bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The XK plasma membrane scramblase and the VPS13A cytosolic lipid transporter for ATP‐induced cell death
Authors: Ryoden Yuta , Nagata Shigekazu
Published: August 2022

Extracellular ATP released from necrotic cells in inflamed tissues activates the P2X7 receptor, stimulates the exposure of phosphatidylserine, and causes cell lysis. Recent findings indicated that XK, a paralogue of XKR8 lipid scramblase, forms a complex with VPS13A at the plasma membrane of T cells. Upon engagement by ATP, an unidentified signal(s) from the P2X7 receptor activates the XK‐VPS13A complex to scramble phospholipids, followed by necrotic cell death. P2X7 is expressed highly in CD25+CD4+ T cells but weakly in CD8+ T cells, suggesting a role of this system in the activation of the immune system to prevent infection. On the other hand, a loss‐of‐function mutation in XK or VPS13A causes neuroacanthocytosis, indicating the crucial involvement of XK‐VPS13A‐mediated phospholipid scrambling at plasma membranes in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and red blood cell systems.
Synthesis of mesoporous SiO2 coating containing chlorine phenol–formaldehyde resin (Cl–PFR) composites for effective fingerprint detection
Authors: Yang Ping , Sun Wei , Zhang Zikuan , Xing Honglong
Published: August 2022

As a type of nonmetals fluorescent reagent, the described chlorine phenol–formaldehyde resin (Cl–PFR) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a facile method. The as‐synthesized Cl–PFR NPs can emit strong green fluorescence emission under 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As mesoporous silica (MSN) NPs have a large specific area, strong adsorption, and uniform dispersion, MSN‐coated Cl–PFR composites were prepared by mixing Cl–PFR and MSN NPs together. The as‐synthesized multifunctional composites combining the advantages of the green fluorescence of Cl–PFR, and the strong adhesion of MSN was applied to detect potential fingerprints. Different base fingerprints (glass, paper, aluminium sheets, rough stones, tape) could be clearly observed in the presence of the Cl–PFR@MSN–NH2 composites. Furthermore, fingerprints that had been aged for 3 months and washed with water several times could also be clearly displayed using the multifunctional composites. This study provided a simple, economical, and nontoxic fluorescent reagent for application in fingerprint detection.
An LC–ESI–MS/MS assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of 15 antiseizure medications in plasma of children with epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Xia Ying , Guo Hong‐Li , Hu Ya‐Hui , Wen Xiao‐Yi , Chen Jing , Lu Xiao‐Peng , Wang Shan‐Shan , Qiu Jin‐Chun , Chen Feng
Published: August 2022

Oral antiseizure medications are the preferred option for the clinical treatment of epilepsy. Therapeutic drug monitoring has become an important means of achieving individualized treatment of epilepsy. A sensitive, accurate and rapid LC–ESI–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 15 antiseizure medications in human plasma (carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin, phenytoin, zonisamide, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, lamotrigine, topiramate, phenobarbital, lacosamide, primidone, 10,11‐Dihydro‐10‐hydroxy carbamazepine, ethosuximide, and levetiracetam). The sample preparation procedure was an one‐step protein precipitation with methanol. Mass detection was performed in ionization polarity switching mode (positive–negative–positive) using multiple reaction monitoring mode. A “boot‐shaped” gradient elution program was applied to separate and concentrate those target analytes, resulting in symmetrical peak shapes within 10 min, without endogenous interference. The method showed great linearity over the concentration ranges with acceptable correlation coefficients (0.9966–0.9996). The precision and accuracy values for intra‐ and inter‐assays were within ±15%. Consequently, the method was successfully implemented on pediatric patients undergoing mono‐ or polytherapy for epilepsy and provided timely concentration results to ordering clinicians.
Multidisciplinary approaches to gliosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Labak Collin M. , Rabah Nicholas M. , Kipke Jasmine P. , Mahajan Uma V. , Labak Kyle B. , Ali S. Ahmed , Fowler Nicole , Sloan Andrew E.
Published: August 2022

A 58‐year‐old right‐handed man presented to our tertiary care center with gliosarcoma (GS) infiltration through the dura, skull, and soft tissue. Patient had a previous history of right temporal GS, with four intracranial surgeries prior to presentation. A multidisciplinary approach was used to treat the lesion and perform reconstruction.
The Effects of Material Extrusion Printing Speed on the Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Black/Polylactic Acid Electrodes**
Authors: Shergill Ricoveer Singh , Patel Bhavik Anil
Published: August 2022

Material extrusion printing process can make electrodes and electronic components at any geometry and has provided a reproducible approach towards the fabrication of conductive carbon thermoplastic composite parts. Printing parameters can have a significant influence on the conductivity of the printed part, however limited studies have focused on understanding the impact of printing parameters. Our study explored the influence of printing speed on the electrochemical activity of 3D printed carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) electrodes. We made CB/PLA at print speeds ranging from 20 to 100 mm/s and evaluated the performance of these electrodes using cyclic voltammetry and through imaging. Electrodes made using 60 mm/s printing speed had the greatest current and electron transfer kinetics. Electrodes made using higher and lower printing speeds were more resistive. This study is the first to demonstrate the significant impact that printing speed can have on the electrochemical activity of 3D printed CB/PLA electrodes. The implications of this study are important when defining the 3D printing manufacturing process of electrodes and electronic components.
Direct Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Substituted Isocoumarins and Phthalides through Palladium Acetate Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Activation in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Aloia Andrea , Casiello Michele , D'Accolti Lucia , Fusco Caterina , Nacci Angelo , Monopoli Antonio
Published: August 2022

A novel Pd‐catalysed oxidative coupling between benzoic acids and vinylarenes or acrylates to furnish isocoumarins and phthalides is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly in molten tetrabutylammonium acetate via a selective C−H bond activation, with very low percentage of ligand‐free palladium acetate as the catalyst, under atmospheric pressure of oxygen. Sub‐stoichiometric amount of copper acetate is also required as a reoxidant for the palladium.
Assessment of the compliance, influencing factors, and yielding results of liver cancer screening in a high‐risk population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cao Maomao , Li He , Sun Dianqin , He Siyi , Yang Fan , Yan Xinxin , Zhang Shaoli , Zha Zhenqiu , Zhou Jinyi , Luo Pengfei , Gong Jiyong , Ma Hengmin , Zhang Shaokai , Sun Xibin , Xia Changfa , Peng Ji , Chen Wanqing
Published: August 2022

Background

The participation and results for liver cancer screening are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the participation rates and factors affecting participation rates as well as to report the detection rate for liver cancer in an organized screening program.

Methods

The organized screening program for liver cancer was conducted in 12 rural sites. The risk of developing liver cancer was initially evaluated for each participant. High‐risk individuals were offered α‐fetoprotein measurement and ultrasonography examination. Potential risk factors associated with the participation rate were screened by fitted generalized linear mixed logistic regression models through reporting odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

Results

A total of 358,662 eligible participants completed the basic surveys, and 54,745 were evaluated to be at high risk of liver cancer. Of these high‐risk individuals, 40,543 accepted the screening services. Determinants of participation for screening behavior included older age, being female, being positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, having a family history of liver cancer, chronic depression, and low income. The detection rate for liver cancer was estimated to be 0.41% (95% CI, 0.35–0.48).

Conclusions

This study reported several significant factors associated with the screening behaviors for liver cancer.

Lay Summary

Participation rate and results for liver cancer screening in rural areas are rarely reported.

The determinants associated with adherence rates and early detection rate of liver cancer in an organized screening program for liver cancer were assessed.

A possible positive correlation between the participation rates and the early detection rate was observed among attendees of screening. These new finds could be beneficial to increasing the participation rate of screening.
Perceptions of patient disease burden and management approaches in systemic mastocytosis: Results of the TouchStone Healthcare Provider Survey
Authors: Mesa Ruben A. , Sullivan Erin M. , Dubinski David , Carroll Brittany , Slee Valerie M. , Jennings Susan V. , Finnerty Celeste C. , Bohannon Linda S. , Mathias Susan D. , Lahue Betsy J. , Castells Mariana C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare clonal neoplasm driven by the KIT D816V mutation and has a broad range of debilitating symptoms. In this study, the authors evaluated SM disease perceptions and management strategies among US health care providers (HCPs).

Methods

Hematologist/oncologist (H/O) HCPs and allergist/immunologist (A/I) HCPs who were treating four or more patients with SM completed an online, 51‐item TouchStone HCP Survey, which queried provider characteristics, perceptions of disease burden, and current management. Descriptive analyses by specialty and SM subtype were performed.

Results

Of 304 HCPs contacted, 111 (37%) met eligibility criteria, including 51% A/I specialists and 49% H/O specialists. On average, the HCPs had 14 years of practice experience and cared for 20 patients with SM. A/I HCPs saw more patients with nonadvanced SM (78%) compared with H/O HCPs, who saw similar proportions of patients with nonadvanced SM (54%) and advanced SM (46%). HCPs reported testing 75% of patients for the KIT D816V mutation and found an estimated prevalence of 47%. On average, HCPs estimated 8 months between symptom onset and SM diagnosis. HCPs reported that 62% of patients with indolent SM felt depressed or discouraged because of symptoms. In terms of treatment goals for SM, both types of specialists prioritized symptom improvement for nonadvanced SM and improved survival for advanced SM while also prioritizing improving patient quality of life.

Conclusions

Both A/I and H/O specialists highlighted unmet needs for patients with SM. The HCPs surveyed reported a lower rate of KIT D816V mutations and a perceived shorter time between symptom onset and SM diagnosis compared with published estimates.

Lay summary

Specialists treating systemic mastocytosis (SM) completed a 51‐item questionnaire about their clinical practices and perceptions of disease impact.

The study included 111 hematology, oncology, allergy, and immunology physicians.

Physicians reported that most patients had nonadvanced disease, yet SM symptoms significantly disrupted their patients' lives.

Physicians estimated that SM is diagnosed within months of symptom onset, in contrast with published reports of years' long delays reported by patients with SM.

This study identified unmet needs that can inform educational and patient management priorities in this rare disease.
Biomechanical analysis of lumbar nonfusion dynamic stabilization using a pedicle screw‐based dynamic stabilizer or an interspinous process spacer
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhang Chi , Zhang Dong‐Xiang , Guo Li‐Xin , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of two widely used nonfusion posterior dynamic stabilization (NPDS) devices, pedicle screw‐based dynamic stabilizer (PSDS) and interspinous process spacer (IPS), on biomechanics of the implanted lumbar spine under static and vibration loadings. The finite element model of healthy human lumbosacral segment was modified to incorporate NPDS device insertion at L4–L5 segment. Bioflex and DIAM were used as PSDS‐based and IPS‐based NPDS devices, respectively. As a comparison, lumbar interbody fusion with rigid stabilization was also simulated at L4–L5. For static loading, segmental range of motion (ROM) of the models under moments of four physiological motions was computed using hybrid testing protocol. For vibration loading, resonant modes and dynamic stress of the models under vertical excitation were extracted through random response analysis. The results showed that compared with the rigid fusion model, ROM of the nonfusion models was higher at L4–L5 level but lower at adjacent levels (L1– L2, L2–L3, L3–L4, L5–S1). Compared with the Bioflex model, the DIAM model produced higher ROM at L4–L5 level but lower ROM at adjacent levels, especially under lateral bending and axial rotation; resonant frequency of the DIAM model was slightly lower; dynamic response of nucleus stress at L4–L5 level was slightly higher for the DIAM model, and the dynamic stress at adjacent levels was no obvious difference between the nonfusion models. This study reveals biomechanical differences between the Bioflex and DIAM systems, which may provide references for selecting surgical approaches in clinical practice.
Dephosphorylation of Y228 and Y217 and phosphorylation of Y335 in p120 catenin activate convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation
Authors: Shan Botao , Horton Emma C. , Xu Shan C. , Huntington Kelsey E. , Kawano Dane K. , Mendoza Clemence L. , Lin Laura , Stafford Christopher M. , Allen Emili D. , Huang Joyce , Nakahara Hiroko , Greenstein Lewis E. , Hille Merrill B.
Published: August 2022

Background

The cadherin‐associated protein p120 catenin regulates convergent extension through interactions with cadherin proteins, Cdc42, and Rac1, as we previously showed in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Phosphorylation of p120 catenin changes the nature of its activity in vitro but is virtually unexplored in embryos. We used our previously developed antisense RNA splice‐site morpholino targeted to endogenous p120 catenin‐δ1 to cause defects in axis elongation probing the functions of three p120 catenin tyrosine‐phosphorylation sites in gastrulating zebrafish embryos.

Results

The morpholino‐induced defects were rescued by co‐injections with mouse p120 catenin‐δ1‐3A mRNAs mutated at residues Y228 and Y217 to a non‐phosphorylatable phenylalanine (F) or mutated at residue Y335 to a phosphomimetic glutamic acid (E). Co‐injection of the complementary mutations Y228E, Y217E, or Y335F mRNAs partially rescued embryos whereas dual mutation to Y228E‐Y217E blocked rescue. Immunopurification showed Y228F mutant proteins preferentially interacted with Rac1, potentially promoting cell migration. In contrast, the phosphomimetic Y228E preferentially interacted with E‐cadherin increasing adhesion. Both Y228F and Y335F strongly bind VAV2.

Conclusions

p120 catenin serves dual roles during gastrulation of zebrafish. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues Y217, Y228, and Y335 precisely balance cell adhesion and cell migration to facilitate somite compaction and axis elongation.
Seasonal climatic niche and migration movements of Double‐crested Cormorants
Authors: King D. Tommy , Wang Guiming , Cunningham Fred L.
Published: August 2022

Avian migrants are challenged by seasonal adverse climatic conditions and energetic costs of long‐distance flying. Migratory birds may track or switch seasonal climatic niche between the breeding and non‐breeding grounds. Satellite tracking enables avian ecologists to investigate seasonal climatic niche and circannual movement patterns of migratory birds. The Double‐crested Cormorant (Nannopterum auritum, hereafter cormorant) wintering in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) migrates to the Northern Great Plains and Great Lakes and is of economic importance because of its impacts on aquaculture. We tested the climatic niche switching hypothesis that cormorants would switch climatic niche between summer and winter because of substantial differences in climate between the non‐breeding grounds in the subtropical region and breeding grounds in the northern temperate region. The ordination analysis of climatic niche overlap indicated that cormorants had separate seasonal climatic niche consisting of seasonal mean monthly minimum and maximum temperature, seasonal mean monthly precipitation, and seasonal mean wind speed. Despite non‐overlapping summer and winter climatic niches, cormorants appeared to be subjected to similar wind speed between winter and summer habitats and were consistent with similar hourly flying speed between winter and summer. Therefore, substantial differences in temperature and precipitation may lead to the climatic niche switching of fish‐eating cormorants, a dietary specialist, between the breeding and non‐breeding grounds.
The potential distributions of African Azolla species and their implications for African wetland ecosystems for the future
Authors: Karichu Mwihaki J. , Ngarega Boniface K. , Onjalalaina Guy E. , Kamau Peris , Sessa Emily B.
Published: August 2022

Climate change is predicted to affect species in aquatic ecosystems. In Africa, factors that may influence the responses of aquatic species are poorly studied and challenging to predict. In this study, we examined the potential distribution of three aquatic fern species in the genus Azolla in Africa under projected climate change scenarios. MaxEnt was used to create ecological niche models of the three species using occurrence data and environmental variables. All models had satisfactory AUC and TSS values, indicating high prediction precision (AUC and TSS > 0.801). Results showed that elevation and precipitation were the most important variables limiting the species' expansion in the future. In addition, we observed significant variations in the climatic niches of the three species and their distinct climatically appropriate regions. The current potential distribution ranges for the species varied between 2,328,726 km2 and 4,026,363 km2. According to the model predictions for the current period, the potential range of Azolla species extended outside the known and recorded locations; however, under future climate conditions, the species were projected to lose between 8.1% and 48% of their suitable habitats due to climate change. Our findings can be used to develop sustainable conservation measures for aquatic species and raise awareness about the effects of climate change.
The Contribution of CIRCC Partners to the Birth and Growth of CO2 Chemistry
Authors: Aresta Michele
Published: August 2022

This paper tells the recent history of CO2 chemistry through the contributions from members of CIRCC to its birth and growth. Starting with the first transition metal complex bearing CO2 as a ligand synthesized in 1975 by the Aresta Group in Bari, the mode of bonding and the reactivity of coordinated CO2 are discussed. The early applications in chemo‐thermal, electrolytic, and biotechnological processes, and the use of SC‐CO2 as solvent and reagent are fields in which CIRCC partners have made pioneering contributions and continue to provide essential inputs. The paper is closed by highlighting key issues and challenges at stake, from capture to large‐scale conversion, investment infrastructure, progressive policies and standardized regulations needed to advocate carbon recycling as a pillar of future innovation in energy and chemical industries. CIRCC has been the nest of modern CO2 chemistry and the place where CO2 has always been considered a “resource” rather than a “waste”.
Status quo of pain‐related patient‐reported outcomes and perioperative pain management in 10,415 patients from 10 countries: Analysis of registry data
Authors:   PAIN OUT Research Group Jena,   Chinese PAIN OUT network,   Dutch PAIN OUT network,   Méxican PAIN OUT network,   Serbian PAIN OUT network,   Spanish PAIN OUT network,   French PAIN OUT network,   Italian PAIN OUT network,   Swiss PAIN OUT network,   Irish PAIN OUT network,   Belgian PAIN OUT network, Zaslansky Ruth
Published: August 2022

Background

Postoperative pain is common at the global level, despite considerable attempts for improvement, reflecting the complexity of offering effective pain relief. In this study, clinicians from Mexico, China, and eight European countries evaluated perioperative pain practices and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in their hospitals as a basis for carrying out quality improvement (QI) projects in each country.

Methods

PAIN OUT, an international perioperative pain registry, provided standardized methodology for assessing management and multi‐dimensional PROs on the first postoperative day, in patients undergoing orthopaedic, general surgery, obstetric & gynaecology or urological procedures.

Results

Between 2017 and 2019, data obtained from 10,415 adult patients in 105 wards, qualified for analysis. At the ward level: 50% (median) of patients reported worst pain intensities ≥7/10 NRS, 25% spent ≥50% of the time in severe pain and 20–34% reported severe ratings for pain‐related functional and emotional interference. Demographic variables, country and surgical discipline explained a small proportion of the variation in the PROs, leaving about 88% unexplained. Most treatment processes varied considerably between wards. Ward effects accounted for about 7% and 32% of variation in PROs and treatment processes, respectively.

Conclusions

This comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that many patients in this international cohort reported poor pain‐related PROs on the first postoperative day. PROs and treatments varied greatly. Most of the variance of the PROs could not be explained. The findings served as a basis for devising and implementing QI programmes in participating hospitals.

Significance

In preparation for quality improvement projects, we comprehensively evaluated pain‐related patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and treatment practices of 10,415 adult patients spanning 10 countries. PROs were generally poor. Demographics, country and surgical discipline explained a small proportion of variation for the PROs, about 88% remained unexplained. Treatment practices varied considerably between wards. Ward effects accounted for about 7% and 32% of variation in PROs and treatment processes, respectively. Future studies will aim to identify treatments which are associated with improved outcomes.
Assessing the efficiency implications of renewable fuel policy design in the United States
Authors: Zhong Jia , Khanna Madhu
Published: August 2022

Obligated parties have chosen to comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by increasing the blending of biomass‐based biodiesel beyond originally targeted levels rather than increasing blending/consumption of ethanol to targeted levels that would have required pricing higher blends of ethanol (E85) at or below an energy‐equivalent level to E10. This paper develops a welfare‐economic framework to analyze the extent to which the nested design and the accompanying cellulosic waiver credit and biodiesel tax credit contributed to a compliance strategy by blenders that favored blending of biodiesel instead of inducing consumption of E85, and its implications for social welfare.
In vitro and in vivo local tolerability of a synergistic anti‐tuberculosis drug combination intended for pulmonary delivery
Authors: Ravon Faustine , Menchi Elena , Lambot Coralie , Al Kattar Sahar , Chraibi Selma , Remmelink Myriam , Fontaine Véronique , Wauthoz Nathalie
Published: August 2022

A drug combination, vancomycin (VAN) plus tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), has demonstrated an effective synergistic action in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The poor oral bioavailability of VAN and THL and the predominant tropism of Mtb infection to the lungs make their pulmonary administration very attractive. To evaluate their local tolerability, bronchial cells, alveolar cells and monocytes were exposed to concentrations around and above their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The VAN had no inhibitory activity on the tested human cell lines, even at a concentration 125 times higher than its MIC, whereas the THL, alone or in combination with VAN, presented a cytostatic action. Monolayer epithelium showed no significant irreversible damage at concentrations up to 100 times the combination MIC. BALB/cAnNRj mice exposed to concentration of 50 times the combination MIC delivered endotracheally 3 times a week for 3 weeks showed no clinical signs or significant weight loss. The increase of proinflammatory biomarkers (i.e., IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and proportion of inflammatory cells) and cytotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were non‐significant. Lung histopathology did not show significant tissue damage. The VAN/THL combination at doses up to 50 times the combination MIC is found to be thus well tolerated by pulmonary route. This study is a promising result and encouraging further investigations of pulmonary administration of VAN/THL combination as dry powder for anti‐tuberculosis treatment.
External fields in conceptual density functional theory
Authors: Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank
Published: August 2022

The necessity of the recent incorporation of new external variables in the context of conceptual DFT (CDFT) is discussed based on the ever‐increasing portfolio of experimental reaction conditions in the endeavor of experimentalists to synthesize new molecules with unprecedented properties. Electric and magnetic fields (ε and B), mechanical forces (F), and confinement are proposed as valuable new variables, extending conventional CDFT and its associated response functions. A finite field approach is used to calculate the evolution of both global and local descriptors in a selected series of atomic and molecular applications, and from it derive new response function involving, with one exception, the first derivative to the field considered. The electric field results, displaying, for example, a case of a field‐induced enantioselectivity in the Fukui function, may be instrumental in the recent upsurge of chemistry in oriented external electric fields. The study of atomic electronegativity and hardness in magnetic fields displays a piecewise behavior, associated to configurational jumps upon increasing field strength and reveals an overall compression of their ranges for stronger fields, which may be guiding upon investigating chemistry in extremely high fields like in white dwarfs. The evolution of the electronegativity and hardness of diatomics under mechanical force can elegantly be traced back to differences in their equilibrium distance in the neutral, cationic, and anionic state. The well‐known reduction of the polarizability under confinement can be seen as a fore‐runner of the increasing hardness of atoms under pressure, presently under investigation. Periodicity showing up in a spontaneous way in the variety of properties is a leitmotiv in this study, as well as the interconnections/analogies between the different response functions.
Building Resilience at Work: A Practical Framework for Leaders
Authors: McEwen Kathryn
Published: August 2022

The construct of resilience has become increasingly important given workplace trends in high pressure, frequent change and uncertainty. Leaders have a multi‐faceted role in resilience‐building within organisations. They need to personally invest in the resources that build their own resilience in order to both mitigate against personal burnout and overtly demonstrate resilience to followers. At the same time they need to foster resilience in the teams they lead. Emerging priorities for leaders are explored through the framework of the Resilience at Work Individual Scale, including the need for alignment of personal role modeling with current levels of team functioning. To date, most focus on resilience has been at the individual level, both for leaders and employees. The concept of team resilience is new and emerging, as is the leaders role in developing this. Principles for creating resilient team cultures and leader responsibilities within this are explored through the Resilience at Work Team Scale. The components of this scale are related to common demands experienced by teams postpandemic. Furthermore, the inter‐relationship between employee resilience and the creation of resilient organisations is discussed and identified as an area for future research.
Recent weakening of the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and western North Pacific tropical cyclone season onset date
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhao Haikun , Klotzbach Philip J. , Shi Chunhua , Ma Zhanhong
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the climate drivers of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone season onset date (TCSOD). We find that the interannual relationship between WNP TCSOD and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) varies considerably on interdecadal time scales. The association between TCSOD and ENSO, as measured by the Niño3.4 index, is significant during the first subperiod from 1979 to 1998 (r = .51) but becomes insignificant (r = .01) during the second subperiod from 1999 to 2019. This relationship degradation is mainly due to shifting ENSO conditions with more frequent occurrences of tropical central Pacific ENSO events since the late 1990s. Tropical eastern Pacific ENSO events cause changes in the low‐level large‐scale circulation over the tropical western WNP, where early season WNP TC genesis typically occurs, via a Gill‐type Rossby wave response. Tropical central Pacific ENSO events have a limited impact over this region. These relationships are confirmed by a stable and strong association between tropical eastern Pacific ENSO and TCSOD for the whole period (r = .63) and for the two subperiods (r = .72/r = .56), while the correlation between central Pacific ENSO events and TCSOD is weak for the whole period (r = −.01) and for the two subperiods (r = −.03/r = −.13). We further find that the Pacific meridional mode is a robust indicator of TCSOD over the WNP regardless of shifting ENSO conditions. Results of this study may provide useful information for decadal climate prediction of WNP TCSOD.
The Creative Industries Entrepreneur: An Analysis of Lived Experience
Authors: Patten Tena , Stephens Simon
Published: August 2022

Expanding our understanding of the lived experience of individuals who use their creativity to realize entrepreneurial opportunity is the primary aim of this paper. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used, based on two interviews of one‐hour duration, with eight participants. The key contribution of this research is the recognition of the Creative Industries Entrepreneur. A Creative Industries Entrepreneur is an individual who occupies a space between traditional entrepreneurship theory and established creativity models. The main driving force in opportunity formation for a Creative Industries Entrepreneur is their creative impulse. This pushes them to achieve a personhood, which can reconcile intrinsic impulses with external market forces and social imperatives.
Variation in seagrass meadow respiration measured by aquatic eddy covariance
Authors: Juska Ieva , Berg Peter
Published: August 2022

Accurate daily metabolic estimates of respiration, gross primary production, and net ecosystem metabolism are necessary to assess ecosystem health and blue carbon contributions of vegetated coastal ecosystems. Using our database of 2115 hourly benthic oxygen (O2) fluxes measured by aquatic eddy covariance, we examine how respiration for a Zostera marina seagrass meadow varies through night and day, and how this affects commonly performed metabolic estimates. Respiration decreased linearly by 29% through the night and a corresponding linear increase in daytime respiration coupled with production described by a standard photosynthesis–irradiance curve accurately predicted measured daytime O2 fluxes. Many studies have questioned the widely used assumption in metabolic estimates that nighttime and daytime respiration are constant and equal. However, if respiration can be approximated as we found here by linear relationships, standard means for calculating daily metabolic numbers remain valid if estimates are based on full 24‐h records of flux data.
Surface Nucleation of Dispersed Droplets in Double Semicrystalline Immiscible Blends with Different Matrices
Authors: Wang Wei , Buzzi Simona , Fenni Seif Eddine , Carmeli Enrico , Wang Bao , Liu Guoming , Müller Alejandro J. , Cavallo Dario
Published: August 2022

When a minor semicrystalline phase is dispersed in an immiscible blend with another polymer in the form of isolated droplets, its crystallization behavior is dominated by nucleation. In particular, nucleation can occur in the bulk volume of the phase (homogeneous nucleation), at the surface of possible nucleating foreign impurities, or at the interface with the matrix polymer. Dispersed poly(butene‐1) (PB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) droplet phases are employed in various matrices (isotactic polypropylene (iPP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)). The effect of matrix self‐nucleation on the crystallization of the dispersed droplet phase is then probed. It is shown for all the investigated polymer blends that increasing the matrix crystallization temperature (Tc) via self‐nucleation favors droplet nucleation at the interface, leading to a corresponding increase in the droplets'; Tc. Interestingly, distinct nucleation effects are observed when different polymer matrices are compared. The highest nucleating efficiency is displayed by the polymer pairs, which are known to exhibit epitaxial crystallization from previous literature, namely PB/iPP and PCL/HDPE. The order of nucleation efficiency of the other matrices is thought to be linked with the extent of crystallographic matching between the substrate and nucleating crystals.
Conservative Iron Chelation for Neuroferritinopathy
Authors: Marchand Felix , Moreau Caroline , Kuchcinski Gregory , Huin Vincent , Defebvre Luc , Devos David
Published: August 2022

Background

Neuroferritinopathy is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disease with brain iron accumulation characterized by brain iron overload resulting in progressive movement disorders. No treatment is currently available.

Objective

We assessed conservative iron chelation with deferiprone at 30 mg/kg/day on the disease progression with controlled periods of discontinuation.

Methods

Four patients with confirmed molecular diagnosis of neuroferritinopathy were given deferiprone at different stages of disease progression and with clinical and biological monitoring to control benefit and risk.

Results

The four patients showed slight to high improvement. In one case, we managed to stabilize disease progression for more than 11 years. In another case, we were able to reverse symptoms after a few months of treatment. The earliest the treatment was started, the most efficient it was on disease progression.

Conclusions

Conservative iron chelation should be further assessed in neuroferritinopathy. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
JAK2 rs10974944 is associated with both V617F‐positive and negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in a Vietnamese population: A potential genetic marker
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thy , Hau Bui Bich , Vuong Nguyen Ba , Xuan Nguyen Thi
Published: August 2022

The JAK2 gene encodes for a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in the JAK/STAT signaling transfer pathway. Genetic polymorphisms of this gene have been indicated to be associated with myeloproliferative neoplasm‐associated thrombosis in recent studies. This research aimed to evaluate the association between the variant rs10974944 and different types of Myeloproliferative neoplasms disorders in the Vietnamese population. DNA samples were obtained from 172 essential thrombocythemia patients, 14 primary myelofibrosis patients, 76 polycythemia vera patients, and 192 healthy controls. The JAK2 rs10974944 and V617F genotypes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and Sanger sequencing methods. Results showed that there was a strong association between rs10974944 and Myeloproliferative neoplasms phenotype (p < .0001) and the most significant association was observed in the recessive model of the mutant allele (G). The G allele carriers had a 1.74, 2.86, and 3.03 higher risk of getting essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera, respectively. Interestingly, this effect of rs10974944 seemed to be independent of the JAK2 V617F genotype. The distribution of rs10974944 genotypes were significantly different between V617F‐positive and negative groups (p = .008). Moreover, the GG genotype of rs10974944 was observed to be associated with the risk of getting Myeloproliferative neoplasms both in JAK2 V617F‐positive group, and for the first time in JAK2 V617F‐negative patients. A systematic meta‐analysis in different populations strengthened the evidence regarding the correlation between rs10974944 and myeloproliferative neoplasm disorders. To sum up, our results suggested that rs10974944 can be used as a predisposition screening marker for predicting Myeloproliferative neoplasms susceptibility.
Optimal decay rate of solutions to the two‐phase flow model
Authors: Wu Yakui , Zhang Yue , Tang Houzhi
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the global existence and large time behavior of the three‐dimensional two‐phase flow model derived from the Chapman‐Enskog expansion of the Navier‐Stokes‐Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck equations around the local Maxwellian. When the initial data are a small perturbation of the equilibrium state in
, we prove that the strong solution converges to the equilibrium state at an optimal algebraic rate
in
‐norm. It is observed that due to the dispersion effect of the drag force term, the difference of velocities decays at a faster rate
in
‐norm.
Recent progress in analysis of intermediary metabolism by ex vivo 13C NMR
Authors: Malloy Craig R. , Sherry A. Dean , Alger Jeffry R. , Jin Eunsook S.
Published: August 2022

Advanced imaging technologies, large‐scale metabolomics, and the measurement of gene transcripts or enzyme expression all enable investigations of intermediary metabolism in human patients. Complementary information about fluxes in individual metabolic pathways may be obtained by ex vivo 13C NMR of blood or tissue biopsies. Simple molecules such as 13C‐labeled glucose are readily administered to patients prior to surgical biopsies, and 13C‐labeled glycerol is easily administered orally to outpatients. Here, we review recent progress in practical applications of 13C NMR to study cancer biology, the response to oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride synthesis in patients, as well as new insights into compartmentation of metabolism in the cytosol. The technical aspects of obtaining the sample, preparing material for analysis, and acquiring the spectra are relatively simple. This approach enables convenient, valuable, and quantitative insights into intermediary metabolism in patients.
Usefulness of immunohistochemical diagnosis for squamous cell carcinoma of the dorsum of the tongue: A case report
Authors: Abe Ayaka , Kono Tatsuyuki , Wakamatsu Rina , Kamate Mie , Kawano Kenji
Published: August 2022

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the dorsum of the tongue frequently presents as an exophytic mass mimicking benign lesions.

Case Presentation

We report a case of a 69‐year‐old woman with an exophytic lesion on the dorsum of the tongue. She underwent biopsy twice prior to surgical excision. The biopsy specimens revealed epithelial hyperplasia, and the pathological diagnosis from the surgical material was well‐differentiated SCC. Immunohistochemical findings of cytokeratin 13 (CK13), CK17, Ki‐67, and p53 showed the pre‐neoplastic nature of the hyperplastic epithelia in the biopsy specimens.

Conclusion

Immunohistochemical staining is useful for the diagnosis of exophytic lesions of the dorsum of the tongue.
Prenatally diagnosed coronary artery abnormalities in hypoplastic left heart syndrome are associated with a higher probability of heart transplantation
Authors: Rueda‐de‐Leon Elena , Killen Stacy A. S. , Soslow Jonathan H. , McHugh M. Kelly , Fuchs Sarah R. , Kavanaugh‐McHugh Ann
Published: August 2022

Objective

Coronary artery abnormalities (CA) occur in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and may be associated with higher mortality and heart transplantation (HT). We aimed to determine whether fetuses with HLHS and prenatal CA have a higher risk of death or HT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms with HLHS from 2011 to 2018. We excluded fetuses with ventricular septal defects, elective termination, death in utero, planned postnatal non‐intervention, or absent follow‐up data. Presence or absence of CA was determined by review of serial fetal echocardiograms. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between prenatal CA and death or HT.

Results

Of 86 patients with fetal HLHS, 11 had prenatal diagnosis of CA. Of these, six required HT and five died (one after undergoing HT); only one remains alive without HT. Of those without prenatal CA (n = 75), 25 died and 7 underwent HT. Patients with prenatal diagnosis of HLHS and CA had a significantly increased likelihood of death or HT (p‐value <0.05).

Conclusion

Prenatal diagnosis of CA in our cohort of patients with HLHS was associated with increased risk of death or HT. These data have significance for prenatal counseling and postnatal management.
Impact of connected health interventions on psychological wellbeing and quality of life in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gitonga Isaiah , Desmond Deirdre , Duda Natalia , Maguire Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Objective

Connected health technologies have the potential to improve access to cancer care and support and reduce costs. We aimed to assess the impacts of interventions delivered using connected health technologies on psychological and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in people living with and beyond cancer.

Methods

PUBMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched using terms relating to (i) cancer, (ii) connected health, and (iii) QoL/psychological wellbeing. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions using connected health technologies and assessed psychological and/or QoL outcomes for adults at any stage of cancer treatment or survivorship.

Results

Thirty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 8956 participants. Connected health technologies included web‐based applications (n = 24), smart applications (n = 12), and wearable devices (n = 1). Studies were heterogeneous in terms of intervention components. We identified five clusters: (i) Psychosocial support and rehabilitation, (ii) psychoeducation and information support, (iii) symptom monitoring, reporting and self‐management, (iv) peer and social support, and (v) health coaching and physical activity training. Due to heterogeneity of outcome measures, the meta‐analysis included only seven RCTs; pooled mean estimates showed connected health interventions were moderately effective in reducing symptoms of depression (SMD: −0.226, 95% CI −0.303/−0.149) and anxiety (SMD: −0.188, 95% CI: 0.279/−0.0963) compared with usual care.

Conclusion

While the considerable heterogeneity observed highlights the need for more rigorous studies to improve reproducibility and efficiency, results suggest that connected health interventions have the potential to improve psychological wellbeing and QoL outcomes in people living with and beyond cancer.
Successful synthesis of a glial‐specific blood–brain barrier shuttle peptide following a fragment condensation approach on a solid‐phase resin
Authors: Al Musaimi Othman , Morse Sophie V. , Lombardi Lucia , Serban Simona , Basso Alessandra , Williams Daryl R.
Published: August 2022

Successful manual synthesis of the TD2.2 peptide acting as a blood–brain barrier shuttle was achieved. TD2.2 was successfully synthesised by sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments on solid‐phase settings, after several unsuccessful attempts using the stepwise approach. These fragments were chosen to minimise the number of demanding amino acids (in terms of coupling, Fmoc removal) in each fragment that are expected to hamper the overall synthetic process. Thus, the hydrophobic amino acids as well as Arg(Pbf) were strategically spread over multiple fragments rather than having them congested in one fragment. This study shows how a peptide that shows big challenges in the synthesis using the common stepwise elongation methodology can be synthesised with an acceptable purity. It also emphasises that choosing the right fragment with certain amino acid constituents is key for a successful synthesis. It is worth highlighting that lower amounts of reagents were required to synthesise the final peptide with an identical purity to that obtained by the automatic synthesiser.
A phase II EWMA chart for the balanced one‐way random effects model
Authors: Yao Yuhui , Chakraborti Subhabrata
Published: August 2022

Statistical process control (SPC) techniques are used in applications where more than one sources of variation are present, for example, in a one‐way random effects (variance components) model. The Shewhart control charts for this situation have been studied by several researchers. However, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts are generally recommended in Phase II, as they are more sensitive to detecting smaller process mean shifts. We consider EWMA charts for the one‐way random effects model in the balanced case, properly accounting for the effects of parameter estimation while designing and implementing the control charts. In the sequel we derive and calculate the corrected (adjusted) control limits for Phase II applications. Following the recent literature, the limits are formulated under two perspectives, the unconditional and the conditional. Tabulations of the charting constants are provided under both perspectives along with an illustration with some actual data. A simulation study examining in‐control (IC) robustness performance is conducted under both perspectives. Finally, some conclusions are given. An R package is provided to support deployment of the proposed control chart in practice.
Run sum ratio chart when measurement errors are present
Authors: Abubakar Sani Salihu , Khoo Michael B. C. , Saha Sajal , Umar Adamu Abubakar , Yeong Wai Chung
Published: August 2022

As far as literature of quality control is concerned, this is the first article that advocates the run sum ratio scheme with measurement errors, called the RS‐RZ ME chart. The linear covariate error model is employed in designing the RS‐RZ ME chart in detecting increases and decreases in the ratio of two variables from the normal distribution. The average run length and expected average run length values of the RS‐RZ ME chart are obtained using the Markov chain model. A comparison of the RS‐RZ ME scheme with two measurement errors based charts in the literature, namely, the Shewhart ratio and standard run sum ratio charts is conducted. The results indicate the superiority of the RS‐RZ ME chart over the aforesaid existing charts for most of the shift sizes and shift intervals considered. The findings reveal that as the values of the parameters controlling the accuracy error of the measurement system, increase, the RS‐RZ ME scheme's efficiency increases. In the same vein, as the values of the parameters controlling the precision of the measurement system, decrease, the RS‐RZ ME scheme’ efficiency increases. Furthermore, as the value of the correlation coefficient between variables X and Y increases, the RS‐RZ ME chart's efficiency increases. The application of the RS‐RZ ME scheme is illustrated using data from a food industry.