bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do the Different Proteomic Strategies Cope with the Complexity of Biological Regulations in a Multi-Omic World? Critical Appraisal and Suggestions for Improvements
Authors: Marcus Katrin , Rabilloud Thierry
Published: September 2020

In this second decade of the 21st century, we are lucky enough to have different types of proteomic analyses at our disposal. Furthermore, other functional omics such as transcriptomics have also undergone major developments, resulting in mature tools. However, choice equals questions, and the major question is how each proteomic strategy is fit for which purpose. The aim of this opinion paper is to reposition the various proteomic strategies in the frame of what is known in terms of biological regulations in order to shed light on the power, limitations, and paths for improvement for the different proteomic setups. This should help biologists to select the best-suited proteomic strategy for their purposes in order not to be driven by raw availability or fashion arguments but rather by the best fitness for purpose. In particular, knowing the limitations of the different proteomic strategies helps in interpreting the results correctly and in devising the validation experiments that should be made downstream of the proteomic analyses.
Optical Absorption Cross-Section of DNA Bases—Thymine and Guanine—in the Energy Region from 3.1 to 250 eV (5–400 nm)
Authors: Koswattage Kaveenga Rasika , Izumi Yudai , Nakagawa Kazumichi
Published: September 2020

(1) Background: Optical absorption cross-section—the absolute absorption intensity specific to each molecule—of nucleic acid bases enables us to estimate the reaction yields of DNA lesions induced by the exposure to not only photons but also ionizing radiations. However, it was unknown in the energy region exceeding ~10 eV (wavelength < ~120 nm). (2) Methods: Thin films of DNA bases—thymine and guanine—were prepared using a vacuum sublimation technique. Absorption spectra of these films were measured in the energy region from 3.1 to 250 eV (5–400 nm) at the synchrotron radiation facility UVSOR. (3) Results: The absorption spectra of both bases exhibited prominent absorption peaks around 20 eV and smaller peaks in the energy region below 10 eV. The determined optical oscillator strength distribution was verified to be reasonable based on the Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn oscillator strength sum rule. (4) Conclusion: Most of the oscillator strength distribution was positioned in the measured energy region, and therefore the absorption spectra significantly contributed to the quantitative study for the photo and radiation-chemical reactions of DNA.
NOAA Satellite Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) Version 3.0 Generates Higher Accuracy Blended Satellite Soil Moisture
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng
Published: September 2020

Soil moisture plays a vital role for the understanding of hydrological, meteorological, and climatological land surface processes. To meet the need of real time global soil moisture datasets, a Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) has been developed at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to produce a one-stop shop for soil moisture observations from all available satellite sensors. What makes the SMOPS unique is its near real time global blended soil moisture product. Since the first version SMOPS publicly released in 2010, the SMOPS has been updated twice based on the users’ feedbacks through improving retrieval algorithms and including observations from new satellite sensors. The version 3.0 SMOPS has been operationally released since 2017. Significant differences in climatological averages lead to remarkable distinctions in data quality between the newest and the older versions of SMOPS blended soil moisture products. This study reveals that the SMOPS version 3.0 has overwhelming advantages of reduced data uncertainties and increased correlations with respect to the quality controlled in situ measurements. The new version SMOPS also presents more robust agreements with the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA_CCI) soil moisture datasets. With the higher accuracy, the blended data product from the new version SMOPS is expected to benefit the hydrological, meteorological, and climatological researches, as well as numerical weather, climate, and water prediction operations.
Using Magneto-Inertial Measurement Units to Pervasively Measure Hip Joint Motion during Sports
Authors: Horenstein Rachel E. , Goudeau Yohann R. , Lewis Cara L. , Shefelbine Sandra J.
Published: September 2020

The use of wireless sensors to measure motion in non-laboratory settings continues to grow in popularity. Thus far, most validated systems have been applied to measurements in controlled settings and/or for prescribed motions. The aim of this study was to characterize adolescent hip joint motion of elite-level athletes (soccer players) during practice and recreationally active peers (controls) in after-school activities using a magneto-inertial measurement unit (MIMU) system. Opal wireless sensors (APDM Inc., Portland OR, USA) were placed at the sacrum and laterally on each thigh (three sensors total). Hip joint motion was characterized by hip acceleration and hip orientation for one hour of activity on a sports field. Our methods and analysis techniques can be applied to other joints and activities. We also provide recommendations in order to guide future work using MIMUs to pervasively assess joint motions of clinical relevance.
Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing
Authors: Yang Yichao , Yamamoto Kohei , Huarcaya Victor , Vorndamme Christoph , Penkert Daniel , Fernández Barranco Germán , Schwarze Thomas S. , Mehmet Moritz , Esteban Delgado Juan Jose , Jia Jianjun , Heinzel Gerhard , Dovale Álvarez Miguel
Published: September 2020

Tracking moving masses in several degrees of freedom with high precision and large dynamic range is a central aspect in many current and future gravitational physics experiments. Laser interferometers have been established as one of the tools of choice for such measurement schemes. Using sinusoidal phase modulation homodyne interferometry allows a drastic reduction of the complexity of the optical setup, a key limitation of multi-channel interferometry. By shifting the complexity of the setup to the signal processing stage, these methods enable devices with a size and weight not feasible using conventional techniques. In this paper we present the design of a novel sensor topology based on deep frequency modulation interferometry: the self-referenced single-element dual-interferometer (SEDI) inertial sensor, which takes simplification one step further by accommodating two interferometers in one optic. Using a combination of computer models and analytical methods we show that an inertial sensor with sub-picometer precision for frequencies above 10 mHz, in a package of a few cubic inches, seems feasible with our approach. Moreover we show that by combining two of these devices it is possible to reach sub-picometer precision down to 2 mHz. In combination with the given compactness, this makes the SEDI sensor a promising approach for applications in high precision inertial sensing for both next-generation space-based gravity missions employing drag-free control, and ground-based experiments employing inertial isolation systems with optical readout.
Using Optical Tracking System Data to Measure Team Synergic Behavior: Synchronization of Player-Ball-Goal Angles in a Football Match
Authors: Carrilho Daniel , Santos Couceiro Micael , Brito João , Figueiredo Pedro , Lopes Rui J. , Araújo Duarte
Published: September 2020

The ecological dynamics approach to interpersonal relationships provides theoretical support to the use of kinematic data, obtained with sensor-based systems, in which players of a team are linked mainly by information from the performance environment. Our goal was to capture the properties of synergic behavior in football, using spatiotemporal data from one match of the 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP RUSSIA, to explore the application of player-ball-goal angles in cluster phase analysis. Linear mixed effects models were used to test the statistical significance of different effects, such as: team, half(-time), role and pitch zones. Results showed that the cluster phase values (synchronization) for the home team, had a 3.812×10−2±0.536×10−2 increase with respect to the away team (X2(41)=259.8, p<0.001) and that changing the role from with ball to without ball increased synchronization by 16.715×10−2±0.283×10−2 (X2(41)=12227.0, p<0.001). The interaction between effects was also significant. The player-team relative phase, the player-ball-goal angles relative frequency and the team configurations, showed that variations of synchronization might indicate critical performance changes (ball possession changes, goals scored, etc.). This study captured the ongoing player-environment link and the properties of team synergic behavior, supporting the use of sensor-based data computations in the development of relevant indicators for tactical analysis in sports.
Fast Wearable Sensor–Based Foot–Ground Contact Phase Classification Using a Convolutional Neural Network with Sliding-Window Label Overlapping
Authors: Jeon Haneul , Kim Sang Lae , Kim Soyeon , Lee Donghun
Published: September 2020

Classification of foot–ground contact phases, as well as the swing phase is essential in biomechanics domains where lower-limb motion analysis is required; this analysis is used for lower-limb rehabilitation, walking gait analysis and improvement, and exoskeleton motion capture. In this study, sliding-window label overlapping of time-series wearable motion data in training dataset acquisition is proposed to accurately detect foot–ground contact phases, which are composed of 3 sub-phases as well as the swing phase, at a frequency of 100 Hz with a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. We not only succeeded in developing a real-time CNN model for learning and obtaining a test accuracy of 99.8% or higher, but also confirmed that its validation accuracy was close to 85%.
FRET-Based Ca2+ Biosensor Single Cell Imaging Interrogated by High-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Yoon Sangpil , Pan Yijia , Shung Kirk , Wang Yingxiao
Published: September 2020

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors have advanced live cell imaging by dynamically visualizing molecular events with high temporal resolution. FRET-based biosensors with spectrally distinct fluorophore pairs provide clear contrast between cells during dual FRET live cell imaging. Here, we have developed a new FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor using EGFP and FusionRed fluorophores (FRET-GFPRed). Using different filter settings, the developed biosensor can be differentiated from a typical FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor with ECFP and YPet (YC3.6 FRET Ca2+ biosensor, FRET-CFPYPet). A high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) with a carrier frequency of 150 MHz can target a subcellular region due to its tight focus smaller than 10 µm. Therefore, HFU offers a new single cell stimulations approach for FRET live cell imaging with precise spatial resolution and repeated stimulation for longitudinal studies. Furthermore, the single cell level intracellular delivery of a desired FRET-based biosensor into target cells using HFU enables us to perform dual FRET imaging of a cell pair. We show that a cell pair is defined by sequential intracellular delivery of the developed FRET-GFPRed and FRET-CFPYPet into two target cells using HFU. We demonstrate that a FRET-GFPRed exhibits consistent 10–15% FRET response under typical ionomycin stimulation as well as under a new stimulation strategy with HFU.
A Soft Sensor Approach Based on an Echo State Network Optimized by Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Huang Ruoyu , Li Zetao , Cao Bin
Published: September 2020

In the process of fault diagnosis and the health and safety operation evaluation of modern industrial processes, it is crucial to measure important state variables, which cannot be directly detected due to limitations of economy, technology, environment and space. Therefore, this paper proposes a data-driven soft sensor approach based on an echo state network (ESN) optimized by an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Firstly, with an ESN, a data-driven model (DDM) between secondary variables and dominant variables is established. Secondly, in order to improve the prediction performance, the IGA is utilized to optimize the parameters of the ESN. Then, the immigration strategy is introduced and the crossover and mutation operators are changed adaptively to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm and address the problem that the algorithm falls into the local optimum. Finally, a soft sensor model of an ESN optimized by an IGA is established (IGA-ESN), and the advantages and performance of the proposed method are verified by estimating the alumina concentration in an aluminum reduction cell. The experimental results illustrated that the proposed method is efficient, and the error was significantly reduced compared with the traditional algorithm.
Autonomous Energy Harvester Based on Textile-Based Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for On-Demand Usage
Authors: Seok Seonho , Wang Cong , Lefeuvre Elie , Park Jungyul
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an autonomous energy harvester based on a textile-based enzymatic biofuel cell, enabling an efficient power management and on-demand usage. The proposed biofuel cell works by an enzymatic reaction with glucose in sweat absorbed by the specially designed textile for sustainable and efficient energy harvesting. The output power of the textile-based biofuel cell has been optimized by changing electrode size and stacking electrodes and corresponding fluidic channels suitable for following power management circuit. The output power level of single electrode is estimated less than 0.5 μW and thus a two-staged power management circuit using intermediate supercapacitor has been presented. As a solution to produce a higher power level, multiple stacks of biofuel cell electrodes have been proposed and thus the textile-based biofuel cell employing serially connected 5 stacks produces a maximal power of 13 μW with an output voltage of 0.88 V when load resistance is 40 kΩ. A buck-boost converter employing a crystal oscillator directly triggered by DC output voltage of the biofuel cell makes it possible to obtain output voltage of the DC–DC converter is 6.75 V. The efficiency of the DC–DC converter is estimated as approximately 50% when the output power of the biofuel cell is tens microwatts. In addition, LT-spice modeling and simulation has been presented to estimate power consumption of each element of the proposed DC–DC converter circuit and the predicted output voltage has good agreement with measurement result.
Alpine Pioneer Plants in Soil Bioengineering for Slope Stabilization and Restoration: Results of a Preliminary Analysis of Seed Germination and Future Perspectives
Authors: Giupponi Luca , Leoni Valeria
Published: September 2020

Stabilization of slopes subject to landslide by measures with low impact, such as those of bioengineering, is a topic of interest. The use of scarcely studied alpine pioneer plants could contribute to innovation in soil bioengineering and restoration ecology but to use them, knowledge of the ex situ germinability of their seeds is fundamental. This research analysed the germinability of seeds of nine alpine pioneer species (Papaver aurantiacum, Rumex scutatus, Tofieldia calyculata, Pulsatilla alpina, Silene glareosa, Adenostyles alpina, Dryas octopetala, Laserpitium peucedanoides and Laserpitium krapfii) treated with water, gibberellic acid (GA3) and/or calcium carbonate at room temperature. The seeds had different responses to the treatments: Laserpitium peucedanoides, L. krapfii and Silene glareosa showed difficulty in germinating (germination < 2.5%), while Dryas octopetala had good germination (39–61%) regardless of treatment. GA3 significantly increased the seed germination rate of Papaver aurantiacum, Pulsatilla alpina, Rumex scutatus and Tofieldia calyculata, while the addition of calcium carbonate made the seeds of Rumex scutatus and Tofieldia calyculata germinate more quickly. Results are discussed focusing on the perspectives of using alpine pioneer species in future soil bioengineering work for slopes stabilization and restoration, and on the actions that stakeholders should take to make this happen.
Rewritable and Sustainable 2D Barcode for Traceability Application in Smart IoT Based Fault-Tolerant Mechanism
Authors: Chen Rongjun , Yu Yongxing , Xie Shundao , Zhao Huimin , Liu Songjin , Ren Jinchang , Tan Hong-Zhou
Published: September 2020

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, two-dimensional (2D) barcodes are widely used in smart IoT applications as a perception portal. In industries with many circulations and testing links like traceability, since the existing 2D barcode cannot be changed once it is printed, it can only be replaced with more expensive radio frequency identification (RFID) labels or new 2D barcodes, causing a waste of human resources and costs. For better circulation efficiency and resource utilization, we propose a new design of the rewritable and sustainable 2D barcode based on the fault-tolerance mechanism. The ability to add new information in the 2D barcode can be achieved through data encryption and the insertion of a rewritable layer. It means the message of 2D barcodes could be changed, and increases the flexibility and liquidity of the 2D barcode application. Besides, the encoding and decoding method of the proposed 2D barcode is presented. Experimental results have illustrated the superiority of rewritable and sustainable 2D barcodes in the traceability of herbal medicine compared with the conventional 2D barcodes, and demonstrated the feasibility of the design. The findings show the potential for significant application in the field of traceability in smart IoT, as well as in the manufacturing industry and logistics.
Distribution of Solar Radiation on Greenhouse Convex Rooftop
Authors: Appelbaum Joseph , Aronescu Avi
Published: September 2020

Photovoltaic greenhouses became popular in many countries for growing crops and, at the same time, generating electricity mainly for own usage to control the air temperature inside the greenhouse. Solar radiation is essential for their photosynthesis process for crop growing, however, high levels of solar radiation may adversely affect the crop quality. Therefore, a balance between the need for sufficient solar radiation for plant grows and the need for electricity is important to maintain. Many greenhouses are built with curved rooftops of convex shapes and flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) modules are deployed on the rooftops. The present study proposes using flexible PV modules adhering to the curvature of the roof. The incident solar radiation on a curved surface is not uniformly distributed along the surface, therefore the density of the solar irradiation attains higher levels at regions where the PV modules may be deployed to generate greater amounts of electric power. The present study determines the density variation of the solar irradiation, in Wh/m2, (direct beam, diffuse and global) along the curvature of the convex surface of the greenhouse, and proposes the location of the PV modules to be deployed on the roof to obtain desired levels of solar radiation needed for designing the PV systems. North-south and east-west greenhouse orientations are considered.
A Global Review of Monitoring, Modeling, and Analyses of Water Demand in Dairy Farming
Authors: Shine Philip , Murphy Michael D. , Upton John
Published: September 2020

The production of milk must be balanced with the sustainable consumption of water resources to ensure the future sustainability of the global dairy industry. Thus, this review article aimed to collate and summarize the literature in the dairy water-usage domain. While green water use (e.g., rainfall) was found to be largest category of water use on both stall and pasture-based dairy farms, on-farm blue water (i.e., freshwater) may be much more susceptible to local water shortages due to the nature of its localized supply through rivers, lakes, or groundwater aquifers. Research related to freshwater use on dairy farms has focused on monitoring, modeling, and analyzing the parlor water use and free water intake of dairy cows. Parlor water use depends upon factors related to milk precooling, farm size, milking systems, farming systems, and washing practices. Dry matter intake is a prominent variable in explaining free water intake variability; however, due to the unavailability of accurate data, some studies have reported moving away from dry matter intake at the expense of prediction accuracy. Machine-learning algorithms have been shown to improve dairy water-prediction accuracy by 23%, which may allow for coarse model inputs without reducing accuracy. Accurate models of on-farm water use allow for an increased number of dairy farms to be used in water footprinting studies, as the need for physical metering equipment is mitigated.
Do Political Ties Cause Over-Investment in Corporate Social Responsibility? Empirical Evidence from Chinese Private Firms
Authors: Xiong Chan , Zhang Ke , Zhao Xiaoping
Published: September 2020

One of the most significant trends of firms in recent years is the investment growth in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China. CSR investment helps firms to create business value and develop strategic resources, whereas many firms ignore its optimal level. Extraordinary enthusiasm for CSR possibly leads to over-investment in CSR, which increases firms’ cost and has a negative influence on financial performance. We tried to explore the reasons why Chinese firms are so enthusiastic about CSR investment. Drawing upon the social exchange theories, we tested the relationship between political ties and over-investment in CSR, and examined how this relationship is moderated by the degree of resource competition. Based on a sample of 2304 private firms in China, we found that political ties have a positive effect on CSR over-investment. Our findings also suggested that the degree of resource competition positively moderates the relationship between political ties and over-investment in CSR.
Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review
Authors: Ferdeș Mariana , Dincă Mirela Nicoleta , Moiceanu Georgiana , Zăbavă Bianca Ștefania , Paraschiv Gigel
Published: September 2020

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LC biomass) prior to the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a mandatory step to improve feedstock biodegradability and biogas production. An important potential is provided by lignocellulosic materials since lignocellulose represents a major source for biogas production, thus contributing to the environmental sustainability. The main limitation of LC biomass for use is its resistant structure. Lately, biological pretreatment (BP) gained popularity because they are eco-friendly methods that do not require chemical or energy input. A large number of bacteria and fungi possess great ability to convert high molecular weight compounds from the substrate into lower mass compounds due to the synthesis of microbial extracellular enzymes. Microbial strains isolated from various sources are used singly or in combination to break down the recalcitrant polymeric structures and thus increase biogasgeneration. Enzymatic treatment of LC biomass depends mainly on enzymes like hemicellulases and cellulases generated by microorganisms. The articles main purpose is to provide an overview regarding the enzymatic/biological pretreatment as one of the most potent techniques for enhancing biogas production.
Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain)
Authors: Orro Alfonso , Novales Margarita , Monteagudo Ángel , Pérez-López José-Benito , Bugarín Miguel R.
Published: September 2020

The COVID–19 pandemic led to restrictions on activities and mobility in many parts of the world. After the main peak of the crisis, restrictions were gradually removed, returning to a new normal situation. This process has impacted urban mobility. The limited information on the new normal situation shows changes that can be permanent or reversible. The impact on the diverse urban transport modes varies. This study analyzes the changes in transit ridership by line, the use of stops, the main origin–destination flows, changes in transit supply, operation time, and reliability of the city bus network of A Coruña. It is based on data from automatic vehicle location, bus stop boarding, and smart card use. Data from the first half of 2020 were compared to similar data in 2017–2019, defining suitable baselines for each analysis to avoid seasonal and day of week effects. The impact on transit ridership during the lockdown process was more significant than that on general traffic. In the new normal situation, the general traffic and the shared bike system recovered a higher percentage of their previous use than the bus system. These impacts are not uniform across the bus network.
Sinking Islands, Drowned Logic; Climate Change and Community-Based Adaptation Discourses in Solomon Islands
Authors: van der Ploeg Jan , Sukulu Meshach , Govan Hugh , Minter Tessa , Eriksson Hampus
Published: September 2020

The saltwater people of Solomon Islands are often portrayed to be at the frontline of climate change. In media, policy, and development discourses, the erosion and abandonment of the small, man-made islands along the coast of Malaita is attributed to climate change induced sea-level rise. This paper investigates this sinking islands narrative, and argues that a narrow focus on the projected impacts of climate change distracts attention and resources from more pressing environmental and development problems that are threatening rural livelihoods.
Analysis of Contracts to Build Energy Infrastructures to Optimize the OPEX
Authors: Losada-Maseda Jesus Javier , Castro-Santos Laura , Graña-López Manuel Ángel , García-Diez Ana Isabel , Filgueira-Vizoso Almudena
Published: September 2020

The employer (owner) of the project wants to obtain the maximum profit for the money invested and the consultant (contractor) will try to give less for that money. The regulation of their relationship is based on the contractual agreement, which in the energy sector is mainly based on the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) model. The objective of this work was to evaluate which factors should be included in the drafting of contracts, to minimize problems between the parties, and thus minimize execution costs and optimize operation and maintenance costs. Information and data on the integration of operability and maintainability criteria in contracts for 158 projects, with a total contract value of close to €40,000M, were analyzed. Several of those projects corresponded to wind, solar, and hydroelectric plants. The information collected the perception of the agents involved, and was classified according to the experience of the agents consulted in the operation and maintenance areas. Finally, the proposed criteria were prioritized. In general, the owner is willing to introduce these criteria in his contracts if they reduce the operation and maintenance cost by around 1–5%, while the contractor is interested in increasing his probability to be selected by 1–3%.
Japanese Mothers’ Intention to HPV Vaccinate Their Daughters: How Has It Changed over Time Because of the Prolonged Suspension of the Governmental Recommendation?
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Masuda Tatsuo , Ikeda Sayaka , Miyatake Takashi , Nakagawa Satoshi , Hirai Kei , Nakayama Tomio , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: September 2020

The trend for cervical cancer in younger women has been increasing recently in Japan. However, as a result of the suspension of governmental recommendation, Japan’s HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination rate for girls born since 2000 has dropped sharply. We conducted an internet survey in December of 2019, 76 months after the suspension of recommendation, to verify the intention of mothers to inoculate their daughter under current circumstances and compared with our previous surveys and leaflet intervention effect. The rates of mothers who replied that they would “inoculate” were significantly higher at 9 and 23 months, but by 32 months after the suspension the rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). The rates of the mothers who replied they would not inoculate were significantly lower at 9 months and 23 months, but at 76 months was significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). We found that intervention with a leaflet that could be used under the current suspension of the governmental recommendation did not increase the mothers’ intention to inoculate their daughters. A leaflet that actively encourages vaccination may increase the intent of vaccination. It is strongly recommended that the MHLW promptly resume its recommendations for HPV vaccination.
Target Ecological Limits and Not Economic Growth
Authors: Fitzpatrick John J.
Published: September 2020

Economic growth has both benefits and detriments for the sustainability of human flourishing. Economic growth has resulted in increased natural resource utilisation and discharges of emissions and wastes, which is worrying from a sustainability perspective. However, economic growth is intrinsically not a bad thing. It has many beneficial aspects, in particular the increasing supply of necessary goods and services that are needed to facilitate the flourishing of a growing human population. Furthermore, all types of economic growth are not necessarily impacting negatively on the natural environment. The key point is that global policy should not simply target economic growth with the aim of constraining it and striving for negative growth as a means to solving environmental sustainability concerns. This paper outlines the concept of ecological limits associated with natural resource utilisation and discharge of harmful emissions and wastes. It suggests that, instead of targeting economic growth, policies should target specific natural resource utilisation and emission discharge rates that exceed their ecological limits. Action plans should be developed and implemented using socioeconomic and technological approaches that try to bring these specific utilisations or discharges back to within their ecological limits. This may impact negatively on economic growth in the short to medium term but it is targeting specific resources and emissions that are unsustainable and the economic growth associated with them only. In the longer term, these actions may facilitate economic growth, while remaining within ecological limits.
The effectiveness of a phase system feeding of pheasants when intensive rearing for meat
Authors: Medvedev A. , Pashchenko T. , Zubkova Yu. , Medvedeva K.
Published: September 2020

A new phase system of feeding pheasants at their intensive rearing for meat, enhanced by factors of amino acid and energy influence on the young poultry growth rate into account its feeding preferences has been developed and allowing to obtain the live weight of pheasants at the age of 17 weeks at the level of 900 g and more. With the use of this system the yield of gutted carcass of pheasant reaches 60–61 % of the pre-slaughter weight with a sufficiently high specific weight of valuable parts-breast (40–42 %) and legs (29–30 %). In the proposed system of poultry feeding the same type of corn grain component of compound feed is more effective when it is 55 % by weight,. The experimental data confirm that the corn type of feeding pheasants intensively reared for meat, contributes to the activation of feeding behavior of young poultry. At the same time, the total time of feed consumption by poultry per head in comparison with the use of a set grain feeds (wheat – 15 %, barley – 11 %, corn – 31 %, peas – 8 % by weight) significantly increases by 12–13 minutes per day. The increase in feed activity is one of the factors allowing to increase the live weight at 17 weeks by 112,9 g or 14.5 % (P < 0,001) and the weight of pheasant legs after slaughter by 20,0 g or 14,7 % (P < 0,05). At the same time feed expenditures per 100 g of growth are reduced: dry matter by 0,12 kg (22,2 %), metabolic energy by 1,51 MJ or 20,8 %, and raw protein by 0,03 kg or 25 %. The preferential use of corn for fattening makes it possible to reduce the sale price of young poultry of meat purpose in live weight by 53–54 rubles or 15–16 %, and in the form of gutted carcass by 58–59 rubles or 9,5–10,0 %, which increases the effectiveness of pheasant meat production technology.
Algorithm for generating matrices of estimated effects for breeding evaluation of small cattle using a mixed biometric model
Authors: Katkov K. , Skorykh L. , Ostapchuk P. , Kuevda T. , Proshlyakov R.
Published: September 2020

The use of a mixed biometric model for breeding evaluation of small cattle has been discussed in the article. This model of breeding evaluation involves a large number of matrix operations. At the same time, the volumes of the formed matrices are directly proportional to the number of animals in the evaluated sample as well as to the number of their off spring. An algorithm for generating matrices of estimated effects that have a large dimension has been presented in the paper. This task is the most time-consuming when using a mixed biometric model. Currently, there are the large number of mathematical packages that provide ample opportunities for performing calculations. A special place in this series is occupied by the integrated mathematical package MATLAB has been designed specifically for performing matrix operations. The authors rely on the use of this package in their work. At the same time the algorithm presented in this paper has the property of universality and can be applied by users in any other software product. Since the matrices of the estimated effects consist of zeros and ones we propose the two-step procedure for forming these matrices. At the first stage, a zero matrix of the required dimension is created. At the second stage, in accordance with the data on the number of evaluated animals, the number of herds for which off spring are distributed, the number and affiliation of evaluated animals to genetic groups, the elements of the matrix are determined, in which zeros are replaced by ones. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is its versatility, and the representation of the algorithm in the form of a block diagram will allow you to design it as a separate proceduresubroutine.
Polymorphism of genes of Growth Hormone (GH) and Calpastatin (CAST) in wool-and-meat producing sheep
Authors: Skorykh L. , Fominova I. , Surzhikova E. , Kovalenko D.
Published: September 2020

At present, modern technologies involving the use of DNA markers, which are widely used in national breeding programs in a number of countries with developed animal husbandry are of considerable interest and have a signifi cant infl uence on improving productivity traits. A signifi cant number of genes associated with meat productivity and meat quality have been identifi ed. In sheep breeding such research has been developed only recently. Due to the growing interest in the production of young mutton and lamb, priority is given to the study of genes that control meat productivity. However, the most popular are genetic markers that are interconnected with candidate genes, whose protein products play a signifi cant role in the formation or regulation of physiological and biochemical processes. Alleles of the Growth Hormone (GH) gene and Calpastatin (CAST) gene are considered as potential markers of sheep meat productivity. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the polymorphism of GH and CAST genes in crossbred wool-and-meat producing sheep (1/2 Poll Dorset × 1/2 North Caucasian wool-and-meat producing breed) bred in the Stavropol Territory. The analysis of Somatotropin and Calpastatin gene polymorphism was performed by PCR-PDRF. When studying GH gene polymorphism, the genotypes AA, AB and BB have been found, the frequency of occurrence of which was 29,7; 42,8 and 27,5 %, respectively. Allele A prevailed in the studied animals – 0,786, allele B was – 0,214. The CAST gene was represented by two genotypes MM and MN (the NN genotype was absent in the animals of this group) with a frequency of 87,9 and 12,1 %, respectively. The frequency of the M allele was high at 0,94, while the n allele was low at 0,06. The results obtained during the researches indicate the establishment of a variety of allelic variants of Somatotropin and Calpastatin genes in wool-and-meat producing sheep. Further research will be aimed at studying the association of identifi ed polymorphisms with economically useful traits.
Live weight and livability of piglets received from sows with different duration of open days period and lactation
Authors: Darin A. , Busov A.
Published: September 2020

The most important element of pork production technology is the reproduction of the herd. Among all the reproductive traits of sows, there is a special emphasis on the heavy litter or live weight of piglets at birth, which largely determines the growth rate of young animals in further age periods. The livability of piglets ultimately determines how many young pigs will come to fattening and how much pork will be obtained. Therefore, the study of the reproductive traits of pigs is relevant for the theory and practice of pig breeding. The researches have been carried out under the environments of the reproductor of an industrial pig breeding complex, where the infl uence of the duration of the days open period and lactation of sows (suckling period) on their heavy litter and livability of piglets has been studied. The most signifi cant increase in sow fertility has been found, depending on the length of the days open period, when only one heat was missed. In the group of sows when weaning piglets at the age of 18, 21 and 24 days and the duration of the days open period of 21–28 days, the heavy litter was 0,054–0,197 kg more than when using sows with the days open period of 1–7 days. When inseminating sows with the days open period of 45 days or more compared to the group of sows with the days open period of 21–28 days, the increase in their heavy litter has not been observed. For example, the average heavy litter in the group of sows with the days open period of 45 days or more was 0,06 kg less than in sows with the days open period of 21–28 days. On average the groups of sows during insemination in the second heat after weaning piglets have shown the increase in heavy litter and livability of piglets compared to the group of sows without missing the heat. Sows inseminated in the second heat with the days open period of 21–28 days increased by 0.106 kg (P < 0,001) compared to the group of sows without heat missing. The researches have shown the increase in the livability of piglets in the groups of sows with the days open period of 21–24 and 45 days by more than 0,7–2,2 %, compared with the group of sows with the days open period of 1–7 days.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Disiplin Dan Pengembangan Karier Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Asam Jawa Medan
Authors: Sihombing Swandy L. , Nainggolan Eni Melina , Diafri Dikki , Sitompul Grace Desyantika , Anggoro Muhammad Agung
Published: September 2020

PT. Asam Jawa is a company operating in the oil palm sector as an object that we make to conduct research. Research or research is carried out to evaluate and test whether there is an influence or impact of competence, discipline, and career development on employee performance at PT. Asam Jawa, the city of Medan. Where the multiple Linear Regression analysis method that researchers use in this study, this method is a linear regression model that involves more than one independent variable or hypothesis. With the population taken, namely all employees, the number is 45 employees. And testing the sample of researchers in the study is to use saturated sampling where all employees of PT. Asam Jawa, Medan, which used as a sample of 45 respondents and 30 respondents as a test of validity and reliability of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III. From the results of researchers in the study stated that competence, discipline, and career development simultaneously (simultaneously) and partially (independently) are significant and have a positive effect on the performance of company employees, where the coefficient of determination is 0.609 which proves that (x1) competence, ( x2) discipline and (x3) career development have an effect on or have a relationship with employee performance with the percentage quality of 60.9% and the remaining 39.1% are the results of hypotheses or foreign / different variables not examined by researchers in the study.
Sphingomonas melonis ve Bacillus muralis’in İndaziflam Herbisiti Üzerinde Biyoparçalanma Performansı
Authors: ERGUVEN Gokhan , KANAT Gürdal
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, toprak bakterileri olan Sphingomonas melonis (Sm) ve Bacillus muralis'in (Bm) farklı indaziflam herbisiti konsantrasyonlarında (100, 150 ve 200 ppm) biyodegradasyon performansı 250C'ta kültür koşullarında önemli çevresel parametreler ile birlikte. S.m bakterisi Türkiye'nin Adana ilindeki pamuk tarımı yapılan tarımsal alandan izole edilirken, B.m Kırklareli bölgesinde ayçiçeği tarlasından izole edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; S.m için en etkili biyoparçalanma oranı 6 günde BOİ5 ve KOİ için sırasıyla %83 ve 73 iken TOK giderim oranları %70’tir. B.m için en etkili biyoparçalanma oranı KOİ ve BOİ5 parametrelerinde 5 günde 100 ppm’de %91 ve 84 iken TOK giderim oranı aynı zaman zarfında %77’dir. S.m ve B.m’ de 5. ve 6. günlerin sonunda popülasyon dinamiği sonuçlarına göre bulanıklığın artması bu parametreler ile biyoremediasyon sonuçlarını doğrulamaktadır. Bu sonuçlar göstermiştir ki S.m ve B.m indaziflam remediasyonunda etkili KOİ, TOK ve BOİ5 gideriminde kullanılabilir.
The First Record and Origin of Salmo trutta Populations Established in the Upper Tigris River and Lake Van Basin, Eastern Anatolia (Teleostei: Salmonidae)
Authors: KAYA Cüneyt
Published: September 2020

In the scope of this study, origin of the two Salmo populations from streams Sapur (a southwestern drainage of Lake Van) and Arpet (an uppermost drainage of Botan River, Tigris catchment) was investigated based on morphologic and molecular data. The occurrence of the any Salmo species in both drainages have never been recorded up to date. The both populations found conspecific and identified as Salmo trutta which translocated from Europe. Besides, both populations were observed as successfully established.
Un Acercamiento al Estudio de la Sociología y El Derecho
Authors: OROZCO-VALENCIA Zocimo Edilberto
Published: September 2020

This Artícle makes an approach to Sociology and Law. We could appreciate both sciences are related. 5 principal elements are commented which are Sociology, Sociology Law, Legal Pluralism, Social-Law Theory and the social law concept. Different paradigms are showed to make a social approach of law.
Hygienic Characteristics of a Physically Active Lifestyle of Primary School Children of Different Gender
Authors: Morgachev OV , Khramtsov
Published: September 2020

Background: The lifestyle of primary school children has a direct impact on the level of physical activity
that plays a crucial role in their health improvement. Our objective was to assess gender-specific characteristics of a
physically active lifestyle of primary school children. Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based survey of 124 boys
and 141 girls aged 8–10 years was conducted to collect information about the main lifestyle factors contributing to the
increase in physical activity. Results: Only 12.1±2.7 % of girls and 24.2±3.8 % of boys reported sufficient duration of
outdoor activities (p < 0.05). 71.8±4.0 % of boys and 74.5±3.7 % of girls attend sports clubs and take dance classes. The
proportion of those doing martial arts and playing sports games was higher in boys than in girls: 35.5±4.3 % against
3.5±1.6 % (p < 0.001) and 20.2±3.6 % against 10.6±2.6 % (p < 0.05), respectively. On the opposite, more girls did complex
coordinated sports and took dance classes compared to boys: 41.8±4.2 % against 8.1±2.4 % (p < 0.001). We established
that 79.8±3.6 % of boys and 75.9±3.6 % of girls (p>0.05) engaged in physical activity independently and/or with parents.
We also found that 16.9±3.4% of boys and 29.8±3.9% of girls did not take part in active play during school breaks and at
leisure (p<0.05). Physical education lessons were enjoyed by 84.7±3.2% of boys and 87.2±2.8% of girls (p>0.05). Conclusions:
The lifestyle of modern primary school boys and girls has specific features that must be taken into account when
implementing a sex-differentiated approach during physical education classes. It is expedient to engage boys in sports
games and exercises that help develop coordination and flexibility and girls – in outdoor and sports games.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN INTERNET COMMUNITIES: COMBINING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES
Authors: Ponomarev A.M. , Blagodatsky G.A.
Published: September 2020

The article gives a brief description of the methodology, basic research methods and procedures, the purpose of which is to develop an empirical model of integration processes in Internet communities. The development was carried out in collaboration between sociologists and computer programmers. The research object is defined as network communities of Internet users based on international blog platforms on the global Internet (Russian-language segment). As a subject of research, the integration processes of these communities are highlighted. The study was carried out on the basis of the grounded-theory methodology; observation was carried out on twelve mobilizing-type Internet communities. Observation procedures were accompanied by open, axial and selective coding. The results of observation and coding were subjected to hierarchical structuring using the method of hierarchy analysis of T. Saati. The results are summarized in a four-level empirical model of integration processes in Internet communities, containing structural and functional characteristics, internal characteristics of the group and external factors, as well as indicators.
Autonomous Fruit Recognition System Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, Savant Sahana P. , Khanagoudar P.S. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
Published: September 2020

Recently it is found that people are becoming more cautious to their diet throughout the universe. Unhealthy diet can cause many problems like sugar, obesity, gain in weight and many other chronic health related issues. Essential part of our diet is contributed by fruits as they are rich source of vitamins, fiber, energy and nutrients. Today’s era has been adapted to a system of intake of foods which has several adverse effects on human health. The proposed system is Autonomous Fruit Recognition system based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) method. Using this technology recognition and estimation of fruit calories is necessary to spread awareness about food habits among people suffering from obesity due to bad food culture and consumption of food .This proposed web/app based system simplifies the calorie measuring process of fruit. The machine learning based API used in our system recognize the fruit and provide calorie content of that fruit. System uses convolutional Neural Network called MobileNet. This web/app based application is user friendly.