bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PASCA PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN KESUBURAN PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Hindriyawati Wiwin , Nurwiandani Widy
Published: September 2021

Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kontrasepsi yang diminati masyarakat. Kontrasepsi hormonal progestin terdiri dari KB suntik 3 bulan dan implant, kontrasepsi hormonal jenis kombinasi berisi estrogen dan progestin terdiri dari KB suntik 1 bulan. Persepsi masyarakat menganggap kontrasepsi hormonal dapat membuat seseorang mengalami gangguan kesuburan.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif correlation dengan pendekatan retrospektif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Uji statistik bivariat menggunakan kendall’s tau. Populasi ibu hamil yang pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal di Desa Guwosari pada bulan November 2019-Januari 2020. Sampel penelitian 64 responden diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil (perolehan menstruasi p-value 0,003; perolehan kehamilan p-value 0,011). Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat hubungan bermakna pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil.

People tend to use hormonal contraceptives. Progestin hormonal contraceptives consist of 3-month injectable contraceptives and implants, combined hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin consisting of 1-month injections. People have perception considers hormonal contraception that can make a woman experience fertility problem. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between post-hormonal contraceptive use and fertility in pregnant women. The research method was using descriptive correlation with a retrospective approach with a cross sectional design. Bivariate statistical test was using Kendall's tau. The population were pregnant women who have used hormonal contraception in Guwosari Village in November 2019-January 2020. The research sample of 64 respondents were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The result showed that there was a significant relationship after using hormonal contraception with fertility in pregnant women (menstrual gain p-value 0.003; pregnancy gain p-value 0.011). The conclusion of the study was there is a significant relationship after the use of hormonal contraception with fertility in pregnant women.
Identification of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Kidney Biopsy through Blood and Urinary Profiles of d-Serine
Authors: Iwata Yukimasa , Okushima Hiroki , Hesaka Atsushi , Kawamura Masataka , Imamura Ryoichi , Takahara Shiro , Horio Masaru , Tanaka Youko , Ikeda Tatsuhiko , Nakane Maiko , Mita Masashi , Hayashi Terumasa , Isaka Yoshitaka , Kimura Tomonori
Published: September 2021

Key Points

The blood level of d-serine discriminates participants without kidney diseases, whereas the fractional excretion of d-serine is higher in diabetic nephropathy.

The combined analysis of d-serine and clinical factors correctly predicted the presence of diabetic nephropathy.

Analysis of d-serine in blood and urinary excretion is useful in identifying diabetic nephropathy in patients undergoing kidney biopsy.

Background

The diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the major cause of ESKD, requires kidney biopsy. d-Serine, present only in trace amounts in humans, is a biomarker for kidney diseases and shows potential to distinguish the origin of kidney diseases, whose diagnoses usually require kidney biopsy. We extended this concept and examined the potential of d-serine in the diagnosis of DN.

Methods

We enrolled patients with biopsy sample–proven DN and primary GN (minimal change disease and IgA nephropathy) and participants without kidney disease. A total of 388 participants were included in this study, and d-serine levels in blood and urine were measured using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, and urinary fractional excretion (FE) of d-serine was calculated. Using data from 259 participants, we developed prediction models for detecting DN by logistic regression analyses, and the models were validated in 129 participants.

Results

A d-serine blood level of >2.34 μM demonstrated a high specificity of 83% (95% CI, 70% to 93%) for excluding participants without kidney diseases. In participants with a d-serine blood level >2.34 μM, the threshold of 47% in FE of d-serine provided an optimal threshold for the detection of DN (AUC, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95]; sensitivity, 79% [95% CI, 61% to 91%]; specificity, 83% [95% CI, 67% to 94%]). This plasma-high and FE-high profile of d-serine in combination with clinical factors (age, sex, eGFR, and albuminuria) correctly predicted DN with a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI, 72% to 99%) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI, 63% to 80%), and outperformed the model based on clinical factors alone in the validation dataset (P<0.02).

Conclusions

Analysis of d-serine in blood and urinary excretion is useful in identifying DN in patients undergoing kidney biopsy. Profiling of d-serine in patients with kidney diseases supports the suitable treatment through the auxial diagnosis of the origins of kidney diseases.
Analytical calculation of the potential for contact corrosion of metals in the marine environment
Authors: Belov O.A. , Maloletko I.V. , Romanenkov I.A. , Klementyev S.A.
Published: September 2021

One of the most common types of ship corrosion is contact corrosion, which occurs at the
interface of dissimilar metals being washed. It poses a serious danger to the ship's hull and ship
metal structures, as it leads to a sharp increase in the rate of corrosion damage to one of the
contacting metals. Therefore, the fight against contact corrosion is one of the most urgent tasks in
the field of anti-corrosion protection of ships. Protection of ships from contact corrosion requires
solving a set of interrelated engineering problems that require a quantitative assessment of the rate
of corrosion processes on ship structures and the effectiveness of anti-corrosion protection means
used on ships [1, 2].
The article discusses an analytical approach in assessing the local rate of electrochemical
corrosion processes of ship hull structures based on the phenomenon of polarization using polarization
curves and approximation methods.
Scientific and technical problems of creation of unmanned
aircraft dual-purpose transportation systems abroad
Authors: Iziumov D.B. , Kondratyuk E.L.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the main tasks, tactical and technological requirements imposed by the
leadership of defense departments of leading foreign countries for the designing and development
of transport (cargo) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as well as the tactical and technical
characteristics of existing and in service foreign models of transport (cargo) UAV. An overview of
programs (projects) for the development and creation of promising dual-use unmanned aerial
vehicle systems is presented. The main scientific and technological problems of their creation and
development abroad are summarized.
Analysis of the updated composition of the Federal Roster of experts in the scientific and technological sphere for conducting
specific types of expert and analytical research (expert examination)
Authors: Mironov N.A. , Maryshev E.A. , Divueva N.A. , Lukasheva N.A.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the updated composition of the Federal Roster of
Experts in the scientific and technological sphere, provides information on the quantitative and
qualitative composition of the expert community, necessary for the formation of expert pools in order
to conduct specific types of expert and analytical research (expert examination).
Uso de tecnologías avanzadas para la educación científica
Authors: Arabit-García Javier , García-Tudela Pedro Antonio , Prendes-Espinosa Mª Paz
Published: September 2021

La innovación educativa en el ámbito de la enseñanza científica ha demostrado en los últimos años la importancia de integrar tecnologías digitales. Para integrar estas tecnologías es necesario tener en cuenta el contexto (el nivel educativo) y contar con profesorado formado en competencias digitales docentes. En este artículo hemos realizado una búsqueda y análisis de diferentes experiencias educativas de enseñanza científica apoyadas en el uso de tecnologías avanzadas en todos los niveles educativos reglados (infantil, primaria, secundaria y universidad). Las buenas prácticas seleccionadas se caracterizan por ser experiencias reales apoyadas en tecnologías avanzadas y con datos de evaluación que ponen de manifiesto sus buenos resultados. Están catalogadas en función del nivel y del tipo de tecnología utilizada (robótica, realidad extendida, plataformas/apps, videojuegos e inteligencia artificial). Destacamos el caso del proyecto Create-Skills en el cual se ha utilizado una plataforma colaborativa para promover la colaboración entre profesorado y familias con el fin de implementar una enseñanza activa de disciplinas científicas en primaria.
El Plan CEIBAL y el uso de tecnología digital con sentido pedagógico para la enseñanza de la Matemática. El caso de la Placa micro:bit
Authors: Bentancor Biagas Gustavo , Velázquez Lily , Machado Ana Laura , López Ignacio
Published: September 2021

El artículo que presentamos se basa en una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar y describir el uso que realizan de la placa micro:bit con sentido pedagógico los profesores de Matemática de 1ero. y 2do año. de Educación Media de Uruguay. Se realizó un estudio a través de un modelo indagativo cimentado en el paradigma cualitativo. Las técnicas que se desarrollaron fueron: grupo de discusión con 8 profesores y análisis documental de las propuestas de 14 docentes. Entre los principales hallazgos del estudio, se destaca que el uso que hicieron los profesores de la placa micro:bit permitió mejorar la comprensión de conceptos matemáticos (divisibilidad, relaciones de orden, variable) y posibilitó que los alumnos abordaran la situación con una actitud reflexiva que los predispuso a formular conjeturas y discutir su validez. Asimismo, la Programación en la clase de Matemática permitió a los profesores organizar las actividades pedagógicas de una manera innovadora que no se hubiese logrado sin la placa. Los docentes concuerdan que, en las interacciones entre los participantes y en la construcción conjunta de docente y alumnos de conceptos matemáticos y habilidades digitales con la finalidad de resolver la situación, se pudo constatar el potencial transformador de la tecnología digital.
Ecos Armoriais
Authors: Santos Marília
Published: September 2021

Antônio Madureira é um compositor e violonista brasileiro. Embora tenha obras musicais dos mais diversos estilos, seu nome é frequentemente associado ao Movimento Armorial. Este foi um movimento liderado por Ariano Suassuna. O objetivo do Movimento Armorial foi criar uma arte erudita autenticamente brasileira, baseada nas culturas populares do Nordeste do Brasil. Na música, o grupo mais significativo do Movimento Armorial foi o Quinteto Armorial, que nasceu do encontro entre Ariano Suassuna e Antônio Madureira. Por conta da importância do Antônio Madureira para a música armorial, em 2017 eu o entrevistei, para uma pesquisa sobre as influências armoriais na música de Pernambuco. Nesse texto apresentamos esta entrevista, como um meio de registrá-la e também para que outros/as/es pesquisadores/as possam utilizá-la.
El prisma de la formación docente en Colombia. Teoría padagógica y experiencias didácticas
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Paz Samudio Alfonso , Betancur Cruz Luis Bernardo ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Granja Escobar Luis Carlos ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cano Quintero María Constanza ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Miranda Corzo María Claudia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Acosta Ocampo Cilia Inés ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cruz Medina Rosa Tulia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Guerrero María Victoria ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, González Valencia Heriberto ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Villota Enríquez Maribel Deicy ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Villota Enríquez Jakeline Amparo ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Guevara Salazar Leidy Ximena ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Chavarro Gloria Mercedes ,   Universidad Surcolombiana, Giraldo García Luz Karime ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Lozano Rosero Pablo César ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Medina Agredo Patricia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Martínez Noreña Alba Deicy ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Medina Bermúdez María Inés ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cuellar Tulia Alicia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Tamayo Luis Hernando ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Pérez Cristhian Andrés
Published: September 2021

Desde hace más de 50 años la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Santiago de Cali – USC, ha sido líder en la propuesta, proyección y ejecución de proyectos que dinamizan el campo de la educación y ha sido visionaria en sus desarrollos. Al hacer un recorrido por la memoria histórica de la facultad, sus diversas experiencias, logros, beneficios e impacto en la sociedad, se evidencia como el campo de la educación ha orientado su formación en las áreas de, biología, química, matemática, sociales, tecnología de la información, lenguaje, idioma extranjero, ciencias naturales, con una importante y además diferenciadora orientación de la formación docente, sus prácticas pedagógicas, su liderazgo y compromiso con el ambiente, que hace de estos aspectos un valor diferenciador de la formación de maestros.
STOCHASTIC MODELING OF THE TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Pavlenko Nadiia
Published: September 2021

The article proposes a stochastic model of the training development process based on W-functions and the theory of closed flow graphs, which allows to take into account the probabilistic nature of the process, the possibility of various problems and risks, and to assess the probability of obtaining the desired result. The use of such modeling can increase the effectiveness of decision-making during the planning and implementation of training programs for employees.
ЦИФРОВА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ СУСПІЛЬНО-ДЕРЖАВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ: РИЗИКИ ІННОВАЦІЙ
Authors: Сунєгін Сергій
Published: September 2021

у статті досліджуються соціальні ризики цифрової трансформації суспільно-державного розвитку. Відзначається, що ризики сучасних цифрових інновацій у значній мірі закладені у філософсько-світоглядних, ідеологічних константах соціального розвитку сьогодення. Наголошується на невід’ємності онлайн-життя сучасної людини від її офлайн-відносин, у зв’язку із чим з кожним роком індивіду стає все складніше орієнтуватися в специфіці відповідної комунікації. Детально висвітлюється проблема забезпечення належного рівня соціальної відповідальності в умовах віртуалізації суспільного життя та основні передумови, необхідні для її вирішення. Робиться висновок, що основною передумовою забезпечення позитивних перспектив обмеженої цифровізації суспільних відносин є значне посилення рівня колективної та індивідуальної моральної свідомості.
ВПЛИВ СТИМУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ НА ПРОРОСТАННЯ НАСІННЯ БОБОВИХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Ходаніцька Олена , Шевчук Оксана , Ткачук Олеся
Published: September 2021

Вивчали вплив стимуляторів росту агростимуліну та реастиму на процеси проростання насіння бобових культур. Встановлено, що замочування насіння у водних розчинах препаратів активізує прокльовування та проростання насіння сочевиці і квасолі. Використання агростимуліну призводило до збільшення енергії проростання сочевиці на 12% порівняно з контролем, в зразках квасолі – на 4%. За дії реастиму відмічалося підвищення енергії проростання для культур відповідно на 6% та 8%. Лабораторна схожість насіння сочевиці під впливом реастиму становила на 4% більше, ніж в контролі, а при замочуванні в розчині агростимуліну – на 6%. Обробка насіння квасолі агростимуліном покращувала схожість на 2% порівняно з контролем, у варіанті з реастимом – на 4%.
USE OF WATER CATHOLYTES TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD
Authors: Vasylyuk Svitlana , Myagchenko Yurii , Brytan Andrii
Published: September 2021

For washing use substances that give water "alkaline" properties and definitely increase the pH and reduce the surface tension, specifically they increase the extraction of pollutants from tissues. Surfactants in these solutions, which enter the environment after washing, promote to the growth of blue-green algae. This leads to decrease in oxygen in water, which is necessary for aquatic organisms (fish, amphibians, etc.). We propose to find methods and devices that reduce the use of surfactants for washing by attracting catholytes instead of ordinary water.
НАВЧАЛЬНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ТА КРАУДСОРСИНГ
Authors: Ходаковська Оксана
Published: September 2021

В наш час освіта зазнає впливу нових викликів, винаходів та новітніх технологій. Основна сфера, де представлені інновації, стосується методик навчання, на які можуть впливати різні чинники. Сучасні освітні технології використовують різноманітні способи залучення краудсорсингу для прямого чи опосередкованого навчання студентів. Ця технологія охоплює як розробку навчальних матеріалів, так і адаптацію навчального матеріалу з урахуванням різних потреб.
СИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД У ФОРМУВАННІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ АГРАРНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Бордюг Наталія
Published: September 2021

Досліджено актуальність формування та подальшого розвитку екологічної компетентності майбутніх фахівців, окреслено певні недоліки сучасної екологічної освіти, розроблено зміст методики формування екологічної компетентності здобувачів.
СТУДЕНТООРІЄНТОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД У МЕТОДИЦІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ В АГРАРНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Хомич Вікторія
Published: September 2021

У даній статті розглядається та аналізується студентоорієнтований підхід у методиці викладання української мови за професійним спрямуванням. Досліджено форми, особливості даного підходу у викладанні.
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПРИРОДНИЙ ПАРК «ПОДІЛЬСЬКІ ТОВТРИ», ЙОГО ТУРИСТИЧНА ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЬ І ТРАНСПОРТНА ДОСТУПНІСТЬ
Authors: Царик Петро , Царик Любомир , Кузик Ігор
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто питання функціонального зонування Національного природного парку (НПП) «Подільські Товтри», його доцільності та проблем функціонування. Визначено транспортну доступність 200 кілометрового радіусу і основних населених пунктів по автотранспортних шляхах в цих межах. Пораховано чисельність перспективних рекреантів з основних населених пунктів в радіусі 200 кілометрів. Означено основні перспективи функціонування НПП. «Подільські Товтри». Висвітлено роль заповідного об’єкту у регіональній та національній екомережах.
POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR THE ESSENTIAL CEREAL CROPS VARIETIES (RICE BUHOOTH 1, AND CORN SYNTHETIC GENOTYPE BAGHDAD 3) (STUDY CASE) IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2012
Authors: & et al. Lateef
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that the value of profitability coefficient was about 3.69, this indicates that the rice crop production system for the Rice Buhooth 1  takes advantage of the adopted government policy in that year, which means that there is governmental support for the product. In addition, domestic resource cost coefficient value which was about 0.72 indicates that there is comparative advantage for the Rice Buhooth 1  for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.74 and 1.59 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Regarding the Synthetic genotype Baghdad3, the value of profitability coefficient was about  1.75  which means that there is governmental support for the product. The domestic resource cost coefficient value was about 0.24 which indicates that there was comparative advantage for the mentioned above for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.48 and 1.56 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for the varieties that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers to major cereal crops varieties at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set a mechanism for the government intervention policy in the main crop prices in the country which help both the local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources properly.
PATH COEFFICIENT IN SAFFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATES
Authors: & et al. Wuhaib
Published: September 2021

In order to determine the traits that correlate to yield to rely on them as selection criteria for high yield in safflower; seeds of five cultivars .2081, Gelser Almais , Ordini, and rabia 500 planted in the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture –Uni. Of Baghdad during 2010and 2011.The design  of experiments is randomize complete block design  with split plot arrangement with three replication. Data were recorded for traits: yield/ plant, total yield, harvest index, oil%, number of seed/plant, number of seeds/capsules, seed weight,dry weight of plant, number of capsules/plant, number of primary and secondary branches and plant height. Results of statistical analysis illustrate that the genotypic and phenotypic correlation and direct and indirect effects were different due to differences in harvest dates and tow years of planting.The highest positive genetic correlation and direct effects with yield were for plant height and total yield for first harvest  in first year, for second year were dry weight, number  of capsules/ plant, number of seed/ plant and total yield. For second harvest in first year was total yield only. and number of capsule/ plant, dry weight, total yield and number of seeds/ plant, in second year. Also only total yield in third harvest in first year, and dry weight and total yield in second year. In fourth harvest first year the traits were number of capsules\plant and total yield, dry weight and total yield in second year. For that we can rely these traits as criteria for selection in breeding programs to improve the yield of safflower.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION METHODS AND MAGNETIZATION OF WATER ON QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY
Authors: & Abdul-Razaq Yahya
Published: September 2021

This experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Field Crop Department, College of Agriculture, university of Baghdad, during two spring seasons of 2012 and 2013 to study the response of quality characteristics of sunflower cultivar Akmar to the irrigation methods and water of magnetization technology and water use efficiency. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four irrigation methods were used as main plots, [Farrow irrigation (I1), unfixed alternate furrow irrigation (I2), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (I3) and basin irrigation (I4)], while four levels of magnetized water (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000) Gauss were used as sub plot treatments. The results revealed that unfixed alternate furrow irrigation method could reduce irrigation water by 40 %, and it was irrigation water reduced from 425 to 255 mm per season in 2012th season and reduced from 364 to 234mm per season in 2013 season were an increment of water use efficiency (WUE) by 63.5% and 61.4% were accrued during growing seasons respectively in comparison with full irrigation treatment (I1). The Leaves potassium content decreased by14.4 to 5.8% for both seasons respectively. No significant effect was detected between I1 and I2 in qualitative traits except reduction in oil percentage as it reaches 6.3 to 8.8% in both seasons respectively. Results displayed a positive effect of using magnetized irrigation water on all measured traits. WUE increased by 45.1 to 56 %, nitrogen leaf content by 19.6 and 4.8% , phosphor leaves content by 35.1 and 41.7%, potassium leaves content by 20.7 and 10.8%, chlorophyll content by 4.5 to 7.6%, seed oil content by 5.0 to 5.6%. Interaction relations between experiment treatments were significant in some of studded traits.
STUDY EFFECT OF A PRICE VOLATILITY ON SUPPLY RESPONSE OF CORN IN IRAQ DURING PERIOD (1980 – 2014)
Authors: & Al- Ukeili Saleh
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study to analysis Supply Response to the Corn in Iraq for Period (1980 – 2014), And effect of Price Volatility on the Supply Response through the study of the effect the explanatory variables (Average Prices of corn, for Previou year, Area Planted For Previou Year, The weighted Price (Competitive Price), The Price of Fertilizer (Urea), Total flows of Tigris And Euphrates Rivers, The Expected Price variance) on Dependent Variable (Area Planted for Corn Crop). The results indicated A Clear Disorders (Volatility) In the Average Corn Prices for Period (1991- 1996) In other Words, The Time Series of Corn Prices, And This Was an Excuse to Go to Estimate in the ARCH Family Model. It was Selected Model EGARCH (2,2) According To The Results of Statistical Tests, Which Gave An Indication of The Preference for This Model To Others, Through The Results Equation of Supply Response Note That The coefficient of The Price To Previou Year, Which Represents The Price Elasticity of Supply In The Short Run Was Identical To The Logic of Economic Theory Signal Is Positive And The Level of Significance of 1% Amounted (0.0454), And This Proves Rational Farmers In Response To Price Increase The Area, The Cross Elasticity Came To The Logic of Economic Theory And Moral Level of Probability of 1% Amounted (-0.2414), And Results of The Price Elasticity of Supply That The offer Is Inelastic In The Short Run Because The Elasticities of The Crop Was Less Than one, As Well As The Elasticity of Supply for The Production Costs And The Elasticity of Supply For Irrigation Water Came Matching Economic Logic And Moral Level of 1%, The Price Variation Parameter Which Is A Relative Measure of Price Volatility And A Significant Came Its Signal Positive Explain The Relationship With The Planted Crop Area, As The Value of The Asymmetry Factor Positive Appeared And It's A Significant At The Level of Probability of 1% It Confirms That The Good News (Shocks) for Farmers Have A Greater Effect on Response Changes For Random Variable Effect (Risk) of Bad News (Shocks) In The Short Run.
EVALUATION THE EFFICINCY OF SUBSTRATE IN YIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITIES OF Flammulina velutipes
Authors: & et al. Abdulrazzaq
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the substrate on the productivity and quality for Flammulina velutipes. Results of the effect of different agro-waste sawdust (SD), wheat straw (WS) and palm waste (PW). on the mean fungal mycelium growth shows that Flammulina velutipes gave the highest mean fungal mycelium growth on SD culture media amended with 2, 3, 4% lime at 30c. evaluation the efficiency of the above  agro-waste  substrate morphological and productivity showed that, the shortest period for the full growth of F. velutipes mycelium was on SD substrate, the shortest period for the pinhead formation 8.6days on  the fungus gave highest yield on WS which was 152.3 gm/ bag with 61.1% biological efficiency. The shortest time for full growth of F. velutipes was achieved in PW amended with wheat bran, the highest yield was in WS enriched with wheat bran which 306.7 gm/ bag with 129.3% biological efficiency. Results showed differences in quality characteristics in fruit bodies  of fungi by effect of substrate.
THE EFFECT OF IGF-1 GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE PARAMETRS IN BROILER CHICKEN BREED COBB500.
Authors: & AL-Suhail AL-Hassani
Published: September 2021

This experiment investigated the association between SNP 5 UTR region of insulin –like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) and phenotypic productive  and physiological traits in cobb500 broiler breed .The study was conducted at poultry farm in Abu-Graib region  during a period from 1Nov 2016-14Dec 2016 .Four hundred fifty broiler chicks one day old (cobb500) were wing –banded and divided to three treatment groups (three replicates each) according to gene polymorphisms .DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples .Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used in the 5 UTR  region of IGF-1. Chicks were reared under conventional conditions according the guide and fed ad libitum at the end of experiment number of birds were killed to measure carcass cuts. Results showed a significant (P≤ 0.05) increase in live body weight of TT comparing with TC and CC in 1st week, whereas no significant differences was found between different polymorphisms in weight gain, blood traits and serum components in all weeks  .on the other hand  a significant (p≤ 0.05) increase was found  in final  body weight ,carcass weight and length of  sternum and thigh bones for TT polymorphism in comparison with TC and CC.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF RATE VOLUME LIQUID WATER CONTENT IN LOW CLOUDS OVER IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Zangana
Published: September 2021

Iraq suffers a severe declining catastrophic in water resources; due to disagreement Share water to the neighboring countries Turkey, Syria and Iran. As well as the water policy in Iraq is unclear, the management of Iraq water have no strategic plan to treat the severe decrease in water sources. In this study, adopted eight climatic stations, are available at Iraqi general meteorological organization. The low clouds data 24 observations per day had been taken, from 1975 to 2005. For this purpose, the researchers determined the distribution of the stations and water amount at the Iraq using (GIS) Technique.  It has found the annual average liquid water content calculated from the Low cloud only is 2585742648 m3, and the annual average Rainfall from the low cloud is 2563537 m3. In addition, the net LWC is 2583179111 m3, so there are great opportunities to Enhancement rain from Low Clouds. To get the greatest benefit from the main low – level clouds in supplying liquid water for cloud seeding, must be given a serious attention to observing four clouds type (Sc5, Cb9, Sc8 and Cu2).
THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE LOADED WITH CEFTAZIDIUM ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST MULTIDRUG ERSISTANCE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: & MAHMOOD HAMID
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of gold nanoparticles that was synthesized by biological method using Aloe Vera extract. The Surface morphology of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was confirmed by Atomic force microscope (AFM) while the nature of functional groups present in gold nanoparticles was determined by FT-IR analysis. The antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticle was tested against multidrug resistance (MDR)pseudomonas aeruginosa, the results showed a significant effect against MDR isolates. Gold nanoparticle was loaded with ceftazidium antibiotic in order to improve the antibacterial activity and drug delivery efficiency. The synergistic effects of biosynthesize gold loaded with ceftazidium antibiotic at different concentration against MDR bacteria were also investigated. The result showed that ceftazidium-loaded nanoparticles have superior effectiveness compared to native ceftazidium against pseudomonas aeruginosa.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOLASSES AND LIQUID WHEY ON FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA LEAVES SILAGE AND ITS NUTRITIVE VALUE
Authors: & et al. Saeed
Published: September 2021

Factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of two factors, molasses (M) and liquid whey (LW) on fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of date palm leaves (DPL). Fresh DPL was chopped into 1-2 cm and treated with treatment solutions prepared by addition of 5, 7.5 or 10% of M together with 3 levels of LW on basis of nitrogen content equivalent to 0, 1 or 1.5% of urea. Ground wheat straw was added to each sample at rate of 50 g. Materials were packed into double nylon sacs and ensiled for 60 days. Samples of DPL were appeared firmly connected and most of them acquired yellowish to light green color with emission of an apple-date vinegar smell. Results revealed that there was a significant (P˂0.01) decrease in dry matter and crude fiber contents with increasing M levels. In DPL silages prepared with 10% of M, these contents were 30.04 and 34.70% respectively. Crude protein content was significantly increased (P˂0.01) from 6.39 to 7.32 and 7.32% for 0, 1 and 1.5% levels of LW respectively. This was associated with a significant (P˂0.05) decrease in fat content. All samples of DPL silages were characterized with good quality as evidenced by fermentation characteristics. There was a significant (P˂0.01) decrease in pH accompanied with an increase (P˂0.01) in ammonia nitrogen concentration. Values ranged between 3.85 to 3.78 and 3.84 to 4.32% of total nitrogen for the 1st and 2nd parameters due to the addition of low and high levels of M respectively. Addition of LW at 1 and 1.5% levels decreased (P˂0.05) pH from 3.85 to 3.81 and 3.81, but concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were increased (P˂0.01) from 2.29 to 2.97 and 3.11% of DM. Results showed that increasing level of M to 7.5 and 10% increased (P˂0.01) DM loss from 12 to 17.78%, but it improved (P˂0.01) aerobic stability. Samples of DPL silages prepared with addition of 1.5% of LW resisted for longer (P˂0.01) period (55.58 hours) before signs of aerobic deterioration were appeared.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINK AND SALICYLIC ACID ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF HALAWANI GRAPE CULTIVAR (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Al-Atrushy Sh. M. M.
Published: September 2021

THis investigation aimed to study the effect of foliar application with zinc alone or in combination with salicylic acid on vegetative growth, yield, physical and chemical properties of Halawani grapevine cultivar during two successive seasons (2017 and 2018). Zinc was used at concentration of 2 and 4 g.L-1 in a chelated form and salicylic acid at concentration of (50, 100 and 150 mg. L-1) in addition to control treatment for each of them. The result obtained proved that all parameters such as leaf area, total chlorophyll, number and weight of cluster, yield, berries size and weight, as soon as TSS, total sugar, juice percentage and density, β-carotenes, Zn, N. proline content of leaves were increased significantly as compared with control, while total acidity and total phenols were decreased by all treatments as compared with control. Furthermore, combination between high concentration of zinc and salicylic acid improved all parameters in comparison with the control.
REDUCING CHEMICAL FERTILIZER IN SWEET POTATO CULTIVATION BY USING MIXED BIOFERTILIZER
Authors: & et al. Hindersah
Published: September 2021

Biofertilizer enable to improve nutrient cycle in soil and induce plant growth and production, but sweet potatoes farmers in Indonesia are still use only chemical fertilizer as a source of plant nutrient. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of different doses of consortium biofertilizer to reduce chemical fertilizer dose; and maintain yield and sweetness of two sweet potato varieties. The experimental design was completely randomized block design which tested six combinations of different chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer doses. Analysis of variance was performed to determine any significant differences between the means of treatments. The results showed that the response of both sweet potatoes varieties on combined application of chemical and bio fertilizer was differ. All treatments did not change tuber number and weight of sweet potato var. Awachy-1 but increased those of var. Rancing. Application of diazotrophic bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Acinetobacter) mixed with phosphate solubilizing microbes (Pseudomonas and Penicillium) with reduced fertilizer doses up to 75% did not alter soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Despite different fertilizer rates, tubers number of both sweet potato varieties in individual plot was similar. Yield did not change due to reduction of fertilizer dose up to 75% when biofertilizer was applied. However, yield was potentially decreased when chemical fertilizer was only 50%. All fertilizer treatments did not change the sweetness of tuber which indicated by constant brix. Research suggested that biofertilizer might substitute 25% of chemical fertilizer to obtain the same yield and quality of tuber, and maintain the availability soil nitrogen and phosphorous.
Comparison of Kidney Segmentation Under Attention U-Net Architectures
Authors: Alevizos Vasileios , Hon Marcia
Published: September 2021

One of the most prominent machine learning advantages in the medical industry is the early detection of disease. Automatic kidney detection is of great importance for rapid diagnosis and treatment, where related diseases occupy over 73,750 new cases in the US in 2020 [1]. Today, the performance of diagnosis has been by highly trained radiologists. However, the complex structures contribute to speckle noise and inhomogeneous intensity profiles. Thus, there is a necessity to automate segmentation on kidney ultrasounds using U-Net Deep Learning architectures - an innovative solution for Medical Imaging Analysis. In this research, our focus is on the comparison of Attention U-Net in the context of different backbones such as VGG19, ResNet152V2, and EfficientNetB7. By providing this comparison, we will accomplish a survey for future researchers to more effectively decide on which Attention U-Net architecture to utilize for their segmentation projects.
Gate Driver Circuits With Discrete Components For GaN-based Multi-Level Multi-Inductor Hybrid Converter
Authors: Das Ratul , Le Hanh-Phuc
Published: September 2021

Gate driver circuits to ensure proper turn-on and turn-off for power switches are essential parts of a power converter design. They become even more important for multilevel converters where multiple switches are operated at active voltage domains. Recent favorable use of Gallium-Nitride (GaN) devices for power switches makes gate driving even more challenging as the switch performance and reliability are more sensitive to variations of the gate driving signals and power compared with traditional power MOSFETs. This paper discusses gate driving methods using a multi-level multi-inductor hybrid (MIH) converter as the demonstration prototype to address two key challenges in designing gate drivers: 1) providing level-shifted PWM signals to active voltage domains and 2) powering schemes for gate driver circuits. To solve the first challenge, an optimal use of available half-bridge drivers is devised to eliminate the need for separate signal isolator chips. This method was implemented and verified in a MIH converter prototype for 48-V Point-of-Load (PoL) applications using three different powering schemes for gate drivers, including isolated power modules, regulated supplies from switch blocking voltages, and cascaded bootstrap power rails with regulations. The gate driver techniques and powering schemes are compared experimentally in terms of performance to illustrate their benefits and trade-offs.
Analysis of Capacitor Voltage Imbalance in Hybrid Converters and Inherently Balanced Operation Using Symmetric Architecture
Authors: Das Ratul , Le Hanh-Phuc
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the origin of the flying capacitor voltage imbalance in hybrid converters. By observation and logical deduction, an intuitive voltage-charge relationship is established which can give a general explanation of the flying capacitor voltage balance in hybrid converters. This relationship can establish a relatively simple and intuitive method to identify the difference of balance performance in hybrid converters for Vout<(Vin /N) cases. Converter with even number of inductor charging intervals, are shown to be susceptible to flying capacitor voltage imbalance, while flying capacitors in hybrid converters with inductors having odd charging intervals have inherently balanced operations. As a direct result of the analysis, a new symmetric operation of FCML converters is introduced to achieve an inherent balance of flying capacitor voltages. Hardware implementations and experiments have been carried out for verifications of the analytical analysis and the new symmetric operation.
Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain with Proof-of-Authority
Authors: Islam Md. Mainul , IN Hoh Peter
Published: September 2021

Conventional copyright systems are governed nationally, and there is no global ledger to store copyright data. Because copyright laws differ across countries, it is difficult to provide cross-border copyright protection. The differences in national copyright laws, absence of a global copyright monitoring system with a central cloud that can store copyrighted content worldwide, and lack of transparency raise challenges in international copyright management. Copyright information is dispersed across various centralized databases, which are not incentivized to share. It is impossible to bring all centralized servers that store billions of copyright data under a synchronized platform. Due to the lack of a global copyright monitoring system through which people can investigate whether a work is copyrighted by searching copyright catalogs and records, copyrighted works are often downloaded from Google or social media unconsciously and shared with others freely, which may result in huge revenue losses to copyright holders.
In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized copyright system based on consortium blockchain, which ensures cross-border copyright protection of individuals’ digital content and solves existing challenges in international copyright management. The proposed system enables a synchronized platform to register and trade copyright globally without using a global cloud. Unlike conventional copyright systems, the proposed system
does not require any centralized server to store copyrighted
content. Instead, blockchain is used to store the metadata of
copyrighted content. Individual countries receive membership from a copyright federation and participate in block creation by executing the energy-saving proof-of-authority consensus algorithm. These countries are regarded as the authorities of the platform and are responsible for proposing new blocks after validating transactions. Anyone, either registered or unregistered, can investigate a copyrighted work, but only registered users can make transactions. A token-based payment system is also proposed for paying copyright charges or transaction fees to the authorities through the federation. A prototype of the system was implemented, and its performance was evaluated. This paper provides direction and guidance towards international copyright management.
Breiman's "Two Cultures'' Revisited and Reconciled
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Deep , Wang Kaijun
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces a new data analysis framework, called Integrated Statistical Learning (ISL) theory, which offers solutions to blend the "two cultures" into a coherent whole by establishing a link between them. Through examples, we describe the challenges and potential gains of this new integrated statistical thinking.
Multi-Quantile Recurrent Neural Network for Feeder-Level Probabilistic Energy Disaggregation Considering Roof-Top Solar Energy
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Watkins Chris , Kuenzel Stefanie
Published: September 2021

The purpose of feeder-level energy disaggregation is to decouple the net load measured at the feeder-head into various components. This technology is vital for power system utilities since increased visibility of controllable loads enables the realization of demand-side management strategies. However, energy disaggregation at the feeder level is difficult to realize since the high-penetration of embedded generation masks the actual demand and different loads are highly aggregated. In this paper, the solar energy at the grid supply point is separated from the net load at first via either an unsupervised upscaling method or the supervised gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) method. To deal with the uncertainty of the load components, the probabilistic energy disaggregation models based on multi-quantile recurrent neural network model (multi-quantile long short-term memory (MQ-LSTM) model and multi-quantile gated recurrent unit (MQ-GRU) model) are proposed to disaggregate the demand load into controlled loads (TCLs), non-thermostatically controlled loads (non-TCLs), and non-controllable loads. A variety of relevant information, including feeder measurements, meteorological measurements, calendar information, is adopted as the input features of the model. Instead of providing point prediction, the probabilistic model estimates the conditional quantiles and provides prediction intervals. A comprehensive case study is implemented to compare the proposed model with other state-of-the-art models (multi-quantile convolutional neural network (MQ-CNN), quantile gradient boosting regression tree (Q-GBRT), Quantile Light gradient boosting machine (Q-LGB)) from training time, reliability, sharpness, and overall performance aspects. The result shows that the MQ-LSTM can estimate reliable and sharp Prediction Intervals for target load components. And it shows the best performance among all algorithms with the shortest training time. Finally, a transfer learning algorithm is proposed to overcome the difficulty to obtain enough training data, and the model is pre-trained via synthetic data generated from a public database and then tested on the local dataset. The result confirms that the proposed energy disaggregation model is transferable and can be applied to other feeders easily.