bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A arte da comunicação do conhecimento científico
Authors: Ribas Camila Rezende Pimentel , Zanetti Maria Lúcia , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher
Published: June 2017

Reconhecendo que a atividade científica é dependente de uma comunicação eficaz, e que não há ciência sem comunicação, o estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as dificuldades pessoais e situacionais, com base na literatura, relacionadas à publicação de trabalhos científicos em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Quanto às dificuldades pessoais, identificaram-se a autoconfiança, a motivação e a criatividade em relação à redação do manuscrito e à escolha do veículo mais adequado à divulgação da pesquisa. No que se refere às situacionais, ressaltaram-se a limitação de recursos e a inadequada organização do tempo, entre outros. Assim, a arte da comunicação envolve o desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais do pesquisador, bem como o manejo das estratégias situacionais. No mundo contemporâneo, a comunicação do conhecimento é fundamental à sintonia entre os canais para a veiculação da informação e as expectativas do atual contexto científico.
Associações de pessoas com condição crônica: a politicidade como uma estratégia na construção da cidadania
Authors: Maruyama Sônia Ayako Tao , Ribeiro Rosa Lúcia Rocha , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz , Pereira Wilza Rocha , Bellato Roseney , Costa Aldenan Lima Ribeiro Correa da
Published: June 2017

No Brasil, a vivencia da condição crônica, principalmente das pessoas afetadas por limitações e incapacidades, é marcada por uma trajetória de desafios e sofrimentos em busca por atendimento as suas necessidades. A enfermagem tem consciência da responsabilidade frente às questões vivenciadas por elas ao mesmo tempo em que reconhece a força política que elas podem ter ao constituir grupos organizados. Assim, procuramos relatar a experiência da participação da enfermagem na criação de três associações de usuários em Mato Grosso. Nosso objetivo foi dar visibilidade a essa iniciativa e explicitar a base epistemológica em que ela vem se sustentando, articulando teorias com a nossa práxis como profissionais e pesquisadores em saúde. Relatamos como estabelecemos a relação com os usuários e seus familiares que vivenciam condições crônicas de saúde. Consideramos que conseguimos incentivar o exercício da politicidade, o conhecimento das responsabilidades do Estado e o reconhecimento da força concreta das associações como instrumentos de apoio na busca por atenção as necessidades de vida e saúde. Porém percebemos que, devido as dificuldades que essas pessoas encontram na produção de sua própria existência, esse é um apoio que precisa ser mais intensivo e continuado do que havíamos pensado inicialmente.
Cultura de segurança do paciente em unidade de terapia intensiva: perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Mello Janeide Freitas , Barbosa Sayonara Fátima Faria
Published: June 2017

Survey realizado com objetivo de identificar e comparar as dimensões da cultura de segurança do paciente na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem de duas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Foi aplicado o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) entre abril a junho de 2011, o qual foi respondido por 86 profissionais, equivalente a (83,49%) da população de duas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. As dimensões com maior avaliação positiva foram trabalho em equipe nas unidades (62,8%), expectativas e ações para promoção da segurança do supervisor (49%) e aprendizado organizacional (46,1%). As dimensões com menor avaliação foram apoio da gestão para a segurança (13,6%), respostas não punitivas aos erros (17,5%) e percepção geral de segurança (25,9%). Os resultados indicam que a cultura de segurança precisa ser desenvolvida nos locais do estudo, com especial atenção aquelas com avaliação menos positiva sobre a cultura de segurança.
Uso de plantas medicinais por idosos da atenção primária
Authors: Szerwieski Laura Ligiana Dias , Garcia Cortez Diógenes Aparício , Bennemann Rose Mari , Silva Eraldo Schunk , Cortez Lucia Elaine Ranieri
Published: June 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar o uso de plantas medicinais por idosos usuários da atenção primária. Caracterizou-se como um estudo transversal, correlacional, analítico e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Realizado no oeste do Paraná, em 2016. Foram aplicados 252 questionários aos idosos, contendo informações sociodemográficas e questões relacionadas ao uso de plantas medicinais. Os resultados evidenciaram que 72,22% dos idosos utilizam plantas, entre as mais citadas destacam-se a Hortelã, Cidreira, Boldo e Alecrim.  Referem utilizar por ser melhor para curar, gostam mais e não faz mal. Dado discordante quanto às indicações, sendo que 36,81% não indicam por medo de causar malefício. Quanto à toxicidade relataram efeitos adversos que não são apresentados por literatura científica. Ressalta-se a importância de uma orientação correta quanto à toxicidades de algumas plantas, bem como seus benefícios, e a importância do enfermeiro neste contexto já que atua como um promotor da saúde.
Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial (TRIATHRON 1) on a New Antithrombogenic Hydrophilic Dialysis Membrane
Authors: Ronco Claudio , Brendolan Alessandra , Nalesso Federico , Zanella Monica , De Cal Massimo , Corradi Valentina , Virzì Grazia M. , Ferrari Fiorenza , Garzotto Francesco , Lorenzin Anna , Karopadi Aakash N. , Sartori Marco , De Rosa Silvia , Samoni Sara , Husain-Syed Faeq , Spinelli Alessandra , Neri Mauro , Villa Gianluca , Alghisi Alberta
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Hemodialysis treatment requires anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis of the dialyzer. The Hydrolink® (NV series; Toray) has been designed to reduce thrombotic complications by increasing membrane hydrophilic properties. Previous studies have confirmed reduced platelet activation, improved removal of β2-microglobulin and excellent small-solute removal.

Methods

We designed a prospective, multi-centered, randomized clinical study to compare the antithrombogenic effects (platelet count) of NV dialyzers versus conventional treatment. To compare the possibility of performing heparin-free dialysis, we carried out progressive heparin reduction tests. Patients with an average platelet count lower than 170,000 cells/mm3 using standard high flux membranes in the 6 months prior to the study were enrolled and randomized. Patients were either dialyzed for 6 months without changing the previous membrane (control group) or treated with the Hydrolink® membrane (NV group). After the third week, the heparin reduction test was conducted for 5 weeks in order to assess the minimum amount of anticoagulant needed to safely perform a 4-hour dialysis treatment. Performance and safety were evaluated measuring platelet count and activation, middle-molecule removal rate and nutritional status.

Results

We found no significant difference in platelet count, platelet activation factors β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 (PF-4), between the groups. More patients in the study group reached heparin-free dialysis without clotting events during the heparin reduction test. The NV dialyzers displayed anti-thrombogenic effects as compared to conventional dialyzers.

Conclusions

The NV dialyzer series is safe with no adverse events reported. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of anti-thrombogenic effects.
Faculty led study abroad: Influences on student intercultural communication, interprofessional attitudes, and professional identity
Authors: Andonian Lynne , Rosenblum Ruth
Published: June 2017

Interprofessional education is valued within healthcare professional programs as reflected in accreditation standards and program outcomes as well as college-wide initiatives. Little is known about the relationships between interprofessional attitudes among healthcare students (nursing, occupational therapy, social work), their degree of intercultural communication skills, and their professional identity. Thirty three students participating in interprofessional faculty-led study abroad completed pre- and post- measures of the constructs under study: interprofessional attitudes, intercultural communication, and professional identity. Statistically significant positive relationships were found between interprofessional attitudes and intercultural communication skills which are discussed as well as implications for education and practice. This quantitative, descriptive study explored relationships between the variables which included cultural communication, interprofessional attitudes, and professional identity. This study supports the need for interprofessional exposure and experience for healthcare students. Educational pedagogy and practices will need to be adjusted to allow for increased emphasis on these variables, specifically for students in service-oriented health related fields.
The Impacts of Multi-environmental Constructs on Tourism Destination Competitiveness: Local Residents’ Perceptions
Authors: Chin Chee-Hua , Lo May-Chiun , Mohamad Abang Azlan , Nair Vikneswaran
Published: June 2017

In the rural tourism industry, the environment has emerged to be of most concern to the local communities, followed by social-cultural and economic issues. Stemming from the awareness, the environment has become one of the main pillars for sustainable tourism development, particularly, rural tourism destination. On the other note, in a competitive tourism market, it is important for rural tourism destinations to create competitive advantage in order to attract visitors. Therefore, competitiveness theory underpins the research framework proposed and attempts to examine the impacts of multi-environmental constructs towards the development of rural tourism destination competitiveness. A total of 278 respondents comprising of local communities from rural destinations in Sarawak, Malaysia took part voluntarily in this study. To assess the developed model, SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) is applied based on path modelling and bootstrapping. The findings showed that local residents are in their believed that for a rural tourism destination to enhance its competitiveness, environmental education is the key to increase environmental conservation that lead to better quality of environment. Tourism infrastructure is an added advantage to increase a tourism destination competitiveness. This study further discussed on the implications of the findings, limitations, and direction for future research.
Ambidextrous tensions: Dynamics of creative work in the media innovation process
Authors: Virta Sari , Malmelin Nando
Published: June 2017

This article analyses creative work in one of Europe’s largest media organizations, in which a newly formed development team was tasked with creating a new multi-platform media product. The objective of this article is to explore the dynamics of team creativity in the process of developing and managing media content innovation. To do this, this study utilizes the concept of ambidexterity for understanding multi-level tensions between the on-going media production work and innovation processes typically co-existing in media operations. The results of the analysis indicate that, due to pressures created by the routine media production, media innovations require specific focus and prioritization to succeed. This requires recognizing, balancing and managing the ambidextrous tensions between exploration and exploitation in creative media work. In addition to practical implications for management of media innovations, this study contributes to research on media innovations, particularly from the perspectives of creative work and organizational creativity.
Algorithms for journalism: The future of news work
Authors: Lindén Carl-Gustav
Published: June 2017

Software-generated news, sometimes called “robot journalism,” has recently given rise to concerns that the automation of news will make journalists redundant. These arguments follow a deterministic line of thinking. Algorithms choose information for users but are also the construct of social process and practice. The aim of this essay is to explore “the algorithmic turn” (Napoli, 2014) in news production. Based on case studies from three separate news outlets it is found that the impact of automated news is, first, increased efficiency and job satisfaction with automation of monotonous and error-prone routine tasks; second, automation of journalism routine tasks resulting in losses of journalist jobs; and third, new forms of work that require computational thinking.
Transnational over-the-top media distribution as a business and policy disruptor: The case of Netflix in Canada
Authors: Davis Charles , Zboralska Emilia
Published: June 2017

Digital disruption is often characterized as the conflict between the exponential rate of change in technology, and the slower-paced, incremental rate of change in law, economy, policy, and society writ-large (Franklin, 2012). The rapid encroachment of over-the-top (OTT) content distribution raises policy issues concerning jurisdiction, access, pricing, consolidation of ownership, and source diversity (Holt, 2014), while undermining many of the traditional policy instruments. In this paper, we analyze Netflix’s strategic expansion and meteoric growth in Canada, and focus on a landmark event in Canadian broadcasting policymaking: the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission’s (CRTC) “Let’s Talk TV” hearings of 2013-2014. Through an examination of public documents, we analyze the ways Netflix is considered an opportunity, ally, or a threat by consumers, broadcasters, independent producers, and governments. We show that in a reprioritization of values, many of the principles that motivated legacy broadcasting policy are being sidelined by a consumerist approach that gives freer rein to streamed services. However, Netflix’s refusal to provide the Commission with information it was ordered to produce suggests the most serious disruption is to the notion that online video distribution can or should be regulated in the public interest.
Internet access for disabled people: Understanding socio-relational factors in Europe
Authors: Scholz Frederike , Yalcin Betul , Priestley Mark
Published: June 2017

Access to the Internet has become a sine qua non-of everyday life. It also offers new routes to economic and social inclusion for disabled people. Research on the digital divide shows that social factors affect Internet access but disability status is often overlooked. This paper assesses the extent to which disability makes a difference and how it interacts with other social effects to produce distinctive forms of digital exclusion. The analysis uses survey data from 27 European countries to explore and model, statistically, the interactions between Internet access, disability status, age, gender, education, household financial situation and household composition. Multilevel analysis confirms that socio-demographic factors can explain much variance in outcomes but there is a distinctive disability effect. In particular, the adverse effects of financial constraint, aging and living alone are exacerbated among disabled people. New policies to strengthen e-accessibility, arising from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and from the European Union, are important but cannot ignore those who are still excluded from the online revolution. Disabled people are over-represented in this group. The evidence suggests that both accessible technologies and appropriate supportive relationships are needed to address this.
Soukromé hodiny doučování na středních školách: diagnóza a směry dalšího výzkumu
Authors: Štastný Vít
Published: June 2017

Cílem studie je provést „diagnózu“ (poskytnout základní deskriptivní informace o podobě a charakteru) soukromých hodin doučování využívaných studenty středních škol, diskutovat jejich implikace pro formální vzdělávací systém a na základě toho navrhnout další možné směry výzkumu. V první části autor vymezuje základní pojmy a přináší informace o soukromých hodinách v  komparativní perspektivě. Druhá část popisuje smíšený design výzkumu, který sestával z kvantitativního dotazníkového šetření studentů maturitních ročníků (n = 1265) a kvalitativníchhloubkových rozhovorů se soukromými doučujícími (n = 22). Ve třetí části jsou prezentována zjištění týkající se míry využívání soukromých hodin doučování, nejčastěji doučovaných předmětů, organizační formy soukromých hodin, intenzity či poskytovatelů. Výsledky výzkumu naznačují úzkou spojitost soukromých hodin s formálním vzdělávacím systémem. Učitelé běžných škol tvoří významnou skupinu poskytovatelů soukromého doučování a toto zjištění se úzce dotýká otázek učitelské profesní etiky.
To see or not to see: Profesní vidění budoucích učitelů anglického jazyka a budoucích učitelů pro 1. stupeň se specializací na anglický jazyk
Authors: Uličná Klára
Published: June 2017

Cílem empirické studie je prozkoumat profesní vidění budoucích učitelů anglického jazyka.  Pozornost je věnována především tomu, jakých doménově obecných i doménově specifických jevů si studenti učitelství všímají, ovšem sledována je také oblast uvažování založeného na vědění, tedy jak nad identifikovanými jevy přemýšlejí. Zaměřujeme se na rozdíl povahy vybraných aspektů profesního vidění mezi budoucími učiteli anglického jazyka pro 2. stupeň základní školy a střední školy a budoucími učiteli pro 1. stupeň se specializací na anglický jazyk. V první části textu vymezíme koncept profesního vidění v kontextu přípravného vzdělávání učitelů. Další část je věnována samotnému výzkumnému šetření, a to obsahové analýze nestrukturovaných reflexí  studentů pořízených na základě sledování videozáznamu stejné výuky anglického jazyka na  základní škole. Výsledky studie naznačují, že mezi studenty učitelství anglického jazyka pro 2. stupeň základní školy a střední školy (AJ2) a budoucími učiteli pro 1. stupeň se specializací na anglický jazyk (AJ1) je statisticky signifikantní rozdíl ve všímání si kategorie žák. Tato kategorie je následně podrobena hlubší analýze s cílem odhalit, v jakých aspektech se obě zkoumané skupiny studentů liší. Ukazuje se, že se tak děje především ve věnování pozornosti oborovým a  oborovědidaktickým aspektům výuky (AJ2) a klimatu třídy (AJ1) a v uvažování nad viděným prostřednictvím hodnocení (AJ1) a interpretace (AJ2).
Apego Adulto y Mentalización en Hombres que Han Ejercido Violencia Hacia su Pareja
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pimentel Valezka , Santelices María Pía ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el apego adulto y la mentalización en 20 hombres condenados por violencia hacia su pareja, en comparación con 20 hombres sin antecedentes de violencia hacia su pareja, de entre 30 y 50 años de edad. Ambos grupos fueron reclutados intencionadamente de un hospital público de la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Se utilizó el Conflict Tactics Scales-2 (CTS-2) de Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy y Sugarman (1996) para distinguir niveles de violencia hacia la pareja, la Escala de Experiencia en Relaciones Cercanas (ERC) de Brennan, Clark y Shaver (1998) para evaluar apego adulto y el test Reading the Mind in the Eyes de Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste y Plumb (2001) para evaluar mentalización. Se realizaron pruebas de 2, test exacto de Fisher y U de MannWhitney para las variables de apego y mentalización. Los resultados apuntan a que hombres que ejercen violencia presentarían más apego inseguro y mayor ansiedad en el apego hacia sus parejas que los que no tienen antecedentes de violencia, resultando los puntajes en los niveles de mentalización similares en ambos grupos.
Arctic decadal variability in a warming world
Authors: van der Linden Eveline C. , Bintanja Richard , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: May 2017

Natural decadal variability of surface air temperature might obscure Arctic temperature trends induced by anthropogenic forcing. It is therefore imperative to know how Arctic decadal variability (ADV) will change as the climate warms. In this study, we evaluate ADV characteristics in three equilibrium climates with present‐day, double, and quadrupled atmospheric CO2 forcing. The dominant region of variability, which is located over the Barents and Greenland Sea at present, shifts to the central Arctic and Siberian regions as the climate warms. The maximum variability in sea ice cover and surface air temperature occurs in the CO2 doubling climate when sea ice becomes more vulnerable to melt over vast stretches of the Arctic. Furthermore, the links between dominant atmospheric circulation modes and Arctic surface climate characteristics vary strongly with climate change. For instance, a positive Arctic Oscillation index is associated with a colder Arctic in warmer climates, instead of a warmer Arctic at present. Such changing relationships are partly related to the retreat of sea ice because altered wind patterns influence the sea ice distribution and hence the associated local surface fluxes. The atmospheric pressure distributions governing ADV and the associated large‐scale dynamics also change with climate warming. The changing character of the ADV shows that it is vital to consider (changes in) ADV when addressing Arctic warming in climate model projections.
VIIRS day/night band radiometric calibration stability monitoring using the Moon
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Xiong Xiaoxiong , Fulbright Jon , Lei Ning
Published: May 2017

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a passive scanning spectroradiometer on board the Suomi‐NPP satellite. It has 22 spectral bands including the day/night band (DNB), which is a panchromatic reflective solar band (RSB) covering a wavelength range of 500–900 nm. Similar to other RSBs, the radiometric calibration of the DNB is in reference to the sunlight reflected from an onboard solar diffuser (SD). As an independent validation to the SD measurement, lunar calibration has been regularly scheduled at nearly constant lunar phase. In this paper, the lunar calibration strategies developed for RSB are extended to DNB. The on‐orbit gain coefficient, or the so‐called F factor, is derived for DNB low‐gain stage (LGS) from lunar data for each lunar calibration event. Its on‐orbit change is compared with the change of the LGS SD F factor. For more accurate comparison, the impact of the on‐orbit relative spectral responses (RSR) change, caused by the wavelength‐dependent degradation of the optical throughput of VIIRS telescope mirrors, must be considered. This impact is more significant for DNB than other RSBs because of its wider bandwidth, and the impact to the SD and lunar calibrations are different due to different scene spectra. Simulation results show a gradually increased deviation of 1% between SD and lunar trends since launch till now and 0.3% deviation since 2 April 2012 lunar calibration, when the lunar F factor was firstly calculated, till now. Taking this effect into account, the on‐orbit changes of the SD F factor and lunar F factor agree with each other in less than 0.3%. Our results validate the stability of the DNB SD calibration while demonstrating how the on‐orbit RSR change should be considered in the radiometric calibration and data usage.
The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias
Authors: Lock Simon J. , Stewart Sarah T.
Published: May 2017

During accretion, terrestrial bodies attain a wide range of thermal and rotational states, which are accompanied by significant changes in physical structure (size, shape, pressure and temperature profile, etc.). However, variations in structure have been neglected in most studies of rocky planet formation and evolution. Here we present a new code, the Highly Eccentric Rotating Concentric U (potential) Layers Equilibrium Structure (HERCULES) code, that solves for the equilibrium structure of planets as a series of overlapping constant‐density spheroids. Using HERCULES and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, we show that Earth‐like bodies display a dramatic range of morphologies. For any rotating planetary body, there is a thermal limit beyond which the rotational velocity at the equator intersects the Keplerian orbital velocity. Beyond this corotation limit (CoRoL), a hot planetary body forms a structure, which we name a synestia, with a corotating inner region connected to a disk‐like outer region. By analyzing calculations of giant impacts and models of planet formation, we show that typical rocky planets are substantially vaporized multiple times during accretion. For the expected angular momentum of growing planets, a large fraction of post‐impact bodies will exceed the CoRoL and form synestias. The common occurrence of hot, rotating states during accretion has major implications for planet formation and the properties of the final planets. In particular, the structure of post‐impact bodies influences the physical processes that control accretion, core formation, and internal evolution. Synestias also lead to new mechanisms for satellite formation. Finally, the wide variety of possible structures for terrestrial bodies also expands the mass‐radius range for rocky exoplanets.
Mapping exposure to particulate pollution during severe haze episode using improved MODIS AOT‐PM10 regression model with synoptic meteorology classification
Authors: Leelasakultum Ketsiri , Kim Oanh Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2017

Severe smoke haze from biomass burning is frequently observed in Northern Thailand during dry months of February–April. Sparsely located monitoring stations operated in this vast mountainous region could not provide sufficient particulate matter (PM) data for exposure risk assessment. Satellite aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data could be used, but their reliable relationship with ground‐based PM data should be first established. This study aimed to improve the regression model between PM10 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer AOT with consideration of synoptic patterns to better assess the exposure risk in the area. Among four synoptic patterns, each representing the totality of meteorology governing Northern Thailand on a given day, most severe haze days belonged to pattern 2 that featured conditions of clear sky, stagnant air, and high PM10 levels. AOT‐24 h PM10 regression model for pattern 2 had coefficient of determination improved to 0.51 from 0.39 of combined case. Daily exposure maps to PM10 in most severe haze period of February–April 2007 were produced for Chiangmai, the largest and most populated province in Northern Thailand. Regression model for pattern 2 was used to convert 24 h PM10 ranges of modified risk scale to corresponding AOT ranges, and the mapping was done using spatially continuous AOT values. The highest exposure risk to PM10 was shown in urban populated areas. Larger numbers of forest fire hot spots and more calm winds were observed on the days of higher exposure risk. Early warning and adequate health care plan are necessary to reduce exposure risk to future haze episodes in the area.
Localized water reverberation phases and its impact on backprojection images
Authors: Yue Han , Castellanos Jorge C. , Yu Chunquan , Meng Lingsen , Zhan Zhongwen
Published: May 2017

Coherent radiators imaged by backprojections (BP) are commonly interpreted as part of the rupture process. Nevertheless, artifacts introduced by structure related phases are rarely discriminated from the rupture process. In this study, we use a calibration event to discriminate between rupture and structure effects. We reexamine the waveforms and BP images of the 2012 Mw 7.2 Indian Ocean earthquake and a calibration event (Mw 6.2). The P wave codas of both events present similar shape with characteristic period of approximately 10 s, which are backprojected as coherent radiators near the trench. S wave BP does not image energy radiation near the trench. We interpret those coda waves as localized water reverberation phases excited near the trench. We perform a 2‐D waveform modeling using realistic bathymetry model and find that the steep near‐trench bathymetry traps the acoustic water waves forming localized reverberation phases. These waves can be imaged as coherent near‐trench radiators with similar features as that in the observations. We present a set of methodologies to discriminate between the rupture and propagation effects in BP images, which can serve as a criterion of subevent identification.
Precipitation onset as the temporal reference in convective self‐organization
Authors: Haerter Jan O. , Berg Peter , Moseley Christopher
Published: May 2017

In a dry convective boundary layer, convective patterns of typical scales spontaneously develop, qualitatively similar to those in a fluid which is placed between two horizontal plates and sufficiently heated from below. As soon as precipitating cumulus clouds form, this pattern is disturbed and a transition to a different state occurs. Here we use idealized large‐eddy simulations to explore how the horizontal scale of convection is modified during this transition in the course of a diurnal cycle. Before onset of precipitation, cells with relatively constant diameter self‐organize, with diameters roughly on the scale of the atmospheric boundary layer height. We find that the onset of precipitation then signals an approximately linear increase in horizontal scale with time. For our transient simulations, this scale increase progresses at a speed which is relatively insensitive to modifications in mean surface temperature, modifications in the rate at which surface temperature changes, or the initial lapse rate. When exploring the strength of the spatial correlations, we find that precipitation onset causes a sudden disruption of order and a subsequent decline of organization—until precipitation eventually ceases. We discuss possible implications for the development of extreme precipitation events.
A global enhancement of hydrogen cyanide in the lower stratosphere throughout 2016
Authors: Sheese Patrick E. , Walker Kaley A. , Boone Chris D.
Published: May 2017

In September–October 2015, El Niño‐driven weather conditions led to one of the most intense Indonesian peatland burning events in recent history. Consequently, an unprecedented amount of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was emitted from Southeast Asia and transported into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, which was then transported by the general circulation from the tropics to polar latitudes. By early 2016, the daily mean concentrations of HCN in the lower stratosphere at all latitudes, as measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) instrument, were the largest on record for the region, on the order of 40–90% greater than the climatological mean and ~40% greater than the 2007 El Niño‐driven values. By December 2016, levels of polar HCN in the lower stratosphere were still on the order 10–20% greater than the climatological mean. These ACE‐FTS measurements are thus vital for interpreting ground‐based and nadir satellite measurements of HCN made during 2016 and could be used to help validate tropospheric‐stratospheric exchange in climate models.
Vertical rise velocity of equatorial plasma bubbles estimated from Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) observations and HIRB model simulations
Authors: Tulasi Ram S. , Ajith K. K. , Yokoyama T. , Yamamoto M. , Niranjan K.
Published: May 2017

The vertical rise velocity (Vr) and maximum altitude (Hm) of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were estimated using the two‐dimensional fan sector maps of 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), Kototabang, during May 2010 to April 2013. A total of 86 EPBs were observed out of which 68 were postsunset EPBs and remaining 18 EPBs were observed around midnight hours. The vertical rise velocities of the EPBs observed around the midnight hours are significantly smaller (~26–128 m/s) compared to those observed in postsunset hours (~45–265 m/s). Further, the vertical growth of the EPBs around midnight hours ceases at relatively lower altitudes, whereas the majority of EPBs at postsunset hours found to have grown beyond the maximum detectable altitude of the EAR. The three‐dimensional numerical high‐resolution bubble (HIRB) model with varying background conditions are employed to investigate the possible factors that control the vertical rise velocity and maximum attainable altitudes of EPBs. The estimated rise velocities from EAR observations at both postsunset and midnight hours are, in general, consistent with the nonlinear evolution of EPBs from the HIRB model. The smaller vertical rise velocities (Vr) and lower maximum altitudes (Hm) of EPBs during midnight hours are discussed in terms of weak polarization electric fields within the bubble due to weaker background electric fields and reduced background ion density levels.
Barriers and Facilitators of Mentoring for Trainees and Early Career Investigators in Rheumatology Research: Current State, Identification of Needs, and Road Map to an Inter‐Institutional Adult Rheumatology Mentoring Program
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Bush Kathleen , Castelino Flavia V. , Golding Amit , Jiang Yihui , Kahlenberg J. Michelle , Kim Alfred H. J. , Lee Yvonne C. , Machireddy Kirthi , Ombrello Michael J. , Shah Ami A. , Wallace Zachary S. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Makris Una E. ,   for the American College of Rheumatology Early Career Investigator Subcommittee of the Committee on Research
Published: May 2017

Objective

To determine perceived barriers and facilitators to effective mentoring for early career rheumatology investigators and to develop a framework for an inter‐institutional mentoring program.

Methods

Focus groups or interviews with rheumatology fellows, junior faculty, and mentors were conducted, audiorecorded, and transcribed. Content analysis was performed using NVivo software. Themes were grouped into categories (e.g., mentor‐mentee relationship, barriers, and facilitators of a productive relationship). Rheumatology fellows and early career investigators were also surveyed nationwide to identify specific needs to be addressed through an inter‐institutional mentoring program.

Results

Twenty‐five individuals participated in focus groups or interviews. Attributes of the ideal mentee‐mentor relationship included communication, accessibility, regular meetings, shared interests, aligned goals, and mutual respect. The mentee should be proactive, efficient, engaged, committed, focused, accountable, and respectful of the mentor's time. The mentor should support/promote the mentee, shape the mentee's goals and career plan, address day‐to‐day questions, provide critical feedback, be available, and have team leadership skills. Barriers included difficulty with career path navigation, gaining independence, internal competition, authorship, time demands, funding, and work‐life balance. Facilitators of a successful relationship included having a diverse network of mentors filling different roles, mentor‐mentee relationship management, and confidence. Among 187 survey respondents, the primary uses of an inter‐institutional mentoring program were career development planning and oversight, goal‐setting, and networking.

Conclusions

In this mixed‐methods study, tangible factors for optimizing the mentor‐mentee relationship were identified and will inform the development of an adult rheumatology inter‐institutional mentoring program.
Effects of a Web‐Based Patient Decision Aid on Biologic and Small‐Molecule Agents for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Li Linda C. , Shaw Chris D. , Lacaille Diane , Yacyshyn Elaine , Jones C. Allyson , Koehn Cheryl , Hoens Alison M. , Geldman Jasmina , Sayre Eric C. , Macdonald Graham G. , Leese Jenny , Bansback Nick
Published: May 2017

Objective

To assess the extent to which ANSWER‐2, an interactive online patient decision aid, reduces patients’ decisional conflict and improves their medication‐related knowledge and self‐management capacity.

Methods

We used a pre–post study design. Eligible participants had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), had been recommended to start using a biologic agent or small‐molecule agent or to switch to a new one, and had internet access. Access to ANSWER‐2 was provided immediately after enrollment. Outcome measures included 1) the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), 2) the Medication Education Impact Questionnaire (MeiQ), and 3) the Partners in Health Scale (PIHS). A paired t‐test was used to assess differences pre‐ and postintervention.

Results

The majority of the 50 participants were women (n = 40), and the mean ± SD age of participants was 49.6 ± 12.2 years. The median disease duration was 5 years (25th, 75th percentile: 2, 10 years). The mean ± SD DCS score was 45.9 ± 25.1 preintervention and 25.1 ± 21.8 postintervention (mean change of −21.2 of 100 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −28.1, −14.4], P < 0.001). Before using ANSWER‐2, 20% of participants had a DCS score of <25, compared to 52% of participants after the intervention. Similar results were observed in the PIHS (mean ± SD 25.3 ± 14.8 preintervention and 20.4 ± 13.0 postintervention; mean change of −3.7 of 88 [95% CI −6.3, −1.0], P = 0.009). Findings from the MeiQ were mixed, with statistically significant differences found only in the self‐management subscales.

Conclusion

Patients’ decisional conflict decreased and perceived self‐management capacity improved after using ANSWER‐2. Future research comparing the effectiveness of ANSWER‐2 with that of educational material on biologic agents will provide further insight into its value in RA management.
Cluster‐Randomized Trial of a Behavioral Intervention to Incorporate a Treat‐to‐Target Approach to Care of US Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Harrold Leslie R. , Reed George W. , John Ani , Barr Christine J. , Soe Kevin , Magner Robert , Saunders Katherine C. , Ruderman Eric M. , Haselkorn Tmirah , Greenberg Jeffrey D. , Gibofsky Allan , Harrington J. Timothy , Kremer Joel M.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To assess the feasibility and efficacy of implementing a treat‐to‐target approach versus usual care in a US‐based cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Methods

In this behavioral intervention trial, rheumatology practices were cluster‐randomized to provide treat‐to‐target care or usual care. Eligible patients with moderate/high disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score >10) were followed for 12 months. Both treat‐to‐target and usual care patients were seen every 3 months. Treat‐to‐target providers were to have monthly visits with treatment acceleration at a minimum of every 3 months in patients with CDAI score >10; additional visits and treatment acceleration were at the discretion of usual care providers and patients. Coprimary end points were feasibility, assessed by rate of treatment acceleration conditional on CDAI score >10, and achievement of low disease activity (LDA; CDAI score ≤10) by an intent‐to‐treat analysis.

Results

A total of 14 practice sites per study arm were included (246 patients receiving treat‐to‐target and 286 receiving usual care). The groups had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Rates of treatment acceleration (treat‐to‐target 47% versus usual care 50%; odds ratio [OR] 0.92 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.64, 1.34]) and achievement of LDA (treat‐to‐target 57% versus usual care 55%; OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.60, 1.84]) were similar between groups. Treat‐to‐target providers reported patient reluctance and medication lag time as common barriers to treatment acceleration.

Conclusion

This study is the first to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a treat‐to‐target approach in typical US rheumatology practice. Treat‐to‐target care was not associated with increased likelihood of treatment acceleration or achievement of LDA, and barriers to treatment acceleration were identified.
Sandwich Structures Consisting of Aluminum Foam Core and Fiber Reinforced Plastic Top Layers
Authors: Drebenstedt Claudia , Rybandt Susi , Drossel Welf‐Guntram , Trautmann Maik , Wagner Guntram
Published: May 2017

Thinking of new approaches for light weight design with sandwiches, the combination of aluminum foam as core and fiber reinforced plastics as top layers can be a good way to increase the light weight aspect and combine advantages of both materials. For structural applications, often a high bending stiffness and a good damping capability in the combination with the lightweight aspect are needed. For these new sandwiches, especially, the bonding properties are crucial for later applications. Therefore, investigations regarding the bonding properties of the combination of the two components are carried out. The objective is to find a way of combining these materials without adhesives. Different ways of composite manufacturing are tested and compared according to DIN 53292: “testing of sandwiches; tensile test perpendicular to the faces”. Furthermore, different pretreatments of the foam core are compared. These include sandblasting with a chemically modified blasting material, a structure included by a modification of the foaming tool, and untreated foam for comparison reasons to the state of the art. It is found that the structure induced during the foaming step is suitable for adhesive bonding, but not for the other processes. Better results can be expected by further adaption of the implemented structure. The best results in the compression molding process are obtained with the sandblasted foam cores.
An Interdiffusion Method for Highly Performing Cesium/Formamidinium Double Cation Perovskites
Authors: Qiu Weiming , Ray Aniruddha , Jaysankar Manoj , Merckx Tamara , Bastos Joao P. , Cheyns David , Gehlhaar Robert , Poortmans Jef , Heremans Paul
Published: May 2017

The fabrication of high‐quality cesium (Cs)/formamidinium (FA) double‐cation perovskite films through a two‐step interdiffusion method is reported. CsxFA1‐xPbI3‐y(1‐x)Bry(1‐x) films with different compositions are achieved by controlling the amount of CsI and formamidinium bromide (FABr) in the respective precursor solutions. The effects of incorporating Cs+ and Br− on the properties of the resulting perovskite films and on the performance of the corresponding perovskite solar cells are systematically studied. Small area perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.3% and a perovskite module (4 cm2) with an aperture PCE of 16.4%, using the Cs/FA double cation perovskite made with 10 mol% CsI and 15 mol% FABr (Cs0.1FA0.9PbI2.865Br0.135) are achieved. The Cs/FA double cation perovskites show negligible degradation after annealing at 85 °C for 336 h, outperforming the perovskite materials containing methylammonium (MA).
Deconvoluting the Bioactivity of Calcium Phosphate‐Based Bone Graft Substitutes: Strategies to Understand the Role of Individual Material Properties
Authors: Galván‐Chacón Víctor Pablo , Habibovic Pamela
Published: May 2017

Calcium phosphate (CaP)‐based ceramics are the most widely applied synthetic biomaterials for repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased bone. CaP bioactivity is regulated by a set of largely intertwined physico‐chemical and structural properties, such as the surface microstructure, surface energy, porosity, chemical composition, crystallinity and stiffness. Unravelling the role of each individual property in the interaction between the biomaterial and the biological system is a prerequisite for evolving from a trial‐and‐error approach to a design‐driven approach in the development of new functional biomaterials. This progress report critically reviews various strategies developed to decouple the roles of the individual material properties in the biological performance of CaP ceramics. It furthermore emphasizes on the importance of a comprehensive and adequate material characterization that is needed to enhance our knowledge of the property‐function relationship of biomaterials used in bone regeneration, and in regenerative medicine in general.
Isomeric N‐Linked Benzoimidazole Containing New Electron Acceptors for Exciplex Forming Hosts in Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Hu Jia , Zhao Chenyang , Zhang Tianmu , Zhang Xianping , Cao Xudong , Wu Qingjing , Chen Yonghua , Zhang Di , Tao Youtian , Huang Wei
Published: May 2017

Three benzoimidazole containing new electron‐accepting materials of 1,3,5‐tris(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (i TPyBIB), 1,1′,1′′‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole) (i TPBIPy), and 1,1′,1′′‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole) (i TPyBIPy) are designed and synthesized. Compared to the commercial electron‐transport 2,2,2‐(1,3,5‐phenylene)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole) (TPBI) with the C‐atom in benzoimidazole linked to the central phenyl ring, the introduction of isomeric N‐linkage to the central phenyl or pyridine ring in three compounds remarkably simplifies the synthesis to a one‐step CN coupling reaction. iTPyBIB, iTPBIPy, and iTPyBIPy exhibit comparable highest occupied molecular orbital (≈6.0 eV) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (≈2.5 eV) energy levels, similar triplet energy levels of ≈2.65 eV with TPBI, whereas reduced electron‐transport properties. All materials can be applied as electron acceptors to form universal exciplex with general hole‐transport electron donors, such as N,N′‐dicarbazolyl‐3,5‐benzene (mCP), 4,4′,4′′‐tris(N‐carbazolyl)‐triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,1‐bis[4‐[N,N‐di(p‐tolyl)‐amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) in the blended films with 1:1 molar ratio. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.0%, 19.3%, and 13.4% is achieved in mCP, mCP:iTPBIPy, and mCP:TPBI hosted blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes, respectively, indicating the superior electron‐acceptor property of the N‐linked iTPBIPy for exciplex forming cohost.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminoalkylation of Alkenes with α‐Bromoalkyl Esters and Amines toward Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Pan Gao‐Hui , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Hu Ming , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: May 2017

We here describe a new copper‐catalyzed tandem annulation of alkenes with α‐bromoalkyl esters and primary amines for producing polysubstituted pyrrolidin‐2‐ones. The reaction allows the formation of three new chemical bonds, one C–C bond and two C–N bonds, in a single reaction, and represents the first three‐component difunctionalization of alkenes for the synthesis of pyrrolidin‐2‐ones involving [2+2+1] annulation.

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A Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Palladium‐Free, Visible Light‐Promoted Photocatalytic Stille‐Type Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ghasimi Saman , Bretschneider Simon A. , Huang Wei , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: May 2017

The Stille coupling reaction is a versatile method to mainly form aromatic CC bonds. However, up to now, the use of palladium catalysts is necessary. Here, a palladium‐free and photocatalytic Stille‐type coupling reaction of aryl iodides and aryl stannanes catalyzing a conjugated microporous polymer‐based phototcatalyst under visible light irradiation at room temperature is reported. The novel coupling reaction mechanism occurs between the photogenerated aryl radical under oxidative destannylation of the aryl stannane, and the electron‐activated aryl iodide, resulting into the aromatic CC bond formation reaction. The visible light‐promoted Stille‐type coupling reaction using the polymer‐based pure organic photocatalyst offers a simple, sustainable, and more economic synthetic pathway toward palladium‐free aromatic CC bond formation.