bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forces governing the dynamics of liquid spreading in packed beds
Authors: Ambekar Aniket S. , Rüde Ulrich , Buwa Vivek V.
Published: September 2022

Liquid spreading through a randomly packed particle-resolved bed influenced by capillary or inertial ($AB_s \sim 1$), and gravitational force (moderately ($AB_s \sim 0.1$) and strongly ($AB_s \sim 0.01$)) is investigated using the volume-of-fluid simulations. The relative contribution of governing forces at different stages of spreading is analysed using the time evolution of Weber ($We_I$) and$AB_I$numbers. We show that the dynamics of liquid spreading at$AB_s \sim 1$is primarily governed by the inertial force in the beginning ($AB_I > 1$,$We_I > 1$) followed by the capillary force at$t/t^* \sim 1$. This interplay of governing forces leads to inertia- and capillary-induced bubble entrapments at the void scale and promote lateral liquid spreading. When the$AB_s \sim 0.1$, the$t/t^*$for which the flow is governed by inertial ($AB_I > 1$,$We_I > 1$) and capillary forces ($AB_I > 1$,$We_I < 1$) decreases and the relative contribution of gravitational force is substantial at large$t/t^*$($AB_I < 1$). This force balance leads to unified-void filling characterised by negligible bubble trapping and results in a decrease in the lateral spreading. Further decrease in the$AB_s$to${\sim } 0.01$results in liquid spreading primarily governed by gravitational force ($AB_I < 1$) with small contribution of inertial and capillary forces at the very beginning leading to trickling flow and a further decrease in lateral spreading. Finally, a regime map is proposed, which provides the relationship between different forces, void-scale events, and the resultant liquid spreading at$t/t^* \sim 1$.
Nonrigidity of flat ribbons
Authors: Raffaelli Matteo
Published: September 2022

We study ribbons of vanishing Gaussian curvature, i.e. flat ribbons, constructed along a curve in $\mathbb {R}^{3}$. In particular, we first investigate to which extent the ruled structure determines a flat ribbon: in other words, we ask whether for a given curve $\gamma$ and ruling angle (angle between the ruling line and the curve's tangent) there exists a well-defined flat ribbon. It turns out that the answer is positive only up to an initial condition, expressed by a choice of normal vector at a point. We then study the set of infinitely narrow flat ribbons along a fixed curve $\gamma$ in terms of energy. By extending a well-known formula for the bending energy of the rectifying developable, introduced in the literature by Sadowsky in 1930, we obtain an upper bound for the difference between the bending energies of two solutions of the initial value problem. We finally draw further conclusions under some additional assumptions on the ruling angle and the curve $\gamma$.
Rebel Motivations and Repression
Authors: BUENO DE MESQUITA ETHAN , SHADMEHR MEHDI
Published: September 2022

How do different types of motivation influence the politics of collective action? We study a model of endogenous rebellion and repression to understand how different types of individual motivation affect participation, state repression, and the mechanisms by which state violence affects political contention. Unlike psychological rewards, material rewards are divided among successful rebels. Thus, in material rewards settings, repression that decreases mobilization and chances of success also increases participants’ share of the rewards, reducing repression’s effect. Consequently, materially rather than psychologically motivated groups are less affected by repression and face less repression, but they are also less able to turn early failures into future successes. Moreover, because repression is more effective and used more when rebels are psychologically motivated, rebel motivations are a confounder in estimates of the relationship between repression and mobilization. This can lead to overestimation of repression’s effect and to more statistically significant results exactly when repression is more effective.
The Democratic State and Redistribution: Whose Interests Are Served?
Authors: ELKJÆR MADS ANDREAS , IVERSEN TORBEN
Published: September 2022

Growing economic inequality has raised concerns that democratic governments are no longer responsive to popular demands for redistribution either because the state capacity is eroded by footloose capital or because the wealthy subvert democracy through the power of money. In this paper we critically assess these conjectures against long-standing arguments about redistribution and insurance under democracy. We test the alternatives on a new comprehensive dataset on income inequality from 17 advanced democracies between 1980 and 2019. We find that before taxes and transfers income inequality has increased markedly everywhere but also that government redistribution has played a critical role in compensating the middle class and to a perhaps surprising degree also the poor. However, the United States is a large outlier.
THE EPIC SCOWL: A NOTE ON THE METONYMIC BASIS AND CONTEXTUAL MEANING OF THE FORMULA ὑπόδρα ἰδών
Authors: Horn Fabian
Published: September 2022

Drawing on the perspectives of cognitive linguistics and evolutionary biology, this contribution revisits the meaning of the Homeric formula ὑπόδρα ἰδών, literally ‘looking from below’, which is generally acknowledged as an indication of anger in epic poetry. A detailed examination of the phrase suggests that the facial expression it refers to was originally an inclination of the head while maintaining a fixed gaze ahead, resulting in a view from beneath lowered brows. It is argued that this position of the head serves as a functional preparation for a physical conflict, and consequently that the epic phrase ὑπόδρα ἰδών is not merely a metonym for anger but also a signal of the willingness to resort to violence if the conflict is not resolved by other means. This is also borne out by the contexts in which the formula occurs, since in most cases the speeches introduced with a ‘look from below’ are either followed by violent actions or cause their addressee to retract the offence.
TRANSLATING ARISTOPHANES’ PUNS
Authors: Kanellakis Dimitrios
Published: September 2022

This paper sketches a taxonomy of Aristophanic puns and explores the strategies employed by ‘faithful’ English translations for rendering such jokes. No pun is untranslatable. At the same time, there is no perfect translation but a range of options, more or less effective for a certain context, audience, and type of pun. The challenges which translators face with Aristophanic jokes, as well as the ingenious solutions they offer on occasions, invite us to reappraise the original puns, whose wittiness is too often denied by scholarship.
Reception
Authors: Easterbrook Rhiannon
Published: September 2022

This issue sees five volumes from IMAGINES – Classical Receptions in the Visual and Performing Arts. This series, published by Bloomsbury and edited by Filippo Carlà-Uhink and Martin Lindner, developed from a series of conferences starting in 2007, and has so far produced fourteen books, including both edited volumes and monographs. In keeping with the editors’ aims to work from an anti-hierarchal approach to culture, the books under discussion elaborate on a range of media, without distinguishing between ‘high’ and ‘low’ culture.
Notable Crustacea (Mysida, Amphipoda and Decapoda) from England's deepest and most remote Marine Conservation Zone
Authors: Ashelby Christopher W. , McIlwaine Paul , Callaway Alex , Pears Søren
Published: September 2022

A recent survey of The Canyons Marine Conservation Zone provided noteworthy records of several crustacean species, which are presented here. The geographic or bathymetric ranges of several species are considerably extended, while the genus Rhachotropis, which has not previously been reported from British waters, is represented by two species. Other species that were previously only known in British waters from very few, often historical, records are also reported.
‘You probably have a parasite’: Neoliberal risk and the discursive construction of the body in the wellness industry
Authors: Eberhardt Maeve
Published: September 2022

In this article, I ask how the body is discursively constructed within the wellness industry. I analyze a corpus of articles from the Goop franchise, examining how bodies are constructed, and how subjects are impelled to act within contemporary neoliberal risk culture. Corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis reveals that the body is ultimately constructed as unwell and at risk, by virtue of its presence in the environment. Faced with this inescapable risk, the neoliberal citizen is responsible for managing the self in ever-increasing domains. I link the particularities of this discursive embodiment to larger cultural imperatives of self-surveillance, discipline, and control, and argue that it is particularly a white female subject who is interpellated within this discourse. Throughout, the wellness industry is revealed as propelling the interminable cycle of the project of the self, and as a contemporary mechanism for the reproduction of docile white female bodies. (Discursive embodiment, neoliberal ideology, risk society, corpus analysis, critical discourse analysis, feminist critique)*
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of light on Cereus repandus (Cactaceae) seed germination are strongly dependent on spectral quality
Authors: Yang X-Y. , Pritchard Hugh W.
Published: September 2022

In small seeds, light often promotes germination and longer-term exposure to darkness reduces light sensitivity. In cacti inhabiting harsh environments, a rapid response to light exposure is potentially advantageous for seedling establishment. We exposed dark-imbibed seeds of the cactus Cereus repandus to doses of red (RED) light and far-red (FR) light. The seeds exhibited positive photoblastism to RED light. Although the initial levels of germination varied between seed lots, the sensitivity to increasing the RED dose did not. As little as 5 min per day for 4 d was sufficient to saturate the light requirement for germination. The effects of RED light were reversed by FR exposure as long as the interval between RED and FR did not extend to 2 d, by which time the seeds had ‘committed’ to germinate. Dark incubation for 1–2 weeks prior to RED exposure reduced light sensitivity in two seed lots, such that RED only promoted around 20% germination. Phytochrome is assumed to mediate the reversibility of the RED:FR response. High sensitivity to light spectral quality suggests that seeds of C. repandus are able to germinate quickly in high-quality microsites, but seed burial or shading may commit the seeds to form a soil seed bank. The light characteristics of the germination trait in this species are typical of many small seeded species of the drylands.
Under Cover in Babylon: Rossini's Cyrus the Great for the Lenten Season
Authors: Ketterer Robert C.
Published: September 2022

Rossini's Ciro in Babilonia, ossia, La caduta di Baldassare (Cyrus in Babylon, or, The Fall of Belshazzar) was performed during Lent in 1812 at Ferrara's Teatro Comunale. This study examines how the opera's librettist Francesco Aventi synthesized disparate sources that included the Greek historian Herodotus and the Biblical prophets, ancient and early modern prose treatises on the Persian king Cyrus the Great, and baroque operatic representations of imperial power; and how Rossini responded to those sources musically for the particular historical moment in March of 1812. The piece is of interest as the first serious opera for the librettist and the composer both. It displays innovative approaches to classicizing material familiar from the eighteenth-century, as exemplified in Metastasio's Ciro riconosciuto and Sarti's Giulio Sabino, and it presents the secular hero Cyrus as a Christological figure that suffers and then triumphs with divine help. Musically it anticipates developments in Rossini's own Mosè in Egitto and Semiramide. The title “Under cover in Babylon” refers first to Aventi's and Rossini's use of the standard operatic plot device of the disguised lover to motivate Cyrus's entry into the enemy city of Babylon. Second, by calling the piece an “oratorio” and including Biblical material, they disguised an opera as an entertainment appropriate for Lent. Finally, the piece carries possible but subtly expressed messages connected with Napoleonic Italy and the Ferrarese Jewish community.
A deep learning method to predict ankle joint moment during walking at different speeds with ultrasound imaging: A framework for assistive devices control
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Fragnito Natalie , Bao Xuefeng , Sharma Nitin
Published: September 2022

Robotic assistive or rehabilitative devices are promising aids for people with neurological disorders as they help regain normative functions for both upper and lower limbs. However, it remains challenging to accurately estimate human intent or residual efforts non-invasively when using these robotic devices. In this article, we propose a deep learning approach that uses a brightness mode, that is, B-mode, of ultrasound (US) imaging from skeletal muscles to predict the ankle joint net plantarflexion moment while walking. The designed structure of customized deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) guarantees the convergence and robustness of the deep learning approach. We investigated the influence of the US imaging’s region of interest (ROI) on the net plantarflexion moment prediction performance. We also compared the CNN-based moment prediction performance utilizing B-mode US and sEMG spectrum imaging with the same ROI size. Experimental results from eight young participants walking on a treadmill at multiple speeds verified an improved accuracy by using the proposed US imaging + deep learning approach for net joint moment prediction. With the same CNN structure, compared to the prediction performance by using sEMG spectrum imaging, US imaging significantly reduced the normalized prediction root mean square error by 37.55% (

$ p $

 < .001) and increased the prediction coefficient of determination by 20.13% (

$ p $

 < .001). The findings show that the US imaging + deep learning approach personalizes the assessment of human joint voluntary effort, which can be incorporated with assistive or rehabilitative devices to improve clinical performance based on the assist-as-needed control strategy.
Vascular risk assessment and management
Authors: Bigolin Paola , Zalunardo Beniamino , Mazzolai Lucia , Belch Jill , Visonà Adriana
Published: September 2022

Summary: Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Methods: the integrated care pathways (ICPs) are tools through which evidence-based guidelines (GLs) on a specific disease or clinical topic can be implemented in a clinical process. Aim: This study aims to facilitate decision making for health professionals in their daily practice. Results: This model, according with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Guidelines, supports the multifactorial evaluation of global cardiovascular (CV) risk and suggests using algorithms and revised cardiovascular risk stratification, specifically for high- and very-high-risk patients. Conclusions: Multidimensional and integrated actions are aimed at eliminating and/or minimizing the impact of cardiovascular disease, improving the quality and consistency of vascular prevention, and leading to optimal clinical decisions.
Geriatrische Patient_innen in der Notfallambulanz
Authors: Pichler Lisa Maria , Krutter Simon
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die steigenden Zahlen geriatrischer Patient_innen stellen im Setting Notfallambulanz (NFA) wachsende Herausforderungen dar. Ziel: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, anhand der Erfahrungen von Ärzt_innen und Pflegenden Veränderungsbedarfe in der notfallambulanten Versorgung zu identifizieren und den Einsatz einer Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) zu diskutieren. Der Fokus liegt auf der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit. Methode: Im Rahmen eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit fünf Ärzt_innen und sieben Pflegenden aus zwei österreichischen NFAs durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte gemäß der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Ergebnisse: Fünf zentrale Hauptkategorien ergaben sich. Bedingt durch die hohe Arbeitsbelastung, Zeitdruck und Ressourcenmangel beschrieben die Pflegenden und Ärzt_innen zunehmende Herausforderungen in der NFA sowie eine Versorgung, die den Bedürfnissen der geriatrischen Patient_innen nur unzureichend entspricht. Der Einsatz geriatrisch spezialisierter Pflegender wurde mit einer optimierten Patient_innenversorgung assoziiert. Entlang von Struktur-, Prozess- und Outcome-Kriterien des Nursing Role Effectiveness Model (NREM) werden die zentralen Inhalte der Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP)-Rolle beschrieben. Schlussfolgerungen: Ein Ausbau von Kompetenzen und Tätigkeitsbereichen der Pflegenden sowie die Entwicklung definierter Versorgungspfade sollen forciert werden. Die in das NREM integrierten Forschungsergebnisse stellen eine Vorarbeit für die Beschreibung der Rolle der Pflegexpert_innen Geriatric Practice Nurse (GPN) in der NFA dar.
First Observations of Seasonal Variability in Water Mass Properties Across the Agulhas Current
Authors: Braby Laura , Deshayes Julie , Beal Lisa , Morris Tamaryn , Novelli Guillaume , Maitland James , Ansorge Isabelle , Hermes Juliet
Published: September 2022

The seasonal variability of Agulhas Current properties is not well understood because there have been few data collected during austral winter. Here we analyze 8 repeat hydrographic sections that have been collected across the Agulhas Current at 34°S over the past decade, including the first full‐depth winter surveys of the Agulhas Current, collected in 2016 and 2018. Several differences between the summer and winter occupations of the current are observed which can be attributed to seasonal variability. The most significant difference is the upward shoaling of central waters onto the continental shelf in the summer. These waters flood the shelf with nutrients and oxygen during the summer months, when the Agulhas Current is strongest, but not during winter. Over the top 100 m of the water column seasonality is dominated by surface fluxes, with warmer waters in summer. Immediately below the surface, however, waters are warmer during winter because of the mixing down of Tropical Surface Waters into the deepening mixed layer. Throughout the Agulhas Current at central and intermediate depths waters are cooler in summer and this is due to the upward tilt of the isopycnals, consistent with stronger geostrophic transport. Seasonality is also evident at depth, where North Atlantic Deep Water has a stronger equatorward flow during winter when the Agulhas Current is weaker and shallower.
Densely Connected Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Convolutional Encoder‐Decoder Networks for Identifying Preferential Channels in Highly Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Zhou Zhengkun , Shi Liangsheng , Zha Yuanyuan , Wang Shuixian , Xu Baokun , Tian Lei , Zhang Lanhui , Tian Jie , Yang Ruiting
Published: September 2022

In highly heterogeneous formations, the preferential channels (PC) that usually exist can dramatically change the transport dynamics of a solute plume. Identifying PC is vital to delineate contaminant transport and conduct the environmental risk analysis. Conventional methods usually depend on the solution of the governing equations for flow and transport and struggle with high computational costs. In this paper, we transform PC identification into a particular semantic segmentation task for the first time and build a densely connected squeeze‐and‐excitation convolutional encoder‐decoder network. A training strategy combining segmentation loss and new regression loss (index distance loss) is used to improve the identification of PC locations. We evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed deep learning model with conductivity fields with different variances. A new connectivity indicator (connectivity ratio) is proposed to describe the connectivity area of a field. The network trained by conductivity fields with larger variances (higher heterogeneity) produces better PC identification and has a stronger generalizability. A conductivity field with a large variance usually has small connected areas and induces tortuous and long PC. The small connected areas restrict the generation of multiple PCs. This makes the model learn discriminative features easily. And the long PC increase its length, which means an increasing of the number of positive pixels in training samples. Finally, we compare the model with the stream function and minimum resistance methods. The results show that the deep learning model is an efficient method and can provide more connectivity information than the other two methods.
A Perspective on Substorm Dynamics Using 10 Years of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Observations From Wind
Authors: Waters J. E. , Jackman C. M. , Whiter D. K. , Forsyth C. , Fogg A. R. , Lamy L. , Cecconi B. , Bonnin X. , Issautier K.
Published: September 2022

We study 10 years (1995–2004 inclusive) of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) radio emission data from the Wind spacecraft to examine the link between AKR and terrestrial substorms. We use substorm lists based on parameters including ground magnetometer signatures and geosynchronous particle injections as a basis for superposed epoch analyses of the AKR data. The results for each list show a similar, clear response of the AKR power around substorm onset. For nearly all event lists, the average response shows that the AKR power begins to increase around 20 min prior to expansion phase onset, as defined by the respective lists. The analysis of the spectral parameters of AKR bursts show that this increase in power is due to an extension of the source region to higher altitudes, which also precedes expansion phase onset by 20 min. Our observations show that the minimum frequency channel that observes AKR at this time, on average, is 60 kHz. AKR visibility is highly sensitive to observing spacecraft location, and the biggest radio response to substorm onset is seen in the 21:00–03:00 hr local time sector.
Peak‐Height Distribution of Equatorial Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles: Analysis and Modeling of C/NOFS Satellite Observations
Authors: Joshi Dev R. , Groves Keith M. , Retterer John M. , Carrano Charles. S. , Roddy Patrick A.
Published: September 2022

We present the first observational determination of statistical limits on the rise of equatorial plasma bubbles as a function of solar flux. We analyzed in situ electron density data collected onboard the Communications/Navigations Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite to characterize the distribution of peak altitudes of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles. We first describe our algorithm for detecting ionospheric irregularities within the observations and then use a series of statistical simulations to identify and compensate for the sampling biases inherent in observations from a single satellite in a low‐inclination elliptical orbit. The simulations also confirmed that space‐based orbital platforms such as the C/NOFS satellite undersample the existing irregularities in the ionosphere and provide a measure of the satellite’s inefficiency in observing those naturally occurring irregularities. In deducing the variation of the peak‐height distributions of the irregularities with solar activity, we find that the median maximum height of the bubbles increases linearly from about 490 km at the solar minimum (2008) to 740 km during the (2014) solar maximum in the longitude sector 80°W–10°E. The results will be valuable for the development of improved scintillation mapping models for both real‐time and postprocessing applications. We also confirm our observational findings with modeling results from a physics‐based model, allowing us to identify field‐line‐integrated Pedersen conductance as the key determinant of terminal bubble altitude: a bubble will cease to rise further when the conductance inside the bubble is equal to that of the background ionosphere.
Statistical Analysis of Pi2 Pulsations Observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Lysak Robert , Vellante Massimo
Published: September 2022

The relative importance of propagating and cavity mode waves remains an important question regarding the generation of Pi2 pulsations detected on the ground. To determine the wave mode, we statistically generate spatial maps of magnetospheric oscillations that are coherent with ground Pi2 pulsations. The magnetospheric observations were made by the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft over a 7‐year period. The amount and quality of the spacecraft data allow us to investigate the mode structure of Pi2 pulsation in ways that were not possible in previous studies. We use the H component of low‐latitude ground Pi2 pulsations detected in the 22–02 magnetic local time (MLT) sector as the reference signal to generate L‐MLT and meridional maps of the coherence, amplitude, and phase of the magnetospheric electric and magnetic field components defined in magnetic field aligned coordinates. We identify low‐frequency and high‐frequency components in Pi2 power spectra, and we are able to determine the mode structure of the high‐frequency events for the first time. The maps demonstrate that the poloidal components have higher coherence than the toroidal components. For each frequency component, the maps of the poloidal components agree with those of cavity mode oscillations obtained in a numerical simulation using realistic models for the magnetospheric mass density and magnetic field. This result is conclusive evidence of the cavity mode nature of Pi2 pulsations detected in the inner magnetosphere.
Low Frequency Plasmaspheric Hiss Wave Activity Parameterized by Plasmapause Location: Models and Simulations
Authors: Saikin A. A. , Drozdov A. Y. , Malaspina D. M.
Published: September 2022

Plasmaspheric hiss waves are a dominant source of scattering for keV‐MeV radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere. Previous simulation and modeling work concerning hiss waves has often incorporated them via particle‐based parameterizations (e.g., L‐shell). However, recent work has shown that not only is hiss wave power loosely dependent on L‐shell, but that proximity to the plasmapause may yield more accurate wave power distributions as it pertains to the modeling and scattering of electrons. This work serves to expand upon those previous studies by creating a low frequency (20–150 Hz) hiss wave model and incorporating a previously crafted high frequency (>150 Hz) hiss wave model based on plasmapause location, proximity to the plasmapause, and Kp activity level. Diffusion coefficients created using this method produced shorter lifetimes for electrons between ∼300 keV and 4 MeV than their L‐sorted counterparts. Furthermore, 3D‐simulations using and comparing the different hiss wave models (plasmapause sorting vs. L‐sorting) find that the plasmapause‐based approach yields more accurate results when compared to Van Allen Probe‐A observations.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Structure and Magma System of the Monogenetic Longgang Volcanic Field, Northeast China, Inferred From Broadband Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Zhao Lingqiang , Hu Yaxuan , Zhan Yan , Sun Xiangyu , Wang Qingliang , Zhu Yiqing , Cao Cong
Published: September 2022

The Longgang volcanic field (LVF) is one of the largest intraplate monogenetic volcanic regions in China, and eruption lasted from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene. Previous research shows that the LVF is not only experiencing rapid surface uplift but also significant seismic activity. The magmatic system under the LVF poses a hazard of potential eruption. The three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model developed by magnetotelluric data shows that the upper crust of the LVF and the surrounding areas hosts a high‐resistivity body composed of volcanic rocks produced by massive eruptions during past volcanic episodes. There are two main high‐conductivity structures below the depth of 10 km in the southwest and northeast of the LVF. The two structures merge in the lower crust and extend to the mantle. We interpret these high‐conductivity structures to be magmatic channels (the resistivity of C1 is 20–50 and C2 is 5–20 Ωm). Magmatic channel upwelling along the C1 may have caused the eruption of the Jinlongdingzi volcano 1,700 years ago. The C2 magmatic channel in the northeast of the LVF is larger and lower resistivity than C1. The modern surface uplift and seismicity in the LVF is a result of upwelling and intrusion along C2 magmatic channel. The Hunjiang fault passing through the LVF may also influence the upwelling of material along the C2 magmatic channel, posing a hazard of future eruption in the LVF. The high‐conductivity structures in the LVF pass through the Moho and extend to the upper mantle and are connected from the top to bottom. Combined with geochemical data, we speculate that the magmatic system in the LVF may directly come from the upper mantle and the magma has experienced rapid ascent with limited crustal internal evolution.
The Enhancement of Submesoscale Ageostrophic Motion on the Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Chunhua , Yang Zihao , Wang Dongxiao , Feng Ming , Su Jingzhi
Published: September 2022

Ageostrophic motion regulates the transformation of energy between large‐scale geostrophic motion and dissipate scale motion. By combining surface drifters and satellite altimeter data, we present the characteristics of the submesoscale ageostrophic motion (SMAM) with a temporal scale of 2–7 day in the South China Sea (SCS). The SMAM enhances the strength of the mesoscale eddies, inducing negative vorticity for anticyclonic eddies and positive vorticity for cyclonic eddies. Spatially, SMAM is significant and explains more than 20% of the total kinetic energy in the Kuroshio branch zone. The geostrophic eddy kinetic energy is higher in western SCS than the Kuroshio zone, but the submesoscale EKE is lower, which is suggested to be influenced by the developing stage of mesoscale eddies. The dominant oscillation period of SMAM in the SCS and northwestern Pacific is 7‐to 30 day intraseasonal variation. This spatiotemporal scale of SMAM is expected to be a good indicator for the simulation of oceanic circulation in submesoscale eddy‐resolving models.
Dynamical Controls of the Eastward Transport of Overwintering Calanus finmarchicus From the Lofoten Basin to the Continental Slope
Authors: Dong Huizi , Zhou Meng , Smith Walker O. , Li Baosheng , Hu Ziyuan , Basedow Sünnje L. , Gaardsted Frank , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhong Yisen
Published: September 2022

Diapausing populations of Calanus finmarchicus at depth in the Lofoten Basin (LB) return to the continental shelf and slope off the Lofoten‐Vesterålen Islands during the phytoplankton spring bloom to feed and spawn, forming surface swarms with a great abundance. To study how overwintering populations of C. finmarchicus move with the deep currents and return to the shelf, Lagrangian transport characteristics of particles in deep water between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed using Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation re‐analysis data and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs). Our analyses revealed that persistent eastward transport of diapausing C. finmarchicus between LB and continental slope occurred mainly between 600 and 1,100 m in the Arctic Intermediate Water. The consistency of the vertical distributions of C. finmarchicus abundance and salinity further suggests that physical factors control the horizontal distribution of the species. Hovmöller diagrams of kinetic energy indicate that there is an eastward advection of mean current at depth. The co‐occurrence between the eastward transport of LCSs and the eastward advection of the mean current provides direct evidence that the life history of C. finmarchicus is subjected to physical control in the Norwegian Sea.
HCCANet: histopathological image grading of colorectal cancer using CNN based on multichannel fusion attention mechanism
Authors: Zhou Panyun , Cao Yanzhen , Li Min , Ma Yuhua , Chen Chen , Gan Xiaojing , Wu Jianying , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Cheng
Published: September 2022

Histopathological image analysis is the gold standard for pathologists to grade colorectal cancers of different differentiation types. However, the diagnosis by pathologists is highly subjective and prone to misdiagnosis. In this study, we constructed a new attention mechanism named MCCBAM based on channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism, and developed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) method based on CNN and MCCBAM, called HCCANet. In this study, 630 histopathology images processed with Gaussian filtering denoising were included and gradient-weighted class activation map (Grad-CAM) was used to visualize regions of interest in HCCANet to improve its interpretability. The experimental results show that the proposed HCCANet model outperforms four advanced deep learning (ResNet50, MobileNetV2, Xception, and DenseNet121) and four classical machine learning (KNN, NB, RF, and SVM) techniques, achieved 90.2%, 85%, and 86.7% classification accuracy for colorectal cancers with high, medium, and low differentiation levels, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 87.3% and an average AUC value of 0.9.In addition, the MCCBAM constructed in this study outperforms several commonly used attention mechanisms SAM, SENet, SKNet, Non_Local, CBAM, and BAM on the backbone network. In conclusion, the HCCANet model proposed in this study is feasible for postoperative adjuvant diagnosis and grading of colorectal cancer.
Transition metal atom M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Cr) doping and oxygen vacancy modulated M–Ni5P4–NiMOH nanosheets as multifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting and urea electrolysis reaction
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Zhang Chenyi , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: September 2022

The necessary cell voltages are 1.57 V in 1.0 M KOH with 0.5 M urea for urea electrolysis for Co–Ni5P4–NiCoOH electrode.
Transition-metal-catalyzedorthoC–H functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Ghosh Sumit , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2022

This work systematically summarizes the recent advances in theorthoC–H functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines, with literature coverage from 2010 to 2022.
Hydroelastomers: soft, tough, highly swelling composites
Authors: Moser Simon , Feng Yanxia , Yasa Oncay , Heyden Stefanie , Kessler Michael , Amstad Esther , Dufresne Eric R. , Katzschmann Robert K. , Style Robert W.
Published: September 2022

Inspired by the cellular design of plant tissue, we present an approach to make versatile, tough, highly water-swelling composites.
Thermal Marangoni bubbles
Authors: Nath Saurabh , Ricard Guillaume , Jin Panlin , Bouillant Ambre , Quéré David
Published: September 2022

A thermal bubble, here seen from the top with an infra-red camera, forms when air reaches the surface of a hot bath: due to Marangoni forces, the liquid rises to the cool apex of the bubbles (from which it drips), enabling the bubble to be durable.
Online review analysis on various networks’ consumer feedback using deep learning
Authors: Liu Huajin
Published: September 2022

In order to understand the application of deep learning in consumer online review analysis, the text content of online review and the impact of national culture on it are studied. A consumer online comment analysis model based on deep learning is constructed and utilised using edge computing. With the online reviews of mobile phone and computer products as the case, the analysis is made. The data of online reviews on various network platforms is obtained. The model based on edge computing is used for analysis, and the results of product feature sentiment analysis are obtained. The results show that the deep learning model can achieve effective product feature extraction and high accuracy sentiment analysis, which is reasonable and effective in practical application.
Multi‐stage flexible planning of regional electricity‐HCNG‐integrated energy system considering gas pipeline retrofit and expansion
Authors: Qiu Yue , Zhou Suyang , Gu Wei , Ding Shixing , Han Gaoyan , Zhang Kang , Lv Hongkun
Published: September 2022

The development of hydrogen‐enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) can make full use of the existing natural gas infrastructure, thereby alleviating the economic and technical pressure on the development of pure hydrogen. This paper proposes a multi‐stage flexible planning method for the regional electricity‐HCNG‐integrated energy system (E‐HCNG‐IES), which considers the medium and long‐term dynamic characteristics of the E‐HCNG‐IES. For each sub‐regional energy station, an energy‐hub type model including hydrogen/HCNG‐related equipment and facilities is established. Considering the influence of hydrogen blending on the energy delivery capacity and line pack of pipelines, a hydrogen‐resistant retrofit model for existing natural gas pipelines between sub‐regions is proposed. Meanwhile, the model for newly constructed hydrogen pipelines is also presented. Subsequently, a series of flexibility evaluation indicators are proposed to support the performance analysis of planning schemes. The lateral comparison of sub‐cases in Changzhou, China demonstrates that considering the hydrogen‐resistant retrofit of natural gas pipelines can reduce the construction cost of hydrogen pipelines by about 37.12%. The peak shaving capacity of underground hydrogen storage (UHS), the energy recycling ability of turbo expander (TE), and the space‐time decoupling ability of hydrogen in energy supply and demand have also been confirmed.
GRB 080928 afterglow imaging and spectro-polarimetry
Authors: Brivio R. , Covino S. , D’Avanzo P. , Wiersema K. , Maund J. R. , Bernardini M. G. , Campana S. , Melandri A.
Published: September 2022

Context. Among the large variety of astrophysical sources that we can observe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic of the whole Universe. Their emission peaks in the γ-ray band, with a duration from a fraction of a second to a few hundred seconds, and is followed by an afterglow covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum. The definition of a general picture describing the physics behind GRBs has always been a compelling task, but the results obtained so far from observations have revealed a puzzling landscape. The lack of a clear, unique paradigm calls for further observations and additional, independent techniques for this purpose. Polarimetry constitutes a very useful example as it allows us to investigate some features of the source such as the geometry of the emitting region and the magnetic field configuration.

Aims. To date, only a handful of bursts detected by space telescopes have been accompanied by ground-based spectro-polarimetric follow-up, and therefore such an analysis of more GRBs is of crucial importance in order to increase the sample of bursts with multi-epoch polarisation analysis. In this work, we present the analysis of the GRB 080928 optical afterglow, with observations performed with the ESO-VLT FORS1 instrument.

Methods. Starting from raw data taken in the imaging polarimetry (IPOL) and spectro-polarimetry (PMOS) modes, we performed data reduction, followed by the photometric analysis of IPOL data, taken ~14 and ~40 h after the burst detection, and spectroscopy of PMOS data (t ~ 14.95 h). After computing the reduced Stokes parameters Q/I and U/I, which describe the linear polarisation of the emitted radiation, we obtained the polarisation degree for the three observing epochs.

Results. We find that the GRB optical afterglow was not significantly polarised on the first observing night. The polarisation degree (P) grew on the following night to a level of P ~ 4.5%, giving evidence of polarised radiation at a 4σ confidence level. The GRB 080928 light curve is not fully consistent with standard afterglow models, making any comparison with polarimetric models partly inconclusive. The most conservative interpretation is that the GRB emission was characterised by a homogeneous jet and was observed at an angle of 0.6 <θobs/θjet < 0.8. Moreover, the non-zero polarisation degree on the second night suggests the presence of a dominant locally ordered magnetic field in the emitting region.
Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA: The PUMA project
Authors: Lamperti I. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Perna M. , Colina L. , Arribas S. , García-Burillo S. , González-Alfonso E. , Aalto S. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Combes F. , Labiano A. , Piqueras-López J. , Rigopoulou D. , van der Werf P.
Published: September 2022

We study molecular outflows in a sample of 25 nearby (z < 0.17, d < 750 Mpc) ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) systems (38 individual nuclei) as part of the Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA (PUMA) survey, using ∼400 pc (0.1–1.0″ beam FWHM) resolution ALMA CO(2–1) observations. We used a spectro-astrometry analysis to identify high-velocity (> 300 km s−1) molecular gas disconnected from the galaxy rotation, which we attribute to outflows. In 77% of the 26 nuclei with log LIR/L⊙ > 11.8, we identified molecular outflows with an average vout = 490 km s−1, outflow masses 1 − 35 × 107 M⊙, mass outflow rates Ṁout = 6 − 300 M⊙ yr−1, mass-loading factors η = Ṁout/SFR = 0.1 − 1, and an average outflow mass escape fraction of 45 ± 6%. The majority of these outflows (18/20) are spatially resolved with radii of 0.2 − 0.9 kpc and have short dynamical times (tdyn = Rout/vout) in the range 0.5 − 2.8 Myr. The outflow detection rate is higher in nuclei dominated by starbursts (SBs, 14/15 = 93%) than in active galactic nuclei (AGN, 6/11 = 55%). Outflows perpendicular to the kinematic major axis are mainly found in interacting SBs. We also find that our sample does not follow the Ṁout versus AGN luminosity relation reported in previous works. In our analysis, we include a sample of nearby main-sequence galaxies (SFR = 0.3 − 17 M⊙ yr−1) with detected molecular outflows from the PHANGS-ALMA survey to increase the LIR dynamic range. Using these two samples, we find a correlation between the outflow velocity and the star-formation rate (SFR), as traced by LIR (vout ∝ SFR0.25±0.01), which is consistent with what was found for the atomic ionised and neutral phases. Using this correlation, and the relation between Mout/Rout and vout, we conclude that these outflows are likely momentum-driven. Finally, we compare the CO outflow velocities with the ones derived from the OH 119 μm doublet. In 76% of the targets, the outflow is detected in both CO and OH, while in three targets (18%) the outflow is only detected in CO, and in one target the outflow is detected in OH but not in CO. The difference between the OH and CO outflow velocities could be due to the far-IR background source required by the OH absorption which makes these observations more dependent on the specific outflow geometry.
Athor asteroid family as the source of the EL enstatite meteorites
Authors: Avdellidou C. , Delbo M. , Morbidelli A. , Walsh K. J. , Munaibari E. , Bourdelle de Micas J. , Devogèle M. , Fornasier S. , Gounelle M. , van Belle G.
Published: September 2022

The identification of meteorite parent bodies provides the context for understanding planetesimal formation and evolution as well as the key Solar System events they have witnessed. However, identifying such links has proven challenging and some appear ambiguous. Here, we identify that the family of asteroid fragments whose largest member is (161) Athor is the unique source of the rare EL enstatite chondrite meteorites, the closest meteorites to Earth in terms of their isotopic ratios. The Athor family was created by the collisional fragmentation of a parent body 3 Gyr ago in the inner main belt. We calculate that the diameter of the Athor family progenitor was 64 km in diameter, much smaller than the putative size of the EL original planetesimal. Therefore, we deduce that the EL planetesimal that accreted in the terrestrial planet region underwent a first catastrophic collision in that region, and one of its fragments suffered a more recent catastrophic collision in the main belt, generating the current source of the EL meteorites.
Trypsin-Inhibitor-Aktivität im Kolostrum – eine Übersicht
Authors: Georgiev Plamen , Wehrend Axel , Trzebiatowski Lukas
Published: September 2022

Die wichtige Rolle von Kolostrum für das Immunsystem des Neonaten ist lange bekannt. Proteine und vor allem Immunglobuline müssen nach der Aufnahme den Verdauungstrakt mit seinen proteolytischen Enzymen intakt passieren, um in den neonatalen Kreislauf aufgenommen werden zu können. Aus diesem Grund weist Kolostrum eine trypsininhibitorische Aktivität auf. Die Anti-Trypsin-Aktivität wird dabei nicht nur von einem einzigen Molekül getragen, sondern ist eine generelle Eigenschaft des Erstkolostrums. Bei Paarhufern lässt sich eine hohe Trypsin-Inhibition nachweisen, die in den ersten Tagen der Laktation stark abfällt. Auch beim Pferd ist eine Trypsin-Inhibition im Kolostrum festzustellen. Die Bedeutung wird in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert, weil die Anti-Trypsin-Aktivität im Vergleich zu den Klauentieren geringer ausgeprägt ist und weniger Stabilität im sauren Milieu zeigt. Im Kolostrum von Fleischfressern findet sich ebenfalls eine Anti-Trypsin-Aktivität, die jedoch weniger stark ausgeprägt ist als bei den Huftieren. Diese Literaturübersicht hat zum Ziel, das bekannte Wissen zur Anti-Trypsin-Aktivität im Kolostrum verschiedener Spezies zusammenzufassen.
Glaukomassoziierte Makulopathien
Authors: Teuchner Barbara , Rauchegger Teresa
Published: September 2022

Bei Vorliegen eines Glaukoms kann es im Verlauf der Erkrankung selbst oder von dessen Therapie zu verschiedenen Veränderungen in der Makula kommen. Zu den Makulopathien, die bei Glaukomen
beobachtet werden können, zählen das zystoide Makulaödem, die hypotone Makulopathie und das mikrozystische Makulaödem. Im folgenden Artikel wird auf Pathophysiologie, Ursachen, Verlauf,
klinisches Erscheinungsbild und Therapie dieser Makulopathien eingegangen.
Hörverlust nach Anwendung topischer Otitispräparate bei Hunden
Authors: Neubert Ann , Tannert Sabine , Pirk Gwenda
Published: September 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Über Hörverlust, der in zeitlichem Zusammenhang mit der topischen Anwendung von Otologika auftritt, wird dem Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) regelmäßig in Form von Meldungen unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) berichtet. Obwohl in den Fachinformationen der in Deutschland zugelassenen Otologika Taubheit oder Beeinträchtigung des Hörvermögens als mögliche Nebenwirkungen aufgeführt sind, gibt es über die zugrundeliegenden Ursachen nur wenig Informationen.

Material und Methoden Fälle zu Hörverlust nach Anwendung von Otologika wurden in der nationalen UAW-Datenbank des BVL recherchiert und deskriptiv analysiert. Dabei wurden Fälle,

in denen Katzen betroffen waren, aufgrund der geringen Anzahl ausgeschlossen. Mögliche Risikofaktoren und Ursachen für Hörverlust wurden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Literatur betrachtet.

Ergebnisse Obwohl in den Berichten Tiere aller Altersgruppen betroffen waren, bezog sich der überwiegende Anteil der Meldungen auf Tiere, die älter als 10 Jahre waren. Nach Mischlingen waren am häufigsten Hunde der Rassen West Highland White Terrier, Dalmatiner, Zwergpudel und Französische Bulldogge involviert. Die Analyse der vorliegenden Daten deutet nicht auf spezifische Präparate oder Wirkstoffe hin, welche mit gehäuftem Auftreten eines Hörverlusts in Verbindung stehen könnten.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Neben einer möglichen Ototoxizität eines Präparates sollten auch andere Ursachen für den Hörverlust in Betracht gezogen werden, wie z. B. die zugrundeliegende Otitis selbst, Altersschwerhörigkeit, eine bisher unentdeckte einseitige Taubheit oder Schallleitungstaubheit durch Obstruktion des Gehörgangs. Neben dem Absetzen potenziell ototoxischer Stoffe kommt die Behandlung von Schallleitungstaubheit, z. B. durch die Entfernung von Medikamentenresten und Exsudat oder die Behandlung einer Otitis media, als Therapieoption infrage. Im Fall eines Hörverlusts nach der Anwendung von Otologika sollte eine möglichst detaillierte Meldung dieses Ereignisses an das BVL erfolgen, um die Datenlage zu diesem Thema weiter zu verbessern.