bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Closed Head Injury in Children
Authors: Levin Harvey S. , Amparo Eugenio G. , Eisenberg Howard M. , Miner Michael E. , High Walter M. , Ewing-Cobbs Linda , Fletcher Jack M. , Guinto Faustino C.
Published: May 2010

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in a series of 21 children and adolescents who had been hospitalized after sustaining closed head injuries of varying severity at least 6 months previously. Areas of high intensity in the parenchyma were present in 8 of the 11 severely injured patients, whereas MRI findings were normal in all 10 patients with mild-to-moderate head injuries. Lesions involving the subcortical white matter were confined to severely injured patients whose clinical features were compatible with diffuse axonal injury. Neuropsychological assessment disclosed deficits primarily in the severely injured patients; these deficits were significantly associated with persistent lesions visualized by MRI. Serial MRI and neurobehavioral assessment following early injury may be useful in documenting cognitive impairment in relation to structural alterations of the young brain.
Ectopic Prolactinoma within the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Heitzmann Anne , Jan Michel , Lecomte Pierre , Ruchoux Marie-Magdeleine , Lhuintre Yves , Tillet Yves
Published: May 2010

A case of an ectopic prolactin-producing tumor located within the sphenoid sinus is reported. It was discovered in a girl who experienced secondary amenorrhea without galactorrhea. We discuss the different diagnoses proposed before immunocytochemical staining results were available. This case presented unusual radiological, surgical, and histopathological aspects.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery with the Linear Accelerator: Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Betti Osvaldo O. , Munari Claudio , Rosler Roberto
Published: May 2010

An original stereotactic radiosurgical approach coupling a) Talairach's stereotactic methodology, b) a specially devised mechanical system, and c) a linear accelerator is detailed. The authors present their preliminary results on 66 patients with nonsurgical intracranial arteriovenous malformations. The doses delivered for treatment varied from 20 to 70 Gy. Doses of no more than 40 Gy were used in 80% of patients. An angiographic study was performed when the computed tomographic scan controls showed relevant modifications of the lesion volume. Total obliteration was obtained in 27 of the 41 patients (65.8%) who were followed up for at least 24 months. The percentage of the cured patients is significantly higher when a) the entire malformation is included in the 75% isodose (96%) and b) the maximum diameter of the lesion is less than 12 mm (81%). Two patients died of rebleeding at 18 and 29 months after treatment.
An Orbitocranial Approach to Complex Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
Authors: Smith Robert R. , Al-Mefty Ossama , Middleton Troy H.
Published: May 2010

A surgical approach to the skull base was developed in cadavers and then used in the treatment of patients with complex aneurysms of the anterior circulation. The operative method involves removal of portions of the orbital rim, orbital roof, and sphenoid bone. By removing the orbital rim and a portion of the orbital roof, multidirectional viewing is possible. This is important when dealing with the anterior aspect of the cavernous sinus and anterior clinoid process, as must frequently be done when isolating the neck of an ophthalmic aneurysm. The optic canal is opened wide and the optic nerve mobilized, allowing resection of the dura propria covering the cavernous carotid artery. Clip placement is performed in an anteroposterior plane, thus lessening the chance for compromise of the internal carotid artery. The low approach alleviates brain retraction and the small flap minimizes brain exposure. The approach also allows preservation of the arterial and neural supply to the frontalis and temporalis muscles, thereby preventing postoperative cosmetic deficits. During the past year and a half, this approach has been employed in 25 patients with difficult aneurysms of the anterior circulation. The difficulties of these cases stemmed from their odd location, size, or complex anatomy. Although periorbital edema may have been more severe during the first postoperative week, overall improved cosmesis was achieved.
Intracranial Meningiomas in the Aged: Surgical Outcome in the Era of Computed Tomography
Authors: Awad Issam A. , Kalfas Iain , Awad Joseph F. , Awad John R.
Published: May 2010

Seventy-five patients older than 60 years of age underwent surgical resection of intracranial meningiomas during a 10-year period at a single institution. All patients had a computed tomographic scan preoperatively, and all were followed for at least 3 months postoperatively. There were 50 patients 61 to 70 years of age (Group A), and 25 patients older than 70 years (Group B). Sixteen patients (21%) were asymptomatic, and no patient was severely disabled preoperatively. Operative morbidity and mortality and outcome at 3 months were assessed and correlated with age, preoperative neurological status, and tumor size and location. Operative mortality was 6.6% (6% in Group A; 8% in Group B). Perioperative morbidity (including medical and surgical complications and worsening in neurological status) was 48% (46% in Group A; 52% in Group B). Neurological status 3 months after surgery was improved by at least one grade as compared to before surgery in 40% of patients (38% in Group A; 44% in Group B), unchanged in 29% (34% in Group A; 20% in Group B), and worsened in 31% (28% in Group A; 36% in Group B). While nearly half of the patients were asymptomatic 3 months after surgery, 11 patients (15%) had died or remained seriously disabled. Outcome at 3 months correlated significantly with low neurological grade preoperatively and with a tumor location over the cortical convexity. There was no significant correlation with age or tumor size. We conclude that resection of intracranial meningiomas is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Figures from large series of mostly younger patients with meningiomas do not reflect surgical outcome in the aged. The best outcome is seen in patients who do not have advanced neurological symptoms preoperatively and in patients with meningioma location in the cortical convexity.
Intracranial Plasma Cell Granuloma
Authors: Gangemi Michelangelo , Maiuri Francesco , Giamundo Arcangelo , Donati Pierarturo , De Chiara Annarosaria
Published: May 2010

An exceptional case of intracranial plasma cell granuloma, located in the right frontoparietal convexity in a 16-year-old boy is reported. Reports of these rare inflammatory lesions locate them primarily in the lungs and in other regions of the body, and only exceptionally in the nervous system; indeed, only three intracranial cases and one other arising from the spinal meninges have been reported. The computed tomographic and surgical aspects suggested a falx meningioma in our case. The pathological diagnosis differentiating these from other intracranial lesions with a plasma cell component, including meningioma with plasma cell infiltration and plasmacytoma, is discussed.
Occult Intrasacral Meningocele: Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis
Authors: Doty James R. , Thomson Jeffrey , Simonds Gary , Rengachary Setti S. , Gunby E. Neal
Published: May 2010

We evaluated four patients who had occult intrasacral meningocele with multimodality radiographic imaging techniques. The clinical features, radiological findings, gross appearances of the lesion at surgery, surgical technique, histopathological features of the cyst wall, and surgical outcome are described. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative evaluation compared with standard radiographic techniques is discussed. Theories regarding the pathogenesis of this lesion are reviewed.
The Incidence and Significance of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Patients with Head Injuries
Authors: Olson John D. , Kaufman Howard H. , Moake Joel , O'Gorman Thomas W. , Hoots Keith , Wagner Karen , Brown Kice C. , Gildenberg Philip L.
Published: May 2010

Abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis is a frequent complication in patients with head injury. This complication can be severe enough to lead to hemorrhage or thrombosis. A study was undertaken to determine if the hemostatic abnormalities are reliable indicators of outcome. Hemostasis in 269 patients with head injuries alone was screened using platelet count (PC), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), fibrinogen assay (FIB), level of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score in the first 24 hours after injury. Test results were compared with the outcome (discharged or dead) in the entire group and in subgroups divided on the basis of the severity of injury as determined by the Glasgow coma score (GCS). Increased consumptive coagulopathy at admission, as reflected in the DIC score, predicts the outcome of head-injured patients with a high degree of accuracy. The degree of increase of the initial FDP level and prolongation of TCT also correlated positively with the outcome. Prolongation of the APTT correlated strongly with unfavorable outcome in a large group of patients, and in a small group, markedly accelerated APTT also predicted death. Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that GCS, FDP level, and DIC score predicted outcome. Other tests did not provide additional predictive value. Abnormal hemostasis frequently complicates the course of patients with head injuries. This study demonstrates that hemostasis tests are predictors of outcome in these patients.
The Microsurgical Anatomy of the Infratentorial Lateral Supracerebellar Approach to the Trigeminal Nerve for Tic Douloureux
Authors: Matsushima Toshio , Fukui Masashi , Suzuki Satoshi , Rhoton Albert L.
Published: May 2010

The increasing use of microsurgical decompression for trigeminal neuralgia has created a need for more detailed anatomical information about the approach. To define better this anatomy, 10 cerebellar specimens obtained at autopsy were examined, and intraoperative findings in 30 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed. Since the infratentorial subdural space on the tentorial cerebellar surface is exposed to explore the trigeminal nerve in the infratentorial lateral supracerebellar approach, attention was directed to the following: the anterolateral margin of the cerebellar hemisphere, bridging veins on the tentorial surface, superior petrosal veins, and relationships between blood vessels and the trigeminal nerve. The lateral mesencephalic segment of the superior cerebellar artery at or near the bifurcation often compressed the nerve laterally at more than one point. With this approach, the relationship of the superior cerebellar artery to the nerve could be observed from the medial side of the tentorial surface. The infratentorial lateral supracerebellar approach is discussed and compared to Dandy's cerebellar route.
Potential and pitfalls of stem cell therapy in old age
Authors: Piccin David , Morshead Cindi M.
Published: May 2010

Our increasing understanding of resident stem cell populations in various tissues of the adult body provides promise for the development of cell-based therapies to treat trauma and disease. With the sharp rise in the aging population, the need for effective regenerative medicine strategies for the aged is more important then ever. Yet, the vast majority of research fuelling our understanding of the mechanisms that control stem cell behaviour, and their role in tissue regeneration, is conducted in young animals. Evidence collected in the last several years indicates that, although stem cells remain active into old age, changes in the stem cells and their microenvironments inhibit their regenerative potential. An understanding of both the cell-intrinsic stem cell changes, as well as concomitant changes to the stem cell niche and the systemic environment, are crucial for the development of regenerative medicine strategies that might be successful in aged patients.
The successes and failures of the DSPD experiment: the assessment and management of severe personality disorder
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Duggan Conor , Cooper Sylvia , Crawford Mike , Seivewright Helen , Rutter Deborah , Maden Tony , Byford Sarah , Barrett Barbara
Published: May 2010

In the last 10 years a sum in excess of £200 million has been spent in developing a new programme of treatment for those deemed to have dangerous and severe personality disorder (DSPD) in England. This proto-diagnosis is a new concept in forensic psychiatric practice and, although its conception was bold, it carried considerable risks in implementation as so little was known about the effective management of this group of disorders. We review the successes and failures of this pioneering programme a decade after its introduction and conclude that although much has been gained from the experiment – particularly in developing services for those with personality disorder in general – it has been less effective in managing those whom it was primarily targeting and may not have been cost-effective.
A two-length-scale polymer theory for RNA loop free energies and helix stacking
Authors: Aalberts Daniel P. , Nandagopal Nagarajan
Published: May 2010

The reliability of RNA secondary structure predictions is subject to the accuracy of the underlying free energy model. Mfold and other RNA folding algorithms are based on the Turner model, whose weakest part is its formulation of loop free energies, particularly for multibranch loops. RNA loops contain single-strand and helix-crossing segments, so we develop an enhanced two-length freely jointed chain theory and revise it for self-avoidance. Our resulting universal formula for RNA loop entropy has fewer parameters than the Turner/Mfold model, and yet simulations show that the standard errors for multibranch loop free energies are reduced by an order of magnitude. We further note that coaxial stacking decreases the effective length of multibranch loops and provides, surprisingly, an entropic stabilization of the ordered configuration in addition to the enthalpic contribution of helix stacking. Our formula is in good agreement with measured hairpin free energies. We find that it also improves the accuracy of folding predictions.
Linking research and policy in Scotland
Authors: Jung Tobias , Nutley Sandra , Morton Sarah , Millar Ann
Published: May 2010

Given its strong research base, separate administrative systems and consensual policy style, Scotland provides an interesting case for exploring the relationship between research and policy. This paper outlines approaches and initiatives developed by government, research funders and universities to promote better linkages between research and policy within Scotland. It illustrates how these play out through the example of the Scottish Early Years Framework and reflects on: the overall character of these initiatives; their success to date; some of the concerns they raise; and the extent to which these developments address those features generally associated with effective practices to increase research impact.
Firing Tests on Clay-Rich Raw Materials from the Algarve Basin (Southern Portugal): Study of Mineral Transformations with Temperature
Authors: Trindade Maria José , Dias Maria Isabel , Coroado João , Rocha Fernando
Published: May 2010

In cases where the provenance of raw materials used in the manufacture of local archeological ceramics is of interest, a detailed study of thermal transformations of minerals may be useful. The purpose of this study was to measure mineralogical transformations of different types of clays obtained during experimental firing runs, carried out at different temperatures, with the main goal of establishing Algarve reference groups based on the composition of raw material and high-temperature mineralogy, which may be compared with ceramics in studies of provenance. Eleven samples of clay-rich raw materials from the Algarve Basin (southern Portugal) were fired to temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100°C in increments of 100°C under oxidizing conditions. These were chosen to have variable chemical and mineralogical compositions, representing the main compositional range of the clay deposits from the region. Mineralogical and geochemical characterizations of the original clays were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), respectively. Mineral transformations on the fired products were also studied by XRD.

Three groups of clays were distinguished according to the type of neoformed high-temperature minerals: (1) non-calcareous clays; (2) clays containing calcite as the only carbonate; and (3) clays with dolomite or dolomite + calcite. Firing of non-calcareous clays produced mullite at 1100–1200°C. Gehlenite and wollastonite formed by firing calcite-rich clays above 900°C, accompanied by anorthite or larnite in samples with small or large calcite contents, respectively. Firing of dolomite-rich clays at temperatures >900°C yielded a member of the gehlenite-åkermanite group and diopside. Anorthite, enstatite, periclase, forsterite, and monticellite may also form in the firing products.
The Role of H3O+ in the Crystal Structure of Illite
Authors: Nieto Fernando , Mellini Marcello , Abad Isabel
Published: May 2010

In spite of decades of research on the subject, the crystal structure of illite is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to address this problem by investigating the nature of the interlayer content in illite IMt-2 from Silver Hill, Montana, using analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The ATEM data, together with literature and TG results, yielded the formula K0.70a0.01(H2O)0.42 (Al1.53Fe2+0.06Fe3+0.19Mg0.28)Σ−2.06(Si3.44Al0.56)O10(OH)2 or, assuming the presence of H3O+, K0.69Na0.01(H3O)+0.28(Al1.47Fe2+0.06Fe3+0.19Mg0.28)Σ−1.99(Si3.40Al0.60)O10(OH)2. The first formula indicates surplus interlayer and octahedral species, whereas the second shows no excess. The XRPD data were refined by Rietveld techniques, down to an Rp factor of 10.48–13.8%. The mineral composition consists largely of illite-2M1, illite-1M, and minor quartz. Although the refinement accuracy is limited by the intrinsic poor quality diffraction of the illites, the partially refined model is consistent with the chemical composition; in particular, attempts to introduce octahedral cations in excess of 2 were fruitless. All the results support the simple structural model, by which the illite structure strictly corresponds to a dioctahedral mica with H3O+ replacing K. As a consequence, the crystalchemical formula of illites should be calculated on the basis of six tetrahedral plus octahedral cations.
Layer-Charge Characteristics of Smectite in Thai Vertisols
Authors: Chittamart Natthapol , Suddhiprakarn Anchalee , Kheoruenromne Irb , Gilkes Robert J.
Published: May 2010

The fertility of soils with respect to K+ and NH4+ is often difficult to measure, but is essential for achieving effective agronomic practices. This problem is especially important in the Vertisols of Thailand. The purpose of the study reported here was to characterize the composition and layer-charge behavior of Thai Vertisols in order to understand better their K+ and NH4+ fertility. Topsoil and subsoil clay of 12 representative highly smectitic Vertisols from Thailand were studied. Interlayer swelling of smectite with alkylammonium cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and chemical composition were determined. These data and the re-expansion on glycerol treatment of Li-saturated, heated smectite demonstrated that high-charge, Fe-rich beidellite is the major clay mineral in these soils. The beidellite has a heterogeneous layer-charge distribution as measured by the alkylammonium method, with mean values ranging from 0.43 to 0.62 charges per half unit cell. The layer charge determined by CEC and structural formula methods for some almost pure smectites is smaller (0.32–0.54) and greater (0.46–0.69), respectively, than determined by the alkylammonium method. The structural formulae of beidellite confirm that the layer charge originates mostly in the tetrahedral sheet.
Predicting proactive behaviour at work: Exploring the role of personality as an antecedent of whistleblowing behaviour
Authors: Bjørkelo Brita , Einarsen Ståle , Matthiesen Stig Berge
Published: May 2010

This paper reports on the role of personality as an antecedent of proactive behaviour at work in the form of whistleblowing. In the interest of triangulation, two studies were used, along with two personality measures. The results of Study 1, conducted among 503 municipality employees, show that the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory dimensions of extraversion and agreeableness are significantly associated with whistleblowing, with odds ratios of 1.13 and 0.91, respectively. The result from Study 2, conducted among a representative sample of employees, shows that the circumplex of interpersonal problems dimension domineering was significantly associated with whistleblowing, with an odds ratio of 1.66. The results suggest that personality, in the form of high extraversion and dominance and low agreeableness, do play a role as antecedents of whistleblowing.
The Central Board of Film Certification Correspondence Files (1992–2002): A Discursive Rhetoric of Moral Panic, "Public" Protest, and Political Pressure
Authors: Bose Nandana
Published: May 2010

This article constructs a chronological narrative based on a decade of epistolary communication involving India's Central Board of Film Certification, the Information & Broadcasting Ministry, the police, right-wing parties, and the citizenry in order to trace a continuum of state and right-wing interventions in the process of censoring 1990s Hindi cinema.
Hip-Hop’s Influence on the Identity Development of Black Female College Students: A Literature Review
Authors: Henry Wilma J. , West Nicole M. , Jackson Andrea
Published: May 2010

This article explores unique issues regarding the effects of hip-hop culture on the identity development of young Black female college students. Through the lenses of womanist and Black feminist perspectives, the intersecting impact of race and gender are reviewed within the context of the competing influences of hip-hop on Black female identity. Implications for college and university student development practitioners are offered, and recommendations for further research are provided.
Reading the Bavli in Iran
Authors: Secunda Shai
Published: May 2010

Recently, scholars have begun to reexamine the Babylonian Talmud in light of its Sasanian Iranian context A fair number of parallels have thus far been adduced and analyzed. However, there has been relatively little theoretical discussion regarding the implications of contextualizing the Bavli. This article articulates one methodological problem by, on the one hand emphasizing both the Bavli's apparent insularity from non-Jewish Sasanian literature and its indeptedness to Palestinian rabbinic Judaism, and on the other hand, by describing the dynamanism of Sasanian cultures of religious learning which flourished within roughly the same time and space. By analyzing the Bavli's discussions of "anatomical dualism" at Sanhedrin 38b-39a, this paper advances a method of interpretation which highlights the Bavli's own processes of reading Roman Palestinian rabbinic texts in a Sasanian Babylonian context.
Early Modern Dramatizations of Virgins and Pregnant Women
Authors: Karpinska Monika
Published: May 2010

This paper examines representations of virgins and pregnant women in early modern drama showing how perceptions of the feminine based on biblical representations, witchcraft, and the connection between women and nature influenced the early modern mind. Virgins who appear in Robert Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay , Anthony Munday's The Book of John a Kent and John a Cumber , Thomas Middleton's The Witch , and William Rowley's The Birth of Merlin are examined alongside Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale . The pregnant women in The Winter's Tale and The Birth of Merlin are held in contrast to illustrate the power women wield at transformative stages in their lives. From liminal spaces these women mystify the rigidities of patriarchal society.
Resources, Rent-Seeking, and Reform in Thailand and Myanmar (Burma): The Economics-Politics Nexus
Authors: James Helen
Published: May 2010

This article examines the economics-politics nexus in Thailand and Myanmar in the context of rent-seeking, revenues from oil and gas resources, and possible political reform.
When He Listened, People Talked
Authors: Hirsch Paul M. , Cornfield Daniel B.
Published: May 2010

Studs Terkel chronicled the wide range of social transformations in the 20th century in books and interviews highlighting people's stories of working, playing, and aging in the years and events of the Great Depression, World War II, and the Civil RightsMovement. Terkel's legacy is a reminder of the enduring relationship between social criticism and sociology, a celebration of and a clarion call for sociologically informed work that is at once humanistic, systematic, and relevant.
How Schools Really Matter
Authors: Downey Douglas B. , Gibbs Benjamin G.
Published: May 2010

There's an old joke about a man on a street corner, down on his hands and knees searching for his lost wallet. A passerby stops to help, asking, “So you lost it right around here?” “Oh no,” the man replies, “I lost the wallet several blocks ago. I'm just looking on this street corner because this is where the lighting is good.”
Making Sociology More Socially Useful
Authors: Gans Herbert J.
Published: May 2010

After I conducted my 1997 study of best selling sociology books, I concluded that sociologists shouldn't attempt to publish best sellers but “intellectually and otherwise useful work… that adds to… the public understanding of society and if possible its improvement as well.” The results of the Contexts Graduate Student Editorial Board study, which collected data on the sociological books people actually take home from bookstores, suggest some further conclusions.
Probióticos e prebióticos na atenção primária ao câncer de cólon
Authors: Denipote Fabiana Gouveia , Trindade Erasmo Benício Santos de Moraes , Burini Roberto Carlos
Published: May 2010

CONTEXTO: As neoplasias de cólon são a terceira forma mais comum de câncer atualmente. Seus tratamentos ainda estão associados a elevado risco de complicações, ressaltando, assim, a necessidade de elaborar novas estratégias de tratamento. A ingestão de probióticos, prebióticos ou a combinação de ambos (simbióticos), representa nova opção terapêutica. Diante da importância do equilíbrio quantitativo e qualitativo da microbiota intestinal para saúde humana e com objetivo de melhor elucidar o papel dos probióticos e prebióticos, o tema citado procura abordar a importância destes como coadjuvantes na prevenção e tratamento de câncer de cólon. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada pesquisa em bancos de dados científicos (Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Ovid, Scielo) através de levantamento de artigos científicos, além da busca direta aos periódicos, priorizando-se os mesmos do período de 2003 a 2008. Foram, também, coletadas informações através de sites da internet, como forma de melhor compreender a epidemiologia, conceitos e tratamentos dessa patologia. RESULTADOS: Estudos apontam relação inversa entre o consumo de probióticos e prebióticos e o diagnóstico de câncer de cólon, sendo que alguns dos possíveis mecanismos englobam: aumento da resposta imune, redução da resposta inflamatória, inibição de formação de células tumorais e da conversão de substâncias pré-carcinogênicas em carcinogênicas. CONCLUSÃO: Através da realização desta revisão literária foi possível obter respostas positivas quanto ao uso de probióticos e prebióticos na carcinogênese, colocando seu uso como recomendado de forma adequada.
Apoio social à família do paciente com câncer: identificando caminhos e direções
Authors: Sanchez Keila de Oliveira Lisboa , Ferreira Noeli Marchioro Liston Andrade , Dupas Giselle , Costa Danielli Boer
Published: May 2010

Rede e apoio social são recursos que enfermeiros podem oferecer às famílias. Esta revisão identifica que aspectos estão sendo pesquisados sobre apoio social à família do doente com câncer. Localizaram-se 51 artigos, sendo 70% de metodologia quantitativa e 26% publicados nos dois últimos anos. Os temas abordados foram: Cuidador familiar como provedor de apoio social; Fatores que interferem no apoio social; Religiosidade como apoio social e o apoio social proveniente de programas educativos, atividades grupais e recursos tecnológicos. Dos artigos, 49% foram escritos por enfermeiros, sendo a ênfase internacional para avaliação das necessidades, experiências das famílias e apoios oferecidos, enquanto que os artigos nacionais enfatizavam a definição de conceitos e identificação das necessidades das famílias visando ao planejamento de intervenções.
Doação de sangue: solidariedade mecânica versus solidariedade orgânica
Authors: Pereima Rosane Suely May Rodrigues , Reibnitz Kenya Schmidt , Martini Jussara Gue , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves
Published: May 2010

Reflete-se sobre doação de sangue em um hemocentro de Santa Catarina, abordando-a como solidariedade mecânica e orgânica. Discute-se a forma de viver na contemporaneidade com a Globalização e o culto à velocidade em um contexto impregnado por incertezas e adversidades. Vive-se num mundo acelerado, dificultando a convivência em sociedade, contribuindo para a fragilização de valores e atitudes que melhorem a qualidade de vida. Mesmo com as dificuldades vivenciadas no cotidiano da sociedade contemporânea, percebe-se na história da hemoterapia brasileira, ao se falar em doação de sangue, que atitudes e valores como a solidariedade vêm se transformando de forma sensível tendo-se a atualidade como pano de fundo Busca-se compreender a doação de sangue como solidariedade mecânica e orgânica.
Oviposition behavior of wild Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) females deprived of the host Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)
Authors: Sperandio Luiza A. A , Zucoloto Fernando S
Published: May 2010

The insects oviposition behavior is fundamental to study population dynamics, life history evolution, insect-plant and parasitoid-host interactions. Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) females oviposition behavior in the presence and absence of a host is unknown. The main objective of this study was to describe in detail the oviposition behavior of host deprived or non-deprived females, and observe how the several situations of deprivation (days without host) influence oviposition. Six groups were assembled, three deprived of the host (for 2, 5 and 8 days) and three control groups (with host), each containing one newly-emerged couple (0-24h) of wild Z. subfasciatus, The non-deprived (control) groups received the hosts every day (5 bean seeds Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)) and the others were deprived for 2, 5 and 8 days, respectively. For each group 12 repetitions were made. Consequently, 12 couples were host deprived during two days, 12 couples were host deprived during five days and 12 couples were host deprived during eight days. When the seeds of the deprived groups were added the experiments started. There was a control group for each deprived group. The experiments and the insects were maintained at constant temperature 29 ± 2ºC and 70-80% relative humidity. At 15 minutes interval, the number of times the females manifested the different categories of behavior was observed (frequency). The behavior categories were: rest inside the box, locomotion, resource exploration (seeds), copulation and oviposition. The deprived females stayed most of the time in contact with the host to carry out oviposition, while the non-deprived (control) females spent most of the time at rest. This was observed in all the deprivation times. The results show that host deprivation influences the oviposition behavior of the studied species and also shows the flexibility in the oviposition strategies that these females present when the environment changes (absence and presence of resources)
Calliphorid fly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) attraction to different colored traps in the Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Mello Renata S , Queiroz Margareth M. C , Nunes-Freitas André F , Aguiar-Coelho Valéria M
Published: May 2010

The present study intended to analyze calliphorid attraction to traps painted in a variety of colors and the calliphorid constancy index in the Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The Diptera were collected monthly in the Reserve, between 2002 and 2005, totaling 24 samplings. Four traps containing sardines as bait were painted olive green, blood red, black, or white and exposed for 48 h at four equidistant points, 50 m from each other. To determine the calliphorid species constancy, the Bodenheirmer constancy index was used throughout the study. To analyze differences in the total abundance between species and in their color selection, an ANCOVA test with a significance level of 5 % and a Tukey post-test were used, considering the categories species and color as cofactors and climatic variables as co-variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), since the samples were collected over two years. 10,444 insects were captured. Of these, 56 % belonged to the Calliphoridae family, totaling 13 species, with the most frequent species being Laneela nigripes (28.5 %), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (17 %), and Mesembrinella sp. (16.4 %). The other species had frequencies lower than 12 %. Nine species were considered constant, two accessories, and two accidental. The data indicated that the most frequent species presented significant differences between themselves concerning abundance over the captured months, however, the Tukey post-test indicated differences only between a few of them. The black trap presented the higher relative calliphorid frequency (27.34 %), followed by green (25 %), red (24.0 %), and white (23.7 %), although the species abundance in the different colored traps did not differ significantly among themselves. Therefore, there was no Calliphorid flies preference for any of the tested colors.
Influência do ciclo hidrológico na dieta e estrutura trófica da ictiofauna do Rio Cuiabá, Pantanal Mato-Grossense
Authors: Corrêa Carlos Eduardo , Petry Ana Cristina , Hahn Norma S
Published: May 2010

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ciclo hidrológico sobre a dieta e estrutura trófica da ictiofauna no Pantanal. Foram realizadas amostragens mensais entre março de 2000 e fevereiro de 2001, no rio Cuiabá e na lagoa Chacororé. A análise dos conteúdos estomacais de 58 espécies permitiu o reconhecimento de oito categorias tróficas. Peixes das categorias piscívora, detritívora e lepidófaga foram os que apresentaram menor variação na composição da dieta em ambos os ambientes, independente do período hidrológico. Os efeitos do pulso de inundação foram pronunciados na abundância numérica e na biomassa das categorias detritívora e omnívora, enquanto variações nestes parâmetros apresentaram-se relacionadas ao tipo de ambiente para as categorias piscívora, invertívora e insetívora. Os resultados sugeriram que tanto a especialização por alguns itens alimentares quanto a provável elevada disponibilidade de recursos alimentares nos ambientes investigados contribuíram para o fraco efeito do ciclo hidrológico na organização trófica da ictiofauna. Através do aumento da conectividade hidrológica, o pulso de inundação do rio Cuiabá possibilita o deslocamento dos organismos pelo sistema, que deve determinar a variabilidade na estrutura das categorias tróficas.
Composição acarina em diferentes cultivares de pessegueiros [Prunus persica (L.)], em Presidente Prudente, estado de São Paulo
Authors: Montes Sônia Maria Nalesso Marangoni , Raga Adalton , Boliani Aparecida Conceição , Mineiro Jeferson Luiz Carvalho , Santos Pedro César dos
Published: May 2010

Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, estudar a ocorrência natural de ácaros fitófagos e predadores em diferentes cultivares de pessegueiro, no município de Presidente Prudente-SP, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2006. Amostras quinzenais de 72 folhas foram coletadas ao acaso, de pessegueiros das cultivares Talismã, Doçura 2, Dourado 2, Tropical, Aurora 1 e Aurora 2. Coletou-se um total de 2.594 ácaros, sendo 2.092 fitófagos, 403 predadores e 99 de hábitos alimentares pouco conhecidos, com 35 espécies de ácaros de 16 famílias. Aculus fockeui ocorreu de maneira esporádica, não causando danos visíveis às plantas. A família Phytoseiidae apresentou a maior abundância e o maior número de indivíduos. O predador Euseius citrifolius foi o mais abundante. Não houve preferência dos ácaros nas cultivares de pessegueiro avaliadas.
A sombra do imortal: reflexões sobre a nação e a memória
Authors: Saliba Elias Thomé
Published: May 2010

A partir do livro de Regina Abreu, A fabricação do imortal: memória, história e estratégias de consagração no Brasil, são discutidas as principais abordagens da problemática da nacionalidade. O tema central do livro é a coleção Miguel Calmon du Pin, doada ao Museu Nacional em 1936, que é analisada nos seus mais variados desdobramentos, tanto no que se refere às estratégias de consagração individual quanto às formas de construção cultural da brasilidade.
O WHOQOL-bref, um instrumento para avaliar qualidade de vida: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Kluthcovsky Ana Cláudia G.C. , Kluthcovsky Fábio Aragão
Published: May 2010

Estudo descritivo-exploratório no qual foram pesquisadas as bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE a fim de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre estudos que utilizaram o WHOQOL-bref como instrumento para coleta de dados em avaliações de qualidade de vida. Foram selecionados 169 resumos de artigos publicados sobre o tema até 31 de dezembro de 2006, que constituíram o material base para a análise. O primeiro estudo foi publicado em 1998, constatando-se um aumento progressivo de publicações de estudos que utilizaram o WHOQOL-bref ao longo dos anos, principalmente em 2005 e 2006 (62,1% do total). Os países que mais publicaram esse tipo de estudos foram o Brasil (14,2%), seguido por Taiwan (13%) e a Alemanha (8,2%). Vários periódicos publicaram sobre o tema, com predomínio do Quality of Life Research, com 31 artigos (18,3%). Do total de 107 periódicos, 29,8% eram ligados às áreas da Psiquiatria, Psicologia e Saúde Mental. Os sujeitos mais frequentemente pesquisados foram doentes psiquiátricos e população em geral, seguidos dos cuidadores, doentes cardiovasculares, neurológicos, nefropatas crônicos e idosos. Quanto aos objetivos dos estudos, a maior parte referiu-se à validação ou avaliação de propriedades psicométricas do WHOQOL-bref, seguida da avaliação da qualidade de vida em um grupo de sujeitos e respectivos subgrupos e da avaliação da qualidade de vida em um grupo de sujeitos comparada com a de grupo-controle. O WHOQOL-bref foi utilizado em diversos países e em diferentes grupos de pessoas, demonstrando suas muitas possibilidades de uso em uma perspectiva internacional e transcultural.
Qualidade de vida após revascularização do miocárdio: avaliação segundo duas perspectivas metodológicas
Authors: Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Rossi Lídia Aparecida , Costa Maria Cristina Silva , Vila Vanessa da Silva Carvalho
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) segundo a proposta de Flanagan, em dois grupos de pacientes revascularizados; comparar e combinar resultados desta pesquisa com dados de uma etnografia que interpreta significados de QV de pacientes revascularizados. MÉTODO: Foi utilizada a triangulação metodológica de duas pesquisas: uma qualitativa (etnográfica) e outra quantitativa, que aplicou a Escala de Qualidade de vida de Flanagan em 124 indivíduos. RESULTADOS: no estudo quantitativo, a QV relacionou-se a "ter e criar filhos" e "relacionamento com os amigos" e no qualitativo a boa QV relacionou-se a bem-estar, felicidade, satisfação, possibilidades na vida e os temas identificados foram: saúde (física, emocional e espiritual), trabalho e harmonia familiar. CONCLUSÃO: As dimensões de qualidade de vida identificadas no estudo etnográfico são semelhantes aos domínios que compõem a Escala de Qualidade de vida de Flanagan. A espiritualidade/religiosidade, não abordada na escala, é destacada pelos participantes como uma dimensão de QV.
Condições de trabalho, características sociodemográficas e distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em trabalhadores de enfermagem
Authors: Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Lisboa Marcia Tereza Luz , Griep Rosane Harter , Kirchhof Ana Lúcia Cardoso , Camponogara Silviamar , Nonnenmacher Carolina de Quadros , Vieira Letícia Becker
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a prevalência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário público do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, e identificar variáveis sociodemográficas e laborais associadas a esses sintomas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 491 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se a versão brasileira do Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire para identificação dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos. RESULTADOS: Entre os participantes, 96,3% referiram sentir dor em alguma região do corpo no último ano, 73,1 % nos últimos sete dias e 65,8% relataram dificuldade nas atividades diárias. A coluna lombar foi a localização mais freqüente referida pelos trabalhadores. Características sociodemográficas (ser mulher, extremos de idade, filhos pequenos, baixa escolaridade, obesidade, tabagismo) e laborais (ser técnico ou auxiliar de enfermagem, trabalho noturno, alta demanda física no trabalho) estiveram associadas a dor em várias regiões. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam necessidade de propostas participativas para a promoção da saúde e bem-estar no trabalho de enfermagem, envolvendo tanto gerentes hospitalares quanto trabalhadores.
Propagação in vitro de Erythrina velutina
Authors: Costa Geisa Moreira da , Nepomuceno Cristina Ferreira , Santana José Raniere Ferreira de
Published: May 2010

Erythrina velutina (mulungu) é uma planta nativa do semiárido brasileiro que pode ser propagada via cultura de tecidos, o que poderá contribuir com a rápida multiplicação dessa espécie, além da redução de possíveis impactos ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação para o mulungu utilizando explantes de plântulas assépticas obtidas in vitro. Para a indução de brotos, foram utilizados como explantes hipocótilos segmentos nodais e nós cotiledonares inoculados em meio de cultura WPM acrescido de diferentes concentrações de BAP e ANA. O enraizamento dos brotos foi realizado em meio WPM suplementado com 0,0; 2,46; 4,92; e 9,88µM de AIB. A melhor resposta para a multiplicação foi obtida em meio suplementado com 17,76µM de BAP, sendo utilizado segmento nodal ou nó cotiledonar como explante. Os brotos enraizaram em todas as condições testadas, inclusive no meio de cultura sem auxina.
Histamina, receptores de histamina e anti-histamínicos: novos conceitos
Authors: Criado Paulo Ricardo , Criado Roberta Fachini Jardim , Maruta Celina W. , Machado Filho Carlos d'Apparecida
Published: May 2010

As drogas com ação anti-histamínica estão entre as medicações mais comumente prescritas na prática dermatológica diária, tanto em adultos como em crianças. Este artigo aborda os novos conceitos da função dos receptores de histamina (receptores H1) e discute os efeitos anti-inflamatórios dessas drogas. A segunda geração de anti-histamínicos difere da primeira geração devido a sua elevada especificidade e afinidade pelos receptores H1 periféricos e devido a seu menor efeito no sistema nervoso central, tendo como resultado menores efeitos sedativos. Embora a eficácia dos diferentes anti-histamínicos H1 (anti-H1) no tratamento de doentes alérgicos seja similar, mesmo quando se comparam anti-H1 de primeira e de segunda geração, eles são muito diferentes em termos de estrutura química, farmacologia e propriedades tóxicas. Consequentemente o conhecimento de suas características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas é importante para a melhor prática médica, especialmente em gestantes, crianças, idosos e doentes com comorbidades.
Síndrome de Hay-Wells: relato de caso
Authors: Rosa Dário Júnior de Freitas , Machado Ronaldo Figueiredo , Martins Neto Marcelino Pereira , Sá Alessandra Almeida Montenegro de , Gamonal Aloísio
Published: May 2010

A síndrome de Hay-Wells é uma forma rara de displasia ectodérmica, descrita inicialmente em 1976 por Hay e Wells, de caráter autossômico dominante com expressão variável, composta por anomalias congênitas da pele, cabelos, dentes, unhas e glândulas sudoríparas. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 17 anos, filho de pais não consangüíneos, que apresentava anquiloblefaron filiforme adenatum, displasia ectodérmica e fenda palatina ao nascimento, sinais considerados cardinais pela maioria dos autores. Destacamos também a importância do acompanhamento multidiscliplinar dos pacientes.
Volatiles produced by interacting microorganisms potentially useful for the control of plant pathogens
Authors: Campos Vicente Paulo , Pinho Renata Silva Canuto de , Freire Eduardo Souza
Published: May 2010

The results of studies about interactions between microorganisms involving at least one plant pathogen are of interest to the areas of ethiology and control in Plant Pathology. Various aspects of these interactions have been studied over the years but the toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been emphasized only recently, developing techniques and procedures, and producing additional knowledge to those already obtained with water-soluble substances. This new facet of these interactions based on VOCs is discussed in this review involving mainly fungi, bacteria and nematodes pathogenic to plants. Also discussed is the role of VOCs produced by microorganisms, especially fungi and bacteria, in soil fungistasis and the effect of VOCs on fungal agents used in the control of plant parasitic nematodes. The evidence of VOCs broadens the research studies about these interactions. However, the scarcity of the research results in this area show up gaps which need to be filled and some research proposals are discussed. The present and future accumulated VOC knowledge will perhaps be beneficial to farmers, especially aspects related to increasing soil suppressiveness to plant disease and to the finding of analog molecules of VOCs highly effective against plant pathogens.