bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the United States: A multistate, population‐based retrospective study, 1999–2010
Authors: Kapoor Renuka , Kancherla Vijaya , Cao Yanyan , Oleson Jacob , Suhl Jonathan , Canfield Mark A , Druschel Charlotte M , Kirby Russell S , Meyer Robert E , Romitti Paul A
Published: December 2018

Background

Antecedents for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) vary across studies; therefore, we conducted a multistate, population‐based retrospective study of the prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of IHPS in the United States (US).

Methods

Data for IHPS cases (n = 29,554) delivered from 1999–2010 and enumerated from 11 US population‐based birth defect surveillance programs, along with data for live births (n = 14,707,418) delivered within the same birth period and jurisdictions, were analyzed using Poisson regression to estimate IHPS prevalence per 10,000 live births. Additional data on deliveries from 1999–2005 from seven of these programs were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR)s and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s for selected infant and parental characteristics.

Results

Overall, IHPS prevalence from 1999–2010 was 20.09 (95% CI = 19.87, 20.32) per 10,000 live births, with statistically significant increases from 2003–2006 and decreases from 2007–2010. Compared to their respective referents, aPRs were higher in magnitude for males, preterm births, and multiple births, but lower for birth weights <2,500 g. The aPRs for all cases increased with decreasing parental age, maternal education, and maternal parity, but decreased for parental race/ethnicity other than non‐Hispanic White. Estimates restricted to isolated cases or stratified by infant sex were similar to those for all cases.

Conclusions

This study covers one of the largest samples and longest temporal period examined for IHPS in the US. Similar to findings reported in Europe, estimates suggest that IHPS prevalence has decreased recently in the US. Additional analyses supported associations with several infant and parental characteristics.
Robotergestützte, magnetische Ausrichtung von Mikro‐Stahldrahtfasern in dünnwandigen UHPFRC‐Bauteilen
Authors: Ledderose Lukas , Lehmberg Sven , Budelmann Harald , Kloft Harald
Published: December 2018

Mithilfe der robotergestützten magnetischen Verteilung und Orientierung von Mikro‐Stahldrahtfasern in UHPFRC (Ultra‐High Performance Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete) soll der Einsatz von Stahlfasern als dezidiert notwendige Zugbewehrung ermöglicht werden. Ziel ist es, durch die magnetische Ausrichtung der Stahlfasern in der Frischbetonmatrix leistungsfähige Betonbauteile herzustellen. Die vorgestellte Forschung führt Möglichkeiten digitaler und robotergestützter Bauteilfertigung auf der einen Seite mit den Potenzialen der Faserausrichtung zur Steigerung der Materialeffizienz von UHPFRC auf der anderen Seite zusammen. Die gewählte Methode zur Verteilung und Orientierung der Mikro‐Stahldrahtfasern in UHPFRC basiert auf dem physikalischen Phänomen des Magnetismus. Da Mikro‐Stahldrahtfasern ferromagnetisch sind, kann deren Lage im frischen Beton durch Nutzung magnetischer Felder gezielt verändert werden. Die Magnetbehandlung zielt darauf ab, die Lage der Mikro‐Stahldrahtfasern in der Betonmatrix vor dem Erstarren entsprechend dem Kraftfluss in Richtung der Zugtrajektorien auszurichten. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die definierte Anordnung der Fasern in einem Bauteil die Effizienz des eingesetzten Faseranteils signifikant steigert und so neben einer verbesserten Verarbeitbarkeit des Frischbetons zu einer erheblichen Reduktion der eingesetzten Fasermenge führt, womit ein großes Einsparpotenzial an ökologischen und ökonomischen Ressourcen einhergeht.
Gene mutations in a Han Chinese Alzheimer's disease cohort
Authors: Ma Limin , Zhang Jiewen , Shi Yingying , Wang Wan , Ren Zhixia , Xia Mingrong , Zhang Yuanxing , Yang Miaomiao
Published: December 2018

Objective

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by memory loss at disease onset. The gene mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) are the frequent causes of AD. However, the clinical and genetic features of AD overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to identify the clinical and genetic characteristics in a Han Chinese AD cohort.

Methods

Detailed clinical assessment was applied to all the patients. We screened amyloid precursor protein (APP), PSEN1, PSEN2, and microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) genes were assessed in 83 sporadic AD patients by Sanger sequencing. A total of 25 probands from families with AD were subjected to next‐generation sequencing on 53 dementia‐associated genes to capture the target region, and Sanger sequencing was used to detect the variants in the DNA sequence.

Results

PSEN1 p.L226R was found in an early‐onset AD (EOAD) family characterized by language impairment at disease onset, a novel probably pathogenetic variant (p.D534H) was identified in a frontal‐temporal dementia gene, TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) with a typical AD phenotype in a late‐onset AD (LOAD) family, and a PSEN2p.H169N mutation and two benign MAPT (p.Q230R and p.V48L) mutations were detected in three EOAD patients.

Conclusions

Thus, five variants were identified in a Han Chinese cohort. In the present study, a novel, probably damaging FTLD gene TBK1variant with a typical AD phenotype was detected. Also, the phenotypic characteristics of PSEN1 p.L226R, a PSEN2pathogenic mutation, and two likely benign MAPT variants were described. Hence, screening for mutations in other dementia genes could be further explored in clinically diagnosed AD patients.
Electronic and Steric Control of n→π* Interactions: Stabilization of the α‐Helix Conformation without a Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Wenzell Nicole A. , Ganguly Himal K. , Pandey Anil K. , Bhatt Megh R. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Zondlo Neal J.
Published: December 2018

The preferred conformations of peptides and proteins are dependent on local interactions that bias the conformational ensemble. The n→π* interaction between consecutive carbonyls promotes compact conformations, including the α‐helix and polyproline II helix. In order to further understand the n→π* interaction and to develop methods to promote defined conformational preferences through acyl N‐capping motifs, a series of peptides was synthesized in which the electronic and steric properties of the acyl group were modified. Using NMR spectroscopy, van't Hoff analysis of enthalpies, X‐ray crystallography, and computational investigations, we observed that more electron‐rich donor carbonyls (pivaloyl, iso‐butyryl, propionyl) promote stronger n→π* interactions and more compact conformations than acetyl or less electron‐rich donor carbonyls (methoxyacetyl, fluoroacetyl, formyl). X‐ray crystallography indicates a strong, electronically tunable preference for the α‐helix conformation, as observed directly on the φ and ψ torsion angles. Electron‐donating acyl groups promote the α‐helical conformation, even in the absence of the hydrogen bonding that stabilizes the α‐helix. In contrast, electron‐withdrawing acyl groups led to more extended conformations. More sterically demanding groups can promote trans amide bonds independent of the electronic effect on n→π* interactions. Chloroacetyl groups additionally promote n→π* interactions through the interaction of the chlorine lone pair with the proximal carbonyl π*. These data provide additional support for an important role of n→π* interactions in the conformational ensemble of disordered or unfolded proteins. Moreover, this work suggests that readily incorporated acyl N‐capping motifs that modulate n→π* interactions may be employed rationally to promote conformational biases in peptides, with potential applications in molecular design and medicinal chemistry.
Optimal medical therapy vs. coronary revascularization for patients presenting with chronic total occlusion: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score adjusted studies
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , D'ascenzo Fabrizio , Piazza Fabio , De Benedictis Michele , Doronzo Baldassarre , Behnes Michael , Garbo Roberto , Mashayekhi Kambis
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The optimal management of patients with coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains controversial. This meta‐analysis aims to compare percutaneous coronary intervention of CTO (CTO‐PCI) versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in CTO patients.

Methods

A literature search with highly specific terms was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify most relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with propensity score matching (PSM) evaluating differences in between CTO‐PCI versus OMT. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and repeat PCI, re‐PCI) while its single components were defined as secondary endpoints.

Results

A total of eight studies was included, four RCTs and four PSMs. 3,971 patients were included in the analysis (2,050 CTO‐PCI versus 1,921 OMT) with a mean follow‐up of 3 years. No significant differences were found regarding overall MACE, re‐PCI and AMI. Regarding CV‐death, CTO‐PCI was associated with a better outcome compared with OMT driven by PSMs (OR 0.52, 0.0.81, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

As compared to OMT, CTO‐PCI was associated with similar MACE rate; however, CTO‐PCI may be associated with reduced CV death, mainly due to PSMs effect.
Use of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes in Electro‐Organic Synthesis
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: December 2018

Boron‐doped diamond is a powerful and innovative material with outstanding properties, experiencing a strongly emerging interest in the chemical society as electrode material. BDD is generally used as a p‐doped semiconductor that can be applied for the disinfection and detoxification of waste‐water since very reactive intermediates can be formed. Besides this destructive performance of BDD electrodes the extraordinary characteristics can also be successfully employed in electro‐synthetic transformations. The performance is usually beyond and much superior to common electrode materials. A key step for the broad interdisciplinary field of application of this particular electrode material is the direct generation of oxyl radicals by electrochemical oxidation. The intention of this mini‐review is to provide the reader a brief overview of the current state of research and to illustrate the different fields of application. The methods applied are critically reviewed.
Isothiourea‐Catalysed Regioselective Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Axially Chiral Biaryl Diols
Authors: Qu Shen , Greenhalgh Mark D. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: December 2018

An operationally simple isothiourea‐catalysed acylative kinetic resolution of unprotected 1,1′‐biaryl‐2,2′‐diol derivatives has been developed to allow access to axially chiral compounds in highly enantioenriched form (s values up to 190). Investigation of the reaction scope and limitations provided three key observations: i) the diol motif of the substrate was essential for good conversion and high s values; ii) the use of an α,α‐disubstituted mixed anhydride (2,2‐diphenylacetic pivalic anhydride) was critical to minimize diacylation and give high selectivity; iii) the presence of substituents in the 3,3′‐positions of the diol hindered effective acylation. This final observation was exploited for the highly regioselective acylative kinetic resolution of unsymmetrical biaryl diol substrates bearing a single 3‐substituent. Based on the key observations identified, acylation transition state models have been proposed to explain the atropselectivity of this kinetic resolution.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Au Clusters Using Self‐Assembled Tripeptides as Reducing Soft Templates
Authors: Lv Peng , Qiu Lihong , Zhao Cuilian , Fang Guozhen , Liu Jifeng , Wang Shuo
Published: December 2018

In this work, self‐assembling tripeptides as reducing soft templates to synthesize gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is reported for the first time. Three tripeptides (i. e., CFF, FCC, and PCF) are self‐assembled to form soft templates with different morphologies (nanofibers, nanorings and nanoparticles, respectively) by cryogenic treatment under a mixed solvent condition (tetrahydrofuran/water=8/1). All‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to investigate the self‐assembling process of the tripeptides. Polydispersed AuNCs with different Au core can be obtained in presence of the soft templates and the size of AuNCs shows a dependence on the soft templates. The size of AuNCs are determined by the distribution of the −SH sites on the assembled peptides skeletons and steric hindrance of soft templates. A physical model and an equation are proposed to describe the factors determining the size of aggregate AuNCs on soft templates. Finally, fluorescent AuNCs on FCC soft template were applied to bioimaging.
β‐Cyclodextrin‐Decorated Carbon Dots Serve as Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery and Controlled Release
Authors: Yang Ting , Huang Jing‐Li , Wang Yi‐Ting , Zheng An‐Qi , Shu Yang , Wang Jian‐Hua
Published: December 2018

A novel nanocarrier for targeted delivery of anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was fabricated with carbon dots (CDots) as the matrix. Fluorescent CDots capable of targeting folate receptor‐positive cells first conjugate with boric acid and then couple with β‐CD to produce the nanocarrier β‐CD/CDots. DOX was encapsulated into the cavity of β‐CD providing a maximum loading ratio of 27.3% at pH 7.4. Benefiting from pH‐sensitive dissociation of DOX/β‐CD inclusion complex and the cleavage of the bonding between boric acid and β‐CD, pH‐triggered release of drugs was realized, with an 82% release of the loaded drug at pH 5.0. Meanwhile, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurs between CDots (donor) and DOX (acceptor), which may potentially facilitate monitoring/tracing of the drug delivery process. In vitro results further demonstrated the targeting capability of the nanocarrier towards folate receptor‐positive cells. Moreover, confocal microscopy results, in accordance with that of flow cytometry analysis, confirmed the efficient intracellular uptake of DOX‐β‐CD/CDots and sustained release of DOX. This makes DOX‐β‐CD/CDots promising as biocompatible and multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted delivery, controlled release and real time monitoring/tracing of drugs.
Design and evaluation of a parallel document clustering algorithm based on hierarchical latent semantic analysis
Authors: Seshadri Karthick , Iyer K. Viswanathan , S Mercy Shalinie
Published: December 2018

We propose a parallel generalization scheme for Singular Value Decomposition–based clustering algorithms. The scheme enables the clustering algorithm to generate a hierarchy of clusters instead of a flat set of clusters. The generalization scheme infers the number of levels to be formed and the number of clusters per level of the hierarchy automatically without depending on any user‐supplied parameter. The performance of the suggested hierarchical clustering algorithm was evaluated using the web directory taxonomy hosted by the Open Directory DMOZ. Empirical evaluations and statistical tests reveal that the proposed generalization scheme produces a superior cluster hierarchy when compared with two existing generalization techniques in terms of the precision, recall, f‐measure, and the rand index. The generalization scheme is well‐equipped to deal with large datasets and the speed‐up achieved by the parallelized generalization scheme over its sequential variant was measured using a multicore computer.
Effect of H2SO4 Solution Treatment on Adhesion, Charge Transfer, and Catalytic Performance of Screen‐Printed PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Xu Di , Shen Hujiang , Wang Wei , Xie Junjie , Zhang Tao , Yuan Huihui , Li Yuyu , Chen Xinyu , He Yunlong , Zhang Yumei
Published: December 2018

Post‐treatment was performed for poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films screen‐printed on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, to improve their charge transfer efficiency. Different H2SO4 solutions, including concentrated H2SO4 and H2SO4 diluted with H2O or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were adopted during the post‐treatment. The adhesion of the as‐treated films was evaluated by adhesive tape peeling tests, the surface morphology and vertical charge transfer from the films to the substrates were investigated by current‐sensing atomic force microscopy, and the catalytic activities toward I3− reduction of PEDOT:PSS films were characterized by electrochemical measurements. It is discovered that selecting proper H2SO4 solutions is crucial to improve the charge transfer efficiency and catalytic performance while maintaining reliable adhesion of the film on the substrates, with H2SO4/DMSO performing best as the solution for post‐treatment. A mechanistic explanationis proposed based on different interactions among solution, PEDOT:PSS, and the substrate for various post‐treatment solutions.
Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology
Authors: Breslin Jerome W. , Yang Ying , Scallan Joshua P. , Sweat Richard S. , Adderley Shaquria P. , Murfee Walter L.
Published: December 2018

The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:207‐299, 2019.
A Flow Cytometry‐Based Assay for High‐Throughput Detection and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mixed Cell Populations
Authors: Zharkova Olga , Tay Sen Hee , Lee Hui Yin , Shubhita Tripathi , Ong Wei Yee , Lateef Aisha , MacAry Paul Anthony , Lim Lina Hsiu Kim , Connolly John Edward , Fairhurst Anna‐Marie
Published: December 2018

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web‐like structures composed of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial proteins that are released into the extracellular space during microbial infections. This active cell death program is known as NETosis. To date, florescence microscopy is the widely accepted method for visualization and quantification of NETs. However, this method is subjective, time consuming and yields low numbers of analyzed polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) per sample. Increasing interest has emerged on the identification of NETs using flow cytometry techniques. However, flow cytometry analysis of NETs requires particular precautions for sample preparation to obtain reproducible data. Herein, we describe a flow cytometry‐based assay for high‐throughput detection and quantification of NETosis in mixed cell populations. We used fluorescent‐labeled antibodies against cell markers on PMNs together with a combination of nucleic acid stains to measure NETosis in whole blood (WB) and purified PMNs. Using plasma membrane‐impermeable DNA‐binding dye, SYTOX Orange (SO), we found that cell‐appendant DNA of NETting PMNs were positive for SO and DAPI. The combination of optimally diluted antibody and nucleic acid dyes required no washing and yielded low background fluorescence. Significant correlations were found for NETosis from WB and purified PMNs. We then validated the assay by comparing with time‐lapse live cell fluorescence microscopy and determined very good intraassay and interassay variances. The assay was then applied to a disease associated with NETosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined PMA‐induced NETosis in peripheral PMNs from SLE patients and controls and in bone marrow PMNs from multiple murine models. In summary, this assay is observer‐independent and allows for rapid assessment of a large number of PMNs per sample. Use of this assay does not require sophisticated microscopic equipment like imaging flow cytometers and may be a starting point to analyze extracellular trap formation from immune cells other than PMNs. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Performance analysis of the internet‐protocol multimedia‐subsystem's control layer using a detailed queueing Petri‐net model
Authors: Roshani Mozafar , Khorsandi Siavash
Published: December 2018

In the current trend in telecommunications industry towards all‐internet‐protocol (IP) infrastructures, IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) plays a critical role by providing a coherent data and control‐plane solution for large‐scale live multimedia applications in a flexible and cost‐effective manner. On the other hand, such a large‐scale service platform would inevitably fail without effective support for the quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements perceived by its users. Among the most important factors that influence user QoS are system performance and scalability. In this paper, a performance model for IMS systems is developed using the queueing Petri nets (QPNs) as the modeling formalism. The model's parameters are tuned based on the measurements carried out using a well‐known IMS implementation. The model is validated against the real system. During the model calibration, the Java garbage‐collector process used in the home subscriber‐server (HSS) implementation was found to be a main factor in the discrepancy between the model and the reality. In addition, the effects of other factors such as the network stack in the operating system are investigated. The validated model is employed to give insights into the scalability of every single instance of IMS implementation. The model is extended to study load balancing among multiple instances of HSS to remove the main bottleneck in the system. It provides a valuable platform for resource management of various components of the IMS ecosystem to support the intended level of QoS for the users.
MaTRU‐KE: A key exchange protocol based on MaTRU cryptosystem
Authors: Singh Sonika , Padhye Sahadeo
Published: December 2018

We propose a quantum ‐resistant key exchange protocol based on hard problems of lattices using MaTRU cryptosystem as an underlying scheme. A key exchange protocol based on NTRU cryptosystem given by Lie et al is not secure against man‐in‐the‐middle (MITM) attack. To remove this failure and provide a secure protocol, our protocol uses a trusted third party (TTP). Additionally, our protocol is better than NTRU‐KE on efficiency and security point of view. In this paper, we propose key exchange protocol with TTP and without TTP, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of both schemes.
Disentangling olfactory and visual information used by field foraging birds
Authors: Rubene Diana , Leidefors Malin , Ninkovic Velemir , Eggers Sönke , Low Matthew
Published: December 2018

Foraging strategies of birds can influence trophic plant–insect networks with impacts on primary plant production. Recent experiments show that some forest insectivorous birds can use herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to locate herbivore‐infested trees, but it is unclear how birds combine or prioritize visual and olfactory information when making foraging decisions. Here, we investigated attraction of ground‐foraging birds to HIPVs and visible prey in short vegetation on farmland in a series of foraging choice experiments. Birds showed an initial preference for HIPVs when visual information was the same for all choice options (i.e., one experimental setup had all options with visible prey, another setup with hidden prey). However, if the alternatives within an experimental setup included visible prey (without HIPV) in competition with HIPV‐only, then birds preferred the visual option over HIPVs. Our results show that olfactory cues can play an important role in birds’ foraging choices when visual information contains little variation; however, visual cues are preferred when variation is present. This suggests certain aspects of bird foraging decisions in agricultural habitats are mediated by olfactory interaction mechanisms between birds and plants. We also found that birds from variety of dietary food guilds were attracted to HIPVs; hence, the ability of birds to use plant cues is probably more general than previously thought, and may influence the biological pest control potential of birds on farmland.
Boron Nitride Nanosheet Modified Electrode: Preparation and Application to Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin
Authors: Zou Ruyi , Li Xiaobao , Luo Guiling , Niu Yanyan , Weng Wenju , Sun Wei , Xi Jingwen , Chen Yong , Li Guangjiu
Published: December 2018

An ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode (CILE) was prepared with 1‐hexylpyridine hexafluorophosphate (HPPF6) and used as a substrate electrode. Then hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanosheet, myoglobin (Mb) and Nafion were fixed on the electrode surface by coating method to get a new‐style chemically modified electrode (Nafion/Mb/BN/CILE). The morphology and crystal phase of BN nanosheet were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. UV‐Vis and FT‐IR results showed that Mb retained its original conformation in the composite modified film. In phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with pH 3.0, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed to investigate the direct electrochemical behaviour of Mb. A pair of quasi‐reversible redox reaction peaks was obtained on the CV curve, proving that BN nanosheet had good biocompatibility and could accelerate electron transfer between Mb and electrode surface. Electrocatalytic reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was investigated, which was further applied to TCA detection. The catalytic reduction peak current at −0.355 V depended linearly on the TCA concentration in the range of 0.2∼30.0 mmol/L with the equation of Ipc (μA)=6.340 C (mmol/L)+0.305 (r=0.998), and the detection limit was 0.05 mmol/L (3 σ).
Synthesis of magnetic iron‐manganese oxide coated graphene oxide and its application for adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution: Isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Khan Equbal Ahmad , Shahjahan  , Khan Tabrez Alam
Published: December 2018

Adsorptive removal of cationic dyes such as methyl violet (MV) and methyl green (MG) from aqueous solution using magnetic iron‐manganese oxide coated graphene oxide (IMGO) was examined. The IMGO was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The effect of different process parameters such as contact time, IMGO dose, initial dyes concentration, initial solutions pH, and temperature was investigated. The equilibrium experimental data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D‐R), and Temkin isotherm models. The data fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model suggesting multilayer adsorption of dyes onto heterogeneous adsorbent surface. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Qm, mg/g) of IMGO with MV and MG was 172.96 and 195.64, respectively. The data obeyed the pseudo‐second order kinetic model, and the mechanism of adsorption was controlled by both intra‐particle and liquid film diffusion models. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous, endothermic, and physical in nature. The dye‐loaded IMGO was regenerated and used for at least four cycles without any substantial loss of its efficacy. The present adsorptive removal studies of MV and MG revealed that IMGO is an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aquatic system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S214–S229, 2019
Conventional and microwave drying of hydrocarbon cutting sludge
Authors: Tinmaz Köse Esra , Çelen Soner , Çelik Suna Özden
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is to investigate the drying kinetics and determine the effectiveness of conventional and microwave drying processes for drying of hydrocarbon cutting sludge which is one of the most important waste occurring from petroleum and natural gas cutting activities. Drying experiments of hydrocarbon cutting sludge were performed at MW power levels of 120, 460, and 600 W using microwave dryer and at drying temperatures of 140°C and 180°C. The sample weights were selected as 50, 100, and 150 g. Energy consumption values were determined, according to the microwave power levels, drying temperature, drying times, moisture ratio, as 0.01–0.11 kW/h for microwave, and as 0.11–0.55 kW/h for conventional drying processes. The results showed that the microwave drying was the more effective drying process in terms of drying times and energy consumption. Furthermore, as a result of the statistical analysis, the most suitable model among five drying models was determined according to the χ2, es, and r criteria. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13104, 2019
The implications of bias correction methods and climate model ensembles on soil erosion projections under climate change
Authors: Eekhout Joris P. C. , de Vente Joris
Published: December 2018

Climate change will most likely cause an increase in extreme precipitation and consequently an increase in soil erosion in many locations worldwide. In most cases, climate model output is used to assess the impact of climate change on soil erosion; however, there is little knowledge of the implications of bias correction methods and climate model ensembles on projected soil erosion rates. Using a soil erosion model, we evaluated the implications of three bias correction methods (delta change, quantile mapping and scaled distribution mapping) and climate model selection on regional soil erosion projections in two contrasting Mediterranean catchments. Depending on the bias correction method, soil erosion is projected to decrease or increase. Scaled distribution mapping best projects the changes in extreme precipitation. While an increase in extreme precipitation does not always result in increased soil loss, it is an important soil erosion indicator. We suggest first establishing the deviation of the bias‐corrected climate signal with respect to the raw climate signal, in particular for extreme precipitation. Furthermore, individual climate models may project opposite changes with respect to the ensemble average; hence climate model ensembles are essential in soil erosion impact assessments to account for climate model uncertainty. We conclude that the impact of climate change on soil erosion can only accurately be assessed with a bias correction method that best reproduces the projected climate change signal, in combination with a representative ensemble of climate models. ©  2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polychlorinated biphenyl tissue-concentration thresholds for survival, growth, and reproduction in fish
Authors: Berninger Jason P. , Tillitt Donald E.
Published: December 2018

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have left a legacy of environmental contamination. Even though they were banned from production and active use in the 1970s, they persist in the environment and still have the potential to impact aquatic life. Our objective was to identify data from controlled laboratory studies of PCB-related adverse effects in fish and to conduct a meta-analysis on mortality, growth, and reproductive (MGR) threshold responses. For each endpoint type, we compiled data on the lowest-observed-adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) and the degree of effect at the LOAEC as a percentage of control. The LOAECs were expressed as tissue concentrations, so the term lowest-observed-adverse-effect residue concentration (LOAER) was used to represent PCB exposures. The lower limit of applicability was set at 0.1 μg/g total PCB tissue concentration, below which adverse MGR effects in fish were not supported by the data. Sensitivity distributions identifying the probability of adverse effects in fish populations or communities predicted that 25% of fish species would be impacted between 0.1 and 7.5 μg/g. Concentration–response threshold regressions were developed from the MGR datasets. For example, a 1 μg/g total PCB tissue concentration would predict effects of 17% mortality, 15% growth, and 39% reproductive. The analysis determined the degree of adverse response, with uncertainty estimates, expected across a broad range of PCB tissue exposure concentrations in fish. Data generated from MGR endpoints were combined to determine an approach for overall effect thresholds for PCB-related injury in fish. The MGR datasets included only laboratory data; however, responses were compared with field-observed effects. The present review provides a comprehensive assessment of PCB-induced injury in fish utilizing a data-inclusive approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:712–736. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Experimental and numerical study on compressive performance of perforated brick masonry after fire exposure
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Donghao , Xu Qingfeng , Li Weibin
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the compressive performance of perforated brick masonry after fire exposure. Compressive strength tests of the mortar, clay perforated brick, and perforated brick masonry specimens were performed in accordance with ISO834 fire tests of different durations. The temperature distribution of the masonry materials and specimens was simulated using the finite element software ABAQUS, with the thermal parameters of masonry materials recommended by European standard Eurocode 6 and related literature. The compressive strength reduction factors of mortar and clay perforated brick exposed to different fire durations were calculated via the layered method suggested by European standard Eurocode 1. In addition, the compressive strength reduction factors after cooldown were obtained from the experimental data of the masonry materials, and by considering further reductions in the compressive strength after cooling from high temperatures. Experimental data of the masonry specimens were compared with the numerical results obtained using the reduction factors proposed in this work. The comparison revealed an overall acceptable approximation. Thus, the method presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the residual capacity of masonry structures after fire.
Age but no sex effects on subareas of the amygdala
Authors: Kurth Florian , Cherbuin Nicolas , Luders Eileen
Published: December 2018

The amygdala, an anatomical composite of several nuclei that have been grouped anatomically and functionally into three major subareas, has been reported to decrease in size with increasing age and to differ in size between male and female brains. However, findings are rather inconsistent across existing studies, possibly reflecting differences in the cohorts examined or the approaches chosen to define and measure the dimensions of the amygdala. Here, we investigated possible effects of age and sex on the amygdala as well as age‐by‐sex interactions in 100 healthy subjects (50 men/50 women) aged 18–69 years. For this purpose, we enhanced conventional imaging‐based information with microscopically defined cytoarchitectonic probabilities to discriminate between different subareas. We observed significant negative correlations between age and all subareas of the amygdala indicating decreases over time, but with subarea‐specific trajectories. In addition, we detected a significant quadratic association with age for the left superficial subarea suggesting an accelerating volume loss over time. Such regional information may serve as a frame of reference in future studies, not only for normative samples but also potentially for clinical populations known to present with an atypical atrophy of the amygdala. There were no sex differences and no interactions between sex and age, suggesting that the size of the amygdala is similar in male and female brains (at least when properly accounting for total intracranial volume) and that its age‐related decline follows a similar trajectory in both sexes.
MP2RAGEME: T1, T2*, and QSM mapping in one sequence at 7 tesla
Authors: Caan Matthan W. A. , Bazin Pierre‐Louis , Marques José P. , de Hollander Gilles , Dumoulin Serge O. , van der Zwaag Wietske
Published: December 2018

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging generates images of meaningful physical or chemical variables measured in physical units that allow quantitative comparisons between tissue regions and among subjects scanned at the same or different sites. Here, we show that we can acquire quantitative T1, T2*, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) information in a single acquisition, using a multi‐echo (ME) extension of the second gradient‐echo image of the MP2RAGE sequence. This combination is called MP2RAGE ME, or MP2RAGEME. The simultaneous acquisition results in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data, and minimal image quality differences compared to separately acquired data. Following a correction for residual transmit B1+‐sensitivity, quantitative T1, T2*, and QSM values were in excellent agreement with those obtained from separately acquired, also B1+‐corrected, MP2RAGE data and ME gradient echo data. The quantitative values from reference regions of interests were also in very good correspondence with literature values. From the MP2RAGEME data, we further derived a multiparametric cortical parcellation, as well as a combined arterial and venous map. In sum, our MP2RAGEME sequence has the benefit in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data and minor image quality differences.
Role and regulation of proapoptotic Bax in oral squamous cell carcinoma and drug resistance
Authors: Alam Manzar , Kashyap Tanushree , Mishra Prajna , Panda Aditya K. , Nagini Siddavaram , Mishra Rajakishore
Published: December 2018

Background

Bax, a proapoptotic protein but its regulation during oral cancer progression and resistance remains elusive.

Methods

A total of 127 samples including adjacent normal, primary tumor, and resistance to chemoradiation therapy (RCRT) samples from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were used. The status of Bax was analyzed at DNA/mRNA/protein levels and the results were correlated with p53 and Akt expression in tissue samples/cisplatin‐resistant oral tongue SCC (SCC9/SCC4‐CisR) cell line.

Results

Frequent progressive decrease of Bax expression with infrequent promoter methylation, polymorphisms G(‐248)A, and mutations was observed in OSCC progression/resistance. Furthermore, by targeting Akt pathway, induction of Bax‐dependent cell death was observed and this was further enhanced with nimbolide treatment in SCC9/SCC4‐CisR cells.

Conclusion

Hence, the Bax gene alteration and its deregulation through p53/Akt pathway are important for OSCC progression and drug resistance. Akt Inhibitor VIII and nimbolide synergistically induce Bax, and it is therefore beneficial for chemosensitizing cisplatin‐resistant human OSCC.
Gland‐preserving surgery for salivary stones and the utility of sialendoscopes
Authors: Fabie Joshua E. , Kompelli Anvesh R. , Naylor Tate M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lentsch Eric J. , Gillespie M. Boyd
Published: December 2018

Background

Sialoendoscopy is the standard treatment for sialolithiasis; however, some patients may be unlikely to benefit from an endoscopic approach. This study assesses predictors of failure in the endoscopic management of sialoliths.

Methods

Patients treated for sialolithiasis from 2012 to 2017 at two centers were stratified into 3 groups: successful interventional sialendoscopy, incisional sialolithotomy, and gland excision. Patient, disease, and surgical factors were compared.

Results

Interventional sialendoscopy was attempted in 156 of 206 cases and successful for 42 (27%). Endoscopically retrieved calculi were smaller (4.96 mm) compared to incisional sialolithotomy (7.90 mm). Nonendoscopic approaches were required more often in submandibular cases 87% (P ≤ .005). Palpable stones were present in 74% of incisional sialolithotomies (P < .001). Submandibular location (OR 3.50, 1.53‐7.98), palpability (OR 2.74, 1.21‐6.18), CT localization (OR 3.05, 1.32‐7.10, P = .010), and increased diameter (OR 1.25, 1.09‐1.44) were predictive of incisional management.

Conclusion

Stone size/location, CT‐localization, and palpability were predictive of calculi that require an incisional approach. If these factors are recognized, the surgeon can consider proceeding directly to incisional sialolithotomy.

Level of evidence

III
Dependence of grip strength on shoulder position and its implications for ergonomics practice
Authors: Eryiğit Sevim , Uğurlu Ümit
Published: December 2018

Grip strength (GS) variability due to positional changes in the upper extremity joints is of importance while designing workstations and work methods. This study was conducted to analyze the GS variations due to positional changes at shoulder joint when some important variables were under control. The GSs of dominant and nondominant hands were measured in eight shoulder (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° of flexion and abduction) and standard test positions (STP). One hundred and thirteen subjects 20–30 years old completed the study. At the dominant side, no significant difference was observed in the pairwise comparisons between STP and the others. Maximum and minimum GSs were obtained in 0° abduction and 45° flexion and abduction, respectively. At the nondominant side, GSs were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the corresponding test positions and demonstrated more variability. The findings of this study can contribute to the available knowledge to guide occupational ergonomists in their practices.
An investigation of enablers and inhibitors of crowdfunding adoption: Empirical evidence from startups in China
Authors: Yang Qin , Lee Young‐Chan
Published: December 2018

In recent years, crowdfunding has emerged as a new fundraising technique for startup ventures. Crowdfunding allows small businesses and startups to seek funding from a large number of private investors, the so‐called “crowdfunders.” Crowdfunding is beneficial for startup ventures by offering a variety of financial and nonfinancial benefits such as helping to solve funding difficulties, providing value‐added involvement, facilitating access to further funding, and providing publicity. In contrast, diffusion processes of new business innovations have become increasingly complicatedly and multifaceted in recent years. Potential users today are exposed to a wide range of influences that include word‐of‐mouth communications, network externalities, and social signals. Despite the advantages associated with crowdfunding, the crowdfunding industry faces slow rates of diffusion in the Chinese market because crowdfunding ventures often fail to translate into adoption behavior. This study investigates the enablers and inhibitors of crowdfunding adoption intention from the perspective of startups by employing the two‐factor theory, status quo bias theory, and innovation diffusion theory. These theories allow crowdfunding researchers and platform managers to test the relative influence of both reasons for (enablers) and reasons against (inhibitors) crowdfunding adoption in a single framework. In conclusion, considering the phenomenon of startups in China, the results of this study will fill the paucity of empirical research in the innovation resistance area, shedding light on the motivation of entrepreneurs to avoid crowdfunding as a financing course as well as providing crowdfunding managers and policymakers with strategic recommendations.
MicroRNA‐101 protects bladder of BOO from hypoxia‐induced fibrosis by attenuating TGF‐β‐smad2/3 signaling
Authors: Wang Ning , Duan Liujian , Ding Jie , Cao Qifeng , Qian Subo , Shen Haibo , Qi Jun
Published: December 2018

Bladder outlet obstruction is a common disease, which always evokes urinary bladder wall remodeling significantly. It has been suggested that bladder outlet obstruction can make the bladder progression from inflammation to fibrosis, and hypoxia may play a vital role. It has been found the expression of microRNA‐101 varied in bladder after BOO. But what role microRNA‐101 and hypoxia play in bladder is not well known. This study is to investigate the mechanism of microRNA‐101 and hypoxia in fibrosis of bladder after BOO. We found the expression of microRNA‐101 and hif‐1α increased in bladder after BOO. Hypoxia could promote the expression of extracellular matrix subtypes and microRNA‐101 in BSMCs. When microRNA‐101b was translated into BSMCs, the smad2/3 signaling pathway was found to repress. Dual luciferase reporter detected that microRNA‐101b attenuated the TGF‐β signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of TGFβR1. Then, we conclude microRNA‐101b is induced by hypoxia and represses fibrosis of BSMCs by inhibiting the expression of TGFβR1 through TGF‐β signaling pathway, and it may be an anti‐fibrotic miRNA for therapy. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):235–243, 2019
Implications of the presence of an emergency medicine pharmacist during critical care trauma patient resuscitation
Authors: Lamkin Lynn , Lindsey Savannah , Weant Kyle , Shoff Hugh , Pinkston Christina
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The available literature has shown that the presence of an Emergency Medicine Pharmacist (EMP) is associated with decreased time to medication procurement, a reduction in medication errors, and overall cost avoidance. However, there is limited literature that systematically evaluates the impact of EMPs in the treatment of critically ill trauma patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods

This study was a retrospective chart review evaluating 1082 adult patients presenting to the critical care area (CCA) of the ED at the University of Louisville Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky for trauma evaluation from July 2014 to December 2014. The study group consisted of patients presenting to the CCA when an EMP was present. Primary outcomes included time to administration of antibiotics, analgesia medication, sedation medication, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), and anticoagulation reversal. Secondary outcomes included time to administration of appropriate antibiotics at an appropriate dose and vaccination administration.

Results

The presence of an EMP was associated with a statistically significant decreased median time from triage to the administration of an analgesic medication (11 minutes [interquartile range (IQR) 8‐27] vs 13 minutes [IQR 8.5‐20], P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in triage time to antibiotic administration, RSI, sedation medication administration, or anticoagulation reversal. Patients in the EMP group were more likely to receive appropriate empiric antibiotics compared with the control group (80.7% vs 52.2%, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The presence of an EMP was associated with decreased time to analgesia medication administration as well as an increased likelihood of the administration of appropriate empiric antibiotics in critically ill trauma patients.