bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Liming Effects of Poultry Layer Manures in Coastal Plain and Piedmont Soils
Authors: Grijalva D. F. Montalvo , Crozier C. R. , Smyth T. J. , Hardy D. H.
Published: September 2010

Since soil type and manure processing can affect nutrient release, laboratory and greenhouse experiments determined N and P availability, and liming value under representative layer manure application scenarios. Fresh, composted, and pelleted manures were applied to surface samples of three North Carolina soils (Belhaven, loamy, mixed, dysic, thermic Terric Haplosaprists; Cecil, fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults; and Lynchburg, fine‐loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aeric Paleaquults). A 90 d N mineralization incubation found greater N mineralization (83, 73, and 61% of total N applied in fresh, composted, and pelleted manures, respectively), in the Lynchburg than in the Cecil soil (41, 33, and 25% for the same manures); while mean N availability of urea was 80% for all soils. All manures exhibited effects on soil pH and Mehlich‐3 extractable soil P during separate 21 d incubations that were consistent with their calcium carbonate equivalence and total P content. In a 30 d greenhouse experiment with millet [Urochloa ramosa (L.) T. Q. Nguyen] in the same soils, plant available N from the manures followed the decreasing order of fresh > composted > pelleted, similar to the rank order obtained in the N incubation study. Application of either inorganic or manure P sources to the Belhaven muck resulted in more water soluble soil P and greater plant P uptake than when P was applied to the mineral soils. Both soil and manure source influenced manure nutrient availability, but the availability coefficients from these laboratory and greenhouse experiments should be verified under field conditions.
Genetic Analysis of Oil Yield, Seed Yield, and Yield Components in Rapeseed Using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Biplots
Authors: Sabaghnia N. , Dehghani H. , Alizadeh B. , Mohghaddam M.
Published: September 2010

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is regarded as one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. An experiment was conducted to quantitatively examine the genetic parameters of oil yield, seed yield, and yield components for rapeseed by using a half diallel of nine rapeseed cultivars. The 36 F1 hybrids, their parents, and four other commercial varieties were planted in breeding nurseries in 2008 and 2009. During the growing season, the number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP), pod length (PL), 1000 seed weight (SW), harvest index (HI), seed yield (SY), oil percent (OP), and oil yield (OY) were measured. The data were analyzed with the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and its biplots. The first two principal components (IPC1 and IPC2) were used to create a two‐dimensional biplot. IPC1 accounted for 28.7% (SW in 2008) to 48.9% (OP in 2009) of the sum of squares of the male by female (M × F) interaction, while IPC2 accounted for 18.3% (PL in 2009) to 31.6% (number of seeds per pod in 2008) of the sum of squares of the M × F interaction. Two heterotic groups were identified for OY, and six between‐group crosses, that is, [Talaye, Modena, Opera] × [Fornax, Orient], would provide maximum heterosis for this trait. The AMMI analysis with the half diallel method identified not only the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects but also the F1 crosses whose offspring may display heterosis in their offspring. The results can be used to design efficient breeding strategies in rapeseed.
Evaluating Cattle Manure Application Strategies on Phosphorus and Nitrogen Losses from a Florida Spodosol
Authors: Obour A. K. , Silveira M. L. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Adjei M. B. , Sollenberger Lynn E.
Published: September 2010

Repeated application of cattle (Bos taurus) manure to agricultural areas often results in soil P accumulation, which may pose risks to surface waters. We evaluated seven different application strategies on P and N losses from an established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatumFlügge) pasture: control (no N applied); two N sources [manure alone or manure plus ammonium nitrate (AN) (50/50% combination)]; two application frequencies (single or split); and two N rates (200 and 400 kg N ha−1). Shallow groundwater P was monitored using piezometers installed at 60 cm (shallow wells) and 120 cm (deep wells). Surface runoff collectors were used to monitor runoff N and P from naturally occurring rainfall events. Soil samples were analyzed for Mehlich‐1 P and KCl‐extractable NH4–N and NO3–N concentrations. Application of manure in combination with AN suppressed leachate P, but no effect was observed on leachate NO3–N concentrations in the shallow wells. Application of manure alone or in combination with AN did not affect P and N concentrations in the deep wells. Applying manure plus AN resulted in approximately 50% reduction in runoff N and P loads than treatments receiving manure alone. Manure applied alone or in combination with AN increased soil test P in upper soil horizons relative to control plots. Conversely, application of either manure or manure plus AN had no effect on soil NH4–N and NO3–N concentrations. Results demonstrate that combining manure application with inorganic N fertilizer represents an environmentally sound application strategy to reduce soil P and N accumulation and subsequent risks of nutrient transport.
Effect of Adhesives and Thermocycling on the Shear Bond Strength of a Nano-Composite to Coronal and Root Dentin
Authors: Korkmaz Y. , Gurgan S. , Firat E. , Nathanson D.
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance

The performance of an adhesive system may differ according to the dentin substrate and thermocyling.
Calculation of Dynamic Tire Forces from Aircraft Instrumentation Data
Authors: McKay Gary E.
Published: September 2010

When evaluating aircraft brake control system performance, it is difficult to overstate the importance of understanding dynamic tire forces—especially those related to tire friction behavior. As important as they are, however, these dynamic tire forces cannot be easily or reliably measured. To fill this need, an analytical approach has been developed to determine instantaneous tire forces during aircraft landing, braking and taxi operations. The approach involves using aircraft instrumentation data to determine forces (other than tire forces), moments, and accelerations acting on the aircraft. Inserting these values into the aircraft’s six degree-of-freedom equations-of-motion allows solution for the tire forces. While there are significant challenges associated with this approach, results to date have exceeded expectations in terms of fidelity, consistency, and data scatter. The results show excellent correlation to tests conducted in a tire test laboratory. And, while the results generally follow accepted tire friction theories, there are noteworthy differences.
Operator-valued Feynman integral via conditional Feynman integrals on a function space
Authors: Cho Dong
Published: September 2010

Let C
0r [0; t] denote the analogue of the r-dimensional Wiener space, define X
t: C
r[0; t] → ℝ2r
by X
t (x) = (x(0); x(t)). In this paper, we introduce a simple formula for the conditional expectations with the conditioning function X
t. Using this formula, we evaluate the conditional analytic Feynman integral for the functional $$
\Gamma _t \left( x \right) = exp \left\{ {\int_0^t {\theta \left( {s,x\left( s \right)} \right)d\eta \left( s \right)} } \right\}\varphi \left( {x\left( t \right)} \right) x \in C^r \left[ {0,t} \right]
$$, where η is a complex Borel measure on [0, t], and θ(s, ·) and φ are the Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of the complex Borel measures on ℝr. We then introduce an integral transform as an analytic operator-valued Feynman integral over C
r [0, t], and evaluate the integral transform for the function Γt via the conditional analytic Feynman integral as a kernel.
Cranial ontogenetic variability, sex ratio and age structure of the Red fox
Authors: Hartová-Nentvichová Martina , Anděra Miloš , Hart Vlastimil
Published: September 2010

Describing the sex ratio, age structure of the population and ontogenetic variability of Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Canidae, Carnivora) skull parameters, this study is based on 416 male and 289 female skulls collected in the Czech Republic. The skulls analysed came from feral individuals, that were shot by hunters. The male to female ratio was 1:0.69 regarding the whole population. Individuals younger than one year prevailed in the population (54% males, 48% females were in their first year of life). Four growth patterns of skull dimensions were described. The first group included mainly skull length dimensions (e.g. condylobasal length). They grew rapidly until the sixth month of life, becoming stabilised afterwards. The second group comprised parameters that were stable throughout the life (e.g. cheek tooth rows). Measurements representing the third growth pattern showed continual growth (mainly width dimensions, e.g. zygomatic breadth). Conversely, smaller dimensions of postorbital breadth were observed after the sixth month of life. Postorbital breadth represented the fourth growth pattern. It was concluded, that male and female Red foxes had similar ontogenetic skull development, even though there were some differences, e.g. in jugular breadth, which increased after the age of six months in males unlike in females.
The use of sulfated tin oxide as solid superacid catalyst for heterogeneous transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil
Authors: Kafuku Gerald , Lee Keat , Mbarawa Makame
Published: September 2010

This work presents the use of sulfated tin oxide enhanced with SiO2 (SO42−/SnO2-SiO2) as a superacid solid catalyst to produce methyl esters from Jatropha curcas oil. The study was conducted using the design of experiment (DoE), specifically a response surface methodology based on a threevariable central composite design (CCD) with α = 2. The reaction parameters in the parametric study were: reaction temperature (60°C to 180°C), reaction period (1 h to 3 h), and methanol to oil mole ratio (1: 6 to 1: 24). Production of the esters was conducted using an autoclave nitrogen pressurized reactor equipped with a thermocouple and a magnetic stirrer. The maximum methyl esters yield of 97 mass % was obtained at the reaction conditions: temperature of 180°C, reaction period of 2 h, and methanol to oil mole ratio of 1: 15. The catalyst amount and agitation speed were fixed to 3 mass % and 350–360 min−1, respectively. Properties of the methyl esters obtained fell within the recommended biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751 (ASTM, 2003).
Adaptive Algorithms for Enhancement of Speech Subject to a High-Level Noise
Authors: Latos Mariusz , Pawełczyk Marek
Published: September 2010

There are many industrial environments which are exposed to a high-level noise, sometimes much higher than the level of speech. Verbal communication is then practically unfeasible. In order to increase the speech intelligibility, appropriate speech enhancement algorithms can be used. It is impossible to filter off the noise completely from the acquired signal by using a conventional filter, because of two reasons. First, the speech and the noise frequency contents are overlapping. Second, the noise properties are subject to change. The adaptive realisation of the Wiener-based approach can be, however, applied. Two structures are possible. One is the line enhancer, where the predictive realisation of the Wiener approach is used. The benefit of using this structure it that it does not require additional apparatus. The second structure takes advantage of the high level of noise. Under such condition, placing another microphone, even close to the primary one, can provide a reference signal well correlated with the noise disturbing the speech and lacking the information about the speech. Then, the classical Wiener filter can be used, to produce an estimate of the noise based on the reference signal. That noise estimate can be then subtracted from the disturbed speech. Both algorithms are verified, based on the data obtained from the real industrial environment. For laboratory experiments the G. R. A. S. artificial head and two microphones, one at back side of an earplug and another at the mouth are used.
Prediction of Reflection Cracking in Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlays
Authors: Tsai Fang-Ling , Lytton Robert L. , Lee SangIck
Published: September 2010

Reflection cracking is one of the main distresses in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays. It has been a serious concern since the early 20th century. Until now, only limited research has been performed to predict reflection cracking. Mechanistic-based models were calibrated to field data to produce a design process for predicting reflection cracks. Three cracking mechanisms (bending, shearing traffic stresses, and thermal stress) were taken into account to evaluate the rate of growth of the three increasing levels of distress severity (low, medium, and high). The cumulative damage done by all three cracking mechanisms is used to predict the number of days for the reflection crack to reach the surface of the overlay. The result of this calculation is calibrated to the observed field data (severity and extent), which has been fitted with an S-shaped curve. In the mechanistic computations, material properties and fracture-related stress intensity factors are generated using efficient artificial neural network algorithms. The axle load spectra were used to represent traffic stresses, and a new model of predicting pavement temperature was incorporated into the thermal stress model. The HMA overlay was over either asphalt pavement or jointed concrete pavement in all four major climatic zones. The results of this calculated mechanistic approach showed HMA's ability to efficiently reproduce field observations of the growth extent and severity of reflection cracking. The computer running time for a 20-year prediction of a typical overlay was between 1 and 4 min.
Expedient Spall Repair Methods and Equipment for Airfield Pavements
Authors: Hammons Michael I. , Saeed Athar
Published: September 2010

Selected equipment and procedures were evaluated to expedite repair of spalls with rapid-setting materials. The objective was to develop one or more methods to excavate and prepare a 2-ft2 × 4-in. deep spall for placement of a rapid-setting repair material in 15 min or less. A secondary objective was to correlate various excavation methods with a relative life expectancy of the repair. For five excavation methods, 2-ft2 × 4-in. deep spalls were excavated in triplicate. The spalls were subsequently repaired with a commonly used rapid-setting spall repair material. The efficacy of the repair methods and equipment were evaluated on the basis of petrographic examination of the substrate excavation, production rate, total production rate, in situ tensile pull-off strength, direct shear bond strength, and performance under simulated F-15E wheel loading. Each of the methods evaluated had a significant improvement in production rate over the 30-lb jackhammer, the standard Department of Defense spall repair excavation method. The most efficient method was a cold planer, which, on average, was approximately 58% more efficient than the jackhammer. Of the methods evaluated, only the cold planer could meet the requirement of excavating a 2-ft2 × 4-in. deep spall in no more than 15 min.
Calibration of HDM-4 Models for Estimating the Effect of Pavement Roughness on Fuel Consumption for U.S. Conditions
Authors: Zaabar Imen , Chatti Karim
Published: September 2010

Fuel consumption costs are an essential part of life-cycle cost analysis. These costs are influenced by vehicle technology, pavement condition, roadway geometrics, environment, speed, and other factors. Many models for the effects of pavement condition on fuel consumption were developed on the basis of data generated years ago in other countries for vehicles that vary substantially from those used currently in the United States. Therefore, new information is needed to help in refining and developing models that would better apply to U.S. conditions. The mechanistic model developed as part of the Highway Development and Management software (HDM-4) is recommended after calibration for predicting fuel consumption. The results of the calibration exercise for U.S. conditions, with field data collected as part of the NCHRP Project 1-45, are presented. The calibrated HDM-4 fuel consumption model was able to predict very adequately the fuel consumption of five different vehicle classes under different operating, weather, and pavement conditions. The better accuracy achieved after calibration has improved the prediction of the effect of roughness on fuel consumption. The comparison of sensitivity analyses before and after calibration has shown that the effect of roughness on fuel consumption increased by 1.75 for the van, 1.70 for the articulated truck, 1.60 for the medium car, 1.35 for the sport utility vehicle, and 1.15 for the light truck.
Exploring Sense-of-Place Attitudes as Indicators of Travel Behavior
Authors: Deutsch Kate , Goulias Konstadinos
Published: September 2010

Researchers in travel behavior have explored attitudes as important determinants since the 1980s and are now broadening the use of attitudinal data in models to explain behavior. Much of the application, however, has focused on attitudes about entities such as lifestyles and attributes of different transport modes. Little attention has been given to attitudes related to places and attributes of human–place interaction. There has been much theorizing in the past 40 years about this human–place interaction, which has been formalized into a multivoiced theory of sense of place. Quantification of this theory and implementation of this attitudinal information into travel behavior modeling are discussed. A survey was conducted in Santa Barbara, California, to measure sense of place and to estimate models of travel behavior. Patrons of two outdoor shopping malls in Santa Barbara were interviewed about place attitudes, sociodemographic information, and details regarding their activity and travel on that day. Regression models were then used with their data to examine differences between the two study locations, the use of mode for arrival, and the timing of the activity, showing the value of the sense-of-place construct as a determinant of travel behavior.
Two-Stage Hedonic Price Model for Light-Duty Vehicles
Authors: Fan Qin , Rubin Jonathan
Published: September 2010

Consumers’ marginal willingness to pay for a unit change of automotive fuel economy was estimated through development of a hedonic regression of new automobiles sales. The research combined national data on vehicle attributes with a unique data set that contains demographic information on all new vehicles registered in Maine in 2007. The research estimates the impact of demographic factors on consumer demands for fuel economy by generating a function for fuel economy demand in a second-stage hedonic model. Results show that consumers undervalue the long-run fuel savings of vehicle ownership, but they significantly value short-run fuel savings. Age and education are positively correlated with fuel economy demand, whereas income is statistically insignificant. Car consumers’ net benefits from an increase in fuel economy from 25 to 35 mpg are computed from the fuel economy demand curve and are approximately $2,232. Strengthening corporate average fuel economy standards is reasonable because consumers can receive significant net benefits from increasing fuel economy.
Responsiveness of Outcome Measures in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Islam Mohammad Imnul , Hossain Mahmuda , Talukder Manik Kumar , Begum Jesmin Ara , Rahman Shahana A
Published: September 2010

Objective: To investigate the responsiveness of disease activity measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) using the Standardized response median (SRM) and the effect size (ES). Design: Prospective observational study. Duration of the study was from June 2005 to December 2007. Setting: This study was carried out in the department of Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants: A total of 58 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study but 40 patients completed their regular follow-up. All patients received MTX orally along with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and/or steroid. Results: The subjective variables including physician's and parent's global assessment were most responsive instrument. Among the articular variables, number of joints with limited range of motion was the most responsive. Functional ability was the lowest responsive. Conclusion: While SRM and ES had been used to evaluate the responsiveness, the physician's and parent's global assessment and number of joints with limited range of motion were the most responsive outcome measure in the therapeutic response in JIA patients. Keywords: Standardized response median (SRM); effect size (ES); responsiveness.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v32i1.5992Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2008; Vol.32(1): 1-5
Neonatal Seizure: An Update
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Shaha Narayan Chandra , Mannan Md Abdul
Published: September 2010

Neonatal seizures continue to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinicians. Seizures can permanently disrupt neuronal development, induce synaptic reorganisation, reduce neurogenesis, alter plasticity and prime the brain to increased seizures later in life1. The prevalence of seizures is 2-3 /1000 live births in term and 10-15 /1000 in preterm deliveries2. Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions should thus be established promptly, for which proper classification and etiologic workup are pre-requisite. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v32i1.6009 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2008; Vol.32(1): 21-28
Match–Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes
Authors: Jolley Jeffrey C. , Willis David W. , Holland Richard S.
Published: September 2010

Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's α. In addition, we investigated potential match–mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match–mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation.
Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Subtle Differences but Comparable Severity
Authors: Akhras Nour , Weinberg Jason B. , Newton Duane
Published: September 2010

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory illness in children that can lead to hospitalization. Our study was undertaken to further understand hMPV-associated illness, compare clinical characteristics of hMPV and respira­tory syncytial virus (RSV), and establish the utility of routine screening for hMPV. We retrospectively identified hMPV-associated illnesses described among children with respiratory symptoms admitted to a tertiary care center in southeast Michigan during the 2006-2007 re­spiratory viral season. A convenience sample of 256 nasopharyngeal specimens was subjected to nucleic acid extraction and amplification to identify those specimens positive for hMPV. A medical record review was undertaken to retrieve demographic and clinical data of patients with hMPV, comparing them to RSV-positive patients and patients evaluated for respiratory symptoms who were negative for hMPV and RSV. We found that hMPV was the second most commonly identified virus after RSV. hMPV-positive patients were older than RSV-positive patients. Among hMPV-positive patients, pneumonia was diagnosed in 37.5% and bronchiolitis in 31.2%, peribronchial cuffing was present on chest radiographs of 37.5%, antibiotic treatment was used in 81.2%, and admission to the ICU was seen in 37.5%. Finally, hMPV-positive patients were more likely to have fever than RSV-positive patients or patients negative for hMPV and RSV. We concluded that hMPV is a major pathogen associated with hospitalization of children and with the same severity of illness as RSV but in a slightly older population. Because of the apparent prevalence and severity of illness, routine screening should be implemented.
The large-scale magnetospheric electric field observed by Double Star TC-1
Authors: He Z. H. , Liu Z. X. , Chen T. , Shen C. , Li X. , Carr C. , Rème H.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. The relationship between the average structure of the inner magnetospheric large-scale electric field and geomagnetic activity levels has been investigated by Double Star TC-1 data for radial distances ρ between 4.5 RE and 12.5 RE and MLT between 18:00 h and 06:00 h from July to October in 2004 and 2005. The sunward component of the electric field decreases monotonically as ρ increases and approaches zero as the distance off the Earth is greater than 10 RE. The dawn-dusk component is always duskward. It decreases at about 6 RE where the ring current is typically observed to be the strongest and shows strong asymmetry with respect to the magnetic local time. Surprisingly, the average electric field obtained from TC-1 for low activity is almost comparable to that observed during moderate activity, which is always duskward at the magnetotail (8 RE~12 RE).
Thermospheric mass density variations during geomagnetic storms and a prediction model based on the merging electric field
Authors: Liu R. , Lühr H. , Doornbos E. , Ma S.-Y.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. With the help of four years (2002–2005) of CHAMP accelerometer data we have investigated the dependence of low and mid latitude thermospheric density on the merging electric field, Em, during major magnetic storms. Altogether 30 intensive storm events (Dstmin<−100 nT) are chosen for a statistical study. In order to achieve a good correlation Em is preconditioned. Contrary to general opinion, Em has to be applied without saturation effect in order to obtain good results for magnetic storms of all activity levels. The memory effect of the thermosphere is accounted for by a weighted integration of Em over the past 3 h. In addition, a lag time of the mass density response to solar wind input of 0 to 4.5 h depending on latitude and local time is considered. A linear model using the preconditioned Em as main controlling parameter for predicting mass density changes during magnetic storms is developed: ρ=0.5 Em + ρamb, where ρamb is based on the mean density during the quiet day before the storm. We show that this simple relation predicts all storm-induced mass density variations at CHAMP altitude fairly well especially if orbital averages are considered.
Just the facts or just for fun? Children's understanding of and sensitivity to retelling contexts
Authors: Kulkofsky Sarah , Principe Gabrielle F. , Debaran Francisco B. , Stouch Allison
Published: September 2010

Adults appear to recognize that different memory sharing contexts, such as telling a story to a friend at a party versus providing eyewitness testimony, vary in their accuracy demands and adjust their retellings accordingly. There is less evidence that children are able to make the same distinctions. In the present two‐part experiment, we first tested 6–8‐year‐old children's beliefs about the accuracy requirements of different memory sharing contexts that varied on the listener's implicit expectation about accuracy. Children were then read a short story and were given retelling instructions that emphasized accuracy or entertainment. Results from the first task indicated that children evidence a significant truth bias, suggesting that they believe accurate retellings are preferred regardless of context. Despite this, children did appear to adjust their retellings as a function of context, with retellings in the high accuracy condition including more verbatim and less error statements. Finally, children who evidenced a stronger truth bias were less likely to employ the language of storytelling by producing lower‐quality narratives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis: A Turkish family with loss of eyebrows and a U2HR mutation
Authors: Mansur Ayse Tulin , Elcioglu Nursel H. , Redler Silke , Serdar Zehra A. , Cetinel Sule , Betz Regina C. , Akarsu Nurten A.
Published: September 2010

We report a family with Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH) from Turkey. MUHH is a distinct form of scalp and body hair loss characterized by the absence or scarcity of scalp hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes at birth. Coarse wiry hair begins to grow during childhood. Around puberty, progressive hair loss occurs in the affected patients. Recently, mutations were identified in U2HR, an inhibitory upstream open reading frame in the 5′‐untranslated region of the human hairless gene (HR) as the underlying cause of MUHH. We are presenting hair loss of eyebrows in a Turkish family comprising eight affected and seven unaffected individuals. The pedigree is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. Linkage and haplotype analyses confirmed linkage of this family to the MUHH locus at cytoband 8p21. By sequencing U2HR, we identified the mutation c.2T > C (M1T) in all affected family members. We concluded that there may be considerable clinical variations in MUHH, and that eyebrow loss is an important clue for accurate diagnosis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Aiqin
Published: September 2010

Iron‐catalyzed hydrosilylation is one of the most popular reduction reactions owing to the high natural abundance, low cost and low toxicity of iron and silicon. This paper introduces an advance in iron‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of olefins, aldehydes, ketones and amides. Some reactions exhibit good functional group tolerance and chemoselectivities. These protocols provide economical, sustainable and practical tools for organic chemists. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel physically crosslinked hydrogels of carboxymethyl chitosan and cellulose ethers: Structure and controlled drug release behavior
Authors: Yan Shifeng , Yin Jingbo , Tang Li , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2010

Novel hydrogels, physically crosslinked by hydrogen bonding of component polymers, were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) with cellulose ethers including hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and methylcellulose (MC). The hydrogels were characterized by IR, XPS, WAXD, and SEM. The swelling and controlled drug release behaviors of hydrogels were also studied. The results indicate that intermacromolecular hydrogen bonding in CMCS/HEC is stronger than that in CMCS/MC. The swelling and drug release rate of hydrogels decrease as the interaction of component polymers increases. Both the swelling and drug release from hydrogels can be controlled by component polymer ratio. The hydrogels may be potential candidates for biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rheological characterization of the gel point in polymer‐modified asphalts
Authors: Vargas M. A. , Manero O.
Published: September 2010

In this work, the rheological characterization of the gel point in polymer‐modified asphalts is carried out. The viscoelastic properties of polymer‐modified asphalts, in which the polymer is styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene (SEBS) with grafted maleic anhydride (MAH), were measured as a function of MAH concentration. The crosslinking reaction that leads to gelation is characterized by power‐law frequency‐dependent loss and storage modulus (G″ and G′). The relaxation exponent n (a viscoelastic parameter related to the cluster size of the gel) and gel strength S (related to the mobility on the crosslinked chain segments) were determined. The value of the power‐law exponents depends on the composition of polymer, ranging from 0.30 to 0.56, while the value of the rigidity modulus at the gelation point (S) increases with the amount of reactive groups of the modifier polymer. Both n and S are temperature‐dependent in the blends. The blends containing gels present a coarse morphology, which is related to the rheological properties of the matrix and dispersed phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Addition of α‐tocopherol on poly(lactic acid): Thermal, mechanical, and sorption properties
Authors: Gonçalves Carla M. B. , Tomé Liliana C. , Coutinho João A. P. , Marrucho Isabel M.
Published: September 2010

This work investigates the effect of the addition of a well‐known antioxidant, α‐tocopherol in poly (lactic acid) flexural and barrier properties. For that purpose, films of poly(lactic acid) enriched with 0, 2.2, and 4.4% of α‐tocopherol were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the changes in the mechanical and thermal properties. The sorption of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the prepared enriched films of poly(lactic acid) was measured at different temperatures between 283 and 313 K and pressures up to atmospheric pressure using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Although no significant changes were found in the mechanical and thermal properties, the addition of α‐tocopherol promotes an increasing in the oxygen sorption and the convex shape of the isotherms indicate a strong interaction gas‐polymer. Regarding the sorption of carbon dioxide, no pronounced effect was found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Daunomycin interaction with DNA: Microcalorimetric studies of the thermodynamics and binding mechanism
Authors: Lin Po‐Hsun , Kao Yung‐Hsi , Chang Yung , Cheng Yu‐Che , Chien Chih‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Yih
Published: September 2010

Nucleic acids are an important target for many therapeutics. Small molecules that bind to nucleic acids are important in many aspects of medicines, particularly in cancer chemotherapy. In recent years, many studies have utilized polynucleic acids with various sequences to demonstrate the binding mechanism of daunomycin, a potent anticancer drug. This study describes that isothermal titration calorimetry is a useful tool for studying the fundamental binding mechanism systemically. The results suggest that the binding free energy is more favorable when the temperature is increased. The binding entropy contributes to this effect. Furthermore, the amine group on daunomycin contributes electrostatic interaction that induces the binding process. In addition, enthalpy‐entropy compensation is also exhibited in the daunomycin‐DNA binding mechanism. This study used an easy, convenient method of performing a systemic study in a recognition system. The results from this study provide additional information about microscopic mechanisms for molecular design and molecular recognition.
Managing Performance Expectations of Industrial Symbiosis
Authors: Ashton Weslynne S.
Published: September 2010

Firms collaborate on environmental management issues for number of reasons, including cost reduction, risk sharing and managing competition. Industrial symbiosis represents a voluntary collaborative approach among firms in geographic proximity. Companies participating in industrial symbiosis have been found to improve their individual economic and environmental performance, while the regions where they are located are thought to benefit through enhanced environmental quality. However, too few studies have actually investigated whether this is always the case. This paper considers a single case on the island of Puerto Rico, where several firms in a predominantly pharmaceutical manufacturing cluster participated in symbiosis initiatives for several decades. It examines whether early stage symbiotic activities, specifically a shared utility, met technical performance and community expectations for improved environmental quality. Results suggest that collaboration does not necessarily lead to expected environmental performance goals. The paper details the circumstances that led to under‐performance of the initiative and the lessons for symbiosis projects in general. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Proteomic Analysis of the Acid‐Soluble Nacre Matrix of the BivalveUnio pictorum: Detection of Novel Carbonic Anhydrase and Putative Protease Inhibitor Proteins
Authors: Marie Benjamin , Zanella‐Cléon Isabelle , Le Roy; Nathalie , Becchi Michel , Luquet Gilles , Marin Frédéric
Published: September 2010

The matrix extracted from mollusc shell nacre is a mixture of proteins and glycoproteins that is thought to play a major role in controlling biomineral synthesis and in increasing its mechanical properties. We investigated the nacreous shell of the freshwater musselUnio pictorum, to which we applied a proteomics approach adapted to mollusc shell proteins. On one hand, the acid‐soluble nacre matrix was fractionated by SDS‐PAGE and the five main protein bands (P95, P50, P29, P16, and P12) were digested with trypsin and analyzed by nanoLC‐MS/MS followed by de novo sequencing. On the other hand, the acid‐soluble nacre matrix was analyzed in a similar manner, without any preliminary fractionation. In total, we obtained about 140 peptides, of between 9 and 21 residues, as well as several shorter peptides. Interestingly, it appears that the different protein bands share several identical peptides; this has implications for the underlying genetic machinery that synthesizes nacre proteins. Homology searches against sequences in the Swiss‐Prot protein database and the 800 000 mollusc expressed sequence tag database were performed, but surprisingly, only a few obvious homologies were established. Among the peptides that match with known sequences, some from P50 and P16/P12 proteins align with carbonic anhydrase (CA) and with the protease inhibitor, respectively. The evolutionary implications of our findings are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Further Oxidic Phases with 6L‐Perovskite Structure: Ba3CaRu1.5Ta0. 5O9 and Ba3CaRu0.5Ir1.5O9.
Authors: SCHESKE ST. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Silver‐Lanthanoid‐Oxomolybdates, AgLnMo2O8: Single Crystal Investigations of AgSmMo2O8 and AgYbMo2O8 and a Note on Microcrystalline Materials with Ln: Y, La.
Authors: RATH M. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Valence Change from Ln3+ to Ln2+ (Ln: Eu, Sm, Yb) in SrB4O7: Ln Prepared in Air and the Spectral Properties of Ln2+.
Authors: PEI Z. , SU Q. , ZHANG J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New K2NiF4‐Type Superconductors Obtained by Cl2 Treatment: Synthesis, Neutron Diffraction and X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Characterization.
Authors: BRISSON C. , TRESSAUD A. , CHEVALIER B. , ETOURNEAU J. , GOODENOUGH J. B. , TUILIER M. H. , SOUBEYROUX J. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nonstoichiometric, TlxV5S8: The Influence of Tl Content.
Authors: BENSCH W. , WOERNER E. , MUHLER M. , RUSCHEWITZ U.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Observation of Strained Siloxane Bonds on Silicon Oxide Thin Films.
Authors: CHIANG C.‐M. , ZEGARSKI B. R. , DUBOIS L. H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly para‐Selective Metallosilicate Catalysts for Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Ethanol.
Authors: KIM J.‐H. , NAMBA S. , YASHIMA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Pentasil Molecular Sieves: Characterization and Catalytic Behaviour in Syngas Conversion.
Authors: GOLDWASSER M. R. , NAVAS F. , ZURITA M. J. P. , CUBEIRO M. L. , LUJANO E. , FRANCO C. , JIMENEZ F. G. , JAIMES E. , MORONTA D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Uranium Oxide Catalysts: Characterization and Evaluation for Methanation.
Authors: BERRY F. J. , MURRAY A. , PARKYNS N. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of Phosphine from Red Phosphorus.
Authors: OSADCHENKO I. M. , TOMILOV A. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Single‐Phase Cr7C3 by Aluminothermic Reduction.
Authors: BISWAS A. , NAIR K. U. , BOSE D. K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Palladium Chromate: Crystal Structure of Pd(NH3)4(CrO4).
Authors: LALIGANT Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy of Condensed Butadiene and Cyclopentadiene: Vibrationally Resolved Excitation of the Low‐Lying Triplet States.
Authors: SWIDEREK P. , MICHAUD M. , SANCHE L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Timeresolved Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoids in Triton X‐ 100 Micellar Solution.
Authors: CONN P. F. , HALEY J. , LAMBERT C. R. , TRUSCOTT T. G. , PARKER A. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Singlet Levels Newly Identified by Fluorescence and Fluorescence‐Excitation Spectroscopy of β‐Apo‐8′‐carotenal at 160 K.
Authors: MIKI Y. , KAMEYAMA T. , KOYAMA Y. , WATANABE Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Photoassociation and Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Bridged Diaryl Compounds. Part 5. Intramolecular Triplet Excimer of 1, 1′‐Dinaphthylamine.
Authors: CAI J. , LIM E. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Planarity and Low‐Energy Vibrations of Catecholborane: A Microwave Spectroscopic Study.
Authors: CAMINATI W. , CORBELLI G. , FAVERO L. B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Methyl‐, (Substituted) Aminomethyl‐, Hydroxy and Alkoxy 2H‐1‐benzo(b)pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: NAGESAM M. , RAJU M. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.