bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and Standardized RNAi as a Versatile Platform for the Characterization of Gene Function
Authors: Wissel Sebastian , Kieser Anja , Yasugi Tetsuo , Duchek Peter , Roitinger Elisabeth , Gokcezade Joseph , Steinmann Victoria , Gaul Ulrike , Mechtler Karl , Förstemann Klaus , Knoblich Jürgen A , Neumüller Ralph A
Published: June 2016

Traditional loss-of-function studies in Drosophila suffer from a number of shortcomings, including off-target effects in the case of RNA interference (RNAi) or the stochastic nature of mosaic clonal analysis. Here, we describe minimal in vivo GFP interference (miGFPi) as a versatile strategy to characterize gene function and to conduct highly stringent, cell type-specific loss-of-function experiments in Drosophila. miGFPi combines CRISPR/Cas9-mediated tagging of genes at their endogenous locus with an immunotag and an exogenous 21 nucleotide RNAi effector sequence with the use of a single reagent, highly validated RNAi line targeting this sequence. We demonstrate the utility and time effectiveness of this method by characterizing the function of the Polymerase I (Pol I)-associated transcription factor Tif-1a, and the previously uncharacterized gene MESR4, in the Drosophila female germline stem cell lineage. In addition, we show that miGFPi serves as a powerful technique to functionally characterize individual isoforms of a gene. We exemplify this aspect of miGFPi by studying isoform-specific loss-of-function phenotypes of the longitudinals lacking (lola) gene in neural stem cells. Altogether, the miGFPi strategy constitutes a generalized loss-of-function approach that is amenable to the study of the function of all genes in the genome in a stringent and highly time effective manner.
Meiotic Interactors of a Mitotic Gene TAO3 Revealed by Functional Analysis of its Rare Variant
Authors: Gupta Saumya , Radhakrishnan Aparna , Nitin Rachana , Raharja-Liu Pandu , Lin Gen , Steinmetz Lars M , Gagneur Julien , Sinha Himanshu
Published: June 2016

Studying the molecular consequences of rare genetic variants has the potential to identify novel and hitherto uncharacterized pathways causally contributing to phenotypic variation. Here, we characterize the functional consequences of a rare coding variant of TAO3, previously reported to contribute significantly to sporulation efficiency variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During mitosis, the common TAO3 allele interacts with CBK1—a conserved NDR kinase. Both TAO3 and CBK1 are components of the RAM signaling network that regulates cell separation and polarization during mitosis. We demonstrate that the role of the rare allele TAO3(4477C) in meiosis is distinct from its role in mitosis by being independent of ACE2—a RAM network target gene. By quantitatively measuring cell morphological dynamics, and expressing the TAO3(4477C) allele conditionally during sporulation, we show that TAO3 has an early role in meiosis. This early role of TAO3 coincides with entry of cells into meiotic division. Time-resolved transcriptome analyses during early sporulation identified regulators of carbon and lipid metabolic pathways as candidate mediators. We show experimentally that, during sporulation, the TAO3(4477C) allele interacts genetically with ERT1 and PIP2, regulators of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways, respectively. We thus uncover a meiotic functional role for TAO3, and identify ERT1 and PIP2 as novel regulators of sporulation efficiency. Our results demonstrate that studying the causal effects of genetic variation on the underlying molecular network has the potential to provide a more extensive understanding of the pathways driving a complex trait.
Evolution of the Insertion-Deletion Mutation Rate Across the Tree of Life
Authors: Sung Way , Ackerman Matthew S , Dillon Marcus M , Platt Thomas G , Fuqua Clay , Cooper Vaughn S , Lynch Michael
Published: June 2016

Mutations are the ultimate source of variation used for evolutionary adaptation, while also being predominantly deleterious and a source of genetic disorders. Understanding the rate of insertion-deletion mutations (indels) is essential to understanding evolutionary processes, especially in coding regions, where such mutations can disrupt production of essential proteins. Using direct estimates of indel rates from 14 phylogenetically diverse eukaryotic and bacterial species, along with measures of standing variation in such species, we obtain results that imply an inverse relationship of mutation rate and effective population size. These results, which corroborate earlier observations on the base-substitution mutation rate, appear most compatible with the hypothesis that natural selection reduces mutation rates per effective genome to the point at which the power of random genetic drift (approximated by the inverse of effective population size) becomes overwhelming. Given the substantial differences in DNA metabolism pathways that give rise to these two types of mutations, this consistency of results raises the possibility that refinement of other molecular and cellular traits may be inversely related to species-specific levels of random genetic drift.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Associations Identify a New Insecticide Resistance Phenotype for the Selective Sweep at the Cyp6g1 Locus of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Battlay Paul , Schmidt Joshua M , Fournier-Level Alexandre , Robin Charles
Published: June 2016

Scans of the Drosophila melanogaster genome have identified organophosphate resistance loci among those with the most pronounced signature of positive selection. In this study, the molecular basis of resistance to the organophosphate insecticide azinphos-methyl was investigated using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, and genome-wide association. Recently released full transcriptome data were used to extend the utility of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel resource beyond traditional genome-wide association studies to allow systems genetics analyses of phenotypes. We found that both genomic and transcriptomic associations independently identified Cyp6g1, a gene involved in resistance to DDT and neonicotinoid insecticides, as the top candidate for azinphos-methyl resistance. This was verified by transgenically overexpressing Cyp6g1 using natural regulatory elements from a resistant allele, resulting in a 6.5-fold increase in resistance. We also identified four novel candidate genes associated with azinphos-methyl resistance, all of which are involved in either regulation of fat storage, or nervous system development. In Cyp6g1, we find a demonstrable resistance locus, a verification that transcriptome data can be used to identify variants associated with insecticide resistance, and an overlap between peaks of a genome-wide association study, and a genome-wide selective sweep analysis.
Assessing Predictive Properties of Genome-Wide Selection in Soybeans
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Muir William M , Rainey Katy Martin
Published: June 2016

Many economically important traits in plant breeding have low heritability or are difficult to measure. For these traits, genomic selection has attractive features and may boost genetic gains. Our goal was to evaluate alternative scenarios to implement genomic selection for yield components in soybean (Glycine max L. merr). We used a nested association panel with cross validation to evaluate the impacts of training population size, genotyping density, and prediction model on the accuracy of genomic prediction. Our results indicate that training population size was the factor most relevant to improvement in genome-wide prediction, with greatest improvement observed in training sets up to 2000 individuals. We discuss assumptions that influence the choice of the prediction model. Although alternative models had minor impacts on prediction accuracy, the most robust prediction model was the combination of reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression and BayesB. Higher genotyping density marginally improved accuracy. Our study finds that breeding programs seeking efficient genomic selection in soybeans would best allocate resources by investing in a representative training set.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae TORC1 Controls Histone Acetylation by Signaling Through the Sit4/PP6 Phosphatase to Regulate Sirtuin Deacetylase Nuclear Accumulation
Authors: Workman Jason J , Chen Hongfeng , Laribee R Nicholas
Published: June 2016

The epigenome responds to changes in the extracellular environment, yet how this information is transmitted to the epigenetic regulatory machinery is unclear. Using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast model, we demonstrate that target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling, which is activated by nitrogen metabolism and amino acid availability, promotes site-specific acetylation of histone H3 and H4 N-terminal tails by opposing the activity of the sirtuin deacetylases Hst3 and Hst4. TORC1 does so through suppression of the Tap42-regulated Sit4 (PP6) phosphatase complex, as sit4Δ rescues histone acetylation under TORC1-repressive conditions. We further demonstrate that TORC1 inhibition, and subsequent PP6 activation, causes a selective, rapid, nuclear accumulation of Hst4, which correlates with decreased histone acetylation. This increased Hst4 nuclear localization precedes an elevation in Hst4 protein expression, which is attributed to reduced protein turnover, suggesting that nutrient signaling through TORC1 may limit Hst4 nuclear accumulation to facilitate Hst4 degradation and maintain histone acetylation. This pathway is functionally relevant to TORC1 signaling since the stress sensitivity of a nonessential TORC1 mutant (tco89Δ) to hydroxyurea and arsenic can be reversed by combining tco89Δ with either hst3Δ, hst4Δ, or sit4Δ. Surprisingly, while hst3Δ or hst4Δ rescues the sensitivity tco89Δ has to low concentrations of the TORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, sit4Δ fails to do so. These results suggest Sit4 provides an additional function necessary for TORC1-dependent cell growth and proliferation. Collectively, this study defines a novel mechanism by which TORC1 suppresses a PP6-regulated sirtuin deacetylase pathway to couple nutrient signaling to epigenetic regulation.
Restriction of Retrotransposon Mobilization inSchizosaccharomyces pombeby Transcriptional Silencing and Higher-Order Chromatin Organization
Authors: Murton Heather E , Grady Patrick J R , Chan Tsun Ho , Cam Hugh P , Whitehall Simon K
Published: June 2016

Uncontrolled propagation of retrotransposons is potentially detrimental to host genome integrity. Therefore, cells have evolved surveillance mechanisms to restrict the mobility of these elements. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the Tf2 LTR retrotransposons are transcriptionally silenced and are also clustered in the nucleus into structures termed Tf bodies. Here we describe the impact of silencing and clustering on the mobility of an endogenous Tf2 element. Deletion of genes such as set1+ (histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase) or abp1+ (CENP-B homolog) that both alleviate silencing and clustering, result in a corresponding increase in mobilization. Furthermore, expression of constitutively active Sre1, a transcriptional activator of Tf2 elements, also alleviates clustering and induces mobilization. In contrast, clustering is not disrupted by loss of the HIRA histone chaperone, despite high levels of expression, and in this background, mobilization frequency is only marginally increased. Thus, mutations that compromise transcriptional silencing but not Tf bodies are insufficient to drive mobilization. Furthermore, analyses of mutant alleles that separate the transcriptional repression and clustering functions of Set1 are consistent with control of Tf2 propagation via a combination of silencing and spatial organization. Our results indicate that host surveillance mechanisms operate at multiple levels to restrict Tf2 retrotransposon mobilization.
Histological investigation on Ancyrocephalus paradoxus (Dactylogyridea: Ancyrocephalidae) infection causing mortalities in an intensively cultured pikeperch [Sander lucioperca (L.)] stock
Authors: Molnár Kálmán , Szilágyi Gábor , Mosonyi Gábor , Varga Ádám , Székely Csaba
Published: June 2016

In a cultured pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) stock the monopisthocotylean monogenean gill parasite Ancyrocephalus paradoxus caused heavy infection and mortalities. The gills of the affected fish specimens were infected by 50 to 800 monogenean parasites. Severe pathological changes were found in areas where the worms attached to the gills. At the attachment sites the haptoral discs of the worms formed a deep depression in the epithelium of the filaments, and the anchors pierced into and fixed themselves to the connective tissue of the cartilaginous gill rays. At these attachment sites red blood cells released from injured capillaries were found among the damaged epithelial cells. Around the hooks, anchors and body sections coming into contact with the gill filaments a proliferative tissue developed in which only a remnant of the damaged lamellae was found. Due to the damage caused by the worms the tips of the heavily infected gill filaments fused, formed clubs and were composed of epitheloid-type regeneration tissue lacking respiratory lamellae. In the basal parts of the filaments, where most of the worms attached to the gill, only denuded filaments deprived of lamellae were observed among the cross-sectioned worms in histological sections.
A Franciscan Friar’s Letter From The Crimea (1287)
Authors: Kovács Szilvia
Published: June 2016

From the second half of the 13th century, the Franciscan Order had played an important role in missionary activities in the Mongol Empire. The present paper investigates the Franciscans’ role based on a letter written in 1287 by a Franciscan friar from the Crimea (frater Ladizlaus custos de Gazma) in which he described the events of recent years. For example, he reported on the baptism of a certain “Yaylaq”, identified as a wife of Noghay, in the Crimea. In this paper, the historical background of this letter will be analysed with an emphasis on the relationship between the Franciscan order and the Golden Horde and the role of Yaylak Khatun’s conversion in this process.
Early Hungarian Information on the Beginning of the Western Campaign of Batu (1235–1242)
Authors: Hautala Roman
Published: June 2016

The author of this article examines the gradual accumulation of information in the Hungarian Kingdom about the Mongol Western Campaign and the corresponding propagation of this information in Western Europe. The primary information was brought to Europe by the Dominican friar Julian after his return from his travel to the Volga Magyars at the end of 1235. The letter of friar Julian written at the beginning of 1238 is replete with information about Mongol tactical warfare, previous military campaigns of Chingis Khan and Jochi, and the first Mongol conquest in the early stages of the Western Campaign of Batu. He also brought an oral report of the Prince of Vladimir on the Mongol plans to attack the Hungarian Kingdom. Soon the content of Julian’s letter became known in Western Europe. The Hungarian King Béla IV started to make preparations for the imminent Mongol invasion and attempted to organise resistance.
A pásztor és a szirének. Megjegyzések Apollónios Rhodios Butés-elbeszéléséhez (Arg. IV, 885–921)
Authors: Pataki Elvira
Published: June 2016

A tanulmány Apollónios Rhodios eposzának egy, a korábbi tradícióban sosem említett hőssel kapcsolatos elbeszélését vizsgálja. A férfielső pillantásra az Argonautika azon mellékszereplői közé tartozik, akik csupán lokális eredetmítoszok héros epónymosaiként kerülhetnek az elbeszélés felszínére, annak történeti, földrajzi hitelét erősítve. A Butés-elbeszélés valójában jóval több marginális alapítástörténetnél. Míg a férfineve pasztorális képzeteket ébreszt, alakja elválaszthatatlan Orpheusétól, s ez a kismítosz metapoetikus olvasatának lehetőségét eredményezi. Butés a Szirénekkel való találkozás során válik ideiglenes főszereplővé: a társait védő Orpheus különös hangokkal igyekszik túlharsogni a madárlányok énekét, azonban így sem képes megakadályozni, hogy a zene által rabul ejtett Butés ne vesse magát a vízbe, a Szirének felé igyekezve. A habokban elmerülő férfit Aphrodité menti meg s emeli maga mellé társistenként hegyi szentélyébe. A tanulmány az apollóniosi epizód és az annak elsődleges modelljét jelentő homérosi szirénjelenet kapcsolatának vizsgálata után további lehetséges előképek felkutatására vállalkozik. A Hésiodos óta az esztétikum szférájától való idegenséget megtestesítő pásztoralak zene általi megigézettségének gondolata, illetve a zenélő pásztor szerelmes istennő segítette apoteózisának motívuma lexikális egyezések alapján (egyebek mellett) a Theogonia avatásjelenetét és a homérosi Aphrodité-himnuszt idézheti, míg a pásztorfigura és a Szirének egymás mellé helyezése a Phaidros enthusiasmosszal kapcsolatos egyik helyét. Mindezek alapján Butés apollóniosi kismítosza a költészet és megismerés viszonyával kapcsolatos görög esztétikai gondolkodás néhány alapszövegének közvetett kommentárjaként is értelmezhető.
A Médeia-szerelem tragikus vonásai az Argonautika harmadik könyvében
Authors: Solymosi Benedek
Published: June 2016

Jelen tanulmányban az Apollónios Rhodios Argonautikájának harmadik könyvében ábrázolt Médeia- alak értelmezéséhez kívánunk újabb szemponttal hozzájárulni. Bemutatjuk és elemezzük a hősnőben fellángoló érzelem ábrázolására ható, a klasszikus attikai tragikus hagyományra, elsősorban Euripidésre viszszavezethető motívumokat. Az apollóniosi Médeia-kép lehetséges irodalmi előzményeinek körét Euripidés Phaidra-alakjával kívánjuk gyarapítani (Eur. Hipp. 373–524). Feltárjuk a két hősnőben lelki gyötrelmet okozó érzelem kialakulásának állomásait és mozgatóit, illetve kitérünk néhány további motívumra, melyek szintén erősítik a Hippolytos és az eposz kapcsolatát.
Blackberry and redberry production in crop and intercrop in Pouso Alegre, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Caproni Csaignon Mariano , Curi Paula Nogueira , Moura Pedro Henrique Abreu , Pio Rafael , Gonçalves Emerson Dias , Pasqual Moacir
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: The cultivation of mulberry ( Rubus sp.) is highly disseminated in cold climates, but some cultivars adapt to warm weather environments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the production of blackberry and redberry in season and off season in Pouso Alegre, south of Minas Gerais. The experimental design was a randomized block, with twelve cultivars ('Arapaho', 'Xavante', 'Brazos', 'Tupy' 'Comanche', 'Choctaw', 'Guarani', 'Caingangue', 'Cherokee', 'Chicasaw' and 'Clone' and a redberry, three blocks and an experimental unit of four plants with a spacing of 0.5x3.0m and a total density of 6,666 plants per hectare. Conventional pruning was performed to produce the crop (October-December) and for off-season production (April-July). In 'Brazos' there was increased production in the two seasons evaluated against other mulberry trees, conversely, in the off season, there was a positive effect of pruning carried out in January only in 'Tupy', 'Choctaw', 'Comanche' and 'Clone', with 'Tupy' presenting the highest productivity off season. In 'Brazos' and 'Tupy' there was the best balance between soluble solids and acidity in the crop and red berry in season. 'Brazos' and 'Cherokee' had the highest average content of total sugars. Due to the lack of supply of fruit, pruning mulberry trees in January is an alternative to increase the income of family-based farms.
Alterations in antioxidant metabolism in coffee leaves infected by Cercospora coffeicola
Authors: Andrade Camila Cristina Lage de , Vicentin Rayssa Pereira , Costa Josineide Rodrigues , Perina Fabiano José , Resende Mario Lúcio Vilela de , Alves Eduardo
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: Brown eye spot (BE) caused by Cercospora coffeicola is the main disease of coffee crop. A variation in symptoms of BE has been reported in the field, raising suspicion of occurrence of new species. However, information about coffee- C. coffeicola interaction is still limited. This research aimed to determine the difference between antioxidant metabolism of coffee plants cultivar Mundo Novo inoculated with a strain isolated from a common BE lesion (CML 2984) and a strain isolated from a black BE lesion (CML 2985). The enzyme activity of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined. Activities of POX, APX, and PAL increased in plants inoculated with both strains compared to non-inoculated plants at 12 and 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). CAT activity increased in inoculated plants with black BE strain at 24 hpi and both strains at 48 hpi. The SOD activity only increased in inoculated plants with both strains at 48 hpi. These results show that an elevated antioxidant response was observed when the plants were challenged with both strains of C. coffeicola. Both strains produced lesions of the common type, suggesting that other factors lead to the development of black BE lesion type under field conditions and further investigation is needed.
Lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits using an allogeneic free omental graft and omentum-derived mesenchymal cells associated with the canine amniotic membrane
Authors: Barros Séfora Vieira da Silva Gouvêa de , Aldrovani Marcela , Lacerda Luciana Cenço Correa de , Horr Mônica , Marinho Fábio Andrade , Lima Tiago Barbalho , Silveira Camila Pinho Balthazar da , Brito Fábio Luiz da Cunha , Bassaneze Vinícius , Flecher Mayra Cunha , Beltrame Renato Travassos , Nakamuta Juliana Sanajotti , Krieger José Eduardo , Laus José Luiz , Oliveira Krishna Duro de
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS A QUEDAS EM IDOSOS
Authors: Nascimento Janaína Santos , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a prevalência de quedas, nos últimos 12 meses, entre os idosos; comparar as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, de saúde e funcionais entre os idosos que tiveram quedas e aqueles que não as tiveram; e verificar os fatores associados a quedas em idosos. Inquérito domiciliar conduzido com 729 idosos da zona urbana de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A prevalência de quedas foi de 28,3%. A maior proporção entre os idosos que tiveram queda foi a do sexo feminino; com 80 anos ou mais; que apresentavam duas ou mais morbidades e usavam cinco ou mais medicamentos. As quedas estavam associadas ao sexo feminino; com idade de 80 anos ou mais e que apresentavam duas ou mais morbidades. O estudo reforça a necessidade de investimento na promoção da saúde e prevenção de morbidades, considerando que, dentre os preditores de quedas, somente a presença de comordidades é passível de intervenção do profissional de saúde.
TECNOLOGIAS EDUCATIVAS PARA PROMOÇÃO DA VACINAÇÃO CONTRA O PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Interaminense Iris Nayara da Conceição Souza , Oliveira Sheyla Costa de , Leal Luciana Pedrosa , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira , Pontes Cleide Maria
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar as tecnologias educativas construídas e/ou utilizadas para promoção da vacinação contra o Papilomavírus Humano. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, BDENF e Adolec, utilizando os descritores tecnologia, vacinação, Papilomavírus Humano, tecnologia educacional e educação em saúde. A amostra final foi de 11 artigos originais, publicados em língua inglesa. Destes, seis foram encontrados na PubMed; quatro eram de 2011 e oito foram desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Em mais da metade (6), o nível de evidência foi quatro e, de acordo com o rigor metodológico, quase todos (10) apresentaram nível A. O vídeo foi a tecnologia educativa mais citada (5), além de mensagens de dispositivos eletrônicos, páginas da internet, programa de computador, radionovela e materiais impressos. Futuras pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas para identificação de tecnologias, visando melhoria da adesão ao esquema vacinal contra o Papilomavírus Humano.
CULTURA DO TABACO VERSUS SAÚDE DOS FUMICULTORES
Authors: Cargnin Marcia Casaril dos Santos , Teixeira Carolina de Castilhos , Mantovani Vanessa Monteiro , Lucena Amália de Fátima , Echer Isabel Cristina
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Estudo com objetivo de identificar a associação entre a cultura de tabaco e a saúde de fumicultores. Estudo transversal, realizado em município do sul do Brasil. A coleta ocorreu em 2012 por inquérito domiciliar, por meio de entrevistas individuais e aplicação de dois instrumentos validados (Beck Depression Inventory e Escala de Fargerström). Procedeu-se análise estatística, utilizando-se regressão de Poisson para as associações. Participaram 100 fumicultores, 67,0% relataram sinais e sintomas relacionados à doença da folha verde do tabaco, 66,7% alterações na coluna, 25,0% doenças cardíacas, 25,0% respiratórias e 20,0% sintomas de depressão leve/moderada. Entre os fumantes, 64,7% declararam baixa dependência à nicotina. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre problemas de saúde e anos de cultura do tabaco (p=0,001). A produção do tabaco compromete a saúde dos fumicultores de diferentes formas. Existe a necessidade de medidas preventivas e educativas em saúde direcionadas aos fumicultores.
The effect of sleep apnea severity on cardiac autonomic activity during night time in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Ozkececi Gulay , Ulasli Sevinc Sarinc , Akci Onder , Avsar Alaettin , Unlu Mehmet , Onrat Ersel
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Impaired autonomic cardiac function is an important consequence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This impairment is mainly due to intermittent hypoxia episodes following apneas. However, the impact of apnea severity on autonomic cardiac function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the severity of sleep apnea and heart rate turbulence (HRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) in OSA. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Departments of Cardiology and Pulmonary Diseases, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey. METHODS: 106 patients with OSA and 27 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Based on apnea hypopnea index (AHI) values, obstructive sleep apnea severity was classified as follows: mild OSA (AHI ≥ 5 and < 15), moderate OSA (AHI ≥ 15 and ≤ 30) and severe OSA (AHI > 30). HRV and HRT parameters were assessed via 24-hour digital Holter electrocardiogram recordings for all subjects. RESULTS: HRV and HRT results were significantly lower among OSA patients than among control subjects (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in HRT and HRV between the three patient subgroups. Correlations did emerge between AHI and the NN-interval parameter RMSSD and between oxygen desaturation and turbulence slope (respectively: r = -0.22, P = 0.037; and r = -0.28, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: HRT and HRV results deteriorate in OSA. Correlations between apnea severity and these parameters seem to be present.
Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sousa Carolina Pereira da Cunha , Olinda Ricardo Alves de , Pedraza Dixis Figueroa
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Within the Brazilian nutritional panorama, coexistence of antagonistic nutritional disorders can be seen, especially the increasing prevalence of overweight and the persistence of significant rates of chronic malnutrition in vulnerable groups of the population. Because these are major public health problems, this study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a systematic review of prevalence studies, developed at the State University of Paraíba. METHODS: The SciELO, Lilacs and PubMed databases were searched for articles, using specific keywords. Articles published between 2006 and 2014 were selected. The review was conducted by two reviewers who worked independently. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, for which the studies were grouped within different epidemiological settings. RESULTS: Among the 33 articles recovered, 9 involved samples from daycare centers, 4 had samples from public healthcare services or social registers, 5 related to populations in situations of social inequity and 15 were population-based. Higher chances of stunting were found in populations in situations of social inequity and in those at public healthcare services or on social registers, in relation to reference populations. For overweight/obesity, none of the scenarios had a higher chance than the reference. CONCLUSION: Among Brazilian children, stunting continues to be a socially determined public health problem that mainly affects marginalized populations. This problem coexists with significant rates of overweight/obesity affecting all social groups.
Predictors for choosing the specialty of Family Medicine from undergraduate knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Ayuso-Raya María Candelaria , Escobar-Rabadán Francisco , López-Torres-Hidalgo Jesús , Montoya-Fernández Julio , Téllez-Lapeira Juan Manuel , Campa-Valera Francisco
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: A cold climate towards primary care (PC) within medical academia could form a barrier against choosing family medicine (FM) as a career option. This study was designed to determine whether medical students' knowledge of and attitudes towards FM predicted their career choice. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study conducted at two different medical schools. METHODS: After completing a PC course at the Albacete Medical School in 2005-2006, 81 second-year students were asked to give responses to a questionnaire. In their sixth year (2009-2010), 79 students in Albacete and 42 in Seville (taken as an unexposed cohort) were asked to give responses too. Their choice of specialty was investigated in 2011. RESULTS: In Albacete, the questionnaire was answered by 79 second-year and 76 sixth-year students; in Seville, it was answered by 26 sixth-year students. After completing the PC course, 69.3% said they would like to become a family doctor. This percentage decreased to 40.3% at the end of the undergraduate course (P < 0.0001). In the sixth year, the attitudes towards FM worsened, yet these were significantly more favorable than those in Seville. Only 12 students chose FM; they obtained significantly worse scores in their specialty selection examination than their peers (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the Albacete Medical School, the students' opinion about FM worsened over the undergraduate course, although it was still better than the Seville students' stance. In any case, FM was seen to be a minority option.
Paracoccidioidomycosis in the spine: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alvarenga José Alexandre Lopes da Silva , Martins Délio Eulálio , Kanas Michel , Elizeche Hugo Gustavo Kunzle , Dell'Aquila Adriana Macêdo , Fernandes Eloy De Avila , Wajchenberg Marcelo , Puertas Eduardo Barros
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic form of mycosis that spreads hematogenously, secondarily to reactivation of lung infection or infection at another site or to new exposure to the causative agent. Few cases of bone involvement have been reported in the literature and involvement of the spine is extremely rare. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a 68-year-old male patient with spondylodiscitis at the levels L4-L5 caused by presence of the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which was diagnosed through percutaneous biopsy. The patient was treated with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for 36 months, with complete resolution of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: Spondylodiscitis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is uncommon. However, in patients with chronic low-back pain who live or used to live in endemic regions, this infection should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.
Distribution and conservation of three important bird groups of the Atlantic Forest in north-east Brazil
Authors: Pereira G. A. , Araújo H. F. P. , Azevedo-Júnior S. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract The Pernambuco Endemism Center in north-east Brazil has the most fragmented forest cover and the largest number of threatened birds of the whole Atlantic Forest. We analyzed the distribution of three groups of bird species: forest-dependent, endemic and/or threatened using the interpolation method of Inverse Distance Weighting. We also checked the concentration of these birds in protected and unprotected areas, suggesting new sites that need to be protected. The richness concentration of forest-dependent, endemic and/or threatened birds in 123 sites were analysed. There was a greater concentration of the three groups in north Alagoas, south and north Pernambuco, and north and west Paraíba. The distribution of the three groups was almost regular in different vegetation types, although a lower concentration was found in the pioneer formation. There was a greater concentration of birds from all three groups between Pernambuco and Alagoas, and this must be due to the presence of more forest fragments with better structure and vegetation heterogeneity. The protected and unprotected areas hosted important records of endemic and/or threatened birds. We suggested some important places for implementation of new protected areas due to the larger concentrations of the target birds and because they are located within the boundaries of the Important Bird Areas.
Actividad física de adolescentes: implicación de sustancias nocivas, modalidad practicada y familia
Authors: González José Ignacio Álvaro , Ortega Félix Zurita , Garófano Virginia Viciana , Martínez Asunción Martínez , Sánchez Susana García , Díaz Manuel Estévez
Published: June 2016

Resumen Los objetivos de la investigación fueron: determinar los niveles de práctica de actividad física en adolescentes, consumo de tabaco y alcohol como fenómeno social, establecer qué tipo de actividad y nivel federativo y dictaminar el nivel de AF en los progenitores; y apreciar cómo influye en la práctica de actividad física regular, el consumo de sustancias, el tipo de deporte practicado y el nivel de práctica de padres y madres. Participaronun total de 2.134 adolescentes, empleándose una hoja de autoregistro para las variables: Práctica de AF, Modalidad, Estado Federativo y Nivel de Actividad Física Familiar; el FTND para determinar elConsumo de Tabacoy el AUDIT para elConsumo de Alcohol.Los principales resultados indican que los adolescentes que practican actividad física no consumen habitualmente sustancias nocivas, están influenciadospor parámetros familiares, realizanen mayor medida deportes de tipo colectivo y están federados en ellos.
CÁLCULO EM MATEMÁTICA: UM ASSUNTO PARA O ENSINO EM GERAL OU ESPECÍFICO PARA O ENSINO TÉCNICO
Authors: Silva Everaldo Paulo da , Schubring Gert
Published: June 2016

Resumo No âmbito deste texto o nosso objetivo é seguir o caminho de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral na educação geral/ensino secundário e da educação profissional/ensino técnico no Brasil. Para realizar essa tarefa traçou-se um panorama histórico do século 20, tendo como ponto de partida a Conferência Internacional sobre o Ensino de Matemática de Paris, em 1914, a legislação brasileira e os contextos políticos e econômicos que, por vezes, influenciaram a inclusão ou a extinção do Cálculo dos programas nacionais, e também acompanhar a trajetória do Cálculo na disciplina Matemática desde Escola Técnica Federal de São Paulo até sua transformação em Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica, onde foi implantado, pela primeira vez, o ensino médio.
CANTO ORFEÔNICO E HISTÓRIA DA PEDAGOGIA MUSICAL: ANÁLISE DAS AULAS DE CANTO ORFEÔNICO DE JUDITH MORISSON ALMEIDA
Authors: Rajobac Raimundo
Published: June 2016

Resumo Este texto tem como objetivo desenvolver um diálogo com a histórica da Pedagogia Musical brasileira, tanto na perspectiva da recuperação de momentos históricos determinantes, quanto na perspectiva interpretativa que se faz possível ao lançarmos mão da materialidade histórica da educação que, dentre outras possibilidades, pode ser encontrada nos manuais didáticos. Tomaremos como objeto de investigação o livro Aulas de canto orfeônico para as quatro séries do curso ginasial (1951) de Judith Morisson Almeida, buscando destacar sua proposta pedagógica no que diz respeito ao trabalho com o canto orfeônico, bem como a relação que a mesma manteve com a tendência pedagógica escolanovista e o contexto sociopolítico da época.
Development of Brazilian prototypes for short-term psychotherapies
Authors: Serralta Fernanda Barcellos , Ablon John Stuart
Published: June 2016

Abstract Introduction: The Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) prototype method is used to measure the extent to which ideal processes of different psychotherapies are present in real cases, allowing researchers to examine how adherence to these models relates to or predicts change. Results from studies of short-term psychotherapies suggest that the original psychodynamic prototype is more suitable for studying psychoanalysis and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy than its time-limited counterparts. Furthermore, culture probably influences how therapies are typically conducted in a given country. Therefore, it seems appropriate to develop Brazilian prototypes on which to base studies of short-term psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral processes in this country. Objective: To develop prototypes for studying processes of short-term psychotherapies and to examine the degree of adherence of two real psychotherapy cases to these models. Methods: Expert clinicians used the PQS to rate a hypothetical ideal session of either short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Ratings were submitted to Q-type factor analysis to confirm the two groups. Regressive factor scores were rank ordered to describe the prototypes. These ideal models were correlated with ratings of actual therapy processes in two complete psychotherapy cases, one STPP and the other CBT. Results: Agreement levels between expert ratings were high and the two ideal models were confirmed. As expected, the PQS ratings for actual STPP and CBT cases had significant correlations with their respective ideal models, but the STPP case also adhered to the CBT prototype. Conclusion: Overall, the findings reveal the adequacy of the prototypes for time-limited therapies, providing initial support of their validity.
Assessment of dependence and anxiety among benzodiazepine users in a provincial municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Schallemberger Janaína Barden , Colet Christiane de Fátima
Published: June 2016

Abstract Introduction: Benzodiazepines are among the most prescribed drugs for anxiety and one of the most used drug classes in the world and have a high potential for addiction. The objective of this study was to assess levels of dependence and anxiety among users of these drugs in the public health system. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. Benzodiazepine users treated on the public health system were selected. Anxiety levels were assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and dependency with the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire. Results: Benzodiazepine use was higher among women and in older age groups. Duration of benzodiazepine use was greater than 1 year for all respondents. The dependence assessment indicated that more than half of users were dependent on taking benzodiazepines and most had a severe degree of anxiety. Conclusion: This study found evidence of prolonged and inappropriate use of benzodiazepines. It is necessary to educate users about the risks of these drugs and to develop strategies to rationalize use of these drugs by working with prescribers and dispensers.
Spontaneous seizures after ECT in a patient medicated with bupropion, sertraline and risperidone
Authors: Doellinger Orlando von , Ribeiro João Pedro , Ribeiro Ângela , Freitas Catarina , Ribeiro Bruno , Silva João Coelho
Published: June 2016

Abstract Objective: To report a case of post-electroconvulsive therapy spontaneous seizures in a patient medicated with sertraline, bupropion and risperidone. Case description: A 53-year-old woman with recurrent major depression was admitted to our psychiatry department for a major depressive episode of 6 weeks' duration, with psychotic symptoms. She was already on 200 mg/day of sertraline and 2 mg/day of risperidone. After 8 weeks on 200 mg/day of sertraline, 4 mg/day of risperidone and slow release bupropion (titrated to 300 mg/day), with no objective improvements, the decision was taken to initiate a course of 8-10 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sessions. Two days after the first treatment, three generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred within 6 hours. Phenytoin and sodium valproate were added to the patient's daily medication and no further spontaneous seizures were observed. After neurologic assessment and discussion of the case, phenytoin and bupropion were withdrawn at once (two days after the spontaneous seizures) and the decision was taken to resume the ECT treatment. No further spontaneous seizures occurred and, at discharge, the patient exhibited significant improvements and was free from major depressive symptoms. Comments: This report illustrates a case of post-ECT spontaneous seizures that might have been due to a specific pharmacological etiological pathway, namely, bupropion's proconvulsive properties, although both sertraline and risperidone also lower the convulsive threshold.
Lutas por reconhecimento e vontade de poder: uma afinidade entre Hegel e Nietzsche?
Authors: Constâncio João
Published: June 2016

Resumo O artigo é uma tentativa de explorar a hipótese controversa de que possa haver uma profunda afinidade - até agora não identificada - entre a concepção de "luta por reconhecimento" [Kampf um Anerkennung] em Hegel e a concepção da dinâmica da "vontade de poder" [Wille zur Macht] em Nietzsche. Esta hipótese diz respeito ao modo como a luta e a dominação estão implícitas na noção hegeliana de reconhecimento, isto é: diz respeito à dinâmica intersubjetiva das formas falhadas de reconhecimento. A luta e a dominação (bem como a violência) são conceitos fundamentais na concepção do reconhecimento em Hegel - mas, ainda assim, conceitos meramente operacionais na obra de Hegel, enquanto em Nietzsche se tornam temáticos, porque o conceito de "poder" se torna temático. O que o artigo procura mostrar é que a hipótese nietzschiana da "vontade de poder" é relevante no debate contemporâneo sobre "reconhecimento e poder" porque permite uma descrição adequada das dinâmicas intersubjetivas em que o reconhecimento recíproco não é alcançado e o que subsiste nelas são relações de luta e dominação, ou seja, vontade de poder qua vontade de dominação. Mas isso só é assim porque a hipótese nietzschiana da "vontade de poder" implica uma "doutrina dos afetos" e, por isso, uma concepção de "poder" [Macht] em termos de "ação à distância", i.e. de influência intersubjetiva mediada por percepções, interpretações e perspectivas. Esta concepção de "poder" implica atribuir ao desejo e à vontade humanas uma natureza "recognitiva", e está longe de implicar a dissolução das relações de poder em processos transsubjetivos de dominação. Daí a afinidade entre Hegel e Nietzsche que o artigo procura evidenciar.
Descrição comparativa versus Fundamentação: o quinto capítulo de Para Além de Bem e Mal: "Contribuição à história natural da moral"
Authors: Brusotti Marco
Published: June 2016

Resumo Para além de bem e mal, sobretudo o quinto livro, é um texto chave no que diz respeito ao programa nietzschiano de uma "história natural da moral". Em oposição ao projeto de fundamentação da moral que caracterizou a suposta ciência da moral até então, Nietzsche propõe ali, por um lado, um trabalho de reunião de material etnográfico e histórico, realizado a partir de uma análise comparativa das diversas morais, e, por outro, a elaboração de uma tipologia da moral capaz de nos revelar as configurações mais assíduas e recorrentes nos diversos sistemas morais. O que norteia esse programa de renovação da ciência da moral é a ideia de que é preciso retraduzir o homem de volta à natureza, de modo que as diversas configurações morais, heterogêneas e historicamente situadas, poderiam ser interpretadas psicologicamente: elas são uma semiótica dos afetos. Nesse sentido, aspectos psicológicos e histórico-naturais convergem em torno de um tema central: a moral do rebanho e os instintos que nela se expressam. A essa moral Nietzsche contrapõe seu problemático projeto de disciplinação e cultivo de um tipo superior.
Maintenance of quality of Dalbergia nigra Vell. all. ex. Benth seeds during storage by sodium nitroprusside
Authors: Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Flores Andressa Vasconcelos , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira
Published: June 2016

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a compound that participates in vegetable physiologic processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the physiologic and biochemical responses of Dalbergia nigra (bahia rosewood) seeds under storage in different environmental conditions. Seeds recently collected were stored in cold chamber (5 ºC and 60% relative humidity, RH) or in two desiccators at 20 ºC: 55 and 93% RH for four months. Every month of storage seed samples were taken and imbibed in SNP solution at 10-4M concentration for 48 hours or in water. The germination percentage, electric conductivity, lipid peroxidation and catalase enzyme activity were evaluated. Seeds of bahia rosewood stored in cold chamber at 55% RH maintained physiologic quality, while seeds imbibed in SNP reduced the membrane permeability, decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing catalase activity. Seeds kept under 93% RH deteriorated quickly, and SNP was not efficient in revert the seed degradation. It was concluded that nitric oxide maintain the quality of seeds stored in cold chamber and at 20 ºC and 55% RH, by maintaining membrane integrity and stimulating catalase activity.