bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel rapid intraoperative qualitative tumor detection by a residual convolutional neural network using label-free stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Reinecke David , von Spreckelsen Niklas , Mawrin Christian , Ion-Margineanu Adrian , Fürtjes Gina , Jünger Stephanie T. , Khalid Florian , Freudiger Christian W. , Timmer Marco , Ruge Maximilian I. , Goldbrunner Roland , Neuschmelting Volker
Published: August 2022

Determining the presence of tumor in biopsies and the decision-making during resections is often dependent on intraoperative rapid frozen-section histopathology. Recently, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy has been introduced to rapidly generate digital hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained-like images (stimulated Raman histology) for intraoperative analysis. To enable intraoperative prediction of tumor presence, we aimed to develop a new deep residual convolutional neural network in an automated pipeline and tested its validity. In a monocentric prospective clinical study with 94 patients undergoing biopsy, brain or spinal tumor resection, Stimulated Raman histology images of intraoperative tissue samples were obtained using a fiber-laser-based stimulated Raman scattering microscope. A residual network was established and trained in ResNetV50 to predict three classes for each image: (1) tumor, (2) non-tumor, and (3) low-quality. The residual network was validated on images obtained in three small random areas within the tissue samples and were blindly independently reviewed by a neuropathologist as ground truth. 402 images derived from 132 tissue samples were analyzed representing the entire spectrum of neurooncological surgery. The automated workflow took in a mean of 240 s per case, and the residual network correctly classified tumor (305/326), non-tumorous tissue (49/67), and low-quality (6/9) images with an inter-rater agreement of 89.6% (κ = 0.671). An excellent internal consistency was found among the random areas with 90.2% (Cα = 0.942) accuracy. In conclusion, the novel stimulated Raman histology-based residual network can reliably detect the microscopic presence of tumor and differentiate from non-tumorous brain tissue in resection and biopsy samples within 4 min and may pave a promising way for an alternative rapid intraoperative histopathological decision-making tool.
Neuropathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a systematic review of comparative post-mortem histology literature
Authors: Murray Helen C. , Osterman Chelsie , Bell Paige , Vinnell Luca , Curtis Maurice A.
Published: August 2022

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head trauma and is characterised by the perivascular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the depths of cortical sulci. CTE can only be diagnosed postmortem and the cellular mechanisms of disease causation remain to be elucidated. Understanding the full scope of the pathological changes currently identified in CTE is necessary to identify areas requiring further research. This systematic review summarises the current literature on CTE pathology from postmortem human tissue histology studies published until 31 December 2021. Publications were included if they quantitively or qualitatively compared postmortem human tissue pathology in CTE to neuropathologically normal cases or other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pathological entities investigated included p-tau, beta-amyloid, TDP-43, Lewy bodies, astrogliosis, microgliosis, axonopathy, vascular dysfunction, and cell stress. Of these pathologies, p-tau was the most frequently investigated, with limited reports on other pathological features such as vascular dysfunction, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Consistent increases in p-tau, TDP-43, microgliosis, axonopathy, and cell stress were reported in CTE cases compared to neuropathologically normal cases. However, there was no clear consensus on how these pathologies compared to AD. The CTE cases used for these studies were predominantly from the VA-BU-CLF brain bank, with American football and boxing as the most frequent sources of repetitive head injury exposure. Overall, this systematic review highlights gaps in the literature and proposes three priorities for future research including: 1. The need for studies of CTE cases with more diverse head injury exposure profiles to understand the consistency of pathology changes between different populations. 2. The need for more studies that compare CTE with normal ageing and AD to further clarify the pathological signature of CTE for diagnostic purposes and to understand the disease process. 3. Further research on non-aggregate pathologies in CTE, such as vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. These are some of the least investigated features of CTE pathology despite being implicated in the acute phase response following traumatic head injury.
Post-resuscitation diastolic blood pressure is a prognostic factor for outcomes of cardiac arrest patients: a multicenter retrospective registry-based analysis
Authors: Chi Chien-Yu , Tsai Min-Shan , Kuo Li-Kuo , Hsu Hsin-Hui , Huang Wei-Chun , Lai Chih-Hung , Chang Herman Chih-Heng , Tsai Chu-Lin , Huang Chien-Hua
Published: August 2022

Background

Post-resuscitation hemodynamic level is associated with outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate if post-resuscitation diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is a favorable prognostic factor.

Methods

Using TaIwan Network of Targeted Temperature ManagEment for CARDiac Arrest (TIMECARD) registry, we recruited adult patients who received targeted temperature management in nine medical centers between January 2014 and September 2019. After excluding patients with extracorporeal circulation support, 448 patients were analyzed. The first measured, single-point blood pressure after resuscitation was used for analysis. Study endpoints were survival to discharge and discharge with favorable neurologic outcomes (CPC 1–2). Multivariate analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and generalized additive model (GAM) were used for analysis.

Results

Among the 448 patients, 182 (40.7%) patients survived, and 89 (19.9%) patients had CPC 1–2. In the multivariate analysis, DBP > 70 mmHg was an independent factor for survival (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI, 1.41–3.31]) and > 80 mmHg was an independent factor for CPC 1–2 (aOR 2.04, 95% CI [1.14–3.66]). GAM confirmed that DBP > 80 mmHg was associated with a higher likelihood of CPC 1–2. In the exploratory analysis, patients with DBP > 80 mmHg had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiogenic cardiac arrest (p = 0.015) and initial shockable rhythm (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

We found that DBP after resuscitation can predict outcomes, as a higher DBP level correlated with cardiogenic cardiac arrest.
Joining with the Conversation: Research as a Sustainable Practice in the Sport Sciences
Authors: Woods Carl T. , Araújo Duarte , Davids Keith
Published: August 2022

What would it mean to consider research in the sport sciences as a sustainable practice? Taking a step back, in such a context, what would sustainability even mean? The time is ripe to address such questions, and what we lay out here are our initial thoughts on this most contemporary of issues. We start by exploring what is meant by the term ‘sustainability’. Rather than following mainstream thinking—the harnessing of earthly resources commodified and exploited as ‘renewables’—we situate it in the sport sciences as a continuing response-ability to the experiences of others. This view is rooted in ‘commoning’—an intransitive verb in which people conjoin varied experiences through correspondence. What makes this sustainable, is its ongoing open-endedness; meaning, it carries on as people (co)respond to one another. Central to this idea is a perceptual system attuned to the ebbs and flows of what or who one is corresponding with. Though, the current modus operandi of research in the sport sciences is located, not on the skilled perception of the scientist corresponding with the coming-into-being of phenomena, but on an unsustainable model of recognition that views phenomena as ‘objects of analysis’, fixed and final in form, waiting to be known about by means of reduction, fragmentation and classification. For research in the sport sciences to become a sustainable practice, we propose a scholarship that prioritises direct observation and participation with what holds our attention, corresponding within its natural ecology of relations, embedding the phenomenon itself. This re-conceptualisation of science views research as a response-able scholarship grounded in conversation. Like inquiring about the well-being of loved ones, what sustains such a scholarship is curiosity, care and hope—a curiosity about which captivates us, a care that sees us respond to what we observe, and a hope of carrying the correspondence on, together.
Rationale and study protocol for We-PAP: a randomized pilot/feasibility trial of a couples-based intervention to promote PAP adherence and sleep health compared to an educational control
Authors: Baron Kelly Glazer , Gilles Allyson , Sundar Krishna M. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Duff Kevin , Troxel Wendy
Published: August 2022

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious health condition that affects approximately 30-50% of older adults and contributes to risk for cardiometabolic disorders and dementia. Despite the well-documented role of partners in treatment seeking and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP), treatments for OSA have nearly exclusively focused on the patient and current treatments for OSA do not address co-existing sleep problems such as insomnia that are prevalent in both patients with OSA and their partners. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop and test a novel couples-based sleep health intervention to promote adherence to PAP and improve sleep health of the couple.

Methods

We are conducting a two-arm, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled pilot/feasibility trial to compare our novel couples-based sleep health intervention (We-PAP) to an information control group (IC). We-PAP is based on a transdiagnostic model and uses a dyadic approach including increasing effective partner support, communication skills, and couple-level goal-setting. We-PAP involves 3 sessions and delivered via telehealth in weekly sessions. The IC includes standardized patient educational materials. Both groups receive the usual follow-up with their medical team. The study involves assessments at pre-treatment, post-intervention (approximately 1 month after starting PAP and completing We-PAP sessions or IC) and 3 months after starting PAP. Our main outcomes are feasibility and acceptability ratings. Secondary outcomes include comparing We-PAP to IC for PAP adherence, sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive measures.

Discussion

We-PAP is the first couples-based transdiagnostic sleep health intervention for patients with OSA and their partners. Results of this study will be used to inform the design of a subsequent fully powered clinical trial. If successful, this intervention could significantly advance current clinical practice in the treatment of OSA and sleep health more comprehensively in older adults. Moreover, this intervention may be useful for improving sleep in other aging populations with multiple sleep and other health problems, including patients with chronic illnesses or those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers.

Trial registration

NCT04759157. Date of registration: February 8, 2021. URL of trial registry record.
Endovascular management of a congenital hepatic arterioportal malformation in a low resource setting
Authors: Loyal Poonamjeet , Sagoo Ravjit
Published: August 2022

Background

Arterioportal malformations, a rare type of vascular malformation, have significant associated morbidity and mortality. Management requires a carefully thought out approach by a multidisciplinary team. Low resource settings have an added challenge of limited treatment options and consumables.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 14-month-old male with failure to thrive due to a congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula. He was successfully treated via an endovascular approach with metallic coil embolization.

Conclusion

Hepatoportal fistula, a rare hepatic vascular malformation, has limited treatment options which can further be restricted by overall patient wellness. Minimally invasive endovascular treatment options can offer a high rate of success and reverse the morbidity associated with the disease as was seen with our case.
The prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B among Egyptian adults: a further analysis of a country-representative survey
Authors: Raslan Eman , AbdAllah Mohamed , Soliman Saeed
Published: August 2022

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major worldwide healthcare problem with subsequent serious complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, taking cognizance of HBV impact is critical for future planning of its control and prevention.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of HBV in Egypt, analyse the demographic characteristics of HBV-infected patients and examine the common routes of its transmission.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of data from the Egyptian Health Issues Survey (EHIS), which employed a nationally representative sample of 16,004 individuals. The survey participants were categorized into two groups: group A, HBV positive, and group B, HBV negative. Comparative analysis was performed to identify demographic features and define possible risk factors.

Results

The total number of participants included in the study was 16,004. The mean age (± SD) was 33.5 (± 12.4) years. The prevalence of HBV was 1.52%. Demographic analysis showed that HBV was more prevalent among males, married people, people with jobs and smokers (P = 0.0011, 0.002, < 0.001 and 0.0036) respectively. Employing an adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, we observed an increased likelihood of HBV infection in married adults who received cupping without blood and who did not know if they had schistosomiasis injection therapy.

Conclusion

The application of special screening programs to highly susceptible patients and treatment optimization is recommended for the elimination of HBV. EHIS indicates the likely success of the previous Egyptian control plan for viral hepatitis through reducing several risk factors.
Decomposition of the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth in Ghana
Authors: Oteng-Abayie Eric Fosu , Asaki Foster Awindolla , Eshun Maame Esi , Abokyi Eric
Published: August 2022

The study analysed the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in Ghana, specifically by analysing Ghana's decoupling status from 1990 to 2018. The Tapio elasticity method and the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition technique were used in the study to find out what causes CO2 emissions in Ghana to change over time. The analysis revealed that CO2 emissions and economic growth have increased over the study period, with economic growth driven mostly by the services and industrial sectors in the last decade. The decoupling index analysis shows that weak decoupling status dominated the period 1990–2018, interspersed with strong decoupling and expansive negative decoupling status. Economic structure and energy intensity, instead, were found to promote the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth. From the decomposition analysis, CO2 emissions in Ghana are driven on the average by economic activities, emission factors, and population growth. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 13, the study suggests that policies to cut CO2 emissions should focus on economic activities, factors that affect emissions, and population growth. Also, to decouple CO2 emissions from economic growth, the implementation of policies that change the structure of the economy and energy intensity towards renewable sources should be intensified in Ghana.
Pharmacologic Weight Management in the Era of Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Raman Vandana , Gupta Anshu , Ashraf Ambika P , Breidbart Emily , Gourgari Evgenia , Kamboj Manmohan , Kohn Brenda , Krishnan Sowmya , Lahoti Amit , Matlock Kristal , Mehta Shilpa , Mistry Sejal , Miller Ryan , Page Laura , Reynolds Danielle , Han Joan C
Published: August 2022

Context

Pediatric obesity is a serious health problem in the United States. While lifestyle modification therapy with dietary changes and increased physical activity are integral for the prevention and treatment of mild to moderate obesity in youth, only a modest effect on sustained weight reduction is observed in children and young adults with severe obesity. This underscores the need for additional evidence-based interventions for children and adolescents with severe obesity, including pharmacotherapy, before considering invasive procedures such as bariatric surgery.

Evidence Acquisition

This publication focuses on recent advances in pharmacotherapy of obesity with an emphasis on medications approved for common and rarer monogenic forms of pediatric obesity.

Evidence Synthesis

We review medications currently available in the United States, both those approved for weight reduction in children and “off-label” medications that have a broad safety margin.

Conclusion

It is intended that this review will provide guidance for practicing clinicians and will encourage future exploration for successful pharmacotherapy and other interventions for obesity in youth.
Alveolar osteitis: the current state of knowledge
Authors: Dryla Aleksandra , Szymoniuk Michał , Rogatko Kamil , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:

Alveolar osteitis, also known as dry socket is a common complication after tooth extraction, especially third molar extraction. Taking into consideration only third molar extractions, the prevalence of dry socket reaches even 45%. The aim of this literature review was to describe current knowledge about etiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of dry socket.

State of knowledge:

The symptoms of alveolar osteitis most frequently are reported between the first and third post-extraction days and they include discomfort, lancing, and intense pain which radiates to the neck and ear. The etiopathogenesis of dry socket remains unclear. However, the currently accepted hypothesis describes a loss of formed after an extraction blood clot from the alveolar socket as the main cause of this pathology. Several factors may increase the risk of dry socket and include smoking, oral hygiene, female gender, oral contraceptive drugs, and anesthesia. In the treatment of alveolar osteitis, irrigation of the socket with chlorhexidine gluconate, iodopovidone, or physiological saline followed by filling the socket with intra-alveolar dressing constitute a current fundamental procedure. Plenty of substances are currently used as an intra-alveolar dressing. Part of them exhibits only pain-decreasing features, whereas some drugs can also stimulate the regeneration of treated tissue. In the prevention, the use of alveolar osteitis warm saline, antibiotics, chlorhexidine, ozone gas, or autologous platelet therapy may be useful maneuvers.

Conclusion:

This literature review summarizes the current state of knowledge about causes, risk factors, and therapeutic and preventive methods with regard to alveolar osteitis.
Potency of bacterial sialidase Clostridium perfringens as antiviral of Newcastle disease infections using embryonated chicken egg in ovo model
Authors: Kurnia Ryan Septa , Tarigan Simson , Nugroho Christian Marco Hadi , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua , Natalia Lily , Ibrahim Fera , Sudarmono Pratiwi Pudjilestari
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Clostridium toxins are widely used as medicinal agents. Many active metabolic enzymes, including sialidase (neuraminidase), hyaluronidase, and collagenase, contribute to the mechanism of action of these toxins. Sialidase from Clostridium perfringens recognizes and degrades sialic acid receptors in the host cell glycoprotein, glycolipid, and polysaccharide complexes. Sialic acid promotes the adhesion of various pathogens, including viruses, under pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the potential of C. perfringens sialidase protein to inhibit Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in ovo model.

Materials and Methods: C. perfringens was characterized by molecular identification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and is cultured in a broth medium to produce sialidase. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis was conducted to characterize the sialidase protein. In contrast, enzymatic activity and protein concentration were carried out using a neuraminidase assay kit and Bradford to obtain suitable active substances. Furthermore, embryonated chicken egg models were used to observe the toxicity of several sialidase doses. Then, the hemagglutination (HA) titer was obtained, and absolute quantitative reverse transcription–PCR assay was performed to measure the viral replication inhibitory activity of sialidase against NDV.

Results: Each isolate had a specific sialidase gene and its product. The sialidase derived from C. perfringens could hydrolyze the sialic acid receptor Neu5Ac (2,6)-Gal higher than Neu5Ac (2,3)Gal in chicken erythrocytes, as observed by enzyme-linked lectin assay. A significant difference (p = 0.05) in the HA titer in the pre-challenge administration group at dosages of 375 mU, 187.5 mU, and 93.75 mU in the competitive inhibition experiment suggests that sialidase inhibits NDV reproduction. Quantification of infective viral copy confirmed the interference of viral replication in the pre-challenge administration group, with a significant difference (p = 0.05) at the treatment doses of 750 mU, 375 mU, and 46.87 mU.

Conclusion: The potency of sialidase obtained from C. perfringens was shown in this study, given its ability to reduce the viral titer and copy number in allantoic fluids without adversely impacting the toxicity of the chicken embryo at different concentrations.
UAI-FI: using artificial intelligence for automatic passenger counting through Wi-Fi and GPS data
Authors: Roriz Junior Marcos Paulino , Aliaga Medrano Ronny Marcelo , Farias Almeida Cristiano
Published: August 2022

An important piece of information for planning public transportation is the number of passengers using the system. Several initiatives have started to explore the Wi-Fi packets generated by passengers’ smartphones as means to obtain this information. A sensing device located inside the bus can intercept and collect these packets. By applying filters, e.g., verifying if the signal strength is higher than a threshold, the sensor can infer passengers' presence/absence. However, such limits are set arbitrarily, leading to errors, for example, when close to bus stops. To address this issue, this article proposes a method (UAI-FI) based on an artificial intelligence technique (Support Vector Machine) to classify the origin of packets as inside or outside the bus. To validate UAI-FI, we applied and compared our approach to other methods in a bus line in Goiânia/Brazil. The results suggest that UAI-FI outperformed existing methods. Furthermore, it successfully classified the packet’s origin, obtaining 83.3% and 88.5% of the total number of passengers boarding and alighting the line. Despite the overall similarity, we highlight that UAI-FI’s counting curve presented a delay compared to the manual count indicating that the frequency that Wi-Fi packets are sent can cause the presence/absence of passengers to be perceived at different stops.
Characterization of glass beads by image methods for pavement marking retroreflectivity
Authors: Nascimento Mazzoni Laura , D. N. Machado Deise , L. Vasconcelos Kamilla , L. B. Bernucci Liedi , R. Linhares Guilherme , T. F. Castelo Branco Verônica
Published: August 2022

Road safety is a worldwide concern. Traffic injuries are the main cause of death for children and young people. One alternative to improve traffic safety is the enhancement of pavement markings visibility. Pavement marking efficiency depends on day and night visibility. Nighttime visibility (retroreflectivity) occurs due to the presence of glass beads. This paper compares the performance of two glass beads: G1 – Brazilian glass bead produced with recycled glass; and G2 – imported glass bead produced with new material. The research evaluated the retroreflectivity decrease of a test deck using two water-based paints from different manufacturers. The glass beads characterization process used the Computerized Optical Equipment (COE), CamSizer, and the Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS) to evaluate the shape, size, and gradation. Results indicated different retroreflectivity decrease trends for pavement markings with distinct glass beads, which could be associated with their shape characteristics and grain size distribution. The glass beads G1 presented the worst shape properties which lead to the poorest retroreflectivity at the test site. Thus, image characterization is helpful in estimating markings retroreflectivity prior to its application. Therefore, G1 cannot be used to substitute G2, regarding the retroreflectivity requirements in Brazil.
La investigación geográfica de los incendios forestales en México: una perspectiva bibliométrica y territorial
Authors: Neger C. , Manzo Delgado L. De L. , Galicia Sarmiento L.
Published: August 2022

En México se queman anualmente en promedio más de 400 mil hectáreas de vegetación natural, con repercusiones en los ecosistemas y en la sociedad. El presente artículo revisa los enfoques, hallazgos y oportunidades en la investigación geográfica de los incendios forestales en México. El análisis bibliométrico sugiere que los estudios de índole geográfica se han realizado en colaboración con grupos de investigación interdisciplinarios e interinstitucionales. Los resultados desde la perspectiva geográfica indican que los estudios de incendios se han realizado a lo largo y ancho del país, aunque hay una concentración mayor en el extremo noroeste y en el centro de México. Los temas principales de investigación geográfica son: 1) el análisis geoespacial, que se ha enfocado en determinar las zonas afectadas por incendios forestales, estimar las emisiones y elaborar mapas y modelos de riesgo; y 2) la documentación de los regímenes del fuego a partir de la dendrocronología, los sedimentos, y la estructura de la vegetación. En estas dos líneas de estudio se resalta el papel significativo del clima y de las actividades humanas en la incidencia de incendios forestales. En contraste, son escasos los estudios sobre el manejo del fuego desde la Geografía Humana. Aunado a esto, se requiere una mayor integración de los estudios desde las diferentes ramas de la disciplina y una mayor colaboración de geógrafos físicos, humanos y especialistas en el análisis geoespacial.
La organización territorial de la producción de nopal verdura en Tlalnepantla, Morelos
Authors: Aguilar Sánchez Daniel , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa
Published: August 2022

El municipio de Tlalnepantla ha transitado de una estructura económica basada en la agricultura de autoconsumo y la actividad forestal hacia la producción, en grandes extensiones, de nopal verdura para consumo nacional e internacional. Con ello ha modificado su sector económico primario y ha propiciado una nueva organización de su territorio en torno a esta actividad. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el proceso de organización territorial de la cadena productiva del nopal verdura que se cultiva en este municipio y sus principales implicaciones tanto en su territorio como en los productores involucrados. Para ello, el trabajo se apoyó en un reconocimiento de los factores físicos e históricos que han impulsado el desarrollo de esta actividad y, posteriormente, se recopiló información directa en campo a través de las experiencias de diferentes tipos de productores, la cual se complementó con datos recopilados de fuentes de información estadística y hemerográfica, a fin de analizar y sintetizar cartográficamente la organización territorial actual de la producción de nopal verdura en el municipio de Tlalnepantla. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que la organización territorial de esta actividad destaca por ser manejada en parte por los productores locales, lo que sumado a su cercanía a la capital del país, ha beneficiado sus condiciones productivas y comerciales, pero al mismo tiempo, ha derivado en la marginación de otro sector de productores de nopal como resultado de factores políticos y de la competencia directa en el mercado nacional.
Análisis geodemográfico del servicio de agua de uso doméstico en el municipio de Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca
Authors: Morales Juárez H. , Méndez García E. M. del C.
Published: August 2022

Dentro del municipio de Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, el servicio público de agua no es homogéneo. Existen zonas con gran infraestructura pública y organización social, así como otras sin abastecimiento público y poca participación ciudadana. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la cobertura del servicio público de agua de uso doméstico, así como las diversas formas de acceso al agua que existen en este ámbito municipal, en función de los diferentes tipos de población en que se clasifican las localidades. A partir de una combinación metodológica, se trianguló la información cuantitativa y cualitativa obtenida de encuestas locales y entrevistas a profundidad a representantes e informantes clave a partir de dos categorías de análisis: la desagregación geográfica y su dinámica geodemográfica. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de cuatro tipos de gestión local del agua: a) por el gobierno, b) por los Sistemas Independientes de Agua (SIA), c) por pipas y d) por pozos particulares. Se identificó que, ante el vacío del servicio público municipal, la sociedad se organiza para autoabastecerse de agua; sin embargo, esta autogestión se encuentra limitada a partir de las condiciones geodemográficas de la localidad. Por lo que es importante que estos elementos de acceso y participación local deban considerarse no solo en la integración de datos oficiales y académicos que analizan el servicio de agua a nivel municipal, sino también dentro de las políticas de los tres ámbitos de gobierno.
Análisis de la capacidad de carga de los atractivos turísticos en la Amazonía Central, Brasil.
Authors: Soria-Díaz H. F. , Lima de Alencastro Graça P. M. , Soria Solano B.
Published: August 2022

Evaluar la capacidad de carga en los atractivos turísticos es fundamental para medir y monitorear el impacto del flujo de usuarios en los atractivos de uso público y privado, especialmente en áreas protegidas. El turismo convencional, sin una planificación adecuada en la región amazónica, puede promover la degradación ambiental en los senderos de los atractivos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad de carga turística (CCT) de los senderos en los atractivos turísticos de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, considerando el estado de degradación forestal en esos locales. Para determinar la CCT, se utilizó el método de Cifuentes et al. (1999), dividido en tres niveles: físico (CCF), real (CCR) y efectivo (CCE). Según los resultados obtenidos, destacamos los atractivos que presentaron una óptima CCE como: "Neblina" (77 personas día-1), "Complejo de Iracema Falls" (90 personas día-1) y "Cachoeira da Onça" (39 personas día-1). Además, hubo una moderada degradación forestal en los senderos de las atracciones "Perema" (40.3%), "Santuario" (26.9%), "Galo da Serra" (26.9%) y "Pedra Furada" (26.1%). Además, estos resultados pueden ayudar en la planificación turística de Presidente Figueiredo, garantizando de forma sostenible el control y monitoreo permanente de visitas en estos atractivos de la región.
Risk of urban flash floods in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico
Authors: López Moises , Magaña Victor , Perez Tania
Published: August 2022

The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), in western Mexico, has experienced a rapid demographic and urban growth in recent decades. As a result of land use changes, an Urban Heat Island (UHI) has developed and intensified, which reflects not only in air surface temperature increases, but also in higher atmospheric moisture content and more intense precipitation events. Storms have become more frequent since the beginning of 1980s, which makes them one of the major meteorological hazards for the city. Such an increase in strong storms appears to be related to the urbanization process which in turn, has increased the vulnerability of the GMA to intense rains. The urban expansion towards the higher parts of the region has led to more water runoff and flash flood events in the low-level parts of the metropolitan area. An analysis by means of observed meteorological data and a rainfall – runoff methodology shows that the combined effect of increased precipitation and vulnerability results in a higher risk of urban flash floods. The loss of natural vegetation, the main roads that act as water channels that converge into the central part of the city, an insufficient drainage system and the lack of prevention actions have resulted in more frequent urban flash floods. All of these vulnerability factors are associated with an inadequate urban expansion process. The model of flood risk may be used to define adaptation measures to face a changing climate.
Gandy, M. (2022). Natura urbana. Ecological constellations in urban space.
Authors: Camerin Federico
Published: August 2022

MIT Press: Cambridge-Londres. 432 pp., ISBN: 978-02-6204-628-2.
Vergara, G. (2021). Fueling México. Energy and Environment. 1850-1950.
Authors: Zepeda Ferrer Silvestre
Published: August 2022

1850-1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 322. pp. ISBN 978-1-108-83127-7.
Miranda Pacheco, S. (2021). La caída de Tenochtitlan y la posconquista ambiental de la cuenca y ciudad de México.
Authors: Arreguín Rodríguez Andrea Lizette
Published: August 2022

México: Dirección General de Publicaciones y Fomento Editorial, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Colección México 500, volumen   14).  111 pp., ISBN 978-607-30673-2.
Michieli, F. (2021). La vocación de perderse.
Authors: De Pina Ravest Valeria Consuelo
Published: August 2022

Madrid: Siruela. 109 pp. ISBN 978-84-18708-54-1.
Pulido Rull, A. (2020). Mapping indigenous land. Native land grants in Colonial New Spain.
Authors: Favila Vázquez Mariana
Published: August 2022

Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 258 pp., ISBN 978-0-8061-6496-0.
Engaging Youth in Substance Misuse Prevention within State Prevention Systems: Provider Perspectives
Authors: Ballard Parissa , Hernandez Guadalupe , Pankratz Melinda , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer , Wagoner Kimberly , Moore Justin , Vidrascu Elena , Lassiter Rebekah , Daniel Jonna , Rhodes Scott
Published: August 2022

Objective: Engaging youth in planning, developing, and implementing substance misuse prevention efforts can improve those efforts. However, specific local policies and systems constrain youth engagement practice. This study examines how to engage youth in substance misuse prevention within state prevention systems. Methods: In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with 13 prevention providers in the North Carolina prevention system were conducted via video call and transcribed and analyzed via thematic and codebook approaches. Procedures are reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Results: Providers viewed youth engagement favorably yet mostly did not differentiate between youth-targeted prevention initiatives and youth-engaged initiatives. Findings reveal how state-level decisions, such as definitions and funding policies, support and challenge how providers implement youth engagement. Conclusions: To encourage youth engagement, state prevention systems should clarify for providers the distinction between prevention efforts targeted to youth and those that engage youth in planning and implementing and define which activities are desirable and what the role of youth should be in the activities. Finally, prevention providers need support for youth-engaged approaches to prevention, specifically training for youth and adult allies and opportunities for knowledge-sharing.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Social Marketing Campaign to Deter Hookah Smoking on a College Campus
Authors: Martinasek Mary , Martini Leila , McDermott Robert
Published: August 2022

Objective: For the past 2 decades, smoking from a hookah or waterpipe has been an evolving negative health behavior in the United States among college students, in part, because students have misconceptions about the potential risks involved with this practice. Methods: For this study, we used formative research to inform a college campus-based social marketing campaign to deter hookah smoking. This paper reports on the development and implementation of the social marketing campaign, with a key focus on the evaluation of behavior change using stages of change. Results: Overall, 828 of 1500 randomly selected students who were contacted responded to a survey following implementation of the campaign. The primary hookah message was recalled by 75% of students and key words describing it were ones included in message intent. The campaign also elicited students to change their social behaviors so as not to include hookah smoking or peers who smoked a hookah. Conclusions: Social marketing showed promise in getting some college students to reduce their exposure to hookah smoking. Messages became more relatable to the target audience through pretesting and formative research. Social marketing campaigns can influence college students to reduce personal use and deter exposure to hookah smoking.
River water level measurement system using Sobel edge detection method
Authors: Rozaqi Faiz Miftakhur , Wahyono Wahyono
Published: August 2022

Flood is a natural disaster that often occurs in Indonesia. Therefore, a flood warning system is required to reduce the number of losses due to flooding. In this study, a Sobel edge detection-based framework is proposed to measure the river water level, which is expected to be used as an early flood warning system. Sobel edge detection is used to determine the edge of the water surface, which is then taken by the position of the pixels, and the height is calculated by comparing the image with actual conditions. The test results of the system implemented on the prototype show that this system has an RMSE less than 0.6986 mm and can run at 12 fps which in the future can be implemented directly on rivers.
Comparison of various epidemic models on the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Intan Nuni , Shabrina Ayu , Syafarina Inna , Latifah Arnida Lailatul
Published: August 2022

This paper compares four mathematical models to describe Indonesia's current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The daily confirmed case data are used to develop the four models: Logistic, Richards, SIR, and SEIR. A least-square fitting computes each parameter to the available confirmed cases data. We conducted parameterization and sensitivity experiments by varying the length of the data from 60 until 300 days of transmission. All models are susceptible to the epidemic data. Though the correlations between the models and the data are pretty good (>90%), all models still show a poor performance (RMSE>18%). In this study case, Richards model is superior to other models from the highest projection of the positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. At the same time, others underestimate the outbreak and estimate too early decreasing phase. Richards model predicts that the pandemic remains high for a long time, while others project the pandemic will finish much earlier.
Regional clustering based on economic potential with a modified fuzzy k-prototypes algorithm for village developing target determination
Authors: Prasetyo Hermawan
Published: August 2022

The clustering algorithm can group regions based on economic potential with mixed attributes data, consisting of numeric and categorical data. This study aims to group villages according to their economic potential in determining village development targets in Demak Regency using the fuzzy k-prototypes algorithm and modified Eskin distance to measure the distance of categorical attributes. The data used are PODES2018 data and the 2019 Wilkerstat Mapping. Village clustering produces three village clusters according to their economic potential, namely low, medium, and high economic clusters. Clusters of high economic potential are located on the main transportation routes of Semarang–Kudus and Semarang–Grobogan. However, villages on the main transportation route are still included in the low economic cluster. Considering the status of the urban/rural village classification, most of these villages are included in the urban village category. The results of this clustering can be used to determine village development targets in increasing the Village Developing Index in Demak Regency.
Relationship between Interpersonal Skills in Project Success
Authors: Naseem Aliya , Abbas Rameesha
Published: August 2022

The most asset to any project, regardless of the industry is the project manager. Research has shown whether the project fails or succeeds depends on the project manager, and the skills they bring to the table. The research problem in this study is the lack of research regarding the relationship between the interpersonal skills of the project manager and the success and / or failure of large-scale IT systems development projects. The existing literature indicated a strong positive relationship between the interpersonal skills and leadership traits of senior managers who manage with a passive leadership style and the primary IT systems development project success factor of cost. There was also a strong positive relationship between the interpersonal skills and leadership traits of senior managers who manage with leadership outcomes and the primary IT systems development project success factor of scheduling.
Analysis of the Effect of the Smart Indonesia Program, School Operational Assistance and Cashless Food Assistance on Reducing Poverty Reduction in North Sumatera
Authors: Handyton Athoridho , Rahmadana Muhammad Fitri , Harahap Muhammad Yusuf , Rinaldi Muammar
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze Non-Cash Food Assistance, School Operational Assistance, and the Smart Indonesia Program that can affect poverty in North Sumatra during the 2019-2020 period. The type of data to be analyzed in this study is quantitative, namely secondary data obtained from various related agencies, namely BPS, Ministry of Education and Culture and other sources. The analysis in this study uses panel data regression. The results showed that the value of the coefficient of determination in the estimation results showed that the variables of poverty in North Sumatra could be explained by the variables of the Smart Indonesia program, school operational assistance, and non-cash food assistance that could be explained by the model used. The variables used to explain the poverty variable show the direction of the influence in accordance with the hypothesis, except for the Smart Indonesia Program variable which has a positive and significant influence. School Operational Assistance, has a negative and significant effect on poverty, Non-Cash Food Aid has a negative but not significant effect on poverty.
The Representations, the Meanings and the “Beat” of Bumba-Meu-Boi Festivities, from Maranhão, and Boi-Bumbá Festivities, from Middle Amazonas State and Parintins
Authors: Silva Zélia Lopes da
Published: August 2022

Festivals nowadays allow diverse approaches considering the multiple meanings they can bear, even in the conjunction of a globalized world, marked by rapid technological transformations that make national borders increasingly frayed. In this context, the quest to preserve the cultural manifestations that ensure meaning to social relations is recurrent, considering that such transformations inscribe their signs all over the world. Following these concerns, we will investigate the festivals of the Cultural Complex of Bumba-Meu-Boi, from Maranhão (an intangible cultural heritage of Brazil and of humanity) and the Cultural Complex of Boi-Bumbá from Middle Amazonas State and Parintins. These cultural expressions were inscribed, in the 21st century, in the Registry Book of Celebrations of IPHAN – Institute of National Artistic and Historical Heritage, as national intangible cultural heritage. Such recognition is due to the fact that these festivities express aspects of Catholic popular culture and religiosity that carry beliefs of African origin, of black people and the cultural traditions of the “native” or “forest” peoples (named indigenous by white people), which are referenced as elements of affirmation of caboclo and national identity, as a result of this origin. For these reflections, we will use the official dossiers and documents that were the basis for the inscription of these festive expressions in the aforementioned Book, photos, videos, as well as in the “Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil” and in the specialized, theoretical and historiographical bibliography.
Unpredictable Muse: The Ukrainian War and History in Progress. In Putin's Russia, the Past Erupts into the Present
Authors: Álvarez José Maurício Saldanha
Published: August 2022

We explore the definitions of the history of the present according to Edgar Moran and François Hartog. The present is a script in progress and demonstrates the fluidity of the story. The essay carries out archeology of the Ukrainian war, debating the past of the Ukrainian contenders, Imperial Russia, and the USSR that always needed a defensive accentuation around its borders. It incorporated Ukraine, creating an industrial region and completing its economy despite repression and Russification. The dissolution of the USSR gave rise to independent countries such as Georgia and Ukraine, supported by the US and NATO. The essay discusses the Ukrainian war without demonizing the contenders by explaining Russian leader Putin's fascination for his country's history. The past that emerges is archaic, demonstrating that Putin wants to control history. Consolidating its nationalist positions rescues the greatness of the Russian Empire, of the extinct USSR, reaffirming its country as a world power in the present. US and NATO foreign policy compromised with the USSR's military actions until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The American government supported the rebels as it does in Ukraine and detached his identity from the Russian past by joining the West. The chapter concludes by showing the time of conflict from the perspective of Giorgio Agamben and Heidegger as the moment of kairós when taken war decisions.