bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose supply as a way to reduce procedural pain in newborns. Review of research results
Authors: Pisaniak Paulina , Śmietana Greta , Ozga Dorota
Published: November 2021

Immediately after birth, most newborns undergo a number of medical procedures to assess how the body functions. Some of these procedures are invasive and involve breaking the continuity of the baby's tissues, leading to pain and discomfort. Confirmation of pain sensation by newborns is relatively one of the newer scientific discoveries - this fact was not acceptable until the end of the 1980s. Therefore, analgesia was used very rarely during all medical procedures. Nowadays, medical personnel are aware that the youngest patients also feel pain and should be knowledgeable about its prevention and treatment. The aim of the study is to analyze the available studies on glucose supply as a way to reduce procedural pain in newborns. The non-systematic review of the literature was carried out according to the following keywords: pain, glucose, newborn, prevention, recommendations. Analyzes carried out in neonatal departments and a literature review have shown that pain prevention and treatment still pose many problems, as there are no clear guidelines as to how and methods to administer the therapy. Oral glucose is the most common pain reliever used in neonates during medical interventions. Its mechanism of action remains unclear, but it is believed to have a calming effect and reduce behavioral indicators of pain. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the administration of three doses of sucrose appropriate to the gestational age of the newborn, but there is concern about the long-term use of this preventive measure, especially in premature babies, who are at greater risk of hyperglycemia and disturbances in the development of the nervous system.
Symbolism of the renaissance sculpture:
Aedicule of Sholts-Volfovych townhouse in Lviv
Authors: Linda Svitlana
Published: November 2021

The specific conditions of architectural development in Lviv promoted the expansion of the Renaissance traditions in the architecture in the XVI century. The local traditions considerably influenced the classical forms as well as techniques suggested by the Italian architects. As a result, the architecture of Lviv had taken the peculiar features that reflected the character of an indigenous revival. A significant feature of a Renaissance townhouse in Lviv lies in its abundant decoration. as it was created according to the symbolic ideas and was filled with the philosophic content.
The façade of Sholts-Volfovych apartment house situated in 23, Rynok Square in Lviv deserves special attention. The abundant exterior design includes the composition «Epiphany», located in the aedicule of the second floor. Using the principle of hermeneutics the article presents the author’s interpretation of a symbolic meaning of this sculptural composition, based on the Gospel texts and is connected with the Renaissance meditations about a human place in the world and his/her relationship with God.
Dobre praktyki projektowania zwartej zabudowy jednorodzinnej w kontekście dążenia do optymalizacji zysku
z inwestycji deweloperskiej
Authors: Wanago Radosław
Published: November 2021

W artykule przedstawiono dwa kluczowe etapy projektowania, jego istotne elementy oraz zasady, którymi należy się kierować w czasie projektowania inwestycji deweloperskich polegających na budowie zwartej zabudowy jednorodzinnej. Artykuł powstał na podstawie doświadczenia autora, opierając się na przeprowadzonych analizach chłonności (studium wykonalności inwestycji) kilkuset potencjalnych działek budowlanych, poprzedzających setki projektów architektoniczno-
-budowlanych budynków oraz zagospodarowania terenu, zapewniających inwestorowi bezpieczny zwrot z inwestycji. Publikację powinno się interpretować jako punkt wyjścia będący wprowadzeniem do cyklu artykułów poruszających tematykę projektowania inwestycji deweloperskich. Artykuł jest kierowany zarówno dla niewielkich, często początkujących inwestorów, jak i architektów projektujących budynki na sprzedaż.
Análise Comportamental por Meio de Características com os Classificadores SVM e MLP Para Detecção de Traços Autísticos em Adultos
Authors: Sousa Roney Nogueira de , Brito Rhyan Ximenes de , Ximenes Janaide Nogueira de Sousa
Published: November 2021

O transtorno do especto autista (TEA) intriga pesquisadores no mundo inteiro. Nesse sentido esse trabalho aborda um estudo sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) como ferramenta auxiliar para rastreio do TEA em adultos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema auxiliar com base nos classificadores SVM e MLP como ferramenta de detecção de traços autísticos em adultos. A metodologia foi implementada com base em 610 amostras de indivíduos com/sem o TEA de um banco de dados público, através do software WEKA utilizando o SVM e a MLP, validação cruzada k-fold, z-score e a técnica SMOTE. Os resultados mostraram para a acurácia do SVM uma taxa média de 99,48% enquanto que para a MLP foi de 95,42%.
Mindestlohn und Arbeitsintensität – Evidenz aus Deutschland
Authors: Fedorets Alexandra , Himmelreicher Ralf
Published: November 2021

In den politischen Debatten, die der Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes im Jahr 2015 vorausgingen, wurde – neben anderen vermuteten negativen Folgen der Reform – auch eine Erhöhung der Arbeitsintensität im betroffenen Lohnsegment antizipiert. Diese These beruhte auf einer sporadischen internationalen Evidenz sowie auf theoretischen Annahmen. Und in der Tat haben Arbeitgeber, wenn die Arbeitskosten steigen, einen Anreiz, diese zu kompensieren, indem sie mehr Produktivität pro gearbeitete Stunde fordern. Zudem kann angenommen werden, dass steigende Löhne die Beschäftigten zur Leistungserhöhung motivieren. Ob die vermuteten Anpassungen auf Arbeitgeber- und Beschäftigtenseite tatsächlich stattfinden, untersucht der Beitrag empirisch. Grundlage dafür ist die repräsentative Haushaltsbefragung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zur Einschätzung der Veränderung in der eigenen Arbeitsintensität. Es zeigt sich, dass eine Steigerung der Arbeitsintensität im Mindestlohnbereich kaum zu beobachten ist, sondern überwiegend in den höheren Lohnsegmenten. Vollzeitbeschäftigte sowie Hochqualifizierte berichten häufigere und höhere Steigerungen ihrer Arbeitsintensität als gering Qualifizierte oder Minijobber, die deutlich häufiger im Niedriglohnbereich beschäftigt sind.
Währungs- oder Wirtschaftspolitik?
Authors: Schmidt Reiner
Published: November 2021

Die Ultra-Vires-Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum EZB-Anleihekaufprogramm PSPP hat hohe Wellen geschlagen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung nach, die in vorgenanntem Beschluss vorläufig kulminierte, und widmet sich der im Kern streitigen Frage nach der Abgrenzung zwischen Währungs- und Wirtschaftspolitik und ihrer gerichtlichen Überprüfbarkeit. Es wird argumentiert, dass ein die „Funktionsgrenzen der Rechtsprechung“ überschreitendes Justiziabilitätshindernis gerade nicht vorliegt, sich andernfalls ein verfassungsrechtlich nicht hinnehmbares Legitimations- und Kontrolldefizit materialisiert. Ein abschließender Ausblick zeigt, dass die hier thematisierte Abgrenzung zwischen Währungs- und Wirtschaftspolitik auch weiterhin relevant ist, im Ergebnis aber ernüchternd ausfällt.
Datenschutz und Meinungsfreiheit. Der Regelungsauftrag der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung für den nationalen Gesetzgeber
Authors: Heberlein Horst
Published: November 2021

Die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung konkretisiert das Recht auf den Schutz personenbezogener Daten, erfordert aber auch die Abwägung mit anderen in der Charta der Grundrechte garantierten Grundrechten. Für den Ausgleich mit der Meinungsäußerungs- und Informationsfreiheit verpflichtet sie die Mitgliedstaaten, durch Rechtsvorschriften beide Grundrechte miteinander in Einklang zu bringen. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit diesem Regelungsauftrag und erläutert die Parameter für den nationalen Gesetzgeber zur Herstellung der Konkordanz von Datenschutz und Meinungsfreiheit. Schwerpunkte sind der unionsrechtliche Rahmen des legislativen Spielraums, der insbesondere den Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit und den Wesensgehalt beider Grundrechte wahren muss, sowie die Kriterien für die Abwägung zwischen den Grundrechtspositionen.
Wortlaut und „Wille des Gesetzgebers“ im Rahmen der richtlinienkonformen Auslegung. Zu den nationalen contra-legem-Grenzen bei der richtlinienkonformen Interpretation beurteilt anhand der Entscheidung Cookie-Einwilligung II des BGH vom 28.05.2020, I ZR 7/16
Authors: Huber Christopher
Published: November 2021

Eine jüngere Entscheidung des BGH gibt abermals Anlass für methodische Fragen zum Gebot der richtlinienkonformen Interpretation. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich daher mit den Voraussetzungen und Grenzen der richtlinienkonformen Auslegung auseinander, insbesondere im Kontext der Wortlautinterpretation und des Argumentationstopos „Wille des Gesetzgebers“. Wird den mitgliedstaatlichen Gerichten abverlangt, den nationalen Wortlaut zu derogieren? Muss gar ein gesetzgeberischer Wille zur korrekten Richtlinienumsetzung vermutet werden? So manche Entscheidung deutscher Gerichte vermittelt den Eindruck, als sei die Richtlinienkonformität um jeden Preis zu gewährleisten, mit der faktischen Konsequenz einer unmittelbaren Richtlinienwirkung. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob sich ein solches Verständnis rechtfertigen lässt und welche Signale vom Europäischen Gerichtshof zu dieser Frage zu vernehmen sind.
Die Sprachen des Leibes und die Leiblichkeit der Sprache
Authors: Schüßler Michael
Published: November 2021

Der Schmerz, das Bauchgefühl und die Nervosität, das Ergriffen-Sein, die Lust und die Symptome des psychisch Unbewussten: Sollen diese leiblich-körperlichen Eindrücke nur sprachlich-diskursive Materialisierungen sein, wie Judith Butler meint? Ausgehend von der Kritik der erkenntnistheoretischen Prämissen Butlers entwickelt Michael Schüßler eine Kritische Theorie des Körpers, die die nichtsprachlichen Momente des Leib-Körpers betont und die leiblich-somatische Fundierung der Sprache erhellt. Er rückt dafür den Begriff der Vermittlung ins Zentrum und konkretisiert diesen am Gegenstand der frühkindlichen Entwicklung sowie entlang der materialistischen sowie psychoanalytischen Sozialisationstheorie Alfred Lorenzers.
Priority search simulation for flood evacuation routes using fuzzy AHP approach
Authors: Brenda Chandrawati , Agung Putri , Fitri Sari
Published: November 2021

A flood is an event of an increase in water volume above the standard limit due to increased rainfall, rising sea levels, storms, and others that result in submerging an area. Floods are disasters that can cause damage and loss of property, disrupt community activities and even cause loss of life. The central defiance to rescue flood victims is choosing a safe route for flood victims to reach the evacuation site. To be able to choose a safe route for flood victims, a flood evacuation simulation is made. Flood evacuation simulation is part of the game that has been created and aims to provide education about the weight of the obstacle that needs to be considered in selecting routes for flood victims. In this flood evacuation simulation, each road has obstacles. The method proposed for choosing safe routes for flood victims is the Fuzzy-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). The calculation of road route weight using the Fuzzy AHP method will produce the weight for each route. The smallest weight route shows the priority route and the safe route for flood victims to pass. In this case, the Fuzzy AHP method's calculation produces the lowest weight of 0.02347, which is achieved by route 5, the route passing through S-a-b-d-D. This route is a priority route that is safe for flood victims to pass through.
Analysis of challenges of private tour operators in developing successful business: Case study of Assam
Authors: Sarmaha Biswajit , Goswami Homeswar
Published: November 2021

Assam, the premier North Eastern state of India, has a long history of hosting wildlife tours inside its world famous Kaziranga National Park since 1904. Tour operators operating from the state have been carrying millions of domestic and international tourists annually to various destinations of Assam and its adjacent states of North East India. At present, around seventy Government of Assam recognised Private Tour Operators and one Government tour operator under Assam Tourism Development Corporation are providing valuable services to the tourists visiting this part of the country. The present study intends to study the challenges faced by the Private Tour Operators of Assam and also to try to put forward few suggestions for the improvement of their business conditions. The research work is mostly based on primary data collected during the interactions with the officials of the Private Tour Operators of Assam and few secondary data are also gathered from various printed and online publications, records of the Directorate of Tourism-Assam and various research publications. The research results determined the existence of many challenges that Private Tour Operators need to deal with while operating from this remotest part of India. It is expected that the research results will help the Private Tour Operators of Assam in finding solutions to some of their problems and thereby improving their business conditions. This study is also believed to serve the state tourism department and policymakers to formulate plans for the development of tour operators in particular and tourism in general for the state.
Genealogía del constitucionalismo democrático en Chile: el trabajo del Grupo de los 24 en las propuestas de cambio constitucional
Authors: Busch Venthur Tania , Campos Díaz Manuel
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo pretende rescatar el trabajo del Grupo de Estudios Constitucionales, sosteniendo que conservó la tradición constitucional demócrata durante el paréntesis autoritario. Se demuestra que los contenidos propuestos hoy en el debate constitucional en muchas materias son reconducibles a las propuestas del Grupo, y que, por lo tanto, existe una continuidad entre sus propuestas y el desarrollo del constitucionalismo democrático y el desarrollo del proceso constituyente hasta nuestros días.
Justicia restaurativa con personas condenadas por tribunales extranjeros trasladadas a España para cumplir su condena
Authors: Pascual Rodríguez Esther , Etxebarria Zarrabeitia Xabier
Published: November 2021

Este artículo pretende analizar la viabilidad de la justicia restaurativa en delitos de tráfico de drogas en la fase de ejecución de la pena. Se centra en una experiencia concreta de Justicia Restaurativa con españoles condenados por tribunales extranjeros que han sido trasladados a España para cumplir su pena privativa de libertad por la comisión de delitos contra la salud pública. Dicha experiencia se ha llevado a cabo con el impulso de la Fundación Abogacía Española y la aprobación de la Secretaría General de Instituciones Penitenciarias en el centro penitenciario de Madrid V. Los autores, a su vez, facilitadores del programa analizan la viabilidad de este tipo de justicia en esta tipología delictiva.
A rare case report of neonatal calcinosis cutis induced by distant and delayed extravasation of intravenous calcium gluconate
Authors: Ahn Kwang Hyeon , Park Eun Soo
Published: November 2021

A 3,480 g male neonate showed tachypnea symptom with a serum ionized calcium level of 0.66 mmol/L by routine clinical analysis. He was injected calcium gluconate intravenously through femoral vein catheter to treat the hypocalcemia. On second day after the injection, he started to show erythema in the flank area. The lesion became firm and changed into whitish crust consist of small crystals. Abdominal X-ray and ultrasonography showed the accumulation of calcium deposit in the subcutaneous layer of the lesion. Surgical debridement was performed to remove the crust with calcium deposit and acellular fish skin graft rich in omega-3 (Kerecis) was applied to the defect site for secondary intention of the defect wound. After 2 months, the skin and soft tissue defect were fully covered with healthy normal skin without depression or contracture. This report is a first case of iatrogenic calcinosis cutis without extravasation symptom.
Plastic surgery and specialty creep: an analysis of publication trends
Authors: Mackenzie Ethan L. , Larson Jeffrey D. , Poore Samuel O.
Published: November 2021

Background Many surgical specialties have had pioneering influences from plastic surgeons. However, many of these areas of practice have evolved to include surgeons from diverse training backgrounds. This raises the question as to whether the prominence of other specialties in clinical practice translates to greater research productivity in these areas. The objective of this paper is to investigate the publication volumes of plastic surgeons in selected areas of practice compared to surgeons from other disciplines.

Methods PubMed was used to examine publication trends in areas associated with plastic surgery. Searches for the following topics were performed: head and neck reconstruction, hand surgery, breast reconstruction, ventral hernia repair, abdominal component separation, brachial plexus injury, craniofacial surgery, and aesthetic surgery. Affiliation tags were used to examine contributions from nine specialties. Web of Science was used to identify the top cited articles for the last 10 years in each area.

Results Articles by non-plastic surgeons comprise the majority of the literature for all areas of practice studied except for breast reconstruction and aesthetic surgery. Despite this, plastic surgeons contributed the greatest number of top cited articles over the last 10 years for five of the areas of practice.

Conclusions While plastic surgeons do not contribute the greatest proportion of articles published each year in several of the selected areas of practice, they do publish a larger number of articles that are the most cited. Plastic surgeons remain the dominant academic force in terms of volume and citations for both breast and aesthetic surgery.
Volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle after postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in immediate breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap: final results from serial studies
Authors: Song Kyeong Ho , Oh Won Seok , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Min Wook , Jeong Dae Kyun , Bae Seong Hwan , Kim Hyun Yul , Jung Youn Joo , Choo Ki Seok , Nam Kyung Jin , Joo Ji Hyeon , Yun Mi Sook , Nam Su Bong
Published: November 2021

Background Breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi (eLD) flap can supplement more volume than reconstruction using various local flaps after partial mastectomy, and it is a valuable surgical method since the reconstruction area is not limited. However, when performing reconstruction, the surgeon should consider latissimus dorsi (LD) volume reduction due to postoperative chemotherapy (POCTx) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx). To evaluate the effect of POCTx and PORTx on LD volume reduction, the effects of each therapy—both separately and jointly—need to be demonstrated. The present study quantified LD volume reduction in patients who underwent POCTx and PORTx after receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with an eLD flap.

Methods This study included 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction using an eLD flap from January 2013 to March 2017, had chest computed tomography (CT) 7–10 days after surgery and 10–14 months after radiotherapy completion, and were observed for more than 3 years postoperatively. One surgeon performed the breast reconstruction procedures, and measurements of breast volume were obtained from axial CT views, using a picture archiving and communication system. A P-value <0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance.

Results The average volume reduction of LD at 10–14 months after completing POCTx and PORTx was 64.5% (range, 42.8%–81.4%) in comparison to the volume measured 7–10 days after surgery. This change was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, when harvesting an eLD flap, surgeons should anticipate an average LD volume reduction of 64.5% if chemotherapy and radiotherapy are scheduled after BCS with an eLD flap.
Tessier number 7 cleft with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: a case report
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Seo Hyung Joon , Bae Yong Chan
Published: November 2021

To date, there have been no reports of patients showing a Tessier number 7 cleft with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Furthermore, no studies have established the sequence, plan, or timing of surgical methods for treating patients presenting the above anomalies simultaneously. We report a case of a Tessier number 7 cleft with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Two months after birth, lip adhesion was performed on the unilateral complete cleft lip and total excision was performed on the skin tag. At 4 months of age, Tessier number 7 cleft was corrected. At 6 months of age, surgery involving two small triangular flaps was performed on the unilateral incomplete cleft lip after performing lip adhesion. At 13 months of age, two-flap palatoplasty with a vomer flap was performed on the complete cleft palate. At 6 years of age, open rhinoplasty was performed on the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. At 9 years of age, bone grafting was performed for the alveolar cleft. At follow-up appointments up to 13 years of age, there were no major complications. Here, we present this patient, surgical procedures and timelines, and show our results demonstrating good postoperative outcomes.
Uso de fotoprotetores na prevenção de danos por exposição solar: conceitos, avaliação histórica e recomendações
Authors: Camelo Pollyanna Tavares de Lira , Kellermanni Raygoria Cabral Sales
Published: November 2021

Os raios ultravioletas (UV) são elementos fundamentais para a vida humana, pois é através da exposição direta a eles que o organismo consegue sintetizar 80 a 90% da vitamina D necessária, no entanto, a exposição exacerbada a estes elementos pode acarretar danos permanentes à pele. Percebe-se que o uso de protetor solar ou fotoprotetor é algo indiscutível e vem ganhando mais espaço no mercado mundial. A elaboração de produtos com segurança e eficácia se baseia na compreensão de seu mecanismo de ação e formulações, sendo o Fator de proteção Solar (FPS) o principal dado para quantificação da eficácia fotoprotetora. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre fotoprotetores que tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão dos conceitos históricos que envolvem o uso de fotoprotetores, apresentando suas classificações quanto aos filtros UV e métodos de avaliação da proteção solar, evidenciando a importância do uso dos mesmos na prevenção contra danos cutâneos. O método de revisão de literatura baseou-se em artigos da língua portuguesa sobre fotoprotetores, danos da exposição solar e avaliação de filtros solares, disponíveis nos bancos de dados Periódicos Capes, Microsoft Academic Search, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). Findada a pesquisa, pode-se concluir que existem diversas apresentações de fotoprotetores e que seu uso correto é parte fundamental para uma tez saudável e sem danos.
La construcción del arquetipo norteamericano. La imagen cinematográfica y televisiva de Abraham Lincoln en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Mancebo Roca Juan Agustín
Published: November 2021

El legado histórico de Abraham Lincoln lo ha convertido probablemente en el presidente más importante de los Estados Unidos. Su defensa de la Unión, la abolición de la esclavitud y la Guerra Civil, lo han transformado en el líder esencial para comprender la América contemporánea. Por ello, Lincoln ha sido un referente en la historia del cine norteamericano. Desde las filmaciones tempranas hasta la actualidad, el decimosexto presidente ha constituido un arquetipo representacional asociado a los periodos históricos en los que su figura ha sido reconstruida, vinculada mayoritariamente a tiempos de crisis en los que se refrendaba su carácter mediador y su inteligencia política como modelos de afirmación norteamericana. Lincoln, que había sido capaz de unir y reconciliar a la nación en el periodo más crítico de su joven cronología, se convirtió en el modelo de construcción del mito norteamericano, cuya mención iluminó los periodos oscuros de la Depresión y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Cuando el país se convirtió en la potencia hegemónica, su figura evolucionó como memoria visual y referente ante los abusos de poder y a las políticas manipuladoras.

The historical legacy of Abraham Lincoln has made him probably the most important U.S. president. His support of the Union, the abolition of slavery and the Civil War have made him the central figure of contemporary American understanding. That is why Lincoln has been a landmark in American film history. From early filming to the present day, the 16th President has been a representational archetype of the historical periods in which his figure has been reconstructed. A figure mainly linked to periods of crisis in which his mediating character and political intelligence were endorsed as models of American affirmation. Lincoln, who had been able to unite and reconcile the nation in the most critical period of its young chronology, became the model for the construction of the American myth. His mention shed light on the dark periods of depression and the Second World War. When his country became the world’s hegemonic power, his figure was transmuted into visual memory as a reference in the face of abuses of power and manipulative policies.
Mettre en oeuvre la Responsabilité Sociale d’Entreprise (RSE) au coeur du business model (BM) : expérimentation d’un processus de création de valeurs au sein de Janssen France
Authors: Gimenes Nathalie
Published: November 2021

Cet article suggère une nouvelle représentation conceptuelle de la RSE au coeur du BM. La mise en oeuvre de la RSE est traitée sous l’angle d’un processus par lequel les valeurs sociales, sociétales, environnementales et économiques du développement durable sont progressivement incorporées à la stratégie et au BM. C’est en menant une recherche-intervention au sein de Janssen France que trois séquences constitutives de ce processus ont été élaborées et expérimentées. En intégrant la RSE dans sa stratégie et au coeur des composantes du BM, Janssen France élargit la finalité de ses activités et contribue à des objectifs du développement durable.
New Evidence on the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and the Use of Equity Capital
Authors: Benlemlih Mohammed , Bitar Mohammad , Erragragui Elias , Peillex Jonathan
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the reverse U-shaped relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and firms’ use of equity capital. Using a large sample of U.S. publicly listed companies, we provide strong evidence that CSR is positively associated with the use of equity capital when CSR practices are below a certain level. Once the CSR investment exceeds this level, the relationship between CSR and the equity financing becomes negative. Our findings are robust when we use the individual components of CSR, and several approaches to address endogeneity. Overall, our results enrich the debate about capital structure of high CSR firms and suggest that the CSR-capital structure relationship is more complex than what has been demonstrated in previous literature.
Werner Herzog: el cine como misión
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: November 2021

El pasado mes de octubre, el cineasta alemán Werner Herzog visitó Barcelona para ofrecer una clase magistral en el marco del Serielizados Fest, el festival de series de televisión fundado por los creadores de la revista en línea del mismo nombre.
FACEBOOK U SLUŽBI DRŽAVE „Microsoft Skills Centers“
Authors: Markuš Ranko
Published: November 2021

Javne službe za zapošljavanje implementiraju aktivne mjere zapošljavanja, čiji je osnovni cilj da budu povećane mogućnosti za zapošljavanje tražilaca zaposlenja, te da se unaprijedi posredovanje između nezaposlenih i poslodavaca. Švajcarski Projekat zapošljavanja mladih (YEP) od oktobra 2015. godine je krenuo u kreiranje inovativnih aktivnih mjera na tržištu rada. Mjere imaju cilj obuku i certificiranje nezaposlenih Microsoft certifikatima. S obzirom na obavljena istraživanja tržišta očekuje se relativno velika tražnja za uspješnim polaznicima ovih kurseva od strane poslodavaca. Na osnovu interesa mladih možemo zaključiti da korišteni kanali informisanja nisu ispunili očekivanja u smislu popunjavanja svih raspoloživih mjesta za mlade, odnosno da ciljana grupa nije dobila informaciju pravovremeno, niti na adekvatan način. S ciljem adekvatnije komunikacije sa ciljnom grupom mladih istraživani su kanali za komunikaciju i došlo se do zaključka da bi trebalo koristiti Facebook kao glavni komunikacioni kanal. Na osnovu tih zaključaka sprovedena je sedmodnevna Facebook kampanja u toku februara 2016. godine u gradovima Banja Luka, Mostar i Sarajevo. Vrijednost kampanje je bila 28 EUR po lokaciji, odnosno ukupno 84 EUR. Kampanjom se došlo do 175.000 osoba iz ciljane grupe, nakon čega je broj prijava porastao na 757, ali se ipak samo 62 odazvalo na testiranje. Facebook je ocijenjen kao adekvatan komunikacioni kanal, ali i dalje očigledno postoji značajan problem u motivaciji mladih za promjenu situacije u kojoj se nalaze.
ETIČNOST U ODNOSU MUŠKIH I ŽENSKIH LIKOVA U ROMANIMA D. H. LORENSA
Authors: Đurović Vesna
Published: November 2021

Uloga žene kroz vijekove se mijenjala zavisno od društva i društvenog aspekta. Ženski likovi oduvijek su bili prisutni kroz književnost. O ženama se pisalo i pjevalo od najranijih zapisa. Uloga u kojoj je žena bila se razlikovala: žena kao majka, žena kao supruga, žena kao ljubavnica, itd. Međutim, na prekretnici devetnaestog i dvadesetog vijeka ta uloga se mijenja u značajnoj mjeri. Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata žene postepeno počinju da se bore za svoja prava. Sa pojavom sufražetkinja jača i pokret za ženska prava. Istovremeno se i u književnosti uloga ženskih likova počinje mijenjati. Odnosno ženski likovi počinju se izjednačavati sa muškim likovima i posmatrati kroz istu prizmu. Ženski likovi, zajedno sa muškim likovima postaju potka oko koje se temelji radnja književnih djela. Lorens na interesantan način razvija kako ženske, tako i muške likove u svojim romanima, a kroz razvoj muških i ženskih likova slika i razvoj, odnosno dekadenciju društva u kojem živi i stvara.
SOCIJALNE ZADRUGE U FUNKCIJI SMANJENJA NEZAPOSLENOSTI
Authors: Pavlović Slađana , Zelli Simona , Macura Rajko
Published: November 2021

U vrijeme visoke nezaposlenosti, ekonomske i socijalne nejednakosti i odliva kvalifikovane radne snage, neophodni su inovativni pristupi u rješavanju problema sve većeg broja ljudi u stanju socijalnih potreba uzrokovanih ekonomskom zavisnošću. Posljednja svjetska ekonomska kriza je pokazala da su se njene negativne posljedice najmanje odrazile na socijalna preduzeća, prvenstveno socijalne zadruge. U ovom radu se analizira značaj socijalnih zadruga za zapošljavanje teško zapošljivih kategorija u razvijenim zemljama, prvenstveno Italiji i ekonomske mogućnosti koje ovaj oblik socijalnih preduzeća daju u BiH. Autor ukazuje na značaj mijenjanja javne svijesti o odnosu prema socijalnim preduzećima i stvaranje podsticajnog ambijenta za osnivanje socijalnih zadruga, čime bi se smanjio socijalni pritisak na institucije države i broj socijalno isključenih po osnovu nezaposlenosti.
GLOBALNI ORGANIZOVANI KRIMINAL KAO SIGURNOSNA PRIJETNJA ODRŽIVOM RAZVOJU
Authors: Čolaković Edin , Čolaković Senta
Published: November 2021

U ovom radu, pažnjaće se obratiti na prikaz opasnosti koju sa sobom nosi transnacionalni organizovani kriminal na globalnu sigurnost. Pokazati ćemo da od svih vrsta kriminala, organizovani kriminal predstavlja najsloženiju i najopasniju vrstu kriminala u svakom društvu i jednu od najvećih globalnih sigurnosnih prijetnji savremenom čovječanstvu. Ukazati ćemo da globalizacija pored toga što sa sobom donosi opštu demokratizaciju, i liberalizaciju trgovinskih i finansijskih aktivnosti,u zadnja dva desetljeća, globalizacija sa sobom nosi opasnost po međunarodni mir i globalnu sigurnost u vidu prijetnji kao što su globalni terorizam i organizirani kriminal. U radu će se posebna pažnja usmjeriti na prezentaciju opasnosti organizovanog kriminaliteta kao aktuelnog problema u globalnom okruženju koji negativno utiče na održivi razvoj. Također će se istražiti globalna opasnost transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala u nerazvijenom svijetu, odnosno zemljama u razvoju, zbog izražene opasnosti i štete koju organizovani kriminalitet nanosi perspektivnom i prosperativnom održivom razvoju.
Computer Reconstruction of the Appearance of Amur Cossacks and the Manchu in the 17th Century
Authors: Natsvin Aleksei Viktorovich , Eremin Il'ya Evgen'evich , Lokhov Aleksei Yur'evich
Published: November 2021

The article studies historical appearance of Russian servicemen of the Far East in the 17th century as well as their traditional opponents – soldiers of the eight-banner army of Qing China. The study sets a goal to practically model and print 3D models of the people understudy. To form basic sketches of the models the authors use historical images as well as modern reconstructions of uniforms and weapons. Computer modeling was carried out using open software. The approach is to develop a utilitarian technique for high-quality modeling of three-dimensional models of historical characters without professional art education. As a result, the authors have got unique three-dimensional models made according to a single algorithm. The use of three-dimensional modeling technologies provides for a fairly simple creation of both a character model itself and his uniform and weapons. Also, three-dimensional modeling allows one to create copies of individual objects thus forming a library that can significantly reduce the time spent on creating similar models. 3D printing technologies make it easy to replicate physical copies of a 3D model which in this case makes it possible to fulfill orders for small-scale production of souvenirs. The models can be applied in industrial production such as casting and milling.
The Medical, Ethical and Legal Case Against Dual Stabilization
Authors: Tobin-Tyler Elizabeth , Brown Benjamin
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the medical, ethical and legal conflicts clinicians face with the mandate to equally protect the health of the pregnant person and the fetus.
Physician Engagement in Addressing Health-Related Social Needs and Burnout
Authors: Tabata-Kelly Masami , Hu Xiaochu , Dill Michael J. , Alberti Philip M. , Bullock Karen , Crown William , Fair Malika , May Peter , Ortega Pilar , Perloff Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Importance

Previous research suggests that a greater capacity of health care organizations to address patients’ health-related social needs (HRSNs) is associated with lower physician burnout. However, individual physician-level engagement in addressing HRSNs has not been fully characterized, and its association with physician burnout remains understudied.

Objective

To characterize physicians’ engagement in addressing HRSNs and examine its association with burnout.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used the 2022 Association of American Medical Colleges National Sample Survey of Physicians (NSSP), a nationally representative survey of active, practicing physicians in the US conducted from May to November 2022 that measured a diverse array of physician workforce characteristics.

Main Outcome and Measures

HRSN engagement was defined by physicians’ responses to the NSSP item, “During the past 12 months, how often did you spend work time helping your patients meet their social needs?” Engagement levels were categorized as no engagement, low to moderate engagement (monthly or <1 time per month), or high engagement (weekly or daily). Burnout was measured using a single-item measure from the emotional exhaustion domain of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (high was defined as weekly or more). HRSN engagement was examined by physician characteristics, and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore associations between HRSN engagement and burnout. Data were weighted by age, gender, international medical graduate status, and specialty group.

Results

In the study cohort of 5447 physicians, the mean (SD) age was 50.9 (11.7) years, and 3735 (68.6%) identified as men or transgender men. Overall, 34.3% of physicians reported high HRSN engagement, with variability based on physician characteristics. Compared with no HRSN engagement, low to moderate HRSN engagement (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72; P = .03) and high HRSN engagement (AOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.39-2.27; P < .001) were significantly associated with high burnout.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of 5447 nationally representative physicians in the US, 34.3% regularly dedicated time to addressing HRSNs. The study identified variability in physicians’ engagement in addressing HRSNs and found that higher engagement was associated with a greater likelihood of burnout. The findings suggest the need for thorough assessment of the potential unintended consequences of physicians’ engagement in addressing HRSNs on their well-being.
Biochemical Markers of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Liu Li , Cao Jing
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide and a major public health concern, with the majority of cardiovascular deaths attributable to coronary artery disease. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an ominous manifestation of coronary artery disease and a spectrum of myocardial ischemia ranging from angina with reversible tissue damage to myocardial infarction (MI) with tissue necrosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis of ACS is crucial for initiating early treatment and missed diagnosis may have serious consequences. Biochemical cardiac markers include proteins released from the injured myocardium into the circulation and have long been used for aiding in the diagnosis and risk stratification of ACS. Over the past decades, cardiac biomarkers have evolved greatly from the earlier markers with less myocardium selectivity to later highly cardiac‐specific markers. In addition, the advance in technology has allowed for continuing improvement of analytical sensitivity of cardiac biomarker assays. The increased sensitivity has revolutionized ACS diagnosis by facilitating earlier detection of biomarker rise, shorter time intervals for serial measurements, and faster patient triage in emergency departments.

This chapter describes the current definition of MI and its latest diagnostic guidelines, with a focus on cardiac troponin and the new generation of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) assays as the preferred cardiac marker. Development of optimal diagnostic algorithms, factors affecting the performance of these algorithms, and alternative diagnostic protocols are discussed. In addition, historical cardiac markers and novel markers with their potential advantages are reviewed.
Proteinivorax
Authors: Kevbrin Vadim V. , Boltyanskaya Yulia V. , Toshchakov Stepan V. , Petrova Kristina O.
Published: December 2024

Pro.te.i.ni.vo'rax. N.L. neut. n.
proteinum,
protein; L. adj.
vorax
, devouring, ravenous, voracious; N.L. neut. n.
Proteinivorax
, protein devouring.

Bacillota / Clostridia / Eubacteriales / Proteinivoracaceae / Proteinivorax

The genus
Proteinivorax
accommodates anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic bacteria, which are specialized in the degradation of proteins and proteinaceous compounds. Cells stain Gram positive, and are anaerobic, mostly non‐motile, polymorphic, straight or slightly curved rods, which are prone to polymorphism, occur singly or in pairs, and reproduce by binary fission. Sporulation is variable. Chemoorganotrophic, mostly fermentative but capable of reducing fumarate, thiosulfate, sulfur, and DMSO (variable). Preferable substrates are proteins, partially hydrolyzed proteinaceous compounds, and ribonucleosides in the presence of tryptone. The main products of tryptone degradation are acetate, ammonium and, depending on species, formate and hydrogen as well. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, and C
16:0
. Known habitats are sediments of haloalkaline lakes and alkaline bioreactors for wastewater treatment or biogas production.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35.0–37.0 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Proteinivorax tanatarense
Kevbrin et al. 2013, VL155.
Lysozyme/Tracheal Antimicrobial Peptide‐Based Tissue‐Specific Expression Antimicrobial Plasmids Show Broad‐Spectrum Antibacterial Activities in the Treatment of Mastitis in Mice
Authors: Yang Yi , Meng Yining , Chen Daijie , Hou Ping , Zhang Zhipeng , Cao Wenqiang , Meng Ye , Zhang Qianwen , Tu Runyan , Hao Xiaoli , Qin Aijian , Shang Shaobin , Yang Zhangping
Published: December 2024

The use of antibiotics is the preferred therapy for bacterial diseases. However, overusing antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is now a major public health concern. Therefore, in this study, the performance of lysozyme (LYZ)/tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP)–based tissue‐specific expression antimicrobial plasmids (TSEAP) have been evaluated in the treatment of mastitis in mice. The results show that LYZ/ and TAP‐based TSEAP could effectively reduce the clinical symptoms caused by Staphylococcus sciuri, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced mastitis. In addition, the studies of behavioral tests, parameters of weight growth, blood biochemistry, and organ coefficients comprehensively indicate that the transfection of LYZ/TAP‐based TSEAP is safe in mice. Taken together, LYZ/TAP‐based TSEAP have broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity and may provide new insight for the non‐antibiotic treatment of bacterial diseases.
A pH‐Responsive, Surface Charge‐Switchable Nanosystem with Enhanced Biofilm Penetration for Synergistic Photodynamic and Antibiotic Therapy of Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Sun Zhencheng , Xiao Minghui , Lv Shuyi , Wang Cheng , Fu Hao , Tian Liang , Shi Linqi , Zhu Chunlei
Published: December 2024

Chronic wounds, particularly those associated with diabetes, pose a significant clinical challenge due to their tendency to develop biofilms that resist conventional antibiotic treatments. To address this issue, a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing pH‐responsive nanoparticles loaded with aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizers and natural saturated fatty acids (AIE/LA@HMONs−PyB) for effective biofilm penetration and disruption is proposed. Under physiological conditions, AIE/LA@HMONs−PyB are negatively charged. Upon accumulation at infected sites, however, the pyridine betaine group on the surface of AIE/LA@HMONs−PyB enables rapid protonation and charge reversal in the acidic biofilm microenvironment, thereby enhancing their ability to penetrate the biofilm. Upon light irradiation, these nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species that effectively disrupt the biofilm structure. This process enables the synergistic action of ciprofloxacin at a lower concentration, achieving an exceptional in vitro antibacterial efficiency of 99.99% against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms. Furthermore, in an in vivo diabetic wound model, this synergistic therapy accelerates wound healing by reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing collagen regeneration. The enhanced penetration strategy significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of this combined approach, offering great promise for advancing chronic wound healing and enhancing patient outcomes.
Boronophenylalanine‐Functionalized Platinum Nanozymes Sensitizing Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Li Xiangxia , Chen Guiyuan , Hong Bing , Guo Changqing , Zhu Huanjun , Zhu Qilong , Liu Yuanyu , Li Zilong , Li Lingling , Gao Chao , Lu Peng , Qian Dong , Liang Lizhen , Xiong Yujie , Min Yuanzeng
Published: December 2024

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which uses high‐energy particles generated by the reaction of 10B isotope with thermal neutrons to kill tumor cells precisely at the microscale, has become a promising treatment approach with aggressive and recurrent cancers. The development of highly selective boron drugs for tumor cells and devices with thermal neutron beams is crucial for BNCT. Borophenylalanine (BPA), the most widely used 10B containing drug in clinic, has problems with fast metabolism and poor tumor retention. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic effect of BPA, this study reports highly 10BPA‐loaded platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐10BPA NPs) and conduct BNCT experiments with a neutron beam generated by an accelerator neutron source. The Pt‐10BPA NPs achieve deep tumor penetration and retention, thereby significantly inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous colorectal tumors in mice. Furthermore, unlike classic drugs, the Pt‐10BPA NPs have superior catalytic properties and can sensitize BNCT by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Since the observation of improvements in immune responses induced by Pt‐10BPA NPs sensitized BNCT, its further combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy results in significant suppression of both primary and secondary tumors. In summary, this study provides a new aspect for the development of catalytic nanomedicines for BNCT sensitization.
Toward Efficient and Stable Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite: Unraveling the Selection Rule of Binary Spacer Cations
Authors: Li Shenghong , Wu Yi , Zhong Jun , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: December 2024

2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites have excellent environmental stability and enhanced photostability compared with their 3D counterparts. However, the introduction of organic spacer cations induces disordered crystal growth and increased exciton binding energy, limiting the photoelectric performance. Here, a binary spacer cations engineering strategy is reported that incorporates aromatic and alkylamine spacer cations, in which fluorine‐substituted hydrocarbons (4‐TFBZAI) promotes carrier transport and alkylamine (BAI) assists the ordered growth of perovskite. The resulting binary spacer perovskite (4‐TFBZA1.6BA0.4)FA4Pb5I16 shows preferred orientational growth and reduced exciton binding energy, enabling an efficient photodetector with a detectivity exceeding 1013 Jones and a response time of 583 ns. The influence of the spacer cations with varying functional groups and chain lengths is examined. The results reveal that selecting long‐chain alkylamine to mix with aromatic spacer cations shall be based on considerations of both functional groups and chain length. The aromatic spacer cation with suitable groups enhances carrier transport, while the flexible long‐chain alkylamine facilitates perovskite crystal growth. Moreover, matched chain lengths between aromatic and alkylamine spacer cations are crucial to the photoelectric performance of RP perovskites. This work will guide researchers in selecting suitable binary spacer cations and designing new types of RP perovskites.