bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy and chemical composition of technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from fly ash and bottom ash from selected thermal power stations in Poland
Authors: Uzarowicz Łukasz , Zagórski Zbigniew
Published: February 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the mineral and chemical composition of technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from fly ash and bottom ash from power plants in which bituminous coal and lignite was combusted. The mineral composition of the “fresh” wastes (i.e. fly ash and bottom ash) and soil samples derived from them was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition (content of major elements) was determined using ICP-AES method. Quartz, mullite, and amorphous substances (glass) predominated in the mineral composition of wastes after bituminous coal combustion. Magnetite was also found there. Soils developed from wastes after bituminous coal combustion contained all above mentioned minerals inherited from fly ash and bottom ash. Moreover, small amounts of secondary calcite were identified. In some soil horizons containing large amounts of inherited magnetite, secondary iron oxides and oxyhydroxides (goethite and lepidocrocite) also occurred. Quartz predominated in the mineral composition of the “fresh” wastes after lignite combustion. Relatively small amounts of iron oxides (magnetite and hematite) were also found there. In “fresh” fly ash, apart from minerals mentioned above, anhydrite and calcium oxide (lime) was identified. Soils developed from wastes after lignite combustion contained inherited quartz, magnetite, and hematite. Furthermore, calcite which sometimes was a predominating mineral in certain soil horizons occurred. Moreover, sulphates (gypsum, bassanite, and ettringite), and vaterite (a polymorph of Ca carbonate) were also found in soils. Silicon predominated among major elements in “fresh” ashes after bituminous coal combustion and soil derived from them followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, Na, P, and Mn. On the other hand, the contents of major elements in the samples (ashes and soils) after lignite combustion can be arranged as follows: Si, Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, K, Mn, Na, and P. However, in some horizons (i.e. in calcareous materials deposited in the topsoil of some profiles) in soil developed on landfills near TPSs combusting lignite, Ca was a predominating element.
Multimorbidity: What Do We Know? What Should We Do?
Authors: Navickas Rokas , Petric Vesna-Kerstin , Feigl Andrea B. , Seychell Martin
Published: February 2016

Multimorbidity, which is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, has moved onto the priority agenda for many health policymakers and healthcare providers. Patients with multimorbidity are high utilizers of healthcare resources and are some of the most costly and difficult-to-treat patients in Europe. Preventing and improving the way multimorbidity is managed is now a key priority for many countries, and work is at last underway to develop more sustainable models of care. Unfortunately, this effort is being hampered by a lack of basic knowledge about the aetiology, epidemiology, and risk factors for multimorbidity, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of different interventions. The European Commission recognizes the need for reform in this area and has committed to raising awareness of multimorbidity, encouraging innovation, optimizing the use of existing resources, and coordinating the efforts of different stakeholders across the European Union. Many countries have now incorporated multimorbidity into their own healthcare strategies and are working to strengthen their prevention efforts and develop more integrated models of care. Although there is some evidence that integrated care for people with multimorbidity can create efficiency gains and improve health outcomes, the evidence is limited, and may only be applicable to high-income countries with relatively strong and well-resourced health systems. In low- to middle-income countries, which are facing the double burden of infectious and chronic diseases, integration of care will require capacity building, better quality services, and a stronger evidence base.
On the origin of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity
Authors: Laurentino Sandra , Borgmann Jennifer , Gromoll Jörg
Published: February 2016

The influence of epigenetic modifications on reproduction and on the function of male germ cells has been thoroughly demonstrated. In particular, aberrant DNA methylation levels in sperm have been associated with abnormal sperm parameters, lower fertilization rates and impaired embryo development. Recent reports have indicated that human sperm might be epigenetically heterogeneous and that abnormal DNA methylation levels found in the sperm of infertile men could be due to the presence of sperm populations with different epigenetic quality. However, the origin and the contribution of different germ cell types to this suspected heterogeneity remain unclear. In this review, we focus on sperm epigenetics at the DNA methylation level and its importance in reproduction. We take into account the latest developments and hypotheses concerning the functional significance of epigenetic heterogeneity coming from the field of stem cell and cancer biology and discuss the potential importance and consequences of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity for reproduction, male (in)fertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Based on the current information, we propose a model in which spermatogonial stem cell variability, either intrinsic or due to external factors (such as endocrine action and environmental stimuli), can lead to epigenetic sperm heterogeneity, sperm epimutations and male infertility. The elucidation of the precise causes for epimutations, the conception of adequate therapeutic options and the development of sperm selection technologies based on epigenetic quality should be regarded as crucial to the improvement of ART outcome in the near future.
Measuring Meaning
Authors: Kellerhals Ursina , Abplanalp Richard , Demarmels Sascha , MacKevett Douglas , Simon Monika , Wehrli Roger
Published: February 2016

While much research has focused on the linguistic expression of emotion, especially in the advertising industry, little attention has been paid to the linguistic evocation of emotion. This study attempts to redress this issue by employing methods of empirical social research to measure the evocation of emotionality and rationality in recipients. The data was collected online through representative samples (n=3,030) across four countries (US, UK, Germany, Switzerland) using comparative text modules embedded in tourism brochures promoting sustainable hotel stays. On the one hand the results show that theories of the linguistic evocation of emotionality are not borne out in practice. On the other, our findings suggest that linguistic evocation of emotionality and rationality varies across cultures even if the language in which the evocation is triggered is shared (i.e.UK and US).
Using Grammatical Features for Automatic Register Identification in an Unrestricted Corpus of Documents from the Open Web
Authors: Biber Douglas , Egbert Jesse
Published: February 2016

Most previous attempts at automatic genre identification have been based on corpus samples that are relatively small and artificially restricted. In this study we set out to automatically predict register/genre categories in a large, representative sample of documents from the open web using a linguistic approach focused on lexico-grammatical characteristics that have functional associations. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of automatically predicting register/genre on the unrestricted open web, and we anticipate that future extensions will allow this task to be accomplished with considerably higher degrees of accuracy.
As famílias na abordagem Minskyana: aspectos e desdobramentos do endividamento das famílias americanas no século XX e início do XXI
Authors: ROSA EVERTON S. T.
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Este artigo busca retratar a inserção financeira das famílias e suas implicações para a dinâmica do sistema econômico, tendo em vista a importância assumida pelo endividamento das famílias norte-americanas nas últimas décadas, em particular, na crise de 2007 nos EUA. Frente às transformações da economia norte-americana e de seu sistema financeiro, é proposto o resgate das contribuições da economia monetária de Keynes e da visão financeira de Minsky para compreender de forma adequada o comportamento das famílias, tanto na dimensão dos fluxos de renda e gastos, quanto nas decisões sobre estoques de ativos e passivos sujeitos à volatilidade e incerteza.
DO DIREITO À CIDADE AO FAZER-CIDADE. O ANTROPÓLOGO, A MARGEM E O CENTRO
Authors: Agier Michel
Published: February 2016

Resumo Neste artigo, proponho definir a antropologia da cidade como a exploração etnográfica e a compreensão reflexiva das situações, dos lugares e dos movimentos que "fazem cidade". Fazer-cidade é o meio para a instauração do "direito à cidade", aqui e agora. De acordo com esta concepção, algumas práticas polêmicas ou eventualmente minoritárias (invasões, ocupações) ganham um sentido radical de um ponto de vista teórico, pois fazem nascer - a partir das margens, das fronteiras, do precário, do vazio e da desordem - um desejo e um apelo em direção a um horizonte de cidade sonhada, virtual ou ideal. O movimento do fazer-cidade é incitado por uma ausência (ao se afirmar que "a cidade está morta") e impulsionado por uma imagem, um mito perdido, um horizonte ainda que inatingíveis. Neste contexto e segundo um princípio geral de relatividade, a antropologia da cidade não produz nem se refere a nenhuma definição normativa da cidade em si, mas a concebe como o movimento contínuo de sua construção e desconstrução.
Dinâmica Temporal do Assentamento e os Projetos de Vida da Juventude Rural
Authors: Lopes Leandro Gomes Reis , Carvalho Denis Barros de
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Esta pesquisa aborda a apropriação do espaço pela juventude rural, tendo em perspectiva a dinâmica temporal de um assentamento rural organizado pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST), em Teresina, Piauí. Os jovens assentados pesquisados foram inseridos na luta pela terra, em sua maioria, em decorrência da decisão de seus pais. Assim, a partir dessa luta eles tiveram que (re)construir seus projetos de vida no espaço do assentamento, num processo tensionado pelas transformações do mundo rural e das problemáticas próprias da juventude do campo. A partir de uma pesquisa participante, por meio da técnica de grupo focal, com o Coletivo de Jovens já existente, foram discutidos os processos e vetores que atuam na construção dos projetos de vida dos jovens rurais com relação ao assentamento Vale da Esperança. As informações, analisadas por meio da técnica de Categorização da Análise de Conteúdo, apontaram para a importância da forma de inserção na terra como também atuação de mediadores sociais na apropriação do espaço e construção de projetos de vidas voltados para o próprio assentamento.
O Programa Brasileiro de Biodiesel e o Risco Associado ao Preço da Mamona em Irecê, Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo Dias Paes , Daniel Lindomar Pegorini , Lima João Eustáquio de
Published: February 2016

Resumo: O presente estudo buscou verificar se os preços da mamona no estado da Bahia estão sujeitos à instabilidade estrutural e se a implementação do Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) elevou tal instabilidade. Foram utilizados modelos TGARCH e EGARCH de heterocedasticidade condicional para medir a instabilidade estrutural dos preços da mamona e o efeito do PNPB sobre a volatilidade dos preços. Os resultados indicam que os preços de mamona na Bahia são instáveis, que aumentos nos preços elevam a instabilidade e que o PNPB aumentou o risco de preço no estado. Dada a aversão ao risco por parte dos produtores, a implementação do PNPB tornou a atividade menos atrativa, o que pode ter contribuído para a baixa relevância da mamona dentro do programa.
Association between untreated dental caries and household food insecurity in schoolchildren
Authors: Santin Gabriela Cristina , Pintarelli Tatiana Pegoretti , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Oliveira Ana Cristina Borges de , Paiva Saul Martins , Ferreira Fernanda Morais
Published: February 2016

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the association between untreated dental caries (UDC) and household food insecurity (HFI) among schoolchildren in different income strata. A population-based study was carried out with a sample of 584 12-y-old schoolchildren. Oral examinations were performed and HFI was determined using a validated scale. Other independent variables were analyzed for being of interest to the stratification of the results (per capita household income) or for acting as potential confounding variables. The prevalence of UDC and HFI was 45% and 39%, respectively. The multivariate models demonstrated that the UDC was significantly more prevalent among children in food-insecure households with per capita income of up to US$ 70.71 than among those in the same income stratum that were free of HFI [PR = 1.52 (95%CI = 1.01-2.29)]. HFI was associated with a greater frequency of UDC among low-income schoolchildren, but had no significant impact on this variable among children from other income strata. Thus, ensuring access to quality food may be a good strategy for minimizing inequities in oral health and reducing dental caries experience among schoolchildren from low-income families.
Conhecimento dos pacientes sobre medicamentos prescritos por odontólogos no sul do Brasil
Authors: Dresch Ana Paula , Amador Tânia Alves , Heineck Isabela
Published: February 2016

Resumo Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o nível de conhecimento dos pacientes em relação aos medicamentos prescritos em serviços odontológicos públicos de Porto Alegre, verificar existência de prescrições verbais e fontes individuais de informação sobre os mesmos. Com delineamento transversal, um questionário era aplicado após consulta em dois serviços de urgência odontológica. Dos 286 entrevistados, 164 (57%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 35 anos e de renda familiar de 3,5 salários mínimos. Observou-se um índice de aproximadamente 10% de prescrições verbais. Em relação às prescrições escritas (n = 258), 86% dos pacientes sabiam o nome do medicamento, 85% a frequência de doses, 66% a indicação terapêutica e 65% a dose. Apenas 20% e 9% sabiam informar sobre precauções e efeitos adversos, respectivamente. Através do escore utilizado, 55% da amostra apresentou um nível de conhecimento regular, 34% insuficiente e 11% bom. A principal fonte de informação sobre medicamentos foi a bula (40,7%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou um nível de conhecimento suficiente a respeito das informações principais do tratamento, porém teriam dificuldade de conduzi-lo de forma adequada frente a alguma intercorrência.
Lesões no trânsito e uso de equipamento de proteção na população brasileira, segundo estudo de base populacional
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Andrade Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo , Gomes Nayara , Silva Marta Maria Alves da , Morais Neto Otaliba Libânio de , Reis Ademar Arthur Chioro dos , Nardi Antônio Carlos Figueiredo
Published: February 2016

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo descrever as lesões no trânsito segundo características demográficas, utilização de equipamentos de proteção, uso de serviços de saúde, limitação de atividades e incapacidades. Estimou-se o percentual de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito com lesões, o de uso de equipamentos de proteção, o uso de serviços saúde, limitação de atividades habituais, incapacidades e sequelas, segundo escolaridade, raça-cor, sexo, idade e região de residência. O uso de cinto de segurança na população adulta foi de 79,4% e 50,2%, nos bancos da frente e de trás, respectivamente; o de uso do capacete entre os condutores e passageiros de motocicleta foi respectivamente de 83,4 e 80,1. Equipamentos de segurança são menos usados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e na zona rural. Relataram acidente de trânsito no último mês 3,1%, sendo maior no sexo masculino 4,5%, nas pessoas de escolaridade de nível fundamental completo e médio completo, adulto jovem e de raça-cor parda. Entre os acidentados receberam algum tipo de assistência de saúde devido a este acidente 52,4% foram internados, 7,7% relataram ter tido limitação de atividades habituais, incapacidades e sequelas decorrente de acidente de trânsito 14,1%. Os acidentes de trânsito são elevados no país.
Hygroscopic behavior of lyophilized acerola pulp powder
Authors: Ribeiro Luciana C. , Costa José M. C. da , Afonso Marcos R. A.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Powder products are characterized by their practicality and long life. However, fruit powders have high hygroscopicity and tend to agglomerate due to its hydrophilic nature. The isotherms of equilibrium moisture content apply to the study of dehydrated food preservation potential. Acerola is a nutritionally rich fruit, with great economic and industrial potential. The objective of this study was to analyse acerola powder adsorption isotherms obtained by lyophilization and characterize the powder obtained from lyophilized acerola pulp. Analysis of hygroscopicity, solubility and degree of caking were performed. Isotherms were represented by the mathematical models of GAB, BET, Henderson and Oswin, at temperatures of 25, 35 and 45 °C. According to the results, the obtained powder showed hygroscopicity of 5.96 g of absorbed water 100g-1 of solids, solubility of 95.08% and caking of 14.12%. The BET model showed the best fit to the adsorption isotherms of the acerola pulp powder obtained by lyophilization. The obtained isotherm was of type III, with a "J" shape. There was an inversion of the effect of temperature on the isotherms of acerola powders.
Performance of a seeder according to the displacement velocity and furrowing mechanism for fertilizer deposition
Authors: Santos Viviane C. dos , Santos Paulo R. A. dos , Lima Isabela O. , Pereira Valberto R. F. , Gonçalves Flávio R. F. , Chioderoli Carlos A.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Agribusiness daily increases the demand for machinery with better efficiency, seeking to reduce operating costs and improve the quality of the sowing process. The objective of present study was to evaluate the quality of the longitudinal seed distribution and the operating performance of a seeder-fertilizer according to displacement velocity and furrowing mechanism for fertilizer deposition. The assay was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Ceará. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 3 factorial, with four replicates with two furrowing mechanisms for fertilizer deposition (double disc and shank) and three displacement velocities (4.7, 6.3 and 8.2 km h-1). The results demonstrate that for the quality of seed distribution, the best performance was obtained with the use of the shank at velocity of 6.3 km h-1. The tractor-seeder set provided better operating performance using the disc, which promoted the lowest specific consumption at the velocity of 4.7 km h-1.
Efetividade de Gestão do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais
Authors: Jeannot Katya Kavuya , Carvalho Vinícius do Couto , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite
Published: February 2016

RESUMO A eficácia da gestão em unidades de conservação centra-se em saber se as políticas administrativas nessas unidades de conservação são adequadas ao objetivo de sua criação. O presente estudo objetivou diagnosticar a efetividade da gestão do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, localizado nos municípios de Lima Duarte e Santa Rita do Ibitipoca, no sudeste do Estado de Minas Gerais. A efetividade da gestão do parque foi avaliada a partir de quatro módulos: o planejamento, os insumos, os processos e os resultados da gestão. A análise de cada módulo foi composta por diferentes parâmetros, obtendo-se como resultado um nível de 54% de efetividade da gestão, o que representa um nível mediamente satisfatório. Destacaram-se, como desafios, a necessidade de investimentos em recursos humanos e a inadequação de recursos; e, como oportunidades, o alcance de objetivos, a pesquisa, a fiscalização e o monitoramento.
Determinação da Orientação Estratégica do Polo Moveleiro do Alto Vale do Rio Negro
Authors: Loper Ailson Augusto , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da , Angelo Humberto
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar e identificar a estratégia competitiva desenvolvida pelo polo moveleiro do Alto Vale do Rio Negro a partir das três estratégias genéricas propostas por Porter (1980): baixo custo, diferenciação e foco. A identificação das estratégias foi por meio da aplicação de questionário e análise de correspondência. Em geral, as empresas do polo são exportadoras, de médio ou pequeno porte, produzem móveis residenciais, retilíneos sob encomenda ou de forma seriada. A análise dos dados evidenciou que o grupo de moveleiras analisadas não apresenta uma estratégia genérica pura, pois as estratégias de baixo custo e diferenciação foram consideradas igualmente importantes. Verificou-se que as firmas com maior parte da sua produção voltada para o mercado externo adotam a estratégia de baixo custo e as moveleiras de grande porte perseguem a estratégia de baixo custo e diferenciação simultaneamente.
Aporte de Serapilheira e Nutrientes em Área de Restauração Florestal com Diferentes Espaçamentos de Plantio
Authors: Villa Ester Bullich , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Alonso Jorge Makhlouta , Beutler Sidinei Júlio , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a deposição de serapilheira ao longo de dois anos e a qualidade nutricional da serapilheira, em função do espaçamento de plantio visando à restauração florestal. Os espaçamentos de plantio 1 × 1; 1,5 × 1,5; 2 × 2 e 3 × 2 m, constituem as unidades amostrais dos tratamentos. No espaçamento 1 × 1 m foi observada a maior deposição de serapilheira, não havendo diferenças entre as unidades dos demais espaçamentos. A fração folha mostrou, em todos os espaçamentos, maior aporte de serapilheira (77%). O maior conteúdo de nutrientes foi observado no espaçamento 1 × 1 m. Em geral, constatou-se a seguinte ordem quanto o conteúdo de nutrientes da serapilheira N > Ca > K > Mg > P.
Analytical model for assessing of strengthening the flexural beams with T and rectangular section
Authors: ANDREOLLI I.
Published: February 2016

This study presents an analytical model for evaluation of the reinforced beams under simple bending based on recommendations of the Brazilian Concrete Code (NBR-6118) and a study published by the International Federation of Concrete (fib). In this paper are considered two different section types, rectangular and "T" sections and the beam´s deformation are analyzed considering the moment-curvature diagram taking into consideration the limits of deformation of materials. The results obtained by both Codes are confronted each other, showing great similarity. Additionally, destructive tests of reinforced beams have been made in the laboratory and were compared to results obtained by the analytical model, showing excellent performance of the proposed model. The objective of this publication is to present the analytical model. Analysis comparing the field results and the analytical model were presented in another publication mentioned in this study.
Strategy of prevention of bleeding-related maternal mortality
Authors: Zainulina Marina Sabirovna , Kornyushina Ekaterina Amirovna , Krivonos Marina Ivanivna
Published: February 2016

The article presents data on bleeding-related maternal mortality in St. Petersburg, North-West Federal District and in the Russian Federation. 6 times reduction of maternal mortality per 100 000 live births was observed in Russian Federation during the last three decades, however, the structure of maternal mortality due to bleeding, changes in the direction of increasing of rate of placental localization abnormalities and placenta previa. This trend may be related to the steady growth of the caesarean section rate. Particular attention is given to the formation of groups of patients at risk of developing obstetric hemorrhage, full examination, prevention of coagulopathy, the timely detection of placental localization abnormalities and placenta accreta. The article reviews the current approaches to prevention of obstetric hemorrhage using drugs, surgical techniques, and blood saving technologies.
Novel options in Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic
Authors: Baranov Vladislav Sergeevich , Kuznetzova Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: February 2016

Modern molecular approaches to prenatal diagnostic of inherited diseases are briefly reviewed. Advantages and limitations of molecular methods for analysis of chromosomal anomalies (QF-PCR, aCGH, NGS) are considered in line with conventional prenatal karyotyping. The special attention is paid to efficacy, limitations and diagnostic options of noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT). Some particular problems of its widespread implication into routine clinical practice are discussed. State of art in preimplantation genetic diagnostics (PGD) and obvious great opportunities of preconceptional genetic testing are highlighted.
Investigating the Effects of “Philosophy for Children” Program on the Reduction of Psychosomatic Disorders Symptoms in 9-11 Age Boys
Authors: Shatalebi Akram , Hedayati Mehrnoosh
Published: February 2016

This study is investigating the impact of “Philosophy for Children” Program on the reduction of the symptoms of psychosomatic disorders in children aged 9 to 11 years in Iran. The sample of the study consists of 45 primary school boy students who were randomly selected using multistage random cluster sampling from among 19 districts of Education. This is a Quasi-experimental method research with experimental and control groups. Research tool in this study was Achenbach questionnaire form YSR (Youth Self-report). At first, using this questionnaire, all third and forth graders in two schools were selected by screening in which 45 ones got a score which showed psychosomatic disorders that all of them were eager to take part in the study. The test group, during a 12 sessions in a week, for 1 hour, participated in community of philosophical inquiry-the method of “Philosophy for Children” Program-with a training coach. After the end of the sessions, Achenbach’s re-test, on both control and test groups, was taken to determine the effect of holding the “Philosophy for Children” Program on psychosomatic disorders. The results of this study showed that the implementation of this program has a significant effect in reducing symptoms of psychosomatic disorder of test group.
Multiplex real-time PCR to identify a possible reinfection with different strains of human cytomegalovirus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Authors: Zawilinska Barbara , Szostek Slawa , Kopec Jolanta , Piatkowska-Jakubas Beata , Kosz-Vnenchak Magdalena
Published: February 2016

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains the leading cause of serious contagious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections in HCMV-seropositive recipients can be due to reactivation or reinfection. Different HCMV strains were identified by determining the genotypes isolated from repeatedly tested patients. The UL55 sequences encoding viral glycoprotein B (gB) have been chosen as the target gene. The region, in which the gB precursor protein is cleaved into two fragments by a cellular endoprotease, is characterized by genetic variability, and based on that HCMV is classified into four major genotypes: gB1, gB2, gB3 and gB4. Multiplex real-time PCR assay enabled both, HCMV gB genotyping, as well as simultaneous quantitative assessment of the detected genotypes. This study was carried out in 30 transplant recipients, from whom 105 isolates of HCMV DNA were genotyped. In 40% of recipients, a mixed infection with two or three genotypes was detected. Genotype gB1 dominated in general, and characteristically for mixed infections, the genotype gB3 or gB4 was always present. Although there were no significant differences in the load for each genotype, in case of multiple infections, the number of copies of gB1 genotype was significantly higher when compared to a single gB1 infection. In patients with mixed genotypes, chronic HCMV infections and graft versus host disease were observed more often, as well as antiviral treatment was less effective. It was assumed that these adverse effects can be related to the presence of gB3 and gB4 genotypes.
Local Treatment with Adjuvant Therapy for Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumors in the Long Bones
Authors: Dierselhuis Edwin F. , Gerbers Jasper G. , Ploegmakers Joris J.W. , Stevens Martin , Suurmeijer Albert J.H. , Jutte Paul C.
Published: February 2016

Background:

A central atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT)—formerly known as chondrosarcoma grade 1 (CS1)—is a tumor of intermediate-type malignancy, often treated with surgery. The extent of surgery remains controversial, as some advocate resection and others favor local treatment by curettage. Because of the low prevalence of ACT/CS1, the available data are limited and generally not uniform. The purpose of this study was to present the outcome for a large cohort of patients with ACT/CS1 in the long bones who were treated with curettage and adjuvant phenolization and followed for a minimum of two years according to national guidelines.

Methods:

A retrospective study was designed to analyze data from 108 patients treated for central ACT/CS1 in the long bones between 2006 and 2012. All patients were treated with curettage and adjuvant phenolization, and defects were filled with polymethylmethacrylate, bone graft, or bone substitutes. The primary end point was local recurrence or residual tumor. Secondary end points included the type and rate of complications and reoperations.

Results:

All patients were free from local recurrence at a mean follow-up of 48.7 months (range, 24.3 to 97.5 months). Residual tumor was suspected in five patients, leading to a 95.4% disease-free survival rate. A fracture occurred in eleven patients (10.2%). Other complications were osseous penetration during the surgery (two patients), wound infection (one patient), arthrofibrosis (one patient), and skin necrosis (one patient). Tumor volume was related neither to the risk of fracture nor to the occurrence of residual tumor.

Conclusions:

In our experience, curettage of ACT/CS1 in the long bones with adjuvant phenolization is safe, even with large tumors of up to 100 cm3. Most worrisome is the risk of fracture, which occurred in 10.2% of our patients. Considering the relatively mild behavior of ACT/CS1, less aggressive treatment, by observation or by minimally invasive surgery, could be the next step that should be evaluated prospectively.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes
Authors: Hogan Craig , Bucknell Allan L. , King Karen B.
Published: February 2016

➢ Diabetes has negative effects on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty, including increased numbers of complications, decreased function, early revision, and higher costs.

➢ The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide; therefore, the orthopaedic surgeon should have an understanding of how diabetes affects surgical outcomes.
Removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution by P(HEA/IA) hydrogels
Authors: Antic Katarina , Babic Marija , Vukovic Jovana , Onjia Antonije , Filipovic Jovanka , Tomic Simonida
Published: February 2016

A series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-itaconic acid), P(HEA/IA),
hydrogels with different HEA/IA ratio, were synthesized using free radical
crosslinking/copolymerization and investigated as sorbents for Pb2+ ions from
aqueous solutions. Hydrogels were characterized using DMA, FTIR, DSC, SEM and
AFM. The adsorption was found to be highly dependent on hydrogel composition,
solution pH, sorbent weight, ionic strength and contact time. Five isotherm
models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and
Dubinin-Radushkevich, were applied to the sorption data. The best fit was
obtained with Redlich-Peterson isotherm. The separation factor, RL, value
indicated favorable sorption for Pb2+ ions. The maximum sorption capacities
were 392.2 and 409.8 mg/g for P(HEA/2IA) and P(HEA/10IA), respectively.
Kinetic data showed best fit with pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic
studies revealed that the reaction was exothermic and proceeds with a
decrease in entropy. Moreover, P(HEA/IA) hydrogel showed the most pronounced
sorption toward Pb2+ ions from environment containing Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+
and Co2+ ions. Sorption/desorption experiments, showed that the P(HEA/IA)
hydrogels could be reused without significant loss of the initial properties
even after three adsorption-desorption cycles.
Differences in temperament and character dimensions in adolescents with various conduct disorders
Authors: Dukanac Vesna , Dzamonja-Ignjatovic Tamara , Milanovic Marko , Popovic-Citic Branislava
Published: February 2016

Background/Aim. Adolescence is characterized both by a large developmental
potential and by an increased risk for emergence of different forms of
psychopathology. International classifications of mental disorders recognize
the psychopathology of adolescence at the age of 15?18 through the
categories of conduct disorders and some forms of addiction: chemical and
non-chemical. The aim of this research was to analyse the personality
structure among four groups of adolescents manifesting different types of
conduct disorder based on Cloninger?s Psychobiological theory of
personality. Methods. The research sample consisted of 140 respondents at
the age of 16?18, divided into five groups: 30 respondents manifesting
socialized conduct disorder, 20 adolescents in conflict with the law, 30
respondents manifesting abuse of psychoactive substances, 30 respondents
with the problem of the Internet addiction and 30 from general population.
The Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory (BAPI) questionnaire was used
for the purpose of assessment of personality. Multivariate analysis of
variance (MANOVA), followed by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to examine differences between the given groups of adolescents.
Results. The results of MANOVA show differences in the personality structure
among the groups, both in the dimensions of temperament, F (20,418.84) =
2.71, p < 0.001, Wilks?s lambda 0.67, and in the dimensions of character, F
(12,344.24) = 3.27, p < 0.001, Wilks?s lambda is 0.75. Socialized conduct
disorder is characterized by low selfdirectedness and average
cooperativeness. Adolescents in conflict with the law have the lowest
persistence, together with low self-directedness and cooperativeness.
Adolescents abusing psychoactive substances have low harm avoidance and
self-transcendence. Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by
high novelty seeking (impulsivity and curiosity), low self-directedness and
the lowest cooperativeness. Conclusion. The results show that the dimensions
of personality can play an important role in etiopathogenesis of various
disorders in adolescents.
Combined Insulin Deficiency and Endotoxin Exposure Stimulate Lipid Mobilization and Alter Adipose Tissue Signaling in an Experimental Model of Ketoacidosis in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Svart Mads , Kampmann Ulla , Voss Thomas , Pedersen Steen B. , Johannsen Mogens , Rittig Nikolaj , Poulsen Per L. , Nielsen Thomas S. , Jessen Niels , Møller Niels
Published: February 2016

Most often, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults results from insufficient insulin administration and acute infection. DKA is assumed to release proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones that stimulate lipolysis and ketogenesis. We tested whether this perception of DKA can be reproduced in an experimental human model by using combined insulin deficiency and acute inflammation and tested which intracellular mediators of lipolysis are affected in adipose tissue. Nine subjects with type 1 diabetes were studied twice: 1) insulin-controlled euglycemia and 2) insulin deprivation and endotoxin administration (KET). During KET, serum tumor necrosis factor-α, cortisol, glucagon, and growth hormone levels increased, and free fatty acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and the rate of lipolysis rose markedly. Serum bicarbonate and pH decreased. Adipose tissue mRNA contents of comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) increased and G0/G1 switch 2 gene (G0S2) mRNA decreased robustly. Neither protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) nor phosphorylations of hormone-sensitive lipase were altered. The clinical picture of incipient DKA in adults can be reproduced by combined insulin deficiency and endotoxin-induced acute inflammation. The precipitating steps involve the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones, increased lipolysis, and decreased G0S2 and increased CGI-58 mRNA contents in adipose tissue, compatible with latent ATGL stimulation.
Hydrops associated with chondrodysplasia of the fetus in a miniature Scottish Highland cow
Authors: Catalina Cabrera L. , McNabb Bret R. , Woods Sarah E. , Cartoceti Andrew N. , Busch Rosie C.
Published: February 2016

CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old primiparous miniature Scottish Highland cow with an unknown breeding date was evaluated for suspected hydrops.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonographic examination identified a large amount of hypoechoic fluid within an enlarged uterus; the fetus could not be identified. Presence of a severely distended uterus and concerns regarding associated health risks to the cow led to the decision to induce labor. Although fluids were expelled, parturition did not progress further over the following 48 hours. Vaginal examination revealed a partially dilated cervix and an abnormally shaped fetus that was too large to pass vaginally.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Supportive care was provided to the cow, and a stillborn bull calf was delivered by cesarean section. Grossly evident chondrodystrophic dwarfism with hydrocephalus, compatible with so-called bulldog calf malformations, was confirmed by diagnostic imaging and histopathologic evaluation. The cow recovered from surgery uneventfully and was discharged from the hospital the following day. Genetic analysis of DNA from hair roots collected from the sire and dam confirmed both were carriers of an aggrecan-1 gene mutation (bulldog dwarfism1) previously associated with dwarfism and bulldog calf malformations in Dexter cattle.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bulldog calf malformations associated with an aggrecan-1 gene mutation in miniature Scottish Highland cattle, confirming that at least 1 genetic mutation associated with this condition is found in cattle breeds other than Dexter. The findings highlighted the clinical importance of testing for known genetic diseases in breeding cattle, particularly among miniature breeds.
In-Car Advice to Reduce Negative Effects of Phantom Traffic Jams
Authors: Wismans Luc J. J. , Suijs L. C. W. , Krol L. , van Berkum Eric C.
Published: February 2016

Congestion problems result in economic losses and also have serious implications for traffic safety. In the Netherlands, more than 20% of all congestion is recognized as shockwave jams, or so-called phantom traffic jams, and in other countries this type of jam has been recognized as a significant part of congestion. A phantom jam occurs without the existence of a physical bottleneck and is caused by the imperfect driving style of road users under metastable traffic conditions. To prevent phantom jams, the focus is on the cause of the perturbations or on the metastability of the traffic flow. Previous studies have shown that dynamic speed limits displayed by roadside equipment are successful in stabilizing traffic flow and resolving phantom jams. Several algorithms were developed to prevent or resolve phantom jams by giving in-car speed advice. For this purpose the data, typically detected by dual-loop detectors, were processed by fuzzy logic rules and clustering techniques to determine the spatiotemporal traffic conditions. The performance was tested in a microsimulation study using various compliance rates and speed advice on a two-lane facility. As expected, the occurrence of phantom jams showed a high correlation with high-intensity waves, platoons of traffic under metastable traffic conditions. The results of the algorithms showed that prevention-based algorithms could be successful in reducing phantom jam occurrence. Resolution-based algorithms were unsuccessful, with no significant improvements or deterioration.
Automatic Congestion Identification with Two-Component Mixture Models
Authors: Elhenawy Mohammed , Rakha Hesham A.
Published: February 2016

Automatic identification of traffic congestion is an important component of any intelligent transportation system. These systems need computer algorithms to identify current congestion and to predict the evolution of future congestion. The output of the congestion identification algorithm enables various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and smarter use of transportation networks. A new automatic congestion identification algorithm was proposed; it assumed that the speed data were drawn from a two-component mixture model. The first component represented the speed distribution in congestion, and the second component was the free-flow speed distribution. The proposed algorithm was first calibrated by using historical speed data in a two-component mixture model. A free-flow speed threshold based on the estimated parameters of the free-flow speed distribution was set. Subsequently, a road segment was identified as having free flow if its speed was greater than the threshold and congested if its speed was less than the threshold. The mixture components considered lognormal and gamma-skewed distributions and normal symmetric distributions. The proposed algorithm was tested by using two real data sets collected from two different roadways and was demonstrated to produce good performance.
Observe-Driver-and-Learn Platform for Relevance Estimation in Safety Warning Applications from Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Lin Jane , Szczurek Piotr , Wolfson Ouri , Xu Bo
Published: February 2016

Safety warning applications from a vehicular ad hoc network aim to disseminate alerts about dangerous events on the road with wireless communication technology and, when necessary, warn drivers receiving such alerts. Examples include the emergency electronic brake light or the highway merge warning. A major issue with such applications is false warnings, which lessen any safety benefits the applications provide. A high number of false warnings will lead to driver desensitization and reduce any potential safety benefits. Therefore any received alert has to be evaluated in terms of its relevance for the given vehicle. However, the relevance depends on a combination of many factors and is specific to a given application, so defining an estimator is difficult. A machine-learning method based on the principle of observe-driver-and-learn is proposed for finding relevance estimators. This method is evaluated for its effectiveness with three safety applications: electronic emergency brake lights, the highway merge warning, and the control loss warning.
Evaluation and Sign-Off Methodology for Automated Vehicle Systems Based on Relevant Driving Situations
Authors: Zlocki Adrian , Eckstein Lutz , Fahrenkrog Felix
Published: February 2016

Automated driving is currently under research in various projects and research activities. These activities are clustered in different research areas. The evaluation and sign-off methodology for automated vehicles is currently a challenge to be solved. An innovative approach for such a sign-off methodology is proposed. A state-of-the-art overview of existing evaluation methods for advanced driver assistance systems, which are already available on the market today, is given in the form of a systems engineering process model. The existing evaluation methods already require great effort for real-world testing. Applying these methods to automated vehicles will exceed reasonable budget and time. The proposed method for effective evaluation of automated vehicles considers a database of relevant driving situations, which are collected and simulated on the basis of accident data and field operational and dedicated studies under controlled conditions. The database of relevant driving situations is the basis for an effective evaluation to be applied in simulation, driving simulators, and in test track scenarios. The methodology is described, and necessary building blocks are provided to implement the proposed concept.
Implications of Changing Dynamics for Metered On-Street Parking
Authors: Dey Soumya S. , Dock Stephanie , Patterson Evian
Published: February 2016

The parking industry has seen significant changes over the past decade with the infusion of new technology and smart assets. The introduction of networked meters, virtual payment methods (such as pay-by-cell and credit–debit cards at meters), and technology for real-time detection of space occupancy has resulted in better system uptime, proactive maintenance strategies, multiple payment options, real-time information on parking availability, and better use of spaces through dynamic congestion pricing. The new parking assets and payment options have implications for municipalities and vendors supporting their parking programs. Instead of a significant portion of revenue from coins, virtual transactions account for a predominant share of the parking revenue stream. Focusing on Washington, D.C., as a case study, this paper discusses the economic implications of the changes in the context of overall parking revenue and the cost of different revenue streams for parking. The paper also discusses the impact of these changes on program management (such as maintenance, personnel, and contracting models) and program outcomes (such as customer satisfaction and continued innovation). The paper provides agencies with a framework for taking a holistic look at their parking programs and assessing the impacts of various alternative, cost-effective approaches.