bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konstruksi Identitas Perempuan Muslim di Pesantren (Studi di Pesantren Raudlatul Muta’allimin Cilendek Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Isti’anah Isti’anah
Published: July 2020

Perempuan dalam Islam memiliki kesetaraan kedudukan dengan laki-laki sebagaimana tercantum pada surat al-Hujurat ayat 13, kaum perempuan pada masa Nabi dapat melakukan aktifitas di ruang publik. Namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak perempuan yang terkungkung budaya patriarki baik dalam ranah publik maupun domestik. Perempuan diposisikan sebagai kelas nomor dua dan dipertajam dengan pemahaman keagamaan yang bias mengenai peran dan kedudukan perempuan dalam Islam. Pesantren sebagai salah satu lembaga yang membingkai dengan pengajaran kitab kuning yang merupakan teks keagamaan klasik tentang posisi perempuan yang berada di bawah laki-laki yang terpapar dalam kitab Uqūd Al Lujain. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kaum perempuan di Pesantren Raudlatul Muta’allimin Cilendek Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya memiliki peranan yang luas di ranah publik. Tetapi di rumah tangga mereka tetap di bawah laki-laki (suami). Kaum perempuan menempati posisi apapun bahkan struktur yang tinggi di masyarakat seperti menjadi kepala sekolah, tetapi ketika di rumah tetap mentaati suami dan kiprah apapun di ruang publik harus atas seijin suami karena suami merupakan pemimpin rumah tangga. Konstruksi sosial yang dilihat dari realitas sosial yang terjadi mengenai peran dan posisi perempuan ini tidak terlepas dari pengetahuan yang berupa pemahaman atas teks keislaman tentang peran dan posisi perempuan.[Women in Islam have an equal position with the man, as it is explained in Al-Hujurat:13 that women in the era of Prophet Muhammad has a big chance to do activity in public space. However, in reality, there are a lot of women who are still struggling under the patriarchy culture both in public and domestic spaces. Women are put in second class and doctrines with the bias religious understanding about the role and position of women in Islam. Islamic boarding school (pesantren) as one of the institutions frames the study of Kitab Kuning, a classic religious text which teaches that the position of women is under the men, it is explained inside of Uqūd Al Lujain as well. According to this research, women in Islamic Boarding House of Raudlatul Muta’allimin Cilendek Cibeureum, Tasikmalaya has a comprehensive role in public space. However, in the domestic sector, they are still under men. In public space, women can have an important position, such us a headmaster, yet when they are in home, they should obey with their husbands and all of the activities in public space should be permitted by their husbands, because of a husband as the household leader. The social construction of women’s role and position are influenced by knowledge from Islamic texts.]
THE MEANING OF THE RECEPTION OF THE LETTERS MUQAṬṬA’AH IN ḤIZB AL-NAṢR BY ABÛ AL-ḤASAN AL-SHÂDHILÎ
Authors: Anni Dhur , Hakim Lukman
Published: July 2020

The meaning of the letters muqaṭṭa’ah at the beginning of several surahs in the Qur'an is still considered mysterious. Many narrations show the search for their meaning by relating to the virtue and purpose of using these letters. The virtue explained by the Prophet and his companions made these letters used in their literal form, such as Abû al-Ḥasan al-Shâdhilî, who used them as part of the dhikr in the Ḥizb al-Naṣr. This study aims to find al-Shâdhilî’s acceptance in his collection of dhikr and prayers. To achieve this purpose, this study uses qualitative methods with data analysis techniques using diachronic approaches and syntagmatic analysis introduced by Ferdinand de Saussure. This study found a shift in meaning and acceptance of the letters muqaṭṭa’ah carried out by al-Shâdhilî. Al-Shâdhilî uses the letters muqaṭṭa’ah as part of the intermediary to make prayer more acceptable. This is based on the view that these letters contain the names of the Great God. Al-Shâdhilî’s shift in acceptance of the letters muqaṭṭa’ah in the Arab community has a significant difference with the acceptance of the Arab community for the Qur'an, which tends to be informative, so acceptance is done by exegesis, whereas al-Shâdhilî accepted the letters functionally in the performative realm.
TAFWÎD METHOD IN UNDERSTANDING MUTASHÂBIHÂT VERSES
Authors: B Halimah
Published: July 2020

Mutashâbihât verse is a verse that has a vague meaning. This vagueness can occur in terms of lafaz, or in terms of meaning, or in terms of lafaz and their meaning. In the existing debate, this paper aims to examine the methods used by scholars in understanding the mutashabihat verses. (a) How is the analysis of the interpretation of scholars in understanding the mutashâbihât verses? (b) What factors cause them to disagree? This paper is built from data collected through library research by tracing sources that relate directly to the theme. This paper uses the approach of interpretation and science. This paper shows that scholars use two methods in understanding mutashabihat verses. First; ta’wil method, they tend to understand the letter waw as waw ‘ataf in the fragment of verse wa al-rasikhuna fi al-’ilm (Q.S.Ali Imran (3): 7), which connects the previous sentence, the connotation is that Allah and the people are firmly grounded in knowledge know the definite meaning. Second; tafwid method, they tend to understand the letter waw as waw al-isti’naf functions as mubtada’ which is a new sentence. The connotation is to give its definite meaning to Allah alone and to those whose knowledge is profound in their faith. Some mutashabihat verses can be identified through scientific theory.
PERFORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF RAJAH SYEKH SUBAKIR IN TAWING VILLAGE, TRENGGALEK PERSPECTIVE OF LIVING QUR'AN
Authors: ‘Ula Nurul Himatil , Prasetia Senata Adi
Published: July 2020

Al-Qur'an is accepted by the public in various forms. One of them by using a few pieces of verse as part of the protection spell. The use of al-Qur'an in this function is manifested in the face of Sheikh Subakir in Tawing Village, Trenggalek. This study aims to find the process of changing the rajah tradition which is the result of acculturation of Javanese culture and Islamic values as well as the meaning of society towards rajah, and receptions of the verses of the Koran as pager omah (house protection). This research is a field research with descriptive-analysis method, analyzed using social construction theory of reality by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results showed that the people of Tawing Village used the rajah of Sheikh Subakir as a pager omah. The phenomenon of the rajah of Sheikh Subakir is not only meant as a house protection or cultural acculturation, but also acts as a social cohesion that unites the local community. In fact, this tradition influences a set of people’s beliefs about feeling safe, belief in protection, and reinforcement in their social structure.
NEGOTIATION OF HADITH WITH THE TRADITION OF BOWING AT PESANTREN RAUDHATUT THALIBIN REMBANG
Authors: Syahid Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Religion and culture are sources of values and norms in society. However, the narrow interpretation of religious narrative puts it in a position that is contrary to the culture, such as the culture of bowing practiced by students at Pesantren Raudhatut Thalibin. In this connection, intense dialogue with various values is needed to bring forth an explanation that religion and culture in the context of Indonesian Islam are inseparable. This study aims to explain the validity of the culture of bowing in religious narratives. To achieve this purpose, this study is a qualitative study with an interactive model of analysis, which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study explain that bowing is the local wisdom of the Javanese people that does not conflict with religious texts. The culture of bowing is a form of respect for older people. It is an internalization of religious texts with a sociocultural dimension because of the existing interpretation patterns and social construction in the form of religious attitudes and behavior in practicing Islamic teachings.
SHIFTING MEANING OF THE HIJRAH HADITH IN ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Garwan Muhammad Sakti
Published: July 2020

Hijrah is a term that has been trending in recent years in Indonesia. The term’s popularity is due to the rise of reporting on the hijrah movements carried out by public figures. This trend then impacts the development of the fashion industry to produce the needs of those who do hijrah. The production that is done eventually requires advertising, so some people use it as a goal in doing hijrah. In this context, this study aims to find a shift in the understanding of hijrah, from religious reality to economic reality. To achieve this purpose, this study uses qualitative methods with library research techniques. As part of data analysis, this study uses framing analysis. This study concludes a shift in the meaning of hijrah from a religious base to a change in soacial identity. The change in social identity, in this context, then continues to the alteration of religious narratives as economic commodities. The behavior displayed by some people who do hijrah becomes blurred. The intention to do hijrah does not always initiate from self-improvement efforts by leaving bad behavior towards good behavior but can be preceded by economic goals. Hijrah can be encouraged to meet the advertising needs of products that have been issued by the clothing industry. This affects the vulnerability of religious communities in Indonesia.
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY IN THE TRADITION OF READING HIZB HIRZ AL-JAUSHAN AT PESANTREN HIDAYATUL MUBTADI-AAT
Authors: Millati Halya , Qudsia Miatul
Published: July 2020

Muslim society’s acceptance of a hadith is manifested in many behaviors, one of which is the use of the hadith sentences as a prayer and dhikr that manifests in a ḥizb. The hadith used as part of the ḥizb is a hadith containing prayers taught by Allah to the Prophet during the battle of Uhud. This hadith is known as the Jawshân Hadith, so the ḥizb born from the act of interpreting the hadith is called the ḥizb Ḥirz al-Jawshân. This study aims to find motives that encourage the community, especially students at Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadi-aat, in the reception of the hadith in the form of ḥizb reading. To achieve this purpose, this study uses a field study method using Marx Weber’s charismatic authority approach. This research found that the reading, which was done by santri Hidayatul Mubtadi-aat, was a form of performative effort on Jawshân hadith. This is based on a shift in the understanding of the hadith from the informative function to the performative function in the time of al-Ḥusayn. The reading, which was done by santri Hidayatul Mubtadi-aat, was not caused by their understanding of the hadith content, but rather due to the encouragement from outside of themselves to accept the hadith. The encouragement comes from Kiai, who has a charismatic factor so that santri submit and obey without knowing the reasons for the order.
MENTAL REVOLUTION TO INCREASE ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND NATION’S COMPETITIVENESS OF SURAH AR-RA’D VERSE 11 PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Witro Doli , Yanti Betria Zarpina , Rasidin Mhd.
Published: July 2020

Observing the reality of the Indonesian nation, which could be said to be in an appalling economic condition, it seems that the desire to do what is known as the Mental Revolution must be intensified. Mental revolution is considered as an alternative solution to the various crisis problems that have plagued this nation, especially concerning economic independence and national competitiveness. Through a mental revolution, the Indonesian nation is believed to be able to rediscover the lost humanity and the starting point for building a new society or a better civilization. In this paper, the author wants to describe the economic independence revolution as an essential part that needs attention in the implementation of the mental revolution program currently being run by the government. This is based on the reality of Indonesian society, which is still shackled by a mentality of a low work ethic, not creative, not innovative, rough work, lazy, and even still adhering to the principle of working a little, the results (money) a lot. In analyzing this problem, the writer explains it based on the analysis of the letter ar-Ra’d verse 11. This verse gives a clue that Allah will not change the economic condition of a country, as long as that country does not change the cause of its economic setback. Likewise, if a nation changes its state from immorality to obedience, then Allah will change his condition from misery to happiness.
Motion Sickness Manifestations and Prevention
Authors: Kumar G. P. , Anilakumar K. R. , Sekhar Y. C. , Sharma R. K.
Published: July 2020

Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), which is affecting humans since ages. Motion sickness is characteristically occurring during abnormal movements induced by the motion and when there is a conflict between various senses such as visual, vestibular and motor system. Depending on the type of motion, various kinds of sicknesses, such as air sickness, car sickness, train sickness, seasickness, etc. may occur. A very less per cent of individuals are highly susceptible to motion sickness and very less per cent of individuals are highly insusceptible for motion sickness. However, most of the population comes in between. The primary symptoms of motion sickness include nausea, vomiting, wanes, and cold sweating. Varieties of drugs are available to reduce susceptibility to motion sickness. However, nausea, pallor, sweating, headache, dizziness, malaise, increased salivation, apathy, drowsiness, belching, hyperventilation and stomach awareness are the other symptoms of motion sickness. Anti-cholinergics and anti-histamines are the most effective motion sickness prophylactics with apparent side effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, and depression. There are theories and mechanisms which include intra-vestibular (Canal-Otolith) mismatch theory, sensory conflict theory, visual-vestibular mismatch theory, the poison theory, the postural instability theory, and the movement program theory. Benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, anti-histamines and monoamine antagonists have commonly used treatment regimes. The traditional way of tackling the problem is the consumption of ginger, peppermint, lemon, fennel, marjoram, rosemary, basil. This review summarizes prediction and evaluation, behavioural strategies to prevent or minimize symptoms of motion sickness and available countermeasures of motion sickness.
Protein Profile of Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) Revealing Deviation in Cytoskeleton Proteins in Response to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exposure
Authors: Anand Avnika Singh , Jain Khushbu , Ranjan Rahul , Prasad Dipti N. , Chauhan Amitabh , Singh Shashi Bala , Kohli Ekta
Published: July 2020

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in biomedicine and scientific research because of their high dissolution property and bioavailability. On the contrary, this property also increases the intracellular reactivity, accessibility and cytotoxicity. These nano-bio interactions could induce undesirable changes in the proteome of the interacting cells, especially in the lung cells as these are the primary contact site. However, the potential effects of ZnO NPs exposure on proteome remain unclear. Proteomics data will substantiate the detailed mechanism of cellular interactions and modulatory effects of ZnO NPs on cells. Quantitative proteomic profiling was done using MALDI-TOF/TOF and MS/MS to identify differential protein expression on exposure to NPs among non exposed and exposed cells. Twenty-two proteins, with approximately 1.5 fold differential expression in cells exposed to ZnO NPs as compared to control cells were identified. Differentially expressed proteins were further classified using PANTHER software on the basis of functional gene ontology term: molecular function, biological process and cellular component. ToppGene suite was used to study protein-protein interaction and network was enriched with STRING. This study is a systematic analysis of protein modulation of the A549 cells exposed to ZnO NPs indicating alterations in the cytoskeleton.
Occupational Stress, Psychological Well being and Quality of Life among Indian Army Personnel
Authors: Bansal Dolly , Pathak Vijendra Nath , Pradhan J. , Chaudhary Anu
Published: July 2020

The study aims to highlight the occupation level on occupational stress, psychological well-being, and quality of life of Indian Army Personnel. The study was conducted on one hundred fifty Indian male Army Personnel of different rank belonging to 25 years to 45 years of age group. The cross-sectional design was used. The sample was selected through the purposive sampling technique. The tools measures like the Occupational Stress Index, Psychological Well-Being Scale and WHO Quality of Life-BREF Hindi was individually administered. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. One way Analysis of Variance results revealed that there is a significant difference in occupational levels on occupational stress, psychological well-being, and quality of life among Indian Army personnel. Pearson product-moment correlations coefficient showed a significant negative relationship between occupational stress with psychological well-being and quality of life and showed a significant positive relationship between psychological well-being and quality of life among Indian Army Personnel.
Variation in Amino Acids Composition through Pre column Derivatisation using Phenylisothiocyanate by HPLC in Some Economically Important Less Explored Wild Allium Species of Western Himalayas
Authors: Pandey H. K. , Guglani Anchala , Kharakwal G. C. , Balakrishna G. , Bala Madhu
Published: July 2020

Less explored Allium species are being used as green vegetables and as a condiment by the local inhabitant of high-altitude areas of Uttarakhand. In the present study, four economically important less explored wild Allium species viz. A. auriculatum, A. ampeloprasum, A. ascalonicum and A. rubellum have screened for their amino acid contents by High-performance liquid chromatography. The hydrochloric acid hydrolysate of these four species, the Allium amino acids were derivatised with phenylisothiocyanate resulting phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives and separated on a reverse-phase column by gradient elution with aqueous buffer and acetonitrile-water (60:40 v/v) and detected in UV region at 254 nm. The Pico-tag (3.9 × 300 mm) C18 column equilibrated with the solvents. The elution of all amino acid derivatives was achieved in 12 min using gradient elution by increasing concentration of aqueous buffer and acetonitrile-water. Total seventeen amino acids were present in these Allium species. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids found 1:2.14 in Allium auriculatum, 1:2.35 in Allium ampeloprasum, 1:1.38 in A. ascalonicum and 1:3.44 in Allium rubellum. These less explored Allium species contained substantial amount of essential and non-essential amino acids. Among these Allium species, Allium auriculatum and Allium rubellum found most promising as far as essential and non-essential amino acids composition concerned.
Flow among Scientists A Job Demands Resources Perspective
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Misra Nishi , Gupta Arunima
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to investigate the relationship of flow at work of scientists with their job demands, job resources and personal resources. 64 scientists comprised the sample. Personal data sheet, work-related flow inventory, general self-efficacy scale and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (second version) were the instruments used in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression were the statistical techniques used. The results of the study suggested that scientists of various age-groups and length of service did not differ from each other on job demands, job resources, personal resources and flow at work. It was also found that flow at work was significantly positively related to job resources and personal resources but not significantly related to job demands. Job resources and personal resources were found to be significant positive predictors of flow at work whereas job demands were not found to have a significant impact on flow at work.
Wildlife Collisions to Aircraft in India a Comparative Analysis of Hazardous Species Involved in Different Time Periods
Authors: Srinidhi S. , Pramod P. , Singh Yamini , Singh Sayar , Ganju Lilly , Kumar Bhuvnesh
Published: July 2020

Wildlife strikes (mainly birds, but also includes bats and other mammals on the ground) with aircraft isa serious economic and safety concern in the aviation industry. The solution to the problem can be evolved byidentifying the species involved in the incidents/ accidents. In the Indian context, such an attempt was started in1980. In the recent past, the Indian Air Force adopted the DNA Bar-coding technology to identify the species involved. The extent of the problems faced by the country and involvement of different species in various time blocks has been compared with the objective of analyzing changes over different periods to gauge the changes and assess the future requirements. The data indicates that over the years, the number of strikes has increased manifold in the civil aviation sector. The number of species involved in strikes has almost doubled. The serious strikes due to Vultures have nearly disappeared and their place has been mainly taken over by Black Kites. In the recent past, Black Kites are the cause of the highest damages and also have the highest probability of causing damages (61.17%) when struck. Adoption of DNA Barcoding technology has helped to identify the species in incidents where minimal bird remnants were found. Although the number of accidents has decreased, the economical losses continue to rise due to the high cost of modern aircraft.
Modulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by selenate and sulphate treatments in the seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
Authors: Das Debarati , Seal Paulin , Biswas Sabarni , Biswas Asok K
Published: July 2020

The trace element Selenium (Se) has a dual role in the growth and metabolism of plants. Low concentration of selenium (2 ?M selenate) promotes growth and counteracts the detrimental effects of abiotic stress as opposed to higher levels (?10 ?M) where it acts as a pro-oxidant. We focused on both individual and interactive influence of selenate and sulphate on thiol metabolism in seedlings of rice cultivars, satabdi and khitish. Inhibition of ascorbate contents by about 17% on an average, in the test seedlings treated with Se correlated with increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase in the cultivars. The glutathione levels also increased significantly, on an average by about 102% in roots and 74% in shoots of cv. satabdi compared to a rise, by about 49% in roots and 56% in shoots of cv. khitish. The elevated level of glutathione coincided with the stimulatory influence of Se on its regulatory enzymes. Concomitantly the levels of ?-tocopherol and phytochelatins were also induced in both the test cultivars. Increase in ?-tocopherol activity reached a maximum by about 47% in roots and 80% in shoots of cv. satabdi whereas it increased by about 36% in roots and about 64% in shoots of cv. khitish. Substantive increase in the levels of PC4 followed by PC2 and PC3 was also noted. The effects were found to be less conspicuous in shoots than in roots. Rice seedlings exposed to combined Se and 10mM sulphate treatments showed improved growth and development as a result of better thiol metabolism due to amelioration of the adverse effects caused by selenium alone on all the parameters tested.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Banach Wiesław
Published: July 2020

Wprowadzenie
Kultura korporacji w perspektywie nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej
Authors: Klimczak Bożena
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to approach the roots of the corporate culture in the light of New Institutional Economics. The basis of analysis is the concept of four levels of the institutions by O.E. Williamson. The corporate governance is embedded in tradition (level 1) and in formal institutions (level 2). In European civilization tradition means especially – religion, so the American and European corporations culture is connected with religious Christian values. In the first part of the article the traditional, religion embeddedness of economic culture (level 1) is discussed. In the second part of the article two institutional theories of corporate governance (level 3) are discussed: agency theory and transactions costs theory. The connection between level 3 and level 1 as the roots of corporate governance is the transactions cost theory. In the summary the integration between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility is shown.
Kultura gospodarcza cywilizacji zachodniej – jej istota, sprzeczności i znaczenie dla rozwoju w skali globalnej
Authors: Michalski Michał A.
Published: July 2020

The article presents an analysis of economic culture of the Western civilization in the context of its current shape and condition. Although this topic has already been chosen as the subject of research in the past, in this paper the stress is put on those aspects that do not seem to be very popular. To look at the uniqueness of the Western civilization in the context of a globalized world may seem incorrect to some extent, but in our opinion it is still necessary if we want to explore and to discover the sources of unprecedented growth and development that not only the West have benefited from. The article thereby contributes to the field of the research of the impact of culture on the socioeconomic order. The paper therefore seeks to offer an explanation of the specific path that the Western civilization has followed, because it is important in the context of the future dilemmas of global society, which needs to find solutions to its different challenges and problems. Besides discussing the contribution of such recognized authors as Max Weber and Peter L. Berger, the article analyses the role of mediating structures (with special reference to the family) and cultural contradictions which seriously influence the shape and condition of the West these days.
Uczniowie z niepełnosprawnością w szkołach ogólnodostępnych: nauczanie języków obcych
Authors: Karpińska-Szaj Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

At present the main purpose of school integration is the pursuit of dialogue and ways of ensuring integration which concerns both disabled learners and the ones who do not exhibit special educational needs. In this paper, the is-sue will be incorporated into the framework of teaching foreign languages to disabled pupils attending public schools. The present author will depict L2 teaching goals in relation to education shared by pupils with and without specific learning difficulties as well as to problems with implementing the idea of integration in foreign language classroom. These questions will be discussed with reference to the opinions of gleaned from public school teachers with experience in working with disabled learners.
Problematyka miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych (metropolitalnych) w badaniach polskich geografów społeczno-ekonomicznych
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz , Szmytkowska Magdalena
Published: July 2020

Od niemal dwudziestu lat w Polsce trwa intensywny polityczny i naukowy dyskurs metropolitalny, związany z problematyką rozwoju wielkomiejskimi struktur osadniczych i ich zarządzania. Kwestie te stały się także przedmiotem badań przedstawicieli geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie dorobku polskich geografów na temat obszarów metropolitalnych (miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych). Przyjęto dwie zasadnicze metody badawcze: przegląd prac geograficznych opublikowanych w latach 2000–2017 oraz ankietę na temat aktywności eksperckiej geografów działających w 11 głównych ośrodkach geograficznych w Polsce. Wykazano znaczący dorobek geografów, dotyczący zagadnień rozwoju miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych i metropolitalnych. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono rekomendacje w zakresie dalszych badań metropolitalnych w polskiej geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej.
Problemy rolnictwa na obszarach metropolitalnych
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Kacprzak Ewa , Maćkiewicz Barbara
Published: July 2020

Zachodzące od kilkunastu lat w Polsce silne procesy suburbanizacyjne doprowadziły do gwałtownego rozwoju obszarów podmiejskich. Powoduje to dużą presję na rolnictwo i obszary wiejskie, prowadząc do kurczenia się powierzchni gruntów rolnych. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie zmian zachodzących w zakresie działalności rolniczej na obszarach metropolitalnych w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na potrzebę racjonalnego gospodarowania gruntami rolnymi i wprowadzenia rozwiązań, które pozwoliłyby na zachowanie najbardziej cennych produkcyjnie i wartościowych krajobrazowo terenów rolniczych. Zakres przestrzenny analizy obejmował 7 wybranych obszarów metropolitalnych w Polsce: Wrocławski Obszar Metropolitalny, Krakowski Obszar Metropolitalny, Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowską Metropolię, Poznański Obszar Metropolitalny, Łódzki Obszar Metropolitalny, Warszawski Obszar Metropolitalny oraz Obszar Metropolitalny Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot. Bardziej szczegółowo problemy rolnictwa omówiono na przykładzie Poznańskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego. W latach 2007–2018 na badanych obszarach metropolitalnych nastąpił spadek powierzchni użytków rolnych o 4,3%, co oznacza zanikanie terenów rolniczych pod wpływem procesów urbanizacyjnych. Względy środowiskowe i gospodarcze przemawiają za tym, aby racjonalnie gospodarować terenami rolniczymi na obszarach metropolitalnych. Z uwagi na ochronę przed nieuzasadnionym wyłączaniem gruntów rolnych z produkcji rolniczej konieczne jest włączenie wielofunkcyjnego rolnictwa i rolnictwa miejskiego do priorytetów planowania przestrzennego obszarów metropolitalnych oraz utworzenie monitoringu zasobów gruntów, jakim dysponuje rolnictwo.
Współpraca w ramach Zintegrowanych Inwestycji Terytorialnych miast wojewódzkich w Polsce – perspektywa liderów lokalnych
Authors: Kuć-Czajkowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

Artykuł oparto na wynikach autorskich badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w 2018 r. wśród prezydentów, burmistrzów, wójtów, starostów współpracujących w ramach struktur Zintegrowanych Inwestycji Terytorialnych utworzonych dla miast wojewódzkich. Celem badania było m.in. poznanie opinii liderów lokalnych na temat czynników determinujących relacje w ramach każdego z 17 partnerstw ZIT. W artykule podjęto się odpowiedzi na pytania: jak oceniana jest i o czym świadczy przyjęta forma prawna ZIT, jakie czynniki determinują relacje między samorządowcami w ramach współpracy w ZIT, jak oceniana jest trwałość zawiązanych na potrzeby ZIT partnerstw, czy współpraca w miejskich obszarach funkcjonalnych ośrodków wojewódzkich będzie kontynuowana po zakończeniu unijnego dofinansowania?
Obszary integracji zarządzania publicznego w sferze usług edukacyjnych – doświadczenia Metropolii Poznań
Authors: Walaszek Marzena
Published: July 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych dziedzin współpracy metropolitalnej w sektorze edukacji. Scharakteryzowano zarówno istniejące, jak i potencjalne zakresy tej współpracy, dotyczące m.in.: wyrównywania szans edukacyjnych dzieci i młodzieży, dobrej dostępności przestrzennej do szkół, kryteriów naboru do szkół czy też określania oferty edukacyjnej oraz kierunków kształcenia w szkołach ponadpodstawowych. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań z realizacji projektów zespołu badawczego Centrum Badań Metropolitalnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, które posłużyły autorce do określenia obszarów współpracy. Artykuł kończy się podsumowaniem oraz sformułowaniem rekomendacji dla organów prowadzących szkoły.
On vector bundles over reducible curves with a node
Authors: Favale Filippo F. , Brivio Sonia
Published: July 2020

Let C be a curve with two smooth components and a single node, and let 𝓤
C
(w, r, χ) be the moduli space of w-semistable classes of depth one sheaves on C having rank r on both components and Euler characteristic χ. In this paper, under suitable assumptions, we produce a projective bundle over the product of the moduli spaces of semistable vector bundles of rank r on each component and we show that it is birational to an irreducible component of 𝓤
C
(w, r, χ). Then we prove the rationality of the closed subset containing vector bundles with given fixed determinant.
Rethinking the Concept of Equity in Accounting: Origin and Attribution of Business Profit
Authors: Otaka Satoru
Published: July 2020

In this paper I reconsider the concept of equity in corporate accounting from the perspective of the origin and attribution of business profit. In both Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB’s) and International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB’s) Conceptual Frameworks, shareholders’ equity is synonymous with a firm’s net assets. However, it is not the sole definition of equity. We may regard equity as the interest in the corporate capital itself. From this viewpoint, shareholders’ equity consists of retained earnings attributable to shareholders’ as well as invested capital provided by them. We should note that, under the current corporate accounting system, shareholders are assumed to be the sole residual claimants. However, the existence of implicit contracts in corporate activities implies other residual claimants in addition to shareholders. If shareholders are not the sole residual claimants, it is necessary to revisit the proprietary theory under which equity is identical to shareholders’ equity. In this paper I reconsider the significance of the entity theory, which emphasizes an entity as an organization comprising various stakeholders and attributes business profit above shareholders’ expectations to an entity itself. The ownership interest cannot generate the excess profit by itself. Without firm-specific investments by employees and/or entrepreneurial activities by managers, the excess profit would never emerge. We should critically examine the foundation of the current corporate accounting in order to design a more equitable and efficient corporate accounting in which business profit is attributable not only to shareholders but also to other stakeholders who contribute to its generation.
Accounting Research and Problem Solving
Authors: Sunder Shyam
Published: July 2020

Accounting and management practice as well as accounting research would benefit by shifting more of the scholarly attention towards external matters – solving problems of practice – while retaining its emphasis on rigor and validity of research claims.
Optimization of workflow and screening panels for the detection of malignant monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Oliveros Conejero Raquel , Pascual Usandizaga Pilar , Garrido Chércoles Adolfo
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the hematologic malignancies with a greater delay in diagnosis. Laboratories receive numerous MM screening test requests without a specific suspicion, which entails a substantial workload and reduces the efficiency of laboratories. Objective: to increase the efficacy of MM screening protocols.

Methods

The results of serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE), urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis, and serum free light chain assays of 75 patients with MM, three with amyloidosis, and a patient with solitary plasmocytoma were collected. The frequency of a set of biochemical alterations in these patients was compared with that in controls (n=120). A validation of the screening algorithm was carried out in 261 consecutive patients with a clinical or analytical suspicion of MM.

Results

SPEP+SFLC or SIFE+SFLC (98% sensitivity) were the screening algorithms with the highest sensitivity. Prospectively, the SPEP + SFLC detected 27 of the 28 confirmed cases of MG and saved 15 h of work. Alterations in five of the six parameters studied were more frequent in the study group, with a cumulative value of ≥3 parameters altered (61.1 vs. 1.7%) (positive predictive value: 85%; negative predictive value: 94%).

Conclusions

The SPEP+SFLC screening protocol demonstrated the highest sensitivity and was the least time-consuming protocol. In addition, this protocol improves diagnostic sensitivity and laboratory performance.
Utility-Consistent Valuation Schemes for the Own Risk and Solvency Assessment of Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Le Courtois Olivier , Majri Mohamed , Shen Li
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we construct new valuation schemes for the liabilities and economic capital of insurance companies. Specifically, we first build a ‘SAHARA’ valuation framework based on Symmetric Asymptotic Hyperbolic Absolute Risk Aversion utility functions. Then, we construct a ‘SAHARA-CPT’ framework that incorporates the previous utility function as a value function and that is based on Cumulative Prospect Theory. The process used for assessing a life insurance company’s own funds consists in replacing the market-consistent parametrization with a utility-consistent parametrization that accounts for the risk aversion of the market and the long-term duration of the company’s commitments. Our illustrations show that this approach leads to a lower value of the Own Risk and Solvency Assessment and to a lower volatility of own funds. The framework that is based on cumulative prospect theory has the advantage over the expected utility theory framework that it considers a precautionary overweighting of extreme events, as a tradeoff for additional model complexity.
Mass spectrometric sample identification with indicator compounds introduced via labeled sample tubes
Authors: Paal Michael , Habler Katharina , Vogeser Michael
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The risk of sample confusion continues to be a challenge for the pre-analytical part of the overall testing process. We here describe a novel system to track samples based on a chemical code labeling of test tubes with unique combinations of indicator compounds, which are naturally not present in specimens of human origin. As part of the sample vessel filling, the liquid specimens are permanently labeled with the compound code that can be tracked back to the primary tube.

Methods

As a proof of concept we used 10 stable-isotope-labeled derivates of medical drugs as indicator substances to create a combinatory 10-digit binary number ID for individual test tubes, i.e. presence/absence of the respective compound. For this purpose, combinations of indicator compounds were provided in evaporated form in polypropylene tubes prior to filling with anonymized patient whole blood and corresponding plasmas subjected to liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry designed to detect the 10 indicator compounds.

Results

In the blind analysis, we correctly identified 307 different whole blood samples by readout of a 10-digit binary number ID based on the detection of indicator compounds with respect to their presence and number.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the feasibility of an internal labeling procedure for diagnostic samples with mass spectrometry-based readout of dissolved indicator compound combinations as a binary number ID. With an increasing number of coding compounds (≫10) a vast number of combinations for sample labeling can be realized beyond the proof of concept setting studied herein.
AutisMitr: Emotion Recognition Assistive Tool for Autistic Children
Authors: Singh Akansha , Dewan Surbhi
Published: July 2020

Assistive technology has proven to be one of the most significant inventions to aid people with Autism to improve the quality of their lives. In this study, a real-time emotion recognition system for autistic children has been developed. Emotion recognition is implemented by executing three stages: Face identification, Facial Feature extraction, and feature classification. The objective is to frame a system that includes all three stages of emotion recognition activity that executes expeditiously in real time. Thus, Affectiva SDK is implemented in the application. The propound system detects at most 7 facial emotions: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, contempt, and surprise. The purpose for performing this study is to teach emotions to individuals suffering from autism, as they lack the ability to respond appropriately to others emotions. The proposed application was tested with a group of typical children aged 6–14 years, and positive outcomes were achieved.
Recurrent neonatal group B streptococcus cellulitis and adenitis syndrome with late-onset sepsis
Authors: Guri Alex , Scheier Eric , Balla Uri , Chigrinsky Mikhael , Shapiro Eli
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Group-B streptococcus (GBS) continues to be a significant cause of late-onset neonatal illness. Rarely does it present as cellulitis-adenitis syndrome, and rarely does the infection recur in the same infant after complete recovery.

Case presentation

Here we report a case of recurrent late-onset cellulitis-adenitis GBS syndrome in a term 12-day-old neonate. The infant presented with fever and cellulitis of the right neck. Full sepsis workup was normal and the infant recovered completely with antibiotics. Three days after the completion of antibiotics the patient returned to the emergency department due to fever, toxic appearance and rapidly spreading cellulitis, and adenitis on the left side of the neck. Blood culture revealed GBS. The patient was re-admitted to the hospital and successfully treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of treating neonatal cellulitis with fever as bacteremia, and reminds us of the rare possibility of recurrent invasive GBS disease. Moreover, this case illustrates that GBS cellulitis-adenitis syndrome is possibly underdiagnosed in mild cases. Physicians should be aware that neonatal cellulitis can precede the appearance of severe sepsis. Neonates with fever and cellulitis without a clear external port of entry should undergo a complete sepsis workup and receive antibiotic treatment appropriate for bacteremia, even if the blood cultures are negative. Although the recurrence of GBS sepsis is rare, physicians should be aware of this possibility in order to treat the infection early.
The variability in how physicians think: a casebased diagnostic simulation exercise
Authors: Gupta Ashwin , Quinn Martha , Saint Sanjay , Lewis Richard , Fowler Karen E. , Winter Suzanne , Chopra Vineet
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Little is known about how physician diagnostic thinking unfolds over time when evaluating patients. We designed a case-based simulation to understand how physicians reason, create differential diagnoses, and employ strategies to achieve a correct diagnosis.

Methods

Between June 2017 and August 2018, hospital medicine physicians at two academic medical centers were presented a standardized case of a patient presenting with chest pain who was ultimately diagnosed with herpes zoster using an interview format. Case information was presented in predetermined aliquots where participants were then asked to think-aloud, describing their thoughts and differential diagnoses given the data available. At the conclusion of the interview, participants were asked questions about their diagnostic process. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and content analysis was conducted to identify key themes related to the diagnostic thinking process.

Results

Sixteen hospital medicine physicians (nine men, seven women) participated in interviews and four obtained the correct final diagnosis (one man, three women). Participants had an average of nine years of experience. Overall, substantial heterogeneity in both the differential diagnoses and clinical reasoning among participants was observed. Those achieving the correct diagnosis utilized systems-based or anatomic approaches when forming their initial differential diagnoses, rather than focusing on life-threatening diagnoses alone. Evidence of cognitive bias was common; those with the correct diagnosis more often applied debiasing strategies than those with the incorrect final diagnosis.

Conclusions

Heterogeneity in diagnostic evaluation appears to be common and may indicate faulty data processing. Structured approaches and debiasing strategies appear helpful in promoting diagnostic accuracy.
Operational measurement of diagnostic safety: state of the science
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Bradford Andrea , Goeschel Christine
Published: July 2020

Reducing the incidence of diagnostic errors is increasingly a priority for government, professional, and philanthropic organizations. Several obstacles to measurement of diagnostic safety have hampered progress toward this goal. Although a coordinated national strategy to measure diagnostic safety remains an aspirational goal, recent research has yielded practical guidance for healthcare organizations to start using measurement to enhance diagnostic safety. This paper, concurrently published as an Issue Brief by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, issues a “call to action” for healthcare organizations to begin measurement efforts using data sources currently available to them. Our aims are to outline the state of the science and provide practical recommendations for organizations to start identifying and learning from diagnostic errors. Whether by strategically leveraging current resources or building additional capacity for data gathering, nearly all organizations can begin their journeys to measure and reduce preventable diagnostic harm.
The Effects of Context-based Problem-solving Tasks on Students’ Interest and Metacognitive Experiences
Authors: Pozas Marcela , Löffler Patrick , Schnotz Wolfgang , Kauertz Alexander
Published: July 2020

Prior knowledge, motivational factors, and metacognition have been long considered basic elements for successful problem-solving process. However, the interplay of these variables with context-based task characteristics has rarely been explored in research. The present study aimed at investigating how context-based task characteristics influence these three elements, and further expands to explore potential differentiated effects across physics’ topics. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted with 232 participants from high-track schools in Germany to investigate the effects of task characteristics and task topic with regard to their motivational and metacognitive variables. Overall results indicated that students’ situational interest and estimate of solution correctness decrease through time as a result from their interaction with the tasks characteristics. Furthermore, between-subject factor analyses revealed important differences across the task topics of mechanics and thermodynamics. Finally, the covariate of prior knowledge was positively significant across all analyses. The findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate design of context-based tasks to positively influence students’ motivation and metacognitive processing. Implications of the results, as well as further lines of research are discussed.