bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edifícios de luxo no centro de Santiago do Chile: uma escolha residencial atrativa?
Authors: Henry Line
Published: April 2019

La superficie de Santiago du Chili connaît une très importante croissance en raison de l’attrait de l’habitat pavillonnaire. Dans le secteur de la capitale où résident les individus de plus hauts revenus, à proximité du centre des affaires de Las Condes, on trouve cependant une importante offre en appartements dans des immeubles « de standing ». Notre étude visait à identifier le profil des résidents de ces édifices et leurs motivations, autrement dit les critères de leur choix résidentiel, afin de statuer sur l’éventuelle apparition d’une véritable alternative à l’habitat pavillonnaire diffus. Nous avons identifié la recherche par cette population d’une « centralité décentralisée » autorisée par la polycentralité de la capitale du Chili et constituée, dans le cadre de notre zone d’étude, autour du centre des affaires de l’avenue Apoquindo. Ce phénomène, cumulé à l’importance historique et financière des communes du secteur Est, permet aux résidents de la zone de jouir d’un important degré de ségrégation socio-économique, de sécurité, de prestige et de la proximité de services, de commerces, d’équipements, d’emplois et de transports d’une grande qualité. Or dans ce contexte où une forme de centralité est valorisée, nous avons constaté l’existence de flux de population non seulement du centre vers la périphérie mais également, et à l’échelle d’une vie, de la périphérie vers le centre. Cette nouvelle redistribution, quoique nettement moindre, implique notamment le passage du pavillon unifamilial à l’appartement en hauteur, de la très faible densité à la forte densité urbaine, et sous-entend non seulement la poursuite de l’augmentation de cette dernière dans les zones centrales, mais aussi l’existence pour la classe haute chilienne d’un modèle positif en faveur de la tour d’habitation. La réalité simultanée de ces deux flux inversés, qui dépendent de l’étape dans la vie familiale des individus, et la possession généralisée de résidences secondaires « à la plage ou à la campagne » nous empêchent toutefois de conclure à l’apparition d’un véritable idéal de l’appartement, à un nouveau profond désir de densité qui serait partagé par la classe haute de Santiago. Il conviendra pourtant d’étudier dans les années à venir l’évolution des choix résidentiels d’une génération émergente de jeunes professionnels, aujourd’hui seuls ou en couples sans enfant, qui affichent une valorisation de la centralité et ne considèrent pas le pavillon comme une alternative souhaitable. D’autre part, l’évolution des perceptions de l’appartement et même la création d’un produit immobilier en hauteur dont la qualité et les aménagements satisferaient une partie des amateurs de maisons individuelles pourrait être engendrée par le secteur très influent des entreprises immobilières chiliennes, qui y reconnaitrait son intérêt.
Ilhas Comores, Visa Balladur e a tragédia a caminho de Mayotte: uma análise interdisciplinar da complexa questão da migração nas Comores
Authors: Peccia Tiziano , Meda Rachele
Published: April 2019

Ce travail de recherche aborde la problématique de la crise migratoire aux Îles Comores, qui se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation des flux de migrants qui se dirigent vers l’île de Mayotte, département français d’outre-mer. Le « visa Balladur » requis pour débarquer légalement sur le territoire français a contribué à augmenter le flux migratoire illégal des Comoriens, qui pour diverses raisons sont prêts à tout risquer pour fuir leur pays. Dans ce travail, nous analysons différents types de migrations aux Comores, en revenant de manière transversale sur le développement de ce phénomène. Pour cela, nous avons adopté une approche méthodologique mixte, en nous appuyant à la fois sur des données quantitative, relatives au contexte socio-économique et géostratégique de l’Union des Comores, et qualitatives, issues des entretiens que nous avons menés pour comprendre les motivations des migrants.
Sistemas agrícolas e sistema de indicadores: avaliação do impacto das alterações climáticas sobre a segurança alimentar numa bacia de inundação da Amazônia
Authors: Doyen Marie Flore , Laques Anne Elisabeth , Gurgel Helen , Garcia Lucas
Published: April 2019

En Amazonie, le changement climatique se traduit principalement par un dérèglement du régime des crues, perturbant les systèmes agricoles des populations riveraines de l’Amazone et les rendant potentiellement sensibles à l’insécurité alimentaire. Afin de faciliter l’analyse des systèmes agricoles de la zone étudiée (le Lago Grande de Curuaï), une typologie a été effectuée via la matrice de Bertin, permettant d’identifier quatre systèmes types : les systèmes agro-forestier, agricole spécialisé, agro-pastoral et pisci-pastoral. A partir des informations relatives aux systèmes agricoles et ayant pour principale base deux piliers de la sécurité alimentaire (la disponibilité et l’accès aux denrées alimentaires), un système d’indicateurs a été créé suivant la méthode « Principe, Critères, Indicateurs ». Un principe, trois critères et sept indicateurs ont évalué la sécurité alimentaire à l’échelle des systèmes agricoles types et ce, suivant deux scénarios : avec ou sans survenance d’évènements extrêmes. Une dégradation de l’état de la sécurité alimentaire est observée avec la survenance d’évènements extrêmes et c’est le système agro-pastoral qui est le plus affecté par ces crises.
INTEGRATION OF MEDICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND GAS NEURAL NETWORK FOR INTELLIGENT DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Salimi Asra , Ahmadi Farshid Farnood
Published: April 2019

Close range photogrammetry is an image-based method of measurement that can be used to create a three-dimensional model of objects. This method is very popular due to its high speed, low cost, and non-invasiveness as a measurement tool in medicine. The main weakness of these systems is the lack of topology between points, which is especially important in the medical field. The neural gas network can learn the topology of the points associated with the 3D model of objects. Considering the capabilities mentioned regarding the photogrammetry and the neural gas network, a combination of these can be used as a diagnostic tool in such a way that in addition to considering the points of the model, neighboring points are also considered in the diagnostic process. Accordingly, in this study, we want to design a system by combining these two tools that can recognize diseases by their apparent symptoms. Moreover, the use of the neural gas network and the possibility of local and general examination of the organs increase the accuracy of diagnosis. Diagnosis of foot disease has been used as a case study in this system. The results showed that the neural gas network has a high degree of flexibility for modeling the human body compared to previous methods, and provides a better approximation. Also, the accuracy of reconstruction of the 3D model of the object is effective in the process of diagnosis and influences the level of intelligence of the system as well. Finally, in the system implemented, the results showed that the disease was correctly diagnosed in all 5 feet of the patient. Also, in 4 cases, the location of the disease was correctly detected and in one case the location of the disease was misdiagnosed.
Influence of human resource management practices on employee engagement in developing economy
Authors: Ahmed Shaheen , Islam Sheikh Rafiqul
Published: April 2019

Employee engagement is considered as a vital issue to the practitioners for smooth operations of their business concerns. Thus, the study is conducted to measure the influence of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices as an antecedent of employee engagement. This study collected data from 392 operational level employees through survey method who is working at different garment factories in Bangladesh. The collected data were analyzed through structural equation modeling to partial least square method. The study empirically proves that employee compensation and employee promotion opportunity have significant influence on the employees’ engagement level. This study has both theoretical and practical implications in the context of ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh since employee engagement regarded as comparatively new concept in the developing context. The practitioners and policy makers of the organization are expected to make necessary adjustments in their existing HRM practices on the basis of the results of this model in the context of developing economy like Bangladesh for enhancing the employee engagement level so that their whole-hearted efforts can be ensured for the smooth operations of business.
Progesterone Receptor Attenuates STAT1-Mediated IFN Signaling in Breast Cancer
Authors: Goodman Merit L. , Trinca Gloria M. , Walter Katherine R. , Papachristou Evangelia K. , D’Santos Clive S. , Li Tianbao , Liu Qi , Lai Zhao , Chalise Prabhakar , Madan Rashna , Fan Fang , Markiewicz Mary A. , Jin Victor X. , Carroll Jason S. , Hagan Christy R.
Published: April 2019

Why some tumors remain indolent and others progress to clinical relevance remains a major unanswered question in cancer biology. IFN signaling in nascent tumors, mediated by STAT1, is a critical step through which the surveilling immune system can recognize and destroy developing tumors. In this study, we have identified an interaction between the progesterone receptor (PR) and STAT1 in breast cancer cells. This interaction inhibited efficient IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, as we observed a decrease in phospho-STAT1 in response to IFN treatment in PR-positive breast cancer cell lines. This phenotype was further potentiated in the presence of PR ligand. In human breast cancer samples, PR-positive tumors exhibited lower levels of phospho-STAT1 as compared with their PR-negative counterparts, indicating that this phenotype translates to human tumors. Breast cancer cells lacking PR exhibited higher levels of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) RNA, the transcriptional end point of IFN activation, indicating that unliganded PR alone could decrease transcription of ISGs. Moreover, the absence of PR led to increased recruitment of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 (key transcription factors necessary for ISG transcription) to ISG promoters. These data indicate that PR, both in the presence and absence of ligand, attenuates IFN-induced STAT1 signaling, culminating in significantly abrogated activation of genes transcribed in response to IFNs. PR-positive tumors may use downregulation of STAT1-mediated IFN signaling to escape immune surveillance, leading to the development of clinically relevant tumors. Selective immune evasion of PR-positive tumors may be one explanation as to why over 65% of breast cancers are PR positive at the time of diagnosis.
Upstream Position of Proline Defines Peptide–HLA Class I Repertoire Formation and CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Hongo Ayumi , Kanaseki Takayuki , Tokita Serina , Kochin Vitaly , Miyamoto Sho , Hashino Yuiko , Codd Amy , Kawai Noriko , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Sato Noriyuki , Torigoe Toshihiko
Published: April 2019

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize peptides displayed by HLA class I molecules on cell surfaces, monitoring pathological conditions such as cancer. Difficulty in predicting HLA class I ligands is attributed to the complexity of the Ag processing pathway across the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. By means of HLA ligandome analysis using mass spectrometry, we collected natural HLA class I ligands on a large scale and analyzed the source-protein sequences flanking the ligands. This comprehensive analysis revealed that the frequency of proline at amino acid positions 1–3 upstream of the ligands was selectively decreased. The depleted proline signature was the strongest among all the upstream and downstream profiles. Experiments using live cells demonstrated that the presence of proline at upstream positions 1–3 attenuated CTL responses against a model epitope. Other experiments, in which N-terminal–flanking Ag precursors were confined in the endoplasmic reticulum, demonstrated an inability to remove upstream prolines regardless of their positions, suggesting a need for synergistic action across cellular compartments for making the proline signature. Our results highlight, to our knowledge, a unique role and position of proline for inhibiting downstream epitope presentation, which provides a rule for defining natural peptide–HLA class I repertoire formation and CTL responses.
Occult HBV infection may negatively impact on drug survival in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on treatment with a first biologic drug. An appraisal from the Biologic Apulian Registry (BIOPURE)
Authors: Carlino G. , Fornaro M. , Santo L. , Bucci R. , Semeraro A. , Quarta L. , D'Onofrio F. , Marsico A. , Zuccaro C. , Falappone P.C. , Mazzotta D. , Cantatore F.P. , Muratore M. , Iannone F.
Published: April 2019

We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the survival on first line biologic drug of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with potential occult HBV infection (pOBI). We analysed longitudinal data of 486 consecutive RA patients starting a first biological drug in a time frame from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2014. Demographic and disease related characteristics were collected at baseline and at the last observation visit. Baseline serological markers of HBV infection and causes of treatment discontinuation were also recorded. Primary endpoint was the influence of pOBI on drug survival, estimated by Kaplan-Meier life table analysis. Estimates hazard ratios (HRs) of drug discontinuation, adjusted for disease characteristics, biological drug class and HBcAb status were computed by Cox-regression models. The retention rate was significantly lower in pOBI positive patients (58.2%) when compared to pOBI negative ones (67.8%) and this data was confirmed also when only discontinuation due to ineffectiveness was considered (pOBI positive 66.4% vs pOBI negative 75.3%, long rank 7.93, p=0.005). Cox regression models showed a significant association between HBcAb-neg (HR 0.58, 0.41-0.84), higher ESR-DAS28 at baseline (HR 1.07, 1.03-1.11) or RF/ACPA-neg (HR 1.46, 1.04-2.06) and drug discontinuation. Occult HBV infection seems to influence negatively the effectiveness of biological therapies in RA patients.
A rare disease with a rare presentation: hemi-atrophy caused by fibromuscular dysplasia in a 27 month old girl
Authors: Gharib B. , Ghareh Zadeh Shirazi A. , Moradi E. , Yaghmaei B. , Ziaee V.
Published: April 2019

We discuss the case of a 27-month-old girl afflicted with fibromuscular dysplasia. She presented with hemiatrophy of left upper and lower limbs, nail dystrophy, ulcers on the tips of her toes, cold and painful limbs, foot drop, and hypertension. The initial appearance started at 2 months of age and other diagnoses such as complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic syndrome, vasculitis and coagulation disorders had been considered. Angiography revealed that all the arterial branches of the left lower and upper limbs, from brachial to ulnar and radial, and from iliac and femoral to tibialis arteries were affected. Sural nerve biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. In the follow-up visits until 2 years after the patient’s discharge she did not develop any new problem and her blood pressure was controlled by enalapril and amlodipine.
Longitudinal Assessment of Balance and Gait After Concussion and Return to Play in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Parrington Lucy , Fino Peter C. , Swanson Clayton W. , Murchison Charles F. , Chesnutt James , King Laurie A.
Published: April 2019

Context

In longitudinal studies tracking recovery after concussion, researchers often have not considered the timing of return to play (RTP) as a factor in their designs, which can limit the understanding of how RTP may affect the analysis and resulting conclusions.

Objective

To evaluate the recovery of balance and gait in concussed athletes using a novel linear mixed-model design that allows an inflection point to account for changes in trend that may occur after RTP.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

University athletics departments, applied field setting.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-three concussed (5 women, 18 men; age = 20.1 ± 1.3 years) and 25 healthy control (6 women, 19 men; age = 20.9 ± 1.4 years) participants were studied. Participants were referred by their team athletic trainers.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Measures consisted of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) total score, sway (instrumented root mean square of mediolateral sway), single-task gait speed, gait speed while simultaneously reading a handheld article (dual-task gait speed), dual-task cost of reading on gait speed, and dual-task cost of walking on reading.

Results

We observed no significant effects or interactions for the BESS. Instrumented sway was worse in concussed participants, and a change in the recovery trend occurred after RTP. We observed group and time effects and group × time and group × RTP change interactions (P ≤ .046). No initial between-groups differences were found for single-task or dual-task gait. Both groups increased gait speed initially and then leveled off after the average RTP date. We noted time and RTP change effects and positive group × time interactions for both conditions (P ≤ .042) and a group × RTP change interaction for single-task gait speed (P = .005). No significant effects or interactions were present for the dual-task cost of reading on gait speed or the dual-task cost of walking on reading.

Conclusions

Changes in the rate of recovery were coincident with the timing of RTP. Although we cannot suggest these changes were a result of the athletes returning to play, these findings demonstrate the need for further research to evaluate the effects of RTP on concussion recovery.
Radiograph Reject Analysis in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyousef Khalid A. , Alkahtani Shatha , Alessa Raghad , Alruweili Hajar
Published: April 2019

Background: Analysis of rejected radiographs is an important quality indicator of any radiology department. At King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), about 185,000 radiographs are performed annually. Methods: The rejected radiographs over a period of 5 years were analyzed using a dedicated electronic rejection system. The rejection is performed by a certified radiologist and communicated electronically to the concerned technologist. Results: A total of 455 rejected radiographs were reviewed and analyzed. Of the reviewed rejected radiographs, 247 were adults (60%) whereas 166 were pediatrics (40%). In terms of sex, 231 (56%) of the rejected radiographs were for men and 182 (44%) were for women. The most common reason for rejection was labeling (22%), followed by procedure protocol (20%). Other reasons included positioning (14%), processing (14%), artifacts (13%), wrong documentation (9%), and exposure error (6%). The rejection due to exposure error was very low (6%) owing to the utilization of digital systems that offer a wide exposure latitude. Reported data at hospitals that use analog systems show up to 67% of rejections were due to exposure error. In terms of body parts, the highest rejection was for extremities (43%) followed by chest (31%). The remaining rejected radiographs includes abdomen (9%), spine (8%), pelvis (5%), and head and neck (4%).Conclusion: The outcome of this study can be used to set up training programs to improve radiological services and reduce the unnecessary radiation exposure to the patients.
Impact of Post-Discharge Follow-Up Calls on 30-Day Hospital Readmissions in Neurosurgery
Authors: Mwachiro Dorothy M. , Baron-Lee Jacqueline , Kates Frederick R.
Published: April 2019

Background: Hospital readmissions that occur within 30 days of the initial hospital stay are costly and potentially avoidable. Studies have shown that in addition to patients’ discharge instructions and education, follow-up calls post-discharge can significantly reduce readmission that occurs within 30 days of the initial hospital stay. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse follow-up calls conducted in the neurosurgery service for discharged patients between October 2017 and February 2018 in reducing readmissions that occur within 30 days of initial hospital stay. Methods: An audit was initially conducted to assess compliance with conducting follow-up calls. Weekly discharge reports were used to check if patients received a follow-up call within 24–48 h post-discharge. To capture the nurses’ feedback on follow-up calls, an anonymous survey was administered. Medical insurance claims data, also known as claims-based data in the American health care system, were reviewed and analyzed to assess whether there was any difference in number of days from initial discharge to readmission between patients who received a follow-up call and those who did not. Results: Results based on a multivariable regression model indicated that patients who received a follow-up call after they were discharged from initial admission stayed out of hospital longer (incidence-rate ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.13, 2.10], p = 0.006) compared to those that did not receive a follow-up call. Conclusion: Readmitted patients who received post-discharge follow-up calls had significant improvements in the length of time out of the hospital. Future development could include developing additional call strategies.
Harmonic morphisms and the Penrose–Ward transform
Authors: Pantilie Radu
Published: April 2019

We show that, in quaternionic geometry, the Ward transform is a manifestation of the functoriality of the basic correspondence between the

\rho

-quaternionic manifolds and their twistor spaces. We apply this fact, together with the Penrose transform, to obtain existence results for quaternionic manifolds and for harmonic morphisms from hyper-Kähler manifolds.
Gaffney–Friedrichs inequality for differential forms on Heisenberg groups
Authors: Franchi Bruno , Montefalcone Francescopaolo , Serra Elena
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we will prove several generalized versions, dependent on different boundary conditions, of the classical Gaffney–Friedrichs inequality for differential forms on Heisenberg groups. In the first part of the paper, we will consider horizontal differential forms and the horizontal differential. In the second part, we shall prove the counterpart of these results in the context of Rumin’s complex.
Произведения Масси в когомологиях момент-угол многообразий,
соответствующих многогранникам класса Погорелова
Authors: Zhuravleva Elizaveta Grigor'evna
Published: April 2019

В этой работе построены нетривиальные произведения Масси
в когомологиях момент-угол многообразий,
соответствующих многогранникам класса Погорелова. Этот класс
включает додекаэдр, а также все фуллерены -
простые трехмерные многогранники только с 5-угольными и
6-угольными гранями. Наличие нетривиальных произведений Масси
влечет неформальность рассматриваемых пространств
в смысле рациональной теории гомотопий.
Библиография: 9 названий.
О замыкании гладких финитных функций в весовых
пространствах Гeльдера
Authors: Sidorova K V , Shlapunov Aleksandr Anatol'evich
Published: April 2019

В работе получено описание замыкания гладких финитных функций
в весовом пространстве Гeльдера на пространстве $\mathbb R^n$
для $n\ge 1$ с весом, контролирующим поведение в бесконечно
удаленной точке. В качестве применения мы получаем критерий
разрешимости операторных уравнений, порожденных дифференциалами
де Рама как в этих пространствах, так и на замыкании гладких
финитных функций в нем при $n\ge 2$.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Характеризация локально конечных простых групп типа $G_2$
над полями нечетных характеристик в классе периодических групп
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxing , Lytkina Daria Viktorovna , Mazurov Victor Danilovich
Published: April 2019

Доказывается, что периодическая группа,
каждая конечная подгруппа которой содержится в подгруппе,
изоморфной конечной простой группе лиева типа $G_2$
над полем нечетной характеристики, локально конечна.
Библиография: 15 названий.
О точных решениях одного неклассического нелинейного
уравнения четвертого порядка
Authors: Aristov Anatoly Igorevich
Published: April 2019

Для одного неклассического нелинейного уравнения в частных
производных четвертого порядка построено десять семейств
точных решений, выражаемых через элементарные и специальные
функции. Сделано сравнение этих результатов с найденными
ранее точными решениями исследуемого уравнения.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Точные решения задачи Коши для уравнения Фридмана
Authors: Kuryanovich Eduard Anatol'evich
Published: April 2019

Космологическое уравнение Фридмана для Вселенной, заполненной скалярным полем, сведено к системе из двух уравнений первого порядка, одно из которых является уравнением с разделяющимися переменными. Для второго уравнения выписаны точные решения в виде ряда для квадратичного потенциала в спиральной и аттракторной областях, а также для весьма произвольных потенциалов как в окрестности конечной точки, так и в окрестности бесконечности. Доказаны существование и единственность классических решений задачи Коши для уравнения Фридмана в одних случаях и наличия ровно двух решений в других случаях.
Сингулярные векторы алгебры Динга-Йохары-Мики
Authors: Ohkubo Yusuke
Published: April 2019

Обсуждается совпадение обобщенных функций Макдональда с сингулярными векторами некоторой алгебры $\mathcal A(N)$, проистекающее из представления на уровне $(N,0)$ (горизонтального представления) алгебры Динга-Йохары-Мики. Кроме того, приводится формула для определителя Каца алгебры $\mathcal A(N)$, имеющая вид произведения, которая проясняет тот факт, что векторы типа Пуанкаре-Биркгоффа-Витта в алгебре $\mathcal A(N)$ образуют базис в пространстве ее представлений.
Интегрирование нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с дополнительным членом в классе периодических функций
Authors: Khasanov Aknazar Bekdurdievich , Khasanov Muzaffar Masharipovich
Published: April 2019

Метод обратной спектральной задачи применяется к интегрированию нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с дополнительным членом в классе периодических функций.
Errata
Authors: Mattos Patrícia Póvoa de
Published: April 2019

Na nota científica "Efeitos do manejo sustentável da Caatinga sob os atributos físicos do solo", DOI: 10.4336/2018.pfb.38e201801581, publicado na Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, v. 38, 2018, no rodapé da página, onde se lia:“Pesq. flor. bras., Colombo, v. 38, e01581, p. 1-5, 2018”,Leia-se:“Pesq. flor. bras., Colombo, v. 38, e201801581, p. 1-5, 2018”.
As condições para a Educação Física em escolas técnicas estaduais paulistas: um estudo sobre os recursos e a infraestrutura escolar
Authors: Hernandes Neto Pedro , Constantino Paulo Roberto Prado
Published: April 2019

Apresenta um breve estudo sobre a infraestrutura escolar e os recursos para as aulas de Educação Física no ensino médio e integrado, em um grupo de 19 escolas técnicas estaduais [Etec] do interior paulista. A pesquisa de campo, de caráter exploratório, procura mapear a infraestrutura disponível para o desenvolvimento dos temas previstos na proposta curricular destas unidades escolares, propondo um módulo de recursos essenciais que deveriam estar disponíveis em todo o Estado de São Paulo.
O movimento na luta pela vida: sistema de organização e treinamento dos gladiadores
Authors: Del Vecchio Fabricio Boscolo , Dias Bruno Da Costa , Tuchtenhagen Aline Xavier
Published: April 2019

Introdução e Objetivo: Apresentar a origem dos gladiadores, seus sistemas de treinamento e vida cotidiana. Procedimentos metodológicos: Realizou-se revisão narrativa, a partir de recuperação de fatos históricos contidos em fontes iconográficas, eletrônicas e bibliográficas. Discussão: Acredita-se que a origem dos jogos de gladiadores seja etrusca, inicialmente realizados como parte de ritos funerais. Após inserido na famiglia gladiatoria, os gladiadores seguiam as leis das escolas de formação (ludus). Gladiadores que haviam combatido durante muito tempo, e sobreviveram a todos os combates, recebiam uma espada de madeira como símbolo de sua aposentadoria, denominada rudis. Conclusão: Por um período de quase 600 anos, a arena foi um dos entretenimentos mais populares do mundo romano. Combates de gladiadores eram um elemento do paganismo que governou Roma até a conversão do imperador Constantino ao cristianismo no século IV, e ocupam um lugar central na percepção popular moderna de comportamento romano.
Inter-model comparison of global hydroxyl radical (OH) distributions and their impact on atmospheric methane over the 2000–2016 period
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Lin Xin , Hegglin Michaela I. , Canadell Josep G. , Jackson Robert B. , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Szopa Sophie , Stavert Ann R. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Archibald Alex T. , Bekki Slimane , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Josse Béatrice , Kinnison Douglas , Kirner Ole , Marécal Virginie , O'Connor Fiona M. , Plummer David A. , Revell Laura E. , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Strode Sarah , Tilmes Simone , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Zheng Bo
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The modeling study presented here aims to estimate how uncertainties in global hydroxyl radical (OH) distributions, variability, and trends may contribute to resolve discrepancies between simulated and observed methane (CH4) changes since 2000. A multi-model ensemble of 14 OH fields were analysed and were aggregated into 64 scenarios to force the offline atmospheric chemistry transport model LMDz with a standard CH4 emission scenario over the period 2000–2016. The multi-model simulated global volume-weighted tropospheric mean OH concentration ([OH]) averaged over 2000–2010 ranges between 8.7 × 105 and 12.8 × 105 molec cm−3. The inter-model differences in tropospheric OH burden and vertical distributions are mainly determined by the differences in the nitrogen oxide (NO) distributions, while the spatial discrepancies between OH fields are mostly due to differences in natural emissions and VOC chemistry. From 2000 to 2010, most simulated OH fields show an increase of 0.1–0.3 × 105 molec cm−3 in the tropospheric mean [OH], with year-to-year variations much smaller than during the historical period 1960–2000. Once ingested into the LMDz model, these OH changes translated into a 5 to 15 ppbv reduction in CH4 mixing ratio in 2010, which represent 7 %–20 % of the model simulated CH4 increase due to surface emissions. Between 2010 and 2016, the ensemble of simulations showed that OH changes could lead to a CH4 mixing ratio uncertainty of > ±30 ppbv. Over the full 2000–2016 time period, using a common state-of-the-art but non-optimized emission scenario, the impact of [OH] changes tested here can explain up to 54 % of the gap between model simulations and observations. This result emphasizes the importance of better representing OH abundance and variations in CH4 forward simulations and emission optimizations performed by atmospheric inversions.
Effects of Sea Animal Colonization on the Coupling between Dynamics and
Activity of Soil Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhu Renbin , Zheng Yanling , Bao Tao , Hou Lijun
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The colonization of a large number of sea animal, including penguins and seals, plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle of the tundra ecosystem in coastal Antarctica. However, little is known about the effects of sea animal colonization on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) communities involved in nitrogen transformations. In this study, we chose active seal colony tundra soils (STS), penguin colony soils (PTS), adjacent penguin-lacking tundra soils (PLS), tundra marsh soils (MS), and background tundra soils (BS), to investigate the effects of sea animal colonization on the abundance, activity, and diversity of AOA and AOB in maritime Antarctica. Results indicated that AOB dominated over AOA in PTS, STS, and PLS; whereas AOB and AOA abundances were similar in MS and BS. Penguin or seal activities increases the abundance of soil AOB amoA genes, but reduced the abundance of AOA amoA genes, leading to very large ratios (1.5 × 102 to 3.2 × 104) of AOB to AOA amoA copy numbers. Ammonia oxidation rates were significantly higher (P = 0.02) in STS and PTS than in PLS, MS, and BS, and were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.001) with AOB amoA gene abundance suggesting that AOB are more important in the nitrification in animal colony soils. Sequence analysis for gene clones showed that AOA and AOB in tundra soils were from the Nitrosospira and Nitrososphaera lineages, respectively. Seal or penguin activities led to the predominant existence of AOA phylotypes related to Nitrososphaera cluster I and AOB phylotypes related to Nitrosospira clusters I and II, but very low relative abundances in AOA phylotypes related to cluster II, and AOB phylotypes related to cluster III and IV. The differences in AOB and AOA community structures were closely related to soil biogeochemical processes under the disturbance of penguin or seal activities: soil C:N alteration and sufficient input of NH4+–N and phosphorus from animal excrements. The results provide insights into the mechanisms how microbes drive nitrification in maritime Antarctica.
Methane oxidation potential of the arctic wetland soils of a taiga-tundra ecotone in northeastern Siberia
Authors: Murase Jun , Sugimoto Atsuko , Shingubara Ryo , Morozumi Tomoki , Takano Shinya , Maximov Trofim C.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Arctic wetlands are significant sources of atmospheric methane and the observed accelerated climate changes in the arctic could cause the change in methane dynamics, where methane oxidation would be the key process to control methane emission from wetlands. In this study we determined the potential methane oxidation rate of the wetland soils of a taiga-tundra transition zone in northeastern Siberia. Peat soil samples were collected in summer from depressions covered with tussocks of sedges and Sphagnum spp. and from mounds vegetated with moss and larch trees. A bottle incubation experiment demonstrated that the soil samples collected from depressions in the moss- and sedge-dominated zones exhibited active methane oxidation with no time lag. The potential methane oxidation rates at 15 °C ranged from 94 to 496 nmol h−1 g−1 dw. Methane oxidation was observed over the depths studied (0–40 cm) including the water-saturated anoxic layers. The maximum methane oxidation rate was recorded in the layer above the water-saturated layer: the surface (0–2 cm) layer in the sedge-dominated zone and in the middle (4–6 cm) layer in the moss-dominated zone. The methane oxidation rate was temperature-dependent, and the threshold temperature of methane oxidation was estimated to be −4 to −11 °C, which suggested methane oxidation at subzero temperatures. Soil samples collected from the frozen layer of Sphagnum peat also showed immediate methane consumption when incubated at 15 °C. The present results suggest that the methane oxidizing bacteria in the wetland soils keep their potential activities even under anoxic and frozen conditions and immediately utilize methane when the conditions become favorable. On the other hand, the inhibitor of methane oxidation did not affect the methane flux from the sedge and moss zones in situ, which indicated the minor role of plant-associated methane oxidation.
A new terrestrial biosphere model with coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1772)
Authors: Thum Tea , Caldararu Silvia , Engel Jan , Kern Melanie , Pallandt Marleen , Schnur Reiner , Yu Lin , Zaehle Sönke
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and strongly depend on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Many process-based models of the terrestrial biosphere have been gradually extended from considering carbon-water interactions to also including nitrogen, and later, phosphorus dynamics. This evolutionary model development has hindered full integration of these biogeochemical cycles and the feedbacks amongst them. Here we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which is formulated around a consistent representation of element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by nutrients, temperature, and water availability) processes; ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availabilities; iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. We present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that the framework is capable of consistently simulating ecosystem dynamics across a large gradient in climate and soil conditions, as well as across different plant functional types. To aid this understanding we provide an assessment of the model's sensitivity to its parameterisation and the associated uncertainty.
Simulating preferential soil water flow and tracer transport
using the Lagrangian Soil Water and Solute Transport Model
Authors: Sternagel Alexander , Loritz Ralf , Wilcke Wolfgang , Zehe Erwin
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We propose an alternative model to overcome these weaknesses of the Darcy-Richards approach and to simulate preferential soil water flow and tracer transport in macroporous soils. Our LAST-Model (Lagrangian Soil Water and Solute Transport) relies on a Lagrangian perspective on the movement of water particles carrying a solute mass through the soil matrix and macropores. We advance the model of Zehe and Jackisch (2016) by two main extensions: a) a new routine for solute transport within the soil matrix and b) the implementation of an additional 1-D preferential flow domain which simulates flow and transport in a population of macropores. Infiltration into the matrix and the macropores depends on their moisture state and subsequently macropores are gradually filled. Macropores and matrix interact through diffusive mixing of water and solutes between the two domains which depends on their water content and matric potential at the considered depths. The LAST-Model is then evaluated with sensitivity analyses and tested against tracer field experiments at three different sites. The results show the internal and physical validity of the model and the robustness of our solute transport and the linear mixing approach. Further, the model is able to simulate preferential flow through macropores and to depict well the observed 1-D solute mass profile of a tracer experiment with a high computational efficiency and short simulation times.
Understanding the Relative Importance of Vertical and Horizontal Flow
in Ice-Wedge Polygons
Authors: Wales Nathan A. , Gomez-Velez Jesus D. , Newman Brent D. , Wilson Cathy J. , Dafflon Baptiste , Kneafsey Timothy J. , Wullschleger Stan D.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ice-wedge polygons are common Arctic landforms. The future of these landforms in a warming climate depends on the bidirectional feedback between the rate of ice-wedge degradation and changes in hydrological characteristics. This work aims to better understand the relative roles of vertical and horizontal water fluxes in the subsurface of polygonal landscapes, providing new insights and data to test and calibrate hydrology models. Field-scale investigations were conducted at an intensively-instrumented location on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) near Utqiaġvik, AK, USA. Using a conservative tracer, we examined controls of microtopography and the frost table on subsurface flow and transport within a low-centered and a high-centered polygon. Bromide tracer was applied at both polygons in July 2015 and transport was monitored through two thaw seasons. Samplers arrays placed in polygon centers, rims, and troughs were used to monitor tracer concentrations. In both polygons, the tracer first infiltrated vertically until encountering the frost table, then was transported horizontally. Horizontal flow occurred in more locations and at higher velocities of fluxes in the low-centered polygon than in the high-centered polygon. Preferential flow, influenced by frost table topography, was significant between polygon centers and troughs. Estimates of horizontal hydraulic conductivity were within the range of previous estimates of vertical conductivity, highlighting the importance of horizontal flow in these systems. This work forms a basis for understanding complexity of flow in polygonal landscapes.
Un ejercicio de cartografía e infografía geopolítica
Authors: López Trigal Lorenzo
Published: April 2019

Bruno Tertrais y Delphine Papin (2018) Atlas de las fronteras. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 139 pp. ISBN: 978-94-376-3898-0.
World Christianity: An Agenda for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Olúpònà Jacob Kéhìndé
Published: April 2019

The following are some of the questions that this keynote address explores: What is world Christianity? How does it differ, if at all, from global Christianity? What are the sources for the study of world Christianity? What are the methodological and theoretical issues and challenges in the study of world Christianity? What is the correlation between world Christianity and transnationalism? How has the formation of world Christianity been impacted by precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial experiences? To what extent is the ascendency of populism in the Global North (e.g., Trumpism) a response/reaction to the decline of Christianity? How has world Christianity been impacted by the encounter with other faith traditions (e.g., Islam) or ideologies (e.g., communism and secularism)? How have power dynamics influenced the formation of world Christianity? What are some of the regional differences in world Christianity with respect to Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and elsewhere?
PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS E DESEMPENHO DE EQUINOS SUPLEMENTADOS COM COENZIMA Q10
Authors: Sanchez Paulo José , Feltre Kátia , Gonzaga Iaçanã Valente Ferreira , Lacerenza Milena Domingues , Pombo Gabriela Do Vale , Palagi Mayara Angela Faga , Costa Regina De Lima , De Moraes Filho Luiz Antonio Jorge , Pereira Yasmin De Sales , Gobesso Alexandre Augusto De Oliveira
Published: April 2019

O objetivo foi avaliar os padrões fisiológicos e metabólicos de equinos submetidos ao exercício aeróbio e suplementados com CoQ10. Foram utilizados dez equinos machos, castrados, da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, divididos em grupo controle (GC, sem suplementação) e grupo suplementado (GS). Os cavalos foram submetidos a um programa de exercício aeróbio por 90 dias. O GS recebeu 10 mL de um produto comercial contendo 8% de CoQ10. Todos os animais foram exercitados cinco dias por semana durante 60 minutos (30 minutos no sentido horário, inversão do sentido, 30 minutos no sentido anti-horário) nas velocidades 8, 12 e 15 km/h em exercitador circular mecânico. Foram avaliadas as frequências cardíacas (FC) basal, máxima, de repouso e média e as atividades das enzimas séricas creatina quinase (CK), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), lactato desidrogenase (LDH). As concentrações sanguíneas de glicose e lactato foram avaliadas de 0 a 15 minutos após o término do exercício. As avaliações foram realizadas nos dias D0 (início da suplementação e treinamento), D30, D60 e D90. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, considerando p < 0,05. Não foi observado efeito da suplementação nos parâmetros FC basal, máxima e de repouso. A análise estatística da FC média acusou menor valor em D30 e D60 para o GS. A suplementação com CoQ10 não influenciou na atividade das enzimas AST e LDH e na concentração sanguínea de glicose e lactato após o exercício. Porém, o GS apresentou menor atividade da enzima CK e, com o passar dos dias, foi observada maior atividade da enzima. Os resultados sugerem um efeito positivo da suplementação com CoQ10 na atividade da enzima CK e na FC média de equinos submetidos a exercício aeróbio, o qual pode tornar-se uma estratégia para o melhorar o desempenho atlético de cavalos em provas de resistência.
MORFOMETRIA INTESTINAL E QUALIDADE ÓSSEA DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS ALIMENTADAS POR UM PERÍODO PROLONGADO COM COPRODUTOS DO ÓLEO DE SOJA
Authors: Bavaresco Caroline , Nunes Ana Paula , Forgiarini Juliana , Alves Débora Aline , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Lopes Débora Cristina Nichelle , Roll Victor Fernando Büttow
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do uso prolongado de lecitina e óleo ácido de soja sobre a histologia duodenal e qualidade óssea de codornas japonesas na fase de postura. Foram utilizados 192 aves com 54 dias de idade as quais foram alimentadas durante 168 dias (metade da sua vida produtiva) com dietas contendo óleo degomado de soja (ODS) ou óleo acido de soja (OAS) associadas ou não com lecitina bruta de soja (LEC), totalizando 8 tratamentos descritos à seguir: T1 - dieta com 4% OAS; T2 - dieta com 4% OAS e 1% LEC; T3 – dieta com 8% OAS; T4 – dieta com 8% OAS e 1% LEC; T5 – dieta com 4% ODS; T6 - dieta com 4% ODS e 1% LEC; T7 - dieta com 8% ODS; T8 - dieta com 8% ODS e 1% LEC. Ao final do período experimental foram coletadas amostras do duodeno para morfometria de vilos e criptas, e as tíbias para as análises de força, rigidez, flexibilidade e cinzas totais. Foi verificado interação dupla significativa entre tipo de óleo e lecitina para profundidade de cripta (P=0,04). Codornas alimentadas com dietas contendo OAS na presença de LEC apresentaram significativamente menor profundidade de cripta em relação as aves alimentas apenas com OAS. No entanto, quando as aves foram alimentadas com ODS essas diferenças devido a presença de LEC não foram significativas. O nível mais alto de óleo (8%) na dieta e a lecitina (1%) reduziram o conteúdo total de cinzas nas tíbias (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a associação entre lecitina e o óleo ácido de soja foi positiva para a manutenção do tecido intestinal mas não afetou a qualidade óssea das aves.
De platformeconomie en het ondernemingsrecht: time for change?
Authors: Kemp B. , Renshof A.S.
Published: April 2019

De platformeconomie en het ondernemingsrecht: time for change?

In tegenstelling tot traditionele ondernemingen hebben platformondernemingen doorgaans minder werknemers en activa. Dit kan leiden tot een zekere schreefgroei bij het gebruik van ondernemingsrechtelijke ‘drempels’, zoals bij het structuurregime, artikel 2:107a BW en de vrijstellingen voor de jaarrekening. In deze column wordt ingegaan op de consequenties en houdbaarheid van deze drempels.
De mislukte unificatie van Unilever
Authors: Abma R.
Published: April 2019

De mislukte unificatie van Unilever

Dit artikel beschrijft de belangrijkste redenen van de mislukte eenwordingsoperatie van Unilever in 2018. Een gebrekkige communicatie over de voor- en nadelen van de verschillende alternatieven voor de herziening van de vennootschappelijke structuur, een gebrek aan voorafgaande consultatie van de belangrijkste aandeelhouders en een onderschatting van de Brexit-sentimenten hebben het Unilever-bestuur waarschijnlijk de das omgedaan.
Ontslag van de bestuurder van de stichting door de rechter
Authors: Dumoulin-Siemens A.M.
Published: April 2019

Ontslag van de bestuurder van de stichting door de rechter. Wie is de belanghebbende?

Wie wordt ontvankelijk verklaard in zijn verzoek tot ontslag van de stichtingsbestuurder? De auteur analyseert het nieuwste arrest van de Hoge Raad hierover. De conclusie luidt dat de Hoge Raad de bestendige jurisprudentie over de reikwijdte van het belanghebbendebegrip bevestigt en wellicht iets verruimt.