bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transluminal Stent-Graft Placements for the Treatments of Acute Onset and Chronic Aortic Dissections
Authors: Shimono Takatsugu , Kato Noriyuki , Yasuda Fuyuhiko , Suzuki Tomoaki , Yuasa Uhito , Onoda Koji , Hirano Tadanori , Takeda Kan , Yada Iaso
Published: March 2022

Background

Transluminal stent-graft placement (TSGP) for aortic dissection is a relatively new procedure. We performed TSGPs to seal the primary entry site to treat and prevent complications of aortic dissection. The early to mid-term outcomes were analyzed.

Methodsand Results—Thirty-seven patients with a primary intimal tear in descending aorta underwent TSPG. TSGP was performed in 16 acute onset dissections (AOD) with dissection-related complications instead of emergency surgery. Eight AOD without complications were treated to prevent aneurysmal enlargement. Thirteen chronic dissections were treated to prevent rupture. TSGP was technically successful in all cases. One patient with prehospital rupture died. The hospital mortality rate was of 2.7% overall, 6.3% in AOD with complications, 0% in AOD without complications and in chronic dissections. One persistent endoleak required open surgery, and 1 intimal tear was caused by the stent-graft, necessitating an additional TSGP. The primary success rate was 94.4% overall. After hospital discharge, no patient died or suffered aortic rupture during an average follow-up of 24.5 months. New intimal tears caused by the stent-grafts and a secondary endoleak developed in 3 AOD patients. One open procedure and 2 additional TSGPs were performed. Actuarial survival rate and cardiovascular event-free rate at 2 years are 97.3% and 78.3% overall, 93.8% and 48.0% in AOD with complications, 100% and 87.5% in AOD without complications, and both 100% in chronic dissections.

Conclusions

TSGP is a reasonable treatment option for aortic dissection. However, delayed intimal tear formations caused by the stent-graft is a problem that requires further investigation.
Improved Survival of Patients Undergoing Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Lessons Learned From 115 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Tweddell James S. , Hoffman George M. , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Fedderly Raymond T. , Berger Stuart , Jaquiss Robert D. B. , Ghanayem Nancy S. , Frisbee Stephanie J. , Litwin S. Bert
Published: March 2022

Background

Outcome of stage 1 palliation (S1P) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has improved coincident with application of treatment strategies including continuous superior vena cava oximetry (SvO
2
), phenoxybenzamine (POB), strategies to minimize the duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and efforts to ameliorate the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using aprotinin and modified ultrafiltration.

Methods and Results

Analysis of a consecutive series of 115 patients undergoing S1P was done to identify the risk factors for mortality and the impact of new treatment strategies. For the current era, July 1996 to October 2001, hospital survival was 93% (75/81) compared with 53% (18/34) for the time period, January 1992 to June 1996,
P
<0.001. Survival to stage 2 palliation (S2P) was also significantly improved in the current era, 81% (66/81) versus 44% (15/34),
P
<0.01. Anti-inflammatory treatment strategies demonstrated improved survival by univariate analysis (
P
<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified continuous SvO
2
monitoring as a factor favoring S1P survival (
P
=0.02) and use of POB as a factor favoring survival to S2P (
P
=0.003). In the current era shorter duration of DHCA was associated with improved survival to S2P (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions–Improved survival following S1P can be achieved with strategies that allow for early identification of decreased systemic output and the use of afterload reduction to stabilize systemic vascular resistance and therefore the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio. Strategies to ameliorate the inflammatory response to CPB may decrease the degree and duration of postoperative support. Strategies to minimize duration of DHCA may improve intermediate survival and merit additional studies.
Global Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Davos Constantinos H. , Davlouros Periklis A. , Wensel Roland , Francis Darrel , Davies L. Ceri , Kilner Philip J. , Coats Andrew J. S. , Piepoli Massimo , Gatzoulis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) remain devastating late complications after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Although heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are recognized as independent markers of autonomic activity and strong predictors of SCD in major cardiovascular disease, little is known about their role in patients with tertralogy.

Methods and Results

We measured HRV and BRS in 45 ToF patients (27 male, age 35±12 years, 26±7 years after repair) and 45 matched healthy controls. Subjects underwent 20 minute of resting measurements of heart rate (ECG) and noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure recording (Finapres), with 5 minutes of 0.1Hz controlled breathing followed by cardiac MRI. BRS was computed by spectral analysis and the sequence and controlled breathing methods. All HRV time and frequency domain variables were measured. All BRS and HRV variables were significantly reduced in patients compared with controls (
P
<0.001 in all). HRV tended to increase with years from repair. BRS decreased with previous palliation and increasing patient age. Both HRV and BRS decreased with pulmonary regurgitation, elevated right ventricular end systolic volumes and reduced right and left ventricular ejection fraction. Finally, there was an inverse relation between QRS duration (predictor of sustained VT and SCD) and indices of HRV but no relation with indices of BRS.

Conclusion

There is global impairment of autonomic nervous system regulation late after repair of tetralogy with marked reduction of BRS and HRV. This seems to relate to previous surgical intervention/s, their timing and current right and left-sided hemodynamics. Reduced HRV also related to markers of sustained VT and SCD, suggesting possible common pathogenic mechanisms. Further studies are required to examine the prognostic significance of impaired BRS and HRV in these patients.
First Clinical Results With a New Mechanical Connector for Distal Coronary Artery Anastomoses in CABG
Authors: Eckstein Friedrich S. , Bonilla Luis F. , Englberger Lars , Eberli Franz , Windecker Stephan , Berg Todd A. , Romanens Michel , Immer Franz F. , Carrel Thierry P.
Published: March 2022

Background

Coronary anastomoses are currently primarily carried out with the use of running nonabsorbable sutures. Recently, a renewed interest has developed for facilitated mechanical anastomotic devices especially for minimal invasive techniques or limited access surgery. The initial experience with the first successful creation of mechanical vein-to-coronary artery anastomoses in humans is reported.

Methods and Results

Between November 2000 and June 2001, 14 patients scheduled for multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure were investigated. One vein graft-to-coronary artery anastomosis per patient was performed with the St. Jude Medical ATG Symmetry coronary connector system (stainless steel investigational device, not yet commercially available). We evaluated the overall performance of the device. Intraoperative flow measurements of the grafts using transit time methods were measured. A postoperative angiographic control was performed immediately after the procedure in all patients. Hemostasis was instantaneous in all cases and all anastomoses (mechanical n=14, sutured n=40) were patent. Mean intraoperative flow measurements for the mechanical anastomosed vein grafts was 75±25 mL/min. Three month angiogram or MRI angiography is available to date in 11 patients. Ten connector grafts were patent and 1 was occluded. There were no cardiac-related adverse events or return of angina; exercise tolerance tests and stress electrocardiograms were normal in all patients.

Conclusions

The St. Jude Medical ATG Symmetry coronary connector system is a new device for sutureless distal vein graft-to-coronary artery anastomoses in CABG. This system allows the construction of geometrically perfect anastomoses. This technology represents a further step in a new era of sutureless anastomoses in cardiac surgery.
Mechanical Stretch Regimen Enhances the Formation of Bioengineered Autologous Cardiac Muscle Grafts
Authors: Akhyari Payam , Fedak Paul W. M. , Weisel Richard D. , Lee Tsu-Yee Joseph , Verma Subodh , Mickle Donald A. G. , Li Ren-Ke
Published: March 2022

Background

Surgical repair of congenital and acquired cardiac defects may be enhanced by the use of autologous bioengineered muscle grafts. These tissue-engineered constructs are not optimal in their formation and function. We hypothesized that a mechanical stretch regimen applied to human heart cells that were seeded on a three-dimensional gelatin scaffold (Gelfoam) would improve tissue formation and enhance graft strength.

Methods and Results

Heart cells from children undergoing repair of Tetralogy of Fallot were isolated and cultured. Heart cells were seeded on gelatin-matrix scaffolds (Gelfoam) and subjected to cyclical mechanical stress (n=7) using the Bio-Stretch Apparatus (80 cycles/minute for 14 days). Control scaffolds (n=7) were maintained under identical conditions but without cyclical stretch. Cell counting, histology, and computerized image analysis determined cell proliferation and their spatial distribution within the tissue-engineered grafts. Collagen matrix formation and organization was determined with polarized light and laser confocal microscopy. Uniaxial tensile testing assessed tissue-engineered graft function. Human heart cells proliferated within the gelatin scaffold. Remarkably, grafts that were subjected to cyclical stretch demonstrated increased cell proliferation and a marked improvement of cell distribution. Collagen matrix formation and organization was enhanced by mechanical stretch. Both maximal tensile strength and resistance to stretch were improved by cyclical mechanical stretch.

Conclusion

The cyclical mechanical stretch regimen enhanced the formation of a three-dimensional tissue-engineered cardiac graft by improving the proliferation and distribution of seeded human heart cells and by stimulating organized matrix formation resulting in an order of magnitude increase in the mechanical strength of the graft.
Altered Left Ventricular Geometry Changes the Border Zone Temporal Distribution of Stress in an Experimental Model of Left Ventricular Aneurysm: A Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Moustakidis Pavlos , Maniar Hersh S. , Cupps Brian P. , Absi Tarek , Zheng Jie , Guccione Julius M. , Sundt Thoralf M. , Pasque Michael K.
Published: March 2022

Background

Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a significant complication of myocardial infarction that may lead to global left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, the exact mechanism underlying the abnormal function has not been elucidated. In this study we tested the hypothesis that changes in LV geometry cause both an increase in wall stress and a change in the temporal distribution of stress in the LVA border zone (BZ) during systole.

Methods

Transmural anteroapical infarcts were created in adult Dorsett sheep (n=8) and were allowed to mature into LVAs for 10 weeks. Animals were imaged subsequently using MRI with simultaneous recording of intraventricular pressures. Cardiac models were constructed from the MRI images at end-diastole, isovolumic systole, peak-systole and end-systole. Two short-axis slices, 1 basal and 1 apical were analyzed. The apical slice included the septal and anterior component of the aneurysm as well as the corresponding BZs and normal myocardium. Regional wall stresses were calculated using finite element analysis and compared with stresses in corresponding regions from normal control sheep (n=7).

Results

In the LVA group, stress was significantly increased in the BZ at the end-diastolic, isovolumic, peak-systolic, and end-systolic instants (
P
<0.001 for all). In addition the temporal distribution of stress was significantly altered with maximum stress occurring at peak instead of isovolumic systole.

Conclusions

Geometric changes in the LVA hearts increased wall stress and altered its temporal distribution in the BZ region. Correlation of this finding with the corresponding regional blood flow, oxygen consumption, and mechanical systolic performance may help elucidate the mechanism underlying the observed global LV dysfunction.
Combined Procedure of Surgical Repair and Cell Transplantation for Left Ventricular Aneurysm: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sakakibara Yutaka , Tambara Keiichi , Lu Fanglin , Nishina Takeshi , Sakaguchi Genichi , Nagaya Noritoshi , Nishimura Kazunobu , Li Ren-Ke , Weisel Richard D. , Komeda Masashi
Published: March 2022

Background

This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the combined procedure of left ventricular (LV) repair and fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation (CM-TX) in a rat myocardial infarction model.

Methods and Results

A moderate-sized LV aneurysm was created by proximal ligation of the left coronary artery in 47 Lewis rats. Four weeks later, they were underwent another operation and received culture medium injection (n=10; group I), fetal CM-TX (n=10; group II), purse-string LV repair with culture medium injection (n=14; group III), or LV repair with fetal CM-TX (n=13; group IV). They were echocardiographically followed-up during the subsequent 4 weeks, and cardiac catheterization was performed in the final week. In the late period, LV dimension in group IV was smaller than that in group III (end-diastolic dimension, 0.92±0.02 versus 1.01±0.03 cm,
P=
0.0090; end-systolic dimension, 0.62±0.02 versus 0.74±0.04 cm,
P=
0.0093; at the fourth week), although they initially showed similar decreases in both groups. At the final week, end-systolic elastance was higher in group IV than in groups I, II, or III (0.61±0.10 versus 0.19±0.03, 0.30±0.09, 0.33±0.07 mm Hg/μL,
P=
0.0002, 0.0037, and 0.0042, respectively).

Conclusions

Fetal CM-TX exerted preventive effects against late LV dilation and dysfunction after LV repair in the rat model. The results suggest that repair surgery combined with fetal CM-TX may enhance the surgical benefits for patients with LV aneurysm in the long term.
Perfusion and Contractile Reserve in Chronic Dysfunctional Myocardium: Relation to Functional Outcome After Surgical Revascularization
Authors: Bax Jeroen J. , Poldermans Don , Schinkel Arend F. L. , Boersma Eric , Elhendy Abdou , Maat Alexander , Valkema Roelf , Krenning Eric P. , Roelandt Jos R. T. C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Chronic dysfunctional but viable myocardium may exhibit contractile reserve and/or intact perfusion. Segments with intact perfusion without contractile reserve are frequently observed inpatients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The clinical relevance of this observation is unclear; in particular, the functional outcome after revascularization is unknown. Thus, contractile reserve (using low-dose dobutamine echocardiography) and perfusion (using resting
99m
Tc tetrofosmin) were evaluated in 114 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and the findings were related to functional outcome (9 to 12 months after revascularization).

Methods and Results

Patients (n=114) with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing surgical revascularization were evaluated for perfusion (using
99m
Tc tetrofosmin) and contractile reserve (using low-dose dobutamine echocardiography). Contractile function (two-dimensional echocardiography) was assessed before and 9 to 12 months after revascularization. In the 1 336 dysfunctional segments, perfusion was preserved in 51% of the segments and contractile reserve in 31% (
P
<.05); 47% of the segments with perfusion did not exhibit contractile reserve. The majority (66%) of segments with recovery of function postrevascularization had intact perfusion and contractile reserve; the majority (58%) of segments without functional recovery lacked both perfusion and contractile reserve. Interestingly, 22% of segments with functional recovery and 25% of segments without functional recovery showed intact perfusion without contractile reserve.

Conclusion

Segments with intact perfusion/contractile reserve have a high likelihood of recovery of function postrevascularization; segments without contractile reserve/perfusion have a low likelihood of recovery and segments with intact perfusion without contractile reserve have an intermediate likelihood of recovery.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhances Post-Pneumonectomy Lung Growth by Alveolar Proliferation
Authors: Kaza Aditya K. , Kron Irving L. , Leuwerke Shari M. , Tribble Curtis G. , Laubach Victor E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to play an important role in pneumocyte proliferation and lung development. We hypothesized that exogenous KGF would enhance postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth through alveolar proliferation.

Methods and Results

Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Left pneumonectomy was performed in group P, sham thoracotomy in group S, and left pneumonectomy with administration of KGF (6.25 mg/week, intraperitoneally) in group PK. Lung weight index (LWI), lung volume index (LVI), and alveolar cell proliferation index (CPI) were measured in the right lung at 10 and 21 days after surgery. Morphometric analysis was used to determine alveolar surface density (Sv) and total volume of respiratory region (TVvr). As expected, LWI, LVI, and CPI were significantly increased after pneumonectomy at both time points in group P. The administration of KGF resulted in further significant enhancements of LWI, LVI, and CPI in group PK. TVvr was significantly increased in group P and further enhanced in group PK. Interestingly, Sv was not altered in group P but was significantly elevated in group PK. Administration of KGF to sham-operated animals did not alter LWI, LVI, or CPI.

Conclusions

KGF enhances compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy in adult rats as indicated by increased LWI, LVI, and CPI. KGF induces new alveolar formation, as indicated by increases in Sv and TVvr. We believe that this is the first evidence that KGF can induce new alveolar formation in mature lungs.
Time in Target Range for Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Huang Rihua , Lin Yifen , Liu Menghui , Xiong Zhenyu , Zhang Shaozhao , Zhong Xiangbin , Ye Xiaomin , Huang Yiquan , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue
Published: March 2022

Background

The association between blood pressure control and clinical outcomes is unclear among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Both too high and too low of systolic blood pressure (SBP) have been reported to be related to poor clinical prognosis. This study aimed to assess the association between time in SBP target range and adverse clinical events among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

This study was a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial, a randomized clinical trial that compared the efficacy and safety of spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Time in target range (TTR) was calculated using linear interpolation, with the target range of SBP defined as 110 to 130 mm Hg. The association between TTR with adverse outcomes was estimated using multivariable Cox regression to adjust for multiple confounders. Participants with greater TTR were younger, more likely to be White, had less comorbidities, and lower body mass index. After adjusting for multiple covariates including mean SBP, 1‐SD increment (38.3%) of TTR was significantly associated with a decreased risk of primary composite end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [0.73–0.90]), as well as a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.81 [0.73–0.90]), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [0.68–0.90]), and heart failure hospitalization (HR, 0.85 [0.74–0.97]). Results were similar when participants were categorized by TTR groups. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations were more significant in young people than in the old (
P
interaction
=0.028).

Conclusions

In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, greater time in SBP target range was statistically associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality events beyond blood pressure level, especially among younger patients.
Temporal Changes in Pollen Concentration Predict Short‐Term Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Al‐Mukhtar Omar , Vogrin Sara , Lampugnani Edwin R. , Noaman Samer , Dinh Diem T. , Brennan Angela L. , Reid Christopher , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Cox Nicholas , Stub Dion , Chan William
Published: March 2022

Background

Atmospheric changes in pollen concentration may affect human health by triggering various allergic processes. We sought to assess if changes in pollen concentrations were associated with different acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtype presentations and short‐term clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data in consecutive patients presenting with ACS (unstable angina, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2014 and December 2017 and enrolled in the VCOR (Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry). Baseline characteristics were compared among patients exposed to different grass and total pollen concentrations. The primary outcome was occurrence of ACS subtypes and 30‐day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (composite of mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, or stroke). Of 15 379 patients, 7122 (46.3%) presented with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, 6781 (44.1%) with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and 1476 (9.6%) with unstable angina. The mean age was 62.5 years, with men comprising 76% of patients. No association was observed between daily or seasonal grass and total pollen concentrations with the frequency of ACS subtype presentation. However, grass and total pollen concentrations in the preceding days (2‐day average for grass pollen and 7‐day average for total pollen) correlated with in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.12–4.21];
P
=0.021 and OR, 2.78 [95% CI, 1.00–7.74];
P
=0.05), respectively, with a trend of 2‐day grass pollen for 30‐day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.97–2.32];
P
=0.066).

Conclusions

Increased pollen concentrations were not associated with differential ACS subtype presentation but were significantly related to in‐hospital mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention, underscoring a potential biologic link between pollen exposure and clinical outcomes.
Trust and Media Use in Everyday Life in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Masamichi
Published: March 2022

In trust research, the relation between personal use of media, such as television viewing and Internet use, and trust has been extensively discussed. The association of heavy television viewing and Internet use with mistrust remains a source of heated debate. Putnam stated that, “America’s social capital was in a state of long-term decline, and the main culprit in its demise was the rise of television.” He also pointed out that another principal villain in the decline might be the Internet. While some studies indicate that Internet use may enhance large social networks and contribute to higher levels of generalized trust, others suggest the contrary. This study aims to contribute to this debate. Eight research questions were identified, studied, and reported on. The data were collected based on nationwide general social surveys on attitudes. Results, using multiple correspondence analysis, show clear differences in the media use of trusting and mistrusting persons.
Mapping Cultural Distances in a Catnet Approach
Authors: Fokas Nikos , Jelenfi Gábor , Tardos Róbert
Published: March 2022

This article studies national-ethnic images and cultural distances utilizing contemporary network methodology. The conceptual framework related to cognitive maps of perceived in-group and out-group stereotypes builds on an extended application of the catnet concept introduced by Harrison White. Employing an adapted version of the classical comparative approach by Buchanan and Cantril, the survey took place online in 2016/17, in a joint project with Greek and Hungarian samples. The analyses build on a two-mode network approach of attributes attached to these two, and four other nationalities, highlighting emotional and competence dimensions and skills/knowledge styles in an attribute/nation perspective. The impact of recent crises is also treated by contrasting the cognitive maps of various segments of the Greek and Hungarian populations.
Where are the Neoliberals?
Authors: Dixon Jeffrey C.
Published: March 2022

Are “neoliberal” policies/institutions related to concomitant beliefs and values worldwide? While disputing the term “neoliberal,” theories of economic freedom expect such policies/institutions to promote what the author here calls “perceived freedom” and should theoretically be related to people’s “free market” values. Theories of neoliberalism equivocate on this question, but class-based strands of them anticipate class divisions in these beliefs and values. Using “economic freedom” indices to proxy the policy/institutional dimension of economic freedom and neoliberalism alike, this study tests these and other hypotheses through multilevel modeling analyses of the sixth wave of World Values Survey data from 55 diverse countries/territories. Economic freedom indices are not significantly related to average perceived freedom in the main. Economic freedom indices are positively related to some free market values, but less robustly so after controls. People who identify as upper/upper-middle class perceive greater freedom and support free market values more than their counterparts. Implications are discussed.
Global Systems for Sociopolitical Instability Forecasting and Their Efficiency
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Medvedev Ilya , Zinkina Julia
Published: March 2022

This article offers a comparison of sociopolitical instability forecasting systems. It compares systematically their efficiency by correlating their predictions for particular years with actual levels of destabilization in the respective years. It is demonstrated that the predictive capacity of those systems dropped dramatically after 2011. This is shown to be connected with the fact that the Arab Spring in 2011 acted as a trigger for a global phase transition, resulting in the World System making a transition to a qualitatively new phase, with the emergence of new patterns that are not taken into account by forecasting systems developed before its beginning.
Addition to the knowledge of Tribe Chlaeniini Brullé, 1834 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Pakistan
Authors: ULLAH MISHKAT , NAEEM MUHAMMAD , MAHMOOD KHALID , GARNER BEULAH
Published: March 2022

A series of fieldwork events were conducted for the collection of Carabidae specimens in different regions of Pakistan from 2014–18. The fieldwork yielded 378 specimens belonging to tribe Chlaeniini Brullé, 1834. Fieldwork collections were supplemented by the Coleoptera collections of repositories including Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad; National Insect Museum, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad and the Natural History Museum, London. This study resulted in the identification of 32 species and subspecies belonging to three genera (Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810, Harpaglossus Motschulsky, 1858 and Pristomacherus Bates, 1873). Sixteen species have been reported for the first time from Pakistan. A new combination is proposed for the subspecies Callistomimus littoralis littoralis (Motschulsky, 1859) to Pristomachaerus littoralis littoralis (Motschulsky, 1859) comb. nov. (= Callistomimus littoralis littoralis Chaudoir, syn. nov.). An identification key was developed for the species and subspecies of the tribe Chlaeniini from Pakistan.
Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a stonefly genus new to the fauna of China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: March 2022

A new species of Zapada Ricker, 1952, Zapada kondratieffi sp. nov. from central Sichuan Province of China is described and illustrated, which represents the first record of the genus in China. The new species is characterized mainly by the presence of five simple cervical gills, vestigial inner paraproct lobe, and absence of paraproct spines. The preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis using COI sequences recovered the relationship among eight species of Zapada and supports the close relationship between Z. kondratieffi and Zapada frigida (Claassen, 1923).
What Governs the Interannual Variability of Recurving North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Sainsbury Elliott M. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. , Hodges Kevin I. , Baker Alexander J. , Shaffrey Len C. , Bhatia Kieran T.
Published: March 2022

Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause extensive damage along the U.S. East Coast and later in their life cycle over Europe as post-tropical cyclones. While the existing literature attempts to understand the drivers of basinwide and regional TC variability, less work has been undertaken looking at recurving TCs. The roles played by the interannual variabilities of TC frequency and the steering flow in governing recurving TC interannual variability are investigated in this study. Using a track-matching algorithm, we identify observed TC tracks from the NHC “best track” hurricane database, version 2 (HURDAT2) in the ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses. This allows for detailed analysis of the post-tropical stages of the tracks in the observational TC record, enabling robust identification and separation of TCs that recurve. We show that over 75% of the interannual variance in annual recurving TC frequency can be explained by just two predictors—the frequency of TCs forming in the subtropical Atlantic, and hurricanes (TCs with wind speeds > 33 m s−1) forming in the main development region (MDR). An index describing the seasonal mean meridional steering flow shows a weak, nonsignificant relationship with recurving TC frequency, supported by composite analysis. These results show that the interannual variability in recurving TC frequency is primarily driven by the seasonal TC activity of the MDR and the subtropical Atlantic, with seasonal anomalies in the steering flow playing a much smaller, secondary role. These results help to quantify the extent to which skillful seasonal forecasts of Atlantic hurricane activity benefit regions vulnerable to recurving TCs.

Significance Statement

Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause extensive damage to the U.S. East Coast, eastern Canada, and Europe. It is, therefore, crucial to understand why some years have a higher frequency of recurving TCs than other years. In this study, we show that the frequency of recurving TCs is very strongly linked to the frequency that hurricanes (TCs with wind speeds > 33 m s−1) form in the main development region, and the frequency that TCs form in the subtropical Atlantic. This result suggests that skillful seasonal prediction of hurricane activity could be used to give enhanced seasonal warning to the regions often impacted by recurving TCs.
An Approach to Approximate Wave Height from Acoustic Tide Gauges
Authors: Kirk Katie , Dusek Gregory , Tissot Philippe , Sweet William
Published: March 2022

The demand for nearshore wave observations is increasing due to spatial gaps and the importance of observations for accurate models and better understanding of inundation processes. Here, we show how water level (WL) standard deviation (sigma, σ) measurements at three acoustic NOAA tide gauges that utilize an Aquatrak sensor [Duck, North Carolina, Bob Hall Pier (BHP) in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Lake Worth, Florida] can be used as a proxy for significant wave height (Hm0). Sigma-derived Hm0 is calibrated to best fit nearby wave observations and error is quantified through RMSE, normalized RMSE (NRMSE), bias, and a scatter index. At Duck and Lake Worth, a quadratic fit of sigma to nearby wave observations results in a R2 of 0.97 and 0.83, RMSE of 0.11 and 0.11 m, and NRMSE of 0.09 and 0.22, respectively. A linear fit between BHP sigma and Hm0 is best, resulting in R2 0.62, RMSE of 0.22, and NRMSE of 0.26. Regression fits deviate across NOAA stations and from the classic relationship of Hm0 = 4σ, indicating Hm0 cannot be accurately estimated with this approach at these Aquatrak sites. The dynamic water level (DWL = still WL ± 2σ) is calculated over the historic time series showing climatological and seasonal trends in the stations’ daily maximums. The historical DWL and sigma wave proxy could be calculated for many NOAA tide gauges dating back to 1996. These historical wave observations can be used to fill observational spatial gaps, validate models, and improve understanding of wave climates.

Significance Statement

There is a large spatial gap in nearshore real-time observational wave data that can provide critical information to researchers and resource managers regarding inundation and erosion, help validate coastal hydrodynamic models, and provide the maritime community with products that help ensure navigational safety. This study utilizes existing infrastructure to help fill the demand for nearshore wave observations by deriving a proxy for wave height at three sites. This work shows spatial variability in the regression fits across the sites, which should be explored at more stations in future work. Multidecadal length time series were also used at the sites to investigate climatological and seasonal trends that provide insight into wave climates and wave driven processes important for coastal flooding.
Understanding the Church Eschatologically. A Pattern of Theological Reform in Texts and Sources of Vatican II
Authors: Stoll Christian
Published: March 2022

The article shows from texts and sources of Vatican II that it is a major strategy of theological reform at the Council to understand the Church eschatologically. Leaving behind positions of traditional neo-scholastic ecclesiology, this strategy remodels the social, missionary, and ecumenical character of the Church. Moreover, it affects the understanding of time and eternity as well as the relationship between the Church in the political order.
Barium in coal and coal combustion products: Distribution, enrichment and migration
Authors: Hao Huidi , Zhang Minmin , Wang Jinxi , Fu Zhiheng , Balaji Panchal , Jiang Shuting
Published: March 2022

Coal triggering pollution caused by the emission of harmful substances in the process of coal combustion has been paid more and more attention. Barium is a ubiquitous heavy metal element in coal. During coal combustion, Ba in coal has been released into the environment in different forms, and coal-fired products with high Ba content can cause harm to the environment, human health and even pose a serious threat to life. By reviewing the literature, distribution, modes of occurrence, mobility of Ba in coal seams were summarized and studied in this paper. It is expected to provide information for controlling emission of Ba. The content characteristics of Ba in coal in some countries are introduced, and the content gradient of Ba in coal of Chinese different provinces is introduced in detail. And coal with Ba content greater than or equal to 5 times of the world average Ba content, namely, coal containing 750 μg/g Ba is called high Ba coal. Many studies have shown that Ba was extremely enriched in coal in some areas (up to 5,000 μg/g), particularly in the Jurassic coal seams of the Huanglong coalfield in China. There were various types of occurrences of Ba in coal, including witherite, barite, crandallite and other minerals. Meanwhile, Ba can combine with organic matter as well. According to existing studies, the enrichment mechanism of Ba in coal is mainly derived from soil, sediment and seawater erosion, with the later causal minerals Ba carbonate and strontium rhodochrosite being the main carriers of Ba. The migration and transformation pathways of Ba in coal and its combustion products are described. As a medium volatile element, Ba is prone to concentrate in products of coal combustion, particularly those small-grainsize particles in fly ash, which may induce more serious contamination.
Restoring Honor by Slapping or Disowning the Daughter
Authors: Ashokkumar Ashwini , Swann William B.
Published: March 2022

The psychological processes underlying honor violence against kin are poorly understood. We assumed that honor violence against daughters who violate a gendered norm is designed to uphold family honor and nurture positive links to the community. Four studies with Indian men supported this formulation. As expected, endorsement of honor violence (i.e., slapping or disowning the daughter) increased insofar as perceived community awareness of the violation increased. Moreover, endorsement of honor violence was especially common among those whose identities were closely aligned (“fused”) with their community. Finally, a desire to restore threatened family honor, rather than a motivation to prevent future dishonor, motivates honor violence against daughters; conversely, a desire to prevent future dishonor motivates constructive activities such as advising. Ironically, a benign, culturally universal desire to maintain positive ties to the community can encourage community members to endorse violence toward transgressive kin.
Temporal Bone Resection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lateral Skull Base: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: McCracken Matthew , Pai Kavya , Cabrera Claudia I. , Johnson Benjamin R. , Tamaki Akina , Gidley Paul W. , Manzoor Nauman F.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is rare and often confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to synthesize survival and recurrence outcomes data reported in the literature for patients who underwent temporal bone resection (TBR) for curative management of TBSCC. We considered TBSCC listed as originating from multiple subsites, including the external ear, parotid, and external auditory canal (EAC), or nonspecifically from the temporal bone.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and manual search of bibliographies.

Review Method

A systematic literature review conducted in December 2020 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

Survival data were collected from 51 retrospective studies, resulting in a pooled cohort of 501 patients with TBSCC. Compared to patients undergoing lateral TBR (LTBR), patients undergoing subtotal (SBTR) or total (TTBR) TBR exhibited significantly higher rates of stage IV disease (P < .001), positive surgical margins (P < .001), facial nerve involvement (P < .001), and recurrent disease (P < .001). A meta‐analysis of 15 studies revealed a statistically significant 97% increase in mortality in patients who underwent STBR or TTBR. On multivariate analysis, recurrent disease was independently associated with worse overall survival (P < .001). On univariate analysis, facial nerve involvement was also associated with decreased overall survival (P < .001).

Conclusion

Recurrent disease was associated with risk of death in patients undergoing TBR. Larger prospective multi‐institutional studies are needed to ascertain prognostic factors for a wider array of postoperative outcomes, including histology‐specific survival and recurrence outcomes.
COVID‐19 Vaccines and Professional Obligations for Otolaryngologists
Authors: Hogikyan Norman D. , Shuman Andrew G.
Published: March 2022

The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation recently released a position statement with the following conclusion: “Otolaryngologists have a professional obligation to provide medically indicated care to all patients. They should not use vaccination status as a prerequisite to offer services except in exceptional circumstances. We all have a collective obligation to educate and encourage appropriate best public health practices and evidence‐based infection control mitigation strategies including vaccination.” We reflect on how this statement is consistent with time‐honored principles and professional obligations inherent to the doctor‐patient relationship, as well as consonant with the collective lessons that we have learned practicing during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A pilot study exploring the effectiveness of a whole-school intervention targeting receptive vocabulary in the early years: Findings from a mixed method study involving students as part of a practice-based research placement
Authors: Hopkins Thomas , Harrison Emily , Coyne-Umfreville Emily , Packer Melanie
Published: March 2022

Studies that have examined whole-school interventions that target conceptual knowledge reveal characteristics that are important in the delivery of a deep processing approach to word learning. These consist of explicit instruction, play, and multi-sensory experiences that are situated within and repeated across varied contexts. Word Aware (WA) is an example of a vocabulary intervention that incorporates such features. This study examined the effectiveness of the Early Years version of the WA programme in supporting the development of vocabulary knowledge in a sample of 92 children comparing them to a control group of 31 children who received usual teaching. Student speech and language therapists supported the testing and delivery of a 10-week intervention as part of their clinical placement and were interviewed along with the teachers on their perceptions of the intervention and their experiences collaborating with staff to support the whole school delivery of the programme. Informal and standardised assessment scores of receptive vocabulary showed no significant difference in the overall improvement between both groups despite finding significant improvement within each group on words targeted for intervention. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed positive observations of child engagement with aspects of the programme that aimed to promote a deep processing of word meaning. Students reported an increased sense of confidence in their ability to collaborate with teaching staff and in their willingness to engage in research as part of their clinical practice. The ceiling effects reported in the outcome measures of both the intervention and control group suggest that the WA programme may be better suited to a sample of younger-aged children. The study provides original insight into the student experience of working in a whole-class environment whilst conducting practice-based research as part of clinical placement. The methodological limitations of this study are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
Development of a research-based classification of approaches to paediatric palliative medicine service provision within children’s and young adults’ hospices: A mixed methods study
Authors: Frost Jo , Hunt Jane , Hewitt-Taylor Jaqui , Lapwood Susie
Published: March 2022

Background:

Globally, pioneers in children’s palliative care influenced this speciality’s development through individual initiatives leading to diverse models of care. Children’s and young adults’ hospices have now been established around the world. However, service provision varies widely leading to inequities both within countries and internationally.

Aim:

To describe and classify existing approaches to paediatric palliative medicine in children’s and young adults’ hospices across the UK.

Design:

A mixed methods study conducted by telephone interview.

Setting/participants:

Thirty-one leaders of children’s hospice care, representing 28 services, 66% of UK children’s and young adults’ hospice organisations.

Results:

A geographic-specialist classification was developed through integration of findings, enabling hospices to be classified as Regional specialist, Regional non-specialist, Local specialist and Local non-specialist. Both qualitative and quantitative data demonstrated diversity and inequity in paediatric palliative medicine provision. Of 159 doctors (63.5% of whom were general practitioners) working in participating hospices only 27.5% had specialist training in paediatric palliative medicine. The majority of participating hospices (67.9%) did not have involvement from a paediatric palliative medicine consultant.

Conclusions:

Internationally, the integration of specialist children’s palliative care teams with existing services is a current challenge. Despite differing approaches to children’s palliative care world-wide, models of care which facilitate integration of specialist children’s palliative care could benefit a range of countries and contexts. The geographic-specialist classification could be used to inform recommendations for a networked approach to paediatric palliative medicine within children’s and young adults’ hospices to promote equity for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.
The impact of crime on tourists and the need for greater support for tourist victims
Authors: Ozascilar M , Mawby RI
Published: March 2022

This article presents the first research to address the impact of crime on citizens who suffer crime during a vacation. Based on a small sample of US residents victimised while visiting five different countries, and drawn from a crowdsourcing platform, it is, essentially exploratory. However, the findings suggest that tourist victims are severely affected by their experiences and that this impacts their feelings about revisiting the country where the offence occurred. Most victims reported receiving support from both formal and informal sources, but at the same time most said they would have appreciated more support. While more research is needed to build on this study, the findings do underline the need for a greater focus on both crime reduction and harm minimisation.
Performance analysis of Savonius wind turbines in different models
Authors: Simsek Ayse , Teksin Suleyman , Akansu Selahaddin Orhan , Akansu Yahya Erkan
Published: March 2022

This study presents experimental results of power performance characterizations for of 12 different Savonius turbine blades. There are three different models and the numbers of each blade types have been selected as 2, 3, 4, and 5. Three different blade types are drawn in a CAD program and all blade models are produced from 3D printer. The experiments are carried out in the subsonic wind tunnel laboratory of the Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Erciyes University. The wind tunnel has 15 kW motor power to produce wind flow. Test zone inlet and outlet section is 0.57 m × 0.57 m and 0.59 m × 0.59 m respectively. Shaft to shaft type torque meter is mounted between turbine and electric motor. Measurements have been made at wind speeds between 1 and 30 m/s. The performance values of each turbine have been measured. While the 3-bladed turbine showed the highest power coefficient values in the whole study, the maximum value was obtained from the modified helical turbine type.