bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous n-type conversion of thermoelectric polarity in ionic hydrogels using PEDOT:PSS electrodes
Authors: Horike Shohei , Wei Qingshuo , Kirihara Kazuhiro , Mukaida Masakazu , Koshiba Yasuko , Ishida Kenji
Published: October 2021

The intrinsically positive Seebeck coefficient of ionic material was successfully converted into negative by using PEDOT:PSS electrodes, offering a useful method for the development of a thermally chargeable supercapacitor with n-type polarity.
Molecular engineering towards tunable morphology of metal–organic complex microcrystals for efficient and multicolor electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Ding Chun-Yun , Shao Jiang-Yang , Gong Zhong-Liang , Zhong Yu-Wu , Yao Jiannian
Published: October 2021

A facile molecular engineering strategy is used to obtain microcrystals of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ derivatives with well-defined morphology and multicolor phosphorescence and electrochemiluminescence.
The Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation on Self-Perception of the Voice in Vocal Performers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Perrine Brittany L. , Monzón Kimberly , Weber Lauren M. , Funderburk LesLee K.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Physically active adults have experienced training benefits from fish oil–derived omega-3 fatty acid (FO n3), which may also be of benefit to singers. The purpose of this research study was to determine if self-reported vocal adaptations and body composition changes occur in singers following FO n3 supplementation in conjunction with a singer's normal training regimen.

Method:

Twenty college students, currently enrolled in vocal lessons at a university, were randomized to receive either 3.0 g of FO n3 or placebo, which they took during a 10-week study period. Participants were blinded to group assignment. Participants completed the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 (SVHI-10), and the Evaluation of Ability to Sing Easily (EASE) and submitted to body composition measures (weight, skeletal mass, and body fat mass) before and after the study period.

Results:

Sixteen participants completed all parts of the study protocol. Mean compliance for the placebo group (83.9%) and the supplement group (75.2%) was similar. There were no significant differences in body composition measures, RSI scores, and EASE scores between groups. Scores on the SVHI-10 decreased significantly over time for all participants.

Conclusions:

Improvements seen in the SVHI-10 were not meaningfully different between the supplement and placebo group, pointing to the benefit of weekly lessons. The lack of changes in the questionnaire scores in the supplement group are partially attributed to the low compliance rate and low sample size, which is supported by the lack of change in the body composition measures.
Radiation-hydrodynamics with MPI-AMRVAC
Authors: Moens N. , Sundqvist J. O. , El Mellah I. , Poniatowski L. , Teunissen J. , Keppens R.
Published: October 2021

Context. Radiation controls the dynamics and energetics of many astrophysical environments. To capture the coupling between the radiation and matter, however, is often a physically complex and computationally expensive endeavor.

Aims. We sought to develop a numerical tool to perform radiation-hydrodynamics simulations in various configurations at an affordable cost.

Methods. We built upon the finite volume code MPI-AMRVAC to solve the equations of hydrodynamics on multi-dimensional adaptive meshes and introduce a new module to handle the coupling with radiation. A non-equilibrium, flux-limiting diffusion approximation was used to close the radiation momentum and energy equations. The time-dependent radiation energy equation was then solved within a flexible framework, fully accounting for radiation forces and work terms and further allowing the user to adopt a variety of descriptions for the radiation-matter interaction terms (“opacities”).

Results. We validated the radiation module on a set of standard test cases for which different terms of the radiative energy equation predominate. As a preliminary application to a scientific case, we calculated spherically symmetric models of the radiation-driven and optically thick supersonic outflows from massive Wolf-Rayet stars. This also demonstrates our code’s flexibility, as the illustrated simulation combines opacities typically used in static stellar structure models with a parametrized form for the enhanced line-opacity expected in supersonic flows.

Conclusions. This new module provides a convenient and versatile tool for performing multi-dimensional and high-resolution radiative-hydrodynamics simulations in optically thick environments with the MPI-AMRVAC code. The code is ready to be used for a variety of astrophysical applications, where our first target is set to be multi-dimensional simulations of stellar outflows from Wolf-Rayet stars.
Comparative effectiveness of organic acid complexes in the cultivation of broiler chickens
Authors: Taldykina Anastasia , Semenyutin Vladimir , Bezborodov Nikolay , Eremenko Victor
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the experimental results using organic acid complexes BiSAlTek, Ecacid and NeoTerm in the diet of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross. The study was carried out in the conditions of the scientific poultry factory of Belgorod State University named after V.Ya. Gorin. There were 4 groups of 100 heads each: I-control, II, III and IV-experimental. As the main diet the chickens of all groups received mixed feed corresponding to the growing periods. In addition to the main diet, the chickens of groups II, III and IV in the periods from 1 to 10 days and from 34 to 38 days of life were given BiSAlTek, Ecacid and NeoTerm acidifiers at the rate of 2.5, 0.5 and 1.5 l/t of water, respectively. The use of additives contributed to a significant, relative to the control, increase in the body weight of chickens of groups II, III and IV by 7.7%; 6.8% and 8.6%, respectively, against the feed cost reduction per 1 kg of the body weight by 8.3%; 7.7% and 9.5%.
Assessment of the adaptive potential and ecological plasticity of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy for Northwest Russia
Authors: Radyukevich Tatiana , Kartasheva Lyudmila , Danilov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

In Northwest Russia, creation and introduction of new varieties of cereals characterized by early maturity, high adaptive potential and ecological plasticity is one of the most important tasks. A new generation of barley varieties is needed that combines high yields with early maturity, high feed qualities of grain, and resistance to lodging and grain shedding. We carried out field and laboratory studies of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy in an experimental field of the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka". In 2021, Fermersky was transferred for state variety testing. The variety is midseason and the growing season is 72–87 days. Over three years of competitive variety testing (2018–2020), the yield increase was 1.25 t/ha relative to the Suzdalets standard (3.12 t/ha). The highest yield of 5.27 t/ha was obtained in 2019, under conditions of low moisture supply. The average index of ecological plasticity (Jsp) was 1.48 (min 1.11, max 1.94). The adaptive potential (ds/dk) was 7.91 (min 6.92, max 9.08), The Fermerskiy variety consistently formed a high yield and was characterized by ecological plasticity, early maturity, and resistance to diseases and lodging.
Morphological features of the venous bed of the heart of the Baikal seal
Authors: Tarasevich Vyacheslav
Published: October 2021

The article describes the features of venous blood outflow from the heart in the Baikal seal. The objects for the study were corrosion preparations of 11 hearts of the Baikal seal aged from 1 month to 10 years. In our research we used the methods of preparation, filling of vessels with the use of "Kudo" mounting foam, photographing and sketching the branching of vessels. It was established that in the Baikal seal, the outflow of venous blood occurs through the prominent coronary sinus and the large, intermediate, oblique vein of the left atrium, the middle and right heart veins that flow into it. In 18.2% of hearts, a coronary valve was found at the border of the great heart vein and the coronary sinus. The great heart vein begins above the apices of the heart and is formed from the fusing of the 6-11 collateral veins of the wall of the right ventricle, the venous pericardial plexus, and 9-16 branches on the side of the left ventricle. The most variable is the intermediate (marginal) branch, which in most cases has only one branch, however, in 18.2% of cases there are two ones or in 9.1% of cases, there are intermediate branches with a common trunk. The middle vein of the heart is located in the sub-sinus sulcus and anastomoses with the branch of the great vein of the heart, in 9.1% of cases, the valve of the coronary sinus was found at the border with the coronary sinus. The right veins of the heart have 5-6 branches, among which the marginal ones are the most prominent. 27.3% of Baikal seals have a venous sinus formed from the fusion of the middle and right coronary veins, as well as a duct connecting the large cardiac vein with this sinus.
Shelf life of composite flour mixtures
Authors: Kechkin Ivan , Ermolaev Vladimir , Gurkovskaya Elena , Glebova Irina , Yakovchenko Marina , Fedorov Dmitriy
Published: October 2021

Enrichment of food products with proteins, minerals and dietary fiber is possible by introducing grinding products of some cereal crops into wheat flour, i.e. obtaining composite flour mixtures. To date, there is a need to enrich food products with essential fatty acids, especially Linolenic acid (w-3), the deficiency of which leads to serious disruptions in functioning of the human body. Analysis of the lipid composition of various oilseed crops shows that the composition of flaxseed oil as a source of w-3 demonstrates an absolute advantage. The solution to the problem of flour enrichment with essential fatty acids is currently being solved by using crushed flaxseed cake. However, the use of flaxseed cake has several disadvantages. First of all, as studies have shown, the amount of such flaxseed flour in the composition of the composite mixture should be 15-20% to ensure the required amount in essential fatty acids, which significantly impairs the consumer properties of bread. The use of flax seeds directly will significantly reduce their proportion in the composition of the composite mixture.
Informative value of the use of infrared thermography in the complex diagnosis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows
Authors: Latynina Evgeniya Sergeevna , Dyulger Georgy Petrovich , Leontiev Leonid Borisovich
Published: October 2021

The article presents scientific materials on the use of the method of remote infrared thermography in the complex diagnosis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows. The general body temperature and the temperature of the skin surface of individual parts of its body are important indicators of the functional state of the animal body. In veterinary practice, they are widely used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various diseases. Now, the most perfect way to register the spatial distribution of temperatures is the method of infrared thermography. Infrared thermography is the process of obtaining a visible image of an object based on its infrared radiation, which is low-energy and invisible to the human eye. Infrared radiation from the skin depends on both external and internal factors. Their change will undoubtedly affect the thermal conductivity of the body and reflect itself on thermograms in the form of thermal patterns of various color grading. Despite the abundance of factors affecting skin radiation, infrared thermography is a promising method for the timely diagnosis of many diseases. The undoubted advantages of this method are its non-invasiveness, the absence of contraindications and species-specificity, and the non-invasiveness of the examination. In this connection, the purpose of this study was to determine the information content of the use of infrared thermography in the complex diagnosis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows.
Cultivation of promising oil flax varieties in the Trans-Urals
Authors: Karpova Marja , Roznina Nina , Paliy Dmitriy , Lapina Elena , Galyuta Oksana
Published: October 2021

In Russia, flax has been cultivated since ancient times; fiber linen fabrics and other products were produce to meet needs of the population and for exchange. Oil flax was a less common crop, but its cultivation is of great interest.In recent years, worldwide interest in the use of flaxseed oil has increased due to its healing properties and high content of linolenic acid. Flaxseed oil removes cholesterol, improves the metabolism of proteins and fats, normalizes blood pressure, and reduces the likelihood of blood clots and tumors. Flaxseed oil reduces the risk of cardiovascular and oncological diseases and allergies. Whole flaxseed is used in various countries as an additive to bread and cereal mixtures. Proteins extracted from flaxseed have a gelatinizing effect and can be used in cooking.Oil flax is a valuable food and industrial crop (seeds, oil, short-fiber, cake and meal). Its seeds contain up to 50% of the most valuable vegetable oil which is the richest source of omega-3 and omega-6. Linseed oil ranks first among industrial oils by the volume of production. It is used in the manufacture of environmentally friendly varnishes, paints, drying oils, which serve as a standard for reliability and durability. Linseed oil is widely used in printing, rubber, electrical and many other industries.
Experimental modeling of the microalgae cultivation in a photobioreactor using manure
Authors: Izmailov Andrey Yu. , Lobachevsky Yakov P. , Dorokhov Aleksey S. , Kozhevnikov Yuri A. , Mamedova Ravza A.
Published: October 2021

The article studies the experimental process of cultivation of microalgae in a photobioreactor (PBR) to study the effect of technological conditions on the productivity of microalgae. This process allows obtaining initial data for the development of closed cycles of using the energy potential of alga mass in heat and power supply of various industries, including agricultural enterprises (livestock complexes, poultry farms, etc.) The scheme of a closed cycle of power supply of the cattle complex allows obtaining hot water, feed additives to the cattle ration, bio humus, motor biofuel and carbon dioxide, which is advisable to use in the process of cultivating microalgae. The experiments were carried out on a photobioreactor for cultivating microalgae with an intelligent control system. The developed photobioreactor differs from the known ones in the pulsating hydrodynamic regime of feeding the nutrient solution, which provides an increase in the productivity of the microalgae cultivation up to 15%. The experimental model of the cultivation conditions of the microalga Ch. Vulgaris on a combined diet (Tamiya medium + manure substrate) showed a noticeable increase in crop productivity when adding cattle manure extract to the nutrient medium in an amount from 30 to 60% (vol.). This can be used in the development of closed cycles of heat and power supply for cattle farms based on biofuels of the third generation, obtained from the phytomass of microalgae.
Study of homeostasis of the body of pigs with the addition of asparaginates to feed
Authors: Ziruk Irina , Egunova Alla , Kopchekchi Marina , Rykhlov Andrey
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the effect of different doses of trace-elements combined with L-aspartic acid (asparaginase) on the overall homeostasis of the body of piglets. Traceelements play the main part in the composition of many organic compounds that maintain the stability of the buffer system of the colloidal state of the liquid and the osmotic pressure in the body. Scientists have proven that metal compounds in the inorganic form, in the composition of feed, are little absorbed by the body. Moreover, the increase of their doses in order to improve the level of assimilation in the body of animals, most often, causes the development of toxicosis. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the effect of different amounts of trace-elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co) in the organic form combined with L-aspartic acid on the overall homeostasis of the body of piglets. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted an experiment on large white pigs in the conditions of a pig farm in the Saratov region. We have proved that in order to normalize the overall homeostasis, as well as to increase the productive indicators of fattening piglets, it is recommended to use a mineral complex based on L-aspartic acid in the amount of 10% of the daily norm of requirements for inorganic trace elements. This topic has not been sufficiently studied in the literature to date.
Stabilization of stallion sperm parameters in the post-vaccination period due to a complex of vitamins
Authors: Naumenkova V. A. , Atroshchenko M. M. , Kalinova A. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of our research was to diminish the damaging effect of vaccination on the quality of stallion sperm and its cryostability. The task was to study the effect of the complex vitamin of tetrahydrovit on sperm parameters under conditions of vaccination against leptospirosis. Stallions that were vaccinated against leptospirosis were divided into 3 groups: the first –control, without vitamin supplements, the second – with the addition of 2 ml of tetrahydrovit vitamin daily, the third group – intramuscular injection of tetrahydrovit 1 time in 7 days. The reaction of the body to the introduction of the vaccine in the group without vitamins proceeded with a significant decrease in the quality of sperm in the first two weeks. Later, the motility and the number of whole membranes of fresh sperm gradually improved, but the survival rate of chilled and frozen sperm remained low until the end of the observations. Among stallions in the experimental groups, which were given tetrahydrovit vitamin (orally or intramuscularly), the decrease in sperm parameters was insignificant, within the usual fluctuations, which allowed one to avoid culling spermodoses. Tetrahydrovit vitamin promotes a stabilizing effect on the quality indicators of sperm of stallions-producers after vaccination.
Effect of cows lineage on milk and butter composition in black-motley cows
Authors: Babushkin V , Negreeva A , Gagloev A
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of the study into the composition and properties of milk in black and- white dairy cows improved using black-and-white Holsteins of different lines. It has been found that cows of the Vis Ideal line produce milk with a high casein and phosphorus content, cows of the Poseidon line give milk with a high content of whey proteins, and cows of the Annas Adema line produce milk with a high lactose and calcium content. Milk from cows of the Vis Ideal line is most suitable for the production of high-quality dairy products such as butter and cheese. Usinng the milk of cows of the VIs Ideal line is better for the production of high-quality dairy products. The milk of all the analyzed genotypes is suitable for the production of high-quality sweet cream butter, but the most qualitative product is obtained when using the milk of cows of black-and-white improved cattle of the Vis Ideal line.
Influence of physical properties of injectable drugs based on Florfenicol and on the adaptability of application in animal husbandry
Authors: Trotsenko Victor , Logunova Ella , Trotsenko Irina , Abdylmanova Rayhan
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the influence of the physical properties of Florfenicol preparations on the performance of procedures for its intramuscular administration in the conditions of livestock enterprises. It is indicated that the dynamic viscosity of the preparations has the greatest influence on the processability of performing this operation. The established dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the temperature showed that in the range from 16 to 26°C, the dynamic viscosity varies from one and a half to two times, depending on the type of preparation. At the same time, the rate of drug intake into the syringe and its injection is within acceptable limits.
Flux recovery for Cut Finite Element Method and its application in a posteriori error estimation
Authors: Capatina Daniela , He Cuiyu
Published: October 2021

In this article, we aim to recover locally conservative and H(div) conforming fluxes for the linear Cut Finite Element Solution with Nitsche’s method for Poisson problems with Dirichlet boundary condition. The computation of the conservative flux in the Raviart–Thomas space is completely local and does not require to solve any mixed problem. The L2-norm of the difference between the numerical flux and the recovered flux can then be used as a posteriori error estimator in the adaptive mesh refinement procedure. Theoretically we also prove the global reliability and local efficiency. The theoretical results are verified in the numerical results. Moreover, in the numerical results we also observe optimal convergence rate for the flux error.
Perioperative Ketoazidose unter SGLT2-Hemmer
Authors: Buck Sandra , Russo Sebastian G.
Published: October 2021

SGLT2-Inhibitoren stellen eine relativ neue Substanzklasse zur Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus dar. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer seltenen, aber gravierenden Nebenwirkung – der euglykämischen Ketoazidose – sollten Anästhesisten mit den pharmakologischen Eigenschaften und dem Risikoprofil der Substanz vertraut sein. Dieser Fall beschreibt exemplarisch den perioperativen Verlauf einer atypischen Ketoazidose unter Therapie mit SGLT2i.
Tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen bei Intensivpatienten mit
COVID-19-Infektion – Einfluss eines standardisierten
Therapieregimes
Authors: Goßlau Yvonne , Warm Tobias Dominik , Hernandez Cancino Edgar Franklin , Braun Georg , Spring Oliver , Zerwes Sebastian , Hyhlik-Dürr Alexander
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund und Fragestellung Die erhöhte Inzidenz tiefer
Beinvenenthrombosen (TVT) bei Intensivpatienten mit COVID-19-Infektion ist
mehrfach beschrieben worden. Kann das Thromboserisiko bei diesen Patienten durch
standardisierte Systemtherapie gesenkt werden?

Material und Methoden Nach Etablierung eines Therapiestandards mit
Vollantikoagulation, Gabe von Dexamethason und Rekonvaleszentenplasma wurden 20
Patienten mit COVID-19-Pneumonie auf das Vorliegen einer TVT mittels
Kompressionssonografie gescreent. Als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 20
COVID-Infizierte mit noch uneinheitlicher Therapie, die wir während der 1.
Erkrankungswelle auf das Vorliegen einer Thrombose untersucht haben.

Ergebnisse In der aktuellen Studienpopulation mit standardisiertem
Therapieregime konnten wir keine Thrombose detektieren, wohingegen im
COVID-Kollektiv unserer Voruntersuchung 20% der Erkrankten (n=4) eine TVT
entwickelten. Lungenembolien traten in beiden Gruppen auf; 1 in der 1., 2 in der
2. Kohorte.

Diskussion Durch Vollantikoagulation, Steroidgabe und Verabreichen von
Rekonvaleszentenplasma konnte das TVT-Risiko gesenkt werden. Die dezidierte
Bedeutung der einzelnen Komponenten ist nicht geklärt. Da Blutungen bei
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bisher nur selten beobachtet wurden, scheint eine
großzügige Indikation zur Antikoagulation gerechtfertigt.
Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Dibenzopyridoquinoxaline-Based Nanoaggregates
Authors: Das Subhadeep , Kundu Subhankar , Sk Bahadur , Sarkar Madhurima , Patra Abhijit
Published: October 2021

All-organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have emerged as potential candidates for optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications. However, the development of organic TADF probes with strong emission in the longer wavelength region (> 600 nm) remains a challenge. Strong π-conjugated rigid acceptor cores substituted with multiple donor units can be a viable design strategy to obtain red TADF probes. Herein, 3,6-di-t-butyl carbazole substituted to a dibenzopyridoquinoxaline acceptor core resulted in a T-shaped donor–acceptor–donor compound, PQACz-T, exhibiting red TADF in polymer-embedded thin-films. Further, PQACz-T self-assembled to molecular nanoaggregates of diverse size and shape in THF–water mixture showing bright red emission along with delayed fluorescence even in an aqueous environment. The self-assembly and the excited-state properties of PQACz-T were compared with the nonalkylated analogue, PQCz-T. The delayed fluorescence in nanoaggregates was attributed to the high rate of reverse intersystem crossing. Moreover, an aqueous dispersion of the smaller-sized, homogeneous distribution of fluorescent nanoparticles was fabricated upon encapsulating PQACz-T in a triblock copolymer, F-127. Cytocompatible polymer-encapsulated PQACz-T nanoparticles with large Stokes shift and excellent photostability were demonstrated for the specific imaging of lipid droplets in HeLa cells.
The Unified Visual Function Scale Assessments Show Inter- and Intraobserver Agreement and Correlate with Patient Quality of Life in Skull Base Parasellar Tumors
Authors: Ye Vincent , Makarenko Serge , Gooderham Peter A. , Akagami Ryojo
Published: October 2021

Introduction The authors have previously described the Unified Visual Function Scale (UVFS). Here, we assessed intra- and interobserver reliability of the scale, and investigated correlations with patient quality of life (QoL).

Methods Eight healthcare practitioners independently applied the UVFS in 20 representative cases from our parasellar meningioma series. Scoring was compared with consensus grades assigned by lead authors. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Fleiss's κ, and Cohen's κ, respectively. Patient QoL was assessed Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25) or Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS), and correlated with UVFS grades for each eye.

Results The interobserver ICC was 0.734 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.652–0.811), with Fleiss's κ of 0.758, 0.691, and 0.899 for grades A, B, and C, respectively. The intraobserver ICC was 0.758 (95% CI: 0.638–0.872), and Fleiss's κ was 0.604, 0.268, and 0.910 for grades A, B, and C respectively. The Cohen's κ for agreement between UVFS category grades and consensus grades was 0.816 (95 CI: 0.698–0.934). Survey response rate was 51% (27/53). The UVFS demonstrated strong correlation with VFQ-25 subdivisions general vision (r = 0.7712), near activities (r = 0.7262), peripheral vision (r = 0.6722), and driving (r = 0.6608), and also demonstrated strong correlation with the overall ADVS score (r = 0.5902).

Conclusion This study shows that the UVFS is valid within a small subset of observers, and accurately reflects patient QoL. It is robust and practical, which make it suitable for broad implementation.
Surgical Outcome of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Refaat Mohamed I. , Abdallah Omar Y.
Published: October 2021

Background Giant vestibular schwannomas, more than 4.5 cm in diameter, are still representing the majority of vestibular schwannomas in developing countries. The philosophy of incomplete and intracapsular tumor excision has been introduced in the management of these giant tumors, balancing the long-term tumor control and postoperative clinical outcome.

Objective The aim was to review the cases with giant vestibular schwannomas and studying their prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates.

Patients and Methods This study was conducted retrospectively on data of patients who had undergone microsurgical excision of vestibular schwannomas in our institute between January and December 2017. The functional outcome of the patients was assessed by comparing the preoperative and the postoperative neurological examination, as well as the Karnofsky performance score.

Results Twenty-two cases with vestibular schwannomas were included in this study. Among these 22 cases, 15 cases had giant vestibular schwannomas (68.2%). The tumors’ largest extracanalicular diameters ranged from 4.5 cm to 6.2 cm. Postoperative images showed gross total excision of the tumor in 11 cases (73.3%), and subtotal excisions in four cases (26.7%). Twelve cases (80%) had postoperative facial palsy. We encountered no mortality in our cases and three cases (20%) were symptom-free postoperatively (apart from hearing affection).

Conclusion Large and giant vestibular schwannomas are still commonly met in neurosurgical practice in developing countries; they have different behaviors and presentations from those of smaller tumors. Both patient and surgeon expectations from surgery should be toward no mortality and mild or no morbidities.
Posterior Circulation Intervention but Mind the Spinal Cord!
Authors: Siddiqui Shahyan Mohsin , Prasad Chandrajit , Pendharkar Hima , Bhagavatula Indira Devi , Kulanthaivelu Karthik
Published: October 2021

Spinal cord infarction (SCI), a rare complication following endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms, is infrequently recognized in the periprocedural period. We illustrate the same with digital subtraction angiography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in this series of two cases. Categorically, the anterior spinal artery was patent, post-procedure, in both instances. Likely, guiding catheter-induced local flow alterations initiates the pathogenesis. A subsequent insufficiency of radiculomedullary artery (RMA) reinforcements is the probable mechanism leading to hemodynamic compromise. Our observations further reiterate that periprocedural antiplatelet therapy is conceivably ineffective in preventing SCI. Besides, advanced age and uncontrolled hypertension could potentially exacerbate the periprocedural RMA compromise. Due vigilance is required to recognize this rare and potentially life-threatening complication in posterior circulation neurovascular intervention.
Zenker Diverticulum: Does Size Correlate with Preoperative Symptoms?
Authors: Martinez-Paredes Jhon F. , Alfakir Razan , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Rutt Amy
Published: October 2021

Introduction Zenker diverticulum (ZD) usually affects adults after the 7th decade of life. Treatment for ZD is indicated for all symptomatic patients, but some patients prefer to defer surgical treatment until symptoms get worse and decrease their quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the association of the preoperative symptoms in ZD patients with the size of the ZD.

Methods A retrospective study design. Electronic medical records were used to identify patients diagnosed with ZD and treated over 11 years. Data collection included the chief complaints and symptoms, medical history, and findings on radiologic swallow evaluations of the patients. The diverticulum size was stratified into 3 groups: small (< 1 cm), moderate (1–3 cm), and large (> 3 cm).

Results A total of 165 patients were enrolled and stratified by diverticulum size (48 small, 67 medium, and 50 large). Dysphagia, cough, and regurgitation were the most prevalent symptoms. Dysphonia was more frequent among patients with a small pouch. Logistic regression analysis showed that dysphagia and choking were associated with large and medium diverticulum size (p < 0.05). Additionally, dysphonia was significantly associated with the presence of a small-sized ZD (p < 0.04).

Conclusion Upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia and choking may be associated with a ZD > 1 cm and should always be evaluated. Additionally, the presence of dysphonia was found to be correlated with a ZD < 1 cm, suggesting that a prompt and appropriate fluoroscopic evaluation must be considered in those patients in whom no other clear cause of dysphonia is evident.
Radiographic Evaluation of Elbow Fractures
Authors: Alidina Sameer , Alidina Jasim , Souza Felipe , Kalandiak Steven , Subhawong Ty K.
Published: October 2021

Fractures and dislocations of the elbow are a common cause of emergency department visits each year. Radiography remains the bedrock of an initial injury assessment, and recognition of distinctive injury patterns based on fracture location, morphology, and severity, guides optimal clinical decision-making. This article reviews basic elbow anatomy, frequently seen fractures and injury patterns, and highlights how these findings influence surgical planning and patient management.
Imaging Evaluation of Medial and Lateral Elbow Pain: Acute and Chronic Tendon Injuries of the Humeral Epicondyles
Authors: Daniels Steven P. , De Tolla Jadie E. , Azad Ali , Fritz Jan
Published: October 2021

Medial and lateral elbow pain are often due to degenerative tendinosis and less commonly due to trauma. The involved structures include the flexor-pronator tendon origin in medial-sided pain and the extensor tendon origin in lateral-sided pain. Multimodality imaging is often obtained to verify the clinically suspected diagnosis, evaluate the extent of injury, and guide treatment decisions. Image-guided procedures can provide symptom relief to support physical therapy and also induce tendon healing. Surgical debridement and repair are typically performed in refractory cases, resulting in good to excellent outcomes in most cases. In this article, we review and illustrate pertinent anatomical structures of the distal humerus, emphasizing the structure and contributions of the flexor-pronator and extensor tendon origins in acute and chronic tendon abnormalities. We also discuss approaches to image-guided treatment and surgical management of medial and lateral epicondylitis.
Translation and Validation of the Indonesian MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) in Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Swallowing Disorders
Authors: Fakhriani Rizka , Surono Agus , Rianto Bambang Udji Djoko
Published: October 2021

Introduction Dysphagia is common in head and neck cancer patients; it is associated with significant morbidity, including quality of life. Several instruments can be used to assess the quality of life of dysphagia patients, including the M.D Anderson dysphagia inventory (MDADI) questionnaire, which is sufficiently valid and reliable to improve the quality of life of patients with neurological disorders and head and neck cancer.

Objective The purpose of the present study is to perform adaptation, cultural translation, and validation of the MDADI questionnaire for the Indonesian language.

Methods This cross-sectional study assessed the validity and reliability of the MDADI Indonesian adaptation instrument in head and neck cancer patients with swallowing disorders in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic of the Dr. Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta, from May to August 2019.

Results There were 40 study subjects, including 31 men and 9 women. The MDADI instrument adapted to Indonesian is valid and reliable as an instrument for assessing the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer with swallowing disorders, with r-values ranging from 0.314 to 0.939. Internal consistency shows that Cronbach's α is 0.915, and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation) ranges from 0.919 to 0.985.

Conclusion The translation and validation of the Indonesian MDADI instrument were performed as an instrument for assessing the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients with swallowing disorders.
Rechtskolumne: Vorsicht bei der Strukturprüfung
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: October 2021

Krankenhäuser müssen die Einhaltung von Strukturmerkmalen auf Grund des vom BfARM herausgegebenen Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssels durch den Medizinischen Dienst (MD) begutachten lassen, bevor sie entsprechende Leistungen abrechnen. Das bedeutet: Leistungen dürfen ab dem Jahr 2022 nicht mehr vereinbart und nicht abgerechnet werden, wenn die Einrichtung die Strukturmerkmale der beantragten Leistung nicht oder nicht mehr erfüllt.
Krankenhäuser in ländlichen Regionen: Gegen das System
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2021

Zunehmende Ambulantisierung, steigende Qualitätsanforderungen, hohe Defizite – kleine Krankenhäuser in ländlichen Regionen haben es schwer. Eine der entscheidenden Fragen ist, wie sie zukunftsfähig sein können, statt geschlossen zu werden. Konzepte gibt es einige in der Republik, und fast immer hoffen die Verantwortlichen auf einen klaren Systemwechsel. kma stellt Beispiele vor.
Low-Code-Entwicklungsplattformen: Digitalisierungprojekte effizienter und schneller umsetzen
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2021

Ob Umstellung auf die nächste SAP-Generation oder Umsetzung von KHZG-Fördermaßnahmen: Auf die IT-Abteilungen kommt in nächster Zeit viel Arbeit zu. Matthias Wiesenauer von Deloitte erläutert im Interview, wie Krankenhäuser die anstehenden Aufgaben mit Hilfe von Low-Code besser bewältigen.
Orbital angular momentum of light for communications
Authors: Willner Alan E. , Pang Kai , Song Hao , Zou Kaiheng , Zhou Huibin
Published: October 2021

Structured light, especially beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), has gained much interest due to its unique amplitude and phase structures. In terms of communication systems, multiple orthogonal OAM beams can be potentially utilized for increasing link capacity in different scenarios. This review describes challenges, advances, and perspectives on different aspects of the OAM-based optical communications, including (a) OAM generation/detection and (de)multiplexing, (b) classical free-space optical communication links, (c) fiber-based communication links, (d) quantum communication links, (e) OAM-based communications in different frequency ranges, (f) OAM-based communications using integrated devices, and (g) novel structured beams for communications.
Innovative mass spectrometer for high-resolution ion spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Yu Ran , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: October 2021

Conventional ion spectroscopy is inapplicable for ions produced in low concentrations or with low spectral resolutions. Hence, we constructed a high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization (HR VUV-MATI) spectrometer composed of a four-wave frequency mixing cell capable of generating long-lasting and intense VUV laser pulses of ∼1 × 1010 photons/pulse at wavelengths of 123.6–160.0 nm, a space-focused linear time-of-flight photoionization chamber with a new ion-source assembly, and a compact molecular beam chamber with a temperature-controlled pulsed nozzle for ion spectroscopy. The ion-source assembly and pulsing schemes enabled an ∼15-μs-delayed but extremely weak pulsed-field-ionization of the molecules in the zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) states and first-order space focusing of the generated MATI ions. These ZEKE states were effectively generated by a minute electric jitter from the high-lying Rydberg states, which were initially prepared via VUV photoexcitation. The spectral and mass resolutions (∼5 cm−1 and 2400, respectively) and the signal strength were simultaneously enhanced using this spectrometer. Moreover, it could be used to measure the fine vibrational spectrum from the zero-point level of the cation and the exact adiabatic ionization energy of the neutral molecule. Additionally, it could be used to measure the appearance energies of the photoproducts and elucidate the vibrational structures of the cationic isotopomers, utilizing other pulsing schemes. Furthermore, this spectrometer could be used to analyze the congested vibrational spectrum of a cation with multiple conformations. Thus, the HR VUV-MATI spectrometer—a potential alternative to photoelectron spectrometers—can be used to analyze the conformational structure-dependent reactivities.
An online system for calculating and delivering long-term carrying capacity information for Queensland grazing properties. Part 2: modelling and outputs
Authors: Zhang B. , Fraser G. , Carter J. , Stone G. , Irvine S. , Whish G. , Willcocks J. , McKeon G.
Published: October 2021

A combination of field data and models have been used to estimate long-term carrying capacity (LTCC) of domestic livestock in Queensland grazing lands. These methods have been synthesised and coupled with recent developments in science and information technology to provide a fully-automated approach of modelling LTCC through the FORAGE online system. In this study, the GRASP model was used to simulate pasture growth with parameter sets and safe pasture utilisation rates defined for 225 land types across Queensland. Distance to water points was used to assess the accessibility of pastures to livestock. Spatial analysis classified the property into unique areas based on paddock, land type and distance to water points, which estimated pasture growth, pasture utilisation and accessibility at a sub-paddock scale. Thirteen foliage projective cover (FPC) classes were used in modelling the pasture system to deal with the non-linear relationship between tree and grass interactions. As ‘proof of concept’, remotely-sensed individual-date green ground cover data were used to optimise the GRASP model parameters to improve the model performance, and a Monte Carlo analysis provided uncertainty estimates for model outcomes. The framework provides an efficient and standardised method for estimating LTCC. To test the system, LTCCs from 43 ‘benchmark’ properties were compared with simulated LTCCs, and 65% of the modelled LTCCs were within ± 25% of the benchmark LTCCs. Due to uncertainties in model inputs at the property scale and in model simulation, the modelled LTCC should be used as a starting point for further refinement of actual property LTCC.
Deformation-induced phase transformation and twinning in Fe and Fe–C alloys
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Hao , Ou Xiaoqin , Gu Ji , Song Min
Published: October 2021

The phase transformations and twinning in a nano-sized face-centred cubic (FCC) crystal of iron with different carbon contents are studied by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The simulation cells are stretched uniaxially along the [Formula: see text] direction. It is found that the FCC matrix transforms into the body-centred cubic (BCC) phase following the Nishiyama–Wassermann orientation relationship (OR). Then, the ‘BCC[Formula: see text] hexagonal close-packed (HCP)’ and ‘BCC[Formula: see text] FCC’ transformations occur following different variants of the Burgers OR and the Pitsch OR, respectively. The [Formula: see text] twins form between two neighbouring BCC grains. Additionally, the carbon atoms can destabilise the BCC phase, inhibit the phase transformation and pin phase interfaces, leading to tiny BCC twins.
Recent advances in UV photodetectors based on 2D materials: a review
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Khan Mustaque A , Kumar Mahesh
Published: October 2021

Since the discovery of graphene there has been a strong interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials among the scientific community due to their extraordinary properties. Although ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on bulk wide bandgap semiconductors exhibit a good response, their photodetection performance significantly diminishes as their thickness is reduced to atomic scale, due to poor absorption and surface dangling bonds. 2D layered materials are free of dangling bonds and have a layer-dependent tunable bandgap and optoelectronic properties. Even an atomically thin layer of a 2D material shows high absorption due to strong light–matter interaction. 2D materials are attracting a lot of attention due to their compatibility with flexible, wearable devices and the ease of making van der Waals heterostructures. Although graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have shorter band gaps, these materials can be easily integrated with other wide bandgap materials for UV detection, and such integration has often produced extraordinary device performance. Also, low bandgap, strong UV-absorbing 2D materials can be utilised for UV detection by using an optical bandpass filter. Recently, wide-bandgap 2D materials such as gallium sulphide (GaS), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and bismuth oxychlorides (BiOCls) have been explored for application in UV photodetection. Many of these wide bandgap materials show extraordinary UV photodetection performance.
Transient diffusion and thermal processes in a finite one-dimensional harmonic crystal
Authors: Krivtsov A M , Murachev A S , Tsvetkov D V
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an instant homogeneous thermal perturbation in the periodic one-dimensional harmonic crystal is studied. The exact solution for thermal and diffusive characteristics is obtained, namely, particle velocity dispersion (kinetic temperature) and particle displacement dispersion. It is found that thermal and diffusion processes demonstrate a quasi-periodic recurrence. The recurrence interval is equal to the time it takes the sound wave to travel the half-length of the crystal. The ‘thermal echo’ (sharp peaks in kinetic temperature) occurs in the system with the specified periodicity. Diffusion characteristics reveal large-scale time changes with a nearly complete return to the initial state at each quasi-period. It is also shown that the spatial mean squared displacements of particles are significantly different from the ensemble mean squared displacements.
Sulfur dopant-enhanced neutral hydrogen evolution performance in MoO3 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Lingchang , Qi Gaocan , Liu Xijun
Published: October 2021

Developing nonprecious-metal based catalysts with highly active and stable performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral media is crucial points for realizing low-carbon economy because their practical use typically suffers from the slow kinetics. Herein, we developed S-doped MoO3 nanosheets toward neutral HER, fabricated by a versatile solvothermal and subsequently sulfuration processes. The obtained catalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 106 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M phosphate buffered saline, overwhelming most of recently reported catalysts. Meantime, it shows no notable deactivation after more than 60 h continuous electrolysis and 50 000 cycling tests. More importantly, the catalyst also can be applied in buffered seawater for electrocatalyzing HER, requiring 262 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and maintaining over 60 h. These findings open a new route for designing MoO3-based catalysts for neutral hydrogen production.
Functionalizing phenethylammonium by methoxy to achieve low-dimensional interface defects passivation for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Meng Fanbin , Shang Xueni , Gao Deyu , Zhang Wei , Chen Cong
Published: October 2021

Low dimensional interface passivation has been proved to be an efficient method to lessen the nonradiative recombination loss in perovskite solar cells. To overcome the limitation of Phenethylammonium (PEA+) for carrier transport and water molecule intrusion, we developed a modification strategy by functioning the typical PEA+ with the 4-methoxy to optimize the interface defects and carrier transport performance, thus maximizing the synchronous improvement of device efficiency and stability. Our results indicate that the 2 mg ml−1 4-methoxy-phenethylammonium (MeO-PEA+) modified device could achieve a best power conversion efficiency of 19.64% with improved shelf-life stability in ambient conditions. The new passivation molecule of MeO-PEA+ could possess the capability of defect passivation, carrier transfer, and moisture blocking, demonstrating that rationally designed organic components for interface passivation could help to achieve efficient and stable PSCs.