bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ МАРКЕТИНГУ І ЛОГІСТИКИ В УПРАВЛІННІ РИЗИКАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МЕТОДІВ ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: Леонова Софія , Теплюк Світлана
Published: December 2021

Проаналізовано та систематизовано досвід вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців щодо методів управління ризиком. Проведено класифікацію зовнішніх та внутрішніх ризиків підприємства, виокремлено логістичні ризики підприємства. Виявлено типи логістичних ризиків, які можуть виникати в ланцюгу постачання. Ідентифіковано причини виникнення «Ефекту бичачого батога» у ланцюгах поставок та проаналізовано його негативні наслідки для підприємства. Обгрунтовано тісний взаємозв’язок маркетингових та логістичних рішень в управлінні ланцюгами поставок. Актуалізовано необхідність інтеграції інструментів маркетингу і логістики з метою підвищення ефективності функціонування ланцюгів поставок шляхом оптимізації портфелю брендів підприємства, використано методи математичного програмування для формування оптимальної інвестиційної програми ПрАТ «Карлсберг Україна».
ОЦІНКА ФІНАНСОВОГО СТАНУ МАШИНОБУДІВНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З МЕТОЮ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЙОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ
Authors: Марусяк Наталія , Шупер Антон
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням практичної оцінки фінансового стану машинобудівного підприємства. У роботі зазначено, що фінансовий стан підприємства визначається комплексом показників, що характеризують процеси формування, управління та використання фінансових ресурсів суб’єктом господарювання. Встановлено, що оцінка фінансового стану підприємства здійснюється на основі аналізу даних фінансової звітності і відіграє надзвичайно важливу роль, оскільки отримані та досліджені дані є основою для ухвалення менеджментом ефективних рішень щодо операційної, фінансової та інвестиційної діяльності підприємства. Проведено оцінку фінансового стану Публічного акціонерного товариства «Крюківський вагонобудівний завод» за допомогою побудови аналітичних таблиць та розрахунку основних коефіцієнтів. Визначено основні недоліки у діяльності підприємства і розроблено шляхи зміцнення його фінансового становища з метою підвищення ефективності функціонування.
АНАЛІЗ МІГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В УКРАЇНІ: ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Панченко Ігор , Паращук Алла
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням міграційних процесів в Україні та шляхам вирішення їх негативних проявів. Охарактеризовано основні зовнішні та внутрішні причини міграції громадян України та надано їх приклади. Розглянуто основні фактори та процеси, що впливають на переміщення українського населення за кордон. Проведено кластерний аналіз регіонів України (двадцять чотири області країни), визначено набір показників, відображати міграційну та демографічні системи, при цьому вибрані показники несуть однакове смислове навантаження і мають однакову структуру обчислення та охарактеризовано наявний та постійний стан населення низкою показників. Проведено дослідження методом Варда та визначено чотири кластери областей України, що подібні за своїми показниками та надана їх характеристика. Проаналізовано статистику міждержавних мігрантів за країнами в'їзду та виїзду. Визначено стан існуючої міграційної ситуації в Україні та надано висновки, щодо її покращення.
Subjective social well-being of employees with different socioeconomic statuses
Authors: O.Ye. Blynova , K.O. Kruhlov
Published: December 2021

Thepurposeof the research is to specify differences in the subjective social well-being of an organization’s employees with different socioeconomic statuses. The following methodshave been used to conduct the empirical research (n=38): theoretical analysis and generalization of scholarly views of the problem; empirical methods: “Questionnaire of Subjective Social Well-Being” (T.V. Danylchenko); “Questionnaire of Subjective Economic Well-Being” (V.O. Khashchenko); the methods of statistical analysis: correlation analysis; F-test. Results.The authors have established statistically significant correlations between the criteria of subjective social well-being and subjective economic well-being, namely, between the scales “Social visibil-ity”, “Social remoteness” and the indices of economic optimism, economic anxiety, and financial deprivation. It has been confirmed the statistical interdependence between the scales “Emotional acceptance” and “Family well-being index”. The research has determined differences between employees’ groups, which were divided according to socioeconomic status (managers and “performers”), on the following scales: “Social visibility”, “Positive social perceptions”, and “Economic optimism index”. Conclusions.The employees with higher socioeconomic status recognize their influence, the capability to settle problems, the availability of social ties, financial, economic, material, and social resources due to which they are confident when coping with stressful situations, have a positive economic expectation, a high level of efficient social functioning. The employees with low socioeconomic status are mainly characterized by unsatisfactory emotional and social relations, a failure to actively influence their social environment; they feel economic anxiety about their finances and the future.Keywords: social status, employees of organization, economic well-being, subjective economic well-being, mental well-being.
Trump Plays the Devil – the Devil Plays Trump
Authors: Gallant Katharina F.
Published: December 2021

The presidency of Donald Trump is a core example of the role of sensationalism in politics. Trump has accused political opponents of both devilry and moral degradation, but such accusations have gone both ways. In her examination of German media coverage of Trump, Katharina Gallant shows how Trump has been portrayed as politically and morally inadequate. Bringing together Cohen’s traditional framework with Paul Joosse’s work on charismatic leadership, this chapter illuminates how Trump has emerged as a devil figure for the left wing in Europe, while similarly being someone that the European left-wingers have had few options for dealing with.
Peyzaj Mimarlığı Odağında Şifa Bahçesi Konulu Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇELİK Aysun , ÇALIŞKAN Huriye
Published: December 2021

Öz

Doğadan kopmuş olan büyük kentlerde yaşayan insanların, doğa ile organik bağını kurduğu kentsel donatı alanlarından en önemlisi kentsel açık ve yeşil alanlardır. Bu araştırmanın konusu da kentsel açık ve yeşil alan sistemlerinden birisi olan şifa bahçeleridir. Şifa bahçesi; duyuları uyararak iyileştirici etkilerini ortaya koyan, insanların psikolojik-fiziksel-biyolojik bedenlerini yenileyerek, iyileştiren bahçelerdir. Araştırmanın amacı; şifa bahçelerinde peyzaj tasarım yaklaşımlarına ışık tutmaktır. Şifa bahçelerinin peyzaj tasarımında başarılı olmanın koşulu, kullanıcı kitleyi tasarım sürecine başarılı bir şekilde entegre edebilmektir. Bunun da en etkin yolu anketlerdir. Bu amaçla bu araştırmada yüz yüze görüşmeye dayalı anket uygulanmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS16 Paket Programı içerisinde yer alan Frequencie, Crostabs ve One-Way Anova analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ; insanların yeşil alanlarda hissettikleri duyguların neler olduğu, bulundukları çevreyi hangi duyuları ile algıladıkları, bunların kişi profili ile ilişkisi, farklı duyuları harekete geçiren peyzaj ögelerinin neler olduğu belirlenerek şifalı bahçelerde olması tercih edilen donatı alan ve elemanları belirlenmiştir.
Molecular imaging in oncology: Current impact and future directions
Authors: Rowe Steven P. , Pomper Martin G.
Published: December 2021

The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high‐throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full‐blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging—particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes—promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near‐term challenges and opportunities in oncology.
PROCEDURE FOR COOPERATIVE PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED WRITTEN COMMUNICATION OF PROSPECTIVE PROGRAMMERS
Authors: Shandra Nataliya
Published: December 2021

In the age of information and communication technologies the English language plays a significant role both in oral and written communication. The successful performance of computer programming specialists largely depends on their level of lexical competence, so a university course of English for specific purposes (ESP) focused on its development, can be exceedingly useful in the professional training of prospective programmers. This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the collaborative professional written communication in ESP classrooms to enhance future programmers’ writing skills as well as improve their English lexical competence. To validate the efficiency of the algorithm, the author conducted experimental teaching of the 5th-year students of the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics at Ivan Franko Lviv National University in 2017‒2018 academic year. The stages of the algorithm implemented in order to advance the level of English lexical competence were elaborated. Efficiency of the algorithm has been proved on the basis of the results obtained from pre- and post- experimental assessment of students from experimental and control groups. On a practical level, the participants’ writing skills were examined through an English written test prior to and after cooperative learning activities were provided. Growth rate in students from experimental group significantly exceeded the students’ results in the control group. Thus, the efficacy of the suggested algorithm used for developing lexical competence in computer programming students has been proved. In light of the findings, the researcher indicates that teachers can benefit from applying the proposed methodology for collaborative professional writing in English classes, which may in turn develop students’ writing skills and improve their English lexical competence.
Gill epithelial cell nuclear virus disease is prevalent and widespread in Mya arenaria clams of Chesapeake Bay, USA
Authors: Dungan CF , Peters EC
Published: December 2021

Several historic investigations have reported intranuclear virus infections of Mya arenaria soft-shell clams from the Atlantic coast of North America, but their descriptive details are limited. Among numerous multi-clam samples of Chesapeake Bay M. arenaria that were analyzed histopathologically during clam population surveys from 2000-2009, virus replication apparently caused extreme hypertrophy among the infected nuclei of gill epithelial cells. Infected cells were often abundant within the gill epithelia of affected clams, where their nuclear abnormalities suggested compromised genetic controls of critical cellular physiological functions. Infection prevalences were generally elevated, reaching 90% in 25% of samples. A grand mean prevalence of 67% resulted for all (69) M. arenaria samples of the decadal investigation, which included 1934 individual clams. Infected nuclei of gill epithelial cells were microscopically conspicuous by their extreme hypertrophic diameters of 10 µm or more and their prominent DNA-inclusion bodies. Cells with abnormal, hypertrophic nuclei were often abundant in the epithelia of M. arenaria gills. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant, replicating, icosahedral viral particles of 65-85 nm diameter within such hypertrophic nuclei. Viruses frequently occurred in paracrystalline nuclear arrays, showed granular internal contents, and had radial structures that suggested capsid surface ornamentation. Normal heterochromatin of infected nuclei appeared emarginated by dense central masses of replicating virions. Large, electron-dense DNA inclusion bodies routinely occurred at the internal margins of virus-infected nuclei. These may be virus replication centers based on their ultrastructural features and close proximity to replicated viral particles.
Green turtle population recovery at Aldabra Atoll continues after 50 yr of protection
Authors: Pritchard AM , Sanchez CL , Bunbury N , Burt AJ , Currie JC , Doak N , Fleischer-Dogley F , Metcalfe K , Mortimer JA , Richards H , van de Crommenacker J , Godley BJ
Published: December 2021

Green turtles Chelonia mydas have been subject to high levels of anthropogenic exploitation, with harvesting at their nesting sites especially pronounced throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to worldwide declines. Due to their delayed sexual maturity, long-term protection and monitoring is crucial to allow and accurately demonstrate population recovery. Subsequent to their exploitation, Aldabra Atoll (Republic of Seychelles) has offered the longest continuous protection for nesting green turtles anywhere in the Western Indian Ocean, beginning in 1968. Here, we document the continuing recovery of that population by estimating clutch production within 12 mo nesting seasons over 50 yr of monitoring. An estimated mean of 15297 clutches were laid annually between December 2014 and November 2019. This represents an increase of 173% since Aldabra’s intensive monitoring programme was initiated in 1980, and 410-�665% since 1968. Clutch number increases were recorded at all but 1 of 6 monitored beach groups around the atoll but were most pronounced at Settlement Beach, where exploitation of nesting females was historically most intense. Seasonality data since 2000 showed a year-round nesting season, with elevated activity in April-June peaking on average in May, and a potential shift to later in the year over time. This study highlights the considerable contribution of Aldabra Atoll to regional green turtle numbers and the benefit of long-term protection and monitoring at what can be considered a global reference site for this species.
Biomarkers of the Physical Function Mobility Domains Among
Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine
Authors: Vrbová P. , Valášková S. , Gažová A. , Smaha J. , Kužma M. , Kyselovič J. , Payer J. , Koller T.
Published: December 2021

Hospitalized patients in internal medicine have an increased risk of low physical reserve which further declines during the hospital stay. The diagnosis requires bed-side testing of functional domains or more complex investigations of the muscle mass. Clinically useful biomarkers of functional status are needed, thus we aimed to explore the potential of microRNAs. Among hospitalized patients, we recorded the basic demographics, anthropometrics, nutritional status, and physical function domains: hand-grip strength (HGS, abnormal values M<30 kg, W<20 kg), balance (<30 s), chair-stands speed (CHSS<0.5/s) and gait speed (GS<0.8 m/s). A panel of five micro-RNAs (miRNA 1, miRNA 133a, miRNA 133b, miRNA 29a, miRNA 29b) and basic blood biochemistry and vitamin D values were recorded. We enrolled 80 patients (M40, W40), with a mean age of 68.8±8.4 years. Obesity was observed in 27.5 % and 30 %, low HGS and low CHSS in 65.0, 77.5 %, and 80, 90 % of men and women respectively. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days. MiRNA29a and miRNA29b have the strongest correlation with the triceps skinfold (miRNA 29b, r=0.377, p=0.0006) and CHSS (miRNA 29a, r=0.262, p=0.02). MiRNA 29a, miRNA 29b and 133a levels were significantly higher in patients with CHSS<0.5/s. Other anthropometric parameters, mobility domains, or vitamin D did not correlate. All miRNAs except of miRNA 1, could predict low CHSS (miRNA29b, AUROC=0.736 CI 0.56-0.91, p=0.01), particularly in patients with low HGS (miRNA 29b, AUROC=0.928 CI 0.83-0.98). Among hospitalized patients in internal medicine, low functional status was frequent. MicroRNAs were fair biomarkers of the antigravity domain, but not other domains. Larger studies with clinical endpoints are needed.
What transcends the Algorithm - A Critique of the Notions of a Postdigital and a Subsymbolic
Authors: Weiß Bastian
Published: December 2021

Computational logic has, although since its breakthrough with the emergence of digital computers there has always been doubt, mostly been seen as something very different from human thinking; one can e.g. refer to Dreyfus’ famous criticism about what computers can’t do. Facing statistical machine learning as a new paradigm of computing, many seem to think that these lines are getting somewhat blurry. Learning algorithms, their functions not longer explicitly coded, but acquired via optimization methods, are seen as a kind of third mode, located somewhere between classical computational paradigms and human thinking. This view seems to manifest itself in the notions of postdigital and subsymbolic computing. I will argue that this view is mistaken, and machine learning does not soften boundaries posed by the digital and the symbolic, as they were already in effect regarding classical computational logic.
DESAIN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP E-SHAPED PATCH PADA FREKUENSI 5500 MHz UNTUK WIFI
Authors: Ananda Fitri Elvira , Nurjihan Shita Fitria , Rahman Muhammad Arif
Published: December 2021

Modifying the shape of the patch microstrip antenna is one way to solve the narrow bandwidth. E-Shaped patch microstrip antenna is obtained by modifying a rectangular patch mikrostrip antenna. The results on this research have succesfully compared the design and simulation antenna parameters between rectangular patch and E-shaped patch. It uses FR-4 as a substrate and works on 5500 MHz frequency for WiFi. The feeding method using a feedline method. The E-shaped patch microstrip antenna has a VSWR value of 1.04 and the antenna return loss is -33.73 dB, better than the rectangular patch. The gain of E-shaped patch is increased by almost 2.5 times and the bandwidth is increased by 10.18% compared to the rectangular patch. The radiation pattern of the two patches has the same directional radiation pattern.
Mobile Application Bimbingan Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa Pada Stmik Handayani Makassar Sebagai Media Pendukung Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Nur M. Adnan , Wardhani Nurilmiyanti
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan serta menguji akses antara mobile application yang dibangun dengan framework apache cordova dan web server apache melalui hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) menggunakan Object XHR dari Javascript. Aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan studi kasus bimbingan tugas akhir pada STMIK Handayani Makassar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode research and  development  (R & D) yang terdiri atas beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap analisis meliputi tinjauan terhadap penggunaan framework apache cordova dan web service, tahap perancangan menggunakan unified modelling language, tahap pembuatan aplikasi dan tahap pengujian menggunakan metode blackbox. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fungsi aplikasi dapat mengakses data dari web service. Terdapat perbedaan waktu request data server ketika aplikasi dijalankan pada emulator (google chrome) dan aplikasi yang diinstalasi langsung pada perangkat android dengan sistem operasi MIUI OS dan ColorOS. Request data server dengan emulator lebih cepat dengan perbedaan waktu yang tidak begitu signifikan yaitu rata-rata selisih waktu hanya 41,76 ms untuk MIUI OS dan 46,52 ms  untuk ColorOS.
MAKNA SIMBOLIK RITUAL KASAMPUNIKI NAPA
Authors: Mirna Mirna , Hapsah Wa Ode Sitti , Jalil Abdul
Published: December 2021

Makna Simbolik Ritual Kasampuniki Napa pada Masyarakat Desa Lolibu, Kecamatan Lakudo, Kabupaten Buton Tengah”. Di bawah bimbingan Wa Ode Sitti Hafsah selaku pembimbing I dan Abdul Jalil selaku pembimbing II.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna sImbol yang digunakan dalam ritual kasampuniki napa pada masyarakat Desa Lolibu, Kecamatan Lakudo, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Simbolik (Victor Turner). Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan. Dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu: Pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara (interview). Untuk menjawab permasalahan dilakukan analisis data, teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kulaitatif. Analisis data dilakukan sejak pengumpulan data sampai akhir penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Lolibu menggunakan banyak simbol dalam ritual kasampuniki napa. Simbol-simbol tersebut dalam ritual kasampuniki napa salah satu hal yang penting adalah untuk memperingati keberhasilan masyarakat lokal dalam melawan bajak laut dari Suku Tobelo.
Biologically Feasible Generative Neural Network Architecture with Effective Concept Learning Capacity
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: December 2021

Representations play an essential role in the learning of artificial and biological systems due to their capacity to identify characteristic patterns in the sensory environment. In this work we examined latent representations of several sets of images, such as basic geometric shapes and handwritten digits, produced by generative models in the process of unsupervised generative learning. A biologically feasible neural network architecture based on bi-directional synaptic connection equivalent in training and processing to a symmetrical autoencoder was proposed and defined. It was demonstrated that conceptual representations with good decoupling of concept regions can be produced with generative models of limited complexity; and that incremental evolution of architecture can result in improved ability to learn data of increasing conceptual complexity, including realistic images such as handwritten digits. The results demonstrate potential of conceptual representations produced as a natural platform for conceptual modeling of sensory environments and other intelligent behaviors.
Research Dialogue 1: Endangered and underrepresented languages
Authors: Khan Geoffrey , Katushemererwe Fridah
Published: December 2021

Research dialogue between Prof. Geoffrey Khan, Faculty of Asian & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge and Fridah Katushemererwe, Makerere University, Uganda, chaired by Ioanna Sitaridou, Professor of Spanish and Historical Linguistics, University of Cambridge.
Visualizing Phytochemical-Protein Interaction Networks: Momordica charantia and Cancer
Authors: Briones Yumi L. , Young Alexander T. , Dayrit Fabian M. , De Jesus Armando Jerome , Rojas Nina Rosario L.
Published: December 2021

The in silico study of medicinal plants is a rapidly growing field. Techniques such as reverse screening and network pharmacology are used to study the complex cellular action of medicinal plants against disease. However, it is difficult to produce a meaningful visualization of phytochemical-protein interactions (PCPIs) in the cell. This study introduces a novel workflow combining various tools to visualize a PCPI network for a medicinal plant against a disease. The five steps are 1) phytochemical compilation, 2) reverse screening, 3) network building, 4) network visualization, and 5) evaluation. The output is a PCPI network that encodes multiple dimensions of information, including subcellular location, phytochemical class, pharmacokinetic data, and prediction probability. As a proof of concept, we built a PCPI network for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) against colorectal cancer. The network and workflow are available at https://yumibriones.github.io/network/. The PCPI network highlights high-confidence interactions for further in vitro or in vivo study. The overall workflow is broadly transferable and can be used to visualize the action of other medicinal plants or small molecules against other diseases.
P4HA1, a Prognostic Biomarker that Correlates With Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Pan-Cancer
Authors: Zhao Qi , Liu Junfeng
Published: December 2021

Objective: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I (P4HA1), a key enzyme in collagen synthesis, comprises two identical alpha subunits and two beta subunits. However, the immunomodulatory role of P4HA1 in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of P4HA1 in pan-cancer and explore the relationship between P4HA1 expression and TIME.

Methods: P4HA1 expression, clinical features, mutations, DNA methylation, copy number alteration, and prognostic value in pan-cancer were investigated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. Pathway enrichment analysis of P4HA1 was performed using R package “clusterProfiler.” The correlation between immune cell infiltration level and P4HA1 expression was analyzed using three sources of immune cell infiltration data, including ImmuCellAI database, TIMER2 database, and a published work.

Results: P4HA1 was substantially overexpressed in most cancer types. P4HA1 overexpression was associated with poor survival in patients. Additionally, we discovered that P4HA1 expression was positively associated with infiltration levels of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, nTregs, and iTregs, and negatively correlated with CD8+ T and NK cells in pan-cancer.

Conclusions: Our results highlighted that P4HA1 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer. P4HA1 overexpression is indicative of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. P4HA1 may be a potential target of immunotherapy.
Sirtuin 5 is Dispensable for CD8+ T Cell Effector and Memory Differentiation
Authors: Duan Qianqian , Ding Jiying , Li Fangfang , Liu Xiaowei , Zhao Yunan , Yu Hongxiu , Liu Yong , Zhang Lianjun
Published: December 2021

CD8+ T cell effector and memory differentiation is tightly controlled at multiple levels including transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulation. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a protein deacetylase mainly located at mitochondria, but it remains unclear whether SIRT5 plays key roles in regulating CD8+ T cell effector or memory formation. Herein, with adoptive transfer of Sirt5+/+ or Sirt5−/− OT-1 cells and acute Listeria monocytogenes infection model, we demonstrate that SIRT5 deficiency does not affect CD8+ T cell effector function and that SIRT5 is not required for CD8+ T cell memory formation. Moreover, the recall response of SIRT5 deficient memory CD8+ T cells is comparable with Sirt5+/+ memory CD8+ T cells. Together, these observations suggest that SIRT5 is dispensable for the effector function and memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells.
Exercise in Water Provides Better Cardiac Energy Efficiency Than on Land
Authors: Fukuie Marina , Hoshi Daisuke , Hashitomi Tatsuya , Watanabe Koichi , Tarumi Takashi , Sugawara Jun
Published: December 2021

Although water-based exercise is one of the most recommended forms of physical activity, little information is available regarding its influence on cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand. To address this question, we compared subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR, the ratio of myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand), cardiac inotropy (via the maximum rate of aortic pressure rise [dP/dTmax]), and stroke volume (SV, via a Modelflow method) responses between water- and land-based exercise. Eleven healthy men aged 24 ± 1 years underwent mild- to moderate-intensity cycling exercise in water (WC) and on land (LC) consecutively on separate days. In WC, cardiorespiratory variables were monitored during leg cycling exercise (30, 45, and 60 rpm of cadence for 5 min each) using an immersible stationary bicycle. In LC, each participant performed a cycling exercise at the oxygen consumption (VO2) matched to the WC. SEVR and dP/dTmax were obtained by using the pulse wave analysis from peripheral arterial pressure waveforms. With increasing exercise intensity, SEVR exhibited similar progressive reductions in WC (from 211 ± 44 to 75 ± 11%) and LC (from 215 ± 34 to 78 ± 9%) (intensity effect: P < 0.001) without their conditional differences. WC showed higher SV at rest and a smaller increase in SV than LC (environment-intensity interaction: P = 0.009). The main effect of environment on SV was significant (P = 0.002), but that of dP/dTmax was not (P = 0.155). SV was correlated with dP/dTmax (r = 0.717, P < 0.001). When analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed with dP/dTmax as a covariate, the environment effect on SV was still significant (P < 0.001), although environment-intensity interaction was abolished (P = 0.543). These results suggest that water-based exercise does not elicit unfavorable myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand balance at mild-to-moderate intensity compared with land-based exercise. Rather, water-based exercise may achieve higher SV and better myocardial energy efficiency than land-based exercise, even at the same inotropic force.
A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Cardiac Regeneration Over a 20-Year Period
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Yan Junyu , Chen Lu , Zhu Yingqi , Chen Kaitong , Zheng Cankun , Shen Mengjia , Liao Yulin
Published: December 2021

Background: Recent research has suggested that cardiac regeneration may have the widely applicable potential of treating heart failure (HF). A comprehensive understanding of the development status of this field is conducive to its development. However, no bibliometric analysis has summarized this field properly. We aimed to analyze cardiac regeneration-related literature over 20 years and provide valuable insights.

Methods: Publications were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and alluvial generator were used to analyze and present the data.

Results: The collected 11,700 publications showed an annually increasing trend. The United States and Harvard University were the leading force among all the countries and institutions. The majority of articles were published in Circulation Research, and Circulation was the most co-cited journal. According to co-citation analysis, burst detection and alluvial flow map, cardiomyocyte proliferation, stem cells, such as first-and second-generation, extracellular vesicles especially exosomes, direct cardiac reprogramming, macrophages, microRNAs, and inflammation have become more and more popular recently.

Conclusions: Cardiac regeneration remains a research hotspot and develops rapidly. How to modify cardiac regeneration endogenously and exogenously may still be the hotspot in the future and should be discussed more deeply.
A Fossil Paleozoic Subduction-Dominated Trench-Arc-Basin System Revealed by Airborne Magnetic-Gravity Imaging in West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Zheng Qifang , Xu Xi , Zhang Wan , Zheng Yuzhou , Liu Yinghui , Kuang Xingtao , Zhou Daoqing , Yu Xuezhong , Wang Baodi
Published: December 2021

A Carboniferous trench-arc-basin system related to oceanic slab subduction has been thoroughly imaged by various geophysical probing approaches and proposed for the formation of West Junggar, Northwest China, located in the southwest of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, debate on the origin of West Junggar still continues. Here, we present an integrated aeronautic magnetic–gravity observation to further identify the trench-arc-basin system and constrain the subduction mode. By deploying an integrated aerial magnetic–gravity survey consisting of 66,000 survey-line kilometers from August 3, 2015 to April 22, 2016, we determine the magnetic and gravitational anomaly across the study region by using geophysical potential-field processing. Our results reveal curial crust-scale variations in magnetic and gravitational structures beneath West Junggar and that a prominent Bouguer gravity high is located between the Darbut and Karamay–Urho faults, likely corresponding to a trapped oceanic slab. Notably, the Tacheng Basin is characterized by high-frequency magnetic signal and gravity highs, as well as the Carboniferous rifting–related sedimentary cover, which could be reasonably interpreted to be a back-arc basin. Integrated with these comprehensive geological and geophysical observations across West Junggar, the previous model of West Junggar trench-arc-basin system related to a fossil intra-oceanic subduction during the Late Paleozoic is further renewed.
Gender Differences in the Association Between Obesity Indices and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen I-Ju , Hsu Le-Tien , Lu Mei-Chun , Chen Ying-Jen , Tsou Meng-Ting , Chen Jau-Yuan
Published: December 2021

Background

Traditional risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) include diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and metabolic syndrome, which are health conditions related to obesity. We aimed to investigate which of the three obesity indices has the strongest association with CKD and to explore whether there are gender differences in these relationships in the middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese population.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, community-based study. It included 400 residents (141 males and 259 females, age 50–90 years) residing in a community in northern Taiwan. Each participant was asked to fill a questionnaire that collected personal information, medical history, medication use, and anthropometric measurements. The laboratory data were obtained by testing the blood and urine samples. The baseline characteristics were compared, and the obesity indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). CKD was defined as the presence of renal dysfunction (urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. We used a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the association between each obesity index and CKD for both genders. Further, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) to examine the best obesity indices to predict CKD in different genders.

Results

The average age of the subjects was 64.47 ± 8.45 years, and men were significantly older. CKD was found in 31 (22.0%) males and 50 (19.3%) females. In men, there was no significant difference between the CKD and non-CKD groups among the three obesity indices. However, in women, only VAI was significantly higher in subjects with CKD (1.9 [1.1, 3.4]) than in subjects without CKD (1.5 [1.0, 2.2]) (p-value = 0.03). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that even after adjusting for possible confounding factors, VAI was found to be an independent risk factor for CKD in women (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.69, p = 0.02), but not in men (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.85-1.69, p = 0.30). The AUC of VAI had a significant ability to predict CKD in women but not in men.

Conclusion

Our results showed that among the three obesity indices, VAI had the strongest association with CKD compared to BMI and WC in women. In addition, VAI in women should be given more importance in the screening for CKD among the middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese population.
Nexus Between Green Finance, Energy Efficiency, and Carbon Emission: Covid-19 Implications From BRICS Countries
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Huang Jiaoya , Xiang Ziman , Huang Jialiang
Published: December 2021

The threats of climatic change on life, health, and the environment have been regarded by the joint consensus of scholars in the recent decades. With the advancement of global green development, green finance has paved the way for the government to respond to the challenges of climate change by providing mature financial services, appropriate financing, investment, and project funds related to environmental protection. In this context, green finance was proposed, and the relationship between green finance, renewable energy, and carbon emissions in the BRICS countries from 2000 to 2018 was further studied based on the quantile regression model. The presence of cross-sectional dependence in panel results is tested through CD and LM methods. The findings show the negative effect of green finance and non-fossil energy consumption on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, economic growth, trade openness, energy consumption, and foreign direct investment increase the CO2 emissions. Finally, the research results confirm that green finance is the best financial strategy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve in the USA: What Role Institutional Quality, Globalization, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Remittances can Play? New Evidence From Dynamic ARDL Simulations Approach
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Kamran Khan Muhammad , Dagar Vishal , Oryani Bahareh , Akbar Syeda Saba , Salem Sultan , Dildar Sayyad Mahejabin
Published: December 2021

This study intends to examine the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the United States of America (USA), considering the vital role of macroeconomic variables, such as economic growth, institutional quality, globalization, energy consumption, financial development, urbanization, and remittance from 1985 to 2020. The impact of positive/negative shock in a regressor on CO2 emissions keeps other regressors unchanged and has been investigated using the novel dynamic stimulated autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The empirical findings revealed the positive impact of economic growth and negative impact of the square economic growth on environmental degradation in the short- and long term. It indicates the validity of the EKC hypothesis in the case of the USA. Moreover, financial development, energy consumption, globalization, remittances inflow, and urbanization reduce the environmental quality. On the contrary, institutional quality improves the environmental quality by reducing CO2 emissions. The appropriate recommendations to design the inclusive economic-environment national energy policy were proposed.
Biological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: He Qianyan , Ma Yinzhong , Liu Jie , Zhang Dianhui , Ren Jiaxin , Zhao Ruoyu , Chang JunLei , Guo Zhen-Ni , Yang Yi
Published: December 2021

Ischemic stroke is caused by insufficient cerebrovascular blood and oxygen supply. It is a major contributor to death or disability worldwide and has become a heavy societal and clinical burden. To date, effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited, and innovative therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke, including neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and blood brain barrier regulation. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression profile of HIF-1α in the brain shifts with the progression of ischemic stroke; this has led to contradictory findings regarding its function in previous studies. Therefore, unveiling the Janus face of HIF-1α and its target genes in different type of cells and exploring the role of HIF-1α in inflammatory responses after ischemia is of great importance for revealing the pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. Herein, we provide a succinct overview of the current approaches targeting HIF-1α and summarize novel findings concerning HIF-1α regulation in different types of cells within neurovascular units, including neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia, during the different stages of ischemic stroke. The current representative translational approaches focused on neuroprotection by targeting HIF-1α are also discussed.
Spontaneous Phage Resistance in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Sørensen Patricia E. , Baig Sharmin , Stegger Marc , Ingmer Hanne , Garmyn An , Butaye Patrick
Published: December 2021

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens affecting poultry worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has renewed the interest in the therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phages). However, a major concern for the successful implementation of phage therapy is the emergence of phage-resistant mutants. The understanding of the phage-host interactions, as well as underlying mechanisms of resistance, have shown to be essential for the development of a successful phage therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the strictly lytic Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-P10 rapidly selected for resistance in the APEC ST95 O1 strain AM621. Whole-genome sequence analysis of 109 spontaneous phage-resistant mutant strains revealed 41 mutants with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their core genome. In 32 of these, a single SNP was detected while two SNPs were identified in a total of nine strains. In total, 34 unique SNPs were detected. In 42 strains, including 18 strains with SNP(s), gene losses spanning 17 different genes were detected. Affected by genetic changes were genes known to be involved in phage resistance (outer membrane protein A, lipopolysaccharide-, O- antigen-, or cell wall-related genes) as well as genes not previously linked to phage resistance, including two hypothetical genes. In several strains, we did not detect any genetic changes. Infecting phages were not able to overcome the phage resistance in host strains. However, interestingly the initial infection was shown to have a great fitness cost for several mutant strains, with up to ∼65% decrease in overall growth. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the phage-host interaction and phage resistance in APEC. Although acquired resistance to phages is frequently observed in pathogenic E. coli, it may be associated with loss of fitness, which could be exploited in phage therapy.
The Regulatory Network of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway in Viral Evasion
Authors: Hu Tongyu , Pan Mingyu , Yin Yue , Wang Chen , Cui Ye , Wang Quanyi
Published: December 2021

Virus infection has been consistently threatening public health. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a critical defender to sense various pathogens and trigger innate immunity of mammalian cells. cGAS recognizes the pathogenic DNA in the cytosol and then synthesizes 2′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′cGAMP). As the second messenger, cGAMP activates STING and induces the following cascade to produce type I interferon (IFN-I) to protect against infections. However, viruses have evolved numerous strategies to hinder the cGAS-STING signal transduction, promoting their immune evasion. Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments.
Energy at Origins: Favorable Thermodynamics of Biosynthetic Reactions in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)
Authors: Wimmer Jessica L. E. , Xavier Joana C. , Vieira Andrey d. N. , Pereira Delfina P. H. , Leidner Jacqueline , Sousa Filipa L. , Kleinermanns Karl , Preiner Martina , Martin William F.
Published: December 2021

Though all theories for the origin of life require a source of energy to promote primordial chemical reactions, the nature of energy that drove the emergence of metabolism at origins is still debated. We reasoned that evidence for the nature of energy at origins should be preserved in the biochemical reactions of life itself, whereby changes in free energy, ΔG, which determine whether a reaction can go forward or not, should help specify the source. By calculating values of ΔG across the conserved and universal core of 402 individual reactions that synthesize amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors from H2, CO2, NH3, H2S and phosphate in modern cells, we find that 95–97% of these reactions are exergonic (ΔG ≤ 0 kJ⋅mol−1) at pH 7-10 and 80-100°C under nonequilibrium conditions with H2 replacing biochemical reductants. While 23% of the core’s reactions involve ATP hydrolysis, 77% are ATP-independent, thermodynamically driven by ΔG of reactions involving carbon bonds. We identified 174 reactions that are exergonic by –20 to –300 kJ⋅mol−1 at pH 9 and 80°C and that fall into ten reaction types: six pterin dependent alkyl or acyl transfers, ten S-adenosylmethionine dependent alkyl transfers, four acyl phosphate hydrolyses, 14 thioester hydrolyses, 30 decarboxylations, 35 ring closure reactions, 31 aromatic ring formations, and 44 carbon reductions by reduced nicotinamide, flavins, ferredoxin, or formate. The 402 reactions of the biosynthetic core trace to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), and reveal that synthesis of LUCA’s chemical constituents required no external energy inputs such as electric discharge, UV-light or phosphide minerals. The biosynthetic reactions of LUCA uncover a natural thermodynamic tendency of metabolism to unfold from energy released by reactions of H2, CO2, NH3, H2S, and phosphate.
Plant Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Tool for Topic Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Santos-Silva Carlos André dos , Tricarico Paola Maura , Vilela Lívia Maria Batista , Roldan-Filho Ricardo Salas , Amador Vinícius Costa , d’Adamo Adamo Pio , Rêgo Mireli de Santana , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria , Crovella Sergio
Published: December 2021

Among chronic skin autoinflammatory diseases, Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) stands out for its chronicity, highly variable condition, and profound impact on the patients’ quality of life. HS is characterized by suppurative skin lesions in diverse body areas, including deep-seated painful nodules, abscesses, draining sinus, and bridged scars, among others, with typical topography. To date, HS is considered a refractory disease and medical treatments aim to reduce the incidence, the infection, and the pain of the lesions. For this purpose, different classes of drugs, including anti-inflammatory molecules, antibiotics and biological drugs are being used. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called defense peptides, emerge as a new class of therapeutic compounds, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, in addition to reports on their anti-inflammatory, healing, and immunomodulating activity. Such peptides are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as part of the innate eukaryotic immune system. It has been proposed that a deregulation in the expression of AMPs in human epithelial tissues of HS patients may be associated with the etiology of this skin disease. In this scenario, plant AMPs stand out for their richness, diversity of types, and broad antimicrobial effects, with potential application for topical systemic use in patients affected by HS.