bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENCIAL DIURÉTICO E HIPOTENSOR DAS PLANTAS: Equisetum arvense, Phyllanthus niruri e Petroselinum crispum: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: DE MELO Bruna Juliane , TORRES Vanessa Lima Gonçalves , DA SILVA Rozi Zanoni
Published: August 2022

O uso das plantas em forma de chá como alternativa de cura ou alívio de enfermidades é realizado desde a antiguidade. As plantas medicinais produzem diversos metabólitos secundários que possuem potencial terapêutico, que são objetos de estudos fitoquímicos, os quais explicam esses constituintes. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública, muitos pacientes hipertensos controlados fazem uso de chás como coadjuvantes nesse tratamento. Com isso o objetivo desse artigo de revisão bibliográfica é buscar na literatura estudos pré-clínicos comprovando a ação diurética e hipotensora das plantas: Equisetum arvense, Phyllanthus niruri e Petroselinum crispum, a fim de estudar os mecanismos, as toxicidades e a interação dessas ações com a morbidade controlada por medicamentos alopáticos. A revisão foi realizada nas bases de dados: Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, ScienceDirect, Scielo, PubMed, Cochrane, MedLine e GoogleScholar, onde 44 artigos foram selecionados e se distribuem por todo o conteúdo do artigo. Com esse artigo podemos explicar a população que o natural nem sempre é seguro, pois as três plantas estudadas possuem mecanismos de ação, que ainda podem não estar elucidados, como é o caso da cavalinha, mas que comprovam a atividade diurética e hipotensora das plantas. Sendo assim, sugerimos que se o paciente hipertenso controlado resolver fazer o uso dessas plantas como coadjuvante, ele deve ser observado por um profissional, o qual o acompanhará de forma individual, para saber orientar de forma a trazer apenas os benefícios dessa associação sem causar riscos ao paciente.
ÁGUA PARA CONSUMO HUMANO: UM LEVANTAMENTO SOBRE ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS
Authors: Rodrigues Helen Vanuza Auzani , De Oliveira Cristiane Da Silva Paula
Published: August 2022

A água, quando tratada, deve atender à padrões de potabilidade que são exigidos por lei. O tratamento da água envolve várias etapas e entre elas a de desinfecção que deve remover micro-organismos patogênicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento sobre as publicações no Scielo de artigos relacionados ao uso de cloro na desinfecção da água para consumo humano. Uma busca foi realizada com o uso das palavras-chave “cloração” and “cloro” and “água”. Foram localizados 20 artigos sendo 9 relacionados ao tema desejado. Os assuntos mais abordados foram trihalometanos e disrruptores endócrinos. Conclui-se que o número de artigos selecionados pode ser considerado baixo. É importante que mais pesquisadores monitorem a água que vem sendo consumida pela população para garantir a saúde ambiental e consequentemente a saúde humana e que divulguem seus trabalhos com maior frequência.
FISIOTERAPIA RESPIRATÓRIA EM BRONQUIOLITE VIRAL AGUDA ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS	TÉCNICAS CONVENCIONAIS COM A TÉCNICA DE EXPIRAÇÃO LENTA E PROLONGADA
Authors: Da Silva Gilmar Camilo , Cat Rubens , Riedi Carlos Antonio
Published: August 2022

A Bronquiolite Viral Aguda (BVA) é a infecção das vias aéreas inferiores mais prevalente em crianças nos dois primeiros anos de vida. O diagnóstico é feito pela história clínica, exame físico, tiragem subcostal, estertores finos, sibilos e taquipneia. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória convencional com a técnica de expiração lenta e prolongada (ELPR) associada a nebulização com solução salina hipertônica a 3% (SSH) por meio do escore clínico de gravidade – escore de Wang avaliando o tempo de oxigenioterapia, internação e morbidade em lactentes com BVA. Estudo randômico, com 80 pacientes hospitalizados em unidade de emergência pediátrica com idade abaixo de 24 meses e com diagnóstico de BVA. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de escore clínico de gravidade de Wang no momento pré-fisioterapia, nas 24 e 48 horas. O pesquisador realizava a pontuação do escore no momento pré-fisioterapia, e após a fisioterapia nos 30 e 60 minutos por dois avaliadores independentes. O grupo controle (GC - 40) foi submetido às técnicas convencionais, nebulização com solução salina hipertônica a 3% e aspiração de vias aéreas superiores. O grupo de estudo (GE - 40) recebeu fisioterapia respiratória com a técnica de expiração lenta e prolongada nebulização com solução salina hipertônica a 3%, e aspiração de vias aéreas superiores. Observou-se que, nos dois grupos, houve redução dos escores de gravidade em todos os momentos da avaliação. O GE apresentou menores valores do escore entre os momentos 30 minutos e até 24 horas com p= 0,02, e pré-fisioterapia de 48 horas com p < 0,001. A mediana do tempo de internação foi de três dias (2,0 – 19,0) no GC e de quatro dias (2,0 – 22,0) no GE com p=0,42 sem significância estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: A ELPR em lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda quando comparada às técnicas convencionais de fisioterapia respiratória não proporcionou menor tempo de internação, porém promoveu menor desconforto respiratório evidenciado por menores escores clínicos de gravidade em todos os momentos das avaliações.
ANTICONCEPCIONAIS HORMONAIS ORAIS: TEM RELAÇÃO COM A TROMBOSE?
Authors: SANTOS Ana Paula Doria , SATO Marcelo Del Olmo , SATO Ronise Martins Santiago
Published: August 2022

Os anticoncepcionais hormonais orais são fármacos utilizados com o principal objetivo de evitar uma gravidez e hoje apresentam uma eficácia de 99% se tomado corretamente. Sua composição é bem variada tanto em relação a dosagem quanto ao princípio ativo. Entretanto, apesar dos inúmeros benefícios é preciso tomar cuidado com os riscos que podem ser gerados à saúde das mulheres. Este estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a relação dos anticoncepcionais com a trombose. O estudo evidenciou que apesar de os anticoncepcionais serem substâncias valiosas na vida das mulheres, eles precisam de atenção ao serem utilizados já que também possuem efeitos adversos, dentre eles o mais severo, a trombose, e com isso é ressaltada a importância da atenção farmacêutica na orientação dos fármacos.
The Value of Multiculturalism and Language in Children's Literature: A Critical Study
Authors: Bani-Khair Baker Mohammad , Alkhalifah Ziyad Khalifah , Jaradat Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Celebrating language diversity, cultural pluralism, and multiculturalism has long been seen as a sign of cultural openness and awareness in children's literature. Many good examples on cultural pluralism are seen in children’s books that celebrate the value of humanity as a universal concept rather than only a representation of national identity. The paper emphasizes the invitation to call upon pluralism as well as the cultural diversity which constitutes a new vision in children’s literature. Despite the fact that children’s literature has developed over an extended period of time, one has to understand the role that cultural diversity and its representation in children’s literature have in developing education and classrooms’ curriculum. However, as the paper showed us, multicultural children’s literature is still growing as many scholars and writers began to realize the importance of multicultural education in terms of social, ideological, and linguistic aspects.
The Effects of Social and Demographic Factors on High-Volume Hospital and Surgeon Care in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Testa Edward J. , Brodeur Peter G. , Kim Kang Woo , Modest Jacob M. , Johnson Cameron W. , Cruz Aristides I. , Gil Joseph A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

This study seeks to evaluate (1) the relationship between hospital and surgeon volumes of shoulder arthroplasty and complication rates and (2) patient demographics/socioeconomic factors that may affect access to high-volume shoulder arthroplasty care.

Methods:

Adults older than 40 years who underwent shoulder arthroplasty between 2011 and 2015 were identified in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database using International Classification of Disease 9/10 and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Medical/surgical complications were compared across surgeon and facility volumes. The effects of demographic factors were analyzed to determine the relationship between such factors and surgeon/facility volume in shoulder arthroplasty.

Results:

Seven thousand seven hundred eighty-five patients were included. Older, Hispanic/African American, socially deprived, nonprivately insured patients were more likely to be treated by low-volume facilities. Low-volume facilities had higher rates of readmission, urinary tract infection, renal failure, pneumonia, and cellulitis than high-volume facilities. Low-volume surgeons had patients with longer hospital lengths of stay.

Discussion:

Important differences in patient socioeconomic factors exist in access to high-volume surgical care in shoulder arthroplasty, with older, minority, and underinsured patients markedly more likely to receive care by low-volume surgeons and facilities. This may highlight an area of potential focus to improve access to high-volume care.
Total Knee Arthroplasty After Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation: Reduction in Prolonged Opioid Use Without Increased Postsurgical Complications
Authors: Stake Seth , Agarwal Amil R. , Coombs Stefan , Cohen Jordan S. , Golladay Gregory J. , Campbell Joshua C. , Thakkar Savyasachi C.
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA) is an increasingly used nonsurgical treatment modality for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis. Previous studies have demonstrated this to be an effective and safe method to decrease pain and increase functionality in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to compare 2-year postoperative complication rates and rates of prolonged postoperative opioid usage between patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after previous GNRFA and those undergoing TKA alone.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary TKA after prior GNRFA (GNRFA-TKA) of the ipsilateral knee were identified in a national all-payer claims database from 2010 to 2019. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted comparing those with prior GNRFA and those without. Outcomes of interest included prolonged postoperative opioid usage, 2-year revision rates, and 90-day medical complications. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software provided by the PearlDiver Database.

Results:

In total, 675 patients in the GNRFA-TKA cohort were compared with a control cohort of 255,351 patients. Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation-total knee arthroplasty patientshad lower odds of prolonged opioid use postoperatively (OR: 0.478; 95%: 0.409 to 0.559; P < 0.001). No notable difference was observed in the 2-year surgical outcomes between cohorts. Patients in the GNRFA-TKA cohort had lower odds of requiring a blood transfusion and having postoperative anemia, all arrhythmias, and urinary infections compared with primary TKA control patients.

Conclusion:

Preoperative GNRFA leads to a lower rate of prolonged postoperative opioid use in patients undergoing TKA, without an increased risk of complications. Future prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of this database study.
Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hemorrhage presenting as acute abdomen in a 61-year-old male: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Ranjan Saurabh , Tamaskar Siddharth , Ilieva Ivelina , Dave Sandeep , Naqvi Jawwad , Sharma Vikram
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Adrenal haemorrhage (AH) is a rare, life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and management. Case Report: A 61-year-old male presented with sudden-onset central abdominal pain, distended abdomen, and nausea. There was no history of trauma or any other predisposing factor for AH. The blood pressure was raised, while other vitals were normal. The patient was managed with intravenous Diclofenac, Tablet Amlodipine, and Ryle's tube insertion. Initial abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral adrenal enlargement. However, non-contrast computed tomography of abdomen revealed changes suggestive of bilateral AH. These findings were confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen. Though the serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were normal, and the patients were not symptomatic of adrenal insufficiency, intravenous Methylprednisolone was initiated to prevent deterioration of adrenal function. All the known causes of AH were excluded, and a diagnosis of idiopathic bilateral AH was reached. On Day 7, an abdominal ultrasound revealed a non-progressive size of the bilateral adrenal lesions and the patient was discharged with well-controlled blood pressure. Conclusion: Idiopathic AH, in patients without any predisposing factors, should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient with vague abdominal pain.
Rapidly evolving cavitary lung lesion in a patient with severe COVID-19-An atypical pulmonary manifestation with the review of literature
Authors: Singh Ram , Ratre Brajesh , Sirohiya Prashant , Kumar Balbir
Published: August 2022

The cavitary lesions in the lungs are rare radiological findings in patients infected with COVID-19. The most common causes for such lesions are secondary infections with either bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens, preexisting malignancy, or autoimmune diseases. In our patient, none of the above-mentioned obvious reasons could be found. Pulmonary embolism and lung infarction have also been observed to be possible causes in COVID-19 patients. The persistent positivity of nasopharyngeal swab sample for coronavirus disease by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test, clinical and laboratory evidence of thromboembolic phenomenon suggested the lesion to be a result of a complication of the COVID-19 infection with a possible microangiopathic mechanism.
Purpura vasculaire, hémorragie alvéolaire : Penser aux effets secondaires du Rituximab
Authors: oubelkacem naoual , ouazzani maha , alami noufissa , khammar zineb , berrady rhizlane
Published: August 2022

Résumé :
Le Rituximab est un anticorps monoclonal anti-CD20 indiqué dans les lymphomes non hodgkiniens, la leucémie lymphoïde chronique et la polyarthrite rhumatoïde réfractaire, mais aussi largement utilisé dans les maladies auto-immunes ; il a changé le pronostic et l’évolution de ces maladies, aux dépens d’effets secondaires, parfois graves. Nous rapportons à travers cette observation, le cas d’une patiente suivie pour un syndrome des anti-synthétases réfractaire, et qui a développé un purpura vasculaire associée à une hémorragie alvéolaire après la perfusion de Rituximab, avec une bonne évolution clinique et radiologique après arrêt du traitement et sous corticothérapie.
Summary :
Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody indicated in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and refractory rheumatoid arthritis, but also widely used in auto-immunes; it has changed the prognosis and evolution of these diseases, at the expense of side effects, sometimes serious. We report through this observation, the case of a patient followed for a refractory anti-synthetase syndrome, and who developed a vascular purpura associated with alveolar hemorrhage after infusion of Rituximab, with good clinical and radiological progress after discontinuation of treatment and corticosteroid therapy.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SLEEP AMONG FRONTLINE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS: A CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: PRABHASH ROHIT
Published: August 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to control it has caused a huge impact on our environment, and has exposed the Healthcare Workers (HCWs) to unprecedented threat. In this study, we seek to assess the stress and sleep-related issues among health personnel directly dedicated to caring for COVID-19 patients.

Aim: To study the psychological impact of COVID 19 on sleep among frontline HCWs.
Objective:
1.To assess the level of psychological stress among frontline HCWs during COVID 19 pandemic using PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) questionnaire.
2.To determine the factors associated with perceived stress among frontline HCWs during COVID 19 pandemic
3.To assess sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and insomnia using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia severity index (ISI-7) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in India among 271 HCWs to evaluate the perceived stress and sleep disturbances of HCWs taking care of COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted during the COVID pandemic over a period of one month between June and July 2021, using a pre-designed, pre-tested, validated, and semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic data, work-related aspects, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to determine the continuous data sets which followed a normal distribution.
Results: Out of the total 271 participants, 142 were PG (Post-Graduate) doctors and 129 were nursing staff. The overall mean age was 28.07 ± 3.634 years, of whom about 52% were females.Moderate to severe stress was found in a significant number of participants (54.4%). 54.61% had poor sleep quality, 50.55% had insomnia, and 19.18% had daytime sleepiness. Being a doctor, having many work sites,drug/substance/alcohol abuse for sleep, taking prophylaxis, admission of colleagues requiring ventilatory support if infected with COVID-19, paucity of medical supplies,bereavement, and any form of violence by attendees were all recognised as stress predictors.

Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of perceived stress and sleep disturbances among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early screening and identification of HCWs at risk are essential for protecting and maintaining the functionality of the health-care system. In the future, stress management should be an integral part of the curriculum of doctors so that they can serve humanity efficiently during such crisis times.
The Relationship between Environmental Uncertainty and Firm Performance in Chinese Listed Manufacturing Companies: The Mediating Role of Competitive Strategy
Authors: Zhao Pu , Noordin Raman , Sondoh Jr Stephen Laison
Published: August 2022

Economic globalization has brought great challenges to companies. Faced with uncertainty, appropriate strategic choice is an important means to deal with uncertainty and competitive challenges. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating effect of competitive strategy on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and firm performance in Chinese listed manufacturing companies. This research uses OLS regression models to test the mediating role of competitive strategy. The data used in this research are all derived from the public financial statement of listed companies from 2007 to 2019. We found that there is a mediating role of competitive strategy on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and firm performance. In addition, corporate life cycle is introduced as a moderating variable in the relationship between environmental uncertainty and competitive strategy. This study provides strong evidence to help managers in the decision-making process under environmental uncertainty and give managers more accurate advice based on the corporate life cycle of their companies.
Egészségügyi szakdolgozók COVID-19 elleni védőoltással kapcsolatos vélekedései a koronavírus pandémia idején
Authors: Németh Anikó , Irinyi Tamás
Published: August 2022

A vizsgálat célja volt felmérni, hogy az egészségügyi szakdolgozók miként reagáltak a Covid-19-vakcinákra, mennyire voltak elfogadók vele. Az elfogadás mértékét összevetettük különböző szociodemográfiai és munkahelyi tényezőkkel, valamint a kiégéssel és a depresszióval. A keresztmetszeti vizsgálat egy saját szerkesztésű online kérdőívvel történt 2022.01.27.–2022.02.14. között. Az adatokat leíró statisztikával, valamint χ2-, és Kruskal–Wallis-próbákkal elemeztük (p<0,05). A 10 285 válaszadó 57,8%-a biztonságosnak tartja a Covid-19 elleni védőoltásokat. Az idősebb életkor, a férfi nem, házasság és özvegység, a magasabb iskolai végzettség, a Covid-ellátásban végzett munka, az egészségügyben eltöltött évek száma, az alapellátásban végzett munka növeli a védőoltás elfogadását. A rossz lelkiállapot együtt jár a védőoltáshoz való negatív hozzáállással. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy az egészségügyi szakdolgozók körében inkább a Covid-19-fertőzés elleni védőoltás elfogadása jellemző, azonban a depresszió és a kiégés magas szintje együtt jár a védőoltásról alkotott negatív véleménnyel, az oltás elutasításával.
A importância da bioética
Authors: Boccatto Marlene
Published: August 2022

Essa atividade traz para discussão o modo como a genética molecular pode contribuir para a identificação da origem de aves retiradas da natureza e com a formação de casais em programas de reprodução em cativeiro e como essas informações podem contribuir para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. [...]
A revolucionária técnica de edição genética “CRISPR”
Authors: Carli Gabriel José de , Souza Tiago Alves Jorge de , Pereira Tiago Campos
Published: August 2022

A técnica conhecida como “CRISPR” tem impactado de maneira singular o campo da Biologia Molecular por permitir a edição genética de várias espécies de forma simples, rápida e a baixo custo. Essa ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir da descoberta do lócus CRISPR em procariontes, quase trinta anos atrás. Diversos estudos evidenciaram que este lócus age como um sistema imune adaptativo de bactérias e arqueias, reconhecendo e degradando o DNA de patógenos, além de armazenar estas informações em seus genomas, protegendo-os assim de eventuais reinfecções. A partir desse conhecimento foi possível desenvolver a tecnologia de edição genética “CRISPR”, composta pela endonuclease Caso, que funciona como uma tesoura molecular, e por um pequeno RNA guia que direciona os cortes dessa tesoura. A utilização dessa ferramenta tem permitido a inativação de genes (nocaute), inserção de elementos genéticos (knock-in), silenciamento gênico, mapeamento genômico, entre outras aplicações. CRISPR é um exemplo de conexão bem-sucedida entre ciência básica e aplicada, demonstrando que os esforços despendidos na compreensão de mecanismos moleculares presentes em espécies simples podem proporcionar enormes avanços na medicina e biotecnologia.
Baralho Genômico
Authors: Costa Marcella Motta da , Pedreira Mariana Marzullo , Bonadio Raphael Severino , Valdez Vitor Rios , Guimarães Maria de Nazaré Klautau , Lobo Jorge
Published: August 2022

O Baralho Genômico é um conjunto de cartas com representações das estruturas do material genético, que vão desde um nucleotídeo até um par de cromossomos homólogos. Este material didático permite trabalhar a organização de diferentes genes ao longo do cromossomo, bem como visualizar a natureza das variações alélicas. As atividades sugeridas priorizam a construção da relação entre as estruturas micro e macro do material genético de maneira interativa, buscando estimular a autonomia de estudo dos estudantes de Ensino Superior.
Estudando uma característica complexa
Authors: Andrade Gabriela Barbosa de , Pedreira Mariana Marzullo , Lobo Jorge Arturo , Guimarães Maria de Nazaré Klautau
Published: August 2022

Qual a contribuição dos fatores genéticos na variação fenotípica de uma característica quantitativa, em uma determinada população? E, qual a influência dos fatores ambientais? Como utilizar o conhecimento do fenótipo parental para inferir o fenótipo da descendência? Esses são os principais questionamentos da área da Genética Quantitativa, um grande desafio para o ensino de Genética. Este material didático aborda uma característica complexa: as variações nas impressões digitais. O material pretende estimular a coleta, observação e caracterização dos fenótipos, a organização e apresentação dos dados e, ainda, estimular a busca de informações científicas e a discussão das aplicações possíveis em benefício das populações atuais.
Os genes de coloração MC1R e ASIP como modelos para o ensino de genética
Authors: Hepp Diego , Corso Josmael , Lisboa Cassiano Pamplona
Published: August 2022

A epistasia é uma forma de interação gênica em que um alelo de um gene altera o fenótipo observado nos indivíduos por meio da inibição ou modificação do efeito do outro gene. Este material didático utiliza exemplos de regulação genética da coloração em animais domésticos como modelo para o ensino dos conceitos de dominância, recessividade e interações gênicas. A coloração dos animais é um tema que interessa aos estudantes e que se presta para o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos que facilitam a aprendizagem de conceitos básicos de Genética como herança, dominância, recessividade e interações gênicas epistáticas.
Uso do filme GATTACA para ensinar e discutir genética
Authors: Almeida Tâmara Gomes de , Meliciano Natasha Verdasca , Colatreli Olavo Pinhatti
Published: August 2022

Filmes são atraentes principalmente pelos recursos e efeitos de som, imagem, ação, enredo etc, fazendo representações múltiplas de situações. Geralmente, os temas comovem, promovem cultura e veiculam informações interessantes. De acordo com essas premissas, escolhemos o filme GATTACA para estimular um estudo a respeito de alguns conceitos de Genética. Além do filme, utilizamos um folder detalhando o tema. Nesse contexto didático conseguimos criar maior interesse pelo assunto através da experiência cinematográfica.
A cor de pele em humanos
Authors: Lima Leonardo Grazioli de Andrade
Published: August 2022

O motivo da variação da pele em humanos foi por muito tempo um mistério científico, possibilitando o surgimento de explicações relacionadas a valores morais, as quais foram usadas para diminuir ou explorar indivíduos com características de pele diferentes. No século XX, a descoberta de que a melanina da pele protege contra danos provocados pela luz UV – presente em maior intensidade em regiões equatoriais. Tal contexto proporcionou aos nossos ancestrais africanos o favorecimento do sucesso reprodutivo. No século XXI, com a era genômica, pode-se comparar o DNA das diferentes populações ao redor do planeta e concluir que nossas semelhanças são muito mais profundas do que nossas diferenças. Desse modo, não há evidências de que os grupos, os quais chamamos de “raças”, tenham uma unidade genética.
QDD
Authors: Souza Ueric José Borges de
Published: August 2022

Os primeiros métodos para isolamento e obtenção de sequências microssatélites de um organismo foram realizados por meio de técnicas laboriosas que envolviam a construção de bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas com regiões repetitivas ou bibliotecas de cDNA (DNA complementar). Entretanto, o desenvolvimento e constante aprimoramento das tecnologias de sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS - Next-Generation Sequencing) e dos programas de bioinformática para análise de dados têm possibilitado a identificação de centenas de milhares de regiões microssatélites, com posterior desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares, para uso tanto em espécies modelos como nas não modelos.
Albinismo
Authors: Kimura Lilian
Published: August 2022

Apesar de ser um tema comumente tratado nas aulas de genética, o albinismo ainda é cercado de muito misticismo e desconhecimento. O albinismo é uma característica genética rara decorrente da deficiência na produção de melanina e se manifesta em indivíduos de ambos os sexos de todos os grupos populacionais. A falta de melanina torna mandatória a fotoproteção, com o uso de filtro solar potente, óculos escuros e vestimentas apropriadas. A desinformação generalizada sobre o assunto tem impacto direto sobre a qualidade de vida dos albinos, deixando-os susceptíveis aos problemas de saúde que podem acometê-los, tanto pela negligência com os autocuidados como pela ausência de políticas públicas que os assistam adequadamente. Os desafios enfrentados por uma pessoa com albinismo ao longo da vida são muitos, a começar pela invisibilidade social e pelo preconceito, que muitas vezes levam a julgamentos completamente equivocados quanto à capacidade intelectual ou laboral. No artigo são abordados alguns aspectos da condição, com o intuito de ampliar a sua divulgação, contribuindo para a mudança desse cenário.
Superando obstáculos
Authors: Vieira William , Antonio Eduardo , Kajitani Gustavo
Published: August 2022

A elucidação da estrutura da molécula de DNA foi uma das maiores conquistas da Biologia no século XX. A integridade da dupla-hélice pode ser afetada por agentes internos ou externos que promovem lesões no DNA, as quais podem bloquear a transcrição e replicação do DNA. Devido à sua importância, esses processos envolvendo o DNA estão sujeitos a uma fina regulação e etapas de correção de erros, que visam garantir a qualidade e fidelidade da informação copiada ou transcrita a cada passo pois, as células possuem mecanismos de reparo e de tolerância a lesões no DNA. Dentre os mecanismos de tolerância, a síntese de DNA translesão, tem papel crucial para a sobrevivência celular, além de possuir implicações importantes na evolução e gênese de doenças, pois é um processo que evita o bloqueio da replicação, causado por danos no DNA, pela ação de DNA polimerases especializadas.
Seleção de defasagens em testes de raiz unitária: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Silveira Anderson Garcia , Mattos Viviane Leite Dias de , Nakamura Luiz Ricardo , Amaral Mariane Coelho , Konrath Andrea Cristina
Published: August 2022

Dentre as maneiras mais usuais de modelar e realizar previsões de demanda através de séries temporais, como, por exemplo a série de demanda por eletricidade, está a análise econométrica.  Neste tipo de análise, a presença de raiz unitária pode fazer com que as previsões se tornem imprecisas. Assim, é fundamental identificar a presença de raiz unitária nas séries a serem modeladas. Para isso, podem ser aplicados os testes de raiz unitária, como por exemplo o teste ADF. Uma das etapas de grande importância na aplicação deste teste é a seleção de defasagens a serem utilizadas. Este trabalho apresenta de maneira qualitativa e quantitativa que a pesquisa por este tema se encontra em fase de expansão e que não existe um consenso no que tange à definição do número de defasagens a serem aplicadas no teste. Assim, fica evidente que este é um assunto em que cabe aprofundamento de pesquisa.
Analisis Kebocaran Gas SF6 Terhadap Kecepatan Busur Api dan Tegangan Tembus pada PMT di GISTET Saguling
Authors: Winanti Naftalin , Taryana Een , Sa’adah Gina Nur
Published: August 2022

Gas Insulated Switchgear Extra High Voltage (GISTET) is a power system component that has a function as a distribution center (transmission) that connects the extra high voltage transmission system through distribution channels or substations. 

 

Based on the installation of GISTET equipment, relying on hexafluoride gas (SF_6) as an insulating medium on the equpment. Equipment at GISTET is not always in good condition, GISTET also often experiences problems. One of the distrubances that GISTET often experiences is the leakage of SF6 gas at the PMT (circuit breaker). This requires a treatment called a GISTET overhaul. So in this paper the author will analyze the SSF_6 gas leak as insulation on the PMT (circuir breaker) at GISTET Saguling.

 

According to the results of the calculations in this final project, the gas pressure of SF_6 and the breakdown voltage of PMT are interrelated. At the pressure when the gas leak occurs is at a value below 5kgf/cm2it is able to with stand the voltage. Penetrating with a high value so it is very effective to reduce arc fire. In addition, the SF_6 gas pressure is also related to the arc speed because the lower the pressure value at the time of gas leakage,  the arc speed decreases, so the arc will be slow to muffle.
Gambaran Pengobatan pada Pasien Dewasa ISPA di Puskesmas Sangia Wambulu Kabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 2020
Authors: Teheni Muhammad Tasjiddin , Ilham Sitti Alfyanita , Darmawati
Published: August 2022

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pengobatan pada pasien dewasa Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut berdasarkan karakteristik pasien dan obat di Puskesmas Sangia Wambulu Kabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 2020. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 67 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pasien dewasa Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut berdasarkan jenis kelamin perempuan lebih besar, umur berkisar 41-50 tahun, berat badan pasien 51-60 kg, diagnosa ISPA ringan. Obat dan lama pemberian yang digunakan paracetamol 4 hari, ibuprofen 4 hari, loratadin 5 hari, cetirizine 3-4 hari, CTM 4-5 hari, vitamin C 4-5 hari, vitamin becom 3 ,4 hari, dexamethasone 4 hari, prednisolone 4 hari, metihylprednisolone 4-7 hari, bacefort 5 hari, natrium diklofenak  5 hari, antasida 4 hari dan guaifenesin 4-5 hari
Analisis Nilai Wajar Saham Pada PT Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk Dengan Menggunakan Metode Gordon Growth Model
Authors: Nurul Azmi  , Arthari Tiara Namira
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai harga wajar saham pada PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. Pada tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan metode Gordon growth model sehingga dapat membandingkan dengan harga pasar saham beredar tersebut. Dalam menentukan harga wajar saham dan pengambilan keputusan investasi, penulis menggunakan metode Gordon grow thodel dengan unsur pokok yaitu required rate of return, expected growth rate, dan value of stock serta membandingkan harga wajar  dengan harga pasar saham tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis yang telah dilakukan pada PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. dapat diketahui bahwa harga saham berada pada harga Rp 246 per lembar saham sedangkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang didapat yaitu harga wajar sebesar Rp 22 per lembar saham. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa harga saham PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. bersifat overvalued.
Efficiency of energy storage control in the electric transport systems
Authors: Sablin Oleg , Bosyi Dmytro , Kuznetsov Valeriy , Lewczuk Konrad , Kebal Ivan , Myamlin Sergiy S.
Published: August 2022

The problems of storage and supplying the energy, together with reducing energy intensity for transport, are now crucial for developing sustainable and reliable transport systems. The energy network must be gradually adapted to new loads and power consumption patterns, especially in railways. The article aims to develop the simulation model to investigate the energy storage systems in its use in the electric transport infrastructure.
The authors review selected technical solutions for electric energy storage in transport. The theoretical aspects of energy exchange in the energy storage systems were presented as a base for a continuous simulation model of electric transport power supply. In the non-periodic random voltage input applied to the storage unit, it is pro-posed to use the calculation method based on the Duamel integral to analyze its charge-discharge processes. The resistance functions were applied to analyze the traction power supply mode with variable in time and space by active loads. The simulation showed that the direct connection of the unit to the traction network significantly reduces the traction energy consumption.
Mycotoxins … Silent Death
Authors: A. Alhaddad Azhar
Published: August 2022

There are many types of fungi that produce secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. These compounds are very dangerous to humans and animals, as exposure to them causes acute or chronic toxicity. Temperature, humidity and pH are important environmental factors in the production of mycotoxins. There are about 500 types of mycotoxins that are found in many agricultural products such as peanut, cereals, wines, fruit juice, dried fruits, feed, and other foodstuffs. Among the most important genera of fungi that produce mycotoxins are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Altenaria, Fusarium, and others. Some of them infect plants in the field and produce mycotoxin, while others infect agricultural crops, foodstuffs, and feed in the store and produce mycotoxin during storage conditions. Mycotoxins are divided into various groups according to the degree of their impact and danger, into highly toxic, low toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. This is depends on the chemical composition of the different types of mycotoxins, which are an open hydrocarbon chain with low molecular weights ranging between 100 and 697 Da. The biological effects of mycotoxins include damage to living tissues, suppression of immunity, and neurological disorders. Aflatoxins are one of the most dangerous mycotoxins as they are the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and the fifth most common carcinogen in the world.
Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies
Authors: Ghassan Alsultan Abdulkareem , Asikin-Mijan Nurul , Kareem Obeas Laith , Isalam Aminul , Mansir Nasar , Fawzi Nassar Maadh , Zulaika Razali Siti , Yunus Robiah , Hin Taufiq-Yap Yun
Published: August 2022

The global demand for energy is expected to rise up to 59% by the year 2035. This is due to the increasing technology developments and contemporary industrialization. Continues trends of these simultaneously will affects the crude fossil oil reserves progressively. Therefore, biofuels that are predominantly produced from the biomass based feedstocks such as plant, algae material and animal waste. Liquid or gaseous biofuels are the most simple to ship, deliver, and burn since they are easier to transport, deliver, and burn cleanly. The key contributor to the elevated green house gaseous concentration is carbon dioxide (CO2). Two-thirds of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions are due to fossil fuel combustion, with the remaining third attributed to land-use changes. Interestingly, recent literature has announced that the utilization of liquid biofuels capable of reducing the CO and CO2 emissions. Other positive impacts of the liquid biofuels are; (1) reduce the external energy dependence, (2) promote the regional engineering, (3) increase the Research & Development activities, (4) reduce the environmental effects of electricity generation and transformation, (5) improve the quality of services for rural residents and (6) provide job opportunities.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of the Provision of Recreational Facilities
Authors: Musa Wash Peter , Irwana Omar Shida , Mohamed Badaruddin , Ismail Isa Mohd
Published: August 2022

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) connotes Government agencies and private enterprises services for effective change and in this regards the recreational provision. The inadequate provision of the recreational services thwarted recreation, resulting to unsuitable funding of recreational facilities and unsuccessful synergy between government and the private enterprises embarking on CSR. This paper examines the roles of government and the private enterprises in the services of CSR with the view to enhance their performances in the provision of recreational facilities. The paper applied the qualitative method using atlas ti.8 for the data analysis. The findings reveal inadequate facilities provision for recreation resulting from lack of funding, lacklustre attitude and poor synergy of the stakeholders. The paper recommends that government should be positive in implementing policies that promote recreational activities and improving the efforts of the private enterprises for CSR. With the effectiveness and efficiency of the provision of recreation facilities, CSR will be acknowledged as a case of Greater Jos. Plateau State, Nigeria.
Potential of Native Microalgae from the Peruvian Amazon on the Removal of Pollutants
Authors: Cobos Marianela , L. Estela Segundo , G. Castro Carlos , A. Grandez Miguel , B. Tresierra Alvaro , L. Cabezudo Corayma , Galindo Santiago , L. Pérez Sheyla , V. Rios Angélica , A. Vargas Jhon , Ruiz Roger , M. Adrianzén Pedro , L. Marapara Jorge , C. Castro Juan
Published: August 2022

Environmental pollution is a severe and common problem in all the countries worldwide. Various physicochemical technologies and organisms (e.g., plants, microorganisms, etc.) are used to address these environmental issues, but low-cost, practical, efficient, and effective approaches have not been available yet. Microalgae offer an attractive, novel, and little-explored bioremediation alternative because these photosynthetic organisms can eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and remove heavy metals and toxic organic compounds through processes still under study. Our research team has conducted some experiments to determine the bioremediation potential of native microalgae on some pollutant sources (i.e., leachate and wastewater) and its ability to remove hazardous chemical compounds. Therefore, in this chapter, we provide the results of our research and updated information about this exciting topic. Experiments were conducted under controlled culture conditions using several native microalgae species, variable time periods, different pollutant sources, and hazardous chemicals such as ethidium bromide. The results indicated that native microalgae can remove pollutants (i.e., phosphorus, ammonia, etc.) of wastewater, leachate, and some hazardous chemical compounds such as ethidium bromide. In conclusion, native microalgae have an excellent potential for removing several pollutants and, consequently, could be used to develop bioremediation technologies based on native microalgae from the Peruvian Amazon.
Tomatoes By-products Extracts Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application as Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Balčiūnaitienė Aistė , Viškelis Jonas , Urbonavičienė Dalia , Viškelis Pranas
Published: August 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using by-products of tomatoes extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple possibilities for solving various biological problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using novel low toxicity and production cost phytochemical method for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from tomatoes aqueous extracts. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by various methods (SEM, EDS). Determined antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was compared with the activity of the AgNPs. TEM results show mainly spherical-shaped AgNPs, size distribution of which depends on the plant leaf extract type; the smaller AgNPs were obtained with tomatoes extract (6–45 nm AgNPs). Besides, AgNPs show strong antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains and fungi.
Assessment of Genetic Variability of Three Types of Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso Using Morphoagronomic Quantitative Traits and Brix
Authors: Sawadogo Nerbéwendé , Hamed Ouédraogo Mahamadi , Ali Bougma Lardia , Yaméogo Norbert , Hermann Tondé Wendmanegda , Tiendrébéogo Josiane , Tuina Sévérin , Naoura Gapili , Sawadogo Mahamadou
Published: August 2022

In Burkina Faso, three types of sorghum are mainly grown. Despite their genetic proximity revealed by molecular markers, the identification of distinctive agro-morphological traits between sweet grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and grain sorghum could contribute to better management of their genetic resources. Thus, 42 genotypes consisting of the three sorghum types were evaluated in a three replicate Fisher incomplete block design using 20 quantitative traits. The results showed a high variability of traits within each sorghum type and a greater closeness between sweet grain sorghum and sweet stalk sorghum. In addition, nine traits clearly discriminated sweet grain sorghum from the other sorghum types. Sweet grain sorghum expressed the highest values of the sowing-heading cycle, leaf sheath length, stem diameter, productive tillers, and panicle width and the lowest values of mean heading-flowering difference, 100-grain weight, and Brix. Moreover, the ‘sorghum type’ factor is less preponderant than the ‘genotype factor’ in expressing the variability of all traits. Therefore, the 42 genotypes are organized into three genetic groups independently of the sorghum- type factor, where the group I contains all sweet grain sorghum genotypes and three sweet stalk sorghum genotypes. These results could be exploited in sorghum breeding programs.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Applications of Boron-Containing Polyamine and Sugar Derivatives
Authors: Aoki Shin , Ueda Hiroki , Tanaka Tomohiro , Itoh Taiki , Suzuki Minoru , Sakurai Yoshinori
Published: August 2022

Boron (B), an element that is present in ultratrace amounts in animal cells and tissues, is expected to be useful in many scientific fields. We have found the hydrolysis of C–B bond in phenylboronic acid-pendant cyclen (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and the full decomposition of ortho-carborane attached with cyclen and ethylenediamines in aqueous solution at neutral pH upon complexation with intracellular metals. The change in the chemical shift of the 11B signals in 11B-NMR spectra of these boron-containing metal chelators can be applied to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metal ions in solutions and in living cells.
Charged Particle Beam Injection into Magnetically Confined Plasmas
Authors: Chung Wonyong , Tan Andi , Tully Christopher
Published: August 2022

As the principles underpinning magnetic confinement are contrary to allowing significant heat flow via charged particles into or out of a magnetically confined plasma, the approach of charged particle beam injection has been largely overlooked. The method of magnetic orbital angular momentum beam acceleration, developed by the PTOLEMY experiment, provides a new avenue for injecting charged particle beams into high magnetic field regions. Initial simulations show how this novel acceleration method can yield charge, mass, and heat flow into toroidal magnetic fields with important implications for fusion energy science. This chapter will review this new method in the context of charged particle beam injection methods and the relevance of these tools for plasma and fusion science.
Melatonin in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kara Hülya , Kara Adem
Published: August 2022

Melatonin is an endocrine product released from the gland known as the pineal gland and is predominantly secreted during the night. Light exerts an inhibitory effect on melatonin secretion in the pineal gland. The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls pineal melatonin synthesis and its release via the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, which includes synapses in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic cord and its projection toward the superior cervical ganglia. Melatonin regulates many physiological functions in the body through membrane receptors and nuclear binding sites. In a chick study, the presence of melatonin receptors in cardiomyocytes was reported and, in another study, MT1 and MT2 membrane receptors were identified in left ventricular cardiomyocytes of the human heart. For this reason, it is suggested that melatonin has some regulatory effects on the cardiovascular system. Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarctions are the main cause of cardiovascular death. Studies have shown that melatonin applications reduce the amount of blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride and increase the amount of HDL. In light of these data, it can be said that melatonin is an important cardiovascular system protector. In this chapter, the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin on the cardiovascular system will be discussed.