bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Mimicker: A Novel Entity
Authors: Azmi Kehkashan E
Published: July 2019

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst of jaws with a frequency of approximately 0.2%. Because of its aggressive biological behavior including its malignant transformation potential, recently collaborative efforts by few researchers have laid down certain histopathological criteria segregating it from its mimickers which include dentigerous cyst, lateral periodontal cyst (LPC), or botryoid cyst, radicular cyst, and central low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore, cautious histopathological evaluation is necessary of GOC mimickers in order to prevent its overdiagnosis. Here, we present a case of GOC mimicker in a 12-year-old male patient in left maxillary region.

How to cite this article

Azmi KE, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Mimicker: A Novel Entity. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):145-148.
Comparative Evaluation of Solubilities of Two Nanohybrid Composite Resins in Saliva Substitute and Distilled Water: An in vitro Study
Authors: Walzade Pranjal S , MV Sumanthini , U Shenoy Vanitha , Mahajan Rohini P
Published: July 2019

Aim of the study

To determine the solubility of nanohybrid (NH) composite resins when immersed in saliva substitute and distilled water.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (n = 30) were prepared in teflon molds of diameter 10 mm × 2 mm thickness from two NH composite resins. They were light-cured following which the samples were removed and weighed three times using a digital balance. Samples were then immersed in test solutions, i.e., 100 mL of distilled water and saliva substitute each stored for 24 hours and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in an incubator at 37°C at 100% humidity. At the time intervals mentioned, the samples were removed from the incubator, washed with distilled water, blotted dry, and weighed. Samples were again immersed in fresh test solutions. Difference in preweight and postweight of samples was calculated and data were analyzed using appropriate test by testing normality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results

The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As observed from the baseline weight to the 28th day weight, there was a loss of weight of the samples in all the groups except NH composite resin (Flash) in distilled water.

Conclusion

From the results of the study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in weight, with respect to the solubility of the two NH composite resins and the two solutions tested. Clinical significance of the study is that the NH composite resin that shows lesser solubility can be the choice for an esthetic restorative material in patients for long-term results.

How to cite this article

Mahajan RP, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Walzade PS. Comparative Evaluation of Solubilities of Two Nanohybrid Composite Resins in Saliva Substitute and Distilled Water: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):82-85.
Cysticercosis presenting as Neck Swelling: A Rare Case diagnosed on Ultrasound Report
Authors: Chandak Manoj G , Rawlani Shivlal M , Chandak Rakhi M
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Cysticercosis is a condition that occurs when humans are infested by the larvae ofTaenia solium, acting as an intermediate host instead of definitive occurrence in neural and extra-neural forms. The latter commonly involves subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and eyes.

Aims and objectives

Oral cysticercosis is a rare event, and it represents great difficulty for clinical diagnosis. In present report we report a case of cysticercosis in the right submandibular region where it presented as a large, soft cystic swelling and tried to explain the clinical sign & symptom of oral cysticercosis. We emphasize on the importance of ultrasonographic and routine microscopic examinations for the diagnosis of even apparently innocuous lesions in submandibular regions.

Results

This is a very rare case of oral cysticercosis showing neck swelling extended from the lower border of the mandible to the thyroid cartilage. The diagnosis was made by sonography and confirmed by gross and microscopic examination of cysticercosis cellulosae. In ultrasonography, there was well-defined cystic lesion with hyperechoic eccentric tiny nodules.

How to cite this article

Chandak RM, Chandak MG, Rawlani SM. Cysticercosis presenting as Neck Swelling: A Rare Case diagnosed on Ultrasound Report. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):122-124.
Bilateral Ischial Tuberculosis
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Dhatt Sarvdeep , Virk Mandeep S
Published: July 2019

A unique case of bilateral ischial tuberculosis is presented with discussion of mode of spread of the case. Early diagnosis is mandatory for good results, and with a worldwide resurgence of the disease, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful for defining the exact extent of the disease and response to treatment.

How to cite this article

Dhillon MS, Virk MS, Dhatt SS. Bilateral Ischial Tuberculosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):197-198.
Congenital Renal Anomalies in Indian Population
Authors: Sahni Daisy , Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Kaur Harjeet , Chawla Kunal , Goyal Suresh K
Published: July 2019

The congenital anomalies of kidney are not uncommon. The incidence of renal anomalies varies from 1:400 for horseshoe kidney to 1:10,000 for bilateral renal agenesis. The most of this available data is from western populations. Little or no data is available on incidence of renal anomalies in Indian population. Our objective was to determine the incidence of congenital renal anomalies in Indian population. A retrospective analysis of observations made from 1,900 consecutive autopsies for presence of congenital renal anomalies was done. In 1,900 autopsies, there were nine cases of congenitally anomalous kidneys (42%). These anomalies included three cases of horseshoe kidney (16%), two cases of extrarenal calyces (12%), and one each of renal ectopia with fusion, trilobar kidney, polycystic kidney and unilateral renal agenesis. The incidence of renal anomalies in Indian population is relatively less as compared to their western counterparts.

How to cite this article

Gupta T, Goyal SK, Aggarwal A, Chawla K, Kaur H, Sahni D. Congenital Renal Anomalies in Indian Population. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):12-16.
Role of Structured Feedback of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills in improving Clinical Skill of Interns
Authors: Eralil Georgy J
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To assess clinical skills of interns in selected procedures using direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS)

To assess the change in procedural skills among students who received a structured feedback on DOPS.

Materials and methods

The study was interventional and conducted between December 2015 and February 2016 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. In the study, investigator observed the trainee performing a practical procedure within the workplace and recorded a rating for each competency on the assessment form. Feedback was given expanding on the reasons for any ratings of development required and makes practical suggestions for any remedial steps. The intern is reassessed for the same procedure at a later stage and the impact on skills is scored. Then the structured feedback is provided, and later on again the score on skills obtained by DOPS are compared between pre- and post-values by Wilcoxon-signed rank test.

Results

The average of pre- and post-feedback values were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The p-value calculated was <0.001, which is significant. None of the interns were competent to perform the procedure before feedback; 80% of them needed more practice and 20% needed supervision. After feedback, 53.3% achieved competency and 46.7% achieved competency needing supervision; 93.3% of interns regarded feedback as superior quality, while 6.7% regarded as satisfactory.

Conclusion

Direct observation of procedural skills can be used to assess clinical skills of interns in selected procedures and it brings changes in procedural skills among students who received a structured feedback on DOPS.

How to cite this article

Eralil GJ. Role of Structured Feedback of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills in improving Clinical Skill of Interns. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):22-27.
Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma arising at Splenic Flexure of Colon
Authors: Vellaisamy Gnanapriya , Rout Pritilata , Crasta Julian , Ravikumar Gayatri
Published: July 2019

Basaloid squamous carcinoma occurs most commonly in the upper aerodigestive tract. In the colon, the most common location is in the anal canal and is rarely reported proximal to the anal verge. Six cases are reported in the published literature, of which five are located distal to the splenic flexure. Outside the anal canal, it has been postulated that they arise from the basal cells, squamous metaplastic cells, or the cloacogenic embryologic cell rests. We report a case of a 57-year-old male patient who presented with short duration of abdominal pain and weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen revealed an irregular circumferential thickening in the terminal transverse colon, splenic flexure, and proximal descending colon. Colonoscopy showed a stricture in the splenic flexure, which was suspected for malignancy. Endoscopic biopsy was reported as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Left extended hemicolectomy was done, and a diagnosis of basaloid squamous carcinoma was made on histopathology. The tumor cells were positive for P63, CK 5/6; focally for CDX2; and negative for CK20, chromogranin, and CD56, confirming the histopathological diagnosis of basaloid squamous carcinoma. The patient is currently on adjuvant chemotherapy.

How to cite this article

Vellaisamy G, Ravikumar G, Crasta J, Rout P. Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma arising at Splenic Flexure of Colon. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):33-36.
Calf Muscles Hypertrophy in Sarcoglycanopathy
Authors: Modi Manish , Choudhary Aditya , Goyal Manoj , Radotra Bishan D , Vasishta Rakesh K , Gaspar Balan L
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Though calf muscle hypertrophy is thought to be a signatory finding of dystrophinopathies, it can also be observed in other muscular dystrophies. Failure to recognise this may result in diagnostic errors. We present a patient with delta sarcoglycanopathy who had hypertrophy of the brachioradialis, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum brevis.

How to cite this article

Choudhary A, Goyal M, Modi M, Radotra BD, Vasishta RK, Gaspar BL. Calf Muscles Hypertrophy in Sarcoglycanopathy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):40-41.
Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle
Authors: Kumar Anil , Hegde Gautham , Lekhadia Dhaval Ranjitbhai , Rai Rohan , Hegde Niveditha , Sorake Abhinay
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to establish a new cephalometric parameter, named the Dhaval—Rohan angle (DR), to assess the vertical skeletal patterns on a lateral cephalogram with accuracy and reproducibility.

Materials and methods

One hundred and twenty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the patients visiting the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics for treatment were obtained and divided into three groups. i.e., horizontal growth pattern, average growth pattern, and vertical growth pattern cases based on the routinely used cephalometric parameters; FMA, SN-GoGn, Y-axis angle and Jarabak ratio. This angle uses three skeletal landmarks, the point C (center of the condyle), point M (midpoint of premaxilla), and point G (center of the largest circle that is tangent to the internal inferior, anterior, and posterior surfaces of the mandibular symphysis).

Results

The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that the three groups studied were not the same for DR angle and the post hoc Tukey test found the groups to be significantly different. According to the Student's t-test, there was no statistically significant difference in mean values of DR angle between males and females.

Conclusion

Cephalometric evaluation of young adults shows that the DR angle below 28.5° indicates a horizontal growth pattern, between 28.5 and 32.5° indicate an average growth pattern and above 32.5° indicate a vertical growth pattern.

How to cite this article

Lekhadia DR, Rai R, Hegde N, Hegde G, Sorake A, Kumar A. Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):7-11.
Usefulness of Awake Craniotomy for Low-grade Gliomas in Eloquent Areas
Authors: Bhagat Hemant , Mahakul Dibya J , Aggarwal Ashish , Savardekar Amey R , Ahuja Chirag K , Gupta Sunil K
Published: July 2019

The biggest dilemma in a neurosurgeon's mind while operating upon low-grade gliomas in eloquent areas is—how to achieve maximal tumor excision while preserving the neurological function. This aim is difficult to achieve once patient is under general anesthesia and hence, patient cooperation cannot be sought to know the neurological function. A novel method to overcome this hurdle is to excise gliomas (especially in eloquent areas) in awake stage while constantly seeking patient cooperation to know the corresponding neurological function. In this study, we operated 10 patients in awake stage and achieved reasonable tumor excision with no added deficits at 3 months follow-up. Hence, this technique achieves a compromise between oncological principle of maximal tumor excision while simultaneously following the neurosurgical principle of no new added deficits.

How to cite this article

Mahakul DJ, Aggarwal A, Savardekar AR, Bhagat H, Ahuja CK, Gupta SK. Usefulness of Awake Craniotomy for Low-grade Gliomas in Eloquent Areas. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):74-78.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh: Running Fast to catch the Missed Bus
Authors: Arora Pankaj , Singh Gurpreet , Agarwal Ritesh , Ray Pallab , Kumar M Praveen , Shafiq Nusrat , Gautam Vikas , Kumar Gautam , Rohilla Rachna , Saha Shruti , Muralidharan Jayashree
Published: July 2019

Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated multidisciplinary effort directed at judicious use of antimicrobials. While antimicrobial stewardship is a routine activity in the developed world, the concept has evolved only of late in the developing countries including India. Started initially as a research project, a formal antimicrobial stewardship committee was constituted in the institute. The present article highlights the work done so far, problems faced, and the future of antimicrobial stewardship related activities in the institute.

How to cite this article

Shafiq N, Kumar MP, Kumar G, Rohilla R, Saha S, Gautam V, Agarwal R, Ray P, Singh G, Muralidharan J, Arora P. Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh: Running Fast to catch the Missed Bus. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(3):123-127.
Conventional and Advanced Diagnostic Tools in Oral Cancer with Emphasis on Role of Dentist and Early Detection
Authors: Singla Smit , Verma Akhilesh , Goyal Snehil , Singla Itika , Shetty Anjali
Published: July 2019

The prevalence of oral cancer is increasing worldwide day by day. Those who suffer from oral cancer have low survival rate compared with other cancer, mainly due to delay in the diagnosis, metastases, and presence of secondary tumors. For the dental profession, it is really challenging to diagnose oral precancer or oral cancer, particularly in its early stage of the disease. Early screening and advanced diagnostic tools play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment planning of patients suffering from oral cancer. The diagnosis method usually includes histopathology and visualization adjuncts, such as toluidine blue, vizilite, etc. This study reviews the development of new upcoming tools for early detection, emphasis on the importance of role of dentist, and early detection of oral cancer.

How to cite this article

Singla S, Verma A, Goyal S, Singla I, Shetty A. Conventional and Advanced Diagnostic Tools in Oral Cancer with Emphasis on Role of Dentist and Early Detection. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(3):128-133.
Factors leading to Nonhealing of severe Lip and Tongue Ulceration in a 10-month-old Infant with Spastic Quadriplegia
Authors: Gauba Krishan , Goyal Ashima , Kapur Aditi , Jaiswal Manoj A , Bhandari Sudhir
Published: July 2019

This paper reports a 10-month-old spastic quadriplegic male child presenting with severe ulceration of ventral surface of tongue and lower lip due to the presence of mandibular and maxillary primary central incisors. The patient was on antiepileptic medication since birth. The recent development of ulcers aggravated the already deficient dietary intake due to his compromised medical status. After considering various treatment modalities, a conservative approach to cover the mandibular teeth and gum pads with a splint made in a flexible denture material was decided. The appliance incorporated an extraoral wire component for prevention of risk of inadvertent ingestion and to aid in attaching retentive components as and when needed. The challenges faced by the clinicians and the pitfalls influencing the ultimate outcome with this intervention are described.

How to cite this article

Kapur A, Bhandari S, Goyal A, Gauba K, Jaiswal MA. Factors leading to Nonhealing of severe Lip and Tongue Ulceration in a 10-month-old Infant with Spastic Quadriplegia. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(3):140-143.
Sexual Orientation and Behavior in HIV-infected Individuals in Southeast Asia
Authors: Shrikhande Laxmi , Dargan Ritu
Published: July 2019

The response of sexual behavior to HIV is an important input to predicting the path of the epidemic and to focusing prevention efforts. Existing estimates suggest limited behavioral response, but fail to take into account possible differences across individuals. Transmission through sexual contact is estimated to accounts for 75 to 85% of cumulative cases of HIV/AIDS to date. Mode of transmission is important predictors of risk. The statistical risk of infection through vaginal intercourse is notably low regardless of which partner is infected. Anal intercourse has higher infectivity due to the likelihood of damage to epithelial integrity. Generally, the environment for men who have sex with men (MSM), lesbians and transgender individuals is unsupportive and unsafe. They are usually victims of discrimination or more subtly as indifference. The stress on these individuals face as they cope with sexual orientation stigma may help to explain higher rates of risky sexual behaviors and injected drug use. Very little research has focused on Asian youth with altered sexual orientation. These individuals are at a higher risk of contracting the HIV virus than their heterosexual counterparts. Until we acknowledge these behaviors and work with people involved with these behaviors, we are not going to halt and reverse the HIV epidemic. Scaling up services adequately for key populations at higher risk for HIV infection globally, particularly in concentrated epidemics, is essential to halt and reverse epidemics at the population level. It is essential that the expansion of MSM HIV prevention and care services across Asia be driven by an agreed upon set of quality standards and guidelines.
Video Presentation Abstracts
Authors: Sung Tae-Yon , Yoon Jong Ho , Lee Yi Ho , Lee Yu-mi , Chung Ki-Wook , Hong Suck Joon
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

In recent times, robot thyroid surgery has been performed worldwide in thyroid tumors, and reducing surgical complication is also an important factor in robot surgery besides thyroidectomy. This study presents the surgical technique of preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland in transaxillary robot thyroid surgery.

METHODS

The drawback of robot thyroid surgery is that it cannot tell how strong the surgeon is holding and retracting the tissues or feels the thermal change when energy device is activated. Dissection or manipulation should be performed by layers and structures. The surgeon should not advance to the next procedure immediately after activating the coagulating energy device when related to tissues for preservation since there could be a thermal injury. After the activation, pause or make contact to a gauze placed in the operative field to check the spread of remaining heat. The shielded side of the device should be placed to the remnant structure side. By doing so, the thermal spread could be minimized. When coagulating vessels, the surgeon should not impatiently manipulate the grasped tissues since they could tear before fully coagulated and encounter bleeding. When preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland, these surgical tips are very important to minimize the injury.

RESULTS

Applying such surgical techniques, the result of preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland is safe and secure in robot thyroid surgery as presented in our video clip.

CONCLUSION

Endocrine surgeons perform functionally safe thyroidectomy and reduce the surgical complications in any type of thyroid surgery. The above-mentioned techniques will help preserve the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland in robot thyroid surgery
Oral Presentation IV
Authors: Cho Jin-Seong , Park Min-Ho , Yoon Jung-Han
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Prophylactic central lymph node dissection with total thyroidectomy (TT) for the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is controversial because of the possibility of increased morbidity with uncertain benefit. We evaluated the changing trends of lymph node ratio (LNR), recurrence, and radioablation therapy. Also, we evaluated the safety of omitting radioablation after TT with PTC, especially on low PNR (positive node ratio) N1a patients compared with high PNR N1a patients.

METHODS

Consecutive 147 N1a and 216 N0 patients who underwent TT with central neck dissection were enrolled. We divided 147 N1a patients into two groups: 96 high-PNR vs 51 low-PNR group according to 50% of PNR, and compared three groups including N0 group.

RESULTS

There were 21/147 (14.3%) recurrences on N1a intermediate-risk patients and 5/216 (2.3%) on N0 low-risk patients. Of these 21 recurrences, 20 (95.2%) occurred in the high-PNR group and only 1 (4.8%) was in the low-PNR group. The recurrence in low-PNR group (Graph 1; green line) was significantly lower than in high-PNR group (red line; log-rank p value = 0.003), but significantly not different from the N0 group (blue line; log-rank p-value = 0.889). Although this study was a retrospective nonrandomized trial with less number of patients, the 10-year recurrence of omitting RAI in low-PNR intermediate-risk N1a patients with less than 50% of PNR was shown to be comparable with 216 N0 low-risk patients.

CONCLUSION

Prophylactic central neck dissection may lead to upstaging and low recurrence, but also to overuse of radioablation. Lymph node ratio could be a useful predictor of recurrence and useful guidance in radioablation therapy.
Oral Presentation II
Authors: Sung Tae-Yon , Yoon Jong Ho , Han Minkyu , Lee Yi Ho , Lee Yu-mi , Song Dong Eun , Chung Ki-Wook , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Hong Suck Joon
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

To compare robot vs open thyroid surgery using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with regard to oncologic safety in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.

METHODS

We enrolled 722 patients with PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection (CCND) at the Asan Medical Center in Korea from January 2009 to December 2010. These patients were classified into open thyroid surgery (n = 610) or robot thyroid surgery (n= 112) groups. We verified the impact of robot thyroid surgery on clinical recurrence and ablation/control-stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) levels predictive of non-recurrence using weighted logistic regression models with IPTW.

RESULTS

Age, sex, thyroid weight, extent of CCND, and TNM stage were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the open and robot groups (1.5 vs 2.7%; p = 0.608). The proportion of patients with ablation sTg < 10.0 ng/mL and control sTg < 1.0 ng/mL was comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). Logistic regression with IPTW using the propensity scores estimated by adjusting all of the parameters demonstrated that robot thyroid surgery did not influence the clinical recurrence (OR: 0.784; 95% CI: 0.150–3.403; p = 0.750), ablation sTg (OR: 0.950; 95% CI: 0.361–2.399; p = 0.914), and control sTg levels (OR: 0.498; 95% CI: 0.190–1.189; p = 0.130).

CONCLUSION

Robot thyroid surgery is comparable to open thyroid surgery with regard to oncologic safety in PTC patients.
Reference Values for the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile in Spain
Authors: Gándara-Gafo Berta , Santos-del Riego Sergio , Muñiz Javier
Published: July 2019

Importance: In Spain, only one culturally adapted assessment tool is available for children between ages 3 and 11 yr. There are no assessments of adolescent and adult sensory processing, and no normative data.

Objective: To obtain reference values for the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) in Spain for adolescents (aged 11–17) and adults (aged 18–64 and ≥65).

Design: A multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare specific mean values (−2, −1, +1, and +2 standard deviation [SD]) by age group, gender, geographic area, education level, and employment status.

Participants: We randomly recruited 787 participants (55.8% female) aged 11 yr or older (mean age = 32.1, SD = 21.1) in Spain. We excluded those with a diagnosis of depression, chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, cancer, neurological disease), or cognitive disability and those who used medication that could affect the central nervous system.

Results: Quadrant mean (SD) scores ranged from 29.3 (6.6) for low registration to 49.1 (8.3) for sensory seeking, with significant differences by age group (p < .001) in all quadrants. Significant differences were also found for scores in different quadrants by gender, geographic area, education level, and employment status. Although statistically significant, the differences between scores were not clinically relevant; the mean scores fell within the typical range for sensory processing.

Conclusions and Relevance: We offer reference values for the cultural adaptation to Spain of the AASP and recommend its use for the typically developing Spanish population ages 11 and older.

What This Article Adds: We provide normative data for the AASP for three age groups of the Spanish population: adolescents, adults, and older adults.
Time of sexual maturity and early egg quality of Japanese quails affected by in ovo injection of medicinal plants
Authors: Al-Shammari Karrar I. A. , Batkowska Justyna , Drabik Kamil , Gryzińska Magdalena M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time to sexual maturity and quality of initial eggs of Japanese quail affected by in ovo injection of plant extracts: ginger (GR), garlic (GC), oregano (O) and cinnamon (C). In total, 2400 eggs of Japanese quails were divided into six groups on the fifth day of incubation. Group I was the control group (NC), which was not injected. Other eggs were injected with 0.1 mL of liquid: group II – the positive control (PC) – with distilled water, group III with 1 % solution of GR, group IV with GC, group V with O and group VI with C. After hatching, the birds were reared in a cage system and fed with balanced mixtures, and 24 h lighting was used. The time at which birds reached sexual maturity was registered, while in the seventh week of rearing, 120 eggs were subject to quality evaluation. The traits of a whole egg (shape index as the ratio of egg width to egg length, weight, specific gravity), shell (strength, weight, thickness and density), albumen (weight, height), yolk (color, weight, index) were evaluated. At the earliest, on 36th day of life, eggs were laid by birds from the GC group, followed by C (37th day), O and NC (38th day), GR (39th day), and PC (41st day). During the first 2 weeks significantly more eggs were collected from the GC than from the other groups. The heaviest eggs derived from GC and GR groups, whereas the lightest came from the C group. Eggs from the GC group had the best shell strength and the greatest proportion of yolk. The use of medicinal herbs by injection in ovo may considerably modify both time of sexual maturity and quality of the initial eggs of Japanese quail.
Evaluation of the effect of regional joint-control measures on changing photochemical transformation: a comprehensive study of the optimization scenario analysis
Authors: Li Li , Zhu Shuhui , An Jingyu , Zhou Min , Wang Hongli , Yan Rusha , Qiao Liping , Tian Xudong , Shen Lijuan , Huang Ling , Wang Yangjun , Huang Cheng , Avise Jeremy C. , Fu Joshua S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Heavy haze usually occurs in winter in eastern China. To control
the severe air pollution during the season, comprehensive regional
joint-control strategies were implemented throughout a campaign. To evaluate
the effectiveness of these strategies and to provide some insights into
strengthening the regional joint-control mechanism, the influence of control
measures on levels of air pollution was estimated with an integrated
measurement-emission-modeling method. To determine the influence of
meteorological conditions, and the control measures on the air quality, in a
comprehensive study, the 2nd World Internet Conference was held during
16–18 December 2015 in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang province, in
the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. We first analyzed the air quality
changes during four meteorological regimes and then compared the air
pollutant concentrations before, during, and after the regulation under
static meteorological conditions. Next, we conducted modeling scenarios to
quantify the effects caused due to the air pollution control measures. We
found that total emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
Jiaxing were reduced by 56 %, 58 %, 64 %, and 80 %, respectively,
while total emission reductions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs
over the YRD region are estimated to be 10 %, 9 %, 10 %, and 11 %,
respectively. Modeling results suggest that during the campaign from
8 to 18 December, PM2.5 daily average concentrations decreased
by 10 µg m−3 with an average decrease of 14.6 %. Our implemented
optimization analysis compared with previous studies also reveals that local
emission reductions play a key role in air quality improvement, although it
shall be supplemented by regional linkage. In terms of regional joint
control, implementing pollution channel control 48 h before the event is
of most benefit in getting similar results. Therefore, it is recommended
that a synergistic emission reduction plan between adjacent areas with local
pollution emission reductions as the core part should be established and
strengthened, and emission reduction plans for different types of pollution
through a stronger regional linkage should be reserved.
The role of plume-scale processes in long-term impacts of aircraft emissions
Authors: Fritz Thibaud M. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Emissions from aircraft engines contribute to atmospheric NOx, driving changes in both the climate and in surface air quality. Existing atmospheric models typically assume instant dilution of emissions into large-scale grid cells, neglecting non-linear, small-scale processes occurring in aircraft wakes. They also do not explicitly simulate the formation of ice crystals, which could drive local chemical processing. This assumption may lead to errors in estimates of aircraft-attributable ozone production, and in turn to biased estimates of aviation’s current impacts on the atmosphere and the effect of future changes in emissions. This includes soot emissions, on which contrail ice forms. These emissions are expected to reduce as biofuel usage increases, but their chemical effects are not well captured by existing models. To address this problem, we develop a Lagrangian model which explicitly models the chemical and microphysical evolution of an aircraft plume. It includes a unified tropospheric-stratospheric chemical mechanism that incorporates heterogeneous chemistry on background and aircraft-induced aerosols. Microphysical processes are also simulated, including the formation, persistence, and chemical influence of contrails. The plume model is used to quantify how the long-term (24-hour) atmospheric chemical response to an aircraft plume varies in response to different environmental conditions, and engine characteristics, and fuel properties. We find that an instant dilution model consistently overestimates ozone production compared to the plume model, up to a maximum error of ~ 200 % at cruise altitudes. Instant dilution of emissions also underestimates the fraction of remaining NOx, although the magnitude and sign of the error vary with season, altitude, and latitude. We also quantify how changes in soot emissions affect plume behavior. Our results show that a 50 % reduction in black carbon emissions, as may be possible through blending with certain biofuels, leads to contrails which evaporate ~ 9 % faster and are 14 % optically thinner. The conversion of emitted NOx to HNO3 and N2O5 falls by 65 % and 69 % respectively, resulting in chemical feedbacks which are not resolved by instant-dilution approaches. The persistent discrepancies between results from the instant dilution approach and from the aircraft plume model demonstrate that a parametrization of effective emission indices should be incorporated into 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport models.
Peroxy Radical Chemistry and the Volatility Basis Set
Authors: Schervish Meredith , Donahue Neil M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Gas-phase auto-oxidation of organics can generate highly-oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and thus increase secondary organic aerosol production and enable new-particle formation. Here we present a new implementation of the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) that explicitly resolves peroxy radicals (RO2) formed via auto-oxidation. The model includes a strong temperature dependence for auto oxidation as well as explicit termination of RO2, including reactions with NO, HO2, and other RO2. The RO2 cross reactions can produce dimers (ROOR). We explore the temperature and NOx dependence of this chemistry, showing that temperature strongly influences the intrinsic volatility distribution and that NO can suppress auto-oxidation under conditions typically found in the atmosphere.
The Impact of CCN Concentrations on the Thermodynamic and Turbulent State of Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds
Authors: Chylik Jan , Mertes Stephan , Neggers Roel A. J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Impacts of aerosol on mixed-phase cloud evolution play a potentially important role in Arctic climate, but remain poorly understood. The way in which aerosol, clouds and turbulence interact, is speculated to significantly modify the cloud evolution. There has been an increasing number of field observations of the ice clouds in Arctic, however it has proven hard to gain insight into these complex interactions using measurements alone. This model study aims to help filling this gap in the current understanding of low-level Arctic clouds, by combining high resolution simulations with new field campaign data. The main focus is on the impact of the cloud condensation nuclei concentration (CCN) on the properties of cloud and mixed-layer turbulence in an~evolving boundary layer. We configure semi-idealised model scenarios based on the weather situation observed over open ocean during two research flights of the ACLOUD campaign, which took place over Fram Strait northwest of Svalbard. A demi-Lagrangian frame of reference is adopted, with the model domain following low level air masses and the large-scale forcings derived from weather model analyses and short-range forecasts. Adjustments in the initial state are made based on comparison to dropsonde data. The simulations reproduce the observed general structure of the cloud-bearing Arctic mixed layer. Results further show that while the ice phase forms just a fraction of the mass of cloud water, it is responsible for most of the precipitation, in line with previous observational and LES studies. A lower initial CCN concentration generally results into a faster glaciation of the cloud, leading to a faster removal of the cloud water, and also affects the vertical structure of turbulence. Implications for radiative studies of clouds for the purpose of Arctic Amplification are discussed.
Global Transition Rules for Translating Land-use Change (LUH2) To Land-cover Change for CMIP6 using GLM2
Authors: Ma Lei , Hurtt George C. , Chini Louise P. , Sahajpal Ritvik , Pongratz Julia , Frolking Steve , Stehfest Elke , Klein Goldewijk Kees , O’ Leary Donal , Doelman Jonathan C.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Information on historical land-cover change is important for understanding human impacts on the environment. Over the last decade, global models have characterized historical land-use changes, but few have been able to relate these changes with corresponding changes in land-cover. Utilizing the latest global land-use change data, we make several assumptions about the relationship between land-use and land-cover change, and evaluate each scenario with remote sensing data to identify optimal fit. The resulting transition rule can guide the incorporation of land-cover information within earth system models.
Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica
Authors: Kirkham James D. , Hogan Kelly A. , Larter Robert D. , Arnold Neil S. , Nitsche Frank O. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Dowdeswell Julian A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Outburst floods from subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet
modulate ice-flow velocities over periods of months to years. Although
subglacial lake drainage events have been observed from
satellite-altimetric data, little is known about their role in the
long-term evolution of ice-sheet basal hydrology. Here, we
systematically map and model past water flow through an extensive area
containing over 1000 subglacial channels and 19 former lake basins exposed
on over 19 000 km2 of seafloor by the retreat of Pine Island and
Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica. At 507 m wide and 43 m deep on average,
the channels offshore of present-day Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers
are approximately twice as deep, 3 times as wide, and cover an area over
400 times larger than the terrestrial meltwater channels comprising the
Labyrinth in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. The channels incised into bedrock
offshore of contemporary Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers would have been
capable of accommodating discharges of up to 8.8×106 m3 s−1. We suggest that the channels were formed by episodic discharges
from subglacial lakes trapped during ice-sheet advance and retreat over
multiple glacial periods. Our results document the widespread influence of
episodic subglacial drainage events during past glacial periods, in
particular beneath large ice streams similar to those that continue to
dominate contemporary ice-sheet discharge.
The Populist Fantasy
Authors: Miller Daniel
Published: July 2019

This article offers an analysis of the populism that is currently ascendent in U.S. politics and society, which takes an ethno-nationalist form. This article argues that contemporary American ethno-nationalism is fantastical in character, rather than being based on empirical political or social concerns. Bringing together the well-established image of the social as the “body politic,” Slavoj Žižek’s theory of political fantasy, and the insights of transgender theory, the article argues that contemporary American ethno-nationalism represents a dysphoric response to a social body experienced as fundamentally misshapen or deformed.
Modal Shift from Car to Bus: A French Case Study in a Rural Context Based on an Integrated Psychosocial Approach
Authors: Castel Davy , Chatain Sophie , Anegmar Souad , Parant Aymeric
Published: July 2019

The main goal of this study was to demonstrate relevance of an integrated approach including psychosocial determinants of voluntary travel behavior change (VTBC). The study, conducted in France, aimed to influence car users to use public transport. Compared to previous VTBC programs, this one proposes a more qualitative accompanying framework to participants. Car users participated in the program based on a committing recruitment, an individualized counseling meeting, and a free monthly travel card on public transport, altogether creating a strong commitment context for long-term behavior change. Results reveal the effectiveness of the method since a majority of test travelers continue to use public transport up to three months. Moreover, the program increases the positive attitude toward the bus and “mobility capital” of participants.
The NQRN Registry Maturational Framework: Evaluating the Capability and Use of
Clinical Registries
Authors: Blumenthal Seth
Published: July 2019

Clinical registries are increasingly used as national performance measurement
platforms. In 2018, nearly 70 percent of the more than 50 specialty society registries
in the United States were used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
to measure the quality of clinical care. Private payers and evaluating organizations
also use or desire to use registry information to inform quality improvement programs
and value-based payment models.The requirements for an entity to become a CMS Qualified
Clinical Data Registry (QCDR) constitute a minimum set of standards for the purpose of
reporting to the CMS Quality Payment Program. Models and frameworks exist that can help
classify registries by purpose and use, and maturity models are available for evaluating
health IT systems generally. However, there is currently no framework that describes the
capability that should be expected from a registry at different phases of its
development and maturity.In response, the National Quality Registry Network (NQRN) has
developed a registry maturational framework. The framework models early, intermediate
and mature development phases, the capabilities anticipated during these phases and 17
domains across which registry programs support those capabilities. The framework was
developed and refined by NQRN registry stewards, users and other stakeholders between
2013–2018. It is intended to be used as a developmental guide or for registry
evaluation. The successful use of registry information to execute value-based payment
models is a critical need in U.S. health care. The NQRN framework can help ensure that
our national system of registries is rising to the occasion.
The Effect of Chronic Sciatica on the Knee and Ankle Joints
Authors: Al Kutobi Z. T. A. , Al Omari W. R. S.
Published: July 2019

One hundred patients with chronic sciatica were stud-ied to determine the effects upon the knee and ankle joints of both the sciatic and non-sciatic sides. The frequency of the clinical involvement of the knee and ankle joints at the sciatic side were 51% and 46% respectively, compared to 20% and 6% on the non-sciatic side (p < 0.001).

The most frequent knee and/or ankle joint manifesta-tions on the sciatic side were recurrent pain and tender-ness although these symptoms may be confused with the points of valliex and secondary pain loci. Painful exten-sion, giving way of the knee joint and recurrent twist of the foot seem significant in identifying affectedjoints together with functional limitations and swelling of the knee. Age, gender; duration and affected side seem to have some im-pact on the development of these symptoms.

It is concluded that chronic sciatica may predispose the knee and ankle joints to different insults in the context of muscle weakness, changed biomechanics and neurologi-cal abnormalities, resulting in the above problems.
Acute Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction: the problem of diagnosis of strangulation without CT scans
Authors: Tawfik H.G. , Obeidi A.S.
Published: July 2019

To assess the possibility of pre-operative differentiation of strangulated and non-strangulated intestinal obstruction based on clinical; radiological and laboratory features without CT scan, 66 patients with acute bowel obstruction were studied prospectively. Forty-nine (74%) were male, 17 (26%) female with a wide age distribution. In 56 (85%) the small bowel was obstructed, in ten (15%) the large bowel. Adhesions were the most common cause of obstruction (36%), followed by hernias (20%), volvulus (12%), intussusception (11%), malignancies (11%) and other causes (10%). At surgery strangulation, defined as compromise of the blood supply and necessitating resection of gangrenous bowel, was found in 18 (27%) of the patients. Ten patients (15%) developed complications after surgery and ten patients died, mostly from age and cardiovascular conditions. Persistent abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, elevated temperature, leukocytosis, and air-fluid levels were considered as possible predictive factors for the pre-operative diagnosis of strangulation but it was concluded that such factors were not sufficiently reliable and early surgery was imperative to detect reversible ischemic bowel in strangulated obstruction.
A retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar during 2004–2012
Authors: Farag Elmoubasher , Garcell Humberto Guanche , Ganesan Nandakumar , Ahmed Shazia Nadeem N. , Al-Hajri Mohammed , Al Thani Shk. Mohammed Hamad J. , Al-Marri Salih Ali , Ibrahim Emad , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid
Published: July 2019

Background:
Salmonella is a food- and water-borne pathogen that can be easily spread in a population, leading to the outbreak of salmonellosis that is caused by ingestion of mixed salads contaminated by the pathogen. Most cases occur in the late spring months and can be seen as single cases, clusters, or episodes. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis during 2004–2012 from all Salmonella surveillance centers. Therapeutic records of patients who were clinically suspected of having Salmonella diseases were analyzed. Initially, cases with typhoid fever were investigated in the laboratory by means of Widal agglutination tests, while non-typhoidal Salmonella diseases were determined based on culture technique. Results: The annual incident of salmonellosis cases were 12.3, 23.0, 30.3, 19.4, 15.3, 18.0, 22.7, 18.5, and 18.1 per 100,000 population in 2006–2011 and 2012, respectively. The number of salmonellosis cases was high among less than 2-year-old females and 3-year-old males. In addition, one-fourth of patients (27.7%) were Qatari when compared to other nationalities. A significant difference in age was found between Qatari (6.08 ± 12.28 years) and non-Qatari (15.04 ± 19.56 years) patients. Of the reported cases, 79.8% included the onset date of the first symptoms. Contact phone numbers were available for 94% of the cases but addresses were available for only 50.4% of cases. The time difference between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 5.4 ± 5.7 days. The most frequent serotype reported were type b (41.9%), type d (26.9%), and type c1 (12.2%). Conclusion: The present surveillance data showed a high incidence of salmonellosis in Qatar that poses a serious public health problem. Special intervention and health awareness programs are required for early screening, detection, and treatment as well as for strengthening the surveillance system of salmonellosis, with special emphasis on the laboratory study of cases.