bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candidosen im Orointestinaltrakt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ösophagus: Orointestinal candidosis with special regard of the oesophagus
Authors: Bernhardt Jorn
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung. Die orointestinalen Candidosen sind hauptsächlich im oralen und ösophagealen Bereich lokalisiert. Die Soorösophagitis ist nicht nur bei AIDS‐ Patienten, sondcrn auch bei Patienten intensivmedizinischer Stationen mit entsprerhenden Risikofaktoren zu linden. Bei 124 dieser Patienten wurde cine obere Intestinoskopie durchgeführt. Eine Candida‐Ösophagitis konnte 6mal nachgewiesen werden, 2mal fand sich ein gastraler Candida‐Befall. Der Apache‐II‐Score aller Patienten lag bei 26,7, bei den Patienten mit Candida‐Befall bei 29,5. Einen signilikanten Anstieg der Candida‐Antikörpertiter wiesen 59 der 124 Patienten (47,6%) auf, darunter alle Patienten mit Candida‐Ösophagitis. Vermutlich lagen hier auch Mykosen anderer Lokalisation vor. Es fand sich eine Korrelation des Schweregrades des Mukosabefalls und der mikroskopischen Invasivitätszeichen.

Summery. Orointestinal mycoses are localized mainly in the oral cavity and in the oesophagus. Candida oesophagitis is not only found in AIDS‐patients, also in patients of risk admitted to intensive care units. Upper intestinoscopies were made in 124 patients. Oesophageal candidosis was found in 6 patients, two of them had also Candida plaques in the stomach. The patients of the intensive care unit had an Apache‐II‐score of 26,7, those with Candida oesophagitis were 29,5. A significant increase in Candida antibodies was observed with 59 of 124 patients (47,6%), including all patients with oesophageal candidosis. Obviously also Candida infections of other localisations must be suspected. There was a correlation between the severity of endoscopic aspects and the invasiveness observed microscopically.
Lifestyle and health promoting behaviours in Jordanian subjects without prior history of coronary heart disease
Authors: Eshah Nidal F.
Published: January 2011

Eshah NF. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 27–35

Lifestyle and health promoting behaviours in Jordanian subjects without prior history of coronary heart disease

Modern styles of living and the accelerated pace of life could direct people to adopt unhealthy lifestyles. Globally, literature indicates that the percentages of people who adopt healthy lifestyle behaviour (HLB) are disappointing. This study aimed to identify the level of adoption of HLB in Jordanian subjects and to compare the sociodemographic and self‐reported clinical history based on the HLB adoption level. Cross‐section descriptive study was conducted and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile‐II was used to reflect subjects' adoption of HLB. Through convenience sampling 260 subjects were enrolled; 50% had excess weight, 30% were current smokers, 53% had never had their cholesterol assessed. Findings revealed that subjects were not adopting HLB regularly. Women, married, educated, young subjects and having higher income subjects had higher HLB adoption level. Health‐promotion programmes are urgently needed for this community and sociodemographic variables have to be considered throughout preparation, implementation and evaluation phases of such programmes.
Citrullinaemia type I: A common mutation in the Pacific Island population
Authors: Glamuzina Emma , Marquis‐Nicholson Renate , Knoll Detlef , Love Donald R , Wilson Callum
Published: January 2011

Aim:  The aim of this study was to develop and apply a mutation screening protocol for the ASS1 gene in order to confirm the diagnosis of citrullinaemia type I in neonates with elevated citrulline on expanded newborn screening (E‐NBS).

Methods:  Three patients with an elevated citrulline level were identified via routine E‐NBS between January and October 2008. Analysis of the ASS1 gene using a polymerase chain reaction and sequencing‐based method was successfully applied to all three patients, together with a rapid mutation‐specific detection method. Their clinical progress was followed for 16–22 months.

Results:  All three patients were homozygous for a previously reported missense mutation, c.787G>A (p.Val263Met), associated with a mild or asymptomatic clinical course.

Conclusions:  As a consequence of E‐NBS, an increasing number of neonates with elevated citrulline of uncertain clinical significance are being identified. Rapid sequence analysis of the ASS1 gene can be used to confirm citrullinaemia type I and, increasingly, to infer phenotypic severity. Homozygosity for the same mutation was found in all three patients despite non‐consanguinity and variable Pacific Island origin. These data suggest that this mutation may be relatively prevalent in these ethnic groups and imply a possible founder effect.
Stability and sterility of diluted enoxaparin under three different storage conditions
Authors: Summerhayes Robyn , Chan Maria , Ignjatovic Vera , Prankerd Richard , Monagle Paul
Published: January 2011

Aim:  This study assessed whether enoxaparin sodium diluted to a concentration of 20 mg/mL for clinical use with 0.9% sodium chloride remained stable and sterile for up to 43 days under three different storage conditions.

Methods:  Enoxaparin dilutions in polypropylene syringes were stored under three different controlled conditions of temperature and light: (i) room temperature (22–26°C) under natural light; (ii) room temperature (22–26°C) in the dark; and (iii) controlled refrigeration (2–8°C) in the dark. A weekly assay of anti‐Xa and anti‐IIa activity was undertaken to determine if the diluted enoxaparin preparations retained anticoagulant activity, thus remaining suitable for clinical application.

Results:  Our findings indicate that diluted enoxaparin, when stored under the tested varied conditions of light and temperature, retained greater than or equal to 90% of baseline anticoagulant activity for anti‐Xa and anti‐IIa effect for up to 43 days.

Conclusions:  The study results are significant for families, in that they suggest that at least a month's supply of enoxaparin could be dispensed at a time, reducing the frequency of patients/families returning for supply and providing a more convenient service for paediatric patients.
Lipoprotein(a) identifies cardiovascular risk in childhood: The Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Cunningham Teresa E , Sayers Susan M , Singh Gurmeet R
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To describe the lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a) )profile and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in Australian Aboriginal children.

Methods:  A cross‐sectional study within a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Darwin Health Region (Northern Territory, Australia). Subjects were Aboriginal children born between 1987 and 1990 who were re‐examined between 1998 and 2001. Outcome measures were cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoB, apoA1, apoA1/B ratio, anthropometric measures, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, maternal smoking and nutrition.

Results:  At a mean age of 11.4 years, results showed that high concentrations of Lp(a) were significantly related to well‐known lipid‐based CVD risk factors for both boys and girls, and that only one anthropometric factor, height, was significant for girls. Non‐genetic factors and maternal smoking were not found to be significant contributors to Lp(a) concentrations.

Conclusions:  Lp(a) should be considered as a more effective marker of CVD than anthropometric measures, and children from families with a history of premature CVD should be regularly screened for this factor.
Immunologic Characterization of Reed‐Sternberg Cells and Other Cell Components in Lymph Nodes With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Shimosato Yukio , Sato Yuichi , Shimoyama Masanori , Tobinai Kensei , Mikata Atsuo
Published: January 2011

Seven lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease were immunologically studied. Histologically these cases consisted of 3 lymphocyte predominance, 2 mixed cellularity, and 2 nodular sclerosis. Positive staining of mononuclear Hodgkin‐ and multinuclear Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells were obtained with anti‐Ia like antigens and OKT9 (anti‐transferrin receptor) monoclonal antibodies. No supportive data for discussing similarity of RS cells with ordinary histiocytes, B‐lymphocytes or T‐lymphocytes were obtained from the study of surface phenotype, although some analogy was present with histiocytes. Small lymphocytes around RS cells were helper/inducer T‐lymphocytes, and the relationship between these T‐lymphocytes and RS cells was discussed.
Electron Microscopic Studies on IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Kimura Masamichi , Sato Izumi , Shiratori Yuko , Sugawara Nobuki , Ozawa Kazuhiro , Yamabe Hideaki
Published: January 2011

We carried out electron microscopic studies on renal tissues from 9 patients with IgA nephropathy. Electron dense deposits were present in the mesangial area in all cases, subendothelial deposits in 4, and subepithelial deposits in only one. In basement membrane, segmental swelling and rarefaction of basement membrane substance were observed. In some cases the degenerated basement membrane substance protruded through the dilated endothelial fenestration into capillary lumina. Focal splitting, attenuation, mouse eaten appearance, and herniation of basement membrane were seen in a high incidence. Mesangial cells possessed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulums and polysomes. In the peripheral areas of mesangial cell cytoplasm, there was accumulation of electron dense substance and this was occasionally continuously present in the mesangial matrix. There was segmental swelling of endothelial cell cytoplasm, resulting in loss of fenestration. Epithelial cells had well developed rough endoplasmic reticulums and polysomes. Segmental foot process fusion was seen, and these processes, regardless of fusion, became electron denser in the area close to the basement membrane. Multivesiculated bodies were present in all cases in the epithelial cells and in 7 cases in the endothelial cells. Spherical microparticles were present in 3 cases in the urinary space or between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells.
Anaplastic Giant Cell Tumor With Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of The Ovary Origin of the Giant Cells
Authors: Yamana Kazunari , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Nakano Ryuji , Morimatsu Minoru , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: January 2011

The present case is that of a 27 years old woman who had received right oophorectomy for ovarian cancer nine years previously. The histological diagnosis at that time was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with anaplastic areas. The patient expired ten years after oophorectomy due to widespread metastases of the tumor. Review of the histological slides revealed ovarian giant cell tumor which was considered to be of epithelial origin differing from those appearing in giant cell tumor of bone.
Von Recklinghausen's Disease (Neurofibromatosis) Associated with Malignant Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Okada Eikichi , Shozawa Takeshi
Published: January 2011

An autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease (vRD) associated with malignant pheochromocytoma is reported. The patient is a 36‐year‐old Japanese male and diagnosed as vRD both clinically and pathologically. He died from right adrenal tumor with wide spread metastases to lungs and bone marrow. The tumors presented satisfactory histological features in favor of pheochromocytoma and neurosecretory granules were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic lesions ultrastructurally. Statistical study of 182,673 autopsy cases from Annuals of Japanese Autopsy Cases was also done in order to investigate the relationship between vRD and associating tumors including benign and malignant pheochromocytoma. Cases with vRD showed significantly higher incidences of malignant Schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, intracranial glioma, and pheochromocytoma compared to that of non‐vRD cases. Other malignancies revealed rather smaller incidences than non‐vRD cases. These neurogenic tumors are to be principal life threatening problems in patients with vRD. Rare incidence of malignant pheochromocytoma in vRD is to become from low incidence of pheochromocytoma, though significantly greater than that of non‐vRD cases.
An Ultrastructural Study of Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Komiya Setsuro , Irie Kohji , Sasaguri Yasuyuki , Morimatsu Minoru , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: January 2011

A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma was studied ultrastructurally, cytologically, and cytochemically. This tumor was, as in that of osseous origin, composed of densely packed highly undifferentiated blastemic cells and so‐called “darker cells.” The principal tumor cells were undifferentiated cells, which were characterized by the scant cytoplasm containing a variable amount of glycogen granules, large round or oval nuclei with dispersed chromatin, and rudimentary cytoplasmic junctional complexes. Some of the darker cells seemed to show somewhat histiocytic differentiation from principal blastemic cells, but the others were degenerating. Cytochemically, no tumor cells revealed the presence of peroxidase, lysozymes, and Factor VIII‐related antigen. It is likely that both Ewing's sarcomas of osseous and extraosseous origin are defined as undifferentiated sarcoma merely characterized by the presence of glycogen.
Findings Of Myoepithelial Cells In Human Breast Cancer Ultrastructural And Immunohistochemical Study By Means Of Anti‐Myosin Antibody
Authors: Hayashi Yuzo , Aoki Yoichiro , Eto Ryozo , Tokuoka Shoji
Published: January 2011

Detailed light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical observations were made on the distribution and morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells in the 53 cases of breast cancer. In non‐invasive carcinoma, myoepithelial cells in the normal duct were found to be remaining at the outer margin of the cancer nests, but neoplastic myoepithelial cells were not detected in the carcinoma tissue. In invasive carcinoma, a small number of fluorescence‐weakly‐positive cells could be observed in more than 50% of medullary‐tubular carcinoma, in all cases of papillary‐tubular carcinoma, and two of three cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. Almost all of these cells were ultrastructurally intermediate cells which have the morphological characteristics of both epithelial cell and myoepithelial cell. Fluorescence‐positive cells were observed in all cases of scirrhous carcinoma. Moreover, these cells showed a stronger fluorescence than that of other types of carcinoma and were ultrastructurally more similar to normal myoepithelial cell. The tumor cells having myoepithelial characteristics in invasive carcinoma showed a stronger tendency for arranging at the margin of carcinoma nests in contact with the stroma. The results of the present study indicate that in invasive carcinoma of the breast, neoplastic myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated together with ductal epithelial cells and as to its histogenesis, there is a possibility that breast cancer develops from common stem cells which have the ability of differentiating into both epthelial and myoepithelial cell because of the presence of intermediate cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 537–552, 1984.
Ultrastructure Of Anaplastic Carcinoma (Spindle And Giant Cell Type) With Large Calcification In The Thyroid Gland
Authors: Yamanay Kazunari , Nakano Ryuji , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Morimatsu Minoru , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: January 2011

Calcification is rare in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, because of it's rapid progress. We report here such a case seen in a 73‐year‐old male who terminated from pulmonary metastases 4 months after initial diagnosis of spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 585–592, 1984.
Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy And Treated Multiple Myeloma An Autopsy Case Without Intrathecal Chemotherapy Or Irradiation Of The Brain
Authors: Mizutani Toshio , Morimatsu Yoshio , Hayakawa Kinya
Published: January 2011

A 48‐year‐old woman with multiple myeloma, developed progressive neurological disturbances one year after the bone marrow remission. There was neither intrathecal chemotherapy nor brain irradiation. She received cyclophosphamide, phenylalanine mustard, urethane, and prednisolone intravenously or orally. At postmortem examination the cerebral hemispheres had a conspicuous destruction of white matter, consistent with a necrotizing leukoencephalopathy with focal and diffuse demyelination. No myeloma cells were found in the nervous system. Alzheimer type II glias and abnormal glias closely resembling Alzheimer type I glia were numerous in the affected white matter. No oligodendroglias with intranuclear inclusions were found. No virus particles were detected by electron microscope. The neuropathological changes had features similar to those seen in leukoencephalopathy with intrathecal administration of methotrexate. The glial abnormality, the most striking feature in the present case, strongly suggests toxic and metabolic disturbances. It appears that the leukoencephalopathy of the present case devoloped on the more complicated etiopathogenesis. However, it would be emphasized that the side‐effects of the drugs could be considered as one of the etiological factors causing the glial abnormality. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 655–662, 1984.
Malignant Cystosarcoma Phyllodes Of Prostate
Authors: Yokota Tadaaki , Yamashita Yoshimi , Okuzono Yoshiko , Takahashi Mutsuo , Fujihara Shigeyoshi , Akizuki Shin'ichiro , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya , Iwata Takako
Published: January 2011

A case of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate is reported in a 45‐year‐old male. This tumor was composed of benign columnar or squamous cystic folds and sarcomatous stroma including rhabdomyomatous elements. The prostatic origin of the tumor was clearly proved by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 663–668, 1984.
Histologic transformation in extranodal non‐hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Aozasa Katsuyuki , Ikeda Hiroshi , Masaki Norie , Shigematsu Yasushi
Published: January 2011

Histologic transformation in the course of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been reported to occur in 18 to 30% of the cases. Less favorable prognosis in cases with initial low grade malignancy followed by emergence of high grade malignancy has been previously described. In the previous literature, the histologic transformation has been examined mostly in nodal NHL. In the present study, histologic transformation in the course was investigated on 20 cases with early extranodal NHL. All these 20 cases were diffuse lymphomas, and were composed of 7 cases with low grade malignancy and 13 cases with high grade malignancy. Histologic transformation was not observed in any of these cases. These findings indicate that the frequency of histologic transformation is much lower in extranodal NHL than in nodal NHL. The prognostic significance of these findings is also discussed.

Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 767∼774, 1984.
Multiple pigmented adrenal cortical nodules associated with cushing's syndrome
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Shigematsu Kazuto , Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo , Saito Yasushi
Published: January 2011

Multiple pigmented adrenocortical nodules were found in a 25−year‐old woman associated with Cushing's syndrome, whose laboratory data indicated that the adrenal cortex had been functioning autonomously and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland as suppressed. The surgically removed left adrenal gland disclosed multiple black nodules measuring up to 3 mm in diameter and histologically consisting of large “compact cells” which contained numerous yellow‐brown pigments, but adjacent cortical cells were not atrophied. This kind of adrenal lesion is generally regarded as nodular hyperplasia of the cortex. The present case revealed scanty lipid and markedly increased activity of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and glucose−6−phosphate‐dehydrogenase (G6PD). Ultrastructural study showed abundant cytoplasm with a large number of mitochondria, well‐developed smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER), less rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER), lysosomes, and numerous granules in cells of the nodules. Mitochondria varied in size and shape up to occasional giant mitochondria. SER was vesicular or tubular forming a network of anastomosing tubules. Granules varied greatly in size from 400 mm̈ to 6 m̈ in diameter, with diverse electron densities, mostly exhibiting the structural features of lipofuscin. The ultrastructural features resembled those in black adenoma associated with Cushing's syndrome ever reported. Concentration of cortisol was increased in the tissue where numerous black nodules were contained. Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 827 ∼ 837, 1984.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous proliferation showing an unusual and wide‐spread metastasis
Authors: Tsujimoto Masahiko , Aozasa Katsuyuki , Nakajima Yuko , Kariya Mikio
Published: January 2011

A hepatoma comprised of carcinomatous and sarcomatous proliferation has been considered as collision or carcinoma with sarcomatous proliferation. In this report, an autopsy case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma showing almost equal amount of carcinomatous and sarcomatous proliferations is presented. Serial sections from the tumor showed the frequent transition of the figure from carcinoma to sarcoma, justifying the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous proliferation. When compared with the usual hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis with sarcomatous figure was more extensive and both ventricles and atriums of the heart, skin, and intestinal tract were involved. A sarcomatous proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma and manner of metastasis are discussed with a review of the pertinent literature. Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 839∼845, 1984.
An immunofluorescent study of generalized infection of human cytomegalovirus in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Iwasaki Takuya , Satodate Ryoichi , Masuda Tomoyuki , Kurata Takeshi , Hondo Ryo
Published: January 2011

An autopsy case of generalized infection of cytomegalovirus (CWV) in an adult with systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. CMV infection was histologically diagnosed postmortem by the presence of the characteristic cytomegalic cells with inclusion body. In the lungs, viral antigen was seen not only in the cytomegalic cells with inclusion body but also in the cells without intranuclear inclusion body in both of the frozen and the formalin‐fixed paraffin sections. Viral antigen was also detected in frozen sections of the liver. CMV was isolated from the lung and liver. Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 869∼874, 1984.
Composition of Swine Arterial Tissue
Authors: Toda Takayoshi , Mahfouz Mohamedain M. , Kummerow Fred A.
Published: January 2011

The effects of trans‐fatty acid‐rich and saturated acid‐rich diets on the fatty acid composition and morphology of swine arterial tissues were studied. Three groups of two‐month‐old swine were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet containing 8.3% margarine or butter for 4 months. The most significant change observed in the fatty acid pattern was the accumulation of 18: 2ω6 and the supperssion of both 20:4ω6 and 22:4ω6 acids in the aortic tissues of swine fed either butter or margarine as compared to swine fed the basal diet. Also, ω6 metabolites were significantly decreased in swine fed diets containing butter or margarine, as compared to those fed a basal diet. The group of swine which were fed either butter or margarine containing diets suffered a significant increase in intimal thickening of the coronary artery compared to those fed the basal diet. These thickened intima were characterized by the presence of modified smooth muscle cells, lipid containing cells, and degenerated cells without stainable lipids. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence and extent of intimal thickening of the coronary arteries between swine fed either of the two fat containing diets.
Ultrastructure of Crooke's Cells With Special Reference To Their Secretory Granules
Authors: Uei Yoshio , Kanzaki Masaki
Published: January 2011

Twenty‐seven postmortem pituitary glands were electron microscopically investigated. Eighteen of them revealed an accumulation of fine microfilaments in the cytoplasm ranging from 70 to 80 A in width, which is equivalent to a hyaline change in Crooke's cells seen with a light microscope. Since Crooke's changes were immunohistochemically evidenced to occur exclusively in ACTH cells, we examined their secretory granules quantitatively and concluded that the majority of them were ovoid, homogeneously electron dense and measured 200 to 450 nm in diameter averaging 332 nm. Occasionally, those irregularly shaped and larger than 600 nm were observed.
Enzyme Histochemical Observation of Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
Authors: Nakanishi Sumio , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: January 2011

The reactivity of lysosomal enzymes in 17 fibrohistiocytic tumors were examined histochemically to evaluate the histiocytic nature of the tumors. The lysosomal enzymes examined were acid phosphatase (Ac‐P), non‐specific esterase (NS‐E), β‐glucuronidase (β‐GL), and N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase (N‐GA). The tumors examined were eight malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) (i.e., five common types, two myxoid types, and one Inflammatory type), one atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin (AFX), one dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), two giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCT), and five dermatofibromas (DF). Seven of 8 MFH showed strong reactivity for all enzymes examined. Positive reactions were seen as evenly distributed granules in the cytoplasm of fibroblastic, histiocytic and giant cells in all types of the tumors. Almost all AFX, GCT, and DF showed moderate to strong reactivity. These findings suggest that these tumors were composed of cells with the enzymatic character of histiocytes. However, DFSP contained no cells giving a positive reaction, and thus its histiocytic nature could not be demonstrated.
A Comparative Study On the Immunolocalization of Keratin and Myosin in Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Saku Takashi , Okabe Haruo , Yagi Yukio , Sato Eiichi , Tsuda Nobuo
Published: January 2011

Surgical specimens of the salivary gland tumor were studied by immunohistochemical techniques using the anti‐keratin antibody and the anti‐myosin antibody. In the normal tissue, keratin was localized predominantly in the duct epithelial cells and myosin in the myoepithelial cells. According to the immunohistochemical staining patterns, the tumors were able to be divided into two groups: one group consisted of pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma which showed a mixture of keratin‐ and myosin‐positive cells, respectively, mimicking the structures of the intercalated duct; the other comprised monomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid tumor which disclosed keratin‐positive cells predominantly, resembling the constituent of the excretory duct These results were mostly consistent with the “bicellular theory” that the salivary tumors generate from the intercalated duct reserve cells and the excretory duct reserve cells.
Electron Microscopic Localization of Acridine Orange Binding To Dna Within Various Human Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Moriki Toshiaki , Matsusaki Keisuke , Hiroi Makoto , Yamane Toshiko
Published: January 2011

The ultracytochemical acridine orange (AO) method has been employed to demonstrate DNA template activity within untreated human brain tumors. A total of 16 biopsies from brain tumors removed for frozen section examination were investigated. Ultrastructural examination revealed that AO binds to DNA exclusively within the extended euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus of brain tumors. The percentage of AO positive cells varied from 6.0 to 48.6% in various types of brain tumors. A few AO reaction products were visible in the nuclei of the endothelial cells and in the pericytes of the capillaries within neoplatic tissue. The present results suggested that untreated human brain tumors exhibit de‐repression of DNA template normally repressed in the adult state. This altered DNA templates may be related to abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation diverted from the normal state.
Electron Microscopic Localization of Acridine Orange Binding To Dna Within Rat Astrocytoma C6 Cells
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Moriki Toshiaki , Hiroi Makoto , Yamane Toshiko
Published: January 2011

Combination of autoradiography and ultracytochemical acridine orange method in rat astrocytoma C6 cells is described. Electron microscopic examination revealed that AO binds to DNA exclusively within the euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus. X‐ray microanalysis showed that AO reaction products contain lead, uranium, and osmium. These heavy metals seem to contribute to electron density of the AO reaction products. The percentage of AO positive cells was 51.8±1.9%, whereas average labeling index of C6 cells incubated with 3H‐thymidine for 30 minutes was 25.6±1.7%. About 82% of 3H‐thymidine‐labeled cell nuclei were AO positive and the remaining 18% were free of AO reaction products. On the other hand, about 27% of AO positive cells were not labeled with 3H‐thymidine. However, most of C6 cell nuclei with active 3H‐uridine incorporation showed AO chromatin reaction products. The results suggest that visualization of AO chromatin reaction products might be related to RNA synthesis rather than DNA synthesis in the cell nuclei.
Clinicopathology and Immunopathology of 80 Biopsy Cases
Authors: Ishikura Hiroshi , Yoshiki Takashi , Yamaguchi Jun , Kondo Nobuo , Tateno Masatoshi , Aizawa Miki , Itoh Tetsuo
Published: January 2011

The clinicopathology and immunopathology of 80 cases of lupus nephritis in a total of 1,187 biopsies were presented. Histologically, they consisted of 11 cases of mesangial lupus nephritis (13.8%), 51 cases of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (63.7%), and 18 cases of membranous lupus nephritis (22.5%). No cases of focal proliferative type, minimal changes or end‐stage kidneys were included. Ten cases were male and they had no qualitative and quantitative differences with female ones in any respects. The microtubular structures were found in glomerular endothelial cells with a 70% frequency and in the interstitial endothelial cells with a 46% frequency. In the latter case, microtubular structures tended to be localized in the perinuclear space as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum. Spherical microparticles were found in 46% of all cases and the incidences were significantly higher in the membranous type. Organized deposits with straight parallel microfilaments were found only in a single case. Electron‐dense deposits with fingerprint pattern were not seen. Immunohistochemically, various immunoglobulins, complement components, and fibrinogen were found deposited more frequently in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. IgG was the predominant immunoglobulin deposited in capillary loops in membranous types, and IgA in the mesangium in mesangial types. Extraglomerular deposition of immunoglobulins and complements were found in 26.3% of all cases.
The Distribution of Concanavalin A‐ And Cationized Ferritin‐Binding Sites on Plasma Membrane of Human Platelet and the Changes of These Sites in Cells Responding to Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Yotsumoto Shoichi
Published: January 2011

Investigations were carried out to study the distribution of the concanavalin A‐ and cationized ferritin‐binding sites on the plasma membrane of human platelets and to ascertain the changes of these sites in cells stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with time as well. The concanavalin A‐binding sites of the unwashed fixed platelets were sparsely distributed on the plasma membrane at a distance of up to 80 nm from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The washed unfixed platelets, however, showed a dense distribution within a range of 70 nm from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Changes in the distribution of concanavalin A‐binding sites on the plasma membrane of platelets stimulated with ADP were characterized by a marked increase in the number of binding sites and by protrusion up to a distance of 150 nm from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane 1 minute after the reaction had occurred. The concanavalin‐A binding sites may be semicryptic in view of the fact that they were exposed by washing or protruded as a result of the stimulation with ADP. The cationized ferritin binding sites were uniformly distributed with high density on the plasma membrane of the unwashed fixed platelets. In washed unfixed platelets, however, they were sparsely distributed with cluster formation. It is suggested that the glutaraldehyde fixation itself has an effect on the binding of the cationized ferritin particles on the plasma membrane of plateletes. The various changes in the concanavalin A‐binding sites appearing 1 minute after the reaction with ADP may represent morphological evidence indicating that the platelets have acquired adhesiveness.
Pathological and Immunological Findings in an Autopsy Case
Authors: Homma Sakae , Matsumoto Toshiharu , Abe Hiroshi , Fukuda Yoshiro , Nagano Masahiro , Suzuki Mitsuko
Published: January 2011

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the destruction of cartilage. A case of RP in a 59‐year‐old male was autopsied, and systemic inflammation of various cartilages was confirmed. We demonstrated the circulating antibodies to Type II (cartilage) collagen. No antibodies to other collagen types were demonstrated. The presence of granular deposits of immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, and the C3 component of complement at the chondrofibrous junction was also demonstrated. From these findings, this case suggested that the pathogenesis of RP is related to an immune mechanism.
Plasmacytoma of Lymph Node Recurrent Lymphadenopathy Terminating in Plasma Cell Dyscrasia with Polyneuropathy and Endocrine Disturbances
Authors: Sakuma Hideo , Mori Naoyoshi , Kojima Mizu , Saito Takeo , Tachibana Fuminori , Naito Makoto
Published: January 2011

A case with lymphadenopathy of the left side of the neck in a 38‐year‐old male is described. He had a history of several relapses of about 10 years duration. Swollen lymph nodes were histologically similar to those of the hyaline‐vascular type of Castleman's disease, but contained clear‐cut lymph sinus and a sheet‐like proliferation of plasma cells. Lymph follicles showed proliferation and atrophic germinal centers, in which cellular hypertrophy in the wall of ramifying small blood vessels, called angiosclerosis, was frequently encountered. During its progress, the patient developed plasmacytoma of the lymph nodes with varied clinical manifestations such as polyneuropathy, disturbance of gait, unusual perspiration, hirsuitism, gynecomastia, bilateral papilledema, and albumino‐cytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid.
Moebius syndrome associated with pituitary dwarfism and hypoplastic optic disc
Authors: HASHIMOTO NOBUKO , SAKAKIHARA YOICHI , MIKI YUKO , KAGAWA JIRO , EGI SHINZO , KAMOSHITA SHIGEHIKO
Published: January 2011

A 17 year old male patient with Moebius syndrome with pituitary dwarfism and unilateral hypoplastic optic disc is presented. Although there have been several reports of an association of Moebius syndrome and pituitary dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency has not been reported previously. These associations may give some insight into the pathogenesis of Moebius syndrome.
Thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness
Authors: AKINCI AYŞEHAN , TEZİÇ TAHSIN , ERTÜRK GÜLYÜZ , TARIM ÖMER , DALVA KLARA
Published: January 2011

This study introduces a patient who has thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPKase) enzyme deficiency associated with diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness and thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed when she was 20 months old. After 1 year, macrocytic anemia developed and the thiamine therapy was started at 75 mg/day. During the follow‐up, the insulin requirement decreased and even ceased, and macrocytic anemia improved with thiamine treatment. After thiamine therapy was ceased an increase in insulin requirement was observed and macrocytic anemia developed again.
Varicella infection complicated with meningitis after immunization
Authors: NARUSE HIROSHI , MIWATA HIROYUKI , OZAKI TAKAO , ASANO YOSHIZO , NAMAZUE JUNKO , YAMANISHI KOICHI
Published: January 2011

A healthy 45 month old boy who had received varicella vaccine 21 months previously developed aseptic meningitis along with an episode of varicella. The presence of viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Southern blot hybridization confirmed the relationship between the symptoms and the CSF pleocytosis. This is the first reported case of this complication of varicella meningitis occurring in a child with documented immunization and seroconversion.
Current issues in Kawasaki disease
Authors: KATO HIROHISA , HARA TOSHIRO , INOUE OSAMU , SATO NOBORU , AKAGI TEIJI , SUGIMURA TETSU
Published: January 2011

The most important clinical aspect of Kawasaki disease is the cardiovascular problems. This article reports on the cardiovascular spectrum in acute Kawasaki disease, analysis of myocardial infarction and fatal cases, a follow‐up study on the natural history of coronary artery lesions, long‐term cardiovascular problems including premature atherosclerosis, problems in the adult cardiology and the treatment of acute Kawasaki disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown. Current hypotheses and leading studies on the etiology and the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease are also reviewed.
Well‐developed infant with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy associated with EEG burst suppression and subcortical leukohypodensity on CT scan
Authors: ISUGAMA SEIICH , OKAZAKI MINORU , NAKANISHI YOUKO , ITO FUMIYUKI , ETO YOSHIKATSU , MAEKAWA KIHEI
Published: January 2011

In the prediction of neurological sequelae after hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the newborn, the electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression pattern (BS) and subcortical leukomalacia can mean grave neurodevelopmental problems will develop.

This study presents an infant with HIE associated with BS and subcortical leukohypodensity (SLH) on computed tomography scan. At first her neurodevelopmental outcome was considered poor, but unexpectedly she showed good development in 32 months follow‐up. The findings of BS and SLH do not always result in a poor neurodevelopmental outcome, if the subsequent clinical state and EEG return to normal at an early stage.
Neonatal candidiasis associated with meningitis and endophthalmitis
Authors: CHEN JIA‐YUH
Published: January 2011

From January 1991 to March 1993, a total of 11 infants with positive blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or stool cultures of Candida albicans were found in the nursery or neonatal intensive care unit of the Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital. Clinical features including respiratory deterioration, poor activity, abdominal distension and/or apnea were noted. Indwelling peripheral venous catheters had been used in all patients to provide parenteral nutrition and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and six infants had received intravenous fat emulsions. Prolonged endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation had been used in eight infants. Six infants (54.5%) had meningitis, five infants (45.5%) had endophthalmitis, and two infants (18.2%) had arthritis. All 11 infants received intravenous amphotericin B therapy, and the concurrent oral administration of 5‐fluorocytosine was used in the six infants with meningitis. Three infants died later. Since meningitis was recognized in 54.5% patients and endophthalmitis was recognized in 45.5% patients with systemic candidiasis, the author recommends that culture and analysis of CSF along with indirect ophthalmoscopy should be performed on all infants suspected of having systemic candidiasis.
New interpretation and management of dry lung syndrome: A case report
Authors: SAKAI TAKEO , IGARASHI YUTAKA , AIBA SATORU , KUBA YASURO , ASANUMA AKI
Published: January 2011

A premature female infant with life‐threatening respiratory distress which was diagnosed as ‘dry lung syndrome’ is reported. The mother had 4 weeks of large volume leakage of the amniotic fluid due to premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM) at 23 weeks' gestation. The infant was bom after 27 weeks' gestation (birthweight, 1016 g) and was suffering severe respiratory distress. Although a chest radiogram and gastric juice microbubble test did not prove the possibility of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), very high ventilator settings did not improve her respiratory disorders. Considering the infant's deteriorating respiratory status and the prolonged leakage of the amniotic fluid, we suspected the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. Although an attempt at high frequency oscillation (HFO) to rescue this infant had no effect, intratracheal instillation of epinephrine (EP) showed dramatic improvement of her respiratory status. This clinical course showed that the patient did not have pulmonary hypoplasia but might have severe airway obstruction and this airway obstruction may be the major cause of ‘dry lung syndrome’.

We postulate that when a newborn with suspected pulmonary hypoplasia is unresponsive to respiratory support, HFO should be administered. If HFO is ineffective in relieving the respiratory distress, one should suspect the presence of airway collapse and administer a bronchodilator such as EP. If the infant improves, a diagnosis of ‘dry lung syndrome’ may be assumed.
Breast feeding: Overview and breast milk immunology
Authors: HANSON LARS Å , HAHN‐ZORIC MIRJANA , BERNDES MAJA , ASHRAF RIFAT , HERIAS VERONICA , JALIL FEHMIDA , BHUTTA TARIQ IQBAL , LAEEQ AKMAL , MATTSBY‐BALTZER INGER
Published: January 2011

The transfer of host defence capacity to the human offspring provides a remarkable model of passive transfer of immunity. In fact it may also provide an example of active immunization.

The transfer of mucosal protection via breast feeding offers many additional advantages for the mother and infant. Through its contraceptive effects it increases the spacing between births, thus diminishing the infant mortality and the burden on the mother. It also enhances bonding between mother and child, it seems to increase the IQ and school result of the infant and might decrease the risk of certain malignancies and perhaps of juvenile diabetes.

A fully breast‐fed infant receives as much as 0.5‐1 g of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies daily, the predominant antibody of human milk. This can be compared to the production of some 2.5 g of SIgA per day for a 60 kg adult. These SIgA antibodies have been shown to protect against Vibrio cholerae, ETEC, Campylobacter, Shigella and Giardia. Furthermore, milk is rich in receptor analogues for certain epithelial structures which microbes need for attachment to host tissues as an initial step in infections. Thus the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci for example to retropharyngeal cells is efficiently inhibited by human milk. This may be one explanation for the fact that breast‐fed babies have less otitis media than the non‐breast‐fed.

Other milk factors like lysozyme and lactoferin may contribute to the host defence, but this has not yet been well defined.

However, human milk also supports the well‐being of the infant by being anti‐inflammatory. The predominant SIgA antibodies and the receptor analogues prevent microbes from getting into contact with host tissues causing tissue inflammation via inflammatogenic immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies and activated T lymphocytes. Rather, milk proteins like lactoferrin can inhibit the production of inflammatogenic cytokines like interleukin‐6 from intestinal epithelium and monocytes/macrophages. Breast feeding enhances vaccine responses in the infant. This may occur via immunostimulation effects via anti‐antibodies present in the milk.

Human milk truly provides an unequalled mixture of factors supportive of the health of the infants. Many factors may still remain to be discovered.
Transient low level of IgG3 induced by sepsis
Authors: TABATA NOBUTADA , AZUMA EIICHI , MASUDA SHIN‐ICHI , IDO MASARU , SAKURAI MINORU
Published: January 2011

Staphylococcus aureus sepsis developed in a 14 year old girl. Immunological evaluation revealed low level of IgG3, although total IgG level was normal. The level of IgG3 increased gradually along with the recovery from sepsis. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy might have been useful in this patient, even though the total immunoglobulin level was within normal limits.
Occurrence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a patient with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
Authors: INADA SHIGEYASU , SHIDA KAORU , MOURI YOSHIMOTO , SAKAI RYOU , KOGA HIROYUKI , MIYAZAKI SUMIO , OKAMURA JUN , ANAMI KENICHI , EGUCHI MITSUOKI
Published: January 2011

We describe a case of a 15 year old boy who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) while receiving treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). He was diagnosed as having idiopathic GHD and given hGH from December 1991. The examination of his peripheral blood showed mild pancytopenia 2 months before the start of the hGH therapy. Since January 1992, paleness of the skin, general fatigue and fervescence progressed gradually. In February 1992, because of the occurrence of acute leukemia, administration of hGH was discontinued. Judging from the results of surface marker analysis of the blast cells, the patient was diagnosed as having AMKL. He was treated with chemotherapy for acute non‐lymphoblastic leukemia from March 1992. A complete remission was obtained after 4 weeks of treatment. The chemotherapy was completed in July 1993. He remains in complete remission 26 months after diagnosis.

This case suggests the importance of hematological examination and, when there is any abnormality which is not caused by GHD, such as pancytopenia, more detailed medical examinations (for example bone marrow examination) are necessary.
Analysis of child abuse cases admitted in pediatric service in Japan II. Backgrounds of child abuse in non‐low birth‐weight infants
Authors: TANIMURA MASAKO , MATSUI ICHIRO , KOBAYASHI NOBORU
Published: January 2011

Child abuse of 126 non‐low birth‐weight (non‐LBW) cases reported front pediatric clinics of major hospitals in Japan in 1986 were examined. Compared to LBW infants abused children's medical problems were few (25.4%) but the presence of step‐parents and a history of rearing outside the home were evident (41.3%).

The abuse of a child with medical problems by real parents showed similar characteristics to abuse of LBW, occurring at 0–1 and 4 years and two types of abuser's problems were apparent; one problem was the lack of child rearing ability and the other was the inability to cope with the stress involved in child rearing. In abuse of a child by step‐parents, most abusers expressed emotional problems with their abused children. Child abuse by a real parent following a period of non‐home care occurred soon after the child returned home, and abusers complained that the abused child did not take to its real parents. Abuse of a child without medical problems by real parents occurred at or around birth and indicated a poor ability to rear a child due to parental problems or low tolerance to cope with child rearing. Abuse both of a child and siblings by real parents implied a deficiency of understanding and inability in child rearing due to parental problems that may have resulted in abuse of the children at 0–1 year.

It seems that two processes are critical in non‐LBW child abuse as well as LBW child abuse. Namely, an inability of parents to raise children and an inability to cope with the problem of their children, especially as a result of communication problems. It is important to detect risk factors for disturbing parent‐child communication at an early stage and attempt to improve it.