bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicide and Self-Injury Among Children and Youth With Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Barnes Andrew J. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Resnick Michael D.
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Chronic conditions may be associated with suicide risk. This study aimed to specify the extent to which youth chronic conditions are at risk for suicidality and self-harm.

METHODS:

Logistic regression was used to estimate odds of self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in 10- to 19-year-olds with and without chronic physical and/or mental health conditions.

RESULTS:

Independent of race, socioeconomic status, absent parent, special education status, substance use, and emotional distress, youth with co-occurring chronic physical and mental conditions (n = 4099) had significantly higher odds of self-harm (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5 [99% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–2.8), suicidal ideation (OR: 2.5 [99% CI: 2.3–2.8), and suicide attempts (OR: 3.5 [99% CI: 3.1–3.9]) than healthy peers (n = 106 967), as did those with chronic mental conditions alone (n = 8752). Youth with chronic physical conditions alone (n = 12 554) were at slightly elevated risk for all 3 outcomes. Findings were similar among male and female youth, with a risk gradient by grade.

CONCLUSIONS:

Chronic physical conditions are associated with a slightly elevated risk for self-harm, suicidal thinking, and attempted suicide; chronic mental conditions are associated with an increased risk for all 3 outcomes. Co-occurring chronic physical and mental conditions are associated with an increased risk for self-harm and suicidal ideation that is similar to the risk in chronic mental conditions and with an attempted suicide risk in excess of that predicted by the chronic mental health conditions alone. Preventive interventions for these youth should be developed and evaluated.
Successful Treatment of Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Type A With cPMP
Authors: Veldman Alex , Santamaria-Araujo José Angel , Sollazzo Silvio , Pitt James , Gianello Robert , Yaplito-Lee Joy , Wong Flora , Ramsden Clive Andrew , Reiss Jochen , Cook Iain , Fairweather Jon , Schwarz Guenter
Published: April 2010

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by severe and rapidly progressive neurologic damage caused by the functional loss of sulfite oxidase, 1 of 4 molybdenum-dependent enzymes. To date, no effective therapy is available for MoCD, and death in early infancy has been the usual outcome. We report here the case of a patient who was diagnosed with MoCD at the age of 6 days. Substitution therapy with purified cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) was started on day 36 by daily intravenous administration of 80 to 160 μg of cPMP/kg of body weight. Within 1 to 2 weeks, all urinary markers of sulfite oxidase (sulfite, S-sulfocysteine, thiosulfate) and xanthine oxidase deficiency (xanthine, uric acid) returned to almost normal readings and stayed constant (>450 days of treatment). Clinically, the infant became more alert, convulsions and twitching disappeared within the first 2 weeks, and an electroencephalogram showed the return of rhythmic elements and markedly reduced epileptiform discharges. Substitution of cPMP represents the first causative therapy available for patients with MoCD. We demonstrate efficient uptake of cPMP and restoration of molybdenum cofactor–dependent enzyme activities. Further neurodegeneration by toxic metabolites was stopped in the reported patient. We also demonstrated the feasibility to detect MoCD in newborn-screening cards to enable early diagnosis.
The Effectiveness of Baby Books for Providing Pediatric Anticipatory Guidance to New Mothers
Authors: Reich Stephanie M. , Bickman Leonard , Saville Benjamin R. , Alvarez JoAnn
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:

To assess whether embedding pediatric anticipatory guidance into books read to infants is an effective way to educate low-income, first-time mothers about injury-prevention and health-promotion practices.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Primiparous women (N = 168) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: an educational-book group; a noneducational-book group; or a no-book group. Knowledge of anticipatory-guidance topics regarding children from birth to 12 months of age (eg, injury prevention, parenting, nutrition) was assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy and again when infants were ∼2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age.

RESULTS:

Women in the educational-book group scored consistently higher on knowledge than did those in the other 2 groups. Those in the educational-book group were found to have significantly higher knowledge scores than those in both the noneducational-book group (effect size [ES]: 0.3, P < .001) and the no-book group (ES: 0.3, P < .001) in the longitudinal model.

CONCLUSIONS:

Books read by mothers to infants seem to be an effective way to provide anticipatory guidance to new mothers. However, future work is needed to determine if increased knowledge translates into safer and more developmentally appropriate parenting practices.
Equipamento brasileiro de detecção gama intra-operatória para biópsia de linfonodo sentinela
Authors: Oliveira Filho Renato Santos de , Farah Andréia Bufoni , Costa Fábio Eduardo da , Nahas Fabio Xerfan , Oliveira Daniel Arcuschin de , Oliveira Renan Gianotto de
Published: April 2010

OBJETIVO: Testar a eficácia de equipamento de detecção gama intra-operatória (DGI) desenvolvido pelo IPEN (Brasil), em procedimentos de biópsia de linfonodo sentinela (BLS) no melanoma e no câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 40 pacientes portadores de melanoma ou câncer de mama com indicação para realização de BLS.Todos pacientes foram submetidos à linfocintilografia e a BLS ocorreu entre 2 a 24 horas após a mesma. Concomitantemente à DGI, realizou-se o mapeamento linfático com corante vital. Foram feitas leituras com o equipamento convencional Neoprobe® 1500 e com o equipamento em teste (IPEN) dos valores de captação do sítio de injeção do radiofármaco, do LS in vivo e ex vivo e da captação de fundo. Foi registrado se o LS estava corado e se o cirurgião teve facilidade para encontrá-lo. Nos primeiros 20 pacientes utilizou-se o equipamento convencional e depois o de teste; nos outros 20, utilizou-se primeiro o equipamento em teste, com objetivo de verificar se o mesmo identificava primariamente o LS. RESULTADOS: Dos quarenta pacientes, 33 eram portadores de tumor de mama e sete de melanoma cutâneo; variação da idade: 21 a 68 anos (mediana= 46 anos); 35 mulheres e 5 homens. Em apenas um paciente o LS não foi encontrado, nem pela DGI nem pelo corante vital. Não houve diferença estatística entre as razões ex vivo/fundo obtidas com os dois equipamentos (p=0, 2583-ns). CONCLUSÃO: É possível realizar o procedimento de BLS com o equipamento brasileiro desenvolvido pelo IPEN, com facilidade e sem prejuízo para o paciente.
Lead concentration and allocation in vegetable crops grown in a soil contaminated by battery residues
Authors: Lima Francisco de S , Nascimento Clístenes WA do , Silva Fernando BV da , Carvalho Vinícius GB de , Ribeiro Filho Mateus R
Published: April 2010

Lead (Pb) is a very stable metal in soil and is highly toxic to humans and animals. Exposure to Pb occurs via inhalation of particles from industry and soil, as well as household dust, water, and contaminated food. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate Pb contents and allocation in vegetable crops grown in a soil contaminated by battery recycling wastes. Eight plant species were studied: tomato, sweet pepper, beet, carrot, cabbage, green collards, eggplant, and okra. The experiment was set up in blocks at random with four replicates. The results showed that carrot, green collards, beet, and okra were the most Pb tolerant species, while the others were very Pb-sensitive, since they did not complete their cycle. The decreasing order for Pb accumulation in the vegetables crops was: carrot > okra > tomato > eggplant > sweet pepper > green collards > cabbage > beet. Taking into account the Pb allocation in plants, the order was: root > stems > leaves > edible parts. Although carrot translocated the lowest Pb amount into the edible part, such level exceeded the legal limit.
A influência do Thiobacillus Thiooxidans na corrosão do aço inoxidável 430 em H2SO4 1 mol L-1
Authors: Anunziato Priscila , Tussolini Martha , Caparica Rebeca , Furstenberger Cynthia Beatriz , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Pinto
Published: April 2010

A corrosão microbiológica é um dos grandes problemas industriais da atualidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a influência da Thiobacillus Thiooxidans (TT) na corrosão do aço inoxidável 430 em H2SO4 1mol L-1. Nesse trabalho, foram empregadas as técnicas de: medidas gravimétricas, polarização anódica potenciostática (PA) e potenciodinâmica cíclica (PC), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE), microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados gravimétricos mostraram que, em 180 minutos de imersão do aço no meio contendo TT, há a formação de biofilme, o qual, inicialmente, bloqueia a corrosão do metal. A PA mostrou que o TT atua catalisando a reação de oxidação do aço 430 nesse meio, sendo que resultados semelhantes foram obtidos pela EIE. A aplicação da PC, na região passiva do aço 430, nesse meio, gera a inibição da geração de biofilmes em sua superfície, resultado este comprovado pela MEV.
Efeito do revenido na resistência à corrosão dos aços inoxidáveis supermartensíticos
Authors: Camillo Ana Paula Ciscato , Rovere Carlos Alberto Della , Aquino José Mario de , Kuri Sebastião Elias
Published: April 2010

Os aços inoxidáveis supermartensíticos são utilizados nas indústrias de petróleo e gás, pois aliam boas propriedades mecânicas, soldabilidade e excelente resistência à corrosão. Eles são endurecidos pelo tratamento térmico de têmpera e, para otimizar suas propriedades mecânicas, são submetidos ao revenimento. Durante o revenimento, ocorre precipitação de fases, que, dependendo dos parâmetros temperatura e tempo, induz alterações indesejadas nas propriedades desses aços. Nesse trabalho, o objetivo foi estudar a microestrutura e a resistência à corrosão de um aço inoxidável supermartensítico em diferentes condições de revenido (550°C, 600°C e 650°C). Observou-se, na microestrutura da amostra revenida a 650°C, a formação de austenita e precipitados de cromo do tipo Cr3C2 e Cr7C3. As curvas de polarização indicaram que o tratamento térmico influencia o comportamento anódico, modificando a região passiva e as características do filme passivo. O revenido altera a resistência à corrosão, com o grau de sensitização diminuindo com o aumento de temperatura de 550°C para 650°C, devido à recuperação das zonas empobrecidas de cromo.
Efeito da temperatura e do teor de níquel nas propriedades mecânicas e a correlação com usinabilidade em ligas Fe-18Cr-Ni
Authors: Bubani Franco de Castro , Decarli Célia Cristina Moretti , Brollo Gabriela Lujan , Barbosa Antonio Celso , Diniz Anselmo Eduardo , Mei Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2010

Foram realizados ensaios de tração na temperatura ambiente em ligas Fe-18%Cr, com teor de níquel variando entre zero e 60% e correlacionaram-se as propriedades obtidas com os resultados de usinabilidade obtidos anteriormente pelo grupo. As ligas foram ensaiadas, também, a 350 e 700ºC, de modo a determinar suas propriedades, na faixa de temperatura alcançada, no local da usinagem. A liga ferrítica apresentou alongamento e limite de resistência menores que as ligas austeníticas, tanto à temperatura ambiente, como a 350°C, o que explica porque, na usinagem dessas ligas, a vida da ferramenta foi muito maior que nas ligas austeníticas (100 contra 20 a 50 minutos, respectivamente). No ensaio a 350ºC, temperatura atingida pela peça na região de usinagem, o aumento do teor de níquel elevou, tanto o limite de resistência das ligas austeníticas, o que dificulta a usinagem, como, também, elevou a ductilidade (alongamento), facilitando a adesão da liga sobre a ferramenta de corte e exigindo maior esforço na usinagem, com conseqüente redução da vida da ferramenta.
Molecular markers for novel therapies in neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors
Authors: Gilbert Judith A , Adhikari Laura J , Lloyd Ricardo V , Rubin Joseph , Haluska Paul , Carboni Joan M , Gottardis Marco M , Ames Matthew M
Published: April 2010

Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors (NETs) are endocrine neoplasms occurring most frequently in gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary (BP) systems. The majority of patients present with advanced disease for which few treatment options exist. We assessed 104 NETs (74 cases) for biomarkers targeted by anticancer drugs under development for other forms of cancer. Activating mutations were assessed in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), stem cell factor receptor (KIT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), as well as non-response mutations in KRAS. Copy number of EGFR and HER-2/neu was quantified with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed for EGFR, KIT, PDGFRA, somatostatin receptor subtypes 2A and 5 (SSTR5), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1). NETs lacked HER2-overexpression predictive of anti-HER2 response and KIT and PDGFRA activating mutations indicative of imatinib sensitivity. High EGFR aneusomy (20% of all cases) and elevated EGFR copy number (39%) were found, but few KRAS mutations associated with non-response to anti-EGFR therapy (3%). Hsp90, TGFBR1, IGF1R, and SSTR5 exhibited highest levels of immunohistochemical staining in the largest percents of tumors. In subsequent in vitro studies, anticancer drug 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) (targeting Hsp90) inhibited proliferation of BP NET lines NCI-H727, NCI-H720, and NCI-H835 with IC50 values of 70.4, 310, and 788 nM respectively; BMS-754807 (targeting IGF1R/IR) inhibited growth with IC50 values of 428 nM, 2.8 μM, and 1 μM. At growth-inhibiting concentrations, 17-AAG (24 h) induced loss of EGFR and IGF1R in the IGF1R-expressing NCI-H727 line, and BMS-754807 (24 h) inhibited constitutive IGF1R autophosphorylation. Our results support further research into Hsp90, IGF1R, and EGFR as targets for developing new anticancer therapeutics for some NETs.
Herbicide Treatments to Renovate Toxic Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue Pastures with ‘Jesup’ MaxQ
Authors: Hill N. S. , Andrae J. G. , Durham R. G. , Hancock D. W.
Published: April 2010

Forage producers need more efficient, less risky, and cost‐effective strategies for replacing existing stands of toxic endophyte infected (E+) grass. This study addressed the efficacy of E+ tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. = Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort =] control using available herbicides, differing herbicide application timings, and weed control techniques and assessed the survival of E+ seed during the summer after it was produced. Two small‐plot experiments near Blairsville and Watkinsville, GA, evaluated herbicide chemistry and compared different application protocols for glyphosate at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, and 6 wk) to the use of a summer annual smother crop between split applications of glyphosate. Glyphosate allowed fewer E+ escapes than the other herbicides tested. Split applications of glyphosate at 6 wk before planting and again 1 d before planting resulted in successful eradication of the E+ tall fescue stand, fewer weeds, and a successfully established stand of nontoxic endophyte infected (NT) tall fescue. In a separate experiment at Blairsville and Watkinsville, 7.4 and 8.5 seeds per 100 seeds produced, respectively, were found to be germinable and with viable endophyte despite exposure to ambient conditions on the canopy floor in 2004. Thus, spring suppression of E+ tall fescue seedheads could reduce the risk of remnant toxic E+ seed. In field‐scale tests of the developed protocol [spring suppression of seedheads and a split application of glyphosate (6‐wk interval) before an autumn planting], E+ tall fescue stands were destroyed successfully and renovated with a NT tall fescue with a range of E+ escapes being only 0.5 to 2.5%.
Durum Wheat Root Distribution and Agronomical Performance as Influenced by Soil Properties
Authors: Outoukarte Ismaïl , Belaqziz Majdouline , Price Adam , Nsarellah Nasrelhaq , Hadrami Ismaïl El
Published: April 2010

To establish the relationship between the soil resistance, depth, and root density of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes, the root distribution and penetration performance of 103 genotypes were characterized at three distinct Moroccan fields, namely Safi, Marrakech, and Settat. At each site, a cone penetrometer was used to characterize the penetration resistance profile, and the root distribution was assessed using the horizontal profile method. Marrakech and Safi soils showed a high degree of soil resistance, reaching up to 4 MPa at 170 mm and 220 mm, respectively. In contrast, in Settat soil, 4 MPa resistance was reached at 380 mm, and resistance showed the best linear relationship with depth. Root density decreased with increasing depth. At Settat, the root density of three cultivars was compared at 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm. For the cultivar Haurani, 27% of the roots reached 400 mm, while only 16 and 9% did so for Cham1 and Karim, respectively. Root performance of 103 durum wheat genotypes was assessed at 400 mm depth. Root density varied between 380 and 2568 roots/m2 In addition, principal component analysis of some agrophysiological parameters for the 103 genotypes showed significant genotypic variation. The early maturing genotypes were dwarf and produced small spikes, and 47% of them exhibited less than 1200 roots/m2
Sensitivities of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and a Green/Red Ratio Index to Cotton Ground Cover Fraction
Authors: Ritchie G. L. , Sullivan D. G. , Vencill W. K. , Bednarz C. W. , Hook J. E.
Published: April 2010

Vegetation indices based solely on visible reflectance may simplify and decrease the cost of crop growth estimates compared to visible and near‐infrared (NIR) indices. Ground‐based and aerial visible and visible/NIR vegetation indices based on aerial images were compared for sensitivity to ground cover fraction (GCF) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under four irrigation treatments in 2004 and five treatments in 2005 and 2006. In‐season cotton imagery was collected using an unmodified Nikon COOLPIX 4300 camera and a COOLPIX 4300 camera modified for NIR imaging attached to a tethered blimp. GCF imagery was collected at 45 to 60 m and compared with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and green/red ratio values from imagery collected at 180 to 250 m. Ground‐based (1.5 m) spectrometer NDVI measurements using multiple spectral regions were also evaluated. Spectrometer (r2 = 0.40 to 0.80) and camera (r2 = 0.68 to 0.90) indices were highly correlated with season‐wide GCF between fractions of 0.20 and 0.80 and were sensitive to irrigation treatments. Camera green/red ratio was linearly correlated with GCF throughout the 3 yr. The pooled comparison for the 3 yr was strongly linear (r2 = 0.86). Our results suggest that the green/red ratio index might allow quick, simple, and accurate crop growth estimates for production.
Introgression of Root‐Knot Nematode Resistance into Tetraploid Cottons
Authors: Roberts P. A. , Ulloa M.
Published: April 2010

Root‐knot nematode (RKN) resistance introgression into tetraploid cotton (Gossypium spp.) and its ancestral genome origin were examined. Resistance sources (‘Acala NemX’, ‘Clevewilt 6’, Auburn 623 RNR) were compared with diverse germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from chromosomes 7, 11, and 14 and DNA sequence information. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed for mean root galling index (GI; scale 0–10) between the 56 resistant and susceptible entries. In resistance sources, GI ranged from 0.3 to 2.9, but no consistent differences were observed at allele‐marker or DNA sequence level. Except for CIR316 allele (206–207 bp) on chromosome 11, no alleles from other SSRs were observed on resistant entries (GI < 3). Allotetraploid G. hirsutum L. (AD1) and G. barbadense L. (AD2) showing the same SSR marker alleles as G. arboreum L. (A2) might suggest resistance introduction from the diploid cotton A2 genome (genetic distance 0.19 to 0.27). However, percent sequence identity from MUCS088 and CIR316 revealed G. barbadense and resistant G. hirsutum (206–207 bp) also were close to diploids G. herbaceum L. (A1), G. thurberi Tod. (D1), and G. trilobum (DC.) Skovst. (D8). Other G. hirsutum DNA sequences were closer to G. raimondii Ulbr. (D5). These analyses indicated resistance introgression into G. hirsutum allotetraploid cottons occurred by artificial hybridization with ancestral genome origin from G. arboreum as well as G. thurberi and not during cotton genome evolution.
Identification of QTLs Associated with Partial Resistance to White Mold in Soybean Using Field‐Based Inoculation
Authors: Huynh T. T. , Bastien M. , Iquira E. , Turcotte P. , Belzile F.
Published: April 2010

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary can be an important cause of yield loss in soybean. Only partial resistance to this disease has been found to date, and little is known about the loci contributing to this resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with partial resistance to white mold progression on the main stem. One hundred eighty F4–derived lines from a cross between a partially resistant cultivar, Maple Donovan, and a susceptible cultivar, OAC Bayfield, were tested for resistance to white mold under field conditions with (2003 and 2004) or without irrigation (2005 and 2006). The resistance of the lines was assessed by measuring the length of lesions 7 d after inoculation with a mycelial suspension. These lines were genotyped with 128 simple sequence repeat markers, and three QTLs associated with lesion length were detected consistently (in at least three of the four trials). Two of the QTLs were located on LG C2 (chromosome 6) and the third was on LGI (chromosome 20). In these genomic regions, the favorable alleles came from Maple Donovan and contributed to a decrease in lesion length. Together, they accounted for 30.7 to 50.9% of lesion length variation across year trials. Selective phenotyping of 26 lines carrying contrasting alleles at these QTLs in four additional environments resulted in significant phenotypic contrasts between the two genotypic classes.
UK Research Fundersâ€™ Policies for the Management of Information Outputs
Authors: Jubb Michael
Published: April 2010

A successful research and innovation system depends on the open exchange of ideas, information and knowledge. But both research methods and the scholarly communications system are undergoing fundamental changes which present new opportunities and challenges in communicating the results of research. Funders are at different stages in responding to these changes, and this in turn presents challenges to researchers and research institutions. This paper reports on the findings of a study undertaken in 2006 into the policies, practices and views of a range of the major funders of research in the UK in relation to the management of the information outputs generated with the benefit of their support. It covers the full range of information outputs, including journal articles and monographs, but also other outputs, including data, that are not generally published in traditional form. The article also presents conclusions as to issues that need to be addressed in the development of a coherent and consistent policy framework for the future.
Multi-video summarization using complex graph clustering and mining
Authors: Shao Jian , Jiang Dongming , Wang Mengru , Chen Hong , Yao Lu
Published: April 2010

Multi-video summarization is a great theoretical and technical challenge due to the wider diversity of topics in multi-video than singlevideo as well as the multi-modality nature of multi-video over multidocument. In this paper, we propose an approach to analyze both visual and textual features across a set of videos and to create a so-called circular storyboard composed of topic-representative keyframes and keywords. We formulate the generation of circular storyboard as a problem of complex graph clustering and mining, in which each separated shot from visual data and each extracted keyword from speech transcripts are first structured into a complex graph and grouped into clusters; hidden topics in the representative keyframes and keywords are then mined from clustered complex graph while at the same time maximizing the coverage of the summary over the original video set. We also design experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and the proposed approach shows a better performance than two other storyboard baselines.
A retrieval method for human Mocap data based on biomimetic pattern recognition
Authors: Wei Xiaopeng , Xiao Boxiang , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2010

A retrieval method for human Mocap (Motion Capture) data based on biomimetic pattern recognition is presented in this paper. BVH rotation channels are extracted as features of motion for both the retrieval instance and the motion data. Several hyper sausage neurons are constructed according to the retrieval instance, and the trained domain covered by these hyper sausage neurons can be considered as the distribution range of a same kind of motions. By use of CMU free motion database, the retrieval algorithm has been implemented and examined, and the experimental results are illustrated. At the same time, the main contributions and limitations are discussed.
A content-based dynamic load-balancing algorithm for heterogeneous web server cluster
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xiao-Ping Li , Yuan Su
Published: April 2010

According to the different requests of Web and the heterogeneity of Web server, the paper presents a content-based loadbalancing algorithm. The mechanism of this algorithm is that a corresponding request is allocated to the server with the lowest load according to the degree of effects on the server and a combination of load state of server. Besides, apply a method of random distributing base-probability to assign each request to an appropriate server in terms of their weight. All the parameters that will be used in the algorithm can be acquired by simulated test. Experimental results suggest that this algorithm can balance the load of web server clusters effectively, make full use of the existing source of software and hardware, highly improve the server's performance, and even make the best use of the web server.
Preference and performance of the gypsy moth cater­pillars on sweet chestnut and some oak species
Authors: Milanovic Slobodan
Published: April 2010

In the establishment of mixed plantations, it is necessary to examine previously the relations of the principal and the admixed species and the most significant pests. This paper presents the results of the study of the gypsy moth caterpillar preference and performance on sweet chestnut and four oak species. Preference index is the highest for Hungarian oak (0.83) and Turkey oak (0.77), for sessile oak it is significantly lower (0.33), and for common oak it is equal to 0. In combination with sweet chestnut, the gypsy moth second-instar caterpillars prefer Hungarian oak, i.e. Turkey oak leaves. In combination with sessile oak or common oak, the gypsy moth caterpillars prefer sweet chestnut leaves. The analyzed parameters which characterise the performance of the gypsy moth fourth-instar caterpillars are lower for all study oak species compared to sweet chestnut, except in the case of Turkey oak. Based on the study results and the adopted principle that the mixture should be composed of the most favourable species, which will serve as the 'trap plant' during the gypsy moth outbreak, it can be concluded that Turkey oak is more favourable for the mixture with sweet chestnut than the other analyzed oak species.
Adaptability of Paulownia tomentosa (thumb.) Sieb. et Zucc. on green areas in Belgrade
Authors: Stojicic Djurdja , Ocokoljic Mirjana , Obratov-Petkovic Dragica
Published: April 2010

The taxa with the improved esthetical characteristics, increased or decreased productivity, higher resistance to diseases, insect attacks, air pollution, as well as with optimal adaptability in urban coenoses are of great importance to land?scape architecture, horticulture and forestry. The criteria for the selection of individual plants out of the number of many individuals depend on their future usage, but also on their esthetical features, morphology and physiology. One of the species that fulfils the above criteria is Paulownia tomentosa (Thumb.) Sieb. et Zucc. Different morphophysiological features of royal paulownia cultivated on green areas in Banovo Brdo, Dorcol, Tasmajdan, Novi Beograd and Zemun are analyzed. The study results prove the adaptability of royal paulownia on green areas in Belgrade, but also the need to select the parent trees with the best combining features prior to production, aiming at the improvement and production of planting material for urban coenoses and specific-purpose plantations of this species.
Hate crimes
Authors: Kovacevic Milica
Published: April 2010

There is not much interest for the subject of hate crime in our literature. In the article, the author defines hate crime, based on the facts mainly from the Anglosaxon literature, and tries to explain the origin of prejudice. There is a description of factors which can be the cause for these crimes to occur. The author highlights the importance of preventing bias motivated crime. The article ends with some propositions about how to fight hate crimes.
Realizability and automatic realizability of Galois groups of order 32
Authors: Grundman Helen , Smith Tara
Published: April 2010

This article provides necessary and sufficient conditions for each group of order 32 to be realizable as a Galois group over an arbitrary field. These conditions, given in terms of the number of square classes of the field and the triviality of specific elements in related Brauer groups, are used to derive a variety of automatic realizability results.
Basis properties of a fourth order differential operator with spectral parameter in the boundary condition
Authors: Aliyev Ziyatkhan
Published: April 2010

We consider a fourth order eigenvalue problem containing a spectral parameter both in the equation and in the boundary condition. The oscillation properties of eigenfunctions are studied and asymptotic formulae for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are deduced. The basis properties in L
p(0; l); p ∈ (1;∞); of the system of eigenfunctions are investigated.
Infinite dimensional linear groups with many G — invariant subspaces
Authors: Kurdachenko Leonid , Sadovnichenko Alexey , Subbotin Igor
Published: April 2010

Let F be a field, A be a vector space over F, GL(F, A) be the group of all automorphisms of the vector space A. A subspace B of A is called nearly G-invariant, if dimF(BFG/B) is finite. A subspace B is called almost G-invariant, if dim
F(B/Core
G(B)) is finite. In the current article, we study linear groups G such that every subspace of A is either nearly G-invariant or almost G-invariant in the case when G is a soluble p-group where p = char
F.
On an approximation processes in the space of analytical functions
Authors: Gadjiev Akif , Ghorbanalizadeh Arash
Published: April 2010

In this paper we obtain various approximation theorems by means of k-positive linear operators defined on the space of all analytic functions on a bounded domain of the complex plane.
Topological K-equivalence of analytic function-germs
Authors: Alvarez Sérgio , Birbrair Lev , Costa João , Fernandes Alexandre
Published: April 2010

We study the topological K-equivalence of function-germs (ℝn, 0) → (ℝ, 0). We present some special classes of piece-wise linear functions and prove that they are normal forms for equivalence classes with respect to topological K-equivalence for definable functions-germs. For the case n = 2 we present polynomial models for analytic function-germs.
The isomorphism relation between tree-automatic Structures
Authors: Finkel Olivier , Todorčević Stevo
Published: April 2010

An ω-tree-automatic structure is a relational structure whose domain and relations are accepted by Muller or Rabin tree automata. We investigate in this paper the isomorphism problem for ω-tree-automatic structures. We prove first that the isomorphism relation for ω-tree-automatic boolean algebras (respectively, partial orders, rings, commutative rings, non commutative rings, non commutative groups, nilpotent groups of class n ≥ 2) is not determined by the axiomatic system ZFC. Then we prove that the isomorphism problem for ω-tree-automatic boolean algebras (respectively, partial orders, rings, commutative rings, non commutative rings, non commutative groups, nilpotent groups of class n ≥ 2) is neither a Σ21-set nor a Π21-set.
Fast Capitalism, School Reform, and Second Language Literacy Practices
Authors: Gebhard Meg
Published: April 2010

This 2-year qualitative study explores the ironies of educational reform in the United States as experienced by three second language learners attending a school attempting to transform itself into a high-performance elementary school in California's Silicon Valley. Drawing on the concept of ‘fast capitalism’ in a globalized economic work order (Gee, Hull, & Lankshear, 1996) and the tools of critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1989), the findings from this investigation reveal that the discourses of school reform in the United States visibly and invisibly placed second language learners in new highly vulnerable positions. In what follows I provide an analysis of this vulnerability by relating the experiences of three families and their attempts to enrol and stay enrolled in the school of their choice. Next, I provide a critical analysis of the discourses of reading and writing instruction and of a text produced by a focal student named Alma in this context. This analysis highlights the ways in which classroom literacy practices inadvertently constrained the efforts of second language learners to acquire academic literacies and ultimately legitimated the school's decision to declare Alma ‘not Web material.’ The implications of this study relate to better understanding classroom SLA from a historical, institutional perspective and to supporting teachers and policy makers in addressing the needs of second language learners in a time of rapid social and economic change.
A Comparison of Output Interventions and Un-enhanced Reading Conditions on Vocabulary Acquisition and Text Comprehension
Authors: Rott Susanne
Published: April 2010

This investigation assessed whether L2 readers' sensitivity towards a new lexical form is heightened if they are repeatedly pushed to produce output and are immediately provided with relevant input in input-output cycles. In addition, the study sought to assess how these interventions influence text comprehension. Fourth-semester learners read three texts, with four target words each, under the following conditions: (a) cued-output task, (b) self-selected output task, and (c) un-enhanced (control) reading. Results showed that four input-output cycles did not contribute to retain more or more robust form-meaning connections (FMCs) than the normal reading condition. In all three conditions, FMCs varied in strength and completeness, requiring different cues for retrieval. The two input-output tasks affected text comprehension differently. The self-selected output task resulted in text comprehension similar to the un-enhanced reading; the cued-output task seemed to interfere with text comprehension.
Le journal de bord comme outil de réflexion dans la classe d'anglais langue seconde du primaire: Qu'en pensent les premiers concernés?
Authors: Simard Daphnée
Published: April 2010

Cet article fait état d'une recherche visanta à explorer les perceptions de jeunes francophones de sixième année primaire apprenant l'anglais langue seconde (ALS) relativement à l'utilisation du journal de bord (JB). Les participants (n = 54) provenaient de deux classes intactes (groupe Enrichi et groupe Régulier). Un questionnaire a été passé aux participants après deux mois d'utilisation du journal de bord. Un pré-test et un post-test ont été utilisés afin d'observer l'effet de l'utilisation du JB sur la capacité de réflexion métalinguistique des participants ainsi que sur leur acquisition de l'ALS. Les réponses fournies ont révélé que bien que la majorité des participants ait aimé utiliser le JB, une plus grande proportion d'entre eux provenait du groupe Enrichi. Elles mettent également en lumière qu'une plus grande proportion de participants provenant du groupe Enrichi a observé un effet positif de l'utilisation du JB sur leur acquisition de l'anglais L2 et que cette observation s'est avérée juste.
L2 Reading Proficiency and Lexical Inferencing by University EFL Learners
Authors: Bengeleil Nazmia , Paribakht T.
Published: April 2010

This article reports on an introspective study that examined the effect of EFL learners' L2 reading proficiency on their L2 lexical inferencing while reading an English expository text. The knowledge sources and contextual cues they used in the process, the level of success they achieved, and their rate of learning and retention of the inferred target words are examined. A taxonomy of the knowledge sources used by the participants of the study and illustrative examples are presented. The findings of the study are discussed in light of previous research, and some pedagogical implications are suggested.
End-of-Row Effects on Peanut Yield Tests1
Authors: Smith O. D. , Simpson C. E. , Howard E. R.
Published: April 2010

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield test plots are often trimmed to standard row lengths early in the growing season. This might bias selection if cultivars differ in end-of-row effects. Terminal, sub-terminal, and center row sections of 2-row plots 5 m in length were harvested separately to ascertain relative end-of-row competition effects. Data were collected on two cultivars each of Spanish, runner, and Virginia market types from irrigated and non-irrigated yield tests at each of two locations for two years. Significant end-of-row effects were observed for all cultivars with the greater effect on the Virginia and runner cultivars in non-irrigated tests. Row section × location, irrigation, and market type interactions were significant (P = .0001) but the cultivar within market type × row section interaction was not significant (P = .05) when averaged over tests. Yield component analyses from two tests indicated that higher unit area yields of terminal compared to center row segments resulted from increased pod numbers. Pod and 100-seed weight of mature, two-segmented pods from terminal row sections were less than for center-of-row sections. Disproportionate end-of-row effects among the cultivars on total row yield were not sufficient in this test to cause significant selection misclassifications, if comparisons are made within Spanish and Virginia botanical types.
Effectiveness of Stratified Mass Selection for Yield in Intrasubspecific and Intersubspecific Crosses of Peanut1
Authors: Holley R. N. , Wynne J. C.
Published: April 2010

Methods of broadening the genetic base of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) generally involve crosses of exotic germplasm with locally adapted cultivars. Broadening the genetic base effectively requires the evaluation of a large number of crosses and lines within crosses. Mass selection within a cross in early generation, as opposed to single seed descent or bulk breeding methods, eliminates many undesirable segregates from crosses of exotic with adapted germplasm. In this study five plant introductions, representing different levels of diversity, were crossed with an adapted Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) breeding line. Twelve high and 12 low yielding plants in the F2 generation of each cross were selected with a high and low selection being made from among 10 plants grown in sixteen 12-plant rows. The selected material was increased and evaluated in F4 generation yield trials at two locations. Stratified mass selection for higher seed yield was effective for both intersubspecific crosses but was only effective for one of the three intrasubspecific crosses. Confounding effects of meat content with seed yield and the small number of F2 plants evaluated may be partially responsible for the lack of effective selection for two of the intrasubspecific crosses. Selection for higher seed yield separated the F2 plants into two groups for meat content with the selections for high seed yield having higher meat content. However, the high and low selections, when evaluated in the F4 generation, were not different for meat content except for one intrasubspecific cross.
Importance of Seed Transmission in The Spread of Cylindrocladium Crotalariae1
Authors: Porter D. Morris , Mozingo R. Walton
Published: April 2010

Cylindrocladium crotalariae, which causes Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), can be isolated at a low frequency from nondamaged peanut seed (seed size ≥6.4 × 25.4 mm slotted screen) not treated with a seed protectant fungicide. Peanut seed obtained from peanut fields in Suffolk, VA, and Martin County, NC, where CBR was severe in 1985 were infected at a frequency of 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Cylindrocladium crotalariae was isolated at twice the frequency from pieces of seed than from whole seed. However, C. crotalariae was not isolated from seed treated for 2 weeks with a seed protectant (DCNA + captan). The fungus was not isolated from seed devoid of testae or seed embryos, but was isolated from seed testae at a frequency of 0.4%. Discolored seed (≥6.4 × 25.4 mm) were infected at a frequency of 7.9%, but following seed treatment, the isolation frequency dropped to zero. Discolored seed measuring < 6.4 × 25.4 mm were infected with C. crotalariae at a frequency often exceeding 10%.
Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1
Authors: Arrendell S. , Wynne J. C. , Elkan G. H. , Schneeweis T. J.
Published: April 2010

Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ.

It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.
A Comprehensive Breeding Procedure Utilizing Recurrent Selection for Peanuts1
Authors: Monteverde-Penso E. , Wynne J. C. , Isleib T. G. , Mozingo R. W.
Published: April 2010

A comprehensive breeding procedure for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) consisting of three stages — till development of a genetically broad-based virginia-type population, recurrent selection without extensive crossing for continued population improvement, and isolation of pure lines from high yielding families at each cycle of selection was initiated in 1974. Forty S1 families in S3 generation were selected from each cycle of selection. Only five families from cycle 0 outyielded the check cultivar. Florigiant, whereas yield of all selected families from the next two cycles exceeded the yield of Florigiant. Pure lines isolated from high yielding cycle 0 families have yielded more than Florigiant in advanced yield trials. Use of this procedure provides a systematic approach in developing higher yielding peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base.