bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Edge Detection Technique in X-ray Images for Improving PSNR using Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm with Gaussian Filter in Comparison with Laplacian Algorithm
Authors: Karthick C.N. , Nirmala P.
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to propose smart edge detection techniques in x-ray images for improving PSNR using the sobel edge detection algorithm and comparing it with the laplacian algorithm. Materials and methods: For the design of edge detection technique to improve PSNR Sobel edge detection algorithm is used along with the gaussian filter and it is compared with the laplacian algorithm. Sobel edge detection algorithm and laplacian algorithm are the two groups considered in this study. For each group, the sample size is 20 and the total sample size is 40. Sample size calculation was done using clinicalc. com by keeping g-power at 80%, confidence interval at 95%, and the threshold at 0.05%. Result: When comparing the two algorithms, it is clear that the Sobel edge detection algorithm has a higher mean PSNR value of 39.15db than the laplacian algorithm 36.79db. It is observed that the Sobel edge detection algorithm performed better than the laplacian algorithm by performing an independent sample t-test. The p value is 0.09 which is greater than the normal value(p>0.05). Conclusion: Sobel edge detection has insignificantly greater PSNR when compared to the Laplacian algorithm.
Analysis and Comparison for Prediction of Diabetic among Pregnant Women using Innovative Support Vector Machine Algorithm over Random Forest Algorithm with Improved Accuracy
Authors: Kumar P.V.S. , Kumar N.S.
Published: April 2023

Aim: To achieve accuracy, sensitivity, and precision in AI (Artificial Intelligence) calculations for the prediction of diabetes among pregnant women, a Support Vector Machine and Random Forest algorithms were utilized. Materials and Methods: Research looked at diabetes in pregnant women using accessible data sets such as the Pima Indian dataset from the UCI website to assess the technique’s usefulness. Support Vector Machine (N=40) and Random Forest (N=40) are the two groups in this study, each having a sample size of 40. A pretest power of 80%, a threshold of 0.05, and a confidence interval of 95% were used to compute the sample size. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, and precision of an algorithm are used to evaluate its performance. The Support Vector Machine has a 75% accuracy rate, whereas the Random Forest has a 74% accuracy rate. The sensitivity rate of the Support Vector Machine is 65%, whereas the sensitivity rate of the Random Forest is 68%. The Support Vector Machine has a precision rate of 80%, whereas the Random Forest has a precision rate of 76%. The accuracy rate is significantly different with p=0.466,p>0.05. Conclusion: When compared to the innovative Support Vector Machine Algorithm, the Random Forest approach predicts superior classifications in identifying the accuracy, sensitivity, and precision for accessing the rate for diabetes prediction among pregnant women.
Orthokeratology with increased compression factor in adolescent myopia control: a 2-year prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China, Tang Wen-Ting , Zhang Hui-Dan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China, Li Shi-Bei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China, Liang Hao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Published: April 2023

AIM: To explore the long-term efficacy, safety, and optical mechanism of orthokeratology with increased compression factor in adolescent myopia control.
METHODS: A prospective, double-masked, and randomized clinical trial was performed from May 2016 to June 2020. Subjects aged between 8 and 16y, with myopia (-5.00 to -1.00 D), low astigmatism (≥-1.50 D) and anisometropia (≤1.00 D), were stratified into low (-2.75 to -1.00 D) and moderate (-5.00 to -3.00 D) myopia groups. Then they were randomly assigned to wear either increased compression factor (ICF; 1.75 D) orthokeratology or conventional compression factor (CCF; 0.75 D) orthokeratology. The data were recorded including axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity (NVA), corneal staining (using Efron grading scales), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), higher-order aberrations (HOAs, expressed as root mean square, RMSh), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) in the 2-year follow-up period. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was conducted to analyze the association between the changes in AL and RMSh, SFChT.
RESULTS: At the 2-year visit, there were no statistical differences in all the parameters between the ICF group and the CCF group in low myopia subjects (P>0.05). For the moderate myopia subjects, the ICF group had shorter AL elongation (0.23±0.08 vs 0.30±0.11 mm, P=0.015), higher RMSh (1.94±0.50 vs 1.65±0.51 μm, P=0.041), and higher SFChT (279.04±35.72 vs 254.08±29.60 μm, P=0.008) than those in CCF group. The change in AL was negatively correlated with RMSh (r=-0.687, P<0.001) and SFChT (r=-0.464, P=0.013).
CONCLUSION: ICF orthokeratology can control the progression of moderate myopia more effectively, which might be related to greater RMSh and SFChT.
THE RIGHT TO PATERNITY AND MATERNITY AS PERSONAL NON-PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Yatsiuk A. R.
Published: April 2023

The relevance of the topic is due to the novelty of the topic, its importance for the development of family law science and legislation in this area.
The article provides a systematic analysis of the right to fatherhood and motherhood as a personal non-property right. The author conducts a systematic analysis of such categories as «motherhood» and «fatherhood» in the modern science of family law in Ukraine.
The author substantiates the need to enshrine in the current legislation a single legal definition of «paternity» and «maternity» in accordance with European standards. The author proposes to consider the right to paternity and maternity as a personal non-property right of women and men, regardless of their marital status. The author also proposes to enshrine at the legislative level the right of men to participate in the decision on artificial termination of pregnancy.
In a detailed analysis of a woman’s right to motherhood, the author identifies and analyzes the constituent elements of such a right, namely: the right to pregnancy and health care during pregnancy, provision of health care during childbirth; the right to terminate pregnancy and rights after the birth of a child, in particular, certain social guarantees for women who have given birth to a child. At the same time, given the European vector of development of our country, the author proposes to reform certain provisions of legislation and to equalize the rights of men and women in this area. The author analyzes the changes that have occurred in the legislation of our State in the field of social guarantees for men and women after the birth of a child.
At the same time, the article highlights several issues that need to be detailed and clarified by the legislator in the area of realization by men and women of their right to paternity and maternity with the help of assisted reproductive technologies.
Floristic diversity in agroforestry systems in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Consentino Ferreira da Silva Mayara Grazielle , Pimentel Victório Cristiane
Published: April 2023

The present article brings together existing plant diversity in agroforestry systems (AFS) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The survey was carried out with digital databases, using terms in Portuguese and English, such as: ‘‘sistemas agroflorestais RJ’’, ‘‘agrofloresta RJ’’, ‘‘agroforestry RJ’’, and ‘‘agroforestry systems RJ’’, with fourteen AFSs being verified. The species present in the agroforests of Rio de Janeiro were listed when present in at least five of the fourteen AFSs found (35.71%). Fifteen species (8.82%) were among the most common, out of a total of 170 different species found, demonstrating the diversity of AFSs. Plant species are located in the following cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Três Rios, Paraty and Nova Friburgo. The most mentioned species were papaya (Carica papaya L.) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.). More AFSs were analyzed in the Metropolitan Region within the state of Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the municipality of Seropédica. Agroforests can contribute to the conservation or restoration of plant diversity, while promoting food and nutritional sovereignty and security, community subsistence, and local commercialization, among other benefits.
VENKATRAMANAN, V.; SHAH, S.; PRASAD, R. Global climate change: resilient and smart agriculture. Singapore: Springer, 2020. 312 p.
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Costa
Published: April 2023

As mudanças climáticas estão ocorrendo em todo o mundo afetando vários pontos da sociedade atual, inclusive a produção agricola. Ao passo que tem sido entendidas as condições de trabalho que esta referida mudança tem influenciado no meio agricola podem ser realizadas melhores tomadas de decisã, visando a sustentabilidade. Portanto, este manuscrito tem como objetivo a construção de conhecimentos sobre  a resiliencia e produção agricola em meio as mudanças climáticas no mundo. Para tal, em dezesseis capítulos são descritas informações conceituais e exemplicações sobre a temática. Finalmente, tendo em vista as considerações descritas nesta obra, a melhor forma de mitigar os efeitos das mudançs climáticas é trabalhar em escala global os aspectos relacionados a esta mudança e a convivencia, relatam os editores deste manuscrito. Estas locuções podem ser uteis como efeitos comparativos de experiências para que sejam melhor entendidas as necessidades de trabalho e ação em relação a gerencia dos recursos naturais frente a mudanças climáticas e o aumento populacional ocorrentes em nosso planeta.
Política indigenista do setor elétrico brasileiro: o papel dos antropólogos entre 1978 e 1988
Authors: Rosenthal Vinicius
Published: April 2023

A partir da análise de documentos, o artigo compara três casos pioneiros de grupos de pesquisa em antropologia a serviço do setor elétrico brasileiro a partir de fins dos anos 1970, mesmo período de consolidação de cursos de pós-graduação na área. Mostramos como se articulam, em cada caso, representações sobre o ator indígena, concepções sobre o direito à terra e perspectivas de autonomia dos povos indígenas. A análise insere esses posicionamentos na construção de um campo de atuação que está para além da universidade e contextualiza posições críticas em disputa nos aparatos de poder e faz proposições acerca do lugar dos antropólogos e da antropologia. Assim, o artigo contribui para elucidar a gênese de um campo de produção de conhecimento e os limites e possibilidades dessa atuação profissional crescente na disciplina.
A ilha do Combu: ensaio sobre turismo e lazer em intenso crescimento
Authors: Nunes Thainá Guedelha , Furtado Lourdes De Fátima Gonçalves
Published: April 2023

O texto traz à tona resultados preliminares sobre as transformações pelas quais a Área de Proteção Ambiental Ilha do Combu vem passando devido ao turismo e lazer. Trata-se de uma pesquisa antropológica qualitativa, tem como base a etnografia com realização de trabalho de campo, observação direta e participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e conversas informais. Foram realizados registros fotográficos, mapeamento dos estabelecimentos voltados para o turismo na ilha e análise de documentos e matérias antigas de jornais. Devido ao grande aumento da demanda, o local se tornou um importante ponto turístico da cidade de Belém, gerando mais renda para muitos ribeirinhos, assim como valorização cultural e incentivo ao protagonismo dos sujeitos locais. Porém, existem também muitos aspectos preocupantes como, por exemplo, a grande multiplicação de estabelecimentos, a especulação imobiliária (e ilegal), erosão, da entrada e atuação de pessoas de fora da ilha. Assim, observa-se um crescimento acelerado e desordenado do turismo e lazer na ilha, cujo Conselho Deliberativo não é devidamente atuante e nem sequer plano de manejo possui ainda.
O Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico do Bioma Amazônico como instrumento de ordenamento territorial no Maranhão (Brasil)
Authors: Ferreira Antônio José de Araújo , Da Trindade Júnior Saint-Clair Cordeiro
Published: April 2023

O artigo analisa o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico do Bioma Amazônico (ZEE) enquanto instrumento de ordenamento territorial no estado do Maranhão (MA), Brasil, cujos diagnósticos temáticos remontam a 2019 e a institucionalização é de 2020. A pesquisa foi pautada em levantamento bibliográfico e documental, visita técnica e entrevista não-padronizada. Constatou-se que: 1) referido bioma ocupa 49,76% do território maranhense e tem maior peso econômico e demográfico, mais infraestrutura e maior pressão sobre a biodiversidade que os demais; 2) suas 17 zonas têm concepção indicativa, não abarcam as 12 milhas marítimas e são pouco conhecidas pela sociedade. Conclui-se que é iminente a revisão do ZEE-MA do Bioma Amazônico no intuito de melhor representar a realidade e utilizar instrumentos (regionalização, código de meio ambiente, zoneamento costeiro etc.) que requerem atualização; do contrário, sua implementação será comprometida porque a população e a economia tendem a crescer e impor recorrentes demandas socioespaciais e ambientais que nele não se mostram devidamente consideradas.
Coprodução de conhecimento com organizações da agricultura familiar: um observatório de ciência cidadã na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Coudel Emilie , Nasuti Stéphanie , Santos Beatriz Abreu , Piva Mariana , Lima Denise Valéria , Wagner Danielle , Folhes Ricardo , Silva Harley , Cortes João Paulo , Fechine Valéria , Piraux Marc , Bonnet Marie-Paule
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada de forma participativa na Amazônia brasileira, na região de Santarém, Pará. O objetivo foi entender como as grandes mudanças socioambientais estão afetando os agricultores familiares. Nos últimos 20 anos, a agricultura familiar, na área de estudo, tem sido confrontada com a rápida expansão de monoculturas de grande escala, principalmente o cultivo de soja. Como parte do Observatório Socioambiental Odyssea, pesquisadores acadêmicos e organizações de agricultura familiar firmaram uma parceria para coproduzir dados que poderiam ser estrategicamente úteis para estas organizações. Um processo de coconstrução de demandas por conhecimento permitiu o estabelecimento de prioridades e a definição da estratégia de coleta de dados. Três níveis de análise foram escolhidos para permitir uma compreensão integrada das dinâmicas das mudanças socioambientais: o nível do território do Planalto de Santarém, o nível da comunidade rural (lugar de vida reconhecido pelos agricultores) e as famílias dos agricultores. Jovens pesquisadores comunitários aplicaram um questionário através de um aplicativo de celular com 544 famílias nos municípios de Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos e Belterra. Anteriormente, foram realizadas reuniões nas comunidades rurais e aplicados questionários com representantes de 32 comunidades. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e junho de 2019. Os pesquisadores comunitários e acadêmicos se reuniram então para duas sessões coletivas de análise e interpretação de dados, em julho e outubro de 2019. Os dados foram padronizados e limpos usando o software SPSS, entre setembro e dezembro de 2019. Os metadados e bancos de dados estão disponíveis no dataverse do CIRAD.
Determinants of participation in agricultural group guarantee loans: A case of smallholder farmers in Eastern Uganda.
Authors:   Uganda Christian University, Ninsiima R R , Bulyaba R , Makosa D
Published: April 2023

This paper establishes that agricultural group guarantee loans (AGGLs) are indeed an innovative tool used by Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) to extend credit to resource-disadvantaged smallholder farmers regarded as not credit-worthy by traditional lenders. It disproves popular literature that one requires assets to access formal credit and that extremely poor farmers are segregated from borrowing citing a lack of collateral to pledge to both group members and to the lender. This paper indicates that efforts to get smallholder farmers out of destitution should be redirected to addressing other group credit aspects other than increasing participation. Multi-stage sampling obtained 161 agricultural loan borrowers of Promotion of Rural Initiative Development Enterprises (PRIDE) microfinance, a formal Tier III credit institution in Uganda. Both borrowers of the group (AGGLs) and Individual (Individual Loan borrowers, IL) loans were selected for comparison purposes. Semi-structured interviews and in-depth discussions with farmer groups (focus group discussions, FGDs) collected both quantitative and qualitative data for the study. Descriptive statistics analysis presented the socioeconomic characteristics of the borrowers while the binary logistic regression model determined the factors that influence participation in AGGLs. The findings indicated that IL borrowers were better off in socioeconomic aspects such as income than AGGL borrowers. The study results revealed that the probability of participating in AGGLs decreases with an increase in the number of asset ownership and an increase in household expenses, particularly education. This implies that AGGLs are socially perceived to be a “facility for the poor”, supporting the motives of MFIs. Agricultural group guarantee loans are associated with smaller loan amounts due to fear of default. These smaller amounts limit investment and consequent income improvement. This is the first paper to study participation in AGGLs offered by a formal credit institution in Uganda. Other group loans offered in Uganda do not target agriculture, those that do, are offered by savings and credit cooperative organizations (SACCOs) informally started by farmers. Key words: Agricultural lending, Smallholder farmers, Collective action, Group participation, Uganda
Effect of selected retail packaging materials, storage temperature and time on the quality of dried mopane worm (Imbrasia belina)
Authors:   University of Venda, Monyetsware DS , Marenya MO ,   Technical University of Kenya
Published: April 2023

This study assessed the effects of selected retail packaging materials, storage temperature and duration on the quality and shelf life of traditionally processed and sun-dried mopane worms (Imbrasia belina). Changes in the quality of dried mopane worms (MW) were evaluated in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial experiment comprising packaging materials (low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)), storage temperature (ambient and accelerated), and storage time (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) with three replications. Dried MW samples were analysed for changes in physicochemical (ash, moisture, fat, protein content and colour, microbiological (yeast, mould and coliform count), and sensory (colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability) qualities. The results of the experiment were subjected to ANOVA, and the means were separated using the post hoc Tukey test at 5% level of significance. Packaging material did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect ash, moisture, fat, protein content, yeast and coliform count, and sensory qualities of dried MW. However, the mould count and colour parameters of dried MW were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by packaging material. Storage time significantly affected (p < 0.05) moisture, fat, protein content, colour parameters and sensory qualities of dried MW. The ash content was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by storage time, but the storage temperature significantly affected (p < 0.05) ash, moisture content and colour parameters of dried MW. The three-way interaction between packaging material, storage temperature and time was not significant (p > 0.05) for all proximate composition and microbial quality parameters, indicating that it is safe to consume dried MW over a period of 120 days post-processing. This study recommended that a further study for storage periods greater than 120 days be done to determine the shelf life of traditionally processed dried MW packaged in retail-sized HDPE and LDPE. The HDPE performed better than LDPE in preserving the quality of dried MW, as evidenced by the better-quality parameters recorded under this packaging material. Key words: Mopane worm, retail packaging, shelf life, food quality, storage, temperature, time
On-farm growth performance evaluations of kids born from arsi-bale goats in three agro-ecologies of Bale Zone, Ethiopia
Authors:   Madda Walabu University, Guyo M , Melesse A , Taye M ,   Hawassa University
Published: April 2023

Goat rearing is a key livelihood sector in Ethiopian agriculture, upheld in diversified agroecology and inputs, which calls for the study of innate performances description. Moreover, performance determination at age intervals has an immense role in management and genetic interference in the near future for selection and upgrading. As a result, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of agroecology, birth type and sex on the growth performance of Arsi-Bale goat-born kids under old-style supervision practices in three agro-ecologies. Live body weight data were recorded on 71 kids from the birth period until yearling age for a total of 25 days in a year. Statistical Analysis Systems version 9.4 was used to analyse the data. The average live weight at birth, three months, six months and yearling ages were 2.0, 7.6, 13.0, and 19.3 kg, respectively. As well, the average weight gain immediately after birth, three months, six months and yearling ages were 125.3, 60.4, 70.1 and 40.2 g/day, respectively. The effect of agroecology was highly significant (p≤0.01) at birth, weaning and yearling ages. Moreover, live body weight and weight gain at six months and yearling ages were higher in midland and lowland agro-ecologies. However, three-month-old weight gain was nonsignificant (p≥0.05) among the environs. Kids born single were significantly higher (p≤0.01) at birth weight but no differences (p≥0.05) were observed across the rest of the ages on birth type. An increment in live weight and daily weight gain was higher in the females when aged due to sexual characteristics differences for early maturation. Thus, the effects of agroecology and sex was higher for performance variation under prolonged thermal pressure across seasons as well as sharing of dam milk for home consumption was an added factor in the lowlands. As a result, improvement of quality and quantity feeds and shelters for day-night thermal stress effects in routine seasonal changes can lead to a reasonable advance in yield of Arsi-Bale goat’s kids. Key words: Agroecology, birth weight, body weight, daily weight gain, yearling weight
Effect of varied daily feeding intensities on growth performance and feed utilisation of South African dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system
Authors:   Republic of South Africa - Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment,, Madibana MJ , Mlambo V ,   University of Mpumalanga, Lewis BR , Toefy R
Published: April 2023

Several aquaculture studies have concluded that feed constitutes the heaviest cost in aquaculture enterprises. Consequently, researchers continue to investigate strategies that can lower feed costs such as the use of protein rich plant sources and insect meals to partially or completely substitute the expensive fishmeal in aquafeeds. However, this approach has often faced numerous challenges such as anti-nutrients in plant protein sources that limit their use and suboptimal polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in terrestrial protein sources such as insect meal. Precision feeding is a strategy that could also reduce aquafeed feed costs and enhance the economic sustainability of aquaculture. There is discordance regarding the feeding intensity that should be used for fish such as dusky kob. The current study was designed to compare the effect of three feeding intensities (2.8 %, 3.5 % and 4 % of body weight (BW)) on growth performance and feed utilisation of juvenile dusky kob (Argryrosomus japonicus). Dusky kob juveniles were randomly and evenly allocated to 18 tanks with a volume of 465 L. Each feeding intensity was randomly allocated to six tanks carrying 66 fish each. The average temperature and dissolved oxygen were 25°C and 5.5-6.0 mg/l, respectively. Commercial dusky kob diet was offered twice daily at the rate of 2.8%, 3.5% and 4% of body weight (BW). A feeding intensity × fish age (weeks) interaction effect was noted on fish feed intake (P<0.05) but not on weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR). The overall weight gain after six weeks of feeding was similar across the three feeding intensities (P>0.05). The 2.8% BW feeding rate promoted 1.06%/day SGR as compared to 1.21%/day and 1.48%/day for 3.5% and 4.0% BW feeding rates, respectively. Similar weight gains and FCR recorded across the three feeding intensities may suggest that the lowest feeding intensity (2.8% BW) should be used for dusky kob feeding to reduce feeding costs. Key words: Aquaculture, Feed, Dusky kob, Rations, Growth performance, FCR, RAS, SGR
Association between consumption of edible insects with dietary diversity, and household food and nutrition security in Southern Zimbabwe
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Chopera P , Matsungo TM , Manditsera F ,   Chinhoyi University of Technology, Mubaiwa J , Bhatasara S ,   University of Zimbabwe, Kembo G ,   Food and Nutrition Council of Zimbabwe, Macheka L ,   Marondera University of Agriculture Science and Technology
Published: April 2023

Edible insects are nutritious with potential to improve nutritional outcomes and livelihoods in low-income countries. However, it is not clear whether consumption of edible insects is positively correlated with improved dietary diversity and food security indicators. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between consumption of edible insects and diet diversity and food security indicators among children and adults from Gwanda district, Matabeleland province in Southern Zimbabwe. The survey collected data on the following; household sociodemographic characteristics, household dietary diversity score (HDDS), food consumption score (FCS), and child dietary diversity score (CDDS). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between edible insect consumption and food security indicators. A total of 303 households were surveyed. A high proportion were edible insect consumers (80.9%) and the rest non-consumers (19.1%). The most consumed insect was mopani worms (Gonimbrasia belina, madora, amacimbi) (74.8%). The consumption of mopani worms was highest in the age group 20-49 years (34.4%) and significantly associated with being married and age of the household head. There was no difference between the mean CDDS for consumers (5.9±1.7) and for non-consumers (6.0±2.0) (p=0.802). The median (IQR) FCS for consumers was lower at 49 (35, 65) than for non-consumers 53 (36.5, 64). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.526). There also was no difference between the average HDDS for consuming households (6.2±1.7) and for non-consuming households 6.2±1.5 (p=0.866). There was no significant association between consumption of edible insects and CDDS (p=0.802), HDDS (p=0.866), and FCS (p=0.585). In conclusion, this study showed that Gonimbrasia belina (mopani worms, madora, amacimbi) were the commonly consumed insect mostly as relish due to their palatable taste. Overall, the consumption of edible insects did not seem to improve diet diversity and food security indicators in this setting. National level studies with bigger sample sizes that investigate the contribution of edible insects to overall nutrient intake and dietary diversity are required. Furthermore, interventions to promote the consumption of edible insects, including their commercialization should adopt a social ecological approach to maximise impact. Key words: Entomophagy, food security, mopani worms, stunting, gender, Zimbabwe
Urzędnicy sądowi departamentu / izby cywilnej Wileńskiego Sądu Głównego w latach 1802–1853
Authors: Kowalik Jolanta
Published: April 2023

Lata zaborów to czas przemian zachodzących na terenach całej byłej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. W każdej części zaborowej zachodziły określone procesy asymilacyjne z okupującymi je państwami. Unifikacja administracji państwowej na ziemiach polskich wcielonych do Rosji postępowała etapowo. Stosunkowo najdłużej przebiegała w systemie prawnym i administracji sądowej. Decyzją Katarzyny II w guberni wileńskiej najważniejszym źródłem prawa pozostał III Statut Litewski, językiem urzędowym nadal był polski, a szlachta zbierała się co trzy lata na sejmiki elekcyjne w celu wyłonienia kandydatów na urzędy ziemskie. Zasady te potwierdzali kolejni carowie zasiadający na rosyjskim tronie. Nieuchronne zmiany w wymiarze sprawiedliwości zaszły za panowania Mikołaja I, a do całkowitego zniesienia polsko-litewskich norm prawnych w guberniach zachodnich doszło ostatecznie w 1840 r.

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie składu personalnego urzędników departamentu cywilnego (następnie izby cywilnej) Wileńskiego Sądu Głównego oraz nakreślenie ich portretu zbiorowego. W analizie będą brane pod uwagę: pochodzenie, wykształcenie, wyznanie, majątek, przebieg kariery, otrzymane nagrody oraz osiągnięte stopnie awansu według obowiązującej w Cesarstwie Rosyjskim tabeli rang. Interpretacja zebranego materiału pozwoli także na prześledzenie procesów zachodzących w sądownictwie guberni wileńskiej pod wpływem zmieniającej się sytuacji politycznej, wynikającej z postępującej rusyfikacji.
Stefan Szuman – intelektualista i artysta, człowiek z poczuciem humoru (okres do 1939 r.)
Authors: Kosno Sara , Przeniosło Marek
Published: April 2023

Artykuł stanowi opis życia osobistego i osiągnięć naukowych profesora Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego – Stefana Szumana. Z uwagi na obszerną biografię i ogromną aktywność publikacyjną uczonego jego losy i dokonania zostały przeanalizowane do 1939 r. W tekście przybliżono najważniejsze wydarzenia z dzieciństwa i młodości profesora, jego drogę edukacyjną i zawodową przed objęciem Katedry Psychologii Rozwojowej i Wychowawczej na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim, działalność akademicką, dydaktyczną, publikacyjną, artystyczną i wojskową oraz najważniejsze wydarzenia z życia rodzinnego. Dla pełniejszego obrazu osoby Stefana Szumana w ostatnim podrozdziale pokrótce nakreślono również jego losy w trakcie i po zakończeniu II wojny światowej.
Wyznania religijne w powiecie wieluńskim w latach 1918–1939 na tle mozaiki religijnej II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Michalski Michał
Published: April 2023

Rolniczy powiat wieluński w okresie międzywojennym był obszarem o mniejszym zróżnicowaniu religijnym i wyznaniowym niż Polska i województwo łódzkie. Zdecydowanie dominowało tu wyznanie rzymskokatolickie – zarówno pod względem liczby wiernych, liczby duchownych, struktur organizacyjnych, jak i bazy materialnej. Drugie miejsce zajmował judaizm, gdzie większość wiernych skupiona była wokół ośmiu gmin. Podium zamykali ewangelicy augsburscy rozsiani po całym powiecie z jedyną parafią w Wieluniu. Pozostałe wyznania były nieliczne, a wśród nich jedynie prawosławni posiadali własną parafię, która uległa likwidacji.
Obchody świąt państwowych w Rudzie Pabianickiej w okresie międzywojennym (1923–1939)
Authors: Stawiszyńska Aneta Katarzyna
Published: April 2023

Ruda Pabianicka jako miasto funkcjonowała jedynie przez 16 lat, a mianowicie w latach 1923–1939. Przez ten stosunkowo krótki okres władze miasta oraz jego mieszkańcy starali się wypracować własne tradycje, wśród których wymienić warto obchody świąt narodowych. Na obchody te składały się uroczystości religijne zarówno w kościele katolickim, jak i ewangelickim, a ponadto uroczystości kulturalne, czyli przedstawienia, projekcje filmów czy koncerty, a także imprezy sportowe. Wspomniane działania miały też na celu budowanie tożsamości miasta i wzbudzanie lokalnego patriotyzmu.
Sprawozdanie z uroczystości podpisania listu intencyjnego dotyczącego opracowania monografii dziejów Łodzi, Łódź, 29 lipca 2021 roku
Authors: Czekalska Adrianna
Published: April 2023

W dniu 29 lipca 2023 r. Łódź obchodzić będzie jubileusz 600-lecia nadania miastu praw miejskich przez króla Władysława Jagiełłę w Przedborzu nad Pilicą. Z tej też okazji z inicjatywy historyków Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego powstał pomysł uczczenia ważnej dla łodzian rocznicy poprzez napisanie pięciotomowej monografii dziejów Łodzi o interdyscyplinarnym charakterze. Inicjatywa została poparta przez władze Łodzi i 29 lipca 2021 r. miała miejsce uroczystość podpisania listu intencyjnego pomiędzy Urzędem Miasta Łodzi a Uniwersytetem Łódzkim oraz instytucjami partnerskimi projektu. Uroczystość zakończyła pierwsza publiczna prezentacja najstarszego zachowanego oryginalnego dokumentu z dziejów Łodzi.
Sprawozdanie z VI Dobrzyckiej Konferencji Naukowej, Muzeum Ziemiaństwa w Dobrzycy Zespół Pałacowo-Parkowy, 8–9 września 2021 r.
Authors: Borowiak Stanisław
Published: April 2023

VI Dobrzycka Konferencja Naukowa zorganizowana przez Muzeum Ziemiaństwa w Dobrzycy w dniach 8–9 września 2021 r., poświęcona została dwóm zasadniczym zagadnieniom. Otwierała ją zapoczątkowana referatem prof. Witolda Molika dyskusja panelowa na temat „Życie codziennie czy życie niecodzienne? Wokół problemów badawczych ziemiańskiej codzienności w XIX i na pocz. XX w.” Druga część konferencji zatytułowana „Dwór wobec wojny” obejmowała kilkanaście referatów podzielonych na cztery bloki tematyczne i poświęconych doświadczeniom wojennym różnych pokoleń ziemian i funkcjonowaniu dworu ziemiańskiego w trakcie wojen, powstań i rewolucji w ciągu XIX i XX stulecia – od czasów napoleońskich aż po drugą wojnę światową.
Sprawozdanie z IX Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku „Perspektywa stołu”, Kraków, 8–9 października 2021 r.
Authors: Kita Jarosław
Published: April 2023

Począwszy od 2012 r., Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie (UWM) i Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (UŁ) współorganizują kolejne konferencje naukowe z cyklu „Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku”. W dniach 8–9 października 2021 r. odbyła się już IX Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa, której miejscem obrad było Muzeum Dom Jana Matejki Oddział Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie. Tym razem organizatorzy zaproponowali nową perspektywę poznawczą życia prywatnego i życia codziennego epoki, a mianowicie jego ogląd przez pryzmat „stołu” Polaków z różnych grup i środowisk społecznych. Konferencja naukowa zgromadziła badaczy z kilku polskich ośrodków akademickich i muzealnych (Łódź, Poznań, Kraków, Warszawa, Olsztyn, Rzeszów, Pułtusk, Częstochowa, Katowice), a nawet z dalekiego uniwersytetu w Mikołajowie na Ukrainie. Łącznie podczas konferencji zaprezentowano 21 referatów, które zostały podzielone na cztery tematyczne panele: „Pożywienie a zdrowie”, „Smaki narodowe”, „Wokół stołu” i „Kuchnia w życiu codziennym różnych grup społecznych”.
15. Yüzyılda Birer Seyyah Olarak Dervişler ve Birer Seyahatname Olarak Menâkıbnâmeler-Velâyetnâmeler: Kaygusuz Abdal ve Otman Baba Örnekleri
Authors: HANİLÇE Murat , TURAN İsmail
Published: April 2023

Seyahat, insanlar için tarih boyunca var olmuş dinamik bir olgudur. İnsan doğasında gezme dürtüsü ve yaşadığı coğrafyadan başka bir coğrafyaya gitme arzusu kendini sürekli canlı tutmuştur. Nitekim tarihin her döneminde seyahat eden insanlar, toplumlar görülmektedir. Seyahatlerin ticaret, bilgi edinme (istihbarat), din yayma (misyonerlik), ibadet, zorunlu yer değiştirme, eğitim gibi çeşitli sebepleri vardır. Belli bir amaç doğrultusunda gezen kişilere seyyah ismi verilmiş, seyahatleri esnasında geçtikleri yollar, konakladıkları yerler, görüştükleri yöneticiler gibi konular hakkındaki aldıkları notlar kitaplaştırılarak seyahatnâme adıyla hem bir tarihi hem de edebî kaynak olarak literatürde yerini almıştır. Sufî geleneğin temsilcileri olan derviş ve mensupları bir ritüel olarak köyler, şehirler ve bazen ülkeler arasında sıklıkla seyahat ederlerdi. Bazen yalnız, bazen de kalabalık gruplar halinde seyahat eden dervişler, hanlarda, camilerde, tekkelerde veya bulundukları yerleşim yerinin hemen kenarında konaklarlardı. Dervişler bu seyahatleri genellikle eğitim, hac, dinî öğretilerini yaymak ve taraftar toplamak amacıyla gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada 15. yüzyıl dervişlerinden Kaygusuz Abdal ve Otman Baba’nın menâkıbnâme-velâyetnâmelerindeki geçen bilgilere göre seyahatleri ve bu seyahatlerin nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Uğradıkları şehirler, köyler ve beldeler belirtilmiştir. Seyahatleri sırasında ziyaret ettikleri devletin hükümdarı şehrin veya beldenin yöneticisiyle olan münasebetleri ortaya konulmuştur. Seyahatleri esnasında konakladıkları yerler, gösterdikleri kerametler, karşılaştıkları zorluklar zikredilmiştir. Seyahatlerinin hangi amaçla gerçekleştirildiği ve mahiyetleri ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Akıllı Şehir Tartışmaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme ve Türkiye
Authors: ÜNSAL Ömer , AVCI Sedat
Published: April 2023

Çalışmada akıllı şehir kavramının ve amaçlarının irdelenmesi ile Türkiye’deki görünümün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Eleştirel bir yaklaşım ve nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile akıllı şehir kavramının derinlemesine incelendiği çalışmada akıllı şehir çalışmalarının versiyon 1.0 döneminde birbirinden kopuk, sürdürülebilirliğin yanlış anlaşıldığı, teknoloji merkezli ve gri literatürden beslendiği, versiyon 2.0’da ise insan merkezli, sürdürülebilirlik, verimlilik ve yaşam kalitesi amaçlarına odaklı bir görünüme sahip olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Strateji ve eylem planları, olgunluk değerlendirme modelleri ile endekslerin halka açık olmaması Türkiye değerlendirmesini kısıtlamakla birlikte iş birliği konusunda önemli eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Dijital, zeki, sürdürülebilir, yaşanabilir, dirençli, yaşlı dostu, kapsayıcı gibi sıfatları düşünebilmemizi sağlayan ‘akıl’, şehrin önüne eklendiğinde de bu sıfatları kapsaması oldukça mantıklıdır. Diğer bir deyişle akıllı olan bir şehir zaten sürdürülebilir, yaşanabilir, dirençli ve kapsayıcıdır. Akıllı cihazlarla özdeşleşen “akıllı” kelimesinin gerçek anlamda akıllı davranan insanlar gibi “akıllı” olarak değerlendirilmesi ve şehirlerin teknoloji çöplüğüne dönüştürülmemesi tavsiye edilmektedir. Bu sayede akıllı şehir kavramından teknoloji çıkarılsa da geriye akıllı davranan şehirler kalabilecek, iklim değişikliğine uyum, etkilerinin hafifletilmesi ve mücadele gibi şehirlerin günümüz ve gelecekteki sorunlarına daha hızlı çözüm üretilebilecektir. Sonuç olarak teknolojinin ve yenilikçi yöntemleri uygulamanın bir amaç değil araç olduğu şehirler için akıllı şehir veya “akıl dostu şehir” ifadesinin kullanılarak amaçlara odaklanmanın günümüz ve geleceğin kentleri açısından daha doğru olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
El espacio geográfico
Authors: Córdova Aguilar Hildegardo
Published: April 2023

En esta ocasión me ocuparé del espacio geográfico que se encuentra en la misma definición de la geograffa. Esta es la ciencia que se ocupa de estudiar las formas de organización del espacio geográfico y las interrelaciones naturales y humanas que lo caracterizan. El espacio geográfico en su forma más extensa es entendido como la superficie de la tierra, que puede subdividirse en continentes, regiones, lugares, etc. El análisis geográfico asume que los fenómenos están distribuidos en la tierra o en cualquier área mas pequeña, según uno o más sistemas de arreglos que son al menos potencialmente identificables. Este aspecto importante de la geograffa la lleva a interesarse por el ordenamiento espacial de las cosas y especialmente de las actividades humanas. Muchos de estos sistemas espaciales son obvios, como por ejemplo las unidades políticas, tales como países, provincias, distritos, etc. Igualmente, son obvios los patrones de usos del suelo, como plantaciones u otros tipos de agricultura e industria. Otros, en cambio, son menos obvios, tales como la distribución espacial de ingresos y las incidencias de enfermedades en lugares determinados.
El espacio geográfico del Perú en pensadores del Novecientos
Authors: Flores de Saco Adriana
Published: April 2023

La observación del territorio nacional en el mapa que presenta el Dr. Osear Miró Quesada en su obra Los elementos científicos de la geografia del Perú, nos debe mover a reflexionar. No para la simple constatación de la reducción de fronteras, que algunos políticos y juristas nacionales podrían explicar como una definición natural y tardía de límites, al producirse · el desmembramiento del Virreinato del Perú, con la Independencia de las Naciones Hispanoamericanas. Creó que lo importante al mirar el mapa del Perú de 1919 es preguntarnos ¿cuál es la visión de espacio patrio que el peruano poseía al independizarnos?, y después de un siglo de definición de fronteras?, ¿cuál fue la visión del espacio patrio a comienzos de siglo? y avanzando al presente ¿cuál es nuestra definición actual de fronteras?, ¿cuál es nuestro espacio y la visión de nuestro espacio territorial, desde un enfoque histórico-geográfico y qué valor posee el rrúsmo para el peruano? Vivimos un siglo en que hemos presenciado el despojo de territorios, el surgimiento y la desaparición de naciones, la edificación de patrimonios nacionales fuera de fronteras, en el mar, en la competencia de mercados internacionales. Sabemos de la disrrúnución del poder del Estado-Nación ante la fuerza de los organismos internacionales polítícos (ONU, OEA), sociales (Amnistía Internacional), económicos (El Club de París, el de Roma, el Banco Mundial, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo) y ante la visión de este nuevo orden, hay el peligro de que el peruano sienta disminuido el valor de su territorio.
Espacios protegidos : conservación y desarrollo local
Authors: Novoa Goicochea Zaniel I.
Published: April 2023

El entorno juega un importante rol respecto a las comunidades humanas: es la fuente primaria de recursos naturales y energéticos; es el resumidero de los desperdicios que inevitablemente generan las actividades humanas; y espacio vital donde tales comunidades se asientan y localizan sus actividades. El progreso técnico y las necesidades de los seres vivos, entre ellos el hombre, compiten por la utilización de los recursos y ponen de manifiesto el gran problema. El progreso técnico y la presión demográfica al multiplicar sus efectos, confieren al problema un nivel de gravedad cada vez mayor. En los actuales momentos, de tendencias globalizantes, de nuevas políticas económicas y promoción del individualismo, que olvidan lo fundamental y trascendente, es necesario hacer esfuerzos para debatir y poner a punto iniciativas que contemplen formas alternativas y eficaces de aprovechamiento de recursos, con prácticas tradicionales más sensatas y/o aplicando las modernas tecnologías con mayor lucidez y prudencia ambiental. Esto en la práctica se concreta en espacios menores potenciando las capacidades naturales y humanas de base.
Extensión y fronteras del Perú : alcances del Setecientos (1740-1800)
Authors: Holguín Callo Oswaldo
Published: April 2023

La imagen territorial del Perú está contenida hoy en un mapa al alcance de todos, pero ello es resultado de un secular proceso de ocupación humana, afirmación de fronteras, negociaciones diplomáticas, esfuerzos cartográficos y delimitadores republicanos fácil de percibir que, sin embargo, enfrenta hoy mismo una problemática en la fachada amazónica que suscita justa preocupación y requiere particular cuidado
Las disputas por el espacio amazónico en el siglo XVIII. Las misiones de Maynas y el Reformismo de Frontera
Authors: Aburto Cotrina Carlos Oswaldo
Published: April 2023

Nuestro trabajo aborda el estudio de un espacio fronterizo colonial conocido como Maynas. En esa época, como en otras partes, las misiones se emplazaron sobre un área fronteriza. El momento, la coyuntura escogida es el siglo XVIII: la época de las reformas borbónicas y del "reformismo de frontera" como veremos a continuación.
Ecuador y Perú : espacios regionales siglo XIX
Authors: Mera Ávalos Arnaldo
Published: April 2023

La presente ponencia tiene como objeto de estudio analizar aquella lenta, pero continua ocupación del espacio regional amazónico, durante un período poco conocido del siglo XIX, el cual está centrado en las primeras cinco décadas de vida independiente de Ecuador y Perú. Destacando en perspectiva (ya que su estudio desbordaría el marco de esta investigación) aquella ocupación realizada por poblaciones no autóctonas, autoridades civiles y militares, misioneros de la Iglesia Católica. Así como de aquellos exploradores ocasionales, que recorrieron esos territorios amazónicos, antes que se iniciara la denominada "era del caucho", y que provocaría grandes transformaciones en la Amazonía de ambos países
Usos monetarios y espacio social
Authors: Noejovich Héctor Omar
Published: April 2023

El objeto de la investigación es desarroIIar hipótesis sobre el origen y naturaleza de ese síntoma, que, por otra parte, el reciente conflicto de la "estatízación" de la banca, y su respuesta "líberalízadora", han puesto de manifiesto su interrelación con el conflicto social.
La obra geográfica de José Toribio Polo
Authors: Dager Alva Joseph
Published: April 2023

En el siglo XIX, en el Perú, se dieron los primeros pasos para escribir lo que se entendía debía ser una Historia Nacional. Los dedicados al quehacer histórico veían a ésta como una necesidad urgente. Durante la primera mitad de este siglo la atención se concentró en la época colonial y en el proceso de la independencia. Hacía la segunda mitad, nuevas generaciones dedicarán sus investigaciones además al pasado prehispánico. José Toribio Polo es un historiador que pertenece a este último periodo histórico, y como tal, abordará estos temas en sus investigaciones, reclamando la existencia de esa gran Historia Nacional. El mismo no la efectúa, pero considera que ella no puede limitarse a la colección de hechos políticos o militares, sino que juzga indispensable que incluya asu9tos referidos a lo literario, lo eclesiástico y lo geográfico. En este trabajo presentaremos los artículos de José Toribio Polo relacionados a este último tema. Pero antes de abordar directamente nuestro punto, ofreceremos unos breves datos biográfü
¿Perdidos en el espacio?
Authors: Tagle Barton Patricia
Published: April 2023

No toda similitud es mera coincidencia puesto que, efectivamente, el título de esta ponencia es el de una conocida serie de televisión que se trasmitía por los años sesenta. Y no es tampoco mera coincidencia que esta serie, que presentaba los avatares de una familia en una expedición intergaláctica, se realizara en un momento en el que el hombre se aventuraba, en la realidad, a la conquista del espacio. Pero ¿qué es lo que esto significa? ¿Qué es lo que supone para el hombre la conquista del espacio?