bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of epibiotic communities on the metal surfaces of shallow-water wrecks in the maltese islands
Authors: Galatolo Perla , Schembri Patrick J.
Published: February 2025

The epibiotic assemblages on three wrecks in Maltese waters were studied by taking photoquadrats on the metal hull of each wreck, and on nearby natural hard substrata for comparison. The taxon richness and cover area of the colonising organisms was quantified, and organisms were classified into functional groups based on structural features. Bare patches of hull surface were present on all wrecks and the epibiota occurred in a mosaic of assemblages. Taxon richness was higher on the hulls than on natural substrata. It is suggested that the wrecks have a disclimax community supported by disturbances, such as uneven sloughing of the corroding metal, resulting is a mosaic of patches at different stages of succession. The natural hard substrata showed a high proportion of tall arborescent forms compared to hulls, supporting the hypothesis of the impeded development of a climatic climax community on the wrecks. NMDS ordination showed that the three wrecks were distinguishable from each other based on the relative cover of the different functional groups.
Monitoring and assessment of the ecological status of coralligenous cliffs by a standardized protocol
Authors: Gennaro Paola , Piazzi Luigi , Cecchi Enrico , Morri Carla , Bianchi Carlo Nike , Montefalcone Monica
Published: February 2025

Coralligenous reefs are the main biogenic construction of the Mediterranean Sea and one of the most sensitive habitats for which European legislation requires monitoring and quality assessment plans. The heterogeneity of reefs however requires the use of standardized habitat-specific methods allowing comparability of data over wide scale. Coralligenous cliffs are the reef type most widespread in shallow waters and are monitored by several ecological indices based on different approaches. This contribution summarizes the results of multi-year studies carried out on wide spatial scale with the aim of comparing and integrating the different methods into a single standardized sampling and data collection protocol. Downstream of a literature review, the STAndaRdized coralligenous evaluation procedure (STAR) was proposed and tested on subregion scale under different human pressures. Results confirmed the validity of descriptors chosen and the effectiveness of the protocol in assessing the ecological quality of coralligenous cliffs. STAR represents the first methodological guidelines proposed for the evaluation of the ecological quality of coralligenous cliffs in the Mediterranean Sea
Agricultural terraced systems of the tuscan archipelago: typological analysis and recovery possibilities of dry stone walls
Authors: Armanasco Paolo , Conti Leonardo , Moretta Michele , Masoni Alberto , Camiciottoli Stefano , Palchetti Enrico
Published: February 2025

In the islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, dry-stone walls represent an extensive cultural heritage in state of generalized abandonment. Considering the multifunctionality recognized to surviving terraced systems needs to be safeguarded through surveys aimed at providing characterization and indications for possible recovery interventions. After a preliminary quantitative G.I.S. remote analysis, qualitative characterization of the realities deemed most significant was carried out by on-site surveys. 48 sample areas have been analyzed by studying parameters related to constructive, functional aspects and state of conservation. A variety of construction and management techniques has been found and it appears that there are strong differences in the state of conservation even between neighboring fields: on one side farmers and virtuous private individuals who maintain the terraces, on the other side, abandoned areas where the decay produces a fragmentation of the landscape continuity and originates sometimes non-negligible potential danger situations. Thus, technical indications are proposed for the restoration of degraded structures requiring priority interventions.
Coastal archaeological evidence in the Bay of Naples: vulnerability and issues for conservation and enhancement
Authors: Aveta Claudia
Published: February 2025

There is no region in Italy and, perhaps, in the world that presents such a wealth of archaeological evidence, even underwater, as Campania and, in particular, along the coasts of the Bay of Naples: a site that includes all the territories bordering the gulfs of Naples and Pozzuoli, including the islands of Procida, Ischia and Capri. It is precisely the extraordinariness of this richness that makes it a particularly complex case, bearing in mind that we are dealing with highly urbanised areas and, therefore, decidedly exposed to human action. This contribution attempts to outline the complex problems of the coastal archaeological areas, including underwater areas, in the Bay of Naples, starting from the definition of their consistency and varied typology and the phenomena of degradation that characterise them, to arrive at a definition of the risks to which they are exposed and to point out possible directions consistent with desirable urban regeneration processes: among these are the significant experiences of the submerged archaeological parks of Baia and Gaiola
Network Analysis of Marine Litter Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems
Authors: Compa Montserrat , Sureda Antoni
Published: February 2025

There is an increase in reporting of marine litter in coastal ecosystems globally, especially in recent years. A literature review was carried out to identify the primary impacts and effects its presence may have on coastal ecosystems worldwide. Various search combinations in the search engine SCOPUS were performed considering 'impacts', 'effects', 'marine litter', 'marine debris', and 'coastal', for a total of 939 studies. Studies considered were published from 1974 to 2024 and an important increase in publications was observed over the last decade, especially for scientific articles. Next, search terms for three categories of predefined impacts and effects were used to identify the main research directions and emerging areas of interest within coastal marine litter research. Overall, this study highlights the focus and trends of current marine litter research globally.
Wave transmission of Fixed Bottom-detached Breakwaters in Numerical Wave Flume
Authors: Liu Zihan , Esposito Andrea , Cappietti Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

This work presents preliminary numerical simulation results on wave interaction with a fixed Bottom-Detached Breakwater (BDB). The purpose of developing fixed BDB is to provide a safe offshore zone for human activities, such as energy production and docking of large vessels, even in extreme weather. The transmission coefficient (kt) is used to assess the protection performance of the BDB. A two-dimensional Numerical Wave Flume (NWF) was developed by using ANSYS Fluent, validated with existing data and then used for studying the interaction between extreme waves and the BDB. The role of BDB design parameters such as its width and draft, and wave height and wavelength on kt was investigated. The reliability of the results of kt was verified by previous experimental study. This study demonstrates the development of a reliable NWF for conducting parametric analysis of BDBs and is a kick-off study for further developing the numerical and experimental study of floating breakwaters.
Modeling of flow patterns and microbiological parameters for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows
Authors: Locuratolo Giuseppe , Armenio Elvira , Barbone Enrico , Giannuzzi Cosimo Gaspare , Porfido Antonietta , Ungaro Nicola
Published: February 2025

ARPA Puglia carried out a numerical study to simulate the evolution of the turbidity plume geometry and to describe the bacterial dispersion caused by the discharge of a mixture of raw sewage and surface runoff from the so called condotta Matteotti into the marine-coastal waterbody close to the urban beach (bathing area) called “Pane e Pomodoro”. The condotta Matteotti is an underground concrete pipe connected with a spillway to the main sewer system: it acts as an emergency weir to prevent flooding during or soon after intense rainfall events. During these rainfalls the seaward sluice gates open, and the untreated sewage is discharged into the sea thus decreasing the water quality. The simulation, according to a heavy rainfall and overflow event occurred in July 2018, was implemented using the DHI's Mike 3 suite enhanced with the ECOlab module, both organized as step-by-step processes. The validation of the final model was performed by comparing the microbiological concentration resulted from the model application with the on-field measurements and samples collected by ARPA Puglia during its ordinary water monitoring activities.
Reviews of the Pre-Critical Kant
Authors: Sgarbi Marco
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the reviews of Kant’s pre-critical philosophy before 1770, which involve minor works such as Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels, Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes and the Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen. These reviews involved authors who were protagonists of the philosophical debate of that time such as Johann Georg Hamman, Moses Mendelssohn, and Johann Gottfried Herder, and determined the way in which Kant developed his philosophical thought from an initial approach to natural science to more genuine metaphysical themes.
“A Related yet Foreign Element”. Schleiermacher Reviews Fichte’s The Destination of Man
Authors: Bondì Davide
Published: February 2025

This essay focuses on a review of Johann G. Fichte’s The Destination of Man, published by Friedrich D.E. Schleiermacher in the journal Athenæum in 1800. The author places the book within the context of the debates on the critical function of reviewing that took place between the Schlegel brothers and the Enlightenment writers of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung. Schleiermacher’s Notiz can indeed be seen as a genuine attempt at a mise en abîme: a review of the value of reviewing. Distancing himself from Fichte’s rationalistic approach, and in line with Heinrich Jacobi’s philosophy of religion, Schleiermacher rejects the universal concept of destination in favour of a morality based on the principle of existence (as openness and contact with the infinite). However, unlike the Schlegel brothers, he does not settle for a solipsistic and aestheticizing conception of man. Instead, he presents a theory that focuses on the progressive social formation of the original essence of the individual. The critical act of reviewing is a means of establishing formative relationships (bildende Beziehungen) with others.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Dongo Montoya Adrian Oscar , Saladini Ana Claudia , Silva Eliane Paganini da , Ferreira Rafael dos Reis , Fogaça Junior Orlando Mendes , Alves Sabrina Sacoman Campos
Published: February 2025

A Schème – Revista de Psicologia e Epistemologia Genéticas apresenta para a comunidade acadêmica filosófica mais uma edição, o Volume 16, Número 02 (2024). Agradecemos aos pesquisadores e pesquisadoras que compõem o Conselho Editorial e o Conselho Consultivo da Schème e também aos pareceristas ad hoc pela colaboração e disponibilidade para atender nossas solicitações de parecer. Agradecemos, por fim, aos autores pesquisadores por confiarem a submissão e publicação de suas pesquisas na Schème. Convidamos nossos leitores para apreciarem mais este número.
Principio de especialidad en la normativa penal
Authors: Guerra Pazos María Adelina
Published: February 2025

OBJETIVO: Analizar las condiciones teóricas y normativas que rigen la aplicación del principio de especialidad en el ámbito penal, con el fin de resolver conflictos normativos que surgen cuando figuras penales presentan concurrencia en situaciones concretas. MÉTODO: La metodología utilizada en esta investigación se basó en el método hipotético-deductivo. A partir de la hipótesis formulada, se analizaron los elementos teóricos y prácticos que subyacen en los conflictos normativos dentro del ámbito penal. Este enfoque permitió determinar si la hipótesis planteada, como afirmación inicial, puede ser validada y utilizada como base para resolver dichos conflictos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados más relevantes indican que, en casos de antinomias en el ámbito penal, el principio de especialidad prevalece sobre otras normas para resolver conflictos normativos, garantizando la coherencia del sistema jurídico y la seguridad jurídica en la toma de decisiones judiciales. CONCLUSIÓN: El principio de especialidad es esencial para resolver conflictos normativos en el ámbito penal, al prevalecer sobre normas generales cuando surge una antinomia. Esta metodología garantiza la coherencia del sistema jurídico y refuerza la seguridad jurídica, permitiendo decisiones judiciales más claras y justas. El sistema jurídico de Guatemala, al incorporar este principio, proporciona una estructura sólida para enfrentar las complejidades de las normas penales y asegurar la correcta aplicación de la ley.
Precision in Binding: An Insightful Review on Molecular Docking Techniques and their Applications
Authors: Deshmukh Harshada S. , Dhangude Vaishnavi M. , Bhosale, Tanvi A. , Patil Raksha V. , Bagwan Rukhsar R. , Ghule Rupali G. , Deshmukh Pranali A. Tate , Lamkane Rachana B. , Shivpuje Shivraj S.
Published: February 2025

The numerical modelling of structural compounds made up of two or more interacting molecules is known as molecular docking. Predicting the desired three-dimensional structure is the aim of molecular docking. Software for molecular docking is mostly utilised in drug development. Easy access to structural databases and molecules have become crucial mechanisms. Molecular docking is a potent computer technique that is essential for structural biology, drug development, and bio-molecular interaction research, giving a comprehensive understanding of its significance in contemporary scientific research. Predicting how a small molecule, frequently a possible drug, would interact with a target biomolecule, such as DNA or a protein, is known as molecular docking. In order to help find novel drug candidates, improve already-existing molecules, and comprehend the complex interactions between medications and receptors, this procedure looks at the ligand's energetic and spatial compatibility with the receptor's active site. Because it predicts how well two molecules will bind after docking and identifies the optimal places for molecules to occupy when linked together, molecular docking is a crucial step in the drug development process.
AI-Driven Anomaly Detection and Performance Optimization in Background Screening Systems
Authors: Mishra Sushil Ranjan , Nayak Smrutirekha
Published: February 2025

Background screening systems play a vital role in verifying credentials, ensuring compliance, and maintaining security across industries. However, conventional monitoring methods rely on manual oversight and rule-based anomaly detection, leading to inefficiencies such as system failures, high false positives, and slow incident resolution. This research proposes an AI-driven framework leveraging the Isolation Forest algorithm with dynamic contamination control, predictive failure analysis, and automated log analysis to enhance anomaly detection accuracy and optimize system performance. The study demonstrates substantial improvements, including an 80% reduction in system failures, a 75% decrease in resolution times, and a tenfold increase in system scalability. The integration of AI-based infrastructure scaling and compliance automation further strengthens the security and regulatory adherence of background screening systems. This work contributes to the growing field of applied machine learning by demonstrating the effectiveness of AI in optimizing critical business processes.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN AUDITOR SWITCHING TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY DENGAN SPESIALISASI INDUSTRI AUDITOR
Authors: Tunggal Stephanie Adelia , Lusmeida Herlina
Published: February 2025

The aims of this research are to analyze the factors that influence audit delay in companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017 periods. Samples obtained by using purposive sampling are 84 companies. The independent variables are company size, profitability, leverage, and auditor switching. The moderating variable is auditor specialization with audit delay as the independent variable. This research uses Multiple Regression Model and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS 25. The results of this research are size have negatively significant influence on audit delay, profitability have negatively significant influence on audit delay, leverage have positively significant influence on audit delay, auditor switching have positive but not significance influence on audit delay, auditor specialization have positive but not significant influence on audit delay, specialization auditor weaken the negative relationship of company size with audit delay, specialization auditor strengthens the negative relationship of profitability with audit delay, specialization auditor strengthens the positive relationship of leverage with audit delay, specialization auditor strengthens the positive relationship of auditor switching with audit delay,Keywords: audit delay, company size, profitability, auditor switching, and auditor specialization
Fault-Resilient Brent-Kung Adder Design Using Advanced Built-in Self-Test (BIST) Architecture
Authors: R Anjali , R Sorna Marium , M Sujithra , K Mariammal
Published: February 2025

In modern digital systems, ensuring both high performance and reliability is essential, especially in fault-sensitive environments. This research introduces the design and implementation of a fault-tolerant Brent-Kung adder, integrated with an advanced Built-In Self-Test (BIST) framework. The Brent-Kung adder, known for its efficient carry propagation and speed optimization, is augmented with BIST techniques to enhance its reliability and testability in digital systems. A Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is used to produce pseudo-random test patterns, while a Multiple Input Signature Register (MISR) compresses the adder’s output into a compact signature for fault detection. The design is carried out in Verilog and synthesized using Xilinx Vivado 2019.1 to evaluate performance metrics, including area utilization, speed, and fault coverage. By combining the Brent-Kung adder's high-speed characteristics with a robust BIST framework, the research achieves an effective balance between performance and fault detection. This approach provides a promising solution for applications that require both computational efficiency and increased reliability in fault-sensitive environments.
The Category of Time in Philosophy and Language: Human Characteristics in Images of Flora (Based on the German Language)
Authors: Smirnova T. А.
Published: February 2025

The article examines how the philosophical understanding of the category of time can be realised in language, namely,
what characteristics of time identified by philosophers and how are represented in language when designating various elements of
the anthroposphere with verbalised images of flora.
Research Work as a Factor in Improving the Professional Training of Future History Teachers in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Doletskaya S. V.
Published: February 2025

The article determines the role and significance of research work in the professional training of future history teachers.
The stages of organising students’ research activities at the university are specified. The possibility of influencing research work
on the quality of methodological training of future teachers and its content is revealed. Using the example of a specific university,
the practical application of the results of students’ research activities is considered.
Implementation of the Technology of Meaningful Reading in Teaching Social and Humanitarian Subjects at School
Authors: Khoroshenkova A. V.
Published: February 2025

The article, continuing the author’s publications on the methodology of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines,
examines the current problem of modern school education related to the formation of functional literacy of students —
the implementation of the technology of meaningful reading in teaching history and social science. Mastery of meaningful reading
is a diagnosed result of targeted teaching of social and humanitarian subjects. The author considers various types of texts used
in teaching social and humanitarian subjects at school, emphasising the need for their comprehensive analysis. The levels of
organisation of cognitive work with texts of various types, methodological techniques used at each level to achieve subject and
meta-subject learning outcomes are analysed.
The Image of a Conflict Situation: Ontological and Epistemological Aspects
Authors: Ovchinnikova T. M.
Published: February 2025

The article considers the ontological and epistemological aspects of conflict interaction. Various approaches to
understanding the situation, defining the concept of “conflict situation”, the relationship between the concepts of “conflict situation”
and “conflict” are analysed. Interpretations of the image of a conflict situation in philosophy, sociology, psychology, conflictology,
as well as in the algebra of reflexive processes are described. The results of an experimental study are presented, which made it
possible to identify the structural components of the image of a conflict situation at the level of everyday knowledge. It is shown that
in everyday life, a person’s idea of a conflict situation is associated, first of all, with the destructive behaviour of subjects, aggressive
verbal and non-verbal reactions, negative outcomes of the situation. The structure of a conflict situation and its image is proposed.
A conclusion is made about the need to transform the images of a conflict situation that have developed among the parties to
the conflict for effective management.
Structural Models of Verbal Phraseological Units in Insular German Dialects
Authors: Goncharyuk N. L.
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of structural models of verb phraseological units with elements of
Russian and German culture in their composition. Since a characteristic feature of lexical and phraseological systems of the island
German colloquialisms of the Altai Territory is the fact that in this area the German language was isolated from the original language
group for a long time and was subjected to the comprehensive influence not only of the Russian language, but also of the Russianspeaking environment, this could not but affect the phraseological composition of these island colloquialisms. At the same time, one
can observe the preservation of the old cultural heritage, a partial change of this heritage under the influence of the Russian language
and the appearance of completely new phraseological units reflecting Russian realities that have no analogues in German culture.
Such expansion of the vocabulary of the island German dialects by means of the Russian language system proves the vitality of
these island dialects. Although the Russian language makes a significant contribution to the development of the island dialects, but
they are still a means of communication, continue to develop, enriched by foreign language vocabulary.
Figurative Symbolism of Stone and Its Possibilities in the Study of Special Vocabulary at School
Authors: Eliseeva E. P. , Sayun A. A.
Published: February 2025

The research is devoted to the study of specialized names of gemology in science and the school course of the Russian language. The terminological system in the sphere of names of precious stones is an interesting material for linguistic research.
Prototerms of gemology have a mythological character, are distinguished by their originality and the richest history of formation.
Semantic diversity, connotativeness generate genuine interest of students in terminological work. It is these aspects of studying
the vocabulary of gemology that the authors of this article pay attention to.
Integration of Operations Management and Marketing Strategies at Agoda: A Case Study
Authors: Gusniar Bella , Serenade Vincensia , Nono Yuprianingsi Fatmawati
Published: February 2025

This study delves into how Agoda, a prominent online travel platform, seamlessly integrates its operational and marketing strategies to thrive in the highly competitive travel industry. By analyzing Agoda's business model and strategic practices, the research uncovers how this synergy creates a significant competitive edge. Agoda's success is deeply rooted in its innovative use of technology, data analytics, and customer-focused approach. By harnessing data, Agoda personalizes recommendations and deals, enhancing customer satisfaction. The company also optimizes its operations through technology, boosting efficiency and cutting costs.Agoda's global expansion strategy is another key factor, as it adapts to local markets while maintaining a cohesive brand identity. This strategic harmony between operations and marketing allows Agoda to stay ahead in the rapidly changing global travel market. The findings of this research offer valuable lessons for other industry players, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decisions, tailored customer experiences, and a strong focus on customer needs. Agoda's journey provides an inspiring example of how integrating operations and marketing can lead to sustainable growth and competitiveness in a dynamic industry. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion about successful business strategies within the online travel sector, offering practical insights for companies aiming to enhance their market position.
Urban microclimate modeling for side-facade farming and agrivoltaic deployment in town estates
Authors: Goh Mille Ling Wei , Teo Marcus Rui Jie , Lim Wei Jun , Ang Barbara Ting Wei , Soh Chew Beng , Clementi Matteo , Dessi Val-entina
Published: February 2025

Singapore, a highly urbanized island city with limited land and agricultural space, faces significant challenges due to climate change and the urban heat island effect (UHIE). This study investigates the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating vertical farming (VF) on building facades and agrivoltaic (AV) systems on the rooftops of public housing (HDB) estates as sustainable solutions. To evaluate local microclimatic conditions, solar irradiance mapping was conducted using ClimateS-tudio across three HDB estates, representing both old and new buildings, to identify suitable facade surfaces for VF systems. The irradiance data were further analyzed using an energy balance equa-tion to assess surface temperatures, while additional parameters such as Daily Light Integral (DLI) and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) were incorporated to determine facade suitability for crop cultivation. The simulation results indicate that VF systems on HDB facades provide a sub-stantial cooling effect by reducing heat transfer into buildings through the replacement of conven-tional materials with vegetation. This effect contributes to lower internal temperatures and en-hances urban thermal comfort. Suitable crops were identified based on facade conditions: (i) green pepper, suitable for high-light environments; (ii) cabbage, ideal for mid-rise facades; and (iii) let-tuce, which thrives in shaded areas. Additionally, the study examined the design and feasibility of modular AV systems on HDB rooftops using Grasshopper and PVSyst simulation software. Various AV configurations were evaluated to optimize agricultural productivity and solar energy generation. Findings suggest that incorporating crops within AV systems not only supports food production but also enhances photovoltaic efficien-cy by mitigating panel temperatures. The combined implementation of VF and AV systems presents a promising strategy for reducing carbon emissions associated with vegetable transportation, con-tributing to urban sustainability goals. This research demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of deploying VF and AV systems on HDB buildings, supporting Singapore's objectives for food security, renewable energy, and climate resilience.
Evaluating materiality disclosure in sustainability reports: A study of North American construction and engineering firms
Authors: Pang Jason , Sanchez Andrea , Landsman Jonathan , Dunkerley Emilia , Kaur Harleen , Xu Joanna
Published: February 2025

This research evaluates the sustainability reporting practices of 10 leading North American con-struction and engineering firms, focusing on adherence to the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Standards for the Engineering and Construction Services sector. The analysis covers five material topics: Ecological Impacts, Product Quality & Safety, Employee Health & Safety, Prod-uct Design & Lifecycle Management, and Business Ethics. Results reveal significant gaps in report-ing, with most firms failing to meet full disclosure for SASB metrics. Ecological Impacts and Business Ethics are the weakest areas, with limited disclosures on environmental risks and anti-competitive practices. Employee Health & Safety shows moderate compliance, with few firms reporting key metrics like Total Recordable Incident Rates (TRIR). The study highlights the urgent need for en-hanced transparency, standardized reporting, and robust governance frameworks. Improving alignment with SASB standards will foster accountability, strengthen stakeholder trust, and ad-vance sustainability within the sector.
Feasibility and community acceptance of modular urban farming in Singapore: Design, prototyping, and pilot testing
Authors: Ang Barbara Ting Wei , Fong Yin Mei , Tan David , An Hui , Chien Szu-Cheng , Soh Chew Beng , Clementi Matteo , Dessi Valen-tina
Published: February 2025

Food security is a growing global challenge, intensified by urbanization and industrialization that encroach upon valuable agricultural land. In Singapore, a city-state with limited land and heavy reliance on food imports, ensuring nutritional self-sufficiency for its 5.9 million residents is an in-creasingly critical concern. This study investigates community attitudes toward the implementation of urban farming structures in residential areas and explores the feasibility of integrating space-saving farming solutions, such as urban, rooftop, and vertical farming, into Singapore’s urban land-scape. A survey conducted among local residents revealed a 73.4% positive outlook toward the concept of community urban farms, with respondents expressing strong support for the idea of localized food production. However, the survey also highlighted a significant gap in opportunities for residents to engage actively in the operation and maintenance of urban farms. Community in-volvement is a critical factor that influences the long-term sustainability and scalability of urban farming projects. These findings underscore the importance of developing strategies that foster and incentivize resident participation in these initiatives to enhance their success and viability. Based on the positive survey feedback, a modular urban farming unit was conceptualized and pro-totyped. With a focus on adaptable design and speed of installation, the designs focus on the inte-gration of agricultural spaces with minimal to zero modifications required for existing architectures. In particular, Housing Development Board (HDB) rooftops in Singapore, often have uneven terrain. To optimize environmental conditions for crop growth, advanced design tools such as Revit BIM for architectural modeling, IESVE for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to optimize air-flow, and BIM HVAC for assessing lighting conditions were utilized to study the environmental con-ditions critical to crop growth. Following the successful digital prototyping phase, a physical proto-type was constructed at SIT@Dover campus, in Singapore. Between March and August 2023, Kailan and Bok Choy were cultivated, averaging an annual yield of 25.6 kg/m². A second prototype, optimized for maximum yield per floor area, was installed at the Oasis Living Lab between Septem-ber 2023 and February 2024, achieving a yield of 130.2 kg/m² per year. These results demon-strate the feasibility and adaptability of modular urban farming systems in high-density environ-ments. With supportive policies and collaboration among stakeholders, the widespread adoption of such systems can be realized in the near future.
Color Inside the Lines: Achieving Pharmaceutical Deal Certainty when the Courts Keep Redrawing the IP Lines
Authors: Farrington James
Published: February 2025

In The Genome Defense, Jorge Contreras vividly describes the story of how gene patents were challenged in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics and the U.S. Supreme Court’s reversal of the USPTO’s long-standing practice of allowing patents on human genes. This Article examines how pharmaceutical companies navigate intellectual property challenges in the wake of the Myriad decision and other landmark cases that have redrawn the boundaries of patent-eligible subject matter. Drawing on the Author’s 35 years of experience in life science transactions, the Article analyzes three key strategies that pharmaceutical companies employ: (1) adapting their business and licensing models to work within new legal constraints, (2) finding creative ways to structure deals that achieve similar objectives through alternative means, and (3) developing approaches to mitigate unavoidable risks. Through examination of specific examples—including early biotechnology licensing deals, platform technology collaborations, and innovative licensing structures, the Article demonstrates how companies maintain deal certainty while operating within evolving legal frameworks. The Article concludes by arguing that maintaining freedom to operate for basic biological targets, while protecting truly innovative developments, best serves both scientific progress and patient interests.
True Law as Genre: Narrative Nonfiction and the Law
Authors: Contreras Jorge L.
Published: February 2025

The Genome Defense, which offers a book-length narrative nonfiction account of the civil litigation that led to the elimination of patents on human genes in the United States, is a member of a distinct literary subgenre that I term True Law. Like the older and better-known True Crime genre, True Law narratives blend the conventions of journalism and novelistic writing to describe complex legal disputes in a manner that is engaging and accessible to the general public. True Law accounts, which have increased in number and popularity since the publication of Jonathan Harr’s A Civil Action in 1995, serve multiple social functions including raising public awareness of legal issues, enhancing legal pedagogy, advocating policy positions, and inviting critical consideration of narrative voices, subjects, and privileges. This Essay invites scholars of law and literature to consider True Law works alongside other legal texts and include these works in the syllabi of law and literature classes.
Incentivizing Bad Behavior Through Copyright
Authors: Snow Ned
Published: February 2025

This Essay comes in response to the comments of Professors Margaret Chon, Cathay Smith, and David Taylor as part of the Texas A&M Journal of Property Law’s Symposium featuring a discussion on my book Intellectual Property and Immorality: Against Protecting Harmful Creations of the Mind. In this Essay, I argue that the law should refrain from copyrighting pornographic content. This conclusion is based on a factual assumption and a moral principle. The factual assumption is that pornographic content is harmful to society. The moral principle is that applying law to incentivize harmful conduct undermines the effectiveness of law. My argument, then, is that employing copyright law to incentivize the harmful outcomes that follow from creating and consuming pornographic content—even if to accomplish a social policy goal that seems praiseworthy—will undermine the effectiveness of law. To do so opens the door to using any and all laws in a way that is clearly immoral for a seemingly good purpose. In short, the end does not justify the means.
Intercultural communication and stereotypes in film
Authors:   ESP Teacher of the faculty of International Journalism, Uzbek State World Languages University, Uzbekistan, qizi Madaminova Umida Rustam
Published: February 2025

Intercultural communication serves as a vital lens through which the dynamics of globalization, cultural identity and social interaction can be understood and represented in the cinema. The evolution of cinema has increasingly reflected the complex fabric of our pluralistic societies, thus amplifying the interaction of various cultural narratives. As films reach the global public, they not just entertain; They lead the power to shape perceptions, challenge stereotypes and promote a deeper understanding of intercultural interactions. The representation of the interactions of the characters through various cultural origins within the film narratives highlights both the wealth and the complexities inherent to intercultural exchanges.
Karakteristik Fisik dan pH Silase Pueraria montana var. lobata dengan penambahan tebon jagung, ampas tahu dan akselerator
Authors: Ermawati Nina , Yanza Yulianri Rizki , Susilawati Iin , Saefulhadjar Deny , Setiawan Muhammad Ariana
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendorong pengaruh penambahan akselerator terhadap kualitas fisik dan kadar pH silase kudzu ( Pueraria montana var lobata ) dengan campuran bahan pakan berupa tebon jagung dan ampas tahu. Silase dibuat dengan tiga perlakuan P1 (100% kudzu + 2% EM4), P2 (50% kudzu + 50% tebon jagung + 2% EM4), dan P3 (50% kudzu + 50% ampas tahu + 2% EM4), menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi warna, tekstur, aroma, keberadaan jamur serta pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberikan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aroma, tekstur dan pH, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap warna dan keberadaan jamur. Silase P1 menujukkan pH terendah, aroma bau keasaman, serta tekstur yang lebih padat dibandingkan dengan P2 dan P3. Akselerator terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas fermentasi dan stabilitas fisik silase.
Perbandingan jus kundur (Benincasa hispida) dan penggunaan gelatin terhadap mutu kimia dan organoleptik (jelly drink)
Authors: Tirtasatya Farrell Ricardo , Sucahyo Bambang Sigit , Yuniati Yuyun
Published: February 2025

Kundur (Benincasa hispida) juice has health benefits and rich nutritional and medicinal properties, making it a potential ingredient for high-quality jelly drinks. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of kundur juice and gelatin using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: P1 (80% kundur juice, 0.5% gelatin), P2 (80%, 0.7%), P3 (100%, 0.5%), and P4 (100%, 0.7%), and three repetitions. Parameters observed included vitamin C content, crude fiber, viscosity, and organoleptic attributes (taste, texture, color). The results showed that the best formulation was P1, with the highest acceptance of taste (3.7067), texture (3.5733), and color (3.6400), although the levels of vitamin C (4.64) and crude fiber (2.48) were lower than P4. Formulation P1 was considered the most suitable.
Pengaruh variasi metode pengeringan terhadap karakteristik tepung ubi jalar ungu annealing
Authors: Firgianti Gina , Nurhadi Bambang , Sunyotodi Marleen
Published: February 2025

Annealing purple sweet potato flour is a type of purple sweet potato flour processed using the annealing starch modification technique. The production of purple sweet potato flour involves a drying process, where the drying method significantly influences the final quality of the annealing purple sweet potato flour. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal drying method for producing annealing purple sweet potato flour with an intense purple color and high anthocyanin content, there by enhancing its physical appearance. The research employed a descriptive method followed by a difference test (t-test). The results indicated that the best drying method was sun drying, which produced purple sweet potato flour with the following characteristics: moisture content of 8.65%, anthocyanin content of 10,899.2 ppm, color intensity values of L 42.42, a* 27.88, and b* -9.02, initial gelatinization temperature of 75.56°C, peak viscosity of 417.75 cP, breakdown viscosity of 20 cP, and setback viscosity of 150.25 cP. Sun drying effectively preserved the deep purple color of the flour, resulting in an attractive appearance.
Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases
Authors: Fromme Theo , Spiekermann Maximilian L , Lehmann Florian , Barcikowski Stephan , Seidensticker Thomas , Reichenberger Sven
Published: February 2025

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is an established preparation method of nanoparticles and catalysts, which additionally allows to chemically modify the nanomaterials in situ via chemical reactions of the nanoparticles with the molecules or solutes of the liquid. Particularly when organic solvents are used as liquids, photothermally induced C–C cleavage, addition or dehydrogenation reactions of the solvents, as well as (carbon) functionalization of the nanoparticles have been observed, which ultimately should affect their lipophilicity and, hence, colloidal stability in apolar or polar solvents. Two-phase liquid systems and the possibility to transfer the surfactant-free nanoparticles from one liquid phase into another remain practically unaddressed in literature. To tackle this knowledge gap, the present study investigates the phase preference of laser-generated noble metal (Au and Ag) and base metal (Cu, Fe, Al and Ti) nanoparticles within propylene carbonate/alcohol (PC/A) systems. Alcohols of increasing chain length (C6–C11) and hence decreasing polarity were chosen for this study. For each metal, LAL was performed at elevated temperatures (85 °C) where the PC/A mixture forms a single phase. Upon cooling, the phases separated and the amount of colloidal nanoparticles in the alcohol and propylene carbonate phase was analyzed for each metal system. The abundance of nanoparticles in PC or alcohol was found to correlate with the electrochemical reduction potential of the respective metal, where the noble metals were enriched within the more polar solvents. The polarity of the solvents (as function of the carbon chain length of the alcohol) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis.
The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Ethic, and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Local Government Office Employees
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Kuswandi Kuswandi , Rahayu Sri
Published: February 2025

Optimal performance can be achieved when every individual in the organization works effectively and efficiently. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, work ethic, and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes (Direktorat Jenderal Pajak/DJP) East Java II. The research sample consisted of 53 employees selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The partial test results show that leadership style does not significantly affect employee performance, whereas work ethic and job satisfaction have a positive and significant impact on employee performance. The simultaneous test results indicate that leadership style, work ethic, and job satisfaction collectively have a significant effect on employee performance. The coefficient of determination, at 71.1%, shows that leadership style, work ethic, and job satisfaction explain 71.1% of the variation in employee performance, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. This study concludes that work ethic and job satisfaction play a crucial role in improving employee performance at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) East Java II.
Análisis de Flujos Emergéticos en la Dinámica Territorial del Municipio de Santander de Quilichao – Cauca
Authors: Torres León Isabella , Cadena Durán Olga Lucia
Published: February 2025

Se evaluó la sostenibilidad ambiental del sistema de producción convencional de café en el municipio de Santander de Quilichao, se analizaron 4 subsistemas: a) producción agrícola, b) beneficio húmedo, c) transporte loca y d) postcosecha. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de información secundaria, se utilizó el método emergy para evaluar el desempeño ambiental de los sistemas de producción agropecuarios, pasando por la cuantificación y análisis de los principales flujos de recursos   naturales   y   económicos   y   el   cálculo   e   interpretación   de   indicadores   de sostenibilidad. La investigación arrojo como resultado que el uso total de emergía es de 3,56E+21 sej, donde el principal aporte se concentra en el uso de los recursos autóctonos. Adicional, sobre los indicadores emergéticos, se obtuvo una carga ambiental (ELR) de 22,07, una tasa de rendimiento emergético (EYR) de 1,05 y una sostenibilidad emergética (ESI) de 0,05. En conclusión, los  indicadores muestran que existe eficiencia energética en la producción pero que a largo plazo el impacto hacia los ecosistemas se hará evidente, puesto que, el actual sistema de producción causa impactos ambientales, por lo tanto, se requiere implementar sistemas de producción que sean sostenibles ambientalmente, donde se propicie el desarrollo de modelos de producción sostenibles en la siembra, el cultivo, la cosecha y la postcosecha, que a largo plazo contribuyan a la satisfacción continúa de las necesidades de los agricultores.
SÍNDROME PÓS-COVID-19: ANÁLISE DAS DEMANDAS DE SAÚDE E DO ACESSO AOS PROGRAMAS DE REABILITAÇÃO
Authors: Chomem Paula , Viana Anderson Procópio , Motter Arlete Ana
Published: February 2025

A Síndrome pós-covid-19, também chamada de covid longa, é descrita como o conjunto de sinais e sintomas que permanecem após a infecção aguda pelo SARS-CoV-2, comprometendo o estado físico-funcional do indivíduo (OMS, 2022). As modificações fisiológicas referidas por mais de 80% dos sobreviventes pós-covid, resultam nas limitações funcionais meses após o início dos sintomas iniciais, sendo que vários fatores podem influenciar o declínio da capacidade funcional do paciente após a infecção aguda (FROTA et al., 2021; BALDUINO DA SILVA et al., 2023). Um período de hospitalização prolongado ou de inatividade física também estão relacionados a diminuição da capacidade funcional junto das sequelas multissistêmicas, principalmente os relacionados aos sistemas cardiorrespiratório e musculoesquelético (BORZATTO et al., 2022). Embora a mobilização precoce seja recomendada aos pacientes graves ainda durante a fase hospitalar, durante a fase inicial da reabilitação o paciente apresenta rápida queda de saturação aos mínimos e moderados esforços, limitando o avanço das intervenções. Nestes casos, a continuidade da reabilitação no ambiente extra-hospitalar é fundamental para minimizar as sequelas e promover qualidade de vida e funcionalidade ao paciente recuperado da covid-19 (SANTANA et al., 2021). O encaminhamento precoce e a reabilitação com equipe multidisciplinar são indicados para os casos de persistência dos sintomas pós covid-19 também pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a qual elaborou o “Manejo clínico do Covid-19: Diretrizes da Vida” com uma série de orientações para a Reabilitação de adultos com condição pós-covid-19 (OMS, 2022).