bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ópera heroica de dos momias de Chiuchiu, por Aquinas Ried/Reid
Authors: Benjamin Ballester
Published: November 2021

A partir de una breve referencia a la exhumación de dos cuerpos humanos desde un cementerio precolombino en el poblado de Chiuchiu, publicada en un periódico escocés del año 1851, se desenreda una trama profunda de alcances insospechados. Las biografías de su colector, de sus coleccionistas y de los propios cuerpos ahora convertidos en objetos, confluyen en una misma ópera organizada en tres actos que ilustra las trayectorias de los agentes protagónicos de esta compleja red, con sus encuentros y desencuentros. El cruce de sus trayectorias produjo nuevos rumbos y destinos inesperados en sus vidas, orques-tados al compás de la red del coleccionismo que ancla firmemente a Atacama con el resto del mundo al menos desde mediados del siglo XIX. Un caso singular de estudio que servirá para reflexionar sobre un fenómeno mayor que involucra no sólo a Chiuchiu sino a todo el desierto de Atacama, para discutir el rol de los objetos precolombinos en la construcción de la identidad de Occidente
POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN MIKROORGANISME DALAM PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT TULAR NYAMUK
Authors: Mahdalena Vivin , Ni'mah Tanwirotun
Published: November 2021

Beberapa nyamuk adalah vektor berbagai penyakit seperti demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan malaria. Salah satu cara menurunkan angka penyakit tular nyamuk adalah dengan memutus rantai penularan dengan mencegah gigitan nyamuk. Pencegahan gigitan nyamuk sebagian besar memakai cara kimiawi baik menggunakan obat nyamuk bakar, repelen, maupun insektisida lainnya. Dampak negatif penggunaan insektisida kimia mendorong pengembangan dan penggunaan metode pengendalian nyamuk sebagai alternatif seperti pengendalian biologi. Pengendalian biologi dapat menggunakan mikroorganisme atau organisme yang berukuran kecil. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah dengan menggunakan penelusuran literatur melalui buku, jurnal penelitian dan web page dengan rentang tahun 2010 sampai dengan bulan Agustus tahun 2019. Mikroorganisme golongan bakteri dan fungi dapat dijadikan sebagai agen pengendali biologi untuk pengendalian nyamuk terutama untuk larvasida. Mikroorganisme ini terdiri dari  Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Wolbachia pipientis, Bacillus mycoides, Klebsiella ozaenae, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Beauveria  bassiana dan Metarhizium anisopliae. Pengendalian nyamuk menggunakan mikroorganisme telah dilakukan pada genus Aedes, Culex, Anopheles dan Mansonia.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN OLEANDER (Nerium oleander L.) SEBAGAI BIOLARVASIDA TERHADAP Aedes aegypti
Authors: Salim Milana , Putri Ayu Permatasari , Manaf Syalfinaf
Published: November 2021

Penggunaan produk herbal merupakan alternatif terbaik dalam mengendalikan populasi nyamuk. Banyak jenis tanaman diketahui memiliki aktivitas biologi, yakni menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida, salah satunya adalah tanaman oleander (Nerium oleander L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun oleander sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti L. instar III. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 25 larva Aedes aegypti instar III strain lokal Bengkulu per gelas uji. Pembuatan ekstrak daun oleander dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% yang dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Konsentrasi ekstrak untuk uji efektivitas didapatkan dari hasil uji pendahuluan: 50 ppm, 200 ppm, 350 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 650 ppm. Kontrol positif menggunakan larutan temefos 1000 ppm dan kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Penentuan efektivitas konsentrasi ekstrak daun oleander dengan mencari nilai LC50. Selanjutnya data kematian larva Ae. aegypti dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva terbanyak pada konsentrasi 650 ppm. Hasil analisis varian menunjukkan ada perbedaan nyata antar konsentrasi terhadap kematian larva dengan konsentrasi efektif 127,938 ppm. Ekstrak daun oleander efektif sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva Ae.aegypti strain Bengkulu.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KESEHATAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DENGAN DETEKSI DINI DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Ridwan Wawan , Ruliansyah Andri , Yanuar Firda , Jajang Asep
Published: November 2021

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) diketahui merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1968 dan terjadi peningkatan kematian di beberapa daerah. Tren kasus dan angka kematian bervariasi di Kabupaten Bandung selama periode tahun 2012-2016.  Pada tahun 2012 ada 1.124 kasus dengan 11 kematian dan meningkat pada 2016 dengan 3.470 kasus dan 10 kematian. Salah satu penyebab peningkatan ini adalah minimnya sistem deteksi dini untuk mencegah wabah DBD.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem informasi kesehatan yang dapat mempercepat pengolahan data dan bisa mendeteksi KLB DBD. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan menerapkan pendekatan model prototyping untuk membangun model sistem informasi kesehatan. Data didapatkan dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung dan desain prototipe dari sistem informasi kesehatan penyakit DBD dengan deteksi dini KLB DBD dilakukan di institusi yang sama. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sistem yang digunakan selama ini masih menggunakan entri manual dan pembangunan sistem informasi kesehatan bisa diterapkan dengan sempurna. Penelitian ini berhasil membangun konsep sistem informasi kesehatan yang bisa mempercepat entri data untuk mendeteksi KLB DBD. Sistem Informasi Kesehatan yang sedang dikembangkan ini bisa diterapkan di semua Dinas Kesehatan seluruh Indonesia untuk mempercepat pengolahan data DBD juga mendeteksi KLB DBD lebih dini.
Limited movement of a hybrid zone in relation to regional variation in magnitude of climate change
Authors: Alexander Alana , Robbins Mark , Holmes Jesse , Moyle Robert , Peterson Townsend
Published: November 2021

Hybrid zones can provide clear documentation of range shifts in response
to climate change and identify loci important to reproductive isolation.
Using a deep temporal (36-38 years) comparison of the black-capped
(Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina (P. carolinensis) chickadee hybrid
zone, we investigated movement of the under-sampled western portion of
the zone (western Missouri) as well as investigating whether loci and
pathways underpinning reproductive isolation were similar to those from
the eastern portion of the hybrid zone. Using 92 birds sampled along the
hybrid zone transect in 2016, 68 birds sampled between 1978 and 1980,
and 5 additional reference birds sampled from outside the hybrid zone,
we generated 11,669 SNPs via ddRADseq. We used these SNPs to interpolate
spatially and assess the movement of the hybrid zone interface through
time, and to assess variation in introgression among loci. We
demonstrate that the interface has moved approximately 5-8 km to the
northwest over the last 36-38 years, i.e., at only one-fifth the rate at
which the eastern portion of the hybrid zone (e.g. Pennsylvania, Ohio)
has moved. Temperature trends across the last 38 years reveal that
eastern areas have warmed 50% more than western areas in terms of
annual mean temperature, possibly providing an explanation for the
slower movement of the hybrid zone in Missouri. Using genomic cline
analyses, we detected four genes that showed restricted introgression in
both Missouri and Pennsylvania, including Pnoc, a gene involved in
metabolism, learning and memory, concordant with previous physiological
and behavioral findings on hybrids and the parental species.
COVID-19 and Dengue infection in Bangladesh: a case of coinfection where hemoptysis as first presentation
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Islam Md. Taufiqul , Khan Ishtiakul Islam , Khan Zahid Hasan , Qadri Firdausi , Khan Ashraful Islam
Published: November 2021

Bangladesh recently faced large outbreaks of both COVID-19 and Dengue
fever. A 28-year-old woman suffered from symptoms including hemoptysis
as first presentation followed by high-grade fever, sore throat, and
fatigue. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and also diagnosed dengue
later on.COVID-19 and dengue fever could be a harmful combination.
Double Appendixes: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Markou Markos , Sotiropoulou Rodopi , Perente Sebach , Kougioumtzi Ioanna-Triada , Foutzitzi Soultana , chatzipantelis paschalis , botaitis sotirios
Published: November 2021

Anomalies of the appendix are rare, and one of the rarest is the double
appendixes. Most anomalies of the appendix are observed in adults and
are discovered incidentally during surgery that does not primarily
involve the appendix. It is usually missed, often with life-threatening
consequences.
Reindriftas sårbarhet og Norges ansvar
Authors: Riseth Jan Åge , Eilertsen Svein Morten , Johansen Bernt
Published: November 2021

In Norway, the reindeer exists as both a wild and semi-domesticated species. The latter forms the basis of a livelihood and industry that is the clearest characteristic of Sámi culture, and it is protected by international law and the Norwegian Constitution. Nevertheless, reindeer herding is threatened by loss of land used for infrastructure and recreation facilities development, as well as human activities in the outfields (utmark). Reindeer are physically vulnerable, and society’s institutions do not provide sufficient protection of land for grazing and herding of reindeer. Politicians and the general public are largely unaware of this. The chapter documents this by analyzing land-use challenges in two reindeer-herding districts. Besides loss of pastureland, the accumulated effect of former losses is a loss of flexibility, which makes adaptation to new challenges increasingly difficult. The authors suggest several practical measures (e.g. plans, maps, etc.), but also point to the need for general education in Sámi culture and affairs, for politicians as well as the public. This should be a part of necessary reconciliation processes in the context of historical assimilation policies. Furthermore, the Norwegian government should strengthen its efforts to realize the intentions of plan and building laws by strengthening local and regional government obligations.
Kampen om utmarka: Hytter, beitemark eller urørt natur?
Authors: Aasetre Jørund
Published: November 2021

In the Norwegian outfields (utmark), traditional agricultural use, nature conservation, tourism and second home development are opposing interests. This chapter focuses on the municipality of Oppdal and key discourses regarding future land use. Furthermore, how those discourses can lead to continuity or changes in the balance of power in relation to land-use management. The chapter is based on different sources. One is a project focusing on drawing up a master plan for destination development in Oppdal. Other sources include three years of experience holding field courses for natural resource management students at NTNU, in addition to a literature search. Four different discourses related to management of the outfields are identified. Second home development has been an important economic driving force in the local community, and one can identify this as a dominant discourse in the Oppdal community. Against this discourse, there are two other critical discourses. First, there is a discourse considering second home development as a threat to agriculture and grazing rights. The second is a nature conservation-oriented discourse that views second home development as a threat to nature values. As an attempt to bridge these opposing perspectives, a “win-win discourse” has been developed with a focus on sustainable second home development. The question is, does this represent a sufficient reorganization of land use or, on the contrary, represent a “greenwashing” of second home industry? This is an open question, but if we look at other environmental conflicts, then critical discourses often develop in opposition to such “win-win discourses”. Either way, Oppdal is facing some major decisions in relation to future land management.
Ultrasound imaging of vagus nerves in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chechetkin AO , Moskalenko AN , Fedotova EYu , Illarioshkin SN
Published: November 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative multisystem disorder characterized by pathologic α-synuclein aggregation affecting, among other things, vagal fibers. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vagus nerve (VN) in patients with PD using ultrasound imaging. The study was conducted in 32 patients with PD (15 men and 17 women; mean age 58 ± 10 years) and 32 healthy controls comparable with the main group in terms of sex and age. All study participants underwent ultrasound examination of the VN using a high-resolution transducer. Left VN CSA was significantly smaller in patients with PD than in the control group (1.78 ± 0.52 mm2 vs 2.11 ± 0.41 mm2; р = 0.007). A similar result was obtained for right VN CSA at the trend level. ROC analysis demonstrated that the threshold CSA value of < 2.10 mm2 for the left VN has low diagnostic sensivity (59%) for VN atrophy in patients with PD. Right VN CSA was significantly larger than left VN CSA in both groups (p < 0.001). The analysis of the PD group did not reveal any associations between VN CSA and age, duration and stage of the disease, motor (UPDRS III) and non-motor (NMSQ) scores. Patients with akinetic-rigid form of PD had smaller left VN CSA than patients with the mixed form of the disease (р < 0.05). A moderate inverse correlation was established between left VN CSA and the area of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity on both sides (р < 0.04); for the right VN a similar correlation was established at the trend level. High-resolution ultrasound of patients with PD demonstrated atrophy of the VN and the association of VN CSA with the clinical form of the disease and the ultrasound features of the substantia nigra.
Analytic Rubric in Evaluating the Continuous Assessment in Projects of Civil Engineering Undergraduate Students in Dynamics Subject
Authors: Muhammad Noh Nurbaiah , Md Zain Mohd Raizamzamani , Hamid Yazmin Sahol , Abu Bakar Ilyani Akmar , Mohamad Mazlina
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This paper presents the assessment of a continuous assessment in a project for the Dynamics subject using an analytic rubric. Dynamics subject should improve the ability of students to evaluate and solve problems using well-understood basic concepts implemented in a simple logical manner. It focuses on the proper interpretation and application of the concepts of mechanics to the solution of engineering problems. To achieve the objective of being able to examine the issue of mechanics, students were asked to prepare a poster that must consist of the real-life application of dynamics, which they must incorporate in the sense of their poster the definition plus the use of basic fundamental principles. An analytic rubric was used as a scaffold in the evaluation of the continuous assessment of undergraduate students of civil engineering in the Dynamics subject. The continuous assessment referred to was the evaluation of a project called 'Poster Dynamics in Life.' Using analytic rubrics, lecturers in this engineering subject (Dynamics) may specifically list evaluation criteria to improve the synchronization of learning, instruction, and assessment. Besides, students may then use the rubric to organize their assigned project,  describe goals,  define and concentrate efforts where appropriate,  identify concerns relevant to the project, and  control the process in an attempt to construct a high-quality project. The results from this assessment show that most of the students achieved all the performance criteria at an acceptable level.

Keywords: Undergraduates, Program outcomes, Dynamics subject, Assessment, Rubrics
Sobre la filogenia de las lenguas de México
Authors: Lara Luis Fernando
Published: November 2021

Este artículo es una revisión crítica de la teoría de Joshua Greenberg sobre la filogenia de las lenguas amerindias (en especial las lenguas mexicanas) en relación con la teoría de Luigi Cavalli-Sforza acerca de la genética evolucionista de la humanidad. El artículo expone brevemente la historia y la metodología de la lingüística romance y la germánica, consideradas como el origen de las propuestas de la filogenia amerindia; además este texto revisa los esfuerzos y los resultados de la lexicoestadística y la glotocronología de Morris Swadesh.
Obituary for Dr Harriet Nabudere (1973– 2021), Former Managing Editor of the East African Health Research Journal
Authors: Mashauri Fabian
Published: November 2021

It is with great sadness we learned about the sudden demise of our colleague, and former Managing Editor of the East African Health Research Journal (EAHRJ) Dr Harriet Nabudere who passed away on 07th August 2021. Dr Nabudere is remembered as one of the founders of the EAHRJ. Dr Nabudere was instrumental for establishing the infrastructure of the EAHRJ notable the journal Editorial Manager (EM) system. Her range of contributions on publishing EAHRJ issues regularly was extraordinary. Dr Nabudere initially was an associate editor of the EAHRJ before she was promoted to the position of Managing Editor (ME).
Evidence Based Dentistry among Dentists in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kida Minja Irene , Tandi Lwoga Edda
Published: November 2021

Purpose of this systematic review was to bring together studies of evidence-based practice among dentists in low- and middle-income countries, where its use has been reported to be limited. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Methodology: We searched the evidence (in English only) from medical databases including PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, HINARI summon, and SCOPUS and Web of Science via Research4Life, grey literature, hand search from relevant articles, and augmented results on Google scholar.Published reports were retrieved from relevant websites and organizations. Studies included those that looked at key factors that facilitate or hinder Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD), as well as outcomes in terms of: knowledge, attitudes and skills of EB practice among dentists; and the methodology used and their relevance in future EBD strategies.Main focus was on dentists, as practitioners and faculty members. Studies on students and non-dental personnel were excluded.Findings:A total of 4568 records were retrieved and five potentially relevant articles were selected after title/abstract screening. Two articles were excluded after full text screening, and therefore Three papers were included in this review. The studies report limited knowledge,unsatisfactory attitude towards EBD and lowpractice of EBD and use of scientific evidence databases. None of the studies reported implementation of EBD nor evaluation thereof. The main barriers that constrained application of EBD ranged from lack of interest to infrastructural limitations. Originality: The current review showed that there is a need to strategised implementation of EBD in this region.
Correlates of Sexual Risky Behaviours, HIV Testing, and HIV Testing Intention among Sexually Active Youths in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Njau Bernard , Mhando Grace , Jeremiah Damian , Mushi Declare
Published: November 2021

Background: HIV testing services are important entry-point into the HIV cascade to care and treatment in order to slow down the spread of HIV infection. Over half of all new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa occur among young people under the age of 25, particularly women. The study aimed to determine factors influencing young people’s decision to undergo HIV testing services in Northern Tanzania. Methods: A total of 536 sexually active participants aged 15 to 24 years old completed a semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Results: Males compared to female participants were significantly younger at first age of sexual intercourse (15.4 vs. 16.7 years; p = .001). Out of 536 participants, 418(78%) reported inconsistent condom use, and 203/303(67%) were those practicing casual sex. Only, 189/536(35.3%) of the participants reported to have had an HIV-test. Age, socioeconomic status, perceived HIV severity, attitudes and social approval regarding testing and beliefs about testing procedures and perceived barriers to testing were significant predictors of HIV testing (R2 =.22). Age, unsafe casual sex, perceived severity, HIV-testing attitudes, self-efficacy, social approval, cues for actions and perceived quality of testing procedures were significant and positively related to HIV-testing intentions, while perceived barriers to testing were negatively related (R2 = .36). Conclusion: The integrated constructs of HBM and TPB provides a framework for identifying correlates of HIV testing behaviours and HIV testing intentions among sexually active youths. Future behaviour change interventions should focus on reduction of sexually risky behaviours, increasing perceived HIV severity, enhance positive attitudes and social approvals on testing, reduce misconceptions about testing procedures, alleviation of perceived barriers to testing and improve testing self-efficacy among sexually active youths in this setting.
Análisis térmico de los elementos de sujeción del núcleo de un reactor trifásico
Authors:   , Cortina González Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

In this thesis work the temperature distribution in the frame bolts of a 5 MVA, 115 kV, 60 Hz, three-phase five-limbs shunt reactor is obtained utilizing the finite element method (FEM) and the commercial ANSYS Maxwell software. This because the reactor actually failed while it was running, the failure occurred progressively as the screw insulation was damaged and caused an unwanted temperature rise. A time-harmonic analysis is performed to compute the magnetic field distribution in the reactor and the power losses in the frame bolts. A three-dimensional (3-D) shunt reactor model is utilized, and Maxwell’s equations are solved utilizing scalar and vectorial magnetic potentials. The 3-D electromagnetic shunt reactor model is validated by comparing the value of inductance measured in the laboratory with the value of inductance computed in the 3-D FE simulation. In addition, the core losses computed in the FE simulation are compared with the core losses measured in the laboratory. This thesis work is important for transformer manufacturers which requires an adequate shunt reactor model to analyze it under different operation conditions and to optimize the actual design.
La iglesia de Santa María la Blanca de Sevilla: apreciaciones sobre su historia material
Authors: Hernández Núñez Juan Carlos
Published: November 2021

Se dan a conocer los resultados de la investigación efectuada entre 2014 y 2015, durante las obras de restauración de las yeserías y pinturas que decoran el interior de la iglesia de Santa María la Blanca. Los nuevos datos han servido para ampliar el conocimiento sobre el origen y la historia de este templo sevillano.
Mundos alternativos. Creatividad y surrealismo en los libros de artista de Moisès Villèlia
Authors: Bazán de Huerta Moisés
Published: November 2021

Moisès Villèlia (Barcelona, 1928-1994) es uno de los artistas más originales de la vanguardia española, aunque su trayectoria no ha sido suficientemente reconocida. Como escultor incorporó nuevos materiales, destacando sus livianas creaciones en caña de bambú. Con este medio realizó móviles y esculturas abstractas de personalidad inconfundible.

Pero a su obra escultórica hay que añadir su pasión por la escritura y su labor como dibujante e ilustrador. La unión de estas facetas generó varios libros de artista; algunos fueron editados y otros permanecieron inéditos. Este artículo aporta y analiza seis proyectos, casi todos desconocidos: Estado de cuentas, Los engranajes, El diluvio universal, El bambú y la luna, Fisuras en el espejo y La unidad de los conjuntos.
Distribution of edible, toxic and medicinal wild mushrooms in Europe and Bulgaria
Authors: Dimitrova Tsonka
Published: November 2021

The scientific interest in wild mushrooms continuously increases worldwide. In the present review article, the results from some recent investigations by Bulgarian and foreign authors devoted to the current distribution of some edible, toxic and medicinal wild mushroom species in Bulgaria and some European countries are summarized. Some newly-recognized mushrooms are indicated. The examinations of wild mushroom safety under the conditions of environmental contamination deserve special attention, too. The scientists from European countries and Bulgaria have essential contributions to the field of the mushroom identification and distribution.
Ethnomycological research in the field of wild mushrooms and medicinal plants
Authors: Dimitrova Tsonka
Published: November 2021

During the recent years, there is an increased interest in the problems of wild mushrooms and medicinal plants in all over the world. An intensive research is currently performed in order to further clarify the peculiarities of numerous edible, toxic and cultivated wild mushrooms and medicinal plants. Both traditional and contemporary knowledge of the population is assessed by means of a variety of ethnomycological and ethnobotanical methods. The manners of usage by the population of wild edible mushroom and medicinal plants are intensively studied in many countries, too. In the present review article, the results from some recent investigations by Bulgarian and foreign authors devoted to the knowledge and use of some popular wild mushrooms and medicinal plants are summarized. The necessity for the intensification of the collaborative ethnomycological and ethnobotanical research in Europe is outlined.
Three dimensional evaluation of marginal microleakage at the adhesive interface between different fissure sealants and enamel: Micro-CT analysis
Authors: Demirel Akif , Işıl Orhan , Tulga Öz , Orhan Kaan
Published: November 2021

Background/Aim: Sealing ability and adhesion to enamel of fissure sealants are quite critical in prevention of dental caries. The objective of the present study was to assess the marginal microleakage of different material-based pit and fissures with non-invasive and invasive techniques by using the Micro-CT method. Material and Methods: 30 extracted human permanent molars were randomly assigned to three sealant groups (n=10) as resin-based ClinPro, giomer-based BeautiSealant, and glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP. Half of each group was randomly divided into two parts as non-invasive and invasive techniques. The volumetric analysis of marginal microleakage between the enamel-material interface was performed by using Micro-CT. The results were analyzed with Student's t, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests. Statistical significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: In non-invasive technique, Fuji IX-GP showed statistically significantly lower marginal microleakage values than Clinpro (p=0.022). Other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). However, in invasive technique, microleakage values both of Fuji IX-GP and BeautiSealant were significantly lower than Clinpro (p<0.001, p<0.001). Besides, regardless of the sealant material, the invasive technique showed significantly superior results than non-invasive technique regarding marginal microleakage. Conclusions: Considering the clinical conditions, it was concluded that glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP and giomer-based BeautiSealant could be used as alternative to resin based sealants. Additionally, invasive technique (fissure preparation) can be recommended to reduce marginal microleakage.
Metaphysical Nature of Social Groups
Authors: Berber Andrea , Đorđević Strahinja
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we consider the relative significance of concrete and abstract features for the identity and persistence of a group. The theoretical background for our analysis is the position according to which groups are realizations of structures. Our main argument is that the relative significance of the abstract features (structural organization of the group) with respect to the significance of concrete features (the group’s members) can vary across different types of groups. The argumentation will be backed by introducing the examples in which we show that this difference in significance can affect the identity and persistence of the group.
New solvability condition of 2-d nonlocal boundary value problem for Poisson’s operator on rectangle
Authors: Dovletov Dovlet M.
Published: November 2021

Differential and difference interpretations of a nonlocal boundary value problem for Poisson’s equation in open rectangular domain are studied. New solvability conditions are obtained in respect of existence, uniqueness and a priori estimate of the classical solution. Second order of accuracy difference scheme is presented.
Condition Assessment of Subsurface Drained Areas and Investigation of their Operational Efficiency by Field Inspection and Remote Sensing Methods
Authors: Túri Norbert , Rakonczai János , Bozán Csaba
Published: November 2021

The extreme weather events highlight the need to develop action concepts to maintain agricultural production security in the future. Hydrological extremes can occur within a year in the form of surplus water (i.e. inland excess water), water scarcity or even drought. These adverse effects are influenced, inhibited and also facilitated by human activity. Previously, complex amelioration interventions, including subsurface drainage, aimed to improve the productivity of agricultural areas with unfavourable water management properties. The current efficiency of the subsurface drain networks in the regulation of groundwater level or soil moisture content can be questioned from several aspects. After the end of the socialist era (after 1990s), lack of maintenance and operation tasks have become typical, and are still a problem today in Hungary. Unfortunately, there is no exact national cadastre on the tile drained areas, and data is only available to a limited extent in the original amelioration plan documentations. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the possibilities of delineating the subsurface drained areas, and to develop a new method of condition assessment. Three tile drained study sites were selected on the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe. Our field investigations revealed the typical problems of the drained areas: (1) excessive vegetation of the receiving channels; (2) inadequate condition of the receiving main channel bed; (3) soil compaction in multiple layers above the drainage network; and (4) poor condition of outlets of the drain pipes. The developed methodology enabled us to evaluate the soil and the surface/subsurface water of the tile drained areas, and the technical condition of the drains. The necessary action plans or treatments were also outlined to replace the unused drain networks into use. Based on the scientific literature, we also sketched the target conditions and technological solutions that are required for the installation of new drains. The organization of the derived data into a GIS database could serve as a basis for the development of a cadastre of the tile drained areas based on a regional approach.
Temporal Relationship of Increased Palaeodischarges and Late Glacial Deglaciation Phases on the Catchment of River Maros/Mureş, Central Europe
Authors: Bartyik Tamás , Sipos György , Filyó Dávid , Kiss Tímea , Urdea Petru , Timofte Fabian
Published: November 2021

River Maros/Mureş has one of the largest alluvial fans in the Carpathian Basin. On the surface of the fan several very wide, braided channels can be identified, resembling increased discharges during the Late Glacial. In our study we investigated the activity period of the largest channel of them, formed under a bankfull discharge three times higher than present day values. Previous investigations dated the formation of the palaeochannel to the very end of the Pleistocene by dating a point bar series upstream of the selected site. Our aim was to obtain further data on the activity period of the channel and to investigate temporal relationships between maximum palaeodischarges, deglaciation phases on the upland catchment and climatic amelioration during the Late Pleistocene.

The age of sediment samples was determined by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The investigation of the luminescence properties of the quartz extracts also enabled the assessment of sediment delivery dynamics in comparison to other palaeochannels on the alluvial fan.

OSL age results suggest that the activity of the channel is roughly coincident with, but slightly older than the previously determined ages, meaning that the main channel forming period started at 13.50±0.94 ka and must have ended by 8.64±0.82 ka. This period cannot directly be related to the major phases of glacier retreat on the upland catchments, and in terms of other high discharge channels only the activity of one overlaps with a major deglaciation phase at ~17-18 ka. Based on these, high palaeodischarges can be rather related to increased Late Glacial runoff, resulted by increasing precipitation and scarce vegetation cover on the catchment. Meanwhile, the quartz luminescence sensitivity of the investigated channel refers to fast sediment delivery from upland subcatchments. Therefore, the retreat of glaciers could affect alluvial processes on the lowland by increasing sediment availability, which contributed to the development of large braided palaeochannels.
Statistical Analysis of Weather Parameters for Sustainable Flight Operation in Nigeria
Authors: Olabode Abiodun Daniel
Published: November 2021

The recent complications in the weather system, which oftentimes lead to flight cancellation, delay and diversion have become a critical issue in Nigeria. This study however considers the weather related parameters and their impacts on flight disruption in the country. Weather data (on thunderstorm, wind speed and direction, visibility and cloud cover) and flight data (delay, cancellation and diversion) were collected from Murtala International Airport, Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria. The data covered the period between 2005 and 2020. However, Regional Climate Models (RCMs) were also used to run climate data projections between year 2020 and 2035 in the study region. The study employed Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for the descriptive and inferential analysis. Time series analysis, Pearson Moment Correlation for interrelationship among the weather parameters and the flight disruption data, and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the influence of weather parameters on flight disruption data. Results show that cloud cover and high visibility are negatively correlated. Wind speed has positive relationship with wind direction; and an inverse relationship between visibility, thunderstorm, and fog. Direct relationship exists between highest visibility and thick dust, wind speed and cloud cover. Thick dust, wind speed and cloud cover indicate increased visibility level in the study area. Flight delay is prominent over flight diversion and cancellation, which indicates their relevance in air traffic of the study area. The prediction model indicates high degree of cloud cover at the beginning of every year and later declines sharply in 2035, the visibility flattens out by the year 2025, and low pattern of thick dust was calculated in the same pattern in 2011, 2016 and 2027. Based on this conclusion, the study recommends accurate weather reporting and strict compliance to safety regulations, and attention should be paid to changing pattern of weather parameters in order to minimize fight related disasters.
Definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: a single-institution experience
Authors: Lang Kristin , Baur Melissa , Held Thomas , Shafie Rami El , Moratin Julius , Freudlsperger Christian , Zaoui Karim , Bougatf Nina , Hoffmann Jürgen , Plinkert Peter K. , Debus Jürgen , Adeberg Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Background

Surgery is standard of care for oral cavity cancer (OCC). We provide a single-institution experience using definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent systemic therapy for primary unresectable OCC.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively examined 49 patients with non-metastatic primary unresectable OCC treated with definitive RT between 2000 and 2019. The majority of patients (63.3%) were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy while 26.5% were given single-agent cetuximab weekly simultaneous to definitive RT. Five patients were treated with definitive RT alone because of limited disease and no nodal involvement.

Results

Median follow-up was 73 months (range, 6–236 months), median progression free survival (PFS) was 42 months (range, 2–157 months), median local disease-free survival (LDFS) was 44 months (range, 2–157 months) and median overall survival (OS) from the time of RT initiation was 52 months (range, 5–236 months). There were 65.3% locoregional failures, 84.4% local and 15.6% distant metastasis. The majority of patients with local failure presented with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage III–IV disease (59.2%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS (III–IV vs. I–II) was 22.8% vs. 54.2 % (p = 0.03, HR 2.090, 1.1–4.2). Patients who were treated with systemic therapy had a significant better 5-year overall survival compared to those with RT alone (43.9% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.05, 1.0–4.1). RT with doses less than 70 Gy (p = 0.046, HR 2.1 (1.0–4.5) was associated with worse overall survival. Mucositis was the most common ≥ grade 3 acute toxicity and occurred in 19 patients (39%). Incidences of chronic toxicities were loss of taste, trismus, osteoradionecrosis and xerostomia.

Conclusions

Definitive RT with or without concurrent systemic agents in patients with unresectable OCC resulted in an eloquent rate of locoregional control and good overall survival rates and is currently the best available treatment option in this patient collective.
Verification of an optimizer algorithm by the beam delivery evaluation of intensity-modulated arc therapy plans
Authors: Pocza Tamas , Szegedi Domonkos , Major Tibor , Pesznyak Csilla
Published: November 2021

Background

In the case of dynamic radiotherapy plans, the fractionation schemes can have dosimetric effects. Our goal was to define the effect of the fraction dose on the plan quality and the beam delivery.

Materials and methods

Treatment plans were created for 5 early-stage lung cancer patients with different dose schedules. The planned total dose was 60 Gy, fraction dose was 2 Gy, 3 Gy, 5 Gy, 12 Gy and 20 Gy. Additionally renormalized plans were created by changing the prescribed fraction dose after optimization. The dosimetric parameters and the beam delivery parameters were collected to define the plan quality and the complexity of the treatment plans. The accuracy of dose delivery was verified with dose measurements using electronic portal imaging device (EPID).

Results

The plan quality was independent from the used fractionation scheme. The fraction dose could be changed safely after the optimization, the delivery accuracy of the treatment plans with changed prescribed dose was not lower. According to EPID based measurements, the high fraction dose and dose rate caused the saturation of the detector, which lowered the gamma passing rate. The aperture complexity score, the gantry speed and the dose rate changes were not predicting factors for the gamma passing rate values.

Conclusions

The plan quality and the delivery accuracy are independent from the fraction dose, moreover the fraction dose can be changed safely after the dose optimization. The saturation effect of the EPID has to be considered when the action limits of the quality assurance system are defined.
Osteoarkeologi Rangka Manusia Situs Leang Kado’4, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Fakhri Fakhri , Murti Delta Bayu Murti , Hakim Budianto Hakim , Nur Muhammad Nur , Duli Akin Duli , Muda Khadijah Tahir Muda
Published: November 2021

Pembahasan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah uraian osteoarkeologis terkait temuan rangka manusia situs prasejarah Leang Kado‘ 4 di kawasan karst Simbang, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Sebagai bagian dari kajian bioarkeologi, uraian ini meliputi penentuan jenis kelamin, usia kematian, rata-rata tinggi badan, afinitas ras, dan jumlah individu minimal yang ada di Situs Leang Kado‘ 4 sebagai bagian aktivitas penguburan. Metode penelitian menerapkan langkah kerja analisis dalam kajian bioarkeologi yang juga diterapkan dalam disiplin antropologi ragawi. Langkah kerja analisis tersebut, meliputi: identifikasi, pengukuran, komparasi, dan penghitungan estimasi jumlah individu minimal dalam sebuah himpunan data.  Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa sisa rangka manusia di situs Leang Kado‘ 4 memiliki kesamaan dengan dua jenis ras manusia, yaitu ras populasi Sahul-Pacific dikenal pula sebagai Australo-Papuan atau Australomelanesoid dan ras populasi Asia atau Mongoloid. Hadirnya data ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu bahan pertimbangan rekomendasi kebijakan berwawasan pembangunan karakter budaya bangsa yang mengedepankan kebhinekaan asal usul dengan data temuan rangka manusia. 
 
This research aims to provide an osteoarchaeological analysis of the human skeletons found at the prehistoric site of Leang Kado‘ 4 in Simbang karst area, Maros, South Sulawesi. As a part of bioarchaeological studies, the analysis included the determination of sex, age at death, average height, racial affinity, and the minimum number of individuals at the site as part of the burial activities. The research employed the analytical process that is commonly carried out in bioarchaeological and physical anthropological studies. The analytical process consists of identification, measurement, comparison, and estimation of the minimum number of individuals in a data set.  It is concluded that the human skeletal remains at Leang Kado‘ 4 site share several similarities with two human races, i.e. Sahul-Pacific race also known as Australo-Papuan or Australomelanesoid and Asian or Mongoloid race. It is expected that all this data can be used as a base for developing policies oriented to the development of the national character and culture by emphisizing the diversity of the people’s origins, which is supported by data on human skeletal remains.
Сравнительный терминологический анализ некоторых документов о Шпицбергене
Authors: Орешенков А. М.
Published: November 2021

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Международное право и война в наши дни
Authors: Ильин Ю. Д.
Published: November 2021

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Порядок и условия приема в члены Международного валютного фонда
Authors: Бабин А. П.
Published: November 2021

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Международно-правовая культура прав человека и проблема развития российской государственности
Authors: Мелешников А. В.
Published: November 2021

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Конференция по разоружению - уникальное образование
Authors: Богомолов В. А.
Published: November 2021

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Принципы корпоративного управления: ключ к доверию инвесторов
Authors: Перкинс Розуэлл Б.
Published: November 2021

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ООН и Международная морская организация
Authors: О'Нил Уильям А.
Published: November 2021

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Процедуры назначения членов Комиссии ЕС и прекращения выполнения ими своих обязанностей
Authors: Исполинов А. С.
Published: November 2021

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Вооруженные силы России в боснийском урегулировании
Authors: Барынькин В. М.
Published: November 2021

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Юридические аспекты углубления интеграции в гражданской авиации
Authors: Воскобойникова М. А.
Published: November 2021

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Политико-правовые последствия вступления России в Совет Европы
Authors: Энтин М. Л.
Published: November 2021

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Современное пиратство
Authors: Дабнер Барри Харт
Published: November 2021

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Принцип самоопределения народов (современная интерпретация)
Authors: Черниченко С. В.
Published: November 2021

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Правовой режим воздушного пространства участников СНГ
Authors: Сапрыкин Ф. И.
Published: November 2021

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Иерархичность системы и вызов времени
Authors: Вейс Эдит Браун
Published: November 2021

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Обсуждение проекта Устава Международного уголовного суда в Специальном комитете Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН
Authors: Колодкин Р. А. , Панин И. А.
Published: November 2021

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О судоходстве по Рейну
Authors: Бур А.
Published: November 2021

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Methodological and cross-cultural aspects of foreign language acquisition by reference to Russian and British textbooks
Authors: Artyomov A.
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the methodological and cross-cultural aspects implemented in the British textbooks of Russian, Colloquial Russian: the Complete Course for Beginners and Colloquial Russian 2: the Next Step in Language Learning, and in the two volumes of the Russian textbook of English, Angliiskiy Shag za Shagom (English Step by Step). The article presents their structure, advantages and disadvantages. By way of conclusion, the author gives some considerations concerning the development of high-quality textbooks of foreign languages, and demonstrates a personally designed sample lesson.
What polyglots talk about: transcribing the round table discussion on polyglottery and education held in New York City, 2013
Authors: Kulakov S.
Published: November 2021

This paper is based on the experience gained while transcribing the audio recording of the round table discussion on polyglottery and education held at the international conference Multilingual Proficiency: Language, Polyglossia and Polyglottery (New York City, 2013). The discussion covered such topics as the definitions of a polyglot, the measurement of language knowledge, the phenomenon of switching languages in speech and the implementation of polyglots’ experience in language education systems. A summary of the discussion is provided, the key ideas of the participants are pointed out, and some personal observations on the matter are shared, including the difficulties confronted during the process of transcription.
Developments in language education, polyglottery and geolinguistics
Authors: Kazakov G.
Published: November 2021

This paper offers an overview of the major events and trends in the field of polyglottery as a science (the study of consciously attained individual multilingualism) from 2010 to 2021 with special attention to its implications for language education and its connections with geolinguistics (understood as global or geographically specified sociolinguistics in the tradition of the American Society of Geolinguistics). Mentioned are, among other things, the milestone academic conferences in New York, Tokyo and Moscow, the creation of the first organized polyglot group in East Asia, and the first graduation papers on polyglottery defended for a bachelor’s degree in linguistics. An attempt is made to put these research results and ideas in general scientific context
Usage of Natural Colour Indicators in Packaging Materials for Monitorization of Meat Freshness
Authors: Özkaya Pelin Talu , Dağbağlı Seval
Published: November 2021

Food packaging has an important role in protecting food against physical, chemical, and biological hazards during storage and distribution and in informing the consumer about the product. The packaging of foods that susceptible to chemical / microbiological spoilage especially such as meat, hence limited storage time, is even more important than other foods. In addition, the tendency of health-conscious consumers to be a part of real-time controls and monitoring food safety has led to the widening of this packaging perception. Hence, there have been innovative studies in recent years, especially aiming real time monitorization of freshness indicators. The focus of these studies is “colour indicators” used in the production of intelligent indicator films and colorimetric sensors within specific matrices to be integrated into packaging materials. The colour indicators change colour in the presence of certain metabolites released in food spoilage, which allows freshness to be determined. Colour substances used for this purpose can be natural or synthetic. Hence, natural pigments such as anthocyanin, curcumin, etc. have been more preferrable since being harmless to the health as well as increasing tendency of consumers to utilization from natural resources. In this review, information about natural colour indicators and studies in which these indicators are used to determine the freshness of meat in real time and visually are given.