bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of heavy‐metal resistant microbes from roadside soil and phylloplane
Authors: Mohamed Rehab M. , Abo‐Amer Aly E.
Published: October 2011

Contamination by heavy metals is one of the major environmental problems in many countries and these contaminants reach from various sources such as traffic cars and other activities. Soil and phylloplane samples were collected from eight traffic and two non‐traffic sites in Sohag city, Egypt. Heavy metal contents of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ of soil and phylloplane samples were determined and revealed high levels of Zn2+ and Pb2+ in traffic samples. A total of 112 bacterial and 62 fungal isolates were obtained from soil and phylloplane. Bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics; and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fungal isolates were identified according to morphological characterization. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ for each isolate were detected. All bacterial and fungal isolates demonstrated resistance to lead with MICs >0.528 mM and >0.211, respectively. Moreover, the maximum MICs of cadmium and zinc for bacteria were 0.821 mM and 1.471 mM, respectively, where as, MICs for fungi were 0.328 mM and 0.588 mM, respectively. The most resistant bacterial and fungal isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa RA65 and Penicillium corylophyllum, respectively. Therefore, P. aeruginosa RA65 was selected for further investigations. Growth curve study showed that 0.264 mM lead had no efficiently effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa RA65. Plasmid isolation evidenced by transformation studies indicated that P. aeruginosa RA65 harbored a single plasmid (∼9.5 kb) which mediated heavy meal resistance. Consequently, these microbial isolates could be potentially used in bioremediation of heavy metal‐contaminated environment. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and properties of poly(butylene succinate): Efficiency of different transesterification catalysts
Authors: Jacquel Nicolas , Freyermouth Floriane , Fenouillot Françoise , Rousseau Alain , Pascault Jean Pierre , Fuertes Patrick , Saint‐Loup René
Published: October 2011

The efficiency of organometal‐ (Ti, Zr, Sn, Hf, and Bi) and metal oxide‐ (Ge and Sb) based catalysts was investigated during the transesterification step of the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). PBS was prepared from succinic acid and 1,4‐butanediol via a two‐stage melt polycondensation process. The catalytic efficiency of the organometal catalysts was as follows: Ti≫Zr∼ Sn>Hf>Sb>Bi. The germanium and antimony metal oxides displayed desirable catalytic efficiency when were associated with hydroxy acids (lactic acid or glycolic acid), which acted as chelating agents. However, this catalytic system exhibited lower efficiency compared to the titanium system. Furthermore, at high concentrations of hydroxy acids the overall transesterification rate decreased. This effect can be explained by the substitution of PBS hydroxyl end groups by a lactic or glycolic unit, both of which are less reactive during the transesterification reaction. The role of catalytic residues during the storage and processing of PBS was also studied. The reduced viscosity of the PBS samples did not vary when processing at 190 °C from 1 to 10 minutes. However, when stored under ambient conditions, all PBS samples were prone to significant hydrolytic degradation, especially those containing a titanium catalyst. This behavior indicates that zirconium‐ and germanium‐based catalysts could be interesting substitutes for titanium‐based catalysts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
End‐group fidelity of copper(0)‐meditated radical polymerization at high monomer conversion: an ESI‐MS investigation
Authors: Nyström Fredrik , Soeriyadi Alexander H. , Boyer Cyrille , Zetterlund Per B. , Whittaker Michael R.
Published: October 2011

Copper(0)‐mediated radical polymerization (single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization) is an efficient polymerization technique that allows control over the polymerization of acrylates, vinyl chloride and other monomers, yielding bromide terminated polymer. In this contribution, we investigate the evolution of the end‐group fidelity at very high conversion both in the presence and in the absence of initially added copper (II) bromide (CuBr2). High resolution electrospray‐ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS) allows determination of the precise chemical structure of the dead polymers formed during the polymerization to very high monomer conversion, including post polymerization conditions. Two different regimes can be identified via ESI‐MS analysis. During the polymerization, dead polymer results mainly from termination via disproportionation, whereas at very high conversion (or in the absence of monomer, that is, post‐polymerization), dead polymers are predominantly generated by chain transfer reactions (presumably to ligand). The addition of CuBr2 significantly reduces the extent of termination by both chain transfer and disproportionation, at very high monomer conversion and under post‐polymerization conditions, offering a convenient approach to maintaining high end‐group fidelity in Cu(0)‐mediated radical polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis of porphyrin‐end‐functionalized polycyclohexane with well‐controlled and defined polymer chain structure
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue , Kanasashi Anna , Tsuchiya Kosuke , Ogino Kenji
Published: October 2011

Tetraphenylporphyrin‐end‐functionalized polycyclohexane (H2TPP‐PCHE) and its metal complexes (MTPP‐PCHE) were synthesized as the first successful example of porphyrin‐end‐functionalized transparent and stable polymers with a well‐controlled and defined polymer chain structure. Chloromethyl‐end‐functionalized poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (CM‐PCHD) was synthesized as prerequisite prepolymer by the postpolymerization reaction of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium and chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane. CM‐end‐functionalized PCHE (CM‐PCHE) was prepared by the complete hydrogenation of CM‐PCHD with p‐toluenesulfonyl hydrazide. H2TPP was incorporated onto the polymer chain end by the addition of 5‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin to CM‐PCHE. The complexation of H2TPP‐PCHE and Zn(OAc)2 (or PtCl2) yielded a zinc (or platinum) complex of H2TPP‐PCHE. H2TPP‐PCHE and MTPP‐PCHE were readily soluble in common organic solvents, and PCHE did not inhibit the optical properties of the H2TPP, ZnTPP, and PtTPP end groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Probing the effects of π–π stacking on the controlled radical polymerization of styrene and fluorinated styrene
Authors: Pickett Phillip D. , Radzinski Scott C. , Tillman Eric S.
Published: October 2011

The addition of the π–π stacking agent octafluorotoluene (OFT) resulted in up to a 50% reduction in monomer conversion after 24 h for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions of styrene, when performed at 85 °C with 1 eq of OFT compared with styrene in the initial reaction mixture. Monitoring the progress showed that the ATRP of styrene in the presence of either OFT or hexafluorobenzene (HFB) maintained a linear relationship between monomer conversion and number average molecular weights, while showing a first order rate dependence on monomer. The effects of π–π stacking on the KATRP could be overcome by using adjusting the redox activity of the metal‐ligand complex while maintaining reaction temperatures of 85 °C. Further experiments showed that nitroxide‐mediated polymerizations of St were affected to an identical extent by the presence of the π–π stacking agent HFB. The ATRP of pentafluorostyrene (PFSt) in the presence of π–π stackers benzene or toluene showed an increase in monomer conversion compared with reactions in their absence, consistent with Mn π–π stacking increasing the stability of the active radical. Interactions between the π–π stacking agents OFT and HFB and the aromatic groups in the ATRP of St or PFSt were verified by 1H NMR analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The effects of a HfO2 buffer layer on Al2O3‐passivated indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Ko Youngbin , Bang Seokhwan , Lee Seungjun , Park Soyeon , Park Joohyun , Jeon Hyeongtag
Published: October 2011

In this study, the effects of a HfO2 buffer layer between an Al2O3 passivation layer and an indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) were investigated to enhance the environmental stability and electrical properties of the IGZO TFT. When applying the HfO2 buffer layer, the formation of HfAlx Oy at the Al2O3/HfO2 interface reduces the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) due to densification of the passivation layer. Consequently, by adding the HfO2 buffer layer, WVTR of the TFT was highly improved; moreover, changes in the electrical characteristics can be prevented compared to both the non‐passivated and Al2O3‐passivated TFTs. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Honey Prophylaxis Reduces the Risk of Endophthalmitis During Perioperative Period of Eye Surgery
Authors: Cernak Martin , Majtanova Nora , Cernak Andrej , Majtan Juraj
Published: October 2011

Endophthalmitis following eye surgery remains a rare but serious complication. Topical fluoroquinolones have been used as prophylactic agents against endophthalmitis. However, the emerging resistance of ocular pathogens to fluoroquinolones may preclude their routine use. Honey, a natural antimicrobial product with wound healing properties, is a promising candidate for the prophylaxis of endophthalmitis. The goal of this study was to determine whether 25% (w/v) honey solution is effective in eradicating bacterial ocular pathogens in the perioperative period in patients scheduled for cataract surgery or vitrectomy, and to compare its efficacy to 0.3% ofloxacin. In this pilot study, 101 patients were randomized to honey (n = 49) or ofloxacin (n = 52) treatment. In both groups, eye drops were administered five times a day for 7 days before and 5 days after surgery. Before administration of the antibacterial agents, 18 and 25 isolates were detected in the ofloxacin and honey group, respectively. After 7 days of administration, four isolates (coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus) were detected in each therapeutic group. No significant difference in antibacterial effect was found between groups. These results indicate that honey may act as a prophylactic agent of endophthalmitis; however, further studies are needed to characterize its ocular penetration properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the image of delicate and complex biological surfaces
Authors: Rosowski J‐ R. , Hoagland K. D. , Roemer S. C. , Lee K. W.
Published: October 2011

An initial thermal evaporative coating with Au/Pd protects delicate biological surfaces from thermal damage caused by diode sputtering, allowing additional coating if necessary by the quicker and more complete sputtering method. Additional coating by either method (1) reduces charging and bright areas, (2) improves the physical stability of entire samples and of delicate cell features, and (3) may provide sharper images at high magnification by reducing subtle specimen drift. Most consistent elimination of charging occurred when 10 nm or more of Au/Pd was sputtered on specimens showing charging when previously coated with 30 nm of Au/Pd by thermal evaporation. Aquatic microcommunities, particularly those laden with silt, were characterized by extensive interstitial space so that adequate electrical conductivity required several additional sputter coatings.
A simple method for making composite anaglyph transparencies for viewing from a single light source
Authors: Pardoe D. L.
Published: October 2011

This paper presents an easy technique that enables one to make composite anaglyph transparencies in any size up to 11 × 14 inches from SEM or TEM negatives. For viewing with an overhead projector, right and left images are printed on separate, fine‐grain positive films, usually 5 × 7 to 8 × 10 inches in size. Standard black and white printing techniques are used throughout. The red and green stereo code is added to the two photographic emulsions with chemical toners. The transparencies are then superimposed, aligned, and presented using an overhead projector. As with other anaglyph processes, red and green spectacles are used for viewing.
On the performance of thermostable electrowetting agents
Authors: Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Shiguo , Lu Xiaojian , Qu Chao , Lu Liujin , Ma Xiangyuan , Zhang Xiaoping , Deng Youquan
Published: October 2011

Electrowetting of ionic liquids (ILs) in different alkane ambient and at different temperatures were studied under different AC voltages. The performance of IL‐based electrowetting at elevated temperatures and that at room temperature was compared. It turns out that the electrowetting of ILs at elevated temperatures resulted in faster response and lower operation voltage. Furthermore, the relationship between the structure of the ion and the contact angle change was specifically investigated and theoretically explained. Finally, the properties of IL‐based electrowetting in different alkane ambient were studied. It was demonstrated that the long length of the alkyl chain guaranteed a smaller contact angle under the same applied voltage. All the experimental results showed attractive features involving wide operating temperatures and in particular high stability, fast response, and good reversibility at elevated temperatures. The performance of IL‐based electrowetting could be further improved through an optimal choice of an ambient phase or a rational design and synthesis of ionic liquids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characteristics and wetting properties of sol–gel coated base paper
Authors: Wang Shaoxia , Mahlberg Riitta , Nikkola Juha , Mannila Juha , Jämsä Saila , Ritschkoff Anne‐Christine , Peltonen Jouko
Published: October 2011

Two hybrid coatings synthesized by using alkoxysilanes as precursors in a sol–gel process, differing from each other in terms of the organic components in alkoxysilanes, have been developed to improve the water repellent properties of base paper. The sol–gel‐coated base paper samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements. The sol–gel coatings were found to clearly change the surface properties of base paper. Thin coating layers were formed on base paper surfaces. The topographical data indicated the formation of discontinuous thin films; the time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that the coatings were covering the fibres but only partially covered the fibre–fibre intersections. Water and the subsequent heat treatment used as a reference treatment reduced the surface roughness and porosity and slightly changed the surface chemistry of the base paper. The wettability and absorptivity of base paper was clearly reduced by the applied coatings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fragment‐based retransmission scheme with quality‐of‐service considerations for wireless networks
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Fu , Tseng Hsueh‐Wen , Pang Ai‐Chun
Published: October 2011

In order to satisfy quality‐of‐service requirements for real‐time multimedia applications over wireless networks, IEEE 802.11e has been proposed to enhance wireless‐access functionalities. In IEEE 802.11e, collisions occur frequently as the system load becomes heavy, and then, the latency for successfully transmitting data is lengthened seriously because of contention, handshaking, and backoff overheads for collision avoidance. In this paper, we propose a fragment‐based retransmission (FBR) scheme with quality‐of‐service considerations for IEEE 802.11e‐based wireless local area networks. Our FBR can be used in all proposed fragmentation‐based schemes and greatly decrease redundant transmission overheads. By utilizing FBR, the retransmission delay will be significantly improved to conform strict time requirements for real‐time multimedia applications. We develop an analytical model and a simulation model to investigate the performance of FBR. The capability of the proposed scheme is evaluated by a series of simulations, for which we have encouraging results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient anonymous communication protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chen Juan , Du Xiaojiang , Fang Binxing
Published: October 2011

Anonymous communication is very important for many wireless sensor networks, because it can be used to hide the identity of important nodes, such as the base station and a source node. In sensor networks, anonymous communication includes several important aspects, such as source anonymity, communication relationship anonymity, and base station anonymity. Existing sensor network anonymous schemes either cannot achieve all the anonymities or have large computation, storage, and communication overheads. In this paper, we propose an efficient anonymous communication protocol for sensor networks that can achieve all the anonymities while having small overheads on computation, storage, and communication. We compare our anonymous communication protocol with several existing schemes, and the results show that our protocol provides strong anonymity protection and has low overheads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Radii and Ionic Volumes, Models in Mutual Comparison Illustrated with Some Examples
Authors: Bronger Welf
Published: October 2011

The comparison of different concepts to approximate ionic radii and volumes (V.M. Goldschmidt, L. Pauling, R.D. Shannon, W. Biltz) reveal their usefulness although they are knowingly based on simple models. Nevertheless, calculations of atomic and ionic volumina based on the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) developed by Bader will prospectively afford deeper insights into bonding situations of compounds from the field of inorganic solid state chemistry.
The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook
Authors: Steel Flora Annie Webster , Gardiner Grace
Published: October 2011

Flora Annie Steel and Grace Gardiner's classic work of Anglo-Indian household life was first published in 1888 and went through ten editions thanks to its great utility. Tailored specifically for the British community in India, the book covers household hints, domestic finances and house management, a glossary of common domestic terms, and a variety of recipes. For readers today, it provides a valuable insight into life in British India, as well as revealing contemporary attitudes to the native Indian people. Steel and Gardiner were witty and well-travelled women of lively intelligence, and the book makes entertaining and accessible, if highly opinionated, reading. Topics covered include the care of domestic and farm animals, clothing and dressmaking, practical cooking tips, camp and missionary life, and how to cope with the idiosyncrasies of the Indian servant. For more information on Steel, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=steefl
Select Letters of Christopher Columbus
Authors: Columbus Christopher
Published: October 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volume 2, published in 1847, consists of letters of Christopher Columbus to the Treasurer of the King and Queen of Spain, describing his first, third and fourth voyages, and a letter from Diego Alvarez Chanca, a royal physician who went on the second voyage and reported his experiences to the town council of Seville. In this edition by R. H. Major, the letters are given in the original Latin and Spanish with an English translation, editor's preface, explanatory notes and index.
Conversations on Political Economy
Authors: Marcet Jane Haldimand
Published: October 2011

Published at a pivotal moment in the economic development of Britain, Conversations on Political Economy (1816) influenced a generation of economists, politicians and intellectuals. Employing her trademark format of dialogues between Mrs. Bryan and her pupil Caroline, Marcet introduces readers to theories surrounding property, population, and the 'condition of the poor'. Despite a target audience of young women, there is little evidence of feminine sentimentality, nor does the author's commitment to female education prevent her from propounding challenging, often controversial arguments; an approach which won her admiration. As one of her avid readers, Anne Romilly wrote, 'those, who like me know very little … are delighted with the knowledge they have acquired'. In fact, the first edition was so well received that a second was called for before the author had time to make corrections. Marcet had become, as one of her obituarists later put it, the 'instructress of a generation'.
History of the Inductive Sciences
Authors: Whewell William
Published: October 2011

A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794–1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 3 first covers the mechanico-chemical sciences, emphasizing the convergence of mechanical and chemical theories in discoveries pertaining to electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics. A section on chemistry surveys Becher and Stahl's phlogiston theory, Lavoisier's theory of oxygen, and Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. The volume also covers mineralogy, botany, zoology, and anatomy.
George Eliot
Authors: Blind Mathilde
Published: October 2011

George Eliot's first biographer, Mathilde Blind (1841–1896), was herself a poet and writer. Born in Germany, Blind moved with her family to London when she was still a child, and it was there that she established her literary reputation, writing poetry, essays, biographies, and a novel. In 1883, three years after Eliot's death, Blind's George Eliot was published. It is the first full-length biography of Eliot; while biographical articles about her had appeared in 1881, Blind's work corrected mistakes and enlarged the knowledge of Eliot's early life. Indeed, what sets her biography apart is the extent of private sources that Blind sought out, returning to Eliot's home and engaging with family and friends to accrue extensive information hitherto unknown to the public. Organized first around her personal life and latterly around her works, this biography will interest Eliot scholars, students of nineteenth-century criticism, and scholars of feminism.
Kaye's and Malleson's History of the Indian Mutiny of 1857–8
Authors: Kaye John , Malleson George Bruce
Published: October 2011

This six-volume History of the Indian Mutiny was first produced in 1890 by Colonel George Malleson (1825–1898), who combined Sir John Kaye's History of the Sepoy War in India with his own later work. Kaye (1814–1876) was a prolific writer of biography and history who started the Calcutta Review in 1844. His use of first-hand evidence, collected from personal and professional contacts, supports (perhaps predictably) his assertion that the rebellion is a story of British 'national character', and the narrative is illustrated with biographical and personal anecdotes. Malleson's contributions however are derived from his controversial 'Red Pamphlet' (1857) and other writings, in which he is unafraid to criticise or praise British troops and administration as the occasion demands. Volume 1 contains the first three books, covering introductory remarks on political, military and religious history; a description of the Sepoy army; and the outbreak of the Mutiny.
Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840–1844
Authors: Schomburgk Richard
Published: October 2011

Richard Schomburgk (1811–1891) accompanied his brother Robert Hermann Schomburgk on his mission to survey the boundary of British Guiana (his account is also reissued in this series). Richard was commissioned by the Prussian government to find new flora, fauna and ethnographical specimens for the Berlin Botanic Gardens and the royal museums. The publication in 1847–1848 in Germany of this three-volume account of the expedition was supported by Alexander von Humboldt, who was a close friend. The third volume epecially was considered a major taxonomical work. Schomburgk contracted yellow fever, and found the preservation and transportation of his specimens difficult in the climate, many perishing before they got to Germany. Schomburgk later emigrated to Australia, becoming director of the Botanic Garden, Adelaide. Volume 2 includes studies of the customs and languages of native tribes, and further explorations.
An Essay on the Government of Dependencies
Authors: Lewis George Cornewall
Published: October 2011

Sir George Cornewall Lewis (1806–1863) was a British politician and scholar. Lewis was called to the Bar in 1833, but turned from law to politics, entering the House of Commons in 1847. He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1850, and Home Secretary in 1859. This volume, first published in 1841, contains Lewis' discussion of the political interaction between a dependent government and its superior government. Focusing on the dependent government as a political institution rather than as a colony with economic assets, Lewis explores the distinctions between the two types of government and the ways in which a dependent government may be formed, discussing in detail the advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement to both the dependent and the superior government. This volume was the first published work on this subject, and provides a valuable example of nineteenth-century British Liberal political theory.
Reflections on the Origins and Destiny of Imperial Britain
Authors: Cramb J. A.
Published: October 2011

John Adam Cramb (1862–1913) was a Scottish historian and novelist, best known for his fervent patriotism and support of compulsory national service. After graduating from the University of Glasgow in 1885, he served as Lecturer in Modern History at Queen Margaret College, Glasgow, between 1885–1890 and was appointed Professor of Modern History at Queen's College, London, in 1893. This volume, first published in 1900, contains Cramb's assessment of the future of the British Empire. A fervent patriot who was writing in response to the Second Boer War in South Africa, Cramb uses historical examples of British wars to justify the Second Boer War, arguing that the mission of the British Empire was to spread democratic ideals. Cramb warns of the threat of foreign powers to the Empire and recommends compulsory military training to combat this threat. This volume provides a valuable example of Edwardian imperialist and nationalist thought.
Travels to the Source of the Missouri River
Authors: Lewis Meriwether , Clark William
Published: October 2011

The Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804–1806 across America from Pittsburg to the Pacific and back was the third recorded transcontinental journey. President Jefferson had negotiated the Louisiana Purchase of over two million square kilometres from the French in 1803, and the aim of the expedition was to investigate the territory involved. He commissioned a Corps of Discovery as a scientific and military expedition to survey the acquisition, appointing his aide Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) to lead it. It was hoped to discover that the Missouri and other rivers could be used for transcontinental communication and transport, and to assess the natural resources of the area. Some of the party returned east with specimens, reports and a map, while the remainder reached the Pacific in December 1805. Volume 3 covers the return journey, during which Lewis and Clark separated to survey more of the tributaries of the Missouri.
The History of the Maroons
Authors: Dallas Robert Charles
Published: October 2011

Born in Jamaica, Robert Charles Dallas (1754–1824) was prolific author in a variety of genres, dedicating all of his work to 'the defence of society and reason against Jacobinism and confusion', having been forced to leave his residence in France by the Revolution. Despite 'an ardent tendency in my heart to disapprove the slave-trade', The History of the Maroons, published in 1803, offered a qualified acceptance of the institution of slavery in a fallen world, and addressed criticisms of planters' behaviour and the government's conduct against the rebellious Jamaican Maroons - runaway slaves who formed their own communities in the West Indies. They settled the mountainous inland areas of Jamaica and resisted assimilation by the British; two Maroon Wars were fought in the eighteenth century. They were deported by the British to Canada and then to Sierra Leone, but many returned to Jamaica, where they remain.
Observations on Fevers and Other Diseases
Authors: Robertson Robert
Published: October 2011

Robert Robertson (1742–1829) was a Scottish doctor and surgeon. After completing his medical apprenticeship, Robertson joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon's mate in 1760. In 1768 he was appointed surgeon to the sloop Diligence, and served as surgeon on various ships in the West Indies, North America and west Africa until 1783. He was appointed surgeon to the Royal Hospital, Greenwich in 1793. This volume, first published in 1792, contains Robertson's detailed observations of malarial and yellow fever, dysentery and other diseases which he encountered while serving as surgeon in the West Indies. Robertson describes in detail the symptoms and progression of these diseases, his treatments and the outcomes, as recorded in his monthly reviews of the ships' sick lists and many detailed case histories of his patients. This volume provides valuable information concerning the treatment of common diseases and conditions on board late eighteenth-century naval ships.
A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Lecky William Edward Hartpole
Published: October 2011

W. E. H. Lecky (1838–1903) was one of the most distinguished Victorian historians. He was unusual in the extent to which he made use of archival sources, and noted for his ability of do justice to both sides of an argument. His History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century was first published as part of A History of England in the Eighteenth Century, but was reissued in 1892 as a five-volume work. He has been described as the first revisionist Irish historian, as the aim of the book was partly to respond to Froude's The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, which is markedly anti-Irish in its sentiments. Lecky was no nationalist, and opposed Home Rule, but wanted to provide a more truthful and balanced narrative, and his account of the United Irishmen and the events of 1798 was highly regarded. Volume 1 covers the period to 1760.
Chronological Notes of Scottish Affairs, from 1680 till 1701
Authors: Lauder John
Published: October 2011

John Lauder, 2nd Lord Fountainhall (1646–1722) was a Scottish judge who opposed the Union of England and Scotland, and a perceptive observer of political affairs. His large collection of legal opinions and papers, particularly relating to the Privy Council of Scotland, is still consulted today. Chronological Notes of Scottish Affairs, from 1680 till 1701 was edited in 1822 by Sir Walter Scott, and deals with the short reign of James II and accession of William and Mary. Insertions by an earlier owner of the manuscript give the text a more aggressively Jacobite flavour than Lauder in fact felt, as his loyalty to the House of Stuart was tempered by his Presbyterianism and concerns about James' pro-Catholic policies. Lauder's career flourished under William and Mary despite his preserving his independence of party dictates, and his writings give an insight into educated Scottish Presbyterian attitudes to the 'Glorious Revolution'.
The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington
Authors: Wellesley Arthur
Published: October 2011

Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852), the first Duke of Wellington, was one of the most successful military figures of the early nineteenth century. After fighting in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war in India, his successes during the Peninsular War (1809–1814) and his victory at the Battle of Waterloo (1815) established his reputation as a brilliant military tactician. These volumes, first published between 1834 and 1839, contain the letters, dispatches, instructions and general military orders Wellington wrote throughout his military career. Edited by his private secretary, Colonel John Gurwood (1790–1845), they offer a wealth of fascinating details concerning Wellington's campaigns in India and Europe, from mundane administrative tasks to discussions of tactics, personnel and intelligence-gathering. These volumes are reissued from the 1844 revised edition, and provide invaluable information for the study of warfare during this period. Volume 4 covers his Peninsular campaigns between 1810 and 1811.
History of Europe during the French Revolution
Authors: Alison Archibald
Published: October 2011

Archibald Alison (1792–1867) was a Scottish historian with a particular interest in the French Revolution. He wrote from a deeply conservative standpoint and was a fierce opponent of the 1832 Reform Act. Although mocked by Disraeli in Coningsby as 'Mr Wordy', he wrote works which became bestsellers in the nineteenth century. This ten-volume History of Europe during the French Revolution, published between 1833 and 1842, regarded the French Revolution as the origin of all that was wrong with modern Europe. Alison feared that while Britain had escaped revolution in 1789, democratic reform could still lead to anarchy, as in the French July Revolution of 1830. Although criticised by Acton and J. S. Mill for his methodology, Alison has more recently been studied by scholars for insights into nineteenth-century historiography. Volume 4 covers the period of the Consulate from 1799 until Napoleon's coronation as Emperor in December 1804.
Memoirs of the Marchioness de La Rochejaquelein
Authors: Marquise de La Rochejaquelein Marie-Louise-Victoire
Published: October 2011

Marie-Louise Victoire de Donnissan, Marquise de la Rochejaquelein (1772–1857) was brought up at Versailles, a god-daughter to Louis XVI. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, she married her cousin, the Marquis de Lescure. After the execution of the king, she accompanied Lescure to La Vendée where a Royalist insurrection was waged from 1793 to 1796. Widowed in 1793, she later married Lescure's cousin, Louis, Marquis de La Rochejacquelein, brother of one of the Royalist leaders. Her memoir, first published in 1815 and translated and reprinted many times, remains one of the most authentic records of this period. Although understandably partisan, she reports atrocities carried out by both sides with great immediacy. This reissue is taken from the 1827 Edinburgh edition, with a preface by Sir Walter Scott. Scott draws parallels between the Vendéen insurrection and the civil war in Scotland waged by the Covenanters.
Lives of the Queens of Scotland and English Princesses
Authors: Strickland Agnes , Strickland Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

Agnes Strickland (1796–1874) and her sister Elizabeth collaborated on many biographical projects. They were pioneering historical biographers and key figures in the development of women's history. Writing from a female perspective, they included coverage of domestic matters that male historians had previously ignored. Although much of the work is Elizabeth's, she preferred to avoid publicity and her sister Agnes appeared as the sole author. This eight-volume series (originally published between 1850 and 1859) was the sequel to their hugely popular Lives of the Queens of England and allowed Agnes to indulge her passionate interest in Mary, Queen of Scots, to whom Volumes 3–7 are devoted. Volume 7 (1858) documents the last few years of Mary's life, during which she was imprisoned in England and finally executed in 1587. Thoroughly researched and referenced, it describes both the personal and political aspects of Mary's experiences.
Correspondence of Josiah Wedgwood
Authors: Wedgwood Josiah
Published: October 2011

Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795) was a master potter who pioneered the industrialisation of pottery manufacture during the early Industrial Revolution. His experimental work on ceramics resulted in many innovations in the production and decoration of pottery. This three-volume work, edited by his great-granddaughter Katherine Eufemia Farrer and first published between 1903 and 1906, contains Wedgwood's letters to his business partner, the Liverpool merchant Thomas Bentley (1730–1780). Wedgwood's highly successful partnership with Bentley is credited with the expansion and development of Wedgwood's reputation across Europe. The letters cover the years 1762 to 1794 and provide a lively account both of the growth of the business partnership and of Wedgwood's domestic life. Wedgwood and Bentley also maintained a keen interest in current affairs, and these volumes provide a fascinating glimpse into the society and domestic life of the late eighteenth century. Volume 1 covers 1762–1772.
The Elements and Practice of Rigging, Seamanship, and Naval Tactics
Authors: Steel David
Published: October 2011

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His publications focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques. This influential four-volume work, first published in 1794, was the first comprehensive English manual of best naval practice. Designed for aspiring young officers, it established Steel's reputation as a publisher. The book describes theoretical and practical aspects of masts, rigging, and sails, and the science of sailing. The combination of practical advice supported by scientific and mathematical explanations and numerous illustrations provides valuable insights into British seamanship during the Napoleonic wars. Volume 3, reissued here in the 1806 edition, explains the terminology of rigging, and describes methods of rigging different types of ship.
Memoirs of Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Esq
Authors: Edgeworth Richard Lovell , Edgeworth Maria
Published: October 2011

Richard Lovell Edgeworth (1744–1817) was a noted Irish educationalist, engineer and inventor. This two-volume autobiography, begun in 1808, was published in 1820. Edgeworth had abandoned the project in 1809, having covered the period to 1781, and it was completed after his death by his eldest daughter, a successful novelist. Maria Edgeworth and her father had co-authored educational works, and the experience of helping her father run their estate during her teens had provided material for her novels. Volume 2 of these memoirs was wholly written by her, though it contains excerpts from Richard's correspondence. It recounts how, after his third marriage, the growing family returned to Ireland, and focused first on domestic and educational concerns. Richard became involved in Irish politics and the newly founded Royal Irish Academy but continued to publish essays on scientific and mechanical topics, as well as influential (though controversial) works on education.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone
Authors: Morley John
Published: October 2011

Morley's authorised biography of Gladstone (1809–1898) was published in 1903, and is a landmark of political biography. Four times Liberal Prime Minister between 1868 and 1894, Gladstone had left an enormous archive of letters, papers and diaries, which Morley (1838–1923), himself a noted Liberal politician and writer, spent five years distilling into three volumes. Although many other biographies and editions have since been published, Morley's work is still valuable for his use of primary sources, especially for the earlier part of Gladstone's career. Morley avoids overt party bias, but is understandably discreet in his treatment of more recent political events. He also ignores more private aspects of his subject's life and, as an agnostic, did not empathise with Gladstone's strong religious convictions. Volume 2 covers the period 1859–1880, during which he served as Chancellor and as Prime Minister, and controversially disestablished the Anglican church in Ireland.
The Life of Richard Cobden
Authors: Morley John
Published: October 2011

Richard Cobden (1804–1865) was a manufacturer and Liberal politician, campaigning for the repeal of the Corn Laws, and for a free market economy. His laissez-faire views on protectionism and the role of government intervention in economics had a lasting influence on British politics throughout the twentieth century as the antithesis of socialism. This Life, first published in 1881, set new standards for biographical documentation. Morley had the advantage of having not only Cobden's journals and letters to use, but access to those of many of his friends and political associates. Volume 1 considers his early life and the beginnings of his political involvement, then dealing in great detail with the Anti-Corn Law League. Morley examines the state of society in the 1840s, Cobden's role in the campaign, and particularly his influence on Sir Robert Peel. Cobden believed free trade was essential to equality and social progress.
Quantifiers, Propositions and Identity
Authors: Goldblatt Robert
Published: October 2011

Many systems of quantified modal logic cannot be characterised by Kripke's well-known possible worlds semantic analysis. This book shows how they can be characterised by a more general 'admissible semantics', using models in which there is a restriction on which sets of worlds count as propositions. This requires a new interpretation of quantifiers that takes into account the admissibility of propositions. The author sheds new light on the celebrated Barcan Formula, whose role becomes that of legitimising the Kripkean interpretation of quantification. The theory is worked out for systems with quantifiers ranging over actual objects, and over all possibilia, and for logics with existence and identity predicates and definite descriptions. The final chapter develops a new admissible 'cover semantics' for propositional and quantified relevant logic, adapting ideas from the Kripke–Joyal semantics for intuitionistic logic in topos theory. This book is for mathematical or philosophical logicians, computer scientists and linguists.
The Perfect Way
Authors: Kingsford Anna Bonus
Published: October 2011

Anna Kingsford (1846–1888) published her first book at the age of 13. A passionate anti-vivisectionist, she also championed womens' rights and vegetarianism. Leaving behind her husband and daughter, she travelled to France to study medicine, accompanied by the writer Edward Maitland. The pair shared a fascination with the spiritual and became leading members of the Theosophical and Hermetic societies. This book, first published anonymously in 1882, is a collection of lectures on theosophical topics delivered to a private audience in summer 1881. It explores the basis of all religions, the nature of the soul, spiritualism and the feminine aspect of the divine, and also discusses blood sacrifice, vegetarianism, pantheism and the teachings of the Kabbalah and the Bhagavad Gita. The author hoped this wide-ranging study of allegories, symbols and myths would 'restore and rehabilitate the truth', reconciling mind and heart, religion and science, and promoting liberty and reason.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Authors: Douglass Frederick
Published: October 2011

Frederick Douglass (c.1818–1895) was born into slavery but escaped in 1838, quickly becoming involved in the abolitionist movement. Following publication in 1845 of this autobiography he risked recognition and recapture by his owner, and so fled the United States. This reissue is of the Dublin edition of 1845, with a preface by Douglass explaining his reasons for his journey to Britain. Opening with a touching explanation of how he doesn't know his birthday, Douglass describes his early life and the growing awareness of the injustices he suffered. The beatings he witnessed and received himself are described in painful detail. Later, Douglass highlights the hypocrisy of the 'slaveholding religion of this land', condemning it as 'the grossest of libels'. The eloquence of the writing, with an immediacy and honesty found shocking at the time, make this an invaluable first-hand record of one of humanity's most shameful acts.
Cock Lane and Common-Sense
Authors: Lang Andrew
Published: October 2011

Written by folklorist Andrew Lang (1844–1912), this 1894 publication examines the ambivalent relationship the living have attempted to forge with the dead throughout history. Nicknamed 'the Wizard of St Andrews', this prolific polymath also worked as an anthropologist, classicist, historian, poet, mythologist, essayist and journalist, producing over a hundred publications in his lifetime. Largely ignored by scholarship, this book suggests expanding the study of folklore to include contemporary narratives of supernatural events. Taking its title from the legends of the notorious Cock Lane ghost, the work considers the survival of ancient beliefs such as hauntings, clairvoyance, and other phenomena believed to transcend the laws of nature, and how such beliefs have persisted through great social upheaval and change. It includes chapters on savage and ancient spiritualism, comparative psychical research, haunted houses, second sight, crystal gazing, and Presbyterian ghost hunters, among others.
International Taxation of Permanent Establishments
Authors: Kobetsky Michael
Published: October 2011

The effects of the growth of multinational enterprises and globalization in the past fifty years have been profound, and many multinational enterprises, such as international banks, now operate around the world through branches known as permanent establishments. The business profits article (Article 7) of the OECD model tax treaty attributes a multinational enterprise's business profits to a permanent establishment in a host country for tax purposes. Michael Kobetsky analyses the principles for allocating the profits of multinational enterprises to permanent establishments under this article, explains the shortcomings of the current arm's length principle for attributing business profits to permanent establishments and considers the alternative method of formulary apportionment for allocating business profits.
Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution
Authors: Friis Else Marie , Crane Peter R. , Pedersen Kaj Raunsgaard
Published: October 2011

The recent discovery of diverse fossil flowers and floral organs in Cretaceous strata has revealed astonishing details about the structural and systematic diversity of early angiosperms. Exploring the rich fossil record that has accumulated over the last three decades, this is a unique study of the evolutionary history of flowering plants from their earliest phases in obscurity to their dominance in modern vegetation. The discussion provides comprehensive biological and geological background information, before moving on to summarise the fossil record in detail. Including previously unpublished results based on research into Early and Late Cretaceous fossil floras from Europe and North America, the authors draw on direct palaeontological evidence of the pattern of angiosperm evolution through time. Synthesising palaeobotanical data with information from living plants, this unique book explores the latest research in the field, highlighting connections with phylogenetic systematics, structure and the biology of extant angiosperms.