bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Relación entre la Pobreza y el Crimen Violento en Ecuador: Un Análisis de Variables Socioeconómicas
Authors: Ortega Casquete Yusleidy Solange , Reyna Segura Germania Lisbeth , Yela Burgos Roger Tomas
Published: September 2024

Este estudio analiza meticulosamente la relación entre la pobreza y el crimen violento en Ecuador, utilizando la teoría económica del delito de Becker y la ampliación de Ehrlich, que integran factores socioeconómicos en el análisis de las decisiones delictivas basadas en un análisis racional de costos y beneficios. La metodología adoptada es de enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y longitudinal, utilizando datos de fuentes reconocidas como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito, y el Observatorio Ecuatoriano de Crimen Organizado. El análisis se centró en evaluar las correlaciones entre las variables clave. Los resultados indican una correlación positiva moderada y significativa entre la pobreza y la tasa de homicidios, sugiriendo que el aumento de la pobreza está asociado con un incremento en la criminalidad violenta. Adicionalmente, se observó una correlación negativa moderada entre el presupuesto en educación y los homicidios, lo que sugiere que una mayor inversión en educación podría contribuir a la reducción de la criminalidad. Sin embargo, el gasto en seguridad no mostró una relación significativa con la tasa de homicidios, indicando la necesidad de mejorar la eficiencia de las políticas de seguridad. En conclusión, los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de un enfoque integral que combine la reducción de la pobreza, la disminución de la desigualdad, y la mejora en la educación para abordar eficazmente el crimen violento en Ecuador.
Biosensores ópticos para el monitoreo de fosfato
Authors: Ojeda Rodríguez Ing. Daphne , Contreras Medina Dr. Luis Miguel , Guevara González Dr. Ramón Gerardo , Fernández Jaramillo Dr. Arturo Alfonso
Published: September 2024

Phosphorus is one of the most important elements for the development of life on Earth, being vital for plants, animals and humans. Without it, the basic processes for the development of life, such as photosynthesis and energy use, would be impossible. This is why its monitoring in various areas, for example, in agriculture and medicine, is of utmost importance to know its levels and be able to act assertively. The following article presents biosensors as an interesting alternative for phosphate quantification due to their low cost and high selectivity to the analyte of interest, as well as a compilation of previous works that have developed biosensors through different recognition techniques and transducers.
Senderos del Peñasco: metáfora de una cosmonauta mestiza transfronteriza a través de la danza contemporánea
Authors: Juárez Flores Patricio
Published: September 2024

The present article addresses the aesthetic-political discourse of the contemporary dance piece "Senderos del Peñasco," in which the possibilities of imagining the dancing body as a repository of memories and a site of enunciation are explored. In a creative process guided by a multidisciplinary team, the story of its director and performer as a mestizo woman artist and migrant is the starting point from which a scenic metaphor is elaborated through a dancing body that questions the invisibility and marginalization of certain social groups based on their gender, skin color, and ethnic origin. From an anthropological perspective, the article examines the concepts of the body as a living archive and autobiography as tools for constructing artistic discourses that engage with social reality. The conclusions argue that the exploration of memory through the body provides a space for rethinking and reinterpretation of our stories and that, in the case of contemporary arts, their configuration as aesthetic-political discourses implies other possible ways of exploring and speaking about ourselves.
Arquitectura artificial: nuevas perspectivas y desafíos
Authors: Estrada Vega Hugo Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the working procedures of numerous sectors in recent years, including the field of architecture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of AI on architecture and determine how this technology contributes to the quality of the designs, the efficiency in the elaboration process and its long-term sustainability, since this field is in constant change. The platforms Midjourney, a creative AI, and Architechtures, an AI in development, were taken into account as examples of tools that currently affect the field. Departing from these constructs, advantages in AI use were proposed, such as efficiency and design generation based on parameters, and disadvantages, such as human intervention loss and codependency.
A Comprehensive Review of Open Birth Intervals: Implications for Maternal and Child Health, and Demographic Trends
Authors: Latif Abdul
Published: September 2024

The interval between successive births, known as the birth interval, plays a crucial role in determining maternal and child health outcomes and has significant implications for demographic trends. This review explores the concept of open birth intervals, where births are intentionally spaced without permanent contraception, highlighting their impact on health and population dynamics. Short birth intervals are linked to adverse health outcomes such as low birth weight and preterm birth due to insufficient recovery time between pregnancies. Conversely, longer birth intervals are associated with improved health outcomes, including reduced maternal and infant mortality rates, and lower fertility rates, influencing overall population growth. This review also addresses the determinants of open birth intervals, including socioeconomic status, cultural and religious beliefs, and access to reproductive healthcare services. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive strategies for family planning, such as improving access to services, community-based education, and integrating family planning with healthcare systems. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies to support informed birth spacing decisions and achieve sustainable population growth.
AFRİKADA LAYİQLİ HƏYATI TƏŞVİQ EDƏN QURUM VƏ PROQRAMLARIN HÜQUQİ ƏSASI
Authors:   Academy of the Bar Association of the Republic of Azerbaijan, MƏLƏKXANIM Rəhimova ,   Baku State University
Published: September 2024

The provisions reflected in the normative acts on meeting the daily needs of a person within the framework of adequate standards can be considered fully realized only when they are satisfied in real life. The basis of the implementation of the normative basis of the right to a decent life in the African region, which has been extensively analyzed by the author in our previous research works, is analyzed in the relevant article as the final result through the institutions. The article also classifies the organizational mechanisms operating in the direction of promoting the rights to a decent life in the African region, examines their history, functions, activities in the direction of achieving a decent life, analyzes the implemented relevant programs and plans, and puts forward relevant proposals and recommendations.
YERLİ ÖZÜNÜİDARƏ İDEOLOGİYASININ REALİZƏ EDİLMƏSİNİN İLKİN ŞƏRTLƏRİNİN KONSTİTUSİON-HÜQUQİ FƏRQLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ PROBLEMLƏRİ
Authors:   National Aviation Academy, HÜSEYNOV Sahil
Published: September 2024

Differentiating the initial conditions for the realization of the ideology of local self-government in Western Europe and post-Soviet republics, the position related to the fact that the population of the post-Soviet republics, including the Republic of Azerbaijan, is not ready for the application of the right of local self-government and, as a result, serious obstacles to the implementation of local self-government ideas are justified. It is proposed to recognize the provision regarding the level of preparation for local self-government of the population of the candidate country for membership in the European Charter "On Local Self-Government" as a necessary precondition for concluding the Charter with that country.
¿El papel de la pedagogía crítica en la transformación de los sistemas educativos tradicionales?
Authors: Haro Alexander Fernando
Published: September 2024

La pedagogía crítica en la transformación de los sistemas educativos tradicionales, promoviendo un enfoque educativo que se centra en el cuestionamiento de las estructuras de poder, la promoción de la igualdad social y el fomento del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Uno de los principales exponentes de la pedagogía crítica, Paulo Freire, critica el sistema educativo tradicional al que llama "educación bancaria", en el que los estudiantes son tratados como receptáculos pasivos de conocimiento. Según Freire, este modelo no fomenta el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico ni la capacidad creativa de los estudiantes, sino que refuerza la opresión y la deshumanización inherentes a las estructuras de poder existentes.
Implementation of Five Moments of Hand Hygiene in the Inpatient Wards of Aceh Government General Hospital
Authors: Rahma Fathiya , Kamil Hajjul , Mayasari Putri , Mahdarsari Mayanti , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Every healthcare facility must implement and organize patient safety by developing a service system that applies patient safety standards and six patient safety targets. Five moments of hand washing is one of the efforts to prevent infection in healthcare facilities. Hand hygiene significantly influences patient safety in health care, but not all implementations have been optimal. This case study aimed to describe the implementation of five moments of hand hygiene in the inpatient wards of the Aceh Government General Hospital (RSUD). A quantitative type with a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 28 nurses was employed. The data collection tool used an observation sheet to implement five moments of hand hygiene based on the hospital’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Data analysis used descriptive statistical tests. The results showed that most nurses (57.1%) in the Aceh Government General Hospital inpatient wards had not implemented the five moments of hand hygiene. It is recommended that the first-line manager and Team Leader in the inpatient wards continuously monitor and evaluate the implementation of Five Moments of Hand Hygiene according to the SOP to create safe nursing services for patients and nurses.
The Neoliberal Transformation of Turkish NGOs: A Legitimacy Crisis Perspective
Authors: Küçük Ahmet , Arslan Hakan Murat
Published: September 2024

This research aims to examine the evolution of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Türkiye following the introduction of neoliberal policies, utilizing Habermas's legitimacy crisis theory. The findings demonstrate that neoliberal policies have created a crisis of legitimacy for NGOs, affecting both their institutional legitimacy and the legitimacy of the public sphere. By shedding light on the legitimacy crisis experienced by NGOs, this study provides an original perspective and contributes to understanding the transformation of NGOs in Türkiye. While qualitative text analysis formed the primary methodology, quantitative data was utilized to support qualitative findings with empirically validated results. By triangulating themes from various sources, consistent patterns in the spread of neoliberalism within the civil sphere were identified. However, it is important to note that further research and analysis are needed to fully comprehend the complexities of this topic and its implications for the field of social sciences.
Unusual Case of Chiasmatic Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Bansil Rohit
Published: September 2024

Here, we present an interesting case of a germ-cell tumour arising from the optic chiasma, a location typically associated with gliomas or nerve sheath tumours. This report highlights the rarity of germ-cell tumours in this location and underscores the challenges in diagnosis due to the overlap of symptoms with more common chiasmatic lesions. The case represents the importance of surgical biopsy despite being located at clinically important locations. The crucial change in the adjuvant therapy based on histopathological diagnosis can potentially give patients a good prognosis. Moreover, the case emphasizes the role of timely intervention in improving visual outcomes in paediatric patients.
Are we demeaning whole brain radiation in pursuit of portraying superiority of newer molecules?
Authors: Mondal Dodul
Published: September 2024

Radiotherapy, with its colloquial use, is widely known to be painful and to cause damage to the skin by burning or scarring. This has led to fear, anxiety and aversion among many patients to proceed with radiation many times. Even doctors and oncologists from other specialities sometimes fear the side effects of radiation and do not want to subject their patients to the perils of the treatment and hence, put the patients on some other form of treatment that might be less effective or more expensive. Radiation, however, is a very effective treatment for various cancers with a very tolerable toxicity profile when done at an experienced centre under the supervision of an experienced and properly trained radiation oncologist. In this modern era when everything is technologydriven, radiotherapy also has improved by leaps and bounds with modern linear accelerators having utmost precision being widely available for treatment. Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of various head and neck malignancies, brain tumours, gynaecological malignancies, lung cancer, breast cancer, palliation of skeletal and brain metastases and many more. Apart from achieving palliation, radiation can also decrease the disease burden or at least stabilize it. Achieving adequate local control is also important on many occasions to provide a better quality of life. It is important to understand that even for widespread metastatic disease, the end of life should be respectful, and the way of dying should also be socially and emotionally acceptable both to patients and caregivers. For example, controlling raised intracranial pressure or symptoms arising out of brain metastases should be important in terms of providing a better quality of life.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Murali Sridevi
Published: September 2024

Sarcomatoid carcinoma or spindle cell carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive form of breast cancer. It is characterized by an atypical combination of epithelial and mesenchymal components exhibiting sarcomatoid features. However, due to its rarity, there is limited documentation. Herein, we present the case of a 52-year-old lady who had previously undergone simple mastectomy with axillary nodal clearance for spindle cell neoplasm, which had recurred within a month after primary surgery. The patient subsequently underwent a left-sided wide excision of the recurrent lesion followed by a parascapular flap reconstruction. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide and adriamycin was administered, followed by locoregional radiation therapy. This case report is valuable in providing insights into the management of such uncommon and challenging cases, given the high frequency of recurrence and the difficulties associated with understanding the clinical and morphological features of this disease.
Decision-Making in Complex-Fracture Dislocation of the Hip with Acetabulum Involvement and Sciatic Nerve Palsy
Authors: Mahale Vinay
Published: September 2024

Introduction: An uncommon fracture pattern involves a complex posterior hip dislocation with fractures of the acetabulum and femur neck, accompanied by sciatic nerve palsy. These injuries present with management issues because they are linked to high-velocity trauma. The choice between hip replacement and preservation procedures for middle-aged individuals is controversial. The risks associated with fixation include avascular necrosis (AVN), post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and non-union in the hip necessitating a subsequent total hip replacement (THR) Case Report: : Following a high-velocity trauma, a 33-year-old male patient came to us with complex posterior hip dislocation with acetabulum and femur neck fracture and sciatic nerve palsy. He underwent implant-assisted acetabular reconstruction, sciatic nerve decompression, and acute primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). After 1-year, sciatic nerve recovery was observed thus allowing him to perform his everyday activities with normal locomotion. Conclusion: :Complex posterior hip dislocation with acetabulum and femur neck fracture and sciatic nerve palsy managed with acetabular reconstruction with sciatic nerve exploration and primary THR is a feasible therapeutic option compared to osteosynthesis, despite its rarity. This makes it easier to recover from surgery and prevents additional procedures in case AVN or secondary arthritis develops.
Relative Importance of Various Inflammatory Markers and Their Critical Thresholds for COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Budhiraja Sandeep
Published: September 2024

Background: The management of COVID-19 patients often involves assessing various inflammatory markers. However, it is unclear how the different levels of these markers correlate with mortality risk and which markers are more critical. This study aims to analyse the levels of eight inflammatory markers— C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, interlukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin-I, and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)—and their association with COVID-19 mortality. Methods: Data from 19,852 COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital chain in North India from March 2020 to July 2021 were analysed. Inflammatory marker levels were divided into quintiles for mortality pattern analysis and logistic regression. The distribution of marker levels was compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The relative importance of each marker was evaluated using mortality rates, area under the ROC curves (AUROCs), and odds ratios. Results: Mortality increased with decreasing ALC and rising levels of all other markers, though over 70% survived even with extreme quintile levels. IL-6 had the highest adjusted odds ratio (7.62) at the highest quintile, followed by D-dimer (OR=6.04). LDH had the highest AUROC (0.817), while CPK had the lowest (0.612). No single marker could classify more than 80% of deaths correctly, and multivariable logistic regression only correctly classified mortality in less than 24% of cases. Conclusion: Elevated levels of inflammatory markers and low ALC values were significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. However, no single marker was a definitive predictor of mortality without reaching critical thresholds. Among the markers studied, D-dimer (>192 ng/mL) and IL-6 (>4.5 pg/mL) were most strongly associated with mortality even at moderately elevated levels, while LDH (>433 U/L) and troponin-I (>0.002 ng/mL) were associated with mortality only at high levels. Ferritin showed a modest association, and CPK, CRP, and ALC were relatively poor indicators of mortality risk.
Potentials of Beta-lactam and its Effective use as Anti-cancer and Anti-diabetic Drugs
Authors: Arora Chahat
Published: September 2024

Interest in β (beta)-lactam antibiotics as a class of drugs was started by the discovery of penicillin and the curiosity increases day by day because of the therapeutic importance of β-lactam drugs. β-lactam is commonly referred to as azetidin-2-one known as the multifunctional building block. In the past years, vast literature was collected, and the chemistry of β-lactam has become a mature field by the continuous effort of the researchers. β-lactam antibiotics are one of the most relevant classes of antibacterial drugs known worldwide. The discovery of the first β-lactam antibiotic (Penicillin G) is a symbolic landmark in modern chemotherapy. No new subclass of β-lactams has been discovered in the last thirty years. While research on β-lactams has declined, studies on β-lactams and their derivatives as potent drugs are still ongoing. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss the therapeutic use of β-lactam, especially as an anti-cancer and hypoglycaemic agent.
Severe Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia Leading to Corneal Perforation
Authors: Shah Riya , Kim Jae , Barbosa Joshua , SY Lee Patrick , McDermott Mark
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To highlight the ocular manifestations and complications of severe vitamin A deficiency
Observations: A 42-year-old female with history of alcoholism presented with severe malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, xerosis, and optic neuropathy, which was complicated by corneal perforation.
Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering nutritional deficiencies in patients presenting with chronic visual symptoms. The potential for severe vitamin A deficiency to induce corneal perforation necessitates its consideration in patients harboring risk factors such as alcoholism, inadequate nutritional intake, and conditions associated with malabsorption.
The use of tocilizumab to treat recurrent thyroid eye disease previously treated with teprotumumab
Authors: Pang Omi
Published: September 2024

The use of biologics in the treatment of corticosteroid-resistant thyroid eye disease has increased in popularity over the last several years. Here, we describe a patient with progression of symptoms despite multiple courses of corticosteroids, orbital decompression, and teprotumumab. The patient was successfully treated with tocilizumab and remains clinically stable 18 months status post treatment.
Infiltrative Optic Neuropathy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Negative Bone Marrow Biopsy
Authors: Sevgi Duriye Damla
Published: September 2024

A 46-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission and recent negative bone marrow biopsy was examined for right eye discomfort while inpatient for pancytopenia and cytomegalovirus enteritis. Initial exam showed 20/25 vision in both eyes, mild blurring of the nasal disc margin in the right eye, and a cotton wool spot in the left eye. MRI revealed enlargement and enhancement of the right optic nerve. Five days later, she developed blurry vision and transient positional vision loss in the right eye, with visual acuity declining to 20/40. Repeat exam showed grade 2 optic disc edema with flame hemorrhages, an infiltrative lesion in the right eye. Lumbar puncture revealed 94% blast cells. She was started on corticosteroids, and an Ommaya reservoir was placed for intrathecal chemotherapy. Ophthalmologists should suspect leukemic optic nerve infiltration in ALL patients with optic nerve edema, even after negative bone marrow biopsies.
Success Rate of Thorax Ultrasonography in Assisting Thoracocentesis Action in Clinical Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Respira Lung Hospital Yogyakarta
Authors: Siham Reifqie Fath  , Sudiyono Sudiyono  , Rini Indrati  , Tri Asih Budiati  , Gatot Murti Wibowo
Published: September 2024

The use of X-ray Thorax (XCR Thorax) in assisting thoracocentesis procedures has some limitations. XCR Thorax only provides a two-dimensional image, which may limit the accuracy in determining the exact location for the puncture. In addition, XCR Thorax cannot detect septation or loculation which may affect the success of the thoracocentesis procedure. Thoracic ultrasonography offers advantages in detecting pleural effusion compared to conventional radiographic methods, but has not been standardized in national guidelines. This study aims to see the difference in the success rate of thoracocentesis between the use of thoracic ultrasound guidance and thoracic photo guidance in patients with clinical tuberculosis at Respira Lung Hospital Yogyakarta. This cross-sectional study used a static group comparison approach to compare the success rate of thoracocentesis between two groups at Respira Lung Hospital Yogyakarta: 30 patients with Thorax ultrasound and Thorax photo guidance (Group A) and 30 patients only with Thorax photo guidance (Group B). With a purposive sampling method and analysis using the chi-square test, this study aims to analyze differences in the success rate of thoracocentesis in real clinical conditions without intervening in existing procedures in the hospital. Thoracocentesis with thorax photo plus thorax ultrasound guidance showed a success rate of 100% compared to 66.67% in procedures with thorax X-ray alone (p < 0.001). The results showed that the use of thoracic ultrasound as a thoracocentesis guide had a higher success rate compared to the use of thoracic photo guidance.
KHẢO SÁT QUY TRÌNH SẢN XUẤT BIA THỦ CÔNG TAM GIÁC MẠCH (Fagopyrum esculentum) Ở QUY MÔ PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
Authors: Trần Thị Thanh Tiền  , Nguyễn Tiến An  , Nguyễn Thị Thanh Tịnh
Published: September 2024

Hiện nay, nhu cầu tiêu thụ bia thủ công ở Việt Nam và trên thế giới ngày càng tăng. Nghiên cứu quy trình sản xuất bia thủ công bổ sung malt tam giác mạch (hạt tam giác mạch được ươm mầm) đã bước đầu khảo sát thông số kĩ thuật cơ bản ảnh hưởng đến quá trình sản xuất như quá trình ươm mầm tạo malt tam giác mạch, tỷ lệ bổ sung enzyme thủy phân đường hóa, tỷ lệ phối trộn malt đại mạch và malt tam giác mạch. Kết quả cho thấy điều kiện ủ mầm làm malt tam giác mạch tốt nhất ở nhiệt độ 33 °C trong vòng 48 giờ. Hiệu quả đường hóa cải thiện khi bổ sung 3% enzyme GlucoAmylase GA-260 sau 6 giờ thủy phân. Kết quả đánh giá cảm quan sản phẩm bia đạt điểm cao nhất ở nghiệm thức bổ sung 20% malt tam giác mạch.
Convex Accessibility Polynomial of Graphs
Authors: Luga-Samson Mary Joy , Rasid Regimar , Artes Jr. Rosalio
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we establish some properties of convex accessibility polynomial of graphs. Moreover, we provide results on the convex accessibility polynomial of star graphs and complete bipartite graphs.
Individual perception of different stimuli: Implications for managers
Authors: Santos- Alvarez M.A. , Garcia-Merino M.T. , Vallelado-Gonzalez E.
Published: September 2024

Managerial perception is the process by which managers form an image of the stimuli they receive. According to research, perception is conditioned by the individual's cognitive profile. But the different nature of incoming stimuli suggests that it would be interesting to study whether the cognitive profile's influence varies in the presence of different stimuli. This paper analyses the effect of the cognitive profile on perception of differently-structured stimuli. The results clearly show that the cognitive style, tolerance of ambiguity, and proactivity have an effect. Specifically, they condition the recognition of stimuli, particularly when the stimuli are relatively unstructured. The results also show that the cognitive variables have less influence in the interpretation stage.
Reverse logistics strategic antinomies: the case of the automotive sector
Authors: Blanas G. , Koukoumialos S. , Kylindri S.
Published: September 2024

Legislation plays a major role in the automobile manufacturing sector. The European legislation has a prominent international role in this respect. We examine the impact of the European Parliament, Council (2000) Directive 2000/53/EC on the EU automobile sector reverse logistics activities in the light of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle. We argue that there is an antinomy in the application of the Directive that is supposed to support an EPR strategy. The antinomy is expressed by [1] the absence of the necessary capabilities of Producer Responsibility Organizations (PROs) to advance to higher reverse logistics activities like remanufacturing [2] an indefinite delay of the possibility for transformation of the current forward chain manufacturing model, [3] a stability in the strategic group formation of the European automobile manufacturing sector that prevents the further diffusion of manufacturing and remanufacturing capabilities within EU with profound positive economic impacts in favour of the industrialized countries with a strong automotive manufacturing sector and negative impacts to less industrialized countries. We also argue that the proper application of the EPR strategy is in favour of established EU manufacturers and can act as a barrier to entry for non-European firms.
An evolutionary algorithm for a real vehicle routing problem
Authors: Adamidis P. , Voliotis C. , Pliatsika E.
Published: September 2024

The NP-hard Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is central in the optimisation of distribution networks. Its main objective is to determine a set of vehicle trips of minimum total cost. The ideal schedule will efficiently exploit the company's recourses, service all customers and satisfy the given (mainly daily) constraints. There have been many attempts to solve this problem with conventional techniques but applied to small-scale simplified problems. This is due to the complexity of the problem and the large volume of data to be processed. Evolutionary Algorithms are search and optimization techniques that are capable of confronting that kind of problems and reach a good feasible solution in a reasonable period of time. In this paper we develop an Evolutionary Algorithm in order to solve the VRP of a specific transportation company in Volos, Greece with different vehicle capacities. The algorithm has been tested with different configurations and constraints, and proved to be effective in reaching a satisfying solution for the company's needs.
TÜRKÇE İÇİN SÖZDİZİM AĞACI ÜRETİCİ
Authors: Özgen Murat , Aktaş Özlem , Özgen Cansel , Yenal Öykün , Birant Çağdaş Can
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırma, Evrensel Dilbilgisi çerçevesinde ele alınan başat türetimci kuramlar çerçevesinde Türkçe sözdizim ağaçlarını otomatik olarak oluşturmayı hedefleyen bir algoritmanın sonlanmış biçimidir. Bu anlamda Chomsky (1965, 1981, 1995, 2000 ve izleyen çalışmaları) çerçevesinde biçimlenen sözdizimsel araç ve düzenekler, program koduna işlenmiştir. Bulgular arasında yer alan adcıl uyumlu içtümceler çalışma kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Bunun nedeni, adcıl uyum taşıyan tümcelerde yer alan görünümler üzerine alanyazında halihazırda bir uzlaşma sağlanamamış olmasıdır. Bu anlamda, kullanıcılar arayüzün solunda yer alacak olan biçimlendirme çubuğundaki işlemleri kullanarak işlerini görecek olan değişiklikleri ağaçlara uygulayabilecektir. Tümce ağaçlarının son biçimlenmelerini Office Word ya da Latex gibi ortamlara aktarmak isteyen kullanıcılar için farklı kaydet ya da "... biçiminde kaydet" seçenekleri bulunmaktadır.
Skolem Number of Subgraphs on the Triangular Lattice
Authors: Carrigan Braxton , Green Garrett
Published: September 2024

A Skolem sequence can be thought of as a labelled path where any two vertices with the same label are that distance apart. This concept has naturally been generalized to graph labelling. This brings rise to the question; “what is the smallest set of consecutive positive integers we can use to properly Skolem label a graph?” This is known as the Skolem number of the graph. In this paper we give the Skolem number for three natural vertex induced subgraphs of the triangular lattice graph.
Penggunaan Teknik Struktur Ayat(SKOP) dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penulisan Bahasa Melayu Tahap 2 : Analisis Persepsi Guru
Authors: Ng Ching Yee
Published: September 2024

Kajian ini meneliti keberkesanan Teknik Struktur Ayat SKOP dalam pengajaran penulisan Bahasa Melayu bagi murid Tahap 2 di sebuah sekolah rendah di Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Penulisan merupakan kemahiran asas yang penting, namun penguasaan tatabahasa dan penulisan yang tepat masih menjadi cabaran. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai persepsi guru terhadap Teknik Struktur Ayat SKOP serta keberkesanannya dalam meningkatkan kemahiran penulisan murid. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui soal selidik berskala Likert 5 mata dan ujian pra serta pasca untuk menilai kemahiran penulisan murid. Sampel kajian melibatkan 7 orang guru dan 338 orang murid Tahap 2, di mana intervensi SKOP dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan. Analisis min dan median menunjukkan kebanyakan item dalam soal selidik berada pada nilai yang hampir konsisten dengan skala 4 (Setuju), mencerminkan persepsi positif guru terhadap penggunaan teknik ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan peningkatan yang ketara dalam pencapaian penulisan murid Tahun 4, 5, dan 6, dengan peningkatan sebanyak 68.57% bagi murid Tahun 4, 24.60% bagi Tahun 5, dan 13.85% bagi Tahun 6. Data ini memberikan bukti empirik bahawa Teknik Struktur Ayat SKOP berkesan dalam membantu murid menyusun dan memahami struktur ayat, seterusnya meningkatkan kecekapan penulisan mereka. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar teknik ini diteruskan dan diperluaskan dalam kurikulum Bahasa Melayu, serta memberi implikasi penting kepada pendidik dan pembuat dasar untuk memperbaiki kemahiran penulisan murid di Malaysia secara lebih menyeluruh.
THU THẬP CHỨNG CỨ ĐIỆN TỬ TRONG TỐ TỤNG HÌNH SỰ VIỆT NAM
Authors: Thanh Lê Nguyên
Published: September 2024

To collect electronic evidence, persons authorized to conduct criminal proceedings can use investigative measures specified in the Criminal Procedure Code including search, scene examination, electronic data assessment, evidence reception, special procedural investigative measures. The article analyzes legal issues related to electronic evidence collection procedures and proposes solutions for improvement.
CHỨNG CỨ ĐƯỢC THU THẬP BỞI HÀNH VI BẤT HỢP PHÁP TRONG TỐ TỤNG TRỌNG TÀI – MỘT SỐ ĐỀ XUẤT NHẰM SỬA ĐỔI, BỔ SUNG LUẬT TRỌNG TÀI THƯƠNG MẠI TRONG THỜI KỲ CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ
Authors: Nguyễn Hoàng Thái Hy , Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương
Published: September 2024

Due to technological advancements, information may now be saved using modern methods, eliminating the need for hardware devices. This information is susceptible to be targeted by hackers due to its high value. Thus, an important question arises as to whether the parties submitting this information can be received by the arbitral tribunal as evidence for settlement. This paper concentrates on identifying suitable and essential frameworks to address such question, providing recommendations for amending the 2010 Vietnam Commercial Arbitration Law. These suggestions aim to empower arbitration tribunals to proactively address issues related to evidence in general, electronic evidence in particular, and specifically tackle concerns related to this type of evidence, notably evidence linked to illegal conduct, throughout the arbitral proceedings.
Sur les routes de « l’Amérique française »
Authors: Lak Zishad , Landry Pierre-Luc
Published: September 2024

Cet article examine les stratégies narratives et discursives du métissage et de l’auto-autochtonisation dans le roman Volkswagen Blues de l’écrivain québécois Jacques Poulin, publié en 1984, représentatif du courant transculturel. Bien que l’autochtonie ne soit pas directement revendiquée par le personnage allochtone francophone du roman, le récit dissimule le colonialisme de peuplement en réaffirmant le mythe de l’Amérique française, reléguant les peuples autochtones à un passé préhistorique, et propose, par le recours aux « indices flottants » d’autochtonie, une origine française à l’Amérique du Nord.
Body donation laws and practices within the perspective of future European taphonomy research
Authors: Froch Agnieszka , Osmenda Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Authors of this article discussed different body donation laws and practices on the example of two selected countries conducting the decomposition research – the United States and the Netherlands, and one country where such an initiative still remains unlawful – Poland. The formal-dogmatic approach with both the legislative and secondary sources research has been applied by the Authors hereinafter. In 2023, Authors of the paper conducted a preliminary research at the Forensic Investigation Research Station (FIRS) in Grand Junction, Colorado, with a purpose of assessing the viability of a decomposition facility in Poland. Various legal solutions regarding whole body donation were investigated in order to highlight their strengths and weaknesses, not only within the perspective of future taphonomy research, but also as for one’s autonomy. Each section of the paper explores the legal basis for body donation and body donation programs (BDPs) of different universities. Section one of the article provides a general understanding of organ and tissue donation, as well as whole body donation. Part two refers to body donation in the United States and includes the analysis of the Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act and body donation program on the example of the FIRS. Part three explores body donation laws in the Netherlands, as well as body donation program of the Amsterdam Research Initiative for Sub-surface Taphonomy and Anthropology (ARISTA). Section four, on the other hand, not only introduces Polish body donation laws, such as the Cemeteries and Burial Act or selected orders of the Ministry, but also presents general characteristics of medical universities BDPs and their most common provisions. Finally, after comparing presumed consent and informed consent legal frameworks, authors draw the conclusion about the (in)sufficiency of body donation laws in Poland, and highlight the necessity to increase social awareness as regards both body donation issues and taphonomy research itself.
Improved inference of population histories by integrating genomic and epigenomic data
Authors: Sellinger Thibaut , Johannes Frank , Tellier Aurélien
Published: September 2024

With the availability of high-quality full genome polymorphism (SNPs) data, it becomes feasible to study the past demographic and selective history of populations in exquisite detail. However, such inferences still suffer from a lack of statistical resolution for recent, for example bottlenecks, events, and/or for populations with small nucleotide diversity. Additional heritable (epi)genetic markers, such as indels, transposable elements, microsatellites, or cytosine methylation, may provide further, yet untapped, information on the recent past population history. We extend the Sequential Markovian Coalescent (SMC) framework to jointly use SNPs and other hyper-mutable markers. We are able to (1) improve the accuracy of demographic inference in recent times, (2) uncover past demographic events hidden to SNP-based inference methods, and (3) infer the hyper-mutable marker mutation rates under a finite site model. As a proof of principle, we focus on demographic inference in Arabidopsis thaliana using DNA methylation diversity data from 10 European natural accessions. We demonstrate that segregating single methylated polymorphisms (SMPs) satisfy the modeling assumptions of the SMC framework, while differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are not suitable as their length exceeds that of the genomic distance between two recombination events. Combining SNPs and SMPs while accounting for site- and region-level epimutation processes, we provide new estimates of the glacial age bottleneck and post-glacial population expansion of the European A. thaliana population. Our SMC framework readily accounts for a wide range of heritable genomic markers, thus paving the way for next-generation inference of evolutionary history by combining information from several genetic and epigenetic markers.
N-Terminus of Drosophila Melanogaster MSL1 Is Critical for Dosage Compensation
Authors: Babosha Valentin , Klimenko Natalia , Revel-Muroz Anastasia , Tikhonova Evgeniya , Georgiev Pavel , Maksimenko Oksana
Published: September 2024

The male-specific lethal complex (MSL), which consists of five proteins and two non-coding roX RNAs, is involved in the transcriptional enhancement of X-linked genes to compensate for the sex chromosome monosomy in
Drosophila
XY males compared with XX females. The MSL1 and MSL2 proteins form the heterotetrameric core of MSL complex and are critical for the specific recruitment of the complex to the high-affinity “entry” sites (HAS) on the X chromosome. In this study, we demonstrated that the N-terminal region of MSL1 is critical for stability and functions of MSL1. Amino acid deletions and substitutions in the N-terminal region of MSL1 strongly affect both the interaction with roX2 RNA and the MSL complex binding to HAS on the X chromosome. In particular, substitution of the conserved N-terminal amino-acids 3-7 in MSL1 (MSL1
GS
) affects male viability similar to the inactivation of genes encoding roX RNAs. In addition, MSL1
GS
binds to promoters such as MSL1
WT
but does not co-bind with MSL2 and MSL3 to X chromosomal HAS. However, overexpression of MSL2 partially restores the dosage compensation. Thus, the interaction of MSL1 with roX RNA is critical for the efficient assembly of the MSL complex on HAS of the male X chromosome.
S-acylation of NLRP3 provides a nigericin sensitive gating mechanism that controls access to the Golgi
Authors: Williams Daniel M , Peden Andrew A
Published: September 2024

NLRP3 is an inflammasome seeding pattern recognition receptor activated in response to multiple danger signals which perturb intracellular homeostasis. Electrostatic interactions between the NLRP3 polybasic (PB) region and negatively charged lipids on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) have been proposed to recruit NLRP3 to the TGN. In this study, we demonstrate that membrane association of NLRP3 is critically dependant on S-acylation of a highly conserved cysteine residue (Cys-130), which traps NLRP3 in a dynamic S-acylation cycle at the Golgi, and a series of hydrophobic residues preceding Cys-130 which act in conjunction with the PB region to facilitate Cys-130 dependent Golgi enrichment. Due to segregation from Golgi localised thioesterase enzymes caused by a nigericin induced breakdown in Golgi organisation and function, NLRP3 becomes immobilised on the Golgi through reduced de-acylation of its Cys-130 lipid anchor, suggesting that disruptions in Golgi homeostasis are conveyed to NLRP3 through its acylation state. Thus, our work defines a nigericin sensitive S-acylation cycle that gates access of NLRP3 to the Golgi.
Altered firing output of VIP interneurons and early dysfunctions in CA1 hippocampal circuits in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Michaud Felix , Francavilla Ruggiero , Topolnik Dimitry , Iloun Parisa , Tamboli Suhel , Calon Frederic , Topolnik Lisa
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to progressive memory decline, and alterations in hippocampal function are among the earliest pathological features observed in human and animal studies. GABAergic interneurons (INs) within the hippocampus coordinate network activity, among which type 3 interneuron-specific (I-S3) cells expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calretinin play a crucial role. These cells provide primarily disinhibition to principal excitatory cells (PCs) in the hippocampal CA1 region, regulating incoming inputs and memory formation. However, it remains unclear whether AD pathology induces changes in the activity of I-S3 cells, impacting the hippocampal network motifs. Here, using young adult 3xTg-AD mice, we found that while the density and morphology of I-S3 cells remain unaffected, there were significant changes in their firing output. Specifically, I-S3 cells displayed elongated action potentials and decreased firing rates, which was associated with a reduced inhibition of CA1 INs and their higher recruitment during spatial decision-making and object exploration tasks. Furthermore, the activation of CA1 PCs was also impacted, signifying early disruptions in CA1 network functionality. These findings suggest that altered firing patterns of I-S3 cells might initiate early-stage dysfunction in hippocampal CA1 circuits, potentially influencing the progression of AD pathology.
Dysfunction of Calcyphosine-Like gene impairs retinal angiogenesis through the MYC axis and is associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Li Shujin , Yang Mu , Ma Jie , Liu Lu , Fei Ping , Xiang Qianchun , Huang Lulin , Zhao Peiquan , Yang Zhenglin , Zhu Xianjun
Published: September 2024

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a severe genetic disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization of the peripheral retina and associated symptoms that can lead to vision loss. However, the underlying genetic causes of approximately 50% of FEVR cases remain unknown. Here, we report two heterozygous variants in calcyphosine-like gene (CAPSL) that is associated with FEVR. Both variants exhibited compromised CAPSL protein expression. Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-specific inactivation of Capsl resulted in delayed radial/vertical vascular progression, compromised endothelial proliferation/migration, recapitulating the human FEVR phenotypes. CAPSL-depleted human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) exhibited impaired tube formation, decreased cell proliferation, disrupted cell polarity establishment, and filopodia/lamellipodia formation, as well as disrupted collective cell migration. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that CAPSL abolition inhibited the MYC signaling axis, in which the expression of core MYC targeted genes were profoundly decreased. Furthermore, a combined analysis of CAPSL-depleted HRECs and c-MYC-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells uncovered similar transcription patterns. Collectively, this study reports a novel FEVR-associated candidate gene, CAPSL, which provides valuable information for genetic counseling of FEVR. This study also reveals that compromised CAPSL function may cause FEVR through MYC axis, shedding light on the potential involvement of MYC signaling in the pathogenesis of FEVR.
Onomastic analysis of cats’ given names
Authors: Jaber Maisa S.
Published: September 2024

This study was designed to investigate cats’ given names in an Arabic-speaking community of Jordan. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed or displayed on the Facebook page Ask Jordan. A number of 153 names were collected, studies analyzed and then categorized. The results reveal that, in Jordan, the names of cats fall into different categories classified in accordance with the cat’s physical appearance, a cartoon or a movie character, the cat’s gender, a classic name, a new name, and a circumstantial name. The results also reveal a difference between names of stray cats and purebred house cats. The study ends with a recommendation for further studies to analyze names of pet cats in other countries.
Mínimos máximos: el valor enfático de las expresiones minimizadoras
Authors: San Segundo Cachero Rosabel
Published: September 2024

El uso de expresiones minimizadoras en contextos de polaridad negativa es una estrategia pragmática para incrementar la relevancia de un enunciado. Los minimizadores constituyen el punto más bajo de una escala pragmática que se construye inferencialmente a partir de los supuestos manejados por el hablante y que resulta negada en su totalidad al ser negado el punto más bajo. En este trabajo se presenta una clasificación general sintácticosemántica de las expresiones minimizadoras en el español peninsular y se explican dos propiedades fundamentales, la sensibilidad a la polaridad negativa y la escalaridad, cuya interacción genera procesos inferenciales que aportan una información extra al enunciado y aumentan su relevancia.