bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urethral Injury Treatment Challenge. Comparison of Surgical Treatments for Acquired or Iatrogenic Urethral Stenosis and Predictive Values for Failure of Each Surgical Method
Authors: Güler Yavuz
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Minimal invasive endo-urologic interventions and prostate surgeries performed through the urethral route are the most commonly used surgeries in the urology field at present. One of the unwanted complications weeks after some of these surgeries is urethral stenosis.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to review our treatment methods for patients with urethral stricture occurring after urologic interventions retrospectively to evaluate our success rates and data predicting recurrence and to determine the most feasible method.

Materials and methods: From 2008 to 2017, we evaluated retrospectively 234, 85, and 51 patients with urethral stenosis due to iatrogenic causes treated with direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU), anastomotic excision urethroplasty, and buccal graft urethro-plasty, respectively. Postoperative Qmax above 15 mL/s and >17 CH cystoscope easily passing the urethra was accepted as success for patients. Group variables were compared using ANOVA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables with predictive values. Predictive values significant in regression analysis (p<0.005) were evaluated with ROC analysis.

Results: Patients were followed up for mean 48 (16-56) months, 48 (23-60) months, and 50 (32-65) months after DVIU, anastomotic and graft urethroplasty, respectively, and success was obtained for 75 (32.1%), 71 (83.5%) and 42 patients (82.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found age, DM, BMI and stenosis length were independent predictive factors for DVIU success, while stenosis length was the independent predictive factor for excision anastomosis and buccal graft urethroplasty success. Cut-off values were determined as 56.5 years of age, 30.2 kg/m2 BMI and 1.85 mm stenosis length for DVIU patients, while 2.15 mm and 5.9 mm stenosis lengths,  respectively, were determined for excision anastomosis and buccal graft urethroplasty with ROC analysis.

Conclusions: DVIU is a failed method for urethral stenosis in the long term. In contrast, resection / anastomosis and graft urethro-plasty are very successful methods.
A new European species of Ceratophysella (Collembola, Hypogastruridae) revealed by morphological data and DNA barcodes
Authors: Skarżyński Dariusz , Smolis Adrian , Kováč Ľubomír , Porco David
Published: March 2021

A new species,Ceratophysella stachi, from Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, and Ukraine is described based on morphological data and DNA barcodes. It belongs to a small European group of species with type B chaetotaxy and strong tegumentary granulation with distinct fields of coarse granules:C. granulataStach, 1949,C. lawrencei(Gisin, 1963),C. neomeridionalis(Nosek & Červek, 1970),C. scotica(Carpenter & Evans, 1899), andC. silvaticaRusek, 1964. It differs from all of them in the chaetotaxy of lateral parts of thoracic terga II–III (setae m6present and one additional seta outside lateral sensillum m7present or absent) that is exceptional within the wholeC. armata-group. Notes on closely related speciesC. granulataare also given.
The Mechanical Effects of Suture Anchor Insertion Angle for Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Liporace Frank A , Bono Christopher M , Caruso Steven A , Weiner Bradley , Penny Keith , Feldman Andrew J , Grossman Mark G , Haher Thomas R
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Twelve matched pairs of humerii were instrumented with suture anchor at 90°, 75°, 45°, and 30° relative to the cortical border at the junction of the greater tuberosity and articular surface. Two fixtures were inserted into each specimen at different angles and loaded to failure. Suture anchors failed at an average of 171, 219, 169, and 192 N with 90°, 75°, 45°, and 30° insertion angles, respectively. No statistical difference was detected between groups (P=.08). Although previous authors have prescribed angles ^45° to improve pull-out strength, the current in vitro data does not support these recommendations.
Pomen negradbenih ukrepov za poplavno varnost // The importance of non-structural flood protection measures
Authors: Komac Blaž , Zorn Matija
Published: March 2021

Članek prinaša pregled glavnih tipov, temeljnih lastnosti in učinkov negradbenih protipoplavnih ukrepov. Ugotavljajmo, da uporaba negradbenih ukrepov izhaja iz geografskih raziskav in da so v zadnjih desetletjih vse pomembnejši tudi v drugih strokah, ki se ukvarjajo s poplavami. Izkazalo se je namreč, da samo gradbeni protipoplavni ukrepi ne zadoščajo več za tako kompleksno sodobno družbo, ki jo sicer zaznamujejo tehnizacija, individualizacija in informacijske tehnologije, po drugi strani pa pogrešamo poznavanje nevarnih naravnih procesov, kot so poplave. Negradbeni ukrepi obsegajo širok spekter dejavnosti, ki segajo vse od ukrepov upravljanja porečij in coniranja oziroma vzpostavitve evidenc poplavne ogroženosti, do monitoringa poplav in opozarjanja pred njimi ter ozaveščanja in nenazadnje tudi gospodarskih dejavnosti, kot je zavarovalništvo. Izziv ostaja, kako voditi in povezati negradbene ukrepe, da bi dolgoročno prispevali k poplavni varnosti – kot najbolj učinkovita se je izkazala kombinacija različnih vrst ukrepov, kjer nekateri vplivajo dolgoročno, drugi pa prispevajo kratkoročno.
 
The article provides an overview of the main types, basic properties and effects of non-structural flood protection measures. The authors note that the use of non-structural measures stems from geographical research and that they have become increasingly important in other flood-dealing disciplines in recent decades. It turned out that structural flood protection measures alone are no longer enough for a complex modern society, which is characterized by technicalization, individualization and information technology, but on the other hand we lack knowledge of natural hazards, such as floods. Non-structural measures cover a wide range of activities, ranging from river basin management and zoning measures or the establishment of flood risk records to flood monitoring and warning, as well as awareness-raising and, last but not least, economic activities such as insurance. The challenge remains how to manage and integrate non-structural measures to contribute to flood safety in the long term – a combination of different types of measures has proven to be most effective, with some having long-term effects and others contribute to short-term effects.
Effects of Class Imbalance Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Narwane Swati V. , Sawarkar Sudhir D.
Published: March 2021

Class imbalance is the major hurdle for machine learning-based systems. Data set is the backbone of machine learning and must be studied to handle the class imbalance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of class imbalance on the data sets. The proposed methodology determines the model accuracy for class distribution. To find possible solutions, the behaviour of an imbalanced data set was investigated. The study considers two case studies with data set divided balanced to unbalanced class distribution. Testing of the data set with trained and test data was carried out for standard machine learning algorithms. Model accuracy for class distribution was measured with the training data set. Further, the built model was tested with individual binary class. Results show that, for the improvement of the system performance, it is essential to work on class imbalance problems. The study concludes that the system produces biased results due to the majority class. In the future, the multiclass imbalance problem can be studied using advanced algorithms.
A Geographical Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ideological Drivers of Hate Crime in the United States
Authors: Medina Richard M. , Nicolosi Emily A. , Brewer Simon , Moore Erin
Published: March 2021

Criminal activities motivated by hate are the most extreme form of bias against people. While hating a class of people and organizing in hate groups to express feelings against those people are not illegal, hate crimes, violent and non-violent, are illegal. However, there remains much to be learned about geographic patterns of hate crimes and facilitating environments. This exploratory research examines hate crime occurrences aggregated to counties in the conterminous United States and attempts to explain resulting patterns using socioeconomic and ideological correlates with traditional and spatial statistics. Geographical patterns of hate crimes in the Unites States are found to be a complicated phenomenon.
Antecedence of Attitude Towards IoT Usage
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri
Published: March 2021

There has been immense advancement of internet technology. Its latest contribution is internet of things (IoT). It has increasing influence on our daily lives. As a result, it has opened a new field of advantages for providing the citizens new services. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive model of determinants influencing Indian users' attitudes as well as behavioral intention to use IoT. Based on a study of different literature as well as on a study of different theories of adoption, attempts have been made to develop a conceptional model along with prescription of some hypotheses. Those hypotheses subsequently have been tested by the help of different congenial tools after collecting data from 393 respondents through survey. After collection, those data have been analyzed by different relevant tools.
A Comprehensive Study on Architecture of Neural Networks and Its Prospects in Cognitive Computing
Authors: Priyadarshini Sushree Bibhuprada B.
Published: March 2021

This paper proffers an overview of neural network, coupled with early neural network architecture, learning methods, and applications. Basically, neural networks are simplified models of biological nervous systems and that's why they have drawn crucial attention of research community in the domain of artificial intelligence. Basically, such networks are highly interconnected networks possessing a huge number of processing elements known as neurons. Such networks learn by examples and exhibit the mapping capabilities, generalization, fault resilience conjointly with escalated rate of information processing. In the current paper, various types of learning methods employed in case of neural networks are discussed. Subsequently, the paper details the deep neural network (DNN), its key concepts, optimization strategies, activation functions used. Afterwards, logistic regression and conventional optimization approaches are described in the paper. Finally, various applications of neural networks in various domains are included in the paper before concluding it.
Neuroscience-Inspired Parameter Selection of Spiking Neuron Using Hodgkin Huxley Model
Authors: Holker Ruchi , Susan Seba
Published: March 2021

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are currently being researched to design an artificial brain to teach it how to think, perform, and learn like a human brain. This paper focuses on exploring optimal values of parameters of biological spiking neurons for the Hodgkin Huxley (HH) model. The HH model exhibits maximum number of neurocomputational properties as compared to other spiking models, as per previous research. This paper investigates the HH model parameters of Class 1, Class 2, phasic spiking, and integrator neurocomputational properties. For the simulation of spiking neurons, the NEURON simulator is used since it is easy to understand and code.
Building Moral Resiliency Through the Nurse Education and Support Team Initiative
Authors: DeGrazia Michele , Porter Courtney , Sheehan Anne , Whitamore Stephanie , White Deborah , Nuttall Penny Winter , Blanchard Tyler , Davis Norah , Steadman Jennifer , Hickey Patricia
Published: March 2021

Background

Findings from 3 nurse-led research studies conducted in a large pediatric institution resulted in a call to action to support intensive and progressive care nurses experiencing moral and ethical challenges.

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of and satisfaction with implementation of a Nurse Education and Support Team (NEST) coach role.

Methods

An interdisciplinary work group identified solutions for just-in-time support, including a new NEST coach role. This role was implemented in January 2017 to provide peer-to-peer support for nurses. The NEST coaches provide coverage 5 days per week in 4 intensive care units and 1 progressive care unit. Feasibility of the role was evaluated by assessing the number, type, length, and outcome of NEST coach consultations. Staff satisfaction was evaluated 6 months and 1.5 years after implementation.

Results

A total of 6262 NEST coach consultations occurred across the units from January 2017 through November 2019. At both evaluation periods, more than 85% of respondents indicated that they were satisfied with their interactions with the NEST coach and nearly 80% indicated that they would seek consultation again.

Conclusions

Pediatric intensive and progressive care nurses experience many challenges in their practice environments. The innovative NEST coach role enabled access to just-in-time support and guidance through morally and ethically challenging situations. As evidenced by the number of consultations and the positive staff response, intensive and progressive care nurses have embraced and integrated the NEST coach role into their culture and practice.
Statistical optimization of culture conditions for expression of recombinant humanized anti-EpCAM single-chain antibody using response surface methodology
Authors: Behravan Aidin , Hashemi Atieh
Published: March 2021

Background and purpose:

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), is one of the first cancer- associated markers discovered. Its overexpression in cancer stem cells, epithelial tumors, and circulating tumor cells makes this molecule interesting for targeted cancer therapy. So, in recent years scFv fragments have been developed for EpCAM targeting.

Experimental approach:

In this study, an scFv against EpCAM extracellular domain (EpEX) derived from 4D5MOC-B humanized mAb was expressed in Escherichia coli k12 strain, and in order to obtain the optimum culture conditions in chemically defined minimal medium, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. According to the RSM-CCD method, a total of 30 experiments were designed to investigate the effects of various parameters including isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, cell density before induction, post-induction time, and post-induction temperature on anti EpEX-scFv expression level.

Findings/Results:

At the optimum conditions (induction at cell density 0.8 with 0.8 mM IPTG for 24 h at 37 °C), the recombinant anti EpEX-scFv was produced at a titer of 197.33 μg/mL that was significantly consistent with the prediction of the model.

Conclusion and implication:

The optimized-culture conditions obtained here for efficient production of anti EpEX-scFv in shake flask cultivation on a chemically defined minimal medium could be applied to large- scale fermentation for the anti EpEX-scFv production.
Cytokine Profiles in Periodontitis and COVID-19
Authors: Hajizadeh Farhad , Houshmand Behzad , Ekhlasmandkermani Mehdi , Khazaei Saber , Kheiri Aida
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that causes an infectious disease named COVID-19. Respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure are the common outcomes of COVID-19 that may finally lead to death. During COVID-19, cytokine storm takes place that is known by the release of notable amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.

The Hypothesis:

Periodontal disease are a group of inflammatory diseases in which elevated levels of some cytokine such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are observed in patients’ serums. Due to the similarity of cytokine expressions in these two diseases, there might be a possible association between COVID-19 and periodontitis, especially the chronic type. Also, genotype polymorphisms of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α have been proposed to be in association with chronic periodontitis susceptibility.

Evaluation of the Hypothesis:

assessment of these polymorphisms may also play a significant role in detection of these diseases.
Enumerative gadget phenomena for (4, 1)-adinkras
Authors: Friend Isaac , Kostiuk Jordan , Zhang Yan X
Published: March 2021

Adinkras are combinatorial objects developed to study supersymmetry representations. Gates et al. introduced the
gadget
as a function of pairs of adinkras, obtaining some mysterious results for (

= 4, k = 1

) adinkras with computer-aided computation. Specifically, very few values of the gadget actually appear, suggesting a great deal of symmetry in these objects. In this paper, we compute gadgets symbolically and explain some of these observed phenomena with group theory and combinatorics. Guided by this work, we give some suggestions for generalizations of the gadget to other values of the

n

and

k

parameters.
On open scattering channels for a branched covering of the Euclidean plane
Authors: Hempel Rainer , Post Olaf
Published: March 2021

We study the interaction of two scattering channels for a simple geometric model consisting in a double covering of the plane with two branch points, equipped with the Euclidean metric. We show that the scattering channels are open in the sense of [11] and that this property is stable under suitable perturbations of the metric.
Пример расходимости жадного алгоритма относительно несимметричного словаря
Authors: Borodin Petr Anatolevich
Published: March 2021

Построен пример такого несимметричного словаря $D$ в гильбертовом пространстве $H$,
что линейные комбинации элементов $D$ с положительными коэффициентами плотны в $H$,
но жадный алгоритм относительно $D$, в котором на каждом шаге максимизируется
скалярное произведение с элементами $D$ (а не модуль этого скалярного
произведения), расходится для некоторого начального элемента.
Библиография: 5 названий.
Инвариантные подпространства целых функций
Authors: Krivosheev Aleksandr Sergeevich , Krivosheeva Olesya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

В работе изучаются подпространства функций,
аналитических в выпуклой области комплексной плоскости и
инвариантных относительно оператора дифференцирования.
Исследуется задача продолжения всех функций
из инвариантного подпространства до целых функций.
Получен простой геометрический критерий такого продолжения.
Получен также критерий представления функций
из инвариантного подпространства рядами экспоненциальных мономов.
Эти мономы являются собственными и присоединенными функциями
оператора дифференцирования в инвариантном подпространстве.
Библиография: 17 названий.
О множествах единственности кратных рядов Уолша
для сходимости по кубам
Authors: Lukomskii Sergei Feodorovich
Published: March 2021

Пусть $G^d$ - произведение двоичных групп Кантора $G$.
Обсуждается проблема единственности кратного ряда Уолша
на произведении двоичных групп в случае сходимости по кубам.
Доказывается, что если $x\in G^{d-1}$, то множество $G\times \{x\}$
будет множеством единственности $d$-кратного ряда Уолша
для сходимости по кубам.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Relaparotomy after Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Poudel Sandesh , Adhikari Shree Prasad , Rai Snigdha , Mishra Sangeeta , Tamrakar Renuka
Published: March 2021

Background: Relaparotomy after cesarean section is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality which can be prevented with proper precaution during the primary surgery. The objective of the study was to determine factors associated with relaparotomy after cesarean section. 

Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted by analyzing the records of 3 years from 1st July 2017 to 30th June 2020, among the women who underwent relaparotomy after cesarean section at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu.

Results: There were 21,270 cesarean sections among 64,475 deliveries with the mean incidence of 32.6%. A total of 22 patients underwent relaparotomy out of  which 18 had their primary surgery performed at our hospital i.e. 0.08% of the total caesarean section, and 4 cases were referred from peripheries. 60% of primary surgery were done by residents and the commonest indications of primary surgery were previous CS (36.3%) and obstructed labor (27.2%). Primary PPH was the major indication for laparotomy (31.8%) with mean interval from primary surgery of 4.7 hours followed by burst abdomen (22.7%) and secondary PPH (18.1%). Hysterectomy was the commonest operative intervention done during relaparotomy accounting for 45.4% followed by tension suture for burst abdomen (18%). There were 2 maternal death among them which were due to aspiration pneumonia following eclapmsia and DIC.

Conclusion: Relaparotomy has increased risk of adverse maternal outcome but still is a lifesaving intervention. Early recognition, timely intervention and multidisciplinary teamwork helps to decrease the complications associated with it.
Research Praxis from Design to Completion: A Review of Designing and Managing your Research Project - Core Knowledge for Social and Health Researchers
Authors: Kumar Ronald
Published: March 2021

Thomas and Hodges (2010) have written a very practical and indeed a valuable book on how to do research project design and management applicable to a wide readership. The book will be of particular importance to young researchers who are aspiring to hone the art of research and project management from design to completion. For the experienced, it's a book to read and reflect on. Discussing the critical elements involved in research, Thomas and Hodges use consultative-advising-coaching, empathy-towards-researchers and experienced-based approaches to reveal important core knowledge in research as a career whilst laying out the ground rules for effective research design and management. The practicality and utility of this book will benefit many researchers.
Understanding a Pakistani Science Teacher's Practice Through a Life History Study
Authors: Halai Nelofer
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the single case life history study was to understand a female science teacher's conceptions of the nature of science as explicit in her practice. While this paper highlights these understandings, an additional purpose is to give a detailed account of the process of creating a life history account through more than 13 in-depth interviews. It includes a discussion of what the author calls composite observations where the observations of the teacher and the researcher are presented as a single unified story. Also discussed are ethical issues specific to life history created due to the intimacy created by such a study that required the development of a great deal of trust and rapport.
Grounded Theory Methodology: Positivism, Hermeneutics, and Pragmatism
Authors: Age Lars-Johan
Published: March 2021

Glaserian grounded theory methodology, which has been widely adopted as a scientific methodology in recent decades, has been variously characterised as "hermeneutic" and "positivist." This commentary therefore takes a different approach to characterising grounded theory by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of: (a) the philosophical paradigms of positivism, hermeneutics, and pragmatism; and (b) the general philosophical questions of the aims of science and the issue of choosing a scientific methodology. The commentary then seeks to position grounded theory methodology in terms of these philosophical perspectives. The study concludes that grounded theory methodology contains elements of positivism, hermeneutics, and pragmatism. In coming to this conclusion, the study clarifies the degree to which these three perspectives are found within Glaserian grounded theory methodology.
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis: Reading Line-by-Line, but Analyzing by Meaningful Qualitative Units
Authors: Chenail Ronald
Published: March 2021

In the first of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail points out the challenges of determining units to analyze qualitatively when dealing with text. He acknowledges that although we may read a document word-by-word or line-by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our units of analysis.
Practical Wisdom: A Review of Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology and Counseling
Authors: Cotton Fatima
Published: March 2021

In Karen Strohm Kitchener and Sharon K. Anderson’s Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology and Counseling (2011) they use the term practical wisdom or prudence as a way to make right decisions in real life situation. The authors lay the foundation for conceptually dealing with ethical problems for psychologists, counselors, students, and trainees. The book is in two parts. In the first six chapters, the authors focus on the foundations of ethical reasoning. The next part focuses on the ethical issues psychologists and counselors are confronted with in their roles.
Member Checking: Can Benefits Be Gained Similar to Group Therapy?
Authors: Harper Melissa , Cole Patricia
Published: March 2021

Member checking continues to be an important quality control process in qualitative research as during the course of conducting a study, participants receive the opportunity to review their statements for accuracy and, in so doing; they may acquire a therapeutic benefit. The authors of this article suggest that this benefit is similar to some of the components of group therapy, especially in normalizing the phenomenon being experienced. Even if the participants never meet, they can feel a sense of relief that their feelings are validated and that they are not alone.
The Microclimatic Effect of Green Infrastructure (GI) in a Mediterranean City: the Case of the Urban Park of Ciutadella (Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: del Carmen Moreno-García María , Baena Ignacio
Published: March 2021

The use and promotion of green infrastructure (GI) is of great importance for improving urban climates and for helping cities to be more resilient and sustainable in the context of climate change. For this reason, the effect of urban parks on city climates is of great interest for research. In this study, temperature measurements were made during 14 nights in the winter and spring of 2015 in the largest park of the Mediterranean city of Barcelona, Spain: the Ciutadella Park. The analysis of the measurements made inside the park and in its adjacent urban environment has confirmed the existence of an urban cool island (UCI) with a maximum cooling intensity of 5.2°C (9.4°F) in winter, under anticyclonic situations preferably, and an average cooling intensity of 2.7°C (4.9°F). In the spring months, the urban cool island has an intensity under the average, with a maximum of 2.1°C (3.8°F).
Landscape Below Ground IV: Introduction to a Special Issue
Authors: Watson Gary
Published: March 2021

This special issue is dedicated to research presented at the 2018 Landscape Below Ground IV conference. We describe highlights from the ten original research articles included in this issue. With these articles, we aim to support the advancement of tree care practices and inform managers and policymakers to choose, site, plant, and care for healthier, longer-lived trees by focusing on their critical and vulnerable root systems and the soil that surrounds them.
Soil Compaction Affects the Growth and Establishment of Street Trees in Urban Australia
Authors: Moore Gregory M. , Fitzgerald Alicia , May Peter B.
Published: March 2021

Growing conditions for street tree roots are generally harsh with restricted space and soils compacted from streetscape infrastructure.Allocasuarina littoralis, Corymbia maculata, Cupressus sempervirensvar.stricta, Eucalyptus polyanthemos, Lophostemon confertus, Olea europaea, Quercus palustris, andWaterhousea floribundawere grown in compacted and uncompacted soils for 20 months in experimental blocks. The bulk density and penetrative resistance of the soils and height, canopy spread, trunk diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured regularly. Root and shoot biomass were determined after harvesting. Since the bulk density of compacted compared to uncompacted soil was root growth limiting, it was hypothesised that species would have reduced growth in compacted soils. However,C. maculataandE. polyanthemosgrew better,C. sempervirens, Q. palustris, andW. floribundagrew well, andA. littoralis, L. confertus, andO. europaeawere the worst performing in compacted soil.E. polyanthemos, L. confertus, andQ. palustrishad higher canopy:root ratios in compacted soil.Q. palustrishad greater mass below ground than above, which has implications for its use in confined sites. In a field study,C. maculata, E. polyanthemos, L. confertus, O. europaea, andQ. palustrisgrowing as street trees were surveyed to determine their rates of establishment and growth under urban conditions. In addition to the soil and tree parameters mentioned above, a Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) was undertaken.E. polyanthemoshad the largest trunk diameter, height and canopy spread, indicating its potential for rapid establishment in streets. It was the only species with a larger mean leaf area in compacted soil.E. polyanthemosandO. europaeawere the only species classed as healthy from chlorophyll fluorescence but there was no significant difference in fluorescence between compacted and uncompacted soils. VTA showed thatC. maculataandO. europaeaperformed best and thatE. polyanthemos, L. confertus, andQ. palustrishad reduced but acceptable growth in compacted soil. Soils ranged from non-saline to moderately saline and were slightly to strongly acidic. All soils were compacted to some degree and penetrative resistance was at root limiting levels. The results suggest that careful species selection and soil amelioration for species prone to the effects of compaction would facilitate street tree establishment.
Impact of Planting Depth onFraxinus pennsylvanica‘Patmore’ Growth, Stability, and Root System Morphology
Authors: Miesbauer Jason W. , Koeser Andrew K. , Kling Gary , Hasing Gitta , Lo Marvin
Published: March 2021

Trees are often deeply planted as a result of nursery and landscape practices. While past research has investigated the impact of deep planting on tree growth and survival, its impact on whole-tree stability is not well documented. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica‘Patmore’) trees were planted at three different depths in research plots and established for nine years. In assessing aboveground growth, planting depth had no effect on stem diameter growth (measured as dbh) (P= 0.421;n= 32) or tree height (P= 0.501;n= 32). Static pull tests were conducted to evaluate the consequences of deep planting on tree stability. Using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry-derived computer models to assess root architecture, we found the most significant factors affecting tree stability were: 1) root volumes in the top 10 cm of the soil in a 90° wedge on the side opposite of the pull direction; 2) root volumes 40.1 to 50 cm deep in a 90° wedge on the side opposite of the pull direction; and 3) root volumes deeper than 60.1 cm deep in a 90° wedge on the side opposite of the pull direction (final model:P< 0.001;n= 30; adjustedR2= 0.852). The importance of structural root morphology throughout the soil profile and implications for urban root-soil relations on tree stability are discussed.
Occupational Therapy: Essential to Critical Care Rehabilitation
Authors: Margetis John L. , Wilcox Jamie , Thompson Chelsea , Mannion Nicole
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reshaped the health care landscape, leading to the reassignment of essential health care workers to critical areas and widespread furloughs of providers deemed nonessential, including occupational therapy practitioners. Although multidisciplinary critical care teams often include occupational therapy practitioners, efforts to define, measure, and disseminate occupational therapy’s unique contributions to critical care outcomes have been overlooked. This editorial provides recommendations to improve the occupational therapy profession’s readiness to meet society’s current and future pandemic needs. We propose a three-pronged strategy to strengthen occupational therapy clinical practice, education, and advocacy to illuminate the distinct value of occupational therapy in critical care.
Collective Immersion by Affections
Authors: Trenter Cecilia , Ludvigsson David , Stolare Martin
Published: March 2021

This article explores, through group-interviews and in terms of peer-culture, the ways in which pupils negotiate experiences from school-excursions to three heritage sites, Vadstena Castle, a former Royal Castle connected to the royal dynasty of Vasa; Witches’ forest, the place for interrogation by torture and executions of nine women, accused of witchcraft in 1617, and Linköping Cathedral Ages at the visitor programs “Middle Ages in the Cathedral”. The article, which is part of a larger project on learning processes and historical sites, investigates how pupils collectively load the heritage site with values reflected in immersion by affections, and what significance immersion of affections can have on the pupils’ process of stock of knowledge. The following research questions are asked: What kind of affections are evoked? Which situations and circumstances during the visit at the heritage site, mould impressions and immersion in the collective recalling?

By drawing on affection, peer culture and critical heritage studies’ verb “heritaging”, we have studied how the pupils collectively load the heritage sites with values reflected in immersion by affections, and what significance immersion of affections have on the pupils’ process of historical understanding. To understand how the heritage site in terms of a material and physical place loaded with narratives of the past affects the children, the analysis aimed to explore under what circumstances the immersion took place.

The article localize three situations that led to surprise and thereby friction between the expected (the stock of knowledge) and what was experienced at the site (the immediate experience), namely conflicts caused by expectations and experiences at the site, conflict caused by replicas in relation to originals, and finally conflict between lived experiences and insights at the site.
Prevalence of Coaching and Approaches to Supporting Coaching in Education
Authors: Van Ostrand Kasey , Seylar John , Luke Christina
Published: March 2021

Digital Promise and Learning Forward partnered to design a national survey exploring the prevalence of and existing support for instructional coaching across the U.S. This report discusses the findings of the survey and offers recommendations for improvement.
TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN STUDY KASUS TARI ANGGUK PUTRI SRIPANGLARAS
Authors: Mursih Risah
Published: March 2021

Tari Angguk Sripanglaras dari Kabupaten Kulonprogo merupakan transformasi Angguk putra yang awalnya berfungsi sebagai bagian dari ritual agama, kini berfungsi menjadi hiburan. Perubahan fungsi Angguk sebagai hiburan ditandai dengan perubahan pada pelaku pertunjukan dan bentuk pertunjukan. Dengan ditarikan oleh penari perempuan, Angguk Putri Sripanglaras menjadi sebuah pertunjukan yang populer dan diminati oleh penonton yang didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipilih adalah pendekatan gender. Dari perubahan bentuk pertunjukan, daya tarik Angguk Sripanglaras sangat kuat pada tubuh penari, yaitu tubuh perempuan. Pencitraan secara kultural ditunjukkan melalui tubuh perempuan. Dari pendekatan di atas diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Angguk berfokus pada tubuh perempuan yang berkaitan langsung dengan inderawi. Penampilan utuh hasil paduan wajah cantik dengan ekspresi penuh senyum, lirikan mata, dengan balutan busana celana pendek ketat (hot-pants) ditambah gerak-gerak kekirig, goyang ngebor, megol, maka lengkaplah sudah bahwa perempuanlah yang membuat ketertarikan para penonton dalam sajian Angguk putri Sripanglaras.Angguk Sripanglaras dance from Kulonprogo is an angguk putra transformation which initially functions as part of religious rituals, now serves as entertainment. Angguk function is changed as entertainment are marked by changes in the performer and the form of the show. By being danced by female dancers, Angguk Putri Sripanglaras became a popular and dominated by male audience. The research approach chosen was a gender approach. From changes in the form of performances, the attraction of Angguk Sripanglaras is very strong on the dancer's body, namely the female body. Cultural imaging is shown through the female body. From the above approach, it can be concluded that Angguk focuses on the female body which is directly related to the senses. The full appearance of the combination of a beautiful face with an expression full of smiles, eye glances, wrapped in tight shorts (hot-pants) plus kekirig movements, ngebor dance, megol, then it's complete that women are the ones who attract the audience in Angguk Putri Sripanglaras.
EKSPLORASI VISUAL BERCAK PADA PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI GRAFIS CETAK TINGGI RELIEF PRINT
Authors: Abdulah Akbar
Published: March 2021

Proses produksi dan konsumsi karya seni grafis dipengaruhi oleh fenomena sekarang. Mayoritas menampilkan sebuah karya menyangkut objek realitas yang di kemas atau dirancang bentuknya berdasarkan kaidah seni grafis. Hal tersebut tampaknya tidak dapat diganggu gugat dan telah mendominasi dilingkungan para pengrafis. Sebuah proses kreatif mewujudakan karya bersifat komunikatif antara karya dan apresiator merupakan langkah awal dalam menawarkan paradigma baru didunia seni grafis terutama cetak tinggi. Visual bercak merupakan idiom untuk menstimulus apresiator agar memproduksi objek-objek imajinatif berdarakan arah pijkannya. Eksplorasi yang dilakukan dalam penciptaan ini adalah proses berkarya untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman estetis bagaimana menciptakan bercak dengan wujud berbeda sehingga menghasilkan beragam respon pada sebuah karya. Teknik reduksi dan monoprint digunakan untuk memperoleh wujud bercak yang berbeda agar peluang visual bercak beragam tidak monoton.The process of production and consumption of graphic artwork is influenced by the present phenomenon. The majority display a work of reality-packaged or designed-shaped objects based on graphic art conventions. It is apparently inviolable and has dominated the dismay of the admirers. A creative process of creating a communicative work between work and an apresiator is the first step in offering a new paradigm in the world of graphic art especially high print. Visual spotting is an idioms for the stimulus of the apresiator in order to produce imaginative objects in the direction of the massage. The exploration done in this maker is the process of working to acquire an aesthetic knowledge and experience of how to create spotting with different forms resulting in a variety of responses to a work. Reduction techniques and monoprint are used to achieve different forms of spotting in order to vary the visual opportunities not monotonous.
PERILAKU PENGUNJUNG DALAM MENULIS BUKU TAMU PAMERAN
Authors: Purba Ripase Nostanta Br.
Published: March 2021

Pameran adalah sarana untuk menunjukkan hasil karya seni untuk diperlihatkan kepada orang lain. Pameran bisa berupa karya seni seperti lukisan, foto, patung maupun barang antik. Dalam memulai suatu pameran banyak persiapan yang harus dilakukan salah satunya adalah buku tamu. Buku tamu biasanya berada di meja tamu dekat pintu ruang pameran atau tergantung akses masuk lokasi pameran sendiri. Buku pameran sendiri terdiri dari beberapa format tulisan yang umum seperti, nomor, nama, alamat, nomor handphone, alamat e-mail dan tanda tangan. Namun pengunjung sering tidak menulis apa yang seharusnya ditulis pada buku tersebut, bahkan ada yang hanya menulis nama saja dan tidak mengisi kolom lainnya, ada beberapa kolom yang dikosongkan pada bagian tertentu. Karena hal tersebut penulis merasa perlu untuk mengamati perilaku seseorang dalam menulis buku tamu pada pameran, apakah ada tujuan seseorang tersebut menulis nama atau alamat dengan tidak sesuai dengan yang seharusnya, apakah faktor seseorang tersebut menulis hal seperti itu, perilaku yang bagaimana yang ditunjukkan pengunjung pada tulisannya dibuku tamu. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pengamatan, dengan pemilihan data hanya pada pembukaan pameran dengan durasi 40 sampai 2 jam.Exhibition is a means to show the work of art to be shown to others. The exhibition can be in the form of works of art such as paintings, photographs, sculptures and antiques. In starting an exhibition, many preparations must be made, one of which is a guest book. Guest books are usually located on the guest table near the door of the exhibition hall or depending on access to the exhibition location itself. The exhibition book itself consists of several common writing formats such as, number, name, address, mobile number, e-mail address and signature. But visitors often do not write what should be written in the book, some even just write the name and do not fill in other columns, there are some columns that are left blank in certain sections. Because of this I feel the need to observe someone's behavior in writing a guest book at an exhibition, is there a person's purpose to write a name or address that is not what they should be? what is the factor for someone to write such a thing? what behavior does the visitor show in his guest book? the method used is observation, with data selection only at the opening of the exhibition with a duration of 40 to 2 hours.
Laboratory validation of a compact single-scattering albedo (SSA) monitor
Authors: Perim de Faria Julia , Bundke Ulrich , Freedman Andrew , Onasch Timothy B. , Petzold Andreas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. An evaluation of the performance and relative accuracy of
a Cavity Attenuated Phase-Shift Single Scattering Albedo Monitor (CAPS
PMSSA; Aerodyne Research, Inc.) was conducted in an optical-closure study with proven technologies: Cavity Attenuated Phase-Shift Particle Extinction Monitor (CAPS PMex; Aerodyne Research, Inc.), three-wavelength integrating nephelometer (TSI Model 3563) and three-wavelength filter-based Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP; Radiance Research Inc.). The evaluation was conducted by connecting the instruments to a controlled aerosol generation system and comparing the measured scattering, extinction and absorption coefficients measured by the CAPS PMSSA with the independent measurements. Three different particle types were used to generate aerosol samples with single-scattering albedos (SSAs) ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 at 630 nm wavelength. The CAPS PMSSA measurements compared well with the
proven technologies. Extinction measurement comparisons exhibited a slope of the linear regression line for the full dataset between 1.05 and 1.01, an intercept below ±1.5×10-6 m−1 (±1.5 Mm−1), and a regression coefficient R2>0.99, whereas scattering measurements had a slope between 0.90 and 1.04, an intercept of less than ±2.0×10-6 m−1 (2.0 Mm−1), and a coefficient R2>0.96. The derived CAPS PMSSA absorption compared
well to the PSAP measurements for the small particle sizes and modest (0.4
to 0.6) SSA values tested, with a linear regression slope between 0.90 and
1.07, an intercept of ±3.0×10-6 m−1 (3.0 Mm−1), and a coefficient R2>0.99. For the SSA measurements, agreement was highest (regression slopes within 1 %) for SSA =1.0 particles at extinction levels of per tens of inverse megameters and above; however, as extinctions approach 0, small uncertainties in the baseline can introduce larger errors. SSA measurements for absorbing particles exhibited absolute differences up to 18 %, though it is not clear which measurement
had the best relative accuracy. For a given particle type, the CAPS
PMSSA instrument exhibited the lowest scatter around the average. This
study demonstrates that the CAPS PMSSA is a robust and reliable
instrument for the direct measurement of the scattering and extinction
coefficients and thus SSA. This conclusion also holds for the
indirect measurement of the absorption coefficient with the constraint that
the relative accuracy of this particular determination degrades as the SSA
and particle size increases.
Retrieval of aerosol fine-mode fraction over China from satellite multiangle polarized observations: validation and comparison
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Zhengqiang , Liu Zhihong , Wang Yongqian , Qie Lili , Xie Yisong , Hou Weizhen , Leng Lu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The aerosol fine-mode fraction (FMF) is an important
optical parameter of aerosols, and the FMF is difficult to accurately
retrieve by traditional satellite remote sensing methods. In this study, FMF
retrieval was carried out based on the multiangle polarization data of
Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled
with Observations from Lidar (PARASOL), which overcame the shortcomings of
the FMF retrieval algorithm in our previous research. In this research, FMF
retrieval was carried out in China and compared with the AErosol RObotic
NETwork (AERONET) ground-based observation results, Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) FMF products, and Generalized Retrieval of
Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) FMF results. In addition, the FMF
retrieval algorithm was applied, a new FMF dataset was produced, and the
annual and quarterly average FMF results from 2006 to 2013 were obtained
for all of China. The research results show that the FMF retrieval results
of this study are comparable with the AERONET ground-based observation
results in China and the correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error
(MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and the proportion of results that
fall within the expected error (Within EE) are 0.770, 0.143, 0.170, and
65.01 %, respectively. Compared with the MODIS FMF products, the FMF
results of this study are closer to the AERONET ground-based observations.
Compared with the FMF results of GRASP, the FMF results of this study are
closer to the spatial variation in the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 near
the ground.