bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring brand loyalty for firms practising sustainable marketing: a roadmap
Authors: Khandai Sujata , Mathew Jones , Yadav Renu , Kataria Sonia , Kohli Harpuneet
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of sustainable marketing practices of firms on consumers’ attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty. In addition, this study also aims to explore the mediating effect of brand trust and brand affect on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of descriptive and causal research has been used, for which data was collected from 582 respondents and processed using structural equation modeling to establish multivariate relationships. The PROCESS method was used to estimate mediation effects.

Findings

A rather valuable insight that emerged is the significant role that brand trust and brand affect play in engendering attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty among consumers, for firms adopting sustainable marketing practices. Findings revealed that sustainable marketing practices result in enhanced brand trust, which further translates into higher levels of brand affect, thereby leading to attitudinal brand loyalty and further resulting in behavioral brand loyalty. This study also highlights the importance of brand affect in developing enduring behavioral brand loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

Consumers today are changing their consumption habits, preferring to satisfy ideological and symbolic needs rather than just rational needs. So, marketers practising sustainable marketing should aim to leverage brand trust and brand affect to ensure lasting behavioral brand loyalty.

Originality/value

The examination of the effect of sustainable marketing practices on brand-related variables has contributed to a better understanding of the mechanism that underlines the operation of emotion-based enduring loyalty. The vast majority of studies that provided insights about sustainable marketing practices and consumer behavior thereof were dominated by European and American perspectives and very few studies exist with a focus on developing economies. This study attempts to fill this void by exploring the personal care market in India.
Clinical utility of p16/Ki67 dual‐stain cytology for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse in women with a transformation zone type 3: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gustafson Line Winther , Tranberg Mette , Christensen Pia Nørgaard , Brøndum Rikke , Wentzensen Nicolas , Clarke Megan A. , Andersen Berit , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Bor Pinar , Hammer Anne
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the clinical utility of p16/Ki67 dual‐stain (DS) compared with cytology for detecting cervical intraepithelial lesion grade two or worse (CIN2+) in women with a transformation zone type 3 (TZ3).

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Colposcopy clinics in Central Denmark Region.

Population

Women aged 45 years or older referred for colposcopy because of an abnormal screening test.

Methods

All women had a cervical sample collected for cytology and DS testing and underwent large‐loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).

Main outcome measure

Sensitivity, specificity and negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values of DS for CIN2+ detection were compared to those of cytology.

Results

Of 166 women eligible, 93 (56.0%) were included in the final analysis. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 63.4–70.5 years). Most women were postmenopausal (95.7%) and referred based on a positive human papillomavirus screening test (86.0%). Fifty‐two women (55.9%) were DS‐positive, 29 (55.8%) of whom had CIN2+ detected. Twenty‐seven (29.0%) women had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (ASC‐US+), and CIN2+ was detected in 21 women (77.8%). DS had a higher sensitivity (96.7% versus 70.0% p = 0.021) and NPV (97.6% versus 86.4%, p = 0.018) compared with cytology for CIN2+ detection. In contrast, the specificity (63.5% versus 90.5% p < 0.001) and PPV (55.8% versus 77.8%, p = 0.001) were lower for DS compared with cytology.

Conclusions

Dual stain may be a valuable risk marker to guide clinical management of women with a TZ3. The superior NPV of DS suggests that a diagnostic excision may safely be avoided in DS‐negative women.
Food and beverage can coatings: A review on chemical analysis, migration, and risk assessment
Authors: Lestido‐Cardama Antía , Sendón Raquel , Bustos Juana , Nieto María Teresa , Paseiro‐Losada Perfecto , Rodríguez‐Bernaldo de Quirós Ana
Published: June 2022

The internal surface of food and beverage cans is generally covered with polymeric coatings to preserve food and protect metal substrate from corrosion. Coating materials are complex formulations that contain different starting substances (e.g., monomers, prepolymers, additives, etc.) and in addition during the manufacture of the material several compounds can be formed (e.g., reaction products, degradation products, etc.). These substances have the potential to migrate into the food. Many of them have not been identified and only some have been toxicologically evaluated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the analytical methods used for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. The migration and exposure to chemicals migrating from can coatings are also reviewed and discussed so far, which is essential for risk assessment. Moreover, a brief section on the current status of the legislation on varnishes and coatings for food contact in Europe is also presented. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors and particularly to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. Some studies have reported migration levels of BPA (bisphenol A) and BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and derivatives exceeding the specific migration limits set in the European legislation. On the whole, low dietary exposure to migrants from can coatings has been reported. However, it is interesting to highlight that in these studies the combined exposure to multiple chemicals has not been considered.
Football fans' emotional attachment to their clubs as a predictor of weight loss in a prevention programme for men with obesity
Authors: Pietsch Benjamin , Hanewinkel Reiner , Morgenstern Matthis
Published: June 2022

Data about which factors in lifestyle interventions facilitate weight loss (WL) success in men is still scarce. The Football Fans in Training (FFIT) programme in Germany attracts men with overweight and facilitates meaningful weight reduction. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible impact of the fans' emotional attachment to their favourite football clubs on achieving at least 5% WL among the male‐only participants. All 791 FFIT intervention participants of 2017 and 2018 were included in the study. We performed two separate logistic regression analyses: (a) baseline values of several participant characteristics as predictors of a 5% WL and (b) change scores of participants' health behaviour characteristics from the course start to end as predictors of the 5% WL. In addition, both models included the Emotional Attachment to a Sports Team (EAST). Analyses were based on the intention‐to‐treat principle. Higher EAST at baseline was associated with WL success, as was higher WL self‐efficacy, lower score in vegetable intake and higher score in food high on carbohydrates. In the second analysis, EAST, an increase in fruit intake, vegetable intake, whole‐grain intake and steps per day, as well as a reduction of fatty food intake, were associated with 5% WL success. The predictors are mostly explorative and limited to correlations. The results indicate that EAST was an independent predictor of WL success in the participating football fans. This understanding might be used for tailoring future interventions in sports or similar settings.
Osteoporosis in COPD patients: Risk factors and pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Li Yujuan , Gao Hongchang , Zhao Lei , Wang Jinrui
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To present a review on the pathogenesis, risk factor and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with osteoporosis and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment.

Data source

A systematic search is carried out using keywords as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, risk factors, and pulmonary rehabilitation.

Results

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a high prevalence of osteoporosis and a high risk of fracture. The mechanisms of osteoporosis in COPD patients are associated with general risk factors, such as smoking, reduced physical activity, low weight, and disease‐specific risk factors, such as systemic inflammatory, Vitamin D deficiency, use of glucocorticoid, anemia, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia. The treatment of osteoporosis in COPD emphasizes comprehensive intervention, which mainly include basic treatment and anti‐osteoporosis drugs. Noticeably, pulmonary rehabilitation program is an important part of treatment.

Conclusions

This work summarizes the pathogenesis, risk factor, prevention, and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with osteoporosis, and the latest progress of studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis is discussed.
Morphology quiz: Bronchial washing cytology from flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Roll Patrice , Frankel Diane , Astoul Philippe , Dutau Hervé , Kaspi Elise
Published: June 2022

The aim of this observation is to make cytologists aware of the identification of melanoma cells in bronchial washings from an endobronchial metastasis of malignant melanoma. CT scan and flexible bronchoscopy images are provided and differential diagnosis and additional analyses (molecular biology) are mentioned and discussed.
Integrated biopsychosocial pain research in intellectual and developmental disability
Authors: Byiers Breanne
Published: June 2022

This commentary is on the scoping review by Sierra‐Núñez et al. on pages 1085–1095 of this issue.
Remote capillary blood collection for HbA1c measurement during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A laboratory and patient perspective
Authors: Groenendijk Wendy N. , Griffin Tomás P. , Islam Md N. , Blake Liam , Wall Deirdre , Bell Marcia , O'Shea Paula M.
Published: June 2022

Aims

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance and user acceptance of capillary blood samples prepared remotely using the MiniCollect® capillary blood collection device as an alternative to blood collection by venepuncture for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) analysis.

Methods

Following written informed consent, a cross‐sectional study was conducted in individuals aged ≥18 years with any type of diabetes who routinely self‐monitor their blood glucose. Eligible participants recruited whilst attending their routine clinical appointments were required to provide a venous blood sample, prepare a capillary blood sample at home (remotely) and complete a bespoke questionnaire. HbA1c in whole blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was determined by capillary electrophoresis on the Sebia Capillary's 3 Tera analyser following standard operating procedure.

Results

HbA1c results from both venous and capillary collection demonstrated good agreement. Passing‐Bablok regression: y = 0 + 1x (p = 0.18), Spearman correlation r = 0.986, p < 0.0001. The Bland–Altman difference plot provided a mean difference of 0.3 mmol/mol (2.2%). Over half of the participants found the MiniCollect device easy to use. The majority of participants were in favour of the remote capillary blood collection service and would use it if routinely available.

Conclusion

The home collection of capillary blood for HbA1c determination is a valuable and convenient alternative to standard venous blood collection as it provides an opportunity to support routine HbA1c monitoring, whilst mitigating the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. This service would additionally allow individuals to attend clinic visits with a HbA1c value, ensuring optimal continuance of patient care for individuals with diabetes.
Persistent companionships: The parasitic copepod community of the dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus on the Ecuadorian coast
Authors: Santana‐Piñeros Ana María , Mera‐Loor Geormery , Suárez‐Morales Eduardo , González‐Solis David , Cruz‐Quintana Yanis
Published: June 2022

The common dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, is an important and widespread fishing resource in tropical and subtropical latitudes. It harbors a diverse array of parasitic copepods, but data on their infection indices are quite limited worldwide. We analyzed its parasitic copepod community and infection indices based on the examination of 615 individuals of C. hippurus landed monthly on the coast of Ecuador, over a period of 1 year. Both the opercular cavities and gills of the sampled fish were examined for parasitic copepods, of which nine taxa were recorded: Brachiella quaternia, Caligus belones, C. bonito, C. coryphaenae, C. productus, Euryphorus brachypterus, E. nordmannii, Lepeophtheirus sp., and Lernaeenicus sp. The finding of five of these species (i.e., B. quaternia, C. belones, C. productus, E. brachypterus, and E. nordmannii) represents new geographic records. C. bonito showed the highest prevalence (83%), mean abundance (5.46 ± 4.99), and mean intensity (6.57 ± 4.99), followed by B. quaternia (prevalence = 32%, mean abundance = 1.89 ± 5.66, mean intensity = 5.89 ± 5.71). The infection indices of C. bonito decreased with increasing host length and were higher in females than in males. The parasitic copepod community of common dolphinfish in this study was similar to communities in other parts of its geographic distributional range, including the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Eastern Pacific, consistently dominated by a generalist parasitic species. This is the first and most detailed quantitative evaluation of the parasitic copepods associated with the dolphinfish and updates the extant parasitological data for this host.
Development of a multifunctional and self-preserving cosmetic formulation using sophorolipids and palmarosa essential oil against acne-causing bacteria
Authors: Filipe Giovanna Amaral , Bigotto Briane Gisele , Baldo Cristiani , Gonçalves Marcelly Chue , Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama , Lonni Audrey Alesandra S. G. , Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone
Published: June 2022

Aims

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of sophorolipids in combination with palmarosa essential oil and to develop a cosmetic formulation against acne-causing bacteria.

Methods and Results

The antibacterial activity of sophorolipids, palmarosa oil and their combined effect was evaluated by broth microdilution and checkerboard methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the compounds presented antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The combination of sophorolipid and palmarosa oil resulted in synergistic and additive interaction reducing the concentration needed for the effectiveness against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, to 98.4% and 50%, respectively. The compounds interaction showed an additive effect for antioxidant activity. The cosmetic formulation without any chemical preservative presents antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes. The pH values and organoleptic characteristics of formulations remained stable under all conditions tested.

Conclusions

The association of sophorolipids and palmarosa oil resulted in a self-preserving cosmetic formulation with great stability, and effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities against acne-causing micro-organisms.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study showed the development of an effective multifunctional cosmetic formulation with natural preservatives to treat acne vulgaris and other skin infections.
The didactic and pedagogical design of e‐learning in higher education: A systematic literature review
Authors: Theelen Hanneke , van Breukelen Dave H. J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Since about 2010 e‐learning has been embedded in educational practice and has become, surely due to the Covid‐19 pandemic, increasingly important.

Objectives

Although much has been written about e‐learning, little is known about crucial didactic and pedagogical design principles for e‐learning. This review tried to fill that gap.

Methods

Based on a systematic literature review, 42 studies (out of 1857 unique hits) were included that address e‐learning design in higher education. Open and axial coding was used for analysis.

Results and conclusions

There were two continuums distinguished as important for e‐learning: (1) the active learning continuum and (2) the authentic learning continuum. Those continuums appear to be useful to give a visual representation of included studies through an active and authentic learning continuum. This resulted in four clusters with (slightly) different properties. These properties vary from a relatively low to a high level of authenticity, and from teacher to student centred. Analysis also revealed four crucial aspects for e‐learning design: (1) content scaffolding, (2) process scaffolding, (3) peer‐to‐peer learning, and (4) formative strategies. In general, most of the e‐learning approaches demand an educational design that facilitates authentic learning and self‐regulation.

Takeaways

To help practitioners in realizing e‐learning design, this paper will provide some concrete suggestions and tips for e‐learning design. Furthermore, this research shows that more well‐founded research is necessary to gain more insight in didactic and pedagogical design principles for e‐learning.
Stratum corneum hydration in healthy adult humans according to the skin area, age and sex: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Samadi A. , Yazdanparast T. , Shamsipour M. , Hassanzadeh H. , Hashemi Orimi M. , Firooz R. , Firooz A.
Published: June 2022

Stratum corneum (SC) hydration is one of the most important skin biophysical parameters, which is affected by age, sex and anatomic site. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to provide detailed information on baseline values of SC hydration in healthy human adults, according to the skin area, age and sex. The databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for primary reports, with in vivo corneometry measurements, which were conducted on disease‐free skin of human subjects, aged 18+ years in English. Risk of bias was evaluated using the critical appraisal tools for JBI Systematic Reviews, and only low‐risk studies were selected. The comparison was performed in each skin area between males and females and also between young‐ and middle‐age subjects. Among 323 Retrieved titles, full texts of 259 articles were read, and 240 studies were excluded due to unclear or insufficient reporting of SC hydration, as well as high or medium risk of bias. 19 studies (including 113 records) providing data about SC hydration in 12 skin areas were included in the final data synthesis. Pooled sample sizes ranged from n = 32 for lips to a maximum of n = 3202 for cheeks. The lowest hydration of 12.5 [95% CI 11.05–13.94] was reported for the back, and the highest hydration of 64.34) [95 CI% 62.07–64.59] for the periorbital area. Facial skin showed higher water content compared with other areas. There were also site‐dependent differences in the hydration level of the facial skin. Comparisons between two age groups, and male and female participants, did not show any statistically significant differences. The main limitation was we included studies using only one measurement device. The quality of reporting SC hydration in humans should be increased in future studies.
Nondestructive detection of tomato quality based on multiregion combination model
Authors: Li Li , Lu Li‐Min , Zhao Xian‐Hao , Hu De‐Yuan , Tang Tian‐Yu , Tang Yan‐Lin
Published: June 2022

To quickly and accurately identify the quality of tomatoes, a method was proposed to predict the total soluble solid content (SSC), total titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C (VC) content of tomatoes based on a multiregion combined model of the visible–near‐infrared spectrum. The results show that the competitive adaptive re‐weighted sampling algorithm combined with the partial least squares regression (CARS‐PLSR) model has the best prediction effect on SSC, TA, and VC content in “stem + equator”, “stem + bottom” and “stem + bottom” combinations. The prediction accuracy is 97.2%, 96.7%, and 97.7%, respectively, and the relative percent deviation (RPD) value is 5.870, 5.401, and 5.942, respectively.

Practical Application

This indicates that the CARS‐PLSR model based on the multiregion combination of visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy is reliable for predicting tomatoes' SSC, TA, and VC content. The results provide a theoretical basis for developing a portable fruit quality detector.
Four types of change and self‐other agreement on change in personality traits during college years: A multi‐informant longitudinal study
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Linh L. , Syed Moin , DeYoung Colin G.
Published: June 2022

Research in personality trait change has largely relied on mean‐level and rank‐order change across the lifespan. The current research expanded the literature in several ways: analyzing four types of change and correlated change patterns, obtaining multi‐informant reports, including lower‐order personality traits, and collecting multiple assessments during a short yet important time for college‐attending emerging adults (baseline N = 259, Mage = 18.79). There was little evidence for mean‐level change, yet participants showed significant individual differences such that rank‐ordering and ipsative profiles were much more dynamic than mean score patterns. Informant‐reports from close others demonstrated largely similar patterns: little to no mean‐level change, significant increase in rank‐ordering, and about half of participants reporting configural change mostly in elevation and scatter rather than in profile shapes. Interestingly, there was no correlated change between self and other‐reports. This indicated that close others do not share individuals' perception of their own personality trait change, at least not in the demographic group studied. By examining individual‐level, sample‐level, and multi‐informant perspectives, our thorough investigation provided useful benchmarks for future research to examine the source of variability in change trajectories.
Violacein and its antifungal activity: comments and potentialities
Authors: Durán N. , Castro G.R. , Portela R.W.D. , Fávaro W.J. , Durán M. , Tasic L. , Nakazato G.
Published: June 2022

Violacein is an important natural antimicrobial pigment that is mainly produced by Chromobacterium violaceum and Janthinobacterium lividum. It presents a significant range of effects against phytopathogenic and human fungi, besides being featured as having low toxicity, and by its important ecological role in protecting amphibian species and applications in dyed medical fabric. The hypothesis about violacein's action mechanisms against mucormycosis (Rhizopus arrhizus) and candidiasis (Candida auris) is herein discussed based on data available in the scientific literature.
Predicting resilience through the lens of competing adjustments to vegetation function
Authors: Sabot Manon E. B. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Pitman Andy J. , Ellsworth David S. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Caldararu Silvia , Zaehle Sönke , Crous Kristine Y. , Gimeno Teresa E. , Wujeska‐Klause Agnieszka , Mu Mengyuan , Yang Jinyan
Published: June 2022

There is a pressing need to better understand ecosystem resilience to droughts and heatwaves. Eco‐evolutionary optimization approaches have been proposed as means to build this understanding in land surface models and improve their predictive capability, but competing approaches are yet to be tested together. Here, we coupled approaches that optimize canopy gas exchange and leaf nitrogen investment, respectively, extending both approaches to account for hydraulic impairment. We assessed model predictions using observations from a native Eucalyptus woodland that experienced repeated droughts and heatwaves between 2013 and 2020, whilst exposed to an elevated [CO2] treatment. Our combined approaches improved predictions of transpiration and enhanced the simulated magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on gross primary productivity. The competing approaches also worked consistently along axes of change in soil moisture, leaf area, and [CO2]. Despite predictions of a significant percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism (PLC) in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017 (99th percentile PLC > 45%), simulated hydraulic legacy effects were small and short‐lived (2 months). Our analysis suggests that leaf shedding and/or suppressed foliage growth formed a strategy to mitigate drought risk. Accounting for foliage responses to water availability has the potential to improve model predictions of ecosystem resilience.
Peace movements and the war in Ukraine: The opportunity
Authors: Howlett Charles F.
Published: June 2022

The February 2022 Russian invasion into Ukraine is the largest land attack in Europe since World War II. Threats of the use of tactical nuclear weapons by Russian President Putin has raised the eyebrows of nations throughout the world. The possibility of another world war and prospects for nuclear annihilation has provided an opportunity for non‐governmental international peace organizations to work together collectively to educate citizens about the importance of peace movements as agencies of humanitarian relief. More than opposing war peace movements are reform instruments, which highlight the importance of peace by providing aid and assistance to the innocent victims of armed aggression. Presently, peace organizations are doing their part by providing food, shelter, clothing, first aid, and other forms of non‐lethal aid to the Ukrainian people caught in the crosshairs of this violent conflict. This is how peace movements can demonstrate the real meaning of peace in the current situation and serve the larger task of nonviolence beyond political dialogue and nationalistic rhetoric.
Effect of fortification of extender with α‐terpineol and rosemary essential oil on post‐thaw ovine semsen quality
Authors: Bezerra Ingrid de Morais Araujo , Souza José Adalmir Torres , Sousa Júnior Antonio de , Alves Michel Muálem de Moraes , Nascimento Isolda Márcia Rocha do , Lustosa Anselmo Alves , Castelo Branco Yndyra Nayan Teixeira Carvalho , Sousa Leonardo da Rocha , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Costa Amilton Paulo Raposo
Published: June 2022

The goal of the present study was to assess the viability of the cryopreserved ovine (Ovis aries) semen, upon supplementation with α‐terpineol and rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis). The collection of the semen from six rams formed the pool, collected once a week during 7 weeks. The diluted semen was packed into straws (0.25 ml) and frozen in a TK 3000® device. Both α‐terpineol and rosemary essential oil were added in the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/ml to the TRIS‐yolk extender forming six experimental groups; the control group received only the TRIS‐yolk extender. The samples were analyzed after thawing regarding motility and vigor, integrity of the plasmatic membrane, thermoresistance test (TT), mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosomal integrity and computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA). The levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were also analyzed. According to the results obtained with the addition of the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/ml of α‐terpineol, significantly reduced the parameters assessed through CASA (VSL, LIN and WOB) and TT. Rosemary essential oil did not have deleterious effects on the spermatozoa and did not reduce the oxidative stress in the concentrations studied, although it presented absolute values higher than those of the control in several parameters. Alpha‐terpineol in the concentrations studied was not able to reduce the oxidative stress and had toxic effect over the ovine spermatozoa.
Contested diffusion of transformative innovations. Micro‐ and macrolevel social capital in South Tyrol
Authors: Holtkamp Carolin
Published: June 2022

The diffusion of radical transformative innovations is essential for a transition towards more sustainable food systems. However, scholars have paid little attention to the power struggles shaping this process. This article applies the concept of social capital to the multilevel perspective and uses qualitative data from field research and media analysis to investigate the case of a local food movement in South Tyrol, Italy. It poses the following question: How did the conventional regime in South Tyrol discourage transformative innovations to further their interests against the efforts of the movement? The results show that the movement built up microlevel social capital to diffuse transformative innovations. Conventional regime actors used existing macrolevel social capital to inhibit transformative innovations and promote gradual innovations instead. The article argues that radical transformative and gradual innovations were mutually exclusive in the case under study and therefore caused intense power conflicts. It concludes with recommendations for future research.
Evaluation of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta catheter placement and comparison to resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping in cadaver dogs
Authors: Reich Colin F. , Levy Nyssa A. , Beal Matthew W.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To describe placement of an aortic occlusion catheter in aortic zone 1 (Z1) and aortic zone 3 (Z3) in dogs and to compare time to placement in these zones with and without external chest compressions (ECC). Additional evaluations of time to placement in Z1 with time for resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping (RT‐AC) were performed.

Design

Prospective ex vivo study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Ten canine cadavers.

Interventions

Ten cadaver dogs were obtained from client donation after euthanasia. Cadavers were randomized to have balloon catheter placement into the right or left femoral artery via cutdown, with or without ECC. The xiphoid was used as an external anatomical landmark for Z1, and the spinous process of the 5th lumbar vertebra was used for Z3. Balloon placement was confirmed with radiography. Time to balloon placement in Z1 and Z3 and time to RT‐AC were recorded.

Measurements and Main Results

Median body weight was 23.5 kg (9–40 kg). Median time to Z1 placement was 6.6 minutes (4.6–12.4 minutes) with ECC and 6.9 minutes (3.3–13.1 minutes) without ECC and was not statistically different (P = 0.5). Median time to RT‐AC was 1 minute (0.6–1.4 minutes), which was significantly faster than time to balloon placement in Z1 with or without ECC (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions

Endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta can be achieved by cutdown with and without ECC, but RT‐AC is faster. Successful balloon position in Z1 could be achieved with knowledge of external anatomical landmarks, but landmarks for Z3 need further study.
Lower interaural coherence in off-signal bands impairs binaural detection
Authors: Eurich Bernhard , Encke Jörg , Ewert Stephan D. , Dietz Mathias
Published: June 2022

Differences in interaural phase configuration between a target and a masker can lead to substantial binaural unmasking. This effect is decreased for masking noises with an interaural time difference (ITD). Adding a second noise with an opposing ITD in most cases further reduces binaural unmasking. Thus far, modeling of these detection thresholds required both a mechanism for internal ITD compensation and an increased filter bandwidth. An alternative explanation for the reduction is that unmasking is impaired by the lower interaural coherence in off-frequency regions caused by the second masker [Marquardt and McAlpine (2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126(6), EL177–EL182]. Based on this hypothesis, the current work proposes a quantitative multi-channel model using monaurally derived peripheral filter bandwidths and an across-channel incoherence interference mechanism. This mechanism differs from wider filters since it has no effect when the masker coherence is constant across frequency bands. Combined with a monaural energy discrimination pathway, the model predicts the differences between a single delayed noise and two opposingly delayed noises as well as four other data sets. It helps resolve the inconsistency that simulating some data requires wide filters while others require narrow filters.
Seismological observation of Earth’s oscillating inner core
Authors: Wang Wei , Vidale John E.
Published: June 2022

We investigate the differential rotation of Earth’s inner core relative to the mantle using pairs of precisely located nuclear explosions. We find that the inner core subrotated at least 0.1° from 1969 to 1971, in contrast to superrotation of ~0.29° from 1971 to 1974. These observations contradict models of steady inner core rotation and models that posit much faster rotation rates. The reversal of polarity, timing, and rotation rates is consistent with a model of oscillations about an equilibrium with gravitational locking of the mantle and inner core due to lateral density variations. The model, which has a 6-year period, can explain the variation in the length of day, which has oscillated fairly steadily for the past decades. Inner core oscillation would also allow interpretations of causal connections between inner core and mantle lateral variations, which are problematic if the inner core consistently superrotates.
Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity
Authors: Sanidad Katherine Z. , Amir Mohammed , Ananthanarayanan Aparna , Singaraju Anvita , Shiland Nicholas B. , Hong Hanna S. , Kamada Nobuhiko , Inohara Naohiro , Núñez Gabriel , Zeng Melody Y.
Published: June 2022

The gut microbiome elicits antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) at steady state that cross-reacts to pathogens to confer protection against systemic infection. The role of gut microbiome–specific IgG antibodies in the development of the gut microbiome and immunity against enteric pathogens in early life, however, remains largely undefined. In this study, we show that gut microbiome–induced maternal IgG is transferred to the neonatal intestine through maternal milk via the neonatal Fc receptor and directly inhibits
Citrobacter rodentium
colonization and attachment to the mucosa. Enhanced neonatal immunity against oral
C. rodentium
infection was observed after maternal immunization with a gut microbiome–derived IgG antigen, outer membrane protein A, or induction of IgG-inducing gut bacteria. Furthermore, by generating a gene-targeted mouse model with complete IgG deficiency, we demonstrate that IgG knockout neonates are more susceptible to
C. rodentium
infection and exhibit alterations of the gut microbiome that promote differentiation of interleukin-17A–producing γδ T cells in the intestine, which persist into adulthood and contribute to increased disease severity in a dextran sulfate sodium–induced mouse model of colitis. Together, our studies have defined a critical role for maternal gut microbiome–specific IgG antibodies in promoting immunity against enteric pathogens and shaping the development of the gut microbiome and immune cells in early life.
Oral saliva swab reverse transcription PCR for Covid-19 in the paediatric population
Authors: Moraleda Cinta , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Mesa Juan Miguel , García-Sánchez Paula , de la Serna María , Alonso-Cadenas José Antonio , Bermejo Amanda , Sabrido Gema , Martínez-Campos Leticia , González-Posada Aránzazu Flavia , Illán-Ramos Marta , Cobos-Carrascosa Elena , Ballesteros Álvaro , Galán Juan Carlos , Llorente Francisco , Aguilera-Alonso David , Jiménez Ana Belén , Catalán Pilar , Dahdouh Elias , Navarro Ignacio , Fernández-Garoz Bárbara , Mendoza Pablo , Pérez-Jorge Concepción , Cabezas-Fernández Teresa , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Rivas Gonzalo , Gonzalez-Donapetry Patricia , Sáez Elena , Fernández-Pinero Jovita , Lucas-Fernández Jesús , Pérez-Ramírez Elisa , Merino Paloma , Miragaya Sandra , Lorente Jorge , Iglesias Irene , Tagarro Alfredo
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of oral saliva swab (OSS) reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) compared with RT-PCR and antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 in children.

Design

Cross-sectional multicentre diagnostic study.

Setting

Study nested in a prospective, observational cohort (EPICO-AEP) performed between February and March 2021 including 10 hospitals in Spain.

Patients

Children from 0 to 18 years with symptoms compatible with Covid-19 of ≤5 days of duration were included. Two NPS samples (Ag-RDT and RT-PCR) and one OSS sample for RT-PCR were collected.

Main outcome

Performance of Ag-RDT and RT-PCR on NPS and RT-PCR on OSS sample for SARS-CoV-2.

Results

1174 children were included, aged 3.8 years (IQR 1.7–9.0); 73/1174 (6.2%) patients tested positive by at least one of the techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of OSS RT-PCR were 72.1% (95% CI 59.7 to 81.9) and 99.6% (95% CI 99 to 99.9), respectively, versus 61.8% (95% CI 49.1 to 73) and 99.9% (95% CI 99.4 to 100) for the Ag-RDT. Kappa index was 0.79 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.88) for OSS RT-PCR and 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.84) for Ag-RDT versus NPS RT-PCR.

Conclusions

RT-PCR on the OSS sample is an accurate option for SARS-CoV-2 testing in children. A less intrusive technique for younger patients, who usually are tested frequently, might increase the number of patients tested.
Impact of interstitial lung abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications and survival of lung cancer
Authors: Im Yunjoo , Chung Man Pyo , Lee Kyung Soo , Han Joungho , Chung Myung Jin , Kim Hong Kwan , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Yong Soo , Park Sujin , Kim Ho Joong , Kwon O Jung , Park Boram , Yoo Hongseok
Published: June 2022

Background

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with the risk of lung cancer and its mortality. However, the impact of ILA on treatment-related complications and survival in patients who underwent curative surgery is still unknown.

Research question

This study aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of computed tomography-diagnosed ILA and histopathologically matched interstitial abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and the long-term survival of patients who underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer.

Study design and methods

A matched case–control study was designed to compare PPCs and mortality among 50 patients with ILA, 50 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 200 controls. Cases and controls were matched by sex, age, smoking history, tumour location, the extent of surgery, tumour histology and pathological TNM stage.

Results

Compared with the control group, the OR of the prevalence of PPCs increased to 9.56 (95% CI 2.85 to 32.1, p<0.001) in the ILA group and 56.50 (95% CI 17.92 to 178.1, p<0.001) in the IPF group. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the control, ILA and IPF groups were 76% (95% CI 71% to 83%), 52% (95% CI 37% to 74%) and 32% (95% CI 19% to 53%), respectively (log-rank p<0.001). Patients with ILA had better 5-year OS than those with IPF (log-rank p=0.046) but had worse 5-year OS than those in the control group (log-rank p=0.002).

Conclusions

The presence of radiological and pathological features of ILA in patients with lung cancer undergoing curative surgery was associated with frequent complications and decreased survival.
Ultra-low-dose CT versus chest X-ray for patients suspected of pulmonary disease at the emergency department: a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: van den Berk Inge A H , Kanglie Maadrika M N P , van Engelen Tjitske S R , Altenburg Josje , Annema Jouke T , Beenen Ludo F M , Boerrigter Bart , Bomers Marije K , Bresser Paul , Eryigit Elvin , Groenink Maarten , Hochheimer Suzanne M R , Holleman Frits , Kooter Jos A J , van Loon Ramon B , Keijzers Mitran , van der Lee Ivo , Luijendijk Paul , Meijboom Lilian J , Middeldorp Saskia , Schijf Laura J , Soetekouw Robin , Sprengers Ralf W , Montauban van Swijndregt Alexander D , de Monyé Wouter , Ridderikhof Milan L , Winter Michiel M , Bipat Shandra , Dijkgraaf Marcel G W , Bossuyt Patrick M M , Prins Jan M , Stoker Jaap
Published: June 2022

Background

Chest CT displays chest pathology better than chest X-ray (CXR). We evaluated the effects on health outcomes of replacing CXR by ultra-low-dose chest-CT (ULDCT) in the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department.

Methods

Pragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised clinical trial in patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department. Between 31 January 2017 and 31 May 2018, every month, participating centres were randomly allocated to using ULDCT or CXR. Primary outcome was functional health at 28 days, measured by the Short Form (SF)-12 physical component summary scale score (PCS score), non-inferiority margin was set at 1 point. Secondary outcomes included hospital admission, hospital length of stay (LOS) and patients in follow-up because of incidental findings.

Results

2418 consecutive patients (ULDCT: 1208 and CXR: 1210) were included. Mean SF-12 PCS score at 28 days was 37.0 for ULDCT and 35.9 for CXR (difference 1.1; 95% lower CI: 0.003). After ULDCT, 638/1208 (52.7%) patients were admitted (median LOS of 4.8 days; IQR 2.1–8.8) compared with 659/1210 (54.5%) patients after CXR (median LOS 4.6 days; IQR 2.1–8.8). More ULDCT patients were in follow-up because of incidental findings: 26 (2.2%) versus 4 (0.3%).

Conclusions

Short-term functional health was comparable between ULDCT and CXR, as were hospital admissions and LOS, but more incidental findings were found in the ULDCT group. Our trial does not support routine use of ULDCT in the work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department.

Trial registration number

NTR6163.
Finite element-based parametric and forensic analysis of corrosion-induced structural deterioration in prestressed concrete bridge girders
Authors: Huang Liying , Liu Jiadaren , Wu Zhaohan , Tomlinson Douglas , Cruz-Noguez Carlos , Alexander John , Li Yong
Published: June 2022

To study corrosion effects on real structures, three prestressed concrete (PC) girders salvaged from a decommissioned 27-year-old bridge in Alberta, Canada, were studied numerically and compared to experimental tests. Nonlinear finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate the degraded flexural and shear behaviour of PC girders. The FE models were used to infer the possible unknown deterioration conditions (i.e., forensic analysis) by comparing FE-predicted and experimental behaviour of the girders. Based on the developed FE models, comprehensive parametric studies considering various corrosion-induced deteriorations at a wide range of corrosion levels were also conducted. Insights gained from the parametric study assisted assessing other girders under similar conditions. It was found that corrosion defects, such as reinforcement area loss, prestress force loss, and bonding loss in the end anchorage, affect PC girder behaviour significantly and the developed FE models of corroded PC girders can assist girder condition assessment.
Early stages of decay in Eucalyptus grandis trees inoculated with brown-rot fungi
Authors: Benítez Valentina , Camargo Álvaro , Raimonda Pablo , Mantero Carlos , Ibáñez Claudia Marcela
Published: June 2022

In natural ecosystems, brown-rot fungi are major biodegrading agents of standing trees and dead wood. Decay caused by basidiomycetes results in structural instability and therefore negatively affects the quality and quantity of the produced wood. Fungal attack can also trigger defense mechanisms within the tree aimed at delaying or halting the progress of infection. As these defense mechanisms can decrease the value of the wood, their identification and study are of foremost importance. In this work, healthy trees of Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill — a widely commercialized species in Uruguay — were inoculated with Laetiporus sulphureus and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The decay process was characterized in terms of chemical and anatomical changes, and the defense mechanisms elicited by the tree were identified. Three months after inoculation, no symptoms of infection could be detected with the naked eye; however, microscopic analysis revealed anatomical and chemical changes (weakening, delamination, and rupture of vascular and parenchymal cells) and decreased holocellulose and lignin contents. Compartmentalization and the production of kino were used by the tree as defense mechanisms.
Thermal diffusion effect on unsteady MHD free convective flow past a semi-infinite exponentially accelerated vertical plate in a porous medium
Authors: Sarma Subhrajit , Ahmed Nazibuddin
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present work was to obtain an exact solution to the problem of a free convective, radiative, viscous, chemically reacting, heat-absorbing, incompressible, and unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow past an exponentially accelerated moving vertical plate embedded in a porous medium. The fluid was assumed to be optically thick and nongray. A magnetic field was applied in the transverse direction of the flow. Effects of arbitrary ramped temperature and thermal diffusion were also considered. The Rosseland approximation method was used to describe the radiative heat flux that appears in the energy equation. Analytical solutions of the nondimensional governing equations were obtained by adopting a closed form of the Laplace transformation technique. The influence of various physical parameters on flow and transport characteristics was analyzed with suitable graphs. From the investigation, it was observed that increasing the Soret number increased both the concentration and velocity fields. Increasing the radiation parameter caused an upsurge in the Nusselt number but reduced the Soret number.
Dyonic black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics from Kaluza–Klein theory with a Gauss–Bonnet term
Authors: Mignemi S.
Published: June 2022

Five-dimensional Kaluza–Klein theory with an Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Lagrangian induces nonlinear corrections to the four-dimensional Maxwell equations, which however remain second-order. Although these corrections do not have effect on the purely electric or magnetic monopole solutions for pointlike charges, they affect the dyonic solutions, smoothing the electric field at the origin for positive values of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant. We investigate these solutions in flat space, and then extend them in the presence of a minimal coupling to gravity, obtaining exact charged black hole solutions that generalize the Reissner–Nordström metric.