bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Linear Polymethylphenylsiloxane in an Ammonia Medium
Authors: Minyaylo E. O. , Efimov K. V. , Temnikov M. N. , Shchegolikhina O. I. , Anisimov A. A.
Published: December 2024

The experiments on ring-opening polymerization of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane (D3MePh) in liquid ammonia in the presence of initiators such as diphenylsilanediol (Ph2Si(OH)2) and triphenylsilanol (Ph3Si(OH)) were carried out. The effect of the reaction time on the molecular weight characteristics of the resulting polymers was studied.
Siloxane–Ethylene Oxide–Urethane Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Volkov I. O. , Filimonova L. V. , Buzin M. I. , Sinitsyna O. V. , Nikiforova G. G. , Anisimov A. A. , Makarova L. I.
Published: December 2024

Siloxane–ethylene oxide–urethane block copolymers were synthesized by the interaction of oligosiloxane organodiols of the general formula HO(CH2)2OCH2Me2SiO–[SiR2O]n–SiMe2CH2O(CH2)2OH (R = Me, Et) and oligo(ethylene oxide) (OEO) (–CH2CH2O–)m with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The copolymers obtained were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of the bulk composition on the composition and structure of the surface was established.
Investigation of the Surface Activity and Interface Behavior of Hybrid Carbosilane–Cyclosiloxane Dendrimers
Authors: Ignat'eva G. M. , Borisov K. M. , Katarzhnova E. Yu.
Published: December 2024

This work deals with hybrid carbosilane–cyclosiloxane dendrimers featuring variable tension of rings in the outer layer. The presence of a siloxane bond in the shell of these dendrimers, due to its surface activity, allows the formation of monolayers at the interface. The interfacial energies at a water–hexane interface, measured by the spinning drop method, indicate change in the mechanism of emulsion stabilization with an increase in the generation number of the dendrimers explored.
Synthesis and Properties of Polysiloxane Copolymers with Urea Fragments for 3D Printing
Authors: Olenich E. A. , Gorodov V. V. , Kostrov S. A. , Zou J. , Kramarenko E. Yu.
Published: December 2024

3D printing by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method has become widespread nowadays. Soft materials, which are suitable for FDM printing, can be utilized to print soft robots capable of deformation under various stimuli (such as magnetic, electric fields, or light). In this study, a polysiloxane copolymer with urea fragments with sufficient softness was synthesized and filaments based on it were produced for 3D printing.
Developing RME-based Mathematics Textbook to Improve Students’ Numeracy Skills and Learning Motivation
Authors: Siregar Latifah , Asmin Asmin , Arnita Arnita
Published: December 2024

Referring to PISA 2015 and 2018 data, Indonesian students' mathematics skills, especially numeracy skills, are lower than the global average score. One effort that can be made to improve students' numeracy skills and learning motivation is the development of mathematics textbook based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) with relevant contexts that students can imagine. So, this study aims to develop RME-based mathematics textbook to improve students' numeracy skills and learning motivation using the context of Nai Marbittang, one of the popular folklores in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The researchers used the ADDIE development model to develop textbook while assessing its validity through expert validation sheets, practicality through questionnaires, and effectiveness through motivation questionnaires and numeracy tests. Through this study, the products developed were proven to be valid, practical, and effective in improving students' numeracy skills and learning motivation so it can be used more widely, especially on the Pythagorean theorem topic. Other researchers can also utilize folklores on various mathematics topics to improve students' numeracy and learning motivation.
Unveiling Students' Refractive Thinking Process Who Use a Single Strategy in Decision Making
Authors: Prayitno Anton , Widayanti Febi Dwi
Published: December 2024

The thinking process characterized by reflective thinking towards critical thinking to produce a decision is called the refractive thinking process. However, how the refractive thinking process occurs in the subject needs to be revealed. This study aims to reveal the refractive thinking process in subjects who use a single strategy in decision making. This study is a qualitative approach involving 25 mathematics education students from two universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Each student was given a test on the problem of ordering cities based on the level of dependence on the central government from lowest to highest. The decision to order cities was based on local revenues data that varied between cities and unstable from year to year. In this study, the researcher only analyzed the refractive thinking process of one subject who used a single strategy in decision making. The subject was asked to think aloud. The results showed that students who carried out the refractive thinking process with a single strategy only needed one alternative solution to make a decision, namely by summing up the contributions of each city per year. The subject only identified the comparison of the amount and increase in the contribution of each city as a consideration for making a decision.
Utilizing the Context of Batik Parang Teja in Developing Teaching Materials Supported by Desmos Classroom on Translation and Reflection Topic
Authors: Yulianingrum Margareta Elvina , Putra Aloisius Fieri Dharma , Nugraha Adhi Surya
Published: December 2024

Integrating the culture around students environtment into mathematics learning can make learning more innovative, interesting, contextual and meaningful. This research aims to develop translation and reflection teaching materials assisted by Desmos Classroom by utilizing the Batik Parang Teja context. Teaching materials were developed using the ADDIE development model. The research stages include conducting literature review, designing teaching materials, improving its quality based on expert input, applying teaching materials in classroom, and evaluating the quality of the teaching materials developed. The data of the product quality are collected through validation sheets by experts. Based on experts judgement, the Desmos Classroom-assisted teaching materials developed being suitable for use in mathematics learning, especially translation and reflection topic.
Students' Skills in Solving Mathematics Open-Ended Problems Based on Cognitive Style Backgrounds
Authors: Ulya Putri Syarifatul , Setyaningsih Nining
Published: December 2024

Differences in students' cognitive styles cause differences in accepting and managing learning and connecting experiences into learning. Differences in students' cognitive styles also cause differences in mathematical problem-solving skills. This research aims to describe students' skills in solving mathematics open-ended problems in terms of differences in cognitive styles, namely Field Independent (FI) and Field Dependent (FD). This research is descriptive qualitative research that involved four eight-grade students at a private junior high school in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia as subjects who were selected based on differences in cognitive styles. Cognitive style data was collected through a cognitive style questionnaire while students' mathematical problem-solving skills were revealed through tests and interviews. The data was analyzed to identify the fulfillment of indicators of mathematical problem-solving skills according to Polya, which include understanding the problems, preparing plans, implementing plans, and looking back. The results showed that field independent subjects had better mathematical problem solving abilities than field dependent subjects. Field independent subjects fulfill all indicators of mathematical problem-solving skills, while field dependent subjects only fulfill indicators of understanding the problems. This research can be used as a reference in designing learning strategies that suit all students' cognitive styles to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills.
Do Economic Surprises Affect Stock Returns? The Role of Sentiment
Authors: Mishal Ahmed  , Matthew L. Higgins
Published: December 2024

We test whether the effect of macroeconomic surprises on stock returns is impacted by positive or negative investor sentiment, proxied by daily sentiment by Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. We employ an event study methodology with separate regressions for six real economic indicators: GDP, industrial production, unemployment, retail sales, durable goods, and continuing jobless claims. We regress the daily stock returns for release dates of macroeconomic indicators on macroeconomic surprises. We test whether a bullish or bearish view about the stock market affects the portfolio choices of investors in response to unexpected macroeconomic news. We find evidence of an asymmetric effect of investor sentiment on the relation between macroeconomic surprises and stock returns.
A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO OPTIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Idisi Benjamin E. , Ogumeyo S. A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the optimization of environmental resource management in urban settings using a linear programming approach, focusing on ammonia production and wastewater management. The model addresses uncertainties in resource allocation by evaluating the cost implications of wastewater discharge during production. Key variables include water drawn from rivers, sludge discharge, and energy consumption. The study explores scenarios where zero-discharge policies are implemented, resulting in reduced water usage but increased energy consumption and higher production costs. The methodology employed linear programming to minimize the cost of ammonia production while ensuring water quality through regulated waste disposal. The findings indicate that minimizing river impurities through controlled waste discharge reduces water usage but escalates energy consumption, complicating cost management. Results from the numerical example show that under optimal conditions, 6,666.7 liters of water and 555.6 kg of sludge are needed to produce 41,666.7 kg of ammonia, with zero energy consumption in the process. The significance of these results lies in their potential to inform sustainable urban resource management policies that balance economic and environmental priorities. The study concludes that while achieving high water quality increases costs, it is crucial for sustainable ammonia production and environmental conservation, particularly in minimizing the ecological impact of industrial activities on water resources.
LINEAR-THETA METHOD FOR THE DISCRETIZATION AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FIRST ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MULTIPLE RETARDATIONS
Authors: Dawodu Kazeem Adebowale , Obarhua F. O.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a special case of proximal point algorithm for solving linear programming problem (LPP). This method, also known as the Alternating Direction Method of multipliers (ADMM), was deployed because of its strong convergence properties of the method of multipliers, the decomposability property of dual ascent and the potential to solve large- scale structured optimization problems. The update formulas for the LPP were derived from the associated augmented Lagrangian with the primal and dual residuals also derived for the convergence of the algorithm. The Game theory was re-structured into a LPP amenable to the ADMM. Prisoner’s Dilemma in Game theory was tested with the ADMM provided the matrix operator is invertible to guarantee its convergence. Other Numerical examples were also tested and it was discovered that the developed algorithm performs faster than the conventional simplex method.
GLOBAL CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF A MODIFIED CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Alilu Omachi Eleojo , Ibrahim Abdullahi , Usman Sani
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the global convergence analysis of a modified conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems was considered. We proposed a modified conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems that incorporates an adaptive step size selection scheme. We analyze the method’s global convergence properties theoretically, demonstrating that it satisfies the sufficient descent and global convergence conditions under various assumptions. And we provide numerical experiments to illustrate its effectiveness and efficiency in solving unconstrained optimization problems. We also compare the numerical performance of the proposed method against three existing methods namely, FR, HS and PR using MATLAB simulations. The proposed method was found to perform better than FR and HS, and in competition with PR with respect to computation time, number of iteration and function evaluation.
Description as an Act of Othering
Authors: May-Kosiewski Alison
Published: December 2024

Descriptive practices throughout Canadian archives have portrayed Indigenous societies and their members as romanticized, exotic “others” or as an uncivilized race in need of being saved from themselves. The policies, acts, and programs of governments across Canada have resulted in profoundly harmful and long- lasting impacts on Indigenous peoples. This article seeks to further understand these impacts by examining two different historical photo albums in the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds held by Library and Archives Canada. Photographs are often considered connections to the past and memories of things or places that no longer exist. But what happens to those ideas when the photographs are taken not for the subject of the image, but for an institution that seeks to enshrine a particular set of ideals in order to substantiate settler actions? Photographs are not neutral objects. The subjects within the studied photographs remained either unnamed or were described using pejorative language and ethnographic “types.” Photographs act as a physical reminder of the colonial policies and interventions enacted by the settler-colonial Canadian government at both the federal and provincial levels.
A review of radial kernel methods for the resolution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Cavoretto Roberto , De Rossi Alessandra , Mezzanotte Domenico
Published: December 2024

The paper presents an overview of the existing literature concerning radial kernel meshfree methods for the numerical treatment of second-kind Fredholm integral equations. More in detail, it briefly recalls radial basis function (RBF) interpolation and cubature rules to properly describe numerical methods for two-dimensional linear Fredholm equations. The RBF approach allows us to consider the case when the involved functions are not known analytically, but only as vectors of scattered data samples. The described methods do not require any background mesh and, hence, are also independent on the geometry of the domain.
Hadamard matrices of genetic code and trigonometric functions
Authors: He Matthew , Petoukhov Sergey
Published: December 2024

Algebraic theory of coding is one of the modern fields of applications of algebra. Genetic matrices and algebraic biology have been the latest advances in further understanding of the patterns and rules of genetic code. Genetics code is encoded in combinations of the four nucleotides (A, C, G, T) found in DNA and then RNA. DNA defines the structure and function of an organism and contains complete genetic information. DNA paired bases of (A, C, G, T) form a geometric curve of double helix, define the 64 standard genetic triplets, and further degenerate 64 genetic codons into 20 amino acids. In trigonometry, four basic trigonometric functions (sin x, tan x, cos x, cot x) provided bases for Fourier analysis to encode signal information. In this paper, we use these 4 paired bases of trigonometric functions (sin x, tan x, cos x, and cot x) to generate 64 trigonometric triplets similar to 64 standard genetic code, further exam these 64 trigonometric functions and obtained 20 trigonometric triplets similar to 20 amino acids. This parallel shows a similarity connection between universal genetic codes and the universality of trigonometric functions. This connection may provide a bridge to further uncover patterns of genetic code. This demonstrates that matrix algebra is one of promising instruments and of adequate languages in bioinformatics and algebraic biology.
Completeness theorems related to BVPs satisfying the Lopatinskii condition for higher order elliptic equations
Authors: Cialdea Alberto , Lanzara Flavia
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider a linear elliptic operator $E$ with real constant coefficients of order $2m$ in two independent variables without lower order terms. For this equation, we consider linear BVPs in which the boundary operators $T_1,\ldots,T_m$ are of order $m$ and satisfy the Lopatinskii-Shapiro condition with respect to $E$. We prove boundary completeness properties for the system $\{(T_1\omega_k,\ldots, T_m\omega_k)\}$, where $\{\omega_k\}$ is a system of polynomial solutions of the equation $Eu=0$.
Dilema in Managing Children Born with Antenatally Detected Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO)
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur
Published: December 2024

Now-a-Days, attitudes of paediatric urologists have been changed from surgical to observational regarding definite management of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), because many cases of UPJO goes away on its own before baby is born. In the last decade, this type of management trend has become progressively increased despite the lack of precise predictors of outcome. But these patients should be brought into regular follow-up by physical examinations, ultrasonography and nuclear imaging to observe resolution events. In some clinical scenario surgical intervention is inevitable such as solitary kidney or child with infection. Now-a-days, it is a good practice by the modern pediatric urologists frequently consults with the guardians about advantage and disadvantage of observational and surgical management of antenatally detected hydronephrosis due to UPJO of their babies and their future outcome. As a result guardians feel comfortable in decision making.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2022; Vol 47 (2) : 54-58
Modified Sick Neonatal Score: A Modified Score to Evaluate the Burden of Neonatal Morbidity in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jahan Mosammad Alpana , Hossain Md Arif , Begum Fatema , Shuma Afroza Islam , Jahan Ismat , Mannan M A , Dey Sanjoy Kumer
Published: December 2024

Background: To assess neonatal mortality, many validated scores have been developed. The modified sick neonatal score (MSNS) is an easy, less complex suitable for both term and preterm neonates. This study was conducted to predict mortality upon admission to a NICU using the MSNS score.
Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, over a period of one year. Parameters for MSNS score were collected from data sheet. Outcome expressed as survived or expired. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20. To determine the cutoff value for predicting mortality, a receiver operating curve was generated. The cutoff score’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated.
Results: Among the enrolled 114 neonates, mean gestational age and mean birth weight were 34.22±3.10 weeks and 1967.87±752.33g respectively. About 75.4% neonates were <2500 grams and 70.2% of babies were preterm. During the study period, two third (69.3%) baby survived. The mean MSNS among survived neonate was 11.77± 2.29 and in expired neonates was 9.66±2.32 which was statistically significant (p-<0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0.740 (95% CI: 0.645-
0.835). The optimal cutoff value obtained to predict mortality was 11.50. With this cutoff score the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 58%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 46% and 87% respectively.
Conclusions: MSNS tools can be used to predict early mortality with early referrals and prompt treatment to reduce neonatal mortality.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 72-77
Study on Clinical Features, Detection of Risk Factors and Causes of Anaemia in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Nibedita , Islam Md Rafiqul , Nusrat Nadia
Published: December 2024

Background: Anaemia is a common childhood health problem. Among the causes of anaemia besides the nutritional anaemia congenital hemoglobin disorder such as thalassemia and haemoglobinopathies has a great role which can be combated by increasing awareness in the population. Objective: To detect clinical features, common causes, risk factors of childhood anaemia and to make awareness among the population to prevent the deadly effects of anaemia in children as well as in the society. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out at outpatient department of Delta Medical College and Hospital over a period of 3 years. Children aged between 6 months to eighteen years who visited outdoor for acute illness and were clinically pale and CBC supporting the condition were included. Children with malignancy and haemorrhagic diseases were excluded from the study. Total 200 cases were collected. Results: Among 200 cases 62.5% were male. Most vulnerable age group was 6 months to 2 years (63%). Most common cause of anaemia was iron deficiency anaemia (64.5%). Congenital haemoglobin disorder was the second most common cause (28%). Among haemoglobinopathies Hb E trait contributes (82.35%). Most common presentation of anaemic children was frequent attack of RTI. Low protein diet was the most common risk factor for iron deficiency anaemia. Under five years, males were more affected but thereafter females were more affected than male children. Among 200 cases only 32(15%) cases were malnourished. Most of the cases were term baby. Among inherited cases only one care giver had knowledge about thalassemia. Most cases came from lower middle class family (65%). Most common morphologic variant of anaemia was microcytic hypochromic anaemia (99%). RBC count was normal in iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusion: Besides iron deficiency anaemia, haemoglobinopathies and thalassemia have a great contribution in childhood anaemia. Family education, increased awareness, screening out of thalassemia and haemoglobinopathies carrier can combat this heath problem in children and can reduce social burden.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 89-94
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Liver Dysfunction in Children with Covid 19 Infection
Authors: Afsana Yasmin  , Sultana Sabina , Hossain Md Istiaque , Hassan Quamrul , Iqbal Md Abu , Zabin Fahmida , Farooq Nusrat , Bhuiyan Sarwar Jahan , Luna Sharmin
Published: December 2024

Background: Although, the primary organ of involvement are lungs in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is being increasingly reported in the emerging data from various centers across the world. Objective: To observe the gastrointestinal symptoms and liver dysfunctions in children with Covid 19 infection. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in children with Covid 19 RT PCR positive, aged between 0 and 15 years admitted from March 2020 to March 2022. Data of 103 consecutive children were collected retrospectively. We analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 101 children after exclusion 2 children as associated acute HAV infection and liver cirrhosis using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 29. Results: A total of 101 children with Covid 19 were analyzed in this study. Of these 101 children, 61 were male. The mean age was 5.4 years (SD 4.9). 44 children had gastrointestinal presentation in the form of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. Most common gastrointestinal presentation were nausea and vomiting (34.7%), then diarrhea (21.8%), abdominal pain (15.8%), hepatosplenomegaly (3%), ascites and jaundice 1% in each respectively. Total 17(16.8%) patients presented with gastrointestinal manifestations without any respiratory symptoms or any other coinfections including 10 acute gastroenteritis, 4 acute gastritis, 2 dysenteries (bloody stool) with stool culture negative and 1 intussusception. Liver dysfunctions were found in 16(15.8%) patients in the form of raised ALT (16) or AST (4) or low albumin (10). All 10 children with low albumin had MIS-C. None of them developed liver failure. There was statistically no significant difference between covid 19 children with GI symptoms and without GI symptoms clinically and biochemically except longer hospital stays more frequent in GI symptoms group (p=0.03). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms may be a presenting clinical feature even without any respiratory symptoms in Covid 19 children. Liver dysfunction is uncommon in children with mild Covid 19 infections. If liver dysfunction is found, we think that it may progress to more severe infection like MIS-C or associated with co infection.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 84-88
Onychomadesis and Beau’s Lines- Rare Complications of Hand- foot-and-mouth Disease
Authors: Tabassum Nabila , Mollah Md Abid Hossain
Published: December 2024

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common self-limiting viral infection in children caused by Coxsackievirus A16 and human enterovirus 71, presenting with fever, erythematous papulovesicular eruptions/ blisters on the palms, soles, knees, buttocks, and oral mucosa. Although rare, complications may arise in nails e. g. onychomadesis (nail separation) and Beau’s lines (transverse lines on the nails). These typically appear within four to eight weeks of HFMD and persist for around 5-6 weeks. No active treatment is required and these nail changes resolve spontaneously within few weeks as the nail bed remain intact. We present here a boy of 4 years who presented with such nail changes after around 5 weeks of HFM disease and diagnosed as onychomadesis and Beau’s lines after ruling out other possible causes of nail changes.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 109-112
Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: Two Case Reports
Authors: Barua Paramita , Fatema Kanij , Akhter Shaheen , Islam Kazi Ashraful , Ahmed Sanjida
Published: December 2024

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by progressive, neurodegenerative course. NCLs are classified into four subtypes according to age of onset. Among them, late infantile variety is the second most common condition. Patients typically manifest with seizures, cognitive, motor deterioration and vision loss. Here, we reports two cases of NCLs, because of rarity of this disease in such a young age. As the disease advanced, patients experienced repeated episodes of seizures, ataxia, gradual deterioration of vision and loss of ambulation and speech. The electroencephalogram showed focal epileptiform discharges over left central and parietal region. Magnetic resonance imaging of Brain revealed extensive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. A skin biopsy extracted from the armpit area displayed periodic acid-schiff (PAS) stained eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (curvilinear like). These findings are compatible with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic testing for NCL is the gold standard investigation but patient can also be diagnosed by clinical correlation and positive histopathology findings in low income countries.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 113-116
Transfusion-dependent b-Thalassemia Major Bangladeshi Child Treated Successfully with Combination of Hydroxyurea and Low- Dose Thalidomide : A Case Report
Authors: Karim Md Anwarul , Akhter Sharmin , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub
Published: December 2024

Beta thalassemia results from absent or reduced production of beta globin gene leading to excess of alpha chain which causes ineffective erythropoiesis and marked anemia. b-thalassemia major patients usually present early within 2 years of life mostly in 2nd six months of first year of life. Only curative treatment till date is bone marrow transplantation. However, it is not feasible for all because of rarity of matched donar and obviously for its high cost and unavailability of services particularly in a developing country like Bangladesh. Hence regular blood transfusion remain the ultimate choice of their survival, growth and development with the cost of iron overload in the resource constraints country like ours. Recently HbF inducing drugs are showing promising result in the management of thalassemia children by inducing fetal hemoglobin. However, data are scarse from Bangladesh.Here we are reporting a case of betathalassemia who was diagnosed at 18 months of age and treated with only blood transfusion upto 2 years then hydroxyurea was given for 12 months with no response and then she was kept on regular blood transfusion with iron chelation up to 6 years with regression splenic size to normal and to maintain normal growth and development. After then she was given hydronix plus thalidomide in combination and responded well and remained transfusion free for last 3 years.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 117-120
Approach to a Child with Cow’s Milk Allergy
Authors: Rukunuzzaman Md , Khan Lamia Nahid  , Rubaiyet Alam  , Fahmida Begum  , Md Atiar Rahman  , Md Wahiduzzaman Mazumder  , Nadira Musabbir
Published: December 2024

Cow’s milk allergy is a common problem in childhood that needs frequent visits to a pediatrician. The objective of this review is to provide the general pediatrician with an overview of cow’s milk allergy in children discussing the etiology, patient evaluation, and management. This review provides an approach to a child with cow’s milk allergy based on the best available evidence from electronic literature searches. Cow’s milk allergy may be IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed. IgE-mediated reactions occur immediately after ingestion of milk. Skin manifestations like erythema, hives, pruritus, angioedema, and flaring of eczematous lesions are common manifestations of IgEmediated food allergy. Non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergies are proctocolitis, enterocolitis, enteropathy, and contact dermatitis. Cow’s milk-induced allergic proctocolitis is the common cause of rectal bleeding from 1 day to 6 months of age. The key to the diagnosis of food allergy depends on obtaining a good history and physical examination. Quantitative measurements of serum cow’s milk specific IgE and skin prick test are useful tests. Strict avoidance of the offending food is the mainstay of management.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 59-64
Association of Laboratory and Imaging Parameters in Different Types of Pancreatitis in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Sayeed Maimuna , Shahrear Rayhan , Akter Sharmin , Subhan Nahid E , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: December 2024

Background: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, which might extend to local and distant extra-pancreatic tissues. It can be acute, acute recurrent or may be chronic. The diagnosis of different types of pancreatitis is based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory investigations and imaging techniques. Objective: To describe and find out the association of the laboratory and imaging profiles of different variety of pancreatitis in children. Methods: It was a an observational study conducted at the department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from July 2018 through June 2020. A total of 48 cases were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis was based on diagnostic criteria made by INSPPIRE group. Clinical characteristics, hematological, biochemical and imaging profile of the different variety of pancreatitis and their hospital outcome were observed. Result: Among 48 cases, acute recurrent pancreatitis were 56.3%. Mean age of the patients at presentation was 10.3 years. Laboratory tests showed serum calcium and C-reactive protein was significantly altered among acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis with characteristic imaging findings. Among imaging modalities, abdominal ultrasonogram showed swollen pancreas (58.3%) was significantly common in acute recurrent pancreatitis than chronic pancreatitis, whereas shrunken pancreas (28%) was significantly common findings in chronic pancreatitis. In addition to ultrasonogram, MRCP aided diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Complications developed in 25% of acute pancreatitis cases, which included hypocalcemia (58.3%), ascites (86.7%), pleural effusion (66.7%), pseudocyst (33.3%) and pancreatic necrosis (25%). Hospital stay was significantly prolonged in acute pancreatitis cases, when compared to other types of pancreatitis . Conclusion: Low calcium level and high CRP level were found in acute pancreatitis than in acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Swollen pancreas with beaded and tortuous pancreatic ducts were found in case of chronic pancreatitis.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 95-102
A Study of 67 Cases with Disorders of Sex Development: An Experience of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mahbuba Sharmin , Begum S
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Disorder of sex development (DSD) is defined as a condition where the development of gonadal, chromosomal or anatomic sex is atypical. Objective: To study the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) and classify them. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in BSMMU from 1st May 2016 to 31st December 2021 including all patients diagnosed with DSD. Data were obtained by reviewing the medical records of the patients. Results: A total 67 patients were diagnosed as DSD. Among them 30 patients (44.8%) had 46,XX DSD, 22 patients (32.8%) had 46,XY DSD, 13 patients (19.4%) had sex chromosome DSD and 2 patients (2.9%) had ovotesticular DSD. Majority (60%) of the patients with 46,XX DSD were diagnosed as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) followed by adrenal tumor (16.7%) and patients with partial trisomy of chromosome 9q (16.7%). Among 22 patients with 46,XY DSD, eight patients (36.3%) had androgen biosynthetic defect, 6 cases (27.2%) were under virilized CAH and 2 patients (9%) had androgen insensitivity syndrome. Majority of sex chromosome DSD were turner syndrome (69.2%). Only 2 patient had mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Thirteen percent of the children with 46, XX DSD were reared as male and 27% of the 46, XY DSD cases were reared as female. Conclusion: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause of DSD. Majority of 46 XY, DSD is due to androgen bio synthetic defect while CAH is the most common cause of 46XX, DSD. Rare chromosomal disorders are also found among DSD cases.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 103-108
Abstract from Current Literatures Vol. 47(2)
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 121-122
News Vol. 47(2)
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 123
World Teachers’ Day 2024
Authors: Majumder Md Mahabubul Islam
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 3
Expression of Ki-67 and p63 in Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mazharul , Ali Jinnah Mohammed Shahed , Karim Saiyeda Sinthia , Afroze Farzana , Khatun Julekha , Islam Mohammad Ariful
Published: December 2024

Background: For urinary bladder carcinoma, a specific tumor marker to distinguish the progression of disease is very much needful to ensure early diagnosis and prevent further morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 and p63 in patients with carcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Pathology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital for one year of period following approval of this protocol. A total 36 cases of urinary bladder carcinoma who underwent surgical intervention were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was ensured from each of the participants. Data collection was done through a structured questionnaire. After collection of all the required data, analysis was done by SPSS 23.0. Results: Mean age of the patients was 56.94±13.46 (SD) years with clear male dominance (88.90% VS 11.10%). High grade tumor was observed in 80.6% of patients and low grade tumor in 19.4% of patients. Higher stage of muscle involvement was observed statistically in high grade tumor. Mean Ki-67 was statistically higher in patients with high grade tumour. But mean p63 was statistically similar in both high and low grade tumors. Conclusion: This study observed significant relation between Ki-67 and tumour grade in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 17-22
Assessing Quality of Life, Menopausal Symptoms, and Coping Strategies among Menopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cumilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Mili Jasrin Akter , Munny Mashuma , Rahman Dilara , Mazumder Nazma , Nasreen SK Zinnat Ara
Published: December 2024

Background: Menopause is a natural biological transition that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life due to associated physiological, psychological, and social changes. In Bangladesh, there is a lack of awareness and understanding about menopause and its health implications. This study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life, prevalence of menopausal symptoms, coping mechanisms, and associated socio-demographic factors among menopausal women in the South Sadar region of Cumilla, Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted at the Central Medical College & Hospital in Cumilla from October 2023 to March 2024. The sample included 400 women aged 40-59 years who had experienced natural menopause at least one year prior. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) for assessing quality of life and symptom severity, and a coping mechanisms checklist. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis. Results: This community-based study included 400 postmenopausal women aged between 40-59 years (mean 53.51 ± 3.43 years). The prevalence of menopausal symptoms based on the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) was high, with 75.5% experiencing somatic symptoms, 69.8% psychological symptoms, and 49.3% urogenital symptoms. The most common symptoms were joint/muscular discomfort (60.3%), anxiety (50.8%), and bladder problems (35.3%). The mean total MRS score of 9.5 ± 5.3 indicated a moderate-to-severe symptom burden. A staggering 70.25% of women had poor quality of life related to menopausal symptoms. Factors significantly associated with poor quality of life included rural residence (p=0.014), lower education (p<0.001), being a housewife or laborer (p=0.003), divorced/separated/widowed status (p=0.031), marriage before age 20 (p=0.009), lack of physical activity (p=0.018), and presence of chronic health problems (p=0.021). Commonly adopted coping strategies were dietary modifications (11.25%), physical activity (10%), yoga/meditation (6.25%), and Ayurvedic/herbal remedies (5%). However, 32.5% did not use any specific coping mechanism. The findings highlight the high burden of menopausal symptoms, suboptimal quality of life, and the influence of socioeconomic disadvantages on menopausal health in this population. Conclusion: The findings provide insights into the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, coping strategies, and the impact on health-related quality of life among postmenopausal women in South Sadar, Cumilla.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 23-34
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Community Isolates of Urinary Tract Infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Saieda , Islam K M Shahidul , Barai Lovely , Mitu Md Zabed Ahmed , Rahman Tania , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: December 2024

Background: Overuses and injudicious uses of maximum antibiotics that have been prescribed empirically in community acquired UTI are being the prime cause of increasing resistance pattern among uropathogens in Bangladesh. There are minimum reports on antimicrobial resistance pattern among uropathogens in different regions of Bangladesh. No reports have been carried out to determine the response of uropathogens to fosfomycin yet in our country. So, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of uropathogens causing UTI in community and to determine the increasing resistance pattern among them with special emphasis on their ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin resistance status. Methodology: Identification of isolated bacteria was performed from collected 187 culture positive cases. Their antimicrobial resistance pattern was determined by Kriby- Bauer modified disc diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentration test of ciprofloxacin was performed among the ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria by agar dilution method. Result: The study demonstrated a higher prevalence of UTI in female (70.1%) than in male (29.9%). The most common isolated bacteria was E. coli (80.2%) followed by Klebsiellaspp. Higher resistance rate of 171 Enterobacteriaceae to ampicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporins was observed 71.9% and 49.1%-59.7% respectively in all 6 districts of Bangladesh. Ciprofloxacin resistance has been found higher 43.9% and 50%among Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. More than 50% of ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria had MIC 64ug/ml. All the strains of Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to fosfomycin except 20% Klebsiella. Conclusion: Rising antimicrobial resistance pattern among uropathogens in different districts provide physicians an important information to make a discreet choice of antibiotics in empiric therapy of community acquired UTI in Bangladesh to reduce further evolution of multidrug resistant organisms.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 38-46
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Anxiolytic and Cytotoxic Potential of the Leaves and Stem of Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth.
Authors: Didari Sayeda Saima , Maria Nazratun Noor , Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Jannat Sarah Waddun , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: December 2024

This research investigated the qualitative screening of phytochemicals, anxiolytic and cytotoxic potentials of crude methanol extracts of the leaves (MEL) and stem (MES) of Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth is a new variant of sweet basil herb. For the solvent extraction process, methanol was selected due to its ability to solubilize both polar and non-polar plant constituents. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by using the established methods. The anxiolytic activity was assessed on Swiss albino mice using the hole board apparatus, and cytotoxicity was measured using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The current results showed that MEL and MES contained several active secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenes, and resins. MEL (200, 400 mg/kg) and MES (400 mg/kg) were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) effective anxiolytic agents as compared to the negative control group. In the case of cytotoxicity activity, MEL showed an LC50 value of 244.45 µg/ml (standard 0.16 µg/ml), indicating cytotoxic potential compared to the negative control. Thus, the findings revealed that MEL and MES were excellent anxiolytic agents with a moderate cytotoxic potential.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 27-34, 2024
Study on Microbial and Ecophysiological Indices of Tea Soils in Chattogram and Khagrachari Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Sanjida , Das Shuva , Roy Sajal , Chowdhury Nasrin
Published: December 2024

The evaluation of soil microbial and ecophysiological properties is highly significant to maintain soil health and sustainable production of crops.  Thus, this research was carried out to observe the status of different microbial and ecophysiological indices of tea soils belonging to Oodaleah tea garden (OTG) and Tin Tohori tea garden (TTTG) located in Chattogram and Khagrachari districts of Bangladesh. A total number of thirty seven and twenty four surface soil (0-9 cm) samples were collected from OTG and TTTG, respectively. The areas of both the tea gardens are mostly covered by low hill ranges to terraces. Irrespective of the sampling sites, the mean values of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial activity (MA), substrate induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient (qMic) and mineralization quotient (qM) were found to be 3.73%, 6.25%, 2.15%, 26.19% and 20.0% higher, while metabolic quotient (qCO2) was 7.69% lower in TTTG compared to OTG. The findings of this study clearly showed the highest microbial responses at toeslope except MA in TTTG. As for OTG, the MA and qM at toeslope significantly differed (p<0.05) from the values found at summit. However, all the microbial and ecophysiological indices did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the three different slopes for TTTG.  All the microbial indices were positively correlated, while a significant (p<0.01) negative correlation was found between MBC and qCO2 both for OTG and TTTG. Besides, the correlation between qCO2 and qMic was also found negative and significant (p<0.05) both for OTG and TTTG.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 45-55, 2024
Perceived Parental Affection, Supervision and Social Media Addiction of Chittagong University Students
Authors: Rashid Umme Kulsuma , Rahman Abdur , Sultana Mst Sabiha , Hridoy Afjal Hossain
Published: December 2024

Parenting behaviors like parental affection and supervision greatly determine different developmental outcomes of a person. Inadequate parenting behavior can lead to different behavioral problems, even various forms of addictions such as social media addiction in young adults like university students. The present study attempted to investigate the relation of social media addiction with parental affection and supervision of university students according to their gender and family type. The sample of the study was purposively selected 300 students from Chittagong University. The family relation scale and the Bangla version of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools. The collected data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test, Pearson product moment correlation and regression analysis. Male participants perceived significantly more affection and supervision than female participants. Participants from nuclear family had significantly more social media addiction than extended family. Social media addiction was found significantly negatively correlated with both parental affection and supervision. Parental affection significantly predicted social media addiction. The findings of the study may contribute to reduce social media addiction of our university students by highlighting the need for proper parental affection and supervision.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 72-82, 2024