bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dur Labeur Des Femmes Bayam-Sellam Dans L’approvisionnement Des Marchés De La Ville De Douala (Cameroun) En Banane Plantain
Authors: Rosine Chadji , Pompidou Folefack Denis
Published: December 2018

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the working conditions of some women who supply plantain bananas to markets in Douala. Surveys were conducted among 60 women along National Road 5. This study revealed that the supply chain is dominated by older women (47 years old). Nearly half were married contrary to what one might have thought. Furthermore majority of these women were from the Western Region (76%) and were more experience; to carry out this activity Nevertheless they were faced with difficulties such as Long working hours from 4 am to midnight (than 15 hours) s, braving the risk of aggression and accidents. Their goods were best transported by bus or trucks to the rural markets. In order to purchase this product they are subjected to a lot of challenges and in addition to this, their physical condition must be in order. Another challenge faced by these women is the long waiting hours for trucks or buses to come by. This can take 2–6 hours before the buses arrive. In addition, the activity is mostly appreciated by the actors who do contribute to the economic empowerment of women, because it is profitable. However, they are faced with several constraints such as: theft, insecurity; high cost of transportation; lack of information; poor road infrastructure; police harassment; difficulties to have a warehouse to facilitate the storage and conservation conditions, etc. Due to these constraints, the commercial potential of women is hindered and much lower than it could be.
A Priori Model of Constitutionality Review in Georgia: Systemic Aspects and Potential Shortcomings
Authors: Tavadze Zaza
Published: December 2018

The genesis of a priori review of legislation traces back to France, which was devised with a clear objective to ensure institutional balance and separation of powers between government branches. This model has spread all across Europe, including Georgia. The present paper, by applying analytical research methodology, aims to dwell on some of the institutional characteristics of constitutional system in Georgia and underscore potential difficulties of a priori review model that could be associated with its functioning in practice.
The Petroleum Exploitation and Pollution in Ogoni, Rivers State, Nigeria: The Community Perspective
Authors: Bodo Tombari , David Lekpa Kingdom
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper was to examine community perspective to petroleum exploitation and pollution in Ogoni, Rivers State. To achieve this aim, the objective was to determine the extent to which the pollution of the environment has affected the people’s views of usefulness of the resources in their communities. The survey design method was employed. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 oil bearing communities from the four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogoniland. The data were collected using interviews, focus group discussions, oral testimonies and questionnaires. Being qualitative; transcriptions, rewriting and coding were employed in data analysis, except for the questionnaires which adopted descriptive statistical methods. Results showed that majority of the people have not benefitted from the petroleum resources in their communities. It was revealed that pollution has changed the people’s views of the usefulness of petroleum resources, as they clearly see the resources in their communities as a curse. However, many communities believed that there was no sincerity on the part of their leaders, as the dividends claimed to be given by the multinational oil companies (MNOCs) for the welfare and benefit of the people were not visible. It is recommended that in order to change the perception of the people toward petroleum exploitation, the MNOCs should massively develop the host communities with basic social amenities and deal directly with the land owners whose portions of land are directly affected and not through the chiefs or the Community Based Organisations (CBOs).
Impact Des Facteurs Intersubjectifs Sur L'engagement Des Cadres Ivoiriens Au Développement De Leur Localité d’Origine
Authors: Inoussa Daboné , Zoumana Méité
Published: December 2018

Despite the policy of developing localities initiated by the Ivorian state, disparities between rural and urban populations are still obvious. The lack of interest in this process of development from localities’ native executives is highlighted. The present survey tempts to examine this lack of personal commitment from executives in relation with intersubjective factors such as sympathy, autonomy, mystical practices and communication. In so doing, a sample of 121 executives from the Ivorian public administration are selected rationally in the purpose of data collection through a questionnaire. Statistical analysis indicate that, except the autonomy to bring innovations in rural areas, the targeted intersubjective factors have a significant impact on the executives' level of commitment in their locality’s development. As regards to practical repercussions, these results underline the necessity to develop the local populations’ mind of sympathy and communication towards their executives. Local populations have also to put an end to any mystical practice able to frighten their native executives if they want them to fully take part in the development of their different localities.
The Elderly and Life’s Channels: The Threads of Life
Authors: Elma-Macrohon Elma Jazz
Published: December 2018

This study was undertaken with the aim to validate the assumption in JEM’s Theory on Intergenerational Visits to the Elderly, which states that Intergenerational visits promote socialization, that spirals into family solidarity, quality time shared; that affords the elderly parents more meanings, purposes, significance in their lives, the feeling of successfully aging, and make family relationship tighter everytime it happens. It is also to come up with narrative materials from the experiences of the informant-elderly during intergenerational visits, together with children, grandchildren, friends and relatives, before, during, and after the visitation. The method used is narrative inquiry. Interview schedules were used both in Filipino and English. There were recorded interviews and later transcriptions of them, then a story was woven entitled: “The Elderly and Life’s Channels: The Threads of Life”. There were six parents interviewed equal to six families. The characters in the narrations are representatives from these families. Findings proved that, “intergenerational visits to the elderly”, is a key factor to improve the social relationship between children and parents and between and among parents and children. Other findings were on the smooth and rough (conflicts) events in the family, but the latter mended by the faithful observance of intergenerational visits, which serve as the knot that binds family members together, because the former promotes socialization. It is recommended that Intergenerational visits be included in the yearly activities for the elderly people or the senior citizens, by their respective family members, often or even far in-between.
Diagnóstico De La Producción De Textos Descriptivos En Inglés
Authors: Eulalia Rojas Castro Carmita , Alejandra Logroño Becerra Mónica , Iván Lara Olivo Lenin , Maribel Yumi Guacho Lorena
Published: December 2018

The objective of the current research was to diagnosis the descriptive texts production as complement of the communicational skill in English, from the students of third level "M" from the Language Center from Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo in October 2016 - March 2017. For this reason, an intervention plan was applied with an evaluation rubric, to an intentional sample or a control group composed of 1 teacher and 41 students. The rubric was verified and validated by academic peers, who ratified the fulfilment of writing stages such as, prewriting, drafting, review, editing, and proofreading. The intervention lasted eight weeks, where the students carried out a set of activities that were qualified and quantified through a checklist with a weighted range of options. The research is descriptive, field and bibliographic. The information obtained was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted; the same determined the current scenario of the students in each of the stages for the descriptive texts production, obtaining as a conclusion about that a strategy is needed to influence on the production of descriptive texts.
Is the UNDP Declared Human Development for Everyone Possible in Real Life?
Authors: Komarova Vera , Vasserman Yuriy , Selivanova-Fyodorova Natalya
Published: December 2018

The law of normal distribution applied to human development states that an equal level of development of countries (regions, and people) at one point in time cannot be achieved, and under any level of average development there will always be those lagging behind this level and those ahead of it. The main research issue within the framework of this article is the following: what happens beyond the average indicators of human development in real life, and is it possible to achieve the equally high level of human development for everyone? The authors answer this question with the help of diachronic and synchronic analysis of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the period 1990 – 2017 with respect to compliance of the HDI variance to normal distribution. Using cluster analysis, the authors obtained the results testifying that the modern world is increasingly divided into groups of countries (“worlds”) every one of which has its own average level of human development, and the HDI of the countries within each group varies in accordance with the Gauss curve. These four “worlds“ generally coincide with the UNDP division of countries into four groups - very high human development, high human development, medium human development, low human development. The authors came to the conclusion that the human development as the dynamic process is possible. But it is impossible to achieve the same level of human development for everyone without differences in the development levels between several groups of countries (several “worlds”) and within one group of countries (one “world”).
Government as a Key Duty Bearer in Transition Reforms from Socialism to Capitalism-The Case of Albania
Authors: Ymeraj Arlinda
Published: December 2018

The paper “Government as a key duty bearer in transition reforms from socialism to capitalism – the case of Albania”, addresses the way in which the government should exercise its power to ensure that citizens have equal access to social welfare services, enjoying their rights. Albania, like other Central and Eastern European countries experienced the past socialist system, which failed. The failure of the socialist system was the failure of the state: in political, economic and social terms. As far as economic policies are concerned, all data demonstrate the collapse of socialism, because the system was based on inefficiency, which eroded growth. Regardless of the principles of communist regimes adopted in former communist countries’ Constitutions, the past system brought neither equity nor justice, and therefore instead of “social cohesion”, the contradictions among social groups and categories, deepened. After the failure of socialism, Albania embarked on the new path aimed at establishing democratic regimes through the protection of human rights and at raising the standard of living. Albania has been proactive in ratifying international conventions relating to human rights in general and to vulnerable groups. Very recently, on June 2014, the European Council granted Albania candidate status, as a recognition for the reform steps undertaken in harmonizing its domestic organic laws and legislation with international standards. As part of these twin obligations from UN intergovernmental and EU processes, Albanian governments after the 90s have been progressively taking measures vis-à-vis efficient allocation of resources and effective distribution of social welfare. Nevertheless, Albanian citizens live in a dire reality. Therefore, after 25 years of transition, one of the main goals of reforms, “Efficient allocation of resources to boost growth and effective distribution of social welfare to enhance equity”, seems not to have been achieved. Undoubtedly, this influences the controversial opinions about the government’s control vis-à-vis government’s mode of functioning, advancing arguments that examine whether it is a question of abuse or that of concentration of power.
ANALISIS PEMASARAN DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA KELOMPOK TANI RIDHO LESTARI DI DESA TEMBOKREJO KECAMATAN MUNCAR KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Amnimarlianda Binta Islami , Syafi'i Imam , Supriono Agus
Published: December 2018

Banyuwangi Regency is one of the centers of watermelon production in East Java Province. Muncar Sub-district is a watermelon producing district with the highest harvest and production area in Banyuwangi. The village of Muncar sub-district known as watermelon producing village is Tembokrejo Village. This research conducted in the Tembokrejo Village at the farmer group of Ridho Lestari has three purposes, namely: (1) to know the marketing channel of watermelon, (2) to know the margin and efficiency of watermelon marketing, and (3) to know the income and efficiency of watermelon farming. The results showed that farmers of watermelon farmer group Ridho Lestari have 4 marketing channels, namely: (a) farmers - wholesalers - retailers - consumers, (b) farmers - middlemen - wholesalers - retailers - consumers, (c) farmers - middlemen - retailers - consumers, and (d) farmers - exporters - importers; (2) the non-exported watermelon marketing margin is low and efficient, while the export marketing margin is high and inefficient; (3) Ridho Lestari farmers' watermelon farmer's income is beneficial and the cost of watermelon farming is efficient.
What Do You Do With a Doctor that Does Not Make It into Specialist Training?
Authors: Bandiera Glen , Tam Vivian
Published: December 2018

N/A.
Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Rare Tumor of Male Pelvic Cavity
Authors: Celik Suleyman Utku , Hesimov Ilkin , Kutlu Burak , Erkek Ayhan Bulent
Published: December 2018

Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon, benign, slow-growing, and locally infiltrative soft tissue neoplasm which is located primarily in the genital region and pelviperineal interstitial tissue of female patient in the fourth decade of life. Its occurrence in male patients is even more unusual and commonly appears at a later age. The mainstay of treatment typically involves surgical excision with tumor-free margins, and despite complete resection, local recurrences are common. Here, an unusual case of aggressive angiomyxoma occurring in the pelvic region of a 55-year-old man and its treatment is discussed due to its rarity.
Dor Crónica Pós-Hernioplastia Inguinal em Regime de Ambulatório: Estudo de Coorte Retrospetivo
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia , Duarte Ana , Guimarães André , Fernandes Armindo , Ferreira Catarina , Amorim Diana , Gouveia Filipa , Almeida Joana , Braga Madalena , Oliveira Mariana , Durães Mónica , Pichel Rita , Romão José
Published: December 2018

Introdução: A dor crónica pós-cirúrgica é a complicação tardia mais frequente da cirurgia de reparação de hérnia inguinal. Este trabalho visa determinar a incidência de dor crónica pós-hernioplastia inguinal em ambulatório no Centro Hospitalar do Porto, estudar a sua relação com determinadas variáveis descritas na literatura, avaliar as suas características e interferência funcional.Material e Métodos: Realizámos um estudo de coorte retrospetivo, entre fevereiro e maio de 2016, por entrevista telefónica estruturada composta por perguntas dos autores e secções de três questionários publicados, dois dos quais validados para a língua e cultura portuguesas. Incluímos os homens submetidos a hernioplastia inguinal, por laparotomia ou laparoscopia, em ambulatório, no Centro Hospitalar do Porto, entre janeiro de 2011 e outubro de 2015.Resultados: Na amostra final de 829 hernioplastias, a incidência de dor crónica pós-hernioplastia foi de 24,0% [intervalo de confiança: 21,2 - 27,1]. O desenvolvimento de dor crónica foi superior nos doentes com dor pré-cirúrgica, nos doentes mais jovens e relacionou-se com o momento de início da dor pós-cirúrgica. Não encontrámos relação com a via de abordagem, clássica ou laparoscópica. Dos indivíduos com dor crónica, 65,0% apresentaram dor ‘em média’ moderada ou forte e 37,7% apresentavam descritores sugestivos de dor de origem neuropática. A dor crónica pós-hernioplastia do ponto de vista funcional apenas ‘não interferiu completamente’ com o sono.Discussão: A prevalência encontrada de dor crónica pós-hernioplastia, com interferência funcional importante, é congruente com os dados disponíveis na literatura. O potencial preditor da presença de dor pré-cirúrgica e idade jovem do doente para o desenvolvimento de dor crónica pós-hernioplastia é também corroborado pela literatura. Tratando-se de um estudo de coorte retrospetivo, o estudo apresenta as limitações inerentes.Conclusão: A elevada prevalência de dor crónica pós-hernioplastia encontrada apontam para a urgência na sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para esta problemática e otimização do follow-up, diagnóstico e tratamento da dor.
In vitro antimalarial activity of some organotin(IV)2-nitrobenzoate compounds against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Hadi Sutopo , Noviany Noviany , Rilyanti Mita
Published: December 2018

Antimalarial activity study of organotin(IV) derivatives with nitrobenzoic acid derivatives used as ligands has been performed. The targeted compounds were prepared from their organotin(IV) chlorides via dibutyltin(IV) oxide, diphenyltin(IV) dihydroxide, and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide intermediate products, followed by reacting the intermediate products with 2-nitrobenzoic acid. The antimalarial activity was performed against P. falciparum. The results showed that the IC50values of dibutyiltin(IV) di-2-nitrobenzoate, diphenyltin(IV) di-2-nitrobenzoate, and triphenyltin(IV) 2-nitrobenzoate were in 8.4 × 10‑3, 5.3 × 10–2, and 9.1 × 10–3 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values were slightly higher than the value for chloroquine (2 × 10–3 µg/ml) used as the positive control; however, one advantage is that all prepared organotin(IV) compounds were not resistant to Plasmodium, making the use of organotin(IV) as an antimalarial is possible. The results indicated that the derivative of triphenyltin(IV) was more potent when used as an antimalarial, as expected, and has potential to be developed as an antimalarial drug in the future.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel isocoumarin derived polymer and its thermal decomposition kinetics
Authors: Kurt Adnan , Avci Halil Ibrahim , Koca Murat
Published: December 2018

A novel isocumarin derived polymer poly(2-(isocoumarin-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate) poly(ICEMA) was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The spectral characterization was performed with FTIR and 1H,13C-NMR techniques. The glass transition temperature of poly(ICEMA) was measured to be 161.69 °C by DSC technique. The initial decomposition temperatures obtained from TGA showed a change in the positive direction from 256.59 °C to 286.10 °C as the heating rate increased to 20 °C/min. Thermal decomposition activation energies of poly(ICEMA) in the conversion range of 7% - 19% were found to be 136.12 kJ/mol and 134.83 kJ/mol by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger’s models, respectively. In addition, various integral models such as Coats-Redfern, Tang, Madhusudanan and Van-Krevelen models were used to determine the thermal decomposition mechanism of poly(2-(isocoumarin-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate)which showed that it proceeded at the optimum heating rate of 5 ºC/min over the D1 one-dimensional diffusion type deceleration mechanism
Penggunaan Tanah Liat Untuk Keberhasilan Pemijahan Ikan Patin Siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
[The Use of Clay for Successful Spawning Patin Siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)]
Authors: Fani Fariedah , Audia Audia , Rani Yuwanita , A’yunin Qurrota , Evi Tahapari
Published: December 2018

AbstrakIkan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) merupakan komoditi ikan air tawar asal Thailand yang berkembang pesat di Indonesia. Permintaan ikan patin yang cukup tinggi menuntut ketersediaan benih yang terus berkelanjutan, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan stok benih di pasaran melalui pengembangan teknik pembenihan. Teknik pembenihan adalah suatu tahapan kegiatan dalam budidaya bertujuan  untuk menghasilkan  benih dan sangat menentukan tahap kegiatan selanjutnya, yaitu pembesaran atau pemeliharaan. Pemberian tanah liat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan pemijahan ikan patin siam karena tanah liat mampu mencegah telur ikan patin saing menempel. Percobaan ini menggunakan pemijahan buatan dengan penyuntikan hormon HCG dan ovaprim dan penggunaan tanah liat. Percobaan pembenihan ikan patin siam dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2016 di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI) Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat. Di akhir percobaan ini diperoleh hasil laju fertilisasi 78,93% dan laju penetasan sebanyak 84%, sedangkan laju fertilisasi pada kontrol lebih rendah dibawah perlakuan yaitu 70,19% sedangkan untuk laju penetasan sebanyak 70,09% AbstractPatin Siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a commodity of freshwater fish from Thailand originally which is growing rapidly in Indonesia. The high demand for the patin siam needs the availability of seeds to increase seed stock in the market through hatchery. The hatchery is an activity in cultivation that that aims to produce seeds. The provision of clay is expected to increase the success of spawning of Siamese catfish. This experiment uses artificial spawning with HCG and ovaprim hormone injections. Experiments of Siamese catfish hatchery were carried out from July to September 2016 at the Sukamandi Fish Breeding Research Institute (BPPI), Subang, West Java. At the end of this study resulted in 78,93% in Fertilization Rate and 84% in Hatching Rate while in control 70,19% in Fertilization Rate and 70,09% in Hatching Rate.
Teknik Budidaya Kerapu Cantang (Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus-lanceolatus) pada Keramba Jaring Apung di Balai Budidaya Air Payau, Situbondo, Jawa Timur
[Culture Techniques of Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) at Floating Net Cages in Brackish Water Aquaculure Development Center, Situbondo East Java]
Authors: Jiet Choo Wei , Musa Nadirah
Published: December 2018

AbstrakPelatihan industri telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari dan memahami teknik budidaya dari Kerapu Cantang (Epiphenelus sp.). Teknik budidaya kerapu Cantang merupakan salah satu faktor yang akan mempengaruhi tingkat pertumbuhannya. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan selama 21 hari di Pusat Pengembangan Budidaya Perikanan Air Payau, Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan kerapu Cantang meningkat signifikan sebesar 2,29 gram/hari. Pengelolaan pakan dan kualitas air yang baik dianggap sebagai faktor utama yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan Kerapu Cantang selama proses budidaya. AbstractAn industrial training has been conducted to learn and understand the culture techniques of Cantang Grouper (Epiphenelus sp.). The culture technique of Cantang Grouper is one of the factors that affect its growth. The fish sampling was carried out for 21 days at Brackish Water Aquaculture Development Center, Situbondo, East Java. The result of this study demonstrated that growth of Cantang Grouper was increased significantly of 2.29 gram/day. Good management of feed and water quality are considered as the main factors that gave effect on the growth of Cantang Grouper during the cultivation process.
Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Mangrove Api-Api Putih (Avicennia marina) Penghasil Enzim L-asparaginase
[Identification of Mangrove Endophyte Bacteria of Api-Api Putih (Avicennia marina) as Producing L-asparaginase Enzyme]
Authors: Prihanto Asep Awaludin , Fatchiyah Alifatul , Kartikaningsih Hartati , Pradarameswari Ken Audia
Published: December 2018

Enzim L-asparaginase (E.C 3.5.1.1) adalah protein tetramer yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga amidohydrolases homolog. ). L-asparaginase secara selektif menghidrolisis L-aspargin (L-Asn) menjadi amonia (NH3) dan asam aspartat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan spesies bakteri penghasil enzim L-asparaginase yang diisolasi dari mangrove Avicennia marina yang berasal dari Pantai Bajul Mati, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa tahapan yaitu pengambilan dan preparasi sampel, skrining L-asparaginase, dan identifikasi menggunakan uji mycrobact system. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat dengan aktivitas enzim L-asparaginase terbesar adalah isolat DAM6 yang berasal dari daun Avicennia marina. Isolat DAM6 adalah bakteri merupakan bakteri gram negatif, berbentuk basil, bentuk koloni oval, tepi koloni tidak rata dan elevansi cembung. Berdasarkan analisis microbact,  isolat DAM6 adalah bakteri spesies Pseudomonas aeruginosa.                                               AbstractThe L-asparaginase enzyme (E.C 3.5.1.1) is a tetramer protein belonging to the family group of amidohydrolases. L-asparaginase selectively hydrolyzes L-aspargin (L-Asn) to ammonia (NH3) and aspartic acid. This study aims to obtain species of L-asparaginase enzyme producing bacteria isolated from Avicennia marina mangroves from Bajul Mati Beach, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. This research carried out several stages such as took and prepared samples, screened L-asparaginase, and identified using the mycrobact system test. The results showed that the isolates with the largest L-asparaginase enzyme activity were DAM6 and it was originated from the leaves of Avicennia marina. DAM6 isolate is a gram-negative with an oval shape, uneven edges, and convex elevation. Based on microbact analysis, DAM6 isolates are Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Profil Terumbu Karang Pulau Kangean, Kabupaten Sumenep, Indonesia
[Coral Reef Profile of Kangean Island, Sumenep District, Indonesia]
Authors: Arisandi Apri , Tamam Badrud , Fauzan Achmad
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan bagian dari ekosistem laut yang penting, karena menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi biota laut.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa persentase penutupan karang hidup, lifeform dan jumlah karang.  Kelimpahan ikan karang dan kondisi perairan kepulauan yang terdapat ekosistem terumbu karang bisa menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kesesuaian suatu kawasan menjadi objek ekowisata bahari.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan juli-Agustus dan dilakukan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT), sepanjang 50 meter sejajar garis pantai pada kedalaman 3 dan 10 meter. Persentase penutupan karang mengacu kepada lifeform dan data ikan karang diambil menggunakan metode pencacahan langsung (visual census).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan karang berada pada kisaran 60-73% yang artinya kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Kangean adalah baik, dan merupakan habitat yang nyaman bagi ikan-ikan karang seperti spesies Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., dan Cheilodipterus sp. AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are part of an important marine ecosystem because they are a source of life for marine biota. This study was aimed to collect data in the form of a percentage of live coral cover, lifeform and number of corals. The abundance of reef fish and the condition of island waters that have coral reef ecosystems can be the basis for supporting the suitability of an area to become an object of marine ecotourism. The study was conducted in July-August and was carried out using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method, along 50 meters parallel to the coastline at depths of 3 and 10 meters. The percentage of coral cover refers to the lifeform and data on reef fish are taken using the visual census method. The results showed that the percentage of coral cover was in the range of 60-73%, which means that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Kangean Island is good, and is a comfortable habitat for reef fish such as the species Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., and Cheilodipterus sp.
Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Api-Api (Avicennia alba) terhadap Vibrio harveyi Penyebab Vibriosis secara Invitro
[In Vitro Antibacteria Activity of Api-Api (Avicennia alba) Leave Extract Against Vibrio harveyi Causes Vibriosis]
Authors: Fitri Zurica Melati , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Mubarak Ahmad Shofy
Published: December 2018

AbstrakBudidaya udang dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala penyakit yang timbul dan  dapat menyebabkan kematian masal pada larva udang windu, salah satunya  vibriosis yang   disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio harveyi.   Zat antibakteri yaitu : flavonoid, saponin dan tanin terbukti dapat membunuh beberapa bakteri patogen.  Daun api – api Avicennia alba mengandung zat anti bakteri sehingga berpotensi digunakan untuk membunuh bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum ekstrak daun api-api (Avicennia alba) dalam menghambat dan membunuh pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian ini  mengunakan metode eksperimental dengan  perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun api-api (Avicennia alba) sebesar  100%, 90% 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%. 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%.  Parameter yang diamati  dalam penelitian ini  adalah Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan pertumbuhan koloni  pada uji Minimum Bacteria Concentration (MBC).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada  konsentrasi 60% ekstrak daun Avicennia alba dapat menghambat pertumbuhan  V.harveyi. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 90% ekstrak daun Avicennia alba menyebabkan  bakteri V.harveyi terbunuh.   AbstractShrimp culture has various obstacles such as the emergence of diseases that can cause deaths in tiger shrimp larvae such as vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi. Some antibacterial substances such as flavonoid, saponin, and tannin inhibit and kill several pathogenic bacteria. Avicennia alba leaves contain anti-bacterial substances that have the potential to be used to kill Vibrio harveyi bacteria. This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of Avicennia alba leaves extract for inhibiting and kill the growth of Vibrio harveyi. This study used an experimental method, using  Avicennia alba leaves extract concentration treatment of 100%, 90% 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%. 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%. The parameters observed in this study were the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and bacteria colony growth in Minimum Bacteria Concentration (MBC) test. The results showed that at a concentration of 60% Avicennia alba leaves extract could inhibit the growth of V.harveyi. While at a concentration of 90% Avicennia alba leaves extract, Vibrio harveyi bacteria was killed.
PATHOGENESIS, ACTUAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF THE ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHOEA
Authors: Shapovalova M. M. , Budnevsky A. V. , Kravchenko A. Ya. , Drobysheva E. S. , Ovsyannikov E. S.
Published: December 2018

The article provides an overview of current Russian and foreign literature devoted to the problem of pathogenesis, and of the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one of the most relevant aspects of modern drug therapy in due to the frequent prescription of antibacterial agents. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (according to WHO) is defined as the presence of three or more episodes of an unformed stool for two or more consecutive days that occurred during or after the end of antibiotic therapy. The risk of developing this disorder is highest when using aminopenicillins, as well as their combinations with clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, clindamycin. Despite the presence of a common etiologic factor — the intake of antibacterial agents, the immediate causes and mechanisms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea development in patients may be different. The article describes the main issues of the etiology and pathogenesis of this pathology, the risk factors for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are named, that allows to predict this complication in certain categories of patients. Тhe virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida spp. and the clinical manifestations associated with their effects are highlighted. The clinical variants of this disease are described: 1) pseudomembranous colitis; 2) segmental hemorrhagic colitis; 3) “mild illness”. Contemporary literature data on the possibilities of prevention, as well as effective methods of treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, are presented. For the treatment and prevention of all clinical forms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, most authors suggest the use of drugs that make up the deficiency of normal intestinal microbiota — probiotics and prebiotics. The problem of the benefits of adjuvant therapy with probiotics during the course of antibiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea remains controversial, the effectiveness and safety of the use of various probiotic cultures for this purpose is being studied. The information presented in this review is intended to target physicians to the rational use of antibacterial agents, and to early diagnosis of their most frequent side effect, antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
RESULTS OF THE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF LIFESTYLE OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF TREATMENT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Gruzdeva A. A. , Kharitonova E. A. , Motyleva E. A. , Ilyin M. V. , Mushnikov D. L.
Published: December 2018

Introduction.Arterial hypertension is one of the most serious problems of the contemporary health care. Within the qualimetric approach and quantification of “lifestyle” capacity. However, research papers dealing with the relationship impact medical care cardiac profile and complete realization of the potential of the lifestyles of patients, it is not enough. The purpose of the research is to explore the potential lifestyle hypertensive patients and its role in ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the medical organizations of the Kostroma region. Research methods: expert, sociological, analytical, statistical. Analysed data on 400 patients a cardiac profile: lifestyle parameters monitoring data of patients using the original automated management factors impact medical care Cardiac profile, data expert evaluation of physician lifestyles of the patient and the patient questionnaire survey, consisting of 8 questions.

Results and discussion. Found that in patients with arterial hypertension has reduced the capacity of lifestyle for all its components, including the low level of medical activity, low level of medical awareness, inadequate recreational activity disregard for the principles of a balanced diet, the prevalence of bad habits. There are significant differences in the potential lifestyle of patients with low and high levels of treatment success, proving the importance of lifestyle modification patients, his healing in the practice of primary care physicians health.

Conclusions and proposals. It is recommended that the monitoring capacity of the lifestyles of patients with arterial hypertension in the context of district clinics.
Structure and Role of the Board of Directors according to the Company Law of Jordan: The Need for Revision
Authors: Malkawi Bashar H.
Published: December 2018

Corporate governance is developing rapidly in many countries across the world. In this article, the existing state of corporate governance in Jordan is examined. Jordan does not have a corporate governance code per se. The article reveals that overall Jordan has in place some of the features of corporate governance best practice, but that there remains further progress to be made in areas such as independence of directors, compensation, and correlation between shareholding and entitlement to seats on the board. The article recommends legal reforms in order to enhance corporate governance in Jordan.
Implementation of Fuzzy C-Means and Possibilistic C-Means Clustering Algorithms, Cluster Tendency Analysis and Cluster Validation
Authors: Siddique Md. Abu Bakr , Arif Rezoana Bente , Khan Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman , Ashrafi Zahidun
Published: December 2018

In this paper, several two-dimensional clustering scenarios are given. In those scenarios, soft partitioning clustering algorithms (Fuzzy C-means (FCM) and Possibilistic c-means (PCM)) are applied. Afterward, VAT is used to investigate the clustering tendency visually, and then in order of checking cluster validation, three types of indices (e.g., PC, DI, and DBI) were used. After observing the clustering algorithms, it was evident that each of them has its limitations; however, PCM is more robust to noise than FCM as in case of FCM a noise point has to be considered as a member of any of the cluster.
Analysis of Face Stability of Circular Tunnel in Purely Cohesive Soils Driven by Shield
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Ding Wantao , Wang Mingbin
Published: December 2018

Based on the kinematic approach of the limit analysis and slip-line theories, this paper proposes a new 2D analytical model to evaluate the collapse support pressure to ensure the face stability of a circular tunnel in purely cohesive soils driven by a shield. The normality conditions, the yield criterion and the vertical soil arching effect are considered in the analytical model. Two upper bound solutions corresponding to the ratio of the cover to the diameter (C/D) are derived from considering the mechanisms based on the motion of rigid multi-blocks. Comparisons are made with existing upper and lower bound solutions published in previous articles. The results are close to the solutions of practical engineering. The failure mechanisms proposed in this study provide a better explanation for the failure process in the heading of the tunnel face.
Energy Transfer between Ce3+-Dy3+ in Ca2Al2SiO7: Ce3+, Dy3+ Phosphor
Authors: Do Tien , Nguyen Son , Le Tuat , Le Liem
Published: December 2018

Ce3+ and Dy3+ ions doped Ca2Al2SiO7 (CAS) phosphors were prepared by the solid-state reaction at 12800C for 1h. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a tetragonal crystalline structure. The luminescent spectra of CAS: Ce3+, Dy3+ phosphors consist a board band with peaking at 420 nm corresponding to the luminescence of Ce3+ ions and narrow lines of Dy3+ ions. The energy transfer from Ce3+ ion to Dy3+ ion is presented and discussed
Shape-memory Nanofiber Meshes with Programmable Cell Orientation
Authors: Niiyam Eri , Tanabe Kanta , Uto Koichiro , Kikuchi Akihiko , Ebara Mitsuhiro
Published: December 2018

This paper reports a rational design of temperature-responsive nanofiber meshes with shape-memory effect. The meshes were fabricated by electrospinning a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based polyurethane with different contents of soft and hard segments. The effects of PCL diol/hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)/1,4-butanediol (BD) molar ratio in terms of the contents of soft and hard segments on the shape-memory properties were investigated. Although the mechanical property improved with increasing hard segment ratio, optimal shape-memory properties were obtained with a PCL/HDI/BD molar ratio of 1:4:3. At a microscopic level, the original nanofibrous structure was easily deformed into a temporary shape, and recovered its original structure when the sample was reheated. A higher recovery rate (>89%) was achieved even when the mesh was deformed up to 400%. Finally, the nanofiber meshes were used to control the alignment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The hMSCs aligned well along the fiber orientation. The proposed nanofibrous meshes with the shape-memory effect have the potential to serve as in vitro platforms for the investigation of cell functions as well as implantable scaffolds for wound-healing applications.
Analysis of a Novel Single Phase AC-DC CUK Converter with Low Input Current, THD to Improve the Overall Power Quality Using PFC
Authors: Sakib Shadman , Kabir Ahmed Jawad , Khansur Shajal , Rana Jewel
Published: December 2018

In this paper, analysis and design of a novel single phase AC-DC CUK converter circuit has been proposed where Power Factor Correction (PFC) controller scheme has been used in order to obtain better performance than conventional converters. Closed loop technique is applied to the bridgeless converter in order to achieve low input current, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at input AC mains along with near unity power factor. Performance comparison between open loop and closed loop of the proposed converter is made without filtering. The problems arise with open loop is sufficiently minimized by using power factor correction controller. The performance comparison between proposed and conventional CUK AC-DC converter operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) is made based on circuit simulations using PSIM softwere.
An Overview of PV Technology by Analyzing Various MPPT Algorithms, Suitable Converters, Stability & Their Cost Estimation.
Authors: RANA RONAKBHAI ARVINDBHAI , DAS JISHNU , RAGHAVAENDRA GURU , KIM HEE-JE
Published: December 2018

Recently, solar energy is growing as a power source for potential alternative to meet the global demand. Unlike other energy sources such as coal, nuclear, gas and oil, their prices are not only stable, they prevent the harmful side-effects on the environment, being one of the best sources of clean energy (solar energy). This article presents an analysis of the transformation of the static system for the treatment of solar energy using photovoltaic modules. It is designed to generate energy for future generations to be more useful from different parts of the photovoltaic energy conversion system, such as a DC-DC converter, current inverter, maximum power tracking algorithm (MPPT), filter, the stability of a system, etc. The above result will be useful in the improvement of efficiency in photovoltaics structures.
An Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Vertical Scaling of Multidimensional Mixed-Format Tests
Authors: Avcu Akif , Kelecioğlu Hülya
Published: December 2018

This study examined the effect of the structure of a common item set (only
dichotomous common items – mixed-format common item sets), parameter estimation
methods and scale shrinkage on vertical scaling results when multidimensional
datasets were used within the context of Common Item Nonequivalent Group (CINEG)
design. Interactions between these variables were also investigated. The study
was performed using simulated data. Measurement error and bias indexes were
used to evaluate the quality of vertical scaling. All the procedures used in
the data analysis were replicated 50 times to increase the generalizability of
the results. R program was used for the data generation, calibration of the
parameters and vertical scaling procedures. Possible interactions were
investigated with factorial analysis of variance by using SPSS. The results
showed a consistent effect of the common item format in all conditions. In
addition, some interactions between the variables were observed. These findings
are discussed and some recommendations are provided.
Examining Invariant Item Ordering Using Mokken Scale Analysis for Polytomously Scored Items
Authors: KOĞAR Hakan
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study is to identify and
compare the number of items violating the item ordering, the total number of
item pairs causing violation, the test statistics averages and the HT values
of the overall test obtained from three separate Mokken IIO models in the
simulative datasets generated by the graded response model. All the simulation
conditions were comprised of 108 cells: 3 (minimum coefficient of a violation)
x 2 (item discrimination levels) x 3 (sample sizes) x 2 (number of items) x 3
(response categories). MIIO, MSCPM and IT methods were used for data analysis.
When the findings were considered in general, it was found that the MIIO method
yielded the most stable values due to the fact that it was not affected by the
lowest violation coefficient and was affected only slightly by simulation
conditions. Especially in conditions where the violation coefficient was 0.03 (the
default value in the Mokken package), it was recommended to use the MIIO method
in identifying item ordering. Even though the MSCPM method yielded similar
findings to those of the IT method, it generated more stable findings in
particularly high sample sizes. In conditions where sample size, number of
items and item discrimination were high, the MSCPM was recommended to be used.
A aplicação do princípio da reserva do possível às empresas privadas delegatárias prestadoras de serviços públicos essenciais
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria D'Ávila , Lima Gislene Rocha de
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo objetiva, a partir da análise de um caso concreto, discutir a aplicação do princípio da reserva do possível às empresas privadas prestadoras de serviços públicos essenciais. Assim, com auxílio da doutrina e da legislação vigente, analisou-se a decisão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) proferida no Recurso Especial nº 1.245.812 – RS (2011/0046846-8), favorável à continuidade do fornecimento de serviços públicos essenciais para pessoa em situação de vulnerabilidade, mesmo em face da existência de débito junto à empresa prestadora do serviço. Verificou-se que a discussão em torno do princípio da reserva do possível apresenta contornos diferentes em se tratando de empresas privadas prestadoras de serviços públicos. Constatou-se que essa diferença deriva do fato de o ônus da inadimplência ser suportado pelos demais usuários do serviço público, sob a forma de rateio no aumento de tarifas, não havendo, portanto, possibilidade de invocar a reserva do possível para justificar a suspensão do fornecimento desse serviço. Concluiu-se que esse compartilhamento do ônus da inadimplência entre os demais usuários do serviço público essencial, fundamenta-se no princípio constitucional da solidariedade, estando, entretanto, submetido ao princípio do “limite do razoável”.
O controle da Administração Pública pelo Judiciário em tempos de neoconstitucionalismo: os limites do ativismo judicial na concretização dos direitos fundamentais em proteção ao mérito administrativo
Authors: Moura Emerson Affonso da Costa
Published: December 2018

As perspectivas do controle jurisdicional dos atos da Administração Pública à luz das transformações sofridas na teoria constitucional contemporânea é o tema posto em debate. Pretende-se a partir de singela homenagem à capital obra do professor Sergio de Andréa Ferreira “O Controle da Administração Pública pelo Judiciário” verificar em que medida a ascensão de uma nova modelagem teórico-institucional da jurisdição constitucional à luz de promoção dos direitos fundamentais não pode importar em indevido estreitamento do legítimo espaço do mérito administrativo. Para tanto, divide-se o trabalho em três partes, investigando os limites e possibilidades do mérito administrativo à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito, a expansão do controle e ascensão do Poder Judiciário com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o papel da jurisdição constitucional na promoção dos direitos fundamentais, porém, de forma a garantir a proteção do mérito administrativo enquanto irradiação do princípio democrático. Adota-se por metodologia a crítica dialética com esteio precípuo na literatura jurídica pátria e estrangeira. Conclui-se que sob a égide de um Estado Democrático de Direito não compete a jurisdição constitucional à título de proteção dos bens e valores constitucionais, do esvaziamento do princípio majoritário e sua irradiação pela Administração Pública através de sua densificação no mérito administrativo. Ao revés, verifica-se que sob a égide de uma ordem constitucional pluralista, que consagra múltiplos e variados interesses compete na partilha constitucional não ao Poder Judiciário, mas ao Estado-Administração a atribuição de promover a realização dos direitos constitucionais sob pena de esvaziamento do próprio princípio democrático.