bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of irradiation on malignant cell cytoplasm
Authors: Barone Robert M. , Das Gupta Tap As K.
Published: February 2007

Walker‐256 carcinoma was transplanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 100 to 120 gm. The tumors were allowed to grow to 1 cm in diameter. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups. The tumors in the experimental animals were irradiated shielding the rest of the animals, the dose ranging from 50 to 2,000 rads. Specimens were dissected from the irradiated tumors at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours, and one week and two weeks after irradiation, and from the control animals at the same intervals. Light microscopy showed no cytoplasmic changes in the irradiated group when the dose was less than 500 rads. With 1,000‐ and 2,000‐rad doses the nuclear profile changed and cytoplasmic basophilia was diminished. Enzyme histochemical studies showed diminution of succinic dehydrogenase and coenzyme I and II as the dose was increased to 2,000 rads, starting 24 hours after irradiation, with marked diminution on the seventh day. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were not altered with a dose up to 1,000 rads. With a 2,000‐rad dose, diminution of acid phosphatase activity was seen one week after irradiation. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells in the irradiated group showed diminution in the mitochondrial and microsomal population, most marked when the dosage was increased to 2,000 rads, and one week after irradiation. On the basis of our results it can be proposed that radiosensitivity of a malignant cell in an experimental system is largely dependent on the cytoplasmic organelles.
Regression of established methylcholanthrene tumors by intratumor injections of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase
Authors: Simmons Richard L. , Rios Angelyn , Ray Prasanta K.
Published: February 2007

Methylcholanthrene fibrosarcomas were transplanted into syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice. When the tumors had become firmly established and were palpable, injections of Vibrio cholerae neuraminadase were made directly into the tumor mass. Growth generally stopped in the injected tumors and a number of tumors totally regressed. In animals bearing bilaterial immunologically identical tumors, injection of one tumor with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase induced the regression not only of the injected tumor, but also of the contralateral tumor. When the bilateral tumors were of different types, injections of one did not lead to regression of the other but the animals were still capable of rejecting the injected tumor while dying of the immunodistinct untreated tumor.
Obstructive jaundice in macroglobulinemia
Authors: Elias Elias G. , Holyoke E. Douglas , Mittelman Arnold
Published: February 2007

Dysproteinemias usually present with bleeding from mucosal membranes. It has never been reported to cause hemobilia. We are reporting two cases of macroglobulinemia that presented with obstructive jaundice secondary to hemobilia. Although we are not sure of the source of the hemobilia, cholecystectomy and removal of the blood clots from the common bile duct resulted in alleviation of jaundice and no further gross biliary bleeding. There was no recurrence of jaundice in either case in one year and eight months respectively.
Tumor associated antigen in the chemotherapy of solid tumors
Authors: Mulcare R. , Lo Gerfo P.
Published: February 2007

Ten patients receiving systemic chemotherapy for metastatic tumors of the G. I. tract and lung are studied with serial determinations of TAA levels during their therapy. The pattern of changes of TAA levels in each patient is correlated with the clinical response of that patient. Significant decreases in TAA levels occurred concomitant with clinical improvement in three patients. Significant, sustained elevations in TAA levels were invariably associated with inexorable deterioration clinically. This occurred in 6 patients.

This preliminary study suggests positive correlations may be present which would make serial TAA levels a useful guide to the effectiveness of chemotherapy in solid tumors.
The therapy of osteogenic sarcoma: Current status and thoughts for the future
Authors: Friedman Michael A. , Carter Stephen K.
Published: February 2007

Osteogenic sarcoma is a rare but virulent malignancy for which significant prognostic factors have been identified. Evaluating the site, histology, size, and immunologic factors can help identify those patients at higher risk of recurrent disease. Surgical amputation is the mainstay of therapy for appropriate candidates (20% 5 year survivals). Radiation therapy alone yields 13%, and combined with surgery, 20% 5 year survivals. The efficacy of chemotherapy has not been fully evaluated but adriamycin and methotrexate have demonstrated activity of a promising degree. A protocol design to quickly and efficiently determine effective therapy for this disease could include pretherapeutic stratification, controlled trials of drugs or immune adjuvants with reevaluation at specific intervals of clinical significance.
The response of the stilbestrol‐induced renal tumor to chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Dekernion Jean B. , Resnick Martin L. , Persky Lester
Published: February 2007

The inhibition of growth of the stilbestrol‐induced hamster kidney tumor by various chemotherapeutic agents was studied in vivo. 5‐Fluorouracil significantly retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival of the treated animals. The antibiotics mithramycin and dactinomycin markedly inhibited the tumor but did not prolong survival. The absence of drug toxicity in the doses used indicated that a more pronounced effect might have been obtained by retreatment at regular intervals. Cyclophosphamide at standard dosage levels did not influence tumor growth rate. The effect of vinblastine could not be properly assessed because of severe drug toxicity.
Continuous intravenous fucose therapy in rat mammary cancer II
Authors: Mullen James L. , Rosato Francis E. , Allen Terry R. , Miller Elizabeth E. , Roseman James , Rosato Ernest F.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐five Lewis‐Wistar rats, weighing 500 to 525 gm each, received a transplantable mammary tumor which spontaneously arose in this strain; two days later, they were equipped with a silastic catheter inserted into the superior vena cava, the catheter protected by a specially designed harness allowing unrestricted movement of the animals.

On the fifth day after tumor implantation, continuous intravenous infusions were begun, five rats serving as control and receiving only saline, twelve rats receiving glucose and eight rats receiving fucose.

All 25 animals tolerated the procedure with no toxicity in any group as determined by animal inspection, measurement of blood urea nitrogen and of serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase. There was no significant weight change during the course of the experiment.

On completion of infusion, tumors in rats receiving 20% fucose showed a statistically significant smaller mean diameter as compared to both controls and rats receiving intravenous glucose. After cessation of the ten‐day infusion the tumors in the fucose‐treated rats remained significantly smaller than those in their glucose counterparts or controls. Attendant on intravenous fucose therapy was a definite increase in total oral intake and urinary output. Twenty‐one days after conclusion of intravenous therapy all animals were sacrificed, and the tissues of those who received fucose were found to have a statistically significantly increased level of serum protein‐bound fucose.
Stereotactic hypothalamotomy for the alleviation of pain in malignant tumors
Authors: Fairman David
Published: February 2007

In this paper the results of hypothalamotomy in 12 cases out of our series of 155 consecutive thalamic tractotomies are discussed. Satisfactory relief of pain was obtained in 80% of the cases with no operative mortality and a 10% of reversible complications. The pain relief lasted for the complete period of survival. A marked increase of appetite was observed in six of the cases with a definite improvement of the cachectic syndrome. A working hypothesis is presented based on phylogenetic and neurophysiological experimental work.
The pathophysiology and therapy of empyema in the isolated bladder
Authors: Mebust Winston K. , Valk W. L. , Foret John D. , Haskins Robert
Published: February 2007

Twenty to thirty percent of patients who have had supervesical urinary diversion with the bladder left behind subsequently develop empyema of the isolated bladder. The following study was undertaken in a series of 36 female dogs divided into three groups to determine the role of infection and obstruction in the partial and completely obstructed isolated bladder. From these studies a model was selected to evaluate various therapeutic regimens.
Esophageal cancer: Results of therapy in an indigent population
Authors: Buck Bruce A. , Fletcher William S.
Published: February 2007

The Tumor Clinic charts of 118 patients with esophageal carcinoma were reviewed. Of these patients 101 had squamous cell carcinoma. All were from an indigent patient population, and had a high rate of alcoholism, heavy smoking, and malnutrition. Most of the patients presented with dysphagia or pain. However, on review, significant weight loss antedated these symptoms by many months. Earlier diagnosis might be achieved in many instances by a careful esophageal workup in those patients with unexplained weight loss. The duration of dysphagia does not correlate with length of survival after therapy. The data indicates that esophagectomy offers the best chance for cure, and longer significant palliation. The significant morbidity and mortality of this procedure in the malnourished patient can be minimized only by careful attention to operative technique. An experienced senior surgeon should attend this procedure when it is performed by resident surgeons in a teaching situation. Radiotherapy should be reserved for use as an adjuvant to surgery preoperatively, or for patients whose associated disease precludes surgical resection.
Pathologic changes in the human urinary tract due to anovulatory drug administration
Authors: Corriere Joseph N.
Published: February 2007

A 31‐year‐old woman on oral contraceptives for three anda half years died of overwhelming sepsis. At autopsy, dilatation of the renal tubules and squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder mucosa were found. These changes have been produced in animals with estrogen and estrogen‐progestogen medications but have not been previously reported in man. Published reports of the effects of these drugs on the urinary tract are reviewed and discussed.
Transmission and emission scintiphotography of the heart and mediastinum
Authors: Swann Sybil J. , Jones A. Eric , Johnston Gerald S.
Published: February 2007

Radiosotopic imaging of the mediastinal blood pools is a well established technique. Although the method provides data relating to the size and location of these pools, additional valuable diagnostic information can be easily obtained through transmission scintigraphy performed prior to blood pool imaging. From an appropriate external radionuclide source, the radiation passes through the radiolucent chest structures to a gamma camera forming an outline image of the more radiodense structures. Subsequent to the transmission study, an emission study of mediastinal blood pools is obtained. The transmission and emission images are similar in size and directly comparable for evaluation of mediastinal structures. The routine use of radionuclide transmission scintigraphy is recommended as an adjunct to emission scintigraphy in the evaluation of mediastinal tumors, myocardial hypertrophy, and pericardial effusions.
Comparative effect of three nucleosides on suppression of cancer growth in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry
Published: February 2007

It has been determined that three nucteosides, which were found in a liver emulsion, have effects on the growth of spontaneous tumors in mice. An 0.05 molar solution of adenosine inhibits the growth of spontaneous tumors in 5–8 month old mice but not in one aged 9–12 months. An 0.08 molar solution of 6‐methyl adenosine also inhbits the growth of spontaneous tumors in 5–8 month old mice but not in one aged 9–12 months. An 0.02 molar solution of 5‐methyl cytidine is a powerful inhibitor of spontaneous tumors in mice irrespective of age of host. The differential effect of the three nucleosides upon the growth of spontaneous tumors may be conditioned by a differential rapidity of growth of cancer depending upon the age of the cancer proband. That is, the age of the cancer probund may effect the growth capacity of a spontaneous tumor and its response to a nucleoside.
Increasing the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy with heparin: “Clinical study”
Authors: Elias Elias G. , Sepulveda Federico , Mink Irving B.
Published: February 2007

Anticoagulation with heparin did not prevent tumor growth in man. Cancer chemotherapy became more effective when delivered to the patients after they became anticoagulated. Patients who had metastatic diseases and elevated plasma fibrinogen showed initial resistance to the anticoagulating effect of heparin.
Biochemical and metabolic function of the canine liver after four hours preservation
Authors: Sampson D. , Depasquale J. L. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

Canine livers were stored for four hours with either hypothermia alone, hypothermia and low flow electrolyte perfusion, hypothermia low flow plasma perfusion, or normothermic dilute blood perfusion. The livers were evaluated by a subsequent two hour normothermic dilute blood test perfusion. Pressure flow relationships were of value in assessing the adequacy of the storage, and correlated well with glucose production and ultrastructural appearances. Livers stored with plasma perfusion seemed to be the most satisfactory. Anaerobic utilization of fructose was a more sensitive index of cellular damage than oxygen uptake in manometric studies. Bromsulphthalein clearance during the test perfusion was of limited value.
Skin test in bronchogenic carcinoma: II. Its value in the differential diagnosis
Authors: Brugarolas Antonio , Takita Hiroshi , Vincent Ronald G.
Published: February 2007

Previously, we observed close relationship between impairment of reaction to delayed hypersensitivity skin test and extent of bronchogenic carcinoma patients. Recently 3 patients with suspected carcinoma of the lung with hematogenous metastases demonstrated excellent reaction to the skin tests contrary to our past experience. Further work up demonstrated that these patients had primary carcinoma other than the lung in origin. The cases are reported to emphasize again the importance of skin tests in bronchogenic carcinoma.
Kangri cancer in kashmir valley: Preliminary study
Authors: Suryanarayan Col. C. R.
Published: February 2007

This type of cancer is peculiar to this region as the people of all age groups are accustomed to warm their bodies by the use of Kangri Baskets. This is seen mostly among the “not well‐to‐do classes” who have no other means of fighting the extreme cold during the winter. The ulcers are the result of continuous constant contact of the hot pot, made of mud, enclosed in a basket made of willow. The author has studied quite a number of cases in all age groups during his stay in the valley, and has noticed that the precancerous condition of pigmentation and rough skin in the users of this “Kangri pot” has certain manifestations. In due course, by further irritation by heat, the ulcer breaks down with secondary infection and malignant transformation. The squamous type of carcinoma of the skin at the site of the constant heat application exists at times without involving the adjacent lymph glands. The prognosis of the disease is worse when the infiltration of cancer involves the lumph glands. It is also clearly brought out that this type of cancer is entirely due to the environmental causes, which could be prevented. The victims, in addition, are anemic due to worm infestations in their system (round and hookworms). The secondary infection of ulcer and glands is accentuated by the poor hygience which also increases the morbidity and mortality of these cases. The treatment of this condition has to be done first to combat the anemia due to worms by deworming the patients, combating the secondary infection by antibiotics, and, finally, by certain herbs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and radioactive isotopes. The surface application of radioactive isotopes in early ulcers is useful. Deep x‐ray therapy also has been tried. The intra‐lymphatic perfusion of radioactive isotopes combined with cehmotherapeutic drugs for those cases involving the lymph glands have shown good results.
Incidence of hyperfibrinogenemia in 1961 patients with cancer
Authors: Brugarolas A. , Elias E. G.
Published: February 2007

The incidence of hyperfibrinogenemia was studied in 1961 patients with different malignancies. Hyperfibrinogenemia was found to be associated with rapidly growing tumors. On the one hand, carcinomas, sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease presented hyperfibrinogenemia very frequently. On the other hand, chronic leukemias and lymphosarcomas seldom presented hyperfibrinogenemia. This study confirms that hyperfibrinogenemia and hypercoagulability might play a role in the growth of tumors and indicates the tumors more suitable for future prospective studies.
Soft tissue sarcomas in infancy and childhood
Authors: Wood Donald K. , Das Gupta Tapas K.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐one soft tissue sarcomas in children were studied. The majority of these tumors occurred between the ages of 6 and 10; there were 18 boys and 13 girls. Three main histologic types were encountered, 14 children had fibrosarcoma, 13 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 had solitary malignant schwannoma, and in 2 the histogenetic origin could not be determined. Head and neck region was found to be the most common anatomical site, and 16 of 31 patients had their primary tumors in this region. In the rhabdomyosarcoma group of the 11 eligible patients, 6 lived free of disease for 5 years; in the fibrosarcoma group of the 12 eligible patients, 6 lived for 5 years or more. Both children with solitary malignant schwannoma are living. It is proposed that rhabdomyosarcoma in children be treated by combining irradiation, chemotherapy, and surgery while fibrosarcoma should be treated by excision alone. Furthermore, it is also proposed that, when the histogenetic type of a tumor can not be determined, these children be treated as having rhabdomyosarcoma.
Cancer chemotherapy by intra‐arterial infusion with adriamycin
Authors: Di Pietro S. , De Palo G. M. , Gennari L. , Molinari R. , Damascelli B.
Published: February 2007

Adriamycin was given by arterial infusion to 32 patients with different types of advanced cancer. The drug was used for inducing the first remission. In responsive cases maintenance treatment was given with conventional agents. Twenty‐six patients were adequately evaluable. Seventeen patients adequately treated showed objective improvement and 7/17 regression >50%. Head and neck cancer was the disease most sensitive to adriamycin by arterial infusion. Of 32 patients receiving adriamycin, 23 had one or more side effects, 14 had morbidity, and 2 patients died. In comparison with other conventional drugs, adriamycin by prolonged arterial infusion produces a higher percentage of side effects and not a higher percentage of therapeutic response.
Horrifying basal cell carcinoma: A study of 33 cases and a comparison with 435 non‐horror cases and a report on four metastatic cases
Authors: Jackson Robert , Adams Rowan H.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐three horror basal cell carcinomas (18 large, six destructive, five locally uncontrollable, and four metastatic) were studied in detail. In comparison with a series of non‐horror cases, it was found that there were more horror cases in men and that the age of onset of horror tumors was earlier. The anatomical site was the same. Basic etiological factors included habitual sun exposure in 13, mustard gas burns in two, and one each of radioermatitis, trivalent arsenic ingestion and naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Fifteen had no obvious cause. It could not be shown that initial treatment with radiotherapy caused any change in the biological nature of the cancer. In 17 cases no medical treatment was sought until after the cancer had been present for over five years. It is concluded that these rare cancers, histologically indistinguishable from the ordinary basal cell carcinoma, are, from their onset, either biologically more aggressive or occur in patients with a lower tumor host resistance. Unfortunately apart from their bizarre biological behavior, we do not have any means of distinguishing them at their onset from the usual basal cell carcinoma.
Major surgery in hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Say Carlos , Hori Jose M. , Spratt John S.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective and all‐inclusive study of 527 patients with malignant lymphoma. A total of 178 major surgical procedures were carried out on 139 patients (an incidence rate of 18.4% for the 163 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 29.9% for the 364 with other lymphomas). There were 101 procedures done initially for diagnosis and 77 carried out after the diagnosis was established. Only 15 patients had laparotomies for staging purposes. The other operations included 59 celiotomies for diagnosis (21 had resection of organs), 42 abdominal operations for complications (malignant or nonmalignant), 11 radical node dissections, 6 radical mastectomies, 5 laminectomies, 4 thoracotomies, 3 bone operations, and 33 various other procedures.

With the wider application of the exploratory laparotomy for staging and the improved survival with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is obvious that the future role of surgery will be quite different from the past. However, certain patients will still require major surgery for diagnosis. In addition, second cancers, conditions unrelated to lymphoma, complications secondary to aggressive therapy all may need surgical management.
Prostatic cancer with bone marrow involvement and long‐term survival: Association with intravenous chemotherapy
Authors: Boatman D. L. , Nelson C. M. K. , Flocks R. H. , Schmidt J. D.
Published: February 2007

Prostatic cancer with metastatic disease generally is associated with a short survival. A 68‐year‐old man has survived 10 years following total prostatectomy for a clinical Stage B lesion. Repeatedly positive bone marrow aspirates reverted to normal following a short course of intravenous nitrogen mustard and diethylstilbestrol disphosphate chemotherapy. To date there is no objective evidence of tumor recurrence, either locally or distant. Chemotherapy to eradicate micrometastatic disease may be an important adjunct to removal of the local lesion of prostatic carcinoma in selected patients.
The effect of treatment with L–phenylalanine mustard and L–phenylalanine mustard antibody on the survival time of mice with intracerebral ependymoblastomas
Authors: Papadakis N. , Burke J. F. , Mark V. H.
Published: February 2007

Previous work has shown a decreased rate of growth of mouse ependymoblastomas treated with an antigen which fixes to the cell wall, followed by an antibody to the tumor cell marker. The present study was designed to compare the survival time of mice with intracerebrally implanted ependymoblastomas that were treated with the above method with the survival time of controls. Eight groups of C3 H male mice were subjected to intracerebral implantation of ependymoblastoma. Five days following implantation, each group was subdivided into four subgroups, and the subgroups were treated with intravenous normal saline, intravenous antibody, intracarotid L–phenylalanine mustard and intracarotid L–phenylalanine mustard followed by intravenous antibody, respectively. The treated mice showed statistically significant increase of survival time, as compared with the controls. It is possible that by changing some of the treatment parameters, more long‐term results can be achieved.
The gallium‐67 scan in clinical assessment of cancer
Authors: Johnston G. S. , Jones A. E. , Frankel R. L. , Kramer R. J. , Arseneau J. C.
Published: February 2007

By 1 April 1973, 770 patients with malignancy were studied using Gallium‐67 (67Ga) citrate radioisotopic scanning at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health. Of these, 21 had brain tumors, 19 (90%) of which concentrated 67Ga. Forty‐four patients with melanoma had 54% of proven sites visualized on 67Ga scan (masses larger than 2 cm were detected in 75% of the sites). Ewing's sarcoma was studied in 15 patients with 67Ga scanning and all 15 primary tumors were visualized. Thirty‐two of 43 scans performed on 30 patients with acute leukemia were abnormal. Sites of leukemic involvement in bone marrow and as myeloblastomas in soft tissue contained high levels of 67Ga. Patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease were abnormal in 90% of cases on 67Ga scan with 70% of proven sites of involvement being detectable. Sixty percent of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma sites were detected on 67Ga scans. Approximately 85% of anatomic sites involved with lung cancer were detected on scan. 67Ga citrate whole body scanning has proven to be useful in diagnosing and staging a wide variety of human tumors. The 67Ga study is most reliable when positive findings are recorded, but should be approached with caution when the findings are negative.
Use of gallium‐67 scanning in the management of lymphoma
Authors: Bakshi S. , Bender M. A.
Published: February 2007

There has been considerable interest recently in the possibility that gallium‐67 citrate may be of clinical value as a tumor seeking scanning agent. Since its discovery by Edwards and Hayes (1969), a number of reports have been published recording uptake in a variety of tumors, both primary and metastatic (Higasi et al., 1970; Winchell et al., 1970). The observation of Hayes et al. (1970), based on autoradiographs of experimental tumors, that the radioisotope is taken up in the cytoplasm in malignant cells and that uptake is greater in viable than in necrotic tumor has stimulated its use in following patients with lymphoma to assess the efficacy of the therapy administeted.

At our Institution an assessment has been made of the potential value of 67Ga citrate scanning in the management of lymphoma. Interesting scans showing the usefulness and difficulties with this agent are presented. A total of 79 scans were reviewed. The majority of the patients studied has received either chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to scanning. Uptake was detected in 42 cases with active disease (53%); no uptake was noted in 28 cases (36%) without active disease, and in 9 cases (11%) the scan gave a false‐positive or a false‐negative result.

The conclusions of this study are (1) 67Ga scanning is useful in establishing the extent of lesions as well as the presence of undetected disease, (2) 67Ga scanning is especially useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy.
Technique of exploratory laparotomy and staging in hodgkin's disease
Authors: Mittelman Arnold , Elias Elias G.
Published: February 2007

Exploratory laparotomy, splenectomy, liver biopsy, multiple lymph node biopsy, and bone biopsy have been successfully carried out in 76 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The superiority of these procedures for accurate determination of extent of abdominal disease is clear. A surgical technique of staging is described that has, to date, no mortality and insignificant morbidity.
In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis: A prognostic test in patients with neoplastic disease
Authors: Han Tin
Published: February 2007

The in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA was studied in patients with Hodgkin's disease, bronchogenic calcinoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia; the results were correlated with the clinical and immunologic status of these patients. The lymphocyte blastogenesis was normal among patients in remission, except in a few instances in which depression could be attributed to antecedent therapy: PHA response varied greatly among patients with active Hodgkin's disease and appeared to be affected by a variety of factors related to the disease and to treatment. The mean PHA response in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was significantly depressed as compared to that of normal subjects. There was a correlation between lymphocyte blastogenesis and the extent of the disease or survival of these patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The PHA response was markedly depressed and delayed in almost all patients with active chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and it was only slightly or moderately depressed, but somewhat delayed, in some patients in remission. The lymphocyte response correlated well with the duration of disease, the status of therapy, the status of disease, the degree of lymphocytosis, and the immunologic status of these patients in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Hemoglobin II immunogenic properties of stroma vs. stroma‐free hemoglobin solution
Authors: Cochin Alan , Gupta Tapas K. Das , Dewoskin Richard , Moss Gerald S.
Published: February 2007

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the use of hemoglobin solution as a volume expander. This solution would be able to both pick‐up and off‐load oxygen as well as expand the circulating value. It is extremely important to know whether or not hemoglobin itself as well as stroma is antigenic, since an affirmative answer would preclude its use as a plasma expander.

To obtain this answer, the following study was carried out. A group of white rabbits were challenged over a 21‐day period with either saline solution, hemolysates containing various concentrations of stroma, or stroma‐free hemoglobin solution. We found that stroma produced marked increase in gamma to globulin concentrations, phospholipid concentrations, and clotting times. In addition, marked thrombocytopenia was also noted. In contrast we found no such changes in animals given either saline solution or stroma‐free hemoglobin solution. The data indicate that the stroma is antigenic but that hemoglobin solution without stroma is not.
Extracorporeal chemotherapy with L‐asparaginase in man
Authors: Sampson Derek , Han Tin , Hersh Lee S. , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

An extracorporeal chemotherapy unit has been used in baboons and man. Blood was perfused over plates coated with L‐asparaginase in 4 hour perfusion studies. It was possible to lower serum asparagine levels almost to zero, and to render both human and animal lymphocytes unreactive to mitogenic stimulation. The toxicity associated with L‐asparaginase was avoided and the potential application of this technique to the treatment of human lymphatic leukemia is discussed.
Scalene node excision biopsy in advanced prostate carcinoma
Authors: Sy Fabian A. , Gursel Erol O. , Veenema Ralph J. , Buda Joseph
Published: February 2007

In 12 patients with disseminated prostate carcinoma, supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was performed. In 3 patients with palpable supraclavicular node, tumor cells were found in the lymph nodes. In the remaining 9 in whom there were no palpable nodes, unilateral left scalene lymph node excision biopsy revealed no evidence of tumor cells in the nodes in spite of diffuse bone metastasis. These findings suggest that unilateral scalene node biopsy did not provide additional information and has no advantage over the known parameters in staging of prostatic cancer.
Treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate to bone with parathormone and radioactive phosphorous
Authors: Merrin Claude , Bakshi Suraj
Published: February 2007

Eight patients with metastases to bone from carcinoma of the prostate were treated with a combination of parathyroid hormone and radioactive phosphorous. Seven of 8 patients reported substantial pain relief ranging from 1 to 8 months in duration. Several chemical parameters were altered during the priming period with parathyroid hormone but no objective response to the combination therapy was observed.
Anticancer therapy with Hydrea: Comparative study of daily vs, intermittent oral dosage
Authors: Ariel Irving M.
Published: February 2007

No significant difference can be demonstrated in this evaluation between daily doses and intermittent doses of Hydrea in either subjective or objective response. Although a slightly better result was obtained by the daily dose in patients with malignant melanoma, colonrectum carcinoma, sarcoma, and ovarian cancer. No significant increase in longevity was noted by the intermittent dose over the daily dose. Because the difference between the two methods of administration is so slight, the intermittent method recommends itself because of the superior hematopoietic picture that can be maintained following its implementation.
Timing of pedicle flap delays by measurements of flap oxygen and carbon dioxide
Authors: Reisin Jorge H. , Guthrie Randolph H. , Goulian Dicran
Published: February 2007

Oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures in canine pedicle flaps are measured with a mass spectrometer before and for a week following flap manufacture. These partial pressures are a direct reflection of a flap's blood supply. The initial insult to cutaneous blood circulation and its subsequent recovery are clearly documented.
Prognostic criteria of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Varkarakis M. J. , Bhanalaph T. , Moore R. H. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

The survival data of 186 patients with renal cell carcinoma are discussed in respect to the different forms of treatment and other prognostic criteria, such as clinicopathological staging of the disease, histological grading, and cell type of the tumor. Patients with localized renal tumors (stage I) have a better prognosis than those with lesions extending into the perinephric fat, perinephric lymph nodes, or renal vein. Simple nephrectomy in isolated renal tumors (stage I) has provided a 55.1% 5 year survival and a 35.1% 10 year survival. In the more extensive stage (II and III), the therapeutic effect of nephrectomy is less apparent. The prognosis in stages II and III is almost similar. In the disseminated form of the disease, the prognosis has been poor and of all the past forms of treatment which have been previously employed, nephrectomy offered the best survival rate.

For different forms of the disease, nephrectomy in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, may enhance the rejection effect of the host toward the tumor. However, this combination of therapy remains to be further clinically evaluated.
Preferential splenic metastases in parabiotic animals
Authors: Schour Lionel , Faraci Robert P.
Published: February 2007

A reticulum cell sarconia which metastasizes preferentially to the spleens of inbred C3 H mice has been studied. Placement of tumor‐bearing animals in parabiosis with normal animals was followed by the development of gross metastases limited to the spleen in 100% of the normal animals. The pattern of metastases observed when a tumor‐bearing animal was placed in parabiosis with a splenectomized animal is described. The splenotrophic tendencies of this tumor and its ability to metastasize selectively across a parabiotic union provide a model for investigation of the role of immunity and humoral factors in tumor metastases.
The influence of osteolytic substances on the production of osseous metastases from walker 256 sarcoma in rats
Authors: Graham William P. , Tragus Eugene T. , Blakemore William S.
Published: February 2007

Reports in the early 1960's suggested the possible relationship between the humoral agents producing hypercalcemia in metastatic malignancy and the appearance of osseous metastases. Hartmann and Sherlock indicated that the use of corticosteroids possibly might alter the ease with which metastases to the gastrointestinal mucosa occur in breast carcinoma. The present study was an attempt to verify the previous observations of Pentimalli (1960) that hypercalcemia could produce bony metastases in rats.

Using saline controls, ergosterol, methylprcdnisolone, and parathyroid hormone, no bony metastases could be demonstrated in rats implanted with Walker 256 sarcoma. It appears that these osteolytic substances at least within this model do not facilitate the appearance of metastases to bone.
Chromosomes and cancer
Authors: Bishun N. P. , Raven R. W. , Williams D. C.
Published: February 2007

It has now become abundantly clear that in recent years a multiplicity of chemical, physical, and other agents to which man is exposed are capable of damaging his chromosomes. The effects of these agents on the human somatic and possibly germ cells have now been well documented, although not without some controversy over the interpretation and implications of the data. While biological and clinical significance of chromosomal aberrations are not as yet well understood, recent epidemiological evidence, from mutagen‐exposed human populations, and recent experiments on viral‐induced transformation of chromosomally abnormal cells, suggest an association between chromosome aberrations and oncogenesis.
Pancreatic islet cell carcinoid: A highly malignant form of carcinoid tumor
Authors: Greene John F. , Doyle William F.
Published: February 2007

A 23‐year‐old man died four months after being admitted to the hospital because of back pain, 9.9 kg weight loss in 2 months, 8 to 10 loose stools per day, and periodic sweating. The carcinoid syndrome was present but no hypoglycemia. At autopsy, malignant carcinoid tumor was found in the pancreas. No other tumor was found in the usual primary sites for carcinoids. Biochemical findings and clinical data in retrospect support the morphologic diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell carcinoid tumor. Our case and a review of the literature emphasize that metastasizing tumors of the pancreas associated with excessive production of indolic compounds are frequently aggressive and the survival time is short (range 3 months to 4 years; mean 15 months).
The transitory nature of a transmissible entity controlling the growth of a spontaneous tumor in mice
Authors: Strong L. C. , Matsunaga H.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred and sixty‐three control mice of the C3 H/ST inbreds bearing spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin have been studied in reference to the injection of a specially prepared liver extract into one or more of their ancestors. Of these, 24 mice were from the original inbred strain in which no liver extract had ever been injected. Two hundred and thirty‐nine mice were among the descendants of a mouse that had received an intraperitoneal injection of a liver emulsion. These 239 mice were spread over 15 generations of lineal descent. All mice (263) of this experiment were kept as “controls” when their spontaneous tumors arose. The evidence obtained with the analysis of the growth rate of these tumors indicated the activity of a “transmissible entity” which increased in potency in suppressing these cancerous growths. The new evidence, obtained after six generations of lineal descent separation from the original injection of the liver extract, demonstrated quite convincingly that the amount of tumor inhibition became erratic and finally disappeared. The value of growth rate of tumors in mice of the 15th generation returned to the original rate obtained in mice of the 0 class in which there had been no treatment with liver extract in their ancestry.
Culturing breast tumor cells in the presence of hormones
Authors: Bishun N. P. , Mills J. , Raven R. W. , Williams D. C.
Published: February 2007

A tissue culture technique for culturing human breast tumor cells was utilized to invesitgate the response of these cells to various hormones. Due to the small number of tumors investigated, no definite pattern of response was evident. However, the methods described may provide information which can be of useful clinical importance.
Lung scan in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Didolkar Mukund S. , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

When chest roentgenograms fail to reveal the presence of a lesion in a patient suspected t o have bronchogenic carcinoma, perfusion lung scanning with radioiodinated macroaggregated human albumin (1‐131 M.A.A.) is of great help in the diagnosis and localization of the bronchogenic carcinoma. Marked decrease in perfusion of the affected lung area is detected on lung scan in early hilar and parahilar lesions which are not even seen on chest roentgenograms. Two such cases are presented. Lung scan is safe and easy to perform.
About oncological operations
Authors: Gritsman J. J.
Published: February 2007

The following article describes some peculiarities of oncological operations stemming from the experience and methodology of the Hertzen Moscow Scientific Research Oncological Institute. It defines the place of surgical method in contemporary combined treatment of oncological patients. It mentions main components of dependable oncological diagnosis, which serves as a fundamental factor for establishing ways of treatment and, in particular, its surgical component. At the same time the article deals with a notion of oncological zone or region and the questions of evaluation of radicalism of operation.
Surgical advances in rehabilitation of the laryngectomee
Authors: Shedd Donald P.
Published: February 2007

The fact that conventional methods of speech rehabilitation do not succeed in all patients has led various investigators to evaluate alternative approaches. A review of these approaches indicates progress in both air tunnel methods and the Reed Fistula method, each of which is applicable to a specific category of patients.
Dental care for the cancer patient
Authors: Carl William , Schaaf Norman G.
Published: February 2007

In the dental treatment and maintenance of cancer patients the dentist is often confronted with particularly and peculiarly accented situations which require knowledge of disease and therapy‐related problems. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and basic disease may present a constellation of conditions which require for their control the efforts of the entire health profession team. Dental care of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient requires close follow‐up and meticulous oral hygiene. There are definite indications for preirradiation extractions, basic rules for maintenance during and after irradiation, and certain precepts for post‐irradiation extractions. Chemotherapy has introduced new considerations in the dental treatment of cancer patients. As most anti‐tumor drugs cause thrombocytopenia, this effect on hemostasis is of great concern when contemplating oral surgery. During the acute phase of hematologic disorders dental maintenance must be limited to atraumatic procedures to control periodontal and pulp involvement. Good oral hygiene plays an important part in the dental maintenance of all patients. Dentists must take an active part in the therapy and rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Management of cancer of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Sako Kumao
Published: February 2007

Cancer of the maxillary sinus is a relative rare malignancy. It occurs most frequently in the 50 to 70 year age group and is more frequent in males. Histologically, the majority of the tumors are of the squamous cell type. Diagnosis is rarely, if ever, made when it is still limited to the antral cavity. Cervical node metastases are found infrequently at the time of diagnosis.

The most widely accepted treatment at the present time is radical surgery as the primary mode of therapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy.

Five year survival figures are in the 20 to 30% range, indicating improvement, but yet falling considerably below the survival figures for cancer of other sites in the head and neck region.
Carcinoma of the oral cavity–general principles of therapy
Authors: Marchetta Frank C.
Published: February 2007

Over 90% of malignant tumors of the head and neck are squamous cell cancers. These originate in the epithelium of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts. Some thirty or more primary sites are recognized. Though there are specific therapeutic problems relative to each of these sites, there are general principles which apply to many.

I have attempted to present a general outline of therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. It is hoped that this will help the physician who is not intimately involved with the details of therapy to understand why some patients with malignancy are treated one way while others are directed along other avenues of therapy.
The epidemiologic pathology of carcinomas of the large bowel
Authors: Berg John W. , Godwin J. David
Published: February 2007

From the End Results Group file over 60,000 cases of histologically confirmed bowel cancers were analyzed by histologic type. Adenocarcinomas were the standard against which cancers with other diagnoses were compared. Colloid carcinomas occurred relatively frequently in blacks and in young persons, especially young men. In the left colon they had a worse prognosis than other cancers. Papillary carcinomas had a better than average prognosis while polypoid carcinomas had the best prognosis of any type of carcinoma. Adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinomas in the rectum closely resembled anal cancers; elsewhere in the bowel they behaved like aggressive adenocarcinomas. Malignant carcinoids of the appendix resembled benign carcinoids of that organ; elsewhere they were quite aggressive. Rectal carcinoids were unusually common in blacks. Grade appeared to be an independent prognostic parameter, although low grade of malignancy also implied an early stage. The differences in behavior by histology point up the importance of specificity of histologic diagnosis of cancers of the bowel. Comparisons of these observations with some other series are drawn, and the advantages and difficulties of this kind of analysis are discussed.
Carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Current therapy
Authors: Marchetta Frank C.
Published: February 2007

A therapeutic approach to thyroid cancer has been outlined. An effort was made to identify some areas of therapy which are controversial. Long‐term follow‐up of patients suggests that our approach is justified. It is recognized that there are still many unanswered questions and some of these may be concerned with immunological factors involved.
Relationship of virulent and attenuated rna oncogenic virus antigens to surface antigens of the virus‐transformed cell: Implications for the reverse transcriptase system, the provirus, protovirus and oncogene theories of neoplasia, and the lmmunoprophylaxis of RNA virus‐induced tumors
Authors: Cohen Max H.
Published: February 2007

Immunization with Rauscher leukemia virus resulted in high antibody levels against the virustransformed malignant cell. As expected, antibody to malignant cells followed immunization with standard virus preparations highly contaminated with cell membranes. Surprisingly, good antibody levels to malignant cells also followed immunization with highly purified virus, electron microscopically free of cell membranes. The antibody response to malignant cells paralleled the antibody response to the virus, under a variety of conditions.

Immunization of mice with formalin‐inactivated virus preparations, contaminated with cell membranes, resulted in protection of the mice against subsequent challenge with malignant cells. In addition, good immunity to malignant cells followed immunization with live, attenuated Rauscher virus, which was harvested from nonmalignant cells. This attenuated virus produced no malignancy after inoculation and presumably contains only viral antigens, and no malignant cell antigens.

These studies strengthen the evidence that Rauscher virus is the “tumor specific transplantation antigen” on the surface of the Rauscher malignant cell. Rauscher virus is presumably integrated into the cell surface membranes which are, therefore, likely sites for transmission of cell enzymes and other proteins into the virus particle. This transfer of material from cell surface to virus particle may explain the Increasing number of enzymes, including “reverse transcriptases,” which have been isolated from RNA tumor viruses. Some such mechanism must be invoked because these viruses do not have sufficient nucleic acid to code for all the “virus‐associated” enzymes.