bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’imagination au cœur de l’économie de l’attention : L’optimisme sémantique de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Loute Alain
Published: March 2021

Cet article se donne pour objet la conception sémantique de l’ima­gination développée par Paul Ricœur. Ce dernier opère une reprise de l’ima­gination productrice kantienne en l’introduisant dans le champ du langage. Après avoir explicité cette conception de l’imagination, l’article cherche à démontrer la portée et l’implication pratiques de l’imagination. « Portée » pratique, car pour Ricœur « pas d’action sans imagination » et l’imagination est ce qui nous introduit à l’éthique. « Implication » pratique, car il aura à de nombreuses reprises dégagé différentes tâches éthiques et politiques dont la finalité est de garder nos traditions vivantes et de garantir l’exercice de l’imagination productrice. La suite du texte entend alors questionner cette conception de l’imagination en se demandant si la position de Ricœur ne peut pas être qualifiée d’« optimisme sémantique », allant jusqu’à poser l’hypo­thèse d’une crise actuelle de l’imagination qu’il semblerait bien en peine d’identifier. Une telle crise peut être identifiée à travers les effets que suscite aujourd’hui la constitution progressive d’une véritable « économie de l’attention ». Pour de nombreux auteurs, ce phénomène de captation et d’éco­nomisation de notre attention aurait pour effet de canaliser et de fragmenter le travail de l’imagination. Le texte se termine en tentant de dégager des pistes pour repenser les liens entre imagination et attention, en se penchant notamment sur des réflexions de jeunesse de Ricœur portant sur le concept d’attention.
Imagination and the Image: A Revised Phenomenology of Imagination and Affectivity
Authors: Nir Erez
Published: March 2021

In this paper I offer a critical revision of the main thematic phenomenological writings on imagination by Sartre and Edward Casey based on the following three criteria: 1. the sufficiency of their respective sui generis accounts of imagination. 2. The capacity of their respective frameworks to account for imagination’s rich affectivity. 3. Their ability to provide a coherent and purely transcendental description of the difference between imagination and perception. I argue that in both Sartre and Casey the problematic aspects of their theories derive from focusing solely on the nature of the imaginative object at the expense of the imaginative experience as a whole. Using Husserl’s transcripts on the subject, I suggest a new phenomenological analysis of imagination as the direct intuition of the experience of the object instead of an intuition of an object in a possible mode. I argue that in imagination the object is present in a marginal way and what is directly experienced is the object’s affective form, which is an intuitive aspect of the object’s value qualities. This analysis shows that the intentional presence of value qualities in objects, and the general presence of value in the world is always connected to the way we imagine objects and not the way we perceive them, and that the value of things is better to be called their imaginative structure.
A quantum lower bound for distinguishing random functions from random permutations
Authors: Yuen Henry
Published: March 2021

The problem of distinguishing between a random function and a random permutation on a domain of size $N$ is important in theoretical cryptography, where the security of many primitives depend on the problem's hardness. We study the quantum query complexity of this problem, and show that any quantum algorithm that solves this problem with bounded error must make $\Omega(N^{1/5}/\polylog N)$ queries to the input function. Our lower bound proof uses a combination of the Collision Problem lower bound and Ambainis's adversary theorem.
Small sets of locally indistinguishable orthogonal maximally entangled states
Authors: Cosentino Alessandro , Russo Vincent
Published: March 2021

We study the problem of distinguishing quantum states using local operations and classical communication (LOCC). A question of fundamental interest is whether there exist sets of $k \leq d$ orthogonal maximally entangled states in $\complex^{d}\otimes\complex^{d}$ that are not perfectly distinguishable by LOCC. A recent result by Yu, Duan, and Ying [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 020506 (2012)] gives an affirmative answer for the case $k = d$. We give, for the first time, a proof that such sets of states indeed exist even in the case $k < d$. Our result is constructive and holds for an even wider class of operations known as positive-partial-transpose measurements (PPT). The proof uses the characterization of the PPT-distinguishability problem as a semidefinite program.
Quasiparticle localisation via frequent measurements
Authors: Herrera-Marti David A. , Li Ying , Kwek Leong Chuan
Published: March 2021

Topological quantum memories in two dimensions are not thermally stable, since once a quasiparticle excitation is created, it will delocalise at no energy cost. This places an upper bound on the lifetime of quantum information stored in them. We address this issue for a topological subsystem code introduced in [Bravyi S.{\em et al.}, Quant.~Inf.~Comp.~13(11):0963]. By frequently measuring the gauge operators of the code, a technique known as Operator Quantum Zeno Effect [Li Y. {\em et al.}, preprint arXiv:1305.2464], the dynamics responsible for quasiparticle motion is suppressed, and can eventually be ``frozen" in the large frequency limit. A feature of this method is that the density operator of the code does not commute with the measurement operators, so the density matrix will be randomised after a few measurements. However the logical operators commute with the measurement operators and are thus protected.
On the spectral dependence of separable and classical correlations in small quantum systems
Authors: McConnell Gary , Jennings David
Published: March 2021

We study the correlation structure of separable and classical states in $2\times2$-~and~$2\times3$-dimensional quantum systems with fixed spectra. Even for such simple systems the maximal correlation - as measured by mutual information - over the set of unitarily accessible separable states is highly non-trivial to compute; however for the $2\times2$ case a particular class of spectra admits full analysis and allows us to contrast classical states with more general separable states. We analyse a particular entropic binary relation on the set of spectra and prove for the qubit-qutrit case that this relation alone picks out a unique classical maximum state for mutual information. Moreover the $2\times3$ case is the largest system with such a property.
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET OF TECHNICAL SERVICING AND REPAIR IN THE СONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC
Authors: Tettsoeva O. A.
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has made adjustments to the development of the country’s economy in terms of changing its structure in the industry context. The business community will invest in industries that will maximize profits with low payback periods. Currently, at a time of decreasing automotive production caused by the suspension of the plants in the period of lockdown, the reduction in purchasing power of communities connected with the risk of unemployment occurrence in consequence of business failures, the decline in wages and lower vacancy rates, is foreseen reduced demand for new cars against the background of significant increase in sales volumes in the used cars market segment and, therefore, sharp increase in demand for car services performing technical servicing and repair. In a competitive environment, it is the client of the car service who will determine the direction of business development, which will be carried out on the basis of digital technologies.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERAL CHANNELS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Akopyan A. R. , Arakelyan A. M. , Vorontsova Yu. V. , Krysov V. V.
Published: March 2021

The authors carry out a study of the influence of various factors on the content of Russian federal channels. Using content analysis of the broadcast data were obtained to identify the influence of factors, characteristic for the stage of formation of a consumer society in Russia on the content of television channels and the analysis of conformity of telecasts the authors developed, criteria that have been formed and considered together with current trends in society related to the digitalization processes, and preferences of Russians. Television is an important social institution that should not only reflect the current situation in society, but also broadcast certain behaviors, culture and values. Television content requires a lot of attention, because now there are significant changes in the individual in the new conditions of digital communication. Modern television content should move away from the simple model of mass culture, which is based on a standardized approach based on entertainment content. Content should take into account modern consumer values.
ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF SPECIALISTS TRAINED FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kruglova E. L.
Published: March 2021

The article describes and analyses the results of the monitoring carried out following the results of the training of specialists trained for organizations of the national economy of the Russian Federation in accordance with the state plan for the training of management personnel. The data of the last monitoring of the 2019/2020 academic years were compared with the results of previous years using general scientific and specific sociological methods. Based on the results of the analysis, the author proposes changes and innovations in the methodology for assessing the professional competence of the graduates of the Program. The assessment methodology has a clear structure, stages, uses mathematical tools to calculate the level of competence in order to exclude subjectivity in the analysis.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR AND LEISURE PRACTICES OF SHADOW SELF-EMPLOYED IN THE PHYSICAL LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA
Authors: Yurasov I. A. , Tanina M. A. , Yudina V. A. , Kuznetsova E. V.
Published: March 2021

Blue-collar self-employment occupies about 23 – 25 % in the structure of the Russian economy and is the most difficult for sociological analysis due to its isolation from the outside world. The most acceptable methods of sociological analysis of the self-employed in the field of physical labor are observation, observation is included, an unstructured interview in a relaxed atmosphere, since they are very closed and careful, understanding the secrecy and illegality of their employment. The blue-collar self-employed demonstrate a specific “kulak” mentality that combines hard work, social flexibility, a low horizon for strategic planning of personal and work life, adventurism, mobility, self-exploitation, greed, mercantilism, and socio-cultural limitations. By their stratification nature, the blue-collar self-employed are reviving the archaic Russian urban class with its specific mentality, habits, and way of life. The blue-collar self-employed exhibit a hedonistic, prestigious form of consumption. Thanks to their income, they have made physical labor in the form of free self-employment very prestigious in the modern Russia.
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: Gavva R. V. , Lozhkomoeva E. N.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the essence and role of strategic planning in the activities of organizations of the tourism industry. The paper shows that the concept of the life cycle of tourist services can serve as a justification for strategic management decisions. The authors formulate the main approaches to the study of the life cycle of tourist services. The study determines the directions of using information at different stages of the life cycle of services in the field of tourism. The article proposes approaches to the operational definition of the type of service and the stage of its life cycle, which contributes to the adoption of sound strategic management decisions that ensure the effective, stable operation of tourist organizations. The paper determines that the modern development of the tourism market should be based on a combination of regional, Federal, national, and international tourism policies that combine strategic planning with the tasks and needs of the short-term perspective.
Neurological diseases caused by coronavirus infection of the respiratory airways
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Khan Adeel , Sundar Wish Hal , Naseem Humaira , Chen Wanghao , Feng Jia , Durrani Samran , Chen Lukui
Published: March 2021

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) infections are critical problems for public health. They are caused by several different organisms, including the respiratory coronaviruses (CoVs). CoVs usually infect the upper respiratory tract causing the common cold. However, in infants, and in elderly and immunocompromised persons, they can also affect the lower respiratory tract causing pneumonia and various syndromes of respiratory distress. CoVs also have neuroinvasive capabilities because they can spread from the respiratory tract to the CNS. Once infection begins in the CNS cells, it can cause various CNS problems such as status epilepticus, encephalitis, and long‐term neurological disease. This neuroinvasive properties of CoVs may damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune response, which could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus‐induced neuro‐immunopathology) or associated with viral replication directly causing damage to the CNS cells (virus‐induced neuropathology). In December 2019, a new disease named COVID‐19 emerged which is caused by CoVs. The significant clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 are related to the respiratory system, but they can also affect the CNS, causing acute cerebrovascular and intracranial infections. We describe the possible invasion routes of coronavirus in this review article, and look for the most recent findings associated with the neurological complications in the recently published literature.
Architecturalising Aged Care Delivery for Urban Dwelling Elderly
Authors:   , Leech Emma
Published: March 2021

The world’s demographics are drastically changing, with people living longer and are healthier as they age (WHO, 2018). By 2050 the world’s population over

65 years old will be 17% almost double 8.5% in 2015 (Cire, 2016). Architecture for aged care, evolved out of necessity to separate sick aging people to reduce their chance of mortality and exposure to disease. The typology of care has taken on a more homelike approach over the last 60 years as research suggests that better health outcomes and better quality of life can be observed through the familiar vernacular of home (de Veer and Kerkstra, 2001). In many cultures the retirement village is the epitome of this home-like approach. This thesis argues that the lack of integration between this typology and the surrounding neighborhoods both suburban and urban, create social and physical separation between elderly and their communities.

This research explores how architecture can deliver aged care services to make ageing at home in an urban environment more accessible within the context of a central Tokyo intersection. Using the underlying weaknesses of current systems of care delivery identified through the literature review this research begins the conversation on how architecture can frame the facilitation of care and the possibilities for future design responses. Through the design process, combating segregation of elderly individuals while balancing their privacy needs and independence has determined the ideas behind design experimentation and creation.

The outcome of this research is an understanding of architectures role within aged care. The support from the environment is not only vital physically but can significantly contribute to wellness. As well as this the research reinforces the scope of alternative solutions possible when working with an established rich urban environment inherently more focused on connection. A significant move into an urban space will result in a care environment that is connected with its surroundings instead of designed in isolation. Application of this research to current aged care facility environments could create a first step of developing greater scope of connection between a facility space and a community model of care.
Bidirectional Relationship between Stock Market Decline and Liquidity: A Study of Emerged & Emerging Economies
Authors: Maria Shams Khakwani  , Rehana Kouser
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study intends to examine the nature & direction of relationship between stock market movements, particularly market decline, and its liquidity in 14 selected emerged and emerging economies (G8+5 and Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017 by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test and Granger-causality test. Trading value and turnover ratio are employed to measure market liquidity.

Methodology: The study is conducted on a sample of 14 economies (G8 + 5 emerging economies, and Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017. Daily basis data for all variables is collected from data stream and Economic Indicator website. Market Liquidity is measured by trading value and turnover ratio

Findings: Results of trading value Granger-causality test highlight the evidence of no causality in Germany & India. Bi-directional causality exists in Pakistan only. Uni-directional causality subsists only in Russia at 10% significance level from trading value to market return. However, from market return to trading value, results demonstrate the presence of uni-directional causality at 5% significance level for Brazil, Japan. Canada, China, France, Italy, UK, USA, South Africa and Mexico. Negative returns are used to represent the notion of market decline.

Implications: Study summarizes the stock market movements of emerging and emerged countries which will be helpful for future researchers and policy makers in their projects.
MATRICES : SOME NEW PROPERTIES./ SB’S THEOREMS (SPECTRUM)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Surajit
Published: March 2021

Matrix---not only the arrays of numbers but also has been used as a tool for many calculations in various subjects. Its inverse, eigen values, eigen vectors are of great importance to know its characters. In this paper I have discussed about some new properties of Hermitian, Skew Hermitian matrices, diagonalisation, eigen values, eigen vectors, spectrum, which will open up a new horizon to the students of Mathematics. Also, in this paper I have authored two totally new theorems for students and researchers . SB’s Theorem 1 is on Normality of a block diagonal matrix and SB’s Theorem 2 is on Spectrum of eigen values. These ideas came to me in course of teaching. Hope, these two theorems will be of great help for the students of Physics and Chemistry as well.
TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR-4 GENE ASPARTATE 299 GLYCINE POLYMORPHISM IN SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH MYCETOMA
Authors: Musa Mazin Babekir , Abdalsamad Ismail , Mhmoud Najwa. A. , Allzain Haghamad , Bakhiet Sahar M
Published: March 2021

Background: Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by deformity and disabilities with various medical, health, and socioeconomic impacts on the affected communities. The etiological factors associated with Mycetoma have not been fully understood, however genetic predisposition and inflammation are considered as Mycetoma risk factors. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the innate immune response and play a great role in immune-surveillance and inflammation. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) as a risk factor for development of Mycetoma.       

Objectives: To determine the presence of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) in Sudanese Mycetoma patients as well as measuring allele frequency and genotype distribution of this mutation among  Mycetoma patients and healthy controls.

Material and Methods: The current study included ninety five (95) subjects, of whom fifty (50) were confirmed Mycetoma patients and forty five (45) were healthy volunteer controls. It was conducted at the Institute of Endemic Diseases and Mycetoma Research Centre; University of Khartoum in the period, from June 2015 to June 2016. DNA was isolated from blood samples of study subjects and TLR-4 gene polymorphism Asp299Gly was determined using PCR-RFLP with Nco1 restriction enzyme. Genotypes distribution and allele frequencies in the two groups were measured.

Results and conclusion: There was insignificant difference in allele distribution of TLR4 (Asp299Gly) A/G (rs 4986790) in Mycetoma patients compared with the healthy controls. TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism (rs 4986790) was found in  twenty(20) out of fifty (50) Sudanese patients with Mycetoma , that is forty percent (40%) and  twenty seven (27) out of forty five (45) healthy control, that is sixty percent (60%).

Further studies are needed in a large and ethnically diverse population to determine the impact of the TLR-4 polymorphism in the susceptibility to Mycetoma.
Perbandingan Kualitas Suara Smartphone Menggunakan Metode Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)
Authors: Salsabila Inas , Anwar Samsul , Radhiah Radhiah
Published: March 2021

Smartphones are telecommunication devices that play a significant role in daily life. The sound quality produced by a smartphone becomes important for users, considering that poor sound quality might cause misunderstandings in communication. This study provides an illustration of the application of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) in the comparison of the sound quality produced by a smartphone. In addition to the DTW, the median test and its confidence interval are also used to determine the sound quality of a smartphone. The data employed are primary data in the form of voice recordings of six people that saying five sample sentences, each of which is repeated five times through four different smartphone types that are used as examples. So that the total voice recordings for each smartphone are 150 pieces. This study aims to compare the sound quality produced by those smartphones. The results of this study indicate that although smartphones type 2, 3 and 4 have similar sound quality, the sound quality produced by smartphones type 4 is more stable than other types. Therefore, this study concludes the smartphone type 4 is the smartphone with the most satisfying sound quality. Furthermore, this study showed that the DTW method is effective in analyzing the sound quality of a smartphone.
Pengenalan Aktivitas Manusia pada Area Tambak Udang dengan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Arfan M , Ahmad Nurjalal  , Maman Somantri  , Sudjadi
Published: March 2021

Thievery is a problem that can harm theft victims. Thievery usually occurs at night when there is no supervision of goods in a location. To avoid thievery and monitor conditions in a location, CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) cameras can be used. However, the function of CCTV camera systems is only a passive monitoring systems. In this paper, a human activity recognition is designed using CCTV cameras to produce a security system. Inputs on the recognition process are videos obtained from CCTV cameras installed in the shrimp pond. Human activity recognition that is used in this study is Convolutional Neural Network. Before the human activity recognition was carried out, the program first detected humans with the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm and tracking it with the SORT (Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) algorithm. The results obtained from the human activity recognition is class labels on human objects that are tracked.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN LINDUNG (Studi Kasus di Kawasan Hutan Lindung yang Dikelola oleh HKm Beringin Jaya)
Authors: Safei Rahmat , Kaskoyo Hari , Darmawan Arief , Haikal Fansuri Fikri
Published: March 2021

Protection forest becomes a forest area with the main function as protection of life support systems. The health condition of protected forests has a great influence on the environment of the ecosystem. It is important to assess the health of protected forests in view of their main function. Thus to determine the health condition of the forest, one indicator that can be used is tree biodiversity. Biodiversity is the richness of life found on earth. Assessment of biodiversity indicators is very necessary to do because it is sensitive to changes, ecological system indicators, spatial heterogeneity, temporal, and and the order in the food chain. This study aims to determine the diversity of tree species in protected forest areas managed by HKm Beringin Jaya as an indicator of forest health assessment. The study was conducted using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The results showed that the final value of forest health status with indicators of biodiversity (tree species diversity) in the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya was in the good category of 50% in cluster plots (2, 5 and 6) and bad by 50% on cluster plots (1, 3 and 4), thus showing that the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya has a fairly healthy (stable) condition with a moderate category.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BOTANICAL BIOPESTICIDES WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TERMITE MORTALITY
Authors: M.A. Wattimena Cornelia , Latumahina Fransina Sarah
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of  botanical biopesticide extracts and concentrations on soil termite mortality of Coptotermes curvignathus, Holmgren. This research was an experimental study using a fully randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 3-level treatments that were repeated three times. Treatment was a type of botanical biopesticide consisting of three levels, namely are A1 (papaya leaf), A2 (soursop leaf), A3 (lemongrass leaf). In comparison, the concentration of botanical biopesticide consists of three levels: B0 (without or as a control biopesticide), B1 (500 grams), B2 (1,000 grams) and B3 (1,500 grams) which have been repeated three times. The data that had been tabulated was then analyzed using Variant Analysis, and if there was any influence, the difference test was continued at 5 % and %. The results showed that the treatment of papaya leaf biopesticides (A1) had a faster reaction to the death rate of termite (95.6  % ) and the lowest was the death rate of soursop leaf (A2) termite (90.7 % ). In comparison, lemongrass (A3) caused soil termite mortality (94.1 %). In addition , treatment of biopesticide concentrations of B3 (1,500 grams) resulted in higher termite mortality of 96.67 %. compared to B2 (1,000 grams) with mortality of 94.07 % and B1 (500 grams) with mortality of 89.62 %.Whereas, for the interaction between the two treatments, the highest level of termite mortality was papaya leaf biopesticide with a concentration of 1,500 grams (A1B3) and termite mortality was 100 %.
Pattern of coronary artery disease in young males with acute coronary syndrome.
Authors: Qazi Shazia , Kazi Sajjad , Amir Muhammad , Rathi Nand Lal
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim behind this study was to scientifically assess the pattern of coronary artery disease in young males with acute coronary syndrome. Study Design: Prospective Observational study. Setting: Department of Cardiology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Period: March 2014 to February, 2019, Material & Methods: Data of 260 patients were enrolled who were males and having age less than 50 years and more than 25 years and presented with acute coronary syndrome. All the patients underwent coronary angiography for the assessment of pattern of coronary artery disease. Data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. Results: Out of total 260 patients, the mean age and SD of admitted patients was 42.21 ± 4.69 years and the age ranging between 33 to 50 years. The most common risk factors among young males who were admitted with ACS were cigarette smoking (39.61%, N = 103) and Hypertension (19.61%, N = 51) while least common was alcohol consumption (6.53%, N = 17). The most common pattern of CAD we have observed in our study was presence of three vessels coronary artery disease (25%, N = 65) and Branched Vessel Disease (23.07%, N = 60) while two Vessels CAD was least common (17.30%, N = 45). Conclusion: Our study shows that overall burden of coronary artery disease in males belongs to above 40 years of age residing at urban areas and belongs to middle socioeconomic background. The most common risk factor was cigarette smoking and the most common pattern of coronary artery disease was 3 vessel coronary artery disease and Branched Vessel Disease, respectively.
Meld Score: A Reliable Predictor of Mortality and Post Operative Complications in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Undergoing Non-Transplant Surgeries
Authors: Kareem Talha , Aftab Muhammad Farrukh , Hashmi Junaid , Aziz Muzzafar , Javaid Abdul Hanan , Rabbani Ali
Published: March 2021

Context: Patients with liver disease are always at high risk of post-operative complications. The prediction of postoperative outcome is very crucial in the management of these patients. Various prediction models are in use to serve this purpose. Childs-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring systems are globally used to predict post-operative mortality in end stage liver disease patients.

Aims: To compare the results of CTP and MELD scoring systems for predicting outcome in patients of chronic liver disease and to conclude which model is better for risk stratification, so as to enable us in better management of these patients.

Settings and Design: Observational study

Methods and Material: This is an Observational study that was carried out at General Surgery Department of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital from October 2019 to March 2020. We collected data from 30 patients. All the surgeries were done by the same team of consultant surgeons. All the investigations were done by the same institution. Scores of both CTP and MELD models were calculated preoperatively and post-operative outcome was compared with them to find out which model was a better predictor of mortality.

Statistical analysis used: All the continuous variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Kaplan Meyer Survival Analysis was conducted to compare post-op survival time among patients divided on the basis of MELD score and CTP Grade. Pooled log rank test was conducted to determine if there were differences in the survival distributions for the different categories in each group. Significant results were followed-up by pair-wise log rank test, at Bonferroni adjusted α level of p <0.0167.

Results: In our study the mean survival time of 71.20, 54.93, 8.40 for MELD scores of 11-20, 21-30 and >30 has a P value of <0.001. The mean survival time of 56, 54.85, 42.40 for CTP grades of A, B, and C respectively has a P value of 0.582. It shows that according to our study the MELD score has performed better in predicting the post-operative outcome of patients with liver diseases than CTP score.

Conclusions: Although CTP and MELD both are widely used to predict the post-operative mortality but in our study MELD score has predicted the outcome more effectively than CTP scoring system.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (By DASS 42 Scoring System) among the undergraduate students of Sahiwal Medical College.
Authors: Lail Raees Abbas , Aziz Nauman , Afzal Hafiza Swaiba , Sabir Sajjad Hussain , Waseem Tooba , Qamar Iqra , Bhatti Nabeel
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate MBBS students of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal stratified by their gender, class and residences. Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 15th March, 2020 to May 15, 2020. Material & Methods: A validated questionnaire was distributed through Whatsapp to different students of all the five MBBS classes. The online survey was done because of countrywide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) accomplished by 209 students. Results: Depression, anxiety and stress levels of temperate to severe range were found in 48.30, 59.80 and 44.40% of our study group, respectively. Depression was more prevalent in male students (62.50%) while anxiety and stress totals were greater amongst female students (69.40% and 63.60% respectively). First- and final-year students had high prevalence of depression (71.00% and 72.40% respectively) and stress (64.50% and 72.40% respectively) while first year and 2nd year students were more prevalent with anxiety (77.40% and 79.60% respectively) then the others. Hostel residents were found to be high in depression (61.50%) while day scholars were having greater prevalence rates of anxiety and stress (70.40% each). Students who were pleased with their training had lesser depression, anxiety and stress scores than individuals who were not contented. Conclusions: The increased prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress signs amongst college students is disturbing. This displays the necessity for major and ancillary preventive actions, by the improvement of suitable and fitting support facilities for this group.
Efficacy of Parenteral versus Oral Vitamin D Replacement in Hypovitaminosis D.
Authors: Khan Rizwan Rasul , Azhar Salman , Rasheed Huma , Rizwan Muhammad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Bukhari Hassan akhtar , Bukhari Hassan Akhtar
Published: March 2021

The study was to compare efficacy of parenteral versus oral vitamin D replacement in hypovitaminosis. Study Design: Randomized trial. Setting: Medical Outpatient Clinics of Madinah Teaching Hospital, Chiniot General Hospital and Maqsooda Zia Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 6 months (Oct 2017 – Apr 2018). Material & Methods:  84 patients were included in the study. Baseline 25(OH) D levels were determined, and followed-up at 3rd and 6th weeks following vitamin D replacement. After giving the first dose of vitamin D (parenteral or oral), patients were given maintenance dose of calcium and vitamin D supplement as per recommended daily allowance (RDA). Patients with significant clinical improvement were also noted in both groups. Results: The change in vitamin D level after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of replacement through oral route and intramuscular (IM) route was compared; which was found to be statistically significant in both groups (p value < 0.05). Mean change in vitamin D levels after 6 weeks of replacement in all the patients was 17.96 + 13.0. In oral group, it was 13.5 + 10.07 and in IM group, it was 22.40 + 14.18. This clearly shows that it was higher in the IM group compared to the oral group. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The percentage change in the serum 25-OH D level was 53% and 79% for oral group compared to 103% and 207% for the IM group, y after 3 and 6 weeks of replacement respectively. Conclusion: While managing hypovitaminosis D, IM route of administration is more effective. There was significant improvement in the serum 25OHD levels in the IM group. A larger randomized control trial should be done comparing the efficacy of oral and IM route of vitamin D replacement.
Limb ischemia after coil migration used for a hypogastric aneurysm embolization
Authors: Miquel Gil Olaria , Natalia Hernandez Wiesendanger , Clàudia Riera Hernández , Carlos Esteban Gracia , Secundino Llagostera Pujol
Published: March 2021

Hypogastric artery aneurysms are an uncommon entity. When the diameter achieves > 30-35 mm, they should be treated. Endovascular repair may be considered as first line therapy. One therapeutic option for internal iliac artery aneurysm exclusion is its embolization with or without covering the ostium with a covered stent. They may be some complications when it is not, as a distal coil migration that may produce ischemic symptoms. We are presenting a 73-years-old male admitted to hospital with an acute right lower limb ischemia caused by a coil migration. He recently underwent a right hypogastric artery aneurysm endovascular treatment by coil embolization without covering the hypogastric ostium with a covered stent. The patient underwent an emergency surgery to remove the coil by a transfemoral surgical approach with posterior thrombectomy of the secondary thrombus. Actually, he remains asymptomatic and with right posterior tibial pulse. Covered stent placement at the common iliac artery and external iliac artery could be the best option to avoid the risk of aneurysm rupture caused by endotension and the risk of distal coil migration.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Return Saham (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Sululing Siswadi , Sandangan Stefany
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the effect of current ratio and return on assets on stock returns. The dependent variable used in this study is stock returns as measured by average stock returns. While the independent variables are current ratio and return on assets. The population in this study was the food and beverage sub-sector company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2012-2016. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that the current ratio have a negative effect on the company's stock return. While, return on assets have a positive effect on the company's stock return. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh current ratio dan return on assets terhadap return saham. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah return saham yang diukur dengan return saham rata-rata. Sedangkan variabel independen adalah current ratio dan return on assets. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012 – 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa current ratio berpengaruh negatif terhadap return saham perusahaan. Sementara return on asset berpengaruh positif terhadap return saham perusahaan.
Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017)
Authors: Tahar Afrizal , Rachmawati Dewi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2015-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan 108 perusahaan sebagai sampel yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data dalam penelitian ini didapat dari beberapa sumber seperti seperti laporan tahunan dan summary of financial statement perusahaan yang menjadi sampel penelitian, yang diperoleh dari database Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan www.idx.co.id. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan institusional, proporsi dewan komisaris independen, kualitas audit, komite audit, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, dan leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Study of the proton halo structure of nuclei 23Al and 27P using the binary cluster model
Authors: S. Luay Fadhil , Abdullah Ahmed Najem
Published: March 2021

The neutron, proton, and matter densities of the ground state of the proton-rich 23Al and 27P exotic nuclei were analyzed using the binary cluster model (BCM). Two density parameterizations were used in BCM calculations namely; Gaussian (GS) and harmonic oscillator (HO) parameterizations. According to the calculated results, it found that the BCM gives a good description of the nuclear structure for above proton-rich exotic nuclei. The elastic form factors of the unstable 23Al and 27P exotic nuclei and those of their stable isotopes 27Al and 31P are studied by the plane-wave Born approximation. The main difference between the elastic form factors of unstable nuclei and their stable isotopes is caused by the variation in the proton density distributions, especially the details of the outer part. Moreover, the Glauber model is used to calculate the matter rms radii and reaction cross-section of these exotic nuclei.  The calculated results of the mentioned nuclei give a good accordance with the experimental data.
Fault inversion contributes to ground deformation above inflating igneous sills
Authors: Norcliffe James , Magee Craig , Jackson Christopher , Kopping Jonas , Lathrop Bailey
Published: March 2021

Magma emplacement is commonly accommodated by uplift of the overburden and free surface. By assuming this deformation is purely elastic, we can invert the shape and kinematics of ground deformation to model the geometry and dynamics of underlying intrusions. However, magma emplacement can be accommodated by viscoelastic and/or inelastic processes. We use 3D seismic reflection data to reconstruct how elastic bending and inelastic processes accommodated emplacement of a Late Jurassic sill offshore NW Australia. We restore syn-emplacement ground deformation and compare its relief to sill thickness, showing that: (i) where they are equal, elastic bending accommodated intrusion; but (ii) where sill thickness is greater, inversion of a pre-existing fault and overburden compaction contributed to magma accommodation. Our results support work showing inelastic processes can suppress ground deformation, and demonstrate magmatism can modify fault displacements. Reflection seismology is thus powerful tool for unravelling links between magma emplacement, ground deformation, and faulting.
Viral mutations: what comes next with the “contemporary” Coronavirus?
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: March 2021

Abstract within article pdf.
Antropologi Budaya
Authors: Christine Elshe Noor
Published: March 2021

Antropolohi adalah kumpulan dari suatu karangan-karangan yang diterjemahkan dari bahasa asing yang memuat hal-hal yang termasuk dalam pokok yang dioelajari dalam suatu cabang ilmu pengetahuan atau disiplin yang dikenal sebagai Antropoloi budaya, dan disingkat menjadi Antropologi. Antropologi budaya sebagai cabang ilmu yang hendak menyoroti kebudayaan manusia secara perbandingan, merupakan ilmu atau disiplin yang sedang meluas.
Comparing acoustic analyses of speech data collected remotely
Authors: Zhang Cong , Jepson Kathleen , Lohfink Georg , Arvaniti Amalia
Published: March 2021

Face-to-face speech data collection has been next to impossible globally due to COVID-19 restrictions. To address this problem, simultaneous recordings of three repetitions of the cardinal vowels were made using a Zoom H6 Handy Recorder with external microphone (henceforth H6) and compared with two alternatives accessible to potential participants at home: the Zoom meeting application (henceforth Zoom) and two lossless mobile phone applications (Awesome Voice Recorder, and Recorder; henceforth Phone). F0 was tracked accurately by all devices; however, for formant analysis (F1, F2, F3) Phone performed better than Zoom, i.e. more similarly to H6. Zoom recordings also exhibited unexpected drops in intensity. The results suggest that lossless format phone recordings present a viable option for at least some phonetic studies. [This article has been published online on 06-04-2021 in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Vol.149, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0005132]
The Link Between Capital Accumulation and Increasing Wages in an Updated Version of Smith’s Theory Of Population
Authors: Meacci Ferdinando
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to focus, within Adam Smith’s system of thought, on the various aspects of the twofold link between the accumulation of capital and the demand for labor, on the one hand, and between an increasing population and increasing wages, on the other. This link is examined, first, in the light of the relationship between the principles of self-interest and competition; and, secondly, in support of the possibility (neglected by Smith) that the long-run supply of labor may fall short of the long-run demand for it. The paper’s main argument is that this possibility is peacefully implemented in advancing economies by the “uniform, constant, and uninterrupted effort of every man to better his condition” which lies behind a continuous process of capital accumulation (including technical progress) along with the birth control techniques so widely used in our times.
Antropologi Budaya
Authors: Christina Joyner
Published: March 2021

Resensi Antropologi Budaya
Antropologi Budaya
Authors: Lisyana Margaretha
Published: March 2021

Cabang-cabang ilmu yang terdapat dalam bagian ini sedikit sekali. Antropologi yaitu ilmu yang hendak memahami sifat-sifat semua jenis manusia: baik manusia yang telah sirna dari bumi ini, baik yang tinggal di pedalaman berbagai benua semua hendak di pahaminya. Seperti yang terlihat dalam bagan terdahulu , antropologi budaya adalah suatu cabang dari antropologi. Antropologi adalah ilmu yang mencoba menelaah sifat-sifat tersebut.
The Transition from Pigou’s Ideas on Road Pricing to their Application
Authors: Button Kenneth John
Published: March 2021

A century ago Arthur Pigou published The Economics of Welfare. Within this volume are a few lines relating to the pricing of traffic congestion. Over the years, these lines have attracted the attention and thoughts of some of the leading economists of their day. These have included, Knight, Clapham, and Robertson in the 1920s, Kahn and Viner in the 1930s, Ellis and Fellner in the 1940s, and Buchanan, Vickrey, Solow, Friedman, Walters, Demsetz, Newbery, and Allais in the post-World War II period. Here I look at the academic arguments from the 1920s concerning how roads should be priced, and by whom. I then move to consider the continuation of the intellectual debates after World War II and their implications for policy design and implementation. Finally, I briefly look at the extent to which some of the existing road congestion pricing systems meet the requirements of the economic theory.
How unprecedented was the February 2021 Texas cold snap?
Authors: Doss-Gollin James , Farnham David , Lall Upmanu , Modi Vijay
Published: March 2021

Winter storm Uri brought severe cold to the southern United States in February 2021, causing a cascading failure of interdependent systems in Texas where infrastructure was not adequately prepared for such cold. In particular, the failure of interconnected energy systems restricted electricity supply just as demand for heating spiked, leaving millions of Texans without heat or electricity, many for several days. This motivates the question: did historical storms suggest that such temperatures were known to occur, and if so with what frequency? We compute a temperature-based proxy for heating demand and use this metric to answer the question “what would the aggregate demand for heating have been had historic cold snaps occurred with today’s population?”. We find that local temperatures and the inferred demand for heating per capita across the region served by the Texas Interconnection were more severe during a storm in December 1989 than during February 2021, and that cold snaps in 1951 and 1983 were nearly as severe. Given anticipated population growth, future storms may lead to even greater infrastructure failures if adaptive investments are not made. Further, electricity system managers should prepare for trends in electrification of heating to drive peak annual loads on the Texas Interconnection during severe winter storms.