bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مفهوم الجهاد في الاسلام ودور المرجعية الرشيدة في الدعوة اليه للدفاع عن الوطن
Authors: جبر عهود , عبد الصاحب حوراء
Published: August 2023

يعد الجهاد ركنا من أركان الدين الاسلامي الحنيف ، وقد فرض الجهاد على المسلمين بعد ان تعرضوا للتهديد من قبل اعدائهم من المشركين الذين كانوا يخططون للقضاء على الاسلام والمسلمين ، و لم  يترك الكفار النبي ومن معه في حالهم وانما كانوا يحيكون المؤامرات والمكائد لإيذاء النبي والمسلمين من المهاجرين والانصار .وكان لابد من اتخاذ موقف حتمي  قتال قريش  فكانت أولى الخطوات القتالية التي يمكن للمسلمين أن يتخذوها بعد ما رأوه من تعذيب ونهب ومصادرة أموال، هو مهاجمة القوافل التجارية التابعة لقريش والمتجهة إلى بلاد الشام، وكانت هذه البداية.

 فكان النصر لهم . ولولا جهاد المسلمين  لما فرضوا هيبتهم ولم ينتشر الاسلام .

وكان من اسباب هذا النصر الايمان الحقيقي الذي ملأ قلوب المسلمين ، إيمانهم بدينهم وبنبيهم الكريم .

ومنذ ذلك الوقت والمسلمون جاهزون للدفاع عن الارض والعرض ، فكانت فتوى المرجعية في ثورة العشرين ،  وقد ناضل الشعب  الاستعمار واتخذ من مرجعيته الروحية والدينية مرشدا وموجها للمضي في مقاومة الاحتلال ، وكان لهم الدور المشرف في استنهاض الهمم وحشد الناس في مقاومة الاحتلال البريطاني الذي كان يمتلك القوة والسلاح .

وها هو التاريخ يعيد نفسه بدعوة السيد السيستاني الى فتوى الجهاد ضد تنظيمات داعش

التي عاثت في الارض فسادا ، وقد لبى العراقيون مثلما  لبى اجدادهم فاستجابوا لنداء المرجعية الرشيدة ، مضحين بأرواحهم الطاهرة ودمائهم الزكية .

وبعد هذه المقدمة  أود ان أبين الخطة التي اتبعتها في البحث مبينة في المبحث الاول :

مفهوم  الجهاد في الاسلام .

وقد تناول المبحث الثاني :ضوابط الجهاد وأحكامه . 

أما المبحث الثالث:  فقد ركز على فتوى السيد السيستاني ، أسباب الفتوى ، نتائجها . 

وقد انتهى البحث الى النتائج التي توصل اليها .
سيرة شهداء الحشد الشعبي دروس وعبر شهداء المثنى إنموذجاً
Authors: منشد سلام , المرشدي مها
Published: August 2023

يعيش العراق عقود من المآسي والفوضى، وهو من بين أكثر دول المنطقة العربية التي تعاني من التدخلات الخارجية بسبب أهمية موقعها الجيوسياسي، فأصبح مقصد التنظيمات الارهابية المسلحة على اختلاف انواعها وأهدافها ومصادرها، وفي الوقت الذي أخفقت فيه تحالفات دولية كبيرة في القضاء على تنظيم داعش المتمركز في أرض وطننا العراق؛ تكّون الحشد الشعبي أستجابة لفتوى أطلقها المرجع الشيعي الاعلى في العراق السيد علي السيستاني بعنوان(الجهاد الكفائي)، والتي تدعو المدنيين الاكفّاء الى حمل السلاح والتطوع في صفوف الجيش العراقي، لمحاربة التنظيم الداعشي الذي كان قد أحكم سيطرته على الموصل ثاني أكبر المدن العراقية، وقام بأرتكاب سلسلة من الجرائم والقتل والتخريب، وقد بلغ عدد المتطوعين فعلياً من أبناء محافظة المثنى في قطعات الحشد الشعبي حتى مدة  الدراسة بـ( 9000 آلاف) جندي متطوع، موزعين على جميع ألوية الحشد الشعبي، وبكافة قواطع العمليات في المنطقة الغربية وكركوك وجرف الصخر وبغداد.

تسعى هذه الورقة التحليلية الى دراسة مدى فاعلية التحولات السياسية والفكرية والتنظيمية في الاسهام ببناء القاعدة الشعبية والهوية الوطنية للحشد الشعبي المقدس، الذي لم يكن ظهوره بهذه التركيبة الجماهيرية المتنوعة دينياً ومذهبياً وقومياً مفاجئاً وبعيداً عن الواقع العراقي وتاريخه المجيد، بقدر ما هو تعبير عن حاجة مصيرية وضرورة إستراتيجية وطنية لحماية الأمن الوطني العراقي، ومنهج دين الإسلام المعتدل البعيد عن التطرف. كما تهدف الدراسة الى مدى تأثير فتوى الجهاد الكفائي على  تنظيم الحشد الشعبي المقدس، وتتبع مسار النشأة والتكوين الاجتماعي للحشد في محافظة المثنى، وآلية عمله الجهادي منذ تأسيسه عام 2014م، ومدى تأثير فكرة الحشد الشعبي في توحيد مجتمع محافظة المثنى بجميع فئاته من كبار السن والنساء وحتى الاطفال في دعم وحدة المصير والهدف في ملحمة بطولية ورابطة جهادية تجسدت في احصائية متكاملة تضمنتها هذه الورقة التحليلية لسيرة وتراجم شهداء الحشد الشعبي من ابناء محافظة المثنى التي سالت دمائهم في المعارك البطولية التي خاضوها بحزم وإصرار في تحرير المدن العراقية من سيطرة تنظيم داعش الإرهابي، والذي بلغ عددهم المسجل رسمياً في مؤسسة الشهداء في محافظة المثنى(482)، وعدد الجرحى بـ (1830) جريح، اما عدد الشهداء المسجلين في هيئة الحشد الشعبي في المحافظة فيقدَر بـ ( 538)، وعدد الجرحى بـ(1830). وفي ظل هذا العدد الكبير من الشهداء والجرحى تحاول الدراسة تسليط الضوء على بطولات البعض منهم، ورسم صورة جهادهم النضالي من خلال هذه الاسطر. أستندت منهجية إعداد هذه الورقة على مراجعة وتحليل مجموعة من الدراسات والتقارير البحثية المتعلقة بالحشد الشعبي، ورصد الخطاب الاعلامي للمؤسسة الدينية العليا في النجف الاشرف، كما عقد الباحثان مجموعة من المقابلات مع قيادات شبابية من ممثلي المرجعية الدينية في المحافظة ومتطوعي الحشد الشعبي، وموظفين حكوميين.
TÉCNICAS DE REPRODUÇÃO ASSISTIDA APLICADAS A INDIVÍDUOS COM DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENDOMETRIOSE E INFERTILIDADE
Authors: Nery Rebeca Ferreira , Freitas Taysa Lorena Pereira de , Monteiro Tiago Araújo , Mendes Alan Eduardo Seglin , Gontijo Mariana Scapellato , Lima Aliathar Gibson Tavares de , Martins Luana Priscila Diniz , Marins Lucas Gonçalves de , Silva Iago Gouvea do Carmo e , Rodrigues Lucas Campos , Silva Hiasmin Aparecida Gomes
Published: August 2023

A endometriose é uma condição caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial fora do útero, formando lesões nos tecidos peritoneais, profundos e cistos ovarianos. Essas lesões induzem uma resposta inflamatória crônica que resulta em dor e dificuldades de concepção. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conduzir uma análise abrangente da literatura sobre a infertilidade feminina decorrente da endometriose, além de descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da doença, bem como sua relação e possíveis contribuições para a infertilidade nas mulheres afetadas por essa condição. Este estudo em foco é uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cujo objetivo central é empregar abordagens metodológicas que identifiquem, selecionem e consolidem resultados pertinentes a uma área específica de conhecimento. No contexto deste trabalho, optaremos pela estratégia PICo (conforme ilustrado no Quadro 1) para formular a pergunta direcionadora: "Quais são as principais abordagens das técnicas de reprodução assistida utilizadas em indivíduos diagnosticados com endometriose e infertilidade?". Há uma ampla gama de inovações em tecnologias de reprodução assistida foi examinada, com ênfase no impacto dessas inovações na abordagem da infertilidade. Em conclusão, a revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tema da infertilidade e técnicas de reprodução assistida revelou uma gama diversificada de informações que abrangem desde os avanços científicos até os desafios emocionais e éticos enfrentados por casais e indivíduos nessa jornada. A análise cuidadosa dos artigos selecionados permitiu uma compreensão mais profunda das implicações clínicas, psicossociais e éticas associadas à utilização dessas tecnologias.
বাংলাদেশের লোক-প্রশাসন প্রশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্রের গবেষণা কার্যক্রম
Authors: আহসান ডঃ ইকরামুল
Published: August 2023

নাই
উন্নয়ন প্রশাসনের লক্ষ্য এবং পন্থা
Authors: খান কঙ্কা জামিল
Published: August 2023

নাই
বাংলাদেশের কাঠামোগত পুনর্বিন্যাসে বাণিজ্যনীতির ভূমিকা
Authors: আক্কাস এস, এম, আলী
Published: August 2023

নাই
অফিস ব্যবস্থাপনা
Authors: বালা হীরালাল
Published: August 2023

নাই
The Sciology of Organization Theory
Authors: Huda A.T.M Shamsul
Published: August 2023

নাই
Mobalization of Rural Savings in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Mohammad H.
Published: August 2023

নাই
¿Qué tanto incide la gobernanza local en el desarrollo sustentable? Estudio de caso de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Martínez Olivera Christian , Miguel Velasco Andrés Enrique , Castillo Maricela , Ojeda Aquino María Soledad
Published: August 2023

En el artículo se analiza el nivel de relación existente entre la gobernanza local y el desarrollo sustentable de 17 ciudades de Oaxaca, México durante el periodo 2000-2020. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa a través del diseño de índices estructurados con información de instituciones gubernamentales; además, partió del supuesto de que, del año 2000 al 2020, la gobernanza local tuvo un efecto positivo y significativo en el desarrollo sustentable de las ciudades analizadas. Para la comprobación de la hipótesis se aplicaron métodos de estadística descriptiva y de regresión y se obtuvo una alta asociación entre ambas variables analizadas, lo cual demostró que la gobernanza local influye de manera considerable y positiva en el desarrollo sustentable de las ciudades. Esta información es valiosa a nivel local en la toma de decisiones y en el diseño de políticas públicas con enfoque sustentable que tengan como eje rector la planificación territorial a través de una adecuada gobernanza local.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF DISTRIBUTION BY THE EXAMPLE OF SOME INDICATORS OF THE VALUE SYSTEM OF RUSSIAN YOUTH
Authors:   Doctor of Economics Sciences, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Tula Branch), Tula, Russia, Zhukov Roman A. , Prokopchina Svetlana V. ,   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of identifying the type of distribution for the information of questionnaire surveys. The methodological complexity of such a task lies in the fact that the data are essentially unique experiments, for the processing of which it is impossible to use the methods of mathematical statistics. Identification of the distribution type is carried out on the basis of Bayesian intelligent technologies using the Pearson system, according to the methodology developed by one of the authors in the 70s of the last century. The technique has been successfully applied to identification of law distribution in the situations with small samples and under the conditions of considerable uncertainty of information. But for the task of questionnaire data processing this approach is used for the first time. This makes it possible to generate samples of any size according to the obtained distribution law and use them for processing by powerful methods of mathematical statistics. The article provides an example of its successful application to determine the laws of the distribution of indicators of the model of the value world of Russian youth, according to information obtained on the basis of the results of a survey of young people aged 17 to 30 years in 10 subjects of the Russian Federation.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS OF BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERACTION BASED ON THE STABLE DIFFUSION MODEL
Authors:   Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Shchetinin Eugene Yu.
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates neurotechnologies for developing braincomputer interaction (BCI) based on the generative deep learning Stable Diffusion model. An algorithm for modeling BCI is proposed, its training and testing on artificial data are described. The results are encouraging for researchers and can be used in various areas of BCI, such as distance learning, remote medicine, etc.
STRUCTURAL SPECIFICITIES OF THE HOUSING STOCK IN THE 15 REPUBLICS OF THE USSR BY MAIN OWNERSHIP TYPE
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Federal Center of Theoretical & Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pilipenko Igor V. ,   Institute for Competitiveness and Integration (RICI), Moscow Russia
Published: August 2023

The article considers the structure and dynamics of the housing stock in the 15 Republics of the USSR, subdivided by geographical location into five macroregions, based on a dataset compiled by the author from more than 120 statistical yearbooks of the USSR and the Union Republics. Employing such indicators as housing stock total floor space in urban settlements from 1960 to 1990, in rural areas and in the Republics overall from 1980 to 1990, we analysed the evolution of the ratio of the socialised housing stock, which included the state and public housing stock as well as the housing cooperatives’ stock, and the individually-owned housing stock that until recently has been often overlooked in the contemporary Russian-language literature devoted to the housing sector of the USSR. The article reveals that in nine out of 15 Union Republics the individually-owned housing stock prevailed by total floor space during the 1980s. And taking into account the housing stock of housing construction cooperatives, construction of 30 per cent of the housing stock of the RSFSR to 74 per cent of the housing stock in the Georgian SSR by the year of 1990 was financed by the population. The ratio of the socialised housing stock and the individually-owned one was affected by the proportion between the urban and rural housing stock, which, in turn, was determined by the level of urbanisation in the Union Republics.
THE QUALITY OF SERVICE AT THE CATERING COMPANY
Authors:   Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Kaluga, Russia, Chausov Nikolay Yu. , Vlasenkov Alexey A. ,   Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Kaluga, Russia
Published: August 2023

This article examines the features of the quality of service at a catering company. The key criteria and methods of quality management are analyzed. The factors and conditions affecting the competitiveness of the restaurant business enterprise, as well as the level of satisfaction of its visitors, are considered. The assessment of the level of customer satisfaction of the Osteria restaurant with the quality of its main activity was carried out. The conclusions concerning the current positive and negative aspects present in the activities of the catering enterprise are summarized and presented, possible directions for eliminating the identified shortcomings are proposed.
Assessing the impact of fast-track drug registration by Anvisa in Brazil: A descriptive study of new drug registrations from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Borin Marcus Carvalho , Barbosa Mariana Michel , Pereira Camila Oliveira , Martins Carina Rejane , dos Reis Daniel Pitchon , Coelho Ribeiro Geraldo José , Tupinambás Júlia Teixeira , Castro Zocrato Karina de , Almeida Carvalho Lélia Maria de , de Freitas Arcela Pinto , Cruvinel Horta Maria da Glória , Torres Talim Mariza Cristina , de Azevedo Ernesto Gomes , Loureiro Bersan Sergio Adriano , Bruschi Kelles Silvana Marcia
Published: August 2023

Prompt release of novel pharmaceuticals is very much sought after during critical circumstances to aid patients and society in need. Nonetheless, the expeditious availability of these medications may jeopardize the well-structured investigations and observations. To tackle this concern, regulatory agencies globally have implemented expedited registration procedures. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) has likewise implemented an expedited registration process to cater to patients who cannot afford to wait. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of Anvisa’s accelerated drug registration on the challenging regulatory environment in Brazil. Data pertaining to medications registered by Anvisa from 2017 to 2022 through the expedited process were procured from the Federal Government’s transparency portal and the medication consultation portal. The registration of novel drugs by Anvisa through both standard and expedited processes during this timeframe was analyzed. The introduction of the accelerated registration regulation by Anvisa in 2017 led to a substantial rise in registration requests utilizing this regulatory modality. Furthermore, the data concerning drug registration through all channels unveiled a noteworthy reduction in average response time. Despite concerns pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of drugs registered through the expedited process, often reliant on Phase II studies, the utilization of this process is on the rise worldwide, including in Brazil. To ensure the sustainability of health-care systems, it may be advantageous to implement provisional registration in conjunction with subsequent evaluation through real-world studies and financing based on risk-sharing agreements. In conclusion, the accelerated drug registration process implemented by Anvisa in Brazil has exhibited promising results in terms of reduced response times. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and safety of drugs registered through this process necessitate meticulous evaluation. The implementation of provisional registration and the integration of real-world studies, alongside managed entry agreements, could offer a sustainable alternative for health-care systems.
Correlation of Cohesion and Friction Angle Based on SPT-N Values: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Osman Bashir H.
Published: August 2023

Soil parameters such as physical, chemical, and strength parameters play an important issue to classify the soil. Cohesion and friction angle are an important factor to understand the nature of the soil. Furthermore, standard Penetration Test (SPT) is one of the most common tests in the field and used to determine the strength of soil in the field prior laboratory tests. The variation in the properties of the soil in different regions, give differ values when using the standard methods, formulas, and correlations. In this paper, an overview of the methods and guidelines currently available in the scientific literature for evaluating the strength capacity of the soil, is reported. Further, important practical issues which contribute in the soil strength in different regions based on cohesion and friction angle used SPT are discussed. Moreover, the correlation results from the standard penetration test compared with those from cohesion and friction angle based on samples number and regions. Finally, the paper mentions the famous correlation in this domain and others from the standard code at USA, Jordan, Japan and UK. The compared results using guides from these standards showed big different, which let us to recommend that, these standards are not suitable for soil strength calculations due to different in the soil parameters from region to other.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Constant Head Double Ring Infiltrometer at H.S.T.U.
Authors: Fahmida Maisha
Published: August 2023

An indication of soil that allows water to penetrate into the soil profile is infiltration. Increased ground water recharge is aided by increased filtering rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the soils' infiltration qualities in H.S.T.U. With a constant water head double ring infiltrometer with inner ring of 15 cm, outer ring of 30 cm, and a height of 27 cm was designed. To assess soil texture class, electrical conductivity, pH, and moisture content, soil samples were taken using an auger at a depth ranging from 0 to 15 cm from 5 different chosen locations. Infiltration rates were discovered utilizing a constant head double ring infiltrometer to be 17.53 mm/hr, 13.53 mm/hr, 21.34 mm/hr, 22.4 mm/hr, and 16.21 mm/hr. Sand was present in proportions of 61.2%, 54.2%, 63.2%, 67.2%, and 55.2%. The highest percentage of sand was discovered in location L-4. The percentage of silt was found 26.4%, 26.4%, 20.4%, 22.4% and 34.4% accordingly. 12.4%, 14.4%, 11.4%, 10.4%, and 10.4% of the total weight was clay, respectively. The percentage of water content in soil at five different places was 14.74%, 14.12%, 14.62%, 8.62%, and 11.6%, respectively. The findings show that the research field contains the highest percentage of sand and that the penetration rate is also the highest there. Also, showed a proportionate association between infiltration rate and percentage of sand and a negatively proportional relationship with silt, clay particles, and soil moisture content. The average soil infiltration rate for the HSTU campus area was 18.202 mm/hr.
Advancing cane-quality management in the South African smallholder-farmer sector through participatory on-farm demonstration and knowledge exchange
Authors: Heerden P.D.R. van , Ramusandiwa T.D. , Chonco B. , Shelembe W.L. , Hlela S.N. , Gillespie W.A. , Mkhabela N.E. , Buthelezi M.E.M. , Masondo R.T.
Published: August 2023

Cane-quality management involving chemical ripening is an important component of profitable sugarcane production by large-scale commercial farmers in South Africa. For smallholder farmers (SHFs), however, sugarcane field size and adjacent alternative land-uses render conventional aerial crop-spraying methods unsuitable. The recent availability of spraying drones has created opportunities for chemical ripening to be introduced to the smallholder farmer sector. A network of demonstration trials based on strong partnerships of researchers, extension specialists and smallholder farmers, and participation by various industry stakeholders was established in 11 smallholder farmer regions. Knowledge exchange in each region involved an initial stakeholder engagement workshop, a series of practical field days during the execution of the trial, and post-trial information sharing events. The initial workshops were aimed at creating project awareness, defining the relative advantage that ripening with drones could deliver, identifying negative perceptions and potential barriers that might hinder adoption, and reaching consensus on trial methodology. Field days were focused on demonstrating the processes of maturity assessment to establish the need for chemical ripening and applying a ripener with a drone to parts of the fields. At the same time, control portions were left untreated, and assessing the efficacy of ripening benefits and harvest readiness. These demonstrations illustrated the judicious use of agrochemicals by only spraying fields suited to ripening. In-field estimates of cane yield and cane quality in the ripened and control treatments shortly before harvest, and in some cases, field production data from the sugar factories, revealed a range of improvements in recoverable crystal (ERC) due to ripening that was influenced by location and sugarcane cultivar. Although the SHFs expressed genuine interest in chemically ripening their crops with spraying drones, industry challenges will need to be addressed prior to wider adoption.
Design and Analysis of the Low Bend Losses 2D Photonic Crystal Fiber-based Rhombic Ring Resonator for Magnetic Field Sensor
Authors: Roy Aashis S , Parveen Ameena , Ansari Juhi Nishat
Published: August 2023

We designed and analyzed a magnetic field sensor with low bend losses 2D photonic crystal fiber based on a rhombic ring resonator. The proposed design consists of silicon rods with a diameter of 200 nm in the X and Z directions, which are 61 × 61 silicon rods. The Refractive Index (RI) of silicon is n = 3.48 at λ = 1.55 mm and the number of air holes along the direction is 33 × 33. It was found that the photonic crystal fibers used the photonic band gap phenomenon to guide light but rather an area of the fiber core with a lower refractive index of 0.9 nm. It is important to note that there are low bend losses in 2D photonic crystal fibers, enabling response to small changes in the magnetic fluid viscosity, refractive index, and other physical parameters. The flow of electromagnetic energy, indicated by the Poynting vector (s), indicates that the magnitude of the power carrier per unit area in the direction of S is approximately 1.23 W/m2.
Über einen unveröffentlichten Text aus dem Nachlass von Rose Ausländer
Authors: Matiychuk Oxana
Published: August 2023

Der Text von Rose Ausländer Mich betreffend stammt aus einem Privatbesitz und war bisher unveröffentlicht. Bei der Handschrift, die mir vorliegt, handelt es sich höchstwahrscheinlich um einen Durchschlag (Ausländer verwendete oft Kohlepapier, um von ihren
Texten gleich welcher Art mehrere Kopien zu machen), der nachträglich mit einem blauen Stift bearbeitet wurde. Erworben wurde sie von Christian Hinderer aus Heilbronn, dem pensionierten Bankangestellten, der eine große Affinität zur Literatur und zur Bukowina hat. Auf der Suche
nach dem Band Gesammelte Gedichte von Rose Ausländer gelangte er 2019 an einen Privatverkäufer, der zu dem Buch noch 5 Seiten (DIN A 5) Handschriftliches von der Autorin anbot. Bei einer persönlichen Begegnung 2021 entschloss er sich, dieses Fundstück mir zu schenken.
Als eine glückliche Besitzerin eines unveröffentlichten Textes der Autorin, mit deren Werk und Leben ich mich jahrelang beschäftige, wollte ich ursprünglich eine zweisprachige Publikation, ergänzt mit einer textgenetischen Analyse von ausgewählten Gedichten machen.
Doch der russische Angriffskrieg und die Veränderung in meiner Tätigkeit haben alle Pläne erst einmal aufs Eis gelegt.
Michel Friedman: Fremd. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2022, 176 S. ISBN 978-3-8270-1461-0.
Authors: Dallapiazza Michael
Published: August 2023

Außerhalb Deutschlands (und Israels) ist Michel Friedman weitgehend unbekannt, auch wenn er von 2001 bis 2003 Präsident des Europäischen Jüdischen Kongresses war. Er gehörte seit den Neunziger Jahren zu den wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten der politisch-kulturellen
Öffentlichkeit, als Politiker, Journalist, Publizist und als Fernsehmoderator, und ist eine der wenigen deutschen jüdischen Stimmen, die sich Gehör zu schaffen wissen. So bekannt er auch war, und inzwischen wieder ist, geliebt wurde er von der Mehrheit sicher nicht, die ihn
als polarisierend, scharfzüngig und unversöhnlich empfindet. Dies übrigens zu Recht! Er hatte auch durchaus Einfluss auf die politischen Geschehnisse, etwa als stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Zentralrats der Juden, mit dem zusammen er 2002 einen öffentlichen Antisemitismusstreit
mit dem FDP-Politiker Möllemann führte. Aufmerksamkeit erhielt 1998 auch sein Beitrag zur Walser-Bubis-Debatte. Der Sohn polnischer Juden, die dem Schicksal fast aller Angehörigen ihrer Familie, in Auschwitz ermordet zu werden, nur dank Oskar Schindler entgehen konnten, wurde
1956 in Paris geboren. 10 Jahre später emigrierte die Familie nach Deutschland, ins Land der Täter, in dem zwar gerade Fritz Bauer mit nahezu übermenschlicher Energie die Frankfurter Auschwitz-Prozesse ins Werk setzen konnte, von deren Scheitern er aber bis zu seinem Tod 1968
überzeugt war. Was Adorno 1959 in seinem Aufsatz ,,Was bedeutet: Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit?“ über das ungelöste Verhältnis Deutschlands zu seiner Geschichte konstatieren musste, bestimmte weiterhin, und noch für lange Zeit, bis heute vielleicht, die deutsche
Realität.
Christiane Solte-Gresser: Shoah-Träume. Vergleichende Studien zum Traum als Erzählverfahren. Paderborn: Brill Fink 2021, 489 S. (= Traum – Wissen – Erzählen, Bd. 10).
Authors: Destro Elisa
Published: August 2023

In den letzten Jahren hat das Thema Traum in seinen verschiedenen Variationen das Interesse zahlreicher Literaturwissenschaftler gezogen, wie eine ganze Reihe von Publikationen zeigen kann.1 In ihrer umfangreichen, interdisziplinären Studie verbindet Solte-Gresser dieses
Wissen über den Traum in eindrucksvoller Weise mit den sogenannten Holocaust Studies, um literarische Träume der Shoah aus einer wissenspoetischen, komparatistischen Perspektive zu präsentieren und zu analysieren.
Diskussion zu: Mike Levy, 2021, Get the children out! Unsung heros of the Kindertransport. Mit einem Vorwort von Lord Dubs. London, Lemon Soul, ISBN 978-1-9993781-4-1, 263 Seiten und Stephanie Homer, 2022, The Kindertransport in Literature. Reimagining Experience. Oxford,
Peter Lang, ISBN 978-1-80079-147-3, 258 Seiten.
Authors: Thüne Eva-Maria
Published: August 2023

Das Thema des Kindertransports vor allem jüdischer Kinder und Jugendlicher aus Nazi-Deutschland, Österreich und den besetzten Ländern von 1938/39 ist seit dem Jahr 1989, dem Jahr des 1. Treffens der Kinder, wie sie sich heute immer noch nennen, d.h. 50 Jahre nach
der britischen Rettungsaktion von ca. 10.000 Kindern, immer mehr ins Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit getreten. Während sich im englischsprachigen Raum eine eigene Kindertransportliteratur etabliert hat und auch die 2. und 3. Generation den Erinnerungsprozess mit fortschreiben, ist
die Situation im deutschsprachigen Raum anders. Historisch wurde der Kindertransport zwar in den 1990er Jahren teilweise aufgearbeitet (vgl. dazu z.B. Göpfert, Benz et. al.), auch wurden Holocaust-Opfer von Organisationen und Gemeinden im Rahmen der Aufarbeitung der Nazi-Vergangenheit
und Judenverfolgung eingeladen, wozu auch Kinder des Kindertransports gehörten. Da aber nur sehr wenige Kinder nach dem 2. Weltkrieg in ihre Herkunftsstädte zurückgezogen sind, gibt es nur eine sehr geringe Anzahl von Zeitzeugenberichten oder literarischen Texten, die auf Deutsch
geschrieben wurden. In den letzten Jahren ist aber das Interesse am Thema auch im deutschsprachigen Raum gewachsen, was verschiedene Initiativen, wie Ausstellungen in Frankfurt 2021 und Wien 2021–22 zeigen.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PADA PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM KELOLA DATA KALIBRASI DI PERCETAKAN GRAMEDIA
Authors: Gunadi Goldie
Published: August 2023

The Rapid Application Development (RAD) model is an object-oriented software development model that aims to shorten information system development time. Calibration is an activity of determining the correctness value and checking and adjusting the accuracy of measuring instruments with national standards and/or international standards. As a company engaged in the printing sector, PT Gramedia uses a variety of measuring instruments that need to maintain their level of accuracy, so a calibration process needs to be carried out regularly. The General Affairs (GA) section is responsible for carrying out this calibration activity with the help of outside vendors. Currently, the administrative process for calibration activities is still carried out conventionally, causing various problems that can result in disruptions to production process activities and a decrease in the quality of the printed products produced. The purpose of this research is to develop a web-based information system by applying the RAD development model to speed up the process and the application of the MVC method using the Codeigniter framework in the application coding process. From the test results using the black box method, the resulting calibration administration system can run well in accordance with user expectations.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT CALON MAHASISWA BARU MENDAFTAR PADA FTII UHAMKA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (K-NN)
Authors: Rahman Malik Luqman Abdur , Kamayani Mia , Hasan Firman Noor
Published: August 2023

In accepting new students at Prof. University. Dr. Hamka, many prospective students or parents of students are looking for registration information, this is a great opportunity for Uhamka to gain the sympathy of prospective students to register at Uhamka, especially the Faculty of Industrial and Informatics Technology. The problem in this study is that there is no data processing related to the factors that influence the interest of prospective new students to choose the Faculty of Industrial and Informatics Technology (FTII) Uhamka. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the interest of prospective new students in choosing majors at the Faculty of Industrial and Information Technology (FTII) Uhamka. The attributes used in this study were 10 attributes, namely full name, major, tuition fee, FII location with domicile, presence of friends/family, accreditation, facilities, PMB services, PMB information, and information of interest. The method that researchers use in this study is the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (K-NN). From the results of testing the researchers used the K-5 fold technique and the confusion matrix obtained an average accuracy of 72.5%, which means it is good.
Deep learning models for webcam eye tracking in online experiments
Authors: Saxena Shreshth , Fink Lauren K. , Lange Elke B.
Published: August 2023

Eye tracking is prevalent in scientific and commercial applications. Recent computer vision and deep learning methods enable eye tracking with off-the-shelf webcams and reduce dependence on expensive, restrictive hardware. However, such deep learning methods have not yet been applied and evaluated for remote, online psychological experiments. In this study, we tackle critical challenges faced in remote eye tracking setups and systematically evaluate appearance-based deep learning methods of gaze tracking and blink detection. From their own homes and laptops, 65 participants performed a battery of eye tracking tasks including (i) fixation, (ii) zone classification, (iii) free viewing, (iv) smooth pursuit, and (v) blink detection. Webcam recordings of the participants performing these tasks were processed offline through appearance-based models of gaze and blink detection. The task battery required different eye movements that characterized gaze and blink prediction accuracy over a comprehensive list of measures. We find the best gaze accuracy to be 2.4° and precision of 0.47°, which outperforms previous online eye tracking studies and reduces the gap between laboratory-based and online eye tracking performance. We release the experiment template, recorded data, and analysis code with the motivation to escalate affordable, accessible, and scalable eye tracking that has the potential to accelerate research in the fields of psychological science, cognitive neuroscience, user experience design, and human–computer interfaces.
Akıllı Ev Sistemleri için XGBoost Tabanlı Saldırı Tespit Yöntemi
Authors: TEKİN Rojbin , YAMAN Orhan
Published: August 2023

Günümüz akıllı evlerinde IoT (Internet of Things) teknolojisinin alt yapısı kullanılmaktadır. Akıllı evlerin kullanımı arttıkça bu alandaki siber saldırılar da artmaktadır. Akıllı evlere yönelik siber saldırıları mümkün olduğunca erken tespit etmek ve önlemek çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, akıllı evlere yönelik siber saldırıları tespit etmek ve önlemek için makine öğrenmesi tabanlı bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Öncelikle “Home Assistant” teknolojisini kullanarak akıllı ev platformu oluşturulmuştur. Akıllı evler, “Home Assistant” teknolojisini kapsamlı bir şekilde kullanır. Oluşturulan akıllı ev platformu, sensörler ve kameralardan yararlanıyor. İnsanlar, sensörler ve kameralar kullanarak evlerini uzaktan izleyebilmekte ve yönetebilmektedir. Geliştirilen akıllı ev platformu üzerinde “brute force ftp”, “brute force ssh”, “dos http flood”, “dos icmp flood”, “dos syn flood”, “syn scan” ve “udp scan” olmak üzere yedi saldırı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplanan veri seti, “normal” paketlerle birlikte sekiz sınıftan oluşmaktadır. Sekiz sınıf için toplam 435815 örnek veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bu veri seti üzerinde XGBOOST algoritması kullanılmış ve saldırı türleri sınıflandırılmıştır. Hold-out 80:20 ve Hold-out 70:30 eğitim testi verileri için sırasıyla %92.55 ve %92.49 doğruluk hesaplanmıştır. Önerilen XGBOOST algoritmasının sonuçları, diğer makine öğrenimi algoritmalarının sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçların başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
Đánh giá hiệu quả và độc tính của thuốc ức chế tyrosine kinase trong điều trị ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn tiến xa
Authors: THANH THANH HA
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bước 1 và độc tính của thuốc ức chế Tyrosine kinase trên bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn tiến xa có đột biến EGFR.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu kết hợp hồi cứu trên 57 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IIIB/IIIC/IV có đột biến EGFR, được điều trị bằng thuốc ức chế Tyrosine kinase thế hệ 1 tại Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế và Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Huế từ 01/2020 - 06/2023.

Kết quả: Tỷ lệ đáp ứng hoàn toàn là 1,8%; đáp ứng một phần là 45,6%; bệnh ổn định là 21,1%; bệnh tiến triển là 31,6%. Tỷ lệ đáp ứng khách quan là 47,4%; tỷ lệ kiểm soát bệnh là 68,5%. Thời gian sống thêm không tiến triển trung vị là 9,0 ± 0,8 tháng, ngắn nhất là 3 tháng, dài nhất là 28 tháng. Có sự liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa PFS với loại đột biến EGFR (p < 0,05). Đa phần bệnh nhân có độc tính độ I, II và chủ yếu gặp trên da - niêm mạc và hệ tiêu hóa.

Kết luận: Thuốc ức chế Tyrosine Kinase trong điều trị ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn tiến xa mang lại hiệu quả, cải thiện thời gian sống thêm cho bệnh nhân với mức độ độc tính dung nạp tốt. Từ khóa: Ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ, liệu pháp nhắm đích phân tử, giai đoạn tiến xa, RECIST 1.1, NCI CTCAE 5.0.

ABSTRACT

EFFECTIVENESS AND TOXICITY OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS IN THE TREATMENT OF ADVANCED STAGE NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Objectives: Evaluation of the result of first - line treatment and toxicity of Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced stage non - small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations.

Methods: We conducted a prospective and retrospective descriptive study on 57 patients with stage IIIB/IIIC/IV non - small cell lung cancer, treated with 1st generation Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital from 01/2020 - 06/2023.

Results: The complete response rate was 1.8%; the partial response rate was 45.6%; the stable disease rate was 21.1%; the progressive disease rate was 31.6%. The objective response rate was 47.4%; the disease control rate was 68.5%. Median progression - free survival was 9.0 ± 0.8 months, the shortest being 3 months, and the longest being 28 months. There was a statistically significant relationship between PFS and EGFR mutations (p < 0.05). Most patients have grade I, II toxicity and are mainly found on skin - mucosa and digestive system.

Conclusion: Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced stage non - small cell lung cancer are effective, improving survival time for patients with a well - tolerated toxicity.
Kết quả điều trị bước 2 ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ có đột biến T790M thứ phát bằng Osimertinib tại bệnh viện ung bướu Đà Nẵng
Authors: Lưu Linh
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bước 2 ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV có đột biến T790M thứ phát bằng Osimertinib.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu trên 22 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV có đột biến EGFR tiến triển sau điều trị EGFR-TKIs thế hệ 1,2, xuất hiện đột biến kháng thuốc thứ phát T790M được điều trị bằng Osimertinib tại bệnh viện Ung bướu Đà Nẵng từ tháng 03/2020 đến hết tháng 11/2022, theo dõi đến hết tháng 6/2023.

Kết quả: Tỷ lệ đáp ứng khách quan của Osimertinib trong điều trị bước 2 là 72,7%, tỷ lệ kiểm soát bệnh là 86,4%. Trung vị thời gian sống thêm bệnh không tiến triển (PFS) là 10 tháng. Tác dụng không mong muốn thường gặp nhất khi điều trị bằng Osimertinib là ban da (36,4%), tiêu chảy (31,8%), khô da (22,7%), viêm quanh móng (18,2%), viêm niêm mạc miệng (13,6%). Phần lớn các tác dụng không mong muốn này ở mức độ nhẹ, không bệnh nhân nào phải giảm liều hay gián đoạn điều trị.

Kết luận: Osimertinib có hiệu quả cao và an toàn trong điều trị bước 2 trong ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV có đột biến T790M thứ phát. ABSTRACT

RESULTS OF SECOND - LINE TREATMENT ACQUIRED T790M MUTATION NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER WITH OSIMERTINIB AT DANANG ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL

Objectives: To evaluate the results of second - line treatment in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients who have acquired T790M mutation with Osimertinib.

Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted in 22 patients with EGFR mutation positive stage IV non - small cell lung cancer who failed after first - and second - generation EGFR - TKIs therapy with presence of acquired T790M resistance mutation, were treated with Osimertinib at Da Nang Oncology Hospital from March 2020 to the end of November 2022 and follow up until the end of June 2023.

Results: The objective response rate of Osimertinib in second - line treatment was 72,7%, disease control rate was 85.4%, the median progression - free survival (PFS) was 10 months. The most common side effects of Osimertinib were rash (36.4%), diarrhea (31.8%), dry skin (22.7%), paronychia (18.2%), mucositis oral (13.6%). Most of side effects were mild, and no patient required a dose reduction or treatment interruption.

Conclusion: Osimertinib is highly effective and safe in the second-line treatment of stage IV non - small cell lung cancer with acquired T790M mutation.
Water Quality Condition From Upstream To Downstream Of Mahakam River, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan
Authors: SUJIMAN Sujiman
Published: August 2023

This research aims to ascertain the proclivity of waste in the Mahakam River, identify the category of waste that exhibits the potential to cause pollution, and evaluate the pollution index at the designated site. Water samples were collected at five locations along the Mahakam River in Kutai Kartanegara District, from upstream to downstream. The method of data analysis using the arc gisc software and calculation of the pollution index has been modified to comply with the State Minister of Environment's Decree (KEPMEN LH) No. 115 of 2003. The study's findings indicate an upward proclivity in the total Fecal Coliform waste from the upstream to the downstream of the Mahakam River, with a significant increase observed in the Tenggarong Area. The quality of the waste was measured to be 5400 mg/ltr, surpassing the established environmental quality standards. The Mahakam River exhibits high water quality, up to 4.66 mg/ltr above the established environmental quality standards, although Dissolved Oxygen (DO) waste is primarily located in its upper reaches. The Batuk Area is susceptible to a rise in the pollution index due to Dissolved Oxygen (DO) waste. In contrast, Tenggarong Area is prone to an increase in the pollution index owing to the total Fecal Coliform waste. The pollution levels were measured in five distinct locations along the Mahakam River, namely Batuk Village, Muara Muntai Sub-district, Semayang Lake, Kota Bangun Sub-district, Tenggarong Sub-district, and Jembayan Village. The recorded pollution measures for these locations were 0.599, 0.4576, 0.476, 0.589, 0.526, and 0.583, respectively.
A Unified Treatment of Kepler Occurrence to Trace Planet Evolution. I. Methodology
Authors: Dattilo Anne , Batalha Natalie M. , Bryson Steve
Published: August 2023

We present Kepler exoplanet occurrence rates for planets between 0.5 and 16 R
⊕ and between 1 and 400 days. To measure occurrence, we use a nonparametric method via a kernel density estimator and use bootstrap random sampling for uncertainty estimation. We use a full characterization of completeness and reliability measurements from the Kepler Data Release 25 catalog, including detection efficiency, vetting completeness, astrophysical reliability, and false alarm reliability. We also include more accurate and homogeneous stellar radii from Gaia Data Release 2. In order to see the impact of these final Kepler properties, we revisit benchmark exoplanet occurrence rate measurements from the literature. We compare our measurements with previous studies to both validate our method and observe the dependence of these benchmarks on updated stellar and planet properties. For FGK stars, between 0.5 and 16 R
⊕ and between 1 and 400 days, we find an occurrence of 1.52 ± 0.08 planets per star. We investigate the dependence of occurrence as a function of radius, orbital period, and stellar type and compare with previous studies with excellent agreement. We measure the minimum of the radius valley to be

1.78

−
0.16

+
0.14

R
⊕ for FGK stars and find it to move to smaller radii for cooler stars. We also present new measurements of the slope of the occurrence cliff at 3–4 R
⊕, and find that the cliff becomes less steep at long orbital period. Our methodology will enable us to constrain theoretical models of planet formation and evolution in the future.
The Structure of Magnetic Fields in Spiral Galaxies: A Radio and Far-infrared Polarimetric Analysis
Authors: Surgent William Jeffrey , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Clark Susan E.
Published: August 2023

We propose and apply a method to quantify the morphology of the large-scale ordered magnetic fields (B-fields) in galaxies. This method is adapted from the analysis of Event Horizon Telescope polarization data. We compute a linear decomposition of the azimuthal modes of the polarization field in radial galactocentric bins. We apply this approach to five low-inclination spiral galaxies with both far-infrared (FIR: 154 μm) dust polarimetric observations taken from the Survey of Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA) and radio (6 cm) synchrotron polarization observations. We find that the main contribution to the B-field structure of these spiral galaxies comes from the m = 2 and m = 0 modes at FIR wavelengths and the m = 2 mode at radio wavelengths. The m = 2 mode has a spiral structure and is directly related to the magnetic pitch angle, while m = 0 has a constant B-field orientation. The FIR data tend to have a higher relative contribution from other modes than the radio data. The extreme case is NGC 6946: all modes contribute similarly in the FIR, while m = 2 still dominates in the radio. The average magnetic pitch angle in the FIR data is smaller and has greater angular dispersion than in the radio, indicating that the B-fields in the disk midplane traced by FIR dust polarization are more tightly wound and more chaotic than the B-field structure in the radio, which probes a larger volume. We argue that our approach is more flexible and model independent than standard techniques, while still producing consistent results where directly comparable.
The Cygnus Loop: Shock Precursors and Electron–Ion Equilibration
Authors: Raymond John C. , Seok Ji Yeon , Koo Bon-Chul , Chilingarian Igor V. , Grishin Kirill , Caldwell Nelson , Xie Min , Fesen Robert
Published: August 2023

The outermost edges of some supernova remnants are marked by filaments of pure Balmer line emission produced by nonradiative shock fronts. The Hα profiles of these filaments provide the shock speed and electron–proton temperature ratio in the shock. We have used the Hectochelle multiobject spectrograph on the MMT telescope to observe nine positions along the eastern nonradiative filaments of the Cygnus Loop, thereby extending the studies of Medina et al. to lower shock speeds. We complement the spectra with images from 1993 to 2020 to measure proper motions to further constrain the parameters. We also present observations of the photoionization precursor to show that the gas is strongly heated, and that the Hα emission from the precursor is dominated by collisional excitation rather than recombination.
X-Ray/UVOIR Frequency-resolved Time Lag Analysis of Mrk 335 Reveals Accretion Disk Reprocessing
Authors: Lewin Collin , Kara Erin , Cackett Edward M. , Wilkins Dan , Panagiotou Christos , García Javier A. , Gelbord Jonathan
Published: August 2023

UV and optical continuum reverberation mapping is a powerful tool for probing the accretion disk and inner broad-line region. However, recent reverberation mapping campaigns in the X-ray, UV, and optical have found lags consistently longer than those expected from the standard disk reprocessing picture. The largest discrepancy to date was recently reported in Mrk 335, where UV/optical lags are up to 12 times longer than expected. Here, we perform a frequency-resolved time lag analysis of Mrk 335, using Gaussian processes to account for irregular sampling. For the first time, we compare the Fourier frequency-resolved lags directly to those computed using the popular interpolated cross-correlation function method applied to both the original and detrended light curves. We show that the anticipated disk reverberation lags are recovered by the Fourier lags when zeroing in on the short-timescale variability. This suggests that a separate variability component is present on long timescales. If this separate component is modeled as reverberation from another region beyond the accretion disk, we constrain a size scale of roughly 15 lt-days from the central black hole. This is consistent with the size of the broad-line region inferred from Hβ reverberation lags. We also find tentative evidence for a soft X-ray lag, which we propose may be due to light travel time delays between the hard X-ray corona and distant photoionized gas that dominates the soft X-ray spectrum below 2 keV.