bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies of the hydrophobic interaction between a pyrene-containing dye and a tetra-aza macrocyclic gadolinium complex
Authors: Di Gregorio Enza , Boccalon Mariangela , Furlan Chiara , Gianolio Eliana , Bényei Attila , Aime Silvio , Baranyai Zsolt , Ferrauto Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

An in vivo and an in vitro investigation of the hydrophobic interaction between HPTS and the gadolinium(iii)-complex of tetra-aza macrocyclic ligand HP-DO3A (Gd(HP-DO3A)) are reported.
The novel dual-category active sites of NiCoP/CoP as high-performance electrocatalyst for urea electrolysis and synergistic hydrogen production
Authors: Lu Borong , Wang Dong , Zhao Chunlin , Zhu Kai , Yan Jun , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Ye Ke
Published: May 2022

The novel 3D “Fistular onion flower” CNCP-350 benefits from the abundance of dual-category activity sites, demonstrating an excellent efficient catalytic performance in UOR and HER.
Spiro-configured dibenzosuberene compounds as deep-blue emitters for organic light-emitting diodes with a CIEy of 0.04
Authors: Brouillac Clément , Shen Wan-Shan , Rault-Berthelot Joëlle , Jeannin Olivier , Quinton Cassandre , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Poriel Cyril
Published: May 2022

Deep blue electroluminescence is highly required for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology. We report, in this work, blue emitting fluorophores for OLED with  low CIEy.
The indole nucleus as a selective COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent (2011–2022)
Authors: Nisha  , Singh Snigdha , Sharma Neera , Chandra Ramesh
Published: May 2022

Anti-inflammatory bioactivity of diversely substituted indole derivatives, mainly N-1 and C-3 substituted indoles.
Trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzenes for recognition of guanidinium and their anti-cancer and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Lai Zhenzhen , Bai Silei , Li Aimin , Feng Xinxin , He Qing
Published: May 2022

We report the facile synthesis of two trimacrocyclic hexasubstituted benzenes for selective guanidinium recognition and extraction, along with their anti-cancer and antimicrobial activities.
Construction and evaluation of detachable bone-targeting MOF carriers for the delivery of proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Yang Hongbing , Yu Zhenyan , Ji Shuaishuai , Yan Jie , Han Lei , Liu Yang , Wang Yanjuan , Niu Yimin , Huo Qiang , Xu Ming
Published: May 2022

Tumor bone metastasis is an important cause of tumor recurrence and death.
Rice husk-derived nano-SiO2assembled on reduced graphene oxide distributed on conductive flexible polyaniline frameworks towards high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ratsameetammajak Natthakan , Autthawong Thanapat , Chairuangsri Torranin , Kurata Hiroki , Yu Ai-shui , Sarakonsri Thapanee
Published: May 2022

By combining rice husk-derived nano-silica and reduced graphene oxide and then polymerizing PANI byin situpolymerization, we created polyaniline-coated rice husk-derived nano-silica@reduced graphene oxide composites with excellent electrochemical performance.
The influence of electron utilization pathways on photosystem I photochemistry in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Smolinski Sharon L. , Lubner Carolyn E. , Guo Zhanjun , Artz Jacob H. , Brown Katherine A. , Mulder David W. , King Paul W.
Published: May 2022

Alteration of electron utilization pathways affects PSI reaction center structure and photochemical properties.
Redox behavior of potassium doped and transition metal co-doped Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 for thermochemical H2O/CO2 splitting
Authors: Portarapillo Maria , Landi Gianluca , Luciani Giuseppina , Imparato Claudio , Vitiello Giuseppe , Deorsola Fabio A. , Aronne Antonio , Di Benedetto Almerinda
Published: May 2022

Potassium doped and co-doped ceria–zirconia show improved CO2/H2O splitting activity. This holds huge promise for the design of high performance systems for solar thermochemical splitting cycles allowing the production of solar fuels.
Tetraphenylethene derivative that discriminates parallel G-quadruplexes
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Wei , Zhong Ming-Qing , Jia Meng-Hao , Jiang Fei , Zhang Yan , Xiao Chao-Da , Xiao Xin , Shen Xiang-Chun
Published: May 2022

A tetraphenylethene derivative: 1,1′,1′′,1′′′-(((ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayltetrakis(benzene-4,1-diyl)) tetrakis(oxy)) tetrakis(butane-4,1-diyl)) tetrakis(4-(dimethylamino) pyridin-1-ium) bromide (TPE-B) has been designed as a fluorescent light-up probe with high selectivity for parallel G-quadruplexes
New strategy for clinical etiologic diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and blood biomarker discovery based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yuan Ting , Wei Sixi , Feng Zhanhui , Li Boyan , Huang Hai
Published: May 2022

A rapid and safe strategy was proposed for clinical etiologic diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke at the early stage using clinical hematology traits and machine learning. Blood biomarkers were effectively identified.
DIPEA-induced activation of OH− for the synthesis of amides via photocatalysis
Authors: Wu Mei , Huang Sheng , Hou Huiqing , Lin Jie , Lin Mei , Zhou Sunying , Zheng Zhiqiang , Sun Weiming , Ke Fang
Published: May 2022

Under weak organic base condition DIPEA as a reductant to increase the nucleophilicity of H2O an excellent potential system for nitrile degradation.
Linear unit BN2: a novel birefringence-enhanced fundamental module with sp orbital hybridization
Authors: Chen Jianbang , Wu Mengfan , Zhang Jie , Huang Xuchu
Published: May 2022

The linear unit BN2 is discovered as a novel birefringence-enhanced fundamental module. Particularly, Ca3(BN2)N exhibits a large birefringence (0.411 at 1064 nm), which is about 2.0–3.5 times of the commercial used birefringent crystals, such as α-BaB2O4, CaCO3 and YVO4.
Correction: Synthesis and characterizations of YZ-BDC:Eu3+,Tb3+ nanothermometers for luminescence-based temperature sensing
Authors: Kieu Giang Lam Thi , Trejgis Karolina , Marciniak Łukasz , Opalińska Agnieszka , Koltsov Iwona E. , Łojkowski Witold
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterizations of YZ-BDC:Eu3+,Tb3+ nanothermometers for luminescence-based temperature sensing’ by Lam Thi Kieu Giang et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 13065–13073, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA01759H.
Room-temperature conversion of CO2 into quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione using deep eutectic solvents at atmospheric pressure with high efficiency
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Chong , Duan Yaoting , Yu Dongkun , Liu Zhenghui , Li Yuting , Shi Ruifen , Guo Yuting , Mu Tiancheng
Published: May 2022

Deep eutectic solvents are found to catalyze CO2 conversion to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with nearly 100% yields for the first time.
Homogeneous catalyst modifier for alkyne semi-hydrogenation: systematic screening in an automated flow reactor and computational study on mechanisms
Authors: Asano Shusaku , Adams Samuel J. , Tsuji Yuta , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Tahara Atsushi , Hayashi Jun-ichiro , Cherkasov Nikolay
Published: May 2022

21 types of modifiers are screened for palladium catalysed semi-hydrogenation of alkynes with varying catalyst type, reaction time, and target substrate using an automated flow reactor system.
Photosubstitution in a trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex inhibits conjunctival melanoma growth in a zebrafish orthotopic xenograft model
Authors: Chen Quanchi , Cuello-Garibo Jordi-Amat , Bretin Ludovic , Zhang Liyan , Ramu Vadde , Aydar Yasmin , Batsiun Yevhen , Bronkhorst Sharon , Husiev Yurii , Beztsinna Nataliia , Chen Lanpeng , Zhou Xue-Quan , Schmidt Claudia , Ott Ingo , Jager Martine J. , Brouwer Albert M. , Snaar-Jagalska B. Ewa , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: May 2022

A new tris-heteroleptic photoactivated chemotherapy ruthenium complex induces apoptosis upon green light activation in a zebrafish orthothopic conjunctival melanoma xenograft model.
Photoinduced elimination of senescent microglia cellsin vivoby chiral gold nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Zhuojia , Qu Aihua , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Weiwei , Hao Changlong , Lu Meiru , Shi Baimei , Xu Liguang , Sun Maozhong , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: May 2022

The apoptosis pathways of senescent microglia cells induced by chiral NPs under the irradiation of 808 nm laser in the brain of PD mice.
A rechargeable molecular solar thermal system below 0 °C
Authors: Shangguan Zhichun , Sun Wenjin , Zhang Zhao-Yang , Fang Dong , Wang Zhihang , Wu Si , Deng Chao , Huang Xianhui , He Yixin , Wang Ruzhu , Li Tingxian , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Li Tao
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate rationally designed arylazopyrazoles as MOST-PCM that can be circularly charged and discharged below 0 °C with visible light.
Metabolomics studies of cell–cell interactions using single cell mass spectrometry combined with fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Chen Xingxiu , Peng Zongkai , Yang Zhibo
Published: May 2022

We combined single cell mass spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques to study metabolites affected by interactions between different types of cells under ambient conditions.
Hydrotreating of bio-crude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of biopulp: effects of aqueous phase recirculation on the hydrotreated oil
Authors: Kohansal Komeil , Sharma Kamaldeep , Haider Muhammad Salman , Toor Saqib Sohail , Castello Daniele , Rosendahl Lasse Aistrup , Zimmermann Joscha , Pedersen Thomas Helmer
Published: May 2022

Aqueous phase recirculation increased the bio-crude yield and energy recovery along with promoting the production of N-heterocyclic compounds that lead to harsher required hydrotreating conditions.
Well-controlled Pt–CeO2–nitrogen doped carbon triple-junction catalysts with enhanced activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lu Qizi , Wang Zhili , Tang Yuanting , Huang Chaojun , Zhang Aimin , Liu Feng , Liu Xiao , Shan Bin , Chen Rong
Published: May 2022

Reducing the usage of Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
A vasculatural hydrogel combined with Prussian blue for solar-driven vapor generation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Yan , Zheng Jia , Yu Xiao , Chen Wansong , Li Jianghua , Liu You-Nian
Published: May 2022

A vasculatural PVA hydrogel-based SVG is designed. The SVG possesses high water transport and light-trapping properties, due to the formation of vertical channels of the bionic vasculatural hydrogel.
Rational design of integrated electrodes for advancing high-rate alkaline electrolytic hydrogen production
Authors: Dong Zi-Hao , Jiang Zhe , Tang Tang , Yao Ze-Cheng , Xue Dongping , Niu Shuai , Zhang Jianan , Hu Jin-Song
Published: May 2022

The rational design of integrated electrodes and the strategies for improving their performances are reviewed to advance high-rate alkaline water electrolysis. Such electrodes could be extended for other emerging electrocatalytic hydrogen production systems.
Development of an activatable hydrogen sulfide-specific two-photon fluorescent probe for bioimaging in an air pouch inflammation model
Authors: Ding Donghao , Li Jiangfeng , Xu Lizhen , Wang Jiangyan , Tan Dan , Lin Weiying
Published: May 2022

(1) An activatable two-photon H2S fluorescent probe. (2) The first fluorescent probe to monitor H2S levels in air pouch inflammation. (3) Penetration depths up to 126 μm. (4) The fluorescence imaging of H2S in cells, tissue and in mice.
Surface modification with a fluorinated N-heterocyclic carbene on Au: effect on contact resistance in organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Das Mowpriya , Gutheil Christian , Osthues Helena , Strieth-Kalthoff Felix , Timmer Alexander , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Wang Wenchong , Chi Lifeng , Glorius Frank
Published: May 2022

A fluorinated N-heterocyclic carbene is chemically bonded to Au and employed as a surface modifier to improve contact between electrodes and semiconductors in organic field-effect transistors, showing a significant improvement in device performance.
Compact expression of dyadic Green's function for homogeneous dielectric half‐space and its efficient double integral representation
Authors: Koh Il‐Suek
Published: May 2022

The dyadic Green's function can be represented via spatial derivatives of two Sommerfeld integrals when an infinitesimal electric dipole and an observation point are located above an infinite planar dielectric interface. The two dielectric spaces are assumed to be homogeneous. Recently, new representations have been proposed for two Sommerfeld integrals and their complete uniform asymptotic expansions. The new formulation for the dyadic Green's function contains fourth‐order spatial derivatives, so its explicit expression is lengthy and not compact. Thus, a compact form of the dyadic Green's function was formulated by converting the fourth‐order spatial derivatives into second‐order ones. Based on the new representation, a numerically efficient double integral expression of Green's function was obtained and numerically verified. In addition, five components among nine total electric field components were analytically evaluated in terms of the incomplete Hankel function when the source and observation point both are on the interface.
Optimal pricing and offering reward decisions in a competitive closed-loop dual-channel supply chain with recycling and remanufacturing
Authors: Pal Brojeswar
Published: May 2022

Recycling of materials has two significant perspectives: it may reduce the waste, and also, it can save raw materials. This study deals with the returned-obsolete products and the fresh items in a closed-loop dual-channel supply chain, where the manufacturer operates the whole production department and sells a percentage of products directly through his online channel, and delivers the rest of them to the retailer at a wholesale price. Additionally, the retailer collects unused items from customers with an appropriate reward to determine whether the customers intend to return the items. Both players screen the condition of the collected materials and then transfer the qualified materials for further use. Our paper formulates a mathematical model to evaluate scenarios such as scenarios manufacturer Stackelberg, Retailer Stackelberg, vertical Nash under the decentralized system, and a centralized system. The study is primarily concerned with finding optimal pricing plans and rewarding the customer analytically under various scenarios. Numerical explorations signify that the manufacturer Stackelberg’s scenario is more economical than the retailer Stackelberg and vertical Nash frameworks. The findings illustrate that the higher acceptance ratios of the returned materials benefit all the members and increase the keenness to return. Also, it is important for members to control the price-sensitive parameters within the demand function in order to save their markets. Further, the study suggests that an increase in production cost forces us to collect more returned materials, regardless of whether the increased remanufacturing cost suppresses that collection.
Akupunktur zur Schmerztherapie nach Kaiserschnitt
Authors: Heße Thomas , Usichenko Taras
Published: May 2022

Die postoperative Schmerztherapie nach einem Kaiserschnitt (Sectio caesarea) ist
oftmals unzureichend. Objektive Beschränkungen und subjektive Bedenken
hinsichtlich des Analgetika-Einsatzes im Wochenbett führen
häufig zu inakzeptablen Schmerzstärken nach diesem Eingriff. Die
Akupunktur bietet sich in diesem Zusammenhang als komplementäres
Verfahren zur Ergänzung der herkömmlichen Schmerztherapie an. Es
wird eine praxisnahe Methode beschrieben, die Akupunktur im geburtshilflichen
Alltag erfolgversprechend einzusetzen.
TCM bei unerfülltem Kinderwunsch
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: May 2022

Für Paare können ein unerfüllter Kinderwunsch bzw. eine
ungewollte Kinderlosigkeit trotz regelmäßiger Kohabitation ohne
kontrazeptiven Schutz zu einer das Leben überschattenden Krise
führen, da die Lebensplanung und persönliche Lebensperspektiven
plötzlich nicht mehr realisierbar erscheinen. Grundsätzlich ist
der Einsatz reproduktionsmedizinischer Therapien möglich, birgt aber
weitgreifende psychische und physische Belastungen. In solchen Situationen mit
steigendem Erwartungsdruck können sich Depressionen und
Versagensängste bilden, die oftmals durch das persönliche Umfeld
meist noch aggraviert werden. Letztlich beeinträchtigt diese
Konstellation im soziokulturellen Kontext die Paarbeziehung, was eine weitere
Minderung der Reproduktivität nach sich zieht. Die TCM kann den
vegetativen sowie neurohumoralen Funktionsstatus beeinflussen und stellt daher
eine attraktive Ergänzung zur Schulmedizin dar. Die nachstehende
Fallvorstellung zeigt die Interventionsmöglichkeit mittels Akupunktur
bei unerfülltem Kinderwunsch.
Dietary Supplementation Before, During and After Pregnancy: Results of the Cluster-Randomized GeliS Study
Authors: Geyer Kristina , Günther Julia , Hoffmann Julia , Spies Monika , Raab Roxana , Zhelyazkova Ana , Rose Inga , Hauner Hans
Published: May 2022

Introduction The nutritional status of women before, during, and after pregnancy plays an important role in the health of mother and child. In addition to a balanced mixed diet, the
increased need for folic acid and iodine should be met and ensured with supplements. The aim of this study was to assess dietary supplementation in the context of pregnancy and to
investigate the effect of targeted counselling on supplementation behavior during and after pregnancy.

Methods In the context of the “Gesund leben in der Schwangerschaft” (GeliS; “Healthy living in pregnancy”) trial, women in the intervention group (IG) received four structured
lifestyle counselling sessions during pregnancy as well as postpartum, during which they were informed about appropriate dietary supplementation. The women in the control group (CG) received
routine prenatal care. The intake of dietary supplements was recorded at different points using a questionnaire.

Results In total, 2099 women were included in the analysis. Prior to conception, 31.3% of the women in the IG and 31.4% of the women in the CG took folic acid supplements.
Prenatally, about half of the women took folic acid (IG: 54.1%; CG: 52.0%) and iodine (IG: 50.2%; CG: 48.2%). Statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to
supplementation behavior could not be observed, neither prior to inclusion in the study nor during the intervention. During pregnancy, 23.0% of all women took docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
supplements and 21.8% iron supplements. 49.4% of the women additionally took vitamin D supplements. A higher educational level (p < 0.001), advanced age (p < 0.001), primiparity
(p < 0.001), and a vegetarian diet (p = 0.037) were all associated with a higher level of dietary supplementation.

Conclusion The GeliS lifestyle counselling did not significantly improve the supplementation behavior of women during and after pregnancy. Women should be informed about adequate
dietary supplementation early on within the scope of gynecological prenatal care.
The Impact of Transducer Selection on the Acceptable Noise Level
Authors: Gordon-Hickey Susan , Bryan Melinda F. , Davis Shelby
Published: May 2022

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the impact of transducer (loudspeaker, supra-aural headphones, and insert earphones) selection on the acceptable noise level (ANL). Study Sample Thirty young adults with normal hearing who reported
difficulty with background noise served as participants. Research Design A repeated-measures experimental design was employed. Data Collection and Analysis Most comfortable listening level (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) were measured for all participants
using three transducers (loudspeaker, supra-aural headphones, and insert earphones). ANL was computed as the difference between the mean MCL and the mean BNL. Results Analytical statistics revealed that ANL did not differ due to the transducer used. However, there were statistically
significant differences found for MCL and BNL across transducers. Conclusions Results of this study indicate that ANL is not vulnerable to the selection of transducer and that ANLs can be compared across transducer types. Researchers should cautiously interpret findings across
studies when discussing the base measures of MCL and BNL as these may be influenced slightly by transducer selection.
Fistula in Ano—A 2-Year Prevalence Study on North Indian Rural Population
Authors: Kapur Neeru , Kapur Rajiv , Varma Meghna , Batra Chakshu , Sharma Bharat Bhushan
Published: May 2022

Perianal fistula (PF) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the perianal region including the sphincter muscles, ischioanal fossae, and the perianal skin. It is notorious to recur and, as a result, causes significant morbidity in both urban and rural population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized imaging in PFs as it provides excellent anatomical visualization of the fistulous tracts, their origin, course, number, chronicity, opening in the external and internal anal sphincter, length of sphincter, evidence of active disease and abscess formation along the tract. It is also very useful in presurgical mapping and reduce the chances of recurrence. Most of the studies done on PFs are based on the urban population. Rural population have a completely different lifestyle which makes them susceptible to various diseases, less prevalent in the urban population. Hence, the purpose of this article is to find the prevalence of different grades in North Indian rural region close to the NCR (National Capital Region). In the study including 98 patients, the maximum number of patients were classified into grade 1 and grade 4 by MRI according to St. James' University Hospital MRI classification. This is the second reported study on prevalence of different grades of PFs in rural population in India. The higher prevalence of grade 4 PFs in our study might be secondary to illiteracy, social stigma, poor hygiene, or higher recurrence rate. Closely understanding the difference in dynamics of urban and rural population, our goal of the study is to determine the prevalence of different grades of PFs in the rural population. We also aim to familiarize physicians, radiologists, and surgeons with the MRI evaluation and grading of PF to help in presurgical mapping and thus, reducing the chances of recurrence. We also recommend further studies to evaluate psycho-social factors as a barrier in seeking early medical care in rural population.
Effect of Whole-body [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Suspected Brain Metastasis
Authors: Ora Manish , Soni Neetu , Nazar Aftab Hasan , Mehrotra Anant , Mishra Prabhakar , Gambhir Sanjay
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has a promising role in the workup and management of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). We have evaluated the effect of whole-body FDG PET/CT in assessing the patients presented with suspected brain metastasis (CUP-BM) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods This retrospective study included FDG PET/CT of 50 patients (24 males, mean: 58 ± 12.2 years old) with a CUP-BM diagnosis based on MRI and CT imaging. The final diagnosis of primary brain neoplasm (BP) or brain metastases (BM) was based on FDG PET/CT findings and/or histopathology (HPE).

Results On FDG PET/CT, 52% (26/50) of patients did not have any systemic lesion apart from a brain lesion. Out of these, 50% (13/26) had HPE confirmation of primary brain neoplasm (BP). FDG PET/CT identified multiple systemic lesions apart from brain lesions in the remaining 48% (24/50) of patients. They were categorized as the brain metastases (BM) group. The primary lesions were located in the lungs (n = 20), kidneys (n = 1), prostate (n = 1), esophagus (n = 1), and tongue (n = 1).

Conclusion FDG PET/CT could suggest a diagnosis of BM based on the presence of systemic lesions. It also provides an easily accessible peripheral site for biopsy and systemic disease burden in a single scan. FDG PET/CT's up-front use in suspected CUP-BM on CT and/or MRI could differentiate the BM from BP in most cases and avoid brain biopsy in the BM group.
Pediatric Portal Hypertension: Etiology and Management
Authors: Shah Jay H. , Krndzija Harun , Hawkins C. Matthew
Published: May 2022

Portal hypertension is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in children. With a paucity of data and no standardized algorithm for treatment, a comprehensive understanding of this disease process is necessary for pediatric interventional radiologists, hepatologists, and surgeons who collaborate to care for these patients. While associations can be drawn to adult disease, the specifics of pediatric portal hypertension necessitate a separate, multidisciplinary approach. This review provides a summary and update on the evaluation, management, and treatment of pediatric portal hypertension.
Advances in Management of Pancreatitis Related Portal Hypertension
Authors: Patel Ujas , Mingbunjerdsuk Thammasak , Gabr Ahmed M. , Mizrahi Meir , Salama Fady , Gabr Moamen
Published: May 2022

Extrahepatic portal hypertension (EPH) is hypertension that occurs in the extrahepatic portal vasculature in the absence of liver cirrhosis. Portal hypertension (PHTN) is defined as a pressure gradient between the portal vein and hepatic vein/inferior vena cava (IVC) exceeding more than 5 mm Hg. PHTN is more commonly known as a manifestation of cirrhosis and the related elevation in hepatic to venous pressure gradient (HVPG); however, there are other extrahepatic etiologies to PHTN that are important for review. Per our literary review, EPH as a complication of pancreatitis has been known as a manifestation since at least the 1970s. Among the severities of pancreatitis, it occurs most commonly with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. In this review, we plan to provide an understanding of mechanisms by which EPH occurs, discuss the treatments (e.g., anticoagulation, splenic artery embolization, and splenectomy) for the complications that result from prolonged EPH, and discuss the current endoscopic interventions available to counteract these complications.
Attitudes of national decision-makers towards differentiated integration in the European Union
Authors: Telle Stefan , Badulescu Claudia , Fernandes Daniel
Published: May 2022

Differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU) has mainly been understood as variation in participation in common policies. But DI also has implications for the nature and functioning of the EU as a polity. While temporary DI may facilitate deeper integration, permanent DI is liable to increase transaction costs and fragmentation. However, little is known about how such alternatives are assessed by decision-makers in the member states. This article uses novel quantitative and qualitative data to shed light on this question. It looks at the explanatory role of various types of opt-outs and at member states’ dependence, capacity, and identity. We find that temporary and permanent differentiation are assessed differently in the member states but neither alternative is clearly preferred. Long-term involuntary opt-outs are related to negative assessments of both forms of DI. Surprisingly, voluntary opt-outs do not seem to lead to more positive assessments of DI. We also find that the temporary DI is preferred in smaller member states, while support for permanent DI is higher in larger member states. Finally, we find differences in the effects of dependency, capacity, and identity between older and newer member states.
Single charge transport in a fully superconducting SQUISET locally tuned by self-inductance effects
Authors: Enrico E. , Croin L. , Strambini E. , Giazotto F.
Published: May 2022

We present a single-electron device for the manipulation of charge states via quantum interference in nanostructured electrodes. Via self-inductance effects, we induce two independent magnetic fluxes in the electrodes and we demonstrate sensitivity to single charge states and magnetic field at variable temperature. Moreover, our approach allows us to demonstrate local and independent control of the single-particle conductance between nano-engineered tunnel junctions in a fully superconducting quantum interference single-electron transistor, thereby increasing the flexibility of our single-electron transistors. Our devices show a robust modulation of the current-to-flux transfer function via control currents while exploiting the single-electron filling of a mesoscopic superconducting island. Further applications of the device concept to single charge manipulation and magnetic-flux sensing are also discussed.
Biogas fixed-bed upgrading through catalytic shift–methanation: A numerical investigation and experimental validation
Authors: Dong Xinxin , Pan Xiang , Luo Jianwei , Huang Yaji , Jin Baosheng
Published: May 2022

The numerical investigation of simultaneous methanation and water gas shift reactions (shift–methanation) for biogas upgrading in a fixed-bed reactor is conducted in this work. The catalyst bed was represented as a porous media model, and the reaction kinetics were coupled with heat and mass transfer in the whole simulation process in order to visualize the composition change and temperature profile in the reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, H2/CO ratio of feed gas, and initial CH4 content on the process was separately investigated. It was found that the biogas upgrading with highest CO conversion and CH4 mole fraction could be realized under a reaction temperature of 630 K. Larger H2/CO and initial CH4 content was beneficial to the biogas upgrading process but, in the meantime, lead to a higher temperature rise in the catalyst bed zone. The mass fraction of each component showed uniformity in the radial direction but presented an axial gradient due to the isotropy of porous media, while the temperature profile displayed both radial and axial gradients, which were caused by the temperature difference between the catalyst bed and the reactor wall. The results of experimental validation were in good accordance with the expected ones via numerical simulation.
Hybrid integrated external cavity laser with a 172-nm tuning range
Authors: Guo Yuyao , Li Xinhang , Jin Minhui , Lu Liangjun , Xie Jingya , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: May 2022

Chip-scale lasers with a wide tunable range and a narrow linewidth have rich applications in optical communications, sensing, and light detection and ranging systems. External cavity lasers (ECLs) have the advantage of a wide tuning range and a narrow linewidth compared with their counterparts such as distributed feedback lasers and distributed Bragg reflector lasers because the passive filter separated from the gain section can be widely tuned and the low-loss external cavity extends the photon lifetime. However, so far, the tuning range achieved by the chip-scale ECLs is in the range of 80–120 nm, smaller than that of the bulk free-space ECL (typically >160 nm). The bottleneck in reaching an ultrabroad tuning range for chip-scale ECLs lies in the unsuppressed side modes of the external cavity. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid-integrated ECL consisting of a broadband III–V reflective semiconductor optical amplifier and a low-loss Si3N4 wavelength-selective reflector. A record 172-nm lasing wavelength tuning range together with a more than 40 dB side-mode suppression ratio is achieved beyond the free spectral range of the Vernier ring filter due to the enhanced lasing mode selection from a tunable Sagnac loop reflector. The Si3N4 platform enables a low-loss external cavity, facilitating laser linewidth reduction below 4 kHz over the full tuning range. The on-chip output power reaches 26.7 mW at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase flow in microchannels
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Shusheng , Hu Jing
Published: May 2022

A set of experimental platforms with widths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm was established to explore the mechanism of flow boiling bubble dynamics in microchannels, focusing on heat transfer characteristics, pressure loss, and two-phase flow pattern identification. Bubble flow, restricted bubble flow, and dry area were observed in all four channels. The appearance of flow pattern was related to flow rate and channel width. Under the condition of the same channel width, the initial heat flux of subcooled boiling gradually increased with increase in flow rate, and this change trend was close to the linear trend. Under the same flow rate, the initial heat flux of subcooled boiling increased with decrease in channel width. This condition was due to the faster flow rate of the working medium in the narrow channel, resulting in decrease of heating time. The increase in bubble generation frequency directly led to the increase in the wall heat transfer coefficient and the decrease in the bubble separation diameter. Mathematical analysis showed that under the condition of small flow, reduction of channel size led to reduction of the total wall heat transfer coefficient. In this condition, reduction of channel size cannot enhance heat transfer. With increasing volume flow rate, the range of hydrodynamic control area increased and the index decreased. When the flow rate was large, the total heat transfer coefficient increased greatly with the decrease in channel size. The theoretical values were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Using magnification lenses on camera traps to improve small mammal identification
Authors: Meek P. D. , Cook C. R.
Published: May 2022

Detection of small mammals and reptiles using camera traps can be imperfect, and for some species it is almost impossible to confirm species identification using monochrome images because the animals are not sharply focused or distinguishing features cannot be deciphered. We have proof-of-concept evidence that generic reading glass lenses can be used to reduce the focal distance between camera trap and target animal. Adding these lenses to the existing intact camera trap improves image quality and better highlights distinguishing features necessary for accurate species identification and close-up observations.
Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory curricula in Australian universities: investigating the major topics and approaches to learning
Authors: Bissember Alex C. , Connell Timothy U. , Fuller Rebecca O. , Pullen Reyne , Yeung Alexandra
Published: May 2022

The teaching laboratory remains an important environment for developing undergraduate chemists, but the inherent diversity of inorganic chemistry results in less standardised undergraduate curricula than other sub-disciplines. This study surveys the content of advanced (third-year) inorganic chemistry across Australia and reviews experimental materials from 15 universities that offer inorganic laboratory programmes at this level. All institutions offer at least one traditional inorganic experiment, the most common being the preparation and acetylation of ferrocene, spectroscopy and magnetochemistry of nickel coordination compounds and palladium-catalysed cross-couplings. These inorganic classics are complemented by a breadth of non-traditional offerings that often align with institutional research strengths. Academic unit coordinators were also surveyed and their responses interpreted using ASELL (Advancing Science and Engineering through Laboratory Learning) tools. Advanced inorganic laboratory programmes were found to develop students’ practical and transferrable skills. Students generally receive guidance from teaching staff in all aspects of experimental work, including planning, development, analysis and communicating conclusions. Academic unit coordinators identified potential improvements that included diversifying student activities in the lab and how they are being assessed.
Is Malayo-Polynesian a primary branch of Austronesian?
Authors: Chen Victoria , Kuo Jonathan , Gallego Maria Kristina S. , Stead Isaac
Published: May 2022

An understudied morphosyntactic innovation, reanalysis of the Proto-Austronesian (PAn) stative intransitive prefix *ma- as a transitive affix, offers new insights into Austronesian higher-order subgrouping. Malayo-Polynesian is currently considered a primary branch of Austronesian, with no identifiably closer relationship with any linguistic subgroup in the homeland (Blust 1999,2009/2013;Ross 2005). However, the fact that it displays the same innovative use ofma-with Amis, Siraya, Kavalan and Basay-Trobiawan and shares the merger of PAn *C/t with this group suggests that Malayo-Polynesian and East Formosan may share a common origin – the subgroup that comprises the four languages noted above. This observation points to a revised subgrouping more consistent with a socio-historical picture where the out-of-Taiwan population descended from a seafaring community expanding to the Batanes and Luzon after having developed a seafaring tradition. It also aligns with recent findings in archaeology and genetics that (i) eastern Taiwan is the most likely starting point of Austronesian dispersal (Hung 2005,2008,2019;Bellwood 2017;Bellwood & Dizon 2008;Carson & Hung 2018) and (ii) that the Amis bear a significantly closer relationship with Austronesian communities outside Taiwan (Capelli et al. 2001;Trejaut et al. 2005;McColl et al. 2018;Pugach et al. 2021;Tätte et al. 2021). Future investigation of additional shared innovations between Malayo-Polynesian and East Formosan could shed further light on their interrelationships.
Self-sacrifice expressions in Persian
Authors: Allami Hamid , Eslamizadeh Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2022

In spite of its prevalence in Iranian Persian-speaking communities, the issue of self-sacrifice expressions as a
culture-specific verbal behavior has remained almost ignored in the existing literature on speech acts. The current study is an
enquiry into the use of self-sacrifice expressions by Iranian Persian speakers in performing different speech acts such as
thanking, sympathizing, and expressing affection and love. Serving as a device of encoding emotion into speech, self-sacrifice
expressions have been found to be of variety in diction as well as variation in frequency across such social factors as age,
gender, and education level. The results indicate pragmalinguistic variations in the use of self-sacrifice expressions in terms of
social context, gender, age, and educational level. The tenets of this study are intended to be of insight into socio-cultural
aspects of self-sacrifice expressions in language use.
Filamin FLN-2 promotes MVB biogenesis by mediating vesicle docking on the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Shi Leiling , Jian Youli , Li Meijiao , Hao Tianchao , Yang Chonglin , Wang Xiaochen
Published: May 2022

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) contain intralumenal vesicles that are delivered to lysosomes for degradation or released extracellularly for intercellular signaling. Here, we identified Caenorhabditis elegans filamin FLN-2 as a novel regulator of MVB biogenesis. FLN-2 co-localizes with V-ATPase subunits on MVBs, and the loss of FLN-2 affects MVB biogenesis, reducing the number of MVBs in C. elegans hypodermis. FLN-2 associates with actin filaments and is required for F-actin organization. Like fln-2(lf) mutation, inactivation of the V0 or V1 sector of V-ATPase or inhibition of actin polymerization impairs MVB biogenesis. Super-resolution imaging shows that FLN-2 docks V-ATPase-decorated MVBs onto actin filaments. FLN-2 interacts via its calponin-homology domains with F-actin and the V1-E subunit, VHA-8. Our data suggest that FLN-2 mediates the docking of MVBs on the actin cytoskeleton, which is required for MVB biogenesis.
Killing cells using light (activated) sabers
Authors: Tait Stephen W.G.
Published: May 2022

Many types of regulated cell death exist, however the non-cell autonomous effects of specific forms of cell death remain poorly understood. Addressing this, Shkarina et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202109038) describe an optogenetic method to activate distinct modes of cell death in select cells.
Light ray fluctuations in simplicial quantum gravity
Authors: Jia Ding
Published: May 2022

A non-perturbative study on the quantum fluctuations of light ray propagation through a quantum region of spacetime is long overdue. Within the theory of Lorentzian simplicial quantum gravity, we compute the probabilities for a test light ray to land at different locations after travelling through a symmetry-reduced box region in 2, 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions. It is found that for fixed boundary conditions, light ray fluctuations are generically large when all coupling constants are relatively small in absolute value. For fixed coupling constants, as the boundary size is decreased light ray fluctuations first increase and then decrease in a 2D theory with the cosmological constant, Einstein–Hilbert and R-squared terms. While in 3D and 4D theories with the cosmological constant and Einstein–Hilbert terms, as the boundary size is decreased light ray fluctuations just increase. Incidentally, when studying 2D quantum gravity we show that the global time-space duality with the cosmological constant and Einstein–Hilbert terms noted previously also holds when arbitrary even powers of the Ricci scalar are added. We close by discussing how light ray fluctuations can be used in obtaining the continuum limit of non-perturbative Lorentzian quantum gravity.
Chaotic photon orbits and shadows of a non-Kerr object described by the Hartle–Thorne spacetime
Authors: Kostaros K , Pappas G
Published: May 2022

The data from the event horizon telescope have provided a novel view of the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole (BH), by imaging the region around the light-ring. They have also raised hopes for measuring in the near future, features of the image (or the shadow) related to higher order effects of photons travelling in these regions, such as the appearance of higher order bright rings produced by more than one windings of photons around the light-ring. While the prospect of measuring these fine features of Kerr BHs is very interesting in itself, there are some even more intriguing prospects for observing novel features of possible non-Kerr objects, in the case that the subjects of our images are not the BH solutions of general relativity. In the hope of sufficient resolution being available in the future, we explore in this work the structure and properties of null geodesics around a Hartle–Thorne (HT) spacetime that includes a deformation from the Kerr spacetime characterised by the quadrupole deformation δq. These spacetimes have been found to exhibit a bifurcation of the equatorial light-ring to two off-equatorial light-rings in a range of δqs and spin parameters. In addition to this, there is a range of parameters where both the equatorial and the off-equatorial light-rings are present. This results in the formation of a pocket that can trap photon orbits. We investigate the properties of these trapped orbits and find that chaotic behaviour emerges. Some of these chaotic orbits are additionally found to be ‘sticky’ and get trapped close to periodic orbits for long times. We also explore how these novel features affect the shadow and find that the off-equatorial light-rings produce distinctive features that deform its circular shape, while the chaotic behaviour associated to the pocket creates features with fractal structure. These results are shown to be quite general, extending to higher order HT spacetimes.
Effect of the field self-interaction of General Relativity on the cosmic microwave background anisotropies
Authors: Deur Alexandre
Published: May 2022

Field self-interactions are at the origin of the non-linearities inherent to General Relativity. We study their effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. We find that they can reduce or alleviate the need for dark matter and dark energy in the description of the CMB power spectrum.
Corrosion grade recognition for weathering steel plate based on a convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Yan , Shen Xiaoli , Wu Kai , Huang Mingquan
Published: May 2022

For the maintenance of weathering steel structure facilities, it is necessary to evaluate the corrosion grade of the rust layer on the surface regularly. At present, corrosion grade classification of weathering steel is mainly based on visual inspection with the human eye. In this paper, a deep learning method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to evaluate the corrosion grade of weathering steel is proposed to save time and manpower. Firstly, the image dataset of the corrosion steel plate was established using salt spray tests. Then, a CNN architecture named VGG-Corrosion was designed to evaluate the corrosion grade of the corroded steel plate. The effects of the learning rate, transfer learning, and batch size were also investigated to clarify the best hyperparameter configurations to train a powerful corrosion grade classification model. Under the best combination of considered hyperparameters, the mean average accuracy for the corrosion grade evaluation of the test results is 90.96%. The test results indicated that the CNN-based corrosion grade recognition for weathering steel plate is prospective, which would be helpful for safety evaluation of steel structures.
Enhancement of detachment control with simplified real-time modelling on the KSTAR tokamak
Authors: Eldon D , Anand H , Bak J-G , Barr J , Hahn S-H , Jeong J H , Kim H-S , Lee H H , Leonard A W , Sammuli B , Shin G W , Wang H Q
Published: May 2022

Detachment control based on ion saturation current I

sat
measurements from Langmuir probes (LPs) is implemented in the KSTAR tokamak and shown to be capable of following dynamic and constant target trajectories with good accuracy, in H-mode, by moderating the flow rate of nitrogen or deuterium. I

sat
controllers normalize I

sat
in order to form attachment fraction (A

frac
) as their control parameter. The KSTAR implementation of A

frac
control differs from previous work in that it continuously calculates a model for attached I

sat
and uses that as the denominator in A

frac
, whereas prior implementations either record peak I

sat
at rollover as they pass it or take estimated

I

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a
t
,
r
o
l
l
o
v
e
r

as a manual input prior to the shot. The KSTAR controller therefore does not need to keep track of rollover status and keep separate targets for pre- and post-rollover states, and it can automatically adapt to changes in scenario at any time. It is also less vulnerable to noise as it will not lock in an outlier as a rollover point.
High-frequency measurement of the interferometric phase, the Faraday rotation, and the Cotton-Mouton effect with a single detector in a far-infrared interferometer-polarimeter
Authors: Giudicotti L , Fiorucci D , Zilli E
Published: May 2022

A novel polarization modulation method is proposed, for a possible application in the measurement of the electron density and magnetic field profiles by an interferometer-polarimeter diagnostic in the Divertor Test Tokamak (DTT) device. Starting from the output of a CO2 pumped CHCOH3 far-infrared (FIR) laser (λ = 118.8 μm), three waves with frequencies ω, ω − δω, and ω + δω are generated and coherently combined to produce a polarization modulated laser beam suitable to probe the DTT plasma in a multichord, double-pass scheme. A second, coherently pumped, FIR cavity operating at the slightly detuned ω′ frequency, acts as a local oscillator for the interferometric measurement. By this polarization modulation method, it is possible to simultaneously measure the interferometric phase, the Faraday rotation angle, and the Cotton-Mouton effect, all by a single detector, while keeping to an acceptable value the perturbation of the interferometric phase due to the time modulated polarization. In this paper, we describe the principles of the method and discuss its possible application in the poloidal interferometer-polarimeter diagnostic of the DTT device. A single chord mock-up experiment is in preparation to experimentally test the technique.