well as storm characteristics such as asymmetry.
Functional connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems
Authors: Wang Rui , Mo Fan , Shen Yuhao , Song Yu , Cai Huanhuan , Zhu Jiajia
Published: October 2022

The diverse functional roles of the insula may emerge from its heavy connectivity to an extensive network of cortical and subcortical areas. Despite several previous attempts to investigate the hierarchical organization of the insula by applying the recently developed gradient approach to insula‐to‐whole brain connectivity data, little is known about whether and how there is variability across connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems. Resting‐state functional MRI data from 793 healthy subjects were used to discover and validate functional connectivity gradients of the insula, which were computed based on its voxel‐wise functional connectivity profiles to distinct cerebral systems. We identified three primary patterns of functional connectivity gradients of the insula to distinct cerebral systems. The connectivity gradients to the higher‐order transmodal associative systems, including the prefrontal, posterior parietal, temporal cortices, and limbic lobule, showed a ventroanterior‐dorsal axis across the insula; those to the lower‐order unimodal primary systems, including the motor, somatosensory, and occipital cortices, displayed radiating transitions from dorsoanterior toward both ventroanterior and dorsoposterior parts of the insula; the connectivity gradient to the subcortical nuclei exhibited an organization along the anterior–posterior axis of the insula. Apart from complementing and extending previous literature on the heterogeneous connectivity patterns of insula subregions, the presented framework may offer ample opportunities to refine our understanding of the role of the insula in many brain disorders.
Approach to emergency dermatology cases in dogs and cats
Authors: De Bellis Filippo , Di Mattia Diana
Published: October 2022

Background: Skin disease is a common presentation in small animal, first‐opinion veterinary practice and it generally has an insidious onset, requiring long‐term management by both practitioners and clients. However, there are a handful of dermatopathies that occur acutely, causing striking skin lesions and/or systemic disease. The majority of these emergency dermatopathies are not regularly seen, thus the literature is minimal and practitioners may not be familiar with their aetiology, clinical appearance, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Aim of the article: This article discusses the key features of the main dermatological emergencies of dogs and cats, with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapeutic options.
Handling finances as a locum vet
Authors: Bleakly Neil
Published: October 2022

There are various ways that locum vets can handle their finances, with advantages and disadvantages to each approach. This article, the second in a three‐part financial series, outlines what you need to consider when assessing the best option for you, looking at the three main ways of locuming.
A bone‐on‐a‐chip collagen hydrogel‐based model using pre‐differentiated adipose‐derived stem cells for personalized bone tissue engineering
Authors: Alamán‐Díez Pilar , García‐Gareta Elena , Arruebo Manuel , Pérez María Ángeles
Published: October 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells have contributed to the continuous progress of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) possess many advantages compared to other origins including easy tissue harvesting, self‐renewal potential, and fast population doubling time. As multipotent cells, they can differentiate into osteoblastic cell linages. In vitro bone models are needed to carry out an initial safety assessment in the study of novel bone regeneration therapies. We hypothesized that 3D bone‐on‐a‐chip models containing ADSC could closely recreate the physiological bone microenvironment and promote differentiation. They represent an intermedium step between traditional 2D–in vitro and in vivo experiments facilitating the screening of therapeutic molecules while saving resources. Herein, we have differentiated ADSC for 7 and 14 days and used them to fabricate in vitro bone models by embedding the pre‐differentiated cells in a 3D collagen matrix placed in a microfluidic chip. Osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium mineralization, changes on cell morphology, and expression of specific proteins (bone sialoprotein 2, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein‐1, and osteocalcin) were evaluated to determine cell differentiation potential and evolution. This is the first miniaturized 3D‐in vitro bone model created from pre‐differentiated ADSC embedded in a hydrogel collagen matrix which could be used for personalized bone tissue engineering.
Mechanisms of magnesium oxide‐incorporated electrospun membrane modulating inflammation and accelerating wound healing
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Zhang Weixing , Chen Zhe , Ding Yangfan , Sun Binbin , Wang Hongsheng , Mo Xiumei , Wu Jinglei
Published: October 2022

Previously, we demonstrated that magnesium oxide (MgO)‐incorporated electrospun membranes show powerful antibacterial activity and promote wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely understood. Herein, we investigated the relationship between structure and function of MgO‐incorporated membranes and interrogated critical bioactive cues that contribute to accelerated wound healing and functional restoration. Our results show that MgO‐incorporated membranes exhibit good flexibility and improved water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) and sustained Mg2+ release in a simulated model of wounds. MgO‐incorporated membranes modulate macrophage phenotype to downregulate inflammatory response, contributing to alleviated inflammation and creating a favorable microenvironment for wound healing. Specifically, MgO‐incorporated membranes stimulate macrophages to shift to a pro‐healing M2 phenotype and upregulate pro‐healing cytokine of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and downregulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge conditions. Together with increased TGF‐β1 by macrophages, MgO‐incorporated membranes significantly boost the proliferation of fibroblasts and upregulate collagen production, thus driving granulation tissue formation and wound closure. MgO‐incorporated membranes promote angiogenesis by promoting tube formation and upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production of endothelial cells. Rapid epithelialization of regenerated skin tissue is attributed to the balanced phenotype of keratinocytes between proliferative and terminally differentiated populations. In addition to coordinating keratinocyte phenotype, MgO‐incorporated membranes reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1‐alpha (IL‐1α) therefore promoting hair follicle regeneration. These data provide mechanisms of MgO‐incorporated membranes that inhibit bacterial infection, alleviate inflammation, facilitate extracellular matrix production and epithelialization, and potentiate hair follicle regeneration.
Fabrication and histological evaluation of ant‐nest type porous carbonate apatite artificial bone using polyurethane foam as a porogen
Authors: Tan Janice Lay Tin , Shimabukuro Masaya , Kishida Ryo , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: October 2022

The composition of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) aids bone regeneration. Other features, such as porosity and pore interconnectivity of artificial bone, also govern bone regeneration. In general, a trade‐off exists between the porosity and mechanical strength of artificial bone. Therefore, this suggests that the interconnected pores in the ant‐nest‐type porous (ANP) structure of artificial bone accelerate bone regeneration by minimizing the sacrifice of mechanical strength. The unique structure of polyurethane foam has the potential to endow CO3Ap with an ANP structure without forming excess pores. This study investigated the efficacy of polyurethane foam as a porogen in providing ANP structure to CO3Ap artificial bone. The polyurethane foam was completely decomposed by sintering and the resulting CO3Ap displayed ANP structure with a compressive strength of approximately 15 MPa. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that the migration of cells and tissues into the interior of CO3Ap through the interconnected pores accelerated bone regeneration in the ANP‐structured CO3Ap. Thus, this indicates that using polyurethane foam as a porogen endows the CO3Ap artificial bone with an ANP structure that accelerates bone regeneration.
Identification of an m6A‐related lncRNA prognostic signature in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Zhi‐Liang , Yang Xiaoling , Shen Cheng‐Long , Zhou Guo‐Qiang
Published: October 2022

Data sets of colorectal cancer (CRC) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), three N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) subtypes were identified using 21 m6A‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and differential m6A subtypes of different CRC tumors were determined in this study to evaluate the m6A expression and the prognosis of patients with CRC. Subsequently, eight key lncRNAs were identified based on co‐expression with 21 m6A‐related genes in CRC tumors using the single‐factor Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Finally, an m6A‐related lncRNA risk score model of CRC tumor was established using multifactor Cox regression based on the eight important lncRNAs and found to have a better performance in evaluating the prognosis of patients in the TCGA‐CRC data set. TCGA‐CRC tumor samples were divided based on the risk scores: high and low. Then, the clinical characteristics, tumor mutation load, and tumor immune cell infiltration difference between the high‐ and low‐risk‐score groups were explored, and the predictive ability of the risk score was assessed for immunotherapeutic benefits. We found that the risk score model can determine the overall survival, be a relatively independent prognostic indicator, and better evaluate the immunotherapeutic benefits for patients with CRC. This study provides data support for accurate immunotherapy in CRC.
Differential role of Pax6 and its interaction with Shh–Gli1–IDH2 axis in regulation of glioma growth and chemoresistance
Authors: Farheen Shirin , Ahmed Swalih P. , Mariyath P. M. Mubeena , Kausar Tasneem , Hoda Md. Fakhrul , Arif Sayeedul H. , Nayeem Shahid M. , Ali Asif , Chosdol Kunzang , Shahi Mehdi H.
Published: October 2022

Glioma is a major brain tumor, and the associated mortality rate is very high. Contemporary therapies provide a chance of survival for 9–12 months. Therefore, a novel approach is essential to improve the survival rate. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) cell signaling is critical for early development in various tumors. This investigation attempted to explore the potential interaction and regulation of Shh–Gli1 cell signaling in association with paired box 6 (Pax6) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). The expression pattern of Shh, Gli1, Pax6, and IDH2 was examined by transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry, and confocal images. The results suggest the interaction of Shh–Gli1 cell signaling pathway with Pax6 and IDH2 and potential regulation. Thereafter, we performed protein–protein docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) of Gli1 with Pax6 and IDH2. The results suggest differential dynamic interactions of Gli1‐IDH2 and Gli1‐Pax6. Gli1 knockdown downregulated the expression of Pax6 and upregulated the expression of IDH2. Moreover, Gli1 knockdown decreased the expression of the drug resistance gene MRP1. The knockdown of Pax6 gene in glioma cells downregulated the expression of Gli1 and IDH2 and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of the treatment of glioma cells with temozolomide (TMZ) and Gli1 inhibitor GANT61 was higher than that of TMZ alone. MDS results revealed that the interactions of Gli1 with IDH2 were stronger and more stable than those with Pax6. Intriguingly, inhibition of Pax6 promoted glioma growth even in the presence of TMZ. However, the tumor‐suppressive nature of Pax6 was altered when Gli1 was inhibited by GANT61, and it showed potential oncogenic character, as observed in other cancers. Therefore, we conclude that Pax6 interacted with IDH2 and Gli1 in glioma. Moreover, the Shh–Gli1–IDH2/Pax6 cell signaling axis provides a new therapeutic approach for inhibiting the progression of the disease and mitigating drug resistance in glioma.
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 6.Amphibiobeania epiphylla
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Waeschenbach Andrea , De Blauwe Hans , Gordon Dennis P.
Published: October 2022

Ctenostome bryozoans are unmineralized and mostly marine. Their lack of calcified skeletal features requires other characters to be considered for systematic and phylogenetic considerations. As a continuation of an ongoing series of studies, we herein investigate the morphology ofAmphibiobeania epiphylla, a unique bryozoan inhabiting mangrove leaves that are highly exposed to tidal cycles and regular dry events according to the tidal cycle. Besides this interesting mode of life, the species was originally interpreted to be a weakly mineralized cheilostome bryozoan, whereas molecular data place it among ctenostome bryozoans. To elucidate the systematic and phylogenetic position of the genus and also find morphological adaptations to an extreme habitat, we investigated the morphology ofA. epiphyllain detail. Zooids show a lophophore with eight tentacles and a simple gut with a prominent caecum, lophophoral anus and most notably a distinct gizzard in the cardiac region. Gizzard teeth are multiple, simple homogeneous cuticular structures. The cuticle of the zooid is rather uniform and shows no respective thickenings into opercular flaps or folds. Likewise, apertural muscles are represented by a single pair of muscles. There are no specific closing muscles in the apertural area like the operculum occlusors of cheilostomes. Most prominent within zooids is a spongiose tissue filling most of the body cavity. Although not properly understood, this tissue may aid in keeping animals moist and hydrated during prolonged dry times. In summary, all morphological characters support a ctenostome rather than a cheilostome affinity, possibly with Vesicularioidea or Victorelloidea. In addition, we provide new molecular data that clearly supports such a closer relationship.
Quantitative Assessment of Restriction Spectrum MR Imaging for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer and Association With Prognostic Factors
Authors: Qin Yanjin , Tang Caili , Hu Qilan , Zhang Yunfei , Yi Jingru , Dai Yongming , Ai Tao
Published: October 2022

Background

Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is an advanced quantitative diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) technique to assess breast cancer.

Purpose

To investigate the ability of RSI to differentiate the benign and malignant breast lesions and the association with prognostic factors of breast cancer.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Seventy women (mean age, 49.6 ± 12.3 years) with 56 malignant and 19 benign breast lesions.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T; RSI‐based DWI sequence with echo‐planar imaging technique.

Assessment

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and RSI parameters (restricted diffusion f1, hindered diffusion f2, free diffusion f3, and signal fractions f1f2) were calculated by two readers for the whole lesion volume and compared between the benign and malignant groups and the subgroups with different statuses of prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U test or Student's t‐test was applied to compare the quantitative parameters between the different groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess readers' reproducibility. Binary logistic regression was used to combine parameters. Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of parameters to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Malignant breast lesions showed significantly lower ADC and f3 values, and significantly higher f1 and f1f2 values than the benign lesions, with AUC of 0.951, 0.877, 0.868, and 0.860, respectively. When RSI‐derived parameters and ADC were combined, the diagnostic performance was superior to either single parameter (AUC = 0.973). The f3 value was significantly differed between estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative tumors. The ADC, f1, f3, and f1f2 values were significantly different progesterone receptor (PR)‐positive and PR‐negative status.

Data Conclusion

The RSI‐derived parameters (f1, f3, and f1f2) may facilitate the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Polarized Raman spectroscopy on topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Tanaka Kenya , Nishihara Taishi , Takakura Akira , Segawa Yasutomo , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyauchi Yuhei
Published: October 2022

We present polarized Raman spectroscopy of the topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2, which was recently shown to host a Weyl semimetal phase. Stokes Raman spectra were obtained with the incident light parallel to the c‐axis of Co3Sn2S2. Two major phonon Raman peaks were observed at 289 and 386 cm−1 over continuous background emission signals. The intensity of the low‐wavenumber (289 cm−1) peak showed no polarization dependence. The high‐wavenumber (386 cm−1) peak and the continuous background signal were strongly polarized in the incident light polarization direction. These responses were almost independent of the in‐plane crystal orientation to the incident polarization, as is the manifestation of the
point group symmetry of the unit cell of Co3Sn2S2. According to the group theory and Raman tensor analyses, the low‐ and high‐wavenumber Raman signals are attributed to Γ point phonon modes with
and
symmetries, respectively. Furthermore, line shape analyses revealed that the high‐wavenumber
mode exhibited asymmetric peak feature well described by the Breit–Wigner–Fano function. These results suggest the Fano resonance between the
phonon scattering with the continuous electronic background associated with low energy excitations near the Fermi energy. The clarified phonon energies and symmetries, as well as the electronic contribution to the Raman scattering, will not only be useful as a fingerprint to readily verify the experimentally grown or theoretically calculated crystal structure but also suggest importance of Raman spectroscopy as an effective tool to study low energy excitations and their interactions in Co3Sn2S2.
Enhancing the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide in Lactococcus lactis by heterologous expression of FtnadE*
Authors: Kong Ling‐Hui , Liu Tai‐Yu , Yao Qing‐Shou , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Xu Wei‐Na , Qin Jia‐Yang
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, plays an important in anti‐aging and disease. Lactococcus lactis, an important probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has shown great potential for the biosynthesis of NMN, which will significantly affect the probiotic effects of the dairy products.

RESULTS

We used the CRISPR/nCas9 technique to knockout nadR gene of L. lactis NZ9000 to enhance the accumulation of NMN by 61%. The nadE* gene from Francisella tularensis with codon optimization was heterologous in L. lactis NZ9000ΔnadR and has a positive effect on NMN production. Combined with optimization of the concentration of substrate nicotinamide, a final intracellular NMN titer was 2289 μmol L–1 mg–1 with 10 g L–1 nicotinamide supplement, which was 5.7‐fold higher than that of the control. The transcription levels of key genes (pncA, nadD and prs1) involved in NMN biosynthesis were up‐regulated by more than two‐fold, indicating that the increase of NMN titer was attributed to FtnadE* heterologous expression.

CONCLUSION

Our study provides a better understanding of the NMN biosynthesis pathway in L. lactis, and can facilitate NMN production in LAB via synthetic biology approaches. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Baseline executive functioning moderates treatment‐related changes in quality of life in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid traumatic brain injury
Authors: Crocker Laura D. , Sullan Molly J. , Jurick Sarah M. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Davey Delaney K. , Hoffman Samantha N. , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Jak Amy J.
Published: October 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment has been associated with improvement in quality of life (QOL); however, little is known about factors that moderate treatment‐related changes in QOL, particularly cognitive factors. Executive functioning (EF) is important for success across all aspects of everyday life and predicts better psychological and physical health. EF is important to QOL, but more work is needed to better understand the association between EF and QOL improvements following interventions. We hypothesized that poorer baseline EF would be associated with less improvement in overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with health following PTSD treatment. U.S. veterans who served after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (post 9–11; N = 80) with PTSD and a history of mild‐to‐moderate traumatic brain injury were randomized to standard cognitive processing therapy (CPT) or CPT combined with cognitive rehabilitation (SMART‐CPT). Multilevel modeling was used to examine whether baseline EF performance was associated with changes in QOL scores from pretreatment to follow‐up across both groups. Results indicated that poorer baseline performance on EF tests of working memory and inhibition were associated with less treatment‐related improvements in general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health, rs = .26–.36. Treatment condition did not moderate any results. Future research should examine whether implementing EF‐focused techniques before and/or concurrently with CPT for individuals with poorer baseline working memory and inhibition enhances QOL treatment gains, particularly in terms of general life and health‐related satisfaction.
Effects of cationic and anionic micelles on the redox reaction of Erythrosine B by H2O2 in presence of Cu‐Fe nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Zaheer , AL‐Thabaiti Shaeel Ahmad , Singh Bhawana , Rafiquee M. Z. A.
Published: October 2022

Kinetic investigation of the degradation of Erythrosine B (EB) by H2O2 and copper‐iron bimetallic nanoparticles was carried out spectrophotometrically. The degradation was carried out under the condition of sonication at 40°C. The co‐precipitation method was used for the fabrication of CuO/Fe2O3 (Cu‐Fe) in an alkaline solution and characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, and BET methods. In the absence of the Cu‐Fe, no degradation of EB by H2O2 was observed. The presence of Cu‐Fe resulted into the degradation of EB by H2O2. The kinetics of the degradation was studied under the conditions of variation of the amount of nanoparticles and at different concentrations of EB, H2O2, H+, surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate; SDS and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTABr). The rate of reaction depends on the amount of Cu‐Fe and [H2O2]. The rate constant values gave the peaked like curve (with maximum value at pH 3) at different pH. The dye degradation decreased with the increase in presence of (SDS) and (CTABr).
Heart rate variability in marketing research: A systematic review and methodological perspectives
Authors: Kakaria Shobhit , Bigné Enrique , Catrambone Vincenzo , Valenza Gaetano
Published: October 2022

Heart rate variability is a promising physiological measurement that accesses psychophysiological variations in response to a marketing stimulus. While its application spans diverse fields, there is a limited understanding of the usability and interpretation of heart rate variability in marketing research. Therefore, this hybrid literature review provides an overview of the emerging use of heart rate variability in marketing research, along with essential methodological considerations. In this context, we blend marketing mix framework with stimulus‐organism‐response theory, segregating the use of heart rate variability in various marketing research contexts. We follow the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) framework to reflect on 33 records obtained from six databases. Our findings suggest that 42% of studies used heart rate variability to investigate promotion‐related topics. Overall, heart rate variability is mostly used in combination with Galvanic skin response (48%). Further, 39% of studies used non‐portable systems for data collection. Last, using the theory characteristics methodology (TCM) framework, we identified six research avenues: (1) affective, cognitive, and sensorial constructs; (2) personality, thinking style, and demographics; (3) product experience; (4) advertising and branding; (5) correlation with immersive technologies; and (6) triangulation with other neurophysiological tools.
A “Kinder and Gentler” Approach?
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: October 2022

Likely without exception, every set of eyes following these words across the page rests in front of a mind that, at some point (perhaps very recently!), has considered a union avoidance campaign. Over the years, Management Report has offered suggestions on strategies, things to consider, and practical advice. As with most business strategies, there is rarely a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach. The same is true with union avoidance.
Characterization of deferred type statistical convergence andP‐summability method for operators: Applications toq‐Lagrange–Hermite operator
Authors: Agrawal Purshottam Narain , Shukla Rahul , Baxhaku Behar
Published: October 2022

The present work considers two important convergence techniques, namely, deferred type statistical convergence and ‐summability method in respect of linear positive operators. With regard to these techniques, following closely the ideas developed in the articles (Appl. Math. Lett.18, 2005, 1339‐1344, andSau Paulo J. Math. Sci.13, 2019, 696‐707), we state and prove two general non‐trivial Korovkin‐type approximation results for positive linear operators. Further, we define an operator based on multivariate ‐Lagrange–Hermite polynomials and exhibit the applicability of the above theorems to these operators.
A Choquard‐type equation with a singular absorption nonlinearity in two dimensions
Authors: Anthal Gurdev C. , Giacomoni Jacques , Sreenadh Konijeti
Published: October 2022

In this article, we show the existence of a nonnegative solution to the singular problem
posed in a bounded domain
in
(see below). We achieve this by approximating the singular function
by a function
, which pointwisely converges to
as
. Using variational techniques, the perturbed equation
is shown to have a solution
when the parameter
is small enough. Letting
and proving a pointwise gradient estimate, we show that the solution
converges to a nontrivial nonnegative solution of the original problem
.
Numerical solutions of generalized Rosenau–KDV–RLW equation by using Haar wavelet collocation approach coupled with nonstandard finite difference scheme and quasilinearization
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Rawani Mukesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

In this article, we analyze and propose to compute the numerical solutions of a generalized Rosenau–KDV–RLW (Rosenau‐Korteweg De Vries‐Regularized Long Wave) equation based on the Haar wavelet (HW) collocation approach coupled with nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme and quasilinearization. In the process of the numerical solution, the NSFD scheme is applied to discretize the first‐order time derivative, Haar wavelets are applied on spatial derivatives and the non‐linear term is taken care by quasilinearization technique. To discuss the efficiency of the method we compute error and error. We also use discrete mass and energy conservation to check the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The computed results have been compared with the existing methods, for example, three‐level average implicit finite difference technique, B‐spline collocation, three‐level linear conservative implicit finite difference scheme and conservative fourth‐order stable finite difference scheme.
Study on impact behavior of glass fiber/PVC curved sandwich structure composites
Authors: Liu Ce , Ma Caixia , Gao Xiaoping
Published: October 2022

Composite materials have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high modulus, and corrosion resistance. In this article, glass fiber/PVC curved sandwich structure composites with three curvature radiuses (80, 150, and 260 mm) and different sandwich structures were prepared by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The specimens were subjected to quasi‐static indentation test and drop hammer impact test. The influence of curvature radius and ply sequence on the impact behavior of composites were analyzed by comparing the load displacement curve, pit depth, and energy loss. The compression after impact of specimens with different curvature radius and structure was carried out to explore the damage limit and toughness of composites. It is found that the maximum tensile properties of sandwich specimens are determined by the degree of resin infiltration into PVC foam panels. The impact performance is mainly attributed to the laying sequences of reinforcement. The instantaneous impact performance of free falling body is greatly affected by the curvature radius, and the post impact compression performance of sandwich composites is increased with increase of the curvature. The research could provide a theoretical basis for the application of combining curved surface and sandwich structure composites.
Fundamental influences of propylene‐based elastomer on the foaming properties of high melt strength polypropylene based on extrusion foaming
Authors: Ma Yufei , Xin Chunling , Huang Gang , Wang Yaxian , He Yadong
Published: October 2022

High melt strength polypropylene (HMS‐PP)/propylene‐based elastomer (PBE) microcellular foams were prepared by the extrusion foam method. The fundamental mechanism of PBE improving the foaming properties of HMS‐PP was investigated. PBE 6102, with a low melt flow rate and high ethylene content, enables HMS‐PP/PBE blends to form a microphase‐separated structure and maintain good melt strength and pronounced strain hardening, which would promote cell nucleation and hold cell structure at relatively high temperatures. Furthermore, PBE 6102 postpones HMS‐PP crystallization and decreases the optimum foaming temperature, which helps balance melt elasticity and viscosity near the foaming window to avoid cell rupturing and merging. The introduction of PBE 6102 does not reduce the crystallization rate of HMS‐PP nor the crystallinity of the foamed samples, fixing the cell structure to prevent collapse during the cell solidification stage. Microcellular HMS‐PP/PBE 6102 foams with a high expansion ratio, small cell size, and large cell count were successfully fabricated.
Simplified mathematical modeling and parametric study on friction coefficient of rubber materials for vehicle's tire application
Authors: Kelly Michael , Farhad Siamak
Published: October 2022

The properties of rubber have allowed it to be utilized across many different industries. One of the industries that use rubber is the tire industry. The rubber used in tires affects the performance of the vehicle such as its fuel consumption and safety. Hence, study on tire performance becomes important from different aspects. This study will look at the calculation of the friction coefficient of tire rubbers, which affects vehicle safety, based on studies conducted by different research groups. By combining different models, we suggest a new simple model to predict the friction coefficient. Several discussions in the article will be for validation of the model and its range of applications. We then implement a parametric analysis to determine which factors critically affect the friction coefficient. By finding the sensitivity of the inputs of the model/code, the critical factors can be identified and focused on. The parameters that are studied are the storage modulus, loss modulus, surface asperities heights, the surface asperities wavelength, and the adhesive contribution to friction. The adhesion and hysteresis contributions to the friction coefficient are also discussed in this article. It is shown that the adhesive contribution plays a large role in determining the friction coefficient.
Diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with autism and ADHD
Authors: Hatch Burt , Kadlaskar Girija , Miller Meghan
Published: October 2022

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are neurodevelopmental disorders that emerge in childhood. There is increasing recognition that ADHD and autism frequently co‐occur. Yet, questions remain among clinicians regarding the best ways to evaluate and treat co‐occurring autism and ADHD. This review outlines issues relevant to providing evidence‐based practice to individuals and families who may be experiencing difficulties associated with co‐occurring autism and ADHD. After describing the complexities of the co‐occurrence of autism and ADHD, we present practical considerations for best practice assessment and treatment of co‐occurring autism and ADHD. Regarding assessment, this includes considerations for interviewing parents/caregivers and youth, using validated parent and teacher rating scales, conducting cognitive assessments, and conducting behavior observations. Regarding treatment, consideration is given to behavioral management, school‐based interventions, social skills development, and the use of medications. Throughout, we note the quality of evidence that supports a particular component of assessment or treatment, highlighting when evidence is most relevant to those with co‐occurring autism and ADHD across stages of development. In light of the current evidence for assessment and treatment of co‐occurring autism and ADHD, we conclude by outlining practical implications for clinical and educational practice.
Nitrogen dioxide, an EPA parameter, may forecast the incidence of asthma exacerbations across urban areas: An observational study
Authors: Solanki Neha , Bruckman David , Wang Xiaofeng , Tang Anne , Attaway Amy , Khatri Sumita
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Efforts to reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to asthma in children. We analyze the associations of pediatric hospital admission rates for asthma with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) NO2 parameters at the patient zip code level.

Methods

We identified zip codes that had EPA monitors which monitored NO2 levels located in states with high asthma burden. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Database (SID) to identify patients who were <17 years of age with diagnosis codes for asthma. We compared NO2 levels at the zip code level with the number of patients hospitalized for asthma from the HCUP SID database.

Results

Data from zip codes in Buffalo, Detroit, Phoenix, and Tucson from 2009 to 2011 demonstrated that the monthly mean NO2 levels predicted pediatric asthma hospital admission rates in six monitored zip codes in these four cities with time series modeling (Buffalo zip code 14206, p = 0.0089; Detroit zip code 48205, p = 0.0179; Phoenix zip code 85006, p = 0.0433; Phoenix zip code 85009, p = 0.0007; Phoenix zip code 85015, p = 0.0036; Tucson zip code 85711, p = 0.0004).

Conclusion

Pediatric admissions to the hospital for asthma exacerbations mirror the cyclic and seasonal pattern of NO2 levels in the cities of Detroit, Buffalo, Phoenix, and Tucson. While traffic density may be higher in cities with periodicity of NO2 and asthma exacerbations, other factors could be contributing to high NO2 levels.
Characterizing the lethal and sub‐lethal effects of genetically modified soybean expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins against Spodoptera species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil
Authors: Barcellos Giovani A , Hanich Manoela R , Pretto Venicius E , Weschenfelder Marlon A G , Horikoshi Renato J , Dourado Patrick M , Ovejero Ramiro F L , Berger Geraldo U , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham P , Bernardi Oderlei
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

MON 87701 × MON 89788 × MON 87751 × MON 87708 soybean, that expresses Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins and confers tolerance to glyphosate and dicamba, is a potential tool for managing Spodoptera species in soybean fields in Brazil. In this study, we characterized the lethal and sub‐lethal effects of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean against Spodoptera species and genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda resistant and susceptible to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. These evaluations were also conducted with MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, which expresses Cry1Ac protein.

RESULTS

Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean caused high lethality in neonates of Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera albula. However, it showed low lethality in S. frugiperda genotypes homozygous for resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins but reduced their population growth potential. No relevant lethal effects of Cry1Ac soybean were detected in the Spodoptera species and genotypes evaluated. Spodoptera frugiperda genotypes heterozygous for Cry1 and Cry2 resistance were controlled by Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean, with no insects developing into adults. This Bt soybean also caused intermediate mortality of neonates of Spodoptera eridania (60%–83%) but no surviving larvae developed to adulthood, resulting in population suppression.

CONCLUSIONS

Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean caused high mortality of S. cosmioides, S. albula, and S. frugiperda genotypes susceptible to Cry1 and Cry2 and heterozygous for Cry1 and Cry2 resistance. This Bt soybean also suppressed population growth of S. eridania but had minimal impact on S. frugiperda homozygous for resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. Cry1Ac soybean had minimal impact on all Spodoptera species and genotypes evaluated. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cs2SnX4 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Multilayers: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Xu Ling , Wang Pingjian , Kang Yunxin , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Chen Mingyu , Wu Qingyu , Sun Chengshuai , Qiao Zhuhui , Lin Zhonghai
Published: October 2022

The Cs2SnX4 (X = Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites are currently emerging as a new family of 2D materials and promising candidates for photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the Cs2SnX4 multilayers (Ms) with 1–3 layers are investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The structural properties show that the bond length variation of Cs2SnX4 is closely related to surface effects. The Cs2SnCl4 Ms have the lowest formation energies and the best stability, and the formation energies decrease and the stability improves when the number of layers increases. The electronic properties show that the direct‐bandgap semiconductor Cs2SnX4 Ms bandgap values (Cl: 1.513–1.188–0.932, Br: 1.342–1.015–0.862, I: 1.198–0.903–0.729) decrease with the change from 1 to 3 layers and from Cl to I. The p orbitals of X atoms and 5p orbitals of Sn atoms are mainly involved in conduction. The optical properties indicate that Cs2SnX4 Ms achieve coverage and adjustability in the near‐infrared and visible‐light ranges. The calculations provide a fundamental theoretical basis for the research and application of Cs2SnX4.
The effects of curcumin‐containing supplements on inflammatory biomarkers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arabi Seyyed Mostafa , Bahari Hossein , Hamidipor Sina , Bahrami Leila Sadat , Feizy Zahra , Nematy Mohsen , Kesharwani Prashant , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: October 2022

In the past decade, the effect of curcumin or turmeric supplementation on many aspects of health status in different populations has been evaluated. In the present study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to estimate the effect of curcumin administration on inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases from 1997 until June2022 for terms related to curcumin/turmeric and hemodialysis (HD). Randomized, double‐blind/single‐blind studies examining the effects of curcumin/turmeric on the inflammation of HD participants older than 18 years were considered eligible for inclusion. Data were pooled using the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI as the summary statistic, considering a random‐effects analysis model. The data that were pooled from nine studies with 472 patients indicated that curcumin‐containing supplement had significant effect on serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = −3.3 mg/L; 95% CI: −5.4 to −1.3; p < 0.001, I2 = 76.7%, 8 studies, 467 participants), and interlukine‐6 (IL‐6) levels (SMD: −0.4; 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.07; p = 0.02, I2 = 31.6%, 3 studies, 153 participants) compared control group. Although curcumin intervention could not change tumor neurosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentration (SMD = −0.3; 95% CI: −0.7 to 0.04; p = 0.08, I2 = 25.3%, 3 studies, 153 participants), when compared with the placebo group. Our study's main limitations were small number of studies, overall high risk of bias in the included trials, and high heterogeneity in some results. The present meta‐analysis suggested that intervention with curcumin‐containing supplements was associated with a significant reduction in serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 concentrations in HD patients. The curcumin intervention in the reduction of hs‐CRP levels was greater than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for CRP (0.5 mg/L), which can be helpful in physicians' clinical decisions.
Leaderless output sign consensus of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems over signed graphs
Authors: Meng Yihan , Wang Shimin , Zhang Hongwei
Published: October 2022

This article studies leaderless output sign consensus of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems over directed signed graphs. The multi‐agent system can synchronize in the same sign concurrently with time‐varying values without an explicit leadership. Established on the assumption that the adjacency matrix of the signed graph is eventually positive, an autonomous system is constructed by utilizing a distributed sign observer. This autonomous system is not pre‐specified but arises from the graph topology and the initial states of the agents. In light of this distributed sign observer, we propose a state feedback controller and an output feedback controller that drive the outputs of such multi‐agent systems to reach sign consensus.
Identification of salmon redds using RPV‐based imagery produces comparable estimates to ground counts with high inter‐observer variability
Authors: Auerbach Daniel S , Fremier Alexander K
Published: October 2022

An integral part of population monitoring within fisheries is ground‐based surveys of fish redds. Remotely piloted vehicles or drones (RPVs) could provide a complementary method but need verification due to a host of methodological differences. To compare methods, we counted summer Chinook redds (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (~6 m2 in size) using RPVs and compared them to ground‐based counts in the Wenatchee River (WA, USA). We found individual aerial counts were many times twice the corresponding ground counts. We also found large inter‐observer variability among aerial counters. The coefficient of variation among multiple aerial counts were 37%, 38%, and 50% across three sites, which are comparable to published variation in ground counts. We attribute inter‐observer variability to inherent uncertainties in redd identification similar to ground counting, and importantly, we did not see evidence that the clarity of substrate in the image influenced observer bias. Overall, our data suggest that redd counting using RPVs is an effective method, particularly in high‐density spawning locations. We conclude that RPV imagery accurately identifies redds in a clear, relatively wide (60 m) river, but suggest continuing research into increasing precision, limiting observer variability, and assessing the accuracy across methods and locations.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Reaction Conditions in the Enzymatically Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(ϵ‐Caprolactone)
Authors: Posada Néstor Camilo , Sierra Cesar A. , Perez Leon D.
Published: October 2022

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible polymer that degrades slowly in physiological environments. Properties, including flexibility and easy processability, endow PCL with a high potential for being used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Typically, PCL is synthesized by high energy‐consuming ring‐opening polymerization processes catalyzed by metallic compounds. In addition, obtaining safe PCL requires tedious purification procedures that, in turn, reduce yield and generate large amounts of toxic emissions. As an alternative, PCL can be synthesized by employing lipases as enzymatic catalysts. However, the properties of the resulting polymer are highly dependent on the experimental conditions. In this paper, we studied the effect of synthesis variables, such as solvent, temperature, the concentration of monomer and catalyst, and lipase source, on the molecular weight of PCL and the reaction yield. According to the results, the highest molecular weight and monomer conversion were obtained when ϵ‐caprolactone was polymerized by 10 % of heterogeneous catalyst that contains Candida Antarctica lipase B in toluene at 70 °C. Under these conditions, polymerization exhibited controlled characteristics and allowed obtaining a polymer with a molecular weight of 14.12 kDa while the dispersion index was 1.34. The enzymatic catalyst was stable and allowed PCL formation over five usage cycles with minor activity loss. The reported findings suggest that immobilized Candida Antarctica lipase B is a suitable catalyst for the synthesis of PCL and could be employed at a large scale with minor energy consumption and shorter reaction times compared with the conventional processes.