bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female Power and Religious Change in the Medieval Near East
Authors: Simonsohn Uriel
Published: March 2023

This book engages with two levels of scholarly discussion that are all too often dealt with separately in modern scholarship, namely the Islamization of the Near East and the place of women in pre-modern Near Eastern societies. The book is premised on the assertion that these two lines of inquiry can, and should, be read in an integrative manner. Put differently, an adequate assessment of major historical themes, such as conversion to Islam, Islamization, religious violence, and the regulation of Muslim–non-Muslim ties must attend to the relatively hidden, yet highly meaningful, role of women. This book is not about the history of women in Islamic-dominated lands, but about the history of Islam from the perspective of female social agents. Women, it is argued here, irrespective of their religious affiliation, possessed crucial means for affecting, or hindering, religious changes, not only in the form of religious conversion, but also in the adoption of practices and the delineation of communal boundaries. A focus on the role and significance of female power in moments of religious change within family households offers a historical angle that is relatively absent from modern scholarship. Rather than locating signs of female autonomy or authority in the political, intellectual, religious, or economic spheres, the present endeavor is concerned with the capacity of women to affect religious communal affiliations thanks to their kinship ties.
Precarious Gatekeepers
Authors: Simonsohn Uriel
Published: March 2023

In Chapter 6 the question of women’s religious agency comes full circle as it explores the different means by which women were in a position to circumvent religious change. Rather than introducing external religious traditions into the family, or drawing others to convert, the women that feature in this chapter are seen as gatekeepers, or guardians, of communal boundaries. Their heroic perseverance in the face of actual or potential pressures to convert was bound to inspire other women under similar circumstances, as well as their own family members. We are therefore dealing not only with human agency but also with texts that introduce images of ideal conduct in moments of religious conflict. Once again, the normative thread that runs through narratives of diverse religious provenance is of a prioritization of God over family, even at the cost of reversing gender hierarchies. A particularly telling illustration can be found in the Maccabaean story of the mother and her seven sons. The heroic image of the mother, who was willing to sacrifice her sons and herself in order to evade idolatry, was achieved in defiance of a powerful male monarch, yet at the same time through her adoption of male qualities. Different versions of the story were adopted by Jewish, Christian, and Muslim writers, not only in the Near East but also in Europe, thus revealing a common investment in the empowerment of women under circumstances of competing religious attachments.
A Latin American Moment in Indian Fiction
Authors: Raveendran PP
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores the intermeshing of fantasy and the historical imagination in the cultural lives of India (especially of Kerala) and Latin America in order to comprehend the intricacies of the ideological worlds that straddle the literary minds of these two cultures. Through an analysis of the words and works of such well-known Latin American and Indian writers as Alejo Carpentier, Julio Cortazar, Jorge-Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Carlos Fuentes, C.V. Raman Pillai, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, Anand, M. Mukundan, and Sarah Joseph, who are fascinated by realism, surrealism, and magical realism at the same time, the chapter discovers a common breeding ground in the two cultures for the emergence of the shared perception that history ultimately is the fiction that the members of the two cultures live in real life.
O.V. Vijayan
Authors: Raveendran PP
Published: March 2023

This chapter discusses the bilingual fictionist O.V. Vijayan, whose novels and short stories are marked by their deep philosophical vision. It is this quality of his fictions as well as the linguistic innovations that accompanied their composition that makes him a legendary storyteller of our times. In spite of Vijayan’s life-long interest in such basic issues as individual freedom and the corruption of those in power, the chapter identifies two phases in Vijayan’s career as a fictionist, each articulating a separate world of experience. The first phase represents the attitude of a sceptic visionary who is fascinated by the materiality of language and allows writing to be governed by the culture’s dialogism and narrative pluralism. The second phase is marked by Vijayan’s metaphysical proclivities, which can be seen reflected in his philosophy of certitude and the guru principle that his novels and short stories articulated during this period.
Anthropocene Theater and the Shakespearean Stage
Authors: Steffen William H.
Published: March 2023

Part object study, part theater history, and part performance theory, this book locates in early modern English stage practices the origins of a theater of the Anthropocene. In addition to endorsing the unpredictability of performance and allowing both non-human players and unplanned accidents to enhance the meaning of a play in the context of early globalization, the Shakespearean stage also continues to offer modern audiences strategies for confronting a rapidly changing global environment. Anthropocene Theater and the Shakespearean Stage revises the anthropocentric narrative of early globalization from the perspective of the non-human world in order to demonstrate nature’s agency in determining ecological, economic, and colonial outcomes. It welcomes readers to reimagine theater history in broader terms, and to account for more non-human and atmospheric players (weather events) in the otherwise anthropocentric history of Shakespearean performance. This book analyzes plays, horticultural manuals, cosmetic recipes, Puritan polemics, and travel writing in order to demonstrate how the material practices of grafting, blackface performance, and pyrotechnics both catalyze and resist early forms of globalization in an ecological arena. Furthermore, this book addresses the role of an understudied ecological performance history in determining Shakespeare’s iconic cultural status, and models how non-human players have undermined Shakespeare’s authoritative role in colonial discourse. Finally, this book makes a celebratory argument for the humanities in the age of climate change, and invites interdisciplinary engagement from students and scholars who are compelled to find strategies for cultivating a hopeful tomorrow amidst unprecedented anthropogenic environmental changes.
Introduction
Authors: Steffen William H.
Published: March 2023

The early modern English stage was a unique ecological site for studying the interplay between human action and non-human agency. Shakespeare’s plays were first performed when the rearrangement of the earth’s biota was still inaugurating a period of anthropogenic environmental changes. This chapter presents early modern performance practices as the backbone of what the author terms a “theater of the Anthropocene,” characterized by an endorsement of accidental on-stage events (such as a storm interrupting a performance of The Tempest) that contribute to the overall meaning of a performance, especially within a context of early globalization or anthropogenic climate change. Furthermore, early modern performance practices offered strategies for confronting unprecedented environmental catastrophes that can prove useful to modern audiences. This chapter also introduces the need for ecocritical studies of Shakespeare to approach his plays and the history of Shakespearean performances anachronistically, using timescales of greater breadth and depth.
Monkeys, Floods, and the “Immortal William”
Authors: Steffen William H.
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces readers to the performance conditions that a number of touring players encountered when they performed Shakespeare throughout the British colonies. The status and iconicity that Shakespeare enjoys today owes itself in part to the ecological and environmental hazards that actors and actresses were willing to endure in order to wave the flag of Shakespeare in every corner of the globe. This chapter offers a survey of the various ecological hazards that allowed touring performers like Daniel Bandmann, Allan Wilkie, Geoffrey Kendal, George Crichton Miln, Genevieve Ward, Matheson Lang, Frank Benson, and W. E. Holloway to perform Shakespeare in the British colonies, and thus to fulfill the “civilizing mission” of British cultural imperialism. When compiled together, this theater history also places Shakespeare at the center of a theater of the Anthropocene, where accidents abound, and where human intentions are often productively undermined by unforeseen natural players.
Stolen Thunder
Authors: Steffen William H.
Published: March 2023

This chapter focuses on atmospheric agency in Shakespearean performance. Through analyzing specific instances of Shakespearean theater history where weather events have coincided with dramatic performances in colonial settings, this chapter argues that the stage can provide a helpful tool for determining the implications of human agency in the age of anthropogenic climate change. It provides two examples of site-specific Shakespearean weather events in order to demonstrate how an ecological analysis of Shakespearean performance can attend to a more provincial geologic agency. One occurred during a production of The Tempest in the segregated colonial setting of Hamilton, Bermuda in 1950; another occurred at an 1892 production of Romeo and Juliet in Cape Town, South Africa, which coincided with a gold rush in the Witwatersrand basin. In both instances, the uncontrollable weather risks undermined the human intention of promoting Shakespeare’s cultural authority for his colonial audiences.
Shakespeare and University Drama in Early Modern England
Authors: Blank Daniel
Published: March 2023

Dramatic performances at the universities in early modern England have usually been regarded as insular events, completely removed from the plays of the London stage. Shakespeare and University Drama in Early Modern England challenges that long-held notion, illuminating how an apparently secluded theatrical culture became a major source of inspiration for Shakespeare and his contemporaries. While many university plays featured classical themes, others reflected upon the academic environments in which they were produced, allowing a window into the universities themselves. This window proved especially fruitful for Shakespeare, who, as this book reveals, had a sustained fascination with the universities and their inhabitants. Shakespeare and University Drama in Early Modern England offers groundbreaking new readings of plays from throughout Shakespeare’s career, illustrating how their depictions of academic culture were shaped by university plays. Shakespeare was not unique, however. This book also discusses the impact of university drama on professional plays by Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, and Ben Jonson, all of whom in various ways facilitated the connection between the university stage and the London commercial stage. Yet this connection, perhaps counterintuitively, is most significant in the works of a playwright who had no formal attachment to Oxford or Cambridge. Shakespeare, this study shows, was at the center of a rich exchange between two seemingly disparate theatrical worlds.
The Scholar’s Prejudice in Hamlet
Authors: Blank Daniel
Published: March 2023

The Danish court in Hamlet is curiously filled with students: Hamlet himself is currently studying at Wittenberg, Horatio is a “fellow student,” and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are his “two schoolfellows.” These characters reflect Shakespeare’s growing fascination with university culture, and this chapter discusses the connections between Hamlet and several contemporary academic plays: William Gager’s Hippolytus, which was performed at Oxford in 1592 and sparked controversy over university drama, as well as the Parnassus trilogy. Hippolytus and the Parnassus trilogy provided Shakespeare with a window into university culture, and much like these plays that inspired him, in Hamlet he gives his audience a bleak portrait of the university, and an even bleaker portrait of its students and scholars. The chapter focuses mainly on two types of institutional prejudice—misogyny and antitheatricalism—which manifest themselves in Hamlet’s interactions with Ophelia and his earliest contact with the Players in Act II Scene 2. When viewed in light of its connections to university drama, Hamlet emerges as a play that explores the link between these prejudices that Hamlet learned at university and has brought home with him to Elsinore.
Conclusion
Authors: Blank Daniel
Published: March 2023

The Conclusion begins with a 1610 visit by the King’s Men to Oxford, where they performed two plays: Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist and Shakespeare’s Othello. The record of these performances in a letter by the academic clergyman Henry Jackson offers rich insight into the connection between the university and the commercial theater. The Conclusion then turns to Shakespeare’s final play, The Two Noble Kinsmen, which was written with John Fletcher and based on Chaucer’s The Knight’s Tale. The possibility is suggested of a connection between this play and Richard Edwards’ Palamon and Arcite, performed before Queen Elizabeth at Oxford on an important occasion in 1566. In addition to the points of correspondence between these plays, The Two Noble Kinsmen references the story of Meleager, which, as discussed in an earlier chapter, formed the basis for an influential university play by William Gager. These parallels illustrate the extent of the relationship between the university stage and the Shakespearean stage. The Conclusion ends with a brief discussion of the modern university and Shakespeare’s place within it.
Devotional Experience and Erotic Knowledge in the Literary Culture of the English Reformation
Authors: Hokama Rhema
Published: March 2023

This book explores the ways in which Calvinist experientialism functioned as both theology and epistemology in the poetry of five early modern English poets: William Shakespeare, Robert Herrick, John Donne, Fulke Greville, and John Milton. In both official church ecclesiology and informal devotional practice, the Reformation introduced the idea that an individual’s experience of devotion did not only entail feeling, but also thought. For early modern English people, bodily experience offered a means of corroborating and verifying devotional truth, making the invisible visible and knowable. I maintain that these religious developments gave early modern thinkers and poets a new epistemological framework for imagining and interpreting devotional intention and access. These Reformed models for devotion not only shaped how people experienced their encounters with God; the changing religious landscape of post-Reformation England also held profound implications for how English poets described sexual longing and access to earthly beloveds in the literary production of the period. In placing the works of English poets in conversation with devotional writers such as William Perkins, Samuel Hieron, Joseph Hall, and William Gouge, I demonstrate how the English Calvinist tradition attributed epistemological potential to a wide range of ordinary experience, including sexual experience.
Brexit, Populism and Business
Authors: Feldmann Magnus , Morgan Glenn
Published: March 2023

Brexit has become emblematic of the rise of populism across much of the world in recent years. Although Brexit was widely perceived to run counter to dominant business interests, business played a surprisingly limited role during the referendum campaign (Feldmann and Morgan, 2021). This chapter draws on our research extending Hirschman’s (1970) framework of exit, voice, and loyalty (see Chapter 1) to analyse the strategies adopted by business associations and individual businesses in response to the Brexit process during and after the referendum. We consider a range of factors, including the nature of the Brexit process itself, notably its noisiness (Culpepper, 2011) and the high level of uncertainty associated with it, and also economic interests, such as strategic considerations related to sectoral characteristics, collective representation, and non-economic motivations. By drawing on our analysis of the business responses to Brexit, we also reflect on the broader implications of these developments for understanding business influence in the British political economy.
The Algorithmic Enlightenment
Authors: Shank J. B.
Published: March 2023

After tracing the seventeenth-century emergence of the algorithm as a general term for the new instrumental approach to quantitative mathematical reasoning and practice—aka analysis—in the eighteenth century, this chapter then looks at the modernity-making event of Enlightenment science as a result of the establishment within the natural sciences, especially physics, of algorithmic mathematics via analysis as a dominant methodological paradigm. This is one meaning of the “Algorithmic Enlightenment,” namely the establishment and authorization of this particular approach to natural science during the eighteenth century. But in the second part of the chapter, a second meaning of Algorithmic Enlightenment is developed, rooted not in the new quantitative analytical natural sciences of the eighteenth century per se, but in the general acceptance and deployment of universally conceived instrumental and mathematical rule-bound approaches to theorization and problem solving in many domains during the same period. Enlightenment political economy is used as a case study of this aspect of the Algorithmic Enlightenment, along with other projects in universal human and social science characteristic of the period. Both aspects, the article argues, and especially their entanglement, are crucial to understanding how the Enlightenment shaped the place of the algorithm and algorithmic thinking in our contemporaneity.
“For Your Gay Brothers and Your Gay Sisters in Jail”
Authors: Beard Lisa
Published: March 2023

Chapter 1 reads trans liberation activist Sylvia Rivera’s speech at the 1973 Christopher Street Liberation Day rally (a predecessor to today’s Pride parades) in relationship to a broader archive of her political organizing work in order to explore her account of how people are connected to each other through constellations of mutuality, debt, kinship, and shared freedom. The chapter examines Rivera’s multivalent identificatory appeals as countercalls issued horizontally and vertically, claiming and defending genealogies of transformative multi-issue liberation struggles within a broader contest over what gay forms of identification would come to mean politically. The chapter explores the relationship between practices of identification and disidentification and the role of the prophetic in struggles over identification. Finally, following Rivera’s political testimony, the chapter asks how access to participating in identificatory struggles is policed and how the costs and dangers are differently distributed among participants in these struggles.
“Flesh of Their Flesh, Bone of Their Bone”
Authors: Beard Lisa
Published: March 2023

This chapter identifies a concept of boundness in James Baldwin’s work and asks how it offers an alternative and embodied way to theorize racial identity, racialized violence, and interracial solidarity. The chapter traces how, in contrast to Black nationalist and integrationist accounts of racial domination, and as an intervention into white liberal forms of political identity, Baldwin demanded a reckoning with the enfleshed and intimate history of the production of race in the U.S. as the foundation for transformed forms of political identification. Baldwin’s invocation of a Black–white kinship narrative extended a longer lineage of appeals from Maria Stewart to Ida B. Wells and worked as a specific political and theoretical intervention into dominant racial discourses in his time. Finally, the chapter explores how Baldwin’s attention to the body in his theorization of race offers critical resources for anti-racist work today.
Introducing Philip V
Authors: Worthington Ian
Published: March 2023

This chapter discusses Philip’s birth and the controversy associated with the name of his mother. It also describes what he looked like, his upbringing and likely Greek education, his religion, and his influences, especially Philip II. The rest of the chapter surveys the reigns and exploits of kings from Philip II to Antigonus III Doson as background to Philip V assuming the throne in 221, and his early relations with Aratus of the Achaean League.
Reaping the Whirlwind
Authors: Trubowitz Peter
Published: March 2023

For much of the past seventy-five years, mainstream political parties were the bedrock of the Western liberal international order. As the vital center, they were a bulwark against political extremism from the political left and political right and the building blocks upon which the West’s shared commitment to the liberal order rested. In this chapter, we show that this is no longer true and consider its international implications. We show that, since the 1990s, the more mainstream parties promoted economic integration and multilateral governance the more fragmented Western party systems became. Parties running on anti-globalist platforms, especially on the far right, steadily increased their share of the national vote in Western democracies, putting mainstream parties on the political defensive. Meanwhile, the splintering of political authority in Western democracies has made them less effective and credible as models of good governance internationally. One consequence we show is that international efforts to deepen the liberal order through institutionalized cooperation have slowed significantly.
Where Do Fears Come From?
Authors: Harbin Ami
Published: March 2023

Chapter 1 asks, how do we come to fear the things we do? It begins with a picture of fear acquisition that often underlies our actions in response to our own fears and those of others. The picture makes it look like the fears we have are typically straightforward responses to interactions individuals have with threats in the world. The chapter identifies this picture in order to understand two key presumptions it involves and how they shape action. It then interrogates both presumptions, drawing on the risk perception literature to establish why the perceptions of threat may or may not reflect actual threats in the world, and also reviewing the literature on fear acquisition in developmental psychology to establish the foundation for a relational reorientation in understanding how we acquire the fears we do.
Compelling Fears
Authors: Harbin Ami
Published: March 2023

Chapter 3 asks why do we fear nonstatistical threats? It surveys “culture of fear” accounts that make the case for the role of politically motivated manipulation in generating fears of nonstatistical threats: political and corporate agents manipulate populations toward having fears that will serve political or economic goals. While these accounts offer valuable insights, they insufficiently consider what makes fearers prone to such manipulation. The chapter contends that, in some cases, people displace fears of greater threats (e.g., of suffering, death, loss, failure, and unpredictability) onto more manageable proxy threats (e.g., migrants) when the fears of great threats are too difficult to cope with. It concludes that processes of coming to fear proxy threats are more relational than psychoanalytic accounts of displacement suggest. Fears of proxy threats are relationally acquired, experienced, expressed, and interpreted. We should understand fears of great threats as ones agents compel: together, we push these fears away.
Controlling Threats
Authors: Harbin Ami
Published: March 2023

Chapter 4 offers an account of what too often happens to the nonstatistical threats that come to serve as proxies. Drawing on examples of actions taken against perceived threats (e.g., imprisonment, policing, vaccine hesitancy, anti-migration policies, and colonialism), it outlines five controlling strategies that fearers often employ against proxy threats: removal, escape, destruction, assimilation, and overpowering. The chapter contends that the five kinds of controlling strategies outlined are morally unacceptable when used against perceived but not actual threats. Evaluating the moral status of the use of controlling strategies against actual threats is complicated. Great threats cannot be controlled, and attempts to do so regularly result in the morally unacceptable cases of controlling proxy nonstatistical threats. In cases where other actual threats can be controlled, we must employ a fine-grained analysis of whether controlling strategies are the only or morally acceptable responses.
Boundaries of Viscerality
Authors: Wheeler Sara Louise
Published: March 2023

The Alien films form an interesting corpus for transdisciplinary scholarship. Their incorporation of science fiction motifs places them within the author’s favorite genre. However, they also depict gratuitous viscerality and viscosity, more readily associated with horror. Aesthetically, therefore, the author has always found these films instinctively repugnant and have a strong aversion to them. However, the films have enjoyed enduring popularity, and intense fandom of the evolving franchise is evident. This seems, therefore, to be a rich territory for considering the continuum of human reactions to viscera. The author has thus undertaken an introspective consideration of my responses to a variety of stimuli, within my quotidian milieu and in film, to try to make sense of my fear and disgust within the context of wider audience appreciation. Kristeva’s “abjection” provides a useful lens for viewing these subjectivities. My analysis brings new insights into the evolving role of popular culture within the modern psyche.
The Unescapable Labyrinth
Authors: Sloane Kenneth
Published: March 2023

Alien3 (1992) remains the most controversial movie in the Alien franchise. The product of a notoriously troubled production that saw a series of writers and directors join and ultimately abandon the project, it was initially coldly received by critics and audiences alike and sullenly disowned by its director. For many fans it remains the juncture at which the franchise took a fatal misstep. This chapter outlines how Alien3’s difficulties ultimately lay in unresolved contradictions at the archetypal level. Employing Jungian archetypes as means of analysis the chapter describes how, while a close adherence to the “Overcoming the Monster” archetype was important to the success of the Alien (1979), its sequel, Aliens (1986), expanded on that primal foundation to incorporate new archetypal plot structures, specifically aspects of the “Rebirth” archetype, which allowed it to resonate powerfully with audiences. The chapter concludes that Alien3, possessed by a desire for a return to the essence of the original film, was coldly received due to its failure to expand and incorporate new archetypal plot structures in the manner its immediate predecessor had done so successfully.
Making the Mother
Authors: Rose Jonathan A. , Zitzelsberger Florian
Published: March 2023

Building on the long-standing feminist tradition in Alien scholarship, this chapter examines the representations of motherhood in the latest additions to the Alien film series—Prometheus (2012) and Alien: Covenant (2017)—in connection with Alien3 (1992) and Alien: Resurrection (1997). This juxtaposition between sequels and prequels allows us to take into account the temporal implications of serialization on representation. Our consideration of motherhood across the series hence acknowledges the complexities of (multiple) origins in serialized narratives. We explore how motherhood is rendered the site of gender negotiation in the Alien series and argue that the mechanics of serialization at play—with the film pairs themselves constituting sequels while the first pair also functions as a prequel in the overall trajectory of the series—are used to retroactively infuse the original series with female agency. By focusing on procreation and creation as the films’ central discursive paradigms, we show that mothers in the Alien series are as much creators of alien lifeforms as they are creations of an abusive system based on asymmetrically expressed gender and power relations.
Introduction
Authors: Nemhauser Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Chapters included in the Introduction include: 1. Disease Patterns in Travelers 2. Perspectives: Why Guidelines Differ 3. Maps & Travel Medicine 4. Improving the Quality of Travel Medicine Through Education & Training Disease patterns among international travelers, epidemiology, travel medicine; evolution of CDC Yellow Book maps; suggested education & training for travel medicine professionals
Travelers with Additional Considerations
Authors: Nemhauser Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Chapters included in this section include: 1. Immunocompromised Travelers 2. Travelers with Disabilities 3. Travelers with Chronic Illnesses 4. Highly Allergic Travelers 5. Substance Use & Substance Use Disorders
Meeting the Challenge
Authors: Hargittai Magdolna
Published: March 2023

Women have shown excellence in science and mathematics over the centuries despite the persisting societal attitude that “science is not for women.” With seminal discoveries, some awarded Nobel Prizes, as well as special achievements of a great variety, women have demonstrated their talent and ability and their aptitude for hard work. Outstanding examples in mathematics and computer science, in recognizing the laws of nature, in genome engineering, in the understanding of how our organism works, and in the quest to protect our health against deadly viruses are manifestations of women’s contributions. The road to success, often more bumpy than that of their male counterparts, is presented for over 120 women: astronomers, mathematicians, physicists, crystallographers, chemists, biochemists, biologists, medical professionals, inventors and technologists, and ecologists. Compelling human stories about their lives and careers inform and entertain. Accounts of all science Nobel laureate women, others of discoveries of similar significance, and many more with special achievements make this a fascinating read and will enhance science awareness for all interested readers, women and men alike, helping some make career choices.
Symptoms and Scales
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

The chapter focuses on the many nuances of depersonalization/derealization (dpdr) experiences, and on how to measure dpdr symptoms. The meanings of the word “unreal,” as well as shifts in the phenomenology of the disorder over the past century are discussed. Two self-report questionnaires are provided and explicated. The Dissociative Experiences Scale is a 28-item questionnaire that measures not only dpdr, but also other dissociative symptoms such as absorption, amnesia, and identity alteration. The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale is a 29-item measure of dpdr specifically. The five dpdr domains of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (unreality of self, unreality of surroundings, numbing, perceptual alterations, time distortions) are presented and illustrated by personal vignettes.
The Blow of the Void and Spirituality
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Depersonalization and derealization, feelings of detachment from reality and/or the loss of the self, have appeared in literature and philosophy for centuries. This chapter explores the origins of the term depersonalization (Amiel’s Journal Intime), and descriptions of the depersonalization/derealization experience in works by Sartre and Camus, particularly Nausea and The Stranger. Similarities to Eastern no-self experiences are explored along with a variety of perspectives cited in Suzanne Segal’s Collision with the Infinite, Bernadette Roberts’s The Experience of No-Self, and the work of Virginia Woolf. The chapter also discusses the psychedelic experiences of Aldous Huxley and others and how they relate to depersonalization/derealization. Also, depersonalization-like experiences in relation to spiritual enlightenment are examined through scientific studies of the brain during meditation.
Digital Depersonalization
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

The social isolation created by the COVID-19 lockdown prompted a dramatic increase in use of the internet, Zoom, and Skype. It also brought greater attention to the subject of internet addiction. New books and studies took a closer look at problematic internet use and issues related to increased time spent online, as well as increased dependence on smartphones for social interaction. This may exacerbate existing mental problems, primarily in young people dealing with identity and self-definition. New studies also show that virtual reality can actually trigger depersonalization/derealization disorder temporarily in healthy individuals, and the symptoms can remain for weeks. Chronic internet use has also shortened our attention spans and actually changed our brains, according to some. What does this bode for the future? This chapter examines the blurring of real and cyber worlds through the eyes of recognized authorities in the field of cyberculture and its short- and long-term effects.
Microbiome
Authors: Szymanski Erika
Published: March 2023

Louis Pasteur thought that bacteria had no place in wine, and that microbes other than fermentation yeast were best eradicated in the name of averting spoilage. He was wrong. Lactic acid bacteria, responsible for conducting the malolactic fermentation that benefits most wines, are now appreciated as valuable members of most winemaking teams. That recognition was hard-earned, as lactic acid bacteria have been difficult to control and achieving control has been wine microbiology’s baseline. Following the story of malolactic fermentation, a wider range of microbes are now being developed for controlled winemaking purposes. But is control the best way to think about human-microbe relationships in the first place? And what exactly counts as a spoilage microbe? This chapter discusses how the winemaking world recovered from the idea that all bacteria are bad, the limitations of imagining microbes as independent actors, and recent developments with non-Saccharomyces yeasts.
The Electorates’ Communication Dynamics
Authors: Lance Holbert R. , Ophir Yotam , Walter Dror , Pasek Josh , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: March 2023

This chapter argues that the multiple electorates of 2020 existed in very different media environments insofar as they perceived the political media environment differently and consumed markedly different amounts and combinations of media. Although most voters were not ensconced in echo chambers, a smaller group of conservative voters was. Importantly, the 2020 electorates encountered and engaged different media outlets in different fashions. While some actively sought out these sources, others encountered them only incidentally, and still others actively avoided them. These action tendencies and their implications were as important as overall levels of exposure to various types of political information.
“Stop the Steal”
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Pasek Josh , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: March 2023

Trump’s refusal to accept the election’s outcome triggered a fourth crisis, the crisis of democratic legitimacy, culminating in the January 6 assault on the nation’s Capitol. Where Part 1 of this chapter traces events surrounding disruption of the certification of the presidential election, this part of this chapter, Part 2, shows the responses of those in our panel to the “Stop the Steal” rhetoric and ensuing action. Not only does the chapter trace the evolution of beliefs about voter fraud, but it shows as well how the crisis of electoral legitimacy became one of democratic legitimacy. Specifically, the same factors motivating skepticism toward the election spilled over into support for the January 6 assault and informed a belief that violence is justified to protect the American way of life. These effects were especially pronounced for those who experienced status threat and who believed that racial and ethnic minorities do not face much discrimination in society.
Musical Flourishes
Authors: Coopersmith Jonathan
Published: March 2023

This chapter proposes that music does not inherently promote or obstruct well-being; rather, it can be employed with positive or negative results for both the listener and performer. Music is one of the most basic and innate forms of expression, developing organically over millennia along with other forms of communication like gesture and language. When considering the subject of music and well-being, one must first separate the various parameters of music (e.g., consonance and dissonance, melody, musical rhythm, harmony, and instrumentation) from the other art forms it often accompanies. This chapter explores what makes music unique among the arts, the ways in which music supports flourishing through various modes of engagement, and the ways in which music obstructs flourishing, especially among well-trained musicians. It also reveals how music could more effectively promote well-being, corresponding to Seligman’s PERMA model of happiness.
Jihadi Activism
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores the activities one engages in once they are a member of an extremist group. It highlights how most roles are quite mundane: dakwah (Islamic propagation), teaching, studying, and attending religious functions. It underscores how, often, those invited to participate in paramilitary training or terrorist attacks have a relationship with those facilitating entry into these activities and that participants in terrorist attacks often know each other. They may be relatives, friends, or even from the same nuclear family. Because the actions are so high risk due to their illegality and the likelihood of death-cum-martyrdom or execution, the most important priority in selecting members of terror cells is interpersonal trust. This chapter draws primarily on Indonesian cases.
Toward a Radical Epistemology of Protest
Authors: Medina José
Published: March 2023

Chapter 1 develops an argument for obligations that we may have to protest injustice and to give proper uptake to protest. The chapter provides a general introduction to the normative framework and methodology of the book, articulating a rationale for focusing on the protests of the oppressed, on social movements of liberation (rather than in single-issue protest movements), and on uncivil protests that have a radical critical and transformative potential and involve the exercise of (what I call) the radical political imagination. The chapter also lays the foundations for an experiential, victim-centered approach to protest that gives a special communicative place and special communicative prerogatives to victims of injustice and their experiences in acts of protest and in grassroot protest movements.
The Coming of the New Deal
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B.
Published: March 2023

The pain and suffering of the Great Depression provoked a seismic shift in the role of the federal government, particularly visible in the rise of the administrative state. Securities law was at the center of this dramatic change. This chapter introduces the federal securities laws adopted between 1933 and 1940. Frankfurter enlisted his protégés James Landis, Ben Cohen, and Tom Corcoran to draft the Securities Act restricting public offering practices. This cemented Frankfurter’s central role in the New Deal and his eventual appointment to the Supreme Court. Frankfurter and his protégés would also play a critical role in the enactment of the Securities Exchange Act; the founding of the SEC; and passage of the Public Utility Holding Company Act, which called for the abolition of the sprawling conglomerates that dominated the public utility sector. The SEC would meet a hostile reception at the Supreme Court, from the “Four Horsemen,” the Court’s long-serving conservative members. The Court’s shift to a more accommodating approach is the first of several key shifts in judicial interpretation to securities law and regulation generally that we identify and explain in subsequent chapters.
Private Litigation
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B.
Published: March 2023

A second major judicial shift of the 1960s was opening the door for modern securities fraud class actions. The Court first recognized an implied private right of action under the federal securities laws in J.I. Case v. Borak in 1964, describing it as a “necessary supplement” to the SEC’s enforcement efforts. Expansive decisions followed, but the Court made a sharp reversal in the seventies under the influence of Lewis Powell. Implied rights of action were curtailed, with the Court narrowly construing the elements of rights previously recognized. The activism of the sixties was briefly revived after Powell’s retirement when the Court created the fraud-on-the-market presumption in Basic Inc. v. Levinson. Subsequent decisions have bounced back and forth between expansive and restrictive decisions. The only consistent theme was deference to choices made by Congress when it enacted the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
The Federal/State Flashpoint in Corporate Governance
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B.
Published: March 2023

From the adoption of the first federal securities law in 1933, Congress was intruding on what had been a traditional space of state regulation of corporations. Congress initially focused on disclosure, steering clear of most of the substantive rules of governance, an area traditionally left to the states. Concern over inadequate state responses to fiduciary misconduct in the 1950s and ’60s led to the federal regulation of insider trading and the creation of implied private rights of action. Those trends brought the phrase “federal corporate law” into wider circulation. Key decisions during the counterrevolution thwarted that development. As Chapter 7 develops, this change reflected the influence of Lewis Powell, but it would not have happened without the support of justices who had previously joined the expansive decisions of the prior era. The takeover era posed another federalism question, one that the Court struggled with. State anti-takeover statutes initially encountered a hostile reception at the Court in the 1970s and ’80s, but eventually received its approval, albeit in a somewhat roundabout way. Overall federalism issues have receded from the Court’s decisions, even as Congress has intervened more frequently to regulate the governance of public corporations.
Into the Field of Suffering
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott
Published: March 2023

This book provides a much-needed reframing of common ideas about burnout and moral distress. These experiences are approached as trials virtually inevitable in the course of the healer’s vocation. The challenge medical professionals and caregivers face is not avoiding them at all costs, but engaging them with insight into the role of moral distress and burnout in the deepening of the healing vocation. This innovative text offers analytical frameworks and describes awareness skills that can transform the work of healers and caregivers. There is a growing body of academic literature on these topics and many memoirs recounting distressing situations and wounding traumas. This book takes its place alongside these works, while offering a distinctly different approach—an approach rooted in compassion and emphasizing gratitude, which takes up throughout the spiritual dimension of the healing vocation. The authors address their readers in a direct voice, speaking to the sense of failure and discouragement so many healthcare professionals and family caregivers experience on a daily basis. Theirs is a voice that says, “You are not a failure.” “There is a way forward.” Theirs is a practical voice saying, “Stand like this.” “Breath like that.” “Try this now.” This is a book that carries a mentor’s voice and presence, born out of experience with burnout and moral distress, and grounded in hundreds of conversations, debriefings, and interviews with healthcare workers and caregivers, as well as patients and families.
On Depletion and Burnout
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott
Published: March 2023

Helping people heal carries with it a demand that caregivers heal and grow. Yet periods of darkness are inevitable as this developmental process progresses. This chapter argues that recognizing these dynamics is the key to finding the other side of burnout. To this end, the chapter proposes the label burnout be used only to describe a specific phenomenon: major hiatus in or actual end of a career, brought about by deep depletion of personal and communal resources. The chapter also argues that burnout can be avoided or broken through, if early signs of depletion are taken not as a failure but, rather, as a clear call to discover new resources for replenishment, on the way to finding the renewal of one’s healing vocation.
How Breakthrough Happens
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores the role of provider’s own vulnerability and wounding in developing novel abilities to transform the field of suffering into the field of healing. Three types of personal wounds can be identified: (1) “present-time wounding”—injurious events, occurring now or in the past few months; (2) “historical wounding”—events that occurred early in careers or adult lives that continue to shape daily experiences; and (3) “archaic wounding”—traumas from childhood, which inform decisively career formation and daily practice. Diagnosing the patient or client is a way to engage indirectly in further exploration of one’s own suffering. One’s most difficult wounds can often only be approached through another’s wounds. There most often is a mutuality, a reciprocity, in healing. As practitioners find ways to offer healing for their patients, they can also begin to heal themselves, restore their vocation, and move beyond burnout.
Bach against Modernity
Authors: Marissen Michael
Published: March 2023

Many scholars and music lovers hold that Johann Sebastian Bach is a “modern” figure, as his music seems to speak directly to the aesthetic and spiritual or emotional concerns of today’s listeners. This collection of essays suggests that by the standards of what eighteenth-century thinkers believed to be forward-looking and modern, Bach and his music in fact reflected and forcefully promoted a premodern world- and life view. Part I of the book concerns problems of inattentiveness to historical considerations in academic and popular writing about Bach’s relation to the present. Part II puts forward brief interpretive reassessments of key individual works by Bach. Part III examines problems in modern comprehension of the partly archaic German texts that Bach set to music. Part IV explores Bach’s music in relation to premodern versus more enlightened attitudes toward Jews and Judaism. And Part V inquires into the theological character of Bach’s secular instrumental music. The bottom-line judgment is that while we are arguably free to make use of Bach and his music in whatever new ways we find fitting, we ought also to be on the ethical alert for a kind of cultural narcissism in which we end up miscasting Bach in our own ideological image and proclaiming the authenticity of that image, and hence its prestige value, in support of our own agendas.