bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orientação durante o pré-natal sobre ordenha de colostro para mães diabéticas: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Marques Ana Karolina de Oliveira , Moraes Suellen da Rocha Lage , Santos Hyasmym Kaiane Faesser
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar na literatura quais as evidências de gestantes com diabetes gestacional receberam orientação para a oferta de colostro nas primeiras horas de vida do RN. Método:  revisão integrativa de literatura. O levantamento dos estudos foi realizado pela Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, no mês de março de 2023, nas basesde dados LILACS, MedLine. A busca, seleção e análise dos artigos foram executados por dois examinadores independentes e em caso de divergências, um terceiro examinador foi convidado a participar da reunião de consenso acerca da seleção dos estudos. Após leituras recorrentes, os artigos que compuseram a amostra final foram organizados em planilha do Microsoft Office Excel®.  Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de hipoglicemia; Bebês nascidos de mães que extraíram foram significativamente menos propensos a receber fórmula no hospital; contato precoce com a proteína de leite de vaca pode aumentar o risco de diabetes tipo 1; contato pele a pele ininterrupto entre a mãe e seu bebê aumenta o metabolismo do tecido adiposo marrom e a ocorrência de gliconeogênese e cetogênese que diminuem a probabilidade de hipoglicemia. Conclusão: as orientações e ensino no pré-natal para a realização da ordenha no período gestacional é benéfica, tanto para mãe que adquire familiaridade com seu corpo, junto com a estimulação a lactação assim como benefícios para o RN. A prática minimiza consideravelmente o uso de fórmula, o que diminui complicações e doenças futuras da criança.
Long-term changes in surface air temperature over the Chinese mainland during 1901-2020
Authors: Wen K , Ren G , Ren Y , Cao L , Qin Y , Zhang P , He J , Xue X , Sun X
Published: June 2023

The magnitude of long-term surface climate warming over some regions, such as the Chinese mainland, is still uncertain due to the lack of observational data early in the 20th century. In this study, the monthly data series of the average, maximum, and minimum temperatures in the Chinese mainland during 1901-2020 were constructed based on the daily surface air temperature observations from 60 stations across the country, and the characteristics of the average, maximum, and minimum temperature, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) changes were analyzed. Results show that (1) regional average annual mean temperature in the Chinese mainland rose by 0.14°C per decade, maximum temperature rose by 0.07°C per decade, minimum temperature rose by 0.19°C per decade, and DTR decreased by 0.13°C per decade. All these trends are statistically significant (p < 0.01); (2) the largest annual mean maximum temperature increase occurred in spring, followed by winter and autumn/summer, and the largest annual mean minimum temperature increase was in winter and spring, followed by autumn and summer; (3) annual mean DTR decreased significantly at a rate of -0.08, -0.12, -0.12, and -0.13°C per decade (p < 0.01) in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively; (4) the stations with drops in maximum temperature were mainly in Central China, southern North China, the southeastern coastal areas, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the stations with significant increases in minimum temperature were located in North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China; (5) the areas with the fastest dropping DTR were mainly located in Northeast China and North China. The maximum and minimum temperature series for China based on climate anomalies are comparable to those based on other currently available datasets.
The Immediate Eﬀect of 90 sec. Duration Plantar Myofascial Release on Static and Dynamic Balance and Injury Risk in Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Mazgelienė Agnė , Knatauskaitė Justė
Published: June 2023

Background. Self-administered plantar myofascial release with a tennis ball is a widely used technique to increase flexibility and range of motion, but it is unclear how effective this technique is on static and dynamic balance and injury risk in volleyball players.

The aim of the study is to determine the immediate effect of short-term (90 s duration) plantar myofascial release on the static and dynamic balance and injury risk of females playing volleyball.

Methods. The study involved 26 female volleyball players who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Subjects in the control group (n=13) received no intervention and were retested for 180 s. since initial testing. The participants of the study group received self-administered plantar myofascial release of 90 s duration with tennis ball for one leg and 90 s duration on the other leg (all together duration 180 s). A modified star excursion (Y test) test was used to assess dynamic balance. Static balance was assessed by the Flamingo test.

Results. Myofascial release improved (p<0.05) the result of dynamic balance in only one direction – anterior, standing on both the left and right leg, in the control group – posterolateral, standing on the right and left leg, posteromedial – standing on the right leg (p<0.05). No differences were found between groups. The static balance of subjects in both groups during the retest did not differ (p>0.05) from the initial assessment. The combined dynamic balance score improved (p<0.05) only in the control group that had a rest break instead of the intervention. No significant differences were found in static balance results either between groups or within groups.

Conclusions. Immediate short duration plantar myofascial release was not effective on static and dynamic balance and injury risk in volleyball players. The effect of short-term myofascial release did not differ from that of no intervention.

Keywords: balance, volleyball, myofascial release, injury risk.
Effects of Online Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Self-Directed Learning in Dental Hygiene Students
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Yun Mi-Hae
Published: June 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the importance of self-directed learning in dental hygiene students undergoing online education during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors affecting self-directed learning, thereby preparing basic data to improve dental hygiene students’ competency. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 215 dental hygiene students in the Daejeon and Chungcheong regions from April 1-30, 2021, and a self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: In dental hygiene students, self-directed learning, self-efficacy, and class satisfaction scores were 3.30, 3.32, and 3.15 points, respectively. Self-directed learning was positively correlated with self-efficacy and class satisfaction. Self-efficacy and class satisfaction had significant effects on self-directed learning with an explanatory power of 77.9%. Conclusions: Therefore, self-efficacy had the greatest effects on self-directed learning in dental hygiene students. Institutional support and efforts must be provided to improve self-efficacy and class satisfaction.
Residual Stress Analysis of Additive Manufactured A356.2 Aluminum Alloys using X-Ray Diffraction Methods
Authors: Park SangCheol , Kim InYeong , Kim Young Il , Kim Dae-Kyeom , Oh Soong Ju , Lee Kee-Ahn , Lee Bin
Published: June 2023

The physical properties of metal-based structural materials, such as hardness, strength and toughness, are directly or indirectly affected by residual stress inside or on the surface of the given part. Repeated rapid heating and cooling during the additive manufacturing process causes thermal gradients and expansion and contraction in the material, which causes residual stress. Tensile residual stresses are known to exist on the surface of additive manufactured products and should be kept to a minimum as they affect the mechanical properties and lead to product deformation and product failure. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the residual stress after making the product and to control it under the desired conditions. There are limitations to using the destructive method commonly used for residual stress evaluation with additive manufacturing products, due to difficulties in repeated measurements, product size, and cost issues. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a non-destructive evaluation method and verify the validity of the method. In this study, A356.2 aluminum alloy powders were used for additive manufacturing using the powder bed fusion process, and the surface residual stress generated during the process was measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were used to observe the surface residual stress. After XRD measurement, analyses were performed using the Williamson-Hall plot, sin2ψ, and cosα methods. The residual stress measurement results of samples manufactured through the LPBF process and the characteristics and limitations of each method were discussed.
COVİD-19 TANILI BİREYLERİN KARANTİNA SÜRECİNDE ALGILADIKLARI SOSYAL DESTEĞİN YALNIZLIĞA ETKİSİ
Authors: YILDIRIM ÜŞENMEZ Tülay
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 tanılı bireylerin karantina sürecinde algıladıkları sosyal desteğin yalnızlığa etkisini belirlemektir. Kesitsel türdeki bu araştırmaya 231 Covid–19 tanılı birey dâhil edildi. Araştırma beş aile sağlığı merkezinde Ocak-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu”, “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ÇBASDÖ)” ve “UCLA-Yalnızlık Ölçeği (UCLA-YÖ)” verilerin toplanmasında kullanıldı. Veriler online anket yöntemiyle toplandı. Bireylerin ÇBASD ve UCLA-YÖ toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 55.51±19.02, 46.78±13.04 olarak bulundu. ÇBASD ölçeği ile UCLA-YÖ arasında negatif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki saptandı (r=-0.730; p
Investigation of Cyclin-D1 immunohistochemical expression in bladder urethelial carcinoma
Authors: EZER Mehmet , YILMAZ ERTÜRK Fatma , BEŞEREN Hatice , ADALI Yasemen
Published: June 2023

Objective: Cyclin D1 is a protein that is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and is encoded by the CCND1 gene. There are few studies on Cyclin D1 in the literature, and the results differ in the studies. In this study, the relationship between Cyclin D1 Expression and prognostic factors in bladder urothelial carcinomas was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients who underwent TUR-M at the Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital were included in the study. General information about the cases and pathology reports were obtained from the hospital automation system. Tumor-containing sections were selected from the ready-stained pathology preparations, and immunohistochemical staining was performed manually with Cyclin D1 primary antibody on the blocks of the selected sections, as indicated below. Stained sections were evaluated under the light microscope by scoring 0-4 separately as nuclear and cytoplasmic. Results: The age range of the cases was 51-93, and the mean age was 69.2±11.7. Twelve (26.1%) cases were female and 34 (73.9%) were male. When the histopathological findings were examined, it was observed that 29 (63.0%) of the cases were low-grade and 17 (37.0%) were high-grade. Eighteen (39.1%) of the cases were invasive and 28 (60.9%) were noninvasive. In the statistical analyzes performed, it was noted that invasive tumors had a statistically significantly higher grade compared to non-invasive tumors (pTa) (p= 0.007). Similarly, the presence of lymphovascular invasion in invasive tumors was statistically significantly higher than in non-invasive tumors (p=0.001). It was observed that nuclear cyclin D1 expression (p=0.003) was statistically significantly higher in invasive cases. In addition, nuclear cyclinD1 expression was found to be statistically significantly higher in low-grade tumors (p=0.044). Conclusion: As a result of the study, a relationship between Cyclin D1 expression and tumor grade and invasion status was observed in patients with bladder urethelial carcinoma, but studies with larger case series are needed to use Cyclin D1 as a biomarker. Keywords: bladder, Cyclin D1, urothelial carcinoma, immunohistochemistry
Safety and effectivity of open simple prostatectomy in octogenarians: A single center experience
Authors: KALFAZADE Nadir , AKKAŞ Fatih , ŞAM Emre , ŞEKER Kamil Gökhan , GÜNER Ekrem , ŞAHİN Selçuk , TUĞCU Volkan
Published: June 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of open simple prostatectomy (OSP) in patients older than 80 (i.e., octogenarians). Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent OSP in our center between January 2012 and January 2018 constituted this study's target population. The patients were evaluated by dividing the entire cohort into three age groups: 50-64, 65-79, and ≥80. The study groups were compared regarding demographic features, preoperative clinical data, operative parameters, postoperative first-month and third-month uroflowmetric data, and short-term complication rates. Results: Preoperative persistent acute urinary retention and urethral catheterization rates were significantly higher in octogenarians than in the other patients. The groups were similar concerning intraoperative estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, Clavien-Dindo Class≥3 complication rates and the general complication rate statistically. The comparative analysis revealed that the duration of catheterization was significantly longer in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 (p=<0.001). The length of hospital stay was also significantly higher in octogenarians than the patients in Group 1 (p=0.003). Conclusion: Although OSP is an effective and safe surgical treatment method in octogenarians, each patient should be managed by an individualized approach for lowering the procedure-related morbidity and mortality rates. Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Open simple prostatectomy, Octogenarians
The effect of an herbal agent “Tutukon®” on the spontaneous passage rates of ureteric stones
Authors: GÜZEL Rasim , DRAGOS Laurian , YILDIRIM Ümit , ERYILDIRIM Bilal , SARICA Kemal
Published: June 2023

Objective:: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of an herbal agent (Tutukon®) on the spontaneous passage rates of ureteral calculi 5-10 mm. Materials and Methods: 96 patients having a single radio-opaque ureteral stone 5-10 mm were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 51) received Tutukon®, 45 mg/day (three times) in addition to conservative approach and Group 2 patients (n = 45) were followed with classical conservative approach during 4 weeks follow-up. The stone passage rates, stone expulsion time, change in weekly colic episodes and hospital readmission rates for colicky pain were compared. Results: Stone expulsion rates showed statistically significant difference between the two group (66.7 % vs 46.7 %, p = 0.048). Additionally mean time period required for the spontaneous passage of the calculi was meaningfully short in those cases receiving Tutukon® when compared with Group 2 patients undergoing conservative measures only (5.79 ± 2.39 vs 8.82 ± 3.48 days, respectively) (p = 0.001). Similarly, the mean renal colic episodes during follow-up period were significantly diminished in Group 1 patients (66.6 vs 36%, p = 0.001, respectively). Lastly, colic pain attacks were noted to be less in Group 1 and another advantage of“Tutukon®” was the relocation of the stones to a more distal part of ureter (35.2 vs 4 %). Conclusion: Use of Tutukon® in the medical management of ureteral calculi can accelarate the spontaneous passage rates and also relocate them into the lower portion of the ureter. Keywords: herbal agents, medical therapy, spontaneous passage, ureteral stones
One-carbon metabolism is required for epigenetic stability in the mouse placenta
Authors: Senner Claire E. , Dong Ziqi , Prater Malwina , Branco Miguel R. , Watson Erica D.
Published: June 2023

One-carbon metabolism, including the folate cycle, has a crucial role in fetal development though its molecular function is complex and unclear. The hypomorphic Mtrrgt allele is known to disrupt one-carbon metabolism, and thus methyl group availability, leading to several developmental phenotypes (e.g., neural tube closure defects, fetal growth anomalies). Remarkably, previous studies showed that some of the phenotypes were transgenerationally inherited. Here, we explored the genome-wide epigenetic impact of one-carbon metabolism in placentas associated with fetal growth phenotypes and determined whether specific DNA methylation changes were inherited. Firstly, methylome analysis of Mtrrgt/gt homozygous placentas revealed genome-wide epigenetic instability. Several differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified including at the Cxcl1 gene promoter and at the En2 gene locus, which may have phenotypic implications. Importantly, we discovered hypomethylation and ectopic expression of a subset of ERV elements throughout the genome of Mtrrgt/gt placentas with broad implications for genomic stability. Next, we determined that known spermatozoan DMRs in Mtrrgt/gt males were reprogrammed in the placenta with little evidence of direct or transgenerational germline DMR inheritance. However, some spermatozoan DMRs were associated with placental gene misexpression despite normalisation of DNA methylation, suggesting the inheritance of an alternative epigenetic mechanism. Integration of published wildtype histone ChIP-seq datasets with Mtrrgt/gt spermatozoan methylome and placental transcriptome datasets point towards H3K4me3 deposition at key loci. These data suggest that histone modifications might play a role in epigenetic inheritance in this context. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanistic complexities of one-carbon metabolism in development and epigenetic inheritance.
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: a concise review of their secretome and prospective clinical applications
Authors: Drobiova Hana , Sindhu Sardar , Ahmad Rasheed , Haddad Dania , Al-Mulla Fahd , Al Madhoun Ashraf
Published: June 2023

Accumulating evidence indicates that most primary Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) therapeutic potential is due to their paracrine activity, i.e., their ability to modulate their microenvironment by releasing bioactive molecules and factors collectively known as secretome. These bioactive molecules and factors can either be released directly into the surrounding microenvironment or can be embedded within the membrane-bound extracellular bioactive nano-sized (usually 30–150 nm) messenger particles or vesicles of endosomal origin with specific route of biogenesis, known as exosomes or carried by relatively larger particles (100 nm–1 μm) formed by outward blebbing of plasma membrane called microvesicles (MVs); exosomes and MVs are collectively known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). The bioactive molecules and factors found in secretome are of various types, including cytokines, chemokines, cytoskeletal proteins, integrins, growth factors, angiogenic mediators, hormones, metabolites, and regulatory nucleic acid molecules. As expected, the secretome performs different biological functions, such as immunomodulation, tissue replenishment, cellular homeostasis, besides possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This review highlights the current advances in research on the WJ-MSCs’ secretome and its prospective clinical applications.
The influence of the number of free surfaces on the energy distribution and attenuation law of blasting vibration signals from peripheral holes: field experiment and simulation
Authors: Lan Riyan , Wang Zhen , Lu Jianyou , Zhou Zilong , Chen Lu , Gao Shan
Published: June 2023

Tunnels are commonly excavated using drilling and blasting methods, and the surrounding rock is greatly affected by the vibration of surrounding hole blasting. To study the influence of the number of free surfaces on the energy distribution and attenuation law of surrounding hole blasting vibration signals, on-site experiments and numerical simulation experiments were conducted. The research results indicate that the higher the number of free surfaces, the smaller the peak vibration velocity. The longitudinal Fourier main frequency decreases with the distance from the monitoring point. The more free surface, the greater the centroid frequency and zero crossing frequency. In addition, numerical simulation shows that the degree of rock fragmentation after blasting increases with the increase of the number of free surface of rock.
Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
Authors: Bloomfield Susan A. , Swift Sibyl N. , Metzger Corinne E. , Baek Kyunghwa , De Souza Mary Jane , Lenfest Scott , Shirazi-Fard Yasaman , Hogan Harry A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Reductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to graded energy deficits.

Methods

Female virgin rats (n=84, 5-mo-old; 12/group) were randomized to baseline controls and either sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) conditions, and within each exercise status to adlib-fed (ADLIB), or moderate (MOD) or severe (SEV) energy restriction diets for 12 weeks. Rats assigned to EX groups performed treadmill running to increase weekly energy expenditure by 10%. MOD-ER-SED, SEV-ER-SED, MOD-ER-EX and SEV-ER-EX were fed modified AIN93M diets with 20%, 40% 10%, and 30% less energy content, respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided.

Results

Energy availability (EA) was effectively reduced by ~14% and ~30% in the MOD-ER and SEV-ER groups, respectively. MOD-ER for 12 weeks resulted in few negative impacts on bone and, except for serum leptin in MOD-ER-SED rats, no significant changes in endocrine factors. By contrast, SEV-ER in SED rats resulted in significantly lower total body and femoral neck bone mass, and reduced serum estradiol, IGF-1 and leptin. EX rats experiencing the same reduction in energy availability as SEV-ER-SED exhibited higher total body mass, lean mass, total BMC, and higher serum IGF-1 at the end of 12 weeks. Bone mechanical properties at 3 bone sites (mid-femur, distal femur, femoral neck) were minimally impacted by ER but positively affected by EX.

Discussion

These findings indicate that combining increased EX energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake to achieve a targeted reduction in EA provides some protection against loss of bone mass and lean mass in skeletally mature female rats, likely due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1, and that bone mechanical integrity is not significantly degraded with either moderate or severe reduced EA.
Comparison of computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the evaluation of body composition in patients with obesity
Authors: Palmas Fiorella , Ciudin Andreea , Guerra Raul , Eiroa Daniel , Espinet Carina , Roson Nuria , Burgos Rosa , Simó Rafael
Published: June 2023

Objective

a) To evaluate the accuracy of the pre-existing equations (based on cm2 provided by CT images), to estimate in kilograms (Kg) the body composition (BC) in patients with obesity (PwO), by comparison with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). b) To evaluate the accuracy of a new approach (based on both cm2 and Hounsfield Unit parameters provided by CT images), using an automatic software and artificial intelligence to estimate the BC in PwO, by comparison with DXA.

Methods

Single-centre cross-sectional study including consecutive PwO, matched by gender with subjects with normal BMI. All the subjects underwent BC assessment by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and skeletal-CT at L3 vertebrae. CT images were processed using FocusedON-BC software. Three different models were tested. Model 1 and 2, based on the already existing equations, estimate the BC in Kg based on the tissue area (cm2) in the CT images. Model 3, developed in this study, includes as additional variables, the tissue percentage and its average Hounsfield unit.

Results

70 subjects (46 PwO and 24 with normal BMI) were recruited. Significant correlations for BC were obtained between the three models and DXA. Model 3 showed the strongest correlation with DXA (r= 0.926, CI95% [0.835-0.968], p<0.001) as well as the best agreement based on Bland – Altman plots.

Conclusion

This is the first study showing that the BC assessment based on skeletal CT images analyzed by automatic software coupled with artificial intelligence, is accurate in PwO, by comparison with DXA. Furthermore, we propose a new equation that estimates both the tissue quantity and quality, that showed higher accuracy compared with those currently used, both in PwO and subjects with normal BMI.
Dysbiosis signatures of gut microbiota and the progression of type 2 diabetes: a machine learning approach in a Mexican cohort
Authors: Neri-Rosario Daniel , Martínez-López Yoscelina Estrella , Esquivel-Hernández Diego A. , Sánchez-Castañeda Jean Paul , Padron-Manrique Cristian , Vázquez-Jiménez Aarón , Giron-Villalobos David , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis is one of the causal factors for the progression of different chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Understanding the basis that laid this association may lead to developing new therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating T2D, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplants. It may also help identify potential early detection biomarkers and develop personalized interventions based on an individual’s gut microbiota profile. Here, we explore how supervised Machine Learning (ML) methods help to distinguish taxa for individuals with prediabetes (prediabetes) or T2D.

Methods

To this aim, we analyzed the GM profile (16s rRNA gene sequencing) in a cohort of 410 Mexican naïve patients stratified into normoglycemic, prediabetes, and T2D individuals. Then, we compared six different ML algorithms and found that Random Forest had the highest predictive performance in classifying T2D and prediabetes patients versus controls.

Results

We identified a set of taxa for predicting patients with T2D compared to normoglycemic individuals, including Allisonella, Slackia, Ruminococus_2, Megaspgaera, Escherichia/Shigella, and Prevotella, among them. Besides, we concluded that Anaerostipes, Intestinibacter, Prevotella_9, Blautia, Granulicatella, and Veillonella were the relevant genus in patients with prediabetes compared to normoglycemic subjects.

Discussion

These findings allow us to postulate that GM is a distinctive signature in prediabetes and T2D patients during the development and progression of the disease. Our study highlights the role of GM and opens a window toward the rational design of new preventive and personalized strategies against the control of this disease.
Telehealth model versus in-person standard care for persons with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily injections: an open-label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ballesta Sílvia , Chillarón Juan J. , Inglada Yolanda , Climent Elisenda , Llauradó Gemma , Pedro-Botet Juan , Cots Francesc , Camell Helena , Flores Juana A. , Benaiges David
Published: June 2023

Objective

Increasing evidence indicates that the telehealth (TH) model is noninferior to the in-person approach regarding metabolic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and offers advantages such as a decrease in travel time and increased accessibility for shorter/frequent visits. The primary aim of this study was to compare the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 6 months in T1D care in a rural area between TH and in-person visits.

Research design and methods

Randomized controlled, open-label, parallel-arm study among adults with T1D. Participants were submitted to in-person visits at baseline and at months 3 and 6 (conventional group) or teleconsultation in months 1 to 4 plus 2 in-person visits (baseline and 6 months) (TH group). Mixed effects models estimated differences in HbA1c changes.

Results

Fifty-five participants were included (29 conventional/26 TH). No significant differences in HbA1c between groups were found. Significant improvement in time in range (5.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-10.38; p < 0.05) and in time above range (-6.34, 95% CI: -12.13- -0.55;p < 0.05) in the TH group and an improvement in the Diabetes Quality of Life questionnaire (EsDQoL) score (-7.65, 95% CI: -14.67 - -0.63; p < 0.05) were observed. In TH, the costs for the participants were lower.

Conclusions

The TH model is comparable to in-person visits regarding HbA1c levels at the 6-month follow-up, with significant improvement in some glucose metrics and health-related quality of life. Further studies are necessary to evaluate a more efficient timing of the TH visits.
Three-dimensional laser combined with C-arm computed tomography-assisted puncture of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Tao , Li Min , Gao Yang , Wang Shuangquan , Jiang Rongcai , Li Zefu
Published: June 2023

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest subtype of stroke, with a 30-day case fatality rate of approximately 40%. Timely and accurate treatment is essential to facilitate recovery. The introduction of stereotactic instruments and navigation systems has greatly improved the accuracy of surgical treatment. In this study, we explored the application and effects of a three-dimensional (3D) laser combined with C-arm computed tomography (CT) on ICH puncture.

Materials and methods

According to the principle of randomness, 118 patients with ICH were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group was treated with CT-guided puncture, and the experimental group was treated with 3D laser combined with C-arm CT puncture. The hematoma clearance rates at 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery and the prognosis at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results

The hematoma clearance rates of the group using 3D laser combined with C-arm CT at 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). One month postoperatively, the daily living ability (ADL) grading and recovery of the patients in the test group was significantly better than those of the control group (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in ADL 3 and 6 months after surgery (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

3D laser combined with C-arm CT puncture has the advantages of real-time guidance, accurate positioning, and simple operation. It is an effective minimally invasive surgical method that is easy to master.
The effect of intrapartum prolonged oxygen exposure on fetal metabolic status: secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chuai Fang , Dong Tong , Liu Yuan , Jiang Wen , Zhang Lanmei , Chen Lei , Chuai Yunhai , Zhou Yuhang
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of maternal prolonged oxygen exposure during labor on fetal acid–base status, fetal heart rate tracings, and umbilical cord arterial metabolites.

Design

The study was conducted as a secondary analysis.

Setting(s)

The study was set in three tertiary teaching hospitals in Beijing, China.

Participants

Approximately 140 women in the latent phase of labor with no complications participated in the study.

Intervention

Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 10 L of oxygen per minute in a tight-fitting simple facemask until delivery or room air only.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the umbilical cord arterial lactate.

Results

Baseline demographics and labor outcomes were similar between the oxygen and room air groups; the time from randomization to delivery was 322 ± 147 min. There were no differences between the two groups in the umbilical cord arterial lactate (mean difference 0.3 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval −0.2 to 0.9), the number of participants with high-risk category II fetal heart rate tracings (relative risk 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.32), or the duration of those high-risk tracings (mean difference 3.6 min, 95% confidence interval −9.3 to 16.4). Prolonged oxygen exposure significantly altered 91 umbilical cord arterial metabolites, and these alterations did not appear to be related to oxidative stress.

Conclusion

Maternal prolonged oxygen exposure during labor did not affect either the umbilical cord arterial lactate or high-risk category II fetal heart rate tracings but might result in alterations to the umbilical cord arterial metabolic profile.

Clinical trial registration

www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03764696.
Aerobic H2 production related to formate metabolism in white-rot fungi
Authors: Mori Toshio , Takahashi Saaya , Soga Ayumi , Arimoto Misa , Kishikawa Rintaro , Yama Yuhei , Dohra Hideo , Kawagishi Hirokazu , Hirai Hirofumi
Published: June 2023

Biohydrogen is mainly produced by anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic fungi, and algae under anaerobic conditions. In higher eukaryotes, it is thought that molecular hydrogen (H2) functions as a signaling molecule for physiological processes such as stress responses. Here, it is demonstrated that white-rot fungi produce H2 during wood decay. The white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor produces H2 from wood under aerobic conditions, and H2 production is completely suppressed under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, oxalate and formate supplementation of the wood culture increased the level of H2 evolution. RNA-seq analyses revealed that T. versicolor oxalate production from the TCA/glyoxylate cycle was down-regulated, and conversely, genes encoding oxalate and formate metabolism enzymes were up-regulated. Although the involvement in H2 production of a gene annotated as an iron hydrogenase was uncertain, the results of organic acid supplementation, gene expression, and self-recombination experiments strongly suggest that formate metabolism plays a role in the mechanism of H2 production by this fungus. It is expected that this novel finding of aerobic H2 production from wood biomass by a white-rot fungus will open new fields in biohydrogen research.
Clinical significance of CD155 expression and correlation with cellular components of tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Xue , Xu Chenyang , Guo Tianwei , Zhan Shenghua , Quan Qiuying , Li Mengsi , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Xueguang , Guo Lingchuan , Cao Lei
Published: June 2023

Introduction

CD155 is recently emerging as a promising target in malignancies. However, the relationship between CD155 expression and tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has rarely been clarified.

Methods

We measured CD155 expression in specimens of gastric precancerous disease and GAC by immunohistochemistry. The association of CD155 expression with GAC progression and cells infiltration in TME was evaluated through 268 GAC tissues and public dataset analysis.

Results

We showed that the expression of CD155 was positively correlated with the pathological development of gastric precancerous disease (r = 0.521, P < 0.0001). GAC patients with high CD155 expression had a poorer overall survival (P = 0.033). Moreover, CD155 expression correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features including tumor volume, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and cell proliferation (P <0.05). Remarkably, CD155 expression positively related to the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages in TME (P = 0.011). Meanwhile, the positive correlation was observed between CD155 and CD31 (P = 0.026). In addition, patients with high CD155 expression combined with low CD3, CD4, CD8, IL-17, IFN-γ or CD19 expression as well as those with high CD155 and α-SMA expression showed significantly worse overall survival (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

CD155 may play a pivotal role in the development of GAC through both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms and be expected to become a novel target of immunotherapy in GAC patients.
Oceanic and ecological response to native Typhoons Cempaka and Lupit (2021) along the northern South China Sea continental shelf: comparison and evaluation of global and regional Operational Oceanography Forecasting Systems
Authors: Guo Shaojing , Zhu Xueming , Ji Xuanliang , Wang Hui , Zhang Shouwen , Jiang Hua , Wang Dan
Published: June 2023

The Global Operational Oceanography Forecasting System from the Mercator Ocean (MO) and the regional South China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (SCSOFSv2) were compared and evaluated using in situ and satellite observations, with a focus on the oceanic and ecological response to two consecutive native typhoons, Cempaka and Lupit, that occurred in July–August 2021. Results revealed a better simulation of the chlorophyll a (Chla) structure by SCSOFSv2 and a better simulation of the temperature profile by MO in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, SCSOFSv2 sea surface temperature (SST) and MO Chla variations corresponded well with observations along the northern SCS shelf. Simulated maximum SST cooling was larger and 2–3 days earlier than those observations. Maximum Chla was stronger and led the climatological average by 2 days after the typhoon passage. Typhoon-induced vertical variations of Chla and NO3 indicated that different Chla bloom processes from coastal waters to the continental shelf. Discharge brought extra nutrients to stimulate Chla bloom in coastal waters, and model results revealed that its impact could extend to the continental shelf 50–150 km from the coastline. However, bottom nutrients were uplifted to contribute to Chla enhancement in the upper and middle layers of the shelf. Nutrients transported from the open sea along the continental slope with the bottom cold water could trigger Chla enhancement in the Taiwan Bank. This study suggests considering strong tides and waves as well as regional dynamics to improve model skills in the future.
Variance-based sensitivity analysis of oil spill predictions in the Red Sea region
Authors: Hammoud Mohamad Abed El Rahman , Mittal H. V. R. , Le Maître Olivier , Hoteit Ibrahim , Knio Omar
Published: June 2023

To support accidental spill rapid response efforts, oil spill simulations may generally need to account for uncertainties concerning the nature and properties of the spill, which compound those inherent in model parameterizations. A full detailed account of these sources of uncertainty would however require prohibitive resources needed to sample a large dimensional space. In this work, a variance-based sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the possibility of restrictinga priorithe set of uncertain parameters, at least in the context of realistic simulations of oil spills in the Red Sea region spanning a two-week period following the oil release. The evolution of the spill is described using the simulation capabilities of Modelo Hidrodinâmico, driven by high-resolution metocean fields of the Red Sea (RS) was adopted to simulate accidental oil spills in the RS. Eight spill scenarios are considered in the analysis, which are carefully selected to account for the diversity of metocean conditions in the region. Polynomial chaos expansions are employed to propagate parametric uncertainties and efficiently estimate variance-based sensitivities. Attention is focused on integral quantities characterizing the transport, deformation, evaporation and dispersion of the spill. The analysis indicates that variability in these quantities may be suitably captured by restricting the set of uncertain inputs parameters, namely the wind coefficient, interfacial tension, API gravity, and viscosity. Thus, forecast variability and confidence intervals may be reasonably estimated in the corresponding four-dimensional input space.
Setting the scene for a multi-map toolset supporting maritime spatial planning by mapping relative cumulative impacts on ecosystem service supply
Authors: Armoškaitė Aurelija , Aigars Juris , Andersone Ingrīda , Bonnevie Ida Maria , Hansen Henning Sten , Strāķe Solvita , Thenen Miriam von , Schrøder Lise
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide the foundations for the development of a spatial decision-support toolset that combines cumulative impacts and ecosystem service supply assessments to support what-if scenario analysis in a maritime spatial planning context. Specifically, a conceptual framework for a toolset has been designed in order to introduce a new approach for place-based assessments of change in relative ecosystem service supply in multiple services at a time due to changes in cumulative impacts. Central to the toolset are two pre-existing approaches for relative ecosystem service supply and cumulative impact assessments and tools that facilitate them. The tools take advantage of available data from various sources, including geodata and expert knowledge, and have already been proven to support maritime spatial planning in a real-world context. To test the new approach and demonstrate the outputs, an ecosystem service supply assessment was done manually using the two currently separate tools. The results of the test case ecosystem service supply assessment for the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea are also presented in this paper and illustrate the assessment steps and data needs. Although presently the focus of the illustrative assessment is the Gulf of Riga, the toolset will be able to accommodate analysis of cumulative impacts and service supply of any location, leaving the scope of the assessment to be determined by the objectives of the assessment as well as data availability (i.e., geospatial data availability and extent of expert knowledge).
Bullet-shaped magnetosomes and metagenomic-based magnetosome gene profiles in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney
Authors: Nakano Shinsaku , Furutani Hitoshi , Kato Shingo , Kouduka Mariko , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Suzuki Yohey
Published: June 2023

Magnetosome-producing microorganisms can sense and move toward the redox gradient and have been extensively studied in terrestrial and shallow marine sediment environments. However, given the difficulty of sampling, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are poorly explored in deep-sea hydrothermal fields. In this study, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney from the Southern Mariana Trough was collected using a remotely operated submersible. The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the vent chimney sample showed an internal iron redox gradient. Additionally, the electron microscopy of particles collected by magnetic separation from the chimney sample revealed MTB cells with bullet-shaped magnetosomes, and there were minor occurrences of cuboctahedral and hexagonal prismatic magnetosomes. Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis was performed to identify microorganisms that formed magnetosomes. A metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) affiliated with Nitrospinae had magnetosome genes such as mamA, mamI, mamM, mamP, and mamQ. Furthermore, a diagnostic feature of MTB genomes, such as magnetosome gene clusters (MGCs), including mamA, mamP, and mamQ, was also confirmed in the Nitrospinae-affiliated MAG. Two lines of evidence support the occurrence of MTB in a deep-sea, inactive hydrothermal vent environment.
Cold Cas: reevaluating the occurrence of CRISPR/Cas systems in Mycobacteriaceae
Authors: Brenner Evan , Sreevatsan Srinand
Published: June 2023

Bacterial CRISPR/Cas systems target foreign genetic elements such as phages and regulate gene expression by some pathogens, even in the host. The system is a marker for evolutionary history and has been used for inferences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 30 years. However, knowledge about mycobacterial CRISPR/Cas systems remains limited. It is believed that Type III-A Cas systems are exclusive to Mycobacterium canettii and the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) of organisms and that very few of the >200 diverse species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) possess any CRISPR/Cas system. This study sought unreported CRISPR/Cas loci across NTM to better understand mycobacterial evolution, particularly in species phylogenetically near the MTBC. An analysis of available mycobacterial genomes revealed that Cas systems are widespread across Mycobacteriaceae and that some species contain multiple types. The phylogeny of Cas loci shows scattered presence in many NTM, with variation even within species, suggesting gains/losses of these loci occur frequently. Cas Type III-A systems were identified in pathogenic Mycobacterium heckeshornense and the geological environmental isolate Mycobacterium SM1. In summary, mycobacterial CRISPR/Cas systems are numerous, Type III-A systems are unreliable as markers for MTBC evolution, and mycobacterial horizontal gene transfer appears to be a frequent source of genetic variation.
Targeted metabolomics analysis of nucleosides and the identification of biomarkers for colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer
Authors: Zheng Weifang , Wang Mingwei , Chai Xiaoyin , Pan Fuzhen , Xu Meihui , Wang Yingchen , Lan Liuhao , Hu Feiran , Zhang Zhe , Chen Zhu
Published: June 2023

The morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been increasing in recent years, and early detection of CRC can improve the survival rate of patients. RNA methylation plays crucial roles in many biological processes and has been implicated in the initiation of various diseases, including cancer. Serum contains a variety of biomolecules and is an important clinical sample for biomarker discovery. In this study, we developed a targeted metabolomics method for the quantitative analysis of nucleosides in human serum samples by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We successfully quantified the concentrations of nucleosides in serum samples from 51 healthy controls, 37 patients with colorectal adenomas, and 55 patients with CRC. The results showed that the concentrations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 3-methyluridine (m3U) were increased in patients with CRC, whereas the concentrations of N2-methylguanosine (m2G), 2′-O-methyluridine (Um), and 2′-O-methylguanosine (Gm) were decreased in patients with CRC, compared with the healthy controls and patients with colorectal adenomas. Moreover, the levels of 2′-O-methyluridine and 2′-O-methylguanosine were lower in patients with colorectal adenomas than those in healthy controls. Interestingly, the levels of Um and Gm gradually decreased in the following order: healthy controls to colorectal adenoma patients to CRC patients. These results revealed that the aberrations of these nucleosides were tightly correlated to colorectal adenomas and CRC. In addition, the present work will stimulate future investigations about the regulatory roles of these nucleosides in the initiation and development of CRC.