bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal earthquake clustering in the Western Corinth Gulf
Authors: Karagianni E. , Paradisopoulou P. , Karakostas V.
Published: January 2017

Corinth Gulf has been studied, thoroughly using multidisciplinary approaches (geological, seismological, geodetic etc), which revealed its complicated tectonic behaviour. In the last five years or more, an intense continuous microseismic activity is observed in the westernmost part of the gulf covering the area from west of Aigio tothe area west of Rio Antirrio strait, near the city of Patras. Aiming to study in detail the properties of this microseismic manifestation, the recordings of the Hellenic Unified Seismological Network (HUSN) are used to accurately determine the focal coordinates of earthquakes with magnitudes M=1.5 or more. Relocation was performed using the HYPOINVERSE program, for all available data for the period 2010-2011 when earthquakes up to magnitude M=5.5 occurred. The space time plot of the epicentres shows that seismicity is not random in the area but formed distinctive clusters, indicating an E-W striking seismic zone whose patches are successively activated for certain periods. The present work deals with the investigation of spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity with the intention to examine the migration ofseismicity and multi-segment activation.
Mineralogy and chemistry of amphiboles and thermobarometry of Papikion Mt pluton, Rhodope, Northern Greece.
Authors: Drakoulis A. , Koroneos A. , Soldatos T. , Papadopoulou L.
Published: January 2017

Papikion Mt pluton which intrudes Kardamos Dome, consists of biotite (Bi), hornblende (Hbl) and biotite-hornblende (Bi-Hbl) bearing rock types. In this work the relationship among the amphiboles of each Hbl-bearing rock type is studied. Moreover, their minimum crystallization pressure and temperature are estimated. The amphiboles of the Hbl granodiorite (GRD), the Bi-Hbl diorite (DR) and the Hbl diorite (DR) are classified mainly as magnesiohornblende and ferrohornblende and the amphiboles of the Bi-Hbl GRD as ferroedenite and hanstingsite. It is to note that some samples contain amphibole crystals showing a sieved texture with quartz. These sieved amphiboles have no chemical differences from the rest amphibole crystals. This texture can probably derive from the breakdown of mafic minerals of an assimilated xenolith such as pyroxenes and hornblende itself, leaving quartz. Using the Al-in-hornblende geobarometer and the plagioclase-hornblende geothermometer), minimum crystallization pressures from 4.6 to 5.2 kbar and temperatures from 700 to 740 °C were estimated for the Bi-Hbl GRD. The DR shows crystallization pressures ranging from 6.4 to 7.4 kbar and temperatures ranging from 620 to 700 °C. The Hbl GRD shows the lowest P-T values, thus an average crystallization pressure about 3 kbar and an average temperature about 600 °C were estimated.
The occurrences of Mg-hydroxycarbonates in serpentinites of the western section of the South Aegean volcanic arc (West Attica peninsula-Northeastern Argolis peninsula), Greece
Authors: Stamatakis M. G. , Mitsis I.
Published: January 2017

In the area of West Attica Peninsula, Greece, ophiolitic rocks which outcrop mainly at the Geraneia Mountains, overlie Triassic-Jurassic limestone and covered by Plio - Pleistocene sedimentary rocks. The relatively widespread ophiolite occurrences are mainly serpentinized peridotites, considered as spinel lherzolites and dunites. In the Northeastern Argolis Peninsula several small remnants of an ophiolitic nappe outcrop which consists from serpentinized and tectonically deformed peridotites, overthrusted on the Eocene flysch. Both regions are characterized by manifestations of volcanic activity. Recently, white mineral aggregates have been discovered in several places in highly altered and serpentinized ultrabasic rocks of the above regions, with the form of irregular accumulations. The identified minerals are hydromagnesite, which predominates, and also magnesite, huntite, and minerals of pyroaurite group. For the study of the Mg-hydroxycarbonate minerals assemblages and the hosting material, PXRD mineralogical analysis, SEM investigations and SEM-EDS microprobe and chemical analyses has been performed. It is suggested that the origin of the secondary Mg-rich hydroxycarbonates was controlled by the alteration of the ophiolites due to a combining actions of intense hydrothermal activity with CO2 -rich fluids, tectonism, as well as the groundwater chemistry that is characterized by high Mg/Ca ratio and alkaline pH values.
Amethyst occurrences in Tertiary volcanic rocks of Greece: mineralogical and genetic implications
Authors: Voudouris P. , Psimis I. , Mavrogonatos C. , Kanellopoulos C. , Kati M. , Chlekou E.
Published: January 2017

Epithermal-altered volcanic rocks in Greece host gem-quality amethyst veins in association with various silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides and halides. Host rocks are Oligocene to recent calc-alkaline to shoshonitic lavas and pyroclastics of intermediate- to acid composition. The amethyst-bearing veins occur in the periphery of porphyry-type and/or high-sulfidation epithermal mineralized centers in northern Greece (e.g. Sapes, Kirki, Kornofolia/Soufli, Lesvos island) and on Milos island in the active Aegean Volcanic Arc. Hydrothermal alteration around the quartz veins includes sericitic, K-feldspar (adularia), argillic, propylitic and zeolitic types. Precipitation of amethyst in the northern Greece occurrences, took place during the final stages of the magmatic-hydrothermal activity from near-neutral to alkaline fluids, as indicated by the presence of gangue adularia, calcite, smectite, chlorite, sericite, pyrite, zeolites (laumontite, heulandite, clinoptilolite), analcime and minor amounts of barite, halite, epidote and fluorite in the quartz veins. Amethyst at Milos Island (Chondro Vouno and Kalogries-Vani areas), is accompanied by barite, smectite and lepidocrocite. Colloform-crustiform banding with alternations of amethyst, chalcedony and/or carbonates is a common characteristic of the studied amethyst-bearing veins. Fluid inclusion- and mineralogical data suggest that the studied amethyst were formed at: 174-246 °C (Sapes area), 100-175 °C (Kirki and Kornofolia areas) and 223-234°C (Lesvos island). The amethyst formation requires oxidizing conditions and is probably the result of mixing between meteoric or seawater with upwelling hydrothermal fluids. The involvement of seawater in the studied mineralization is supported by the presence of halite and abundant barite in the veins. Finally, the studied amethyst deposits should be evaluated as potential gemstone sources in Greece.
Spectroscopic and thermal study of bentonites from Milos Island, Greece
Authors: Bourliva A. , Michailidis K. , Sikalidis C. , Filippidis A.
Published: January 2017

Bentonitic clays, currently in use in over hundred areas, are among the most important industrial raw materials. In most of the cases, bentonites predominantly consist of montmorillonite which is a 2:1 layer clay mineral formed by one alumina octahedral sheet placed between two silica tetrahedral sheets. Three bentonite composite samples (BN1, BN2, BN3) with some differences in mineralogical and chemical composition from Milos island (“Miloan”), Greece were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and surface area (BET) measurements techniques. Mineralogically, bentonite samples were characterized by high concentrations of smectite (>85%) and minor amounts of other clay minerals (illite and kaolinite). Nonclay minerals such as quartz, calcite and pyrite were also identified. The infrared spectrum of the bentonites also revealed the presence of dioctahedral smectite as the major component and quartz as the main impurity in all the samples. The stretching vibration at 3698cm-1 in the sample BN3 could be ascribed to kaolinite. DTA-TG curves of all samples were measured in the temperature range 75-1000oC. The total weight losses for the bentonite samples BN1, BN2 and BN3 were determined as 16.25, 12.32 and 13.35% respectively.
Rock mass blastability dependence on rock mass quality.
Authors: Chatziangelou M. , Christaras B.
Published: January 2017

The present paper tries to investigate the influence of rock mass quality characteristics on blasting results. In order to come to some conclusions, blastability and quality of rock mass were put together using the already known classification systems. Taking into account the quantity of blastability index (BI) for every possible structural appearance of the poor rock mass, the relation of discontinuities characteristics and blastability index are investigated. The estimations of the above trial gave arise on a new classification system being called “Blastability Quality System (BQS)”, which can be an easily and wide use tool as it is a quickly calculator for blastability index (BI) and rock mass quality.
Engineering geological mapping of the Pallini urban area
Authors: Kotsanis D. , Panagiotopoulos P. , Rozos D. , Loupasakis C.
Published: January 2017

Engineering geological thematic maps can provide substantial information for the development of cities, the land planning of future infrastructures and even more for the planning of the natural hazards prevention and/or mitigation. To this direction the engineering geological map of the Municipality of Pallini, at the Eastern Attica prefecture, at a scale of 1:20.000, was compiled. For that purpose, the following workflow was adopted: Firstly, a desk study helped in selecting the relevant topographic and geologic maps, which were digitized and introduced in a GIS environment. Secondly, the data coming from detailed geological mapping were elaborated to the same GIS environment. Thirdly, geotechnical data collected from borehole logs, such as lithostromatographic sequence, in situ tests and laboratory tests were introduced in geotechnical database. The statistical evaluation of this data provided estimates for numerous geotechnical parameters. Finally, the engineering geological map was compiled by merging the geological formations into lithologic units according to their origin, age, natural condition, and geotechnical characteristics.
Supergene alteration of a refractory epithermal gold mineralization: The Perama Hill deposit, NE Greece
Authors: Triantafyllidis S. , Skarpelis N.
Published: January 2017

Supergene alteration phenomena have affected the upper part of the Perama Hill epithermal mineralization hosted in the felsic sandstone (oxide sector). The very low acid buffering capacity of the porous sandstone combined with the disseminated character of pyrite and sulfosalts, resulted in extensive weathering. Goethite and hematite predominate in the upper part of the mineralized sandstone revealing pervasive oxidation and leaching of heavy metals. A transitional zone to the refractory sulfide mineralization is detected close to the underlying andesitic breccia. Free Au grains are identified in the upper, oxide sector of the deposit, with the highest Au grades being observed at the upper and lower part of the sandstone, the latter located close to the transition zone with the underlying andesitic breccia. Acid rock drainage identified in both surface and ground water samples in the vicinity of the Perama Hill epithermal deposit indicates active oxidation of the sulfide sector of the deposit.
NOAfaults: a digital database for active faults in Greece
Authors: Ganas A. , Oikonomou I. A. , Tsimi C.
Published: January 2017

This paper documents the approach to compiling a digital database of fault geometry and additional attributes primarily to support seismicity monitoring at the National Observatory of Athens (NOA). A database for Greek active faults has been constructed from published fault maps in peer-reviewed journals since 1972. The standard commercial software ARC GIS has been used to design and populate the database. The fault layer was produced by on-screen digitization and is available to the scientific community in ESRI shapefile (SHP) and TXT formats in WGS84 projection. A KML file is also available to display the fault data in an Earth browser such as Google Earth. In this version of the database, we focus our attention to the active faults of the upper (Aegean + Eurasian) plate and the back-arc region of the Hellenic Arc, in general. 963 faults are included. The database is freely accessible from the Internet.
Paleoearthquake history of the Spili fault
Authors: Mouslopoulou V. , Moraetis D. , Benedetti L. , Guillou V. , Hristopulos D.
Published: January 2017

The paleoearthquake activity on the Spili Fault is examined using a novel methodology that combines measurements of Rare Earth Elements (REE) and of in situ cosmogenic 36Cl on the exhumed fault scarp. Data show that the Spili Fault is active and has generated a minimum of five large-magnitude earthquakes over the last ~16500 years. The timing and, to a lesser degree, the slip-size of the identified paleoearthquakes was highly variable. Specifically, the two most recent events occurred between 100 and 900 years BP producing a cumulative displacement of 3.5 meters. The timing of the three older paleoearthquakes is constraint at 7300, 16300 and 16500 years BP with slip sizes of 2.5, 1.2 and 1.8 meters, respectively. The magnitude of the earthquakes that produced the measured co-seismic displacements, ranges from M 6.3-7.3 while the average earthquake recurrence interval on the Spili Fault is about 4200 years. The above data suggest that the Spili is among the most active faults on Crete and its earthquake parameters may be incorporated into the National Seismic Hazard Model.
Definition of inferred faults using 3D geological modeling techniques: A case study in Tympaki Basin in Crete, Greece
Authors: Panagopoulos G. , Giannakakos E. , Manoutsoglou E. , Steiakakis E. , Soupios P. , Vafidis A.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to recognize inferred faults in Tympaki basin (Crete island) which cannot be observed on the surface, as the area is covered by recent deposits. The identification of the faults is crucial for the study of the sea-water intrusion in Tympaki basin that has been observed during the last years. 3D geological modelling techniques were used for reaching the aforementioned goal. The data used include the digital elevation model (DEM) of the area, the boundary surface between geologic formations and the litho - stratigraphic logs of thirty nine (39) wells. Initially a 3D stratigraphic model was set-up depicting the spatial extension of Plio-Quaternary and Neogene deposits. Next, with emphasis on the litho - stratigraphic logs of the wells, the boundary between the geological formations was defined in a 3D space. The regional unconformity between the Plio-Quaternary and Neogene formations is possibly the result of tectonic activity of inferred faults. The traces of the inferred faults were drawn and they were compared with the faults suggested by previous studies.
Strike slip tectonics and transtensional deformation in the Aegean region and the Hellenic arc: Preliminary results
Authors: Sakellariou D. , Mascle J. , Lykousis V.
Published: January 2017

Recently acquired offshore seismic and swath bathymetry data from the Hellenic Arc, the Ionian Sea and the South and North Aegean Sea, including the Hellenic Volcanic Arc and the Cyclades plateau, along with geological and tectonic data from Plio-Quaternary basins exposed on the Hellenic Arc indicate that strike slip tectonics has played a major role in the southwestward extension of the Aegean crustal block, the development of the offshore neotectonic basins and the spatial distribution of the volcanic activity along the Volcanic Arc. Transtensional deformation, accommodated by (sinistral or dextral) strike slip zones and related extensional structures, prevail throughout Plio-Quaternary, since the North Anatolian Fault broke westwards into the North Aegean. Incipient collision of the Hellenic Forearc south of Crete with the Libyan promontory and consequent lateral escape tectonics led to the segmentation of the Hellenic Arc in distinct blocks, which move southwestwards independently from each other and are bounded by strike slip faults.
The prospect of using greek lignite in an energy portfolio related to power generation
Authors: Papanicolaou C. , Typou J. , Ioakeim J. , Kotis Th. , Foscolos A.
Published: January 2017

The lignite-based power generation contributes 38% towards Greece’s energy independence. Reducing the lignite use while simultaneously importing more expensive natural gas both government deficit and the cost of energy will increase. This surcharge is passed to consumers. Switching to renewable resources invokes an even greater fiscal imbalance, since the costs from the use of wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels are 87 €/MWh, and 180–284 €/MWh respectively, while natural gas stands at 95 €/MWh and lignite-derived energy is 45 €/MWh.In case of replacing a 300 MW lignite fed power unit with a 300 MW natural gas fed power unit, the loss in income will be 66,540,000 €/year. Coupled with the increased cost of natural gas (31,800,000 €/year) the total is 98,340,000 €/year in addition to the loss of 1235 jobs.Greek authorities intends to replace lignite-fired plants having a total installed capacity of 2531 MW with equivalent natural gas-fired plants resulting in annual total deficit in excess of 787 M€. The targets set by the Greek Ministry of Energy and Climatic Changes to reduce emissions include halving Greek lignite-derived power output from 4800 MW to 2300 MW (>-52%). This move simultaneously increases Greek energy dependence on expensive foreign energy sources and will potentially provoke social unrest at the loss of 12500 jobs with loss of annual income on the order of 670 M€. However, if the existing power output from lignite-fed power plants is maintained, the penalty that PPC (Public Power Corporation) has to pay for the resultant CO2 emissions is significantly smaller (300 M€ at 7.5 €/t of emitted CO2/GWh.Proceeding with the immediate reduction in lignite-fired energy results in economic and social catastrophe (annual income loss:-670 million € + annual CO2 emissions penalty: 348 M€= -322 M€). Lignite-fired plants will become obsolete only when the CO2 emissions penalty exceeds 63.5 €/t of emitted CO2/GWh from a purely economic perspective.
Water resources management in Sperchios River Basin, using SWOT analysis
Authors: Stathopoulos N. , Rozos D. , Vasileiou E.
Published: January 2017

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a useful tool for sustainable development and decision making about environmental planning and water resources management. This analysis was applied in order to evaluate the water resources of the wider area of Sperchios River. Sperchios River basin, with an average altitude of approximately 810m, covers an area of 2116 km2. The river is recharged by many streams of permanent and periodic flow and discharges in Maliakos Gulf. The steep slopes, which are present within approximately 2/3 of the total length of the river course, form a rather mountainous topography (streamy, with crucial flooding peaks and very intense sediment yield). Only in the last downstream part of Sperchios course, the topography gradually changes into a lowland relief, with an extent at the river mouth of 1830 km2. At this part of Sperchios severe cases of flooding have been occasionally observed and reported. Regarding the SWOT applications on the wider area of Sperchios River, various data were processed (geological, meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological, land use, socio-economic and environmental parameters) in order to suggest a water management planning in the area.
The role of Kefalovruso and Amourio springs in the hydrodynamic conditions of Potamia Elassona Basin
Authors: Vasileiou E. , Koumantakis I.
Published: January 2017

Elassona area in central Greece. The water resources of the region affect critically the exploitation of the mineral deposits. The detailed hydrogeological research of the area is imperative before starting the mining activities. Two groups of springs discharge near the study area. The karstic springs of Kefalovruso are in the northwest boundaries of the Neogene basin and the springs of Amourio are located in the Quaternary alluvial deposits, in the central part of the area. This paper includes the analysis of the hydrogeological conditions of the springs, the processing of the water- measurements (water supply, water level) and their correlation with the area’s meteorological data. The time series of hydrological data, from 1972 to 2008, were evaluated for both springs and several parameters were estimated in order to investigate the function and the capacity of the springs. The relation between the recharge system of the springs and the area’s groundwater dynamics is also analysed.
Molecular, chemical and morphological evidence for hematite biogenicity at the Quaternary Cape Vani Mn-(Ba-Fe) deposit, Milos, Greece
Authors: Kilias S.P. , Chatzitheodoridis E. , Lyon I.
Published: January 2017

Many aspects of the biotic or abiotic origin of iron-rich sedimentary rocks consisting mainly of hematite, an important indicator for exobiology, remain unresolved. Here, we use combined optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), to image the spatial distribution, and determine the composition, of potential biogenic markers (microbial microfossils, trace elements, organic ion species) in hematitemicrostromatolites and oncolite-like microstructures. These structures are identified in iron-rich material cementing a Quaternary fossil-beach conglomerate deposit in the Cape Vani area, NW Milos Island, Greece. The combined detection of morphological, chemical, and molecular organic-ion, biomarkers closely associated with possible hematite microfossils within microstromatolite laminae, strongly supports microbial mediation for their formation, and indicates that hematitic microlamination may be used as a biosignature for Fe-rich biomats on Earth and for their detection in extra-terrestrial materials. The Cape Vani hematitemicrostromatolites may contribute to growing our understanding of the function of microorganisms in the genesis of modern and ancient Fe deposits.
Maturity of dispersed organic matter in bituminous formations of the Ionian Zone (Epirus region, NW Greece)
Authors: Rallakis D. , Siavalas G. , Oskay G. , Tsimiklis D. , Christanis K.
Published: January 2017

The main objective of this paper is to study by means of Organic Petrology techniques, the maturity of the dispersed organic matter from certain sedimentary formations of the Ionian Zone, such as the Bituminous Shale, the Upper Siliceous Vigla Formation and the Bituminous Sandstone. The samples were collected from outcropping sites located in the region of Epirus. Initially they were treated with acids (HCl-HF) to remove most of the carbonate and silicate minerals. Then a ZnCl2 solution was used to concentrate the organic-rich fraction. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content was determined applying dichromate oxidation. Polished blocks were prepared from the concentrated organic matter mounted in epoxy resin and examined under the coal-petrography microscope. Emphasis was given to maceral identification and vitrinite reflectance (R) measurements, which provide information regarding the quality and the maturity of the organic matter respectively, with implications for the petroleum generation potential regardless the level of alteration. The TOC and Rr values (4.74% and 0.68%, respectively) confirm to the oil potential of the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale. Nevertheless, it is suggested that detailed and higher resolution sampling focusing on the Lower Posidonia Shale, as well as organic petrography analyses coupled with Rock-Eval pyrolysis should be carried out in order to accurately determine its quality as petroleum source rocks.
Neutralization of sludge and purification of wastewater from Sindos industrial area of Thessaloniki (Greece) using natural zeolite
Authors: Filippidis A. , Godelitsas A. , Kantiranis N. , Gamaletsos P. , Tzamos E. , Filippidis S.
Published: January 2017

The commixture of sludge from Sindos industrial area of Thessaloniki with high quality HEU-type natural zeolite (tuff with 86 wt.% clinoptilolite-heulandite) in equal proportions, resulted in odourless and cohesive zeosludge. Also, the treatment of wastewater of pH 7.8 from the same area with high quality HEU-type natural zeolite (88 wt.% clinoptilolite-heulandite) resulted in production of clear water of pH 7.3, free of odours and improved quality parameters by 60% for the NO3 - content, 76% for the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 100% for P2O5 and Cr contents. Simultaneously, a precipitate of odourless and cohesive zeosludge was produced. The odourless and cohesive zeosludge produced either by the commixture of sludge with the natural zeolite or as precipitate from the treatment of industrial wastewater with the natural zeolite and coagulants, is suitable for safe deposition, since the fixation of the hazardous components in the micro/nano-pores of the HEU-type zeolite, as well as the meso- and macro-porous of natural zeolite, prevents their leaching by the rain water, protecting thus the quality of soils, surface and ground waters.
Environmental assessment of contaminants in a downstream area of a landfill
Authors: Koutsopoulou E. , Katsanou K. , Papoulis D. , Zagana E. , Tsolis- Katagas P.
Published: January 2017

Therefore, the evaluation of environmental risks associated with a landfill and the effect of landfill surface runoff was investigated. Soil samples were collected in the downstream area of the waste disposal site and their mineralogy was studied. An appraisal of the heavy metal contamination in the area was attempted. Top layers of sediments seem to interact with chemically modified surface runoff waters from the landfill. Heavy metals such as As and Pb were in significant concentrations in the sediments within a distance of 200 m from the site. Anions such as chloride, sulphate and phosphate adsorbed on clay minerals suggest the interaction of sediments with surface runoff from the waste disposal site. Inorganic parameters NH4 + and NO2 - in surface water samples are above or slightly below the guidelines recommended by EE and WHO. The results indicated that environmental monitoring of the landfill is considered essential.
QUARTZ MEGACRYSTS IN GREECE: MINERALOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION
Authors: Maneta V. , Voudouris P.
Published: January 2017

Quartz megacrysts in Greece are systematically sampled, described and classified with respect to their morphology, solid inclusion mineralogy, and geological conditions of formation. Quartz deposition took place due to reduction in silica solubility in the hydrothermal fluids in favourable geological environments such as: alpine-type fissures close to major detachment faults, skarns and quartz veins crosscutting and generally related to granitoids and, finally, epithermally altered volcanic rocks of Tertiary age. The varieties of coloured crystals (amethyst, smoky quartz, morion, green quartz, rock crystal), the twinning of the crystals, the mineralogy of solid phases included in quartz (rutile, chlorite, sericite, feldspars) as well as the types and forms of the crystals (Tessin habit, Muzo habit, faden quartz, sceptre, window quartz, interrupted crystals, double-terminated crystals, phantom quartz, gwindel quartz, etc.) give important information on the growth mechanisms and the physico-chemical conditions during quartz formation. The quartz crystals found in several localities are gemmy and their potential for use as gemstones should be evaluated.
A NEW LATE MIOCENE PLANT ASSEMBLAGE FROM MESSARA BASIN (CRETE, GREECE)
Authors: Zidianakis G. Zidianakis G. , Iliopoulos G. , Fassoulas C.
Published: January 2017

A rich terrigenous plant assemblage was recently excavated from early Tortonian deposits at Messara basin, southern Crete. The macro-remains are perfectly preserved as impressions or carbonized compressions in poorly lithified and locally laminated, blue-green clays with an age of at least 10.5 Ma and thus can be considered as the oldest plant assemblage found in Crete todate. Gymnosperms are represented by the families of Pinaceae (pine needles and winged seeds), Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae (leafy twings of Taxodium). Besides, 19 different angiosperm taxa of trees and shrubs have been also determined. Fagaceae is the most diversified with foliage of beech and several deciduous and evergreen oaks, while Myricaceae contribute mainly as abundant leaf remains of Myrica lignitum. Accessory elements of evergreen Lauraceae (Daphnogene polymorpha), sclerophyllus shrubs of Buxaceae (Buxus pliocenica) and various deciduous dicotyledonous such as Populus crenata, Liquidambar europaea, Carya minor and Acer pseudomonspessulanum are well documented. Leguminosae is recorded by a significant number of various small leaflet imprints. Therefore, the recovered remains indicate swampy forest habitats dominated by hygrophilic woody plants of Taxodium and Myrica, while in the surrounding plains and slopes a mixed mesophytic forest with a relatively low proportion of evergreen plants occurred in early-Late Miocene times in Crete depicting a moderately humid, warm-temperate nature for the climate.
INVESTIGATION OF THE FORMATION OF SPELEOTHEMS IN THE AGIOS GEORGIOS CAVE, KILKIS (N. GREECE)
Authors: Antonelou A. , Tsikouras B. , Papoulis D. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: January 2017

The Agios Georgios cave at Kilkis (North Greece) contains a large variety of speleothems and it is considered as one of the most decorated caves of Greece. For this study a coordinated geochemical and textural investigation of the speleothem was carried out. This stalactite was cut along its growth axis and a transverse slab of it shows parallel calcite layers of varying thickness and colour, whose regularity and spacing suggest an annual origin. Microscopic investigation of polished-thin sections resulted in a detailed description of several fabric types. Scanning Electron Microscopic study and microanalyses revealed that pure calcite is dominant; local Mg-bearing calcite occurs, too. In some pores among the faceted crystals there is a variety of clay minerals that, along with the development of Mg-bearing calcite, are interpreted as the result of microbiological or/and climatic changes. Numerous changes in environmental conditions in caves (particularly changes in water flow rates) cause variations in the degree of perfection of crystallite lateral growth and inclusions may trapped by their advancing growth surface. The speleothem is studied in order to generate archives of climate change (aridity, flow rates etc.) and indentifying shifts in climate system. The successive laminae in the studied speleothem from Agios Georgios suggest alternative cool and warm periods in the past climatic conditions of northern Greece.
PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PALAEOCEANOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA OVER THE LAST 18KA
Authors: Thomopoulos K. , Geraga M. , Fakiris E. , Papatheodorou G. , Ferentinos G.
Published: January 2017

he aim of the present study is the reconstruction of the palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evaluation of the Mediterranean Sea over the last 18ka based on the distribution of the planktonic foraminifera species. Planktonic foraminifera species have been proven excellent indicators of the palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic variability. The data set of the present study consists of the variability in the abundances of planktonic foraminifera species as has been reported and published in previous studies, after the examination of marine sediments from cores selected all over the Mediterranean Sea. The evolution in the abundance of each planktonic species is examined on a time interval spacing of 1000years suggesting implications for the palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evolution of the Mediterranean Sea for the same time sampling interval (1000yrs). The most pronounced results of this study suggest that: (i) the increase in surface temperature during the warm intervals always follow a decreasing trend from eastern to western areas, (ii) the eutrophication of the Mediterranean Sea in most of the time exhibits a decreasing trend from northern to southern areas, and (iii) during the Holocene two cool spells (at around 8ka and 4ka) seems that had affected the majority of the Mediterranean region.
ΔΟΜΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΩΝ / SCHEME OF THE PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Geological Society of Greece Geological Society of Greece
Published: January 2017

no abstract available
MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND FABRIC AS RELATED TO THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE FINE – GRAINED PLIO-PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS OF ACHAIA, GREECE
Authors: Kouki A.
Published: January 2017

The fine grained sediments of the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of Achaia have been distinguished into two geotechnical units, stratigraphically successive, the Upper and the Lower one. A number of tests were performed in samples from both units in order to determine their mineralogical composition and fabric, as well as their CaCO3 content. From these it is shown that the two units present main differences in mineralogical composition, type and percentage of clay minerals, concretion ratio and calcium carbonate content, which directly affect their mechanical behavior in construction of technical works.
TUNNELING IN OPHIOLITHIC SERIES FORMATIONS: TUNNELS OF THE NEW HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY DOUBLE TRACK LINE - SECTION LIANOKLADI - DOMOKOS
Authors: Mourtzas N. , Gkiolas A.
Published: January 2017

For the project “3rd phase of design of the new high speed double track line - section Lianokladi – Domokos (subsection: Ch. 0+000 - Ch. 13+500)” geological and geotechnical investigations and designs were implemented for tunnels and cut & cover of the subsection Ch. 9+685 - Ch. 12+254. The above subsection, a significant part of which is already constructed, includes three tunnels (SS1, SS2 and SS4) and one Cut & Cover (SS3). Tunnels SS1, SS2 and SS4 are of lengths 860m, 477m and 495m, with overburden 58m, 50m and 60m respectively and are driven in mountainous area consisting of ophiolithic series formations, mainly massive basalts with varying fragmentation, dolerites, spilitic intrusions and serpentinites. The above formations are characterised by variable fragmentation, weathering and degree of alteration. At places metamorphic basalt (amphibolite) is also encountered. Schist-chert intrusions and ophiolithic material with intense schistification, are considered of tectonic origin and are connected with the major and secondary compressive fault zone in the area. Limestone blocks inside the ophiolithic mass are also considered of tectonic origin. The narrow area of the alignment is characterized by the presence of normal and transverse faults, along with major joints crossing the rockmass. The formations along the tunnels, according to their engineering – geological behaviour, were separated to seven geotechnical units. Representative values for the geotechnical parameters of each unit were determined and analyses for the corresponding primary support categories were performed, using code UNWEDGE (RocScience) for rock-classes were behaviour of underground excavation is determined mainly due to orientation of joints and using code PHASE2 version 6.011(RocScience) for formations were behaviour of underground excavation is determined mainly by their strength and deformability.
THE POTENTIAL NATURAL HAZARDS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN AND EXPLOITATION OF THE AERIAL ROPE-WAY IN THE “GORA SOBOLINAYA” MOUNTAIN-SKIING RESORT (SOUTHERN PRIBAIKALIA, RUSSIA)
Authors: Kadetova Alena , Kozireva Elena
Published: January 2017

The paper deals with investigation of potential geological hazards to be taken into consideration in designing of the aerial rope-way, as well as problems of development of the recreation infrastructure in mountain lands with the complicated building conditions.
GROUND FAILURE DUE TO GYPSUM DISSOLUTION
Authors: Poyiadji Eleftheria , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Karmis Petros
Published: January 2017

Gypsum in Hellas and Cyprus occurs in three different types: (a) bedded (mainly of Messinian age in Cyprus and Crete), (b) domes (mainly western Hellas and Crete), and (c) as bodies, fragments and cementing material in Triassic conglomerate formations (western Hellas). Ground failure caused by void migration to the surface, resulting from gypsum dissolution, is a common phenomenon in such areas, which are also found in other European countries (e.g., Italy, Spain, Switzerland, U.K., Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine and Russia). In this paper three different case studies of ground failure are presented: Cyprus, Crete (Viannos) and Corfu. Engineering geological, stratigraphical, geophysical, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical studies of these areas, revealed the direct relationship between surface runoff, and ground water circulation with the rate of gypsum dissolution, the subsequent development of karst hollows, and the associated ground failure in urban and suburban environments. Two main models were defined, according to different mechanisms of gypsum dissolution. The first model is associated with the erosion activity of surface runoff, the second with the dissolving capacity of ground water. Risks to the urban and suburban environments were assessed, and guidelines as well as mitigation measures were proposed.
SOIL EROSION ASSESMENT IN SOUTHERN EVIA ISLAND USING USLE AND GIS
Authors: Bathrellos G.D. , Skilodimou H.D. , Chousianitis K.G.
Published: January 2017

In the present study the evaluation of soil erosion in Southern Evia Island was carried out. Data related with precipitation, morphology, land cover and lithology were collected. A spatial database was created and the further processing of the collected data was prepared using GIS. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to predict the spatial distribution of the average annual rate of erosion. Five major factors were used to calculate the soil loss. These are rainfall erositivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cropping management (C) and conservation supporting practice (P). Each factor is the numerical estimate of a specific condition that affects the severity of soil erosion. The obtained soil loss values were used to create the erosion risk map. The applied methodology provides a cost effected and rapid estimation of areas that are vulnerable to soil erosion and need immediate attention from soil conservation point of view. Moreover these results can be used to assist land use planning.
INFILTRATION, EFFECTIVE POROSITY, TRANSMISSIBILITY AND CRITICAL YIELD OF WATER WELLS IN THE CARBONATE FISSURED AQUIFERS OF ATTICA – A CONTRIBUTION TO THE REGIONAL AND MANAGERIAL HYDROGEOLOGY
Authors: Kounis G. D. , Kounis K. G.
Published: January 2017

In the hydrogeological practice and the groundwater resources management the accurate knowledge on the infiltration, effective porosity, transmissibility, and on the sustainable yield of water wells is of fundamental value. It is so, because these parameters are the information primarily required in prediction and decisions relevant to the ground water abstractions and the hydrogeological evaluation of specific sites. In this paper, we present these quantities from the carbonate fissured formations of Attica, non metamorphic (limestones, dolomitic limestones, dolomites ) and metamorphic (marbles), which all are of great areal extent and thus of great interest for groundwater exploitation. In addition, they show good geomorphological, structural and lithologic resemblance with analogous formations elsewhere in this country, so that figures calculated can be reliably transferred for use. In our work we used methods of increased reliability, and having known precipitation (P) we estimated — The Infiltration Index (Ic) from the yield of springs of well defined hydrogeological catchments (natural lysimeters) and results found fall in the range of values 0.38P < Ic < 0.42P — The Effective Porosity (pe), obviously secondary because of the nature of the carbonate aquifers ( fissure flow aquifers ). We calculated it from groundwater level hydrograph and values found are in between 1.31%< pe < 6.91% with the most common in between 1.58%< pe < 4.8% — The Transmissibility (T), we calculated from pumping tests, with Jacob method, using semilogarithmic plots of drawdowns (s) versus time (t) from start of pumping. Values found are mostly (70%)in the range 10m3 /h.m < T < 75m3 /h.m — The Critical Yield (Qc) of water wells we calculated from the “characteristic well curve” Q vs. s (with Q and s standing for yield and drawdown respectively). Values are mostly in between 15m3 /h < Qc <75 m3 /h. Cretaceous limestones showed the best of the parameters, followed by the marbles free of schist in- Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, 2010 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2010 Πρακτικά 12ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Proceedings of the 12th International Congress Πάτρα, Μάιος 2010 Patras, May, 2010 tercalations and distant from schist boundary . Karstic processes on the fracture network, structures vulnerable to tectonic extension, like anticlines and tension faulting zones are the underlying reasons for better hydrogeologic performance and thus for higher values of the parameters studied. Dolomites outside the previous zones show very low values .
TELEMETRY NETWORK FOR MONITORING QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER IN KAVALA (N.GREECE)
Authors: Mertzanides Y. , Ziannos V. , Tsobanoglou C. , Kosmidis E.
Published: January 2017

In places where primary and secondary economic sectors are significant proportion of local economy, the quantity and quality of irrigation water has not only environmental but also economical and social affects in local society. A rational management of water resources demands reliable and quick information of the quality of irrigation water especially during summer. The monthly scheduled samplings that are usually followed by the state services in some cases are not adequate. A telemetry network of four stations for real-time monitoring the quality of irrigation water was designed by Directorate of Land Reclamation/Prefecture of Kavala. It covers the most important agricultural areas of prefecture, including the island of Thassos. Stations are equipped with modern and robust instrumentation (multiparameter sensors, data loggers, modems, ups, sophisticated software, etc) to measure physicochemical characteristics of surface and ground water. The records are 24 hours a day and they are transmitted via GPRS. It consists an innovative initiative for local authorities to have the ability of real-time information about the quality of irrigation water and hereupon plan their actions. The system is expected to provide useful scientific data and an effective tool towards a policy of rational management of local water resources.
MEASUREMENT OF PREFERENTIAL FLOW DURING INFILTRATION AND EVAPORATION IN POROUS MEDIA
Authors: Papafotiou A. , Schütz C. , Lehmann P. , Vontobel P. , Or D. , Neuweiler I.
Published: January 2017

Infiltration and evaporation are governing processes for water exchange between soil and atmosphere. In addition to atmospheric supply or demand, infiltration and evaporation rates are controlled by the material properties of the subsurface and the interplay between capillary, viscous and gravitational forces. This is commonly modeled with semi-empirical approaches using continuum models, such as the Richards equation for unsaturated flow. However, preferential flow phenomena often occur, limiting or even entirely suspending the applicability of continuum-based models. During infiltration, unstable fingers may form in homogeneous or heterogeneous porous media. On the other hand, the evaporation process may be driven by the hydraulic coupling of materials with different hydraulic functions found in heterogeneous systems. To analyze such preferential flow processes, water distribution was monitored in infiltration and evaporation lab experiments using neutron transmission techniques. Measurements were performed in 2D and 3D, using homogeneous and heterogeneous setups. The experimental findings demonstrate the fingering effect in infiltration and how it is influenced by the presence of fine inclusions in coarse background material. During evaporation processes, the hydraulic coupling effect is found to control the evaporation rate, limiting the modeling of water balances between soil and surface based on surface information alone.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF THE AG. PARASKEVI/TEMPI VALLEY KARSTIC SPRINGS - APPLICATION OF A TRACING TEST FOR RESEARCH OF THE MICROBIAL POLLUTIO (KATO OLYMPOS/NE THESSALY)
Authors: Stamatis G.
Published: January 2017

The study of the Kato Olympos karst system, based on the implementation of tracer tests and hydrochemical analyses, is aimed at the investigation of surface-groundwater interaction, the delineation of the catchment area and the detection of the surface microbial source contamination of the Tempi karst springs. The study area is formed by intensively karstified carbonate rocks, metamorphic formations, Neogene sediments and Quaternary deposits. The significant karst aquifer discharges through karst springs in Tempi valley and in Pinios riverbed. The karst springs present important seasonal fluctuations in discharge rate, moderate mineralization with TDS between 562 to 630 mg/l and they belong to Ca-HCO3 water type. The inorganic pollution indicators, such as Na+, K+, Cl- , NO3 - , NH4 +, PO4 3 , show low concentrations and do not reveal any surface influences. On the other hand, the presence of microbial parameters in karst springs proclaims the high rate of microbial contamination of karst aquifer. Tracer tests reveal hydraulic connection between the surface waters of Xirorema – Rapsani basin and the karst aquifer. The high values of groundwater flow velocity upwards of 200 m/h, show the good karstification rate of the carbonate formations and the cavy structure dominated in the study area, as well as the low self purification capability of the karst aquifer.
COMPILATION OF A UNIFIED AND HOMOGENEOUS AEROMAGNETIC MAP OF THE GREEK MAINLAND
Authors: Chailas S. , Tzanis A. , Kranis H. , Karmis P.
Published: January 2017

We present a unified and homogeneous digital aeromagnetic map of the Hellenic mainland, based on the 1:50,000 map series of IGME. These maps cover the areas A1, A2, B, C1, C2, C3, D1 compiled by Hunting Geology and Geophysics Ltd. and measured at nominal ground clearances (flight altitudes) 150m AGL, 150m AGL, 300m AGL, and 2300m AMSL respectively (part of C2 with 3000m AMSL). We also include the entire area of Northern Greece, measured by ABEM AB with nominal ground clearance 275±75m AGL. The original map sheets were digitally imaged, georeferenced, digitized along contour lines and interpolated onto regular 250´250m grids. The unified aeromagnetic map was constructed by collating the mosaic of the resulting gridded data. Using upward/ downward continuation techniques various homogeneous versions of the map, were compiled by referencing of the observed mosaic total magnetic field to a unique constant ground clearance or to a unique constant elevation above mean sea level. This is the first time there is a complete and unified image of the magnetic signature of the isopic zones and rock formations comprising the Hellenic mainland, with particular reference to the ophiolite suites, which provides additional insight into the Alpine and post-alpine tectonics of the area.
Πολιτισμική διάδραση και θεατρική δημιουργία στη Ζάκυνθο το IH' αιώνα
Authors: Γραμματάς Θόδωρος
Published: January 2017

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Walt Whitman: ένας ισχυρός πρόγονος του Ανδρέα Εμπειρίκου
Authors: Ντουνιά Χριστίνα
Published: January 2017

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Εμμανουήλ Κριαράς, ένας φωτισμένος ψυχαριστής
Authors: Κωνσταντουλάκη-Χάντζου Ιωάννα
Published: January 2017

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0 Πατρός Ινεότης του Γ. Χειμώνα και η γραφή του Joyce
Authors: Βογιατζάκη Εύη
Published: January 2017

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Ο Θεατρικός Χώρος σαν Πολιτιστικό Παράδειγμα: Σύντομη Διαχρονική Αναφορά
Authors: Πατσαλίδης Σάββας
Published: January 2017

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