bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clustering-Triggered Emission of EPS-605 Nanoparticles and Their Application in Biosensing
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Shi Xiaotong , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: September 2022

Natural carbohydrates with intrinsic luminescent properties have drawn increasing attention thanks to their fundamental importance and promising applications. To expand the range of natural nonconventional biomacromolecule luminogens and to gain deep insights into their emission mechanism, we prepared EPS-605, a naturally occurring spherical nanoparticle based on negatively charged exopolysaccharides (EPS), and studied its emission behavior. It was found that EPS-605 was highly emissive in the aggregate state, such as powder and film. Furthermore, EPS-605 aqueous solutions exhibited concentration-enhanced emission characteristics. According to fluorescence spectra and confocal images, the fluorescence phenomenon of EPS-605 was not affected by the pH value and the carbon sources. The emission behavior of EPS-605 was attributed to the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. Moreover, EPS-605 was successfully utilized for Fe3+ detection since its fluorescence could be selectively quenched by Fe3+. It could be used to detect Fe3+ with a low limit of detection (0.06 μM) and a wide detection range from 0.05 to 250 μM. Overall, these findings not only benefit the exploitation of EPS-based nonconventional biomacromolecule luminogens, but also reveal the potential applications of EPS-605 in biosensing/bioimaging, anticounterfeiting, and encryption owing to its excellent biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and intrinsic photoluminescence property.
Additive Manufacturing of Anatomical Poly(d,l-lactide) Scaffolds
Authors: Puppi Dario , Pecorini Gianni , Parrini Gianluca
Published: September 2022

Poly(lactide) (PLA) is one of the most investigated semicrystalline polymers for material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) techniques based on polymer melt processing. Research on its application for the development of customized devices tailored to specific anatomical parts of the human body can provide new personalized medicine strategies. This research activity was aimed at testing a new multifunctional AM system for the design and fabrication by MEX of anatomical and dog-bone-shaped PLA samples with different infill densities and deposition angles. In particular, a commercial PLA filament was employed to validate the computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) process for the development of scaffold prototypes modeled on a human bone defect. Physical-chemical characterization of the obtained samples by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated a small reduction of polymer molecular weight (~5%) due to thermal processing, as well as that the commercial polymer employed was a semicrystalline poly(d,l-lactide). Mechanical characterization highlighted the possibility of tuning elastic modulus and strength, as well as the elongation at break up to a 60% value by varying infill parameters.
Alginate Fiber-Enhanced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels with Superior Lubricating Property and Biocompatibility
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhao Wenhui , Ning Fangdong , Zhen Jinming , Qiang Huifen , Zhang Yujue , Liu Fengzhen , Jia Zhengfeng
Published: September 2022

The design of a novel interpenetrating network hydrogel inspired by the microscopic architecture of natural cartilage based on a supramolecular sodium alginate (SA) nanofibril network is reported in this paper. The mechanical strength and toughness of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel were significantly improved after being incorporated with the alginate nanofibril network. The multiple hydrogen bonds between PVA chains and alginate fibers provided an efficient energy dissipation, thus leading to a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the PVA/SA/NaCl hydrogel. The PVA/SA/NaCl hydrogel demonstrated superior water-lubrication and load-bearing performance due to noncovalent interactions compared with pure PVA hydrogels. Moreover, the bioactivity of the PVA/SA/NaCl hydrogel was proved by the MC3T3 cell proliferation and viability assays over 7 days. Therefore, alginate fiber-enhanced hydrogels with high strength and low friction properties are expected to be used as novel biomimetic lubrication materials.
Antioxidant and Metal-Chelating Activities of Bioactive Peptides from Ovotransferrin Produced by Enzyme Combinations
Authors: Wickramasinghe Hiruni , Abeyrathne Edirisinghe , Nam Ki-Chang , Ahn Dong
Published: September 2022

Peptides produced from food sources possess numerous bioactivities that make them useful in improving human health and preventing diseases. Although many studies related to egg protein hydrolysis are available, little work has been conducted on the production of bioactive peptides from apo-ovotransferrin (OTF) using two-step enzyme hydrolysis. The objectives of this study were to produce bioactive peptides from OTF using two enzymes and to determine their functional properties. Lipolyzed OTF was prepared at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and treated with protease (3 h at 55 °C), papain (3 h at 37 °C), elastase (24 h at 25 °C), and α-chymotrypsin (3 h at 37 °C) as the first enzyme treatment. The hydrolysates from the first step of hydrolysis were treated with the above enzymes in different combinations and incubated for 24 h at their optimum temperatures, followed by heat inactivation at the end of each treatment. Based on 15% SDS-PAGE results, the nine best enzyme combinations were selected for further analysis. Papain + protease (PapPro, 0.0075 ± 0.004 malondialdehyde (MDA) mg/kg), α-chymotrypsin + papain (ChyPap, 0.081 ± 0.003 MDA mg/kg), and elastase + α-chymotrypsin (ElaChy, 0.083 ± 0.015 MDA mg/kg) showed strong antioxidant activity. PapPro showed the highest Fe-chelating activity (5.40 ± 0.85%) but lacked Cu-chelating activity. In conclusion, PapPro, ChyPap, and ElaChy treatments of OTF produced peptides with strong antioxidant and Fe-chelating activities but lacked Cu-chelating activity. Thus, ovotransferrin hydrolysates produced using PapPro, ChyPap, and ElaChy treatments have the potential to reduce oxidative stress in the body.
Excellent Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Catalytic Activities of Medicinal Plant Aqueous Leaf Extract Derived Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Amna Nisar , Ali Aldowairy Najla Nader , Saad Alorfi Hajer Saed , Aslam Mohammad , Bawazir Wafa AbuBaker , Hameed Abdul , Soomro Muhammad Tahir
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the crucial public health challenges that we need to combat. Thus, in concern over public health and the economy, controlling the emergence of infectious diseases is critical worldwide. One of the ways to overcome the influences of antimicrobial resistance is by developing new, efficient, and improved antimicrobial agents. Medicinal plant-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are under intensive examination for a variety of therapeutic purposes and targeted applications in nanomedicine and nanotechnology. Plants belonging to the genus Thevetia [Syn. Casabela], which is known for its medicinal uses and has rarely been applied for the synthesis of AgNPs, is an attractive alternative as they have a high content of secondary metabolites. Herein, using aqueous leaf extract of Cascabela thevetia, which was locally found in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, green synthesis of AgNPs is reported. Active components of Cascabela thevetia aqueous leaf extract were sufficient to reduce AgNO3 into AgNPs and stabilize them as this was confirmed through UV-Visible absorption, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), filed emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. UV-Visible, HPLC, and FTIR analysis demonstrated the presence of gallic acid in aqueous extract and solution of C-AgNPs. The spherical Cascabela thevetia derived C-AgNPs with an average diameter in the range of 20–30 nm were highly dispersed, as seen from FESEM and TEM images, and demonstrated the high antibacterial and antifungal activities when incubated with Gram-positive bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and fungi Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis). The lowest MIC values of C-AgNPs versus S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli were found. Finally, the antioxidant activity and catalytic property of C-AgNPs were assessed by neutralizing DPPH free radical and reducing methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes, respectively.
Underground Cavity Detection through Group Dispersion of a GPR Signal
Authors: Leibowitz Caleb , Weiss Anthony J.
Published: September 2022

We present a novel method for underground cavity detection using cross-borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Modeling the soil-cavity system as a filter allows us to estimate the group dispersion of the GPR signal induced by propagation through a cavity. We adopt a hypothesis-testing approach based on the observed group dispersion and propose a method which allows us to detect cavities with high probability. The proposed method is validated on both simulated and real measurements. Geologic clutter that causes conventional methods to fail has negligible impact on the efficacy of the proposed method, and the proposed method may be combined with conventional methods to provide a more robust and effective cavity-detection solution.
Cloud Contaminated Multispectral Remote Sensing Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on MobileNet
Authors: Li Xuemei , Ye Huping , Qiu Shi
Published: September 2022

Multispectral remote sensing images have shown unique advantages in many fields, including military and civilian use. Facing the difficulty in processing cloud contaminated remote sensing images, this paper proposes a multispectral remote sensing image enhancement algorithm. A model is constructed from the aspects of cloud detection and image enhancement. In the cloud detection stage, clouds are divided into thick clouds and thin clouds according to the cloud transmitability in multi-spectral images, and a multi-layer cloud detection model is established. From the perspective of traditional image processing, a bimodal pre-detection algorithm is constructed to achieve thick cloud extraction. From the perspective of deep learning, the MobileNet algorithm structure is improved to achieve thin cloud extraction. Faced with the problem of insufficient training samples, a self-supervised network is constructed to achieve training, so as to meet the requirements of high precision and high efficiency cloud detection under the condition of small samples. In the image enhancement stage, the area where the ground objects are located is determined first. Then, from the perspective of compressed sensing, the signal is analyzed from the perspective of time and frequency domains. Specifically, the inter-frame information of hyperspectral images is analyzed to construct a sparse representation model based on the principle of compressed sensing. Finally, image enhancement is achieved. The experimental comparison between our algorithm and other algorithms shows that the average Area Overlap Measure (AOM) of the proposed algorithm reaches 0.83 and the Average Gradient (AG) of the proposed algorithm reaches 12.7, which is better than the other seven algorithms by average AG 2.
Incoherent Interference Detection and Mitigation for Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radars
Authors: Xu Zhihuo , Xue Shuaikang , Wang Yuexia
Published: September 2022

Current automotive radar technology is almost exclusively implemented using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the millimeter wave bands. Unfortunately, incoherent interference is becoming a serious problem due to the increasing number of automotive radars in dense traffic situations. To address this issue, this article presents a sparsity-based technique for mitigating the incoherent interference between FMCW radars. First, a low-pass filter-based technique is developed to detect the envelope of the interference. Next, the labeled regions where interference is present are considered as missing data. In this way, the problem of mitigating interference is further formulated as the restoration of the echo using L1 norm-regularized least squares. Finally, the alternating direction method of the multipliers-based technique is applied to restore the radar echoes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed approach. Compared to state-of-the-art interference mitigation methods, the proposed method remarkably improves the quality of radar targets.
A New Optimal Subset Selection Method of Partial Ambiguity Resolution for Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Yue Caiya , Dang Yamin , Xue Shuqiang , Wang Hu , Gu Shouzhou , Xu Changhui
Published: September 2022

Rapid and accurate ambiguity resolution is the core of high-precision precise point positioning (PPP) data processing. However, the ambiguity parameters in PPP observation models are easily affected by atmospheric residual and gross errors, which lead to the probability of successfully fixing decreases and computational burden increases in full ambiguity resolution. Therefore, an increasing number of partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) strategies have been proposed. The selection of the optimal subset of PAR is crucial in this method. The traditional optimal subset selection method of PAR commonly leads to a single judgment criterion and weakened geometric configuration strength because the satellites with low elevation angles are often easily eliminated during the optimal subset selection. In this paper, a multi-factor constrained optimal subset selection method for PAR was proposed, which incorporates the ambiguity variance, the ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP), satellite position dilution of precision (PDOP) and ratio test values. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed optimal subset selection method, PAR tests under two schemes were performed for GPS/Galileo based on the static observation data of 15 Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) tracking stations. The results show that, compared with the ambiguity variance sorting method, the proposed subset selection method can further improve the accuracy of the coordinate solution and the strength of geometric figure positioning. The average root mean square of the coordinate residuals is found to decrease by about 12.90%, 6.83% and 9.39% in the eastern, northern and vertical directions, respectively. The increase in the fixed epoch rate ranged from 0.87% to 33.33%, with an average of about 8.71%.
Improving the Reconstruction of Vertical Temperature Profiles on Account of Oceanic Front Impacts
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Chen , Li Huimin , He Yijun
Published: September 2022

The application of remote sensing observations in estimating ocean sub-surface temperatures has been widely adopted. Machine learning-based methods in particular are gaining more and more interest. While there is promising relevant progress, most temperature profile reconstruction models are still built upon the gridded Argo data regardless of the impacts of mesoscale oceanic processes. As a follow-on to the previous study that demonstrates the influence of ocean fronts is negligible, we focus on the improvement of temperature profile reconstruction by introducing the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient into the neural network model. The model sensitivity assessments reveal that the normalization of the input variables achieves a higher estimation accuracy than the original scale. Five experiments are then designed to examine the model performances with or without the SST gradient input. Our results confirm that, for a given model configuration, the one with the input of the SST gradient has the lowest reconstruction bias in comparison to the in situ Argo measurements. Such improvement is particularly pronounced below 200 m depth. We also found that the non-linear activation functions and deeper network structures facilitate the performance of reconstruction models. Results of this work open new insights and challenges to refine the mapping of upper ocean temperature structures. While more relevant machine learning methods are worth further exploitation, how to better characterize the mesoscale oceanic processes from surface observations and bring them into the reconstruction models is the key and needs much attention.
A Survey of GNSS Spoofing and Anti-Spoofing Technology
Authors: Meng Lianxiao , Yang Lin , Yang Wu , Zhang Long
Published: September 2022

With the development of satellite navigation technology, the research focus of GNSS has shifted from improving positioning accuracy to expanding system application and improving system performance. At the same time, improving the survivability of satellite navigation systems has become a research hotspot in the field of navigation, especially with regard to anti-spoofing. This paper first briefly analyzes the common interference types of satellite navigation and then focuses on spoofing. We analyze the characteristics and technical mechanism of satellite navigation and the positioning signal. Spoofing modes are classified and introduced separately according to signal generation, implementation stage and deployment strategy. After an introduction of GNSS spoofing technology, we summarize the research progress of GNSS anti-spoofing technology over the last decade. For anti-spoofing technology, we propose a new classification standard and analyze and compare the implementation difficulty, effect and adaptability of the current main spoofing detection technologies. Finally, we summarize with considerations, prospective challenges and development trends of GNSS spoofing and anti-spoofing technology in order to provide a reference for future research.
Multiscale Superpixel Guided Discriminative Forest for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection
Authors: Cheng Xi , Zhang Min , Lin Sheng , Zhou Kexue , Wang Liang , Wang Hai
Published: September 2022

Recently, the isolation forest (IF) methods have received increasing attention for their promising performance in hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD). However, limited by the ability of exploiting spatial-spectral information, existing IF-based methods suffer from a lot of false alarms and disappointing performance of detecting local anomalies. To overcome the two problems, a multiscale superpixel guided discriminative forest method is proposed for HAD. First, the multiscale superpixel segmentation is employed to generate some homogeneous regions, and it can effectively extract spatial information to guide anomaly detection for the discriminative forest in local areas. Then, a novel discriminative forest (DF) model with the gain split criterion is designed, which enhances the sensitivity of the DF to local anomalies by the utilization of multi-dimension spectral bands for node division; meanwhile, the acceptable range of hyperplane attribute values is introduced to capture any unseen anomaly pixels that are out-of-range in the evaluation stage. Finally, for the high false alarm rate situation in the existing IF-based algorithms, the multiscale fusion with guided filtering is put forward to refine the initial detection results from the DF. In addition, the extensive experimental results on four real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Vegetation Growth Status and Topographic Effects in Frozen Soil Regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Wang Yanjiao , Yan Feng
Published: September 2022

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), which is known as Earth’s “Third Pole”, is a driver of global climate change, and long-term monitoring of QTP vegetation can reveal changes attributable to climatic and human influences. Previous research monitoring vegetation on the QTP focused primarily on spatiotemporal variations of vegetation indices, while few studies have considered fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in relation to topographic and frozen soil factors. We used MODIS-EVI, digital elevation models, and frozen soil data to investigate topographic effects on vegetation growth status in different soil types on the QTP during 2000–2020. (1) FVC showed a trend of increase during 2000–2020, and the FVC on the QTP decreased from the southeast to the northwest in spatial distribution. FVC in permafrost regions was the lowest, followed by seasonal frozen soil areas; FVC in unfrozen areas was the highest. (2) With increasing elevation, FVC of permafrost, seasonal frozen, and unfrozen soil areas showed downward trends for each aspect. In seasonal frozen soil areas, at elevation ≤4000 m (>4000 m), FVC of sunny (shady) slopes was greater than that of shady (sunny) slopes. In permafrost regions, except at elevations of 3000–4000 m, FVC of shady slopes was greater than that of sunny slopes. In unfrozen soil areas, at elevation >4000 m, FVC of sunny slopes was obviously greater than that of shady slopes. (3) With increasing slope, FVC in seasonal frozen and permafrost soil (unfrozen soil) regions showed a trend of increase (decrease). In seasonal frozen soil areas, FVC of sunny (shady) slopes was greater than that of shady (sunny) slopes on slopes ≤6° (>6°). In permafrost regions, FVC of sunny slopes was less than that of shady slopes. With increasing slope, the influence of aspect became more obvious. In unfrozen soil areas, FVC of sunny slopes was slightly greater than that of shady slopes. Topographic effects especially the elevation and slope effects might significantly affect the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation growth status in frozen soil regions on the QTP.
Automatic Defect Detection of Pavement Diseases
Authors: Zhao Langyue , Wu Yiquan , Luo Xudong , Yuan Yubin
Published: September 2022

Pavement disease detection is an important task for ensuring road safety. Manual visual detection requires a significant amount of time and effort. Therefore, an automated road disease identification technique is required to guarantee that city tasks are performed. However, due to the irregular shape and large-scale differences in road diseases, as well as the imbalance between the foreground and background, the task is challenging. Because of this, we created the deep convolution neural network—DASNet, which can be used to identify road diseases automatically. The network employs deformable convolution instead of regular convolution as the feature pyramid’s input, adds the same supervision signal to the multi-scale features before feature fusion, decreases the semantic difference, extracts context information by residual feature enhancement, and reduces the information loss of the pyramid’s top-level feature map. Considering the unique shape of road diseases, imbalance problems between the foreground and background are common, therefore, we introduce the sample weighted loss function. In order to prove the superiority and effectiveness of this method, it is compared to the latest method. A large number of experiments show that this method is superior in accuracy to other methods, specifically, under the COCO evaluation metric, compared with the Faster RCNN baseline, the proposed method obtains a 41.1 mAP and 3.4 AP improvement.
Miniaturized Parasitic Loaded High-Isolation MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications
Authors: Ravi Kiran Chand , Kumar Jayendra
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is reported for 5G frequency range-2 (FR-2), 28 GHz bands. The MIMO antenna is developed in multiple iterations, including single-element design, cross-polarization reduction, and mutual coupling reduction. Initially, a single-element coplanar edge feed rectangular patch antenna is designed and the E-plane cross-polarization is reduced by −13 dB by trimming the forward corners of the patch. The ground plane is truncated to improve the −3 dB half-power-beamwidth (HPBW). A multi-wavelength spiral inspired parasitic surrounding the single element antenna is loaded, and performance analysis is performed. This parasitic element is used for self-field cancelation for the MIMO configuration. Two MIMO configurations, one with linear and the second with inverted elements, are developed and investigated. The first configuration is found to have better isolation of less than −25 dB compared to the −20 dB of the second configuration. Similarly, the gain of 4.8 dBi, the bandwidth of 3 GHz, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.01, and diversity gain (DG) of 9.99 dB are superior to the second configuration. To validate the work, one of two MIMO configurations is fabricated and good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results.
Tactile Pressure Sensors Calibration with the Use of High Pressure Zones
Authors: Zvyagin Petr
Published: September 2022

A simple and cost-effective calibration procedure for piezoresistive ink tactile pressure sensors is crucial for their use in geotechnical research applications. Such a procedure should be applicable in field conditions and require a minimum amount of equipment. The paper describes a new method for calibrating tactile pressure sensors with 8-bit sensels’ output. The method is based on the approximation of a single sensel output and consideration of multiple calibration patches. The advantage of the developed method is using local high-pressure zones in calibration patches. The developed method has been successfully applied in calibration of two 5051-350 Tekscan sensors by means of three dead weights: 2 kg, 5 kg and 10 kg. One calibrated sensor was new, and another one had been previously used in the harsh environment of the ice tank in the experiment with model ice. The calibration curves for these two sensors did not reveal a significant difference. For 72% of the 150 obtained load patches in calibration, the absolute discrepancy of actual and calibrated load occurred to be less than 5%.
Smartphone-Based Social Distance Detection Technology with Near-Ultrasonic Signal
Authors: Jia Naizheng , Shu Haoran , Wang Xinheng , Xu Bowen , Xi Yuzhang , Xue Can , Liu Youming , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2022

With the emergence of COVID-19, social distancing detection is a crucial technique for epidemic prevention and control. However, the current mainstream detection technology cannot obtain accurate social distance in real-time. To address this problem, this paper presents a first study on smartphone-based social distance detection technology based on near-ultrasonic signals. Firstly, according to auditory characteristics of the human ear and smartphone frequency response characteristics, a group of 18 kHz–23 kHz inaudible Chirp signals accompanied with single frequency signals are designed to complete ranging and ID identification in a short time. Secondly, an improved mutual ranging algorithm is proposed by combining the cubic spline interpolation and a two-stage search to obtain robust mutual ranging performance against multipath and NLoS affect. Thirdly, a hybrid channel access protocol is proposed consisting of Chirp BOK, FDMA, and CSMA/CA to increase the number of concurrencies and reduce the probability of collision. The results show that in our ranging algorithm, 95% of the mutual ranging error within 5 m is less than 10 cm and gets the best performance compared to the other traditional methods in both LoS and NLoS. The protocol can efficiently utilize the limited near-ultrasonic channel resources and achieve a high refresh rate ranging under the premise of reducing the collision probability. Our study can realize high-precision, high-refresh-rate social distance detection on smartphones and has significant application value during an epidemic.
Production of Chiral (S)-2-Phenyl-1-Propanol by Enantioselective Biocatalysts
Authors: Lajtai-Szabó Piroska , Bagó Tímea Brigitta , Nemestóthy Nándor
Published: September 2022

Enantioselective production of (S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol is important as in order to be applied in industry, a high degree of optical purity is required. Besides organocatalysts and metal complexes, biocatalysts can be used for its synthesis in their isolated form or as whole-cell biocatalysts, both of which have various advantages and disadvantages. In this research, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a whole-cell biocatalyst, and recombinant horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), as an isolated enzyme, were investigated in terms of their activity, kinetics and enantioselectivity. In the case of yeast, therate of cofactor regeneration was twice that of substrate conversion, moreover, the biocatalyst Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be characterised by substrate-limited kinetics and low  nantioselectivity. In contrast, the isolated enzyme recombinant horse-liver ADH exhibited biphasic kinetics and cofactor regeneration was the rate-limiting step. The outstanding enantioselectivity of recombinant horse-liver ADH renders it a promising catalyst for the purpose of this synthesis.
PREDICTORS OF COMPUTERIZED ELECTROACUPUNCTURE EFFICACY IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA TREATMENT
Authors: Golubtsova Tat'yana Sergeevna , Yudina Elena Evgen'evna , Pribylova Svetlana Alekseevna , Kerova Irina Rinatovna , Peskov Andrey Borisovich , Volkov Maksim Anatol'evich , Khokhlov Mikhail Pavlovich , Kostishko Boris Mikhaylovich
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study is to evaluate the significance of the initial clinical parameters of patients with bronchial asthma while predicting the efficacy of computerized electroacupuncture (CEAP).
Materials and Methods. The two-stage study included 120 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). During the first stage, group OI underwent 3 CEAP monthly courses, while group P was treated with standard pharmacotherapy. Based on the results of the first study stage, patients were included in group OII, which consisted of a subgroup with expected good CEAP efficacy (group OII1) and a subgroup with expected insufficient CEAP efficacy (group OII2). Group OII underwent 3 monthly CEAP courses, which consisted of five daily events.
Results. After three CEAP courses, group OI demonstrated a high proportion of patients with good and complete BA control.
According to asthma controllability, patients were stratified into 4 subgroups: OI1 – patients of the main group 1 with improved disease control (n=20); OI2 – patients of the main group 1 with unchanged disease control (n=20); P1 – patients of the reference group with improved disease control (n=10); Р2 – patients of the reference group with unchanged disease control (n=30). The retrospective analysis showed no significant differences between respiratory function parameters in CT 1 and 2 in groups OI1 and OI2. The authors analyzed electrical resistance (ER) dynamics of all biologically active points (BAP) during the first CEAP course in group OI: the difference between the total indicators of the initial and final ER of all BAPs gradually increased. Thus, we considered it possible to apply ES indicators of BAPs to predict CEAP efficacy. There was a correlation between BA controllability and ES of BAT, as registered in the first two CEAP sessions in group OI. It was supposed to calculate the indicator of the expected treatment efficacy (IETE). IETE predicted negative treatment outcomes in 100 % of cases (sensitivity – 100 %, specificity – 100 %). Prediction of a positive effect was less accurate: sensitivity – 70 %, specificity – 80 %. The sensitivity of the prediction of dynamics absence was 80 %, specificity – 70 %.
Conclusion. It is inappropriate to use the initial parameters of respiratory function as predictors of CEAP efficacy in BA treatment. IETE is an objective measurable indicator of BAPs and can be used to predict CEAP efficacy in BA treatment.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM: CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Makarova Nadezhda Vasil'evna , Busalaeva Elena Isaakovna , Tuyzarova Irina Alekseevna , Vize-Khripunova Marina Anatol'evna
Published: September 2022

Vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, especially deep, is an acute condition which develops under the influence of multiple factors. In this case, the immediate threat to the patient’s life is associated with the development of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). A wide range of symptoms accompanied by the underlying disease manifestations determines patient's grave condition, complicates timely diagnosis and treatment, contributes to a poor prognosis and high mortality. Thus, the risk ratio of PE development should be assessed in all patients, regardless of age. The article provides data on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features and diagnosis of thromboembolic complications in real clinical practice.
The paper describes a clinical case of community-acquired pneumonia in a young man with asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and the development of multiple pulmonary embolism. A combination of diseases determined the severity of patient’s state, the challenges of intravital diagnosis of the concomitant pathology and a poor prognosis due to such a combination. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy by the detection of various clots in the lung vascular bed.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EVALUATION OF APC, GSTP1 AND RASSF1A METHYLATION LEVEL AS A PROSTATE CANCER MARKER
Authors: Aboyan Igor' Artemovich , Fedotova Ekaterina Nikolaevna , Maksimov Aleksey Yur'evich , Komarova Ekaterina Fedorovna
Published: September 2022

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common oncological diseases, ranking fourth in the global mortality structure. Due to the absence of clinical manifestations in the early stages, and poor methods of differential laboratory diagnostics, the search for sensitive minimally invasive prostate cancer (PC) markers remains relevant.
The aim of the study was to analyze APC, GSTP1 and RASSF1A methylation levels in biological material in prostate pathologies and their effectiveness in PC detection.
Materials and Methods. For molecular genetic study of APC, GSTP1 and RASFF1A methylation levels by molecular-specific PCR test, the authors used genomic DNA isolated from samples of post-massage urine, blood plasma and biopsy material from patients with PC (n=34) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n=27). The control group consisted of 20 men without any identified pathology. Analysis of molecular-specific PCR products was carried out by 2 % agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results. The average APC, GSTP1, and RASFF1A methylation level was mainly noted in all types of biological material. There were statistically significant differences between groups with pancreatic pathologies, taking into account biological material. The evaluation of the odds ratio of PC detection showed that the hypermethylated APC in post-massage urine, GSTP1 in blood plasma, and RASFF1A in biopsy material increased the probability of PC detection by 2.5, 12.1, and 4.1 times, respectively. Low sensitivity (55.3 %) and high specificity (87 %) of PC diagnostics in terms of APC methylation in post-massage urine, GSTP1 in blood plasma, and RASFF1A in biopsy material were shown. With the combined use of the methylation gene status, the sensitivity was 65.2 %, and the specificity was 82.4 %. When the total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was added to the panel, the indices were 79.1 % and 82.9 %, respectively.
Conclusion. APC methylation levels in post-massage urine, GSTP1 in blood plasma, and RASSF1A in biopsy can be considered as highly specific diagnostic PC markers. The combined use of these indicators increases the specificity of diagnosis in comparison with the initial PSA level. When included in the panel, the latter also increases the panel sensitivity for PC detection.
CHANGE OF THE NOMINATIVE PARADIGM IN THE ERGONYMIC SPACE OF THE MODERN CITY
Authors: Шилей О. В.
Published: September 2022

The names of urban objects that form the ergonymic space of a modern city represent an inexhaustible source of material for research. The interest in this layer of vocabulary is explained by a phenomenon common for cities in the post-Soviet space, which in literature referred to as the “onymic explosion”. The essence of this phenomenon lies in the fact that a large number of new names of enterprises have appeared in a relatively short period of time. The number of city objects’ names has increased, on the one hand, because existing enterprises were renamed, and each store, hairdresser, cafe acquired its own unique name. On the other hand, in a market economy, a large number of new organizations with new names have appeared. This trend continues at the present time, and the ergonymic space of the city is characterized by great dynamism: new enterprises are constantly emerging, for various reasons enterprises cease their existence. At the same time, not only the number of names is changing, new techniques and methods of nomination are constantly emerging. These factors explain the high attention of researchers to the issues of ergonymy. This article attempts to consider what methods and principles nominators employ at the present stage to create the names of organizations, mainly commercial ones. The author draws attention to the fact that there has been a certain shift recently in the field of nomination, which is manifested in a decrease in the number of names formed by the "traditional" methods (noun, adjective + noun, numeral + noun, etc.), in favor of new ways, such as imperative forms, over-phrasal unities. In addition, the article examines new motivational grounds used in the nomination process, that reflect the current aspects of modern society and word formation.
Parental attitudes of mothers raising sons with Crohn's disease
Authors: Weryszko Małgorzata , Rejmer Izabela
Published: September 2022

The article describes the issues and presents research on parental attitudes of mothers towards somatically ill children. The analysis of the issue includes the mother's point of view as well as the child's point of view. The conducted research shows a relationship between the assessment of parental attitudes of mothers and their assessment of their sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's somatic disease. They point to the differences in the perception of mothers' parental attitudes from these two perspectives. They also show the relationship between the child's age and the mother's attitude. The study included 30 mothers and their 30 teenage sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's disease.
Role and tasks of the midwife as a member of the hospice perinatal care team
Authors: Poryszewska Adriana , Stefaniak Małgorzata , Dmoch-Gajzlerska Ewa , Mazurkiewicz Barbara
Published: September 2022

An unsuccessful prenatal diagnosis is a traumatic experience for parents expecting the birth of a child. Hospice Perinatal Care is aimed at families who are experiencing an unsuccessful prenatal diagnosis. It is a form of help and support by providing individualised care to the woman and her loved ones, tailored to their needs and expectations. One member of the hospice perinatal care team is the midwife. The aim of this article is to present the role of the midwife and the tasks of individual specialists in the therapeutic management of a pregnant woman with a prenatally diagnosed lethal defect in the fetus. The role and tasks of the midwife as a member of the team taking care of a pregnant patient with a diagnosed fetal lethal defect is primarily to accompany the woman during this difficult period, provide emotional support and prepare parents for the birth of a sick child and focus activities on the real needs of parents and adapt to their expectations.
Communication in logotherapy as phenomenological cognition of another human being
Authors: Sipowicz Kasper , Podlecka Marlena , Pietras Tadeusz
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to outline the issue of communication in logotherapy on the basis of existential communication, which is the foundation of phenomenological cognition of another human being. The basic assumptions of logotherapy have been presented in the context of the issue of the location of psychotherapy in relation to the question of its essence, and at the same time the basic catalyst for therapeutic change – the techniques developed on the basis of empirical evidence, or a therapeutic relationship. The next part of the article outlines the form of existential communication according to K. Jaspers in the context of phenomenological cognition of another human being.  On the background of logotherapy, the meeting of Me and You, full of authentic acceptance and devoid of ready-made interpretative patterns, allows us to discover the freedom “to”, which provides a space for authentic selection and implementation of values, taking responsibility for one’s own existence, and consequently – experiencing the meaning of life.
Belonging to religious communities–a source of stress or satisfaction? Analysis of gender differences
Authors: Pilarska Natalia
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Dialogue is an inseparable element of the functioning of social groups, including religious communities. The article shows how being in dialogue with God and people by belonging to religious communities among young Catholics corresponds with the perceived stress in its various areas (e.g. related to health, interpersonal relations, socioeconomic conditions or religiosity) and with life satisfaction, both in the group of boys and men, as well as in the group of girls and women. Method: The gender differences in the identified 18 areas of experienced stress and life satisfaction were analyzed. The study was conducted using the author’s questionnaire and the SWLS scale in the paper-and-pencil version on a group of 407 young Catholics belonging and not belonging to religious communities. Results: The results indicate that belonging to a religious community differentiates the level of experienced stress only in the area of religiosity (no differences were noted in terms of stress as a whole) and differentiated the level of life satisfaction. It turns out that gender differentiates the level of experienced stress both in the group of people belonging and not belonging to the religious community and in the entire studied sample. Women in all groups are characterized by a higher level of experienced stress. Selected areas of experienced stress, which are differentiated by gender and which concern interpersonal relations and the political situation, have been described. Gender also differentiates the level of life satisfaction. In the entire group of respondents, men indicate a higher level of life satisfaction than women. Life satisfaction, on the other hand, negatively correlates with the assessment of experienced stress, which is confirmed by the already existing reports on this subject. Conclusions: Persons belonging to religious communities, treating religiosity as an important value in their lives, feel a higher level of stress in this area. In addition, they experience stress on a very similar level to that of their non-religious peers, but at the same time they are characterized by a higher level of life satisfaction. The results of the study indicate the potential of religious communities and suggest a special sensitivity towards girls and women whose psychological situation is more difficult in the area of experienced stress and life satisfaction than the assessment of these aspects by boys and men.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Astra International Tbk Daihatsu Banjarmasin
Authors: Sapar Jhony Fahrin
Published: September 2022

Job satisfaction is an emotional state that is pleasant or unpleasant for employees to view their work. Organizations that are not able to provide job satisfaction to their employees, will face the risk of productivity, increased turnover and high levels of employee absenteeism and allows increased work accidents, decreased physical and mental health of employees. Therefore, business organizations need to try to minimize the possibility of risk due to job dissatisfaction.The study tries to describe the actual situation regarding job satisfaction and motivation affect the performance of employees of PT. Astra International Tbk Daihatsu Banjarmasin.The research population is the entire subject to be studied. The subjects studied here are all employees of PT. Astra International Tbk Daihatsu Banjarmasin, totaling 80 (eighty) people. While the samples taken were 76 (seventy six) people.Employee job satisfaction affects performance while the factors that influence it are socially, physically and financially, the most influential factor is the financial factor because employees really hope that the company provides bonuses and incentives, the measurement of SPSS data processing uses a Likert scale to measure social factors , physical factors.
Examining Passengers’ Satisfaction with Public Transportation in The Rise of Health Concerns
Authors: Gunawan Arie Indra , Primayandi Arizzal , Nurkholik Dlukha
Published: September 2022

As the most frequently used mode of public transportation, train service providers must ensure the safety of passengers since the rise in health concerns. PT KAI has implemented health regulations in line with government recommendations. However, it is necessary to understand, measure, and accommodate passengers' perceptions of service quality as a way of enhancing safety. This study employs a quantitative approach by collecting online questionnaires from 404 passengers who use long-distance train services in Bandung Station. The data analysis is carried out using SPSS and SEM-PLS methods. The result shows that passengers perceived the safety, service quality, satisfaction, and reuse intention positively. Then, perceived safety and perceived service quality influenced passengers’ satisfaction. In addition, the satisfaction increased willingness to reuse intentions for long-distance train services. Thus, companies must be able to build a positive experience for their passengers and convince them that it is safe and suitable to use public transportation.
Kualitas Audit, Good Corporate Governance, Struktur Kepemilikan, Leverage, dan Manajemen Laba Riil BUMN Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Anggun Putri , Surifah Surifah
Published: September 2022

This research is aim to understanding about influence audit quality, good corporate governance, ownership structure and leverage towards real earnings management. Real earnings management in this research be measured with abnormal cash flow, abnormal discresionary expenses and abnormal production cost, and be examined with regretion multivariate model. This research in taking sample is using purposive sampling model with a final sample amount of 140 sample during 2015-2020 period. The result of hypothesis test is only two hypothesis are supported, that is the independent audit committee and foreign instance ownership significantly negative effect towards riil earnings management through reduce discreationary cost. While audit quality variable, independent board of commissioners, government ownership, domestic instance ownership, private ownership and leverage canâ€™t be proven to affect riil earnings management.
Fenomena Underpricing Pada Penawaran Perdana (IPO)
Authors: Saputri Evieana Riesty
Published: September 2022

This study aims to confirm whether ROA, PER, underwriter reputation, company size, percentage of shares offered to the public, and company age affect the level of underpricing. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of data in this study, namely secondary data. The research population is companies that have conducted IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020 to 2021 period. The sample used in this study was 93 companies. The results of this study indicate that of all the independent variables, it is proven that there is one that has a significant influence on the dependent variable. Based on the hypothesis testing conducted, the ROA and PER variables affect the level of underpricing. As for the underwriter reputation variable, the percentage offered to the public, the size of the company, and the age of the company have no effect on the level of underpricing. After conducting research, it is proven that there are differences in the level of underpricing in 2020 and 2021.Â