bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of surface carbon on the performance of cesiated p-GaN photocathodes with high quantum efficiency
Authors: Schaber Jana , Xiang Rong , Teichert Jochen , Arnold André , Murcek Petr , Zwartek Paul , Ryzhov Anton , Ma Shuai , Gatzmaga Stefan , Michel Peter
Published: February 2023

This study shows residual surface carbon’s influence on photocathodes’ quantum efficiency based on p-GaN grown on sapphire by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) built in an ultrahigh vacuum system allowed the in-situ monitoring of the photocathode surface beginning immediately after their cleaning and throughout the activation and degradation processes. An atomically clean surface is necessary to achieve a negative electron affinity, which is the main prerequisite for high quantum efficiency. The p-GaN samples were cleaned with ethanol and underwent a sub-sequential thermal vacuum cleaning. Although carbon and oxygen contaminations are expected to be undesired impurities from the metal organic chemical vapor deposition, which remained on the surface, p-GaN could still form a negative electron affinity surface when exclusively activated with cesium. After the activation with cesium, a shift to a higher binding energy of the photoemission peaks was observed, and a new species, a so-called cesium carbide, was formed, growing over time. The XPS data elucidated the critical role of these cesium carbide species in photocathode degradation. The X-ray damage to the p-GaN:Cs photocathodes, especially the influence on the cesium, was additionally discussed.
Predictive models in emergency medicine and their missing data strategies: a systematic review
Authors: Arnaud Emilien , Elbattah Mahmoud , Ammirati Christine , Dequen Gilles , Ghazali Daniel Aiham
Published: February 2023

In the field of emergency medicine (EM), the use of decision support tools based on artificial intelligence has increased markedly in recent years. In some cases, data are omitted deliberately and thus constitute “data not purposely collected” (DNPC). This accepted information bias can be managed in various ways: dropping patients with missing data, imputing with the mean, or using automatic techniques (e.g., machine learning) to handle or impute the data. Here, we systematically reviewed the methods used to handle missing data in EM research. A systematic review was performed after searching PubMed with the query “(emergency medicine OR emergency service) AND (artificial intelligence OR machine learning)”. Seventy-two studies were included in the review. The trained models variously predicted diagnosis in 25 (35%) publications, mortality in 21 (29%) publications, and probability of admission in 21 (29%) publications. Eight publications (11%) predicted two outcomes. Only 15 (21%) publications described their missing data. DNPC constitute the “missing data” in EM machine learning studies. Although DNPC have been described more rigorously since 2020, the descriptions in the literature are not exhaustive, systematic or homogeneous. Imputation appears to be the best strategy but requires more time and computational resources. To increase the quality and the comparability of studies, we recommend inclusion of the TRIPOD checklist in each new publication, summarizing the machine learning process in an explicit methodological diagram, and always publishing the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve—even when it is not the primary outcome.
The unequal burden of human-wildlife conflict
Authors: Braczkowski Alexander R. , O’Bryan Christopher J. , Lessmann Christian , Rondinini Carlo , Crysell Anna P. , Gilbert Sophie , Stringer Martin , Gibson Luke , Biggs Duan
Published: February 2023

Human-wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing sustainable development challenges globally. This is particularly the case where ecologically and economically important wildlife impact the livelihoods of humans. Large carnivores are one such group and their co-occurrence with low-income rural communities often results in real or perceived livestock losses that place increased costs on already impoverished households. Here we show the disparities associated with the vulnerability to conflict arising from large carnivores on cattle (Bos taurus) globally. Across the distribution of 18 large carnivores, we find that the economic vulnerability to predation losses (as measured by impacts to annual per capita income) is between two and eight times higher for households in transitioning and developing economies when compared to developed ones. This potential burden is exacerbated further in developing economies because cattle keepers in these areas produce on average 31% less cattle meat per animal than in developed economies. In the lowest-income areas, our estimates suggest that the loss of a single cow or bull equates to nearly a year and a half of lost calories consumed by a child. Finally, our results show that 82% of carnivore range falls outside protected areas, and five threatened carnivores have over one third of their range located in the most economically sensitive conflict areas. This unequal burden of human-carnivore conflict sheds light on the importance of grappling with multiple and conflicting sustainable development goals: protecting life on land and eliminating poverty and hunger.
RhoGDIα regulates spermatogenesis through Rac1/cofilin/F-actin signaling
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Wen Zongzhuang , Zhang Aizhen , Liu Dongyue , Wang Hongxiang , Cheng Yin , Yang Xing , Xiao Yu , Li Jianyuan , Sun Daqing , Wu Bin , Gao Jiangang
Published: February 2023

Spermatogenesis is an extremely complex process, and any obstruction can cause male infertility. RhoGDIα has been identified as a risk of male sterility. In this study, we generate RhoGDIα knockout mice, and find that the males have severely low fertility. The testes from RhoGDIα−/− mice are smaller than that in WT mice. The numbers of spermatogonia and spermatocytes are decreased in RhoGDIα−/− testis. Spermatogenesis is compromised, and spermatocyte meiosis is arrested at zygotene stage in RhoGDIα−/− mice. Acrosome dysplasia is also observed in sperms of the mutant mice. At the molecular level, RhoGDIα deficiency activate the LIMK/cofilin signaling pathway, inhibiting F-actin depolymerization, impairing testis and inducing low fertility in mouse. In addition, the treatment of RhoGDIα−/− mice with Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 alleviate testis injury and improve sperm quality by inhibiting the LIMK/cofilin/F-actin pathway during spermatogenesis. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized RhoGDIα/Rac1/F-actin-dependent mechanism involved in spermatogenesis and male fertility.
RAGA prevents tumor immune evasion of LUAD by promoting CD47 lysosome degradation
Authors: Zhang Lian , Yu Jing , Zheng Mingyue , Zhen Hui , Xie Qingqiang , Zhang Chundong , Zhou Zhongjun , Jin Guoxiang
Published: February 2023

CD47 is a macrophage-specific immune checkpoint protein acting by inhibiting phagocytosis. However, the underlying mechanism maintaining CD47 protein stability in cancer is not clear. Here we show that CD47 undergoes degradation via endocytosis/lysosome pathway. The lysosome protein RAGA interacts with and promotes CD47 lysosome localization and degradation. Disruption of RAGA blocks CD47 degradation, leading to CD47 accumulation, high plasma membrane/intracellular CD47 expression ratio and reduced phagocytic clearance of cancer cells. RAGA deficiency promotes tumor growth due to the accumulation of CD47, which sensitizes the tumor to CD47 blockade. Clinical analysis shows that RAGA and CD47 proteins are negatively correlated in lung adenocarcinoma patient samples. High RAGA protein level is related to longer patient survival. In addition, RAGAhighCD47low patients show the longest overall survival. Our study thereby not only reveals a mechanism by which RAGA regulates CD47 lysosome degradation, but also suggests RAGA is a potential diagnostic biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Network analysis of 16S rRNA sequences suggests microbial keystone taxa contribute to marine N2O cycling
Authors: Jameson Brett D. , Murdock Sheryl A. , Ji Qixing , Stevens Catherine J. , Grundle Damian S. , Kim Juniper S.
Published: February 2023

The mechanisms by which large-scale microbial community function emerges from complex ecological interactions between individual taxa and functional groups remain obscure. We leveraged network analyses of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences obtained over a seven-month timeseries in seasonally anoxic Saanich Inlet (Vancouver Island, Canada) to investigate relationships between microbial community structure and water column N2O cycling. Taxa separately broadly into three discrete subnetworks with contrasting environmental distributions. Oxycline subnetworks were structured around keystone aerobic heterotrophs that correlated with nitrification rates and N2O supersaturations, linking N2O production and accumulation to taxa involved in organic matter remineralization. Keystone taxa implicated in anaerobic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in anoxic environments clustered together in a low-oxygen subnetwork that correlated positively with nitrification N2O yields and N2O production from denitrification. Close coupling between N2O producers and consumers in the anoxic basin is indicated by strong correlations between the low-oxygen subnetwork, PICRUSt2-predicted nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene abundances, and N2O undersaturation. This study implicates keystone taxa affiliated with common ODZ groups as a potential control on water column N2O cycling and provides a theoretical basis for further investigations into marine microbial interaction networks.
Dating mylonitic overprinting of ancient rocks
Authors: Kirkland Christopher L. , Olierook Hugo K. H. , Danišík Martin , Liebmann Janne , Hollis Julie , Ribeiro Bruno V. , Rankenburg Kai
Published: February 2023

Deformation in shear zones is difficult to date because mylonites can preserve partially reset pre-existing isotopic signatures. However, mylonites can be key structural elements in terrane recognition, so an accurate estimation of their age is important. Here we determine the in situ Rb–Sr isotopic composition of mica from major NE-SW trending mylonitic zones in the Archean Akia Terrane of Greenland and complement this information with inverse thermal history modelling. Rb–Sr isochrons indicate a dominant age of radiogenic-Sr accumulation in biotite of around 1750 million years (Ma) ago. Yet, magmatic titanite is unreset yielding a U–Pb age of around 2970 Ma. These constraints require that biotite Rb–Sr directly dates mylonitic fabric generation. The 1750 Ma mylonites, associated with the Proterozoic Nagssugtoqidian Orogeny, overprint Archean crust widely regarded as preserving evidence of early Earth horizontal tectonics.
On the co-elution of benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in chromatographic fractions and their unambiguous determination in tobacco extracts via laser-excited time resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy
Authors: Comas Ahmed , Santana Anthony , Campiglia Andres D.
Published: February 2023

High performance liquid chromatography is widely used for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a wide variety of samples.
MoS2/PDA@Cu composite as a peroxidase-mimicking enzyme with high-effect antibacterial and anticancer activity
Authors: Liu Junli , Shen Jiahao , Wang Yile , Dong Chenfeng , Liu Jin , Yi Yunxiao , Liu Hui , Bao Yan , Hui AiPing , Wang Aiqin
Published: February 2023

In this study, the obtained MoS2/PDA@Cu nanozyme, which utilizes PDA as an electron transport channel between MoS2 and Cu Nps and growth site for smaller-sized Cu Nps, shows excellent peroxidase-like activity and antibacterial properties.
Aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols arising from solid biomass fuel burning
Authors: Choudhary Vikram , Roson Max Loebel , Guo Xinyang , Gautam Tania , Gupta Tarun , Zhao Ran
Published: February 2023

The fate of BrC in aqueous systems such as clouds and fog droplets does not depend on solid biomass types.
Eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats with CD36 mutation: a precise nutrition strategy
Authors: Yang Jin-Yue , Zhang Lingyu , Zhang Tian-Tian , Wang Cheng-Cheng , Zhao Ying-Cai , Li Xiao-Yue , Wang Yu-Ming , Xue Chang-Hu
Published: February 2023

Eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PLs) alleviated abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in case of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mutation.
Circular economy in hot-dip galvanizing with zinc and iron recovery from spent pickling acids
Authors: Arguillarena Andrea , Margallo María , Arruti-Fernández Axel , Pinedo Javier , Gómez Pedro , Ortiz Inmaculada , Urtiaga Ane
Published: February 2023

The management of spent pickling acids (SPA) is an environmental challenge for the hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) industry. We demonstrate at pilot scale the recovery of iron chloride from the SPA of HDG and its reuse at a WWTP facility
Nitrogen atom insertion into indenes to access isoquinolines
Authors: Finkelstein Patrick , Reisenbauer Julia C. , Botlik Bence B. , Green Ori , Florin Andri , Morandi Bill
Published: February 2023

We report a convenient protocol for a nitrogen atom insertion into indenes to afford isoquinolines. The strategy further enables the synthesis of pyridines from cyclopentadienes and a facile access to15N labelled isoquinolines.
Three-dimensionally semi-ordered macroporous air electrodes for metal–oxygen batteries
Authors: Lim Hyung-Seok , Kwak Won-Jin , Nguyen Dan Thien , Wang Wei , Xu Wu , Zhang Ji-Guang
Published: February 2023

A three-dimensionally semi-ordered macroporous air electrode can minimize the blocking of air electrodes and improve performance of metal oxygen batteries.
Photochromic/electrochromic strain sensor with a fast and reversible light-printing ability
Authors: Liang Jundang , Li Botian , Gai Xiaodong , Li Ning , Wang Jian , Zhang Yichi , Zhou Qiong , Sun Yuchao
Published: February 2023

A strain sensor with photochromism and electrochromism was designed and fabricated based on the composite of MoO3−x and PEDOT:PSS; the strain sensor exhibited the performance of fast light printing and electroerasing.
A chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel for accelerating infected wound healing
Authors: Cui Haohao , Cui Bingbing , Chen Huiying , Geng Xiwen , Geng Xingchen , Li Zhanrong , Cao Shaokui , Shen Jianliang , Li Jingguo
Published: February 2023

A self-healing antibacterial hydrogel was fabricated for accelerating infected wound healing. This hydrogel possesses biocompatible, self-healing, antibacterial and antibiotic-free properties, and thus is promising as a wound dressing.
Designing a simple polymerisation route for homogeneous SiOx/C spheres as a lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Liu Yang , Chen Liming , Yuan Guohui
Published: February 2023

Based on a simple polymerisation route, the homogeneous SiOx/C spheres achieved a stable cycling life.
N-doped carbon nanowire array confined cobalt phosphides as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Ning Shunlian , Wu Qikai , Zhu Yuguang , Liu Shilong , Zhou Wei , Mi Luo , Zhou Kai , Zhao Dengke , Zhang Xiyun , Wang Nan
Published: February 2023

A copper foam supported N-doped carbon nanowire array confined CoP nanoparticle hybrid (CoP@NCNWAs/CF) as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Control of intramolecular singlet fission in a pentacene dimer by hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Kinoshita Tomokazu , Nakamura Shunta , Harada Makoto , Hasobe Taku , Fukuhara Gaku
Published: February 2023

We investigated singlet fission (SF) effects of a biphenyl-bridged pentacene dimer upon hydrostatic pressurization, revealing that the desolvation process in polar solvents plays an important role in the SF dynamics under high pressure.
Hydrothermal synthesis of stable lead-free Cs4MnBi2Cl12 perovskite single crystals for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Qi Xiao-Feng , Zhang Fei , Chen Zhi-Peng , Chen Xu , Jia Mo-Chen , Ji Hui-Fang , Shi Zhi-Feng
Published: February 2023

For the first time, Cs4MnBi2Cl12 single crystals were employed for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Joint experiment–theory characterizations reveal the good stability, high recovery and utilization rates of Cs4MnBi2Cl12.
The enemy within: lipid asymmetry in intracellular parasite–host interactions
Authors: Fraser Merryn , Matuschewski Kai , Maier Alexander G.
Published: February 2023

Eukaryotic pathogens with an intracellular parasitic lifestyle are shielded from extracellular threats during replication and growth. In addition to many nutrients, parasites scavenge host cell lipids to establish complex membrane structures inside their host cells. To counteract the disturbance of the host cell plasma membrane they have evolved strategies to regulate phospholipid asymmetry. In this review, the function and importance of lipid asymmetry in the interactions of intracellular protozoan parasites with the target and immune cells of the host are highlighted. The malaria parasite Plasmodium infects red blood cells and extensively refurbishes these terminally differentiated cells. Cholesterol depletion and an altered intracellular calcium ion homeostasis can lead to disruption in erythrocyte membrane asymmetry and increased exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Binding to the PS receptor on monocytes and macrophages results in phagocytosis and destruction of infected erythrocytes. Leishmania parasites display apoptotic mimicry by actively enhancing PS exposure on their surface to trigger increased infection of macrophages. In extracellular Toxoplasma gondii a P4-type ATPase/CDC50 co-chaperone pair functions as a flippase important for exocytosis of specialised secretory organelles. Identification and functional analysis of parasite lipid-translocating proteins, i.e. flippases, floppases, and scramblases, will be central for the recognition of the molecular mechanisms of parasite/host interactions. Ultimately, a better understanding of parasitic diseases, host immunity, and immune escape by parasites require more research on the dynamics of phospholipid bilayers of parasites and the infected host cell.
An accurate shared bicycle detection network based on faster R‐CNN
Authors: Li Lingqiao , Wang Xiangkai , Yang Mengyu , Zhang Hongwei
Published: February 2023

Detecting shared bicycles is an essential and challenging task. Deep learning has been widely used in object detection tasks in urban scenes, such as vehicle detection. However, deep learning algorithms still face many difficulties and challenges in shared bicycle detection. For example, the problem of large deformation of shared bicycles and the problem of small targets because the camera is far away from the shared bicycles. In order to solve these problems, this study introduces the feature fusion module and deformable convolution into the object detection network, which improves the efficiency of shared bicycle detection. This study proposes an enhanced faster R‐CNN network (A classic two‐stage object detection network) for shared bicycle detection and a shared bicycle dataset (SBD) is constructed for model training and testing. Compared with the original faster R‐CNN, the mean average precision (mAP) of the enhanced method on SBD is improved by 13%, which indicates that the method provided in this study is more suitable for detecting shared bicycles. This study also conducts experiments on the Microsoft Common Objects (COCO) dataset, where this method achieves 40.2% of the mAP, which is 5.8% higher than faster R‐CNN before improvement.
Métabolisme associé aux systèmes agri-alimentaires : enjeux et diversité d’approches dans la communauté de recherche française
Authors: Madelrieux Sophie , Redlingshöfer Barbara
Published: February 2023

Dans un contexte de crise écologique et énergétique où il convient de mieux appréhender comment ré-inscrire les systèmes agri-alimentaires à la fois dans les territoires et les limites planétaires, les recherches sur le métabolisme des sociétés se multiplient. Elles ont différentes origines, mais se rejoignent sur l’importance de prendre en considération les bases matérielles et énergétiques du fonctionnement de notre société. La mobilisation du concept de métabolisme des sociétés se déploie pour appréhender les systèmes agri-alimentaires surtout à partir des années 2010, alors que son origine est bien plus ancienne. Cet article propose de présenter une revue des travaux dans la communauté française s’intéressant aux systèmes agri-alimentaires par des approches socio-métaboliques. Partant d’un recensement de 90 publications, nous montrons la diversité des approches renvoyant à différents enjeux associés à des dimensions matérielles, biogéochimiques, énergétiques, géographiques, économiques, d’organisation des acteurs et de gouvernance, culturelles et sociales du métabolisme social. Ces approches se déploient sur une variété de systèmes, de l’échelle mondiale à l’exploitation agricole, et avec trois grands types d’usage : comprendre les processus en jeu et scénariser des transformations ; identifier les vulnérabilités des systèmes ; rendre visible l’invisible pour l’action et les politiques publiques. Nous discutons les positionnements de la communauté française, notamment par rapport à la communauté internationale, afin d’en dégager des perspectives de recherches.
ECH and ECCD modelling studies for DTT
Authors: Baiocchi Benedetta , Figini Lorenzo , Bruschi Alessandro , Fanale Francesco , Garavaglia Saul , Granucci Gustavo , Romano Afra
Published: February 2023

In this work the Electron Cyclotron (EC) physics performances of the EC system foreseen for the new Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) are investigated using the beam tracing code GRAY on the flat top phase of the most recent DTT full power scenario. The whole core plasma region can be reached by EC beams with complete absorption, assuring bulk heating and core current drive (CD) for profile tailoring, and NTM mitigation in correspondence of the rational surfaces. A detailed analysis regarding modifications of the EC propagation, absorption and CD location due to density fluctuations caused by pellet injection is performed. The compatibility between the EC system and the pellet injection system is verified: the density variations due to pellet injection are foreseen to negligibly influence the EC performances, allowing the EC beams to reach the plasma central region for bulk heating and to drive current on the rational surfaces for NTM mitigation. Finally, the polarization variations originated by the angle steering foreseen for the operational and physics tasks accomplishment during the flat top phase of the discharge are assessed. Negligible power losses have been found keeping fixed polarization during the needed steering.
Physics Studies for Assessment of Requirement of Displacement Compensation System for ITER ECE Diagnostic
Authors: Danani S. , Pandya Hitesh Kumar B. , Vaghashiya Pratik , Padasalagi Shrishail , Kumar Ravinder , Rowan W. L. , Ziegel J. P. , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2023

The Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) diagnostic has the key function of measuring the core electron temperature profile and electron temperature fluctuation, from the intensity of electron cyclotron radiation emitted from the plasma along the major radius. The ECE diagnostic consists of three main systems: (1) front-end optics, which collects the radiation from the plasma, (2) transmission lines including polarizer splitter unit, which transports the ordinary and extraordinary ECE emission modes separately from the front-end and distributes it to the instrumentation, and (3) detection and analysis instrumentation which is housed at a distance from the tokamak, in the diagnostics building [1]. With its high electron temperatures and harsh environment, ITER presents various challenges for the diagnostic system. One of the most insidious is the misalignment between the in-vessel front-end optics and the ex-vessel transmission line which is caused by vibration of the vacuum vessel during operational and baking phases. Since the electron temperature is inferred from the intensity of the ECE, transient misalignment may lead to poor accuracy in this critical measurement. These displacements are expected to be ~ 15 mm in vertical (z) and horizontal (x) directions, and ~ 5 mm in the toroidal (y) direction. It is important to minimize the effect of these displacements, so that the system maintains alignment during operation, and reliable temperature information is attained. Our objective is to first study the coupling losses due to imperfect coupling of Gaussian beams owing to port plug displacements. Measurements are done to determine the power loss due to coupling of offset beams experimentally. The measured value for coupling loss is ~2 dB at 120 GHz, which is quite high, and it is therefore concluded that a mechanism is needed to compensate for the displacements.
High power mm-wave loss measurements of ITER ex-vessel waveguide components at the FALCON test facility at the Swiss Plasma Center
Authors: Goodman Timothy P. , Torreblanca Humberto , Marraco Borderas Cinta , Chavan René , Mas Sanchez Avelino , Xydou Anastasia , Cavinato Mario , Cindric Katarina
Published: February 2023

Many future fusion devices will rely heavily, if not solely, on electron cyclotron (EC) heating subsystems to provide bulk heating, instability control (neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) stabilization), and thermal instability control. Efficient use of the installed heating power (gyrotrons) requires low-loss transmission of the power over 100s of meters since the mm-wave sources need to be installed where the stray magnetic field has a small amplitude. Transmission lines are used to propagate the mm-wave power over this long distance. Quasi-optical techniques (mirrors) are used at W7X and are planned for DTT, for example. Guided components are installed at DIII-D, TCV and elsewhere and are planned at JT60SA and ITER. High power test facilities exist to evaluate the power transmission of assemblies of guided components (transmission lines). The European test facility FALCON was setup by Switzerland and Fusion for Energy (F4E) in Lausanne Switzerland at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) in the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Operations are funded through a framework contract with F4E. SPC operates the facility. Two ITER-class 170GHz gyrotrons are housed within the facility and used to evaluate the thermal behaviour of components provided by various ITER partners. Loss measurements are presented for miter bends and waveguides of several materials at two different diameters. The results are used to model the expected losses in the ITER ex-vessel waveguides (EW) of all five EC launchers.
Effect of TiO2 inoculants on the wear conduct of the aluminium AA 6061/red mud high performance hybrid composite
Authors: Hugar Niranjan , Narayana B. Venkata , Nagaraja Santhosh , Waddar Sunil
Published: February 2023

The current work focuses on the manufacturing of aluminium AA 6061 composites and its tribological characterization. This is achieved by reinforcing the matrix with red mud. However, the uniform dispersion of red mud requires ultrasonic assisted stir casting and the use of optimum wt.% of TiO2 inoculants. In this regard, the composition of red mud is fixed at 2 wt.%, since the addition of red mud beyond 2 wt.% results in the agglomeration, while the wt.% of TiO2 inoculants is varied from 2 wt.% to 6 wt.%. The wear tests are conducted as per the L9- Orthogonal Array (OA) for a load range of 10 N to 30 N, sliding distance of 500 m to 2500 m, disk rotation speed of 200 RPM to 600 RPM. The regression coefficients are more than 0.9 and close to unity and the error between the experimental outcomes and statistical values are within the tolerance band. The SWR and COF is minimized for 2 wt.% of red mud, 4 wt.% of TiO2, beyond which there is a slight increase in the wear of the composites attributed to the agglomeration of the reinforcments in certain localized regions and the presence of voids in other regions.
Application and Research on Foreign Language Teaching in the Context of Digital Transformation
Authors: Yang Liu Ming
Published: February 2023

Digital transformation of education is the focus and hot spot of education reform at present, and digital transformation will bring radical changes to the field of education and teaching. Foreign language teaching, because of its special characteristics, can receive more attention and changes, and can produce a process from quantitative to qualitative changes. How to make a good digital transformation of foreign language teaching is very important to promote foreign language teaching methods, innovation and application as well as to explore new teaching modes under digital conditions. Through the introduction of the current background and the research of the current situation at home and abroad, this paper elaborates the significance of digital transformation of foreign language teaching, and introduces the teaching scenarios, teaching contents and teaching forms under digital transformation respectively, and finally summarizes the current opportunities and challenges.
A Study of Educational Policy from the Perspective of Language Education Planning
Authors: Tang Wenwen , Shen Shixin , Li Xinyi , Sun Xiaohui , Zhou Jie , Li Liuyi , Liu Guotong
Published: February 2023

Language is the most significant medium of human communication and one of the most crucial marks of a nation’s identity. Language differences are becoming a major source of worry and importance in contemporary multi-ethnic states. Language policies are developed and put into practice in these nations in a way that not only considers the historical, political, economic, and cultural aspects of the nation, but also protects the relationships and interests of the many nationalities. This study is divided into the following major sections. The introduction, which is the first section, includes a discussion of the topic’s goals and rationale, a review of the literature, the methodology and organizational framework of the paper, and an explanation of the paper’s important topics. The second section provides the policy’s overall backdrop, including the political and economic climate, the state of the language, the educational system, and the industry where it is formed. Language education policy development has the following characteristics: it is heavily impacted by political economics, and language education policy at the national and state level reflects both generalities and particularities. Language teaching and learning activities include early language education for children, a focus on communication activities and teacher training, and a close integration of school and home education. There is debate over whether teaching children’s multiple languages as part of their compulsory education causes stress for them. The implications of language education programs in other regions for China are examined in the final commentary.
A study on the application of PBL teaching method in the blended learning of Brand Image Design
Authors: Jiang Qian
Published: February 2023

Since 2020, due to the impact of the epidemic, blended teaching has gradually become the mainstream development direction of course teaching. Based on the special attributes of creative thinking, online classes are difficult for design disciplines. This study takes the course Brand Image Design of Shanghai Sanda University as a practical object, and explores how to improve the efficiency and student acceptance of blended teaching by combining problem-oriented PBL teaching mode, online course website, online real-time collaborative design platform and other Internet tools.
HEALINGA Brief Analysis on the Artistic Features and Functions of Animal Characters in Healing Animation
Authors: Gong Yizhao
Published: February 2023

As an art type with a typical missionary function, healing animation has become an essential creative type with its unique spiritual soothing feature. The healing animation that soothes our minds and gives us persistent comfort can leave audiences in a positive mood and spiritual solace. Today, all kinds of animal characters are increasing in animation; the shaping of characters plays a vital role in contributing to healing animation. This article analyzed the artistic features and functions of animals in animation works of healing systems and interpreted the roles of these animals, aiming at laying the foundation for making more touching animation works.
Hei Huamei: A discussion of the Possibility of Hierarchical Communication
Authors: Xu Baodan
Published: February 2023

Hei Huamei, Lao Teng’s novel collection, actively intervenes in social reality, effectively integrates novel creation with real life, and presents constructive power in thinking and creation. It presents the social reality and intellectual class localization and interprets ordinary people differently. Taking “the local” as a link, Hei Huamei recognizes the potential for communication between two distant classes, reflecting the rare contingency awareness in creation. It undoubtedly bears a significant textual and social value in the contemporary social context.
Review of Movie Recommender Systems Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yao ZiXi
Published: February 2023

With the development of the network, society has moved into the data era, and the amount of data is exploding, we need a tool to help users find corresponding data collections based on their interests, and recommender systems were born for this purpose. In the movie field, recommender systems suggest items that users may like, improving the efficiency of finding movies and optimizing the user experience thus driving the growth of the movie industry. Machine learning is a multi-disciplinary science that focuses on how to improve the performance of algorithms by continuously reorganizing existing knowledge structures in a way that mimics human learning. Deep learning is a research direction in the field of machine learning that has achieved results in many areas that far surpass previous related techniques. In order to better provide personalized services to users and improve the accuracy of the system’s recommendations, it is necessary to integrate deep learning techniques into the recommender system to optimize the system’s performance. In this paper, we review different approaches in deep learning based recommender systems.
Connectivity and Barriers: Cross-cultural Advertising Communication
Authors: Xian Ma
Published: February 2023

The world has been connected into a large unified market, forming a global organic economy. Economic globalization has increased the number of multinational companies and transnational projects. Cross-cultural advertising is an indispensable part of the cultural inheritance of the brand’s origin country and the cultural exchange with other countries and regions. This paper analyzes the causes of cross-cultural advertising. It explains the issues that should be paid attention to when cross-cultural advertising carries out brand communication through positive and negative examples. Finally, this paper suggests the strategies enterprises should adopt when carrying out cross-cultural advertising communication and analyzes the prospects of cross-cultural advertising.
The Construction of Muslim Minorities Image and the Communication of National Image through Media Discourse - A Case Study of China CGTNs Documentary on Xinjiang Uyghurs
Authors: Zhou Xue , Zheng Jiaru
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, the Muslim community is under the spotlight. The ongoing international debate over Muslim minorities identities reflects the dilemma of their integration into non-Muslim modern multi-ethnic nations under the context of multiculturalism. One typical example is the heated debate between the West and China over Chinese Muslims, also known as Uyghurs, through media discourse. Western media, such as the BBC, claim that China assimilates and forces Uyghurs to integrate. The Chinese side, meanwhile, asserts that mainstream Western media reports are lies, smears, and fake. Facing the discourse challenges from the West, China applies media discourse to reinforce its understanding of Uyghurs in the international discourse system. The analysis reveals that the Chinese government has consciously aligned the image of Uyghurs with its Chinese national image, and building a real Xinjiang image on CGTN.
A Rare Pediatric Tumor: Supratentorial High-Grade Astroblastoma Presenting as a huge Mass
Authors: Sürmeli Deniz , Urfalı Boran , Özgür Tümay
Published: February 2023

Background Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial tumor of unknown origin, usually seen in children and young adults. It is usually localized to the cerebral hemisphere. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging show a well-demarcated, contrast-enhancing mass with a cystic area. Characteristic histological findings are perivascular pseudorosette formation and frequent vascular hyalinization. The presented case is a 3.7-month-old female patient diagnosed with high-grade astroblastoma.

Case Presentation We report the case of a 3.7-year-old female patient admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with strabismus for 25 days. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass that contained cystic and necrotic areas. The tumor mass has been totally resected and histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade astroblastoma.
Simulation of edge effects in thermophotovoltaic efficiency by Monte Carlo calculation
Authors: Liu Rubin , Guo Hongliang , Sun Qiang , Xue Chao , Yao Liyong , Zhang Heng , Qiu Jiawen , Tian Dai , Han Chengzhi
Published: February 2023

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) is one of the efficient ways that convert heat to electricity. The high-temperature emitter emits infrared photons omnidirectionally, and the view factor would be very larger compared with photovoltaic. This means that the effect of non-normal incidence will be very significant. In this work, we constructed a four-layer model consisting of the reflector, filter, anti-reflection-coating, and TPV cell. Based on the Monte Carlo algorithm, randomly generated photons that obey the black-body radiation distribution law on the surface of the emitter were tracked, and finally, the reached positions on the TPV cell were recorded. Calculations show that the density of photons received at the edge of the TPV is significantly less and depends on the interlayer spacing. We also analyzed the perimeter effect in the two-dimensional situation and gave possible optimization strategies.
Charge transfer cross sections and transport coefficients of 39K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K at low-energy
Authors: Bouchelaghem Fouzia , Bouledroua Moncef
Published: February 2023

The transport coefficients, diffusion D(T), and reduced mobility K0 are calculated for systems 39K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K in a thermal range between 1 and 3000 K within the Chapman–Enskog approximation. This is preceded by a theoretical study of the collision of alkaline ions in their gases for low and intermediate energies in the range 10−14 ≤ E ≤ 10−3 (a.u.), and within this field, we calculate the interaction energy potentials and elastic and charge-transfer cross sections and discuss the isotopic effects in the 39 K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K collisions.
Study on high power gyrotron multimode coupling launcher
Authors: Guohui Zhao , Jing Xiao , Zhigang Gao , Heng Zhang , Hongfang Yang
Published: February 2023

In this paper, an improved coupled-mode method is used to design a launcher for a gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter at 170 Ghz with an operating mode of TE32,9. The new method calculates 25 coupled modes, which more accurately simulates the field distribution in the launcher. The diffraction field of the launcher with a spiral cut is calculated by using the scalar diffraction integral method with fast Fourier transform. The radiation power of the launcher is 99.94%, the Gaussian mode content of the radiation beam is 98.40%, the diffraction loss of the launcher is 0.0580%, and the radiation efficiency is 98.34%. The method proposed in this paper is fast in calculation and can be applied to the large-scale high-frequency gyrotron launcher.
Analytical high-dimensional operators in canonical polyadic finite basis representation (CP-FBR)
Authors: Nadoveza Nataša , Panadés-Barrueta Ramón L. , Shi Lei , Gatti Fabien , Peláez Daniel
Published: February 2023

In the present work, we introduce a simple means of obtaining an analytical (i.e., grid-free) canonical polyadic (CP) representation of a multidimensional function that is expressed in terms of a set of discrete data. For this, we make use of an initial CP guess, even not fully converged, and a set of auxiliary basis functions [finite basis representation (FBR)]. The resulting CP-FBR expression constitutes the CP counterpart of our previous Tucker sum-of-products-FBR approach. However, as is well-known, CP expressions are much more compact. This has obvious advantages in high-dimensional quantum dynamics. The power of CP-FBR lies in the fact that it requires a grid much coarser than the one needed for the dynamics. In a subsequent step, the basis functions can be interpolated to any desired density of grid points. This is useful, for instance, when different initial conditions (e.g., energy content) of a system are to be considered. We show the application of the method to bound systems of increased dimensionality: H2 (3D), HONO (6D), and CH4 (9D).
Influence of thermochemical nonequilibrium on expansion tube air test conditions: A numerical study
Authors: Gu Sangdi , Hao Jiaao , Wang Qiu , Wen Chih-Yung
Published: February 2023

Using a Lagrangian solver, thermochemical nonequilibrium simulations are performed for the entire range of practical operating conditions of expansion tubes to isolate the influence of nonequilibrium and identify key features in large-scale facilities. Particular attention is given not only to the influence of the nonequilibrium unsteady expansion but also to the influences of the nonequilibrium region behind the primary shock and non-ideal secondary diaphragm rupture. The nonequilibrium unsteady expansion is found to be the most influential process in the test flow—it can significantly influence the flow properties and cause significant temporal variations in the properties during the test time. The nonequilibrium unsteady expansion is also found to accelerate the secondary shock and contact surface. The non-ideal secondary diaphragm rupture is found to increase the amount of nonequilibrium in the test flow due to the generation of a reflected shock. The nonequilibrium region behind the primary shock may be considered negligible in most conditions. Regarding the creation of thermochemical equilibrium test conditions, important factors for achieving this include having a high acceleration tube fill pressure, large-scale facility, and high total enthalpy. The combined effects of viscosity and nonequilibrium are postulated, and the results are supported by experimental works that report consistent findings. To provide an idea of the sensitivity of the numerical configuration, simulations of fixed-volume reactors at various de-excitation conditions are performed using different nonequilibrium models.
A model of flystrike pesticide resistance management on sheep: use of pesticide rotations
Authors: Benedetti Vallenari Pia , Bailey Andrew , Horton Brian J.
Published: February 2023

Context In some regions of Australia, the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) is resistant to some of the pesticides used to control flystrike in sheep. Few pesticide groups are available, so it is important to delay or prevent any increase in resistance. Aims This study examined some of the assumptions in a previously developed model of pesticide resistance and tested the use of pesticide rotations as a means of limiting blowfly resistance to pesticides. Methods A model of sheep blowfly pesticide resistance was added to a previous model of sheep blowfly strike, to allow simulation of a range of pesticide management options for control of flystrike in sheep that might avoid increasing pesticide resistance. Key results The model requires some assumptions of settings that are uncertain, but the effects are not sensitive to a wide range of values for these settings. Resistance may not be obvious for some years after a new product is introduced, but once it has been detected, the frequency of resistance genes will increase rapidly if use of the same pesticide continues. The use of different pesticide groups each year is preferable to continuous use of the same product, but this risks losing efficacy of multiple products rather than one product at a time. However, rotations do provide a longer period of good protection from flystrike before all products used in the rotation fail. The number of years of successful protection against flystrike is extended if there is a fitness disadvantage for resistance to the products used. Conclusions The model may be useful for examining interactions between genes for resistance to different pesticides and the effect of non-chemical methods of control of flystrike, to extend the useful life of the current range of pesticides. Implications By the time resistance is detected on a farm, the level of resistance is high and will increase rapidly if the same pesticides continue to be used. Other non-pesticide methods such as breeding sheep for resistance to flystrike may be long-term solutions where resistance has reduced pesticide protection.
Cultivating contexts for deliberative argumentation
Authors: Innocenti Beth
Published: February 2023

What strategies do social actors use to cultivate contexts for deliberative argumentation, and why do they expect them to work? Addressing this question advances understanding of actual deliberative argumentation and methods of analyzing and evaluating it. I analyze two keynote addresses designed to regulate discussions in conference panels that followed, and specifically discussions of how women ought to respond to racism. I find that the keynote speakers use strategies that bring to bear responsibilities inherent to the discussion form of consciousness-raising, including facing facts; listening, talking, and self-scrutinizing even when doing so is difficult or uncomfortable; and acting for change. The strategies make discussion responsibilities determinate, display the badness of moves that damage discussion, and show the speakers are exercising forbearance rather than withdrawing from discussion. These findings illustrate the need to consider how social actors communicatively cultivate local contexts for deliberative argumentation.
Why Second Language Acquisition of sign languages matters to general SLA research
Authors: Gullberg Marianne
Published: February 2023

SLA research is characterised by a striking homogeneity in the linguistic, social and geographical data we as a field draw on. Such empirical homogeneity is a potential threat to the validity and scope of our models and theories. This paper focuses on a particular gap in our knowledge, namely the SLA of sign languages. It outlines an argument as to why the SLA of sign matters to general SLA research in terms of the empirical representativity, generalisability, and validity of the conclusions in the field. It exemplifies three domains where the study of language acquisition across modalities could shed important light on theoretical issues in mainstream SLA/bilingualism research (e.g. learner varieties, explicit-implicit learning, and crosslinguistic influence), and highlight some of the methodological challenges involved in such work.