bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amor a la verdad y justicia global: Comentario a la encíclica Caritas in Veritate.
Authors: Ayora Pinós Xavier
Published: December 2016

The Pope Benedict XVI, in his fifth year of pontificate, in the saint Peter festivity has introduced us the third encyclical of his pontifcate and the first social doctrine: Caritas in Veritate. “Love in the truth, as the main propeller force for the real integral development and a supported progress before the new challenges of the globalization. There are several themes that are explained in this social encyclical, they are like a mental map of the theological and moral anthropology. The purpose of this article is to appoint and comment some points of the Papal letter about: The charity and the truth. The integral development, the supported progress and the new challenges of the globalization since the perspective of the moral theology.
Encíclica Caritas in Veritate y la economía global.
Authors: Álvarez Castillo Fernando Aurelio
Published: December 2016

In his Encyclical, Pope Benedict XVI calls for governments and those who move the world economy to be conscious of the reality facing needier countries, and in this sense, he covers important statistics and realities that developed economies have shown at the expense of the poorer ones. He shows us how to employ the concept of “charity” to resolve the problems of people and countries. He points out that the gap in economic development which the phenomenon of globalization has generated makes life diffcult for people in society, in such a way that poverty has begun to show itself as one of the principal outcomes of these situations, and it is a matter of concern that those responsible are so slow to respond, lacking in initiative to resolve problems and basic necessities in countries of Africa, Central and South America.The Pope has also pointed out the damage that the industrial world has produced on the environment, and in this way, calls upon governments to make efforts to generate regulatory systems that counteract the freedom with which markets function in this globalized economy.
Una aproximación a la eclesiología de las orientaciones pastorales de la iglesia chilena.
Authors: Cerda Sanhueza Alejandro Roberto , Sepúlveda Óscar Marcelo
Published: December 2016

An approximation to the ecclesiology of the Pastorals Orientations of the Chilean church. The present job is the result of an investigation about the central aspects of the ecclesiological contents insert in the pastorals orientations of the Episcopal conference of Chile. This tradition began in 1968, forty years ago. The pastoral orientations are documents of Pastoral Kind, but they facilitate to discover concepts and theologics fundamental truth which are eminent for the confguration of the Chilean church. For the side, they are instruments make for improving the gospel action, so that found a certain primeness of the evangelization in all the development of each one of them. In this job, the pastoral orientations are defned as they are and appraise too. Hereafter they are analyzed each one of them, marking some appropriate ecclesiological emphasis, ending with a presentation of some transversal keys of the documents.
Una mirada al pasado:
Authors: Hallet Collard Charles
Published: December 2016

Known for helping weaning the Catholic Church from the Conservative Party, and to separate it from the State in 1925's Constitution, the former Santiago de Chile's archbishop from 1918 to 1931, was one of the main actors of the history of chilean Church.His Memories doesn't cover his whole life: they practically end with the nomination of presbyter Mariano Casanova as Santiago de Chile's archbishop in 1887. So, that's why its title: Some of what I saw. The text that was delivered to be published after his death, was already written by 1923. He didn't add any later fact, because while written he didn't want to evoke painful memories, but he wanted "entertainment for my tired mood" (p. 328-329). In fact, it's very incomplete memories the ones published three years after his death, but are a privileged testimony about Santiago de Chile's life, and also about the ecclesial circles of the second half of XIX century in Chile's capital city.
Motor vehicle evaluative criteria: Using unmet expectations as signals for dissonance
Authors: Brijball Parumasur Sanjana
Published: December 2016

This study assesses whether motor vehicle consumers base their purchases on functional or symbolic needs. It also evaluates motor vehicle buyer’s level of importance attached to evaluative criteria and the extent to which they believe the purchased vehicle fulfils the evaluative criteria, in order to assess whether expectations have been met or not and hence, the potential for cognitive dissonance. Biographical correlates (race, marital status, age, education, occupation, income, gender) are evaluated and the influence of range of motor vehicle is also analysed. A sample of 200 brand new motor vehicle buyers was drawn using the stratified random sampling technique based on range of motor vehicle purchased, month of purchases, gender and age of the buyer. Only new motor vehicle buyers (within KwaZulu-Natal) who concluded their purchases in one major, reputable and leading motor vehicle manufacturing company and who owned the vehicle for a maximum period of seven months were considered, so as to avoid cognitive intrusion. The results indicate that consumer’ expectations were not met in terms of price, economy and performance yet these were buyers’ most highly rated evaluative criteria, thereby reflecting the potential for dissonance. Significant biographical correlates were noted in terms of race, age, occupation, income, gender and motor vehicle evaluative criteria. Whilst bottom and middle of the range motor vehicle consumers favour functional or utilitarian value, top of the range motor vehicle consumers aim to fulfil symbolic needs.
Export diversification and structural changes in South Africa
Authors: Choga Ireen , Tsegaye Asrat
Published: December 2016

What is the nature and extent of export diversification in South Africa? The primary purpose of this paper is to seek empirical answers to this question. In an attempt to derive empirical measures of the extent of export diversification and the structural changes taking place in South Africa, this paper uses a sample of a group of 28 selected commodities for the period 1980-2012 for which the most recent data is available. The following methods were used to measure the extent of export diversification and the structural changes in export diversification: Commodity-specific cumulative export Experience function, the Commodity-specific traditional index (CSTI), variance of CSTI, concentration ratio and the aggregate specialisation index. The Commodity-Specific Cumulative Experience Function plots show that roughly, commodities such as scientific equipment, transport equipment, motor vehicles, furniture, machinery and electronic products were shifted to the right indicating that the commodities are non-traditional in nature whereas gold coal agricultural products and wood are traditional in nature. The CSTI rankings indicated that motor vehicle exports ranked first showing that motor vehicles are non-traditional exports. Findings of this paper corroborate findings of other scholars; we conclude that our results are complementary.
Do the women matter in co-operative banks’ boards?
Authors: Boscia Vittorio , Marchetti Pietro , Stefanelli Valeria
Published: December 2016

The topic of gender diversity is assuming greater importance not only for regulatory reasons. In credit cooperative field, the presence of gender diversity can qualify among the mutual aims and social sector should pursue. With reference to cooperative banks, the work aims to verify whether board gender diversity increases the creation of value for stakeholders, in terms of stakeholders’ global value added (shareholders, employees, customers, regulators, community and external environment). We propose an econometric approach based on OLS regression model; the econometric model adopted to test our research hypothesis take into account three dependent variables in order to measure the amount and the distribution of value created by each cooperative bank, like Global Value Added Index, HHI Index and GINI Index. Regarding the regressors in order to express the bank governance profile, the choice of variables is based on the results of the studies relating to bank governance-performance. Our model takes also into account other macro-economic control regressors. The model is tested on a sample of Italian cooperative banks. Previous studies on board gender diversity in cooperative banks are particularly limited as a result of limited information and opacity of this field. The existing studies are limited to analyses of the effects on performance of the separation between ownership and control or of the corporate and governance structures, neglecting the dynamics of gender diversity; recently, some authors have investigated the relationship between the composition of loan portfolios and the structure and membership of the boards of cooperative banks in Spain, without however considering the board gender diversity. Our work allows you to expand the knowledge on the issue of governance of cooperative banks. Our study proposes some indicators to assess the social and mutual performance of cooperative banks; it puts in evidence if board gender diversity may improve the amount and also the equity distribution of the value creation process to stakeholders’ cooperative banks. The outcomes of the paper may indicate possible best practices with respect to bank governance in bad economic times. So the gender diversity in board cooperative bank may contribute to support better business performance and, specifically, the bank’s ability to create and distribute finance customers characterized by a lower credit risk. Based on these results, some managerial implications are proposed.
State feminism in Serbia - institutionalization of feminist policies and practices
Authors: Antonijevic Zorana
Published: December 2016

The analysis that will be addressed in this paper will be in the outline of
understanding the relationship between gender and politics as a dynamic and
variable impact of the women?s movement on public policy and their
institutionalization. Within the theoretical framework of ?state feminism?, I
will try to give a critical review of the impact and results of the gender
equality mechanisms (women?s policy agencies), especially in relation to the
policies and practices of the feminist movement in Serbia. My analysis will
be primarily based on the theoretical bases derived from the research project
on state feminism (2010) conducted by Dorothy E. McBride and Amy G. Mazur for
more than thirty years. Also, some academic work dealing with state feminism
concept will be examined trough case studies from the Western Balkans
countries (Kesic, 2007,Spehar, 2007, 2012, 2014). Examples from the level of
the European Union will be also taken into account (Squires 2007; Kantola and
Outshoorn, 2007; Kantola and Dahl 2005; Kantola and Squires, 2012). Also,
?state feminism? is examined within the framework of the semi-periphery and
policy creation in the process of transition and European Union accession.
The resilience concept in sociology
Authors: Pavicevic Olivera
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we introduce the social dimension of the term resilience which
is different than all the other theoretical disciplines that use this term.
The connection between the concept of resilience and the theory of social
systems is viewed from a critical standpoint, and also with different
ontological perspectives in regard to understanding resilience. The
resilience as it exists in ecological or socio - ecological theories in
social reality is more complex when considering social relations and changes
that have different effects on functionality, adaptability and
transformational capacities of society and its units. In regard to that, the
constructivist approach offers an analytical framework that includes two
tasks. On the one hand, the discovery of the interpretative meaning of social
resilience as a concept, and on the other hand, using the normative neutral
approach as a way of dealing with various social situations that are burdened
with risks, troubles, but also with possibilities.
Privatization and class interests
Authors: Vratusa Vera
Published: December 2016

This paper tests the hypothesis that there exists increasing clash between
declining support to privatization of remaining state and social property,
public services, infrastructure and natural resources among majority of
respondents in Serbia, on the one hand, and the policy of imposition of
privatization by domestic and international social actors interested in
?finalization? of privatization, on the other. The main method of research is
secondary analysis of data pertaining to attitudes of representative samples
of respondents in Serbia on private property and privatization gathered
during surveys conducted in 1989, 2003. and 2012, in local and global social
and historical context of accumulation of capital systemic crisis in global
proportions. Research demonstrates that scarcity and insufficient
comparability of survey data on attitudes towards private property and
privatization, as well as ignoring of scarce findings by the decision making
power centers, are socially structured by contradictory class interests of
domestic and international social actors. In conclusion the author proposes
the construction of a common core of a research instrument for longitudinal,
on action oriented comparative research of socializing alternatives to
privatization and its destructive effects in all sub-systems of social
activity, in both former ?real socialist? as well as in present ?real
capitalist? societies.
Gender Differences in Students’ Physical Science Motivation
Authors: Thomas Almut E.
Published: December 2016

Implicit stereotypes associating science with male might play a role in the development of gender differences in students’ motivations for physical science. Particularly, the stereotypes of influential adults may induce students’ regulatory foci and subsequently their motivational beliefs. Drawing on expectancy-value theory, this study investigated whether teachers’ implicit science-is-male stereotypes predict between-teacher variation in males’ and females’ motivational beliefs regarding physical science. Results showed that teachers’ implicit science-is-male stereotypes are positively related with males’ self-concept and intrinsic value but negatively associated with females’ motivational beliefs. The findings of this study corroborate the notion that teachers’ implicit stereotypes can contribute to gender differences in motivational beliefs and probably also to gendered educational choices.
“We Must Talk about Cologne”: Race, Gender, and Reconfigurations of “Europe”
Authors: Weber Beverly
Published: December 2016

The perceived crisis triggered by the current refugee influx highlights the contradiction at the heart of human rights discourse. Modern humanity has been constructed as both European and as universal; the racialized “Other” against whom the “modern human” disturbs this construction by laying claim to human rights from the very heart of Europe. The sexualized violence reported in Cologne on New Year’s Eve fed into racialized fears of refugees and immigrants promoted by groups on the radical right, even as racialized fears returned to mainstream discourses. Critical responses to the racism of the radical right unfortunately also participate in racialized discourses by resorting to “Europe” or “European values.” This analysis suggests the need to consider Europe as a field of power, one in which the contestation over what Europe is or should be results in concrete, racialized disparities in access to social mobility, education, or public agency. A project for racial, gender and economic justice requires the thinking of Europe as an ongoing project of world-making. The call to revisit or reclaim “European” values cannot succeed here. Nor can a response to the new right (or the newly normalized racism of the center) allow the new right to determine the parameters of debates about possibilities for the future.
Description de trois nouvelles espèces de Colydiidae de l'Arizona et de Californie (Coleoptera)
Authors: Dajoz Roger
Published: December 2016

Description de trois espèces nouvelles de Colydiidae provenant du sud-est de l'Arizona et du sud de la Californie : Penthelispa arizonica, Colydium chiricahuae et Eudesmula californica. Comparaison avec les espèces voisines. La biologie et l'intérêt biogéographique de ces trois espèces sont exposés.
Présence de Blitopertha campestris Latreille (Coleoptera Rutelidae) dans le département du Jura
Authors: Robert Jean-Yves
Published: December 2016

Blitopertha campestris Latr. a été découvert en 1984 dans des terrains sablonneux de la région de Lons-le-Saunier (Jura) qui constitue apparemment la limite septentrionale pour ce Scarabéide méridional. La présence de l'espèce aussi loin de son aire de répartition classique est commentée.
Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries
Authors: Straumal Boris Borisovich , Protasova Svetlana G , Mazilkin Andrei A , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela , Straumal Petr B , Baretzky Brigitte
Published: December 2016

The possibility to attain ferromagnetic properties in transparent semiconductor oxides such as ZnO is very promising for future spintronic applications. We demonstrate in this review that ferromagnetism is not an intrinsic property of the ZnO crystalline lattice but is that of ZnO/ZnO grain boundaries. If a ZnO polycrystal contains enough grain boundaries, it can transform into the ferromagnetic state even without doping with “magnetic atoms” such as Mn, Co, Fe or Ni. However, such doping facilitates the appearance of ferromagnetism in ZnO. It increases the saturation magnetisation and decreases the critical amount of grain boundaries needed for FM. A drastic increase of the total solubility of dopants in ZnO with decreasing grain size has been also observed. It is explained by the multilayer grain boundary segregation.
NEW EXTREME TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS: TOWARD A SUPER-EARTH IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Sheppard Scott S. , Trujillo Chadwick
Published: December 2016

We are performing a wide and deep survey for extreme distant solar system objects. Our goal is to understand the high-perihelion objects Sedna and 2012 VP113 and determine if an unknown massive planet exists in the outer solar system. The discovery of new extreme objects from our survey of some 1080 square degrees of sky to over 24th magnitude in the r-band are reported. Two of the new objects, 2014 SR349 and 2013 FT28, are extreme detached trans-Neptunian objects, which have semimajor axes greater than 150 au and perihelia well beyond Neptune (q > 40 au). Both new objects have orbits with arguments of perihelia within the range of the clustering of this angle seen in the other known extreme objects. One of these objects, 2014 SR349, has a longitude of perihelion similar to the other extreme objects, but 2013 FT28 is about 180° away or anti-aligned in its longitude of perihelion. We also discovered the first outer Oort Cloud object with a perihelion beyond Neptune, 2014 FE72. We discuss these and other interesting objects discovered in our ongoing survey. All the high semimajor axis (a > 150 au) and high-perihelion (q > 35 au) bodies follow the previously identified argument of perihelion clustering as first reported and explained as being from an unknown massive planet in 2014 by Trujillo & Sheppard, which some have called Planet X or Planet Nine. With the discovery of 2013 FT28 on the opposite side of the sky, we now report that the argument of perihelion is significantly correlated with the longitude of perihelion and orbit pole angles for extreme objects and find there are two distinct extreme clusterings anti-aligned with each other. This previously unnoticed correlation is further evidence of an unknown massive planet on a distant eccentric inclined orbit, as extreme eccentric objects with perihelia on opposite sides of the sky (180° longitude of perihelion differences) would approach the inclined planet at opposite points in their orbits, thus making the extreme objects prefer to stay away from opposite ecliptic latitudes to avoid the planet (i.e., opposite argument of perihelia or orbit pole angles).
SPIRAL STRUCTURE AND DIFFERENTIAL DUST SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN THE LkHα 330 DISK
Authors: Akiyama Eiji , Hashimoto Jun , Liu Hauyu baobabu , Li Jennifer i-hsiu , Bonnefoy Michael , Dong Ruobing , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Henning Thomas , Sitko Michael L. , Janson Markus , Feldt Markus , Wisniewski John , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Momose Munetake , Muto Takayuki , Taki Tetsuo , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Satoshi Mayama , Takami Michihiro , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Grady Carol A. , Kwon Jungmi , Thalmann Christian , Abe Lyu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Carson Joseph C. , Egner Sebastian , Goto Miwa , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ishii Miki , Iye Masanori , Knapp Gillian R. , Kandori Ryo , Matsuo Taro , Mcelwain Michael W. , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Takato Naruhisa , Terada Hiroshi , Tomono Daigo , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Yamada Toru , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide
Published: December 2016

Dust trapping accelerates the coagulation of dust particles, and, thus, it represents an initial step toward the formation of planetesimals. We report H-band (1.6 μm) linear polarimetric observations and 0.87 mm interferometric continuum observations toward a transitional disk around LkHα 330. As a result, a pair of spiral arms were detected in the H-band emission, and an asymmetric (potentially arm-like) structure was detected in the 0.87 mm continuum emission. We discuss the origin of the spiral arm and the asymmetric structure and suggest that a massive unseen planet is the most plausible explanation. The possibility of dust trapping and grain growth causing the asymmetric structure was also investigated through the opacity index (β) by plotting the observed spectral energy distribution slope between 0.87 mm from our Submillimeter Array observation and 1.3 mm from literature. The results imply that grains are indistinguishable from interstellar medium-like dust in the east side (

) but are much smaller in the west side

, indicating differential dust size distribution between the two sides of the disk. Combining the results of near-infrared and submillimeter observations, we conjecture that the spiral arms exist at the upper surface and an asymmetric structure resides in the disk interior. Future observations at centimeter wavelengths and differential polarization imaging in other bands (Y–K) with extreme AO imagers are required to understand how large dust grains form and to further explore the dust distribution in the disk.
IS NSVS 5066754 A NEAR-CONTACT OR A MARGINAL CONTACT BINARY?
Authors: Samec Ronald G. , Nyaude Ropafadzo , Caton Daniel B. , Faulkner Danny R.
Published: December 2016

BVR

c

I

c
light curves of NSVS 5066754 were taken on 2014 May at Dark Sky Observatory in North Carolina. This variable is a solar-type eclipsing binary (T1 ∼ 5750 K) with a period of only 0.3751689(1) days. It appeared to be one of the shortest periods in Shaw’s list of near-contact binaries. The Binary Maker fits and our Wilson–Devinney solutions show that the binary could have both semidetached and marginal contact binary configurations. Five new times of minimum light were calculated, along with two minima determined from archived All Sky Automated Survey observations. From these minima and the discovery epoch, a quadratic ephemeris was determined. Thus, a magnetic braking scenario is possible. Both semidetached and contact models were explored. A marginal contact solution had the best sum of square residuals. It gave a mass ratio of ∼0.5, and a component temperature difference of ∼360 K, albeit somewhat large for a contact binary. Two substantial cool spots were determined in this solution with 37° and 28° radii and t-factors or 0.94 and 0.78 respectively. The fill-out is very shallow, ∼106%. It may have recently achieved contact.
CLUSTER-LENSING: A PYTHON PACKAGE FOR GALAXY CLUSTERS AND MISCENTERING
Authors: Ford Jes , VanderPlas Jake
Published: December 2016

We describe a new open source package for calculating properties of galaxy clusters, including Navarro, Frenk, and White halo profiles with and without the effects of cluster miscentering. This pure-Python package, cluster-lensing, provides well-documented and easy-to-use classes and functions for calculating cluster scaling relations, including mass-richness and mass-concentration relations from the literature, as well as the surface mass density

and differential surface mass density

profiles, probed by weak lensing magnification and shear. Galaxy cluster miscentering is especially a concern for stacked weak lensing shear studies of galaxy clusters, where offsets between the assumed and the true underlying matter distribution can lead to a significant bias in the mass estimates if not accounted for. This software has been developed and released in a public GitHub repository, and is licensed under the permissive MIT license. The cluster-lensing package is archived on Zenodo. Full documentation, source code, and installation instructions are available at http://jesford.github.io/cluster-lensing/.
METERWAVELENGTH SINGLE-PULSE POLARIMETRIC EMISSION SURVEY. II. THE PHENOMENON OF DRIFTING SUBPULSES
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I. , Maciesiak Krzysztof , Skrzypczak Anna , Szary Andrzej
Published: December 2016

A large sample of pulsars was observed as part of the Meterwavelength Single-pulse Polarimetric Emission Survey. We carried out a detailed fluctuation spectral analysis that revealed periodic features in 46% of pulsars, including 22 pulsars where drifting characteristics were reported for the first time. The pulsar population can be categorized into three distinct groups: pulsars that show systematic drift motion within the pulse window, pulsars showing no systematic drift but periodic amplitude fluctuation, and pulsars with no periodic variations. We discovered the dependence of the drifting phenomenon on the spin-down energy loss (

E

˙

), with the three categories occupying distinctly different regions along the

E

˙

axis. The estimation of the drift periodicity (P
3) from the peak frequency in the fluctuation spectra is ambiguous due to the aliasing effect. However, using basic physical arguments we were able to determine P
3 in pulsars showing systematic drift motion. The estimated P
3 values in these pulsars were anti-correlated with

E

˙

, which favored the partially screened gap model of the inner acceleration region in pulsars.
ON THE RADIO DICHOTOMY OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Cao Xinwu
Published: December 2016

It is still a mystery why only a small fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) contain relativistic jets. A strong magnetic field is a necessary ingredient for jet formation, however, the advection of the external field in a geometrically thin disk is inefficient. Gas with a small angular velocity may fall from the Bondi radius

nearly freely to the circularization radius

, and a thin accretion disk is formed within

. We suggest that the external magnetic field is substantially enhanced in this region, and the magnetic field at

can be sufficiently strong to drive outflows from the disk if the angular velocity of the gas is low at

. The magnetic field is efficiently dragged in the disk, because most angular momentum of the disk is removed by the outflows that lead to a significantly high radial velocity. The strong magnetic field formed in this way may accelerate jets in the region near the black hole, either by the Blandford–Payne or/and Blandford–Znajek mechanisms. We suggest that the radio dichotomy of AGNs predominantly originates from the angular velocity of the circumnuclear gas. An AGN will appear as a radio-loud (RL) one if the angular velocity of the circumnuclear gas is lower than a critical value at the Bondi radius, otherwise, it will appear as a radio-quiet (RQ) AGN. This is supported by the observations that RL nuclei are invariably hosted by core galaxies. Our model suggests that the mass growth of the black holes in RL quasars is much faster than that in RQ quasars with the same luminosity, which is consistent with the fact that the massive black holes in RL quasars are systematically a few times heavier than those in their RQ counterparts.
THE SHAPE OF THE INNER MILKY WAY HALO FROM OBSERVATIONS OF THE PAL 5 AND GD–1 STELLAR STREAMS
Authors: Bovy Jo , Bahmanyar Anita , Fritz Tobias K. , Kallivayalil Nitya
Published: December 2016

We constrain the shape of the Milky Way’s halo by dynamical modeling of the observed phase-space tracks of the Pal 5 and GD–1 tidal streams. We find that the only information about the potential gleaned from the tracks of these streams are precise measurements of the shape of the gravitational potential—the ratio of vertical to radial acceleration—at the location of the streams, with weaker constraints on the radial and vertical accelerations separately. The latter will improve significantly with precise proper-motion measurements from Gaia. We measure that the overall potential flattening is 0.95 ± 0.04 at the location of GD–1 (

) and 0.94 ± 0.05 at the position of Pal 5 (

). Combined with constraints on the force field near the Galactic disk, we determine that the axis ratio of the dark-matter halo’s density distribution is 1.05 ± 0.14 within the inner 20 kpc, with a hint that the halo becomes more flattened near the edge of this volume. The halo mass within

is

. A dark-matter halo this close to spherical is in tension with the predictions from numerical simulations of the formation of dark-matter halos.
MUSE GAS FLOW AND WIND (MEGAFLOW). I. FIRST MUSE RESULTS ON BACKGROUND QUASARS*
Authors: Schroetter I. , Bouché N. , Wendt M. , Contini T. , Finley H. , Pelló R. , Bacon R. , Cantalupo S. , Marino R. A. , Richard J. , Lilly S. J. , Schaye J. , Soto K. , Steinmetz M. , Straka L. A. , Wisotzki L.
Published: December 2016

The physical properties of galactic winds are one of the keys to understand galaxy formation and evolution. These properties can be constrained thanks to background quasar lines of sight (LOS) passing near star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We present the first results of the MusE GAs FLOw and Wind survey obtained from two quasar fields, which have eight Mg ii absorbers of which three have rest equivalent width greater than 0.8 Å. With the new Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we detect six (75%) Mg ii host galaxy candidates within a radius of 30″ from the quasar LOS. Out of these six galaxy–quasar pairs, from geometrical argument, one is likely probing galactic outflows, where two are classified as “ambiguous,” two are likely probing extended gaseous disks and one pair seems to be a merger. We focus on the wind-pair and constrain the outflow using a high-resolution quasar spectra from the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph. Assuming the metal absorption to be due to ga;s flowing out of the detected galaxy through a cone along the minor axis, we find outflow velocities in the order of ≈150

(i.e., smaller than the escape velocity) with a loading factor,

, of ≈0.7. We see evidence for an open conical flow, with a low-density inner core. In the future, MUSE will provide us with about 80 multiple galaxy−quasar pairs in two dozen fields.
DERIVING THE PROPERTIES OF CORONAL PRESSURE FRONTS IN 3D: APPLICATION TO THE 2012 MAY 17 GROUND LEVEL ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Rouillard A. P. , Plotnikov I. , Pinto R. F. , Tirole M. , Lavarra M. , Zucca P. , Vainio R. , Tylka A. J. , Vourlidas A. , Rosa M. L. De , Linker J. , Warmuth A. , Mann G. , Cohen C. M. S. , Mewaldt R. A.
Published: December 2016

We study the link between an expanding coronal shock and the energetic particles measured near Earth during the ground level enhancement of 2012 May 17. We developed a new technique based on multipoint imaging to triangulate the three-dimensional (3D) expansion of the shock forming in the corona. It uses images from three vantage points by mapping the outermost extent of the coronal region perturbed by the pressure front. We derive for the first time the 3D velocity vector and the distribution of Mach numbers, M
FM, of the entire front as a function of time. Our approach uses magnetic field reconstructions of the coronal field, full magnetohydrodynamic simulations and imaging inversion techniques. We find that the highest M
FM values appear near the coronal neutral line within a few minutes of the coronal mass ejection onset; this neutral line is usually associated with the source of the heliospheric current and plasma sheet. We illustrate the variability of the shock speed, shock geometry, and Mach number along different modeled magnetic field lines. Despite the level of uncertainty in deriving the shock Mach numbers, all employed reconstruction techniques show that the release time of GeV particles occurs when the coronal shock becomes super-critical (M
FM > 3). Combining in situ measurements with heliospheric imagery, we also demonstrate that magnetic connectivity between the accelerator (the coronal shock of 2012 May 17) and the near-Earth environment is established via a magnetic cloud that erupted from the same active region roughly five days earlier.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND KINEMATICS OF THE MOLECULAR MATERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH ETA CARINAE
Authors: Loinard Laurent , Kamiński Tomasz , Serra Paolo , Menten Karl M. , Zapata Luis A. , Rodríguez Luis F.
Published: December 2016

Single-dish submillimeter observations have recently revealed the existence of a substantial, chemically peculiar molecular gas component located in the innermost circumstellar environment of the very massive luminous blue variable star, η Carinae. Here, we present 5″-resolution interferometric observations of the

rotational transition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) toward this star obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The emission is concentrated in the central few arcseconds around η Carinae and shows a clear 150 km s−1 velocity gradient running from west-north-west (blue) to east-south-east (red). Given the extent, location, and kinematics of this molecular material, we associate it with the complex of dusty arcs and knots seen in mid-infrared emission near the center of the Homunculus nebula. Indeed, the shielding provided by this dust could help explain how molecules survive in the presence of the intense UV radiation field produced by η Carinae. The dust located in the central few arcseconds around η Carinae and the molecular component described here most likely formed in situ and out of material expelled by the massive interacting binary system. Thus, η Carinae offers us a rare glimpse of the processes that lead to the formation of dust and molecules around massive stars, which are relevant to the interpretation of dust and molecule detections at high redshifts.
SOLAR WIND MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS AND ELECTRON NON-THERMAL TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY: SURVEY OF WIND-SWE-VEIS OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Adrian M. L. , Viñas A. F. , Moya P. S. , Wendel D. E.
Published: December 2016

The solar wind electron velocity distribution function (eVDF) exhibits a variety of non-thermal features that deviate from thermal equilibrium. These deviations from equilibrium provide a local source for electromagnetic fluctuation emissions, including the commonly observed electron whistler-cyclotron and firehose instabilities. We present a systematic analysis of Wind-SWE-VEIS observations of solar wind electron plasma and associated Wind-MFI observed magnetic fluctuations. For the first time using the full solar wind electron distribution and its moments, without separation of the various electron components, we show clear evidence that the temperature anisotropy threshold of the parallel electron cyclotron anisotropic instability bounds solar wind electrons during slow solar wind periods. We also demonstrate that during periods of slow solar wind, collisions—while infrequent—are the dominant mechanism by which solar wind electrons are constrained, leading to isotropization. During fast solar wind periods, magnetic fluctuations and solar wind anisotropies are enhanced above the parallel whistler anisotropic threshold boundary and collisional effects are significantly reduced. Preliminary calculations further show that the oblique electron whistler mirror anisotropic instability bounds both the slow and fast solar wind. Regardless of speed, the solar wind electron thermal anisotropy appears globally bounded by the parallel electron firehose instability for anisotropies

. Our results indicate that collisions, while infrequent, play a necessary role in regulating the solar wind eVDFs. In striking contrast to solar wind ions, solar wind electron plasma, when considered globally as a single eVDF, is only marginally stable with respect to parallel propagating instabilities.
TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WHITE-LIGHT FLARE KERNELS IN A SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Kawate T. , Ishii T. T. , Nakatani Y. , Ichimoto K. , Asai A. , Morita S. , Masuda S.
Published: December 2016

On 2011 September 6, we observed an X2.1-class flare in continuum and Hα with a frame rate of about 30 Hz. After processing images of the event by using a speckle-masking image reconstruction, we identified white-light (WL) flare ribbons on opposite sides of the magnetic neutral line. We derive the light curve decay times of the WL flare kernels at each resolution element by assuming that the kernels consist of one or two components that decay exponentially, starting from the peak time. As a result, 42% of the pixels have two decay-time components with average decay times of 15.6 and 587 s, whereas the average decay time is 254 s for WL kernels with only one decay-time component. The peak intensities of the shorter decay-time component exhibit good spatial correlation with the WL intensity, whereas the peak intensities of the long decay-time components tend to be larger in the early phase of the flare at the inner part of the flare ribbons, close to the magnetic neutral line. The average intensity of the longer decay-time components is 1.78 times higher than that of the shorter decay-time components. If the shorter decay time is determined by either the chromospheric cooling time or the nonthermal ionization timescale and the longer decay time is attributed to the coronal cooling time, this result suggests that WL sources from both regions appear in 42% of the WL kernels and that WL emission of the coronal origin is sometimes stronger than that of chromospheric origin.
IMPULSIVELY GENERATED SAUSAGE WAVES IN CORONAL TUBES WITH TRANSVERSALLY CONTINUOUS STRUCTURING
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Bo , Chen Shao-Xia , Xiong Ming , Guo Ming-Zhe
Published: December 2016

The frequency dependence of the longitudinal group speeds of trapped sausage waves plays an important role in determining impulsively generated wave trains, which have often been invoked to account for quasi-periodic signals in coronal loops. We examine how the group speeds (

) depend on angular frequency (ω) for sausage modes in pressureless coronal tubes with continuous transverse density distributions by solving the dispersion relation pertinent to the case where the density inhomogeneity of arbitrary form occurs in a transition layer of arbitrary thickness. We find that in addition to the transverse lengthscale l and density contrast

, the group speed behavior also depends on the detailed form of the density inhomogeneity. For parabolic profiles,

always decreases with ω first before increasing again, as happens for the much studied top-hat profiles. For linear profiles, however, the behavior of the

curves is more complex. When

, the curves become monotonical for large values of l. On the other hand, for higher density contrasts, a local maximum

exists in addition to a local minimum

when coronal tubes are diffuse. With time-dependent computations, we show that the different behavior of group speed curves, the characteristic speeds

and

in particular, is reflected in the temporal evolution and Morlet spectra of impulsively generated wave trains. We conclude that the observed quasi-periodic wave trains not only can be employed to probe such key parameters as density contrasts and profile steepness, but also have the potential to discriminate between the unknown forms of the transverse density distribution.
TRACING INFALL AND ROTATION ALONG THE OUTFLOW CAVITY WALLS OF THE L483 PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPE
Authors: Y. C. Leung Gigi , Lim Jeremy , Takakuwa Shigehisa
Published: December 2016

Single-dish observations in CS(7–6) reveal emission extending out to thousands of au along the outflow axis of low-mass protostars and having a velocity gradient in the opposite direction to that of their outflows. This emission has been attributed to dense and warm gas flowing outward along the walls of bipolar outflow cavities. Here, we present combined single-dish and interferometric CS(7–6) maps for the low-mass protostar L483, revealing a newly discovered compact central component (radius ≲800 au) and previously unknown features in its extended component (visible out to ∼4000 au). The velocity gradient and skewed (toward the redshifted side) brightness distribution of the extended component are detectable out to a radius of ∼2000 au, but not beyond. The compact central component exhibits a velocity gradient in the same direction as, but which is steeper than that of, the extended component. Furthermore, both components exhibit a velocity gradient with an approximately constant magnitude across the outflow axis, apparent in the extended component not just through but also away from the center out to 2000 au. We point out contradictions between our results and model predictions for outflowing gas and propose a new model in which all of the aforementioned emission can be qualitatively explained by gas inflowing along the outflow cavity walls of a rigidly rotating envelope. Our model also can explain the extended CS(7–6) emission observed around other low-mass protostars.
X-RAY AND ROTATIONAL LUMINOSITY CORRELATION AND MAGNETIC HEATING OF RADIO PULSARS
Authors: Shibata S. , Watanabe E. , Yatsu Y. , Enoto T. , Bamba A.
Published: December 2016

Previous works have suggested a correlation between the X-ray luminosity

and the rotational luminosity

of radio pulsars. However, none of the obtained regression lines is statistically acceptable due to large scatter. We construct a statistical model that has an intrinsic

–

relation and reproduces the observed

distribution about it by using a Monte Carlo simulator, which takes into account the effects obscuring the intrinsic relation, i.e., the anisotropy of radiation, additional heating, uncertainty in distance, and the detection limit of the instruments. From the ATNF pulsar catalog we collect 57 “ordinary radio pulsars” with significant detection and 42 with upper limits. The sample does not include high-magnetic-field pulsars (>1013 G), which are analyzed separately. We obtain a statistically acceptable relation

with c
1 = 1.03 ± 0.27 and L
0 = 1035.38. The distribution about the obtained

–

relation is reproduced well by the simulator. Pulsars with abnormally high

fall into two types: one is the soft gamma-ray pulsars, and the other is pulsars that are thermally bright in comparison with the standard cooling curve. On the other hand, pulsars showing low

are found to have dim pulsar wind nebulae (PWNs). We argue that there is an unknown mechanism that governs both the magnetospheric emission and the PWNs, and it might involve the production rate of electron–positron pairs. High-field pulsars form a population that is distinct from ordinary pulsars due to their excess luminosities.
PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLE FORMATION IN THE MATTER-DOMINATED PHASE OF THE UNIVERSE
Authors: Harada Tomohiro , Yoo Chul-moon , Kohri Kazunori , Nakao Ken-ichi , Jhingan Sanjay
Published: December 2016

We investigate primordial black hole formation in the matter-dominated phase of the universe, where nonspherical effects in gravitational collapse play a crucial role. This is in contrast to the black hole formation in a radiation-dominated era. We apply the Zel’dovich approximation, Thorne’s hoop conjecture, and Doroshkevich’s probability distribution and subsequently derive the production probability

of primordial black holes. The numerical result obtained is applicable even if the density fluctuation σ at horizon entry is of the order of unity. For

, we find a semi-analytic formula

, which is comparable to the Khlopov–Polnarev formula. We find that the production probability in the matter-dominated era is much larger than that in the radiation-dominated era for

, while they are comparable with each other for

. We also discuss how σ can be written in terms of primordial curvature perturbations.
SHADOWS OF OUR FORMER COMPANIONS: HOW THE SINGLE-DEGENERATE BINARY TYPE IA SUPERNOVA SCENARIO AFFECTS REMNANTS
Authors: Gray William J. , Raskin Cody , Owen J. Michael
Published: December 2016

Here we present three-dimensional high-resolution simulations of Type Ia supernova in the presence of a non-degenerate companion. We find that the presence of a nearby companion leaves a long-lived hole in the supernova ejecta. In particular, we aim to study the long-term evolution of this hole as the supernova ejecta interacts with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Using estimates for the X-ray emission, we find that the hole generated by the companion remains for many centuries after the interaction between the ejecta and the ISM. We also show that the hole is discernible over a wide range of viewing angles and companion masses.
ON THE PROPER USE OF THE REDUCED SPEED OF LIGHT APPROXIMATION
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: December 2016

I show that the reduced speed of light (RSL) approximation, when used properly (i.e., as originally designed—only for local sources but not for the cosmic background), remains a highly accurate numerical method for modeling cosmic reionization. Simulated ionization and star formation histories from the “Cosmic Reionization on Computers” project are insensitive to the adopted value of the RSL for as long as that value does not fall below about 10% of the true speed of light. A recent claim of the failure of the RSL approximation in the Illustris reionization model appears to be due to the effective speed of light being reduced in the equation for the cosmic background too and hence illustrates the importance of maintaining the correct speed of light in modeling the cosmic background.