bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Principals’ Leadership to Develop Teachers’ Professionalism at Madrasah
Authors: Warisno Andi , Hidayah Nur
Published: May 2022

This study sought to explore the principals’ leadership in private Madrasah Aliyah schools on teachers’ professionalism in the learning process. It applied a quantitative approach with a survey method. Fifty-five teachers served as the samples, which were taken from two private schools in the South Lampung region. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Two instruments were constructed: the first is based on the indicators of leadership using talent management from Gallardo-Gallardo & Thunnissen, and the second is based on teacher competence. The r-test, with the assistance of SPSS 25, was applied to analyze the data. The results indicate an influence of the principals’ leadership on teacher competence. This is evidenced by the results of the r-test showing the value of sig. 0.000. This shows a significant relationship between the principals’ leadership and the teachers’  professionalism in Madrasah Aliyah. Leadership is one of the determining factors in improving teachers’ professionalism, school performance, and a conducive learning process.
Emotional engagement in Thai and Japanese insurance advertising: corpus-based keyword analysis
Authors: Svetanant Chavalin , Ballsun-Stanton Brian , Rutherford Attapol T.
Published: May 2022

Advertisements demonstrate patterns of communication that are imagined to be acceptable to the communities at which they are aimed, serving as cultural artefacts that provide insights into shared cultural interpretations and social interactions. Drawing on techniques from corpus linguistics, text linguistics and the Appraisal framework, we conducted an analysis of salient keywords in a collection of Thai and Japanese tv commercials (tvcs) for insurance products in order to identify statistically significant keywords and examine emotional engagement. We reveal how specific keywords and communicative strategies used in the persuasive discourse of the insurance products reflect Thai and Japanese socio-cultural preferences and values. We found that while Thai tvcs demonstrate a higher audience engagement through the use of metadiscourse markers such as engagement markers and emphatics under the theme of moral and family values, Japanese tvcs highlight information-dense content-words, including the extensive use of statistics involving themes of security, health and value propositions.
New devices, systems, technologies and scientific forum at INTERGEO 2021
Authors:   CHC Navigation, GORB A. , TREVOHO I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, ZADOROZHNYY V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2022

Evaluation of the latest technological developments in the field of geodesy, photogrammetry, geoinformatics and information about the scientific conference at the World Geodetic Congress INTERGEO 2021 in Hanover (Germany)and participation in the Congress of Scientists and Specialists of Ukraine.
Geodetic support of the territory of Chernivtsi oblast (history, current state)
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Thevoho I. , SUKHIY P. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, BILOKRYNYTSKIY S. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, DARCHUK K. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the theoretical and scientific-methodical bases of the importance of geodetic support of the territories of the regions, to assess the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans of one or another scale on the existing geodetic network. Methods. To achieve the purpose of the research, the following methods and techniques were used: historical analysis (to study the history of geodetic support), geodetic (to determine the required density of geodetic points when conducting topographic surveys without violating regulations), mathematical (to determine the completion of the geodetic network, assessments of the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans for a particular area), methods of cartography (to display the points of geodetic support) and others. Results. The history of research of geodetic support of the regions of the territory of Ukraine is hundreds of years old, but only, in our opinion, in recent years (the years of independence of Ukraine) they have acquired a scientific character. The analysis of geodetic support of the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is carried out. The possibility of creating topographic maps and plans on the existing geodetic network has been assessed. To create topographic maps and plans in accordance with the requirements of regulations, the necessary completion of the geodetic network on the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is calculated. Scientific novelty. The history of geodetic support of the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is supplemented by its current state, which is based on the “Basic provisions of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine” of 1998, which in 2013 were replaced by “Procedure for building the State Geodetic Network”. On the basis of the current DGM, the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans was assessed. The completion of the points of the geodetic network is calculated according to the requirements of normative documents. Practical meaning. Theoretical generalizations, methodical receptions of the conducted researches can be used during carrying out similar researches in other regions, and concrete results of researches – by the organizations, enterprises, departments which carry out geodetic works in the territory of Chernivtsi oblast.
Current state of the main height basis in the context of characteristics of leveling points Ι and IΙ classes in the western regions of Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Thevoho I. , ILKIV E. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, GALYARNYK M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, ZHYTAR D. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, BOROVYK D. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, DRBAL A. ,   Topographic and Cartographic Institute (Zdiby, Czech Republic)
Published: May 2022

The aim is to analyze the technical characteristics of leveling points to establish their real state in the context of combining the leveling main elevation base of Ukraine with European leveling lines to identify deficiencies and to develop scientific and technical proposals to improve monitoring of leveling lines Ι and II classes on territory of Western Ukraine. Method. For the analysis of technical characteristics of leveling points, which are presented on the geoportal of DGM of Ukraine, methods of statistical analysis are used, which are based on consecutive actions to study and interpret technical characteristics of leveling points in the context of monitoring of level of SMH of Ukraine. Results. The proposed scientific and technical recommendations allow to increase the efficiency of organizational and technological processes, which are the basis for monitoring the state of geodetic points of the DGM of Ukraine, and practically prove the need for scientific and technical developments for monitoring leveling points. Scientific novelty. The performed statistical analysis of the characteristics of leveling points is the basis for the development of the author's scientific, technical and organizational recommendations for monitoring the leveling marks of the DGM of Ukraine for the relevant management structures of the State Geocadastre. It will also reveal the weaknesses of their operation, which are due to different nature of the changes that have accumulated over the long life cycle of leveling points. The set of technical characteristics of points that need refinements or changes is determined, which will increase the efficiency of inspection and updating of leveling points. The practical significance of the work is to analyze the characteristics of leveling points (name, type of center, sign, network class, method of determining coordinates, description, status, previous name, figure), which are presented on the geoportal DGM of Ukraine and located in Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, Chernivtsi regions in order to clarify the current state of leveling points for the development of scientific, technological, organizational recommendations for regional management structures of the State Geocadastre, as well as for specialists who perform inspections and updates of DGM. The results of the research can be used in the future to monitor the condition of the leveling points of the main altitude base of Ukraine.
Methods for determining the planned location of the infrastructure of the destroyed Zvenyhorod castle
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. , VANCHURA R. ,   Western Ukrainian National University, SMOLIY K. ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: May 2022

Aim. The aim of the work is to determine the planned position on the modern space image of the destroyed castle in Zvenigorod, Lviv region and its infrastructure facilities according to archival maps of 18–19 centuries. Method. One of the possible technological schemes for research is offered. The analysis of the realized projects of similar character and in particular, concerning Zvenigorodsky castle is executed. The first stage of the work was to perform geometric correction of input graphics. Geometric correction included the transformation of input graphic data, namely: a space image of Zvenigorod, obtained from the GeoEye-1 satellite in 2017, an archival map vonMiga of the 18th century, a Polish archival map of the 18th century, an archeological research plan under the LODA project. When transforming archival maps, the maximum UPC was 6 pixels or 4.3 dead on the ground. The maximum root mean square error of transformation of modern graphic materials was 1 pixel or 0.5 m off-road. All materials were transformed into MapInfo in the internal orthogonal projection of the Plan-Scheme/Meters program. From archival maps of the 18th century. and from the topographic plan of archeological researches the infrastructure objects of Zvenigorod Castle and the adjacent territory were vectorized. A comparative analysis of vectorized objects based on different time materials was performed. It has been determined that the data of archeological researches differ somewhat from the objects marked on the archival maps, possibly due to the generalization of the maps. But in any case, these objects can not be discarded in further radiometric studies of the area. Results. As a result of the research, a thematic model of a 1:2000 scale photographic plan was created, based on a transformed space image obtained from the GeoEye-1 satellite in 2017. data from the modern topographic plan. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by the museum of the historical and cultural reserve “Ancient Zvenigorod”. These data will be used in the future to determine the vertical displacements of the castle on the basis of radar space images and georadar surveys.
Activities of the Public union “Ukrainian society of geodesy and cartography” for 2017–2021
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Thevoho I. , CHETVERIKOV B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, VANCHURA O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2022

The main results of the activity of the Public Union “Ukrainian Society of Geodesy and Cartography” for five years after the III Congress in 2016 are given. The directions of activity of PU “USGK” and the contribution of the Presidium, divisions, separate organizations, experts, scientists, public figures are covered.
Biomimetic Design and Fabrication of Sericin-Hydroxyapatite Based Membranes With Osteogenic Activity for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Ming Piaoye , Rao Pengcheng , Wu Tianli , Yang Jianghua , Lu Shi , Yang Binbin , Xiao Jingang , Tao Gang
Published: May 2022

The guided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique is a promising treatment for periodontal tissue defects. GTR membranes build a mechanical barrier to control the ingrowth of the gingival epithelium and provide appropriate space for the regeneration of periodontal tissues, particularly alveolar bone. However, the existing GTR membranes only serve as barriers and lack the biological activity to induce alveolar bone regeneration. In this study, sericin-hydroxyapatite (Ser-HAP) composite nanomaterials were fabricated using a biomimetic mineralization method with sericin as an organic template. The mineralized Ser-HAP showed excellent biocompatibility and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal membrane stem cells (hPDLSCs). Ser-HAP was combined with PVA using the freeze/thaw method to form PVA/Ser-HAP membranes. Further studies confirmed that PVA/Ser-HAP membranes do not affect the viability of hPDLSCs. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining (ARS), and RT-qPCR detection revealed that PVA/Ser-HAP membranes induce the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by activating the expression of osteoblast-related genes, including ALP, Runx2, OCN, and OPN. The unique GTR membrane based on Ser-HAP induces the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts without additional inducers, demonstrating the excellent potential for periodontal regeneration therapy.
Effective Force Generation During Mammalian Cell Migration Under Different Molecular and Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Yao Lingxing , Li Yizeng
Published: May 2022

We have developed much understanding of actin-driven cell migration and the forces that propel cell motility. However, fewer studies focused on estimating the effective forces generated by migrating cells. Since cells in vivo are exposed to complex physical environments with various barriers, understanding the forces generated by cells will provide insights into how cells manage to navigate challenging environments. In this work, we use theoretical models to discuss actin-driven and water-driven cell migration and the effect of cell shapes on force generation. The results show that the effective force generated by actin-driven cell migration is proportional to the rate of actin polymerization and the strength of focal adhesion; the energy source comes from the actin polymerization against the actin network pressure. The effective force generated by water-driven cell migration is proportional to the rate of active solute flux and the coefficient of external hydraulic resistance; the energy sources come from active solute pumping against the solute concentration gradient. The model further predicts that the actin network distribution is mechanosensitive and the presence of globular actin helps to establish a biphasic cell velocity in the strength of focal adhesion. The cell velocity and effective force generation also depend on the cell shape through the intracellular actin flow field.
Digital Competencies for Science Teaching: Adapting the DiKoLAN Framework to Teacher Education in Switzerland
Authors: Thoms Lars-Jochen , Colberg Christina , Heiniger Peter , Huwer Johannes
Published: May 2022

Prospective teachers need both general and subject-specific digital competencies. However, available competency frameworks usually address only non-subject-specific general digital competencies. Although the joint framework curriculum of the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland not only provides a comprehensive definition of expected digital student competencies, but also suggestions for linking them to and implementing them in subject lessons, there is still no integral planning and structuring for subject-specific teacher training in the canton of Thurgau. For a curricular design of the promotion of subject-specific digital competencies, three competency frameworks for the study programs Primary level, Secondary level 1, and Secondary level 2 at the Thurgau University of Education were derived in expert interviews based on the DiKoLAN framework (Digital Competencies for Teaching in Science Education). While there are significant overlaps, the original reference framework clearly needs to be adapted. Furthermore, there are important commonalities between the newly formed individual competency frameworks. The methodological approach has proven to be fruitful and is recommended to follow-up studies and studies with similar research questions for imitation.
Super-Enhancer-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01485 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Regulating MiR-619-5p/RUNX2 Axis
Authors: Gu Wenli , Jiang Xiao , Wang Wei , Mujagond Prabhakar , Liu Jingpeng , Mai Zhaoyi , Tang Hai , li Simin , Xiao Hui , Zhao Jianjiang
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the mechanisms of super-enhancer-associated LINC01485/miR-619-5p/RUNX2 signaling axis involvement in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).

Methods

Osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was induced in vitro. The expression levels of LINC01485 and miR-619-5p during osteogenesis were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Osteogenic differentiation was examined by qRT-PCR, western blot, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity measurement, and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining assays. Thereafter, the effects of LINC01485 and miR-619-5p on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were evaluated by performing loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Subsequently, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was employed to determine the cellular localization of LINC01485. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA antisense purification (RAP) assay, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to analyze the interactions of LINC01485, miR-619-5p, and RUNX2. Rescue experiments were performed to further delineate the role of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) signaling axis consisting of LINC01485/miR-619-5p/RUNX2 in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.

Results

The expression of LINC01485 was up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The overexpression of LINC01485 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by up-regulating the expression of osteogenesis-related genes [e.g., runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN)], and increasing the activity of ALP. ALP staining and ARS staining were also found to be increased upon overexpression of LINC01485. The opposing results were obtained upon LINC01485 interference in hBMSCs. miR-619-5p was found to inhibit osteogenic differentiation. FISH assay displayed that LINC01485 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. RAP assay results showed that LINC01485 bound to miR-619-5p, and dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that LINC01485 bound to miR-619-5p, while miR-619-5p and RUNX2 bound to each other. Rescue experiments illustrated that LINC01485 could promote osteogenesis by increasing RUNX2 expression by sponging miR-619-5p.

Conclusion

LINC01485 could influence RUNX2 expression by acting as a ceRNA of miR-619-5p, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The LINC01485/miR-619-5p/RUNX2 axis might comprise a novel target in the bone tissue engineering field.
Evolutionary Genomics Reveals Multiple Functions of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase in Fish
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Jia , Bian Chao , Li Ruihan , You Xinxin , Shi Qiong
Published: May 2022

As an important hormone, melatonin participates in endocrine regulation of diverse functions in vertebrates. Its biosynthesis is catalyzed by four cascaded enzymes, among them, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is the most critical one. Although only single aanat gene has been identified in most groups of vertebrates, researchers including us have determined that fish have the most diverse of aanat genes (aanat1a, aanat1b, and aanat2), playing various potential roles such as seasonal migration, amphibious aerial vision, and cave or deep-sea adaptation. With the rapid development of genome and transcriptome sequencing, more and more putative sequences of fish aanat genes are going to be available. Related phylogeny and functional investigations will enrich our understanding of AANAT functions in various fish species.
Could Mucosal TNF Transcript as a Biomarker Candidate Help Optimize Anti-TNF Biological Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis?
Authors: Cui Guanglin , Florholmen Jon , Goll Rasmus
Published: May 2022

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological therapy has generally been accepted as a standard therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient who are refractory to steroids or immunomodulators. However, the primary and secondary nonresponse rates to anti-TNF bioagents in patients with IBD are high. To improve the response rate, anti-TNF bioagents must be offered to the appropriate IBD patients, and the withdrawal of anti-TNF bioagents needs to be done at the right time. In this context, reliable and reproducible biomarkers can provide important supportive information for clinicians to make correct decisions based on the patient’s individual situation. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of using mucosal TNF transcript (TNF) to improve the precision of anti-TNF biological therapy strategies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Analysis of published literature showed that mucosalTNFcould affect the precision of the early identification of candidates who will benefit from anti-TNF therapy prior to treatment, the assessment of response and mucosal healing, and the prediction of discontinuation of anti-TNF biological therapy and relapse after drug withdrawal. Challenges and limitations of using mucosalTNFas a biomarker in applying individualized anti-TNF biological therapy in patients with UC still remain and need to be further investigated.
Expression of Functional Molecule on Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Associated With HBsAg Loss in HBeAg-Positive Patients During PEG-IFN α-2a Treatment
Authors: Cao Weihua , Xie Si , Zhang Lu , Bi Xiaoyue , Lin Yanjie , Yang Liu , Lu Yao , Liu Ruyu , Chang Min , Wu Shuling , Shen Ge , Dong Jianping , Xie Yao , Li Minghui
Published: May 2022

Objective

The ideal endpoint of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is to clear hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). This study aimed to evaluate whether the expression of functional molecules on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is associated with HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive patients during peginterferon alpha-2a (PEG IFN α-2a) therapy.

Methods

A single-center prospective cohort study was performed in HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were treated with PEG-IFN α-2a and followed up for 4 years. HBsAg clearance, HBeAg loss and undetectable HBV DNA achieved by PEG-IFN α-2a therapy was considered as functional cure. The frequencies of pDC and CD86+ pDC in peripheral blood, and the mean fluorescence intensity of CD86 (CD86MFI) on the surface of pDC were measured at starting therapy, after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy.

Results

Of 63 patients enrolled, 17 patients achieved HBsAg loss. The baseline HBV DNA load in Non-functional-cure group was significantly higher than that in Functional cure group, and the CD86+ pDC% was significantly lower in patients without functional cure. HBV DNA load (OR=0.146, P = 0.002) and CD86+ pDC% (OR=1.183, P = 0.025) were independent factors associated with functional cure confirmed by binary logistic regression analysis. In the Functional cure group, HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA loads decreased remarkably after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment compared to baseline. In Non-functional-cure group, CD86+ pDC% and CD86MFI increased significantly from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment. In the Functional cure group, compared with baseline, pDC% increased significantly at 24 weeks, while CD86MFI increased significantly after 24 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

The lower the baseline HBV DNA load and the more the baseline CD86+ pDC%, the easier it is for patients to obtain functional cure.
The Identification of Fish Eggs From Four Economically Important Species in Guanghai Bay (China)
Authors: Zheng Yan-Jing , Peng Xiao-Juan , Cai Wei-Xu , Lou Quan-Sheng , Lyu Xiang-Li , Huang Ying-Hua
Published: May 2022

By far, very few studies have dealt with the ichthyoplankton diversity in Guanghai Bay (China), which is a potential spawning ground for many important fish species. In this study, fish eggs collected in Guanghai Bay were identified through molecular method combined with visual taxonomic method. We employed two mitochondrial gene regions of cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) as genetic markers for species identification. Through sequence identification at NCBI, 121 eggs with overlapping size range and easy to be confused were discriminated as four economically important species: seven as silver sillagoSillago sihama, 48 as black-banded sillagoSillago nigrofasciata, 38 as yellow drumNibea albiflora, and 28 as Pacific seabreamAcanthopagrus pacificus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these 121 eggs clustered in four groups with strong support. To testify the validity of these identification results, species identification through five BarcodingR package methods was also carried out using sequences of 33 fish specimens as a reference library covering four target species. Finally, a highly consensus of species assignment results was achieved across different methods. Morphological characteristics and detailed photographs for eggs from these four species were supplied here. Eggs of each species are pelagic, round, have a smooth chorion and one single oil globule. Embryonic pigment patterns vary as eggs develop and can be used for species distinguishing. Eggs fromS. nigrofasciataandA. pacificuswere described for the first time in this study. One simple and accurate method for identifyingN. albifloraeggs was additionally provided. Moreover, the morphological differences between twoSillagoeggs offered supportive evidence for the recent separation ofS. nigrofasciataas a new species fromS. sihama. All these results would be critical for the discrimination of eggs from these four species and the estimation for their spawning areas. Meanwhile, our study would contribute to the stock assessment and fishery management in Guanghai Bay.
Differences in Microbial Communities Stimulated by Malic Acid Have the Potential to Improve Nutrient Absorption and Fruit Quality of Grapes
Authors: Si Peng , Shao Wei , Yu Huili , Xu Guoyi , Du Guoqiang
Published: May 2022

Malic acid is a component of the rhizosphere exudate and is vital for crop growth. However, little information is available about the effects of external applications of malic acid on the nutrient absorption and quality of grape fruit, and few studies have been performed on the relationship between the changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and nutrient absorption and fruit quality of grapes after adding malic acid. Here, the LM (low concentration of malic acid) and HM (high concentration of malic acid) treatments comprised 5% and 10% malic acid (the ratio of acid to the total weight of the fertilizer) combined with NPK fertilizer, respectively. Applying malic acid changed the grape rhizosphere microbial community structure and community-level physiological profile (CLPP) significantly, and HM had a positive effect on the utilization of substrates. The microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of the grapes with added malic acid was closely related to the CLPP. The N and P content in the leaves and fruits increased after applying malic acid compared to the control, while K content in the fruits increased significantly. In addition, malic acid significantly reduced the weight per fruit, significantly increased soluble sugar content (SSC) and vitamin C content of the fruit, and significantly improved the fruit sugar-acid ratio and grape tasting score. Moreover, the principal component analysis and grape nutrient and fruit quality scores showed that grape nutrients and fruit quality were significantly affected by malic acid and ranked as 5% malic acid > 10% malic acid > control. Pearson’s correlation heatmap of microbial composition, nutrient absorption and fruit quality of the grapes showed that the grape microbial community was closely related to grape nutrients and fruit quality. Adding malic acid was positively correlated to Planococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Woeseiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae. Furthermore, Planococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Woeseiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae were closely related to grape nutrient absorption and fruit quality. Bacillaceae and Woeseiaceae were positively correlated with total soluble sugar, while Planococcaceae and Rhodobacteraceae were positively correlated with titratable acid. Hence, Bacillaceae and Woeseiaceae were the key bacteria that played a major role in grape fruit quality and nutrient absorption after applying malic acid water-soluble fertilizer.
Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rat Brain With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zhuang Zerui , Zheng Hongyi , Shen Zhiwei , Gao Qilu , Lin Qihuan , Fan Rong , Luo Liangping , Zheng Wenbin
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging as a quantitative method for pathogenetic research and clinical application of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning-induced encephalopathy combined with the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the related histopathological and behavioral changes.

Methods

A total of 63 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (n = 12) was used for animal modeling verification; Group B (n = 15) was used for magnetic resonance molecular imaging, Group C (n = 15) was used for animal behavior experiments, and Group D (n = 21) was used for histopathological examination. All the above quantitative results were analyzed by statistics.

Results

The peak value of carboxyhemoglobin saturation in the blood after modeling was 7.3-fold higher than before and lasted at least 2.5 h. The GluCEST values of the parietal lobe, hippocampus, and thalamus were significantly higher than the base values in CO poisoning rats (p < 0.05) and the 1H-MRS showed significant differences in the parietal lobe and hippocampus. In the Morris water maze tests, the average latency and distance were significantly prolonged in poisoned rats (p < 0.05), and the cumulative time was shorter and negatively correlated with GluCEST.

Conclusion

The GluCEST imaging non-invasively reflects the changes of glutamate in the brain in vivo with higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than 1H-MRS. Our study implies that GluCEST imaging may be used as a new imaging method for providing a pathogenetic and prognostic assessment of CO-associated encephalopathy.
Cerebral Ischemic Events: An Overlooked Complication of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Afro-Caribbean Patients
Authors: Banydeen Rishika , Signate Aissatou , Tran Tuan-Huy , Monfort Astrid , Neviere Remi , Inamo Jocelyn
Published: May 2022

Aim

The link between transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (CATTR), and cerebral ischemic events (CIE) has only been hinted at till now, impeding progress in patient management. We seek to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of CIE in Afro-Caribbean patients followed for CATTR at our institution.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective observational study, Afro-Caribbean patients followed for CATTR between July 2005 and October 2019 were included. Occurrence of CIE was investigated, and their cardioembolic origin determined. Analysis of patient characteristics was conducted according to CIE and CATTR profiles.

Results

Overall, 120 CATTR patients were included: 17 wild-type ATTR (14.2%), 73 ATTR-V122I (60.8%), and 22 ATTR-I107V (18.3%). Thirty-six patients (30.0%) presented with CIE, including three transient ischemic attacks and 33 permanent ischemic strokes (75.8% with a cardioembolic pattern). CIE was concomitant with CATTR diagnosis in 16 (16/36: 44.4%) patients, while 14 patients (14/36: 38.9 %) experienced CIE over a median CATTR follow-up of 2.0 years (min-max range: 0.8–4.4 years). CATTR-CIE patients presented with atrial fibrillation (66.7%), left atrial enlargement (77.8%), a CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 3 (97.2%) and a high anticoagulant intake (75.0%). Multivariate analysis retained only a high CHA2DS2-VASc score as an independent predictor of CIE risk (Hazard Ratio [95% CI]: 12.03 [1.62–89.24]).

Conclusion

Concomitant CIE, and CATTR diagnosis, potentially carries a worse prognosis. A CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 seems to be a strong and independent predictive factor of CIE in CATTR patients. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and timeliness of anticoagulation in CATTR patients, independently of atrial fibrillation.
Deploying and Optimizing Embodied Simulations of Large-Scale Spiking Neural Networks on HPC Infrastructure
Authors: Feldotto Benedikt , Eppler Jochen Martin , Jimenez-Romero Cristian , Bignamini Christopher , Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Albanese Ugo , Retamino Eloy , Vorobev Viktor , Zolfaghari Vahid , Upton Alex , Sun Zhe , Yamaura Hiroshi , Heidarinejad Morteza , Klijn Wouter , Morrison Abigail , Cruz Felipe , McMurtrie Colin , Knoll Alois C. , Igarashi Jun , Yamazaki Tadashi , Doya Kenji , Morin Fabrice O.
Published: May 2022

Simulating the brain-body-environment trinity in closed loop is an attractive proposal to investigate how perception, motor activity and interactions with the environment shape brain activity, and vice versa. The relevance of this embodied approach, however, hinges entirely on the modeled complexity of the various simulated phenomena. In this article, we introduce a software framework that is capable of simulating large-scale, biologically realistic networks of spiking neurons embodied in a biomechanically accurate musculoskeletal system that interacts with a physically realistic virtual environment. We deploy this framework on the high performance computing resources of the EBRAINS research infrastructure and we investigate the scaling performance by distributing computation across an increasing number of interconnected compute nodes. Our architecture is based on requested compute nodes as well as persistent virtual machines; this provides a high-performance simulation environment that is accessible to multi-domain users without expert knowledge, with a view to enable users to instantiate and control simulations at custom scale via a web-based graphical user interface. Our simulation environment, entirely open source, is based on the Neurorobotics Platform developed in the context of the Human Brain Project, and the NEST simulator. We characterize the capabilities of our parallelized architecture for large-scale embodied brain simulations through two benchmark experiments, by investigating the effects of scaling compute resources on performance defined in terms of experiment runtime, brain instantiation and simulation time. The first benchmark is based on a large-scale balanced network, while the second one is a multi-region embodied brain simulation consisting of more than a million neurons and a billion synapses. Both benchmarks clearly show how scaling compute resources improves the aforementioned performance metrics in a near-linear fashion. The second benchmark in particular is indicative of both the potential and limitations of a highly distributed simulation in terms of a trade-off between computation speed and resource cost. Our simulation architecture is being prepared to be accessible for everyone as an EBRAINS service, thereby offering a community-wide tool with a unique workflow that should provide momentum to the investigation of closed-loop embodiment within the computational neuroscience community.
Motor Imagery-Related Changes of Neural Oscillation in Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Shan Xinying , Li Jialu , Zeng Lingjing , Wang Haiteng , Yang Tianyi , Shao Yongcong , Yu Mengsun
Published: May 2022

An amputation is known to seriously affect patient quality of life. This study aimed to investigate changes in neural activity in amputees during the postoperative period using neural electrophysiological techniques. In total, 14 patients with left lower limb amputation and 18 healthy participants were included in our study. All participants were required to perform motor imagery paradigm tasks while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. Data analysis results indicated that the beta frequency band showed significantly decreased oscillatory activity in motor imaging-related brain regions such as the frontal lobe and the precentral and postcentral gyri in amputees. Furthermore, the functional independent component analysis (fICA) value of neural oscillation negatively correlated with the C4 electrode power value of the motor imagery task in amputees (p < 0.05). Therefore, changes in neural oscillations and beta frequency band in motor imagery regions may be related to brain remodeling in amputees.
Neuronal Circuits Supporting Development of Visual Naming Revealed by Intracranial Coherence Modulations
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Ervin Brian , Buroker Jason , Greiner Hansel M. , Byars Anna W. , Rozhkov Leonid , Skoch Jesse , Horn Paul S. , Frink Clayton , Scholle Craig , Leach James L. , Mangano Francesco T. , Glauser Tracy A. , Holland Katherine D.
Published: May 2022

Background

Improvement in visual naming abilities throughout the childhood and adolescence supports development of higher-order linguistic skills. We investigated neuronal circuits underlying improvement in the speed of visual naming with age, and age-related dynamics of these circuits.

Methods

Response times were electronically measured during an overt visual naming task in epilepsy patients undergoing stereo-EEG monitoring. Coherence modulations among pairs of neuroanatomic parcels were computed and analyzed for relationship with response time and age.

Results

During the overt visual naming task, mean response time (latency) significantly decreased from 4 to 23 years of age. Coherence modulations during visual naming showed that increased connectivity between certain brain regions, particularly that between left fusiform gyrus/left parahippocampal gyrus and left frontal operculum, is associated with improvement in naming speed. Also, decreased connectivity in other brain regions, particularly between left angular and supramarginal gyri, is associated with decreased mean response time. Further, coherence modulations between left frontal operculum and both left fusiform and left posterior cingulate gyri significantly increase, while that between left angular and supramarginal gyri significantly decrease, with age.

Conclusion

Naming speed continues to improve from pre-school years into young adulthood. This age-related improvement in efficiency of naming environmental objects occurs likely because of strengthened direct connectivity between semantic and phonological nodes, and elimination of intermediate higher-order cognitive steps.
Functional Interaction Between GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Serotonergic Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
Authors: Rahaman Sheikh Mizanur , Chowdhury Srikanta , Mukai Yasutaka , Ono Daisuke , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Yamanaka Akihiro
Published: May 2022

GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have brain-wide projections and are involved in multiple behavioral and physiological functions. Here, we revealed the responsiveness of Gad67+ neurons in VTA (VTAGad67+) to various neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness by slice patch clamp recording. Among the substances tested, a cholinergic agonist activated, but serotonin, dopamine and histamine inhibited these neurons. Dense VTAGad67+ neuronal projections were observed in brain areas regulating sleep/wakefulness, including the central amygdala (CeA), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and locus coeruleus (LC). Using a combination of electrophysiology and optogenetic studies, we showed that VTAGad67+ neurons inhibited all neurons recorded in the DRN, but did not inhibit randomly recorded neurons in the CeA and LC. Further examination revealed that the serotonergic neurons in the DRN (DRN5–HT) were monosynaptically innervated and inhibited by VTAGad67+ neurons. All recorded DRN5–HT neurons received inhibitory input from VTAGad67+ neurons, while only one quarter of them received inhibitory input from local GABAergic neurons. Gad67+ neurons in the DRN (DRNGad67+) also received monosynaptic inhibitory input from VTAGad67+ neurons. Taken together, we found that VTAGad67+ neurons were integrated in many inputs, and their output inhibits DRN5–HT neurons, which may regulate physiological functions including sleep/wakefulness.
Exploring the Potential of Lactic Acid Fermentation for the Recovery of Exhausted Vanilla Beans
Authors: Hadj Saadoun Jasmine , Levante Alessia , Ferrillo Antonio , Trapani Francesca , Bernini Valentina , Galaverna Gianni , Neviani Erasmo , Lazzi Camilla
Published: May 2022

The market value of vanilla is constantly growing, as it is the aroma most appreciated by consumers worldwide. The key component of the aroma of vanilla beans is vanillin, which can be directly extracted from the plant, produced by chemical synthesis, or by bioconversion of natural precursors. Due to the increasing consumers' demand for products labeled as “natural,” extraction from vanilla pods results in a more valuable aroma source. Once the extraction is completed, what remains are the exhausted beans that still contain small seeds and other compounds, including varying amounts of vanillin trapped in the cellular structures of the plant. The application of fermentation of exhausted vanilla beans is proposed here as a strategy to recover “natural” vanillin and other valuable aroma compounds as a result of the metabolic conversion by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this study was to verify the fermentability of exhausted vanilla beans by-products for their valorization, allowing the recovery of high-value molecules or new applications in food products. Design of Experiment (DoE) was used to screen a library of LAB strains to identify the best condition of fermentation in response to varying cultivation conditions. A comparison between mono and co-culture of LAB was assessed. Moreover, sensory panel tests and the evaluation of the aromatic components by Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis were carried out to better understand the modification of the aroma profile after fermentation. Fermentation with LAB changed the volatile profile and sensory characteristics of the exhausted vanilla beans and represents a promising method for the valorization of these by-products.
Elevated Serum Lactate in Glioma Patients: Associated Factors
Authors: Sitter Beathe , Forsmark Annamaria , Solheim Ole
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Serum lactate levels in brain cancer patients correlate with tumor malignancy grading, and serum lactate has been suggested as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to identify potential sources of elevated serum lactate in patients with brain gliomas by examining factors of importance for serum lactate production and clearance.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 261 glioma patients who underwent surgery from March 2011 to June 2015. We recorded patient gender, age, blood serum measures of lactate, glucose, pH, hemoglobin and base excess, patient health status, medications, and tumor characteristics. Patients with elevated and normal serum lactate levels were compared, and we explored if there were correlations between the variables. The association of serum lactate with the measured variables was investigated by simple and multivariable linear regression models.

Results and Discussion

Patients with elevated serum lactate had higher blood glucose, larger tumor volumes, and more tumor edema; more often needed pressor medication during surgery; and more often received corticosteroid treatment. The investigated variables were highly correlated. Multivariable linear regression indicated that gender, tumor volume, Charlson Comorbidity Index, hyperglycemia, and corticosteroid treatment were associated with serum lactate levels. Histopathology was not an independent factor. In conclusion, comorbidities, hyperglycemia, and presurgical corticosteroid treatment exhibited the strongest association with serum lactate in glioma patients.
Application of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Evaluating Acute Xerostomia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Induction Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhao Da-Wei , Fang Xue-Mei , Zhou Shu-Han , Luo Yan-Rong , Wei Jian , Liu Kun , Meng Ling-Ling , Liu Gang , Li Jin-Feng , Zang Xiao , Li Meng , Qiang Xiao-Fei , Jiang Hua-Yong , Fan Wen-jun , Zhang Xin-Xin , Ma Lin
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in tracking and monitoring the dynamic change of parotid glands (PGs), submandibular glands (SMGs), sublingual glands (SLGs), and acute xerostomia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods

The prospective study recruited 42 participants treated with IC+CCRT. All patients underwent DKI scanning six times: before IC, before RT, in the middle of the RT course, immediately after RT, and 1 and 3 months post-RT. Mean diffusion coefficient (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) of PG, SMG, SLG, saliva flow rate measured under resting (uSFR) and stimulated condition (sSFR), and xerostomia questionnaire (XQ) scores were recorded.

Results

At each time point, sSFR was significantly higher than uSFR (p < 0.05 for all). MD of the salivary glands and XQ scores increased over time while MK, uSFR, and sSFR decreased. After IC, the significant differences were detected in MD and MK of bilateral SMG and MK of the left SLG (p < 0.05 for all), but not in MD and MK of PG, uSFR, sSFR, and XQ scores. After RT, sSFR at 1m-RT decreased significantly (p = 0.03) while no significant differences were detected in uSFR and XQ scores. Moderate-strong correlations were detected in ΔMD-PG-R%, ΔMK-PG-R%, ΔMD-PG-L%, ΔMK-PG-L%, ΔMD-SMG-R%, ΔMK-SMG-R%, ΔMD-SMG-L%, ΔMK-SMG-L%, and ΔMD-SLG-R%, with correlation coefficients (p < 0.05 for all) ranging from 0.401 to 0.714. ΔuSFR% was correlated with ΔMD-SMG% (p = 0.01, r = −0.39), ΔMD-SLG% (p < 0.001, r = −0.532), and ΔMK-SMG% (p < 0.001, r = −0.493). ΔsSFR% correlated with ΔMD-PG% (p = 0.001, r = −0.509), ΔMD-SMG% (p = 0.015, r = −0.221), and ΔMK-PG% (p < 0.001, r = 0.524). ΔXQ% was only correlated with ΔMK-PG% (p = 0.004, r = 0.433).

Conclusion

DKI is a promising tool for tracking and monitoring the acute damage of PG, SMG, and SLG induced by IC+CCRT in NPC patients.