bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adhesion between rubber and glass in dry and lubricated condition
Authors: Dorogin L. , Tiwari A. , Rotella C. , Mangiagalli P. , Persson B. N. J.
Published: June 2018

We study the adhesion between differently processed glass and filled bromobutyl rubber in dry conditions, in water, and in silicone oil. The boundary line between contact and non-contact in adhesion experiments can be considered as a mode I crack, and we show that viscoelastic energy dissipation, close to the opening (or closing) crack tip and surface roughness, strongly affects the work of adhesion. We observe strong adhesion hysteresis and, in contrast to the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts theory prediction for elastic solids, this results in a pull-off force (and work of adhesion) which depends on the loading force and contact time. In particular, for the system immersed in water and silicone oil, we register very weak adhesive bonding. For glass ball with baked-on silicone oil, the pull-off force is nearly independent of the contact time, but this is not observed for the unprocessed glass surface.
Linearized machine-learning interatomic potentials for non-magnetic elemental metals: Limitation of pairwise descriptors and trend of predictive power
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Seko Atsuto , Tanaka Isao
Published: June 2018

Machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP) has been of growing interest as a useful method to describe the energetics of systems of interest. In the present study, we examine the accuracy of linearized pairwise MLIPs and angular-dependent MLIPs for 31 elemental metals. Using all of the optimal MLIPs for 31 elemental metals, we show the robustness of the linearized frameworks, the general trend of the predictive power of MLIPs, and the limitation of pairwise MLIPs. As a result, we obtain accurate MLIPs for all 31 elements using the same linearized framework. This indicates that the use of numerous descriptors is the most important practical feature for constructing MLIPs with high accuracy. An accurate MLIP can be constructed using only pairwise descriptors for most non-transition metals, whereas it is very important to consider angular-dependent descriptors when expressing interatomic interactions of transition metals.
A perturbation theory for equation of state of hydrogen in warm and hot dense regimes
Authors: Sai Venkata Ramana A. , Singla Anuradha
Published: June 2018

In the warm dense regime of hydrogen plasma where the ions and the electrons are strongly coupled, few theoretical models for equation of state (EOS) exist which are accurate enough and simple to implement. In the recent past, we have developed a method for calculating the Helmholtz free energy of a mixture of ions and electrons by combining the orbital-free quantum hypernetted chain (QHNC) method with perturbation theory treating the electron-ion interaction as a perturbation over a reference system of one component plasma (OCP) and uniform electron gas (UEG). However, it was assumed that electrons were at zero Kelvin and a crude formula for the free energy of the UEG was used. This limited the applicability of the method to a small density-temperature regime. In the present work, a finite temperature extension to the orbital-free QHNC theory is derived and is employed in the perturbation theory we developed. Also, an accurate formula given by Ichimaru is used for the free energy of the UEG. EOS, ionic, and electronic structures of fully ionized hydrogen plasma are obtained using the improved method for a wide range of densities and temperatures in the warm and hot dense plasma regimes. The results of the present method are in excellent agreement with those of simulation data for pressures above 1Mbar. It is observed that, above 5 eV, the reference system, i.e., the OCP + UEG, gives the most dominant contribution to EOS and the contribution of perturbation terms is limited to 5%.
A new stable, crystalline capping material for topological insulators
Authors: Lin H. Y. , Cheng C. K. , Chen K. H. M. , Tseng C. C. , Huang S. W. , Chang M. T. , Tseng S. C. , Hong M. , Kwo J.
Published: June 2018

To preserve the high quality topological surface state after air exposure without degradation, it is crucial to identify an effective capping layer. In this study, we report an effective capping layer obtained by crystallizing Se. Upon extended exposure to ultrahigh vacuum or humid air, we show by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy that the stability and resistance to oxidation of crystalline Se capping layers are superior to those of the amorphous Se capping layer, which has been commonly used by current communities. Furthermore, time-dependent Hall measurements showed that crystalline Se capping layers had a much stronger ability to sustain the intrinsic transport properties of Bi2Se3.
Communication: Compact orbitals enable low-cost linear-scaling ab initio molecular dynamics for weakly-interacting systems
Authors: Scheiber Hayden , Shi Yifei , Khaliullin Rustam Z.
Published: June 2018

Today, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) relies on the locality of one-electron density matrices to achieve linear growth of computation time with the system size, crucial in large-scale simulations. While Kohn-Sham orbitals strictly localized within predefined radii can offer substantial computational advantages over density matrices, such compact orbitals are not used in AIMD because a compact representation of the electronic ground state is difficult to find. Here, a robust method for maintaining compact orbitals close to the ground state is coupled with a modified Langevin integrator to produce stable nuclear dynamics for molecular and ionic systems. This eliminates a density matrix optimization and enables first orbital-only linear-scaling AIMD. An application to liquid water demonstrates that low computational overhead of the new method makes it ideal for routine medium-scale simulations, while its linear-scaling complexity allows us to extend first-principle studies of molecular systems to completely new physical phenomena on previously inaccessible length scales.
Carbide-derived carbons for dense and tunable 3D graphene networks
Authors: de Tomas Carla , Suarez-Martinez Irene , Marks Nigel A.
Published: June 2018

The mechanical properties of carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) are computed using molecular dynamics simulations, spanning the experimental density range and synthesis temperatures. The structures consist of nanoporous networks with continuous graphene walls enclosing the pores. Calculation of elastic constants and simulation of tensile strain reveal a direct relationship between the microstructure and elasticity, with the density and temperature inducing significant changes in the pore topology and medium-range order. CDCs have a high elastic moduli and high ultimate tensile strengths while showing resistance to brittle fracture. This suggests that CDCs are a promising route to achieve dense 3D graphene networks with tunable mechanical properties.
Four wave mixing in 3C SiC ring resonators
Authors: Martini Francesco , Politi Alberto
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate frequency conversion by four wave mixing at telecommunication wavelengths using an integrated platform in 3C SiC. The process was enhanced by high-Q and small modal volume ring resonators, allowing the use of mW-level continuous wave powers to pump the nonlinear optical process. From this measurement, we retrieved the nonlinear refractive index of 3C SiC as n2=(5.31±0.04)×10−19m2/W.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of anthracene and fluoranthene radical anions
Authors: Kregel Steven J. , Thurston Glen K. , Garand Etienne
Published: June 2018

We report the slow electron velocity map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled anthracene and fluoranthene radical anions, two similarly sized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. The results allow us to examine the lowest energy singlet and triplet states in the neutral molecules on equal footing from the anionic ground state. The analysis of the experimental spectra is aided by harmonic calculations and Franck-Condon simulations, which generally show good agreement with experimental values and spectra. The electron affinity of fluoranthene is measured to be 0.757(2) eV, which is larger than that of anthracene at 0.532(3) eV. The lowest energy triplet state in anthracene is observed at 1.872(3) eV above the singlet ground state, while that of fluoranthene is observed at 2.321(2) eV above its singlet ground state. Comparisons of experimental and calculated spectra show that in addition to the Franck-Condon active modes, there is a clear presence of vibrational modes that gain intensity via vibronic coupling in both the singlet and triplet states in both molecules. In addition, the triplet state generally exhibits increased vibronic coupling compared to the singlet state, with the fluoranthene triplet state exhibiting evidence of distortion from C2v symmetry.
p-type transparent conductivity in high temperature superconducting Bi-2212 thin films
Authors: Wei Renhuai , Zhang Li , Hu Ling , Tang Xianwu , Yang Jie , Dai Jianming , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: June 2018

In this study, hole-type high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) with strong electronic correlation is proposed as a p-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO) candidate. Phase-pure and c-axis oriented Bi-2212 thin films with different thicknesses were prepared to investigate the optoelectronic properties. High room-temperature conductivity between 1064 and 200 S/cm with visible transmittance over 50% is obtained for the prepared Bi-2212 thin films. The results will provide an arena to search for p-type TCOs in high-temperature superconductors with strong electronic correlation and give a potential application in the field of transparent metallic contacts as well as transparent correlated metal/n-type semiconductor Schottky diodes.
Unentangled measurements and frame functions
Authors: Lebl Jiří , Shakeel Asif , Wallach Nolan
Published: June 2018

Gleason’s theorem asserts the equivalence of von Neumann’s density operator formalism of quantum mechanics and frame functions, which are functions on the pure states that sum to 1 on any orthonormal basis of Hilbert space of dimension at least 3. The unentangled frame functions are initially only defined on unentangled (that is, product) states in a multi-partite system. The third author’s unentangled Gleason’s theorem shows that unentangled frame functions determine unique density operators if and only if each subsystem is at least 3-dimensional. In this paper, we determine the structure of unentangled frame functions in general. We first classify them for multi-qubit systems and then extend the results to factors of varying dimensions including countably infinite dimensions (separable Hilbert spaces). A remarkable combinatorial structure emerges, suggesting possible fundamental interpretations.
New screen on the block: non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Filoche Sara , Lawton Beverley , Beard Angela , Dowell Anthony , Stone Peter
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a new screen for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. It is a screening test based on technology that involves the analysis of feto-placental DNA that is present in maternal blood. This DNA is then analysed for abnormalities of specific chromosomes (eg 13, 18, 21, X, Y). NIPT has a much higher screening capability for chromosomal abnormalities than current combined first trimester screening, with ~99% sensitivity for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and at least a 10-fold higher positive predictive value. The low false-positive rate (1–3%) is one of the most advertised advantages of NIPT. In practice, this could lead to a significant reduction in the number of false-positive tests and the need for invasive diagnostic procedures. NIPT is now suitable for singleton and twin pregnancies and can be performed from ~10 weeks in a pregnancy. NIPT is not currently publicly funded in most countries. However, the increasing availability of NIPT commercially will likely lead to an increase in demand for this as a screening option. Given the high numbers of women who visit a general practitioner (GP) in their first trimester, GPs are well-placed to also offer NIPT as a screening option. A GP’s role in facilitating access to this service will likely be crucial in ensuring equity in access to this technology, and it is important to ensure that they are well supported to do so.
Beyond the four walls: an exploratory survey of location, employment and roles of pharmacists in primary health care
Authors: Campbell Chloë , Braund Rhiannon , Morris Caroline
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Recognition of the need to reduce harm and optimise patient outcomes from the use of medicines is contributing to an evolution of pharmacy practice in primary health care internationally. This evolution is changing community pharmacy and leading to new models of care that enable pharmacist contribution beyond traditional realms. There is little information about the extent of these changes in New Zealand. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate emerging roles of pharmacists in primary health care. METHODS A 10-question electronic survey was used to collect quantitative data about location, employment and roles of pharmacists practising in primary health care. RESULTS There were 467 survey responses. Although most pharmacists are employed by (78%, n = 357/458) and located in (84%, n = 393/467) community pharmacies, small numbers are dispersed widely across the primary health care sector. Of the 7% (n = 31/467) working in general practices, most are employed by Primary Health Organisations or District Health Boards. Limited cognitive pharmacy service provision is evident in the sector overall, but is much greater for pharmacists spending time located within general practices. DISCUSSION The large proportion of pharmacists practising in community pharmacies emphasises the importance of the Community Pharmacy Services Agreement in facilitating increased cognitive pharmacy service provision to optimise patient outcomes. The small numbers of pharmacists located elsewhere in the primary health care sector suggest there is scope to improve collaboration and integration in these areas. Flexible funding models that promote innovation and support sustainable practice change are key.
Navigating payer heterogeneity in the United States: lessons for primary care
Authors: Liaw Winston , McCorry Daniel , Bazemore Andrew
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
With most providers accepting private and public funding, the US exemplifies hybridization, which results in both systemic benefits and harms. While this practice stimulates innovation, encourages practices to be efficient, and increases choice, it has also been linked to gaps in patient safety and overtreatment. We propose three lessons from the US for navigating a public and private system: hybridization allows for innovation; hybridization leads to administrative complexity; and if the costs of participation outweigh the benefits, practices may undergo dehybridization.
Factors influencing women’s decisions about having the pertussis-containing vaccine during pregnancy
Authors: Hill Linda , Burrell Beverley , Walls Tony
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION New Zealand experienced a major epidemic of pertussis from September 2011 to January 2014. In response to this epidemic, a pertussis-containing tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine was funded for pregnant women of 28–38 weeks’ gestation. AIM To investigate the factors influencing women’s decisions regarding having the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective, self-reported postal survey of early postpartum women in Canterbury that assessed participant knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and influencing factors about the Tdap vaccine was conducted from June to October 2013. RESULTS Of the 1883 surveys distributed, 596 women completed the survey. The main factors influencing women’s decisions to accept the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy were: the desire to protect their baby, a health professional’s recommendation, the threat of pertussis in the community and the fact that the vaccine was administered at no cost. Conversely, for women who did not receive the Tdap vaccine, the main factors that influenced their decisions were: they did not know the vaccine was available, fear of side-effects and doubt regarding vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSION A clear health professional recommendation for maternal Tdap immunisation was a significant factor influencing pregnant women and would most likely improve the uptake of the vaccine.
Improved prospects for food allergy prevention
Authors: Ameratunga Rohan
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Three recent publications from Professor Gideon Lack have fundamentally changed our understanding of how to prevent food allergy. His team has shown that early introduction of allergenic foods may prevent food allergy in most but not all high-risk children. Various allergy and paediatric societies around the world are changing their recommendations based on these three studies. It appears there is a window of opportunity to safely introduce allergenic foods to high-risk children. This has resource implications, as some of these children will need testing and food challenges.
Effect of multimorbidity on health service utilisation and health care experiences
Authors: Millar Elinor , Stanley James , Gurney Jason , Stairmand Jeannine , Davies Cheryl , Semper Kelly , Dowell Anthony , Lawrenson Ross , Mangin Dee , Sarfati Diana
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Multimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more long-term conditions, is associated with poor quality of life, high health care costs and contributes to ethnic health inequality in New Zealand (NZ). Health care delivery remains largely focused on management of single diseases, creating major challenges for patients and clinicians. AIM To understand the experiences of people with multimorbidity in the NZ health care system. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 758 people with multimorbidity from two primary health care organisations (PHOs). Outcomes were compared to general population estimates from the NZ Health Survey. RESULTS Participants (n = 234, 31% response rate) reported that their general practitioners (GPs) respected their opinions, involved them in decision-making and knew their medical history well. The main barriers to effective care were short GP appointments, availability and affordability of primary and secondary health care, and poor communication between clinicians. Access issues were higher than for the general population. DISCUSSION Participants generally had very positive opinions of primary care and their GP, but encountered structural issues with the health system that created barriers to effective care. These results support the value of ongoing changes to primary care models, with a focus on patient-centred care to address access and care coordination.
La notion de fonction en traductologie européenne contemporaine – différentes conceptions
Authors: Raková Zuzana
Published: June 2018

La conception de « fonction » en traductologie est loin de faire unanimité. Le terme est utilisé par plusieurs chercheurs et plusieurs écoles traductologiques, sans avoir toujours la même valeur. Nous proposons d’examiner l’évolution du concept de « fonction » à travers deux grandes théories traductologiques contemporaines (théorie du skopos, théorie du polysystème), en mentionnant certaines sources épistémologiques communes à ces écoles. Parmi les sources communes, nous mentionnons le structuralisme tchécoslovaque du Cercle linguistique de Prague de l’entre-deux-guerres, dont l’apport est décisif dans l’approche descriptive et fonctionnaliste des traductologues tchécoslovaques, Jiří Levý ou Anton Popovič, dans les années soixante et soixante-dix. Du point de vue méthodologique, notre article s’inscrit dans une métathéorie de la traduction et en même temps peut être considéré comme une contribution à la genèse et l’historiographie des théories traductologiques.
Language rights in the United States island territory of Guam
Authors: Faingold Eduardo D.
Published: June 2018

This article examines the language legislation of the United States territory of Guam as stated in theOrganic Act of Guam(1950) and its legal statutes. The article seeks to offer suggestions about how the quality of this language legislation might be improved. As in a few states in the United States (i.e., Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico), Guam established linguistic laws with provisions that protect the language rights of Chamorro speakers, the native population of Guam, especially in the areas of education and language standardization. In spite of the impressive array of language laws enacted by Guam’s legislature to teach Chamorro language and culture in the schools for more than half a century, the use of English is increasing, while that of Chamorro continues to shrink in Guam, which may be due to a lack of buy-in by the indigenous Chamorro population with respect to the importance of expanding the use of this language for the purpose of maintaining a modern-day Chamorro identity.
Language as a soft power resource
Authors: Pashayeva Gulshan
Published: June 2018

The term soft power, developed by Joseph Nye, is a widely popular concept used to describe efforts to attract rather than coerce as means of persuasion. Language, which is widely viewed as a traditional (not to say extremely important) component of nationhood and a symbol of identity and group consciousness, can be used as an expression of soft power resources within this context. It is apparent that in today’s globalized world, the role of international languages as global means of communication has increased considerably. At the same time, English has become the de facto lingua franca in international trade, academia, technology and many other fields. Against this background, this article examines the impact of language as a soft power resource in the case of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which is a multi-ethnic state located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Due to its geographic location, the constant migrations of people who have passed through its territory throughout the centuries, and it has long been a zone of active interaction of languages, cultures and civilizations.
Neither Pistols nor Sugar-Plumbs: The Rhetoric of Finance and the 1720 Bubbles
Authors: Herring William Rodney
Published: June 2018

The first two decades of the eighteenth century saw the rapid growth of financial markets in Paris and London, growth due in large part to the appeal of newly available financial instruments. This essay examines that appeal in rhetorical terms and argues for the importance of conceiving finance rhetorically.
A descriptive marker gene approach to single-cell pseudotime inference
Authors: Campbell Kieran R , Yau Christopher
Published: June 2018

Motivation

Pseudotime estimation from single-cell gene expression data allows the recovery of temporal information from otherwise static profiles of individual cells. Conventional pseudotime inference methods emphasize an unsupervised transcriptome-wide approach and use retrospective analysis to evaluate the behaviour of individual genes. However, the resulting trajectories can only be understood in terms of abstract geometric structures and not in terms of interpretable models of gene behaviour.

Results

Here we introduce an orthogonal Bayesian approach termed ‘Ouija’ that learns pseudotimes from a small set of marker genes that might ordinarily be used to retrospectively confirm the accuracy of unsupervised pseudotime algorithms. Crucially, we model these genes in terms of switch-like or transient behaviour along the trajectory, allowing us to understand why the pseudotimes have been inferred and learn informative parameters about the behaviour of each gene. Since each gene is associated with a switch or peak time the genes are effectively ordered along with the cells, allowing each part of the trajectory to be understood in terms of the behaviour of certain genes. We demonstrate that this small panel of marker genes can recover pseudotimes that are consistent with those obtained using the entire transcriptome. Furthermore, we show that our method can detect differences in the regulation timings between two genes and identify ‘metastable’ states—discrete cell types along the continuous trajectories—that recapitulate known cell types.

Availability and implementation

An open source implementation is available as an R package at http://www.github.com/kieranrcampbell/ouija and as a Python/TensorFlow package at http://www.github.com/kieranrcampbell/ouijaflow.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A heuristic model of socially learned migration behaviour exhibits distinctive spatial and reproductive dynamics
Authors: MacCall Alec D , Francis Tessa B , Punt André E , Siple Margaret C , Armitage Derek R , Cleary Jaclyn S , Dressel Sherri C , Jones R Russ , Kitka Harvey , Lee Lynn C , Levin Phillip S , McIsaac Jim , Okamoto Daniel K , Poe Melissa , Reifenstuhl Steve , Schmidt Jörn O , Shelton Andrew O , Silver Jennifer J , Thornton Thomas F , Voss Rudi , Woodruff John
Published: June 2018

We explore a “Go With the Older Fish” (GWOF) mechanism of learned migration behaviour for exploited fish populations, where recruits learn a viable migration path by randomly joining a school of older fish. We develop a non-age-structured biomass model of spatially independent spawning sites with local density dependence, based on Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). We compare a diffusion (DIFF) strategy, where recruits adopt spawning sites near their natal site without regard to older fish, with GWOF, where recruits adopt the same spawning sites, but in proportion to the abundance of adults using those sites. In both models, older individuals return to their previous spawning site. The GWOF model leads to higher spatial variance in biomass. As total mortality increases, the DIFF strategy results in an approximately proportional decrease in biomass among spawning sites, whereas the GWOF strategy results in abandonment of less productive sites and maintenance of high biomass at more productive sites. A DIFF strategy leads to dynamics comparable to non-spatially structured populations. While the aggregate response of the GWOF strategy is distorted, non-stationary and slow to equilibrate, with a production curve that is distinctly flattened and relatively unproductive. These results indicate that fishing will disproportionately affect populations with GWOF behaviour.
Elevated lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 products predict progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Zeng Lixia , Byun Jaeman , Wernisch Stefanie , Deo Rajat , Chen Jing , Hamm Lee , Miller Edgar R , Rhee Eugene P , Fischer Michael J , Sharma Kumar , Feldman Harold I , Michailidis George , Pennathur Subramaniam ,   the CRIC Study Investigators, Appel Lawrence J , Go Alan S , He Jiang , Kusek John W , Lash James P , Rao Panduranga S , Rahman Mahboob , Townsend Raymond R
Published: June 2018

Background

The clinical relevance of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is poorly understood. We aimed to compare the concentrations of 85 enzymatic pathway products of AA metabolism in patients with CKD who progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) versus patients who did not in a subcohort of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and to estimate the risk of CKD progression and major cardiovascular events by levels of AA metabolites and their link to enzymatic metabolic pathways.

Methods

A total 123 patients in the CRIC study who progressed to ESKD were frequency matched with 177 nonprogressors and serum eicosanoids were quantified by mass spectrometry. We applied serum collected at patients’ Year 1 visit and outcome of progression to ESKD was ascertained over the next 10 years. We used logistic regression models for risk estimation.

Results

Baseline 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (HETE) and 20-HETE levels were significantly elevated in progressors (false discovery rate Q ≤ 0.026). The median 20-HETE level was 7.6 pmol/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–14.5] in progressors and 5.4 pmol/mL (IQR 2.8–9.4) in nonprogressors (P < 0.001). In an adjusted model, only 20-HETE independently predicted CKD progression. Each 1 standard deviation increase in 20-HETE was independently associated with 1.45-fold higher odds of progression (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.95; P = 0.017). Principal components of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways were independently associated with CKD progression.

Conclusions

We found higher odds of CKD progression associated with higher 20-HETE, LOX and CYP450 metabolic pathways. These alterations precede CKD progression and may serve as targets for interventions aimed at halting progression.
Rationally Agential Pleasure? A Kantian Proposal
Authors: Gorodeisky Keren
Published: June 2018

This chapter argues that, on Kant’s account, aesthetic pleasure is an exercise of rational agency insofar as, when proper, (1) it involves consciousness of its ground (the reasons for having it) and thus of itself as properly responsive to its object, and (2) actually feeling this pleasure involves its endorsement as an attitude to have. I claim that seeing this clearly requires that we divest ourselves of the following dilemma: either pleasures are the noncognitive, passive ways through which we are affected by objects or they are cognitive states by virtue of the theoretical beliefs or practical desires they involve. On my reading of Kant, this dilemma is false. Aesthetic pleasure is neither passive, nor theoretically or practically cognitive, and yet, it is an exercise of rational agency by virtue of belonging to a domain of rationality that is largely overlooked in the history of philosophy: aesthetic rationality.
Improvement-directed versus Status Quo-directed Human Service Organizations
Authors: Hemmelgarn Anthony L. , Glisson Charles
Published: June 2018

This chapter explains that members of improvement-directed organizations are never satisfied with the status quo and never stop looking for more effective ways to serve their clients. The principle addresses the conflicting priority represented by individuals in formal organizations resisting change and clinging to established protocols, regardless of whether the existing protocols promote improvements in the well-being of clients. The chapter describes improvement-directed organizations, including their application of continuous improvement processes, norms that support ongoing improvement, and behaviors that drive innovation and ongoing growth and development. The chapter presents research evidence and case studies to illustrate how systems and processes, decisions, actions, and behaviors, as well as assumptions and beliefs, need to be addressed to create improvement-directed organizations. Specific case examples illustrate ARC’s application to build improvement-directed organizations.
Dialogue
Authors: Cooper David E. , Robinson-Bertoni Sarah E.
Published: June 2018

This chapter brings Daoism into conversation with Islam on the topics of animals, gardens, and stewardship. Despite major differences—Islam is theistic and Daoism is not; Islam defines specific moral rules and Daoism less so—the two share areas of affinity in a number of themes relating to the environment: that the world manifests balance or harmony, and humans have an obligation to maintain or restore that harmony, especially in treatment of animals. The chapter lights on a revised concept of stewardship as a useful, helpfully paradoxical concept: it effectively places human beings both within the living world of nature and in a role of “special responsibility” for other-than-human lives and living systems.
Introduction
Authors: Brudholm Thomas , Johansen Birgitte Schepelern
Published: June 2018

The chapter introduces the background, aims, and content of the book: To critically explore the basic assumptions, ideals and agendas behind current attempts to fight hate in liberal democracies. It first positions the book in relation to the field hate studies and presents the core themes under investigation. Following, the authors present and contextualize the individual chapters of the book. The presentation follows the division of the book in four parts: Historical perspectives, conceptual issues (discussing mainly concepts of hate), societal responses (criminalization, restorative justice, toleration, art), and the limits and possible blind spots of current concerns with hate. The chapter closes with attention to some of the critical points that can be made on the basis of the volume as a whole.
Hate and the State in Ancient Greece
Authors: Konstan David
Published: June 2018

In classical antiquity, thinkers like Aristotle regarded hatred, unlike envy, as a moral emotion, elicited by the perception of vice. Nevertheless, hatred might be taken to irrational extremes (there are occasional expressions of hatred of all women, for example), and antagonisms between ethnic groups (as in Sparta or Alexandria) or social classes (in many Greek city states) could lead to open conflict or civil war. Classical states had few resources to inhibit or control such hatreds. One significant development in this direction, however, was the amnesty decreed in Athens to heal the wounds of the civil strife that broke out after Athens’ defeat in the Peloponnesian War.
Seeing and Saying
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: June 2018

We often communicate with each other about how the things we see visually appear to us when we want to achieve a goal like finding the perfect end table, deciding what to eat or issuing a warning. But what do we say when we talk about how things visually appear to us? Can our talk about appearances tell us anything about the nature of visual perception? In this book, the author delves into these questions, defending the view that in spite of all its imprecision, the language used to report on how things look provides important insight into the nature of visual perception. In chapters that explore the semantics of ‘appear’ words and the nature of the mental states they are used to express, she argues that considerations of how we talk and think about our experiences can help us establish that our visual experiences are akin to mental states, such as belief and desire, in being relations to contents, or propositions, that represent things and features in the perceiver’s environment. Along the way, she argues against alternative theories of what our talk about looks can tell us, including those of Chisholm, Jackson, Byrne, Johnston, Martin, Brewer, Travis, Siegel, Schellenberg, and Glüer. Finally, she examines how our talk about visual experience compares to our talk about how things sound, smell, taste and feel. This book is thus an extended defense of the view that experience in creatures like us is representational.
The Kapellmeister Network and the Performance of CommunityHummel, Moscheles, and Mendelssohn
Authors: Gooley Dana
Published: June 2018

Chapter 2 concerns the free fantasy and its relationship to the public concert life that emerged after 1815. Its main protagonists are Johann Nepomuk Hummel, the undisputed master of improvised free fantasia in this period, and his rival Ignaz Moscheles. Hummel’s free fantasias were admired for hybridizing the learned style of the kapellmeisters with the popular style associated with modern virtuosi, modeling a solution to one of the period’s major problems: the gap between experts and laypersons. In private circumstances Hummel improvised in a different way addressed to the values of connoisseurs alone, and some critics objected to his more “popular” public fantasies on given themes. Moscheles’s approach to free fantasies accented the hedonistic values of the genre, and in his reception we find the first stirrings of the improvisation imaginary. This chapter considers how improvisation served as a performance of authority and learnedness rooted in the kapellmeister network, a network that includes Mendelssohn, the little-known Carl Maria von Bocklet, and Hummel’s most celebrated student, Ferdinand Hiller.
Satiric TV in the Americas
Authors: Alonso Paul
Published: June 2018

In the post-truth era, postmodern satiric media have emerged as prominent critical voices playing an unprecedented role at the heart of public debate, filling the gaps left not only by traditional media but also by weak social institutions and discredited political elites. Satiric TV in the Americas analyzes some of the most representative and influential satiric TV shows on the continent (focusing on cases in Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Chile, and the United States) in order to understand their critical role in challenging the status quo, traditional journalism, and the prevalent local media culture. It illuminates the phenomenon of satire as resistance and negotiation in public discourse, the role of entertainment media as a site where sociopolitical tensions are played out, and the changing notions of journalism in today’s democratic societies. Introducing the notion of “critical metatainment”—a postmodern, carnivalesque result of and a transgressive, self-referential reaction to the process of tabloidization and the cult of celebrity in the media spectacle era—Satiric TV in the Americas is the first book to map, contextualize, and analyze relevant cases to understand the relation between political information, social and cultural dissent, critical humor, and entertainment in the region. Evaluating contemporary satiric media as distinctively postmodern, multilayered, and complex discursive objects that emerge from the collapse of modernity and its arbitrary dichotomies, Satiric TV in the Americas also shows that, as satiric formats travel to a particular national context, they are appropriated in different ways and adapted to local circumstances, thus having distinctive implications.
Jaime Bayly’s El Francotirador
Authors: Alonso Paul
Published: June 2018

In 2009, Jaime Bayly, one of the most influential TV journalists of the country, announced that he wanted to be the first bisexual, impotent, and agnostic president of Peru. He launched an atypical and unofficial electoral campaign, fueled by his irreverent and popular TV show El Francotirador (The Sniper). Bayly’s yearlong virtual campaign increasingly gained importance and local and international media coverage, but he ultimately dropped out of the race a few months before the election. This chapter analyzes how Bayly constructed his ambiguous and contradictory media persona during his 30-year media career and how he capitalized on its political appeal in his electoral run while revealing social tensions in contemporary Peru, a deeply divided society with fragile social institutions, precarious democracy, and a discredited political class. This chapter also illuminates how massive media spectacle became a contested arena to negotiate political power both during and since President Fujimori’s authoritarian regime (1990–2000).
The “Apolitical” Opportunist
Authors: Ansari Emily Abrams
Published: June 2018

This chapter examines composer and music critic Virgil Thomson, a man who liked to present himself as apolitical but who had close ties to the federal government and the secretly CIA-funded Congress for Cultural Freedom. Thomson embraced the opportunities that the Cold War created. But unlike William Schuman and Howard Hanson, Thomson showed little interest in the politics motivating such programs. He willingly embraced and advanced the new interpretation of American exceptionalism, although he was not personally invested in it, because it created opportunities to gain greater status for American composers. Thomson’s various Cold War activities help us gain a fuller understanding of centrist American liberalism as it shaped musical life during the Cold War.
Conclusion
Authors: Ansari Emily Abrams
Published: June 2018

The conclusion begins with a consideration of the ways in which Aaron Copland’s sound has become associated with American exceptionalism in its different twenty-first-century articulations. It argues that the Cold War rebranding of Americanist music described in this book, achieved with the willing participation of Copland and many of his colleagues, made this realignment of the meaning of Copland’s music possible. It explains that the Americanists did indeed experience serialism as “tyrannous” during the 1950s, the result of music-stylistic choices becoming politicized and binarized at a time when so many choices were silently interpreted as an ideological “either/or.” In closing, the conclusion considers the larger issues surrounding musical nationalism, culture, politics, and power that the Americanists’ story raises.
Three Theses for a Catholic Vision of Economic Life
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter introduces three theses that guide the subsequent chapters’ history of Catholic social teaching on the economy. The first is that the church needs a “theology of interruption” to respond adequately to the condition of postmodernity. The church must neither reject the world nor fully embrace it but, rather, live out the distinctive Christian narrative in the world while remaining open to God’s presence in the Other. The second thesis is that running through the church’s social teaching is an organicist communitarianism that sees local communities and associations as a central part of social and economic life. The third thesis is that critical realism and institutional economics are two perspectives from the social sciences that can help the Catholic social tradition understand how local practices are connected to broader social structures and institutions.
A Short Story of Enrichment
Authors: Schimpfössl Elisabeth
Published: June 2018

The opening chapter explores the paradox of a Russian bourgeoisie emerging out of the Soviet elite. It deals with the ways in which these individuals navigated the years of post-Soviet social transformation. Many of the characters in this book were born into socially privileged, highly educated, nonmoneyed Soviet elite. Some used their science vocations and leadership positions in the Komsomol to launch their business careers, exploiting their insider status to gain access to the corridors of power and to foreign-currency bank accounts. While it did help in the climate of the 1990s to be aggressive, wily, and not overly principled, it was more important to have privileged social origins. The new rich used the social assets they had to hand, were quick to recognize which parts of their expertise and skill sets were of no further value in the turmoil, and realigned their resources accordingly.
Family History
Authors: Schimpfössl Elisabeth
Published: June 2018

Chapter 4 reviews how today’s Russian bourgeoisie traces its origins and character traits with reference to family history. The Soviet government pursued a policy of positive discrimination in favor of working-class and peasant families in order to form a new Soviet intelligentsia and, on the other hand, discriminated against former privileged groups from the aristocracy, merchant class, and clergy. Many individuals from these politically repressed families survived thanks to marriage into the new ruling elite and were able to transmit to their offspring certain practices and important cultural resources, such as an eagerness to learn. Stalin’s purges were disastrous for the reconstituted Soviet intelligentsia and meant that robust family bonds were vital for protection in the postwar period. During these decades the Soviet intelligentsia coalesced to form what Norbert Elias described as the good society, which continues to provide a model for bourgeois practices and values today.
Rich Russians’ Philanthropy
Authors: Schimpfössl Elisabeth
Published: June 2018

Chapter 5 describes the networks of philanthropy that upper-class Russians have cultivated since the early 2000s in order to legitimize their wealth. It reports on the importance rich Russians attribute to the revival of Russia’s nineteenth-century tradition of elite philanthropy; the Orthodox church’s taboo against discussing one’s giving; and the preference for supporting healthy, deserving children. It also describes projects that provide educational opportunities, care for the sick, and those that strengthen Russian art and the intelligentsia. Finally, it identifies how philanthropy is being used as a lever to reshape civil society, restore trust in the social hierarchy, and fashion a new generation of supposedly deserving bourgeoisie. Overall, it suggests that bourgeois philanthropists have constructed complex ideas about their lives, their influence in the present, and their posthumous legacy.
A Man’s World
Authors: Schimpfössl Elisabeth
Published: June 2018

Chapter 6 looks at gender issues among upper-class Russians. Business and politics in Russia are almost exclusively a man’s world. Rich men’s wives have moved on from running beauty salons toward engaging in creative activities or taking over complementary tasks such as charity projects, which is an ideal means to legitimize their membership of the upper class in conformity within rigid patriarchal norms. Rich men with an interest in art patronage have been able to bypass the boredom they associated with doing business, and some have even delegated their business matters to their wives in order to devote all of their time to the arts. This has resulted in a curious feminization of business. A subsection of this chapter deals with gay identities. The omnipresent and increasing homophobia in the country, seems to be less problematic for homosexuals in the upper class, where money and status provide them with the confidence, power, and leeway to lead their lifestyles as they wish.
The Uncanny Friend
Authors: Schmidt, Jr Ronald J.
Published: June 2018

What does this chapter have to offer our particular moment? The chapter takes Wendy Brown’s argument as the starting point, that neoliberal logic, by substituting market logic for any other normative or political position, has created a crisis in the democratic imagination, as well as in institutional politics. Beyond that, the chapter argue, the weakening of democratic ideas and norms has provided an opportunity for a politics of racism and authoritarian fantasy. At that moment, Machiavelli’s peculiarly anachronistic reading style can bring fresh democratic resources to our approach to it follows Louis Althusser in calling Machiavelli “uncanny,” why it argues one can read him as an uncanny friend, and then turns to the challenges suggested by Brown.
We Can Breathe Together
Authors: Schmidt, Jr Ronald J.
Published: June 2018

The longest chapter in The Discourses, and longer than any chapter in The Prince, is about conspiracies. Machiavelli was tortured and exiled because he was falsely accused of planning a conspiracy against the Medici, and he is very careful about how he addresses the issue, but there is a remarkably democratic vision embedded in his argument. The chapter begins by borrowing a question from the contemporary political theorist, Bonnie Honig: Why don’t we think of conspiratorial politics as democratic? What do we lose by only focusing on “open,” agonistic democracy? Although he argues that conspiracies should be avoided, Machiavelli describes a transformative political path that is ultimately democratic, because the power to make war on a prince is limited to very few, but “the power to conspire against him is granted to everybody.” This hidden democratic potential is one surprise that we find by reading politics with Machiavelli.