bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐pregnancy weight excess and body mass index: Analysis of three generations Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Flores Thaynã Ramos , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Gonçalves Helen , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the relationship between the grandmother's maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (first generation—G1), the BMI of the female members of the birth cohort of Pelotas/RS, Brazil, 1993 (second generation—G2) and the children of the cohort members (third generation—G3). a longitudinal study using data from the 1993 Pelotas/RS cohort. The maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI of the mothers of the members (first generation—G1) was self‐reported, and of the participants in the cohort (second generation—G2) was collected using weight and height in follow‐ups prior to 22 years of age. Children from the third generation (G3) were included in this last follow‐up (22 years) and anthropometric measurements were collected. The outcome was BMI‐for‐age z‐score obtained using weight and height measures collected in every follow‐up. Linear regression was performed with adjustment for possible confounding factors. The cohort's original sample consists of 5249 participants and 855 children (their first children). At 12 and 48 months, the average increase in BMI‐for‐age z‐score of children of women with pre‐pregnancy weight excess was 0.11 and 0.47 kg/m2, respectively, increasing to around 0.60 kg/m2 in adolescence, reaching an average increase of 2.71 kg/m2 in BMI at 22 years of age. The G2 pre‐pregnancy weight excess was also associated with G3 BMI‐for‐age z‐score [β = 0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.21; 0.65)]. Maternal pre‐pregnancy weight excess was associated with the child's BMI‐for‐age z‐score, in both G2 and G3, suggesting a proximal relationship, with no association between G1 and G3.
Time in range following flash glucose monitoring: Relationship with glycaemic control, diabetes‐related distress and resource utilisation in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists national audit
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Wilmot Emma , Pieri Beatrice , Choudhary Pratik , Shah Najeeb , Gregory Robert , Kilvert Anne , Lumb Alistair , Christian Peter , Barnes Dennis , Patmore Jane , Walton Chris , Ryder Robert E. J. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between time in range (TIR) achieved using the isCGM with changes in glycaemic control, diabetes‐related distress (DRD) and resource utilisation in people living with diabetes.

Methods

Clinicians from 106 National Health System (NHS) UK hospitals submitted isCGM user baseline and follow‐up data in a web‐based tool held within the UK NHS network. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between follow‐up glucose TIR (3.9–10 mmol/L) categories (TIR% 50–70 and TIR% >70) with change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), DRD and Gold score (measure of hypoglycaemia unawareness, where a score ≥4 suggests impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia).

Results

Of 16,427 participants, 1241 had TIR follow‐up data available. In this cohort, the mean TIR was 44.8% (±22.5). With the use of isCGM, at 7.9 months mean follow‐up, improvements were observed in HbA1c (−6.9 [13.5] mmol/mol, p < 0.001), Gold score (−0.35 [1.5], p < 0.001) and Diabetes Distress Screening (−0.73 [1.23], p < 0.001). In the regression analysis restricted to people living with type 1 diabetes, TIR% 50–70 was associated with a −8.9 mmol/mol (±0.6, p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c; TIR% >70 with a −14 mmol/mol (±0.8, p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c. Incremental improvement in TIR% was also associated with significant improvements in Gold score and DRD. TIR% >70 was associated with no hospital admissions due to hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia/diabetic ketoacidosis, and a 60% reduction in the paramedic callouts and 77% reduction in the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of UK isCGM users, we demonstrate a significant association of higher TIR% with improvement in HbA1c, hypoglycaemia awareness, DRD and resource utilisation.
CAR‐T cell therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. A systematic review
Authors: Pasqui Daniel M. , Latorraca Carolina d. O. C. , Pacheco Rafael L. , Riera Rachel
Published: August 2022

Hematological malignancies represent defying clinical conditions, with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly considering patients who manifest multiple refractory diseases. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option for relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies, which have motivated the Food and Drug Administration approval of a series of products based on this technique. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of CAR‐T cell therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases (CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, and MEDLINE), clinical trials register platforms (Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO‐ICTRP), and grey literature (OpenGrey). The Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions was used for developing the review and the PRISMA Statement for manuscript reporting. The protocol was prospectively published in PROSPERO database (CRD42020181047). After the selection process, seven RCTs were included, three of which with available outcome results. The available results are from studies assessing axicabtagene, lisocabtagene, and tisagenlecleucel for patients with B cell lymphoma, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low for survival and progression‐related outcome and for safety outcomes. Additionally, four randomized controlled trials comparing CAR‐T cell therapy to the standard treatment for various types of relapsed/refractory B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma included in this systematic review still did not have available outcome data. The results of this review may be used to guide clinical practice but evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of CAR‐T Cell therapy for hematological malignancies is still immature to recommend its application outside of clinical trials or compassionate use context for advanced and terminal cases. It is expected the results of the referred comparative studies will provide further elements to subsidize the broader application of this immunotherapy.
Upregulation of microRNA‐597 in myelodysplastic syndromes induces apoptosis through FOSL2 inhibition
Authors: Kang Seong‐Ho , Kim Hong‐Beum , Choi Ji Seon
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Trisomy 8 is the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in Korean patients with MDS. We investigated the dysregulation of miR‐597‐5p, located on chromosome 8, which is reported to induce cell death in numerous cancers.

Materials and Methods

We compared the expression profiles of miR‐597‐5p among 65 MDS patients and 11 controls, and analyzed the in vitro effects of miR‐597 on leukemic cells using an acute myeloid leukemia cell line transfected with miR‐597.

Results

We found that miR‐597‐5p levels were upregulated 4.05‐fold in MDS patients compared to those in controls. In vitro study results demonstrated that transfection with a miR‐597 mimic induced apoptosis through downregulation of FOS like 2 (FOSL2).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that upregulation of miR‐597 induces apoptosis and that miR‐597 has a possible role in the pathophysiology of MDS.
Association of amygdala size with stress perception: Findings of a transversal study across the lifespan
Authors: Caetano Inês , Amorim Liliana , Castanho Teresa Costa , Coelho Ana , Ferreira Sónia , Portugal‐Nunes Carlos , Soares José Miguel , Gonçalves Nuno , Sousa Rui , Reis Joana , Lima Catarina , Marques Paulo , Moreira Pedro Silva , Rodrigues Ana João , Santos Nadine Correia , Morgado Pedro , Esteves Madalena , Magalhães Ricardo , Picó‐Pérez Maria , Sousa Nuno
Published: August 2022

Daily routines are getting increasingly stressful. Interestingly, associations between stress perception and amygdala volume, a brain region implicated in emotional behaviour, have been observed in both younger and older adults. Life stress, on the other hand, has become pervasive and is no longer restricted to a specific age group or life stage. As a result, it is vital to consider stress as a continuum across the lifespan. In this study, we investigated the relationship between perceived stress and amygdala size in 272 healthy participants with a broad age range. Participants were submitted to a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to extract amygdala volume, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores were used as the independent variable in volumetric regressions. We found that perceived stress is positively associated with the right amygdala volume throughout life.
The effects of missense OPN3 mutations in melanocytic lesions on protein structure and light‐sensitive function
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zeng Wen , Li Pinhao , Feng Jianglong , Zhang Yulei , Jin Shuqi , Deng Jialing , Qi Shengwen , Lu Hongguang
Published: August 2022

Opsin 3 (OPN3), a member of the light‐sensitive, retinal‐dependent opsin family, is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and plays a multitude of light‐dependent and light‐independent roles. We recently identified five missense variants of OPN3, including p. I51T, p. V134A, p. V183I, p. M256I and p. C331Y, in human melanocytic tumours. However, it remains unclear how these OPN3 variants affect OPN3 protein structure and function. Herein, we conducted structural and functional studies of these variant proteins in OPN3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of five single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) proteins using a site‐directed mutagenesis method. Notably, the p. I51T variant was not able to effectively dock with 11‐cis‐retinal. Additionally, in vitro, the p. I51T SNVs failed to induce any detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration at room temperature. Taken together, these results reveal that five SNVs in the OPN3 gene have deleterious effects on protein structure and function, suggesting that these mutations, especially the p. I51T variant, significantly disrupt the canonical function of the OPN3 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the role of OPN3 variants in the loss of protein function.
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with biological aging: Intervention‐induced enhancement of couple functioning confers resilience
Authors: Lei Man‐Kit , Beach Steven R. H.
Published: August 2022

The accelerated pace of biological aging predicts mortality and morbidity later in life. The current study examines whether a change in supportive couple functioning buffers accelerated aging associated with stressful community environments among Black Americans who live in rural, Southern, disadvantaged neighborhoods. We examined 348 Black American middle‐aged adults assigned randomly to receive the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) intervention or a control condition. The program was designed to enhance supportive couple functioning among Black Americans. We used DunedinPoAm to quantify the methylation pace of aging and employed the Area Deprivation Index at the census block group level to measure neighborhood disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with the accelerated pace of aging. Further, participation in ProSAAF enhanced supportive couple functioning, and improvement in couple functioning protected participants from the harmful effects of neighborhood disadvantage on the accelerated pace of aging. These findings supported mediated moderation and suggested that family‐based prevention programs that enhance couple support may decrease the erosive effects of neighborhood disadvantage and improve prospects for healthy aging among rural, Southern, Black Americans living in difficult circumstances. This may provide a supplemental strategy for decreasing health disparities due to neighborhood disadvantage by enhancing family systems.
DOT1L regulates MTDH‐mediated angiogenesis in triple‐negative breast cancer: intermediacy of NF‐κB‐HIF1α axis
Authors: Neeli Praveen Kumar , Sahoo Shashikanta , Karnewar Santosh , Singuru Gajalakshmi , Pulipaka Sriravali , Annamaneni Sandhya , Kotamraju Srigiridhar
Published: August 2022

DOT1L, a specific H3K79 methyltransferase, has a tumour‐promoting role in various cancers, including triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the molecular mechanism by which the deregulated DOT1L promotes cancer progression is unclear. Herein, we show that a significantly higher basal level of DOTL1 strongly correlates with MTDH, an oncogene, in clinical TNBC patient cohorts and mediates TNBC progression by enhancing MTDH‐induced angiogenesis. In parallel, severe combined immunodeficiency mice‐bearing MDA‐MB‐231 cells with MTDH‐Wt or MTDHΔ7 (spliced isoform of MTDH) overexpression constructs showed enhanced blood vessel formations at the tumour site in comparison with control groups. Selective inhibition of DOT1L by EPZ004777, a specific DOT1L inhibitor, or siDOT1L, significantly impaired MTDH‐induced proliferation, invasion and angiogenic markers expression in TNBC cells. ChIP assay revealed that Dot1L promotes MTDH‐Wt/Δ7 transcription by increasing H3K79me3 levels on its promoter. Dot1L depletion reversed this effect. Mechanistically, DOT1L‐induced MTDH caused enhanced nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) occupancy on the hypoxia‐inducible factor1α (HIF1α) promoter and increased its transcription, leading to elevated levels of proangiogenic mediators in TNBC cells. Moreover, the condition media obtained from MDA‐MB‐231 cells stably expressing either MTDH‐Wt or MTDHΔ7 treated with EPZ004777 or Bay‐11‐7082 (NF‐κB inhibitor) or FM19G11 (HIF1α inhibitor) significantly inhibited MTDH‐induced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, rat aortic ring sprouting and vessel formations by chick chorioallantoic membrane assay mimicking physiological angiogenic vasculature. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel epigenetic regulation of MTDH by DOTL1, which drives angiogenesis, and that the therapeutic disruption of the DOT1L‐MTDH‐NF‐κB‐HIF1α axis may have usefulness in the management of TNBC.
Crystal structures of free and ligand‐bound forms of the TetR/AcrR‐like regulator SCO3201 from Streptomyces coelicolor suggest a novel allosteric mechanism
Authors: Werten Sebastiaan , Waack Paul , Palm Gottfried J. , Virolle Marie‐Joëlle , Hinrichs Winfried
Published: August 2022

TetR/AcrR‐like transcription regulators enable bacteria to sense a wide variety of chemical compounds and to dynamically adapt the expression levels of specific genes in response to changing growth conditions. Here, we describe the structural characterisation of SCO3201, an atypical TetR/AcrR family member from Streptomyces coelicolor that strongly represses antibiotic production and morphological development under conditions of overexpression. We present crystal structures of SCO3201 in its ligand‐free state as well as in complex with an unknown inducer, potentially a polyamine. In the ligand‐free state, the DNA‐binding domains of the SCO3201 dimer are held together in an unusually compact conformation and, as a result, the regulator cannot span the distance between the two half‐sites of its operator. Interaction with the ligand coincides with a major structural rearrangement and partial conversion of the so‐called hinge helix (α4) to a 310‐conformation, markedly increasing the distance between the DNA‐binding domains. In sharp contrast to what was observed for other TetR/AcrR‐like regulators, the increased interdomain distance might facilitate rather than abrogate interaction of the dimer with the operator. Such a ‘reverse’ induction mechanism could expand the regulatory repertoire of the TetR/AcrR family and may explain the dramatic impact of SCO3201 overexpression on the ability of S. coelicolor to generate antibiotics and sporulate.
Branching archaeocyaths as ecosystem engineers during the Cambrian radiation
Authors: Manzuk Ryan A. , Maloof Adam C. , Kaandorp Jaap A. , Webster Mark
Published: August 2022

The rapid origination and diversification of major animal body plans during the early Cambrian coincide with the rise of Earth's first animal‐built framework reefs. Given the importance of scleractinian coral reefs as ecological facilitators in modern oceans, we investigate the impact of archaeocyathan (Class Archaeocyatha) reefs as engineered ecosystems during the Cambrian radiation. In this study, we present the first high‐resolution, three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of branching archaeocyathide (Order Archaeocyathida) individuals from three localities on the Laurentian paleocontinent. Because branched forms in sponges and corals display phenotypic plasticity that preserve the characteristics of the surrounding growth environment, we compare morphological measurements from our fossil specimens to those of modern corals to infer the surface conditions of Earth's first reefs. These data demonstrate that archaeocyaths could withstand and influence the flow of water, accommodate photosymbionts, and build topographically complex and stable structures much like corals today. We also recognize a stepwise increase in the roughness of reef environments in the lower Cambrian, which would have laid a foundation for more abundant and diverse coevolving fauna.
THE GOTTSCHEERS: FROM A CENTRAL EUROPEAN ENCLAVE TO ASSIMILATION IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Stadler Derek
Published: August 2022

In the fourteenth century, a group of German‐speaking settlers established a colony named Gottschee in what is now Slovenia. The results of World War II banished Gottscheers from Slovenia and they relocated to Austrian refugee camps. While some Gottscheers later moved to other European countries, a large number migrated to existing Gottscheer or German communities in North America as refugees, practising cultural traditions in large cities such as New York and Cleveland. Like other German immigrants who initially settled in large American cities, many Gottscheers moved from urban areas and assimilated, soon after arrival or a few generations later. In fact, Gottscheers are one embodiment of the collective assimilation experience of Germans who migrated to North America. Formerly, once large communities of German immigrants who contributed to both United States and Canadian society have all but disappeared. This study investigates how and why Gottscheers created discrete ethnic communities in the United States and Canada that flourished in the pre‐ and postwar years. It also analyses the present state of Gottscheer communities to determine why Gottscheers and their descendants may assimilate into American society.
“Having a family is the new normal”: Parenting in neoliberal academia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: França Thais , Godinho Filipa , Padilla Beatriz , Vicente Mara , Amâncio Lígia , Fernandes Ana
Published: August 2022

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has made explicit the burden of care shouldered by academic mothers, in addition to juggling their scholarly commitments. Although discussions are abundant on the impact of caring responsibilities on the careers of women academics, neoliberal academia continues to minimize such struggles. Despite the disruptions to family routines caused by the health crisis, academic institutions have expected academic mothers and fathers to continue undertaking their professional responsibilities at the same level as before, disregarding their parenting demands. This paper contributes to the research on parenthood in academia by looking at how, throughout the pandemic, academic parents have negotiated the tensions between parenthood and academic demands, and by investigating the strategies they use to confront neoliberal culture of academic performativity, even amid the health crisis. The paper engages with the “space invaders” concept used by Puwar (2004) to analyze the “hypervisibility” of academic mothers' and fathers' “bodies out of place” during the pandemic, and to investigate their “renegade acts” against the uncaring attitudes of their institutions. Evidence is drawn from a qualitative study conducted during December 2020 and January 2021 among scholars affiliated to Portuguese academic institutions: 17 in‐depth interviews conducted with women, and two mixed‐gender focus groups. Our results research reveal how the experiences of academic mothers and fathers were not uniform during the pandemic. In addition, it shows how, despite their commitment to their academic responsibilities, these parents have crafted various resistance strategies to confront the institutional pressure to continue maintain their working routines, and instead positioning themselves as “more than just academics.”
Nummular headache responsive to anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies in a patient with migraine
Authors: López‐Bravo Alba , Oliveros‐Cid Antonio , Mínguez‐Olaondo Ane , Cuadrado María Luz
Published: August 2022

Background

Nummular headache (NH) is defined by the presence of localized pain circumscribed to a round or elliptical area of the scalp, with a well‐defined contour and a diameter of 1–6 cm. Although some evidence supports a peripheral mechanism, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear.

Case

We report the case of a 64‐year‐old man with high‐frequency episodic migraine who has used topiramate, beta‐blockers, flunarizine, and amitriptyline without effect. In the last 8 years he also had continuous pain in an oval area of the scalp, consistent with NH. Triptans were ineffective for this new pain, and preventive therapy with gabapentin and onabotulinumtoxinA in the painful area had no effect. NH remitted when the patient received monthly treatment with subcutaneous galcanezumab for his migraine.

Conclusions

Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), in particular galcanezumab, might be an effective therapy in some patients with NH. CGRP may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of this headache, which warrants further investigation.
Characteristics of migraine in patients with headache disorders: A clinic‐based study from Central American and Caribbean countries
Authors: Monterrey Priscilla , González Mónica , Ramírez Deyanira , Gracia Fernando , Henríquez Freddy , Pérez‐Franco Eka , Díaz Alejandro , Vásquez Juan F. , Benzadón Aarón , Obage Jeanine , Luna Diego , Pertuz Wilfran
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to measure the proportion of patients who consulted for headache and of those who had a final diagnosis of migraine. We also assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients with migraine and the impact of migraine on the daily activities and the professional and social lives of patients visiting private/public medical centers in Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and the Dominican Republic.

Background

Underdiagnosis of migraine is high in Central America and Caribbean urban communities. However, there is limited knowledge on characteristics of headache disorders for the appropriate classification of migraine, which is a prerequisite for targeted treatment. Hence, there is a need to improve migraine awareness among patients and medical professionals in this region.

Methods

Central America and Caribbean countries epidemioLogy study of Migraine (CALM) was a non‐interventional, cross‐sectional, multinational study in adults aged 18–65 years with a history of or current headache. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with migraine visiting medical centers due to headache disorders. Using a specially designed migraine survey questionnaire, patients self‐reported migraine characteristics, duration, and severity of attacks and impact on work and social life.

Results

Of the 313 enrolled patients, 308 (98.4%) completed the study. Approximately 75.3% (232/308) of patients with headache visiting medical centers had migraine, with episodic migraine being the most common (193 [83.2%]). Overall, 34/308 (11.0%) patients had a new diagnosis of migraine. Among patients with migraine, 66 (28.4%) had a history of migraine for ≥20 years and 59 (25.4%) experienced severe pain. Overall, 52.2% (121/232) of patients reported that migraine affected their professional life and 78.4% (182/232) reported an impact on social life.

Conclusion

The CALM study establishes that a high proportion of patients with migraine had a long duration and high severity of migraine attacks, leading to a direct impact on work/social life as well as on costs incurred by patients in these countries.
Immune restoration affects 10‐year survival in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Aksak‐Wąs Bogusz Jan , Kowalska Justyna D. , Ząbek Piotr , Serwin Karol , Rafalska‐Kosior Milena , Gołąb Joanna , Chober Daniel , Skonieczna‐Żydecka Karolina , Hackiewicz Małgorzata , Parczewski Miłosz
Published: August 2022

Introduction

In recent years, a reduction in the life expectancy gap between people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general population has been observed, irrespective of CD4 lymphocyte count, due to widespread access to antiretroviral treatment. The increase in the life expectancy of PLWH has increased awareness of both the ageing process and gender discrepancies in immune restoration and survival.

Materials and Methods

Longitudinal data were collected for 2240 patients followed up at the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland (n = 1482), and the Department of Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (n = 758). Immune restoration was measured from the time of starting combination antiretroviral therapy until achieving 500 CD4 lymphocytes/μL, 800 CD4 lymphocytes/μL, and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratios of > 0.8 and > 1.0. Full recovery was achieved when the patient was restored to both 800 CD4 lymphocytes/μL and a CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio > 1.0.

Results

For all endpoints, immune restoration had a protective effect by reducing mortality. Patients who achieved immune restoration had a greater chance of reduced mortality than those who did not achieve immune restoration: for CD4 count > 500 cells/μL, HR = 5.4 (interquartile range: 3.09–9.41), p < 0.001; for CD4 > 800 cells/μL, HR = 5.37 (2.52–11.43), p < 0.001; for CD4/CD8 ratio > 0.8, HR = 3.16 (1.81–5.51), p < 0.001; for CD4/CD8 ratio > 1.0, HR = 2.67 (1.49–5.24), p = 0.001, and for full immune recovery, HR = 3.62 (1.63–8.04), p = 0.002.

Conclusions

Immune restoration remains a powerful factor in improving the survival of PLWH, regardless of the speed of recovery.
Exploring the experiences of frontline nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lee Ji Yea , Lee Sewon , Choi Hannah , Oh Eui Geum
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of frontline nurses who provided direct care for COVID‐19 patients.

Background

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the demands on healthcare systems have been higher than before. Although previous studies have explored the experiences of frontline nurses, these experiences could vary depending on each country's social, cultural, and historical contexts.

Introduction

In the midst of the global pandemic, sharing the experiences of COVID‐19 frontline nurses could have implications for both nursing and nursing policies that could be applied to future pandemics.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study comprised 14 South Korean nurses with a minimum of one month of experience working within a COVID‐19 department. Individual interviews were conducted on a virtual platform, and a thematic analysis was employed. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies were used to ensure a detailed reporting of the study.

Results

Four themes and 12 subthemes were developed. The themes included: (1) feeling forced into a world of uncertainty; (2) providing unique care for COVID‐19 patients; (3) perceiving barriers to providing quality care; and (4) seeking meaning in caring for COVID‐19 patients.

Discussion

Nurses recognized their unique roles in caring for COVID‐19 patients and sought new meanings within their profession. However, the poor work environment exacerbated the physical and emotional burden among the nurses and compromised the provision of quality care.

Conclusion

This study highlighted the nursing policy issues that need to be improved to ensure better quality care and a stronger healthcare system.

Implications for nursing policy

Governmental action is essential to ensure that nurses can maintain the quality of care they have provided during COVID‐19 and any future pandemics.
The action of topical application of Vitamin B12 ointment on radiodermatitis in a porcine model
Authors: Zhao Yue‐Chen , Wang Hong‐Yong , Li Yun‐Feng , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Li Yan , Wang Tie‐Jun
Published: August 2022

Radiodermatitis is an inevitable side effect of radiotherapy in cancer treatment and there is currently no consensus on effective drugs for treating the condition. Vitamin B12 is known to be effective for repairing and regenerating damaged skin. However, there are few studies on the use of Vitamin B12 for treating radiodermatitis. This study explored the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of Vitamin B12 ointment on radiodermatitis. A porcine model of grade IV radiodermatitis was established. The ointment was applied for 12 weeks after which histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and gene sequencing were performed for the evaluation of specific indicators in skin samples. After 12 weeks of observation, the Vitamin B12 treatment was found to have significantly alleviated radiodermatitis. The treatment also significantly reduced the expression levels of NF‐κB, COX‐2, IL‐6, and TGF‐β in the skin samples. The pathways involved in the effects of the treatment were identified by analysing gene expression. In conclusion, Vitamin B12 ointment was found to be highly effective for treating radiodermatitis, with strong anti‐radiation, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrosis effects. It is thus a promising drug candidate for the treatment of severe radiodermatitis.
Insights into the leaching behavior of pollucite glass–ceramics at the initial stage
Authors: Yang Hualong , Ma Siqi , Zhao Shengjian , Wang Qikun , Liu Xuehui , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: August 2022

Pollucite has been proposed as an ideal candidate material for addressing the critical challenge of the safe trapping of the 137Cs radionuclide. However, its detailed corrosion mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we performed reactive and ab initio molecular simulations to explore the leaching behavior of Cs+ from pollucite glass–ceramics at the initial stage. The nonbridging oxygen ions on the surface are protonated at first, followed by the release of Cs+ associated with these oxygen ions. For the glass phase, the inner Cs+ could leach out due to the interaction with water molecules, whereas only the Cs+ present at the surface leach out for pollucite, confirming its remarkable chemical stability. The hydrolysis of Si/Al–O bonds in pollucite is thermodynamically unfavorable, and Al–O bonds are the weak spots. Moreover, the migration barriers of Cs+ in pollucite were calculated by the climbing image nudged elastic band method, and the high barriers reveal that pollucite immobilizes Cs+ stably. This study paves the way for predicting the long‐term safety of a nuclear waste immobilization repository.
Brentuximab vedotin in the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas: Data from the Spanish Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry
Authors: Muniesa Cristina , Gallardo Fernando , García‐Doval Ignacio , Estrach M. Teresa , Combalia Andrea , Morillo‐Andújar Mercedes , De la Cruz‐Vicente Fátima , Machan Salma , Moya‐Martínez Cristina , Rovira Roger , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Blanca , Acebo Elvira , Amutio Elena , Peñate Yeray , Losada‐Castillo Maria del Carmen , García‐Muret M. Pilar , Iznardo Helena , Román‐Curto Concepción , Cañueto Javier , Fernández‐de‐Misa Ricardo , Flórez Ángeles , Izu Rosa María , Torres‐Navarro Ignacio , Zayas Ana , Pérez‐Paredes Gema , Blanes Mar , Yanguas J. Ignacio , Pérez‐Ferriols Amparo , Callejas‐Charavia Marta , Ortiz‐Romero Pablo Luis , Pérez‐Gil Amalia , Prieto‐Torres Lucia , González‐Barca Eva , Servitje Octavio
Published: August 2022

ABSTRCT

Background

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has been approved for CD30‐expressing cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) after at least one previous systemic treatment. However, real clinical practice is still limited.

Objectives

To evaluate the response and tolerance of BV in a cohort of patients with CTCL.

Methods

We analysed CTCL patients treated with BV from the Spanish Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry (RELCP).

Results

Sixty‐seven patients were included. There were 26 females and the mean age at diagnosis was 59 years. Forty‐eight were mycosis fungoides (MF), 7 Sézary syndrome (SS) and 12 CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30 LPD). Mean follow‐up was 18 months. Thirty patients (45%) showed at least 10% of CD30+ cells among the total lymphocytic infiltrate. The median number of BV infusions received was 7. The overall response rate (ORR) was 67% (63% in MF, 71% in SS and 84% in CD30 LPD). Ten of 14 patients with folliculotropic MF (FMF) achieved complete or partial response (ORR 71%). The median time to response was 2.8 months. During follow‐up, 36 cases (54%) experienced cutaneous relapse or progression. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 10.3 months. The most frequent adverse event was peripheral neuropathy (PN) (57%), in most patients (85%), grades 1 or 2.

Conclusions

These results confirm the efficacy and safety of BV in patients with advanced‐stage MF, and CD30 LPD. In addition, patients with FMF and SS also showed a favourable response. Our data suggest that BV retreatment is effective in a proportion of cases.
Association between hospital characteristics and 30‐day mortality of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in Sichuan, China
Authors: Mo Chunmei , Cheng Yongzhong , Pan Jingping , Tan Kun , Zhang Xueli , Xu Jiuping
Published: August 2022

Objective

Because acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of death, China faces the challenge of improving its quality of care. This study provides context‐specific evidence of association between 30‐day mortality and hospital characteristics in China to extend the understanding of hospitalized AMI patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 67,619 hospitalized AMI patients at 372 tertiary and secondary hospitals in Sichuan, China, between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Using a hierarchical logistic regression model to control risk factors, we explored relationships among 30‐day mortality, hospital level, AMI volume, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) timeliness. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to observe the trends of 30‐day mortality with increased AMI volume and PCI timeliness.

Results

After risk factor adjustment, the 30‐day mortality model demonstrated that a lower hospital level and smaller AMI volume were associated with higher 30‐day mortality (medium‐volume: OR = 1.511, 95% CI (1.195, 1.910); small‐volume: OR = 1.636, 95% CI (1.277, 2.096); other tertiary: OR = 1.190, 95% CI (1.037, 1.365); secondary: OR = 1.524, 95% CI (1.289, 1.800)). Similarly, 30‐day mortality was higher for patients at hospitals with a low PCI timeliness (low timeliness: OR = 1.318, 95% CI (1.079, 1.610)). Scatterplot smoothing showed hospital 30‐day mortality first reduced quickly and gradually stabilized with increased AMI volume and PCI timeliness.

Conclusion

Patients admitted to tertiary grade A hospitals, large‐volume hospitals, and high‐ or medium‐timeliness hospitals were more likely to survive at 30 days. Policymakers should focus on improving the outcomes at hospitals without these characteristics.
Transcription level and phylogeny analyses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii arylsulfatases
Authors: Salarvan Fatma , Meydan Hasan , Aksoy Münevver
Published: August 2022

Sulfur is a required macroelement for all organisms, and sulfate deficiency causes growth and developmental defects. Arylsulfatases (ARS) hydrolyze sulfate from sulfate esters and make sulfate bioavailable for plant uptake. These enzymes are found in microorganisms and animals; however, plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene. Our database searches found nineteen ARS genes in the genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Among these, ARS1 and ARS2 were studied in the literature; however, the remaining seventeen gene models were not studied. Our results show that putative polypeptide sequences of the ARS gene models all have the sulfatase domain and sulfatase motifs found in known ARSs. Phylogenetic analyses show that C. reinhardtii proteins are in close branches with Volvox carterii proteins while they were clustered in a separate group from Homo sapiens and bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodopirellula baltica SH1), except human Sulf1, Sulf2, and GNS are clustered with algal ARSs. RT‐PCR analyses showed that transcription of ARS6, ARS7, ARS11, ARS12, ARS13, ARS17, and ARS19 increased under sulfate deficiency. However, this increase was not as high as the increase seen in ARS2. Since plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene, our results highlight the importance of microbial ARS genes.
Dermoscopy aids in differentiating primary cutaneous amyloidosis and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A clinico‐dermoscopic‐histopathaological study
Authors: El‐Samanoudy Solwan I. , Gawdat Heba I. , Fouda Kholoud M. , Abdelkader Heba Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are common causes of cutaneous hyperpigmentation that are usually diagnosed clinically. However, their presentations are sometimes atypical, and their differentiation is difficult. Dermoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for pigmented diseases that might aid in their diagnosis.

Objective

To describe the characteristic dermoscopic features of PCA and PIH together with histopathological correlation, and to differentiate between these conditions in a non‐invasive way.

Methods

Fifty‐two patients with PCA (n = 26) and PIH (n = 26) were enrolled. A detailed history, skin examination, dermoscopic examination using handheld and video dermoscopy, and histopathological evaluation were performed.

Results

A statistically significant difference could be detected between PCA and PIH in terms of the duration of the disease (p = 0.027), symmetry (p = 0.044), rippling (p < 0.001), and back affection (p = 0.048). On dermoscopic examination, central hubs were seen more in the PCA group (p < 0.001) with different patterns of peripheral pigmentation. Histopathologically, the number of melanophages per high‐power field was significantly higher in the PCA group (p = 0.013).

Conclusion

The results of this study shed the light on the potential of dermoscopy as a non‐invasive diagnostic tool in differentiating between doubtful cases of PCA and PIH.
Does tertiarisation slow down productivity growth? A Kaldorian–Baumolian analysis across 10 developed economies
Authors: Rial Adrián , Fernández Rafael
Published: August 2022

This study examines the impact of the expansion of the service sector on labour productivity growth in 10 developed economies, reaching back to the late 1970s. The main research novelty is that it combines both Kaldorian and Baumolian insights to develop a new shift‐share decomposition that, consistent with Kaldorian theory, endogenises productivity growth at the industry level with respect to structural change, and, consistent with the Baumolian framework, includes the impact that arises from the cumulative reallocation of nominal output and employment. Our results show that tertiarisation leads to a gradual decrease in productivity growth in most of these economies.
The TonB‐dependent uptake of pyrroloquinoline‐quinone (PQQ) and secretion of gluconate by Escherichia coli K‐12
Authors: Hantke Klaus , Friz Simon
Published: August 2022

Glucose is taken up by Escherichia coli through the phosphotransferase system (PTS) as the preferred carbon source. PTS mutants grow with glucose as a carbon source only in the presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), which is needed as a redox cofactor for the glucose dehydrogenase Gcd. The membrane‐anchored Gcd enzyme oxidises glucose to gluconolactone in the periplasm. For this reaction to occur, external supply of PQQ is required as E. coli is unable to produce PQQ de novo. Growth experiments show that PqqU (previously YncD) is the TonB‐ExbBD‐dependent transporter for PQQ through the outer membrane. PQQ protected the cells from the PqqU‐dependent phage IsaakIselin (Bas10) by competition for the receptor protein. As a high affinity uptake system, PqqU allows E. coli to activate Gcd even at surrounding PQQ concentrations of about 1 nmoL/L. At about 30‐fold higher PQQ concentrations, the activation of Gcd gets PqqU independent. Due to its small size, Pqq may also pass the outer membrane through porins. The PQQ‐dependent production of gluconate has been demonstrated in many plant growth‐promoting bacteria that solubilise phosphate minerals in the soil by secreting this acid. Under phosphate limiting conditions also E. coli induces the glucose dehydrogenase and secretes gluconate, even in absence of PTS, that is, even when the bacterium is unable to grow on glucose without PQQ.
Time and behavioral adjustments to lactation: Insights from a marine predator
Authors: Borras‐Chavez Renato , Goebel Michael E. , Villegas‐Amtmann Stella , Hückstädt Luis A. , Rivera‐Rebella Carla , Costa Daniel P. , Fariña José M. , Bozinovic Francisco
Published: August 2022

The energetic costs of lactation have been studied in many marine mammals, but little is known about the behavioral adjustments needed to cope with this event. By simultaneously measuring foraging behavior of lactating and nonlactating Antarctic fur seal females, we estimate the behavioral changes necessary to cope with the constraints of lactation and include the first comparative record of dive behavior between lactating and nonlactating female otariids. Nonlactating females exhibited highly variable foraging trip durations and spent long times onshore between trips. In contrast, lactating females exhibited consistently shorter trips and spent half the time hauled‐out compared to nonlactating females likely to maximize offspring provisioning. Lactating females show a reduced mean time per dive but greater percentage of time per trip spent diving compared to nonlactating animals. The reduction in time onshore and trip duration, together with modifications in dive performance suggests additional effort of lactating females to compensate for the constraints of rearing a pup, which has not been observed previously due to the lack of simultaneous comparison of lactating and nonlactating individuals. When possible, future studies of maternal investment should also include nonlactating individuals, since lactation may have a strong synergistic effect with other aspects shaping foraging behavior.
Incarnation and Israel: A Supralapsarian Account of Israel’s Chosenness
Authors: van Driel Edwin Chr.
Published: August 2022

In its first part, this essay maps various ways in which Christian theology has tried to make sense of the notion of Israel’s election: as simply an expression of Israel’s religious self‐consciousness (Friedrich Schleiermacher, Naim Ateek), as serving a larger goal in the divine economy (N.T. Wright, missional hermeneutics), and as the result of a divine falling in love (Michael Wyschogrod, Jon D. Levenson, R.W.L. Moberly). Finding all these approaches theologically wanting, in its second part the article develops an alternative approach, embedded in a supralapsarian Christology. The third part of the essay refutes the idea that supralapsarian Christology leads to supersessionism (R. Kendall Soulen) and argues that rather the opposite is the case: on the account of Israel’s election offered here, the covenant with Israel cannot be superseded because it is rooted in the very being of the incarnate One himself.
Late‐onset centronuclear myopathy caused by a heterozygous variant of DNM2 (c.1852G>C, p.A618P)
Authors: Sakai Kenji , Hayashi Koji , Saito Yoshihiko , Kanemoto Mizuki , Nishino Ichizo , Yamada Masahito , Ono Kenjiro
Published: August 2022

We describe the case of a 70‐year‐old man with centronuclear myopathy (CNM) who developed limb weakness at the age of 55 years. At the age of 64, facial and limb weakness of MRC grade 4 was apparent. Biopsy of the deltoid muscle revealed abundant fibers with central nuclei and radial strands. Genetic analysis revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant of DNM2 (NM_001005360.3:c.1852G>C, p.A618P). Although generally patients with DNM2‐related CNM harboring a variant in codon 618 demonstrate a severe phenotype with neonatal onset, our case suggests that this particular variant could lead to a late adult‐onset form of CNM.
Genome‐wide characterization of aquaporins in Spirodela polyrhiza and expression of aquaporin gene family under high‐temperature stress
Authors: Shang Shuai , Zhang Zaiwang , Liu Xiaoxue , Liu Longxiang , Tang Xuexi
Published: August 2022

As one of the most conserved classes of gene families, aquaporins (AQP) genes play an essential role in water transport and stress resistance in organisms. However, little information was available for their evolutionary and functional roles in aquatic plant species. In the present study, gene sequences, gene structure, phylogeny, conserved motif and promoter of the AQP genes in Spirodela polyrhiza were investigated to explore the mechanisms of osmoregulation underwater. A total of 24 putative AQP genes divided into four clades representing four distinct AQPs subfamilies were identified. The gene structure and intron numbers of the AQP genes were conserved among subfamilies. The Froger's residues, conserved Ar/R selectivity filters and conserved NPA domain showed high differences among different subfamilies. Moreover, the promoter profiling of SpAQP genes for conserved cis‐acting regulatory elements revealed enrichment of cis‐elements involved in light response and stress responsiveness, reflecting their varying gene expression pattern. Our results demonstrated that the AQP genes in the S. polyrhiza were similar to those in the Zostera marina and might have experienced adaptive evolution to water. Transcriptome results showed that the SpTIP2‐3, SpPIP2‐2, SpPIP1‐3, SpTIP4‐3 and SpNIP5‐2 were expressed significantly among different treatments indicating they might play important roles under temperature stress. These data offer valuable sight into understanding the adaptation to the water of the S. polyrhiza. They may further inform our understanding of the evolution of water tolerance in S. polyrhiza.