bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Higher Visceral Adipose Tissue Burden May Benefit From Higher Infliximab Concentrations to Achieve Remission
Authors: Yarur Andres J. , Abreu Maria T. , Deepak Parakkal , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Papamichael Konstantinos , Vaughn Byron , Bruss Alexandra , Sekhri Shaina , Moosreiner Andrea , Gu Phillip , Kennedy William , Dubinsky Marla , Cheifetz Adam , Melmed Gil Y.
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:

In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) burden is associated with a lower response to infliximab, potentially through alterations in volume distribution and/or clearance. Differences in VAT may also explain the heterogeneity in target trough levels of infliximab associated with favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether VAT burden may be associated with infliximab cutoffs associated with efficacy in patients with IBD.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of patients with IBD receiving maintenance infliximab therapy. We measured baseline body composition parameters (Lunar iDXA), disease activity, trough levels of infliximab, and biomarkers. The primary outcome was steroid-free deep remission. The secondary outcome was endoscopic remission within 8 weeks of infliximab level measurement.

RESULTS:

Overall, 142 patients were enrolled. The optimal trough levels of infliximab cutoffs associated with steroid-free deep remission and endoscopic remission were 3.9 mcg/mL (Youden Index [J]: 0.52) for patients in the lowest 2 VAT % quartiles (<1.2%) while optimal infliximab level cutoffs associated with steroid-free deep remission for those patients in the highest 2 VAT % quartiles was 15.3 mcg/mL (J: 0.63). In a multivariable analysis, only VAT % and infliximab level remained independently associated with steroid-free deep remission (odds ratio per % of VAT: 0.3 [95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.64], P < 0.001 and odds ratio per μg/mL: 1.11 [95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.19], P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

The results may suggest that patients with higher visceral adipose tissue burden may benefit from achieving higher infliximab levels to achieve remission.
The Cinema of Stephanie Rothman
Authors: Kozma Alicia
Published: May 2023

Though an in-depth case study of exploitation film director Stephanie Rothman, this book examines the problems and successes of the memorialization of women's directorial labor, connecting historical and contemporary patterns of gendered labor disparity in the film industry. This book is simultaneously a theorization of the transitory industrial space of second wave exploitation film, the first in-depth scholarly consideration of Rothman, the debut of the most substantive archival materials collected on Rothman, and a feminist political intervention into the construction of film histories.
Imagining a Post-Patriarchy
Authors: Kozma Alicia
Published: May 2023

Chapter 6 tackles The Student Nurses (1970) and Terminal Island (1973), perhaps Rothman's only widely known films. Both films highlight women's struggle against patriarchal control, albeit in distinctly different ways. Between the liberal individualism of The Student Nurses and the anarcho-communitarianism of Terminal Island, Rothman attempts to map pathways into a post-patriarchal future.
Memories of Underemployment
Authors: Kozma Alicia
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines Rothman's film, The Working Girls (1974), and traces the post-directorial work she did in the industry before leaving Hollywood for good in the mid-1980s. The chapter rearticulates how historical case studies can illuminate and clarify contemporary issues of gender parity in film industry employment. Lastly, the chapter connects Rothman-and other women working in Hollywood in the 1970s-with contemporary women in the industry, demonstrating a continuum of gendered exclusion, erasure, and systemic discriminatory practices in the film industries.
Empowering Girls
Authors: Fritz Sonya Sawyer , Green-Barteet Miranda A.
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses school spaces in Nineteenth century transatlantic literature, arguing these sites are liminal spaces which provide a site of autonomy for crossing racial and national divisions. Schools are depicted as interstitial spaces where girls escape the restrictions of home, developing an empowered sense of identity despite their regimented structure. It examines Our Nig, The Story of Avis, “The Moss Rose,” and Betty, A Schoolgirl to explore how school spaces offer an alternative to the domestic sphere and freedom from authority by allowing girls to test the boundaries that limit them to the domestic. This is especially true for spaces that exist on the edges of school space. The chapter points out the differences between the British stories, which tend to be moralistic and depict liminal spaces as sites for personal maturation and American stories, which stress the ways in which school spaces can offer girls true autonomy.
Race and Space in Daniel José Older’s Shadowshaper
Authors: Rivera Cristina , Trevarrow Andrew
Published: May 2023

This chapter deconstructs the narrative of Daniel José Older’s Shadowshaper to examine the complexities of representing Latinx characters within the white theoretical framework of the young adult novel. The chapter examines how Older uses urban fantasy to create a distinct space which allows non-white bodies to exist authentically and to generate an empathic reader-response. Humanizing brown and black characters are underrepresented in speculative fiction, de-incentivizing non-white readers and denying white readers the opportunity to conceptualize the consciousness of unfamiliar cultures through strategic empathizing. Older’s diverse characters navigate and reclaim white spaces, utilizing space to challenge the reader to reconsider racial and spatial expectations.
And History Shall Never Forget You
Authors: Elliott Jack D.
Published: May 2023

With the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Falkner organized a company of cavalry, reporting to Governor John J. Pettus in his role as the area’s brigadier general. Mississippi soon seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. The time that followed for Falkner included combat and tragic family losses. This chapter details the first years of the Civil War, from the personal life of Falkner to an overview of relevant military history.
The Railroad Plods Along
Authors: Elliott Jack D.
Published: May 2023

Falkner’s railroad was at last coming to fruition, and this good luck continued with his daughter’s marriage in 1874. These happy times faltered, however, with his son’s early death at the age of twenty-four and financial problems persisting with the ongoing construction of the railroad. While the legalization and use of convict labor held possibilities for easing the financial strain, the bad luck continued with the death of C. E. Hines, an engineer and owner of the railway. This chapter illustrates the personal and business-related difficulties Falkner faced as the railroad construction came to a halt.
Novelist and World Traveler
Authors: Elliott Jack D.
Published: May 2023

In the 1880s, Falkner put his railroad ambitions on hold and pursued his numerous other business affairs and interests. This included the serial publication in the Ripley Advertiser of Falkner’s novel The White Rose of Memphis. Another novel, The Little Brick Church, soon followed. The relative success of this second novel brought another one of his works to light: a play titled The Lost Diamond. Besides literary pursuits, Falkner also traveled at this time, visiting Europe for several months beginning in May of 1883. He continued to write during his travels, keeping journals of his experiences. This chapter examines the various elements of Falkner’s literary works and travel writings.
Editing the Field Notes
Authors: Bokelman Marina
Published: May 2023

This chapter begins with Marina Bokelman’s explanation of the nature and importance of keeping daily, detailed fieldnotes. She explains how she was able to edit the field notes of both authors in such a way as to create an interesting and informative story of the young folklorists’ fieldwork experiences. She explains that she alternated the two author’s words to describe the daily events of their joint fieldwork, using both voices a in such a way as to create a coherent narrative flow, sometimes using both authors’ accounts of the same event to create perspective and depth. She emphasizes how the two authors’ keeping of detailed, personalized field notes enabled her to create the experience for the reader of entering into the story and participating in the adventure.
On the Road Again
Authors: Bokelman Marina , Evans David
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents the field notes of the authors written during their 1967 field trip to record blues music in Louisiana and Mississippi. The notes describe recording and interview sessions, social interactions with the musicians and their families and friends, travel, leisure time activities, and problems related to fieldwork, particularly unusual problems related to obtaining healthy lodgings. The chapter is illustrated by many documentary photographs taken by Marina Bokelman.
After the Field
Authors: Bokelman Marina
Published: May 2023

This chapter summarizes the life of co-author Marina Bokelman following the 1967 fieldwork, her career as a practicing folklorist, folk singer, herbalist and healer and her friendship with Dale Pendell (ethnobotanist, writer and poet). She details her experiences with courtship rituals and folksongs in North Carolina and her years with Paiute healer Raymond Stone, including a description of her Pipe Fast and a description on how to build a willow-framed sweat lodge. In 1981 she received a California Arts Council grant to document the social and cultural life of the San Juan Ridge, a vibrant counter-culture community in the Sierra Nevada Foothills. She later created a community singing program for the Nevada County Library. She discusses oral tradition.
Smoker beyond the Sea
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

This volume traces the deep changes affecting Puerto Rican tobacco growers and manufacturers and their export markets from the European discovery of the island to the present. It examines the transitions from medicinal uses, the manufacture of tobacco rolls fit for chewing and pipe smoking, followed by the appropriation of the Cuban paradigm for cigars and cigarettes, and, finally, to the US models after the 1898 invasion. It also offers the only history of the US tobacco monopoly in agriculture and manufacture from its beginning in 1899 to the bankruptcy of its last successor company forty years later.
This research offers a multidisciplinary approach to the history of tobacco that documents the organization of the cigar and cigarette manufacturing sectors and the resulting development of trade unions and socialist ideals. This investigation also gives due attention to the modifications that farmers made to tobacco planting and harvesting techniques in fine tuning them to the expected aromas and tastes of the manufactured commodities. The book also provides the only narrative of the rise and maturity of the Hermanos Cheos, a powerful apocalyptical movement, that began and spread in the tobacco growing regions. The volume pays considerable attention to gender relations in the labor process not only in the manufacturing sector but also in tobacco agriculture.
From Handcrafted Tobacco Rolls to Machine-Made Cigarettes, 1847–1903
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

Tobacco agriculture experienced a mid nineteenth century readaptation, from the inexpensive cut tobacco for pipes in the Netherlands, Hamburg, Bremen, and France to specialize in a superior filler exported to Cuba and the economical boliche for Spanish cigarettes. New areas in the highlands, around Cayey and Comerío, proved more suitable for Cuban style leaf than the traditional growing areas in the northwest, close to Isabela, or in the southwest, near Yauco.
Cigar manufactures for the local market, already present in small artisanal shops, in time, expanded to a factory setting where some employed more than a hundred workers by the century’s end. This chapter also documents how some larger undertakings experienced vertical integration that, at times, included growing their own leaf, manufacture, and export. By the end of the Spanish colonial regime, three large firms had established steam driven cigarette factories.
The Development of the “Porto Rico” Cigar and the Independent Manufacturers, 1899–1929
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

Chapter 3 documents how tobacco interests, independent of the American Tobacco Company (the tobacco trust) developed a cigar, the “Porto Rico,” that held some sway in the US market to a lesser extent than the Havana and Manila archetypes. It examines the changes in the nature and ownership of these factories and the strategies employed to market local cigars in the United States. The tactics ranged from singling the geographic provenance of the cigars, as a sign of prestige; to associating them with the Havana cigar; and to marketing them, as a generic merchandise, with no reference as to their origin. In a matter of a few years the “Porto Rico” cigar came to have its own distinct characteristics that set it apart from other incarnations of the cigar.
Tobacco Leaf Dealers, Stemmers, and Merchants after the Invasion
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

Chapter 6 examines the independent firms and individuals that served as intermediaries between the growers and the manufacturers, during the early decades of the twentieth century. These intermediaries ranged from large growers, shopkeepers, overseas exporters, and witnessed the rise of a large scale dealer dedicated almost exclusively to the tobacco trade. The domination of the large dealer went in a tandem with the proliferation of tobacco stemmeries and leaf packers, the occasional bank, and the manufacturers themselves. Consequently, the chapter documents development of marketing oligopolies that followed the formidable concentration of cigar leaf trading into few firms after the 1898 invasion. It also examines the creation of leaf marketing cooperatives of tobacco growers with liens (refacción) of their members’ crops in an attempt to wrest control of the leaf trade away from the hands of large dealers.
“Fucking Oklahoma”
Authors: Rondinelli Zachary J. A.
Published: May 2023

This chapter proposes a new model for understanding the aesthetic of transmedia storytelling that utilizes a transactional approach to suggest that the criteria by which the transmedia aesthetic should be evaluated rests not within the aesthetic object itself, but rather in the space between the object and the reader/viewer (the aesthetic experience). Through a discussion of “Peteypedia,” Watchmen’s various (inter/para)textual identities, and FBI Agent Laurie Blake as an example of the reader/viewer’s journey through, between, and across the texts that make up Watchmen’s transmedia narrative, this chapter reveals HBO’s Watchmen as an example of transmedia storytelling that successfully leverages intertextuality and paratextual transactions towards the evocation of a unique transmedia aesthetic experience.
Sister Night and Her Squad
Authors: Moore Chamara
Published: May 2023

This essay argues that by centering Regina King’s character Angela Abar in the show’s narrative, Watchmen centers a healing of not only intergenerational racial trauma, but of the very relationship between adaptation and Black identity, utilizing HBO’s television medium to do more overtly anti-racist and Black feminist work than its original text. This centering of Black femme embodiment and Afrofuturist vision solidifies Lindelof’s show in the legacy of Black Speculative fiction to make a larger argument for a new American imaginary informed by an ethic of care and healing pioneered by Black feminist thinkers.
“It Is Difficult to Be a White Man in America”
Authors: Faucette Brian
Published: May 2023

The chapter examines the HBO show Watchmen, paying close attention to how it depicts and critiques notions of whiteness and white masculinity in America. It argues that white masculinity can be discussed in relation to the rise of the alt-right, white supremacy, and white nationalism. The essay positions the series in connection with larger conversations in America that emerged as a result of the election of Trump and with that election the more vocal, visual, and emboldened white supremacy and nationalism that now threaten the nation.
“Who Watches the Watchmen”
Authors: Hatchell Rusty
Published: May 2023

By using critical race theory and a media industries approach to television authorship, this chapter considers the potential of quality television as a subversive and reconstructive platform for cultural historical recovery and agency. Functioning both as a progressive push for representation within the superhero media genre as well as commentary on the real life injustices toward the Black cultural narratives that have been violated and erased by institutions of white supremacy, this essay offers an examination of how this particular episode of superhero television was able to break through as a defining moment in post-network television’s evolution as cultural forum.
The Epideictic Use of Restorative Nostalgia in Doomsday Clock
Authors: Kirchoff Jeffrey SJ
Published: May 2023

This chapter positions nostalgia as the thematic and rhetorical center of the Watchmen universe. The chapter first notes nostalgia’s prevalence and importance in both the Watchmen (Moore and Gibbons, 1986) and Before Watchmen comic series (various creative teams, 2012) before turning its attention to DC’s most recent revisiting of this intellectual property, Watchmen: Doomsday Clock. Crafted by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank in 2017, Doomsday Clock merges the world of Watchmen with the world of DC’s “mainstream” stable of superheroes. Doomsday Clock simultaneously shows respect and admiration for the original Watchmen property while also reclaiming the ideals found in golden-age superhero stories that the original Watchmen critiques. In doing so, the chapter suggests that Doomsday Clock takes on an Aristotelian epideictic function. Drawing from various theories of nostalgia, the chapter argues that an appeal to nostalgia is what defines Watchmen: Doomsday Clock as a nuanced, complicated form of Aristotle’s epideictic rhetoric.
Diverse Family Structures in Watchmen
Authors: Vozar Tracy E. Moran
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, a caregiver and child psychologist analyzes the strong themes pertaining to diverse family structures and family systems theory found in HBO’s 2019 Watchmen series. Notable themes that permeate the current series and tie it to its preceding comics and film included intergenerational attachment and trauma, separation, grief, and loss of loved ones. Throughout the narrative, an overarching question of “Who makes a family?,” along with metaphors of chickens and eggs and striking family tree imagery link the series’ episodes. Attachment styles are showcased in the interactions among family members. In particular, a looming, at times protective, at times absent, and at times menacing image of the roles of parents weaves throughout Watchmen. Another theme of good versus evil or heroes versus villains—or empaths versus narcissists—unfolds within families and across character’s relationships. Angela as trustworthy, caring matriarch juxtaposed with the harsh cruelty and psychopathy of Ozymandias provides a dialectic of caregiving styles that is enthralling.
“So, You’ve Taken Someone Else’s Nostalgia”
Authors: Hallam Lindsay
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the many ways that Watchmen challenges nostalgia, its alternative history acting as a corrective to the nostalgic view of American history as one that is righteous and just, a narrative reinforced by the superhero narratives that are so currently in vogue (and so often present the superhero as almost exclusively white and male). Echoing Watchmen comic co-creator Alan Moore’s statement that the first superhero film was DW Griffith’s Birth of a Nation, the television series, just as the comic did before it, provides an alternative history (and present) that deconstructs the superhero narrative, revealing the trauma that is so often (literally) masked.
On “Unadaptability” (Or, Requiem for a Squid)
Authors: Scott Suzanne
Published: May 2023

This chapter analyses the presence of the squid in the original Watchmen graphic novel in order to reconcile the pleasures of medium specificity and transmediality that are central to Watchmen’s enduring appeal. Watchmen, in all of its instantiations, interrogates how we come to believe what we believe. It is a story about the cost of not interrogating hegemonic narratives, and the individual and societal hurts those narratives can cause. The squid, perhaps, is the most literal embodiment of this, a media effects monstrosity with the ability to directly implant a desired narrative into the cultural consciousness. If the graphic novel’s cephalopodic conclusion exemplifies both the destructive power and utopian possibility of bringing people together, then After Midnight makes a compelling case for us to move beyond longstanding efforts to narratively implant Watchmen as an “unadaptable” object.
Not Falling Apart in the Face of Horror
Authors: Currie Keith
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the themes of abjection and base materialism that pervade Stephen King’s IT, with reference to the writings of critical theorist Georges Bataille (1897-1962), whose diverse oeuvre engaged with the themes of violence, eroticism, and sacred experience. His theories, especially those of Base Matter and Heterology, lend themselves extremely well to critiques of the horror genre, as they legitimize the concerns and preoccupations of its practitioners. Furthermore, Bataille’s theories furnish the reader of the Horror text with a dynamic cipher with which to interpret it, and relate it to wider social and cultural concerns.This chapter concludes that, unlike Bataille, King’s novel offers an escape vector from relationships of uneasy complicity, albeit one that dooms Derry to the slow demise experienced by any number of American towns and cities in the post-industrial era.
Send in the Clowns
Authors: Shaw Shannon S.
Published: May 2023

In the newest movie adaptation of IT, the voice of one of the seven Losers, Mike Hanlon, concedes that “people want to believe that they are what they choose to remember: the good stuff, the moments, the places, the people we all hold on to.” He continues, ominously, “but, sometimes…sometimes…we are what we wish we could forget.” Hanlon’s words hint at a much deeper darkness than that of the terror The Losers Club experienced in their hometown of Derry. The larger significance of the curse that is Pennywise lies in the darkness embedded in the horror of colonialism and the clowning spectacle of the American Dream: ultimately, underneath the candy apples, cotton candy, and capitalism, America is “what we wish we could forget,” and the performativity of the ideal that is the American Dream functions as a veil under which to hide the real terror.
“Goin on to Register”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

The speakers in this section were among the hundreds of people who responded to the first call for voter registration. Without the determined support of these people there would have been no movement. They understood the danger involved in defying an oppressive system, but they despised the false security of passively accepting a way of life that cruelly exploited them. Most of the speakers who follow were well into middle age when they voted for the first time. Their memories of the distant past should give some idea of the kind of world these men and women now sought to change. Interviews are included from E. D. Liddell, Mary Sue Rivers, June Dowdy, Early B. Williams, Venetta Gray, and Gyp Walker.
“It’s Gonna Take Bone Determination”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

Public school integration did not begin in Fayette County until twelve years after the Supreme Court decision. McFerren and the league brought the school authorities to court, and in 1966, the Board of Education was ordered to integrate its schools. Interviewees Edward Gray and James Jamerson were two of the first Black students to graduate from an integrated Fayette County school system. Venetta Gray recounts the difficulties of a family determined to give their child a high school education, a story that served as a source of strength for her son Edward. Cleotis Williams shares his experience of entering a white school. His account suggests that meaningful integration—that is, lives experienced in sympathetic relation to each other—is difficult to achieve even when there is abundant good will.
“It’s a Power Structure type of Operation”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

In late 1965, President Johnson’s War on Poverty reached Fayette county. The various federal programs that came to the county were greeted with optimism. Numerous members of the Black community were either elected or appointed to serve on the board of directors of the Fayette County Economic Development Commission, and many Blacks found employment in these programs. Because of these positive aspects, Blacks were patient with the many abuses within the administrative structure. While the first executive director of the County Economic Development Commission being a Black man elected with some white support, the board of directors fell out of the hands of the poor following his death, and subsequent mismanagement led to declining aid for and participation from those who needed it most. These obstacles, compounded with the crisis in Vietnam, lead to Blacks in Fayette County facing their new crisis alone. The government, media, and general public had turned their attention elsewhere.
“Doin Somethin You Knew Was Right”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

Tension from the Hobson Incident remained when school reconvened in September. The blatant injustice of the Hobson beating stimulated Black high school students to protest the injustice that affected their own lives most directly. Since Edward Gray entered Fayette High in 1966 there had been some integration in the schools, but not very much. Students at W. P. Ware decided to protest the separate and unequal conditions of the county schools by leaving their classrooms and marching into the white school to register. Ophelia Gray and David Niles describe the ensuing confrontation and the aftermath. Myles Wilson and Leroy Shaw were both teachers who took an active part in community action. The McFerrens were active in bringing league support to thirteen teachers who fired as a result of trying to form a union. Once again, the white power structure applied vicious pressure.
Afterword to the New Edition
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

When the book was first published forty-nine years earlier, the author kept his personal observations to a minimum. In this afterword, however, he reflects on how the book came about, how it was written, and details a few thoughts on the current state of affairs in Fayette County. He also reflects on what has and has not changed in race relations in the United States.
Creole, Creolization, the Creole State, and the Creoles
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

Chapter 1 presents the process of Creolization as both a concept and a sociological and historical model useful to describe the development of jazz that started as a localized and versatile micromusic played by musicians of varied cultural background. A short history of Louisiana and a description of its Creole communities and changing race relations provides information for readers to better understand the wide range of music played in New Orleans since the early days of the French colony. The chapter closes by introducing the interviews of two women, Alice Zeno (1864–1960) and Jeanne Wogan Arguedas (1886–1969), whose lives offer concrete examples of the complex integration and daily contacts of the many cultures and social classes in the city and neighboring plantations.
Black American/French Creole Folk Music
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

Chapter 2 starts by describing the characteristics of, and similarities between, Black American folk music and Creole songs and their variants, while outlining the latter distinctive use of Caribbean rhythms such as the habanera and the tresillo. Creoles songs, including dance songs, work songs, street cries, and Voodoo songs, were played and sang on the French plantations, Congo Square and in the streets of New Orleans. New information about Congo Square after the Civil War where Danses Créoles were held, and the survival of similar dances, and Voodoo ceremonies in New Orleans and in the countryside strongly suggest that early jazz musicians might have witnessed remnant of the antebellum Sunday gatherings of enslaved people in their childhood.
The Day the Music Lived
Authors: Jones Christine Hand
Published: May 2023

Christine Hand Jones analyzes the text and music of both The Band’s and Bob Dylan’s work, before and after their time together, giving a glimpse into the influence each artist had on the other. Jones suggests that, following Dylan’s motorcycle accident in 1966, both Dylan and The Band were primed to experiment with their music. Music from Big Pink specifically signals “The Band’s independence from their famous friend and mentor [Bob Dylan],” yet “his influence—even when uncredited—is palpable.” Both musicians merged blues, country, rock, and folk influences, along with “biblical imagery and messianic undertones” to select songs.
Half Past Dead
Authors: Coleman Joshua
Published: May 2023

In “Half Past Dead: Remnant Identity in The Band’s America,” Joshua Coleman investigates American identity within The Band’s work. Coleman writes, “By giving close attention to their first two albums, Music from Big Pink and The Band, we find unusual types of suffering—or sufferers—who, having lost all cultural supports, have created themselves ex nihilo in the face of oppressive and misleading American metanarratives.” This chapter concludes by arguing that The Band’s songs ultimately remain character-driven narratives that present a personal plight of creating a new self in the aftermath of “broken beliefs and ideals.”
Entanglement and Sainthood
Authors: Plasketes George
Published: May 2023

With “Entanglement and Sainthood: Carrying ‘The Weight’ across the Endless Highway,” George Plasketes considers The Band’s music through the contextual history of the group and the content of the music: the unique characters and enduring mythology. The various attributes of the song, ranging from its multiple possible meanings, its blending of genres, and its timeless story, makes it an enduring classic.
Literacy and Education
Authors: Tillman Katherine D. C. , Hopkins Pauline E.
Published: May 2023

This chapters analyzes how Katherine D. C. Tillman and Pauline E. Hopkins, two contemporaries of Cooper and Matthews, fulfill the demands of their philosophical declarations regarding the purposes of race literature. Two of Tillman’s novellas published in the late nineteenth century and one of Hopkins’ serialized novels published in first decade of the twentieth century serve as embodiments of their declarations. Tillman, for example, creates exemplar characters who seek education for the betterment of the self and the community. Hopkins focuses on an education that values instruction in both an African and Western diasporic lens. This chapter notes that Tillman and Hopkins’ literary imaginations are illustrative of the kind of race literature hoped for by their contemporaries Cooper and Matthews. This chapter also reveals how Tillman and Hopkins employ and advocate transformational literacy practices in their literary works.
Literacy, Literature, and Classic Blues
Authors: Fauset Jessie Redmon , Rainey Gertrude “Ma”
Published: May 2023

This chapter demonstrates that a continued divergence away from Cooper and Matthews’ race literature declarations, particularly the advocacy of literature and literacy as transformational, is evident in Jessie Fauset’s Comedy: American Style and Gertrude “Ma” Rainey blues lyrics. Fauset’s novel exposes the pitfalls of literacy and education that elevates white patriarchal norms at the expense of Black selfhood which, in turn, nullifies any path toward individual and communal transformation. Rainey’s blues departs from mainstream uses of literacy as transformational and instead turns to a specular form of literacy that affirms the linguistic and cultural forms of a subset of the Black working classes.
Literacy, the Folk, and Classic Blues
Authors: Hurston Zora Neale , Spivey Victoria
Published: May 2023

This chapter reiterates how movement away from traditional conceptions of race literature codified in the philosophical declarations of Cooper and Matthews continues to emerge in the literature and music of the New Negro Era. Zora Neale Hurston, a brilliant participant observer of the folk traditions, sounds, and linguistic habits of the folk in Jonah’s Gourd Vine, and Victoria Spivey’s classic blues acting as a keen witness of the folk, spin tales of lives lived without adherence to educational, linguistic, or behavioral practices inherent in uses and conceptions of transformational literacy. This chapter thus points out how Hurston’s novel and Spivey’s blues are important departures from traditional uses of literacy and into specular uses of literacy.
Authentic Irony
Authors: Dubrofsky Rachel E.
Published: May 2023

The chapter looks at the series UnREAL to explore how irony and self-reflexivity bolster authenticity, center whiteness, and animate racism. The action follows the lives of producers who make a fake reality TV show fashioned after The Bachelor. UnREAL self-consciously reflects on the reality TV genre and on the role of surveillance in creating racist and sexist stories for a TV series. White women are often given complexity and depth, particularly by establishing an authentic inner core, which stands in contrast to characters of color who are not given depth or complexity. The series uses humor and ironic self-reflexivity to comment on the TV industry. The few characters of color are flat and represent race issues, not allowed to tell their own stories. The series also confirms the racialized stereotype that Black women who are too angry and aggressive cannot find love.
Implementation of Goods and Services Procurement Policy in Handling Victims of KDRT at UPTD PPA Sidoarjo Regency, East Java
Authors: Fauziah Luluk , Mashudi Mashudi , Windriya Anafil , Abadi Totok Wahyu , Rahmawati Irena
Published: May 2023

The state is always present in solving problems of violence, including sexual violence against women and children. The presence of this state is also one of the embodiments of the Indonesian constitution which states that the Government of the Republic of Indonesia was formed to protect the entire nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia. Cases of violence against women and children (KtPA) is an iceberg phenomenon. Cases that are recorded and reported are only a small part of the cases that actually occur in the community. Cases of violence against women and children occur both in the family realm (KDRT) and in the public sphere, with a wider spectrum with increasingly diverse modes. The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of Goods and Services in handling victims of domestic violence, who are the actors associated with the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of goods and services in the handling of victims and what are the factors constraining the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of goods and services in the handling of victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. UPTD PPA Sidoarjo Regency, East Java.
Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Xing Junyue , Wang Hongdan , Xie Yuanyuan , Fan Taibing , Cui Cunying , Li Yanan , Wang Shuai , Gu Weiyue , Wang Chengzeng , Tang Hao , Liu Lin
Published: May 2023

Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a severe cyanotic congenital heart disease. Although some genetic mutations have been described to be associated with PA, the knowledge of pathogenesis is insufficient. The aim of this research was to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) to determine novel rare genetic variants in PA patients. We performed WES in 33 patients (27 patient–parent trios and 6 single probands) and 300 healthy control individuals. By applying an enhanced analytical framework to incorporate de novo and case–control rare variation, we identified 176 risk genes (100 de novo variants and 87 rare variants). Protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis and Genotype-Tissue Expression analysis revealed that 35 putative candidate genes had PPIs with known PA genes with high expression in the human heart. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that 27 genes that were identified as novel PA genes that could be affected by the surrounding single nucleotide polymorphism were screened. Furthermore, we screened rare damaging variants with a threshold of minor allele frequency at 0.5% in the ExAC_EAS and GnomAD_exome_EAS databases, and the deleteriousness was predicted by bioinformatics tools. For the first time, 18 rare variants in 11 new candidate genes have been identified that may play a role in the pathogenesis of PA. Our research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PA and helps to identify the critical genes for PA.
SrMg2Ga2with ThCr2Si2-type structure
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: May 2023

The gallide SrMg2Ga2was obtained by direct reaction of the elements in a sealed tantalum ampoule. Single crystals were grown by slowly cooling the sample within a muffle furnace. The SrMg2Ga2structure was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data:I4/mmm,a= 450.52(7),c= 1169.39(18) pm, wR2 = 0.0349, 164F2values, 11 variables. The magnesium and gallium atoms build up a three-dimensional [Mg2Ga2] network which is composed of layers of edge-sharing MgGa4tetrahedra with 280 pm Mg–Ga. Adjacent layers are condensed by Ga–Ga bonding (253 pm). The strontium atoms fill large Ga8Mg8cages. Electronic structure calculations within Density Functional Theory (DFT) show charge transfers from Sr and Mg to Ga with ionocovalent behavior. The electronic density of states is dominated by Ga states and reveals metallic behavior. The chemical bonding is strong with dominant Mg–Ga and Ga–Ga mixing.
Close-to-Nature Forestry Measures in East Polissia Region of Ukraine
Authors: Zhezhkun Anatoly Mykolayovych , Kubrakov Serhiy , Porokhniach Ihor , Kovalenko Ihor , Melnyk Tetiana
Published: May 2023

The article discusses close-to-nature forestry measures for the natural regeneration of pure and mixed pine forests. It is shown that successful natural regeneration of high value tree species takes place after uniformly gradual logging and progressive strip felling as final cutting operations in pure pine forests in fresh or moist oak-pine forest stands on sandy soil, resulting in the development of natural young pine forests with mixed composition. The article analyzes the state of natural regeneration after the first cycle of transformation felling operations in pure even-aged pine stands aimed at converting them into mixed pine forests of natural origin. Systems of close-to-nature silvicultural measures for restoration, development, improvement and regeneration of forest stands in the process of continuous cover forestry have been elaborated.
Stable kinetochore‐microtubule attachment requires loop‐dependent Ndc80‐Ndc80 binding
Authors: Polley Soumitra , Müschenborn Helen , Terbeck Melina , De Antoni Anna , Vetter Ingrid R , Dogterom Marileen , Musacchio Andrea , Volkov Vladimir A , Huis in 't Veld Pim J
Published: May 2023

During cell division, kinetochores link chromosomes to spindle microtubules. The Ndc80 complex, a crucial microtubule binder, populates each kinetochore with dozens of copies. Whether adjacent Ndc80 complexes cooperate to promote microtubule binding remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the Ndc80 loop, a short sequence that interrupts the Ndc80 coiled‐coil at a conserved position, folds into a more rigid structure than previously assumed and promotes direct interactions between full‐length Ndc80 complexes on microtubules. Mutations in the loop impair these Ndc80‐Ndc80 interactions, prevent the formation of force‐resistant kinetochore‐microtubule attachments, and cause cells to arrest in mitosis for hours. This arrest is not due to an inability to recruit the kinetochore‐microtubule stabilizing SKA complex and cannot be overridden by mutations in the Ndc80 tail that strengthen microtubule attachment. Thus, loop‐mediated organization of adjacent Ndc80 complexes is crucial for stable end‐on kinetochore‐microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint satisfaction.
Pathomorphology of the renal form of lymphoma in cats
Authors: Oriekhova K. , Shchebentovska O.
Published: May 2023

Lymphoma is one of the most common neoplasias in cats, affecting various organs and tissues. Extranodal lymphoma is characterized by local damage to such organs as the nose, eyes, skin, central nervous system, and kidneys. Cats usually have bilateral kidney damage with possible metastatic damage to the liver and lungs. Statistically, the extranodal type of lymphoma, namely the renal form, is found in 7% to 30% of cases, mainly in cats older than five years. Clinical signs of renal lymphoma are non-specific and variable, typical for acute renal failure, and manifest themselves through general exhaustion, polyuria, polydipsia, and renomegaly. In most cases, the prognosis for lymphoma in cats is cautious. The article describes two clinical cases of outbred cats with a primary renal form of lymphoma. In both cases, the cats were clinically diagnosed with acute kidney injury and treated symptomatically. An ultrasound examination of the cats’ kidneys revealed a sharp increase in their volume and increased echogenicity of the cortical layer with a fine-grained and nodular structure. The cytological picture in fine-needle aspirates from the kidneys was characterized by a massive monomorphic population of lymphoblasts, which exceeded erythrocytes by 2–3 times in diameter. The cytoplasm of the lymphoblastic cells was sparse with large round nuclei with dense chromatin. The cells were mostly uninucleate, with atypical mitoses and moderate cellular atypism. Epithelial cells, which were occasionally visualized between large lymphoblastic cells, had broad vacuolated cytoplasm and a large round nucleus. Express tests for feline leukemia virus showed negative results. Both cats died 7 and 10 days after initiation of treatment, respectively. During the autopsy, sharply enlarged and deformed kidneys were recorded, and the border between the cortical and medullary substances was difficult to differentiate. Irregularly shaped, white tumorous formations were visualized in the cortical layer. Diffuse infiltration of the kidneys’ cortical layer with large monomorphic lymphoblastic elements with large hyperchromic nuclei and narrow cytoplasm was noted histologically. Lymphoblastic cells in a state of vacuolar and hydropic dystrophy were located between the proximal and distal tubules. The lumens were filled with protein mass and desquamated epithelium. The capsule of the kidney glomeruli was slightly thickened and the vessel walls were soaked with plasma proteins. Immunohistochemically, intensive expression of the CD79a marker and high expression of the Ki-67 marker were detected in the examined kidney samples, which indicates the development of diffuse B-cell lymphoma with an unfavourable prognosis.
Hydrogels and conductive hydrogels for implantable bioelectronics
Authors: Sagdic Kutay , Fernández-Lavado Emilio , Mariello Massimo , Akouissi Outman , Lacour Stéphanie P.
Published: May 2023

Hydrogels are a class of soft materials, which display unique biomimetic properties to biological tissues. Their mechanical properties, high water content, and porosity resemble that of extracellular matrix so that cell growth and proliferation can be reliably supported. In vitro studies report that mechanosensitive cells found in the central nervous system, such as astrocytes and glia, display reduced activation, thus promoting lower foreign body reaction, when cultured on hydrogel substrates of <1-kPa modulus. This observation provides an opportunity to explore whether soft hydrogels should be integrated in or form implantable neural interfaces and offer long-term biointegrated neurotechnologies. This article highlights recent progress in hydrogel materials and associated technologies for the design of implantable bioelectronics. Essential structural, mechanical, and electronical properties of hydrogels and composite hydrogels are briefly reviewed. Manufacturing methods suitable for these multiscale and multifunctional materials are presented. The final section presents hydrogel-based implantable bioelectronics for the brain and outlines current challenges and future opportunities.

Graphical abstract
Safety culture among operating room healthcare workers: still a long way to go. An analytical cross-sectional study from Turkey
Authors:   Selcuk University, Filiz Emel
Published: May 2023

Introduction: safety culture attitudes of health workers are still not at the desired level. Although the creation of patient safety culture is important for all health care environments, it is more vital for critical units. Objective: to determine the patient safety culture levels of those working in the operating room environment and compare them with the 2008 results of the same hospitals. Materials and Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018. The Turkish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was administered to nurses, anesthesia technicians, assistant physicians, and specialist physicians working in the Operating Rooms (n=258) of two university hospitals in Konya, a large city in Anatolian region of Turkey. Results: average percent positive response to the 42 items was low (41%, n=258). While there was no change in one dimension of the questionnaire compared to 2008; there was a positive change in 8 dimensions and a negative change in 3 dimensions. All 12 dimensions were lower than the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality score. Discussion: Despite many studies, policy developments and interventions on patient safety, the improvement of a patient safety culture is very slowly in Turkey as in other countries. Conclusion: non-reporting of errors and a punitive approach in case of errors are still considered the most important problems.
ACOMPANHAMENTO PEDAGÓGICO HOSPITALAR A CRIANÇAS COM CÂNCER EM PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: FERREIRA EMANUELLE DA SILVA , PESSOA ANA CLÁUDIA RODRIGUES GONÇALVES
Published: May 2023

RESUMO: O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o acompanhamento pedagógico hospitalar realizado no setor de oncologia de um hospital público do Recife no que se refere às crianças em processo de alfabetização. Os objetivos específicos são verificar o conhecimento dos pais e professoras da oncologia sobre as leis que asseguram a continuidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem no ambiente hospitalar; analisar se e como ocorre a relação entre a escola e as professoras da oncologia no processo de alfabetização das crianças; averiguar as ações do pedagogo no atendimento hospitalar no setor de oncologia. Realizamos pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa utilizando como ferramentas de coleta de dados, observações e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Através do estudo, foi possível constatar que o acesso à pedagogia hospitalar proporciona a criança e ao adolescente em situação de hospitalização, não só a continuidade do processo de escolarização, mas oferece perspectiva de futuro, contribui para a tão almejada cura, para o prosseguimento de projetos de vida. Ressaltamos a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas que visem contribuir com a continuidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem das crianças em tratamento, em especial às que estão em processo de alfabetização.