bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possession of Predisposition for the Safety of Business Management in Sports // Posjedovanje predispozicija za uspješnost obavljanja menadžerskih poslova u sportu
Authors: Mikić Branimir , Banda Izet , Vuletić Božo , Bojić Asim , Bojić Semir
Published: September 2018

The aim of this research is to determine the possession of predisposition for the success of doing business management in the sport. The study was conducted on a sample of 120 managers of sports clubs in Tuzla Canton and Brcko District. A sample of 20 variables is drawn from the survey “Do you have the potential to be a manager?”. Survey results showed that 31 respondents possess many skills and abilities that are required for a successful manager, 63 respondents have some of the skills and abilities to successfully manage, and 26 respondents do not possess adequate skills and the ability to successfully manage others.It is obvious that respondents who want to be successful managers need to pay attention to the managerial skills and techniques in which they feel the weakest.It is logical that different levels of management require different levels of given skills and knowledge. At lower levels of management the need for a higher level of technical knowledge is pronounced. The fact is that –top managers, in contrast to managers at lower levels of the organization, must have a high ability of conceptual thinking based on a high degree of creation and imagination. These are the qualities and skills that cannot be acquired through the educational process.
Pilates in Sport Dance Training // Pilates u treningu plesača sportskog plesa
Authors: Ljubojević Adriana , Gerdijan Nikolina , Šebić Lejla , Karalić Tamara
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to point out the many advantages of using the Pilates method of exercise in comprehensive preparations of dancers. Using Pilates as a training model in sport dance, largely ensures easier movement performance technique, more effective dance couple movement, provides better dance expression, prevents injuries and ensures the longevity of a dancer’s career. Introducing dancers to intellectual and kinesthetic relations between dance and Pilates also promotes the achievement of goals such as the increased body awareness, improved musculoskeletal integration, and in general, provide better health for dancers. Diversity of various Pilates instruments does not make exercise monotonous and allows for a progressive effect on mobility and stability of all dance performances.
Book review of: Diversity and Morality: Crossing Borders with Engineering Approach by Yuichi Tei / Ung- il Chung M.D, Shunji Mitsuyoshi
Authors: Savoiu Gheorghe
Published: September 2018

Book review of: Diversity and Morality: Crossing Borders with Engineering Approach by Yuichi Tei / Ung- il Chung M.D. PhD, in collaboration with ShunjiMitsuyoshi PhD. Book Lab., Tokyo. 2017. 192 pp. ISBN: 979-11-5987-771-11
Stripe pattern variation in the coat of the Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus)
Authors: Sleightholme Stephen R. , Campbell Cameron R.
Published: September 2018

As with human fingerprints, the stripe pattern of the Thylacine ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ) is unique to each individual, with a marked degree of variation and asymmetry. This paper examines the stripe pattern variation in 141 of the 180 known Thylacine skin and taxidermy specimens listed in the sixth revision of the International Thylacine Specimen Database (2017).
Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the ZrO2–TiO2–MgO System
Authors: Saenko Ivan , Tsukrenko Viktoria , Ilatovskaia Mariia , Pavlyuchkov Dmytro , Savinykh Galina , Fabrichnaya Olga
Published: September 2018

Phase equilibria in the ZrO2–TiO2–MgO system are studied experimentally using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy combined with dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Based on the obtained experimental data, isothermal sections of the ZrO2–TiO2–MgO system at temperatures 1530, 1680, and 1880 K are established. Wide extension of stability of Zr1‐xMgxO2‐x phase with fluorite structure (C ZrO2) into ternary system is revealed. Very limited solubility of MgO is found in β‐(ZrxTi1‐x)2O4 and tetragonal (Zr1‐xTix)O2 phase (T ZrO2), while more substantial solubility of ZrO2 is found in the intermediate compounds of the TiO2–MgO system (Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3, and MgTi2O5). Low temperature ternary compound similar to δ‐phase Y4Zr3O12 is revealed at 1530 K. Differential thermal analysis indicated that this δ‐phase is stable up to 1664 K. Temperatures and compositions of three eutectic reactions are experimentally measured by DTA and ex situ analysis of the sample microstructures after melting using SEM/EDX.
Cooperative Multifunctional Self‐Propelled Paramagnetic Microrobots with Chemical Handles for Cell Manipulation and Drug Delivery
Authors: Villa Katherine , Krejčová Ludmila , Novotný Filip , Heger Zbynek , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2018

Autonomous self‐propelled micromachines, taking energy from surrounding environment and converting it to their motion, are on the forefront of the research for smart materials in the recent years. Owing to their self‐propulsion mechanism, they have demonstrated to be more efficient drug carriers than passive particles. Here, multifunctional superparamagnetic/catalytic microrobots (PM/Pt microrobots) for cell manipulation, anticancer drug loading, and delivery to breast cancer cells are presented. These PM/Pt microrobots are fabricated from superparamagnetic polymer particles with iron oxide in their interior and an external tosylated surface, which is half‐covered by a catalytic platinum (Pt) layer. This result in a triple‐functionality—tosyl group‐rich polymer layer can bind molecules and biological materials, Pt layer can catalyze decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, providing propulsion to the microrobots and magnetic part allows for manipulation by magnetic field. PM/Pt microrobots are able to move as individual robots and to “team‐up” under influence of weak magnetic field by forming chains of the micromachines to perform collective actions, such as capture and transportation of cancer cells. The efficacy of PM/Pt microrobots to perform several tasks without complex surface functionalization steps simplifies the applicability of such multifunctional devices toward diverse biomedical applications.
Industrial Grade, Bending‐Insensitive, Transparent Nanoforce Touch Sensor via Enhanced Percolation Effect in a Hierarchical Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Yoo Jae‐Young , Seo Min‐Ho , Lee Jae‐Shin , Choi Kwang‐Wook , Jo Min‐Seung , Yoon Jun‐Bo
Published: September 2018

Force touch sensors have received a great deal of attention for various applications owing to their versatile ability to detect touch and pressure. To demonstrate high‐performance force touch sensors, numerous studies have been performed, focusing on high sensitivity, transparency, and mechanical durability against bending. However, it is still challenging to apply force touch sensors in flexible applications, because their sensing performance is subject to change and degraded by induced mechanical stress and deformation when the device is bent. Here, a high‐performance and transparent nanoforce touch sensor with bending‐insensitivity is reported. This is achieved by developing a thin, flexible, and transparent hierarchical nanocomposite film, which is composed of a nanostructured plastic base, coplanar electrodes, and a dielectric polymer layer with silver nanoparticles. The fabrication process is simple that high manufacturing repeatability, uniformity, and reliability are achieved on a large‐area (8 in.) scale. The fabricated device shows a pressure sensitivity of 0.036 kPa−1 with high transparency (83%) in a pressure range up to 3 kPa. In particular, its thin thickness (45 µm) and the coplanar electrode enable to achieve excellent insensitivity to the bending with a radius of curvature of 4 mm more than 10 000 times.
The Role of Graphene and Other 2D Materials in Solar Photovoltaics
Authors: Das Sonali , Pandey Deepak , Thomas Jayan , Roy Tania
Published: September 2018

2D materials have attracted considerable attention due to their exciting optical and electronic properties, and demonstrate immense potential for next‐generation solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. With the scaling trends in photovoltaics moving toward thinner active materials, the atomically thin bodies and high flexibility of 2D materials make them the obvious choice for integration with future‐generation photovoltaic technology. Not only can graphene, with its high transparency and conductivity, be used as the electrodes in solar cells, but also its ambipolar electrical transport enables it to serve as both the anode and the cathode. 2D materials beyond graphene, such as transition‐metal dichalcogenides, are direct‐bandgap semiconductors at the monolayer level, and they can be used as the active layer in ultrathin flexible solar cells. However, since no 2D material has been featured in the roadmap of standard photovoltaic technologies, a proper synergy is still lacking between the recently growing 2D community and the conventional solar community. A comprehensive review on the current state‐of‐the‐art of 2D‐materials‐based solar photovoltaics is presented here so that the recent advances of 2D materials for solar cells can be employed for formulating the future roadmap of various photovoltaic technologies.
A Stretchable Yarn Embedded Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Electronic Skin for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Multifunctional Pressure Sensing
Authors: Dong Kai , Wu Zhiyi , Deng Jianan , Wang Aurelia C. , Zou Haiyang , Chen Chaoyu , Hu Dongmei , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2018

Flexible and stretchable physical sensors capable of both energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing are vital to the rapid advancements in wearable electronics. Even so, there exist few studies that can integrate energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing into a single electronic skin. Here, a stretchable and washable skin‐inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (SI‐TENG) is developed for both biomechanical energy harvesting and versatile pressure sensing. A planar and designable conductive yarn network constructed from a three‐ply‐twisted silver‐coated nylon yarn is embedded into flexible elastomer, endowing the SI‐TENG with desired stretchability, good sensitivity, high detection precision, fast responsivity, and excellent mechanical stability. With a maximum average power density of 230 mW m−2, the SI‐TENG is able to light up 170 light‐emitting diodes, charge various capacitors, and drive miniature electronic products. As a self‐powered multifunctional sensor, the SI‐TENG is adopted to monitor human physiological signals, such as arterial pulse and voice vibrations. Furthermore, an intelligent prosthetic hand, a self‐powered pedometer/speedometer, a flexible digital keyboard, and a proof‐of‐concept pressure‐sensor array with 8 × 8 sensing pixels are successively demonstrated to further confirm its versatile application prospects. Based on these merits, the developed SI‐TENG has promising applications in wearable powering technology, physiological monitoring, intelligent prostheses, and human–machine interfaces.
Thrombopoietin level predicts response to treatment with eltrombopag and romiplostim in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny , Kuter David J.
Published: September 2018

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) are used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but predicting clinical response to TPO‐RAs before initiation is not possible. To determine whether endogenous TPO levels predict treatment response to TPO‐RAs we performed a retrospective analysis of ITP patients with known baseline TPO levels who received TPO‐RAs. Data was collected for ITP patients with a baseline TPO level treated with eltrombopag or romiplostim. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the probability of 3 classes of treatment response (overall, moderate, and superior) based on TPO level; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify optimal TPO thresholds for response; correlations between TPO level and various response characteristics were analyzed. A total of 67 patients (37 receiving eltrombopag and 46 receiving romiplostim) were included. Logistic regression models demonstrated a significant predictive relation between TPO level and probability of all classes of response; per 10 pg/mL TPO increase, odds ratio for overall response to eltrombopag was 0.524 (95% CI 0.327, 0.837) and romiplostim was 0.905 (95% CI, 0.844, 0.970). TPO level was inversely correlated with all classes of response; for overall response, r = −0.719 (P < .001) for eltrombopag and r = −0.584 (P < .001) for romiplostim. ROC analysis identified TPO thresholds of ≤136 pg/mL (eltrombopag) and ≤209 pg/mL (romiplostim) as optimally discriminating between responders and nonresponders. Most non‐responders had high TPO levels but did respond after addition of low‐dose prednisone. In conclusion, TPO levels predict response to eltrombopag and romiplostim in ITP patients, with lower levels predicting improved probability and magnitude of response.
Low temperature decreases bone mass in mice: Implications for humans
Authors: Robbins Amy , Tom Christina A. T. M. B. , Cosman Miranda N. , Moursi Cleo , Shipp Lillian , Spencer Taylor M. , Brash Timothy , Devlin Maureen J.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Humans exhibit significant ecogeographic variation in bone size and shape. However, it is unclear how significantly environmental temperature influences cortical and trabecular bone, making it difficult to recognize adaptation versus acclimatization in past populations. There is some evidence that cold‐induced bone loss results from sympathetic nervous system activation and can be reduced by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) via uncoupling protein (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we test two hypotheses: (1) low temperature induces impaired cortical and trabecular bone acquisition and (2) UCP1, a marker of NST in BAT, increases in proportion to degree of low‐temperature exposure.

Methods

We housed wildtype C57BL/6J male mice in pairs at 26 °C (thermoneutrality), 22 °C (standard), and 20 °C (cool) from 3 weeks to 6 or 12 weeks of age with access to food and water ad libitum (N = 8/group).

Results

Cool housed mice ate more but had lower body fat at 20 °C versus 26 °C. Mice at 20 °C had markedly lower distal femur trabecular bone volume fraction, thickness, and connectivity density and lower midshaft femur cortical bone area fraction versus mice at 26 °C (p < .05 for all). UCP1 expression in BAT was inversely related to temperature.

Discussion

These results support the hypothesis that low temperature was detrimental to bone mass acquisition. Nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue increased in proportion to low‐temperature exposure but was insufficient to prevent bone loss. These data show that chronic exposure to low temperature impairs bone architecture, suggesting climate may contribute to phenotypic variation in humans and other hominins.
Population density and developmental stress in the Neolithic: A diachronic study of dental fluctuating asymmetry at Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100–5,950 BC)
Authors: Milella Marco , Betz Barbara J. , Knüsel Christopher J. , Larsen Clark Spencer , Dori Irene
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The transition from foraging to farming is usually associated with unprecedented population densities coupled with an increase in fertility and population growth. However, little is known about the biological effects of such demographic changes during the Neolithic. In the present work, we test the relationship between diachronic changes in population size, relative exposure to developmental stressors, and patterns of dental fluctuating asymmetry in the Neolithic population of Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100–5,950 cal BC).

Materials and Methods

We calculate fluctuating asymmetry of mesio‐distal and bucco‐lingual diameters of upper and lower permanent canines and first and second molars on a large (N = 259) sample representing adults of both sexes and various age classes.

Results

Results show only a moderate decrease of fluctuating asymmetry during the late phase of occupation of the site, possibly linked to a decrease in population density, and no differences in asymmetry between sexes.

Discussion

Though preliminary, our data reflect the presence of developmental stressors throughout the occupation of the site, albeit with a slight improvement in living conditions during the latest periods of occupation. At the same time, these data confirm the key role of diet as buffer against the detrimental effects of fluctuating demographic pressures on the biology of prehistoric human populations.
In‐situ‐Synthese von hochdichten RNA‐Mikroarrays mittels Photolithographie
Authors: Lietard Jory , Ameur Dominik , Damha Masad J. , Somoza Mark M.
Published: September 2018

Obwohl hochdichte DNA‐Mikroarrays bereits seit drei Jahrzehnten etabliert sind, stellte sich die Synthese des RNA‐Pendants bis jetzt als sehr schwierig dar. Im Folgenden beschreiben wir die erste In‐situ‐Synthese von hochdichten RNA‐Mikroarrays als Basengemisch, mithilfe von Photolithographie und lichtempfindlichen Phosphoramiditen. Mit einer Kopplungseffizienz, die mit der von DNA‐Monomeren vergleichbar ist, können nun RNA‐Oligonukleotide mit einer Mindestlänge von 30 Nukleotiden unter Verwendung von modifizierten Phosphoramiditen effizient hergestellt werden. Ein zweistufiges Protokoll ermöglicht die Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen des Phosphodiesters, der exozyklischen Amine und des 2′‐Hydroxyls. Qualität und Identität der oberflächengebundenen RNA werden durch Hybridisierung und enzymatische Assays verifiziert. Wir zeigen durch die Synthese einer komplexen RNA‐Bibliothek, die durch Permutation 262 144 einzigartige Sequenzen enthält, dass eine hohe Anzahl von Oligonukleotiden auf kleiner Fläche hochdicht synthetisiert werden kann. Wir stellen ebenso chimäre DNA/RNA‐Mikroarrays vor und erkunden mögliche Anwendungen durch Kartierung der Sequenzspezifität von RNase HII. In situ hergestellte RNA‐Mikroarrays können als leistungsstarke Plattformen für groß angelegte Struktur‐ und Funktionsstudien von Ribonukleinsäuren gesehen werden.
Computational Studies on Biosynthetic Carbocation Rearrangements Leading to Quiannulatene: Initial Conformation Regulates Biosynthetic Route, Stereochemistry, and Skeleton Type
Authors: Sato Hajime , Mitsuhashi Takaaki , Yamazaki Mami , Abe Ikuro , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: September 2018

The results of quantum chemical calculations on the mechanism of the carbocation cascade of reactions in the biosynthetic pathways leading to the pentacyclic sesterterpenes quiannulatene and sesterfisherol provide reasonable answers to several persistent mechanistic questions in sesterterpene biosynthesis, including: 1) the reaction pathways of the multicyclic ring system construction and skeletal rearrangements, 2) the mechanism of triquinane skeleton formation, which requires more complicated rearrangements than previously proposed, 3) the stereochemistry of the final carbocation intermediate, and 4) the determining factor of biosynthetic selection for either 5/6/4/6/5 or 5/6/5/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton formation. This in‐depth mechanistic study on sesterterpene biosynthesis revealed that the shape of the final product and the type of triquinane skeleton formed are regulated by the stereochemistry and conformation of the common starting material, geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP).
Zwitterionic Design Principle of Nickel(II) Catalysts for Carbonylative Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Dai Yiwei , He Shiyu , Peng Bangan , Crandall Laura A. , Schrage Briana R. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Jia Li
Published: September 2018

Zwitterionic structure is necessary for NiII complexes to catalyze carbonylative polymerization (COP) of cyclic ethers. The cationic charge at the NiII center imparts sufficient electrophilicity to the Ni–acyl bond for it to react with cyclic ethers to give an acyl‐cyclic ether oxonium intermediate, while the ligand‐centered anionic charge ensures that the resultant oxonium cation is ion‐paired with the Ni0 nucleophile. The current catalysts give non‐alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide and cyclic ethers and are the most effective when both ethylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran are present as the cyclic ether monomers.
High‐Density RNA Microarrays Synthesized In Situ by Photolithography
Authors: Lietard Jory , Ameur Dominik , Damha Masad J. , Somoza Mark M.
Published: September 2018

While high‐density DNA microarrays have been available for over three decades, the synthesis of equivalent RNA microarrays has proven intractable until now. Herein we describe the first in situ synthesis of mixed‐based, high‐density RNA microarrays using photolithography and light‐sensitive RNA phosphoramidites. With coupling efficiencies comparable to those of DNA monomers, RNA oligonucleotides at least 30 nucleotides long can now efficiently be prepared using modified phosphoramidite chemistry. A two‐step deprotection route unmasks the phosphodiester, the exocyclic amines and the 2′ hydroxyl. Hybridization and enzymatic assays validate the quality and the identity of the surface‐bound RNA. We show that high‐density is feasible by synthesizing a complex RNA permutation library with 262144 unique sequences. We also introduce DNA/RNA chimeric microarrays and explore their applications by mapping the sequence specificity of RNase HII.
Site‐Specific Deoxyfluorination of Small Peptides with [18F]Fluoride
Authors: Rickmeier Jens , Ritter Tobias
Published: September 2018

Radiolabeled receptor‐binding peptides are an important class of positron emission tomography tracers owing to achievable high binding affinities and their rapid blood clearance. Herein, a method to introduce a 4‐[18F]fluoro‐phenylalanine residue into peptide sequences is reported, by chemoselective radio‐deoxyfluorination of a tyrosine residue using a traceless activating group. The replacement of only one hydrogen atom with [18F]fluoride results in minimal structural perturbation of the peptide, which is desirable in the labeling of tracer candidates.
Immuno‐affinity Amperometric Detection of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhu Yingdi , Jović Milica , Lesch Andreas , Tissières Lovey Lysiane , Prudent Michel , Pick Horst , Girault Hubert H.
Published: September 2018

A combination of an immuno‐affinity enrichment strategy and sensitive amperometric read‐out was implemented in a point‐of‐care platform intended for bacterial infection analysis. Bacterial cells, selectively captured and enriched from complex matrices through immuno‐affinity, were detected by amperometric monitoring of the redox state of metabolic activity indicators, providing species identification and viable‐cell quantification. The method was successfully employed for the diagnosis of bacterial infections including antimicrobial susceptibility testing with only several hours of total working time.
Experimental study of the fouling characteristics in a pilot‐scale facility: Influence of the fouling surface
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Jiakai , Ma Weichen , Shi Hua
Published: September 2018

Fouling on the heat transfer tube is one of the most serious problems in the boiler for its low thermal conductivity. The fouling characteristics in a pilot‐scale facility were investigated, including the influence of the fouling surface. The digital image technique was utilized to study the growth characteristic of the fouling deposit. Meanwhile, the heat flux through the heat exchange tube was calculated. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to investigate the mineralogy and microstructure of the deposits. The results showed that the modified surface could inhibit the fouling and promoted the shedding processing of fouling deposit. The average thicknesses of the fouling deposits decreased as the deposition surface was modified with ceramic coating. In addition, the average heat fluxes of the two cases were 183.15 and 226.35 kW/m2 for two cases (noncoating and ceramic coating), respectively. The reduction mechanisms of the fouling deposit were studied. We observed that the modified surface had negative impacts on the content of alkalis, which strongly affected the adhesion behavior. According to the SEM images, the deposition presented a more porous structure with the ceramic coating. This research provides the guidance for mitigation of the fouling in boilers.
The dynamics of the global wood pellet markets and trade – key regions, developments and impact factors
Authors: Thrän Daniela , Schaubach Kay , Peetz David , Junginger Martin , Mai‐Moulin Thuy , Schipfer Fabian , Olsson Olle , Lamers Patrick
Published: September 2018

The global pellet market is growing but with different characteristics in different countries and regions. In this paper we trace developments between 2008 and 2016. For 2008, production was reported at 9.8 Tg, expanding globally to 14.3 Tg in 2010 and surpassing 26 Tg in 2015. Global hot spots are North America (production) and Europe (consumption). Sustainability certification was applied for about 9 Tg in 2016. Nevertheless, projections for future development are difficult as low pellet prices and uncertain sustainability obligations may hinder further expansion. In general, there is a strong dependency of the pellet market on the policy framework. © 2018 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The test taker's fallacy: How students guess answers on multiple‐choice tests
Authors: Lee Chan Jean
Published: September 2018

Many students and applicants take multiple‐choice tests to demonstrate their competence and achievement. When they are unsure, they guess the most likely answer to maximize their score. Despite the impact of guessing on test reliability and individual performance, studies have not examined how patterns of answer sequences in multiple‐choice tests affect guessing. This research presents the test taker's fallacy, which refers to an individual's tendency to expect a different answer to appear for the next question given a run of the same answer choices. The test taker's fallacy exhibits negative recency, similar to the gambler's fallacy. However, extending the sequential judgment literature, the test taker's fallacy shows that negative recency arises even when sequences may or may not be randomly generated. In three studies, including a survey and experiments, the test taker's fallacy is robustly observed. The test taker's fallacy is consistent with the operation of the representativeness heuristic. This research explains what and how test takers guess given a streak of answers and extends judgment under uncertainty to the test‐taking context.
Hommel's procedure in linear time
Authors: Meijer Rosa J. , Krebs Thijmen J. P. , Goeman Jelle J.
Published: September 2018

Hommel's and Hochberg's procedures for familywise error control are both derived as shortcuts in a closed testing procedure with the Simes local test. Hommel's shortcut is exact but takes quadratic time in the number of hypotheses. Hochberg's shortcut takes only linear time after the P‐values are sorted, but is conservative. In this paper, we present an exact shortcut in linear time on sorted P‐values, combining the strengths of both procedures. The novel shortcut also applies to a robust variant of Hommel's procedure that does not require the assumption of the Simes inequality.
Dual site‐controlled two‐photon fluorescent probe for the imaging of lysosomal pH in living cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Dong Baoli , Kong Xiuqi , Zhang Nan , Song Wenhui , Lin Weiying
Published: September 2018

Abnormal lysosomal pH is closely associated with many diseases, and real‐time monitoring of lysosomal pH is important for understanding the lysosome physiological nature. Here, we present a novel lysosome‐targeting two‐photon fluorescent probe (MP‐lys) for monitoring pH changes in living cells. As a dual site‐controlled probe, MP‐lys employed morpholine and piperazine groups as the lysosome‐targeting groups and pH response sites. MP‐lys showed rapid, reversible and sensitive fluorescence response to pH. MP‐lys possessed lysosome‐targeting properties, and could be used for two‐photon imaging of chloroquine‐induced pH variation in living cells.
Quantitative determination of six steroid alkaloids by sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Chen Lixue , Li Meijia , Sun Yinshi
Published: September 2018

In this study, a sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method was developed to determine pseudojervine (PJV), veratrosine (VTS), jervine (JV), veratramine (VTM), veramarine (VA) and veratroylzygadenine (VTG) in rat plasma. Separations were carried out using LC–MS/MS with a Chrom Matrix HP amide column (5 m, 10 cm × 3.0 mm i.d.). The mobile phases were (A) 0.01 mm formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. Good linearity was found for all analytes (R2 > 0.995) in the concentration range from 5 to 1000 μg/L with LLOQ at 5 μg/L for VTM and VTS; and from 1 to 1000 μg/L with LLOQ at 1 μg/L for PJV, JV, VA and VTG. Accuracy of the assay varied from 90.5 to 108.1%. The extraction recovery and matrix effect of six analytes ranged from 72.2 to 95.5% and from 79.2 to 98.4%. According to the stability test, six analytes in rat plasma were stable during the analysis process. On the basis of validation of the assay, the pharmacokinetics of the six steroid alkaloids were investigated after oral administration of Lilu extracts to rats.
The talking cure—building the core skills and the confidence of counsellors and psychotherapists to work effectively with multilingual patients through training and supervision
Authors: Costa Beverley , Dewaele Jean‐Marc
Published: September 2018

Background

Increasing numbers of multilingual people seek counselling and psychotherapy in a system that is rooted in a monolingual ideology. Despite these numbers, there is very little training for therapists and counsellors equipping them to treat multilingual patients. This is strange given that therapeutic treatment is known as the “talking cure.” Research with therapists and counsellors about their beliefs and behaviour with multilingual patients revealed that therapists were anxious about their ability to work with multilingual patients. Mothertongue multiethnic counselling service, a small NGO based in the UK, developed and delivered training for counsellors and therapists and culturally and linguistically sensitive supervision groups for counsellors and therapists working in their local NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service. They also developed and delivered a module on culturally and linguistically sensitive supervision for IAPT supervision courses.

Aim

An evaluation of these initiatives was conducted, to explore whether they would improve therapists’ core skills in working with multilingual clients.

Method

A combination of questionnaires, which employed Likert scales and Open Boxes, and face‐to face interviews were conducted with trainees and supervisees who had participated in these training and supervision initiatives.

Results

After the training and supervision, the confidence and multilingual awareness of counsellors and therapists improved, with an average score of improvement of 4 points on a 10‐point scale. All seven of the interviewed counsellors and therapists said they felt more able to use multilingualism as a therapeutic asset in the treatment of trauma and other presenting issues.

Conclusions and implications

This type of training and supervision has the potential to change counsellors’ and therapists’ thinking and behaviour, enhance their core skills and impact directly on mental health practice and the reduction in health inequalities. As a result of these sessions over the past decade, and the evidence from the evaluations, linguistically and culturally sensitive supervision is now being embedded into the structures of one local NHS service.
Participatory action research in an Amazon protected area: Lessons for community psychology in Northern Brazil
Authors: Calegare Marcelo Gustavo Aguilar , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto
Published: September 2018

Participatory action research (PAR) in rural Amazon communities in protected areas (PA) should be a requisite element of community psychology (CP) in Northern Brazil, because it allies investigation with action strategies appropriate to the specificities and problems of those rural communities. In this context, this article intends to promote reflection about PAR carried out in the communities of Auati‐Paraná Extractive Reserve, a federal PA of sustainable use in the western Amazon rainforest, and to highlight elements to community psychologists to solve issues faced by those rural Amazon communities. The PAR's aim was to help in the implementation of a sustainable development marquetry project that uses fallen wood resources and to monitor its psycho‐social‐environmental impact. We present and discuss the PAR's trajectory and its critical points for a CP approach in an Amazon PA context: group work, articulations, disagreements, and political negotiations between partners that permeate the PA's management and environmental governance in Amazon, despite the unexpected outcome of the marquetry project. We emphasize the critical engagement, committed praxis, and political role of CP in PA contexts, necessary for CP in Northern Brazil.
Vistriterpenoids A and B, Two New 24‐Nor‐oleanane Triterpenoids from Dodonaea viscosa
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hang , Zhu Ke‐Xin , Li Jing‐Ya , Lei Chun , Hou Ai‐Jun
Published: September 2018

Two new triterpenoids, vistriterpenoids A (1) and B (2), and four known ones, were acquired from Dodonaea viscosa. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the 24‐nor‐oleanane triterpenoids isolated from the genus Dodonaea for the first time. Their structures were identified based on extensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 exerted inhibitory activities against PTP1B in vitro.
Using Sand Tray to Facilitate College Students' Career Decision‐Making: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Swank Jacqueline M. , Jahn Stephani A. B.
Published: September 2018

Career decision‐making can be a challenging and stressful process for college students, and career counselors can be instrumental in helping college students to ease this process. Sand tray, an expressive, play therapy technique, offers career counselors a potentially useful method in this regard. The authors examine the use of sand tray to promote the career decision‐making process. Four undergraduate college students engaged in a sand tray intervention designed to promote career decision‐making. In the final session, students participated in an interview and had the opportunity to review and reflect on their sand tray photographs. Results of a phenomenological‐based analysis revealed 5 themes: (a) initial skepticism, (b) helpfulness, (c) awareness, (d) self‐expression, and (e) continued work. Career counselors may use this unique, creative approach to help clients who are stuck in the career decision‐making process. Future research may include examining the use of sand tray with other interventions, as well as examining intervention effectiveness on career outcome variables.
Combination of Aryl Diselenides/Hydrogen Peroxide and Carbon‐Nanotube/Rhodium Nanohybrids for Naphthol Oxidation: An Efficient Route towards Trypanocidal Quinones
Authors: de Carvalho Renato L. , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Santos Augusto C. C. , Araujo Maria H. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Bombaça Ana Cristina S. , Menna‐Barreto Rubem F. S. , Gopi Elumalai , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: September 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eric Doris at the Université Paris‐Saclay and Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG. The image depicts a pinball, corresponding to the naphthol to be oxidized, bouncing around and hitting different bumpers where catalytic transformations occur in a sequential fashion. Inspiration for the design of the cover originated from the 2018 football world cup, in which Brazil and France are among the best teams in history. Although opponents in the field, the two countries collaborate in Chemistry! Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802773.
Photoluminescence Enhancement of Carbon Dots by Surfactants at Room Temperature
Authors: Ren Wei , Chen Shiqing , Li Shumu , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Jianan , Guan Ming , Yang Hui , Li Na , Han Chao , Li Tuo , Zhao Zhenwen , Ge Jiechao
Published: September 2018

During the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) due to their unique photoluminescence (PL) properties. As synthetic methods gradually develop, many post‐functionalization strategies have been developed to enhance the PL of CDs. However, in most cases, the PL enhancement was less than 10‐fold with multistep modification processes. In this work, a facile and efficient post‐functionalization strategy was successfully applied to enhance the PL intensity of CDs dramatically up to 69 times by surfactants at room temperature for the first time. Furthermore, the mechanism of surfactant‐induced PL enhancement of CDs was investigated and in vivo bioimaging was performed. The results demonstrated that electrostatic/non‐electrostatic interactions between CDs and surfactants could effectively lower the vibration and rotation of CDs, increase radiative decay processes and, thus, enhance the PL of CDs. This finding may provide new insights into the strategies for enhancing the PL of CDs, further broadening their potential applications.
Complex‐precipitation using functionalized chiral ionic liquids with L‐proline anion and chromatographic analysis for enantioseparation of racemic amino acids
Authors: Zang Huimin , Yao Shun , Luo Yingjie , Tang Dan , Song Hang
Published: September 2018

As one kind of functionalized green medium, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have been widely applied in fields of asymmetric catalysis, enantioseparation, and so on. In this study, four kinds of amino acid–based CILs were synthesized by using trimethylamine, N‐methylpyrrolidine, N‐methylimidazole, and tropine as cationic nucleus, respectively. Then their specific optical rotation and solubility in common solvents were determined for further resolution application. The effect of different cations in these CILs was explored on the separation of racemic phenylalanine in complex‐precipitation way. Moreover, various factors were systematically investigated for their effects on resolution efficiency, including the type of additive copper salts, the molar ratio of Cu (II) to CIL, pH value, the amount of racemic phenylalanine, and temperature. Under the appropriate conditions, L‐phenylalanine mainly existed in solid phase and could be separated from its enantiomers in liquid phase. Furthermore, the mechanism of resolution was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrum, and molecular simulation. The resolution system has characteristics of no organic solvent, fast separation speed, simple resolution process, and easy scale‐up.
General purpose electronics for real‐time processing and encoding of non‐MR data in MR acquisitions
Authors: Pedersen Jan Ole , Hanson Christian G. , Xue Rong , Hanson Lars G.
Published: September 2018

Recording of data other than MR signals are often of interest during MRI. We present unique, versatile circuitry developed for sampling and real‐time processing of such non‐MR signals to facilitate recording of these by an MR scanner. The circuitry is capable of acquiring multiple signals at 200 kHz sampling rate, measure RF power correlates, perform fast and flexible signal processing, and transmitting both amplitude and frequency modulated RF signals receivable by MR scanners. As an example of use, an electronic point‐source signal is generated by the circuitry, and transmitted wirelessly to the receive coil of an MR scanner during an echo planar imaging sequence.
Trends in breast cancer mortality by stage at diagnosis among young women in the United States
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Kuo Yong‐fang , Shih Ya Chen Tina , Giordano Sharon H. , Berenson Abbey B.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Assessing trends in breast cancer survival among young women who are largely unaffected by breast cancer screening will provide important information regarding improvements in the effectiveness of cancer care for breast cancer in the last few decades.

METHODS

The cohort for this study consisted of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 20 and 39 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program's 9‐registry areas from 1975 to 2015. Trends in the breast cancer incidence rate and survival were assessed among young women.

RESULTS

Among women aged 20 to 39 years, breast cancer incidence increased from 24.6 per 100,000 in 1975 to 31.7 per 100,000 in 2015 (annual percent change, 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4‐0.6). Among women with breast cancer, 5‐year breast‐cancer‐specific survival increased significantly from 74.0% during 1975 to 1979 to 88.5% during 2010 to 2015 (hazard ratio for dying from breast cancer for 2010‐2015 vs 1975‐1979, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.41). The increase in cancer‐specific survival reached a plateau in 2005; however, among young women with metastatic breast cancer, it continued to increase after 2005, from 45.6% during 2005 to 2009 to 56.5% during 2010 to 2015 (hazard ratio for dying from breast cancer for 2010‐2015 vs 2005‐2009, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60‐0.92). Similar patterns also were observed for 5‐year overall survival and among women aged 20 to 29 years and those aged 30 to 39 years.

CONCLUSIONS

There were substantial improvements in the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment on overall and cancer‐specific survival from 1975 to 2015. However, improvements appeared to have reached a plateau after 2005, except among young women with metastatic breast cancer, in whom survival continued to improve throughout the period.
Users' location analysis based on Chinese mobile social media
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Guo Yuechuan , Zheng Senzhe , Xu Wei , Liu Lin , Liu Zixin , Cui Xiaohui
Published: September 2018

After the rapid development for more than 20 years, Internet has gradually become the main carrier of people's information and behaviors in people's daily life. In addition, the innovation and popularization of smartphone GPS makes user location information much more available and accurate, helping it to create remarkable values by which people are attracted to focus on social media–related data mining and applications. However, because of the sparsity of social media geographical information, direct inferences of locations have plenty of difficulties. Under the background of big data, this research has revised the UGC‐LI model in the preprocess of texts and the creation of the local dictionaries in which we take existed local dictionaries from the Internet into consideration, with the purpose of the inferences for users' and texts' locations. At the time of writing, through the crawler, we acquire users' personal information, the blog content, and customer relationships' (follows, fans) information more than 410 331 pieces from Sina Weibo. The experimental results show that the recall rate of the user location inference is 86.0%, whereas the precise rate is 77.4%, and the accuracy of text posted location inference is 66.8%. Compared with some other related algorithms, this revised model has comparatively better results in location inference for users and text publication.
Efficient checkpointing mechanisms for primary‐backup replication on the cloud
Authors: Güler Berkin , Özkasap Öznur
Published: September 2018

Several distributed services ranging from key‐value stores to cloud storage require fault‐tolerance and reliability features. For enabling fast recovery and seamless transition, primary‐backup replication protocols are widely used in different application settings including distributed databases, web services, and the Internet of Things. In this study, we elaborate the ways of enhancing the efficiency of the primary‐backup replication protocol by introducing various checkpointing techniques. We develop a geographically replicated key‐value store based on the RocksDB and use the PlanetLab testbed network for large‐scale performance analysis. Using various metrics of interest including blocking time, checkpointing time, checkpoint size, failover time, and throughput and testing with practical workloads via the YCSB tool, our findings indicate that periodic‐incremental checkpointing promises up to 5 times decrease in blocking time and a drastic improvement on the overall throughput compared to the traditional primary‐backup replication. Furthermore, enabling Snappy compression algorithm on the periodic‐incremental checkpointing leads to further reduction in blocking time and increases system throughput compared to the traditional primary‐backup replication.
A service trust evaluation model using clustering fuzzy inference for guiding network service selection
Authors: Li Zhaozheng , Lei Weimin
Published: September 2018

The evolution of distributed and virtualized network services makes service selection difficult, as service providers and their links are becoming open and random. The trust degree of service providers is considered as an effective guidance, but it is unmethodical to establish and maintain a clear and stable trust relationship between them. Traditional solutions of service trust evaluation are not comprehensive and accurate enough, because they generally do not take randomness and fuzziness into account. In this context, a model of service trust evaluation based on clustering fuzzy inference for guiding network service selection is proposed in this paper. Four clustering evaluation indexes are determined, and an evaluation mechanism is established based on the fuzzy membership function. The valuation process is time‐aware, and the fuzzy knowledge base can be iteratively updated to keep the trust degree fresh. Simulation experiments illustrate the feasibility of the proposed model and indicate the superiority of greater performance compared with other similar solutions.
Formal verification approaches in the web service composition: A comprehensive analysis of the current challenges for future research
Authors: Souri Alireza , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Jafari Navimipour Nima
Published: September 2018

Today, service composition is emerging paradigm on the communication networks such as cloud environments, internet of things, wireless sensor network, and software‐defined network. The goal of service composition method is to provide the interactions between user requirements and smart objects of intelligent communication systems. There have been many efforts to use formal verification and behavioral modeling methods to evaluate the service composition mechanisms. Up to now, there is not a comprehensive analysis research on this topic. Therefore, this paper focuses on several formal verification approaches that are performed to confirm the service composition correctness in communication networks. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively categorize and examine current research techniques on formal verification of the service composition. This research analysis provides an overview of recent service composition approaches according to structural and functional properties. Comparison results show that most of the verification approaches in explanation of the service composition correctness are semantic‐aware approach with 43%. The most used verification method for the service composition is model checking with 69%. The process algebra is used 29%, and some theorem proving methods are applied in 9% of the investigated mechanism. Moreover, most widely used modeling tools are NuSMV (22%), SPIN (17%), CPN (12%), UPPAAL (12%), Event‐B (10%), and PAT (5%).