bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ph-Responsive Alendronic Acid-Coated Liposomes for Improved Treatment Osteosarcoma
Authors: Desai Sujit Arun , Manjappa Arehalli S. , Khulbe Preeti
Published: March 2024

Objective Current research work aimed to develop pH-responsive osteosarcoma-targeted liposomes composed of non-oncology drugs previously identified for repositioning purposes. Material and Methods Using thin film hydration method, the Ketoconazole (KCZ)-, Simvastatin (SVN)-, and Niclosamide (NSD)-loaded non-targeted liposomes (KLs, SLs, and NLs respectively) were developed individually. The Aledronic acid-Choleteryl hemiscuccinate conjugate (AA-CHSC) was synthesized and confirmed using FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. The AA-CHSC coated liposomes (pH sensitive and targeted liposome: PT-KLs, PT-SLs, and PT-NLs) were developed individually for the treatment of osteosarcoma with improved efficacy and reduced drug’s primary effects. The developed non-targeted and targeted liposomes were characterized for drug contentt,vesicle size, surface morphology using transmission electron microscope (TEM), in vitro pH-sensitive drug release behaviour using dialysis bag technique, and in vitro cytotoxicity characteristics against osteosarcoma cells. Results All non-targeted liposomes showed %drug content and mean vesicle size in the range of 41-75% and 161-182 nm, respectively. The AA-CHSC insertion into the liposomal membrane (targeted liposomes) has substantially improved the drug solubility in the membrane as a result of its amphiphilic nature. Furthermore, the targeted liposomes showed moderately increased mean vesicle size (203-210 nm) validating the surface modification. The TEM image revealed the formation of spherical, nearly spherical, and non-aggregated liposomes. The AA-CHSC insertion also caused liposomes sensitive to tumor pH (5.8); as a result, substantially higher drug release (58-80%) was observed as compared to non-targeted liposomes (34-52%). The cytotoxicity study results revealed substantially higher osteosarcoma cell (Saos-2) growth inhibition characteristics of targeted liposomes. Conclusions In conclusion, the developed targeted liposomes have potential application in the treatment of osteosarcoma. In addition, detailed anticancer activities should be revealed for the combination of targeted liposomes as the combination caused almost similar cytotoxicity as that of individual targeted liposomes.
STRESS RESPONSES RELATED TO THE EFFECTS OF ANESTHETICS"
Authors: Aldhafeeri Gazi Matar S , Alrasheedi Abdulrhman Saud , Alharbi Turki Matar Ali , Alshammar Jadaan Muhna , Alharbi Fahad Farhan , Almutairi Bandar Mubarak , Alanazi Nawaf Mofareh , Alshammari Mohammad Shetaiwi , Alanazi Abdulrahman Ghunaim , Alharbi Adel Khalid , Alghamdi Nasser Khedhran
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the differential impacts of Propofol, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane on stress responses in 150 elective surgery patients, emphasizing the importance of anesthetic choice in patient care. Utilizing a prospective observational design at a tertiary care center, we measured physiological stress markers (cortisol levels, heart rate, blood pressure) and psychological stress (via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) before and after anesthesia administration. Results highlighted Propofol's superior efficacy in significantly reducing both physiological and psychological stress markers compared to Sevoflurane and Desflurane. This suggests that Propofol not only ensures patient comfort during surgeries but also enhances postoperative recovery by mitigating stress responses. Our findings advocate for a strategic selection of anesthetics to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction, positioning Propofol as a preferred choice for minimizing stress in surgical settings. This research underscores the nuanced role of anesthetics in stress modulation, contributing valuable insights into anesthetic practices aimed at improving surgical experiences and patient well-being.
INTERVENTIONS ENHANCING DENTAL HEALTH IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Hattani Rahmah Mansour , Alenzi Waad Thain , Alamri Nourah Abdullah , Alanzi Amal Lafa , Alanzi Ahood Thamer , Almutairi Jamelah Aowad Barak , Alshammari Manal Khairallah , Alkhaldi Bazah Mosbah
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Elderly patients with cognitive impairments are at a heightened risk of poor dental health due to various barriers that impede their access to oral care and their ability to maintain proper oral hygiene. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance dental health in this vulnerable population. Methods A comprehensiveliterature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, using a combination of keywords related to dental health, cognitive impairment, and elderly care. The review was limited to interventional studies and clinical trials published in English. Inclusion criteria were studies on populations aged 65 years and above with diagnosed cognitive impairments that assessed the outcomes of dental health interventions. Studies were excluded if they were observational, reviews, or did not directly measure dental health outcomes. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed on the included studies. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a range of interventions from professional dental care and the use of therapeutic dental products to caregiver training programs. Sample sizes ranged from 30 to 200 participants. Notable findings include a significant reduction in plaque scores and gingival inflammation with a risk ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59 -0.94), a 40% decrease in dental caries incidence (95% CI: 20-60%), and a 30% improvement in oral hygiene practices (95% CI: 15 -45%) following various interventions. Caregiver training programs were particularly effective, showing a 50% reduction in oral health-related complications (95% CI: 30-70%). Conclusions: The review highlights the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions in improving dental health among elderly patients with cognitive impairments. These interventions, especially when involving caregiver support, significantly contribute to better oral hygiene, reduced incidence of dental diseases, and overall improved quality of life for this demographic. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention designs and integrating caregiver involvement to enhance outcomes.
GAMBARAN RHEMATOID FACTOR (RF) PADA PETANI USIA 50-60 TAHUN
Authors: Rustiah Waode , Suardi Suardi , Laderu Fika Abriyanti , Annisa Riska , Kaswi Nurwilda , Al Adawiah Putri Rabiah , Wahyuni Sri , Salim Indah Permata
Published: March 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, in which a person's immune system can be damaged and disrupted leading to the destruction of joint organs and layers on the sinoval, especially in the joints of the hands, legs, and knees. The most influential factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are age, genetics, gender, immunity and lifestyle. One of the autoimmune diseases is rheumatoid arthritis with a presence of 49%. (RF). The study aims to find out the picture of Rheumatoid Factor in farmers aged 50-60 years in Pallangga district, Gowa district. The sample collection method in this study is accidental sampling. While the test method in this study is using the qualitative test of latex agglutination. The sample number in this research is 10 samples of serum with results showing that 1 positive sample occurred agglutinization, while 9 negative samples did not occur agglutination. Thus, it can be concluded that the results of the Rheumatoid Factor examination are mostly negative for rheumatic arthritis.
Logística reversa de embalagens no Brasil: produção científica versus realidade nacional
Authors: Cavalcante Francisco Leorne de Sousa , Frota Artemisa Fontinele , Bezerra Emanuel Araújo , Stefanutti Ronaldo , Pianowski Sarah Maia
Published: March 2024

A Logística Reversa é uma ferramenta para gestão de resíduos sólidos, incorporada oficialmente no Brasil pela Lei 12.305/2010 (BRASIL, 2010), que estabeleceu três instrumentos para implementar os sistemas de logística reversa: acordos setoriais, termos de compromisso e regulamentos expedidos pelo poder público. Para o segmento de embalagens em geral, foi assinado em 2015 o Acordo Setorial, com a meta de recuperar 22% das embalagens recicláveis do mercado brasileiro. Esta pesquisa objetivou traçar um panorama comparativo entre a produção científica global sobre a logística reversa de embalagens e o seu desenvolvimento no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise bibliométrica na base de dados Scopus com auxílio da ferramenta Biblioshiny, além de pesquisas em documentos oficiais e na literatura científica.  Os dados gerados pelo Biblioshiny foram exportados no formato CSV para criação de gráficos contendo múltiplas análises. Para analisar o cenário brasileiro, utilizou-se pesquisas em documentos oficiais e na literatura científica, com destaque para o site da Coalizão Embalagens. As análises mostraram a importância crescente da temática, o quantitativo crescente de publicações, citações e implementação de políticas públicas em países de todos os continentes do mundo, com destaque de 2010 em diante. O Brasil ocupa posição de relevância em número de publicações e citações, notadamente nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, o que infelizmente não tem sido acompanhado da efetiva implantação da cadeia de logística reversa de embalagens, em virtude de diversas dificuldades gerenciais e operacionais, que resultam em descontinuidades nas etapas logísticas que envolvem o processo. Uma das limitações da pesquisa foi a divergência e imprecisão de dados oficiais concernentes à realidade brasileira. Assim, sugere-se a descentralização da gestão, monitoramento e fiscalização dos instrumentos de logística reversa para os estados e municípios, com base no princípio da responsabilidade compartilhada, bem como a realização de estudos posteriores com a finalidade de compreender em profundidade as particularidades das cadeias de logística reversa de embalagens.
A poesia oral do Maracatu de Baque Solto: estratégia para a ampliação do letramento literário de estudantes da 4ª fase da EJA
Authors: Rocha Joseane do Nascimento , Da Silva Josivaldo Custódio , Barbosa Maria do Rosário da Silva Albuquerque
Published: March 2024

Esse artigo possui como objetivo ampliar o letramento literário de estudantes da IV fase da EJA – Educação de Jovens e Adultos, a partir de leitura e interpretação das loas de Maracatu de Baque Solto ou Rural. Partindo da experiência leitora do estudante, e através das abordagens da Estética da Recepção (JAUSS, 1994), do Método Recepcional (AGUIAR e BORDINI, 1988) e do Letramento Literário (COSSON, 2011), desenvolvemos uma proposta para estudantes do município de Lagoa do Carro-PE, matriculados(as) na escola municipal Dagoberto Lobo. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza aplicada e procedimento de pesquisa-ação. A proposta aqui apresentada utiliza, a partir de etapas do Método Recepcional, etapas da sequência básica – motivação, introdução, leitura e interpretação – e contextualizações da sequência expandida do Letramento Literário e teses da Estética da Recepção. As dificuldades de interpretação foram analisadas com base nas produções escritas dos(as) participantes, oriundas de textos lidos e elaboradas no decorrer de cada oficina desenvolvida dentro das etapas aplicadas. Os resultados nos proporcionaram uma análise qualitativa das ocorrências de cada índice de contextualizações e teses identificadas nas produções escritas. Ao longo da pesquisa, identificamos questões negativas e avanços positivos até chegarmos à conclusão com o produto final: as apresentações dos TCEF – Trabalhos de Conclusão do Ensino Fundamental – cujas temáticas se desenvolveram referentes ao maracatu de baque solto. Portanto, é vísivel a ampliação do letramento literário dos(as) participantes da pesquisa, principalmente na parte de escrita criativa na última oficina, mesmo que apresentem problemas de interpretação, de grafia, enfim, de desvios da norma padrão.
Paisagem, um conceito em construção a partir da experiência prática
Authors: Fernandes Rosane Patricia , Raiter Luciano
Published: March 2024

Este estudo analisa a relevância do trabalho de campo na formação docente, com vistas à importância da compreensão e preservação dos recursos naturais e culturais, explorando a paisagem como recurso pedagógico. Tomamos como experiência as saídas de campo da disciplina de antropologia e educação, do curso de Pedagogia do Instituto Superior de Educação de Guaratuba, tendo como objeto de pesquisa o espaço geográfico da Baía de Guaratuba e seu entorno, um cenário que reúne mata atlântica, sítios arqueológicos e históricos, oficinas líticas, manguezais e uma área de ocupação que, de certo modo, descaracterizou a naturalidade dessa baía. Procurou-se com o trabalho de campo fornecer aos alunos o aprendizado sobre esse patrimônio pela observação direta da paisagem, no intuito de relacioná-la com os seus aspectos físico-naturais e atividades humanas presentes nesse espaço. Para isso, abordou-se a paisagem como um espaço simbiótico, permeado de experiências em uma dimensão histórica que reflete as vivências de seus habitantes, difundindo relações de conflitos e prazer, inclusão e exclusão, o desenvolvimento e preservação de um território, afinal a paisagem é um lócus em constante transformação, construído de experiência e sensações relacionais, entre seus objetos de constituição, e pela tensão entre os objetos e as significações atribuídas a eles pelas percepções de um espaço de construção social, cultural e de memória. Nesse sentido, a metodologia do trabalho de campo é apropriada ao conhecimento, por trazer a experiência exploratória sensorial, permitir a observação empírica dos fenômenos estudados e o contato com os agentes sociais, visto que isso nos conduzirá a possibilidade de intervenções relacionadas ao processo histórico de ocupação, considerando os fatores condicionantes educativos e culturais, fatores emotivos, sensitivos e afetivos. A partir dessa interpretação holística, decodificar-se-á a paisagem pelo olhar do expectador, composta de formas naturais e antropogênicas, a considerar as variáveis; ecológica, cultural, socioeconômica e sensorial da paisagem. O resultado esperado é a compreensão de que o método da pesquisa de campo em diferentes disciplinas do curso de Pedagogia é um excelente método de ensino ao unir a prática e a teoria, além de demostrar que o território deve ser interpretado como uma memória cultural impressa no meio com a qual interagimos constantemente e a paisagem como o local onde ocorreram as transformações das interações entre a sociedade e a natureza.
In Defense of (Limited) Oligarchy
Authors: Kogelmann Brian
Published: March 2024

In democracies around the world, the rich exercise a disproportionate share of political power. Democratic theorists universally condemn this. The current paper brings balance to this conversation by mustering a defense of limited oligarchy. I have two goals. First, I shall argue that we need not be overly despondent about the wealthy's outsized influence, for overrepresentation of the wealthy performs some good for us—good which might not be entirely obvious at first glance. Second, I hope to temper reform efforts that seek to limit the wealthy's influence. While the people should have a greater say than they currently do, the wealthy's influence should still be greater than what their numbers suggest. I ultimately embrace oligarchic bicameralism, an old idea that proposes ordinary persons be represented in the lower chamber of the legislature, and property be represented in the upper. This is accomplished through a combination of sortition and elections.
Imaging and endoscopic tools in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: What’s new?
Authors: Hudson Alexandra S , Wahbeh Ghassan T , Zheng Hengqi Betty
Published: March 2024

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. There have been recent advances in imaging and endoscopic technology for disease diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Intestinal ultrasound, including transabdominal, transperineal, and endoscopic, has been emerging for the assessment of transmural bowel inflammation and disease complications (e.g., fistula, abscess). Aside from surgery, IBD-related intestinal strictures now have endoscopic treatment options including through-the-scope balloon dilatation, injection, and needle knife stricturotomy and new evaluation tools such as endoscopic functional lumen imaging probe. Unsedated transnasal endoscopy may have a role in patients with upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease or those with IBD with new upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Improvements to dysplasia screening in pediatric patients with longstanding colonic disease or primary sclerosing cholangitis hold promise with the addition of virtual chromoendoscopy and ongoing research in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic detection. Artificial intelligence and machine learning is a rapidly evolving field, with goals of further personalizing IBD diagnosis and treatment selection as well as prognostication. This review summarized these advancements, focusing on pediatric patients with IBD.
Effects of sub-chronic oral administration of hydromethanolic stem extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) on body weight, relative organ weight (ROW) and histopathology of selected organs in rats
Authors: Jimoh AbdulFatai Adetunji , Bello Maiha Bilkisu , Chindo Ben , Ejiofor Janet , Yakubu Musa
Published: March 2024

Adverse effects of plant extracts on body weight, relative organ weight and histopathology are important indicators of toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the hydromethanolic stem extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae). OECD (2008) Guideline 425 was used to evaluate oral acute toxicity of the extract. Sub-chronic oral administration of the extract on body weight, relative organ weight (ROW) and histopathology of selected organs in Wistar rats were evaluated using  OECD 1995 guideline 407. Forty Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into 4 groups. Rats in control group (Group I) received 1 ml/kg/day distilled water while Groups II, III and IV rats received 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of the extract  respectively for 28 days. All treatments were administered orally. The rats were sacrificed under light halothane anaesthesia on the 29th day and the target organs were harvested, weighed and examined macroscopically for any morphological changes and microscopically for any lesions. There were no significant changes  in mean body weights of rats and relative organ weights of selected organs in the extract treated groups when compared with the control group (distilled water). Although histological features of the brain, heart, stomach mucosa, lungs, spleen, ovaries and uterus in the extract treated groups were similar to those of control, slight to moderate renal and hepatic necrosis and necrosis of secondary spermatogenic cells at doses of 500 mg/kg and above of the extract were observed in the kidneys, liver and testes respectively. Caution should be exercised on sub-chronic administration of this extract as it may be toxic to the kidneys, liver and testes.
Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions attenuate paracetamol-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats
Authors: Nwakaego Ebong
Published: March 2024

Hippocratea africana root used locally in the treatment of poisoning was investigated to confirm its antidotal potential in rats. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for nephroprotective activity against paracetamol-induced kidney injury in rats.  Anti-oxidative stress and renoprotective potentials of root extract and fractions were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, kidney function parameters and histopathology in rats. The root extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the kidney, while MDA level was decreased. The root extract/fractions caused significant (p<0.05-0.001) reduction of elevated serum levels of creatinine and urea of the rats, while the electrolytes levels were considerably reduced though not significant. Histology of kidney revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated rats compared to paracetamol treated group group. The results show that the root extract and fractions of H.africana have antioxidative stress and nephroprotective potentials which may be due to the antioxidant activities of their phytochemical constituents.
Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Panicum maximum in pentylenetetrazole and strychnine induced seizure in mice.
Authors: Iyanyi Uchechukwu Loveth , Oparah Ikenna , Okokon Jude O.
Published: March 2024

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition affecting around 50 million people worldwide. This study evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of Panicium maxmium in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine (STN) induced convulsions in mice. For each model, 25 mice were divided into five groups; group 1 received 10 ml/kg distilled water, groups 2-4 received 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of extract p.o respectively. Group 5 received 3 mg/kg of diazepam p.o. Convulsion was induced intraperitoneally using PTZ and STN, thirty minutes after the extract was administered. The onset of myoclonic, tonic-clonic seizure, time of death within 60 minutes of PTZ and STN administration were monitored. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s comparison tests. In STN-induced seizure model, 100 mg/kg of P. maximum exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant activity by delaying myoclonic seizure onset in mice when compared to the control. Significant (p < 0.001) activity was also observed in the onset of tonic clonic seizure at same dose when compared to control. In PTZ-induced seizure model, 200 mg/kg exhibited more significant (p < 0.001) activity followed by 100 mg/kg (p < 0.05) by delaying myoclonic seizure onset in mice when compared to the control. Significant (p < 0.001) activity were observed in tonic clonic phase at same doses respectively. The different doses administered couldn’t protect the mice from death. Diazepam, standard drug used, protected all the animals without any signs of convulsions. The results provide evidence that the extract possesses anticonvulsant activity.
Ocimum Gratissimum essential oil: A review of extraction methods, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological uses and formulation approaches
Authors: Ikeotuonye Chidalu , Uronnachi Emmanuel , Nwakile Calistus , Attama Anthony
Published: March 2024

Ocimum gratissimum is a plant native to Africa. Its leaves have been used in local dishes over the years, with documented evidence of varying pharmacological uses of its essential oil. This review focuses on the extraction methods, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological uses and formulation approaches of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. The traditional extraction methods that have been widely used include the solvent, cold press and hydrodistillation methods. However, newer methods such as steam distillation, ultrasound and microwave assisted hydrodistillation, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and pressurized hot water extraction methods have not been fully reported. These methods provide more yield of the essential oil compared with the traditional methods and their processes are less laborious. Furthermore, they are often limited to analytical applications as they cannot handle large quantities of samples. The phytochemical constituents of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil vary, based on location of the plant and the time of the season the plant parts were harvested for extraction. The African species have more thymol than eugenol. Other notable constituents are saponins, terpenes and flavonoids in both African species and others. The essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum bears the scent of the plant and other important properties such as protection of the plant from pests and to attract insects for cross-pollination. The essential oil of this plant has been noted to possess various pharmacological properties which explains its use in inflammatory conditions and the treatment of diarrhoeal disease, wound healing and cerebrovascular disorder, amongst others. The essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum has been embedded in gels, cream, silver nanoparticles and nanoemulsion to improve its pharmacological activity and bioavailability. This review article highlights the potentials of the essential oil of this ubiquitous plant as a therapeutic source for the treatment of different tropical diseases.
Secondary metabolites of mangrove-derived endophytic fungus, Pseudopestalotiopsis species investigated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Ajah Virginia N. , Okolo Chukwubuikem , Okezie Ugochukwu , Ukwubile Cletus , Asekunowo Anita Kelechi , Umeokoli Blessing , Okoye Festus
Published: March 2024

Attention is being diverted toward the bioprospecting of newer bioactive compounds from marine endophytic fungi. This is because marine fungi have shown a large chemo-diversity of untapped important secondary metabolites needed for drug development. In the present study, the secondary metabolites of a mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis species isolated from the root of Rhizophora racemosa were investigated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The fungal isolation, taxonomic identification, fermentation, extraction, and isolation of the fungal secondary metabolites were carried out using standard techniques. The fermentation product was subjected to fractionation. The crude extract and its fractions were screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. The active extracts and fractions exhibited good antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas oleaginous, and Candida albicans with MIC values that ranged between 0.06 to 1 mg/mL. The Gram negatives were the most susceptible bacteria while C. albicans was the most susceptible fungi. Moderately low antioxidant activities were recorded in the DPPH and FRAP assays. The chromatographic separation and HPLC analysis of the fungal secondary metabolites yielded compounds: Palitantin (A), Cytosporin D (B), Cytosporin K (C), and Fusarielin (D). These compounds have been previously reported to possess varying pharmacological activities which include antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thus, The results of this study show that these compounds may, in part, account for the anti-microbial and antioxidant effect of the root of Rhizophora racemosa ethno medically.
Epiphytic medicinal plants as reliable sources of therapeutic agents with enhanced pharmacological activities
Authors: Umeyor Ebuka , Umeyor Immaculeta , Chukwuemerie Ogechukwu , Ifejirika Ezeonyi , Okoye Festus
Published: March 2024

Epiphytes are bioindicator groups of plant species that give important information on how the ecosystem support evolution of life in its habitat and to what extent this is achieved owing to their sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. The plants have been used for the treatment of non-infectious and infectious diseases including boils, wounds, ulcers, smallpox, diarrhoea, fever, colds, ulcers, malaria, and worm infections. They are also used to improve hepatic functions, treat rheumatism, diabetes, bronchitis, and enhance muscle tone. Some of the novel bioactive molecules identified in epiphytes include flavanthrinin, nudol, and fimbriol. The pharmacological activities of epiphytes were discussed following information obtained from databases such as Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Prota, Web of Science, Prosea, Scifinder Scholar, and Scopus. The review evaluated and discussed the ethnomedicinal uses of ten (10) epiphytes including Adiantum caudatum, Diaphananthe bidens, Nephrolepis cordifolia etc. The phytochemical factors of the plants (catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, alkaloids, and flavonoids) with their traditional uses were presented. Interestingly, these plants have shown significant medicinal properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Pharmacognostic studies and thin layer chromatography profile of the aerial parts of Vernonia cinerealess. (Asteraceae)
Authors: ISA Hassanatu , Adam Katsayal Umar Adam mni , Abdurahman Abdurahman Ezzeldin Mukhtar , Mohammed Maje Idris Mohammed , Abdulhamid Abdulhamid Zakir
Published: March 2024

Vernonia cinerea(VC) Less is synonymously known as Cyanthillium cinereum and Vernonia abbreviate belongs to Asteraceae family. Different parts of the plant are extensively used in traditional medicine for treatment of various disease conditions. However, there was no scientific evaluation of the plant’s pharmacognosy and thin layer chromatography (TLC), which necessitate these studies, to bring out characters that will facilitate its proper identification, standardization and, nature of secondary metabolites in aerial parts of the plant. To carry out detailed pharmacognostic studies and TLC evaluation on the aerial parts of Vernonia cinerea. Aerial plant parts of V. cinerea were studied for their organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical features and bitterness properties, their elemental and nutritional values were evaluated using standard procedures. In the TLC, reagents were used to evaluate presence of various bioactive constituents in the parts studied. Pharmacognostic studies of aerial parts of VC highlighted features that are diagnostic from microscopic characters and their dimensions, different ergastic substances in the chemomicrocopical study. The elemental analysis showed the presence of macro, micro and trace elements. Nutritionally, there are presence of macro molecules such as carbohydrates, protein and fats. All these will serve as criteria to differentiate it from other species in the same and other families. The TLC profile showed spots of different colour shades after spraying with general and specific reagents and, their Rf values determined.  Detailed pharmacognostic studies on the aerial parts of VC showed characters which might be useful to provide information with regard to its identification, standardization and types of phytochemicals present.
Levels of trace metals content of crude ethanol leaf extract of globimetula oreophila (Hook. f) danser growing on Azadirachta indica using atomic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: DAUDA GARBA , Ali Bila Hassan , Muhammad Sani Yahaya , Muhammed Magaji Garba , Muhammad Musa Aliyu , Hassan Halimatu Sadiya
Published: March 2024

Globimetula oreophila is a parasitic plant that is widely used in the treatment of various ailments including malaria, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, and as a diuretic agent. The present study is aimed at analyzing and documenting the level of trace and toxic metals in the crude ethanolic leaf extract of G. oreophila. After collection and authentication, the leaves were air-dried, mashed into powder, weighed, and extracted using 70% ethanol. Crude extract (0.5g) was digested with HNO3: HCl (3:1); then heated to 200 ºC and analyzed for its metal content by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Fe had the highest concentration (32.73mg/kg), while Pb was not detected. The concentrations of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cd detected were 5.97, 10.8, 8.0,1, and 0.9 mg/kg respectively. The concentrations of Cd, Fe, and Ni were above the permissible limit of FAO/WHO.
Methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata ameliorates chronic, unpredictable, mild stress-induced depression
Authors: Sani Dr. Ibrahim H. , A. Umar Dr. Muhammad , Rabiu Abubakar Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar , Prof. Sani Malami  , Prof. Abdullahi Hamza Yaro
Published: March 2024

Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne is a tropical herb widely used in the phytotherapy of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Despite the availability of synthetic antidepressant drugs, depression remains a major medical problem. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata (LHME) on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Acute toxicity of Leptadenia hastata was determined using Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model-induced depression involves the evaluation of baseline behavioural changes in the sucrose preference test, open field test, and tail suspension test. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations and serum cortisol were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assessed using standard procedure.
The median lethal dose (LD50) value was > 5000 mg/kg. LHME at doses of 250 – 1000 mg significantly (p<0.01) decreased CUMS-induced depression in a dose-dependent manner.  LHME significantly (p<0.01) reversed depression associated weight loss from 14.00±0.62 g in week two to 22.57±1.13 g in week five of the experiment. It also increased sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test (SPT) from 4.29±0.52 ml in week two to 9.71±0.68 ml in week five. The LHME also significantly (p<0.01) decreased the duration of immobility from 190.00±4.55 sec in week two to 158.00±3.83 sec in week five in the tail suspension test (TST). Furthermore, LHME at the tested dose significantly (p<0.01) increased the locomotor activity from 36.29±1.25 sec in week two to 62.43±1.73 sec in week five in the open field test (OFT). LHME significantly (p<0.01) and dose-dependently increased the levels of BDNF (204.74±22.97 pg/ml) and decreased the levels of plasma cortisol (0.98±0.06 ng/ml). However, treatment with LHME and the standard drug imipramine did not significantly change SOD activity and the MDA level in CUMS-induced mice. 
The findings demonstrated that LHME ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviours, and its effect is possibly mediated via the neuroendocrine (cortisol) and neurotrophic (BDNF).
Attitude of Rumueme Community towards Solid Waste Management in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State
Authors:   Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Nigeria., Orukwowu Udo
Published: March 2024

The study focused on attitude of Rumueme Community towards solid waste management in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Introduction: Waste management is one of the most pressing environmental challenges faced by urban and rural areas globally. Solid waste is described as all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Methodology: The study used a descriptive survey study design with a sample size of 150 which are selected through simple random sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire were used as an instrument for data collection, while SPSS, frequency tables and simple percentage was adopted for data analysis. Result: The findings of the study indicated Rumueme Community residents’ exhibit poor attitude towards solid waste management. Another finding of the study revealed that there are associated effects of poor solid waste management, hence the effects in the study area is high. Also, the study showed that methods of controlling solid waste in Rumueme Community is inadequate and uncommendable in all ramifications. Conclusion: A good population of habitants in Rumueme Community exhibit improper habit of solid waste management and this is due to lack of knowledge on good solid waste management and its effects on human health, hence awareness on the importance of good solid waste management should be organized for the inhabitants of the study area to enhance their knowledge and attitude towards solid waste control and management.
Introduction
Authors: Br¨¨uhlmann Vera , Kolozova Katarina
Published: March 2024

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Multimodal Feature Fusion Using Optimal Transfer Learning Approach for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification on CT Images
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India, Karthikeyan B. , Seethalakshmi N. ,   C.K. College of Engineering&Technology, Cuddalore-607003, India, Nandhini V. ,   Department of Computer Scienec and Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem, India, Vinoth D. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Muthusamy P. ,   Department of Cyber Security, Paavai Engineering College( Autonomous), Namakkal, India, Bellam Kiran ,   Associate Dean, College of Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Texas, USA
Published: March 2024

Lung cancer detection is the process of detecting the presence of lung tumor or abnormalities in the lungs. Early diagnosis is crucial for increasing the chances of patient survival and successful treatment. When compared to X-rays, Computed Tomography (CT) images are more sensitive and are increasingly being used for the diagnosis and screening of lung tumors. They provide complete cross-sectional images of the lungs and it will even detect small lesions. AI and Machine learning (ML) approaches are most commonly employed to analyse medical images (e.g. CT scans) and detect lung cancer. This algorithm can help radiologists identify patterns indicative or subtle abnormalities of cancer. Medical diagnosis, particularly in complex diseases such as lung cancer, frequently involves ambiguity. The diagnostic system can alleviate ambiguity via cross-verifying findings from various sources by fusing multimodal features. Multimodal feature fusion using deep learning (DL) algorithm is an advanced technology that leverages the abilities of deep neural networks to combine data from three different modalities or sources for better robustness in several applications, namely natural language processing, image, and data analysis, etc. This study introduces a Multimodal Feature Fusion using an Optimal Transfer Learning Method for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification (MFFOTL-LCDC) methodology on CT images. The chief objective of the MFFOTL-LCDC methodology is to exploit the feature fusion process for the identification and classification of lung tumor. To attain this, the MFFOTL-LCDC model undergoes a multimodal feature fusion approach to derive feature vectors using 3 DL approaches such as SqueezeNet, CapsNet, and Inception v3 models. Besides, the MFFOTL-LCDC technique applies the remora optimization algorithm (ROA) for the hyperparameter choice of 3 DL models. For lung cancer recognition, the MFFOTL-LCDC algorithm exploits the deep extreme learning machine (DELM) algorithm. A series of simulations were conducted to ensure the greater lung cancer recognition outcomes of the MFFOTL-LCDC methodology. The extensive outcomes determine the improved results of the MFFOTL-LCDC technique over recent DL approaches.
On The Anti Fuzzy k-Ideals of Ternary Semi-rings
Authors:   Gaziantep University, Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep, Turkey, Murat Murat
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notion of anti fuzzy k-ideal of ternary semi ring and we study some of its elementary properties by many related theorems and proofs, with many illustrated examples that explain our work.
Some Results About αc– Continuous Functions
Authors:   Al-Farahidi Universiry, College of engineering, Iraq, Ahmed Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The main aim of this paper is to study new class of continuous function is called – continuous function. for this aim, the nation of - open and pre – open sets and - compact space are introduced. and we shall study the relationship between – continuous and pc– continuous functions.
On Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic crystallography
Authors: Yan Zhengjie
Published: March 2024

A major impetus in the early development of group theory in the 19th century was the study of geometrical symmetries. Inspired by the theory regarding orbifold notation developed by John Conway, we understand and analyze the theory of the classification of symmetrical patterns in three different spaces. One of the triumphs was the full understanding of 2-dimensional planar symmetries, precisely, the classification theorem of wallpaper groups. Then we use the same way to classify the symmetrical patterns in spherical and hyperbolic spaces. There were also scattered theories on the general notion called crystallographic groups. In this paper, we reproduce the classical result that there are 17 types of wallpaper groups using a topological method; we also conclude that there are 14 family cases in the spherical space and infinite conditions in the hyperbolic spaces. During this process, we first consider the three different spaces, then, analyze the symmetrical patterns case by case. The characteristic we consider to classify these patterns is orbifold; finally, we use the formulas to calculate the result.
An alternative to the one-child policy in China
Authors: Wang Keyin , Zhou Yuli
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the problem of ageing in the country has become increasingly serious. In addition, with the number of newborn babies dropping sharply, social pressure increasing and the number of young workers seriously insufficient, the problem of old age has become a severe test before people and is gradually affecting social and economic development. Between 2005 and 2021, the proportion of Chinas total population aged 60 and over will rise from 11.1% to 12.5%, and the old-age dependency coefficient from 10.69% to 11.60%. In order to alleviate this predicament, the State has introduced a new policy aimed at providing better old-age protection for the elderly and improving their living standards. This new policy not only helps to solve the problem of old age, but also reduces the burden of the only child, and should be based on Chinas national conditions to establish an old age system with Chinese characteristics, so that old age is no longer difficult. Chinas future population will be very different from before.
Portfolio selection methods and efficiency research
Authors: Qin Tian
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine how to use the most effective methods to build a portfolio in the face of todays rapid growth in the field of artificial intelligence. The field of Artificial Intelligence is one of the most talked about areas in the world today and one that has changed a lot in recent years. The author will analyze the competitiveness of Nvidia.Corp, Apple.Inc amd Microsoft. Corporations use analytical models related to the stock market and combine positive and negative news about well-known companies in the relevant field to see if they are competitive enough to be added to a portfolio. Ultimately, the efficiency of these methods in terms of revenue is assessed through the final returns. Through evaluation, investors can choose the most reliable model to analyze the direction of stock prices and the value of companies in the process of completing the construction of portfolios.
Integrating GBDT regression and factor analysis for accurate prediction of used sailboat prices
Authors: Yang Haojie , Yao Ruiqi , Zhu Qing , Huang Jialei
Published: March 2024

Similar to many luxury goods, the value of sailboats fluctuates with the age of the boat and market conditions. To comprehensively understand the sailboat market, our team utilized web crawlers to collect data on second-hand sailboats and relevant regional factors (economic, geographic, tourism). We established a unified prediction model that integrates sailboat characteristics and regional influences. Using a factor analysis model, combined with a Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) regression model, we evaluated the regional impact on second-hand sailboat prices. The combined model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the prices of monohull and catamaran sailboats. The study further explored the applicability of the model to the Hong Kong market and validated its effectiveness with different datasets. The results indicated substantial demand and tremendous market potential in the Hong Kong market. Finally, through ARIMA time series forecasting, statistical histograms, and correlation analysis, the study revealed relationships between year and price, regional disparities, and key price-influencing factors.
Evolution of engines: From steam to turbojet
Authors: Zheng Daopeng
Published: March 2024

Engines, the mechanical workhorses powering modern societies, have a rich historical evolution, the Industrial Revolution marks a turning point, James Watts improvements, the rise of internal combustion engines, first with Nikolaus Ottos four-stroke cycle, later Rudolf Diesels compression-ignition engine. These engines fueled the automotive and aviation revolutions. In contrast, the Stirling engine, patented by Robert Stirling in 1816, offered a unique closed-cycle operation. Engines, from steam to internal combustion, continue to underpin technological advancements, shaping economies, industries, and daily life. This paper comprehensively analyzes the development and significance of four major engine types: the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine, and the turbojet engine. The analysis encompasses various aspects, including their principles of operation, historical contexts, and practical applications. The paper concludes that these engines have played pivotal roles in shaping human history and technological progress. From the steam engines impact on industrialization to the internal combustion engines revolution of transportation, the Stirling engines potential for sustainable power generation, and the turbojet engines transformation of aviation and military capabilities, each engine type has made a unique and vital contribution to our worlds advancement. This narrative of engine evolution reflects human ingenuity and our ceaseless pursuit of technological innovation.
Research on network intrusion detection based on XGBoost algorithm and multiple machine learning algorithms
Authors: Fan Zhihui , You Zhixuan
Published: March 2024

Network intrusion detection refers to monitoring and analysing network traffic, system logs and other information to identify abnormal behaviours and attacks in the network, and take timely and appropriate countermeasures to protect the security and stability of the network. This paper investigates the application of seven machine learning methods in network intrusion detection, and evaluates each model by indicators such as precision, accuracy, recall and F1 score. The results show that XGBoost, Random Forest and Decision Tree models have the best prediction results, while Support Vector Machines and Plain Bayes models have poor prediction results. XGBoost, Random Forest and Decision Tree models all belong to the category of integrated learning, which have strong generalisation ability and robustness, can handle high-dimensional and complex datasets and are not prone to overfitting. In addition, they are able to handle non-linear relationships and are suitable for complex classification problems. Catboost and logistic regression models have better prediction results, but their prediction results are also affected by feature engineering. They may under- or over-fit when dealing with high-dimensional, complex datasets. Support Vector Machines and Plain Bayesian Models have poorer prediction results, which is related to their limitations. Support vector machines may experience computational difficulties when dealing with high-dimensional, complex datasets and are weak in dealing with non-linear relationships. The plain Bayesian model assumes that the features are independent of each other, which may not hold true in practical applications, thus affecting the prediction results. The conclusions of this paper are instructive for research and application in the field of network security, and can provide reference and inspiration for research in related fields.