bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of bioimpedance phase angle and prospective falls in older adults
Authors: Uemura Kazuki , Yamada Minoru , Okamoto Hiroshi
Published: April 2019

Aim

Bioelectrical impedance analysis‐derived phase angle has been shown to reflect multiple health conditions, including sarcopenia and malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between phase angle and incident falls in older adults.

Methods

Community‐dwelling adults aged ≥65 years (n = 205) participated in this study. Phase angle was examined using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline. Participants in the first tertile (T1), which had the lowest phase angle, were compared with those in the second and third tertiles (T2/3). Potential confounding factors, such as demographics, sarcopenia status and medications, were also assessed. Falls were recorded prospectively using falls diaries.

Results

Over a median follow‐up period of 181 days, a total of 11.7% of the sample (n = 24) experienced falls, with an overall incidence rate of 250.4 per 1000 person‐years. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that T1 had a significant relationship to incident falls compared with T2/3 (hazard ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.13–5.60). Multivariate Cox regression analysis with stepwise selection identified the phase angle (hazard ratio 2.32, 95% CI 1.03–5.21) and the number of medications (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.003–1.45) as significant risk factors for incident falls.

Conclusions

Older adults with lower phase angles are more likely to experience prospective falls compared with those with normal‐high phase angles. Bioelectrical impedance analysis‐derived phase angle can be used as a valuable prognostic tool to predict future falls and the resulting negative consequences in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 503–507.
Did Going North Give Us Migraine? An Evolutionary Approach on Understanding Latitudinal Differences in Migraine Epidemiology
Authors: Viganò Alessandro , Manica Andrea , Di Piero Vittorio , Leonardi Michela
Published: April 2019

This commentary discusses a recent publication by evolutionary biologists with strong implications for migraine experts. The Authors showed that a gene polymorphism associated with migraine gave our ancestors an evolutionary advantage when colonizing northern, and thus colder, territories. They then highlight that the prevalence of migraine may differ among countries because of climatic adaptation. These results may prove useful in planning both epidemiological and physiological studies in the field of migraine.
The influence of colony traits on the collective behaviour ofMyrmica scabrinodisants
Authors: Maák István , Camera Jessica , Casacci Luca Pietro , Barbero Francesca , Trigos‐Peral Gema , Ślipiński Piotr , Bonelli Simona , Zaccagno Michele , Witek Magdalena
Published: April 2019

Eusocial insects exhibit different kinds of collective behaviours which are the outcomes of interactions among several individuals without central control. Ant societies are ideal models to study group behaviours performed by cooperative individuals at caste or at the colony level. In addition to the ecological constraints, such as the costs of maintaining patterns of interactions, the social structure might also affect the collective behaviour in ants.

We tested the effect ofMyrmica scabrinodiscolony traits (number of queens, colony size, and colony age structure) on four major collective behaviours (aggression against intruders, removal of nestmate corpses, foraging, and colony relocation).

Our results showed that neither the number of queens nor the colony size affected the level of aggression against non‐nestmates while the efficiency of corpse removal was positively correlated with both traits. The age structure of the colony influenced both the aggressiveness towards non‐nestmates and the hygienic behaviours. Subcolonies containing a higher proportion of young individuals were more aggressive and less efficient in corpse removal. All studied traits affected foraging activity, as one of the most important behaviour in colony life.

Some of the ant collective behaviours, like foraging, are determined by many traits and their interaction, while others are mostly determined by one or a few major colony characteristics. Overall, our results suggest that individual tasks which generate collective behaviours depend on different intrinsic traits of the ant colony that make a timely and appropriate behavioural response possible in every situation.
Strategy‐proof and group strategy‐proof stable mechanisms: An equivalence
Authors: Romero‐Medina Antonio , Triossi Matteo
Published: April 2019

We prove that group strategy‐proofness and strategy‐proofness are equivalent requirements on stable mechanisms in priority‐based resource allocation problems with multi‐unit demand. The result extends to the model with contracts.
Current status of prognostic factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Teishima Jun , Inoue Shogo , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Matsubara Akio
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the induction of novel agents, including molecular‐targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have dramatically changed therapeutic options and their outcomes for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Several prognostic models based on the data of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted agents or cytokine therapy have been useful in real clinical practice. Serum or peripheral blood markers related to inflammatory response have been reported to be associated with their prognosis or therapeutic efficacy. In addition to them, investigation for novel predictive factors that represent the efficacy of agents, the risk of adverse events and the prognosis are required for the advance of therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses the conventional prognostic models and clinical factors, and recent advances of the identification of some of the most promising molecules as novel biomarkers for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Sudden infant death syndrome: current perspectives
Authors: Horne Rosemary S. C.
Published: April 2019

Despite significant reductions in incidence since the introduction of safe infant sleeping recommendations, sudden infant death syndrome is still the major cause of neonatal death in western countries. In the United States, over 2500 infants die suddenly and unexpectedly each year with nearly 100 deaths annually in Australia. Health professionals play a critical role in advising parents how to sleep their infants safely to minimise the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping accidents. Infants should be placed supine to sleep in a cot with a firm well‐fitting mattress in the parental bedroom with no soft or loose bedding which could obstruct the airway. Exposure to smoking both before and after birth should be minimised. Breastfeeding should be encouraged, as should immunisation. Dummies can be recommended after breastfeeding has been established. This review outlines the evidence behind these recommendations.
A comparison of nurse shift workers’ and non‐shift workers’ psychological functioning and resilience
Authors: Tahghighi Mozhdeh , Brown Janie A. , Breen Lauren J. , Kane Robert , Hegney Desley , Rees Clare S.
Published: April 2019

Aims

To investigate the impact of shift work on the psychological functioning and resilience of nurses by comparing nurses who work shifts and nurses who work regular hours.

Design

A comparative descriptive design using an online self‐report questionnaire.

Method

Data were collected from employed Registered and Enrolled Nurses (N = 1,369) who were members of the Queensland Nurses and Midwives Union (QNMU) in 2013. The survey included standardized measures of resilience, depression, anxiety, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and intention to leave the profession.

Results

Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis revealed shift workers had significantly lower levels of compassion satisfaction. However, there were no significant differences between the groups on resilience, depression, anxiety, stress, compassion fatigue or intention to leave nursing.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that shift work is not associated with worse psychological functioning or lower resilience in nurses. However, this study requires replication using a longitudinal design to confirm these findings.
Agency cost of debt overhang with optimal investment timing and size
Authors: Nishihara Michi , Sarkar Sudipto , Zhang Chuanqian
Published: April 2019

The concept of debt overhang (that is, an equity‐maximizing levered firm will under‐invest relative to a firm‐value‐maximizing firm) is well established in the literature. A number of papers have demonstrated it as delayed investment (when investment size is specified) or smaller investment (when investment time is specified). However, there is no work on the underinvestment effect when the firm chooses both size and timing of investment, as it usually does in real life. This is what our paper focuses on. When the firm has the flexibility to choose both size and time, the effect is complicated by the fact that delayed investment results in larger investment, which suggests that the underinvestment problem might be mitigated. We find, however, that the effect depends on how underinvestment is measured. When measured by the expected present value of investment, flexibility can mitigate or exacerbate the underinvestment problem, depending on the cost of installing capacity. But when measured by the agency cost, flexibility always exacerbates the underinvestment problem. It is shown numerically that, at the optimal leverage ratio, the agency cost with plausible parameter values can be economically significant. Thus, with the flexibility of choosing both time and size of investment, the debt overhang problem can be of significant practical relevance in corporate investment decisions.
Epicardial ganglionated plexi ablation increases the inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a canine postmyocardial infarction model
Authors: Wu Bing , Xu Shanghua , Dai Ruozhu , Hong Meiman , Wu Haiyun , Lin Rong
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that epicardial ganglionated plexi ablation (EGPA) could increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischemia. However, the long‐term effect of EGPA in a canine postmyocardial infarction (MI) model is not well established.

Materials and Methods

Twenty mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups: an MI group (n = 10) and an EGPA group (EGPA plus MI, n = 10). EGPA was achieved by ablation of four major ganglion plexi and the ligament of Marshall. The electrocardiograph (ECG) parameters, ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), inducibility of tachyarrhythmias, and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression levels in the peri‐infarcted zone were also determined by immunohistochemistry in both groups at the end of the study.

Results

No significant differences were found in electrophysiological parameters at the baseline between the two groups. At the end of the 8‐week follow‐up, however, the EGPA group was associated with a longer QT interval, corrected QT (QTc) interval and ventricular ERP, larger dispersion of QT, QTc, and ERP, and higher inducibility of tachyarrhythmia and VFT when compared to the MI group. In addition, the density of TH and NGF in the peri‐infarcted zone was also significantly increased in the EGPA group in comparison to the MI group.

Conclusions

After the 8‐week follow‐up, EGPA increased the ventricular arrhythmia inducibility in the canine post‐MI model, likely by increasing ventricular electrophysiological instability and promoting ventricular sympathetic remodeling.
EYA4 serves as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses tumour angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Gu Fangming , Yuan Shengxian , Liu Lei , Zhu Peng , Yang Yuan , Pan Zeya , Zhou Weiping
Published: April 2019

Eye absent homolog 4 (EYA4) has been demonstrated to be down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its biological function and the mechanism in HCC angiogenesis and metastasis remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that EYA4 expression was frequently low in HCC tissue samples compared with matched adjacent non‐tumourous tissues. In the analysis of 302 HCC specimens, we revealed that decreased expression of EYA4 correlated with tumour differentiation status. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified EYA4 as an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among the 302 patients. Functional assays showed that forced expression of EYA4 suppressed HCC cell migration, invasion and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro, as well as in vivo tumour angiogenesis and metastasis in a mouse model. Furthermore, mechanism study exhibited that EYA4 could inhibit HCC angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting c‐JUN/VEGFA pathway. Together, we provide proof that EYA4 is a novel tumour suppressor in HCC and a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
Multimorbidity Frameworks Impact Prevalence and Relationships with Patient‐Important Outcomes
Authors: Griffith Lauren E. , Gilsing Anne , Mangin Dee , Patterson Christopher , van den Heuvel Edwin , Sohel Nazmul , St. John Philip , van den Akker Marjan , Raina Parminder
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES

To explore how different frameworks and categories of chronic conditions impact multimorbidity (defined as two or more chronic conditions) prevalence estimates and associations with patient‐important functional outcomes.

DESIGN

Baseline data from a population‐based cohort study.

SETTING

National sample of Canadians.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 51 338 community‐living adults, aged 45 to 85 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Chronic conditions from three commonly recognized frameworks were categorized as: (1) diseases, (2) risk factors, or (3) symptoms. Estimates of multimorbidity prevalence were compared among frameworks by age and sex. Separate weighted logistic regression models were used to explore the impact of the different frameworks and categories of chronic conditions on odds ratios (ORs) for multimorbidity for four patient‐important functional outcomes: disability, social participation restriction, and self‐rated physical and mental health.

RESULTS

One framework included diseases and risk factors, and two frameworks included diseases, risk factors, and symptoms. The prevalence of multimorbidity differed among the frameworks, ranging from 33.5% to 60.6% having two or more chronic conditions. Including risk factors in frameworks increased prevalence estimates, while including symptoms increased prevalence estimates and associations with most patient‐important outcomes. The two frameworks that included symptoms had the largest ORs for associations with disability, social participation restriction, and self‐rated physical health but not self‐rated mental health. Similar results were found when we compared ORs for patient‐important outcome for multimorbidity based on three subframeworks: one including diseases only, one including diseases and risk factors, and one including diseases, risk factors, and symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

Including risk factors appeared to increase only the prevalence of multimorbidity without significantly altering relationships to outcomes. The inclusion of symptoms increased prevalence and associations with patient‐important outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering not only the number, but also the category, of conditions included in multimorbidity frameworks, as simply counting the number of diagnoses may reduce sensitivity to outcomes that are important to individuals. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1632–1640, 2019
Relationships of family history of disease and child weight status to child routines: Multi‐mediating effect of parental feeding practices and perception of child's weight
Authors: Park So Hyun , Park Hanjong
Published: April 2019

The present study is a secondary data analysis of a cross‐sectional survey conducted among 129 parents of preschoolers from northwest Florida, USA. It examined the multi‐mediating effect of parental feeding practices and parents' perception of child's weight in the relationships of family history of disease and child's weight to child routines. Children's height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Path analyses were performed to test the mediation model using AMOS 25.0. The mediating analysis revealed that restriction mediates the relationship between family history of disease and child routines. Restriction and monitoring were significant mediators between child's weight and routines. Given the critical impact of parents on childhood obesity, understanding the mediating roles of parental feeding practices is imperative, as such practices might be susceptible to intervention. Health‐care providers should assess parental feeding practices in their practice settings.
Bowel symptoms predate the diagnosis among many patients with multiple sclerosis: A 14‐year cohort study
Authors: Almeida Mariana N. , Silvernale Casey , Kuo Braden , Staller Kyle
Published: April 2019

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease frequently complicated by bowel symptoms. Multiple sclerosis typically first manifests with a demyelination event, also known as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We sought to examine the prevalence of prodromal bowel symptoms predating a CIS in patients with MS as part of a recently characterized prodromal phase of disease.

Methods

We constructed a retrospective cohort of MS patients with bowel symptoms and an identifiable CIS at two tertiary care centers over 14 years using administrative and billing data. We determined the date of onset of reported bowel symptoms in comparison with the date of first CIS and determined the overall prevalence of prediagnosis bowel symptoms within 1, 2, 3, and >3 years from a CIS. We used multivariable modeling to determine demographic and clinical risk factors for prediagnosis bowel symptoms.

Key Results

Among 385 MS patients with reported bowel symptoms, 122 (31.6%) reported bowel symptoms prior to CIS. The most common first bowel symptom was constipation (50.0%), followed by diarrhea (29.5%). The average lead time between a first bowel symptom and a CIS event was 3.7 ± 3.4 years. Pre‐CIS fatigue (OR 4.48, 95% CI: 2.68‐7.51, P < 0.001) and pre‐CIS sensory disturbances (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.15‐3.08, P < 0.05) were all associated with bowel symptoms prior to a CIS event.

Conclusions and Inferences

Nearly a third of MS patients with bowel symptoms reported bowel symptoms prior to a demyelinating event/CIS. Characterization of a prodromal phase of disease may provide important insights into understanding disease progression.
Insights into Australian optometrists’ knowledge and attitude towards prescribing blue light‐blocking ophthalmic devices
Authors: Singh Sumeer , Anderson Andrew J , Downie Laura E
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to survey Australian optometrists regarding their attitudes towards, and knowledge of, blue light‐blocking lenses designed to attenuate blue light transmission to the eye.

Methods

A 29‐item survey was distributed at a major national optometry education conference and through professional networks. Respondents provided information regarding their demographics and practice modalities, knowledge about the potential effects of blue light, and attitudes towards prescribing blue light‐blocking ophthalmic devices. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors that predicted optometrists’ prescribing of blue light‐blocking lenses.

Results

Of 372 respondents, 75.3% indicated prescribing blue light‐blocking spectacle lenses in their clinical practice. Forty‐four per cent of optometrists considered daily environmental exposure to blue light as a potential cause of retinal damage, and approximately half of respondents thought blue light emitted from computer screens was an important factor in causing computer vision syndrome. About half of optometrists considered placebo effects to potentially play a role, at least sometimes, in patients’ experiences with blue light‐blocking lenses. Most optometrists estimated that they first prescribed a blue light‐blocking lens in 2016. The most common reason optometrists prescribed these devices was for patients who were computer or electronic device users (87.9%). The two main sources of information used to guide practitioners’ management approaches were conference presentations and manufacturer product information. Practitioners were significantly more likely to prescribe blue light‐blocking lenses if they considered blue light to cause either retinal damage (odds ratio, OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.34–3.88, p = 0.002) or computer vision syndrome (OR 2.52, 95%CI 1.41–4.50, p = 0.002) compared with practitioners who did not consider such factors to be relevant.

Conclusion

Prescribing trends by Australian optometrists in relation to blue light‐blocking lenses reflect the inconclusive nature of several aspects of the evidence in this field. Blue light‐blocking lens prescribing has increased since 2010, despite practitioners acknowledging the lack of high‐quality evidence to support their use and also commonly believing that placebo effects may have a role in patient responses to these lenses. Information from this study will help inform the development of resources to guide evidence‐based prescribing of blue light‐blocking lens products.
Atypical pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia showing rapid growth of the breast: Report of a case
Authors: Noda Yuri , Nishimae Ayaka , Sawai Yuka , Inaji Hideo , Yamasaki Masaru
Published: April 2019

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a benign lesion manifesting as myofibroblastic proliferation and anastomosing slit‐like spaces. Atypical PASH is an extremely rare lesion characterized by cytological alteration of myofibroblast, presenting as myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from PASH. To our knowledge, only one other case has been reported since the first report of Rosen. We present a case of atypical PASH. A 39‐year‐old female presented with a round, elastic hard, painless mass in the left breast. Mammography and ultrasonography revealed no definitive sign of malignancy. Core needle biopsy report was suggestive of atypical PASH. Five months later, the mass had grown rapidly with pain. Considering the clinicopathological features, excision was performed. Pathological examination revealed the spindle cells proliferation in collagenous stroma. The spindle cell involved the adipose tissue and lobules and lined peudoangiomatous spaces. These cells exhibited marked cytological atypia and mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, these spindle cells were positive for SMA, CD10, and bcl‐2, and negative for podoplanin, p63, CD31, ERG and cytokeratins. The final diagnosis was atypical PASH. She is tumor‐free on 12 months follow‐up. The nature of atypical PASH remains unknown. Further studies are required for a clear definition, a new histological entity and diagnostic criteria.
Kognito's Avatar‐Based Suicide Prevention Training for College Students: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial and a Naturalistic Evaluation
Authors: Coleman Daniel , Black Natasha , Ng Jeffrey , Blumenthal Emily
Published: April 2019

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of Kognito At Risk for College Students, an online, interactive suicide prevention gatekeeper training.

Methods

In Study 1, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the efficacy of Kognito. Retention of participants at follow‐up was strong. In Study 2, administrative records were used to follow the help‐seeking behavior of Kognito trainees for one academic year, contrasted with untrained students.

Results

In Study 1, between‐group changes in gatekeeper attitudes were large at time‐two, but attenuated modestly by 2‐month follow‐up. Kognito trainees referred more peers at 2‐month follow‐up (Cohen's d = .56, p < .05) ‐ training 4 students in Kognito produces 1 more peer referred. In Study 2, the help‐seeking rate of Kognito trainees (14.4%) was two‐times the rate (6.8%) of untrained students (p < .001). Training 14 students in Kognito leads to 1 more self‐referral to the Counseling Center.

Conclusions

This first randomized controlled trial of the college student version of Kognito validates the findings of less rigorous studies. Few brief suicide prevention trainings have shown changes in trainee behaviors such as referrals of at‐risk peers and trainees actual help‐seeking behavior. These results are promising that Kognito may outperform other similar suicide prevention trainings.
Duluth Complex apatites: Age reference material for LA–ICP–MS‐based fission‐track dating
Authors: Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Yuguchi Takashi , Hirata Takafumi , Ogasawara Masatsugu
Published: April 2019

Anorthositic series apatites of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, have high spontaneous fission‐track densities of up to ~107 cm–2 and a homogeneous age of ~900 Ma, allowing high‐precision fission‐track dating based on LA–ICP–MS U analysis. Absolute fission‐track dating, track‐length measurement and chemical composition analysis were performed to evaluate a cooling history, which is essential for age reference materials. Preliminary inverse modelling for a sample with a shortened track‐length distribution yielded a monotonic cooling history from ~100°C at 925 Ma. The apatites incur an over‐etching problem when employing the commonly used etching protocol involving 5.5 M HNO3.
ICT from Below: ELISA Program and the Innovation of Local Government in Italy
Authors: Conti Alessio , Vetritto Giovanni
Published: April 2019

In the last two decades, there has been a shift in the fundamental paradigm of Public Administration, from New Public Management, characterized by a managerial, microeconomic and sectorial approach, to Multilevel Public Governance, characterized by an integrated, strategic and holistic approach. The current Multilevel Public Governance paradigm is particularly useful to study and to approach to the Italian local government sector, due to its extreme fragmentation that needs cooperation to overcome its limits. It is in this theoretical framework that we present the ELISA program and its efforts in modernizing the local administration with ICT… from below.ELISA program (Enti Locali – Innovazione di SistemA, Local Government – System Innovation) is a national government project for the innovation in the Public Administration, guided by the Department for Regional and Local Affairs. The project promotes innovative instruments to develop software and technological public platform in three different main fields: taxation and cadastre; info-mobility; quality of services. The ultimate goal is to increase the efficiency of the administrative structure and provide better and technologically advanced solutions to respond to the needs of the citizens.Considering the success of the ELISA program, the Department for Regional and Local Affairs, in cooperation with Politecnico di Milano and Invitalia s.p.a., activates the eGovernment Laboratory with the aim in guaranteeing the replicability and the uniform dissemination of the best solutions all along the country. One of its action lines is to develop and implement the Innovation Communities raised in connection with the best practises of the ELISA program. For this purpose, it encourages sustainable and innovative management models, which are able to spread significant benefits by passing on administrative skills and knowledge to other Public Administrations and, furthermore, promoting the implementation mechanism and the deployment of the experiences.For that to happen, system-oriented measures are needed in order to redefine the relationship between the Local Authorities and the Central Administration: the first ones have the task to identifying both problems and needs of their territories and design proper solutions accordingly; the second one has to guarantee constant and consistent funds, coordinate the actions and oversee the whole process. One example of system-oriented measure is ItaliAE project, a complex and technological program, financed by European structural funds and born to follow the implementation of the local authority reform provided for by the law n. 56/2014 and to support the transformation of the Italian administrative geography and to improving its efficiency.
Validity of the Velocomp PowerPod Compared With the Verve Cycling InfoCrank Power Meter
Authors: Merkes Paul F.J. , Menaspà Paolo , Abbiss Chris R.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To determine the validity of the Velocomp PowerPod power meter in comparison with the Verve Cycling InfoCrank power meter. Methods: This research involved 2 separate studies. In study 1, 12 recreational male road cyclists completed 7 maximal cycling efforts of a known duration (2 times 5 s and 15, 30, 60, 240, and 600 s). In study 2, 4 elite male road cyclists completed 13 outdoor cycling sessions. In both studies, power output of cyclists was continuously measured using both the PowerPod and InfoCrank power meters. Maximal mean power output was calculated for durations of 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 240, and 600 seconds plus the average power output in study 2. Results: Power output determined by the PowerPod was almost perfectly correlated with the InfoCrank (r > .996; P < .001) in both studies. Using a rolling resistance previously reported, power output was similar between power meters in study 1 (P = .989), but not in study 2 (P = .045). Rolling resistance estimated by the PowerPod was higher than what has been previously reported; this might have occurred because of errors in the subjective device setup. This overestimation of rolling resistance increased the power output readings. Conclusion: Accuracy of rolling resistance seems to be very important in determining power output using the PowerPod. When using a rolling resistance based on previous literature, the PowerPod showed high validity when compared with the InfoCrank in a controlled field test (study 1) but less so in a dynamic environment (study 2).
Precision of 7 Commercially Available Devices for Predicting Bench-Press 1-Repetition Maximum From the Individual Load–Velocity Relationship
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Piepoli Antonio , Garrido-Blanca Gabriel , Delgado-García Gabriel , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , García-Ramos Amador
Published: April 2019

Objective: To compare the accuracy of different devices to predict the bench-press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) from the individual load–velocity relationship modeled through the multiple- and 2-point methods. Methods: Eleven men performed an incremental test on a Smith machine against 5 loads (45–55–65–75–85%1RM), followed by 1RM attempts. The mean velocity was simultaneously measured by 1 linear velocity transducer (T-Force), 2 linear position transducers (Chronojump and Speed4Lift), 1 camera-based optoelectronic system (Velowin), 2 inertial measurement units (PUSH Band and Beast Sensor), and 1 smartphone application (My Lift). The velocity recorded at the 5 loads (45–55–65–75–85%1RM), or only at the 2 most distant loads (45–85%1RM), was considered for the multiple- and 2-point methods, respectively. Results: An acceptable and comparable accuracy in the estimation of the 1RM was observed for the T-Force, Chronojump, Speed4Lift, Velowin, and My Lift when using both the multiple- and 2-point methods (effect size ≤ 0.40; Pearson correlation coefficient [r] ≥ .94; standard error of the estimate [SEE] ≤ 4.46 kg), whereas the accuracy of the PUSH (effect size = 0.70–0.83; r = .93–.94; SEE = 4.45–4.80 kg), and especially the Beast Sensor (effect size = 0.36–0.84; r = .50–.68; SEE = 9.44–11.2 kg), was lower. Conclusions: These results highlight that the accuracy of 1RM prediction methods based on movement velocity is device dependent, with the inertial measurement units providing the least accurate estimate of the 1RM.
Is the Optimal Load for Maximal Power Output During Hang Power Cleans Submaximal?
Authors: Takei Seiichiro , Hirayama Kuniaki , Okada Junichi
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The optimal load for maximal power output during hang power cleans (HPCs) from a mechanical perspective is the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) load; however, previous research has reported otherwise. The present study thus aimed to investigate the underlying factors that determine optimal load during HPCs. Methods: Eight competitive Olympic weight lifters performed HPCs at 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of their 1RM while the ground-reaction force and bar/body kinematics were simultaneously recorded. The success criterion during HPC was set above parallel squat at the receiving position. Results: Both peak power and relative peak power were maximized at 80% 1RM (3975.7 [439.1] W, 50.4 [6.6] W/kg, respectively). Peak force, force at peak power, and relative values tended to increase with heavier loads (P < .001), while peak system velocity and system velocity at peak power decreased significantly above 80% 1RM (P = .005 and .011, respectively). There were also significant decreases in peak bar velocity (P < .001) and bar displacement (P < .001) toward heavier loads. There was a strong positive correlation between peak bar velocity and bar displacement in 7 of 8 subjects (r > .90, P < .01). The knee joint angle at the receiving position fell below the quarter-squat position above 70% 1RM. Conclusions: Submaximal loads were indeed optimal for maximal power output for HPC when the success criterion was set above the parallel-squat position. However, when the success criterion was defined as the quarter-squat position, the optimal load became the 1RM load.
Acute Enhancement of Jump Performance, Muscle Strength, and Power in Resistance-Trained Men After Consumption of Caffeinated Chewing Gum
Authors: Venier Sandro , Grgic Jozo , Mikulic Pavle
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, isokinetic knee-extension/flexion strength and power, barbell velocity in resistance exercise, and whole-body power. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained men consumed, in randomized counterbalanced order, either caffeinated chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo and completed exercise testing that included squat jump; countermovement jump; isokinetic knee extension and knee flexion at angular velocities of 60 and 180°·s−1; bench-press exercise with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and an “all-out” rowing-ergometer test. Results: Compared with placebo, caffeinated chewing gum enhanced (all Ps < .05) (1) vertical-jump height in the squat jump (effect size [ES] = 0.21; +3.7%) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.27; +4.6%); (2) knee-extension peak torque (ES = 0.21; +3.6%) and average power (ES = 0.25; +4.5%) at 60°·s−1 and knee-extension average power (ES = 0.30; +5.2%) at 180°·s−1, and knee-flexion peak torque at 60°·s−1 (ES = 0.22; +4.1%) and 180°·s−1 (ES = 0.31; +5.9%); (3) barbell velocity at 50% of 1RM (ES = 0.30; +3.2%), 75% of 1RM (ES = 0.44; +5.7%), and 90% of 1RM (ES = 0.43; +9.1%); and (4) whole-body peak power on the rowing-ergometer test (ES = 0.41; +5.0%). Average power of the knee flexors did not change at either angular velocity with caffeine consumption. Conclusions: Caffeinated chewing gum with a dose of caffeine of 300 mg consumed 10 min preexercise may acutely enhance vertical-jump height, isokinetic strength and power of the lower-body musculature, barbell velocity in the bench-press exercise with moderate to high loads, and whole-body power.
Effects of Caffeine on Exertion, Skill Performance, and Physicality in Ice Hockey
Authors: Madden Robyn F. , Erdman Kelly A. , Shearer Jane , Spriet Lawrence L. , Ferber Reed , Kolstad Ash T. , Bigg Jessica L. , Gamble Alexander S.D. , Benson Lauren C.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To determine the effects of low-dose caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg body mass) consumed 1 h before the experiment on rating of perceived exertion (RPE), skills performance (SP), and physicality in male college ice hockey players. Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover experimental design, 15 college ice hockey players participated in SP trials and 14 participated in scrimmage (SC) trials on a total of 4 d, with prescribed ice hockey tasks occurring after a 1-h high-intensity practice. In the SP trials, time to complete and error rate for each drill of the validated Western Hockey League Combines Testing Standard were recorded. Peak head accelerations, trunk contacts, and offensive performance were quantified during the SC trials using accelerometery and video analysis. RPE was assessed in both the SP and SC trials. Results: RPE was significantly greater in the caffeine (11.3 [2.0]) than placebo (9.9 [1.9]) condition postpractice (P = .002), with a trend toward greater RPE in caffeine (16.9 [1.8]) than placebo (15.7 [2.8]) post-SC (P = .05). There was a greater number of peak head accelerations in the caffeine (4.35 [0.24]) than placebo (4.14 [0.24]) condition (P = .028). Performance times, error rate, and RPE were not different between intervention conditions during the SP trials (P > .05). Conclusions: A low dose of caffeine has limited impact on sport-specific skill performance and RPE but may enhance physicality during ice hockey SCs.
Changes of Power Output and Velocity During Successive Sets of the Bench Press With Different Duration of Eccentric Movement
Authors: Wilk Michal , Krzysztofik Michal , Drozd Milosz , Zajac Adam
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Resistance training is one of the key components influencing power output. Previous studies directed at power development through the use of postactivation potentiation have analyzed resistance exercises at volitional or fast tempo of movement in the entire cycle, without control of the duration of the concentric and eccentric phases of movement. To date, no scientific studies have explored the effects of varied movement tempo on the level of power output, velocity, and postactivation potentiation efficiency. Methods: During the experimental sessions, study participants performed 3 sets (Sets1–3) of the bench-press exercise using 70% 1-repetition maximum and 2 different tempos of movement: 2/0/X/0 eccentric medium tempo (ECCMED) and 6/0/X/0 eccentric slow tempo (ECCSLO). Results: Post hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences in values of peak (PPEAK) and mean (PMEAN) power between Sets1–3 measured for the ECCMED (2/0/X/0) tempo. The values of PMEAN in Set3 (492.15 [87.61] W) were significantly higher than in Set2 (480.05 [82.10] W) and Set1 (467.65 [79.18] W). Similarly, the results of PPEAK in Set3 (713.10 [132.72] W) were significantly higher than those obtained in Set2 (702.25 [129.5] W) and Set1 (671.55 [115.79] W). For the ECCSLO tempo (6/0/X/0) in Set2 (587.9 [138.48] W), the results of PPEAK were significantly higher than in Set1 (565.7 [117.37] W) and Set3 (563.1 [124.93] W). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the postactivation potentiation effect is observed for both slow and medium tempos of movement.
Antigenic Drift of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Neuraminidase Results in Reduced Effectiveness of A/California/7/2009 (H1N1pdm09)-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Gao Jin , Couzens Laura , Burke David F. , Wan Hongquan , Wilson Patrick , Memoli Matthew J. , Xu Xiyan , Harvey Ruth , Wrammert Jens , Ahmed Rafi , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Smith Derek J. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Eichelberger Maryna C.
Published: April 2019

The effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines against circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses has been modest in recent years, despite the absence of antigenic drift of HA, the primary vaccine component. Human monoclonal antibodies identified antigenic sites in NA that changed early after the new pandemic virus emerged. The reactivity of ferret antisera demonstrated antigenic drift of A(H1N1)pdm09 NA from 2013 onward. Passive transfer of serum raised against A/California/7/2009 was less effective than ferret serum against the homologous virus in protecting mice against a virus with the NA of more recent virus, A/Michigan/45/2015. Given the long-standing observation that NA-inhibiting antibodies are associated with resistance against disease in humans, these data demonstrate the importance of evaluating NA drift and suggest that vaccine effectiveness might be improved by selecting viruses for vaccine production that have NAs antigenically similar to those of circulating influenza viruses.
Core Metabolism Shifts during Growth on Methanol versus Methane in the Methanotroph
Methylomicrobium buryatense
5GB1
Authors: Fu Yanfen , He Lian , Reeve Jennifer , Beck David A. C. , Lidstrom Mary E.
Published: April 2019

One-carbon compounds such as methane and methanol are of increasing interest as sustainable substrates for biological production of fuels and industrial chemicals. The bacteria that carry out these conversions have been studied for many decades, but gaps exist in our knowledge of their metabolic pathways. One such gap is the difference between growth on methane and growth on methanol. Understanding such metabolism is important, since each has advantages and disadvantages as a feedstock for production of chemicals and fuels. The significance of our research is in the demonstration that the metabolic network is substantially altered in each case and in the delineation of these changes. The resulting new insights into the core metabolism of this bacterium now provide an improved basis for future strain design.
Dental management of patients with haemophilia in the era of recombinant treatments: increased efficacy and decreased clinical risk
Authors: Liras Antonio , Romeu Luis
Published: April 2019

Haemophilia is a hereditary X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of either clotting factor VIII (haemophilia A) or IX (haemophilia B). Conventional treatment is currently based on the use of either plasma derived or recombinant coagulation factors. This paper reports on the case of a patient with severe haemophilia who presented with mesial decay and interproximal tartar build-up, for which extraction and scaling to remove tartar deposits were indicated. Following extraction, the usual haemostasis techniques were applied, and postoperative prophylactic antihaemophilic treatment was indicated for 2 or 3 days. The patient presented with moderate bleeding for a few minutes immediately after the procedure. Administration of factor VIII before surgery as well as the patient’s favourable pharmacokinetic response allowed for an optimal result. This treatment has afforded patients with haemophilia a better quality of life, and safe and efficient access to invasive surgical procedures.
Gemcitabine-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Das Adarsh , Dean Andrew , Clay Tim
Published: April 2019

A woman in her mid-70s with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma presented with fatigue, nausea and bilateral leg swelling, 4 days after an intravenous gemcitabine infusion. Additional examination and laboratory tests showed mild hypertension, low haemoglobin, high lactate dehydrogenase, low platelet count and high serum creatinine. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), and gemcitabine administration was immediately ceased. The patient received a 5-day course of methylprednisolone, with a full recovery being made 10 days after diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of the rare but serious complication of gemcitabine-induced HUS (GiHUS), as early diagnosis and management, which includes prompt discontinuation of gemcitabine, are crucial in promptly resolving this condition. This case report describes one treatment that can be used for the treatment of GiHUS, while briefly covering some other novel treatments that have been described in other studies.
Spontaneous psoas haematoma secondary to antiplatelet therapy: a rare cause of atraumatic hip pain
Authors: Key Thomas , Kimberley Charles , Rietz Robert , Roy Stuart William
Published: April 2019

A 92-year-old woman with previous total hip replacement presented with sudden onset of atraumatic hip pain and inability to weight bear. In the absence of radiographic signs of fracture, loosening or biochemical evidence of infection a CT scan of the pelvis and hips was performed, which showed psoas thickening. MRI identified two separate collections related to the psoas and greater trochanteric regions. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed to rule out infection and demonstrated a haematoma. In contrast to previously reported cases caused by anticoagulant therapy or inherited coagulopathy, this case was secondary to single antiplatelet agent treatment alone. In the increasingly co-morbid ageing population with associated polypharmacy, aspirin is a common primary and secondary prevention treatment. In patients with atraumatic hip pain, spontaneous psoas haematoma due to antiplatelet therapy should be considered and investigated appropriately.
Patient participation in multidisciplinary tumour conferences in breast cancer care (PINTU): a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Heuser Christian , Diekmann Annika , Ernstmann Nicole , Ansmann Lena
Published: April 2019

Introduction

A central instrument of multidisciplinary care is the multidisciplinary tumour conference (MTC). In MTCs, diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients are discussed, and therapy recommendations are worked out. As we found previously, patients participate in MTCs in some breast cancer centres in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. However, studies on risks and benefits of patient participation have not provided substantiated findings. Therefore, the study’s objective is to analyse differences between MTCs with and without patient participation.

Methods and analysis

This is an exploratory mixed-methods study. MTCs in six breast and gynaecological cancer centres in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, are examined. MTCs will be conducted with and without patient participation. First, interviews with providers concentrating on the feasibility of patient participation and quality of decision-making will be carried out, transcribed and analysed by means of content analysis. Second, videotaped or audiotaped participatory observations in MTCs will be executed. Video data or transcribed audio data from video and audio recordings will be coded using the established "Observational Assessment Rating Scale" for MTCs and analysed by comparing centres with and without patient participation. Third, all patients will fill out a questionnaire before and after MTC, including questions on psychosocial situation, decision-making and expectations before and experiences after MTC. The questionnaire data will be analysed by means of descriptive and multivariate statistics and pre-post-differences within and between groups.

Ethics and dissemination

Consultation and a positive vote from the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne have been obtained. For all collected data, relevant data protection regulations will be adhered to. All personal identifiers from patients and providers will be pseudonymised, except video recordings. Dissemination strategies include a discussion with patients and providers in workshops about topics such as feasibility, risks and benefits of patient participation in MTCs.

Trial registration number

DRKS00012552.