bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sandbox Testing for Structural Assessment of Plastic Manholes
Authors:   Selle Consult GmbH Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, Selle Ricky
Published: February 2024

Structural behavior of flexible plastic manholes is very different from rigid concrete products. Although this is state-of-the-art knowledge, no international or EN standard exists on structural design of these products. Therefore, traditional soil models and soil pressure coefficients are usually applied if calculations for design checks are required. These models are based on rigid wall structures and pipe design methods and do not adequately account for the flexibility and soil interaction of the manholes in the subsurface 3D-space. Recently a working group was established in Germany to develop a design standard for concrete and plastic manholes. In order to calibrate the design equations for the flexible manholes on experimental data and field experience, an extensive in-situ testing of a PP manhole (DN 1000) in a sandbox was conducted. The comparison of deflection readings and calculation result reveals a great difference. Evidently, the assumption of horizontal soil pressure on plastic manholes is wrong. Only soil pressure coefficients of less than 0.1 give realistic results. This is significantly less than the coefficient for active soil pressure, which is widely used today. Short Summary: The paper presents results from sandbox testing of plastic manholes. It focuses on horizontal deflections resulting from wheel loads at the surface. Explanation is given on why most part of vertical point loads adjacent to flexible manholes is not acting on these products. Theoretical background for this specific behaviour is the load distribution of vertical soil pressure in the subsurface 3D-space. Based on these findings, a range for realistic soil pressure coefficients for actions on plastic manholes is presented
Analisis Semiotika John Fiske terhadap Representasi Kedekatan Emosional Orang Tua dan Anak dalam Film “Pulang”
Authors: Rizky Rio , Kusnarto
Published: February 2024

Emotional closeness is fundamental in a harmonious family which is often implemented with interaction between parents and children, but interaction is not always the main thing but behavior, habits, touch or physical contact also greatly affect emotional closeness. This study aims to explore the form of emotional closeness that is formed between parents and children in the film ‘Pulang’, the theme of the film is family conflict which focuses on Pras (Ringgo Agus) and Rindu (Ziva Magnolya) during their trip to Jogjakarta. By using John Fiske's semiotic analysis with its three levels, the research results can be presented in the form of a representation of emotional closeness at the level of reality which is confirmed through dynamic interactions, freedom of expression and gestures as a form of care and affection. The level representation highlighted in the camera technique (shots) has shown signs at the level of reality as evidenced by the interactions between the characters. The ideological level found is Liberalism which is applied in parenting, education and early child development by parents in influencing emotional closeness. Then the form of emotional closeness that is formed is a secure attachment pattern that constructs a high emotional reality closeness to the characters Pras and Rindu.
Pengaruh Perkembangan Ragam Bahasa terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak di Era 4.0
Authors: Panggabean Alimatusakdia , Budiman Budiman , Rahma Alya
Published: February 2024

Several language variations have drawn support and criticism over time. Concerns about the effects on children, especially those related to cognitive and linguistic characteristics, have emerged with the proliferation of children's educational institutions using the Language Variety program. Those opposing these claims say that children will experience speech delay, but some research has produced contradictory findings. The purpose of this literature review is to explore how children participating in the Language Variety program in their school and everyday environment develop cognitively.
Uso de analgésicos para el alivio del dolor de cabeza: el rol mediador del estrés.
Authors: Moretti Luciana Sofía
Published: February 2024

Introducción. El uso de analgésicos para aliviar las cefaleas es una práctica ampliamente extendida; sin embargo, se ha encontrado que en las personas que experimentan estrés el fenómeno de la analgesia es algo controvertido. A partir de ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es conocer si el estrés modula la percepción de la analgesia percibida por la ingesta de analgésicos en personas con cefaleas.Materiales y métodos. Mediante un diseño ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único se evaluaron 283 personas de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) que en los últimos seis meses habían sufrido de cefaleas.Resultados. Los resultados hallados revelaron que la sobrecarga (r= -0,16; p< 0.05), el factor indefensión (r= -0,21; p< 0,05), y la dimensión tensión y agotamiento (r= -0,25; p< 0,05) correlacionaron negativa y significativamente con el alivio percibido del dolor por la ingesta de analgésicos.Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que el estrés posee un rol mediador en el alivio percibido del dolor por la ingesta de analgésicos.
Book Review of Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems:A Computation Approach
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,School of Land Science and Technology, CAO Congjie
Published: February 2024

Water and air are important elements of the interactions that make up the environmental continuum, and these factors are critical to our lifestyles, economic well-being, and the health and integrity of ecosystems. With the development of advanced computational modelling, numerical techniques and fast computers, some complex environmental management problems can be solved by computational modelling. Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems: A Computation Approach is an English-language monograph in the field of modeling and simulation of environmental systems (published by CRC Press) , which is divided into four chapters, Water Resources, Air Pollution, Internet of Things and Environmental Systems, and Future Algorithms in Environmental Systems. Future Algorithms in Environmental Systems, presents four chapters on modeling and simulation of environmental systems and related case studies, covering computational methods used to solve air and water pollution problems, a general approach to spatio-temporal analytical modeling, the use of formulas, algorithms, and techniques to build mathematical modeling, and a pathway to the implementation of formulas for complex modeling problems. This paper briefly introduces the authors of the work, systematically sorts out the chapter structure of the book, and analyzes the application of some of the environmental models as well as the opportunities and challenges of using them. The work demonstrates how models, metrics, and ecological processes can be directly applied to environmental subdisciplines and can provide guidance and reference for environmental practitioners and research engineers.
KAJIAN SISTEMATIS KEBIJAKAN SKEMA PEMBIAYAAN KERJA SAMA PEMERINTAH DENGAN BADAN USAHA (KPBU) PADA SEKTOR PERUMAHAN GUNA MENGATASI BACKLOG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Baidarus Muhammad , Febriano Dicky , Mubarok Danang Andrian , Ramadhani Muhammad Agra
Published: February 2024

The need for housing supply in Indonesia is prodigious. The 2020-2024 RPJMN projects housing funding needs to reach IDR 397.9 trillion or 6.17 percent of all infrastructure financing needs of IDR 6,445 trillion, while the government can only provide IDR fund 127.2 trillion. Fiscal constraints require the government to seek alternative sources of funding so as not to burden the state's finances. On the other hand, the housing backlog in Indonesia is increasing along with the increase in population. Calculation results using BPS data show that until 2021 the backlog figure inhabiting 7.3 million housing units, while the backlog figure has reached 13.5 million housing units. Through the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme, the private sector can be involved in fulfilling the housing supply in Indonesia. To attract the private sector, the government provides support in the form of availability payment facilities considering that the target users are low-income communities (MBR).
Multilingualism
Authors: Edwards John
Published: February 2024

How do languages live and die? what role does translation play in helping languages to thrive? are polyglots viewed with suspicion, given the links between language and identity? is the maintenance and revival of flagging languages worth the effort? can a language remain ‘pure’? if language patterns constantly alter, what does this say about identity? Multilingualism is everywhere in a globalized society. This book looks at the origins and development of languages, at language contact and competition, and at the emergence and the consequences of multilingualism. Edwards also examines lingua francas, pidgins, creoles and artificial languages as a part of a broader snapshot of the social life of language. This compelling short introduction is required reading for all entry-level students of multilingualism, and a primer for language lovers in general.
Scientific Discourse and the Rhetoric of Globalization
Authors: Pérez-Llantada Carmen
Published: February 2024

The rhetorical practices involved with the dissemination of scientific discourse are shifting. Addressing these changes, this book places the discourse of science in an increasingly multilingual and multicultural academic area. It contests monolingual assumptions informing scientific discourse, calling attention to emerging glocal discourses that make hybrids of the standard globalized and local academic English norms. English clearly has a hegemonic role as the lingua franca of global academia; this book conducts an intercultural rhetorical and textographic analysis to compare how Anglophone and non-Anglophone academics utilise the standardized rhetorical conventions for scientific writing. It takes an academic literacies approach, providing a rhetorically and pedagogically informed discussion. It enquires into the process of linguistic and rhetorical acculturation of both monolingual and multilingual scholars, and in doing so redefines the contemporary rhetoric of science.
The Painting Technique of Dmitry Zhilinsky
Authors: Tolstikov A. G.
Published: February 2024

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PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBEAJARAN MELALUI PENIGKATAN BERWAWASAN KEBANGSAAN DAN KETERAMPILAN PRAKTIK PENGAJARAN DI LAEANSI FILIPINA
Authors: EIIi  , Satriani Is Sitti , Siti WaIidah Mustamin  , Mutahharah  , Hariansyah  , Iskandar
Published: February 2024

setiap perguruan tinggi diharapkan dapat  menghasilkan individu penerus bangsa yang berakhlak mulia, berbudi pekerti, tanggap, dan berintegritas yang mampu mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sehingga bermanfaat bagi umat, bangsa dan negara. Dalam upaya untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, setiap perguruan tinggi mmebekali mahasiswanya baik dengan pengetahuan teori maupun praktik. KKN Internasional Davao 2o22 mendapatkan kesempatan untuk terjun ke Desa Laensasi untuk melaksanakan beberapa program yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat dan membantu masyarakat setempat. Sebagai saudara sebangsa, masalah-masalah yang dihadapi RIN menjadi alasan perlunya tim KKN diterjunkan untuk memberdayakan RIN. Program yang akan diberikan kepada masyarakat setempat dapat melatih keterampilan dan soft skill yang dibutuhkan, sehingga dapat memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki dan meningkatkan standar hidup mereka menjadi lebih baik lagiPada kesempatan kali ini, KKN Internasional Davao 2o22 mendapatkan kesempatan untuk terjun ke Desa Laensasi untuk melaksanakan beberapa program yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat dan membantu masyarakat setempat. Sebagai saudara sebangsa, masalah-masalah yang dihadapi RIN menjadi alasan perlunya tim KKN diterjunkan untuk memberdayakan RIN. Program yang akan diberikan kepada masyarakat setempat dapat melatih keterampilan dan soft skill yang dibutuhkan, sehingga dapat memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki dan meningkatkan standar hidup mereka menjadi lebih baik lagi.  Metode yang digunakan daIam program tersebut adaah Sosialisasi dan Observasi, edukasi, Demonstrasi, Pelatihan dan Praktik hasiI yang di dapatkan pada program tersebut adaIah pengenaan tentang bangsan indnesia, baik dari segi Bahasa, Iagu kebangsaan, Ietak geografis bangsa Indnesia, budaya bangsa Indnesia, memeriahkan hari kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia dengan cara memberikan beberapa permainan/permaban khas dari Indonesia sebagai wujud cinta terhadap tanah air, Makanan Khas Bangsa Indnesia maupun pengenaan tentang A-Isam dan kemuhammadiyahan.
Les limitacions del principi d’autonomia en bioètica. Una reflexió des de la teoria republicana de la llibertat
Authors: Gómez Rincón José Francisco
Published: February 2024

En aquest article pretenem fer una crítica, des de postulats ètics de caràcter republicà, al mode actual d’entendre i, per tant, posar en pràctica el principi d'autonomia de la bioètica. Pretenem mostrar que, en l’estat actual d’aplicació d'aquest principi, emprant una definició liberal de llibertat i de la natura humana, aquest idea de llibertat i autonomia que es pretén  protegir, no es compleix en deixar fora de l’equació tot un seguit de circumstàncies socials, polítiques o econòmiques que poden dificultar al pacient prendre una veritable decisió sobirana sobre quin ha de ser el fet d'actuar dels professionals sanitaris sobre el seu cos en cada cas.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Scholarly Communications for Enhanced Human Cognitive Abilities: The War for Philosophy?
Authors: Adakawa Murtala Ismail Adakawa
Published: February 2024

Este artículo explora la integración de la IA en la comunicación académica para mejorar las capacidades cognitivas humanas. La concepción de la comunicación hombre-máquina (CMM), que considera las tecnologías basadas en la IA no como objetos interactivos, sino como sujetos comunicativos, plantea cuestiones más filosóficas en la comunicación académica. Es un hecho conocido que existe una mayor interacción entre los humanos y las máquinas, especialmente consolidada por la pandemia COVID-19, que intensificó el desarrollo del Sistema de Aprendizaje Adaptativo Individual, por lo que necesariamente se requieren aportaciones de las IN para fortalecer la IA. Esto posicionó a la universidad en la yuxtaposición de asegurar la producción de individuos altamente talentosos que puedan continuar pensando más allá de lo pensable inteligentemente y permitir a los expertos en IA continuar construyendo algoritmos que puedan llevar el desarrollo de la tecnología al siguiente nivel. Para llevar a cabo tal tarea, la producción investigadora es primordial para conectar la universidad y la industria editorial. Este artículo examina de forma crítica componentes importantes e intenta hacer justicia a la emanación de preguntas críticas de los investigadores (NI), alimentando así el desarrollo de la tecnología (IA).
Ética y responsabilidad en la implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial en la escuela
Authors: Parraguez Núñez Patricia
Published: February 2024

La dimensión ética respecto al uso de la inteligencia artificial es hoy un debate obligado en diversas áreas del conocimiento. Los beneficios de la IA en la educación son innegables, sin embargo, invitan a los educadores a una reflexión profunda respecto a los objetivos que se espera alcanzar en los aprendizajes, así como a los riesgos que este tipo de tecnología presenta. A través de una revisión bibliográfica sobre los alcances éticos en educación, se constata la existencia de diversas regulaciones que, desde la perspectiva humanista, apuntan a un uso responsable, sin perder de vista que el fin último es la persona y su dignidad. La ética corre tras los avances tecnológicos, pues la reflexión sobre el uso adecuado de ellas no logra anticiparse a su rápida implementación. Unesco y el Consenso de Beijing señalan que la IA debe estar al servicio de la educación y que es crucial promover una utilización equitativa e inclusiva, transparente y responsable. Generar confianza debe ser el pilar fundamental de esta construcción ética, por ello exige que los líderes escolares y los docentes reflexionen la finalidad del uso; se promueva una adecuada capacitación; se identifiquen beneficios y riesgos y se incorpore a toda la comunidad educativa.
Perlakuan Pupuk Daun dan Fungisida terhadap Intensitas Penyakit Phyllosticta dan Hasil Tanaman Jahe (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Khoiriyah Annisa , Heriyanto  , Sa'diyah Fitria Naimatu
Published: February 2024

Penyakit bercak daun Phyllosticta mengakibatkan kerusakan daun yang dapat mengakibatkan rendahnya hasil tanaman jahe. Usaha pengendalian yang telah dilakukan oleh petani belum memberikan hasil yang maksimal, sehingga dibutuhkan teknik pengendalian yang lebih efektif dengan memadukan aplikasi pupuk daun dan fungisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dosis pupuk daun fungisida yang efektif untuk pengendalian penyakit bercak daun dan hasil pada tanaman jahe. Penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phyllosticta zingiberi merupakan faktor penghambat produktivitas tanaman jahe. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Argodadi, Kecamatan Sedayu, Kabupaten Bantul, DIY dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap terdiri 2 faktor yaitu dosis fungisida tembaga dan dosis pupuk daun dengan 3 level takaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi 3 g/L fungisida efektif menurunkan intensitas serangan dan persentase tanaman terserang penyakit bercak daun masing masing sebesar 56,03 dan 65,90%. Sedangkan kombinasi perlakuan 3 g/L fungisida dan 5 ml/l pupuk daun mampu meningkatkan produktivitas rimpang jahe segar.
Keragaan Agronomi dan Potensi Hasil Inbred Generasi S8 Jagung (Zea mays L.) untuk Hibrida Harapan Baru
Authors: Hidayatullah Taufiq , Suliansyah Irfan , Swasti Etti , Putri Nurwanita Ekasari , Mejana I Made Jaya
Published: February 2024

Perakitan varietas jagung dengan produktivitas tinggi merupakan alternatif untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan nasional. Karakterisasi merupakan salah satu tahapan esensial dalam program pemuliaan jagung. Tujuan penelitian ini melakukan karakterisasi agronomi dan melihat potensi hasil galur-galur tetua yang diuji sehingga sebagai dasar untuk program perakitan varietas hibrida. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Koto Tingga, Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 inbred jagung harapan dengan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap satu faktor dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inbred berpengaruh signifikan pada semua karakter kecuali pada jumlah tongkol per tanaman dan potensi hasil. Inbred Mz1 memiliki potensi hasil terbesar yaitu 3,7 ton ha-1 diikuti oleh inbred Mz5 sebesar 3,4 ton ha-1. Kedua inbred ini memiliki tinggi tanaman yang relatif sedang (221,6–246,3 cm), umur panen yang genjah (94,2–99,9 HST), dan bobot 100 butir yang sedang hingga tinggi (28,4–37,9 g). Kedua inbred ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai tetua persilangan.
Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Gulma sebagai Bahan Biosaka untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascolanicum L.)
Authors: Adiwijaya Hamdan Drian , Lusiana  , Cartika Ika
Published: February 2024

Kebijakan pertanian berkelanjutan mendorong inovasi dalam pertanian seperti penggunaan biosaka sebagai elisitor pada tanaman. Biosaka mengandung senyawa kimia yang memicu respon positif pada tanaman. Bawang merah merupakan komoditas unggulan yang praktik budidayanya seringkali tidak memperhatikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penggunaan biosaka sebagai alternatif diharapkan dapat mendukung pertanian bawang merah yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh penggunaan elisitor biosaka terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat 10 m dpl. Perlakuan elisitor biosaka dilakukan menggunakan 3 formula perlakuan yaitu A: formula 1 (babadotan, kitolod, anting–anting, maman lanang, dan tutup bumi), B: formula 2 (jelantir, sembung, patikan kebo, meniran, dan sembung rambat), C: formula 3 (babadotan, anting–anting, sembung, jelantir dan meniran), D: kontrol (tanpa elisitor), perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua formulasi elisitor biosaka berbahan dasar gulma daun lebar dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan bobot umbi tanaman bawang merah. Pemilihan elisitor yang sesuai dengan teknik budidaya yang tepat dapat menghasilkan produksi tanaman yang optimal.
Human Resource Economic System
Authors: Rashid Rukhsana , Anwar Quarum
Published: February 2024

In nearby future, World is going to economically polarized towards the new pole, shifting from Capitalism or Socialism, most probably India Shall be in the role of the lead the new Economic pole. An introduction of Human Resource Economic System, The philosophical comparison of Socialism, Capitalism and Human Resource Economic System. Consider the impact of Human Resource Economic System Worldwide.
Quantifying the dust direct radiative effect in the Southwestern United States: findings from multiyear measurements
Authors: Kuwano Alexandra Meiko , Evan Amato , Walkowiak Blake , Frouin Robert
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Mineral aerosols (i.e., dust) can affect climate and weather by absorbing and scattering shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere (the direct radiative effect). It is thought that the dust direct radiative effect is sufficiently strong that the presence of dust can significantly alter surface temperatures, static stability of the atmosphere, and the top of the atmosphere energy balance. Yet despite its importance, understanding of this parameter is so poor that, for example, the sign of the net direct radiative effect at top of the atmosphere is unconstrained, and thus it is unknown if changes in dust over time cool or warm Earth’s climate. Here we develop and apply new methods to estimate the SW direct effect via observations of aerosols and radiation made over a three-year period in a desert region of the southwestern United States. We generate region-specific dust optical properties via a novel data set of soil mineralogy from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument, which are then used to model the SW and LW dust direct radiative effect. From the observations and model output we find that the net dust direct radiative effect, on average, is −6 ± 1 and −2 ± 1 W m−2 at the surface and top of the atmosphere, respectively. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the SW component is about twice that in the LW, underscoring the importance of quantifying the iron oxide content of dust since these minerals strongly affect dust SW absorbtivity.
The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model
Authors: Arora Vivek K. , Lima Aranildo , Shrestha Rajesh
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The effect of climate change is investigated on the hydro-climatology of six major Canadian rivers (Mackenzie, Yukon, Columbia, Fraser, Nelson, and St. Lawrence), in particular streamflow, by analyzing results from the historical and future simulations (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios) performed with the Canadian regional climate model (CanRCM4). Streamflow is obtained by routing runoff using river networks at 0.5° resolution. Of these six rivers, Nelson and St. Lawrence are the most regulated. As a result, the streamflow at the mouth of these rivers shows very little seasonality. Additionally, the Great Lakes significantly dampen the seasonality of streamflow for the St. Lawrence River. Mean annual precipitation (P), evaporation (E), runoff (R), and temperature increase for all six river basins considered and the increases are higher for the more fossil fuel-intensive RCP 8.5 scenario. The only exception is the Nelson River basin for which the simulated runoff increases are extremely small. The hydrological response of these rivers to climate warming is characterized by their existing climate states. The northerly Mackenzie and Yukon River basins show a decrease in evaporation ratio (E/P) and an increase in runoff ratio (R/P) since the increase in precipitation is more than enough to offset the increase in evaporation associated with increasing temperature. For the southerly Fraser and Columbia River basins, the E/P ratio increases, and the R/P ratio decreases due to an already milder climate in the Pacific north-western region. The seasonality of simulated monthly streamflow is also more affected for the southerly Fraser and Columbia Rivers than for the northerly Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers as snow amounts decrease and snowmelt occurs earlier. The streamflow seasonality for the Mackenzie and Yukon rivers is still dominated by snowmelt at the end of the century even in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The simulated streamflow regime for the Fraser and Columbia Rivers shifts from a snow-dominated to a hybrid/rainfall-dominated regime towards the end of this century in the RCP 8.5 scenario. While we expect the climate change signal from CanRCM4 to be higher than other climate models, owing to the higher-than-average climate sensitivity of its parent global climate model, the results presented here provide a consistent overview of hydrological changes across six major Canadian river basins in response to a warmer climate.
Marine cloud base height retrieval from MODIS cloud properties using machine learning
Authors: Lenhardt Julien , Quaas Johannes , Sejdinovic Dino
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Clouds are a crucial regulator in the Earth's energy budget through their radiative properties, both at the top-of-the-atmosphere and at the surface, hence determining key factors like their vertical extent is of essential interest. While the cloud top height is commonly retrieved by satellites, the cloud base height is difficult to estimate from satellite remote sensing data. Here we present a novel method leveraging spatially resolved cloud properties from the MODIS instrument to retrieve the cloud base height over marine areas. A machine learning model is built with two components to facilitate the cloud base height retrieval: the first component is an autoencoder designed to learn a representation of the data cubes of cloud properties and reduce their dimensionality. The second component is developed for predicting the cloud base using ground-based ceilometer observations from the lower dimensional encodings generated by the aforementioned autoencoder. The method is then evaluated based on a collection of co-located surface ceilometer observations and retrievals from the CALIOP satellite lidar. The statistical model performs well on both datasets, exhibiting accurate predictions in particular for lower cloud bases and a narrow distribution of the absolute error, namely 379 m and 328 m for the mean absolute error and the standard deviation of the absolute error respectively for cloud bases in the test set. Furthermore, cloud base height predictions are generated for an entire year over ocean, and global mean aggregates are also presented, providing insights about global cloud base height distribution and offering a valuable dataset for extensive studies requiring global cloud base height retrievals. The global cloud base height dataset and the presented models are available from Zenodo (Lenhardt et al., 2024).
A 7-year record of vertical profiles of radar measurements and precipitation estimates at Dumont d'Urville, Adélie Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Wiener Valentin , Roussel Marie-Laure , Genthon Christophe , Vignon Étienne , Grazioli Jacopo , Berne Alexis
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Studying precipitation falling over Antarctica is crucial as snowfall represents the main water input term for the polar cap. However, precipitation observations still remain scarce – and, more particularly, in the atmospheric column – due to numerous experimental issues related to the white continent. This paper aims at helping to close this observation gap by presenting 7 years of Micro Rain Radar (Metek MRR-2) data at the Dumont d'Urville station in coastal Adélie Land, East Antarctica. Statistics are calculated on three radar variables (equivalent reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) to outline the main characteristics of the radar dataset. Seasonal and interannual variabilities are also investigated, but no significant temporal trends are detected, except for the seasonal mean Doppler velocity, which is higher in summer and lower in winter. We then use the snowfall rate (S) data from a collocated snow gauge to estimate the MRR precipitation profile from the radar equivalent reflectivity (Ze) through a locally derived Ze–S relation. We find the relation Ze=43.3S0.88. The processing method used to obtain this relation, data quality and uncertainty considerations are discussed in the paper. In order to give an example of application of the dataset, a brief statistical comparison of the MRR precipitation rate along the vertical with model data from the ERA5 reanalysis and the LMDZ climate model is performed, which notably shows that models underestimate heavy precipitation events. All datasets are available on the PANGAEA database with the associated DOI: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.962727 (Wiener et al., 2023).
Great Lakes wave forecast system on high-resolution unstructured meshes
Authors: Abdolali Ali , Banihashemi Saeideh , Alves Jose Henrique , Roland Aron , Hesser Tyler J. , Anderson Bryant Mary , McKee Smith Jane
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Wind-wave forecasts play a crucial role in the North American Great Lakes region towards ensuring the safety of communities, enhancement of the economy, and protection of property. Modeling wind waves in closed and relatively shallow basins with complex bathymetry like the Great Lakes is a challenge that is successfully tackled in part by using variable-resolution triangular unstructured meshes with no limits in terms of computational scalability and maximum resolution in the coastal areas. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in developing unstructured mesh capabilities as part of the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III, in the context of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational requirements such as model robustness, efficiency, and accuracy. We revisit the history of developments leading to the transition from rectilinear to curvilinear grids and finally to an unstructured mesh version of NOAA's operational Great Lakes wave modeling system (GLWUv2.0). The article describes the development of the operational GLWUv2.0, from mesh design and scalability analysis to validation and verification for hindcast of storm cases and re-forecast using 4 months of retrospective simulations. In closed Great Lakes basins untouched by swell from distant sources, the atmospheric model's direct impact on wave behavior stands apart, showing reduced forecast accuracy over time, while maintaining consistent precision in accurately wind-hindcasted stormy conditions.
Incorporating interpretation uncertainties from deterministic 3D hydrostratigraphic models in groundwater models
Authors: Enemark Trine , Madsen Rasmus Bødker , Sonnenborg Torben O. , Andersen Lærke Therese , Sandersen Peter B. E. , Kidmose Jacob , Møller Ingelise , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Jensen Karsten Høgh , Høyer Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Many 3D hydrostratigraphic models of the subsurface are interpreted as deterministic models, where an experienced modeler combines relevant geophysical and geological information with background geological knowledge. Depending on the quality of the information from the input data, the interpretation phase will typically be accompanied by an estimated qualitative interpretation uncertainty. Given the qualitative nature of uncertainty, it is difficult to propagate the uncertainty to groundwater models. In this study, a stochastic-simulation-based methodology to characterize interpretation uncertainty within a manual-interpretation-based layer model is applied in a groundwater modeling setting. Three scenarios with different levels of interpretation uncertainty are generated, and three locations representing different geological structures are analyzed in the models. The impact of interpretation uncertainty on predictions of capture zone area and median travel time is compared to the impact of parameter uncertainty in the groundwater model. The main result is that in areas with thick and large aquifers and low geological uncertainty, the impact of interpretation uncertainty is negligible compared to the hydrogeological parameterization, while it may introduce a significant contribution in areas with thinner and smaller aquifers with high geologic uncertainty. The influence of the interpretation uncertainties is thus dependent on the geological setting as well as the confidence of the interpreter. In areas with thick aquifers, this study confirms existing evidence that if the conceptual model is well defined, interpretation uncertainties within the conceptual model have limited impact on groundwater model predictions.
IDENTIFICATION OF RAINFALL TRENDS OVER FOUR CITIES OF ASSAM, INDIA
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, BURAGOHAIN R. , MEDHI H. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, NARZARY B.K. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, AHAMAD K.U. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
Published: February 2024

In time-series analysis, several non-parametric and parametric techniques are available to identify a trend. However, due to the lesser sensitivity of the non-parametric methods towards the outliers, they are often given priority over parametric methods for analysing the trend. In this study, the significance of the trend in the rainfall data of the four cities; Guwahati, Tezpur, North Lakhimpur, and Dibrugarh in Assam is examined using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. The non-parametric Sen’s estimator method is used to estimate the magnitude of the significant trends for the four cities. The rainfall trend has been studied based on monthly, yearly and seasonal observations. The results clearly show that there is no trend in the cities except for Dibrugarh, where an increasing rainfall trend is observed within 5% significance level. Based on the seasonal rainfall analysis, it is noted that the pre- and post-monsoon precipitation has a significant increasing trend, while no trend is seen during the monsoon period, which indicates an absence of significant change in the rainfall magnitude during the monsoon for the study period. The analysis of the monthly rainfall data has reveal a significant trend for July in the cities of Guwahati and Tezpur, which are closely located, while the significant trend May is seen in the city of North Lakhimpur. However, for Dibrugarh, all months have shown significant trends at 5% except for September, November, and December. The analysis has shown that there is a significant change in the rainfall trend for the non-monsoon period, indicating the change in the rainfall pattern, while the overall trend for the monsoon period remains the same. This change of rainfall pattern during the non-monsoon period may be an impact of the climate change, which requires detailed studies. The overall analysis for the four sites over the period under review has shown a significant trend in rainfall only for Dibrugarh.
OZONE CONTENT OVER THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2023
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, IVANOVA N.S. , KUZNETSOVA I.N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, LEZINA E.A. ,   State environmental budgetary institution “Mosekomonitoring”
Published: February 2024

The review was compiled based on the results of the operation of the total ozone (TO) monitoring system over Russia and adjacent territories, operating online at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses data from the domestic network of filter ozonometers M-124, operating under the methodological guidance of the Main Geophysical Observatory; The quality of operation of the entire system is quickly monitored using observations from OMI satellite equipment (NASA, USA). The main TO observation data for each month of the third quarter of 2023 and for the quarter as a whole are summarized. The results of regular measurements of ground-level ozone carried out in the Moscow region are also presented.
SEASONAL FEATURES OF CHANGES IN THE FREQUENCY OF SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS IN RUSSIAN REGIONS IN RECENT DECADES
Authors:   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, MOKHOV I.I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2024

The changes in the frequency of severe weather events and their seasonal features in Russian regions are analyzed using the data for 1998-2021. More than 2/5 of severe weather events are observed in summer, which is also characterized by the greatest increase in the frequency in the recent decades: by almost 1.5 times, with an increase of 1 K in the Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature. The frequency of extreme events also significantly increases in spring, while the minimum relative increase was found for winter. Significant changes have been identified: in the recent years, there has been at least one severe weather event per day averagely and two to three such events per day in summer. Correlation of the detected trends (in particular, a more significant increase in the frequency of severe weather events in summer months) with the changes in the temperature stratification and moisture capacity of the atmosphere and the intensification of convective processes in the atmosphere under warming has been found. Against the background of the general increasing trend in the frequency of extreme weather events, some features associated with key modes of climate variability (these peculiarities are manifested, in particular, in the atmospheric blocking patterns) are noted in the recent decades.
MODELING THE NORTHERN CASPIAN SEA ICE COVER IN EXTREME SEASONS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, NESTEROV E.S. , ZHUPANOV V.D. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, FEDORENKO A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

Based on the CICE model, the characteristics of the ice cover in the Northern Caspian Sea were simulated during the extreme ice seasons of 2011/2012 (long and cold) and 2015/2016 (short and warm). The characteristics of these seasons (length, frost degree-days, sea ice extent, maximum ice thickness) are given. Composite anomalies of surface air pressure and air temperature were constructed for the Northern Caspian region. Based on the JRA-55 reanalysis data, the concentration and thickness of sea ice were calculated. A comparison of the simulation results with observational data showed that the main differences in ice conditions in these seasons are reproduced satisfactorily.
ASSESSMENT OF HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSES TO LAND USE CHANGES IN WADI OUAHRANE WATERSHED, ALGERIA
Authors:   Department of Hydraulic, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, University of Hassiba Benbouali, Chlef, Algeria, ALLALI H. ,   Vegetable Chemistry-Water-Energy Laboratory (LCV2E), ELMEDDAHI Y. ,   Department of Hydraulic, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, University of Hassiba Benbouali, Chlef, Algeria,   Vegetable Chemistry-Water-Energy Laboratory (LCV2E), BADNI N. ,   Center of Scientific and Technical Research in Physicochemical Analysis (CRAPC), Tipaza, Algeria, EL-NESR M. ,   Soil Conservation Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Published: February 2024

Rainfall-runoff modeling plays a crucial role in determining the regular water balance. Modifications in land use and land (vegetation) cover (LULC) significantly impact on the hydrological response of watersheds. The study aims to analyze the effect of land use change on river runoff with the use of hydrological modeling in the Wadi Ouahrane watershed in northwestern Algeria. The study was conducted for the period from 1987 to 2017. According to the LULC change study, cultivated land and built-up areas have increased, whereas forest and grassland areas have decreased. Sensitivity evaluation has shown that the CN (curve number) is the most important factor affecting the watershed hydrology. The Nash Sutcliffe (NSE) and R2 efficiency values for the Wadi Ouahrane watershed were 0.76-0.82 and 0.86-0.91 for the calibration period and 0.72-0.74 and 0.81-0.83 for the validation one, respectively. The assessment of the HEC-HMS response to the LULC change showed that the peak discharge for 2017 increased by 68% relative to the 1987 peak discharge. This research has improved the knowledge of the relationship between land use change and hydrological regimes in the Wadi Ouahrane watershed.
The effect of host population heterogeneity on epidemic outbreaks
Authors: Bootsma Martin , Chan Danny , Diekmann Odo , Inaba Hisashi
Published: February 2024

In the first part of this paper, we review old and new results about the influence of host population heterogeneity on (various characteristics of) epidemic outbreaks. In the second part we highlight a modelling issue that so far has received little attention: how do contact patterns, and hence transmission opportunities, depend on the size and the composition of the host population? Without any claim on completeness, we offer a range of potential (quasi-mechanistic) submodels. The overall aim of the paper is to describe the state-of-the-art and to catalyse new work.
NAVIGATING CHANGE IN HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE SETTING
Authors:   Dr. P.R. Sodani, is President of IIHMR University, Jaipur., SODANI Dr. P.R. , KUMAR Dr. SANDESH , KUMAR Dr. MAHENDRA ,   Dr. Sandesh Kumar Sharma is working as Professor at IIHMR University, Jaipur
Published: February 2024

This collection of articles explores the complex interactions among hospital administration, public health strategies, rural development management, and pharmaceutical sciences. Covering a wide range of topics, from revolutionary pharmaceutical breakthroughs to the intricacies of public health policies, this compilation aims to emphasize the importance of well-informed practices. The authors express their appreciation to the esteemed contributors, recognizing their invaluable contributions. Our hope is that this anthology not only initiates thought-provoking discussions but also acts as a driver for collaborative initiatives, fostering a collective approach to the numerous challenges and possibilities within these fields.
Preparation and Evaluation of Aceclofenac Solid Dispersion by Fusion Technique and Effervescent Assisted Fusion Technique: Comparative Study
Authors: A. E. Alezzy Ahmad , B. H. Al-Khedairy Eman
Published: February 2024

Solid dispersion (SD) is one of the most widely used methods to resolve issues accompanied by poorly soluble drugs. The present study was carried out to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Aceclofenac (ACE), a BCS class II drug with pH-dependent solubility, by the SD method. Effervescent assisted fusion technique (EFSD) using different hydrophilic carriers (mannitol, urea, Soluplus®, poloxamer 188, and poloxamer 407) in the presence of an effervescent base (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) in different drug: carrier: effervescent base ratio and the conventional fusion technique (FSD) were used to prepare ACE SD. Solubility, dissolution rate, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), PowderX-ray diffraction study (PXRD), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were determined for the SD obtained from both techniques as a comparative study. The results showed that EFSD using ACE: Soluplus®: effervescent base in a ratio of 1:2:1 had higher solubility and dissolution rate than that obtained from FSD prepared by ACE: Soluplus® in a ratio of 1:2. However, the two techniques obtained the amorphous form according to XRD and DSC results. It can be concluded that EFSD is a promising method for the solubility and dissolution rate improvement of BCS class II drugs.
Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Trapa natans Linn. root
Authors: Y. Mendhekar Seema , R. Rachh Punit
Published: February 2024

Background: Water caltrop (Singara), a plant belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family is an essential medicinal herb used in Ayurvedic preparations. Due to its unique characteristics and therapeutic properties. It is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries. Taiwan, China and areas of Southeast Asia are home to Singara. Objective: To study the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Trapa natans Linn. root to establish the salient diagnostic features. Methods: Macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical evaluation, detection of inorganic constituents, fluorescence analysis, extractive value and phytochemical analysis were performed. Extraction was performed by using different solvent such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and distill water. Results: Macroscopically roots were mostly 10–65 mm long and less than 1 mm in diameter, except for the first adventitious roots arising from the cotyledonary nodes, which were much longer and often descended into the substrate river bottom. Microscopically the stele of roots is typically tetrarch, but hexarchy and pentarchy occur in large roots and triarchy in some roots. Central metaxylem vessel elements with a discontinuity of mature xylem elements between protoxylem and metaxylem are common. The cortex of Trapa natans Linn. root is characterized by aerenchyma in its middle by schizogeny but it often has asymmetrically larger lacunae in the inner cortex. The result of physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, loss on drying (moisture content), total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value, foaming index were found to be 0.3%w/w, 2.04%w/w, 9.5%w/w, 3.5%w/w, 5.0%w/w, 10.2%w/w, 5.2%w/w, less than 100 respectively. Qualitative tests of inorganic elements confirmed the presence of calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, sulphate, phosphate and chloride. The result of fluorescence analysis showed that in visible light, the root powder exhibit various shades of green and brown fluorescence. Various shades of green, brown and black were found under UV light. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of various extracts using different solvents confirmed the presence alkaloids, amino acid, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, steroids, triterpenoid compound, tannins, phenolic compounds, mucilage and saponins respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the presences of various phytoconstituents in Trapa natans Linn. root may be medicinally useful. Also the results can be helpful in setting some diagnostic indices for identification, authentication and preparation of the monograph of the plant.