bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New Zealand passerines (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: SYCHRA OLDRICH , KOLENCIK STANISLAV , PALMA RICARDO L.
Published: June 2016

Myrsidea ivanliteraki new species, M. novaeseelandiae new species, and M. hihi new species are described and illustrated from New Zealand birds, with Gymnorhina tibicen, Anthornis melanura and Notiomystis cincta as type hosts respectively. Also, Myrsidea vincula is redescribed and illustrated from one sample ex Strepera fuliginosa from Australia. Keys for the identification of females and males of the five species of Myrsidea recorded from New Zealand are also given.
A new species of the genus Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Korea, with a key for East Asian species
Authors: PARK KYUNG-HWA
Published: June 2016

A new species of Hypogastruridae from Korea, Xenylla namia sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguished from previously described Xenylla species by a combination of the following characters: labral setae arrangement of 2/5,5,4, labial papilla E with one guard seta (e3), head without c2 seta, thoracic sterna II and III with a pair of medial setae, abdominal sternum III with 1 median seta above the retinaculum, abdominal sternum IV with seta m1. An identification key to East Asian species of Xenylla with detailed differences between East Asian Xenylla species is provided.
Distinct Impacts of Aerosols on an Evolving Continental Cloud Complex during the RACORO Field Campaign
Authors: Lin Yun , Wang Yuan , Pan Bowen , Hu Jiaxi , Liu Yangang , Zhang Renyi
Published: June 2016

A continental cloud complex, consisting of shallow cumuli, a deep convective cloud (DCC), and stratus, is simulated by a cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting Model to investigate the aerosol microphysical effect (AME) and aerosol radiative effect (ARE) on the various cloud regimes and their transitions during the Department of Energy Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) campaign. Under an elevated aerosol loading with AME only, a reduced cloudiness for the shallow cumuli and stratus resulted from more droplet evaporation competing with suppressed precipitation, but an enhanced cloudiness for the DCC is attributed to more condensation. With the inclusion of ARE, the shallow cumuli are suppressed owing to the thermodynamic effects of light-absorbing aerosols. The responses of DCC and stratus to aerosols are monotonic with AME only but nonmonotonic with both AME and ARE. The DCC is invigorated because of favorable convection and moisture conditions at night induced by daytime ARE, via the so-called aerosol-enhanced conditional instability mechanism. The results reveal that the overall aerosol effects on the cloud complex are distinct from the individual cloud types, highlighting that the aerosol–cloud interactions for diverse cloud regimes and their transitions need to be evaluated to assess the regional and global climatic impacts.
A Multibasin Residual-Mean Model for the Global Overturning Circulation
Authors: Thompson Andrew F. , Stewart Andrew L. , Bischoff Tobias
Published: June 2016

The ocean’s overturning circulation is inherently three-dimensional, yet modern quantitative estimates of the overturning typically represent the subsurface circulation as a two-dimensional, two-cell streamfunction that varies with latitude and depth only. This approach suppresses information about zonal mass and tracer transport. In this article, the authors extend earlier, zonally averaged overturning theory to explore the dynamics of a “figure-eight” circulation that cycles through multiple basins. A three-dimensional residual-mean model of the overturning circulation is derived and then simplified to a multibasin isopycnal box model to explore how stratification and diabatic water mass transformations in each basin depend on the basin widths and on deep and bottom-water formation in both hemispheres. The idealization to multiple, two-dimensional basins permits zonal mass transport along isopycnals in a Southern Ocean–like channel, while retaining the dynamical framework of residual-mean theory. The model qualitatively reproduces the deeper isopycnal surfaces in the Pacific Basin relative to the Atlantic. This supports a transfer of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Atlantic sector to the Pacific sector via the Southern Ocean, which subsequently upwells in the northern Pacific Basin. A solution for the full isopycnal structure in the Southern Ocean reproduces observed stratification differences between Atlantic and Pacific Basins and provides a scaling for the diffusive boundary layer in which the zonal mass transport occurs. These results are consistent with observational indications that North Atlantic Deep Water is preferentially transformed into Antarctic Bottom Water, which undermines the importance of an adiabatic, upper overturning cell in the modern ocean.
Eddy Cancellation of the Ekman Cell in Subtropical Gyres
Authors: Doddridge Edward W. , Marshall David P. , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: June 2016

The presence of large-scale Ekman pumping associated with the climatological wind stress curl is the textbook explanation for low biological activity in the subtropical gyres. Using an idealized, eddy-resolving model, it is shown that Eulerian-mean Ekman pumping may be opposed by an eddy-driven circulation, analogous to the way in which the atmospheric Ferrel cell and the Southern Ocean Deacon cell are opposed by eddy-driven circulations. Lagrangian particle tracking, potential vorticity fluxes, and depth–density streamfunctions are used to show that, in the model, the rectified effect of eddies acts to largely cancel the Eulerian-mean Ekman downwelling. To distinguish this effect from eddy compensation, it is proposed that the suppression of Eulerian-mean downwelling by eddies be called “eddy cancellation.”
Judgement, myth and hope in life-centred funerals
Authors: Walter Tony
Published: June 2016

Funerals led by a celebrant not representing a faith community are rapidly increasing in England. This article argues that these ‘life-centred’ funerals have an implicit theology; like Christian funerals, but in different ways, they invite judgement, myth and hope. How should churches respond to this competition? Imitation is problematic, because the ‘life-centred’ approach is far more than a mere technique to be bolted on to the Christian funeral. The article concludes by sketching some unique resources churches have that cannot be matched by the new breed of celebrants.
The ‘saving lie’ and the saving truth
Authors: Leah Gordon
Published: June 2016

At the conclusion of Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow lies about the dying words of the grieving fiancée’s villainous lover, Kurtz. He relates what her tearful questioning shows him she longs to hear, acting from fear of destroying her faith in Kurtz’s love for her. In this context I consider aspects of the absolutist and relativist positions regarding truth and lies. I also discuss whether absolute truth is obligatory in every situation or whether, as I conclude, a lie spoken in compassion for others’ feelings, despite the moral ambiguity, can be a loving act honoured by God in that situation.
The demanding call and the difficult question
Authors: Newton David
Published: June 2016

This article suggests that both Stanley Hauerwas and Rowan Williams write for a Church that lives under the judgement of God . For Hauerwas this entails presenting the Church with a demanding call, and for Williams it means presenting it with a difficult question. I argue that their discourse is thus intentionally lopsided, but as such neither voice is sustainable on its own. By considering the notion of ‘the stranger’ I then explore how such a call and question are worked out, and argue for the necessity of holding them together.
Difficult Texts: Luke 23.34 and Acts 7.60
Authors: Bash Anthony
Published: June 2016

It is widely understood that Jesus forgave those who were crucifying him. His example is held up as one reason to forgive the unrepentant. This article questions these views and suggests that to forgive the unrepentant cannot be supported on biblical or pastoral grounds.
Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: a biologically distinct lymphoma with frequent MAPK pathway mutations
Authors: Louissaint Abner , Schafernak Kristian T. , Geyer Julia T. , Kovach Alexandra E. , Ghandi Mahmoud , Gratzinger Dita , Roth Christine G. , Paxton Christian N. , Kim Sunhee , Namgyal Chungdak , Morin Ryan , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Neuberg Donna S. , South Sarah T. , Harris Marian H. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Garraway Levi A. , Harris Nancy Lee , Weinstock David M.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

PTNFL is a biologically distinct indolent lymphoma characterized by common MEK/ERK pathway mutations. The biology of PTNFL is not defined by age, as the mutational profile is similar in pediatric and adult cases.
Morphometric Analysis of the Middle Clinoid Process Using Maxillofacial Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Miller Christopher , Chamoun Roukoz , Beahm David
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: The interest in detailed anatomy of the sella and parasellar regions has resurged recently due to the wide clinical applications of the expanded endoscopic approaches to the skull base. The middle clinoid process (MCP) is a bony structure that can affect wide endoscopic exposure of the sella and parasellar region.

OBJECTIVE: To study and analyze the anatomic variations of the MCP in the general population using computed tomography scans.

METHODS: A total of 150 maxillofacial computed tomography scans were reviewed to characterize the MCP. Only adult patients without intracranial or nasal pathology were included. Measurements were made in the axial and sagittal planes to determine the maximum diameter, length, angulation, and location of the MCP.

RESULTS: The prevalence of the MCP was 30.7% in male and 42.7% in female patients. Of the MCPs, 41.8% were ring forming, whereas 76.4% were pneumatized. Quantitatively, the average axial base diameter was 4.6 ± 1.4 mm, the average sagittal base diameter was 5.0 ± 1.8 mm, the average length was 4.7 ± 1.7 mm, the average midline distance was 5.9 ± 2.3 mm, the average distance from the sellar-clival junction was 10.6 ± 3.3 mm, the average sagittal angle was 91.0 ± 21.1°, and the average axial angle was 45.2 ± 15.5°. A significant increase was found in the prevalence of MCPs in white patients compared with black patients, and a significantly greater midline distance and axial angle were found in male compared with female patients.

CONCLUSION: A clear understanding of the sellar and parasellar anatomy is crucial for successful and safe expanded endoscopic approaches. This study provides a quantitative anatomic characterization of the MCP in the U.S. population with demographic data analysis.
Twittering About Research: A Case Study of the World’s First Twitter Poster Competition
Authors: Randviir Edward P. , Illingworth Samuel M. , Baker Matthew J. , Cude Matthew , Banks Craig E.
Published: June 2016

The Royal Society of Chemistry held, to our knowledge, the world’s first Twitter conference at 9am on February 5 th, 2015. The conference was a Twitter-only conference, allowing researchers to upload academic posters as tweets, replacing a physical meeting. This paper reports the details of the event and discusses the outcomes, such as the potential for the use of social media to enhance scientific communication at conferences. In particular, the present work argues that social media outlets such as Twitter broaden audiences, speed up communication, and force clearer and more concise descriptions of a researcher’s work. The benefits of poster presentations are also discussed in terms of potential knowledge exchange and networking. This paper serves as a proof-of-concept approach for improving both the public opinion of the poster, and the enhancement of the poster through an innovative online format that some may feel more comfortable with, compared to face-to-face communication.
Combining combing and secondary ion mass spectrometry to study DNA on chips using 13C and 15N labeling
Authors: Cabin-Flaman Armelle , Monnier Anne-Francoise , Coffinier Yannick , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Gibouin David , Wirtz Tom , Boukherroub Rabah , Migeon Henri-Noël , Bensimon Aaron , Jannière Laurent , Ripoll Camille , Norris Victor
Published: June 2016

Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS) imaging of combed DNA – the combing, imaging by SIMS or CIS method – has been developed previously using a standard NanoSIMS 50 to reveal, on the 50 nm scale, individual DNA fibers labeled with different, non-radioactive isotopes in vivo and to quantify these isotopes. This makes CIS especially suitable for determining the times, places and rates of DNA synthesis as well as the detection of the fine-scale re-arrangements of DNA and of molecules associated with combed DNA fibers. Here, we show how CIS may be extended to 13C-labeling via the detection and quantification of the 13C14N- recombinant ion and the use of the 13C:12C ratio, we discuss how CIS might permit three successive labels, and we suggest ideas that might be explored using CIS.
Inhibitory system overstimulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of neuromuscular and neurological diseases: a novel hypothesis
Authors: Tuk Bert
Published: June 2016

Based upon a thorough review of published clinical observations regarding the inhibitory system, I hypothesize that this system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of a variety of neuromuscular and neurological diseases. Specifically, excitatory overstimulation, which is commonly reported in neuromuscular and neurological diseases, may be a homeostatic response to inhibitory overstimulation. Involvement of the inhibitory system in disease pathogenesis is highly relevant, given that most approaches currently being developed for treating neuromuscular and neurological diseases focus on reducing excitatory activity rather than reducing inhibitory activity.
From reads to genes to pathways: differential expression analysis of RNA-Seq experiments using Rsubread and the edgeR quasi-likelihood pipeline
Authors: Chen Yunshun , Lun Aaron T. L. , Smyth Gordon K.
Published: June 2016

In recent years, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a very widely used technology for profiling gene expression. One of the most common aims of RNA-seq profiling is to identify genes or molecular pathways that are differentially expressed (DE) between two or more biological conditions. This article demonstrates a computational workflow for the detection of DE genes and pathways from RNA-seq data by providing a complete analysis of an RNA-seq experiment profiling epithelial cell subsets in the mouse mammary gland. The workflow uses R software packages from the open-source Bioconductor project and covers all steps of the analysis pipeline, including alignment of read sequences, data exploration, differential expression analysis, visualization and pathway analysis. Read alignment and count quantification is conducted using the Rsubread package and the statistical analyses are performed using the edgeR package. The differential expression analysis uses the quasi-likelihood functionality of edgeR.
Аnalysis of Legal Regulation of Regional Technology Parks’ Activity: Tax Aspects
Authors: Евлоева  , Evloeva Madina
Published: June 2016

The article analyzes legal regulation of activity of technoparks in sphere of high

technologies on the basis of existing legislation for improvement of financial and

economic activity of regional parks. Based on the analysis of the legal framework

for technology parks and innovation it is offered to consider a number of normative

and legal acts at regional and national level, providing relief and ensuring the

effective operation of technoparks. Methods of tax risks in the industrial Park

are used, the use of tax benefits as tax optimization is considered. The main

provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the activity for established

technoparks in sphere of high technologies (on the example of under construction

technopark in the Republic of Ingushetia).
Export specialization in services of the Visegrad countries
Authors: Stefaniak-Kopoboru Joanna , Kuczewska Joanna
Published: June 2016

The importance of services and the international trade in services is growing systematically. There are some reasons for that, especially the rapid development of IT technologies. This increase in the international trade in services is a global phenomenon, however there are some other specific issues, other than economic or technological, which might influence the trade in services in particular countries. As for the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe such a factor could be the accession to the European Union (EU). The objective of the paper is to analyse the export specialization of the Visegrad countries in the international trade in services and how it changed over seven years after the EU accession. The service sector comprises of a variety of highly heterogeneous economic activities and the diversity of services is also reflected in the international trade of particular countries. Generally, the trade theories deal with trade of goods, but there are some attempts already to apply these theories for services. To find out the export specialization based on the comparative advantage in particular services, the main categories of services are analysed based on the adjusted RCA index assumptions. The analysis prepared in the paper is based on the balance of payment statistics provided by the WTO. The article is concluded by discussing the questions about the export specialization of particular countries and how it changed after the accession to the EU.
Using genetic algorithm in dynamic model of speculative attack
Authors: Gawrońska-Nowak Bogna , Grabowski Wojciech
Published: June 2016

Evolution of speculative attack models shows certain progress in developing the idea of the role of expectations in the crisis mechanism. Obstfeld (1996) defines expectations as fully exogenous. Morris and Shin (1998) treat the expectations as endogenous (with respect to noise), not devoting too much attention to information structure of the foreign exchange market. Dynamic approach proposed by Angeletos, Hellwig and Pavan (2006) offers more sophisticated assumption about learning process. It tries to reflect time-variant and complex nature of information. However, this model ignores many important details like a Central Bank cost function. Genetic algorithm allows to avoid problems connected with incorporating information and expectations into agent decision-making process to an extent. There are some similarities between the evolution in Nature and currency market performance. In our paper an assumption about rational agent behaviour in the efficient market is criticised and we present our version of the dynamic model of a speculative attack, in which we use a genetic algorithm (GA) to define decision-making process of the currency market agents. The results of our simulation seem to be in line with the theory and intuition. An advantage of our model is that it reflects reality in a quite complex way, i.e. level of noise changes in time (decreasing), there are different states of fundamentals (with “more sensitive” upper part of the scale), the number of inflowing agents can be low or high (due to different globalization phases, different capital flow phases, different uncertainty levels).
Analysis of monthly rates of return in April on the example of selected world stock exchange indices
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof
Published: June 2016

The article presents a study of the effectiveness of 22 selected stock indices with the use of the rates of return in the month of April. The portfolio replicating the stock index was bought at the closing prices on the last session in March, and sold at the closing prices on the last session in April. The presence of market inefficiency is demonstrated in cases of the following indices: All-Ord, AMEX, BUX, CAC40, DAX, DJIA, DJTA, DJUA, EOE, FTSE100, SMI, SP500, but for the following indices:  B-Share, Bovespa, Buenos, Hang-Seng, MEX-IPC, Nasdaq, Nikkei, Russel, TSE and WIG, the obtained monthly rates of return were statistically equal to zero. In the last part of the article, the correlation coefficients of rates of return for analyzed indices in month of April were surveyed.
Trends in IPOS: the evidence from cee capital markets
Authors: Meluzin Tomas , Zinecker Marek
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate IPO developments across five CEE countries between 2003 and 2012. Using a wider range of methods and different data sets we intend to complement the previous research. Applying descriptive statistics, relevant local developments are analysed first before being compared with leading European markets (London Stock Exchange and Deutsche Börse). We also investigated the assumption that a growing market has an explanatory power for the accelerating IPO activity. For this purpose we performed a Spearman correlation analysis. The data were evaluated at the significance level of α = 5 %. All CEE capital markets recorded strong dynamism over the observed period. All fundamental capital market parameters increase the attractiveness of individual capital markets, although their values lag behind developed European capital countries. The sole leader in the region is Poland with a flourishing IPO market. Our assumption that a growing market has a positive impact on IPO activities could not be supported by empirical evidence.
Approaches of Czech entrepreneurs to debt financing and management of credit risk
Authors: Kljucnikov Aleksandr , Belas Jaroslav
Published: June 2016

The aim of this article was to define, quantify and compare significant factors of the debt financing in the segment of SMEs. The research focused on the significant differences between groups of entrepreneurs, defined in relation to gender, education, size and age of the company, was carried out in the Czech Republic in 2015 on a sample of 1,141 respondents. We found that while the importance of the credit risk increased during the crisis, the level of knowledge of conditions under which commercial banks provide loans is relatively low between entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs presume that the credit conditions in commercial banks are not transparent, but agree that the better knowledge of credit criteria allows for easier access to funding. Substantial differences in the assessment of the factors of credit risk by defined groups of entrepreneurs were identified.
Profiles of Dialogue for Repairing Faults in Arguments from Expert Opinion
Authors: Koszowy Marcin , Walton Douglas
Published: June 2016

Using the profiles of dialogue method we identify a species of ad verecundiam fallacy that works by forestalling of questioning in arguments from expert opinion. A profile of dialogue is a graph structure used to model a sequence of speech acts surrounding both the putting forward of an argument and the response to it at the next moves in a dialogue. The method is applied to a case of cross-examining a software engineer in a legal deposition in a case of intellectual property litigation.
Consistency as a Signal of Skills
Authors: Falk Armin , Zimmermann Florian
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the role of consistency as a signaling device. We propose a two-period model that highlights the informativeness of consistency as a signal of skills and allows for the analysis of consequences for behavior. In a simple principal–agent experiment, we test the basic intuition of the model. We show that consistency is indeed associated with skills. Consequently, consistency is valued by others, inducing people to act consistently.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2459 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Redesigning Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Facility Location
Authors: Fischetti Matteo , Ljubić Ivana , Sinnl Markus
Published: June 2016

The uncapacitated facility location (UFL) problem is one of the most famous and most studied problems in the operations research literature. Given a set of potential facility locations and a set of customers, the goal is to find a subset of facility locations to open and to allocate each customer to open facilities so that the facility opening plus customer allocation costs are minimized. In our setting, for each customer the allocation cost is assumed to be a linear or separable convex quadratic function. Motivated by recent UFL applications in business analytics, we revise approaches that work on a projected decision space and hence are intrinsically more scalable for large-scale input data. Our working hypothesis is that many of the exact (decomposition) approaches that were proposed decades ago and discarded soon after need to be redesigned to take advantage of the new hardware and software technologies. To this end, we “thin out” the classical models from the literature and use (generalized) Benders cuts to replace a huge number of allocation variables by a small number of continuous variables that model the customer allocation cost directly. Our results show that Benders decomposition allows for a significant boost in the performance of a mixed-integer programming solver. We report the optimal solution of a large set of previously unsolved benchmark instances widely used in the available literature. In particular, dramatic speedups are achieved for UFL problems with separable quadratic allocation costs, which turn out to be much easier than their linear counterparts when our approach is used.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Omnichannel Retail Operations with Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store
Authors: Gao Fei , Su Xuanming
Published: June 2016

Many retailers have recently started to offer customers the option to buy online and pick up in store (BOPS). We study the impact of the BOPS initiative on store operations. We build a stylized model where a retailer operates both online and offline channels. Customers strategically make channel choices. The BOPS option affects customer choice in two ways: by providing real-time information about inventory availability and by reducing the hassle cost of shopping. We obtain three findings. First, not all products are well suited for in-store pickup; specifically, it may not be profitable to implement BOPS on products that sell well in stores. Second, BOPS enables retailers to reach new customers, but for existing customers, the shift from online fulfillment to store fulfillment may decrease profit margins when the latter is less cost effective. Finally, in a decentralized retail system where store and online channels are managed separately, BOPS revenue can be shared across channels to alleviate incentive conflicts; it is rarely efficient to allocate all the revenue to a single channel.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Unemployment Risks and Optimal Retirement in an Incomplete Market
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Jang Bong-Gyu , Park Seyoung
Published: June 2016

We develop a new approach for solving the optimal retirement problem for an individual with an unhedgeable income risk. The income risk stems from a forced unemployment event, which occurs as an exponentially distributed random shock. The optimal retirement problem is to determine an individual’s optimal consumption and investment behaviors and optimal retirement time simultaneously. We introduce a new convex-duality approach for reformulating the original retirement problem and provide an iterative numerical method to solve it. Reasonably calibrated parameters say that our model can give an explanation for lower consumption and risky investment behaviors of individuals, and for relatively higher stock holdings of the poor. We also analyze the sensitivity of an individual’s optimal behavior in changing her wealth level, investment opportunity, and the magnitude of preference for postretirement leisure. Finally, we find that our model explains a countercyclical pattern of the number of unemployed job leavers.
Side Stream End-Tidal CO2 Monitoring in Subjects Undergoing Non-Invasive Ventilation for Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nouwen Marinus J. , Helmich Elmar J. B. , Tjan Dave H. T. , Van der Steen Marijke S.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) is an important value to guide ventilation. For non-invasive ventilation (NIV) this is not always possible due to low flows. The Capnostream® monitor is able to measure PETCO2 in low flows. In this study the value of low flow PETCO2 measurement during non-invasive ventilation (NIV) will be assessed. A dimensionless number, provided by the Capnostream® monitor, to reflect respiration quality: the Integrated Pulmonary Index™ is also assessed.
Methods: Subjects undergoing NIV were included. Repetitive PaCO2 values were matched with PETCO2 values in time. Correlation was assessed using Pearson’s R and Bland-Altman plots. IPI™ was recorded over time and analysed for trends over time.
Results: Correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was moderate to good. In the total group Pearson’s R was 0.75 (p < 0.001), for subjects with COPD 0.86 (p < 0.001) and for subjects without COPD 0.89 (p < 0.001). However, Bland-Altman plots show that the limits of agreement exceeded the predetermined acceptable variation. IPI™ analysis was hampered by large proportions of missing data. IPI™ was higher in non-COPD subjects and in subjects improving during ventilation. However, neither an incline was seen over time in subjects improving nor a decline in subjects deteriorating, while on NIV.
Conclusion: Correlation between side-stream PETCO2 and PaCO2 was moderate to good, but showed a wide variation in Bland-Altman analysis and is therefore of only modest value in clinical practice. IPI™ analysis was hampered by missing data and did not have an additive value in standard clinical care.
New Insights on Mechanisms and Treatment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Ciobanu Laura D.
Published: June 2016

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a large group of diseases characterized by various degrees of inflammation and fibrosis, with progressive scarring of the interstitium, the tissue around the air sacs, leading to lung stiffness and restrictive pattern. Depending on the main pathological process, ILD extends from inflammatory type diseases, follicular bronchiolitis being the most representative, to fibrotic type diseases, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) being the most common and studied. The aim of the article is to review the current knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment in IPF based on research results and recent trials data. Nintedanib and pirfenidone are pointed out as the only two conditional recommended drugs for IPF by the current international guidelines.
Reputation and trust on online labour markets: the reputation economy of Elance
Authors: Alessandro Gandini  , Ivana Pais  , Davide Beraldo
Published: June 2016

This article examines profile data about 9,593 freelancers from 121 countries active in the Design and Multimedia section of Elance, a major online labour market existing up until 2015. Using statistical analysis, the article evidences that the earnings a contractor obtains from working through Elance positively correlates with higher reputation scores and suggests that the conception of trust among actors operating on an online labour market resembles that which characterises e-commerce platforms like eBay or Amazon, where trust relations among ‘strangers’ are guaranteed by an algorithmic-based third party that translates feedbacks and rankings into a numerical reputation proxy.
Dómstólaeftirlit með Alþingi: Breytt valdahlutföll í stjórnskipuninni
Authors: Thorarensen Björg
Published: June 2016

Greinin fjallar um hvernig eftirlitshlutverk dómstóla gagnvart Alþingi hefur vaxið á síðustu áratugum og raktar eru ástæður þess að valdahlutföll í stjórnskipuninni hafa þannig færst til. Upprunalegar kenningar um þrískiptingu ríkisvaldsins um að löggjafinn sé æðsta stofnun stjórnskipulagsins eru á undanhaldi og dómstólar veita löggjafanum æ ríkara aðhald er þeir skera úr um hvort lög samrýmist stjórnarskrá. Samanburður við danska og norska stjórnskipun leiðir í ljós að þróunin þar stefnir í sömu átt. Áhrif Mannréttindasáttmála Evrópu og stjórnarskrárbreytinga árið 1995 hafa leitt til breyttra skýringaraðferða dómstóla og styrkt eftirlitshlutverk þeirra. Sjónarmið um stjórnarskrárbundið lýðræði, réttarríkið og virk réttarúrræði borgaranna hafa orðið yfirsterkari hugmyndinni um yfirburðastöðu löggjafans og dómstólar telja sér stjórnskipulega skylt að skera úr um hvort lög fari í bága við mannréttindaákvæði stjórnarskrárinnar. Hæstiréttur Íslands hefur vísað til ríks svigrúms löggjafans á sviði fjárstjórnarvalds þegar deilt er um lög um skattlagningu, opinbera aðstoð o.fl. Þótt löggjöf byggist á mikilvægri pólitískri stefnumörkun er svigrúm Alþingis ekki takmarkalaust. Virkt aðhald dómstóla leiðir til þess að Alþingi þarf að meta með vandaðri hætti hvort gætt sé grundvallarsjónarmiða um jafnræði og meðalhóf við setningu laga sem takmarkar mannréttindi.
Iceland’s Involvement in the Anti-Apartheid Struggle
Authors: Einarsdóttir Jónína
Published: June 2016

The transnational anti-apartheid movement was heavily motivated by the postwar emphasis on human rights and decolonisation, and challenged by Cold War politics and economic interests. The aim of this article is to examine Iceland’s involvement in the anti-apartheid struggles with focus on the establishment of the unified anti-apartheid movement SAGA (Suður-Afríkusamtökin gegn apartheid), its organisation and activities. What were the motives of SAGA’s activists and their subjective experiences? The political background in Iceland is outlined as well as a historical overview of anti-apartheid activities including Iceland’s voting on resolutions against apartheid at UN and adoptions of sanctions against the South African regime. Iceland’s involvement in the antiapartheid struggle was contradictory. During two periods Iceland voted for more radical UN resolutions than did other Western countries, including the Nordic ones. Yet, Iceland adopted sanctions against the South African regime later than the neighbours and the same applies to the establishment of a unified anti-apartheid movement. The branding of the African National Congress (ANC) as communists allowed many to ignore the human right breaches of the South African regime. Most of the activists belonged to left-wing groups or the labour movement, and the relative absence of religious organisations and the Students’ Council of the University of Iceland is notable. Embedded in the transnational anti-apartheid network with particular ways of organisation and mobilisation, the activists became emotionally engaged and worked for a moral cause.
Money Talks: Gender Budgeting in the University of Iceland
Authors: Steinþórsdóttir Finnborg S. , Einarsdóttir Þorgerður , Heijstra Thamar M. , Pétursdóttir Gyða Margrét
Published: June 2016

The article addresses the financial framework, decision-making and budgeting processes of the University of Iceland from a gender perspective. The newly appointed rector of the University of Iceland (elected 2015) together with the university council is currently revising the UI system of the distribution formula of budget allocation. This provides an opportunity to examine the system which is inspired by New Public Management, with emphasis on global competition and performance based indicators. The aim of the article is to scrutinize the current system of budget allocation and distribution and its significance when it comes to gender. We ask how the, allegedly gender neutral, system plays out for different schools and disciplines and for academics in different ranks, when the gender dimension is taken into account. We draw on empirical data collected as part of the GARCIA research project, Gendering the Academy and Research combating Career Instability and Asymmetries, which is supported by the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union. To shed a light on the process we focus on the male-dominated School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (SENS) and the more feminised School of Social Sciences (SSS). The exploration shows that the financial framework, decision-making and budgeting processes at the University of Iceland are rather non-transparent, and biased in favour of the natural sciences. This applies to funding from the state; third party funding; the allocation of funding in the teaching part of the budgeting, as well as the research part. From the article it can be concluded that the current system contains an internal, though unintended, gender bias that needs to be corrected.
Incidence of Undetectable, Measurable, and Increased Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations Above the 99th Percentile Using a High-Sensitivity vs a Contemporary Assay in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Love Sara A , Sandoval Yader , Smith Stephen W , Nicholson Jennifer , Cao Jing , Ler Ranka , Schulz Karen , Apple Fred S
Published: June 2016

INTRODUCTION

We compared the incidence of undetectable [below the limit of detection (LoD)], measurable (LoD to 99th percentile), and increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations above the 99th percentile between Abbott high-sensitivity cTnI (hs-cTnI) and contemporary cTnI assays in a US emergency department population.

METHODS

Patients (n = 2100) presenting to the emergency department who had serial cTnI (0, 3, 6, 9 h) measurements ordered on clinical indication were enrolled. Contemporary cTnI [Abbott Architect used clinically; 99th percentile: 0.030 μg/L (30 ng/L)] and hs-cTnI [Abbott investigational; sex-specific 99th percentiles: female (F) 16 ng/L, male (M) 34 ng/L] assays simultaneously measured fresh EDTA plasma.

RESULTS

The hs-cTnI assay measured fewer undetectable cTnI concentrations compared to the contemporary cTnI assay across baseline (F: 31% vs 47%, M: 22% vs 40%) and serial (F: 21% vs 46%; M: 19% vs 54%) measurements. Conversely, the proportion of measurable cTnI concentrations was higher using hs-cTnI compared to contemporary cTnI assay across both baseline (F: 46% vs 31%; M: 60% vs 33%) and serial (F: 48% vs 28%; M: 83% vs 40%) measurements. The overall proportion of patients with increased cTnI concentrations above the 99th percentile was not significantly different between the contemporary (31%) and hs-cTnI (26%) assays (P = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients presenting to the emergency department, the use of the Abbott hs-cTnI assay provides clinicians with more numeric cTnI concentrations. This occurs via a shift from results below the LoD to those between the LoD and the 99th percentile and does not increase in the number of cTnI concentrations above the 99th percentile.
FATOR DE CRESCIMENTO TRANSFORMADOR BETA (TGF-β) EM LEITE: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Silva Fernanda Lopes da , Pinto Michele Da Silva , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes de , Perrone Ítalo Tuler
Published: June 2016

Colostro e leite bovino contêm fatores de crescimento tais como o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina IGF-I, IGF-II, fator de crescimento transformador beta TGF-β1, TGF-β2, fator de crescimento epidérmico EGF, fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básico bFGF e fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas PDGF. Nos últimos anos, o foco do interesse científico tem sido a identificação desses fatores dentro do leite bovino que pode ser relevante para a melhoria da saúde humana. Dessa forma, foram desenvolvidas diversas metodologias para a extração desses fatores de crescimento do leite a partir de leite, colostro ou soro de leite. As metodologias mais usadas são cromatografia de troca catiônica, microfiltração e ultrafiltração. A cromatografia de troca catiônica tem sido amplamente utilizada devido à natureza básica dos fatores de crescimento, enquanto a microfiltração tem sido utilizada para a concentração de alguns fatores de crescimento a partir de colostro, e a ultrafiltração foi bem sucedida apenas na separação de IGF-I a partir de IGF-II no soro de leite. Extratos de fator de crescimento a partir do leite, do colostro ou do soro de leite têm sido utilizados como preparações terapêuticas para cicatrização de feridas e no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias do intestino.
AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA EM QUEIJO PARMESÃO COMERCIALIZADO EM PARANAVAÍ – PARANÁ
Authors: Gomes Fernanda Duarte , Alves Aline , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Klososki Suellen Jensen
Published: June 2016

O queijo Parmesão ralado está entre os mais consumidos do país e também entre os mais fraudados, visto que a fragmentação facilita a incorporação de diversos adulterantes. A legislação brasileira estabelece como parâmetros a ser avaliados em queijo ralado apenas o teor de umidade e o conteúdo de gordura no extrato seco (GES). No entanto, é importante analisar outros parâmetros, a fim de caracterizar os produtos comercializados no Brasil, pois a qualidade pode estar comprometida. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição química e a presença de amido em diferentes amostras de queijo parmesão ralado, comercializadas na cidade de Paranavaí, Paraná. Foram analisadas quinze amostras, sendo de três lotes diferentes de cinco marcas. A composição química (umidade, cinzas, carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios) diferiu de uma amostra para outra, no entanto, todas as amostras estavam em conformidade com a legislação brasileira considerando os conteúdos de umidade. Quanto ao teor de GES, 60% das amostras apresentavam valores superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira para queijo semigordo, como o queijo Parmesão ralado. Uma das amostras apresentou teor de carboidratos elevado, no entanto, não foi constatada a presença de amido pelo teste do lugol. Conclui-se que 60% dos queijos ralados comercializados na cidade de Paranavaí apresentam desconformidade com a legislação brasileira, pois tinham maior conteúdo de gordura no extrato seco do que o estabelecido.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO PROTEICA DE LEITE PASTEURIZADO, SORO DE QUEIJO E SUAS MISTURAS PELO USO DO ANALISADOR CEM SPRINT TM
Authors: Paiva Igor Moura , Anjos Virgílio De Carvalho dos , Bell Maria José Valenzuela , Furtado Marco Antônio Moreira
Published: June 2016

Neste trabalho, o analisador de proteínas SprintTM foi avaliado quanto a sua capacidade de predizer a adição de soro no leite. Este tipo de prática é relativamente comum em laticínios, uma vez que o soro, por se tratar de um componente proteico, pode ser adicionado ao leite com pouca perda do teor de proteínas. Além disso, sua eliminação pela indústria queijeira de maneira incorreta contribui para poluição do meio ambiente. Misturas de leite pasteurizado com soro foram preparadas em diferentes níveis de adição e dois métodos de partição química do leite foram testados. Os resultados indicaram que a concentração de ácido tricloroacético (TCA) do método utilizado não foi adequada para o presente propósito, enquanto o método escolhido usando ácido acético glacial (GAA) apresentou uma melhor separação dos componentes solúveis e insolúveis do leite. Apesar das concentrações de soroproteínas e caseínas serem os parâmetros essenciais na determinação de adição de soro no leite, o uso das leituras de proteínas totais foram importantes para melhorar a linearidade do método, devido ao fato de que as razões soroproteínas/proteínas totais e caseínas/proteínas totais apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto à capacidade de predição de fraude. Portanto, por se tratar de uma plataforma rápida, segura e eficiente, o equipamento pode ser uma alternativa a ser implementada em laboratórios de controle de qualidade de alimentos que realizam ou planejam realizar ensaios para verificar a adição de soro em leite fluido.
Investigating the mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between knowledge management aspects and organizational performance of sepah bank in Ardabil province
Authors: Sahebnazar Daryoush , Dadfar Ebrahim
Published: June 2016

The organization’s performance is considered as the qualitative and quantitative base of the development of any country. As long as the organizations do not conduct a survey to evaluate their knowledge assets, knowledge and organizational learning which are considered as the necessary parts of any organization, will not improve the performance and organizational development.  Accordingly the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between knowledge management aspects and organizational performance. The population of this study includes employees of Sepah Bank in Ardabil province branches, and sampling was conducted based on Morgan table which its number was equal to 169 and finally 164 questionnaires were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and its reliability was investigated and has been approved using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The collected data were studied using modeling techniques, structural equation, and bootstrapping. All of the stages were calculated using Stata and Lisrel software. The results showed that knowledge management aspects (knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and application of knowledge) play a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance.
Menstrual Management for Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Quint Elisabeth H. , O’Brien Rebecca F. ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE,   The North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Braverman Paula K. , Adelman William P. , Alderman Elizabeth M. , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , O’Brien Rebecca F.
Published: June 2016

The onset of menses for adolescents with physical or intellectual disabilities can affect their independence and add additional concerns for families at home, in schools, and in other settings. The pediatrician is the primary health care provider to explore and assist with the pubertal transition and menstrual management. Menstrual management of both normal and abnormal cycles may be requested to minimize hygiene issues, premenstrual symptoms, dysmenorrhea, heavy or irregular bleeding, contraception, and conditions exacerbated by the menstrual cycle. Several options are available for menstrual management, depending on the outcome that is desired, ranging from cycle regulation to complete amenorrhea. The use of medications or the request for surgeries to help with the menstrual cycles in teenagers with disabilities has medical, social, legal, and ethical implications. This clinical report is designed to help guide pediatricians in assisting adolescent females with intellectual and/or physical disabilities and their families in making decisions related to successfully navigating menarche and subsequent menstrual cycles.
Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
Authors: Levy Sharon J.L. , Williams Janet F. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Ryan Sheryl A. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Patrick Stephen W. , Quigley Joanna , Siqueira Lorena , Smith Vincent C. , Walker Leslie R.
Published: June 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed November 2023.

The enormous public health impact of adolescent substance use and its preventable morbidity and mortality highlight the need for the health care sector, including pediatricians and the medical home, to increase its capacity regarding adolescent substance use screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). The American Academy of Pediatrics first published a policy statement on SBIRT and adolescents in 2011 to introduce SBIRT concepts and terminology and to offer clinical guidance about available substance use screening tools and intervention procedures. This clinical report provides a simplified adolescent SBIRT clinical approach that, in combination with the accompanying updated policy statement, guides pediatricians in implementing substance use prevention, detection, assessment, and intervention practices across the varied clinical settings in which adolescents receive health care.