bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The capabilities at USA and Ukraine defense planning: comparative observations
Authors: Kalmykov V. , Malyshev O.
Published: September 2022

Основною задачею оборонного планування можна вважати досягнення неприйнятності можливих втрат для ймовірного агресора. Вирішення цієї задачі потребує гармонійного використання усіх можливостей, сил та здібностей держави та народу: ментальних, політичних, економічних, військових, наукових, освітніх, промислових, технологічних, тощо. На цей час у розвинених країнах усе більш розповсюдженим стає оборонне планування на основі спроможностей. Згідно з Рекомендаціями з оборонного планування України "Спроможність – це здатність структурної одиниці … або сукупності сил і засобів виконувати певні завдання … за певних умов обстановки, ресурсного забезпечення та відповідно до встановлених стандартів". Оборонне планування на основі спроможностей полягає в зосередженні зусиль не на створенні нових організаційних структур для забезпечення противаги відповідному бойовому потенціалу противника, а на розвитку спроможностей військ (сил) для ефективного виконання визначених завдань. Метою даної роботи є порівняння сучасного стану оцінювання спроможностей, як складової оборонного планування в Україні, з рівнем національного досвіду, досягнутим у США.
Reflection of transport aircraft of the state enterprise «Аntonov» in the development of modern numismatics
Authors: Kryvtsov А. , Kryvtsov О. , Tsarenko О.
Published: September 2022

Дана робота присвячена транспортним літакам Державного підприємства «Антонов», зокрема: АН-225 «Мрія», АН-2, АН-140, АН-124 «Руслан», АН-132, АН-74 та АН-148, які відображені в пам’ятних монетах з дорогоцінних та недорогоцінних металів України та Островів Кука. Досліджено геральдичні знаки, які відображені на монетах.
Criminal legal and criminological characteristics of violation of the statutory rules of relationship between military services exclusively
Authors: Tkachenko P.
Published: September 2022

Військова злочинність є загрозою національної безпеки України. Статистична інформація щодо поширення злочинів проти встановленого порядку несення або проходження військової служби не є задовільною, а отже потребує детального вивчення із застосуванням в подальшому ефективних заходів орієнтовних на поліпшення статистики. Станом на сьогодення, можливо виокремити групу військових злочинів, котрі є провідними за кількістю скоєних, такими є, зокрема, самовільне залишення військової частини або місця служби, дезертирство, ухилення від військової служби, викрадення, привласнення, вимагання військовослужбовцем військового майна, а також заволодіння ними шляхом шахрайства або зловживання службовим становищем, порушення статутних правил вартової служби чи патрулювання, недбале ставлення до військової служби. Всі перераховані вище кримінальні правопорушення є загрозою національній безпеці. Але не слід забувати про порушення котрі мають місце в середині військового колективу. Таким порушенням є злочин, передбачений ст. 406 Кримінального кодексу України. Порушення статутних правил взаємовідносин між військовослужбовцями за відсутності відносин підлеглості. Саме з цього злочину починається дисбаланс правосвідомості військовослужбовців. Даний злочин є доволі популярним серед рядового, сержантського та старшинського складу, ще з давніх часів, так звана «дідівщина» посідала провідне місце в неформальних відносинах солдатів. Ця «традиція» залишається популярною й по сьогодні але першочергово являє собою кримінальне правопорушення.
Functional model of information security control system
Authors: D. Holubnychyi D. , Tretiak V. , Zapara D. , Demenko M. , Novichenko S. , Doska O. , Saveliev A.
Published: September 2022

Використовуючи методологію функціонального моделювання IDEF0 була розроблена функціональна модель основних процесів управління системою інформаційної безпеки. Основна мета цієї моделі – відображення процесів управління системою інформаційної безпеки в організації. Показано, що можливо проведення декомпозиції процесу управління системою інформаційної безпеки у вигляді восьми підпроцесів. Основна увага приділена розгляданню вимог до адміністрування комп'ютерних систем і обчислювальних мереж.
Tecnologias educacionais e de cuidado para residentes de instituições de longa permanência para idosos: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Gonçalves Tier Cenir , Ost dos Santos Aline , Frecero Consiglio Melissa , Zago Bonorino Tatiele , Gonçalves Lira Leticia , Dalla Lana Letice
Published: September 2022

Objetivo identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as tecnologias de educação e do cuidado utilizadas pela equipe multiprofissional para residentes de Instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada em outubro de 2021 por quatro revisores de forma independente. Para a seleção dos artigos utilizou-se as seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed; Web of Science; SciVerse Scopus; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS); Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). A definição da questão norteadora deste estudo se deu mediante a estratégia Population/Patient/Problem – Interest - Context, Time (PICoT): Quais as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as tecnologias utilizadas pela equipe multiprofissional na educação e cuidado para residentes de Instituição de longa permanência de idosos dos últimos 05 anos? Resultados: As tecnologias do cuidado foram identificadas nos dois artigos que compõem o corpus da análise, apresentando níveis de evidência seis e sete. Não foram encontradas tecnologias educacionais voltadas para a educação da pessoa idosa em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Conclusão: é preciso desenvolver, validar e testar a aplicabilidade de tecnologias educativas e do cuidado voltadas para a equipe multiprofissional na educação e cuidado da pessoa idosa residente em Instituição de longa permanência para idosos.
Vitamina D e seus efeitos na prevenção de doenças
Authors: Lopes Leonel Claudete Patrícia , Abrami Monteiro Lucas Castilho , Patricio Rissi Gabrieli , Donini e Silva Juliana Dalcin , Batista do Nascimento Franciele , Bueno Sabino Matheus
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Analisar os níveis ótimos de vitamina D no organismo e seus efeitos na prevenção de doenças. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa. Foram selecionados artigos entre 2016 e 2020 nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, BDENF e Science Direct de março a julho de 2021. A padronização dos descritores foi realizada por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e pelo Medical Subject Headings. Foi utilizado o operador booleano “AND”. Resultados: Após aplicar todos os critérios de inclusão, houve 14 artigos que compuseram a amostra final, os quais responderam à questão de pesquisa. Estudos demonstraram os efeitos benéficos da vitamina D em diferentes patologias, entre essas para a COVID-19, asma, pneumonia, rinite alérgica, síndrome pré-menstrual, produção de imunidade, fibrose cística e tireoidite de Hashimoto. Conclusão: São muitos os benefícios da vitamina D, tais como potente anti-inflamatório, regulação de infecções e equilíbrio do sistema imune.
DAXİLİ MONOLOQ VƏ ONUN BƏDİİ ƏDƏBİYYATDA TƏSVİRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti müəllim, Yaşar qızı Məmmədova Sevinc
Published: September 2022

Açar sözlər: daxili monoloq, personaj, interpretasiya, leksik-semantik, təhtəlşüur Key words: internal monologue, character, interpretation, lexical-semantic, subconscious Bədii ədəbiyyatda olduqca önəmli bir məqam var ki, sözü gedən məqam əsnasında müəllif, bütün gücünü, istifadə olunan psixologizmin ən bariz nümunəsini məhz o məqamda ortaya qoyur. Bu məqam daxili monoloqlardır. Daxili monoloqlar, oxucunun əsərin qəhrəmanının daxili dünyası ilə, dolayısı ilə oxucunun əsərin qəhrəmanı ilə ən yaxın tanışlığıdır. Personajın oxucu ilə tanışlığa hazır olması üçün müəllif, ən uyğun, ən həssas məqamı gözləyir. Əgər bu tanışlıq biraz erkən və ya gecikmiş olarsa, o zaman əsərin bədii gözəlliyinə xələl gəlmiş olar. Bütün bunlardan aydın olduğu kimi daxili monoloqların verilməsi bütöv əsərin sujet xəttinin qurulmasından daha önəmlidir. Çünki daxili monoloqlar zamanı oxucu personajın daxilən rəzil, xəbis, paxıl və bu kimi xoşagəlməz insani keyfiyyətlər bildirən formalarda olduğuna şahid olsa, personaj heç vaxt oxucunun qəhrəmanına çevrilə bilməz. Bu səbəbdən müəllif daxili monoloqların qurulması zamanı bir neçə bədii prinsipləri əlində rəhbər tutur. Bura daxili monoloqlarda personajın fikrinin aydınlığı, dəqiqliyi, lakonikliyi və ən əsası müvafiq leksik vahidlərdən istifadə daxildir.
THE PANDEMIC TREATY: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL LAW
Authors:   Institute of Law and Human Rights Doctor of Philosophy in Law, Yagubali Mammadova Vafa
Published: September 2022

Açar sözlər: müqavilə, pandemiya, beynəlxalq hüquq, tibbi hüquq, insan hüquqları Keywords: treaty, pandemic, international law, medical law, human rights The need to unify the efforts of various countries of the world in the context of the fight against the spread of medical threats on a global scale was clearly studied against the background of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Although the issues of medical law have been discussed at the international level for many years, the urgency of the problem has become more obvious today. International law in the field of medicine is fragmented by various treaties, conventions, declarations and other documents of a mandatory and non-binding nature. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), adopted within the framework of WHO in 2003, became the first international treaty. Another legal instrument of a binding nature is the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted by WHO in 2005. However, as it became clear against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mentioned documents have narrow focus.
Algorithm for evaluating the directional characteristics of an antenna array with electric scanning in the observation coordinate system
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Sidorov Kirill M. , Ospanbekov Baurzhan K. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Grishchenko Aleksandr G. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Stroganov Vladimir I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Yutt Vladimir E. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: September 2022

Improving the fuel, economic and environmental indicators of the process of generating electrical energy is an urgent problem of small-scale power generation, due to a significant share of traditional solutions based on diesel generator sets, which are not highly efficient in the overall structure of primary fuel use (including the stages of production, transportation and final transformation). At the same time, the modern development of technologies in the field of promising energy sources and power electronics contributes to the sustainable diversification of energy resources, strengthening the position of environmentally friendly renewable energy. However, the use of alternative types of fuels for variable speed engine generators, photovoltaic and wind power plants is associated with the need to use additional devices for converting electrical energy – stabilizing voltage converters. This article is devoted to issues related to the design of autonomous power systems based on these voltage converters using mathematical modeling tools. The paper describes a complex mathematical model of an autonomous power plant with a variable speed motor-generator and an electric energy storage device, presents a mathematical description of the main components of such a system, and also provides examples of the model implementation in a specialized software environment. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is an approach to modeling the operating modes of an engine-generator set, which is a synthesis of multi-parameter characteristics of an internal combustion engine, analytical expressions for energy storage and conversion systems. The presented complex model makes it possible to determine the electrical, energy and environmental indicators of autonomous power plants when the power of the electrical load changes. The article provides an example of the nature of the results obtained in computer modeling.
Analysis of modern standard application methods of software-defined network in 5G/IMT-2020
Authors:   ITMO University, Daneshmand Behrooz
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the application of SDN technology in 5G / IMT-2020 networks, namely, answers to the questions: What is SDN technology used for in 5G / IMT-2020 networks; How is SDN technology used in 5G / IMT-2020 networks; What is the role of SDN technology in 5G / IMT-2020 networks; What are the functions of SDN technology in 5G / IMT-2020 networks etc. But before that, it describes what SDN is and what 5G / IMT-2020 is. The paper describes and analyzes the methods of using SDN technology in fifth generation networks in terms of the function and role that SDN plays in these networks. Usually in the literature, this information exists in a scattered form, and sometimes some methods of application are either very superficially described, or not described at all, or they are tied to other methods. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze well-established methods of using SDN in 5G / IMT-2020 networks. To identify SDN applications in 5G / IMT-2020 networks, SDN architecture, SDN benefits, overall 5G / IMT-2020 network architecture, 5G / IMT-2020 standards and requirements, network protocols were studied and analyzed 5G / IMT-2020, some existing and future likely 5G / IMT-2020 network services, general concepts of some future networks such as tactile internet, internet skills, model networks, etc. The paper provides a radial diagram of the ways (options) of using SDN in 5G / IMT-2020 and describes each option.
Approach and model for determining the coordinates of sea vessels based on AIS data
Authors:   South-West State University, Dobritsa Vyacheslav P. , Zarubin Denis M. ,   South-West State University, Zarubina Natalia K. ,   South-West State University, Shilenkov Egor A. ,   South-West State University, Dobroserdov Dmitry G. ,   South-West State University
Published: September 2022

Ensuring the safety of vessel traffic is of high priority for the development of maritime transport. One of the key elements of the maritime security system is the navigation system, which provides real-time information about the location of vessels, their loading status, speed and the risk of collisions with other vessels. A promising platform for creating such a navigation system is the automatic identification system (AIS). However, to turn the AIS into a reliable navigation system, it is necessary to solve a number of problems associated with the development of algorithms for synchronizing the AIS with the global navigation system, automatic processing of signals transmitted by the AIS and assessing the existing risks. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a model for developing an algorithm for determining the position of sea vessels based on AIS data and making decisions on the need for maneuvering in conditions of close proximity of vessels. It is shown that it is convenient to use the operator for ranking the conflicts of ships to predict and automatically warn ships about potential risks. At the same time, the data transmitted by the AIS on the sizes, mutual speed and orientation of approaching vessels, as well as the size of the ship domain, are used as the initial parameters for assessing the risks.
Algorithm for evaluating the directional characteristics of an antenna array with electric scanning in the observation coordinate system
Authors:   Mints Radio-Technical Institute, Shatskiy Nikolay V.
Published: September 2022

An algorithm is proposed for estimating the parameters of the antenna array radiation pattern with electric scanning in the observation coordinate system associated with the phasing direction of the antenna elements. It is shown that in this coordinate system, the concentration of coordinate lines near the phasing direction is maximal. This allows for a relatively small number of observation points to study in detail the parameters of the main beam and the first side lobes of the antenna array, as well as to evaluate the coefficient directivity. The simplest quadrature formula is acceptable for calculating the coefficient directivity in the selected observation coordinate system. The relations for calculating the antenna array radiation pattern taking into account the direction of the beam departures are given. It is shown that taking into account the directivity of individual elements during scanning leads to beam departures, which are convenient to track in the observation coordinate system. Procedures are proposed for estimating the beam width based on linear interpolation of sections of the radiation pattern where the level -3dB intersects. A procedure for estimating the level of side lobes is proposed, which does not include a procedure for searching the area of side lobes. The relations that establish the relationship between the observation coordinate system and the coordinate systems used in radar are given. The results of numerical studies that demonstrate the possibility of visualizing the radiation pattern and its cross-sections in the local coordinate system of the radar system, in the antenna coordinate system, and in the observation coordinate system are presented. This article is the first in a line of research in terms of determining the scientific and methodological apparatus for constructing adaptive algorithms for the diagram-forming scheme of the digital antenna array of radar stations and helps to determine the potential achievable characteristics of newly developed radar stations.
Project management of the telecom operator's network infrastructure in the external environment state transformation context
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Sorokin Alexander A. , Kvyatkovskaya Irina Yu. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University
Published: September 2022

The analysis revealed trends in the development of the telecommunications market associated with an increase in the involvement of information services in various technological processes, a continuous change in the regulatory framework that regulates the functioning of telecom operators, the complication of organizational processes and the use of a wide variety of equipment and information systems in the operation of communication networks. As a result, information uncertainty is generated among decision-makers in the process of operating and developing the network infrastructure of a telecom operator. To eliminate the uncertainty, a methodology is proposed for managing the network infrastructure of a telecom operator in the context of the transformation of the state of the external environment. Within the framework of the methodology, the management of the network infrastructure is based on the representation of each control action as a separate project, and the sequence of the provided control actions in the form of a portfolio of projects. At the stage of monitoring the state of the network, the indicators of economic efficiency and reliability of the telecommunication system and its individual elements are assessed. The parameters of the external environment that surrounds the network infrastructure are also subject to control. If the indicators deviate from the permissible values, a control cycle is launched, during which the state of the elements of the network infrastructure and sections of the coverage area is analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the network elements are grouped by types, control actions that must be provided to maintain the operational characteristics of the network infrastructure. Then the formation of projects of control actions is carried out, which are added to the portfolio of corrective actions provided. As a result, project portfolio management methods become applicable to such management influences. The application of these methods allows solving the problems of workforce management and resources management when providing control actions to network infrastructure. The use of the methodology opens up opportunities for the development of OSS / BSS systems in the field of improving the solution of the resources managing problems of a telecom operator by organizing the planning of measures to provide control actions on the network infrastructure.
Using two-dimensional fast Fourier transform for estimating spectral correlation function
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Shevgunov Timofey Ya. , Gushchina Oksana A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the algorithm for estimating spectral correlation function (SCF) of a wide-sense cyclostationary random process. SCF provides the quantitative representation of the correlation in frequency domain and relates to cyclic autocorrelation function via Fourier transform. The algorithm is based on two-dimensional Fourier transform, which is being applied to the discrete diadic correlation function weighted by a two-dimensional windowing function, chosen rectangular in the direction orthogonal to the current-time axis. This transform can be implemented by means of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, which is built-in in a variety of modern mathematical platforms. A pulse-amplitude modulated process masked by the additive stationary Gaussian noise was considered as an example of a random process exhibiting strong cyclostationarity. The numerical simulation where the estimation of spectral correlation function of such process is conducted, and it proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Resource allocation model for LTE technology with functionality of NB-IoT and reservation
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Stepanov Sergey N. , Ndayikunda Juvent ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Kanishcheva Margarita G. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: September 2022

The tremendous growth in the volume of multimedia data streams to be collected by multiple video cameras and a large number of sensors or smart meters in the Internet of Things application is one of the main challenges in the transition from 4G to true 5G network systems. The necessity of conjoint servicing of heterogeneous data over the existing infrastructure has been recognized and supported by 3GPP by introducing the standardization and formalization of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology. The NB-IoT is the most promising technology for big data collection in the IoT landscape thanks to its particular characteristics such as long-range coverage (10 km), high energy efficient consumption and low-cost radio design. The same spectrum is shared between LTE high-rate end equipment and NB-IoT low-rate end devices. However, the challenge is how to share efficiently the available radio resources between multiple complex devices with priorities of some type of data flow. The model of resource sharing for conjoint serv icing for both traffic originated by video surveillance cameras and by sensors is constructed. Access control offering priority to one type of flows is used to create the differentiated servicing of the incoming sessions. Probability values of the constructed model's stationary states are used to determine the main performance measures. The constructed mathematical model can be used to study the reservation based resource allocation and sharing scenarios between the LTE and NB-IoT traffic flow over 3GPP LTE with NB-IoT functionality.
Features of the use of computer modeling tools for improving the manufacturing processes of laser gyroscopes
Authors:   JSC ", Kuznetsov Evgeny V. ,   Research Institute",   Polyus ",   named after M. F. Stelmakh",   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Ermakov Dmitry N. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia,   JSC "Research Institute" Polyus "named after M. F. Stelmakh", Samusenko Oleg E. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Golyaev Yuri D. ,   JSC "Research Institute" Polyus "named after M. F. Stelmakh", Solovyeva Tatyana I. ,   JSC "Research Institute" Polyus "named after M. F. Stelmakh",   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kuznetsov Nikita E. ,   JSC "Research Institute" Polyus "named after M. F. Stelmakh"
Published: September 2022

The article discusses ways to improve the quality and economic efficiency of the development and production of complex innovative electronic devices, which include laser gyroscopes (LG). The problems that arise when ensuring reliable operation of the LG in a wide temperature range, associated with the dense layout of the device, are described. The theoretical principles and mathematical apparatus that are used in the construction of thermal models of triaxial LG with electronics are considered in detail. The developed algorithm for constructing a thermal model of the LG is presented, which provides for a step-by-step unbundling (zooming) procedure. The process of modeling LG using the ASONIKA system is described, the constructed thermal model of LG is presented, as well as the thermal field of one of the printed nodes of LG. The detected heat-loaded electronic components are indicated. The results of experimental verification of the simulation accuracy by means of real measurement of temperatures in the model nodes by thermal sensors are presented, which confirmed the reliability of thermal modeling using the ASONIKA system. It is emphasized that the cost of manufacturing and testing of LG is quite high. Therefore, the task of finding ways to reduce the cost at the stages of development and production of LG while ensuring the improvement of the quality and reliability of manufactured devices is extremely relevant. Accurate thermal modeling at the early stages of development is an effective way to solve this problem due to cost savings on testing and redesign, as well as due to the use of an inexpensive domestic computer modeling system ASONIKA.
Risk factors analysis of distraction actions from driving
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Karelina Maria Yu. , Pospelov Pavel I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Tatashev Alexander G. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Terentyev Alexey V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Trofimenko Yuri V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Yashina Marina V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University
Published: September 2022

The issues related to the study of risk factors that are associated with the commission of non-driving actions by drivers, which are factors that increase the likelihood of a road traffic accident, are considered. Studies on the frequency of activities secondary to driving, associated risks and factors influencing the frequency of different types of such activities have been carried out in various countries. One of the most common traffic violations committed by drivers is using a smartphone while driving. The studies were carried out in the following ways: by interviewing, by observing the driver with a video camera installed inside the vehicle he is driving, and by observing passing vehicles from the outside. In this paper, we propose an approach using the methods of mathematical statistics to assess the correlation between side effects that distract from driving and factors that affect the frequency of such actions.
Metric characteristics of anomalous traffic detection in internet of things
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Tatarnikova Tatyana M. , Bogdanov Pavel Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: September 2022

The urgent problem of timely detection of abnormal traffic in the Internet of Things networks, which wastes the energy of sensor devices, is discussed. Anomalous traffic means traffic that contains malicious software that implements an attacking effect on the nodes of the Internet of Things. Timely detection of abnormal traffic contributes to the preservation of the service life and, accordingly, the performance of the services provided by the Internet of Things. The subject of this research is the application of metric characteristics to detect abnormal traffic in the Internet of Things networks. The aim of the work is to propose a system of metrics that allow registering signatures of individual sensor devices or patterns of their behavior and assessing the mode of operation of individual network segments. Since the Internet of Things is built on a hierarchical basis - from a wireless sensor network to a global network, the attack detection system covers all levels - from a sensor device to a global cloud. Detection of abnormal traffic both in the wireless sensor network and at the level of wired networks - local and global - is implemented using metrics. A metric is a qualitative or quantitative indicator that reflects one or another characteristic of the functioning of an infocommunication network. Analysis of the sources showed the lack of systematization of metric characteristics for the Internet of Things networks. Research findings include: a description of the elements that make up the IoT ecosystem; layered model of the architecture of the Internet of things; an abnormal traffic detection metrics system containing a wide range of predictive, diagnostic and retrospective metrics. The proposed system of metrics can be used to build intrusion detection systems in IoT networks.
Providing ultra-reliability and low latency of 5G NR traffic
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Duplishcheva Natalia V. , Rogozhnikov Eugeny V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Dmitriyev Edgar M. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Novichkov Serafim A. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Lakontsev Dmitry V. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Ageev Evgeny Y. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: September 2022

The pace of development of telecommunication technologies is increasing every year. More and more devices are using wireless technologies for transmitting information. This increases the pressure on the network, which leads to an increase in the delay in the transmission of data and a decrease in the speed of transmission of information. The development of telecommunications technologies has also affected Internet traffic, as well as the development of the automated industrial production sector (communication with industrial robots, i.e., digitization of production and development of smart factories), the health sector (remote health care), the transport industry (intelligent transport systems, high-speed trains) and the energy sector (intelligent networks). Together, this increases the re-quirements for speed, low delay and reliability of transmission. The evolution of data transmission systems from 4G to 5G is designed to meet the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. However, one of the current challenges in research on fifth generation networks is the high cost of equipment needed to research new protocols, fine-tune algorithms, optimize network architecture, and organize network topologies. The application of new network solutions is the main obstacle in the study of the radio channel for most lab oratories and research centers. In this regard, the transition from field experiments, which require large economic costs and time resources, to simulation modeling using the NS-3 network simulator is a cost-effective solution in the study of 5G networks. This article presents the features of traffic and the results of modeling the data transmission of ultra-reliable low latency traffic in 5G networks (URLLC) using the NS-3 network simulator.
Code domain NOMA in 3GPP specifications: 5G or 6G?
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Bakulin Mikhail G. , Ben Rejeb Taoufik Ben Camille ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Kreyndelin Vitaly B. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Pankratov Denis Y. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Smirnov Alexey E. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes with code division within 3GPP standardization. Various companies have proposed a great variety of NOMA schemes for 5G and 6G systems. The scope and main advantages of NOMA technology are briefly illustrated. The most popular varieties of code domain NOMA and their features are considered, their structure, prospects and implementation problems are analyzed.
About modeling of dry friction between a wheel and a road surface
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Karelina Maria Yu. , Trofimenko Yuri V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Rosenblat Gregory M. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Yashina Marina V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Yashin Vladimir B. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University
Published: September 2022

The friction between the wheel and the road, its measurement and the relationship with the risks of road accidents are important issues. Thousands of road engineers around the world are doing this. In many countries, there are certain thresholds for road adhesion that determine the least acceptable road friction. If the friction level is below this value, the risk of accidents may increase. These thresholds are the result of a study of the relationship between the speed of the center of the wheel and its angular velocity. The purpose of the work is to investigate the methods used for measuring dry friction and the quantitative relationships between the coefficients of friction with the road, the risk of accidents and the theoretical approach to their estimates. The connection of friction between the roadbed and the wheel of the car with the risk is obvious. If the road is very slippery, then the risk of skidding increases significantly, but the exact determination of the thresh old values of the coefficient of friction, which should set the parameters of the road surface, is not an easy task. This problem can be divided into two parts – methods of measuring friction and the relationship between friction and the risk of an accident.
Regenerative system in passive radiosensory technical diagnostics of electronic devices
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Boikov Konstantin A.
Published: September 2022

This work is devoted to the problem of processing signal radio profiles with a duration of less than 1 ns. These radio profiles are obtained by registering the electrical component of the near field of electromagnetic radiation induced by the electronic unit of the device using the method of passive radio engineering diagnostics. The reasons for the occurrence of significant errors in the processing of signal radio profiles by modern methods of direct analog-to-digital conversion and parallel conversion of real time are shown, associated with a decrease in the number of effective bits, an increase in sampling irregularity and signal rise time. A method is proposed for reducing the arising errors by switching to the method of stroboscopic scale-to-time transformation using multiple repro duction (regeneration) of a complex signal section by means of the previously presented regenerative system. Numerical modeling of the functioning of the regeneration system together with a stroboscopic time-scale converter was carried out in the study of the area of interest in the signal radio profile in the Simulink environment of the MatLab package. Using the correlation analysis of the reconstructed and the original signal radio profile, the validity of the use of the regenerative system in the processing and recovery of signal radio profiles of subnanosecond duration is shown. An experiment was prepared and carried out using modern high-speed equipment: a real-time oscilloscope and a stroboscopic oscilloscope with a subpicosecond sampling to study the correctness of the applicability of the regeneration method when combining the scale-time transformation and real-time transformation. The result of the stroboscopic scale-to-time transformation in the equivalent time mode with the transfer of the section to the general signal reconstructed in real time is presented. It is concluded that the accuracy of processing the original signal is increased by means of regeneration followed by restoration by methods of stroboscopic scale-time transformation, which allows further analysis of the signal radio profile with the smallest errors. Also, the regeneration system together with the strobe-frame-sampler can be used as a hardware method for conducting passive radiosensor technical diagnostics.
Modeling the movement of vehicles based on a macroscopic fundamental diagram of the traffic flow
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Haiyan Jiang
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the possibilities of traffic modeling for predicting changes in vehicle accumulation and analyzing the state of traffic flow based on a macroscopic fundamental diagram at the network level. The macroscopic fundamental diagram of the traffic flow is one of the most effective and active methods for predicting the conditions of the functioning of the road network in cities. For the reliability of the study, the transport data of intelligent video surveillance on the street and road network of the central part of the city were used. Jinan (China). Based on the obtained diagrams, a piecewise two-zone system is constructed that can represent all possible states of the traffic flow. The dynamics of the dependence of the transport system between incoming and outgoing flows is shown in the frame of a piecewise two-zone system. For a specific analysis of the state of the traffic flow, modeling was carried out using the MATLAB 2019a mathematical modeling complex. As a result of traffic modeling, specific analytical equations of the system dynamics are obtained and patterns of changes in the accumulation of cars in the considered zones are presented. According to the trend of calculated car accumulation curves, a proposal has been made to design a traffic management strategy in different states of the traffic flow: for those states that are within the limit of collecting attractive curves, it is possible to apply weakened control - for those states that tend to the congestion point in the diagram, it is necessary to apply strict traffic flow control.
Analysis of current video databases for quality assessment
Authors:   The University of Waikato, Mozhaeva Anastasia ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Vashenko Elizaveta ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Selivanov Vladimir ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Potashnikov Alexei ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Vlasuyk Igor ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Streeter Lee ,   The University of Waikato
Published: September 2022

The popularity of video streaming has grown significantly over the past few years. Video quality prediction metrics can be used to perform extensive video codec analysis and customize high-quality assurance. Video databases with subjective ratings form an important basis for training video quality metrics, and codecs based on machine learning algorithms. More than three dozen subjective video databases are now available. In this article, modern video databases are presented, analyzed current database and findings methods for improving. For analysis, performance criteria are proposed based on subjective assessments when creating a database of video sequences. At this stage of development, subjective assessments are the most difficult part of creating a database of video sequences, since these assessments are expensive and time-consuming. In addition, subjective experimentation is further complicated by many factors, including viewing distance, a display device, lighting conditions, vision, and mood of the subjects. This information will allow researchers to have a more detailed understanding of the video databases, a new method for collecting subjective data, and can also help in planning future experiments.
Parallel system information model diagnostics and forecasting of technical condition of aircraft
Authors:   Southwest State University, Koptev Dmitry S. , Mukhin Ivan E. ,   Southwest State University
Published: September 2022

To date, there is a contradiction between the ever-growing need to increase the degree of functional saturation of diagnostic tools and forecasting the current state of aircraft and the limited technical capabilities of diagnostic tools. The noted contradiction is constantly aggravated due to the ever-increasing complexity of aircraft and means of their automation, which requires a corresponding increase in the functionality of the means of monitoring the technical condition. All this leads to an unjustified increase in the weight and size indicators of diagnostic tools, which significantly affects the technical and economic indicators during the operation of aircraft. This article proposes an information model for a parallel system for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of aircraft using the example of helicopters, characterizes the groups of sensors included in the system, and outlines the principles for solving problems of diagnosing and predicting the failure state of an aviation complex. A procedure is proposed for accumulating flight data on the parameters of critical components and assemblies on board a helicopter and a method of express analysis, which consists in monitoring in real time the trend of parameters and the rate of change of this trend to limit values. It has been proven that provision should be made for the issuance of emergency visual and audible indication to the helicopter crew about an emergency situation.
Correlation reception of frequency-shift keyed signals in the mode with frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Gordienko Dmitry Yu. , Dvornikov Sergey V. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: September 2022

Proposals are presented on the use of signals generated on the basis of the three-element Barker sequence for the mode of frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). The conditions for the application of the frequency hopping mode are considered. An algorithm for synthesizing signals with a simultaneous change in their frequency and phase structure has been developed. An analysis of the properties of the developed signals was carried out. The positive and negative aspects of the implementation of the developed approach are shown. Proposals for their practical application are formulated. The frequency-hopping spread spectrum is actively used in many telecommunication standards and technologies in order to increase the noise immunity of transmissions in a multipath channel. As a result, due to the short stay of the signal at the carrier frequency, the probability of long-term operation in a channel with deep fading is reduced. Since the structure of the signal and frequency-hopping spread spectrum parameters are determined by known protocols and standards, this makes it possible to evaluate its capabilities in practical applications. In order to reduce the negative consequences caused by the considered collisions, it is proposed to generate signals for the slow frequency-hopping spread spectrum based on the three-element Barker sequence. Features of the implementation of this approach are considered in this article.
Algorithm for recognition of small sized aerial objects based on analysis of spectrums obtained by radar.
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Petrov Ivan D. , Shkodyrev Viacheslav P. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Sentsov Anton A. ,   St.-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Ivanov Sergey A. ,   St.-Petersburg State University of Economics,   JSC "CSPA "Leninetz"
Published: September 2022

During the current time the permanent growth in the use of various unmanned aerial vehicles generates a whole set of tasks to be solved for the detection of flying aerial objects. One of such tasks can be described as a recognition of objects moving in the airspace, which includes unmanned vehicles and ornithological objects usually observed by a radar. The purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm capable of recognition of the small-sized aerial objects monitored by radar with a probability no less than 85%. Trajectory and signal components specific to the considered classes of small-sized aerial objects should act as features for recognition. The effectiveness of the application of trajectory features is not sufficient enough for recognition due to the similarity of the movement and maneuver of the considered objects. Signal features representations are spectral images received by radar. To obtain spectral images various transformations of the signals are conducted. The algorithm incapsulates the transformation of the received signal, obtaining a spectral image and automatic object recognition using artificial intelligence. The results of this algorithm make it possible to develop specialized software for the aerial object recognition for future radar systems for surveillance of airports and important infrastructure.
Systematization of radio-electronic control complexes on resistance to destabilizing factors on the basis of a neural network model
Authors:   Southwestern State University, Shevtsov Alexey N.
Published: September 2022

The expansion of the sphere of influence of commercial activities and the prospects for the development of "transatlantic" alliances, in such key market segments as the business of extracted hydrocarbons, objectively determines the growing role of electronic means complexes for solving a huge range of tele-communication tasks. An example is the tasks associated with the need for remote control of oil and gas industry equipment both domestically and abroad. These tasks are aimed at solving the problem of reliable operation of the equipment used: radio communications, control and measuring and control and diagnostic equipment, individual signaling devices (electronic rescue beacon), security and operational damage detection, etc. The entire arsenal of operated electronic means must be ready to solve problems for their intended purpose in any region of the Russian Federation (RF) or abroad. This article discusses the issue of increasing the resistance to external destabilizing factors of electronic control systems for technical means by targeted delivery to the climatic regions of the Russian Federation.