Advantages of using organic fertilizers to restore the fertility of war-damaged soils
Authors:   SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kakura I.V. , Stankevich V.V. ,   SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kostenko A.I. ,   SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Fedorishina O.M. ,   SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine»
Published: November 2024

The goal of the study is the scientific substantiation of the criteria for the use of fertilizers safe for the health of the population in soil restoration with the implementation of European requirements for the quality of organic materials in order to implement the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine “On measures to increase the level of chemical safety in the territory of Ukraine” (clause 2.3), put into effect the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated March 19, 2021 No. 104/202/ Objects and methods of research. The objects of the research are the physical, chemical and sanitary-toxicological indicators of fertilizers (reports of own research of past years), the conditions of their use according to the nature of the action according to the regulatory and technical documentation agreed in previous years. The work was carried out by the method of hygienic analysis of available data and comparative sanitary-hygienic assessment of the features of the impact on the soil using the analysis of literary data. The research used data from its own laboratory instrumental studies, performed according to approved methods on certified equipment. Research results and discussion. Currently, reclamation measures to restore the state and fertility of the soil are extremely important, they are a guarantee and one of the most important components of the country's food security. The amount of nutrients available to plants in the soil is constantly decreasing, and therefore the main measure to increase productivity in agriculture is the application of various types of fertilizers: mineral, organo-mineral, organic and complex. Fertilizers have the main function of creating optimal harmonic ratios between nutrients in the soil. Based on the analysis of indicators of the main mineral (synthetic) and organic groups of fertilizers, signs of their influence on the condition (structure, physical and chemical properties, fertility) of the soil were established. When using fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), the yield of cultivated agricultural plants increases significantly, but the mobility of nutrients and exchangeable forms of calcium and magnesium in the soil increases dramatically, which disrupts soil processes, in particular, increases acidity, deteriorates physical, physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Long-term application of fertilizers as nutrients leads to deterioration of soil fertility and changes in their structure. Unlike synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers work to improve and restore depleted lands, which leads to improved conditions for plant growth. The greatest advantage of organic fertilizers is a positive natural effect on soil quality indicators, since the introduction of organic substances increases the soil's ability to retain moisture, promotes the restoration of colonies of agronomically useful microorganisms and adds the main nutrients (N, P2O5 and K2O) in a plant-friendly form. For soils affected by military actions, the most effective fertilizers are organic fertilizers, which are able to bind heavy metals with the formation of immobile complexes, contribute to the restoration of microbiota and the humus layer after fire damage. In turn, soil microorganisms participate in the transformation and retention of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which not only prevents the emission of greenhouse gases, but also ensures the absorption of carbon from the atmosphere and the accumulation and retention of it and nitrogen in the soil, contributing to the mitigation of the effects of climate change. In addition, the use of organic fertilizers from natural renewable sources (plants, animal by-products, minerals) creates conditions for the development of organic agriculture with the production of products that are more beneficial for health. Conclusions. It has been established that, by all indications, organic fertilizers are more suitable for the tasks of restoration of disturbed soils and in the future should replace traditional mineral (synthetic) fertilizers and protect the environment. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers and soil improvement mixtures will benefit both the environment and agriculture, as improving the quality of the soil will contribute to the improvement of conditions for plant growth and the nutritional value of agricultural crops, increase yields on a long-term permanent basis and reduce costs for producers. Keywords. Soil, fertility, recovery, organic and mineral fertilizers, nutrients, effect on quality, beneficial effect.