bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Fake news represents a particularly egregious and direct avenue by which inaccurate beliefs have been propagated via social media. We investigate the psychological profile of individuals who fall prey to fake news.

Method

We recruited 1,606 participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for three online surveys.

Results

The tendency to ascribe profundity to randomly generated sentences—pseudo‐profound bullshit receptivity—correlates positively with perceptions of fake news accuracy, and negatively with the ability to differentiate between fake and real news (media truth discernment). Relatedly, individuals who overclaim their level of knowledge also judge fake news to be more accurate. We also extend previous research indicating that analytic thinking correlates negatively with perceived accuracy by showing that this relationship is not moderated by the presence/absence of the headline’s source (which has no effect on accuracy), or by familiarity with the headlines (which correlates positively with perceived accuracy of fake and real news).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that belief in fake news may be driven, to some extent, by a general tendency to be overly accepting of weak claims. This tendency, which we refer to as reflexive open‐mindedness, may be partly responsible for the prevalence of epistemically suspect beliefs writ large.
The Influence of Sellers on Contract Choice: Evidence from Flood Insurance
Authors: Collier Benjamin L. , Ragin Marc A.
Published: March 2019

We examine the ability of insurers to influence the coverage limit decisions of 180,000 households in the National Flood Insurance Program. In this program, private insurers sell identical flood contracts at identical rates and bear no risk of paying claims. About 12 percent of new policyholders overinsure, selecting a coverage limit that exceeds their home's estimated replacement cost. Overinsuring is expensive relative to expected loss, making it difficult to explain with standard decision‐making models. The rate of overinsuring differs substantially across insurers, ranging from zero to one‐third of new policies. Insurer effects on the likelihood of overinsuring are statistically significant after controlling for the policyholder's characteristics. Additionally, some insurers seem to encourage households to overinsure in percentage terms (e.g., buy 110 percent of replacement cost) while others encourage rounding up in dollars (e.g., to the next $ 10,000). We find that insurers’ distribution systems and commission rates influence whether their policyholders overinsure.
The bifunctional transporter‐receptor IRT1 at the heart of metal sensing and signalling
Authors: Cointry Virginia , Vert Grégory
Published: March 2019

Transporters are at the centre of regulatory modules allowing optimal assimilation, distribution or efflux of substrate molecules. The IRT1 root metal transporter represents a textbook example in which detailed regulatory networks have been shown to integrate several endogenous and exogenous cues at various levels to regulate its expression and to fine tune iron uptake. Here, we summarise recent advances in the dissection of the transcriptional and posttranslational control of IRT1 by its various metals substrates and discuss the emerging role of IRT1 in the direct sensing of non‐iron metals flowing through IRT1 to drive its degradation. We propose that transporters that also act as receptors are likely to be a common theme in the regulation of nutrient transport by sensing local nutrient concentrations.
The speciation and distribution characteristics of Cu in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel
Authors: Wu J. , Wang L. , Ma F. , Zhao L. , Huang X.
Published: March 2019

Heavy metal allocation and the mechanism(s) of metal sequestration in different clonal organs, micro‐domains and subcellular structures has not been systematically studied for rhizomatous perennial plants. It is thus pertinent to investigate knowledge of the speciation and distribution characteristics of Cu in Phragmites australis to elucidating the mobility of metals in wetland plants after their uptake via root systems so as to facilitate development of strategies to enhance Cu tolerance.

This study investigated the distributions of Cu in P. australis root, stem and leaf using ICP‐MS, synchrotron‐based X‐ray micro‐fluorescence and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, then evaluated the effects of Cu on cellular structure and ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy.

The results indicate a clear preferential localisation of Cu in the roots as compared with the shoots (stems and leaves). The intensity of Cu in the vascular bundles was higher than that in the surrounding epidermis and the endodermis and parenchyma outside the medullary cavity. The dominant chemical form of Cu in P. australis was similar to Cu citrate.

The results suggest that although Cu can be easily transported into the vascular tissues in roots and stems via Cu citrate, most of the metal absorbed by plants is retained in the roots because if its high binding to the cell wall, thus preventing metal translocation to aerial parts of the plants. Therefore, P. australis showed a high capacity to accumulate Cu in roots, being therefore a suitable species for phytostabilisation interventions.
Assessment of maximal fat oxidation during exercise: A systematic review
Authors: Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Jurado‐Fasoli Lucas , De‐la‐O Alejandro , Castillo Manuel J. , Helge Jørn W. , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: March 2019

Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the exercise intensity eliciting MFO (Fatmax) are considered biological markers of metabolic health and performance. A wide range of studies have been performed to increase our knowledge about their regulation by exercise and/or nutritional intervention. However, numerous data collection and analysis approaches have been applied, which may have affected the MFO and Fatmax estimation. We aimed to systematically review the available studies describing and/or comparing different data collection and analysis approach factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation in healthy individuals and patients. Two independent researchers performed the search. We included all original studies in which MFO and/or Fatmax were estimated by indirect calorimetry through an incremental graded exercise protocol published from 2002 to 2019. This systematic review provides key information about the factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation: ergometer type, metabolic cart used, warm‐up duration and intensity, stage duration and intensities imposed in the graded exercise protocol, time interval selected for data analysis, stoichiometric equation selected to estimate fat oxidation, data analysis approach, time of the day when the test was performed, fasting time/previous meal before the test, and testing days for MFO/Fatmax and maximal oxygen uptake assessment. We suggest that researchers measuring MFO and Fatmax should take into account these key methodological issues that can considerably affect the accuracy, validity, and reliability of the measurement. Likewise, when comparing different studies, it is important to check whether the above‐mentioned key methodological issues are similar in such studies to avoid ambiguous and unacceptable comparisons.
Rain Attenuation Study over an 18 GHz Terrestrial Microwave Link in South Korea
Authors: Shrestha Sujan , Choi Dong-You
Published: March 2019

Absorption of microwave radio frequency signal by atmospheric rain and losses is prevalent at frequencies above 5 GHz. The functioning frequencies of 18 GHz are taken for the point-to-point microwave link system. This paper presents studies on rain attenuation at 18 GHz, which specifies minimum performance parameters for terrestrial fixed service digital radio communication equipment. It presents a 3.2 km experimental link at 18 GHz between Khumdang (Korea Telecom, KT station) and Icheon (National Radio Research Agency, RRA station). The received signal data for rain attenuation and the rain rate were collected at 10-second intervals over three year’s periods from 2013 to 2015. During the observation period, rain rates of about 50 mm/hr and attenuation values of 33.38 dB and 21.88 dB occurred for 0.01% of the time for horizontal and vertical polarization. This paper highlights the discussion and comparison of ITU-R P.530-16, Moupfouma, Silva Mello, and Abdulrahman models and proposed an attenuation prediction approach where it presents the relationship between theoretical specific rain attenuation as specified by ITU-R P.838-3, γ%p, and effective specific rain attenuation, γeff. Additionally, it studies 1-minute rain rates derived from higher time integration of 5-minute, 10-minute, 20-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute instances which are obtained from experimental 1-minute rainfall amounts that are maintained by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is further analyzed for 38 and 75 GHz links which shows better prediction capability. Particularly, in an 18 GHz link under horizontal polarization, ITU-R P. 530-16 shows the relative error margin of 71%, 60%, and 38% where as 64%, 49%, and 42% were obtained under vertical polarization for 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001% of the time, respectively. The limitation of research lies on the experimental system that is set up in only one location; however, the preliminary results indicate the application of a suitable 1-minute rain attenuation model for a specific site. The method provides useful information for microwave engineers and researchers in making decisions over the choice of the most suitable rain attenuation prediction for terrestrial links operating in the South Korea region, particularly for lower frequency ranges.
Modeling of Label-Free Optical Waveguide Biosensors with Surfaces Covered Partially by Vertically Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Films
Authors: Kovacs Balint , Horvath Robert
Published: March 2019

Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) is widely applied to monitor protein adsorption, polymer self-assembly, and living cells on the surface of the sensor in a label-free manner. Typically, to determine the optogeometrical parameters of the analyte layer (adlayer), the homogeneous and isotropic thin adlayer model is used to analyze the recorded OWLS data. However, in most practical situations, the analyte layer is neither homogeneous nor isotropic. Therefore, the measurement with two waveguide modes and the applied model cannot supply enough information about the parameters of the possible adlayer inhomogeneity and anisotropy. Only the so-called quasihomogeneous adlayer refractive index, layer thickness, and surface mass can be determined. In the present work, we construct an inhomogeneous adlayer model. In our model, the adlayer covers the waveguide surface only partially and it has a given refractive index profile perpendicular to the surface of the sensor. Using analytical and numerical model calculations, the step-index and exponential refractive index profiles are investigated with varying surface coverages from 0 to 100%. The relevant equations are summarized and three typically employed waveguide sensor structures are studied in detail. We predict the errors in the calculated optogeometrical parameters of the adlayer by simulating the OWLS measurement on an assumed inhomogeneous adlayer. We found that the surface coverage has negligible influence on the calculated refractive index below film thicknesses of 5 nm; the calculated refractive index is close to the refractive index of the adlayer islands. But the determined quasihomogeneous adlayer refractive index and surface mass are always underrated; the calculated quasihomogeneous thickness is heavily influenced by the surface coverage. Depending on the refractive index profile, waveguide geometry, and surface coverage, the thickness obtained from the homogeneous and isotropic modeling can even take negative and largely overestimated values, too. Therefore, experimentally obtained unrealistic adlayer values, which were dismissed previously, might be important indicators of layer structure.
Pseudomyocardial Infarction in a Patient with Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Mild Hyperkalemia
Authors: Carrizales-Sepúlveda Edgar Francisco , del Cueto-Aguilera Ángel Noé , Jiménez-Castillo Raúl Alberto , de la Cruz-Mata Olga Norali , Fikir-Ordoñez Mariana , Vera-Pineda Raymundo , Hernández-Guajardo Dalí Alejandro , Ordaz-Farías Alejandro , Flores-Ramírez Ramiro
Published: March 2019

A 48-year-old male with a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with malaise and nausea. On work-up, he was found with hyperglycemia and high anion gap metabolic acidosis, with a blood pH<6.94. A diagnosis of severe diabetic ketoacidosis was established; serum electrolyte analysis showed mild hyperkalemia. On work-up, a 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained, and it showed an ST-segment elevation on anterior leads that completely resolved with diabetic ketoacidosis treatment. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction can be a precipitant factor for diabetic ketoacidosis, and evaluation of diabetic patients with suspected myocardial infarction can be challenging since they can present with atypical or little symptoms. Hyperkalemia, which usually accompanies diabetic ketoacidosis, can cause electrocardiographic alterations that are well described, but ST-segment elevation is uncommon. A pseudomyocardial infarction pattern has been described in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis; of note, most of these patients presented severe hyperkalemia. We believe this is of great importance for clinicians because they must be able to recognize those patients that present with electrocardiographic abnormalities secondary to the metabolic alterations and those that can be experiencing actual ongoing ischemia, in order to establish an appropriate and prompt treatment.
Through-Wall Radar Classification of Human Posture Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kılıç Alper , Babaoğlu İsmail , Babalık Ahmet , Arslan Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Through-wall detection and classification are highly desirable for surveillance, security, and military applications in areas that cannot be sensed using conventional measures. In the domain of these applications, a key challenge is an ability not only to sense the presence of individuals behind the wall but also to classify their actions and postures. Researchers have applied ultrawideband (UWB) radars to penetrate wall materials and make intelligent decisions about the contents of rooms and buildings. As a form of UWB radar, stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radars have been preferred due to their advantages. On the other hand, the success of classification with deep learning methods in different problems is remarkable. Since the radar signals contain valuable information about the objects behind the wall, the use of deep learning techniques for classification purposes will give a different direction to the research. This paper focuses on the classification of the human posture behind the wall using through-wall radar signals and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The SFCW radar is used to collect radar signals reflected from the human target behind the wall. These signals are employed to classify the presence of the human and the human posture whether he/she is standing or sitting by using CNN. The proposed approach achieves remarkable and successful results without the need for detailed preprocessing operations and long-term data used in the traditional approaches.
Cell Counts, rather than Proportion, of CD8/PD-1 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Pathological Characteristics of Chinese Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer
Authors: Song Qingkun , Shi Feng , Adair Maya , Chang Hong , Guan Xiudong , Zhao Yanjie , Li Yuchen , Wu Guangjiang , Wu Jiangping
Published: March 2019

Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the association of exhausted CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinic-pathological factors. Methods. 133 patients diagnosed with primary invasive ductal breast cancer were recruited into the cross-sectional study consecutively. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect biomarker expression on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Double staining of CD8 and PD-1 was conducted on lymphocytes. Results. The proportion of CD8+/PD-1- TILs was 16% among patients with axillary lymph node metastasis, significantly lower than those without metastasis (24%). The expression of CK7, CK20, or Ki-67 was not related with the proportion of phenotypes of CD8/PD-1 TILs. Younger patients had more cell counts of CD8+/PD-1- TILs than elderly patients (18/HPF vs. 9/HPF, p<0.05). Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis had less CD8+/PD-1- TILs than those without metastasis (11/HPF vs. 27/HPF, p<0.05). Median counts of CD8+/PD-1- TILs among patients with CK20 and E-Cad expression were 33/HPF and 14/HPF, significantly higher than those among patients with negative CK20 (16/HPF) and E-Cad expression (6/HPF). Ki-67 index had a significant correlation with cell counts of CD8+/PD-1+ TILs and CD8+/PD-1- TILs, and the correlation coefficients were 0.19 and 0.21 (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion. The proportion of CD8+/PD-1- TILs was related with metastatic status of the axillary lymph node but cell counts of CD8+/PD-1- TILs were related with metastatic status of the axillary lymph node and expression of CK7, CK20, E-Cad, and Ki-67. Absolute cell counts, not proportion of CD8/PD-1 TILs, were more likely to distinguish clinic and pathologic characteristics of breast cancer.
Denotacja – humor – tabu
Authors: Proczkowska Kwiryna
Published: March 2019

Denotation – Humour – TabooThis analysis takes as its subject jokes about Poles that appeared in two US-American sitcoms: The Big Bang Theory (Teoria wielkiego podrywu) and 2 Broke Girls (Dwie spłukane dziewczyny), as well as their official Polish TV translations made for Comedy Central Polska channel. The selected examples refer to Polish traditions, history, and stereotypes about Polish people. They were divided into three categories according to their subject: a joke based on a stereotype, jokes making Poles look exotic, and jokes referring to Polish-Jewish relations, and the history of World War II. The aim here is accordingly: to characterize the original jokes, to analyze their official Polish voice-over translation, and to consider the potential differences in the reception of given fragments by the sourceculture and target-culture viewers. This paper refers to the characteristics of sitcom as a text genre and Eugene A. Nida and Charlesa R. Taber’s theory of functional equivalence.
Analysis of Intra Renal Arterial Pattern in Kidney Donors using 64-Slice Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: M. Kumaresan , A. Sangeetha , J. Vijayakumar , Francis Yuvaraj Maria , T. Siva , K Balaji
Published: March 2019

The renal artery when it reaches close to the hilum of kidney where it cleaves into anterior and posterior divisions were receives around 75% and 25% of blood respectively. Further these branches divide into many segmental branches. These segmental arteries does not have collateral system, so when there is any occlusion of these arteries which results in the ischemia of the particular segment of kidney. Anatomists believe that knowledge of presence of lower polar artery is essential for polar nephrectomy. Prior knowledge of variations in the renal vessels is required for urological surgery for preoperative investigations as there are reports of surgical complications which include enormus haemorrhage. In this study we analyzed the different variations in the intra renal branch of inferior segmental artery.
Monitoring of Carcinogenic Environmental Pollutants in raw Cows’ Milk
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed Medhat , Khalifa Marwa I. , M. Nasr Soad
Published: March 2019

These investigations were conducted to detect the residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, and cadmium in the raw milk samples of lactating cows grazing around the Sugar Cane Factory. One hundred raw milk samples were collected from apparent healthy lactating cows during the rest and work periods of the Sugar Cane Factory. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residue in milk samples was performed using a gas chromatography. Lead and cadmium levels in the milk samples were determined after digestion. Results revealed that benzo(a)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (carcinogenic), and acenaphthylene and phenanthrene non-carcinogenic were detected only in the raw milk samples during the work period, while fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were detected only during the rest period. However, chrysene and benzo(b) fluoranthene (carcinogenic) were detected in the milk at the rest and work periods of the Sugar Cane Factory. The highest levels of lead and cadmium were detected during the work period compared to the levels of lead and cadmium at rest. In conclusion, benzo(a)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene, lead and cadmium could be detected in cows’ milk which raised around the Sugar Cane Factory. Further investigations of these pollutants must be done in water, plants, air, and soil around this factory.
Antiallergical Effect of New Combined Nazal Aerodisperse System in the Conditions of Experimental Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Pozdnyakov D. I. , Khadzieva Z. D. , Pozdnyakova A. E. , Zagorskaya N. S.
Published: March 2019

To assess the severity of the anti-allergic effect of the combined nasal spray in the conditions of experimental allergic rhinitis. The experiment was performed on Balb / c male mice, which reproduced ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. The test-spray composition of fexofenadine hydrochloride + ammonium glycyrrhizinate in doses of 2.5 μg; 5 μg and 7.5 μg / nostril and compartion drugs: beclomethasone («Nasobec», IVAX Pharmaceuticals) and levocabastine («Tyzine® Allergy», Johnson & Johnson) in doses of 3.5 μg / nostril and 5 μg / nostril respectively, were administered intranasally after 14-day immunization of animals. On the 17th day of the experiment, the severity of nasal symptoms (sneezing and nasal grooming), the change in the concentration of histamine, IFN-γ, IL-6, IgE, and TNF-α and markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase activity and concentration of malonic dialdehyde) were determined. The use of levocabastine and beclomethasone contributed to the reduction of allergic symptoms, with the most pronounced pharmacological effect observed with the administration of beclomethasone. The administration of the 5 μg of test-spray reduced nasal symptoms in mice and also contributed to a decrease in the concentration of histamine, IFN-γ, IL-6, IgE, and TNF-α, as well as the restoration of pro / antioxidant balance. At the same time, the test aerodisperse system at a dose of 5 μg was comparable to beclomethasone and exceeded levocabastine in terms of pharmacological action. The high effectiveness of the test-spray, comparable to itranasal glucocorticoids, makes this compound a promising drug corrector of allergic rhinitis.
Combination Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Graeb Score Improves Prediction of Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Wayan Niryana , Anne Saputra , Tjokorda Mahadewa
Published: March 2019

Intraventricular extension of intracerebral hemorrhage (IVH) is an poor independent outcome predictor in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). IVH volume important in prediction of outcome and management; however, it is hard to measure routinely. Large IVH volume and increased number of affected ventricles have been associated with worse prognosis. Easy-to-use ICH scoring systems inform physicians of the severity and help to decide the course of management. ICH scoring system used to translate the severity into a score, allows quantification of severity, to predict outcome and clinical research. Graeb score can estimate the probability of survival in IVH volume. Purpose of this study is to combine original ICH score and Graeb score, to predict outcome in patients spontaneous ICH and determined the combination would improve the prediction.This prospective observational study of 88 patients who demonstrated spontaneous ICH with and without IVH on initial brain computed tomography (CT) were enrolled at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar throughout 2017. Independent mortality or good outcome evaluation disability using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 30 days. Combination ICH-Graeb score was created by adding Graeb Score into original ICH. Mortality rate was 53.4%, and 34% has good outcome. Statistical result in terms of predictive power ICH score for in-hospital unfavourable outcome with cutoff point ³3 {Area Under Curve (AUC): 0.7546} risk ratio 1.8 (Confidence Interval/CI 95%: 1.29-2.67; p=0.0002). While predictive power Graeb score for in-hospital unfavourable outcome with cutoff point ³1 (AUC: 0.6365) risk ratio 1.7 (Confidence Interval/CI 95%: 1.11-2.61; p=0.0034). Combined ICH and Graeb score risk ratio 1.9 (Confidence Interval/CI 95%: 1.16-3.14; p=0.0012). The combination ICH-Graeb score better tools for prediction of unfavourable outcome. Combination of ICH and Graeb score improves the prediction of outcome in spontaneous ICH. Provides as accurate, simple, applicable and reliable screening tools.
Mucoxin (Acetogenin) Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines in Breast Cancer
Authors: Muhartono Muhartono , Subeki Subeki , Hanriko Rizki
Published: March 2019

Mucoxin is a potential compound used as an anticancer agent. Mucoxin induced apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in T47D breast cancer cells line. This study aims to determine the effect of mucoxin on proinflammatory cytokines in breast cancer. Proinflammatorycytokines play important role in the development and metastasis of cancer cells. Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were grouped into five groups referred to mucoxin doses assays, they are 0 ng/mL; 0,1ng/mL; 0,5 ng/mL; 1 ng/mL; 5 ng/mL with three replication of each. Mucoxin was given for 48 hours. The levels of IL 6 and TNF-α assayed using ELISA methods. The results showed mucoxin decreases IL 6 levels in all treatment doses, but was not significant. Mucoxin also decreases TNF-α levels, with a significant reduction occurring at doses of 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL. It is suggested that mucoxin has potent to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in the development and metastasis of breast cancer.
Functional Features of Platelet Secretion in Piglets During Early Ontogenesis
Authors: Tkacheva E. S. , Zavalishina S. Y. U.
Published: March 2019

Physiologically, the secretion is considered to be a very important element of the platelet hemostasis system. Its functional state seriously determines the activity of primary hemostasis and microcirculation parameters in the capillaries, and, consequently, the course of metabolic processes throughout the body. It is known that the success of the entire hemostasis, as well as the activity of the processes in the development of the vessels of the body of productive animals, depends on the level of secretory activity of platelets. Of particular physiological significance are its features during early ontogenesis, when the body grows, matures and reaches its optimum productive qualities. For this reason, additional study of the secretory potential of platelets during the first year of life is of great importance for the physiology of the blood of piglets. These studies can help in finding approaches to the continuation of further intensification of pig production. In the work carried out, it was found that the ability of platelets to secrete increases in piglets during early ontogenesis. The main mechanism of this process should be considered as an increase in platelets of basal amount and self-assembly of actin and myosin. These changes are amplified at the physiological level in piglets due to the increase in the content of adenosine phosphate in platelet granules and the severity of its secretion under the influence of aggregation inducers. The increased activity of platelet secretion in piglets during the first year of life contributes to maintaining their microcirculation processes in the tissues at the level of their body's needs for nutrients and oxygen.
Objectively measured 24-hour activity profiles before and after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Thewlis D. , Bahl J. S. , Fraysse F. , Curness K. , Arnold J. B. , Taylor M. , Callary S. , Solomon L. B.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate if the 24-hour activity profile (i.e. waking activities and sleep) objectively measured using wrist-worn accelerometry of patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves postoperatively.

Patients and Methods

A total of 51 THA patients with a mean age of 64 years (24 to 87) were recruited from a single public hospital. All patients underwent THA using the same surgical approach with the same prosthesis type. The 24-hour activity profiles were captured using wrist-worn accelerometers preoperatively and at 2, 6, 12, and 26 weeks postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes (Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)) were collected at all timepoints except two weeks postoperatively. Accelerometry data were used to quantify the intensity (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activities) and frequency (bouts) of activity during the day and sleep efficiency. The analysis investigated changes with time and differences between Charnley class.

Results

Patients slept or were sedentary for a mean of 19.5 hours/day preoperatively and the 24-hour activity pattern did not improve significantly postoperatively. Outside of sleep, the patients spent their time in sedentary activities for a mean of 620 minutes/day (sd 143) preoperatively and 641 minutes/day (sd 133) six months postoperatively. No significant improvements were observed for light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities (p = 0.140, p = 0.531, and p = 0.407, respectively). Sleep efficiency was poor (< 85%) at all timepoints. There was no postoperative improvement in sleep efficiency when adjusted for medications (p > 0.05). Patient-reported outcome measures showed a significant improvement with time in all domains when compared with preoperative levels. There were no differences with Charnley class at six months postoperatively. However, Charnley class C patients were more sedentary at two weeks postoperatively when compared with Charnley class A patients (p < 0.05). There were no further differences between Charnley classifications.

Conclusion

This study describes the 24-hour activity profile of THA patients for the first time. Prior to THA, patients in this cohort were inactive and slept poorly. This cohort shows no improvement in 24-hour activity profiles at six months postoperative. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:415–425.
Patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated by the modified Dunn procedure have low rates of avascular necrosis, good outcomes, and little osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up
Authors: Lerch T. D. , Vuilleumier S. , Schmaranzer F. , Ziebarth K. , Steppacher S. D. , Tannast M. , Siebenrock K. A.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The modified Dunn procedure has the potential to restore the anatomy in hips with severe slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE). However, there is a risk of developing avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN). In this paper, we report on clinical outcome, radiological outcome, AVN rate and complications, and the cumulative survivorship at long-term follow-up in patients undergoing the modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis involving 46 hips in 46 patients treated with a modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE (slip angle > 60°) between 1999 and 2016. At nine-year-follow-up, 40 hips were available for clinical and radiological examination. Mean preoperative age was 13 years, and 14 hips (30%) presented with unstable slips. Mean preoperative slip angle was 64°. Kaplan–Meier survivorship was calculated.

Results

At the latest follow-up, the mean Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score was 17 points (14 to 18), mean modified Harris Hip Score was 94 points (66 to 100), and mean Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was 91 points (67 to 100). Postoperative slip angle was 7° (1° to 16°). One hip (2%) had progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Two hips (5%) developed AVN of the femoral head and required further surgery. Three other hips (7%) underwent implant revision due to screw breakage or change of wires. Cumulative survivorship was 86% at ten-year follow-up.

Conclusion

The modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE resulted in a low rate of AVN, low risk of progression to OA, and high functional scores at long-term follow-up. The slip deformities were mainly corrected but secondary impingement deformities can develop in some hips and may require further surgical treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:403–414.
A population-based comparison of joint survival of hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lapner P. L. C. , Rollins M. D. , Netting C. , Tuna M. , Bader Eddeen A. , van Walraven C.
Published: March 2019

Aims

Few studies have compared survivorship of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with hemiarthroplasty (HA). This observational study compared survivorship of TSA with HA while controlling for important covariables and accounting for death as a competing risk.

Patients and Methods

All patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty in Ontario, Canada between April 2002 and March 2012 were identified using population-based health administrative data. We used the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model to measure the association of arthroplasty type with time to revision surgery (accounting for death as a competing risk) controlling for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, income quintile, diagnosis, and surgeon factors.

Results

During the study period, 5777 patients underwent shoulder arthroplasty (4079 TSA, 70.6%; 1698 HA, 29.4%), 321 (5.6%) underwent revision, and 1090 (18.9%) died. TSA patients were older (TSA mean age 68.4 years (sd 10.2) vs HA mean age 66.5 years (sd 12.7); p = 0.001). The proportion of female patients was slightly lower in the TSA group (58.0% vs 58.4%). The adjusted association between surgery type and time to shoulder revision interacted significantly with patient age. Compared with TSA patients, revision was more common in the HA group (adjusted-health ratio (HR) 1.214, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.53) but this did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

Although there was a trend towards higher revision risk in patients undergoing HA, we found no statistically significant difference in survivorship between patients undergoing TSA or HA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:454–460.
Taxonomy confirmation of Puntius cf. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake, Jambi, Indonesia based on Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) gene
Authors: ROESMA DEWI IMELDA , TJONG DJONG HON , KARLINA WILA , AIDIL DYTA RABBANI
Published: March 2019

Roesma D. I, Tjong D. H, Karlina W, Aidil D. R. 2019. Taxonomy confirmation of Puntius cf. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake based on Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) gene. Biodiversitas 20: 54-60. The population of Puntius cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake in considered as an isolated population which found in the 20-30 meters depth under the water Gunung Tujuh Lake, Sumatra Island. The species often exhibit different phenotypic characters and may genetic characters may also different due to their response to habitat/ecological conditions. Previous study on P. binotatus from several locations in West Sumatra showed the complexity of the genetic and morphological characters. A molecular study using COI gene of P. cf. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake in Sumatera has been conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the fish. The distinct morphological characters of Puntius cf. binotatus is one black spot in the middle of the caudal and the absent of black spot on the base of the anterior dorsal ray. The analysis on COI gene showed that the range of sequence divergences between P. cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake and other Sumatra P. cf. binotatus is 3.1-7.6% and 4.1% to Barbodes banksi. This value represents the differences at the subspecies level of Barbodes banksi. Therefore Barbodes banksi gunungtujuh is proposed as an appropriate name to P. cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake.
Conflict between human and wild Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: QOMARIAH INDIRA NURUL , RAHMI TUTIA , SAID ZURAIDAH , WIJAYA ARIEF
Published: March 2019

Qomariah IN, Rahmi T, Said Z, Wijaya A. 2019. Conflict between human and wild Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 77-84. Aceh Province has the largest habitat for Sumatran elephant. However, the elephant population in the province keeps decreasing due to frequent conflict with humans. This study aimed to observe the trend and pattern of Human-elephant Conflict (HEC) in Aceh, as well as the main causes driving the conflict. To collect information, we carried out desk study, secondary data collection, and interviews with relevant actors in Aceh Jaya, Pidie, and Aceh Timur District. We collected data of HEC during the 2012-2017 period in 16 districts across Aceh. The result shows that during the six years, there were 262 HEC cases occurred in Aceh, where Aceh Timur and Aceh Jaya contributed the highest number of HEC incidence, with 47 and 44 cases respectively. Maximum Entropy analysis shows that the main factor causing the conflict is “Distance from the human settlement” with 84.7% contribution, followed by “Primary forest loss” (14.1% contribution). From the findings, we suggest reforestation in areas that becomes elephant home range and creation of barriers within the conservation forest boundaries. Moreover, HEC mitigation action should also be incorporated in provincial spatial planning (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah - Provinsi) to minimize further economic loss and wildlife extinction.
Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Y. ASMARA INDRAWATI , GARNIDA DANI , TANWIRIAH WIWIN , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: March 2019

Asmara IY, Garnida D, Tanwiriah W, Partasasmita R. 2019. Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 126-133. Pelung chickens are indigenous chickens in Indonesia derived from Cianjur District, West Java Province. The chickens which are raised as singing chickens have a distinctive body shape compared to other local chickens. Regular contests are conducted as a media to show singing ability and performance including morphological characteristics of Pelung chickens. Pelung keepers believe that the chickens inherited their singing capability from their parents. Pelung keepers perceived qualitative traits for example plumage color as an indicator of a good female breed. The objective of this study was to determine the qualitative traits of female Pelung Chickens in West Java. This study recorded comb type, color of eye, beak, skin, plumage and shank including traditional name related to the morphological traits. A survey was conducted to gather data involving 160 chickens in four districts in West Java Province, including Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Garut Districts. The results showed that adult female Pelung chickens have similar qualitative characteristics except for plumage color. The majority of pelung chickens in Bandung, Garut, and Sukabumi have black plumage, while in Cianjur District have yellow-brown color. The chicken contest seems to be the main factor dictating keepers’ preferences in terms of plumage color in Bandung, Garut and Sukabumi Districts. This study indicates a decreasing variation in plumage color of female Pelung chickens. These findings are important in terms of breeding strategy of Pelung chickens.
Pollen morphology of eight tribes of Asteraceae from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia
Authors: SALAMAH ANDI , LUTHFIKASARI RACHMI , DWIRANTI ASTARI
Published: March 2019

Salamah A, Luthfikasari R, Dwiranti A. 2019. Pollen morphology of eight tribes of Asteraceae from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 152-159. Asteraceae is one of the largest flowering plant families in the world consisting of a high diversity of species that possess many macro-morphological characters. Ecological pressures have resulted in this highly varied morphology. Our research aims to describe the pollen morphology of the Asteraceae for species occurring in Depok Campus of Universitas Indonesia. Pollens of 14 species from eight tribes were extracted using acetolysis method and observed under a light microscope. The result showed that pollen unity, shape and pollen surface appeared to be differentiating characters of the Asteraceae from other families, while polarity and symmetry characters can be distinguishing characters at higher levels of the family such as subdivisions. Aperture characters were useful to differentiate between tribes. The shape of pores and size of pollen were not useful in differentiating between tribes, but may differentiate between lower taxa. The results of this study could be used as supporting data for regrouping taxa within the Asteraceae using morphological features.
The natural forest gaps maintenance diversity of understory birds in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, northern Thailand
Authors: SIRI SUPALAK , PONPITUK YUWADEE , SAFOOWONG MONGKOL , MAROD DOKRAK , DUENGKAE PRATEEP
Published: March 2019

Siri S, Ponpituk Y, Safoowong M, Marod D, Duengkae P. 2019. The natural forest gaps maintenance diversity of understory birds in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 181-189. We compared the species composition and feeding guilds between under closed canopies and forest gaps in the low-elevation montane evergreen forest in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve. Monthly mist netting was used to capture birds from January 2015 to December 2017. In total, 958 individual birds belonging to 65 species were captured over 25,920 sampling hours. Of the total number of birds, 475 were from 51 species (Shannon-Wiener index: H' 2.974) under closed canopies and 483 were from 47 species (H' 2.985) in forest gaps. The number of bird species in gaps increased rapidly and constantly through 1 year following gap creation. Forest gap localities contained 48% of the understory birds in the area. Foliage–gleaning insectivores were the dominant bird feeding guild in both areas. Some species such as Erythrura prasina is a nomadic bird were found on first year of the forest gap only. Overall, we found that the forest gaps created by natural disturbances in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve had no negative impact on the diversity of understory bird communities. The natural forest gap are created by intermediate disturbance promotes a relatively high biodiversity of birds in the ecosystem.
Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia
Authors: KASIM FAIZAL , KHAIR KADIM MIFTAHUL , NURSINAR SITTI , KARIM ZULKIFLI , LAMALANGO ALDIN
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Kasim F, Kadim MK, Nursinar S, Karim Z, Lamalango A. 2019. Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 359-366. This study aimed to investigate and compare the current status of mangrove areas, as well as the composition and species diversity of mangrove stands in both regions of Dudepo and Ponelo Islands. The results showed that the mangrove areas calculated using the segmentation method in classifying image of Landsat-8 OLI (acquisition on September 2017) were 279.46 ha (Dudepo Island) and 113.35 ha (Ponelo Island) respectively. A total of 13 species of true mangrove were recorded from both islands, using survey method from 9 transect lines (TL), with a distance ranging from 40 to 210 meters (1-6 quadrats) per transect. The mean densities of trees were 2133 ± 329.78 ha-1 (Dudepo Island) and 2111 ± 234.28 ha-1 (Ponelo Island), while those of saplings and seedlings were 58 ± 13.48 ha-1 and 1425 ± 113.96 ha-1 (Dudepo Island), and 79 ± 14.51 ha-1 and 2963 ± 443.22 ha-1 (Ponelo Island). The mean diameter and basal area were 19.73 ± 10.65 cm and 84.22 ± 67.67 m2ha-1 (Dudepo Island), 17.04 ± 1.46 cm and 60.07 ± 15.12 m2ha-1 (Ponelo Island), respectively. The Importance Value Index (IVI) ranged between 3.97-114.87 (Dudepo Island) and 6.04-82.18 (Ponelo Island). The dominant and codominant species based on IVI in both islands were Rhizophora apiculata Blume and R. stylosa Griff. The indexes of diversity, richness, and evenness of mangrove species in both islands were 0.34-1.70, 0.48-1.18, 0.47-0.94 (trees), 0.00-1.10, 0.00-1.82, 0.00-1.00 (saplings), and 0.00.-1.48, 0.00-1.44, 0.72-1.00 (seedlings), respectively. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, based on the overall values of community attributes, was 0.75.
Biological activity of some essential oil constituents in four Nepeta L. species against Sitophilus oryzae L.
Authors: AMINI SHAHLA , GHORBANI NOHOOJI MAJID , KHANI MOUSA , REZA LABBAFI MOHAMMAD , KHALIGHI-SIGAROODI FARAHNAZ
Published: March 2019

Amini S, Nohooji MG, Khani M, Labbafi MR, Khalighi-Sigaroodi f. 2019. Biological activity of some essential oil constituents in four Nepeta L. species against Sitophilus oryzae L.. Biodiversitas 20: 338-343. Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known natural substances with insecticidal properties. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repellents, antifeedants and may affect growth and development of the insects. In an attempt to find a natural and inexpensive method for the control of stored-product pests, contact toxicity of essential oils of Nepeta cataria, Nepeta pogonosperma, Nepeta glomerulosa. and Nepeta binaloudensis. were investigated on adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in vitro condition. Chemical Composition, repellency and fumigant toxicity of the essential oils were investigated. Chemical composition of the essential oils of above plants were identified by GC-MS. 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (82.74 %) was major component of N. cataria and also different isomers of nepetalactone were among the major compounds in N. Pogonosperma and N. binaloudensis oils. In fumigants bioassay, N. glomerulosa (124.318μL/L air) showed the highest toxicity against S. oryzae adults, followed by N.pogonosperma (150.49μL/L air) and N. cataria (152.630μL/L air), respectively. Also, the S. oryzae was repelled by N. cataria (91.61%) and N. binaloudensis (91.50 %), respectively.