bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Components of a Behavior Change Model Drive Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Authors: Mayo Nancy E. , Mate Kedar , Akinrolie Olayinka , Chan Hong , Salbach Nancy M. , Webber Sandra C. , Barclay Ruth
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to inform a measurement approach for older persons who wish to engage in active living such as participating in a walking program. The Patient Generated Index, an individualized measurement approach, and directed and summative content analyses were carried out. A sample size of 204 participants (mean age 75 years; 62% women) was recruited; it generated 934 text threads mapped to 460 unique categories within 45 domains with similarities and differences for women and men. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviors Model best linked the domains. The results suggest that older persons identify the need to overcome impaired capacity, low motivation, and barriers to engagement to live actively. These are all areas that active living programs could address. How to measure the outcomes of these programs remains elusive.
What Do We Know About the Value of Sport for Older Adults? A Scoping Review
Authors: Patelia Shruti , Mazhar Alia , Baker Joseph
Published: January 2023

Issues relating to older adults in sport are ongoing topics of interest among sport scientists; however, our knowledge on how older athletes have been studied is incomplete, which has implications for understanding the comprehensiveness of this evidence base. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of how sport and older adults have been studied since the first World Masters Games. Data on research topics, research methods, sport-specific information, and demographic information on older athletes were collected and reviewed. Results suggest older athletes who are White, male, and competitive athletes have largely been the focus of research. In addition, results highlight an alarming number of unreported data related to the demographics of athlete samples. As a result, the well-documented benefits of sport may reflect a homogenous group of older adults, limiting our overall understanding of aging and sport and the value of this research for developing evidence-informed policy.
The Socioeconomic Paradox of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Europe
Authors: Moreno-Llamas Antonio , García-Mayor Jesús , De la Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto
Published: January 2023

Background: A low socioeconomic status (SES) presents lower physical activity; however, the relationship between SES and sedentary behavior (SB) remains unclear. We aimed to assess this association of SES with physical activity (PA) and SB. Methods: We employed representative self-reported data of the European Union from the cross-sectional survey Eurobarometer 2017, comprising a final sample of 13,708 citizens (18–64 y old), to assess the association of SES (education, occupation, and economic issues) with PA and sitting time quartiles, and to describe inequalities in vigorous, moderate, and walking activity and sitting time. Results: Multinomial regressions revealed that people from higher SESs were more likely to report higher PA; nonetheless, higher educational attainment and occupations were also associated with higher sitting time but not with lower economic issues. The inequality, shown by Gini coefficients, describes a socioeconomic gradient in vigorous and moderate activity, from higher inequality in lower statuses to lower inequality in higher statuses. The Gini coefficients also indicated higher socioeconomic inequalities in PA than SB. Conclusions: Higher SESs showed paradoxically more PA and SB; however, sitting time presented smaller differences and a more homogeneous distribution across the population.
On Thin Ice: Toward A Modified Male Peer Support Theory of Professional Hockey Players’ Violence Against Women
Authors: DeKeseredy Walter S. , Cowan Stu , Schwartz Martin D.
Published: January 2023

There was a burst of creative social scientific investigation into hypermasculine male athletes’ violence against women in the 1980s and 1990s, but this interest has seemed to have dried up. Furthermore, the extant literature on this problem is for the most part atheoretical and devoid of sociological ways of knowing. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to highlight the value of applying a modified male peer support theory of male-to-female violence to explain the linkage between playing professional hockey and online and offline variants of woman abuse.
A tissue atlas of ulcerative colitis revealing evidence of sex-dependent differences in disease-driving inflammatory cell types and resistance to TNF inhibitor therapy
Authors: Mayer Aaron T. , Holman Derek R. , Sood Anav , Tandon Utkarsh , Bhate Salil S. , Bodapati Sunil , Barlow Graham L. , Chang Jeff , Black Sarah , Crenshaw Erica C. , Koron Alexander N. , Streett Sarah E. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. , Sandborn William J. , Boland Brigid S. , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert , Chang John T. , Nolan Garry P. , Schürch Christian M. , Rogalla Stephan
Published: January 2023

Although literature suggests that resistance to TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is partially linked to immune cell populations in the inflamed region, there is still substantial uncertainty underlying the relevant spatial context. Here, we used the highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging technology CODEX to create a publicly browsable tissue atlas of inflammation in 42 tissue regions from 29 patients with UC and 5 healthy individuals. We analyzed 52 biomarkers on 1,710,973 spatially resolved single cells to determine cell types, cell-cell contacts, and cellular neighborhoods. We observed that cellular functional states are associated with cellular neighborhoods. We further observed that a subset of inflammatory cell types and cellular neighborhoods are present in patients with UC with TNFi treatment, potentially indicating resistant niches. Last, we explored applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to our dataset with respect to patient clinical variables. We note concerns and offer guidelines for reporting CNN-based predictions in similar datasets.
High-gain, low-voltage unipolar logic circuits based on nanoscale flexible organic thin-film transistors with small signal delays
Authors: Haldar Tanumita , Wollandt Tobias , Weis Jürgen , Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Weitz R. Thomas , Burghartz Joachim N. , Geiger Michael
Published: January 2023

One of the circuit topologies for the implementation of unipolar integrated circuits (circuits that use either p-channel or n-channel transistors, but not both) is the zero-
V
GS
architecture. Zero-
V
GS
circuits often provide excellent static performance (large small-signal gain and large noise margins), but they suffer from the large signal delay imposed by the load transistor. To address this limitation, we have used electron-beam lithography to fabricate zero-
V
GS
circuits based on organic transistors with channel lengths as small as 120 nm on flexible polymeric substrates. For a supply voltage of 3 V, these circuits have characteristic signal-delay time constants of 14 ns for the low-to-high transition and 560 ns for the high-to-low transition of the circuit’s output voltage. These signal delays represent the best dynamic performance reported to date for organic transistor–based zero-
V
GS
circuits. The signal-delay time constant of 14 ns is also the smallest signal delay reported to date for flexible organic transistors.
Single-cell profiling identifies ACE
+
granuloma macrophages as a nonpermissive niche for intracellular bacteria during persistent
Salmonella
infection
Authors: Pham Trung H. M. , Xue Yuan , Brewer Susan M. , Bernstein Kenneth E. , Quake Stephen R. , Monack Denise M.
Published: January 2023

Macrophages mediate key antimicrobial responses against intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as
Salmonella enterica
. Yet, they can also act as a permissive niche for these pathogens to persist in infected tissues within granulomas, which are immunological structures composed of macrophages and other immune cells. We apply single-cell transcriptomics to investigate macrophage functional diversity during persistent
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
Tm) infection in mice. We identify determinants of macrophage heterogeneity in infected spleens and describe populations of distinct phenotypes, functional programming, and spatial localization. Using an
S
Tm mutant with impaired ability to polarize macrophage phenotypes, we find that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) defines a granuloma macrophage population that is nonpermissive for intracellular bacteria, and their abundance anticorrelates with tissue bacterial burden. Disruption of pathogen control by neutralizing TNF is linked to preferential depletion of ACE
+
macrophages in infected tissues. Thus, ACE
+
macrophages have limited capacity to serve as cellular niche for intracellular bacteria to establish persistent infection.
Critical mechanistic features of HIV-1 viral capsid assembly
Authors: Gupta Manish , Pak Alexander J. , Voth Gregory A.
Published: January 2023

The maturation of HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) into a cone-shaped lattice capsid is critical for viral infectivity. CA can self-assemble into a range of capsid morphologies made of ~175 to 250 hexamers and 12 pentamers. The cellular polyanion inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has recently been demonstrated to facilitate conical capsid formation by coordinating a ring of arginine residues within the central cavity of capsid hexamers and pentamers. However, the kinetic interplay of events during IP6 and CA coassembly is unclear. In this work, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanism of capsid formation, including the role played by IP6. We show that IP6, in small quantities at first, promotes curvature generation by trapping pentameric defects in the growing lattice and shifts assembly behavior toward kinetically favored outcomes. Our analysis also suggests that IP6 can stabilize metastable capsid intermediates and can induce structural pleomorphism in mature capsids.
In situ visualization of Braun’s lipoprotein on
E. coli
sacculi
Authors: Sheng Qi , Zhang Meng-Yao , Liu Si-Min , Chen Zhuo-Wei , Yang Pei-Ling , Zhang Hong-Su , Liu Meng-Yun , Li Kang , Zhao Long-Sheng , Liu Ning-Hua , Liu Lu-Ning , Chen Xiu-Lan , Hobbs Jamie K. , Foster Simon J. , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Su Hai-Nan
Published: January 2023

Braun’s lipoprotein (Lpp) plays a major role in stabilizing the integrity of the cell envelope in
Escherichia coli
, as it provides a covalent cross-link between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. An important challenge in elucidating the physiological role of Lpp lies in attaining a detailed understanding of its distribution on the peptidoglycan layer. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we visualized Lpp directly on peptidoglycan sacculi. Lpp is homogeneously distributed over the outer surface of the sacculus at a high density. However, it is absent at the constriction site during cell division, revealing its role in the cell division process with Pal, another cell envelope–associated protein. Collectively, we have established a framework to elucidate the distribution of Lpp and other peptidoglycan-bound proteins via a direct imaging modality.
Unravelling biotic versus abiotic processes in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts
Authors: Laurent D. , Barré G. , Durlet C. , Cartigny P. , Carpentier C. , Paris G. , Collon P. , Pironon J. , Gaucher E.C.
Published: January 2023

In carbonate rocks, natural production of sulfuric acid can form karstic cavities. Where both epigenic and hypogenic speleogeneses have taken place, these processes are challenging to constrain, especially if there is more than one source of sulfur involved. Thanks to an innovative approach coupling geomorphology with measurements of multiple sulfur, oxygen, and strontium isotopes, our study of two French Pyrenean caves quantifies the relative influence of both microbial and thermochemical processes implied in sulfuric-acid production. Multiple sulfur isotopes reveal that sulfate speleothems derived from a mixing of microbial H2S in hydrothermal water and fossil thermochemical H2S previously trapped within the cave host rock. We quantify the percentages of biotic and abiotic sulfuric-acid speleogeneses that have taken place in these caves, paving the way for similar studies of other sulfuric-acid caves where usually only microbial activity has been considered.
Slab window–related magmatism as a probe for pyroxenite heterogeneities in the upper mantle
Authors: Hole Malcolm J. , Gibson Sally A. , Morris Matthew C.
Published: January 2023

New high-precision trace-element analyses of magmatic olivines point to a pyroxenite-dominated source for recent alkali basalts erupted above slab windows formed along the Antarctic Peninsula. Melting occurred at ambient mantle temperature, and basalts have geochemical compositions that are indistinguishable from ocean-island basalts (OIBs). We propose that the pyroxenite component originally resided in the upper mantle beneath the subducted slab; formation of a slab window allowed limited decompression and the generation of melts of garnet-pyroxenite, but little or no melting of mantle peridotite. The pyroxenite component in the mantle formed ca. 550 Ma, an age that does not require long-term recycling of subducting slabs to the core-mantle boundary. Enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) from the adjacent extinct Phoenix Ridge owes its enriched trace-element compositions to mixing between small melt fractions of pyroxenite and peridotite during a period of decreased spreading rate prior to the death of the ridge ca. 3.3 Ma. It is likely that the variable trace-element enrichment seen in East Pacific Rise E-MORB distal from hotspots results from the same process of interactions between small-melt-fraction (<~5%) melts of pyroxenite and peridotite.
Crater formation during the onset of mud volcanism
Authors: Pryce Evan , Kirkham Chris , Cartwright Joe
Published: January 2023

Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic imaging was used to reveal >2.5-km-wide and >150-m-deep craters at the basal surface of 64 mud volcanoes out of a suite of 86, offshore Egypt. The craters were infilled soon after they formed by successive mud extrusions that combined to build mud volcanoes, as evidenced by onlap fill geometries of the earliest mud flows. We propose that the craters formed as the earliest manifestation of mud volcano formation. We infer that the energy required to excise in situ clays and sands buried and consolidated to depths over 150 m below the seafloor was provided by the highly vigorous venting of a dominantly gas and water mix during the initial eruption, in which gas column height was the critical factor. This primary phase of mud volcanism is rarely observed, and the findings presented here have significant implications for interpretations of the dynamism during this fundamental stage of mud volcano genesis.
Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis among uveitis patients in Kinshasa, DR Congo
Authors: Nsiangani Lusambo Nadine , Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo Dieudonné , Mumba Ngoyi Dieudonné , Akilimali Zalagile Pierre , de-la-Torre Alejandra
Published: January 2023

Objective

To identify the risk factors associated with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in a cohort of Congolese patients with uveitis.

Methods and analysis

A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2020 and July 2021 in two ophthalmic clinics in Kinshasa. Patients with a diagnosis of uveitis were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent an interview, an ophthalmological examination and serology testing. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for OT.

Results

212 patients were included in the study with a mean age at presentation of 42.1±15.9 years (limits: 8–74 years) and a sex ratio of 1.1:1. OT concerned 96 patients (45.3%). The age of the patients below 60 years (p=0.001, OR=9.75 CI 95% 2.51 to37.80)), the consumption of cat meat (p=0.01, OR=2.65 CI 95% 1.18 to 5.96)) and undercooked meat (p=0.044, OR=2.30 CI 95% 1.02 to 5.21)) and living in rural area (p=0.021, OR=11.4 (CI 95% 1.45 to 89.84])) were identified as risk factors for OT.

Conclusion

OT affects more young people. It is associated with dietary habits. Informing and educating the population is necessary to avoid infection.
Swedish Child Health Services Register: a quality register for child health services and children’s well-being
Authors: Wennergren Mattias , Berg Karin , Frisk Cavefors Ann-Sofie , Edin Helena , Ekholm Leif , Gelander Lars , Golsäter Marie , Hedman Jennie , Holmgren Anton , Karlsson Videhult Frida , Levin Anna , Silfverdal Sven Arne , Wallby Thomas , Fäldt Anna Erica
Published: January 2023

Background

Swedish child health services (CHS) is a free-of-charge healthcare system that reaches almost all children under the age of 6. The aim for the CHS is to improve children’s physical, psychological and social health by promoting health and development, preventing illness and detecting emerging problems early in the child’s life. The services are defined in a national programme divided into three parts: universal interventions, targeted interventions and indicated interventions.

The Swedish Child Health Services Register (BHVQ) is a national Quality Register developed in 2013. The register extracts data from the child’s health record and automatically presents current data in real time. At present, the register includes 21 variables.

Aim

We aim to describe data available in the BHVQ and the completeness of data in BHVQ across variables.

Methods

Child-specific data were exported from the register, and data for children born in the regions were retrieved from Statistics Sweden to calculate coverage.

Results

The register includes over 110 000 children born between 2011 and 2022 from 221 child healthcare centres in eight of Sweden’s 21 regions. In seven of the eight regions, 100% of centres report data.

The completeness of data differs between participating regions and birth cohorts. The average coverage for children born in 2021 is 71%.

Conclusions

The BHVQ is a valuable resource for evaluating Child Health Services nationally, with high coverage for the youngest children. As a result of continuous improvement of the services, the possibility to follow the development of children’s health in Sweden is possible through the register. When fully expanded, the register will be a natural and essential part of developing preventive services, improving healthcare for children below 6 years of age and a tool for developing evidence-based child health interventions.
The harm principle, personal identity and identity-relative paternalism
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic
Published: January 2023

Is it ethical for doctors or courts to prevent patients from making choices that will cause significant harm to themselves in the future? According to an important liberal principle the only justification for infringing the liberty of an individual is to prevent harm to others; harm to the self does not suffice.

In this paper, I explore Derek Parfit’s arguments that blur the sharp line between harm to self and others. I analyse cases of treatment refusal by capacitous patients and describe different forms of paternalism arising from a reductionist view of personal identity. I outline an Identity Relative Paternalistic Intervention Principle for determining when we should disallow refusal of treatment where the harm will be accrued by a future self, and consider objections including vagueness and non-identity.

Identity relative paternalism does not always justify intervention to prevent harm to future selves. However, there is a stronger ethical case for doing so than is often recognised.
EyeG2P: an automated variant filtering approach improves efficiency of diagnostic genomic testing for inherited ophthalmic disorders
Authors: Lenassi Eva , Carvalho Ana , Thormann Anja , Abrahams Liam , Arno Gavin , Fletcher Tracy , Hardcastle Claire , Lopez Javier , Hunt Sarah E , Short Patrick , Sergouniotis Panagiotis I , Michaelides Michel , Webster Andrew , Cunningham Fiona , Ramsden Simon C , Kasperaviciute Dalia , Fitzpatrick David R ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Black Graeme C , Ellingford Jamie M
Published: January 2023

Background

Genomic variant prioritisation is one of the most significant bottlenecks to mainstream genomic testing in healthcare. Tools to improve precision while ensuring high recall are critical to successful mainstream clinical genomic testing, in particular for whole genome sequencing where millions of variants must be considered for each patient.

Methods

We developed EyeG2P, a publicly available database and web application using the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. EyeG2P is tailored for efficient variant prioritisation for individuals with inherited ophthalmic conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of EyeG2P in 1234 individuals with a broad range of eye conditions who had previously received a confirmed molecular diagnosis through routine genomic diagnostic approaches. For a prospective cohort of 83 individuals, we assessed the precision of EyeG2P in comparison with routine diagnostic approaches. For 10 additional individuals, we assessed the utility of EyeG2P for whole genome analysis.

Results

EyeG2P had 99.5% sensitivity for genomic variants previously identified as clinically relevant through routine diagnostic analysis (n=1234 individuals). Prospectively, EyeG2P enabled a significant increase in precision (35% on average) in comparison with routine testing strategies (p<0.001). We demonstrate that incorporation of EyeG2P into whole genome sequencing analysis strategies can reduce the number of variants for analysis to six variants, on average, while maintaining high diagnostic yield.

Conclusion

Automated filtering of genomic variants through EyeG2P can increase the efficiency of diagnostic testing for individuals with a broad range of inherited ophthalmic disorders.
Identifying mature fish aggregation areas during spawning season by combining catch declarations and scientific survey data
Authors: Alglave Baptiste , Vermard Youen , Rivot Etienne , Etienne Marie-Pierre , Woillez Mathieu
Published: January 2023

Identifying and protecting essential fish habitats like spawning grounds requires an accurate knowledge of fish spatio-temporal distribution. Commercial declarations coupled with Vessel Monitoring System provide fine scale information on the full year to map fish distribution and identify essential habitats. We developed an integrated framework to infer fish spatial distribution on a monthly time step by combining scientific and commercial data while explicitly considering the preferential sampling of fisher towards areas of higher biomass. We developed a method to identify areas of persistent aggregation of biomass during the spawning season and interpret these as spawning areas. The model is applied to infer maps of relative biomass for three species (sole, whiting and squids) in the Bay of Biscay on a monthly time step over a 9 year period. Integrating several fleets in inference provides a good coverage of the area and improves model predictions. The preferential sampling parameters give insights into the temporal dynamics of the targeting behavior of the different fleets. Last, persistent aggregation areas reveal consistent with the available literature on spawning grounds, highlighting the potential of our approach to identify reproduction areas.
Redd superimposition mediates the accuracy, precision, and significance of redd counts for cutthroat trout
Authors: Baldock Jeffrey R. , Al-Chokhachy Robert , Walsworth Timothy E. , Walters Annika
Published: January 2023

Redd counts are commonly applied to estimate spawning population size for salmonids and allow for broad spatial and temporal coverage in monitoring efforts. However, the utility of redd counts may be compromised by observation error, particularly with respect to superimposition, where later arriving spawners construct redds overlapping existing redds. Here, we provide a mechanistic evaluation of the effects of superimposition on the error structure and biological significance of redd count data for Yellowstone cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) spawning within tributaries to the Snake River, Wyoming. We used a Bayesian framework to parse observation error into distinct components and found low detection of redd clusters (i.e., areas of superimposition) was offset by overestimates of the number of redds per cluster, such that observed counts accurately reflected census redd abundance. However, a saturating relationship between redd counts and spawner abundance indicated that counts is best interpreted as effective reproductive effort rather than spawner abundance. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of redd count data that can be used to assess their application and interpretation for monitoring.
Influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones on inflammatory proteins and cardioprotective factor HIF-1α in the infarcted heart
Authors: Ortiz Vanessa Duarte , Teixeira Rayane Brinck , Türck Patrick , Corssac Giana Blume , Belló-Klein Adriane , de Castro Alexandre Luz , Araujo Alex Sander da Rosa
Published: January 2023

Inflammatory pathways of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) pathophysiology. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), however, is a key transcription factor related to cardioprotection. This study aimed to compare the influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones (TH) on inflammatory and HIF-1α proteins and on cardiac haemodynamics in the infarcted heart. Male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: sham-operated group (SHAM), infarcted group (MI), infarcted treated with the carvedilol group (MI + C), infarcted treated with the TH group (MI + TH), and infarcted co-treated with the carvedilol and TH group (MI + C + TH). Haemodynamic analysis was assessed 15 days post-AMI. The left ventricle (LV) was collected for morphometric and Western blot analysis. The MI group presented LV systolic pressure reduction, LV end-diastolic pressure elevation, and contractility index decrease compared to the SHAM group. The MI + C, MI + TH, and MI + C + TH groups did not reveal such alterations compared to the SHAM group. The MI + TH and MI + C + TH groups presented reduced MyD88 and NLRP3 and increased HIF-1α levels. In conclusion, all treatments preserve the cardiac haemodynamic, and only TH, as isolated treatment or in co-treatment with carvedilol, was able to reduce MyD88 and NLRP3 and increase HIF-1α in the infarcted heart.
Effects of postharvest deficit irrigation on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in five Okanagan Valley, Canada, orchards: II. Phenology, cold hardiness, fruit yield, and quality
Authors: Houghton E. , Bevandick K. , Neilsen D. , Hannam K. , Nelson L.M.
Published: January 2023

Irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions is expected to increase in the future, which puts greater demands on scarce water resources. Sustainable irrigation strategies in semi-arid regions will support agricultural resilience to climatic change. The response of “Sweetheart”/Mazzard sweet cherry trees ( Prunus avium L.) to postharvest deficit irrigation (PDI), as a water conservation method, was studied over three seasons (2019–2022) in the semi-arid Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, at five commercial orchards. The following irrigation treatments were applied; ( i) a control of full irrigation, irrigated according to conventional growers’ practice at each orchard, ( ii) PDI-30: 27%–33% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (67%–73% of control), and ( iii) PDI-50: 47%–52% reduction in irrigation volume, after harvest (48–53% of control). Spring phenology (the timing of flower bud development, from side green to full bloom), flower bud moisture content and cold hardiness, and fruit yield and quality (before and after cold storage and shelf-life conditions) were assessed to determine if PDI altered fruit development over the subsequent growing season. Neither PDI-30 nor PDI-50 caused changes in the timing of flower bud phenology, cold hardiness or moisture content relative to the control. PDI treatments also had no effect on fruit yield or fruit quality at harvest or after storage and shelf-life conditions. These results suggest PDI could be used to reduce irrigation water use in semi-arid regions, like the Okanagan Valley, without affecting sweet cherry production or fruit quality.
Deciphering the complex trophic relationship of the black-spotted croaker (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) and its parasites using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Porter Megan , Barton Diane P. , Shamsi Shokoofeh , Crook David A. , Randall Jo
Published: January 2023

The stable isotope values of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) have been widely used in ecological studies to decipher the trophic relationships and interactions that occur between living organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the trophic relationship between a commercially important tropical Australian marine fish ( Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)) (Sciaenidae) and its associated parasites, through stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon (δ15N and δ13C). We examined the stable isotope ecology of four parasitic organisms: adult ectoparasitic copepods, and endoparasitic adult digeneans and nematodes and plerocercoids. Nitrogen in endoparasites was consistently depleted when compared with the host; however, digeneans expressed nitrogen signatures almost equivalent to those of the host. Ectoparasitic copepods were the only parasite that was substantially enriched in nitrogen compared with the host. All adult parasitic organisms were carbon depleted when compared with the host tissue associated with the site of infection; however, plerocercoids were enriched. Our findings emphasize the complexity of parasite–host interactions and the varying values of isotopic discrimination between parasite type, life-cycle stage, and location in host.
𝔤𝔩(1|1)-Alexander polynomial for 3-manifolds
Authors: Bao Yuanyuan , Ito Noboru
Published: January 2023

As an extension of Reshetikhin and Turaev’s invariant, Costantino, Geer and Patureau-Mirand constructed [Formula: see text]-manifold invariants in the setting of relative [Formula: see text]-modular categories, which include both semi-simple and non-semi-simple ribbon tensor categories as examples. In this paper, we follow their method to construct a [Formula: see text]-manifold invariant from Viro’s [Formula: see text]-Alexander polynomial. We take lens spaces [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as examples to show that this invariant can distinguish homotopy equivalent manifolds.
Energy level matched by an external electric field in nontoxic halide perovskite CH3NH3SnI3
Authors: Na Mula , Ji Denghui , Zhang Lihong , Shi Mengfei , Li Xiuling
Published: January 2023

To solve the energy level matching problem of the hybrid perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 with a band gap of 1.3 eV, we investigate the key role of an externally applied electric field. First-principle calculations were performed to determine the physical properties of this material under an external electric field. Based on the results, it was determined that the additional energy supplied by the electric field can increase the cell volume and induce structural distortion of hybrid perovskites. The electric field reduced the band gap of CH3NH3SnI3. In addition, the Fermi level, valence band maximum and conduction band minimum were adjusted to match the energies level of the transport layers. Specifically, we outline the physical mechanism of band structure reconstitution induced by the Stark effect.
The description of nuclear superdeformed rotational bands in A∼190 region with pq formula
Authors: Yao Zhen , Zeng Guo-Mo
Published: January 2023

The nuclear superdeformed (SD) rotational bands in [Formula: see text] mass region were systematically analyzed with the two-parameter [Formula: see text] formula. The study of the observed transition energies by using the best-fitting method shows that the [Formula: see text] formula can provide excellent descriptions of the SD bands. The analysis of two types of moments of inertia ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and bandhead moment of inertia ([Formula: see text]) also demonstrates the reliability of the [Formula: see text] formula in describing the SD bands. Finally, by using the [Formula: see text] formula, the unobserved transition energies for the lower and higher spin regions were predicted herein.
Statistical Test of Detrended Multiple Moving Average Cross-Correlation Analysis and Its Application in Financial Market
Authors: Cao Guangxi , Xie Wenhao
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we first proposed a statistical test for the detrended multiple moving average cross-correlation coefficient [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] mainly was used to analyze the correlation between the dependent variable y and other n independent variables [Formula: see text]. We proved that [Formula: see text] approximately obeys the chi-square distribution. We studied the statistical properties of the [Formula: see text] between normally distributed random sequences and power-law [Formula: see text] long memory random sequences. Furthermore, we discussed the influence of the cross-correlation among the target variable and independent variables on [Formula: see text]. Finally, we further study the application of [Formula: see text] to China’s stock markets and China carbon emission trading markets to investigate multiple cross-correlation. The empirical results show that there is a strong multiple correlation between China’s Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets, while the correlation between China’s carbon markets is not significant. This paper provides new ideas and theoretical support for exploring the correlation between multiple variables, which has implications for investors and policymakers.
Photochemistry and photocatalysis of transition-metal porphyrin complexes and analogues
Authors: Hong Young Hyun , Lee Yong-Min , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: January 2023

Although photoexcited state lifetimes of transition-metal porphyrin complexes are usually too short to exhibit any appreciable reactivity in intermolecular redox reactions with substrates, there are several cases to show enough lifetimes of the photoexcited states of transition-metal porphyrins and analogues to be involved in intermolecular photoredox reactions. This minireview focuses on such examples of photochemistry and photocatalysis of transition-metal porphyrins and analogues. For example, supramolecular complexes of transition-metal porphyrins with fullerene and its derivatives undergo fast charge separation to produce the charge-separated states upon photoexcitation, the lifetimes of which are longer than those of transition-metal porphyrins themselves. The photoexcited state of [Co[Formula: see text]TPP][Formula: see text] (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin dianion) acts as a good electron acceptor to form an exciplex with hexamethylbenzene, leading to the photocatalytic oxygenation of hexamethylbenzene with dioxygen. In contrast to [Co[Formula: see text]TPP][Formula: see text], the photoexcited state of [Mn[Formula: see text](TBP8Cz): TBP8Cz = octakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)corrolazinato[Formula: see text]] acts as an electron donor to react with O2(electron acceptor), producing the superoxo-Mn(IV) complex, by which hexamethylbenzene is oxidized to yield pentamethylbenzyl alcohol. A manganese porphyrin complex that is covalently linked to graphene oxide (GO) sheets is shown to act as a photoredox catalyst for photocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation of trans-stilbene with O2and isobutyraldehyde in the presence of imidazole to show high enantioselectivity (ee 100%) under photoirradiation. The photoexcited states of photo-labile Mn-porphyrin chlorates or bromates undergo homolytic cleavage to produce active radical species which are responsible for photocatalysis in the photocatalytic oxidation with substrates.
Some Edelstein’s Fixed Point Theorems in B-S Type Fuzzy Normed Linear Spaces
Authors: Biswas Amit , Chiney Moumita , Samanta S. K.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, some Edelstein’s fixed point theorems involving the concept of asymptotic centre in uniformly convex Banach spaces are proved in Bag and Samanta type fuzzy normed linear spaces.
Deficiency, relation gap and two-dimensional groups
Authors: Kar Aditi , Nikolov Nikolay
Published: January 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a finitely presented, residually finite group and let [Formula: see text] denote the deficiency of [Formula: see text]. Assume that every subgroup [Formula: see text] of finite index in [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text]. We conjecture that [Formula: see text] has a two-dimensional finite classifying space [Formula: see text]. This conjecture is motivated by an open question about the deficiency gradient of groups and their [Formula: see text]-Betti numbers. In this note, we relate this conjecture to the relation gap problem for group presentations. We verify the pro-[Formula: see text] version of the conjecture, as well as its higher dimensional abstract analogs.
Field emission characterization of nanoFEAs on single crystal CeB6 surface fabricated by focused ion beam milling
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Guo Zhiying , Yuan Xiaofeng , Zhu Zunwei , Gao Qianqian , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2023

The field emission tip arrays with sub-100 nm apices (nanoFEAs) on single crystal cerium hexaboride (CeB6) surface were fabricated by the focused ion beam (FIB) milling microtechnology. The surface morphologies and field emissions of the nanoFEAs are systematically characterized. FIB milling, similar to the physical stripping process, can fabricate the nanoFEAs single crystal CeB6 with uniform morphologies. The nanoFEAs with sharp tips of size about 50 nm demonstrate the lowest turn-on electric fields (2.0 V/[Formula: see text]m), as well as a high current ([Formula: see text]1 mA) at the field of 6.7 V/[Formula: see text]m and a high stable emission current. Such excellent performances make CeB6 nanoFEAs promising candidates for application in field emission electronics.
Line graphs associated to Von Neumann regular graphs of rings
Authors: Boro Laithun , Singh Madan Mohan
Published: January 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with unity. Taloukolaei and Sahebi [Von Neumann regular graphs associated with rings, Discrete Math. Algorithms Appl. 10(3) (2018) 1850029, doi:10.1142/S1793830918500295] introduced the Von Neumann regular graph [Formula: see text] of a ring [Formula: see text] whose vertices are the elements of [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] is a Von Neumann regular element of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate and determine some graph theoretic properties of the line graph [Formula: see text] associated to [Formula: see text]. We give some characterization results regarding the completeness, bipartiteness, traversability, diameter and girth. We also prove Beck’s conjecture for [Formula: see text]. Finally we characterize rings having the planarity, the outerplanarity and also being the ring graph of the line graphs associated to Von Neumann regular graphs [Formula: see text] of rings.
Solving the b-coloring problem for subdivision-edge neighborhood coronas
Authors: Falcón Raúl M. , Venkatachalam M. , Margaret S. Julie
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the [Formula: see text]-coloring problem is solved for every subdivision-edge neighborhood corona of paths, cycles, stars and complete graphs. In addition, some exact values and sharp bounds are established for the [Formula: see text]-chromatic number of subdivision-edge neighborhood coronas of these graphs with any other graph.
On (a,d)-total edge irregular labelings
Authors: Mitra Sarbari , Bhoumik Soumya
Published: January 2023

A total edge irregular [Formula: see text]-labeling of a graph [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a labeling of vertices and edges of [Formula: see text] in such a way that the weights of all edges are distinct. A total edge irregularity strength of graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text] is defined as the minimum [Formula: see text] for which a graph [Formula: see text] has a totally irregular total [Formula: see text]-labeling. In this paper, we define [Formula: see text]-total edge irregularity labeling and provide the irregularity strength for some well-known families of graphs.
Promising Future of PRP Treatment for Ovarian Rejuvenation: An In-House Experience of an IVF Institute
Authors: Patel Nayana H. , Patel Niket H. , Patel Molina N. , Bhadarka Harsha K. , Thakkar Harmi R.
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Over the past few years platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to have beneficial effects on various organs and sites in the human body. Its effect on restoration of tissue engineering has gained tremendous popularity. Its effect in the field of reproductive medicine only got implemented in last decade.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we observed 84 cases of ovarian rejuvenation at a fertility clinic from the year 2016 to 2019, out of which 45 were done for the indication of primary ovarian insufficiency for females that fall in the category 3 and 4 of Poseidon criterion. We did an autologous PRP ovarian treatment for each participant. The primary outcome was achieving a biological pregnancy after the procedure.

Results: Out of 45 patients in the present study, 27 had achieved biological pregnancy, of which Eight were natural pregnancies, and the remaining 19 had received IVF or IUI as a fertility treatment. Out of these 27 biological pregnancies, 20 patients had a live birth, one had an ectopic pregnancy, and six had miscarriages.

Conclusions: The process of autologous intraovarian treatment with PRP definitely helped patients with diminished ovarian reserve to conceive their own genetic offsprings, whose otherwise best option would have been to go through a donor egg program. Hence, PRP definitely deserves a place in the field of reproductive medicine to combat the condition of premature ovarian failure.
Data-Driven Parameterized Corner Synthesis for Efficient Validation of Perception Systems for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Yu Handi , Li Xin
Published: January 2023

Today's automotive cyber-physical systems for autonomous driving aim to enhance driving safety by replacing the uncertainties posed by human drivers with standard procedures of automated systems. However, the accuracy of in-vehicle perception systems may significantly vary under different operational conditions (e.g., fog density, light condition, etc.) and consequently degrade the reliability of autonomous driving. A perception system for autonomous driving must be carefully validated with an extremely large dataset collected under all possible operational conditions in order to ensure its robustness. The aforementioned dataset required for validation, however, is expensive or even impossible to acquire in practice, since most operational corners rarely occur in a real-world environment. In this paper, we propose to generate synthetic datasets at a variety of operational corners by using a
parameterized cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (PCGAN)
. The proposed PCGAN is able to learn from an image dataset recorded at real-world operational conditions with only a few samples at corners and synthesize a large dataset at a given operational corner. By taking STOP sign detection as an example, our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to generate high-quality synthetic datasets to facilitate accurate validation.
Computational Linguistics Finds its Voice
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: January 2023

Advances in artificial intelligence permit computers to converse with humans in seemingly realistic ways.
Aftermath Impact
Authors: Bainbridge William Sims
Published: January 2023

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.

An ancient roman dispatched to find the greatest technological advances of the time may lose something of far greater importance.
Reliable Fix Patterns Inferred from Static Checkers for Automated Program Repair
Authors: Liu Kui , Zhang Jingtang , Li Li , Koyuncu Anil , Kim Dongsun , Ge Chunpeng , Liu Zhe , Klein Jacques , Bissyandé Tegawendé F.
Published: January 2023

Fix pattern-based patch generation is a promising direction in automated program repair (APR). Notably, it has been demonstrated to produce more acceptable and correct patches than the patches obtained with mutation operators through genetic programming. The performance of pattern-based APR systems, however, depends on the fix ingredients mined from fix changes in development histories. Unfortunately, collecting a reliable set of bug fixes in repositories can be challenging. In this article, we propose investigating the possibility in an APR scenario of leveraging fix patterns inferred from code changes that address violations detected by static analysis tools. To that end, we build a fix pattern-based APR tool,
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, which exploits fix patterns of static analysis violations as ingredients for the patch generation of repairing semantic bugs. Evaluated on four benchmarks (i.e., Defects4J, Bugs.jar, BEARS, and QuixBugs),
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presents the potential feasibility of fixing semantic bugs with the fix patterns inferred from the patches for fixing static analysis violations and can correctly fix 26 semantic bugs when
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is implemented with the normal program repair pipeline. We also find that
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achieves performance metrics that are comparable to that of the closely related approaches in the literature. Compared with CoCoNut,
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can fix 18 new bugs in Defects4J and 3 new bugs in QuixBugs. When compared with HDRepair, JAID, and SketchFix,
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can newly fix 14 Defects4J bugs. In terms of the number of correctly fixed bugs,
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is also comparable to the program repair tools with the normal fault localization setting and presents better performance than most program repair tools. These results imply that
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is complementary to current program repair approaches. We further uncover that
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can present different bug-fixing performances when it is configured with different fault localization tools, and the stack trace information from the failed executions of test cases can be exploited to improve the bug-fixing performance of
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by fixing more bugs with fewer generated patch candidates. Overall, our study highlights the relevance of static bug-finding tools as indirect contributors of fix ingredients for addressing code defects identified with functional test cases (i.e., dynamic information).
Robust Copyright Protection Technique with High-embedding Capacity for Color Images
Authors: Mahto D. K. , Singh A. K. , Singh K. N. , Singh O. P. , Agrawal A. K.
Published: January 2023

Copyright violation issues have a growing impact on applications of the digital era, especially images. It is not easy to guarantee the copyright protection of essential information. This paper presents a robust copyright protection technique with high embedding capacity for color images. The technique first fuses the multi-focus images using
non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT)
to ensure that the fused images have more rich information than a single image. Further, hash value of the cover media is computed for authentication purposes. The fused image and hash value of the cover is then embedded into the cover media with the help of transformed-domain schemes. To achieve higher security, we apply an encryption scheme on a fused media watermark before embedding it into the cover. Lastly, a hybrid optimization algorithm is employed to compute an optimal factor, which makes a good imperceptibility and robustness at the same time. We demonstrate that the proposed technique is effective and resistant to common attacks on image datasets. Compared to existing works, this work increases the 9.5% robustness and 8.8% quality with high embedding capacity.