bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podróż do źródeł muzyki? Afrykańsko-niemieckie związki muzyczne w I poł. XX wieku
Authors: Odoj Wojciech
Published: November 2022

The article is a review of Anna Maria Busse Berger’s book The Search for Medieval Music in Africa and Germany, 1891–1961: Scholars, Singers, Missionaries. This volume discusses the role of youth movements (Jugendbewegung, Wandervogel, Singbewegung) responsible for creating the cultural life of Germany, and the interdependencies between musicologist-medievalists, ethnomusicologists and missionaries. It also deals with the fascinating, difficult beginnings of comparative musicology, including the story of musicology as a scholarly discipline that was slowly finding its place among other branches of learning that had already been long established at universities.
Pieśni bólu i rozpaczy. O "Pieśniach północnych" (1973) Andrzeja Krzanowskiego
Authors: Stochniol Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Andrzej Krzanowski’s compositions, particularly those written at the beginning of his creative journey, are still sidelined by researchers and performers. The article describes his Pieśni północne [Northern songs] (1973) for eight-voice mixed choir a cappella, to words by Kazimierz Ratoń, composed while he was a student in the class of Henryk Mikołaj Górecki. The axis of interpretation is provided by two strands: the meaning of the text and its relationship with the musical means of expression, as well as selected musical aspects such as scales, form and references to other compositions.
Two n × n G-classes of matrices having finite intersection
Authors: Golshan Setareh , Armandnejad Ali , Hall Frank J.
Published: November 2022

Let

M

n

{{\bf{M}}}_{n}

be the set of all

n
×
n

n\times n

real matrices. A nonsingular matrix

A
∈

M

n

A\in {{\bf{M}}}_{n}

is called a G-matrix if there exist nonsingular diagonal matrices

D

1

{D}_{1}

and

D

2

{D}_{2}

such that

A

−
T

=

D

1

A

D

2

{A}^{-T}={D}_{1}A{D}_{2}

. For fixed nonsingular diagonal matrices

D

1

{D}_{1}

and

D

2

{D}_{2}

, let

G

(

D

1

,

D

2

)

=

{

A
∈

M

n

:

A

−
T

=

D

1

A

D

2

}

,

{\mathbb{G}}\left({D}_{1},{D}_{2})=\left\{A\in {{\bf{M}}}_{n}:{A}^{-T}={D}_{1}A{D}_{2}\right\},

which is called a G-class. The purpose of this short article is to answer the following open question in the affirmative: do there exist two

n
×
n

n\times n

G-classes having finite intersection when

n
≥
3

n\ge 3

?
Brief Opioid Exposure Paradoxically Augments Primary Afferent Input to Spinal Excitatory Neurons via α2δ-1–Dependent Presynaptic NMDA Receptors
Authors: Chen Shao-Rui , Chen Hong , Jin Daozhong , Pan Hui-Lin
Published: November 2022

Treatment with opioids not only inhibits nociceptive transmission but also elicits a rebound and persistent increase in primary afferent input to the spinal cord. Opioid-elicited long-term potentiation (LTP) from TRPV1-expressing primary afferents plays a major role in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance. Here, we determined whether opioid-elicited LTP involves vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGluT2) or vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of male and female mice and identified underlying signaling mechanisms. Spinal cord slice recordings revealed that µ-opioid receptor (MOR) stimulation with DAMGO initially inhibited dorsal root–evoked EPSCs in 87% VGluT2 neurons and subsequently induced LTP in 49% of these neurons. Repeated morphine treatment increased the prevalence of VGluT2 neurons displaying LTP with a short onset latency. In contrast, DAMGO inhibited EPSCs in 46% VGAT neurons but did not elicit LTP in any VGAT neurons even in morphine-treated mice. Spinal superficial laminae were densely innervated by MOR-containing nerve terminals and were occupied by mostly VGluT2 neurons and few VGAT neurons. Furthermore, conditionalGrin1knockout in dorsal root ganglion neurons diminished DAMGO-elicited LTP in lamina II neurons and attenuated hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance induced by repeated treatment with morphine. In addition, DAMGO-elicited LTP in VGluT2 neurons was abolished by protein kinase C inhibition, gabapentin,Cacna2d1knockout, or disrupting the α2δ-1–NMDA receptor interaction with an α2δ-1 C terminus peptide. Thus, brief MOR stimulation distinctively potentiates nociceptive primary afferent input to excitatory dorsal horn neurons via α2δ-1–coupled presynaptic NMDA receptors, thereby causing hyperalgesia and reducing analgesic actions of opioids.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpioid drugs are potent analgesics for treating severe pain and are commonly used during general anesthesia. However, opioid use often induces pain hypersensitivity, rapid loss of analgesic efficacy, and dose escalation, which can cause dependence, addiction, and even overdose fatality. This study demonstrates for the first time that brief opioid exposure preferentially augments primary sensory input to genetically identified glutamatergic excitatory, but not GABAergic/glycinergic inhibitory, neurons in nociceptive dorsal horn circuits. This opioid-elicited synaptic plasticity is cell type specific and mediated by protein kinase C–dependent and α2δ-1–dependent activation of NMDA receptors at primary sensory nerve terminals. These findings elucidate how intraoperative use of opioids for preemptive analgesia paradoxically aggravates postoperative pain and increases opioid consumption and suggest new strategies to improve opioid analgesic efficacy.
Profile of The National Level 1 Physical Coach in 2022
Authors: Munawar Ahmad Al , Marpaung Hakim Irwandi , Azandi Fili , Abady Andi Nur
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the profile of the national level 1 physical trainer in 2022 who has an important role in athlete achievement in the world of achievement sports. This research was conducted on training participants who have passed the National Accreditation Institute for Sports (Lankor) in collaboration with STOK Bina Guna. The method used is descriptive with survey data collection techniques.

From the data obtained, it can be concluded that the profile of the national level 1 physical trainer in 2022 when viewed from the age side is still very productive, in terms of the licenses they have are already qualified as trainers even though some trainers are considered to be very beginners, in terms of the length of time they train, they are considered physical trainers. The national level 1 has experience that can be applied when training, and in terms of educational background it is still dominated by sports graduates.
Rabeprazole
Authors: Cusimano Joseph
Published: November 2022

Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid production in the stomach. Available under different brand name products as well as in a variety of combination products, rabeprazole has several medical uses concerning the management of problems of pathological gastric acid. Rabeprazole's adverse effects tend to be mild but can be serious, including deficiencies in essential nutrients, rare incidences of liver damage, and immune-mediated reactions. As a class effect, rabeprazole can increase the risk for osteoporosis, serious infections (including Clostridium difficile infections), and kidney damage. Rabeprazole can theoretically contribute to numerous drug interactions, mediated both through its metabolic properties and its direct effect on acid in the stomach, though its potential for clinically meaningful drug interactions is low. Like other medications in the proton pump inhibitor class, rabeprazole's mechanism of action involves the irreversible inhibition of proton pumps in the stomach, which are responsible for gastric acid production. Rabeprazole has a number of chemical metabolites, though it is primarily degraded by non-enzymatic metabolism and excreted in the urine. Genetic differences in a person's drug-metabolizing enzymes may theoretically affect individual responses to rabeprazole therapy, though the clinical significance of this interaction is unlikely in comparison to other proton pump inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date monograph on rabeprazole.
Experimental study of the behavior of box floor with orthogonal ribbed beams by poplar LVL
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Wang Anlian , Ji Jialong , Liu Yan , Gong Meng
Published: November 2022

Considering the unidirectional layout of ribbed beams and simple structure in traditional wooden floors, it is not suitable for large-span wooden buildings. Six groups of floor ribbed beams with plane size of 4.8 m×3.6 m were designed and manufactured by using poplar laminated veneer lumber (LVL), among which five floor specimens were orthogonal ribbed beams and the other one was traditional. A bending performance test was carried out to analyze the influence of different ribbed beam spacing and high span ratio on the mechanical performance of poplar LVL orthogonal ribbed beams, and its results were compared with that of the traditional floor with ribbed beams. The results showed that the box floors with orthogonal ribbed beams had good integrity during the bending process. Moreover, the change of the high span ratio had an important influence on the bending performance of the box floors with orthogonal ribbed beams, and the change of the spacing of the ribbed beams had a relatively small influence on the flexural performance of the box floors with orthogonal ribbed beams. Under the same conditions, the bending performance of the box floors with orthogonal ribbed beams was better than that of traditional floor.
A Survey of Virtualization Technologies: Towards a New Taxonomic Proposal
Authors: Sepúlveda Rodríguez Luis Eduardo , Chavarro-Porras Julio C. , Sanabria-Ordoñez John A. , Castro Harold E. , Matthews Jeanna
Published: November 2022

At present, there is a proliferation of virtualization technologies (VTs), which are part of the basic and underlying infrastructure of popular cloud computing. Those interested in VTs are faced with a non-unified volume of information and various approaches to modes of operation, classification structures, and the performance implications of these technologies. This makes it difficult to decide which type of VT is appropriate for a particular context. Therefore, this paper reviews the state of the art on VT taxonomic models. Methodologically, a literature review is carried out to identify VT classification models, recognizing their features and weaknesses. With this in mind, a new taxonomy of virtualization technologies is proposed, which responds to the weaknesses identified in the analyzed schemes. The new VT taxonomy combines the Abstraction Level and Virtual Machine Type approaches, providing the reader with a means to visualize VTs. In doing so, the reader can locate the level of abstraction at which each VT is developed, in addition to the type of machine projected, whether it is a complete system or an execution environment for processes. The proposed taxonomy can be used in the academic environment to facilitate teaching processes or in the business environment to facilitate decision-making when implementing VTs.
Amenazas, control y contextos: ¿qué lugar ocupan las mujeres en los relatos de varones que cometieron femicidio íntimo en Buenos Aires, Argentina?
Authors: Di Marco Martín , Fernández Martina , Talarico Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

El carácter estructural que tiene la violencia hacia las mujeres y, en particular, el femicidio en América Latina ha sido demostrado por los estudios de género, los estudios sociales de la violencia y diversas ramas de la criminología, entre otras áreas de conocimiento. No obstante, las perspectivas y visiones del mundo de quienes ejercen la violencia han sido ejes comparativamente poco explorados, más aún cuando se trata de femicidios. En este artículo nos preguntamos —en el marco de un estudio cualitativo biográfico con enfoque socio-narrativo y hermenéutico— por los modos en los que los varones que han cometido femicidio íntimo en Buenos Aires (Argentina) hablan y se refieren a las mujeres en sus narrativas. Para ello analizamos 19 entrevistas narrativas hechas a varones condenados por femicidio en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires y realizamos un análisis intertestimonial a partir de un proceso inductivo de codificación temática. Las narrativas acerca de las mujeres se organizaron en torno a tres grandes temas: la amenaza, el control y el contexto. La recurrencia de estos temas, su función estructurante de los relatos y el alcance que tienen en las racionalizaciones indican su centralidad para comprender el proceso de legitimación y neutralización de la violencia. En las narrativas las referencias a una amenaza colectiva contra el yo de los entrevistados y el uso discursivo del contexto sociopolítico son ejes salientes para pensar la interfaz entre masculinidad, violencia y cambio social. Destacamos que el cambio social en torno al estatus de las mujeres es utilizado por los varones como factor explicativo y legitimador de la violencia, lo cual es un resultado poco explorado en la literatura especializada. Discutimos la importancia de indagar en las perspectivas de los perpetradores y la centralidad de analizar la interacción entre sus narraciones y los discursos prevalentes en la sociedad.
La sociología un oficio peligroso: memoria del estigma y el silenciamiento
Authors: Beltrán Miguel Angel , Ariza Rosembert
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se presenta un avance de la investigación referida a las formas de violencia estatal contra las universidades a partir de la revisión histórica sustentada en fuentes escritas, orales y en algunos procesos de estigmatización, persecución y criminalización del quehacer sociológico que se ha dado en el desarrollo de la sociología en el país, en cuanto ésta se ha caracterizado por ser crítica frente a la realidad nacional y al propio Estado. Los departamentos de sociología se convirtieron en uno de los lugares donde el Estado activa sus estrategias de hostigamiento, señalamiento y, allí, busca criminalizar a los estudiantes y profesores que interpelan al régimen, que cuestionan el orden, y que llevan a cabo procesos sociales, políticos, y económicos dentro y fuera de la universidad. El objetivo de esta pesquisa es, precisamente, estudiar el itinerario histórico de las múltiples estrategias de estigmatización realizadas por diferentes sectores a lo largo de estos setenta años de la disciplina en Colombia. Uno de los momentos cruciales indagados fue el quiebre sociología y Estado producido por la militancia de Camilo Torres en las filas insurgentes, este hecho sin duda polarizo y produjo desconfianza institucional sobre el que hacer de los sociólogos. Otro aspecto considerado es la perspectiva de Orlando Fals Borda que, junto con otros académicos y estudiantes de distintos departamentos, constituyó una sociología que incomodaba al estatus quo y al orden establecido, hecho que suscitó distintas críticas por parte de los sectores tradicionales del poder que abogaban por una disciplina enfocada en problemas afines a los intereses del Estado. Los casos analizados nos permiten constatar como hallazgo la sistematicidad de estos hechos y afirmar que no se trata de eventos aislados o excepcionales de violencia estatal. El estudio de la judicialización y los asesinatos de sociólogos y sociólogas víctimas de la estigmatización y silenciamiento del Estado dilucida las prácticas políticas y jurídicas que se adelantan en distintos momentos del desarrollo de la sociología en nuestro país
Elimination of E. faecalis and C. albicans Biofilm: A Comparison Between Single and Multiple File Systems in an Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Méndez-González Verónica , Casillas-Contreras Claudia , Vitales-Noyola Marlen , Alvarado-Hernández Diana Lorena , González-Amaro Ana María , Aragón-Piña Antonio , Pozos-Guillén Amaury
Published: November 2022

To evaluate whether the WaveOne Gold and Reciproc single file instrumentation systems, are effective in reducing the microbial load of a mixed biofilm and the cleaning of apical third compared to the Twisted File Adaptive system (multiple-file system). Seventy mesial roots of the first and second molars were included and randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=20, n=10 controls). Biofilms were formed inside canals over 31 days. After instrumentation with the unique file systems, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc and the multiple file system Twisted File Adaptive, using 2.25% sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant in all cases, a count of colony forming units was performed using serial dilutions, cleaning of the apical third was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons amongst groups were made by using parametric and non-parametric statistics, according to a normal or non-normal data distribution, respectively.  No significant differences in the reduction of the microbial load after employing a single-file system in comparison to the multiple-file system were found; in addition, the cleaning of the apical third was similar for the three different instrumentation systems. The single-file system is equal in effectiveness compared with the multiple-file system in reducing the microbial load.
Cogon Flea Market and The Surrounding Area, A Vibrant Center
Authors: Tirol El Cid B.
Published: November 2022

The Cogon Flea Market in Tagbilaran City's Cogon neighborhood is a vibrant center facing severe challenges. The closeness determines the quality of being vibrant to daily excess requirements and other places essential to inhabitants' daily lives, and these destinations are walkable. The emphasis of this study is on the intangible qualities of social elements and their related functions. The paper required us to thoroughly examine pertinent literature, a desk review of local ordinances, oral interviews with Boholano history specialists, people of the surrounding region, and site inspection. The findings indicate a disparity in the regulation produced with the functions of the area's vibrancy, notably on the 'walkability' to satisfy the excess requirement of the inhabitants while resolving traffic congestion. It impacts the quality of life in the following ways on a macro scale: smart growth, economic consequences, health, and well-being. These findings imply that if the morphological feature of the region were altered in some way, the Center would lose its intended purpose.
Circuit managers’ views on quality education at selected public schools in the Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Ndou Nndwamato
Published: November 2022

This article is premised on the notion that the success of an education system depends entirely on the strong leadership and synergy at all its levels. The intention with this article was to assess the extent to which the circuit managers’ views on quality education is affecting its provision at public schools. A Systems Thinking Approach to Leadership guided the study reported on here in which a qualitative research methodology was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis to ensure data triangulation and guarantee the trustworthiness and credibility of the study. Ten participants were purposively selected from 5 districts in the Limpopo province. The findings reveal that circuit managers’ varied views on quality education negatively influence their curriculum delivery, support, and responsibilities entrusted to them. As there is little improvement in the provisioning of basic quality education, I argue for the strengthening of the circuit offices and suggest ways in which they could be utilised to improve the quality of basic education in public schools. The implications of the findings suggest capacity building of effective supervision and monitoring of the provision of quality support by circuit managers.
Abandoned Architectures in Santa Catarina: A window’s cartography
Authors: Nora Lucas Rodrigo , Fiorin Evandro
Published: November 2022

This article aims to identify characteristics of abandoned architecture in Santa Catarina territory through a cutout: the window. The window, as an object of study, is configured as the element that promotes the connection between the architectural space and the urban space, however, many windows of buildings in disuse no longer open and, many times, do not allow a great relationship between them. what is internal and what is external. Our observations were carried out in different parts of Santa Catarina using the Google Street View tool and the interpretations regarding the locations were described following the cartographic method of doing to know. Thus, maps and montages were organized that allow the visualization of intersections. In this sense, maps serve to promote a link between different territorialities that have common characteristics. This exercise allowed the visualization of singularities in each studied clipping. In this way, the results present some characteristics of the abandoned architectures in the state of Santa Catarina through approximations, but also, critical distance to pave the way for the deepening of research on the subject.
Analysis method of urban formation in relation to buildings of historical value: Case Study in Crissiumal/RS
Authors: Bertaluci Gabriela Luiza Leismann , Neckel Alcindo , Silva Thaísa Leal da
Published: November 2022

The formation process of cities happens due to the migratory movements that contributed to the colonization of Brazil, and is also responsible for leaving an architectural heritage of great historical and cultural importance for the future of humanity. The objective of this review is to analyze the urban insertion of the first historical and culturally valued buildings in the city of Crissiumal, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), in order to understand how they influenced the urban formation. For this, initially, the first buildings built in the city were identified, and then their insertion and their influences in relation to the formation of the urban fabric were analyzed. The research presents an analysis of maps in relation to the macro parceling, through the relationship between full and empty spaces, based on the proposal of the Inventory of Configurations of Urban Spaces - INCEU. Through research and analysis carried out from the maps created, it was possible to perceive that the buildings implanted in the immediate surroundings of Praça 25 de Julho had an influence on the urbanization and formation of the city. These buildings housed important places for society, such as City Hall, Church, Schools and Commerce. In this way, most of the new homes were built close to these places, and the city expanded from this environment.
Walking as a research modality: the three paths of Francesco Careri in São Paulo - SP
Authors: Frascareli Marina Biazotto , Fiorin Evandro
Published: November 2022

This article approaches walking as a research modality in São Paulo from the analysis of tree paths by the italian architect Francesco Careri carried out in the capital of São Paulo at diferent times. In this sense, the text written through na analysis of the practice od the patch taken in the Comunidade de São Francisco (Zona Leste), in Praça Victor Civita (Zona Oeste) and in Bixiga (Centro). In this way, the main objective of this article is to reconstruct the path of the italian architect in the city of São Paulo, as well as to analyze his experiences, relating them to work in his book: Walkscapes: o caminhar como prática estética (2013) and Caminhar e Parar (2017), thus detailing this type of research in São Paulo.
Analysis of the urban mobility of a medium-sized city in northern Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Campestrini Júlia Brum , Neckel Alcindo , Silva Thaísa Leal da
Published: November 2022

The lack of urban planning can cause several consequences for cities, especially in the face of accelerated population growth, resulting in obstacles to urban infrastructure and its services, especially in terms of mobility, making it necessary to think of strategies aimed at accessible development, and efficient and sustainable cities. In this context, the general objective of this study is to analyze the active mobility of the city of Passo Fundo/RS (Brazil), in particular, the bike paths and public transport in the city. Thus, initially, bibliographic research was carried out on the subject addressed, then data collection was carried out on the main points of public transport and cycle paths in the analyzed city. From the data collection, an analysis was carried out through maps and it was possible to perceive the importance of analyzing the urban mobility of the municipalities, which helps in the understanding of the current scenario, collaborating both in the management and in the municipal planning, as in the development of guidelines that adapt to the place in the search for a better quality of life for citizens.
Prácticas de ocio en universitarios modalidad distancia del programa Pedagogía Infantil de la Universidad del Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Tovar Torres Hernan Gilberto , Rodríguez Mendoza Gilberto , Gómez-Mazorra Mabel
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de ocio en universitarios modalidad distancia del programa académico de Pedagogía Infantil en Tolima, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo cuantitativo. Se analizan dos dimensiones del cuestionario ad hoc, “Características sociodemográficas y Prácticas de Ocio”. Resultados: los hallazgos evidencian, menos tiempo libre entre semana que los fines de semana, por alto porcentaje de ocupación laboral (60%), asimismo, los solteros y separados presentan mayor tiempo libre (50%). Predominan prácticas de ocio sedentario (ver televisión), las prácticas de fin de semana se diversifican en culturales, deportivas y recreativas. Al interior de la universidad, las prácticas se realizan con compañeros (50%), siendo las principales barreras: no tener tiempo (44%) y no tener dinero (22%). Los universitarios solicitan oferta de prácticas físico-deportivas (31%), culturales (23%) y lúdico-recreativas (17%). Conclusión: se sugiere organizar estrategias curriculares y extracurriculares que incorporen prácticas de ocio en estudiantes universitarios que fomenten el desarrollo humano.
La cadena de valor del maíz amarillo duro ecuatoriano. Retos y oportunidades
Authors: Analuisa Iván Alberto , Jimber del Río Juan Antonio , Fernández Gallardo José Antonio , Vergara-Romero Arnaldo
Published: November 2022

La cadena de valor consiste en una serie de acciones requeridas para obtener un producto o servicio; añadido valor al producto trae consigo beneficios a quienes lo producen. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las condiciones de la cadena de valor del maíz duro en Ecuador. La metodología se basa en una revisión crítica de la información documental y análisis de informaciones institucionales que describen el desempeño de los mercados de la materia prima agrícolas, la comercialización de estos actores, el funcionamiento de la cadena de valor del maíz en Ecuador y las estrategias para este producto. Uno de los resultados se plantea dentro del contexto de desarrollo del maíz ecuatoriano y sus ventajas, debido a la situación que tienen los principales exportadores en América. El apoyo que brinda el Estado a los actores sociales involucrados en la organización de la producción de maíz debe ser aprovechada a través del desarrollo de la cadena de valor.
Tesorería Nacional y Banco de la República: evidencia de la MMT para Colombia 2007-2018
Authors: Montoya Olarte Miguel Alfonso
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es el de revisar los principales planteamientos de la Teoría Monetaria Moderna (MMT, por sus siglas en inglés) y presentar, con base en esta teoría, un contraste empírico para el periodo 2007-2018, entre las operaciones de la tesorería del gobierno nacional y las operaciones monetarias del Banco de la República de Colombia. Se encontró que el déficit de la Tesorería del gobierno y los desembolsos netos de títulos TES, fueron compensados regularmente por las operaciones monetarias del Banco de la República, lo que evidenció la capacidad del emisor para controlar las tasas de interés de corto y mediano plazo, tal como lo describe la MMT. Pese a las auto restricciones legales para que el emisor financie al gobierno, los resultados presentados validan la coordinación de las operaciones fiscales y monetarias planteadas por la MMT. De acuerdo con esto, es posible tener como objetivo el pleno empleo, a través del trabajo garantizado, lo cual no obstante, debe acompañarse de un proceso de trasformación productiva.
Revisión sistemática realista sobre las opciones de incentivos en Colombia para la gestión en salud
Authors: Chamorro Cindy , Cañon Laura , Espinosa Oscar Andrés , Ramírez Jaime , Arregocés Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Los sistemas y los mercados de los servicios de salud tienen como prioridad en sus agendas de política el tema de la mejora del desempeño y la calidad de los servicios de salud a través de la incorporación de incentivos a los agentes de interés. Este trabajo responde a la pregunta de investigación sobre cómo transferir incentivos a diferentes agentes del sistema de salud en Colombia, con especial énfasis en los proveedores de servicios de salud, para mejorar su eficiencia, en términos de la calidad de los servicios de salud, minimizando las externalidades negativas. Para responder a esta inquietud se realiza una revisión sistemática realista con la extracción de información de 42 estudios. Se utiliza un modelo lógico iterativo y basado en procesos. Como resultado se identifican seis grandes mecanismos de intervención con distintos niveles de intensidad que tratan sobre la transferencia de incentivos, específicamente a proveedores de servicios de salud, teniendo en cuenta las externalidades y sus efectos en calidad y eficiencia.
Minimum Wage, Unemployment Insurance and Universal Basic Income in a Wealth Concentration Process: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ortiz Quevedo Carlos Humberto
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Ortiz and Castillo (2020) built a multisector economic model where concentration of capital ownership diminishes the society´s purchasing power capacity. After some concentration threshold is overcome, labour unemployment rises due to the lack of effective demand, the wage rate must be set to the minimum, and distribution of income shifts in favour of capital. Based on that approach, this paper analyses two alternative policies: an unemployment insurance and a universal basic income. The unemployment insurance program is fairer than the competitive outcome but it is not efficient, whilst the optimal universal basic income is fairer and efficient. An minimum wage rate that minimizes the unemployment rate is also found.
Effect of management and probiotic supplementation on growth performance of Muscovy ducks
Authors: Arias-Sosa Luis Alejandro , Rojas Alex L , Chavarro-Tulcán Isabel , Poveda-Diaz Nataly , Vargas-Puentes Jimmy
Published: November 2022

Background: Farming of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) is an important part of the poultry industry in developed countries. However, the lack of research and improvement programs has led to poor productive outcomes in developing regions where this duck breed is important to procure adequate food security. Objective: To evaluate the effect of improved management conditions and the use of commercial probiotics on the growth performance of Muscovy ducks in a semi-intensive system farm in Colombia. Methods: We recorded the weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of ducks under three treatments: Backyard management, improved management, and improved management plus probiotic supplementation. Results: The backyard farming system led to poor weight gains (male=2,797 g; female=1,605 g) and less efficient FCR (4.06). Improvement of management conditions led to a better (p<0.05) FCR (3.1) and a greater (p<0.05) weight gain (male=2,888 g; female=1,637 g). The FCR under improved management is comparable to those reported in developed duck farming industries, but the final weight was notably lower than those obtained with selected lines. The use of commercial probiotics led to significant (p<0.05) improvement in weight gain (male=2,930 g; female=1,692 g); however, it also increased the FCR (3.5; p<0.05). Conclusions: The improvement of management conditions enhance the productivity of Muscovy ducks, but further genetic selection processes or use of selected lines is required in developing countries such as Colombia. Further studies are required to assess if probiotic supplementation can lead to improvement in Muscovy ducks farming due to the contrasting effect over the weight gain and FCR.
Discovery and Design
Authors:   , Wilson Jerica Katlynn , Ji Haifeng
Published: November 2022

Drug discovery is a high-risk low reward process. To mitigate the financial repercussions and improve efficiency and efficacy, the continued incorporation of computer-based techniques is necessary. Molecular docking is an essential tool for medicinal chemists, enabling high throughput virtual screening of millions of ligands in fractions of the time and cost, in comparison to traditional screening methods. We have employed computer aided drug design to the fragment- based approach for the development of an inhibitor for the proangiogenic transport protein, TIPE2. Controlling the formation of both the leading and trailing edge of a polarized leukocyte, TIPE2 initiates a sequence of events ultimately leading to the sustainment of chronic inflammation and subsequently, tumorigenesis. Applying a quadrant grid system to our virtual screening has enabled a complete search of chemical space. High binding fragments with desired ADME properties were linked, forming a new ligand which was docked again with the protein. Ligands with the highest binding affinity underwent molecular dynamic studies to examine the stability of the binding complex. Additionally, utilizing reinforcement learning, molecular docking, and a combination of structure and fragment-based drug design techniques, we have developed a pipeline able to construct a higher binding ligand than the input screened ligands. The pipeline fragments libraries of screened drug-like ligands, identifying patterns of highest binding fragments in a protein's active site. Using reinforcement learning, the agent then builds a new ligand from the identified fragments. The pipeline has been executed with three different protein targets and has succeeded in constructing a ligand with greater binding affinity for each.
Cross-Cutting Affiliation in Regional Election in Indonesia
Authors: Sujoko Anang , Izzah Zidna Al , Wahyudi Dicky
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to reveal how the political background colors the political communication process in winning Abu (Muhammadiyah) and Lilik (Muslimat Nahdatul Ulama) in the 2018 regional election in Kediri City. This research uses qualitative research methods with instrumental case study approach, and we use data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews and documentation. The results show that the different political backgrounds of the candidates actually create cross-cutting affiliations between Muhammadiyah and NU Muslim society in Kediri City to provide support for Abu and Lilik in the Kediri City regional election. This cross-cutting affiliation is not created naturally, but is determined by ‘Wong Tebangan’ as King Maker. Political lobbying by a ‘Gus’ attracted support from several NU kyai in Kediri City. Then, holding regular NU Muslimat recitations and stall forums became a means of maintaining the integrity of support for attacks from other candidates. Finally, the research also revealed how Javanese beliefs, modern political instruments, and religion are used in winning elections.
Multiple Instagram Accounts and the Illusion of Freedom
Authors: Sokowati Muria Endah , Manda Sefia
Published: November 2022

This article is motivated by the phenomenon of the ownership of multiple accounts on Instagram among teenagers. Previous research mentioned that a second Instagram account is used to express oneself without worrying that the identity of the users will be recognized by the public. Users feel they can upload anything on Instagram’s second accounts without following Instagram rules’ pressure of perfection. The second accounts become a sphere for users to perform their self-authenticity. The researchers inquire how teenagers use and manage their multiple Instagram accounts as a sphere for exploring themselves. Reflecting on the practice of surveillance between users through social media, including Instagram, the researchers argue that second Instagram accounts function as the sphere for pseudo-liberations for its users. Hence, the researchers also question how freedom is experienced in that sphere. The researchers use digital ethnography to get the answers to the questions. As a result, since the self is socially constructed and self-authentic, the researchers found that second accounts are not liberating their users. The constructed self-authenticity has shifted from the control of their parents and other adults; to their peers’ surveillance.
Paradigm Shift: From Ownership Issues to Political Mediatization
Authors: Purnama Finsensius Yuli
Published: November 2022

The political economy approach that focuses primarily on ownership issues has reached a saturation point and, at the same time, has some limitations. It could not explain the shift that occurred in the democratization process in Indonesia regarding the use of social media in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper offers a political mediatization paradigm in the relationship between media and democracy in the 2019 Presidential Election and the democratic trend in the 1955–2019 elections. This research suggests a map of media usage and the tendency of democracy in Indonesia’s 1955 - 2019 General Election and four quadrants of media and political mediatization with two main axes. The first axis has two poles: the media that promote democracy and the media that undermine democracy, and the second axis with the poles of politicizing media and political mediatization. The first quadrant is media that promotes democracy, and there is the mediatization of politics. The second quadrant is media that promotes democracy, and political media is politicized. The third quadrant is the mediatization of politics and media that undermines democracy. The last quadrant shows the politicization of media and media that undermine democracy.
Teorização e abordagem da imigração na Ciência Geográfica: aportes para o estudo dos fluxos migratórios atuais
Authors: Georg Uebel Roberto Rodolfo
Published: November 2022

Em atenção ao aumento dos fluxos migratórios internacionais da atualidade, capitaneados por razões econômicas e sociais e motivados não só por crises humanitárias como também pelas próprias rachaduras do sistema capitalista, o pesquisador da Ciência Geográfica depara-se com uma vasta fonte de teorias e aportes bibliográficos para a compreensão de tais fenômenos. O geógrafo, por sua vez, coloca-se meio a um paradoxo de autores, correntes e escolas de pensamento, muitas vezes inaplicáveis aos fenômenos estudados. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta aportes e autores da Geografia moderna (e também descolonial) dos últimos dois séculos, que dialogam em suas discussões com os fenômenos atuais, servindo de base teórica para uma análise essencialmente geográfica das migrações internacionais contemporâneas. O trabalho não encerra a discussão sobre o tema, mas sim apresenta alternativas e possíveis abordagens ao agente-pesquisador da Ciência Geográfica para as pesquisas que envolvam a questão migratória contemporânea, sem incorrer em falácias ou abordagens descontextualizadas.
PRODUÇÃO E GESTÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO REGIONAL: AS CONSTITUIÇÕES DADAS PELO GEOPARK ARARIPE NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL.
Authors: Lima Júnior Francisco do O' de , Feitosa Douglas Rodrigues , Alves Denis Fernandes
Published: November 2022

Geoparks são espaços chancelados pela UNESCO com caracterizações bem definidas e limites espaciais dados por aspectos físicos com diferenciação que se desdobra em particularidades de formação mais ampla da identidade do território através de elementos econômicos, sociais, culturais, antropológicos que manifestam de forma tácita no cotidiano do espaço urbano-regional. O Geopark Araripe, localizado no sul do estado do Ceará, na Região metropolitana do Cariri é o único do Brasil a ter esta identificação desde 2006. O presente trabalho investiga as formas de produção e gestão do espaço urbano-regional nesta região, tendo como direcionamento as constituições fornecidas pelo Geopark Araripe. Observou-se, dentre outros aspectos, um processo de desenvolvimento mais racionalizado a partir de tais constituições contidas nos requisitos de gestão permitidos pelo Geopark vis a vis à dinâmica de crescimento do conjunto de centros intermediários que compõem o arranjo regional-urbano em estudo.
SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NO ESTUDO DA VEGETAÇÃO: PRINCÍPIOS FÍSICOS, SENSORES E MÉTODOS.
Authors: Guedes Jânio , Da Silva Sebastião Milton Pinheiro
Published: November 2022

O termo Sensoriamento Remoto foi criado para designar o desenvolvimento dessa nova tecnologia de instrumentos capaz de obterem imagens da superfície terrestre a distâncias remotas. Avanços científicos e tecnológicos, conhecimentos referentes a equipamentos, plataformas e sensores, estão cada vez mais sofisticados, fornecendo enormes quantidades de dados sobre processos e fenômenos da superfície terrestre. O elo entre os objetos da superfície terrestre e os sensores remotos que os observam é a radiação eletromagnética (REM) e, desta forma, o entendimento sobre o funcionamento das interações entre a REM e os diferentes materiais (rochas, solos, vegetação, água, construções antrópicas, p.ex.) constitui-se em requisito chave para a interpretação dos dados coletados pelos diferentes sensores. Os sistemas imageadores fornecem como produto uma imagem da área observada, como por exemplo, os “scaners” e as câmaras fotográficas, enquanto que os sistemas não-imageadores, também denominados radiômetros ou espectroradiômetros, apresentam o resultado em forma de dígitos ou gráficos, sendo classificados como sensores passivos e ativos. No estudo dos recurss naturais, os índices de vegetação, constituim-se como algumas das inúmeras opõçes no estudo do mesmo, destacando pelos seus resultados satisfatórios nos últimos anos.

Palavras chaves: Corrida espacial, Imagens de satélite, índices de vegetação.
Evaluation of efficacy of ketamine nebulization on reduction of incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat due to tracheal intubation- A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Mehta Heli , Brahmbhatt Nimisha P , Patel Ankita , Bhamri Stuti
Published: November 2022

Postoperative sore throat (POST) following endotracheal intubation during general anaesthesia (GA) is a common complication that leads to patient pain and is estimated to occur in approximately 21-65 percent of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of topical ketamine administration by nebulization in reducing the occurrence and severity of POST.

After given written informed consent, a total of 134 patients with ASA I-II in the age range of 18-60 years, of either sex, undergoing surgery under GA were selected for this prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group S received 5.0 ml saline nebulisation, while group K got ketamine 50 mg (1.0 ml) in combination with 4.0 ml saline nebulization for 15 minutes. GA was induced 10 minutes after nebulization was completed. After extubating, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-operatively, POST monitoring was performed. POST was graded on a scale of 0 to 3.

POST occurred in 44.03 percent of patients overall, with 41 patients in group S (61.19 percent) and 18 patients in group K (26.86 percent) experiencing POST throughout the study period. (0.001) (P = 0.001). At 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively, the use of ketamine nebulization significantly reduced POST (P 0.05). At 2 h (P=0.04) and 4 h (P = 0.002) postextubation, the severity of sore throat was also greater in the saline group than in the ketamine group.

Preoperative nebulized ketamine is helpful at reducing the occurrence and severity of postoperative sore throat without causing any adverse effects.
A prospective study evaluating the effect of nebulised lidocaine on haemodynamic responses during nasotracheal intubation
Authors: Gaurav Shivani , Verma Reetu , Verma Hemlata , Verma Sateesh , Kuswaha Brij , Chaudhary Ajay Kumar , Singh Dinesh
Published: November 2022

: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation result in a significant increase in haemodynamic stress response which is well tolerated by healthy patients but in patients with significant coronary artery or cerebrovascular diseases, if it is not prevented adequately may lead to myocardial ischemia and cerebral haemorrhage.

: This prospective comparative study was conducted between August 2019-July 2020 to study the effect of nebulised lidocaine on haemodynamic stress responses (primarily mean arterial blood pressure also heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure)  during nasotracheal intubation.

94 patients who underwent head and neck surgery under general anaesthesia requiring nasotracheal intubation were randomised into two groups using a computational random number, Group A (control group): was nebulised with 5 ml of normal saline. Group B: was nebulised with 5ml of Lidocaine 4% solution. Heart rate(HR), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), mean arterial blood pressure(MAP), and SpO2  were observed before and after nebulisation, just before intubation, immediately after intubation and at 3, 5 10 min after intubation.

: On comparing SBP, DBP, MAP and heart rate immediately after intubation with pre-intubation values, there was a significant surge in both groups but an increase in the control group was more in comparison to the lidocaine group(p<.05). Thereafter MAP, SBP, DBP and HR gradually decreased till the duration of study i.e. 10 minutes.

: The administration of nebulised 4% Lidocaine inhalation before induction attenuates cardiovascular response (primarily in terms of MAP also SBP, DBP and HR) that occurs due to nasotracheal intubation.
Effect of oral gabapentin as pre-emptive analgesia in total abdominal hysterectomy- A randomised prospective placebo controlled study
Authors: Sujay J. N  , Prakash B.C  , Kalaburgi Riyaj Ahmad
Published: November 2022

The postoperative period is an integral part of the surgical experience of the patient. Post-operative pain affects recovery from anaesthesia and surgery. Pre-emptive use of gabapentin speeds up recovery by decreasing post-operative pain.

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of oral gabapentin on post-operative pain scores, the request time for first analgesia and the total fentanyl requirement in 12 hours in patient undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under epidural anaesthesia.

: Eighty four patient of ASA grade I and II aged 40 to 60 years, scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy under epidural anaesthesia were included in the study. Each patient was assigned into two groups (Gabapentin group, group G or Placebo group, group P) of 42 each. Participants in the study were administered 2 capsules (either gabapentin or placebo) one hour before surgery with sips of water. 15ml of Ropivacaine 0.75% was administered into epidural space through 20 gauge epidural catheter. Pain was evaluated post-operatively using visual analogue scale (VAS). Inj. Fentanyl 30 mcg was administered through epidural catheter as rescue analgesia when patients complained of pain.

: It was observed that Pain scores were notably lesser in group G as compared to group P at all time points (P<0.05). The first analgesic request time in the control group was significantly less compared to the study group (P<0.001). The amount of fentanyl required in the control group was more compared to study group (P<0.001).

: We conclude that the pre-emptive administration of oral gabapentin 600mg significantly reduces pain scores, prolongs the time at which patient requires rescue analgesia and the amount of fentanyl needed was significantly reduced.