bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monetary Equivalent Value (MEV) of a Published Article in Psychology
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G.
Published: June 2019

Publishing one’s research in peer-reviewed journals is generally acknowledged to be a valuable enterprise. This is particularly the case for academic and research psychologists who rely on publications for career status, stability, and advancement. Psychological researchers can devote extensive amounts of time to planning, conducting, writing up, and getting their research published in respected psychology journals, yet their work efforts in this regard have heretofore never been quantified monetarily. This article introduces the concept of a monetary equivalent value (MEV) of a published article in psychology. An initial basic linear equation is introduced that sets the dollar (or Euro) value of an article based on the median number of hours involved in publishing an article, the mean hourly wage of psychologists, and the 5-year Impact Factor (IF) of the journal in which the article is published. MEVs were calculated for the full range of journals published by the American Psychological Association (APA) that have IF ratings. MEV values varied widely, from a low of $4,562 for an article published in the journal "Dreaming", to a high of $131,613 for an article appearing in "Psychological Bulletin". This article represents the first to explore the MEV as an additional metric to understand the impact of published articles, and as such this exploratory study has numerous limitations. Chief among these is the study’s reliance on the controversial Journal Citation Reports (JCR) journal impact factor metric, as well as its extrapolation from a limited medical literature on the average number of hours involved in publishing a study.
Assessing the structure of the Five Factor Model of Personality (IPIP-NEO-120) in the public domain
Authors: Kajonius Petri J. , Johnson John A.
Published: June 2019

Assessment of individual differences in personality traits is arguably one of the hallmarks of psychological research. Testing the structural validity of trait measurements is paramount in this endeavor. In the current study, we investigated 30 facet traits in one of the accessible and comprehensive public-domain Five Factor Model (FFM) personality inventories, IPIP-NEO-120 (Johnson, 2014), using one of the largest US samples to date (N = 320,128). We present structural loadings for all trait facets organized into respective FFM-trait domain (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Both hierarchical second-order and bi-factor models showed tolerable model fit indices, using confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Some facet traits were substantially more representative than others for their respective trait domain, which facilitate further discussions on FFM-construct content. We conclude that IPIP-NEO is sufficiently structurally robust for future use, for the benefit of research and practice in personality assessment.
Religiøs bestemmelse
Authors: Holm Bo Kristian
Published: June 2019

Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift bringer i dette nummer tre artikler, som alle på forskellig måde beskæftiger sig med rette religiøse bestemmelser. I første artikel behandler Mogens Müller Justin som den første kendte bibelteolog. Müllers store arbejde med Septuaginta danner baggrunden for at vise Justins rolle som hovedfigur i 2. århundredes kristendom. Her bidrog Justin, der både var overbevist om Skriftens ufejlbarlighed og mente, at Skriften kun kan fortolkes af den, der har Ånden, i høj grad til at sikre Septuagintas status som kirkens bibel. I en tid, hvor andre, som fx Markion, alene lagde vægt på Jesus- overleveringen, var Justin med til at fastholde kristendommens forbindelse til jødedømmen. Men han gjorde det uafhængigt af den jødiske tradition, hvilket netop den græske oversættelse gjorde muligt. Gennem læsningen af Apologierne og Dialogen giver Müller eksempler på Justins bibelbrug og viser blandt andet, hvordan Justin som den første bemærker forskellen mellem den hebraiske og den græske tekst. I den næste artikel viser Jacob P.B. Mortensen, hvordan Fil 3,2-11 kan læses i lyset af det “radikalt” nye Paulusperspektiv, også kendt som “Paul Within Judaism”. Hvis Paulus ikke bryder med jødedommen, men tværtimod skal forstås inden for den, så kan Fil 3,2’s tale om “hundene” ikke være vendt mod jøderne. En “radikalt” ny Pauluslæsning må derfor lede efter andre tolkningsmuligheder. En kritisk efterprøvning af gængse fortolkninger, ifølge hvilke Paulus vender et hedninge-skældsord mod jøderne, viser, at de ikke kan bekræfte brugen af “hunde” som skældsord om hedninger i hverken Det Gamle Testamente, pseudepigrafer eller Dødehavsrullerne, og heller ikke hos hverken Filon eller Josefus. Brugen af “hundene” forstår man derfor bedst møntet på lokale problematiske grupper af hedninge i Filippi. En sådan tolkning understøtter det “radikalt” nye Paulusperspektivs bestemmelse af Paulus: at han aldrig opgav sin jødiske eksistens.I den sidste artikel giver Rasmus H.C. Dreyer en historisk og indholdsmæssig indføring i den alternative og ofte oversete Confessio Tetrapolitana fra Augsburg 1530. Bekendelsen er forfattet af Martin Bucer og Wolfgang Capito og er udtryk for et forsøg på at bestemme en humanistisk præget mellemposition mellem Zwingli og Luther, karakteriseret ved biblicisme, et vagt nadversyn, samt en betoning af den kristnes nye liv og konsekenserne for det kristne societas. I artiklen sammenlignes Confessio Tetrapolitano med både Confessio Augustana og Zwinglis Fidei Ratio. Som afslutning gennemgår Dreyer de forskellige forbindelser, der var mellem Bucer og Danmark, af både personlig og teologisk karakter.
«J’ai créé un monstre que je ne contrôle plus»
Authors: Asselin Soline
Published: June 2019

En 2009, Karl Ove Knausgård publie La mort d’un père, premier tome de la série Min kamp (Mon combat en français). Quelques semaines après sa parution, quatorze membres de la famille de l’auteur le menacent d’une poursuite judiciaire pour diffamation et atteinte à la vie privée. Cet article cerne les paradoxes et les tensions du projet autobiographique de Min kamp, pour ensuite observer la reprise et l’amplification de ces enjeux éthiques par les médias.
ЕЛЕМЕНТИ СИТУАЦИОНОГ ПЛАНА И ПОДУЖНОГ ПРОФИЛА КОД ТУРБО КРУЖНИХ РАСКРСНИЦА
Authors: Милић-Марковић Љиљана , Туторић Гордана
Published: June 2019

Турбо кружне раскрснице су релативно нова врста кружних раскрсница, осмишњених у циљу повећања капацитета и безбједности једнотрачних и двотрачних класичних кружних раскрсница. Турбо кружне раскрснице чине елементи карактеристични за класичне кружне раскрснице и нови елементи, који се јављају искључиво код ове врсте раскрсница. У раду је приказан основни концепт турбо кружне раскрснице са акцентом на елементе ситуационог плана и подужног профила.
Conformational dynamics between transmembrane domains and allosteric modulation of a metabotropic glutamate receptor
Authors: Gutzeit Vanessa A , Thibado Jordana , Stor Daniel Starer , Zhou Zhou , Blanchard Scott C , Andersen Olaf S , Levitz Joshua
Published: June 2019

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are class C, synaptic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that contain large extracellular ligand binding domains (LBDs) and form constitutive dimers. Despite the existence of a detailed picture of inter-LBD conformational dynamics and structural snapshots of both isolated domains and full-length receptors, it remains unclear how mGluR activation proceeds at the level of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and how TMD-targeting allosteric drugs exert their effects. Here, we use time-resolved functional and conformational assays to dissect the mechanisms by which allosteric drugs activate and modulate mGluR2. Single-molecule subunit counting and inter-TMD fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements in living cells reveal LBD-independent conformational rearrangements between TMD dimers during receptor modulation. Using these assays along with functional readouts, we uncover heterogeneity in the magnitude, direction, and the timing of the action of both positive and negative allosteric drugs. Together our experiments lead to a three-state model of TMD activation, which provides a framework for understanding how inter-subunit rearrangements drive class C GPCR activation.
The interplay at the replisome mitigates the impact of oxidative damage on the genetic integrity of hyperthermophilic Archaea
Authors: Killelea Tom , Palud Adeline , Akcha Farida , Lemor Mélanie , L'haridon Stephane , Godfroy Anne , Henneke Ghislaine
Published: June 2019

8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major oxidised base modification, has been investigated to study its impact on DNA replication in hyperthermophilic Archaea. Here we show that 8-oxodG is formed in the genome of growing cells, with elevated levels following exposure to oxidative stress. Functional characterisation of cell-free extracts and the DNA polymerisation enzymes, PolB, PolD, and the p41/p46 complex, alone or in the presence of accessory factors (PCNA and RPA) indicates that translesion synthesis occurs under replicative conditions. One of the major polymerisation effects was stalling, but each of the individual proteins could insert and extend past 8-oxodG with differing efficiencies. The introduction of RPA and PCNA influenced PolB and PolD in similar ways, yet provided a cumulative enhancement to the polymerisation performance of p41/p46. Overall, 8-oxodG translesion synthesis was seen to be potentially mutagenic leading to errors that are reminiscent of dA:8-oxodG base pairing.
Reconstruction of Par-dependent polarity in apolar cells reveals a dynamic process of cortical polarization
Authors: Kono Kalyn , Yoshiura Shigeki , Fujita Ikumi , Okada Yasushi , Shitamukai Atsunori , Shibata Tatsuo , Matsuzaki Fumio
Published: June 2019

Cellular polarization is fundamental for various biological processes. The Par network system is conserved for cellular polarization. Its core complex consists of Par3, Par6, and aPKC. However, the general dynamic processes that occur during polarization are not well understood. Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. The results indicated that elevated Par3 expression induces cortical localization of the Par-complex at the interphase. Its asymmetric distribution goes through three steps: emergence of cortical dots, development of island-like structures with dynamic amorphous shapes, repeating fusion and fission, and polarized clustering of the islands. Our findings also showed that these islands contain a meshwork of unit-like segments. Furthermore, Par-complex patches resembling Par-islands exist in Drosophila mitotic neuroblasts. Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity.
Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin-1 mediates exocytosis in mammalian photoreceptors
Authors: Grassmeyer Justin J , Cahill Asia L , Hays Cassandra L , Barta Cody , Quadros Rolen M , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B , Thoreson Wallace B
Published: June 2019

To encode light-dependent changes in membrane potential, rod and cone photoreceptors utilize synaptic ribbons to sustain continuous exocytosis while making rapid, fine adjustments to release rate. Release kinetics are shaped by vesicle delivery down ribbons and by properties of exocytotic Ca2+ sensors. We tested the role for synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) in photoreceptor exocytosis by using novel mouse lines in which Syt1 was conditionally removed from rods or cones. Photoreceptors lacking Syt1 exhibited marked reductions in exocytosis as measured by electroretinography and single-cell recordings. Syt1 mediated all evoked release in cones, whereas rods appeared capable of some slow Syt1-independent release. Spontaneous release frequency was unchanged in cones but increased in rods lacking Syt1. Loss of Syt1 did not alter synaptic anatomy or reduce Ca2+ currents. These results suggest that Syt1 mediates both phasic and tonic release at photoreceptor synapses, revealing unexpected flexibility in the ability of Syt1 to regulate Ca2+-dependent synaptic transmission.
Genome plasticity in Candida albicans is driven by long repeat sequences
Authors: Todd Robert T , Wikoff Tyler D , Forche Anja , Selmecki Anna
Published: June 2019

Genome rearrangements resulting in copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are frequently observed during the somatic evolution of cancer and promote rapid adaptation of fungi to novel environments. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, CNV and LOH confer increased virulence and antifungal drug resistance, yet the mechanisms driving these rearrangements are not completely understood. Here, we unveil an extensive array of long repeat sequences (65–6499 bp) that are associated with CNV, LOH, and chromosomal inversions. Many of these long repeat sequences are uncharacterized and encompass one or more coding sequences that are actively transcribed. Repeats associated with genome rearrangements are predominantly inverted and separated by up to ~1.6 Mb, an extraordinary distance for homology-based DNA repair/recombination in yeast. These repeat sequences are a significant source of genome plasticity across diverse strain backgrounds including clinical, environmental, and experimentally evolved isolates, and represent previously uncharacterized variation in the reference genome.
The mechanism of error induction by the antibiotic viomycin provides insight into the fidelity mechanism of translation
Authors: Holm Mikael , Mandava Chandra Sekhar , Ehrenberg Måns , Sanyal Suparna
Published: June 2019

Applying pre-steady state kinetics to an Escherichia-coli-based reconstituted translation system, we have studied how the antibiotic viomycin affects the accuracy of genetic code reading. We find that viomycin binds to translating ribosomes associated with a ternary complex (TC) consisting of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), aminoacyl tRNA and GTP, and locks the otherwise dynamically flipping monitoring bases A1492 and A1493 into their active conformation. This effectively prevents dissociation of near- and non-cognate TCs from the ribosome, thereby enhancing errors in initial selection. Moreover, viomycin shuts down proofreading-based error correction. Our results imply a mechanism in which the accuracy of initial selection is achieved by larger backward rate constants toward TC dissociation rather than by a smaller rate constant for GTP hydrolysis for near- and non-cognate TCs. Additionally, our results demonstrate that translocation inhibition, rather than error induction, is the major cause of cell growth inhibition by viomycin.
Ute er de, men hva gjør barn under tre år ute i barnehagen?
Authors: Kaarby Karen Marie Eid , Tandberg Cato
Published: June 2019

Denne studien bruker analyse av videobservasjoner for å supplere ITERS-R (Infant / Toddler Environment Rating Scale –Revised) resultater fra 206 barnegrupper i Norge. Vi analyserer 53 videoobservasjoner av ett- til treåringer i utelek. Analysen drøftes mot resultater fra ITERS-R på temaene: bevegelseslek, naturfag og sand- og vannlek. Funnene fra ITERS-R viser at de materielle rammene for bevegelseslek og lek og læring er gode. Videoobservasjonene viser stor variasjon i hvordan ansatte tilrettelegger for bevegelseslek og lek og læring. Ett- til toåringene gis færre utfordringer enn to- til treåringene. Det tilrettelegges mer for bevegelseslek for to- til treåringene, og det tilrettelegges noe mer for bevegelseslek enn naturfaglig lek og læring. Det faglig innholdet i interaksjonene mellom barn og ansatte er utydelig. Funnene drøftes i lys av teori knyttet til bevegelseslæring, lek og læring.Nøkkelord: barn under tre år, fagdidaktikk, ITERS-R, utelek
Korrigert og republisert/Corrected and republished  2019-12-09.
A behavioral and genetic study of multiple paternity in a polygamous marine invertebrate,Octopus oliveri
Authors: Ylitalo Heather , Oliver Thomas A. , Fernandez-Silva Iria , Wood James B. , Toonen Robert J.
Published: June 2019

Octopus oliveriis a widespread and common rocky intertidal cephalopod that mates readily in the laboratory, but for which mating behavior has not been reported previously. Four sets of behavioral experiments were recorded wherein three males, small, medium & large in varying order, were introduced to each of six females, for a total of 24 individual females and 12 individual males utilized in the experiments. Video analysis shows that successful mating occurred in each of the mount, reach and beak-to-beak positions. Mating was observed for all males, regardless of size relative to the female, or order of introduction. Females showed preference for the first male to which they were introduced in experimental pairings rather than any specific male trait, and mating time increased significantly with increasing female size. Five novel microsatellite markers were developed and used to test paternity in the eleven broods resulting from these experimental pairings. We found skewed paternity in each brood, with early male precedence and male size being the best predictors of parentage. Multiple paternity was observed in every experimental cross but was estimated to be comparatively low in the field, suggesting that sperm limitation might be common in this species. We saw no evidence of direct sperm competition inOctopus oliveri, but larger males produced significantly more offspring. This study contributes to the growing research on cephalopod mating systems and indicates that octopus mating dynamics might be more variable and complex than thought previously.
Move it or lose it: interspecific variation in risk response of pond-breeding anurans
Authors: Matich Philip , Schalk Christopher M.
Published: June 2019

Changes in behavior are often the proximate response of animals to human disturbance, with variability in tolerance levels leading some species to exhibit striking shifts in life history, fitness, and/or survival. Thus, elucidating the effects of disturbance on animal behavior, and how this varies among taxonomically similar species with inherently different behaviors and life histories is of value for management and conservation. We evaluated the risk response of three anuran species—southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi), and green tree frog (Hyla cinerea)—to determine how differences in microhabitat use (arboreal vs ground-dwelling) and body size (small vs medium) may play a role in response to a potential threat within a human-altered subtropical forest. Each species responded to risk with both flight and freeze behaviors, however, behaviors were species- and context-specific. As distance to cover increased, southern leopard frogs increased freezing behavior, green tree frogs decreased freezing behavior, and Blanchard’s cricket frogs increased flight response. The propensity of green tree frogs to use the canopy of vegetation as refugia, and the small body size of Blanchard’s cricket frogs likely led to greater flight response as distance to cover increased, whereas innate reliance on camouflage among southern leopard frogs may place them at greater risk to landscaping, agricultural, and transportation practices in open terrain. As such, arboreal and small-bodied species may inherently be better suited in human altered-landscapes compared to larger, ground-dwelling species. As land-use change continues to modify habitats, understanding how species respond to changes in their environment continues to be of importance, particularly in ecosystems where human-wildlife interactions are expected to increase in frequency.
Chronic intake of high-dose of blueberry leaf extract does not augment the harmful effects of ethanol in rats
Authors: Yamasaki Kaede , Sugamoto Kazuhiro , Arakawa Teruaki , Nishiyama Kazuo , Yamasaki Masao
Published: June 2019

Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for liver diseases. Enhancement of alcohol metabolism could be an effective strategy to prevent these adverse effects since it promotes the clearance of ethanol and acetaldehyde from the serum. Polyphenol-rich products have shown to protect against alcohol-related liver damage. Blueberry leaves have attracted attention as they are rich polyphenols such as proantocyanidins and chlorogenic acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high dose of blueberry leaf extract (BLEx) on alcohol metabolism during chronic intake of ethanol. Seven-week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: normal liquid diet group (NLD), normal liquid diet + BLEx group (NLD + BLEx), alcohol liquid diet group (ALD), and alcohol liquid diet + BLEx (ALD + BLEx). Then, rats were fed experimental diet for 5 weeks and at the end of feeding period, body weight, food intake, liver weight, indices of liver injury, expression and activity of alcohol metabolism-related and anti-oxidative enzymes, and levels of carbonyl protein, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Chol) were measured. Body weight and food intake decreased, whereas liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein and mRNA expression, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA expression were upregulated by ethanol intake. Dietary BLEx, however, did not affect any of these ethanol-related changes. Indices of liver injury, expression and activity of other alcohol metabolism-related enzymes, liver carbonyl protein, TG, and T-Chol levels were not altered by ethanol and BLEx. Thus, chronic BLEx intake does not ameliorate the harmful effects of ethanol.
Digital dissection of the pelvis and hindlimb of the red-legged running frog,Phlyctimantis maculatus, using Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICEμCT)
Authors: Collings Amber J. , Richards Christopher T.
Published: June 2019

Background

The current study applies both traditional and Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICE µCT) techniques to reveal the musculoskeletal anatomy ofPhlyctimantis maculatus. DICE µCT has emerged as a powerful tool to visualise intricate musculoskeletal anatomy. By generating 3D digital models, anatomical analyses can be conducted non-destructively, preserving thein situ3D topography of the system, therefore eliminating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods. We aim to describe the musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, compare the musculoskeletal anatomy and pelvic morphology ofP. maculatuswith functionally diverse frogs, and produce 3D digital anatomy reference data.

Method

An adult frog was stained using an aqueous Lugol’s solution and scanned in a SkyScan1176in vivoµCT scanner. Scan images were reconstructed, resampled, and digitally segmented to produce a 3D model. A further adult female frog was dissected traditionally for visualisation of tendinous insertions.

Results

Our work revealed three main findings: (1)P. maculatushas similar gross muscular anatomy toRana catesbeiana(bullfrog) but is distinct from those species that exhibit ancestral traits (leopelmids) and those that are highly specialised (pipids), (2)P. maculatus’s pelvic anatomy best fits the description of Emerson’s walking/hopping pelvic morphotype IIA, and (3) a split in the semimembranosus and gracilis major muscles is consistent with the reported myology in other anuran species.

Discussion

While DICE µCT methods were instrumental in characterising the 3D anatomy, traditional dissection was still required to visualise important structures such as the knee aponeurosis, tendinous insertions, and fasciae. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here marks the first detailed digital description of an arboreal and terrestrial frog. Further, our digital model presentsP. maculatusas a good frog model system and as such has formed a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb.
The complete chloroplast genome of Fagus crenata (subgenus Fagus) and comparison with F. engleriana (subgenus Engleriana)
Authors: Worth James R. P. , Liu Luxian , Wei Fu-Jin , Tomaru Nobuhiro
Published: June 2019

This study reports the whole chloroplast genome of Fagus crenata (subgenus Fagus), a foundation tree species of Japanese temperate forests. The genome has a total of 158,227 bp containing 111 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Comparison with the only other published Fagus chloroplast genome, F. engeleriana (subgenus Engleriana) shows that the genomes are relatively conserved with no inversions or rearrangements observed while the proportion of nucleotide sites differing between the two species was equal to 0.0018. The six most variable regions were, in increasing order of variability, psbK-psbI, trnG-psbfM, rpl32, trnV, ndhI-ndh and ndhD-psaC. These highly variable chloroplast regions in addition to 160 chloroplast microsatellites identified (of which 46 were variable between the two species) will provide useful genetic resources for studies of the inter- and intra-specific genetic structure and diversity of this important northern hemisphere tree genus.
Prediction of bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors using reduced amino acid peptide fingerprinting
Authors: McDermott Jason E. , Cort John R. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Pruneda Jonathan N. , Overall Christopher , Adkins Joshua N.
Published: June 2019

Background

Although pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria lack their own ubiquitination machinery, they have evolved or acquired virulence effectors that can manipulate the host ubiquitination process through structural and/or functional mimicry of host machinery. Many such effectors have been identified in a wide variety of bacterial pathogens that share little sequence similarity amongst themselves or with eukaryotic ubiquitin E3 ligases.

Methods

To allow identification of novel bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors from protein sequences we have developed a machine learning approach, the SVM-based Identification and Evaluation of Virulence Effector Ubiquitin ligases (SIEVE-Ub). We extend the string kernel approach used previously to sequence classification by introducing reduced amino acid (RED) alphabet encoding for protein sequences.

Results

We found that 14mer peptides with amino acids represented as simply either hydrophobic or hydrophilic provided the best models for discrimination of E3 ligases from other effector proteins with a receiver-operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. When considering a subset of E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors that do not fall into known sequence based families we found that the AUC was 0.82, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method at identifying novel functional family members. Feature selection was used to identify a parsimonious set of 10 RED peptides that provided good discrimination, and these peptides were found to be located in functionally important regions of the proteins involved in E2 and host target protein binding. Our general approach enables construction of models based on other effector functions. We used SIEVE-Ub to predict nine potential novel E3 ligases from a large set of bacterial genomes. SIEVE-Ub is available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7766984.v1 or https://github.com/biodataganache/SIEVE-Ub for the most current version.
Reduced thermal variability in cities and its impact on honey bee thermal tolerance
Authors: Sánchez-Echeverría Karina , Castellanos Ignacio , Mendoza-Cuenca Luis , Zuria Iriana , Sánchez-Rojas Gerardo
Published: June 2019

Urbanization is one of the most significant land cover transformations, and while climate alteration is one of its most cited ecological consequences we have very limited knowledge on its effect on species’ thermal responses. We investigated whether changes in environmental thermal variability caused by urbanization influence thermal tolerance in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in a semi-arid city in central Mexico. Ambient environmental temperature and honey bee thermal tolerance were compared in urban and rural sites. Ambient temperature variability decreased with urbanization due to significantly higher nighttime temperatures in urban compared to rural sites and not from differences in maximum daily temperatures. Honey bee thermal tolerance breadth [critical thermal maxima (CTmax)—critical thermal minima (CTmin)] was narrower for urban bees as a result of differences in cold tolerance, with urban individuals having significantly higher CTminthan rural individuals, and CTmaxnot differing among urban and rural individuals. Honey bee body size was not correlated to thermal tolerance, and body size did not differ between urban and rural individuals. We found that honey bees’ cold tolerance is modified through acclimation. Our results show that differences in thermal variability along small spatial scales such as urban-rural gradients can influence species’ thermal tolerance breadths.
Garden centre customer attitudes to pollinators and pollinator-friendly planting
Authors: Wignall Veronica R. , Alton Karin , Ratnieks Francis L.W.
Published: June 2019

Growing nectar- and pollen-rich flowering plant varieties in domestic gardens and other greenspace is an important pro-environmental behaviour that supports pollinating insects. Wildlife gardening is popular in the UK; however, public attitudes and behaviour relating to planting for pollinators are currently not well understood. We investigated these through questionnaires and interviews with customers in five garden centres in Sussex, southeast England, a relevant and useful consumer group representing horticulturally-engaged members of the public. Garden centre customers had strongly positive attitudes and were motivated to plant for bees and other pollinators: most (77%) grew pollinator-friendly varieties, while 64% would be more likely to buy a plant with a pollinator-friendly logo. Personal motivation to support pollinators was linked to a recent increase in personal and public awareness of their declines through (often negativistic) information from mass media sources. Practical implications of these findings in relation to the horticultural retail industry are discussed.
GERENCIAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE EM CONSULTÓRIOS ODONTOLÓGICOS DE TRÊS PASSOS/RS
Authors: Longhi Micaeli Berwaldt Saul , Bisognin Ramiro Pereira , Souza Eduardo Lorensi de , Silva Danni Maisa da , Bohrer Robson Evaldo G.
Published: June 2019

Os geradores de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) devem possuir o Plano de Gerenciamento de RSS (PGRSS) que tem como intuito planejar as formas de gerenciamento, acondicionamento e disposição dos resíduos gerados nos estabelecimentos de saúde. Diante de tal relevância, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o gerenciamento dos resíduos de saúde em diferentes consultórios odontológicos do município de Três Passos/RS. A metodologia adotada foi de cunho quali-quantitativa, aplicando-se um questionário a 28 dos 46 consultórios odontológicos particulares, com o intuito de caracterizar os tipos de resíduos de saúde gerados, quantificar seu volume e identificar as formas de disposição final. Verificou-se que os principais resíduos gerados nos consultórios são pertencentes ao Grupo A, resíduos biológicos. Somente 10 consultórios forneceram informações sobre número de pacientes e volume de resíduos gerados. Foi identificado também que os profissionais possuem pouco entendimento sobre as formas de disposição final que a empresa responsável pela coleta dá aos RSS. Dos consultórios estudados, sete não possuíam PGRSS. Desta forma, fica evidente a atenção que é necessária se dar ao gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde, para que as legislações vigentes sejam atendidas.
Usos da terra e dinâmicas territoriais na Faixa de Fronteira da Amazônia Legal: uma análise comparativa
Authors: Coelho Andréa dos Santos , Dos Santos Lais Freitas Moreira , Barros Márcia Nazaré Rodrigues , Gomes Alessandra Rodrigues , Adami Marcos , Marcuartú Bianca Chaves , Santos Lucyana Barros , Damasceno José Roberto Pereira
Published: June 2019

A Faixa de Fronteira da Amazônia Legal é uma região complexa e com grande contraste social, ambiental e econômico. Cáceres (MT) e Oriximiná (PA) ilustram essa realidade: tem origens similares, ligadas à dinâmica dos rios, mas percorreram trajetórias inteiramente diferentes após a intervenção do governo federal na Amazônia, a partir de 1960. Atualmente, Cáceres possui economia com base no comércio, serviços, turismo e, principalmente, na agropecuária extensiva, que corresponde a 82,8% da área desmatada no município. Oriximiná tem na exploração de bauxita a sua base econômica, apresentando 94% de seu território ocupado por floresta nativa; em 2014, a pecuária ocupava 34% da área desmatada no município. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como o uso da terra influencia as dinâmicas territoriais desses municípios, e como estes se relacionam com suas fronteiras. Para a realização deste trabalho foram empregados dados de uso e cobertura da terra, referentes aos anos de 2004 e 2014, oriundos do mapeamento realizado pelo Projeto TerraClass (2016), além de informações provenientes de levantamento bibliográfico.
Protecting Neural Data Privacy—First, Do No Harm
Authors: Pauzauskie Sean , Genser Jared , Yuste Rafael
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses protecting neural data privacy.
Description and potential sources of a shell deformity in North American freshwater mussels (Unionoida)
Authors: Hazelton Peter D. , Landis Andrew Gascho , McElwain Andrew , Olivencia Kyle , Carmignani Jason
Published: December 2024

Objective

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionoida are among the most imperiled taxa in North America, and many species are undergoing enigmatic decline without fully understood causation. Disease pathology and parasitology have been identified as areas with significant knowledge gaps in relation to these declines. We investigated a shell deformity of unknown cause that is widespread in northeastern North America by adding to the clinical description from a mussel assemblage in Massachusetts with a deformity prevalence exceeding 50%. We build upon previous qualitative descriptions of this deformity with investigations of shell morphology and mussel age.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative survey of the mussel community to evaluate the prevalence of deformity. Mussels were classified as deformed based on the presence of a distinct truncation of the posterior margin of the shell. For the eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata, we evaluated the shell height, shell length, and height : length ratio of animals classified as deformed versus normal and we conducted a comparison to a reference population. We also incorporated shell thin sectioning and aging to qualitatively describe the deformity in cross section and to compare age distributions between deformed and normal eastern elliptio.

Result

We observed the presence of this deformity in four species, including the eastern elliptio, eastern lampmussel Lampsilis radiata, eastern pearlshell Margaritifera margaritifera, and creeper Strophitus undulatus. In cross section, the deformity appeared to be caused by repeated disturbance in growth in the posterior portion of the shell. Deformed eastern elliptio had markedly shorter shells for a given shell height when compared to normal and reference mussels, and they tended to be older at shorter shell lengths than normal mussels from the same site.

Conclusion

The cause of the shell deformity in the United States remains unknown, although it appears similar in description to the deformity caused by a commensal midge, Xenochironomus canterburyensis, which infects a distantly related freshwater mussel in New Zealand. We highlight potential causes and the need for further investigation.
Five‐year evaluation of linear accelerator‐based SRS platform isocentricity
Authors: Walter Yohan A. , Hubbard Anne N. , Durham Phillip F. , Wu Hsinshun T.
Published: December 2024

Linear accelerator (LINAC)‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a mainstay in the management of intracranial tumors. However, the high fractional doses and sharp gradients used in SRS place heavy demands on geometric accuracy. Image guidance systems such as ExacTrac (ETX, Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany) have been developed to facilitate position verification at nonzero table angles. Though convenient, potential loss of mechanical rigidity between the imaging and treatment systems can be cause for concern, as the ETX system is not mounted to the rotating gantry. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 518 Winston‐Lutz (WL) tests performed in the last 5 years with ETX alignment on our Elekta Versa HD (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) linear accelerator to determine the achievable limits of precision and stability over time for our LINAC‐based SRS platform. Results demonstrated remarkable stability over time. 3D and directional misalignments never exceeded 1.0 mm over the study period; however, table rotation was shown to be the most significant source of positional uncertainty. Gantry sag, as measured by gun‐to‐target misalignments at the gantry‐0 and gantry‐180‐degree positions, was consistent, measuring 1.23 ± 0.18 mm over the study period. Measured accuracy was well within acceptable tolerances for cranial SRS treatment delivery. Notably, the use of the ETX system for intrafraction repositioning effectively eliminates couch walkout, the most significant source of uncertainty identified in this study. Our results thus corroborate safe SRS treatment delivery on our Versa HD with ExacTrac image guidance.
Enhanced Cancer Cell Specificity Through Combined Blue Light Therapy and Starvation Strategies
Authors: Gao Quan , Xu Youwei , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Xing Qi , Geng Jin
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effectiveness of combining short‐term starvation (STS or fasting) is investigated with blue light illumination therapy in delaying the progression of various types of cancer, including osteosarcoma, cervical, breast, liver carcinoma, and melanoma cancer in animal models. Moreover, the comparative analysis between cancerous (including HeLa, 143B, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2) and normal cell lines (including NCM460, HEKa, and L‐O2), highlights the selectivity of the treatment's cytotoxic effects, favoring cancer cells while largely sparing normal cells. In HeLa cancer cells, treatment with the STS and blue light illumination combination resulted in increased phosphorylation of JNK and p38, which led to the activation of downstream signalling substrates, such as p53 and H2AX. This activation induced mitochondrial and nuclear damage, ultimately leading to tumor cell death. The combination treatment also caused metabolic disorders in tumor cells, which interfered with biomolecule availability and selectively induced lethal effects in tumor cells. Therefore, the combination treatment can be an effective strategy for eliminating cancer.
Manipulation of the Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Nanoclusters by Ni‐N4 Sites Enhances the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Qingtong , Lao Mengmeng , Yu Yuanyuan , Ma Xinzhi , Li Moyan , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J. , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong
Published: December 2024

Designing electrocatalysts that are both highly efficient and durable is crucial for the industrial implementation of alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies. A limitation of the current Ru‐based catalysts is that the water dissociation energy barrier tends to be too high. Here, the electronic structure of ruthenium nanoclusters (Ru NCs) is modulated by single atom Ni‐N4 sites leading to leading to lowering of the water dissociation barrier. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectrum confirms that Ru NCs are stably anchored on the carbon support through the formation of Ru‐N bonds, significantly enhancing catalytic stability. The resulting Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 15.0 mV at 10 mA cm−2 together with robust durability. An anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 can be stably operated under 500 mA cm−2 for over 1370 h, surpassing the parameters required for industrialization. Theoretical calculation indicates the single atom Ni‐N4 sites in Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 optimize the electron distribution of Ru NCs, thereby reducing the Gibbs free energy of intermediates species in water dissociation process.
A New Polyvinyl Alcohol Lithium Chloride Hydrogel Electrolyte: High Ionic Conductivity and Wide Working Temperature Range
Authors: Tang Cheng , Yao Yinzhuo , Li Manni , Wang Yaling , Zhang Yan , Zhu Jian , Wang Ling , Li Lei
Published: December 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol/lithium chloride hydrogel (PVA/LiCl) is one of the most used electrolyte in supercapacitors. Increasing the ionic conductivity and operating temperature range of PVA/LiCl would greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and enhance the devices’ environmental adaptability. This is of great significance yet rarely concerned about in energy communities. In this work, SiO2 functionalized PVA/LiCl (PVA‐SiO2/LiCl) is experimentally realized with high ionic conductivity and wide operating temperature range. The spectroscopic and theoretical experiments prove that SiO2 significantly regulates cation solvation structure to promote cation‐anion pair dissociation and diminish coagulation of PVA chains, increasing ionic conductivity from 19.01 mS cm−1 of PVA/LiCl to 56.17 mS cm−1 of the new electrolyte. SiO2 can also prevent cation‐anion association as temperature decreases, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 and the stretched PVA chains tune hydrogen bonds among dipolar water molecules. They effectively expand the operating temperature range of PVA‐SiO2/LiCl. PVA‐SiO2/LiCl greatly boosts the electrochemical performance of MnO2‐based supercapacitor. The design concept developed here opens up a way toward high‐performance hydrogel electrolyte development.
Phosphorous Incorporated PtNi Networks with Synergistic Directional Electron Transfer for Efficient and Durable Seawater Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Xuan , Ying Jie , Chen Jiang‐Bo , Yang Xiong , Tian Ge , Li Jia‐Hao , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: December 2024

The abundant chloride ions in seawater, which poison and corrode electrode materials, are the main reason for the low performance of Pt‐based catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater. Coupling Pt with oxophilic transition metals can enhance the activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts, but their long‐term stability is still unsatisfactory. Herein, a small number of phosphorous atoms (from 1.2 to 5.9 at%) are precisely incorporated into PtNi networks (P‐PtNi networks) via a facile aqueous reduction strategy at room temperature. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations prove that P incorporation leads to a synergistic directional electron transfer from P and Ni to Pt, resulting in improved water dissociation kinetics, enhanced Cl– resistance and facilitated hydrogen adsorption. Consequently, P‐PtNi networks exhibit outstanding HER activities with a lower overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an 8.5‐fold higher mass activity at –0.07 V compared to commercial Pt/C and only slightly lowered potential after 120 h of testing in alkaline simulated seawater. Furthermore, P‐PtNi networks show an ultrahigh solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 15.2% for solar cell‐driven hydrogen production from seawater. This work sheds new lights on the design of high‐performance Pt‐based nanomaterials toward practical applications of seawater hydrogen production.
One‐Step Van der Waals Integration of Multi‐Threshold 2D Functional Circuits
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Liu Guanyu , Gou Saifei , Hong Weida , Jiang Haitao , Xue Zhongying , Zhang Miao , Bao Wenzhong , Tian Ziao , Di Zengfeng
Published: December 2024

Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as atomically thin semiconductors, have shown immense promise for next‐generation electronics due to their high mobility and potential for creating van der Waals heterostructures. However, precise control of the threshold voltage (Vth) in field‐effect transistors (FETs) remains a significant challenge, impeding the development of 2D material circuits with tailored electronic functions. Herein, a graphene‐assisted one‐step van der Waals integration technique is presented for fabricating multi‐threshold 2D functional circuits. Graphene's unique property of having a surface without dangling bonds is utilized as an intermediary layer, allowing for the transfer of electrodes with various work functions and high‐κ dielectric layers onto 2D channel materials in a single step. This technique has successfully produced Al‐gated MoS2 FETs with a Vth of −0.2 V and Au‐gated MoS2 FETs with a Vth of 1.9 V. This precision enables the development of functional devices such as rail‐to‐rail inverters with large noise margins. Furthermore, more complex multi‐threshold 2D circuits are achieved, including basic logic gates (NOT, NAND, NOR), six‐transistor static random‐access memory (6T‐SRAM), and ring oscillators (RO). This work showcases a scalable and effective strategy for threshold voltage engineering in 2D material‐based circuits, paving the way for sophisticated electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Targeted Electron‐Hole Separation to Decoupled Redox‐Active Sites Over a PEA2PbBr4/CeO2 P‐N Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Chen Ying , Ke Sunzai , Yang Xuhui , Shen Lijuan , Yang Min‐Quan
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of C(sp3)─H bonds into valuable carbonyl compounds offers a promising approach to advance green organic synthesis and contribute to a more sustainable chemical industry. However, significant challenges remain due to the low efficiency of photocatalysts, primarily caused by insufficient charge separation and the limited ability of intermixed surface redox‐active sites to precisely capture photoinduced charge carriers. Here, a PEA2PbBr4/CeO2 (PPB/CeO2) p‐n heterojunction is designed and fabricated. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that a strong internal electric field (IEF) is formed at the interface within the p‐n heterojunction, which drives targeted accumulation of holes on PPB and electrons on CeO2. Importantly, CeO2 displays superior oxygen affinity facilitating O2 reduction, while PPB validates stronger adsorption and activation capability to toluene molecule promoting C─H bond dissociation. In this context, the photoinduced electrons and holes are directionally separated and transported to the decoupled reduction and oxidation sites in the PPB/CeO2, thereby significantly accelerating the aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)─H bonds. Toward photocatalytic oxidation of model substrate toluene, the optimized PPB/CeO2‐5% composite exhibits a toluene conversion rate of 10 050 µmol g−1 h−1, which is nine times enhanced in comparison with blank PPB (1160 µmol g−1 h−1).