bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Quiet Solar Luminosity Variability from TSI Satellite Measurements and Proxy Models during 1980–2018
Authors: Scafetta Nicola , Willson Richard , Lee Jae , Wu Dong
Published: November 2019

A continuous record of direct total solar irradiance (TSI) observations began with a series of satellite experiments in 1978. This record requires comparisons of overlapping satellite observations with adequate relative precisions to provide useful long term TSI trend information. Herein we briefly review the active cavity radiometer irradiance monitor physikalisch-meteorologisches observatorium davos (ACRIM-PMOD) TSI composite controversy regarding how the total solar irradiance (TSI) has evolved since 1978 and about whether TSI significantly increased or slightly decreased from 1980 to 2000. The main question is whether TSI increased or decreased during the so-called ACRIM-gap period from 1989 to 1992. There is significant discrepancy between TSI proxy models and observations before and after the gap, which requires a careful revisit of the data analysis and modeling performed during the ACRIM-gap period. In this study, we use three recently proposed TSI proxy models that do not present any TSI increase during the ACRIM-gap, and show that they agree with the TSI data only from 1996 to 2016. However, these same models significantly diverge from the observations from 1981 and 1996. Thus, the scaling errors must be different between the two periods, which suggests errors in these models. By adjusting the TSI proxy models to agree with the data patterns before and after the ACRIM-gap, we found that these models miss a slowly varying TSI component. The adjusted models suggest that the quiet solar luminosity increased from the 1986 to the 1996 TSI minimum by about 0.45 W/m2 reaching a peak near 2000 and decreased by about 0.15 W/m2 from the 1996 to the 2008 TSI cycle minimum. This pattern is found to be compatible with the ACRIM TSI composite and confirms the ACRIM TSI increasing trend from 1980 to 2000, followed by a long-term decreasing trend since.
Dynamic of Regional Planning and Sustainable Development in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Liang Yutian , Zhou Zhengke , Li Xun
Published: November 2019

Since the reform and opening up, China has been embedded in global economy. As one of the fastest developing regions, the Pearl River Delta in South China has rapidly developed from an agriculture-based region to a world factory and is subsequently becoming a global innovation center. In the process of rapid development of globalization, marketization and decentralization, how the planning theory and planning concept are applied in this region? And how does the planning adapt to the needs of development to do the space regulation? This paper combs the previous regional plannings of the Pearl River Delta, analyzing how to effectively guide and reshape the sustainable development space under the background of land and space disorder. Four key conclusions emerge from this review. First, the concept of planning has been developing from incremental planning to stock planning. Second, there is a transformation of planning contents that is from building of an economy-oriented production space like industry park planning, to improving quality of the living space and providing environment-friendly ecological space such as greenway planning and quality living circle planning. Third, the upgrading of planning technological means is reflected in the change from expression of concept articles to visualization of big data. Fourth, it shows an obvious change from rigid governance to flexible and multi-scale governance.
Exploring the Drivers of Irrigator Mental Health in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Daghagh Yazd Sahar , Wheeler Sarah Ann , Zuo Alec
Published: November 2019

There has been little work conducted on how landholders’ farm management approaches and financial capital (specifically (i) farm method such as organic farming and (ii) financial profitability) may impact mental health. In particular, there is emerging evidence that an increase in natural farm capital and environmental conditions may improve farmers’ wellbeing. We used a 2015–2016 survey, which randomly sampled 1000 irrigators from the southern Murray–Darling Basin, to model the drivers of irrigators’ psychological distress. Results highlight that worsening financial capital (namely, lower farmland value, higher farm debt, lower percentage of off-farm income, lower productivity change over the past five years, and lower net farm income) was the most statistically significant factor associated with increased irrigator distress. In addition, there was some evidence that being a certified organic irrigator was also associated with lower psychological distress; however, it was only weakly significant in our overall model, with the most significance within the horticultural industry model. Contrary to expectations, drought and water scarcity were not the main drivers of psychological distress in the time-period studied, with their influence seemingly through reducing financial capital as a whole.
Evaluating and Prioritizing the Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Pakistan: Based on Delphi and Fuzzy AHP Approach
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Xu Li , Muhammad Shaikh Ghulam
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, green supply chain management (SCM) practices are increasing among firms to adopt green practices and reduce the negative effects of supply chain operations on the environment. Firms such as manufacturing, mining, and agriculture have to improve their capacity in green SCM practices because environmental regulations force them to consider these issues. However, green practices are new and require comprehensive study to determine this problem. This study has taken the case of three garment manufacturing firms for the evaluation of green SCM practices in the context of Pakistan. The green SCM requires multi-dimensional techniques; therefore, fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision analysis approaches must be adopted while assessing green SCM practices of firms. This is because fuzzy-based methods obtain a significant solution for complex, vague, and uncertain multi-attribute problems in fuzzy environment. Therefore, in this study, a hybrid decision model comprised of Delphi, and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies is proposed for assessing the green SCM practices of firms in terms of green design, green purchasing, green production, green warehousing, green logistics, and reverse logistics. The Fuzzy AHP method results reveal that “green purchasing,” “green design,” and “green production” are ranked the most important green indicators. Further, results reveal the ranking of manufacturing firms (alternatives) in the context of green SCM practices. This study shall help industries to focus on green SCM practices and adopt the green manufacturing process.
KPI-TSAD: A Time-Series Anomaly Detector for KPI Monitoring in Cloud Applications
Authors: Qiu Juan , Du Qingfeng , Qian Chongshu
Published: November 2019

Accurately detecting anomalies and timely interventions are critical for cloud application maintenance. Traditional methods for performance anomaly detection based on thresholds and rules work well for simple key performance indicator (KPI) monitoring. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find the appropriate threshold levels when there are significant differences between KPI values at different times during the day or when there are significant fluctuations stemming from different usage patterns. Therefore, anomaly detection presents a challenge for all types of temporal data, particularly when non-stationary time series have special adaptability requirements or when the nature of potential anomalies is vaguely defined or unknown. To address this limitation, we propose a novel anomaly detector (called KPI-TSAD) for time-series KPIs based on supervised deep-learning models with convolution and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, and a variational auto-encoder (VAE) oversampling model was used to address the imbalanced classification problem. Compared with other related research on Yahoo’s anomaly detection benchmark datasets, KPI-TSAD exhibited better performance, with both its accuracy and F-score exceeding 0.90 on the A1benchmark and A2Benchmark datasets. Finally, KPI-TSAD continued to perform well on several KPI monitoring datasets from real production environments, with the average F-score exceeding 0.72.
Effects of Nanoparticle Enhanced Lubricant Films in Thermal Design of Plain Journal Bearings at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub , Alamian Rezvan , Yan Wei-Mon , Li Larry K. B. , Leveneur Sébastien , Safdari Shadloo Mostafa
Published: November 2019

Performance investigation of oil journal bearings is of particular importance given the growing use of them as a support for rotary components in a wide range of industrial machines. Frictional forces and shear stresses, which are proportionate to the velocity of lubricating layers at different points in the bearing space, provide the basis for changing temperature conditions. Various factors such as rotational velocity increase, slip width reduction, and small heat transfer coefficient of lubricant cause intensification of lubricant temperature changes. In the present study, with using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) thermohydrodynamic (THD) numerical simulations, the effect of nanoparticles on the performance features of plain journal bearings is evaluated. Particularly, 3D simulation of a journal bearing is implemented using CFD which considerably improves the accuracy of results, coupled with conjugate heat transfer model for metal parts of bearings. Reynolds equation model is used to calculate the oil-film pressure developed in hydrodynamic journal bearings by applying the nano-based lubricants. The configuration of thrust bearing consists of six pads in this study. In order to reduce the modeling complexity and computational cost and because of the symmetrical geometry of the pads, simulation of a single pad is considered instead of the entire domain. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle with different volume fraction percentages are used. The parameters that are changed to evaluate the performance of the bearing include volume fraction percentage of the nanoparticle, type of lubricant, and rotational speed. Based on the results, for all different lubricant types, the dissipation power, average shear stress, and temperature rise are increased with augmenting the rotational speed. By increasing the rotational speed from 500 to 1500 rpm, the average shear stress increases by more than 100%, 120%, and 130% for DTE 26, DTE 25, and DTE 24 lubricant types, respectively. Moreover, by increasing the rotational speed from 500 to 1500 rpm, the dissipation power, and temperature rise are increased around 600% and 800%, respectively. Furthermore, increasing nanoparticles volume fraction from 0% to 10%, increases all parameters by approximately 10% for all lubricant types and in all rotational speeds.
Hadrurid Scorpion Toxins: Evolutionary Conservation and Selective Pressures
Authors: Santibáñez-López Carlos E. , Graham Matthew R. , Sharma Prashant P. , Ortiz Ernesto , Possani Lourival D.
Published: November 2019

Scorpion toxins are thought to have originated from ancestral housekeeping genes that underwent diversification and neofunctionalization, as a result of positive selection. Our understanding of the evolutionary origin of these peptides is hindered by the patchiness of existing taxonomic sampling. While recent studies have shown phylogenetic inertia in some scorpion toxins at higher systematic levels, evolutionary dynamics of toxins among closely related taxa remain unexplored. In this study, we used new and previously published transcriptomic resources to assess evolutionary relationships of closely related scorpions from the family Hadruridae and their toxins. In addition, we surveyed the incidence of scorpine-like peptides (SLP, a type of potassium channel toxin), which were previously known from 21 scorpion species. We demonstrate that scorpine-like peptides exhibit gene duplications. Our molecular analyses demonstrate that only eight sites of two SLP copies found in scorpions are evolving under positive selection, with more sites evolving under negative selection, in contrast to previous findings. These results show evolutionary conservation in toxin diversity at shallow taxonomic scale.
What Proportion of New Tuberculosis Patients Has a History of Household Tuberculosis Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study from Udupi District, South India
Authors: Sanju SV Chidananda , Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy Nikhil , Nair Divya , Hari Ankolekar Vrinda , MV Kumar Ajay
Published: November 2019

While tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy among household contacts is effective at an individual level, its population-level impact on reducing TB incidence has been unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess, among the new tuberculosis patients started on treatment between 1 October, 2018 and 30 June, 2019 in the public health facilities of Udupi district (South India): i) the proportion with a ‘history of household TB exposure’ and ii) sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with it. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving record review and patient interviews. Of 565 TB patients, 273(48%) were interviewed. Of them, 71(26%, 95% CI: 21%–32%) patients had a ‘history of household TB exposure (ever)’ with about half exposed in the past five years of diagnosis. Considering a new TB case as a proxy for incident TB, and ‘history of household TB exposure’ a proxy for household transmission, and assuming 100% effectiveness of preventive therapy, we may infer that a maximum of 26% of the incident cases can be prevented by giving preventive therapy to all household contacts of TB patients. In multivariable analysis, females and tobacco users had a significantly higher prevalence of household TB exposure. If there are resource constraints, these subgroups may be prioritized.
Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis through TOUCH Agents in Selected High TB Burden Wards of Kolkata, India: A Mixed Methods Study on Outcomes and Implementation Challenges
Authors: Dey Abhijit , Thekkur Pruthu , Ghosh Ayan , Dasgupta Tanusree , Bandopadhyay Soumyajyoti , Lahiri Arista , Sanju S V Chidananda , Dinda Milan K. , Sharma Vivek , Dimari Namita , Chatterjee Dibyendu , Roy Isita , Choudhury Anuradha , Shanmugam Parthiban , Saha Brojo Kishore , Ghosh Sanghamitra , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina
Published: November 2019

Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) was implemented in 60 selected high TB burden wards of Kolkata, India. Community volunteers called TOUCH (Targeted Outreach for Upliftment of Community Health) agents (TAs) identified and referred presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) to health facilities for TB diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to describe the “care cascade” of PTBPs that were identified during July to December 2018 and to explore the reasons for attrition as perceived by TAs and PTBPs. An explanatory mixed-methods study with a quantitative phase of cohort study using routinely collected data followed by descriptive qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted. Of the 3,86242 individuals that were enumerated, 1132 (0.3%) PTBPs were identified. Only 713 (63.0%) PTBPs visited a referred facility for TB diagnosis. TB was diagnosed in 177 (24.8%). The number needed to screen for one TB patient was 2183 individuals. The potential reasons for low yield were stigma and apprehension about TB, distrust about TA, wage losses for attending health facilities, and substance abuse among PTBPs. The yield of ACF was suboptimal with low PTBP identification rate and a high attrition rate. Interviewing each individual for symptoms of TB and supporting PTBPs for diagnosis through sputum collection and transport can be adopted to improve the yield.
Hydrochemical Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and Solute Sources of Streamflow and Groundwater in the Hei River Catchment, China
Authors: Kou Yongchao , Li Zhou , Hua Kun , Li Zhi
Published: November 2019

Water scarcity in arid regions is exacerbated by water quality degradation from anthropogenic contamination. In water-scarce regions, it is crucial to identify hydrochemical characteristics and pollution sources for effective water resource management. In this study, the Hei River—located in the Loess Plateau of China, which is an arid region with substantial anthropogenic-induced environmental changes—was selected as the study area to investigate these issues. The major ions of 242 streamflow and groundwater samples were measured during the 2014 and 2015 dry and flood seasons. Using a Piper diagram, a fuzzy membership function, a Gibbs diagram, and a forward model, the hydrochemical facies and water quality of streamflow and groundwater were investigated, and the main river solute sources and relative contributions were determined using quantitative and qualitative methods. The total dissolved solids were 279.6 ± 127.8 mg·L−1 for streamflow and 354.0 ± 157.4 mg·L−1 for groundwater, indicating low salinity water. However, the hydrochemical characteristics varied with season and location. Qualitatively, the atmospheric inputs, human activities, and rock weathering all contributed solutes to the waters but with varying contributions. The following are the mean contributions of analyzed solute source: silicate weathering (45.1 ± 1.1%) > carbonate weathering (34.1 ± 1.6%) > evaporite dissolution (13.7 ± 2.4%) > atmospheric input (5.4 ± 0.1%) > anthropogenic input (1.7 ± 0.1%). In general, water quality was satisfactory, as the majority of samples conformed to drinking water standards. The samples had good water quality because the river solutes were not heavily affected by anthropogenic activities and were primarily controlled by rock weathering. However, localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Such locations should be prioritized for pollution control and water resource management.
ALUNOS COM NECESSIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIAIS: O OLHAR DA AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA DE ESCOLAS
Authors: Batista de Oliveira Raquel , Rebelo Maria Piedade Vaz , Bidarra Maria da Graça Amaro
Published: November 2019

Este artigo insere-se na temática da educação inclusiva de alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE) em turmas regulares do ensino público em Portugal, tendo como base a atual legislação sobre a inclusão de alunos com NEE, mais concretamente o Decreto 3/2008 e o quadro de referência da Avaliação Externa das Escolas (AEE) levada a cabo pela IGEC, procura-se conhecer as práticas de diferenciação e apoios que se desenrolam nas escolas. Dado que estas práticas não são objeto de classificação no âmbito do segundo ciclo avaliativo que se iniciou em 2011/2012, interessa proceder ao seu mapeamento nos campos de análise que integram a Prestação do Serviço Educativo, bem como nos Pontos fortes e Áreas de melhoria das escolas. Para efeito, recorre-se à análise de conteúdo dos relatórios da Zona Centro de Portugal Continental, tomando como corpus o domínio Prestação do Serviço Educativo e as asserções relativas aos Pontos fortes e Áreas de melhoria. Os resultados evidenciam que as práticas de diferenciação e apoios são mais frequentes nos Pontos fortes do que nas Áreas de melhoria das escolas, e que são mais referidas nas Práticas de ensino comparativamente ao Planeamento e articulação e Monitorização e avaliação das aprendizagens.
REPERCUSSÕES EMOCIONAIS DO CYBERBULLYING: UM ESTUDO DE AUTORRELATOS
Authors: Pessoa Joana Trigo , Ferreira Lara , Raminhas Marta , Francisco Miguel , Ferreira Paula da Costa , De Souza Sidclay Bezerra
Published: November 2019

Com o aparecimento das novas tecnologias, também novas formas de bullying foram surgindo, nomeadamente o cyberbullying. Atualmente, já são muitos os estudos sobre esta recente forma de agressão. No entanto, ainda não são suficientes para abranger todas as suas vertentes. Assim sendo, este estudo pretende focar-se nas repercussões emocionais do cyberbullying, mais especificamente nas emoções negativas provenientes da vitimização do mesmo. Nesta investigação qualitativa foram utilizados autorrelatos de vítimas de cyberbullying, dos quais foi retirada informação sobre as emoções reportadas pelas vítimas, de modo a cruzar essa informação com outra investigação na área. A amostra utilizada foi de 15 participantes, sendo a sua maioria pré-adolescentes e adolescentes. Os resultados mostraram que, em grande parte dos casos, é possível encontrarem-se várias emoções interligadas. Concluiu-se, também, que as duas emoções mais reportadas pelas vítimas são a tristeza e o medo. Este estudo traz uma melhor compreensão das consequências emocionais negativas provocadas pelo Cyberbullying, pois expande o espectro das repercussões emocionais nas vítimas.
OFICINA DE ESCRITA CRIATIVA
Authors: Couto João Luiz Peçanha
Published: November 2019

O universo ficcional não é uma espécie de Olimpo, no qual o acesso seja liberado apenas a pessoas especiais. Apropriar-se da língua e de suas variantes de uso, além de constituir-se em exercício de cidadania, significa utilizá-la com propriedade na comunicação oral (fala) e escrita (criação e leitura de textos). Este artigo pretende divulgar exercícios que proponham produções de textos de ficção em prosa, tendo-se sempre em mente que em geral um bom leitor é um pré-requisito importante para um bom escritor, na maioria das vezes.
Estrutura SIG no ensino e pesquisa em história
Authors: Barleta Leonardo
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo discute formas de integrar tecnologias geo-espaciais ao estudo e ensino de história a partir da ideia de estrutura para implementação de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG). Por estrutura SIG, entende-se o conjunto de recursos para o desenvolvimento de projetos de cunho geo-histórico, incluindo equipamentos, aplicativos e estrutura organizacional de grupos de trabalho. O texto avalia, a partir de experiências concretas, casos de uso de projetos SIG em sala de aula, em pesquisas individuais e na constituição de grupos de trabalho colaborativos, assim como revisa algumas das tendências tecnológicas que podem influenciar o trabalho de pesquisadores e professores interessados na área.
Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica como Curso de Extensão para Historiadores
Authors: Villa Carlos E V
Published: November 2019

Este texto apresenta o percurso que levou de oferecer uma disciplina optativa sobre Sistemas de Informação Geográfica aplicado à pesquisa histórica a um curso de extensão sobre esse tema. Se apresentam as dificuldades enfrentadas no formato de disciplina optativa e as vantagens do formato de curso de extensão. Também se quer insistir na importância de incorporar o espaço como um elemento de explicação dos processos históricos e como, para lograr essa incorporação, os cursos de extensão podem ser uma ferramenta para difundir o uso dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica entre os historiadores.
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica na pesquisa e no ensino de geografia histórica
Authors: Werner da Silva Marcelo
Published: November 2019

Busca-se demonstrar a trajetória de um pesquisador que valoriza as técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) aplicadas ao ensino e à pesquisa em geografia (histórica). Demonstra-se a princípio a metodologia de construção de séries de mapas geohistóricos, utilizados na representação da implantação ferroviária na antiga província de São Paulo, bem como na representação da implantação de distritos e municípios relacionados com a população encontrada em censos e levantamentos realizados no século XIX. Por fim mostra-se a trajetória do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Geografia Histórica (GEOHISTÓRICA), em pesquisas que estão sendo realizadas e em iniciativas de ensino de técnicas de SIG histórico.
Ionization and Fragmentation of a Global Warming Gas by EUV and X-Ray Photons
Authors: Morcelle Viviane , Medina Aline , Ribeiro Leonardo C. , Prazeres Ítalo , Marinho Ricardo R. T. , Arruda Manuela S. , Mendes Luis A. V. , Santos Mabele J. , Tenório Bruno N. C. , Rocha Alexandre B. , Bonfim Victor S. , Santos Antonio Carlos F.
Published: November 2019

An experimental investigation of the processes leading tothe fragmentation of the singly ionized 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, CH2FCF3) by EUV and soft X-rays is presented. HFC-134ais taken into consideration as the most convenient replacement for CFC-12 in refrigeration applications due to the fact that it has null ozone depletion factor. Dissociation of the singly ionized HFC-134amolecule was induced by valence, direct and indirect C 1s core photoionization or photoexcitation and the ionic fragments were detected in coincidence (PEPICO mode) with the ejected electrons without energy analysis. The singly ionized parent ion CF4CH2+can be detected even at photon energies above the C 1s threshold.
Formation and EPR response of europium-yttria micro rods
Authors: Dos Santos Silas Cardoso , Rodrigues Júnior Orlando , Lucente Campos Letícia
Published: November 2019

Designing new materials with suitable dose-response efficiency is a great challenge in radiation dosimetry search. Yttria (Y2O3) has excellent optical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Besides, yttria exhibits crystal characteristics that provide insertion of other rare earths, forming innovative materials. Nevertheless, there are quite few studies on formation, microstructural and EPR response evaluation of yttria. This work reports the formation and EPR characterization of europium-yttria micro rods for radiation dosimetry. Ceramic rods obtained by sintering at 1600ºC/4h in air were exposed to gamma radiation with doses from 1Gy to 150kGy. Particle, microstructural and dosimetry characterizations were performed by PCS, XRD, SEM, OM, and EPR techniques. As sintered europium-yttrium rods exhibited dense microstructure (90% theoretical density) and linear EPR dose response behavior up to 10kGy. These results show that europium-yttria is a promising material for radiation dosimetry.
Clonal selection of Corymbia for energy and charcoal production
Authors: Peres Letícia Costa , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Figueiró Clarissa Gusmão , Fialho Lucas De Freitas , Gomes Marcela Ferreira , Valente Brígida Maria Dos Reis Teixeira
Published: November 2019

The genus Corymbia appears as an option to produce best quality charcoal. The selection of genotypes through multivariate analysis can be a solution when multiple variables influence the result. The aim of this study was to characterize eight genotypes of Corymbia citriodora x Corymbia torelliana for energy and charcoal production, group and indicate the genetic materials with highest potential. The woods specific gravity, high heating value and energy density was determined. Energy density was grouped by the Scott-Knott test; group 1 was appointed for energy generation. The wood was carbonized. Charcoal yield, density, fixed carbon, friability, higher heating value, ash content, fixed carbon yield and energy density were determined. Principal component analysis was performed. Principal component 3 was chosen, as the representation of the ideal genetic material. The scores were calculated, and genetic materials III, VI and VIII are selected for charcoal production. The selection has shown to be efficient.
Euphemism as a Mechanism of the Internal Workings of the Politically Correct Language
Authors: Zanardi Reinaldo César , Silveira Marcelo
Published: November 2019

As a social phenomenon, the politically correct is very recent and operate in the perspective of defending the individual rights of marginalized segments. In this context, the object of this study refers to the politically correct language (PCL), which can be defined as the process of substitution of stigmatized variants for others that are considered positive or neutral. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present the euphemism as an internal mechanism of functioning of the PCL, justified by the need to reflect on prestige variants in three semantic fields: disability, blackness and homosexuality. The corpus covers online collection of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, an important Brazilian journal. As a result, euphemism in PCL: i) softens pejorative meanings, ii) inscribe new meanings in variants in use, iii) is also associated with technical variants in areas such as health and law, and finally iv) can also be exaggerated, contributing to other negative meanings.
Preventive Maintain of Ventilators and its Cost Consideration
Authors: Ahlawat Dr. Ravinder , Lathwal Dr. Amit , Jain Dr. Kanika , Satpathy Dr. Sidhartha
Published: November 2019

Background: Maintenance is the core function of biomedical engineering and is essential for the optimum functioning of equipment. This study was undertaken to understand the current maintenance practices of ventilator and its cost implications from administrative point of view.
Methodology: 179 Ventilators supplied and installed by one vendor in different wards of the hospital were studied. It was a retrospective, descriptive study. Equipment related data was taken from various service reports. This data was used to calculate spares failure and their costs implication.
Results: A total of 692 maintenance visits were undertaken for 179 ventilators of 5 different modals over 27 months by 6 Bio- Medical Engineers (BME). The mean number of spare changed throughout the study was 2.73. The uptime was within satisfactory limits. The yearly repair to cost ratio was 3.50 %. The cost of spare changed was a factor of modal under consideration and the status of equipment concerning its coverage under maintenance contact.
Conclusion: The findings of the study should enable researchers in the future to formulate an effective equipment maintenance policy for the hospital.
Introduction to forecasts for the "great CPC" - demand approach
Authors: Serafin Marek , Zaremba Ryszard
Published: November 2019

The creation of the „Polish Great Central Transportation Port” (CPK) is considered already justified despite the fact that no detailed traffic forecast for different scenarios of market development has been created and presented. They are to be prepared in the future. In our Report, we created traffic forecasts for the CPK based on the key market and business assumptions. The airport will focus on transit traffic carried by network carriers. The proper and attractive conditions to serve low cost and charter airlines will not be created. Almost the entire transit traffic from Polish regions will be transported by fast trains. In our versions of forecasts we show how big the differences are between the forecasts that would have to materialize so that the CPK Project may become a market and financial success and the forecasts that we consider realistic. The unique geographical location of the CPK is supposed to be its one of its key assets. We show that this assumption is very far from reality. As part of the CPK Project, an enormous investment in a fast train system which is necessary to transport passengers not only from the Warsaw agglomeration but from almost all Polish regions is very important and in our opinion is rather risky. Nowhere in the world does currently an intermodal aircraft – train traffic system exist of such size and importance. In addition, even very general financial calculations have not been made that would show that the railway part of the project could be profitable. We do not argue that in the future the building of a completely new airport would not be justified and even necessary to take over the current role of Chopin Airport. But first, an effective network of Chopin Airport and other airports - located mainly in Eastern and North-Eastern Poland and dedicated to low cost and charter airlines - should be developed and may be sufficient for many years to come. The plans for the new airport have to be based on realistic market assumptions and consideration must be given to different scenarios of the air transportation market development and of the general economic situation. This is necessary because, as learned from international experience, even if private capital is involved in financing of the investment, the private investors will not agree to take their part of the financial risks demanding hard guarantees from the Government for the volumes of the traffic to be served by the airport.

Keywords: Polish Central Transportation Port; Market analysis; Transit traffic; Demand
rmRailProtector 4.0 – the innovative Rail-Mil components based family for the ERTMS/ETCS L1 functionality
Authors: Jasiński Sławomir , Maciejewski Mariusz , Wontorski Paweł , Wychowanski Wawrzyniec
Published: November 2019

The article presents a family of innovative products rmRailProtector 4.0, which are a comprehensive solution for the ERTMS / ETCS functionality on L1 level. The presented system was developed in Poland using Polish technical thought and the potential and many years of experience of Rail-Mil in the design, production, implementation and operation of train traffic control systems. The rmRailProtector 4.0 system thanks to cooperation with the experts of KOMBUD S.A. Automation Group as a comprehensive solution, it is adapted to work with the MOR-3 – multi-computer interlocking system used to control of railway traffic. The first planned implementations of rmRailProtector 4.0 systems assume a configuration consisting of MOR-3 interlocking system and rmRailProtector 4.0 system with ERTMS / ETCS level L1 functionality. rmRailProtector 4.0 covers devices, including: Eurobalises in the fixed and programmable version, an innovative fiber interface in the LEU-Eurobalise relation, standard and centralized LEU encoders as well as programming and diagnostic tools, according to the CCS TSI requirements (Technical Specifications for Interoperability, Control-Command and Signaling). The article synthetically summarizes the basic functional, formal and legal aspects of the proposed solutions, with reference to the requirements for the interoperability of the rail system. An innovative approach to the design of the ERTMS / ETCS L1 system was presented in detail, including the wide application of fiber optics in the connection of Eurobalise with LEU and the innovative supply of Eurobalise using optical interface. The article intentionally omits the presentation of centralized LEU, including innovative LEU with an optical interface, which will be presented in subsequent publications. The approach presented above is a new quality in the area of extensive network design at large railway stations. The innovation of the presented solutions found expression in the complex to Patent Office of the Republic of Poland with the patent application identification number: P.430674. Keywords: Eurobalise; ERTMS/ETCS; fiber-optic interface
Development of Driver Analysis System to Improve Driving Comfort and to Reduce Mechanical Abrasion in Vehicles
Authors: BOGREK Ahmet , SUMBUL Harun
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is; to develop a
system that can detect road disturbances and can warn the driver. For this
purpose, a measurement method which tracking as a 3-axis of the road situation
with a semiconductor MEMS-based accelerometer has been developed to be used to
detect vehicle vibration and drive conditions which has a serious effect on the
driving quality of the road. With the developed measuring system, road wear and
tear can be successfully reported. Thanks to the
improved system, the driver can also be warned by detecting vehicle suspension
damage. In addition, a driver performance report may be drawn up under the
project that is very important for fleet and service owners (universities,
municipalities and other similar public and corporate entities). Thus, the
damage caused by the bad use of the vehicles can be reduced to the minimum; the
operating costs can be reduced.The sensor on the measurement card developed for this
purpose is placed at the lower control arm portion point of the vehicle to be
used in the test drives (Renault Thalia II/Symbol brand 2012 model). A testing road
with a length of 135 meters was constructed and test runs were carried out at
different speeds (10km/h, 20 km/h, 30 km/h, 40 km/h and 50 km/h). 7 bumps with
varying dimensions were placed on the created road route at intervals of 5
meters. The obtained data were recorded on the SD card and then analyzed in the
Matlab program by filtering it from the noise. A total of 2099 data were
analyzed. As a result, driver performances can be categorized successfully
(Normal, Medium, Bad, Very Bad, Very Very Bad) for each test drive according to
the speed and condition of the road bumps. Sound and light stimulation of the
driver when the bulge and the pit are entered in the test runs repeated in the
result of the determined threshold acceleration value after the reference
driving has also been successfully achieved.
Perbedaan Teknik Penanaman Terhadap Hasil Jumlah Koloni Bakteri Escherichia Coli Pada Suhu Inkubasi 36C
Authors: RIZKY VINCENTIA ADE
Published: November 2019

Escherichia coli bacteria are gram-negative bacteria in form of single or paired cells it is included Enterobacteriaceae family and intestinal normal flora. Laboratory tests conducted for the calculation of the number of germs can be done using cultivation techniques using a loop and micropipet. The aim of this research is to know the difference of number of bacteria bacteria on calibrated loop and micropipet to colony of Escherichia coli bacteria. This research is an analytical observation study with cross sectional design. The hypothesis was tested using independent t test with 95% confidence level. The results showed the average number colonies of Escherichia coli bacteria growing on PCA media using calibrated loop technique was 138,25 CFU/mL where as the average number of colonies of Escherichia coli bacteria grown on PCA media using micropipet technique was 104,56 CFU/mL, and significant value of p = 0,001. Furthemore, the result of data analysis showed that there were no any differences in the number of colonies of Escherichia coli bacteria in planting using calibrated loop technique and micropipet at incubation temperature of 36�C.
the analyzed waste management Kayujati market in Tembilahan Indragiri Hilir Regency in 2018.
Authors: Purba Christine Vita , Alhidayati Alhidayati
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Based on data from the Office of the Environment and cleanliness of Indragiri Hilir Regency, the amount of midden per day were approximately 57.312 tons, amount of middens per week were 401.18 tons and per month were 1719.36 ton. Kayujati market resulting waste in every day about 6000 kg/day. The research purpose was to analyzed waste management Kayujati market in Tembilahan Indragiri Hilir Regency in 2018. This research was qualitative descriptive, that was conducting observation and depth interviews. Informant in this research was 6 persons. Variables was researched among other was waste sorting, collecting and storage in source location, transportation. The results showed that there was no separation between organic and inorganic waste, waste collection was carried out by the market administrator who was conducted once a day, during the day with a fee is two thousand rupiah per kiosk, garbage transportation was carried out by janitors using brooms and scopes, even by hand, and then, it is conducted three times in a day in the morning, afternoon and evening. And total 5 person per work shift. Suggestions for market administrator to require traders to own their own trash, sorting between organic and inorganic waste so that they fulfill health requirements, and sanction the traders who dispose of their trash not in place.

Keywords : Waste Management, Market
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI PT.HILON SUMATERA
Authors: Singarimbun Aswida Novrida , Dameria Gultom Dameria Gultom
Published: November 2019

A work accident is something that is not desirable which can cause losses that harm the company and workers. Based on the results of the preliminary survey, at PT.Hilon Sumatera there were many workers who experienced work accidents such as needle punctures, pinched machines, slips due to negligence of workers, in a hurry, slippery floors, out of focus, and sleepiness. Quantitative research design withdesign Cross Sectional with the aim to determine the factors associated with the incidence of workplace accidents in production workers in PT. Hilon Sumatera with a population of 65 people. The sampling technique used is the total population, all populations are sampled. Retrieving data using a questionnaire measuring instrument. Data analysis was carried out by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis (Test Chi-Square) with a significance level of p-value = 0.05. The results showed that the workload with a p value was 0.043 <0.05, ergonomics with a p value of 0.017 <0.05, Housekeeping with a p value of 0.044 <0.05, and the availability of PPE with a p value of 0.000 <0.05 . The conclusion of this study is that workload, ergonomics, housekeeping, and the availability of personal protective equipment have a relationship with workplace accidents. It is recommended to companies to provide personal protective equipment in accordance with the needs of workers, place material for production materials in accordance with the capacity of the workspace, and improveinspection housekeeping.
HUBUNGAN PERANAN KEPEMIMPINAN DENGAN DISIPLIN KERJA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI UPT PUSKESMAS PADANG BULAN TAHUN 2019
Authors: Telaumbanua Pinta Alfiani , Ginting Rapael
Published: November 2019

Discipline is a matter that becomes a benchmark to find out whether the overall role of the leader can be carried out properly or not. Discipline must be upheld in an organization, without the support of the discipline of health workers it is difficult to realize its goals, so discipline is the key to the success of an organization in achieving its goals. This type of research uses analytic survey method with cross sectional design, to explain the relationship between the role of leadership and work discipline at UPT Puskesmas Padang Bulan. With a total of 48 respondents, the total sampling technique is to make the entire population into the study sample. The results of bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square Test obtained p value = 0.004 (p value <0.05), meaning Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected, which means there was a significant relationship between communication with the workforce health discipline at the Padang Bulan Health Center UPT 2019. The results of bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square Test obtained p value = 0.001 (p value <0.05), meaning that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means there is a significant relationship between Direction and Guidance with the discipline of health workforce at UPT Padang Bulan Health Center in 2019. It is hoped that leaders will improve communication, direction and guidance for health workers to create a condition of good work discipline.
HUBUNGAN KEPEMIMPINAN DENGAN KINERJA KADER IMUNISASI DASAR CAMPAK PADA BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADANG BULAN
Authors: Purba Sri Yanti , Ginting Rapael
Published: November 2019

The posyandu cadre is a volunteer chosen from the community and to help develop community health by carrying out activities at the posyandu which include increasing immunization coverage. Cadre performance is the result / effort that has been done in the midst of the community. Based on the data obtained by researchers from the Padang Bulan Community Health Center the sample of this study were 75 cadres consisting of 6 Kelurahan namely: Kelurahan Petisah Hulu of 20 cadres, Kelurahan Darat by 5 cadres, Kelurahan Titi Rantai as many as 15 cadres, Padang Bulan Kelurahan as many as 10 cadres, Merdeka Village as many as 15 cadres, and Babura Village as many as 10 people. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between variables Openness, Empathy, Supporting Attitudes, and Measles Cadre Immunization Performance in infants. The research used is analytic descriptive and uses cross sectional design. Data were analyzed using Chi Square Test (CI = 95%, a 0.05). The results of data analysis showed that there was a relationship between Openness and Cadre Performance (p value = 0,000> 0.05), there was a relationship between Empathy and Cadre Performance (p value = 0,000> 0.05), and there was a relationship between variables Supporting Attitudes with Cadre Performance (p value = 0,000> 0.05). Therefore, it is expected that respondents will further enhance their understanding of what respondents should do in the field before the posyandu is conducted and after the posyandu is done in the field so as to improve the performance of the posyandu cadres.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VARISES VENA TUNGKAI BAWAH (VVTB) PADA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) DI DESA SECURAI SELATAN KECAMATAN BABALAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2019
Authors: Sabputra Riyan , Siregar Santy Deasy , Ginting Rapael
Published: November 2019

Varicose veins of the lower limb (VVTB) abnormalities of blood vessels in the lower extremities. The prevalence of VVTB in Europe is around 50% of the adult population. The incidence of varicose veins in Indonesia is 25% to 30% in women and 10% to 20% in men. Based on a preliminary survey in Desa Securai Selatan, Babalan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency, out of 10 people there were 7 people suffering from VVTB. Therefore, the authors want to find out the factors that affect Varicose Veins of Lower Legs (VVTB) in Primary School (SD) teachers in Securai Selatan Village, Babalan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency in 2019. Types of analytical research with cross sectional approach. The population is Elementary School (SD) teachers in Securai Selatan Village, Babalan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency as many as 35 female teachers consisting of SD Alur Rejo having 19 teachers, SD Batang Rejo having 6 teachers and SD Sendayan having 10 teachers. The sample in this study using total sampling. Data analysis was performed with univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. The results of the study were elementary school teachers based on the long standing majority of the categories that did not last long, namely 19 people (54.3%), the majority age category = 30 years was 28 people ( 80.0%), majority education in S1 category is 33 people (94.3%), obesity in the majority category is not obese that is 18 people (51.4%), the use of high heels majority of the categories do not wear high heels that is 25 people (71 , 4%), the majority of VVTB categories were not VVTB, namely 28 people (80.0%). The conclusion is the influence of long standing factors, age, obesity and the use of high heels on VVTB in elementary school teachers in Securai Selatan Village, Babalan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency in 2019. The research suggestion is that teachers are expected to prevent VVTB by minimizing the work of teachers who are dominated by standing length of time in teaching and limiting the use of high heels to less than or equal to 5 cm because the use of shoes more than 5 cm is easier for potential varicose veins in the lower limbs