bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster and Trend Analysis of Rainfall Time Series in the Nakdong River Basin
Authors: Wang Won-joon , Kim Sam Eun , Song Jae Hyun , Lee Junhyeong , Kim Kyung Tak , Kim Hung Soo
Published: April 2022

In Korea, it is difficult to efficiently manage water resources, due to the variability of rainfall in addition to the increasing outflow due to climate change in recent years. Therefore, if the trends and characteristics of rainfall at each station can be identified in advance, the problems caused by the variability of rainfall can be effectively dealt with. In this study, the data on rainfall characteristics of 64 rainfall stations in the Nakdong river basin were collected for the period 2000 to 2019. The data were analyzed according to the elevation of each station using K-means cluster analysis, and the rainfall trends at each station were identified by homogeneity test and modified Mann-Kendall test. The analysis showed an increasing trend in March, April, November, December, spring and autumn, and a decreasing trend in January, May, September, summer and year. Also, based on the cluster analysis, it was confirmed that when the number of clusters was set to three, the rainfall characteristics were different depending on the elevation of each station. It is believed that linking the characteristics of rainfall by cluster and the results of trend analysis by station derived from the study can be used to come up with a water resource management plan that takes into account the variability of rainfall.
Assessment of Regional Drought Preparedness and Response Capacity on the Basis of Water Resources Shortage
Authors: Yoon Dong-Hyun , Nam Won-Ho , Jeon Min-Gi , An Hyun-Uk , Yoo Do-Guen , Park Moojong
Published: April 2022

Due to global climate change and weather fluctuations, weather phenomena such as global warming and increasing carbon dioxide concentration are intensifying. Climate change increases the frequency of natural disasters and has been affecting the occurrence of drought. In recent years, severe drought has been occurring all over the world. California in the United States experienced a mega drought from 2006 to 2016, Australia experienced a millennium drought from 2001 to 2009, and the Central and Northern African continent suffered a mega drought from 2005 to 2018. With regard to extreme drought events, depletion of water resources has continued for a long time, causing enormous damage that is difficult to restore socially and economically. Drought response strategy for South Korea has focused on drought recovery and emergency measures for drought damage. To respond to severe drought events, it is necessary to evaluate regional drought response capacity and drought preparedness. In this study, long-term water resource comprehensive plan, water management yearbook, and water statistics were used to evaluate drought response capabilities according to region, including resilience analysis such as local economy, drought preparation system, and drought training. The water resource shortage of each local government was calculated based on water demand and supply data, and drought response capability of the local government was analyzed by combining it with resilience analysis for drought. The results of this study can be used for long-term drought preparedness and establishment of countermeasures in the future through the evaluation of drought response capacity according to region.
A Case Study on the Calculation of Evacuation Demand for Outdoor Evacuation Sites: Focusing on the Use of Population Data
Authors: Lee Yoonha , Seo Hyuncheol
Published: April 2022

In Korea, following the Gyeongju earthquake, the selection criteria were prepared by dividing outdoor and indoor relief centers. A number of earthquake shelters have been designated and operated. However, although certain evaluation factors and indicators exist to assess the physical characteristics of earthquake shelters and the adequacy of their location, there is still no clear standard to be used for the calculation of evacuation demand. Therefore, in this study, the evacuation demand was calculated using the census population data and mobile location-based floating population data. The implications were then drawn to contribute to the establishment of standards for future evacuation plans. The results reveal that, assuming that mobile location-based floating population data are accurate, using census population data in calculating evacuation demand can cause a significant level of error. In the case of disasters such as earthquakes, where it is difficult to accurately predict when they will occur and on what scale, in both time and space, efforts are needed to reduce any uncertainty.
Novel Combination Immunotherapy and Clinical Activity in Patients With HPV-Associated Cancers
Authors: Floudas Charalampos S. , Goswami Meghali , Donahue Renee N. , Pastor Danielle M. , Redman Jason M. , Brownell Isaac , Turkbey Evrim B. , Cordes Lisa M. , Steinberg Seth M. , Manu Michell , Francis Deneise C. , Lamping Elizabeth , Marté Jennifer L. , Kackley Mary , Krauss Elizabeth , Manukyan Manuk , Jochems Caroline , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. , Strauss Julius
Published: February 2025

IMPORTANCE

Patients who experience progression of advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers and who have previously received first-line systemic treatment have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the clinical activity of the combination of the HPV type 16 therapeutic vaccine PDS0101, the tumor-targeting interleukin 12 antibody-drug conjugate PDS01ADC, and the bifunctional anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) bintrafusp alfa in advanced HPV-associated cancers.

DESIGN, Setting, and Participants

This nonrandomized clinical trial was phase 1/2 and investigator initiated, and was conducted at a single US cancer research center between June 2020 and July 2022. Patients with advanced or metastatic HPV-associated cancers were eligible, including patients who were both immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) naive and ICB resistant. The cutoff date for data analysis was May 13, 2024.

INTERVENTION

Patients received 1 mL of PDS0101 subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 6 doses then every 12 weeks for 2 additional doses, PDS01ADC, 16.8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 4 weeks or PDS01ADC, 8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 2 weeks, and bintrafusp alfa, 1200 mg, intravenously every 2 weeks.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

Objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 in ICB-naive patients.

RESULTS

Of the 50 eligible patients, 26 (52%) were men and the median age was 56 years (range, 28-80 years). The median (IQR) follow-up was 37.7 (30.6-42.0) months. Fourteen patients (28%) were ICB naive, with an ORR of 35.7% (95% CI, 12.8%-64.9%), and median overall survival (OS) 42.4 months (95% CI, 8.3 months-not estimable); in ICB-resistant patients, the ORR was 16.7% (6 of 36 patients; 95% CI, 6.4%-32.8%) and median OS was 15.8 months (95% CI, 9.0-21.3 months). Among patients with HPV-16–positive tumors (37 patients [74%]), in the ICB-naive group (8 patients [21.6%]) the ORR was 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5%-91.5%) and a median OS measure was not reached. Grade 3 and 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 26 of 50 patients (52%). There were no treatment-related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

In this trial, the combination of PDS0101, PDS01ADC, and bintrafusp alfa showed an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity and improved OS in patients with HPV-16–positive cancers, in both ICB-naive and ICB-resistant patients, warranting further evaluation of the combination of PDS0101 and PDS01ADC with simultaneous PD-L1/TGF-β inhibition in these populations.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04287868
Corneal Degeneration Secondary to Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Wang Hui-Xian , Cui Lan , Li Wen-Jing
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a diagnosis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a man aged 35 years who presented with redness and itching of both eyes since age 8 years.
Impact of acceleration treatment on treatment plan and delivery qualities in tomotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Shirata Ryosuke , Inoue Tatsuya , Ebinuma Yugo , Yamano Akihiro , Yagihashi Takayuki , Nagata Hironori , Minagawa Yumiko , Mukai Yuki , Sato Akiko , Omura Motoko
Published: February 2025

Background

Acceleration treatment (AT) is a novel treatment planning parameter introduced in the tomotherapy‐dedicated treatment planning system, Precision. This study explores the effects of AT on tomotherapy plans using helical (TomoHelical) and direct (TomoDirect) irradiation techniques.

Methods

This study enrolled 20 patients with lung cancer. Initially, 10 TomoHelical and 10 TomoDirect treatment plans were created for each patient, utilizing patient‐specific field width and pitch with an AT setting of 0. These original plans were subsequently reoptimized by changing only the AT values to 1, 4, 7, and 10 without changing other calculation parameters to assess the impact of AT on dosimetric and delivery parameters. Additionally, the deliverability of all plans was evaluated through patient‐specific quality assurance using gamma analysis.

Results

Increasing the AT from 0 to 10 led to a slight increase in maximum doses and a decrease in minimum doses within the target volume, thereby impairing dose homogeneity. Dose conformity to the target also deteriorated. Conversely, target coverage and delivery time improved considerably with higher AT values. Moreover, doses to organs at risk, including the lung, spinal cord, heart, and esophagus, remained clinically acceptable across all plans. Changes in these doses and the gamma pass rate in patient‐specific quality assurance were negligible with variations in AT. This trend was consistent across both delivery techniques.

Conclusion

AT is a crucial parameter in tomotherapy planning for modulating plan and delivery qualities. Higher AT values can enhance target coverage and delivery time efficiency.
Regulating the Electron Structure of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Enable Excellent Cycle Life and High Rate toward Advanced Zn−I2 Batteries
Authors: Tan Lichao , Wei Jing , Xue Linjiang , Luo Dan , Chen Guangyu , Chu Ying , Wang Jiayi , Zong Kai , Song Xiumei , Yang Lin , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2025

Aqueous Zn–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, high safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the poor electrical conductivity of iodine and shuttling of polyiodide limit the cycling life of Zn–I2 batteries. Herein, a polyiodide host material constructed by a trifluoromethyl‐functionalized covalent organic framework (F‐COF) is set to regulate the electronic structure and stable polyiodide shuttle. Strong electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl groups can improve the electrostatic potential and boost adsorption performance. The theoretical results manifest that F‐COF has a high adsorption capacity for polyiodide to inhibit the shuttle effect. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that I3− and I5− are the main form in the I−/I2 conversion process. Therefore, the F‐COF loaded with iodine (F‐COF‐I2) cathode achieves a specific capacity of 197 mAh g−1 at 1C and a Coulombic efficiency higher than 99.5%. In addition, it has a specific capacity of 112 mAh g−1 and can be stably cycled 40,000 times at 50C. Simultaneously, Zn corrosion can be restricted by F‐COF due to its polyiodide capture capacity. This work opens up a new avenue for the construction of polyiodide host materials with superior durability and electronic structure.
Miniaturized Liquid Metal Composite Circuits with Energy Harvesting Coils for Battery‐Free Bioelectronics and Optogenetics
Authors: Rocha Denis , Lopes Pedro , Peixoto Paulo , de Almeida Aníbal , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

Over the past years, rapid progress has been made on soft‐matter electronics for wearable and implantable devices, for bioelectronics and optogenetics. Liquid Metal (LM) based electronics are especially popular, due to their long‐term durability, when subject to repetitive strain cycles. However, one major limitation has been the need for tethering bioelectronics circuits to external power, or the use of rigid bulky batteries. This has motivated a growing interest in wireless energy transfer, which demands circuit miniaturization. However, miniaturization of LM circuits is challenging due to low LM‐substrate adhesion, LM smearing, and challenges on microchip‐interfacing. In this article, these challenges are addressed by high‐resolution laser‐assisted micropatterning of biphasic LM composites and vapor‐assisted LM microchip soldering. Through the development of a search algorithm for optimization of the biphasic ink coil performance, micro coils with trace spacing of 50 µm are designed and implemented that can harvest a significant amount of energy (178 mW cm−2) through near field inductive coupling. Miniaturized soft‐matter circuits with integrated SMD chips such as NFC chips, capacitors, and LEDs that are implemented in a few minutes through laser patterning, and vapor‐assisted soldering. In the context of optogenetics, where lightweight, miniaturized systems are needed to provide optical stimulation, soft coils stand out in terms of their improved conformability and flexibility. Thus, this article explores the applications of soft coils in wearable and implantable devices, with a specific focus on their use in optogenetics.
Stretchable and Leakage‐Free Liquid Metal Networks for Thermal Management
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Lin Jie , Wu Jiawei , Liu Mengxin , Du Peiyao , Xu Ling , Yan Dingxiang , Jia Lichuan , Li Zhongming
Published: February 2025

Stretchable thermally conductive materials (TCMs) are highly desirable for efficient thermal management in wearable electronics. However, yielding stretchable TCMs that can simultaneously achieve superior thermal conductivity (TC) and high stretchability remains challenging owing to the contradiction between their thermal and mechanical behaviors. Herein, the design of a bi‐continuous structure that enables the creation of highly stretchable composites by incorporating liquid metal (LM) within a thermoplastic urethane (TPU) framework, is reported. The continuous TPU framework acts as a load‐bearing skeleton to ensure stretchability, while the LM forms 3D continuous thermal network, providing high‐speed channels for heat conduction. This innovative structure endows the resultant composite with a high out‐plane TC (4.16 W (m K)−1), outstanding stretchability (606%), and extremely stable TC, with a high retention of 92% at 100% strain and after 10 000 stretching‐releasing cycles. The stretchable composite also exhibits excellent leakage‐free behavior, without any LM leakage at a large strain of 400% and under a pressure of 500 kPa. These remarkable comprehensive properties make it a promising stretchable TCM for thermal management in wearable electronics.
Tuning and Understanding of Layered 2D MoS2–MoO3 Interface for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Mallick Sagar , Jena Manasi , Das Biswanath , Mohanty Bibhunanda , Patel Brijesh Kumar , Das Dipti Prakasini , Rath Ashutosh
Published: February 2025

Heterostructures composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and transition metal oxides (TMOs) are essential for a wide range of applications, including photocatalysis and optoelectronic devices. The interface between these materials plays a significant role in controlling bandgap, charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a systematic study of interface formation and its impact on these parameters to enhance the efficiency of both photocatalysts and devices. In this work, the synthesis of layered MoO3–MoS2 heterostructure using the two‐step chemical vapor deposition method is reported. The α‐MoO3 is synthesized using vapor trapping technique, followed by sulfurization to form the heterostructure. The interfacial structures and evolution of MoO3 to MoS2 at the interface using XRD, Raman, HRTEM, and XPS are systematically investigated. Density functional theory based on the first‐principle calculations shows that an additional layer, MoOS, within the MoO3–MoS2 heterostructure induces a type‐II band alignment rather than a type‐III alignment. Further, the heterostructure is utilized as a photocatalyst, which shows threefold increase in photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure MoO3, achieving the degradation of 5 ppm MB dye in just 20 min under visible light, with a rate constant of 0.11408 min⁻¹, following a type‐II staggered heterojunction mechanism.
Confined Atomically Mo‐Regulating Co3+ Sites Enhanced Electrocatalytic Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Guan Zhixi , Lin Qian , Chang Yuanyuan , Chou Tao , Guo Daying , Fang Guoyong , Jin Huile , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: February 2025

Design and construction of stable single‐atom modified catalysts with suppressed deep reconstruction for long‐term durability and highly active targeted catalysis in emains a great challenge. Herein, catalysts with nitrogen/oxygen co‐doped carbon (NOC) encapsulated Mo atomically dispersed at Co3+ sites in Co3O4, are constructed through a directed corrosion strategy. Meanwhile, the NOC confinement maintains the stability of single atoms Mo and promotes the adsorbate evolution into a lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The reconstructed CoOOH is confined by the NOC layer, thus inhibiting its deep reconstruction, and electrostatically repelling chloride ions to achieve targeted electrolysis of seawater. In the real seawater flow cell, the electrode requires 1.94 V to reach 1.0 A cm−2, and the energy consumption is 4.64 kWh Nm−3‐H2 lower than that of industrial alkaline electrolysis. The continuous electrolysis at 1.0 A cm−2 for 300 h shows almost no decay, and Faraday efficiency is close to 100%, indicating long‐lasting stability.
Graphene‐Doped Hydrogels with Enhanced Conductivity and Stretchability for All‐Weather Wearable Devices
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yixiao , Zhang Yajie , You Lexing , Song Yutao , Li Tong , Fang Zheng , Gui An , Li Yangfeng , Liao Lei , Yang Rong
Published: February 2025

Conductive hydrogels with high water content, excellent adhesion, and mechanical flexibility have garnered significant attention for flexible and wearable electronic applications. Despite advancements, achieving hydrogels with robust electrical and mechanical properties under extreme environmental conditions remains a key challenge. In this study, a cost‐effective, lignin‐tannin nanosphere graphene‐doped hydrogel (LTGH) synthesized by dispersing graphene within the hydrogel matrix via self‐assembled sodium lignosulfonate and tannic acid nanospheres is presented. The LTGH exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity (28 S m−1), ultra‐high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor ≈350), and an ultra‐low detection limit (<0.5%). Additionally, it demonstrates outstanding stretchability (>1800%), strong adhesion (>50 kPa), UV resistance, and antibacterial properties. By incorporating ethylene glycol, the LTGH maintains reliable performance across a wide temperature range (−80 to 50 °C). Furthermore, the LTGH is successfully integrated into a convolutional neural network‐based sign language recognition system, achieving a compact and lightweight design with high recognition accuracy, rapid responsiveness, and cost efficiency. This work highlights the superior sensing capabilities of graphene‐doped conductive hydrogels, underscoring their potential in all‐weather wearable technologies.
A Facile Strategy Based on Ionic Liquids to Modulate the Antibacterial, Flame‐Retardant, and Sensing Properties of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Ru Hongfu , Ma Yuchen , Jin Yilin , Xiang Shuangfei , Zhao Shujun , Fu Feiya , Liu Xiangdong , Dyson Paul J. , Fei Zhaofu
Published: February 2025

Surface treatment of textiles causes a significant amount of environmental pollution and endowing traditional fabrics with multiple functions through facile methods remains challenging. Here a simple strategy is proposed involving the copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MA) functionalized cotton fabric (CF) with vinyl‐functionalized ionic liquid (IL). The resulting CF‐PIL (where P refers to poly) shows high bacteriostatic reduction rates (BR > 99%), excellent flame retardancy (LOI = 28.1%), together with high sensitivity and quick responsiveness. The CF‐PIL exhibits unparalleled reliability even after 50 washing cycles. The CF‐PIL‐based fabric also captures signals from mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature. This allows the CF‐PIL material to act as a sensor for physiological signal monitoring (breathing, body temperature, and external mechanical stimulation), and also for high‐temperature. Through the design of a circuit, the CF‐PIL‐based fabric is assembled for a high‐temperature fire alarm system, which can provide early warning of high temperatures when near or in contact with flames within a few seconds. While many applications of the CF‐PIL may be envisaged, of particular relevance are intelligent firefighting suits and smart architectural textiles.
Vertical Black Phosphorus Photodiodes with High Quantum Efficiency for Mid‐Infrared Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Dai Mingjin , Zhang Xuran , Hu Yunxia , Chen Wenduo , Wang Chongwu , Luo Yu , Wang Qi Jie
Published: February 2025

Infrared (IR) photodetectors play a crucial role in various fields such as medical imaging, communication, and surveillance. However, the majority of commercial infrared detectors require low‐temperature operation, which limits their broader applications. Recently, room temperature infrared photodetectors based on 2D materials have shown potential for expanding their use, yet their performance is often constrained by low quantum efficiency. In this study, a vertical black phosphorus (BP) Schottky photodiode designed for room temperature mid‐IR photodetection with enhanced quantum efficiency is reported. By optimizing both optical and electrical aspects of the design, near‐perfect absorption is achieved through a resonant cavity and improve carrier separation and collection efficiency via Schottky and ohmic contacts, respectively. The photodetector demonstrates high sensitivity, with a specific detectivity of 2.2 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and a maximal external quantum efficiency of 42% at 3.6 µm. Additionally, due to BP's intrinsic anisotropic absorption, the device exhibits an exceptionally high polarization sensitivity with a polarization ratio of 10 and a polarization angle sensitivity of 0.01 A W−1 degree−1 is achieved at 3.8 µm. This device design provides a promising approach for high‐performance, room‐temperature infrared photodetectors, combining low power consumption with polarization imaging capabilities.
Enhancing the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through an Iodine Confinement Strategy in Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ma Xiaoting , Huang Junyi , Li Xiongjie , Yu Haixuan , Liu Zhirong , Hu Yong , Sun Tianyu , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: February 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown high power conversion efficiency in solar‐to‐electricity conversion applications. However, the commercialization of this emerging technology is limited due to its low stability under realistic operating conditions. A major reason for this degradation is the formation and escape of iodine species upon exposure to light, polarization and thermal stress. Here, a new method is proposed to confine iodine species in the perovskite layer using a multifunctional nitrogen‐rich covalent organic framework (TAPT‐BP‐COF). The ordered pore structure and surface binding groups of TAPT‐BP‐COF not only facilitate the formation of charge transfer complexes with iodine molecules, but also enable multisite chelation with undercoordinated lead ions, thereby improving the quality of the perovskite film. This iodine confinement strategy enables the resulting Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9PbI3 PSC devices (n‐i‐p) to achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 25.58% (0.06 cm−2) under one sun illumination. The unencapsulated devices maintained over 96% of their initial efficiency after continuous maximum power point tracking for 1200 h in an N2 atmosphere. Importantly, the PSCs with TAPT‐BP‐COF demonstrated excellent stability even under the high temperature of the ISOS‐L‐2 protocol, maintaining over 90% of peak efficiency at 85 °C for 800 h.
Enhanced Exciton Delocalization in Organic Near‐Infrared Photodetectors via Solid Additive‐Mediated J‐Aggregation
Authors: Qiao Jia‐Wei , Cui Feng‐Zhe , Zhang Wen‐Qing , Gui Ruo‐Hua , Fu Zhen , Sun Ming , Lu Peng , Yin Hang , Du Xiao‐Yan , Hao Xiao‐Tao
Published: February 2025

Near‐infrared organic photodetectors (NIR‐OPDs) have emerged as increasingly significant in optoelectronics, offering unparalleled advantages for applications in health monitoring and night vision. The development of self‐powered devices with low dark currents and enhanced NIR sensitivity involves complex engineering that requires careful material selection, defect state density control, and environmental consideration. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced that utilizes solid additive (DIB) to induce improvements in the J‐aggregation morphology and exciton delocalization in acceptor molecules. The goal is to broaden the response spectrum of the device and augment its detection capabilities. The key findings revealed that solid additive exhibit an electrostatic affinity for acceptors, which facilitates their orderly face‐to‐face stacking and controls the π–π stacking distance. These enhanced intermolecular interactions lead to the delocalization of electron–hole pairs, reduced exciton recombination, and increased charge separation efficiency. Consequently, the modified devices exhibited exceptional specific detectivity, exceeding 1014 Jones across the wavelength range of 695–860 nm, thereby establishing a new standard for NIR response in organic photodetection. Overall, this study successfully addressed the compatibility challenges associated with self‐powered NIR‐OPDs, thereby expanding their potential applications in various settings.
“Water‐In‐Oil” Electrolyte Enabled by Microphase Separation Regulation for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Ding Yichen , Huang Dan , Wang Yao , Zhao Xin , Han Ran , Tang Mingkun , Li Baohua , Zhou Dong , Kang Feiyu
Published: February 2025

The sustained hydrogen evolution and zinc (Zn) dendrite growth greatly impede the practical application of low‐cost aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, for the first time, a microphase separation strategy is proposed to construct a ″water‐in‐oil (W/O) electrolyte to endow durable ZMBs. As validated by theoretical modeling and experimental characterizations, the unique reverse micelle structure within the electrolyte not only disrupts water hydrogen bonding and efficiently inhibits the water consumption at Zn anode, but also undergoes directed movement and reversible demulsification under electric field, thus enhancing the anode desolvation kinetics and inhibiting the interfacial side reactions. Owing to the simultaneous regulation of water molecules in both electrolyte bulk and anode interface, this W/O electrolyte achieves a high Zn plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.76% over 6000 cycles, and maintains an extend lifespan in Zn||V10O24·12H2O (VOH) cells with negligible hydrogen evolution and dendrite formation. These key findings are expected to promote the electrolyte engineering toward reversible ZMBs.
High‐Strength Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold with Drug Loading Remodels the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Enhance Osteoporotic Bone Repair
Authors: Huang Yangguang , Chen Ting , Ren Chunling , Bao Bingkun , Huang Rongkun , Sun Yingxiao , Yu Changlong , Yang Yunlong , Wong Wing Tak , Zeng Qingmei , Jiang Li , Liu Tuan , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong , Liao Yun
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis is a widespread condition that induces an inflammatory microenvironment, limiting the effectiveness of conventional therapies and presenting significant challenges for bone defect repair. To address these issues, a high‐strength gelatin hydrogel scaffold loaded with roxadustat is developed, specifically designed to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment and enhance osteoporotic bone regeneration. By incorporating minimal methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) into an o‐nitrobenzyl functionalized gelatin (GelNB) matrix, a gelatin hydrogel with a fracture strength of 10 MPa is achieved, providing exceptional structural stability and enabling precise scaffold fabrication through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Validated through cell experiments and animal studies, the hydrogel scaffold supports cell adhesion and migration, offers excellent tissue compatibility, and is fully degradable, meeting the requirements of a therapeutic scaffold. Including roxadustat further enhances the scaffold's functionality by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment via hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) signaling, significantly improving bone defect repair in osteoporotic models. This drug‐loaded scaffold effectively addresses inflammation‐induced limitations and enhances the regenerative capacity of the affected area, paving the way for improved therapeutic outcomes in osteoporotic bone repair.
Dynamic Microfluidic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanowires: Impact of Channel Architecture on Growth Homogeneity and Uniformity
Authors: Erfan Mazen , Gnambodoe‐Capochichi Martine , Sabry Yasser M. , Khalil Diaa , Leprince‐Wang Yamin , Bourouina Tarik
Published: February 2025

Zinc oxide nanowires are synthesized in situ within microfluidic reactors in dynamic mode owing to the continuous flow of the growth solution. The synergistic effect of fluid flow and confined volume enables fast synthesis, in 8–16 min only, while 2–3 h are needed in static mode synthesis. However, the co‐integration of nanomaterials into microfluidic reactors poses challenges for their use as functional devices. Here, the issue of homogeneity of nanowire growth as well as the corresponding uniformity of the nanowire dimensions are addressed. This is demonstrated that the use of optimized tree‐branched microchannel networks enables excellent homogeneity, quantified by a surface coverage of 99% across the whole area of the microfluidic reactor chamber, while it is limited to 55%–78% when using conventional microfluidic chambers. The latter also leads to severe non‐uniformity of the nanowires, eventually resulting in radical changes in their morphology. On the contrary, the tree‐branched microchannels lead to outstanding uniformity of the nanowires: their average diameters of 35 nm are almost constant within ± 1 nm across the whole chamber; the corresponding nanowire average length of 420 nm varies within ± 12 nm only. The proposed approach is applicable to a wide variety of other nanomaterials synthesis.
Targeting Histone Deacetylase 11 with a Highly Selective Inhibitor for the Treatment of MASLD
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yue Kairui , Sun Simin , Lu Shengyuan , Jia Geng , Zha Yang , Zhang Shuang , Chou C. James , Liao Chenzhong , Li Xiaoyang , Duan Yajun
Published: February 2025

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the most prevalent chronic liver disorder globally. Due to its intricate pathogenesis and the current lack of efficacious pharmacological interventions, there is a pressing need to discover novel therapeutic targets and agents for MASLD treatment. Herein, it is found that histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), a subtype of HDAC family, is markedly overexpressed in both in vitro and in vivo models of MASLD. Furthermore, the knockdown of HDAC11 is observed to mitigate lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. A highly selective HDAC11 inhibitor, B6, which exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic property and liver distribution, is further designed and synthesized. Integrating RNA‐seq data with in vivo and in vitro experiments, B6 is found to inhibit de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and promote fatty acid oxidation, thus mitigating hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological symptoms in MASLD mice. Further omics analysis and experiments reveal that B6 enhances the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 at Thr172 through the inhibition of HDAC11, consequently modulating DNL and fatty acid oxidation in the liver. In summary, this study identifies HDAC11 as a potential therapeutic target in MASLD and reports the discovery of a highly selective HDAC11 inhibitor with favorable drug‐like properties for the treatment of MASLD.
Ion‐Anchoring Dipole‐Integrated Composite Elastomer Electrolyte and Cathode for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries via Multiple‐Bridge Engineering
Authors: Cho A Hyeon , Je Ji Hyang , Choi U Hyeok
Published: February 2025

Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) hold significant potential for advancing lithium metal batteries (LMBs) by enhancing safety through the replacement of liquid electrolytes. However, challenges such as low ionic conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and poor electrolyte/electrode interface compatibility hinder the development of high‐energy‐density LMBs. Herein, a strategy for designing SSEs is proposed using multiple‐bridge engineered composite elastomer electrolytes (CEEs) that incorporate ion‐rotating dipole interactions, ion‐anchoring dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding, along with a CEE‐based composite elastomer cathode (CEC). This design combines a volume‐adaptive elastomer matrix, a high‐Li+ conducting deep eutectic electrolyte, and robust nanowires. The resultant CEE exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.7 × 10−3 S cm−1), a lithium transference number of 0.72, and a wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.9 V) at 298 K. The engineered uniform Li+ flux also promotes stable Li plating/stripping for over 900 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LFP‐based CEC|CEE|Li full cells deliver a reversible capacity of 133 mAh g−1 with 95% retention after 300 cycles in coin cells, and 129 mAh g−1 with 96% retention after 250 cycles in pouch cells at 1 C. This strategy presents a promising approach for designing solid‐state polymer electrolytes to extend the lifespan of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Determining Exciton Diffusion Length in Organic Semiconductors: Unifying Macro‐ and Microscopic Perspectives
Authors: Yang Wenchao , Pursglove De Castro Catherine S. , Karuthedath Safakath , Firdaus Yuliar , Alshehri Nisreen , Chen Si , Rosas Villalva Diego , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Dahman Amr , Baran Derya , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Laquai Frédéric , Gorenflot Julien
Published: February 2025

Long exciton diffusion length (LD) is key to maximizing excitation harvesting in organic solar cells, but contradicting values are reported for non‐fullerene acceptors (NFA). To understand the factors enabling large LD, experimental observation of exciton decay by transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is combined with microscopic Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations on 4 ITIC derivatives. Exciton decays are fitted considering singlet exciton‐singlet exciton annihilation (SSA) and the intrinsic exciton's lifetime τ, resulting in LD from 20 to 70 nm. The critical importance of an independent estimate of τ is discussed and its measurements from pristine NFA films is found to be more relevant than from NFA molecules embedded in an inert polystyrene matrix. From experimental parameters, the microscopic Förster Resonant Energy Transfer hopping rate and the annihilation rate in a cubic lattice are determined, considering a Gaussian energetic disorder. KMC simulation of those rates are able to reproduce the experimental transients and LD, provided a lattice constant a close to the molecular π‐π stacking distance is used. It is found that this tight packing and a low disorder are critical to reach large LD, and empirically relate linearly such that 40 meV more disorder can be compensated by 1 Angstrom tighter packing (shorter a).
Photocatalytic Conversion of Polyester‐Derived Alcohol into Value‐Added Chemicals by Engineering Atomically Dispersed Pd Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Hao Xuewei , Liu Xinlin , Chu Mingyu , Li Shengming , Wang Xuchun , Jiang Feng , Wang Lu , Zhang Qiao , Chen Jinxing , Wang Dingsheng , Cao Muhan
Published: February 2025

Photoreforming presents a promising strategy for upcycling waste polyester‐derived alcohol into valuable chemicals. However, it remains a great challenge due to its low performance and unsatisfactory selectivity toward high‐value C2 products. Here, we report the highly efficient and selective conversion of ethylene glycol (EG, a monomer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) to glycolaldehyde using atomically dispersed Pd species supported on TiO2 catalyst. A glycolaldehyde production rate of 5072 μmol gcat‐1 h‐1 with a selectivity of 90.0% and long‐term durability can be achieved. Experimental and theoretical results show that Pd single atoms can enhance the photocatalytic activity by enriching the photogenerated holes, which are the dominant species for the selective oxidation of EG to glycolaldehyde. More importantly, the adsorption of EG molecules on the catalysts is significantly promoted, which is subsequently transformed into RO• radicals, a crucial intermediate in producing glycolaldehyde. Additionally, Pd single atoms on TiO2 enable the reduction of the glycolaldehyde desorption barrier, thereby facilitating high selectivity and inhibiting further oxidation to C1 products. This work provides new insights into the photocatalytic conversion of polyester wastes by atomic engineering.
Superhelical Self‐Assembly of Microcrystals from Cyclodipeptides
Authors: Wang Zhuoer , Gai Yitong , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao
Published: February 2025

Expression of chirality at macroscopic scale through solution‐processed bottom‐up assembly is accompanied by the formation of complex superstructures. It undergoes complicated pathway including the hierarchical organization of molecular blocks in a spontaneous and ordered manner. Here we present a cyclodipeptide platform which delicately expresses chirality at the macroscopic level. Homochiral linear dipeptides bearing tyrosine and phenylglycine residue go through cyclization to afford cyclodipeptides, leading to the in‐situ reaction‐induced aggregation into giant helices with ultra‐high yields and phase purity. The pathway comprises formation of subunit microcrystals and the subsequent assembly through adhesion of favorable planes. The cyclodipeptide adopts a folded geometry that generates 2D hydrogen bonded networks differing from the typical 1D duplex hydrogen bonding of diketopiperazines skeletons. The assembly of subunit crystals driven by the hydrogen bonding undergoes dislocations mediated by the inherent chirality of cyclodipeptides. The bulky helices perform as matrices to accommodate cargoes to realize full spectrum luminescent colors with efficient chirality transfer and strong circularly polarized luminescence.
Niobium Phosphide‐Induced Sulfur Cathode Interface with Fast Lithium‐Ion Flux Enables Highly Stable Lithium−Sulfur Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Wang Peng , Mou Hongyu , Wang Yu , Song Ning , Li Xiaogang , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin
Published: February 2025

Research on the Li−S catalytic chemistry primarily focus on the development of high‐performance catalysts and the exploration of their reaction mechanisms, with limited attention given to the impact on the interface at the cathode. Moreover, regulating the Li+ flux at the cathode interface can enhance Li2S conversion kinetics without compromising the intrinsic catalytic activity of catalyst. This work presents a paradigm that employs interface regulation to enhance Li‐S battery cycling stability. A novel phosphorus doped carbon supported niobium phosphide nanocrystals (NbP/PC) catalyst is developed and demonstrates exceptional intrinsic activity for lithium polysulfide conversion while it facilitates lithium salt dissociation through intermolecular hybridization. The NbP‐induced functional interface layer with abundant LiF and Li3N provides efficient Li+ transport channel for Li2S decomposition, which further mitigates the passivation of active sites. In consequence, the assembled Li−S batteries (LSBs) exhibit a capacity retention rate of 0.04% per cycle after 1100 cycles at a 1 C. Furthermore, the pouch batteries with an energy density of 451 Wh kg−1 maintain stable performance over 20 cycles. This strategy addresses the limitations of traditional catalytic material design in the chemical regulation of the cathodic interface for promising future of LSBs.
Comparison of Pectin and Aloe vera Extract in Green Synthesis and Enhanced Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Calcium Nanostructure
Authors: Rahmati Sadegh , Tavallali Vahid , Jahromi Mohammad Hasan Ghasvari
Published: February 2025

The current work aims to synthesize calcium nanostructure (Ca NS) using a green approach, given the growing trend of Ca NS in various sciences. We present the synthesis of Ca NS utilizing aloe vera extract and pectin extracted from citrus for the first time. Through the use of several analytical techniques, including ultraviolet–visible (UV‐Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Ca nanostructures were verified and characterized. According to UV‐Vis spectrum, a peak in the blue area of 204 nm for pectin–Ca NS indicated a small size nanoparticle. But for aloe vera/Ca NS, the presence of two blue and red peaks, at 227 and 401 nm, showed that nanoparticles with larger size than pectin/Ca NS. The results of the zeta potential showed that the synthesis of Ca NS with both pectin and aloe vera extracts is very stable. But pectin/Ca NS is more stable. In FT‐IR and Raman spectrum, the presence of more peaks in pectin/Ca NS indicates a more complex structure and more agent groups than Aloe vera/Ca NS. In the XRD spectrum, in pectin/Ca NS and Aloe vera/Ca NS, calcium peak was well identified and showed that complete calcium synthesis has been performed. The SEM and TEM pictures of pectin/Ca NP and Aloe vera/Ca NS show the spherical shapes and average size around 4–18 nm for nanoparticles. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Ca NSs was taken into account. The outcomes demonstrated that pectin has superior qualities and is a promising candidate for synthesizing Ca NSs. It was discovered that the Ca NSs had a very powerful anti‐DPPH free radical effect.
Luminescent Cd(II) Fumarate Bridging 1D coordination polymer: Ultra‐trace level detection of Cu²⁺ in aqueous medium and Fabrication of Semiconducting Device
Authors: Sinha Chittaranjan , Saha Koushik , Jana Sudeep Ranjan , Saha Jitendra , Bhunia Suprava , Raksha Kumari , Naskar Sudip , Saha Gunamoni , Ray Partha Pratim , Saha Indrajit
Published: February 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include clean water (SDG‐6) and affordable energy (SDG‐7) for the sustenance of the society. Material chemistry plays the design of new chemicals for exploring versatile activities for SDG‐6 and SDG‐7. Copper, third abundant metal in human body following iron and zinc, controls many health issues. It is essential to determine quantity of Cu2+ in a wide range of consumables. A luminescent coordination polymer (LCP) of Cd2+(d10) as a metal node, fumaric acid (fuma²⁻) as a linker and tripod N‐coordinated 4'‐Chloro‐2,2',6',2"‐terpyridine (4‐Cltpy) as end‐capping ligand, {[Cd(fuma)₂(4‐Cltpy)].(H2O)}ₙ (CP1), has been used in this research for trace quantity detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solution (LOD: 0.0254 mM (Cu(II)) (WHO recommended toxicity limit of Cu(II) is 3.15 µM). The band gap of CP1 (experimental value by Tauc’s plot, 3.56 eV and theoretically calculated band gap, 3.54 eV) directs to fabricate Schottky semiconducting device (ITO/CP1/Al) which determines electrical conductivity, 4.52×10⁻⁴ Sm‐1 at room temperature. Therefore, CP1 is a promising candidate as a conductive material and a sensor. Because of its dual purpose, CP1 may be very beneficial for device applications and a breakthrough in material science in near future.
Metal‐Free, Blue‐Light‐Mediated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Sahni Priya , Bandyopadhyay Kamalika , Swarnakar Alok K. , Pal Amlan K.
Published: February 2025

The development of a gentle and regioselective trifluoromethylation process is necessary due to the rise in organofluorine compounds, notably the inclusion of a –CF3 group in organic molecules for the pharmaceutical and materials sectors. This work presents novel examples of luminescent procarbenic purely organic photocatalysts (C1‐C3) that exhibit low‐negative irreversible reduction events (ERed = ‐0.86 V, ‐0.85 V and ‐0.68 V vs SCE for C1, C2 & C3, respectively) and strong ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer absorption in the UV region (λabs ~ 280 nm). At room temperature (RT), both photocatalysts displayed deep‐blue 1LC emission in the 353‐373 nm region. These photocatalysts were found to be strong photo‐oxidants (EC(II)*/C(I) = 2.54 V, 2.65 V and 2.63 V vs SCE for C1, C2 and C3, respectively) and were employed as low‐cost, metal and additive‐free photocatalysts for the regioselective mono(trifluoromethylation) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and small organic molecules in good yields (~ 42‐82%).
Tailoring Polymer Coatings and Grafting Structures for Photoswitchable Ionic Transport in Solid‐State Nanochannels
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Pruthi Vaishali , Liu Yu-Chun , Yang Cheng-Yeh , Lee Lin-Ruei , Chang Ming-Hsuan , Chang Chun-Chi , Théato Patrick , Chen Jiun-Tai
Published: February 2025

Photoresponsive ion nanochannels have gained significant attention for their ability to regulate ionic transport in response to external stimuli. The potential of molecular and polymeric architectures in the nanochannels to further enhance and modulate these behaviors, however, remains underexplored. In this work, we explore the integration of spiropyran‐based polymers into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannels, resulting in tailored photoresponsive behaviors. Spiropyran undergoes reversible ring‐opening isomerization upon UV irradiation, which leads to changes in the packing and polarity of polymer chains within the nanochannels. The polySp‐coated and polySp‐grafted AAO systems, fabricated via solution wetting and surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP), exhibit unique macroscopic and microscopic responses, including reversible color changes, wettability adjustments, and modulation of ion transport under UV and visible light. These findings demonstrate the potential of spiropyran‐functionalized nanochannels for applications in optical information storage, photogated materials, and sensors. By manipulating molecular architecture and nanoconfinement, this work paves the way for the design of next‐generation photoswitchable systems with enhanced multifunctionality.