bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Four-Axis 3D Printer with Fused Deposition Modeling Technology
Authors: Kawagishi Kyosuke ,   Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Umetani Shoma , Tanaka Ken , Ametani Eiji , Morimoto Yoshitaka , Takasugi Keigo ,   Tohshin Seiki Co., Ltd.,   Kanazawa Institute of Technology,   UHT Corporation,   Kanazawa University
Published: March 2017

A new four-axis 3D printer using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) technology has been developed. The hardware components, consisting of a mechanical structure and servo-control system, and an original computer-aided machining (CAM) system were developed. Three-dimensional printers, particularly those using FDM technology, have gained popularity even in hobby use for the easy modeling of special and original parts. Three-axis control systems using stepping motors or servomotors are generally used for the development of conventional 3D printers. The nozzle portion is therefore constrained in one direction. This leads to limitations in modeling 3D shapes. Adding degrees of freedom is necessary to create more complex features. We designed a new 3D printer with multi-axis control to address this problem. Our final goal is the development of a five-axis 3D printer. We started with a four-Axis 3D printer as a first step. The number of lamination directions is increased from three to four. As conventional CAM systems cannot be used to program the desired lamination for a four-axis 3D printer, a new CAM system using the Kodatuno kernel was developed. The system can determine the nozzle orientation based on the machine tool formulation. This paper reports the developmental background and an overview of the developed machine tool as well as its characteristics, its evaluation results, and our future plans.
Development of Performance Simulation Model by Making Indices of Supply Chain Capabilities
Authors: Ueno Yoshinobu ,   Graduate School of Innovation Management, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Zhang Jing , Aoyama Kazuhiro ,   School of Mathematics, Physics and Information Science, Zhejiang Ocean University,   Department of Systems Innovation, The University of Tokyo
Published: March 2017

A supply chain (SC) is an organization in which multiple companies cooperate in supply functions, e.g., moving information or materials. Previous studies of SC designing and planning are categorized by their planning time periods into three categories, e.g., strategic, tactical, and operational. Top-down design of an SC, where design decisions are made in the sequence of strategic, tactical, and operational, is rational because of preventing rework of design work. But as few models supports strategic decision making quantitatively, top-down design of an SC has not been realized. In the present study, a method of quantitatively expressing SC’s capabilities of flowing information and materials and simulating its performance is developed. The method is then implemented with a system dynamic model to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the effectiveness of the model.
Team Approach: The Treatment of Metastatic Tumors of the Femoral Diaphysis
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael B. , Saha Debasmita , Clement Jessica M. , Dowsett Robert J. , Pacheco Rafael A. , Balach Tessa
Published: March 2017

➢ The differential diagnosis of an aggressive bone lesion includes metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and primary sarcoma of bone. Evaluation includes radiographs of the entire bone; laboratory tests; computed tomography (CT) scanning of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; bone scintigraphy; and biopsy.

➢ Except in rare circumstances, the treatment of skeletal metastasis is palliative and the goals of care center around pain relief and the maintenance of function.

➢ Nonoperative interventions include chemotherapy, bone-modulating agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, radiation therapy, and ablation with cementoplasty.

➢ When prophylactic operative stabilization is indicated to prevent pathological fracture, a cephalomedullary nail is preferred for femoral diaphyseal lesions. Postoperative external-beam radiation is indicated for local disease control.

➢ High-quality treatment of these patients relies on the close coordination of multiple different specialists.
Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb
Authors: Pulos Nicholas , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: March 2017

➢ Ulnar collateral ligament injuries are best classified according to chronicity of injury and grade of tear, with partial tears and nondisplaced tears being amenable to nonoperative treatment.

➢ In general, acute injuries may be primarily repaired with suture-anchor fixation, most often to the insertion of the ligament on the proximal phalanx, which allows for early joint range of motion.

➢ Symptomatic chronic injuries may be managed surgically with primary repair, reconstruction, or arthrodesis.
Nitrogen Fertilization Had No Effect on CH4 and N2O Emissions in Rice Planted in Rewetted Peatlands
Authors: Morris Jennifer , Ye Rongzhong , Silva Lucas C. R. , Horwath William R.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Peat soil N2O emissions did not respond to N fertilization.

N fertilization had no effect on plant contribution to dissolved organic C or CH4 pools.

Plant C contributed to up to 27% of soil CH4 emissions.

Soil C was the dominant source of dissolved organic C and emitted CH4.

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were monitored in rewetted peatlands planted to rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California. The effect of N fertilization was examined with a rate trial (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha–1). Static chambers and 13C‐CO2 pulse labeling at reproductive growth and grain‐filling stages when maximum CH4 emission is anticipated were used to quantify the contribution of rice plants to soil C pools. Soil CH4 and N2O emissions were not affected by N fertilization and ranged from 66 to 123 kg CH4 ha–1 and 1.2 to 3.7 kg N2O ha–1, respectively. There was no stimulating effect of N fertilization on vegetative production, root biomass, or grain yield, indicating the existence of a large N pool in the rewetted peat soils. Nitrogen fertilization increased the contribution of rice C inputs to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool at the highest rate, but not to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pore water CH4 (CH4‐pore), or emitted CH4. Across treatments, plant‐derived C contributed up to 27% of emitted CH4, up to 9.1% of the DOC, and 13 to 78% of DIC. Negative N2O emissions were frequently observed during the growing season with a maximal consumption of –0.51 mg N2O m–2 d–1, which was not affected by N fertilization. These results demonstrate that N fertilization at rates up to 160 kg N ha–1 in rewetted degraded peat soils does not affect annual CH4 and N2O emissions.
“Gunshot injury to the pelvis”. The bullet voided through the urethra
Authors: Etabbal A , EL Shaikhy A
Published: March 2017

Gunshot injuries (GSIs) are considered an emergency as life threatening. The gunshots injuries in the urinary tract are uncommon. The high-velocity of bullet can cause both a penetrating injury to the target organs as well as a blast injury to nearby structures, in addition to thermal injuries. In most cases, laparotomy is required to remove the bullet and to repair the injuries. The phenomenon of spontaneous migration of retained bullet to different parts of the body has been described in medical literature. Here, we present a patient who sustained penetrating GSI to the pelvis, without organ injuries, including the bladder. The bullet initially was retained within peri-vesical fat and the bladder wall while the mucosa remained intact, then it migrated into the bladder and came out through the urethra during voiding on the sixth day of the injury.
A Journey Through Water: A Scientific Exploration of The Most Anomalous Liquid on Earth
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

A Journey Through Water: A Scientific Exploration of The Most Anomalous Liquid on Earth, is a monograph about water at molecular level. The monograph explores how its peculiar properties are related to its molecular structure. Readers are introduced to water through information about water in a wider perspective, properties of its liquid state, experimental techniques for molecular level investigations of liquid water, and computer simulation techniques. This is followed by chapters explaining the structural properties and principal applications of various phases of water (water as a normal liquid, supercooled water, ice and supercritical water). Key features of this reference include:

- easy to understand, sequential and structured text making this reference ideal for readers with limited scientific knowledge of water physics

- a list of institutions where water research is promoted in larger scales

- 130 figures which supplement the text

- an explanation of ten principal anomalies of water and associated theories

The book is an excellent resource for novice researchers (physicists, chemists and chemical engineers) working on water and laymen who are interested in furthering their understanding of this precious liquid.
Cytotoxic effect of naphthalene on root meristem of Allium cepa L.
Authors: Sarma* Bhaskar , Kapil Dipika , Tanti Bhaben
Published: March 2017

The cytotoxic effect of naphthalene was assessed in the root meristem of Allium cepa L. - a model plant for chromosomal study. The newly emerging roots were treated with 10%, 30%, 50%, 75% and 100% naphthalene solution (v/v). Each treatment was kept for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours respectively to study their cytotoxic effect. Naphthalene exerted depressive effects on mitosis, including reduced mitotic indices and accumulation of abnormal mitotic phases. The mitotic index showed decreasing tendency with parallel increase in naphthalene concentrations. Sticky metaphase, C- metaphase, diagonal metaphase, nuclear disintegration were found to be in higher frequency in all treatments. Both duration and concentration of the treatment influenced the cell division.
A study on aerobic bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from pus samples in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thangavel Sundararajan , Maniyan* Gomathi , S. Vijaya , C. Venkateswaran
Published: March 2017

Pyogenic infections are characterised by local and systemic inflammation usually with pus formation which may be either endogenous or exogenous and polymicrobial or monomicrobial (3). As definitive antimicrobial is based on the culture of the organisms and their susceptibility pattern, empirical treatment is a must in debilitated and deliberately ill patients (5). Hence this retrospective study is conducted to investigate the microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from pus samples in a tertiary care hospital. This retrospective study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2016 in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital. Pus samples received from various departments was subjected to bacteriological culture as per standard protocol. The isolates were then subjected to phenotyping and their antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines 2016. Among the total of 209 samples received, 63. 64% (133) showed positivity for microbial growth and 9. 02 % (12) were polymicrobial and 90. 98% (121) showed single growth. 80. 45 % (107) were males and 19. 55 % (26) were females. Gram positive cocci accounts for 39. 85 %( 53), Gram negative bacteria 63. 15 % (84), Diphtheroids 2. 26 % (3) and Candida 3. 01 %(4). Staphylococcus aureus 22. 56% (30) were the majority among them followed by Pseudomonas spp., 21.05% (28), Escherichia coli 14. 29%(19), Enterococci 12.78% (17), Klebsiella spp. 11.28% (15), Proteus spp., 10.53% (14), Acinetobacter spp., 6.02% (8), Streptococci 4.76% (5), Candida 3. 01 % (4) each. The antibiogram of S. aureus and Enterococci showed 100% susceptibility to Linezolid and Vancomycin. E. coli was most susceptible to Imipenem and Meropenem 94. 74% followed by Cefoperazone – Salbactum and Piperacillin and Tazobactum 89.43%. Pseudomonas showed 89.29% susceptibility to Meropenem followed by Imipenem 85.71%, Piperacillin – Tazobactum 85.71% and Amikacin 82.14%. Klebsiella showed 100% susceptibility to Imipenem followed by Piperacillin - tazobactum 73.33%. Proteus showed 100% susceptibility to Piperacillin – tazobactum and Imipenem, Meropenem 92. 86%. Acinetobacter showed higher susceptibility to Meropenem 50%. Our study concludes that empirical treatment should be initiated based upon the data obtained from the bacteriological profile and the antimicrobial surveillance in every institution. It is also insisted to perform periodic surveillance on the changing trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to combat the evolving the resistance in each institution.
Монокристаллы твердых растворов (FeIn-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-· (CuIn-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-8-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-: кристаллическая структура, спектры ядерного гамма-резонанса и тепловое расширение
Authors: Боднарь И.В. , Жафар М.А. , Касюк Ю.В. , Федотова Ю.А.
Published: March 2017

Направленной кристаллизацией расплава выращены монокристаллы соединений FeIn2S4, CuIn5S8 и твердых растворов (FeIn2S4)x·(CuIn5S8)1-x. Показано, что как исходные соединения FeIn2S4, CuIn5S8, так и твердые растворы на их основе кристаллизуются в структуре кубической шпинели. Установлено, что параметр элементарной ячейки a c параметром состава x изменяется линейно. Методом ядерной гамма-резонансной спектроскопии в просвечивающей геометрии изучены локальные состояния ионов железа в указанных твердых растворах. Дилатометрическим методом исследовано тепловое расширение, определены коэффициенты теплового расширения, проведен расчет температуры Дебая и среднеквадратичных динамических смещений для выращенных монокристаллов. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44195.8328
Формирование нанокристаллов кремния в многослойных нанопериодических структурах a-SiO-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-/диэлектрик по результатам синхротронных исследований
Authors: Турищев С.Ю. , Терехов В.А. , Коюда Д.А. , Ершов А.В. , Машин А.И. , Паринова Е.В. , Нестеров Д.Н. , Грачев Д.А. , Карабанова И.А. , Домашевская Э.П.
Published: March 2017

Изучен вопрос эффективности контролируемого формирования массивов кремниевых наночастиц на основе детальных исследований электронного строения многослойных нанопериодических структур a-SiOx/SiO2, a-SiOx/Al2O3 и a-SiOx/ZrO2. С применением синхротронного метода спектроскопии ближней тонкой структуры края рентгеновского поглощения обнаружена модификация исследованных структур под влиянием высокотемпературного отжига при максимальной температуре 1100oC, объясняемая образованием нанокристаллов кремния в слоях светоизлучающих многослойных структур. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44208.8374
Фазовая модуляция излучения среднего ИК диапазона в структурах с двойными квантовыми ямами в продольном электрическом поле
Authors: Балагула Р.М. , Винниченко М.Я. , Махов И.C. , Софронов А.Н. , Фирсов Д.А. , Воробьев Л.Е.
Published: March 2017

Проведены исследования модуляции поляризованного света структурами с двойными туннельно-связанными квантовыми ямами GaAs/AlGaAs в сильных продольных электрических полях. Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования спектра изменения показателя преломления структуры продольным электрическим полем в области межподзонного резонанса. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44211.8400
Линейно-циркулярный дихроизм в полупроводнике со сложной валентной зоной с учетом четырехфотонного поглощения света
Authors: Расулов Р.Я. , Расулов В.Р. , Эшболтаев И.М.
Published: March 2017

Теоретически исследован линейно-циркулярный дихроизм многофотонного поглощения света в полупроводниках со сложной валентной зоной. Рассчитаны матричные элементы оптических переходов, протекающих между подзонами валентной зоны полупроводника типа p-GaAs. При этом учтены переходы, связанные как с неодновременным поглощением отдельных фотонов, так и одновременным поглощением двух фотонов. Получено выражение для температурной зависимости коэффициента многофотонного поглощения поляризованного излучения, где учтены оптические переходы между подзонами тяжелых и легких дырок полупроводника. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44153.215
Транспортные и магнитные свойства композита Zn-=SUB=-0.1-=/SUB=-Cd-=SUB=-0.9-=/SUB=-GeAs-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-+10wt.%MnAs с магнитными кластерами при высоком давлении
Authors: Арсланов Р.К. , Арсланов Т.Р. , Залибеков У.З. , Федорченко И.В.
Published: March 2017

В композите Zn0.1Cd0.9GeAs2+10 wt.%MnAs с температурой Кюри Tc=310 K измерены температурные (T=77-420 K) зависимости удельного электросопротивления и намагниченности, магнитополевые (H≤5 kOe) и барические (P≤7 GPa) зависимости удельного электросопротивления, коэффициента Холла и намагниченности. При высоком гидростатическом давлении до 7 GPa наблюдался магниторезистивный эффект. На зависимости намагниченности от давления при температуре, близкой к комнатной, обнаружен переход из ферромагнитного состояния в парамагнитное состояние при P~3.2 GPa, который сопровождается фазовым переходом полупроводник--металл. Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (проект N 16-02-00210а) и Президиума РАН (проект 1.11 П "Теплофизика высоких плотностей энергии. Материя при высоких давлениях. Фундаментальные проблемы удержания и нагрева плазмы в магнитных ловушках"). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44155.322
Магнитные и резонансные свойства наночастиц ферригидрита, легированных кобальтом
Authors: Столяр С.В. , Ярославцев Р.Н. , Исхаков Р.С. , Баюков О.А. , Балаев Д.А. , Дубровский А.А. , Красиков А.А. , Ладыгина В.П. , Воротынов А.М. , Волочаев М.Н.
Published: March 2017

Методом гидролиза солей 3d-металлов получены порошки наночастиц ферригидрита и наночастиц ферригидрита, легированных кобальтом в соотношении 5 : 1. Методом мессбауэровской спектроскопии показано, что кобальт равномерно размещается по характерным кристаллохимическим позициям ионов железа. Определены температуры блокировки. Оценены размеры частиц, величины намагниченности, константы поверхностной и объемной анизотропии. Легирование кобальтом приводит к существенному увеличению константы анизотропии частицы и формирует поверхностную вращательную анизотропию с Ku=1.6·10-3 erg/cm2. Работа поддержана Специальной программой Министерства образования и науки РФ для Сибирского федерального университета, а также грантами РФФИ N 16-03-00969 и РФФИ-ККФН р-сибирь-а (проект N 15-42-04171). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44166.329
Об оценках смещения G-пика рамановского спектра эпитаксиального графена
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: March 2017

В модели двух связанных осцилляторов рассмотрено смещение частоты рамановского пика G эпитаксиального графена вследствие взаимодействия с подложкой, описываемого эффективной силовой константой связи k. Показано, что относительный сдвиг G-пика Deltaomega(G)/omega(G) propto k/k0g, где k0g --- силовая константа центрального взаимодействия однослойного графена. На основании предположения, что k propto P и k propto -T (где P и T --- давление и температура) и что именно изменение k является доминирующим, дано качественное объяснение экспериментальных зависимостей Deltaomega(G) от P и T. Кратко обсуждается влияние подложки на уширение G-пика эпитаксиального графена. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44178.209
Оптическая спектроскопия массивов биметаллических наночастиц Ag-Au, полученных методом вакуум-термического испарения
Authors: Громов Д.Г. , Мельников И.В. , Савицкий А.И. , Трифонов А.Ю. , Редичев Е.Н. , Астапенко В.А.
Published: March 2017

Исследована возможность создания неупорядоченных массивов биметаллических наночастиц Ag-Au, а также продемонстрирована возможность манипуляции их оптическими свойствами на основе простых технологических процессов --- термического распыления с последующим низкотемпературным отжигом. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44355.16460
Особенности воздействия слаботочного газового разряда на сильную ударную волну
Authors: Лапушкина Т.А. , Ерофеев А.В.
Published: March 2017

Исследуется процесс воздействия неравновесной плазменной среды, созданной слаботочным газовым разрядом, на ударную волну (число Маха M=6.8). Ударная волна формируется в ударной трубе круглого сечения, затем проходит через зону воздействия в рабочей камере, имеющей квадратное сечение. Газовый разряд зажигается в зоне воздействия до прихода ударной волны путем подачи напряжения на специальные штыревые электроды, вмонтированные в нижнюю и верхнюю стенки рабочей камеры. В эксперименте было обнаружено явление уширения ударной волны и увеличения скорости ее распространения при прохождении через область неравновесной газоразрядной плазмы. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44357.16509
Фото- и термоиндуцированные центры окраски в керамике TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Глазкова Н.И. , Кузнецов В.Н. , Михайлов Р.В.
Published: March 2017

С помощью камеры-криостата, разработанной для спектрофотометра, снабженного интегрирующей сферой, исследованы центры окраски (ЦО) в фотохромной керамике диоксида титана, индуцированные облучением в УФ- и видимой области спектра, выявлен канал образования и уничтожения ЦО при восстановительно-окислительной обработке и обнаружен эффект температурно-индуцированного роста поглощения центров. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44360.16343
Анализ пространственного разрешения эксперимента по проверке принципа эквивалентности для нейтрона дифракционным методом
Authors: Воронин В.В. , Бердников Я.А. , Бердников А.Я. , Брагинец Ю.П. , Кузнецов И.А. , Ласица М.В. , Семенихин С.Ю. , Федоров В.В.
Published: March 2017

Проведены исследования пространственного разрешения установки по проверке эквивалентности инертной и гравитационной масс нейтрона методом дифракции в совершенном кристалле. Исследования проводились при углах Брэгга (74-82)o. Обнаружено снижение пространственного разрешения при углах Брэгга >78o. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44365.16562
Синхронизация колебаний наногенератора внешним источником
Authors: Алешин К.Н. , Матросов В.В. , Мишагин К.Г.
Published: March 2017

Рассматривается динамика спинового наногенератора вида "точечный контакт" при воздействии на него спиновой волны, возбуждаемой внутри ферромагнитного слоя внешним источником. Показано, что колебания наногенератора могут быть синхронизированы внешним источником, в пространстве параметров выделены области захвата и удержания режима синхронизации. Представлены зависимости амплитуды спиновой волны от параметров внешнего воздействия. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.06.44398.16507
The Adat Contributions for the Villages to Develop Independently: Cases from the Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors: Laksono P.M.
Published: March 2017

Eventhough the district government has somehow acknowledged the failure of its own initiatives to empower its people, there must have been certain creativities or custom-related wisdom which seem to be able to independently respond to any development initiative. Precisely this article is trying to track creative moments when the customs and people writhing on the “bottom” of formal structures to contribute for a self modernization. Data from a short ethnographic study in the Kei Islands in mid 2016 shows the complicated moments of how indigenous communities survive while appropriating opportunities (friction) that is open due to failure of both the government and the market penetration to radically change the identity of indigenous local communities. Hence, modernization does not happen in a vacuum culture. Through their primordial taste, i.e. their identity, traditional leaders, businessmen and ordinary citizens creatively appropriating moments linkage to the world to declare local social differences.
Ethnolinguistic Study of Local Wisdom in Ex-Residency of Surakarta
Authors: Abdullah Wakit
Published: March 2017

This study discusses “the local wisdom summarized in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta”. The purposes of this study are to describe (1) the background of the local wisdom as summarize in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, (2) to elaborate further reasons and specific times the people in Ex-residency of Surakarta employ the Javanese proverbs that summarize the local wisdom, and (3) explain the cultural meanings resided in the Javanese proverbs. This study employed ethnographic methods framed by the ethnolinguistic study to find the cultural meanings. Data and the data sources are categorized into primary and secondary data; the data collection method is done through the observation-participation and in-depth interview techniques; data analysis employed the ethnoscience model which underwent 12-phases of advanced research stages (of taxonomic, componential and domain analyses) to find the cultural themes; validity of the data is attested with the triangulation techniques (the triangulation of data, methods, researcher, and theory). The results encompassed (1) background of the local wisdom summarized in the Javanese proverbs  expressed by the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta influenced by the cultural factors, the Javanese language, aesthetical, ethical, social, economical, political, and geographical factors; (2) the community in Ex-Surakarta expressed the Javanese proverb that summarizes local wisdom, the demands of fidelity to the culture is inevitable, media that facilitates the growth of the Javanese language, aesthetical and ethical motivations, social conditions, economical motivation, political media which show the geographical background; and (3) the cultural meaning of the Javanese proverbs which summarize the local wisdom of the community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, all of which are to show the courtesy, avoid direct confrontation, the proverbs also indicate levels of the beauty of the language use, nationalism, foster cooperation, develop the intellect.
FTIR PHYTOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING AND ANTIOXIDANT ANLYSES OF SELECTED INDOOR NON-FLOWERING INDOOR PLANTS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: Chunduri Jayaprada Rao , Shah Hetwi R.
Published: March 2017

Objective: phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity analyses of selected indoor plants and to evaluate commercial applications.Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of alcoholic and aquatic crude extracts of leaves of selected non-flowering indoor plants were assessed using standard protocols and later compared with FTIR analyses. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts were studiedResults: Phytochemical analysis of polar solvent extractions of the four selected plants Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Cordyline terminalis, Tradescantia zebrine and Rhoeo discolou. Indicated the presence of tannins in all four varieties terpenoids in 3, flavonols, phytosterols and phenols in two plants, followed by alkaloids. The phytochemical analyses were supported by FTIR reports. Quantitative studies indicated variations in flavonol, tannin and phenols concentrations among the four species. High concentrations of Total flavonols (P. tithymaloides) and Tannins (C. terminalis) were observed. C. terminalis extract showed comparatively highest reducing power followed by R. discolour and P. tithymaloides extracts. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing indicated P. tithymaloides showed a maximum zone of inhibition compared to R. discolor. C. terminalis plant leaf extract showed a faint zone of inhibition against E. fecalis while others couldnot. Intense colors of C. terminalis and T. zebrine plants could be used as a natural dye as well as pH indicator. Conclusion: The rich concentrations of the tannins from non-flowering indoor plants could be the future option of dyes and dyeing industry as natural colorants as well as pH indicators. These plants were rich sources of phytochemicals (phenols, flavonols, tannins, and phytosterols), with antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
ELECTROANALYSIS OF IBUPROFEN ON CONDUCTING POLYANILINE NANOFIBER COATED GLASSY CARBON SURFACE
Authors: Suresh E. , Sundaram K. , Kavitha B. , Kumar N. Senthil
Published: March 2017

Objective: Voltammetric procedure for analysis of pharmaceutical formulation of ibuprofen on conducting polyaniline nanofiber modified glassy carbon electrode was explored.Methods: The effect of pH was studied at different medium such as acidic, neutral and basic. The cyclic voltammetric behavior of ibuprofen was studied between−0.5 V and 1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl at modified glassy carbon surface.Results: The electroanalytical parameters of the detection are highly dependent on their configuration and dimensions of the electrode. The scan rate and concentration effect of ibuprofen were studied. The best limit of detection was 100 ppb and the linear range from 200 to 400 ppb on the modified electrode surface. The determination was successfully applied for the detection of drugs in several pharmaceutical drug formulations. The Atomic force microscopic (AFM) image shows the surface morphologies of polymer modified surface; compound adsorbed surface, particle distribution graphs and surface roughness values, which are in good agreement.Conclusion: The anodic peak was observed at 1.63 V, assigned for the oxidation of ibuprofen, which is not accompanied by corresponding cathodic reduction. This behavior suggested that the irreversibility of the electrode process.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME 1, 2-BENZISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Sasikumar Sarath , M. Haripriya , T. Anjali
Published: March 2017

Objective: A series of 1, 2-Benzisoxazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques like Melting point, Rf, FTIR, and NMR spectra.Methods: Structures of the compounds were elucidated and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by HRBC membrane stabilization method, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by cup plate method.Results: The compounds 4a and 4e showed good anti-inflammatory activity compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium and compounds 4b and 4d showed good antibacterial activity on compared with standard drug Gentamycin.Conclusion: These compounds may serve as future leads for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drug discovery.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF GREWIA HETEROTRICHA MAST
Authors: Usha B. , Pushpalatha K. C.
Published: March 2017

Objective: To investigate the presence of phytochemical components and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of pet. ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Grewia heterotricha mast leaves.Methods: The leaves of Grewia heterotricha mast were dried and extracts were prepared using a pet. ether, chloroform, methanol by soxhlet extraction method. The aqueous extract was prepared using distilled water by cold extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out on aqueous, methanol, chloroform and pet. either leaf extracts of the plant using standard qualitative procedures. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using modified Folin-Ciocalteau method, tannin content by Folin-Denis method and total flavonoids by aluminum chloride method. In vitro, antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity and FRAP assay.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of complex bioactive constituents like phenols, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, proteins and carbohydrates. Methanolic extract showed highest total phenolic content (87.58±2.52 mg CE/g) than aqueous extract (78.46±5.36 mg CE/g). Higher tannin content was found in the aqueous extract (148.0±8.96 mg TAE/g). Total flavonoids were highest in chloroform extract (314.9±25.06 mg QE/g) followed by aqueous (242.98±32.42 mg QE/g) and methanolic extract (217.0±18.32 mg QE/g) and lowest in a pet. ether extract (188.86±23.35 mg QE/g). The methanolic extract had shown very significant DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 98.95 µg/ml) and H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50110.1µg/ml) compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Higher reducing ability was observed in methanol extract (131.8±11.67 mg AE/g).Conclusion: The results obtained reveal that the leaves of Grewia heterotricha mast have potent antioxidant property. The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components like phenolics, flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases. Further studies are needed in order to purify bioactive compounds responsible for the antioxidant property.
EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA ROOT IN MICE
Authors: Eerike Madhavi , Konda Venu Gopala Rao , Arunachalam Ruckmani , Dawood Umar
Published: March 2017

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha root (EEATR) against Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in mice.Methods: 48 adult male mice were used and 4 groups with six in each were allocated to each model. 4 Groups are divided into control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline, standard group, Sodium valproate-200 mg/kg and the two test groups received ethanolic extract of roots of Azima tetracantha (EEATR) 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on hind limb tonic extension duration, onset of convulsions and mortality. The results were compared with control and standard.Results: In MES model EEATR reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) and seizure protection was 50% and 66.6% with 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In PTZ model both the doses of EEATR delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals in group treated with 500 mg/kg EEATR, similar to sodium valproate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant.Conclusion: EEATR has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500 mg/kg of EEATR has better protection than 250 mg/kg against seizure in MES model and equally efficacious as sodium valproate standard in PTZ model.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS OF TECTONA GRANDIS, MANGIFERA INDICA, AND ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE
Authors: K. Krishnananda Kamath , Shabaraya A. Ramakrishna
Published: March 2017

Objective: World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely upon herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary healthcare. For most of the herbs, the specific ingredient that causes therapeutic effect is not known. Bacterial infections are one of the prominent causes of health problems, physical disabilities and mortalities around the world. Plants have been used in medicine as antimicrobial agents since ancient times could provide a promising solution for drug-resistant species. The present study involves comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract leaves of Tectona grandis (teak), Mangifera indica (mango), and, Anacardium Occidentale (cashew).Methods: Authentication, morphological studies and phytochemical screening studies on alcoholic extracts of leaves were carried out. Antibacterial activity was carried out by using different concentrations of extracts on bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using agar well diffusion method and results were compared.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, tannins and flavonoids. Antibacterial activity was observed in the concentration range of 25-100 mg/ml for all the extracts except T. grandis leaves. They are effective at 50-100 mg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Comparison of results reveals that leaves of T. Grandis have less antibacterial activity compared to M. Indica and A. Occidantale extracts.Keywords: Teak, Mango, Cashew Leaves Extracts, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial activity
ASSESSMENT ON ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACTIN FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON PROTOPLASTS AND SPHEROPLASTS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Chitra B. , Vijayakumar A. Benno Susai
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this paper is to assessment on antimicrobial properties of surfactin from Bacillus subtilis on protoplasts and spheroplasts of pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Bacillus sp were isolated from the polluted soil samples and these isolates were screened for biosurfactin activity using haemolytic activity. The biosurfactant was also studied for their antibiotic activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by testing the effect of surfactin on the pathogenic microorganisms. The lytic activity of surfactant was also tested on the protoplasts and spheroplasts of the pathogens.Results: The formation of a clear zone around the colonies and the lysis of erythrocytes shows the antimicrobial and lytic activity of biosurfactants.Conclusion: The results of the current study reveal that surfactin from B. subtilis possesses significant antimicrobial and lytic activity.
INTRODUCTION TO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Verma Niharika
Published: March 2017

Hyperlipidemia is a family of disorders that are characterised by abnormally high levels of lipida (fats) in the blood. While fats play a vital role in the body’s metabolic processes, high blood levels of fats increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. According to American Heart Association, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and other government sources, cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. India has seen a rapid transition in its heart disease burden over the past couple of decades. Of the 30 million heart patients in India, 14 million reside in urban areas and 16 million in rural areas. If the current trend continues, by the year 2020, the burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases in India will surpass that of any other country in the world. The Registrar General of India reported that CHD led to 17% of total deaths and 26% of adult deaths in 2001-2003, which increased to 23% of total and 32% of adult deaths in 2010-2013. The global increase in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia is due to unhealthy eating habits, obesity and physical inactivity. The emergencies, risk factors and remedies are described in the literature. Hyperlipidemia, Coronary heart disease, lipoproteins
STANDARDISATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TRADITIONAL FORMULATION
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sri Kamatchi Priya , Manickam Diwakar , Subramaniam Samu , Subramaniam Shyama
Published: March 2017

Objective: The main objective of this study is to standardise and evaluate traditional formulation both qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of organoleptic characteristics, physical characteristics, physiochemical properties and phytochemical screening.Methods: Traditional formulation (TF) containing seven traditionally used herbs were collected from local areas and market. The plants were washed, air-dried and coarsely powdered. The aqueous extract was prepared as per literature, and various physiochemical, phytochemical screening was done.Results: The organoleptic character shows the drug with greenish colour, slightly bitter taste and characteristic odour. The physiochemical properties show the appropriate pH and the solubility of TF. Secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds and flavonoids are present abundantly in aqueous extract than in other extracts.Conclusion: Our studies suggests that TF contains medicinally important secondary metabolites which has disease protective properties. This study will help in the progression of a suitable monograph, determining the quality and purity of a crude extract and laying down pharmacopoeia standards for the formulation.
MICROBIAL EXTRACTION OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM PLEUROTUS SPP, ITS CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Johney Jesteena , Eagappan Kannan , Ragunathan R. R.
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of the present work was to extract the chitin and chitosan from two species of Pleurotus, its characterization and its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.Methods: The fungi were grown in MGYP medium for 15 d. The chitin and chitosan were extracted using the alkaline method and various biochemical methods and compared with commercial chitin and chitosan. The FTIR and SEM were also performed. Antimicrobial activity was performed using well diffusion method.Results: The maximum yield of mycelia and the chitin and chitosan were obtained on 12th day of incubation. P. folrida gave maximum yield (201.3 mg/l of chitin and 65.61 mg/l of chitosan). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy comparing the results obtained with results for commercial chitin and chitosan. Our results showed that chitin and chitosan obtained from Pleurotus spp. had a significant similitude with commercial. SEM image also carried out to study the surface morphology. The fungal chitin and chitosan had more antimicrobial activity against the gram+ve, gram–ve and the various fungus.Conclusion: In the present study the chitin and chitosan were extracted from the Pleurotus spp. (P. florida and P. eous). The yield was maximum in P. florida after 12thday of fermentation. The FTIR and SEM also confirmed the chitin and chitosan. The extracted chitin and chitosan were subjected to antimicrobial activity, and it was found the extracted chitin and chitosan were active against the bacteria and fungi. Our findings suggest that the Pleurotus spp. are the potential candidate to produce eco-friendly chitin and chitosan in the development of drugs, artificial bone and raw material for the food industries in the near future.
SEAWEED EXTRACTS EXHIBIT ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AGAINST HeLa CELL LINES
Authors: S. Ashwini , V. Suresh Babut , . Saritha , Shantaram Manjula Shantara
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the anticancer activities in the extracts of marine seaweeds Gracilariacorticata.Methods: The acetone, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of collected seaweeds were tested for their anticancer properties in vitro against HeLa cancer cell lines.Results: The anticancer activity of the seaweed extracts was observed at 24hours, 48 hours and 72 h in which chloroform and ethanol extracts of G. corticata showed a greater activity with an IC50 value of 341.82 µg/ml and 244.7 µg/ml respectively for 48hours. P-values were determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The morphology of the treated cells showed a great variation when compared to the control cells. Thus, the in vitro assay indicates that the extracts of seaweeds are the significant source of a noble anticancer agent.Conclusion: This study also infers that G. corticata could be a potential candidate for cancer therapy in the near future.
SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SCHIFF’S BASE, AZETIDINONES AND THIAZOLIDINONES
Authors: Mistry Bhavnaben D. , Desai Kishor R. , Desai Nigam J.
Published: March 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study is to synthesize 3-Chloro-4-[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-(substituted) azetidin-2-one [4a-n] and 2-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl]-3-(substituted phenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one [5a-n]. The structure of all synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. Methods: The titled compounds 3-Chloro-4-[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-(substituted) azetidin-2-one [4a-n] and 2-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl]-3-(substituted phenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one [5a-n] were synthesized by the reaction of N-{[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl] methylene } substituted anilin [3a-n] with chloro acetyl chloride and thioglycolic acid respectively. Compounds N-{[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl] methylene} substituted aniline [3a-n] were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehyde [2] with primary aromatic amine in alcohol. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.Results: Compounds 3a,3b,3d,3j,3l,4d,4e,4j,4l,4m,5e,5g,5h,5n exhibited excellent to good antibacterial activity as compared to reference drugs.Conclusion: In summary, N-{[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl] methylene } substituted anilin [3a-n], 3-Chloro-4-[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-(substituted) azetidin-2-one [4a-n] and 2-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyraol-4-yl]-3-(substituted phenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one [5a-n] derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. In vitro antimicrobial testing of the compounds was carried out by microdilution Method. Amongst the synthesised compounds, many of them had proven their antimicrobial potency which varies from good to excellent.
FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS: A REVIEW
Authors: Masih Ashish , Kumar Amar , Singh Shivam , Tiwari Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2017

Fast dissolving tablets emerge as one of the popular and widely accepted dosage forms, especially for pediatric patients because of incomplete development of the muscular and nervous system and a case of geriatric patients suffering from Parkinson’s disorder or hand tremors. Few solid dosage forms like capsules and tablets are present days facing the problems like difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), resulting in many incidences of non-compliance and making the therapy ineffective. Oral dosage form and oral route are the most preferred route of administration for various drugs have limitations like first-pass metabolism, psychiatric patients, bedridden and uncooperative patients. FDTs are disintegrating or dissolve quickly in the saliva without a need of water. Fast dissolving tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably faster, within a few seconds (less than 60 seconds), and those are real fast-dissolving tablets. FDTs formulations contain super disintegrants to enhance the disintegration rate of a tablet in the buccal cavity. FDTs have advantages such as easy portability and manufacturing, accurate dosing, good chemical and physical stability and an ideal alternative for geriatric and pediatric patients. FDTs have disintegrated quickly, absorb faster so, in vitro drug release time improve and this property of drugs (dosage form) enhanced bioavailability. FDT formulations have the advantage of both conventional tablet formulation and liquid dosage form. There are several technologies that are conventional or patented based on spray drying, cotton candy process, sublimation, melt granulation, direct compression freezes drying/lyophilization, phase transition process, mass extrusion, etc. have been developed for manufacturing of FDTs. In this review contain brief information about FDTs including definition, advantages, needs or requirements of FDTs, salient features of FDTs, limitations, challenges to developing FDT, marketed formulations of fast dissolving tablets, etc.
STRUCTURE PREDICTION AND IN SILICO DESIGNING OF DRUGS AGAINST KALLIKREIN PROTEIN 12
Authors: Devgan Manish
Published: March 2017

Objective: Human Kallikrein protein 12 (hK12) might serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target, in gastric cancer.Methods: In this work, a theoretical model of hK12 receptor protein was generated using the concepts of homology modeling and loop modeling. The resulting model was validated with Ramachandran plot analysis. The ligands generated with the help of Drug bank were docked against hK12 receptor protein using AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8. The structure of ligand DB04786 (Suramin), with least binding energy, was varied by using ACD/ChemSketch 8.0 and the docking was done for the resulting 16 new ligands.Results: The results indicated that the ligand10 bears the minimum binding energy (-12.3 Kcal/mol) with the target protein and thus the prospects of binding are high. The results also clearly demonstrated that the in silico molecular docking studies of selected ligands, i.e., suramin, ligands 5, 6, 10 and 16 with hK12 protein exhibited favourable binding interactions and warranted.Conclusion: Further studies needed for the development of potent inhibitors for the overexpression of hK12 protein making the management of gastric cancer more efficient.