bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gelʼmintologicheskie issledovaniia zubrov Belovezhskoi pushchi v kontse XIX – nachale XX v.
Authors: Fedotova Anastasia A. , Zharova Ekaterina Yu.
Published: November 2024

The helminthofauna of the European bison, the iconic species for nature protection in Europe, is the object of close attention for zoologists because of the threatening changes occurring in this fauna in recent decades. Nowadays, researchers are more or less familiar with the works conducted in the early 20ʰᵗ century, i. e. before the European bison went extinct in the wild (1919), and the specialists involved in the European bison restitution in the Białowieża Primeval Forest and other nature reserves have been also aware of these studies. In addition to the published works on the European bison parasites, however, there exists a wide range of archival documents relating to the helminthoses of the Białowieża bison, including reliable information about parasitic worms as an important cause of death in the European bison, in particular, the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Apart from the literature analysis, our research focuses on the archival documents relating to helminthological studies conducted between the 1880s, when the European bison mortality caused by fascioliasis was reliably documented in the Białowieża Forest for the first time, and the 1910s, when an attending veterinarian was hired by the Białowieża administration to hold a permanent position for the first time. The most significant event in the history of the studies of the European bison helminthofauna before 1919 was the expedition to the Białowieża Primeval Forest, led by professor Nikolay Kulagin (1906–1908). The expedition’s permanent members were the entomologist Alexander Mordvilko and the veterinarian Konrad Wróblewski. They amassed an impressive amount of material that formed the basis for two monographs about the Białowieża bison (1919 and 1927, respectively). This expedition established that the main cause of the bison’s high mortality were the external factors including helminthoses rather than the degeneration of the species caused by the “laws of nature” (as was assumed for most of the 19ʰᵗ century).
Dinosaurs from the quarry: a history of the first studies of dinosaurs in the amur region (1949–1951)
Authors: Ermatsans Irina A. , Bolotsky Yurii L. , Bolotsky Ivan Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article attempts to reconstruct the history of discovery of one the richest Cretaceous dinosaur excavation sites in Russia, situated in the Blagoveschensk locality in the Amur Oblast, based on the materials of the state, personal, and museum archives, and on information from the periodicals. Analysis of the archive materials allowed to identify the individuals involved in this discovery and in the studies of this dinosaur site. These include: Igor Bastrykin, a schoolboy who made the initial discovery; geologists and paleontologists A. Z. Lazarev, A. K. Rozhdestvenskii, N. S. Shevyreva, and V. A. Presnyakov; military man P. I. Bastrykin; museum staff members G. S. Novikov-Daurskii and A. G. Udod; and a teacher at a higher education institution, F. S. Shavrin. The correspondence of G. S. Novikov-Daurskii, a renowned local historian, and the reports prepared by the geologist A. Z. Lazarev and the paleontologist A. K. Rozhdestvenskii helped to reconstruct the historical and cultural environment in which the first paleontological studies were carried out in 1949–1951. The analysis of the sources allowed establishing that the investigation of the region by scientific and local studies’ societies in 1859–1951 paved the way for the successful paleontological research in the Amur Region in the 1980s – 2020s.
Towards the history of the Russian-Swedish grade measurement expedition in the Svalbard Archipelago (1899–1901): an analysis of the scientific legacy of academician F. N. Chernyshev
Authors: Filippova Tatiana P.
Published: November 2024

Based on the topical and chronological analysis of archival sources and publications of a prominent Russian geologist, Academician F. N. Chernyshev (1856–1914), his scientific and organizational activities associated with the exploration of little-known territories of the North and the Arctic in the late 19ʰᵗ – early 20ʰᵗ century are reviewed. In particular, the article analyzes the documents regarding the role of F. N. Chernyshev in the organization of the Russian-Swedish Grade Measurement Expedition in the Svalbard Archipelago in 1899–1901. Chernyshev’s contribution to the preparation and implementation of this international scientific project is pictured, based on the documents from his personal fonds and those of the Academy of Sciences’ Commission for Grade Measurement in the Islands of Svalbard, stored in the St. Petersburg Branch of the RAS Archive. The study focuses on Chernyshev’s expeditionary diaries that are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Based on these documents, the Expedition’s route and the course of its scientific research are analyzed and the scientists’ working conditions during the trips to the archipelago are shown. The published works by F. N. Chernyshev and his companions were used as additional sources. It is concluded that Chernyshev’s scientific legacy is an important part of the history of the Russian-Swedish Expedition to the Svalbard Archipelago as well as a valuable source for the studies of Russian exploration of the Arctic territories at the turn of the 20ʰᵗ century.
“Received no awards”: from the pages of the biography of a repressed scientist, G. L. Stadnikov (1880–1973)
Authors: Simakova Svetlana A.
Published: November 2024

Georgy Leontievich Stadnikov (also spelled Stadnikoff and Stadnikow) (1880–1973) was a Russian / Soviet organic chemist, the author of fundamental works in the field of chemistry of fossil fuels, well-known in Russia and abroad. In 1957, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In the Soviet era, he was twice subjected to repressions. In 1939–1955, he served in forced labor camps of the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Based on the publications about Stadnikov, his scientific works, and the memoirs of geological scientists B. L. Afanasyev and L. N. Belyakov, discovered by the author in the collections of the K. G. Voinovsky-Krieger Geological Museum (Vorkuta), Stadnikov’s scientific biography is reconstructed. Georgy Leontievich was a pupil of V. V. Markovnikov and N. D. Zelinsky, the founders of the foremost Russian school of organic chemistry. He conducted research in the field of origin and genetic classification of fossil fuels. During his incarceration, Stadnikov continued with his research work. At the labor camps located in the European North-East of the USSR, he tackled the problems arising in the course of commercial development of coal deposits in the Pechora coal basin. Stadnikov’s research had an important role in the development of fossil fuel chemistry and his work in the harsh conditions of the Arctic facilitated the coal industry formation in the Komi Republic.
“Observations stopped on the occasion of the cession of Alaska”: St. Petersburg academy of sciences’ magnetic and meteorological observatory in sitka (Alaska)
Authors: Feklova Tatiana Y.
Published: November 2024

Based on the new archival materials from the Russian State Archive of the Navy, Russian State Historical Archive, and St. Petersburg Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archive, the history of the organization and operations of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences’ Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory in Alaska (the city of Sitka / Sitkha) was analyzed for the first time. This Observatory operated from 1839 until the sale of Alaska in 1867. The themes from the history of the Observatory reviewed in the article are the background for its creation, the participation of the international scientific community (Royal Society of London) in its founding, and the contribution of the Russian-American Company and its leaders, primarily Arvid Adolf Etholén, to its construction and operations. The archival data relating to the observations conducted at the Observatory (mean daily temperature) are provided for the first time. The fact that the Observatory, being officially subordinate to the Mining Department of the Ministry of Finance, was scientifically managed by the Academy of Sciences, helps to better understand the specifics of interagency links and communication in the Russian Empire in the 19ʰᵗ century. The article also sheds light on the personal contribution of Director of the Central Physical Observatory, A. Ya. (Adolph-Theodor) Kupffer, to the formation of the Observatory in Sitka, briefly reviews the instruments and devices employed by the Observatory, and, for the first time, provides the names of its directors and other staff.
From the History of the Section of Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ central House of scientists
Authors: Demidov Sergei S. , Bogdanov Andrei N.
Published: November 2024

From the start, the Central House of Scientists that was opened in the early years of the Soviet regime as a result of the efforts the Commission for Improving the Scholars’ Living Conditions (KUBU) has been uniting Soviet (Russian) researchers of various specialties and offering them opportunities for socialization and professional communication. Inter alia, it became a place to celebrate significant scientific events or decently commemorate prominent scholars. The Section of Mathematics has been working at the Central House of Scientists for more than 50 years. Founded when Soviet mathematics was in its prime, it keeps up the traditions of national schools of mathematical research and education. The article is devoted to the history of the Section of Mathematics.
Welf-educational in China: features and role of the segment in the development of human capital
Authors: Guleva Maria
Published: November 2024

New forms of education are appearing in China in the process of the country’s socio-economic development. As one of the important innovations in the higher education segment, the examination system for part-time students has achieved outstanding results in recent years of its development, resulting in the significant growth of the number of highly qualified specialists. It is obvious that ensuring the implementation of lifelong education and encouraging self-education can be the key to the sustainable development of human capital in China.
On improving value chains by integrated companies
Authors: Kohno Pavel , Kohno Alina , Kohno Vladimir
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the development processes of integrated companies taking into account globalization processes. Three trends are shown that are changing the competitive environment of an integrated company, and the need to regularly normalize financial and economic indicators is stated. The driving forces of competition that ensure accelerated industrial production of high-demand military and dual-use products are examined. These forces ensure the attractiveness of the products of the enterprise (company, firm) and the industry as a whole in the domestic and world markets. It is also important to concentrate the firm’s efforts on developing those technologies whose impact on costs or differentiation will be the longest. It is especially advisable to orient the strategy of enterprises of the military-industrial complex (DIC) of Russia towards technological leadership. The choice of a position as a technological follower should also be considered as a conscious and active strategy. When developing a technology strategy, it is critical to evaluate technological trends in your chosen area.
Approaches to optimizing the costs of wholesale trading companies in modern realities
Authors: Volkov Artem
Published: November 2024

The article is examines some approaches to optimizing the costs of wholesale trading companies during the period of sanctions and increased external risks. The place and the role of the cost management system in the trade sector are described. The article highlights the importance of cost management in the structure of competitiveness of trading firms, examines key approaches to cost optimization, including: reduction of investment processes; logistics and inventory management; cost planning based on a scenario approach; reduction of accounts receivable; development of private brands; eliminating ineffective/allowable costs, and many others. Each of the approaches with a special perspective can be implemented on the basis of an optimization or collapse strategy, depending on the characteristics of costs and the business processes that form them.
BRICS plus is a natural outcome of cumulative integration in the context of geopolitical fragmentation of the world economy
Authors: Kheyfets Boris
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes possible changes in the role of the new BRICS plus format, which will operate from January 1, 2024, in the global economy. In this regard, the stages of development of this block and the main directions of interaction of its participants in the economic and financial spheres are considered. It is noted that the success of the economic rapprochement of the BRICS countries is largely associated with the use of a flexible and pragmatic model of cumulative integration, which is based not on a free trade agreement, but on the implementation of projects and programs of mutual interest, coordination of economic policies, implementation of joint initiatives in the G20, the IMF, WTO and other international organizations. This model is of particular importance in the context of the formation of a new world economic system.
Improving methodological support for balanced development of the regional market for consumer goods
Authors: Sheleg Nikolay , Romanovich Svetlana
Published: November 2024

With growing sanctions pressure and geopolitical uncertainty, the stability of regional socio-economic systems is decreasing, and ensuring the balanced development of regional markets for consumer goods becomes a necessity. The article defines the features of the balanced development of the regional consumer goods market. In order to improve the methodological support for the balanced development of the market under study, a system of indicators is proposed, which includes indicators of the conditions of supply and demand. To ensure methodological unity in the work, the objectives of improving the tools for assessing the balanced development of the regional consumer goods market are clarified; a set of tasks that are consistently implemented using the appropriate planning tools is updated.
Military economy of modern Russia
Authors: Kokhno Pavel
Published: November 2024

The article examines the problems of development of the military economy taking into account historical trends. The relationship between the military and civilian sectors is shown. It is assumed, that during a military conflict spending on defense and national security should be a priority, the government controlling the distribution of the resources, goods and services through rationing. When forming a mechanism for managing military-economic activities, special attention should be given to the effective use of resources allocated for defense needs. With that, one should keep in mind the contradiction between the unlimited military needs of the state and the limited resources that can be directed at any given time for defense purposes. Since the existing mechanism for managing Russia’s military economy does not fully meet modern requirements, a radical restructuring and improvement of this mechanism is needed to solve the existing problems.
Genealogies in Antique Mythography and Works of Early Christian Appologists: Features of the Rhetorical Context
Authors: Perestronin Valentin A.
Published: November 2024

Ancient Literature contains diverse genealogies of characters which played an important role in religious cult and culture in general – in Ancient Greek Religion they were heroes, whereas in Early Christianity characters of The Scripture. The current article presents comparison of approaches to the interpretation and genealogy construction in ancient mythography and Early Christian Literature of apologetic in the period of II–III AC. The genre of ancient mythography represents texts heterogeneous in form, united by mythological content. However, an important feature of this type of literature is that it combines the antiquarian, historical, artistic and religious motives of the author in different proportions. This combination can be demonstrated by the example of the work of mythographers with the genealogies of heroes preserved in literature and oral tradition. At the same time, many early Christian authors, for their apologetic purposes, dealt with the problems of history and in one way or another addressed the problem of harmonization of genealogies, and the main genealogical problem for them was the genealogy of Jesus. The author of the article considers mythography as a literary and historical context for the establishment and justification of certain versions of the origin of Jesus. This study discovers common ways of modification of pedigree versions of Greek heroes and Jesus in both types of literature respectively. Due to this it is proposed to expand the scope of the concept of “mythographic discourse”, which was introduced in modern scholarly literature to characterize the subgenre of ancient rhetoric, on the Early Christian Literature of the Late Antiquity.
Review of the Species of the Genus Tobrilus (Nematoda, Triplonchida)
Authors: Naumova T. V. , Gagarin V. G.
Published: November 2024

On own material and on the basis of literary data, a synthesis of information on the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959. The diagnosis this genus has been changed; species diagnostic characteristics have been analyzed; the species structure of the genus has been examined. The genus includes 29 valid species. The key to the definition of species of genus and the summary table of morphological characteristics of valid species are given.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF STRONG SOLUTIONS TO MIXED-TYPE STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DRIVEN BY THE FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTIONS WITH HURST INDICES 𝐻 > 1/4
Authors: Vaskouski M. M , Stryuk P. P
Published: November 2024

In this paper there is investigated the problem of unique solvability of the Caushy problem for the mixed type stochastic differential equation driven by the standard Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motions with Hurst indices 𝐻 > 1/4. We prove a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the mentioned mixed type stochastic differential equations.
EXPLICIT-IMPLICIT SCHEMES FOR CALCULATING DYNAMICS OF ELASTOVISCOPLASTIC MEDIA WITH SOFTENING
Authors: Golubev V. I , Nikitin I. S , Shevchenko A. V , Petrov I. B
Published: November 2024

The paper examines the dynamic behavior of elastoviscoplastic media under the action of an external load. For the case of a linear viscosity function and a nonlinear softening function, an explicit-implicit calculation scheme has been constructed that makes it possible to obtain a numerical solution to the original semilinear hyperbolic problem. This approach does not involve the use of the method of splitting into physical processes. Despite this, an explicit computational algorithm was obtained that can be effectively implemented on modern computing systems.
USING OPERATOR INEQUALITIES IN STABILITY RESEARCH OF DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR NONLINEAR BOUNDARY PROBLEMS WITH NONLINEARITY OF UNLIMITED GROWTH
Authors: Matus P. P
Published: November 2024

The article develops the theory of stability of linear operator schemes for operator inequalities and nonlinear nonstationary initial-boundary value problems of mathematical physics with nonlinearities of unlimited growth. Based on sufficient conditions for the stability of A.A. Samarsky’s two-layer and three-layer difference schemes, the corresponding a priori estimates for operator inequalities are obtained under the condition of the criticality of the difference schemes under consideration, i.e. when the difference solution and its first time derivative are non-negative at all nodes of the grid region. The results obtained are applied to the analysis of the stability of difference schemes that approximate the Fisher and Klein-Gordon equation with a nonlinear right-hand side.
INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE NONLINEAR MODIFIED BOUSSINESQ EQUATION
Authors: Zamyshlyaeva A. A , Bychkov E. V
Published: November 2024

The problem in Sobolev spaces is investigated for a modified Boussinesq equation with a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition and with classical initial conditions. Based on the compactness method, it is shown that the approximate analytical solution, constructed in the form of Galerkin’s sum over the system of eigenfunctions of the Neumann boundary value problem, *-weakly converges to the exact solution.
NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING OF THE DIFFRACTION PROBLEM DESCRIBED BY MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS WITH MESOSCOPIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Eremin Yu. A , Lopushenko V. V
Published: November 2024

A numerical method for solving the diffraction boundary problem for the system of Maxwell’s equations with mesoscopic boundary conditions has been developed and implemented. It is based on the discrete source method. A numerical analysis of the influence of surface quantum effects on the optical characteristics of plasmonic nanoparticles is carried out. It has been established that surface effects have a significant impact on the field characteristics, and the results differ significantly from the case of volumetric effects.
Hussism as Evaluated by the Petersburg Slavophiles (From I.S. Palmov’s Letters to V.I. Lamansky)
Authors: Malinov Alexey Valer'evich
Published: November 2024

The article precedes the publication of two letters from the Slavist, Professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Ivan Savvich Palmov to his teacher Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky, which reveal the circumstances of Palmovs mission to the Slavic lands in the years 1881-1882. It is noted that during the mission, Palmov continued to collect materials on the history of the Hussite movement in the Czech Republic, referring primarily to the works of predecessors and followers of J. Huss. Lamanskys views on the origins and character of Hussiteism, which were reflected in his lecture courses at St. Petersburg University, are examined. Lamanskys point of view, which coincides in general with the Slavophile interpretation of Hussitism as an attempt to return to the traditions of the Cyrillic and Methodius (pre-Catholic) version of Christianity and to the liturgical practice of the Orthodox Church, is presented. The connection of Lamanskys perception about Hussiteism with his historiosophic conception is noted. According to this conception the doctrine of J. Huss and the wars of the Taborites was one of the manifestations of the civilizational confrontation between the Romano-Germanic and the Greek-Slavic worlds. The article reproduces Lamanskys critical remarks about representatives of the Czech intelligentsia and the contemporary situation of the Czechs, which led to the conflict in the St. Petersburg Slavic Benevolent Society. Moreover, some facts illustrating the nature of mutual relations between the two academics are presented.
Pronouns той, тая, тое in the Church Slavonic Translation of the New Testament by Epiphanius Slavinetsky and Euthymius Chudovsky
Authors: Verner Inna Veniaminovna
Published: November 2024

The New Testament translated from Greek by Epiphanius Slavinetsky and Euthymius Chudovsky is characterized by the excessive use of demonstrative pronouns той, таꙗ, тоѥ instead of personal pronouns of the third person. In the “draft” translation there is a large array of replacement of personal pronouns with demonstrative ones, although there is as well an opposite correction. The «clean» copy of the New Testament maintains this inconsistency. The analysis of the set of corrections allowed us to reconstruct the initial competition of the forms той, таꙗ, тоѥ and *и, *ꙗ, *ѥ. This trait isinherent to the Epiphanius Slavinetsky’s translation and is due to the orientation towards the functioning of the Greek nterpretive pronoun αὐτός as a personal one in all the cases and as a possessive pronoun in the genitive case. The inconsistency of Eupthymius’ correction is due to a combination of various factors: the following of the Epiphanius’ usage, the influence of the older Gospel translation, as well as the desire to avoid homonymy of pronouns when changing the person, dictated by exegetical considerations. The further correction observed in the «clear» copy of the New Testament shows a tendency towards the limitationin the use of the pronouns той, таꙗ, тоѥ to the contexts of the “strong” anaphora.
Rock-forming feldspathoids of the sodalite–sapozhnikovite series from the Lovozero alkaline complex (Kola peninsula, Russia): isomorphism, thermal and radiation-induced transformations and genetic mineralogy
Authors: Pekov I. V. , Chukanov N. V. , Shcherbakov V. D. , Vigasina М. F. , Shendrik R. Yu. , Sandalov F. D. , Vyatkin S. V. , Turchkova А. G.
Published: November 2024

Sulfur-enriched sodalite-group feldspathoids from the Lovozero alkaline complex (Kola peninsula, Russia) and products of their laboratory, anthropogene, and natural thermal and radiation-induced transformations were studied using EMPA, single-crystal XRD, and Raman, IR, ESR and optical spectroscopy. Sodalite Na8[Al6Si6O24]Cl2 and sapozhnikovite Na8[Al6Si6O24](HS)2 form a continuous isomorphous series [with the Cl:HS ratio variation (in mol.%) from Cl100(HS)0 to Cl12(HS)88] in highly agpaitic feldspathoid syenites and their pegmatites. In Lovozero, hydrosulfide anion HS— turned out the major form of sulfidic sulfur occurrence in minerals of this group including sodalite-hackmanite. It is found that sapozhnikovite and HS-rich sodalite are important rock-forming minerals of some Lovozero rocks; a new rock, poikilitic nepheline-sapozhnikovite syenite was discovered. Sapozhnikovite and intermediate members of the sodalite–sapozhnikovite series are the sensitive geochemical indicator, an oxymeter which indicates reducing conditions of mineral formation. Under heating, HS− anion in sodalite-sapozhnikovite series minerals destroys and sulfur forms polysulfide groups: radical anion S2●− (500–600 °C) and further radical anion S3●− (700 °C and above). The S3●− groups also appear in the result of radiation-induced transformation of these minerals. Under natural radioactive irradiation at the contact with Th-enriched steenstrupine, an intermediate member of the sodalite-sapozhnikovite series transformed to an earlier unknown in nature S3●−-rich variety of sodalite with the simplified formula Na8[Al6Si6O24][Cl,(S3)].
Barium-bearing micas of the muscovite-ganterite series from alkaline rocks of the Sredneziminsky ijolite-syenite-carbonaite massif (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Savelyeva V. B. , Danilov B. S. , Bazarova Е. P. , Khromova Е. А. , Danilova Y. V.
Published: November 2024

Barium-bearing micas (BaO content from 1.2 to 18.7 wt %) were found in hydrothermally altered ijolites and alkaline syenite of the Sredneziminsky ijolite-syenite-carbonatite massif (Eastern Siberia, Russia). It occurs in the products of low-temperature replacement of cancrinite, in association with natrolite, analcime, calcite, diaspore/boehmite, celsian, and strontianite. Ba-bearing micas are represented by grains up to 1 mm, heterogeneous in chemical composition. The amount of Ba increases in the marginal parts of grains; enrichment of some layers in mica grains with barium is also observed. The main isomorphic substitution in muscovite corresponds to the scheme K++Si4+↔Ba2++IVAl3+. The empirical formula of barium-richest areas in one of the mica grains is (Ba0.54–0.56Sr0–0.09K0.46)∑1.02–1.06Al1.98–2.01(Si2.37–2.40All.60–1.63)∑4.00 O10(OH1.70–2.00F0–0.30)∑2.00, which corresponds to ganterite. The maximum content of BaO in the majority of muscovite grains of the Sredneziminsky massif is 14.0–14.9 wt % that is equal to 0.41‒0.44 apfu Ba. It is assumed that the source of barium in the hydrothermal solution was orthoclase containing 0.5–0.9 wt % BaO which underwent albitization at the post-magmatic stage. The widespread occurrence of sulfides in the rocks indicates low oxygen fugacity, which prevents the formation of barite and is favorable to the formation of Ba-bearing muscovite and celsian.
Caspase-3 Activity and Autophagy Expression in the Development of Neuronal Resistance to Glutamate Toxicity
Authors: Aleksandrova O. P. , Kuznetsova D. V. , Lyzhin A. A. , Khaspekov L. G. , Gulyaeva N. V. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: November 2024

Two periods of autophagy activation, differently significant for the development of resistance, were demonstrated in the model of neuronal resistance to the toxic effect of glutamate (deprivation of trophic factors). The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) at a concentration of 1.25 mM significantly suppresses resistance development, but only if applied immediately after deprivation of trophic factors. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA immediately during deprivation does not affect resistance production. In addition, activation of autophagy is responsible for the decrease in caspase-3 activity, although the mechanism of this process remains unclear. We hypothesize that resistance production in neurons is mediated by a decrease in caspase-3 activity as a result of autophagy activation.
The Study of the State of Monoaminergic Systems in the Brain Structures of the Offsprings of Female BALB/C Mice at Different Stages of Formation of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kudrin V. S. , Narkevich V. B. , Alymov A. A. , Kapitsa I. G. , Kasabov K. A. , Naplekova P. L. , Kudryashov N. V. , Voronina T. A.
Published: November 2024

The study of the status of norepinephrine-, dopamine- and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems of BALB/C mice brain structures on 15 and 64 days of postnatal development (PD) in the model of autistic disturbances induced by injection of of sodium valproate (SV, 400 mg/kg, s/c) to pregnant females was carried out using the HPLC/ED method. The level of both catechol- and indolamines in the brain structures of control group mice at the age of 15 days was significantly lower than in adult animals at the age of 64 days. Prenatal administration of SV caused a decrease in all parameters of monoaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum of offspring at the age of 15 days, but had no effect in other brain structures studied. Subsequently, the level of dopamine increased and by the 64th day of PD did not differ from the parameters of the control group. The parameters of the serotonergic system changed in a similar pattern, with the content of serotonin and the serotonin metabolite 5-OIAA in the striatum increasing gradually and reaching maximum values by the 64th day of PR. Our data allows to assume that the administration of SV to pregnant females affects the activity of the dopamine and serotonergic systems of the brain of the offspring, causing a decrease in their activity in the striatum by the 15th day of pregnancy, followed by restoration to control values by the 64th day, which we previously observed in male pups. Thus, the patterns of dynamic changes in the neurochemical profile do not differ between males and females.
The Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Level of NO-Metabolites in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Kuleshova O. N. , Teply D. D. , Bazhanova E. D.
Published: November 2024

Nitric oxide performs a number of essential functions in the central nervous system. This neurotransmitter regulates apoptotic processes, differentiation and proliferation of neurons, synaptic activity, plasticity. Prenatal stress may be a factor affecting the NO level in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the work was to study the level of NO metabolites in phylogenetically different parts of the central nervous system in prenatally stressed mature male and female rats, depending on the stage of the estrous cycle. Pregnant female rats (n = 12) were subjected to stress from the 16th to the 19th days of pregnancy for 3 hours in the morning. The NO level was assessed in adult (4-month-old) offspring of both sexes. In males, there was a decrease in the level of NO metabolites in the cerebellum and hypothalamus and an increase in the spinal cord. The level of NO metabolites within the studied parts of the CNS of females in the control was higher, after undergoing prenatal stress it changed less compared to males: significant changes were noted in the spinal cord regardless of the estrus cycle stage and in the cerebellum at the stage of estrus. Thus, regardless of gender, the phylogenetically younger structure, the cerebral cortex, turned out to be the most resistant to prenatal stress; the most pronounced changes were noted in the phylogenetically ancient part of the CNS, the spinal cord. Given the importance of NO in the CNS as a key signaling molecule, any changes in its level under the influence of prenatal stress can both have a significant adaptive value and have negative consequences for the functional state of the tissue.
Study of the effect of a combination of biocoordination compounds and a water-based probiotic on the performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Lebedev S. V. , Kazakova T. V. , Marshinskaia O. V. , Kiyaeva E. V.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a combined probiotic, which included microbial mass of a mixture of live bacteria L. acidophilum, B. adolescentis and chelate complex of amino acids with chromium on the dynamics of growth performance, feed intake and digestibility, slaughter quality, morphological and biochemical blood parameters in the organism of broiler chickens of Arbor Aikress cross (CJSC «Poultry Farm Orenburgskaya»). Up to two weeks of age, the birds were in the preparatory period and received the basic diet (n=60). Starting from the age of 15 days, broilers of the experimental group additionally received with water a combined probiotic at a dose of 0,2 g/kg, and with feed a chelate complex of amino acids with chromium at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The duration of the study period was 28 days. The body weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher by 28 and 42 days of age than in the control by 18 % (p=0,03) and 14 % (p=0,01), respectively. The weight of gutted carcass in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 24 % (p=0,05). Addition of the studied additive to the diet of birds contributed to the reduction of feed costs per 1 kg of gain by 0,3 kg (14 %). Digestibility of crude protein in the experimental group was significantly higher by 2,7 % (p=0,03). The level of protein in meat of the experimental group was higher than in the control by 2,76 % (p=0,03). The introduction of probiotic in the diet had a stimulating effect on antioxidant enzymes. In broiler chickens of the experimental group the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathioperoxidase in blood serum was significantly higher than in the control by 13 % (p=0,02) and 7,5 % (p=0,03), respectively. Thus, probiotics, together with the complex of amino acids with chrome, due to its multipurpose action can have a positive effect on the organism of farm poultry and increase the efficiency of poultry farming.
Escritura creativa en maestros en formación y en estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria
Authors: Bucheli Zambrano María Camila , Maigual Meneses Adriana Janeth
Published: November 2024

La escritura creativa es relevante porque rompe modelos de una educación tradicional que prioriza la memorización, repetición de contenidos, exclusión de intereses, necesidades estudiantiles y la realidad del contexto, limitando las habilidades del acto escritural implicadas en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje, al soslayar el desarrollo de la imaginación, la creatividad, la relación constante entre estos dos procesos y el acercamiento de los educandos a la escritura espontánea.
Al ser la escritura creativa el arte que vislumbra la realidad, en virtud de experiencias, sueños e ideas nuevas, se pone en juego la relación de saberes y competencias, de modo que, es importante desde la formación de docentes, lograr una conexión con la Educación Básica Primaria para fortalecer el proceso escritural con estrategias didácticas alternativas en espacios que faciliten a los educandos a sumergirse en la aventura de escribir y mirar el mundo desde otras perspectivas creadoras.
SYARA’ JUDGE LEADERSHIP FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION THROUGH MOSQUE INSTITUTIONS IN MISOOL RAJA AMPAT
Authors: Nur Indria , Macap Muhammad Irsyah , Abdillah Fardan , Nengsih Darna , Batre Nek Mah
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepemimpinan transformatif yang dijalankan oleh hakim syara' dalam memajukan pendidikan Islam melalui masjid di Pulau Misool, Raja Ampat. Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain penelitian lapangan kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama empat bulan, dengan melibatkan hakim syara', tokoh agama, tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh pemuda, anggota Majelis Taklim (kelompok studi agama wanita), dan warga masyarakat sebagai informan. Dengan menerapkan teori kepemimpinan transformatif bersama dengan konsep ashabiyah (solidaritas) Ibnu Khaldun, temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa model kepemimpinan hakim syara' mewujudkan pendekatan asabiya (genealogis) transformatif. Pendekatan ini mendorong pembangunan melalui lembaga masjid, seperti yang terlihat dalam inisiatif seperti transisi teks khotbah Jumat dari bahasa Arab ke bahasa Indonesia (Melayu), pembentukan Majelis Taklim, pelaksanaan program pendidikan Al-Qur'an, pembentukan kelompok Pemuda Masjid Darussalam, mengizinkan tamu terhormat di luar klan Bugis setempat untuk menjadi Imam, dan mengundang pembicara ke desa Lilinta. Dampak kepemimpinan hakim syara' terhadap pengembangan pendidikan Islam di Desa Lilinta Misool antara lain revitalisasi fungsi masjid, peningkatan pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat desa, dan pembinaan perubahan perilaku keagamaan warga Desa Lilinta.
MYSTICAL RADIANCE OF MANUSCRIPT: A PARATEXTUAL STUDY OF ISLAMIC ASTRONOMY MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Kila Syahrir , Hamsiati Hamsiati , Hamid Wardiah , Arsyad Abd. Rahman , Idham Idham , Nur Muhammad , Nomay Usman , Wan Sulaiman Wan Shahrazad
Published: November 2024

Society treating manuscripts as objects with mystical power is often viewed as a myth that has no scientific basis. There are differences of perspectives about mystical belief and reality that evoke supernatural phenomenon related to manuscripts. This research analyzes the paratextual aspects of the Islamic Astronomy Manuscript owned by Husen Hatuwe in Keitetu Village, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. The manuscript is used as a guidance to determine the right time for various daily activities and considered to have mystical power by the local community. This research is a philological study which used data collection technique through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The paratextual approach in this research reveals the external narrative aspects of the manuscript, including how the local culture influences and get influenced by the existence of the manuscript. Apart from serving as a guidance to determine the right time for religious rituals, this manuscript is also Mystical Radiance of Manuscript … – Syahrir Kila, et.al | 253 believed to have spiritual power that maintains the social balance in the community. In addition, this research contributes to the attempt to preserve the ancient manuscripts in Maluku, which most of them are damaged due to inadequate storage as well as analyze the role of this manuscript in the social, spiritual, and cultural context of the local community.
PROHIBITION ON SELLING RICE IN THE TANAH PAJIMATAN KI AGENG SELO GROBOGAN AREA
Authors: Wangsanata Susana Aditiya , Rahayu Sucik , Triono Teguh Iman , Khakim Ahmad Lukman , Jauro Alfa , Maulidawati Maulidawati
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to uncover the meaning behind the prohibition of selling rice in the area of the tomb of Ki Ageng Selo in Grobogan, Central Java. This research employs a field study method with a qualitative research type. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques. Data collection techniques are conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation with the caretaker of Ki Ageng Selo's tomb, Mr. Abdul Rohim, and traders in the area of the tomb. The results of this study indicate that the meaning of the prohibition on selling rice in the area of Ki Ageng Selo's tomb is a teaching to become generous individuals, to honor guests, and to possess a high social spirit. The teaching of generosity is demonstrated by Ki Ageng Selo through the provision of food (ingkung), which is a whole chicken cooked for guests. The teaching of honoring guests is shown through Ki Ageng Selo's concern in the way he serves guests with warmth. The teaching of having a high social spirit is reflected in the respect and appreciation for guests who come. This phenomenon serves as a lesson for the community, especially the people of Selo, that it is essential to possess a generous nature, to honor guests, and to have a high social spirit. The findings indicate that the experiences of a scholar with karomah (spiritual power) can become teachings or advice that are adhered to by the community. The advice given by Ki Ageng Selo to his descendants not to sell rice around his house has become a tradition to this day. If this tradition is violated, the community in the area of Ki Ageng Selo's tomb believes that misfortune will befall the traders who sell rice.
THE CULTURE OF ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BERNARD SPOLSKY'S LANGUAGE POLICY
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Saudin Budi Marta , Bin Ahmed Amar Bin Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This article examines the culture of Arabic language learning through the perspective of Bernard Spolsky's language policy. Spolsky defines language policy as language practice, language belief, and language management. In the context of Arabic language learning, language policy includes the implementation of appropriate curricula, effective teaching methods, and sustainable management of education. This research uses qualitative studies. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. To perform data analysis, researchers use analytical theory according to Miles and Hiberman by condensing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. At the data validity checking stage, researchers used triangulation methods and peer discussions.The study's findings are as follows: First, the ministry of religion's policy teaching materials are implemented using the minister of religious affairs' decree number 183 of 2019, and the administration of both madrasas construct learning plans, selecting appropriate learning media and methods. In madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Malang, the concept is similar. In developing learning activities, there involves planning for learning. Second, in both madrasas, the actuality of studying Arabic is based on the 2013 curriculum. And the ministry of religion's policy in the field to be more innovative and intensive on learning Arabic, as well as the idea of dimadrasah Aliyah negeri 2 Malang for arabic language learning to be done in a network or from home.
Vergessen in narrativen Interviews: Nicht-Vergessen-Können, Nicht-Wissen-Wollen, Verdrängen, Betäuben, Überschreiben
Authors: von Felden Heide
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag befasst sich vor allem auf empirischer Ebene mit Formen des Vergessens, die in narrativen Interviews zu finden sind. Vorangestellt werden theoretische Überlegungen zur begrifflichen Bandbreite von Vergessen und methodische Hinweise zur Erfassung von Vergessen in narrativen Interviews. Im Mittelpunkt stehen drei Fälle, an denen Beispiele für das Umgehen mit Vergessen aufgezeigt werden. Insgesamt können die Kategorien Nicht-Vergessen-Können, Nicht-Wissen-Wollen, Verdrängen, Betäuben und Überschreiben aus dem empirischen Material herausgearbeitet und in ihrer Bedeutung für die Biographieforschung dargestellt werden.
Selektivitäten des Biographierens. Gedächtnissoziologische Überlegungen zu Formen des Vergessens bei der Rekonstruktion gelebten Lebens
Authors: Dimbath Oliver
Published: November 2024

Biographie hat fast immer etwas mit Vergangenheit bzw. dem Rückgriff auf sie zu tun. Auch wenn es um eine möglichst vollständige Rekonstruktion gelebten Lebens geht, muss mit systematischen Restriktionen im Sinne sozialer Selektivitäten gerechnet werden. In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, das Weglassen biographischer Informationen mit gedächtnissoziologischen Begriffen in den Blick zu nehmen. Biographieren als Konstruktion von Biographie kann einerseits pragmatistisch und andererseits strukturtheoretisch untersucht werden: Zentral sind dann die Relevanzen gegenwärtiger Situationen des Retrospektierens sowie gesellschaftliche Bedingungen, wie sie im Rahmenbegriff nach Maurice Halbwachs gefasst sind. Vergessen, das zunächst als „natürliche“ Folge fehlenden Erinnerns erscheint, hat damit soziale Ursachen. Biographisches Vergessen kann überdies bewusst eingesetzt werden oder zum Ausdruck kommen, wenn bestimmte Erinnerungserwartungen nicht erfüllt werden.
Die Grenzen der Rekonstruktion biographischen Vergessens. Objektiv-hermeneutische Betrachtungen zu epistemischen und methodologischen Limitationen der Biographieforschung
Authors: Kollmer Imke
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag widmet sich den erkenntnislogischen Schwierigkeiten des empirischen Zugriffs auf Vergessen im Kontext einer rekonstruktiven Biographieforschung. Zugleich wird expliziert, dass Vergessen, das untrennbar mit Erinnern verbunden ist, Biographien mitstrukturiert und formt. In Rekurs auf methodisch-methodologische Grundlagen der Objektiven Hermeneutik wird dargelegt, dass Vergessen jedoch keine ausdrucksmateriale Gestalt annimmt, sondern nur vermittelt oder als sein Komplement rekonstruiert werden kann. Erkenntnisleitend ist dabei die Annahme, dass Vergessen nicht ohne externe Quellen oder Konstruktionen der Forscher:innen zum Erkenntnisgegenstand werden kann und dabei rekonstruktionsmethodologische Grundierungen und Implikationen überschreitet.
Biographisches Vergessen aus strukturtheoretischer Perspektive. Methodologische und methodische Überlegungen zum qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Längsschnitt
Authors: Becher Julia
Published: November 2024

Der vorliegende Beitrag legt methodologische und methodische Überlegungen zur Rekonstruktion biographischen Vergessens aus der Perspektive einer strukturtheoretischen Biographieforschung dar und fokussiert dabei den methodischen Zugang des qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Längsschnitts. Ausgehend von einer strukturtheoretischen Perspektive wird das biographische Vergessen im Zusammenhang mit krisendynamischen Bildungsprozessen verstanden, die sich in einer Dialektik von Emergenz und Determination vollziehen. Der qualitativ-rekonstruktive Längsschnitt wird als Methode diskutiert, mit der prozessuale biographische Gedächtnisbildungen und eine Sequenz an Retrospektiven erfasst werden können, die sich entlang biographischer Konvergenzpunkte entfalten. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Verschiebungen im Verhältnis von Erinnern und Vergessen im Zusammenhang mit charismastiftenden Potentialen zu begreifen, die Erinnerungen für die Bearbeitung von Krisen haben. Dies wird exemplarisch anhand einer Fallrekonstruktion dargelegt, die sich auf insgesamt drei Interviews stützt und einen Längsschnitt über zwei Jahre abbildet.