bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enjeux de conservation des endémiques chasmophytes de basse altitude en Méditerranée : cas du genre Silene section Siphonomorpha (Caryophyllaceae) en Algérie
Authors: Mesbah Melilia , Bekdouche Farid , Laidi Keyssa , Véla Errol , Sahnoune Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Les falaises calcaires méditerranéennes de basse altitude sont connues pour leur diversité et leur richesse exceptionnelles en endémiques, souvent insuffisamment évaluées en Algérie. Cette étude est une analyse et une synthèse des évaluations UICN individuelles de trois endémiques chasmophytes algériennes, Silene sessionis, S. aristidis et S. auriculifolia. L’objectif est de comprendre les diverses menaces qui s’exercent sur ce type d’habitat et les enjeux de conservation que représentent les espèces qui l’habitent. L’évaluation de celles-ci a été réalisée dans cinq zones littorales ou sublittorales du pays. Leurs statuts de conservation ont été établis selon les recommandations de l’UICN et validés par le processus officiel de Liste Rouge. De nouveaux sites ont été découverts pour S. sessionis et S. aristidis avec respectivement 23/103 et 152/1174 individus jeunes/total, une zone d'occurrence (EOO) de 2 et 2623 km² et une zone d’occupation (AOO) de 12 et 32 Km². Les menaces identifiées sont les carrières, l’escalade sportive et le béton projeté. Un seul site a été retrouvé pour S. auriculifolia (absent dans trois autres sites historiques), avec seulement six individus, tous sénescents, une EOO et une AOO de seulement 0 et 4 Km respectivement. Les menaces y sont mal identifiées. Les nouveaux statuts retenus pour les trois espèces sont, respectivement, « En Danger d’Extinction », « Vulnérable » et « En Danger Critique d’Extinction ». Des mesures de conservation in situ sont très recommandées concernant S. sessionis et S. aristidis, et une conservation ex situ de S. auriculifolia apparaît urgente. L’enjeu patrimonial de ces falaises en Algérie, souvent situées à proximité de villes et/ou d’infrastructures de transport, mérite un renfort des mesures réglementaires (protection légale des espèces, interdiction de techniques d’aménagement) et des mesures de prévention (études d’impact avant projet).
Une brève histoire du système TRAPPIST-1
Authors: Ducrot Elsa
Published: January 2022

Not so long ago we could still believe that our solar system was unique, that the planets surrounding our Sun were exceptions and that life only exists on planet Earth. Since the first discovery of an exoplanet (a planet orbiting a different star than the sun) in 1995 [1] our views changed drastically. First of all, we realised that hosting planets is more likely a rule for a star than an exception. Second, we discovered a large diversity of systems with extraordinary structure and history. In particular, we realised that the majority of planets discovered belong to a class of planets that does not even exist in our system. To date, we count more than 4000 confirmed exoplanets with almost one new planet being discovered every two days. In this article we review the detection and first characterisation of an exceptional system, the TRAPPIST-1 system. We explain what makes this system so special and all the work that has been archived since the first announcement of its discovery in 2015.
A sharp future for the 3.6-m DOT? The power of adaptive optics for medium size telescopes
Authors: Orban de Xivry Gilles , Absil Olivier , Moreau Vincent
Published: January 2022

Adaptive optics (AO), by compensating in real time the blurring due to atmospheric turbulence, improves the angular resolution and the sensitivity of ground-based telescopes. AO represents an opportunity for medium size telescopes to be competitive with respect to large and very large observatories. AO can be beneficial for most scientific cases and – we think – reachable with a reasonable effort. In this contribution, we review the current state of adaptive optics in medium size telescopes, discuss promising avenues and present a possible science case for the DOT. In the second part, we present the relevant expertise we are currently building up in Liège in the framework of the SALTO project, a 1-m telescope demonstrator with laser guided adaptive optics.
Scientific potential of the Indo-Belgian 3.6-m DOT in the field of Galactic Astronomy
Authors: Sagar Ram , Kumar Brijesh , Subramaniam Annapurni
Published: January 2022

India and Belgium have jointly established two 4-meter class optical telescopes at Devasthal located in Nainital, India. After successful installation of the 3.6-m modern new technology Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) in 2015, it was technically activated by premiers of both countries from Brussels on March 30, 2016. Since then, the 3.6-m DOT has been used for both optical and near-Infrared (NIR) observations for a number of research proposals. The best angular resolution achieved is 0″.4 indicating that the optics of the 3.6-m DOT is good and capable of providing images of celestial bodies with sub-arc-second resolution. The observations provide proof that the care taken in the construction of the telescope dome building has paid a rich dividend as their thermal mass is so low that it has not degraded the natural atmospheric seeing at Devasthal measured about two decades ago during 1997 to 1999 using differential image motion monitor. A few preliminary scientific results obtained from recent observations are presented along with performance and global potential of the 3.6-m DOT in the field of galactic astronomy. The 3.6-m DOT is capable of providing internationally competitive science once high resolution spectrograph and other planned modern back-end instruments become operational. Geographical location of the observatory has global importance for time domain and multi-wavelength astrophysical studies.
Optical characterization and Radial velocity monitoring of Exoplanet and Eclipsing Binary
Authors: Joshi Yogesh Chandra , De Cat Peter , Panchal Alaxendra , Goswami Aruna , Lampens Patricia , Vermeylen Lore , Maurya Jayanand
Published: January 2022

In recent times, many new exoplanet and eclipsing binary candidates are reported, particularly from the archival data produced by the Kepler space mission destined to detect exoplanets in the Cygnus-Lyra region of the sky. In the framework of Belgo-Indian Network for Astronomy & Astrophysics (BINA) project, we also initiated a long-term programme ”Optical characterization and Radial velocity monitoring with Belgian and Indian Telescopes (ORBIT)” which aims at collecting ground-based photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic observations of exoplanet candidates as well as low-mass eclipsing binary candidates using the Indo-Belgian telescopes. We initially focus our study on a few bright candidates for which high-precision radial velocity and photometry could be possible from the available facilities within the BINA network. Our aim is to determine the physical parameters of these candidate stars in order to derive their true nature. Having a large enough sample of low-mass objects from this survey as well as from those reported in the earlier surveys, we intend to understand the mass-radius relation which is still debated for the low-mass regime of the main-sequence stars.
Rotation rates of pre-main sequence stars: role of circumstellar disk
Authors: Dutta Somnath , Mondal Soumen , Joshi Santosh , Das Ramkrishna
Published: January 2022

Photometric variability with new high-cadence, long-duration data has drawn a huge interest to explore the time domain behaviour of young stellar objects since the last few decades. Here we provide an overview of optical photometric observations of the young clusters, identification of variable nature from their light curves, characterization of their circumstellar disk. Based on our studies, we find that 50-65% of young stars are variable in our studied regions. Most of the periodic young stars have periods less than 10 days. Disk-bearing stars have relatively larger amplitudes than the older population, which indicate that the young stellar variability could be due to the effect of the hotspot, asymmetric disk obscuration, accretion outbursts or any other structural modification in the inner disk regions.
REMAP: Determination of the inner edge of the dust torus in AGN by measuring time delays
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Rakshit Suvendu , Pal Indrani , Stalin Chelliah Subramonian , Sagar Ram , Mathew Blesson
Published: January 2022

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are high luminosity sources powered by accretion of matter onto super-massive black holes (SMBHs) located at the centres of galaxies. According to the Unification model of AGN, the SMBH is surrounded by a broad emission line region (BLR) and a dusty torus. It is difficult to study the extent of the dusty torus as the central region of AGN is not resolvable using any conventional imaging techniques available today. Though, current IR interferometric techniques could in principle resolve the torus in nearby AGN, it is very expensive and limited to few bright and nearby AGN. A more feasible alternative to the interferometric technique to find the extent of the dusty torus in AGN is the technique of reverberation mapping (RM). REMAP (REverbertion Mapping of AGN Program) is a long term photometric monitoring program being carried out using the 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, aimed at measuring the torus size in many AGN using the technique of RM. It involves accumulation of suitably long and well sampled light curves in the optical and near-infrared bands to measure the time delays between the light curves in different wavebands. These delays are used to determine the radius of the inner edge of the dust torus. REMAP was initiated in the year 2016 and since then about one hour of observing time once every five days (weather permitting) has been allocated at the HCT. Our initial sample carefully selected for this program consists of a total of 8 sources observable using the HCT. REMAP has resulted in the determination of the extent of the inner edge of the dusty torus in one AGN namely H0507+164. Data accumulation for the second source is completed and observations on the third source are going on. We will outline the motivation of this observational program, the observational strategy that is followed, the analysis procedures adopted for this work and the results obtained from this program till now.
GMRT survey of Cygnus OB2 region
Authors: Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Benaglia Paula , De Becker Michaël , Tej Anandmayee
Published: January 2022

A good fraction of very high energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) sources do not have confirmed counterparts at any of the other branches of electromagnetic spectrum. In the extra-galactic sky, most of the VHE sources with counter-parts are blazars, a sub-class of active galactic nuclei. However, VHE sources with identified counterparts in our Galaxy do have a wide range of categories, ranging such as supernovae remnants, colliding wind binaries, pulsar wind nebulae, micro-quasars, etc. The VHE emission and radio emission due to synchrotron process do occur from the same population of relativistic electrons in several type of sources, so the radio band is the first band to search for possible counterparts to unidentified VHE sources. In addition, the radio spectral index also gives important constraints on compactness and energetics of the electron population. In this work we present a two-frequency radio survey, at frequencies 325 MHz and 610 MHz, of the Cygnus OB2 region with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in order to address several astrophysical problems. The survey covers a wide area (~ 5 square degrees) at sub-mJy sensitivity which helps to discover faint radio sources to several objects for the first time. Also this is the first deep wide area radio survey of the region below 1.4 GHz, and the low radio frequency will preferentially pickup more non-thermal radio sources as compared to high radio frequencies. Here, we present the early results from this survey.
Stellar and Galactic studies with the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope
Authors: Goswami Aruna
Published: January 2022

Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block, Bengaluru, India, 560034 The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), of the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO), is currently one of the most heavily subscribed telescopes in India. The telescope has been in regular use for scientific observations by national as well as international astronomical communities since May 2003. Over the past fifteen years, various observational programs have been carried out using HCT contributing to our understanding of many different aspects of stellar and Galactic astronomy. Here, a glimpse of spectroscopic studies made using HCT is provided with an aim to expand potential collaboration in the area of stellar and Galactic studies using these observing facilities. Some results from our long-term observing program on a search for CH stars from low resolution spectroscopy of high Galactic latitude objects that has given us the potential to discover objects of rare types are discussed.
Probing the Galactic s-process nucleosynthesis using barium stars
Authors: Jameela Shejeelammal , Goswami Aruna
Published: January 2022

The origin and evolution of neutron-capture elements in our Galaxy is poorly understood. In this work, we have attempted to understand the Galactic s-process nucleosynthesis using barium stars as probes. We have performed high resolution spectroscopic analysis for three barium stars HD 36650, HD 207585 and HD 219116. The analysis of HD 219116 is based on HCT/HESP data at a resolution of 60,000 covering a wavelength region 3530-9970 Å. For HD 36650, we have used the FEROS spectrum at a resolution of 48,000 covering the wavelength region 3520-9200 Å. For HD 207585, the spectrum from VLT/UVES at a resolution of 48,000 covering the wavelength region 3290-6650 Å is used. Our analysis clearly shows that the surface chemical composition of these barium stars are enriched by s-process nucleosynthesis products coming from their former companion low-mass AGB stars. A discussion on the distribution of abundance ratios based on the existing nucleosynthesis theories is presented.
Probing high-mass star formation in the outflow source G12.42+0.50
Authors: Tej Anandmayee
Published: January 2022

This talk is based on the paper “Initial phases of high-mass star formation: A multiwavelength study towards the extended green object G12.42+0.50” by Namitha Issac, Anandmayee Tej, Tie Liu, Watson Varricatt, Sarita Vig, Ishwara Chandra CH and Mathias Schultheis and has been accepted for publication in MNRAS. A multiwavelength study of the extended green object G12.42+0.50 is presented. The associated ionized, dust, and molecular components of this source is probed using various observations at near- and far-infrared, submillimeter and radio wavelengths. The radio continuum emission mapped at 1390 and 610 MHz calls for a scenario of co-existence of an ultracompact (UC) H II region with an ionized jet possibly powered by the same young stellar object (YSO). Shock-excited lines of H2 and [Fe II] seen in the NIR spectra provide support to this picture. Study of the gas kinematics of the molecular cloud reveals the presence of both infall activity and large-scale molecular outflow, suggesting an early stage of massive star formation in G12.42+0.50.
A spectroscopic survey of oEA stars
Authors: Mkrtichian David , Engelbrecht Chris , Lampens Patricia , Lehmann Holger , A-thano Naparorn
Published: January 2022

National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandWe present the first results of a spectroscopic survey of southern and equatorial Algol-type eclipsing binary systems with mass-accreting pulsating components (oEA stars) using the 2.4-m Thai National Telescope (TNT) and the 10-m South African Large Telescope (SALT). The survey aims to find orbital and binary parameters and to detect the high-degree non-radial pulsations (NRPs). We report the detection of high-degree NRPs in AS Eri, WY Cet, VY Hya, GQ TrA, BD Vir, and UW Vir.
DustKING - the story continues: dust attenuation in NGC 628
Authors: Decleir Marjorie , De Looze Ilse , Boquien Médéric , Baes Maarten
Published: January 2022

Dust attenuation is a crucial but highly uncertain parameter that hampers the determination of intrinsic galaxy properties, such as stellar masses, star formation rates and star formation histories. The shape of the dust attenuation law is not expected to be uniform between galaxies, nor within a galaxy. Our DustKING project was introduced at the first BINA workshop in 2016 and aims to study the variations of dust attenuation curves in nearby galaxies. At the second BINA workshop in 2018, I presented the results of our pilot study for the spiral galaxy NGC 628. We find that the average attenuation law of this galaxy is characterised by a MW-like bump and a steep UV slope. Furthermore, we observe intriguing variations within the galaxy, with regions of high AV exhibiting a shallower attenuation curve. Finally, we discuss how our work might benefit from data taken with the UVIT from the Indian AstroSat mission.
Minéralogie des filons quartzeux cuivre-plomb de Chanly
Authors: Blondieau Michel , Puccio Stéphane , Hatert Frédéric , Bruni Yannick
Published: January 2022

La région de Chanly (Province de Luxembourg, Belgique) compte de nombreux indices minéralisés avec chalcopyrite et galène dans des veines de quartz logées dans des encaissants du dévonien inférieur. À côté des espèces classiques de ces filons métalliques Cu-Pb, on trouve également quelques espèces plus rares telles que la beaverite-(Cu) et la scotlandite notamment. Dans un contexte chimique assez simple (pas de phosphore, pas d'arsenic), les espèces formées aux dépens des sulfures sont des oxydes, hydroxydes, carbonates et sulfates.
Le CO2, un déchet au service de l'innovation
Authors: Grignard Bruno
Published: January 2022

Le CO2 : un déchet responsable des maux de la planète ou plutôt une ressource renouvelable vectrice d’innovation ? Pour tenter d’y répondre et en juger par vous-même, cet article présente de manière vulgarisée les différentes pistes envisagées pour capter, stocker, réutiliser et transformer le CO2. Il met également en avant le rôle que l’Université de Liège pourrait jouer dans la transition vers un modèle sociétal plus vertueux via la création de sa nouvelle plateforme technologique FRITCO2T.
Seismic probe of transport processes in red giants
Authors: Goupil MarieJo
Published: January 2022

Seismic data obtained with the space photometric CoRoT and Kepler instruments have led to a unprecendently precise characterization- in terms of masses and ages- of a large sample of post main sequence stars (low mass subgiant and red giants). The high quality of the collected seismic data and the subsequent theoretical work for interpreting them brought up a series of issues which revealed that our knowledge of the internal properties of red giant stars remains quite limited. Two such important issues are discussed here, namely mixing beyond the convective core of helium burning red giant stars and evolution of internal angular momentum for post main sequence stars. This includes how they were diagnosed and what are the resulting improvements in our understanding regarding these issues (or rather how far we are from a proper understanding and realistic modelling of the structure and evolution of post main sequence stars).
Effect of electrical stimulation on the production of cutaneous excreta by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L
Authors: Raouane Mohammed , El Harti Abdellatif
Published: January 2022

Cutaneous excreta of earthworms are an increasing interest in many areas of scientific research. Our study aims to develop an electrical technique for stimulating the production of these cutaneous excretions more efficient and less harmful than that using chemical stimulation with petroleum ether. This study made it possible to define the optimal electrical parameters ensuring the obtaining of a maximum rate of excretion. These parameters are respectively: a voltage (U) of 20V, a pulse frequency (F) of 100 stimulations per second and a stimulation time (T) of 5 minutes. The comparative study of this new technique of electrical stimulation compared to chemical stimulation shows statistically very comparable excretion production rates (p<0,05). However, electrical stimulation offers considerable advantages relating to the physical integrity of the worms (lower mortality rate than that obtained during chemical stimulation), the short duration of stimulation and the ease of recovery of sticky excretions. In addition, the electrical stimulation technique offers the possibility of reusing the worms in other electrical stimulations after a rest period of 3 weeks.
Activités biologiques de Tetraclinis articulata : revue de synthèse
Authors: Zahir Ilham , Er-rahmany Asma , Es-sadouny Raja , El Hadri Issam
Published: January 2022

Dans le cadre de la mise en valeur des vertus de la plante Tetraclinis articulata, une espèce considérée comme très importante en Afrique du Nord et connue sous le nom de thuya de barbarie, une revue de synthèse a été menée à partir de l’analyse d’un ensemble de recherches scientifiques réalisées principalement au Maghreb et en Égypte et abordant les principales activités biologiques de cette essence forestière. En fait, il s’agit d’une plante très employée dans la médecine populaire. Incontestablement, elle est préconisée aussi bien pour le traitement des infections intestinales et respiratoires que pour le diabète, l’hypertension et la fièvre. Par ailleurs, la plupart des études phytochimiques des huiles essentielles et/ou des extraits des différentes parties du thuya montrent que cette plante est riche en composants majeurs tels que les flavonoïdes, les polyphénols et les terpènes. Une ou plusieurs de ces molécules pourraient être la raison pour laquelle l’espèce T. articulata est dotée de maints pouvoirs biologiques, à savoir les activités antimicrobiennes (antibactériennes et antifongiques), anti-inflammatoires et antioxydantes, ce qui fait de la plante en question un immense réservoir à exploiter dans les domaines médical, alimentaire, cosmétique et agricole. Bien que l’espèce T. articulata soit caractérisée par une faible toxicité aigüe, des études toxicologiques pertinentes des extraits et/ou des huiles essentielles du thuya doivent être envisagées afin de juger de l’innocuité de cet arbre aussi bien pour l’environnement que pour l’organisme humain.
Approche diachronique de la flore des bassins fermés halomorphes de la région d’Oran (N-O Algérie)
Authors: Bahi Kheïra , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Hadjadj-Aoul Seghir
Published: January 2022

Cette étude est une approche diachronique d’étude de la flore et de la végétation des zones humides de la région d’Oran. Son but est de proposer une liste actualisée de la flore présente au niveau des ceintures des cinq bassins fermés d’Oran (la grande sebkha d’Oran, dayat Morsli, Oum El-Ghelaz, le lac Télamine et les salines d’Arzew). Cela nous permettra de d’identifier les changements que cette flore a subi et d'apprécier par conséquent la dynamique de la végétation locale à la lumière des conditions écologiques et anthropiques. Nous avons réalisé 60 relevés phytoécologiques suivant un échantillonnage stratifié. Les espèces récoltées ont été identifiées et leurs noms actualisés ce qui a permis de dresser une liste actualisée de la flore régionale. Cette liste a été comparée à une autre liste plus ancienne datant de 50 ans. La liste des taxons comporte 175 espèces relevant de 127 genres et de 39 familles. Le type biologique est dominé par des thérophytes de chorologie méditerranéenne. L’analyse diachronique des taxons retrouvés rapporte la présence de 80 espèces figurant dans les deux listes et la présence de 94 espèces (55%) nouvelles. Le nombre d’espèces tolérantes au sel reste relativement limité. Les ceintures de végétations étudiées connaissent une anthropisation importante due principalement au pâturage. La composition floristique a pu être également affectée par le changement climatique.
Surface modification of carbon dots with tetraalkylammonium moieties for fine tuning their antibacterial activity
Authors: Sviridova Elizaveta , Barras Alexandre , Plotnikov Evgenii , Di Martino Antonio , Deresmes Dominique , Nikiforova Ksenia , Trusova Marina , Szunerits Sabine , Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: January 2022

In this contribution, we report a facile functionalization method of carbon dots (CDs) by tetraalkylammonium moieties using diazonium chemistry to improve their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CDs were modified by novel diazonium salts bearing tetraalkylammonium moieties (TAA) with different alkyl chains (C2, C4, C9, C12) for the optimization of antibacterial activity. The functionalized CDs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy to confirm the covalent binding of TAA onto the CDs’ surface. Variation of the alkyl chain allows to reach the strongest antibacterial effect for CDs-C9 towards Gram-positive S. aureus (MIC 3.09±1.10 µg mL-1) and Gram-negative E. coli (MIC 7.93±0.17 µg mL-1) bacteria. In addition, the antibiofilm properties of the CDs-C9 were assessed; full biofilm inhibition was achieved after 6 h (64 µg mL-1) and 2 h (128 µg mL-1) treatment for S. aureus biofilm and >60% suppression of biofilm mass after 6 h (128 µg mL-1) for E. coli biofilm. CDs-C9 demonstrated good biocompatibility on mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3), HeLa and U-87 MG cell lines for concentrations up to 256 µg mL-1. Collectively, our work highlights the correlation between the surface chemistry of CDs and their antimicrobial performance.
Learning relationships between chemical and physical stability for drug development
Authors: Fine Jonathan , Wijewardhane Prageeth R , Beer Mohideen Sheik Dawood , Smith Katelyn , Bothe Jameson , Krishnamachari Yogita , Andrews Alexandra , Wuelfing Peter , Liu Yong , Chopra Gaurav
Published: January 2022

Chemical and physical stabilities are two key features considered in pharmaceutical development. Chemical stability is typically reported as a combination of potency and degradation product. For peptide products, it is common to measure physical stability via aggregation or fibrillation using the fluorescent reporter Thioflavin T. Executing stability studies is a lengthy process and requires extensive resources. To reduce the resources and shorten the process for stability studies during the development of a product, we introduce a machine learning based model for predicting the chemical stability over time using both the formulation conditions as well as the aggregation curve. In this work, we explore the relationships between the formulation, stability time point, and the measurements of chemical stability and achieve a coefficient of determination on a random test set of 0.945 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.421 when using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network for total degradation. Similarly, we achieve a coefficient of determination of 0.908 and an MAE of 1.435 when predicting the potency using a random forest model. When measurements of physical stability are included into the model, the MAE in the prediction of TD decreases to 0.148 for the MLP model. Using a similar strategy for the prediction of potency, the MAE decreases to 0.705 for the random forest model. Therefore, we can conclude two important points: first, chemical stability can be modeled using machine learning techniques and second there is a relationship between the physical stability of a peptide and its chemical stability.
Deep eutectic solvents comprising creatine and citric acid and their hydrated mixtures
Authors: Heaney Matthew , Adhikari Laxmi , Siegel Asher , Pekar Kyle , Lefton Jonathan , Lamberti Claire , Rungthanaphatsophon Pokpong , R. Walensky Justin , Baker Gary , Runcevski Tomce
Published: January 2022

We report the phase diagram for the binary creatine–citric acid mixture which features a stable and broad eutectic region. Combinations containing 10–60 mol% creatine yield a deep eutectic solvent with a glass transition temperature at 270 K. Addition of up to 70 mol% water to the binary mixture affords retention of the eutectic nature and a handle to vary solvent viscosity and polarity.
A COVID-19 State of Exception and the Bordering of Canada’s Immigration System: Assessing the Uneven Impacts on Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrant Workers
Authors: Abu Alrob Zainab , Shields John
Published: January 2022

Responses to COVID-19 have been characterized by rapid border closures that have transformed the pandemic from a crisis of health to a crisis of mobility. While Canada was quick to implement border restrictions for non-citizens like refugees and asylum seekers, exemptions were made for some migrant groups like temporary workers. The pandemic marked a departure from who is considered worthy of admission to Canada. In fact, the border through restricted and securitized measures has filtered desirable versus non-desirable migrants, creating a hierarchy among migrants within Canada’s immigration system by categorizing groups into those deserving versus non-deserving of admission. Deeply embedded societal discrimination and structural inequalities means that COVID-19 has exacerbated the vulnerabilities of migrant groups more than others. COVID-19 has placed an uneven burden on refugees who face increased border restrictions, significant health and safety risks, and limitations in accessing human rights. This paper documents the challenges, social and economic impacts, and exacerbated vulnerabilities border closures have imposed on refugees, asylum seekers and temporary migrants. We assess the many challenges that COVID-19 has created at the intersection of border studies, security resilience and human rights. We employ the conceptual frame of security resilience to critically analyse the dynamics of how and why border strategies have restricted migrant groups in times of crisis and amounted to an unjustified weakening of refugee rights. Finally, we argue that social resilience, which is rooted in rights-based strategies, not only ensures that societies are prepared to meet external shocks and disruptions, but that policy responses mitigate societal discrimination and inequalities. We highlight these strategies as effective mechanisms for reconciling both public health concerns and the rights of migrants to create more cohesive societies in times of crisis.
Toll of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Primary Caregiver in Yazidi Refugee Families in Canada: A Feminist Refugee Epistemological Analysis
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi , Chacko Soulit , Korsha Souzan
Published: January 2022

Existing discourse on refugee resettlement in the West is rife with imperialist and neoliberal allusions. Materially, this discourse assumes refugees as passive recipients of resettlement programs in the host country denying them their subjectivities. Given the amplification of all social and economic inequities during the pandemic, our paper explores how Canada's response to the pandemic vis-a-vis refugees impacted the everyday of Yazidis in Calgary - a recently arrived refugee group who survived the most horrific genocidal atrocities of our times.  Based on interviews with Yazidi families in Calgary and with resettlement staff we unpack Canada's paternalistic response to COVID-19 toward refugees. We show how resettlement provisions and social isolation along with pre-migration histories have furthered the conditions of social, economic, and affective inequities for the Yazidis. We also show how Yazidi women who were most impacted by the genocide and the subsequent pandemic find ways of asserting their personhood and engage in healing through a land-based resettlement initiative during the pandemic. Adopting a Feminist Refugee Epistemology and a southern moral imaginary as our discursive lenses, we highlight the need to dismantle the existing paternalistic structures and re(orient) resettlement practices and praxis to a social justice framework centering the voices of refugee women and families in their resettlement process.
Borders, Boundaries, and the Impact of COVID-19 on Immigration to Canada (Editors' Introduction)
Authors: Hamilton Leah K , Esses Victoria M , Walton-Roberts Margaret
Published: January 2022

N/A
Assessing error in human dental measurements: a comparison of resin casts, plaster casts, and dental enamel
Authors: Hubbard Amelia , Wilson Natasha , Vercellotti Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

Technical advances in 3D morphometrics and other forms of digital analysis allow for detailed measurements of dental metrics yet, consistently, dental anthropologists show a publishing preference for measurements using dental calipers. It is possible that this preference reflects the often complex field settings, wide global distribution of sample collections, or the simple fact that calipers are a relatively low maintenance and low cost technology. Similarly, in bioarchaeological studies, dental casts are often measured when field seasons or collections based trips do not allow ample time to measure the original teeth. As such, this study aimed to assess differences among measurements of plaster casts, resin casts, and dental enamel to determine if variables such as material softness could lead to measurement error. Results of a paired t-test demonstrate no statistically significant difference in dental measurements. Likewise, while plaster casts exhibited overall smaller mean (and individual) measurements than enamel and resin the differences (around 0.039 mm on average) are negligible. We, therefore, conclude that casts can be used in place of original teeth, where needed, and which material type is “best” can be determined by the researcher’s preferred medium.
Need Analysis for Developing a STEM-Based Student Worksheet Application
Authors: Rahmayani Fadillah , Hendri Menza , Rasmi Dian Pertiwi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze and determine the needs of teachers and students for a learning media development in the form of a STEM-based student worksheet application in  . Data obtained through observation, interviews and student learning style questionnaires given to teachers and students of SMA N 1 Muaro Jambi. Teachers need an interesting and interactive learning media that can attract students' interest, while students need learning media that combines all aspects of visual, audiotorial and kinesthetic learning styles which are obtained from questionnaires.that students have visual, kinesthetic and audiotorial learning styles with a percentage of 58.3%, 58.3% and 52.8%. So thatResearchers will develop student worksheets in digital form that refer to the results of the learning style analysis. Products produced are in the form of android and based on STEM.
The Analysis Student Interest in Chemistry Subjects on the National Exam in MAN Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Denispriyanti Indri , Kamaludin Agus
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify the difficulties experienced by students in learning chemistry. Besides, this study also aims to identify the factors causing the low interest in the National Examination of chemistry and determine students' interest in chemistry in the National Examination. This research is a type of descriptive research with a survey method. The population in this study was MAN in Sleman Regency and 3 of them were selected as samples. Sampling is done by stratified random sampling based on the value and number of chemical enthusiasts into 3 subpopulations. Data collection techniques in this study were closed questionnaires, interviews, and documents. The research instruments used were questionnaire sheets, interview guidelines, and documents. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics using percentages. The validity of the data used is technical triangulation. The results showed students' interest in chemistry subjects in the National Examination was included in the low category with a percentage of 15.2%.
Development of Acid-Base Online Science Literacy Test Instruments
Authors: Fadhilah Anita , Haryani Sri
Published: January 2022

Facing the challenges of the 21st century, it is essential for students to have basic knowledge of science. The ability of scientific literacy relates to how students conceive the environment, health, economy, and problems of modern society which are more concerned to technology, advancement, and science development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a scientific literacy test instrument that intends to measure students' scientific literacy skills. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the feasibility of online scientific literacy test instrument in acid-base material, (2) analyze the level of validity and reliability of online scientific literacy test instrument in acid-based material, and (3) examine the profile of students' scientific literacy skills toward the test instrument. This Research and Development (R&D) 4D model which adapted by Thiagarajan (1974) shows the feasibility and validity of the scientific literacy test instrument with score 0.414 and 0.782, respectively. The profile of students' scientific literacy skills was in good criteria of 67%. The profiles of students' scientific literacy skills of competence aspects were 66%, 63%, and 72%, respectively.
Improving Science Process Skills and Concept Understanding through Field Study of Class VII.1 Students
Authors: Mariana Erni , Kinasih Ayang
Published: January 2022

This study aims: (1). Improve students' KPS (Science Process Skills) abilities through Field Study learning. (2). Improve students' conceptual understanding skills through field study learning. This study uses (PTK) is Classroom Action Research, which is a research activity carried out in the classroom as an effort to study, critically reflect on a lesson plan on teacher performance, teacher-student interactions, and student-class interactions.The results in this study were an increase in the number of students who reached the target from cycle I to cycle II. The results in cycle II have reached the target set, this shows that the application of school-based learning is able to improve students' conceptual understanding. This percentage of achievement shows that students have experienced increased skills in observing, classifying, predicting, measuring, communicating, and concluding. This achievement shows that students have experienced increased understanding in translating, interpreting, and extrapolating. The percentage increase in the achievement of each indicator, namely, translating 13.1%, interpreting 14.4%, and extrapolating 13%. The conclusions in this study are (1). The percentage of improvement in science process skills by using field studies of class VII.1 students on the subject of Substance was 11.05%. (2). The use of field studies can improve the conceptual understanding of class VII.1 students on the subject of Substance by 13.7%.
Consecuencias de la asfixia perinatal en fetos o recién nacidos
Authors: Vásquez Uyaguari Bryan Enrique , Puetate Cuenca Jessica Estefanía , García Navarrete Cinthya Katherine , García Rivera Josselyn Michelle
Published: January 2022

La asfixia perinatal es una de las causas principales de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal en todo el mundo. Asfixia significa etimológicamente falta de respiración o falta de aire. Clínicamente es un síndrome caracterizado por la suspensión o grave disminución del intercambio gaseoso a nivel de la placenta o de los pulmones, que resulta en hipoxemia, hipercapnia e hipoxia tisular y acidosis. La AP representa cerca del 23% de los 4 millones de muertes neonatales que ocurren en el mundo. Sin embargo, sólo afecta a 0,2-0,4% de los recién nacidos (RN), incidencia que ha ido en disminución, acompañada de una disminución de la mortalidad, sin embargo, es una causa importantísima de secuelas neurológicas graves. En consecuencia, el objetivo general de la presente revisión es esbozar las consecuencias de la asfixia perinatal en fetos o recién nacidos. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. De la revisión se desprende que entre las principales consecuencias de la AP en fetos y recién nacidos se presenta el compromiso neurológico, que puede manifestarse por convulsiones, leucomalacia, parálisis cerebral, entre otros signos. Asimismo, un feto o recién nacido con asfixia perinatal puede presentar falla multiorgánica, donde puede existir compromiso cardiovascular, renal, pulmonar o gastrointestinales, entre los principales. Igualmente, entre las secuelas a largo plazo se encontraron la parálisis cerebral, problemas en la alimentación, epilepsia, las secuelas sensoperceptuales y neuropsicológicas. El trabajo preventivo sobre la asfixia perinatal en fetos y recién nacidos es fundamental, no obstante, una vez que se presenta este evento es importante reconocer sus consecuencias a los fines de aplicar la terapéutica adecuada, que brinde la mejor calidad de vida a estos pacientes.
Service Quality, Company Image And Location Affect To Customer Loyalty Case Of : Bank Jatim Main Branch Surabaya
Authors: Mahmudi Amin , Wulandari Ani , Alimudin Arasy
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the variables of Service Quality, Company Image and Location on Customer Loyalty at Bank Jatim Main Branch Surabaya. This research was conducted with quantitative methods. The data studied are primary data obtained directly from the company in the form of questionnaire results with a sample of 100 respondents from bank Jatim customers, the main branch of Surabaya and analyzed using SPSS version 25 for windows. The data were tested using the classical assumption test, namely: normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Then tested using t test, f test and determination test R2. The results showed that the variables of Service Quality, Company Image, and Location partially had a significant positive effect. Simultaneously seen from the test results, the F value of 15,889 with a value of sig = 0.000 shows that it is smaller than the value of = 0.050 (0.000 < 0.050) which means that the service quality variable (X1), company image (X2), location (X3) simultaneously significant effect on Service Quality.
Implementation of Flipped Classroom Learning to Improve Critical Thinking and Self Managements Skills of Vocational Students
Authors: Novitri Azura , Pada Andi Ulfa Tenri , Nurmaliah Cut , Khairil Khairil , Artika Wiwit
Published: January 2022

The involvement of vocational students to be minimized makes their critical thinking skills being underdeveloped, especially in the new normal period where studying in school is limited. This study aims to determine the improvement and differences of critical thinking skills, the differences in self-management and the correlation of them after implementation of flipped classroom learning. This study used a quantitative approach, applied research, and pre-experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 35 students of class X majoring in Fishing Vessel Nautics at SMK Negeri 6 Lhokseumawe which 30 students and SMK Negeri 1 Muara Batu which 5 students on November-December 2021. The parameters measured were critical thinking skills, self-management, correlation of them. The instruments used are multiple-choice questions with reasons for critical thinking skills and questionnaires for self-management. Data collected through pretest and posttest. Data on critical thinking skills and self-management were analyzed by n-gain test, the paired sample t-test, correlation between self-management and critical thinking skills with the Pearson correlation test, and expert validation. The results showed critical thinking skills was increased which 0.61 with the medium category, there were differences in students critical thinking skills and self-management after the implementation of flipped classroom learning on reproduction and basic genetics in fish which the value of ρ is 0.000 ≤ 0.05, and there was a correlation between self-management and critical thinking skills of vocational students which 0.793 with high positive correlation category
Predictors of positive treatment response to PTNS in women with overactive bladder
Authors: Suneetha Rachaneni , Doyo Enki , Megan Welstand , Thomasin Heggie , Anupreet Dua
Published: January 2022

Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a non-invasive treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). PTNS involves peripheral neuromodulation that uses electrical stimulation to target the spinal cord roots, mainly S3, which controls bladder function. Neuromodulation is postulated to be the effect of cross-signaling between sympathetic and parasympathetic post ganglionic nerve terminals and synapses, causing alteration of nerve signals involved in the voiding reflex. de Groat, et al. described this neurophysiological process and the neural circuits involved in controlling the lower urinary tract [1]. Stimulation of peripheral nerves and subsequent “cross-talk” at the level of the postganglionic neuroeffector junctions can modulate transmission and facilitate detrusor inhibition [2].
Intrasellar psammomatous meningioma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Luca Riccioni , Antonio Balestrieri , Fuschillo Dalila , Maria Teresa Nasi , Luigino Tosatto
Published: January 2022

Intrasellar meningioma (IM) is a rare occurrence that is difficult to distinguish preoperatively from the most common non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Here we describe a case of psammomatous IM occurring in a 68-year-old woman, presented with visual defects. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was found to have an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension that was approached with transsphenoidal surgery. Subtle radiological hints, namely dural tail sign, intralesional calcifications and a marked and homogenous early enhancement of IM on MRI after gadolinium administration, may aid clinicians in achieving an accurate pre-operative diagnosis and choosing the proper surgical approach. The clinical and neuroradiological features of IM described in the literature has been reviewed.
Nivel de percepción de la robótica educativa en una universidad peruana
Authors: Guerrero Támara Vidal , Penadillo Lirio comRudecindo Albino , Lezameta Blas Úrsula
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue analizar el nivel de percepción de la robótica educativa en una universidad peruana. El estudio corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo y por su nivel de profundidad fue descriptivo. Se empleó el diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística de tipo censal, constituida por 35 docentes del Departamento Académico de Educación. El recojo de información fue mediante un cuestionario con validez de contenido a través de juicio de expertos y una confiabilidad de 0.89. Se procesaron losdatos con la hoja de cálculo Microsoft Excel 2019 y se contrastó la hipótesis con la prueba de proporción con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Se concluye que el 97% de docentes desconoce los fundamentos conceptuales de la robótica educativa, mientras que el 94% carece de conocimiento de los aspectos pedagógicos de la robótica educativa. Por otro lado, el 74% de docentes no posee conocimiento de la aplicación de la robótica educativa. Estos resultados evidencian un nivel bajo de conocimiento sobre robótica educativa en los docentes