bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of vaccination against novel coronavirus infection in adolescents with allergic diseases
Authors: Andreeva N. P.
Published: October 2024

Novel coronavirus infection requires analyzing its course in patients with allergic diseases. Patients with atopic allergic diseases remain insufficiently studied with regard to the peculiarities of the course of both the underlying allergic disease and infectious processes caused by viruses and bacteria. Epithelial cells in bronchial asthma do not respond sufficiently to interferons, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may suppress spontaneous upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme expression, which ultimately reduces disease severity, but at the same time makes patients with allergic atopic diseases susceptible to other viral infections. The results obtained indicate statistically significant differences in the formation of anti-RBD IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 between the group of adolescents with bronchial asthma vaccinated against a new coronavirus infection and those not vaccinated against it. During the follow-up period after 6 months, a statistically significant increase in anti-RBD IgG titer to SARS-CoV-2 due to novel coronavirus infection was observed among the unimmunized children. Clinical parameters indicated a favorable course of atopic process and control of bronchial asthma exacerbations in adolescents who received vaccination against both new coronavirus infection and influenza, while those who did not receive vaccination against these viral infections had bronchial asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infection. Also among patients with bronchial asthma who received influenza vaccination, there were no cases of influenza A and bronchial asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infections. In this regard, influenza vaccination is an important intervention to maintain control of asthma exacerbations. It is noteworthy that no new coronavirus infection was reported among vaccinated adolescents within a year after immunization. At the same time, 6 months after vaccination against a new coronavirus infection, we observed a statistically significant increase in antibody levels in unvaccinated adolescents, indicating the presence of high viral neutralizing activity. Vaccination against novel coronavirus infection in patients with bronchial asthma may be considered a possibility.
Expression of key molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway in blood leukocytes of autistic children
Authors: Alekseeva A. S. , Filippova Yu. Yu. , Burmistrova A. L.
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders, whose causes are currently not fully understood. Research suggests that inflammation and changes in immune functions may play an important role in the development of autism. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of autistic children lead to negative regulation of synaptic plasticity, as well as impaired proliferation and differentiation of neurons through activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The purpose of the work is to analyze the levels of mRNA: TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IκBα, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65 in peripheral blood leukocytes of children in comparison with the severity of autism spectrum disorders. The study included 126 children aged from 3 to 13 years (the ratio of boys to girls was 4:1): 45 children with typical neurodevelopment, and 81 children with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of autism. According to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, 51 children had mild to moderate ASD (CARS score: 29-36), and 30 children had severe autism (CARS score: 36-60). The expression of inflammatory signal transduction pathway molecules was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes using real-time polymerase chain reaction with SYBRGreen. To compare the samples, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used. It was found that in leukocytes of children with severe ASD, the expression of the adapter protein MyD88 and the p65 subunit of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB was significantly reduced, and the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor, IκBα, was significantly increased, compared to the control group. In leukocytes of children with mild ASD, a decrease in NF-κB p65 expression was found at a trend level. When comparing groups of children with different severity of autism symptoms (mild/severe), no significant differences were found in the levels of mRNA of key signaling molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway in blood leukocytes. Thus, in the blood leukocytes of children with severe ASD, suppression of the expression of key molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway (NF-κB) is observed, which leads to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-2, against the background of increased expression of key cytokine of Th1 cells – IFNγ.
Blood cytokines in children with erosive gastritis
Authors: Polivanova T. V. , Vshivkov V A.
Published: October 2024

Aim: To evaluate the cytokine profile of blood serum in children with erosive gastritis depending on the activity of the inflammatory process, bacterial invasion of H. pylori and family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease. Gastroscopy was performed with the collection of biopsy material from the gastric mucosa in 168 children aged 7-17 years with gastroenterological complaints. Subsequently, a morphological examination of biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis of gastritis in all examined patients and determined H. pylori invasion. The content of cytokines in the blood serum (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1β, IFNα, TNFα) was determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. When analyzing cytokine levels in schoolchildren infected with H. pylori, there were no differences in cytokine concentrations (p 0.05). While in uninfected children in the presence of erosive changes, a decrease in IL-2 content was noted (p = 0.026). In individuals with a family history of peptic ulcer disease with erosive gastritis, an increase in the content of IL-8 was observed (p = 0.006), which is known to play an important role in maintaining innate immunity. Whereas, in the absence of a family predisposition, schoolchildren with erosive gastritis showed a decrease in IL-2 (p = 0.027), which is similar to the level of IL-2 in schoolchildren with erosive gastritis without H. pylori infection. IL-2 is considered an activator of the antitumor response and this property is being actively studied in patients with gastric cancer. In the context of these data, it can be assumed that in individuals with erosive gastritis, even without a family predisposition and H. pylori infection, inhibition of IL-2 synthesis is observed. What causes this influence is an open question. Thus, the variety of components of the cytokine profile involved in the regulation of the inflammatory process and the influencing negative factors create difficulties in assessing and, even more so, predicting the role and significance of changes in the content of a particular cytokine in the blood serum in children with erosive gastritis.
Immune alterations in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Chudakova Yu. M. , Nikitina S. G. , Balakireva E. E. , Shmarin V. V. , Salimova T. A. , Martynov A. V. , Shmarina G. V. , Kostyuk S. V.
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of mental and nervous system disorders. Patients with ASD are characterized by communication and cognitive impairments and obsessive behavior. The pathogenesis and etiology of ASD are still unclear. According to the literature, patients suffering from ASD have not only mental, but also somatic disorders, including changes in the immune system. The aim of this work was to study the concentration of cytokines in the blood plasma of children with ASD and the level of expression of proinflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The clinical group included 71 children aged 4-12 years with a diagnosis of ASD (F84.02). Patients scored more than 36 on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The control sample included 27 apparently healthy children of the same age. The following methods were used in this study: isolation of mononuclear cells from heparinized peripheral blood, Ficoll-Verografin density gradient centrifugation, evaluation of cytokine blocks using commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits, isolation of random total RNA, reverse transcription using hexaprimers, and real-time polymerase chain reaction using intercalating dye SYBR Green. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A in the peripheral blood plasma of children with ASD was statistically significantly increased compared to the control sample. Moreover, the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in patients with ASD was 3.6 times lower compared to the control sample (p 0.001). The level of expression of the NF-κB1, IL1β, IL8 and TNFα genes at the RNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased by 2.8, 2.5, 4.8 and 4.2 times in patients with ASD compared to the control sample (all p 0.01). The results obtained indicate an increase in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17A) in the blood plasma and a decrease in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in patients with ASD compared to the control sequence.
Patients with coronary atherosclerosis had an altered ratio of monocyte subpopulations in the blood, which was associated with an inflammatory cell response
Authors: Verkhova S. S. , Nikiforov N. G. , Chegodaev E. S. , Popov M. A.
Published: October 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Experimental data confirm the role of monocytes in the development of CAD. Three main subpopulations of circulating blood monocytes are known: classical CD14++CD16- (~80%), intermediate CD14+CD16+ (~5%) and non-classical CD14+CD16++(~15%). It is believed that each of the subpopulations of monocytes performs different functions. There are studies that demonstrate that classical monocytes respond more to the bacterial presence, whereas non-classical ones respond to the viral one. However, the functions of monocyte subpopulations have not been fully studied. Previously, we demonstrated that circulating monocytes of the blood of patients with atherosclerosis had increased proinflammatory activity. We decided to find out how the ratio of monocyte subpopulations in the blood is related to the inflammatory response of cells in atherosclerosis. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship of the inflammatory response of primary monocytes with the distribution of monocyte subpopulations relative to the total pool of monocytes in healthy and sick CAD. The study included 20 men aged 46 to 70 years, 10 of them without CAD and 10 patients with CAD. A coronary angiography was performed, according to the results of which the patients were divided into patients with coronary atherosclerosis with detected stenosis in 2 or more arteries (CAD) and healthy ones without stenosis in the arteries. Next, blood was taken to study circulating monocytes. Monocyte subpopulations were detected by flow cytometry from the leukocyte fraction using antibodies against CD14- FITC and CD16-PB450-A. Immediately after isolation, monocytes were stimulated with LPS with a final concentration of 1 ug/mL, and a supernatant was selected 24 hours later for further enzyme immunoassay. The inflammatory response was assessed by the secretion of cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CCL2 using ELISA. The monocytes of CAD patients had an altered inflammatory response in response to LPS stimulation compared to patients without CAD. This was manifested in increased secretion of IL-1β and TNF, and decreased secretion of CCL2 and IL-6. An increase in the number of intermediate and non-classical monocytes in patients with CAD was associated with changes in the inflammatory response of cells to the secretion of cytokines IL-1β and CCL2. It can be assumed that pathological changes in the representation of monocyte subpopulations in the bloodstream may be one of the causes of chronic inflammation in the walls of the arteries, contributing to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Determination of proinflammatory cytokine levels to assess the reparative potential of tissues in ischemic damage and local correction with hyaluronic acid
Authors: Shperling M. I. , Kubyshkin A. V. , Uryupin K. I.
Published: October 2024

The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that local correction of secondary alteration stops excessive inflammation activity and promotes early activation of reparative processes. Objective: in an animal experiment, to evaluate the dynamics in blood plasma of the concentration of circulating inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic damage to soft tissues and after local action of a hyaluronic acid-based drug.
In anesthetized Wistar rats, acute ischemic damage to the soft tissues of the thigh was simulated by mechanical compression with a vise for 7 hours. After removing the vise, the rats were divided into 2 groups of 32 individuals: control (without treatment) and experimental (3 hours after removing the vise, the drug was injected into the area bordering the compression zone with a sterile syringe based on hyaluronic acid “Hyalift-3.5”, diluted with 0.9% solution to the final concentration of the drug – 1.75%). The concentration of cytokines in blood plasma was determined, histological sections of soft tissues in the compression area were examined.
An increase in the plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) was revealed during the entire follow-up period (21 days), especially 7 days after the injury. To the greatest extent, these changes were observed in animals in the control group, which was manifested by a statistically significant increase in the concentration of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6, relative to the values in intact rats: on average by 7.2; 3.7 and 5.3 times, respectively. In rats in the experimental group, local administration of a hyaluronic acid-based drug already in the early period after injury limited the severity of inflammation (an increased concentration of IL-10 was recorded in blood plasma).
The sanogenetic role of local administration of hyaluronic acid in the wound process is mediated by the relief of inflammation in the early period of damage and is realized in increasing the reparative potential of tissues according to the variant of earlier and significant formation of musculoskeletal tissue regenerates.
The influence of modulation of intestinal microbiota on clinical and immunological parameters and oxytocin levels in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Cherevko N. A. , Novikov P. S. , Khudyakova M. I. , Arkhipov A. M. , Loginova E. A. , Vekovtsev A. A. , Bylin P. G.
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorders are associated with an imbalance of immune and neurological disorders, starting after the age of two. The study is devoted to studying the role of specialized strains of bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri, which mediate the synthesis of oxytocin in humans and influence inflammation indicators. Bacteria of this strain were part of the biologically active additive “Panbiolact Mental”, developed and presented by NPO ArtLife (Tomsk). The purpose of the work was to assess the effect of specialized strains of bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri on changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, oxytocin levels, and immune parameters of children with ASD. The study included 43 children with autism spectrum disorders who took Panbiolact Mental for 90 days. The study materials included venous blood samples and fecal samples. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TNF, IFN), immunoglobulins (IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM) and the neuropeptide oxytocin were determined in the blood serum. Fecal samples were used to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the colon microbiota. Clinical symptoms of the disease associated with quality of life were assessed using the standard ATEC test scale (Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist), expressed in scores corresponding to the severity of clinical and neurological parameters of the disease. In children with autism spectrum disorders, after 90 days of regular use of Panbiolact Mental, the number of bacteria of the genera Acinetobacter decreased, the number of Bacteroides species pluralis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Eubacterium rectale, Prevotella species pluralis and Methanobrevibacter smithii increased. Increases in the concentration of oxytocin, the protolerogenic coefficient IL-10/TNFα, immunoglobulins M and G, and a decrease in the concentrations of TNFα and IL-10 were recorded. The results of the study support the hypothesis of a significant role of gut microbiota diversity in the neuro-immune pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. “Panbiolact Mental” is presented as a potentially effective remedy for an integrated approach to the correction of ASD in children. These data may form the basis for further research in the field of probiotic therapy, as well as for the development of new strategies based on modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
Characteristics of the proinflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages in patients with metabolic syndrome, exemplified by the production of IL-6 and MCP-1
Authors: Malashchenko V. V. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Yurova K. A. , Todosenko N. M. , Bograya M. M. , Gazatova N. D. , Melashchenko O. B. , Beletskaya M. A. , Litvinova L. S.
Published: October 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the most common socially significant diseases. Around 1.9 billion people suffer from this disease, which places an enormous burden on healthcare systems around the world. This is particularly true in connection with concomitant diseases. With the progression of MS, disorders in the function of the immune system occur in the body, including those associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the development of chronic inflammation. In particular, there is an increase in the number of circulating monocytes actively recruited to inflamed adipose tissue, where there is non-specific proinflammatory activation of innate immune cells, which adopt an M1-like phenotype and become less sensitive to anti-inflammatory stimuli. This ultimately leads to a decrease in the functional activity of monocytes/macrophages and their immunoplasticity. The subject of the study was the venous blood of patients and the CD14+ monocytes/macrophages obtained from it by immunomagnetic separation. In our work, we focused on the search for significant relationships between markers of chronic inflammation and the formation of immune tolerance of monocytes/macrophages in patients with metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters, basal and LPS-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) were investigated by culture of monocytes/macrophages in patients with metabolic syndrome. The evaluation of biochemical parameters in blood samples from MS patients and healthy donors revealed that the levels of ALAT, AST, GGT, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, C-reactive protein, glucose and insulin were significantly higher in MS patients than in healthy donors. The levels of P-amylase and high-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than in the control group.
Within the experimental model, repeated stimulation showed a decrease in cytokine production in response to LPS compared to the first stimulation on day 7. It was also found that the response to the primary stimulus was higher in cells from patients with a body mass index (BMI) 40 kg/m2, which could indirectly indicate the presence of a phenotype associated with chronic inflammation and consequently with reduced plasticity of the monocyte/macrophage immune response.
Synthesis of cytokines during physiological pregnancy
Authors: Khamdamov B. Z. , Turdyeva D. O. , Rustamova N. B.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with a physiological pregnancy, which is of great importance in obstetrics. Studying the synthesis of cytokines makes it possible to identify disturbances in the course of pregnancy, which is of great practical importance. The authors conducted a study of the level of cytokines in women with physiological pregnancy. Purpose of the study: to study the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in the dynamics of physiological pregnancy.
The level of serum cytokines was studied in 94 women with a physiologically progressing pregnancy, who were registered with advisory clinics No. 14, No. 26, and No. 28 in Bukhara. The age of pregnant women ranged from 21 to 37 years, averaging 26.3±1.5 years. When compiling groups by trimester of pregnancy, it was revealed that: 35 women were in the first trimester of pregnancy; in 31 – the second trimester; and in 28 women – the third trimester of pregnancy. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy non-pregnant women who were comparable in age. The levels of cytokines 1β, IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-10 was determined in peripheral blood serum using a set of reagents produced by Cytokin LLC (St. Petersburg, Russia) using the ELISA method according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using Student’s t-test using the standard Windows 2000 statistical software package. An increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα) was detected in the early stages of gestation compared with data from healthy non-pregnant women, which persisted in the second half of pregnancy against the background of an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). In the third trimester of pregnancy, a further increase in the serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ) was observed. The results of the studies indicate that at the level of the cytokine network there are mechanisms of fetoprotection, the violation of which can be the cause of pregnancy pathology.
A User - Friendly Signal-Processing App For Harmonics
Authors: Akkaya Sıtkı
Published: October 2024

Harmonics, especially the 3^rd,5^th, and 7^th components, are significant disturbances in power systems, occurring simultaneously and at varying time intervals. Measurements of these components depend on factors such as fundamental frequency deviation, event duration, amplitude values, and noise levels. Accurate detection and measurement are crucial for effective harmonic mitigation and preventive strategies. This study introduces a harmonic signal analysis application utilizing methods like FFT, STFT, CWT, EMD, and HHT, with individual user interfaces for in-phase and time-variant harmonic signals. The application provides results for amplitude, frequency, event time intervals, and noise effects simultaneously. Test results at a 60 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reveal that FFT achieves precise frequency and amplitude results due to its high resolution, whereas other methods offering time-frequency domain results exhibit lower resolution. EMD, in particular, demonstrates high errors in frequency and amplitude responses, reducing four frequency components to three. HHT, utilizing EMD results, yields higher accuracy with minimal errors compared to other methods. This application, combined with test results, facilitates signal synthesis and comparative analysis in time and time-frequency domains.
Optimizing Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Power Loss and Fault Current Management
Authors: Akın Fırat , Çıkan Murat , Arikan Oktay , Kekezoğlu Bedri
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the use of network reconfiguration as a cost-effective method to optimize power system performance through the minimization of fault currents and power losses. In single-objective optimizations, the study targets the reduction of the average fault current of the buses and the power losses individually. Additionally, a multi-objective optimization study is conducted to address both parameters simultaneously. Optimization scenarios are applied on 33-bus test system through Walrus Optimizer. The results demonstrate that reconfiguration can significantly reduce power losses and fault currents, compared to the base configuration of the test system, which had a power loss of 202.60 kW and an average fault current of 2.60 p.u. Single-objective optimizations reduced power losses to 139.551 kW and minimized average fault current to 2.13 p.u. Furthermore, the multi-objective optimization provided a range of Pareto optimal solutions, examining both criteria and highlighting the flexibility of reconfiguration in adapting to power system needs.
Potential of Commercial Titanium in Electromagnetic Shielding for 5G Frequency Domain
Authors: Sorgucu Uğur
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancements in telecommunications, medicine, military systems, and electronic devices have led to significant public health concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution. This issue is complex due to the potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) to cause malfunctions or reduced performance in various electronic devices and systems. Electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing pollution and protecting individuals, devices, and systems. Titanium, with its unique attributes, including enhanced electrical conductivity, durability, environmental sustainability, chemical stability, and superior mechanical properties, is an effective defense against electromagnetic pollution. This study utilizes commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CP Ti Grade 4) due to the complex processes involved in obtaining pure titanium. The study investigates the electromagnetic shielding efficacy of titanium in the 5G frequency bands using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), waveguides, and coaxial cables, demonstrating an impressive shielding effectiveness (SE) of approximately 70 dB within the 3.3–6 GHz frequency range
Sabit ve Güneş Takipli Fotovoltaik Sistemlerin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: Aktaş Abdullah , Kocaman Behçet
Published: October 2024

Son zamanlarda enerji ihtiyacı sürekli artmaktadır. Artan enerji ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için enerji arayışları yapılmaktadır. Bu arayışlar, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları konusunda yapılan bilimsel çalışmaları da artırmıştır. Fosil yakıtların zamanla tükenecek olması, çevresel olumsuz etkiler oluşturması ve hammade fiyatlarındaki atışlar olması nedeniyle, yeni ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelme çalışmalarının artmasına neden olmuştur. Önemli yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri de güneş enerjisidir. Bu çalışmada, Bitlis ili, Güroymak ilçesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan 500 kW kurulu güçlü sabit eksenli MRS Uğraşlar güneş enerjisi santrali (GES) için; PVsyst güneş enerjisi simülasyon programı ortamında benzetimi yapılarak performans analizi yapılmıştır. Simülasyon ve gerçek sistem verileri ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca planlama ve sistem mühendisleri için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Televizyonların Arka Işık Sistemlerinde Kullanılan LED Fosfor Teknolojilerinin Güvenirlik ve Renk Doğruluğu Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Saribiyik Olcay , Ayaz Ramazan
Published: October 2024

LED’lerde kullanılan fosfor tabakaları mavi renkte ışıma yapan bir LED çipin beyaz tonlarında ışıma yapmasını sağlamaktadır. Sektörde başlıca YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) ve KSF (K2SiF6:Mn4+) olmak üzere iki çeşit fosfor türü kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan bu fosforlar farklı renk yelpazesi sunabilmektedir ancak bunun yanında farklı dayanım özelliklerine de sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada, televizyonlarda kullanılan YAG ve KSF fosforlu LED’lerden oluşan LED barlar farklı ortam koşulları ve sürme akımlarında çalıştırılarak güvenirlik açısından incelenmiştir. Birinci durumda ortam sıcaklığı yüksek tutulurken düşük LED akımı uygulanmış, ikinci durumda ise düşük ortam sıcaklığında yüksek LED akımı uygulanmıştır. Her iki durumda da test öncesi ve test sonrası her bir LED’in mikroskop görüntüleri alınmıştır. Ayrıca her durumda LED’ler periyodik olarak kontrol edilerek LED’lerin jonksiyon sıcaklıkları kaydedilmiştir. Kontrol sırasında LED’lerin testin kaçıncı saatinde bozulduğu kayıt altına alınarak Reliasoft programında güvenilirlik analizi yapılmış ve yaklaşık ömürleri tahmin edilmiştir. Böylece fosfor türlerinin LED’lerin dayanımına olan etkisi karşılaştırılmıştır.
Editorial
Authors: Salcedo Beltrán Carmen
Published: October 2024

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Between Ballots and Bullets: Political Competition, Uncertainty, and MNE Strategies in Politically Challenging Environments
Authors: DeBerge Thomas
Published: October 2024

Multinational enterprises encounter political competition in all of the environments in which they operate, whether it manifests as elections between political parties or war between armed factions – that is, ballots and bullets. Yet, the literature on MNE strategies has yet to fully and systematically incorporate political competition and probe the challenges and opportunities that it poses to firms. In my dissertation research, I delve into three distinct contexts – the Democratic Republic of Congo, the United States, and Russia – to explore political competition and the strategies that MNEs develop to navigate these environments, aiming to build a unified theory to drive new IB scholarship and generate valuable insights for managers.
Distribución de competencias Estado-Comunidades Autónomas-Administraciones Locales. La protección de la autonomía local
Authors: Pérez Pino Virginia
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: I.1. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS ESTADO-COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS-ADMINISTRACIONES LOCALES 1.1.1. Consideraciones generales 1.1.2. La competencia autonómica de ordenación del territorio como competencia exclusiva relativa o concurrente con otros títulos competenciales 1.1.3. La competencia estatal, autonómica y local en materia de ordenación del territorio 1.1.4. La competencia estatal, autonómica y local en materia de urbanismo 1.1.5. Las competencias locales tras la reforma efectuada por la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local a la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Básica de Régimen Local 1.1.6. Las SSTC 41/2016, de 8 de marzo y 111/2016, 9 de junio sobre la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local a la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Básica de Régimen Loca y su modificación a la ley Básica de Régimen Local I.2. LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA AUTONOMÍA LOCAL I.3. CONCLUSIONES 1.4. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
El ejercicio subsidiario autonómico ante la inactividad municipal en la incoación de expedientes. Supuestos legalmente previstos. Incidencia de la STC 154/2015, de 9 de Julio de 2015. La afección autonómica como requisito imprescindible para su ejercicio.
Authors: Amador Blanco Antonio Jesús
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: INTRODUCCIÓN VI.1 URBANISMO Y ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO VI.2 LA COMPETENCIA PARA EXIGIR EL CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA LEGALIDAD URBANÍSTICA Y SU CARÁCTER INEXCUSABLE VI.3 CONCURRENCIA PERFECTA Y CONCURRENCIA IMPERFECTA EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA DISCIPLINA URBANÍSTICA. SUBROGACIÓN Y EJERCICIO SUBSIDIARIO DE COMPETENCIA. LÍMITES DERIVADOS DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL VI.4 LÍMITES CONSTITUCIONALES A LAS POSIBILIDADES DE SUSTITUCIÓN O ACTUACIÓN SUBSIDIARIA AUTONÓMICA ANTE LA INACTIVIDAD MUNICIPAL VI.5 LOS EFECTOS EN LA LEGISLACIÓN URBANÍSTICA ANDALUZA DE LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL NÚM. 154/2015, DE 9 DE JULIO (BOE DEL 14/08/2015) VI.6 LA “AFECCIÓN COMPETENCIAL“ COMO REQUISITO HABILITANTE PARA EL EJERCICIO SUBSIDIARIO AUTONÓMICO. EL ALCANCE DE LAS COMPETENCIAS LOCALES EN LA ORDENACIÓN TERRITORIAL CONCLUSIONES ANEXO DE LEGISLACIÓN AUTONÓMICA .
LA LEGISLACIÓN SECTORIAL Y EL URBANISMO
Authors: Gamero Ruiz Eva
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: I. DE LA IMPORTANCIA DE LOS PRINCIPIOS JURÍDICOS PARA ENTENDER LAS RELACIONES ENTRE URBANISMO Y NORMATIVA SECTORIAL I.1 De las relaciones entre el urbanismo y las leyes sectoriales I.2 De los concretos principios que articulan estas relaciones II. DE LA NECESARIA COORDINACIÓN ENTRE URBANISMO Y NORMAS SECTORIALES II.1 Del urbanismo como instrumento de coordinación de políticas sectoriales: las normas legales de directa aplicación II.2 De los distintos momentos de coordinación entre urbanismo y normativa sectorial II.2.1 En la fase de elaboración del planeamiento. a) En el contenido y documentación de los instrumentos de planeamiento. b) En la tramitación de los instrumentos de planeamiento. c) En relación con la clasificación del suelo no urbanizable II.2.2 En la fase de aplicación del planeamiento. a) Contenido estatutario de la propiedad del suelo, en particular del SNU. b) Articulación entre autorizaciones urbanísticas y sectoriales. c) El problema del silencio en las autorizaciones urbanísticas y sectoriales II.2.3 En la fase de disciplina. a) Principios generales de los procedimientos sancionadores administrativos. b) Diferencias entre procedimientos sancionadores en materia de administración sectorial y procedimientos de disciplina urbanística. c) Medidas correctoras y compensatorias imponibles a las actuaciones urbanísticas prescritas III. DE ALGUNAS DE LAS NORMAS SECTORIALES DE MAYOR INCIDENCIA EN EL URBANISMO III.1 Criterios de selección y cuestiones competenciales III.2 Relaciones entre el urbanismo y leyes sectoriales III.2.1 Urbanismo y transporte III.2.2 Urbanismo y Dominio Público Portuario y Aeroportuario. Servidumbres aeronáuticas III.2.3 Urbanismo y Evaluación ambiental III.2.4 Urbanismo y Agricultura III.2.5 Urbanismo y Montes III.2.6 Urbanismo y Vías pecuarias III.2.7 Urbanismo y Salud III.2.8 Urbanismo y Costas III.2.9 Urbanismo y Dominio Público Hidráulico III.2.10 Urbanismo y Telecomunicaciones y Dominio Público Radioeléctrico III.2.11 Urbanismo y Sector eléctrico III.2.12 Urbanismo y Minas III.2.13 Urbanismo y Comercio interior III.2.14 Urbanismo y Turismo IV. CONCLUSIONES
La crisis del urbanismo
Authors: García Arenas Nicanor
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: I.I. INTROITO. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA. LA DISFUNCIÓN PÚBLICA DEL URBANISMO I.II. A VUELTAS CON LA INDISCIPLINA URBANÍSTICA 1. Un mal endémico 2. Apunte reflexivo sobre algunos retos para el futuro I.III. EL URBANISMO A LA CARTA. LOS CONVENIOS I.IV. MISIÓN IMPOSIBLE: A LA BÚSQUEDA DE LA APROBACIÓN DE UN PLAN GENERAL DE ORDENACIÓN URBANÍSTICA 1. El suelo urbano como concepto reglado. 2. El carácter reglado del suelo no urbanizable protegido. 3. Principio de ciudad compacta. 4. Defectos formales o vicios en el procedimiento. 5. Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica. 6. Intangibilidad de las zonas verdes, espacios libres, dotaciones y equipamientos. 7. Recapitulación. I.V. LA INSINCERIDAD DE LA DESOBEDIENCIA DISIMULADA. LA EJECUCIÓN FRAUDULENTA DE SENTENCIAS 1. Inejecución de sentencias por modificaciones de planeamiento. 2. Leyes urbanísticas autonómicas que suspenden o condicionan la ejecución judicial de sentencias. I.VI. DE POSTRE: LA DULCIFICACIÓN DE LA NORMA I.VII. A MODO DE CONCLUSIÓN .
La concepción legal del asimilado a fuera de ordenación en suelo no urbanizable
Authors: López Poyatos Alexis , García Arenas Nicanor
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: I. LA CONCEPCIÓN LEGAL DEL ASIMILADO A FUERA DE ORDENACIÓN EN SUELO NO URBANIZABLE: INTRODUCCIÓN II. EL PGOU COMO MARCO DE REFERENCIA. METODOLOGÍA PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS EDIFICACIONES AISLADAS III. LAS EDIFICACIONES AISLADAS EN SUELO NO URBANIZABLE. CLASIFICACIÓN III.1. Edificaciones conformes con el ordenamiento territorial y urbanístico vigente III.2. Edificaciones disconformes con el ordenamiento territorial y urbanístico vigente III.2.A). Edificaciones en situación legal de fuera de ordenación. III.2.B). Edificaciones ilegales no prescritas. III.2.C). Edificaciones en situación de asimilación a fuera de ordenación. III.2.D). Edificaciones antiguas. IV. LAS EDIFICACIONES ASIMILADAS AL RÉGIMEN DE FUERA DE ORDENACIÓN IV.1. Requisitos de ámbito temporal IV.1.A). La caducidad. IV.1.B). El plazo de ejercicio de potestades de disciplina urbanística. La ausencia de norma transitoria. IV.2. Requisitos de ámbito espacial IV.2.A). Edificaciones ubicadas en suelo no urbanizable de especial protección. IV.2.B). Edificaciones aisladas integradas en una parcelación urbanística si no se ha procedido a la reagrupación de las parcelas. IV.3 Requisitos de ámbito sustancial IV.3.A). Condiciones relativas a la ubicación y accesibilidad de las edificaciones. IV.3.B). Condiciones relativas al impacto generado por las edificaciones. IV.3.C). Condiciones relativas a la seguridad de la edificación. IV.3.D). Condiciones relativas a la salubridad de la edificación. IV.3.E). Condiciones relativas a la habitabilidad y funcionalidad de la edificación. V. EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA SITUACIÓN ASIMILADA A FUERA DE ORDENACIÓN. RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO. ¿LEGALIZACIÓN O MERA TOLERANCIA DE LO EDIFICADO? VI. AUTOABASTECIMIENTO Y ACCESO A LOS SUMINISTROS VII. LA OTRA REALIDAD: EL REGISTRO DE LA PROPIEDAD VIII. CONCLUSIONES .
Xử trí ra máu tử cung bất thường sau cấy que tránh thai
Authors: Hà Duy Tiến , Nguyễn Ngọc Phương , Phạm Thị Thanh Hiền , Bùi Lê Khánh Chi
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét hiệu quả của viên uống tránh thai kết hợp trong xử trí ra máu bất thường sau cấy que tránh thai.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu trên những phụ nữ ra máu bất thường sau cấy que tránh thai được điều trị bằng viên uống tránh thai kết hợp Rigevidon trong 3 tháng.
Kết quả: có 70 trường hợp ra máu bất thường sau cấy que chủ yếu là rong kinh (97,1%) với số lượng máu ít đến vừa (78,6%). Tỷ lệ điều trị thành công là 87,1% với đa số phụ nữ cho thấy triệu chứng ra máu được cải thiện rõ rệt, tuy nhiên 30% tái phát rong kinh sau khi ngừng thuốc.
Kết luận: Viên uống tránh thai kết hợp có hiệu quả cao trong điều trị ra máu bất thường sau cấy que tránh thai.
Hiệu quả sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung của máy soi cổ tử cung Dr.Cervicam C20 tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Thắng , Đặng Thị Hồng Thiện , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Phượng , Nguyễn Đức Hà , Đào Minh Hưng , Đào Huy Quang , Nguyễn Bảo Giang , Vương Hoàng Linh , Nguyễn Thùy Trang , Hoàng Phương Ly
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Ung thư cổ tử cung là gánh nặng bệnh tật lớn đối với phụ nữ trên toàn thế giới. Trí tuệ nhân tạo đang được nghiên cứu đưa vào các chương trình sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung. Máy tầm soát ung thư cổ tử cung Dr.Cervicam C20 là một công cụ được thử nghiệm triển khai tại nhiều quốc gia.
Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung của máy tầm soát ung thư cổ tử cung Dr.Cervicam C20.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên các đối tượng khám sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương từ tháng 12/2023 đến tháng 08/2024.
Kết quả: Thu được từ 160 đối tượng nghiên cứu, Dr.Cervicam C20 có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu trong phát hiện tổn thương tiền ung thư và ung thư cổ tử cung lần lượt là 90,5% và 84,2%.
Kết luận: Như vậy, Dr.Cervicam C20 là một phương pháp sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung hiệu quả cao.
Diễn biến nồng độ Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) sau mổ nội soi bóc nang lạc nội mạc tử cung tại buồng trứng
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà , Nguyễn Duy Ánh , Nguyễn Đức Hinh
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét diễn biến của dự trữ buồng trứng bằng nồng độ AMH sau mổ nội soi bóc nang lạc nội mạc tử cung (LNMTC) tại buồng trứng 1 tháng, 3 tháng, 6 tháng.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, theo dõi dọc được thực hiện tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội từ 01/2015 đến 10/2016. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là 104 phụ nữ, từ 18 đến 40 tuổi, có nang LNMTC tại buồng trứng trên siêu âm (SA)/MRI, được chẩn đoán xác định bằng kết quả giải phẫu bệnh (GPB), có chỉ định phẫu thuật nội soi bóc nang LNMTC. Các thông tin cơ bản của bệnh nhân được thu thập trước phẫu thuật. Nồng độ AMH được xét nghiệm ở 4 thời điểm: trước mổ, sau mổ 1,3 và 6 tháng.
Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của nhóm bệnh nhân nghiên cứu là 29. Có 78,9% bệnh nhân chưa đủ 2 con. Theo phân loại rASRM, tất cả bệnh nhân có nang LNMTC giai đoạn 3 hoặc 4. Nồng AMH trước mổ, sau mổ 1 tháng, 3 tháng và 6 tháng lần lượt là 4,47 ± 2,88 ng/ml; 2,11 ± 1,88 ng/ml; 1,96 ± 1,67 ng/ml và 1,97 ± 1,50 ng/ml. So với trước mổ, nồng độ AMH sau mổ ở thời điểm 1 tháng, 3 tháng và 6 tháng giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê. Tuy nhiên, diễn biến nồng độ AMH không thay đổi trong vòng 6 tháng với mức giảm sau mổ 1 tháng là 46,2 ± 39,3%, 3 tháng là 48,7 ± 34,1% và 6 tháng là 47,8 ± 35,9%.
Kết luận: Sau mổ bóc nang LNMTC tại buồng trứng, dự trữ buồng trứng giảm đáng kể và mức giảm không thay đổi trong vòng 6 tháng.
DEVELOPING A COMPETITIVE REWARD SYSTEM TO ATTRACT QUALIFIED TEACHERS
Authors: Rotty Viktory N.J. , Sumual Tinneke , Lumapouw Harol
Published: October 2024

The quality of education plays an important role in determining educational outcomes, as competent and dedicated educators are able to provide effective teaching, motivate students, and help them reach their full potential. However, in many countries, including Indonesia, there are still challenges in attracting and retaining quality educators. Therefore, it is important for educational institutions to formulate a reward system that is not only financially competitive, but also includes non-financial aspects that can improve the satisfaction and motivation of educators. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through a literature review, focusing on relevant written sources such as books, journal articles, research reports, theses, and dissertations. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation to compare and confirm information from various sources, providing a more comprehensive and reliable understanding of the topic being studied. The results show that the development of a competitive reward system is critical to attracting quality educators, who are key to improving the quality of educational education. Education institutions can create an atmosphere that supports the improvement of teaching quality and education as a whole by implementing a balanced reward system and considering feedback from educators.
SEGMENTATION OF DIGITAL IMAGES WITH WAVELET TRANSFORMATION USING MATLAB VERSION R2010B
Authors: Abidin Muhammad Zainal
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore and apply the use of wavelet transformation for the segmentation of digital images, utilizing MATLAB version R2010B. The study aims to analyze how wavelet transform can be used to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of image segmentation, which is a critical process in image processing and computer vision. The research contributes to the field of digital image processing by demonstrating the application of wavelets transformation for segmenting digital images. In this study, the study provides insights into how wavelets can be utilized to improve the detection of image features, especially in identifying image features more accurately. The experimental results show that only the Canny operator's edge detection method has the best edge detector in detecting the edges of objects in wavelet images. The technique of determining the threshold value (thresholding) can be carried out in two ways, namely, automatic method and technique carried out by trial and error. Finally, improving automatic thresholding techniques using AI-driven algorithms to reduce the reliance on trial-and-error methods could provide more consistent results in varied application areas.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko di Perusahaan Konsultan Politik: Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan XYZ
Authors: Risqy Kurniawan Rachmad , Zahrah Santoso Fatimah
Published: October 2024

PT. XYZ adalah perusahaan yang berfokus pada layanan konsultasi politik dan media. Saat ini, manajemen risiko di perusahaan ini masih dilakukan dengan cara manual, di mana risiko yang telah terjadi dan potensi risiko dicatat dalam dokumen tanpa adanya pedoman yang jelas dan terstruktur. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian ini bertujuan merancang kerangka kerja manajemen risiko yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan PT. XYZ. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur. Kerangka kerja manajemen risiko yang diusulkan mengacu pada ISO 31000:2018, yang dipilih karena lebih cocok untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manajemen puncak dan dapat mengakomodasi aspirasi pemegang saham untuk meningkatkan nilai perusahaan, dibandingkan dengan COSO ERM 2004.
lava-pés como expressão de amor e serviço aos irmãos e irmãs (Jo 13,1-15)
Authors: Silva Pedro
Published: October 2024

Este artigo aborda o amor e o serviço, presentes no evento lava-pés, narrado somente no Evangelho de João. É uma perspectiva que propõe que de tal evento nasce o modelo universal para os seres humanos, de como servir e amar. Percebe-se que neste acontecimento, Jesus dá um exemplo do que é o verdadeiro amor: é dar-se por inteiro sem reservar nada para si e sem se preocupar consigo próprio. Assim Jesus faz na última ceia, lavando os pés dos seus discípulos. Mas essa demonstração continua: seu amor é provado ainda mais quando ele, não reservando nem mesmo sua vida, entrega-a na cruz e morre por todos. Diante destes eventos, Jesus pede que seus discípulos se apoiem neles como exemplos de amor e serviço ao próximo sem preocupar-se com quem seja este próximo. Assim deve ser a práxis do amor às pessoas: um amor que não olha necessariamente a quem faz algum bem, mas por quem o faz: pelo próprio Jesus. Assim, se discutirá, primeiro, o serviço no evento lava-pés. Em seguida, se refletirá acerca do amor no mesmo evento. Por fim, perceber-se-á o serviço como práxis do amor ao próximo.
Improved lane detection for autonomous vehicles using deep learning, semantic segmentation, edge detection and multi-sensor data fusion
Authors: Ali Babar , Akbar Muhammad Mohsin , Baqir Muhammad Uzair , Sajid Muhammad Umair , Soomro Abdul Majid , Sikander Ammar , Rehman Attique Ur , Khurshid Imran
Published: October 2024

Automated driving has gained significant attention because it can eliminate severe driving risks in real time. While autonomous vehicles rely heavily on sensors for lane detection, obstacle identification, and environmental awareness, accurate lane recognition remains a persistent challenge due to factors such as noise from shadows, poor lane markings, and obstructed views. Despite advances in computer vision, this problem is yet to be fully resolved, presenting a gap in the current literature. The primary objective of this research is to address these challenges by developing an enhanced lane-detection system. To achieve this, the study integrates advanced techniques, including semantic segmentation, edge detection, and deep learning, coupled with multi-sensor data fusion from cameras, LIDAR, and radar. By employing this methodology, the research examines various lane-detection methods and benchmarks the proposed model against existing systems in terms of accuracy, specificity and processing speed. Initial findings demonstrate that the combination of semantic segmentation and multi-sensor fusion improves lane detection in real-time scenarios. The proposed model achieved a lane detection accuracy of 97.8%, a specificity of 99.28%, and an average processing time of 0.0047 seconds per epoch. This study not only addresses the limitations of existing lane detection systems but also offers insights into improving road safety for autonomous vehicles.