bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Формирование и исследование плазменного градиентного покрытия с верхним слоем оксида гафния
Authors: Савушкина Светлана Вячеславовна , Полянский Михаил Николаевич , Высотина Елена Александровна , Ашмарин Артем Александрович
Published: October 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью увеличения рабочей температуры и термоциклической стойкости теплозащитного покрытия для защиты от перегрева теплонапряженных узлов авиационной, ракетной техники, а также для теплоизоляции секторов-герметизаторов буровых коронок для бурения скважин в горных породах. Цель исследования: формирование методом плазменного напыления в вакууме наноструктурного градиентного покрытия с верхним слоем оксида гафния, имеющего плавное изменение химического состава и коэффициента теплового расширения. Объекты: трехслойные покрытия и градиентные наноструктурные покрытия с верхним слоем оксида гафния. Оксид гафния является привлекательным керамическим компонентом теплозащитного покрытия благодаря высокой химической, механической стабильности и его повышенным температурам фазовых переходов. Методы: растровая электронная микроскопия, рентгеновский микроанализ, рентгеновская дифракция и термический анализ. Результаты. Получены трехслойные наноструктурные покрытия толщиной до 120 мкм, содержащие слои NiC o C r AlY, ZrO 2 - 7 % Y 2 O 3 и HfO 2 - 9 % Y 2 O 3 , и градиентные наноструктурные покрытия NiCoCrAlY - (ZrO 2 - 7 % Y 2 O 3 +NiCoCrAlY) - ZrO 2 -7 %Y 2 O 3 - (ZrO 2 -7 %Y 2 O 3 +HfO 2 -9 %Y 2 O 3 ) - HfO 2 9 %Y 2 O 3 . Показано, что в трехслойном покрытии на границе слоев ZrO 2 -7 %Y 2 O 3 и HfO 2 -9 %Y 2 O 3 формируется слой смешения толщиной ~5 мкм, характеризующий средний размер микрочастиц в покрытии. Для градиентных покрытий керамический слой однородный и представляет собой целостную структуру. Слой оксида гафния характеризуется кубической модификацией, слой ZrO 2 -7 %Y 2 O 3 +HfO 2 -9 %Y 2 O 3 -псевдокубической модификацией, а ZrO 2 -7 %Y 2 O 3 - преимущественно тетрагональной фазой. Термический анализ верхнего слоя оксида гафния показал наличие экзотермической реакции в диапазоне температур 1300…1600 °С, сопровождающейся потерей массы в 2 %, что может быть связано с частичным выходом стабилизирующего оксида из кристаллической решетки оксида гафния, его перераспределением, уменьшением дефектности и внутренних напряжений в покрытии. Рентгеновская дифрактометрия показала сохранение кубической структуры оксида гафния после термического анализа при уменьшении параметра кристаллической решетки а.
Исследование процесса струйного размыва донных отложений в нефтяных резервуарах
Authors: Бутов Владимир Григорьевич , Никульчиков Андрей Викторович , Никульчиков Виктор Кенсоринович , Солоненков Виктор Александрович , Ящук Алексей Александрович
Published: October 2019

Актуальность. При эксплуатации нефтяных резервуаров часто возникает проблема отложения твердых частиц и тяжелых парафинистых осадков на днище резервуара. Выпадение данных осадков влечет за собой уменьшение полезного объема резервуара, препятствует свободному перемешиванию слоев нефти, что в свою очередь способствует концентрации агрессивных растворов солей в районе днища и развитию коррозионных разрушений нефтяных резервуаров. Для предотвращения подобных ситуаций предусмотрен комплекс мер (например, ручная и механизированная очистка резервуаров с использованием горячей воды и химических реагентов), однако существенный интерес представляют устройства, препятствующие выпадению донных осадков без остановки эксплуатации резервуара, например, винтовые устройства, размывающие донные отложения с помощью турбулентной струи. Цель исследования: расчет гидродинамических характеристик турбулентной затопленной струи в резервуаре при различных температурах нефти; определение реологических параметров нефти, при которых возможно размытие донных отложений в резервуаре. Объекты исследования: конструкция винтового устройства размыва донных отложений в резервуарах с нефтью, влияние основных режимных и конструктивных характеристик винта устройства на параметры турбулентной струи, моделирование процесса гидродинамического течения нефти в замкнутом объеме резервуара. Методы: метод конечных объемов с использованием ANSYS CFX. В результате расчетов конструкций показаны зависимость скорости размыва от расстояния до винта для разных значений температур и соответствующей им вязкости нефти, показаны условия, при которых возможен размыв донных отложений в резервуаре для данной геометрии гребного винта.
Обеззараживание и использование антропогенных отходов в ресурсосберегающих строительных технологиях
Authors: Маковкин Владимир Иванович , Замятин Николай Владимирович , Смирнов Геннадий Васильевич
Published: October 2019

Актуальность. Проблема охраны окружающей среды является одной из острейших проблем настоящего времени. Многостороннее замусоривание всех геосфер неутилизированными отходами привело к резкому ухудшению состояния экологических систем, к гибели некоторых уникальных природных комплексов, к сокращению и исчезновению популяций отдельных видов растений и животных, к опасности непредсказуемых необратимых последствий, к которым могут привести результаты техногенной деятельности человека. Поэтому утилизация техногенных отходов производств, а тем более использование их в ресурсосберегающих технологиях, безусловно, весьма актуальны. Цель работы: показать возможность утилизации, контроля и использования отходов производств, в частности фторангидрита, в ресурсосберегающих строительных технологиях. Методы: химическая нейтрализация отходов, дезинтеграция сырья и получение из него сыпучего клинкерного материала, способы его контроля и применения в разнообразных рецептурах в строительных технологиях; лазерное сканирование поверхности полученной сыпучей смеси; аппроксимация модели поверхности с применением радиальных базисных функций нейронных сетей; создание модели нелинейной функции поверхности по теореме Колмогорова с применением суперпозиции радиальных базисных функций; вычисление объема вещества, ограниченного полученной функцией с применением кубатурной функции методом Гаусса-Кронрода и методом Монте-Карло. Результаты. Рассмотрена технология нейтрализации сульфаткальциевых отходов производства и технологическая схема его дезинтеграции и использования в буровых растворах. Представлена система контроля объема дезинтегрированного вещества, необходимая для учета его количества и дозирования при использовании в рецептурах различных технологий. Показано, что при контроле и оценке количества дезинтегрированного вещества лучшим является способ с аппроксимацией нелинейной функции, так как имеется возможность регулирования ошибки количеством разбиений функции или количеством опытов, а также учитывается модель поверхности вещества. Использование радиальных базисных функций нейронной сети целесообразно для получения модели поверхности сыпучих веществ с целью повышения точности измерения объемов в резервуарных парках и складах производственных предприятий. Наиболее эффективными являются методы моделирования функций поверхности и измерения их объема методами квадратур или Монте-Карло. Использование метода Гаусса-Кронрода в данном случае предпочтительно.
Muakhi (Brotherhood) and its practices related to preventing communal conflict in multicultural societies
Authors: Hartoyo Hartoyo
Published: October 2019

In preventing communal conflict, the role of local wisdom is often considered to be a mechanism to maintain the peacefulness and closeness of inter-ethnic relations. Many researchers also argue that conflict prevention should practiced during both pre- and post-conflict. This study, therefore, aims to explain the role of Muakhi as the local wisdom in Lampung Province for recovering inter-ethnic relations in post-communal (inter-ethnic) conflict based on two empirical cases, namely the Balinuraga conflict in South Lampung and the Pematang Tahalo conflict in East Lampung, Lampung Province. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and documents. A total of 74 informants, consisting of local residents and community leaders from Lampung, Java and Bali ethnics totaling as many as 60 people (each village 15 people). There were also 14 informants who were village, district and regency government officials, including the police department and military personnel. The data was analyzed through a qualitative approach based on the constructivist paradigm. The study found that Muakhi refers to the concept of brotherhood accepted by the immigrants who are both ethnic Balinese and Javanese. Thus, this study suggests that the practice of Muakhi in the post-communal conflict through the strengthening of the moral values and the sociocultural relationship is an effective way of restoring communal conflict. However, this study argues that there is resistance to using Angkon Muakhi in a more detailed ceremony.
The source of power of the Dayak Ma’anyan Tribes’ political thought and its influence on the elites
Authors: Hadi Kisno
Published: October 2019

This article describes the political thoughts of power and authority, especially concerning sources of energy and its influences, in the elite group of the Dayak Ma’anyan tribe. Dayak Ma’anyan linked to the Nan Sarunai Kingdom, which was a sovereign country in the politic, economy, social and cultural scope in the 14th century. It collapsed because of the Majapahit military intervention. The elites’ political thoughts highly influence the source of power in Nan Sarunai in the current era in local political practices. This article employed the descriptive, explanatory method paired with descriptive interpretative data analysis and enriched by in-depth interview to 10 informants. The analysed unit was an elite group of Dayak Ma’anyan in the Barito Timur Regency. The research discovered there to be two sources of power. First, there is procedure power, i.e. Adat (customary law), and second, there is substantial power, i.e. 1) Alatala (God) and Nanyu (gods or ancestry); 2) Tutur or Hurui (genealogy); 3) Panatau (treasuries) and 4) Pusaka Keagungan (symbols of power). These sources are the main influences of usable power, e.g. in the emerging of the East of Barito regency in 2002, in ethnic identity within the context of bureaucracy and elections. The data derived from in-depth interviews, Taliwakas (stories about local leader), Hiyang Wadian (sacred song of the priest in ritual), Sorosilah (stories on the histories of leaders) and the customary law of Dayak Ma’anyan. The data interpretation was based on the theory of traditional power by Benedict Anderson and the theory of the source of power by Charles F. Andrain.
Interpretation of democracy, pluralism and tolerance among the young activists of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Maksum Ali , Febrianto Priyono Tri , Wahyuni Esa Nur
Published: October 2019

Anarchism and other forms of violence committed by religious groups and mass organizations are still very common in Indonesia. There have been violations of human rights, religious freedom and civil liberties, which are essential pillars of democracy. Indonesia, as a country that adheres to religious freedom regards all forms of intolerance as violations of democracy. This study described and explored the views of young cadres of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Malang, East Java, about democracy, pluralism and tolerance. This research intended to unravel some of the issues of how young generations of Muhammadiyah and NU understand democracy, pluralism and tolerance and if their views are associated with their social construction. This study employed qualitative methods using interviews and direct observations to collect the data. The results of this study showed there were differences in the patterns between the younger generation and the older generation of Muhammadiyah. The members of Muhammadiyah recognized that the young cadres of Muhammadiyah tended to act more violently towards intolerant mass organizations compared to their senior (old cadre) generation. The senior cadres, such as the Muhammadiyah Youth, were more likely to be calm when responding to the presence of radical organizations. The senior cadres of Muhammadiyah tended to be open-minded with the community organizations that are perceived by the public to be a radical mass organization, which is fundamental in addressing the presence of radical organizations. This view indicated by the absence sense of precariousness or a situation that is considered to be very threatening to religious and national life while still in the corridor of diversity. On the other hand, the younger generation of Nahdlatul Ulama showed a different pattern, revealing that their seniors tended to be harsher in responding to radical organizations and supporting mass organizations.
Hypothesis: Chemical Activity Regulates and Coordinates the Process Maintaining Glycerophospholipid Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells.
Authors: Somerharju Pentti , Virtanen Jorma A. , Hermansson Martin
Published: October 2019

Mammalian cells maintain the complex glycerophospholipid (GPL) class compositions of their various membranes within close limits because this is essential to their well-being or viability. Surprisingly, however it is still not understood how those compositions are maintained except that GPL synthesis and degradation closely coordinated. Here, we hypothesize that abrupt changes in the chemical activity of the individual GPL classes coordinate the synthesis and degradation, as well other homeostatic processes. A previously proposed model proposed that in cellular membranes only a limited number of “allowed” or optimal GPL glass compositions exist because they are energetically more favorable than the other compositions, i.e. they represent local free energy minima (Somerharju et al. 2009). This model, however, could not satisfactorily explain how the optimal compositions are sensed by the key homeostatic enzymes i.e., the rate-limiting synthetizing enzymes and the degrading enzymes (i.e., homeostatic phospholipases). We now propose that when the mole fraction of a GPL class exceeds an optimal one, its chemical activity abruptly increases, which (i) increases its propensity to efflux from the membrane thus making it susceptible for hydrolysis by homeostatic phospholipases, (ii) increases its potency to inhibit its own biosynthesis via a feedback mechanism, (iii) enhances its conversion to another GPL class via a novel process termed “head group remodeling” or (iv) enhances its translocation to other subcellular membranes. Accordingly, abrupt changes in the chemical activity of the individual GPL classes is proposed to regulate and coordinate those four processes maintaining GPL class homeostasis in mammalian cells.
Citizen Satisfaction and Continuing Intentions Regarding Support and Compensation Prescribed by the Chernobyl Act: A Case Study of the Russian Central Federal District
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Masuda Satoru , Maruyama Atsushi , Yano Yuki ,   Kyoei University 4158 Uchimaki, Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0051, Japan,   Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan,   Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Published: October 2019

Using the case study of the Russian Central Federal District, this paper analyzes the degrees of satisfaction among citizens regarding the support and compensation as prescribed by the Chernobyl Act, and their desire for this support to continue. After the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the Chernobyl Act named the State as being responsible for compensation of damages and provided that liquidators and refugees could receive support. Using a questionnaire survey, citizens’ levels of satisfaction concerning this support, as well as the speed of response to the nuclear accident, the information provided by the government, the decontamination of heavily polluted forests, and the compensation for liquidators were evaluated. The results found that support measures regarded as necessary for the reconstruction of affected areas and development of society and economy were the continued observations of the health status of the affected people, and continued pollution control. The degree of satisfaction among women and those with children, who are given preferential treatment under the Chernobyl Act, was high in regard to the Russian government’s response to the accident. Conversely, there are many who feel negatively about the provision of company housing and housing to citizens as prescribed under the law. Overall, 80% of the respondents wanted to continue support for the victims, particularly those with children, and desired to continue support such as migration rights, the early receipt of pensions, and the provision of free medicines, but many did not want preferential treatment regarding rent subsidies. Citizen satisfaction was generally high concerning the support and compensation as defined by the Chernobyl Act. However, there were also negative opinions regarding the preferential treatments prescribed by law, and it is necessary to consider these measures when formulating laws to protect victims in the future.
General Review on Hog Cholera (Classical Swine Fever), African Swine Fever, and Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis Infection
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Mizuno Tamaki , Miyoshi Shin-ichi ,   Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India  1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,   Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
Published: October 2019

Classical swine fever (CSF, hog cholera) has reemerged in Japan after 26 years and affected domestic pigs and wild boars. CSF was reported in Gifu prefecture on September 2018. Approximately 90,000 breeding domestic pigs were sacrificed by farmers of Gifu and Aichi prefectures to prevent expansion of CSF outbreak. In mid September 2019, CSF outbreaks have occurred in 8 prefectures in central Japan. African swine fever (ASF) is another viral infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars, although the etiologic agent is different from that of CSF. Both CSF and ASF affect pig farmers because of their intense infectivity to domesticated pigs. Fortunately, the causative agents are not pathogenic to human. However, an enteric bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis is pathogenic to pigs and humans. As Salmonella Choleraesuis causes food poisoning in humans, the infection is monitored by “Food Sanitation Law” in Japan. CSF, ASF, and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis salmonellosis are translated in Japanese as “ton-korera,” “afurika ton-korera,” and “buta-korera,” respectively, wherein “ton” and “buta” both mean pig or hog. Therefore the above Japanese words mean hog cholera.
MANAJEMEN PELATIHAN PRA PURNABAKTI DI PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Indriyani Devi Tri , Listyasari Winda Dewi , Supadi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian yang berjudul Manajemen Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti di Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh gambaran mengenai Perencanaan Pelatihan, Pelaksanaan Pelatihan, serta Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pelatihan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2018 hingga Januari 2019 menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan kredibilitas data, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, dan konformabilitas. Hasil dari pembahasan penelitian ini adalah Perencanaan Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti di Pusdiklat Kemenristekdikti terbagi menjadi dua perencanaan yaitu perencanaan program dan perencanaan penyelenggaraan. Perencanaan program terdiri atas analisis kebutuhan calon peserta Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti dan penyusunan kurikulum program Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti. Sementara, untuk perencanaan penyelenggaraan terdiri atas penentuan mitra kerja pelaksanaan pelatihan, latar tempat dan waktu penyelenggaraan. Pada tahap Pelaksanaan Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti merupakan implementasi dari kurikulum atau pedoman yang dibuat. Pedoman penyelenggaraan tersebut terbentuk dari beberapa elemen seperti kurikulum yang dibuat oleh Pusdiklat, kurikulum yang dibuat oleh mitra kerja, dan aspek-aspek perencanaan lain yang telah disusun oleh Pusdiklat Kemenristekdikti. Untuk Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pelatihan Pra Purnabakti, Pusdiklat Kemenristekdikti melakukan monitoring atau pengawasan terhadap materi pelatihan dan kesesuaian penyampaian instruktur dengan kurikulum yang dibuat, baik itu metode pengajaran maupun luasan pembahasannya.
HUBUNGAN PENGEMBANGAN DIRI DENGAN LOYALITAS KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI
Authors: Astuti Puji
Published: October 2019

Guru dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia yang berhadapan langsung dengan siswa. Dengan demikian, sangatlah beralasan apabila loyalitas kinerja guru perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari pihak manajemen sekolah. Selain itu, pengembangan diri guru diperlukan dalam pencapaian loyalitas kinerja tersebut. Karena urgennya permasalahan loyalitas kinerja seorang guru, maka perlu dilakukan analisis bagaimana hubungan pengembangan diri dengan loyalitas kinerja guru SDN 2 Margomulyo OKU Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengembangan diri dengan loyalitas kinerja guru SDN 2 Margomulyo OKU Timur berjumlah 25 orang guru. Desain penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional dan dilaksanakan di SDN 2 Margomulyo OKU Timur pada tanggal 09 April s.d 02 Agustus 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengembangan diri dengan loyalitas kinerja guru SDN 2 Margomulyo OKU Timur dengan diperoleh nilai p-value = 0,001 < a (0,05). Hasil ini berarti guru yang memiliki pengembangan diri baik lebih banyak memberi dampak terhadap loyalitas kinerjanya. Saran yang dapat penulis sampaikan pihak sekolah agar senantiasa memberikan kesempatan dan motivasi kepada guru-gurunya bahwa aspek pengembangan diri dan loyalitas agar menjadi faktor yang betul-betul diperhatikan dalam hal pencapaian karier sesuai dengan bidang ilmu yang dimilikinya.
PENERAPAN METODE ROLEPLAYING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL LAYANAN INFORMASI (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas 8.1 SMPN 62 Jakarta Timur)
Authors: Nursanti Kesi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah layanan informasi yang diberikan di SMP Negeri 62 Jakarta Timur dengan metode Role Playing dapat lebih efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan penerapan metode Role Playing yang diadaptasi dari teori Role Playing oleh Shaftels dalam Joyce (1992). Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu suatu penelitian yang menekankan kepada kegiatan (tindakan) dengan menguji cobakan suatu ide ke dalam Praktek atau situasi nyata dalam skala yang mikro, yang diharapkan kegiatan tersebut mampu memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas Proses Beiajar Mengajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 62 Jakarta Timur pada semester kedua tahun ajaran 2017-2018, sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa-siswi kelas 8-5 dengan jumlah 36 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada saat jam pelajaran Bimbingan Konseling, yaitu setiap hari Selasa pada pukul 11.10-11.50. penelitian ini terdiri atas III siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 3 (tiga) pertemuan. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan peneliti sebelum memulai penelitian, terlihat antusias siswa kelas 8-5 sangat dalam mengikuti layanan informasi di kelas. Hal ini terlihat dari aktivitas yang dilakukan siswa ketika guru pembimbing berceramah, seperti mengobrol dengan teman, mengerjakan tugas pelajaran lain, makan, mengantuk, dan lain sebagainya. Setelah dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas ini minat siswa mengikuti layanan informasi terlihat meningkat. Keaktifan siswa dalam mengikuti proses layanan informasi juga meningkat, disertai pula peningkatan dalam hal skor rata-rata skala sikap. Kenaikan skor rata-rata skala sikap siklus II naik sebesar 4,09% dibandingkan dengan skor rata-rata pengetahuan siswa siklus I. Sedangkan skor rata-rata pengetahuan siswa siklus III mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1,67% dibandingkan skor rata-rata pengetahuan siswa siklus II. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa dengan penerapan metode Role Playing untuk layanan informasi terjadi peningkatan yang cukup berarti. Hal ini berarti pula penerapan metode Role Playing untuk layanan informasi di SMP Negeri 62 Jakarta Timur cukup efektif.
The possibility of using high-quality fused magnesia in the manufacture of crucibles for vacuum-induction melting
Authors: Krasnii B. L. , Ikonnikov K. I. , Anikanov V. S. , Galganova A. L. , Mikhailov M. A.
Published: October 2019

The prospect of using crystalline fused magnesia (FL LC) in the manufacture technology of melting crucibles by the method of isostatic pressing is shown. It has been established that the production of a material based on MgO using concrete technology is limited to the hydration and loosening of the structure due to the formation and subsequent decomposition of brucite (native magnesia). The physical and mechanical characteristics of the obtained products are given. The effect of the CaO/SiO2 ratio on the corrosion and erosion resistance of products is considered. The raw material should have a molar ratio of these oxides of more than 1,7. Pressed crucibles were tested in the production of nickel, cobalt and tin based alloys in a vacuum induction furnace. The parameters of operation of products in the enterprise are shown. The effect of clogging by crucible materials during smelting of pure nickel has also been studied. The absence of contamination of the melt with crucible materials such as silicon dioxide, aluminosilicates and oxide films, etc., has been established.
Factors influencing the self-reported sense of deviation in adults with successful surgical outcomes for strabismus
Authors: Ji Na , Xu Meiping , Yu Huanyun , Xu Jinling , Yu Xinping
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To determine whether a sense of deviation remains in adults with successful motor alignment who fulfil diplopia criteria after surgery and to examine the factors associated with this judgement.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Adult patients defined as having a successful outcome based on more than one year of post-operative follow-up visits were included in the study. The sense of deviation was determined at the last visit. Pre- and post-operative deviation and characteristics including age, gender, education level, occupation, diagnosis, size of deviation, extraocular movement (EOM), binocular function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were recorded.

Results

In total, 22 (24%) of the 91 adults with successful surgical outcomes reported a sense of deviation. No significant differences were noted between subjects with and without a sense of deviation regarding patient demographics, pre- and post-operative deviation, changes in deviation, sensory fusion or EOM. Subjects with a sense of deviation had an increased prevalence of and larger post-operative vertical deviation, poorer stereo function, and lower HRQOL scores than those with no sense of deviation. The presence of post-operative vertical deviation was associated with a sense of deviation.

Conclusions

Approximately one-fourth (24%) of adults defined as having successful surgical outcomes who still had a sense of deviation exhibited worse stereo function, higher vertical deviation size and lower HRQOL scores. The presence of 2 to 5 prism dioptres(pd) of vertical deviation was the main factor associated with a sense of deviation post-operatively.
Tumour Mutational Burden is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Diffuse Glioma.
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Lan Yang , Shi Yu , Luo Ying , Tan Yuhuan , Liang Mei , Deng Song , Zhang Xia , Wang Wenying , Tan Yaoyao , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2019

Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy and prognosis. The impact of TMB on clinical outcomes and the correlation coefficient between exome sequencing and targeted sequencing in glioma have not yet been explored.
Methods: Somatic mutations in the coding regions of 897 primary gliomas, clinical and RNA-seq information for 654 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed as training set, while another 286 patients within the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were used to validate. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted with TMB. Enrichment Map and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also performed.
Results: TMB was higher for the mutant group of gene that is frequently mutated in glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower for the mutant group of gene that is frequently mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Patients with a higher TMB exhibited shorter overall survival. TMB was associated with grade, age, subtype and mutations affecting genomic structure. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that TMB was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. The signaling pathways of the cell cycle were enriched in the TMBHigh group. TMB was higher in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes mutant group compared to the wildtype group, but the MMR pathway was enriched in the TMBHigh group of gliomas without mutations in classical MMR genes. The correlation between TMBs calculated through exome sequencing and targeted sequencing was moderate and panel-based TMB was not correlated with prognosis
Conclusions: TMB is associated with poor outcomes in diffuse glioma. High proliferative activity in the TMBHigh group could account for the shorter survival of these patients. This association was not reflected by a pan-cancer targeted sequencing panel.
Dementia assessment and diagnostic practices of healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional qualitative study
Authors: Kamoga Ronald , Rukundo Godfrey Z. , Wakida Edith K. , Nakidde Gladys , Obua Celestino , Buss Stephanie S.
Published: October 2019

Background: An estimated 50 million people worldwide have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), and this number is projected to increase with the growth of the aging population, with the largest growth occurring in low and middle-income countries. Diagnostic coverage for dementia is estimated to be only 5-10% in low- and middle-income countries. Timely diagnosis of ADRD could prompt early access to information, medical treatments, and support for caregivers. The aim of this study was to assess how healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda assess for and diagnose ADRD.
Methods: We used in-depth interviews to investigate the medical knowledge and clinical practices surrounding ADRD diagnoses among 42 healthcare workers employed at mid-tier health facilities in southwestern Uganda. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify distinct categories and themes.
Results: Our findings show that healthcare workers without specific mental health training assessed and diagnosed dementia based on history and physical examination alone. On the other hand, healthcare workers with some specialized training in mental health were more likely to use neuropsychological tests, blood tests, urine tests, and brain imaging in the diagnosis of dementia. Collateral history from caregivers was noted to be very important in proper assessment and diagnosis of dementia among all categories of healthcare workers. The majority of healthcare workers regarded memory loss as part of the normal aging process and reported that it does not need any specific treatment. Other healthcare workers could recognize signs and symptoms of dementia, but focused on managing other medical problems at the expense of assessing cognitive decline and mental health. Diagnostic practices did not differ based on age, years of experience, or gender of the healthcare workers.
Conclusion: These results indicate that specialized training in mental health among healthcare workers is crucial for the assessment and diagnosis of ADRD in rural southwestern Uganda.
Anti-PD-1 antibody decreases tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells
Authors: Yoshida Kazushige , Okamoto Masanori , Sasaki Jun , Kuroda Chika , Ishida Haruka , Ueda Katsuya , Ideta Hirokazu , Kamanaka Takayuki , Sobajima Atsushi , Takizawa Takashi , Tanaka Manabu , Aoki Kaoru , Uemura Takeshi , Kato Hiroyuki , Haniu Hisao , Saito Naoto
Published: October 2019

Background: There are many types of therapies for cancer. In these days, immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, are focused on. Though many types of immune checkpoint inhibitors are there, the difference of effect and its mechanism are unclear. Some reports suggest the response rate of anti-PD-1 antibody is superior to that of anti-PD-L1 antibody and could potentially produce different mechanisms of action. On the other hand, Treg also express PD-1; however, their relationship remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and osteosarcoma mouse model in vivo. In vitro, we analyzed the effect of IFNγ for expression of PD-L1 on the surface of cell lines by flowcytometry. In vivo, murine osteosarcoma cell line LM8 was subcutaneously transplanted into the dorsum of mice. Mouse anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered. we analysed the effect for survival of anti-PD-1 antibody and proportion of T cells in the tumour by flowcytometry. Results: We discovered that IFNγ increased PD-L1 expression on the surface of osteosarcoma cell lines. In assessing the relationship between anti-PD-1 antibody and Treg, we discovered the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody suppresses increases in tumour volume and prolongs overall survival time. In the tumour microenvironment, we found that the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody decreased Treg within the tumour and increased tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: Here we clarify for the first time an additional mechanism of anti-tumour effect—as exerted by anti-PD-1 antibody decreasing Treg— we anticipate that our findings will lead to the development of new methods for cancer treatment.
Comparison of Sequential, Delayed and Simultaneous Resection Strategies for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Wang Li-Jun , Wang Hong-Wei , Jin Ke-Min , Li Juan , Xing Bao-Cai
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: The present study aimed to compare the perioperative safety and long-term survival of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases undergoing sequential resection (SeR), delayed resection (DeR) and simultaneous resection (SiR).
Methods: From January 2007 to December 2016, data from patients undergoing surgery at Peking University Cancer Hospital for synchronous colorectal liver metastases were retrospectively collected. The above three different surgical strategies were compared.
Results: A total of 233 cases were included, with 49 in the SeR group, 98 in the DeR group and 86 in the SiR group. The incidence of severe complications was 26.7% in the SiR group, higher than that in the DeR group (11.2%, P = 0.007) and the SeR group (16.3%, P =0.166). The overall survival at 1 and 3 years in the SeR group (93.9% and 50.1%) was lower than that in the DeR group (94.9% and 64.8%, P = 0.019), but not significantly different from that in the SiR group (93.0% and 55.2%, P = 0.378). Recurrence-free survival at 1 and 3 years in the SeR group (22.4% and 18.4%) was lower than that in the DeR group (43.9% and 24.2%, P = 0.033) but not significantly different from that in the SiR group (31.4% and 19.6%, P = 0.275). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that T4, lymph node-positive primary tumour, liver metastases >30 mm and SiR (compared with DeR) were correlated with poor prognosis.
Conclusion: Simultaneous resection has a relatively higher incidence of severe complications, and with a staged resection strategy, the prognosis of delayed resection was better than that of sequential resection.
Value of exercise stress electrocardiography for stratification of exercise capacity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function on coronary slow flow: Case-control study
Authors: Wang Yonghuai , Li Jinyang , Liu Shuang , Mu Lixin , Li Guangyuan , Yu Hang , Yang Jun , Ma Chun-yan
Published: October 2019

Background

Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an angiographic entity characterized by delayed coronary opacification in absence of evident obstructive lesion in the epicardial coronary artery. However, whether patients with CSFP exhibit differing responses to exercise is still not known. This study aimed to evaluate results of exercise stress electrocardiography (ExECG) and left ventricular (LV) function during exercise, and study the value of ExECG for stratification of exercise capacity and LV function in patients with CSFP.

Methods

Thirty patients with CSFP and 24 controls were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of CSFP was made by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count. ExECG and LV function measured by echocardiography at rest, during exercise and recovery phase were evaluated.

Results

Negative ExECG was found in 24 (80%) patients with CSFP. At rest, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased and mitral average E/e’ increased in patients with CSFP compared with controls; however, there were no differences in these parameters between CSFP patients with negative ExECG and patients with positive ExECG. During exercise, CSFP patients with negative ExECG and controls had significantly increased LV GLS and decreased mitral average E/e’, but CSFP patients with positive ExECG had significantly decreased LV GLS and increased mitral average E/e’.

Conclusions

About 80% patients with CSFP exhibited negative ExECG. CSFP patients with negative ExECG exhibited improved LV function but CSFP patients with positive ExECG exhibited impaired LV function during exercise. ExECG may aid in the stratification of exercise capacity and LV function in patients with CSFP.
Determinants of late antenatal care follow up among pregnant women in Easter zone Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2018. Unmatched case- control study
Authors: Gebremariam Gebrehiwot , Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha , Gebru Hirut Teame , Gebrezgi Znabu Asfaw , Tekola Kidanemaryam Berhe , Baraki Mulu Ftiwi
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify determinants of late antennal care at first visit in health facilities of eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2018.
Result : Women with unplanned pregnancy (AOR= 4.03, 95%, CI: 1.56-5.67),Participants whose previous first antenatal care was after 16 weeks (AOR= 3.9, 95% CI: 1.98-7.68), Participants did not accompanied by their partner for antenatal visit (AOR= 1.29,95%, CI: 1.05-4.67), women recognized their current pregnancy at three months or late ( AOR= 4.7,95%,CI: 2.49-9.04) and participants provided adequate time for their previous antenatal care by health professionals ( AOR = 0.461, 95% CI 0.342- 0.875) were found the determinant factors of late antenatal care at first Visit. Hence family planning utilization, times of first visit antenatal, information flow and supporting by partners have a great role in improving antenatal care at first visit. There for responsible bodies should give focuses on utilization of family planning, increasing awareness of pregnancy symptoms and health provisional provide adequate time during visits.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices and Risk Factors among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althobaiti Asma , Jr Hoda
Published: October 2019

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem. It is the third most diagnosed common tumour and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early screening has been shown to decrease the incidence of CRC cancer and decrease mortality. In Saudi Arabia (SA), there is no national policy for CRC screening despite the growing incidence of the disease.This study investigated the knowledge of risk factors for CRC, recommendations for screening, and attitudes and barriers towards screening among medical students.
Methods
Data was collected using a self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and barriers measurements completed by 581 medical students from two Saudi schools. Frequencies and mean scores of knowledge and attitude were determined. The likelihood of students having adequate knowledge of CRC risk factors and screening modalities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Knowledge of the risk factors for CRC and screening modalities, and attitude towards screening were poor in 52.47% and 57.83% of the surveyed medical students; respectively. Higher level of medical education (OR=3.23; 95%CI: 2.01-5.18) and a positive attitude towards CRC screening (OR=2.74; 95%CI: 1.86-4.03) were independent predictors of higher knowledge levels. Lack of awareness about CRC and screening modalities among patients, and shortage of specialized healthcare providers were barriers independently associated with low knowledge levels.
Conclusions
Saudi medical students have limited knowledge of CRC risk factors of and a poor attitude towards CRC screening. These results contribute to our understanding of missed teaching opportunities in Saudi medical schools and suggest intervening at the medical school, clinical practice, and population levels to increase CRC screening practices.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yesuf Dejene Abraham , Abdissa Lensa Tesfaye , Gerbi Emiru Adeba , Tola Edosa Kifle
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia.

Results: Out of the 315 respondents, the mean age was 24.7 ± 2.54 years ranging between 15-44 years. The majority of the respondents were Oromo in ethnicity (90.2%) and protestant in religion (83.2%) and almost all (99%) of the study participants were married. Two hundred twenty-six (72%) of pregnant women were attended at least primary school and two hundred forty-six (78.1%) of the respondents were from farmer households. About half of the households (51.7%) had a monthly income of greater than 35 USD. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 138(43.8%) with the predominance of hookworm (33.7%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (7.3%). Being a farmer [AOR, 95% CI 7.3 (1.46, 37.00), P = 0.03], walking barefooted [AOR, 95% CI 6.13 (1.98, 19.00), P = 0.002] and absence of proper handwashing after latrine [AOR, 95% CI 5.36 (1.78, 16.00), P = 0.003] were significantly associated with occurrence of the intestinal parasitic infection.

Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal parasitic infection, pregnant women, Lalo Kile district
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiling of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured groupers in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Amalina Nor Zulkiply , Santha Silvaraj , Zulperi Dzarifah , Amal MNA , Yusof Mohd Termizi , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Ina-Salwany Md Yasin
Published: October 2019

Background: Numerous prevalence studies of Vibrio spp. infection in fish have been extensively reported worldwide, including Malaysia. Unfortunately, information on the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers ( Epinephelus spp.) is limited. In this study, groupers obtained from nine farms located at different geographical regions in Malaysia were sampled for the presence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and their susceptibility profiles against seven antibiotics.
Results: Out of 270 grouper samples, 195 (72%) were detected with the presence of Vibrio spp. Vibrio communis showed highest prevalence in grouper (28%), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (25%), V. alginolyticus (19%), V. vulnificus (14%), V. rotiferianus (3%), Vibrio sp. (3%), V. campbellii (2%) , V. mytili (2%) , V. furnissii (2%) , V. harveyi (1%) , V. tubiashii (1%) , V. fluvialis (0.3%) and V. diabolicus (0.3%) . Assessment on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Vibrio spp. revealed that majority of the isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and bacitracin, but resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G and vancomycin. The mean MAR index of the Vibrio isolates was 0.51, with 85% of the isolates showed MAR index value of higher than 0.2. Results indicate that the Vibrio spp. were continuously exposed to antibiotics. Furthermore, the plasmid profiles of Vibrio spp. showed that 38.7% of the isolates harbored plasmid with molecular weight of more than 10 kb, while 61.3% were without plasmid. During curing process, Vibrio spp. lost their plasmid, but remained resistant to ampicillin, penicillin G, bacitracin and vancomycin while a few isolates remained resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline.The results suggested that the resistance to antibiotics in isolated Vibrio spp. might be due to chromosomal and plasmid borne.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers and the distribution of multidrug resistance strains that could be of concern to the farmers in Malaysia. In addition, data from this study can be further used in fish disease management plan.
Are presbyopes willing to pay for spectacles? A Cross-sectional study’’
Authors: Alemu Haile Woretaw , Carlson Anthony
Published: October 2019

Objective Cross-sectional study design were used to assess willingness to pay for spectacles among south Gondar presbyopic population.Results Of the total 322 people participating in the study, only 53.4% (172) were experienced by spectacles users. The median gross monthly income of participants was US$ 75.0 (ranged US$ 7.1 - 321.4) and the mean amount of money willing to pay for a pair of spectacles was US$ 17.9 (ranged US$ 1.1-107.1). Participants who were willing to pay US$ 12.5 for a pair of spectacles from a government optical accounted for 63.0% (95% CI: 57.8-68.3), while those willing to pay the minimum international pair of spectacle price US$ 5.6 were accounted 73.9% (95% CI: 68.9-79.2%) and spectacle from local private optical price US$ 17.8 accounted 46.6% (95% CI: 40.4-52.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated factors such as age (P=0.049), occupation (0.001), monthly income (0.001) and history of the previous spectacle wear (0.005) to be significantly associated with willingness to pay for a pair of spectacles. Public willingness to pay for a pair of spectacle has to be supported with the accessible provision of spectacles to increase spectacle coverage among presbyopic individuals.