bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metode Sorogan Dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Al-Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Anwar Chaerul
Published: September 2022

This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of reading the Qur'an using the sorogan method at the Al-Falah Lulut Islamic Boarding School and the factors that support and hinder the application of the method. With this research, it is hoped that it can provide new input to all parties involved in the art of reading the Qur'an in general and in particular the Al-Falah Lulut Islamic Boarding School as the place of this research. This research is a qualitative research, taking the background of Al-Falah Lulut Islamic Boarding School. Data collection is done by conducting interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used to analyze data that is not in the form of numbers, namely the deductive method. The results showed: The results of learning to read the Qur'an using the sorogan method for categories level one, two, and three are quite effective, in the learning process the children are very happy, but in the application of the sorogan method, it is largely determined by the abilities and skills of the tutor ustadz , because the sorogan system in teaching is the most difficult system of the entire Islamic education system.

 Keywords: Srorogan Method, Read Al-Qur'an, Al-Falah Islamic Boarding School
İslâm Dünyasında Tefvîz Vezirliği Uygulaması ve Eyyûbîlerin Kuruluşundaki Etkisi
Authors: KELEŞ Mahmut Recep
Published: September 2022

XII. yüzyılın ortalarında Mısır’ın Haçlı ve Bizans orduları tarafından işgali tehlikesi ortaya çıkınca Fâtımî halifesi Âdıd-lidînillâh ve veziri Şâver b. Mücîr tarafından Atabeg Nûreddin Zengî’den askeri yardım istenmiştir. Nûreddin Zengî bu duruma kayıtsız kalmayarak en seçkin birliklerini başında Şirkûh gibi önemli bir kumandan ile birlikte destek için göndermiştir. Şirkûh ve beraberindekiler Mısır’a 3 kere sefer düzenlemişler ve son seferde Haçlılar’ı bertaraf ederek Mısır’a yerleşmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte Âdıd-lidînillâh Şirkûh’u Fâtımî veziri olarak tayin etmiştir. Şirkûh diğer Fâtımî vezirleri gibi çok önemli yetkilere haiz olarak devleti iki aya yakın yönetmiştir. Onun ani ölümüyle birlikte Zengî ümerası arasında vezirlik mansıbı için tartışmalar çıksa da Selâhaddin, Ziyâeddin el-Hakkârî’nin desteğiyle vezir olmuştur. Selâhaddin’in 1169 yılında vezir olması daha önceki Fâtımî vezirleri örneğinde olduğu gibi onun tefvîz veziri olmasını sağlamış ve hükmen sultan olmuştur. Selâhaddin Abbasi halifeliği ve Zengîler’den gelen baskılar neticesinde Fâtımî hilafetine son vermiştir. Abbasi halifesi adına hutbe okutmuş, Fâtımî isyanlarını bastırmış ve Haçlılar ile Bizans ordularını yenerek kendisinin ne kadar güçlü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Selâhaddin her ne kadar tüm bunları Nûreddin Zengî sayesinde yapsa da ailesinin de desteğiyle birlikte Mısır’da yarı bağımsız bir devlet kurmak istemiştir. Selâhaddin’in bu girişimi Fâtımî devletinde görev alan vezirlerin sınırsız yetkilere hâiz olarak devleti yönetmeleri ile alakalı olup Nûreddin Zengî’nin bir memuru olmak yerine müttefik bir sultan olmanın yollarını aramıştır. Her ne kadar Nûreddin Zengî bu duruma karşı çıkıp Selâhaddin’i kendisinin sipehsaları ve nâibi olarak görse de Selâhaddin onunla bir çatışmaya girmeden devletini kurmayı başarmıştır. Selâhaddin Eyyûbî, Nûreddin Zengî’nin vefatından sonra Abbâsi halifesinden onay alıp Mısır, Suriye ve el-Cezîre’de saltanatını ilan ederek İslâm dünyasının bu iki önemli bölgesini birleştirmiştir. Makalede tefvîz vezirliği kurumunun İslâm tarihindeki serüveni anlatıldıktan sonra Selâhaddin’in Mısır’da vezir tayin edilmesiyle başlayan Eyyûbiler’in devletleşme sürecine tefvîz vezirliği makamının ne ölçüde etkisinin bulunduğu ele alınmıştır. Makalede ayrıca Nûreddin ile Selâhaddin arasında tarihçiler arasında tam olarak anla-şılmayan ve tanımlanamayan hakimiyet meselesi üzerine çağdaş tarihçilerin yapmış oldukları tartışmalar tahlil edilerek bir kanaate ulaşmak hedeflenmiştir. Yöntem olarak tefvîz vezirliği ile ilgili siyasetname müelliflerinin tespit ettiği hususlar çerçevesinde konu kronolojik olarak anlatılmış ve tespitlerde bulunulmuştur.
Various conflicts of main characters in Steven Savile's novel “Stellaris: infinite frontiers”
Authors: Fuadi Awwalu Huduri Elhamas , Mandela Fitra , Alam Beny
Published: September 2022

Background: Characters face conflicts in a story. The way the characters’ acts, reacts, and deal with the obstacles will reveal about their qualities. Any conflict arise refers to represent something.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to find conflicts of the main characters in a novel "Stellaris: Infinite Frontiers" by Steven Savile.

Design and methods: The duration of the research was from 6th of March 2020 until 14th July 2020. Analytic descriptive was the method of the research. The steps of the research include: (1) preparing research data, (2) preparing support data, (3) processing the research and support data, (4) analyzing the research data. The total conflict data that were gathered from the novel was 40 data which was divided into four categories: against another, against group, against nature and against self.

Results: The result shows 11 conflicts against another, 10 conflicts against group, 10 conflicts against nature, and 9 conflicts against self. In total there are 40 conflicts that the researcher take from the novel.
analysis of consciousness in male lead’s behaviors from a short story: Midnight by Rainbow Rowell
Authors: Erdita Delia , Ali Ahmad Jum'a Khatib Nur
Published: September 2022

Background: Short story has been a popular literary work although it is not as complicated as other literary works. Short story is usually centered only in one single event and limited in scope, but it is written with much greater precision than a novel. This research is intended to analyze certain behaviors of one character from a short story.
Purpose: The aim of this research is to find out what kind of Freud’s concept of consciousness appeared in this short story, and how is the concept of consciousness represented in the story.
Design and methods: This research is a qualitative research using semiotics and Freud’s Concept of Consciousness as tools of analysis.
Results: The result of this research revealed that all the three conscious concepts by Freud appeared in the story. The total data found are 19 data, with 8 data that belong to the conscious, 4 data belong to the preconscious, and 7 data belong to the unconscious. Based on the data found, it is concluded that the male-lead’s behavior represents the conscious concept of human’s mind by Freud. This research also revealed that the Freud’s concept of consciousness in the story is displayed predominantly through narration which consist of 15 data, while through dialogue are 3 data, and the through monologue only consists of 1 datum. This result indicated that the signification characters of the story tends to be enclosed.
Number lines in learning mathematic integer at the upper level
Authors: Amini Mutia , Helmanto Fachri , Hidayat Arif
Published: September 2022

Background: Students who have a good understanding of mathematics tend to have proud learning achievements. Good mathematics learning outcomes are influenced by intelligence and material mastery. However, teachers interact more with the white board than with students. students feel less enthusiastic because the teacher asks students to listen during the delivery of the lecture.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the appropriate method in conveying integer material to elementary school students.
Design and methods: This research uses classroom action research methods on 25 of fifth grade students of SD Negeri Cibunian in the second semester. This classroom action research adapted the cycle scheme proposed by Kemmis and Taggart. This scheme consists of a series of plots, including planning, acting, observing, reflecting, and revised plans for each cycle.
Results: The results of this study reveal the use of number lines in mathematics subject matter integers in class V can improve student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the percentage of students who score above the pre-cycle passing score of 28% or 7 students complete learning, in the first cycle it increases to 56% or 14 students complete their learning, and in the second cycle it reaches 80% or 20 students complete learning.
role of parents in educating children during online classes
Authors: Puspita Hany Dwi
Published: September 2022

Background: The role of parents nowadays is as a substitute for teachers at school. In order to always guide and teach assignments given by the teacher online. With parental guidance, this online learning will run well, safely, and effectively. In fact, many parents experience difficulties because they are busy working so that they cannot accompany their children directly. In addition, parents are so busy with daily routines. The role of parents, especially mothers, is now increasing, who previously only took care of the house, now have shifted to educating and accompanying their children for online learning.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the perspective of parents as companions of children at home and to determine the role of parents in implementing learning at home during a pandemic.

Design and methods: The method used in this research is a narrative method with a qualitative approach, with a case study type approach. This approach seeks to describe and elaborate on a complex case from various dimensions. In this case, the research analyzes the role of parents in educating their children during online classes. Learning at home makes parents find many difficulties in teaching children about the material provided by the teacher. Children usually have direct interaction with their teachers.

Results: The role of parents in educating their children online is very important. When the school is face-to-face, the teacher is the one who pays attention to the students to what extent the students understand the lessons, but if online parents have to really educate, direct. Especially mom. The involvement of parents in supervising children has a very big influence on the success of children in a pandemic like this. Parents help direct children such as writing, reading, and doing their assignments. When a child cannot do his job, the mother helps him.
The Effectiveness of the School-Age Hearing Screening Program in Turkey and the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: YILDIRIM Uğur
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the hearing screening program in school-age children in Turkey, and to discuss alternative methods for children who cannot be screened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the scope of the school-age hearing screening program, children who fail the screening are referred to reference centers. The effectiveness of the screening program was investigated by recording the ear examinations and definitive audiometric examination results of the children who were referred to a tertiery-level center. Evaluations were made of a total of 87 children, comprising 49 boys (56.3%) and 38 girls (43.7%) with a mean age of 6.97 years, and no risk factors for hearing loss. The physical examination results showed that 53 children were normal, 15 had cerumen impaction, 3 otitis externa, 13 otitis media with effusion and 3 acute otitis media. The audiometric examination results were recorded as 72 normal, 13 conductive hearing loss, and 2 sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, the false positive rate of screening audiometry performed at school was 82.7%. School-age hearing screening is an important test to ensure the cognitive and academic development of children. Pure tone audiometry is indispensable in the evaluation of children who fail the test. For the evaluation of children who could not be tested for 1.5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, alternative methods such as tele-audiometry may be utilized.
Evaluation of the Perceptions About the Covid-19 Pandemic of Patients with the Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Qualitative Study 'Fires Again, Me Again'
Authors: TUYGAR OKUTUCU Fatma , AKGÜL CEYHUN Hacer
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Objective: Covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns about how to deal with the psychiatric aspects of the pandemic and it was a matter of curiosity how the perceptions of individuals would be who already had a psychiatric diagnosis, especially a vulnerable diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). We aimed to explore the perceptions about Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of individuals with the diagnosis of GAD.
Methods: Qualitative data obtained using a semi-structured interview questionnaire by a psychiatrist with 33 individuals diagnosed with GAD.
Results: 14(42.4%) of the participants were male, 19(57.6%) were female. Average age was 34.7. 7(21.2%) participants had Covid-19 infection. Three main themes were determined as " learning from the pandemic process", "impact of the pandemic process on changes in personal development", "effects on the psychiatric treatment process". Sub-themes; 'value of health ',' patience', 'importance of cleanliness and hygiene', 'changing world', 'difficulties of staying at home', ' necessity of preparing yourself for the worst', 'people are no good for anyone but themselves', 'things happen to happen' 'learning to be happy with little things', 'being able to read more books', ‘uncertainty’ 'spending time with children' 'enduring', 'discipline', 'negativities added to health', ‘no change’ 'fires again, me again' and 'worsening with stress factor' ' awareness ' 'experience' 'helped-it, it was good’ have been detected.
Conclusions: People with the diagnosis of GAD may be particularly vulnerable to the psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. But their positive and negative appraisals and coping behaviour could prevent or ameliorate future problems.
Hazardous Effects of Lumbar Somatosensitive Dorsal Root Ganglion Ischemia on Abdominal Skin Following Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The First Experimental Study
Authors: OLĞUN Abdulkerim , ŞAHİN Mehmet Hakan , ZEYNAL Mete , KARADAĞ Mehmet Kürşat , DEMİRTAŞ Rabia , CAGLAR Ozgur , AYDİN Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Giriş: Alt karın bölgesi cilt bölgesinin (LARS) somatosensitif innervasyonu esas olarak lomber spinal dorsal kök ganglionlarının (DRG) somatosensitif lifleri tarafından yönetilir. Birinci lomber DRG'nin (L1) dejenere nöron yoğunlukları (DND) ile subaraknoid kanama (SAH) sonrası LARS'nin toplam doku canlılığı skoru (TVS) arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını araştırdık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 20 tavşan üzerinde yapıldı. Tüm hayvanlar Kontrol grubu (n=5), SHAM grubu (n=5) ve çalışma grubu (n=10) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. SHAM grubu için lomber spinal subaraknoid boşluğa 0,5 cc salin solüsyonu ve çalışma grubu için genel anestezi altında lomber spinal subaraknoid boşluğa 0,5 cc otolog kan enjekte edildi. Tüm hayvanlar üç hafta takip edildi ve sakrifiye edildi. L1 DRG'nin DND'si (n/mm3) ve LARS'ın histopatolojik değişiklikleri incelendi. Milimetre kare başına tüy dökülmesi için belirlenen bir değer (n): 1 puan(P); nn>5 ise; n>10 ise 3P. Deri kalınlığı mikrometre (Tm) olarak T>700m ise 1P, 600m 400m ise 2P, T10 ise cilt normal kabul edilir; 106 ise, orta derecede hasar görmüş; TVS < 7 ise, ciddi şekilde hasar görmüştür. DND ve TVS değerleri Mann Witney U testi ile analiz edildi.

Bulgular: L1 DRG (n/mm3) ve TVS değerlerinin ortalama DND'si kontrolde 13±3/11±1; SHAM'da 34±8/8±2 ve çalışma grubunda 263±44/
The Effect of the Port Numbers Used in Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery on the Success of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block; A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: SERTÇAKACILAR Gökhan , YILDIZ Güneş Özlem , BOSTANCI İpek , CUKUROVA Zafer , HERGÜNSEL Gülsüm Oya
Published: September 2022

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure with lower pain scores and less morbidity than thoracotomy. However, it is necessary to provide adequate pain control in VATS. For this purpose, blocking visceral and somatic nerve fibers results in successful pain management. This retrospective study evaluated the effect of using different numbers of ports on the success of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia management in patients undergoing VATS. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study between Sep 2020 and Aug 2021. According to the number of ports used, fifty-eight patients were assigned to three groups (single port, dual port, and three-port). Preoperative ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed on all patients. The primary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score assessed for pain severity at different periods after surgery. The secondary outcome was the postoperative cumulative opioid consumption, and the exploratory outcomes were to determine the length of hospital stay and the incidence of opioid-related side effects. Static and dynamic NRS scores were significantly higher in the three-port group in the first 12-hour postoperative period after admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (p<0.05). After the first 12-hour period after surgery, static and dynamic NRS scores did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.158 and p=0.125, respectively). Cumulative opioid consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively was considerably higher in the three-port group than in the other groups (33.04±21.35 mg, p=0.001). Rescue analgesia consumption was similar between all groups (p=0.341). Preoperative single-shot ESPB injection may be associated with better analgesia and less opioid consumption in the first 12 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing single or two-port VATS compared to the multi-port technique.
In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid and Bevacizumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: FIRAT Fatma , ALADAĞ Tuğçe
Published: September 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and is responsible for the loss of more than 1 million people each year. It has been reported that the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is approximately 15% or less due to cell metastasis (World Health Organisation, 2020). Therefore, there is a need to develop adjuvant therapies to prevent death from lung cancer cell metastasis. The aim of our study; The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of boric acid and bevacizumab on the vascularization, apoptotic, and metastasis steps of A549 lung cancer cells, such as invasion, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) abilities, either alone or in combination.
The study was divided into 4 groups as control(CONT) and boric acid(BA), Boric acid+altuzan(BA+ALT) and altuzan(ALT). The IC50 dose of boric acid was determined by the MTT method. 30μM boric acid and 7 μM Altuzan were applied to BA, BA+ALT and ALT groups for 24 hours. Anti-VEGF for vascularization, Anti-Vimentin for EMT, Anti-MMP-9 for invasion, and Anti-Bax, Anti-Bcl-2 and Anti-Caspase-3 antibodies for apoptosis were stained immunocytochemically and H-Score analysis was performed. . Cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay. It was observed that MMP-9 immunoreactivity and apoptotic markers increased in the direction of Cas-3 in the BA group, while the immunoreactivity of Vim and VEGF did not change significantly. When the migration was evaluated, it was observed that the cells did not migrate in the BA and BA+ALT groups at the end of the 24th hour, and the wound areas were closed in the other groups.
It was observed that while BA affected the migration, invasion and apoptotic characters of A549 cells independently of bevacizumab, it had no effect on their vascularization properties.
Evaluation of Analgesic Effectivity of Infra Orbital Nerve Block in Open Septorhinoplasty Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: EFE ATİLA Nihal , ATES Irem
Published: September 2022

This retrospective study was conducted in order to demonstrate the clinical benefit of infraorbital regional anesthesia performed with intraoperative bupivacaine injection in postoperative pain scores during open septorhinoplasty operations. Postoperative 12-hour pain scores (Visual Analogue Scales) and data obtained from patient files of analgesic consumption of 60 (33 female; 27 male) participants aged 18-45 years who underwent open septorhinoplasty, ASA group I-II, were analyzed.d. The patients were divided into two groups; the control group (group C) included the participant who underwent open septorhinoplasty surgery and did not undergo intraoperative regional anesthesia. Patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty surgery and underwent regional anesthesia with 3 mL (15 mg) of bupivacaine hydrochloride in both infraorbital foramen intraoperatively were included in the bupivacaine group (group B). Patients in group B had lower pain scores at 1 hour postoperatively compared to group C. It was observed that the effective postoperative analgesia continued consistently at the 6th and 12th hours in the patients in group B. At the same time, the need for IV analgesics at the postoperative 12 hours was significantly lower in group B compared to group C. Intraoperative infraorbital regional bupivacaine anesthesia is an effective procedure that reduces postoperative pain levels in septorhinoplasty operations and increases the postoperative comfort of patients.
SURVEY OF Salmonella spp and E. coli IN DRINKING WATER OBTAINED FROM SOME SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: M. KABIRU AMINA , M. KABIRU SANUSI
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to determine some bacteriological composition in drinking water (wells and bore-holes) at Mubi-north, Girei and Mayo-Belwa local government areas of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Various types of bacteria/viruses are categorized as pathogens, disease causing organisms that can be found in pretreated or inadequately treated water. Water, being dynamic, needs to be constantly analyzed to minimize contaminants that could be detrimental to the consumers. E. coli and fecal coliform are bacteria whose presence can indicate water contaminated by human or animal wastes, causing short-term health effects. When there is seepage of contaminant through well casing, cracks or holes in the well casing allow water that has not been filtered through the soil to enter the well. This seepage is common in the wells made of concrete, clay tile, or brick. These are the nature of wells commonly found across the study areas. Most of the bole holes are hand dug, shallow, located close to river banks where refuse and farming activities characterized by bush burning, application of fertilizers, animals and human defecation is the order day due to these reasons, water sources across the study areas are vulnerable to different kinds of contamination. Investigation into water quality is not a relatively new phenomenon but literature concerning the quality of drinking water from the study is sparse. 62 water Samples were collected at random from both well and boreholes at different location within the study areas using containers with earlier prepared nutrient broth. Three different media were prepared adhering strictly to the media manufacturer’s instruction. For the determination of E. coli, 24g of EMB was used and SS agar was used for Salmonella species. Results shows that in well water during rainy season the mean concentration of salmonella spp. ranged from (153– 272 CFU/ml), Total coliforms, well water during rainy season mean concentration ranged from (418 – 624 CFU/ml), During dry season, values ranged from (81 – 126 CFU/ml), while for E.coli, in well water during rainy season, the mean values ranged from (33 – 71 CFU/ml),. During dry season ranged from (97. – 131 CFU/ml), conclusively, findings indicates significant higher bacteriological composition in well water during rainy season than dry season (p<0.05). Hence, calls further research and monitoring.
Paper-based Device for the Detection and Quantification of Total Polyphenols in Plant-based Beverages for Potential Use in Quality Assurance Purposes
Authors: Sarza Riann Martin , Villarino Casiana Blanca , Gregorio Cynthia Grace
Published: September 2022

Health benefits arising from polyphenols found in plants have driven a steady increase in the manufacture of polyphenol-rich, plant-based food products. In line with quality assurance and compliance to local and international regulations, the polyphenol content of these products needs to be ascertained by manufacturers. The measurement of the total polyphenol content (TPC) in such products, therefore, should be part of the quality assurance of food manufacturers. This study involved the development of a cheap, user-friendly, and robust paper-based device (PBD) that can be potentially used by small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) in determining the TPC of tea-based beverages – specifically, sweet potato leaf extract-based (SPLE) tea beverage products. The PBD relies on colorimetric detection of TPC based on the iron tartrate (IT) spectrophotometric. Validation studies of the PBD yielded good accuracy and precision, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 20.03 and 66.77 ppm gallic acid equivalents (GAE), respectively. The device also has good linearity and sensitivity. Likewise, the quantification of polyphenols using the PBD was not adversely affected by the presence of sugars and ascorbic acid. The PBD stored under refrigerated conditions remained usable for 57 d. The PBD’s performance was found to be comparable to its counterpart instrumental method.
Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Muell) Stearn, an Epiphytic Cactus of Bandung City, Indonesia: the Field Examination on the Biological Features and Host Distribution
Authors: Raihandhany Reza , Wicaksono Adhityo
Published: September 2022

This study is the first report on the distribution of Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Muell) Stearn in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. R. baccifera is an epiphyte cactus that generally grows on the vertical substrate of tree barks. The distribution of R. baccifera was examined by tagging the tree hosts using a global positioning system (GPS). Additionally, the organs and growth stages of the cactus, as well as the interactions of the cactus with the host plants, were photographed. The results show that R. baccifera is distributed unevenly in Bandung, as the population density is higher in the northern area of the city than in the south. This uneven distribution suggests that frugivorous birds and human activities in the area play an important role in the distribution of R. baccifera. The cactus has spines during its early stage, which is greatly reduced upon reaching its mature stage. However, within the same region, the cactus appears to selectively grow on specific hosts, mainly on trees with rough barks or grown by moss. In Bandung, the cactus is mostly found growing on mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla King). Not all trees adjacent to the host trees have the cactus growing on them, which further suggests the cactus’ preference for specific host trees.
Risk Profiling of Methylmercury in the Consumption of Dried Tamban (Sardinella lemuru) by the Filipino Consuming Population
Authors: Rustia Abigail , de Guzman Vea Clarissa , Salem Andrea Mae , Bautista Karina Angela , Villarino Casiana Blanca , Ledda Wendy , Barrios Erniel , Capanzana Mario , Mahoney Deon
Published: September 2022

Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most toxic forms of mercury (Hg) produced via methylation of its inorganic form from natural and anthropogenic sources. Fish that feed on phytoplankton, such as sardines, serve as the entry points of MeHg in the aquatic food web. Dietary exposure (DE) to MeHg leads to varying health risks such as ataxia, neurodevelopmental delays, and blindness in newborns and infants. The study aimed to develop a risk profile on the potential risk associated with the consumption of Philippine dried tamban (Sardinella lemuru) through 1) conceptualization of the risk profile, 2) review of related literature, 3) formulation of assumptions (i.e. identification of variabilities and establishment of uncertainties or data gaps), 4) exposure pathway assessment, and 5) risk characterization. The risk of MeHg was estimated using the total mercury (THg) concentrations in dried tamban samples collected from the major fishing grounds of sardines in the Philippines, consumption data of the adult Filipino consuming population, and the assumed average body weights of Asian adults. The estimated DEs ranged from 0.000043–0.008724 μg/kg bw (bodyweight)/wk, which is equivalent to about 0.003–0.545% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 1.6 μg/kg bw for MeHg established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2007. Our findings imply that dried tamban does not pose a major health risk to the adult Filipino consuming population. However, it is also essential to note that aside from dried tamban, there are other potential sources of MeHg in the diet such as other fish and seafood.
Utilization of Spiked Pepper (Piper aduncum L.) as Feedstock for Gasification
Authors: Rantael Rogelio , Bambase Manolito , Pampolina Nelson , Demafelis Rex , Detras Monet Concepcion , Belonio Alexis
Published: September 2022

The massive spread and growth of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) such as Piper aduncum L. (PA) endanger the natural ecosystem. Utilizing their woody biomass as feedstock through gasification to produce renewable energy can reduce risk and provide better incentives to rural communities. Heating value (HV), fixed carbon (FC), volatile combustible matter (VCM), and ash content were used to compare PA with five other tree species – namely, Calliandra calothyrsus L. (CC), Gliricidium sepium L. (GS), Broussonetia papyrifera L. (BP), Eucalyptus marginata L. (EM), and Eucalyptus urophylla L. (EU) – as fuel for gasification. The effects of particle size (ps), air volumetric flow rate (υair), and carbonization and their interactions to cold gas efficiency (CGE), producer gas flow rate (υsyngas), and specific gasification rate (SGR) were also studied. The economics and environmental impact of spiked pepper as feedstock were evaluated by hypothetically putting up a 100 kWe gasification plant in the Upper Bauyan Watershed serving 138 households. With an electrical efficiency of 17.1%, the plant would need 990 tons of PA. Feedstock supply would be adequate even after 20 yr of operation since biomass growth rate would be faster than consumption rate. The computed carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions annually for harvesting was 9.72 tons (shelterwood method) – 781.11 tons for gasification and electrical production against direct combustion, which theoretically emits 1,729.73 tons annually. Financial analysis indicated a profitable investment with a positive net present value of PHP 6,240,257.08 or USD 122,358 (USD 1 = PHP 51), IRR of 12%, payback period of 6.97 yr, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PHP 8.90 (USD 0.17). Overall, the study indicates the economic feasibility and ecological soundness of utilizing PA as feedstock provided that silvicultural management is applied in replanting indigenous trees in eradicated lands. This method can also be effective in restoring the landscape of affected watersheds.
Impact of Nitrogen, Zinc and Humic Acid Application on Wheat Growth, Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Iqbal Anas , Raza Haneef , Zaman Maid , Khan Rayyan , Adnan Muhammad , Khan Abdullah , Gillani Syeda Wajeeha , Khan Khalil Shad
Published: September 2022

To investigate the response of wheat to different levels of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn) and humic acid (HA), an experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, during 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design having three replications. Three levels of N (80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1), Zn (6, 12 and18 kg ha-1) and HA (5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) were used. Results showed that N application at the rate of 160 kg ha-1 manifested maximum days to physiological maturity (164 days), productive tillers m-2 (248), spikes m-2 (258), leaf area tiller-1 (113.6 cm2), spike length (10.4 cm), grains spike-1 (52), 1000-grain weight (47.5 g), biological yield (9260 kg ha-1), grain yield (3723 kg ha-1) and harvest index (40%). Zn treated plots at the rate of 12 kg ha-1 showed maximum days to physiological maturity (162 days), productive tillers m-2 (241), spikes m-2 (252), grains spike-1 (51), 1000-grain weight (45.2 g), biological yield (8843 kg ha-1), grain yield (3375 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39 %). Similarly, HA treated plots at the rate of 12 kg ha-1 revealed maximum days to physiological maturity (162 days), productive tillers m-2 (238), spikes m-2(249), spike length (9.7 cm), 1000-grain weight (45.00 g), biological yield (8649 kg ha-1), grain yield (3342 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39%). The combined application of N, Zn, and HA had significantly affected wheat yield and yield components. It was concluded that N at the rate of 160 kg ha-1, Zn 12 kg ha-1 and HA 10 kg ha-1 significantly increased yield and yield components of wheat.
Unprecedented response of wheat to irrigation levels and various rates of Nano-black carbon
Authors: Imran
Published: September 2022

In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to availability of water and proper rate of Nano-black carbon in soil. Delay in rain and unsuitable soil health cause severe yield reduction. Therefore this experiment was conducted to compare Irrigation levels in relation to different rate of Nano-black carbon to find out high yielding fact that could enhance wheat productivity and food security. Three different-irrigation-levels (250-mm, 275-mm and 300-mm), were compared in early growth establishment in three repeats with five different rates of Nano-black carbon (5Mg ha-1, 10Mg ha-1, 15Mg ha-1, 20Mg ha-1 and 25Mg ha-1). All the other agronomic practices were kept similar for each replicate. Data was recoded on different growth parameters such as days to emergence, emergence m-2, plant height, spike length, number of spikes m-2, thousand grain weight and grain yield. The study confirmed that almost all Irrigation levels were prominent but significant reduction in different parameters was observed with variation in Nano-black carbon application that could ultimately effect soil health and productivity. From this experiment we concluded that proper rate of Nano-black carbon can significantly enhance the development of roots system which may ultimately increase the shoot growth and final yield. The present study revealed that wheat Irrigation levels (250 mm) can properly save water and increase wheat productivity in combination with Nano-black carbon addition. Different Irrigation levels retorted differently to different Nano-black carbon showing that potential did exist in Nano-black carbon for water storage and improvement of soil health under drought stress condition.
Liquid Film Evaporation: Review and Modeling
Authors: Orfi Jamel , BelHadj Mohamed Amine
Published: September 2022

Liquid film evaporation is encountered in various applications including in air humidifiers, in multiple effect distillers in thermal desalination, and in absorption cooling evaporators. It is associated with a falling pure, binary or multicomponent liquid film with associated complex and coupled heat and mass transfer processes. This chapter presents important fundamental aspects inherent to falling film evaporation in several geometrical configurations such as on horizontal tubes and inside inclined or vertical tubes or channels. The first part of the chapter concerns a review of recent works on this topic with emphasis on modeling and simulation features related to falling liquid films with heat and mass transfers. This document aims also to establish a frame for the modeling of the fluid flow with heat and mass transfer in the presence of evaporation. The main governing equations and the appropriate boundary and interfacial conditions corresponding to the fluid flow and associated heat and mass transfer and phase change are systematically presented and discussed for the case of falling film in a vertical channel with the presence of flowing gas mixture. Various simplifications of the governing equations and boundary and interfacial conditions have been proposed and justified. In particular, the formulation with extremely thin liquid film approximation is discussed.
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Yield Components of Tomato Plant Grown under Salt Stress
Authors: Wasti Salma , Mouelhi Salwa , Ben Aïch Feriel , Mimouni Hajer , Chaabani Salima , Ben Ahmed Hela
Published: September 2022

Abiotic environmental stresses such as drought stress, mineral deficiency, heat stress, and salinity stress are major limiting factors of plant growth and productivity. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), one of the important and widespread crops in the world, is sensitive to moderate levels of salt in the soil. So many authors have reported large variation among tomato genotypes in their response to salinity. The present study was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on growth parameters, yield, and yield attributes of tomato under saline conditions. Tomato plants cv. Marmande were grown under normal or saline (100 mM NaCl) conditions. Different levels of salicylic acid: SA (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM) were applied as a foliar spray. The study was conducted at the vegetative and reproductive stage. Salt stress reduced significantly the whole plant growth at the two stages. Application of SA caused a significantly increase in biomass under non-saline conditions. However, in salt medium, treatment of leaves by SA induces a slight increase in biomass, leaf area and ameliorates the fruit diameter compared with plant grown only in the presence of salt. The beneficial effect of SA is more pronounced with the dose 0.01 mM.
Maintenance and Renewal Cost Evaluation for Managing Assets of Electric Power Equipment and Operational Data Analysis for Failure Rate Estimation
Authors: Takahashi Tsuguhiro
Published: September 2022

In recent years, “asset management” or “managing assets” technique has been expected to rationalize maintenance and operation of electric power equipment, especially for aging equipment. Some concrete support tools have been developed by considering life cycle cost for substation equipment in “Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan,” which include failure risk evaluation. Such cost and risk evaluation are essential for comparative evaluation of different types of equipment. Failure probability is one of the most important factors for the evaluation. Because of its high reliability, electric power equipment can be expected to have a very long lifetime, therefore, durability test is not applicable, but rather relies on analysis of actual operational data. Collection, accumulation, and analysis of actual operational data are necessary for accurate evaluation. This chapter describes the evaluation method for the managing assets, and data collection and analysis to improve the accuracy of failure probability estimation.
Career Development and Employee Value Proposition People Management Future
Authors: Igoki Mwangi Caroline
Published: September 2022

Career development has gained a lot of interest over time as organizations and employees attempt to match individual goals with organizational goals to maximize performance. Value proposition, in human resource management focuses on the value that organizations and employees place on their worth, thereby the future of work for both. This chapter reviewed existing literature and linked the relationship between the two constructs to inform on their contribution to the future of people management. Global changes have made it necessary for employers and employees to re-examine the world of work and people management. How organizations manage employee careers is strategic in adding value to both the organization and the employees. The methodology employed was to search online and identify literature, review, and analysis were done per construct reviewed literature. Further the link between the career development and employee value proposition was identified. The limitation is that most of the available literature on the two constructs is before the Covid-19 pandemic and does not emphasize the future. The findings are that career though fast changing remains an important motivator for employees as an aspect of the employee value proposition that would impact people’s management futures.
The Geo-Demographics of European Consumers’ Food Behaviour in the New Age of Disruption
Authors: Millard Jeremy
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, unlike the 2007–2008 financial crisis, was a supply side shock, now sharply exacerbated by the Ukrainian war. Drawing on relevant sources, this chapter illustrates the resulting impacts on changes in consumers’ food behaviour during the first wave of the pandemic, based on a large sample of households from 12 countries spread across Europe. Unlike most previous studies, this analysis takes place at European level revealing large scale general trends. Findings show that the food system, like many other strategic consumer markets, has experienced shortages, panic-buying, hoarding and a focus on products both with longer shelf-lives and that help to reduce stress. However, there have been wildly different outcomes related to socio-demographics, household income and location. As a result, and supported by digital technologies, new spatial dynamics and relationships are emerging that exemplify important lessons for all food system actors, in particular significant shifts towards more local-regional production and supply. This is accompanied by much greater consumer awareness of the importance of food and involvement in its preparation, mediated through geography and the socio-demographic characteristics of household consumption. A strong driver is the increasingly local orientation of work and business transformed by a resurgence of hybrid working.
Analysis of Brain Computer Interface Using Deep and Machine Learning
Authors: Ajali-Hernández Nabil , M. Travieso-Gonzalez Carlos
Published: September 2022

Pattern recognition is becoming increasingly important topic in all sectors of society. From the optimization of processes in the industry to the detection and diagnosis of diseases in medicine. Brain-computer interfaces are introduced in this chapter. Systems capable of analyzing brain signal patterns, processing and interpreting them through machine and deep learning algorithms. In this chapter, a hybrid deep/machine learning ensemble system for brain pattern recognition is proposed. It is capable to recognize patterns and translate the decisions to BCI systems. For this, a public database (Physionet) with data of motor tasks and mental tasks is used. The development of this chapter consists of a brief summary of the state of the art, the presentation of the model together with some results and some promising conclusions.
Wonder and Politics in the Anthropocene: Beyond Curiosity and Reverence
Authors: Lisowska Urzula ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: September 2022

The paper starts from the wonderment-reverence distinction introduced by Dipesh Chakrabarty in his book The Climate of History in a Planetary Age. While Chakrabarty’s concept of the planetary as the framework for the Anthropocene is accepted, his skepticism about the political relevance of wonder(ment) in the Anthropocene is challenged. Pace Chakrabarty, the link between wonder(ment) and curiosity is severed, and wonder is instead defined through the connections to the faculties of listening and reflective judgment. As such, wonder can be relevant to politics in the Anthropocene when engaging with the planetary
Teaching of society in the function of developing environmental awareness of fourth grade primary school pupils
Authors: Simijonović Ivana , Krulj Jelena
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we dealt with the environmental awareness of fourth-grade elementary school pupils from the area of Kosovo and Metohia on a sample of 170 pupils. The obtained data confirm the general research hypothesis and all specific hypotheses. Through the analysis of specific research hypotheses, it was found that children understand the importance of a clean environment, they like to spend time in nature, they are engaged in environmental protection, they are interested in learning about it at school, as well as through the Science course. The implications arising from the conducted research are reflected in the fact that children of younger school age from the area of Kosovo and Metohia have a highly developed environmental awareness. The obtained data open up space for further examination of the environmental awareness of pupils in lower grades, as well as examination of the factors that contribute to the development of environmental awareness.
Hypertensive crisis: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kalezić Nevena , Stojanović Marina , Dimić Nemanja , Jovanović Ksenija , Trailović Ranko , Obrenović-Kirćanski Biljana
Published: September 2022

Hypertensive crisis represents a medical emergency that demands urgent treatment. There are two kinds of hypertensive crisis (hypertensive emergency and hypertensive urgency), which require different protocols depending on the stage of emergency and type of hypertensive crisis. The diagnosis is not based only on the absolute values of blood pressure, but also on the time of onset. Hypertensive emergency must be promptly treated, within of one hour of its onset, because it may cause serious organ damage; while hypertensive urgency needs to be treated within 24 hours. In order to treat hypertensive emergencies promptly, drugs must be administered via continuous intravenous infusion or intermittent IV boluses of potent vasodilators such as sodium nitroprusside or glyceryl trinitrate, although other groups of drugs are also used. Hypertensive urgency is usually treated with peroral drugs.
Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kostić Tomislav , Perišić Zoran , Apostolović Svetlana , Lazarević Mihajlo , Stanojević Dragana , Miljković Ivana
Published: September 2022

Unstable angina and myocardial infarction, without or with ST elevation, are entities of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Main pathophysiologic mechanism of ACS is rupture of atherosclerotic plaque leading to thrombus formation in coronary arteries. Different groups of medications are given for treatment of this life-threatening condition. Acetylsalicylic acid is base of therapy and choice of other medications depends on risk factors for thrombosis and bleeding, comorbidities and the ability to transfer patient to the center where coronary stent can be implanted.