bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respostas pressóricas em mulheres normotensas treinadas adotando diferentes ordens de exercícios nas sessões de treinamento de força
Authors: Nicolau Heloise , Souza Fernando Silva de , Nasser Igor , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Corrêa Neto Victor Gonçalves , Miranda Humberto
Published: May 2017

Introdução: entre as diversas variáveis do treinamento de força (TF), a ordem dos exercícios provavelmente é uma das mais ignoradas pelos praticantes e treinadores na sua prescrição. Objetivo: investigar o efeito de diferentes ordens de exercícios nas respostas da pressão arterial (PA) após uma sessão de TF. Métodos: oito mulheres normotensas com experiência prévia em TF realizaram três protocolos distintos: SEQA foi adotado uma ordem de alternância dos segmentos; SEQB os exercícios foram realizados dos membros inferiores para os membros superiores; e SEQC a ordem foi oposta ao SEQB. Após o treinamento, os valores pressóricos (sistólico, diastólico e médio) foram analisados ao longo de 60 minutos a partir de um aparelho digital. Resultado: a sessão de TF não promoveu efeito hipotensivo pós esforço redução em nenhuma das diferentes ordens e não houve diferença significativa entre os protocolos. Conclusão: a ordem dos exercícios no TF não é uma variável que influencie na PA pós esforço.
Efeito da suplementação com ômega-3 associado à hidrocinesioterapia em idosos com osteoartrite de joelho: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Casanova Daiane Fontana , Santos Josiéli Tagliari , Martins César De Quadros , Siqueira Luciano De Oliveira , Younes Salua , Wibelinger Lia Mara , Pimentel Gilnei Lopes , Calegari Leonardo
Published: May 2017

Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) é causada por fatores mecânicos e inflamatórios que reduz a qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com ômega-3 associado à hidrocinesioterapia sobre a QV e o perfil inflamatório em idosos com OA de joelho. Metodologia: Dezesseis idosos com idade média 65±3,5 anos divididos em 2 grupos. Oito pacientes no Grupo Ômega-3 (GO) suplementado com 2g de ômega-3 por dia durante 30 dias e oito pacientes no Grupo Ômega-3 associado à hidrocinesioterapia (GOH). Foram avaliadas a proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-AS), velocidade de sedimentação globular (VSG) e questionário de QV (SF-36). Resultados: A associação do ômega-3 com a hidrocinesioterapia promoveu redução significativa (p=0,02) da PCR-AS e da VSG (p
Efeito da Ginástica Holística na postura de meninas de 10 a 12 anos
Authors: Niaradi Fernanda Dos Santos Lopes , Batista Cecilia Guarnieri
Published: May 2017

Introdução: Alterações posturais são um dos problemas que acometem meninas de 10 a 12 anos, e, um método de intervenção que pode ser utilizado nestes casos é a Ginástica Holística (GH). Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da GH na postura de meninas saudáveis de 10 a 12 anos. Método: Participaram 43 crianças do sexo feminino divididas em: 21 no grupo controle (GC) e 22 praticantes de Ginástica Holística no grupo experimental (GE), com 9 semanas de prática, uma vez por semana. A postura foi analisada através da fotogrametria (software SAPO). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que as participantes do GE apresentaram uma aproximação do padrão normal de verticalidade (p=0.01) e redução significativa na diferença do comprimento dos membros (p=0.02) após a intervenção. Conclusão: A GH mostrou-se um método eficaz na alteração de postura do grupo de meninas estudado.
Juliusz i Ethel – historia małżeństwa Rosenbergów w dramacie Leona Kruczkowskiego z 1954 roku. Elementy dyskursu antywojennego w literaturze polskiej we wczesnych latach 50.
Authors: Wieczorek Marcin
Published: May 2017

The text discusses the play about the last hours of life of the Rosenbergs titled Julius
and Ethel, the history of the trial, passing the sentence and the execution of Julius and Ethel
Rosenbergs carried out on June 19, 1953. Besides Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy’s
“witch-hunt”, this is the second most famous example of the American anti-communist
atmosphere of the early 1950s, which led to the crisis of the democratic order and its
institutions in the United States. The case took place at the beginning of the Cold War
division of the world and the nuclear arms race, which put the world on the brink of selfdestruction.
For the US radicals and the left-wing intellectuals, the Rosenbergs belonging to the US Communist Party are victims of the right-wing witch-hunt, creating anti-communist
atmosphere, however they are also perceived as patrons of antiwar movements, precursors of
the nuclear weapons opponents movement (the espionage, which they had never confessed
to was to concern passing secrets about the US nuclear weapons programs to the Russians).
For conservative America this will be a story about the efficiency of the legal, political
and moral system facing a real threat in the fight against communism – dangerous for the
entire civilized democratic world. How does the socialist realism work by Leon Kruczkowski appear against this background?
Użyteczna czy bezużyteczna? Bomba atomowa w twórczości Jacka Dukaja
Authors: Dawidowicz-Chymkowska Olga
Published: May 2017

The article discusses the way of functioning of an atomic bomb in Jacek Dukaj’s works.
A lot of attention is particularly paid to the analysis of the functions the A-bomb fulfils in this
writer’s contemporary novel – Xavras Wyżryn. It is indicated that Dukaj used mainly symbolic
power of atomic weapons in this work. The system of negative associations and emotions
relating to these weapons clashed with the Polish messianic tradition of struggle for independence,
which served as a basis for reflection on the issue of terrorism. In Dukaj’s novel,
an atomic bomb is not the part of a coherent futurological vision or the basis for a deeper
reflection concerning the civilization threats. In the writer’s later works, in which the
reflection is clearly present, nuclear weapons no longer play a significant role. The threats
presented are of different nature: they are connected with genetic, memetic or ecological
experiments. The example of Dukaj’s works – the way in which the atomic weapons are
present and absent in it – is a starting point for a hypothesis on the reduced attractiveness
of nuclear weapons as a motif of the fantasy literature. Although they still carry a huge
emotional load, at present the civilization concerns, which expressed themselves as the fear
of nuclear weapons – e.g. the fear of excessive power of the mankind, the fear of selfdestruction
or the changes taking place in the human species, to a great extent have shifted
elsewhere.
Postapokaliptyczna biopolityka. Mechanizmy biowładzy w postkatastroficznych światach wyobrażonych kultury popularnej
Authors: Nijakowski Lech M.
Published: May 2017

The article is devoted to biopolitics and forms of biopower in the post-apocalyptic
worlds created in the texts of popular culture. The author’s theses are based on the analysis
of 147 novels and short stories, as well as 246 films and series. The study describes the
types of threats to the communities of survivors, strategies for dealing with them and their
impact on the post-apocalyptic form of socialization. Although the analysis is not limited to
the nuclear apocalypse, it pays special attention to radioactivity as a “magic factor” used in
popular works. The author answers the question about what these thought experiments tell
us about collective consciousness and “subconscious” of the late modern risk societies.
Xibalbanus cozumelensis, a new species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Cozumel, Mexico, and a molecular phylogeny of Xibalbanus on the Yucatán Peninsula
Authors: Olesen Jørgen , Meland Kenneth , Glenner Henrik , Van Hengstum Peter J. , Iliffe Thomas M.
Published: May 2017

A new species belonging to the crustacean class Remipedia is described from an anchialine cave system on the island of Cozumel (Mexico), and is illustrated and compared morphologically and molecularly (CO1 and 16S) with closely related taxa. Xibalbanus cozumelensis sp. nov., the first remipede described from Cozumel, is morphologically similar to Xibalbanus tulumensis (Yager, 1987) from the Yucatán Peninsula, but the two species are genetically separate from each other (about 10% in CO1). A phylogenetic (Bayesian) analysis of Yucatán remipede populations based on CO1 and 16S placed them in a monophyletic Xibalbanus (in Xibalbanidae fam. nov.), with X. cozumelensis as most closely related to X. tulumensis. The Yucatán Peninsula and Cozumel have been separate since approx. early Cenozoic (~65 Ma), which suggests allopatric speciation for X. cozumelensis sp. nov. and X. tulumensis. However, the comparatively low genetic divergence between the two species may indicate that there has been gene flow between ‘mainland’ Yucatán and Cozumel long after the geological separation of the two landmasses, e.g., in cave systems under the sea bed, either continuously or sporadically, for example during the Last Glacial Maximum when the sea level was about 120 m lower than today.
PGPR Inoculated-Seed Increases the Productivity of Forage Sorghum under Fertilized Conditions
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Chattha  , Asif Iqbal  , Muhammad Umer Chattha  , Muhammad Umair Hassan  , Imran Khan  , Imran Ashraf  , Muhammad Faisal  , Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2017

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used for seed inoculation. This study was carried out to determine the influence of seed inoculation with PGPR and different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on the productivity and quality of fodder sorghum. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during, 2014. The experiment composed of N and P levels such as 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended doses ha-1 and seed inoculation with PGPR1 (Azotobacter brasilense+Pseudomonas fluorescens) and PGPR2 (Azotobacter chroococcum+Pseudomonas flurescens) with un-inoculated seeds as control. The results revealed that application of N and P, and seed inoculation appreciably increased the productivity and quality of sorghum. Maximum green fodder yield (63.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.51 t ha-1), crude protein (11.02%) and ash contents (8.97%) were recorded with recommended dose of NP. Regarding seed inoculation maximum green fodder yield (62.40 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.09 t ha-1), crude protein (10.59%) and ash contents (9.07%) were recorded with PGPR1. In conclusion, application of recommended dose of NP and seed inoculation with PGPR1 significantly improved the forage productivity and quality of sorghum.
The Effect of the Different Transgenic BT Cotton Technology on the Fiber Quality
Authors: Lubna Bashir Rajput  , Jinjie Cui  , Shuai Zhang  , Junyu Luo  , Chunvi Wang  , Limin Lv
Published: May 2017

Transgenic crops that contain Cry genes from B. thuringiensis (Bt) were commercialized in many countries and widely adopted by farmers over the last 17 years. The cultivation of transgenic crops expressing B. thuringiensis (Bt) toxins to control insect pests provides both economical and environmental benefits from reductions in chemical insecticide use, effective control of pests and minimal impact on non-target organisms. The objective of this research was to know the effect of different transgenic Bt cotton on the fiber quality of different Bt cotton varieties. Three transgenic Bt cotton varieties CCR141, CCRI79 and Bollgard II were planted in the field of Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2012 and 2013. Randomly 50 bolls lint sample were collected from top, middle and bottom of the cotton plants. The fiber obtained from the boll samples was used to measure the cotton fiber staple length (mm), staple elongation (%), staple micronaire value, staple strength (cN/tex) and staple uniformity (%) by using HVI equipment at Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of cotton Quality, China. The result shows that lint quality characters of transgenic cotton varieties were not significantly affected compared with conventional non Bt variety during 2012 and 2013 but fiber strength is significantly affected during 2013. In conclusion there was no effect of transgenic Bt cotton on the fiber quality of cotton during 2012 and 2013.
To Evaluate the Performance of Bread Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Seed Priming Duration
Authors: Mumtaz Ali Gadehi  , Shoaukat Ali Abro  , Arshad Ali Kaleri  , Behari Lal Menghwar  , Illahi Bux Bhatti  , Muhammad Chohan  , Sajid Hussain Kaleri  , Mukhtiar Hussain Mirjat
Published: May 2017

Seed priming has been found effective to affect seed dormancy and improve germination. During this experiment two wheat genotypes (TD-1 and Kiran-95) were evaluated against treatments based on 05 seed priming durations (P1=0 hr (control), P2=6 hrs, P3=9 hrs, P4=12 hrs and P5=18 hrs) in four replicated RCBD at Agronomy experimental fields, ARI Tandojam. The traits related to crop growth and yield regardless of genotypes were significantly affected by the seed priming durations; while treatment interaction was non-significant (P>0.05). TD-1 wheat genotype proved to be superior in grain yield and associated as well as in harvest index with maximum germination (69.05/m2), grain yield 4300.10 kg/ha and 50.99% harvest index as compared to genotype Kiran-95 with66.82/m2germination, grain yield 3784.20 kg/ha and 41.16% harvest index. Seed priming impact showed that 12 hrs seed priming was more effective than other durations with 76.933/m2 seed germination, 4654.40 kg/ha grain yield and 50.37% harvest index; while 18 hrs seed priming resulted in 69.82 m-2 seed germination, 4278.40 kg/ha grain yield and 46.08% harvest index. The crop sown under 9 or 6 hrs seed priming produced lower values for all the traits; while the control remained the least. It was concluded that seed priming practice has proved to be highly beneficial for all the traits studied including grain yield, and the seed soaked for 12 hrs showed better results with higher grain yield of 4654 kg ha-1 and 50.37% harvest index as compared to rest of seed priming durations and control; while increasing seed priming duration up to 18 hrs affected the crop traits adversely. In varieties, the dwarf variety TD-1 showed r higher grain yield of 4300.10 kg ha-1 than Kiran-95 (3705.30 kg ha-1).
Slægt, hygge, tid og sted: Familieperspektiver på overvægtsepidemien
Authors: Grøn Lone
Published: May 2017

Hvordan spredes overvægt? Kan man tale om, at noget smitter i overvægtsepidemien? Hvis man kan, hvad er det så, der smitter, og hvilke dynamikker kendetegner sådanne smitteprocesser? Det er nogle af de spørgsmål, jeg har undersøgt i et etnografisk feltarbejde udført blandt overvægtige familier i Danmark i 2001-2003 og i 2014-2015. Jeg undersøger familiernes erfaringer og refleksioner over overvægtsepidemien gennem tre begreber: 1. ’social smitte’ i familie- og slægtskabsrelationer og i den danske hygge, 2. ’kontaminering’ fra sted og tid og 3. ’konfiguration’ som det konkrete felt eller mønster af social smitte, kontaminering og andre forhold, som gør sig gældende i konkrete situationer, familier, tider og steder. Jeg foreslår ligeledes ’affektion’ som et fænomenologisk funderet bud på, hvordan vi kan forstå de kausale dynamikker i social smitte, kontaminering og konfiguration. Affektion er karakteriseret ved intersubjektivitet og ubestemthed frem for den afgrænsede individualitet og lineære kausalitet, der præger både energiubalance-modellen, livsstilsbegrebet samt de fleste interdisciplinære tilgange til overvægt.Kinship, “Hygge”, Time and Place. Family Perspectives on the Obesity Epidemic How does obesity spread? Does it make sense to talk about contagion in relation to the obesity epidemic? If so, what is contagion, and what dynamics characterize the processes of spread? These are some of the questions I explored in an ethnographic fieldwork among overweight families in Denmark in 2001-2003 and 2014-2015. I explore the families’ experiences and reflections in relation to the obesity epidemic through three notions: 1. ‘social contagion’ in family and kinship relations and Danish “hygge”, 2. ‘contamination’ from place and time and 3. ‘configuration’ as the concrete field or pattern of social contagion, contamination and other factors, which are pertinent to concrete situations, persons, families, times and places. In addition, I propose ‘affection’ as a phenomenological take on causal dynamics in social contagion, contamination and configuration. Affection is characterized by intersubjectivity and indeterminacy, contrary to the delineated individuality and a linear causality, which characterize both the energy expenditure model, the notion of lifestyle and most interdisciplinary approaches to obesity.
Alpha‐Tocopheryl Succinate‐Conjugated G5 PAMAM Dendrimer Enables Effective Inhibition of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wang Yunan , Shen Wenwen , Shi Xiangyang , Fu Fanfan , Fan Yu , Shen Wanli , Cao Yini , Zhang Qiang , Qi Rong
Published: May 2017

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory disease in colon, however, the therapeutic efficacy of the standard‐of‐care in clinic for UC patients is unsatisfactory. To explore new drugs for effective and safe treatment of UC, alpha‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS) is conjugated to generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer to construct a nanodevice of G5‐NH‐acetamide (Ac)‐TOS. The inhibitory effects of the G5‐NH‐Ac‐TOS on UC are evaluated in vivo in a dextran sulfate sodium induced UC mouse model, and its mechanisms are explored in vitro in lipopolysaccharide stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results indicate that the G5‐NH‐Ac‐TOS exhibits greater inhibitive effects on UC than free α‐TOS, through significant attenuation of the disease activity index and reduction of macrophage infiltration in the colon tissues. The protective mechanisms of the G5‐NH‐Ac‐TOS are revealed to be related to inhibition of expression of nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, phosphorylation of Akt, and reduction of reactive oxygen species production in the macrophages.
In Situ Observation of Single‐Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub‐25‐nm Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Li , Liu Yang , Han Wei‐Qiang , Huang Jian Yu , Mao Scott X.
Published: May 2017

Many lithium‐storage materials operate via first‐order phase transformations with slow kinetics largely restricted by the nucleation and growth of a new phase. Due to the energy penalties associated with interfaces between coexisting phases, the tendency for a single‐phase solid‐solution pathway with exceptional reaction kinetics has been predicted to increase with decreasing particle size. Unfortunately, phase evolutions inside such small particles (tens of nanometers) are often shrouded by electrode‐scale inhomogeneous reactions containing millions of particles, leading to intensive debate over the size‐dependent microscopic reaction mechanisms. This study provides a generally applicable methodology capable of tracking lithiation pathways in individual nanoparticles and unambiguously reveals that lithiation of anatase TiO2, previously long believed to be biphasic, converts to a single‐phase reaction when particle size reaches ≈25 nm. These results imply the prevalence of such a size‐dependent transition in lithiation mechanism among intercalation compounds and provide important guidelines for designing high‐power electrodes, especially cathodes.
Donor‐Stabilized Silylene/Phosphine‐Supported Carbon(0) Center with High Electron Density
Authors: Troadec Thibault , Wasano Tatsuya , Lenk Romaric , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Hashizume Daisuke , Saito Yosuke , Nakata Norio , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2017

An isolable donor‐stabilized silavinylidene phosphorane was synthesized. This molecule, which can also be regarded as a new carbon(0) complex featuring a phosphine and a donor‐stabilized silylene ligand, presents a central carbon atom with a remarkably high electron density (−1.82). Furthermore, the experimental electron‐density study of this compound demonstrates the delocalization of the σ‐lone pair at the central carbon atom toward the silicon center, a feature which is remarkably different from electronic situation of other bent‐allene‐type molecules. This result clearly demonstrates the powerful electron‐donating ability of donor‐stabilized silylene ligands, as well as their excellent electron‐acceptor properties.
Modeling and closed‐loop control of particle size and initial burst of PLGA biodegradable nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Baghaei Bahareh , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Rezaee Babak , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Mohammadi Yousef
Published: May 2017

An in‐house computer code based on artificial intelligence has been developed and applied in modeling and closed‐loop optimization of release behavior of Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable particles. A series of micro‐ and nanoparticles were prepared via water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion to be loaded with albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate as a typical drug. The interrelationship between input variables (molecular weight of polymer and stabilizer, polymer concentration, and sonication rate) and outputs (PLGA particle size and percentage of initial burst) was uncovered with the aid of artificial neural network modeling. The regression analysis confirmed acceptable correlation coefficients for the aforementioned responses, where the PLGA molecular weight played the most important role among the studied variables. Input variables needed to minimize PLGA size and PLGA initial burst were then obtained via multiobjective optimization performed by a genetic algorithm. PLGA nanoparticles were checked for particle size and particle size distribution using scanning electron micrographs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45145.
Atypical perception in autism: A failure of perceptual specialization?
Authors: Hadad Bat Sheva , Goldstein Eugenia K. , Russo Natalie N.
Published: May 2017

We examined whether reduced perceptual specialization underlies atypical perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) testing classifications of stimuli that differ either along integral dimensions (prototypical integral dimensions of value and chroma), or along separable dimensions (prototypical separable dimensions of value and size). Current models of the perception of individuals with an ASD would suggest that on these tasks, individuals with ASD would be as, or more, likely to process dimensions as separable, regardless of whether they represented separable or integrated dimensions. In contrast, reduced specialization would propose that individuals with ASD would respond in a more integral manner to stimuli that differ along separable dimensions, and at the same time, respond in a more separable manner to stimuli that differ along integral dimensions. A group of nineteen adults diagnosed with high functioning ASD and seventeen typically developing participants of similar age and IQ, were tested on speeded and restricted classifications tasks. Consistent with the reduced specialization account, results show that individuals with ASD do not always respond more analytically than typically developed (TD) observers: Dimensions identified as integral for TD individuals evoke less integral responding in individuals with ASD, while those identified as separable evoke less analytic responding. These results suggest that perceptual representations are more broadly tuned and more flexibly represented in ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1510–1522. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Financial analyses of potential biojet fuel production technologies
Authors: Pereira Lucas G. , MacLean Heather L. , Saville Brad A.
Published: May 2017

Bio‐based jet fuels are projected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to play a major role in meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Recent literature has identified promising pathways for biojet fuel production, including several pathways approved by the ASTM International. Despite the importance of this topic, only a few studies have examined the financial metrics of biojet production, and different assumptions make it difficult to compare results. This paper evaluates and compares the financial viability of six key biojet fuel production pathways using appropriate biomass feedstocks. The pathways were analyzed from a technical and financial perspective, utilizing a common discounted cash flow approach and Monte Carlo analysis, considering internal (e.g. scale‐up to commercial scale) and external (e.g. oil price) uncertainties. The hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids technology with oil feedstock had the most promising financial results, with an internal rate of return of over 26% and a 70% probability of exceeding the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR = 15%) even under the most pessimistic scenario. The next most attractive pathway was catalytic hydrothermolysis, which had favorable financial performance, but only under a scenario that assumed an oil price range of $93 to $140 per barrel. Pyrolysis and gasification with Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis presented high financial risk under an oil price range of $50 to $93 per barrel and low technical development scenarios, whereas the alcohol‐to‐jet and direct‐fermentation‐to‐jet technologies were found to be unlikely to achieve the MARR for any of the scenarios. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Adolescent moral judgement: A study of UK secondary school pupils
Authors: Walker David Ian , Thoma Stephen J. , Jones Chantel , Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: May 2017

Despite a recent world‐wide upsurge of academic interest in moral and character education, little is known about pupils’ character development in schools, especially in the UK context. The authors used a version of the Intermediate Concept Measure for Adolescents, involving dilemmas, to assess an important component of character—moral judgement—among 4053 pupils aged 14–15. Data were generated in 33 UK schools of varying types between February 2013 and June 2014. Results showed that compared with US samples, the pupils’ scores were, on average, low, suggestive of tendencies towards ‘self‐interest’, ‘not getting involved’ and ‘conformity/loyalty to friends’. Judgements varied by subscales assessing ‘action’ and ‘justification’ choices; pupils more successfully identified good actions than good justifications, but generally struggled more to successfully identify poor actions and poor justifications. Highest scores were for a dilemma emphasising ‘self‐discipline’ and lowest for ‘honesty’, with ‘courage’ in between. Overall average results were significantly and positively associated with being female, having (and practising) a religion and doing specific extra‐curricular activities. Differences in schools were also noted, although the kinds of school (e.g. public/private, religious/secular) were unrelated to student scores.
Active‐Site His85 of Pasteurella dagmatis Sialyltransferase Facilitates Productive Sialyl Transfer and So Prevents Futile Hydrolysis of CMP‐Neu5Ac
Authors: Schmölzer Katharina , Eibinger Manuel , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: May 2017

Sialyltransferases of the GT‐80 glycosyltransferase family are considered multifunctional because of the array of activities detected. They exhibit glycosyl transfer, trans‐sialylation, and hydrolysis activities. How these enzymes utilize their active‐site residues in balancing the different enzymatic activities is not well understood. In this study of Pasteurella dagmatis α2,3sialyltransferase, we show that the conserved His85 controls efficiency and selectivity of the sialyl transfer. A His85→Asn variant was 200 times less efficient than wild‐type for sialylation of lactose, and exhibited relaxed site selectivity to form not only the α2,3‐ but also the α2,6‐sialylated product (21 %). The H85N variant was virtually inactive in trans‐sialylation but showed almost the same CMP‐Neu5Ac hydrolase activity as wild‐type. The competition between sialyl transfer and hydrolysis in the conversion of CMP‐Neu5Ac was dependent on the lactose concentration; this was characterized by a kinetic partition ratio of 85 m−1 for the H85N variant, compared to 17 000 m−1 for the wild‐type enzyme. His85 promotes the productive sialyl transfer to lactose and so prevents hydrolysis of CMP‐Neu5Ac in the reaction.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni on Cu Nanoparticles for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhao Fuzhen , Gong Miao , Cao Kun , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin , Chen Rong
Published: May 2017

Bimetallic Ni1Cu8/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and impregnation methods. By combing N2 adsorption/desorption, N2O oxidation followed by H2 titration, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), we showed the differences in the physicochemical properties of the bimetallic catalysts between the two methods. The results indicated that the sample prepared by the ALD method has a higher CH3OH yield (1.5 mmol g−1 h−1) than the sample obtained by the impregnation method (0.7 mmol g−1 h−1). The highly dispersed alloy particles and stronger interaction between Cu and Ni are the key factors for the enhanced catalytic performance of the sample prepared by the ALD method.
Formation of Uniform FeP Hollow Microspheres Assembled by Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Xiaosong , Feng Zijia , Lv Zezhong , Bu Yufan , Liu Qiulin , Zhao Longqing , Hao Chuncheng , Li Guicun , Lei Qingquan
Published: May 2017

High‐performance electrocatalysts with superior stability are critically important for their practical applications in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Recently, some electrocatalysts with hollow and porous structures have attracted much attention because of their large surface‐to‐volume ratio and highly exposed active edge sites. In this study, the hierarchical Fe‐based glycolate hollow microspheres composed of nanosheet subunits are synthesized by the solvothermal method. The morphology and microstructure of Fe‐based glycolate hollow microspheres can be controlled by adjusting the amount of ethylenediamine. After phosphorizing in nitrogen, the Fe‐based glycolate can be converted into FeP with well‐retained structure. Furthermore, the hierarchical FeP hollow microspheres have been used as electrocatalysts for HER. Benefitting from its high surface area, the FeP hollow microspheres exhibited high catalytic activity toward HER with low onset overpotential, small Tafel slope, and good stability under acidic conditions. The excellent catalytic activity and long‐term stability suggest promising application potential of FeP hollow microspheres in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of Perylenediimide Nanodispersions Having a One‐Dimensional π‐Stacked Structure
Authors: Sasaki Shino , Higuchi Shohei , Asahi Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2017

The inside cover artwork is provided by Dr. Tsuyoshi Asahi and Shino Sasaki. The image shows the fabrication of perylenediimide nanocrystals composed of π‐stacking 1‐D columns by laser fragmentation in liquid and exciton migration in nanocrystals. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601413.
The role of conservative versus innovative nesting behavior on the 25‐year population expansion of an avian predator
Authors: Dias Andreia , Palma Luís , Carvalho Filipe , Neto Dora , Real Joan , Beja Pedro
Published: May 2017

Species ranges often change in relation to multiple environmental and demographic factors. Innovative behaviors may affect these changes by facilitating the use of novel habitats, although this idea has been little explored. Here, we investigate the importance of behavior during range change, using a 25‐year population expansion of Bonelli's eagle in southern Portugal. This unique population is almost exclusively tree nesting, while all other populations in western Europe are predominantly cliff nesting. During 1991–2014, we surveyed nest sites and estimated the year when each breeding territory was established. We approximated the boundaries of 84 territories using Dirichlet tessellation and mapped topography, land cover, and the density of human infrastructures in buffers (250, 500, and 1,000 m) around nest and random sites. We then compared environmental conditions at matching nest and random sites within territories using conditional logistic regression, and used quantile regression to estimate trends in nesting habitats in relation to the year of territory establishment. Most nests (>85%,n = 197) were in eucalypts, maritime pines, and cork oaks. Nest sites were farther from the nests of neighboring territories than random points, and they were in areas with higher terrain roughness, lower cover by agricultural and built‐up areas, and lower road and powerline densities. Nesting habitat selection varied little with year of territory establishment, although nesting in eucalypts increased, while cliff nesting and cork oak nesting, and terrain roughness declined. Our results suggest that the observed expansion of Bonelli's eagles was facilitated by the tree nesting behavior, which allowed the colonization of areas without cliffs. However, all but a very few breeding pairs settled in habitats comparable to those of the initial population nucleus, suggesting that after an initial trigger possibly facilitated by tree nesting, the habitat selection remained largely conservative. Overall, our study supports recent calls to incorporate information on behavior for understanding and predicting species range shifts.
Functional traits of the understory plant community of a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest across environmental gradients
Authors: Ames Gregory M. , Anderson Steven M. , Ungberg Eric A. , Wright Justin P.
Published: May 2017

Understanding and predicting the response of plant communities to environmental changes and disturbances such as fire requires an understanding of the functional traits present in the system, including within and across species variability, and their dynamics over time. These data are difficult to obtain as few studies provide comprehensive information for more than a few traits or species, rarely cover more than a single growing season, and usually present only summary statistics of trait values. As part of a larger study seeking to understand the dynamics of plant communities in response to different prescribed fire regimes, we measured the functional traits of the understory plant communities located in over 140 permanent plots spanning strong gradients in soil moisture in a pyrogenic longleaf pine forest in North Carolina, USA, over a four‐year period from 2011 and 2014. We present over 120,000 individual trait measurements from over 130 plant species representing 91 genera from 47 families. We include data on the following 18 traits: specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf perimeter, plant height, leaf nitrogen, leaf carbon, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, water use efficiency, time to ignition, maximum flame height, maximum burn temperature, mass‐specific burn time, mass‐specific smolder time, branching architecture, and the ratio of leaf matter consumed by fire. We also include information on locations, soil moisture, relative elevation, soil bulk density, and fire histories for each site.
Immobilized strychnine as a new chiral stationary phase for HPLC
Authors: Sýkora David , Vozka Jiří , Tesařová Eva , Kalíková Květa , Havlík Martin , Matějka Pavel , Král Vladimír
Published: May 2017

A new ion‐exchanger type chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography was prepared. The synthetic protocol is based on derivatization of silica with (3‐iodopropyl)trimethoxysilane in the first step followed by immobilization of strychnine via quaternization of nitrogen atom of the alkaloid strychnine. The synthesized chiral stationary phase was chromatographically characterized. The main effort was headed towards the evaluation of the enantioselectivity of the novel sorbent. For that purpose a set of suitable chiral probes, specifically, binaphthyl derivatives, was employed. The influence of methanol content, concentration of aqueous ammonium acetate buffer, and its pH on retention factors, separation selectivity, and resolution of the atropoisomers of the mentioned chiral solutes was studied in detail. It was demonstrated that the new chiral stationary phase was capable to separate atropoisomers of four out of seven testing compounds. Despite the strong influence of the above mentioned variables on retention, their impact on selectivity and resolution was rather moderate. Concerning retention mechanism, it seems that electrostatic interaction between the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of the chiral stationary phase and anionic solute participates significantly in the retention process.
Facile Fabrication of Nanoporous Bi2WO6 Photoanodes for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Guojun , Zhang Yajun , Wang Wei , Wang Lei , Bi Yingpu
Published: May 2017

Nanoporous bismuth tungsten oxide (Bi2WO6) photoanodes are synthesized by using a facile drop‐casting strategy for one‐step fabrication. The Bi2WO6 photoanode exhibits significantly improved solar photo‐electrochemical capability for water oxidation. The photocurrent density is nearly 10 times higher than the traditional particle photoanodes. In addition, synchronous illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SIXPS) was employed to directly identify the charge separation and electron transfer in the nanoporous Bi2WO6 photoanodes, which clearly reveals that the electrons transfer from the Bi and W atomic sites to the O sites. These demonstrations provide further new insights into the origin of high efficiency in nanoporous photoanodes, which may be promising for the rational construction of solar conversion and storage devices.
Diagnostics and Prognostics‐Oriented Modeling of an NGSR Fuel Processor for Application in SOFC Systems
Authors: Pugliese F. , Trucco A. , Moser G. , Costamagna P.
Published: May 2017

Diagnostics and prognostics of natural gas steam reforming (NGSR) reactors are of utmost importance for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, where a fuel processor fault can cause damage to the SOFC stack. Most common faults are due to carbon deposition. We investigate this phenomenon through a model based on microscopic mass, energy and momentum balances of a tubular NGSR reactor. The model includes a detailed local reaction kinetics specific for Ni‐based catalysts, and is integrated numerically using a finite element method (FEM) implemented through COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2. Results obtained from the simulation of a laboratory scale reactor are validated on the basis of literature data. Furthermore, the model is applied to an NGSR fuel processor designed for an 1.1 kW SOFC system. The model allows to identify the area where carbon deposition is expected to occur, which is a key feature in view of developing specific diagnostic and prognostic tools. The simulation results demonstrate that safety criteria based on the feedstock steam to carbon (S/C) ratio can be misleading in a number of operating conditions.
The Coordination Structure of the Extracted Cobalt(II) Complex with a Synergistic Mixture Containing Lix63 and Versatic10
Authors: Zhu Shan , Hu Hui‐Ping , Li Ji‐Yuan , Hu Fang
Published: May 2017

In the present work, the cobalt(II) synergist complex with isobutyric acid (HLI) and 5‐hydroxy‐4‐octanone oxime (HBI), which were the corresponding short‐chain analogs of active synergistic mixture of Versatic10 (HL) and Lix63 (5,8‐diethyl‐7‐hydroxy‐6‐dodecanoneoxime, HB), was prepared and studied by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of the cobalt(II) synergistic complex showed that the composition of the complex was Co(HBI)2(LI)2 with a cis‐form octahedron geometry structure. Both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the uncoordinated carbonyl oxygen atom of the deprotonated monodentate anionic ligand LI and the hydrogen atom of the α‐hydroxy or the oxime hydroxyl group of HBI were observed in the crystal lattice. In order to bridge the gap between the solid‐state structure of the cobalt(II) synergist complex and the solution structure of the extracted cobalt(II) complex with the actual synergistic mixture containing Versatic10 and Lix63 in the nonpolar organic phase, both the cobalt(II) synergistic complex and the extracted cobalt(II) complex were further investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The results indicated that the extracted cobalt(II) complex in the nonpolar organic phase might possess a similar coordination structure as that of the cobalt(II) synergist complex.
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) as Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives Using Multicomponent Reaction of 4‐Hydroxycumarin Basis on Cheletropic Reaction
Authors: Ezzatzadeh Elham , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Rostamian Rezvaneh , Vaseghi Samaneh , Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh
Published: May 2017

A series of oxocyclopenta[c]chromenes were synthesized via three component reaction of 4‐hydroxycumarin, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, α‐bromo ketones, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of catalytic amount of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) (15 mol%) under solvent‐free conditions at 70°C. Facile, green, easy separation of product and catalyst, and high yields of products are advantages of these reactions.
Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of 2′‐Deoxypseudoisocytidine
Authors: Serpi Michaela , De Biasi Roberto , Pertusati Fabrizio , Slusarczyk Magdalena , McGuigan Christopher
Published: May 2017

A synthetic procedure for the preparation of phosphoramidate prodrugs of C‐nucleosides is reported. Different phosphorochloridates were reacted with 3′‐O‐protected N‐acetyl‐2′‐deoxypseudoisocytidine or 3′‐O‐protected 2′‐deoxypseudoisocytidine, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the protecting group. In the presence of the N‐acetyl moiety, the enolisable keto group of the nucleobase was able to react (like the 5′‐OH) with the phosphorochloridates to give bisphosphorylated derivatives. Epimerisation (β to α) occurred if the amino group of the nucleobase was unprotected. These side reactions demonstrate the peculiar behaviour of C‐nucleosides compared to their nucleoside analogues. It was demonstrated that the first enzymatic activation step for this new class of prodrugs can be mediated by carboxypeptidase and that it follows the same pathway and rate reported for ProTides of more conventional nucleoside analogues. These new phosphoramidate derivatives deserve further investigation for their therapeutic potential as anti‐cancer agents.
A modified noninvasive screening protocol for pulmonary hypertension in children with sickle cell disease—Who should be sent for invasive evaluation?
Authors: Lilje Christian , Harry Jordan , Gajewski Kelly K. , Gardner Renee V.
Published: May 2017

Background

Invasive studies have shown that prevalence and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) tend to be overestimated if based exclusively on Doppler‐derived tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) as surrogate noninvasive marker with a cutoff ≥2.5 m/s.

Objectives

We aimed to better define a subgroup of pediatric SCD patients who should be sent for invasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) based on a modified echocardiographic PH screening protocol that implements evidence from Doppler–catheter comparative studies.

Study Design

Charts of 121 pediatric patients with stable SCD were reviewed regarding echocardiographically assessed risk for elevated PAP/PH and associated clinical characteristics. TRV cutoff was refined at ≥2.9 m/s to avoid overestimating the risk for PH. TRV was combined with additional echocardiographic parameters to avoid underestimating the PH risk.

Results

Ninety‐one patients qualified for analysis. Based on our modified echocardiographic protocol, 5.5% of patients qualified for at least moderate risk for elevated PAP (compatible with PH) as opposed to 20.9% if based exclusively on TRV ≥2.5 m/s. These patients were older, homozygous for hemoglobin S (HbSS), and more anemic. No subject had an echocardiographic risk constellation suggesting more than mild PH.

Conclusions

Our modified noninvasive screening protocol—if confirmed by invasive studies—may help to better identify a subgroup of pediatric SCD patients in whom evaluation by catheterization appears justified. Unlike estimates based on the conventional protocol, the size of the targeted subgroup compares favorably with catheterization‐confirmed PH prevalence rates. Characteristics associated with an increased PH risk were also identified.
Refractory cytopenias secondary to copper deficiency in children receiving exclusive jejunal nutrition
Authors: Jacobson Amanda E. , Kahwash Samir B. , Chawla Anjulika
Published: May 2017

Copper deficiency is a known cause of anemia and neutropenia that is easily remedied with copper supplementation. Copper is primarily absorbed in the stomach and proximal duodenum, so patients receiving enteral nutrition via methods that bypass this critical region may be at increased risk for copper deficiency. In pediatrics, postpyloric enteral feeding is increasingly utilized to overcome problems related to aspiration, severe reflux, poor gastric motility, and gastric outlet obstruction. However, little is known about the prevalence of copper deficiency in this population. We describe three pediatric patients receiving exclusive jejunal feeds who developed cytopenias secondary to copper deficiency.
Accuracy of complement activation product levels to detect infected pleural effusion in rats
Authors: Peterson Guilherme E. , Silva Samanta S. , Amantéa Sérgio L. , Miorelli Patrícia , Sanches Paulo , Kulczynski Jane , Roesch Eliane , Fraga José Carlos
Published: May 2017

Background: Pleural empyema is a well‐known complication of pneumonia. If treatment is delayed, empyema may increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Therefore, the identification of empyema biomarkers in parapneumonic pleural effusion is desirable. Previous research has suggested complement activation products as candidate empyema markers. Objective: To compare the levels of complement activation products C3a, C5a, and C5b9 in pleural effusion induced by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), or turpentine (control). Methods: Thirty‐nine male Wistar rats (mean weight 414 g; 290–546 g) were allocated as follows: 17 animals in the SA group, 12 in the SP group, and 10 in the control group. Bacteria or turpentine were injected into the pleural space. After 12 hr, intrapleural fluid was collected using ultrasound‐guided thoracentesis. Levels of complement activation products were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Two SA and one SP animals died before 12 hr. Mean levels were as follows: C3a: 1066.82 µg/ml (937.29–1196.35 µg/ml) in SA, 1188.28 µg/ml (1095.65–1280.92 µg/ml) in SP, and 679.13 µg/ml (601.29–756.98 µg/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5a: 55.727 ng/ml (41.22–70.23 ng/ml) in SA, 520.107 ng/ml (278.92–761.3 ng/ml) in SP, and 5.268 ng/ml (1.68–8.85 ng/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5b9: 15.02 ng/ml (13.1–16.94 ng/ml) in SA, 16.63 ng/ml (14.37–18.9 ng/ml) in SP, and 14.05 ng/ml (9.8–18.29 ng/ml) in controls (P = 0.692). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.987 (95% CI: 0.953–1) for C3a; 1 (1–1) for C5a; and 0.757 for C5b9 (0.523–0.990). Conclusions: In the present rat model, complement activation fragments C3a and C5a accurately detected infected pleural effusion. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:757–762. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.