bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMAKAIAN KATA PENGHUBUNG DAN KATA DEPAN YANG TIDAK TEPAT DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PRINGSEWU
Authors: Kholidah Umi , Rosidah Ainur , Yahya Abiyyu
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu, yang dihadiri 17 peserta didik kelas X. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada peserta didik dalam penggunaan konjungsi dan kata depan untuk penulisan karangan maupun laporan akhir. Kegiatan ini melalui dua tahapan yakni tahap perencanaan dan tahap pelaksanaan. Pada tahap perencanaan dilakukan analisis situasi untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang dialami sekolah mitra dan merancang materi kegiatan pelatihan terkait pemakaian kata penghubung dan kata depan yang tidak tepat dalam bahasa Indonesia pada penulisan laporan akhir peserta didik. Tahap pelaksanaan terdiri dari kegiatan penyampaian materi tentang pemakaian kata penghubung dan kata depan yang tidak tepat dalam bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan pada penulisan laporan akhir peserta didik. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII di SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu mengetahui cara pemakaian kata penghubung dan kata depan yang tidak tepat dalam bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan dalam penulisan laporan akhir sekolah.
PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM KECAMATAN SERUWAY KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Andriani Meri , . Hamdani , Febri Suri Purnama
Published: December 2021

Kecamatan Seruway mempunyai daerah pesisir dengan pekerjaan Nelayan sebagai mata pencaharian utama penduduk. Permasalahan Mitra pada proses produksi dan pemasaran. Pada proses produksi, udang sabu sebagai material didapat tidak menentu, sementara sumber daya alam yang lain, Mitra tidak mempunyai pengetahuan cara memanfaatkannya. Alat manual pada proses produksi sehingga berlangsung lama, melelahkan dan terasi yang dihasilkan tidak bersih. Pada pemasaran, pengemasan sederhana dan tidak menarik, terasi dipasarkan hanya pada kawasan Kecamatan Seruway. Pemasaran terasi Mitra sangat merosot, apalagi dengan adanya pandemic Covid-19. disebabkan sedikitnya yang membeli terasi Mitra dan tidak pernah ada acara lagi yang diadakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Sementara untuk pemasaran online dan delivery, Mitra tidak tahu cara menggunakannya. Ketidaktahuan dalam menggunakan database untuk usaha, Mitra hanya mengandalkan perasaan dalam usahanya, tidak mengetahui cara mengelola keuangan dengan menggunakan aplikasi. Pandemi covid-19 ini tidak disiasati Mitra dengan memberdayakan sumber daya alam (darat) seperti kelapa. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) dan tempat bunga merupakan hasil dari kelapa sebagai solusi untuk Mitra. Solusi yang lain terhadap permasalahan Mitra adalah pemberian alat otomatis untuk meringankan pekerjaan dan mempercepat pekerjaan Mitra. Pelatihan dan pendampingan menggunakan alat yang diberikan, pelatihan pemasaran online dan delivery, pelatihan penggunaan database dengan menggunakan microsoft acces. Evaluasi dilakukan agar skill Mitra meningkat, terutama dalam teknologi dan penggunaan database. Mitra juga diberikan pelatihan cara membuat VCO dan pelatihan pembuatan tempat bunga dari serat kelapa. VCO dan tempat bunga dari serat kelapa merupakan alternatif untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dimasa pandemi covid-19 ini.
Approaches and Best Practices adopted by North Andhra Villages in Challenging Covid - 19 during Lockdown Period
Authors: Haranath S.
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent national lockdown have created lots of impact on the lives and livelihoods of people living in India. The impact of Coivd-19 lockdown is very high on North Andhra Villages because many migrant workers in the urban areas are represented from North Andhra villages. This study was conducted in seven north Andhra villages to know the approaches, strategies and best practices adopted by the villages during the Covid-19 lockdown period. It is a qualitative study that adopted an exploratory research design. The purposive sampling method has been adopted and collected the data from 44 villagers through a semi-structured interview schedule. The study found that the closure of industries, schools, companies and the imposition of lockdown and regulations for controlling the spread of Covid-19 brought many problems to the Individuals, families and at large the community itself. The people in the villages were scared to come out of the house and feared that the disease might contact them. Some felt lonely. The health care professionals, the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Government of India have continuously supported the people in India with various support services. Overall, this pandemic and the lockdown have taught a new lesson to human beings.
National Pension Scheme in India: Functions and Performance
Authors: Baburao Bodhgire Nandkumar
Published: December 2021

National Pension Scheme is a mandatory for all central and state government employees who joined in services after 2005. Although the scheme is implemented in 2006, most of the government employees are unknown about the benefit of the same scheme. Hence, this paper highlights functions of national pension scheme and performance of pension fund managers in terms of its return in 2020. ANOVA tool is employed for analyzing differences in return by pension fund managers. The study is concluded that HDFC pension fund gives more return other than pension fund.
Intra State Infrastructural Disparity in Maharashtra
Authors: P. Lonarkar Pramod
Published: December 2021

Maharashtra is the economically leading state in the country. The state comprises 36 districts that are divided into six revenue divisions. There is a wide disparity in the state at the regional level and among the districts in terms of development. Infrastructure being the important accelerator of economic activities in any region is not balanced in the state. This paper highlights this intra state disparity considering nine broad infrastructural categories. The method of ranking analysis is used for this purpose. It is observed that Pune, Konkan, Nashik and Nagpur are the regions of comparatively good infrastructure development in state whereas Aurangabad and Amravati are the regions of comparatively low level of infrastructure development. At district level most of the districts are falling in the Pune, Konkan, Nashik and Nagpur region but there is a change in ranking position in various districts during 2010 to 2015. The widening gap in infrastructure development in resent past highlights the serious concern of governmental intervention in bridging the development gap in infrastructure and resultant inequalities.
Green Finance in India: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Chhaochharia Megha
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the developments in green finance in India as well as globally. Variety of data sources have been used to assess both the extent of public awareness and financing options for green projects. The findings conclude that while there have been improvements in the public awareness and financing options in India, a reduction in asymmetric information through better information management systems and increased coordination amongst stakeholders could pave a way towards a greener and sustainable long term economic growth.
Gandhi and His Vision for Women Empowerment
Authors: N. Patel Vinay
Published: December 2021

Today the empowerment of women has become one of the most important concerns of 21st century. But practically women empowerment is still an illusion of reality. We observe in our day to day life how women become victimized by various social evils. Undoubtedly the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi experimented in this field a century ago and he had shown the way for the empowerment of women and the development of the status of women. Gandhi was of the opinion that until and unless women, on the basic of education and knowledge do not find their proper place in social and economic fields, they could not achieve self-respect for themselves. Nor they could become self-dependent in any of the walks of life. In his lifetime Gandhi inspired Indians to take concrete and practical initiatives regarding women education which will bring them out of these centuries’ old conservative customs and rules, which were responsible for their mental and social slavery.
Analyzing Women’s Exploitation in Agrarian Society: A Case of Musahar Community in Bihar
Authors: Gupta Priti
Published: December 2021

The exploitation of Musahars women has been closely linked with the question of land and it exposes three different systems of women's exploitation within the agrarian economy – The wage system, the loan system, and the working hour monopoly. This paper analyzes these three systems of women's exploitation, the semi-feudal and the semi-capitalist social structure in reference to the case of Kuria village of Bihar. Using a case study as a method, the paper has a key objective to find out the pattern of Musahars exploitation by looking at different aspects of existing social conditions. The caste system, in this, will be treated as the primary force of exploitation in the agrarian community.
Covid 19 and Stress among Students
Authors: Vijayashree L. , Srinivasa Shishira
Published: December 2021

In today's culture, there are numerous factors that may act as a stress catalyst, making stress a big aspect of one's life. Covid-19 has wrought tremendous havoc all over the planet. Stress isn't just an issue for adults; it's also growing more common among children of all ages. Proper stress management is incredibly difficult to achieve since parents do not have the time to adequately care for their children. Most people assume that stress can only be caused by a traumatic event, but the fact is that tension may also be caused by a good experience. There are numerous causes of student stress that can lead to stress in a student's life, including misbehavior between the student and the teacher, which can lead to increased tension and stress. A lack of parental engagement also led in attacks on all pupils. Children in general do not pay attention to their eating habits, making them more vulnerable to stress in general. Inadequate sleep is also a source of stress, and students all over the world suffer as a result. Students' capacity to manage stress is hit or miss.
Constructivist Analysis of Independence of Bangladesh
Authors: Pathak Tripuresh
Published: December 2021

The Independence of Bangladesh was one of the most important event to have occurred in the World Politics of 20th Century. It was not just dismemberment of the then biggest Muslim State in terms of Population, but was also a great question mark on the survival of the state that was founded only on the basis of Religion. Constructivism is an approach in International Relations that contends that Reality is inter-subjective and is constructed through the interaction of different players and institutions. This Research Paper makes an in-depth analysis of different factors that played important role in creation of Bangladesh. The two Nation theory on which Pakistan was founded has been dealt in this paper. The value of given identity depends upon its number and the binding potential of an identity is more in case of identity being in substantive minority than when the identity is in majority. The colonial construct of labelling the entire community as either martial or coward was also responsible for the crisis. The lack of democratic development has also been highlighted as it reduced the capability of Pakistani state in dealing with aspirations of people of East Pakistan. The paper also seeks to critically analyze the role of India in formation of Bangladesh.
Socio-Economic Impact of Land Acquisition in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Shmeem Hena , Sharma A. N. , Sharma Suchitra
Published: December 2021

As we know land reforms on land acquisition is directly associated with different development. It aims to improve poor people access towards mean of social welfare. In fact India and Chhattisgarh state is not an exception the above rule and policies. For land reform and acquisition in Chhattisgarh. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to cover various land displacements in Chhattisgarh. This research paper has been prepared mainly on the basis of secondary data from it. Like other places, Chhattisgarh has also seen the following effects of land displacement, such as in social life, in children, in women, in employment, the opposite effect is seen. An attempt has been made to explain the impact of land displacement in Korba, Chhattisgarh, where the common life of the displaced people has been particularly affected.
Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study
Authors: Desai Sharad , Patel Nilesh
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results of Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study. For that data of 50 participants was collected using self-administered questionnaire. After ethics approval, data were collected between between Jul-21 and Aug-21 from Gujarat state of India. Results of demographic and participation details are tabulated by its frequency and percentage. Participants are participating more whose age range were 18-41 years, income less than one lakh, education below Higher Secondary and having private job or wage-earner. Age of first time participation was found in range of 18-41 years and frequency of number studies in which participant participated were found from 01 to 20 studies. Also Chi-Square results suggested there is significant (p < 0.05) relation (I) between the Education and Age of first time participation (II) between the occupation and number of times participated.
F0 Peak Alignment, F0 Peak Location, and Focus Perception in Taif Arabic
Authors: Alzaidi Muhammad Swaileh A.
Published: December 2021

The encoding of focus and its role in Taif Arabic has not been understood fully. A recent production study found significant acoustic differences between syntactically identical utterances with focus and without focus. The current study aims to investigate further F0 peak alignment, F0 peak location and (b) focus perception in Taif Arabic. The acoustic analyses of F0 peak alignment and F0 peak location show that only the F0 peak alignment of the post-focus words was realized earlier than that of their counterparts under neutral-focus condition, and the location of the F0 peak of the stressed syllable of the post-focus words was lower than that of their counterparts in neutral-focus utterances. In focus perception, correct focus identification was 85% for initial focus and 71% for penultimate focus. These findings have implications for both focus typology and language variations.
مبادرة لإنشاء مراكز للتميز البحثي بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية
Authors: عبد الرؤوف أحمد عباس البدوي
Published: December 2021

مبادرة لإنشاء مراكز للتميز البحثي بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

This paper presents an initiative to establish centers for research excellence with Omdurman Islamic University, which is one of the means developed to overcome the problem of financing the scientific research and shortage of researchers.

The paper also mention the history of the scientific research in the Sudan and the obstacles facing it and presents the experience of some countries in overcoming the problem of financing the scientific research.

The paper then explain the concept of centers of excellence and relevance as a means of addressing the issue of funding the scientific research.

The paper then mention the goals, benefits and conditions for success of excellence centers and provides examples of some of the centers of excellence in universities.

Performance indicators for such centers were then mentioned and the paper concludes by making recommendations to implement this initiative
Internalization of Moslem Characteristic in Elementary School: A Self-determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Kurniawati Lilis , Al Huda Muhammad Rafdi
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aims to reveal (1) the values ​​of religious characters that are integrated into the learning process, (2) the teacher's strategy in integrating religious values ​​in the learning process, (3) the driving and inhibiting factors in integrating religious values ​​in the learning process at Elementary School (MI) Muhammadiyah Bloran.
Method: This is a qualitative case study design. The subjects of this study are teachers and students. Data collection technique used through interview and documentation techniques. Validation of data using triangulation techniques and sources. Data analysis techniques using interactive analysis techniques.
Result: The study of result shows that (1) the integration of religious values ​​in the learning process is carried out through the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Ten religious values are integrated into the learning process. (2) The strategy of integrating religious values ​​is carried out by giving assignments, observing students in doing assignments, imitating teachers, translating the vision and mission of school with Islamic values ​​in mind in the learning environment, implementing learning programs with Islamic values, providing motivation, giving advice, sanctions, and rewards. (3) The driving factors for integrating values ​​include teachers, parents, and the community in the school environment. While the inhibiting factors are the limitations of infrastructure, the diversity of student characteristics, the presence of provocateurs as well as social interaction in the home environment of students who are not controlled so that it has a bad effect.
Strategies Used by Teachers in Instilling Religious Values in Elementary School Students
Authors: Wulandari Jepri , Abdurrasyid Rais Aqmaril
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aims to reveal the strategies used by teachers in instilling religious values ​​in SD Karanganyar district and reveal what are the obstacles experienced by teachers in instilling religious values ​​in SD Karanganyar district. The research subjects in this study are; principals, religious teachers, students, and guardians of students.
Method: Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validation using source triangulation. The data analysis technique uses source triangulation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, presentation of data, and concluding.
Results: The study results indicate that the strategies used by teachers in instilling religious values ​​include: (1) Familiarizing students with religious activities every day. (2) Provide good examples/examples for students. (3) Accompanying students in carrying out religious values. (4) Controlling student activities, controlling student worship activities by checking control books or mutabaah books owned by students. (5) Give awards to students who want to carry out a program of activities to inculcate religious values. (6) sanctions for students who violate or do not want to carry out the program for inculcating religious values. At the same time, the obstacles experienced by teachers in instilling religious values ​​in students are (1) Lack of facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of the program for inculcating religious values. (2) diverse student characteristics. (3) Substitute teachers who have not mastered the reading. (4) parents who do not supervise their children's activities at home.
Functional Analysis of Narrative Texts in Elementary School Textbook “Fly with English”
Authors: Jati Ambar , Somphithak Manu
Published: December 2021

Background: This study is an analysis of narrative texts in Elementary School textbook “Fly with English” based on lexico-grammar and context in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). This study is also expected to give the pedagogical implication based on the context of teaching and learning process

Method: This research uses descriptive qualitative type of study in investigating the problem. In the technique of collecting data, the writer uses observation and documentation. The writer finds 95 clauses in narrative text. In analyzing the data, the writer uses lexico-grammar of SFL framework to answer the first problem. Moreover, the writer refers to context of SFL framework to answer the second problem, and the writer also uses context of teaching and learning to answer the third problem.

Result: Based on the result, there are six types of processes in the narrative text, those are: (1) material process (40%), (2) mental process (23,1%), (3) relational process (20%), (4) verbal and behavioral process (7,4%), and (5) existential process (2,1%). The writer also finds fifteen types of the participants, namely actor, goal, senser, phenomenon, sayer, verbiage, carrier, attribute, token, value, receiver, client, recipient, behaver, and existent. Moreover, the writer finds  six types of circumstances, that are, location, matter, manner, accompaniment, cause, and extent.

Implication: The pedagogical implication of studying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in narrative text is to give the insight of the teacher about SFL genre pedagogy in teaching and learning process. In functional grammar, teacher can teach the language features in different ways, such as by introducing the terms of processes, participants, and circumstances that contain in the narrative text clauses.
English Club to Develop English Language Skills: A Case Study of An Elementary School in Indonesia
Authors: Ekawati Rendra Ari , Sarie Rina Febrina
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aims to describe: (1) English Club background at SDIT (Islamic Elementary School) Az-Zahra Sragen (2) English Club planning, (3) English Club implementation, (4) English Club implementation constraints, (5) Solutions to overcome English Club implementation constraints, (6) Evaluation of English Club at SDIT Az-Zahra Sragen.
Method: Types of research this is qualitative descriptive research with a case study design. The informants of this research are the principal, English Club supervisor, English teacher class 3,4,5, English Club students. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The technique of checking the validity of the data is done by triangulation of sources. The data were analyzed through data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion.
Results: This shows various information about the English Club at SDIT Az-Zahra Sragen in developing English language skills. The data obtained include The background of the English Club, namely so that students can speak English fluently and communicate correctly using English. In addition, it is also motivated for competition. English Club planning includes socialization, ideas and financing, planning before implementation, and student preparation. Implementation of the English Club includes materials, media, techniques, and activities. Meanwhile, English skills that are more prominent are speaking skills. There are still obstacles to be faced. The obstacles and solutions include: when making materials, designing activities, media, implementation, in developing English skills.
The Role of Teachers in Digital-Based Thematic Learning at Elementary School
Authors: Maryana Windri , Torre Adolph Ian A. Dela
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to describe the (1)  implementation of digital-based thematic learning activities at SD IT Nur Hidayah Surakarta, (2) role of the teacher in the thematic learning activities carried out digitally at SD IT Nur Hidayak Surakarta, and (3) Factors that are driving and inhibiting the implementation of digital-based thematic learning activities.
Method: This is qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive design. The subjects in this study were principals, teachers, and students in grades II and IV. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The research used primary and secondary data. To determine the validity of the data, the researchers used triangulation of sources and techniques.
Result: The results showed that: (1) learning activities at SD IT Nur Hidayah Surakarta class II and IV were carried out online, while still applying a scientific approach to provide meaningful learning to students implementing learning activities applications such as Whatsapp, zoom meeting, and google drive, (2) Teachers have an essential role in the learning activities carried out, being educators, teachers, facilitators, services, designers, managers, assessors, example, and reformer in providing learning modules to help students learn through PowerPoint and videos, (3) The driving factors for the implementation of digital learning activities were the cooperation of all schools, wifi for teachers, training for teachers, flash drives for students, textbooks, modules, availability of devices while the inhibiting factors were wifi limitations, signal difficulties, and device limitations.
Electoral Manipulation Informationally on Hoax Production in 2019 Presidential and Vice Presidential Election in Indonesia
Authors: Khalyubi Wildhan , Perdana Aditya
Published: December 2021

This research aims to explain the hoax phenomenon with the concept of electoral manipulation in the form of information on the holding of 2019 Presidential and Vice Presidential General Election. Hoax problems in elections are often found in several countries such as Venezuela, France, the United States, and Indonesia. This research is qualitative research by combining primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interview techniques with several institutions concerned about elections and hoaxes. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through literature, news, and documentation which support this research. As Alberto Simpser’s view in this research expresses, electoral manipulation aims to increase the influence of groups of political actors on citizens as voters. Electoral manipulation was seen as a tool to win the upcoming elections and as a tool to influence people's behavior - elites, citizens, bureaucrats, organizations, politicians, and others - with excessive and blatant manipulation seeming logical. Therefore, this research found that by linking hoaxes as a form of informational electoral manipulation, it is found that hoaxes do not only attack political opponents. However, hoaxes as a part of electoral manipulation in the form of information have implications for efforts to delegitimize public trust in electoral organizers, especially the General Election Commission (KPU).
Effect of Verbal Feedback on Dribbling Skill in Basketball During The Eight Weeks Training
Authors: Etiler Ibrahim Efe , Toros Turhan
Published: December 2021

Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of verbal feedbacks given to the player during trainings on the basketball dribbling. The study is performed with total 40 students in two groups having similarities in terms of various factors and having education in Toros University in 2016-2017 academic year. The average age of the research group is (20.87 ± 1.61) for the test group and (20.60 ± 1.09) for the control group. Dribbling Evaluation Form, whose validity and reliability study was conducted by Çamur3 was used as data collection tool. In the data analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the scores show normal distribution or not. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the groups. In the study, 0.05 was used in statistical processes as the level of significance. According to the research findings, there was a significant difference between the test group's pre-test and post-test dribbling values (p <0.05). The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine the differences between test and control groups. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the test and control groups' post-test dribbling values (p <0.05). As a result, it was observed that verbal feedback during eight weeks of training had a positive effect on dribbling. Keywords: Dribbling, Skill Learning, Basketball, Feedback, Verbal Feedback
Effect of Verbal Feedback on the Lay-Up Skill in Basketball During Eight Weeks Training
Authors: Etiler Ibrahim Efe , Toros Turhan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of verbal feedback given to players during training on lay-up in basketball. In 2016-2017, a study was conducted with a total of 40 students in two groups who were educated at Toros University and showing similarities in terms of some variables. The average age of the research group is (20.87 ± 1.61) for the test group and (20.60 ± 1.09) for the control group. Lay-up Evaluation Form, whose validity and reliability study was conducted by Çamur3 was used as data collection tool. In the data analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the scores show normal distribution or not. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the groups. In the study, 0.05 was used in statistical processes as the level of significance. According to the research findings, there was a significant difference between the test group pre-test and post-test lay-up values (p <0.05). The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine the differences between test and control groups. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the post-test lay-up values of the test and control groups (p <0.05). As a result, it was seen that verbal feedback during eight weeks of training had a positive effect on the lay-up. Keywords:Lay-up, Skill Learning, Basketball, Feedback, Verbal Feedback
Treatment of Symptomatic Hemorrhoids by Baron’s Band Ligation
Authors: Nauman Fazal-e- , din Sirajud , Gul Shandana , Anjum Shafiq Mahwash
Published: December 2021

Haemorrhoids are a clinical symptom of a change in the normal functional architecture of the inflamed and swollen veins known as the anal cushion. Numerous treatment opportunities are available for this communal issue, but Baron's Gum Ligation (RBL) is the utmost frequently used technique for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids because it treats hemorrhoidal disease without anaesthesia, hospitalization, minimal complications, and ooutpatient discharge is uneventful compared to conventional surgery. Purpose: We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of rubber band ligation in the treatment of second- and third-degree haemorrhoids. Methodology: This prospective study was performed on 76 patients over a six-month period at the Department of General Surgery from January 2021 to June 2021 at Islam Medical College and Teaching Hospital Sialkot. Rubber rubber ligation was used in all patients. A maximum of two haemorrhoids in one session were banded, and third as needed in a check-up done two weeks later. At the end of the fourth week, post-banding assessments were made for the presence and absence of bleeding, pain, and haemorrhoidal prolapse. Results: Of the 76 patients, 60 (78.9%) were male and 16 (21.1%) were female. The M:F ratio was 5.0: 1.0. 37.85 years was the mean age of patients (range 15 to 68). The duration of symptoms in approximately 48 patients (63.2%) was less than one year old, and in 18 (23.7%) patients ranged from 1 to 3 years and 10 (13.2%) patients had symptoms for more than 4 years. Complications occurred in 23 patients, bleeding in three patients, pain in 18 patients, 2 patients have prolapsed. Conclusion: RBL is effective, safe and simple method of symptomatic treatment for 2nd and 3rd degree haemorrhoids in an outpatient setting.
A Retrospective Study on Laboratory Profile and Clinical Parameters of Dengue Fever Patients
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Sarwari Shahnawaz , Ahmed Arain Waheed , Kumar Suresh , Fatima Kaneez , Ansari Najeeb Ullah
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Over the past decade, the number of cases of dengue fever has augmented intensely globally. Half the world's population is now under threat. Pakistan has also very high dengue fever per year, with regular reports of dengue outbreaks compared to other countries. Dengue infection should be treated as a solitary ailment with various clinical pictures, vacillating from symptomless situations to severe clinical sequences, which may result in high mortality and morbidity. Aim: To investigate the laboratory parameters and clinical profile in patients with dengue fever. Study Design: A Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration: In the Department of Medicine of Jalan Bani Bu Ali hospital Oman for one-year duration from July 2020 to July 2021. Methods: At least IgM positive or NS1 positive or IgM with NS1 positive or reactive ELISA assay for dengue fever detection but without any co-infection, bone marrow disease confirmed the cases of dengue without other confounding factors, such as alteration of clinical and laboratory data. The results were analyzed for the study. SPSS 21.0 was applied for Statistical analysis. Results: A total of 52 cases were tested positive for dengue fever. The patients mean age was 27.60 +/- 13.98 years and vacillated from 13 to 75 years. Of the total number of patients, 30 (57.69%) were in the age group 21 to 40 years. Of the 52 cases, 36 (69.23%) were male, 16 (30.77%) were female with M:F ratio was 2.2: 1. 42 (80.77%) of all cases were hospitalized for 5 days or less, and 10 (19.23%) were hospitalized for more than 5 days. The mean hospital stay was 3.67±1.40, ranging from 2 to 8 days. Fever was observed in all (100%) of the total number of cases. Conclusions: In this analysis, all patients have fever, and body pain, headache and malaise were communal signs, but a substantial quantity of cases also had respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, dry cough and diarrhea. Keywords: Dengue fever, clinical profile, retrospective study, laboratory profile, thrombocytopenia
Ileostomy in the Treatment of Typhoid Enteric Perforation Among Patients Presenting Late in The Hospital
Authors: Gul Shandana , Anjum Shafiq Mahwash , Nauman Fazal-e-
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Typhoid enteric perforation is a communal acute emergency of abdomen in our hospital settings. Maximum patients in Pakistan come from rural zones and have a serious illness when presented in the laten final stages. Objective: To govern the importance of an ileostomy in cases of late presentation with enteric perforation. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration: In the surgical Department of Islam Medical College and Teaching Hospital Sialkot for one year duration from July 2020 to July 2021. Methods: 52 total patients of typhoid enteric perforation were included in our department. 5 to 32 years was the age range of patients with an average age of 16 years. Most of these patients have complaints of fever, abdominal pain, abdominal distension and vomiting Results: 52 patients with late presentation of typhoid perforation were alienated into 2 groups. All cases of group A underwent laparotomy and perforation exteriorization was done as loop ileostomy. In group A, when exteriorization was performed as the first procedure, fecal fistula was later developed in 12 cases. Ten of these cases had to be re-examined and the second perforation was found to be close to the original one. The mortality was observed in three cases. Conclusion: In a relatively normal-looking intestine, restoration of the margin, closure of the two layers of perforation, and ileostomy near the perforation are safer in the case of late onset of typhoid fever enteric perforation. Keywords: typhoid perforation, double-layer closure and ileostomy
Study to Determine the Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Colonic Surgery
Authors: Khatri Rekha , Ahmad Khan Ishfaq , Sachdev Sunil Dut , Rashid Muhammad Javaid , Bilal Muhmmad , Kumar Chhabrya Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The article presents early Outcomes in laparoscopic colorectal surgery according to tumour size, duration of surgery, duration of postoperative analgesic requirements, recovery of bowel function, postoperative complications, and mortality. Aim: The aim of the analysis is to describe the short-term outcomes of our patients who endured laparoscopic colonic surgery because of various colon pathologies. Study Design: A Retrospective Case Review cohort study. Methods: The surgical and clinical records of all laparoscopic assisted colon procedures were reviewed and selected for the study held in the Surgical department of Social Security Landhi Hospital Karachi for two years duration from June 2019 to June 2021. All patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Results: During this period, 62 total laparoscopic assisted colon (LAC) procedures were achieved. 41were male and 21 females. 54 patients underwent cancer surgery out of which 51 patient had adenocarcinoma of colon, 2 patient had carcinoids of bowel , and 1 patient had Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ileocecal tuberculosis was noted in 5 patients and submucosal polyps in one patient. Of these 54 procedures for colonic cancer , 12 were left hemicolectomy, 34 right hemicolectomy, 2 segmental splenic flexure resections, 3 segmental resection with transverse colostomy and 3 sigmoid colectomy The average time of LAC surgery was 140 minutes (range 60 to 250). The average duration of analgesic drugs was 3 days (range 3–6). The median time to the first movement in the bowel was 2.5 days (range 2–4) and the hospital stay was 6 days (range 5–10). Conclusions: Laparoscopically assisted colon procedures are associated with early return of bowel function, less analgesic consumption, short hospital stays, and a lower rate of post operative complication. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is achievable with optimum operative time and is a logical advantage for good operative outcomes with advanced laparoscopic skills. Keywords: Laparoscopically assisted colon surgery, laparoscopy and Colon cancer.
Test-Retests Reliability of Digital Photography in Measuring Quadriceps-Angle and Pelvic Tilt Angle in Healthy Population
Authors: Bhutto Mazhar Ali , Shadmehr Azadeh , Hadian M. Raza , Talebian Saeed , Rana Zeb Jehan , Asad Syed Arslan
Published: December 2021

Aim: Capturing body images through digital photography method for calculation of quadriceps angles and pelvic position in clinical assessment is an inexpensive method. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of measuring Q-angle and pelvic tilt angle with digital camera and Microdicom software. Place and duration: University of Lahore and Tehran University of medical sciences, from June 2020 to June 2021 Methods: Bilateral lower limbs of fifteen healthy asymptomatic subjects were considered for calculations of desired angles. A 13-megapixel camera was used to capture images of quadriceps angle (q-angle) measurement in an anterior view and for pelvic angle measurement image in lateral view along with specific landmark markers on the body were captured. Images were transferred to Microdicom software for calculating desire angles. Three trails of procedures and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), Munro’s classification for reliability coefficients were used for the description of degrees. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was also calculated. Results: The Intra-class correlation coefficient values for right side Q- angle was 0.949(0.878-.981) and for left side it was 0.924(0.819-0.972) and <0.005 significant p-value. The ICC results for measuring pelvic title angle in the right side .990 (.975-.996) and left legs were .991 (.974-.997). Showing that the results were highly reliable and significant (p<0.005). Conclusions: The q-angle and pelvic angle measured with digital image have excellent consistency and reliability. Keywords: angle, asymptomatic, Images, pelvic, quadriceps
Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Decreases Periodontal Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Loss of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Riaz Marryam , Shujaat Sohaib , Fahim Ayesha , Zafar Shamail , Javed Mariyah , Arooj Zartashia
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: Five hundred and twenty arthritis patients were included in the study, using consecutive non-probability sampling from the outpatient department of various public and private hospitals of Pakistan. Patients with periodontitis along with systemic Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) were included in the study. Clinical parameters taken for the severity of periodontitis were the Gingival recession (GV), Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). Independent sample t-test was used for significance before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Data was presented with mean (standard deviation). Results: The PPD and CAL of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients were found to be decreased significantly following non-surgical periodontal treatment (p value < 0.05), unlike the gingival recession, which did not decrease significantly (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: The PPD and CAL values of periodontal patients with rheumatoid arthritis were significantly reduced after giving non-surgical Periotherapy along with oral hygiene instruction. Keywords: arthritis; gingiva; periodontitis; periodontal pocket
Prevalence of Benign and Malignant Lesions in the Head Region: An Observational Study
Authors: Sohail Amna , Malik Natalia , Shahbaz Raja Yasser , Rehman Zia ur , Rehman Aman ur , Yasser Faiqua , Sohaib Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of head benign and malignant lesions with regard to age group, sex, site and type of lesion and clinical variety in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Methodology: Basic research design: An observational cross-sectional study, included collection and analysis of histopathological data over the last 4 years i.e. 2016-2019. Test of significance chi-square was done for data analysis in IBM SPSS v17. Clinical setting: Pathology Departments of Sheikh Zayed Hospital (tertiary care hospital). Results: Sample included a total of 952 patient records in this study, with 587 (61.7%) males and 365 (38.3%) females. There were 514 cases of the head region and 438 cases of the neck region. Out of 514 total head region cases, 66 were malignant and 458 were benign. Participants were divided into age groups (1-18, 19-35, 36-50, 51-70, 70+) years respectively. The prevalence of benign cancers in head region was calculated in percentages according to which most patients were of nasal polyp at 26.3%, pleomorphic adenoma were 3.4%, with fibro-epithelial polyp were 9.5%. In the malignant category though Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most prevalent malignant lesion with highest frequency recorded in tongue region were 4.0%, rest with SCC nose were 0.6%, with SCC soft palate were 2.1%. The results of the chi-square revealed that there was a significant difference found with regards to the prevalence of various benign lesions in the head region between males (X2 = 1003.041, P>.001) and females (X2 = 593.937, P>.001). In addition, the difference among males and females was found statistically significant with regards to the prevalence of different types of malignant tumors in head region (for males, X2 = 238.447, P>.001, for females, X2 = 112.641, P>.001). With regards to the age groups the prevalence of different types of benign cancers was found to be statistically significant at head region (X2 = 140.500, P>.001), however there was a non-significant difference between the age-wise prevalence of different types of malignant cancers of head region (X2 = 44.702, P = .281). Conclusion: A reappraisal of neoplastic lesions of this important anatomical region in this study highlight the wide spectrum of tumors encountered along with its relative frequency. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes the highest percentage of all the malignancies in the head region. Though head malignancies are a serious concern, good awareness, education, and early diagnosis can reduce their incidence.
Trends of Occlusal Appliance Therapy among Resident Dental Surgeons
Authors: Haider Amin Malik Muhammad , Ishaq Khan Ghulam , Tarrar Junaid Altaf , Zohra Shan e
Published: December 2021

Objective: Current study was planned to assess the trends of occlusal appliance construction and selection, among the resident dental surgeons. Method: Data was collected from 51 residents at Fatima Memorial Dental Hospital, which were given a questionnaire that had 20 questions. The frequency of each answer was calculated and compared between residents of different departments and was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: The selection and construction of occlusal appliances among the residents was inappropriate. Soft occlusal appliances were the most selected and practiced appliance. Occlusal appliances need to be revisited in the literature with easy to practice guidelines. Keywords: Occlusal appliances, Soft occlusal appliances, Temporo-mandibular joints.
Effective Modes of Conceptual Teaching and Learning in Pakistan: An Undergraduate Medical Students’ Perspective
Authors: Saeed Umer , Saeed Saman , Hussain Shabbir , Shibli Naseeb Al
Published: December 2021

Background: There are more than 50 medical colleges in Punjab, and the traditional mode of teaching is ‘teacher dominant’, while students are passive learners. The curriculum prescribed by the University Of Health Sciences (UHS) emphasizes more on theoretical knowledge of subjects along with extensive memorization, but less stress on concept building and development of learning skills. Although traditional modes of teaching are adopted by medical institutes, but knowledge about the students’ perspective regarding concept building and learning skills is utmost necessary to improve the methods of teaching Aim: To assess the students’ perception regarding effective teaching, concept building and learning strategies. Methods: The study involved a total of 378 male and female students from MBBS, BDS and DPT sessions and a structured questionnaire was given to each student after taking consent, and teaching modalities were rated using Likert scale. Results: Out of 378 students, 62% were females, while 38% were males, and among these 43% students were residing in hostels, while 57% were day scholars. Illustration of concepts using white board was rated 61.2%, interactive sessions/tutorials 46.1%, demonstrations by teacher 34%, power point presentation lectures using multi-media 25% while small group discussion was rated 6.5%. Conclusions: White board teaching was considered as most effective tool for development of concept and learning (61.2%), followed by interactive sessions (46.1%). Power point presentation lecture was rated as 2nd least effective method (25%), while small group discussions was rated as least effective modality (6.5%). Keywords: Conceptual teaching, medical students, modes of learning