bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms affect short- and long-term speech recognition outcome in cochlear implant users
Authors: Heinze-Köhler Katharina , Lehmann Effi Katharina , Hoppe Ulrich
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To investigate the impact of the amount of depressive symptoms in cochlear implant (CI) recipients on the development of speech recognition after CI-activation up to 2 years.

Design

Retrospective data analysis of a German short form of the Beck Depression Inventory given at initial activation of the implant in relation to monosyllabic word recognition score at conversational level at initial activation and at 3 months, 1 and 2-year follow-up measurements.

Study sample

Thirty-one CI-patients (11 female, 20 male) aged between 41 and 83 (M = 64.77, SD = 10.43) who were German native speakers, postlingually deafened, with severe hearing loss in both sides but unilaterally implanted (19 right-sided, 12 left-sided).

Results

The amount of depressive symptoms at initial activation was negatively correlated with the monosyllabic recognition score after 3 months and after 1 year of implant use.

Conclusion

The psychological status in terms of depressive symptoms is an important parameter regarding the rehabilitative outcome of CI-patients. Care staff and CI-users should be sensitized to the link between depressive symptoms and the development of speech recognition with CI.
Grazing resistance and poor food quality of a widespread mixotroph impair zooplankton secondary production
Authors: Vad Csaba F. , Schneider Claudia , Lukić Dunja , Horváth Zsófia , Kainz Martin J. , Stibor Herwig , Ptacnik Robert
Published: June 2020

Growing evidence suggests that global climate change promotes the dominance of mixotrophic algae especially in oligotrophic aquatic ecosystems. While theory predicts that mixotrophy increases trophic transfer efficiency in aquatic food webs, deleterious effects of some mixotrophs on consumers have also been reported. Here, using a widespread mixotrophic algal genus Dinobryon, we aimed to quantify how colonial taxa contribute to secondary production in lakes. We, therefore, studied the dietary effects of Dinobryon divergens on Cladocera (Daphnia longispina) and Copepoda (Eudiaptomus gracilis), representing two main taxonomic and functional groups of zooplankton. In feeding experiments, we showed that Dinobryon was largely grazing resistant and even inhibited the uptake of the high-quality reference food in Daphnia. Eudiaptomus could to some extent compensate with selective feeding, but a negative long-term food quality effect was also evident. Besides, Eudiaptomus was more sensitive to the pure diet of Dinobryon than Daphnia. Low lipid content and high C:P elemental ratio further supported the low nutritional value of the mixotroph. In a stable isotope approach analysing a natural plankton community, we found further evidence that carbon of Dinobryon was not conveyed efficiently to zooplankton. Our results show that the increasing dominance of colonial mixotrophs can result in reduced dietary energy transfer to consumers at higher trophic levels. In a wider perspective, global climate change favours the dominance of some detrimental mixotrophic algae which may constrain pelagic trophic transfer efficiency in oligotrophic systems, similarly to cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes.
Correction to: The Eye of a Needle: Temporary Prison Leave in Ukraine
Authors: Symkovych Anton
Published: June 2020

The article The Eye of a Needle: Temporary Prison Leave in Ukraine, written by Anton Symkovych, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 28 December 2019 without open access.
Nano-electronic Simulation Software (NESS): a flexible nano-device simulation platform
Authors: Berrada Salim , Carrillo-Nunez Hamilton , Lee Jaehyun , Medina-Bailon Cristina , Dutta Tapas , Badami Oves , Adamu-Lema Fikru , Thirunavukkarasu Vasanthan , Georgiev Vihar , Asenov Asen
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to present a flexible and open-source multi-scale simulation software which has been developed by the Device Modelling Group at the University of Glasgow to study the charge transport in contemporary ultra-scaled Nano-CMOS devices. The name of this new simulation environment is Nano-electronic Simulation Software (NESS). Overall NESS is designed to be flexible, easy to use and extendable. Its main two modules are the structure generator and the numerical solvers module. The structure generator creates the geometry of the devices, defines the materials in each region of the simulation domain and includes eventually sources of statistical variability. The charge transport models and corresponding equations are implemented within the numerical solvers module and solved self-consistently with Poisson equation. Currently, NESS contains a drift–diffusion, Kubo–Greenwood, and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) solvers. The NEGF solver is the most important transport solver in the current version of NESS. Therefore, this paper is primarily focused on the description of the NEGF methodology and theory. It also provides comparison with the rest of the transport solvers implemented in NESS. The NEGF module in NESS can solve transport problems in the ballistic limit or including electron–phonon scattering. It also contains the Flietner model to compute the band-to-band tunneling current in heterostructures with a direct band gap. Both the structure generator and solvers are linked in NESS to supporting modules such as effective mass extractor and materials database. Simulation results are outputted in text or vtk format in order to be easily visualized and analyzed using 2D and 3D plots. The ultimate goal is for NESS to become open-source, flexible and easy to use TCAD simulation environment which can be used by researchers in both academia and industry and will facilitate collaborative software development.
Compromised Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in the Interferon-α and Toll-like Receptor-3 Activation-Induced Mouse Depression Model
Authors: Sanchez-Mendoza Eduardo H. , Camblor-Perujo Santiago , Martins Nascentes-Melo Luiza , Dzyubenko Egor , Fleischer Michael , Silva de Carvalho Tayana , Schmitt Linda-Isabell , Leo Markus , Hagenacker Tim , Herring Arne , Keyvani Kathy , Bera Sujoy , Kononenko Natalia , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: June 2020

Disrupted neuronal plasticity due to subtle inflammation is considered to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Interferon-α (IFN-α) potentiates immune responses against viral pathogens that induce toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) activation but evokes severe major depressive disorder in humans by mechanisms that remain insufficiently described. By using a previously established mouse model of depression induced by combined delivery of IFN-α and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a TLR3 agonist, we provide evidence that IFN-α and poly(I:C) reduce apical dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area ex vivo via mechanisms involving decreased TrkB signaling. In vitro, IFN-α and poly(I:C) treatments required neuronal activity to reduce dendritic spine density and TrkB signaling. The levels of presynaptic protein vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 and postsynaptic protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) were specifically decreased, whereas the expression of both synaptic and extrasynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1) was increased by IFN-α and poly(I:C) delivery. Patch clamp recordings in primary hippocampal neurons revealed that morphological changes at the synapse induced by IFN-α and poly(I:C) costimulation were accompanied by an increased action potential threshold and action potential frequency, indicative of impaired neuronal excitability. Taken together, IFN-α and poly(I:C) delivery leads to structural and functional alterations at the synapse indicating that compromised neuroplasticity may play an integral role in the pathogenesis of immune response-induced depression.
Additive manufacturing of hydroxyapatite bioceramic scaffolds: Dispersion, digital light processing, sintering, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility
Authors: Feng Chengwei , Zhang Keqiang , He Rujie , Ding Guojiao , Xia Min , Jin Xinxin , Xie Chen
Published: June 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic scaffolds were fabricated by using digital light processing (DLP) based additive manufacturing. Key issues on the HA bioceramic scaffolds, including dispersion, DLP fabrication, sintering, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility were discussed in detail. Firstly, the effects of dispersant dosage, solid loading, and sintering temperature were studied. The optimal dispersant dosage, solid loading, and sintering temperature were 2 wt%, 50 vol%, and 1250 °C, respectively. Then, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the HA bioceramic scaffolds were investigated. The DLP-prepared porous HA bioceramic scaffold was found to exhibit excellent mechanical properties and degradation behavior. From this study, DLP technique shows good potential for manufacturing HA bioceramic scaffolds.
Tribological performance and microstructural evolution of α-brass alloys as a function of zinc concentration
Authors: Liu Zhilong , Messer-Hannemann Philipp , Laube Stephan , Greiner Christian
Published: June 2020

Tailoring a material’s properties for low friction and little wear in a strategic fashion is a long-standing goal of materials tribology. Plastic deformation plays a major role when metals are employed in a sliding contact; therefore, the effects of stacking fault energy and mode of dislocation glide need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated how a decrease in the stacking fault energy affects friction, wear, and the ensuing sub-surface microstructure evolution. Brass samples with increasing zinc concentrations of 5, 15, and 36 wt% were tested in non-lubricated sphere-on-plate contacts with a reciprocating linear tribometer against Si3N4spheres. Increasing the sliding distance from 0.5 (single trace) to 5,000 reciprocating cycles covered different stages in the lifetime of a sliding contact. Comparing the results among the three alloys revealed a profound effect of the zinc concentration on the tribological behavior. CuZn15 and CuZn36 showed similar friction and wear results, whereas CuZn5 had a roughly 60% higher friction coefficient (COF) than the other two alloys. CuZn15 and CuZn36 had a much smaller wear rate than CuZn5. Wavy dislocation motion in CuZn5 and CuZn15 allowed for dislocation self-organization into a horizontal line about 150 nm beneath the contact after a single trace of the sphere. This feature was absent in CuZn36 where owing to planar dislocation slip band-like features under a 45° angle to the surface were identified. These results hold the promise to help guide the future development of alloys tailored for specific tribological applications.
How the fluorographene replaced graphene as nanoadditive for improving tribological performances of GTL-8 based lubricant oil
Authors: Ci Xiaojing , Zhao Wenjie , Luo Jun , Wu Yangmin , Ge Tianhao , Xue Qunji , Gao Xiulei , Fang Zhiwen
Published: June 2020

Fluorographene, a new alternative to graphene, it not only inherits the 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure and outstanding mechanical properties, but also possesses controllable C–F bonds. It is meaningful to reveal the evolution processes of the tribological behaviors from graphene to fluorographene. In this work, fluorinated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (F–rGO) with different degree of fluorination were prepared using direct gas-fluorination and they were added into gas to liquid-8 (GTL-8) base oil as lubricant additive to improve the tribological performance. According to the results, the coefficient of friction (COF) reduced by 21%, notably, the wear rate reduced by 87% with the addition of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (HF–rGO) compared with rGO. It was confirmed that more covalent C–F bonds which improved the chemical stability of HF–rGO resisted the detachment of fluorine so the HF–rGO nanosheets showed less damage, as demonstrated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the ionic liquid (IL) adsorbed on HF–rGO successfully improved the dispersibility of F–rGO in GTL-8 base oil. The investigation of tribofilm by TEM and focused ion beam (FIB) illustrated that IL displayed a synergy to participate in the tribochemical reaction and increased the thickness of tribofilm during the friction process.
Risk taking, sensation seeking and personality as related to changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: LaSpada Natalia , Delker Erin , East Patricia , Blanco Estela , Delva Jorge , Burrows Raquel , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila
Published: June 2020

Introduction

This study examined changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood as related to adolescents’ risk taking, sensation seeking, antisocial activities, and personality traits.

Methods

Chilean youth (N = 890, 52% female) were studied in adolescence (14.5 and 16.2 years) and young adulthood (M age 21.3 years). Risk taking was assessed via a laboratory‐based performance task (Balloon Analogue Risk Task), and self‐administered questionnaires assessed sensation seeking, antisocial behaviors, personality and substance use.

Results

Frequent involvement in sensation seeking and antisocial activities were associated with increased odds of continued marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood and of illicit substance use at young adulthood. High risk taking was associated with a reduced likelihood of discontinuing marijuana use at young adulthood, and high agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with reduced likelihood of new onset marijuana use and illicit substance use at young adulthood.

Conclusions

Results highlight specific risk‐taking tendencies and personality characteristics that relate to initiating, continuing, or discontinuing substance use at entry into adulthood. Sensation seeking and involvement in antisocial activities were the two foremost risk factors for continued use, which is a forecaster of drug dependence. Findings suggest potential prevention and intervention targets for abstaining from or discontinuing substance use as youth transition to adulthood.
Estimations of Typical, Ideal, Premature Ejaculation, and Actual Latencies by Men and Female Sexual Partners of Men During Partnered Sex
Authors: Côté-Léger Philippe , Rowland David L.
Published: June 2020

Background

The ejaculation latency (ELT) criterion for men with premature ejaculation (PE), including its 2 major subtypes of lifelong and acquired, relies heavily on expert opinion, yet such information represents only one source of data for this determination; furthermore, information regarding ELTs for PE within specific subgroups of men (eg, gay, bisexual) has been lacking.

Aim

To obtain data regarding men's lived experiences and expectations regarding typical ejaculation, ideal ejaculation, and PE and (for men) self-reported ejaculatory latencies during partnered sex across a variety a groups, including men vs women (ie, sexual partners of men), men with and without PE, and straight vs gay/bisexual men.

Methods

We recruited 1,065 men and sexual partners of men, asking them to estimate typical ejaculation, ideal ejaculation, and PE and (for men) self-latencies through an online survey posted on social media. Demographics, sexual identity, and sexual response data were also collected.

Results

Typical and self-reported ELTs were closely aligned with those reported in the literature, with ideal ELTs generally longer than typical ELTs. Median PE ELTs were consistently estimated around 1.5 min, with nearly all subgroups—men vs women; straight vs gay; PE and non-PE men—showing alignment on this criterion. Men with lifelong PE did not differ from men with acquired PE in either their PE ELT estimation or their self-reported ELT.

Clinical Implications

The data support the idea of extending the latency cutoff for establishing a PE diagnosis beyond the current 1-minute threshold.

Strengths & Limitations

A large sample size drawn from a multinational population powered the study, whereas the use of social media for recruitment and lack of inclusion of lesbian and asexual individuals may have missed relevant data from some who have had sexual experience with men.

Conclusion

Straight and nonstraight men do not differ in their ELT estimations. In addition, the use of different ELT criteria for lifelong vs acquired PE may be unnecessary.
Research software in cochlear duct length estimation, Greenwood frequency mapping and CI electrode array length simulation
Authors: Dhanasingh Anandhan
Published: June 2020

Background and objective

The size of the cochlea varies a lot among the human population bringing the necessity for electrode arrays to be available in various lengths irrespective of the cochlear implant (CI) brand. This research software helps in the estimation of the patient's cochlear duct length (CDL) which is then used for the simulation of the correct length electrode array matching the patient's cochlear size and as well in getting the patient specific cochlear frequency map.

Methods

Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Desktop is used in the architecture of this research software. The basal turn diameter of the cochlea (“A” value) needs to be measured from the pre‐operative computed tomography (CT) image of the patient's temporal bone. This “A” will be taken as the input for the CDL equations proposed by Alexiades et al for estimating the CDL along the basilar membrane for various insertion depths. Greenwood's equation is then used in combination with the CDL for the full length of the cochlea in getting the patient specific frequency map.

Results

The research software with the help of the “A” value as input, with few button clicks, gives the patient specific CDL for various insertion depths and the Greenwood's frequency map. The users have the choice to select any electrode array of their choice and place it under the frequency map to see how good it fits to that particular patient's cochlea. Also, given the possibility to drag and move the electrode array picture to mimic the post‐operative actual electrode insertion depth.

Conclusions

This research software simplifies the overall process of CDL estimation and in getting the patient specific cochlear frequency map. The clinicians get the chance to simulate placing the various electrode array lengths in patient cochlea in identifying the best fit electrode. This could help in pushing the CI field into the concept of individualized CI electrode array solution that ultimately benefits the patients.
Earthworms & fleas treat wastewater
Authors: Baran Anna , Kennedy Tamsyn
Published: June 2020

The EU-funded INNOQUA project aims to protect and improve the quality of natural water resources by demonstrating that nature based-processes can treat wastewater. One project partner, Scottish Water, is trialling the use of earthworms and water fleas.
A METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING AND INTERPRETING SOME WEIGHTED PREMIUM PRINCIPLES
Authors: Castaño-Martínez Antonia , López-Blazquez Fernando , Pigueiras Gema , Sordo Miguel Á.
Published: June 2020

We present a method for constructing and interpreting weighted premium principles. The method is based on modifying the underlying risk distribution in such a way that the risk-adjusted expected value (or premium) is greater than the expected value of some conveniently chosen function of claims, which defines the insurer’s perception of the risk. Under some assumptions on the function of claims, the method produces distortion premium principles. We provide several examples under different assumptions on the claim arrival process and different functions of claims, including record claims andkth record claims.
Crafting safer spaces for teaching about race and intersectionality in Australian Indigenous Studies
Authors: Anderson Leticia , Riley Lynette
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The shift to massified higher education has resulted in surges in the recruitment of staff and students from more diverse backgrounds, without ensuring the necessary concomitant changes in institutional and pedagogical cultures. Providing a genuinely inclusive and ‘safer’ higher education experience in this context requires a paradigm shift in our approaches to learning and teaching in higher education. Creating safer spaces in classrooms is a necessary building block in the transformation and decolonisation of higher education cultures and the development of cultural competency for all staff and graduates. This paper outlines an approach to crafting safer spaces within the classroom, focusing on a case study of strategies for teaching and learning about race, racism and intersectionality employed by the authors in an undergraduate Indigenous Studies unit at an urban Australian university.
Nietzsche's ‘Eternal Recurrence’ and the renaissance of English and Welsh insolvency law reform
Authors: Tribe John
Published: June 2020

Friedrich Nietzsche proposed the ‘Eternal Recurrence’ thought experiment in his book,The Gay Science(1882). Drawing on ancient Greek and Indian philosophy, Eternal Recurrence is the idea that with infinite time and matter events will occur again and again without end. While not (quite) infinite, English and Welsh insolvency law does have a sufficient and significant history that reveals numerous examples of this phenomenon of repetition. This paper examines some of the patterns of repetition within the law and reform processes and how ‘broad’, ‘narrow’, and ‘deep’ Eternal Recurrence applies to English and Welsh insolvency law. Three examples of Eternal Recurrence are examined: (1) the plight of the unsecured creditor; (2) the quest for protection, including the use of security devices; and (3) the accountability of directors in corporate insolvency, with specific reference to human rights protection for directors versus insolvency law objectives for the benefit of creditors. Finally, suggestions are provided as to why ‘insolvency’ Eternal Recurrence is problematic, particularly for law reform development and the reform of insolvency law in England and Wales.
MINIMAL MODEL THEORY FOR LOG SURFACES IN FUJIKI’S CLASS
Authors: FUJINO OSAMU
Published: June 2020

We establish the minimal model theory for $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial log surfaces and log canonical surfaces in Fujiki’s class ${\mathcal{C}}$.
The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array project: second data release
Authors: Kerr Matthew , Reardon Daniel J. , Hobbs George , Shannon Ryan M. , Manchester Richard N. , Dai Shi , Russell Christopher J. , Zhang Songbo , van Straten Willem , Osłowski Stefan , Parthasarathy Aditya , Spiewak Renee , Bailes Matthew , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Cameron Andrew D. , Coles William A. , Dempsey James , Deng Xinping , Goncharov Boris , Kaczmarek Jane F. , Keith Michael J. , Lasky Paul D. , Lower Marcus E. , Preisig Brett , Sarkissian John Mihran , Toomey Lawrence , Wang Hongguang , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xingjiang
Published: June 2020

We describe 14 yr of public data from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA), an ongoing project that is producing precise measurements of pulse times of arrival from 26 millisecond pulsars using the 64-m Parkes radio telescope with a cadence of approximately 3 weeks in three observing bands. A comprehensive description of the pulsar observing systems employed at the telescope since 2004 is provided, including the calibration methodology and an analysis of the stability of system components. We attempt to provide full accounting of the reduction from the raw measured Stokes parameters to pulse times of arrival to aid third parties in reproducing our results. This conversion is encapsulated in a processing pipeline designed to track provenance. Our data products include pulse times of arrival for each of the pulsars along with an initial set of pulsar parameters and noise models. The calibrated pulse profiles and timing template profiles are also available. These data represent almost 21 000 h of recorded data spanning over 14 yr. After accounting for processes that induce time-correlated noise, 22 of the pulsars have weighted root-mean-square timing residuals of$<\!\!1\,\mu\text{s}$in at least one radio band. The data should allow end users to quickly undertake their own gravitational wave analyses, for example, without having to understand the intricacies of pulsar polarisation calibration or attain a mastery of radio frequency interference mitigation as is required when analysing raw data files.
The impact of genetic polymorphisms on weight regain after successful weight loss
Authors: Thonusin Chanisa , Shinlapawittayatorn Krekwit , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: June 2020

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various diseases and mortality. Although nearly 50 % of adults have been reported trying to lose weight, the prevalence of obesity has increased. One factor that hinders weight loss-induced decrease in obesity prevalence is weight regain. Although behavioural, psychological and physiological factors associated with weight regain have been reviewed, the information regarding the relationship between weight regain and genetics has not been previously summarised. In this paper, we comprehensively review the association between genetic polymorphisms and weight regain in adults and children with obesity after weight loss. Based on this information, identification of genetic polymorphism in patients who undergo weight loss intervention might be used to estimate their risks of weight regain. Additionally, the genetic-based risk estimation may be used as a guide for physicians and dietitians to provide each of their patients with the most appropriate strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance.
EXPLORING THE VERIDICALITY AND REACTIVITY OF SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF AWARENESS
Authors: Sachs Rebecca , Hamrick Phillip , McCormick Timothy J. , Leow Ronald P.
Published: June 2020

Subjective measures (SMs) of awareness assume (a) participants can accurately report the implicit/explicit status of their knowledge and (b) the act of reporting does not change that knowledge. However, SMs suffer from nonveridicality (e.g., overreporting of “guess” responses) and reactivity (e.g., prompting rule search). Attempting to improve the validity of “guess” responses, we conducted an exploratory mixed-methods replication of Rebuschat et al. (2013). Participants (N = 30) were randomly assigned to Traditional, True Guess, and NoSMs conditions. True Guess participants were led to believe the computer would replace “guess” responses with random answers. Confirming that SMs are reactive, Traditional and True Guess participants responded more slowly and accurately, with greater awareness of the linguistic target. Moreover, although True Guess participants responded “guess” less frequently, interviews revealed this was due not to greater veridicality, but rather to additional reactivity. We conclude with directions for further research to enhance the validity of SMs.
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: Ethical Considerations and Roadmaps
Authors: INO HIROYASU , NAKAZAWA EISUKE , AKABAYASHI AKIRA
Published: June 2020

While the world rushed to develop treatments for COVID-19, some turned hopefully to drug repurposing (drug repositioning). However, little study has addressed issues of drug repurposing in emergency situations from a broader perspective, taking into account the social and ethical ramifications. When drug repurposing is employed in emergency situations, the fairness of resource distribution becomes an issue that requires careful ethical consideration.This paper examines the drug repurposing in emergency situations focusing on the fairness using Japanese cases. Ethical issues under these circumstances addressed by the authors include: maintaining the evidence level, integrity of clinical research ethics, and voluntary consent by original indication patients. In order to address these issues, they argue that rapid accumulation of ethically and scientifically valid evidence is required, as is obtaining information on resource quantity.
Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium: a not so benign entity
Authors: Walter Carin , Bartrons Joaquim , Gómez Olga , Caffarena José M. , Carretero Juan M.
Published: June 2020

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is an isolated enlargement of the right atrium in the absence of other cardiac lesions. This rare anomaly has a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to heart failure or even sudden death. It can be associated with atrial arrhythmias and thrombus formation. Antiplatelet therapy is prescribed in most cases reported in the literature, and reduction plasty is indicated when there is rapid growth of the right atrium, compression of adjacent structures, or refractory arrhythmias. We report four cases of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium diagnosed during prenatal screening. We describe the intrauterine course and management in postnatal life until early childhood.
Recurrent infective endocarditis in a patient after a second Melody valve placement
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Forbes Thomas J. , Aggarwal Sanjeev
Published: June 2020

A 16-year-old Caucasian male was diagnosed with recurrent infective endocarditis associated with his second Melody valve placed inside a previously treated infected Melody valve. The replacement of Melody valve after the first infective endocarditis episode might increase the risk of the second episode of infective endocarditis.
What do ‘lay’ people know about justice? An empirical enquiry
Authors: Irvine Charlie
Published: June 2020

When mediation places decision-making power in the hands of lay disputants it raises troubling issues. Can justice be delivered without judicial assistance? What is the effect on the legal system? And how should outcomes thus achieved be regarded? Critics have tended to answer negatively, pointing to a range of harms including individual oppression and the vanishing trial. Such views, focusing too narrowly on conformity to legal norms, overlook ordinary people's capacity for justice reasoning. A recent Scottish pilot study of small-claims mediation parties illustrates the richness and complexity of their thinking around whether, and for how much, to settle. This suggests that mediation settlements, rather than representing second-class justice, may enhance the legitimacy of the legal system. Implications for theories of justice are considered.
To inform, strategise, collaborate, or compete: what use do lobbyists make of lobby registers?
Authors: Crepaz Michele
Published: June 2020

Governments claim to establish lobbying registers with the intent of giving citizens and the media the opportunity to see who is lobbying whom and for what purpose. This external scrutiny is expected to help prevent undue influence and corruption. Scholars, however, have noted that transparency might also serve internal scrutinizers by providing information to the lobbyists themselves. This study employed a survey of more than 300 interest groups in Ireland to test this alternative to the ‘armchair scrutiniser’ assumption, whereby transparency serves the purpose only of public scrutiny. The analysis found that a small but well-defined group of organizations routinely accesses the website of the Irish lobbying register and ‘consumes’ the information during the advocacy process. Interest-group characteristics, such as group type and material resources, help explain these trends. This study is relevant for scholars interested in the effects of transparency and how the availability of information is linked to lobbying strategies.
Estimation of Daily Rainfall Extremes Through the Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution: Uncertainty Minimization and Implications for Trend Detection
Authors: Miniussi Arianna , Marani Marco
Published: June 2020

The accurate estimation of hydrologic extremes is central to planning and engineering mitigation and adaptation measures. The traditional extreme value theory is based on often overlooked assumptions that preclude the use of all available observations and negatively affect estimation uncertainty. The Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution (MEVD) was introduced to make full use of available data and was shown to significantly improve estimation uncertainty for large extremes. However, no systematic understanding existed as to how to optimally apply the MEVD depending on the statistical properties of the observed variables. With reference to daily rainfall, we identify here the local climatic factors that define the optimal MEVD formulation. We analyze a large set of long daily rainfall records, as well as synthetic time series with prescribed statistical characteristics, and find that (1) in most climates the MEVD should be based on yearly estimates of the ordinary rainfall distributions, and only in climates with less than20–25 year the estimation of distributional/year the estimation of distributional parameters requires samples longer than 1 year; (2) the interannual variability in the distributions of rainfall should be explicitly resolved when20–25 rainy days/year. Finally, we use the optimized MEVD to study the variability of daily rainfall extremes over 294 years in Padova (Italy) and compare it to traditional extreme value estimates. We find that, through its improved accuracy for short observations, MEVD better resolves high‐quantile fluctuations and allows the emergence of long‐term trends over estimation noise.
A Laboratory Study of the Effect of Surface Waves on Heat and Momentum Transfer at High Wind Speeds
Authors: Troitskaya Yuliya , Sergeev Daniil , Vdovin Maksim , Kandaurov Alexander , Ermakova Olga , Takagaki Naohisa
Published: June 2020

This paper describes laboratory experiments (using a high‐speed wind‐wave flume) of the effects of water waves on heat and momentum exchange in the near‐water atmospheric boundary layer at high wind speeds. Different from previous experiments of this type, the parameters of waves were controlled by a net stretched along the entire channel to effectively decrease the fetch. This helped to achieve dependency of the transfer coefficients on two independent parameters, namely, the wind speed and fetch (expressed via variations of the wavefield). Another key to the experiment was using a stable temperature stratification of the air flow, with the temperature of the air entering the flume 15–25° higher than the water. The experiments showed a sharp increase in the heat exchange coefficient at winds exceeding 33–35 m/s, similar to that observed earlier in the high‐speed wind‐wave flume of Kyoto University with conditions of unstable temperature stratification of the air flow. The joint analysis of the data obtained in the high‐speed wind‐wave flumes of IAP RAS and Kyoto University yields the universal dependency of the exchange coefficients and the temperature roughness on the peak wave number of surface wave spectra. This is independent of the type of temperature stratification of the atmospheric boundary layer, either stable or unstable. The sharp increase in the heat exchange coefficient is shown to be associated with increased whitecapping.
Severe cardiac involvement with preserved truncated dystrophin expression in Becker muscular dystrophy by +1G>A DMD splice-site mutation: a case report
Authors: Komaki Ryouhei , Hashimoto Yasumasa , Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Oya Yasushi , Takizawa Hotake , Minami Narihiro , Nishino Ichizo , Aoki Yoshitsugu , Takahashi Yuji
Published: June 2020

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is caused by specific mutations in the DMD gene that causes progressive muscle weakness and primarily affects skeletal and cardiac muscle. Although cardiac involvement is a significant cause of mortality in BMD, the genetic–phenotype correlation for skeletal and cardiac muscles has not been elucidated. Here, we described a 39-year-old man with BMD, who presented with subtle skeletal muscle weakness in the right leg in his 20s and underwent left ventricular restoration for severe dilated cardiomyopathy at the age of 29. He had difficulty climbing stairs after the age of 35. Neither duplication nor deletion of exons was detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. A hemizygous c.264 + 1G>A mutation in intron 4 of the DMD was identified by next-generation sequencing. Furthermore, exon 4 skipping of the DMD was confirmed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR. Endomyocardial and skeletal muscle biopsies revealed dystrophic pathology characterized by muscle fiber atrophy and hypertrophy with a mild degree of interstitial fibrosis. Interestingly, dystrophin immunohistochemistry demonstrated patchy and faint staining of the skeletal muscle membranes but almost normal staining of the cardiac muscle membranes. Western blot analysis revealed a decreased amount of truncated dystrophin in skeletal muscle but surprisingly almost normal amount in cardiac muscle. This case indicates that BMD patients may have severe cardiac dysfunction despite preserved cardiac truncated dystrophin expression.
Rational design of a multi-valent human papillomavirus vaccine by capsomere-hybrid co-assembly of virus-like particles
Authors: Wang Daning , Liu Xinlin , Wei Minxi , Qian Ciying , Song Shuo , Chen Jie , Wang Zhiping , Xu Qin , Yang Yurou , He Maozhou , Chi Xin , Huang Shiwen , Li Tingting , Kong Zhibo , Zheng Qingbing , Yu Hai , Wang Yingbin , Zhao Qinjian , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao , Gu Ying , Li Shaowei
Published: June 2020

The capsid of human papillomavirus (HPV) spontaneously arranges into a T = 7 icosahedral particle with 72 L1 pentameric capsomeres associating via disulfide bonds between Cys175 and Cys428. Here, we design a capsomere-hybrid virus-like particle (chVLP) to accommodate multiple types of L1 pentamers by the reciprocal assembly of single C175A and C428A L1 mutants, either of which alone encumbers L1 pentamer particle self-assembly. We show that co-assembly between any pair of C175A and C428A mutants across at least nine HPV genotypes occurs at a preferred equal molar stoichiometry, irrespective of the type or number of L1 sequences. A nine-valent chVLP vaccine—formed through the structural clustering of HPV epitopes—confers neutralization titers that are comparable with that of Gardasil 9 and elicits minor cross-neutralizing antibodies against some heterologous HPV types. These findings may pave the way for a new vaccine design that targets multiple pathogenic variants or cancer cells bearing diverse neoantigens.
Nanocasting SiO2 into metal–organic frameworks imparts dual protection to high-loading Fe single-atom electrocatalysts
Authors: Jiao Long , Zhang Rui , Wan Gang , Yang Weijie , Wan Xin , Zhou Hua , Shui Jianglan , Yu Shu-Hong , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: June 2020

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have sparked broad interest recently while the low metal loading poses a big challenge for further applications. Herein, a dual protection strategy has been developed to give high-content SACs by nanocasting SiO2 into porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The pyrolysis of SiO2@MOF composite affords single-atom Fe implanted N-doped porous carbon (FeSA–N–C) with high Fe loading (3.46 wt%). The spatial isolation of Fe atoms centered in porphyrin linkers of MOF sets the first protective barrier to inhibit the Fe agglomeration during pyrolysis. The SiO2 in MOF provides additional protection by creating thermally stable FeN4/SiO2 interfaces. Thanks to the high-density FeSA sites, FeSA–N–C demonstrates excellent oxygen reduction performance in both alkaline and acidic medias. Meanwhile, FeSA–N–C also exhibits encouraging performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell, demonstrating great potential for practical application. More far-reaching, this work grants a general synthetic methodology toward high-content SACs (such as FeSA, CoSA, NiSA).
Author Correction: Universal mechanical exfoliation of large-area 2D crystals
Authors: Huang Yuan , Pan Yu-Hao , Yang Rong , Bao Li-Hong , Meng Lei , Luo Hai-Lan , Cai Yong-Qing , Liu Guo-Dong , Zhao Wen-Juan , Zhou Zhang , Wu Liang-Mei , Zhu Zhi-Li , Huang Ming , Liu Li-Wei , Liu Lei , Cheng Peng , Wu Ke-Hui , Tian Shi-Bing , Gu Chang-Zhi , Shi You-Guo , Guo Yan-Feng , Cheng Zhi Gang , Hu Jiang-Ping , Zhao Lin , Yang Guan-Hua , Sutter Eli , Sutter Peter , Wang Ye-Liang , Ji Wei , Zhou Xing-Jiang , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Aging increases vulnerability to stress-induced depression via upregulation of NADPH oxidase in mice
Authors: Lee Jung-Eun , Kwon Hye-Jin , Choi Juli , Seo Ji-Seon , Han Pyung-Lim
Published: June 2020

Brain aging proceeds with cellular and molecular changes in the limbic system. Aging-dependent changes might affect emotion and stress coping, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show aged (18-month-old) mice exhibit upregulation of NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, which mirrors the changes in young (2-month-old) mice subjected to chronic stress. Aged mice that lack p47phox, a key subunit of NADPH oxidase, do not show increased oxidative stress. Aged mice exhibit depression-like behavior following weak stress that does not produce depressive behavior in young mice. Aged mice have reduced expression of the epigenetic factor SUV39H1 and its upstream regulator p-AMPK, and increased expression of Ppp2ca in the hippocampus—changes that occur in young mice exposed to chronic stress. SUV39H1 mediates stress- and aging-induced sustained upregulation of p47phox and oxidative stress. These results suggest that aging increases susceptibility to stress by upregulating NADPH oxidase in the hippocampus.
Utilizing molecular resonance-localized surface plasmon resonance coupling for copper ion detection in plasma
Authors: Cary ReJeana , Unser Sarah , Monroe Ilaina , Holbrook Joseph , Sagle Laura
Published: June 2020

A simple, point-of-care plasmonic assay for copper detection in human plasma is developed.
The biothiol-triggered organotrisulfide-based self-immolative fluorogenic donors of hydrogen sulfide enable lysosomal trafficking
Authors: Mahato Sulendar K. , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: June 2020

The biothiol-reactive organotrisulfide-based fluorogenic donors of H2S are designed for the monitoring of intracellular and lysosomal delivery of H2S with a concomitant turn-on fluorescence.
Ultrasound-degradable serum albumin nanoplatform forin situcontrolled drug release
Authors: Du Jianjun , Zhang Yu , Ge Haoying , Shi Chao , Long Saran , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: June 2020

An ultrasound-modulated drug release nanoplatform was fabricated using a degradable azo derivative (ACVA) as a crosslinker for excellent tissue penetration, and could realize controllable drug release according to the treatment needs.
Controllable synthesis of 2- and 3-aryl-benzomorpholines from 2-aminophenols and 4-vinylphenols
Authors: Dong Kui , Jin Xiao-Ling , Chen Shihao , Wu Li-Zhu , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2020

We present herein a method for the controllable synthesis of 3-aryl-benzomorpholine and 2-aryl-benzomorpholine cycloadducts via cross-coupling/annulation between electron-rich 2-aminophenols and 4-vinylphenols.
Photo-regulated trajectories of gliding microtubules conjugated with DNA
Authors: Akter Mousumi , Keya Jakia Jannat , Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Murayama Keiji , Sada Kazuki , Kakugo Akira
Published: June 2020

Trajectories of azobenzene incorporated DNA conjugated microtubules are regulated by photoirradiation in a reversible manner.
Synthetic dimeric-drug phospholipid: a versatile liposomal platform for cancer therapy
Authors: Ling Longbing , Yu Haizhou , Ismail Muhammad , Zhu Yanping , Du Yuan , Qi Junhui
Published: June 2020

A liposomal platform self-assembled from a novel and universal synthetic dimeric-drug phospholipid.
The mechanics of supramolecular chemistry
Authors: Gibb Bruce , James Tony , Sessler Jonathan
Published: June 2020

We are delighted to present this collection of articles to celebrate Eric V. Anslyn’s 60th birthday.
One pot solvent assisted syntheses of Ag3SbS3 nanocrystals and exploring their phase dependent electrochemical behavior toward oxygen reduction reaction and visible light induced methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Satra Jit , Ghorui Uday Kumar , Mondal Papri , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Adhikary Bibhutosh
Published: June 2020

Solvent tailored syntheses of two different phases of Ag3SbS3 nanocrystals and the exploration of their distinct electrochemical responses toward ORR and MOR.
Structural and cryogenic magnetic properties of rare earth rich RE11Co4In9 (RE = Gd, Dy and Ho) intermetallic compounds
Authors: Zhang Zhenqian , Wang Pengyu , Wang Ning , Wang Xiangjie , Xu Peng , Li Lingwei
Published: June 2020

The crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric performances of rare earth rich RE11Co4In9 (RE = Gd, Dy and Ho) intermetallic compounds are investigated systematically in this work.
Application of multifunctional silylenes and siliranes as universal crosslinkers for metal-free curing of silicones
Authors: Herz Fabian A. D. , Nobis Matthias , Wendel Daniel , Pahl Philipp , Altmann Philipp J. , Tillmann Jan , Weidner Richard , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Rieger Bernhard
Published: June 2020

Multifunctional silacyclopropanes act as universal crosslinkers for PDMS-elastomers, which can react via ring-opening or silylene insertion.
Selenium preconcentration in a gold “amalgamator” after hydride generation for atomic spectrometry
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Aline , Svoboda Milan , Musil Stanislav , Machado Ignacio , Vaněk Dominik , Matoušek Tomáš , Dědina Jiří , Kratzer Jan
Published: June 2020

A gold amalgamator, used conventionally for Hg vapor enrichment, is reported to preconcentrate Se after hydride generation.
Influence of the pendant arm in deoxydehydration catalyzed by dioxomolybdenum complexes supported by amine bisphenolate ligands
Authors: Siu Timothy C. , Silva Israel , Lunn Maiko J. , John Alex
Published: June 2020

Molybdenum complexes devoid of a strongly coordinating pendant arm result in enhanced catalytic activity.
Spectral properties of supramolecular systems based on cobalt(ii)/manganese(iii) phthalocyanine and fullero[60]pyrrolidines with PET
Authors: Bichan N. G. , Ovchenkova E. N. , Tsaturyan A. A. , Lomova T. N.
Published: June 2020

Photoinduced electron transfer in the metallophthalocyanine–fullerene dyads was confirmed and the main “chemical structure – spectral properties” dependences were revealed.
Unraveling the mechanism of the one-pot synthesis of exchange coupled Co-based nano-heterostructures with a high energy product
Authors: Muzzi Beatrice , Albino Martin , Innocenti Claudia , Petrecca Michele , Cortigiani Brunetto , Fernández César de Julián , Bertoni Giovanni , Fernandez-Pacheco Rodrigo , Ibarra Alfonso , Marquina Clara , Ibarra M. Ricardo , Sangregorio Claudio
Published: June 2020

Cobalt-based metal/metal ferrite nano-heterostructures with a high energy product were rationally synthesized through a one-pot thermal decomposition process.
A pH tuning single fluorescent probe based on naphthalene for dual-analytes (Mg2+ and Al3+) and its application in cell imaging
Authors: Yu Chunwei , Cui Shuhua , Ji Yuxiang , Wen Shaobai , Jian Li , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2020

In this study, a naphthalene Schiff-base P which serves as a dual-analyte probe for the quantitative detection of Al3+ and Mg2+ has been designed.
Carbonization of single polyacrylonitrile chains in coordination nanospaces
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Kitao Takashi , Piga Daniele , Hongu Ryoto , Bracco Silvia , Comotti Angiolina , Sozzani Piero , Uemura Takashi
Published: June 2020

Accommodation of polyacrylonitrile in MOFs facilitated and regulated the transformation to ladder polymer in the carbonization process.
Electrostatics does not dictate the slip-stacked arrangement of aromatic π–π interactions
Authors: Carter-Fenk Kevin , Herbert John M.
Published: June 2020

According to the Hunter–Sanders model, geometries in π–π systems arise from competition between quadrupolar electrostatics (favoring an edge-to-face geometry) and London dispersion (favoring stacking), but this model misrepresents the molecular physics.