bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A test of foreshock occurrence in the central Aleutian Island Arc
Authors: Bowman J. Roger , Kisslinger Carl
Published: July 2021

A statistical method for estimating the occurrence of foreshocks to larger earthquakes using local seismicity data is applied to the catalog of earthquakes from a local seismograph network near Adak, Alaska. Foreshocks are defined in a restricted sense as earthquakes preceding larger earthquakes within a critical time calculated from the mean time between successive earthquakes in the volume surrounding the target event. The threshold of completeness of the earthquake catalog is estimated as duration magnitude Md2.2. A low-magnitude cutoff on the catalog of Md2.5 was used to minimize potential bias from variations in weather and instrumentation condition. About 6 to 10 per cent of 51 main shocks of mb ≧ 4.5 in the Adak thrust zone were preceded by detectable earthquakes satisfying this statistical definition for foreshocks. As many as 14 percent of mb ≧ 5.0 earthquakes may have been preceded by detectable earthquakes satisfying this definition. An estimate of foreshock occurrence using as background the seismicity rate in the 4 months preceding larger earthquakes indicates a slightly higher rate of occurrence. The volume around the target events which showed foreshock activity is used to infer the size of a zone of preparation for larger earthquakes in the Adak area. The data are consistent with a zone of preparation whose size is a linear function of target-event magnitude. The size of the zone of preparation ranges from 20 to 45 km in radius for body-wave magnitudes 4.0 to 5.7.
Source processes of the 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake sequence from body-wave analysis
Authors: Kim Won-Young , Kulhánek Ota , Meyer Klaus
Published: July 2021

Teleseismic long-period body waves from the 24 February 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake and its two principal aftershocks of 25 February (02h35m) and 4 March (21h58m) 1981 are studied to determine source characteristics. Focal mechanisms, along with observed surface fault breaks, suggest that the Corinth earthquake sequence represents normal faulting due to the N-S trending extension. Depths of the three shocks, estimated by matching synthetic seismograms to observations, are found to lie between 4 and 12 km. The azimuthal variation of observed body-wave duration indicates that the main shock is a multiple event and that the main rupture occurred about 3 to 4 sec after a relatively small foreshock and propagated toward the W-NW.

Seismic moments deduced from the body-wave synthetics are 8.1 ×1025, 2.7 ×1025, and 2.2 ×1025 dyne-cm for the main, 25 February and 4 March shocks, respectively. Average final displacements and stress drops are estimated to be 37 cm and 10 bars for the main shock (for a circular fault of radius 15 km); 22 cm and 8 bars for the 25 February shock, and 18 cm and 7 bars for the 4 March shock (for circular faults of radius 11 km).

The striking features of the earthquake sequence are the low stress drops of the main shock and its two principal aftershocks, and the clear eastward migration of aftershock activities. The unusually long source-time function rise times (4 sec for the main shock, 2.5 sec for both aftershocks) and low stress drops suggest an overall slow energy release during the earthquake sequence.
Finite difference analysis of Rayleigh wave transmission past an upward step change
Authors: Fuyuki Masahiko , Nakano Masayoshi
Published: July 2021

Transmission coefficients of the Rayleigh wave past an upward step change are obtained by the finite difference scheme. In the region of large height of a step relative to a wavelength h/λ, individual phases of the transmitted wave are investigated and the dominant wave in each phase is clarified. For smaller values of h/λ, we examine to what extent the contribution of the diffracted wave due to a step change accounts for the discrepancy between the finite difference results and the prediction of the theory of Mal and Knopoff. In order to explain the transmission coefficients with h/λ close to zero, a boundary-perturbation method is extended to the second order.
Seismic-induced pore-water pressure records from the Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence of 25 to 27 May 1980
Authors: Harp E. L. , Sarmiento John , Cranswick Edward
Published: July 2021

Eight records of seismic-induced pore-water pressure and corresponding acceleration records were gathered from aftershocks of the 25 to 27 May 1980, Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence. The records were obtained from lakeshore sediments at Convict Lake that had undergone liquefaction and subsequent lateral-spreading failure. The pore-pressure records showed several similarities to corresponding strong-motion acceleration records. The pore-pressure traces show clear P- and S-wave phases and are in phase with corresponding P-wave components of the acceleration records. S-wave components of pore-pressure records appear most similar in waveform to one or the other of the corresponding horizontal acceleration components. Although the P-wave portions of pore pressure are in phase with their acceleration counterparts, the amplitudes are not related by a strictly proportional factor. S-wave portions of the porepressure records show a phase lag compared to the S wave of the respective acceleration trace. In most cases, the frequency of the pore-pressure S-wave components are also about 5 Hz lower in frequency than the acceleration S waves.
High stress drops of short-period subevents from the 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake as observed on strong-motion records
Authors: Mori Jim , Shimazaki Kunihiko
Published: July 2021

Strong-motion records of the 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake were examined, and two very high stress drop subevents were identified. The first subevent had been previously located by Nagamune (1969), and the second subevent was located in this study using P waves recorded on short-period WWSSN records. Estimates of source parameters revealed small source dimensions (<1 per cent of the aftershock area) and very high dynamic and static stress drops in the kilobar range for both of the subevents. It is suggested that these subevents are important in driving the main rupture of this earthquake.

The two subevents also produced the dominant accelerations on the strong-motion records, and it is shown that high-peak accelerations (150 to 200 cm/sec2) were recorded even at relatively large distances (100 to 200 km).
Depth determination of North Italian earthquakes using Grafenberg data
Authors: Zonno G. , Kind R.
Published: July 2021

Surface reflections such as pP and sP have long been used to determine the source depth of teleseismic events. Due to difficulties in identifying these phases at single, narrow-band stations, they have rarely been used for regional events. Correlation over an array of stations and the possibility of applying different filters to broadband data allows such phases to be identified. We describe a method to determine the source depth, which uses such depth phases at regional distances. Complete theoretical seismograms are an important aid for the interpretation of these depth phases. The method is demonstrated using small events from the Lombardia region and large events from Friuli, Northern Italy. Good agreement is achieved with depth determinations by other authors for the Friuli events. Relative source depths are determined very accurately, since only time differences need to be compared.
The relative performance ofmband alternative measures of elastic energy in estimating source size and explosion yield
Authors: Bullitt J. T. , Cormier V. F.
Published: July 2021

A comparison has been made of the relative scatter of classical mb and alternative measures of P-wave energy from underground nuclear explosions at test sites in East Kazakh, USSR. The scatter of the energy measures is observed in teleseismic arrays of short-period Global Digital Seismic Network (GDSN) stations and the local broadband array at Graefenburg, Federal Republic of Germany. Four measures of A in log(A/T), spectral magnitudes, peak velocity, rms coda, and integrated velocity-squared are compared. The measures are constructed to be in equivalent units of the flux rate of radiated elastic energy. All measures are assumed to have the same slope in a linear regression of log(yield) versus log(measure). Three independent tests were made of the stability of the yield estimators: the scatter of the measures using: (1) Graefenburg array data; (2) GDSN data normalized to a reference station; and (3) GDSN data normalized to a reference event. The differences among the standard deviations are small (≦ 0.1 mb units), making it difficult using a small data base to conclude whether the performance of one estimator is significantly better than another. The relative order in the performance of the yield estimators, however, is preserved in each of the three tests. The coda measure is the most stable, followed by the spectral and time-domain A/T measures. The relations observed at Graefenburg between (1) the amplitude of direct P versus P coda, (2) the apparent azimuth of direct P, and (3) complexity, suggest that amplitude variations across an array are a product of scattering along the entire ray path as well as scattering, focusing, and defocusing localized in the lithosphere beneath the source and receiver sites.
Variations of apparent stresses and stress drops prior to the earthquake of 6 May 1984 (mb= 5.8) in the Adak Seismic Zone
Authors: Scherbaum Frank , Kisslinger Carl
Published: July 2021

On 6 May 1984, a mb = 5.8 earthquake occurred within a subregion of the Adak Seismic Zone that had shown clustering of mb>4.5 earthquakes during the last 3 yr. This region has been examined for premonitory variations in stress drop and apparent stresses, calculated from the S-wave spectra of 69 microearthquakes (Md < 2.7) which occurred between January 1981 and May 1984. The influence of local site conditions seems to control the corner frequencies at certain stations. Both the distribution of apparent stresses and stress drops shows local concentrations of high values close to the hypocenter of the 6 May event and an increase with time over 3 yr for earthquakes closer than ≈ 7.5 km. The significance of the increase is greater than 99.5 percent for the apparent stresses and greater than 95 percent for the stress drops. The quantitative interpretation in terms of ambient stresses is aggravated since the stress drops with seismic moments less than about 1.0 × 1013 Nm decrease with decreasing moment.
The 23:19 aftershock of the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake: More evidence for an asperity
Authors: Liu Hsui-Lin , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: July 2021

The well-recorded strong ground motion data for the 23:19 aftershock of the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake provide a good opportunity to study the high-frequency source characteristics and the path effects at near-source distances.

The best-fitting point source model has a strike-slip mechanism, N40°W, which is nearly identical to the main event. The estimated stress drop is extremely high, roughly 500 bars, with a triangular time history (0.1, 0.1 sec) but with a moment of 1.0 × 1024 dyne-cm. A double-source model found by inversion fits the high-frequency data better but indicates complex faulting: the first source (with strike = N319°E, dip = 42°NE, and slip angle = 165°) has a moment of 0.7 × 1024 dyne-cm, the second source (with strike = N324°E, dip = 82°SW, and slip angle = 181°) lies about 0.5 km to the north and has a seismic moment twice that of the first source. Source dimensions appear very small for this amount of energy release. Many of the anomalous behaviors observed at certain stations for the main event are, also, present in the aftershock data. These features are examined in terms of path effects.
La autobiografía como metodología visual introspectiva en la investigación en educación artística
Authors: López-Ganet Tiffany , Mesías-Lema José María
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo de Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes pretende mostrar las posibilidades metodológicas de la autobiografía en el campo de la Educación Artística. A través de una introspección personal se genera, utilizando metodologías artísticas a través de instrumentos de investigación como las fotografías de los álbumes familiares, archivos audiovisuales domésticos o el propio diario, una reflexión de la que extraer estrategias artísticas de investigación para usar en el aula. Los instrumentos de investigación como el diario, la fotografía o el vídeo suponen el punto de partida de la reflexión personal del profesorado, materializan su búsqueda, documentan el proceso de la investigación y son la vía para compartirlo con el alumnado por medio de estrategias decoloniales que fomenten la empatía. Incorporar las historias de vida del profesorado y del alumnado y convertirlas en el eje vertebrador de la planificación, desarrollo y reflexión de las acciones artísticas permite emprender un viaje desde lo más individual e íntimo hasta lo común y colectivo que fortalece lazos y permite una evolución orgánica del proceso investigador.
A intermediação virtual dos serviços turísticos: um estudo com ênfase nos usuários de sites de hospedagem
Authors: Riani Costa Perinotto André , Gomes Pereira Santos Anna Isabelle , Machado de Araújo Sávio , Max Tavares Jean
Published: July 2021

A criação da internet ao final de 1990 transformou o setor turístico, colocando-o como um dos setores essenciais do comércio eletrônico. Este estudo objetiva verificar a influência da internet na tomada de decisão do consumidor no planejamento da viagem, especificamente quanto a escolha e contratação dos meios de hospedagem. Para a construção desta pesquisa foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico sobre comércio eletrônico, turismo e comportamento do consumidor. Esta pesquisa se utilizou de coletada de dados por meio do método Survey Online, que foram respondidos por 366 internautas, concentrados no Estado do Ceará, um dos maiores mercados online do Nordeste, particularmente na sua capital, Fortaleza. Para analisar os dados foi utilizada a técnica de estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam a importância do meio virtual, bem como a praticidade que o smartphone oferece para a realização dos serviços turísticos, contrapondo, até mesmo, o fator financeiro em termos de disposição do usuário quanto a sua utilização. A contribuição destes resultados para o setor de hospedagens se faz por meio da reiteração da importância do comércio eletrônico na relação de consumo, oferecendo experiências de acordo com o perfil, e principalmente em uma versão adaptativa (responsiva) para smartphones
Lazer noturno e turismo como direito das pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Santana de Sousa Dina , Maia Farias Vasconcelos Sandra , Renner Rodrigues Soares Jakson , Vidal Maia Janicleide
Published: July 2021

O lazer é direito social e fator importante para efetiva qualidade de vida. Entende-se, portanto, que os espaços de lazer devem estar prontos para receber diferentes públicos, incluindo pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. Este trabalho objetivou analisar as condições de acessibilidade física em bares da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, consolidada como um dos destinos turísticos mais procurados no Brasil, tanto por suas praias, como também pelos espaços noturnos de lazer. Foram analisados os bares inscritos na Associação Brasileira de Bares e Restaurantes no Ceará (Abrasel–CE), com uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de caráter qualitativo. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio de questionário digital construído a partir dos Recursos de Acessibilidade (Ministério do Turismo) entre maio e julho de 2020. Concluiu-se que, apesar de alguns estabelecimentos apresentarem parte dos Recursos de Acessibilidade, a acessibilidade nos bares de Fortaleza é questionável. Porém, identificando-se essas falhas, inicia-se o processo de resolução desse problema.
Ergenlerde Reaktif-Proaktif Saldırganlık ve Bilişsel Esneklik: Öfkenin Aracı Rolü
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Ahmet Çağlar , HASPOLAT Namık Kemal , ÇELİK Oğuzhan , YALÇIN Ragıp Ümit
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin reaktif-proaktif saldırganlık ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasında, öfkenin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları Erzincan ilinde 2018-2019 yılı içerisinde öğrenim görmekte olan ve uygun örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenen lise öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 15-19 olup, 227’si kız ve 278’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 505 kişidir. Araştırmada Reaktif-Proaktif Saldırganlık Ölçeği, Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği, Bilisşel Esneklik Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel araştırma modeli üzerine kurgulanmıştır ve araştırmadan elde edilen veriler korelasyon analizi, ilişkisiz ölçümler için t-testi ve aracılık testi için ise regresyon temelli bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada reaktif-proaktif sadırganlık, öfke ve bilişsel esneklik arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Bağımsız örneklem t testi sonucuna göre cinsiyet açısından her iki saldırganlık düzeyinde erkekler lehine anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir. Bilişsel esneklik, sürekli öfke, dışa yönelmiş öfke ve öfke kontrol reaktif saldırganlığı; bilişsel esneklik, sürekli öfke ve dışa yönelmiş öfke proaktif saldırganlığı anlamlı şekilde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Son olarak ise, bilişsel esneklik ve reaktif ve proaktif saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide öfkenin aracı etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçların ergenlerde saldırganlığa neden olan etmenler ve bu etmenlere ilişkin etkin müdahale yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi açısından katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bütün bulgular ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Undesired Student Behaviors, the Effects of These Behaviors and Teachers’ Coping Methods
Authors: KAZAK Ender , KOYUNCU Volkan
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the undesired student behaviors encountered in the classroom, the effects of these behaviors, and teachers’ coping methods with them. A case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. This research was carried out with secondary school teachers working in the central district of Düzce. In this study, 14 teachers’ views were captured through semi-structured interview questions. The data were analyzed by using descriptive content analysis method. The results revealed that undesired student behaviors were disturbing the peace of the lesson, not being prepared for the lesson, sleeping during the lesson, distraction, disrespectful behaviors, fighting with friends, not obeying the rules, coming late to class. It was also determined that the undesired behaviors decreased teacher’s motivation; the ability of the teacher to teach effectively, made classroom management difficult, decreased the academic success of the students, and caused problems with the school administration. It was found that most of the teachers warned the students to cope with or prevent undesired behaviors, and if it did not work and the problem continued, they talked to the family. In the context of the results of the research, suggestions were made for researchers and practitioners.
Pozitif Algı Düzeyi ile Motivasyon Arasındaki İlişki: Öğretmenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: YILDIZ Aslı , ÖZDEMİR Tuncay Yavuz
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma ile öğretmen algılarına göre okul idarecilerinin pozitif algı düzeyleri ve öğretmen motivasyonu arasındaki ilişki düzeyi tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma doğası gereği ilişkisel tarama modelinde düzenlenmiş nicel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada “Pozitif Algı Ölçeği” ve “Öğretme Motivasyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Yıldız ve Özdemir (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Pozitif algı ölçeği 15 madde ve üç alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Kauffman, Soylu ve Duke (2011) tarafından geliştirilen motivasyon ölçeği 12 madde ve iki alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma evreni Elazığ ilinde çalışmakta olan ilkokul öğretmenlerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın hedefi olan öğretmenlerin bakış açıları ile okul yöneticilerinin pozitif algı düzeylerinin, öğretmelerin içsel ve dışsal motivasyonu ile ilişkisini saptamak amacıyla basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile 700 öğretmene ulaşılmış ve elde edilen verilerin 558’i ile çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizleri sonucunda pozitif algı ölçeğinin üç faktörü olan mesleki-kişisel yetkinlik (MKY), etkili iletişim-iş birliği (Eİİ) ve sorumluluk yetisi ve örgütsel etkililiğe katkı sağlama (SYÖEKS) faktörlerinden sadece mesleki ve kişisel yetkinlik olgusunun içsel ve dışsal motivasyon üzerinde anlamlı yordayıcı olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin kendilerini mesleklerinde nitelikli görmeleri, etkin nesiller yetiştirmeleri açısı ile önem teşkil eder. Uluslararası ve ulusal birçok araştırmaya konu olan motivasyon ve pozitif algı arasındaki ilişki açısı ile önem taşıyan bu çalışma öğretmen motivasyonunu, yönetici bakış açısı çerçevesi ile değerlendirip; daha nitelikli bir hal almasında çeşitli ipuçları vermektedir.
An Investigation on Metacognitive Listening Strategy Use and Listening Anxiety in EFL Classrooms
Authors: ÖLMEZER ÖZTÜRK Elçin
Published: July 2021

Employing a survey design, this study aims to examine learners’ metacognitive listening strategies, their listening anxiety and whether there is a relationship between these two research matters in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms. The participants included 112 freshman students at a university context and they were taking a listening and comprehension course during the study. Two scales were used to collect the data for this study; Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale (FLLAS) was used to measure the participants’ listening anxiety and Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) was used to identify their strategy use. The collected data were analysed by using a statistical program and with the help of descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the participants experienced a moderate level of foreign language listening anxiety. In terms of their metacognitive listening strategy use, problem solving strategies were found to be used the most while mental translation strategies were used the least. It was also found that there was a low positive relationship between the participants’ listening anxiety and their listening strategy use. Furthermore, no significant change was found among low, moderate and high anxious learners in terms of the types of their metacognitive listening strategy use. Parallel with those findings, the study offers several suggestions for practitioners to apply in language classrooms and for researchers to further investigate the nature of these two phenomena.
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Mobil Uygulamalara Dayalı Etkinliklerin Akademik Başarı, Eleştirel Düşünme Becerisi ve Motivasyon Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: GEZER Uğur , ERSOY Arife
Published: July 2021

Mobil uygulamalar öğretim süreçlerine önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Mobil uygulamaların işlevsel olarak kullanılabileceği derslerden biri sosyal bilgilerdir. Sosyal bilgiler dersinde mobil uygulamalara dayalı etkinlikler öğrencilerin başarısı, eleştirel düşünme becerisi ve motivasyonlarına katkı sağlayabilir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler dersinde mobil uygulamalara dayalı etkinliklerin akademik başarı, eleştirel düşünme becerisi ve motivasyon üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma, karma araştırma yöntemlerinden iç içe gömülü deneysel desene göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, 2018-2019 öğretim yılı 2. döneminde, bir il merkezindeki devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 7. sınıf öğrencileri ve bu öğrencilerin dersine giren sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Sosyal Bilgiler Başarı Testi, Cornell Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri Testi Düzey X, Sosyal Bilgiler Motivasyon Ölçeği, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, sınıf içi gözlemler ve öğrencilerin mobil uygulamalarda gerçekleştirdikleri etkinliklerden toplanmıştır. Nicel veriler ANCOVA ve karma ANOVA; nitel veriler ise tümevarımsal analiz ve doküman analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda mobil uygulamalara dayalı etkinliklerin öğrencilerin akademik başarı, eleştirel düşünme becerisi ve motivasyonlarına katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Nitel araştırma bulguları da gerçekleştirilen deneysel işlemin öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, eleştirel düşünme becerileri ve motivasyonlarına katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle sosyal bilgiler eğitiminde öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, eleştirel düşünme becerileri ve motivasyonlarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla mobil uygulamalardan yararlanılabilir.
Los retos al Tribunal Constitucional español desde la perspectiva del constitucionalismo político
Authors: López Guerra Luis
Published: July 2021

Desde lo que se ha llamado «constitucionalismo político» se han formulado serias objeciones a la actuación (y la misma existencia) de una jurisdicción constitucional, por cuanto pudiera suponer una indebida influencia judicial en el ejercicio de funciones correspondientes a otros poderes del Estado. El presente artículo trata de exponer algunos de los retos de este tipo con que ha debido enfrentarse el Tribunal Constitucional español debido a la iniciativa de otros actores políticos.
Voluntarismo judicial y autonomía parlamentaria (o de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre las facultades de las Mesas parlamentarias en la calificación y admisión a trámite de propuestas de comparencia ante las cámaras o sus comisiones)
Authors: Rodríguez-Patrón Patricia
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se analiza la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre las facultades de las Mesas parlamentarias en la calificación y admisión a trámite de propuestas de comparecencia ante las cámaras o sus comisiones. Al hilo de dicho análisis, se ponen de manifiesto algunas incoherencias internas de aquella, que hacen vislumbrar, a su vez, un cierto determinismo o voluntarismo judicial que ha jugado casi siempre en contra de la autonomía parlamentaria. Como consecuencia de todo ello, se sugiere en este artículo la necesidad de que el Tribunal Constitucional aborde este tipo de decisiones teniendo en cuenta esa autonomía, dejando a las cámaras el suficiente espacio para su ejercicio, de acuerdo con el criterio de «mínima intervención».
AMNİYON SIVI EMBOLİSİ: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: Patmano Gülçin , Bingöl Tanrıverdi Tuğba
Published: July 2021

Amniyon sıvı embolisi (ASE) gebelikte, doğum esnasında veya doğumdan sonra gelişebilen, oldukça nadir görülen ancak yaşamı tehdit eden ciddi bir klinik durumdur. Mortalite oranlarının bazı yayınlarda %90’lara kadar ulaştığı belirtilmektedir. Kesin tanı postmortem incelemede amniyotik sıvı komponentlerinin annenin pulmoner dolaşımında görülmesi ile konur. Yaşayan hastalarda klinik tablo ile ancak teşhis konulabilir. Vakamız sağlıklı 21 yaşında multigravid, erken membran rüptürü nedeniyle sezaryen operasyonu yapılan 39 haftalık gebe idi. Sezaryen operasyonunun bitimine yakın solunum yetmezliği ve dolaşım kollapsı gelişmesi üzerine hasta yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi edildi. Yaklaşık 30 dakikalık kardiyopulmoner resusitasyon (KPR) ve ciddi komplikasyonlara rağmen hasta sekelsiz olarak hastaneden taburcu edildi.
The Latowu Ultramafic Rock-Hosted Iron Mineralization in the Southeastern Arm Sulawesi, Indonesia: Characteristics, Origin, and Implication for Beneficiation
Authors: Sufriadin - , Widodo Sri , Thamrin Meinarni , Ito Akane , Otake Tsubasa
Published: July 2021

Latowu ultramafic block in the Southeastern Arm Sulawesi locally hosts elevated concentrations of Fe in addition to Ni. We investigated both host rock and mineralized samples' mineralogy and chemistry to find out mineralogical and chemical characteristics and interpret the iron mineralization process with beneficiation implications. The mineralogical nature of the samples was analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) methods. The whole-rock and mineral chemistry analyses were performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques. The analysis showed that the ultramafic rocks had been undergone a strong to complete serpentinization degree where lizardite appears to be the predominant mineral. Magnetite in this research comprised the principal iron-bearing mineral and functioned as discrete fine-grains and subhedral to anhedral crystals. Magnetite occurs as fragments in breccia, alteration rim in spinel, fine-grained disseminations, and micro veins. This research found that the whole-rock chemistry of an ultramafic breccia showed an elevated concentration in Fe2O3 with a grade of 28.44 wt%. Electron probe analysis of magnetite shows a wide variation of Fe ranging from 31.10 wt% to 67.20 wt%. It is interpreted that the formation of magnetite within ultramafic rocks is influenced by the hydration of primary minerals, mainly olivine. Iron is most likely released from olivine or pyroxene crystals during serpentinization, and the higher water content of serpentine promotes its mobility. It is suggested that the magnetic separation method can be potentially used to increase the Fe grade.
Tech Tools for Anticipating Human Trafficking in Archipelago State
Authors: Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad , Deliarnoor Nandang Alamsyah , Suryaningsih -
Published: July 2021

The current mitigation efforts of human trafficking fail to combat cross-border trafficking in the sea.  On the other hand, most of the studies in human trafficking have not dealt with the context of transporting victims via seaport. This paper attempts to critically discuss the process and consequences of transporting victims of human trafficking via illegal seaport. Part of the objective is to propose compatible tech tools to anticipate potential victims. A qualitative approach was employed since investigating human trafficking in Riau Islands' seaports needs a robust research method. Thus, a case study is selected to focus on a single exit point phenomenon for sending migrant workers who have been identified as a group at high risk of human trafficking. Riau Islands, specifically Bintan Island and Batam Island, were selected as samples of case studies because these are critical locations for sending and repatriating victims. The current study found that an archipelago country like Indonesia deals with multifaceted challenges in combating human trafficking. Moreover, there is a significant shift in human trafficking crime from recruiting to executing due to the cyber world's invention. One unanticipated finding is that social networks and cybercrime have expanded the possibilities for supplying victims. This study contributes to research on human trafficking by introducing tech tools that may help overcome the problems.
Potential Availability of Indigenous Resources to Reduce Agriculture Environmental Problems in Klaten, Indonesia
Authors: Soebandiono Sigit , Muhibuddin Anton , Purwanto Edi , Purnomo Djoko
Published: July 2021

Inorganic fertilizer usage in high doses for rice cultivation in Indonesia has become a sustainable agriculture threat. Klaten has approximately more than 50% of the total areas were used for agricultural land. It needs a huge amount of agricultural input, especially fertilizer requirements. It is better to select a fertilizer that concerns soil conservation and is more environmentally friendly, i.e. organic fertilizer implementation, utilizing the materials to ensure its adequate availability. This research aims to identify the potential availability of organic fertilizer materials, which the farmers usually use in Klaten, and analyze how farmers' existing conditions can utilize the indigenous sources as organic fertilizer materials. This research used a descriptive method by using the data from field observation. The results showed that the potential availability of organic fertilizers in Klaten, such as Local Microorganism (MOL) of the banana hump, papaya fruit, and pineapple fruit, are 24,493.55 liters per year. They can cover about 979,742 ha paddy field area; Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the bamboo root is 210,290 liters per year, and it can cover about 8,412 ha paddy field area; and animal manure composted of cows, goats, sheep, buffaloes, horses, and chickens’ dung is 101,841.91 tons per year, and it can cover about 20,368 ha paddy field area. The majority of the farmers used indigenous organic fertilizer because of their benefit for low-cost production and the ease of getting it.
Improved Self-Adaptive ACS Algorithm to Determine the Optimal Number of Clusters
Authors: Jabbar Ayad Mohammed , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana , Sagban Rafid
Published: July 2021

A fundamental problem in data clustering is how to determine the correct number of clusters. The k-adaptive medoid set ant colony optimization (ACO) clustering (METACOC-K) algorithm is superior in solving clustering problems. However, METACOC-K does not guarantee in finding the best number of clusters. It assumed the number of clusters based on an adaptive parameter strategy that lacks feedback learning. This has restrained the algorithm in producing compact clusters and the optimal number of clusters. In this paper, a self-adaptive ACO clustering (S-ACOC) algorithm is proposed to produce the optimal number of clusters by incorporating a self-adaptive parameter strategy. The S-ACOC algorithm is a centroid-based algorithm that automatically adjusts the number of clusters during the algorithm run. The selection of the number of clusters is based on a construction graph that reflects the influence of a pheromone in algorithm learning. Experiments were conducted on real-world datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The external evaluation metrics (purity, F-measure, and entropy) were used to compare the results of the proposed algorithm with other swarm clustering algorithms, including a genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and METACOC-K. Results showed that S-ACOC provides higher purity (50%) and lower entropy (40%) than GA, PSO, and METACOC-K. Experiments were also performed on several predefined clusters, and results demonstrate that the S-ACOC algorithm is superior to GA, PSO, and METACOC-K. Based on the superior performance, S-ACOC can be used to solve clustering problems in various application domains.
Water Quality Analysis in Mantaro River, Peru, Before and After the Tailing’s Accident Using the Grey Clustering Method
Authors: Delgado Alexi , Gil Francisco , Chullunquía Juan , Valdivia Tom , Carbajal Chiara
Published: July 2021

Problems with environmental accidents are increasing worldwide, which generates great damage to the environment. In fact, in July 2019, a tailing spill occurred that flowed into the Mantaro River, contaminating it with thousands of liters of waste. This had environmental consequences and social ones since there were people for and against mining, which is the principal economic activity in the area. In this way, this study proposes to quantify the damage caused by the tailing spill using the grey clustering method, which is based on grey systems theory. For this purpose, two sampling points were chosen for data collection and evaluation both before and after the accident, which allowed to measure the impact of metal concentrations and other physical-chemical parameters caused by accident. The results obtained from the study revealed increases in the concentration levels of metals such as aluminum, arsenic, among others, in some cases very high that exceeded the maximum permitted limits. Such findings could help local and national government authorities, people living and transiting near the river, and activities related to the use of the water in this river; since the quality of the river water can be lethal if the necessary measures are not taken. In addition, the method used in this study showed to be very practical and efficient during its application. Finally, it is advised that future research investigate each point along the Mantaro River and show the areas where the disaster had the most impact to develop some mitigating techniques.
Loads of Pollution to Lake Toba and Their Impacts
Authors: Lukman - , Hidayat H. , Subehi Luki , Dina Rahmi , Mayasari Novi , Melati Irma , Sudriani Yuli
Published: July 2021

Lakes provide various ecosystem services that support biotic habitats and human life. In contrast, many lakes in the world are degraded due to pollutant supply from surrounding areas and human activities in the lake. Lake Toba, which is the largest lake in Indonesia, has indicated a polluted condition. However, the source and load of each pollutant are not yet known. A study has been conducted to determine nutrient and organic load levels entering the lake represented by Total Phosphorus (TP) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), respectively. Observations were carried out in November 2017 at 22 locations, i.e., at 12 inlet rivers debouching to the lake and 10 sites at the lake. The pollutant impact was assessed from water class criteria based on COD, waters trophic status based on TP, and vertical oxygen profile representing cage aquaculture (CA) and non-cage aquaculture (NCA) areas. Based on COD and government regulation number 82/2001, water quality at the lake inlets was class III and IV. In the lake area, water class in NCA was III, while in CA the water class tends to be III and IV. Estimated TP loading from the catchment area was 138 tonnes/yr, while that from cage aquaculture activity was 570.33 tonnes/yr. Pollutants have caused the worsening of water class, increasing water column anoxia in the hypolimnion layer and eutrophication in Lake Toba.
Morphometric Characteristics of Cipeles Watershed to Identify Flood Prone Area
Authors: Rendra Pradnya Paramarta Raditya , Sukiyah Emi
Published: July 2021

Cipeles watershed is located on Sumedang Regency, West Java Province.  This research aims to identify the flood-prone area in the Cipeles Watershed based on morphometric characteristics. This research was conducted through studio analysis using Map Info and Global Mapper software and mathematical calculations. The data used in this research are stream network and topography. Digital Elevation Model was used to analyze the slope of the research area. Morphometric aspects used in the mathematical calculations consist of Drainage density, Drainage texture, Ratio of circularity, Ratio of elongation, and Form factor. The research area is a hilly area with high relief and a very steep-slightly steep slope in the west and south, relatively gentle in the middle to the east of the research area. It consists of parallel, subparallel, subradial, rectangular, dendritic, and subdendritic drainage patterns. Cipeles watershed has 38 subwatersheds with predominantly very elongated-circular shape and very coarse-coarse texture. The research area has relatively high rainfall that potentially causes flooding, especially downstream of the Cpl_10, Cpl_11, Cpl_12, Cpl_13, Cpl_14, Cpl_15, Cpl_16, and Cpl_17 subwatersheds. The research area is classified into low and moderate risk levels of flood potential. The low-risk level is located in Tanjungsari and Rancakalong district. The moderate risk level is located in North Sumedang, South Sumedang, Situraja, and Cimalaka district. The results showed that quantitative research could be used to identify flood prone area. It is recommended that the Cipeles Watershed can be well maintained through integrated watershed management and land use management.
Ukrainian MOOC: Quantitative and Thematic Analysis of Online Courses
Authors: Sharov Sergii , Zemlianskyi Anatolii , Sharova Tetiana , Viktor Hapotii
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the quantitative analysis of the courses hosted on Ukrainian mass open online courses (MOOC) platforms. It has been found that MOOC, being an effective mechanism of lifelong learning, provides the development of general and professional competencies; it supports principles of openness and accessibility. We have analyzed the online courses located on such well-known Ukrainian online platforms as Prometheus, EdEra, and the Open University of Maidan. It has been found that Ukrainian online platforms started to provide their services not so long ago; they have been working since 2014. Most of the online courses (55.3% of their total number) can be found on the Prometheus platform. We have also analyzed the dynamics of online course development over the years on each Ukrainian online platform. The average number of advanced online courses on each platform and on all the platforms, in general, has been revealed. The years 2017 and 2019 turned out to be the most productive in the development of courses. The analysis of thematic areas of the developed online courses has been carried out; the identical sections available on each considered platform have been revealed. The largest number of courses is presented among such sections as Education/EIE (External Independent Evaluation) and Law, proving their relevance among users. The largest number of thematic areas is presented on the Prometheus platform. It has been found that Ukrainian MOOCs have a significant difference in the number of courses compared to a number of well-known foreign online platforms.
Geochemical of Karst Water in the Western part of Gunungkidul District Area
Authors: R.A T. Listyani , Isnawan Dianto
Published: July 2021

The geological condition of the study area is included in the karst of the Panggang hydrogeological subsystem. This karst area is characterized by the presence of surface water and groundwater, which is distinctive, where the water is interesting to be studied, especially on its hydrochemistry. By knowing hydrochemistry, this research wants to know about the relationship between surface water and groundwater. The method was a hydrogeological survey and accompanied by hydrochemical testing of dolines (surface) water and groundwater. The data have been analyzed by some hydrochemical diagrams such as Schoeller, Piper, Durov, and Collins diagrams. Springs emerge from reef limestone aquifers (Gunungsewu aquifers) in several places, supported by grains, fractures, and channels porosities. Both groundwater and surface water are colorless (46 - 350 TCU) and clear (3 - 19 NTU) with a pH of 6.8 - 8.1 and TDS 76 - 308 ppm. Groundwater shows the Ca - bicarbonate and Ca, Mg - bicarbonate types, whereas dolines (surface) water has Ca, Mg - bicarbonate types. Groundwater and surface water show relatively similar hydrochemical facies. Enrichment of hydrochemical groundwater is greater in springs than in dolines. The doline water may not correlate with each other, and it means that the groundwater flows to dolines maybe not be interconnected. Thus, water in the karst area may flow in all directions, depending on the porosity of the controlling channels. Water in the study area is young, indicated by the Ca2+ and  HCO3- dominant ions, supported by ion exchange and simple dissolution processes.
SAÚDE PÚBLICA EM TEMPOS DE GUERRA: HOSPITAIS DO SESP E A SÃ POLÍTICA DE BOA VIZINHANÇA NAS CIDADE PARAENSES DE BREVES E SANTARÉM (1942-1945)
Authors: Costa Edivando da Silva
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as políticas públicas direcionadas para as cidades paraenses de Breves e Santarém, durante o desenrolar da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Criado em 1942, o SESP – Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública -, agência de iniciativa brasileira e norte-americana, iniciou um vasto programa de saúde e saneamento na região amazônica, com a instalação de estruturas médico-hospitalares apresentadas como novos modelos de atenção à saúde da população local. Analisaram-se, principalmente, como fontes documentais, jornais em circulação pelo país, relatórios e boletins produzidos pelo Serviço. Essas fontes revelam o esforço em representar uma região carente de estrutura médico-hospitalar e imersa à sua própria sorte, cuja redenção viria com as ações do SESP. Refletir de forma crítica sobre essas questões nos permitiu investigar compreensões sobre o Pará daquele contexto, os diferentes interesses políticos em jogo e a celebração da política de boa vizinhança entre Brasil e Estados Unidos.
Alimentação escolar no contexto da pandemia COVID – 19 nas Instituições Federais de Ensino da Região Metropolitana de Belém/Pará
Authors: Portal Riziane Duarte , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Do Canto Otávio
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) durante a pandemia nas Instituições Federais de Ensino (IFEs) localizadas na Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB). Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa de natureza teórico-empírica que combina elementos da pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, envolvendo em seus procedimentos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e entrevista in loco com as comissões de compras do PNAE dessas instituições. Verificou-se que normativas foram criadas para a execução do PNAE durante períodos de calamidade pública permitindo adotar ações de caráter emergencial. As IFEs da RMB enfrentaram dificuldades e utilizaram estratégias próprias como manutenção de auxílio em renda, distribuição de alimentos e campanha para arrecadação de cestas básicas, optando por não distribuir gêneros da agricultura familiar. A pandemia ressaltou a importância do PNAE para promoção da Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), no entanto as estratégias utilizadas pelas instituições estudadas não alcançaram os desafios para execução do PNAE em tempos de calamidade pública.Palavras chavesPrograma Nacional de Alimentação Escolar; Pandemia; Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Trajetória nacional da aquisição de alimentos produzidos por agricultores familiares para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Baraldi Larissa Galastri , Bicalho Daniela , Villar Betzabeth Slater
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o alcance e a trajetória brasileira (2010 a 2016), bem como os fatores de influência, da meta de aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) impressa pela Lei N°11.947/2009. Utilizaram-se dados públicos municipais para avaliar a participação (%) dos recursos gastos com alimentos de agricultores familiares, por cálculo de médias e modelos lineares generalizados. Aplicaram-se nacionalmente em média 21,8% dos recursos do PNAE com alimentos da agricultura familiar, havendo aumento destas compras em todas as regiões, no período. Regiões com maiores financiamentos governamentais para agricultura familiar obtiveram maiores compras para o PNAE. A região sul foi a única que conseguiu alcançar a meta imposta pela Lei. Conclui-se que o aumento na compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar ocorreu em âmbito nacional e regional, mesmo com a maior parte dos municípios não atingindo os 30% desejáveis. Palavras-chaveAgricultura, Política Pública, Alimentação escolar.
Spontaneous Representations of Disability and Attitudes toward Inclusive Educational Practices: a Mixed Approach
Authors: Maftei Alexandra , Gherguț Alois
Published: July 2021

The present study's primary aims were a) to explore non-disabled adults' spontaneous representation of disability and the specific associations related to adults and children with disabilities; to investigate participants' general perception of specific inclusive educational practices and the potential impact of contact with disabled individuals on children. We used a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach in a sample of 628 participants aged 18 to 82 (M=28.59, SD=11.50). Our results suggested that most explicit representations of disability were negatively valenced, i.e., people generally used pessimistic and detrimental related words. Psychomotor deficiencies comprised the most frequent disability category associated with disabled adults, while autism was the most frequent disability related to disabled children. Participants considered that the inclusion of physically disabled children (compared to children with intellectual disabilities) in public schools has a more positive effect on non-disabled children. The previous contact with a friend or a family member with a disability significantly and positively impacted the general attitude toward disability and inclusive educational practices. Results are discussed regarding their practical implications for the educational system and specific strategies related to inclusive public policies.