bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MITOTIC DELAY AND THE APPARENT SYNERGISM OF FAR‐RED RADIATION AND X‐RAYS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS*
Authors: Wolff Sheldon , Luippold H. E.
Published: February 2008

Abstract— The apparent synergism of far‐red radiation and X‐rays in the induction of chromosome aberrations has been found to be an artifact caused by a far‐red‐induced mitotic delay. Far red neither increases the number of X‐ray‐induced breaks nor decreases the amount of restitution (repair). It merely shifts the time of arrival of cells at metaphase where they can be scored. At any single given time after X‐irradiation, a different population of cells will be scored if far‐red as well as X‐rays are given. Since various portions of the cell cycle differ in their sensitivity to X‐rays, the far‐red‐induced mitotic delay can lead to apparent increases in aberration yields if cells are scored at only one time after X‐irradiation. When the whole cell cycle is sampled, however, far‐red is found not to affect the yield of aberrations.
THE EFFECT OF NATIVE ISOLOGOUS DNA ON THE INCORPORATION OF THYMIDINE‐H3INTO U.V. IRRADIATED L‐STRAIN CELLS
Authors: Djordjevič O. , Kostić Lj. , Kanazir D.
Published: February 2008

Abstract— The effect of highlypolymerized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) upon the incorporation rate of thymidine‐H3 into DNA of recipient L‐strain cells has been studied. The rate of incorporation of thymidine‐H3 is much faster in controls and irradiated cells than in irradiated treated with isologous DNA.
METABOLISM OF NUCLEIC ACIDS IN U.V. IRRADIATED L‐STRAIN CELLS TREATED WITH NATIVE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Authors: Kostić Lj. , Djordjevič O. , Kanazir D.
Published: February 2008

Abstract— In our earlier papers we described the recovery of U.V. irradiated L‐strain cells by means of nucleic acids. In an attempt to get better insight in the mechanism(s) leading to this recovery we studied the effect of native DNA on the metabolism of nucleic acids of recipient cells. In these experiments we have found that the label isologous DNA‐C14 is incorporated in DNA of normal and irradiated recipient cells. The rate of DNA‐C14 label incorporation in the DNA of irradiated recipient cells is slower than in the unirradiated controls. The presence of thymidine in the incubation media reduces the incorporation rate of DNA‐C14. When the irradiated cells have been growing in a medium containing isologous DNA in presence of thymidine or heterologous DNA the recovery effect was not observed.
INFLUENCE OF pH AND OXYGEN ON 315 mμ INACTIVATION AND THYMINE DIMERIZATION IN MUTANTS OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4
Authors: Haug A. , Sauerbier W.
Published: February 2008

Abstract— 1. Irradiation with 315 mμ light inactivates phage T4v‐x C, and T4v‐x‐, and forms thymine dimers in their DNA.

2. Both the rates of inactivation and of thymine dimerization depend upon pH and gaseous environment during irradiation. The U.V. sensitivities are: 1 (pH 7, N2, 03, 2.2 (pH 3.5, Oz), 3.3 (pH 3–5, N2; and the corresponding rates of thymine dimerization 1: 2.5: 5.2. The number of thymine dimers per lethal hit observed withT4v‐x + are: 5.7 (pH 7, N2, O2, 5.4 (pH 3.5, O2, 10.9 (pH 3.5, N2); and forT4v‐x‐: 4.6, 3.4, and 7.1 with the same sequence of conditions.

3. Also the photoreactivable sectors depend upon the environmental conditions at 315 mp inactivation. In T4v‐x f this sector amounts to about 50 per cent at pH 7, 18 per cent at pH 3.5, O., and 29 per cent at pH 3.5, N, respectively.

4. The molecular basis of these findings is discussed. It is concluded that, besides thymine dimer, at least one other lethal photoproduct (probably a photoproduct of cytosine) is involved in photoreactivation.
ULTRAVIOLET‐INDUCED LETHALITY AND REVERSION TO PROTOTROPHY IN ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS WITH NORMAL AND REDUCED DARK REPAIR ABILITY
Authors: Hill Ruth F.
Published: February 2008

Abstract— Two derivatives of E. coli B/r having the same auxotrophic marker but differing in their ability to dark repair u.v.‐induced dimers in DNA were compared for their sensitivity to u.v.‐induced lethality and reversion to prototrophy. Ability to dark repair influenced both biological endpoints to the same extent. Thus, dimers may be primary photochemical lesions for both effects. A possible model for the system was proposed. According to this model, organisms which have more than a critical number of dimers are inactivated and organisms with the critical number or slightly fewer, survive as revertants. Post‐irradiation influences which enhance or reduce repair of dimers, in effect shift the population distribution of dimers. The result is either a net increase or decrease in the number of revertants depending upon the U.V. dose and upon whether repair is enhanced or reduced.
Determination of rickettsial and antinuclear antibodies in Danish patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Svendsen Claus Bo , Milman Nils , Høier‐Madsen Mimi , Dziegiel Morten H. , Krogfelt Karen A.
Published: February 2008

Introduction:  Rickettsia helvetica has been proposed as an aetiological agent in sarcoidosis.

Objectives:  To assess the prevalence of plasma anti‐Rickettsia antibodies in a Danish population of patients with sarcoidosis and control subjects. In addition, we evaluated the presence of plasma antinuclear antibodies (ANAs).

Methods:  Plasma samples from 49 consecutive patients (27 male, 22 female, median age 38 years, interquartile range 32–51 years) were compared with plasma from 51 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (28 male, 23 female, median age 40 years, interquartile range 33–49 years), using a commercially available immunofluorescence assay testing for antibodies towards spotted fever group and typhus group Rickettsia as well as an assay for ANA. We obtained information regarding tick exposure and sarcoid disease manifestations from the medical records.

Results:  The prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia in patients with sarcoidosis 1/49 (2%) was not significantly different from the prevalence in the controls 4/51 (8%). The prevalence of ANA was 2/49 (4%) in the patients and 3/51 (6%) in the controls.

Conclusions:  The results do not support the hypothesis that Rickettsia or ANAs should be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Seventy‐one per cent of the patients were under treatment with prednisolone in the 3 months leading up to the blood sample. We assume that antibody‐related serological methods for various reasons could be inadequate to diagnose a chronic rickettsial infection.

Please cite this paper as: Svendsen CB, Milman N, Høier‐Madsen M, Dziegiel MH and Krogfelt KA. Determination of rickettsial and antinuclear antibodies in Danish patients with sarcoidosis. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 202–207.
Short- and long-term impacts of spatial restrictions on harvest scheduling with reference to riparian zone planning
Authors: Yoshimoto Atsushi , Brodie J. Douglas
Published: February 2008

Owing to the significance of shade, wildlife habitat, soil stabilization, and water-filtering effects of streamside vegetation on the riparian zone, spatial restrictions are imposed on both public and private harvesting areas along the stream by state and federal agencies. Analysis of both short– and long–term impacts of the riparian zone spatial restrictions as well as spatial restrictions on harvest units is presented. The heuristic model called SSMART, for spatially constrained harvest scheduling problems, is used to solve the proposed problems. The Green River sub-basin on the Alsea Ranger District, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon, is used for the analysis. Our computational experiments show that the marginal reduction of the total present net worth in dollars is about 6.2% per 100-foot (1 foot = 0.305 m) width of the riparian management area, and about 6.7% for the average annual harvest flow. It is also shown that increasing the exclusion period to two or three periods could cause major reduction (25–40%) in both the total present net worth and the average annual harvest flow. The linear programming relaxation is revealed to provide a good approximation for impacts of the size of riparian management areas, while it cannot be used for examining impacts of the exclusion period.
Light threshold for optimal black spruce (Piceamariana) seedling growth and development under brush competition
Authors: Jobidon Robert
Published: February 2008

Light threshold is suggested as a method for quantifying brush competition in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) plantations and predicting losses in tree growth as measured by the relative growth rate (RGR). The severity of the competing vegetation (expressed in terms of density and height) around 300 planted tree seedlings, and the growth status of the seedlings (expressed in terms of total height and current height growth increment), were analyzed simultaneously with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with one level of light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation) reaching the upper one-half of the tree seedlings as the predictor variable. This study showed that it is possible to establish a competitive status based on light interception, thus allowing a grouping of seedlings with similar growth characteristics and severity of competition. Canonical analysis showed that 60% of full sunlight reaching the upper one half of spruce seedlings can be defined as a threshold to significantly discriminate between stressed and unstressed tree seedlings, based on the above-mentioned variables and also based on spruce basal stem diameter. For spruce total height, current height increment, and basal stem diameter, significant differences were found between plots above and below this threshold, averaging 18.5, 44.7, and 23.2%, respectively. Measuring the intensity of light reaching the upper one half of the spruce seedlings also significantly explains spruce relative growth rates, expressed in terms of height growth increment and basal stem diameter growth increment over the following two growing seasons. The light threshold used in the MANOVA and the ANOVA showed significant differences between plots above and below the threshold, averaging 70 and 58% for spruce height and basal stem diameter RGRs, respectively. Instead of measuring competing vegetation variables and relative height of a crop species to infer light interception, this study demonstrated that a direct measure of light attenuation at the tree seedling level can be used to assess the competitive status and predict losses in tree growth for the period of time required by the seedlings to emerge from the vegetation cover. Moreover, this study demonstrated that canonical relations, rather than linear relations, explain the pattern of competition for light between young spruce seedlings and brushlike vegetation. The light threshold suggested in this study has potential for assessing interspecific competition problems in young black spruce plantations and is proposed as a tool to support a containment strategy of vegetation management.
Aquatic insect responses to Bacillusthuringiensis var. kurstaki in a forest stream
Authors: Kreutzweiser David P. , Capell Scott S. , Thomas David R.
Published: February 2008

A section of forest stream was treated with Bacillusthuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) at 10 × the expected environmental concentration (200 IU/mL) to determine effects on the macroinvertebrate community. Invertebrate drift density increased slightly (approximately 2-fold over pre-treatment densities), but only during the 0.5-h application and only at the site 10 m below the application point. There were no significant changes in taxonomic richness of benthic invertebrates after the application, but there were short-term alterations in community structure at the treated site after the application, as measured by the χ2 dissimilarity index. In 11 of 12 benthic taxa for which there were sufficient data, changes in abundance after the application were not significant compared with changes in abundance at the reference site. The stonefly Leuctratenuis (Pictet) was significantly reduced (~70%) at the treated site 4 d after the application, and abundance of this stonefly remained considerably lower, but not significantly different, from the reference site for at least 18 d. A follow-up study demonstrated that under laboratory conditions, B.t.k. on leaf material was not toxic to L. tenuis. The B.t.k. application had no significant effect on the growth or survival of caged caddisfly larvae, Pycnopsycheguttifer (Walker), in the treated stream. Implications of results from this field experiment are discussed.
Status of the utilization of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) in the pulp and paper industry
Authors: Law Kwei-Nam , Valade Jacques L.
Published: February 2008

Although jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), which represents 20% of the total softwood volume, is one of the most abundant commercial softwood species in Canada, its rate of utilization in pulping is surprisingly low. This paper reviews the literature concerning the physical and chemical properties as well as the pulping characteristics of this species by mechanical, thermomechanical, chemithermomechanical, chemimechanical, and chemical processes to better understand its potential use in papermaking. The objective is to identify the problems related to the use of jack pine so that solutions might be sought to promote its usage. Some recommendations are put forth concerning future research.
Estimating acorn crops using visual surveys
Authors: Koenig Walter D. , Knops Johannes M.H. , Carmen William J. , Stanback Mark T. , Mumme Ronald L.
Published: February 2008

We describe a visual survey technique for evaluating acorn production. In contrast with previously proposed methods, our technique yields ratio-level data on annual productivity that are analyzable with standard statistics and, by sampling the same trees each year, data on the reproductive patterns of individual trees. We compared this technique with two independent sets of acorn-trap data acquired on oaks of three species at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. Correlations between acorns counted by the visual surveys and collected from acorn traps under the same trees were significant for all three species. Most scatter in the data appeared to be attributable to three causes: (1) sampling error, especially among trees with very small crops, (2) finite counting speed, leading to a lack of discrimination among trees with very large crops by the visual surveys, and (3) arboreal acorn removal by animals. This latter factor can be particularly large, rendering visual surveys more reliable than the use of traps. Furthermore, only the high efficiency of visual surveys allows for the practical assessment of samples large enough to accommodate high within-population variation and detect widespread geographic variation in acorn production. Visual surveys offer a method of assessing the fruit or cone crops of many hardwood and conifer species that is not only more efficient but also more accurate than the use of traps.
Extending Cable Theory to Heterogeneous Dendrites
Authors: Meunier Claude , d'Incamps Boris Lamotte
Published: February 2008

Dendrites may exhibit many types of electrical and morphological heterogeneities at the scale of a few micrometers. Models of neurons, even so-called detailed models, rarely consider such heterogeneities. Small-scale fluctuations in the membrane conductances and the diameter of dendrites are generally disregarded and spines merely incorporated into the dendritic shaft. Using the two-scales method known as homogenization, we establish explicit expressions for the small-scale fluctuations of the membrane voltage, and we derive the cable equation satisfied by the voltage when these fluctuations are averaged out. This allows us to rigorously establish under what conditions a heterogeneous dendrite can be approximated by a homogeneous cable. We consider different distributions of synapses, orderly or random, on a passive dendrite, and we investigate when replacing excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances by their local averages leads to a small error in the voltage. This indicates in which regimes the approximations made in compartmental models are justified. We extend these results to active membranes endowed with voltage-dependent conductances or NMDA receptors. Then we examine under which conditions a spiny dendrite behaves as a smooth dendrite. We discover a new regime where this holds true, namely, when the conductance of the spine neck is small compared to the conductance of the synapses impinging on the spine head. Spines can then be taken into account by an effective excitatory current, the capacitance of the dendrite remaining unchanged. In this regime, the synaptic current transmitted from a spine to the dendritic shaft is strongly attenuated by the weak coupling conductance, but the total current they deliver can be quite substantial. These results suggest that pedunculated spines and stubby spines might play complementary roles in synaptic integration. Finally, we analyze how varicosities affect voltage diffusion in dendrites and discuss their impact on the spatiotemporal integration of synaptic input.
Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Detection of Intraocular Cancers
Authors: Nair Ashwin , Thevenot Paul , Hu Wenjing , Tang Liping
Published: February 2008

Tremendous progress in nanotechnology has led to the development of nanometer-sized objects as medical implants or devices. Many of these nanodevices have recently been tested in many cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as leukemia, melanoma, breast tumor, prostate tumor, and brain cancer. Despite the increasing importance of nanotechnology in cancer, the potential of these nanodevices in diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers has not been systematically evaluated. This review summarizes the significant advancements and potential areas for development in the field of nanotechnology-based intraocular drug delivery and imaging.
Alternative Modes of Binding of Recombinant Human Histone Deacetylase 8 to Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Sule Nitesh , Singh Raushan , Srivastava D. K.
Published: February 2008

Histone deacetylases are intimately involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes, and they are high priority drug targets for cancer therapy. Due to prevalence of several sulfhydryl groups on the surface of histone deacetylase 8, we explored the possibility of its binding to
colloidal gold nanoparticles by determining its potentials to inhibit the flocculation as well as retaining the enzyme activity. It was observed that although both these processes conformed to the binding affinity of the gold-histone deacetylase 8 conjugate as being equal to 15–20 nM,
only 30% of the nanoparticle-bound enzyme exhibited the enzymatic activity. In the light of the structural features of histone deacetylase 8, we propose that the enzyme interacts with the gold nanoparticles via the surface exposed thiol groups, and such interaction occurs in two alternative
modes. Whereas the enzyme bound via mode-1 is catalytically inactive (presumably due to the orientation of the enzyme's active site toward the gold nanoparticle surface), and it prevents the flocculation of the nanoparticles, the enzyme bound via mode-2 shows the full catalytic activity (as
its active site is believed to be oriented away from the nanoparticle surface). Although the histone deacetylase 8 bound to AuNP via mode-2 exhibits the same inhibitory potency against Trichostatin A as the free enzyme, the former is more susceptible to thermal denaturation. The potential
of potent interaction between gold nanoparticles and histone deacetylase 8 via alternative modes may find diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications for different forms of cancers.
In Situ Calibration of Moored CTDs Used for Monitoring Abyssal Water
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Kawano Takeshi , Fukasawa Masao
Published: February 2008

To monitor changes in heat content and geostrophic volume transport of abyssal water accurately, 50 moored conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) recorders used for density measurements were calibrated in situ by simultaneous observations with accurate shipboard CTDs. Comparisons of the data from the moored and shipboard CTDs showed pressure sensitivities of 0–3 mK at 6000 dbar for the temperature sensors of the moored CTDs. From the in situ calibrations, the uncertainties of the moored CTD data for the deep ocean (≥3000 dbar) were estimated to be 0.6 dbar, 0.6 mK, and 0.0026 for pressure, temperature, and salinity, respectively, relative to the shipboard CTD reference. Time drifts of the moored CTD data, estimated from the in situ calibrations before and after 17- or 14-month mooring deployments in the deep ocean, were considerably smaller than typical stabilities as specified by the manufacturer. However, time drifts of the pressure sensors tended to be negative and the result suggests that pressure data from most present Argo floats, which use the same type of pressure sensor, may have a systematic negative bias. Time series salinity data calculated from the in situ–calibrated CTDs were slightly biased (mean of +0.0014) with respect to the shipboard CTD salinity data, based on potential temperature–salinity relationships, possibly due to a disequilibrium of the moored CTD conductivity sensors during the in situ calibrations.
Methods for Assessing Item, Step, and Threshold Invariance in Polytomous Items Following the Partial Credit Model
Authors: Penfield Randall D. , Myers Nicholas D. , Wolfe Edward W.
Published: February 2008

Measurement invariance in the partial credit model (PCM) can be conceptualized in several different but compatible ways. In this article the authors distinguish between three forms of measurement invariance in the PCM: step invariance, item invariance, and threshold invariance. Approaches for modeling these three forms of invariance are proposed, and the mathematical relationship between the three forms is established. Parametric and contingency table approaches for assessing the three forms of invariance are presented, and the application of the parametric and contingency table approaches to a real data set is described. The invariance effect estimates observed for the parametric and contingency table approaches are consistent with the theoretical equivalence of the two approaches.
The Idea of Public Reason and the Reason of State
Authors: Vatter Miguel
Published: February 2008

Rawls and Schmitt are often discussed in the literature as if their conceptions of the political had nothing in common, or even referred to entirely different phenomena. In this essay, I show how these conceptions share a common space of reasons, traceable back to the idea of public reason and its development since the Middle Ages. By analysing the idea of public reason in Rawls and in Schmitt, as well as its relation to their theories of political representation, I show in what way Schmitt's concept of the political cannot be divorced from an idea of justice, while, conversely, Rawls' conception of justice cannot be divorced from a theory of the political. In that way this paper thematizes the internal relation that each theory establishes between justice and power, deliberation and decision, and consensus and disagreement.
Terror Management and Stereotyping: Why Do People Stereotype When Mortality Is Salient?
Authors: Renkema Lennart J. , Stapel Diederik A. , Maringer Marcus , van Yperen Nico W.
Published: February 2008

Three studies examine two routes by which mortality threats may lead to stereotyping. Mortality salience may activate both a comprehension goal and an enhancement goal. Enhancement goals are likely to be more active in situations where intergroup competition or conflict is salient. If this is not the case, then a comprehension goal will predominate. In line with a why-determines-how logic, when mortality salience activates a comprehension goal, both positive and negative stereotyping occur. In contrast, the activation of an enhancement goal only increases negative stereotyping.
If You Pay for Skills, Will They Learn? Skill Change and Maintenance Under a Skill-Based Pay System
Authors: Dierdorff Erich C. , Surface Eric A.
Published: February 2008

Although the use of skill-based pay has increased in popularity, empirical investigations of the effectiveness of this compensation strategy have been scarce. The fundamental premise of skill-based pay is that contingent monetary reward will promote individual learning. The authors empirically examine this essential principle with data spanning 5 years, using latent growth analysis. Results demonstrate that skill-based pay is related to individual skill change and maintenance. Whether or not individuals earn skill-based pay on their initial attempt is associated with subsequent rates of learning. In addition, the frequency with which skill-based pay is received and the total amount earned are both associated with skill development and maintenance.
Public Proof in Courts and Jury Trials
Authors: Hildebrandt Mireille , Gutwirth Serge
Published: February 2008

This article explores the “fair trial” as a good practice for the construction of public proof. If proof signifies closure on matter(s) at hand, and publicness is taken to signify both “access to” and “participation in” the construction of proof by the publics concerned, the authors contend that the “fair trial” is a good example of building public proof and that its backbone constraints can be of great interest to the defenders and advocates of participative Technology Assessment (pTA), especially citizens' juries.
New Knowledge from Old Data
Authors: Zimmerman Ann S.
Published: February 2008

This article analyzes the experiences of ecologists who used data they did not collect themselves. Specifically, the author examines the processes by which ecologists understand and assess the quality of the data they reuse, and investigates the role that standard methods of data collection play in these processes. Standardization is one means by which scientific knowledge is transported from local to public spheres. While standards can be helpful, the results show that knowledge of the local context is critical to ecologists' reuse of data. Yet, this information is often left behind as data move from the private to the public world. The knowledge that ecologists acquire through fieldwork enables them to recover the local details that are so critical to their comprehension of data collected by others. Social processes also play a role in ecologists' efforts to judge the quality of data they reuse.
An analysis of failed queries for web image retrieval
Authors: Pu Hsiao-Tieh
Published: February 2008

This paper examines a large number of failed queries submitted to a web image search engine, including real users' search terms and written requests. The results show that failed image queries have a much higher specificity than successful queries because users often employ various refined types to specify their queries. The study explores the refined types further, and finds that failed queries consist of far more conceptual than perceptual refined types. The widely used content-based image retrieval technique, CBIR, can only deal with a small proportion of failed queries; hence, appropriate integration of concept-based techniques is desirable. Based on using the concepts of uniqueness and refinement for categorization, the study also provides a useful discussion on the gaps between image queries and retrieval techniques. The initial results enhance the understanding of failed queries and suggest possible ways to improve image retrieval systems.
Indinavir influences biological function of dendritic cells and stimulates antifungal immunity
Authors: Pericolini Eva , Cenci Elio , Gabrielli Elena , Perito Stefano , Mosci Paolo , Bistoni Francesco , Vecchiarelli Anna
Published: February 2008

In this study, we analyzed the possibility that Indinavir (IDV), a well-known protease inhibitor (PI) used in highly active antiretroviral therapy, could affect immune response against the opportunistic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. In particular, the quality of dendritic cell (DC) response was analyzed. The results reported here show that IDV treatment induces an expansion of DC with CD8α phenotype in spleens of infected hosts. Splenic CD11c+ DC expressed elevated costimulatory molecules such as CD40 and CD80, showed an increased expression of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines, and secreted abundant IL-12. Integration of all aforementioned regulatory effects results in development of an efficient, T cell-protective response that reflects a consistent reduction in fungus colonization at a cerebral level. These results could help to elucidate the immunoregulatory activity of PI and point out the beneficial effects of IDV in regulating DC functions and antifungal activity. Therefore, although new PI are being introduced in the clinical setting, nevertheless, given its low cost and proven efficacy, IDV could still be considered a potential key compound in the treatment of HIV in resource-limited settings.
Homoeostasis between the GTPase Spg1p and its GAP in the regulation of cytokinesis in S. pombe
Authors: Krapp Andrea , Collin Philippe , Cano del Rosario Elena , Simanis Viesturs
Published: February 2008

Cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe begins at mitotic entry, when the site of division is defined by formation of the contractile acto-myosin ring (CAR) at the cell cortex. Contraction of the CAR and formation of the division septum are triggered at the end of mitosis by septation initiation network (SIN) proteins associated with the spindle pole body (SPB). SIN signalling requires activation of the GTPase Spg1p, which is regulated by the bipartite GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Byr4p-Cdc16p. We show that, for Spg1p to associate with the SPB, it must be bound to its GAP or to its mitotic effector, the protein kinase Cdc7p. Analysis of the GAP proteins reveals that the steady-state level of Byr4p reflects that of Spg1p. Furthermore, if the interaction of Byr4p with Spg1p is compromised, the level of Byr4p decreases dramatically. The adaptation of the level of Byr4p to that of Spg1p requires the presence of Cdc16p and is mediated by proteasome-dependent destruction. It requires neither association with the SPB nor an active SIN. We propose a mechanism that limits the amount of the Byr4p-Cdc16p GAP to the amount required to inhibit Spg1p signalling.
The characteristics of dorsal-root ganglia and sensory innervation of the hip in rats
Authors: Nakajima T. , Ohtori S. , Inoue G. , Koshi T. , Yamamoto S. , Nakamura J. , Takahashi K. , Harada Y.
Published: February 2008

Using a rat model the characteristics of the sensory neurones of the dorsal-root ganglia (DRG) innervating the hip were investigated by retrograde neurotransport and immunohistochemistry.

Fluoro-Gold solution (FG) was injected into the left hip of ten rats. Seven days later the DRG from both sides between T12 and L6 were harvested. The number of FG-labelled calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive or isolectin B4-binding neurones were counted.

The FG-labelled neurones were distributed throughout the left DRGs between T13 and L5, primarily at L2, L3, and L4. Few FG-labelled isolectin B4-binding neurones were present in the DRGs of either side between T13 and L5, but calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive neurones made up 30% of all FG-labelled neurones.

Our findings may explain the referral of pain from the hip to the thigh or lower leg corresponding to the L2, L3 and L4 levels. Since most neurones are calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive peptide-containing neurones, they may have a more significant role in the perception of pain in the hip as peptidergic DRG neurones.
The use of two-stage exchange arthroplasty with depot antibiotics in the absence of long-term antibiotic therapy in infected total hip replacement
Authors: Stockley I. , Mockford B. J. , Hoad-Reddick A. , Norman P.
Published: February 2008

We present a series of 114 patients with microbiologically-proven chronically-infected total hip replacement, treated between 1991 and 2004 by a two-stage exchange procedure with antibiotic-loaded cement, but without the use of a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy. The mean follow-up for all patients was 74 months (2 to 175) with all surviving patients having a minimum follow-up of two years. Infection was successfully eradicated in 100 patients (87.7%), a rate which is similar to that reported by others, but where prolonged adjuvant antibiotic therapy has been used. Using the technique described, a prolonged course of systemic antibiotics does not appear to be essential and the high cost of the administration of antibiotics can be avoided.
A Synaptic Basis for Auditory–Vocal Integration in the Songbird
Authors: Bauer Eric E. , Coleman Melissa J. , Roberts Todd F. , Roy Arani , Prather Jonathan F. , Mooney Richard
Published: February 2008

Songbirds learn to sing by memorizing a tutor song that they then vocally mimic using auditory feedback. This developmental sequence suggests that brain areas that encode auditory memories communicate with brain areas for learned vocal control. In the songbird, the secondary auditory telencephalic region caudal mesopallium (CM) contains neurons that encode aspects of auditory experience. We investigated whether CM is an important source of auditory input to two sensorimotor structures implicated in singing, the telencephalic song nucleus interface (NIf) and HVC. We used reversible inactivation methods to show that activity in CM is necessary for much of the auditory-evoked activity that can be detected in NIf and HVC of anesthetized adult male zebra finches. Furthermore, extracellular and intracellular recordings along with spike-triggered averaging methods indicate that auditory selectivity for the bird's own song is enhanced between CM and NIf. We used lentiviral-mediated tracing methods to confirm that CM neurons directly innervate NIf. To our surprise, these tracing studies also revealed a direct projection from CM to HVC. We combined irreversible lesions of NIf with reversible inactivation of CM to establish that CM supplies a direct source of auditory drive to HVC. Finally, using chronic recording methods, we found that CM neurons are active in response to song playback and during singing, indicating their potential importance to song perception and processing of auditory feedback. These results establish the functional synaptic linkage between sites of auditory and vocal learning and may identify an important substrate for learned vocal communication.
Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Org 34850 on fast and delayed feedback of corticosterone release
Authors: Spiga Francesca , Harrison Louise R , Wood Susan A , MacSweeney Cliona P , Thomson Fiona J , Craighead Mark , Grassie Morag , Lightman Stafford L
Published: February 2008

We investigated the effect of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist Org 34850 on fast and delayed inhibition of corticosterone secretion in response to the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (MPL). Male rats were implanted with a catheter in the right jugular vein, for blood sampling and MPL administration, and with an s.c. cannula for Org 34850 administration. All experiments were conducted at the diurnal hormonal peak in the late afternoon. Rats were connected to an automated sampling system and blood samples were collected every 5 or 10 min. Org 34850 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (5% mulgofen in saline) was injected at 1630 h; 30 min later, rats received an injection of MPL (500 μg/rat, i.v.) or saline (0.1 ml/rat). We found that an acute administration of MPL rapidly decreased the basal corticosterone secretion and this effect was not prevented by acute pretreatment with Org 34850. However, blockade of GR with Org 34850 prevented delayed inhibition of MPL on corticosterone secretion measured between 4 and 12 h after MPL administration. Our data suggest an involvement of GR in modulating delayed, but not fast, inhibition induced by MPL on basal corticosterone secretion.
The rate of urinary cortisol excretion at work is persistently elevated in women at familial risk for breast cancer
Authors: James Gary D. , Gastrich Heidi J. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Bovbjerg Dana H.
Published: February 2008

We recently reported that healthy women at familial risk for breast cancer (FH+) have higher urinary cortisol levels at work than women without familial risk (FH−). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this group difference persisted over a 1‐month period. Subjects were healthy women (FH+, N = 42, age = 37.6 ± 9.3, FH−, N = 93, age 38.4 ± 9.0) employed primarily in clerical or technical positions at three medical centers in New York City who collected timed urine samples in three contrasting daily environments, at work (∼11AM–3PM), home (∼6PM–10PM) and during sleep (∼10PM–6AM) on 2 mid‐week workdays ∼1 month apart. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that cortisol excretion differed across the environments (P < 0.001), and that there was also a significant interaction between daily environment and family history group (P < 0.049), such that FH+ women maintained higher cortisol excretion at work over the 2 days than FH− women. A Bland–Altman plot showed that both overall and by family history group, the rate of cortisol excretion at work was generally reproducible, although there was a heteroscadasticity in the relationship that likely reflected excessive stressfulness on one of the study days in a small minority of subjects. These results suggest that the presence of a potent background stressor (familial breast cancer risk) can influence more acute cortisol responses in daily life over time. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hormonal correlates of ontogeny in baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (Cercocebus atys)
Authors: Bernstein Robin M. , Leigh Steven R. , Donovan Sharon M. , Monaco Marcia H.
Published: February 2008

This study investigates the relationship between serum hormone levels and morphometrics during ontogeny in olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) and sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), to test hypotheses about the endocrine regulation of species size differences. First, we expect that levels of hormones and binding proteins predict size change during ontogeny in both species. Second, a high level of integration among the hormones and binding proteins analyzed is expected, with the implication that they act in combination to influence the development of body size and shape. Utilizing a mixed longitudinal sample, we compare change in 18 different measurements, which reflect overall size growth as well as growth in length and circumference, with levels of six growth‐related hormones and binding proteins. We examine the relationship between hormone and binding protein levels and morphometrics, using multivariate analyses and “arithmetically‐estimated” velocity curves of hormones, binding proteins, to characterize how the endocrine factors analyzed relate to growth. Results suggest that levels of these endocrine factors can be used to predict local and overall growth during ontogeny and that integration between multiple hormone axes is indicated. While important for growth in both species, ontogenetic changes in hormone and binding protein levels are more tightly correlated with changes in morphometric measurements in baboons than mangabeys. These results have important implications for understanding why some smaller‐bodied species have higher absolute growth‐related hormone levels than larger‐bodied species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The MARDi Cascade: A Michael‐Initiated Domino‐Multicomponent Approach for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Coquerel Yoann , Filippini Marie‐Hélène , Bensa David , Rodriguez Jean
Published: February 2008

The MARDi cascade is a recently invented three‐component Michael‐initiated condensation involving 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives. It allows regio‐ and stereocontrolled access to a variety of functionalised and substituted seven‐membered rings. The substitution array can be diastereoselectively modulated by appropriate choice of the reaction partners, and the reaction allows the control of up to five newly created stereocentres and a complete chiral induction in the case of an optically active ketone precursor. The high level of diastereoselectivity observed has been attributed to total thermodynamic control of the reaction. The attractiveness of the present domino three‐component approach to seven‐membered rings resides in the diversity of carbo‐ and heterocyclic structures that can be accessed with total regiocontrol and high stereocontrol by starting from simple substrates, under user and environmentally friendly conditions, as now required in modern organic chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: DFT Analysis of Cubane‐Type FeIr3S4 Clusters. Dinitrogen Binding and Activation at the Tetrahedral Fe Site.
Authors: Kozlowski Pawel M. , Shiota Yoshihito , Gomita Satomi , Seino Hidetake , Mizobe Yasushi , Yoshizawa Kazunari
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra in the High‐Pressure Borate HP—NiB2O4.
Authors: Knyrim Johanna S. , Roessner Felix , Jakob Stefanie , Johrendt Dirk , Kinski Isabel , Glaum Robert , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monoclinic PZN‐8%PT [Pb(Zn0.3066Nb0.6133Ti0.08)O3] at 4 K.
Authors: Forrester Jennifer S. , Kisi Erich H.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microscopic Li Self‐Diffusion Parameters in the Lithiated Anode Material Li4+xTi5O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) Measured by 7Li Solid State NMR.
Authors: Wilkening Martin , Iwaniak Wojciech , Heine Jessica , Epp Viktor , Kleinert Alexandra , Behrens Malte , Nuspl Gerhard , Bensch Wolfgang , Heitjans Paul
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Amidotrihydroborate: A Hydrogen Storage Material.
Authors: Diyabalanage Himashinie V. K. , Shrestha Roshan P. , Semelsberger Troy A. , Scott Brian L. , Bowden Mark E. , Davis Benjamin L. , Burrell Anthony K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Method of Preparation of Actinide(IV) Phosphate Hydrogenphosphate Hydrates and Study of Their Conversion into Actinide(IV) Phosphate Diphosphate Solid Solutions.
Authors: Dacheux N. , Grandjean S. , Rousselle J. , Clavier N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1(R),2(R)‐Bis[(S)‐prolinamido]cyclohexane/[bmim][BF4] Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Catalytic System for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Kucherenko Alexander S. , Siyutkin Dmitriy E. , Muraviev Vladislav O. , Struchkova Marina I. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Several Unexpected Compounds from 2,2,4,4,6‐Pentachloro‐5‐cyclohexene‐1,3‐dione (A Humic Acid Model), Monochloramine, Ammonia and Other Reagents.
Authors: Heasley Victor L. , Ramirez Ashley M. , Baker Peter E. , Boerneke Jeffrey L. , DeBoard Ryan H. , Hartge Torie L. , Madrid Dennis C. , Sigmund Geoffrey A. , Shellhamer Dale F.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Silicon Surfaces with Catalytically Active Pd Complexes and Application to the Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Hara Kenji , Tayama Shinobu , Kano Hidekazu , Masuda Takuya , Takakusagi Satoru , Kondo Toshihiro , Uosaki Kohei , Sawamura Masaya
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: {[K.18‐Crown‐6]Br3}n: A Unique Tribromide‐Type and Columnar Nanotube‐Like Structure for the Oxidative Coupling of Thiols and Bromination of Some Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Chehardoli Gholamabbas , Salehzadeh Sadegh , Adams Harry , Ward Michael D.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superactivity and Dual Reactivity of the System N‐Iodosuccinimide—H2SO4 in the Iodination of Deactivated Arenes.
Authors: Chaikovskii V. K. , Filimonov V. D. , Skorokhodov V. I. , Ogorodnikov V. D.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions in One‐Pot Multicatalytic Processes.
Authors: Lebel Helene , Ladjel Chehla , Brethous Lise
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lead(IV) Acetate: Intriguing Reactivity Profile.
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Sudheer Ch. , Soma Laxminarayana
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.