bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the wave turbulence theory of 2D gravity waves, I: Deterministic energy estimates
Authors: Deng Yu , Ionescu Alexandru D. , Pusateri Fabio
Published: September 2024

Our goal in this paper is to initiate the rigorous investigation of wave turbulence and derivation of wave kinetic equations (WKEs) for water waves models. This problem has received intense attention in recent years in the context of semilinear models, such as Schrödinger equations or multidimensional KdV‐type equations. However, our situation here is different since the water waves equations are quasilinear and solutions cannot be constructed by iteration of the Duhamel formula due to unavoidable derivative loss. This is the first of two papers in which we design a new strategy to address this issue. We investigate solutions of the gravity water waves system in two dimensions. In the irrotational case, this system can be reduced to an evolution equation on the one‐dimensional interface, which is a large torus of size . Our first main result is a deterministic energy inequality, which provides control of (possibly large) Sobolev norms of solutions for long times, under the condition that a certain ‐type norm is small. This energy inequality is of “quintic” type: if the norm is , then the increment of the high‐order energies is controlled for times of the order , consistent with the approximate quartic integrability of the system. In the second paper in this sequence, we will show how to use this energy estimate and a propagation of randomness argument to prove a probabilistic regularity result up to times of the order , in a suitable scaling regime relating and . For our second main result, we combine the quintic energy inequality with a bootstrap argument using a suitable ‐norm of Strichartz‐type to prove that deterministic solutions with Sobolev data of size are regular for times of the order . In particular, on the real line, solutions exist for times of order . This improves substantially on all the earlier extended lifespan results for 2D gravity water waves with small Sobolev data.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of a Generic Ticagrelor 90‐mg Formulation Versus the Innovator Product in Healthy White Subjects Under Fasting Conditions
Authors: Rizea‐Savu Simona , Duna Simona Nicoleta , Ghita Adrian , Iordachescu Adriana , Garlea Ioana , Chirila Marinela
Published: September 2024

Ticagrelor is a key antiplatelet agent used to prevent thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This open‐label, 2‐period, crossover Phase I study assessed the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a generic ticagrelor 90‐mg formulation compared to the innovator product under fasting conditions. Twenty‐eight healthy White adults participated in the study. Each participant received a single dose of either the test or reference formulation, followed by a 7‐day washout period before switching to the alternate formulation. Plasma concentrations of ticagrelor were measured using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Statistical analysis of primary pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration, showed bioequivalence with test/reference ratios of 110.9% and 107.1%, respectively, and 90% confidence intervals within the 80%‐125% regulatory range. Treatment‐emergent adverse events, such as headache, dysphagia, and dizziness, were moderate and transient and resolved promptly, with no significant difference in incidence between the formulations. These results confirm that the generic ticagrelor formulation is bioequivalent to the innovator product, supporting its use as an interchangeable option in clinical practice.
Applications of blockchain technology in privacy preserving and data security for real time (data) applications
Authors: Deshmukh Sushama A. , Kasar Smita
Published: September 2024

Blockchain (BC) technology has been incorporated into the infrastructure of different kinds of applications that require transparency, reliability, security, and traceability. However, the BC still has privacy issues because of the possibility of privacy leaks when using publicly accessible transaction information, even with the security features offered by BCs. Specifically, certain BCs are implementing security mechanisms to address data privacy to prevent privacy issues, facilitates attack‐resistant digital data sharing and storage platforms. Hence, this proposed review aims to give a comprehensive overview of BC technology, to shed light on security issues related to BC, and to emphasize the privacy requirements for existing applications. Many proposed BC applications in asset distribution, data security, the financial industry, the Internet of Things, the healthcare sector, and AI have been explored in this article. It presents necessary background knowledge about BC and privacy strategies for obtaining these security features as part of the evaluation. This survey is expected to assist readers in acquiring a complete understanding of BC security and privacy in terms of approaches, ideas, attributes, and systems. Subsequently, the review presents the findings of different BC works, illustrating several efforts that tackled privacy and security issues. Further, the review offers a positive strategy for the previously described integration of BC for security applications, emphasizing its possible significant gaps and potential future development to promote BC research in the future.
Phosphonate‐Substituted Pyrazinoporphyrin – a General Photocatalyst for Efficient Sulfoxidation
Authors: Polivanovskaia Daria A. , Abdulaeva Inna A. , Birin Kirill P. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: September 2024

An exceptional efficiency of pyrazine‐annelated porphyrin as a general photocatalyst for the oxidation of organic sulfides is demonstrated. It is shown that phosphonate‐substituted pyrazinoporphyrin 2H‐1 brings together sufficient photostability and high efficiency in the aerobic photooxidation of a series of various sulfides. The influence of the reaction conditions onto the efficiency of homogeneous sulfide photooxidation in the presence of the photosensitizer (PS) was investigated and strong dependence on the solvent system was observed. The use of methanol is required for the photocatalytic sulfoxidation and the ratio of the alcohol/other solvent can significantly affect the conversion and selectivity of the reaction. The application of the prepared PS in 0.001 mol % loading allowed achieving complete conversion (97–100 %, turnover number up to 1,00,000, turnover frequency up to 6250 h−1) of substrates bearing substituents of different nature, namely aromatic and aliphatic sulfides with donor or acceptor substituents and substituents prone to oxidation, as well as cyclic sulfides. The selectivity of the of the corresponding sulfoxides formation of 96–100 % was revealed. Finally, a gram‐scale synthesis of several sulfoxides was successfully performed with the PS under investigation, providing desired products in 66–96 % yield with over 98 % purity.
SG12 regulates grain size by affecting cell proliferation in rice
Authors: Hu Li , Zeng Jierui , Diao Xue , Zhong Yutong , Zhou Xiaorong , Wang Hao , Hu Xiaoling , Yuan Hua
Published: September 2024

The grain size of rice (Oryza sativa) plays a pivotal role in determining yield. It is crucial to explore the genes related to grain size and analyze their molecular mechanisms to enhance rice yield further. This study identified a small‐grain mutant small grain 12 (sg12), from the ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutant library of Shuhui 498, a backbone parent of heavy‐panicle hybrid rice. We found that sg12 rice mutant exhibits a decrease in grain size and 1000‐grain weight, but an increase in grain number per panicle. Genetic analysis indicated that the small grain of sg12 is controlled by a pair of semi‐dominant genes. Furthermore, cytological analysis showed that the number of longitudinal cells in the spikelet hull of sg12 decreased, indicating that SG12 regulates grain size by affecting cell proliferation. In this study, we also identified a candidate gene of SG12 as OsPPKL3, which encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch‐like repeat domains. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism substitution (G/A) occurred in the conserved Kelch domain of OsPPKL3 in the sg12, resulting in the mutation of the 176th amino acid from Ala to Thr, and this amino acid substitution led to significant differences in the three‐dimensional structure of the OsPPKL3 protein. Finally, genetic analysis indicated that OsPPKL3 regulates grain size independent of Oryza sativa BRI1‐associated receptor kinase 1 (OsBAK1) and Oryza sativa Brassinosteroid‐signaling kinase 2 (OsBSK2). Overall, this study identified a new allelic mutant of OsPPKL3, clarified the cytological basis of OsPPKL3 regulating grain size, and emphasized the crucial role of the 176th amino acid in the Kelch domain of OsPPKL3 for its biological function. Our results provided important resources for further studying the molecular mechanisms of OsPPKL3 regulating grain size in rice.
Risk of nutrient leaching following over‐irrigation of two warm‐season turfgrasses with recycled water
Authors: McLoughlin Patrick H. , Sierra Augustinus I. Alejandra , Arevalo Alvarenga A. Fernanda , Schiavon Marco
Published: September 2024

Recent climatic shifts have driven increased demand for recycled water as an irrigation source, with many counties in Florida imposing sanctions on irrigation allowances for lawns. Given these sanctions, there is a need to understand the ways this resource may amplify problems due to common lawn care malpractices that still occur, such as overwatering. A greenhouse study was conducted at the UF/IFAS Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center in the spring of 2022 and 2023 to better understand how recycled water irrigation interacts with granular fertilizer applications on nutrient leaching and performance of “CitraBlue” St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walter] Kuntze) and “Celebration” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers). Turfgrass was grown within lysimeters filled with Mason sand, fertilized at 49 kg N ha−2 with controlled release (42–0–0) fertilizer or unfertilized, and irrigated with either recycled or potable water. Recycled water was found to significantly increase the amount of orthophosphate in leachate (∼2×) among both grass species in both years, as well as amount of nitrate in leachate (∼4×) from St. Augustinegrass. Bermudagrass systems leached more nitrate based on either fertilizer applications or water source depending on the year. Ammonium leaching was positively influenced by water source among both grass species, with recycled water inducing the most presence of ammonium in bermudagrass. Water source was the main driver of cumulative nutrient presence in the leachate across species. Overuse of recycled water irrigation, despite not affecting turfgrass performance, was markedly associated with increased nutrient levels in the leachate.
Health literacy, but not memory, is associated with hippocampal connectivity in adults with low levels of formal education
Authors: de Paula França Resende Elisa , Lara Vivian P. , Santiago Ana Luisa C. , Friedlaender Clarisse V. , Rosen Howard J. , Brown Jesse A. , Cobigo Yann , Silva Lênio L. G. , Cruz de Souza Leonardo , Rincon Luciana , Grinberg Lea T. , Maciel Francisca I. P. , Caramelli Paulo
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

The influence of hippocampal connectivity on memory performance is well established in individuals with high educational attainment. However, the role of hippocampal connectivity in illiterate populations remains poorly understood.

METHODS

Thirty‐five illiterate adults were administered a literacy assessment (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults [TOFHLA]), structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and an episodic memory test (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test). Illiteracy was defined as a TOFHLA score < 53. We evaluated the correlation between hippocampal connectivity at rest and both free recall and literacy scores.

RESULTS

Participants were mostly female (57.1%) and self‐declared as being Black individuals (84.8%), with a median age of 50 years. The median TOFHLA literacy score was 28.0 [21.0; 42.5] out of 100 points and the median free recall score was 30.0 [26.2; 35] out of 48 points. The median gray matter volume of both the left and right hippocampi was 2.3 [2.1; 2.4] cm3. We observed a significant connectivity between both hippocampi and the precuneus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. The right hippocampal connectivity positively correlated with the literacy scores (β = 0.58, P = 0.008). There was no significant association between episodic memory and hippocampal connectivity. Neither memory nor literacy scores correlated with hippocampal gray matter volume.

DISCUSSION

Low literacy levels correlated with hippocampal connectivity in illiterate adults. The lack of association with memory scores might be associated with low brain reserve in this sample.

Highlights

A significant link was found between health literacy and hippocampal connectivity.

Enhanced hippocampus– ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity suggests potential cognitive reserve improvement.

Higher cognitive reserve may protect against hippocampal atrophy and neurodegeneration.

Health literacy improvements could help prevent cognitive impairment in illiterate populations.

Study highlights importance of considering structural racism in brain connectivity research.
Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in colouration among sunbird species (Nectariniidae)
Authors: Nicolaï M. P. J. , Rogalla S. , Yousefi M. , Bowie R. C. K. , D'Alba L. , Shawkey M. D.
Published: September 2024

How extravagant ornamental traits evolve is a key question in evolutionary biology. Bird plumages are among the most elaborate ornaments, displaying almost all colours of the rainbow. Why and how birds evolved to be so colourful remains an open question with multiple and sometimes competing hypotheses. Different colours in different patches (i.e. body parts) might have different functions and thus result from different forms of selection (e.g. natural vs. sexual selection). Here we test the influence of three factors on colour diversity in sunbirds: (1) geographical distance, (2) differences in light environment and (3) phylogenetic distances. We show that both natural and sexual selection affect the evolution of sunbird colouration, but that their extent and direction differs between sexes, and varies with the extent of species overlap and across different patches on the body. Even though overlap in light environment partially explains colour differences among species, no colour metric (brightness, hue or chroma) covaries with light environment. Our results suggest that multiple forms of selection influence the colouration of different colour patches in different ways across an organism's body, highlighting the need to investigate colouration as a network of individual but inter‐connected colour patches. These results are likely to be generalizable across the multitude of colourful animals.
Hookworm prevalence in ocelots in Costa Rica is inconsistent with spillover from domestic dogs despite high overlap
Authors: Vargas Soto Juan S. , Gostic Katelyn M. , Melnycky Natalka A. , Johnson Julianna G. , Dobson Andrew P. , Lafferty Kevin D. , Standley Claire J. , Molnár Péter K.
Published: September 2024

Spatial overlap between wildlife and related domestic animals can lead to disease transmission, with substantial evidence for viral and bacterial spillover. Domestic and wild animals can also share potentially harmful helminth parasites, many of which have environmental transmission stages that do not require direct contact between hosts. We used camera traps, fecal sampling, and mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential for hookworm parasites to spillover from domestic dogs to wild cats in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Traditional microscopy was found to be more sensitive than DNA‐based diagnostics for parasites, though the methods were complementary. We found high hookworm (Ancylostoma spp.) prevalence in domestic dogs (74.2%, 95% CI: 67.0%–80.7%, N = 155), and considerable spatial overlap with ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and pumas (Puma concolor), particularly on trails and dirt roads. Pumas had hookworm prevalence of 36.4% (18.6%–57.2%, N = 22), and ocelots had 27.3% (7.6%–56.5%, N = 11); however, molecular identification of these parasites was inconclusive. We developed a macroparasite transmission model to infer the likelihood of spillover, compared with separate parasite cycles, or different parasite species in each host. According to the model, spillover of hookworm from dogs would lead to a prevalence of less than 10% in wild hosts. Low presumed compatibility between wild hosts and parasites adapted to domestic species limits the prevalence that could be reached in wild species, even under potentially higher overlap. The prevalence observed was more consistent with a model that assumes hookworms in wild cats in the Osa are a cat‐specific parasite. The combination of parasitology, molecular diagnostics, and mathematical modeling used here could complement wildlife disease monitoring programs worldwide to shed light on understudied helminth–host dynamics at the domestic–wild animal interface.
Meta‐analysis of sotagliflozin, a dual sodium‐glucose‐cotransporter 1/2 inhibitor, for heart failure in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bantounou Maria Anna , Sardellis Panagiotis , Plascevic Josip , Awaes‐Mahmood Ribeya , Kaczmarek Justyna , Black Boada Daniel , Thuemmler Rosa , Philip Sam
Published: September 2024

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporters (SGLTs) mediate sodium and glucose transport across cell membranes. SGLT2 inhibitors have a recognized place within heart failure (HF) guidelines. We evaluated the effect of sotagliflozin on HF and cardiovascular outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes. Scopus, Medline, Embase and Central were searched from inception until 2 June 2023. Randomized controlled trials evaluating sotagliflozin in type 2 diabetes participants and reporting HF events were selected. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used. Pooled mean difference (MD), relative risk (RR), 95% confidence intervals and the number needed to treat (NNT) were estimated (PROSPERO: CRD42023432732). We selected nine studies (n = 15 320 participants: n = 8040 intervention and n = 7280 control). The median follow‐up was 13.4 months (Q1 = 13, Q3 = 21). One study recruited participants with HF at baseline. After a follow‐up of >52 weeks, sotagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of HF [n = 8 studies; RR = 0.66 (0.64, 0.69)], stroke [n = 6 studies; RR = 0.75 (0.58, 0.97)] and MACE [n = 8 studies; RR = 0.73 (0.66, 0.81)]. The NNT was 20 and 26 for HF and MACE, respectively. Sotagliflozin lowered systolic blood pressure [n = 7; MD = −2.38 mmHg (−2.79, −1.97)]. No dose‐dependent effect was identified for HF [200 mg: RR = 0.38 (0.16, 0.89), 400 mg: RR = 0.57 (0.39, 0.85), P‐value = 0.22]. The high risk of bias was a limitation of this review. Sotagliflozin reduced HF and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes participants. Research exploring its effects in HF and comparisons with SGLT2 inhibitors is warranted to determine if dual SGLT inhibition surpasses selective inhibition.
Multi‐Threshold Analysis for Chemical Space Mapping of Ni‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Couplings
Authors: LeSueur Austin , Tao Nari , Doyle Abigail , Sigman Matthew
Published: September 2024

A key challenge in synthetic chemistry is the selection of high‐performing ligands for cross‐coupling reactions. To address this challenge, this work presents a classification workflow to identify physicochemical descriptors that bin monophosphine ligands as active or inactive in Ni‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions. Using five previously published high‐throughput experimentation datasets for training, we found that a binary classifier using a phosphine's minimum buried volume and Boltzmann‐averaged minimum electrostatic potential is most effective at distinguishing high and low‐yielding ligands. Experimental validations are also presented. Using the two physicochemical descriptors from the binary classifier to represent the chemical space of monophosphine ligands leads to a more predictive guide for structure‐reactivity relationships compared with classic chemical space representations.
SKALP: Secure key agreement and lightweight protocol for dew‐assisted IoT enabled edge computing
Authors: Jan Saeed Ullah , Ghani Anwar , Alzahrani Abdulrahman , Tariq Muhammad Usman , Algarni Fahad , Naqvi Husnain Abbas
Published: September 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that has found applications in diverse domains, including automation, logistics, grid, transportation, healthcare, and more. In these domains, IoT systems generate a significant amount of data, which can be stored in a cloud. However, cloud computing may not be practical in certain delay‐sensitive IoT applications with complex operations. To address this, fog and edge computing paradigms have been introduced, but they rely on a reliable internet connection for proper functioning. The dew computing paradigm, a novel concept, allows the execution of various applications in the IoT environment, with or without internet connectivity. However, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity during transmission and storage in such an environment remains a significant challenge. Therefore, a fail‐safe and highly effective security mechanism is yet to be proposed. This study introduces a protocol that utilizes the elliptic curve cryptography and secure hash algorithm to design a secure key agreement and lightweight protocol (SKALP). SKALP security is formally analyzed using BAN (Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham) logic, ROM (Random Oracle Model), RoR (Real‐Or‐Random) model, and ProVerif (Protocol Verifier) simulation while informally discussing it to evaluate its resistance against well‐known attacks. Additionally, the performance analysis of SKALP considers the costs associated with communication and computation. The findings from the comparative analysis indicate that the SKALP demonstrates a higher level of superiority than its competitors.
Look to the future, evaluators: Why we should incorporate futures and foresight into building and evaluating theories of change
Authors: Ruedy Liz , Clark Jessica
Published: September 2024

This article makes the case that the traditional construction of theories of change fails to adequately interrogate blind spots about the volatility of our current moment, or consider alternative futures. To substantiate this assertion, the authors draw from their roles as participant‐observers in developing a futures and foresight practice at Democracy Fund, a foundation focused on supporting an “inclusive, multi‐racial democracy that is open, just, resilient, and trustworthy.” The authors provide an overview of whether and how Democracy Fund's practice, which is structured around understanding how a system might respond to sources of disruption, has helped the organization prepare for significant change within a system—and develop theories of change that remain relevant. Authors discuss how the future studies and foresight methods they have used, which include scenario planning and trend‐sensing, deserve more widespread use in the evaluation community, particularly when it comes to developing and evaluating theories of change.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate with ultrasound on reduced‐salt Chaozhou beef meatballs quality: Physicochemical and sensory properties
Authors: You Qian , Mao Runxiang , Yuan Yukun , Zhang Ling , Tian Xingguo , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to create a reduced‐salt version of Chaozhou beef meatballs (CBMs) by employing ultrasound treatment (0 and 30 min) combined with sodium bicarbonate (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%). The ultrasound‐assisted sodium bicarbonate treatment significantly enhanced pH, salt‐soluble protein solubility (SSP), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and storage modulus (G′) of the CBMs (p < 0.05). Specifically, after treatment, the increase in pH value promoted the solubilization of SSP, with the content increasing from 28.23% to 56.53%. Moreover, the initial relaxation times (T21 and T22) were shortened, indicating a decrease in water mobility, as evidenced by an increase in WHC from 85% to 87%. Furthermore, the ultrasound treatment effectively facilitated protein unfolding, increased β‐sheet secondary structure content, augmented hydrogen and disulfide bond proportions, and resulted in a denser and more uniform gel structure. Consequently, the hardness of the CBMs was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that the treated reduced‐salt CBMs were comparable to those produced by conventional methods. Therefore, combining sodium bicarbonate with ultrasound treatment is a viable approach to mitigate the negative effects of reduced salt content and produce high‐quality reduced‐salt CBMs.
Detection of adulteration in Iranian grape molasses added glucose/fructose/sugar beet syrups with 13C/12C isotope ratio analysis method
Authors: Jamali Vahid , Emamifar Aryou , Beiginejad Hadi , Moradi Mohammad , Rasouli Mousa
Published: September 2024

Grape molasses (GM), produced from grapes, is a traditional Iranian food and is widely consumed in Iran. However, GM adulteration is among the most widespread illegitimate procedures involving contamination of food with foreign materials, such as adding sugar–water solution, date syrup, sugar beet syrup, and grape sauce. This study used stable carbon 13C/12C isotope ratio analysis method to detect adulteration of GM samples with glucose syrups (GS), fructose syrups (FS), and beet sugar syrups (BS) at the ratio of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% (by weight). Physicochemical properties of GM including °Brix, conductivity, specific gravity, pH, moisture content, ash content, hydroxymethyl furfural, sugar content, and rheological properties of samples were investigated. The δ13C isotope ratio of the GM was determined as −26.61%, that of the GS as −13.23%, that of the FS as −13.42%, and that of the BS as −16.58%. The δ13C isotope ratio increased by the addition of adulterant syrups to GM. The addition of each adulterant syrup had a different effect on the physicochemical parameters; however, the °Brix and specific gravity had a positive correlation with the δ13C isotope ratio results. The magnitudes of G' and G" increase with an increase in frequency representing the viscoelastic behavior of samples. The obtained results of this study suggest the use of δ13C isotope ratio method as a fast and accurate method to investigate the adulteration of grape molasses.
Effects of heat treatment and ultraviolet radiation on physicochemical, microbiological, and bioactive properties of shalgam juice
Authors: Erol Kubra Feyza , Kutlu Gozde , Baslar Mehmet , Tornuk Fatih
Published: September 2024

Herein, we aimed to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive, microbial, and sensory properties of 5 different ultraviolet (UV) treatment conditions, varying in flow rate (1.5–2.5–3.5 L/min), temperature (5–25°C), and UV‐intensities (5.1–10.1 mW/cm2), along with heat treatment (HT, 72°C for 20 s), and untreated samples (C) over a storage period of 150 days. At the beginning of storage, the samples exhibited a dry matter content ranging from 2.15% to 2.38%, pH levels ranging from 3.46 to 3.53, and total acidity between 6.35 and 6.51 mg/L. L* values were recorded between 33.09 and 33.50, while ΔC values ranged from 9.13 to 9.24. However, by the end of storage, these values had changed to 2.28–2.43% for dry matter, 3.47–3.49 for pH, 6.22–6.35 mg/L for acidity, 34.94–35.57 for L* values, and 6.95–7.01 for ΔC values. Throughout storage, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast and molds were measured at the highest levels in the C samples when compared to HT and UV‐treated samples. At the end of storage, compared to the initial values, TMAB levels in UV‐treated samples decreased from 3.29–4.80 log cfu/mL to 3.13–3.92 log cfu/mL. On the other hand, compared to the initial values (3.29–4.01 log cfu/mL), LAB levels decreased by 1.93–2.42 log cfu/mL by the end of storage. Initially, in UV‐treated samples, the TPC (total phenolic content) ranged from 398.15 to 403.86 mg GAE/g, DPPH antioxidant activity ranged from 811.52 to 834.89 mg TE/L, and TAC (total anthocyanin content) ranged from 5.58 to 5.74 mg/L. By the end of storage, an increase was observed in all bioactive properties analyzed. Furthermore, UV treatment positively impacted the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds compared to the HT‐treated sample. Overall, this study confirms that UV‐C technology can be used as an alternative method for extending the shelf life of shalgam juice while preserving its sensory and bioactive attributes.
Comprehensive Analyses of Somatic Copy Number Alterations and Mutations Based on the Adenoma–Carcinoma Sequence
Authors: Sugai Tamotsu , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Uesugi Noriyuki , Habano Wataru , Yanagawa Naoki , Suzuki Hiromu
Published: September 2024

Aims

Identifying molecular alterations in the adenoma and carcinoma components within the same tumor would greatly contribute to understanding the neoplastic progression of early colorectal cancer.

Methods and Results

We examined somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and mutations involved in the adenoma and carcinoma components obtained from the same tumor in 46 cases of microsatellite‐stable carcinoma in adenoma, using a genome‐wide SNP array and gene mutation panel. In addition, we also performed hierarchical clustering to determine the SCNA frequencies in the tumors, resulting in stratification of the samples into two subgroups according to SCNA frequency. Subgroup 1 was characterized by multiple SCNAs and carcinoma components exclusively, while Subgroup 2 was characterized by a low frequency of SCNAs and both the adenoma and carcinoma components. The numbers of total genes and genes with gains were higher in the carcinoma than adenoma components. The three most frequent gains in both components were located at 1p36.33–1q44, 2p25.3–2q37.3, and 3p26.3–3q29. However, no candidate genes mapped to these regions. APC and KRAS mutations were common in both components, whereas the frequency of TP53 mutations was statistically higher in the carcinoma than adenoma component. However, TP53 mutations were not correlated with SCNA frequency.

Conclusions

We suggest that considerable SCNAs and TP53 mutations are required for progression from adenoma to carcinoma within the same intramucosal neoplastic lesion.
Task‐specific topology of brain networks supporting working memory and inhibition
Authors: Adamovich Timofey , Ismatullina Victoria , Chipeeva Nadezhda , Zakharov Ilya , Feklicheva Inna , Malykh Sergey
Published: September 2024

Network neuroscience explores the brain's connectome, demonstrating that dynamic neural networks support cognitive functions. This study investigates how distinct cognitive abilities—working memory and cognitive inhibitory control—are supported by unique brain network configurations constructed by estimating whole‐brain networks using mutual information. The study involved 195 participants who completed the Sternberg Item Recognition task and Flanker tasks while undergoing electroencephalography recording. A mixed‐effects linear model analyzed the influence of network metrics on cognitive performance, considering individual differences and task‐specific dynamics. The findings indicate that working memory and cognitive inhibitory control are associated with different network attributes, with working memory relying on distributed networks and cognitive inhibitory control on more segregated ones. Our analysis suggests that both strong and weak connections contribute to cognitive processes, with weak connections potentially leading to a more stable and support networks of memory and cognitive inhibitory control. The findings indirectly support the network neuroscience theory of intelligence, suggesting different functional topology of networks inherent to various cognitive functions. Nevertheless, we propose that understanding individual variations in cognitive abilities requires recognizing both shared and unique processes within the brain's network dynamics.
Identifying data elements and key features to design a telerehabilitation system for speech and language disorders in children with hearing impairments in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ebrahimi Saeid , Zakerabbasali Somayeh , Oryadi Majid , Maryam Vahab  , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Zahra
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Designing and implementing telerehabilitation systems would require the identification of data elements to meet disabled people's needs. An in‐depth study on the identification and validation of data elements can help design and implement telerehabilitation systems successfully. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and validate data elements to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children in Iran.

Methods

This descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted in three steps including literature review, focused group discussion, and Delphi technique implementation to extract and validate data elements. In the first step, the literature on electronic databases was reviewed to extract the data elements of telerehabilitation systems, and nine studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In the second step, a focused group discussion was held to review and classify the extracted data elements. Finally, the Delphi technique was employed to validate the drafted data elements.

Results

In total, 352 data elements were extracted from the literature review. Finally, 102 data elements in 10 categories (Demographic and Clinical information of the disabled person, Clinical history, Demographic information of the provider, Customization of exercises, Reminders, Online and offline counseling, and training, Reporting, Key features of the system, Evaluation of the progress of the disabled person) were classified and validated by experts as essential data elements to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children.

Conclusions

The necessary data elements were proposed as the foundations to design a telerehabilitation system for the speech and language disorders of hearing‐impaired children. These data elements help design and implement telerehabilitation systems successfully so that such systems can easily be provided for children with hearing disabilities.
Rayleigh waves in nonlocal orthotropic thermoelastic medium with diffusion
Authors: Mallick Abhishek , Biswas Siddhartha
Published: September 2024

This study examines Rayleigh wave propagation dynamics in a nonlocal orthotropic medium with thermoelastic diffusion, utilizing Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory and the Lord–Shulman hyperbolic thermoelasticity model. Normal mode analysis is used to solve the problem, deriving the frequency equation for Rayleigh waves and analyzing specific cases. The elliptical path of surface particles and its eccentricity are calculated. Graphs illustrate the relationships of propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, penetration depth, and specific loss of Rayleigh waves concerning wave number for both thermally insulated and isothermal surfaces. The results reveal that the presence of nonlocal parameters and diffusion significantly increases the values of physical variables, especially with higher wave numbers, highlighting their considerable impact on the system's dynamics.
Enhancement of heat dissipation rate of a heat sink with perforated fins using CFD and Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Maji Ambarish , Deshamukhya Tuhin , Choubey Gautam
Published: September 2024

This study aims to enhance heat dissipation in a heat sink by using perforated pin fins. The research specifically explores circular pin fins with circular perforations that taper from one end to the other. Through three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the study evaluates the impact of tapered perforations on heat dissipation, performance, and pressure loss in circular fins. The results indicate that fins with perforations consistently achieve higher heat dissipation rates compared to solid fins, up to certain perforation sizes and numbers. Notably, fins with tapering in perforations, where the inner and outer diameters are 4 and 5 mm, respectively, exhibit the highest system performance, with a maximum increase of 6.1% over fins without tapering. Additionally, two advanced swarm intelligence algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Teaching Learning Based Algorithm (TLBO), were employed to assess the performance of heat sinks with both converging and diverging tapered perforations. The optimized results from TLBO were compared with those from PSO for validation. An intriguing discovery of this research is that fins with converging perforations achieve the highest system performance, followed by fins without tapering, and then fins with diverging perforations.
Message framing to enhance consumer compliance with disease detection communication for prevention: The moderating role of age
Authors: Pang Yuting , Wang Lili , Chen Fangyuan
Published: September 2024

Disease detection is critical throughout the consumer lifecycle. Effective communication not only influences consumers' motivation to participate in disease detection but also has a significant impact on prevention outcomes. While previous literature has examined the effectiveness of the gain frame versus the loss frame in motivating detection behaviors, existing studies have produced mixed results, with the underlying psychological process remaining unclear. The present research sheds light on these issues by examining the moderating role of age. Across four experiments, we demonstrate the interactive effects of age and message framing on the effectiveness of health communication advocating disease detection for prevention. We find that as age increases, gain‐framed disease detection appeals become more persuasive than loss‐framed appeals, and that information diagnosticity is one psychological mechanism driving this effect. This research contributes to the literature on framing effects, age differences in information processing, and health compliance persuasion. Our findings also provide insights into how to engage consumers of different ages in disease detection and subsequently enable better prevention and intervention.
Current trends and patterns of PFAS in agroecosystems and environment: A review
Authors: Verley Jackson C. , McLennon Everald , Rein Kathleen S. , Dikgang Johane , Kankarla Vanaja
Published: September 2024

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are one of the more well‐known highly persistent organic pollutants with potential risks to agroecological systems. These compounds are of global concern due to their persistence and mobility, and they often lead to serious impacts on environmental, agricultural, and human health. In the past 20 years, the number of science publications on PFAS has risen; despite this, certain fundamental questions about PFAS occurrence, sources, mechanism of transport, and impacts on agroecosystems and the societies dependent on them are still open and evolving. There is a lack of systematic and comprehensive analysis of these concerns in agroecosystems. Therefore, we reviewed the current literature on PFAS with a focus on agroecosystems; our review suggests that PFASs are nearly ubiquitous in agricultural systems. We found the current research has limitations in analyzing PFAS in complex matrices because of their small size, distribution, and persistence within various environmental systems. There is consistency in the properties and composition of PFAS in and around agroecosystems, suggesting evidence of shared sources and similar components within different tropic levels. The introduction of new and varied sources of PFAS appear to be growing, adding to their residual accumulation in environmental matrices and leading to possible new types of chemical compounds that are difficult to assess accurately. This review determines existing research trends, understands mechanisms and incidence of PFAS within agroecosystems and their impact on human health, and thereby recommends further studies to remedy research gaps.
On a Norine–Thomas conjecture concerning minimal bricks
Authors: Feng Xing
Published: September 2024

A 3‐connected graph is a brick if has a perfect matching, for each pair of vertices of . A brick is minimal if ceases to be a brick for every edge . Norine and Thomas proved that each minimal brick contains at least three vertices of degree three and made a stronger conjecture: there exists such that every minimal brick has at least cubic vertices. In this paper, we prove this conjecture holds for all minimal bricks of an average degree no less than 23/5. As its corollary, we show that each minimal brick on vertices contains more than vertices of degree at most four.
Synthesis of Benzofuran‐Based Hybrid Molecules: Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cortés‐García Carlos J. , Mercado‐Madrigal Aidme I. , Alejandre‐Castañeda Viridiana , Patiño‐Medina Jose Alberto , Castro‐Velázquez Verónica , Rodríguez‐González Vicente , Ramírez‐Díaz Martha Isela , Islas‐Jácome Alejandro , Rincón‐Guevara Mónica A. , Chacón‐García Luis , Meza‐Carmen Victor , Díaz‐Cervantes Erik
Published: September 2024

A rapid and efficient protocol for synthesizing two series of benzofuran‐based hybrid polyheterocycles is presented: benzofuran‐isatin and benzofuran N‐acylhydrazones, and evaluation of their antibacterial activity both in vitro and in silico against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 and PA14 were determined. Six of the tested compounds were shown to be active against the hypervirulent strain PA14. Docking studies were conducted using RNA polymerase sigmaS protein for P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PqsE protein for P. aeruginosa PA14 to provide additional insights into these results. A pharmacophore model was computed to suggest potential structural derivatives on the target molecules, offering further insights for future research. Finally, 40 novel compounds, including intermediates, were synthesized in a three‐step reaction.
Electromagnetic forces and their finite element computation
Authors: Henrotte François , Geuzaine Christophe
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the concepts of differential geometry that are necessary to establish a systematic definition for electromagnetic forces by means of a natural thermodynamic approach. It is shown that standard electromagnetic force formulae used in finite element computational electromagnetism are particular instances of that general approach. Finally, the paper offers a complete conceptual framework, as well as a mathematical toolbox, to derive electromagnetic force formulae for multi‐physics finite element models with complex materials.
Rapid Identification of Phytotoxins Produced by Glomerella cingulata Using High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry‐Based Qualification, Targeted Structural Confirmation and Their Characteristics Investigation
Authors: Yu Xin , Liu Zhiyang , Zhang Huidi , Wang Caixia , Lian Sen , Dong Xiangli , Li Baohua , Li Pingliang
Published: September 2024

Glomerella cingulata is a pathogenic fungus that can cause apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a new and destructive apple disease in China. Phytotoxins are important factors closely related to the disease process, but there is still no report on the phytotoxins of G. cingulata. The aim of this study was to rapidly identify the phytotoxins of this pathogen using a strategy of HRMS‐based preliminary qualification, followed by targeted structure confirmation and also investigation of phytotoxicity characteristics. First, the crude toxin sample was directly analyzed by the UPLC‐HRMS and GC‐MS, and the data were processed to screen for possible phytotoxic compounds using MS library and the phytotoxicity‐related literature. The reference standards of credible phytotoxic compounds were then subjected to targeted structure validation (signal comparison between standards and compounds in crude toxin via HPLC‐DAD, UPLC‐MS/MS, and GC‐MS), and also the phytotoxicity assay. The results confirmed six phytotoxins produced by G. cingulata, namely 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), 2‐furoic acid (FA), 2,3‐butanediol, trans‐aconitic acid (TAA), and cis‐aconitic acid (CAA). Of these, HMFCA and TAA exhibited greater phytotoxicity. Main characteristics: All of them were non‐host‐selective toxins, and toxins were synergistically phytotoxic to the host when mixed. BHMF, HMFCA, FA, TAA, and CAA could be commonly produced by all tested strains, and their phytotoxicity can be significantly inhibited or even eliminated at high temperatures or high pH. The elucidation of the phytotoxins of G. cingulata in this work could provide information on the pathogenesis and control of apple GLS.
Assessing the separate contribution of the domain, RCM and GCM to the uncertainty in CORDEX simulations over the overlapped regions that include Jordan
Authors: Alkhasoneh Hebah , Rowe Clinton
Published: September 2024

The Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) offers a framework for regional climate downscaling experiments over continental‐based domains that overlap; this allows for conducting multimodel analysis. However, a question is raised about the uncertainty due to domain selection. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of CORDEX simulations to the choices of domain, downscaling regional climate model (RCM) and driving global model (GCM) over a Middle East study region, including Jordan. Understanding these sensitivities helps assess simulation uncertainties and enhance regional climate change projections. Taylor diagrams and variance decomposition analyses were used to analyse seasonal temperature and precipitation climatologies. The results indicate that the domain contribution to variance is negligible, whereas the choice of GCM and RCM strongly influences simulations. Variance in temperature is significantly impacted by the driving model (GCM), whereas RCM has a higher influence on precipitation, which reflects their large‐scale versus local nature. The results of this study support the development of multidomain ensembles since projections produced by the same GCM–RCM model combination are consistent across different overlapping domains. On the other hand, this approach facilitates the consideration as well as a comprehensive quantification of the uncertainties arising from the utilization of multiple GCMs and RCMs within such an ensemble. This improves the reliability of regional climate information, thus facilitating the development of effective adaptation strategies and mitigation plans.