bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kombination von hochwertiger Spektroskopie, Quantenchemie und Katalyse: nicht nur eine Modeerscheinung
Authors: Neese Frank
Published: August 2017

Die Quantenchemie kann als wesentliches Bindeglied zwischen Theorie und Experiment bei der Untersuchung katalytischer Reaktionen in allen Bereichen der Katalyse herangezogen werden. Das Hauptmerkmal dieses Ansatzes besteht darin, dass die Quantenchemie mit einem Arsenal hochwertiger spektroskopischer Methoden kombiniert wird. Auf diese Weise kann man zu Schlussfolgerungen gelangen, die weder durch Theorie noch durch Experiment alleine möglich gewesen wären.
Assessing the Stability of Fluorescently Encoded Nanoparticles in Lysosomes by Using Complementary Methods
Authors: Milosevic Ana M. , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Balog Sandor , Monnier Christophe A. , Petri‐Fink Alke , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara
Published: August 2017

Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising tools in biomedical research. In vitro testing is still the first method for initial evaluation; however, NP colloidal behavior and integrity, in particular inside cells (that is, in lysosomes), are largely unknown and difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of the environment. Furthermore, while the majority of NPs are usually labeled with fluorescent dyes for tracking purposes, the effect of the lysosomal environment on the fluorophore properties, as well as the ensuing effects on data interpretation, is often only sparsely addressed. In this work, we have employed several complementary analytical methods to better understand the fate of fluorescently encoded NPs and identify potential pitfalls that may arise from focusing primary analysis on a single attribute, for example, fluorophore detection. Our study shows that in a lysosomal environment NPs can undergo significant changes resulting in dye quenching and distorted fluorescence signals.
Photochemical Dual‐Catalytic Synthesis of Alkynyl Sulfides
Authors: Santandrea Jeffrey , Minozzi Clémentine , Cruché Corentin , Collins Shawn K.
Published: August 2017

A photochemical dual‐catalytic cross‐coupling to form alkynyl sulfides via C(sp)−S bond formation is described. The cross‐coupling of thiols and bromoalkynes is promoted by a soluble organic carbazole‐based photocatalyst using continuous flow techniques. Synthesis of alkynyl sulfides bearing a wide range of electronically and sterically diverse aromatic alkynes and thiols can be achieved in good to excellent yields (50–96 %). The simple continuous flow setup also allows for short reaction times (30 min) and high reproducibility on gram scale. In addition, we report the first application of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis towards macrocyclization, as well as the first example of the incorporation of an alkynyl sulfide functional group into a macrocyclic scaffold.
From Fenestrindane towards Saddle‐Shaped Nanographenes Bearing a Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom
Authors: Wong Wai‐Shing , Ng Chun‐Fai , Kuck Dietmar , Chow Hak‐Fun
Published: August 2017

Two saddle‐shaped polycyclic aromatic compounds (8 a and 8 b) bearing an all‐cis‐[5.5.5.5]fenestrane core surrounded by an o,p,o,p,o,p,o,p‐cyclooctaphenylene belt were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The key step of this synthesis involves the formation of four cycloheptatriene rings from the corresponding electron‐rich 1,4,9,12‐tetraarylfenestrindane derivatives 7 a and 7 b in Scholl‐type cyclizations. The structural details of the D2d‐symmetric saddle compound 8 a were determined by X‐ray crystallography, and the properties of 8 a and 8 b were studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Uniformly dispersed copper nanoparticles onto the modified magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for aqueous synthesis of primary amides
Authors: Ziaee Fariborz , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Magnetically recoverable and environmentally friendly Cu‐based heterogeneous catalyst has been synthesized for the one‐pot conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding primary amides. The Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which was then coated with a silica shell via Stöber method. Bi‐functional cysteine amino acid was covalently bonded onto the siliceous shell of nanocatalyst. The CuII ions were then loaded onto the modified surface of nanocatalyst. Finally, uniformly dispersed copper nanoparticles were achieved by reduction of CuII ions with NaBH4. Amidation reaction of aryl halides with electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups and hydroxylamine hydrochloride catalyzed with Fe3O4@SiO2@Cysteine‐copper (FSC‐Cu) MNPs in aqueous condition gave an excellent yield of products. The FSC‐Cu MNPs could be easily isolated from the reaction mixture with an external magnet and reused at least 8 times without significant loss in activity.
Depression and social phobia in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Smeltere Ligita , Kuzņecovs Vladimirs , Erts Renārs
Published: August 2017

Background

Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common movement disorders, and tremor is the most visible symptom. Comparative study on ET and PD clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms was performed to assess the impact of emotional state on tremor.

Objectives

To investigate the most common psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and social phobia) and their correlations with motor symptoms, especially tremor, in ET and PD patients.

Materials and Methods

This comparative cross‐sectional study consisted of neurological examinations, five self‐assessment questionnaires (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], Social Interaction Anxiety Scale [SIAS], Social Phobia Scale [SPS], and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory[STAI]), clinical interviews with 45 ET patients, 40 PD patients, and 40 controls (CG), and statistical analysis was performed for 40:35:39 respectively.

Results

BDI revealed depressive disorders of various severities in all groups (ET=79.5%, PD=91.2%, and CG=66.7%). The study found no significant difference between ET and PD groups (p = .708) and significant difference between the patients and controls (ET/CG p = .049; PD/CG p = .007).

Depression (DASS(D), BDI) did not correlate with tremor severity (p > .05) in ET and PD patients.

The prevalence of social phobia was ET=50.0%, PD=42.9%, and CG=20.5%. There was significant difference between ET/CG (SIAS p = .02, SPS p = .001) and PD/CG (SPS p = .018), but no difference between ET and PD groups (p > .05). Tremor and SPS moderately correlated in ET patients (r = .35, p = .02).

Conclusions

ET and PD patients showed high comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, but there was no significant difference between these two groups. ET severity correlated with social phobia scale scores.
Trapping as retrieval technique to resolve a ruptured and entrapped coronary balloon catheter
Authors: León Jiménez Javier , Roa Garrido Jessica , Camacho Freire Santiago Jesús , Díaz Fernández José Francisco
Published: August 2017

A 69 year old male, with a previous percutaneous revascularization of the mid‐circumflex with a bare metal stent in 2007 was admitted to our centre for unstable angina. The angiography showed a severely calcified coronary tree with a functionally severe plaque on the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) and a critical focal lesion on the proximal right coronary artery. After a high pressure predilation on the proximal LAD, the balloon ruptured causing a retrograde LAD‐left main (LM) dissection that was rapidly sealed with three overlapping zotarolimus‐eluting stents from medial LAD to LM. We then used a new non‐compliant balloon for successive aggressive postdilation. After a difficult handling, when the balloon catheter was pulled out of the body and we realized that the tip and membranous part of the balloon‐catheter was separated from the rest, and entangled at the LM. After a first approach to retrieve the dislodged balloon with a snare, the ruptured balloon was successfully removed by trapping and withdrawing the whole system, including the guiding catheter and the wire.
Demand Response Potentials for the Chemical Industry
Authors: Klaucke Franziska , Karsten Tim , Holtrup Frank , Esche Erik , Morosuk Tatiana , Tsatsaronis George , Repke Jens‐Uwe
Published: August 2017

Ein auf erneuerbare Energiequellen ausgerichtetes Versorgungssystem benötigt ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität, um Systemstabilität zu sichern. Lastmanagement kann einen großen Beitrag leisten und die chemische Industrie als einer der größten Verbraucher elektrischer Energie dabei eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Analyse der bisher hierzu durchgeführten Studien zeigt große Potenziale für den Chlor‐Alkali‐Prozess und die Luftverflüssigung. Die variablen Kosten sind mit anderen Flexibilisierungsoptionen vergleichbar. Zur Bestimmung der tatsächlich realisierbaren Potenziale bedarf es noch weiterer Untersuchungen.
Measurement and Control of the Gloss of Chocolate
Authors: Glaser Tobias , Hones Christian , Heilemann Andre , von Frieling Petra , Schräer C. , Lörcher Marc
Published: August 2017

Neben Geschmack und Abschmelzverhalten ist der Glanz ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Qualität von Schokoladenprodukten. Prozessparameter der Schokoladenherstellung können den Glanz beeinflussen. Hier wird ein Messverfahren vorgestellt mit dem auch kleine Schokoladenartikel untersucht werden können. Der Glanz wird reproduzierbar und mit einer statistisch abgesicherten Signifikanz gemessen. Prozessparameter der Herstellung werden einzeln variiert und der Einfluss auf den Glanz bestimmt. Eine Methode zur Glanzverbesserung wird vorgeschlagen und die Bedeutung der Formenbeschaffenheit betrachtet.
Ein blaues Wunder für Fressfeinde
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: August 2017

Einige Insekten und Tausendfüßer verteidigen sich mit Hilfe von Blausäure gegen Fressfeinde. Dies ist eine Herausforderung für die Produzenten, weil sie sich selbst gegen den flüchtigen und potenten Hemmstoff der Atmungskette schützen müssen. Kürzlich wurde die Fähigkeit, Blausäure zur Verteidigung zu nutzen, erstmals auch bei einem Spinnentier gefunden. Die heimische Hornmilbenart schützt sich dabei durch die Produktion einer in wasserfreier Umgebung stabilen Speicherform, aus der das Gift im Speichel eines Angreifers schnell freigesetzt wird.
Raupen zerlegen PE
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: August 2017

Eine hungrige kleine Raupe frisst Löcher in Plastiktüten – aber könnte sie auch helfen, unser Müllproblem zu lösen?
Aus Drei mach Eins
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: August 2017

In der organischen Chemie sind Kreuzkupplungen zwischen zwei Komponenten längst ein Standardwerkzeug. Die Idee, insgesamt drei Komponenten in einer Kupplungsreaktion zur Reaktion zu bringen und somit in einer Kaskade gleich zwei neue Bindungen zu knüpfen, erweitert nun die Möglichkeiten.
Wie normales Glas (fast) unzerstörbar wird
Authors: Litzius Kai
Published: August 2017

Ganz normales Glas, wie es in Form von Platten als Fensterscheiben benutzt wird, kann sehr außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften zeigen und sogar eine Gewehrkugel zersplittern lassen; außerdem kann es Autofenster sicherer machen und helfen, die Vorgänge in Vulkanen zu verstehen.
Die Proteinfabrik reguliert sich selbst
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: August 2017

Seit der Entdeckung, dass die Proteinfabrik der Zelle im Grunde eine katalytische RNA darstellt, sind ihre über 50 Proteine beinahe in Vergessenheit geraten. Nun fanden Forscher, dass diese mitentscheiden, welche Proteine hergestellt werden.
Effect of Axial Magnetic Field on Thermocapillary Convection with Bidirectional Temperature Gradients in a Shallow Annular Pool
Authors: Rao Fei , Peng Lan
Published: August 2017

The thermocapillary convection, which is driven by bidirectional temperature gradients, widely exists in the process of crystal growth and plays an important role in affecting the quality of production. The bidirectional temperature gradients are made up of the temperature difference between inner wall and outer wall along the horizontal direction, the heat flux from the bottom in the vertical direction, and the radiation on the free surface. In this paper, the effect of axial magnetic field on thermocapillary convection with bidirectional temperature gradients was investigated through a series of 3D numerical computations in a shallow annular pool filled with silicon melt. The intensity of axial magnetic field is described by the dimensionless Hartmann number (Ha). The results reveal that: both the steady and unsteady flow could be effectively suppressed by the axial magnetic field; With the increasing of Ha, the three‐dimensional steady flow would turn into basic flow; The inhibition effect, which is caused by axial magnetic field, has different performances on two different types of unsteady flow as the further increment in Ha; In addition, axial magnetic field would increase the value of critical number Qcri, when the horizontal temperature gradient remains unchanged.
Neural stem cell therapy aiming at better functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Zhu Yicheng , Uezono Naohiro , Yasui Tetsuro , Nakashima Kinichi
Published: August 2017

Injury to the spinal cord causes transection of axon fibers and neural cell death, resulting in disruption of the neural network and severe functional loss. Reconstruction of the damaged neural circuits was once considered to be hopeless as the adult mammalian central nervous system has very poor ability to regenerate. For this reason, there is currently no effective therapeutic treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, with recent developments in stem cell research and cell culture technology, regenerative therapy using neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has rapidly been developed, and this therapeutic strategy makes it possible to rebuild the destroyed neural circuits. In this review, we discuss the recent breakthroughs in NSC transplantation therapy for SCI. Developmental Dynamics 247:75–84, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogenetic position and age of Lake Baikal candonids (Crustacea, Ostracoda) inferred from multigene sequence analyzes and molecular dating
Authors: Karanovic Ivana , Sitnikova Tatiana Ya.
Published: August 2017

With 104 endemic species family Candonidae is one of the most diverse crustacean groups in Lake Baikal, yet their phylogenetic relationships and position in the family have not been addressed so far. Here, we study the phylogenetic position of Baikal candonids within the family and their evolutionary history using molecular markers for the first time since their original description. We choose 10 Baikal and 28 species from around the world, and three ribosomal RNA‐s (18S, 28S, and 16S), and analyze individual and concatenated datasets using Bayesian Inference in MrBayes and BEAST. For molecular divergence time estimates, four fossil records are used to calibrate the root and three internal nodes. The 28S dataset is tested under the strict molecular clock, while for other data we use relaxed clocks. Resulting trees show incongruence between molecular and fossil divergence time estimates, with the former suggesting older ages. Strict molecular clock analysis results in narrower node age confidence intervals and younger time estimates than other analysis. All trees support at least two candonid lineages in Baikal, with two independent colonization events, and 28S suggests a major radiation between 12 and 5 Mya. This divergence time estimate mostly agrees with another, unrelated, ostracod group in the lake and other lake animals as well. Baikal candonid clades show a close phylogenetic relationship with Palearctic lineages, but their deep divergence is indicative of separate genera. Results also suggest a monophyly of tribes that today live exclusively in subterranean waters, and we offer several hypotheses of their evolutionary history.
Hydrological controls of fisheries production in a major Amazonian tributary
Authors: Lima Maria Alice Leite , Kaplan David Andrew , Rodrigues da Costa Doria Carolina
Published: August 2017

Amazonian rivers are characterized by a strongly seasonal flood pulse, which is being altered by ongoing and planned hydropower development across the basin. Changes in hydrology have a cascade of physical, ecological, and social effects, and some ecohydrological changes in the Amazon are expected to be irreversible. To better understand these linkages, we investigated shared trends and causal factors driving fish catch in a major Amazonian tributary before dam construction to derive relationships between catch and natural hydrologic dynamics that can be used to assess likely post‐dam fisheries impacts. We applied a time series‐based dimension reduction technique (dynamic factor analysis) to investigate dynamics in fish catch across 10 commercially important species using daily fish landings and hydrological data. We found a 4‐trend dynamic factor model to best fit the observed data, with fitted trends exhibiting variation representative of seasonal and longer‐term hydrologic variation. We next considered 11 candidate explanatory time series and found the best dynamic factor model used 4 explanatory variables: maximum water level, flooding duration, previous year's flow, and rate of change in flow; however, each species showed a unique response to this set of hydrological variables. Species‐specific responses suggested that future dam operating rules need to closely mimic the natural hydrologic regime in order to maintain the biological dynamics of this and similarly diverse systems. In particular, high flows associated with increased catch the following year are important to maintain, but may be difficult to achieve in the context of reservoir regulation and energy production goals.
Thiocyanation of N,N‐Dialkylhydrazonoyl Bromides: An Entry to Sulfur‐Containing 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Uzel Alexandre , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno
Published: August 2017

A simple and practical one‐pot protocol involving sequential C–H bromination and thiocyanation of readily available aldehyde‐derived N,N‐dialkylhydrazones has been established for the synthesis of 5‐thioxo‐1,2,4‐triazolium inner salts. Application of the method toward the synthesis of value‐added 3‐sulfanyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles through N→S alkyl group transfer has also been demonstrated.
Straightforward and Regioselective Access to Unsaturated α‐Benzyl Butyrolactones
Authors: Talbi Arbia , Bsaibess Talia , Efrit Mohamed Lotfi , M'Rabet Hédi , Gaucher Anne , Prim Damien
Published: August 2017

The efficient preparation of various substituted α‐benzyl unsaturated butyrolactones is described. The palladium‐mediated C–C bond formation that uses α‐bromomethylbutenolide and boron derivatives as coupling partners accounts for the key step of this synthetic approach. Our strategy exclusively affords the endocyclic adduct and represents an alternative to Heck‐type reactions. The synthesis and characterization of two nostoclide analogues has also been reported.
Efficient Synthesis of 11C‐Acrylesters, 11C‐Acrylamides and Their Application in Michael Addition Reactions for PET Tracer Development
Authors: Filp Ulrike , Pees Anna L. , Taddei Carlotta , Pekošak Aleksandra , Gee Antony D. , Windhorst Albert D. , Poot Alex J.
Published: August 2017

Here we present a new Michael addition reaction utilizing carbon‐11 labeled acrylic esters and amides. Subsequently, reactions of these synthons with commercially available Schiff base precursors are performed to produce [11C]glutamate and [11C]glutamine. This methodology is especially useful for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents as it offers a new array of potential carbon‐11 labeled compounds with this original 11C–C bond forming strategy.
3D‐printed Metal Electrodes for Heavy Metals Detection by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Lee Ke Yau , Ambrosi Adriano , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2017

Heavy metals, being one of the most toxic and hazardous pollutants in natural water, are of great public health concern. Much effort is still being devoted to the optimization of the electroanalytical methods and devices, particularly for the development of novel electrode materials in order to enhance selectivity and sensitivity for the analysis of heavy metals. The ability of 3D‐printing to fabricate objects with unique structures and functions enables infinite possibilities for the creation of custom‐made electrochemical devices. Here, stainless steel 3D‐printed electrodes (3D‐steel) have been tested for individual and simultaneous square wave anodic stripping analysis of Pb and Cd in aqueous solution. Electrodeposition methods have also been employed to modify the steel electrode surface by coating with a thin gold film (3D−Au) or a bismuth film (3D−Bi) to enhance the analytical performance. All 3D‐printed electrodes (3D‐steel, 3D−Au and 3D−Bi) have been tested against a conventionally employed glassy carbon electrode (GC) for comparison. The surface modified electrodes (3D−Au and 3D−Bi) outperformed the GC electrode demonstrating higher sensitivity over the studied concentration ranges of 50–300 and 50–500 ppb for Pb and Cd, respectively. Owing to the bismuth property of binary alloys formation with heavy metals, 3D−Bi electrode displayed well‐defined, reproducible signals with relatively low detection limits of 3.53 and 9.35 ppb for Pb and Cd, respectively. The voltammetric behaviour of 3D−Bi electrode in simultaneous detection of Pb and Cd, as well as in individual detection of Pb in tap water was also monitored. Overall, 3D‐printed electrodes exhibited promising qualities for further investigation on a more customizable electrode design.
A case study of an autonomous wireless sensor network system for environmental data collection
Authors: Dong Ziqian , Meyland Sarah , Karaomeroglu Muhammet
Published: August 2017

This article presents a case study of the design of an autonomous wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring to provide data for understanding the relationships among food, energy, and water systems in suburban areas in Long Island New York. The study focuses on the existing water quality data for the two counties on Long Island, Nassau and Suffolk Counties, to understand the impact of energy and food production on the coastal waters of Long Island Sound and Peconic Bay. The analysis of existing data from the US Environmental Protection Agency database reveals the challenges in using such data to understand the relationships between water quality, weather events and identified point sources of pollutants. Maintaining on‐going data collection programs is expensive, time‐consuming and personnel intensive which is why this project examines new ways to obtain and utilize environmental data. The researchers propose the design of an autonomous wireless sensor network environmental monitoring system with an optimal sensor placement strategy to identify targeted locations for water quality monitoring. The goal is to provide environmental data that can facilitate a better understanding of the interactions of farming activities and energy production resulting in undesirable impacts on water quality. The proposed design can be used to provide real‐time data to help stakeholders improve efficiency in resource management and advance early detection of potential hazardous events. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 180–188, 2018
A generalized Rusanov method for the Baer‐Nunziato equations with application to DDT processes in condensed porous explosives
Authors: Menshov Igor , Serezhkin Alexey
Published: August 2017

The paper addresses a numerical approach for solving the Baer‐Nunziato equations describing compressible 2‐phase flows. We are developing a finite‐volume method where the numerical flux is approximated with the Godunov scheme based on the Riemann problem solution. The analytical solution to this problem is discussed, and approximate solvers are considered. The obtained theoretical results are applied to develop the discrete model that can be treated as an extension of the Rusanov numerical scheme to the Baer‐Nunziato equations. Numerical results are presented that concern the method verification and also application to the deflagration‐to‐detonation transition (DDT) in porous reactive materials.
Evaluation of a carers' information programme culturally adapted for South Asian families
Authors: Parveen Sahdia , Blakey Heather , Oyebode Jan R.
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The Alzheimer's Society has culturally adapted an Information Programme for South Asian families (IPSAF) who support an individual living with dementia. The objectives of this evaluation were to establish whether IPSAF had an immediate and medium‐term impact on those who attended and how it impacted on the wider family and the person with dementia.

Methods

An inclusive, pluralistic approach was adopted. Seven focus groups were conducted with 42 participants, and 37 participated in a pre‐post knowledge quiz. Seven family interviews were conducted with 17 participants, and 3 families were followed up after 6 months. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data.

Findings

The IPSAF was found to improve participants' knowledge of dementia leading to increased understanding of the person with dementia. Participants became more aware of available services and accessed services to make use of practical support. IPSAF was reported to have an impact for people living with dementia, with carers' newfound understanding resulting in some changes in care practice that promoted empowerment and independence for people living with dementia. There was also some evidence to suggest that IPSAF had an impact on the wider family, with participants sharing information about dementia with family members who had not attended the programme. Families were continuing to make changes to improve the lives of people living with dementia 6 months later, suggesting IPSAF had a sustained impact.

Conclusion

This culturally adapted programme was found to have a significant impact on carers, the person with dementia, and the wider family.
Does baseline depression increase the risk of unexplained and accidental falls in a cohort of community‐dwelling older people? Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Briggs Robert , Kennelly Sean P. , Kenny Rose Anne
Published: August 2017

Background

Depression independently increases the risk of falls in older people, but the mechanism for this relationship, as well as the specific falls type involved, remains unclear.

Accidental falls (AFs) are due to slips or trips, while the cause of unexplained falls (UFs) is not immediately apparent and can include unrecognised syncope.

Method

This longitudinal study examines the relationship between baseline depression and subsequent falls, both accidental and unexplained, at 2‐year follow‐up in a cohort of community dwelling adults aged ≥50 years.

Baseline depression was defined as a score ≥16 on The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. At follow‐up, participants were assessed regarding falls since last interview.

Results

One‐third (228/647) of the depressed group had fallen at follow‐up, compared with 22% (1388/6243) of the nondepressed group (P < .001).

Multiple logistic regression models demonstrated that depression was associated with an odds ratio of 1.58 (1.31‐1.89) P < .001; 1.24 (1.00‐1.52), P = .046; and 1.89 (1.45‐2.46), P < .001 for total falls, AFs and UFs, respectively, after controlling for relevant covariates.

Participants with depression who fell were more likely to have prior falls, functional impairment and slower gait when compared with depressed participants who did not fall.

Discussion

The risk of falls associated with depression in older adults is more marked for UFs, with the association for AFs approaching borderline significance only.

This finding is important because UFs require focused clinical assessment with attention to potential causes such as cardiac arrhythmia or orthostatic hypotension.
Are Transplant Recipients Human Subjects When Research Is Conducted on Organ Donors?
Authors: Heffernan Kate Gallin , Glazier Alexandra K.
Published: August 2017

Interventional research on deceased organ donors and donor organs prior to transplant holds the promise of reducing the number of patients who die waiting for an organ by expanding the pool of transplantable organs and improving transplant outcomes. However, one of the key challenges researchers face is an assumption that someone who receives an organ that was part of an interventional research protocol is always a human subject of that same study. The consequences of this assumption include the need for oversight by an institutional review board and for research‐level informed consent from transplant recipients, all within the complex practical realities of the organ donation and transplantation process in the United States. The current national focus on this issue provides an opportunity to think critically about the policy goals of the human subjects regulations and their application to the nascent field of deceased organ donor intervention research. We propose that for donor research where the transplant recipient does not fall under the definition of human subject, the clinical consent model—rather than the consent model used for human research subjects—best facilitates the policy objectives of balancing clinical innovation, transparency, and protection of patients in an ethically responsible and legally compliant manner.
Research gaps in routine health information system design barriers to data quality and use in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A literature review
Authors: Kumar Manish , Gotz David , Nutley Tara , Smith Jason B.
Published: August 2017

Despite the potential impact of health information system (HIS) design barriers on health data quality and use and, ultimately, health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), no comprehensive literature review has been conducted to study them in this context. We therefore conducted a formal literature review to understand system design barriers to data quality and use in LMICs and to identify any major research gaps related understanding how system design affects data use. We conducted an electronic search across 4 scientific databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health—and consulted a data use expert. Following a systematic inclusion and exclusion process, 316 publications (316 abstracts and 18 full papers) were included in the review. We found a paucity of scientific publications that explicitly describe system design factors that hamper data quality or data use for decision making. Although user involvement, work flow, human‐computer interactions, and user experience are critical aspects of system design, our findings suggest that these issues are not discussed or conceptualized in the literature. Findings also showed that individual training efforts focus primarily on imparting data analysis skills. The adverse impact of HIS design barriers on data integrity and health system performance may be even bigger in LMICs than elsewhere, leading to errors in population health management and clinical care. We argue for integrating systems thinking into HIS strengthening efforts to reduce the HIS design‐user reality gap.
Stable isotope‐based mean catchment altitudes of springs in the Lebanon Mountains
Authors: Koeniger Paul , Margane Armin , Abi‐Rizk Jean , Himmelsbach Thomas
Published: August 2017

Stable isotopes of water are known to provide information on mean altitudes of spring recharge areas, which is an important parameter for groundwater resources management especially in karstic environments. Very often, a lack of precipitation input data limits the possibility for an appropriate estimation of mean catchment altitudes. In the Jeita spring catchment, Lebanon, a characterization of precipitation input was possible with samples collected at six stations at varying altitudes (88 amount‐weighted monthly samples). A local meteoric water line for the Jeita spring catchment was characterized as δ2H = 6.04 * δ18O + 8.45 (R2 = .92) for a 2‐year observation period between October 2012 and September 2014. Integral samples from the snow layer were collected at 22 sites at altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 2,300 m above sea level at the end of February 2012 and February 2013, when snow height reached a maximum of more than 6 m at the highest peak in the catchment. Water samples were continuously collected from six springs (Jeita, Kashkoush, Labbane, Assal, Afqa, and Rouaiss). Jeita spring water samples were collected additionally in daily time steps during the snowmelt season in 2012. Mean isotope values of the sampled springs range from −6.8‰ to −8.2‰, and from −33‰ to −44‰, for δ18O and δ2H, respectively. The stable isotope data show that input variability (space and time, snow cover, and rainfall) has direct impacts on mean altitude estimates of spring catchments. A more profound interpretation of spring response to rainfall for six local springs in the Lebanon Mountains was possible in comparison to four earlier described springs collected in the Anti‐Lebanon Mountains in Syria.
Skeletal muscle dispersion (400‐1000 nm) and kinetics at optical clearing
Authors: Oliveira Luís M. , Carvalho Maria I. , Nogueira Elisabete M. , Tuchin Valery V.
Published: August 2017

Skeletal muscle dispersion and optical clearing (OC) kinetics were studied experimentally to prove the existence of the refractive index (RI) matching mechanism of OC. Sample thickness and collimated transmittance spectra were measured during treatments with glucose (40%) and ethylene glycol (EG; 99%) solutions and used to obtain the time dependence of the RI of tissue fluids based on the proposed theoretical model. Calculated results demonstrated an increase of RI of tissue fluids and consequently proved the occurrence of the RI matching mechanism. The RI increase was observed for the wavelength range between 400 and 1000 nm and for the 2 probing molecules explored. We found that for 30 min treatment with 40% glucose and 99% EG, RI of sarcoplasm plus interstitial fluid was increased at 800 nm from 1.328 to 1.348 and from 1.328 to 1.369, respectively.
Crosstalk Between MLO‐Y4 Osteocytes and C2C12 Muscle Cells Is Mediated by the Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Huang Jian , Romero‐Suarez Sandra , Lara Nuria , Mo Chenglin , Kaja Simon , Brotto Leticia , Dallas Sarah L , Johnson Mark L , Jähn Katharina , Bonewald Lynda F , Brotto Marco
Published: August 2017

We examined the effects of osteocyte secreted factors on myogenesis and muscle function. MLO‐Y4 osteocyte‐like cell conditioned media (CM) (10%) increased ex vivo soleus muscle contractile force by ∼25%. MLO‐Y4 and primary osteocyte CM (1% to 10%) stimulated myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, but 10% osteoblast CMs did not enhance C2C12 cell differentiation. Because WNT3a and WNT1 are secreted by osteocytes, and the expression level of Wnt3a is increased in MLO‐Y4 cells by fluid flow shear stress, both were compared, showing WNT3a more potent than WNT1 in inducing myogenesis. Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with WNT3a at concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/mL mirrored the effects of both primary osteocyte and MLO‐Y4 CM by inducing nuclear translocation of β‐catenin with myogenic differentiation, suggesting that Wnts might be potential factors secreted by osteocytes that signal to muscle cells. Knocking down Wnt3a in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes inhibited the effect of CM on C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Sclerostin (100 ng/mL) inhibited both the effects of MLO‐Y4 CM and WNT3a on C2C12 cell differentiation. RT‐PCR array results supported the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by MLO‐Y4 CM and WNT3a. These results were confirmed by qPCR, showing upregulation of myogenic markers and two Wnt/β‐catenin downstream genes, Numb and Flh1. We postulated that MLO‐Y4 CM/WNT3a could modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis as the trigger mechanism for the enhanced myogenesis and contractile force. MLO‐Y4 CM and WNT3a increased caffeine‐induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of C2C12 myotubes and the expression of genes directly associated with intracellular Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis. Together, these data show that in vitro and ex vivo, osteocytes can stimulate myogenesis and enhance muscle contractile function and suggest that Wnts could be mediators of bone to muscle signaling, likely via modulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and the Wnt/ β‐Catenin pathway. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Formatting an experiential learning education module to encourage dysphagia assessment in apheresis patients
Authors: West James , Stutzman Sonja E. , Atem Folefac , Olson DaiWai M.
Published: August 2017

Background

Dysphagia screening is oftentimes a focus of hospitalized patients, but dysphagia can also occur in outpatient settings. Dysphagia can be overlooked by nurses and clinicians, and it is therefore important to educate nurses on the importance of dysphagia screenings.

Methods

This was a randomized prospective pilot study to compare the effect of experiential learning versus traditional PowerPoint learning regarding nurses' attitudes towards performing dysphagia screening in an outpatient setting. Twelve pre and post‐test surveys were collected from nurses working in outpatient apheresis about their attitudes towards dysphagia screening. Additionally, 128 electronic medical records (EMR) were reviewed to determine if education increased the occurrence of dysphagia screening.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in the pre vs. post‐test group scores (P < .001), but due to small sample size, there was insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis that nurses had changed their attitudes towards dysphagia screening. Comparing documentation of dysphagia assessment in the EMR, there was not a significant difference in practice before or after the educational intervention (P = 0.18).

Conclusions

The study results showed that the both types of teaching strategies are possible with nurses and they were receptive to both. Although the results of this study did not show a significant difference in practice, more research is needed to determine how to raise awareness and put this into practice.
Solvent‐free Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes and Tetra‐hydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐ones over Poly(N,N′‐dibromo‐N‐ethylnaphtyl‐2,7‐sulfonamide)
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rezaei Mahshid , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza , Saednia Shahnaz
Published: August 2017

In this work, poly(N,N′‐dibromo‐N‐ethylnaphtyl‐2,7‐sulfonamide) (PDNES) as a highly efficient catalyst was applied for the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes and tetra‐hydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐ones under neutral and solvent‐free conditions.
Colorimetric Chemosensor for Chloramphenicol Based on Colloidal Magnetically Assembled Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystals
Authors: You Ai‐mei , Ni Xin‐jiong , Cao Yu‐hua , Cao Guang‐qun
Published: August 2017

A novel colorimetric chemosensor with good sensitivity, specificity, and self‐reporting capability for chloramphenicol (CAP) has been successfully constructed based on colloidal, magnetically assembled photonic crystals coupled with molecular imprinting. The colloidal, magnetically assembled, molecularly imprinted photonic crystals (CMA‐MIPCs) were prepared by assembling CAP in magnetic, molecularly imprinted nanohydrogels (MMIHs) in a magnetic field. The magnetic assembly of photonic crystals and the sensing processes could be completed simultaneously when MMIHs were dispersed in CAP solutions and in a magnetic field, and the response time was less than 1 min. The CAP concentration could be visually determined from the color change of the CMA‐MIPCs sensor. The diffraction color blue‐shifted from luminous yellow of the blank to purple in a 1.0 mg/mL CAP solution, with a determination limit of 1.0 × 10−3 mg/mL. It could provide a new strategy for qualitative or semiquantitative detection of CAP.
A Green Route to Produce Adipic Acid on TiO2–Fe2O3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Ameur Nawal , Bachir Redouane , Bedrane Sumeya , Choukchou‐Braham Abderrahim
Published: August 2017

In this work, we study cyclohexene oxidation by molecular oxygen on doped‐TiO2. The improvement of the oxidizing capacity of titanium oxide by doping with iron oxide at different molar ratios is checked. All materials with different molar ratios (Ti/Fe = 9, 4, and 2) are prepared by the sol–gel method and fully characterized by ICP, XRD, SEM, DR/UV–vis, IR, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results show that iron is successfully incorporated into the titanium matrix but the incorporated amount is limited. In catalytic tests, improved activity is noticed while using TiO2 in the presence of Fe2O3, which is due the improved oxidation. Conversion in the range of 21–42% depending on the presence of iron oxide was obtained with excellent yield of adipic acid (97% selectivity).
Discrimination of tumor from normal tissues in a mouse model of breast cancer using CARS spectroscopy combined with PC‐DFA methodology
Authors: Huang Xi , Yuan Ye , Bielecki Timothy A. , Mohapatra Bhopal C. , Luan Haitao , Silva‐Lopez Edibaldo , West William W. , Band Vimla , Lu Yongfeng , Band Hamid , Zhang Tian C.
Published: August 2017

Objective methodologies to discriminate tumor from normal tissue in biopsies and resection specimens are of great interest as complementary approaches to existing pathological diagnosis of tumors. In the present study, coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy was applied as an approach to discriminate resected tumor from normal mammary tissue in murine mammary tumor virus‐Wnt‐1 transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Due to the dense CH molecular vibration in the range from 2500 to 3100 cm−1, the classification was performed by using principal component‐discriminant function analysis to discriminate tumor from the normal tissue. A total of 240 training and 40 testing CARS spectra were acquired. The overall accuracy of CARS, based on cross‐validation and external validation method, was 98% and 95%, respectively. The present study demonstrates a diagnostic method with a 1‐s spectral acquirement rate, using a CARS spectroscopic technique. Our results suggest that CARS combined with the principal component‐discriminant function analysis is a potentially useful tool for identification and classification of breast cancer tissues. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensing carbon allotropes in protective coatings on optical fibers with far‐ and near‐field Raman spectroscopy and microscopy
Authors: Kharintsev Sergey S. , Saparina Svetlana V. , Stolov Andrei A. , Li Jie , Fishman Alexandr I.
Published: August 2017

Hermetic carbon coatings of different thicknesses ranging from 1 to 100 nm on a series of optical fibers are characterized with confocal Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Standard far‐field Raman spectra in the region of 1,000–2,000 cm−1 were fitted and well reproduced using 5 individual components assigned to different species of graphite‐like and disordered phases. Based on the fitting, a new spectroscopic indicator was proposed:
, where G* and D* and Δ are intensities at the maxima of the graphite‐like G peak and the disorder‐induced D peak and the dip between them, respectively. This indicator provides a measure of soot fraction in carbonaceous materials. A tip‐enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) technique confirmed the complex structure of the first‐order Raman D band assigned to disordered graphitic lattice vibrations. In addition, the TERS method provided convincing evidence for the formation of carbon allotropes, such as carbon nanotubes in the coatings. Possible effects of allotropes on hydrogen and water permeation through carbon coating are discussed in the view of the obtained results.
Change in HER2 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the prognostic impact in patients with primary breast cancer
Authors: Yoshida Atsushi , Hayashi Naoki , Suzuki Koyu , Takimoto Masafumi , Nakamura Seigo , Yamauchi Hideko
Published: August 2017

Background

We aimed to assess change in HER2 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with primary breast cancer and the prognostic impact of such changes.

Patients and Methods

The study comprised 588 patients with a non‐pathologic complete response who received anthracycline and/or taxane‐based regimens in NAC setting. HER2 status was assessed before NAC and in residual invasive tumor of the surgical specimens. The associations between the change in HER2 status and clinicopathological factors were assessed.

Results

Before NAC, 489 (83%) of the 588 patients had HER2‐negative tumors and 99 patients (17%) had HER2‐positive tumors. Eleven (2.2%) of the HER2‐negative tumors changed to HER2‐positive, while 33 (33%) of the HER2‐positive tumors changed to HER2‐negative. ER and PR‐positivity before NAC were associated with loss of HER2‐positivity, whereas receiving trastuzumab was not. In terms of disease‐free survival, there was no difference between patients with and those without change in HER2 status after NAC in either the patients with HER2‐negative tumors (P = 0.26) or with HER2‐positive tumors before NAC (P = 0.23).

Conclusion

Our results showed that changes in HER2 status did not affect patients’ prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether HER2‐targeting agents can be omitted when loss of HER2‐positivity is confirmed after NAC.
A prognostic mutation panel for predicting cancer recurrence in stages II and III colorectal cancer
Authors: Sho Shonan , Court Colin M. , Winograd Paul , Russell Marcia M. , Tomlinson James S.
Published: August 2017

Background and Objectives

Approximately 20‐40% of stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop relapse. Clinicopathological factors alone are limited in detecting these patients, resulting in potential under/over‐treatment. We sought to identify a prognostic tumor mutational profile that could predict CRC recurrence.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing data were obtained for 207 patients with stage II/III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Mutational landscape in relapse‐free versus relapsed cohort was compared using Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariate Cox regression to identify genes associated with cancer recurrence. Bootstrap‐validation was used to examine internal/external validity.

Results

We identified five prognostic genes (APAF1, DIAPH2, NTNG1, USP7, and VAV2), which were combined to form a prognostic mutation panel. Patients with ≥1 mutation(s) within this five‐gene panel had worse prognosis (3‐yr relapse‐free survival [RFS]: 53.0%), compared to patients with no mutation (3‐yr RFS: 84.3%). In multivariate analysis, the five‐gene panel remained prognostic for cancer recurrence independent of stage and high‐risk features (hazard ratio 3.63, 95%CI [1.93‐6.83], P < 0.0001). Furthermore, its prognostic accuracy was superior to the American Joint Commission on Cancer classification (concordance‐index: 0.70 vs 0.54).

Conclusions

Our proposed mutation panel identifies CRC patients at high‐risk for recurrence, which may help guide adjuvant therapy and post‐operative surveillance protocols.