bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphostructure of the broiler liver when using adaptogens during growth and fattening
Authors: Drozd M.N. , Usevich V.M.
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of modern poultry farming depends on many factors, the main of which is the food supply. In addition, preventive work, including vaccination and preventive measures that increase the resistance of chickens and their survival, is an important factor. The article presents comparative results on the use of various adaptogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the macro-microstructure of the broiler liver when using adaptogens of various origins during growth and fattening. The objectives of the study were: to evaluate changes in the macro- and microstructure of the liver after fattening broilers, when feeding adaptogens of various origins, while comparing the preventive effectiveness of adaptogens in diseases of the digestive system, the effectiveness of fattening and the safety of livestock. For the first time, an organoleptic veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of giblets was carried out in comparison with microscopic changes after feeding various feed additives of domestic production with the properties of adaptogens. An adaptogen has been identified that maximally reduces the incidence of broilers in diseases of the digestive system and liver, the main organ responsible for metabolic processes in the body. In addition, an adaptogen has been identified that allows maximizing the efficiency of using the feed base for growing and fattening broilers. Such an adaptogen is an organic adaptogen – peat-sapropel concentrate. The effectiveness of the used domestic feed additives, which are adaptogens, depends on the composition of these additives, it is mainly determined by the mineral composition and biologically active additives included in their composition. The used feed additives have organoprotective properties, increase the nonspecific resistance of the bird's body, increase the efficiency of using the feed base, and increase the survival rate of chickens. Accordingly, they increase the efficiency of meat and poultry farming.
The use of an anxiolytic and vitamin C in the correction of technological stress in the rearing of broiler chickens
Authors: Ksenofontov Dmitry A. , Muradyan Ekaterina A. , Makaeva Victoria I. , Ksenofontova Angelika A.
Published: November 2024

In modern broiler poultry farming, technological stress of poultry is an important factor in reducing productivity. Developing new methods for decreasing the effects of stress on the broilers is one of the important goal. In an experiment on broiler chickens, the stress-protective effect of hydroxyzine, ascorbic acid and their complex on clinical indicators and productive qualities was studied. It was found that the use of hydroxyzine and its complex with vitamin C increases the average daily weight gain by 20%. With an increase in stocking density by 1.5 times, the level of erythrocytes decreases in all groups, but the use of hydroxyzine prevents the development of erythropenia. An increase in stocking density changes the leukocyte formula of the blood, increasing the proportion of lymphocytes by 18%. The use of anxiolytics does not affect the ratio of lymphocytes and heterophils. A conclusion is made about the positive effect of hydroxyzine on metabolic processes in chickens grown under conditions of technological stress.
The effect of adding N-carbomylglutamate to the diet on dairy productivity and product quality in cows
Authors: Kutin I.V. , Koltsov K.S. , Gavrikov A.S.
Published: November 2024

The study examined the effect of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) additives on milk yield, nitrogen metabolism and milk quality in highly productive dairy cows. In the experimental group, the efficiency of nitrogen use increased by 2.1%, and milk production increased. Milk quality indicators remained unchanged. After 30 days of taking N-carbamylglutamate, the total milk yield in the experimental group was 5.6% (p<0.05) higher than the baseline level and 8.3% (p<0.05) higher than in the control group. In both groups, there was a natural decrease in productivity at the third stage of lactation, but in the experimental group, a higher level of productivity was maintained. The level of arginine in the blood increased significantly in the experimental group, which indicates an improvement in non-protein nitrogen absorption. Although there were no significant changes in the amino acid composition of milk, the experimental sample had a higher concentration of lactose (by 3.4%) and dry matter (by 1.68%), as well as casein (by 1.8%) compared to the control group. Analysis of the fatty acid content in the experimental sample revealed elevated levels of several types of fatty acids, including stearic, oleic, and long-chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids. It was found that the use of N-carbamylglutamate does not have a negative effect on key indicators of the quality of dairy products.
Exploring agritourism perceptions through social media: A thematic analysis based on the uses and gratifications theory
Authors: Niftiyev Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

This exploratory study uses Uses and Gratifications (U&'G) theory and thematic analysis (TA) to assess perceptions of the potential of agritourism in Azerbaijan, focusing on the YouTube channel “Country Life Vlog.” The channel, which originates from a small farm in northern Azerbaijan, has enjoyed global success and attracts numerous user comments, providing unfiltered qualitative data. To examine the main themes, 300 random comments were collected from six random videos. The qualitative analysis revealed four themes related to the potential of agritourism. Users commented positively on elements such as food, domestic animals and nature and showed moderate interest in traveling to Azerbaijan. The study used co-occurrence (overlap maps) and word cloud analyzes of the qualitative data set to visualize the most frequently mentioned terms and their relationships. These results are insightful for state tourism agencies, private farms and companies looking to market agritourism in Azerbaijan.
The financial aspect of the innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors: Meshkova Natalia , Golovchanskaya Elena , Stepanova Julia , Kramarenko Sofia
Published: November 2024

The competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation in the future depends on strategic decisions in the field of innovative development. The article examines the state of financing innovative activities in the agro-industrial complex, and also provides a comparison with the leading countries of the world in this industry. The strategy of innovative development of the agricultural sector is proposed, the emphasis is on attracting public and private investments in scientific research and financing, primarily the processing industry, agricultural engineering and domestic startups. The strategy of innovative development of the agricultural sector is proposed to be implemented in stages. The first stage is aimed at the industrialization of the agricultural sector, the second at the construction of world-class processing enterprises, the third at the formation of a national innovation system, the fourth at the evolutionary transition to sustainable agroecological development and its priority financing. The strategy of innovative development of the Russian agricultural sector and the possibility of financing the introduction of innovations by agri-food enterprises are considered, which will increase competitiveness and profitability. In order to support the innovative development of the agricultural sector, it is proposed to use benefits for exporters of innovative products. The introduction of benefits will increase the demand for innovative products and increase the export of agricultural goods with high added value. The method of calculating the index of benefits and the amount of benefits that are provided to both the investor and the manufacturer is proposed.
Energy-efficient solutions for industrial enterprises: Modern technologies in the field of sustainable production
Authors: Semennikov Anton , Omarov Zaur , Dovtaev Said-Ali
Published: November 2024

Industrial enterprises are increasingly embracing energy- efficient solutions to enhance sustainability in production processes. This shift towards sustainability is driven by modern technologies that aim to optimize energy usage and minimize environmental impact. Energy efficiency is a crucial aspect of sustainable production for industrial enterprises, given their significant role in global energy consumption and environmental impact. This article provides an in-depth exploration of modern technologies and approaches that industrial enterprises can adopt to enhance energy efficiency and promote sustainability. By embracing these energy-efficient solutions, industrial enterprises can achieve significant cost savings, minimize environmental impact, and contribute to a more sustainable future. The implementation of modern technologies in the field of sustainable production is essential for addressing global energy challenges and advancing towards a greener economy.
Eco-innovations in the digital transformation of enterprises: Sustainability and competitiveness
Authors: Shafa Tiflis Aliyev , Nemtsova Elena , Paytaeva Kometa
Published: November 2024

This article explores the impact of eco-innovations on the digital transformation of enterprises, with a focus on sustainability and competitiveness. In the context of the modern digital economy, environmental innovations are becoming increasingly important for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises. The article investigates various aspects of integrating environmental innovations into digital processes, such as resource optimization, energy consumption reduction, waste management improvement, and reducing the environmental footprint of production. Drawing on examples of best practices from various industrial sectors, the article analyzes how eco-innovations contribute to creating more sustainable and competitive enterprises in the digital era.
Biodiversity conservation through biotechnology: Strategies and practical solutions
Authors: Molochaeva Luiza , Orlova Elena , Akhmetova Lilia
Published: November 2024

In today's world, the preservation of natural ecosystems becomes an increasingly urgent task, requiring innovative approaches and technologies. This article examines the use of biotechnology in the conservation and protection of natural ecosystems. Various innovative approaches and technologies aimed at improving ecological sustainability and preserving biodiversity are discussed. Aspects such as the use of genetic engineering for the restoration of threatened species, bioremediation of polluted ecosystems, and the application of biological methods for pest control and soil protection are considered. This article provides an overview of modern advancements in biotechnology and their potential application for the preservation of natural ecosystems, as well as discusses the challenges and prospects for further development in this direction.
Carbon Emission Peaking During Economic Crises: Structural Shifts in Industrialized Nations
Authors: Dzhandarova Luiza , Satueva Laila , Damaev Alavdi
Published: November 2024

This research report analyzes the dynamics of carbon emissions during economic crises, focusing on structural changes in industrialized countries. The study covers periods of economic crisis and pays attention to changes in carbon-emitting industries. It is assumed that during periods of crisis, structural shifts occur, as a result of which carbon emissions may temporarily decline. The factors influencing this process are analyzed, and its impact on the overall level of carbon emissions in the long term is assessed. The findings help to understand how economic crises affect carbon emissions and what policy measures can be taken to manage these emissions in the future.
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases of students through improvement of environmental conditions
Authors: Abumuslimov S.S. , Magomedova Z.A. , Chochaeva Marina
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on exploring the nexus between environmental conditions and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases among students. It delves into the various dimensions of environmental factors, such as air quality, noise pollution, urban green spaces, and access to natural environments, and their potential impacts on cardiovascular health. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of these factors, the study aims to elucidate how improvements in environmental conditions can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases among student populations. The findings are expected to inform policymakers, urban planners, and public health professionals about the importance of environmental interventions in promoting cardiovascular health among students and guide the development of effective prevention strategies.
Development of green technologies in agriculture: Investment opportunities and challenges
Authors: Aigumov Aigum , Dadaev Yakub , Nurmagomedova Luiza
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the concept of a “green” economy, and also analyzes the concept of “green” bonds. The role of consumer demand as a factor in the development of the concept is assessed. Therefore, the development of green technologies in agriculture represents a necessary alternative to increase food production while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. In addition, green technologies in agriculture open up new opportunities for economic growth and development. Innovative approaches such as digitalization, the use of sensors and data analytics, and biotechnology can significantly improve the productivity and efficiency of agricultural production. This helps improve the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and create new jobs. Thus, studying this topic allows us to identify the potential for the development of green technologies in agriculture, as well as develop strategies to overcome existing challenges and obstacles.
Management of land relations and their impact on production in agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Semenov S.R. , Semenov N.S.
Published: November 2024

The modern development of land and production relations in agriculture are becoming a priority, since the agricultural sector can take a leading position in transforming the country’s economy. The study is aimed at clarifying the problems of theoretical and practically oriented foundations for the formation of land relations management and their impact on the production component of the industry. Theoretical positions and conclusions are formulated within the framework of the concept of sustainable development of the country's economy, which determines the further direction of the formation and management of land relations that actively influence agricultural production. This study showed the possibilities of managing the main resource of agricultural production and its role in the further distribution by categories of farms, thereby highlighting peasant (farm) farms as the main farms in the creation of gross agricultural output. Based on the study, it is recommended to improve the system of managing land relations, including strengthening the legislative framework, creating a unified agricultural information system for monitoring land, developing a program for the use and management of land areas that, for one reason or another, are not used in crop rotation and tend to decline.
Issues of Using Digital Technologies in Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Shutova Albina , Bersei Diana , Burkin Dmitry , Zatikyan Arsen , Gulakova Violetta
Published: November 2024

Digital technologies are actively used in the agro-industrial sector and their use will grow. However, at the moment there is a problematic situation when the term “digital technologies” is actively used in legislation but has no definition. This causes many problems and questions related to distinguishing them from information, information- telecommunication and other technologies, as well as their role and understanding in the system of social relations. This is what the presented publication is devoted to: the formation of conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of digital technologies.
Geoinformation services in precision agriculture
Authors: Shaytura Sergey , Shaytura Natalya , Knyazeva Marina , Teplaya Naila , Teodorovich Natalia
Published: November 2024

To maintain the agricultural resources of the Earth, it is necessary to use intelligent farming methods. Precision farming is one of the areas that allow to economically use the resources of the Earth. This article describes the original method of using the geoinformation service in precision agriculture. This strategy includes the following methods of geoinformation service: geoinformation mapping of fields, space monitoring, monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned driving, agricultural machinery that allows the implementation of point application of moisture and fertilizers. A geoinformation service is understood on the one hand to be a professional activity in providing services based on spatial information, and on the other hand, a set of hardware, technical and telecommunication means for providing spatially distributed information. The authors believe that the implementation of precision farming should be based on the creation, editing and use of an intelligent digital field model. The article describes the method of functioning of such a model.
Innovative developments: Complex feed concentrates – lizunts; carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral complexes; buffer premixes – deoxidizers
Authors: Ishmuratov Kh.G. , Mustafin I.G. , Shakirov Sh.K. , Shiriev V.M. , Garankov I.N.
Published: November 2024

Animal husbandry of the Republic of Bashkortostan occupies about 94% of the structure of gross agricultural output. The leading industry in the livestock industry of the republic is cattle breeding, which accounts for about 66% of the meat produced. Near the cities, cattle breeding is developing in the meat and dairy direction, in the mountainous and northeastern regions - meat and meat-dairy. The share of pork in the meat balance is about 17%, lamb is about 2%. Forage production is the foundation on which the production of livestock products is based. The main feed products are bulky (coarse and juicy) feed of own production, where the main consumers are ruminants. For a complete and balanced feeding, not only concentrated feeds are needed, but also feed additives that make up for the lack of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, prepared with local cheap, affordable raw materials. Such additives developed by the staff experimental station “Ufa” Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Scienc, include complex feed concentrates – lizunts, carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral complexes – salt blocks and buffer deoxidizers to reduce the acidity of the rumen of highly productive cows.
Environmental strategies to reduce air pollution and their potential impact on heart failure prevention
Authors: Magomedova Z.A. , Abumuslimov S.S. , Zakhkieva R.S.-A.
Published: November 2024

This research article explores different strategies to reduce air pollution and their potential impact on heart failure prevention. The article reviews current research regarding the effects of atmospheric pollution on cardiovascular health. The authors analyze the role of traffic emissions, industrial processes, and other sources of pollution in the development of heart failure and consider the effectiveness of various environmental strategies in reducing pollution levels. The potential public health benefits of implementing such strategies and possible ways to implement them are also discussed. This article aims to contribute to the development of effective interventions to protect the environment and reduce the risk of heart failure.
Digital strategies for managing agricultural lands in the region
Authors: Idigova Lalita , Chaplaev Huseyn , Markaryan Varvara
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the development of innovative digital strategies for land management in the region based on the assessment of the effectiveness of agricultural land management in agricultural organizations of the Chechen Republic. The relevance is that the influence of innovative, digital and engineering technologies in the realities of today are a factor in the intensive development of agriculture and are important for the sustainable development of rural areas and the ability to manage agricultural land. The issues of innovation based on digitalization of agricultural land management are currently still quite unexplored. The term “digital agriculture” is focused on improving rural areas and improving the quality of life in rural areas. These problems are still relevant today. The article describes the features, problems and opportunities of digitalization as a tool for the formation of innovative infrastructure in the agro- industrial complex of the Chechen Republic. The article provides an analysis of the essence of the digital development of the agricultural industry. Objective and subjective reasons hindering their development have been identified. The conducted research made it possible to formulate priority directions and strategic approaches to the formation of innovative infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex of the region.
Two-plasmon decay of microwaves in low temperature magnetized laboratory plasmas
Authors: Kølsen de Wit Johan , Senstius Mads Givskov , Pedersen Asbjørn Clod , Ragona Riccardo , Nielsen Stefan Kragh
Published: November 2024

Observations from magnetically confined fusion experiments have in the past decades revealed instances of two-plasmon decay instabilities (TPDIs) between injected 2nd harmonic X-mode waves and trapped upper hybrid (UH) waves near half frequency of the injected wave. We present and compare growth rates of TPDIs computed from reduced analytical models and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations in low-temperature plasmas, emulating conditions found in more accessible controllable laboratory devices. The growth rates obtained from simulations agree with our modeling, confirming that we can model TPDIs using both analytical models and PIC simulations in low-temperature plasmas. Furthermore, the growth rates are on the order of 0.01 ns−1 to 0.1 ns−1 for injected waves with intensity of 103 W/cm2, which indicates that we can expect to see signals of TPDIs in controllable laboratory plasma devices.
Appearance and analysis of a reflecting coating damage
Authors: Schubert Martin , Elgeti Stefan , Hunger Katja , Grigore Eduard , Ruset Cristian , Neu Rudolf , Stober Jörg , Vorbrugg Stefan , Zammuto Irene ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: November 2024

Eight reflecting gratings are installed into the plasma facing wall of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in order to provide a controlled second pass through the plasma centre in 140 GHz heating scenarios with reduced single pass absorption. Four of these gratings are machined out of W1.4901 steel and coated with tungsten to increase the reflectivity. During plasma operation three of them worked very well, only one showed a strong correlation between the launcher On-time and an unusual increase in plasma radiation. After completion of the 2022 experimental campaign, this tile was carefully inspected. Traces of local melting were visible and the tile was examined with a scanning electron microscope to determine the surface material composition. The image of backscattered electrons revealed that tungsten is missing locally and along some of the ridges of the complex topology of this grating. Within these areas, the steel surface started to melt, which is in accordance with the assumption, that an intact tungsten coating indeed prevents the steel from melting. The damaged tile is currently being replaced and we have implemented two measures in order to prevent such damage on the new tile. The first measure is to consequently finish all machining steps before the coating procedure. This is because a mechanical damage of the coating before the installation could not be ruled out. The second measure is to control and minimize the surface roughness after machining and before the coating procedure. It turned out that the roughness was up to 3 microns in the past, which seems to be too high for the desired quality of this particular coating. We have tested and developed an electropolishing procedure to decrease the surface roughness to the order of 1 micron and keep the grating topology as precise as possible.
KSTAR ECH System Development Progress
Authors: Joung Mi , Wang Sonjong , Kim Sunggug , Han Jongwon , Rhee Inhyuk , Kwak Jonggu
Published: November 2024

The KSTAR ECH system has been upgraded to ensure steady-state advanced operation of KSTAR. The planned ECHs include a total of six 1 MW, 300 s ECH systems, of which four 105/140 GHz dual frequency systems have been commissioned and are being used in KSTAR experiments. Additionally, a 170 GHz Russian gyrotron has been commissioned and is ready for injection. The final unit, a multifrequency gyrotron similar to Japan’s ITER gyrotron, is scheduled for installation and operation in early 2025. To achieve the KSTAR mission of high-performance long-pulse operation using a plasma operation scenario with a high poloidal beta, ECH requires stable and long pulses, which typically results in the reduction of ECH power during campaigns. Consequently, one ECH unit with power ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 MW was utilized in the KSTAR experiments. The ECH power and launching angle can be controlled by the Plasma Control System (PCS) which maximizes the ECH effect at startup and at the flat top of the discharge. This paper describes the development status of the KSTAR ECH system and reports the longpulse operation results of the ECH system for a dummy load and KSTAR.
Spatial patterns of benthic diatom community structure in the largest northwestern river of Cambodia (Sangker River)
Authors: Chrea Socheat , Chea Ratha , Tudesque Loïc
Published: November 2024

To date, very little is known about the relative importance of physicochemical factors structuring the benthic diatom community in the flood-pulse tropical ecosystems. This paper aims to investigate the spatial distribution of the benthic diatom community in a poorly studied river catchment of the Tonle Sap Basin in Cambodia. Diatom samples were collected at nineteen (19) monitoring sites from 2018 to 2023 along the Sangker River, and the hierarchical clustering technique was applied to characterize the variation in diatom community structure based on the similarity of diatom genera composition. Seventy-eight (78) diatom genera belonging to 36 families, 18 orders, and 5 classes of diatom flora were recorded.GomphonemaEhrenberg,NitzschiaHassall, and NaviculaBory were the most dominant diatom genera in the catchment area. Accordingly, three main diatom assemblages (Ia, Ib, and II) were classified, and 11 indicator genera were identified. Indeed, the identified assemblages reflect the change of diatiom community composition from the upstream assemblage (Ia), middle course (Ib), and floodplain assemblage (II). Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were the physico-chemical determinants of benthic diatom communities, while physical factors (DO, pH, and nutrients) seemed to be more important than chemical factors. Consequently, any disturbances to the physical condition of the river would drive an abrupt shift in the diatom community’s diversity and structure. These findings pave an essential step towards the establishment of sustainable biomonitoring programs in developing countries such as Cambodia to protect aquatic ecosystems from global change.
Anorexia Somato-Encephalica
Authors: Golder Werner Albert
Published: November 2024

Die Anorexie war den Ärzten der Antike sowohl als Symptom als auch als eigenständige Erkrankung geläufig. Hippokrates sah in ihr noch ein ausschließlich somatisches Krankheitszeichen, das vor allem im Zusammenhang mit Dysenterie und Fieber beobachtet wurde. Rund 500 Jahre später hat Galen von Pergamon die Inappetenz und deren Ursachen und Folgen in 18 seiner Schriften zum Thema gemacht. Er betrachtete sie als potenziell multikausales Phänomen. Über Erkrankungen des Magens und der Leber und die Schwindsucht hinaus sah er auch in psychischen Störungen einen Grund für die Verweigerung der Nahrungsaufnahme. Das weibliche Geschlecht war dabei seiner Erfahrung nach viel häufiger betroffen als die Männer. In eindrucksvollen Kasuistiken schildert der Pergamener die dramatischen Symptome der Patientinnen und bezeichnet dabei die Kombination von Inappetenz und Amenorrhoe als charakteristisch für die mentale Variante der Anorexie.
Elektronische Befunddokumentation in der Sehbehindertenberatung mittels FIDUS-Software
Authors: Hornig Kerstin , Schiefer Ulrich , Ungewiss Judith
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Der zunehmende Einsatz elektronischer Befunddokumentationen macht auch vor dem Bereich der Sehbehindertenberatung nicht Halt. Ziel des hier beschriebenen Vorhabens war es, ein Formularsystem und eine elektronische Patientenakte für den „Low-Vision“-Bereich zu entwickeln, die gleichermaßen im augenärztlichen, orthoptischen und auch augenoptisch-optometrischen Umfeld sowie in der studentischen Lehre genutzt werden können.

Patienten und Methoden Auf der Basis der in ophthalmologischen Praxen und Kliniken etablierten Software FIDUS (FIDUS Arztservice Wente GmbH, Darmstadt/D) wurden digitale Eingabemasken für die Sehbehinderten-Sprechstunde entwickelt – mit der Maßgabe möglichst großer Übersichtlichkeit, hohem Bedienkomfort (einschl. „Auto-fill-in“-Funktionalität, Auswahlempfehlungen und Bestandsmanagement vorhandener Sehhilfen) bei zusätzlich größtmöglicher Zeitersparnis.

Ergebnisse Dieser Beitrag stellt die Umsetzung dieser Kriterien anhand der elektronischen FIDUS-Karteikarte und der Sehbehindertenberatungs-Dokumentation mit den entsprechenden elektronischen Formularen dar. Hierbei visualisiert die Karteikarte auf den ersten Blick die wichtigsten Daten/Befunde des Patienten. Das speziell für die Sehbehindertenberatung gestaltete Untersuchungsformular erlaubt es, die Hilfsmittelversorgung ausführlich und dennoch zeitsparend zu dokumentieren. Weitere Formulare ermöglichen den direkten Ausdruck von Verordnungsempfehlungen, Testberichten oder Bescheinigungen. Die Eingabemasken können – in gedruckter Form – auch für eine konventionelle, handschriftliche Erfassung derartiger Daten genutzt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Eine elektronische Dokumentation speziell für die Belange der ophthalmologisch-optischen Versorgung sehbehinderter Menschen, unter Berücksichtigung des lokalen Bestandsangebots, ist realisiert. Folgestudien sind erforderlich, um die untersucher-, patienten- und studierendenseitige Akzeptanz zu eruieren und die Software zu optimieren.
Strukturelle Hürden der Vergütung der kinderchirurgischen Behandlung
komplexer Fehlbildungen im Deutschen G-DRG System
Authors: Wilms Miriam , Schuster Horst , Krause Franz , Wolff Johannes , Boettcher Michael , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Jenetzky Ekkehart
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund  Komplexe Fehlbildungen erfordern eine ressourcenintensive
Versorgung. Vergütungsmuster der korrektiven Fehlbildungschirurgie wurden vor
dem Hintergrund der Versorgungslandschaft bisher nicht analysiert.

Methoden  Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten zu Korrekturoperationen von zehn
ausgewählten komplexen Fehlbildungen von 2020–2022 wurden analysiert. Nach dem
jährlichen Durchschnitt der Fallzahlen wurden Standorte in
Hochvolumenkrankenhäuser (HVK; mindestens 10 Fälle), Mittelvolumenkrankenhäuser
(MVK; mindestens 5 aber weniger als 10 Fälle), Niedrigvolumenkrankenhäuser (NVK;
mindestens 1 aber weniger als 5 Fälle) und in extreme
Niedrigvolumenkrankenhäuser (eNVK; mehr als 0 aber weniger als 1 Fall)
kategorisiert.

Ergebnisse  Von 2020–2022 wurden jährlich durchschnittlich 1429
Korrekturoperationen für die zehn komplexen Fehlbildungen in Deutschland an 158
Standorten erbracht. Der Case Mix Index (CMI) für diese Leistungen betrug 7,057.
Die Leistungserbringung war dezentral. Es gab vier HVK für anorektale
Malformation, drei HVK für Spina bifida, zwei HVK für kongenitale
Zwerchfellhernie und jeweils eines für Blasenekstrophie, Epispadie,
Gallengangsatresie und Morbus Hirschsprung. Es gab kein HVK für Gastrochisis,
Omphalozele oder Ösophagusatresie. 127 Standorte (80%) erreichten für keine der
Leistungen eine Mindestfallzahl von 5 Korrekturoperationen pro Jahr.

Fazit  Der CMI der korrektiven Fehlbildungschirurgie ist weit höher als
der CMI der allgemeinen „Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie“. Die Versorgungslandschaft
ist dezentral. Gelegenheitsversorgung stellt für Krankenhausstandorte ein
finanzielles Risiko dar.
ABC Family Gene Polymorphisms and Cognitive Functions Interact to
Influence Antidepressant Efficacy
Authors: Jin Meijiang , Ji Lei , Ran Maojia , Wang Zhujun , Bi Yan , Zhang Hang , Tao Yuanmei , Xu Hanmei , Zou Shoukang , Zhang Hong , Yu Tao , Yin Li
Published: November 2024

Introduction The importance of identifying relevant indicators of
antidepressant efficacy is highlighted by the low response rates to
antidepressant treatment for depression. The ABC gene family, encoding
ATP-dependent transport proteins facilitating the transport of psychotropic
drugs, has drawn attention. This study delved into the relationship between
antidepressant efficacy and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCB1 and
ABCB6 genes.

Methods A total of 549 depressed patients participated in the study, and
all completed a 6-week course of antidepressant treatment. Cognitive function
was assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Patients were categorized based on
post-treatment HAMD-17 scores (with HAMD≤7 indicating remission), and
comparisons were made between different groups in terms of allelic gene
frequencies and genotypes. Logistic regression was used to explore the
interaction between cognitive function and genotype on efficacy. Dual-luciferase
reporter assays were performed to compare the regulatory effects of rs1109866
allele variants on the ABCB6 promoter.

Results There were no notable differences in allelic gene frequencies and
genotypes between the remission and non-remission groups. Nonetheless, a
significant interaction was identified between the rs1109866 genotype and
language fluency-related indicators concerning efficacy (p=0.029) before
correction. The dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated markedly higher
fluorescence intensity of rs1109866-C compared to that of rs1109866-T
(p<0.001).

Discussion Relying solely on genetic polymorphisms of ABC family genes as
predictors of antidepressant treatment response may not be sufficient. However,
the interaction between the rs1109866 and cognition plays a pivotal role. The
potentially enhanced transcriptional activity of rs1109866-C might offer insight
into its impact on antidepressant efficacy.
Leaving the Patella Unresurfaced Does Not Increase the Risk of Short-Term Revision Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis from the American Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: García Vélez Dencel A. , Buddhiraju Anirudh , Kagan Ryland , Zaniletti Isabella , De Ayushmita , Khanuja Harpal S. , Pelt Christopher E. , Hegde Vishal
Published: November 2024

The benefit of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains uncertain, with conflicting evidence regarding associated revision rates and clinical outcomes. Although initial studies have reported higher revision rates associated with unresurfaced patellae, recent evidence questions the necessity of routine patellar resurfacing. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of revision following TKA performed with and without patellar resurfacing using data from the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR).

The AJRR was queried for all patients aged 65 years and older undergoing elective TKA between January 2012 and March 2020 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Cases were linked using supplemental Centers for Medicare and Medicaid data. Cases with hybrid fixation, highly constrained implants, and revision components were excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with a resurfaced patella and those without. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves and cause-specific Cox models were utilized to assess all-cause revision risk, adjusting for sex, age, femoral design (cruciate retaining vs. posterior stabilized), fixation type (cemented vs. cementless), and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Of the 390,304 TKAs with minimum 2-year follow-up in our cohort, 22,829 had no patellar resurfacing performed. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) revealed no significant difference in all-cause revision (HR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–1.13, p = 0.656), revision for mechanical loosening (HR = 1.61 [0.88, 2.93], p = 0.122), or revision for infection (HR = 1.02 [0.79, 1.33], p = 0.860) associated with patellar resurfacing status.

Our study found that patients with an unresurfaced patella do not face an increased short-term revision risk following TKA. These findings challenge the necessity of routine patellar resurfacing and underscore the importance of considering other factors, such as femoral design, patient comorbidities, and implant-related variables in revision risk stratification.
Services in Minoritized Autistic Adolescents and Adults Varying in Language Skills
Authors: Girolamo Teresa , Escobedo Alicia , Ghali Samantha , Greene-Pendelton Kyle , Campos Iván , Ram-Kiran Poornima
Published: November 2024

Racially and ethnically minoritized (minoritized) autistic individuals face intersectional disparities in service access in the transition to adulthood. Our understanding of disparities is limited by systematic exclusion from research and inadequate approaches to characterizing services. To address these gaps and effect advocacy, this study (1) examined services received, unmet service needs, and barriers in minoritized autistic adolescents and adults and (2) determined if language, NVIQ, and autism traits predict services when deployed as binary or continuous variables. Academic and community partners tailored community-based participatory research (CBPR) to a local context. Participants (N = 73, ages 13–30) completed a behavioral assessment protocol. Participants and caregivers provided information on services received, unmet service needs, and barriers to services. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression. Participants received multiple services yet had multiple unmet service needs and barriers. Effects of services differed by approach. Language impairment, but not language scores, predicted receiving more services. High levels of autism traits and autism trait scores predicted more unmet service needs. While the number of services and unmet service needs was similar to prior work, differences in individual service variables and effects support attention to heterogeneity. Findings support intersectional approaches to CBPR and autism research.
Cybercrime as an industry: examining the organisational structure of Chinese cybercrime
Authors: Luo Qiaoyu
Published: November 2024

In an age of advancing information technology, widespread internet access has facilitated a rise in profit-driven cybercrime. Empirical research has found that cybercrime is now highly industrialised. Cybercrime operations have evolved into an assembly of various malicious acts, some of which do not require advanced technical abilities. While extensive research on cybercrime has been conducted globally, there is a lack of detailed investigation into the cybercrime landscape in China, despite it being a vast economic entity with a significant number of cybercrime incidents. Drawing on interviews and secondary data from China collected between 2020 and 2022, this paper seeks to address this gap by offering a comprehensive examination of Chinese cybercrime. It explores the degree of industrialisation within Chinese cybercrime and discusses its impact on the work performed by Chinese cybercriminals. Echoing findings from previous studies on the industrialisation of cybercrime, the current study reveals an elaborate industry built around cyber fraud, populated by various market players working on diverse tasks to support the successful operation of cyber fraud. The research also uncovers the existence of cybercriminal firms that closely mimic the structural and operational approaches of legitimate companies. Similar to how the Industrial Revolution reshaped traditional manufacturing, the industrialisation of cybercrime has transformed it into an assembly line operation, where each cybercriminal carries out basic, tedious, and repetitive tasks on a daily basis.
Nonlinear plasma oscillations in Josephson tunnel junctions
Authors: Balkashin O. P. , Yanson I. K.
Published: November 2024

Singularities of the Josephson critical current in tunnel junctions made of tin and lead resulting from resonance excitation of plasma oscillations are investigated. Data are presented on the effect of the frequency of the external radiation, temperature, and strength of the de magnetic field on these singularities. The results agree excellently with calculations for a simple model. It is discovered that the threshold microwave power varies at different temperatures and magnetic field strengths, and this dependence is used to estimate the resonance Q. The effect of an interference current proportional to cos φ on this dependence is discussed.
Effects of electron-phonon interaction on conductance oscillations in a metal with linear chains of magnetically coupled orbits
Authors: Ginzburg VI. L.
Published: November 2024

The resonant behavior of the magnetoresistance has been examined for metals with small bands of carriers, in which interband magnetic breakdown produces linear chains of open orbits. It is found that the presence of peaks is due to the reduction in effectiveness of small-angle processes. A detailed study has been made of the case where the main cause of small-angle scattering is collisions with phonons. Expressions are derived for the conductivity, from which it follows that the resonant form of the oscillations becomes sinusoidal at very high fields.
Vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy of water adsorption on surfaces of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ)
Authors: Adhikari Narendra M. , Hou Binyang , Allen Heather C.
Published: November 2024

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is found in a wide range of applications, from solid-oxide fuel cells to medical devices and implants. A molecular-level understanding of the hydration of YSZ surfaces is essential for optimizing its performance and durability in these applications. Nevertheless, only a limited amount of literature is available about the surface hydration of YSZ single crystals. In this study, we employ surface-sensitive non-linear vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to investigate the hydration of YSZ(100), (110), and (111) single crystal substrates under ambient laboratory conditions. Three types of hydroxyl groups were identified at all three YSZ–D2O interfaces: (i) hydroxyls on the metal sites of Zr or Y resulting from the dissociative chemisorption of water, (ii) hydroxyls from proton adsorption to O sites formed from water dissociation, and (iii) hydroxyl groups as part of the physisorbed water at the interface.
Novel passive flow control method using leading-edge prism-shaped cylinder: Performance enhancement of vertical-axis wind turbines
Authors: Fatahian Esmaeel , Ismail Farzad , Ishak Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz , Chang Wei Shyang
Published: November 2024

Due to periodic dynamic stall at low tip speed ratios (TSRs), vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) experience notable performance challenges during rotation, which leads to fluctuations in torque and a decrease in energy capture. This research aims to boost the aerodynamic performance of Darrieus VAWTs by employing a leading-edge (LE) prism cylinder (PC) to enhance energy extraction. This novel small-scale device functions as a passive method for controlling flow separation, aiming to energize the boundary layer and adjust the pressure distribution on the blades. Its effectiveness depends on factors such as size, shape, and placement, necessitating careful optimization. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, combined with Taguchi optimization and analysis of variance, is conducted to determine the optimal design parameters for the LE PC tool. This 3D CFD method captures the full complexity of flow dynamics, including vortex structures and wake behavior, leading to more accurate wind turbine performance predictions than two-dimensional (2D) CFD models. The results highlight the crucial role of PC size (Factor A), which contributes nearly 85% to the total contribution factor, while the angle of PC influence is minimal. The optimized rotor demonstrates a 36% increase in maximum average power coefficient (CP) compared to an uncontrolled rotor at TSR = 1.5. However, the effectiveness of this control method diminishes at higher TSRs because the blades encounter angles of attack below the critical stall angle throughout the rotation cycle, naturally preventing flow separation and making the flow separation control method unnecessary. The PC installed on the optimized blade delays flow separation to 55% of the blade chord length, compared to 40% for the base blade. Consequently, the rotor operates efficiently, ensuring consistent, and reliable power generation without flow separation issues.
Impact of pusher and puller bacterial suspensions on enhanced convective drug delivery into porous tissue
Authors: Yaghoubian F. , Ghalichi F. , Niroomand-Oscuii H.
Published: November 2024

Modern medicine heavily relies on drug delivery systems to ensure targeted and effective administration of therapeutic agents. One such promising innovation is the development of self-propelled particles, inspired by motile cells like bacteria, for drug delivery purposes. These nano- and micro-motors have shown great potential in enhancing drug delivery effectiveness. Active fluids, containing self-propelled agents, have been shown to significantly improve transport properties by converting environmental or external energy into mechanical energy. Due to the aerotaxis and chemotaxis properties of bacteria, they are particularly useful in targeted drug delivery. In the present study, the impact of the band formation phenomenon on the probability of finding a particle with a specific orientation at a given time was investigated. This was achieved by coupling the equations describing bacterial density, Fokker–Planck, and Navier–Stokes. Furthermore, the comparison of drug distribution and penetration depth in porous tissue for bacterial suspensions containing pusher and puller bacteria was conducted by solving the mass transfer equation. The findings revealed that the presence of bacteria increases the penetration depth by a factor of 1.7 for the suspension containing puller bacteria, and 1.4 for the suspension containing pusher bacteria. The drug distribution in suspensions containing puller particles is more efficient due to the favorable flow direction. This study potentially has significant implications for targeted drug delivery and improving drug efficacy in porous tissues. The use of coupled complex equations provides a comprehensive approach to modeling the behavior of bacterial suspensions and their impact on drug distribution.