bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Four TiO2-Based Photocatalysts to Degrade 2,4-D in a Semi-Passive System
Authors: Heydari Gisoo , Hollman Jordan , Achari Gopal , Langford Cooper H.
Published: March 2019

In this study, the relative efficiency of four forms of supported titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Killex®, a commercially available herbicide was studied. Coated glass spheres, anodized plate, anodized mesh, and electro-photocatalysis using the anodized mesh were evaluated under an ultraviolet – light-emitting diode (UV-LED) light source at λ = 365 nm in a semi-passive mode. Energy consumption of the system was used to compare the efficiency of the photocatalysts. The results showed both photospheres and mesh consumed approximately 80 J/cm3 energy followed by electro-photocatalysis (112.2 J/cm3), and the anodized plate (114.5 J/cm3). Although electro-photocatalysis showed the fastest degradation rate (K = 5.04 mg L−1 h−1), its energy consumption was at the same level as the anodized plate with a lower degradation rate constant of 3.07 mg L−1 h−1. The results demonstrated that three-dimensional nanotubes of TiO2 surrounding the mesh provide superior degradation compared to one-dimensional arrays on the planar surface of the anodized plate. With limited broad-scale comparative studies between varieties of different TiO2 supports, this study provides a comparative analysis of relative degradation efficiencies between the four photocatalytic configurations.
On the Connection between Atmospheric Moisture Transport and Dry Conditions in Rainfall Climatological Zones of the Niger River Basin
Authors: Sorí Rogert , Nieto Raquel , Drumond Anita , Stojanovic Milica , Gimeno Luis
Published: March 2019

The hydroclimatology of the Niger River basin, located in West Africa, is very complex. It has been widely studied because of its importance to the socioeconomic activities of the countries that share its natural resources. In this study, to better understand the causes and mechanisms that modulate the rainfall over the Niger River basin, we identified the most relevant moisture sources for precipitation within the basin. The Lagrangian model FLEXPART was utilised to track backward trajectories of air parcels initially losing humidity over climatological rainfall zones of the basin. Along 10-day backward trajectories, we computed the budget of the difference between evaporation and precipitation (E − P) from 1000 to 0.1 hPa, permitting the identification of those regions where moisture uptake ((E − P) > 0) prevail. The study was conducted for the period 1980–2017. Monthly maps of ((E − P) > 0 were developed to illustrate the regions from where moisture is transported, contributing to precipitation in the Niger River basin. The spatial variability of the sources matches the precipitation variability over the basin restricted to surrounding areas of the Niger River basin during months with low average precipitation and widely spreading over the continent and the Atlantic Ocean in months with high average precipitation. During climatological dry months (e.g., December, January and February) the continental sources of West and Northeast Africa and the climatological rainfall zones themselves provide most of the moisture for precipitation. However, during the rainy season, the moisture supplies from oceanic sources increase, becoming greater than the contribution from land-based sources during August (the rainiest month). Dry conditions were identified for each climatological rainfall zone using the Standardised Precipitation Index. Similar to many previous studies, we found that the 1980s were highlighted by dry conditions. Local recycling and particularly moisture uptake from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean seem to be highly related to dry and wet conditions in the basin. A reduction on the moisture uptake from surrounding continental sources and the tropical South Atlantic Ocean is almost persistent during extremely dry conditions. Ascending movements are restricted to the lower troposphere during extremely dry conditions and oscillate latitudinally as well as precipitation.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF ART SCHOOL STUDENT’S CREATIVE ABILITIES IN THE LEARNING PROCESS WITH ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USING
Authors: Martsyniv Vasyl
Published: March 2019

Diagnostics of creative abilities of students in art school with electronic musical instruments provide the definition of criterions and indicators by which we can find out objectively and reliably what we research. We determined the main criterions of development of creative abilities of students in art school with electronic musical instruments: motivational-value, content-operation, creative-processing.
Motivational-value criterion displays the interest, needs attitude of student art schools to the musical
creation through the using of electronic musical instruments. The next criterion is the content-operation; it gives the opportunity to estimate the level of musical-theoretical knowledge and skills and also availability of theoretical and practical knowledge, skills which refer to technic-functional keyboard. One more important level of development creative abilities is creative-processing criterion which gives opportunity to estimate the creative abilities more clearly and appropriate. Such criterions and their indicators focus on the definition levels which developing by electronic musical instruments. There are three levels of development of creative abilities – high, middle and low.
Understanding implementation and usefulness of electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) for melanoma in English primary care: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Pannebakker Merel M , Mills Katie , Johnson Margaret , Emery Jon D , Walter Fiona M
Published: March 2019

Background

Timely diagnosis of the serious skin cancer melanoma can improve patient outcomes. Clinical guidelines suggest that GPs use checklists, such as the 7-point checklist (7PCL), to assess pigmented lesions. In 2016, the 7PCL was disseminated by EMIS as an electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) tool.

Aim

To understand GP and patient perspectives on the implementation and usefulness of the eCDS.

Design & setting

Semi-structured interviews with GPs and patients were undertaken. The interviews took place in four general practices in the south east of England following consultations using the eCDS for suspicious pigmented lesions.

Method

Data were collected from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with GPs and from telephone interviews with patients. They were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) underpinned the analysis using thematic approaches.

Results

A total of 14 interviews with GPs and 14 interviews with patients were undertaken. Most GPs reported that, as the eCDS was embedded in the medical record, it was useful, easy to use, time-efficient, and could facilitate patient–GP communication. They were less clear that it could meet policy or patient needs to improve early diagnosis, and some felt that it could lead to unnecessary referrals. Few felt that it had been sufficiently implemented at practice level. More felt confident with their own management of moles, and that the eCDS could be most useful for borderline decision-making. No patients were aware that the eCDS had been used during their consultation.

Conclusion

Successful implementation of a new tool, such as eCDS for melanoma, requires GPs to perceive its value and understand how it can best be integrated into clinical practice. Disseminating a tool without such explanations is unlikely to promote its adoption into routine practice.
What’s Queer and New in Apocalyptic Times
Authors: Björklund Jenny , Dahl Ulrika
Published: March 2019

This issue of lambda nordica began from a familiar framing in these times: What is “new” in queer studies? As editors, we eagerly awaited submissions in the form of surprising, interesting, bold, and new research from queer scholars. The present issue, as long and late in it’s making as the Swedish government, is the outcome and it presents a number of emerging scholars and topics that are being pursued in PhD theses and postdoctoral projects in a range of disciplines, as well as reflections on new queer art. In this editorial, we want to briefly reflect on the past year and on what we, with José Esteban Muñoz’ words above, might call the “mess we are in” tells us about queer studies and the politics of newness. Do we need to bracket queer in order to let queer do new work?
Queer brittisk konst: Passionerade konstnärsliv och kraftfulla föremål
Authors: Steorn Patrik
Published: March 2019

No abstract available.
Politeness Strategy on Social Interaction Used by Munanese
Authors: Yetty '
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the differences of politeness strategy used by Munanese in their social interaction. The source of the data was verbal utterances of Munanese dialect Gu . This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson, and supported by other theory particularly Yassi’s theory. It also used descriptive qualitative method that is observation by recording and note taking. The result of the study showed the pattern politeness strategies used in Munanese Dialect Gu are; Hormat Non Kerabat; mixed, Hormat berkerabat; mixed and positive politeness (KP),  Akrab Non Kerabat; mixed,  Akrab Berkerabat; positive politeness (KP),  Hierarki Non Kerabat; mixed (hierarchy), and (6) Hierarki Kerabat; mixed. The differences of the strategies maybe caused by several possible reasons including cultural differences, different age and social status when the people interact each other.Keyword : politeness, social interaction, pragmatic
The Politeness Strategies of Negation Used by English and Buginese
Authors: Daud Najmiah
Published: March 2019

A good communication is a cooperate communication, but when someone wants to deny someone or something, it can be FTA (Face Threatening Acts) in some situations, so she/he needs to express it in polite way to save the face of each through the use of the politeness strategies. This research is aimed to investigate (1) the politeness strategies used by Buginese and American people in using the negation expression; (2) the influence of social and cultural relationship on the politeness strategies used by the Buginese and American people when using negation expression. This was a comparative study between Buginese and English language in using negation. The research used the qualitative descriptive approach. English and Buginese data were obtained through DCT, questionnaire. The research result indicates that three politeness strategies are used by American and Buginese people in using negation namely: the bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. The American people tend to use those strategies in polite way to negate something by being more friendly and using the casual language with other people. On the other hand, Buginese people tend to use formal language as the politeness strategies in making negation. The significant differences between both languages can be seen from the indirect and direct strategies in making negation. English tends to use direct strategies, while Buginese tends to apply indirect negation. The research also indicates that the other aspects influencing the politeness strategies used are; gender, social situation, social distance or intimacy, social status, relationship between interlocutors. Buginese people indicate the politeness by giving the formal treatment because they are more hierarchical and pay more attention to use honorific address term and politeness marker such as iye’. On the other case, American people are more friendly and emphasize the solidarity.Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Negation, Face Threatening Acts.
Glossophobia in Training of Speech
Authors: Nahliah ' , Rahman Fathu
Published: March 2019

Glossophobia which is known as social phobia is a big problem in delivering a speech.  As such, this research is purposed to thoroughly investigate the problems faced by the students in training of speech in Darul-Huffadh Islamic boarding school of Tujutuju, Kajuara, Bone. With regard to the methodology applied in this study, a qualitative approach was used to describe the data that was discovered from the field through observation with the questionnaire and in-depth interview and field note. In addition, forty-one students were chosen as samples, whilst only ten were selected and invited to have an in-depth interview; these were chosen by using purposive sampling. Finally, the major implication of this study is to confront the problems dealt with the students in training of speech as a recommendation in education that should be taken into account and needs to be solved immediately and for the other researcher to conduct in-depth investigations of research to produce a better outcomes.Keywords: Glossophobias, Speaking Performance, Training of Speech
Convicts Life in James Tucker’s The Adventures of Ralph Rashleigh
Authors: Marliana Rina
Published: March 2019

Convicts Life In James Tucker’s The Adventures Of Ralph Rashleigh.  Convicts transported from Britain to Australia are one of historical phenomenon. This research is aimed to describe the convicts life in the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century in Australia as illustrated in The Adventures of Ralph Rashleigh by James Tucker. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by using library research and it was analyzed by applying sociological approach proposed by Swingewood (1972) who revealed three classifications of sociology of literature. In this case, the researcher focused on the classification of sociology as the mirror of age. The result of this research showed that the convicts alive harshly in Australia where the flogging was a common punishment for them
The Correlation Between Lecturers’ Teaching Styles and Students’ Reading Habit Towards Reading Comprehension
Authors: Syafitri Nining
Published: March 2019

Students’ reading habit and lecturers’ teaching in a classroom have a role to raise students’ achievement forbeing an important part of successful teaching and learning process. The aims of the research were toobserve 1) the lecturers’ teaching styles in teaching Extensive Reading class, 2) the students’ reading habit,and 3) the correlation between lecturers’ teaching style and students’ reading habit in readingcomprehension. The research employed a correlational research. Data sources were obtained from readinghabit questionnaire distributed to the students, teaching style survey based on Grasha-Riechmann to thelecturers, and TOEFL in reading test section to the students. The research indicated that 1) Lecturer 1 (D1)had moderate category as Expert and Facilitator, but high category for Formal Authority, Personal Model,and Delegator. Lecturer 2 (D2) had high category as Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, andDelegator, but moderate category for Facilitator. Lecturer 3 (D3) had high scores for five categories (Expert,Formal Authority, Personal Model, Facilitator, and Delegator), 2) the students’ reading habit category werefair, and 3) the lecturers’ teaching style was inversely correlated to reading comprehension. Reading habithad a proportionate relationship to reading comprehension. R value (0.661) indicated correlation betweenlecturers’ teaching style and students’ reading habit on reading comprehension is strong. Readingcomprehension skill should not be only observed from students’ reading habit, but also lecturers’ teachingstyle, for the success of learning and teaching in classroom.
The Role of Inquiry Based Learning to Improve Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
Authors: Ermawati '
Published: March 2019

Approaches in reading have widely emerged to fulfill the needs of learners to comprehend a text and to change their reading habit which is one of them is Inquiry Based Learning (IBL). Thus, this study aims to identify the role of Inquiry Based Learning to improve reading comprehension. The design of this study was mixed method with QUAN-qual model. The quantitative method used quasi-experimental design with control and experimental group including pre-test and post-test. It used purposive sampling technique to determine the samples who involved 40 students; 19 students in control class and 21 students in experimental class. This study was conducted at third semester students of English Education Department of STKIP Muhammadiyah Sidrap. The data were gained through test and non-test (questionnaire and interview). Then, the data were analyzed through SPSS 22. The significant findings of the recent study was the roles of IBL; developing students’ reading proficiency, engaging the students with complex texts, practicing students’ all levels of comprehension as they take a part in IBL phases,activating students prior knowledge, aligning inquiry process to students’ reading comprehension, providing students to work with team and enhancing students’ learning process. Finally, this study could be implemented practically and pedagogically in the study of IBL.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF CURONIAN LAGOON DATA WITH GSTAT
Authors: Garška R. , Krūminiene I.
Published: March 2019

The typical goal of geostatistical analysis is to interpolate values of variable under consideration at unobserved locations using data on observed locations because it is not feasible to gather all data of the observations in the study area. The second goal is to know how they represent the study area on the basis of the sample points. Kriging is one of geostatistical methods for spatial interpolation. This method relies on the spatial correlation reflected in the available data and so represents a global view of all the data as well as the nearest neighbor influence. Before spatial prediction using kriging can be executed, the semivariogram has to be computed and modelled.

The objective of our work is to create maps of the Curonian lagoon using kriging and cokriging methods. Our spatial data consist of observations on sounding and bed sediments of different Curonian lagoon locations. For computation and simulation of semivariograms, as well as for application kriging and cokriging methods and visualization of results on maps Gstat and PCRaster are used.

Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas‐Gstat bei PCRaster programu pagalba sukurti prognozuojamu duomenu ir ju dispersiju žemelapius. Žemelapiams sudaryti pritaikyti krigingo ir kokrigingo metodai. Krigingas yra vienas iš geostatistikos metodu, kuris atsižvelgdamas i erdvini dvieju kintamuju ryši ir kaimyniniu tašku reikšmes atlieka erdvine interpoliacija. Tuo tarpu kok‐rigingas atlieka pirminio kintamojo duomenu prognoze naudojant antriniu kintamuju duomenis. Pagrindinis geostatistines analizes tikslas yra interpoliuoti duomenis nežinomuose srities taškuose, nes dažniausiai atliekant geostatistinius tyrimus naudojami daliniai stebejimai, kurie apima tik visumos dali; arba nera žinoma, ar imties duomenys pakankamai gerai atspindi visa studijuojama sriti. Rezultatu analize parode, kad tikslesne prognoze gaunama taikant kokrigingo metoda.
THE FIRST BASIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF RIEMANN'S TYPE FOR BIANALYTICAL FUNCTIONS IN A PLANE WITH SLOTS
Authors: Bolotin I. B. , Rasulov K .M.
Published: March 2019

The paper is devoted to the investigation of one of the basic boundary value problems of Riemann's type for bianalytical functions. In the course of work there was made out a constructive method for solution of the problem given in a plane with slots. There was also found out that the solution of the problem under consideration consists of consequent solutions of two Riemann's boundary value problems for analytical functions in a plane with slots. Besides, a picture of solvability of the problem is being searched and its Noether is identified.

Šiame darbe tyrinejamas uždavinys, kai ieškoma dalimis bianaliziniu funkciju, nykstančiu begalybeje, apribotu greta kontūro trūkio tašku ir šiame kontūre tenkinančiu dvi kraštines salygas. Parodoma, kad sprendžiamas uždavinys suvedamas i sprendima dvieju Rimano uždaviniu analizinems funkcijoms.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY TWO-LAYERED PULSATILE BLOOD FLOW IN A STENOSED FLEXIBLE ARTERY: EFFECT OF PERIPHERAL LAYER VISCOSITY
Authors: Chakravarty S. , Mandal P. K. , Mandal A.
Published: March 2019

The present paper deals with a theoretical investigation of blood flow in an arterial segment in the presence of stenosis. The streaming blood is treated to be composed of two different layers ‐ the central core and the plasma. The former is considered to be non‐Newtonian liquid characterised by the Power law model, while the latter is chosen to be Newtonian. The artery is simulated as an elastic (moving wall) cylindrical tube. The unsteady flow mechanism of the present study is subjected to a pulsatile pressure gradient arising from the normal functioning of the heart. The time‐variant geometry of the stenosis has been accounted for in order to improve resemblance to the real situation. The unsteady flow mechanism, subjected to pulsatile pressure gradient, has been solved using finite difference scheme by exploiting the physically realistic prescribed conditions. An extensive quantitative analysis has been performed through numerical computations of the flow velocity, the flux, the resistive impedances and the wall shear stresses, together with their dependence with the time, the input pressure gradient and the severity of the stenosis, presented graphically at the end of the paper in order to illustrate the applicability of the model under consideration. Special emphasis has been made to compare the existing results with the present ones and found to have a good agreement.

Straipsnyje nagrinejamas kraujo srauto tekejimas esant stenozei. Nagrinejamas dvisluoks‐nis kraujo tekejimas. Arterija modeliuojama kaip vamzdis su elastinemis sienelemis. Kraujo srauto nestacionaruma sukelia širdies veikla. Skaitinis sprendinys randamas baigtiniu skirtumu metodu. Atlikta kokybine skaitiniu sprendiniu analize iliustruojanti greičiu, srautu, sieneles itampu priklausomybe laike. Skaitiniai rezultatai pakankamai gerai patvirtina eksperimentinius duomenis.
PARALLEL NUMERICAL MODELLING OF SHORT LASER PULSE COMPRESSION
Authors: Čiegis R. , Dement'ev A. , Šilko G.
Published: March 2019

In this paper we investigate parallel numerical algorithms for solution of the transient stimulated scattering processes. A new symmetrical splitting scheme is proposed and a parallel version is given. The efficiency of the parallel algorithm is investigated for two cases. The first one describes a case when the computation region is constant during the whole time of computations. The second one describes the initial phase of the process, when the computational region increases linearly in time. In order to distribute more evenly jobs between processors a dynamical the grid redistribution algorithm is is used. We also give a proof of one result about optimal static grid distribution in the case of linearly increased problem complexity. The results of computations are presented. They were obtained on different parallel computers and clusters of workstations.

Nagrinejamas priverstines Brijueno sklaidos fokusuotuose pluoštuose uždavinio lygiagretusis skaitinis sprendimo algoritmas. Sukonstruota simetrinio skaidymo baigtiniu skirtumu schema, kurios tikslumas yra antrosios eiles. Lygiagretusis algoritmas gautas naudojant duomenu lygiagretumo paradigma. Detaliai nagrinejamas dinamiškai didejančio sudetingumo uždavinys, modeliuojantis Brijueno sklaidos procesa, kai neužduodama kraštine salyga Stokso bangai. Irodyta hipoteze apie vieno stacionaraus blokinio duomenu paskirstymo algoritmo op‐timaluma. Eksperimentiškai ištirtas dinaminis duomenu perskirstymo algoritmas, patvirtintas jo efektyvumas net ir fiksuoto dydžio uždaviniams. Darbe pateikti skaitinio eksperimento, atlikto naudojant VGTU 20 procesoriu klasteri, rezultatai. Jie patvirtino gautuosius teorinius rezultatus, išsam us fizikiniai rezultatai bus išspausdinti kituose darbuose.
ON AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHOTTKY GROUPS OF SYMMETRIES
Authors: Dubatovskaya M. V. , Rogosin S. V.
Published: March 2019

Exact description of the Schottky groups of symmetries is given for certain special configurations of multiply connected circular domains. It is used in the representation of the solution of the Schwarz problem which is applied at the study of effective properties of composite materials.

Santrauka

Darbe pateiktas Schottky simetrijos grupiu apibrežimas tam tikros specialios konfiguracijos daugiajungems skritulinems sritims. Jis yra panaudotas gaunant Švarco uždavinio, kuris pritaikomas nagrinejant efektyvias kompoziciju savybes, sprendinio išraiška.
A PIEZOELECTRIC CONTACT PROBLEM WITH SLIP DEPENDENT COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
Authors: Sofonea M.
Published: March 2019

We consider a mathematical model which describes the static frictional contact between a piezoelectric body and an obstacle. The constitutive relation of the material is assumed to be electroelastic and involves a nonlinear elasticity operator. The contact is modelled with a version of Coulomb's law of dry friction in which the coefficient of friction depends on the slip. We derive a variational formulation for the model which is in form of a coupled system involving as unknowns the displacement field and the electric potential. Then we provide the existence of a weak solution to the model and, under a smallness assumption, we provide its uniqueness. The proof is based on a result obtained in [14] in the study of elliptic quasi‐variational inequalities.
The Nitrogen Carrier in Inner Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Salyk Colette , Banzatti Andrea , Blake Geoffrey A. , Walsh Catherine , Lacy John H. , Richter Matthew J.
Published: March 2019

The dominant reservoirs of elemental nitrogen in protoplanetary disks have not yet been observationally identified. Likely candidates are HCN, NH3, and N2. The relative abundances of these carriers determine the composition of planetesimals as a function of disk radius due to strong differences in their volatility. A significant sequestration of nitrogen in carriers less volatile than N2 is likely required to deliver even small amounts of nitrogen to the Earth and potentially habitable exoplanets. While HCN has been detected in small amounts in inner disks (<10 au), so far only relatively insensitive upper limits on inner disk NH3 have been obtained. We present new Gemini-TEXES high-resolution spectroscopy of the 10.75 μm band of warm NH3, and use two-dimensional radiative transfer modeling to improve previous upper limits by an order of magnitude to

at 1 au. These NH3 abundances are significantly lower than those typical for ices in circumstellar envelopes (

). We also consistently retrieve the inner disk HCN gas abundances using archival Spitzer spectra, and derive upper limits on the HCN ice abundance in protostellar envelopes using archival ground-based 4.7 μm spectroscopy ([HCNice]/[H2Oice] < 1.5%–9%). We identify the NH3/HCN ratio as an indicator of chemical evolution in the disk, and we use this ratio to suggest that inner disk nitrogen is efficiently converted from NH3 to N2, significantly increasing the volatility of nitrogen in planet-forming regions.
Is the Stellar Mass–Stellar Metallicity Relation Universal in the Milky Way Satellites and Beyond?
Authors: Xia Moran , Yu Qingjuan
Published: March 2019

Observations reveal a universal stellar mass–stellar metallicity relation (MZR) existing in Local Group dwarfs of different types,

Z

*

∝

M

*

α

with α = 0.30 ± 0.02. In this work, we investigate the “universality” of the MZRs for both satellites and central galaxies in a large number of different host dark matter halos covering a large mass range of 109–1015
h
−1

M

⊙

, by using a semianalytical galaxy formation and evolution model. We obtain the following results: (1) The exponents (α) for the MZRs of the satellites in halos with the same mass as the Milky Way halo, but different individual assembly histories, are mostly ∼0.2–0.4, i.e., having a scatter of ∼0.2; and the scatter of α increases with decreasing halo masses. (2) The MZR relations are changed little by the variation of halo masses and the classification between central galaxies and satellites, if many halos with the same mass are stacked together. (3) A double power law exists in the MZR relations for both central galaxies and stacked satellites, with α ∼ 0.2–0.4 at 103

M

⊙

 ≲ M
* ≲ 108

M

⊙

and a relatively higher α ∼ 0.5 at 108

M

⊙

 ≲ M
* ≲ 1011

M

⊙

. (4) The high-mass satellites (M
* ≳ 108

M

⊙

) existing mostly in high-mass halos can lead to an apparent increase of α (from ∼0.2 to ∼0.4) with increasing host halo masses shown in the single-power-law fitting results of stacked satellites. The universality of the MZR suggests the common physical processes in stellar formation and chemical evolution of galaxies can be unified over a large range of galaxy masses and halo masses.
Synthetic Emissions of the Fe xxi 1354 Å Line from Flare Loops Experiencing Fundamental Fast Sausage Oscillations
Authors: Shi Mijie , Li Bo , Huang Zhenghua , Chen Shao-Xia
Published: March 2019

Inspired by recent IRIS observations, we forward model the response of the Fe xxi 1354 Å line to fundamental, standing, linear fast sausage modes (FSMs) in flare loops. Starting with the fluid parameters for an FSM in a straight tube with equilibrium parameters largely compatible with the IRIS measurements, we synthesize the line profiles by incorporating the non-Equilibrium Ionization (NEI) effect in the computation of the contribution function. We find that both the intensity and Doppler shift oscillate at the wave period (P). The phase difference between the two differs from the expected value (90°) only slightly because NEI plays only a marginal role in determining the ionic fraction of Fe xxi in the examined dense loop. The Doppler width modulations, however, posses an asymmetry in the first and second halves of a wave period, leading to a secondary periodicity at P/2 in addition to the primary one at P. This behavior results from the competition between the broadening due to bulk flow and that due to temperature variations, with the latter being stronger but not overwhelmingly so. These expected signatures, with the exception of the Doppler width, are largely consistent with the IRIS measurements, thereby corroborating the reported detection of a fundamental FSM. The forward-modeled signatures are useful for identifying fundamental FSMs in flare loops from measurements of the Fe xxi 1354 Å line with instruments similar to IRIS, even though a much higher cadence is required for the expected behavior in the Doppler widths to be detected.
Scale Selection in the Stratified Convection of the Solar Photosphere
Authors: Kessar Mouloud , Hughes David W. , Kersalé Evy , Mizerski Krzysztof A. , Tobias Steven M.
Published: March 2019

We examine the role of stratification in determining the length scales of turbulent anelastic convection. Motivated by the range of scales observed in convection at the solar photosphere, we perform local numerical simulations of convection for a range of density contrasts in large domains, analyzing both the Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics of the flow. We consider the two cases of constant dynamic viscosity and constant kinematic viscosity. We discuss the implications of our results to the issue of solar mesogranulation.
The Aemulus Project. III. Emulation of the Galaxy Correlation Function
Authors: Zhai Zhongxu , Tinker Jeremy L. , Becker Matthew R. , DeRose Joseph , Mao Yao-Yuan , McClintock Thomas , McLaughlin Sean , Rozo Eduardo , Wechsler Risa H.
Published: March 2019

Using the N-body simulations of the Aemulus Project, we construct an emulator for the nonlinear clustering of galaxies in real and redshift space. We construct our model of galaxy bias using the halo occupation framework, accounting for possible velocity bias. The model includes 15 parameters, including both cosmological and galaxy bias parameters. We demonstrate that our emulator achieves ∼1% precision at the scales of interest, 0.1 h
−1 Mpc < r < 10 h
−1 Mpc, and recovers the true cosmology when tested against independent simulations. Our primary parameters of interest are related to the growth rate of structure, f, and its degenerate combination, fσ
8. Using this emulator, we show that the constraining power on these parameters monotonically increases as smaller scales are included in the analysis, all the way down to 0.1 h
−1 Mpc. For a BOSS-like survey, the constraints on fσ
8 from r < 30 h
−1 Mpc scales alone are nearly a factor of two tighter than those from the fiducial BOSS analysis of redshift-space clustering using perturbation theory at larger scales. The combination of real- and redshift-space clustering allows us to break the degeneracy between f and σ
8, yielding an 11% constraint on f alone for a BOSS-like analysis. The current Aemulus simulations limit this model to surveys of massive galaxies. Future simulations will allow this framework to be extended to all galaxy target types, including emission-line galaxies.
Transition Probabilities of Sc i and Sc ii and Scandium Abundances in the Sun, Arcturus, and HD 84937
Authors: Lawler J. E. , Hala  , Sneden C. , Nave G. , Wood M. P. , Cowan J. J.
Published: March 2019

New branching fraction (BF) measurements for lines of Sc i and Sc ii from 24 Fourier transform spectra calibrated using standard lamps and the Ar branching ratio method are reported. The BFs for 259 lines are converted to absolute atomic transition probabilities using published radiative lifetimes from laser-induced fluorescence measurements. Detailed comparison to earlier published BF measurements corroborates most of the earlier results, with the exception of the yellow-line multiplet of Sc ii near 17,500 cm−1 or ≈5700 Å. The BFs of lines in this multiplet are found to be systematically too small by several error bars in earlier research. These new lab data on Sc, as well as recent hyperfine-structure studies, are applied to determine the abundance of scandium in the Sun, Arcturus, and HD 84937. General agreement is found with previous scandium abundance determinations in these stars. New consideration of scandium in metal-poor stars confirms that Sc abundances are correlated with Ti and V abundances.
Wideband Polarized Radio Emission from the Newly Revived Magnetar XTE J1810–197
Authors: Dai Shi , Lower Marcus E. , Bailes Matthew , Camilo Fernando , Halpern Jules P. , Johnston Simon , Kerr Matthew , Reynolds John , Sarkissian John , Scholz Paul
Published: March 2019

The anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810−197 was the first magnetar found to emit pulsed radio emission. After spending almost a decade in a quiescent, radio-silent state, the magnetar was reported to have undergone a radio outburst in 2018 December. We observed radio pulsations from XTE J1810−197 during this early phase of its radio revival using the Ultra-Wideband Low receiver system of the Parkes radio telescope, obtaining wideband (704–4032 MHz) polarization pulse profiles, single pulses, and flux density measurements. Dramatic changes in polarization and rapid variations of the position angle of linear polarization across the main pulse and in time have been observed. The pulse profile exhibits similar structures throughout our three observations (over a week timescale), displaying a small amount of profile evolution in terms of polarization and pulse width across the wideband. We measured a flat radio spectrum across the band with a positive spectral index, in addition to small levels of flux and spectral index variability across our observing span. The observed wideband polarization properties are significantly different compared to those taken after the 2003 outburst, and therefore provide new information about the origin of radio emission.
First Observations of Irregular Surface of Interplanetary Shocks at Ion Scales by Cluster
Authors: Kajdič Primož , Preisser Luis , Blanco-Cano Xóchitl , Burgess David , Trotta Domenico
Published: March 2019

We present the first observational evidence of the irregular surface of interplanetary (IP) shocks by using multispacecraft observations of the Cluster mission. In total we discuss observations of four IP shocks that exhibit moderate Alfvénic Mach numbers (M
A ≤ 6.5). Three of them are high-β shocks with upstream β = 2.2–3.7. During the times when these shocks were observed, the Cluster spacecraft formed constellations with inter-spacecraft separations ranging from less than one upstream ion inertial length (d

i
) up to 100 d

i
. Expressed in kilometers, the distances ranged between 38 km and ∼104 km. We show that magnetic field profiles and the local shock normals of observed shocks are very similar when the spacecraft are of the order of one d

i
apart, but are strikingly different when the distances increase to 10 or more d

i
. We interpret these differences to be due to the irregular surface of IP shocks and discuss possible causes for such irregularity. We strengthen our interpretation by comparing observed shock profiles with profiles of simulated shocks. The latter had similar characteristics (M
A, θ

BN
, upstream ion β) as observed shocks and the profiles were obtained at separations across the simulation domain equivalent to the Cluster inter-spacecraft distances.
Still Missing Dark Matter: KCWI High-resolution Stellar Kinematics of NGC1052-DF2
Authors: Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter , Conroy Charlie , Abraham Roberto , Romanowsky Aaron J.
Published: March 2019

The velocity dispersion of the ultra diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 was found to be

km s−1, much lower than expected from the stellar mass–halo mass relation and nearly identical to the expected value from the stellar mass alone. This result was based on the radial velocities of 10 luminous globular clusters that were assumed to be associated with the galaxy. A more precise measurement is possible from high-resolution spectroscopy of the diffuse stellar light. Here we present an integrated spectrum of the diffuse light of NGC1052-DF2 obtained with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), with an instrumental resolution of σ
instr ≈ 12 km s−1. The systemic velocity of the galaxy is v
sys = 1805 ± 1.1 km s−1, in very good agreement with the average velocity of the globular clusters (

km s−1). There is no evidence for rotation within the KCWI field of view. We find a stellar velocity dispersion of

km s−1, consistent with the dispersion that was derived from the globular clusters. The implied dynamical mass within the half-light radius r
1/2 = 2.7 kpc is M
dyn = (1.3 ± 0.8) × 108
M
⊙, similar to the stellar mass within that radius (M
stars = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 108
M
⊙). With this confirmation of the low velocity dispersion of NGC1052-DF2, the most urgent question is whether this “missing dark matter problem” is unique to this galaxy or applies more widely.
High-drag Interstellar Objects and Galactic Dynamical Streams
Authors: Eubanks T. M.
Published: March 2019

The nature of 1I/’Oumuamua (henceforth, 1I), the first interstellar object (ISO) known to pass through the solar system, remains mysterious. Feng & Jones noted that the incoming 1I velocity vector “at infinity” (

) is close to the motion of the Pleiades dynamical stream (or Local Association), and suggested that 1I is a young object ejected from a star in that stream. Micheli et al. subsequently detected nongravitational acceleration in the 1I trajectory; this acceleration would not be unusual in an active comet, but 1I observations failed to reveal any signs of activity. Bialy & Loeb hypothesized that the anomalous 1I acceleration was instead due to radiation pressure, which would require an extremely low mass-to-area ratio (or area density). Here I show that a low area density can also explain the very close kinematic association of 1I and the Pleiades stream, as it renders 1I subject to drag capture by interstellar gas clouds. This supports the radiation pressure hypothesis and suggests that there is a significant population of low area density ISOs in the Galaxy, leading, through gas drag, to enhanced ISO concentrations in the galactic dynamical streams. Any ISO entrained in a dynamical stream will have a predictable incoming

targeted deep surveys using this information should be able to find dynamical stream objects from months to as much as a year before their perihelion, providing the lead time needed for fast-response missions for the future in situ exploration of such objects.
Approach to the Assessment of the Military Potential of the State - an Example of the Russian Federation
Authors: Procházka Josef , Stojar Richard
Published: March 2019

The aim of the text is to present the approach to assessing the military potential of the state as well as the will or possibilities to be used to achieve national strategic interests or power objectives. This approach is methodologically based on the sectoral analysis of the state's power potential and its possible projections in the construction and use of armed forces. The described and used approach in the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic is applied to the current Russian Federation and its military or power activities
The Prevalence of Malocclusion among Schoolchildren in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fatani Nuha H. , Ba Hammam Manal Ahmed , Oraif Hana’a , Taher Sara , Taju Waleed , Bukhari Omair
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of malocclusion varies from one region to another and among different age groups and ethnicities. According to the World Health Organization, malocclusion is the third most common abnormal dental condition.
AIM: This study aims to establish the prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in the Holy City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Saudi schoolchildren, 12-15 years of age, of both genders, randomly selected from 15 schools in different regions of Makkah. Molar and canine relationships were examined, in addition to traits such as crowding, spacing, overjet, overbite, cross-bite, scissor bite, and maxillary diastema.
RESULTS: The most prevalent molar relationship was Class I (52.3%), followed by Class II (25%), and Class III (20.5%). Crowding was the most prevalent malocclusion trait (74%), and scissor bite was the least common (2.5%). A statistically significant difference was found between males and females in most of the recorded criteria (P < 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Among schoolchildren in Makkah, Class I molar relationship was the most prevalent type of occlusion, and the most prevalent malocclusion trait was crowding.
Bruxism Unconscious Oral Habit in Everyday Life
Authors: Demjaha Genc , Kapusevska Biljana , Pejkovska-Shahpaska Budima
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is defined as an unconscious oral habit of rhythmical, unfunctional clenching, grinding and making chewy sounds with the teeth while making movements that are not part of the masticatory function and that lead to occlusal trauma.
AIM: The purpose of this article is to show the habit bruxism, in everyday life, reviewing literature data.
METHODS: Data was researched by using information on the internet on Researchgate, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, by analysing written articles and books and student books. From 200 articles that were analysed, 45 articles and two textbooks were involved in writing of this review article.
RESULTS: Results derived from the analyzed literature, classify the main consequences of bruxism, from fatigue, pain, wasting of the incisal edges and occlusal surfaces of the teeth to loss of teeth, dental implants, headaches, periodontal lesions and TMD (dysfunctions of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ)) in severe cases. All these problems negatively affect the quality of everyday life of the patient.
CONCLUSION: Bruxism as a parafunctional habit is present in everyday life needing a multidisciplinary approach for prevention of the teeth, bone and prosthetic restorations. The prevalence of bruxism is growing related to stress, drugs, changes in lifestyle, bad nutrition and sleep problems. The therapist should follow signs and symptoms to ensure the best treatment plan of the patient.
Arthroscopic Reduction and Percutaneous Osteosynthesis of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Mitev Konstantin , Zafiroski Gorgi , Mladenovski Sasho , Nikolov Ljupcho
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Tibial plateau fractures are complex lesions capable of causing severe consequences if not appropriately treated. They are often the result of high-energy trauma and, not rarely, are associated with significant soft-tissue and intra-articular injuries. Different therapeutic options can be managed in the treatment of these lesions. Minimally invasive surgery percutaneous technique-offers several advantages compared to other surgical techniques and allows, with less additional soft tissue damages, good reduction and stable fixation of the fracture.
CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we assessed the results of the combined arthroscopic and radioscopic assisted reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures in 7 patients with Schatzker type II and III.
CONCLUSION: According to Hohl’s and Rasmussen’s grading system, all of the patients scored excellent and good results at 1 year follow up. We experienced no complications due to arthroscopy.
Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Characteristics in Acute and Recurrent Erysipelas
Authors: Brishkoska-Boshkovski Vesna , Dimitrovska Irena , Kondova-Topuzovska Irena
Published: March 2019

AIM: Typical feature of erysipelas, especially on the lower limbs, is the tendency to reoccur. The study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute and recurrent erysipelas.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively included patients diagnosed with erysipelas on the lower limbs in the period from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with the first episode and recurrent erysipelas. The groups were compared by their demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics.
RESULTS: The study included 187 patients with the first episode of erysipelas and 126 patients with recurrent erysipelas. Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics, gender and age. Mean age of patients with the first episode of erysipelas was 64.18 ± 12.5 years; patients with recurrent erysipelas were inconsiderably mean younger (62.98 ± 12.5 years). Patients in both groups had a significantly different anatomical localisation of skin infection (p = 0.008). Tibial localisation was more frequent in patients with the first episode of erysipelas 77% vs 62.7%, while recurrent erysipelas was more frequent on the foot 36.5% vs 23%. No significant difference was found, about the affected side of the limb (p = 0.95). Patients with recurrent erysipelas had a pronounced inflammatory response, seen through significantly higher values of C reactive protein (p = 0.02), granulocytes (p = 0.03), fibrinogen (p < 0.0001), and higher body temperature, (37.22 ± 0.97 p = 0.006). Length of hospital stay was increased in the recurrent group.
CONCLUSION: Erysipelas is more frequent in older people; it has seasonal character and tendency to reoccur. Identifying clinical and laboratories characteristics of those at risk may prevent recurrence and long term comorbidities.