bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel BRD4 inhibitor suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis by blocking RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Wenjie , Yu Ziqiang , Zhang Yan , Li Yinghua , Xie Dantao , Xie Gang , Fan Li , He Shipeng
Published: June 2021

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising treatment target for bone-related disorders. (+)-JQ1, a thienotriazolodiazepine compound, has been shown to inhibit pro-osteoclastic activity in a BRD4-dependent approach and impede bone loss caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in vivo. However, clinical trials of (+)-JQ1 are limited because of its poor druggability. In this study, we synthesized a new (+)-JQ1 derivative differing in structure and chirality. One such derivative, (+)-ND, exhibited higher solubility and excellent inhibitory activity against BRD4 compared with its analogue (+)-JQ1. Interestingly, (-)-JQ1 and (-)-ND exhibited low anti-proliferative activity and had no significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis as compared with (+)-JQ1 and (+)-ND, suggesting the importance of chirality in the biological activity of compounds. Among these compounds, (+)-ND displayed the most prominent inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, (+)-ND could inhibit osteoclast-specific gene expression, F‐actin ring generation, and bone resorption in vitro and prevent bone loss in OVX mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that (+)-ND represses RANKL‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis and averts OVX-triggered osteoporosis by suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signalling cascades, suggesting that it may be a prospective candidate for osteoporosis treatment.
DNA methylation mediated RSPO2 to promote follicular development in mammals
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , He Yingting , Li Nian , Bai Guofeng , Pan Xiangchun , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Hao , Li Jiaqi , Yuan Xiaolong
Published: June 2021

In female mammals, the proliferation, apoptosis, and estradiol-17β (E2) secretion of granulosa cells (GCs) have come to decide the fate of follicles. DNA methylation and RSPO2 gene of Wnt signaling pathway have been reported to involve in the survival of GCs and follicular development. However, the molecular mechanisms for how DNA methylation regulates the expression of RSPO2 and participates in the follicular development are not clear. In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of RSPO2 significantly increased during follicular development, but the DNA methylation level of RSPO2 promoter decreased gradually. Inhibition of DNA methylation or DNMT1 knockdown could decrease the methylation level of CpG island (CGI) in RSPO2 promoter and upregulate the expression level of RSPO2 in porcine GCs. The hypomethylation of −758/−749 and −563/−553 regions in RSPO2 promoter facilitated the occupancy of transcription factor E2F1 and promoted the transcriptional activity of RSPO2. Moreover, RSPO2 promoted the proliferation of GCs with increasing the expression level of PCNA, CDK1, and CCND1 and promoted the E2 secretion of GCs with increasing the expression level of CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 and inhibited the apoptosis of GCs with decreasing the expression level of Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3, cleaved Caspase8, cleaved Caspase9, cleaved PARP, and BAX. In addition, RSPO2 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of GCs, blocked the development of follicles, and delayed the onset of puberty with decreasing the expression level of Wnt signaling pathway-related genes (LGR4 and CTNNB1) in vivo. Taken together, the hypomethylation of −758/−749 and −563/−553 regions in RSPO2 promoter facilitated the occupancy of E2F1 and enhanced the transcription of RSPO2, which further promoted the proliferation and E2 secretion of GCs, inhibited the apoptosis of GCs, and ultimately ameliorated the development of follicles through Wnt signaling pathway. This study will provide useful information for further exploration on DNA-methylation-mediated RSPO2 pathway during follicular development.
Storage and export of microbial biomass across the western Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Irvine-Fynn T. D. L. , Edwards A. , Stevens I. T. , Mitchell A. C. , Bunting P. , Box J. E. , Cameron K. A. , Cook J. M. , Naegeli K. , Rassner S. M. E. , Ryan J. C. , Stibal M. , Williamson C. J. , Hubbard A.
Published: June 2021

The Greenland Ice Sheet harbours a wealth of microbial life, yet the total biomass stored or exported from its surface to downstream environments is unconstrained. Here, we quantify microbial abundance and cellular biomass flux within the near-surface weathering crust photic zone of the western sector of the ice sheet. Using groundwater techniques, we demonstrate that interstitial water flow is slow (~10−2 m d−1), while flow cytometry enumeration reveals this pathway delivers 5 × 108 cells m−2 d−1 to supraglacial streams, equivalent to a carbon flux up to 250 g km−2 d−1. We infer that cellular carbon accumulation in the weathering crust exceeds fluvial export, promoting biomass sequestration, enhanced carbon cycling, and biological albedo reduction. We estimate that up to 37 kg km−2 of cellular carbon is flushed from the weathering crust environment of the western Greenland Ice Sheet each summer, providing an appreciable flux to support heterotrophs and methanogenesis at the bed.
Transcriptional super-enhancers control cancer stemness and metastasis genes in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dong Jiaqiang , Li Jiong , Li Yang , Ma Zhikun , Yu Yongxin , Wang Cun-Yu
Published: June 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in invasive growth and metastasis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although significant progress has been made in understanding the self-renewal and pro-tumorigenic potentials of CSCs, a key challenge remains on how to eliminate CSCs and halt metastasis effectively. Here we show that super-enhancers (SEs) play a critical role in the transcription of cancer stemness genes as well as pro-metastatic genes, thereby controlling their tumorigenic potential and metastasis. Mechanistically, we find that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) recruits Mediators and NF-κB p65 to form SEs at cancer stemness genes such as TP63, MET and FOSL1, in addition to oncogenic transcripts. In vivo lineage tracing reveals that disrupting SEs by BET inhibitors potently inhibited CSC self-renewal and eliminated CSCs in addition to elimination of proliferating non-stem tumor cells in a mouse model of HNSCC. Moreover, disrupting SEs also inhibits the invasive growth and lymph node metastasis of human CSCs isolated from human HNSCC. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting SEs may serve as an effective therapy for HNSCC by eliminating CSCs.
Social transmission in the wild can reduce predation pressure on novel prey signals
Authors: Hämäläinen Liisa , Hoppitt William , Rowland Hannah M. , Mappes Johanna , Fulford Anthony J. , Sosa Sebastian , Thorogood Rose
Published: June 2021

Social transmission of information is taxonomically widespread and could have profound effects on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of animal communities. Demonstrating this in the wild, however, has been challenging. Here we show by field experiment that social transmission among predators can shape how selection acts on prey defences. Using artificial prey and a novel approach in statistical analyses of social networks, we find that blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tit (Parus major) predators learn about prey defences by watching others. This shifts population preferences rapidly to match changes in prey profitability, and reduces predation pressure from naïve predators. Our results may help resolve how costly prey defences are maintained despite influxes of naïve juvenile predators, and suggest that accounting for social transmission is essential if we are to understand coevolutionary processes.
The nanoscale molecular morphology of docked exocytic dense-core vesicles in neuroendocrine cells
Authors: Prasai Bijeta , Haber Gideon J. , Strub Marie-Paule , Ahn Regina , Ciemniecki John A. , Sochacki Kem A. , Taraska Justin W.
Published: June 2021

Rab-GTPases and their interacting partners are key regulators of secretory vesicle trafficking, docking, and fusion to the plasma membrane in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Where and how these proteins are positioned and organized with respect to the vesicle and plasma membrane are unknown. Here, we use correlative super-resolution light and platinum replica electron microscopy to map Rab-GTPases (Rab27a and Rab3a) and their effectors (Granuphilin-a, Rabphilin3a, and Rim2) at the nanoscale in 2D. Next, we apply a targetable genetically-encoded electron microscopy labeling method that uses histidine based affinity-tags and metal-binding gold-nanoparticles to determine the 3D axial location of these exocytic proteins and two SNARE proteins (Syntaxin1A and SNAP25) using electron tomography. Rab proteins are distributed across the entire surface and t-SNARE proteins at the base of docked vesicles. We propose that the circumferential distribution of Rabs and Rab-effectors could aid in the efficient transport, capture, docking, and rapid fusion of calcium-triggered exocytic vesicles in excitable cells.
Hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages
Authors: Lai Ching-Yao , Stevens Laura A. , Chase Danielle L. , Creyts Timothy T. , Behn Mark D. , Das Sarah B. , Stone Howard A.
Published: June 2021

Surface meltwater reaching the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet transits through drainage networks, modulating the flow of the ice sheet. Dye and gas-tracing studies conducted in the western margin sector of the ice sheet have directly observed drainage efficiency to evolve seasonally along the drainage pathway. However, the local evolution of drainage systems further inland, where ice thicknesses exceed 1000 m, remains largely unknown. Here, we infer drainage system transmissivity based on surface uplift relaxation following rapid lake drainage events. Combining field observations of five lake drainage events with a mathematical model and laboratory experiments, we show that the surface uplift decreases exponentially with time, as the water in the blister formed beneath the drained lake permeates through the subglacial drainage system. This deflation obeys a universal relaxation law with a timescale that reveals hydraulic transmissivity and indicates a two-order-of-magnitude increase in subglacial transmissivity (from 0.8 ± 0.3 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$mm3to 215 ± 90.2 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$mm3) as the melt season progresses, suggesting significant changes in basal hydrology beneath the lakes driven by seasonal meltwater input.
Continuous-capture microwave imaging
Authors: da Silva Fabio C. S. , Kos Anthony B. , Antonucci Grace E. , Coder Jason B. , Nelson Craig W. , Hati Archita
Published: June 2021

Light-in-flight sensing has emerged as a promising technique in image reconstruction applications at various wavelengths. We report a microwave imaging system that uses an array of transmitters and a single receiver operating in continuous transmit-receive mode. Captures take a few microseconds and the corresponding images cover a spatial range of tens of square meters with spatial resolution of 0.1 meter. The images are the result of a dot product between a reconstruction matrix and the captured signal with no prior knowledge of the scene. The reconstruction matrix uses an engineered electromagnetic field mask to create unique random time patterns at every point in the scene and correlates it with the captured signal to determine the corresponding voxel value. We report the operation of the system through simulations and experiment in a laboratory scene. We demonstrate through-wall real-time imaging, tracking, and observe second-order images from specular reflections.
Polymer cyclization for the emergence of hierarchical nanostructures
Authors: Chen Chaojian , Singh Manjesh Kumar , Wunderlich Katrin , Harvey Sean , Whitfield Colette J. , Zhou Zhixuan , Wagner Manfred , Landfester Katharina , Lieberwirth Ingo , Fytas George , Kremer Kurt , Mukherji Debashish , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja
Published: June 2021

The creation of synthetic polymer nanoobjects with well-defined hierarchical structures is important for a wide range of applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and therapeutics. Inspired by the programmability and precise three-dimensional architectures of biomolecules, here we demonstrate the strategy of fabricating controlled hierarchical structures through self-assembly of folded synthetic polymers. Linear poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) of different lengths are folded into cyclic polymers and their self-assembly into hierarchical structures is elucidated by various experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on their structural similarity, macrocyclic brush polymers with amphiphilic block side chains are synthesized, which can self-assemble into wormlike and higher-ordered structures. Our work points out the vital role of polymer folding in macromolecular self-assembly and establishes a versatile approach for constructing biomimetic hierarchical assemblies.
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with adenine nucleobase inhibit Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in vitro
Authors: Doleželová Eva , Klejch Tomáš , Špaček Petr , Slapničková Martina , Guddat Luke , Hocková Dana , Zíková Alena
Published: June 2021

All medically important unicellular protozoans cannot synthesize purines de novo and they entirely rely on the purine salvage pathway (PSP) for their nucleotide generation. Therefore, purine derivatives have been considered as a promising source of anti-parasitic compounds since they can act as inhibitors of the PSP enzymes or as toxic products upon their activation inside of the cell. Here, we characterized a Trypanosoma brucei enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine, the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT). We showed that its two isoforms (APRT1 and APRT2) localize partly in the cytosol and partly in the glycosomes of the bloodstream form (BSF) of the parasite. RNAi silencing of both APRT enzymes showed no major effect on the growth of BSF parasites unless grown in artificial medium with adenine as sole purine source. To add into the portfolio of inhibitors for various PSP enzymes, we designed three types of acyclic nucleotide analogs as potential APRT inhibitors. Out of fifteen inhibitors, four compounds inhibited the activity of the recombinant APRT1 with Ki in single µM values. The ANP phosphoramidate membrane-permeable prodrugs showed pronounced anti-trypanosomal activity in a cell-based assay, despite the fact that APRT enzymes are dispensable for T. brucei growth in vitro. While this suggests that the tested ANP prodrugs exert their toxicity by other means in T. brucei, the newly designed inhibitors can be further improved and explored to identify their actual target(s).
Investigation of key chemical species from durian peduncles and their correlations with durian maturity
Authors: Charoensumran Preeyarad , Pratumyot Kornkanya , Vilaivan Tirayut , Praneenararat Thanit
Published: June 2021

The popularity and high price of durian make quality control in terms of ripeness very important, which in turn depends heavily on harvesting at an appropriate maturity stage. To date, reports on data-driven methods for maturity prediction are scarce, with many rather focusing on ripeness prediction. Herein, we report the first disclosure of key molecular markers in the liquid extract of durian peduncle that can be a predictive tool for maturity. Multiple chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques including TLC, HPLC, PS-MS, LC–MS/MS, and NMR, were used to characterize chemical profiles of the aqueous extracts from peduncles at different ages. Four compounds that show positive correlations with maturity were identified as sucrose, asparagine, arginine, and pipecolic acid, with asparagine as the most abundant species. This finding paves the way for more research of high impact such as the relationship between biochemical reactions in peduncle and pulp, and the development of accurate and non-destructive sensors for maturity prediction.
Laser ablation of silicon with THz bursts of femtosecond pulses
Authors: Gaudiuso Caterina , Terekhin Pavel N. , Volpe Annalisa , Nolte Stefan , Rethfeld Bärbel , Ancona Antonio
Published: June 2021

In this work, we performed an experimental investigation supported by a theoretical analysis, to improve knowledge on the laser ablation of silicon with THz bursts of femtosecond laser pulses. Laser ablated craters have been created using 200 fs pulses at a wavelength of 1030 nm on silicon samples systematically varying the burst features and comparing to the normal pulse mode (NPM). Using bursts in general allowed reducing the thermal load to the material, however, at the expense of the ablation rate. The higher the number of pulses in the bursts and the lower the intra-burst frequency, the lower is the specific ablation rate. However, bursts at 2 THz led to a higher specific ablation rate compared to NPM, in a narrow window of parameters. Theoretical investigations based on the numerical solution of the density-dependent two temperature model revealed that lower lattice temperatures are reached with more pulses and lower intra-burst frequencies, thus supporting the experimental evidence of the lower thermal load in burst mode (BM). This is ascribed to the weaker transient drop of reflectivity, which suggests that with bursts less energy is transferred from the laser to the material. This also explains the trends of the specific ablation rates. Moreover, we found that two-photon absorption plays a fundamental role during BM processing in the THz frequency range.
Invasive Lactuca serriola seeds contain endophytic bacteria that contribute to drought tolerance
Authors: Jeong Seorin , Kim Tae-Min , Choi Byungwook , Kim Yousuk , Kim Eunsuk
Published: June 2021

The mutualistic relationship between alien plant species and microorganisms is proposed to facilitate or hinder invasive success, depending on whether plants can form novel associations with microorganisms in the introduced habitats. However, this hypothesis has not considered seed endophytes that would move together with plant propagules. Little information is available on the seed endophytic bacteria of invasive species and their effects on plant performance. We isolated the seed endophytic bacteria of a xerophytic invasive plant,Lactuca serriola, and examined their plant growth-promoting traits. In addition, we assessed whether these seed endophytes contributed to plant drought tolerance. Forty-two bacterial species were isolated from seeds, and all of them exhibited at least one plant growth-promoting trait.Kosakonia cowaniioccurred in all four tested plant populations and produced a high concentration of exopolysaccharides in media with a highly negative water potential. Notably, applyingK. cowaniiGG1 toArabidopsis thalianastimulated plant growth under drought conditions. It also reduced soil water loss under drought conditions, suggesting bacterial production of exopolysaccharides might contribute to the maintenance of soil water content. These results imply that invasive plants can disperse along with beneficial bacterial symbionts, which potentially improve plant fitness and help to establish alien plant species.
Rgs4 is a regulator of mTOR activity required for motoneuron axon outgrowth and neuronal development in zebrafish
Authors: Mikdache Aya , Boueid Marie-José , van der Spek Lorijn , Lesport Emilie , Delespierre Brigitte , Loisel-Duwattez Julien , Degerny Cindy , Tawk Marcel
Published: June 2021

The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (Rgs4) is a member of the RGS proteins superfamily that modulates the activity of G-protein coupled receptors. It is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is linked to several neuronal signaling pathways; however, its role in neural development in vivo remains inconclusive. Here, we generated and characterized a rgs4 loss of function model (MZrgs4) in zebrafish. MZrgs4 embryos showed motility defects and presented reduced head and eye sizes, reflecting defective motoneurons axon outgrowth and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Forcing the expression of Rgs4 specifically within motoneurons rescued their early defective outgrowth in MZrgs4 embryos, indicating an autonomous role for Rgs4 in motoneurons. We also analyzed the role of Akt, Erk and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades and showed a requirement for these pathways in motoneurons axon outgrowth and neuronal development. Drawing on pharmacological and rescue experiments in MZrgs4, we provide evidence that Rgs4 facilitates signaling mediated by Akt, Erk and mTOR in order to drive axon outgrowth in motoneurons and regulate neuronal numbers.
Optimizing setup of scan number in FTIR spectroscopy using the moment distance index and PLS regression: application to soil spectroscopy
Authors: Barra Issam , Khiari Lotfi , Haefele Stephan M. , Sakrabani Ruben , Kebede Fassil
Published: June 2021

Vibrational spectroscopy such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), has been used successfully for soil diagnosis owing to its low cost, minimal sample preparation, non-destructive nature, and reliable results. This study aimed at optimizing one of the essential settings during the acquisition of FTIR spectra (viz. Scans number) using the standardized moment distance index (SMDI) as a metric that could trap the fine points of the curve and extract optimal spectral fingerprints of the sample. Furthermore, it can be used successfully to assess the spectra resemblance. The study revealed that beyond 50 scans the similarity of the acquisitions has been remarkably improved. Subsequently, the effect of the number of scans on the predictive ability of partial least squares regression models for the estimation of five selected soil properties (i.e., soil pH in water, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity and Olsen phosphorus) was assessed, and the results showed a general tendency in improving the correlation coefficient (R2) as the number of scans increased from 10 to 80. In contrast, the cross-validation error RMSECV decreased with increasing scan number, reflecting an improvement of the predictive quality of the calibration models with an increasing number of scans.
Actin cytoskeleton deregulation confers midostaurin resistance in FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Garitano-Trojaola Andoni , Sancho Ana , Götz Ralph , Eiring Patrick , Walz Susanne , Jetani Hardikkumar , Gil-Pulido Jesus , Da Via Matteo Claudio , Teufel Eva , Rhodes Nadine , Haertle Larissa , Arellano-Viera Estibaliz , Tibes Raoul , Rosenwald Andreas , Rasche Leo , Hudecek Michael , Sauer Markus , Groll Jürgen , Einsele Hermann , Kraus Sabrina , Kortüm Martin K.
Published: June 2021

The presence of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. FLT3 inhibitors, such as midostaurin, are used clinically but fail to entirely eradicate FLT3-ITD + AML. This study introduces a new perspective and highlights the impact of RAC1-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling on resistance to midostaurin in AML. RAC1 hyperactivation leads resistance via hyperphosphorylation of the positive regulator of actin polymerization N-WASP and antiapoptotic BCL-2. RAC1/N-WASP, through ARP2/3 complex activation, increases the number of actin filaments, cell stiffness and adhesion forces to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) being identified as a biomarker of resistance. Midostaurin resistance can be overcome by a combination of midostaruin, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the RAC1 inhibitor Eht1864 in midostaurin-resistant AML cell lines and primary samples, providing the first evidence of a potential new treatment approach to eradicate FLT3-ITD + AML.
Functional differences between TSHR alleles associate with variation in spawning season in Atlantic herring
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Bi Huijuan , Pettersson Mats E. , Sato Daiki X. , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P. , Mo Chunheng , Younis Shady , Wallerman Ola , Jern Patric , Molés Gregorio , Gómez Ana , Kleinau Gunnar , Scheerer Patrick , Andersson Leif
Published: June 2021

The underlying molecular mechanisms that determine long day versus short day breeders remain unknown in any organism. Atlantic herring provides a unique opportunity to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in reproduction timing, because both spring and autumn spawners exist within the same species. Although our previous whole genome comparisons revealed a strong association of TSHR alleles with spawning seasons, the functional consequences of these variants remain unknown. Here we examined the functional significance of six candidate TSHR mutations strongly associated with herring reproductive seasonality. We show that the L471M missense mutation in the spring-allele causes enhanced cAMP signaling. The best candidate non-coding mutation is a 5.2 kb retrotransposon insertion upstream of the TSHR transcription start site, near an open chromatin region, which is likely to affect TSHR expression. The insertion occurred prior to the split between Pacific and Atlantic herring and was lost in the autumn-allele. Our study shows that strongly associated coding and non-coding variants at the TSHR locus may both contribute to the regulation of seasonal reproduction in herring.
Proteomics and lipidomics reveal the protective mechanism of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation for photoaging
Authors: Wang Peiru , Yan Guorong , Xue Huan , Shen Shuzhan , Cao Yajing , Zhang Guolong , Wang Xiuli
Published: June 2021

N-3 PUFA can alleviate photoaging by upregulating Hmmr expression, which may decrease Mmp9 expression, reducing collagen degradation.
A low-cost and effective bagasse-based magnetic porous biochar as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction of triazine herbicides in brown sugar
Authors: Li Peng , Fang Jiyong , Huang Dongting , Tang Jingjie , Huang Junsheng , Meng Fei
Published: June 2021

A magnetic porous biochar was prepared based on bagasse and used as an adsorbent in an MSPE-HPLC/UV process to simultaneously extract four triazines in brown sugar sample.
Nb2O5 as a radical modulator during oxidative dehydrogenation and as a Lewis acid promoter in CO2 assisted dehydrogenation of octane over confined 2D engineered NiO–Nb2O5–Al2O3
Authors: Farahani Majid D. , Fadlalla Mohamed I. , Ezekiel Itegbeyogene P. , Osman Nadir S. E. , Moyo Thomas , Claeys Michael , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: June 2021

Ordered mesoporous 2D NiO–Nb2O5–Al2O3 nano-composites were used for CO2 assisted dehydrogenation of n-octane; and the close proximity of Ni and Nb2O5 in the optimised catalyst promoted CO2 dissociation and substantially prolonged alkane activation.
Co2(CO)8 and unsaturated epoxides as unexpected partners in generating functionalized siloxane oils and cross-linked materials
Authors: Jakoobi Martin , Vivien Anthony , Camp Clément , Thieuleux Chloé
Published: June 2021

The unexpected formation of cross-linked silicon materials was observed via hydrosilylation of unsaturated epoxides with polymethylhydrosiloxane using Co2(CO)8 as a catalyst.
Ilex paraguariensis(A. St.-Hil.) leaf infusion decreases iron absorption in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis: a randomized controlled crossover study
Authors: Pagliosa Cristiane Manfé , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi , Dias Bruno Vieira , Brognoli Franco Vivian Karla , Ramos Hanna Pillmann , da Silva Edson Luiz
Published: June 2021

The acute intake ofIlex paraguariensisleaf infusion significantly inhibited the absorption of non-heme iron in hereditary hemochromatosis patients with theHFEgenotype and should be considered as a potential adjuvant for iron overload control.
Investigation into the mechanisms of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and non-enzymatic glycation by spectroscopy and molecular docking
Authors: Xing Xie , Chun Chen , Qiang Huang , Xiong Fu , Rui-Hai Liu
Published: June 2021

The inhibition of α-glucosidase and glycation is closely related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications.
Inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin on IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mast cell degranulationin vitroandvivo
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Xiangsheng , Chu Jianzhou , Shao Yuxin , Sun Yizhao , Zhang Yanfen , Liu Zhongcheng
Published: June 2021

Paeoniflorin is a potential anti-allergic drug that can hinder IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mast cell degranulation.
Rb intercalation enhanced the supercapacitive performance of layer-structured MoS2 as a 2D model material
Authors: Biby Ahmed H. , Ali Basant A. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: June 2021

Intercalation of alkali metals has proved to be an effective approach for the enhancement of the energy storage performance in layered-2D MoS2.
Topology design of digital metamaterials for ultra-compact integrated photonic devices based on mode manipulation
Authors: Ye Han , Wang Yanrong , Zhang Shuhe , Wang Danshi , Liu Yumin , Wang Mingchao , Zhang Qiming
Published: June 2021

Based on digital metamaterials designed by topology optimization, not only precise manipulation of mode order, but also reciprocal unidirectional transmission and mode division multiplexing are achieved with ultra-small device footprint.
Ultra-trace level detection of Cu2+ in an aqueous medium by novel Zn(ii)-dicarboxylato–pyridyl coordination polymers and cell imaging with HepG2 cells
Authors: Bhunia Suprava , Dutta Basudeb , Pal Kunal , Chandra Angeera , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: June 2021

Fluorescent 1D Zn(ii) coordination polymers are aggregated via noncovalent interactions. The emission of the CPs is exclusively quenched by Cu2+ and the LOD is at μM range. In aqueous medium internalization CPs within HepG2 cells is detected by microscopic cell image using Cu2+.
A solidified floating organic drop-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on in situ formed fatty acid-based deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of benzophenone-UV filters from water samples
Authors: Wang Huazi , Xu Qinqin , Jiao Jinglong , Wu Hai
Published: June 2021

A method for simultaneous P4,4,4,12Br–DecA deep eutectic solvent formation and UV filter extraction was developed.
Hemin-lipid assembly as an artemisinin oral delivery system for enhanced cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Qing , Wei Naijie , Guo Jingru , Feng Kai , Wong Yin Kwan , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Jigang , Sun Xiaolian
Published: June 2021

A liposomal nanostructure self-assembled from hemin-lipid has been designed to co-deliver artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, with hemin to mimic plasmodium falciparum microenvironment, and to take advantage of ART as an oral anticancer drug.
Anisotropic acoustic phonon polariton-enhanced infrared spectroscopy for single molecule detection
Authors: Lyu Wei , Teng Hanchao , Wu Chenchen , Zhang Xiaotao , Guo Xiangdong , Yang Xiaoxia , Dai Qing
Published: June 2021

Highly confined anisotropic acoustic phonon polaritons in a monolayer α-MoO3/air nanogap/Au heterostructure largely enhance single molecule detection with nano-FTIR.
Structure, phase transition and properties of the one-dimensional antiferromagnet Cu(2,6-dimethylpyrazine)Br2
Authors: Ding Fei , Yang Chuanlu , Gong Xiangnan , Zheng Hui , Zhou Xiaoyu , Li Lingli , Zhang Lichun , Wang Dehua , Pan Bingying
Published: June 2021

Novel transition from linear to non-linear chain structure was discovered in a one-dimensional magnet Cu(2,6-dimethylpyrazine)Br2.
Manganese oxide nanomaterials boost cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ding Binbin , Yue Jun , Zheng Pan , Ma Ping’an , Lin Jun
Published: June 2021

This review summarized the recent advances of manganese oxide nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy, covering adjusting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inducing immunogenic cell death, immunoadjuvants for nanovaccines and so on.
Observation of the correlation between the phonon frequency and long-range magnetic ordering on a MnW octacyanide molecule-based magnet
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Maeda Naotaka , Imoto Kenta , Nakabayashi Koji , Chiba Kouji , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: June 2021

An anomalous change in the cyanide-stretching mode at the magnetic phase transition, a correlation between the phonon mode and long-range magnetic ordering, is observed in a molecule-based magnet, manganese tungstate octacyanide-bimetal assembly.
Carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate formation at low temperature
Authors: Dartois E. , Langlet F.
Published: June 2021

Context.The formation and presence of clathrate hydrates could influence the composition and stability of planetary ices and comets; they are at the heart of the development of numerous complex planetary models, all of which include the necessary condition imposed by their stability curves, some of which include the cage occupancy or host–guest content and the hydration number, but fewer take into account the kinetics aspects.

Aims.We measure the temperature-dependent-diffusion-controlled formation of the carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate in the 155–210 K range in order to establish the clathrate formation kinetics at low temperature.

Methods.We exposed thin water ice films of a few microns in thickness deposited in a dedicated infrared transmitting closed cell to gaseous carbon dioxide maintained at a pressure of a few times the pressure at which carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate is thermodynamically stable. The time dependence of the clathrate formation was monitored with the recording of specific infrared vibrational modes of CO2with a Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometer.

Results.These experiments clearly show a two-step clathrate formation, particularly at low temperature, within a relatively simple geometric configuration. We satisfactorily applied a model combining surface clathration followed by a bulk diffusion–relaxation growth process to the experiments and derived the temperature-dependent-diffusion coefficient for the bulk spreading of clathrate. The derived apparent activation energy corresponding to this temperature-dependent-diffusion coefficient in the considered temperature range isEa= 24.7 ± 9.7 kJ mol−1. The kinetics parameters favour a possible carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate nucleation mainly in planets or satellites.
Local null controllability of a fluid–rigid body interaction problem with Navier slip boundary conditions
Authors: Djebour Imene Aicha
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to show the local null controllability of a fluid–solid interaction system by using a distributed control located in the fluid. The fluid is modeled by the incompressible Navier–Stokes system with Navier slip boundary conditions and the rigid body is governed by the Newton laws. Our main result yields that we can drive the velocities of the fluid and of the structure to 0 and we can control exactly the position of the rigid body. One important ingredient consists in a new Carleman estimate for a linear fluid–rigid body system with Navier boundary conditions. This work is done without imposing any geometrical conditions on the rigid body.
Manufacturing of mechanical elements with properties of metamaterials using 3D printing technology
Authors: Braszkiewicz Michał
Published: June 2021

Metamaterials are materials engineered to have properties that are not found in naturally occurring materials, which opens a wide range of opportunities for creation of materials with completely new functionalities. Auxetics which are a type of metamaterials are unique because they are engineered to have a negative Poisson’s ratio whereas naturally occurring materials have a positive one. Auxetics have shown some really promising energy absorption properties which can be widely applicable in e.g.: automotive (crash absorbers, suspension parts), medicine (prosthetics), clothing (shoe soles). Moreover, they are showing other properties superior to conventional materials such as: increased shear modulus better acoustic behaviour improved fracture toughness and other. Methods of modelling in CATIA V5 software and various manufacturing methods with the use of 3D printing technologies like MSLA (Masked Stereolithography Apparatus), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) are presented.
Problem of slip definition in driving systems
Authors: Mirosław Tomasz , Mirosław Marcin
Published: June 2021

The pneumatic tire slip phenomena in vehicle driving system have been investigated for 100 years. Many models describe the tire –road force generation base on it, but in literature we can find various definition of slip. In this paper authors present the most known model of force generation and slip definitions and discuss consequences of choice of them. The model of force generation which is the combination of tire to road friction models and force carrying by deformable running elements which are getting and losing contact with road seems to be very simple and intuitive for process explanation. The implementation of the tire deformation model is the base for many models but is not easy to implement it into dynamic computer modelling of process. So for many years the most common models base on slip function. In paper the concept model is based on deformation introduced and its carry out balance is presented. This model has been adapted to other friction gears like belt gear or friction wheels modelling. The deformation model appears to be quite universal and developable to the energy efficiency analyses or acoustic wave generation.
Development tendencies of clearance compensation methods in internal gear pumps
Authors: Osiński Piotr , Stosiak Michał , Bury Paweł , Cieślicki Rafał , Towarnicki Krzysztof , Antoniak Piotr
Published: June 2021

Contemporary gear pumps, although their design has been under development for over four centuries, keep being modernized and improved. The work presents an analysis of design solutions, taking into account their operational features. The analysis included units with internal mesh. Emphasis was put on the problem of ensuring high values of volumetric efficiency by minimizing leakage in the widest possible range of loads while maintaining the highest possible hydraulic and mechanical efficiency of the displacement unit. Increasing the volumetric efficiency of positive displacement pumps is an important factor in the pursuit of increase in working pressures in hydrostatic systems. An important factor in production of pumps is cost of their production, which often leads to possibility of introducing additional modifications in the pump structure. Often changes made to the materials used in construction of pumps, allow reduction in their mass or sensitivity to the action of the transported liquid. The paper indicates the developed and proprietary solutions in this area and presents the results of experimental research.
Method of smoothing the surface of additively manufactured polylactide by thermal treatment in sodium chloride
Authors: Pawlik Jan , Dzienniak Damian
Published: June 2021

The paper contains a study of the influence of thermal treatment of the 3D-printed polylactide parts in sodium chloride dust on the surface roughness of the manufactured part. The conducted experiment features annealing with the use of two different sizes of NaCl crystals and two levels of temperature. All the samples were made with natural polylactic acid filament using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The samples were put into a salt scaffold and placed in the electric furnace to remelt the surface of the part while keeping pressure on the walls to prevent unwanted deformation. The results show that it is possible to improve the quality of additively manufactured component’s surfaces as long as optimal parameters are applied.
Determination of ASI and THIV parameters based on the results of experimental and numerical research in relation to EU standards
Authors: Stopel Michał
Published: June 2021

Determining the values of ASI (Acceleration Severity Index) and THIV (Theoretical Head Impact Velocity) parameters during tests allows you to assign an appropriate class for a given type of object to determine the safety level and to give the CE marking. The paper presents the methodology for determining these parameters based on the EN 1317-1 and EN 12767 standards. The paper also presents a tool created with the use of the Python programming language, which, based on the results of experimental tests or the results of numerical calculations, allows to determine the ASI and THIV values. The values of key parameters from the point of view of normative tests were calculated based on the results of experimental tests of the road sign supporting mast and numerical analysis carried out for the same case using the Finite Element Method and LS-Dyna software, following the EN 12767 standard.
Observation of the Absence of Ulnar Artery in a Patient Planned to Free Dorsoulnar Artery Perforator Flap for Finger Defect: Is Preoperative Doppler evaluation of Perforator Alone Sufficient?
Authors: Tatar Burak Ergün , Uslu Can , Erdem Mehmet , Sabancıogullarından Fahri , Gelbal Caner , Bozkurt Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Background Volar finger defects where critical structures exposed are always challenging for plastic surgeons. In these types of defects, local flaps, cross finger flaps, abdominal flaps, and free flaps are used. Free dorsoulnar artery perforator (DUAP) flaps and superficial palmar branch of radial artery (SPBRA) flaps are also used. In this case, we present a patient who was scheduled to receive a DUAP flap to address defect on the second finger of right hand; however, we repaired the defect with a SPBRA flap because intraoperative absence of the ulnar artery was observed.

Materials and Methods A 34-year-old male patient was admitted with a wound that exposed the tendon and neurovascular bundle on the volar side of the second finger of the right hand. A free DUAP flap was planned for the patient. A perforator was detected during the preoperative Doppler ultrasound examination. While dissecting the perforator, we noted the absence of an ulnar artery proximal to the perforator vessel. The elevated SPBRA flap from same extremity and the defect were closed.

Results Postoperative computer tomography showed an absence of the ulnar artery distal to the right antecubital region. No complications were seen in the donor and recipient areas. Long-term motor movements were natural, and the patient's quality of life was good.

Conclusion Determining the perforator site using Doppler alone may not be sufficient in preoperative evaluation of patients scheduled to receive DUAP flaps. Performing an Allen test and using advanced imaging methods can prevent surgeons from encountering a bad surprise.
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome with Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report and a Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Xia Changqing , Kumar Dibyendu , You Bei , Streck Deanna L. , Osborne Lisa , Dermody James , Jiang Jie-Gen , Pletcher Beth A.
Published: June 2021

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion condition. The WHS core phenotype includes developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, seizures, and distinctive facial features. Various other comorbidities have also been reported, such as hearing loss, heart defects, as well as eye problems and kidney problems. In this report, we present a case of WHS accompanied by hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, which has not been previously reported. A girl was born at 37 weeks of gestation by vaginal delivery. She was small for the gestational age (2,045 g) and admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. She had typical WHS facial features and was found to have bilateral small kidneys associated with transient metabolic acidosis and renal insufficiency. She had right-sided sensorineural hearing loss, a small atrial septal defect, and colpocephaly and hypoplasia of corpus callosum. She had a single seizure which was well controlled with an oral antiepileptic medication. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated a large terminal chromosome 4p deletion (21.4 Mb) and 4p duplication (2.1 Mb) adjacent to the deletion. A unique finding in this patient is her consistently elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and serum calcium, suggesting hyperparathyroidism. We present this rare case along with a review of the literature and hope to draw an attention to a potential relationship between WHS and hyperparathyroidism.
Timing of Pediatric Palliative Care Consults in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: Green Danielle J. , Bennett Erin , Olson Lenora M. , Wawrzynski Sarah , Bodily Stephanie , Moore Dominic , Mansfield Kelly J. , Wilkins Victoria , Cook Lawrence , Delgado-Corcoran Claudia
Published: June 2021

Pediatric palliative care (PPC) provides an extra layer of support for families caring for a child with complex heart disease as these patients often experience lifelong morbidities with frequent hospitalizations and risk of early mortality. PPC referral at the time of heart disease diagnosis provides early involvement in the disease trajectory, allowing PPC teams to longitudinally support patients and families with symptom management, complex medical decision-making, and advanced care planning. We analyzed 113 hospitalized pediatric patients with a primary diagnosis of heart disease and a PPC consult to identify timing of first PPC consultation in relation to diagnosis, complex chronic conditions (CCC), and death. The median age of heart disease diagnosis was 0 days with a median of two CCCs while PPC consultation did not occur until a median age of 77 days with a median of four CCCs. Median time between PPC consult and death was 33 days (interquartile range: 7–128). Death often occurred in the intensive care unit (n = 36, 67%), and the most common mode was withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (n = 31, 57%). PPC referral often occurred in the context of medical complexity and prolonged hospitalization. Referral close to the time of heart disease diagnosis would allow patients and families to fully utilize PPC benefits that exist outside of end-of-life care and may influence the mode and location of death. PPC consultation should be considered at the time of heart disease diagnosis, especially in neonates and infants with CCCs.
Early Infantile Thiamine Transporter-2 Deficiency with Epileptic Spasms—A Phenotypic Spectrum with a Novel Mutation
Authors: Mishra Ranjana , Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita , Kumar Praveen , Buxi Tarvinder Bir Singh , Kulshrestha Samarth , Kuldeep Jitendra , Gupta Deepti , Saxena Renu , Sabharwal Rama Kant
Published: June 2021

Epileptic seizures are a frequent feature of thiamine transporter deficiency that may present as a clinical continuum between severe epileptic encephalopathy and mixed focal or generalized seizures. Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (MIM: 607483) or biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) due to biallelic pathogenic mutation in the SLC19A3 gene is a well-recognized cause of early infantile encephalopathy with a Leigh syndrome-like presentation and a lesser-known phenotype of atypical infantile spasms. We reported a 4-month-old infant who presented with progressive epileptic spasms since 1 month of age, psychomotor retardation, and lactic acidosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed altered signal intensities in bilateral thalamic and basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem, cortical and subcortical white matter. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous ENST00000258403.3: c.871G > C (p.Gly291Arg) variant in the SLC19A3 gene. We elucidate the features in the proband, which were an amalgamation of both the above subtypes of the SLC19A3 associated with early infantile encephalopathy. We also highlight the features which were atypical for either “Leigh syndrome-like” or “atypical infantile spasm” phenotypes and suggest that the two separate entities can be merged as a clinical continuum. Treatment outcome with high-dose biotin and thiamine is promising. In addition, we report a novel pathogenic variant in the SLC19A3 gene.