bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical dating of arid coastline deposits – the challenge of dating evaporitic sediments
Authors: Lang Andreas , Alsuwaidi Mohammad , Mauz Barbara
Published: March 2020

The Arabian Gulf is a small shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean. Its Pleistocene-Holocene sea-level history is of great interest for reconstructing human migration routes into Mesopotamia as well as for better understanding the recent convergence rate between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. For establishing the sea-level history, the ages of past shoreline deposits must be known.

Here we present the optical dating procedure of intertidal carbonate deposits sampled in the coastal area south of Abu Dhabi city (United Arab Emirates). We focus on the challenge of determining a reliable dose rate of samples that are in secular disequilibrium and compare our results with age data obtained from AMS 14C dating.

For optical dating quartz grains of 90-150 mm were extracted and the equivalent dose was determined from 1 mm aliquots using a standard single-aliquot regenerative dose protocol. Data analysis employed statistical analysis to approximate the palaeodose assuming that all grains measured were sufficiently bleached at time of deposition. For determining the dose rate the radionuclide activities were first quantified by simulating the radiation field of the chemically and physically described samples using gamma spectrometry. These modern activities were then taken to back calculate the activities using well-described double differential equations for open systems. This approach leads to multiple solutions.

We show details of the approach and discuss on the basis of the solutions reasonable open-system assumptions for various sedimentary environments.
Surrogate-based Simulation-Optimization Scheme for Designing Water Retention Measures under Rainfall Uncertainty
Authors: Lu Wei , Shoemaker Christine
Published: March 2020

The increasing climatic extremes and urbanization have led to escalated frequency of extreme rainfall events and also higher risk of urban floods. Water Retention Measures (WRMs) are proposed as one of the countermeasures for controlling urban flood risks. WRMs involve a series of decentralized stormwater management facilities, such as bio-retention cell (BC) and green roof (GR). Simulation-optimization approaches are developed by combing hydrological models and optimization algorithms for identifying cost-effective layouts of WRMs. Traditional evolutionary algorithms (e.g. genetic algorithm, GA) are generally time-consuming for computationally expensive simulation-optimization problems and are difficult to reach the global optimum in high-dimensional decision spaces. On the other hand, rainfall plays a key role among various climate inputs in driving hydrological models, and uncertainties associated with rainfall characteristics (e.g. rainfall depth and temporal pattern) would have a great impact on the reliability of the simulation-optimization results.

Through a case study, we propose a robust surrogate-based simulation-optimization scheme for designing the layout of two types of WRMs (i.e. GR and BC) under rainfall uncertainties. Those WRMs are embedded in a hydrological model (i.e. Storm water management model, SWMM). The objective is to maximize the reduction of flood damage costs with a limited budget for WRMs. Design rainfalls are developed on the basis of local IDF curve and 30-year length of daily rainfall records, with various depths and patterns considered for driving the SWMM model, which make each WRM simulation expensive (i.e. around 4 mins). For solving this expensive global optimization problem, we adopted an improved surrogate global optimization algorithm namely DYnamic COordinate search using Response Surface models (DYCORS), where the surrogate is designed to reduce the number of expensive function evaluations. With the budget for WRM simulations (i.e. function evaluations) capped at 500, DYCORS manages to find a good optimal solution in 32 hours of CPU run time. It was shown that when uncertainty inputs (like rainfall) increase the complexity and computational cost of the hydrological simulation-optimization problem, the proposed scheme becomes a promising way to support urban water managers for a more science-based WRM design towards flood risk mitigation.
Early Survey Results and Broader Viewpoints for Promoting Inclusive Conferences in the Earth and Space Sciences
Authors: Smith-Keiling Beverly , Keiling Andreas
Published: March 2020

From the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights to current diversity statements, science entities in the U.S. and globally promote and enhance diversity and equity. For example, EGU, AGU, and Europlanet aim to ‘improve equality of opportunity and diversity’, ‘foster an inclusive environment where science and scientific careers can flourish’, and ‘build a diverse inclusive community,’ respectively. One of these areas is in scientific conferences, not only in the participation in the conference but also engagement and representation at every level.

Observations were made and strategies employed while hosting (together with colleagues) four AGU Chapman conferences between 2011-2016. As we focused on intentionally increasing inclusion, the first conference was exploratory, the second observational, the third was not intervened, and for the fourth conference, efforts were made at each step, e.g. increased representation of women at 20%, support diverse country and socioeconomic participation, etc. All four conferences aimed to promote interdisciplinary scientific discussions among solar and heliospheric scientists, and magnetospheric and ionospheric scientists for Earth and other planets with icebreaker activities and cultural programs from four different global regions: (1) Alaska, (2) Iceland, (3) South Korea, and (4) Croatia. Each conference posed new challenges.

Within the social ecological framework, individual and interpersonal inner-level determinants were our primary target leading us to seek broader viewpoints through an internationally distributed survey. In this presentation, we describe challenges, best-practice interventions, and share some early survey results about what constitutes an inclusive conference. We continue to seek and share INCLUSIVE strategies to promote advocacy for policy changes and for additional measures that could be applied at the conference initiation. 
Understanding strength and texture in Fe at planetary core pressures and temperatures: insights from laser compression experiments
Authors: Merkel Sébastien , Hok Sovanndara , Bolme Cynthia , Gleason Arianna , Mao Wendy
Published: March 2020

Determining the high pressure and temperature behavior of iron (Fe) provides valuable insight into the evolution and dynamics of the Earth’s core. Shock compression using lasers can achieve extreme pressure and temperature conditions simultaneously. The duration of the extreme conditions state is on the order of nanoseconds. This is a challenge for in situ measurements of the shocked material’s properties. In this work, we shock-compressed polycrystalline iron at the Matter in Extreme Conditions End Station at the Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and performed in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements with sub-picosecond time resolution. The final aim of these experiments is the study of stress of texure in Fe under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. The presentation will highlight the strategies for such experiment and data processing and present our premilinary results.
An Integrated GIS and Big Data Platform for Meteorological Disaster Risk Management and its Application
Authors: Li Ying
Published: March 2020

Under the background of global changes, the frequency and intensity of various meteorological disasters are increasing, which poses a great challenge to the risk management worldwide. The Sendai Framework was put forward by the third world conference on disaster reduction, providing a roadmap for the international community to respond to disaster risks. In recent years, China has stepped up its implementation of disaster risk reduction actions, but there has been no systematic platform to supply professional services of meteorological disaster risk reduction for decision makers. In order to effectively reduce the risk of meteorological disasters and meet the urgent need in service, Beijing Climate Center of China developed a Meteorological disaster risk management platform (MDRMP), which integrates the technology of big data management, scientific achievements transformation and spatiotemporal multidimensional visualization, under a unified highly-intensified framework. Through three years of hard work, MDRMP was initially built and has been put into operation, providing professional services for decision makers and other stakeholders with real-time disaster monitoring, early warning, impact analysis and risk assessment. The main functions of MDRIMP include hazard identification, risk prediction, risk regionalization, warning service, information inquiry, online analysis, etc.
MDRMP contains four subsystems, namely, Big Data Application Center, Model and Algorithm Center, Online Analysis Center and Operation Center. Big Data Application Center include 12 major categories, more than 600 million various pieces of information. Based on the Cloud-terminal and GIS technology, the multi-source and heterogeneous data is jointed in horizontal direction and correlated in vertical direction with its spatial attributes, forming the core database of the whole system. Model and Algorithm Center integrated more than 100 models of the algorithm related to disaster risk analysis. The algorithm library realizes the unified scheduling, management and real-time monitoring through registration, classification and execution monitoring technologies.
MDRMP has already been applied nationwide based on a Cloud-terminal, and support unified access, personalized configuration and service customization of users in provinces, cities and counties in China. This paper provides an overview, functions and the current status of the MDRMP. It will also describe how services are made available to the end user via various channels in addition to the productions of MDRMP in routine operations.
Flow rate dependent transport of Fluopyram in saturated sandy soil
Authors: Vasconcelos Barroca Mariana , Arye Gilboa , Ronen Zeev
Published: March 2020

Velum® is a novel contact nematicide with Fluopyram (FL) as active ingredient. Knowledge on its adsorption and transport characteristics is essential for both agricultural and environmental considerations. The main objective of this study was to quantify the transport characteristics of FL in a sandy soil from a non-cultivated area in Arava region, Southern Israel, with a special focus on the behavior in soil after drip application. In this regard, soil column transport experiments under saturated water flow conditions were conducted. In addition to FL, the transport experiments were performed with a bromide tracer. Four factors were examined: (i) pulse concentration, (ii) water flux (ii) pulse size and (iv) interrupted flow. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were measured by batch experiments. The established breakthrough curves (BTCs) were analyzed with the convection–dispersion equation (CDE) in its chemical equilibrium and non-equilibrium forms. In addition, the validity of a two-site kinetics model was evaluated. All models were examined with and without a term, assuming irreversible sorption. The bromide BTCs were adequately fitted by analytical solutions of the equilibrium CDE using the CXTFIT code, suggesting that physical equilibrium is prevailing. The FL BTCs were fitted with two-site sorption and two kinetic sites models using HYDRUS-1D code. The experimental mass balance analysis demonstrated that the bromide mass was fully recovered, while only part of total FL applied was recovered, in particular, at low flow rate. The comparison between non-interrupted and interrupted water flow demonstrated that at a given flow rate, during the pulse input, the two BTCs are identical. However, following the flow interruption (60 hours), when the flow resumed, a sharp decrease could be observed in FL concentration. Thereafter, the two BTCs are re-converged, exhibiting similar desorption behavior. Possible explanations for FL transport characteristics seems to be low kinetics desorption and/or irreversible adsorption. Additional quantitative insights from the numerical analysis will be presented and discussed based on the goodness of fit and optimized parameters of each model.   
Experimental investigation of Dust Devil like vortices with 3D particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Lösch Alice , du Puits Ronald
Published: March 2020

Dust devils are atmospheric air vortices with a vertical axis, which are formed by strong sun radiation and the resulting vertical temperature gradient. The structure of a typical dust devil is dominated by a radial inflow near the surface and a vertical upward flow within the vortex. Since experimental investigations are limited to local in-situ measurements of the atmosphere, many mechanisms related to their formation and their characteristic properties are insufficiently understood. We will present an idea how dust devils can be generated in a laboratory experiment and how processes, which contribute to their formation, can be investigated.

We have chosen the so-called Rayleigh-Bénard set-up as an appropriate model experiment for our investigations. The "Barrel of Ilmenau" is a test facility, which consists mainly of an air-filled, cylindrical tank with a total diameter of 7 m and a total height of 8 m. At the bottom of the tank is a heating plate, whose temperature can be set precisely between 20°C and 80°C. A second plate, which can be positioned at any height between 0.2m and 6.3m above the heating plate, is used for cooling and can be set to temperatures as low as 10°C...30 °C. This results in a total temperature difference of up to 70K which is significantly beyond the temperature difference of the atmospheric boundary layer. The side wall of the tank is adiabatic. Due to the isothermal plates and a compensation heating system, a temperature that is constant over time is reached and controlled boundary conditions can be assumed.

For the characterization of Dust Devil-like vortices, an optical measurement method is used to obtain the trajectories of single particles. Since there are no commercial systems that are suitable for such a large measurement volume, we created our own system. The measurements in the RB cell are carried out with an aspect ratio Γ=3 and a Ra number of Ra=2x1010 and Ra=8x1010.  With the help of the measurements we want to show that Dust Devil-like vortices are created. The structure should be characterized and the results will be compared to DNS.
Modeling Farmer’s Decision-Making to integrate climate, land use and ecosystem functions
Authors: Gaube Veronica , Egger Claudine , Plutzar Christoph , Mayer Andreas , Haberl Helmut
Published: March 2020

Land use and climate change are important drivers of environmental change and pose a major threat to ecosystems. Although systemic feedbacks between climate and land use changes are expected to have important impacts, research has rarely focused on the interaction between the two drivers. One reason for this could be that forecasts of land use are hardly available on suitable spatial and thematic scales. Agent-based models (ABMs) represent a potentially powerful tool for creating thematic and spatially fine-grained land use scenarios. In order to derive such scenarios, the complex interaction between land users (e.g. farmers) and the broader socio-economic context in which they operate must be taken into account. On landscape to regional scales, agent-based modelling (ABM) is one way to adequately consider these intricacies. ABMs simulate human decisions, and with individual land owners/users as agents, they can simulate usage paths for individual plots of land in thematically fine resolution. Ideally, these simulations are based on an understanding of how farmers make decisions, including anticipated strategies, adaptive behavior and social interactions. In order to develop such an understanding, participatory approaches are useful because they incorporate stakeholders' perspectives into the model calibration, thereby taking into account culture and traditions that often play an important role in land use decisions. A greater proximity to stakeholder perspectives also increases the political relevance of such land use models. Here we present an example where we developed an ABM (SECLAND) parameterised for 1,329 stakeholders, mostly farmers, in the LTSER region Eisenwurzen (Austria) and simulate the changes in land use patterns resulting from their response to three scenarios of changing socio-economic conditions. Summarized in broad categories, the study region currently consists of 67% deciduous and coniferous forests (including logging), 19% grassland, 9% agricultural land and 6% alpine areas. SECLAND simulated small to moderate changes in these percentages until 2050, with little difference between the scenarios. In general, an increase in forests is predicted at the expense of grasslands. The size of agricultural land remains approximately constant. At the level of the 22 land use classes, the trends between the land use change scenarios differ more strongly. This ABM at the individual or farm level is combined with biodiversity and biogeochemical models that analyse how landowners' decision-making affects various ecosystem parameters. We conclude that agent-based modelling is a powerful tool for integrating land use and climate effects into ecosystem projections, especially at regional level.
3D geometry of outcrop-scale normal faults from Taranaki, New Zealand
Authors: Vaknin Inbar , Nicol Andy , Childs Conrad
Published: March 2020

Fault surfaces and fault zones have been shown to have complex geometries comprising a range of morphologies including, segmentation, tip-line splays and slip-surface corrugations (e.g., Childs et al., 2009*). The three-dimensional (3D) geometries of faults (and fault zones) is difficult to determine from outcrop data which are typically 2D and limited in size. In this poster we examine the small-scale geometries of faults from normal faults cropping out in well bedded parts of the Mount Messenger and Mahakatino formations in Taranaki, New Zealand. We present two main datasets; i) measurements and maps of 2D vertical and horizontal sections for in excess of 200 faults and, ii) 3D fault model of a small-fault (vertical displacement ~1 cm) produced by serial fault-perpendicular sections of a block 10x10x13 cm. The sectioned block contains a single fault that offsets sand and silt layers, and comprises two main dilational bends; in the 3D model we map displacement, bedding and fault geometry for the sectioned fault zone. Faults in the 2D dataset comprise a range of geometries including, vertical segmentation, bends, splays and fault-surface corrugations. Although we have little information on the local magnitudes and orientations of stresses during faulting, geometric analysis of the fault zones provides information on the relationships between bed characteristics (e.g., thickness, induration and composition) and fault-surface orientations. The available data supports the view that the strike and dip of fault surfaces vary by up to 25° producing undulations or corrugations on fault surfaces over a range of scales from millimetres to metres and in both horizontal and vertical directions. Preliminary analysis of the available data suggests that these corrugations appear to reflect fault refractions due to changing bed lithologies (unexpectedly the steepest sections of faults are in mudstone beds), breaching of relays and development of conjugate fault sets. The relative importance of these factors and their importance for fault geometry will be explored further in the poster.

 

*Childs, C., Walsh, J.J., Manzocchi, T., Bonson, C., Nicol A., Schöpfer, M.P.J. 2009. A geometric model of fault zone and fault rock thickness variations. Journal of Structural Geology 31, 117-127.
Inter-decadal variation in clastic sediment yield from a forested mountain basin in relation to natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Authors: Cienciala Piotr , Bernardo Mishel Melendez , Haas Andrew , Nelson Andrew
Published: March 2020

The variability in fluvial yield of clastic sediment is a useful metric of the upstream basin's geomorphic response to natural and anthropogenic landscape disturbances. It reflects an integrated signal of sediment mobilization and connectivity, that is the efficiency with which the mobilized material is evacuated by the sediment routing system. Average clastic sediment yield has also been used as a measure of mechanical denudation rates, although material storage along the routing system necessitates caution in such inferences.

Insight into the geomorphic responses to disturbances, provided by sediment yield analysis, is crucial for the understanding and management of river ecosystems. In the context of ongoing environmental change, intermediate-term system responses (spanning decades-to-centuries) to shifting disturbance regimes are of particular interest. Because of non-stationary conditions and high variability in fluvial sediment transport, knowledge developed based on short-term records of instrumented measurements is not readily transferrable to such longer time-scales. As a result, there is a need for more research focused on multi-decadal sediment yield patterns. 

This research addresses such a research need, by estimating clastic sediment yield from a forested mountain basin in NE Washington (USA) during a period of 107 years. To this end, we use historical aerial imagery and track, at the decadal resolution, sedimentation associated with delta growth following the construction of a dam. We interpret these data in the context of available records of streamflow and timber harvest operations, which constitute primary natural and anthropogenic disturbances. 

Preliminary results suggest relatively low sediment yield from the study basin, almost an order of magnitude lower than those reported from the coastal Pacific Northwest. We interpret inter-decadal variation in sediment yield estimates as indicative of interactive effects of flow forcing and land cover disturbance magnitude. We also believe that, because of variations of connectivity within the routing system, the sensitivity of sediment yield to disturbance at this time-scale is modulated by the location within the basin relative to its outlet.
Preferences for nature-based solutions aiming at reducing flood risks. Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment in the Lez catchment (France)
Authors: Hérivaux Cécile , Le Coënt Philippe
Published: March 2020

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being promoted as a means of reducing water-related risks, particularly flood risks. These solutions can also generate a wide range of co-benefits (e.g., climate regulation, air quality regulation, reduction of urban heat islands), and may pose some constraints in contexts with high population growth and urban development. Understanding and evaluating these co-benefits and constraints can be a lever to facilitate the implementation of these solutions.

We implement a Discrete Choice Experiment survey in the Lez catchment (France) to assess residents’ preferences for different types of NBS and levels of implementation and to evaluate the monetary value of NBS co-benefits. We consider two types of NBS: i) the conservation of natural and agricultural land (by limiting urban sprawl) and ii) the introduction of green infrastructure into the city.  

The results obtained from 400 households living in the Lez basin show that people associate many co-benefits with NBS and that these co-benefits are greater than constraints. The econometric analysis reveals that respondents prefer the most ambitious levels of NBS implementation. The mean overall amount residents are willing to pay for the co-benefits generated by NBS are estimated between 133€ and 178€ household/year depending on the NBS types and levels of implementation. Results also show significant levels of heterogeneity of the preference for NBS between respondent types.

This analysis confirms that people attach an economic value to the co-benefits associated to NBS primarily aiming at reducing flood risk. It gives insights to understand i) which category of population is more or less in favour of different NBS solutions and ii) which co-benefit is particularly influencial in the value granted by the population to the proposed NBS strategies. This application of the Choice Experiment methodology is one of the first application of the methodology to the evaluation of NBS. This work was carried out as part of the EU H2020 NAIAD project.
Impact of turbulence on cloud microphysics of water droplets population
Authors: Golshan Mina , Tomatis Mattia , Abdunabiev Shahbozbek , Fraternale Federico , Vanni Marco , Tordella Daniela
Published: March 2020

This work focuses on the turbulent shearless mixing structure of a cloud/clear air interface with physical parameters typical of cumulus warm clouds. We investigate the effect of turbulence on the droplet size distribution, in particular, we focus on the distribution's broadening and on the collision kernel. We performed numerical experiments via Direct Numerical Simulations(DNS) of turbulent interfaces subject to density stratification and vapor density  fluctuation. Specifically, an initial supersaturation around 2 % and a dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy of 100 cm2/s3 are set in the DNSs. Taylor's Reynolds number is between 150 and 300. The total number of particles is around 5-10 millions, matching an initial liquid water content of 0.8 g/m3. Through these experiments, we provide a measure of the collision kernel and compare it with literature models [Saffman & Turner,1955], which is then included in a drops Population Balance Equation model (PBE). The PBE includes both processes of drops growth by condensation/evaporation and aggregation.
Monitoring floating riverine pollution by advanced technology
Authors: Ruiz Irene , Barurko Oihane , Epelde Irati , Liria Pedro , Rubio Anna , Mader Julien , Delpey Matthias
Published: March 2020

Rivers act as pathways to the ocean of significant but unquantified amounts of plastic pollution. Measuring with precision the quantities of riverine plastic inputs is crucial to support and ensure the effectiveness of prevention and mitigation waste management actions. However, there is a lack of technological tools capable of monitoring and, consequently, assessing accurately plastic abundances and its temporal variability through river water surfaces. Within the LIFE LEMA project, two videometry systems were installed at the river mouths of two European rivers  (Oria in Spain and Adour in France)  and a detection algorithm was developed  to monitor litter inputs in near real time . The objective of these developments was to detect riverine pollution at water surface, with the goal of quantifying the number and providing data on the travel speed and size of the floating items. Between 2018 and 2020, the system was tested under different environmental conditions. These tests have led to develop a second version of the algorithm that improves the results reducing false positives. After these improvements, a new validation has been carried out consisting in detailed analysis of more than 300 short videos of 5 minutes duration recorded in Orio’s station under different river flows, weather conditions and plastic loads. The validation results highlighted the operational reliability of the system. In a scale of 1 to 5 scoring (being 1 very bad and 5 very good) over 70% of the recordings scored 4 to 5. This also demonstrated the great potential of the videometry system in harmonizing visual observations of floating riverine litter. The data provided by the systems is currently being used in the LEMA TOOL, a tool designed to guide local authorities on managing, monitoring and forecasting marine litter presence and abundances in coastal waters of the SE Bay of Biscay. Furthermore, the data provided is key to evaluate the sources of the pollution and the efficiency of waste management measures within the river basins, towards a successful reduction of plastic inputs into the ocean.
Towards easily accessible interactive big-data analysis on supercomputers
Authors: Höflich Katharina , Claus Martin , Rath Willi , Krause Dorian , von St. Vieth Benedikt , Thust Kay
Published: March 2020

Demand on high-end high performance computer (HPC) systems by the Earth system science community today encompasses not only the handling of complex simulations but also machine and deep learning as well as interactive data analysis workloads on large volumes of data. This poster addresses the infrastructure needs of large-scale interactive data analysis workloads on supercomputers. It lays out how to enable optimizations of existing infrastructure with respect to accessibility, usability and interactivity and aims at informing decision making about future systems. To enhance accessibility, options for distributed access, e.g. through JupyterHub, will be evaluated. To increase usability, the unification of working environments via the operation and the joint maintenance of containers will be explored. Containers serve as a portable base software setting for data analysis application stacks and allow for long-term usability of individual working environments and repeatability of scientific analysis. Aiming for interactive big-data analysis on HPC will also help the scientific community in utilizing increasingly heterogeneous supercomputers, since the modular data-analysis stack already contains solutions for seamless use of various architectures such as accelerators. However, to enable day-to-day interactive work on supercomputers, the inter-operation of workloads with quick turn-around times and highly variable resource demands needs to be understood and evaluated. To this end, scheduling policies on selected HPC systems are reviewed with respect to existing technical solutions such as job preemption, utilizing the resiliency features of parallel computing toolkits like Dask. Presented are preliminary results focussing on the aspects of usability and interactive use of HPC systems on the basis of typical use cases from the ocean science community.
Forty years of global wave hindcasts using the observation-based source terms: validation and geophysical applications
Authors: Liu Qingxiang , Babanin Alexander , Rogers Erick , Zieger Stefan
Published: March 2020

Forty years (1979-2019) of global wave hindcasts are developed with the third generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III® using the state-of-the-art observation-based source term parameterizations (i.e., ST6) and the advanced irregular-regular-irregular (IRI) 1/4 grid system. The wave model has been forced with two distinct wind databases sourced from the latest NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) and the fifth generation of the ECMWF climate reanalyses (ERA5), together with the ice concentration available from the EUMETSAT OSI SAF (version 2). The hindcasts not only include traditional integral wave parameters (e.g., wave height, period) but also provide various novel parameters such as the dominant wave breaking probability, wave-induced mixed layer depth and whitecap coverage that are derived from wave spectrum based on previous theoretical and empirical studies. Wave parameters are extensively validated against observations from in-situ buoys and satellite altimeters on a global scale. Possible applications of these hindcasts in the fields of freak waves, sea spray and air-sea gas transfer will also be discussed.
Concurrent wet and dry hydrological extremes at the global scale
Authors: De Luca Paolo , Messori Gabriele , Wilby Robert L. , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Multi-hazard events can be associated with larger socio-economic impacts than single-hazard events. Understanding the spatio-temporal interactions that characterize the former is therefore of relevance to disaster risk reduction measures. Here, we consider two high-impact hazards, namely wet and dry hydrological extremes, and quantify their global co-occurrence. We define these using the monthly self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index based on the Penman–Monteith model (sc_PDSI_pm), covering the period 1950–2014, at 2.5∘ horizontal resolution. We find that the land areas affected by extreme wet, dry, and wet–dry events (i.e. geographically remote yet temporally co-occurring wet or dry extremes) are all increasing with time, the trends of which in dry and wet–dry episodes are significant (p value ≪ 0.01). The most geographically widespread
wet–dry event was associated with the strong La Niña in 2010. This
caused wet–dry anomalies across a land area of 21 million km2 with
documented high-impact flooding and drought episodes spanning diverse
regions. To further elucidate the interplay of wet and dry extremes at a
grid cell scale, we introduce two new metrics: the wet–dry (WD) ratio and
the extreme transition (ET) time intervals. The WD ratio measures the
relative occurrence of wet or dry extremes, whereas ET quantifies the
average separation time of hydrological extremes with opposite signs. The
WD ratio shows that the incidence of wet extremes dominates over dry
extremes in the USA, northern and southern South America, northern Europe,
north Africa, western China, and most of Australia. Conversely, dry extremes
are more prominent in most of the remaining regions. The median ET for wet
to dry is ∼27 months, while the dry-to-wet median ET is 21 months. We also evaluate correlations between wet–dry hydrological extremes and leading modes of climate variability, namely the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic
Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). We find that ENSO and PDO have a similar
influence globally, with the former significantly impacting (p value < 0.05) a larger area (18.1 % of total sc_PDSI_pm area) compared to the latter (12.0 %), whereas the AMO shows an almost inverse pattern and significantly impacts the largest area overall (18.9 %). ENSO and PDO show the most significant correlations over northern South America, the central and western USA, the Middle East, eastern Russia, and eastern Australia. On the other hand, the AMO shows significant associations over Mexico, Brazil, central Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, China, and eastern Russia. Our analysis brings new insights on hydrological multi-hazards that are of relevance to governments and organizations with globally distributed interests. Specifically, the multi-hazard maps may be used to evaluate worst-case disaster scenarios considering the potential co-occurrence of wet and dry hydrological extremes.
P3 – PetroPhysical Property Database – a global compilation of lab measured rock properties
Authors: Bär Kristian , Reinsch Thomas , Bott Judith
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Petrophysical properties are key to populate local and/or regional numerical models and to interpret results from geophysical investigation methods. Searching for rock property values measured on samples from a specific rock unit at a specific location might become a very time-consuming challenge given that such data are spread across diverse compilations and that the number of publications on new measurements is continuously growing and data are of heterogeneous quality. Profiting from existing laboratory data to populate numerical models or interpret geophysical surveys at specific locations or for individual reservoir units is often hampered if information on the sample location, petrography, stratigraphy, measuring method and conditions are sparse or not documented. Within the framework of the EC funded project IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration, EU grant agreement No. 608553), an open-access database of lab measured petrophysical properties has been developed (Bär et al., 20182019: P3 – Database, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2019.P3). The goal of this hierarchical database is to provide easily accessible information on physical rock properties relevant for geothermal exploration and reservoir characterization in a single compilation. Collected data include classical petrophysical, thermophysical and mechanical properties and, in addition, electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Each measured value is complemented by relevant meta-information such as the corresponding sample location, petrographic description, chronostratigraphic age, if available, and original citation. The original stratigraphic and petrographic descriptions are transferred to standardized catalogues following a hierarchical structure ensuring inter-comparability for statistical analysis (Bär et al., 2019: P3 – Petrography, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2019.P3.p, Bär et al., 20182019: 3 – Stratigraphy, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2019.P3.s. In addition, information on the experimental setup (methods) and the measurement conditions are listed for quality control. Thus, rock properties can directly be related to in-situ conditions to derive specific parameters relevant for simulating subsurface processes or interpreting geophysical data. We describe the structure, content and status quo of the database and discuss its limitations and advantages for the end-user.
Unravelling intractable water conflicts: the entanglement of science and politics in decision-making on a large hydraulic infrastructure project
Authors: Godinez-Madrigal Jonatan , Van Cauwenbergh Nora , van der Zaag Pieter
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Global trends suggest that cities around the world are increasingly depleting available water resources. A common strategy is to opt for supply augmentation infrastructure. However, this response can be a financial and social burden for many cities, because they entail developing expensive infrastructure and can trigger social conflicts. Science is often expected to play a key role in informing policymakers and social actors to clarify controversies surrounding policy responses to water scarcity. However, managing conflicts is a socio-political process, and the use of models may have the effect of de-politicizing such processes; conveying the idea that optimal solutions can be objectively identified despite the many perspectives and interests at play. This raises the question whether science can depoliticize water conflicts, or whether instead conflicts politicize science-policy processes? We use the Zapotillo dam and water transfer project in Mexico to analyze the roles of science-policy processes in water conflicts. The Zapotillo project aims at augmenting urban water supply to Guadalajara and León, two large cities in Western Mexico, but a social and legal conflict has stalled the project until today. To analyze the conflict and how stakeholders make sense of it, we interviewed the most relevant actors and studied negotiations between different interest groups through participant observation. To examine the role of science-policy processes in the conflict, we mobilized concepts of epistemic uncertainty and ambiguity and analyzed the design and use of water resources models produced by key actors aiming to resolve the conflict. While the use of models is a proven method to construct future scenarios and test different strategies, the parameterization of scenarios and their results depend on the knowledge and/or interests of actors who own the model. We found that in the Zapotillo case, scenarios reflected the interests and strategies of actors on one side of the conflict, resulting in increased distrust by the opposing actors. We conclude that the dilemma of achieving urban water security through investing in either large infrastructure (supply augmentation) or alternative strategies (demand-side management), cannot be resolved if some key interested parties have not been involved in the scientific processes framing the problem and solution space.
What controls the coarse sediment yield to a Mediterranean delta The case of the Llobregat river (NE Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Martín-Vide Juan P. , Prats-Puntí Arnau , Ferrer-Boix Carles
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The human pressure upon an alluvial river in the Mediterranean region has changed its riverine and deltaic landscapes. The river has been channelized in the last 50 years while the delta is being retreating for more than a century. The paper concentrates on the fluvial component, trying to connect it to the delta evolution. It develops a method to compute the actual bed load transport with real data. The paper compares the computation with measurements and bulk volumes of trapped material at a deep river mouth. Sediment availability in the last 30 km of the river channel is deemed responsible for the decrease in the sediment yield to the delta. Moreover, reforestation is deemed responsible for a baseline delta retreat. The sediment trapping efficiency of dams is less important than the flow regulation by dams, in the annual sediment yield. Therefore, it is more effective a step back from channelisation than to pass sediment at dams, to provide sand to the beaches.
TAME, gramaticalización e interfaz sintaxis-pragmática del español y el mapudungún desde miradas funcionales y formales
Authors: Olate Vinet Aldo
Published: March 2020

La discusión teórica en las tradiciones de la gramática contemporánea es un hecho inapelable, las miradas formales y las funcionales son centrales a la hora de responder un problema de investigación; sin embargo, cuando los fenómenos son examinados desde diferentes enfoques, el ámbito de conocimiento se enriquece y amplifica. Los cuatro trabajos que se presentan en este monográfico conjugan miradas teóricas diversas sobre fenómenos de Tiempo, Aspectualidad, Modalidad, Evidencialidad, gramaticalización e interfaz sintaxis-pragmática del español y del mapudungún. El campo de trabajo particular que cada estudio aborda y los fenómenos específicos a los que se les pone atención parecen dispares; sin embargo, están fundados en problemas nucleares de la gramática contemporánea (descripción, procesos e interfaces). Así, se observa, desde la tradición funcionalista, la diacronía del sistema evidencial del mapudungún hablado en el Ngulumapu y a partir de la gramática discursivo funcional se explora la agentividad no intencional de la perífrasis pasar a + infinitivo que caracteriza el habla oral de la zona sur Chile. Por otro lado, desde perspectivas teóricas formales, se analiza el aspecto continuativo de construcciones del español formadas por seguir + estructuras predicativas (en sentido amplio) con el propósito de caracterizar la relación entre el componente aspectual y el tipo de situación: Por otro lado, en la misma línea formal, se estudia el fenómeno de la compleción a partir de la teoría de los constituyentes inarticulados con el propósito de analizar estas estructuras en cuanto a la vinculación establecida entre estructura sintáctica y proposicional y, además, en su relación con la predicación. El propósito que tiene este monográfico es enriquecer el campo de estudio del español en general y del de Chile en particular y, además, aportar con un primer acercamiento a los procesos de gramaticalización del idioma mapuche, lengua indoamericana que se habla en Chile y Argentina.
Influencia interlingüística y eficacia comunicativa en las producciones orales de aprendices plurilingües de español
Authors: Pizarro Carmona Mercedes , Doquin de Saint Preux Anna , Ezeiza Ramos Joseba
Published: March 2020

Este estudio se centra en el fenómeno de la influencia interlingüística y su efecto en la eficacia comunicativa durante el proceso de adquisición de español como L3 en un contexto internacional y multilingüe. Se basa en el análisis de errores léxicos de las producciones orales de cuatro aprendices adultos de español como L3, con diferentes L1, pero con L2 comunes. Los resultados evidencian errores léxicos por influencia de las lenguas previamente adquiridas, pero no muestran diferencias entre tipos de error con relación a sus distintas LM/L1. Sí reflejan, en cambio, diferencias en función del distinto nivel de dominio de la lengua objeto (español). Asimismo, se observa que, a pesar de los errores detectados en sus interlenguas, ello no parece representar un serio problema desde el punto de vista de la eficacia comunicativa. De acuerdo con lo anterior, estos datos indicarían la importancia de la influencia interlingüística como factor de estrategia comunicativa.
Alicante 2020: III Congreso Internacional Entretextos: géneros discursivos, corpus y traducción en contextos profesionales y académicos
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2020

CFP del III Congreso Internacional Entretextos: géneros discursivos, corpus y traducción en contextos profesionales y académicos, que se celebrará del 28 al 30 de octubre del 2020 en Alicante (España).
Madrid 2020: VI Foro de la Asociación de Lingüística del Discurso
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2020

CFP del VI Foro de la Asociación de Lingüística del Discurso, que se celebrará en Madrid (España) del 15-16 de junio de 2020.
Los títulos de crédito como fórmula de condensación narrativa y simbólica: el caso de "Lilith" de Robert Rossen
Authors: Jiménez de las Heras José Antonio , Aranda Ricardo Jimeno
Published: March 2020

Los títulos de crédito fueron originalmente incorporados a las películas con la intención de dejar constancia de sus intérpretes y responsables creativos y técnicos. Sin embargo, con la evolución narrativa del cine estos se convirtieron, de forma cada vez más frecuente, en pequeñas piezas narrativas con sustancia e independencia propia para ser tomados en cuenta y, por lo tanto, analizados. El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de los títulos de crédito de Lilith (1964), última película del director Robert Rossen que forma un personal e irrepetible díptico junto a The Hustler (El buscavidas, 1961). En los créditos de Lilith el director plantea de forma compleja, y con una alta conceptualización y abstracción, cuestiones narrativas, simbólicas y discursivas que serán desarrolladas en el cuerpo del filme. Esta voluntad de decir del director, de levantar acta sobre sí mismo y sobre el mundo, queda impresa en esta set piece, convirtiéndola en una narración condensada de alto valor y complejidad, muestra casi única en su especie, al crear un microrrelato de valor independiente con una complejidad infrecuente.
The orophilous relict High Campoese finely-toothed willow communities
Authors: Cantoral González Alberto Luis , Alonso Redondo Raquel , García González Marta Eva
Published: March 2020

This paper examines High Campoese orophilous snowbed dwarf communities of finely-toothed willow Salix breviserrata Flod. The acidophilous, rupicolous and temporihygrophilous character of this species results in a singular floristic composition that is very different from the Salix breviserrata s.l. Picoeuropean communities. Based on the relevés sampled, the authors describe the endemic High Campoese dwarf scrub association Alchemillo alpinae-Salicetum breviserratae, which we ascribe to the Salicetea herbaceae class, where the mildest ecological conditions are represented, accounting for its relict character. These are Sites of Community Importance as stipulated by the European Commission Habitats Directive, which, together with their sensitivity to global climate change stemming from their limited synchorology, underlines their threatened status and the need for conservation policy.