bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gallionellaceae in rice root plaque: metabolic roles in iron oxidation, nutrient cycling, and plant interactions
Authors: Chan Clara S. , Dykes Gretchen E. , Hoover Rene L. , Limmer Matt A. , Seyfferth Angelia L.
Published: November 2023

On the roots of wetland plants such as rice, Fe(II) oxidation forms Fe(III) oxyhydroxide-rich plaques that modulate plant nutrient and metal uptake. The microbial roles in catalyzing this oxidation have been debated and it is unclear if these iron-oxidizers mediate other important biogeochemical and plant interactions. To investigate this, we studied the microbial communities, metagenomes, and geochemistry of iron plaque on field-grown rice, plus the surrounding rhizosphere and bulk soil. Plaque iron content (per mass root) increased over the growing season, showing continuous deposition. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed abundant Fe(II)-oxidizing and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeOB and FeRB) in plaque, rhizosphere, and bulk soil. FeOB were enriched in relative abundance in plaque, suggesting FeOB affinity for the root surface. Gallionellaceae FeOB
Sideroxydans
were enriched during vegetative and early reproductive rice growth stages, while a
Gallionella
was enriched during reproduction through grain maturity, suggesting distinct FeOB niches over the rice life cycle. FeRB
Anaeromyxobacter
and
Geobacter
increased in plaque later, during reproduction and grain ripening, corresponding to increased plaque iron. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that Gallionellaceae may grow mixotrophically using both Fe(II) and organics. The
Sideroxydans
are facultative, able to use non-Fe substrates, which may allow colonization of rice roots early in the season. FeOB genomes suggest adaptations for interacting with plants, including colonization, plant immunity defense, utilization of plant organics, and nitrogen fixation. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that rhizoplane and rhizosphere FeOB can specifically associate with rice roots, catalyzing iron plaque formation, with the potential to contribute to plant growth.

IMPORTANCE

In waterlogged soils, iron plaque forms a reactive barrier between the root and soil, collecting phosphate and metals such as arsenic and cadmium. It is well established that iron-reducing bacteria solubilize iron, releasing these associated elements. In contrast, microbial roles in plaque formation have not been clear. Here, we show that there is a substantial population of iron oxidizers in plaque, and furthermore, that these organisms (
Sideroxydans
and
Gallionella
) are distinguished by genes for plant colonization and nutrient fixation. Our results suggest that iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria form and remodel iron plaque, making it a dynamic system that represents both a temporary sink for elements (P, As, Cd, C, etc.) as well as a source. In contrast to abiotic iron oxidation, microbial iron oxidation results in coupled Fe-C-N cycling, as well as microbe-microbe and microbe-plant ecological interactions that need to be considered in soil biogeochemistry, ecosystem dynamics, and crop management.
Yeast recombinational cloning for heterologous biosynthesis of polyketides: a molecular microbiology laboratory module for undergraduate students
Authors: Bejenari Mihaela , Nielsen Line , Spedtsberg Eva Mie Lang , Nielsen Mikkel Rank , Pedersen Tobias Bruun , Sørensen Jens Laurids
Published: November 2023

Recombinant plasmids are essential tools in molecular biotechnology, and reliable plasmid assembly methods have, therefore, become a prerequisite for the successful cloning and transfer of genes. Among the multitude of available plasmid assembly strategies,
in vivo
homologous recombinational cloning in yeast has emerged as a cost-effective and relatively simple method. Since we use this method routinely in our group for assembling large plasmids with secondary metabolite gene clusters and for direct heterologous production of polyketides in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, we developed an exercise module for undergraduate students where they would get hands-on experience with these molecular practices. The exercises target several molecular techniques, including PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, and yeast recombinational cloning. The students will learn about plasmid assembly and yeast transformation methods by performing these experiments while inherently acquiring new skills valuable for their subsequent laboratory work or projects.
The role of lysosomes as intermediates in betacoronavirus PHEV egress from nerve cells
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , He Wenqi , Li Caili , Chen Yuzhu , Li Zi , Jiao Yubo , Zhang Jing , Shi Junchao , Wang Gaili , Guan Jiyu , Zhao Kui , Song Deguang , Gao Feng , Lan Yungang
Published: November 2023

The traditional view that betacoronaviruses exit occurs
via
the constitutive secretory route has recently been questioned by studies suggesting that this process involves lysosomal exocytosis. Here, we demonstrated that porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, traffics to lysosomes prior to engaging in Arl8b-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. Notably, PHEV induces active or passive lysosomal acidification and activates lysosomal degradative enzymes. PHEV release depends on vacuolar H
+
-ATPase-mediated lysosomal acidification. In addition, PHEV transmission and PHEV-induced brain damage in the central nervous system can be blocked by the Rab7 GTPase competitive inhibitor CID1067700. Taken together, lysosome plays a critical role in PHEV egress
in vitro
and
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE

Betacoronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), exploit the lysosomal exocytosis pathway for egress. However, whether all betacoronaviruses members use the same pathway to exit cells remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) egress occurs by Arl8b-dependent lysosomal exocytosis, a cellular egress mechanism shared by SARS-CoV-2 and MHV. Notably, PHEV acidifies lysosomes and activates lysosomal degradative enzymes, while SARS-CoV-2 and MHV deacidify lysosomes and limit the activation of lysosomal degradative enzymes. In addition, PHEV release depends on V-ATPase-mediated lysosomal pH. Furthermore, this is the first study to evaluate βCoV using lysosome for spreading through the body, and we have found that lysosome played a critical role in PHEV neural transmission and brain damage caused by virus infection in the central nervous system. Taken together, different betacoronaviruses could disrupt lysosomal function differently to exit cells.
Effects of orbital decompression on duction, cyclotorsion and diplopia
Authors: Jellema Hinke Marijke , Althaus Martina , Merckel-Timmer Elly , Hartong Dyonne T , Kloos Roel , Saeed Peerooz
Published: November 2023

Background

Orbital decompression is commonly performed to correct proptosis in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). In literature, the incidence of new-onset constant diplopia after orbital decompression varies. Few studies have evaluated changes in duction and cyclodeviation after orbital decompression. We evaluated the changes in duction, cyclodeviation, eye position and degree of diplopia after orbital decompression.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed data from patients who underwent orbital decompression at our hospital between January 2016 and July 2020. Data regarding the type of decompression, eye position, duction, cyclodeviation and level of diplopia according to the Gorman score were recorded.

Results

Data from 281 eyes/orbits of 156 patients were analysed. Proptosis decreased from 23.8±2.5 to 20.9±2.5 mm. Horizontal and vertical duction range decreased (horizontal d=0.40 and vertical 0.30; p=0.000) after surgery; however, the change was not clinically significant (≤5°). Horizontal deviation changed towards esodeviation (d=−0.45; p=0.000), whereas vertical deviation remained stable (d=0.15; p=0.161). Preoperative cyclotorsion in the primary and downgaze positions changed towards incyclodeviation (primary: d=0.30, p=0.021; downgaze d=0.30, p=0.039). Diplopia improved in 22% (18 patients), whereas new-onset constant diplopia developed in 11% (12 patients). Elevation has an excellent predictive value of causing new-onset constant diplopia when measured preoperatively as <19°, sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 41.7% (area under the curve 0.812 (95% CI 0.660 to 0.963); p=0.000).

Conclusion

After orbital decompression, incidence of new-onset constant diplopia was 11% and 22% of the patients had partial or complete improvement of their diplopia. The changes in duction, cyclodeviation and horizontal deviation showed a statistical but not clinical difference. Patients with GO and a preoperatively restricted elevation of <19° are at risk of developing new-onset constant diplopia. In addition, preoperative incyclodeviation may worsen after decompression surgery.
Use of loop diuretics in patients with chronic heart failure: an observational overview
Authors: Scholte Niels TB , Aydin Dilan , Linssen Gerard CM , Koudstaal Stefan , Rademaker Philip C , Geerlings Peter R , van Gent Marco WF , Aksoy Ismail , Oosterom Liane , Boersma Eric , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Brugts Jasper J
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the use and dose of loop diuretics (LDs) across the entire ejection fraction (EF) spectrum in a large, ‘real-world’ cohort of chronic heart failure (HF) patients.

Methods

A total of 10 366 patients with chronic HF from 34 Dutch outpatient HF clinics were analysed regarding diuretic use and diuretic dose. Data regarding daily diuretic dose were stratified by furosemide dose equivalent (FDE)>80 mg or ≤80 mg. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between diuretic dose and clinical features.

Results

In this cohort, 8512 (82.1%) patients used diuretics, of which 8179 (96.1%) used LDs. LD use was highest among HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) patients (81.1%) followed by HF with mild-reduced EF (76.1%) and HF with preserved ejection fraction EF (73.8%, p<0.001). Among all LDs users, the median FDE was 40 mg (IQR: 40–80). The results of the multivariable analysis showed that New York Heart Association classes III and IV and diabetes mellitus were one of the strongest determinants of an FDE >80 mg, across all HF categories. Renal impairment was associated with a higher FDE across the entire EF spectrum.

Conclusion

In this large registry of real-world HF patients, LD use was highest among HFrEF patients. Advanced symptoms, diabetes mellitus and worse renal function were significantly associated with a higher diuretic dose regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Connecting community-based monitoring to Arctic environmental decision-making and governance: A systematic scoping review of the literature
Authors: Wilson Nicole J. , Worden Elizabeth , O'Hanlon Grace
Published: November 2023

Arctic community-based monitoring (CBM) programs have proliferated in recent decades. While the desire to influence decision-making is frequently listed as a motivation for CBM, there is a dearth of literature examining whether and how this goal is achieved in the Arctic. We draw on a systematic scoping literature review to examine the current state of the literature on Arctic CBM and environmental decision-making. Relevant articles ( n = 27) were identified through inclusion/exclusion criteria (i.e., English language, peer reviewed, published between 1991 and 2021, and based on primary research) and analyzed using a data extraction questionnaire. We find that there is a growing focus on the relationship between Arctic CBM and decision-making in a range of decision contexts, most notably including co-management institutions. We note that less attention was paid to the potential effects of the often unequal, settler-colonial politics within the broader environmental governance system on the relationship between CBM and decision-making. Indigenous peoples and Indigenous Knowledge systems play a significant role within the included references, but less than half of the included references incorporated Indigenous governance concepts to a major extent. Based on our findings, we recommend future studies engage critical analysis of the influence of the governance and politics in the Arctic (1) on environmental decision-making; (2) the politics of knowledge; and (3) the use of digital technologies in the collection, storage, and mobilization of CBM data.
Nonlinear modelling parameters for performance-based seismic evaluation of existing wood light-frame buildings in Canada
Authors: Doudak Ghasan , Bérubé Antoine , Morshedi Esmaeil , Fathi-Fazl Reza , Fazileh Farrokh , Cai Zhen
Published: November 2023

The mechanical behaviour of wood light-frame shearwalls is difficult to explain unless system-level performance is taken into account. Although the behaviour of wood light-frame shearwalls with wood structural panels is consistent with and represented by the behaviour of the panel to framing nail joints, comprehensive seismic evaluation guidelines for Canadian practice are currently lacking. This study presents a critical review of the available literature on the performance-based seismic evaluation of wood light-frame buildings through nonlinear analysis approach. To verify the applicability of these standards in Canada, the procedure outlined in these documents is compared to available experimental testing. Nonlinear pushover analysis is performed on two representative wood light-frame buildings in Montréal and Vancouver. Results are compared, and further discussion is provided on the adequacy of each document to Canadian practice.
On soliton solutions, periodic wave solutions, asymptotic analysis and interaction phenomena of the (3+1)-dimensional JM equation
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Manafian Jalil , Alkader N. A. , Eslami Baharak
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the M-lump solutions, the periodic type, and cross-kink wave solutions are acquired. Here, the Hirota bilinear operator is employed. By utilizing the symbolic computation and employing the utilized method, the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa (JM) equation is investigated. Based on the Hirota bilinear form, the soliton solution and periodic wave solution to the mentioned equation, respectively, are obtained. We gained plenty of multiple collisions of lumps. Next, the periodic wave and cross-kink wave have greatly enriched the existing literature on the JM equation. Through the three-dimensional designs, contour design, density design, and two-dimensional design by using Maple, the physical features of these soliton solutions are explained all right. The forms of the attained solutions are one-lump, two-lumps, and three-lumps wave solutions. Then, a class of rogue waves-type solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional JM equation within the frame of the bilinear equation is found. These results can help us better understand interesting physical phenomena and mechanisms.
Nonlinear parametric generation in a four-level inverted-type quantum well nanostructure
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Eslami Mohammad , Javanmard Mehdi
Published: November 2023

In this study, we introduce an innovative semiconductor quantum well (SQW) nanostructure, which exhibits a unique four-level configuration arranged in an inverted Y-shape. This configuration enables interaction with three laser fields and demonstrates the intriguing nonlinear phenomenon of parametric generation. Our investigation delves into a wide range of parametric conditions, aiming to understand the profound impact of various system parameters on the generation and propagation of new light fields within this groundbreaking nanostructure. By employing a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we not only reveal the potential for precise manipulation of coherence among energy levels but also showcase its practical implications — high-efficiency and tunability in the parametric generation process. This pioneering scheme represents a significant advancement in the field of SQW structures, bridging the gap between theoretical exploration and practical application. Our findings promise exciting prospects for the development of novel light sources and optical devices based on SQW structures, thereby pushing the boundaries of what is achievable in various applications and setting new standards for the state-of-the-art in this domain.
iStar Goal Model to Z Formal Model Translation and Model Checking of CBTC Moving Block Interlocking System
Authors: Kadakolmath Lokanna , Ramu Umesh D.
Published: November 2023

The reliability and safety of complex software systems are provided by extracting safety requirements from regulations and operational environments and later specifying these requirements precisely. At the early stage, these extracted safety requirements are informal. Typically, they cope with non-functional requirements. Analysis of early requirements using traditional methods is inadequate because these methods only focus on the WHAT dimension but do not address the WHY dimension of requirements engineering. In this article, we are using a goal-oriented modeling method called iStar to confront these issues. To ensure that the software system developed fulfills the requirements specified in the early phase, it is necessary to integrate early-phase requirements with late-phase requirements. To accomplish this task, in this article, we use the Z formal method to integrate early-phase requirements with late-phase requirements. This integration synergistically resolves the above issues. As a case study, we use the CBTC moving block interlocking system to illustrate the synergy of the iStar and Z combination on complex software systems. Finally, we verify the developed formal model against LTL safety properties using the ProZ model checking tool.
A Comparative Study of Different Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Arabic Machine Translation
Authors: Bensalah Nouhaila , Ayad Habib , Adib Abdellah , Ibn El Farouk Abdelhamid
Published: November 2023

Word embeddings are widely deployed in a tremendous range of fundamental natural language processing applications and are also useful for generating representations of paragraphs, sentences, and documents. In some contexts involving constrained memory, it may be beneficial to reduce the size of word embeddings since they represent a core component of several natural language processing tasks. By reducing the dimensionality of word embeddings, their usefulness in memory-limited devices can be significantly improved, yielding gains in many real-world applications. This article aims to provide a comparative study of different dimensionality reduction techniques to generate efficient lower-dimensional word vectors. Based on empirical experiments carried out on the Arabic machine translation task, we found that the post-processing algorithm combined with independent component analysis provides optimal performance over the considered dimensionality reduction techniques. Therefore, we arrive at a new combination of the post-processing algorithm and dimensionality reduction (independent component analysis) techniques, which has not been investigated before. The latter was applied to both contextual and non-contextual word embeddings to reduce the size of the vectors while achieving a better translation quality than the original ones.
Transform-Equivariant Consistency Learning for Temporal Sentence Grounding
Authors: Liu Daizong , Qu Xiaoye , Dong Jianfeng , Zhou Pan , Xu Zichuan , Wang Haozhao , Di Xing , Lu Weining , Cheng Yu
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the temporal sentence grounding (TSG). Although existing methods have made decent achievements in this task, they not only severely rely on abundant video-query paired data for training, but also easily fail into the dataset distribution bias. To alleviate these limitations, we introduce a novel Equivariant Consistency Regulation Learning (ECRL) framework to learn more discriminative query-related frame-wise representations for each video, in a self-supervised manner. Our motivation comes from that the temporal boundary of the query-guided activity should be consistently predicted under various video-level transformations. Concretely, we first design a series of spatio-temporal augmentations on both foreground and background video segments to generate a set of synthetic video samples. In particular, we devise a self-refine module to enhance the completeness and smoothness of the augmented video. Then, we present a novel self-supervised consistency loss (SSCL) applied on the original and augmented videos to capture their invariant query-related semantic by minimizing the KL-divergence between the sequence similarity of two videos and a prior Gaussian distribution of timestamp distance. At last, a shared grounding head is introduced to predict the transform-equivariant query-guided segment boundaries for both the original and augmented videos. Extensive experiments on three challenging datasets (ActivityNet, TACoS, and Charades-STA) demonstrate both effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed ECRL framework.
Mitochondrial influences on smooth muscle phenotype
Authors: Pearce William J.
Published: November 2023

Smooth muscle cells transition reversibly between contractile and noncontractile phenotypes in response to diverse influences, including many from mitochondria. Numerous molecules including myocardin, procontractile miRNAs, and the mitochondrial protein prohibitin-2 promote contractile differentiation; this is opposed by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), high lactate concentrations, and metabolic reprogramming induced by mitophagy and/or mitochondrial fission. A major pathway through which vascular pathologies such as oncogenic transformation, pulmonary hypertension, and atherosclerosis cause loss of vascular contractility is by enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial fission with secondary effects on smooth muscle phenotype. Proproliferative miRNAs and the mitochondrial translocase TOMM40 also attenuate contractile differentiation. Hypoxia can initiate loss of contractility by enhancing mtROS and lactate production while simultaneously depressing mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria can reduce cytosolic calcium by moving it across the inner mitochondrial membrane via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and then through mitochondria-associated membranes to and from calcium stores in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. Through these effects on calcium, mitochondria can influence multiple calcium-sensitive nuclear transcription factors and genes, some of which govern smooth muscle phenotype, and possibly also the production of genomically encoded mitochondrial proteins and miRNAs (mitoMirs) that target the mitochondria. In turn, mitochondria also can influence nuclear transcription and mRNA processing through mitochondrial retrograde signaling, which is currently a topic of intensive investigation. Mitochondria also can signal to adjacent cells by contributing to the content of exosomes. Considering these and other mechanisms, it is becoming increasingly clear that mitochondria contribute significantly to the regulation of smooth muscle phenotype and differentiation.
Differences in the range of thermoneutral zone between mouse strains: potential effects on translational research
Authors: Gębczyński Andrzej K. , Sadowska Julita , Konarzewski Marek
Published: November 2023

Laboratory mice are commonly used for studies emulating human metabolism. To render human energetics, their ratio of daily (DEE) to basal (BMR) energy expenditure of 1.7–1.8 should be maintained. However, the DEE/BMR ratio strongly depends on whether a given study using a mouse model is carried out above, or below the lower critical temperature (LCT) of the thermoneutral zone, which is rarely considered in translational research. Here, we used mice artificially selected for high or low rates of BMR along with literature data to analyze the effect of ambient temperature on possible systematic bias in DEE/BMR. We demonstrated that the estimated LCTs of mice from the high and low BMR lines differ by more than 7°C. Furthermore, the range of variation of LCTs of mouse strains used in translational research spans from 23 to 33°C. Differences between LCTs in our selected mice and other mouse strains are mirrored by differences in their DEE-to-BMR ratio, on average increasing it at the rate of 0.172°C−1 at temperatures below LCT. Given the wide range of LCTs in different mouse strains, we conclude that the energetic cost of thermoregulation may differ greatly for different mouse strains with a potentially large impact on translational outcomes. Thus, the LCT of a given mouse strain is an important factor that must be considered in designing translational studies.
Recent Progress in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Application for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Abu Owida Hamza , Alnaimat Feras
Published: November 2023

Bone defects have recently surfaced as an important topic to discuss in orthopedic clinics, and as a result, they have captured the attention of the biomedical community as well as the general public. Because of their unique characteristics, such as high water content, softness, flexibility, and biocompatibility, hydrogels are gaining more and more traction in the field of tissue regeneration research within the medical industry. Intelligent biomaterials, like hydrogels, are much better than their predecessors because they can respond to new stimuli on multiple levels, such as the physical, chemical, and biological. Because they are sensitive to different outside cues, like shape in three dimensions and conditions between solid and liquid phases, they show certain traits. This indicates that they have the capability of developing into a more efficient material in the future, which would make them better suited to facilitate the localized repair of bone lesions. This article takes a look at hydrogels that alter their shape in response to the environment they are in. Some of the topics covered in this article include the classification of these materials, the concepts that underlie their synthesis, and the current state of research in this potentially fruitful field. This research was conducted with the intention of finding novel ways to treat severe bone defects.
The Novel Ulnar Nerve Coverage Method Which Has the Potential to Prevent the Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy after Plate Fixation of Distal Humerus Fractures: Three Case Reports
Authors: Shibayama Hiroki , Yamaga Shintaro , Sugawara Yutaro , Asano Tsuyoshi , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Postoperative ulnar neuropathy is still an unresolved complication in patients undergoing plate fixation of distal humerus fractures. We hypothesized that decreased blood flow to the ulnar nerve due to intraoperative procedures is an important factor in the development of postoperative ulnar neuropathy. We herein report three cases of distal humerus fractures in which the soft tissues surrounding the ulnar nerve were preserved as much as possible and finally not transferred anteriorly. Case Presentation. A 76-year-old woman, 82-year-old woman, and 34-year-old woman underwent plate fixation for distal humerus fractures. None of the patients developed postoperative ulnar neuropathy, and there were no complaints of numbness after postoperative day 1. Nerve conduction studies were performed after 3 months postoperatively and revealed that the motor nerve conduction velocities and compound motor nerve action potentials of the ulnar nerve in two of the three patients were higher than those of the noninjured side. In one of the three patients, these values were slightly lower than those of the noninjured side. All three patients achieved bony union after several months postoperatively. Conclusions. We obtained good outcomes with the ulnar nerve coverage method for preventing postoperative ulnar neuropathy in patients with distal humerus fractures. Preservation of blood flow to the ulnar nerve was considered important, and anatomical repositioning of the ulnar nerve after plate fixation has the potential to prevent adhesion between the ulnar nerve and the plate.
Enhancing Emergency Nurses’ Disaster Nursing Ability and Psychological Resilience: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lan Lin , Zhou Meichi , Wang Ling , Chen Xiaoli , Dai Min , Zhang Jianna
Published: November 2023

Objective. This study aimed to investigate emergency nurses’ disaster nursing ability and psychological resilience, validate the effectiveness of a training system for disaster nursing ability based on psychological resilience, and verify the relationship between psychological resilience and disaster nursing ability among emergency nurses. Methods. A training system was developed to enhance psychological resilience and disaster nursing ability. A multicenter, randomized controlled experiment was conducted in five Grade III hospitals in Sichuan Province. A total of 93 emergency nurses were randomly assigned to the following three groups: the blank group, intervention group, and control group. The corresponding interventions were as follows: no intervention, psychological resilience, and nurses’ disaster nursing ability training. Personal information forms, the Connor–Davidson Resiliency Scale, and the Nurses’ Disaster Nursing Ability Assessment Scale were used in the survey. Results. There was no significant difference in the scores of psychological resilience and disaster nursing ability in the blank group in the pretest and posttest (

P
>
0.05

). The disaster nursing ability of both the intervention and control groups significantly improved in the posttest (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement in psychological resilience in the posttest (

P
<
0.05

). However, there was no statistical difference in psychological resilience scores in the control group in the pretest and posttest (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. The study concluded that the psychological resilience and disaster nursing ability of emergency nurses could be enhanced through the implemented training system.
Developing Control Strategy for PV‐Based Distributed Generator for Enhancing Frequency Regulation of Microgrid
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Minh Vu , Le Trong Nghia
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)‐based distributed generator (DG) to enhance the frequency regulation of a microgrid. A microgrid is a small‐scale power system that integrates distributed energy sources and interconnected loads, which can operate independently or in parallel with the main grid. However, the high integration of DGs poses stability problems, particularly the frequency regulation under contingencies in the microgrid. For example, the shutdown of one generating unit or the reduction of system inertia owing to the high integration of converter‐based DGs will increase the risk of instability of the microgrid and the main grid. Therefore, maintaining and increasing the frequency regulation capability is crucial in microgrid operation. This paper focuses on developing a controller for PV DG based on virtual inertia control combined with the conventional control method of a converter in order to regulate the microgrid frequency under contingency. The proposed control strategy for a PV‐based DG is then verified through simulation of the 14‐bus microgrid model using MATLAB/Simulink, showing regulation in frequency under island mode operation of the microgrid. In addition, comparisons between the original and proposed control strategy microgrid model are then carried out.
Automated Detection of the Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Using Deep Learning and Plain Radiographs
Authors: Ito Sadayuki , Nakashima Hiroaki , Segi Naoki , Ouchida Jun , Oda Masahiro , Yamauchi Ippei , Oishi Ryotaro , Miyairi Yuichi , Mori Kensaku , Imagama Shiro
Published: November 2023

Ossification of the ligaments progresses slowly in the initial stages, and most patients are unaware of the disease until obvious myelopathy symptoms appear. Consequently, treatment and clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. This study is aimed at developing an automated system for the detection of the thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using deep learning and plain radiography. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 146 patients with thoracic OPLL and 150 control cases without thoracic OPLL. Plain lateral thoracic radiographs were used for object detection, training, and validation. Thereafter, an object detection system was developed, and its accuracy was calculated. The performance of the proposed system was compared with that of two spine surgeons. The accuracy of the proposed object detection model based on plain lateral thoracic radiographs was 83.4%, whereas the accuracies of spine surgeons 1 and 2 were 80.4% and 77.4%, respectively. Our findings indicate that our automated system, which uses a deep learning‐based method based on plain radiographs, can accurately detect thoracic OPLL. This system has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic OPLL.
Monkeypox Presenting with Blepharoconjunctivitis
Authors: Bloom Jeffrey , Parise Michael , Saeed Omar , Holicki Cameron , Mihok Brian
Published: November 2023

A 38-year-old male with recently diagnosed HIV and gonorrhea presented with umbilicated facial lesions and blepharoconjunctivitis of the right eye. Polymerase chain reaction test was performed of the skin were positive for Monkeypox (MPX). The patients’ ocular symptoms improved with acyclovir, azithromycin, gemifloxacin, and tecovirimat after 3 weeks of treatment. The incidence of MPX has been on the rise in 2022, and this case represents a unique presentation and an addition to the pool of data pertinent to diagnosis and treatment of MPX and its ocular manifestations. Due to the MPX reemergence, it is imperative for ophthalmologists to keep MPX on the differential for patients presenting with blepharoconjunctivitis.
Challenges and Pragmatic Solutions for Assessing the Reliability of HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Demosthenes John Paul , Ghale Ben Chirag , Alex Diviya , Ramalingam Veena Vadhini , Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Abraham Priya , Kannangai Rajesh
Published: November 2023

Introduction: HIV-1 RNA detection is the most reliable method for monitoring treatment response among people living with HIV. Effective quality control measures that include internal quality control (IQC) are challenging in resource-constrained settings. Methods: We ascertained the utility of the kit low positive control (LPC) as an effective IQC to monitor the reliability of the HIV-1 viral load assay. Variations in LPC values were measured for 390 different runs over 10 years (2011–2021) and compared to in-house IQC data using Levey-Jennings control chart. Results: Overall, the Levey-Jennings analysis showed minimal variation (±0.5 log) for both the LPC and IQC data. The mean LPC value for first 20 runs (20 days) was 2.91. The mean LPC value for the 390 runs comprising 35 different lots was 3.01 ± 0.1 log. Conclusion: Our decadal data reveal that Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (Abbott Molecular Inc., IL, USA) LPC exhibited no significant biological variation over 390 runs distributed over 10 years. Hence, assay LPC can supplant the IQC for monitoring assay trends as a stable and commutable material in resource-constrained settings.
The Effects of Age and Reading Experience on the Lifespan Neurodevelopment for Reading Comprehension
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Zhang Lihuan , Yu Saiwen , Bai Zilin , Qi Ting , Mao Hengyu , Zhen Zonglei , Dong Qi , Liu Li
Published: November 2023

Reading comprehension is a vital cognitive skill that individuals use throughout their lives. The neurodevelopment of reading comprehension across the lifespan, however, remains underresearched. Furthermore, factors such as maturation and experience significantly influence functional brain development. Given the complexity of reading comprehension, which incorporates lower-level word reading process and higher-level semantic integration process, our study aims to investigate how age and reading experience influence the neurobiology underpinning these two processes across the lifespan. fMRI data of 158 participants aged from 7 to 77 years were collected during a passive word viewing task and a sentence comprehension task to engage the lower- and higher-level processes, respectively. We found that the neurodevelopment of the lower-level process was primarily influenced by age, showing increased activation and connectivity with age in parieto-occipital and middle/inferior frontal lobes related to morphological-semantic mapping while decreased activation in the temporoparietal regions linked to phonological processing. However, the brain function of the higher-level process was primarily influenced by reading experience, exhibiting a greater reliance on the frontotemporal semantic network with enhanced sentence-level reading performance. Furthermore, reading experience did not significantly affect the brain function of children, but had a positive effect on young adults in the lower-level process and on middle-aged and older adults in the higher-level process. These findings indicate that the brain function for lower- and higher-level processes of reading comprehension is differently affected by maturation and reading experience, and the experience effect is contingent on age regarding the two processes.
Superior Attentional Efficiency of Auditory Cue via the Ventral Auditory-thalamic Pathway
Authors: Wang Ke , Fang Ying , Guo Qiang , Shen Lu , Chen Qi
Published: November 2023

Auditory commands are often executed more efficiently than visual commands. However, empirical evidence on the underlying behavioral and neural mechanisms remains scarce. In two experiments, we manipulated the delivery modality of informative cues and the prediction violation effect and found consistently enhanced RT benefits for the matched auditory cues compared with the matched visual cues. At the neural level, when the bottom–up perceptual input matched the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the auditory-thalamic pathway was significantly activated. Moreover, the stronger the auditory-thalamic connectivity, the higher the behavioral benefits of the matched auditory cue. When the bottom–up input violated the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the ventral auditory pathway was specifically involved. Moreover, the stronger the ventral auditory-prefrontal connectivity, the larger the behavioral costs caused by the violation of the auditory cue. In addition, the dorsal frontoparietal network showed a supramodal function in reacting to the violation of informative cues irrespective of the delivery modality of the cue. Taken together, the results reveal novel behavioral and neural evidence that the superior efficiency of the auditory cue is twofold: The auditory-thalamic pathway is associated with improvements in task performance when the bottom–up input matches the auditory cue, whereas the ventral auditory-prefrontal pathway is involved when the auditory cue is violated.
Multi
3
WOZ: A Multilingual, Multi-Domain, Multi-Parallel Dataset for Training and Evaluating Culturally Adapted Task-Oriented Dialog Systems
Authors: Hu Songbo , Zhou Han , Hergul Mete , Gritta Milan , Zhang Guchun , Iacobacci Ignacio , Vulić Ivan , Korhonen Anna
Published: November 2023

Creating high-quality annotated data for task-oriented dialog (ToD) is known to be notoriously difficult, and the challenges are amplified when the goal is to create equitable, culturally adapted, and large-scale ToD datasets for multiple languages. Therefore, the current datasets are still very scarce and suffer from limitations such as translation-based non-native dialogs with translation artefacts, small scale, or lack of cultural adaptation, among others. In this work, we first take stock of the current landscape of multilingual ToD datasets, offering a systematic overview of their properties and limitations. Aiming to reduce all the detected limitations, we then introduce Multi3WOZ, a novel multilingual, multi-domain, multi-parallel ToD dataset. It is large-scale and offers culturally adapted dialogs in 4 languages to enable training and evaluation of multilingual and cross-lingual ToD systems. We describe a complex bottom–up data collection process that yielded the final dataset, and offer the first sets of baseline scores across different ToD-related tasks for future reference, also highlighting its challenging nature.
Two new species of the fallax-pezizoides complex in Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) from Yunnan, China
Authors: BAO SHU-XIN , LI YING , ZHOU DE-QUN , THONGKLANG NARITSADA , YU FENG-MING , ZHAO QI
Published: November 2023

During the investigation of Helvella in Yunnan, China, four saddle-like specimens were collected and studied. Through a comprehensive analysis of both morphological traits and phylogenetic data from LSU and hsp90 sequences, the four collections were identified and are described as two new species, i.e., Helvella liquii and H. pseudoatra. Helvella liquii stands out with its distinctive features, including the fusion of the pileus margin with the stipe, a slightly rugose coffee blackish surface on the receptacle, and relatively broad apex of the paraphyses. Helvella pseudoatra is characterized by a pubescent receptacle surface that exhibits shaded or dark grey to greyish brown. Additionally, the upwardly white to brown stipe with a basally white to greyish color further distinguishes this species. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these newly discovered taxa, detailed descriptions and illustrations of both Helvella liquii and H. pseudoatra species are accurately documented.
The Impact of Partner Organizational Structure on Innovation
Authors: Balachandran Sarath , Eklund John
Published: November 2023

Interorganizational partnerships can spur innovation, but their value may be diminished by friction in knowledge flows between firms. We consider how a partner’s organizational structure may influence the knowledge that is accessible via partnerships. We focus on how a partner’s structure trades off localized autonomy for its managers, which facilitates timelier decision making, and unified control, which facilitates integration. By shaping this balance, centralization of decision rights within the partner organization shapes access to its knowledge. Centralized structures generate wide-ranging internal knowledge pathways that enable access to a broader array of a partner’s knowledge. However, the reduced managerial autonomy afforded by centralization makes decision making more cumbersome, which constricts the rate of access to a partner’s knowledge. We find evidence of this tradeoff in the context of corporate venture capital relationships between incumbents and startups in the pharmaceutical industry. An increase in the incumbent’s diversity of knowledge or in the knowledge required by the startup enhances the value of a greater breadth of access, whereas the degree to which the startup can leverage social ties (affinity) or hierarchical fiat (authority) alleviates the costs of a reduced access rate. Each of these features makes an incumbent organization’s centralization more valuable to the startup. By highlighting this tension related to centralization, our findings suggest that new firms striving to maximize their partnership benefits may need to carefully consider their partners’ internal structures.
Dynamic Multivariate Outlier Detection Algorithm Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy for Monitoring Surface Water Contamination With Hydrological Fluctuation in Real-Time
Authors: Li Qingbo , Shao Xupeng , Cui Houxin , Wei Yuan , Shang Yongchang
Published: November 2023

The contamination of surface water is of great harm. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is an effective method to detect water contamination. However, surface water quality is influenced by hydrological fluctuation caused by rain, change of flow, etc., leading to changes of spectral characteristics over time. In the process of contamination detection, such changes cause confusion between hydrological fluctuation spectra and contaminated water spectra, thus increasing the false alarm rate. Besides, missing alarms of contaminated water is a common problem when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. In this paper, a dynamic multivariable outlier sampling rate detection (DM-SRD) algorithm is proposed. A dynamic updating strategy is introduced to increase adaptability to hydrological fluctuation. Additionally, multiple outlier variables are adopted as outlying degree indicators, which increases the accuracy of contamination detection. Two experiments were carried out using spectra collected from real surface water sites and hydrological fluctuation was constructed. To verify the effectiveness of the DM-SRD method, a comparison with the static SRD method and spectral match method was conducted. The results show that the accuracy of the DM-SRD method is 97.8%. Compared with the other two detection methods, DM-SRD significantly reduces false alarm rate and avoids missing alarms. Additionally, the results demonstrate that whether the database contained prior information on hydrological fluctuation or not, DM-SRD maintained high detection accuracy, which indicates great adaptability and robustness.
Case report: Skin protective barrier cream interference in benzethonium chloride method for urine protein measurement in a 6-month-old girl
Authors: Özcan Ömer , van Wijk Joanna AE , Bosch Annet M , den Elzen Wendy PJ , Heijboer Annemieke C , Fischer Johan C
Published: November 2023

This case report describes the positive interference of the commonly used skin protective barrier cream used together with urine collection bags on the benzethonium chloride method for urine protein measurements in a 6-month-old female baby, leading to falsely elevated results. The interference was identified by both artificially mixing urine samples with this cream and comparing the results obtained using the benzethonium chloride method with those obtained using the pyrogallol red method.
The Dominant Integral Affect Model of Unethical Employee Behavior
Authors: Veetikazhi Ramachandran , Ramya S. M. , Hong Michelle , Kamalanabhan T. J.
Published: November 2023

Unethical employee behavior (UEB), an important organizational phenomenon, is dynamic and multi-faceted. Recent renewed interest in the role of emotion in ethical decision-making (EDM) suggests that unethical behaviors are neither always rationally derived nor deliberately undertaken. This study explores how to integrate the conscious and nonconscious dimensions of unethical decision-making. By broadening the scope of inquiry, we explore how integral affect—the emotion tied to anticipated decision outcomes for the employee engaging in misconduct—can shed light on UEB. We review related literature on affect and EDM and propose a model in which we assert that at a decision point, an employee experiences multiple integral affects that are either persuasive or dissuasive toward UEB. We further posit that among these integral affects, a dominant integral affect (DIA) emerges, determining the nature and direction of unethical behavior. In addition, our model considers the role of affective residue and the influence of other factors, such as incidental affect, disposition, context, and retrospection, to derive propositions. Our DIA model can help managers gain a comprehensive understanding of how affect, characterized by its locus (self or other orientation) and valence (enhancing or harming), determines the characteristics of UEB.