bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of deep rolling parameters on surface integrity of LZ50 axles
Authors: Fu Hao , Liu Yan , Xu Qian , Yan Xiulin , Yang Guiying , Chen Hui
Published: October 2019

Deep rolling is a surface treatment method by which a hydraulically controlled ball produces a specific pressure on material surface, causing plastic deformation and introducing compressive residual stresses. In this paper, LZ50 steel which is often used as high speed train axle is treated by deep rolling. Surface morphology was observed, and roughness, microhardness and residual stress were measured. Effects of deep rolling parameters (pressure, feed speed, speed, number of runs) on the surface integrity of LZ50 axles were studied systematically. The results show that the surface roughness decreases obviously after deep rolling compared with the original surface. The feed speed has greater influence than other parameters on surface roughness. The minimum roughness (Ra) can decrease to 0.14 [Formula: see text]m. The surface layer of LZ50 deforms in different degrees. Meanwhile, the surface stress state of LZ50 changes from tensile stress to compressive stress after deep rolling. The maximum residual compressive stress is 862 MPa. The main influence factor is pressure. However, for LZ50 axle, the surface hardness does not change significantly after deep rolling.
The new soliton wave solutions of conformable time-fractional Rosenau–Kawahara-RLW equation
Authors: Sahoo S. , Ray S. Saha
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the new exact solutions have been studied for conformable time-fractional Rosenau–Kawahara-RLW (RK-RLW) equation. One of the most relevant and precise analytical methods has been employed here for generating new exact solutions of conformable time-fractional RK-RLW equation. Also, the properties of conformable fractional derivative have been used for reduction of conformable time-fractional RK-RLW equation. Furthermore, the nature of the solutions with physical explanation has been presented.
Investigating the Impact of Image Content on the Energy Efficiency of Hardware-accelerated Digital Spatial Filters
Authors: Raval Rajkumar K. , Badii Atta
Published: October 2019

Battery-operated low-power portable computing devices are becoming an inseparable part of human daily life. One of the major goals is to achieve the longest battery life in such a device. Additionally, the need for performance in processing multimedia content is ever increasing. Processing image and video content consume more power than other applications. A widely used approach to improving energy efficiency is to implement the computationally intensive functions as digital hardware accelerators. Spatial filtering is one of the most commonly used methods of digital image processing. As per the Fourier theory, an image can be considered as a two-dimensional signal that is composed of spatially extended two-dimensional sinusoidal patterns called gratings. Spatial frequency theory states that sinusoidal gratings can be characterised by its spatial frequency, phase, amplitude, and orientation. This article presents results from our investigation into assessing the impact of these characteristics of a digital image on the energy efficiency of hardware-accelerated spatial filters employed to process the same image. Two greyscale images each of size 128 × 128 pixels comprising two-dimensional sinusoidal gratings at maximum spatial frequency of 64 cycles per image orientated at 0° and 90°, respectively, were processed in a hardware implemented Gaussian smoothing filter. The energy efficiency of the filter was compared with the baseline energy efficiency of processing a featureless plain black image. The results show that energy efficiency of the filter drops to 12.5% when the gratings are orientated at 0° whilst rises to 72.38% at 90°.
Municipal Bond Markets
Authors: Cestau Dario , Hollifield Burton , Li Dan , Schürhoff Norman
Published: October 2019

The effective functioning of the municipal bond market is crucial for the provision of public services, as it is the largest capital market for state and municipal issuers. Prior research has documented tax, credit, liquidity, and segmentation effects in municipal bonds. Recent regulatory initiatives to improve transparency have made granular trade data available to researchers, rendering the municipal bond market a natural laboratory for the study of financial intermediation, asset pricing in decentralized markets, and local public finance. Trade-by-trade studies have found large trading costs, contemporaneous price dispersion, and other deviations from the law of one price. More research is required to understand optimal market design and the impact of post-crisis regulation, sustainability, and financial technology.
Intrauterine low-protein diet aggravates developmental abnormalities of the urinary system via the Akt/Creb3 pathway in Robo2 mutant mice
Authors: Yu Minghui , Tan Lihong , Li Yaxin , Chen Jing , Zhai Yihui , Rao Jia , Fang Xiaoyan , Wu Xiaohui , Xu Hong , Shen Qian
Published: October 2019

The offspring of Robo2 mutant mice usually present with variable phenotypes of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). An intrauterine low-protein diet can also cause CAKUT in offspring, dominated by the duplicated collecting system phenotype. A single genetic or environment factor can only partially explain the pathogenesis of CAKUT. The present study aimed to establish an intrauterine low-protein diet roundabout 2 ( Robo2) mutant mouse model and found that the intrauterine low-protein diet led to significantly increased CAKUT phenotypes in Robo2PB/+ mice offspring, dominant by a duplicated collecting system. At the same time, more ectopic and lower located ureteric buds (UBs) were observed in the intrauterine low-protein diet-fed Robo2 mutant mouse model, and the number of UB branches was reduced in the serum-free culture. During UB protrusion, intrauterine low-protein diet reduced the expression of Slit2/Robo2 in Robo2 mutant mice and affected the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor/Ret, which is a key molecule for metanephric development, with increasing phospho-Akt and phospho-cAMP responsive element-binding protein 3 activity and a reduction of apoptotic cells in embryonic day 11.5 UB tissues. The mechanism by which an intrauterine low-protein diet aggravates CAKUT in Robo2 mutant mice may be related to the disruption of Akt/cAMP responsive element-binding protein 3 signaling and a reduction in apoptosis in UB tissue.
Trueness and Precision of Two Intraoral Scanners: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Rotar Raul Nicolae , Jivanescu Anca , Ille Codruta , Podariu Angela Codruta , Jumanca Daniela Elisabeta , Matichescu Ana-Maria , Balean Octavia , Rusu Laura Cristina
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two intraoral scanners used in the dental office. A molar fixed in a typodont was prepared for a ceramic onlay. The preparation was scanned using a high-resolution scanner (reference scanner) and saved as stereolithography (STL) format. The prepared resin molar was scanned again using the intraoral scanners, and all the scans were saved as well in STL format. All STL files were compared using metrology software (Geomagic Control X). Overlapping the meshes allowed the assessment of the scans in terms of trueness and precision. Based on the results of this study, the differences of trueness and precision between the intraoral scanners were minimal.
AT1R-Mediated Apoptosis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Associated with mtROS Production and mtDNA Reduction
Authors: Zhang Fenxi , Dong Zimei , Gao Shuai , Chen Guangwen , Liu Dezeng
Published: October 2019

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is used as an inducer for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Whether the commonly used doses of Ang II for MSC differentiation affect cell apoptosis has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ang II on the apoptosis of bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), and its relations to the activation of Ang II receptor-1- (AT1R-) signaling, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage. AT1R expression in BMMSCs was identified by immunostaining and Western-blotting assays. BMMSC viability was measured by MTT assay following exposure to 1 nM~1 mM Ang II for 12 hours. Cell apoptosis, mtROS, and mtDNA levels were detected by FAM-FLICA® Poly Caspase, MitoSOX™ superoxide, and PicoGreen staining, respectively. The expressions of Bcl2 and Bax were measured by Western-blotting assays. Next, we used losartan to block AT1R-signaling and subsequently measured apoptosis, mtROS, and mtDNA levels, again. The maximum viability of BMMSCs was in response to 100 nM Ang II, after that it began to decrease with the increase of Ang II doses, indicating that Ang II (≧1μM) may cause apoptosis of BMMSCs. As expected, 1μM and 10 μM Ang II both caused BMMSC apoptosis. Furthermore, 1μM and 10 μM Ang II could also induce mtROS generation and cause a marked mtDNA leakage. The application of losartan markedly inhibited Ang II-induced mtROS production, mtDNA leakage, and BMMSC apoptosis. In conclusion, the activation of AT1R-signaling stimulates apoptosis of BMMSCs, which is associated mtROS production and mtDNA reduction.
Dynamical Modelling and Robust Control for an Unmanned Aerial Robot Using Hexarotor with 2-DOF Manipulator
Authors: Ding Li , Wu Hongtao
Published: October 2019

The robust control issues in trajectory tracking of an unmanned aerial robot (UAR) are challenging tasks due to strong parametric uncertainties, large nonlinearities, and high couplings in robot dynamics. This paper investigates the dynamical modelling and robust control of an aerial robot using a hexarotor with a 2-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator in a complex aerial environment. Firstly, the kinematic model and dynamic model of the aerial robot are developed by the Euler-Lagrange method. Afterwards, a linear active disturbance rejection control is designed for the robot to achieve a high-accuracy trajectory tracking goal under heavy lumped disturbances. In this control scheme, the modelling uncertainties and external disturbances are estimated by a linear extended state observer, and the high tracking precision is guaranteed by a proportion-differentiation (PD) feedback control law. Meanwhile, an artificial intelligence algorithm is applied to adjust the control parameters and ensure that the state variables of the robot converge to the references smoothly. Furthermore, it requires no detailed knowledge of the bounds on unknown dynamical parameters. Lastly, numerical simulations and experiments validate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed method.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Cuttings‐Carrying for Reverse Circulation Horizontal Directional Drilling with Dual Drill Pipes
Authors: Kong Lingrong , Wang Yu , Wu Bohong , Wang Zhiqiao
Published: October 2019

In the past decades, horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been successfully used to install various pipelines in different strata. However, construction accidents such as drill‐burying and drill‐sticking occur occasionally when pipelines installed by HDD method in an unstable stratum such as sand cobble stratum. Recently, HDD with dual drill pipes was used to install pipelines in unstable stratum, and the effect is significant. The law of cuttings migration for HDD with dual drill pipes is still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the law of cuttings migration in reverse circulation with dual drill pipes. This study performs numerical simulations and experimental research on the cuttings‐carrying process in reverse circulation directional drilling with dual drill pipes. Based on the assumption of dual concentric pipes, simulations of fluid‐solid two‐phase flows are conducted in different flow channels between the inner and outer drill pipes. An experimental cuttings‐carrying model is then established. By combining the results of the numerical simulations and experimental investigation, the hydraulic parameters of the dual drill pipe system are optimized, and the rationalities of the drill tool design and the grading selection are validated. The results of this study provide a reference cuttings‐carrying model during reverse circulation HDD with dual drill pipes.
Study on the Relationship between Stress and Charge of Coal Mass under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Wang Gang , Pan Yishan , Xiao Xiaochun , Wu Di , Zhao Hongrui , Wang Aiwen , Ding Xin
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a new method to identify the stress concentration degree and stress distribution characteristics in front of working face in coal mine, based on the close relationship between charge and stress during fracture of coal mass. This method overcomes many disadvantages of conventional stress‐monitored methods. First, the stress and charge relationship of coal mass was established through damage theory and statistical strength theory. Then, the relationship between stress and charge was studied by a laboratory test, and finally, the field charge monitoring test was performed. The results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between loading stress (σ) and cumulative charge (Q), which can be represented by polynomials. The fitting results of the laboratory test between σ and Q conform to a cubic polynomial function, Q = aσ3 + bσ2 + cσ + d. It verifies the rationality of the theoretical relationship formula. The field monitoring results show that average charge is great and cumulative charge changes from rapid upward to sharp upward before roof falling. The magnitude and position of average charge and the upward trend of cumulative charge can be used to identify the stress concentration and stress distribution in front of working face, and the abnormal stress area can be predicted. The results can provide certain guidance for the forecast of rock burst in coal mine.
Radiotherapy Eradicates Malignant T Cells and Is Associated with Improved Survival in Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: O'Malley John T. , de Masson Adele , Lowry Elizabeth L. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Larocca Cecilia , Gehad Ahmed , Seger Edward , Teague Jessica E. , Fisher David C. , Kupper Thomas S. , Devlin Phillip M. , Clark Rachael A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Mycosis fungoides is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Skin-directed treatments often improve but do not cure mycosis fungoides skin lesions. The purpose of this study was to (i) assess whether remission was associated with malignant T-cell clone depletion at treated sites using either low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT, 8 Gy) or topical steroids and (ii) assess whether a clone-ablative therapy, like LDRT, is associated with overall survival in patients with high-risk early-stage CTCL.

Experimental Design:

Pre- and posttreatment biopsies from 20 lesional skin samples of 18 patients with mycosis fungoides who received either 8 Gy LDRT (n = 16) or topical steroids (n = 4) underwent high-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing of the TCRB gene to quantify the malignant T-cell clone. For the retrospective chart review, overall survival of 47 high-risk early-stage patients was compared between patients who did or did not receive radiation.

Results:

LDRT eradicated the clone in 5 of 16 lesions and reduced it >90% in 11 of 16; there were no recurrences in these lesions. Patients treated with topical steroids appeared to clinically improve, but the malignant clone persisted. We found that the number of residual malignant T cells predicted lesion recurrence. A retrospective review showed that early-stage high-risk patients who received radiation as part of their treatment regimen had prolonged overall survival compared with patients who did not.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that LDRT can eradicate malignant T cells in mycosis fungoides, provides robust disease control, and is associated with improved survival in high-risk early-stage patients.
Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Activates AKT/mTOR Signaling and Promotes T-Cell Lymphoma Viability
Authors: Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Rolland Delphine C.M. , Polk Avery , Wolfe Ashley , Dewar Hiran , Chowdhury Pinki , Onder Ozlem , Dewar Rajan , Brown Noah A. , Bailey Nathanael G. , Inamdar Kedar , Lim Megan S. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S.J. , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are clinically aggressive and usually fatal, as few complete or durable remissions are achieved with currently available therapies. Recent evidence supports a critical role for lymphoma-associated macrophages during T-cell lymphoma progression, but the specific signals involved in the cross-talk between malignant T cells and their microenvironment are poorly understood. Colony-stimulator factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, CD115) is required for the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Interestingly, its aberrant expression has been reported in a subset of tumors. In this article, we evaluated its expression and oncogenic role in T-cell lymphomas.

Experimental Design:

Loss-of-function studies, including pharmacologic inhibition with a clinically available tyrosine kinase inhibitor, pexidartinib, were performed in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, proteomic and genomic screenings were performed to discover signaling pathways that are activated downstream of CSF1R signaling.

Results:

We observed that CSF1R is aberrantly expressed in many T-cell lymphomas, including a significant number of peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), in an autocrine or paracrine-dependent manner, leads to CSF1R autophosphorylation and activation in malignant T cells. Furthermore, CSF1R signaling was associated with significant changes in gene expression and in the phosphoproteome, implicating PI3K/AKT/mTOR in CSF1R-mediated T-cell lymphoma growth. We also demonstrated that inhibition of CSF1R in vivo and in vitro models is associated with decreased T-cell lymphoma growth.

Conclusions:

Collectively, these findings implicate CSF1R in T-cell lymphomagenesis and have significant therapeutic implications.
Macrophage-Derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 Are Required for Antitumor Immune Responses Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: House Imran G. , Savas Peter , Lai Junyun , Chen Amanda X.Y. , Oliver Amanda J. , Teo Zhi L. , Todd Kirsten L. , Henderson Melissa A. , Giuffrida Lauren , Petley Emma V. , Sek Kevin , Mardiana Sherly , Gide Tuba N. , Quek Camelia , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. , Wilmott James S. , Loi Sherene , Darcy Phillip K. , Beavis Paul A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB; anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4) correlate with the extent of tumor immune infiltrate, but the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of T cells following therapy are poorly characterized. A greater understanding of these processes may see the development of therapeutic interventions that enhance T-cell recruitment and, consequently, improved patient outcomes. We therefore investigated the chemokines essential for immune cell recruitment and subsequent therapeutic efficacy of these immunotherapies.

Experimental Design:

The chemokines upregulated by dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade were assessed using NanoString-based analysis with results confirmed at the protein level by flow cytometry and cytometric bead array. Blocking/neutralizing antibodies confirmed the requirement for key chemokines/cytokines and immune effector cells. Results were confirmed in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors using single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and paired survival analyses.

Results:

The CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were significantly upregulated following dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade and both CD8+ T-cell infiltration and therapeutic efficacy were CXCR3 dependent. In both murine models and patients undergoing immunotherapy, macrophages were the predominant source of CXCL9 and their depletion abrogated CD8+ T-cell infiltration and the therapeutic efficacy of dual ICB. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of patient tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) revealed that CXCL9/10/11 was predominantly expressed by macrophages following ICB and we identified a distinct macrophage signature that was associated with positive responses to ICB.

Conclusions:

These data underline the fundamental importance of macrophage-derived CXCR3 ligands for the therapeutic efficacy of ICB and highlight the potential of manipulating this axis to enhance patient responses.
p.G360R Is a Pathogenic GLA Gene Mutation Responsible for a Classic Phenotype of Fabry Disease
Authors: Carvalho Silva Daniela Marisa , Marques Nuno , Azevedo Olga , Miltenberger-Miltenyi Gabriel , Bento Dina , Guedes João , Azevedo Pedro , Bispo João , Mota Teresa , Fernandes Raquel , Nzwalo Hipólito , Cabrita Ana , Ramos André , de Jesus Ilídio
Published: October 2019

The authors report the case of a classic phenotype of Fabry disease in a 60-year-old male patient presenting with left ventricular hypertrophy and stroke. Genetic analysis revealed 2 GLA-gene variants, i.e., p.R356Q and p.G360R. This clinical case highlights that the finding of 2 or more GLA gene variants in a Fabry patient should lead to a careful evaluation in order to determine their exact role in the condition. This case also provides the first clinical evidence that the p.G360R mutation is pathogenic and responsible for a classic phenotype of Fabry disease. The clinical improvement following the initiation of enzyme replacement therapy reinforces the importance of Fabry disease awareness and diagnosis in patients exhibiting red flags, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and stroke.
Estimating Additive Interaction Effect in Stratified Two-Phase Case-Control Design
Authors: Ni Ai , Satagopan Jaya M.
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims: There is considerable interest in epidemiology to estimate an additive interaction effect between two risk factors in case-control studies. An additive interaction is defined as the differential reduction in absolute risk associated with one factor between different levels of the other factor. A stratified two-phase case-control design is commonly used in epidemiology to reduce the cost of assembling covariates. It is crucial to obtain valid estimates of the model parameters by accounting for the underlying stratification scheme to obtain accurate and precise estimates of additive interaction effects. The aim of this paper is to examine the properties of different methods for estimating model parameters and additive interaction effects under a stratified two-phase case-control design. Methods: Using simulations, we investigate the properties of three existing methods, namely stratum-specific offset, inverse-probability weighting, and multiple imputation for estimating model parameters and additive interaction effects. We also illustrate these properties using data from two published epidemiology studies. Results: Simulation studies show that the multiple imputation method performs well when both the true and analysis models are additive (i.e., does not include multiplicative interaction terms) but does not provide a discernible advantage over the offset method when the analysis models are non-additive (i.e., includes multiplicative interaction terms). The offset method exhibits the best overall properties when the analysis model contains multiplicative interaction effects. Conclusion: When estimating additive interaction between risk factors in stratified two-phase case-control studies, we recommend estimating model parameters using multiple imputation when the analysis model is additive, and we recommend the offset method when the analysis model is non-additive.
Occult Spontaneous Ocular Perforation Presenting as Conjunctival Chemosis in a Patient with Marfan’s Syndrome
Authors: Voulgari Nafsika , Giacuzzo Clarice , Schalenbourg Ann , Kymionis George D.
Published: October 2019

We report a case of occult spontaneous ocular perforation presenting as conjunctival chemosis in a patient with Marfan’s syndrome (MFS). A 38-year-old female with MFS presented with bilateral conjunctival chemosis since 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. On slit-lamp examination, a diffuse conjunctival chemosis was observed in both eyes without any signs of ocular hypotony (decreased visual acuity, low intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber, pupil distortion, hypotony maculopathy, and chorioretinal folds). Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography revealed a corneoscleral fistula at the left nasal limbus, without any similar finding in the right eye. A scleral patch was performed at the site of the perforation. At 3 month’s follow-up, the left chemosis had regressed, with a stable best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes. However, on ultrasound biomicroscopy, another fistula at the right superior limbus was found, and the patient was referred for treatment with a scleral patch. In conclusion,conjunctival chemosis in a patient with MFS should raise the suspicion of an occult spontaneous ocular perforation.
A Systematic Review of Multimodal Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Cognitive Function in Older People with Dementia in Nursing Homes
Authors: Yorozuya Kyosuke , Kubo Yuta , Tomiyama Naoki , Yamane Shingo , Hanaoka Hideaki
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) have been reported to be effective in improving the cognitive function. Therefore, it is necessary to study these interventions in older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs). Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects, contents, frequency, duration, length, and form of MNPIs on the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs through a systematic review, and to consider what kind of intervention design is most effective. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2008 and October 2018 was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCTs were extracted from electronic databases, and a review was carried out. Conclusion: Our review suggests that MNPIs may improve the global, executive function and memory of PWD in NHs. The combination of exercise, cognitive training and activities of daily living, and intervention at least 3 times a week over at least 8 weeks with, at least 30 min per session using the integrated form is recommended for improving the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs.
Avaliação de controles estruturais na evolução do delta do rio São Francisco utilizando métodos geofísicos
Authors: Santos Alana Aderne dos , Dominguez José Maria Landim , Dutra Alanna Costa
Published: October 2019

O delta do rio São Francisco é uma planície arenosa de idade quaternária construída em um baixo estrutural da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas, conhecido como Baixo do São Francisco. O limite interno do delta do São  rancisco é marcado por escarpas retilíneas, que o separam da Formação Barreiras adjacente e possuem traçado coincidente com importantes falhas do arcabouço estrutural da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. A partir de um embasamento teórico que nos aponta a existência de um controle estrutural na formação e na evolução dos sistemas deltaicos de uma maneira geral, sugerimos uma influência da estruturação da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas sobre o delta e tentamos inferi-la utilizando uma metodologia adequada. O presente trabalho consiste na utilização do método geofísico sísmico integrado com as informações geológicas da área, tendo como objetivo principal a avaliação dos controles estruturais existentes sobre a formação e a evolução do delta do São Francisco. A interpretação do dado sísmico 3D permitiu a individualização de cinco unidades geológicas, bem como as falhas que as recortam. A análise do dado sísmico permitiu a geração de mapas de isópacas, em profundidade, da região. Foi possível identificar, a partir da análise conjunta de todas as informações geradas e preexistentes, a presença de um conjunto de falhas que afetam de maneira direta a sedimentação na região. A análise dos dados e o conhecimento prévio da geologia da área nos levam a acreditar que as falhas observadas estariam relacionadas a uma reativação de caráter tectônico da região de estudo.
Geoquímica dos diques máficos de Brumado, porção sudeste do Bloco Gavião, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Varjão Lílian Mercês Pereira , Leal Angela Beatriz De Menezes
Published: October 2019

No sudoeste do estado da Bahia, entre as cidades de Brumado e Caetité e mais a norte próximo às cidades de Tanque Novo, Paramirim, Botuporã, Macaúbas, Novo Horizonte e Ibitiara, ocorrem diques máficos formados em ambiente intraplaca. São toleítos continentais apresentando valores de índice de diferenciação em magnésio (mg#) entre 0,25 e 0,45, indicativos de líquidos magmáticos evoluídos. Plagioclásio e augita predominaram no processo magmático evolutivo, cujos diagramas não mostram alterações significativas por processos secundários. Os diques máficos originaram-se de fonte pouco heterogênea tipo Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (E-MORB), provavelmente com leve contribuição de fluidos tipo Ocean Island Basalt (OIB). Os dados geoquímicos sugerem influência significativa da crosta continental inferior na origem da fonte mantélica, não havendo sinais de importante contribuição sedimentar.
Análise geológico-geomorfológica da região noroeste da Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo: diques mesozoicos básicos e intermediários como condicionantes do relevo
Authors: Rodrigues Flávio Henrique , Valle Victor Arroyo da Silva do , Zaine José Eduardo , Cerri Rodrigo Irineu , Kolya André De Andrade , Luvizotto George Luiz
Published: October 2019

Na Ilha de São Sebastião (SP), a diversidade geomorfológica está diretamente associada às distintas unidades geológicas, como embasamento pré-cambriano granito-gnáissico e intrusões mesozoicas representadas por dois principais conjuntos: rochas toleíticas vinculadas ao rifteamento do Atlântico Sul (Eocretáceo — aprox. 130 Ma) e magmatismo alcalino (Neocretáceo — aprox. 70 Ma) da plataforma meridional brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características e propriedades litoestruturais dos diques básicos e intermediários intrudidos nos granitoides da porção noroeste da referida ilha, correlacionando-os aos distintos padrões de relevo, ou seja, feições positivas, como as cristas alongadas mais resistentes ao intemperismo e erosão, e feições negativas menos resistentes, como os vales encaixados. Por meio de medições de campo, análise petrográfica e geoprocessamento, constatou-se que a composição mineralógica e o padrão de fraturamento do embasamento e dos diques, bem como a espessura destes, são os principais fatores responsáveis pelas diferentes respostas aos processos superficiais. Os diques que condicionam as drenagens são representados por diabásios de textura variada, apresentando minerais máficos (clinopiroxênio e olivina) e plagioclásio cálcico (labradorita). Essa mineralogia se mostra mais susceptível quando comparada àquela presente nos diques associados às cristas alongadas, representados por andesitos porfiríticos, com menor proporção de minerais máficos, além de o plagioclásio presente ser predominantemente de composição sódica (oligoclásio). Verificou-se ainda que os diques de diabásio são menos espessos e têm maior densidade de fraturamento. As unidades geológicas presentes na área de estudo foram classificadas da mais suscetível a mais resistente aos processos exógenos, da seguinte maneira: diques de diabásio, embasamento granito-gnáissico e diques andesíticos.
Química mineral e condições de cristalização (P-T-ƒO2) do Plúton Maravilha, Domínio PEAL (Província Borborema)
Authors: Dáttoli Luan Cavalcante , Silva Filho Adejardo Francisco da , Guimarães Ignez De Pinho , Lima Jefferson Valdemiro de , Garcia Pedro Maciel de Paula , Arouca Júnior Ramon Matos , Bonfim Pedro Henrique Silveira Lélis , Santiago Renato Carlos Vieira
Published: October 2019

O Plúton Maravilha, localizado no Domínio Pernambuco-Alagoas, tem dimensão de aproximadamente 200 km2, alongado em direção WSW-ENE. Apresenta composição modal tonalítica, textura fanerítica inequigranular, por vezes porfirítica, com quantidades variáveis de plagioclásio, biotita, anfibólio e quartzo, por vezes microclínio, presença de epídoto magmático, tendo como principais fases acessórias titanita, apatita, zircão e allanita. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as principais fases minerais presentes no plúton, visando a compreender sua evolução petrogenética e condições de cristalização. Em porções mais deformadas, o plúton apresenta-se fortemente foliado, marcado pela presença de biotitas primárias, em vasta maioria, cloritizadas nas bordas, podendo ser produto de hidrotermalismo ou de estágios iniciais de reações metamórficas, sendo classificadas entre a solução sólida eastonita-siderofilita. Os anfibólios são predominantemente magmáticos, classificados em grande maioria como pargasita e ferro-pargasita. Cálculos geobarométricos mostram valores de 6 a 7,18 kbar, enquanto a geotermometria foi estimada entre 706 e 785ºC, utilizando o conteúdo de AlIV em plagioclásios e anfibólios em equilíbrio. A presença da assembleia magnetita+titanita+quartzo em equilíbrio, os valores de Fe# na biotita e anfibólios, assim como cristais de magnetita euédricos a subédricos associados à titanita euédrica losangular como fases precoces, indicam que o magma progenitor era relativamente oxidado.
Análise tectonossedimentar das fases início de rifte e clímax de rifte da Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Fambrini Gelson Luís , Silva-Filho Wellington Ferreira da , Lemos Diógenes Ribeiro de , Silvestre Diego Da Cunha , Araújo Jadson Trajano de , Menezes-Filho José Acioli Bezerra de , Tesser Junior Sidney , Neumann Virginio Henrique De Miranda Lopes
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização tectonossedimentar das fases início de rifte e clímax de rifte da Bacia do Araripe. As principais estruturas identificadas foram falhas normais, transcorrentes e inversas em ordem de importância. Esse grupo de falhas coloca lateralmente diferentes unidades litoestratigráficas como rochas de unidades início de rifte e clímax de rifte. Exemplo é o contato lateral das formações Missão Velho e Brejo Santo ao longo de falhas normais NNE. É de grande importância a integração entre análise geométrica e cinemática dessas falhas com a evolução estratigráfica para uma evolução global da evolução geológica da Bacia do Araripe. Principais afloramentos de campo utilizados neste trabalho consistem em exposições formadas durante as obras de construção da ferrovia Transnordestina e da transposição do Rio São Francisco. A análise tectônica realizada para este trabalho identificou dois conjuntos principais de falhas: falhas orientadas segundo a direção NE-SW (mais antigas) e falhas orientadas na direção NW-SE e WNW-ESE (mais jovens). Além disso, foram também analisadas falhas transcorrentes e inversas. A tectônica rifte que afetou a Bacia do Araripe (extensional) reativou falhas antigas do embasamento Pré-Cambriano e, por sua vez, forneceu falhas normais de direção NE-SW e também gerou falhas de orientação E-W e NW-SE.
Comparisons of Rivaroxaban Following Different Dosage Criteria (ROCKET AF or J‐ROCKET AF Trials) in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chan Yi‐Hsin , Lee Hsin‐Fu , Wang Chun‐Li , Chang Shang‐Hung , Yeh Chih‐Hsin , Chao Tze‐Fan , Yeh Yung‐Hsin , Chen Shih‐Ann , Kuo Chi‐Tai
Published: October 2019

Background

The
ROCKET AF
(Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation) evaluated rivaroxaban (20/15 mg/d) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. A separate trial, J‐
ROCKET
AF (Japanese ROCKET AF), compared rivaroxaban (15/10 mg/d) and warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation. Data about rivaroxaban following J‐
ROCKET AF
criteria compared with warfarin and
ROCKET AF
dosage were limited.

Methods and Results

This retrospective study used medical data from a multicenter healthcare provider in Taiwan that included 3162 patients taking rivaroxaban. Among 2320 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
) ≥50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, 384 and 1936 patients followed the
ROCKET AF
(20 mg/d) and J‐
ROCKET AF
(15 mg/d) recommendation, respectively. Among 842 patients with an
eGFR
<50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, 422 and 420 patients followed the
ROCKET AF
(15 mg/d) and J‐
ROCKET AF
(10 mg/d) recommendation, respectively. A total of 2053 patients with atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin were identified. Rivaroxaban following either
ROCKET AF
or J‐
ROCKET AF
dosage criteria was associated with a comparable risk of thromboembolism but a lower risk of bleeding than warfarin. For patients with an
eGFR
≥50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, risks of clinical events did not differ significantly between the 2 dosage criteria of rivaroxaban. For patients with an
eGFR
<50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, the
ROCKET AF
dosage was associated with a higher risk of major bleeding compared with the J‐
ROCKET AF
dosage (hazard ratio, 2.70;
P
=0.0445) without significant differences regarding the risk of ischemic events.

Conclusions

In Asian patients with atrial fibrillation, the J‐
ROCKET AF
dosage was as effective as the
ROCKET AF
dosage irrespective of renal function. The risk of major bleeding was lower with the J‐
ROCKET AF
dosage in patients with an
eGFR
<50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban following either dosage criteria was effective and even safer.
CTRP9 Ameliorates Atrial Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Post‐Myocardial Infarction Rats
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Li Wei , Wang Huibo , Yin Lin , Ye Bingjie , Tang Yanhong , Huang Congxin
Published: October 2019

Background

Inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) after myocardial infarction (
MI
). CTRP9 (C1q/tumor necrosis factor‐related protein‐9) as a secreted glycoprotein can reverse left ventricle remodeling post‐
MI
, but its effects on
MI
‐induced atrial inflammation, fibrosis, and associated
AF
are unknown.

Methods and Results

MI
model rats received adenoviral supplementation of
CTRP
9 (Ad‐
CTRP
9) by jugular‐vein injection. Cardiac function, inflammatory, and fibrotic indexes and related signaling pathways, electrophysiological properties, and
AF
inducibility of atria in vivo and ex vivo were detected in 3 or 7 days after
MI
. shCTRP9 (short hairpin CTRP9) and sh
RNA
were injected into rat and performed similar detection at day 5 or 10. Adverse atrial inflammation and fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction were induced in both
MI
and Ad‐GFP (adenovirus‐encoding green fluorescent protein)+
MI
rats. Systemic
CTRP
9 treatment improved cardiac dysfunction post‐
MI
.
CTRP
9 markedly ameliorated macrophage infiltration and attenuated the inflammatory responses by downregulating interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6, and upregulating interleukin‐10, in 3 days post‐
MI
; depressed left atrial fibrosis by decreasing the expressions of collagen types I and
III
, α‐
SMA
, and transforming growth factor β1 in 7 days post‐
MI
possibly through depressing the Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐κB and Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Electrophysiologic recordings showed that increased
AF
inducibility and duration, and prolongation of interatrial conduction time induced by
MI
were attenuated by
CTRP
9; moreover,
CTRP
9 was negatively correlated with interleukin‐1β and
AF
duration. Downregulation of
CTRP
9 aggravated atrial inflammation, fibrosis, susceptibility of
AF
and prolonged interatrial conduction time, without affecting cardiac function.

Conclusions

CTRP
9 is effective at attenuating atrial inflammation and fibrosis, possibly via its inhibitory effects on the Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐κB and Smad2/3 signaling pathways, and may be an original upstream therapy for
AF
in early phase of
MI
.
Mitochondrial lineages or discrete species? Assessing diversity within Timon tangitanus (Lacertidae) using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Authors: Abreu João M. , Salvi Daniele , Perera Ana , Harris D. James
Published: October 2019

Identification of extremely high levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence divergence within reptiles from North Africa is commonplace. This high divergence often compares with interspecific levels among widely accepted species, leading to the hypothesis of the occurrence of species complexes. Indeed, in many examples, data from nuclear markers support such taxonomic recognition. Such is the case of two recently recognized ocellated lizard species of the genus Timon, T. nevadensis, from Spain, and T. kurdistanicus, from the Middle East, which both showed notable genetic differentiation from their sister taxa. In North Africa, highly divergent mtDNA lineages of Timon tangitanus were previously identified but not corroborated with nuclear markers. Here we expand geographic sampling across the range of Timon tangitanus and complement mtDNA sequences with data from nuclear markers (MC1R and ACM4). We identify four divergent mtDNA lineages, at a level similar to some reptile species. However, the nuclear markers show limited differentiation and lack of lineage sorting. This and some other recent assessments within reptiles discourage the use of mtDNA data alone as a proxy for taxonomic units, demonstrating once more the need for integrative taxonomic approaches.
Prophecy in Roman Judaea: Did Josephus Report the Failure of an ‘Exact Succession of the Prophets’ (Against Apion 1.41)?
Authors: Mason Steve
Published: October 2019

In Ag. Ap. 1.41, after stressing that the Jewish holy books are rightly trusted because only prophets wrote them, Josephus remarks that Judaeans do not trust later writings in the same way. The reason he gives is usually translated as “the failure of the exact succession of the prophets.” Whereas older scholarship played down this reason to insist on the absence of prophecy in post-biblical Judaism, the prevailing view today holds that Josephus meant only to qualify later prophecy, not to exclude it. This essay broaches the more basic question of what an ἀκριβὴς διαδοχή means. Arguing that an exact diachronic succession of prophets makes little sense, it offers two proposals that better suit Josephus’ argument. It further contends that Josephus is talking about the ancient Judaean past, the subject of this work, not about the work of later historians including himself. He distinguishes sharply between prophecy and historical inquiry.
Corallimorpharians (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia) from the Argentinean Sea
Authors: LAURETTA DANIEL , MARTINEZ MARIANO I.
Published: October 2019

Corallimorpharians are a relative small group of anthozoan cnidarians, also known as jewel sea anemones. They resemble actiniarian sea anemones in lacking a skeleton and being solitary, but resemble scleractinian corals in external and internal morphology, and they are considered to be the sister group of the stony corals. Corynactis carnea (=Sphincteractis sanmatiensis) is a small, common and eye catching species that inhabits the shallow water of northern Patagonia and the Argentinean shelf up to 200 m depth. Corallimorphus rigidus is registered for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It is a rather big and rare species that inhabits only the deep sea. Only two specimens were found at 2934 m depth in Mar del Plata submarine canyon, in an area under the influence of the Malvinas current, which may explain its occurrence. These two species are the only two known jewel sea anemones in the Argentinean sea and are reported and described herein.
Global Trends of Sea Surface Gravity Wave, Wind, and Coastal Wave Setup
Authors: Lin Yuchun , Oey Leo
Published: October 2019

Assessing trends of sea surface wave, wind, and coastal wave setup is of considerable scientific and practical importance in view of recent and projected long-term sea level rise due to global warming. Here we analyze global significant wave height (SWH) and wind data from 1993 to 2015 and a wave model to (i) calculate wave age and explain the causal, or the lack thereof, relationship between wave and wind trends; and (ii) estimate trends of coastal wave setup and its contributions to secular trends of relative sea level at coastal locations around the world. We show in-phase, increasing SWH and wind trends in regions dominated by younger waves, and decreasing SWH trends where older waves dominate and are unrelated to the local wind trends. In the central North Pacific where wave age is transitional, in-phase decreasing wave and wind trends are found over the west-northwestern region, but wave and wind trends are insignificantly correlated in the south-southeastern region; here, a reversed, upward momentum flux from wave to wind is postulated. We show that coastal wave setup depends primarily on open-ocean SWH but only weakly on wind, varying approximately like SWH/(wind speed)1/5. The wave-setup trends are shown to be increasing along many coastlines where the local relative sea level trends are also increasing: the North and Irish Seas, Mediterranean Sea, East and South Asian seas, and eastern United States, exacerbating the potential for increased floods along these populated coastlines.
Subseasonal Forecast Skill over the Northern Polar Region in Boreal Winter
Authors: Lin Hai
Published: October 2019

Pentad (5-day averaged) forecast skill over the Arctic region in boreal winter is evaluated for the subseasonal to seasonal prediction (S2S) systems from three operational centers: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The results indicate that for a lead time longer than about 10 days the forecast skill of 2-m air temperature and 500-hPa geopotential height in the Arctic area is low compared to the tropical and midlatitude regions. The three S2S systems have comparable forecast skill in the northern polar region. Relatively high skill is observed in the Arctic sector north of the Bering Strait in pentads 4–6. Possible sources of S2S predictability in the polar region are explored. The polar forecast skill is found to be dependent on the phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the initial condition; that is, forecasts initialized with the negative AO are more skillful than those starting from the positive AO. This is likely due to the influence of the stratospheric polar vortex. The tropical MJO is found to also influence the prediction skill in the polar region. Forecasts starting from MJO phases 6–7, which correspond to suppressed convection in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and enhanced convection in the tropical western Pacific, tend to be more skillful than those initialized from other MJO phases. To improve the polar prediction on the subseasonal time scale, it is important to have a well-represented stratosphere and tropical MJO and their associated teleconnections in the model.
Why Giants Stumble
Authors: Barber Felix , Whitehead Jo , Bistrova Julia
Published: October 2019

Why do large, successful public companies and their CEOs suddenly weaken? To find out, we studied 45 large European and U.S. stumbles. Our case studies point to some common mistakes, such as undertaking unnecessarily risky growth strategies, treating compliance issues lightly, or poor cost control. These simple mistakes often had complex origins, such as attempts to meet conflicting objectives, weak board governance, or even executives being misled by positive experiences with ambitious growth investments. We develop a checklist of “Emperor’s Clothes” failings to help executives and boards lessen the risk of the worst stumbles.