bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Contaminated Sites Remediation Technology
Authors: Liao Shi Guo , Li Dong Wei
Published: December 2011

The contaminated site remediation is an important content of site management. Plans for the introduction of measures and requirements to prevent and remediate soil contamination, particularly through the development of inventories of contaminated sites and the definition of targets for prioritization of remediation actions, are expected to have important consequences for site management practice and national site policies. Nowadays contaminated soil and groundwater treatment technologies can be sorted as three categories, that is bioremediation, chemical treatment and physical treatment. Biodegradation generally refers to the breakdown of organic compounds by living organism eventually resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water or methane. Chemical remediation is a kind of method that chemical reagent, chemical reaction and chemistry principles are used to reduce the mobility, organisms use ratio of heavy metals and decrease the heavy metals in the soil so as to remediate and repair the soil. Physical treatments in the remediation of contaminated site contains revising methods, capping methods, stabilization methods, electrokinetic methods and so on.
Research on the Migration of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in the Soil in Different Leaching Amount
Authors: Sun Xiao Nan , Liu An Ping , Chen Xiu Rong , Jin Shu Chang
Published: December 2011

This paper discusses the migration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination, which concludes the migration rule of the TPH contamination through designing indoor soil column leaching experiments. Through researching the migration concentration of TPH in different leaching amount, results shows that the ability of migration of TPH is more powerful when there is more leaching amount. But overall, the affection caused by different leaching amount is not obvious. The results of this research can provide guidance to the nonproliferation and remediation of petroleum contamination.
Thermal Desorption of Nitrobenzene-Contaminated Soil in a Vertical Heating Oven
Authors: Zhang Pan , Gao Yan Zheng , Kong Huo Liang
Published: December 2011

The effects of desorption temperature, air flow rate and initial soil moisture on the desorption efficiency of nitrobenzene from contaminated soil were investigated. Experiments were conducted with Yellow-brown soil contaminated by nitrobenzene in a vertical heating oven. Results showed that there was a trend that desorption efficiency of nitrobenzene increased with the increase of desorption temperature. At 250 °C, when desorption time was 30 min, desorption efficiency reached 99.8%, and the residual concentration of nitrobenzene in treated soil was only 0.3 mg/kg, which was far less than the A-level limit of Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites of China (HJ 350-2007). Besides, both too high and too low air flow rates were not in favor of nitrobenzene desorption. When the air flow rate was 2.6 m3/h, a maximal desorption efficiency reached during the early thermal desorption. In addition, initial soil moisture had a significant influence on desorption efficiency during the early thermal desorption. Nevertheless, with increasing desorption time, the effect of soil moisture diminished gradually and when desorption time reached 30 min, the effect nearly disappeared. The results obtained from this work could provide some scientific foundations for the practical soil remediation for nitrobenzene-contaminated sites by thermal desorption technology.
The Particle Size Distribution, Gross Contents of Heavy Metals and its Leaching Behavior of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration of Chongqing
Authors: Liu Si Chen , Jiang Chang Sheng , Hao Qing Ju , Li Qing Ling , Shi Yan
Published: December 2011

The distributions in different particle sizes of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in spring and autumn were studied by sieve method, and the heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg in different size particles were measured, and the heavy metal leaching amount in the different particle size were also studied under the GB5085.3-2007 and USEPA-TCLP leaching procedure, respectively. The results showed that the particle size of fly ash in autumn was relatively smaller than that of in spring, more than 90% of particle size of fly ash in spring and autumn were less than 250 μm, and the particle size in 83-105 μm of fly ash in spring distributes in most with about 40% of the total, but 105-149 μm in autumn distributes in most, accounted for about 45% of the total. The content of heavy metals decreased first and then increased with the decreasing particle sizes except for Ni, and the content of heavy metals in the spring is higher than that of in autumn except for Fe and Zn. Under the GB5085.3-2007 leaching procedure, the leaching content of Cu, Zn and Ni in MSWI fly ash in both spring and autumn and Cr in spring were not beyond limited standard, but Pb and Cd in both spring and autumn and Cr in autumn were beyond limited standard. However, under TCLP leaching procedure, the leaching content of Pb, Cr and Cd in both spring and autumn were beyond the standard limits.
Study on the Effect of Exposure Duration on Recommended Target of Cd-Contaminated Soil Remediation
Authors: Sun Xiao Song , Liu An Ping , Zhou Hang , Sun Xiao Nan , Sun Jian Ming
Published: December 2011

Based on the process of health risk assessment for Cd contaminated sites, study the relationship between exposure duration and recommended target of soil remediation. This paper discusses the changes (from 7.7 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg, from 9.1 mg/kg to 3.8 mg/kg) of recommended target for soil remediation when the exposure duration has large changes (EDa ranges from 6a to 36a, EDc ranges from 1a to 12a). The results point out that both EDa and EDc have effects on recommended target of soil remediation, and in general, exposure duration and recommended target of soil remediation vary inversely.
Simulation Research on Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants Transport in Saturated Zone by Two-Dimensional Sandbox
Authors: Li Ju Feng , Dai Xiao Li , Zhang Kun Feng , Chen Chun Mao
Published: December 2011

In order to describe petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants (PHCs) transport feature in saturated zone, two-dimensional sandbox was designed to carry out physical simulation experiment, and infiltration, migration and distribution of PHCs in saturated zone were investigated. Meanwhile, MOFAT simulator was selected to carry out numerical simulation research, and simulator accuracy was analyzed by comparing to physical simulation data. Results indicated that MOFAT simulator could simulate and predict PHCs transport behavior in saturated zone.
Determination of Pb-Contamination and Remediation Boundary Based on a Specific Site
Authors: Liu An Ping , Sun Xiao Nan , Zhao Fang , Sun Xiao Song , Ren Wei , Sun Jian Ming
Published: December 2011

In the remediation of heavy metal contaminated site, determining the remediation boundary of contaminated site and amount of contaminated soil are important link of the entire work. This paper uses surfer software to draw out a picture of Pb-contamination distribution in different soil layers, determines a remediation boundary, and provides a reliable basis and brings great convenience for later repair work.
Study on Procedure Toxicity and Harmless Disposal of Manganese Mine Tailing Slag
Authors: Huang Wen Zhang , Lu Ning
Published: December 2011

Manganese mine slag was the salvage in the course of manganese producing. Many matters shall be extracted by rain eluviation and then turn into the water and soil to pollute environment. The water content and extraction procedure toxicity of the manganese waste residue were studied. Combining solidification additive was used to process the manganese waste residue for the harmless disposal. The results showed that the contents of Manganese、Zinc、Chromium and Cadmium in the manganese waste slag exceeded the maximum of the Chinese Identification standard for hazardous wastes. The extraction procedure toxicity was effectively decreased by the harmless disposal when the proportion of cement and manganese in the whole mine slag was 60%, and the content of heavy metals in the leaching solution were under the standard. Hence, the method of cement solidification could control the pollution to the environment effectively.
Chemical Oxidation Treatment for Semi Volatile Organic Compounds Contaminated Brownfield Site: A Case Study
Authors: Wei Yan Fei , Zhong Zhong , Gu Zhen Yu , Qiu Zhi , Zhang Chang Bo , Sun Fu Cheng
Published: December 2011

Brownfield, as a result of old and polluting industries being relocated away from urban areas, is an emerging problem since these contaminated lands pose and obstacle to urban and economic development. Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are common contaminants found in brownfield sites that used to be manufacturing industries or agrochemical plants. Chemical oxidation has the potential to provide rapid, cost-effective treatment for brownfield contaminated with SVOCs. In this study, a pilot study of chemical oxidation was demonstrated for brownfield remediation in a specific site that used to be an agrochemical plant in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Preliminary site characterization suggested that the site was primarily contaminated by o-anisidine and its derivatives with trace amount of o-nitrochlorobenzene and other chemicals. The contaminants soil was pretreated and mixed with two selected oxidants at different soil-to-oxidant ratio. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and after the treatments to compare the concentration changes of primary contaminants. The results showed that combinations of TA-1 oxidant and AOP-2 oxidant with several different ratios could provide 90% or more removal of targeted contaminants in two weeks, with an average cost of oxidants per ton of soil around 400 RMB. This is the first report for brownfield remediation case study in Zhejiang since “Clean Soil Action” was initiated by Zhejiang Provincial Government. The successful treatment for SVOCs contaminated brownfield in this study would promote chemical oxidation treatment to be employed in brownfield sites with similar situations in Zhejiang province in the future.
Study on the Adsorption-Desorption Behavior of Cr in Soil as Affect by Zeolite
Authors: Ke Xin , Xu Guang Zhen , Niu Lin Lin , Zhao Xin , Li Run Dong , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2011

Under laboratory simulation experimental model, through adding exogenous chromium and CaCl2 solution, we research adsorption, desorption characteristics of Cr in soils with or without fixative (zeolite). Research shows that: The soil with zeolite can increase adsorption capacity of soil for Cr, it can also reduce the desorption quantity of Cr. In thermodynamics experiment, Freundlich equation is one of the best model to describe adsorption、desorption characteristics for Cr in soil with or without zeolite.; In kinetics experiment, adding zeolite to soil could increase adsorption rate for Cr and decrease the desorption rate for Cr ,we could use Elovich equation to describe adsorption、desorption characteristics of soils with or without zeolite for Cr.
Compound Heavy Metal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment Based on Hazard Quotients
Authors: Sun Xiao Nan , Chen Xiu Rong , Liu An Ping , Lv Shi Ming , Yao Xing Xing
Published: December 2011

On the basis of investigation of specific heavy metals contaminated site, use compound heavy metal hazard quotients to do a assessment for potential health risk. The primarily detected excessive heavy metals are Zn, Gr, Cu and Hg. Results indicate that: in the surface (0~30 cm) and subsurface (30~70 cm), the compound heavy metal hazard quotients of sampling point 7#, 12#, 13# 6#, 7#, 12#, and 13# are greater than 1, and soil exists heavy metal contamination; in 70cm~100cm soil layer, the hazard quotients of all monitoring points are less than 1, therefore in these layers soil is not contaminated, and there are no need for remediation. The result reflects compound heavy metal contamination directly, and provides a reference for later remediation work.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Porous Quartz Ceramics via the Atmospheric Pressure Sintering Method
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Wang Fang , Ju Yin Yan , Xu Ming Han , Li Shi Bin
Published: December 2011

Porous quartz ceramics were produced using river sand from the Yangtze River in China as the raw material via the atmospheric pressure sintering method. The influence of the sintering temperature on the density, the porosity, the porous structure and the outside shape of ceramics were investigated in this paper.The conclusions show that the sintering temperature increased, the microstructure of the samples changed accordingly and the density increased, while the porosity decreased, the micropores edge gradually become smooth. The optimum sintering temperature of porous quartz ceramics was obtained at 1100 °C as determined by an analysis of the performance price ratio of the porous quartz ceramics, the density is 1.25g/cm3, the porosity is 49.5%, the outside shape is regular, the micropore edge are smooth.
Study on Low-Temperature Fast-Firing CuO-MnO2-TiO2-NiO with Oxidizing Flame in the Preparation Process of Metallic Lustre Artistic Glaze Optimization
Authors: Shi Xiao Tao , Zhang Ting , Fan Xue Yun , Zhong Huang
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The subject is mainly about making metallic lustre glaze at a low temperature with the basic glaze of lead frit and the nucleation agent of metallic oxides of CuO-MnO2-TiO2-NiO. It makes a study on the effect on the metallic lustre glaze through observing the process factors like the formula of glaze, the content of additive, the thickness of the glaze and the firing system. The results show that the optimum formula is Mn and Cu,The mass ratio of TiO2 ,NiO and CeO2 is respectively 4, 16%, 4.5% and 4.5%.
Temperature Stable Bi1.3Yb0.7O3-BaTiO3 Relaxor Ferroelectric
Authors: Qi Jun Ting , Hao Jun Jie , Zhang Yun Xia , Liu Bo , Wang Xiao Jia
Published: December 2011

A new system, Bi1.3Yb0.7O3-BaTiO3was found as a perovskite dielectrics with some advantageous properties. The structure was identified by X-ray diffraction method and SEM was also employed to observe the surface and fracture morphologies. The studies indicate that the relative dielectric constant initially increases and then decreases slightly, the dielectric loss initially decreases and finally close to a stable value. The experimental results reveal that the grain size became smaller initially, then increase after the sample E and finally the sample F had the maximum grain size. Experiments show the system Bi1.3Yb0.7O3-BaTiO3can significantly improve the thermal stability of the BaTiO3ceramics. Electric hysteresis loop show that the system is relaxor ferroelectric. The samples doped with 20% BiYbO3calcined at 750°C for 2h and then sintered at 1280°C for 2h exhibited attractive properties, including high relative dielectric constant (>1000), low dielectric loss (<2.5%), low temperature coefficient of capacitor (<±15%) over a wide temperature range from －55°C to +180°C, satisfying EIA X8R specifications.
The Influences of NaNbO3 on the Dielectric and Structure Characteristics of (1-X) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–x NaNbO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wu Chia Ching , Lin Ying Hsun , Cheng Ping Shou , Chan Chao Chin , Yang Cheng Fu
Published: December 2011

Perovskite-based (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x NaNbO3 [(1-x) NBT-x NN, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4] ceramics were sintered at 1080°C. Dielectric characteristics, crystalline structures, and Raman investigations were carried out on (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x NaNbO3 ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that NaNbO3 ceramic would form a solid solution with (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramic, and and unknown or second phases were not observable as well. NaNbO3 ceramic diffused into the crystalline structure of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramic and (1-x) NBT-x NN ceramics still revealed a rhombohedral structure. The temperature-dielectric constant curves showed that as NN content increased, the temperature to reveal the maximum dielectric constant (Tm) was raised, the depolarization temperature (Td) was shifted to lower value, and the dielectric constant at Tm and the loss tangent at Td gradually decreased. The Raman bands at 770 and 830 cm-1 were attributed to the existence of the oxygen vacancies. In this study, the relaxor-type ferroelectric properties of NBT ceramic had been improved as NN ceramic was added.
Thermal Characterization of Polyurethane from Castor Oil Reinforced Sugarcane Straw Composites
Authors: Miléo Patricia Câmara , de Moraes Rocha George Jackson , Gonçalves Adilson Roberto
Published: December 2011

The development in the area of natural-fibre-reinforced composites has greatly increased in recent years. Using castor oil polyurethane (PU) as matrix for composites reinforced with lignin and cellulose from sugarcane straw is in tune with economical and environmental interests. The aim of this work was the thermal degradation study of castor oil-polyurethane composites reinforced with cellulose from sugarcane straw. For the obtainment of cellulose, sugarcane straw was pretreated by steam explosion, followed by a delignification with NaOH. For the production of the PU, the polyol (castor oil) to diisocyanate mass ratio was 1.5:1.0. Reinforcement of the matrix was done changing the concentration of cellulose fibres (5,10,15,20% w/w). Thermogravimetric analysis of the materials was carried out. The results obtained showed that the process of decomposition of the matrix occurs in one step, while for the composites it occurs in two steps. The addition of reinforcement in the matrix basically did not change the thermal stability of the composite.
Tensile Properties of Hot Extruded Mg-Zn-Nd-Y-Zr Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Zhou Hai Tao , Zhang Zhen Dong , Liu Rui Rui , Liu Li Bin
Published: December 2011

Mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Zn-Nd-Y-Zr alloy are investigated by tensile tests at various temperatures range from room temperature to 350°C with strain rates of 6.0×10-4-6.0×10-1s-1. It is found that the peak decrease with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate, while the elongation increases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. When deformation temperature is over 250°C, superplasticity occurs. This is ascribed to grain boundary sliding accommodated cavities growth. . At low temperature, the peak stress are a relatively higher than that of ZK60 alloy. This is explained by the grain refining effect and the precipitates of Mg9Nd and Mg6Zn3Y2.
Iterative Learning Control Based on Radial Basis Function Network for Exoskeleton Arm
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Yu , Tong He Ting , Han Ray P.S.
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we propose iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for exoskeleton arm driven by pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM), with special and unknown parameters, performing repetitive tasks. This desired control input of ILC was estimated by radial basis function (RBF) neural network incorporated experience database. An ILC controller, which uses the position of the joint where an angular sensor is used as the input of the ILC controller, is developed and tested on exoskeleton arm under well controlled conditions. RBF neural network was proposed to obtain the initial value of ILC. The experiment result on the experimental platform show that the algorithm is successful also in the application of exoskeleton arm.
Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane-Modified Polyurethane Dispersion/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Noh Heun Hyo , Lee Jong Keun , Liu Xing , Choi Yong Man
Published: December 2011

Polyurethane dispersion modified with polymethylsiloxane (Si-PUD) and its nanocomposites incorporated with clays (Cloisite 15A and 30B at 3 and 6 wt%) were synthesized and characterized in this work. FTIR analysis showed that Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites were successfully manufactured. While the glass transition temperature was not affected by the modification of the siloxane and clays, thermal resistance from TGA and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break from UTM were largely enhanced at 3 wt% of both C15A and C30B clay. Higher content of 6 wt% of C30B has inferior to other Si-PUD samples containing clay in mechanical properties. Surface with higher hydrophobicity was observed for Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites compared to PUD.
Preparation of Starch/PS-g-MAH Blends and Effect on Controlled Release of Herbicide
Authors: Tai Li Min
Published: December 2011

PS was chemically modified by grafting with maleic anhydride to obtain PS-g-MAH on a single-screw extrude. The blending of starch and PS-g-MAH was carried out to prepare the degradable composite materials by melt extrusion on the extruder. The fractured surfaces of the blends were observed and discussed with the different incorporation of starch by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results exhibited that MAH improved the component compatibility of the blends. Then the starch/PS-g-MAH blends were used as the carrier for preparing bensulfuron-methyl CRFs. The bensulfuron-methyl CRFs’ release performance was investigated in the different pH value media by UV analysis. It was shown that the starch/PS-g-MAH matrix has obvious controlled-release function, and the release rate in a basic medium is much higher than in an acidic or neutral medium. The bensulfuron-methyl CRFs should have the longer validity in acidic soil, and have an important potential in reducing inefficient use and impact of pesticides in the environment.
Quick Cultivation of Micro-Aerobic Granular Sludge for Simultaneous Nitrogen Removal
Authors: Liu Xiao , Guo Li Na
Published: December 2011

In order to accelerate the cultivation of micro-aerobic granular sludge for domestic sewage treatment, an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor seeded with excess sludge was employed. It was found that micro-aerobic granules can form and grew compact within one month, and remained stable during the later operation, the mature cultivation had average particle size of 0.81mm, and 64% of the granules had settling velocity above 35m•h-1. Moreover, excellent COD and nitrogen removal were obtained. For hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5h, as the recirculation ratio and oxygenation rate were set at 6.5 and 0.25g•L-1d-1respectively, COD removal ranged in 80%-91%, leaving effluent COD below 50mg•L-1. The removal efficiency of ammonium and total nitrogen (TN) were 72%-89% and 76%-87%, respectively with effluent concentration down to 3-12mg•L-1and 5-14mg•L-1. Results showed that the efficiency of simultaneous nitrogen removal was much influenced by effluent recirculation and oxygenation rate in micro-aerobic EGSB reactor.
The Green Design of Modern High-Rise Office Building Internal Space
Authors: Ye Zhong Hua
Published: December 2011

The design of internal space of the building is an important part of modern high-rise office building. Based on the long term practice of the design of modern high-rise building, the green design of modern high-rise office building internal space from the aspect of optimum design of core tube, functional space, healthy space, humanized space are discussed. According to a green design of modern high-rise office building internal space in Guangzhou, the design skills are analyzed and explained, which provides a reference for other projects.
Preparation of Phenol–Formaldehyde Foams Using Fulvic Acid
Authors: Zhang Xiang Lin , Wang Zheng An , Su Xiao
Published: December 2011

Abstract：preparation fulvic acid(FA) from lignite in particular process，fulvic acid- phenol-formaldehyde foams(FAPF) were synthesized using the FA as the replacement of phenol at varying ratios from 15-60 wt.%. The effects of foaming agent (dichlormethan)，surface active agent(tween-80) ，curing agengt(hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid 1:1wt/wt), foaming temperature and FA amount on the property of foam were determined.Curing and foaming were synchronized when foaming agent was 2-6wt.% of the resin, surface active agent was 3-4wt.%,curing agengt was 12-16wt%,foaming temperature was 70-80 °C and FA less than 40wt.%. structure and characterized performance analysis of FAPF Through the Fourier infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric (TG) and compressive strength. The results show that: FA could be used as a very good material of partly replace phenol.
Esterification and its Kinetics of Acetic Acid with 2-Methoxyethanol over a Ce-Pillared Layer Clay Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yong Jie
Published: December 2011

A novel clay containing a heterogenized Ce(SO4)2 complex (Ce-bentonite) has been prepared via ion exchange of a Chinese Na+-bentonite with pillared layer clay complex. It was established that the active species [Ce(OH)3]+ was situated on the external surface of the catalyst, which was found to be efficient in the liquid-phase esterification of acetic acid with 2-methoxyethanol.
Comparative Analysis on Chemical Composition and Charcoal Characterization of Two Miscanthus Species
Authors: Zhang Wen Biao , Li Wen Zhu , Zheng Bing Song
Published: December 2011

Miscanthus is a highly productive, rhizomatous, C4 perennial grass that should be considered as an excellent active carbon precursor. This paper compares the charcoal characterization and chemical composition between M. sinensis and M. floridulus. Species differed in water content, hot water extract, 1% NaOH extract, organic solvent extract, cellulose, lignin and ash. Carbonization temperatures have effects on charcoal yields of Miscanthus, which ranged from 23.5% to 48.0% for M. sinensis and 11.3% to 37.2% for M. floridulus. Water content, charcoal density, pH value, and specific surface area of charcoal characterization varied between two species of Miscanthus. The specific surface area increased with the increase of carbonization temperature. The highest specific surface area of M. sinensis and M. floridulus was 351.74 m2g−1and 352.74 m2g−1, respectively, when the carbonization temperature was 800°C.
A Theoretical Study on Photosensitizers of Solar-Energy Cell: Transition Metal Carboxyphthalocyanine Complexes
Authors: Xuan Li Chun , Guo Yuan Ru , Pan Qing Jiang
Published: December 2011

Transition metal phthalocyanine complexes have been applied in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), owing to their high absorbance coefficient in red-light region, good thermodynamic stability and facile synthesis. Structures of carboxyphthalocyanine complexes containing zinc, cadmium and mercury were optimized using the B3LYP functional. The M-N distances (M = Zn, Cd and Hg) were calculated to be 2.03, 2.12 and 2.16 Å, respectively. On the basis of these geometries, the electronic spectra in ethanol were predicted at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level. It was shown that the variation of Zn→Cd→Hg changes the transition nature of lower-energy absorption, but slightly affects the excitation energies. In addition, the effects of basis sets (Lan2DZ and SDD), solvent-effect models (PCM and CPCM) and solvents (ethanol and methanol) on absorption spectra were discussed in detail.
The Study of Thermal Effect in Liquid Crystal Director
Authors: Ye Zheng Yu , Wang Zhi Yong
Published: December 2011

The model of thermal effect for liquid crystal director was built. The temperature field of liquid crystal was numerically studied. The effects of laser irradiation time and the crystal size on the thermal effect were analyzed and compared. With the increase of laser irradiation time, the temperature field became stable.
Study on the Synthesis and Application of THPS-OMMT-MDFP Nanocomposite Flame Retardant
Authors: Yang Jin Wei , Ling Hui Jiao , Xiang Ling , Li Feng Ying , Zhang Zheng Yuan , Li Li Xin
Published: December 2011

A new type of amino resin nanocomposite(THPS-OMMT-MDFP) was synthesized from amino resin(MDFP), Tetra-hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate(THPS) and Organ-montmorillonite (OMMT)by intercalation compounding method. It was characterized by FT-IR，XRD and TG/DTG and applied to the preparation of flam-retardant leather. The flame retardant performance was characterized by Oxygen index (OI) test. The results showed that the nanocomposite was obtained as expected and had effective flame retardant performance.
Preparation of Y4MgSi3O13:Tb3+,Ce3+ Green Emitting Phosphor for White Light Emitting Diodes and its Luminescence Study
Authors: Song Guo Hua , Jiang Bin , Miao Jian Wen , Ding Bang Dong
Published: December 2011

The Y4MgSi3O13:Tb3+,Ce3+green phosphors are synthesized by sol-gel method, the preparation temperature, reduction atmosphere and luminescence characteristics of Y4MgSi3O13doped with single Ce3+ions and Ce3+,Tb3+ions have been studied. The excitation and emission spectra of phosphors is determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that: luminous intensity of Y4MgSi3O13:Tb3+phosphors increased after doped with Ce3+ions and the optimal doping concentration of Ce3+is 0.04. Y3.94MgSi3O13: 0.02Tb3+,0.04Ce3+green phosphor has the best luminescence characteristics under reduction atmosphere(H2:N2=1:3) at 1000°C, the phosphor gives intense green emission at 550nm originating from the5D4→7F5transition of Tb3+ions.
A New Method to Measure the Absorption Coefficient of the Automotive Driving Room Based on the Sound Pressure Delaying
Authors: Zhu Cong Yun , Shi Jian Ru , Yang Shu Feng
Published: December 2011

Absorption coefficient is an important parameter of the absorption function of the absorption material. Traditional measurement methods of absorption coefficient are standing wave tube and reverberation which have some shortcomings. In this paper, phase of the sound pressure measured by two equal distance microphones placed in the front of the absorption material is delayed in order to attain the absorption coefficient. At the last, an experiment for one absorption material is carried out, the experiment results compare with the results of the other methods above mentioned that denotes that the theory is correct and practicable.
Second-Harmonic Generation of the Chalcogenide Amorphous Film by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Hu Jun , Gu Shao Xuan
Published: December 2011

PLD(pulsed laser deposition) method was used to prepare amorphous GeS2-Ga2S3-CdS chalcogenide film. Obvious SHG(second harmonic generation) was observed in electron beam irradiated film by Maker fringe method. According to Raman spectra, we discussed the mechanism of SHG and ascribed the origination of SHG to the local electric field generation under electron beam and uneven charge distribution. With the increase of accelerating voltage and the extension of irradiation time, the SHG intensity increased and reached the maximum, which is due to the enhancement of breakage of glassy isotropy with gradually increased incident electron energy and the finite population of electric dipoles leading to the saturation of SH intensity.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Prediction by FEM in the Hot Strip Rolling
Authors: Mei Rui Bin , Li Chang Sheng , Liu Xiang Hua
Published: December 2011

It is necessary to know the heat transfer intensity for predicting temperature distribution in the hot strip rolling process. The HTC (heat transfer coefficient) was usually obtained by the experiments and mathematical model. In this paper the HTC prediction was discussed based on the measured or target temperature by the proposed finite element method (FEM). The temperature evolution and HTC in the hot strip rolling process according to a certain plant were analyzed by the iteration calculation. The result shows that the HTC between strip and work roll was much more than the value in the air cooling and water cooling process. Furthermore, the HTC value is lower in the air cooling process compared with that of water cooling. The maximum and minimum value of HTC were about 1.5×105 (W/m2.K) and 80(W/m2.K) respectively. The temperature in the rough rolling according to the predicted HTC has been solved and the calculated results have a good agreement to the meausred value. Therefore, the research could be used to control the temperature distribution accurately and optimize the parameters.
Study on Elevated-Temperature Performance of LiCo0.02Cr0.02Mn1.96O4 by Surface Modification
Authors: Lu Xing He , Han Dong , Zhang Guang Qing , Ma Nan , Liu Si Fei
Published: December 2011

The elevated-temperature performance of LiCo0.02Cr0.02Mn1.96O4cathode material, by SiO2-Al2O3surface modification, has been studied. The cathode material was been deal with SiO2-Al2O3, and then heated on certain temperature to get rid of organic material. The material structures that been modified (unmodified) were characterized by XRD, SEM and SpectraPlus. X-ray diffraction shows that all the samples have perfect spinel structure. The cycle stability of charge & discharge has been improved at 55°C. The results of the charge/discharge curves shows that the modified cathode materials have better performance than those unmodified, according to the inhibition of decline of reversible capacity of spinel LiCo0.02Cr0.02Mn1.96O4.Therefore, cycle performance has improved so obviously that 87.92% of the initial capacity were preserved respectively after 100 cycles. As cathode material of Lithium-ion battery, the modified spinel material is one of the most competitive substitutes for LiCoO2.
Ground Adaptability Characterization for Digging in Complex Geotechnical Conditions and Risk Mitigation
Authors: Yu Wei Wei , Guo Xuan
Published: December 2011

Characterization of geotechnical digging and control the dynamical settlement is very necessary to mitigate construction risk. The metro tunnels of being constructed access to each other or near to the ground is high risk and physically difficult and costly. The control method becomes imperative. Some cases of digging prediction of ground movements and assessment of risk of damage to above or adjacent constructions have become an important issue especially in urban projec. Ground adaptability characterization is the key of control the tunneling in complex geotechnical conditions both in rock and soft stratum. High and changed water-soil pressure also is risk factors to effect tunneling process. Beside discussion of risk mitigation associate to tunnel construction, the developing settlement control and simulations are given to describe the methods of control risk.
Study on Conductive Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Filled Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Nan Xue Li , Li Xiao Min
Published: December 2011

In order to investigate conductive mechanism of carbon fiber filled cement-based composites, the conductive properties of cement paste, carbon fiber filled cement-based composites containing different contents of carbon fibers or aggregates were studied. Experimental results indicate that the electrical resistance of the plain cement paste obviously increases with hydration time, which results from the ionic conduction in strong electrolyte solution. The electrical resistivity of the carbon fiber filled cement-based composites decreases with the increase of fiber content. Both contacting conduction and ionic conduction are in charge of the electrical conduction in these composites. The electrical resistivity of the carbon fiber filled cement-based composites decreases under compression, which is due to the improvement of interface contact between matrix and fibers and the increase of fiber bridging probability. The fiber pull-out and breaking under tension lead to an increase in electrical resistivity of these composites. Aggregates block fiber dispersion and contact. This causes an increase in electrical resistivity of the composites.
Effects of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Inoculants on the Micro-Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Fe-Si-Mn Steels
Authors: Fang Lin , Cui Chun Xiang , Wang Tie Bao , He Chuang , Jia Kuo
Published: December 2011

In order to increase the modifying effect, the Fe-V-Nb alloy was rapidly solidified with melt-spin method, and the nano-sized ribbon was gained at 40-45 rad/s. Subsequently, Fe-Si-Mn spring steels was modified by amorphous and nanocrystalline. The results show that the microscopic structure of Fe-Si-Mn spring steels modified by amorphous and nanocrystalline is better than micro-alloyed with the same amount of niobium and vanadium, the mechanical properties of Fe-Si-Mn spring steels modified by Fe-V-Nb intermediate alloy are improved evidently: the yield-strength is reached to 1484 Mpa, the yield ratio is reached to 0.94 and the hardness is reached to 64HRC when specimens quenched.
Adhesion Mechanism Analysis of Prepainted Steel Sheet at UV Ageing Test
Authors: Wang Lei , An Cheng Qiang , Sun Jie , Yu Hai Yun , Liu Chang Sheng
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study is to analyse the adhesion mechanism of prepainted steel sheet at UV ageing to simulate nature environment by means of T-bend, FTIR, SEM, EIS. After 2000 hours of ageing in the UV chamber we observed the adhesion decline of prepainted steel sheet by the T-bend test. Taking into account the characteristic peak position and intensity of FTIR spectroscopy was Hardly any change during the ageing period, there is no chemistry reaction on the organic coatings. However, After 2000 hours ageing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the prepainted steel sheet showed lower impedance. SEM result indicated that larger defects were found on the coating surface, which it is easy that the outside corrosive substances to meet metal substrate. In this way, the corrosive medium accelerated corrosion electrochemical reaction on the metal. growing corrosion products diffused between the metal substrate and the organic coating to destroy their binding. At last, the increscent corrosive area on metal interface caused the adhesion decline.
The Use of Residual Rice Husk Ash from Thermal Power Plant as Cement Replacement Material in Producing Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Sua Iam Gritsada , Makul Natt
Published: December 2011

This paper presents the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating residual rice husk ash (RHA) from thermal power plant. It was ground by a mechanical grinding method using ceramic ball mill until having the volume moment mean of 24.32 micrometer. The cementitious materials (Portland cement Type 1, OPC, and RHA) for all SCC mixtures content was kept constantly at 550 kg/m3. RHA was partially replaced in Portland cement (0, 10, 20 and 40%wt.) in producing SCC with the controlled water/cementitious (W/C) ratios of 0.28 and 0.33 by weight. Tests of fresh state properties were investigated including slump flow, V-funnel flowing time, unit weight. Further, compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity were tested. It is concluded that an optimum RHA replacement level of 20%wt. has the best performance of the SCC with different levels of RHA.
Improvement of Resistance of Concrete Against Chloride Ingression Using a New Admixture
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yao Xiao , Mu Ru
Published: December 2011

This paper studies a new admixture used to improve the resistance of concrete against the chloride penetration. The minerals blends, e.g., fly ash and GGBFS, can significantly improve the resistance of concrete against chloride penetration, which is one of the main reasons causing the corrosion of rebar in concrete. Another measure used to recover the resistance of rebar against corrosion is corrosion inhibitor. The new admixture investigated herein is fabricated by combination of corrosion inhibitor and mineral additive to form a new admixture. One of the typical composition of the new admixture is (in mass percentages) with calcium nitrite 20%~30%, calcined gypsum 15%~20%, instant layered sodium metasilicate 5%~10%, hexamethylene tetramine 3%~5%, sodium tripolyphosphate 1%~3%, water reducer 0% ~20%, AEA 0% ~ 0.4% (optional) and fly ash. Series of tests have been carried out to verify the performance of the new admixture. The results showed that by adding the new admixture with mass dosage of 3~5% of the cementitious materials into concrete, the penetration of chloride of chloride into concrete is significantly slowed down. Also, the new admixture is compared with conventional products experimentally and it is proved that the new admixture does have advantage in the resistance against corrosion of steel bars in concrete.
Performance of Asphalt Mixture Used for Asphalt Treated Base of Perpetual Pavements
Authors: Liu Fu Ming , Wang Duan Yi
Published: December 2011

This paper presents the results of laboratory and performance tests for an asphalt treated base (ATB) and mixes developed in this study for perpetual asphalt pavements. Laboratory tests for the mixes included moisture susceptibility, wheel tracking and fatigue tests. The results of performance test indicated that the resistances of the high content binder ATB against moisture and fatigue damage were better than those of the lower one. It was also found from the full scale test sections that the tensile strain values at the bottom of the asphalt layer for the ATB sections were low when the asphalt layer thicknesses of the ATB sections were not thicker than those of the conventional sections. All the tensile strain values measured from the ATB sections were within the fatigue endurance limit of 70 microstrain which is the fatigue criterion of a perpetual asphalt pavement.
Effect of Differential Speed Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheets
Authors: Liu Hua Qiang , Tang Di , Mi Zhen Li , Li Zhen
Published: December 2011

The grain size and the distribution of crystal orientation have an important effect on the mechanical properties of wrought AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets. Because the AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets rolled by conventional rolling have a poor formability at room temperature, a new rolling technology of differential speed rolling is used to improve the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy. The research shows that the number of twinning crystal decreases, the number of the core of dynamically recrystallized grain increases, and the grain size become fine and isotropy by differential speed rolling with the increase of the reduction and the improving of the rolling temperature to some extent. The differential speed rolling not only improves the isotropy of the basal texture and also improves the microstructure and mechanical properties.
Under Uniaxial Compression of Rock Specimens of Two Cracking of Shear Failure Mode Analysis
Authors: Liu Jie , Yi Deng Jun , Cai Jian , Luo Shi Wei , Xiao Lei
Published: December 2011

The dissertation introduced first simple uniaxial compression test of concrete, and in the specimen under uniaxial compression of the breakage mode reinforced and improved. For tensile destruction and shear failure damage model, bring forward the corresponding calculation model and some model set up compressive strength and tensile strength of the interrelations with each other, analysis of compressive strength and much higher than the tensile strength.In addition, from different model, drew diagrams with Matlab software，analysis of the compressive strength and tensile strength of the intrinsic value of relations.Finally, model for the primary split breakage and that shear failure can be ignored, used the buckling theory and the theory of mutation analysis, and calculated the corresponding critical stress.
Green Energy Anode Materials: Pyrolytic Carbons Derived from Peanut Shells for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Fey George Ting Kuo , Lin Yu Yen , Huang Kai Pin , Lin Yi Chuan , Kumar T. Prem , Cho Yung Da , Kao Hsien Ming
Published: December 2011

Disordered carbons prepared by the pyrolysis of peanut shells with and without a porogen were investigated. The first-cycle lithium insertion capacity of the porogen-treated carbon was 3504 mAh/g, and was related to the high surface area (2099 m2/g) of the carbon. It was concluded from x-ray diffraction studies that the extra lithium was stored in the microporous voids in the carbon. The large irreversible capacity for this carbon is believed to be associated with the loss of lithium through its reaction with surface groups as well as with lithium plating and subsequent passive film formation. The impedance profiles of the carbons at various potentials were analyzed and modeled with suitable equivalent circuits. Charge-discharge studies with the porogen-treated carbon, pre-charged and discharged prior to use in coin cells, indicated that the first-cycle reversible capacity was the greatest when the charge-discharge rate was 0.4 C. The carbon maintained capacities of about 325 mAh/g for 20 cycles, and then stabilized around 380 mAh/g for over 70 cycles.
Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Poly Silicate Aluminium Ferric Boron (PSAFB)
Authors: Lin Qin Tie , Pan Han Ping , Liu Guo Guang
Published: December 2011

Some conditional experiments for the preparation of Poly Silicate Aluminium Ferric Boron (PSAFB) composite flocculant and its coagulation and flocculation for the removal of CODCr were conducted and discussed．Preliminary results show the optimum synthesis condition as follows: Si/Al( mole ratio) =2/1, Si/Fe( mole ratio)=1/1,Si/B( mole ratio)=10/1. Under optimal operating conditions，PSAFB can remove 69.3％ of CODCr from the printing and dyeing wastewater.
Enhanced Electrochemical Cycle Stability of RE-Mg-Ni System A2B7-Type Alloys by Melt Spinning and Substituting La with Pr
Authors: Ren Hui Ping , Li Bao Wei , Hou Zhong Hui , Liu Xiao Gang , Chen Le Le , Zhang Yang Huan
Published: December 2011

It has come to light that the poor electrochemical cycle stability of RE-Mg-Ni based AB3and A2B7-types electrode alloys limited their practical application as the negative electrode materials of Ni-MH battery. In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys, La in the alloy is partially substituted by Pr and the melt-spinning technology was used for preparing La0.75−xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0-0.4) electrode alloys. The microstructures and electrochemical cycle stability of the as-cast and spun alloys were investigated. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure which consists of two main phases (La, Mg)2Ni7and LaNi5as well as a residual phase LaNi2. The substitution of Pr for La gives rise to a visible grain refinement of the as-cast alloys instead of changing the phase structure of the alloys. The electrochemical measurement indicates that the cycle stability of the alloy remarkably grows with increasing both Pr content and spinning rate.
Starch-Chitosan Blend Films Prepared by Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linking
Authors: Li Feng Hong , Chen Yan Ming , Li Liang , Bai Xiao Lin , Li Shu
Published: December 2011

The present study evaluated the properties of the polymeric blend films obtained from chitosan and corn starch using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent and glycerol as plasticizer by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses confirmed that the groups interactions of starch and chitosan in starch-chitosan blend films were present especially when using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed an endothermic peak of starch film at 98 oC corresponding to water evaporation. DSC also indicated that the endothermic peak of blend films moved to higher temperature with adding chitosan and glutaraldehyde compared with native corn starch film. The tensile strength of the blend films increased with the increasing content of glutaraldehyde. The starch-chitosan blend films exhibited the highest tensile strength of 11 MPa when the content of starch was 9% (w/v in water), glutaraldehyde content was 1.0 mL, chitosan ratio is 0.35 (wchitosan/wstarch), glycerol ratio was 0.35 (wglycerol /wstarch).