bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear, Stress and Stigma of Covid-19 among Indian Dental Practitioners
Authors: Bagde Ruchika , Dandekeri Shilpa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus pandemic has impacted the lives and well-being of all people around the globe. Dental practitioners are at a high risk of catching infection. This situation has brought risk of death from infection along with unbearable psychological pressure. Therefore, this study was done to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of dental practitioners. METHODS A survey was conducted amongst 265 dental practitioners using snowball sampling technique, collecting basic demographic data, practice setting and relevant data. Psychological stress was collected through Covid-19 Peri-traumatic Distress Index (CPDI). General self-efficacy scale (GSE) was used to measure the self-efficacy of dental surgeons. Pearson correlation between the distress levels and self-efficacy scores were calculated. RESULTS Nearly 3.7 % respondent’s score was indicative of low distress. 30.18 % of the respondents’ scores suggested moderate distress, and 65.6 % of the respondents’ scores were indicating severe distress. Mean self-efficacy was found out to be 22.06 (standard deviation = 4.71). Those with greater self-efficacy scores reported less distress, showing a moderate negative correlation, with a Pearson coefficient of - 0.1406, which was statistically significant (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study interprets the relationship between factors associated with Covid-19 and elevated psychological distress among dentists. There was a negative correlation between distress and self-efficacy of dentists. Stressors such as greater risk of infection for dentists, lockdown, falling economy and liabilities, social media, lead to anxiety, fear, and strong emotions. Dentists should be provided with broader understanding of mental health and the methods for enhancing the self-efficacy of dentists should be implemented. Professional help can be provided by the government to health workers for their mental well-being. Tele dentistry can be practiced in the pandemic to minimize the risk of infection. KEY WORDS Novel coronavirus, Dental Practitioners, Psychological Stress, Stressors, Economy
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception about Biostatistics among Health Researchers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nayak Prathibha Anand , Aljohani Esraa Hamdan , Ali Maram Abdulhabib , Fatihi Badriah Khalid , Alzubedy Norah Abdullah , Nayak Ullal Anand
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND The principles and methods of biostatistics have gained importance in various fields including dentistry and medicine. The health researchers must have adequate knowledge and understanding of biostatistics to overcome the associated dilemmas in concluding the statistical data. The present study was planned to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception of biostatistics among health researchers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was questionnaire based and was conducted among 251 health researchers in Saudi Arabia. A convenience method of sampling was followed during the 2 months study period from 15. 08. 2020 to 15. 10. 2020. A pre-validated questionnaire was used that consisted of questions related to the knowledge, attitude and perception of biostatistics. A chi-square test was used to find the significance of study parameters and the level of significance chosen was 5 %. RESULTS Gender, nationality, or qualification of participants did not show any statistically significant differences with regards to their knowledge, attitude, or perception about biostatistics. The years of experience of the faculty showed statistically significant differences in their ability to interpret the results using statistical methods [P = 0.002], ability to choose a particular test to answer research question [P = 0.024], ability to design their projects [P = 0.02], and forming opinions / making decisions in health care using statistical information [P = 0.001]. Nursing and dental faculty were able to design their research projects significantly better when compared to other groups. Faculty of Pharmacy, nursing, and dentistry more frequently used statistical information to form opinions or make decisions in health care when compared to those from the Medical program. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a medium level of knowledge as well as awareness about the importance of statistics in research and indicated a great motivation for further training with an emphasis on teaching and learning biostatistics during undergraduate / postgraduate education. KEY WORDS Biostatistics, Interpret Results, Health Researchers
An Awareness Survey on the Prevention of Covid-19 Infection at the Orthodontic Office
Authors: Sreedharan Anusha , Dhayananth L. Xavier , Faizee Shahul Hameed , Nambi Navaneetha , Clement Evan A.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Covid-19 pandemic has created a havoc all over the world. In the view of orthodontists, the lockdown has brought financial, emotional, and professional restrain. In order to restart the practice, we need to have a sound knowledge on the guidelines issued by the authorities. We wanted to assess the knowledge of SARS - CoV-2 infection, its impact on orthodontists and their understanding of the sanitation protocols in this study. METHODS 500 orthodontic practitioners and postgraduates who reside in India participated in the study through an online questionnaire. Intergroup comparison was made among postgraduates (PG), private practitioners (PP), both in private practice and academic institutions (PA). RESULTS 500 forms were completed and returned. The results were categorized into 3 sections - Knowledge on SARS-CoV-2, impact of Covid-19 on orthodontic practice and sanitation of the operatory. The study revealed the awareness of the infection among orthodontists at various levels of practice and their attentiveness in following Covid-19 protocol. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic practitioners are very much aware of the seriousness of Covid-19 infection, method of spread, and its impact and sanitation protocols. Academic practitioners are more informed about the gravity of Covid-19 infection while private practitioners are robust in maintaining the sanitation standards of their operatories. KEY WORDS Orthodontist, Covid-19, Sanitation, Practitioner
Seasonal Pattern of Peptic Ulcer Perforation in Central Anatolia
Authors: Dal Fatih , Topal Ugur
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported seasonal variations in peptic ulcer disease (PUD), but only few large-scale, population-based studies have been conducted in this regard. In this study, we wanted to present the seasonal relationship of peptic ulcer perforation admissions, seasonal variation of its incidence, modes of surgical management, the seasonal distribution of postoperative severe complications and the patient outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients hospitalized for peptic ulcer perforation between 1st January 2008 and 1st January 2020 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative complication status as Group1 - Clavien Dindo < 3 and Group 2 - Clavien Dindo > 3. Age, gender and seasonal periods were compared. In addition, patients were divided into three groups according to age as 18 – 40 yrs., 40 - 60 yrs. and over 60 yrs. The gender and complication status of the patients were also evaluated in seasonal groups. RESULTS 135 patients participated in our study. Group 1 constituted of 107 patients and Group 2 constituted of 28 patients. Admission to the hospital due to peptic ulcer perforation was most common in spring (29.6 %) and summer (29.6 %). Twenty - eight patients had Clavien - Dindo 3 or more complications. The mean age was higher in Group 2 (70.78 vs 50.2 P : 0.001) as well as female gender dominancy (60.7 % vs 29.9 %). In Group 2 winter months were more frequent (46,5 % vs 21.5 %); however, there was no significant difference between the seasons and the complication groups. In Group 2, female gender was more common in winter (21.7 % vs 69.2 % P:0.005) and autumn season (31.3 % vs 100 % P : 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found an increased incidence of peptic ulcer perforation in spring and summer. For patients at higher risk, an appropriate pharmacological treatment can be arranged to reduce the risk of perforation during the risky season. KEY WORDS Peptic Ulcer Disease, Seasonal Change, Complication
Psychological Stress in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic in Diabetic Population of Nagpur, India - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mankar Jidnyasa , Gupta Madhur , Kasulkar Arti Ajay
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND The global health care system has been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns have been imposed to stop the virus from spreading. Due to rapid spread of corona virus, citizens are facing fear, anxiety, and depression directly affecting their mental health. Adults having poor health are at a higher risk of being infected. This situation has created a stressful atmosphere and resulted in the development of many psychological problems in individuals. Those having pre-existing conditions or co-morbidities have higher mortality risk as compared to healthy individuals. Hence, the issue is more common in people having co-morbidities, with diabetes mellitus being one common among them. We wanted to study the psychological impact mainly stress in diabetic population residing in rural setup in this era of Covid-19 outbreak. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 diagnosed diabetic patients attending outpatient department of Rural Health Training Centre affiliated to the tertiary care hospital. The collected data was entered and also analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient. RESULTS Approximately half (51.96 %) of the participants reported a stress of moderate level during Covid-19 with mean ± SD (20.07 ± 3.83), overall mean was (21.55 ± 8.67) and the variation coefficient was 40.22%. The variance in stress level in diabetics with HbA1c levels of less than 6 %, 6 – 8 % and > 8 % depicting the various levels of control of diabetes was 39.36, 40.84 and 40.50 respectively. Similarly the variance coefficient among stress was 42.39, 41.34, 34.65 and 32.12 % when the duration of diabetes was compared in the respondents indicating that the stress level was widely distributed amongst all the participants. CONCLUSIONS Strategies need to be implemented to take care of mental health in diabetic patients especially in this Covid pandemic era. KEY WORDS Stress, COVID-19 Pandemic, Diabetes Mellitus, Rural Population
The Role of Paternal Age and Occurrence of Orofacial Clefts in South Indian Population
Authors: Samuel Soumi , B. Rajendra Prasad , Chandran Thara , Deepak Deeyah Miriam , Thomas Shaji , Mistry Freddy
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND The association between orofacial cleft and parental age is evident. This study focuses on paternal age playing a vital role in the birth of children with orofacial clefts. We wanted to assess the role of paternal age as a factor in the development of congenital anomalies in this study. METHODS A case control study was performed on 1000 cases and 250 controls in Mangalore. The parents were interviewed regarding their age at the time of conception. RESULTS 46.4 % of fathers of the cleft children belonged to 30 - 34 years of age group and 25 % belonged to 25 - 29 years of age group at the time of conception. In the control group, 38 % belonged to 30 - 34 years of age group and 24.8 % belonged to 25 - 29 years of age group. CONCLUSIONS Paternal age in the age group of 30 - 34 years has significant contribution in the birth of orofacial children with cleft deformities. KEY WORDS Orofacial cleft, Paternal Age, Congenital anomalies
Teaching Strategies during the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Review
Authors: Patil Deepa Jatti
Published: August 2021

The Covid pandemic transformed the teaching methodologies in dental education. The classes had to be conducted online and teaching methods had to be modified to suit the dental curriculum. Novel teaching methodologies were devised following the basic principles of Blooms taxonomy. The teaching methodologies have to be effective and incorporate the latest information technology methods. The advancements in technology and availability of internet resources have facilitated online learning. Various platforms are available for teaching and disseminating knowledge. Learning has transformed from the traditional Didactic teaching to flipped class rooms and blended learning. As the pandemic is progressing there is deficiency of health care workers and resources. In spite of this the medical teaching has to continue to fill the gap. Oral Medicine and Radiology is an important subject in the dental curriculum and a bridge between medicine and dentistry. This manuscript reviews the various teaching methodologies employed in the Oral Medicine and Radiology curriculum during this pandemic. This review also highlights the importance of technology and simulation-based learning to enhance the clinical skills of the students. KEY WORDS Covid Pandemic, Online Learning, Flipped Classroom, Information Communication Technology, Blended Learning, Online Patient Simulation, Adaptive Tutorials
Fixed Functional Appliances
Authors: Toshniwal Nandalal Girijalal , Katkade Pooja Changdev , Mani Shubhangi Amit , Mote Nilesh
Published: August 2021

Considering the large number of fixed functional appliances, choosing the best device for your patient is not an easy task. To describe the development of fixed functional appliances as well as our 20-year experience working with them. Fixed functional appliances are grouped into flexible, rigid and hybrid. They are different appliances, whose action is described here. Four clinical cases will be reported with a view in illustrating the different appliances. Rigid fixed functional appliances provide better skeletal results than flexible and hybrid ones. Flexible and hybrid appliances have similar effects to those produced by class II elastics. They ultimately correct class II with dentoalveolar changes. From a biomechanical standpoint, fixed functional appliances are more recommended to treat class II in dolichofacial patients, in comparison to class II elastics. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of masticatory muscles was monitored longitudinally with chronically implanted EMG electrodes to determine whether functional appliances produce a change in postural EMG activity of the muscles. Pre-appliance and post-appliance EMG levels in four experiments that had been fitted with functional appliances were compared against the background of EMG levels in controls without appliances. The insertion of two types of functional appliance to induce mandibular protrusion was associated with a decrease in postural EMG activity of the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid, superficial masseter, and anterior digastric muscles; the decrease in the first three muscles was statistically significant. This decreased postural EMG activity persisted for approximately 6 weeks, with a gradual return towards pre-appliance levels during a subsequent 6-week period of observation. Progressive mandibular advancement of 1.5 to 2 mm every 10 to 15 days did not prevent the decrease in postural EMG activity. KEY WORDS Orthodontics, Class II Malocclusion, Fixed Functional Appliance.
Intranasal Eruption of an Impacted Supernumerary - A Case Report
Authors: Saleh Eman Bin , Philip Manju
Published: August 2021

Supernumeraries erupting in ectopic regions are one of the commonly found anomalies of orofacial region.1 The mesiodens, being located between the maxillary central incisors is the most common supernumerary tooth.2,3 But impacted mesiodens erupting into nasal cavity is a rare finding. We are detailing an instance of an inverted impacted mesiodens in the nasopalatine canal of an adult patient with encroachment on the nasal floor diagnosed as an incidental finding in panoramic radiograph. Intranasal tooth in adults is reported rare in the literature. Although surgical removal is advised generally on diagnosis of impacted mesiodens, we stress the importance of periodic monitoring of such cases which adds significantly to the patient wellbeing, function and aesthetics. There are few published case reports and most of the cases reported in the literature are in children which prompt for immediate removal upon its recognition. A supernumerary tooth that erupts ectopically into the nasal cavity is referred to as an intranasal tooth. Its occurrence rate is low with only 0.1 to 1 % people being affected from the community.4 The aetiology of intranasal tooth stays undefined. Supernumerary teeth may develop from the region of the nasal cavity as a result of a damage caused by an injury, rhinogenic maxillary sinusitis, a dental disease, oral blisters, obstructed path of dental eruption, and disruption of developmental tissue in the palatine gap.4 The potential complications that can arise due to nasal eruption of tooth are perforation of nasal septum, naso-oral fistula and aspergillosis4. The probable dental complications include midline diastema (17.6 %), late eruption of the permanent incisors (38.8 %), axial rotation of the permanent incisors (16.4 %), root resorption of the neighbouring teeth (4.7 %),5 cyst formation, 6 and infection.1 A team approach with inclusion of disciplines in medicine and dentistry is necessary for planning and execution of an appropriate treatment method in order to prevent complications related to inadvertent surgical entry into vital structures.
Anomalous Facial Nerve in a Case of Atticoantral Chronic Otitis Media with Mastoid Abscess
Authors: Sandbhor Ajinkya Maruti , Deshmukh Prasad T. , Gaurkar Sagar Shankarrao , Saini Arjun
Published: August 2021

An 18 years old female patient came to emergency medicine department on 3rd July 2020 in the evening hours with massive swelling extending in front, above and behind left ear. Associated with severe, throbbing, intermittent headache since past 4 days patient also had high grade fever. Patient also had a history of left ear foul smelling discharge, scanty in amount, non-blood tinged, not aggravated or relieved with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), not relieved with medications and not associated with giddiness. Clinical examination revealed a swelling in left preauricular region extending to temporoparietal region displacing left pinna downwards and outwards. Bilateral periorbital swelling was present (Figure 2, 3). Mastoid tenderness was conspicuous. Whitish foul smelling, non-blood-tinged discharge was present in left external auditory meatus. Further ear examination was not possible due to oedema, swelling and thick discharge in external auditory canal (EAC). In view of extensive swelling with its epicenter in mastoid region, left unsafe chronic otitis media (COM) with complication was suspected and was admitted to ENT ward. General investigations were normal except leucocytosis. While patient was put on antibiotics, neurosurgical opinion was sought and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with contrast was planned to map the abscess. MRI (Figure 1) which was suggestive of left squamosal COM and mastoiditis with intracranial extradural abscess in left temporoparietal region. MRI also uncovered large subgaleal abscess in the left temporo-occipito-parietal region along the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle with thrombosis of left transverse and sigmoid sinus. Neurosurgeons found no need for intervention from their side.
Környezettudatosak-e a hazai turisták? = Are Hungarian tourists environmentally conscious?
Authors: Gonda Tibor , Raffay Zoltán
Published: August 2021

A turizmus alig néhány évtized alatt igazi tömegjelenséggé vált. Dinamikus fejlődése bár számos társadalmi-gazdasági előnnyel jár, a mai tömegturizmust vizsgálva nem tekinthetünk el a nyilvánvaló társadalmi és környezeti mellékhatásaitól: egyes desztinációkban már rontja az ott élők életminőségét, és veszélyezteti a természeti környezetet. Fenntartható fejlődésének érdekében változásra van szükség a kínálatban éppúgy, mint a fogyasztók keresletében. Tanulmányunk egy friss reprezentatív kutatás eredményeire is építve azt vizsgálja, vajon a hazai lakosság hajlandó-e utazásai során környezettudatos és felelősségteljes fogyasztói magatartás tanúsítására, ökoturistákra jellemző viselkedésre. A turizmus esetében kevésbé kutatott terület a különböző generációkhoz tartozó személyek szemléletmódjának, fogyasztói magatartásának kutatása, amely elengedhetetlen feltétele a sikeres piaci működésnek és a turisztikai ágazaton belüli sikeres innovációnak, ezért a tanulmány kitér a korosztályok közti eltérések bemutatására is.
Okos turizmus és okos rendezvények vizsgálata a Székesfehérvári Királyi Napok tükrében = Smart tourism and smart events reflected by the Székesfehérvár Royal Days
Authors: Pinke-Sziva Ivett , Keller Krisztina
Published: August 2021

A digitalizáció hatása a turisztikai iparágra elvitathatlan mind a keresleti, mind a kínálati oldalt tekintve. Jellemzően a szolgáltatások foglalása, az attrakciók interpretációja kerül az online és digitális megoldások középpontjába, ugyanakkor a rendezvények esetében mindezen megoldások éppúgy szerepet kaphatnak. Az is látható, hogy a nagyvárosok életében népszerűek az okos turisztikai applikációk, de vajon mi a helyzet a kisebb hazai városokkal, a vidéki desztinációkkal? Mindezen témák vizsgálata áll jelen cikkünk középpontjában, az alábbi kutatási kérdésben összegezve: Mit jelenthet az okos turizmus Székesfehérvár esetében, és hogyan jellemezhető az okos rendezvény iránti kereslet a Királyi Napok tekintetében? A kérdések vizsgálatához egyrészt 13 szolgáltatóval készítettünk kvalitatív szakértői mélyinterjút, másrészt keresleti oldali kutatást végeztünk a helyi Turisztikai Desztináció Menedzsment Szervezet (TDMSZ) segítségével, mely során kérdőíves megkérdezésünkre 414 értékelhető választ kaptunk a 2019. évi Királyi Napok látogatóinak köréből.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN THE PREDICTION OF LOW MUSCLE MASS IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PATIENTS
Authors: Zanandrea V. , Rossi A.P. , Bertocchi M. , Zamboni M.
Published: August 2021

To the Editor: In the article entitled “Potential prognosticvalue of handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients”published in the first issue of The Journal of Frailty & Aging(1), Savino and colleagues presented the handgrip strength as apredictor of hospitalization length of stay in older patientsadmitted to an acute care unit. Authors reported an inverseassociation between muscle strength at the admission andsubsequent duration of the hospital stay, even after adjustmentfor potential confounders.
The Evaluation between Importance of Educational needs, and Satisfaction about it as perceived by Engineering students at Dire Dawa University Ethiopia
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to examine the perception of Engineering students about importance of educational needs, and satisfaction about it. Methodology: Research design: A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. Setting: The present study was conducted at engineering faculties in Dire Dawa University. Subject: The present study included a total coverage sample includes all four academic years engineering students during academic year (2021). Total number of students was (n=727). Tools of study: The study tool consisted of Engineering Education Satisfaction Instrument (EESI) consist of two questions (question one about importance of educational needs, and question 2 about satisfaction with the educational needs) contained the same items, the five subscales related to the five levels. Results: This study revealed that, there was a highly statistical significant differences among the four academic years engineering students as all fifth year engineering students had reported that the educational needs is very important, and a highly statistical significant differences among the students of the four academic years in which the second year and Third year students had the highest mean scores according to perception of the engineering students about satisfaction with the educational needs. Conclusions: there was a highly statistically significant positive relationship between perceptions of the engineering students in the four academic years about the importance of educational needs. Also observed that there was a highly statistically significant negative relationship between perceptions of the engineering students in the four academic years about the satisfaction of educational needs. Recommendations: Ask authoritative persons to improve educational environment through providing more space, and educational resources for conducting teaching learning process.
World War II and the Rise of Feminism in Martinique
Authors: Joseph-Gabriel Annette K.
Published: August 2021

L’idée que le féminisme antillais est un phénomène du 21ème siècle et qu’il est encore à ses débuts est répandue. Néanmoins, plusieurs groupes féminins ont mené des actions féministes bien avant. Lors de la deuxième guerre mondiale, Le Club féminin et l’Union des femmes de la Martinique, entre autres, ont lutté contre le fascisme, le colonialisme et l’exclusion des femmes de la vie publique. L’auteure trace l’influence de la guerre sur leur pensée féministe.
Speckle tracking ultrasonography as a new tool to assess diaphragmatic function: a feasibility study
Authors: Fritsch Sebastian Johannes , Hatam Nima , Goetzenich Andreas , Marx Gernot , Autschbach Rüdiger , Heunks Leo , Bickenbach Johannes , Bruells Christian Simon
Published: August 2021

A reliable method of measuring diaphragmatic function at the bedside is still lacking. Widely used two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic measurements, such as diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickness, and fractional thickening (FT) have failed to show clear correlations with diaphragmatic function. A reason for this is that 2D ultrasonographic measurements, like FT, are merely able to measure the deformation of muscular diaphragmatic tissue in the transverse direction, while longitudinal measurements in the direction of contracting muscle fibres are not possible. Speckle tracking ultrasonography, which is widely used in cardiac imaging, overcomes this disadvantage and allows observations of movement in the direction of the contracting muscle fibres, approximating muscle deformation and the deformation velocity. Several studies have evaluated speckle tracking as a promising method to assess diaphragm contractility in healthy subjects. This technical note demonstrates the feasibility of speckle tracking ultrasonography of the diaphragm in a group of 20 patients after an aortocoronary bypass graft procedure. The results presented herein suggest that speckle tracking ultrasonography is able to depict alterations in diaphragmatic function after surgery better than 2D ultrasonographic measurements.
The Asymmetric Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Economic Growth and Industrial Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of India, China and Pakistan Via the NARDL Approach
Authors: Syed Aamir
Published: August 2021

This research work aims to verify how military expenditure promotes economic growth and industrial productivity, as suggested by the Military Keynesianism postulate. The NARDL method is employed to achieve the above objective on the panel data of India, China, and Pakistan, covering the period between 1990 and 2018. The study finds that the positive and negative impact of military expenditure has a significant positive and negative effect on economic growth in the long run for China and India; however, in the short-run, only positive impact favors economic growth. Thus, there is a symmetric effect in the short-run and an asymmetric impact in the long-run. This asymmetric result supports the work of Military Keynesianism, helping policymakers in devising appropriate macro-economic policies.
Países de la Alianza del Pacífico 2000-2021: efectos del COVID-19 en el crecimiento y la reactivación económica
Authors: Reyes Ortiz Giovanni Efrain , Mendoza-Sáenz César Alberto , Robayo-Piñeros Edward Leandro
Published: August 2021

El argumento central de esta investigación sostiene que los cuatro países que conforman la Alianza del Pacífico (AP) —Chile, Colombia, México y Perú— tendrán recuperación económica en el 2021, al evidenciarse incrementos de sus respectivos productos internos brutos (PIB). Además, se sostiene que es posible calcular tanto la caída de producción para esos países durante el 2020 como la recuperación referida para el siguiente año. Los cálculos correspondientes se realizaron con base en los contextos económicos y sociopolíticos que han implicado las medidas adoptadas en los cuatro países de la AP con motivo de la pandemia del COVID-19; en específico, las medidas que iniciaron a principios de marzo del 2020. La mayor reactivación económica se tendría en México, aunque conviene resaltar que este resultado en particular se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con el desempeño de la economía de Estados Unidos, que actúa como mercado natural del citado país latinoamericano.
Numerical methods for time-fractional convection-diffusion problems with high-order accuracy
Authors: Dong Gang , Guo Zhichang , Yao Wenjuan
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider the numerical method for solving the two-dimensional time-fractional convection-diffusion equation with a fractional derivative of order

α

\alpha

(

1
<
α
<
2

1\lt \alpha \lt 2

). By combining the compact difference approach for spatial discretization and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method in the time stepping, a compact ADI scheme is proposed. The unconditional stability and

H

1

{H}^{1}

norm convergence of the scheme are proved rigorously. The convergence order is

O

(

τ

3
−
α

+

h

1

4

+

h

2

4

)

O\left({\tau }^{3-\alpha }+{h}_{1}^{4}+{h}_{2}^{4})

, where

τ

\tau

is the temporal grid size and

h

1

{h}_{1}

,

h

2

{h}_{2}

are spatial grid sizes in the

x

x

and

y

y

directions, respectively. It is proved that the method can even attain

(

1
+
α

)

\left(1+\alpha )

order accuracy in temporal for some special cases. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Deko oder Didaktik? Mehrsprachigkeit in Schulbüchern für Sachfächer
Authors: Bredthauer Stefanie , Triulzi Marco , Kaleta Magdalena , Helbert Stefanie , Wörmann Leon
Published: August 2021

In 2013 and 2015, the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (KMK) passed resolutions based on theoretical and empirical research that called for the integration of multilingualism in textbooks for all subjects. The aim of these resolutions is to recognise and make use of all the resources, i. e. all the experience and skills, that students bring to the classroom to promote their development and to portray the great diversity of their environments. In the project SAMMELN, 33 textbooks for 17 subjects were quantitatively analysed, resulting in N=2,301 occurrences. The results show that, although multilingual elements regularly appear in textbooks across all subjects, these consist mainly of single words or phrases and are rarely included into tasks. Furthermore, the prevalence of languages that are frequently taught in German schools and of languages that are no longer spoken, is remarkable. In contrast, heritage languages that are commonly found in Germany, are rarely represented. These results suggest that multilingual elements present in textbooks are of predominantly decorative nature with little potential for multilingual pedagogy and without any connection to the language environment of the students.
„Ist es B2-Niveau genug?“
Authors: Wisniewski Katrin
Published: August 2021

This contribution focuses on the use of the multifunctional German word form es in the learner corpora MERLIN and DISKO (1,452 texts; 3,700 manually annotated occurrences of es). These corpora cover a wide proficiency range (A1-C1), and they include an L1 control group. Due to its multiple functions, using es is assumed to be challenging for learners. After laying out its main functional features, this paper first addresses the question of whether the frequency patterns of es actually differ between L1 und L2 texts, which is shown to be true only for beginning learners, and whether differences related to learners’ L1 can be observed, which seems to be the case. Secondly, the study links the emerging use of different es types and their relative frequencies to CEFR proficiency levels. A third focus regards the accuracy of es usage, which is generally high but differs among the various es functions, with anaphoric es presenting the greatest challenge for learners. A closer look at interlanguage structures reveals that learners often omit compulsory es and that they use redundant es in peculiar syntactic slots. Furthermore, the use of anaphoric es without clear textual reference regularly encumbers the reading process of the texts.
Effectiveness of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation for Treating Expansive Soils
Authors: Wei R. , Xiao J. Z. , Wu S. F. , Cai H. , Wang Z. W.
Published: August 2021

Expansive soil is a high-plasticity clay that expands rapidly when wetted or soaked with water and shrinks and cracks when it dries. Soil expansion often causes instability problems during construction of roadbeds or embankments. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), a novel soil treatment method, has drawn increased attention in recent decades because of its environmental friendliness and good performance in soil solidification. In this paper, the expansive soil slope treatment with MICP for the Yangtze-Jiangxi-Huaihe River Diversion Project in China is presented. The effectiveness and mechanism of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria for inhibiting soil expansion were investigated experimentally. The results indicated that MICP treatment can significantly reduce the swelling and deformation of expansive soil and showed that the MICP treatment was feasible and effective in inhibiting soil expansion. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to study the changes in soil mineralogy after MICP treatment. These techniques helped to reveal the mechanism of MICP in treating expansive soils.
Genetic evaluation supports differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with delayed puberty
Authors: Saengkaew Tansit , Patel Heena R , Banerjee Kausik , Butler Gary , Dattani Mehul T , McGuigan Michael , Storr Helen L , Willemsen Ruben H , Dunkel Leo , Howard Sasha R
Published: August 2021

Context

Pubertal delay can be the clinical presentation of both idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and self-limited delayed puberty (SLDP). Distinction between these conditions is a common but important diagnostic challenge in adolescents.

Objective

To assess whether gene panel testing can assist with clinical differential diagnosis and to allow accurate and timely management of delayed puberty patients.

Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

Patients presenting with delayed puberty to UK Paediatric services, followed up to final diagnosis, were included. Whole-exome sequencing was analysed using a virtual panel of genes previously reported to cause either IHH or SLDP to identify rarely predicted deleterious variants. Deleterious variants were verified by in silico prediction tools. The correlation between clinical and genotype diagnosis was analysed.

Results

Forty-six patients were included, 54% with a final clinical diagnosis of SLDP and 46% with IHH. Red flags signs of IHH were present in only three patients. Fifteen predicted deleterious variants in 12 genes were identified in 33% of the cohort, with most inherited in a heterozygous manner. A fair correlation between final clinical diagnosis and genotypic diagnosis was found. Panel testing was able to confirm a diagnosis of IHH in patients with pubertal delay. Genetic analysis identified three patients with IHH that had been previously diagnosed as SLDP.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of targeted exome sequencing in the clinical setting to aid the differential diagnosis between IHH and SLDP in adolescents presenting with pubertal delay. Genetic evaluation thus facilitates earlier and more precise diagnosis, allowing clinicians to direct treatment appropriately.
Properties of 3D-printed wood sawdust-reinforced PLA composites
Authors: Narlıoğlu Nasir , Salan Tufan , Alma Mehmet Hakkı
Published: August 2021

Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with different amounts of waste pine sawdust were investigated. To determine the mechanical properties of the obtained filaments, test samples were produced using a 3D printer according to the mechanical test standards. The filaments that were produced from blends that contained the wood sawdust at the highest level (20%) could be printed via a 3D printer without any problems. According to the results obtained from the mechanical tests, a decrease in the tensile strength values of the composites was observed with the addition of wood sawdust into the neat PLA polymer. On the other hand, it was determined that the flexural strength values of the wood sawdust/PLA composites significantly increased with the addition of the wood sawdust. It was concluded that the waste pine sawdust is a reasonable reinforcement material for the production of composite filament for 3D printing applications and it can be compatibly extruded with PLA polymer. Thus, sawdust can be used as a value-added waste source for the production of high-quality 3D polymeric materials.
Genome Editing in Medicine: Tools and Challenges
Authors: Petraitytė Gunda , Preikšaitienė Eglė , Mikštienė Violeta
Published: August 2021

Studies which seek fundamental, thorough knowledge of biological processes, and continuous advancement in natural sciences and biotechnology enable the establishment of molecular strategies and tools to treat disorders caused by genetic mutations. Over the years biological therapy evolved from using stem cells and viral vectors to RNA therapy and testing different genome editing tools as promising gene therapy agents. These genome editing technologies (Zinc finger nucleases, TAL effector nucleases), specifically CRISPR-Cas system, revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and is widely applied to create cell and animal models for various hereditary, infectious human diseases and cancer, to analyze and understand the molecular and cellular base of pathogenesis, to find potential drug/treatment targets, to eliminate pathogenic DNA changes in various medical conditions and to create future “precise medication”. Although different concerning factors, such as precise system delivery to the target cells, efficacy and accuracy of editing process, different approaches of making the DNA changes as well as worrying bioethical issues remain, the importance of genome editing technologies in medicine is undeniable. The future of innovative genome editing approach and strategies to treat diseases is complicated but interesting and exciting at once for all related parties – researchers, clinicians, and patients.
Ukraine in the Epicenter of the Confrontation of World Systems (1939-1990)
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU, Danilenko Victor , Krupyna Victor ,   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU, Kulchytsky Stanislav ,   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU, Lysenko Olexander ,   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU, Styazhkina Olena ,   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU, Yakubova Larysa ,   Institute of History of Ukraine NASU
Published: August 2021

The key problems of nation- and state-building are revealed in the concept of the chronotope of the Ukrainian “long twentieth century,” which is a hybrid projection of the “long nineteenth century.” An essential feature of this stage in the history of Ukraine and Ukrainians is the realization of the intentions of socioeconomic, ethnocultural and political emancipation: in fact, the end of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in the context of World War I, and the destruction of the colonial system. The second book deals with the essential changes of the united Ukraine, which emerged within the framework of the Yalta-Potsdam system. Its fate in the era of World War II and the Cold War, the consequences of re-Sovietization, unconscious collective traumas and transgressions and their impact on modernity are the author's optics of studying the historical path of Ukraine in the era of confrontation of world systems and the collapse of communism, which enabled Ukraine's sovereignty. For a wide audience.
Reply to the letter to the editor entitled “About the ‘critical reflections’ on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index”
Authors: Eslava-Schmalbach Javier , Restrepo-Henao Alexandra , Guarnizo-Herreño Carol , Castillo Juan Sebastián , Vega-Romero Román , Arbeláez María Patricia , Pardo-Turriago Rodrigo , Díaz Paula Andrea , Gaitán-Duarte Hernando , Cantor-Cruz Francy , Osorio Lyda , Andia Tatiana , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos
Published: August 2021

We greatly appreciate the comments made by Rojas-Botero et al.1 on our paper entitled “Critical reflections on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index used for public policy decision-making regarding the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia”.2
We acknowledge that public health, understood as the well-being of the community, should be the focus of all our efforts as health professionals. In this sense, decision-making amid a major emergency, such as the one we are currently experiencing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a balanced and calm judgment that considers both the general context and local specificities, as well as the best available scientific evidence, that is, evidence that not only supports decisions, but also prioritizes benefits over risks.
Comparativa multi e hiperespectral del pasto Cynodon nlemfuensis bajo condiciones tropicales y de pastoreo con ganado lechero
Authors: Coto Fonseca Alberto Francisco , Rojas González Alejandra María
Published: August 2021

La información espectral ha sido utilizada ampliamente en el estudio de las condiciones nutricionales y en el desarrollo de diversos cultivos empleados en el ámbito agrícola, pero existe un vacío de investigación en especies forrajeras para condiciones tropicales. El presente estudio contempló la comparación de información multi e hiperespectral correspondientes al cultivo de pasto Estrella Africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis) dedicado a la alimentación de ganadería lechera usando espectroscopia de campo e información satelital de Sentinel-2. Se determinó que existe una heterogeneidad de la firma espectral del cultivo, debido al patrón aleatorio de alimentación por parte del ganado y la variación de las condiciones ambientales. Se generaron zonas con distintas alturas del cultivo, influyendo directamente en los valores de reflectancia, índice de área foliar e índices de vegetación. Se compararon los índices espectrales calculados con información de campo y satelital, obteniéndose valores de R2 de 0,725 para el caso del NDVI y de 0,446 para el SAVI. La presente investigación es de gran relevancia ya que sienta la línea base del uso de información espectral para el estudio de pastos dedicados a la alimentación de ganado lechero a partir de sensores remotos y espectrorradiometría de campo.
As influências do Banco Mundial no atual Ensino de Artes no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Paulo , Yaegashi Solange Franci Raimundo , Mação Tayene Elize , Andrade Rodrigo dos Santos , Oliveira Flávio Rodrigues de
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de contribuir para a compreensão das influências do Banco Mundial nas políticas educacionais brasileiras, com destaque para o ensino na área de Artes. Elaboramos uma breve análise de documentos que envolvem o Banco Mundial e suas orientações para a educação, especificamente para a brasileira, identificando os impactos das suas diretrizes no ensino de Artes e como isso afetou a escolha de seus conteúdos no currículo das escolas no Brasil. Para tanto, analisamos leis e documentos do governo brasileiro, a partir de 1990, que regem a educação e os direitos a quem ela se destina. Tomamos como referenciais teóricos os estudos de Altmann (2002), Peroni (2000), Dias (2017), Nosella (2015), Cabral Neto (2012), dentre outros importantes pesquisadores de políticas educacionais brasileiras. No âmbito das Artes, utilizamos os estudos de Silva (2015), Araujo (2019) e Suzuki (2019). Por meio da análise empreendida, verificamos que, em relação ao ensino de Artes, é frequente a adoção de práticas que privilegiam a formação técnica do estudante, direcionando-o para o mercado, mas que desvaloriza os conteúdos das ciências humanas, sociais e artísticas para uma formação cidadã.
The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Nardocci Chiara , Simon Judit , Kiss Fanni , Györke Tamás , Szántó Péter , Tárnoki Ádám Domonkos , Tárnoki Dávid László , Müller Veronika , Maurovich-Horvat Pál
Published: August 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease lacking a definite etiology, characterized by the nonspecific symptoms of dyspnea and dry cough. Due to its poor prognosis, imaging techniques play an essential role in diagnosing and managing IPF. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been shown to be the most sensitive modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. It is the primary imaging modality used for the assessment and follow-up of patients with IPF. Other not commonly used imaging methods are under research, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are alternative imaging techniques. This literature review aims to provide a brief overview of the imaging of IPF-related alterations.
Expressão individual no mundo do trabalho: entre a liberdade e a regra
Authors: Pachi Filho Fernando Felício
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos recorte de pesquisa sobre liberdade de expressão realizada com 365 trabalhadores de sete organizações. Com base nos aportes teóricos do binômio Comunicação e Trabalho, da Ergologia e da Sociologia do Trabalho, procuramos compreender como a expressão individual é vivenciada pelos trabalhadores. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário que abordou tópicos como apresentação pessoal, liberdade de opinião, direito de crítica, assédio moral, discriminação, expressão artística e religiosa. Os resultados indicam haver significativo desconhecimento sobre as regras estabelecidas para a expressão individual. Ademais, a expressão individual é modulada pela necessidade de comunicação nas práticas de gestão contemporâneas e pelos limites estabelecidos pelas/nas organizações.
Is the Post- in Postcolonial the Post- in Post-Soviet? Toward a Global Postcolonial Critique
Authors: Moore David Chioni
Published: August 2021

The enormous twenty-seven-nation post-Soviet sphere—including the former Soviet republics and the former “East Bloc” states—is virtually never discussed in the burgeoning discourse of postcolonial studies. Yet Russia and the successor Soviet Union exercised colonial control over the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Baltics, and Central and Eastern Europe for anywhere from fifty to two hundred years. The present essay interrogates the possible postcoloniality of the post-Soviet sphere, including Russia. The investigation is complicated by Russia's seeming Eurasian status and its history of perceived cultural inferiority to the West. A broad range of theoretical, historical, cultural, and geographic positions are examined, and figures such as Curzon, Conrad, Lermontov, and Shohat are addressed. In conclusion the essay argues against the current occidentocentric privileging of Western European colonization as the standard and proposes a fully global postcolonial critique. Overall, it critiques both too narrow post-Soviet studies and too parochial, too Anglo-Franco-focused postcolonial studies.
Globalizing Literary Study
Authors: Said Edward W.
Published: August 2021

Let me begin by quickly spelling out what I take to be the intellectual and disciplinary basis of this forum as implied in its title. I'll also say a little about the general assumptions that may have governed or provoked its convening at the MLA convention this immediately premillennial year.