bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Merbecke (1523 (?)–1585)
Authors: Terry R. R.
Published: January 2007

The commonest phenomena in life are (a) oar proneness to take things for granted—to repeat catchwords and shibboleths without thought or reflection, and (b) our blank ignorance of things which we have grown up to regard as most intimate and familiar. Certain names in literature (Shakespeare, for instance) or in music (say Tallis and Byrd) are so constantly on our lips that they have become what we term “Household Words.” But it does not always follow that we are as familiar with the works of such authors as we are with their names. Tallis and Byrd are known to us by only a few of their works, and those not necessarily their best. Merbecke, too, has suffered through becoming a “Household Word”; he has shared the fate of Tallis, Whyte, and Byrd, in being known only by his least distinguished work. No satisfactory biography of him has as yet been compiled. Beyond a short extract in Barney's “History of Music,” and a carol, given in Hawkins' “History of Music,” and republished by the Walter Scott Co., none of his part music has seen the light of print; and any critical examination of him as a composer of polyphonic music has not been attempted. If I ask you, therefore, to bear with me while I set down a “plain, unvarnished tale,” it is chiefly because I should like to share with you a more intimate acquaintance with an unjustly neglected composer, and also that we may try and arrive at some critical understanding of his music, and see it in clearer perspective.
The Musical Cries of London in Shakespeare's Time
Authors: Bridge Frederick
Published: January 2007

Dr. Wheatley, in an article on London in the time of Shakespeare, says, “The Cries in the streets were much the same as those recorded in the 15th Century.” (From “London Luckpenny”). He goes on to mention particularly the Cry of “What d'ye lacke?” and Rock Sampire, Old Boots, Buy a Mat, Small Coal, Green Brooms. Also he mentions the Cries outside the prison doors for the “poor women in the dark dungeons,” and “Bread and Meat for the tender mercy of God to the poor prisoners of the Marshalsea.” He would have been much interested in the complete collection of these old Cries, which are preserved to us in the works of three great musicians who were contemporaries of Shakespeare.
Hand Development for the Performer
Authors: Pitcher R. J.
Published: January 2007

It is no exaggeration to say that the hand has been the greatest factor in arriving at our present state of civilization, and it is almost entirely due to its power of prehension, or grasp. This power of grasp relies, very largely indeed, on the movement of the thumb—and the Greeks felt the thumb to be so important that they called it the other hand.
On the Growth of the Modern Orchestra During the Past Century
Authors: Prout Ebenezer
Published: January 2007

When at the request of your Committee I promised to read a paper before this Association, I asked our secretary how long he wished it to occupy. He said, “About half an hour, or a little more.” My first thought was, how am I to extend what I shall have to say over half an hour? But on beginning to put together my materials, I very soon found that the difficulty would be, not to fill half an hour, but to compress all, or anything like all, that there was to be said on the subject within that space of time. I shall, therefore, have to ask your indulgence for the necessarily incomplete, if not superficial, way in which I shall be obliged to treat my subject; to do it full justice would fill not a paper but a volume.
The Balance of Expression and Design in Music (I)
Authors: Hadow W. Henry
Published: January 2007

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, your Chairman has already taken the first step along the line which he has indicated by asking me to open three Discussions in the course of this the jubilee year of the Association. I sincerely condole with you, for I am afraid you will have had more than you want by the time the thing is over. But I think you will agree with me that when Sir Hugh Allen proposes a thing it saves time in the long run if it is carried out forthwith without any attempt being made to debate or criticise, and, therefore I am here.
The Renascence of Dutch Music
Authors: Antcliffe Herbert
Published: January 2007

Those of us who are students of history know, and those who are readers of Mr. Bernard Shaw's Prefaces take his word for it, that it was not until well on towards the end of what we call the Middle Ages that France and England began to feel and to show a national consciousness, and then only in a vague and indeterminate way. Italy, the Kingdoms and Principalities of Germany, and the Provinces and Countries of the Netherlands arrived at this condition still later. It is not surprising, therefore, that National Music, music which is the unconscious yet definite expression of this feeling, should be a comparatively modern thing. Art belongs to some extent to races and still more to individuals, and it was long before it became a possession of nations as nations. Nations even to-day are so often merely agglomerations of peoples under the government of one king or one state, and so rarely are separate and complete entities in themselves, with common feelings of race or family life, that it is only by long association in work or war, in personal loyalty to a sovereign or in joint effort against a common enemy, that they find and express any feeling which is either common to humanity or antipathetic as between the different peoples or districts making up the nation.
Music at the English Chapels Royal c.1135—Present Day
Authors: Roper E. S.
Published: January 2007

I can do no more than treat briefly the long story of the music at the English Chapels Royal.

It covers with certainty, a period of nearly eight centuries and embraces the musical activities of many of the most prominent musicians that our country has produced. I propose to concentrate mainly upon its early period: and deal concisely with the entries in the Chapel Royal Cheque Book, which you may like to see before leaving the building. Illustrations—which will be sung towards the end of this paper—will stretch from the Tudor period to the present day; and in this way I shall hope to cover, however briefly, the whole story of the music and musicians of the Chapels. We know, of course, that the English, at least as far back as the period of John Dunstable (roughly from 1390 to 1453) were celebrated for their love of music and good voices. Cathedrals, College chapels, and religious houses had their choirs in those comparatively early days. But this is not so remarkable when we realise that references to the choir of the English Sovereign date from 250 years before John Dunstable. Great as we know the influence of the King's Chapel to have been in the Tudor and Restoration periods, we cannot doubt but that it was an even greater incentive to musical effort and development in very early times.
William Lawes and His String Music
Authors: Erlebach Rupert
Published: January 2007

At the Haslemere Festival of 1931, one piece of String Music was so enthusiastically received by the audience that it had to be played three times over. A contemporary account says:—

First place must be given, of course, to the finest compositions of the English school of music for viols. … Matthew Locke's Suite No. 1, for four viols, a Fantasy for six viols by Richard Deering, and, greatest of all, the Fantasy and Ayre No. 1, for six viols by William Lawes. There can remain no doubt that these works and a considerable number of others written for these instruments take their place in the front rank of music, on an equality with the last quartets of Beethoven. (It has been pleasant to find an increasing appreciation shown by the demands for encores of these items, the Lawes Fantasy and Ayre had actually to be given three times.)
A Few Words About Handel
Authors: Cummings William H.
Published: January 2007

My “few words about Handel” will chiefly bear on the question of the spelling of his name.

When some 300 years ago our national dramatist wrote the query, “What's in a name?” he little dreamt of the amount of disputation which would arise in after-times respecting the rightful spelling of his own. Probably many of you have seen the capital little essays on the spelling of Shakespeare's name which have been recently published by Mr. Halliwell-Phillips. Curiously, in the case of Shakespeare the momentous question is about the two letters e and a—and in respect to our great composer it is whether he shall be called Handel or Hendel.
Verdi's Ideas on the Production of His Shakespeare Operas
Authors: Walker Frank
Published: January 2007

It is not generally realised how much Verdi suffered from atrocious productions of his early operas, how much he had this matter at heart in his middle years, nor what energetic measures he afterwards took to remedy things. At the beginning of his career scarcely any consideration was given in Italian theatres to dramatic effect. The opera existed for the singers; the singers themselves were convinced of this, and the public agreed with them. The composer had to adapt himself, and his work, to these conditions, and if he did not, then suitable adjustments were made by others for him.
A London Gild of Musicians, 1460–1530
Authors: Baillie Hugh
Published: January 2007

London in 1500 was not the vast metropolis that we know to-day; it was a small walled city only about one square mile in area. Within that square mile was concentrated much of the wealth of the whole kingdom. The city's prosperity reached a peak in Tudor times when foreign wars closed up avenues of foreign trade upon which Norwich and Bristol relied; as a result of this, London alone, which had built up strong commercial ties with the Netherlands, was able to maintain any substantial continental trade; and here it naturally expanded rapidly. It is important to emphasise this accumulation of wealth in the City, for at a time when the uses of money were much more restricted than they are to-day, the effect was an ever-increasing splendour of religious observances and secular entertainment.
Recorder and German Flute during the 17th and 18th Centuries
Authors: Dolmetsch Carl
Published: January 2007

The Music and instruments of any century generally have their roots in the past, so it should surprise no one that, to assess the relative positions of recorder and flute during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, I begin by stepping well back into the sixteenth. One of the first historical figures which comes to mind in this century is Henry VIII, whose diverse activities included a practical interest in the art of music. His reputation as a collector (in more ways than one) is greatly enhanced by the formidable list of ‘Instruments of Soundrie Kindes’ which was compiled after his death. Recorder enthusiasts will at once recall his seventy-five recorders, while possibly overlooking seventy-two transverse flutes and six fifes (an almost balanced score), not to mention the many other wind, stringed, keyboard and plucked instruments in this lavish collection.
The Use of Song in Shakespeare's Tragedies
Authors: Sternfeld F. W.
Published: January 2007

The Modern student who sets out to gain a clear idea of the concept of tragedy in the age of Shakespeare is dependent on two kinds of sources: those of the living theatre, its playwrights and extant dramas; and the reflections of Elizabethan literary sages concerning the nature of tragedy. The force of humanism in the second half of the sixteenth century was such that ancient precedent pervades both the actual plays and contemporary critical writings. Before proceeding to an examination of Shakespeare's use of song in his mature tragedies, particularly with respect to Othello and Hamlet, I want to consider the role of music in the Elizabethan theatre generally.
Arne: His Character and Environment
Authors: Herbage Julian
Published: January 2007

When William Hayman Cummings Wrote his biography of Arne in the early years of this century, he began the work with a brief preface in order (it would appear) to point the moral of the composer's life.
Musical Coincidences and Reminiscences
Authors: Osborne G. A.
Published: January 2007

You are all aware that the “Musical Association” was established for the spread of musical knowledge. Up to the present time you have had eminent men capable of instructing you in various branches of science and art, and others who, like myself, have given you biographical sketches of celebrated musicians.
The Music of Rumanian Gypsies
Authors: Lloyd A. L.
Published: January 2007

Franz Liszt thought that Hungarian folk music and the music of Hungarian gypsy performers were one and the same thing, and it took years of angry protest and patient exposition by Bartók, Kodály and others to unravel the tangle of ideas resulting from this ‘immortal error’. In Rumania, the connection between peasant music and the music of gypsy professionals is closer than in Hungary, but even so, in style and to some extent in repertory the two musics are distinct. To most of us, Rumanian folk music means fiddle music, fast, furious and exotic. Yet in fact the fiddle is rarely found in the hands of the Rumanian peasant musician. He has his own instruments—giant alphorns, five kinds of bagpipes, and countless forms of flutes. The fiddle, like the cimbalom and the pan-pipes, belongs not to the world of the peasant amateur but to that of the public performer, the professional minstrel, the lautar.
Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791–1864
Authors: Cooper Martin
Published: January 2007

A hundred years after Meyerbeer's death his name can be read a hundred times in the pages of opera-histories for every single time that it appears on the hoardings outside an opera-house. It is, indeed, a name generally dishonoured among musicians, though more by vague generalisation than by detailed criticism. The aesthetic canons of today are as different as possible from those of the French ‘Grand Opera’, which Meyerbeer stabilised and perfected, if he did not invent; and although those canons in many ways resemble those of late seventeenth-century Italian opera—which laid quite as much emphasis on the spectacular element—the French 1830's have decidedly less historical interest for scholars. And so historians are usually content to saddle Meyerbeer with the responsibility for the most conventional passages in the early or middle works of Wagner, Verdi and Bizet without a thought of how this convention was first formed and then came to be accepted by men of such intrinsic originality. Every age numbers some Meyerbeers among its most admired composers—artists, I mean, who will be remembered less for their own works than for the influence they exercised on their successors, for having created the convention which provided the starting-point of new discoveries.
The Anthems of Thomas Weelkes
Authors: Brown David
Published: January 2007

The association's calendar of events for this session announces that this paper is to be a ‘general survey’ of Thomas Weelkes's church music. I trust I shall not incur too much of your displeasure when I say that I am not going to follow this statement of intentions. I have not lightly modified my plans; let me explain the reasons that have induced me to do so. First, the volume of the complete anthems of Weelkes which is promised in Musica Britannica is still, alas, only a promise. It will appear very shortly, but it has proved impossible to have it to hand for this present meeting. This makes a detailed study of the anthems less useful here, for I would be talking about works which, in some cases, my audience would have had no chance of knowing. My decision has also been influenced by the fact that a full study of Weelkes's church music will appear in print in due course. If I may be permitted a ‘commercial’, may I give notice that the American scholar, Walter Collins, and I will in due course be publishing a study of Weelkes in which Dr. Collins will be dealing comprehensively with the church music. I should at this point acknowledge my indebtedness to both Dr. Collins and Dr. Peter le Huray, my fellow editors of the forthcoming Musica Britannica volume; our corporate edition has provided most of the material upon which this paper is based. I must also acknowledge Dr. Collins’ additional work in transcribing all Weelkes's anthems which have survived in a form too fragmentary to make practical publication worth while; I have also been able to make use of these transcriptions. On the other hand, all the ensuing assertions and opinions are ones for which I take the sole responsibility.
MS 1070 of the Royal College of Music in London
Authors: Lowinsky Edward E.
Published: January 2007

Manuscripts of sacred music of the Renaissance fall into various categories. Some of them, like the famed series of codices of the Sistine Chapel, were written for the Church; others, like the parchment choirbooks of Jena, with their magnificent illuminations from the workshop of the famous Alamire, were done for a court chapel; many manuscripts, of modest appearance and written on paper, were executed for the churches of cities.
Operatic Characters and Voice Type
Authors: Mitchells K.
Published: January 2007

In real life as well as on the theatrical stage, the voice is just one out of the many external features of a person such as facial expression, gestures and general appearance which inform us about his inner character. In opera, because of its very nature, the singing voice assumes a more dominant role. In analogy to the visual mask of old (the persona in the original meaning of the word), which conveyed to the theatre audience the character of the dramatic role, the voice type allocated to an operatic part can be regarded as an auditory mask, which through its distinctive tone quality provides an impersonation of the operatic character. In the same way as the visual mask was intended to give a broad idea of the kind of character appearing on the dramatic stage, the auditory mask of the voice type is meant to be expressive of the character type represented by the operatic personage.
Third-Stream Music
Authors: Banks Don
Published: January 2007

The term ‘third-stream music’, coined by the American composer Gunther Schuller in the 1960s, has by now been largely accepted by the musical world as a useful and valid description of a style which is a fusion between jazz and serious music. Admittedly, ‘serious’ is an unsatisfactory word to apply to music, carrying as it does the implication that jazz may not be serious, or that certain pieces by Haydn, Satie or Poulenc, for example, may not be worthy of the label; but within broad limits what is meant by ‘serious’ music will be readily understood. Even the term ‘jazz’, apparently self-explanatory, is not without a certain latitude of meaning: some will maintain that true jazz is negroid in conception, and will discount the contribution made by many white performers and composers. The limits of third-stream music, then, are ill-defined and open to contention: it can mean music played by a symphony orchestra with jazz soloists, or music played solely by a group of jazz musicians. Usually the basic requirement is that it will include musicians capable of interpreting and playing jazz.
Revisions in the Chamber Music of Matthew Locke
Authors: Tilmouth Michael
Published: January 2007

Many of the pieces in Matthew Locke's seven sets of consort music, whose principal source is the great score-book in the British Museum, Add. MS 17801, were subjected to a process of careful and repeated revision. The changes Locke made were sometimes extensive, involving the restructuring of an entire movement, the introduction of new material, or the substantial modification of that existing already. The editor of such works must decide whether he is going to present a single version—in this case presumably the composer's final revision—or to embody the variant readings in a textual commentary, or to print such readings in their entirety as parallel texts. The usefulness of a textual commentary tends to be in inverse proportion to its length: the more variants there are to be listed the less easy it becomes to perceive the overall shape of that version of the text embodying them. In the case of Locke's music ‘For Several Friends’ and the movements of the Flat Consort which were subjected to much change the ideal solution is obviously to print both first and last versions in full. But Locke is after all not Beethoven, and in the recent Musica Britannica edition only the composer's final versions have been presented, with a few examples of movements from the early version of the Flat Consort to illustrate the extent and nature of the modifications. Nevertheless, Locke's revisions are worth considering in some detail, for they reveal a composer with a mind both restless and fastidious. The best point of departure is the autograph score-book itself which Locke entitled ‘Compositions for Broken, and whole Consorts, of two, three, Fower, Five, and Six Parts, made by Matthew Locke, Composer in Ordinary to his Majestye’.
Of Forests and Trees
Authors: Durr Robert H.
Published: January 2007

My aim in this note is not to rejoin the useful comments of Beck and Williams (in this volume) in this symposium, but rather to speculate about the future place of cointegration and error correction in the discipline of political science. Stopping somewhere short of the pejorative “hegemony” Williams anticipates for the ECM framework, I agree that this modeling approach is likely to enjoy wide play in a variety of substantive arenas. As such, I believe it is critical that analysts concerned with advancing cointegration methodology do so with an eye toward not just technical issues, but also questions regarding the theory of cointegration, error correction, and time-series stationarity. Furthermore, if methodological advancements are to be of any real value, they must be accessible to political scientists who, for inexplicable reasons, care not to make econometrics the center of their beings. In short, I am concerned
that we will produce a method (1) dominated by questions of measurement and measurement strategy (at the expense of theory) and (2) inaccessible to (and therefore ignored by) most analysts. Such an evolution would be tantamount to losing the error correction forest for its trees.
Heterozygous Missense Mutations in Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1/Ad4BP, NR5A1) Are Associated with 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development with Normal Adrenal Function
Authors: Lin Lin , Philibert Pascal , Ferraz-de-Souza Bruno , Kelberman Daniel , Homfray Tessa , Albanese Assunta , Molini Veruska , Sebire Neil J. , Einaudi Silvia , Conway Gerard S. , Hughes Ieuan A. , Jameson J. Larry , Sultan Charles , Dattani Mehul T. , Achermann John C.
Published: January 2007

Context: Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1/AdBP4/FTZF1, NR5A1) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating adrenal and gonadal development, steroidogenesis, and reproduction. Targeted deletion of Nr5a1 (Sf1) in the mouse results in adrenal and gonadal agenesis, XY sex-reversal, and persistent Müllerian structures in males. Consistent with the murine phenotype, human mutations in SF1 were described initially in two 46,XY individuals with female external genitalia, Müllerian structures (uterus), and primary adrenal failure.

Objective: Given recent case reports of haploinsufficiency of SF1 affecting testicular function in humans, we aimed to identify SF1 mutations in a cohort of individuals with a phenotypic spectrum of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis/impaired androgenization (now termed 46,XY disorders of sex development) with normal adrenal function.

Methods and Patients: The study included mutational analysis of NR5A1 in 30 individuals with 46,XY disorders of sex development, followed by functional studies of SF1 activity.

Results: Heterozygous missense mutations in NR5A1 were found in four individuals (four of 30, 13%) with this phenotype. These mutations (V15M, M78I, G91S, L437Q) were shown to impair transcriptional activation through abnormal DNA binding (V15M, M78I, G91S), altered subnuclear localization (V15M, M78I), or disruption of the putative ligand-binding pocket (L437Q). Two mutations appeared to be de novo or germline changes. The other two mutations appeared to be inherited in a sex-limited dominant manner because the mother is heterozygous for the change.

Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that SF1 mutations are more frequent than previously suspected causes of impaired fetal and postnatal testicular function in 46,XY individuals.
Unveiling the Untapped Potential of Antibody Drug Conjugates in Precision Oncology
Authors: Trapani Dario , Katrini Jalissa , Curigliano Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

This Viewpoint discusses cancer antigen expression and antibody drug conjugates.
Macromolecular crowding has opposite effects on two critical sub‐steps of transcription initiation
Authors: Mukherjee Pratip , Mazumder Abhishek
Published: March 2024

Transcription initiation, the first step in gene expression, has been studied extensively in dilute buffer, a condition which fails to consider the crowded environment in live cells. Recent reports indicate the kinetics of promoter escape is altered in crowded conditions for a consensus bacterial promoter. Here, we use a real‐time fluorescence enhancement assay to study the kinetics of unwound bubble formation and promoter escape for three separate promoters. We find that the effect of crowding on transcription initiation is complex, with lower rates of unwound bubble formation, higher rates of promoter escape, and large variations depending on promoter identity. Based on our results, we suggest that altered conditions of crowding inside a live cell can trigger global changes.
Adaptive finite‐time optimal time‐varying formation control for second‐order stochastic nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Fu Yue , Fu Jun
Published: March 2024

This work addresses a fuzzy‐based finite‐time optimal time‐varying formation (TVF) control issue for a class of second‐order stochastic multi‐agent systems (SMASs) with unknown nonlinearities. First, novel optimal cost functions with exponential power terms are constructed, which enables the SMASs to achieve finite‐time stability in the mean square sense with minimum cost. Then, based on the cost functions, an optimal controller is proposed, in which fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used as universal approximators to identify the unknown uncertainties. Theorem analyses show that the proposed control strategy can guarantee the mean‐square finite‐time bounded of all signals in the system and then the TVF control task can be simultaneously realized with minimum cost. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented control method is verified by a multiple omni‐directional robot system.
Strain‐Modulated Ferromagnetism at an Intrinsic van der Waals Heterojunction
Authors: Fujita Ryuji , Gurung Gautam , Mawass Mohamad‐Assaad , Smekhova Alevtina , Kronast Florian , Toh Alexander Kang‐Jun , Soumyanarayanan Anjan , Ho Pin , Singh Angadjit , Heppell Emily , Backes Dirk , Maccherozzi Francesco , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Mayoh Daniel A. , Balakrishnan Geetha , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten
Published: March 2024

The van der Waals interaction enables atomically thin layers of exfoliated 2D materials to be interfaced in heterostructures with relaxed epitaxy conditions, however, the ability to exfoliate and freely stack layers without any strain or structural modification is by no means ubiquitous. In this work, the piezoelectricity of the exfoliated van der Waals piezoelectric α‐In2Se3 is utilized to modify the magnetic properties of exfoliated Fe3GeTe2, a van der Waals ferromagnet, resulting in increased domain wall density, reductions in the transition temperature ranging from 5 to 20 K, and an increase in the magnetic coercivity. Structural modifications at the atomic level are corroborated by a comparison to a graphite/α‐In2Se3 heterostructure, for which a decrease in the Tuinstra‐Koenig ratio is found. Magnetostrictive ferromagnetic domains are also observed, which may contribute to the enhanced magnetic coercivity. Density functional theory calculations and atomistic spin dynamic simulations show that the Fe3GeTe2 layer is compressively strained by 0.4%, reducing the exchange stiffness and magnetic anisotropy. The incorporation of α‐In2Se3 may be a general strategy to electrostatically strain interfaces within the paradigm of hexagonal boron nitride‐encapsulated heterostructures, for which the atomic flatness is both an intrinsic property and paramount requirement for 2D van der Waals heterojunctions.
Biomaterial/Organic Heterojunction Based Memristor for Logic Gate Circuit Design, Data Encryption, and Image Reconstruction
Authors: Gao Kaikai , Sun Bai , Cao Zelin , Duan Xuegang , Yan Wentao , Tong Guoqing , Zhou Guangdong , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou
Published: March 2024

Benefiting from powerful logic‐computing, higher packaging density, and extremely low electricity consumption, memristors are regarded as the most promising next‐generation of electric devices and are capable of realizing brain‐like neuromorphic computation. However, the design of emerging circuit devices based on memristors and their potential application in unconventional fields are very meaningful for achieving some tasks that traditional electronic devices cannot accomplish. Herein, a Cu/PEDOT:PSS‐PP:PVDF/Ti structured memristor is fabricated by using the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) dopped biomaterial papaya peel (PP) and organic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) heterojunction as functional layer, which can be switched among resistive switching, self‐rectification effect, and capacitive behavior by adjusting the voltage bias/scan rate. Through further fitting of the data and simulating interfacial group reactions, this work innovatively proposes a charge conduction mode of device driven by Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, complexation reactions, and PEDOT:PSS pore removal. Finally, the regular logic gate and adder circuits are constructed based on the fabricated memristor, while a fully adder‐based encryption unit is designed to realize data encryption and image reconstruction. This work renders memristor compatible with logic circuits, widening a path toward data encryption and information security.
Selenium Nanoparticles Enhance NK Cell‐Mediated Tumoricidal Activity in Malignant Pleural Effusion via the TrxR1‐IL‐18RAP‐pSTAT3 Pathway
Authors: Liu Shaowei , Li Naijian , Lai Haoqiang , Xu Ligeng , Zeng Yunxiang , Chen Xin , Huang Haoyang , Chen Tianfeng , Liu Jun , Wang Jinlin
Published: March 2024

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) poses a significant challenge in local treatment, primarily attributed to its intricate tumor immune microenvironment. The immunosuppression of natural killer (NK) cells within the microenvironment, exacerbated by selenium (Se) deficiency, constitutes a pivotal treatment bottleneck. Building upon prior investigations, this study delves into the impact and mechanisms of functionalized lentinan selenium nanoparticles (LET‐SeNPs) on NK cells in MPE, presenting a novel local treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion (MPE‐LA). The synergistic application of LET‐SeNPs serves to replenish Se levels in MPE, modulate NK cells, augment their quantity, restore and enhance their functionality. Additionally, LET‐SeNPs facilitate NK cells activation through the TrxR1‐IL18RAP‐pSTAT3 pathway, resulting in effective lung cancer cell eradication and reduced pleural effusion production. Furthermore, pre‐stimulation of NK cells by LET‐SeNPs, combined with CAR‐NK cell therapy, harnesses the innate immune system, exhibiting a potent anti‐tumor effect. This research introduces a compelling strategy to advance the clinical implementation of targeted nanomaterials or lead compounds with explicit targets and mechanisms, thereby enhancing NK cell therapy for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of MPE.
Oxygen Driven Defect Engineering of Monolayer MoS2 for Tunable Electronic, Optoelectronic, and Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Abidi Irfan H. , Giridhar Sindhu Priya , Tollerud Jonathan O. , Limb Jake , Waqar Moaz , Mazumder Aishani , Mayes Edwin LH , Murdoch Billy J. , Xu Chenglong , Bhoriya Ankit , Ranjan Abhishek , Ahmed Taimur , Li Yongxiang , Davis Jeffrey A. , Bentley Cameron L. , Russo Salvy P. , Gaspera Enrico Della , Walia Sumeet
Published: March 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a two‐dimensional (2D) semiconducting material harbors intrinsic defects that can be harnessed to achieve tuneable electronic, optoelectronic, and electrochemical devices. However, achieving precise control over defect formation within monolayer MoS2, remains a notable challenge. Here, an in‐situ defect engineering approach for monolayer MoS2 using a pressure‐dependent chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is presented. Monolayer MoS2 grown in a low pressure CVD conditions (LP‐MoS2) produces sulfur vacancy (Vs) induced defect‐rich crystals primarily attributed to the oxygen‐deficient growth conditions. Conversely, atmospheric pressure CVD‐grown MoS2 (AP‐MoS2) passivates these defects with oxygen from ambient conditions. This disparity in defect profiles profoundly impacts crucial functional properties and device performance.  AP‐MoS2 shows a drastically enhanced photoluminescence, which is significantly quenched in LP‐MoS2 attributed to in‐gap electron donor states induced by the Vs defects. However, the n‐doping induced in LP‐MoS2 generates enhanced photoresponsivity and detectivity in fabricated photodetectors compared to the AP‐MoS2‐based devices. Defect‐rich LP‐MoS2 outperforms AP‐MoS2 as channel layers of field‐effect transistors (FETs), as well as electrocatalytic material for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work presents a single‐step CVD approach for in situ defect engineering in monolayer MoS2 and presents a pathway to control defects in other monolayer 2D materials.
Multifunctional Polyoxometalates‐Based Ionohydrogels toward Flexible Electronics
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Da , Bo Kai , Zhong Chen‐Long , Xin Yu‐Hang , Lu Guo‐Long , Sun Hang , Liang Song , Liu Zhen‐Ning , Zang Hong‐Ying
Published: March 2024

Multifunctional flexible electronics present tremendous opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital age. One potential avenue to realize this goal is the integration of polyoxometalates (POMs) and ionic liquid‐based gels (ILGs), but the challenge of macrophase separation due to poor compatibility, especially caused by repulsion between like‐charged units, poses a significant hurdle. Herein, the possibilities of producing diverse and homogenous POMs‐containing ionohydrogels by nanoconfining POMs and ionic liquids (ILs) within an elastomer‐like polyzwitterionic hydrogel using a simple one‐step random copolymerization method, are expanded vastly. The incorporation of polyzwitterions provides a nanoconfined microenvironment and effectively modulates excessive electrostatic interactions in POMs/ILs/H2O blending system, facilitating a phase transition from macrophase separation to a submillimeter scale worm‐like microphase‐separation system. Moreover, combining POMs‐reinforced ionohydrogels with a developed integrated self‐powered sensing system utilizing strain sensors and Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors has enabled efficient energy storage and detection of external strain changes with high precision. This work not only provides guidelines for manipulating morphology within phase‐separation gelation systems, but also paves the way for developing versatile POMs‐based ionohydrogels for state‐of‐the‐art smart flexible electronics.
Space‐Efficient 3D Microalgae Farming with Optimized Resource Utilization for Regenerative Food
Authors: Liu Hai , Yu Siqin , Liu Bin , Xiang Shuhong , Jiang Minwen , Yang Fan , Tan Weiwei , Zhou Jianfei , Xiao Ming , Li Xiaojie , Richardson Joseph J , Lin Wei , Zhou Jiajing
Published: March 2024

Photosynthetic microalgae produce valuable metabolites and are a source of sustainable food that supports life without compromising arable land. However, the light self‐shading, excessive water supply, and insufficient space utilization in microalgae farming have limited its potential in the inland areas most in need of regenerative food solutions. Herein, this work develops a 3D polysaccharide‐based hydrogel scaffold for vertically farming microalgae without needing liquid media. This liquid‐free strategy is compatible with diverse microalgal species and enables the design of living microalgal frameworks with customizable architectures that enhance light and water utilization. This approach significantly increases microalgae yield per unit water consumption, with an 8.8‐fold increase compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the dehydrated hydrogels demonstrate a reduced size and weight (≈70% reduction), but readily recover their vitality upon rehydration. Importantly, valuable natural products can be produced in this system including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and carotenoids. This study streamlines microalgae regenerative farming for low‐carbon biomanufacturing by minimizing light self‐shading, relieving water supply, and reducing physical footprints, and democratizing access to efficient aquatic food production.
Mimicking Emotional Chinese Calligraphy Using a Variable Stiffness Flexible Gripper
Authors: Han Yubing , Li Wanqing , Shi Bori , Zhang Ying , Xue Chang , Zhang Mengying , Guo Zhansheng , Wen Weijia , Zhang Xingcai , Zhang Tongyi , Wu Jinbo
Published: March 2024

Flexible grippers require appropriate stiffness to ensure stability and efficiency in unpredictable environments. While combining materials with variable stiffness and elastomers holds significant promise in this regard, concurrently achieving actuation and stiffness modulation typically results in heightened structural complexity and responsiveness issues. In this study, a giant electrorheological dielectric elastomer (GERDE) with high dielectric and high electrorheological (ER) properties is obtained by introducing giant electrorheological particles into silicone elastomers, further substantiating the ability to functionally couple actuation and stiffness‐tuning, as well as application of a flexible gripper in mimicking emotive calligraphy. Specifically, GERDE exhibits better actuating (area strain rate of 33%) and ER performance (storage modulus increment of 1.5 MP) than existing conventional dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators (such as PDMS and VHB4910) under a low electric field. Compared to reported flexible grippers, bionic flexible grippers based on GERDE actuator have enhanced actuation, stiffness adjustment capability (i.e., stiffness is increased by 2.4 times), fast response (≈180 ms), and coupling effect, and can write Chinese calligraphy of different emotions by the same trajectory. This work provides ideas and methods for achieving the integration of actuator‐variable stiffness and emotional transmission in robots.
Pitch‐Switchable Metalens Array for Wavefront Profiling at Multiwavelength
Authors: Hu Yueqiang , Cai Yihao , Wei Wenzhi , Li Ling , Wang Hanbin , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping , Jia Honghui , Duan Huigao
Published: March 2024

The wavefront sensor is a crucial component in the adaptive optics system (AOS), responsible for detecting aberrated wavefronts. However, The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with single‐pitch microlens array is limited in its adaptability to different observing conditions, affecting wavefront reconstruction accuracy. And conventional microlens arrays are wavelength‐specific. Here, a polarization‐dependent pitch‐switchable metalens array based on non‐interleaved silicon metasurfaces is proposed, capable of working at multiple wavelengths. By controlling the incident and outgoing light polarization, three metalens arrays with customized pitches can be switched at will. Furthermore, achromatic performance is achieved in the 950 nm and 1030 nm wavelengths through structural dispersion engineering. Finally, wavefront detection experiments are finally conducted to demonstrate the phase reconstruction with variable spatial resolution. The metalens array with high flexibility in wavefront sensor can further enhance the adaptability of AOS and has great potential for applications in light‐field imaging, and machine vision, etc.
Controllable Modulation of Third‐Order NLO Properties by Polymer‐Modified MOFs Core@Shell Nanoarchitecture
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhou Jiachao , Cui Yang , Geng Kangshuai , Zhao Yujie , Sun Yupei , Hou Hongwei
Published: March 2024

The delocalization and rearrangement of π electron clouds in space is the crucial source of regulating nonlinear optical (NLO) performance. Herein, a core‐shell metal organic framework (MOF)‐heterojunction is constructed to achieve the effect of tuning NLO properties by promoting charge transfer through multiple interactions between heterogeneous interfaces. [Cd(L)(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)]n (Cd‐MOF) is selected to coat on polyaniline (PANI) surface to form PANI@Cd‐MOF. The constructed heterojunction displays an enhanced reverse saturation absorption (RSA) signal compared with Cd‐MOF, and it should be noted that the third‐order NLO refractive behavior changes from the self‐defocusing of Cd‐MOF to the self‐focusing of PANI@Cd‐MOF. It is proposed that high‐speed electronic communication bridges established via the rich hydrogen bond network (O… H‐N) and π–π interactions between heterogeneous interfaces can effectively modify the π electron cloud density that finally regulates the NLO properties. This work is believed to provide new avenues and insights for the design of third‐order NLO materials.
Luminophore with Multiple Emission Centers for Fluorescence/ Phosphorescence Dual Ratiometric Chemical Sensing in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liu Yanxiong , Ma Xiurong , Fan Wenwen , Cheng Yi , He Runying , Meng Xian , Shi Yonggang , Cao Qiue , Zheng Liyan
Published: March 2024

Luminescent materials with multiple emission centers are attracting more and more attentions due to their potential applications in multicolor displays, polychromatic imaging, information encryption, and ratiometric chemical sensing. Organic molecules with phosphorescence behavior at room temperature (RTP) provide idea candidate for constructing luminescent materials with multiple emission centers, which show great potentials for application in ratiometric chemical sensing owing to its long‐lived emission and high signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, developing RTP materials with multiple emission centers and their application in aqueous solutions remains a huge challenge. Herein, two chromophore isomers (p‐N‐DPC·(PF6)2 and m‐N‐DPC·(PF6)2) based on carbazole and naphthalene units are prepared by using pyridine quaternary ammonium salt as link to improve their solubility in water and form electron deficient centers to facilitate charge transfer (CT). p‐N‐DPC·(PF6)2 displayed multiple emissions behavior, including monomer fluorescence, dimer fluorescence, monomer phosphorescence, dimer phosphorescence, and CT phosphorescence. Especially, p‐N‐DPC·(PF6)2 exhibits monomer fluorescence, dimer fluorescence, and CT phosphorescence in an aqueous solution, which is successfully applied as self‐calibrated dual ratio luminescent sensor for phosphate detection. This study not only provides a strategy to construct luminophore with multiple emissions but also develops a fluorescence/ phosphorescence dual ratio luminescent sensor in an aqueous solution.
Highly Efficient Copper(I) Emitters Supported by Secondary Metal‐Ligand Interactions
Authors: Ying Ao , Tan Yao , Gong Shaolong
Published: March 2024

The most prominent way of tuning optoelectronic properties of copper(I) emitters is primary‐sphere ligand engineering, but little attention is placed on noncovalent interactions. Here, an effective strategy is demonstrated to introduce secondary metal‐ligand interactions into two‐coordinate Cu(I) emitters with the goals of optimizing conformations and improving optical properties. As a proof of concept, a panel of Cu(I) complexes is developed via chalcogen‐heterocyclic engineering on the 1,2‐positions of carbazole ligand. The S‐embedded complexes have distinct noncovalent metal‐ligand interactions originating from S···Cu orbital contacts, verified by single‐crystal structure and theoretical simulation. Thanks to the flattened conformations stabilized by secondary metal‐ligand interactions, the optimized Cu(I) emitters afford high emission quantum yields of up to 93% and short radiative lifetimes of down to 0.8 µs. Cu‐12BT and Cu‐12BF support the resultant organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) delivering outstanding maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 24.3% and 28.6%, respectively, among the best performance for Cu(I) emitters. The optimal devices based on Cu‐12BF also achieve 18.7% EQE at the practical luminance of 100 nits. This work unlocks the large potential of noncovalent interactions in developing excellent Cu(I) emitters for cost‐effective and high‐efficiency OLEDs.
Boosting Reverse Intersystem Crossing of TADF Emitter through Molecular Geometry Adaptation to Crystalline Host
Authors: Kreiza Gediminas , Javorskis Tomas , Orentas Edvinas , Kazlauskas Karolis
Published: March 2024

Rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is one of the prime concerns for blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, as it reduces triplet exciton population, the root cause of detrimental triplet‐mediated annihilation processes that accelerate device efficiency roll‐off and degradation. This work introduces a new concept to tailor the RISC of TADF emitters through their molecular geometry adaptation to crystalline hosts bearing a similar donor‐acceptor structure. A meticulously designed crystalline host comprising isophthalonitrile acceptor (A) and carbazole‐derived donor (D) units, characterized by nearly orthogonal D‐A arrangement, has been demonstrated to alleviate singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of the TADF dopant by forcing it to adopt a more twisted D‐A configuration, as corroborated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The approach not only significantly reduces the RISC activation energy, resulting in a remarkable tenfold boost of the RISC rate (above 107 s−1) and fourfold shortening of delayed FL lifetime (down to 1.5 µs), but also offers the additional benefit of suppressing conformational disorder of TADF dopant, producing a narrower emission bandwidth. The presented concept, based on crystalline host‐driven RISC engineering, is anticipated to have a profound impact on the development of high‐performance, stable blue‐emitting TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Designing Photochromic Materials La2MgSnO6:Er,Fe with Dynamic Luminescence Modulation for Dual‐mode Optical Information Reading
Authors: Kuang Rongyi , Lian Huiwang , Zhu Yunfei , Gu Simin , Huang Lin , Liu Bo‐Mei , Wang Jing
Published: March 2024

Inorganic photochromic luminescent materials hold immense promise as potential candidates for optical information storage applications. Unfortunately, static and single reading mode of photochromic luminescent materials in bright and dark environments pose a security threat to the stored information. Here, a novel material La2MgSnO6:Er3+,Fe3+ is developed, possessing both reversible photochromic and adjustable upconversion/downconversion photoluminescent (PL) properties. Upon exposure to 275 nm ultraviolet (UV) light, the sample changes in color from white to brown. And this transformation rapidly reverses when exposed to 365 nm UV light, resulting in a corresponding alteration in luminescence intensity. Notably, when combined with photochromic, the 980 nm excited upconversion PL maintains stable luminescence, while the 365 nm excited downconversion PL exhibits significant intensity changes. Inspired by this unique feature, a dark‐field selective dual‐mode reading is proposed that depends on the excitation wavelength, including static decrypt in long‐time cases and dynamic reading in time‐limited situations. These findings have the potential to revolutionize high‐security data storage applications and drive advancements in the field.