bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is asthma−COPD overlap syndrome? Towards a consensus definition from a round table discussion
Authors: Sin Don D. , Miravitlles Marc , Mannino David M. , Soriano Joan B. , Price David , Celli Bartolome R. , Leung Janice M. , Nakano Yasutaka , Park Hye Yun , Wark Peter A. , Wechsler Michael E.
Published: June 2016

Patients with asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS) have been largely excluded from pivotal therapeutic trials and, as a result, its treatment remains poorly defined and lacking firm evidence. To date, there is no universally accepted definition of ACOS, which has made it difficult to understand its epidemiology or pathophysiology. Despite many uncertainties, there is emerging agreement that some of the key features of ACOS include persistent airflow limitation in symptomatic individuals 40 years of age and older, a well-documented history of asthma in childhood or early adulthood and a significant exposure history to cigarette or biomass smoke. In this perspective, we propose a case definition of ACOS that incorporates these key features in a parsimonious algorithm that may enable clinicians to better diagnose patients with ACOS and most importantly enable researchers to design therapeutic and clinical studies to elucidate its epidemiology and pathophysiology and to ascertain its optimal management strategies.
Health-related quality of life in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer comparing carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy with monotherapy
Authors: Fiteni Frédéric , Anota Amélie , Bonnetain Franck , Oster Jean-Philippe , Pichon Eric , Wislez Marie , Dauba Jérôme , Debieuvre Didier , Souquet Pierre-Jean , Bigay-Game Laurence , Molinier Olivier , Dansin Eric , Poudenx Michel , Milleron Bernard , Morin Franck , Zalcman Gérard , Quoix Elisabeth , Westeel Virginie
Published: June 2016

In theIntergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique0501 trial the carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy increased toxicity (most frequent, decreased neutrophil count, asthenia). We longitudinally compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the two treatment arms.

In total, 451 patients aged 70–89 years with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin plus paclitaxel or vinorelbine or gemcitabine. HRQoL was assessed by means of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire at baseline, week 6 and week 18.

Using a five-point decrease as the minimal clinically important difference, patients treated with the chemotherapy doublet exhibited a significant longer time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) for two HRQoL dimensions: physical functioning (median TUDD: 2.04 for the doubletversus1.71 months for monotherapy; log-rank p=0.01) and nausea and vomiting (median: not reachedversus4.83, respectively; log-rank p=0.046). Cox multivariate analysis revealed the carboplatin and paclitaxel arm to be independently associated with longer TUDD for these two HRQoL dimensions. In addition, TUDD didn't significantly differ between the two arms for all the other HRQoL dimensions.

The chemotherapy doublet did not reduce TUDD in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Moreover, TUDD was prolonged for two HRQoL dimensions, namely physical functioning and nausea and vomiting.
Fate of S2-Alar-Iliac Screws After 12-Month Minimum Radiographic Follow-up: Preliminary Results
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , Mahan Mark A. , Shah Lubdha M. , Dailey Andrew T.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screws are 1 technique for lumbopelvic fixation to improve fusion rates across the lumbosacral junction that has gained wider acceptance. The S2AI screw crosses the cortical surfaces of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which may improve the biomechanical strength of the instrumentation.

OBJECTIVE: To report preliminary radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent lumbopelvic fixation with S2AI screws with a minimum 12-month follow-up.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients who underwent lumbopelvic fixation with S2AI screws. Patients with computed tomography (CT) scans obtained preoperatively and ≥12 months postoperatively were reviewed to determine whether there was S2AI screw backout or breakage, periscrew lucency, or SIJ degeneration, and to assess L5-S1 fusion status.

RESULTS: Twenty-six S2AI screws in 13 patients were evaluated (mean follow-up 24.8 months [14-52 months]). Nine patients had L5-S1 interbody grafts. Partial periscrew lucency was identified in 7 S2AI screws (27%) in 5 patients (38%), and L5-S1 fusion occurred in 92% of patients. L5-S1 nonunion was seen in 1 patient (8%), who had evidence of bilateral screw loosening in the sacral portion. Four patients with screw loosening had an osseous L5-S1 fusion. No patients had radiographic evidence of progression of SIJ degeneration, experienced screw backout or breakage, required reoperation for L5-S1 nonunion, or had S2AI screw-related complication.

CONCLUSION: S2AI screws maintained their integrity without causing SIJ degeneration or major screw-related complications in this small retrospective series with short follow-up. Long-term results are needed to evaluate the durability of S2AI screws over time.
Single-molecule RNA detection at depth by hybridization chain reaction and tissue hydrogel embedding and clearing
Authors: Shah Sheel , Lubeck Eric , Schwarzkopf Maayan , He Ting-Fang , Greenbaum Alon , Sohn Chang Ho , Lignell Antti , Choi Harry M. T. , Gradinaru Viviana , Pierce Niles A. , Cai Long
Published: June 2016

Accurate and robust detection of mRNA molecules in thick tissue samples can reveal gene expression patterns in single cells within their native environment. Preserving spatial relationships while accessing the transcriptome of selected cells is a crucial feature for advancing many biological areas – from developmental biology to neuroscience. However, because of the high autofluorescence background of many tissue samples, it is difficult to detect single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) signals robustly in opaque thick samples. Here, we draw on principles from the emerging discipline of dynamic nucleic acid nanotechnology to develop a robust method for multi-color, multi-RNA imaging in deep tissues using single-molecule hybridization chain reaction (smHCR). Using this approach, single transcripts can be imaged using epifluorescence, confocal or selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) depending on the imaging depth required. We show that smHCR has high sensitivity in detecting mRNAs in cell culture and whole-mount zebrafish embryos, and that combined with SPIM and PACT (passive CLARITY technique) tissue hydrogel embedding and clearing, smHCR can detect single mRNAs deep within thick (0.5 mm) brain slices. By simultaneously achieving ∼20-fold signal amplification and diffraction-limited spatial resolution, smHCR offers a robust and versatile approach for detecting single mRNAs in situ, including in thick tissues where high background undermines the performance of unamplified smFISH.
‘Rod and ring’ formation from IMP dehydrogenase is regulated through the one-carbon metabolic pathway
Authors: Calise S. John , Purich Daniel L. , Nguyen Thuy , Saleem Dania A. , Krueger Claire , Yin Joyce D. , Chan Edward K. L.
Published: June 2016

‘Rods and rings’ (RRs) are conserved, non-membrane-bound intracellular polymeric structures composed, in part, of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme leading to GMP and GTP biosynthesis. RR formation is induced by IMPDH inhibitors as well as glutamine deprivation. They also form upon treatment of cells with glutamine synthetase inhibitors. We now report that depriving cells of serine and glycine promotes RR formation, and we have traced these effects to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2), pivotal enzymes in one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. RR assembly is likewise induced upon DHFR inhibition by methotrexate or aminopterin as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHFR or SHMT2. Because RR assembly occurs when guanine nucleotide biosynthesis is inhibited, and because RRs rapidly disassemble after the addition of guanine nucleotide precursors, RR formation might be an adaptive homeostatic mechanism, allowing IMPDH to sense changes in the one-carbon folate pathway.
Nomenclatural notes on four Linnaean names in Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: June 2016

The Linnaean names Arenaria laricifolia, Ar. liniflora, Ar. mucronata, and Ar. striata (Caryophyllaceae) are investigated. Specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) are designated as lectotypes of Ar. laricifolia and Ar. liniflora, a specimen from UPS is designated as lectotype for Ar. striata, and an illustration by Haller is designated as lectotype for Ar. mucronata. These names are currently recognized under Minuartia s.l. and can be referred to Cherleria laricifolia comb.nov.s.str. (≡ Ar. laricifolia; Ar. liniflora and Ar. striata being later heterotypic synonyms) or M. mucronata (= Ar. mucronata). Two names (Stellaria rubra, Ar. fastigiata) are proposed as new heterotypic synonyms of M. mucronata (Ar. fastigiata is lectotypified on a Smith's illustration). It is also noted that "Arenaria cerastoides L." is a nomen nudum and so not validly published under Art. 38.1 of the ICN; its intended identity is, therefore, irrelevant. According to the current concept in Minuartia, M. laricifolia should be treated under the genus Cherleria and, lacking a nomenclatural transfer, I here propose three new combinations each for one of the three subspecies currently recognized: C. laricifolia subsp. laricifolia comb. nov., C. laricifolia subsp. kitaibelii comb. nov. and C. laricifolia subsp. ophiolitica comb. nov.
The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera
Authors: Chacón Juliana , Luebert Federico , Hilger Hartmut H. , Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Selvi Federico , Cecchi Lorenzo , Guilliams C. Matt , Hasenstab-Lehman Kristen , Sutorý Karel , Simpson Michael G. , Weigend Maximilian
Published: June 2016

Boraginaceae s.str. is a subcosmopolitan family of 1600 to 1700 species in around 90 genera, and recent phylogenetic studies indicate that the infrafamilial classification as currently used is highly obsolete. The present study addresses the relationships of the major clades in Boraginaceae s.str. with an emphasis on monophyly of, and relationships between previously recognized clades and the position of various unplaced genera such as Afrotysonia, Anoplocaryum, Brachybotrys, Chionocharis, Craniospermum, Thyrocarpus, and Trigonocaryum using three plastid markers and a taxon sampling with four outgroup and 170 ingroup species from 73 genera. The phylogeny shows high statistical support for most nodes on the backbone and within individual clades. Echiochileae are confirmed as sister to the remainder of Boraginaceae s.str., which, in turn, fall into two well‐supported clades, the Boragineae + Lithospermeae and the Cynoglosseae s.l. The latter is highly resolved and includes the Lasiocaryum‐clade (Chionocharis, Lasiocaryum, Microcaryum) and the Trichodesmeae (Caccinia, Trichodesma) as sister to the remainder of the group. Rochelieae (formerly the Eritrichieae s.str., also including Eritrichium, Hackelia, and Lappula) form a poorly supported polytomy together with the Mertensia‐clade (also including Anoplocaryum, Asperugo, and Memoremea) and the Omphalodes‐clade. The enigmatic genus Craniospermum (Craniospermeae) is sister to an expanded Myosotideae (also including Brachybotrys, Decalepidanthus, Trigonocaryum, and Trigonotis) and these two clades are in turn sister to the Core‐Cynoglosseae, in which Afrotysonia glochidiata and Thyrocarpus sampsonii are included. Core‐Cynoglosseae again fall into two pairs of well‐supported subclades. The majority of generic placements are now resolved satisfactorily and the remaining phylogenetic questions can be clearly delimited. Based on the extensive phylogenetic data now available we propose a new infrafamilial classification into three subfamilies and 11 tribes, representing a consensus among the participating authors, according to which major clades are renamed.
Phylogeny of Apiaceae subtribe Daucinae and the taxonomic delineation of its genera
Authors: Banasiak Łukasz , Wojewódzka Aneta , Baczyński Jakub , Reduron Jean-Pierre , Piwczyński Marcin , Kurzyna-Młynik Renata , Gutaker Rafał , Czarnocka-Cieciura Agnieszka , Kosmala-Grzechnik Sylwia , Spalik Krzysztof
Published: June 2016

Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae encompasses umbellifers that have fruits with prominent secondary ridges projecting into wings (former tribe Laserpitieae) or spines (former tribe Caucalideae pro parte). It comprises several economically or medicinally important genera including Cuminum, Daucus, Laser, Laserpitium and Thapsia among others. Recent molecular studies, based mostly on nrDNA ITS sequences, revealed that neither Daucus nor Laserpitium are monophyletic. To address issues of relationships and apply respective nomenclatural changes, we obtained additional ITS sequences as well as independent data from three plastid markers—rps16 intron, rpoC1 intron and rpoB‐trnC intergenic spacer—for a comprehensive sample of the subtribe. We examined data for 260 accessions representing all genera of Daucinae and 81 of its ca. 93 species. Phylogenetic trees were estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicate that former Laserpitieae constitute a paraphyletic grade at the base of the spiny‐fruited members of Daucinae while traditionally delimited Daucus and Laserpitium are polyphyletic. To maintain a monophyletic Daucus, we suggest including the following genera and species into its synonymy: Agrocharis, Melanoselinum, Monizia, Pachyctenium, Pseudorlaya, Rouya, Tornabenea, Athamanta dellacellae and Cryptotaenia elegans. The species of Laserpitium occur in seven clades and only six species of the Laserpitium s.str. clade retain the generic name. Several species are transferred to Ekimia, Laser and Thapsia; additionally, a monospecific genus Siler is restored and a new genus, Silphiodaucus, is established. The inclusion of Ammodaucus into Thapsia suggested in an earlier study is not supported. The position of Laserpitium pseudomeum requires further study.
INFLUENCE OF LUBRICANT ON PROCESSES, PROCEEDING IN ROLLING BEARINGS
Authors: Шец Сергей , Shets Sergey , Сакало Владимир , Sakalo Vladimir
Published: June 2016

Chemically active components which are available both in structure of material of a blanket and in lubricant, decay under the influence of temperature, a force field of a solid body and catalytic impact of a svezheobnazhenny surface of metal, are allocated in the form of active agents who react and form the modified layer. The modified layer has smaller (in comparison with the main metal) resistance to shift owing to what decrease in coefficient of friction and replacement of intensive adhesive wear softer corrosion and mechanical is provided. The condition of details of the rolling bearing in the presence of the modified layer does not change during all service life. However in case of a leakage of lubricant or loss in it chemically active components the modified layer is not formed that leads to metal contact and failure of the bearing. Metal contact causes sharp temperature increase, and also mechanical damages to a type of zadir on bodies of swing and nicks on the rings received as a result of shock loadings.

Intensity of wear of details of the rolling bearing is influenced substantially by the process temperature which depends on the relative speed of sliding and the normal squeezing force. In process of temperature increase of process the speed of education and a share of the modified layer increase. Critical value of temperature determines a lubricant scope. The concentration of an active component in lubricant is higher, the wear resistance of the rolling bearing is higher. When toughening the mode of friction there is a competition of two processes – educations and wear of the modified layer and if wear prevails, then inevitably there will be a metal contact leading to failure of the bearing.
VIBRATION INVESTIGATIONS OF GAS-COMPRESSOR UNITS WITH MARINE GAS TURBINE DRIVE
Authors: Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey
Published: June 2016

The operation reliability of power units is defined to a great extent by their vibration state, where a basic source of exciting effects is shafting.

For the thorough analysis of a vibration state of turbine units the special vibroacoustic investigations are necessary in the course of which there are must be defined: characters of vibration processes, increased vibration reasons, phenomena promoting the intensification of vibration processes in power units.

With the purpose of systematization and accu-mulation of such materials there were carried out in-vestigations of vibro-activity of gas-compressor units (GCU) with marine gas turbine drive and working at compressor plants of gas-main pipelines. The plant of GPA-16MG90 type with the power of 16MWt was an object of investigations, where a marine convertible DG-90 manufactured by production company “Zarya” was used as a drive for a natural gas super-charger of 370-18-1 NZL type.

The results of measuring indicate the necessity for taking measures to eliminate an increase vibration of a supporting – thrust bearing of the supercharger and gas turbine engine of DG type.
ALGORITHMS AND ORDER OF EXAMINATION CARRYING OUT ON ESTIMATE OF ENVIRONMENT EFFECT UPON REGIONAL SOCIAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEM FOR KNOWLEDGE BASE FORMATION OF CORRESPONDING INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Аверченков Андрей , Averchenkov Andrey , Аверченкова Елена , Averchenkova Elena , Аксененко Дмитрий , Aksenenko Dmitriy
Published: June 2016

The examination for the estimate of the environment effect upon a regional social-economic system for the formation of a knowledge base of a corresponding information system is a sequence of separate procedures. Expert assessments are processed in the corresponding information system (CIS). In the paper there is shown an algorithm for a computation of an expert weight at the formation of a knowledge base of a corresponding information system, and also a mathematical apparatus of expert response processing is presented. The author’s experience in the application of the expert assessment method in the estimate of the presence both a connection force between environment, and a regional social-economic system. For the assessment of the effect force as a mathematical apparatus the theory of a fuzzy set was used. The expert response processing has shown that 487 variants of connections under analysis can be divided into groups of a strong, medium and weal effect taking into account their belonging to the groups Sm . The computation of the concordance factor W and checkup for the expert response co-ordination of this stage of the examination have shown a high degree of coordination of expert opinions. The amount of 445 connections obtained as a result of the examination characterizing a strong and medium influence of environment upon a regional social-economic system were loaded into a knowledge base of CIS as the most sig-nificant ones. The CIS processes and analyzes exami-nation results after which it offers the selection of concrete measures of a management type allowing either increasing, or grading their influence depending on the context. Therefore, the developed CIS increases the efficiency of processing and analysis of expert assessments, which on the whole ensures effective decisionmaking by managers and specialists.
ALGORITHM FOR EFFICIENCY INCREASE OF HETEROGENEOUS MULTI-PROCESSOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Authors: Колпаков Александр , Kolpakov Aleksandr , Кропотов Юрий , Kropotov Yuriy
Published: June 2016

In the paper there is considered an algorithm developed on the basis of modified PRAM-model for efficiency increase of parallel computations on specialized computer modules. By means of the efficiency assessment method there were carried out comparative experimental inves-tigations of the algorithm developed. The assessment results of the algorithm for the parallel computation efficiency increase on special computer modules show efficiency increase not less than 2-4 times depending on the number of flows under investigation.
Using a Data Quality Framework to Clean Data Extracted from the Electronic Health
Record: A Case Study.
Authors: Dziadkowiec Oliwier , Callahan Tiffany , Ozkaynak Mustafa , Reeder Blaine , Welton John
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Examine (1) the appropriateness of using a data quality (DQ) framework
developed for relational databases as a data-cleaning tool for a dataset extracted from
two EPIC databases; and (2) the differences in statistical parameter estimates on a
dataset cleaned with the DQ framework and dataset not cleaned with the DQ
framework.Background: The use of data contained within electronic health records (EHRs)
has the potential to open doors for a new wave of innovative research. Without adequate
preparation of such large datasets for analysis, the results might be erroneous, which
might affect clinical decision making or results of Comparative Effectives Research
studies.Methods: Two Emergency Department (ED) datasets extracted from EPIC databases
(adult ED and children ED) were used as examples for examining the five concepts of DQ
based on a DQ assessment framework designed for EHR databases. The first dataset
contained 70,061 visits, and the second dataset contained 2,815,550 visits. SPSS Syntax
examples as well as step-by-step instructions of how to apply the five key DQ concepts
these EHR database extracts are provided.Conclusions: SPSS Syntax to address each of DQ
concepts proposed by Kahn et al. (2012) was developed. The dataset cleaned using Kahn’s
framework yielded more accurate results than the dataset cleaned without this framework.
Future plans involve creating functions in R language for cleaning data extracted from
the EHR as well as an R package the combines DQ checks with missing data analysis
functions.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailabilities of two enrofloxacin generic preparations after single intracrop bolus administrations to broiler chickens
Authors: Ehmeza Nasser , Elmajdoub Abdelrazzag , El-Mahmoudy Abubakr
Published: June 2016

The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailabilities of two generics of enrofloxacin (ENRO) 10% oral solution formulation at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight were compared after single intracrop (i.c.) bolus administrations in reference to single intravenous (i.v.) standard ENRO administration in broilers using a randomized parallel design. The two tested formulations were EnrolÂ® (MedmacÂ®, Amman, Jordan) as ENRO-A and SyvaquinolÂ® (SyvaÂ®, Leon, Spain) as ENRO-B 10% oral solutions. An HPLC assay using pure ENRO base as a standard was used to measure concentrations of ENRO from the selected sources in plasma collected at predetermined time points up to 24 hours. The pharmacokinetic analysis of the C-T data was performed using non-compartmental analysis based on statistical moment theory with the help of computerized WinNonlin program (Version 5.3, PharsightÂ® Corporation, St. Louis, USA). The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) for ENRO-A and ENRO-B were 1.61 Â± 0.203 and 1.79 Â± 0.283 Î¼g/mL, respectively, attained at time to peak (Tmax) of 2 h. Elimination half-lives (t1/2Î²) were 8.391 Â± 0.312 and 8.458 Â± 0.906 h, respectively. While areas under plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0-âˆž), and systemic bioavailabilities (F) were 12.744 Â± 2.951 and 14.354 Â± 2.85 mg.h/L; and 78.96 Â± 6.728 and 88.94 Â± 10.89 % for ENRO-A and ENRO-B, respectively. It could be concluded that despite the superior pharmacokinetic profile of ENRO-B over ENRO-A, however, both generics were within the FDA and EMA bioequivalence acceptance range of 80%â€“125% and thus can be used as interchangeable therapeutic agents in chickens.
Larger screw diameter may not guarantee greater pullout strength for headless screws – a biomechanical study
Authors: Lin Chen-Chiang , Lin Kun-Jhih , Chen Wen-Chuan , Wei Hung-Wen , Lin Kang-Ping , Tsai Cheng-Lun
Published: June 2016

Headless compression screws (HCSs) are commonly utilized devices for small bone fracture fixation. The Mini-Acutrak 2 and headless reduction (HLR) screws are the newer version types, in which both have fully threaded and variable pitch design. Specifically, the HLR is characterized by two thread runouts to facilitate implantation. With the thread runouts, the holding strength of the screw may be compromised. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the pullout force of the global sizes of a HCS. We sought to determine the pullout strength of the HLR and compare the strength of this screw with that of the Mini-Acutrak 2. Synthetic bone blocks with simulated transverse fractures were used to conduct the tests. Four commonly used sizes of the HLR were examined, and one Mini-Acutrak 2 was employed for comparison. Five screws of each size were tested. The pullout force of all screws that were tested in this study ranged from 45.23 to 233.22 N. The results revealed that the pullout force increased as the screw diameter increased. Interestingly, we found that one small screw outperformed the Mini-Acutrak 2, which has a larger diameter. This study provided extensive knowledge regarding the pullout strength of fully threaded HCSs of different sizes. An unexpected finding is that a small screw has higher holding power than a large one because of its increased number of threads. Therefore, we suggest that the thread number should be a critical consideration for the design of size distribution of HCSs.
Staying young today: Vito Mancuso’s Hegelian theology through the lens of Vasil Gluchman’s ethics of social consequences
Authors: Simuț Corneliu C.
Published: June 2016

This paper is an attempt to present the Hegelian theology of Vito Mancuso, a radical lay Catholic theologian, from the perspective of the ethics of social consequences, as primarily promoted by Vasil Gluchman. Mancuso is a keen observer of today’s society and he identifies a serious flaw among contemporary people in what he calls the idol of our time. This so-called idol is a human desire which seems to have been promoted more aggressively within contemporary society through various publicity channels, so it has developed into a mass phenomenon in today’s world. According to Mancuso, this desire is man’s longing to stay young despite the natural process of aging, a fact which has individual, spiritual, as well as social implications. He also introduces the necessity for the cultivation of one’s soul for the personal benefit of individuals but also for the prosperity of society in general. In other words, Mancuso borrows, from Hegel, the necessity that the human spirit should develop to the point of positively accepting the materiality of its natural constitution for the wellbeing of all individuals living in the same society which very much resembles Gluchman’s focus on human reasoning and moral action aimed at the promotion of positive consequences and moral duty as means to educate the human spirit towards tolerance and responsibility, all key concepts in Gluchman’s ethics of social consequences.
Moral education and development in Poland after 1989
Authors: Byrska Joanna Mysona
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to show the development of moral education in Poland after 1989. The Catholic Church, family and schools are the most important things concerning moral education and development in Poland. . In the past, moral education in families and in state schools was different. The Catholic Church was, for many years, the anchor of freedom and Polish identity. By 1989, there were two models of education and moral development in Poland: the state model in the communist spirit and the Catholic Church with its Christian values. Individual families were in favor of one or the other. After 1989 everything changed and the state model became the same as the model of the Catholic Church and Polish families. In the paper, I will try to show how the current state of moral education in Poland and also I will try to present the changes that took place after 1989 in moral education.
Molecularly imprinting: a tool of modern chemistry for analysis and monitoring of phenolic environmental estrogens
Authors: Xie Xiaoyu , Bu Yusi , Wang Sicen
Published: June 2016

Phenolic environmental estrogen (PEE) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals whose interference with the normal function of the endocrine system in animals and humans raised concern to their potential impact on wildlife and humans health. Research on PEEs calls for a high selectivity analytical methods. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers having a predetermined selectivity for a given analyte, or group of structurally related compounds, which make them ideal materials to be used in analysis of PEEs. During the past few years, a huge amount of papers have been published dealing with the use of MIPs in the analysis of PEEs. In this review, we focus on the recent applications of MIPs to analyze PEEs. We describe the preparation of MIPs and discuss different methods of polymerization. We highlight the latest applications of MIPs in the analysis of PEEs, including nanomaterial MIPs as sorbent for solid-phase extraction and MIPs as electrochemical sensors. This review provides a good platform for the analysis and monitoring of PEEs in complicated matrixes and offers suggestions for future success in the field of MIPs.
L’esthésique et l’épiphanique: Traces figuratives de la saveur
Authors: Boutaud Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2016

Le discours gastronomique prend une place toujours plus grande dans la société et se repose plus que jamais sur l’image pour communiquer sur la cuisine, le goût, l’émotion gastronomique. Au cœur de ce discours, la saveur et les sensations gustatives. Les sciences expérimentales ne définissent pas autrement le goût, mais les sciences humaines n’hésitent pas à donner une définition extensive du goût, dans toute son amplitude figurative. Pour autant, la saveur constitue le point d’origine et l’essence du goût et, à travers tous les possibles de communication, l’image se heurte à une problématique foncière: comment figurer la saveur? Nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’il faut d’abord penser le cadre figuratif en termes de figures, du figural à la figurativité, en passant par les figures rhétoriques. Puis situer cet espace figuratif dans la perspective d’une sémiotique esthésique, selon quatre modes de valorisation qui font système: les valorisations synesthésique (primat figuratif: la composition culinaire), esthésique (primat figuratif: une modalité sensorielle), hyperesthésique (primat figuratif: la matière) et anesthésique (primat figuratif: l’univers et l’esprit des lieux). Le figuratif de la saveur exige donc une réduction considérable par rapport au figuratif du goût, mais il ne conjugue pas moins la trinité du sensible, entre esthésie, esthétique et éthique.
Examination of Performance Management Targets in Case of an International Corporation’s Eastern Hungarian Operating Unit
Authors: Nemeth Zoltan , Dajnoki Krisztina , Suto David , Fenyves Veronika
Published: June 2016

Nowadays, due to the social and economic changes, the human is already the main resource which determines the successfulness of corporations. The expertise in managing the human resources is a key factor of competitiveness therefore it has become a strategic question. Primary aim of the treatise is to outline the most important principles, targets and peculiarities of performance management system, which is a central element of human resource management, as well as its interconnectedness with the individual performance evaluation and human resource development through the mirror of one of today’s biggest Hungarian economic corporations. We aimed to explore, by means of document analysis as well as methods of case study and interview, how the targets of performance management are used for increasing the economic productivity, preserving the competitiveness, retaining and enhancing the satisfaction of workers. It can be stated that the PM system was continuously improved in case of the organization examined because the corporate goals and the expected performances were adjusted to the changing market demands over time but, at the same time the goal of differentiation has remained unchanged. Each worker evaluates his/her performance individually, the base of which is the extent of contribution to the corporate results. Based on the results, it can overall be stated that such a well-functioning performance management system is applied in the operating unit of the corporation examined which is strongly supported by the organizational culture and which contributes to the joint fulfilment of personal as well as organizational goals.
Warden Oom, Regionalist: Authorial Ethos, Generic Functions
Authors: Lambrecht Bram
Published: June 2016

Recent scholarship in Dutch literature of the interwar years has revalued to an important degree the genre of regional or rural literature. Whereas existent research in this field mainly zooms in on the thematic motives and rhetorical structures of the regional text, this paper aims at combining a textual and contextual approach. It hopes to do so by linking the functions of the regional genre to the construction of the regional author’s ethos or authority outside his oeuvre. One author here functions as a representative case in point: Warden Oom (Edward Vermeulen), a once successful but now forgotten Flemish folk writer and regionalist. This paper analyzes how Vermeulen, in autobiographical documents and interviews, embodies both an encyclopedic and an artistic authority. These two forms of extra-literary authority are a means to guarantee, so the argument goes, the efficacy of the informative and documentary as well as the esthetic functions of Vermeulen’s regional oeuvre. In this way, this paper not only pays attention to the rarely documented and therefore highly neglected voice of the regional author himself but it also grasps these autobiographical writings to situate the regional text in its broader context. Moreover, this article’s focus on the esthetic ambitions and functions of the regional author and his oeuvre may shed a new light on a genre which is usually considered to be heteronomous in the first place.
The Final Victory for the Barbarians?
Authors: Vermoortel Philip
Published: June 2016

In 1860 the Dutch author Multatuli (pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker) published Max Havelaar, which was to become the most famous 19th century Dutch novel. In 2010 the book was rewritten by NRC-journalist Gijsbert van Es. His purpose was to make the book more accessible for secondary school pupils for whom Max Havelaar was on the mandatory reading list. He modernized the language, updated the vocabulary but also cut out a number of long-winded passages, making the 2010 version about one fifth shorter than the original. This article analyses the many reactions to the adaptation, going from lavish praise to complete disapproval. The article focuses on the arguments of advocates and opponents, evaluating their validity. It also tries to answer the question whether the author has achieved his aim.
Is Dutch a Pluricentric Language with Two Centres of Standardization? An Overview of the Differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch from a Flemish Perspective
Authors: Louw Robertus de
Published: June 2016

Dutch, a West-Germanic language, is spoken by approximately 23 million people worldwide. In Europe, it is the language of all of the Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium, called Flanders. It is often said that since the Dutch and the Flemish speak Dutch differently, they in fact speak two different languages - Netherlandic Dutch and Belgian Dutch (Flemish). Linguists, however, argue they are not necessarily two separate languages but rather two varieties - a Netherlandic and a Belgian variety - of the same language, Dutch. Since there are a substantial number of grammatical, lexical, phonetic and even spelling differences between Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch, the question is whether Dutch is a pluricentric language with two centres of standardization or not. By explaining the socio-historical background of the Dutch language and giving a comprehensive overview of the differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch, this article attempts to answer the aforementioned (research) question.
Synthesis and structural phase transitions of [Mg2Sb2(C4H2O6)2(H2O)8](ClO4)2·5H2O with complex homochiral chains
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Makarenko Tatyana , Jacobson Allan J.
Published: June 2016

A new magnesium antimony tartrate perchlorate [Mg2Sb2(C4H2O6)2(H2O)8](ClO4)2·5H2O, 1, was synthesized in single crystal form by slowly evaporating an aqueous solution of potassium antimony tartrate and magnesium perchlorate. In the temperature interval 298 K–123 K, the compound undergoes two reversible structural phase transitions. The transition from phase I to phase II at ca. 236 K is second order and the transition from phase II to phase III at ca. 144 K is first order. Phase I has an orthorhombic structure, P21212, a=11.8658(4) Å, b=16.464(1) Å, c=8.3895(4) Å at 298 K, containing infinite chains of antimony tartrate dimeric clusters bridged by MgO2(H2O)4 octahedra. The ClO4
− anions occupying the interchain space show pronounced dynamic disorder. Phase II is monoclinic, P21, a=8.3813(8) Å, b=11.760(1) Å, c=16.289(2) Å, β=92.442(2)° at 153 K. Phase III has an orthorhombic unit cell with quadrupled cell volume, P212121, a=11.6914(8) Å, b=16.176(1) Å, c=33.426(2) Å at 123 K. While the infinite chains in phases II and III are closely similar to those in phase I, the ClO4
− anions show different orientations and gradual disappearance of dynamic disorder as the temperature is lowered.
On Barium Oxide Solubility in Barium-Containing Chloride Melts
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena V. , Zakiryanova Irina D. , Bovet Andrey L. , Korzun Iraida V.
Published: June 2016

Oxide solubility in chloride melts depends on temperature and composition of molten solvent. The solubility of barium oxide in the solvents with barium chloride content is essentially higher than that in molten alkali chlorides. Spectral data demonstrate the existence of oxychloride ionic groupings in such melts. This work presents the results of the BaO solubility in two molten BaCl2–NaCl systems with different barium chloride content. The received data together with earlier published results revealed the main regularities of BaO solubility in molten BaO–BaCl2–MCl systems.
Syntheses, crystal structures, and characterization of two Mn(II) coordination polymers with bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone ligands
Authors: Wang Gao-Feng , Zhang Xiao , Sun Shu-Wen , Sun Hong , Yang Xia , Li Hui , Yao Chen-Zhong , Sun Shu-Gang , Tang Yu-Peng , Meng Li-Xin
Published: June 2016

Two Mn(II) complexes, {[Mn(BIPMO)2Cl2] · 2(H2O)}
n
(1) and {[Mn(BIPMO)2(SCN)2] · 2(CH3OH)}
n
(2) (BIPMO = bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone) with V-shaped BIPMO ligands, were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses along with their single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The Mn(II) ions in 1 and 2 are both six-coordinated to four nitrogen atoms of four BIPMO ligands and two anions (Cl− for 1, and SCN− for 2) to form a distorted octahedral geometry.
Testosterone deprivation accelerates cardiac dysfunction in obese male rats
Authors: Pongkan Wanpitak , Pintana Hiranya , Sivasinprasasn Sivaporn , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: June 2016

Low testosterone level is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. As obese-insulin-resistant condition could impair cardiac function and that the incidence of obesity is increased in aging men, a condition of testosterone deprivation could aggravate the cardiac dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant subjects. However, the mechanism underlying this adverse effect is unclear. This study investigated the effects of obesity on metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, and cardiac mitochondrial function in testosterone-deprived rats. Orchiectomized or sham-operated male Wistar rats (n=36per group) were randomly divided into groups and were given either a normal diet (ND, 19.77% of energy fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 57.60% of energy fat) for 12weeks. Metabolic parameters, HRV, LV function, and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined at 4, 8, and 12weeks after starting each feeding program. We found that insulin resistance was observed after 8weeks of the consumption of a HFD in both sham (HFS) and orchiectomized (HFO) rats. Neither the ND sham (NDS) group nor ND orchiectomized (NDO) rats developed insulin resistance. The development of depressed HRV, LV contractile dysfunction, and increased cardiac mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production was observed earlier in orchiectomized (NDO and HFO) rats at week 4, whereas HFS rats exhibited these impairments later at week 8. These findings suggest that testosterone deprivation accelerates the impairment of cardiac autonomic regulation and LV function via increased oxidative stress and impaired cardiac mitochondrial function in obese-orchiectomized male rats.
Sperm tsRNAs and acquired metabolic disorders
Authors: Yan Menghong , Zhai Qiwei
Published: June 2016

Many findings support the hypothesis that metabolic changes associated with environmental factors can be transmitted from father to offspring. The molecular mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of metabolic changes remain to be fully explored. These acquired metabolic disorders in offspring may be partially explained by some potential epigenetic information carriers such as DNA methylation, histone modification and small non-coding RNAs. Recent evidence shows that sperm tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) as a type of paternal epigenetic information carrier may mediate intergenerational inheritance. In this review, we provide current knowledge of a father’s influence on metabolic disorders in subsequent generations and discuss the roles of sperm tsRNAs and their modifications in paternal epigenetic information transmission.
LA RETÓRICA COMO PEDAGOGÍA. UNA LECTURA DESDE THOMAS HOBBES
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Carolina
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo es un resultado de investigación del proyecto Epistemologíay Lenguaje en Thomas Hobbes; el proyecto fue financiado por la Universidadde La Salle y está inscrito en el grupo de investigación EstudiosHobbesianos.El artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que en el discurso y la escriturahobbesiana existe una reivindicación de la retórica que habitualmente no esreconocida y explorada por los estudiosos de la obra del autor. Seguidamente,el artículo explica el papel pedagógico de la retórica en el proceso de instrucciónpública y de la formación civil de los súbditos. De esta manera, el textoconcluye que la obediencia a la ley y los ideales de paz y seguridad dependende la influencia retórica del filósofo en la cultura popular.
HACIA UNA COMPRENSIÓN DE LAS POLÍTICAS EDUCATIVAS DE COLOMBIA DE 1950 A 1990
Authors: Ochoa Rojas Luis Francisco
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo hace un recuento sobre las transformaciones políticas enColombia durante gran parte del siglo XX. En el campo educativo señala lasreformas e intereses de los gobiernos a partir de la década de 1950, para darle un viraje a la perspectiva de la educación ya no como elemento formativo, sino como preparación para el entorno productivo. He allí el énfasis de los temas económicos con los cuales y extensamente inicia la disertación.
Currículo para situarse en el mundo en torno a la educación superior
Authors: Barragán Giraldo Diego Fernando
Published: June 2016

Con miras a presentar alternativas de comprensión frente a la teoría curricular,este texto busca abrir horizontes de sentido sobre la relación entrecurrículo, contextos, maestro y educación superior. En un primer momento,se hace una aproximación a los principales escenarios socioculturalesque determinan de algún modo el ejercicio de la educación superior, entrelos que se destacan: el sujeto y la subjetividad, la tensión entre lo globaly lo local, la sociedad del conocimiento, la política global y la sociedadcivil. Luego, en un segundo apartado, se presenta el currículo como unaposibilidad de transformación y de resignificación de la práctica pedagógicade los maestros. Finalmente, se muestra la necesidad de formar enlo humano, en términos de la transformación sociocultural, como opciónfundamental de la educación superior y del currículo.
Una propuesta epistemológica para el desarrollo de competencias en el SENA, desde el modelo constructivista
Authors: Pita Torres Blanca Aurora , Páez Luna Dora Ligia
Published: June 2016

En desarrollo de la investigación se analiza el enfoque de competenciasadoptado por el SENA y su implementación a través del procesode enseñanza-aprendizaje; trata de manera analítica la concepción decompetencia y la interpretación que el SENA asume desde lo operacional,relegando los desarrollos cognitivos y formativos que dicho concepto connota; la polarización se genera en el énfasis que la institución le otorga a la satisfacción de las demandasdel sector productivo del país, desde su oferta educativa.De este análisis se desprende una propuesta para la construcción de un marco epistemológico, cuyapretensión es la de fundamentar desde lo formativo el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje para el desarrollode competencias, que en la actualidad adelanta el SENA. La propuesta busca subsanar lascontradicciones entre el planteamiento del enfoque, el modelo pedagógico constructivista que desdelo teórico, sustenta su desarrollo y la acción real del docente en el aula de clase, la cual está sujeta alcumplimiento de Los Procedimientos para la Ejecución de Acciones de Formación Profesional, adoptadospor la entidad y estandarizados por el sistema de gestión de calidad.
Genetic Mapping of Millions of SNPs in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) via Whole-Genome Resequencing
Authors: Bowers John E , Pearl Stephanie A , Burke John M
Published: June 2016

Accurate assembly of complete genomes is facilitated by very high density genetic maps. We performed low-coverage, whole-genome shotgun sequencing on 96 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a cross between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and its wild progenitor (C. palaestinus Eig). We also produced a draft genome assembly of C. tinctorius covering 866 million bp (∼two-thirds) of the expected 1.35 Gbp genome after sequencing a single, short insert library to ∼21 × depth. Sequence reads from the RILs were mapped to this genome assembly to facilitate SNP identification, and the resulting polymorphisms were used to construct a genetic map. The resulting map included 2,008,196 genetically located SNPs in 1178 unique positions. A total of 57,270 scaffolds, each containing five or more mapped SNPs, were anchored to the map. This resulted in the assignment of sequence covering 14% of the expected genome length to a genetic position. Comparison of this safflower map to genetic maps of sunflower and lettuce revealed numerous chromosomal rearrangements, and the resulting patterns were consistent with a whole-genome duplication event in the lineage leading to sunflower. This sequence-based genetic map provides a powerful tool for the assembly of a low-cost draft genome of safflower, and the same general approach is expected to work for other species.