bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study evaluating the efficacy of topical azithromycin versus oral doxycycline in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Ahmad Adnan , Rehman Mubashir
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the efficacy of topical azithromycin drops versus oral doxycycline therapy in meibomian gland dysfunction.
Method: The prospective randomised trial was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020 at the Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged 26-42 years having long-standing posterior blepharitis / meibomian gland dysfunction. The subjects were randomised into two equal groups. Both the groups were advised to do warm compresses and lid massage three times a day for 5min each for 4 weeks. In addition, group A group received azithromycin 1% drops 2 times/day for 1 week, followed by once a day for 3 weeks, while group B received oral doxycycline 100mg once a day for 4 weeks. Baseline, midstream at 2 weeks and post-intervention status, including subjective symptoms, were compared.
Results: Of the 60 subjects enrolled, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups; 32(53.3%) males and 28(46.4%) females. While all 30(100%) the participants in group A completed the trial without any adverse reaction to medication, 8(26.7%) in group B quit midstream owing to anorexia/nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort. Compared to baseline, reduction in both subjective and objective features of the disease in both groups was noted regardless of gender (p=0.08). No significant difference was evident in symptoms healing rate and improvement in foreign body sensation between the groups (p>0.05). Group A improved eye redness, while group B proved better in respect of meibomian glands obstruction healing and corneal staining p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both topical azithromycin and oral doxycycline were effective and had their own edge as far as symptomatic improvement was concerned in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.
Key Words: Meibomian gland dysfunction, Topical azithromycin, Oral doxycycline, Efficacy.
Operation theatre time utilization during emergency surgeries at a government institute of trauma in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Rabia Asim  , Humera Ismail  , Shehla Baqi
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate operation theatre time utilisation during emergency cases.
Method: The prospective, observational study was conducted at the Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma, Karachi, from January 17 to April 17, 2020, during which the three dedicated emergency operating rooms at the centre were monitored for time from transferring the patient to the operation theatre till the patient was is shifted out after surgery. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the total 1,287 surgeries performed, 625(48.56%) were included. Of them, 373(59.7%) patients were shifted to the operation theatre once it was ready, while 252(40.3%) were shifted in advance. There were 474(75.8%) male patients, and 151(24.1%) were females. The overall mean age was 32.7±17.4 years (range: 1 year to 47 years). Mean time of patient transfer to the operating room was 1:17±1:52 hours:minutes. Delay was recorded in 133(35. 6%) cases who were shifted from location when the operation theatre was available. It was caused in 64(17.15%) cases by surgical teams, another emergency surgery in the operating room 24(6.4%) and operating room cleaning 19(5%). The mean waiting time in the holding area was 1:25±1:21hours:minutes, and mean time from induction to surgical incision was 0:34±0:32 hours:minutes. Delays was caused by trainee surgeons in 79(12.64%) cases, and prolonged preoperative patient preparation in 99(15.84%). Mean turnover time was 0:48±0:42 hours:minutes. Delay was caused by post-operative unavailability of ambulance transportation 29(15%), and intensive care unit bed availability 14(7.2%).
Conclusion: Time utilisation of emergency operation theatres can be maximised by improved overall coordination.
Key Words: Government institute, Emergency, Operation theatre, Time sationutilisation.
Acceptability, continuation and complication rate of postpartum insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device among Pakistani women
Authors: Ahsan Azra , Ali Aleya
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine level of acceptability, continuation and complication rate associated with postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device uptake.
Methods: The multicentre study was conducted from April 2012 to December 2020 in selected health facilities across Pakistan. After approval from the ethics review committee of the Pakistan Medical Association data was analysed retrospectively. This comprised women attending antenatal clinics and those who came in labour without prior registration. The subjects were counselled, and those who consented were given family planning services of their choice, particularly postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. The subjects were followed up at 6 weeks and then again at 6 months. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0.
Results: Of the 3,523,404 women available, 525,819(15%) were counselled. Of them, 208,663(39.7%) were aged 25-29 years, 185,495(35.3%) had secondary education, 476,992(90.7%) were unemployed, and 261,590(49.74%) had 1-2 children. Of the total, 387,500(73.7%) consented to receive postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device, 149,833(38.7%) actually came for insertion. Those who did receive postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device were 146,318(97.65%), and, of them, 58,660(40%) were lost to follow-up. Acceptance and uptake of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device was positively and significantly dependent on the professional level of counsellor and the place of counselling (p<0.01). Age, education, number of living children and gravida were significantly associated with device insertion status (p<0.01). Of the 87,658(60%) subjects followed up, those who came at 6 weeks were 30,727(35.05%) and device discontinuation rate was 3,409(11.09%). At 6 months, there were 56,931(64.94%) follow-ups and the discontinuation rate was 6,395(11.23%).
Conclusion: Counselling done by doctors in early labour positively influenced the postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion rate.
Key Words: Counselling, Acceptability, Insertion, Non-insertion reasons, Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device, PPIUCD.
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour of the kidney masquerading as hydatid cyst: a rare case report from the developing world
Authors: Mahar Naveed Ahmed , Mushtaq Hussain  , Shah Syed Arslan Shehzad , Qureshi Harris Hassan , Kalwar Sara Rasheed , Sultan Gauhar
Published: May 2023

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour (MEST) is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.2% among renal cancers. It has strong predilection towards females with a 1:6 male to female ratio, the tumour is cystic with some solid component with biphasic proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells.
The case of a 37-years-old female is presented with right lumbar pain since 3 months. The family history was unremarkable. The routine workup revealed mild neutrophilia and borderline Echinococcus antibody titres. Ultrasound revealed a complex cystic lesion with a solid component in the right kidney. CT scan with contrast confirmed a multiloculated mixed density lesion with daughter cysts arising from the middle lobe of the right kidney. Initial diagnosis of renal hydatid cyst was established and she underwent partial nephrectomy with excision of the cystic mass. Surprisingly the histopathology revealed mixed epithelial and stromal tumour.
Role of doppler ultrasound in detecting vascular complications in recipients of living donor liver transplant (LDLT)
Authors: Hussain Huma , Muhammad Salman Rafique  , Sana Kundi  , Tahir Malik  , Ahmad Zia Ud din  , Abdullah Saeed
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine the role of Doppler ultrasound in the detection of vascular complications in recipients of living donor liver transplant, keeping contrast-enhanced computerised tomography of abdomen as the gold standard.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted from February 16 to April 1, 2022, at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of living donor liver transplant recipients who had undergone contrast-enhanced computerised tomography of abdomen within 24 hours of Doppler ultrasound between January 2021 and January 2022. For the diagnosis of hepatic vascular complications, the diagnostic values of Doppler ultrasound parameters were derived by correlating Doppler ultrasound findings with contrast-enhanced computerised tomography results. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 35 patients, 24(68.6%) were men and 11(31.4%) were women. The overall mean age was 45.86±13.8 years. For hepatic artery thrombosis, the use of Doppler ultrasound criteria yielded a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 100%, 96.6%, 83.3%, 100%, and 97.1% respectively. For hepatic artery stenosis, overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of Doppler ultrasound was 100%, 96.8%, 75%, 100% and 97.1% respectively. Doppler ultrasound parameters resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 100% each in detecting portal vein and hepatic venous outflow tract thrombosis. Overall, Doppler ultrasound sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy was found to be 100%, 88.8%, 89.4%, 100% and 94.2% respectively.
Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound was adequate to document vascular complications after living donor liver transplant in majority of the cases with high accuracy and sensitivity.
Key Words: CLD, Doppler US, Vascular complications, LDLT recipients, CECT abdomen.
Gender bias and ‘doctor brides’. A social dilemma of medical students in Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Farooq Minaam , Mustafa Biah , Anwer Ammar , Shahid Saman , Ashraf Naveed
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess gender bias, discrimination and bullying at medical schools, and to explore the phenomenon of ‘doctor brides’.
Method: The multicentre survey was conducted at 14 medical education institutions across Pakistan from September 2020 to April 2021, and comprised medical students of either gender at both public-sector and private-sector institutions. The survey questions explored beliefs, experiences and knowledge related to common stereotypes and social issues in medical education, including female role models, work-life balance, gender roles, lack of support from family and faculty, and bullying. Association between gender with survey variables was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Thematic analysis was used to exploring knowledge around ‘doctor-brides’.
Results: Of the 377 subjects, 245(65%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.4+/- 1.8 years. There were 211(53.8%) subjects aged 21-23 years, and 368(97.6%) were Muslims. Significantly more women than men were of the opinion that men are encouraged and are more likely to assume leadership roles (p=0.002). More women than males agreed that household chores and work had an impact on speciality choice (p<0.001). Most sexual assault victims were women (p<0.0001), but men generally faced more bullying and hostile behaviour (p=0.014). With regard to women being forced to quit medicine after marriage/childbirth by their in-laws/husbands or change their careers from clinical medicine to preclinical teaching, 99(26.25%) subjects knew first-hand of such cases, while 238(63.12%) had no such experience to share.
Conclusion: Gender bias, discriminatory behaviour and bullying were found to be widely prevalent in medical schools across Pakistan. The general perception of ‘doctor brides’ needs to be revisited.
Key Words: Gender bias, Bullying, Doctor brides, Medical students, Pakistan.
Factor analysis, reliability and validity of a Pashto version of Hamilton rating scale for depression
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Sethi Mifrah Rauf
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To translate and validate the Hamilton Rating Scale (HAM-D) for Depression in Pashto language.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from June to November 2021, and comprised patients of either gender diagnosed with depressive illness. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was translated from English to Pashto by 3 bilingual experts using forward-backward method. The version was tested on the participants using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha reliability and construct validity of the scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 26.
Results: Of the 507 patients with mean age 34.56+12.58 years, 317(62.5%) were females, 379(74.8%) were married and 308(60.7%) were uneducated. Factor analysis of HAM-D (Pashto) showed to be a four factor model and Bartlett’s test showed significant results indicating that the items was inter-correlated. Regarding construct validity, the factor loading through Item Total Correlation scores revealed highly satisfactory correlation coefficients. Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the Pashto version was 0.843, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit model (0.904) with root mean square error of approximation value 0.075. The scale showed 312(61.5%) participants were severely depressed. Married, uneducated patients and those with higher birth order were significantly severely depressed (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The Pashto version of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was found to be a reliable instrument to measure depression and can be used in clinical settings.
Key Words: Depression, Factor analysis, Psychometrics.
Clinical assessment of absence of palmaris longus muscle and its association with ethnicity
Authors: Quratulain Javaid  , Ambreen Usmani  , Ambreen Surti
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare two clinical tests used for assessment of absence of palmaris longus, and to determine the prevalence of absence of palmaris longus among ethnic groups in a cosmopolitan setting.
Method: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Bahria University Health Sciences, Karachi, from April 2021 to May 2022, during which forearms belonging to Sindhi, Punjabi and Urdu-speaking ethnic groups were tested. Assessment of presence or absence of palmaris longus was performed using Schaeffer’s and Thompson’s tests. Agenesis and association of ethnicity and agenesis were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 250 subjects, 152(60.8%) were females and 98(39.2%) were males. The overall mean age was 20.4±2.23 years (range: 18-23 years). In terms of ethnicity, 100(40%) subjects each were Punjabis and Urdu-speaking, while 50(20%) were Sindhis. The total forearms assessed were 500. The overall agenesis was 186(37.2%). When the two assessment tests were compared, highly significant differences were noted (p<0.000). Overall agenesis was highest among Sindhis 40%, followed by 38% in Punjabis, and 35% in Urdu-speaking. Significant differences were observed when one-sided palmaris longus absence was compared with two-sided absence (p<0.037).
Conclusion: Schaeffer’s test had more accuracy compared to the Thompson’s test in the determination of palmaris longus agenesis. There were variations in terms of agenesis among the ethnic groups.
Key Words: Clinical assessment, Aabsence, Palmaris longus, Association, Ethnicity.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and perceived myths towards foetal programming and factors affecting it among the public and health professionals in Pakistan: a needs assessment study
Authors: Syeda Sadia Fatima  , Zakaria Maheen , Zakaria Aliza , Tekian Ara
Published: May 2023

Objective: To explore knowledge, attitudes and practices of laypersons and health professionals towards foetal programming, and factors affecting it.
Method: The mixed methods study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from January 20 2021 to May 13, 2022, and comprised adults of either gender with access to social media platforms. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire in English and Urdu developed to capture responses from a diverse pool of participants. The survey tool was circulated through WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram. Two focus group discussions were conducted; one with laypersons in group A and the other with health and allied professionals in group B. Data was analysed using SPSS 21, while data related to focus group discussions was subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: Of the 358 participants, 173(48.3%) were in group A and 185(51.7%) were in group B. There were 34(18.4) subjects in group A and 27(15.6) in group B who had knowledge of foetal programming (p>0.05). Only factors related to father’s health and dietary elements on the foetus were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05).  Thematic analysis led to the formation of 3 overarching themes: parent’s lifestyle, comorbidity and diet on foetal health; myths and cultural beliefs regarding foetal development; and the need for training / awareness for practitioners and community.
Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and misinformation about foetal programming and development was common among health professionals and laypersons.
Key Words: Foetal programming, Obesity, Nutrition, Midwives, Nursing, Public health.
A relation between serum albumin level and prognosis of critically ill children admitted to the pediatric ICU
Authors: Gowa Murtaza Ali , Tauseef Usman , Ahmed Syed Habib
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypoalbuminemia in critically ill children, and to assess the association of low serum albumin with clinical deterioration and outcome.
Method: The prospective, descriptive study was conducted from September 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, and comprised critically ill children of either gender aged between 3 months and 16 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Serum albumin values were documented at 2 hours post-admission and at 24 hours. Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 score, Vasoactive Inotropic Score, and Paediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were calculated. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin 3.3gdl. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the 110 patients, 70(63.6%) were boys and 40(36.4%) were girls. The overall mean age was 46.72±43.28 months. Hypoalbuminemia at 24 hours was found in 74(67.3%) subjects compared to 60(54.5%) at 2 hours, and mean serum albumin was lower at 24 hours compared to 2 hours post-admission (p<0.05). Patients with hypoalbuminemia had significant relation with Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 score, Vasoactive Inotropic Score, Paediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and outcome (p<0.05). The risk of mortality was 4.1 times higher in patients with hypoalbuminemia (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The incidence of hypoalbuminemia was found to be higher in children in intensive care settings, and hypoalbuminemia was a significant independent predictor of mortality in a critically ill child.
Key Words: Hypoalbuminemia, Serum albumin, Critically ill, Children, PICU, Prognosis.
Assessment of upper to lower body segment ratio and arm span to height difference in school children of Lahore
Authors: Baig Usman , Mehdi Syed Muslim , Iftikhar Nosheen
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess upper-to-lower body segment ratio and arm span to height difference in children.
Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in schools of the Raiwind area near Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2021 to May 2022, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The sample comprised children aged 3-14 years whose height fell between the 3rd and 97th centiles on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention height-for-age chart. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 1,836 children, 906(49.3%) were boys with mean age 8.45±3.02 years, mean height 132.54±17.78cm and mean weight 32.0±13.72kg. Besides, there were 930(50.7%) girls with mean age 8.26±3.21 years, mean height 130.41±18.03cm and mean weight 31.09±13.88kg. The mean upper-to-lower body segment ratio in boys was 1.06±0.15 at age 3 years, 0.96±0.08 at age 7 and 0.94±0.08 at age 10. The mean upper-to-lower body segment ratio in girls was 1.08±0.08 at age 3 years, 0.98±0.07 at age 7, and 0.92±0.10 at age 10. The mean arm span to height difference in boys was -1.81±5.83 and in girls -4.09±5.77.
Conclusion: Upper-to-lower body segment ratio and arm span to height difference may help paediatricians in the evaluation of disproportionate short stature.
Key Words: Upper to lower body segment ratio, Body proportions, Children, Arm span to height difference, Pakistan.
Америка қўшма штатларида суд ҳокимияти
Authors: Сайдахмедов Умид
Published: May 2023

Мазкур мақолада Америка Қўшма Штатларида суд ҳокимияти, унинг тузилиши, АҚШ Олий суди, федерал судлар, уларнинг фаолиятини тартибга солувчи қонунчилик, судьяларни лавозимларига тайинлаш масалалари ўрганилган. Шунингдек, мақолада судлар томонидан ишларни кўриб чиқиш тартиби, судларнинг ваколатлари, суд жараёни, биринчи инстанция судлари томонидан кўрилган ишларни юқори инстанцияларда кўриб чиқиш тартиби ёритилган.
Analisis Faktor Maternal Terhadap Keluarga Berisiko Stunting Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Analisis Data di BKKBN Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Susanti Rahmi
Published: May 2023

According to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of stunting in East Borneo is 30%. Based on data from East Borneo's Health Office 2017 states that number of children under five years of age who are stunting relatively high, that is 30,6% of the total toodlers. Maternal factors are risk factors for stunting especially in the first 1000 days of life. The maternal factor is the risk of 4 Too. Too young, too old, too close and too many. The condition of 4T will increase risks in pregnancy including the risk of stunting, morbidity and even death of mother and baby. Objective: To analyze the correlation of maternal risk factors with families at risk of stunting in East Borneo Province. Method: this research used secondary data of 508,351 families on the PK21 tabulation report (recapitulation of families at risk of stunting). Data analysis used the Pearson Correlation test which first found that the data were normally distributed. Results: PK21 data shows that there are 79.% of families at risk of stunting. The distribution of maternal risk factors is too young 0.8%, too old 53.4%, too close 3.2% and too many 33.1%. And the results of the correlation analysis show that there is a correlation between maternal factors too young (0.001), too old (0.001), too close (0.001) and too many (0.001) with families at risk of stunting. Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting in East Borneo is quite high, so it requires prevention to reduce the maternal factor 4T rate.
TEORIA DO AUTOCUIDADO DE OREM DURANTE A GRAVIDEZ: APLICABILIDADE PARA O CUIDADO CLÍNICO DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Moura da Silveira Maria Adelaide , Souza da Silva Monte Michele , Moreira Rodrigues Antonia Regynara , Reis Ferreira Uly , Souza Gomes Linicarla Fabiole de
Published: May 2023

O autocuidado constitui-se de ações que visam o cuidado de si, o atendimento de necessidades e o alcance de bem-estar. Mencionou-se neste estudo o autocuidado no período gestacional por ser uma fase permeada por adaptações e que requer atenção especial para o alcance de uma gestação saudável. Objetivou-se conhecer as evidências científicas acerca da aplicabilidade da Teoria do Autocuidado de Orem para o cuidado clínico de enfermagem durante a gravidez. Trata-se de revisão integrativa realizada nas bases Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS; MEDLINE/PUBMED e BVS a partir dos descritores controlados self care, nursing theory, pregnancy e pregnant womam entre março e maio 2022, incluindo artigos disponíveis eletronicamente na integra, sem restrição de idiomas ou recorte temporal. Foram incluídos seis estudos, publicados entre 1999 e 2015, nos quais foram identificados 25 déficits de autocuidado, nos requisitos desenvolvimental, universal e desvio de saúde, com utilização dos sistemas de enfermagem parcialmente compensatório, totalmente compensatório e apoio-educação. A Teoria de Autocuidado de Orem subsidiou o cuidado clínico de enfermagem no atendimento às necessidades das gestantes, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de suas potencialidades para o autocuidado, para promover bem-estar das gestantes e conceptos, bem como o fortalecimento do processo de enfermagem com um cuidado científico e interativo.
RELATO DE CASO: ENUCLEAÇÃO EM CANINO POR TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSÍVEL
Authors: Damião Caldas Gabriela , Gabriela Silva Marina , Nelson Nolasco Mendes Willie
Published: May 2023

O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT), também citado como Linfossarcoma de Sticker é uma neoplasia histiocítica, de origem mesenquimatosa, contagiosa, e de forma geral acomete a mucosa de genitália externa de cães, em ambos os sexos, não sendo comum sua apresentação em outros tecidos. Se trata de uma patologia comumente vista na área clínica veterinária, isto devido à sua fácil transmissão, acometendo em número maior, cães sem raça definida, não castrados e com acesso à rua. A apresentação desse tumor em locais extragenitais pode ser devido à interação de animais portadores com animais suscetíveis. Sua forma ocular pode ocorrer via implantação na mucosa conjuntival ou através de metástase.
EFEITO DOS EXTRATOS DAS FOLHAS DE GUINÉ (PETIVERIA ALLIACEA L) SOBRE PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS E HISTOLÓGICOS EM RATOS DIABÉTICOS
Authors: De Cássia Santos Jéssica , Mendonça Botelho Leticia , Morais Bento Isabela , Gontijo Lima Rafaela , De Castro Oliveira Sofia , Pereira de Carvalho Layla , Bessa Veloso Roberta , Frota Machado de Melo Lopes Ana Cláudia , Correia Salles Bruno Cesar , Bitencourt Santos Barros Gersika
Published: May 2023

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um distúrbio endócrino e metabólico cada vez mais comum na população mundial, carente de novas alternativas terapêuticas, sendo os vegetais uma alternativa viável na busca por novos fitoterápicos e bioativos com ação para controlar o DM. Devido a atividade hipoglicemiante de alguns bioativos das folhas de Guiné (Petiveria alliacea), além de esta ser uma planta amplamente difundida pelo Brasil, de fácil cultivo e acesso, o presente estudo avaliou a influência dos extratos das folhas de Guiné sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e morfológicos de ratos Wistar com DM induzido por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: ratos sem DM (n = 10), ratos com DM (n = 10) e ratos com DM tratados com o extrato das folhas de P. alliacea (200mg/Kg/dia) (n = 10). Os parâmetros bioquímicos: glicose, perfil hepático (TGP e TGO), renal (creatinina e ureia) e lipídico (colesterol total e triglicerídeos), bem como a histologia de órgãos foram avaliadas. O extrato da folha de P. alliacea, na dose de 200mg/Kg/dia, não foi capaz de prevenir os aumentos dos níveis de glicose, TGP, TGO, creatinina, ureia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos, em animais com DM comparados ao grupo DM não tratado. Não houve alterações histopatológicas significativas no fígado, rins, coração, e glândulas salivares. Ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos para avaliar tais achados preliminares, visando esclarecer os efeitos aqui observados.
ANÁLISE DA DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS DE SÃO CAETANO DO SUL E OS FATORES ASSOCIADOS AVALIADOS PELA GDS-15
Authors: Leandro de Macedo Gabriela , Couventaris Sammour Maria Cecilia , Yu Me Yut Gemignani Elizabeth , Filev Maia Érico , Vilela Machado João Marcelo , Pereira Maia Laura Cristina , De Alcantara Sousa Luiz  Vinicius
Published: May 2023

A depressão é o distúrbio psiquiátrico mais comum em todas as faixas etárias, sendo, no idoso, associada a sinais e sintomas mais incomuns que em outras idades, como irritabilidade, perda da funcionalidade e lentificação do raciocínio. Questionários e escalas podem ser utilizados para rastreio dos sintomas em idosos, como a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica reduzida (GDS-15), de Yesavage. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, de caráter transversal, realizada através da Escala GDS-15 e aplicada em idosos residentes em São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brasil, e cadastrados na UBS Amélia Locatelli e no Centro Ambulatorial Universitário da Universidade de São Caetano do Sul. Buscou-se analisar a prevalência de depressão nesses idosos e os fatores associados, avaliados pela GDS-15. Como resultado, 41 (73,21%) dos 56 participantes apresentaram quadro psicológico normal, 13, quadro depressivo leve e 2, depressão severa. A prevalência total de depressão foi 26,78%, sendo maior nas idosas que nos homens (Relação=1,34). A pergunta mais pontuada (“Você deixou de lado muitos de seus interesses e atividades?”) foi selecionada 31 vezes, seguida de “Você prefere ficar em casa a sair e fazer coisas novas?”, pontuada 25 vezes. Concluiu-se que o isolamento e a solidão, indiretamente avaliados nas perguntas 2 e 9, são fatores que influenciam a depressão, selecionados em 12 das 15 escalas aplicadas com resultados positivos para quadros depressivos, reforçando a relação entre a quarentena, imposta pela pandemia da COVID-19, e o aumento da depressão na população idosa, como sugerido em outros estudos.
Does Women’s Empowerment Influence Multidimensional Poverty? Empirical Insight from Rural Odisha of India
Authors: Biswal Surya Narayan , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Sarangi Minaketan
Published: May 2023

The prominent role played by women’s empowerment and multidimensional poverty reduction in the development process is justified by including Goal-1 and Goal-5 under the 2030 agenda of UNDP’s Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the nexus between women’s empowerment and multidimensional poverty in rural areas of the Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha. The Alkire-Foster method is used to construct Women Empowerment Index and Multidimensional Poverty Index. Education, health, economic, and standard of living dimensions construct MPI and economic, social, political, and domestic empowerment dimensions for WEI. This study observed that more than two-thirds of women are deprived of asset ownership and employment, and more than half of nutrition, access to improved sanitation, and clean energy for cooking. The results of the OLS model revealed the positive impact of women’s empowerment with occupation, age, and education in reducing multidimensional poverty. Based on the findings, the study envisages appropriate policy intervention in enhancing the educational level and generation of self-employment opportunities in empowering women and reducing multidimensional poverty.
A Literature Review of Low-Carbon Urban Tourism Indicators and Policy
Authors: Che Leh Fauziah , Mohd Isa Nor Kalsum , Ibrahim Mohd Hairy , Ibrahim Mansor , Mohd Yunos Mohd Yazid , Ibrahim Johan Afendi
Published: May 2023

Low-carbon tourism (LCT) should be promoted in the development of the tourism sector, particularly in urban tourism, associated with the issue of high carbon dioxide emissions from human transportation-related activities and environmental pollution. Unfortunately, until today, there are still no specific guidelines for developing LCT in urban areas on the implementation or assessment criteria for determining the low carbon level. In consequence, the goal of this article is to discuss low-carbon indicators and policies used in the development of urban tourism. We identified 159 low-carbon indicators through content analysis, after reviewing reliable resources from four journal articles and a government policy paper validated using qualitative methods. Some suggested strategies and policies for LCT activities, actions and cooperation from the authorities and residents in implementing LCT as a new tourism development model. The results can be used globally as a basis for the formation of policies and studies related to LCT in urban areas.
A Prospective Observational Study: Prevalence of Comorbidities and Complications among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: K Anuja , G Divya , K Mounika , T Sudha , J Bhargava Narendra , G Srinivas
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of comorbidities and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients in a government general hospital, Ongole Andhra Pradesh. OBJECTIVES:  To estimate the prevalence of co-morbidities & complications in type 2 diabetic patients.To assess the significant relationship between the duration of diabetes and complications. METHODOLOGY: Prospective observational studies that have been conducted on 800 patients in General medicine of a tertiary care hospital among the patients who adhere to criteria were registered in the study. The data was collected by using a well-designed proforma according to the criteria, and the data was analyzed. Inclusion criteria: Diabetic patients > 18 years to <80 years are included. Exclusion criteria: Diabetic patients < 18 years to > 80 years are excluded. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are excluded. RESULTS: This study revealed that out of  800 patients,co-morbid Conditions are  407 (50%) are HTN patients, 109 (13.6%) are CLD patients, 96 (12%) are pancreatitis, 83 (10.3%) are dyslipidemia patients, 77 (9.6%) are Gastritis patients and 48 (6%) are CKD patients. Complications of type 2 Diabetes are 185 (23.1%) are CVD patients, 169 (21.1%) are CVA patients, 126(15.7%) are neuropathy patients, 123 (15.3%) are retinopathy patients, 113(14.1%) are nephropathy patients, 107 (13.3%) are Diabetic foot ulcer patients and 63(7.8%) are ketoacidosis patients. Duration of diabetes less than 5 years is major in number342 (42.7%) which contributes variation in the study190 (24%) are between 6-10 years, 120 (15%) are between 11-15 years, 80 ( 10%) are between 16-20 years, 68 ( 9%) are having a duration greater than 20 years. CONCLUSION: This study mainly focused on patients having a duration of diabetes less than 5 years having complications of 0.8% patients with nephropathy, 2.1% patients with CVD, 1.8% with CVA, 1.2% with diabetic foot ulcer, 0.6% with ketoacidosis, 0.3% with retinopathy, 1% with neuropathy. Between 6-10 years of disease duration, there are 2.5% with nephropathy, 3.3% with CVD, 3% with CVA, 2.2% with diabetic foot ulcer, 0.9% with ketoacidosis, 1.8% with retinopathy, and 1.3% with neuropathy. In between 11-15 years duration with diabetes, there are 3.8%,5%,4.4%, 2.9%, 1.5%, 3.2%, and 3.5% with nephropathy, CVD, CVA, diabetic foot ulcer, ketoacidosis, retinopathy, and neuropathy respectively. As the duration of diabetes increases the occurrence of complications also rises and leads to death.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Purchasing Behavior of Consumers in India
Authors: Tiwari Sadhana
Published: May 2023

In order to maximise the use of billions of customer records, AI-enabled customer journey analytics finds patterns in the data, generates very precise future forecasts, and highlights the key elements and possible roadblocks. In addition to helping businesses enhance customer loyalty and revenues, improve operational efficiency, improve decision-making, and deliver more relevant products and services, AI also helps businesses reduce their customer turnover rate.
Since AI significantly contributed to redefining customer service in recent years, studies in this area have grown in popularity. A few research do, however, point out the important causes behind this evolution in the concept of customer experience. In order to address this gap in the academic literature, this study focuses on how a personalised approach to customer demands, improved service quality, and seamless service abilities acquired by AI have been able to give a better experience for the consumers.
Impact of COVID -19 Era on Supply Chain Management and Logistics of Flipkart Company
Authors: Tiwari Sadhana
Published: May 2023

Supply chain management has restructured how a business can be accomplished not only in India but also throughout the world. Currently Indian having over 500 million internet user which secured the 2nd position in the world after China. The hefty number of internet user sky rocketed E retailing market in India with consumer preferences. Flipkart is one of the big names in E retiling market of India getting over 10000 orders per day. The aim of this research paper to do a deep study of supply chain management and logistics that how Flipkart making the goods available to the consumer at distinct location through over India in given period of time at a minimal cost. Modern technology and network they have implemented over the years to run smooth operations and take a glance at impact of COVID -19 on E commerce business with reference to Flipkart
Application of Geophysical and Geochemical Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment around Cassava Mills in Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ejiro Aweto Kizito
Published: May 2023

Cassava mill effluent (CME) contains a significant concentration of different hazardous inorganic components, especially cyanide (CN), which can result in environmental problems. This study seeks to evaluate the impacts of CME on groundwater around Eku. A 2D electrical resistivity survey, geochemical analysis and groundwater modelling were adopted for this study. The Zones impacted by CME imaged by the inverted resistivity structure were distinguished by low resistivity ranging between 0.46 – 21.05 Ωm. Geochemical analysis of CME indicated high concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), CN, and heavy metal components and have the capability to contaminate surrounding groundwater. The groundwater model showed flow in the Southeast – Northwest (SE – NW) direction with a velocity of 54.24 m/year. The pH value, the concentration of CN, TDS, EC, and heavy metals in groundwater samples, when compared with the WHO drinking standard, revealed that groundwater in only one hand dug well about 20 m away from a cassava mill indicated a significant degree of contamination. A pattern of decreasing CN concentration with distance from the mill was observed in groundwater; areas with CN concentration greater than 0.2 mg/l after 1 year was 30 m away from the cassava mill but extended to about 75 m after 5 years.
Manajemen sarana prasarana pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kepuasan civitas akademik MI Roudlotul Huda Lampung Tengah
Authors: Lutfiyah Binti , Fauzan Ahmad , Junaidah Junaidah , Masayu Sovia , Wuryan Siti , Anwar Muhammad Saidun
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine the role of management of educational facilities and infrastructure in increasing the satisfaction of madrasah residents in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Roudlotul Huda Purwosari Padang Ratu, Central Lampung.

The research method used is descriptive with data collection techniques through questionnaires and interviews. The respondents in this study were madrasah residents consisting of students, teachers, and madrasah staff.

The results showed that the management of educational facilities and infrastructure has an important role in increasing the satisfaction of madrasah residents. The availability of adequate educational facilities and infrastructure such as classrooms, libraries, laboratories, sports facilities, and canteens that are clean and comfortable greatly affects the satisfaction of madrasah residents. In addition, good management in the management of educational facilities and infrastructure such as maintenance, repair, and development of facilities also plays a role in increasing the satisfaction of madrasah residents. In this case, cooperation between madrasah administrators and related parties such as the government and the community is also very important to obtain support in the development of educational facilities and infrastructure. In conclusion, this study shows that the management of educational facilities and infrastructure has a very important role in increasing the satisfaction of madrasah residents. Therefore, efforts need to be made to improve the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure and their management to achieve these goals.
OPTIMASI RUTE PENYEBARAN BROSUR BIMBINGAN BELAJAR MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Hanafi M.Irfan , Billy Coster Junior  , Yesy Diah Rosita
Published: May 2023

Bimbingan belajar Brand Brilliant College (BBC) merupakan salah satu tempat bimbingan belajar di Kecamatan Kutorejo, Kabupaten Mojokerto yang memiliki kegiatan belajar mengajar antara siswa dengan tentor. Di Kecamatan Kutorejo terdapat banyak sekolah berbagai jenjang pendidikan, salah satunya yaitu Sekolah Dasar. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari rute optimal perjalanan dalam kegiatan penyebaran brosur yang sangat diperlukan agar diperoleh efektivitas jarak minimum. Dalam hal ini, teori TSP sebagai salah satu penyelesaian masalah dalam perencanaan. metode yang digunakan untuk TSP yaitu Algoritma Genetika dengan clustering data menggunkan k-means. Lokasi bimbingan belajar direpresentasian dengan garis berarah. Dengan beberapa uji coba menggunakan Algoritma Genetika menghasilkan 3 rute optimal yaitu 1.1-8-6-7-5-4-2, 2.1-3-5-7-8-4-6-9-2 dan 3.1-8-7-11-9-12-5-4-2-3-6-10 dengan jumlah total jarak 46.7972 KM dengan pengujian tersebut dapat menghasilkan rute optimasi untuk perjalanan Staff bimbingan belajar BBC ke Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Kutorejo, Kabupaten Mojokerto
PENCARIAN RUTE OPTIMAL WISATA MOJOKERTO DALAM KASUS TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Jinggo Pratama Adi Surya , Abdul Khamid  , Yesy Diah Rosita
Published: May 2023

Mojokerto terbagi dua yaitu kota dan kabupaten meskipun terbagi dua Mojokerto memiliki sebuah tempat wisata yang dapat dikunjungi untuk yang ingin mencari tempat wisata di mojokerto dalam pencarian wisata yang bagus dan bersejarah. Jika seseorang ingin pergi ketempat wisata dapat memilih biro perjalanan yang mengunjungi beberapa tempat lokasi wisata secara banyak untuk mengupayakan waktu yang cepat. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah dapat memilih rute wisata, aplikasi dapat menemukan rute yang baik dalam menemukan sebuah rute optimal yang bisa dilalui dengan jalur yang terpendek dan mendapatkan jumlah yang optimal untuk perjalanan dalam pencarian wisata di Mojokerto dalam yang sudah disepakati bersama. Dalam pencarin rute optimal wisata mojokerto dalam kasus TSP menggunakan Algoritma Genetika dengan melakukan uji coba mendapatkan 3 rute optimal yaitu 11-7-15-5-8-11, 11-2-12-3-4-1-11 dan 11-14-9-13-6-10-11 dengan total jarak 32.5366, 40.2135, dan 53.7129 KM. Pengujian tersebut didapatkan untuk rekomendasi rute dalam wisata di mojokerto yaitu 32.5366 dengan rute 11-7-15-5-8-11.
IMPLEMENTASI ALAT PENGATUR KELEMBAPAN TANAMAN PEPPERMINT HIDROPHONIK DENGAN IOT DI SUFIAGRIFARM TEGAL
Authors: Donny Maulana  , Irfan Afriantoro
Published: May 2023

Seiring begitu cepatnya perkembangan teknologi, dalam bidang informasi maupun Internet of Thinks (IoT) yang begitu cepat perkembangannya serta menghasilkan banyak sekali manfaat yang dihasilkan untuk membantu manusia baik dalam bidang Pendidikan, manufaktur dan pertanian. Saat ini banyak teknologi yang masih belum bisa di implementasikan dalam bidang tertentu contohnya seperti pertanian, dimana masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga memakan banyak waktu, biaya dan juga tenaga lebih dalam pengerjaannya. Seperti kendala yang ada pada Sufiagrifarm, untuk melakukan pemenuhan kebutuhan suhu dan kelembapan pada tananam Pappermint yang menggunakan System tanam hidrophonik masih dilakukan secara manual dengan cara menyemprotkan tanaman dengan spray yang menghasilkan embun. Dengan adanya permasalahan itu makan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pihak Sufiagrifarm dalam mengatasi permasalahan dalam pengaturan suhu dan kelembapan pada tanaman peppermint agar pemenuhan suhu dan kelembapan pada tanaman peppermint dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan dapat dimonitoring secara real time. Pengembangan  metode ini menggunakan metode SDLC Waterfall. Aplikasi ini dibuat menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman Java dengan menggunakan Platform MITApp inventor, untuk alatnya dibuat menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino dengan Bahasa pemrograman C didukung perangkat seperti Thingspeak. Hasil dari penelitian ini  untuk membantu pemenuhan suhu dan kelembapan pada budidaya peppermint di Sufiagrifarm.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN SAYUR MAYUR BERBASIS WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN METODE USER CENTERED DESIGN
Authors: Aprilia Tika Rahayu  , Septi Andryana
Published: May 2023

Toko Sayur Mayur Om Hendrik melakukan penjualan dan pembelian sayur mayur yang dilakukan secara langsung antara penjual dan pembeli. Seringkali kenaikan harga sayur mayur yang tiba-tiba naik membuat Toko Om Hendrik mendapatkan komplain dari pembelinya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah platform untuk promosi, sistem informasi yang dapat digunakan untuk transaksi penjualan, dan pemesanan melalui WhatsApp. Sisi client dan server dari sistem ini dibangun. Fondasi sistem ini adalah sebuah situs web yang ditulis dalam bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data MySQL. Metode UCD (User Centered Design) digunakan untuk membuat website ini, dan diagram UML (Unified Modeling Language) digunakan untuk menjelaskan studi perancangan sistem. Sistem informasi penjualan sayuran yang dibangun meliputi pembuatan laporan berkala secara otomatis, informasi ketersediaan stok sayuran, dan layanan pesan sayuran secara online yang terhubung dengan chatting WhatsApp. Sistem informasi ini dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan Toko Sayur Om Hendrik secara signifikan.
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBAYARAN KOMITE SEKOLAH BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Mude Anastasia , Puang Arsyad Ba’diah
Published: May 2023

Dewan Sekolah adalah badan independen yang dirancang untuk mengakomodasi lingkungan atau peran masyarakat di sekolah. Di SMA Negeri 1 Ende, peran komite sekolah adalah memantau dan mengontrol kontribusi siswa terhadap sekolah. Pengelolaan dana komite ditangani langsung oleh bagian keuangan komite sekolah, dan proses pencatatannya masih tercatat di buku besar sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan. Akibatnya, bendahara kesulitan membuat laporan pertanggungjawaban pendapatan dan laporan siswa yang belum atau sudah dibayarkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat suatu sistem pengelolaan pembayaran komite yang akan membuat proses pengelolaan informasi pembayaran komite menjadi lebih cepat, mudah dan efisien. Perangkat lunak yang dikembangkan menggunakan model Waterfall SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah PHP dan CSS, serta pengelolaan database menggunakan MySQL. Perancangan sistem menggunakan pendekatan berorientasi objek dan pemodelan UML (Unified Modeling Language). Hasil pengujian fungsional menggunakan pengujian black box. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi sistem informasi pembayaran komite, yang akan memudahkan dalam melakukan transaksi pembayaran dan pengelolaan data pembayaran komite oleh bendahara komite.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE SIMPLE MULTI ATTRIBUTE RATING TECHNIQUE (SMART) PADA SISTEM INFORMASI PENENTUAN BEASISWA BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Ahmad Heru Mujianto  , Aldi Sawung Sajiyanto  , Hadi Sucipto
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan hal yang wajib ditempuh setiap individu, namun permasalahan muncul ketika seseorang siswa berasal dari keluarga kurang mampu, mengingat biaya pendidikan tidaklah murah. Kementrian pendidikan memberikan bantuan biaya pendidikan kepada siswa kurang mampu dan siswa berprestasi, dengan kuota terbatas. Kondisi tersebut membuat sekolah harus melakukan seleksi penerimaan beasiswa berdasarkan beberapa kriteria. Permasalahan muncul ketika proses seleksi beasiswa dilakukan secara manual, yang dapat berdampak hasil seleksi kurang tepat kepada penerima beasiswa. Sistem pendukung keputusan menjadi solusi sebagai alat bantu untuk melakukan seleksi penerimaan beasiswa secara lebih efektif. Metode SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) merupakan metode dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menangani permasalahan multi kriteria berdasarkan perhitungan bobot kriteria, sehingga memperoleh hasil yang terbaik. Kriteria dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahun, keterampilan, muatan lokal, dan kondisi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode SMART dapat diterapkan untuk melakukan seleksi penerimaan beasiswa, sehingga hasil tersebut dijadikan rekomendasi pihak sekolah dalam memutuskan siswa penerima beasiswa