bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and reproduction of the slug Deroceras laeve (Müller) (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) under controlled conditions
Authors: Faberi A.J. , López A.N. , Manetti P.L. , Clemente N.L. , Álvarez Castillo H.A.
Published: November 2013

The marsh slug Deroceras laeve (Müller) (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) was recently introduced into the southeast of the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina, and has become one of the main pests of cropping systems under no-tillage management. The growth, survival, and reproduction of D. laeve were monitored at 12 deg C and 20 deg C to determine the most appropriate thermal conditions for its development. A sigmoid model (Y=A/(1+e**(B+Cx))) was used to describe the relationship between postembryonic development and temperature. At the beginning of development, the growth rate was lowest at 12 deg C but after the inflection point (21/2 months) was lower at 20 deg C than at 12 deg C. The slugs showed a higher mean body weight at 12 deg C (936.2 mg +/- SE 18.96) than at 20 deg C (409.4 mg +/- SE 16.02). Significant differences were seen in the mean incubation period at the different temperatures, as well as in the hatching rate, the duration of the preoviposition and oviposition periods, the number of eggs per clutch, and longevity; no differences were seen, however, in terms of mean fecundity. The incubation period was 35.3 and 16.03 days and the hatching rate 89.2% and 66.4% at 12 and 20 deg C respectively. At 20 deg C, longevity was less than half (21.9 weeks) that recorded at 12 deg C (54.4 weeks). At both temperatures the net reproductive rate (R sub(0)) was similar, but at 12 deg C the population increased 400 times in 33.1 weeks (T), while at 20 deg C it increased 359 times in half that time (T=16.5 weeks). These results show that, in the Buenos Aires Province, D. laeve produces two generations per year.
Farm intensification and drivers of technology adoption in mixed dairy-crop systems in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Bernués Jal A. , Herrero M.
Published: November 2013

The expanding demand for livestock products in developing countries is expected to drive changes in livestock farming systems, such as intensification and technological development. However, while large commercial farms can take advantage of these new opportunities, semi-subsistence agriculture will be the main option for many poor livestock keepers. Development pathways may depend on local and farm-specific conditions. In this paper we: 1) typify mixed crop-dairy systems in Santa Cruz (Bolivia) from the point of view of their structural and socio-economical characteristics; 2) deepen the analysis of farm economics and level of intensification and 3) identify factors associated to the adoption of technologies. Three farming systems (specialized large commercial livestock farms, medium-size agricultural farms, and small semi-commercial mixed farms) were clearly differentiated in terms of structure, production orientation, economics and intensification level. The adoption of technologies (use of concentrates, pasture fertilization, cultivation of cut and carry pastures and use of dairy breeds) was related to distance from the farm to the nearest population, farmer education, farmer age and income. Policies directed towards improving market access and rural infrastructure would reduce transaction costs and increase non-farm employment opportunities. Similarly, investments in education and training would improve management capacity and technology adoption. However, current extension services do not seem to have an effect on technology adoption and, therefore, need to be improved/ better targeted.
Patterns of care for renal surgery: Underutilization of nephron-sparing procedures
Authors: Hammett Jessica , Ko Joan , Byrd Nora , Crispen Paul L. , Krupski Tracey L.
Published: November 2013

Background: Nephron-sparing procedures are well-described, provide similar oncologic outcomes to nephrectomy, and potentially decrease morbidity as compared to nephrectomy.Methods: We analyzed academic and community health system data from Virginia and Kentucky to evaluate the utilization and cost of nephron-sparing procedures. Primary International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) diagnosis and procedure codes were employed to target subjects of interest.Results: In total, we analyzed 3809 subjects from Virginia and 3163 subjects from Kentucky between 2004 and 2009 who underwent treatment of a malignant renal mass. There has been a 6.1% and 14.8% decrease in nephrectomy utilization in Virginia and Kentucky, respectively, since 2004. In 2009, 71.4% and 68.8% of all procedures for the treatment of renal masses were radical nephrectomies. The proportion of nephron-sparing procedures has increased in academic (20%) and community (15%) health systems since 2004. The difference in cost between nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and ablative therapy in Virginia and Kentucky hospitals was negligible (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Nephron-sparing procedures have been increasingly employed over the last 6 years, but are still underutilized. There does not appear to be a significant cost difference in the treatment of renal masses with nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy or ablative therapies.
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: A rare entity and a review of the literature
Authors: Pompeo Alexandre , Molina Wilson , Pohlman Garrett , Sehrt David , Kim Fernando
Published: November 2013

Scrotal calcinosis is a rare condition with presentation includingin tradermal nodules varying in size and number. Differentials include calcification of epidermal or pilar cysts noted by the presence of keratinaceous debris. We present 2 cases of scrotal calcinosis at our institution.
Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the prostate a case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Tao , Jin Tao , Luo Deyi , Chen Lin , Li Xiang
Published: November 2013

We present a case of Ewing’s sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the prostate. A 29-year-old male presented with difficult defecation and anus distention; on magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvis, we found a prostate tumour. A transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent cystoprostatectomy and replacement ileocystoplasty and was followed by multi-agent chemotherapy. PNET/ Ewing’s sarcoma of the prostate is extremely rare. The prognosis is very poor, so we should pay enough attention to the differential diagnosis and treatment.
Metastatic prostate cancer in transsexual diagnosed after three decades of estrogen therapy.
Authors: Turo Rafal , Jallad Samer , Cross William Richard , Prescott Stephen
Published: November 2013

The incidence of prostate cancer in transsexual patients is very low with only few reported cases. Many years before presenting with prostate cancer, these patients receive hormone ablation as a part of their gender therapy. Their disease is already defined as castrate resistant, and the treatment and follow-up of such patients remains a challenge. We report a case of a male-to-female transgender woman who was diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer, 31 years post-feminization.
Sexual function outcomes following fracture of the penis.
Authors: Nason Gregory J , McGuire Barry B , Liddy Stephen , Looney Aisling , Lennon Gerald M , Mulvin David W , Galvin David J , Quinlan David M
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Fracture of the penis is a rare urological emergency which occurs as a result of abrupt trauma to an erect penis. There is paucity of data regarding long-term sexual function or erectile potency following fracture of the penis. The aim of this study is to objectively assess the overall sexual function following fracture of the penis.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 21 penile fractures was performed. A voluntary telephone questionnaire was performed to assess long term outcomes using three validated questionnaires-the Erection Hardness Grading Scale, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Brief Male Sexual Function inventory (BMSFI).Results: The mean age was 33.1 years (range: 19-63). The median follow up was 46 months (range: 3-144). All fractures were a result of sexual misadventure and all were surgically repaired. There were two concomitant urethral injuries. Seventeen patients were contactable. Fourteen patients demonstrated no evidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) (IIEF-5>22), 1 patient reported symptoms of mild ED (IIEF-5, 17-21) and one patient reported mild to moderate ED (IIEF-5, 12-16). No patients reported insufficient erection for penetration (EHGS: 1 or 2). Regarding the overall BMSFI, 13 (83%) patients were mostly satisfied or very satisfied with their sex life within the previous month.Conclusion: In a small surgical series of men with penile fracture managed within a short time frame from presentation, we demonstrate erectile potency is maintained. Long-term overall sexual satisfaction is promising.
Estudos geotécnicos em Boçoroca na cidade de São Pedro, São Paulo (SP)
Authors: Santoro Jair , Fulfaro Vicente José
Published: November 2013

Estudamos neste trabalho uma boçoroca localizada no município de São Pedro, que está situado na região centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, através da caracterização geotécnica dos sedimentos onde ocorre, analisaram-se os fatores influentes no processo erosivo e estabeleceu-se a contribuição de certas feições e características observadas, tanto no campo como em laboratório, que interferem na gênese e evolução das erosões aceleradas. Os sedimentos analisados apresentam homogeneidade granulométrica, baixos valores de parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e valores relativamente elevados dos Índices de vazios. Os valores da perrneabilidade (K20º) estão em tomo de 4,27x10-3cm/s e os da porosidade, 42%. Quanto aos limites de consistência, as amostras caracterizam-se como não plásticas.
Considerações sobre a posição estratigráfica e tectonismo deformador da formação Itaqueri na porção centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Riccomini Claudio
Published: November 2013

A Formação Itaqueri, na sua área-tipo, compreende depósitos rudáceos de leque aluviais dispostos sobre as serras de Itaqueri, São Pedro, São Carlos e Cuscuzeiro, cuja gênese está relacionada à evolução da Superficie de Aplainamento Japi. Sua idade paleocênica-eocênica é atribuída pela existência de processos de silicificação hidrotermal penecontemporâneos à sedimentação, associados à colocação de corpos de rochas alcalinas, com esta idade, ao longo do Alinhamento do Rio Moji-Guaçu. O tectonismo deformador desta unidade é caracterizado pela presença de estruturas rúpteis, principalmente falhas e juntas, relacionadas com movimentações ao longo dos alinhamentos estruturais do Rio Tietê, São Carlos - Leme e Rio Moji-Guaçu. As falhas possuem um eixo de tensão principal máxima, σ1, de orientação NW, horizontal, eixo de tensão principal mínima, σ3, NE, horizontal, e eixo intermediário, σ2, vertical, compatíveis com um binário transcorrente dextral de direção geral WNW a E-W, provavelmente neotectônico
Caracterização morfométrica de uma superfície cárstica do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo (Núcleo Caboclos - Petar)
Authors: Ferrari José Antonio , Hiruma Silvio Takashi , Karmann Ivo
Published: November 2013

Este trabalho apresenta um método para a obtenção de parâmetros morfométricos de paisagens cársticas a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Foram obtidos valores de rugosidade, declividade, amplitude do relevo, densidade da drenagem e circularidade em depressões poligonais fechadas. O método é aplicado para obter uma assinatura quantitativa da totalidade da paisagem cárstica, bem como para a caracterização individual das depressões fechadas. Foram realizadas análises espaciais e correlações dos diversos parâmetros morfométricos obtidos. Os dados mostram que depressões mais circulares possuem menor área e baixo desenvolvimento de drenagem. As depressões de maior área são menos circulares e possuem rede de drenagem e amplitude de relevo maiores. Os dados obtidos, integrados com conhecimentos prévios da área, permitem interpretar que a forma planimétrica das depressões na região depende da anisotropia da resistência ao desenvolvimento da drenagem.
Metabolic Activation and Inactivation of Irinotecan when Combined with the Human Monoclonal Antibody Bevacizumab
Authors: Martin Czejka  , Andreas Kiss  , Eva Ostermann  , Johannes Schueller  , Mansoor Ahmed  , Najia Mansoor  , Tasneem Ahmad
Published: November 2013

Purpose: This pharmacokinetic study was designed to investigate whether the co-administration of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (BVC) shows potential to modulate the plasma disposition of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its metabolites.
Patients and Methods: Ten patients suffering from advanced colorectal cancer entered this pharmacokinetic study. Patients received CPT-11 as a 60 min i.v. - infusion (180 mg/m2, total dose 339 ± 32 mg) weekly for six weeks. BVC was administered biweekly as an intravenous 90 min infusion containing 5 mg BVC per kg body weight in 100 ml balanced sodium chloride solution. Pre-medication consisted of tropisetrone (3 mg i.v. push) and atropine (0.5 mg i.v.) one hour before CPT-11 infusion. Plasma samples were analysed during / after the first (MONO) and after the third CPT-11 infusion (BVC regimen).
Results: BVC did not alter plasma disposition and pharmacokinetics of the parent compound CPT-11, but in contrary BVC appeared to lower the plasma concentrations of the metabolites SN-38, SN-38gluc and APC.
Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that administration of BVC prior to chemotherapy showed no clinically significant impact on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic activation of CPT-11.
A DNA Vaccine Targeting the Fetal Liver Kinase-1 (Flk-1) can Activate the Special CD8+ T Cell and Inhibit the Metastasis of Orthotopic Lewis Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Xin Liu  , Yan Chen  , Zhi Ping Wu  , Cong Guo Jin  , Xiao Qun Chen  , Jia Li  , Yong Chun Zhou  , Xi Cai Wang
Published: November 2013

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths and need new more effective therapies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of recombinant orally DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated S.typhimurium strain SL3261 (aroA mutant) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2), also known as fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) in mouse. The cDNA of extracellular domains (ECD) of VEGFR-2 (Flk-1ECD) was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, then transformed to the attenuated S.typhimurium strain to construct the oral DNA vaccine. Then pcDNA3.1-Flk-1ECD was successfully transfected into COS-7 cells and the recombinant protein was detected by Western blot. The effect of the oral DNA vaccine was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis and cytotoxicity assay. For mimic the local and regional growth pattern seen in lung cancer patients, the effect of the oral DNA vaccine on tumor growth and metastasis was analyzed by orthotopic cancer cells challenge in vivo. The results demonstrated that the oral DNA vaccine can overcome peripheral immune tolerance, and generated Flk-1- specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response. Moreover, this oral DNA vaccine could effectively reduce tumor growth, metastasis and increase the survival. It indicated that the oral VEGFR2 DNA vaccine encoding Flk-1ECD delivered by salmonella might act a potential strategy for immunotherapy of lung cancers.
Making sense of wildlife habitat use on active oil sands mines: Quasi‐experiments, occupancy models, trends assessments and upland habitat reclamation
Authors: Hawkes Virgil C. , Gibeau Pascale , Challenger Wendell
Published: July 2024

Intensive resource extraction activity in the oil sands of Canada alters the quantity, structure and distribution of native ecosystems, which in turn creates substantive challenges for conservation, land management and habitat reclamation. Progressive reclamation occurs on active mine sites in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) of Canada, along with concurrent assessments of reclamation effectiveness. Yet, little is known about the ability of reclaimed habitats to mitigate for the short‐ and long‐term impacts associated with open‐pit mines and provide functional habitat for wildlife.

We used a robust quasi‐experiment that combined camera trap data from an observational study with an innovative occupancy model to assess the effectiveness of upland reclamation to provide habitat for wildlife in the AOSR. The dynamic occupancy models were applied to 15 years of camera trap data to assess wildlife usage patterns of nine species of wildlife over seven types of habitats. The habitats sampled ranged from mining‐disturbed habitats reclaimed to upland forest ecosites common in the region, habitats disturbed by natural (fire) and human disturbances (clear‐cut logging), with comparisons to mostly intact mature forests.

Our results indicate that the nine species of wildlife assessed used habitats in a manner consistent with expectations: some preferred disturbance‐dominated habitats while others used mature forest to a higher degree. We demonstrate that the application of dynamic occupancy models to camera trap data reliably discerned these trends, providing the means to predict wildlife usage patterns in an ever‐changing landscape, including one containing bitumen extraction as a contributor to landscape‐level modifications.

Practical implication: Our work illustrates how continued monitoring of wildlife using camera traps contributes to assessments of reclamation effectiveness with respect to wildlife occurrence, distribution and usage patterns in anthropogenically and naturally disturbed landscapes. Evaluating the effectiveness of reclamation is especially important given the expected increase in habitat reclamation on active oil sands mines over the next several decades, coupled with the need to ensure that disturbed habitats regain ecological function able to sustain wildlife in the future.
Emerging Solid–State Thermal Switching Materials
Authors: Jia Junjun , Li Shuchen , Chen Xi , Shigesato Yuzo
Published: July 2024

Growing technical demand for thermal management stems from the pursuit of high–efficient energy utilization and the reuse of wasted thermal energy, which necessitates the manipulation of heat flow with electronic analogs to improve device performance. Here, recent experimental progress is reviewed for thermal switching materials, aiming to achieve all–solid–state thermal switches, which are an enabling technology for solid–state thermal circuits. Moreover, the current understanding for discovering thermal switching materials is reshaped from the aspect of heat conduction mechanisms under external controls. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives are provided to highlight new and emerging directions for materials discovery in this continuously evolving field.
Strategic Fabrication of Au4Cu2 NC/ZIF‐8 Composite Via In Situ Integration Technique for Enhanced Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Nawaz Tehseen , Eddahani Yassine , Hussain Iftikhar , Chen Xi , Low Kam Hung , He Jian , Zhang Kaili
Published: July 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their extensive porosity and versatile crystallinity, play a crucial role in the development of advanced energy storage materials. However, their application is limited by stability and conductivity issues. This study addresses these challenges by integrating ultrasmall metal nanoclusters, specifically Au4Cu2 NC, synthesized using a mixed ligand strategy combining 2, 4‐Dimethyl benzene thiol (2,4‐DMBTH) and 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe). The bimetallic Au4Cu2 NC, characterized by Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction (SCXRD), is applied to zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) using both in situ and ex situ methods to explore their electrochemical and physicochemical properties in energy storage. The in situ Au4Cu2 NC/ZIF‐8 composite demonstrated a specific capacitance that is almost two times higher than its ex situ counterpart, attributed to homogeneous dispersion and hence enhanced conductivity. This in situ integration of atomically precise bimetallic nanoclusters on MOFs significantly boosts supercapacitor performance, offering a more effective and reliable solution for energy storage. Further, in practical applications, this device demonstrated an energy density of 87.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1474 W kg−1, highlighting its robustness and potential for high‐performance energy storage applications. This approach effectively combats the issue of nanocluster aggregation on substrates, marking a significant progression in supercapacitor technology.
Current‐Adaptive Li‐Ion Storage Mechanism in High‐Rate Conversion‐Alloying Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Li Wangyang , Deng Liying , Cao Jiaqi , Ke Bingyuan , Wang Xinghui , Ni Shibing , Cheng Shuying , Lu Bingan
Published: July 2024

Beyond the high theoretical capacity, conversion‐alloying metal chalcogenides (CAMCs) exhibit exceptional high‐rate performance as Li‐ion battery electrodes. However, the inherent origin of the high‐rate performance remains elusive, especially given the lower intrinsic conductivity of CAMCs. Here, the correlation between phase evolution and charge transport dynamics in fully activated CAMCs is systematically investigated, elucidating a current‐adaptive Li‐ion storage mechanism to explain the anomalous high‐rate performance. Briefly, the deconversion reaction manipulated by ion diffusion acts as a “regulator” to adaptively modulate the transition from metal (high electronic conductivity) and lithium chalcogenides (high ionic conductivity) to CAMCs, thus removing the charge transport bottleneck without affecting the formation of the metal feedstock required for the alloying reaction. On this basis, the high capacity can be maintained at high rates through a “fading‐free” alloying reaction. This study offers a novel perspective for the design of high‐rate electrode materials.
Manipulation of Linked Phosphorus Chemistry to Enhance the Battery Performance of Phenazine‐Based Porous Polymers
Authors: Zeng Jing , Chen Ling , Zhang Sen , Xing Fangfang , Li Hongyan , Wang Xiujuan , He Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Organic p‐type cathodes have captured increasing attention for lithium‐organic batteries due to their high voltage output. However, because of the low electronic and ionic conductivity, the p‐type organic electrode materials often show sluggish reaction kinetics and hence low capacities and poor cyclability. In this work, three conjugated polymers (Pz‐TPPO, Pz‐TPPS, and Pz‐TPP) based on p‐type phenazine linked with triphenyl phosphine are reported with different chemical modifications of phosphorus atom. Through oxidation and sulfuration of phosphorus atoms, the electron‐accepting property strength is increased, resulting in higher electronic conductivity of Pz‐TPPO and Pz‐TPPS. It is also found that the P═O unit in Pz‐TPPO exhibits stronger Li+ coordination, which can bring anions into close proximity to the redox centers, further improving the anion shuttling during charge and discharge. All these lead to the best lithium‐organic battery performance of Pz‐TPPO, such as high voltage output (3.1–3.9 V), high reversible specific capacity (149 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and excellent cycle stability. The potential application has also been demonstrated in Pz‐TPPO//graphite full battery. This work provides a novel strategy for designing donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer by simple phosphorus modification toward high‐performance organic batteries.
Donor Sex and Passage Conditions Influence MSC Osteogenic Response in Mineralized Collagen Scaffolds
Authors: Kolliopoulos Vasiliki , Tiffany Aleczandria , Polanek Maxwell , Harley Brendan A. C.
Published: July 2024

Contemporary tissue engineering efforts often seek to use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their multi‐potent potential and ability to generate a pro‐regenerative secretome. While many have reported the influence of matrix environment on MSC osteogenic response, few have investigated the effects of donor and sex. Here, a well‐defined mineralized collagen scaffold is used to study the influence of passage number and donor‐reported sex on MSC proliferation and osteogenic potential. A library of bone marrow and adipose tissue‐derived stem cells from eight donors to examine donor viability in osteogenic capacity in mineralized collagen scaffolds is obtained. MSCs displayed reduced proliferative capacity as a function of passage duration. Further, MSCs showed significant sex‐associated variability in osteogenic capacity. Notably, MSCs from male donors displayed significantly higher cell proliferation while MSCs from female donors displayed significantly higher osteogenic response via increased alkaline phosphate activity, osteoprotegerin release, and mineral formation in vitro. The study highlights the essentiality of including donor‐reported sex as an experimental variable and reporting culture expansion in future studies of biomaterial regenerative potential.
Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk‐Based Implants
Authors: Zhu Ziyi , Yan Zhiwen , Ni Siyuan , Yang Huiran , Xie Yating , Wang Xueying , Zou Dujuan , Tao Chen , Jiang Wanqi , Jiang Jianbo , Su Zexi , Xia Yuxin , Zhou Zhitao , Sun Liuyang , Fan Cunyi , Tao Tiger H. , Wei Xiaoling , Qian Yun , Liu Keyin
Published: July 2024

Implantable bioelectronic devices, designed for both monitoring and modulating living organisms, require functional and biological adaptability. Pure silk is innovatively employed, which is known for its excellent biocompatibility, to engineer water‐triggered, geometrically reconfigurable membranes, on which functions can be integrated by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) techniques and specially functionalized silk. These devices can undergo programmed shape deformations within 10 min once triggered by water, and thus establishing stable bioelectronic interfaces with natively fitted geometries. As a testament to the applicability of this approach, a twining peripheral nerve electrode is designed, fabricated, and rigorously tested, demonstrating its efficacy in nerve modulation while ensuring biocompatibility for successful implantation.
Homogeneous Fluorine Doping toward Highly Conductive and Stable Li10GeP2S12 Solid Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Nini , He Qinsheng , Zhang Lu , Zhang Jing , Huang Liangfeng , Yao Xiayin
Published: July 2024

The unique structure and exceptionally high lithium ion conductivity over 10 mS cm−1 of Li10GeP2S12 have gained extensive attention in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. However, its poor resistivity to moisture and chemical/electrochemical incompatibility with lithium metal severely impede its practical application. Herein, a fluorine functionalized Li10GeP2S12 is synthesized by stannous fluoride doping and employed as a monolayer solid electrolyte to realize stable all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. The atomic‐scale mechanism underlying the impact of fluorine doping on both moisture and electrochemical stability of Li10GeP2S12 is revealed by density functional theory calculations. Fluorine surface doping significantly reduces surface hydrophilicity by electronic regulation, thereby retarding the hydrolysis reaction of Li10GeP2S12. After exposed to a relative humidity of 35%–40% for 20 min, the ionic conductivity of Li9.98Ge0.99Sn0.01P2S11.98F0.02 maintains as high as 2.21 mS cm−1, nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of Li10GeP2S12 with 0.31 mS cm−1. Meanwhile, bulk doping of highly electronegative fluorine promotes the formation of lithium vacancies in the Li10GeP2S12 system, thus allowing stable lithium plating/stripping in Li | Li symmetric batteries, boosting a critical current density reaching 2.1 mA cm−2. The LiCoO2 | lithium all‐solid‐state batteries display improved cycling stability and rate capability, showing 80.1% retention after 600 cycles at 1C.
High‐Precision Materials Printer for Fast Prototyping of Electronic Devices Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Sargeni Riccardo , Dimaggio Elisabetta , Pieri Francesco , Fabbri Filippo , Pennelli Giovanni , Colombo Luigi , Iannaccone Giuseppe , Macucci Massimo , Fiori Gianluca
Published: July 2024

There is an increasing interest in printed electronics driven principally by flexible and wearable applications. The interest stems from the ability to fabricate electronic devices, such as Field Effect Transistors (FET), more efficiently in terms of materials use and cost‐effectively than traditional lithographic techniques. Challenges persist in achieving high resolution and accuracy in defining device geometry. In the study, a high‐resolution materials printer able to achieve resolutions in the micron range, surpassing the capabilities of commercially available printers is successfully designed and fabricated. The printer incorporates an all‐in‐one printing system, comprising Inkjet and a Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) technique, enabling both additive and subtractive manufacturing at the microscale. The experiments demonstrate the successful fabrication of FETs based on 2D materials (2DMs), with micrometric channel lengths exhibiting a high degree of controllability and repeatability, even when contacting limited channel regions as micrometer‐sized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes. Electrical characterizations of the fabricated devices underscore the significant technological advancements achieved by the prototypes.
A Case Study of 2D Bi2O2Se Nanoplate Near‐Infrared Photodetectors from the Perspective of Practical Applications
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Zekai , Luo Huijia , Zhang Songqing , Pan Wenwu , Liu Junliang , Ren Yongling , Lei Wen
Published: July 2024

Over the past several decades infrared (IR) photodetectors have received wide attention due to their important applications. 2D materials, distinguished by their unique electronic structures, ultimate dimensional confinement, and robust light‐matter interactions, provide a promising candidate for fabricating future IR photodetectors. However, there is a lack of reports concerning the practical industrial applications of these 2D photodetectors, despite that some of these 2D photodetectors have demonstrated performance exceeding that of commercial photodetectors. In this work, a case study on 2D Bi2O2Se nanoplate near‐infrared photodetectors from the perspective of practical applications is presented. With the characterization method used for nano detectors, the 2D Bi2O2Se photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 212.5 A W−1, a specific detectivity of 4.99 × 1011 Jones and an external quantum efficiency of 26 887.68% at wavelength of 980 nm, while with the traditional characterization method the photodetector shows a responsivity of 0.13 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 2.26 × 106 Jones and an external quantum efficiency of 17.87% at wavelength of 900 nm. The Bi2O2Se nanoplate photodetector also presents good passive imaging quality in the near‐infrared wavelength region. These results suggest the great potential of Bi2O2Se nanoplate photodetectors for practical applications.
Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies for Microplastics Identification: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zhu Yanmin , Li Yuxing , Huang Jianqing , Zhang Yunping , Ho Yuen‐Wa , Fang James Kar‐Hei , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: July 2024

Global concern about microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles is continuously rising with their proliferation worldwide. Effective identification methods for MP and NP pollution monitoring are highly needed, but due to different requirements and technical challenges, much of the work is still in progress. Herein, the advanced optical imaging systems that are successfully applied or have the potential for MP identification are focused on. Compared with chemical and thermal analyses, optical methods have the unique advantages of being nondestructive and noncontact and allow fast detection without complex sample preprocessing. Furthermore, they are capable of revealing the morphology, anisotropy, and material characteristics of MP for their quick and robust detection. This review aims to present a comprehensive discussion of the relevant optical imaging systems, emphasizing their operating principles, strengths, and drawbacks. Multiple comparisons and analyses among these technologies are conducted in order to provide practical guidelines for researchers. In addition, the combination of optical and other alternative technologies is described and the representative portable MP detection devices are highlighted. Together, they shed light on the prospects for long‐term MP pollution monitoring and environmental protection.
MdSINA2‐MdNAC104 Module Regulates Apple Alkaline Resistance by Affecting γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis and Transport
Authors: Li Yuxing , Tian Xiaocheng , Liu Tanfang , Shi Yanjiao , Li Yunhao , Wang Hongtao , Cui Yinglian , Lu Shuaiyu , Gong Xiaoqing , Mao Ke , Li Mingjun , Ma Fengwang , Li Cuiying
Published: July 2024

Soil alkalization is an adverse factor limiting plant growth and yield. As a signaling molecule and secondary metabolite, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) responds rapidly to alkaline stress and enhances the alkaline resistance of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the GABA pathway adapts to alkaline stress remain unclear. In this study, a transcription factor, MdNAC104 is identified, from the transcriptome of the alkaline‐stressed roots of apple, which effectively reduces GABA levels and negatively regulates alkaline resistance. Nevertheless, applying exogenous GABA compensates the negative regulatory mechanism of overexpressed MdNAC104 on alkaline resistance. Further research confirms that MdNAC104 repressed the GABA biosynthetic gene MdGAD1/3 and the GABA transporter gene MdALMT13 by binding to their promoters. Here, MdGAD1/3 actively regulates alkaline resistance by increasing GABA synthesis, while MdALMT13 promotes GABA accumulation and efflux in roots, resulting in an improved resistance to alkaline stress. This subsequent assays reveal that MdSINA2 interacts with MdNAC104 and positively regulates root GABA content and alkaline resistance by ubiquitinating and degrading MdNAC104 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Thus, the study reveals the regulation of alkaline resistance and GABA homeostasis via the MdSINA2‐MdNAC104‐MdGAD1/3/MdALMT13 module in apple. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of alkaline resistance in plants.
In Situ Construction of Bionic Self‐Recognition Layer for High‐Performance Zinc–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Su Tingting , Ren Wenfeng , Xu Mi , Xu Peiwen , Le Jiabo , Ji Xu , Dou Haozhen , Sun Runcang , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2024

Aqueous Zinc–Iodine (Zn–I2) batteries are promising candidates as energy storage system because of their high safety and low cost, but their application is hindered by the dendrite growth, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and corrosion, the shuttle and self‐discharge effect of I3− at electrode/electrolyte interface. Inspired by self‐recognition mechanism of Zn supplement for human body, a self‐recognition layer (SR) is in situ constructed on Zn surface through the coordination of chondroitin sulfate (CHS) molecules with Zn2+ ions and Zn metal, which can induce the uniform Zn2+ deposition via the self‐recognition of Zn2+, suppress the HER and corrosion via physical shielding, as well as restrain the self‐discharge effect of I3− ions via electrostatic repulsion. The in situ SR affords the highly reversible plating/stripping for 9000 h. Remarkably, Zn–I2 full batteries with SR achieve long cycling‐life of 16 000 cycles, which is verified by pouch cell with stable charge/discharge capacity of ≈130 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles. This bionic self‐recognition methodology opens novel avenues to design the optimal electrode/electrolyte interface for high‐performance Zn–I2 batteries.
Amorphous High‐Entropy Alloy Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zheng Longhong , Lv Ruixin , Luo Chong , Guo Yafei , Yang MingFan , Hu KaiKai , Wang Ke , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: July 2024

The unstable anode/electrolyte interphase induces severe lithium dendrite growth hindering the practical application of lithium metal batteries. The lithium alloy interphase presents a promising strategy for regulating Li+ plating/stripping behavior. However, binary or ternary alloys are insufficient to address various challenges in lithium metal batteries and the high temperature required for alloy preparation hampers their direct applications on lithium metal surfaces. In this study, a high‐entropy alloy (HEA) interphase is developed on lithium metal surfaces via room‐temperature magnetron sputtering, showcasing multifunctional advantages in regulating Li+ plating/stripping behavior. The cocktail effect of the (HEA) facilitated the formation of a homogeneous amorphous interphase with abundant lithiophilic sites and magnetic properties, promoting uniform Li+ nucleation and deposition. Furthermore, the high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of HEA provided physicochemical stability for the lithium anode interphase, consistently suppressing dendrite growth. Consequently, lithium metal anodes with HEA interphases exhibited robust cycling performance lasting over 4000 h at 2 mA cm−2. The LFP full battery demonstrated high‐capacity retention of 90% with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%. Thus, the HEA interphases on lithium metal surfaces offer controllable regulation of Li+ deposition behavior through high‐entropy manipulation, opening novel strategies for stable lithium metal batteries.
Novel Multi‐configuration Elastic Actuator with Controllable Energy Flow and Power Modulation for Dynamic Energy Robot Systems
Authors: Wei Dunwen , Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Kunjian , Gao Tao , Hussain Sajjad , Ficuciello Fanny
Published: July 2024

Designing actuators that can modulate power, achieve high energy efficiency, and ensure safe collision remains a challenge, especially for dynamic energy robot systems (DERS) with high‐performance requirements. Herein, a novel multi‐configuration elastic actuator (MCEA) is proposed based on a controllable planetary differential mechanism (PDM) with one power port from three springs. These springs, positioned between the inner gear ring and the fixed housing shell, are regulated by a single servo motor through a ratchet–pawl mechanism. This setup enables the springs to absorb energy during collisions, reducing impact and subsequently releasing this energy to boost power output. The inner gear ring functions as a controllable one‐way rotating element, acting either as an input or output for power. The MCEA's ability to manage power modulation and energy flow is demonstrated through experiments that highlight its potential for safe collision management, energy recycling, and power modulation. Experiment results indicate that the maximum output power of the MCEA in the proposed hybrid elastic actuation (HEA) mode is 8.05 times higher than that in the traditional actuation (TA) mode. A single‐legged robot with a four‐link mechanism is also built to validate the considerable performance in the application of legged robots, showing considerable adaptability and prospects for DERS.
Malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis: Current prevalences and risk factors among schoolchildren in Misiones (Argentina)
Authors: Zonta María Lorena , Servián Andrea , Virgolini Belén , Garraza Mariela , Minardi Graciela , Navone Graciela T.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the current prevalences of nutritional status and intestinal parasites, and their potential association with socio‐environmental conditions among schoolchildren in Aristóbulo del Valle, Misiones.

Methods

We measured body weight and height in 444 schoolchildren aged 3–14 years and evaluated their nutritional status following WHO criteria. We examined fecal samples and anal swabs from 234 schoolchildren and collected socio‐environmental data through questionnaires.

Results

The prevalence of undernutrition was 4.5% and excess of weight was 24.1%. The prevalence of stunting and of being overweight reached 2.3% and 12.4%, respectively. About 42% of the schoolchildren were infected with at least one of the 12 species identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp., Enterobius vermicularis, and Giardia lamblia. Entamoeba dispar was recorded for the first time in the locality. The multiple correspondence analysis identified peri‐urban, urban, and rural groups. Underweight, stunting and obesity were highest in the peri‐urban group, while overweight, wasting and parasitism rates were highest in the rural group. The urban group showed the lowest parasitic prevalences. Bed‐sharing, mother's education, and animal husbandry were associated with parasitic infections.

Conclusions

The study highlights a decrease in undernutrition but a rise in overweight and obesity, indicating an ongoing nutritional transition. The association between socio‐environmental risk factors and parasitic infections underscore the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both nutritional and socio‐environmental conditions to improve the population's life quality.
Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome: Report of an atypical case with 8q21.3–q22.1 deletion
Authors: Mitrakos A. , Kekou K. , Tilemis F.‐N. , Svingou M. , Papadimas G. , Sofocleous C. , Traeger‐Synodinos J. , Tzetis M.
Published: July 2024

Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome (NMLFS) is a rare condition characterized by unique facial features, initially described in a 4‐year‐old boy from Nablus, Palestine. These features include expressionless facial appearance, tight facial skin, blepharophimosis, sparse eyebrows, and a flat nose. Genetic studies have identified a deletion of 8q22.1 as the cause of the syndrome, however while 26 patients have been reported with the deletion, only 13 displayed the characteristic facial features. Here we report on a 35‐year‐old male with 8q21.3–q22.1 deletion identified by whole exome sequencing and Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) that presents with typical and atypical features, including neurodevelopmental disorder, mild facial features, and myopathy, which has not been described in a patient with NMLFS to date. Further research will be required to understand the underlying pathogenetic mechanism of this rare genetic disorder.
Morphological and morphometric study of the hominin dental casts from Grotta‐Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy)
Authors: Seghi Francesca , Sorrentino Rita , Bailey Shara E. , Piccirilli Erica , Vazzana Antonino , Bortolini Eugenio , Higgins Owen A. , Marciani Giulia , Orlando Medica A. , Spinapolice Enza E. , Moroni Adriana , Benazzi Stefano
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Grotta‐Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy) is a pivotal site for investigating the evolution of the Middle Paleolithic and the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in southern Italy, as the extensive stratigraphic record of this site includes a thick Mousterian sequence followed by the Uluzzian. Here, we investigate the taxonomic affinity of seven unpublished deciduous human teeth retrieved from the site of Uluzzo C in 1960.

Materials and Methods

The teeth are represented by seven plaster dental casts, which are housed at the Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Paletnologia in Maglie (Lecce, Apulia). The location of the original specimens remains unknown, rendering these casts the only human remains evidence yielded by Uluzzo C to date. Based on occlusal‐view photographs and digital models of the casts, we examined the external morphology and morphometry of the teeth, comparing them to Homo sapiens and H. neanderthalensis samples. Through geometric morphometric methods and statistical analyses, we analyzed the crown outline of the deciduous molars.

Results

The teeth show morphological and morphometric features that are variably found in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens, or both. Specifically, crown outline analysis shows that all molars fall within H. neanderthalensis variability, except for Uluzzo 853 (lower right deciduous first molar), which falls within H. sapiens variability.

Discussion

This study provides the first taxonomic assessment of the hominin teeth from Uluzzo C. The results contribute additional insights into the Paleolithic peopling of southern Italy during a crucial period marked by the persistence of post‐Tyrrhenian Neanderthal techno‐complexes and the arrival of H. sapiens.
A Microscopically Heterogeneous Colloid Electrolyte for Extremely Fast‐Charging and Long‐Calendar‐Life Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Zou Wenwu , Jiang Guoxing , Qi Shengguang , Peng Siyuan , Song Huiyu , Cui Zhiming , Liang Zhenxing , Du Li
Published: July 2024

Fast‐charging capability and calendar life are critical metrics in rechargeable batteries, especially in silicon‐based batteries that are susceptible to sluggish Li+ desolvation kinetics and HF‐induced corrosion. No existing electrolyte simultaneously tackles both these pivotal challenges. Here we report a microscopically heterogeneous covalent organic nanosheet (CON) colloid electrolyte for extremely fast‐charging and long‐calendar‐life Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries. Theoretical calculations and operando Raman spectroscopy reveal the fundamental mechanism of the multiscale noncovalent interaction, which involves the mesoscopic CON attenuating the microscopic Li+‐solvent coordination, thereby expediting the Li+ desolvation kinetics. This electrolyte design enables extremely fast‐charging capabilities of the full cell, both at 8 C (83.1 % state of charge) and 10 C (81.3 % state of charge). Remarkably, the colloid electrolyte demonstrates record‐breaking cycling performance at 10 C (capacity retention of 92.39 % after 400 cycles). Moreover, benefiting from the robust adsorption capability of mesoporous CON towards HF and water, a notable improvement is observed in the calendar life of the full cell. This study highlights the role of microscopically heterogeneous colloid electrolytes in enhancing the fast‐charging capability and calendar life of Si‐based Li‐ion batteries. Our work offers fresh perspectives on electrolyte design with multiscale interactions, providing insightful guidance for the development of alkali‐ion/metal batteries operating under harsh environments.
Non‐Alternant Nanographenes Bearing N‐Doped Non‐Hexagonal Pairs: Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Luo Huan , Liu Junzhi
Published: July 2024

Introduction of non‐hexagons and/or heteroatoms allows for finely tuning the physicochemical properties of nanographenes. Heteroatoms doping have dominated the modulation of nanographenes with tunable band gap, rich electrochemical activities and so on. The pair of non‐hexagons, for instance, pentagon‐heptagon pairs, have furnished nanographenes with aromatic and/or antiaromatic characteristics, open‐shell properties and so on. In order to meet the growing demand for versatile nanographenes in materials science, research on novel nanographenes with heteroatom doped non‐hexagonal pairs has been aroused in recent years. In this review, we focus on nanographenes with nitrogen‐doped non‐hexagonal paris including the synthesis, structure analysis, photophysical properties, and potential applications in organic devices.