bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel and Facile Method to Rapidly Synthesize Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 Nanoparticles for CO Preferential Oxidation in H2-Rich Stream
Authors: Liu Nengsheng , Deng Lian , Wang Jing , He Sufang , Peng Jinhui , Luo Yongming
Published: June 2016

A novel urea grind combustion (UGC) route was reported in this paper to rapidly prepare the ceria-zirconia nanoparticles (Ce0.8Zr0.2O2). For comparison, the conventional surfactant-assisted (SA) and sol-gel (SG) methods were also employed to prepare Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 nanoparticles. CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich stream (CO-PROX) was chosen as probe reaction to investigate the catalytic performance of these Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts prepared with different methods to highlight the superiority of UGC. It was found that Ce0.8Zr0.2O2-UGC showed the better reducibility and oxygen mobility than the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 prepared by SA and SG, because the UGC route favored the more incorporation of zirconia into CeO2, leading to more serious distortion of the structure, and more defective sites in the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2. As a result, Ce0.8Zr0.2O2-UGC exhibited the higher CO conversion, better O2 selectivity, and excellent catalytic stability without any deactivation during 72-h reaction on stream. More importantly, the UGC method, as compared to the relatively complex and time-consuming SA and SG method, is simple, facile, low-cost, time-saving (within 30 minutes) and scalable, thereby, might be very promising for the application in many fields.
Treatment of Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Malfunction: Revision versus Exchange
Authors: Wang Jackson , Nguyen Tuan A. , Chin Andrew I. , Ross Jamie L.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Exchange procedures involve tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) removal and exchange over a wire, using the same exit site and venotomy site. Diagnostic imaging or intervention was generally not performed in exchange procedures. Revision procedures involve placement of new TDC using the previous venotomy site and a new tunnel and exit site. The majority of revisions usually include diagnostic imaging and intervention in the central circulation if needed.

Methods

A retrospective single review of 70 patients who underwent 97 TDC replacements from 2010 to early 2012 because of catheter malfunction was evaluated for either infection or malfunction within 30 days of the procedure.

Results

There were 41 exchanges and 56 revisions out of the 97 procedures performed. There were eight infections (documented by positive blood culture) in the exchanges (19.5%) and one in the revision group (1.8%). The need for an additional procedure due to malfunction was 10 in the exchange (24.4%) and 10 (17.8%) in the revision group.

Conclusions

Revision is a clearly superior procedure with regard to infection and more data need to be gathered as to whether it will decrease repeat procedures.
Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation: Complication Rates in the Neonatal Population: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Legemaat Monique , Carr Peter J. , van Rens Roland M. , van Dijk Monique , Poslawsky Irina E. , van den Hoogen Agnes
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) rely highly on intravenous (IV) therapy, for which the peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) is the preferred device to allow such therapies to proceed. Placement of a PIVC is a painful procedure and repeated attempts for successful insertion should therefore be limited. We aimed to quantify the incidence, complications, and factors associated with these complications.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study to examine PIVC-related complications in level III NICUs of two university medical centers (UMC) in The Netherlands. We performed descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with PIVC complications.

Results

A total of 518 catheters were inserted in 235 infants. The first-time success rate was 45%. The predominant reason for non-elective removal due to complications was infiltration (N = 193; 67%). No significant association was found between discipline of the inserter, vein visualization device and location of the PIVC and whether or not a catheter needed to be removed due to a complication.

Conclusions

In this study the majority of PIVCs were removed after the occurrence of a complication. The most common complication was infiltration. Strategies to identify and prevent infiltration in an NICU population are required. Future interventional studies should attempt to improve first-time insertion success and reduce PIVC failure from infiltration in the neonate. Based on the results of the present study, neonatologists and physician assistants are the preferential PIVC inserters. Advanced training of all members of vascular access specialist teams and ongoing monitoring of PIVC-related complications are recommended.
To ask the right question at the right time: When is the patient's self-assessed work ability most accurate as a predictor of the remaining duration of certified sickness absence?
Authors: Reiso m.fl Harald
Published: June 2016

-
Moderating Role of the Transformational Leadership in the Relationship between HRM Practices and Performance: A Study of ICT Companies of Malaysia
Authors: Mansouri Nazanin
Published: June 2016

This paper primarily aims to highlight that transformational leadership influences the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices. Extant research studies have revealed that HRM practices have noticeable potential to increase employees and organizations performance. However, this study proposes transformational leadership as moderator of the relationship between HRM practices and organization’s performance. Prime HRM practices of this study consists of training, staffing, performance evaluation, reward system, and participation while transformational leadership have five components namely, vision, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, personal recognition, and supportive leadership. With the purpose of emphasizing on the significance of underlying variables of this study, research problem is linked to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies in Malaysia.
3D IPEA Model to Improving the Service Quality of Boarding School
Authors: Chalim Asep Saifuddin
Published: June 2016

he service quality is an important factor which affecting student performance, expectation and satisfaction in a boarding school. The traditional of Importance-performance analysis used to evaluate strength and weaknesses of a service quality factors. The models of Importance-Performance-GAP Analysis (IPGA) have developed by integrating the strengths of the importance and performance analysis (IPA) and the GAP analysis (Lin, et al. 2009). This study develops a 3D (three dimensions) service quality and gap model by extending the IPGA model through adding student expectations attribute. This method shows the useful of the IPEA (Importance-performance-expectation analysis) in 3D grid view and this method useful in evaluating service quality of school. This study identified 40 items and each item was rated using Likert scales that have a 5-point of levels. The results were obtained from 175 students from grade 7 to grade 12. The final result was divided in two different aspect; (1) management aspect and (2) building services and facility aspect. The IPA grid for management aspect shows that four items fall into fist quadrant (Keep up the good work), and seven items fall into the second quadrant (Concentrate here), two items fall into third quadrant (Low priority), and two items fall into forth quadrant (Possible overkill). The results of 3D IPEA are shown that two attribute putted in quadrant 3 and one attribute in quadrant 6. The findings of the study show that a management aspect and building facilities aspect are necessary to enhance the service quality of school. The results are useful to identifying real condition of building facility and help a boarding school to develop better service quality. 
Brief Discussion on Basketball Movement and Its Developmental Trend
Authors: Wang Mingxia
Published: June 2016

On the basis of having adequate information about basketball movement, and in the face of the changeable, poly-type, multi-class and diversified developmental trend of the basketball movement in the modern society, this paper summarizes the development and advantages of the basketball movement. This provides better popularization and reference for the basketball movement.
Qualitative Evaluation of Men Vulnerability to Extramarital Relations
Authors: Baranoladi Sadegh , Etemadi Ozra , Ahmadi Seyed Ahmad , Fatehizade Maryam
Published: June 2016

Because of the negative effects of marital infidelity followed to determine the reasons for clinicians and researchers is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of men marital infidelity. The approach used in the current study was a qualitative research method.To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Interview content analysis and categorization codes revealed that the reasons for marital infidelity placed in several categories. Sexual (seeking happiness and freshness due to marriage burnout, having new sexual experiences, sensation seeking, and wife sloppiness), emotional (marital conflicts, crises of life, loss of self, and emotion and though sharing), and external factors (power, having the opportunity to relationship, confidence and support received from friends, attitude or entitlement, de inhibition due to drug use). These categorizations have implications for clinicians and researchers. Therapists working with infidelity should consider these factors in prevention programs and family enrichment.
Double Negotiation: Iranian Women and the Global
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad , Kalantary Mona
Published: June 2016

In this article we examine Iranian women’s reading of Victoria, a very popular TV series in Iran. Based on Active Audience and especially Cross-Cultural Consumption Theory (CCCT), we tried to study how the audiences consume Victoria in different manners. By using a qualitative method, in depth interviewing among 30 women, and thematic analysis, we distinguished some themes which explain why they like Victoria and how they read it. We showed that women were being attracted by and simultaneously very cautious of Victoria. In fact, they know that Victoria present them different cods which are not compatible with their own situation. In addition, comparison between ours and theirs provided them with a situation to read the text actively. Accordingly, women distinguished unpleasant native from pleasant foreigner which provided them with an imaginary situation to identify with a desirable and pleasant role.
Emergence of Chinese Han Retro Wedding Dress
Authors: Niu Li , Xia Tingting , Cui Rongrong , Lu Jie
Published: June 2016

Social changes led to the gradual disappearance of traditional Han costume. While in the context of national cultural revival, the "Chinese Hanfu movement" has given rise to the appearance and commercialization of Han Retro Wedding Dress, which including "Zhou style", "Han style", "Tang style", "Song Style" and "Ming style." Chinese history and culture, social democratic environment, economical market promotion and diverse aesthetic needs give the soil for these dresses. While contemporary wedding dresses in China are mostly westernized, and these retro dresses bring certain "reverse cultural shock" to Chinese marriage custom. The key of dealing with the "reverse cultural shock" and reviving Chinese costume culture should be following the market rules with sufficient cultural consciousness of the whole Chinese nation.
Social Interaction: A Study on the Openness Attitude of Both Religion Believers towards the Other Believers in the Southern Thailand
Authors: Awang Jaffary , Khareng Mutsalim , Rahman Zaizul Ab. , Machae Rohanee , Ismail Khaidzir
Published: June 2016

The Southern of Thailand citizens are known as the plural society that possesses various different religions. Even though the citizens are from multi-religious society, the majority of them are Muslims and followed by the Buddhists. It is a continuous issue for the religious believers in the Southern of Thailand in communicating with the other religious believers. Their interaction process is always accompanied by the suspicion and doubt among each other. Among the concepts of harmonious living in a religious pluralism society, openness attitude is the most important basic concept. It plays the significant role as a tool to form a good relationship among people. Therefore, this study is meant to scrutinize to which extent the religious teaching that teaches on the religious harmonious of life influence its believers in interpreting it to an openness attitude in their daily interaction. This study utilised two main methods namely the qualitative and the quantitative approaches. The results from the descriptive analysis depict that most of religious believers in the Southern of Thailand possess the openness attitude in interacting with the other believers at a good level as 40.02% of them agreed, and 30.96% of them strongly agreed on the issue. Hence, the findings have convinced the study that majority of the citizens in the Southern of Thailand are highly motivated to live harmoniously. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that there are some of the religious believers failed to practice the openness attitude when interacting with the other believers, so it is a must to identify the causes in order to offer the best solution for it.
The Effect of Income, Health, Education, and Social Capital on Happiness in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Theresia Puji , Harmadi Sonny Harry B.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of income, health, education, and social capital on happiness in Indonesia. The data was taken from National Survey of Social Economic conducted by National Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia in 2012. Ordered probit model was used as estimation technique due to ordinal dependent variable and normal distribution of error assumption. The findings show happiness is affected by absolute income, physical perceived health status, mental health, medium and high level of education, trust in leader, participation on society’s activities, tolerance, and help for and from others. However relative income, gender, household head, junior high school, and trust to neighbors do not have significant effect on happiness. Easterlin paradox does not exist in Indonesia because income has positive impact on happiness. Satisfaction on works, financial, family harmony, and leisure time also have significant effect on happiness. Satisfaction on family harmony is the most important factor than others. From demographic variables, it was known that happiness is not different across gender, household head, and low education people. People who are married, live in urban areas, live outside Java and Bali islands, and have more children are found happier. Happiness-age relationship indicates U-shaped curve. Happiness tends to decrease over time until people reach 51 years old. For all three level of happiness, some predictors do not have significant marginal effect on happiness namely relative income, gender, low education level, and trust to neighbors. Meanwhile the variables of household head and number of infant are not robust. 
Morphology of Excess Carbides Damascus Steel
Authors: Sukhanov D. A. , Arkhangelsky L. B. , Plotnikova N. V. , Belousova N. S.
Published: June 2016

Considered the nature of changes in the morphology of carbides of the unalloyed high-carbon alloys type Damascus steel depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. It is shown that iron-carbon alloy with carbon content as in white cast iron at high degrees of supercooling can crystallize as a high-carbon steel. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of the eutectic carbides in pure iron-carbon alloys. The first hypothesis is based on the thermal process of dividing plates of secondary cementite or of ledeburite on isolated single grain. The second hypothesis is based on the deformation process of crushing of secondary cementite or of ledeburite into separate fragments (the traditional view on the formation of eutectic carbides). The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable ledeburite in a stable phase of eutectic carbide prismatic morphology. Found that some types of wootz, which carbon content as in of white cast irons not is contain its structure of ledeburite. It is shown that the structure of consists entirely of the eutectic carbides prismatic morphology.
Development of Electrically Assisted Rapid Heating for Metal Forming of Hot-Stamping Process
Authors: Chowdhury Mahmudun Nabi , Anh Dinh Thi Kieu
Published: June 2016

Two different concepts of electrically assisted (EA) rapid heating of Al–Si coated hot-stamping steels are compared. In “along the surface” EA heating (or simply EA surface heating), the electric current is simply applied to a specimen by clamping the each end of the specimen length with a set of flat rectangular electrodes. In “through the thickness” EA heating (or simply EA thickness heating), the electric current is applied to a specimen by attaching a set of electrodes with multiple contact points on upper and lower surfaces of the specimen. While the EA surface heating generally requires a shorter heating time due to a higher electrical resistance in the length direction, the EA thickness heating also may provide a technical advantage that the heating area can be more easily configured in a case of partial austenization.
Evaluation of the 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2 – Salmonella for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces: Collaborative Study, First Action 2016.01
Authors: Bird Patrick , Flannery Jonathan , Crowley Erin , Agin James R , Goins David , Monteroso Lisa ,   Collaborators:, Barnes C , Bastin B , Blumfield J , Bonilla T , Brooks R , Budge E , Calle A , Campos D , Casimir J , Cuthbert N , Deshields A , Geurin Z , Gies C , Hankins A , Hardrath L , Kupski B , Mendres M , Miller J , Naylor K , Pickett J , Repeck A , Reynolds J , Schindler B , Schoeni J , Tillottson M , Thompson L , Wright H , Zook C
Published: June 2016

The 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2 – Salmonella uses real-time isothermal technology for the rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella spp. from enriched select food, feed, and food-process environmental samples. The 3M MDA 2 – Salmonella was evaluated in a multilaboratory collaborative study using an unpaired study design. The 3M MDA 2 – Salmonella was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 5 reference method for the detection of Salmonella in creamy peanut butter, and to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 4.08 reference method “Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg and Catfish Products and Carcass and Environmental Samples” for the detection of Salmonella in raw ground beef (73% lean). Technicians from 16 laboratories located within the continental United States participated. Each matrix was evaluated at three levels of contamination: an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/test portion), a low inoculum level (0.2–2 CFU/test portion), and a high inoculum level (2–5 CFU/test portion). Statistical analysis was conducted according to the probability of detection (POD) statistical model. Results obtained for the low inoculum level test portions produced difference in collaborator POD values of 0.03 (95% confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.16) for raw ground beef and 0.06 (95% confidence interval, −0.06 to 0.18) for creamy peanut butter, indicating no statistically significant difference between the candidate and reference methods.
Perspective on Advancing FDA Regulatory Monitoring for Mycotoxins in Foods using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Review)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wong Jon W , Krynitsky Alexander J , Trucksess Mary W
Published: June 2016

The presence of mycotoxins (such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and patulin) is routinely monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that their concentrations in food are below the levels requiring regulatory action or advisories. To improve the efficiency of mycotoxin analysis, the researchers at the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition have been evaluating modern LC-MS technologies. Consequently, a variety of LC–tandem MS and LC–high-resolution MS methods have been developed, which simultaneously identify and quantitate multiple mycotoxins in foods and feeds. Although matrix effects (matrix-induced ion suppression or enhancement) associated with LC-MS-based mycotoxin analysis remain, this review discusses methods for managing these effects and proposes practical solutions for the future implementation of LC-MS-based multimycotoxin analysis.
Testing for bubbles in agriculture commodity markets
Authors: Areal Francisco José , Balcombe Kevin , Rapsomanikis George
Published: June 2016

We apply the recent generalized sup augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test for explosive bubbles (Phillips et al., 2012) to monthly time-series for food, beverages, agricultural raw material, cereals, dairy, meat, oils and sugar indices and a total of 28 agricultural commodities between 1980-2012. We found price bubbles occurred for 6 out of the 10 indices studied and for 6 out of the 28 commodities within food markets. Results from the tests can help implementing policies aimed at mitigating effects of future price bubbles to targeted food commodity markets that may require special attention.
L’atteinte à la vie familiale est la violation d’un droit de la personnalité au Québec : second mouvement
Authors: Lacroix Mariève
Published: June 2016

L’auteure est d’avis que le droit au respect de la vie familiale est un droit de la personnalité, un droit fondamental, même s’il n’est pas l’objet d’un texte législatif précis en droit privé québécois. Une démonstration visant la reconnaissance d’un tel droit s’opère en deux temps. Suivant une démarche axiologique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec la panoplie des valeurs qui cimentent la société, telles que nous pouvons les percevoir dans l’ordre international, constitutionnel et quasi constitutionnel, afin de vérifier que cet ordre juridique n’est non seulement pas incompatible avec un « droit fondamental de la personnalité au respect de la vie familiale », mais qu’il serait incomplet sans la reconnaissance d’un tel droit. Suivant une démarche axiomatique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec les caractéristiques des autres droits de la personnalité protégés dans la tradition juridique québécoise, notamment le droit à la vie privée, pour en déduire qu’il s’agit bien d’un droit de la personnalité et d’un droit fondamental.
The E3 ligase Ubr3 regulates Usher syndrome and MYH9 disorder proteins in the auditory organs of Drosophila and mammals
Authors: Li Tongchao , Giagtzoglou Nikolaos , Eberl Daniel F , Jaiswal Sonal Nagarkar , Cai Tiantian , Godt Dorothea , Groves Andrew K , Bellen Hugo J
Published: June 2016

Myosins play essential roles in the development and function of auditory organs and multiple myosin genes are associated with hereditary forms of deafness. Using a forward genetic screen in Drosophila, we identified an E3 ligase, Ubr3, as an essential gene for auditory organ development. Ubr3 negatively regulates the mono-ubiquitination of non-muscle Myosin II, a protein associated with hearing loss in humans. The mono-ubiquitination of Myosin II promotes its physical interaction with Myosin VIIa, a protein responsible for Usher syndrome type IB. We show that ubr3 mutants phenocopy pathogenic variants of Myosin II and that Ubr3 interacts genetically and physically with three Usher syndrome proteins. The interactions between Myosin VIIa and Myosin IIa are conserved in the mammalian cochlea and in human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Our work reveals a novel mechanism that regulates protein complexes affected in two forms of syndromic deafness and suggests a molecular function for Myosin IIa in auditory organs.
Regulation of alternative polyadenylation by Nkx2-5 and Xrn2 during mouse heart development
Authors: Nimura Keisuke , Yamamoto Masamichi , Takeichi Makiko , Saga Kotaro , Takaoka Katsuyoshi , Kawamura Norihiko , Nitta Hirohisa , Nagano Hiromichi , Ishino Saki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Schwartz Robert J , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kaneda Yasufumi
Published: June 2016

Transcription factors organize gene expression profiles by regulating promoter activity. However, the role of transcription factors after transcription initiation is poorly understood. Here, we show that the homeoprotein Nkx2-5 and the 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn2 are involved in the regulation of alternative polyadenylation (APA) during mouse heart development. Nkx2-5 occupied not only the transcription start sites (TSSs) but also the downstream regions of genes, serving to connect these regions in primary embryonic cardiomyocytes (eCMs). Nkx2-5 deficiency affected Xrn2 binding to target loci and resulted in increases in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) occupancy and in the expression of mRNAs with long 3’untranslated regions (3’ UTRs) from genes related to heart development. siRNA-mediated suppression of Nkx2-5 and Xrn2 led to heart looping anomaly. Moreover, Nkx2-5 genetically interacts with Xrn2 because Nkx2-5+/-Xrn2+/-, but neither Nkx2-5+/-nor Xrn2+/-, newborns exhibited a defect in ventricular septum formation, suggesting that the association between Nkx2-5 and Xrn2 is essential for heart development. Our results indicate that Nkx2-5 regulates not only the initiation but also the usage of poly(A) sites during heart development. Our findings suggest that tissue-specific transcription factors is involved in the regulation of APA.
Underwater acoustic source localization using closely spaced hydrophone pairs
Authors: Sim Min Seop , Choi Bok-Kyoung , Kim Byoung-Nam , Lee Kyun Kyung
Published: June 2016

Underwater sound source position is determined using a line array. However, performance degradation occurs owing to a multipath environment, which generates incoherent signals. In this paper, a hydrophone array is proposed for underwater source position estimation robust to a multipath environment. The array is composed of three pairs of sensors placed on the same line. The source position is estimated by performing generalized cross-correlation (GCC). The proposed system is not affected by a multipath time delay because of the close distance between closely spaced sensors. The validity of the array is confirmed by simulation using acoustic signals synthesized by eigenrays.
Computational study on SiH4 dissociation channels and H abstraction reactions
Authors: Hayashi Toshio , Ishikawa Kenji , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: June 2016

The primary dissociation channels of SiH4 were investigated using computational chemistry. The results showed properties very similar to those of CH4. The main dissociation product was SiH2 and the second dissociation product was SiH3. SiH was produced through SiH3 to SiH + H2 dissociation by electronic excitation. H abstraction reactions by H and SiH3 were also calculated for SiH4, Si2H6, Si3H8, and Si9H14(100) cluster models. The energy barriers of H abstraction reactions were lower than those of SiH3 abstraction reactions. This result is considerably important for deposition in SiH4/H2 process plasma.
Influence of sodium carbonate on decomposition of formic acid by pulsed discharge plasma inside bubble in water
Authors: Iwabuchi Masashi , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Takaki Koichi , Satta Naoya
Published: June 2016

The influence of sodium carbonate on the decomposition of formic acid by discharge inside bubbles in water was investigated experimentally. Oxygen or argon gases were injected into the water through a vertically positioned glass tube, in which the high-voltage wire electrode was placed to generate plasmas at low applied voltage. The concentration of formic acid was determined by ion chromatography. In the case of sodium carbonate additive, the pH increased owing to the decomposition of the formic acid. In the case of oxygen injection, the percentage of conversion of formic acid increased with increasing pH because the reaction rate of ozone with formic acid increased with increasing pH. In the case of argon injection, the percentage of conversion was not affected by the pH owing to the high rate loss of hydroxyl radicals.
Changes of solar extreme ultraviolet spectrum in solar cycle 24
Authors: Huang Jianping , Hao Yongqiang , Zhang Donghe , Xiao Zuo
Published: June 2016

Following the extreme solar minimum during 2008–2009, solar activity keeps low in solar cycle 24 (SC24) and is making SC24 the weakest one of recent cycles. In this paper, using observations from Earth‐orbiting satellites, we compare the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance between SC23 and SC24 and investigate the solar cycle change of linear dependence of EUV on the P ((F10.7 + F10.7A)/2) and Mg II core‐to‐wing ratio indices. The Bremen composite Mg II index is strongly correlated with P over the two solar cycles, while this is not the case for the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) composite Mg II index, so we focus on the different dependence of EUV on the P and LASP Mg II indices. As a result we find that three coronal emissions (Fe XV at 28.4 nm and 41.7 nm and Fe XVI at 33.5 nm) brighten in SC24 relative to P; i.e., the magnitude of irradiance is higher than in SC23 at the same level of P. But relative to the LASP Mg II index, these emissions show no appreciable solar cycle differences. By contrast, the H I Lyman α at 121.6 nm dims in SC24 relative to the LASP Mg II but shows identical dependence on P in the two solar cycles. This result seems to contradict a well‐accepted fact that chromospheric and transition region emissions are better represented by the Mg II index and coronal lines by F10.7. For the different solar cycle variability of EUV in SC24, whether it is caused by source changes on the Sun is still unclear, but we suggest that it needs to be considered in proxy modeling of the EUV irradiance and aeronomic studies.
A new device for characterizing fracture networks and measuring groundwater and contaminant fluxes in fractured rock aquifers
Authors: Klammler Harald , Hatfield Kirk , Newman Mark A. , Cho Jaehyun , Annable Michael D. , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A. , Perminova Irina
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the fundamental theory and laboratory test results on a new device that is deployed in boreholes in fractured rock aquifers to characterize vertical distributions of water and contaminant fluxes, aquifer hydraulic properties, and fracture network properties (e.g., active fracture density and orientation). The device, a fractured rock passive flux meter (FRPFM), consists of an inflatable core assembled with upper and lower packers that isolate the zone of interest from vertical gradients within the borehole. The outer layer of the core consists of an elastic fabric mesh equilibrated with a visible dye which is used to provide visual indications of active fractures and measures of fracture location, orientation, groundwater flux, and the direction of that flux. Beneath the outer layer is a permeable sorbent that is preloaded with known amounts of water soluble tracers which are eluted at rates proportional to groundwater flow. This sorbent also captures target contaminants present in intercepted groundwater. The mass of contaminant sorbed is used to quantify cumulative contaminant flux; whereas, the mass fractions of resident tracers lost are used to provide measures of water flux. In this paper, the FRPFM is bench tested over a range of fracture velocities (2–20 m/day) using a single fracture flow apparatus (fracture aperture = 0.5 mm). Test results show a discoloration in visible dye corresponding to the location of the active fracture. The geometry of the discoloration can be used to discern fracture orientation as well as direction and magnitude of flow in the fracture. Average contaminant fluxes were measured within 16% and water fluxes within 25% of known imposed fluxes.
Methane in the lunar exosphere: Implications for solar wind carbon escape
Authors: Hodges, R. Richard
Published: June 2016

A positive identification of methane in the lunar exosphere has been made in data from the neutral mass spectrometer on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft. Like argon‐40, methane is adsorbed on the lunar surface during nighttime. However, higher activation energies for methane delay its desorption at sunrise by about an hour local time, creating a postsunrise bulge with peak concentration of approximately 400–450 molecules cm−3 at a reference altitude of 12 km, which is just above the highest topographic feature on the Moon. The rate of escape of carbon as methane derived from the LADEE data is estimated to be in the range 1.5–4.5 × 1021 s−1. A lower bound for solar carbon escape derived separately from Apollo sample analyses is 3.4 × 1021 s−1.
Real‐time detection, location, and characterization of rockslides using broadband regional seismic networks
Authors: Manconi Andrea , Picozzi Matteo , Coviello Velio , De Santis Francesca , Elia Luca
Published: June 2016

We propose a new real‐time approach to detect, locate, and estimate the volume of rockslides by analyzing waveforms acquired from broadband regional seismic networks. The identification of signals generated by rockslides from other sources, such as natural and/or induced earthquakes, is accomplished by exploiting the ratio between local magnitudes (ML) and duration magnitudes (MD). We found that signals associated with rockslides have ML/MD < 0.8, while for earthquakes ML/MD ≅ 1. In addition, we derived an empirical relationship between MD and rockslide volumes, obtaining a preliminary characterization of rockslide volume within seconds after their occurrence. The key points of this study are presented by testing the hypothesis on a recent rockslide event that occurred in northern Italy. We discuss also the potential evolution of the methodology for early warning and/or rapid response purposes.
An assessment of basic processes controlling mean surface salinity over the global ocean
Authors: Ponte R. M. , Vinogradova N. T.
Published: June 2016

A data‐constrained ocean state estimate that permits closed property budget diagnostics is used to examine the balance between surface forcing (
), advective (
), and diffusive (
) fluxes in maintaining the large‐scale time‐mean surface salinity
. Time‐mean budgets (1993–2010) are considered for the 10 m thick top layer. In general,
tends to counteract
, but
is important almost everywhere, and some regions show a main balance between
and
(Bay of Bengal, Arctic) or
and
(tropical Atlantic and Pacific). Advection tends to freshen the surface in the tropics and high latitudes, with opposite tendencies in midlatitudes. For various
tropical extrema,
adds to the
tendencies in precipitation regions and opposes
in evaporation regions. Long‐term
conditions thus reflect more than a simple diffusive adjustment to
, likely involving close interaction between wind‐ and buoyancy‐driven circulation and mixing processes.
An estimation of the yield and response functions for the mini neutron monitor
Authors: Caballero‐Lopez R. A.
Published: June 2016

The present study estimates the yield and response functions of the mini neutron monitor (miniNM). This relatively new cosmic ray detector is the mobile version of the standard NM64. It can be use not only to calibrate the NM64 but also to study the modulation processes. Due to its portability, the miniNM can be easily placed in a suitable location to measure secondary particles, which give information about the intensity variations of galactic and solar cosmic rays. In order to perform these modulation studies with miniNMs, it is crucial to know their sensitivity to detect secondary cosmic ray flux, i.e., we must know their yield function. A previous study found that miniNM and NM64 have slightly different response functions. This work analyzes the observed counting rate ratio (miniNM to NM64) and gives for the first time an useful expression for the yield function of the miniNM. The results found here will allow to interpret the new measurements with this mobile neutron monitor. For comparison, a brief summary of the NM64 yield functions reported by other authors is presented.
Longitudinal variations of thermospheric composition at the solstices
Authors: Qian Liying , Burns Alan G. , Wang Wenbin , Solomon Stanley C. , Zhang Yongliang
Published: June 2016

O/N2, measured by the Global Ultraviolet Imager on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite, has large longitudinal variations at the solstices, which are simulated well in upper atmosphere general circulation models. These longitudinal variations are caused by the displacement of the Earth's magnetic poles from the geographic ones. The location of a magnetic pole affects the latitude at which the winds, driven by heating in summer, converge in the subauroral region of the winter hemisphere. In the magnetic pole's longitude sector, this convergence occurs at relatively low latitudes, which results in the maximum values of O/N2 also occurring at relatively low latitudes. These latitudes have a relatively small solar zenith angle, contributing to a strong winter anomaly. In the zonally opposite longitude sector, maximum values of O/N2 occur at relatively high latitudes because the summer‐to‐winter wind convergence also occurs at relatively high latitudes. These high latitudes have a relatively large solar zenith angle, so ionization is weak, contributing to a weak winter anomaly. Therefore, the displacement between the magnetic and geographic poles not only results in a strong longitudinal variation of O/N2 but also results in a strong longitudinal variation of the ionosphere winter anomaly.
A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications
Authors: Lin Guoqing , Okubo Paul G.
Published: June 2016

We present high‐quality focal mechanisms based on a refined earthquake location catalog for the Island of Hawai'i, focusing on Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The relocation catalog is based on first‐arrival times and waveform data of both compressional and shear waves for about 180,000 events on and near the Island of Hawai'i between 1986 and 2009 recorded by the seismic stations at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We relocate all the earthquakes by applying ray tracing through an existing three‐dimensional velocity model, similar event cluster analysis, and a differential‐time relocation method. The resulting location catalog represents an expansion of previous relocation studies, covering a longer time period and consisting of more events with well‐constrained absolute locations. The focal mechanisms are obtained based on the compressional‐wave first‐motion polarities and compressional‐to‐shear wave amplitude ratios by applying the HASH program to the waveform cross correlation relocated earthquakes. Overall, the good‐quality (defined by the HASH parameters) focal solutions are dominated by normal faulting in our study area, especially in the active Ka'ōiki and Hīlea seismic zones. Kīlauea caldera is characterized by a mixture of approximately equal numbers of normal, strike‐slip, and reverse faults, whereas its south flank has slightly fewer strike‐slip events. Our relocation and focal mechanism results will be useful for mapping the seismic stress and strain fields and for understanding the seismic‐volcanic‐tectonic relationships within the magmatic systems.
Design of manifold multiplexers in all‐inductive dual‐mode rectangular waveguide technology using the coupling matrix formalism
Authors: Pons Abenza A. , Martinez‐Mendoza M. , Quesada Pereira F. D. , Alvarez‐Melcon A.
Published: June 2016

This paper presents for the first time the design of manifold multiplexers in waveguide technology using all‐inductive dual‐mode channel filters. It is shown that very complex transfer functions can be implemented for the channels, using simple structures that can be analyzed and manufactured with increased simplicity as compared to other commercial solutions. In this paper we adapt a standard design technique for manifold multiplexers to the new proposed technology. The paper is illustrated with the design of two triplexers, using H‐type and E‐type waveguide manifolds, with filters implementing two transmission zeros in the insertion loss response for maximum isolation between channels. Results show that the procedure is indeed effective and can be used for the design of practical multiplexer configurations.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers
Authors: Roy N. , Molson J. , Lemieux J.‐M. , Van Stempvoort D. , Nowamooz A.
Published: June 2016

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations are used to provide insight into the behavior of methane as it migrates from a leaky decommissioned hydrocarbon well into a shallow aquifer. The conceptual model includes gas‐phase migration from a leaky well, dissolution into groundwater, advective‐dispersive transport and biodegradation of the dissolved methane plume. Gas‐phase migration is simulated using the DuMux multiphase simulator, while transport and fate of the dissolved phase is simulated using the BIONAPL/3D reactive transport model. Methane behavior is simulated for two conceptual models: first in a shallow confined aquifer containing a decommissioned leaky well based on a monitored field site near Lindbergh, Alberta, Canada, and secondly on a representative unconfined aquifer based loosely on the Borden, Ontario, field site. The simulations show that the Lindbergh site confined aquifer data are generally consistent with a 2 year methane leak of 2–20 m3/d, assuming anaerobic (sulfate‐reducing) methane oxidation and with maximum oxidation rates of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 kg/m3/d. Under the highest oxidation rate, dissolved methane decreased from solubility (110 mg/L) to the threshold concentration of 10 mg/L within 5 years. In the unconfined case with the same leakage rate, including both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation, the methane plume was less extensive compared to the confined aquifer scenarios. Unconfined aquifers may therefore be less vulnerable to impacts from methane leaks along decommissioned wells. At other potential leakage sites, site‐specific data on the natural background geochemistry would be necessary to make reliable predictions on the fate of methane in groundwater.
Hala Sultan Tekke
Authors: Georgiou Artemis
Published: June 2016

Hala Sultan Tekke is a Late Bronze Age (ca. 1650–1100
bce
) harbor town established on the southeastern coast of Cyprus.
Maa‐
Palaeokastro
Authors: Georgiou Artemis
Published: June 2016

Maa‐Palaeokastro is a short‐lived Late Bronze Age settlement (ca. 1225–1150
bce
) established on the southwestern coast of Cyprus.
Molpoi
Authors: Carbon Jan‐Mathieu
Published: June 2016

Literally a group of singers and dancers, the
molpoi
formed one of the principal groups in the city of Miletos from (at least) the late Archaic to the end of Hellenistic period. The group attests to the fact that political authority and religious activity were closely interwoven at Miletos, as well as perhaps in other areas of the Greek world.
Isidore of Alexandria
Authors: Athanassiadi Polymnia
Published: June 2016

Isidore was a fifth‐century
ce
Platonist philosopher who studied in his native Alexandria and in Athens, and traveled extensively in Syria and Asia Minor. Taking as models Pythagoras and Socrates, he cultivated orality as a means of imparting wisdom and therefore left no writings. We can draw information from two contemporary sources about his personality and career: the substantial fragments of a
Life
by his pupil and last head of the Academy of Athens, Damascius, and the
Life of Severus
by Zacharias of Mitylene, which survives in a Syriac translation.
Thames
Authors: Franconi Tyler V.
Published: June 2016

The River Thames has been an important river in the south of England throughout history. This entry explores the river's topography, hydrology, and place within Roman settlement.
Orientalism, Roman Empire
Authors: Audley‐Miller Lucy
Published: June 2016

The term orientalism refers to the way in which the peoples and culture of the east are defined and represented according to the perceptions of western observers. Orientalism in the Roman period drew on ideas about the east established by earlier Greek writers but did so in a selective way, and was informed by the cultural context of the Roman Empire. Stereotypes about the east and its people could serve an important role in shaping Roman self‐image: in contrast to Rome's supposedly simple masculine traditions and good government, the east was depicted as a place of decadent living, effeminacy, and despotic rule. These perceptions were continuously negotiated and adjusted. In parallel with these notions, religious cults proclaiming eastern origins were also popular in the city of Rome and some eastern customs and goods became highly desirable marks of elite Roman status, which in turn also affected orientalist perceptions.
Scholarship, Hellenistic
Authors: Schironi Francesca
Published: June 2016

Scholarship developed in all the main Hellenistic courts, as a result of royal patronage. With their many interests, the Alexandrian scholars to a particularly marked extent developed new genres and methodologies to study literary and non‐literary texts. Their work had a permanent impact on the selection of Greek literature which we still read, and also on our own approach to the humanities because disciplines such as philology, grammar, literary exegesis, chronology and lexicography first started or underwent a fundamental development during the Hellenistic period.
Perachora in Corinthia
Authors: Vlachou Vasiliki
Published: June 2016

Perachora is a peninsula in the Gulf of Corinth, located ca. 14 km northeast of ancient Corinth. The site is occupied by a sanctuary dedicated to Hera
Akraia
and
Limenia
, which was associated with Corinthian trading activity by the late eighth century
bce
, and reached its peak in the Archaic and Classical periods.
Slavs
Authors: Kazanski Michel
Published: June 2016

The Slavs are a group among the European peoples, attested by written and archaeological sources from the Roman period onwards in the Dnieper basin in eastern Europe. During the sixth century, the Slavs settled in the Balkans and thus entered the zone of Byzantium's cultural, political and economic influence. At the same time, groups of western Slavs settled along the margins of the Merovingian and Lombard kingdoms. This geographical separation predefined the two divergent paths followed by the medieval Slavic civilizations.
Agathokles of Samos (
FGrH 799
)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: June 2016

Apart from the title of a lost work,
Constitution of the Pessinountioi
, Agathokles is unknown.
Agathon (FGrH801)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: June 2016

Agathon (FGrH801), a mysterious writer whose times and provenance are unknown, wrote aCircumnavigation of the Black Sea. He has been identified with Agathon of Samos (FGrH843) and Andron of Teos (FGrH802).
Aineias of Samos (
FGrH
543)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: June 2016

Aineias of Samos (
FGrH
543), an historian of uncertain historicity, may have written a history of his native Samos.
Chersikrates of Corinth
Authors: Donnellan Lieve
Published: June 2016

Chersicrates of Corinth was the founder (
oikistes
) of a colony (
apoikia
) on the island of Corcyra, around 734/3
bce
. He was closely related to Archias of Corinth, the founder of the colony at Syracuse in Sicily.