bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Marketing Capability, Operations Capability, Management Practices and Environmental Investment on Agro-Industrial Environmental Performance
Authors: Awatara I Gusti Putu Diva , Hamdani Anwar , Susila Linda Nur , Saryanti Endang
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the role of marketing capability, operations capability, management practices and environmental investment on the environmental performance of agro-industry companies. This research conducted a survey research on all employees of 120 agroindustry companies. The samples were selected with proportionate stratified random sampling based on management level of the companies. The data were compiled from questionnaires and field observations. After the validity and reliability test, a set of classical assumptions were undergone to determine the variable relations, along with the hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression, t test and F test. The results of this study indicate that marketing capability, operations capability, management practices, and environmental investments have effects on environmental performance.
Upregulation of Glutamate Transporter 1 by Clavulanic Acid Administration and Attenuation of Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Neuropathic Rats
Authors:   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Amin Bahareh , Avaznia Mahmoud ,   Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Noorani Reihaneh ,   Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Mehri Soghra ,   Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Hosseinzadeh Hossein ,   Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Clavulanic acid (CLAV) is structurally similar to ceftriaxone, a potent stimulator of glial GlutamateTransporter-1 (GLT-1) expression. The present study aims at exploring the anti-nociceptive effects of CLAV, a beta-lactamase inhibitor in rats underwent sciatic nerve Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Methods: CLAV (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally after the surgery for 14 consecutive days. Behavioral pain parameters were evaluated before and 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after injury. Spinal GLT-1 level was measured via western blotting at days 7 and 14. Results: CCI led to mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia which started on postoperative days 3 and continued until the end of study. We found that CLAV (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) significantly attenuated all pain related behaviors as compared to the CCI animals treated with normal saline. Protein level of GLT-1 was down-regulated on day 14 following CCI and this phenomenon was reversed by fourteen days treatment of CLAV at the low doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that CLAV might provide a new therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain and its effect might be partially associated with the up-regulation of GLT-1.
Effect of a Quality of Life Education Program on Psychological Well-Being and Adherence to Treatment of Diabetic Patients
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran, Jahan Faezeh , Nematolahi Saeed ,   Master of Clinical Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease with fatal health complications. Identifying the psychological factors that control this disease is very important, one of which is quality of life (QOL). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a QOL education program on psychological well-being (PWB) and adherence to treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is a pilot study with a quasi-experimental design based on pretest and posttest phases. The statistical population consists of all diabetic patients referred to health centers in Semnan City, Iran during the 6months from March to September 2018.Of them,30 type 2 diabetes, aged 30-60 years (male and female) were selected based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. They were first assessed by using Hayes’s general adherence scale (GAS) and Ryff’s psychological well-being scale the short form (PWBS-SF).Then, the intervention group received QOL education in 12 sessions, once per week each for 90 min. Then, posttest assessments were carried out. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA. Results: The QOL education program significantly increased adherence to treatment (P= 0.005) and PWV and all its dimensions (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, be purposeful in life, self-acceptance) in patients (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Since diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that need constant care and there is no definitive and immediate treatment for it, increasing PWB and adherence to treatment in patients to control this disease by QOL education can be very effective.
Comparing the Effect of Face-To-Face Education and E-learning on the Physical Activity of the Elderly
Authors:   PhD Candidate in Gerontology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran, Papi Shahab , Abolfathi Momtaz Yadollah ,   Associate Professor, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (My Ageing), University Putra Malaysia, Foroughan Mahshid ,   Professor, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi Farahnaz ,   Professor, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Araban Marzieh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Ramezani Tahereh ,   PhD. Candidate in Gerontology, Iranian Research Center of Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Regular physical activity is very effective in preventing or delaying chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of face-to-face education and e-learning methods on the physical activity of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Karaj, Iran in 2018. The participants were 88 elderly people referred to a senior rehab center and then were assigned into three groups of face-to-face education (n=30), e-learning (n=28), and control (n=30).The study data were collected by a demographic form and the 41-item community healthy activities program for seniors questionnaire (CHAMPS) before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Face-to-face education and e-learning were presented to the two educational groups’ during eight 20-minute sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, the Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at0.05. Results: Between the two educational groups, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of physical activity at three measurement phases (P = 0.001).The effect size was 0.61 for face-to-face education and 0.64 for e-learning. Based on the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test, there was no significant difference between e-learning and face-to-face education groups. Conclusion: Both face-to-face and e-learning methods were effective in promoting the physical activity behavior of the elderly. E-learning method can be used as one of the complementary methods of traditional education for improving the physical activity of the elderly.
An Automatic Method for Interest Point Detection
Authors: Zubov I. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Computer vision systems are finding widespread application in various life domains. Monocularcamera based systems can be used to solve a wide range of problems. The availability of digital cameras and large sets of annotated data, as well as the power of modern computing technologies, render monocular image analysis a dynamically developing direction in the field of machine vision. In order for any computer vision system to describe objects and predict their actions in the physical space of a scene, the image under analysis should be interpreted from the standpoint of the basic 3D scene. This can be achieved by analysing a rigid object as a set of mutually arranged parts, which represents a powerful framework for reasoning about physical interaction.

Objective. Development of an automatic method for detecting interest points of an object in an image.

Materials and methods. An automatic method for identifying interest points of vehicles, such as license plates, in an image is proposed. This method allows localization of interest points by analysing the inner layers of convolutional neural networks trained for the classification of images and detection of objects in an image. The proposed method allows identification of interest points without incurring additional costs of data annotation and training.

Results. The conducted experiments confirmed the correctness of the proposed method in identifying interest points. Thus, the accuracy of identifying a point on a license plate achieved 97%.

Conclusion. A new method for detecting interest points of an object by analysing the inner layers of convolutional neural networks is proposed. This method provides an accuracy similar to or exceeding that of other modern methods.
Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression Modeling of Tuberculosis Cases with Distribution Evaluation
Authors: Nisa Choirun , Nur Aidi Muhammad , Sumertajaya I Made
Published: December 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the top 10 causes of death in the world. Central Java is included as one of the three provinces with highest number of TB cases in Indonesia. End the TB epidemic by 2030 is the final goal of Sustainability Development Goal and Indonesia has set target for TB elimination by 2035. The number of TB cases is non-negative count data. The distribution pattern of the count data needs to be noticed in order to produce valid analysis. Based on calculation of the VMR (Variance Mean Ratio) value and suitability test, the data on the number of TB cases follows negative binomial distribution. The infection of TB disease tends to be clumped and is affected by geographical factors (environmental, social, and economic). This study aims to determine factors that affecting TB cases through Geographic Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) model approach which considering spatial aspects. Based on the ratio of AIC and BIC value, GWNBR model with an adaptive gaussian kernel weighting gives the best results. The affecting factors are the number of hospitals , the percentage of population with good water access , the population density , the percentage of household with a distance of drinking water sources and feces septic tank less than 10 meters.
File Based System-Authentication in Scripting Language of Web Based Development
Authors: Ahmad Danial Kafi , Ahmad. Mariam Farida
Published: December 2020

Web Based system were used widely across all regions. This shows the importance of the system in performing important tasks by means of automation. However, the nature of the Web Based system where by its connected via Commercial Interconnected Network (Internet) had caused the system’s data to exposed to possible harmful threats in within the network. Therefore, it is vital to deploy a mechanism that could reduce the possibility of attacks from the threats, and one of it is the system authentication. This had shown that the authentication concept is vital and a good understanding of it is necessary. This could be done by study variety of authentication mechanism regardless of their efficiency. In this research experiment, a light authentication mechanism of login module were developed and were integrated with the File based system of Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) of scripting language and does not involved any Database system in the authentication.
Online Agricultural Extension Based on Internet Communication Principles
Authors: Gichuki Dennis Karugu , Wechuli Alice Nambiro
Published: December 2020

The important role agricultural growth plays in mitigating poverty, economic growth stimulation as well as development in emerging economies like Kenya cannot be over stated. Available literature shows that agriculture is a key driver of economic growth and development strategies in attaining sustainable poverty reduction. ICT acts as an enabler when addressing food security with such factors as legal framework, policy, knowledge, markets, technology, and research among others. Information and skills gaps have kept most subsistence farming systems to much less productive and lucrative than they could be. Further, extension services are always often faced with the problem of underfunding, weak link between farmers and agricultural research agencies as well as lack acceptable contact to farmers. The problem is exacerbated by lack of coordination along the agricultural value chain from farm inputs to food processing, which increases the cost of production and lowers farmers’ revenue. The aim of this paper is to investigate the perception stakeholders in agricultural value chain have on online agricultural extension services as well as the challenges associated with the same.
Electrical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Htwe San San
Published: December 2020

This In the research paper analyses structural, morphological, compositional properties, optical properties and energy band gap of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized using zinc acetate dehydrate and NaOH using precipitation method reported. The synthesized nanoparticles analyze using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV- Vis Spectroscopy. Synthesized nanoparticles can be utilized as building materials in fabrication of various personal care products and optoelectronic devices including solar cells, LED’s etc.
Bireylerin COVID-19 Sürecinde Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerindeki Değişimin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜNLÜ Hüseyin , ÖZTÜRK Barışcan , AKTAŞ Özgür , BÜYÜKTAŞ Bilgihan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma; bireylerin COVID-19 pandemi öncesinde ve pandemi sırasındaki fiziksel aktivite durumlarını karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde yaşayan, 18 yaşından büyük olan ve vücut kitle indeks ortalamaları 22,86±3,69 olan 413 kadın, 457 erkek toplamda 870 birey oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada bireylerin fiziksel aktivite durumlarını tespit etmek amacıyla ‘’Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi’’ (IPAQ) kullanılmıştır. Bireylerin anket sonuçlarını cinsiyet, pandemi öncesi ve pandemi sırası değişkenleriyle karşılaştırmak için SPSS istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test sonuçlarına göre verilerin normal dağılmadığı tespit edilmiş ve nonparametrik testlerden olan Mann Whitney U ve Wilcoxon testleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada anlamlılık düzeyi (p)<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bireylerin pandemi öncesi ve sırasındaki fiziksel aktivite toplam ve alt parametreleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Cinsiyete göre pandemi öncesi fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri erkek bireyler lehine anlamlı bulunurken (p<0.05), pandemi sırasında cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak bireylerin pandemi sırasında pandemi öncesine göre fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinde anlamlı bir şekilde düşüş tespit edilmiştir.
Analisis Penyerapan Anggaran Pada Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah Pada Dinas Pertanian Dan Pangan Kabupaten Magelang Tahun 2019
Authors: Khasanah Nur , Priyono Nuwun
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyerapan anggaran pada satuan kerja pemerintah daerah (SKPD) di Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskritif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan rata-rata tingkat efektifitas serapan anggaran Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Magelang tahun 2019 sebesar 73,75% yang memiliki kriteria kurang efektifitas, sedangkan tingkat efisiensi anggaran belanja tidak langsung Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Magelang sudah sangat bagus, dilihat dari tingkat efisiensi sebesar 27,73% maka dikatakan sangat efisien.
CONCEPT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS OF ELEVATORS FACILITIES IN THE CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Daleka V. , Kaylyk E. , Pylypenko I.
Published: December 2020

The concept of management the technical condition of fixed assets of the elevators facilities are considered. This concept summarizes the technical and economic measures for reliability and provides the ability to make decisions for improve the level of efficiency at all stages of their life cycle.
According to the normative values of separate elements technical resources of fixed assets allocate separate groups which are subject to replacement in 10, 15 and 20 years. This allows to systematize the periodicity of technical impacts and optimize decisions on the further use of elevators facilities fixed assets before reaching the normative 25 years. That is to solve questions of expediency further use: repairing with prolongation of operation period, full modernization, renewal or utilization.
The target function are considered in the article. This target function include costs of maintenance and scheduled and unscheduled repairs.
According to the target function, the total cost of maintenance and repair of elevator fixed assets should be within the established minimum-expediency costs while ensuring the appropriate quality and available or practically possible resources.
The decision of questions of renewal, prolongation of operation period by repairs or modernization of fixed assets conducted with account available volumes of financing, a level of a technical condition and service life.
Modernization of elevator facilities fixed assets is the perspective way to bring the elevator’s industry from the crisis. During modernization of elevators the costs are reduced by 25-30% as opposed to replacement a new elevator.
The economic, social and technical factors, wich needed for modernization the elevator facilities fixed assets are systematized.
Deciding on the need to modernization the elevator fixed assets in the work is recommended to take into account two criterias of expediency. The first criteria of expediency of modernization is determined by the purpose of improvement quality rendering of services at the initiative of owners of elevators, consumers of services, etc. The second criteria of economic feasibility of modernization shows the difference in the cost of providing services to home tenats of basic and modernized fixed assets. The calculations shown that during the modernization of the base elevator, unlike the buying of a new one, it is possible to achieve in the cities of Ukraine an annual economic effect of more than 200 thousand UAH.
APPLICATION OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FACTORS OF LOGISTICS SERVICES MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors: Hrynchak N.
Published: December 2020

The study identifies and substantiates the main factors influencing the development of the market of logistics services in Ukraine through factor analysis by the method of main components. The application of the method of factor analysis to assess the development of the market of logistics services is based on the assumption that the indicators of different blocks are only indicators of certain existing market characteristics that are not directly measured. 9 indicators were selected for the study: wholesale turnover of enterprises, retail trade turnover, volume of exports of goods, volume of imports of goods, hryvnia devaluation index against the US dollar, rail freight index, consumer price index for transport, consumer price index for fuel and lubricants, consumer price index for transport services.
Bartlett’s sphericity criterion and the calculation of the adequacy of the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin sample were used for the study. It was found that the largest variance has such components as price indices for transport, fuels and lubricants, the volume of foreign and domestic (wholesale and retail) trade, which total 83.1%. The analysis of factors according to the received calculations is made.A study of factor analysis of the development of the market of logistics services showed that the segment of freight and warehousing logistics is not significantly affected by indicators combined in the component that characterized the price indices for transport, transport services, etc., is changes in domestic and foreign trade are greater impact on changes in the volume of these segments, regardless of changes in prices for services and related goods in the market of logistics services.
The selection of factors according to the proposed method allows to determine their influence, but does not fully clarify the mechanism of influence, so the direction of further research should be to identify hidden variables that determine the presence of statistical correlations.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Key micro-RNAs and mRNAs under the Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Virus Infection
Authors: LIN SHENG , YANG LIU , WANG SHIBIAO , WENG BIN , LIN MIN
Published: December 2020

To clarify crucial key micro-RNAs and mRNAs associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) virus infection, we conducted this bioinformatics analysis from four GEO datasets. The following datasets were used for the analysis: GSE85829, GSE94551, GSE52780, and GSE45589. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, and the analysis of functional and pathway enrichment and the relative regulatory network were conducted. After screening common differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), five key miRNAs were acquired: miR-100-3p, miR-125a-3p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-5585-3p, and miR-671-5p. There were three common enriched GO terms between miRNA-derived prediction and mRNA-derived analysis: biosynthetic process, cytosol, and nucleoplasm. There was one common KEGG pathway, i.e., cell cycle shared between miRNA-based and mRNA-based enrichment. Using TarBase V8 in DIANA tools, we acquired 1,520 potential targets (mRNA) from the five key DE-miRNAs, among which the159 DE-mRNAs also included 11 DEGs. These common DEGs showed a PPI network mainly connected by SMC1A, SMARCC1, SF3B3, LIG1, and BRMS1L. Together, changes in five key miRNAs and 11 key mRNAs may play crucial roles in HFMD progression. A combination of these roles may benefit the early diagnosis and treatment of HFMD.
Climate change: myths and reality.
Authors:   Institute of natural and technical systems, Polonsky A.B.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this book is to answer in an accessible form the main questions related to one of the key civilizational problems of our time – the problem of climate change. To answer these questions, we have used facts and information generally accepted in the professional community, the validity of which does not cause serious doubts among the vast majority of specialists. Considerable attention is paid to the discussion of the relative role of natural and anthropogenic factors in shaping the observed variability of the climate system. The paper assesses the effectiveness of international efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions and the adaptation strategy to minimize the negative effects of climate change. It is addressed not only to narrow specialists in the field of Earth Sciences, but also to a wider range of readers, including students of higher educational institutions.
Pajak Penghasilan Pada Subjek Penghasilan Di Bawah Umur Melalui Media Sosial
Authors: Sari Dewi Retno
Published: December 2020

The unregulated income tax for underage tax subjects who use social media in Indonesia needs attention from the government. The increasing number of social media users by underage tax subjects who currently do not receive supervision. The self-assessment-based income tax collection system is also an obstacle to this problem. In the study in this article using the socio-legal research method which examines the limitations of legal sources. Normative aspects and often legal issues are related to social and political contexts in empirical aspects. The findings from this study required policy formulation: mapping data on underage tax subjects with income generation using social media content, collaborating with various related parties and conducting a review of the income tax collection system.
Колективне почуття власності щодо власної країни і міжнаціональна напруженість: джерело конфронтації чи фактор єдності
Authors: Gubeladze Iryna
Published: December 2020

Актуальність статті зумовлена можливістю загострення міжнаціональної напруженості і посилення різновекторності зовнішньополітичних орієнтацій України, де поряд з українською етнічною більшістю є доволі великі інші етнічні спільноти. Така загроза може бути тісно пов’язана з актуалізацією національної ідентичності і колективного почуття власності в умовах несформованості єдиної національної ідеї.

Метою статті був аналіз феномену колективного почуття власності щодо своєї країни як чинника внутрішньогрупової згуртованості громадян та посилення міжнаціонального (міжетнічного) протистояння всередині держави. У контексті психології понять «ми» і «наше» показано, що колективне почуття власності перебуває в стані інтерактивної динаміки. Обґрунтовано структуру колективного почуття власності щодо країни та чинники його формування. Визначено соціально-психологічні детермінанти формування, актуалізації чи деактуалізації колективного почуття власності щодо своєї країни, підтверджено його тісний взаємозв’язок з рівнем сформованості і проявом громадянської ідентичності.

На основі результатів роботи міжнаціональних фокус-груп, учасниками яких стали магістранти та аспіранти з Норвегії, Німеччини, України, Грузії, Латвії, визначено, що високий рівень наднаціональної (у цьому випадку – європейської) ідентичності формується за умови стабільного національного розвитку, відчуття громадянами безпеки щодо цілісності країни і сформованої громадянської ідентичності. Громадяни країн, які відчувають загрозу втрати територій або реально переживають такі події (Грузія, Україна), натомість демонструють високий рівень актуалізації колективного почуття власності щодо своєї країни, готовності її захищати, відстоювати її національні ідентитети, такі як мова, символіка, традиції тощо. Показано, що актуалізоване колективне почуття власності щодо країни, з одного боку, може бути джерелом єднання однодумців, які утворюють інгрупу всередині країни, з другого – воно може посилювати протистояння як усередині країни (за умови несформованості громадянської ідентичності та спільної національної ідеї), так і з представниками інших країн на міжнародній арені.

Практична значущість дослідження полягає в можливості використання його результатів для розроблення програм формування відповідального громадянства на основі розвитку та актуалізації колективного почуття власності.
Стигматизація осіб із COVID-19 в умовах поширення пандемії коронавірусу: соціально-психологічний аспект
Authors: Korobka Larysa
Published: December 2020

Актуальність дослідження визначається необхідністю поглиблення соціально-психологічних уявлень про процеси стигматизації в умовах поширення пандемії COVID-19 та пошуку ефективних соціально-психологічних технологій запобігання стигматизації, долання упереджень, підвищення толерантності населення та психологічної підтримки вразливих осіб, груп, меншин у різних суспільних середовищах.

Метою статті є аналіз проблеми стигматизації осіб із COVID-19 на тлі поширення пандемії коронавірусу та визначення основних напрямів соціально-психологічної роботи із запобігання стигматизації. Показано, що стигматизація на тлі поширення COVID-19 зумовлюється браком інформації про цю хворобу, внаслідок чого у людей виникають страхи і тривоги перед невідомим та неконтрольованим, що призводить до різноманітних конспірологічних пояснень причин виникнення і поширення цієї хвороби. Такі пояснення спотворюють реальний стан справ, а їх поширення негативно відбивається на настроях та поведінці людей, спричинює виникнення упереджень і стигматизації, негативно впливає на соціальну згуртованість як одну з умов ефективності боротьби із цією хворобою.

Представлено результати дослідження обізнаності людей про наявні в суспільстві упередження щодо осіб із COVID-19, згоди з цими упередженнями та застосування їх до себе як основи стигматизації та самостигматизації. Показано, що страхи і переживання, пов’язані з коронавірусною хворобою, призводять до виникнення упереджень, які, у свою чергу, виконують функцію раціоналізації, виправдання негативних почуттів і негативного поводження з особами, які стигматизуються. Хоча в основі цих упереджень лежать сильні негативні емоції, вони водночас є радше завуальованими, прихованими, адже відкрите їх вираження все ж є соціально неприйнятним.

Перспективи практичного застосування результатів дослідження пов’язані з розробленням соціально-психологічних засобів привернення уваги спільноти до проблеми стигматизації через науково обґрунтоване соціально-психологічне інформування, виявлення та послаблення упереджень щодо певних стигматизовуваних груп, посилення індивідуальної і колективної рефлексивності та підвищення толерантності в суспільстві.
Clinical profile of first 100 cases of COVID-19 in a COVID-dedicated hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Nandita , Azad Nazim Al , Parveen Rahnuma , Saha Tarun Kumar , Haque Monjurul , Deb Sudip Ranjan , Haque Ahsanul , Barman Tusher Kumar , Matin Muhammad Hasanat Al , Bhuyian Rokanuzzaman , Afrin Sadiya , Yesmin Rubina
Published: December 2020

Background: The novel corona virus has been identified as the cause of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, since December, 2019. It has spread almost all the countries and areas (212) in world. Due to distinct demographics of infection, variation of case fatality and clinical presentation in different countries, the knowledge of demographic distribution and analysis of clinical profile from this study would help for patient management of COVID-19 till the invention of specific drug and vaccines. We aimed to analyze the clinical profile of fist 100 cases of COVID-19 admitted in a teaching hospital.

Methods: In this observational study, RT-PCR confirmed first 100 hospitalized COVID-19 cases, admitted in Mugda Medical College Hospital were included. With well informed consent, a structured questionnaire was fulfilled during the time of hospital stay. Data were analyzed with clinical outcome, hospital stay, clinical staging and comorbidity of admitted patient from 20th March to 10th April.

Results: Among the total participants, male were predominate (59%). Age groups were ranging from 9 to 80 years and mean age was 43 years. Common symptoms were fever (91%), cough (33%), dyspnea (41%), sore throat (12%), diarrhea (12%) and myalgia (2%). Mild cases (53%) were common, followed by moderate (31%), severe (13%) and critical (3%). Average hospital stay was 11 days. Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (21%), hypertension (17%), chronic kidney disease (11%), bronchial asthma (8%), stroke (3%) and ischaemic heart disease (2%).

Conclusion: Distinct demographic presentation with age variability, clinical presentation with variable fatality in different countries may help the further steps taken by the policymaker of low resource country for the prevention of infection and management of COVID-19.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 18-22
Characteristics of suspected COVID-19 patients admitted with non-COVID illness in department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Afsana Faria , Parvez Abdullah Al , Nahar Jubaida , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Hossain Kazi Nazmul , Rouf Rushda Sharmin Binte , Shefin Sultana Marufa , Amin Mohammad Feroz , Ashrafuzzaman SM , Pathan Md Faruque
Published: December 2020

Background: Since March 2019 the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Bangladesh. There is variable presentation of COVID-19. Though SARS-CoV-2 primarily involves respiratory system, as time passing on it is evident that it can affect any other system including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neurological system. This study described the characteristics of the patients admitted in Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital with non-COVID illness and later revealed positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: This observational study was conducted during the period of 13th April to 14thOctober, 2020.Data of all patients admitted in Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital during this period was retractedretrospectively from hospital electronic medical records with prior permission from institutional head. Though admitted for non-COVID illness, patientshavingsymptoms or supportive lab investigations of COVID- 19 were advised RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. All hospital records of these suspected COVID-19 cases wererecoded and analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Results:Total patients were 63. Among them 21(33.3%) patients were admitted with uncontrolled diabetes (DM),19(30.2%) had other endocrinopathies(later query revealed history of fever),8(9.5%) had newly detected DM,11(7.5%)had hypoglycemia,6(9.6%) had general weakness. Though all study subjects were advised to do RT-PCR for COVID, 22(34.9%) refused the test either due to symptom denial or due to cost of the test and 24(38.1%) become positive.

Conclusion: Non-critically ill COVID-19 patients had variable clinical characteristics. This study shows that uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, newly detected diabetes and hypoglycemia are found in patients with COVID- 19 and may not have typical clinical features.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 29-32
“Is surgery delayed surgery denied?”- How we managed hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeries among Bangladeshi patients during COVID-19 era
Authors: Rabbi Hashim , Rashid Md Mamunur , Ahmed AHM Tanvir , Hakim HA Nazmul , Chowdhury Ajmal Quader , Islam Aminul , Hassan Md Rafiqul , Imtiaz Md Shafayet , Sarder Mahmud Mohammad , Arefin Mirza Shamsul , Ali Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease entity caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV-2). Although it is not a surgical disease, it significantly influences the management of surgical illness in many ways. Delaying the surgery may be considered as denying the treatment. Authorities all over the world formulated different guidelines and recommendations. Considering current pandemic situation and our patients, we are performing surgeries following our hospital and departmental protocol. Delaying the surgery may negate the treatment and may influence the overall outcome that seem like justice delayed justice denied.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we observed different management approaches to 100 Bangladeshi individuals with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgical disorders from April 2020 to September 2020, in BIRDEM General Hospital and other hospitals of Dhaka. Patients were thoroughly screened, evaluated and prepared to plan the appropriate management strategy. They were triaged according to presentation and were managed accordingly. Patients consented were only enrolled in this study.

Results: The study includes 100 consecutive patients between ages of 21 and 70 years, of them, 77 patients were 4th and 6th decade and only 11 patients (11%) were in 3rd decade of life. Highest 28 patients (28%) were in between 40-49 years and 26 patients in 50-59 years age group. We found 48 patients (48 %) were male and 52 patients (52%) were female. Study showed a slight female predominance and presented at an earlier age than male. The pandemic has created a panic in the society, we were getting less number of patients for HPB surgery in March. Since the end of April 2020 onwards and from July, August and September we have performed 39 surgeries.

Conclusion: This article is based on real-time experiences of Hepato-biliary-Pancreatic surgery department of BIRDEM General Hospital and BRB hospitals, Dhaka by the same surgical team. Our experience with COVID-19 positive surgical patients is not gratifying. Modern imaging techniques ensure early detection with better understanding of magnitude of disease, which is essential for proper treatment planning.. Both elective and emergency surgeries can be performed safely with proper precautions. Patients with bridging procedures responded well to planed definitive management. Strategies like neoadjuvant therapy and endotherapies for planned definitive surgical care ensures promising results. Postoperative pneumonia in COVID-19 detected patients is a challenging complication. Optimal management strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach for successful outcome.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 63-70
Infection prevention and control in health care settings during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Barai Lovely
Published: December 2020

Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are of critical importance in protecting the frontline healthcare providers in the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and keep the healthcare services functioning. Healthcare facilities should apply strict IPC measures to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to their staff and other patients. The backbones of IPC in healthcare facilities are administrative measures, physical distancing, hand hygiene and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment. All healthcare workers working in any type of healthcare settings must have proper knowledge of IPC. Rational, correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment according to level of exposure to patients decreases the transmission of pathogens and protects the frontline fighters. Cleaning and disinfection procedures of environmental surfaces, medical devices and equipments, laundry etc must be done correctly and consistently. Administrative authority should provide logistic support, arrange training for health care personnel and monitor their compliance to IPC practices. As there is still no definite treatment of this disease, comprehensive IPC programmes are the only hope to control this pandemic.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 81-92
Possible re-infection of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by dengue virus co-infection: report of a rare case from Bangladesh
Authors: Wahiduzzaman Miah , Rahim Muhammad Abdur
Published: December 2020

Re-infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and co-infection by dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 are possible. We report a case of dengue haemorrhagic fever, occurring in a young Bangladeshi man, who concurrently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four months previously, he suffered a mild form of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This case is reported to make the physicians aware that, co-infections are possible in this COVID-19 pandemic, specially in dengue endemic regions and countries like Bangladesh.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 105-106
A case report on COVID-19 complicated with acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury and acute hepatitis
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Zaman Shahana
Published: December 2020

Outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is worse among elderly population, those with diabetes mellitus and other co-morbidities and such patients are prone to develop multiple complications. An elderly diabetic lady got admitted for acute myocardial infarction. Subsequent evaluation revealed a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2), acute kidney injury, acute hepatitis and sepsis. She was managed accordingly and her post-discharge follow-up was satisfactory.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 120-121
Liderazgo efectivo directivo y su incidencia en relaciones interpersonales docentes en Escuela José Mejía Lequerica
Authors: Parra Nancy , Silva Andrea
Published: December 2020

El liderazgo efectivo de los directivos juega un rol crítico dentro de las instituciones educativas, ya que es el factor predominante del cumplimiento de los estándares educativos, que ayuda a influenciar los modelos y las reformas que se deben ejecutar a fin de promover una educación de calidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar estrategias innovadoras de liderazgo efectivo que ayude a los directivos educativos a influir positivamente sobre las relaciones interpersonales de los docentes, con el fin de mejorar el clima laboral institucional. Para lo cual se utilizó un cuestionario tipo encuesta basadas en el liderazgo, que fueron tomadas del Manual de Evaluación de los estándares de calidad educativa del Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. Los resultados indicaron que dentro de la unidad educativa se ejercía 4 tipos de liderazgo que son autoritario coercitivo con el 50%, autoritario benevolente con 25%, consultivo 15% y participativo con el 10%. Concluyendo que La implementación de un plan de liderazgo efectivo ayudó a la comunidad educativa de la Escuela Fiscal José María Lequerica a mejorar el clima laboral aumentando las competencias, facilitando el desarrollo y la divulgación del proyecto educativo institucional en beneficio de la sociedad, promoviendo la calidad educativa y aumentando la eficiencia en la realización de sus procesos.
Plan de Formación Académica de los docentes y su influencia en la calidad de los servicios educativos
Authors: Alava Luis , Alvarado Jazmin
Published: December 2020

Las instituciones educativas siempre están en la búsqueda de la calidad en la prestación de sus servicios, por ello el objetivo general de la presente investigación es contribuir con el diseño de un plan de formación académica en los docentes para mejorar la calidad de los servicios educativos de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Jaime Roldós Aguilera. Para tal efecto, se llevó a cabo un riguroso proceso metodológico que incluye la exploración y descripción de una revisión bibliográfica, la aplicación de métodos científicos como el método histórico-lógico, y el método sintético-analítico, para resumir y sintetizar las diferentes teorías que influyen sobre la calidad de los servicios educativos. Para diagnosticar la situación particular del contexto seleccionado, fue necesario encuestar a 12 docentes del plantel intervenido para concluir preliminarmente que un eficiente plan de formación académica influye positivamente en mejorar la calidad de los servicios educativos que el plantel educativo pone a disposición de la comunidad y hacia esa meta están dirigidos los esfuerzos de esta investigación.
El Liderazgo Transformacional en la Gestión Educativa en la Unidad Educativa República de Francia de Guayaquil
Authors: Cavagnaro Carlos , Carvajal Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Los desafíos y cambios que enfrenta el contexto educativo actual convierten al liderazgo como una prioridad para las instituciones y educadores. La mayor parte de los centros educativos de América Latina han establecido el rol de los directivos esencialmente como administrativo y de gestión y no fomentan el liderazgo pedagógico.
Este trabajo investigativo tiene el propósito de analizar la influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la gestión educativa de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal República de Francia de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Guayaquil en el año 2020. El objetivo principal propone una estrategia de liderazgo transformacional que provea un cambio en la gestión educativa y visión de futuro a la institución. La investigación es de diseño no experimental y exploratorio bajo un enfoque mixto. Lo métodos teóricos aplicados son el de sistematización teórica y el histórico lógico; y como método empírico el de medición. La población y muestra está constituida por el directivo y los 50 docentes adscritos para el año escolar 2020-2021, como muestra censal de la población de la Unidad Educativa objeto de estudio. Para la recolección de datos de las variables, se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista virtual, con un guion de preguntas abiertas para el directivo y la encuesta con un cuestionario digital para los docentes, con la escala tipo Likert. El tratamiento estadístico utilizado en una matriz Excel generada por la herramienta Google Forms. Los resultados se analizaron en el nivel descriptivo-explicativo con enfoque mixto, cualitativo y cuantitativo para las variables en estudio. Los resultados permitieron sistematizar las conclusiones, recomendaciones y propuesta. Con el aporte de este artículo las instituciones educativas tienen un referente para promover cambios hacia un liderazgo transformacional en la gestión educativa en pro de mejorar la calidad educativa.
Self-perceived health, availability of medical care and health attitudes among rural population in Russia
Authors: Blinova T. V. , Vyalshina A. A. , Rusanovskiy V. A.
Published: December 2020

Health promotion, reduction of mortality and increase in life expectancy are among the national priorities in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to assess self-perceived health, availability of healthcare services and attitudes towards health among rural residents of Russia. Methods: This descriptive study is a part of the nationally representative population survey conducted by Rosstat in 2017 (n = 115 155). For the purpose of this study, a subsample of 65 046 individuals was taken with 11 063 of them being residents of rural areas. Results: A smaller proportion of rural respondents perceived their health as good (40.3 %) and very good (3.3 %) compared to their urban counterparts (47.7 % and 3.7 % respectively). Rural residents reported seeking medical care less often than urban residents, which is largely due to the low availability of medical services for the rural population. Residents of rural areas both free and fee-based medical care. The main reasons for using private clinics include lack of specialists or equipment at the rural polyclinics (35.4 %), long queues (28.3 %) and the remoteness of free medical care organizations (5.1 %). Rural residents were mostly dissatisfied with rising prices for medicines and the increased number of paid medical services. At the same time, rural residents were more satisfied with medical institutions than their urban counterparts. Conclusions: We observed substantial urban-rural variations in the availability of health care services. urban residents have greater demands on the quality and conditions for the provision of medical services, while rural residents are more concerned with the availability of medical care.