bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Teacher Questioning and Student Talk in One Elementary ELL Classroom
Authors: Boyd Maureen P.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of how the varied form and responsive and response-able use of teacher questions can invite and direct not only more student talk in classrooms but elicit specific and varied features of student talk that enhance comprehension building and provide evidence of student engagement and high-level thinking. I examine one teacher’s questioning patterns and their relationship with types of student talk and learning in an elementary English language learning (ELL) classroom. I focus on two lessons, purposefully selected for differing student talk outcomes. I present a comparative look at descriptive statistics detailing teacher questioning patterning (in terms of typology, contingency, convergence-divergence, textual, extra-textual). I then illustrate how patterns of teacher questioning influence student talk and learning across these two lessons through close discourse analysis of representative classroom talk excerpts. I show how this teacher’s questions are varied in form but consistently contingent on and responsive to students’ talk contributions, even though in one lesson students struggle to make sense of surface meaning in the focal text and in the other lesson, students easily relate to the focal text. This teacher’s willingness to listen, and wield questioning to follow and selectively support student ideas, purposes, and lines of reasoning, supports dialogic talk for thinking and learning. Student talk for thinking and learning is present, but looks different, in both lessons.
Media, Places, and Assemblies
Authors: Verstraete Ginette
Published: February 2016

This essay explores the complex entanglements of media, place, and (public) space. On reviewing the spatial turn in media studies and the media turn in cultural geography, the article discusses Anna McCarthy’s well-known “spatial” discussion of Dara Birnbaum’s installation Rio Videowall in downtown Atlanta. The latter serves as a test case to ground and criticize some of the insights within those recent paradigms. In the second part of the discussion, Latour’s “Parliament of Things” is foregrounded as an alternative way of thematizing the role that media technologies play in the production of place. Latour’s Parliament rethinks place politically in terms of dynamic networks that raise questions about modes of representing place and strategies of visibility in public space. Ultimately, considering the matter of place and space as a networked assemblage of subjects, objects, and media technologies allows us to interrogate the democratic nature of the media environments in which we live.
Simulation of conductivity made by inkjet-printed silver tracks in E-textiles with different weave patterns
Authors: Ghahremani Mozhdeh , Latifi Masoud , Babaei Mohammadreza
Published: February 2016

The development of electric circuit fabrication on flexible polymer substrates has attracted a significant interest as a pathway to low-cost, comfortable movement, and large-area electronics among direct printing techniques. In this study, the inkjet printing technique was used as a simple method to chemically deposit silver nano and micro-particles (85–500 nm) to the polyester fabrics. It is done by the ejection of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent to attain nano metals on the different weave patterns with different surface roughness to measure the conductivity variations. A four-contact method was used to measure the electrical conductivity of the deposited samples which is usually employed in the electrical assessment of films. COMSOL Multiphysics® modeling software is used in order to simulate the conductivity of printed silver tracks and finally the results of simulation and experimental works have been compared. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the electrical conductivity of printed silver tracks.
Outcomes of denervation, joint lavage and capsular imbrication for painful thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Ehrl D. , Erne H. C. , Broer P. N. , Metz C. , Falter E.
Published: February 2016

Pain reduction remains the main aim in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. We performed a retrospective analysis of a case series of patients with symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis treated with denervation, joint lavage and capsular imbrication. A total of 60 patients participated in this study. Follow-up, including a clinical examination, was performed on 37 patients at a mean of 46 months (range 12 to 81); an additional 23 patients were followed-up by telephone at a mean of 52 months (range 14 to 93) post-operatively. The patients assessed in person showed a significant decrease in pain and a significant improvement in thumb function. The information gathered by telephone gave similar results. The findings of our study indicate that the presented treatment approach could be a good alternative to more invasive surgical options in patients with earlier stages of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Advantages include the low rate of complications and invasiveness, as well as short recovery times.

Level of evidence: IV
The Four Cultures: Media Studies at the Crossroads
Authors: Pooley Jefferson D.
Published: February 2016

The commentary traces four distinct but overlapping cultures in US media studies: (1) speech and rhetoric, (2) a media research field centered on the mass communication trades, (3) one detached from those trades, and (4) film studies. I point to each culture’s institutional history, typical academic unit, and unique self-understanding. The main claim is that the four-part division has always had an arbitrary character, but is especially incoherent and damaging in an era of media convergence and cross-disciplinary interest in the field’s core questions. The commentary argues that the four-culture divide renders our scholarship invisible not just to outsiders from other disciplines but even to our would-be compatriots in the other three cultures.
miR-22 inhibits mouse ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting SIRT1
Authors: Xiong Fang , Hu Lingqing , Zhang Yun , Xiao Xiao , Xiao Juxia
Published: February 2016

Granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis has been shown to be involved in follicular atresia, which is a degenerative process in ovarian follicles of mammals. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of follicular atresia, particularly by microRNAs, is not well known. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-22 in healthy follicles (HF), early atretic follicles (EAF), and progressively atretic follicles (PAF). Flow cytometry was performed to assess the apoptosis of mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) treated with miR-22 mimics or negative control (NC) mimics. Regulation of the expression of SIRT1 by miR-22 was evaluated using a luciferase reporter assay system. To investigate the roles of SIRT1 in mGC apoptosis, the endogenous SIRT1 gene in mGCs was knocked down using an siRNA specific for SIRT1. miR-22 was increased during follicular atresia and suppressed granulosa cell apoptosis. The results of the luciferase reporter assay indicated that SIRT1 was a target gene of miR-22. In addition, knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated apoptosis in mGCs. miR-22 inhibits mGC apoptosis by downregulating SIRT1 directly in vitro. This study provides important insights into understanding the regulation mechanism of ovarian follicle atresia.
NEGATIVE ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN AGROBIOGEOCENOSE OF SPRING WHEAT AT BIOLOGIZATION OF ITS CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Оленин  , Olenin Oleg
Published: February 2016

An application of biologization basic elements of spring wheat cultivation technology promotes agro-ecological optimization of agrophytocenosis, increases the bioenergy and economic efficiency, but reduces the crop yield, due to the existence of certain adverse ecosystem changes in the agrobiogeocenose. The causes of adverse ecosystem changes were found, and ways to overcome them were identified.
Zika virus disease: a public health emergency of international concern
Authors: Lupton Kelly
Published: February 2016

The emergence of Zika virus disease (ZIKV) in the Americas, mainly Brazil, has required the World Health Organization to take action to halt the spread of the virus by implementing preventive measures. This has resulted in increased surveillance of the virus and its potential complications. In the UK, cases of ZIKV have been reported in returning travellers. With the importance of this disease increasing, it is vital that nurses and other health professionals take the time to learn about ZIKV in order to pass on this knowledge to patients, enabling them to make informed choices about travel to affected areas. This article will discuss the ZIKV, its complications and what to advise travellers, including pregnant women, to prevent transmission and spread.
Es ist besser, Fremdsprachen im Zielsprachenland zu lernen – Lernerauffassungen hinsichtlich der Rolle von Auslandsaufenthalten beim Fremdsprachenlernen
Authors: Nerlicki Krzysztof
Published: February 2016

Study abroad contexts are assumed by foreign language learners to be the best environment for effective language learning. This article reports on beliefs of first year Polish students of German studies. The collected qualitative data show that Polish students do not differ from other learners with regard to their opinions on study abroad and its benefits (and disadvantages) for speaking German. The article underlines the need to reflect with learners about their beliefs, experiences, and expectations of language learning.
Potencial agrícola de um composto organomineral à base de resíduo de sisal, esterco e farinha de rocha para produção de mudas de sisal
Authors: Sousa Carla Silva , Prazeres Diego Cayres , Santos Isabel Nunes , Lima Francisco Sousa , Soares Ana Cristina Fermino
Published: February 2016

O sisal é uma cultura de grande importância socioeconômica para a Bahia, contudo, ainda pouco estudada, tornando-se necessárias pesquisas que apontem alternativas tecnológicas para a produção de mudas com boa qualidade fitossanitária e nutricional. O aproveitamento do resíduo gerado do desfibramento das folhas é uma alternativa viável para adubação dos plantios. O presente trabalho avaliou o potencial agrícola de um composto produzido com diferentes proporções de resíduo de sisal, farinha de rocha e esterco no crescimento e nutrição de mudas de sisal. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de bloco casualizado, esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 5, sendo 2 solos, 5 compostos organominerais e 5 doses (0, 10, 20, 30 e 50 t/ha), com quatro repetições. Não foi possível definir a melhor dose a ser aplicada dos compostos, entretanto, estes foram superiores ao tratamento controle (dose zero) favorecendo o crescimento das mudas. Os compostos C1 com 10% esterco+ 10% farinha de rocha + 80% resíduo de sisal e C5 com 20% esterco + 20% farinha de rocha + 60% resíduo de sisal promoveram aumento de até 253,2% e 87,5% nos teores de N e P em comparação aos demais compostos no solo argiloso. No solo arenoso, o composto C9 (30% esterco + 30% farinha de rocha + 40% resíduo) destacou-se favorecendo a absorção dos nutrientes N e P nas mudas de sisal. Fatores como tipo e grau de fertilidade do solo, ciclo vegetativo da cultura, bem como, material a ser utilizado devem ser considerados no preparo do composto organomineral.
The Cue-of-the-Cloud Effect: When Reminders of Online Information Availability Increase Purchase Intentions and Choice
Authors: Bhargave Rajesh , Mantonakis Antonia , White Katherine
Published: February 2016

In offline purchasing settings (e.g., retail stores), consumers often encounter reminders that product information can be found on the Internet. The authors refer to a reminder of the availability of online information as a “cue-of-the-cloud” and explore its unique consequences on offline consumer behavior. This research finds that when consumers are presented with relatively large amounts of information in offline purchasing situations, a cue-of-the-cloud can enhance purchase intentions and choice behaviors. This occurs because the cue increases consumers’ confidence in being able to retain and access the information seen in-store, which engenders positive feelings about the decision to purchase. Four studies, including two experiments in real brick-and-mortar field settings, demonstrate the consequences of a cue-of-the-cloud, along with some novel moderators of these effects.
The dimensions of corruption and its impact on FDI decision making: the case of Guatemala
Authors: Godinez Jose , Garita Mauricio
Published: February 2016

This study researches how the arbitrariness and pervasiveness of corruption affect the decision-making process and subsequent operations of firms investing in highly corrupt host locations. The results of the analysis demonstrate that firms headquartered in countries where corruption is high have an advantage when operating in a foreign country with a similar institutional environment. The reason for this advantage is that these firms possess knowledge of how to cope with the arbitrary and pervasive dimensions of corruption. Firms from countries with lower corruption levels than the host country, however, are more affected by corruption in a highly corrupt host country. Finally, though this study finds evidence that all firms operating in a highly corrupt country might participate in corrupt deals, those headquartered in highly corrupt countries are more likely to be willing to do so. This claim is based on 12 in-depth interviews with managers with FDI allocation responsibilities of firms operating in a highly corrupt host country. The results show that firms from less corrupt countries face stronger pressures from their headquarters to not engage in corrupt deals, whereas firms from more corrupt countries do not encounter such pressures.
Purification of polyclonal IgG specific for Camelid’s antibodies and their recombinant nanobodies
Authors: Haddad Muhammad , Soukkarieh Chadi , Khalaf Houssam Eddin , Abbady Abdul Qader
Published: February 2016

Camelid’ s heavy-chain antibody (HCAb) consists of only two heavy chains and lacks the two light chains together with the CH1 domain usually found in conventional immunoglobulins. A recombinant single antigen-binding entity, named VHH (or Nanobody®) was generated by reengineering the variable domains from HCAb. This study focuses on the detection of camelid´s immunoglobulins as well as their derivative nanobodies using a universal anti-camel antibody produced in rabbit (rIgG). Starting from a crude rabbit serum, a standard stock of rIgG (1 mg/ml) was prepared after purification by affinity chromatography using protein-A column. As expected, rIgG was able to detect camel antibodies in ELISA and immunoblotting, and its reactivity was equal against all different camel IgG subclasses, which were purified from serum by differential affinity chromatography on protein-G and -A. Interestingly, rIgG also recognized nanobodies since they were originally part of camel HCAbs, providing an alternative method to detect the corpus of these recombinant proteins rather than targeting their artificial tags. These data suggest that the anti-camel rIgG described here could be efficiently applied at different stages of nanobody technology, including the quantitation of the issued nanobodies and their detection when bound to target antigens.
Antioxidative defense mechanism of the ruderal Verbascum olympicum Boiss. against copper (Cu)-induced stress
Authors: Akpınar Ayşegül Uğar , Arslan Hülya , Güleryüz Gürcan , Kırmızı Serap
Published: February 2016

The endemic Verbascum olympicum has characteristics that allows it to live in degraded areas of Uludağ Mountain, Turkey and therefore known as a ruderal species. In this study, V. olympicum seeds collected from Uludağ Mountain were grown in the Hoagland nutrient solution, under hydroponic conditions. The activity of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) were examined to demonstrate the role of antioxidative mechanism in the seedlings exposed to different Cu concentrations (0, 50, 250, 500 μM) for seven days. Also, certain growth parameters (such as the water content, biomass production, soluble protein), the level of lipid peroxidation, cell membrane injury and permeability were investigated. As a result, some toxic effects are observed following the application of 500 μM Cu, after the seedlings growing in 50 and 250 mM Cu concentrations showed high resistance and survived in hydroponic conditions. Our findings provide information about the resistance of V. Olympicum seedlings to oxidative stress caused by excessive Cu concentrations.
Push-pull effect on the geometrical, optical and charge transfer properties of disubstituted derivatives of mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (mer-AlND3)
Authors: Rao Joshi Laxmikanth , Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi
Published: February 2016

To design innovative and novel optical materials with high mobility, two kinds of disubstituted derivatives for mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (mer-AlND3) with push (EDG)–pull (EWG) substituents have been designed. The structures of mer-tris(8-EDG-2-EWG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (type I) and mer-tris(8-EWG-2-EDG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (type II) in the ground and first excited states have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(D) and CIS/6-31G(D) level of theory, respectively. It can be seen from frontier molecular orbitals analysis, in all these complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is localized on the pyridine-4-ol ring of A-ligand while lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is on the pyridyl ring of B-ligand in ground state irrespective of electron donor/acceptor substitution present on the ligands similar to that of mer-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (mer-Alq3) and parent mer-AlND3.The absorption and emission wavelengths have been evaluated at the TD-PBE0/6-31G(D) level and it can be see that all the type I derivatives show blue shift while most of the type II derivatives show red shift compared to mer-AlND3. All the disubstituted complexes have showed hypsochromic shifts in both the absorption and emission spectra when compared with the calculated absorption and emission spectra respectively of mer-Alq3. It can be seen that the reorganization energies of some of the disubstituted derivatives are comparable with mer-Alq3 and these derivatives might be good candidates for emitting materials in OLED.
Cdc42 and Rac1 activity is reduced in human pheochromocytoma and correlates with FARP1 and ARHGEF1 expression
Authors: Croisé Pauline , Houy Sébastien , Gand Mathieu , Lanoix Joël , Calco Valérie , Tóth Petra , Brunaud Laurent , Lomazzi Sandra , Paramithiotis Eustache , Chelsky Daniel , Ory Stéphane , Gasman Stéphane
Published: February 2016

Among small GTPases from the Rho family, Cdc42, Rac, and Rho are well known to mediate a large variety of cellular processes linked with cancer biology through their ability to cycle between an inactive (GDP-bound) and an active (GTP-bound) state. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP to generate the activated form, whereas the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) catalyze GTP hydrolysis, leading to the inactivated form. Modulation of Rho GTPase activity following altered expression of Rho-GEFs and/or Rho-GAPs has already been reported in various human tumors. However, nothing is known about the Rho GTPase activity or the expression of their regulators in human pheochromocytomas, a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In this study, we demonstrate, through an ELISA-based activity assay, that Rac1 and Cdc42 activities decrease in human pheochromocytomas (PCCs) compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. Furthermore, through quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, we show that the expression of two Rho-GEF proteins, namely ARHGEF1 and FARP1, is significantly reduced in tumors compared with matched non-tumor tissue, whereas ARHGAP36 expression is increased. Moreover, siRNA-based knockdown of ARHGEF1 and FARP1 in PC12 cells leads to a significant inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, respectively. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) of our dataset was able to discriminate PCC from non-tumor tissue and indicates a close correlation between Cdc42/Rac1 activity and FARP1/ARHGEF1 expression. Altogether, our findings reveal for the first time the importance of modulation of Rho GTPase activities and expression of their regulators in human PCCs.
Increasing Medication Possession at Discharge for Patients With Asthma: The Meds-in-Hand Project
Authors: Hatoun Jonathan , Bair-Merritt Megan , Cabral Howard , Moses James
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Many patients recently discharged from an asthma admission do not fill discharge prescriptions. If unable to adhere to a discharge plan, patients with asthma are at risk for re-presentation to care. We sought to increase the proportion of patients discharged from an asthma admission in possession of their medications (meds in hand) from a baseline of 0% to >75%.

METHODS:

A multidisciplinary improvement team performed 3 plan–do–study–act cycles over 2 years and, using a statistical process control chart, tracked the proportion of patients admitted with asthma discharged with meds in hand as the primary outcome. An exploratory, retrospective analysis of insurance data was conducted with a convenience sample of Medicaid-insured patients, comparing postdischarge utilization between patients discharged with meds in hand and usual care. Generalized estimating equations accounted for nonindependence in the data.

RESULTS:

Changes to the discharge process culminated in the development of a discharge medication delivery service. Outpatient pharmacist delivery of discharge medications to patient rooms achieved the project aim of 75% of patients discharged with meds in hand. In a subset of patients for whom all insurance claims were available, those discharged with meds in hand had lower odds of all-cause re-presentation to the emergency department within 30 days of discharge, compared with patients discharged with usual care (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our initiative led to several discharge process improvements, including the creation of a medication delivery service that increased the proportion of patients discharged in possession of their medications and may have decreased unplanned visits after discharge.
An Integrated Approach to Relationship Education: Supporting Human Services Providers to Strengthen Individuals and Families
Authors: Arnold Amy Laura , Carlson Matthew , Grimsley Rebecca N. , Cenizal Robyn
Published: February 2016

Healthy relationship education helps ameliorate the cycle of family fragmentation. Although provided in a variety of forms, scholars support that the most efficient way of promoting healthy relationship education is through integration within human services. The National Resource Center for Healthy Marriage and Families uses a workshop approach to assist human services providers to integrate healthy relationship skills into their preexisting service delivery methods. In this study, a “for whom does it work” approach was used to identify workshop participant (N = 40) characteristics that influenced learning impact and transfer of learning. Supervisors reported greater transfer of learning. Personal and agency readiness were predictive of learning impact. Barriers to integration, as well as implications for practice and research, are discussed.
Peers Influence Mathematics Strategy Use in Early Elementary School
Authors: Carr Martha , Barned Nicole , Otumfuor Beryl
Published: February 2016

This study examined the impact of performance goals on arithmetic strategy use in first graders, and also how same-sex peer groups contributed to the selection of strategies used by elementary school children. It was hypothesized that early emerging gender differences in strategy use, with boys preferring retrieval and cognitive strategies and girls preferring to use manipulatives, are a function of performance goals and peer group valuing of strategies. Using a sample of 75 first grade students, data were collected at three different time-points throughout the school year. Hierarchical linear regression and repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated that performance goals predicted an increase in the use of retrieval and cognitive strategies, but only in boys. Accuracy in performance and an increased use of retrieval and cognitive strategies were found in all-boy groups, but this effect was not found in all-girl groups. The study identifies performance goals and peers as playing a persuasive role in the use of retrieval and cognitive strategies for boys. Neither variable seems to explain girls’ preference for manipulative-based strategies.
Pedagogical Voyeurism: Dialogic Critique of Documentation and Assessment of Learning
Authors: Matusov Eugene , Marjanovic-Shane Ana , Meacham Sohyun
Published: February 2016

We challenge a common emphasis on documentation and assessment of learning for providing good education: from the mainstream of neoliberal accountability movement to the progressive Reggio Emilia schools. We develop these arguments through discussing: 1) immeasurableness of education and learning, 2) students’ ownership/authorship of education and learning. We ground our conceptualization of educational assessment in critical dialogue, in a case of a student who requested assessment of her research project, and guided her peers and the teacher in providing different aspects of this assessment. We argue that documentation of learning on teacher’s demand leads to surveillance, discipline, distraction, teacher-student distrust, and robbing of students from ownership of their education and thus it is anti-educational
Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC and barriers to its use among the antenatal care seekers of Sululta Health Centers, Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Seifu Mekonnen , Gashe Fanta , Jemal Awol , Tessema Shibiru , Amelo Wote
Published: February 2016

Background: With global expansion of contraceptive information and services, contraceptive technologies have continually improved and contraceptive prevalence has risen throughout most of the world. Emergency contraceptive pills have become more available in many developing countries. However, limited provider knowledge and negative attitudes, as well as poor user awareness and access, have hindered clients in learning about and using it. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC and also barriers to its use among the antenatal care attendees of Sululta health centers.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sululta health centres from January to February 2013/2014. Eighty seven Antenatal care attendees were interviewed. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data.

Results: Of the 87 women included in the study 23 (26.4%) reported that the current pregnancy was unplanned and 5 (5.7%) reported that they had induced abortion in the previous years. Of the study participants 25 (28.7%) had ever heard about EC. Whereas only 6 (6.9%) of the women had actually used EC. The preferred places for the provision of EC were public hospitals 2 (8%), health centers 17(68%), private clinics 3 (12%) & pharmacies 11 (44%).
Conclusions: This study showed that the major barrier to the use of EC is lack of awareness & also there is demand for education.
The Evolution of Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, Part II: The Broader Professional Purpose of EBLIP
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan D.
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
The Launch of a Joint Library/Writing Centre Online Course on Academic Integrity
Authors: Merkley Cari
Published: February 2016

Objective – To outline the collaborative development of an online course addressing academic integrity by a university’s library system and writing centre.

Design – Case study.

Setting – A public research university in the Midwestern United States.

Subjects – 1650 students who completed the online module.

Methods – Oakland University (OU) Libraries and the Writing Centre began to collaborate on the development of a new online course on academic integrity in 2011. It was felt that an existing online library tutorial on plagiarism no longer met the needs of students and faculty. The development of the course was informed by the Association of College and Research Libraries’ Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) as well as a research study investigating students’ use of sources in their scholarly writing across several institutions. Moodle, the institution’s learning management system (LMS), was used to develop the learning object.

Main Results – OU Libraries and the Writing Centre launched the six-part online course entitled “Using and Citing Sources” in January 2012. They developed modules around learning outcomes in five broad categories: defining academic integrity and plagiarism; the use of sources in academic writing; paraphrasing; quoting; and citation. The final module provided students with an opportunity to practise lessons learned in the first five modules. The use of the LMS to design and host the course limited the tutorial to registered students, but provided developers with access to additional course functionality without labour-intensive coding. It also allowed Writing Centre staff to access students’ performance data on the modules prior to their appointments. Improvements over the previous online tutorial included expanded content on academic ethics and referencing, more active learning elements, video content, and the opportunity for students to choose discipline-specific examples. In the first four months of its availability, 1650 students completed the course, with 3330 attempts overall.

Conclusion – The diverse perspectives and expertise that individuals from OU Libraries and the Writing Center brought to their collaboration greatly informed the development of the course. The time and effort saved by using the university’s existing LMS to develop interactive content and the focus on providing students with opportunities for active learning within the course contributed to the project’s success.
Provocative and Stimulating – but EBLIP (and Information Literacy) are Moving Targets!
Authors: Booth Andrew
Published: February 2016

Andrew Booth provides a response to Ola Pilerot's EBLIP5 Keynote critiquing Evidence Based Library and Information Practice against a model of research use.
The Information Seeking Behavior of Undergraduate Education Majors: Does Library Instruction Play a Role?
Authors: Martin Jason
Published: February 2016

Objective – This study investigated the information seeking behavior of undergraduate majors to gain a better understanding of where they find their research information (academic vs. non-academic sources) and to determine if library instruction had any impact on the types of sources used.

Methods – The study used a convenience sample of 200 students currently enrolled as undergraduates at the University of Central Florida’s College of Education. A chi square test of association was conducted to determine if the proportion of undergraduate Education majors who use academic sources as compared to non-academic sources varied depending on whether the students had attended at least one library instruction session.

Results – The majority of students surveyed find their research information on the freely available Web, even though they admit that academic sources are more credible. At an alpha level of .05, types of sources used for research were not statistically significantly related to whether the student attended library instruction sessions (Pearson χ2 (1, N = 200) = 1.612, p = .447, Cramer’s V = .090).

Conclusion – These results are supported by other studies that indicate that today’s college students are using freely available Internet sites much more than library resources. Little to no association appears to exist between “one-shot” library instruction sessions and the sources used by students in their research. Serious consideration needs to be given to multiple library instruction sessions and to for-credit library courses over one-shot classes.
Academic Librarians’ Conception and Use of Evidence Sources in Practice
Authors: Koufogiannakis Denise
Published: February 2016

Objective – The objective of this study was to explore and understand how academic librarians use evidence in their professional decision making. The researcher aimed to gain insights on the relevance of the current EBLIP model to practice, and to understand the possible connections between scientific research and tacit knowledge within the practice of LIS.

Methods – A grounded theory methodology was used, following the approach of Charmaz (2006). Participants were 19 academic librarians in Canada. Data was gathered via online diaries and semi-structured interviews over a six-month period in 2011.

Results – Two broad types of evidence were identified (hard and soft), and are generally used in conjunction with one another. Librarians examine all evidence sources with a critical eye, and try to determine a complete picture before reaching a conclusion. As well, librarians use a variety of proactive and passive approaches to find evidence.

Conclusions – These results provide a strong message that no single evidence source is perfect. Consequently, librarians bring different types of evidence together in order to be as informed as possible before making a decision. Using a combination of evidence sources, depending upon the problem, is the way academic librarians approach decision making.
Editorial Responsibilities
Authors: Brettle Alison
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Ameryka Środkowa – trudne sąsiedztwo na przesmyku między Meksykiem i Ameryką Południową
Authors: Czerny Mirosława
Published: February 2016

Artykuł omawia genezę i przebieg współczesnych granic w Ameryce Środkowej. Skupia się na historycznym procesie kształtowania się granic po upadku imperium hiszpańskiego oraz na sporach i konfliktach granicznych wynikających z roszczeń terytorialnych wobec sąsiadów. Granice państw w Ameryce Centralnej kształtowały się od czasu uzyskania przez nie niepodległości w 1821 r. i powstania Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Środkowej aż do XX w., kiedy w 1903 r., w wyniku oderwania się od Kolumbii, powstało niepodległe państwo Panama. Historia siedmiu państw regionu jest burzliwa i wypełniona licznymi konfliktami granicznymi i wojnami. Ich przyczyn należy szukać m.in. w sytuacji społecznej i politycznej regionu, a głównie w kwestii braku ziemi i rozszerzającym się problemom struktury własnościowej na wsi. Szczególnie wiele uwagi poświęca współczesnym stosunkom dwustronnym i konfliktom granicznym między Nikaraguą i Kostaryką.
Rola Wisły jako rzeki granicznej na tle historycznych podziałów kraju i jej znaczenie w aktualnym podziale administracyjnym
Authors: Twardowski Łukasz
Published: February 2016

Celem pracy jest zbadanie znaczenia Wisły jak rzeki granicznej zarówno w kontekście historycznych podziałów kraju, jak i w obowiązującym podziale administracyjnym. Na podstawie map i literatury możliwe było określenie, na jakich odcinkach i w jakich okresach Wisła stanowiła granicę zapożyczoną z natury i gdzie rola Wisły jako rzeki granicznej cechuje się największą stabilnością.
Stock-Splits, The Bid-Ask Spread And The Information Hypothesis
Authors: Denning Karen Craft , Ferris Stephen P.
Published: February 2016

Though many plausible explanations have been offered, the behavior of splitting shares remains an anomaly. Parameters of the stock return distribution shift around the time of the split announcement despite the fact that there is no obvious economic significance to the splitting of a firms shares. This paper directly examines the Information Hypothesis as an explanation for the observed increase in means and variance of stock returns at the time of the split announcement. Results from an analysis of all splitting shares on the CRSP Tap reveals a relationship between the bid-ask spread and trading volume that is consistent with the Information Hypothesis.
The European Economic Community: Thirty Years Later
Authors: Kondonassis A.J.
Published: February 2016

The European Economic Community has been in operation for about 30 years. During this period an increased economic cooperation has been attained but the goal of a truly integrated Europe has remained elusive. The Single European Act, which was ratified in 1987, represents a recommitment to an integrated Europe by 1992. It is premised on a number of changes and reforms. Above all the effectiveness of the new effort will depend on the achievement of social cohesion and supranationalism among the EEC countries.
The Privatization Of Radio Frequency Spectrum: Benefits And Implementation
Authors: Donziger Alan J. , Zech Chalres E.
Published: February 2016

The use of radio frequency spectrum is currently heavily regulated. In this paper, the authors propose a system for the privatization of these rights. This system would define rights to radio frequency spectrum in terms of three variables: time, area and spectrum. T his would not only lead to a more efficient utilization of this resource, but also create a tax base that could serve as a source of federal government revenues.
The Effects Of Non-Monetary Incentives Upon Survey Refusal Tendencies Of The Affluent Consumer Population
Authors: Pharr Steven W. , Stuefen Randall M. , Wilber Molly
Published: February 2016

This study examined the refusal to respond phenomenon in survey research. The effects of various non-monetary incentives upon response rates of upscale consumers were tested. High value probabilistic and low value reward incentives were administered, in conjunction with a control group. Chi Square analysis indicated a significant difference between response rates for the control and probabilistic executions. These results suggest that the high value probabilistic incentive actually decrease response rates in the affluent population.
Statistical and Non-Statistical Samples: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Swearingen James G. , Hansen Don R.
Published: February 2016

There has been a great deal of discussion of the costs and benefits available from statistical sampling but little discussion as to why auditors continue to use nonstatistical sampling. This study presents a simple theoretical model that offers two possible reasons for the continued use of nonstatistical sampling in spite of the strong advocacy that statistical sampling has received over the past several decades.
Business Firm Performance Types And The Strategic Implications
Authors: Chan Peng S. , Flynn E. James , Chinta Ravi
Published: February 2016

This study reports the findings of five different performance types that exist among business firms. These types were: Growing firms, turnabout firms, stagnant firms, turnaround firms, and declining firms. Using multiple discriminant analysis, the strategic differences among the five types were revealed. These strategic differences were captured in three dimensions, namely, asset-acquisition, finance, and differentiation. The key results indicate that growing firms tended to emphasize differentiation; turnabout firms ranked low on almost all dimensions; stagnant firms were high on both asset-acquisition and differentiation; turnaround firms tended to focus on financial strategies, and declining firms placed little emphasis on differentiation. The promising use of multiple discriminant analysis as a tool for taxonomic research in strategic management was highlighted.
Book Review: A Guide To 100 Publishing Opportunities For Business Faculty
Authors: Thornton Phillip W.
Published: February 2016

Book Review: A Guide To 100 Publishing Opportunities For Business Faculty, by Chris A. Betts nad Joseph J. Penbera
Corporate Governance: Shareholder Rights And Firm Performance
Authors: Chugh Lal C. , Meador Joseph W. , Meador Matthew W.
Published: February 2016

In the 21st century, greater attention is being paid to the issue of shareholder rights and corporate governance in U.S. corporations by regulators, shareholders and the general public.  A previous paper by the authors finds that the level of shareholder rights generally has not increased and may have declined amongst the S&P 500 companies, despite the recent legislative and regulatory reforms.  Evidence suggests that instead firms are searching for an optimum level of shareholder rights that balances the risks and rewards of greater shareholder rights.  This study investigates the financial performance of firms with greater shareholder rights (GSR) and contrasts it with that of firms with lower shareholder rights (LSR).  This paper finds that GSR firms may perform better on some financial criteria, in absolute terms, but when adjusted for volatility, LSR firms may perform better, contrary to the conventional wisdom.
Kebijakan Nasional Indonesia dalam Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Santoso Wahyu Yun
Published: February 2016

Sejak pertama kalinya bergulir, isu perubahan iklim atau global warming telah menjadi trend setter tersendiri dalam wacana diskusi multidisipliner, termasuk dalam konteks hukum. Dalam diskursus ilmu hukum sendiri, isu perubahan iklim berkembang dalam sekian aspek pembahasan, terlebih dengan masih adanya banyak perdebatan yang terjadi mengenai penyebab maupun lingkup dampak dari perubahan iklim tersebut. Sebagai sebuah masalah global, tiap negara memiliki karakter tersendiri pada model kebijakannya dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dan bertujuan untuk dapat memaparkan secara garis besar konsep kebijakan nasional Indonesia dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Secara garis besar, Indonesia telah memberikan kontribusi cukup signifikan dalam rezim perubahan iklim, terutama pasca Bali Action Plan 2007.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Osteomyelitis of the Femur in a Patient with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Foran Ian , Kinney Matthew C. , Botte Michael J. , Covey Dana C.
Published: February 2016

Case:

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is an often overlooked cause of orthopaedic-related infections despite a well-accepted association in the literature. We present the case of a forty-seven-year-old man with HHT who developed femoral osteomyelitis and a subsequent pathologic femoral fracture from a rare bacterial species associated with HHT.

Conclusion:

Patients with HHT and extremity pain should be carefully evaluated for orthopaedic infections. If an orthopaedic infection is suspected, fastidious organisms should be considered as a possible etiologic agent. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is helpful when organisms cannot be isolated from traditional culture media.
Fungi in biofilms of a drinking water network: occurrence, diversity and mycotoxins approach
Authors: Hurtado-McCormick S. , Sánchez L. , Martínez J. , Calderón C. , Calvo D. , Narváez D. , Lemus M. , Groot H. , Rodríguez Susa M.
Published: February 2016

Results showed that 75% of the analyzed samples in a drinking water network were positive for fungi, in a range of 1–3,000 CFU/mL. Identification resulted in nine species of fungi and four species of yeasts being listed: Bjerkandera, Penicillium, Paraconiothyrium, Paecilomyces, Debaryomyces, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus. Although yeasts showed higher traceability than filamentous fungi, the fungal genus Penicillium had relevance by both traceability (six species) and its role in mycotoxin generation. From volatile organic compound (VOC) mycotoxins and extracts analysis from P. ochrochloron and P. purpurogenum water–M9 culture, six groups were identified: phenols, alcohols, alkenes, monoterpenes, aldehydes and alkanes, phenols being the predominant group (2,4-bis(1,1-dimethyl)phenol 40–88%). P. ochrochloron water culture and M9 culture reported signals of toxicity: the first one as genotoxic for 0.5 y 1 mg/mL mycotoxin extract and the second one as cytotoxic. M9 media promoted a higher number of compounds in both species and a decrease in phenol predominance in P. ochrochloron but not in P. Purpurogenum. The results showed Penicillium and Debaryomyces as prevalent filamentous fungi and yeast in assessed networks, suggesting that these could be indicators of fungi and yeast presence in drinking water systems.
Study of Lipid Profile in Adult Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Akanda Md Abdul Kader , Ali Zulfikar , Choudhury Kamrun Nahar , Sayami Lima Asrin , Huda Reaz Mahmud , Hossain Shauket , Mohsin Minhazul , Ali Md Asahaque
Published: February 2016

Background: Lipid disorder is a major risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. With increasing urbanization and socioeconomic improvement, changing population dynamics is expected to influence disease pattern with rising trends of non communicable diseases. Thus there is a need to screen healthy adults for their lipid pattern with high population dynamics in Bangladesh. Present study was aimed to find out the distribution of lipid profile in adult population of Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among adults age over 18 years residing in an urban and a rural community. A total of seven hundred sixty eight (768) participants were screened. Data included socioeconomic information, behavioural risk factors, anthropometric measurement and biochemical measurement using a pretested questionnaire.Results: Between the urban and rural participants, the mean total cholesterol level was 175.2±37.5 vs. 149.6±23.8 mg/dl, mean triglyceride was 132.5±35.3 vs. 154.7±34 mg/dl and mean low density lipoprotein was 104.0±34.6 vs.79.7±25.5 (mg/dl), respectively (p-value <0.05). There was an increase in total cholesterol with increasing age (OR = 4.53, 95% CI = 3.55-9.52) and economic status between the areas (p<0.05, OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.89-2.37). Total cholesterol was found to be high among urban participants and triglyceride level was found to be high among rural population (p<0.05). Factors significantly associated with dyslipidemia were blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and food habits (p<0.05).Conclusion: The result will be used for lifestyle intervention program to maintain the normal level of lipid profile and to achieve primary prevention of coronary artery disease and associated non communicable diseases in the entire population.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 128-134
Welcome to the New Journal Biomimetics
Authors: Vazquez Franck
Published: February 2016

Over geological time and through natural selection, living organisms have evolved specific organs, structures and materials to perform specific functions and allow them to survive and thrive in their environment.[...]
Neuropsychological Assessment in Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Scott James G. , Ostermeyer Britta , Shah Asim A.
Published: February 2016

Neuropsychological testing is a method of evaluating neurocognitive disorders that relies on quantitative and clinical data to diagnose and describe the functioning of patients. It uses functional anatomic correlations to evaluate the functional integrity of underlying brain regions and processes. Although yielding lateralization and localization information, the primary benefit of neuropsychological testing is in the quantification of cognitive skills and the discerning of subtle deficits early in the course of neurocognitive disorders. Neuropsychological testing can also distinguish between the contributions of neurologic and emotional functioning in patient symptoms and assist in appropriately directing treatment. This article describes the process of neuropsychological testing in neurocognitive disorders and gives examples of the different skill deficits present in each.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(2):118–126.]