bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernizing standards in mental health nursing
Authors: Morris Mervyn
Published: November 2014

The future direction of mental health services is outlined in the long-awaited document A National Service Framework for Mental Health (Department of Health (DoH), 1999) which specifies standards and models for adult services (children and older adults will have separate frameworks). It provides an invaluable overview of policy, funding, models of practice, strategic planning and performance measures.
Occupational health nurse who perverted the course of justice
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2014

The Professional Conduct Committee (PCC) considered the case of an occupational health nurse who had been convicted of ‘doing acts tending and intending to pervert the course of public justice’. She had been sentenced to 18 months imprisonment for this offence. She was not present at the hearing.
A new standard for the nursing assessment of leg ulcers
Authors: White Richard
Published: November 2014

In the UK, the majority of patients with leg ulcers are treated by nurses in the community. Nurses are central to the diagnosis and management of these patients. Formal clinical assessments are not always conducted; where they are, there is not always compliance or access to Doppler ultrasound scanners, or training in the necessary skills and techniques. Assessment should be routine and systematic; an understanding of why each observation is required will aid compliance. This article includes a review of the current requirements for assessment and sets out a minimum standard. This has been devised with the practicalities of community nursing and of nurse accountability in mind.
Breast screening and ethnic minority women: a literature review
Authors: Raja-Jones Hansa
Published: November 2014

The incidence of breast cancer is reported to be low among ethnic minority women. However, the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer in this group is expected to rise over the next decade, as a result of changes in lifestyle and environmental factors. Despite the introduction of the NHS Breast Screening Programme in 1988, the uptake of breast cancer screening services remains low among minority women. The main reasons identified for this low uptake are a lack of knowledge among women from the ethnic communities about screening services and a lack of referral/recommendations by healthcare professionals and physicians. Future initiatives need to target appropriate education strategies for healthcare professionals on the needs of ethnic groups, as for many women this will be their first point of contact within the screening programme.
Family views of a paediatric outpatient nursing development unit
Authors: Glasper Edward Alan , Brooking Julia , Raphael Helen
Published: November 2014

This article reports on one aspect of the quinquennial evaluation of a King's Fund accredited nursing development unit (NDU) within a paediatric outpatient department of a large district general hospital during the period 1993–1998. The study draws upon descriptive data obtained through a parental satisfaction survey. Overall the results demonstrate a high degree of satisfaction with the outpatient visit family experience and suggest that the status of NDU has helped the children's outpatient department become more responsive to the needs of families.
Radiation-induced skin reactions 3: evaluating the RISRAS
Authors: Noble-Adams Rae
Published: November 2014

This article, the last in a three-part series, reports the methods used to evaluate the Radiation-induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS), along with the results. For a newly developed tool, the results of the elementary reliability and validity testing were satisfactory. The RISRAS could be used in clinical practice following revision and further development and its introduction into clinical oncology practice is recommended as it will improve the assessment process of radiation-induced skin reactions and lead to better care for those patients undergoing radiotherapy. In the first article in the series (Vol 8(17): 1134–40), the extensive nature of radiotherapy-induced skin reactions were reported, along with their significance for the patient undergoing radiotherapy. Previously described assessment scales were examined in preparation for the development of the RISRAS. In the second article (Vol 8(18): 1208–11), the need for holistic yet specific assessment of these reactions was demonstrated and the methods used to develop the RISRAS were described.
Legal aspects of NHS Direct and walk-in clinics
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2014

Two innovations in health care, NHS Direct and walk-in clinics, both designed to improve patient access, have been introduced by the Government. NHS Direct was one of the first NHS innovations introduced by the present Government and has been operating, on a restricted basis, for about 18 months. The Department of Health recently announced the setting up of more direct access clinics run by nurses, to which any person can go for assistance and advice on health care. This article considers the legal implications of these innovations.
Innovations in bandage technology: SSL's non-fray Steripaste
Authors: Lindsay Ellie
Published: November 2014

After centuries of use in wound management the healthcare industry continues to improve the medicated paste bandage. This article focuses on Steripaste, a well known medicated zinc paste bandage from SSL International, that has a new non-fray edge to minimize the incidence of fibres being shed onto the wound (Figure 1).
Preparing nurses to work effectively in the prison environment
Authors: Evans Nicola
Published: November 2014

Nurses who go to work in prisons begin their new career without having had any specific preparation for this unique and diverse role. The demands placed upon nurses are unlike any they will have experienced in their previous clinical posts. The work of a nurse in prison contains elements of both mental health nursing and practice nursing. The context in which this nursing occurs means that the nurse is presented with complex clinical and professional dilemmas. Consequently, few nurses start to work within this specialty with all of the core competencies required to be clinically effective and confident in their role. This article describes how this unmet educational need was addressed by the development of a diploma level module.
Nurses must educate the public about their work
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2014

Recently I was invited to attend a public meeting to promote nurses and nursing. Instead of jumping at the opportunity I hesitated and thought: ‘I don't think I can do that!’. As nurses, we are often reluctant to educate the public about our work. One reason for this may be that traditionally we have been taught that virtue is its own reward. To advertise one's accomplishments is sometimes thought of as unseemly or unprofessional. On the other hand, some nurses view their work as basic and feel that there is no point publicizing a simple, commonsense activity.
The benefits of non-invasive ventilation and CPAP therapy
Authors: Brigg Craig
Published: November 2014

There is increasing recognition of the therapeutic benefits of applying non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory failure. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is now commonly used in the treatment of patients who have problems with oxygenation but not ventilation on acute respiratory wards. The focus of this article will be on the development of non-invasive ventilation techniques and CPAP therapy and the benefits and indications for its use in respiratory medicine. The suggestions for monitoring these patients will be examined and the potential hazards will be identified. This will be considered in relation to the evolution of non-invasive respiratory care units and the establishment of an acute respiratory care unit (ARCU).
Sources for Central and Eastern European Jewish History: The Louis Lewin Collection at Yeshiva University
Authors: Schiffman Marlene
Published: November 2014

The Louis Lewin Collection of archival materials in the Rare Book Room of Yeshiva University comprises some 400 boxes of historical records on the Jews in Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Lewin (1868–1941) was a rabbi and Jewish historian in Poland between the Wars and a proponent of the Wissenschaft des Judentums, “Science of Judaism,” movement in Jewish scholarship. The documents Lewin collected are of great historical value for their description of Jewish life in Europe, the history of Judaism, and Hebrew language and literature. While some records are original documents, others were copied by hand by Lewin from non-Jewish repositories in state or municipal archives. Not only are these documents precious for their historical value, but they are unique survivors of the devastation of World War II. Most of the records of these communities in Poland and Germany were obliterated, and the communities themselves disappeared. All that now exists are the copies that Louis Lewin preserved. Most items in this unique collection have been cataloged, and the rest are being worked on. The catalog records can be found in the Yeshiva University Library OPAC and on RLIN.
Educating the Educators
Authors: Lubetski Edith
Published: November 2014

Research has confirmed that strong school libraries are linked to academic achievement. Yet, school librarians often confront significant difficulties in obtaining support from administrators. Thoughtful and informative programs to educate administrators demonstrate the vital educational role of the library and librarian in building a strong academic environment.
Epistle from Israel (2003)
Authors: Aronson Yaakov
Published: November 2014

This column covers noteworthy publications, exhibitions, and activities of the Jewish National and University Library and other Judaica Libraries in Israel during 1997-2001. It highlights papers presented at the International Judaica Librarians' Convention in Jerusalem held concurrently with the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) annual conference held in Israel in 2000. Also reported is a summary of a symposium held at Bar Ilan University sponsored by the Israel Society of Special Libraries and Information Centers (ISLIC), siginifcant scholarly Judaica publications at the Jerusalem Book Fair in 2001, and notable additions to the Bar Ilan University's Wurzweiler Central Library.
AJL Bibliography Bank
Authors: Gensler Elana
Published: November 2014

The AJL Bibliography Bank was established in 1995 to disseminate informative booklists to its members. Patrons of the Bank may request or contribute bibliographies. This article discusses the history of the Bank, how it is run and its future plans.
Recommended Judaica Reference Works, 2001
Authors: Pearlstein Peggy
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this column is to recommend current Judaica reference sources, both general and specialized. It is intended to serve as a guide to new tools for scholarly research as well as to more popular, but reliable, works. The annotations describe the scope, arrangement, and use of each work.
This column lists selected reference materials that appeared in 2001. The last issue of Judaica Librarianship, Volume 10, Number 1-2, Spring 1999-Winter 2000, listed Judaica reference works published from 1994-1996.
A method to study bladder urothelial cellular function in situ
Authors: Lu Ming , C. Chai Toby
Published: November 2014

Objective: The bladder urothelium is comprised of basal, intermediate, and apical urothelial cells.  Ability to functionally study an individual urothelial cell while preserving its in situ location would represent an advance in bladder urothelial biology. 
Materials and Methods:   Mice were euthanized and cardiac perfused with phosphate-buffered saline.  Bladders were then excised.  Urothelial sheets were dissected off the lamina propria using forceps with a microscope (5x magnification).  Sheets were stained with H&E.  In separate experiments, cell-attached electrophysiology was performed by placing urothelial sheets in Ringer’s bath solution, with either basal or apical surface down. Using 40x magnification, individual urothelial cells from different layers were identified.  Potassium currents on these cells were measured in situ using single channel patch-clamp technique.
Results:  Histology revealed that urothelial sheets were free of lamina propria and smooth muscles.   The proportion of apical cells, compared to proportion of intermediate and basal cells, with measureable potassium currents was considerably higher in apical cells (69% of apical versus 16% of intermediate and 18% of basal cells).  Of the active patches detected in apical cells, 100% of these patches showed a 43 pS current conductance.  For intermediate and basal cells, 75-83% demonstrated a 43 pS current and 17-25% demonstrated a 22 pS current.  Single cells, from all 3 layers, could also be individually microdissected completely off the urothelium.   
Conclusions: A novel approach was developed in which individual urothelial cells within the multi-layered urothelium were identified and functionally studied in situ. Electrophysiologic characterization revealed different phenotype between the cells from different layers.  Single cells from an identified layer can be harvested off the urothelium allowing for other studies. This technique allows investigators to study various cellular functions while preserving cellular location within the urothelium.
Compression Testing of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Graybeal Benjamin A.
Published: November 2014

The compressive mechanical response of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) surpasses that exhibited by the types of concrete for which the ASTM C39 compressive strength test and ASTM C469 compression modulus of elasticity test were developed. When attempting to complete these tests on UHPC, one will likely face challenges related to both the required load rate of 35 psi/s (0.25 MPa/s) and the cylinder end preparation requirements. Compression strength test durations for concretes with compressive strengths up to and exceeding 29 ksi (200 MPa) can be excessively long. Common cylinder end preparation techniques are not acceptable because of the high strength of the concrete, resulting in the requirement that the cylinder ends be ground to a plane, parallel finish. Researchers at the U.S. Federal Highway Administration are developing solutions to these challenges. Research on the compressive strength of UHPC has demonstrated that the strength determined through the use of an ASTM C109 type of test on concrete cubes is very similar to the strength reported with ASTM C39 tests on cylinders. Thus cubes, which do not require end preparation, can be used as a surrogate for cylinders. A separate study investigating the effect of increasing the load rate during cylinder compressive tests to 150 psi/s (1 MPa/s) was also completed. In this testing program, 400 cylinders with strengths between 18 and 30 ksi (124 and 200 MPa) were tested at a range of load rates. The strength and modulus of elasticity increases resulting from the load rate increase were observed to be minimal.
Tensile Mechanical Response of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Graybeal Benjamin A.
Published: November 2014

The tensile mechanical response of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is distinctly different from conventional concretes and traditional fiber-reinforced concretes. UHPC can exhibit a pseudo-strain-hardening behavior wherein the fiber reinforcement bridging tensile cracks is sufficient to allow for a sustained tensile capacity at stress levels near the tensile-matrix-cracking strength through significant tensile-strain levels. This mechanical response is generating interest in the structural design community; however, quantification of the response through standardized test methods is necessary. Researchers at the U.S. Federal Highway Administration have developed a test that directly measures the tensile response of UHPC-class materials. This test, conceptually similar to the ASTM E8 [ASTM E8-13a: Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013] test for steel, provides a method to assess the tensile response from elastic behaviors through multi-cracking and eventual crack localization. Prismatic specimens are loaded in direct tension under a fixed-end condition, allowing cast or extracted specimens to be tested under conditions that mimic the tensile loading that can occur within full-scale structural elements. Testing to date has assessed two UHPC matrices and a variety of fiber types/dosages with promising results in terms of test-procedure robustness.
Compressibility and Durability Characteristics of Lime Treated Expansive Semiarid Soils
Authors: Moghal Arif Ali Baig , Kareem Obaid Ali Abdul , Al-Refeai Talal O. , Al-Shamrani Mosleh Ali
Published: November 2014

The current study evaluates the role of lime and the curing period on the compressibility and durability characteristics of two expansive semiarid soils samples originating from Saudi Arabia. The compressibility behavior of these soil samples was evaluated using a range of loading periods of time. Starting with a minimum practicable loading period of 0.5 h, the loading periods were progressively increased to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. It has been observed that the addition of lime significantly reduces the compressibility behavior of both the selected soils. The study shows that, for a given consolidation pressure increment, an increase in the duration of loading time produces a moderate increase in the final equilibrium void ratio values. In order to evaluate the durability characteristics, lime leachability tests (amount of lime that is converted into soluble form by dissociation into calcium and hydroxyl ions) were conducted on compacted specimens at varying lime contents on samples cured for 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Analysis of the soil samples subject to increasing periods of curing time show a considerable decrease in the concentration of calcium. This is due to the transformation of amorphous lime into a stable crystalline form, which leads to the formation of pozzolanic compounds.
Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in French Drain Systems
Authors: Nam Boo Hyun , Behring Zachary R. , Kim Jinyoung , Chopra Manoj , Shoucair John , Park Chul-Soo
Published: November 2014

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is often used as a replacement for virgin aggregate in road foundations (base course), embankments, hot-mix asphalt, and Portland cement concrete. However, the use of RCA in exfiltration drainage systems, such as French drains, is still uncommon. The primary concerns with using RCA as drainage media are excessive fines and calcite precipitation that can cause a reduction in permeability performance. This study investigates the potential benefits of RCA as drainage material. This paper presents and discusses: (1) the results of a nationwide survey on current practices and policies, (2) physical and chemical properties, (3) effective fine-removing methods, (4) re-cementation potential, (4) permeability (under varied fine content), and (5) long-term drainage performance of RCA as drainage material. Test results indicate that RCA No. 4 gradation does not restrict the flow of water, but the RCA fines being generated during aggregate handling process (e.g., stockpiling, placing and transporting) may cause clogging buildup over time.
Functional characterization of a CDKN1B mutation in a Sardinian kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4
Authors: Pardi Elena , Mariotti Stefano , Pellegata Natalia S , Benfini Katiuscia , Borsari Simona , Saponaro Federica , Torregrossa Liborio , Cappai Antonello , Satta Chiara , Mastinu Marco , Marcocci Claudio , Cetani Filomena
Published: November 2014

Inactivating germline mutations of the CDKN1B gene encoding the nuclear cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27kip1 protein have been reported in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), a MEN1-like phenotype without MEN1 mutations. The aim of this study was to characterize in vitro the germline CDKN1B mutation c.374_375delCT (S125X) we detected in a patient with MEN4. The proband was affected by primary hyperparathyroidism due to multiglandular parathyroid involvement and gastro–entero–pancreatic tumors. We carried out subcellular localization experiments by transfection with plasmid vectors expressing the WT or mutant CDKN1B cDNA into the eukaryotic human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and GH3 cell lines. Results from western blotting studies indicated that fusion proteins were expressed at equal levels. The mutated protein was shorter compared with the WT protein and lacked the highly conserved C-terminal domain, which includes the bipartite nuclear localization signal at amino acids 152/153 and 166/168. In HeLa and GH3 cells, WT P27 localized in the nucleus, whereas the P27_S125X protein was retained in the cytoplasm, predicting the loss of tumor-suppressive function. The proband's tumoral parathyroid tissue did not show allelic loss, because both WT and mutant alleles were determined to be present by sequencing the somatic DNA. Immunohistochemistry revealed a complete loss of nuclear expression of P27 in a parathyroid adenoma, which had been removed by the second surgery in the patient. In conclusion, our results confirm the pathogenic role of the c.374_375delCT CDKN1B germline mutation in a patient with MEN4.
Adipose tissue, estradiol levels, and bone health in obese men with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ornstrup Marie Juul , Kjær Thomas Nordstrøm , Harsløf Torben , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Hans , Hougaard David Michael , Cohen Arieh , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Langdahl Bente Lomholt
Published: November 2014

Objective

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have suggested that VAT negatively affects bone. However, MetS has also been associated with higher estradiol (E2) levels, which is bone protective. We therefore investigated the impact of VAT and E2levels on bone density, structural parameters, and strength estimates.

Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 obese men with MetS to investigate the impact of VAT and E2levels on bone.

Methods

Bone parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high-resolution peripheral QCT (HRpQCT) at lumbar spine, proximal femur, radius, and tibia. VAT volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sexual hormones were measured in blood samples.

Results

Men with high VAT had a lower bone density at the hip (P<0.05), lower cortical thickness, and higher buckling ratio at femoral neck (FN) (P=0.008 andP=0.02), compared with men with low VAT, despite a similar body weight and BMI. Generally, E2levels were low (median 43 pmol/l), and men with E2levels below median had reduced bone density at lumbar spine (P=0.04), and impaired structural parameters at radius and tibia, compared with men with E2levels above median. At the hip, VAT volume and E2levels affected bone density independently and additively, and 50% of men with high VAT and low E2levels had osteopenia with significantly lowerT-score at FN (P=0.004).

Conclusions

High VAT and low E2negatively affect bone in obese men with MetS. VAT and E2affect bone density at the hip independently and additively, revealing an unexpected high prevalence of osteopenia in middle-aged men with MetS.
Effect of pre- and postnatal growth and post-weaning activity on glucose metabolism in the offspring
Authors: Dellschaft Neele S , Alexandre-Gouabau Marie-Cecile , Gardner David S , Antignac Jean-Philippe , Keisler Duane H , Budge Helen , Symonds Michael E , Sebert Sylvain P
Published: November 2014

Maternal caloric restriction during late gestation reduces birth weight, but whether long-term adverse metabolic outcomes of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) are dependent on either accelerated postnatal growth or exposure to an obesogenic environment after weaning is not established. We induced IUGR in twin-pregnant sheep using a 40% maternal caloric restriction commencing from 110 days of gestation until term (∼147 days), compared with mothers fed to 100% of requirements. Offspring were reared either as singletons to accelerate postnatal growth or as twins to achieve standard growth. To promote an adverse phenotype in young adulthood, after weaning, offspring were reared under a low-activity obesogenic environment with the exception of a subgroup of IUGR offspring, reared as twins, maintained in a standard activity environment. We assessed glucose tolerance together with leptin and cortisol responses to feeding in young adulthood when the hypothalamus was sampled for assessment of genes regulating appetite control, energy and endocrine sensitivity. Caloric restriction reduced maternal plasma glucose, raised non-esterified fatty acids, and changed the metabolomic profile, but had no effect on insulin, leptin, or cortisol. IUGR offspring whose postnatal growth was enhanced and were obese showed insulin and leptin resistance plus raised cortisol. This was accompanied by increased hypothalamic gene expression for energy and glucocorticoid sensitivity. These long-term adaptations were reduced but not normalized in IUGR offspring whose postnatal growth was not accelerated and remained lean in a standard post-weaning environment. IUGR results in an adverse metabolic phenotype, especially when postnatal growth is enhanced and offspring progress to juvenile-onset obesity.
Functional Variants in DPYSL2 Sequence Increase Risk of Schizophrenia and Suggest a Link to mTOR Signaling
Authors: Liu Yaping , Pham Xuan , Zhang Lilei , Chen Pei-lung , Burzynski Grzegorz , McGaughey David M , He Shan , McGrath John A , Wolyniec Paula , Fallin Margaret D , Pierce Megan S , McCallion Andrew S , Pulver Ann E , Avramopoulos Dimitrios , Valle David
Published: November 2014

Numerous linkage and association studies by our group and others have implicated DPYSL2 at 8p21.2 in schizophrenia. Here we explore DPYSL2 for functional variation that underlies these associations. We sequenced all 14 exons of DPYSL2 as well as 27 conserved noncoding regions at the locus in 137 cases and 151 controls. We identified 120 variants, eight of which we genotyped in an additional 729 cases and 1542 controls. Several were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including a three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype in the proximal promoter, two SNPs in intron 1, and a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5′-untranslated region that alters sequences predicted to be involved in translational regulation by mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. The 3-SNP promoter haplotype and the sequence surrounding one of the intron 1 SNPs direct tissue-specific expression in the nervous systems of Zebrafish in a pattern consistent with the two endogenous dpysl2 paralogs. In addition, two SNP haplotypes over the coding exons and 3′ end of DPYSL2 showed association with opposing sex-specific risks. These data suggest that these polymorphic, schizophrenia-associated sequences function as regulatory elements for DPYSL2 expression. In transient transfection assays, the high risk allele of the polymorphic dinucleotide repeat diminished reporter expression by 3- to 4-fold. Both the high- and low-risk alleles respond to allosteric mTOR inhibition by rapamycin until, at high drug levels, allelic differences are eliminated. Our results suggest that reduced transcription and mTOR-regulated translation of certain DPYSL2 isoforms increase the risk for schizophrenia.
Evaluación de Insecticidas para el Manejo de Monalonion velezangeli, Carvalho & Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae) en Aguacate
Authors: Montilla Pérez Jimena , Londoño Zuluaga Martha Eugenia , Monsalve García Danilo Augusto , Correa Londoño Guillermo Antonio
Published: November 2014

La chinche monalonion, coclicllo o chupanga (Monalonion velezangeli) causa daños en brotes terminales de aguacate, afectando el desarrollo del árbol; en frutos causa secamiento y, por lo tanto, rechazo en la comercialización. Aún no existen estrategias para el manejo de la plaga y los productores utilizan insecticidas sin previa evaluación de su efectividad. Se evaluaron insecticidas con un nuevo modo de acción sobre M. velezangeli bajo condiciones controladas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con once tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron los insecticidas deltametrina, λ-cihalotrina, imidacloprid, thiametoxam, spinosad, spiromesifen, diflubenzurón, diafentiurón, una mezcla de thiametoxam + λ-cihalotrina; y además, un testigo relativo (agua) y un testigo absoluto (sin aplicación). La unidad experimental consistió de un arbusto de guayaba común con diez insectos confinados en una jaula de tela tul. Los tratamientos se aplicaron una vez con los insectos confinados en la jaula. Se identificó que deltametrina, λ-cihalotrina, thiametoxam, imidacloprid y la mezcla de thiametoxam más λ-cihalotrina causan mortalidad entre 85 y 100% sobre M. velezangeli, 24 horas después de ser aplicados y 3 días después la mortalidad alcanza el 100%. Estos productos pueden ser incluidos en un programa de manejo integrado para M. velezangeli. El diafentiurón causa mortalidades entre 51-81%. No se evidenció efecto de diafentiurón, diflubenzurón y spiromesifen sobre la progenie de adultos expuestos, pero ninfas tratadas que alcanzaron el estado adulto, dieron origen a un menor número de ninfas; sin embargo, este efecto debe dilucidarse mejor.
Caracterización de Daños de Moscas del Género Dasiops (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) en Passiflora spp. (Passifloraceae) Cultivadas en Colombia
Authors: Santamaría Galindo Maikol Yohanny , Castro Ávila Ángela Patricia , Ebratt Ravelo Everth Emilio , Margarita Brochero Helena Luisa
Published: November 2014

Las moscas del género Dasiops Rondani constituyen la plaga más limitante en cultivos de pasifloras en Colombia, por lo que el reconocimiento de especies es importante para la toma de decisiones de vigilancia y control. Se caracterizaron los síntomas y daños producidos por moscas Dasiops spp.. en botones florales y frutos de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Sims), gulupa (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims), granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) y curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima Nielsen y Jorgensen). En botones florales de maracuyá, gulupa y granadilla con longitud mayor a 1 cm, la infestación se manifestó con amarillamiento y arrugamiento general. En frutos de gulupa y granadilla, la infestación se evidenció por arrugamiento del epicarpio en frutos inmaduros. En curuba, la infestación en frutos se caracterizó por un estrechamiento en la parte basal, apical o media del fruto. La infestación en botones florales estuvo entre 0,0 y 9,9% en tanto que en frutos presentó un rango entre 0,3 y 28,5%. No obstante, en maracuyá y gulupa se registraron botones florales infestados pero sin los síntomas descritos; en tanto que en gulupa y granadilla se observó el mismo fenómeno en frutos. Este estudio provee a agricultores y técnicos herramientas para el reconocimiento de infestación por moscas Dasiops spp. en cultivos de pasifloras como elemento fundamental para la toma decisiones para la vigilancia y control fitosanitario.
Espectroscopía NIR como Técnica Exploratoria Rápida para Detección de Amarillamiento Hojas Crisantemo (Dendranthema grandiflora var. Zembla)
Authors: Pérez Naranjo Juan Carlos , Soler Arango Juliana , Arango Pulgarín Gloria , Meneses Ospina Elizabeth , Ruiz Villadiego Orlando Simón
Published: November 2014

El diagnóstico seguro de enfermedades en las plantas depende de técnicas costosas, que requieren de tiempo y entrenamiento especializado. Esta investigación evaluó el uso de espectroscopia infrarroja cercana NIR (por sus siglas en ingles near-infrared) para la detección rápida del "amarillamiento de hojas de crisantemo", una enfermedad de etiología incierta que genera pérdidas económicas importantes. En este experimento se tomaron espectros infrarrojos en hojas con niveles de amarillamiento diferentes según la clasificación empleada por los agricultores (asintomáticas, síntomas intermedios y hojas deformadas con síntomas avanzados). Mediante un análisis de componentes principales y con los valores de los espectros de esas muestras, se desarrolló un modelo de clasificación de hojas. Ese modelo aplicado en espectros de hojas tomados al azar separó adecuadamente el grupo de espectros NIR de hojas asintomáticas de un grupo indiferenciado de espectros obtenidos de hojas con síntomas intermedios o avanzados. Los resultados sugieren que para esta enfermedad es posible desarrollar un modelo de detección en muestras problema. Para ello, se requerirá incorporar al modelo un mayor número de muestras en rangos de enfermedad bien definidos. Estos resultados permiten vislumbrar las posibilidades del uso de esta técnica no destructiva, para detección temprana de los síntomas del amarillamiento foliar en crisantemo y como herramienta para el diseño de estrategias oportunas y efectivas de manejo de esta y otras enfermedades en las plantas.
Characterization of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Farming Systems in the Norte de Santander Department and Assessment Their Sustainability
Authors: Ramírez Sulvarán Jesús Arturo , Sigarroa Rieche Alina Katil , Del Valle Vargas Rómulo Alberto
Published: November 2014

The cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) based economy has been considered a valid alternative to support sustainable development in northeastern Colombia. However, there is a lack of information about the cocoa production systems in the region which is needed for the implementation of effective plans to improve their performance and sustainability. Four of the main cocoa producing municipalities in the Norte de Santander department were considered for this study: Teorama, Bucarasica, Cúcuta and San Calixto. These entities were selected due to their adequate security conditions, availability of field assistants and departmental representativeness in cocoa production. The objective was to obtain basic information for local, specific and participatory actions for the sustainability of the cocoa production systems and to improve the living conditions of farmers. The methodology used was based on the farming system approach, considering the socioeconomic, technological and agro-ecological components, and their relationships, and evaluating them according to the principles of sustainable agriculture. The phases covered were: (1) analysis of secondary data, (2) formulation and evaluation of sustainability indicators, (3) design, implementation and analysis of survey data and (4) validation by the farmers of the obtained information and the prioritization of problems. The results indicate that there is only one cocoa production system of a family-mercantile type, with low technology. Most farmers have low incomes and basic needs such as health, education and public services are not met. They do not employ the agronomic and post-harvest practices recommended by specialists. The water and soil resources are being degraded. In general, the farming system leans towards unsustainability and it is vital that integrative actions be taken to change this situation.
Pre and Postharvest Enzymatic Activity in Gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) Fruits from the Colombian Lower Montane Rain Forest
Authors: Franco Germán , Cartagena Valenzuela José Régulo , Correa Londoño Guillermo Antonio , Rojano Benjamín Alberto , Piedrahita Correa Ana María , Ibarz Albert , Falguera Víctor
Published: November 2014

“High-Andean fruits” are deemed important because of their potential for domestic consumption and exportation. Among them, gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an exotic fruit of good acceptance in European markets. However, the technological support associated with the crop is incipient and its short shelf life leads to rapid deterioration of the product. This fact makes it necessary to investigate the physical, physiological and biochemical processes that characterize fruit ripening, in order to take actions to ensure that it arrives in its best possible condition to the consumer. In this context, the current study aimed at identifying enzymatic activity in gulupa fruits during pre and postharvest. Plant material from the Colombian Gene Bank (administered by Corpoica) was used. Fruits of known age were periodically harvested to determine the activity of the enzymes α-amylase, polygalacturonase (PG), pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) through destructive samplings. It was found that α-amylase and PG are linked to the increase of soluble solids, which favors the sweet taste of the fruit. In turn, the low activity of PPO enables agroindustrial processing without severe fruit browning.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties and Aromatic Profile During Maturation of The Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and The Bilberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
Authors: Bernal Luisa Juana , Melo Laura Angélica , Díaz Moreno Consuelo
Published: November 2014

The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and the bilberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) are natural sources of antioxidants; they are known for their preventive role against degenerative diseases. In this study, the aromatic profile was evaluated using an electronic nose, including the antioxidant properties and the vitamin C, phenolic and anthocyanin contents during three stages of blackberry and bilberry ripening. A completely random statistical design was followed and the results presented differences in the aromatic profile: a higher anthocyanin content (1.59 mg of cyn-3-glu g-1 in the bilberry and 0.26 mg of cyn-3-glu g-1 in the blackberry) and total phenols (5.57 mg of caffeic acid g-1 bilberry and 2.68 mg caffeic acid g-1 blackberry). The behavior of the evaluated properties was independent in each of the fruits.
Efecto de la Inclusión de Inulina en Salmueras de Marinado sobre Mermas y Calidad Sensorial de Pechugas de Pollo
Authors: Muñoz Ohmen Segundo Álvaro , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso , López Vargas Jairo Humberto
Published: November 2014

Con el objeto de determinar la naturaleza del fluido y observar el efecto sobre su viscosidad, fueron evaluadas salmueras para marinado de pollo con 4% de sólidos, compuestos por sal (constante al 2% en la salmuera), proteína de soya (PV), fosfatos e inulina (I); estos últimos, en concentraciones que variaron de 0 a 2%, dando lugar a siete tratamientos, incluyendo un testigo sin I. Todas las salmueras presentaron el comportamiento reológico de un fluido newtoniano. Las salmueras con los mayores porcentajes de proteína vegetal tuvieron mayores valores de viscosidad. La salmuera correspondiente al tratamiento 2, con I al 1%, se seleccionó como la mejor, por su viscosidad (condiciones de aplicación) y concentración de proteína y fosfatos (legislación vigente); esta salmuera fue incorporada a dieciocho pechugas de pollo en niveles de inyección de 5, 10 y 15%, para evaluar su efecto en la capacidad de retención de la misma, mediante la determinación de pérdidas por descongelación y cocción; también fue realizado un análisis sensorial para observar sus efectos en las propiedades de textura, color, aroma, sabor y calidad general. Fue posible determinar que a mayores niveles de inyección la capacidad de retención de la salmuera se incrementa, tendencia que se mantiene luego del proceso de cocción. La capacidad de retención de salmuera del tratamiento correspondiente a inyección al 5%, con y sin I, presentó diferencias significativas respecto con la del 15% con I. Las apreciaciones sensoriales de color, sabor y aroma para las pechugas de pollo en todos los tratamientos tuvieron mejores valores que los de jugosidad y dureza, lo cual indica que sería necesario influir en la activación de las proteínas cárnicas para mejorar estas propiedades mediante la variación en la formulación. Las pechugas analizadas estuvieron dentro de los parámetros microbiológicos establecidos por la legislación colombiana para este tipo de derivados cárnicos, y el marinado no determinó un comportamiento diferente al control durante el tiempo estudiado.
Aplicación de Tecnología de Barreras para la Conservación de Mezclas de Vegetales Mínimamente Procesados
Authors: Escobar Hernández Alejandro , Márquez Cardozo Carlos Julio , Restrepo Flórez Claudia Estela , Pérez Córdoba Luis Jaime
Published: November 2014

Los vegetales son componentes esenciales de la dieta humana y su procesamiento trae como consecuencia el rápido deterioro ocasionado por el aumento de las reacciones metabólicas, esto hace necesario que se utilicen tecnologías emergentes de conservación. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la tecnología de barreras (desinfección, tratamiento térmico, recubrimiento comestible, atmósfera modificada y refrigeración) sobre la vida útil de una mezcla de vegetales mínimamente procesados compuesta por brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. itálica), coliflor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), chayote (Sechium edule), apio (Apium graveolens) y zanahoria (Daucus carota). Las barreras fueron aplicadas a las hortalizas para luego ser envasadas en dos tipos de bandejas (empaque en atmósfera modificada y empaque en bandeja sello plus). Los vegetales se almacenaron durante 12 días en refrigeración (4 °C y 95% HR), se llevaron a cabo análisis microbiológicos, físico-químicos y sensoriales, y un estudio de vida útil. Los resultados mostraron que el proceso de desinfección con NaClO 100 ppm y el tratamiento térmico de 60 °C durante 2 min, tuvieron efecto en la reducción de la población microbiana para el día cero de evaluación. La calidad general se conservó para los 12 días de almacenamiento, en la zanahoria, chayote, coliflor y apio. La evaluación fisicoquímica presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas de los parámetros evaluados con respecto al tiempo de almacenamiento. El estudio de vida útil arrojó tiempos de 7 y 5 días para la mezcla de vegetales empacada en bandeja sello plus en atmósfera modificada, respectivamente. La combinación de barreras se muestra como alternativa viable en la conservación de mezclas de vegetales mínimamente procesados.
Physicochemical Evaluation of Cachama Fillets (Piaractus brachypomus) Preserved with Propolis during Storage
Authors: Suárez Mahecha Héctor , Jiménez Toquica Álvaro , Díaz Moreno Amanda Consuelo
Published: November 2014

The bioactive compounds that propolis contains present diverse components that can diminish the deterioration of compounds such as fat and certain microorganisms that can affect fish fillets during refrigerated storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preserving capacity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) in cachama fish fillets (Piaractus brachypomus). The treatments carried out were: (1) ethyl alcohol (96%) as the control; (2) 0.8% EEP; (3) 1.2% EEP; and (4) liquid smoke. Analyses were carried out for total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, pH and water loss for 0, 8, 16 and 24 days of storage at 4 ºC with vacuum packaging. The results presented the highest values of the TBARS and TVBN analyses for the liquid smoke treatment and the lowest values for the EEP treatments, demonstrating a significant difference between the treatments (P<0.05); however, the best water retention capacity was seen in the fillets treated with liquid smoke. The results for pH did not present significant differences between the treatments (P>0.05) during the storage period. The results suggest that EEP can preserve physicochemical characteristics during the shelf life of refrigerated, vacuum packed cachama fillets.
Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes of Spongospora subterranea Using 454 Pyrosequencing
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez Pablo Andrés , Alzate Juan Fernando , Montoya Mauricio Marín
Published: November 2014

Spongospora subterranea, the causal agent of Potato powdery scab, is an important soil-borne obligate protozoan commonly found in Andean soils. This is a serious problem that causes cosmetic damage on the skin of tubers and induces root gall formation, diminishing the yield and commercial value of the potato. Genetic studies on S. subterranea are difficult due to its obligate parasitism, which explains the lack of available knowledge on its basic biology. S. subterranea is a member of the Plasmodiophorida order, a protist taxa that includes other important plant pathogens such as Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora nasturtii. Little is known about the genomes of Plasmodiophorida; however, with the use of Next-Generation Sequencing technologies combined with appropriate bioinformatic techniques, it is possible to obtain genomic sequences from obligate pathogens such as S. subterranea. To gain a better understanding of the biology of this pathogen and Plasmodiophorida in general, DNA sequences from a cystosori-enriched sample of S. subterranea were obtained using 454 pyrosequencing technology. As a first step in understanding the nutritional requirements of S. subterranea as well as its infective and resistance structures, we present a bioinformatic analysis of 24 contigs related to genes involved in the glycolysis, starch, celullose and chitin metabolism. Intron structure and codon usage is also discussed. The genes analyzed in this study are a good source of information for studies aimed at characterizing these enzymes in vitro, as well as the generation of new methods for the molecular detection of S. subterranea in either soils or infected plants.
Efecto de la Infección de Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea en Hospederos Alternos
Authors: Arcila Aristizábal Ivón Magaly , González Jaimes Elena Paola , Zuluaga Amaya Catalina María , Marín Montoya Mauricio Alejandro , Cotes Torres José Miguel
Published: November 2014

Como una de las posibles medidas de manejo de aplicación práctica para la reducción de inóculo de Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea en suelos infestados con quistosoros del patógeno, se evaluó la incidencia de su infección en diferentes plantas hospederas durante tres siembras consecutivas. Las siembras se realizaron en macetas que contenían 2 kg de suelo previamente inoculados con una concentración de 1x105 quistosoros.g-1 de suelo; las cosechas de las plantas se realizaron cada tres meses, seleccionando dos muestras de raíz por maceta, una para observación de estructuras del patógeno por microscopía de luz, previa tinción con azul de tripano al 0,05% y otra para detección molecular mediante PCR en tiempo real (qPCR). Para el análisis estadístico se evaluaron los modelos Exponencial y Monomolecular, con el objetivo de seleccionar el que mejor se ajustara a los datos obtenidos. Según el valor estimado para la incidencia de estructuras del patógeno en las raíces, en las especies Cyphomandra betacea, Physalis peruvianum, Solanum nigrum, Allium cepa, Solanum quitoense y Rumex crispus, se reduce la presencia de quistosoros y zoosporangios después de tres siembras consecutivas en condiciones de casa de malla, mientras que en las especies Petroselinum crispum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Zea mays y Solanum lycopersicum se aumenta la incidencia de estructuras de S. subterranea f. sp. subterranea en las raíces.