bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 340 Cases Visited Rizgary Hospital in Hawler City during 2009-2010
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Shahen Ali , Haeder Dr. Ahmed Abdulla , Abdulla Dr. Hajer Ibrahem
Published: August 2022

During two years period from 2009-2010 cases with oral lesions and oral diseaseswere recorded and analyzed, based on clinical, radiographic and biopsy examinations.The oral diseases were divided into 8 groups ,including 110 cases oral lesion, otheroral diseases were trailing well behind ,followed by soft tissue swelling 51 cases,,congenital anomalies48 cases ,bone diseases 45 cases ,salivary gland diseases31,other conditions 18cases , and neuralgia 14 cases.
Electronic apex locator determination of root canal length of permanent anterior teeth in children
Authors: Al- Ameen Dr. Maha M.Misbah , Zwain Dr. Abeer M.H.
Published: August 2022

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the correct obtaining of workinglength, and in Pediatric Dentistry, this procedure needs child's cooperation and exposethe children to x-ray radiation. The aim of the present study is to compare root canallength determined by tactile sensation, electronic apex locator YD-2 and digitalradiograph with that determined by conventional x-ray which is the most used andreliable method.The working length of 30 upper permanent central incisors, in children aged 10-12years old, estimated by tactile sensation, electronic apex locator YD-2 and digitalradiograph and the mean values of them compared by t-test with that obtained byconventional x-ray.High significant difference found between the mean value of root canal lengthmeasurements obtained by tactile sensation with that obtained by conventionalradiograph (P<0.01), while no significant difference found between the mean of apexlocator and digital radiographic readings with that obtained by conventionalradiography(P>0.05) indicating the similarity of mean values of these techniques.The use of electronic apex locator and digital radiograph are quite comparablewith conventional radiograph and could be useful in endodontic therapy for workinglength estimation in children.
Prevalence of dental caries in children attended Pedodontic dental clinic Al Mustansiria Collage of Dentistry
Authors: Hassan Dr. Reem Hassan , Abaas Dr. Maha J.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the study to evaluate the dental caries in children at 4-11 years oldof age in pedodontic dental clinic of Al-Mustansiria Collage of Dentistry. The totalsample composed of 646 child 329 males and 317 females.Results showed that the percentage of caries in the occlusal and inter proximalsurfaces were higher in females at age 7-9 years old (51.3%.45.7%) than males(40.1%, 44.8%), with statistically high significant difference for both males andfemales (P<0.01).The prevalence of dental caries for permanent dentition increase with age means(0.0006, 0.0099, 0.0263) for males and means (0, 0011, 0.0072 and 0.012)for females.For primary dentition also highly caries prevalence were showed with increase withage mean (0.077, 0.008 and 0.05) for males and (0.0868, 0.0776 and 0.068) forfemales .with no significant difference for both males and females.
Bacterial Cross-contamination between clinic& dental laboratory during polishing procedure of complete denture
Authors: ALSaadi Dr. Amaal kadhim
Published: August 2022

Polishing of dental prostheses can cause a dangerous cycle of cross-contaminationinvolving dentists, laboratory technicians, patients and auxiliary personnel. The aim ofthis study was to show the microbial contamination in the dental laboratory during thepolishing procedure of complete dentures. For this purpose, 30 samples & 4experiments were conducted.Experiment I - Determination of the contaminating complete maxillary denturesfrom plaque &from patient saliva .Experiment II- after disinfection of complete denturesExperiment III- determination of microorganism transferred During the polishingprocedure, to the dentureExperiment IV - The remaining microorganism in the lathe spindle Microbiologicaltests were conducted to detect the presence of bacteria. plates showing growth,colonies were observed and identified using Gram staining,. As a result viableorganisms from patients denture before and after polishing & after disinfectionwere found Improper disinfection of the denture , using tab water with pumicepowder allowed for the introduction of pathogens so The polishing of dentalprostheses is a possible source of transmission of communicable diseases in thelaboratory appropriate universal precautions must be followed to decrease thelikelihood of cross contamination
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost Treatment on Physico-Chemical Properties of Garden Soil
Authors: Lalremruati Mary , Devi Angom Sarjubala , Pratap Singh Anil
Published: August 2022

In the present study amendment of three types of compost made from lemon peels (LP), vegetable waste (VW), and cooked food waste (CF) in garden soil was carried out. It was observed that pH in all the treatments increased from control with a maximum in LP with 22% and a minimum in CF with 10% at 270 days. The soil temperature was higher than control with a maximum increase of 52% in CF and a minimum of 20% in VW at 90 days. A maximum increase of OC has been observed in CF compost-treated soil with 106% followed by LP with 64% and 24% in VW at 90 days.TN increased from control up to 90 days with 484, 100, and 46% rise in CF, VW, and LP respectively. AP and AK also showed a very high increase rate with a maximum of 551% in CF and 703% in LP respectively.
Applying the method of case law commenting in law specialized training
Authors: Dao Mong Diep , Nguyen Dao Mai Khanh , Nguyen Le Thao , Nguyen Van Nhung
Published: August 2022

The method of case law commenting is a method of teaching and training in the field of law that is widely applied in many advanced countries around the world. Different from the traditional lecture method, in the teaching method of case commenting, theoretical teaching will be carried out in parallel with precedents that are searched and selected to explain and illustrate the lesson. The article analyzes case law and the role of applying the method of case law commenting in law specialized training. On that basis, the article proposes the structure and method of implementing the case law commenting method in law specialized training.
Management of educational accreditation in the context of an education innovation
Authors: Dangnguyen Longan
Published: August 2022

Innovating to improve the quality of education, meeting the changing requirements of the integration trend is a top priority task. In addition, the quality management and improvement of education quality are also issues of concern to the state and society. In recent years, educational accreditation has been identified as an effective solution to help maintain and improve the quality of education. However, the management of this activity is posing many problems that need further clarification both in theory and practice. This study shows that clarifying theoretical issues is very necessary, as a basis for educational accreditation activities to come into reality and bring high efficiency. A study of the State's guiding documents and an actual assessment of the accrediting activities of educational institutions show that there are many issues that need to be clarified in order to have better management measures. Clarifying the rationale will help the educational quality accreditation management activities to have a basis for developing an implementation plan; clarifying the limitations and shortcomings in the management process will help this activity come into reality.
Pedagogia ancestral
Authors: Nascimento Brenna , Castro Éden de , Brazão Paulo
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa de natureza etnográfica realizada na comunidade Quilombola de Alto do Capim que buscou investigar: Como a pedagogia ancestral contribui para a preservação da identidade da Comunidade Quilombola de Alto do Capim, em Quixabeira-BA? Para esta investigação foi necessário compreender como a pedagogia ancestral contribui para a existência e resistência da identidade da Comunidade Quilombola de Alto do Capim, em Quixabeira-BA; compreender as relações entre pedagogia e ancestralidade; estabelecer a importância da pedagogia ancestral para a preservação da identidade das comunidades quilombolas; Conhecer a história da Comunidade Quilombola de Alto do Capim e discutir sobre os elementos que fomentam a pedagogia ancestral na comunidade quilombola de Alto do Capim. Portanto conclui-se que em se tratando da Comunidade Quilombola de Alto do Capim, os processos de educação informal possuem fragilidades históricas e culturais, uma vez que há pouco autorreconhecimento da ancestralidade na comunidade.
Traffic safety education activities for universities students in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Vuhong Van
Published: August 2022

Over the years, traffic safety education has been included in many educational programs of many universities. However, the actual survey shows that the awareness of managers, teachers, and students about this activity is still not high; the planning of traffic safety education activities at schools is not consistent with the overall and comprehensive educational plan of schools; the strengthening of direction and implementation of traffic safety education through educational activities outside of class time has not been continuous, there is a lack of supervision; there has not been close coordination with forces inside and outside the school in traffic safety education activities. Therefore, the educational effectiveness is still not high and has not achieved the desired results. On the basis of the actual survey, analyze the collected data to assess the actual situation; studying state documents on traffic safety education, this study proposes solutions to improve the quality of traffic safety education in a number of universities in Ho Chi Minh City today.
LA TRAMA EXPUESTA
Authors: de León Vázquez Salvador
Published: August 2022

En su invitación a la sociología reflexiva, Pierre Bourdieu y Wacquant nos exigen a los investigadores sociales que mantengamos en permanente duda lo preconstruido (Bourdieu y Wacquant, 2005), es decir, aquellas ideas que nos son propias por efecto del contexto que habitamos, pero que tienen el riesgo de conformar prejuicios que nublen el análisis crítico de los fenómenos sociales. El científico social evitaría así la actitud ingenua de aceptar la organización del mundo que aparece como ya dada para clasificar la realidad que nos rodea. Tal aceptación –sugiere el autor– es una tentación constante, en tanto que el propio sociólogo es producto del mundo social que estudia y es imposible deslindarse totalmente de él. Por ese motivo, ha de ejecutar un importante esfuerzo intelectual para realizar una ruptura con el pensamiento común, a través de una acción reflexiva que le permita estar en guardia contra las “prenociones”, y abandonar, de esta manera, una visión esencialista de la realidad social.
TOYA CAMPUHAN: AIR DAN PERADABAN MANUSIA DALAM PENCIPTAAN SENI LUKIS
Authors: Setem I Wayan , Kondra I Wayan , Gede Putra Jaya I Made
Published: August 2022

TThe purpose of this research and art creation is to create and present artworks with “Toya Campuhan: Water and Human Civilization” as the source of inspiration. World civilization, especially in ancient Bali, has emerged and developed around water as its source of life. Water sources, such as river confluences, act as a pulse, supporting the joints that contribute significantly to various parts of physical and spiritual life. Due to this, water must be conserved, so that they always provide benefits for the journey of human life far into the future. However, the current condition of rivers in Bali is really worrying, as various pollutants pollute them. Slowly but surely, the water condition will worsen if we continue to let it be. This evokes my empathy, emotion, and hope about a healthy river confluence as a mission that I wanted to convey through the creation of this painting. This creation model becomes a cultural expression as a medium for increasing public appreciation to raise the spirit of ecological resilience over the problem of water pollution. This creation is based on research, where the method consists of two parts, namely the research method and the creation method. The research method uses an anthropological approach, especially related to ethnography. Meanwhile, the creation method passes through three stages: exploration, improvisation, and the embodiment of the work, which is preceded by a study of similar works of art and literature review.
BENTUK, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA LUKISAN PADA INTERIOR ALTAR GEREJA ST. ANTONIUS KOTABARU YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nugraheni Regina Ratih , Budiwiyanto Joko
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by Catholics who come to church increasingly do not understand the meaning and message contained in the church building, even though the symbols and everything contained in the church building are made not only as decoration, but every part in the church has meaning. related to Catholic life. One church that has a message framed in the form of a painting in its interior is the Catholic Church of St. Antonius in Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. The paintings on the walls of this church have very interesting forms, functions, and meanings because they are related to the contents of the holy book of the Gospel of John. This study aims to determine the form, function, and meaning of the painting on the interior of the altar of the Catholic Church of St. Antonius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. The results of the study are as follows, the form of painting on the church wall is a decorative painting. The function of painting is to beautify the interior of the church room, as an identity for the Catholic church that uses elements of regional inculturation in the interior of the room, and as a medium of da'wah in introducing the holy book of the Gospel of John to Christians. The form of the painting has a meaning, that a leader should know the needs of the community, just as Jesus knew the needs of his people.
Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice
Authors: Jo Young Rae , Park Hwan Tae , Yu Hak Sun , Kong Hyun-Hee
Published: August 2022

Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in treatment of malignancies. However, VCR has a limitation in use since it commonly causes a painful neuropathy (VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy, VIPN). Inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells such as macrophages can exacerbate allodynia and hyperalgesia, because inhibiting the inflammatory response is a treatment target for VIPN. In this study, we investigated whether Trichinella spiralis, a widely studied helminth for its immunomodulatory abilities, can alleviate VCR-induced allodynia. Von Frey test showed that T. spiralis infection improved mechanical allodynia at 10 days after VCR injection. We further observed whether the difference was due to mitigated axon degeneration, but no significant difference between the groups in axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves and intra-epidermal nerve fibers was found. Conversely, we observed that number of infiltrated macrophages was decreased in the sciatic nerves of the T. spiralis infected mice. Moreover, treatment of T. spiralis excretory-secretory products caused peritoneal macrophages to secrete decreased level of IL-1β. This study suggests that T. spiralis can relieve VCR-induced mechanical allodynia by suppressing neuroinflammation and that application of controllable degree of helminth may prove beneficial for VIPN treatment.
Mapping of the Complement C9 Binding Region on Clonorchis sinensis Paramyosin
Authors: Kang Jung-Mi , Lê Hương Giang , Võ Tuấn Cường , Yoo Won Gi , Sohn Woon-Mok , Na Byoung-Kuk
Published: August 2022

Heliminthic paramyosin is a multifunctional protein that not only acts as a structural protein in muscle layers but as an immune-modulatory molecule interacting with the host immune system. Previously, we found that paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis (CsPmy) is bound to human complement C9 protein (C9). To analyze the C9 binding region on CsPmy, overlapping recombinant fragments of CsPmy were produced and their binding activity to human C9 was investigated. The fragmental expression of CsPmy and C9 binding assays revealed that the C9 binding region was located at the C-terminus of CsPmy. Further analysis of the C-terminus of CsPmy to narrow the C9 binding region on CsPmy indicated that the region flanking731Leu–780 Leu was a potent C9 binding region. The CsPmy fragments corresponding to the region effectively inhibited human C9 polymerization. These results provide a precise molecular basis for CsPmy as a potent immunomodulator to evade host immune defenses by inhibiting complement attack.
Effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students in Iran: a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test study
Authors: Firuzi Zeynab , Sabet Mitra Sedghi , Jafaraghaee Fateme , Jafari Hedayat , Leyli Ehsan Kazemnezhad , Karkhah Samad , Ghazanfari Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Forensic nursing is a specialty in the nursing profession based on legal procedures. This study aimed to assess the effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making among master’s nursing students.Methods: In a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test, 106 master’s nursing students at Guilan (n=65) and Mazandaran (n=41) Universities of Medical Sciences, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected using census sampling from March to April 2021. Participants in the intervention group received a forensic nursing virtual education course in three 90-minute sessions for 2 days.Results: A total of 88 out of 106 master’s nursing students were enrolled in this study. The mean post-education score for knowledge in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (12.52 vs. 7.67, P<0.001). The mean post-education score for clinical decision-making in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (16.96 vs. 13.64, P<0.001).Conclusion: The level of knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students regarding forensic evidence improved after the forensic nursing virtual education course in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nursing managers and policymakers can develop appropriate strategies to improve the knowledge and clinical decision-making of nursing students by using forensic nursing education courses in the curricula of nursing programs, especially in postgraduate education as an elective or mandatory course.
Content validity test of a safety checklist for simulated participants in simulation-based education in the United Kingdom: a methodological study
Authors: Bradley Matthew
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Simulation training is an ever-growing means of healthcare education and often involves simulated participants (SPs), commonly known as actors. Simulation-based education (SBE) can sometimes endanger SPs, and as such we have created a safety checklist for them to follow. This study describes how we developed the checklist through a quality improvement project, and then evaluated feedback responses to assess whether SPs felt our checklist was safe.Methods: The checklist was provided to SPs working in an acute trust simulation service when delivering multidisciplinary SBE over 4 months. Using multiple plan–do–study–act cycles, the checklist was refined by reflecting on SP feedback to ensure that the standards of the safe simulation were met. We collected 21 responses from September to December 2021 after SPs completed an SBE event.Results: The responses showed that 100% of SPs felt safe during SBE when using our checklist. The average “confidence in safety” rating before using the checklist was 6.8/10, which increased significantly to 9.2/10 after using the checklist (P<0.0005). The checklist was refined throughout the 4 months and implemented in adult and pediatric SBE as a standard operating procedure.Conclusion: We recommend using our safety checklist as a standard operating procedure to improve the confidence and safety of SPs during safe and effective simulations.
Intensive economic growth: opportunities and consequences
Authors:   SO ", ILYUSHA Sergij ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the NAS of Ukraine"
Published: August 2022

This paper is devoted to the study of the features and conditions of intensive economic growth in the context of Ukrainian realities. The research tool was a simulation model based on tables “cost-output”, developed at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In the course of the research a variant analysis of macroeconomic aggregates was carried out to identify specific effects of the financial aspects of the implementation of scenarios of intensive economic growth were considered and an example was given that illustrates the benefits of intensive growth. The analysis of calculations clearly demonstrates the effect of the Keynesian investment multiplier in intensive growth. Research has also revealed the effect of passive gross investment savings, which is not recorded in scientific publications. It has been experimentally proven that due to these effects, intensive economic growth becomes not only possible but also profitable.
Modern typologization of IFIs financial and credit cooperation instruments
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, KLYMENKO Kateryna , SAVOSTIANENKO Maksym ,   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, PETRUSEVYCH Gennadii
Published: August 2022

The authors substantiated the theoretical and practical aspects of the typology of financial instruments of international financial organizations, which play a key role in the system of international economic relations and global governance, and are also an integral part of the world economy.The paper analyzes certain aspects and patterns of use of financial instruments of MFIs, identifies the determinants and socio-economic consequences of implementation for the country. The article explores the features and essential characteristics of the financial instruments of MFIs on the example of the EBRD, EIB, etc. It has been established that modern lending and investment policy of IFIs are actively focused on improving and adapting financial instruments in accordance with the current needs of borrowers and takes into account the ultra-rapid changes in the economic and political situation in the world. It is revealed that the main initiatives of IFIs in this context are focused on improving tools, optimizing internal procedures, expanding the use of national systems, as well as developing new tools to increase efficiency and reduce the cost of resources for the borrower. The authors prove that the analysis of the resource provision of MFIs clearly indicates a trend towards increasing the priority of developing anti-crisis lending instruments and improving existing lending instruments and products of MFIs in order to strengthen their key characteristics and ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of lending.
EVALUATION OF TRANSGENIC COTTON CULTIVARS CONTAINING CRY TOXINS FROM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST THRIPS
Authors: Maqsood Sumaira , Ahmad Muhammad , Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad , Ain Noor ul
Published: August 2022

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a significant fiber crop that is contributing 7 to 10% in the GDP of Pakistan. In the production of cotton, Pakistan is ranked at 4th position among the major cotton growing countries. Various insect pests, especially sucking and chewing pests, attack cotton crop. Among the sucking pests, thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) causes the most significant damage to cotton at seedling stage. Due to tremendous usage of insecticides, these pests have developed resistance against insecticides. Therefore, cultivation of resistant cotton varieties is the best tactic that can minimize the attack of thrips on this crop. In the present study, five Bt cotton varieties with different cry toxins were evaluated for their resistance/susceptible response to thrips. The cotton cultivars selected for this study were including four Bt cotton cultivars (two single and two double toxins) and one non-Bt cotton cultivar. The experiment was carried out under climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. There was not any pronounced difference in thrips population on different Bt cotton cultivars either they were single or dual toxin gene cotton cultivars. MNH-186 and FH-141 showed decreasing trend in population of thrips with the passage of time as compared to other Bt cotton cultivars. The little variation in thrips population among the Bt cotton cultivars showed that all Bt cotton varieties had good control effect on the thrips population. Thrips population was insignificant with respect to leaf position i.e. upper, middle and lower leaves. Correlation study of thrips population with different environmental factors exhibited r values of -0.2213, 0.49837 and 0.41735 for temperature, humidity and rain fall, respectively.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND GROWTH OF XENORHABDUS AND PHOTORHABDUS SYMBIONTS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES
Authors: Rahoo Ali Murad , Rahoo Rehana Kanwal , Saeed Muhammad , Burhan Muhammad , Keerio Nusrat
Published: August 2022

From the characterisation, the partial 16 S gene sequences obtained for the two bacteria were subjected to blast-bootstrap analysis to obtain the phylogenetic tree. In assessing the similarity of Xenorhabdus bovienii with five other Xenorhabdus spp., it was found to be 96% similar to X. nematophila and X. japonica with Accession Numbers D78006 and NR027194 respectively. The X. bovienii was closer to X. beddingii 95% and X. kazodoii and 97% similarity to X. poinarii. From the phylogenetic tree, the two species of bacteria were found to belong to the genera Xenorhabadus and Photorhabdus. The two bacteria were compared with Xenorhabdus japonica NR027194, X. nematophila, D78006 X. poinarii DQ211703, X. beddingii AY278675 and X. kozodoii Eu 190977. The results showed that at 20 ℃ both the bacteria X. bovienii and Photorhabdus luminescens increased to a log concentration of 7.5 after 6 h. They then increased slightly up to 15 h. At 25 ℃ X. bovienii had a concentration of 6.1 after 1 h but only increased slowly to 6.6 after 15 h. However, P. luminescens started with 5.6 after 1 h but increased smoothly to 7.5 after 15 h. X. bovienii and P. luminescens at 30 ℃ had a concentration of 6.2 after 1 h.
Photothermal heating of titanium nitride nanomaterials for fast and uniform laser warming of cryopreserved biomaterials
Authors: Alvarez Crysthal , Berrospe-Rodriguez Carla , Wu Chaolumen , Pasek-Allen Jacqueline , Khosla Kanav , Bischof John , Mangolini Lorenzo , Aguilar Guillermo
Published: August 2022

Titanium nitride (TiN) is presented as an alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to the commonly used gold (Au) for its potential use in laser rewarming of cryopreserved biomaterials. The rewarming of vitrified, glass like state, cryopreserved biomaterials is a delicate process as potential ice formation leads to mechanical stress and cracking on a macroscale, and damage to cell walls and DNA on a microscale, ultimately leading to the destruction of the biomaterial. The use of plasmonic nanomaterials dispersed in cryoprotective agent solutions to rapidly convert optical radiation into heat, generally supplied by a focused laser beam, proposes a novel approach to overcome this difficulty. This study focuses on the performance of TiN nanoparticles (NPs), since they present high thermal stability and are inexpensive compared to Au. To uniformly warm up the nanomaterial solutions, a beam splitting laser system was developed to heat samples from multiple sides with equal beam energy distribution. In addition, uniform laser warming requires equal distribution of absorption and scattering properties in the nanomaterials. Preliminary results demonstrated higher absorption but less scattering in TiN NPs than Au nanorods (GNRs). This led to the development of TiN clusters, synthetized by nanoparticle agglomeration, to increase the scattering cross-section of the material. Overall, this study analyzed the heating rate, thermal efficiency, and heating uniformity of TiN NPs and clusters in comparison to GNRs at different solution concentrations. TiN NPs and clusters demonstrated higher heating rates and solution temperatures, while only clusters led to a significantly improved uniformity in heating. These results highlight a promising alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to rewarm cryopreserved biological systems in the future.
Tetrodotoxin prevents heat-shock induced granule cell dispersion in hippocampal slice cultures
Authors: Ahrari Ala , Meseke Maurice , Förster Eckart
Published: August 2022

Granule cell dispersion (GCD) has been associated as a pathological feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Early-life epileptiform activity such as febrile seizures has been proposed to have a causal link to developing chronic TLE. During postnatal development, the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to hyperexcitability-induced insults since neuronal migration and differentiation are still ongoing in the hippocampus. Further, the extracellular matrix (ECM), here in particular the protein reelin, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of GCD. Thus, loss of reelin-expressing cells, Cajal-Retzius cells and subsets of interneurons, may be related to GCD. To study the possible role of febrile seizures, we previously induced GCD in vitro by subjecting hippocampal slice cultures to a transient heat-shock, which was not accompanied by loss of Cajal-Retzius cells. In order to examine the mechanisms involved in heat-shock induced GCD, the present study aimed to determine whether such dispersion could be prevented by blocking cellular electrical activity. Here we show that the extent of heat-shock induced GCD could be significantly reduced by treatment with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), suggesting that electrical activity is an important factor involved in heat-shock induced GCD.
The female syndecan-4−/− heart has smaller cardiomyocytes, augmented insulin/pSer473-Akt/pSer9-GSK-3β signaling, and lowered SCOP, pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 levels
Authors: Støle Thea Parsberg , Lunde Marianne , Shen Xin , Martinsen Marita , Lunde Per Kristian , Li Jia , Lockwood Francesca , Sjaastad Ivar , Louch William Edward , Aronsen Jan Magnus , Christensen Geir , Carlson Cathrine Rein
Published: August 2022

Background: In cardiac muscle, the ubiquitously expressed proteoglycan syndecan-4 is involved in the hypertrophic response to pressure overload. Protein kinase Akt signaling, which is known to regulate hypertrophy, has been found to be reduced in the cardiac muscle of exercised male syndecan-4−/− mice. In contrast, we have recently found that pSer473-Akt signaling is elevated in the skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior, TA) of female syndecan-4−/− mice. To determine if the differences seen in Akt signaling are sex specific, we have presently investigated Akt signaling in the cardiac muscle of sedentary and exercised female syndecan-4−/− mice. To get deeper insight into the female syndecan-4−/− heart, alterations in cardiomyocyte size, a wide variety of different extracellular matrix components, well-known syndecan-4 binding partners and associated signaling pathways have also been investigated.

Methods: Left ventricles (LVs) from sedentary and exercise trained female syndecan-4−/− and WT mice were analyzed by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Cardiomyocyte size and phosphorylated Ser473-Akt were analyzed in isolated adult cardiomyocytes from female syndecan-4−/− and WT mice by confocal imaging. LV and skeletal muscle (TA) from sedentary male syndecan-4−/− and WT mice were immunoblotted with Akt antibodies for comparison. Glucose levels were measured by a glucometer, and fasting blood serum insulin and C-peptide levels were measured by ELISA.

Results: Compared to female WT hearts, sedentary female syndecan-4−/− LV cardiomyocytes were smaller and hearts had higher levels of pSer473-Akt and its downstream target pSer9-GSK-3β. The pSer473-Akt inhibitory phosphatase PHLPP1/SCOP was lowered, which may be in response to the elevated serum insulin levels found in the female syndecan-4−/− mice. We also observed lowered levels of pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 in the female syndecan-4−/− heart and an increased LRP6 level after exercise. Otherwise, few alterations were found. The pThr308-Akt and pSer473-Akt levels were unaltered in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of sedentary male syndecan-4−/− mice.

Conclusion: Our data indicate smaller cardiomyocytes, an elevated insulin/pSer473-Akt/pSer9-GSK-3β signaling pathway, and lowered SCOP, pThr308-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 levels in the female syndecan-4−/− heart. In contrast, cardiomyocyte size, and Akt signaling were unaltered in both cardiac and skeletal muscles from male syndecan-4−/− mice, suggesting important sex differences.
Detection of BaP in seawater based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites immunosenor
Authors: Yan Yirou , Qiu Chengjun , Qu Wei , Zhuang Yuan , Chen Kaixuan , Wang Cong , Zhang Ruoyu , Wang Ping , Wu Yuxuan , Gao Jiaqi
Published: August 2022

Benzo(a)pyrene, as the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant in marine oil spill pollution, has negative effects on marine ecology and human health. A facile and sensitive method of rapid benzo(a)pyrene detection in seawater is essential for marine conservation. In this paper, a novel immunosensor is fabricated using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composite loaded with benzo(a)pyrene antibody. This immunosensor is based on a biosensing assay mechanism that uses multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composites as conductive mediators to enhance electron transfer kinetics. Then, potassium ferricyanide was used as an electrochemical probe to produce an electrochemical signal for the voltammetric behavior investigation of the immune response by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak current change was inversely proportional to the benzo(a)pyrene concentration in the range of 0.5 ng⋅ml−1and 80 ng⋅ml−1with a detection limit of 0.27 ng⋅ml−1. The immunosensor was successfully applied to assay BaP in seawater, and the recovery was between 96.6 and 100%, which exhibited a novel, sensitive and interference-resistant analytical method for real-time water environment monitoring. The results demonstrate that the proposed immunosensor has a great potential for application in the monitoring of seawater.
Foam stability of temperature-resistant hydrophobic silica particles in porous media
Authors: Qiao Sanyuan , Yu Haibin , Wang Yongan , Zhan Lifeng , Liu Qingwang , Fan Zhenzhong , Sun Ao
Published: August 2022

The world is rich in heavy oil resources, however, the recovery difficulty and cost are both higher than that of conventional crude oil. To date, the most common method of recovering heavy oil is steam flooding. However, once the steam breaks through the geological formation, gas channeling readily occurs, which leads to a rapid decrease of the steam drive efficiency. To improve the swept volume of steam in the geological formation, a series of hydrophobic silica particles for stabilizing foam was synthesized. This kind of particles used hydrophilic nano silica particles as reactant. Hydrophobic groups with cationic long carbon chains were grafted onto the surface of hydrophilic silica particles by synthetic silane quaternary ammonium salt. When the quantity of silane quaternary ammonium salt used in the modification reaction is different, the product had various degrees of wettability. The hydrophobic particles with the contact angle closest to 90° had the best foam stabilization effect on the betaine zwitterionic surfactant LAB. For LAB solution with mass fraction of 0.3%, the half-life of foam was extended into 160% when the mass fraction of particles was 0.5%. The higher the gas-liquid ratio, the better the plugging effect of foam agent with hydrophobic particles presented in porous media. The adsorption test of hydrophobic particles indicated that hydrophobic particles improved the stability of foam liquid membrane by improving the adsorption capacity of surfactant molecules. The thermal stability of hydrophobic silica particles exceeded 200°C, and the good foam stability made it a potential additive for foam oil displacement in high-temperature geological formation.
Genomic transmission analysis of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria within a newborn unit of a Kenyan tertiary hospital: A four-month prospective colonization study
Authors: Villinger David , Schultze Tilman G. , Musyoki Victor M. , Inwani Irene , Aluvaala Jalemba , Okutoyi Lydia , Ziegler Anna-Henriette , Wieters Imke , Stephan Christoph , Museve Beatrice , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Masika Moses
Published: August 2022

Objective

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), especially carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO), represent a threat for newborns. This study investigates the colonization prevalence of these pathogens in a newborn unit at a Kenyan tertiary hospital in an integrated approach combining routine microbiology, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and hospital surveillance data.

Methods

The study was performed in the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in 2019 over a four-month period and included 300 mother-baby pairs. A total of 1,097 swabs from newborns (weekly), mothers (once) and the hospital environment were taken. Routine clinical microbiology methods were applied for surveillance. Of the 288 detected MDRO, 160 isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes and phylogenetic relatedness using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis.

Results

In maternal vaginal swabs, MDRO detection rate was 15% (n=45/300), including 2% CRO (n=7/300). At admission, MDRO detection rate for neonates was 16% (n=48/300), including 3% CRO (n=8/300) with a threefold increase for MDRO (44%, n=97/218) and a fivefold increase for CRO (14%, n=29/218) until discharge. Among CRO, K. pneumoniae harboring blaNDM-1 (n=20) or blaNDM-5 (n=16) were most frequent. WGS analysis revealed 20 phylogenetically related transmission clusters (including five CRO clusters). In environmental samples, the MDRO detection rate was 11% (n=18/164), including 2% CRO (n=3/164).

Conclusion

Our study provides a snapshot of MDRO and CRO in a Kenyan NBU. Rather than a large outbreak scenario, data indicate several independent transmission events. The CRO rate among newborns attributed to the spread of NDM-type carbapenemases is worrisome.
Leishmania infection-derived extracellular vesicles drive transcription of genes involved in M2 polarization
Authors: Emerson Lisa E. , Gioseffi Anna , Barker Hailey , Sheppe Austin , Morrill Julianne K. , Edelmann Mariola J. , Kima Peter Epeh
Published: August 2022

Although it is known that the composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is determined by the characteristics of the cell and its environment, the effects of intracellular infection on EV composition and functions are not well understood. We had previously shown that cultured macrophages infected with Leishmania parasites release EVs (LiEVs) containing parasite-derived molecules. In this study we show that LdVash, a molecule previously identified in LiEVs from L. donovani infected RAW264.7 macrophages, is widely distributed in the liver of L. donovani infected mice. This result shows for the first time that parasite molecules are released in EVs and distributed in infected tissues where they can be endocytosed by cells in the liver, including macrophages that significantly increase numbers as the infection progresses. To evaluate the potential impact of LiEVs on macrophage functions, we show that primary peritoneal exudate macrophages (PECs) express transcripts of signature molecules of M2 macrophages such as arginase 1, IL-10, and IL-4R when incubated with LiEVs. In comparative studies that illustrate how intracellular pathogens control the composition and functions of EVs released from macrophages, we show that EVs from RAW264.7 macrophages infected with Salmonella Typhimurium activate PECs to express transcripts of signature molecules of M1 macrophages such as iNOS, TNF alpha, and IFN-gamma and not M2 signature molecules. Finally, in contrast to the polarized responses observed in in vitro studies of macrophages, both M1 and M2 signature molecules are detected in L. donovani infected livers, although they exhibit differences in their spatial distribution in infected tissues. In conclusion, EVs produced by macrophages during Leishmania infection lead to the gene expression consistent with M2 polarization. In contrast, the EVs produced during S. Typhimurium infection stimulated the transcription of genes associated with M1 polarization.
A method for sperm activity analysis based on feature point detection network in deep learning
Authors: Chen Zhong , Yang Jinkun , Luo Chen , Zhang Changheng
Published: August 2022

Sperm motility is an important index to evaluate semen quality. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) is based on the sperm image, through the image-processing algorithm to detect the position of the sperm target and track tracking, so as to judge the sperm activity. Because of the small and dense sperm targets in sperm images, traditional image-processing algorithms take a long time to detect sperm targets, while target-detection algorithms based on the deep learning have a lot of missed detection problems in the process of sperm target detection. In order to accurately and efficiently analyze sperm activity in the sperm image sequence, this article proposes a sperm activity analysis method based on the deep learning. First, the sperm position is detected through the deep learning feature point detection network based on the improved SuperPoint, then the multi-sperm target tracking is carried out through SORT and the sperm motion trajectory is drawn, and at last the sperm survival is judged through the sperm trajectory to realize the analysis of sperm activity. The experimental results show that this method can effectively analyze the sperm activity in the sperm image sequence. At the same time, the average detection speed of the sperm target detection method in the detection process is 65fps, and the detection accuracy is 92%.
Palliative care provision for people living with heart failure: The Geneva model
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Sobanski Piotr Z. , Escher Monica , Pautex Sophie , Meyer Philippe
Published: August 2022

As life expectancy rises and the survival rate after acute cardiovascular events improves, the number of people living and dying with chronic heart failure is increasing. People suffering from chronic ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease may experience a significant limitation of their quality of life which can be addressed by palliative care. Although international guidelines recommend the implementation of integrated palliative care for patients with heart failure, models of care are scarce and are often limited to patients at the end of life. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a model designed to improve the early integration of palliative care for patients with heart failure. This model has enabled patients to access palliative care when they normally would not have and given them the opportunity to plan their care in line with their values and preferences. However, the effectiveness of this interdisciplinary model of care on patients' quality of life and symptom burden still requires evaluation.
Challenges and opportunities for implementing digital health interventions in Nepal: A rapid review
Authors: Parajuli Rojina , Bohara Dipak , KC Malati , Shanmuganathan Selvanaayagam , Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Yadav Uday Narayan
Published: August 2022

Background

In recent times, digital technologies in health care have been well recognized in Nepal. It is crucial to understand what is works well and areas that need improvements in the digital health ecosystem. This rapid review was carried out to provide an overview of Nepal's challenges and opportunities for implementing digital health interventions.

Methods

This study is reported according to PRISMA guidelines and used telehealth, telemedicine, e-health, mobile health, digital health, implementation, opportunities, challenges and Nepal as key search terms to identify primary studies published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2021 in four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and CINAHL. Initially, identified studies were screened against predetermined selection criteria, and data were extracted, and the findings were narratively synthesized.

Result

The review identified various challenges, opportunities, and benefits of implementing digital health initiatives in Nepal. The most expressed challenge was inadequate technical facilities (lack of electricity and internet) and rugged geographical distribution, which makes transportation difficult in hilly and mountain areas. Shortage of skilled workforce and supportive policies were also notable challenges documented. Meanwhile, major opportunities identified were education and training of the students and health practitioners and increasing awareness among the general population.

Conclusion

This review identified various factors associated with the successful implementation of digital health initiatives in Nepal. Our findings may guide the formulation of digital health policy and interventions to improve mass health outcomes using digital health services.
Preventive dental care is associated with improved healthcare outcomes and reduced costs for Medicaid members with diabetes
Authors: Lamster Ira B. , Malloy Kevin P. , DiMura Philip M. , Cheng Bin , Wagner Victoria L. , Matson Jacqueline M. , Proj Anisa , Xi Yizhao , Abel Stephen N. , Alfano Michael C.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Preventive dental services have been associated with improved health outcomes. This study expands on previous observations by examining the relationship between oral healthcare and healthcare outcomes and costs in a publicly insured population with diabetes.

Methods

Utilization of dental services, healthcare outcomes and costs were evaluated for New York State Medicaid members with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM), ages 42 to 64, who were continuously enrolled between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2015. Utilization of dental services focused on preventive dental care (PDC) and extractions and endodontic treatment (both indicative of advanced dental infection). Data were analyzed using regression models with propensity score weighting to control for potential confounding.

Results

Receipt of PDC was associated with lower utilization rates and costs compared to members who did not access dental services. The most pronounced average cost difference was observed for inpatient admissions at $823 per year for members who had at least one PDC without extraction or endodontic treatment. Each additional PDC visit received was associated with an 11% lower rate of inpatient admissions and lower average inpatient costs by $407 per member. The need for a dental extraction or endodontic therapy was associated with relatively higher rates and costs.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate an association between PDC and improved healthcare outcome rates and lower average costs among members with DM and suggest a general health benefit associated with the provision of preventive dental care for persons with DM.