bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic zoning for retinopathy of prematurity with a key area location system
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Xu Hua , Zhao Lei , Zhu Weifang , Shi Fei , Wang Meng , Zhou Yi , Feng Kehong , Chen Xinjian
Published: October 2023

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) usually occurs in premature or low birth weight infants and has been an important cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Diagnosis and treatment of ROP are mainly based on stage, zone and disease, where the zone is more important than the stage for serious ROP. However, due to the great subjectivity and difference of ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of ROP zoning, it is challenging to achieve accurate and objective ROP zoning diagnosis. To address it, we propose a new key area location (KAL) system to achieve automatic and objective ROP zoning based on its definition, which consists of a key point location network and an object detection network. Firstly, to achieve the balance between real-time and high-accuracy, a lightweight residual heatmap network (LRH-Net) is designed to achieve the location of the optic disc (OD) and macular center, which transforms the location problem into a pixel-level regression problem based on the heatmap regression method and maximum likelihood estimation theory. In addition, to meet the needs of clinical accuracy and real-time detection, we use the one-stage object detection framework Yolov3 to achieve ROP lesion location. Finally, the experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed KAL system has achieved better performance on key point location (6.13 and 17.03 pixels error for OD and macular center location) and ROP lesion location (93.05% for AP50), and the ROP zoning results based on it have good consistency with the results manually labeled by clinicians, which can support clinical decision-making and help ophthalmologists correctly interpret ROP zoning, reducing subjective differences of diagnosis and increasing the interpretability of zoning results.
Optical access networks for fixed and mobile applications [Invited Tutorial]
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2023

Optical access networks are playing a more critical role in providing diverse emerging applications for human- and machine-type communications. With the ever-growing demand for higher capacity, higher fidelity, and massive connections, numerous innovative transmission schemes and digital signal processing algorithms have been proposed in a cost-effective way. Here, we focus on two main scenarios, namely, fixed and mobile access. For the fixed access network, the solutions are categorized into direct detection, simplified coherent detection, and self-coherent detection. For the mobile fronthaul, we classify the schemes according to the functional split, including the analog radio-over-fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI), enhanced CPRI (eCPRI), and integrated and hybrid digital/analog-over-fiber interfaces. This tutorial provides an overview of the enabling technologies for fixed and mobile applications in the fifth-generation (5G) era and beyond.
Equivalent circuit model of the carrier-depletion-based push-pull silicon optical modulators with T-rail slow wave electrodes
Authors: Na Quanxin , Zhuang Dongwei , Xie Qijie , Zhang Nan , Zhang Lanxuan , Li Xin , Zuo Guomeng , Zhang Hao , li Qin , Song Junfeng
Published: October 2023

The T-rail electrode has emerged as an effective solution to improve the bandwidth of the silicon optoelectronic modulator. T-rail electrodes have shown to be a successful method of increasing the silicon optoelectronic modulator's bandwidth. Engineers frequently use finite-element numerical simulations, which necessitate intricate device modeling and massive computational resources, to design and optimize T-rail electrodes. To design and optimize T-rail electrodes, engineers often rely on finite-element numerical simulations that require complex device modeling and enormous computing resources. In this paper, we present an equivalent circuit model for carrier-depletion-based push-pull silicon modulators with T-rail electrodes. The analytical solution for the bandwidth of the modulator can be derived from the equivalent circuit. The utilization of the analytical solution offers advantages in terms of memory conservation and flexibility. The values calculated by the equivalent circuit model are in excellent agreement with the numerical full-wave HFSS simulations. Hence, the proposed model can accurately and efficiently develop silicon optical modulators.
Knowledge and perceptions of lymphatic filariasis patients in selected hotspot endemic communities in southern Ghana
Authors: Kwarteng Alexander , Kenyon Kristi Heather , Opoku Asiedu Samuel , Garcia Regiane , Kini Priscilla , Osei-Poku Priscilla , Kwarteng Efiba Senkyire , Amewu Emmanuel Kobla Atsu
Published: October 2023

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease that is one of the leading global causes of permanent disability. To date, LF interventions have been largely biomedical, focusing on drug treatments to disrupt parasite transmission and manage disease morbidity. Although important, these Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programs neglect the significance of socio-economic burden to the health of LF patients, which are compounded by social stigmatization, discrimination and associated depressive illnesses. The MDA program also typically fails to engage with local community beliefs and perceptions of LF, which may differ markedly from biomedical explanations and may have fueled non-compliance to treatments which is one of the major challenges of the Mass Drug Administration program. LF is not only a biomedical issue but also a social issue and LF interventions need to understand people’s world views and the contexts through which they interpret bodily maladies. Hence, an effective LF intervention must bring together both the biomedical and the social components. The goal of this exploratory study was to assist in refining a large qualitative study (currently underway) that seeks to integrate culturally appropriate LF interventions into current LF control programs in Ghana. In this paper, we discuss the findings of a pre-intervention, exploratory study aimed at gaining a baseline grasp of a local culturally informed understanding of lymphatic filariasis and the knowledge gaps looking at three endemic Ghanaian communities in the Ahanta West District. A structured questionnaire was employed to assess the wellbeing, social inclusion, and cultural understanding of LF with a geographic focus within LF-endemic areas in Ghana. Interestingly, 45.8% of the 72 participants reported to have received information about LF from health care providers and the MDA program but only 5 out of the 72 (6.9%) respondents believed that LF was transmitted by mosquitos. This baseline study revealed several alternative interpretations and misconceptions about the disease, as well as the social and economic impacts, and importantly, the need to integrate qualitative research to develop culturally appropriate interventions and increase engagement with existing control programs.
Socioeconomic inequality in knowledge about HIV/AIDS over time in Ethiopia: A population-based study
Authors: Endalamaw Aklilu , Gilks Charles F. , Ambaw Fentie , Khatri Resham B. , Assefa Yibeltal
Published: October 2023

Socioeconomic inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS can hinder progress towards ending the epidemic threat of this disease. To address the knowledge gap, it is essential to investigate inequality in HIV/AIDS services. This study aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequality, identify contributors, and analyze the trends in inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS among adults in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 2005, 2011, and 2016 population-based health survey data. The sample size was 18,818 in 2005, 29,264 in 2011, and 27,261 in 2016. Socioeconomic inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was quantified by using a concentration curve and index. Subsequently, the decomposition of the concentration index was conducted using generalised linear regression with a logit link function to quantify covariates’ contribution to wealth-based inequality. The Erreygers’ concentration index was 0.251, 0.239, and 0.201 in 2005, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Watching television (24.2%), household wealth rank (21.4%), ever having been tested for HIV (15.3%), and education status (14.3%) took the significant share of socioeconomic inequality. The percentage contribution of watching television increased from 4.3% in 2005 to 24.2% in 2016. The household wealth rank contribution increased from 14.6% in 2005 to 21.38% in 2016. Education status contribution decreased from 16.2% to 14.3%. The percentage contribution of listening to the radio decreased from 16.9% in 2005 to -2.4% in 2016. The percentage contribution of residence decreased from 7.8% in 2005 to -0.5% in 2016. This study shows comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was concentrated among individuals with a higher socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic-related inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is woven deeply in Ethiopia, though this disparity has been decreased minimally. A combination of individual and public health approaches entangled in a societal system are crucial remedies for the general population and disadvantaged groups. This requires comprehensive interventions according to the primary health care approach.
Biogenic synthesis of ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract for spectroscopic estimation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in commercial formulations
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal A. , Alabdulmonem Hadeel A. , Al-Onazi Wedad A. , Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. , El-Tohamy Maha F.
Published: October 2023

The current study describes the biogenic synthesis of two metal oxides zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis, and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract, respectively. The synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles were investigated using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm the formation of their nanostructures. Accurate and precise spectrofluorometric probes were proposed for the quantification of Ofloxacin (OFX) and Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) in their bulk and commercial formulations. The extraordinary properties of Zinc oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs and Al2O3NPs) enhance the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 1.0% w/v) as organizing agent for the detection of OFX and CPFX, respectively. The optical detection of both drugs at λex/em range 250–700 nm displayed linearity with a main correlation coefficient >0.999 at 1–300 (OFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.5–100 (OFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1,10–400 (CPFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.1–50 (CPFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 0.04, 0.03, and 0.02, 0.04 ng mL-1, 0.13, 0.10, and 7.24, 0.09 ng mL-1 for the above-mentioned fluorescence systems, respectively. The suggested spectrofluorometric probes were validated and potentially applied for the estimation of OFX and CPFX in their bulk and commercial formulations.
Effectiveness of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education on healthy sexual behaviors among year one students at Arba Minch University: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Boti Sidamo Negussie , Hussen Sultan , Shegaze Shimbre Mulugeta , Zerihun Eshetu , Godana Boynito Wanzahun , Abebe Sintayehu , Shibiru Tamiru , Shibiru Simon , Gebretsadik Woyinshet , Desalegn Nathan , Oumer Bilcha , Temesgen Birgoda Gebremaryam , Abdulkadir Hanan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education (CBSRHE) is one of the preventive strategies targeting youth in higher institutions to protect them from sexual and reproductive health problems, despite never assessing the effect in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of CBSRHE on knowledge and attitude about SRH services to have safer sexual behaviors among first-year students of Arba Minch University.

Method

We conducted a quasi-experimental study among purposively selected campuses. The campuses were allocated to (i) an intervention arm consisting of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health, or (ii) a control arm for those who were free from intervention. Data was collected, at baseline and immediately after the intervention ended by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. To compare differences in the change from baseline to post-intervention between the two arms we use the chi-square test and independent-samples t-test. To see the effect of the CBSRHE by controlling the effect confounding inverse probability-weighted analysis was conducted.

Result

A total of 832 and 820 students participated in a baseline and post-test respectively. The proportion of youth who practice receptive penetrative sex decreases from 40.9% to 28.3% in the intervention arm compared to 37.6% to 37.3% in the non-intervention arm between baseline and end line, with statistically significant differences between groups. However, there are statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in contraception utilization (X2 = 1.21; P>0.05). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in knowledge and attitude among the intervention arm a comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (ATE = 0.22,95% CI, 0.14 to 0.29; p < 0.01), an average change of attitude toward HIV/AIDS(ATE = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.47; p < 0.01), comprehensive condom knowledge score (ATE = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.33; p < 0.01) and the average change of attitude toward condom score (ATE = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.77; p < 0.01).

Conclusion and recommendation

It was found that there was a significant difference in knowledge and attitude toward a disk sexual behaviors among r one student. This implies that the educational authority o the country can gain through the adoption of courses to all universities across the country, besides doing further comparative studies to determine the long-term effect of the course supported with models and/or theories like the theory of change.
Reducing stigma impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: The development of a common multi-component stigma reduction intervention
Authors: Hartog Kim , Peters Ruth M. H. , Tukahiirwa Racheal Kisakye , Jordans Mark J. D.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Stigmatisation impedes health and quality of life. Evidence regarding stigma reduction interventions is, albeit growing, limited. There is a gap in the availability and evidence of interventions for reducing stigma among children and adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper describes the process that led to a stigma reduction intervention impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, following previously conducted formative research.

Methods

In this study, we conducted (i) online stakeholder consultations (FGD) (n = 43), including a survey assessing intervention acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and scalability (n = 16); and (ii) preliminary field-testing of intervention content online and in a refugee settlement in Uganda.

Findings

Stakeholder consultation showed the initial version of STRETCH (Stigma Reduction to Trigger Change for Children), albeit positively received, required adaptations. We made adjustments to i) take into account implementation duration, intervention flexibility and intersectionality; (ii) strengthen the involvement of individuals, including adolescents/youth, with lived stigma experience; (iii) target people close to individuals with lived stigma experience; and (iv) address feasibility and sustainability concerns. Preliminary field-testing simplified STRETCH while adding a community outreach component and revisiting the intervention setup, to ensure STRETCH can also be applied from a modular perspective.

Conclusion

We conducted a process to develop a child-focused multi-component stigma reduction intervention, with intended applicability across stigmas and settings. This paper provides an overview of the intervention development process, generating intervention-specific learnings with generic value. STRETCH aims to reduce stigmatisation at the implementing organisation, create community-wide reflection and stigma reduction demand, and reduce stigmatisation among various target groups.
Fetal outcomes and their correlates following caesarian section in a rural setting in Ghana
Authors: Sackeya Eugene , Beru Martin Muonibe , Angmortey Richard Nomo , Opoku Douglas Aninng , Boamah Victoria Achiaa , Appiah Francis , Mohammed Aliyu
Published: October 2023

Background

Regular evaluation of caesarean section (CS) is required due to their rising trend and outcomes. Many women recently opt for elective CS, even in resource-constrained settings. Data evaluating the outcomes of CS is however sparse. Hence, this study sought to determine the rate of fetal mortalities and their determinants following CS in the Tatale District Hospital of the Northern Region, Ghana.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed to analyze the medical records of 275 women who underwent CS from 2019 to 2021. Data were collected from the hospital’s record of CS cases from 2019 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and Pearson’s chi-square/Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the relationship between maternal and obstetric characteristics and fetal mortality. At a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), logistic regression was fitted to assess significant variables and reported the results using odds ratio.

Results

Of 1667 deliveries, 16.5% of the mothers gave birth by CS. A fetal mortality rate of 76.4 per 1000 total births was recorded following CS. Babies born with low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores (0–3) at fifth-minute had an increased risk of fetal mortality (AOR  =  523.19, 95%CI: 49.24–5559.37, p  =  <0.001). Having a history of previous CS, cephalopelvic disproportion and delayed labour were the major indications for CS.

Conclusion

Overall, this study found a high rate of CS based on the World Health Organization‘s recommended CS rate. Interventions such as reducing the waiting time for surgery and early diagnosis of the need for CS, and ensuring the availability of modern equipment to resuscitate infants with low APGAR scores can significantly improve fetal outcomes following CS.
Sleep disorders and risk of infertility: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Qin Xiaoxiao , Fang Siyun , Cai Yaqi
Published: October 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep disorders and risk of infertility.

Method

Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched form their inception to April 30, 2023. Information of study design, control group and experimental group, number of participants, and study outcomes was extracted. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS scale) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ scale). Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were used to analyze these studies.

Result

Eight cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies were considered. The reviewed studies were high-quality. Pooled analysis showed that the risk of infertility was 1.43-fold higher in patients with sleep disturbance (HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 0.97–2.11, z = 1.79), but this was not statistically different; the risk was 1.58-fold higher in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA (HR = 1.58, 95%, CI, 0.99–2.52, z = 1.91), but this was not statistically significant. Wake-up time is also associated with infertility (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.01–1.28; P = 0.037). For every hour they stay awake beyond 8:00 AM, participants had a 41% higher risk of infertility (P = 0.004). The early-to-bed/late-to-rise (EL), LE, and LL groups had a higher risk of infertility than the EE group.

Conclusion

The present study did not find an association between sleep disorders and the risk of infertility. Therefore, more observational studies are warranted to explore the association between sleep disorders and the risk of infertility.
Manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del Síndrome VEXAS. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Martínez-Díaz Lucía , Morales-Angulo Carmelo
Published: October 2023

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome VEXAS (SV) es una entidad de descripción reciente que afecta fundamentalmente a varones, y se debe a una mutación somática en el gen UBA1. Puede cursar con múltiples manifestaciones sistémicas, siendo la afectación de cabeza y cuello muy frecuente. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del SV, que contribuyan a un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de la enfermedad.
Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura médica, utilizando los criterios PRISMA adaptados al tipo de estudio, de las manifestaciones otorrrinolaringológicas del SV, utilizando la base de datos Pubmed.
Resultados: Fueron incluidos en nuestro trabajo 81 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión del mismo, los cuales describían 133 casos. Los resultados mostraron que el SV se produce sobre todo, en varones mayores de 50 años de edad, presentando en más de la mitad de los casos, manifestaciones de cabeza y cuello, entre las que destacan la CA, la condritis nasal y el edema periorbitario, 
Conclusiones: Con frecuencia el SV es confundido, en los pacientes con manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas, con la policondritis recurrente. El conocimiento por parte del otorrinolaringólogo de las manifestaciones de cabeza y cuello asociadas al mismo, puede contribuir a un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano mejorando el pronóstico de la enfermedad.
A Review on the Non-Linear Optical Performance of Picric Acid based Crystals
Authors: Shobhana E. , BALRAJ BABU , BHARATHI MOHANBABU , SATHYANARAYANAMOORTHI V.
Published: October 2023

This review delves into the nonlinear optical characteristics of crystals derived from picric acid, providing a comprehensive analysis of their unique properties and potential applications in the realm of nonlinear optics. Picric acid, with its distinctive molecular structure, has been widely explored for its nonlinear optical behaviour, making it a fascinating subject for research and development. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental need and significance of crystal growth. The summary of preparation, spectral analysis and nonlinear optical characteristics and the significance of picric acid as a promising material in this domain is also discussed. The interpretation of nonlinear behaviour in optical properties of various compounds of picric acid is reviewed and discussed. The structural data of aminoacidic picrate crystals in the field of non-linear applications are reviewed. The conceptual background of nonlinear optical properties is well deliberated and used in order to have a better knowledge of the optical behaviour of the picrate crystals. UV-VIS spectroscopy and Second harmonic efficiency of picric acid compounds are also briefly discussed. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the nonlinear optical performance of picric acid-based crystals, offering valuable insights for researchers, scientists, and engineers working in the field of nonlinear optics.
Removal of Arsenic by Adsorption using Activated Carbon Derived from Zea mays
Authors: Suresh Kumar S. , Challa Malathi , Murali Krishna P. , Deepthi P.R.
Published: October 2023

The toxic pollutant arsenic ions present in the soil and water induce severe environmental and health issues in the North East of India and most of the Asian countries. This demand exploring the adsorption of arsenic ions in an aqueous medium by using a low-cost and non-pollutant adsorbent that is activated carbon obtained from the Poaceae family species (Zea mays). Activated carbon with calcium oxide (CaO) has been synthesized by pyrolysis at 650 ºC in the inert atmosphere. The characterization of activated carbon was done using a powder X-ray diffractometer, Fourier scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The adsorption mechanism and efficacy of activated carbon were explored under optimized parameters such as pH of 5, 1 mg/mL of activated carbon dosage and 10 ppm of As(III) ions concentration at ambient temperature. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon from the non-linear Sips model was found to be 8.4 mg/g and the linear Langmuir model was 29.85 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism from the non-linear, linear kinetic studies and Web Morris intraparticle diffusion model suggested the adsorption of arsenic ions by mass transfer, a diffusion mechanism as well as pseudo-second-order kinetics. Based on the results of desorption experiments, it is possible that the adsorbent can be reused for adsorption process for two cycles.
Optimization of Ca2+ Removal from Cooling Tower Water using Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 Resins: A Response Surface Methodology Study
Authors: Rutto Hilary , Sibali Linda , Mbedzi Robert , Seodigeng Tumisang
Published: October 2023

n present study, the removal of Ca2+ from cooling tower water using Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of operational parameters such as contact time (min), pH, dosage (mL), concentration (mg/L) and temperature (K) were investigated using a central composite design. The regeneration of the Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet were also studied. The study aimed to apply RSM to investigate and optimize the ion exchange operating parameters. Furthermore, the second-order empirical model was developed and correlated sufficiently to the ion exchange experimental data. The optimal ion exchange operating conditions for Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 were found to be: contact time was 120 min, dosage of 150 mL, the initial pH level of 2, a concentration of 4,00 mg/L and temperature of 343 K. Regeneration of Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 using 0.5 M NaCl stripping solution initially showed an increase in % Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal, then a decrease in subsequent cycles.
Graphene Oxide-based Gel as Potential Nanomaterial for Sustained Release of an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Biswas Abhijit
Published: October 2023

A new graphene oxide-based gel comprised of mitoxantrone an anticancer drug and graphene oxide has been synthesized in water at room temperature. This gel-based soft material was formed due to the supramolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding, acid– base and p–p stacking. Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and rheological studies have been employed to characterize the gel. By introducing a small quantity of Ca2+ ions at room temperature, this hybrid gel can effectively facilitate the sustained and controlled release of mitoxantrone drug. The release of the drug molecules was checked and discussed using UV-visible spectroscopic analyses. With the advantages of this graphene oxide-based gel, the soft gel-based material could be a soft drug-releasing agent.
Green and Efficient Chemo-selective Synthesis of Chalcone Imines (α,β-Unsaturated imine) using Baker’s Yeast
Authors: Ullah Qasim , FATEMA NAHID , VIJJULATHA M. , Arif Pathan Mohammad , KHAN SALMAN  AHMED , ARIFUDDIN MOHAMMED , Ali Syed Kashif , AZOOZ REHAB EBAID
Published: October 2023

A simple, efficient, chemo-selective and sustainable biocatalytic method for the synthesis of a,b-unsaturated imines or chalcone- mines (3a-l) was developed by using Baker’s yeast. When, chalcones (1a-b) were reacted with the substituted anilines (2a-f) in the presence of Baker’s yeast act as a whole cell biocatalyst at ambient temperature in ethanol as a green solvent to afford the a,b-unsaturated imines or chalcone-imines (3a-l) in good to excellent yield. The reaction procedure was easy to follow and takes place at room temperature (25-28 ºC). The commercially available Baker’s yeast is very cheap and affordable catalyst, easy to use and facilitate this method as an effective and facile chemo-selective synthesis of a,b-unsaturated imines (chalcone-imines) (3a-l). This is the first report about the biocatalytic reactions of a,b-unsaturated imines (chalcone-imines) (3a-l) formation and it is assumed that this method will open an gateway for the organic chemists to design and synthesized chemo-selective chalcone imines.
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Screening of Novel Pyrazolo[2,3-c]pyridopyridazine Analogues: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies
Authors: BHARDWAJ GAUTAM , KUMAR SURESH , TONK RAJIV KUMAR
Published: October 2023

A major threat in cancer management is the development of drug resistance and gene mutations. Serine threonine kinases like DYRK1A pathway are potential targets for cancer therapies. In this work, a new series of seven pyrazolo[2,3-c]pyridopyridazine analogs were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Three compounds were evaluated for in-vitro anticancer activity following 60 cell lines protocol of NCI, USA and for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. All the compounds exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity, while compounds 4a, 4b and 4d showed moderate responses against leukemia, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer cell lines in anti-proliferative studies.
Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel 1,3,5-Substituted 2-Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Swathi Perla , SUNDARARAJAN RAJA
Published: October 2023

A series of novel 1,3,5-substituted 2-pyrazoline derivatives (IIIa-j) comprising benzo[7]annulene moiety and aromatic substitutions were synthesized via the reaction of (E)-3-(9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-8-yl)-1-(substituted phenyl)prop-2- n-1-one with phenylhydrazine. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed. The newly synthesized pyrazoline derivatives were put to the test in vitro on two cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7). After 72 h of incubation, the results showed that compounds IIId and IIIb altered the morphology of treated cell lines more than untreated or vehicle-treated cells, possibly as a result of the presence of halogen groups (chloro and fluoro) at the para position of the phenyl ring. The nature of the interaction between the synthesized pyrazoline derivatives and the quinoxaline inhibitor bound to the JAK2 enzyme crystal structure were investigated using the molecular docking studies. These substances displayed the least amount of binding energy to the enzyme, according to the in silico investigations. As a result, the synthesized pyrazoline derivatives might be used as lead molecules for the development of new anticancer drugs.
A Study on the Development of Forest Firefighter Uniforms
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Han Song Hee , Kim Myung Cheol , Lee Ye Eun , Kim Sung Yong , Kwon Chun Geun
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to develop a new forest firefighting suit design by surveying the current state of forest firefighting suits in Korea and deriving improvement directions. We collected data on foreign forest firefighting suit designs through literature research and conducted a survey and discussion with people who wear forest firefighting suits. Based on the survey results, the primary areas for improvement were mobility, functionality, safety, portability, and design. We deduced design improvement directions and created three types of forest firefighting uniforms: “Colorful”, “Solid”, and “Utility”. After conducting a final product evaluation meeting, we selected the “Solid” type. The “Solid” type forest firefighting uniform incorporates stretchable spandex fabric for improved flexibility and enhances storage capacity for personal belongings. In addition, points were given using reflective film and material colors to ensure visibility. This study is expected to provide a variety of possibilities for the overall review of the forest firefighting suit management system and the development of forest firefighting suits through the design development and improvement of forest firefighting suits.
Analysis of Determining Factors of Agricultural Income among Farm Households Participating in Farming Cooperative Using a Sample Selection Model
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Hwang Seong-hyuk , Kim Jongin
Published: October 2023

Employing the Heckman model and drawing on the national database, this study scrutinized the determinants influencing the selection of participation in farming cooperatives, as well as the impact of such participation on the agricultural income of farm households. Participation probabilities were observed to rise notably among males in their 50s and 60s with larger business scales, while protracted periods of farming experience and education correlated positively with the likelihood of engagement in farming cooperatives. Farm households actively participating in farming cooperatives demonstrated a notable elevation in their income levels compared to those who abstained from participation. Among the subset of farm households engaged in agricultural cooperatives, the utilization of ICT was linked to a more agricultural income. Given the discernible positive impact of farming cooperatives on the amplification of agricultural income, there arises a compelling need for the government to fortify policies aimed at nurturing the growth and development of these cooperatives.
An Analysis of Korea's Awareness of Prevention of Terrorism and Countermeasures in the Comprehensive Security Conditions
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeon Kyoung Hoon , Yun Jiwon
Published: October 2023

The article suggests measures to improve awareness and respond to preventive terrorism, by analyzing the current terrorist environment and threats based on the question of what purpose and intention South Korea should seek when it comes up with preventive countermeasures against terrorism under a comprehensive security situation. Through theoretical review of terrorism, it explores the causes of terrorism and the various types and characteristics of terrorism that are currently emerging, analyzes terrorist threats and trends that are rapidly on the rise under comprehensive security conditions, and derives implications through specific threat patterns and trends. Based on these analyses, it sought legal measures to improve awareness of preventive concepts, establish a foundation for prevention on terrorism and response, and suggested the applicability of new technologies implemented in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. In so doing, it proposes a comprehensive policy and a system to prevent conditions that allow for domestic terrorist threat in the future.
The Qualitative Study on Experience of Infection Control Education among Clinical Nurses: Focus Group Interview
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Soon-Hee , Yang In-Suk
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of infection control education of clinical nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected through focus group interviews with 10 clinical nurses from October 4 to October 14, 2021. The content analysis of in-depth interviews and field notes revealed four themes: 1) perfunctory education influenced by COVID-19, 2) gap between theoretical education and practice, 3) structural issues in hospitals that inevitably resulted in education neglect, and 4) educational experience that facilitated self-growth. The study findings revealed that although infection control education was limited due to lack of personal resources and environmental factors, clinical nurses could acquire new knowledge and experience self-growth through self-reflection. The study highlights the need to support nursing staff, strengthen the competency of infection control nurses, and provide practical and professional education to facilitate infection control education.
Recurrent transient amnesia: a case of transient epileptic amnesia misdiagnosed as transient global amnesia
Authors: Shin Kihoon , Ji Ki-Hwan
Published: October 2023

Transient epileptic amnesia and transient global amnesia both exhibit temporary memory loss. The lack of clues of epileptic events and the absence of epileptiform abnormalities in electroencephalography, a clear brain lesion, and interictal cognitive decline can make diagnoses challenging. Here we present a middle-aged female who experienced long-term recurrent transient epileptic amnesia with subtle epileptic features over a period of 3 years.
Recording and interpretation of ocular movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic nystagmus
Authors: Kang Jin-Ju , Lee Sun-Uk , Kim Jae-Myung , Oh Sun-Young
Published: October 2023

The ultimate role of ocular movements is to keep the image of an object within the fovea and thereby prevent image slippage on the retina. Accurate evaluations of eye movements provide very useful information for understanding the functions of the oculomotor system and determining abnormalities therein. Such evaluations also play an important role in enabling accurate diagnoses by identifying the location of lesions and discriminating from other diseases. There are various types of ocular movements, and this article focuses on saccades, fast eye movements, smooth pursuit, and slow eye movements, which are the most important types of eye movements used in evaluations performed in clinical practice.
Nociplastic pain
Authors: Cho Jeong Hee
Published: October 2023

Nociplastic pain refers to pain arising from altered nociception without evidence of tissue or somatosensory damage. It encompasses various clinical conditions with shared neurophysiological mechanisms involving different organ systems. Nociplastic pain can occur independently or alongside chronic pain conditions with a nociceptive or neuropathic origin. This review introduces the concept of nociplastic pain, its clinical manifestations and the underlying pathophysiology. Taking a biopsychosocial approach can lead to a better understanding of nociplastic pain and improved treatment outcomes for affected individuals.
Gladiolus production as a function of growing environment conditions: a scientometric analysis
Authors: Santos Bruno Henrique Vale dos , Caetano Jordana Moura
Published: October 2023

Lately, an increase in the commercialization of gladiolus has been observed, making it necessary to know information that contributes to the optimization of its production. Such information can be obtained from the scientometric analysis. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform a scientometric analysis of the global scientific literature to quantify the studies on gladiolus and to specify in the Brazilian scientific literature the results
Effects of plant biostimulants and plant growth regulator applications on plant growth in lilium 'Adelante'
Authors: Sarı ömer
Published: October 2023

This experiment was designed, it was determined the effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost, promalin applications on development of plant properties in a bulbous plant, Lilyum 'Adelante. Flower branch length (cm), flower branch diameter (mm), internode number, flower bud number, flower bud length (cm), flower stem length (cm), flower width (cm), flower length (cm), number of leaves and leaf length (cm) were measured. The results showed that no treatment increased plant height more than control plants, but each application had different effects on other plant characteristics. As a matter of fact, mycorrhiza increased internode number, flower bud number, flower bud length, flower stem length, flower length, number of leaves and leaf length by 6.3%, 15.6%, 14.2%, 6%, 40%, 10.3%, 2.9% and 6%, respectively. Vermicompost increased flower bud length, flower length and leaf length by 6.6, 12, 15.3% and 16.1%, respectively. Promalin, on the other hand, increased the flower stem length, flower length and leaf length by 56.3% and 15.4%, respectively. The application of mycorrhiza together with Promalin did not have a different effect than the application of Promalin alone, and even showed a lower effect than the application of Promalin alone. Mycorrhiza, on the other hand, was the application that showed the best effect compared to other applications. Therefore, it can be recommended for plant growth in lilies. However, due to the effect of application time and dose on flowering time, it is possible to obtain different results in plant development in lilies.
Epidural Labor Analgesia pada Ibu Hamil dengan Blok Total Atrioventrikuler yang Terinfeksi Coronavisrus Disease–19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ilahi Oktavian Rizki , Kurniawaty Juni , Apsari Ratih Kumala Fajar
Published: October 2023

Latar Belakang: Melahirkan tanpa rasa sakit merupakan salah satu hak dari ibu hamil. Pemilihan persalinan dengan epidural tentu akan menjadi pilihan untuk meminimalisir nyeri persalinan, terutama ditujukan pada pasien dengan problem jantung untuk meminimalisir stres selama persalinan.Kasus: Kami laporkan pasien wanita 29 tahun dengan G1P0A0, usia kehamilan 40 minggu dengan riwayat total AV blok yang sedang mengalami persalinan yang direncanakan melahirkan bayi pervaginam, saat hari admisi pasien diskrining swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dan dinyatakan terkonfirmasi infeksi coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Pasien kemudian dipasang epidural, monitor invasif artery line, dan dirawat di ruang isolasi intensif. Nyeri terkontrol dengan epidural kontinyu, tidak ada keterlambatan maju pada persalinan, dan kondisi hemodinamik ibu stabil sampai bayi dilahirkan dengan penilaian appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) skor 9.Pembahasan: Teknik neuraksial terutama epidural merupakan pilihan utama analgesi maupun anestesi pada pasien dengan total AV blok dikarenakan memiliki analgetik poten serta meminimalisir gejolak hemodinamik apabila akan segera dilakukan operasi sesar.Kesimpulan: Penggunaan permanent pacemaker tidak direkomendasikan pada pasien asimtomatik namun kardiolog harus dilibatkan untuk sewaktu – waktu memasang temporary pacemaker seperti pada pasien ini. Selain itu penggunaan epidural memungkinkan untuk diberi dosis kontinyu ataupun patient controlled epidural analgesia pada pasien isolasi intensif dengan infeksi COVID-19.
Classification and authentication of operating conditions in different processes using Partial Least Squares
Authors: Chandra Rubal , Kundu Madhusree
Published: October 2023

Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a supervised multivariate statistical/machine learning technique, which is used for classification and identification/authentication of a variety of operating conditions in tomato juice concentrator/evaporator, yeast fermentation bioreactor and fluid catalytic cracking process plants. Data for the three processes were generated pertaining to different operating conditions (for each of them) including faulty ones by simulating their mechanistic models over 25 h. The simulated data at transient conditions were chosen for further processing. They were divided into training and testing data pools. After training, the developed PLS model could classify various process operating conditions 100 % accurately and identify unknown process operating conditions (simulated using training pool with certain degree of variations in them) pertaining to the processes.
Comparative study of the stable carbon isotope ratio of cellulose, lignin and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca
Authors: Dougabka Dao , Bianzeube Tikri , Amadji Togbé Armel , Gérard Jean , Djonglibet Wel-Doret , Bentaleb Ilham
Published: October 2023

This study involved analysing the carbon-13 isotope ratio (δ13C) of cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca to determine the optimal substrate for future ecophysiological studies. From seven different trees (i.e., three from the Sudanian zone and four from the Chadian Sahelian zone), 21 samples were taken for this study. Identical variation trends were observed with cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, with δ13C values for cellulose always higher than for the other substrates, although the trees were located under different climatic conditions. The means obtained were −26.0 ‰, −28.7 ‰, and −27.1 ‰, for cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, respectively. Spearman’s correlation test, which was used to analyse relationships between the results, revealed a strong correlation (r
2 = 0.93) between the δ13C cellulose values and those of whole wood powder from B. aegyptiaca, as well as between the δ13C cellulose values and those of lignin (r
2 = 0.73). This strong correlation between cellulose and wood powder results, and between cellulose and lignin, suggests that the isolation of cellulose is not necessary for δ13C analysis of B. aegyptiaca wood.
The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Dehe , Chen Ling , Zhou Jing , Ren Binbin , Chen Haijun
Published: October 2023

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver inflammatory disease with various immune system manifestations, showing a global trend of increased prevalence. AIH is diagnosed through histological abnormalities, clinical manifestations, and biochemical indicators. The biochemical markers involve interfacial hepatitis, transaminase abnormalities, positive autoantibodies, etc. Although AIH pathogenesis is unclear, gene mutations and immunological factors could be the leading factors. AIH usually presents as a chronic liver disease and sometimes as acute hepatitis, making it challenging to distinguish it from drug-related hepatitis due to similar clinical symptoms. Normalizing transaminases and serum IgG levels is essential in assessing the remission status of AIH treatment. Glucocorticoids and azathioprine are the first-line AIH treatment, with lifelong maintenance therapy in some patients. The quality of life and survival can be improved after appropriate treatment. However, certain limitations jeopardize the quality of treatment, including long treatment cycles, side effects, poor patient compliance, and inability to inhibit liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Accurate AIH animal models will help us understand the pathophysiology of the disease while providing fresh perspectives for avoiding and treating AIH. This review will help us understand AIH better, from the cellular and molecular causes to the clinical features, and will provide insight into new therapy techniques with fewer side effects.
The crystal structure of hexakis(3-thiophenecarboxylato-κ
2
O,O″)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ
2
N,N′) trimanganese(II), C54H34N4O12S6Mn3
Authors: Zhou Lili , Zhang Zhongyu , Men Xiaoxia , Zhang Yaxuan
Published: October 2023

C54H34N4O12S6Mn3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.0140(4) Å, b = 22.3222(9) Å, c = 11.2886(5) Å, β = 105.436(1)°, Z = 2, V = 2675.27(19) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0361, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0846, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-(4,5-dihydropyren-2-yl)methanimine, C24H16N2S
Authors: Shen Lingyi , Gong Qianjin , Xu Na , Xu Xiaoling , Jiang Mengna , Zhao Jiang , Huang Ya-Li , Wang Zhi-Yong , Zhang Qi-Long
Published: October 2023

C24H16N2S, monoclinic, P21
/n (no. 14), a = 18.443(2) Å, b = 4.0161(6) Å, c = 23.396(4) Å, β = 99.246(6)°, V = 1710.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0589, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1173, T = 273.15 K.