bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lectotype designations and taxonomic corrections on species of Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) described by Gustav Breddin
Authors: KONDOROSY ELŐD , RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: June 2015

Types of selected species of Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) described by Gustav Breddin, so far of unknown depository, were re-examined and the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems that existed among those species are discussed and resolved as required. The holotype of Dieuches schultheissi Breddin, 1906 is documented. Lectotypes are designated and documented for the following taxa: Lygaeidae: Aethalotus horni Breddin, 1907; Aspilogeton nubicola Breddin, 1901; Lygaeus hospes Fabricius, 1794 var. celebensis Breddin, 1901; Oxycarenidae: Oxycarenus musculus Breddin, 1907; Rhyparochromidae: Lispochroa blandula Breddin, 1907; Notochilaster teres Breddin, 1907; Dieuches horni Breddin, 1906; D. jacobsoni Breddin, 1906; D. nudipes Breddin, 1906; D. villosulus Breddin, 1906; Poeantius brevicollis Breddin, 1907; Pamera recincta Breddin, 1901; Paromius robustior Breddin, 1907. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Naphius schultzei (Breddin, 1913), new combination (transferred from Rhyparochromus); Graptostethus verticalis (Dallas, 1852) = Pyrrhobaphus scutellatus Breddin, 1907, new subjective synonym; Naphius schultzei (Breddin, 1913) = Naphius capensis Scudder, 1971, new subjective synonym.
Formalizing the names of subfamilies and tribes of ponyfishes (Leiognathidae Gill 1893)
Authors: Chakrabarty Prosanta , SPARKS JOHN S.
Published: June 2015

Several higher-level clades (subfamilies and tribes) of ponyfishes were introduced and diagnosed without the term “new” following the taxon names and without reference to a type genus. We correct these errors here so that the clade names comply with Articles 16.1 and 16.2, and Recommendation 16A of the Code (ICZN 2000, 4th edition), and may be formally recognized. Diagnoses for all of these clades were presented in Chakrabarty et al. (2011) and their membership updated in Sparks and Chakrabarty (2015).
Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
Authors: Nuvoloni Felipe Micali , LOFEGO AnTONIO CARLOS , CASTRO ELIZEU BARBOSA , Feres Reinaldo José Fazzio
Published: June 2015

The current study describes the results of a survey of Phytoseiidae mites conducted on a rubber tree plantation in the State of Bahia, Brazil. We present 22 species, two of which are new to science, Amblydromalus insolitus n. sp. Nuvoloni & Lofego, and Typhlodromips paramilus n. sp. Nuvoloni & Lofego, and three new records for this host are presented. The species composition was more related with the records of the northern Brazilian Region, than with that of Southeastern and Midwestern.
New combinations and a new generic synonym in the genus Taeniothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: MIRAB-BALOU MAJID , MOUND LAURENCE A. , TONG XIAO-LI
Published: June 2015

Reasons are provided for considering Javathrips as a new synonym of Taeniothrips, resulting in the following new combinations: Taeniothrips ciliaris (Reyes) comb.n., Taeniothrips musae (Zhang & Tong) comb.n., and Taeniothrips variegatus (Reyes) comb.n. Also recognised here are the following nomenclatural changes: Taeniothrips grisbrunneus (Feng, Chou & Li) comb.n. (from Megalurothrips), and Yaothrips pediculae Han comb.n. (from Taeniothrips) with Yaothrips shii Mirab-balou et al. syn.n. Taeniothrips musae is redescribed and illustrated.
Two new species of Medetera Fischer von Waldheim (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Russia and Mongolia
Authors: NEGROBOV OLEG P. , NAGLIS STEFAN
Published: June 2015

Two new species Medetera sakhalinensis Negrobov & Naglis sp. nov. from Russian Far East (Sakhalin) and M. emeljanovi Negrobov & Naglis sp. nov. from Mongolia are described and differential diagnosis are given.
Description of Duttaphrynus atukoralei (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles from Sri Lanka
Authors: BOPAGE MALAKA M. , WEWELWALA KRISHAN , KRVAVAC MILIVOJE , JOVANOVIC OLGA
Published: June 2015

Duttaphrynus atukoralei (Bogert & Senanayake, 1966) is a relatively abundant toad known from Southern and Southeastern Sri Lanka. It occurs from sea level up to ~200 m above sea level (IUCN 2014). For almost half a century since its original description there was no information on its life cycle; the only information available is related to its description and distribution (Dutta & Manamendra-Arachchi 1996; Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda 2006).
A review of the current state of knowledge of fossil Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera)
Authors: JEPSON JAMES E.
Published: June 2015

There are 32 individual specimens of Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) currently recorded from the fossil record, the oldest of which dates back to the Lower Jurassic. These include 19 described species (in 16 genera), 1 specimen described to genus level and 9 unnamed specimens The specimens have been assigned to the extant subfamilies Drepanicinae (4), Mantispinae (10), Symphrasinae (1), and the extinct subfamily Mesomantispinae (16), with one incertae sedis within Mantispidae. There are currently no known fossil representatives of the subfamily Calomantispinae. Mesithoninae has been removed from Mantispidae and placed back within Berothidae. The species Mesithone carnaria and M. monstruosa, however, are true mantispids and have been removed from Mesithone and placed within a new genus Karataumantispa gen. nov. in the subfamily Mesomantispinae. The current state of knowledge of the fossil record of Mantispidae is reviewed and a key to the genera of Mesomantispinae is provided.
The genus Danielithosia Dubatolov & Kishida, 2012 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in Cambodia, with description of one new species
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , DUBATOLOV VLADIMIR V. , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: June 2015

Although the arctiine fauna of Cambodia remains poorly known, considerable progress has been made over the last seven years (Bucsek, 2012; Cerny & Pinratana, 2009; Bae et al., 2012; Dubatolov, 2012, 2013; Dubatolov et al., 2012, 2013). The genus Danielithosia (Arctiinae) was established by Dubatolov and Kishida (2012), with the type species Tigrioides aureolata Daniel, 1954 from Fujian, Sichuan, and Zhejiang, China. To date, this genus comprises 11 species in the world, most of which are distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Dubatolov, 2013). The genus Danielithosia can be recognized by the following characters: sacculus with a characteristic broadening subapically; juxta long, with a long sclerotized bifurcated process apically (Dubatolov et al., 2012). In Cambodia, only one species, D. hoenei Dubatolov, 2013, has been reported (Dubatolov, 2013), and we here describe one new species from Cambodia. Terminology in this paper follows Dubatolov et al. (2012), and the specimens used in this study are deposited in the collection of Incheon National University (INU), on indefinite loan from Cambodia.
Cherax (Astaconephrops) gherardii, a new crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: PATOKA JIŘÍ , BLÁHA MARTIN , KOUBA ANTONÍN
Published: June 2015

Cherax (Astaconephrops) gherardii n. sp. is a moderate burrowing crayfish endemic to the Ajamaru Lakes of West Papua, Indonesia. This species is one of the crayfish species from this region that are exploited for ornamental purposes. Its commonly used commercial name in the pet trade is “Rainbow Crayfish” or “Blue Moon Crayfish”, and its native name is “udang kuku biru”. The new species is genetically and morphologically similar to Cherax boesemani, however, both species may be easily distinguished morphologically or by using sequence divergence, which is substantial for considering C. gherardii n. sp. to be a valid species.
New and little known digger wasps of the genus Ammophila W. Kirby, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) from Central Asia
Authors: DANILOV YURIY N.
Published: June 2015

Five species of Ammophila are treated. The lectotype of Ammophila separanda F. Morawitz, 1891 is designated and illustrated. The holotype of Ammophila cellularis Gussakovskij, 1930 is redescribed and illustrated. Two new species, Ammophila barkalovi sp. nov. (Kazakhstan) and A. pevtsovi sp. nov. (China), are described and illustrated. The hitherto unknown female of A. vetuberosa Li & Yang, 1994 is described.
Could Poor Parental Recall of HPV Vaccination Contribute to Low Vaccination Rates?
Authors: Apte Gauri , Pierre-Joseph Natalie , Vercruysse Jessica L. , Perkins Rebecca B.
Published: June 2015

Introduction. Rates of initiation and completion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series remain below national goals. Because parents are responsible for ensuring vaccination of their children, we examined the accuracy of parental recall of the number of shots their daughters received. Methods. Parents/guardians of girls aged 11 to 17 years were asked to recall the number of HPV doses received by their daughters. Dose number was confirmed using provider-verified medical records. Logistic regression assessed variables associated with correct recall. Results. A total of 79 (63%) parents/guardians correctly identified the number of shots their daughters received. Ninety-one (73%) were aware of whether their daughter started the series at all. The only factor significantly associated with accurate recall in logistic regression models was female gender of parent/guardian. Conclusion. Nearly 40% of parents/guardians inaccurately recalled the number of HPV shots their children received, which may contribute to low rates of vaccine initiation and completion.
Subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate to pregnant mice reduces weight gain in pups during lactation
Authors: Park Ji-Hun , Choi Tae-Saeng
Published: June 2015

Administering monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal rodents induces obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, several studies have shown that MSG administered to pregnant animals can cross the placenta and reach the foetus. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of administering MSG to pregnant ICR mice on dam and neonatal growth. Pregnant mice were treated with 60 or 120 mg MSG once daily from day 5 of pregnancy to one day before parturition by subcutaneous injection. In addition, the body weights of the neonates were determined until nine weeks of age. The birth weights of neonates were not different between the control and MSG-treated groups. However, MSG treatment resulted in a lower body weight gain of neonates during lactation. In addition, this underweight of the MSG-treated group at weaning returned to normal compared with the control group at five weeks of age. Cross-fostering experiments indicated that the lower body weight gain of neonates in the MSG-treated group during lactation was due to its effects on the dam. Serum prolactin levels and mammary gland development of the mice were examined next to determine the reasons for this lactation problem. Although there were no differences in prolactin levels, morphological analyses of the mammary glands revealed apparent differences, including low numbers and altered phenotype of alveoli, between the control and MSG-treated groups. Taken together, our results show that treating pregnant mice with excess MSG induced lower neonate body weight gain during lactation.
Does Employment Protection Legislation Matter in Dualistic Labor Market? Panel Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Sofi Irfan Ahmad , Sharma Pritee
Published: June 2015

The critics of pro-worker labor laws argue that employment protection legislation (EPL) hurts productivity and employment generation by creating rigidity in employment adjustments. The discourse on labor market rigidity has taken center stage in this neo-liberal phase of the global economy and is now being echoed by the state as well. However, the sharp growth in informal employment over the last two decades, cutting across developing as well as developed countries, puts a question mark over the tenability of the “flexibility thought” invoked by employers while demanding abrogation of job security legislation. In this study, we argue that there exists a substantial flexibility in contemporary labor markets. Using a panel dataset on twenty-eight industrial sectors across thirteen major states of India for the period 1999-2000 to 2007-2008, we find that EPL does not affect total factor productivity of industries. The impact of EPL is not significant even in highly volatile industries. The paper underlines the failure of the state to translate EPL into meaningful job security. The findings of this study suggest that the debates on labor regulations must be expanded to bring into its focus the issues of growing informalization and its consequences on workers.
Craniofacial Resection for T4 Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma
Authors: Nishio Naoki , Fujimoto Yasushi , Fujii Masazumi , Saito Kiyoshi , Hiramatsu Mariko , Maruo Takashi , Iwami Kenichiro , Kamei Yuzuru , Yagi Shunjiro , Takahashi Masakatsu , Hayashi Yuichiro , Ando Atsushi , Nakashima Tsutomu
Published: June 2015

Objective

The objective of this study was to clarify the outcomes of craniofacial resection for locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma classified as T4 and to present methods for managing cases involving the skull base.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

We performed anterolateral craniofacial resection in en bloc fashion for locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma at stage T4. Participants comprised 40 patients with T4 maxillary sinus carcinoma treated between 1992 and 2011. Surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Forty patients with stage T4a (n = 26) or stage T4b (n = 14) were included in this study. Five‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for the 40 patients with T4 maxillary sinus carcinoma were 62.7% and 52.6%, respectively. Cavernous sinus involvement correlated significantly with worse prognosis (P =. 012). In 35 cases without cavernous sinus involvement, previous treatment (P =. 017) and positive margins (P =. 019) correlated significantly with worse prognosis, and 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 72.4% and 55.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study only included cases of locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma classified as T4. Considering the advanced stage, our study suggests relatively favorable outcomes and the importance of managing the cavernous sinus in en bloc resections of malignant skull base tumors. Craniofacial resection in en bloc fashion achieved good survival rates.
Postmarket Modifications of High‐Risk Therapeutic Devices in Otolaryngology Cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Rathi Vinay K. , Ross Joseph S. , Samuel Andre M. , Mehra Saral
Published: June 2015

Objective:

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants initial marketing clearance for novel high‐risk medical devices via the premarket approval (PMA) pathway, which requires clinical data demonstrating safety and effectiveness. Manufacturers may subsequently file supplemental PMA applications (supplements) to implement incremental device changes, usually without additional clinical data. Given the potentially significant clinical implications of using new device models, this study characterized the frequency and nature of changes to high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices cleared via the PMA pathway.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

FDA PMA database.

Methods:

Original high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices and supplements were identified. Supplements were characterized by clearance date, change type, and review track, including real‐time (design‐minor) and 180‐day (design‐major) tracks. Median device lineage life span (postmarket period over which changes occurred) and median number of changes per original device were calculated.

Results:

Through 2014, the FDA cleared 14 original high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices via the PMA pathway and 528 incremental changes via supplements. Devices were modified over a median 10.5‐year life span (interquartile range, 4.4‐15.8; range, 0.7‐24.1), and they underwent a median 22 changes (interquartile range, 10‐70; range, 2‐108). Over half (272 of 528; 52%) altered device design, most of which were reviewed via the 180‐day track (199 of 272; 73%) intended for major design changes. Few real‐time design changes (11 of 73; 15%) were designated by the FDA as “minor.”

Conclusion:

A substantial number of incremental changes have been made to high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices over time, including many major design changes without supporting clinical data.
Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Thottam Prasad John , Choi Sukgi , Simons Jeffrey P. , Kitsko Dennis J.
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To determine and quantify changes in both central and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Down syndrome (DS) after adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care children’s hospital.

Subjects and Methods

The records of all patients with DS who underwent AT for sleep‐disordered breathing between November 2008 and December 2014 were examined. In total, 113 patients were identified, and 36 of these patients had pre‐ and postoperative polysomnograms (PSGs) that were analyzed for obstructive and central components. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, paired t test, and McNemar test were used to examine pre‐ and postoperative PSG differences. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis of variance of patient characteristics (between subjects) and PSG results (within subjects) were conducted.

Results

The mean (SD) patient age was 5.5 (4.0) years (range, 0.9‐15 years); 50.0% were male. After AT, significant reductions were identified in both obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) (P <. 001) and overall AHI (P <. 001). Among the 15 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea, 86.7% experienced a significant AHI reduction to moderate or mild disease (P <. 001). In addition, of the 15 patients with central sleep apnea (central apnea index [CAI] >1), 66.7% had resolution of central sleep apnea postoperatively (P =. 004). There was also a significant interaction identified between CAI reduction, preoperative CO2 retention, and adenoid size, F(2, 20) = 6.87, P =. 05.

Conclusion

Children with DS who underwent AT demonstrated significant reductions in both obstructive and central apneic indices on PSG. A significant number of patients with central sleep apnea demonstrated resolution postoperatively. Additional analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between CO2 retention, adenoid size, and postoperative CAI reduction.
Large tracheobronchial fistula due to esophageal stent migration: Let it be!
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Esposito Giuseppe , Pedicelli Ilaria , Reginelli Alfonso , Esposito Pasquale , Santini Mario
Published: June 2015

We report tracheal-bronchial migration of a covered esophageal self-expanding metal stent used to relieve dysphagia in a patient with advanced esophageal cancer. The stent eroded the trachea and completely occluded the main left bronchus. Surgery was contraindicated due to her poor clinical condition, and insertion of another stent in the trachea, esophagus, or both was contraindicated due to extension of the fistula. Esophageal exclusion with a combination of cervical esophagostomy and an enteral feeding tube was the only feasible treatment to minimize spoilage by aspirated saliva and provide enteral nutrition.
Cardiac herniation after left intrapericardial pneumonectomy
Authors: Alimi Faouzi , Marzouk Mohamed , Mgarrech Imen , Chemchik Haythem , Limayem Faouzi
Published: June 2015

Postoperative cardiac herniation is a rare fatal complication that requires urgent surgical reduction and closure of the pericardial defect. Cardiac herniation occurred 8 h after a left intrapericardial pneumonectomy. Although the patient was completely asymptomatic, acute hemodynamic failure with electrocardiographic changes occurred. Chest radiographs were not helpful in showing cardiac herniation. The patient was immediately brought back to the operating room. Cardiac herniation was found to be caused by a pericardial defect, and the heart was strangulated at the atrioventricular groove level. The heart was repositioned, but hemodynamic instability inherent to ischemic strangulation lesions persisted despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Spouse cancer caregivers’ burden and distress at entry to home hospice
Authors: Reblin Maija , Donaldson Gary , Ellington Lee , Mooney Kathi , Caserta Michael , Lund Dale
Published: June 2015

High-quality relationships may be protective for family caregivers. This study focuses on relationship quality categories (supportive and ambivalent) in spouse caregivers in cancer home hospice. The goals of this article are to, first, describe relationship quality categories among end-of-life caregivers and, second, test the effects of relationship quality categories on caregiver burden and distress within a stress process model. Using questionnaire data collected at entry to home hospice, we found relationship quality categories were proportionally similar to those seen in noncaregiver older adults. Relationship quality significantly predicted caregiver burden, which completely mediated the relationship between caregiver relationship quality and distress. Caregivers whose social contexts place them at risk for greater distress may benefit from increased clinical attention or intervention.
Broad and Narrow Personality Traits Predicting Academic Achievement Over Compulsory Schooling
Authors: Zupančič Maja , Kavčič Tina , Slobodskaya Helena R. , Akhmetova Olga A.
Published: June 2015

Incremental predictive value of 5 broad and 13 narrow personality traits for academic achievement over and beyond age, gender, parental education, and country was examined in Russian and Slovene 8- to 15-year-olds. Personality data were collected from mothers (Russia: N = 994, Slovenia: N = 624) and adolescents (Russia: N = 481, Slovenia: N = 310) using the Inventory of Child Individual Differences–Short. Final grades in mathematics and Russian/Slovene language were considered as measures of academic success. The broad and the narrow traits predicted the grades, improving the criteria variance by 11% to 14% and 15% to 19%, respectively, over the background variables. Across the countries, informants and school subjects, younger age, higher parental education, female gender, openness (especially subjectively perceived intelligence), and low extraversion predicted academic achievements. Mother-assessed conscientiousness (especially low distractibility) was also predictive of school grades.
Understanding the Harms and Benefits of Cancer Screening
Authors: Petrova Dafina , Garcia-Retamero Rocio , Cokely Edward T.
Published: June 2015

Objective. Decisions about cancer screenings often involve the consideration of complex and counterintuitive evidence. We investigated psychological factors that promote the comprehension of benefits and harms associated with common cancer screenings and their influence on shared decision making. Methods. In experiment 1, 256 men received information about PSA-based prostate cancer screening. In experiment 2, 355 women received information about mammography-based breast cancer screening. In both studies, information about potential screening outcomes was provided in 1 of 3 formats: text, a fact box, or a visual aid (e.g., mortality with and without screening and rate of overdiagnosis). We modeled the interplay of comprehension, perceived risks and benefits, intention to participate in screening, and desire for shared decision making. Results. Generally, visual aids were the most effective format, increasing comprehension by up to 18%. Improved comprehension was associated with 1) superior decision making (e.g., fewer intentions to participate in screening when it offered no benefit) and 2) more desire to share in decision making. However, comprehension of the evidence had a limited effect on experienced emotions, risk perceptions, and decision making among those participants who felt that the consequences of cancer were extremely severe. Conclusions. Even when information is counterintuitive and requires the integration of complex harms and benefits, user-friendly risk communications can facilitate comprehension, improve high-stakes decisions, and promote shared decision making. However, previous beliefs about the effectiveness of screening or strong fears about specific cancers may interfere with comprehension and informed decision making.
Six-degree-of-freedom magnetic actuation for wireless microrobotics
Authors: Diller Eric , Giltinan Joshua , Lum Guo Zhan , Ye Zhou , Sitti Metin
Published: June 2015

Existing remotely actuated magnetic microrobots exhibit a maximum of only five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) actuation, as creation of a driving torque about the microrobot magnetization axis is not achievable. This lack of full orientation control limits the effectiveness of existing microrobots for precision tasks of object manipulation and orientation for advanced medical, biological and micromanufacturing applications. This paper presents a magnetic actuation method that allows remotely powered microrobots to achieve full six-DOF actuation by considering the case of a non-uniform magnetization profile within the microrobot body. This non-uniform magnetization allows for additional rigid-body torques to be induced from magnetic forces via a moment arm. A general analytical model presents the working principle for continuous and discrete magnetization profiles, which is applied to permanent or non-permanent (soft) magnet bodies. Several discrete-magnetization designs are also presented which possess reduced coupling between magnetic forces and induced rigid-body torques. Design guidelines are introduced which can be followed to ensure that a magnetic microrobot design is capable of six-DOF actuation. A simple permanent-magnet prototype is fabricated and used to quantitatively demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical model in a constrained-DOF environment and qualitatively for free motion in a viscous liquid three-dimensional environment. Results show that desired forces and torques can be created with high precision and limited parasitic actuation, allowing for full six-DOF actuation using limited feedback control.
Unwilling Grooms in Fourteenth-century Lucca
Authors: Wieben Corinne
Published: June 2015

Quantitative studies of tax and court records have suggested that medieval Italian marriage negotiations involved a powerful older groom who might easily dominate his much younger bride. This article complicates this picture by qualitatively analyzing two marriage disputes from fourteenth-century Lucca featuring young boys depicted as passive victims of arranged marriages and forced consent. These unwilling grooms, who lacked the power and agency belonging to the average medieval Italian man, reveal that litigants and their representatives constructed the identity of unwilling grooms from a palette of options relying on the intersection of age, gender, and social status.
Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Authors: Alteri Ashley M.
Published: June 2015

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act were signed into law. These Acts include a provision governing “reasonable break time for nursing mothers” for those employers and employees covered under the Fair Labor Standards Act. However, neither these Acts, nor the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, nor Title VII, nor the Americans with Disabilities Act expressly protect women from discrimination resulting from her choice to lactate at work (to include either feeding a child directly from the breast or by expressing milk to be used at a later time). Accordingly, this article examines how federal courts have treated claims of breastfeeding discrimination at work. Although courts have generally been unsympathetic to these claims, employers should consider proactive accommodation measures because recent cases indicate that courts may be willing to entertain these claims.
An Ecological Approach to Understanding Adolescent Prescription Drug Misuse
Authors: Conn Bridgid Mariko , Marks Amy K.
Published: June 2015

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among U.S. adolescents is a burgeoning public health problem. Previous studies have observed differences in rates of NMUPD among ethnic/racial groups. However, less is known on the social and cultural processes and mechanisms, which may influence adolescents’ prescription drug beliefs and practices. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 diverse 13- to 17-year-olds in an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit to elicit in-depth, context-sensitive information about social factors relevant to NMUPD. Data analysis was completed using grounded theory and interpreted with a social ecological approach. Results highlighted the myriad of important contextual influences on adolescent NMUPD. Responses reflected factors within microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem contexts as well as important intrapersonal factors. Furthermore, adolescents who identified as an ethnic minority also described cultural values (e.g., religion) and culturally based beliefs (e.g., mental health stigma), which influenced their prescription drug beliefs. Narratives revealed the interplay between intrapersonal factors and socialization agents, such as parents, peers, and the media, influencing prescription drug behavior. Our findings present ecologically framed insights as a first step in understanding this health risk behavior among U.S. adolescents. Implications as well as important next steps for future research and interdisciplinary prevention and intervention program development are discussed.
Up for Grabs? Sexual Objectification as a Mediator Between Women’s Alcohol Use and Sexual Victimization
Authors: Haikalis Michelle , DiLillo David , Gervais Sarah J.
Published: June 2015

Sexual objectification, the tendency to reduce women to their bodies, body parts, or sexual functions for use by others, has been theorized to set the stage for more severe acts of violence but has been largely absent from the existing sexual victimization literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of sexual objectification in mediating the well-established link between women’s alcohol use and sexual victimization. A large sample of undergraduate women ( N = 673) reported their alcohol use (frequency and quantity), experiences of sexual objectification (body evaluation and unwanted explicit sexual advances), and sexual victimization. Results indicated positive bivariate correlations among all study variables. Path analyses showed that mild forms of sexual objectification (body evaluation) mediated the link between the frequency of alcohol use and more extreme forms of sexual objectification (unwanted advances). Furthermore, the combined effect of sexual objectification (body evaluation and unwanted advances) mediated the link between alcohol use (frequency and quantity) and sexual victimization. The current findings are among the first to evaluate sexual objectification as a mechanism in the link between alcohol use and sexual victimization. Results suggest that efforts to prevent alcohol-related sexual violence may benefit from addressing sexual objectification.
Humour in Joseph and Aseneth
Authors: Standhartinger Angela
Published: June 2015

There is a growing consensus that Joseph and Aseneth belongs to the genre of the ancient novel. One of this genre's origins seems to have been comedy and mime. This article argues that the basic plot of Joseph and Aseneth does indeed contain comical features. The story is coloured by persiflage and parodist imitations of biblical accounts, especially the wife of Potiphar story (Gen. 39), remodeled three times in Joseph and Aseneth 4, 7, and 23, and the story of David and Goliath (1 Sam. 17), retold with some critical modifications in Joseph and Aseneth 26–29. Moreover the comical figure ‘braggart soldier’, well known from the New Comedy, lurks at some points behind the characters of Joseph and Simon. While it remains impossible to say with certainty what features ancient readers considered funny, this article places some readings into the ancient discourse on Jewish identity in the Hellenistic or Early Roman world.
A Possible Origin of the Eleventh Day of the Eighth Month as the Date of Rachel's Death
Authors: Ron Zvi
Published: June 2015

This article examines the possible origin of the traditional date of the matriarch Rachel's death, the eleventh day of eighth month. Noting that significant births are often associated with significant dates in the Jewish calendar, this article looks at the evidence provided in the book of Jubilees and the Temple Scroll from Qumran, Rachel's death is shown to be connected with a significant day, the day directly following the conclusion of the harvest period.
4 Ezra 5.33–40 in a Bilingual Copto-Arabic Holy Week Lectionary
Authors: Suciu Alin
Published: June 2015

The text of 4 Ezra is attested in numerous ancient languages, including a couple of Sahidic Coptic fragments. The focus of this article is to introduce a new Sahidic fragment of 4 Ezra, which is preserved in a bilingual Copto-Arabic Holy Week lectionary from the Monastery of Apa Shenoute. The leaves of this lectionary are scattered in different collections across the world. This article provides an edition of the newly identified fragment, together with a paleographical inspection, codicological reconstruction of the manuscript to which it originally belonged and an analysis of the text.
Optimized bolt tightening procedure for different tightening strategies—FEA study
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Khan Ayesha , Hussain Masroor , Wajid Hafiz Abdul
Published: June 2015

This paper presents results of detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of gasketed bolted flange pipe joints of different sizes (1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 in.) of 900# pressure class for achieving proper preload close to the target stress values with and without considering yielding at bolt and flange and gasket crushing recommended by ASME and industrial guidelines for optimized performance using customized optimization algorithm. In addition, two strategies torque control method and stretch control method are used which is a normal practice in the industry.
Recent Trends in National Policy on Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education
Authors: Læssøe Jeppe , Mochizuki Yoko
Published: June 2015

Climate change education (CCE) is a new phenomenon which is gaining increasing significance in the work of international organizations and international non-governmental organizations. Based primarily on a cross-national desk study of national policy documents relevant to CCE in 17 countries, which was commissioned by UNESCO to gain a robust contextualized understanding of national CCE policies to inform UNESCO’s guidelines on CCE in the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), this article argues that CCE, since 2008, has become an issue for policy making in countries ranging from the least developed countries to emerging economies and developed countries. The article seeks to answer two questions. First, how does CCE relate to ESD? Second, what specific roles do national governmental institutions play in the governance of ESD and CCE? The overall trend identified by the cross-national analysis is convergence, rather than divergence, between CCE and ESD; ESD is seen either as an overarching label that encompasses CCE or as a separate effort yet interlinked with CCE. Another trend identified is that CCE, as well as ESD, is approached with ‘soft’ governance instruments such as consultations, networking structures and provision of guidance, rather than regulations. The article highlights the specific meta-governance role to be played by national governments, including ensuring norm supporting structures at the systemic level.
Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education in China: A Status Report
Authors: Han Qingqing
Published: June 2015

Recognizing the significance of education in promoting sustainable development (SD), China has developed a number of policies and initiatives relating to education for sustainable development (ESD) and climate change education (CCE). The article first reviews China’s national policies and initiatives with regard to SD, climate change, education, ESD and CCE. Second, it investigates the educational approaches adopted in the implementation of ESD and CCE in China, including the establishment of ESD schools and districts, curriculum development, the promotion of the ESD teaching and learning model, thematic activities, and the monitoring and evaluation mechanism. Third, a number of characteristics of ESD in China are analyzed in the article. For example, ESD in China is considered as a way to quality education; and it follows a whole school approach and often requires cross-sectoral cooperation. Last, the article identifies several main challenges faced with the ESD and CCE work in China and provides some feasible solutions to these challenges.
Sleep and Quality of Life in People With COPD
Authors: Dignani Lucia , Toccaceli Andrea , Lucertini Carla , Petrucci Cristina , Lancia Loreto
Published: June 2015

Sleep disorders are very common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not clear how sleep disorders and quality of life (QoL) affect each other in the different stages of disease progression. This descriptive-correlational study investigated the relationship between QoL, quality of sleep, and degree of disease progression in 102 outpatients with COPD. The results showed that the QoL in patients with COPD is compromised and worsens with disease progression, and the quality of sleep is significantly associated with QoL and worsened as the disease progressed. The early identification of a risk of alteration of the quality of sleep, especially in nursing care, could facilitate a preventive approach for COPD patients that could positively affect their QoL.
Managerial Gender Diversity and Firm Performance
Authors: Schwab Andreas , Werbel James D. , Hofmann Heike , Henriques Paulo L.
Published: June 2015

This study examines the relationship between managerial gender diversity (MGD) and firm performance. It outlines how extremely low and extremely high levels of MGD can trigger group processes that can impede the attainment of the performance benefits associated with moderate levels of MGD. Findings from longitudinal panel data from financial service firms in Portugal suggest that the effects of MGD on firm performance are best captured by a non-linear function with two breaking points. This study introduces a framework that combines different theoretical perspectives focused on tokenism, subgroup formation, divergent thinking, and other group processes linked to positive and negative gender-diversity consequences. Corresponding overall firm-performance outcomes are contingent upon the level of MGD.
Essential Tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D.
Published: June 2015

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological diseases, with an estimated 7 million affected individuals in the United States. Postmortem studies in the past few years have resulted in new knowledge as well as a new formulation of disease pathophysiology. This new formulation centers on the notion that ET might be a disease of the cerebellum and, more specifically, the Purkinje cell (PC) population. Indeed, several investigators have proposed that ET may be a “Purkinjopathy.” Supporting this formulation are data from controlled postmortem studies demonstrating (1) a range of morphological changes in the PC axon, (2) abnormalities in the position and orientation of PC bodies, (3) reduction in the number of PCs in some studies, (4) morphological changes in and pruning of the PC dendritic arbor with loss of dendritic spines, and (5) alterations in both the PC-basket cell interface and the PC-climbing fiber interface in ET cases. This new formulation has engendered some controversy and raised additional questions. Whether the constellation of changes observed in ET differs from that seen in other degenerative disorders of the cerebellum remains to be determined, although initial studies suggest the likely presence of a distinct profile of changes in ET.
d-Dimer as a Screening Marker for Venous Thromboembolism After Surgery Among Patients Younger Than 50 With Lower Limb Fractures
Authors: Yang Yong , Zan Pengfei , Gong Jinpeng , Cai Ming
Published: June 2015

Objective:

For the present study, the authors hypothesized that the d-dimer levels would be systematically raised in a postoperative population of patients younger than 50 with lower limb fractures and to define a feasible cutoff value for identification of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods:

Doppler ultrasonography of lower limbs was performed pre- and postoperatively to evaluate for deep vein thrombosis in 150 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Plasma d-dimer levels were assessed 2 days before surgery and on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days after surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out to define a feasible threshold for the d-dimer levels.

Results:

Plasma d-dimer levels were found to be systematically raised postoperatively, and they differed between patients with and without VTE significantly. On the third day after surgery, d-dimer levels of more than 3 mg/L indicated VTE with a sensitivity of 88.37% and a specificity of 96.96%, allowing for the definition of a feasible cutoff value. Duration of surgery, duration of tourniquet, ventilation time, and time of postoperative immobility of lower limbs were identified as highly significant risk factors for the development of VTE.

Conclusion:

Using a threshold of 3 mg/L, the d-dimer levels will screen out VTE with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in younger patients who have undergone ORIF for lower limb fractures.
Efficiency improvement of vehicle active suspension based on multi-objective integrated optimization
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Yinong , Huang Jingying , Zhang Nong
Published: June 2015

Active suspension can effectively resolve the contradictions between vehicle ride comfort and stability. However, a new contradiction between the active suspension performance and efficiency is aroused. Active suspension with excellent performance requires high actuation power and force in an aggressive condition, which is usually an excess capacity for normal conditions. To improve the efficiency and capacity utilization rate, this paper conducted an investigation on the efficiency and utilization rate of vehicle active suspension based on a seven degrees-of-freedom full vehicle mode with a linear quadratic Gaussian active suspension controller. The multiple objectives of active suspension performance and efficiency are integrally optimized via genetic algorithm with an elaborately designed penalty function. The proposed integration of multiple objectives is proved effective according to the comprehensive comparison analysis. The overall performance of the optimized suspension achieved the Pareto optimality. Not only a better balance between the ride comfort and stability is accomplished, but also the active suspension utilization rate is improved. By this method, the obtained Pareto optimality set can greatly improve the parameters matching and design of the active suspension.
Harmonic disturbance attenuation in a three-pole active magnetic bearing test rig using a modified notch filter
Authors: Mahdi Darbandi S , Behzad Mehdi , Salarieh Hassan , Mehdigholi Hamid
Published: June 2015

This study is concerned with the problem of harmonic disturbance rejection in active magnetic bearing systems. A modified notch filter is presented to identify both constant and harmonic disturbances caused by sensor runout and mass unbalance. The proposed method can attenuate harmonic displacement and currents at the synchronous frequency and its integer multiples. The reduction of stability is a common problem in adaptive techniques because they alter the original closed-loop system. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it is possible to determine the stability margins of the system by few parameters. The negative phase shift of the modified notch filter can be tuned to achieve a desired phase margin, while the gain margin can also be adjusted separately. It is shown that the modified notch filter can be designed to suppress multiple harmonics at the same time. It is implemented on a three-pole magnetic bearing test rig to evaluate its performance. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the presented method can be successfully applied to compensate the periodic disturbances such as sensor runout and mass unbalance in active magnetic bearing systems.
Rebound hyperglycaemia in diabetic cats
Authors: Roomp Kirsten , Rand Jacquie
Published: June 2015

Objectives

Rebound hyperglycaemia (also termed Somogyi effect) is defined as hyperglycaemia caused by the release of counter-regulatory hormones in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, and is widely believed to be common in diabetic cats. However, studies in human diabetic patients over the past quarter century have rejected the common occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, we evaluated the occurrence and prevalence of rebound hyperglycaemia in diabetic cats.

Methods

In a retrospective study, 10,767 blood glucose curves of 55 cats treated with glargine using an intensive blood glucose regulation protocol with a median of five blood glucose measurements per day were evaluated for evidence of rebound hyperglycaemic events, defined in two different ways (with and without an insulin resistance component).

Results

While biochemical hypoglycaemia occurred frequently, blood glucose curves consistent with rebound hyperglycaemia with insulin resistance was confined to four single events in four different cats. In 14/55 cats (25%), a median of 1.5% (range 0.32–7.7%) of blood glucose curves were consistent with rebound hyperglycaemia without an insulin resistance component; this represented 0.42% of blood glucose curves in both affected and unaffected cats.

Conclusions and relevance

We conclude that despite the frequent occurrence of biochemical hypoglycaemia, rebound hyperglycaemia is rare in cats treated with glargine on a protocol aimed at tight glycaemic control. For glargine-treated cats, insulin dose should not be reduced when there is hyperglycaemia in the absence of biochemical or clinical evidence of hypoglycaemia.