bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN POLA ASUH OTORITER TERHADAP ANAK REMAJA DALAM PROSES BERKELUARGA
Authors: Rahman Hakim Noval , Wanidha Andriani Viena , Qori'ah Maria
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Parents have an obligation to guide, direct and educate children. Therefore, parents must take care to raise and prepare for the future to come. Authoritarian parenting is a way in which parents educate children to continue to obey, not argue and to follow the directions that have been strictly determined by the parents. In this article, we will review the authoritarian parenting style of teenagers in the process of starting a family, where daily life activities are carried out firmly and swiftly, with obedience that must be carried out in starting a family. This research is a type of literature review research. Authoritarian parenting in adolescents is a parental method in which adolescent children are required to be bound by the rules applied within the family sphere. Adolescents are individuals aged 10-19 years who are divided into two terminations, namely early adolescents in the age range 10-14 years and late adolescents 15-19 years. Family is a small group in society consists of father, mother and children.
Kata Kunci: Authoritarian Parenting, Teengers, Having A Family
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN RASIO AKTIVITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS PADA ERISMART BANYUWANGI
Authors: Widyaningrum Tri Rahayu
Published: August 2024

Financial performance is a priority for companies to maintain survival and increase expected profits. This research aims to determine the financial performance of Erismart Banyuwangi. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with financial ratio analysis tools, namely; activity ratio and Profitability Ratio. The primary data obtained is in the form of the Company's financial reports. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis instruments used are assessing the effectiveness of asset use using the Total Assets Turnover, Working Capital Turnover formulas and assessing profitability using the Return On Assets, Return On Equity formulas. The research results concluded that Erismart Banyuwangi had a good financial performance from each measuring instrument used.
PERAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI SANTRI
Authors: Habibulloh Habibulloh , Rachmawati Afria , Subari Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Entrepreneurship in shaping the character of students' economic independence is very important. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. In data collection procedures, observation, interviews and documentation methods are used. Meanwhile, technical data analysis uses qualitative data analysis (data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing)
From the results of research in the field it was found that entrepreneurial students at the Raudlatut Thalabah Setail Islamic boarding school played an important role in establishing economic independence. So with entrepreneurship students can live economically independently, this is proven by students being able to meet their own needs such as eating, being able to pay Islamic boarding school sharia and even being able to save even though it is only five thousand rupiahs per day. There are supporting factors for the entrepreneurship of Raudlatut Thalabah Setail students, namely commitment, being serious, oriented to be superior and carried out continuously or istiqomah. Then for the inhibiting factors for the entrepreneurship of Raudlatut Thalabah Setail students, namely incompetence, lack of expertise in controlling finances, location that is less strategic and less serious in running their business.
PENGARUH NPF DAN FDR TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA BUS, UUS, DAN BPRS TAHUN 2021-2022
Authors: Awaluddin Hanif Fithrah , Astuti Ika Puji , Elois Intan Permata , Ni'mah Khoirun
Published: August 2024

Dalam Pembiayaan murabahah terdapat dua faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, faktor internal merupakan faktor yang bersumber dari bank itu sendiri meliputi, Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), dan Non Performing Financing (NPF). Dalam beberapa penelitian terdahulu terdapat perbedaan hasil penelitian, menjadikan penelitian tentang pembiayaan murabahah menarik untuk diteliti kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi data panel dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh NPF dan FDR terhadap pembiayaan murabahah pada BUS, UUS, dan BPRS tahun 2021-2022. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa NPF dan FDR berpengaruh signifikan pada pembiayaan murabahah.In murabahah financing there are two factors that can influence, namely internal factors and external factors, internal factors are factors sourced from the bank itself including, Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Non Performing Financing (NPF). In several previous studies there were differences in research results, making research on murabahah financing interesting to be re-examined. This study uses a quantitative approach with a panel data regression analysis method with the aim of determining the effect of NPF and FDR on murabahah financing in BUS, UUS, and BPRS in 2021-2022. The results of this study show that NPF and FDR have a significant effect on murabahah financing.
MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI MODEL INKUIRI TERBIMBING
Authors: Lestari Sudarsri , Ammah Erisy Syawiril , Suhilmiyati Endhang
Published: August 2024

This study aims to (1) find out how the application of guided inquiry models to learning in elementary schools, (2) find out whether there are differences in students' science process skills before and after learning through guided inquiry models, and (3) knowing how the development of students' science process skills through guided inquiry models. This type of research uses mixed methods embedded experimental design, using interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests as data collection methods. The research subjects consisted of 24 elementary school students. The results of the study show that: (1) the application of a guided inquiry model is carried out by the stages of expressing problems, preparing experiments or investigations, conducting experiments or investigations in groups, compiling reports on the results of experiments or investigations, and presenting the results; (2) there are differences in students' science process skills before and after learning through guided inquiry models; (3) students' science process skills through guided inquiry models experience fluctuating developments.
Impact of Technology Transfer on Organizational Performance
Authors: Adeel Raima , Hanif Shazia , Mariam Sana , Tariq Maryam , tayyab Javaria
Published: August 2024

The present research examines the intricate relationship between technology transfer (TT) and Organization Performance (OP) to highlight TT's critical role in corporate environments. After carefully studying the tables above, some significant conclusions may be drawn. First, internal solid consistency exists for the TT and OP variables, indicating reliable measurement equipment. Moreover, TT and OP have a substantial positive correlation, with TT accounting for around 72.3% of the variance in OP. Thirdly, the high significance of the regression equation indicates that TT correctly predicts revisions to OP.  Furthermore, both individualized and standardized coefficients highlight the intensity and importance of the relationship, confirming TT's competence in forecasting OP. Minimal issues with multi-collinearity are displayed, supporting the logistic regression algorithm's durability. Furthermore, residuals show slight fluctuation and are tightly grouped around the standard error, confirming the model's sufficiency and dependability. To sum up, these results emphasize how important TT is in forming OP. The statistically significant nature of the association and the regression model's robustness and reliability highlight how well-managed transferred technology programs may significantly improve the performance of organizations. Our survey-based study uses supplemental information from published literature and primary data gathered through organized questionnaires. Using a mix of questionnaires, qualitative research, and research evaluation, the research project offers helpful data with practical implications for businesses looking for ways to improve productivity via purposeful use of the transfer of technology techniques.
Measuring Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Schooling in Sindh: An Application of Censored Ordered Probit Modeling
Authors: Jafri Muhammad Kazim , Ul Hassan Rizwan
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to explore the socioeconomic determinants of child education in Sindh, Pakistan. This study is based on the sample of 50,016 children aged 3-17 years, extracted from the micro-data of Sindh MICS 2018-19. The censored Ordered Probit Model is applied to calculate the impact of different socioeconomic factors on a child's educational attainment. Estimation on an aggregated level (Sindh) explains that gender and urban-rural variables are positively associated with child education means females are more deprived than males, and the children who are inhabitants of rural areas are more deprived more than children of urban areas. The impact of family size on child education is negative and significant. The findings of the urban-rural model show that children of poor households are less likely to get an education, and the family size in rural areas is a significant barrier to child education. The gender-based model identifies household economic status and area of residency (urban) are major sources of gender disparity. The model of big cities and the rest of Sindh explains that poverty and residence (rural) are the main causes of regional disparity.
Collecting staple by the Hustadvika Biokraft AS planned biogas plant from local farms
Authors: Berg Brit Flemmen , Pasha Urooj , Hoff Arild , Pasha Maruf
Published: August 2024

The real-world vehicle routing problem with pick up (VRPP) for the company Hustadvika Bioekraft AS is presented. The collection of manures from the farms is made. The objective is to reduce the total transportation in terms of time. The model presented in this paper is nontrivial and analysed by using the firm’s selective data using CPLEX linear solver. The delineated model handles the fraction of the complete problem. Thus, it can be used as a foundation to real world problem with extended constraints. The mathematical model is developed and tested on companies' data. The results are given. The paper aims to develop a model that gives an optimal solution and further can be used as a foundation for similar vehicle routing problems. The model presented in this paper can be used for future research and may be extended by adding more constraints like rolling horizon and loading/unloading time.
The Role of IT Infrastructure in Enabling Remote Work: Productivity and Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Arshad Arfan , Ghaffar Abid , Siddqiue Muhammad Usman , Rehman Attique ur
Published: August 2024

The study has aimed to examine the impact of organisational citizenship behaviour of university teachers as a possible mediator between supervisors' paternalistic leadership style and the educational institute's overall effectiveness. Since Pakistan is a developing country, education needs to be a major and vital focus to advance towards a developed country. The top 10 universities, chosen from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan’s current list, were investigated. Pal Scale was distributed to the faculty members of the universities (N=322), reporting about their supervisor’s leadership style. Moreover, employees were told to address their extra-role behaviour, i.e. organisational citizenship behaviour, using the scale developed by Welbourne, Johnson and Erez (1996). In addition, employees evaluated the overall effectiveness using the organisational effectiveness scale for the Higher Education Institutes of Kwan and Walker. This investigation supported the substantial impact of organisational citizenship behaviour on the relationship between paternalistic leadership and the effectiveness of higher education institutes. Moreover, a direct relationship among variables is also found. Thus, the supervisors must recognise, foster and realise the importance of paternalistic leadership as this may eventually influence organisational citizenship behaviour and the effectiveness of higher education institutes.
Promoting sustainable development through grants in Delta State: an assessment of the role of United Nations International Child
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Delta State University Abraska, Nigeria, ENAHORO Michael
Published: August 2024

In recent time, the concept of sustainable development cannot be overemphasized. Since the early 1980s, the term ‘sustainable development’ has been used widely and indiscriminately. The term began to gain popularity, when it became increasingly fashionable to use it as a way of responding to global environmental concerns, biophysical issues, fairness, equity and distribution. This paper is to examine the role of grants on sustainable development in Delta State. The paper adopted the historical method of data analysis involving the review of secondary data. The findings revealed amongst other things that while grants as a supplement to other means of finance to ensuring sustainable development in Delta State, the reality on grounds is such that there is failure on the part of the government of Delta State to fashion out appropriate policy framework that would ensure that there is significant interactions between international grants such as that coming from UNICEF and social, economic and institutional processes in Delta State in such a way to continually sustained and meet up with increasing future demands in terms of population growth and continuous use of natural, human and material resources. It has been observed that changes in the integrated approach to social, economic and environmental issues have not really facilitated the developmental goals in Delta State. For instance, problems such as poverty, flooding, ethnicity, environmental pollution corruption, attitudes and lopsided income distribution have been on the increase. A cursory look at socio-political, economic and environmental situations in Delta State showed that these issues has continued to undermine every efforts at ensuring that available resources and grants in critical areas to meets the needs of the populace in ensuring sustainable development that is all encompassing. To achieve the ultimate goal of sustainability, this paper reinforces the urgent need for a shift to the third arena, which facilitates a smooth integration of public needs (through public debates and capacity building), scientific evidence and policy, and extensive use of innovative tools such as precautionary principle (preventative measure, even without scientific certainty of major human or environment impairment) to ensure a high-quality decisionmaking process. In addition to the above, it recommended that to achieve the SDGs, creating and maintaining smart and effective partnerships founded on the undoubtable patriotism and goodwill of the entire citizenry, alongside the moral and in kind support from the global fraternity of nations will be critical.
Sustainable banking practices on social and environmental risk management in access bank of Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Actuarial Science & Insurance University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria, AKINDIPE Oluwaleke Ebenezer , LAWAL Abdulrasheed Olajide ,   Department of Actuarial Science & Insurance University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria
Published: August 2024

The study is out to give an insight on how effectively risk management can be put in place in Nigeria banking industry and how various risks associated with Nigeria banks’ performances can be reduced by adhering to the sustainable banking principle that promotes effective risk management in Nigerian banks. Survey research design was used. The population of the study is 19,982 members of staff that are in all the Access Bank branches across Nigeria. The officers that are needed for this research are management staff, risk officers, sustainability officers and accountants. The estimated number of risk officers and sustainability officers in all the Access bank branches across Nigeria are 1650 and 1805 respectively. The total relevant officers for this research are 257 in number which are selected from five major branches and the Headquarters of access bank in the whole of Nigeria. The sample size was 157. Data collected was analysed using statistical package for social science students (SPSS) while Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses formulated. The two hypotheses which were tested in the research work showed a clear indication of positive contribution of sustainability principles adoption on risk management, profitability and bank reputation in Access Bank Plc. The two hypotheses tested showed chi-square test values of 11.949 and 15.834 with a p. Value of 0.018 and 0.0003 which shows that the tests are statistically significant at 5% significance level. It was concluded that the banks through sustainability had increased its goodwill tremendously which boost their external image attracting more customers to them by way of word of mouth advertisement which is very effective in Nigeria. It was recommended that the Banks should therefore be encouraged by the government to adopt sustainable banking as an important component of their critical strategy for their long term goals and sustainability that make the life better for the people.
Analysis of the implementation of employment policies in Kosovo
Authors:   Public Administration Faculty AAB College Pristine, Republic of Kosovo, ALIU Ylber , BESHIRI Kaqusha ,   University of Pristina Pristine, Republic of Kosovo
Published: August 2024

The paper analyzes the implementation of employment policies in Kosovo in the public and private sectors. Through the literature review, we analyze the legal framework of employment policies in Kosovo. While through the structured questionnaire with employees we have collected data related to the implementation of the legal framework of employment policies in Kosovo. The main conclusion of the paper is that Kosovo has drafted and approved the legal framework of employment policies, but the implementation of this framework is challenging. Some of the other conclusions of the paper are: (i) the majority of workers in Kosovo work more than the regular weekly working hours; (iii) more than half of the workers in Kosovo work six days a week; while the rest work seven days a week; (iv) most of the respondents stated that they have the opportunity to find a second job; (v) close to ¼ of Kosovar workers are not being paid for their pension contributions.
Social stratification perspective. A theoretical approach on the massification of higher education
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania, MATACHE Iulian-Costin
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses one of the main theores that addresses the explanation of the causes of the expansion of higher education as a social phenomenon, namely the theoretical perspective of social stratification. I will thus try to introduce some elements for the beginning of what social stratification is, as well as about social status and how it is closely related to participation in higher education. This theoretical perspective sees individual opportunities for access to higher education as being capitalized in order to accumulate a certain social status and not for the per se's intention to acquire certain knowledge, and skills. Also, it is not only the individual level that targeted in this paper, but also the collective one, given that the groups of individuals in a society will tend towards social emancipation, given the possibility of obtaining a university degree in this regard.
The role of public administration in interreligious dialogue. International standards and recommendations
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Administration University of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania, RAIU Cătălin
Published: August 2024

Interreligious dialogue, recognized as a democratic instrument with the potential to foster respect and cooperation, occupies a pivotal role within the general democratic framework. Despite its significance, international organizations have not prescribed a specific framework for conducting interreligious dialogue. Instead, a diverse range of options exists, from ad-hoc to institutionalized formats, involving various stakeholders from religious leaders to local communities. This review study addresses the evolution and conceptual foundations of interreligious dialogue, while also exploring its integration into the democratization process. The first section of the study defines key terms within an interreligious dialogue framework using a conceptual framework from the social and political sciences. The avoidance of “conceptual stretching”, as articulated by Giovanni Sartori, is emphasized to elucidate commonalities between religious freedom (Freedom of Religion or Belief – FoRB) and interreligious dialogue, highlighting the crucial role of FoRB in governing interreligious discourse. The subsequent sections of the study delve into the multifaceted nature of interreligious dialogue, examining its formats, benefits, and the role of the State in promoting it. The study identifies diverse formats, from theological exchanges to non-hierarchical cooperation, emphasizing the importance of common goals and avoiding the imposition of individual perspectives and politicisation. In conclusion, this study systematizes the core elements of interreligious dialogue and underscores the importance of inclusivity, de-politicisation, neutrality, and dialogue over debate, ultimately contributing to a contemporary democratic model for interreligious dialogue that upholds the values of freedom and cooperation within diverse societies.
Lobbying in the European Union. A model for Romania?
Authors:   Faculty of Public Administration The National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania, VĂDUVA Florin Eugen
Published: August 2024

Citizens' engagement in public decision-making is one of the pillars of any democracy. Therefore, the tendency of private actors to participate in the policy-making process can be seen as a natural consequence of a democratic society. As society's needs and desires have diversified more and more, lobbying has also increased - phenomenon that is generically perceived as an attempt to influence decision-making within a legal framework. However, lobbying is not a new concept in the public arena. In fact, its existence dates back as far as the mid-17th century, when British citizens gathered in the halls of Parliament to try to persuade their representatives to adopt various positions. In the European institutions, lobbying is also referred to as interest representation and plays a central role in the decision-making process. Thus, one can even speak of a “European model of lobbying” undertaken at the level of the EU institutions. In Romania, lobbying regulation is becoming increasingly relevant, with numerous failed legislative attempts (the latest one taking place in 2022). Thus, this paper aims to identify specific elements of European lobbying that could be successfully transposed into the Romanian public system. In this respect, we aim to analyses how lobbying is carried out at the level of the European institutions, to determine its effectiveness in the Romanian public system and, last but not least, to identify the perception of Romanian citizens on lobbying. In order to determine the perception of lobbying, a quantitative research based on the questionnaire method has been used.
Implementing evaluation framework for assessing the impact of the European Green Deal on the environment and climate
Authors:   Faculty of Public Administration The National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania, TOADER Radu Ștefan
Published: August 2024

Taxation represents a unique opportunity for governments to solve multiple problems, economic, social, or environmental. Motor vehicle taxation intends to solve all those problems by incentivizing the taxpayers to make the best decisions for the environment and to use the collected funds to implement multiple policies to solve its intended purpose. Eastern Europe is a special case study because it falls behind compared to Western countries in terms of greenhouse gases and the average state of their motor vehicles.
Elements of critical thinking used in decision- making process by Romanian media consumers
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (NUPSPA) Bucharest, Romania, MANGIUREA Valentin , STAN Sergiu Octavian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies (ASE) Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2024

This paper try to reveal the potential impact of critical thinking skills on Romanian media consumers. Nowadays, individuals are constantly exposed to large amounts of information through media, so it is essential to have the ability to critically evaluate and make informed decisions about the content they consume. This paper aims to explore the relationship between critical thinking skills, media consumption and decision-making processes. The objectives of this paper are to assess perceptions of critical thinking skills among media consumers by determining how they evaluate content . Second, the paper investigates the correlations between critical thinking skills, trust in media and decision-making processes, exploring how these factors are interrelated. Lastly, the research also considers the influence of demographic factors, such as education level, gender and age, on critical thinking skills in the context of media consumption. The results of the research reveal several significant findings. It was found that respondents generally perceive personal critical thinking skills as important in the effective use of media, and those who are in the habit of critically evaluating content are more likely to exhibit this behavior consistently.
Innovación Radical y Ventaja Competitiva de las Pymes exportadoras de la Zona 1
Authors: Almeida Lucero Marco Vinicio
Published: August 2024

El propósito de esta investigación fue estudiar la innovación radical y ventaja competitiva de las Pymes exportadoras de la Zona de planificación 1 del Ecuador; para lo cual se aplicó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal, la técnica de investigación utilizada fue la encuesta donde se aplicó como instrumento de investigación el cuestionario, que buscó la recopilación y procesamiento de datos por medio de las escalas de Likert para medir la opinión y actitudes de los empresarios, se obtuvieron 43 respuestas válidas, se efectuó el análisis de fiabilidad mediante el Alfa de Cronbrach la cual fue adecuada y se realizaron pruebas de normalidad. Los resultados indican que las pymes exportadoras de la Zona 1 poseen un alto grado de innovación en sus productos, procesos, aprovechando oportunidades del mercado y la introducción de nuevos productos, además la ventaja competitiva de este tipo de pymes es alta debido a que responden rápidamente a los cambios en el mercado, buscando alianzas estratégicas, aprendiendo de los competidores, y todo esto con la oferta de nuevos productos. Se encontró que las variables de innovación radical y de ventaja competitiva se correlacionan de forma directa lo que conlleva una mejora continua de productos y procesos que permitan a las pymes ser más eficientes y tener un crecimiento acelerado con mayor rentabilidad.
PEDAGOGICAL EXPERTISE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN REGULATING TUTORING
Authors: Muradova Nigar
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the issue of state regulation of tutoring in education abroad. Materials from the international experience of developed and developing countries in this direction are demonstrated. From the point of view of pedagogical expertise, the sphere of foreign diverse state regulation of tutoring in education is analyzed. Foreign experience in regulating tutoring in comparison with the realities of tutoring in domestic education helps determine the parameters of state regulation of tutoring in Azerbaijan.
THE PROBLEM OF LEARNABILITY AND THE FACTORS THAT ENSURE ITS SUCCESS
Authors: Əfəndiyeva Teybə
Published: August 2024

Learning ability problem. This problem examines the problems that arise in connection with revealing the reasons why students are behind and unable to master. Psychologists put forward the concept of "ability to learn" based on the psychological characteristics of students who are lagging behind in mastering learning materials.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MÃES DE CRIANÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS COM O TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Mendonça Jéssica França , Cruz Jéssica Almeida , Barbosa Hanna Barbara de Andrade , Correa Priscilla Duarte Soares , Marinho Andréa Branco , Sousa Jilielisson Oliveira de , Menezes Isabel Cristina Borges de , Marques Marcos William dos Santos , Mendes Ana Clara Barboza , Sousa Edilene Márcia de , Reis Carolina Manhães Moura , Silva Isabelle Cristine Mendes da , Moreira Sarah Goes Barreto da Silva
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: The psychological and emotional well-being of a mother, especially one who has a child with special needs, can be greatly influenced by her quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: To assess how the diagnosis of autism can impact the QoL of mothers of children with ASD. METHODOLOGY: To conduct an integrative review of the literature on the topic of quality of life and mental health in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, multiple databases were used, including PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. In addition, the Google Scholar search engine was also used. The search terms used were “Quality of life”, “Autism spectrum disorder”, and “Mental health”. The inclusion criteria for the articles were that they were freely available in Portuguese and published between 2020 and 2024. Duplicate articles were excluded from the review process. After a thorough screening process, the authors identified and selected 12 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in the sample table. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Research has shown that interventions aimed at improving the well-being of mothers of children with special needs, such as autism, can produce positive outcomes in terms of emotional well-being and overall quality of life. The daily trials and responsibilities faced by these single mothers often result in physical and mental exhaustion, leading to high levels of stress and a decreased quality of life. However, by implementing interventions that prioritize emotional well-being and provide mental health support, these mothers can experience a number of benefits, including reduced levels of stress, improved coping mechanisms, and improved emotional health. These improvements can have a profound impact on the overall well-being of these mothers and also positively influence the children in their care. CONCLUSION: Atypical mothers face several significant obstacles, including social judgment, juggling work and caregiving, financial difficulties, and a lack of support systems. However, there are strategies that can improve the lives of these mothers, such as establishing a support network, seeking professional assistance, and implementing effective time management and self-care practices.
Penerapan Metode Mindmapping dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Faraid di Pesantren
Authors: Irsyaduddin Mochammad , Fauji Imam
Published: August 2024

Ilmu faraid adalah ilmu yang membahas tentang tata cara pembagian warisan. Ilmu ini merupakan ilmu penting yang berada di lingkup keilmuan Islam. Salah satunya adalah bertujuan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya pertikaian keluarga yang disebabkan oleh pembagian warisan yang tidak adil. Akan tetapi banyak sekali pelajar yang malas untuk mempelajari ilmu faraid, karena ilmu ini dianggap sulit dan tidak terlalu berguna. Sebagai solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, salah satu metode pembelajaran yang sifatnya dapat mengajak siswa aktif dalam pembelajaran dan sekaligus mempermudah siswa memahami pelajaran fikih faraid adalah metode pembelajaran Mind Mapping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Penerapan Metode Mindmapping Dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu faraid. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan tujuan mendalaminya pengalaman dan dampak penerapan metode mindmapping dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Faraid di kalangan peserta kelas 10 di Pesantren Wali Barokah Kediri. Penelitian ini melibatkan peserta didik kelas 10 sebagai subjek penelitian. Proses penelitian dimulai dengan tahap pemilihan partisipan secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menjaga hak privasi peserta dan menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung keterbukaan dan kejujuran dalam berbagi pengalaman. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik, dimana tema-tema utama dari data diidentifikasi dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode mind mapping sebagai sebuah terobosan baru dalam sistem pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan ingatan santri dalam mempelajari ilmu faraid. Mindmapping ini dapat mempermudah proses mengingat pada setiap apa yang dipelajari.
AI’s Trojan Horse: The Deepfake conundrum under the criminal justice system
Authors: Kothari Sanjana , Tibrewala Shaumya
Published: August 2024

This paper seeks to address an emerging challenge in the criminal justice system: the advent of deepfake technology. A concept which can be symbolised as AI’s Trojan Horse – deepfakes, refers to highly realistic AI-generated audiovisual content – which have increasingly become indistinguishable from authentic recordings. Their existence poses unprecedented threats to the integrity of evidence, especially in the criminal law field, which serves as a watershed moment in the administration of justice.  The paper’s exploration will begin with a foundational understanding of deepfake technology, delineating its evolution and operational mechanisms. This background is vital, as it sets the stage for understanding the complex legal challenges deepfakes introduce, particularly in undermining the sanctity of evidence in criminal trials. By analysing the potential for deepfakes to compromise a defendant's right to a fair trial, the research will highlight a critical gap in current legal frameworks and evidentiary standards, calling for pressing legal reforms and technological safeguards. Further, the question of appointing a corporate personhood to artificial intelligence will be deliberated upon, touching upon the socio-legal implications of the same. The paper will conclude by reflecting upon the future trajectory of deepfakes and their impact on the legal landscape, affirming the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptation in judicial administration.
Model Based Process Development and Operation of a Fluid Bed Granulation Unit to Manufacture Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Mu�oz Salvador Garc�a , Sen Maitraye , Gupta Shashwat , Ruff Ronald
Published: August 2024

A hybrid model for the fluid bed granulation operation was built. The deterministic component focuses on the mass and energy balances representing the water ingress and egress from the powder bed. The empirical one does on granule growth. Estimability techniques were used to determine which parameters to regress from the available data. A partial least squares approach was used to better understand the impact of the model parameters onto key model responses and sensitivity plots were made to aid operational decisions and support pharmaceutical development.
A Novel Cost-Efficient Tributyl Citrate Production Process
Authors: Cabeza Andres F. , Orjuela Alvaro , Neira David E. Bernal
Published: August 2024

Phthalates are the most widely used plasticizers in the polymers industry; however, their toxicity and environmental impacts have led to their ban in various applications. This has driven the search for more sustainable alternatives, including biobased citrate esters, especially tributyl citrate (TBC) and its acetylated form. TBC is typically produced by refined citric acid (CA) esterification with 1-butanol (BuOH). However, the high energy and materials-intensive downstream purification of fermentation-derived CA involves high production costs, thus limiting the widespread adoption of TBC as a plasticizer. This work presents an innovative approach for TBC production using calcium citrate as feedstock instead of pure CA. The process involves a simultaneous acidification-esterification stage and further hydration of calcium sulfate, thus reducing costs by avoiding multiple CA refining steps. The approach proceeds via a solid-solid-liquid reaction of calcium citrate with sulfuric acid in butanol, releasing CA, which is simultaneously esterified to form TBC. The resultant calcium sulfate aids in water removal to enhance esterification conversion. Based upon experimentally validated models and rigorous simulations, the proposed approach was evaluated, and it exhibited significant reductions in processing times and operating costs, with savings of at least 46% in utilities compared to traditional TBC production. The novel approach was found suitable and promising for industrial deployment.
Development of Steady-State and Dynamic Mass-Energy Constrained Neural Networks using Noisy Transient Data
Authors: Mukherjee Angan , Bhattacharyya Debangsu
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the development of algorithms for mass-energy constrained neural network (MECNN) models that can exactly conserve the overall mass and energy of distributed chemical process systems, even though the noisy steady-state/transient data used for optimal model training violate the same. For developing dynamic mass-energy constrained network models for distributed systems, hybrid series and parallel dynamic-static neural networks are used as candidate architectures. The proposed approaches for solving both the inverse and forward problems are validated considering both steady-state and dynamic data in presence of various noise characteristics. The proposed network structures and algorithms are applied to the development of data-driven models of a nonlinear non-isothermal reactor that involves an exothermic reaction making it significantly challenging to exactly satisfy the mass and energy conservation laws of the system only by using the available input and output boundary conditions.
Opportunities for Process Intensification with Membranes to Promote Circular Economy Development for Critical Minerals
Authors: Dougher Molly , Lair Laurianne , Ouimet Jonathan Aubuchon , Phillip William A. , Tarka Thomas J. , Dowling Alexander W.
Published: August 2024

Critical minerals are essential to the future of clean energy, especially energy storage, electric vehicles, and advanced electronics. In this paper, we argue that process systems engineering (PSE) paradigms provide essential frameworks for enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of critical mineral processing pathways. As a concrete example, we review challenges and opportunities across material-to-infrastructure scales for process intensification (PI) with membranes. Within critical mineral processing, there is a need to reduce environmental impact, especially concerning chemical reagent usage. Feed concentrations and product demand variability require flexible, intensified processes. Further, unique feedstocks require unique processes (i.e., no one-size-fits-all recycling or refining system exists). Membrane materials span a vast design space that allows significant optimization. Therefore, there is a need to rapidly identify the best opportunities for membrane implementation, thus informing materials optimization with process and infrastructure scale performance targets. Finally, scale-up must be accelerated and de-risked across the materials-to-process levels to fully realize the opportunity presented by membranes, thereby fostering the development of a circular economy for critical minerals. Tackling these challenges requires integrating efforts across diverse disciplines. We advocate for a holistic molecular-to-systems perspective for fully realizing PI with membranes to address sustainability challenges in critical mineral processing. The opportunities for PI with membranes are excellent applications for emerging research in machine learning, data science, automation, and optimization.
The design and operational space of syngas production via integrated direct air capture with gaseous CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Almajed Hussain M. , Guerra Omar J. , Somoza-Tornos Ana , Smith Wilson A. , Hodge Bri-Mathias
Published: August 2024

The overarching goal of limiting the increase in global temperature to = 2.0� C likely requires both decarbonization and defossilization efforts. Direct air capture (DAC) and CO2 electrolysis stand out as promising technologies for capturing and utilizing atmospheric CO2. In this effort, we explore the details of designing and operating an integrated DAC-electrolysis process by examining some key parameters for economic feasibility. We evaluate the gross profit and net income to find the most appropriate capacity factor, average electricity price, syngas sale price, and CO2 taxes. Additionally, we study an optimistic scenario of CO2 electrolysis and perform a sensitivity analysis of the CO2 capture price to elucidate the impact of design decisions on the economic feasibility. Our findings underscore the necessity of design improvements of the CO2 electrolysis and DAC processes to achieve reasonable capacity factor and average electricity price limits. Notably, CO2 taxes and tax credits in the order of $400 per t-CO2 or greater are essential for the economic viability of the optimistic DAC-electrolysis route, especially at competitive syngas sale prices. This study serves as a foundation for further work on designing appropriate power system models that integrate well with the presented air-to-syngas route.
Techno economical assessment of a low-carbon hydrogen production process using residual biomass gasification and carbon capture
Authors: Carrillo E.J. , Lizcano-Prada J. , Kafaro V. , Rodriguez-Vallejo D. , Uribe-Rodr�guez A.
Published: August 2024

Aiming to mitigate the environmental impact derived from fossil fuels, we propose an integrated carbon capture-biomass gasification process is proposed to produce low-carbon hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier. The process begins with the pre-treatment of empty fruit bunches (EFB), involving grinding, drying, torrefaction, and pelletization. The resulting EFB pellet is then fed into a dual gasifier, followed by a catalytic cracking of tar and water gas shift reaction to produce syngas, aiming to increase its H2 to CO ratio. Subsequently, we explore two alternatives (DEPG and MEA) for syngas upgrading by removing CO2. Finally, a PSA system is modeled to obtain H2 at 99.9% purity. The pre-treatment stage densifies the biomass from an initial composition (%C 46.47, %H 6.22, %O 42.25) to (%C 54.10, %H 6.09, %O 28.67). The dual gasifier operates at 800�C, using steam as a gasifying agent. The resulting syngas has a volume concentration (%CO 20.0, %CO2 28.2, %H2 42.2, %CH4 5.9). Next stages of the process focus on removing the CO2 and increased H2 through catalytic reactions from the syngas. Thus, the DEPG carbon capture process can decrease the CO2 concentration to 2.9%, increasing the hydrogen to 95.6% in volume. In contrast, the MEA process reduces the concentration of CO2 to 5.2% and increases the concentration of H2 to 93.1%. Moreover, we estimate a levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH) and carbon capture cost for each method (DEPG and MEA) (LCOC) and CO2 avoided (LCCA). LCOH: 3.05 USD/kg H2, LCOC: 92 and 59 USD/t CO2 and 183 and 119 USD/t CO2, for DEPG and MEA respectively.
Mathematical Optimization of Separator Network Design for Sand Management
Authors: Santhamoorthy Pooja Zen , Cremaschi Selen
Published: August 2024

Sand produced along with well-production fluids accumulates in the surface facilities over time, taking valuable space, while the sand carried with the fluids damages downstream equipment. Thus, sand is separated from the fluid in the sand traps and separators and removed during periodic clean-ups. But at high sand productions, the probability of unscheduled facilities shutdowns increases. Such extreme production conditions can be handled by strategic planning and optimal design of the separator network to enable maximum sand separation at minimal equipment cost while ensuring the accumulation extent is within tolerable limits. This paper develops a mathematical model to optimize the separator network design to maximize sand separation while the sand accumulation extent and total equipment cost are minimal. The optimization model is formulated using multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The capabilities of the developed model to assist sand management in the separator network are demonstrated with a case study of optimizing the network for two wells producing sand particles of different sizes. A residence time distribution-based model is used to predict sand settling behavior. The developed Pareto Front shows the trade-off between the increase in total sand accumulation rate and total equipment cost for an increase in the fraction of sand settled.
Jacobian-based Model Diagnostics and Application to Equation Oriented Modeling of a Carbon Capture System
Authors: Allan Douglas A. , Ostace Anca , Lee Andrew , Paul Brandon , Deshpande Anuja , Zamarripa Miguel A. , Morgan Joshua C. , Omell Benjamin P.
Published: August 2024

Equation-oriented (EO) modeling has the potential to enable the effective design and optimization of the operation of advanced energy systems. However, advanced modeling of energy systems results in a large number of variables and non-linear equations, and it can be difficult to search through these to identify the culprit(s) responsible for convergence issues. The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems Integrated Platform (IDAES-IP) contains a tool to identify poorly scaled constraints and variables by searching for rows and columns of the Jacobian matrix with small L2-norms so they can be rescaled. A further singular value decomposition can be performed to identify degenerate sets of equations and remaining scaling issues. This work presents an EO model of a flowsheet developed for post-combustion carbon capture using a monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent system as a case study. The IDAES diagnostics tools were successfully applied to this flowsheet to identify problems to improve model robustness and enable the optimization of process design and operating conditions of a carbon capture system.
Internally Heated Crackers for Decarbonization and Optimization of Ethylene Production
Authors: Rodriguez-Gil Edwin A. , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: August 2024

Ethylene is a crucial precursor for a diverse spectrum of products and services. As global production exceeds 150 million tons annually and is projected to surpass 255 million tons by 2035, the imperative for sustainable and efficient ethylene production becomes increasingly clear. Despite Externally Heated Crackers (EHCs) dominating ethylene production for over a century, they face intrinsic limitations that necessitate transformative solutions, including intense radial thermal gradients, high metal demand, and substantial CO2 emissions. This study employs a robust combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled with detailed chemical kinetics to rigorously assess selected configurations of Internally Heated Crackers (IHCs) against the leading EHC designs. Our findings reveal that IHCs exhibit the potential to enhance ethylene output by a factor of 1.66 when compared to EHCs of the same length, diameter, and surface temperature. These results herald a promising era for developing more efficient cracking reactor designs, poised to redefine the landscape of sustainable chemical manufacturing towards achieving Net-Zero emissions. Embracing innovative technologies like IHCs presents an opportunity for the chemical industry to make significant strides in reducing its environmental footprint while meeting the growing global demand for ethylene and its derivatives.