bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sand Mining in Uganda: Strengthening the Legal Framework to Combat Corruption and Environmental Destruction and Attract Better Foreign Investment.
Authors: Mauki Zoe Richard
Published: October 2024

Investment is vital in stirring the country’s economy and sustaining development, especially in Africa and Uganda. It also serves as a tool for technology transfer, innovation, employment, and generating revenue for individuals and the government. This article focuses on sand mining in Uganda, the level of corruption involved, the lack of a proper legal framework to govern its exploitation, and the investors’ interest in the sector. Uganda is rich in copper, gold, iron, and ore minerals. Others include sand, hardcore, gravels, aggregates, and local granite. Article 244 of the Uganda Constitution 1995 provides that ‘building substances such as clay, murram, sand or any stone commonly used for building’ are not regarded as minerals. However, the parliament hardly enacted legislation to govern these excluded minerals. Currently, this is an area that is attracting foreign investment. At the same time, it is unregulated. The paper will discuss, among others, the importance of having a proper legal framework to regulate building materials such as sand, why it is important, and how the lack of a proper legal framework to govern the sector might cost the government of Uganda sums of money.
Investment in the Mining Sector: Revisiting the Challenges and Prospects in Tanzania
Authors: Shayo Peter Adolfu
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the legal and regulatory frameworks regulating investment in the mining sector. The article notes that the Tanzanian mining sector has undergone various policy and legislative developments geared towards ensuring that the mining sector contributes greatly to national development. This article finds challenges in creating an investment-enabling environment as stipulated in the Mineral Policy 2009. The article advances the argument that Tanzania’s mining legal regime poses various challenges which affect the government’s ability to strike a balance between its interests to maximise revenue and protect the interests of the investors. In that regard, the article concludes that there is a need for amendments to essential laws governing mining investments in Tanzania to ensure that the rules align with Tanzania’s contractual commitments with the investors. As such, it recommends that the legislative changes to ensure the balance between the need to maximise benefits from natural resources and the protection of investors following the obligations that Tanzania has freely agreed to under international agreements cannot be overemphasised.
Má DMA regulatorní a/nebo soutěžní „DNA“?
Authors: Bejček Josef
Published: October 2024

Součástí tzv. digitálního balíčku Evropské komise je i nařízení o digitálních trzích (DMA), jež se v plném rozsahu prosazuje od března 2024. Jde o průlomovou předběžnou regulaci chování provozovatelů velkých digitálních platforem, založenou na automatických (per-se) kasuistických zákazech určitých praktik v závislosti na rozhodnutí Komise o statusu provozovatelů jakožto tzv. strážců vstupu (gatekeepers). Tato dopředná regulatorní metoda se pokládá za včasnější a účinnější pro funkčnost a férovost digitálních trhů v porovnání s dříve uplatňovanou následnou kontrolou chování velkých provozovatelů platforem, založenou na vymáhání zákazu zneužití dominantního postavení na trhu. Převládl názor, že soutěžně právní ochrana je na platformách ovládnutých již dnes digitálními obry pozdní a nedostatečná. Jasná a přesná pravidla obsažená v DMA přitom jsou založena na reflexi dřívější evropské kasuistiky zákazu zneužití dominance ve smyslu soutěžního práva. DMA sice přinese zvýšení transparentnosti a právní jistoty, ale vytvoří přirozeně i prostor pro obcházení taxativně stanovených jednotlivých per-se zákazů a příkazů, na rozdíl od obecných standardů chování podle soutěžního práva. Článek informuje o hlavních principech úpravy a komentuje některé právně politické tenze s ní spojené. Rozebírá kontroverzní možnost souběhu dvojího postihu podle DMA a podle práva soutěžního a kriticky hodnotí přísný zákaz tzv. sebezvýhodňování strážců vstupu podle DMA. Vyslovuje obavy ze zmrazovacího efektu plošné úpravy, jež kromě eliminace nekalých praktik velkých provozovtelů digitálních platforem může podvázat jejich inovační dynamiku, a tím i konkurenční trhy. Zdůvodňuje se nutnost uvážlivého přístup k této delikátní regulaci a pokorné sebereflexe. Regulatorní tlak Komise by měl být zdrženlivý a postupný při hledání optimání regulatorní polohy.
Constitutionalism, Interest, and the Reconstruction of the Political
Authors: Rasmussen David M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2024

In writing the essay on “factions” in The Federalist Papers, James Madison was able to point to one of the major purposes of the new United States Constitution, namely, to deal with the emergence of conflicting interests in the new commercial society. This represents the transformation from classical constitutionalism with its focus on virtue to modern constitutionalism with its preoccupation with the mediation of interests. As such, this transformation points to the reconstruction of the domain of the political.
Kyai Leadership Management Model in Improving Quality Performance of Educators and Education Personnel in Islamic Boarding Schools Ibnussabil Santan Tengah
Authors: Anggraini Selvia , Barizi Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The Kyai leadership model in Islamic boarding schools plays a major role in improving the performance of educators and education personnel. As a leader, at least he must be able to influence, motivate, protect, and guide his subordinates to have significant performance quality. Thus, optimal performance is directly proportional to the institution's success in achieving its vision, mission, and goals. This study was conducted to find out how the Kyai leadership management model is carried out at the Ibnussabil Santan Tengah Islamic Boarding School in improving the quality of performance of educators and education personnel from a philosophical perspective. The research method uses a qualitative approach by describing the leadership management model used in improving the quality of performance of educators and education personnel, in this case, interviews and documentation are the data collection techniques. The results of the study showed that there is no best leader model because all types of leadership must be used according to the situation or circumstances to improve the quality of performance of educators and education personnel effectively.
 
Keywords: Leadership Management Model, Performance of Educators, and Education Staff
Character Education Values in The Book of Jāmi'ul Ulūm Wal Hikam and Its Relevance to Commendable Morals in Madrasahs
Authors: Ilmiansyach Ridho , Ulum Mohammad Samsul
Published: October 2024

The hadeeths in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam contain many character values that can be applied to learning commendable morals in the Madrasahs. Studying character values from the hadeeths of the Prophet Muhammad is very important to understand their practical application in learning commendable morals in Madrasahs. This research aims to describe the character values in the hadeeths in the book of jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam and their relevance to the material of commendable morals in Madrasahs based on KMA No. 183 of 2019. This research aims to identify and describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam and its relevance to the material of commendable morals in Madrasahs. This research uses a library research method and qualitative paradigm with a semantic approach to describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. Data collection techniques include reviewing literature, books, notes, and reports on the topics. The analysis technique used in this research is content analysis to describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. Then, the research results are relevant to Madrasahs's moral material. The results show seventeen character values in the book of jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. These values are sincerity, wara', affection, restraint of speech, self-control, kindness to animals, humility, shame, istiqāmah, cleanliness, patience, generosity, obedience, zuhud, helpfulness, honesty, and tawakal. The character values of sincerity, obedience, istiqāmah, and patience are relevant to all commendable moral materials in Madrasahss as companion character values in each commendable moral material. Twelve character values apply to the material of commendable morals in the related values: sincerity, affection, restraint of speech, kindness to animals, humility, istiqāmah, cleanliness, patience, obedience, helpfulness, honesty, and tawakal.
 
Keywords: Character Value, The Book of Jāmi’ul Ulūm Wal Hikam, Moral Materials
The Effectiveness of Al-Ta'hil Al-Fiqhiy Method in Improving the Cognitive Ability of STIBA Makassar Students
Authors: Sirajuddin Sirajuddin , Dahmayanti Andi , Nur Sri Reski Wahyuni
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy learning approach in enhancing students' cognitive capabilities at STIBA Makassar. A true experiment with a posttest-only control group design was employed to assess the substantial impact of the method on students in their seventh semester. The findings of this study indicate that implementing the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method markedly enhanced students' cognitive abilities. The calculated value of Cohen's d reached 1.26, indicating a huge effect size with a probability of 81.4% that the observed difference is due to the intervention and not other confounding factors. Moreover, the results of Cohen's U3 test demonstrated that 89.7% of students in the experimental group exhibited higher cognitive scores than those in the control group. These findings suggest that the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method represents an effective alternative for enhancing the quality of education and fostering deeper comprehension in the field of fiqh.
 
Keywords: Effectiveness, Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy Method, Cognitive Ability.
Implementation of Role-Playing Strategies in Increasing Maharah Kalam in State Universities
Authors: Chairani Ully Shifa , Fitriani Laily
Published: October 2024

Maharah Kalam learning in PKPBA at the Faculty of Science and Technology. Arabic learning activities for five consecutive days, from Monday to Friday, make students bored and tired. So, to minimize these problems, variations, and innovations applied by teachers are needed to encourage students to be more communicative in using Arabic. The goal of this study is to understand how the implementation of role-playing strategies (Role Play) improves Maharah Kalam. This study is descriptive qualitative research which is to illustrate, describe, interpret, explain also answer in more detail the problems to be studied by studying as much as possible an individual, a group, or an event. The data collection method in this study is observation. The population in this study were all PKPBA students of Faculty of Science and Technology 2 and the sample in this research were all PKPBA students of Faculty of Science and Technology 2 totaling 40 people. Data analysis techniques used in this study include conclusion drawing, namely concluding also verification. The results of the implementation of the application are designed through 3 stages, namely: (1) Introduction which includes greetings then asking how are you to explain the learning scenario with role-playing strategies, (2) Core which includes the implementation of learning using role-playing strategies per group, and (3) closing which includes learning evaluation.
 
Keywords: Maharah Kalam, Arabic Language Learning, Role-Playing Strategies
Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured ITO Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis Technique: Dependence on Annealing Temperature
Authors: Salam Amir Yousif
Published: October 2024

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) like Indium tin oxide (ITO) have wide attention from all scientists which have low resistance and high visible light transmittance, used as transparent electrodes in many optoelectronic devices such as liquid crystal displays, touch screens, light emitting diodes, and solar cells. In this research, the relationship between the crystallization, optical transmittance, and surface roughness of nanostructured ITO thin films and the change in annealing temperature was investigated. To enhance the efficiency of this material in optoelectronic applications, both the optical transmittance in the visible region and the crystallite size must be increased. These results can be obtained by the heat treatment of the films. Nanostructured ITO thin layer films have been successfully prepared at a substrate temperature equal to (350)℃ by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The physical characterizations of nanostructured ITO thin layer films were investigated at different annealing temperatures (400,450 and 500)℃. The presence of diffraction peaks indicates that the as-deposited and post annealed films are polycrystalline cubic structure and the peak (400) is a preferred growth orientation. For all samples the value of intensity of diffraction peaks increases with increasing substrate temperature. The crystallite size of nanostructured ITO thin ﬁlms is strongly related to the annealing temperature. The crystallite size estimated from XRD was found to rise with rising annealing temperature. The surface roughness of nanostructured ITO thin layer films increases with rising annealing temperature. High values of transmittance have been measured in the visible region 550 nm equal to (70, 82, 84 and 88)% corresponding to annealing temperature (350,400,450 and 500)℃ respectively.
The Effect of a Combination of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), and Silica Microspheres (Si) on the Detection of 17α -Ethinylestradiol (EE2)
Authors: M. Shafawi  , A. H. N. Hamidah  , M. F. M. Fathil  , Nur Syakimah Ismail  , A. R. Ruslinda  , Norhayati Sabani  , Mohammad Nuzaihan Md Nor
Published: October 2024

17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a female synthetic hormone with high estrogenic activity that can disrupt the environment, which can lead to dire health problems. The current standard method is very time-consuming and expensive, so the objective of this study is to develop chemical sensors that are faster and much cheaper to detect EE2 in water samples. In this work, an electrochemical sensor using a combination of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and silica microspheres (Si) as a modified electrode is reported to demonstrate 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) detection using electrochemical analysis. MWCNT-AuNPs, MWCNT-Si, and Si-AuNPs are prepared for the development of this chemical sensor by depositing each material on the carbon electrode by using the drop casting method. The resistance and conductivity of MWCNT-AuNPs, MWCNT-Si, and Si-AuNPs modified electrodes demonstrated stable electrochemical current responses towards the detection of EE2. It demonstrates that when MWCNTs and AuNPs are combined with Si, the sensitivity and R2 value improves at EE2 concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 μM, respectively.
Modelling of Power Semiconductor Devices Switching and Conduction Losses in a Power Electronic System
Authors: N. S. Hashim  , B. Poobalan  , N. F. Zakaria  , Manikandan Natarajan  , Safizan Shaari
Published: October 2024

In power converters, power semiconductor devices, mainly Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), are generally used as they are less costly and capable of converting electrical energy into high frequency and voltage. It is critical to accurately determine the switching and conduction losses of power devices before they are assembled into an electronic system. The accurate values help to minimize power loss in a power converter system. With the aid of simulation, design problems are identified to help eliminate device destruction, and critical parameters are monitored. In addition, costly equipment for measuring purposes and testing prototypes is not required at the initial design stage. This research uses simulation work in a power converter system to predict IGBT and diode losses with varied frequencies and voltages. The predictive modelling is produced using regression analysis. The models have been validated by R square (R2) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) techniques. This work is aimed at providing a supervised learning technique mainly used in a machine learning environment, in line with the technological development in the semiconductor industry. With the simulation performed in this work, the efficiency of a boost converter system is enhanced as it shows the models have a good fit with an R2 value of almost 1, and MAPE values are noticed to be less than 5%.
Performance Analysis of JL-FinFET with Varied Non-Uniform Doping Concentrations, Fin Height and Fin Width using Device Simulator
Authors: M. Hazeem Hariff  , Noraini Othman  , S. N. Sabki  , Alhan Farhanah Abd Rahim
Published: October 2024

With the growth of the MOSFET technology, the size of the transistor becomes smaller which can lead to Short-Channel Effects (SCEs). In order to address the SCEs, multi-gate transistor such as Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET) has been invented. Meanwhile, it is found that the conventional transistor with junctions also has its drawbacks and limitations due to the decrease in the gate length. The SCEs can occur and affect the overall performance of the device with lower switching times and lower current density . In order to address these limitations, new structure of transistor without junction known as a junctionless (JL) transistor has been proposed. In this work, the impact of uniform versus non-uniform doping concentrations, fin height (Hfin) and fin width (Wfin) in JL-FinFET were investigated by using Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) Tools. It was found that non-uniform doping concentration of 4 x1018 cm-3 for the source/drain and of 4 x1017 cm-3 for the channel, together with Hfin of 20 nm and Wfin of 4 nm provide the best electrical performance of Ioff = 6.45 x10-17 A, Ion = 6.14 x10-6 A, Ion/Ioff = 9.52 x1010 and DIBL = 11 mV/V. The outcome of this research work can be used as a basis to understand JL-FinFET biosensors for medical applications and more complex JL structures.
Antioxidant Activity of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation Technique and Evaluating the Toxicity on Blood Human Components (in vitro)
Authors: Tuqa Sabah  , Kareem H. Jawad2  , Nebras E. Attar
Published: October 2024

DPPH is one of the most widely used tests with scavenged-free radical effect, in which the color turns to yellow when tested onto a free stable dark-purple tulip, where natural antioxidants are returned by an electron and a proton. The optical, structural properties of Al2O NPs prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) Nd: YAG laser method at various energies (500,800,1000 mJ) were studied using color absorbance, UV–VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the average particle size is less than 41 nm. Spectroscopic analyses were used to study the antioxidant activity of Al2O3 nanoparticles by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The DPPH displacement was shown to be directly proportional to the high energies according to the results. The increased energy of (500, 800 and 1000 mJ) for free radicals are at (64.53 ± 5.487)%, (74.00 ± 2.887)% and (84.67 ± 4.372)% respectively, as compared to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the toxicity of these nanoparticles on human blood parameters was studied using the complete blood count (CBC) (in vitro) by hematological parameters (PLT), (HGB–Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells, and are compared to control groups. Our results demonstrate no significant changes in levels of (PLT), (HGB–Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells between test and control groups. This data suggests that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have no harmful effect on hematological parameters (in vitro).
A Preliminary Study on Structural and Optical Properties of Heat Treated Nb2O5 Nanostructure
Authors: Evan. T. Salim  , Jehan A. Saimon  , Marwa K Abood  , Forat H. Alsultany3
Published: October 2024

Annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to improve their crystalline structure and other important properties. This work presents the effect of post heat treatment on optical, structural, morphological, and surface roughness of Nb2O5 thin films at different temperatures (200-700oC) which to the best of our knowledge not been extensively studied yet. A clear modification in surface morphology and other studied properties was obtained. XRD results show a significant enhancement in the film’s structural properties such as a reduction in the dislocation densities and stress. The optical properties of the treated films show a clear decrease in the transmission and energy gap values which their values were found to reduce from (4.35 to 2.9) eV with heat treatment up to 600oC and re-increase at 700oC. The surface roughness was also enhanced as a result of increasing the grain size from (9.95 – 34.7) nm Finally, SEM images of the films show an obvious change in their morphology and an increase in film uniformity as a result of heat treatment. Therefore, heat treatment could be considered as a helpful method to control film characteristics. Main result should be presented quantitatively.
Synthesis of Sustainable Binary Calcium Monosilicate Ceramics from Bio-waste: Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Electrical Properties
Authors: N. H. Jakfar  , S. F. Khor  , B. Johar  , N. M. S. Adzali  , S. N. H. Mohd. Yunus  , E. M. Cheng  , E. Z. M. Tarmizi  , Z. A. Talib
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to synthesise calcium monosilicate ceramics using rice husks and raw eggshells and investigated the effect of sintering temperature on the physical,microstructure and electrical properties of the final product. The high content of calcium and silicon in eggshells and rice husks, respectively promote the use of waste materials in the production of calcium monosilicates by mixing in a molar ratio 1CaO:1SiO2 and fired at different sintering temperatures for 2 hours with a heating rate of 10°C/min. A good correlation between sintering temperature, structural, microstructure, and electrical properties of calcium silicate was observed. The structural and morphological evolutions were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). XRD analysis showed that the main crystalline phases of synthesised calcium monosilicate are pseudowollastonite (ICSD 98-005-2598) at 1250°C, and the phases of SiO2 also exist in different types of minerals. Besides, a small amount of larnite, Ca2SiO4 was traced at 1100°C and 1200°C. Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the presence of characteristic functional groups in the precursor powder. In Nyquist plots, the summit frequency of the dominant arc decreases with increasing sintering temperatures. It may be attributed to the co-effect of the grain size and pore. A larger value of impedance at a lower frequency suggests an essential role of boundaries in governing the electrical properties of the sintered ceramics. As the sintering temperature increases, the microstructure of the sintered samples becomes denser while conductivity performance decreases. This is due to the reduction of particle interfaces and charge transfer.
Laser Treatment Effect on Fatigue Characterizations for Steel Alloy Beam Coated with Nanoparticles
Authors: Jawad. K. Oleiwi  , Nesreen Dakhel Fahad  , Marwah Mohammed Abdulridha  , Muhannad Al-Waily  , Emad Kadum Njim
Published: October 2024

Previous work investigated the effect of nano coating for steel beams on the fatigue characterization and calculated that the coating for beams leads to modifying the fatiguelife and stress. Therefore, this work modifies the fatigue characterizations for beams by using laser treatment. The main aim of this work is to modify the fatigue properties of steel materials by using a coating surface, with nanoparticle materials, in addition to the laser treatment technique, at the same time. The experimental work was divided into three parts; first, the fabricated fatigue steel samples were coated by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle; second, treatment of the fatigue sample by laser technique using (low-high) and (high–low) loading; and finally, testing the fatigue samples to calculate the fatigue life and stress, with and without laser treatment. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of the samples. In addition, the numerical technique, using the finite element, was employed to evaluate the fatigue characterizations for steel samples and the results were compared. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results shows that the maximum discrepancy did not exceed about 10.86%. Finally, the treatment of nanomaterials coated steel samples shows that the fatigue characterizations were more than 35%.
Effect of Synthesis Process on The Piezoelectric Properties of (1-x) NBT-xBT: A Comparative Study Between Solid State and Hydrothermal Methods
Authors: M. Mesrar  , A. Elbasset  , F. Abdi  , N-S. Echatoui  , T. Lamcharfi
Published: October 2024

Lead-free oxide perovskite materials are produced to ensure that no toxic or dangerous waste is released into the environment, although this technique often requires a high-temperature synthesis method. Nevertheless, the development of an environmentally friendly chemical process to carry out the synthesis of perovskite material in the laboratory at low temperature is a major challenge. In this investigation, to lower the temperature of the thermal treatment, (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3 (abbreviated as (1-x)NBT-xBT) ceramics were synthesized using two different methods: a hydrothermal method and a conventional calcination process (solid-state), using the same reagents. The effects of various synthesis techniques on the composition, structure, morphology, and dielectric properties of the (1-x)NBT-xBT ceramics were registered and examined. The XRD plots taken at ambient temperature were used to verify the phase formation of the samples. The occurrence of functional bands was also verified by Raman spectroscopy at ambient temperature. Using the Rietveld refinement method were able to detect the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) near x=0.05-0.07. When the hydrothermal process was adopted, the (1-x)NBT-xBT ceramics show a single perovskite structure sintered at 1000°C. Moreover, scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination revealed a uniform distribution of grains and a significant change in grain size with the increase in BaTiO3 concentration when compared to the conventional method. The microstructure of ceramics is generally strongly influenced by the method used to prepare the powders, which has a considerable impact on their performance. Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the specimens have been compared with the properties of those prepared by the hydrothermal process. Thus, the choice of the suitable synthesis method depends on the desired properties of the (1-x)NBT-xBT materials.
Ultra-wide Bandgap AlGaN Channel HEMTs for Portable Power Electronics Applications
Authors: A. Revathy  , C.S. Boopathi
Published: October 2024

AlGaN channel (Eg>3.4 eV) is the most effective method for enhancing the breakdown field of the group III-nitride based HEMTs. This work demonstrates the potential of AlGaN double channel HEMTs on Silicon carbide substrate. The device DC characteristics are investigated using numerical simulator by using drift-diffusion transport model. The AlGaN double channel HEMTs enhances the total 2DEG density due to double potential well and shows better current driving capability (IDS) of 0.714 A/mm, transconductance (gm) of 116 mS/mm, and low specific ON-resistance (Ron) of 3.262 Ω.mm. The AlGaN double channel HEMT on Silicon carbide substrate exhibited 680 V blocking voltage (VBR) and gate field plate HEMT shows 532 V. The effective reduction in electric field at the gate edge is the major source for elevated breakdown voltage in field plate HEMTs. The superior DC characteristics indicates the proposed wide bandgap channel HEMT is suitable device for future portable power converters.
Annealing Temperature Effect on TeO2 Thin Films for Optical Detection Devices
Authors: Ghadeer A. Mohi  , Suad M. Kadhim  , Hiba H. Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Physical vapor deposition method was used for the preparation of nanostructured TeO2. Different morphologies of TeO2 are synthesized using a physical evaporation method with Te powder as the source material and quartz SiO2 as the growth substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) analyses are used to characterize the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the TeO2 products obtained. By varying the annealing temperature, different morphology of TeO2 structures is investigated. TeO2 nanostructure progress is initiated by the crystallization of particles. Different temperatures have different effects on structures, which are discussed. The films as deposited nature was amorphous; crystallization occurred at a higher annealing temperature (175 oC). With an increase in annealing temperature, the TeO2 films grain size increased. The research also points to the impact of post-deposition thermal annealing temperatures in excess of 100 °C in enhancing TeO2 film characteristics.
Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Life Evaluation under High Temperature and Shot Peening Application using AA7001
Authors: Huda S. Mahdi  , Hussain J. M. Alalkawi  , Saad T. Faris
Published: October 2024

In some applications, AA7001 may be subjected to high temperature and fatigue. This interaction leads to varying the mechanical and fatigue properties of the above alloy. This work deals with the effects of tensile properties and constant fatigue amplitude performance. Aluminum alloys have a low specific strength, are simple to produce, and are lightweight, which has made them popular in the construction, automotive, marine, and aviation industries. The history of stress and temperature applied to the component has a significant impact on the time-dependent process of creep and strain damage. The purpose of this research is to investigate the behavior of AA7001-T6 when two phenomena, high temperatures creep and fatigue, are combined. Compared to the fatigue life interaction employing shot peening thereby, the fatigue lifetimes were The influence of shot peening on the mechanical and fatigue characteristics of AA7001-T6 was investigated utilizing four different temperatures, including RT, SP+RT, 330°C, and SP+330°C. It has been observed The application of 330°C to the tensile process lowered the ultimate tensile strength of UTS and YS by 21.9 % and 22.3 %, respectively. Shot peening improved the aforesaid percentage, lowering it to 19.2 % and 19.7%, respectively. At a stress level of 400MPa, fatigue life was lowered by 18.18 % owing to an increased temperature of 330°C, and this percentage was reduced to 10.16 % due to creating the compressive residual stresses (CRS) (SP). At (RT), the fatigue strength (endurance fatigue limit) was 229 MPa, but after Shot Peening, it improved to 237 MPa. At 330°C, shot peening increased the improved fatigue limit from 217MPa to 229MPa, resulting in a 5.24 % improvement.
The Study of Sensing Elements Parameters Optimization for Developed Biosensor of SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Fatin Syakirah Halim  , N. A. Parmin  , Uda Hashim  , Subash C.B. Gopinanth  , Farrah Aini Dahalan  , Iffah Izzati Zakaria  , Wei Chern Ang  , Nurfareezah Nadhirah Jaapar
Published: October 2024

New advancements in developing sensitive and selective biosensors have demonstrated outstanding potential for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA biosensors). The detection mode of DNA biosensors primary depends on a particular DNA hybridization that precisely occurs on the surface of the physical transducer that can only be detected using high-performance assays due to slight current changes. The analytical performance (sensitivity) of the DNA biosensor is conclusively rely on the confluence constructing of the sensing surface, which must be optimized. Thus, in this study, the sensing elements of the developed biosensors were optimized for detecting RNA of SARS-CoV-2. This optimization included concentration of nanomaterials (carbon quantum dots), probe density (concentration of DNA probe) and concentration of linker (APTES). It was observed that 0.15 % V/V of concentration CQD, 0.1μM of DNA probe and 36% V/V of APTES were the optimum parameters which provided their maximum response during electrical measurements and increased the sensitivity of the developed biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Dielectric Properties and Microwave Absorbing Properties of Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles and Silicon Carbide Nanowhiskers
Authors: Phey Yee Foong  , Chun Hong Voon  , Bee Ying Lim  , Pei Leng Teh  , Mohd Afendi Rojan  , Subash C. B. Gopinath  , Nor Azizah Parmin  , Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad  , Yeng Seng Lee  , Ruslinda A. Rahim  , Uda Hashim
Published: October 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) is well known for their outstanding microwave absorbing properties. SiC nanomaterials (SiCNMs) are expected to have better microwave absorption performance due to their high specific surface area. To date, no study was reported to compare the dielectric properties and microwave absorbing properties of different type of SiCNMs. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to compare the dielectric properties and microwave absorption properties of different types of SiCNMs. In this paper, SiC nanoparticles (SiCNPs) and SiC nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) were characterised using SEM and XRD. In addition, their dielectric properties and microwave absorbing properties were measured using network analyser and transmission line theory. It was found that SiCNWs achieved higher dielectric constant and loss factor which are and εr’ =17.94 and εr″ = 2.64 compared to SiCNPs that only achieved εr’ = 2.83 and εr″ = 0.71. For microwave absorbing properties, SiCNWs and SiCNPs attained minimum reflection loss of -10.41 dB and -6.83 dB at 5.68 GHz and 17.68 GHz, respectively. The minimum reflection loss of SiCNPs and SiCNWs obtained in this study is much lower than the nanometer-SiC reported previously. These results suggested that SiCNWs can be an ideal candidate of microwave susceptors for various microwave applications.
Comparative Study and Modeling of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure HEMT and MOSHEMT Biosensors
Authors: Abdellah Bouguenna  , Driss Bouguenna  , Amine Boudghene Stambouli  , Aasif Mohammad Bhat
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study and analytical modelling of electrical performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) biosensors. Sensing parameters such as the I-V characteristics and sensitivity parameter for biomolecules detection in the cavity region are taken into consideration. In this paper, the permittivity is varied according to the biomolecule to be sensed by the biosensor. The maximal variation of the electrical performance of the biosensor obtained is higher in HEMT as compared with MOSHEMT. The simulation results of the analytical model obtained by using MATLAB verified by a comparison with experimental data and atlas-technology computer aided design (Atlas-TCAD), and shown good agreement with each other. Thereby, we could improve the validity of the proposed model. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT have shown good sensing of 141.73 at biomolecular permittivity of 2.5 which can be used for biosensing applications effectively.
Diode Laser Irradiation Effects on Physical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nano Fillers Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Films
Authors: Muhannad Sami Jalil  , Farah Jawad Kadhum  , Asrar Abdulmunem Saeed  , Mahasin F. Hadi Al-Kadhemy
Published: October 2024

Study effect of diode laser (wavelength 650 nm) irradiation for different irradiant times (0.25, 0.5, 1.00, 3.00, and 4.00 hrs) on the physical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) possess particle size of 15.7 nm doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were experimentally investigated. The solution casting process has been utilized to create as-prepared TiO2/PVA nanocomposite films. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy investigates the samples' optical characteristics by analyzing optical absorption spectra in a wavelength range of (200 - 900 nm) at room temperature (RT) of 300 K. The PVA matrix could be used to describe the influence. All optical constants produced artificially through laser radiation, like absorption, refraction index, extinction coefficient and complex dielectric constants, have decreased with increasing radiation times. On the contrary of optical energy gap they increased with increasing radiation times, according to the study's findings. TiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs) additions significantly impacted the PVA host's optical characteristics. When FTIR-spectrum regarding the TiO2/PVA nanocomposite films was examined in various ratios of irradiation times, the peak positions or bonds did not change; instead, they became smaller or larger as the irradiation time increased.
A Review: Synthesis and Mechanism of Growth of the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) – Graphene Hybrid Material and its Application as Electrodes
Authors: Mishthafiyatillah  , S. N. Sabki  , A. H. Norzilah  , M. A. Idris  , N. Othman
Published: October 2024

The CNTs–graphene hybrids have many advantages and potential for use in a wide range of electronic applications as electrodes. The CNTs–graphene hybrid structure outperforms the structure of each material in terms of characteristics and performance. There are several methods to grow CNTs. This paper reviews the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method used to synthesize CNTs–graphene hybrid material. This paper discusses the processes and growth parameters of the synthesis of the CNTs-graphene hybrid. This paper also discusses the growth mechanism and kinetics of CNTs. In addition, the potential and performance of CNTs–Graphene hybrid material as electrodes in batteries are also reviewed.
The Influence Of Creativity And Grit On Performance In Highschool Teacher Xyz In Bandar Lampung
Authors: Ferawati Eka , Purba Debora Elfina
Published: October 2024

The performance of high school teachers in Bandar Lampung is still low so it is necessary to look at other things that influence performance. Based on research results, the factors that influence performance are: creativity and grit. This study aims to examine the influence of creativity and grit factors on the performance of high school teachers in Bandar Lampung (N = 215). Individual Work Performance measurement is carried out using the Indonesian version of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) measuring instrument. Creativity was measured using the Indonesian version of the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS). Grit was measured using the Short Grit Scale. The research results show that creativity has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The research results also show that grit has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The implications of this research for similar research are expected to be able to provide interventions on the variables of creativity and grit to further improve teacher performance and for teachers to continue to develop creativity and grit in order to improve their performance in the educational process.
CTARR: A fast and robust method for identifying anatomical regions on CT images via atlas registration
Authors: Buddenkotte Thomas , Opfer Roland , Krüger Julia , Hering Alessa , Crispin-Ortuzar Mireia
Published: October 2024

Medical image analysis tasks often focus on regions or structures located in a particular location within the patient’s body. Often large parts of the image may not be of interest for the image analysis task. When using deep-learning based approaches, this causes an unnecessary increases the computational burden during inference and raises the chance of errors. In this paper, we introduce CTARR, a novel generic method for CT Anatomical Re- gion Recognition. The method serves as a pre-processing step for any deep learning-based CT image analysis pipeline by automatically identifying the pre-defined anatomical region that is relevant for the follow-up task and removing the rest. It can be used in (i) image segmentation to prevent false positives in anatomically implausible regions and speeding up the inference, (ii) image classification to produce image crops that are consistent in their anatomical context, and (iii) image registration by serving as a fast pre-registration step. Our proposed method is based on atlas registration and provides a fast and robust way to crop any anatomical region encoded as one or multiple bounding box(es) from any unlabeled CT scan of the brain, chest, abdomen and/or pelvis. We demonstrate the utility and robustness of the proposed method in the context of medical image segmentation by evaluating it on six datasets of public segmentation challenges. The foreground voxels in the regions of interest are preserved in the vast majority of cases and tasks (97.45-100%) while taking only fractions of a seconds to compute (0.1-0.21s) on a deep learning worksta- tion and greatly reducing the segmentation runtime (2.0-12.7x). Our code is available at https://github.com/ThomasBudd/ctarr
La Admisión de la Prueba Nueva en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos (COGEP) Ecuador: Algunas Consideraciones
Authors: Olaya Chere Nahomi Geraldine , Suárez Venegas Ramiro Javier
Published: October 2024

El propósito del presente trabajo de investigación es analizar la admisión de la prueba nueva en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos (COGEP) en Ecuador como requisito al Derecho del litigio. La metodología es una investigación documental, con un diseño bibliográfico no experimental, a su vez la técnica de recolección de datos aplicados es el análisis documental, y el plan de análisis de datos se basa en la hermenéutica jurídica. Se obtuvo como resultado que sobre la admisibilidad de los medios probatorios la normativa vigente del COGEP regula las características de dicho material  conforme los principios de utilidad, pertinencia y conducencia, conforme  los  derechos  y  garantías,  constitucionales y legales para evitar la arbitrariedad judicial de manera que el juzgador para dictar una sentencia razonable, lógica y compresible aplican la sana crítica y actúan conforme a la Ley y el Derecho, con el propósito de aceptar aquellas pruebas certeras o verdaderas. Se concluye que, en efecto, en Ecuador principalmente la nueva prueba en el COGEP es el elemento fundamental del ejercicio del Derecho probatorio que sustenta la apreciación por parte del juzgador de la situación de las partes en conflicto y adoptar las decisiones que estime conveniente para ejercer su derecho a un juicio justo y a la defensa efectiva de los ciudadanos.
What is Glif?
Authors: Gao Mingrui
Published: October 2024

Working Examples

Author

Mingrui Gao (

ORCID

: 0009–0005–7271–2677)

Introduction

In the fast-paced world of artificial intelligence, a new platform is gaining attention by making AI-powered content creation more accessible.
Reticencias desde la sociología y la comunicología ante el tecnooptimismo y la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Fernández Fernández Maximiliano , Sanculescu Budea Alexandra María , Fernández Alameda Carlos-M.
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar si existe una corriente o tendencia en los ámbitos de la sociología y de la comunicación de reticencias, cautelas o recelos ante las nuevas tecnologías y la inteligencia artificial. Para ello, metodológicamente, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica selectiva y se contrastan esas reservas y objeciones con datos y experiencias actuales. Se muestra como resultado que la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial y de los numerosos avances tecnológicos ha generado una corriente de tecnooptimismo, llamada a veces utopía tecnológica, por la confianza en que las máquinas pueden solucionar grandes problemas de la humanidad. Pero los avances han generado igualmente objeciones, recelos y reservas en la era de la IA bajo el dominio de la videocracia, la ecranosfera o la semiocracia por la presumible deshumanización instrumental y perjuicios de los vídeos y pantallas para el aprendizaje, incluidos los que dificultan el efecto de las neuronas espejo, descontrol de las máquinas, desempleo, etc. Desde la sociología y la comunicología se aboga por la reflexión, la humanización y el control de los riesgos tecnológicos.
Smart Notice Board using Voice Chat
Authors: TV Ananda Babu , M Tharuni , T Ganesh , M Hareesh , P Yogesh , M Subramanyam , V Lakshmi Kanth
Published: October 2024

Effective communication within educational institutions is crucial for disseminating information to students and faculty members. Traditional notice boards are often limited in their reach and efficiency. To address this issue, a Wi-Fi based Electronic Notice Board (E Notice Board) system tailored for Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) is proposed. This system integrates various components including power supply, Bluetooth module, Arduino microcontroller, a dedicated mobile application, and P10 LED display modules to create a comprehensive solution. The Wi-Fi connectivity ensures seamless transmission of notices and updates from the administrative staff to the E Notice Board, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The Arduino microcontroller acts as the central processing unit, coordinating the functions of the system components. Bluetooth functionality enables local communication with mobile devices for configuration and management purposes via a dedicated mobile application. The mobile app provides administrators with an intuitive interface to update notices, schedule events, and manage the E Notice Board remotely. The heart of the system lies in the P10 LED display modules, which offer high visibility and readability in both indoor and outdoor environments
YOLO Based License Plate Detection of Violators
Authors: TV Ananda Babu , B Pavithra , K Naveen , B Pavan , C Shanmukh , D Chiranjeevi
Published: October 2024

Road safety is of prime importance, as road accidents are among the biggest cause number of death in the country. Road accidents are primarily due to violators and lawbreakers of road safety rules like not wearing helmets, triple riding, etc. Even though there are many smart systems to monitor these violations, it is complicated to keep track of the data and view it efficiently from anywhere. Also, monitoring the permit details of other state vehicles is hard. A method was proposed to address this issue based on deep learning and optical character recognition (OCR). Here, we detect the riders not wearing helmets and triple riders using object detection by comparing YOLO versions. This simplifies the task of traffic police, who can’t continuously and efficiently monitor all the violators. A number of items can be recognized by the real time object recognition system YOLO in a single frame. It recognizes objects more precisely and faster than other recognition systems. It can predict up to 9,000 classes and even unseen classes. For number plate detection, we use OCR based character recognition. The recognized license plate images of violators are captured and stored in a database, which is then sent to the concerned department.