bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reframing the Public Humanities: The Tensions, Challenges & Potentials of
a More Expansive Endeavor
Authors: Berkowitz Carin , Gibson Matthew
Published: August 2022

This essay assesses the so-called crisis in the humanities from the vantage point of the state humanities councils, looking at the richness and increasing diversity of public humanities work happening outside the academy. The essay posits that the humanities are flourishing in a variety of public spaces, where voices outside the academy are more effectively questioning what it means to commemorate the past and build in community and meaning through that process. But even with such work thriving, the humanities face challenges. Some of those challenges are related to definitional and communications issues in and between both the academic and public sectors. Other challenges are related to access and allocation of resources. While this essay does not pretend to have “answers “ to these perennial issues, it suggests that both the academy and the public might benefit from and create more lasting and relevant impact from bridge-building that marries the expertise and knowledge from both communities.
Opening the Humanities to New Fields & New Voices
Authors: Sánchez George J.
Published: August 2022

This essay explores efforts to enact effective “public humanities” among humanities practitioners as the “public” in the United States is changing profoundly. In particular, it explores the creation of the Boyle Heights Museum in East Los Angeles as an attempt to bridge the gap in historical practice and outreach between an immigrant and Latino community with a team of faculty, doctoral, and undergraduate students from the University of Southern California. Building four historical exhibitions in the Boyle Heights community, this team is a reflection of the growing awareness of the need to establish new institutional practices in archiving and historical presentations that reach new immigrant communities. New PhD students are in search of approaches to historical training, publishing, and output that engage with these new publics. Our own survival in the humanities fields is increasingly dependent on reaching these publics and creating this diversity of the humanities.
Creating Knowledge with the Public: Disrupting the Expert/Audience
Hierarchy
Authors: Meringolo Denise D. , Boot Lee , Johnson Denise Griffin , O'Neill Maureen
Published: August 2022

This essay provides both a philosophy and a case study to define, analyze, and explore community-centered public history practice. In its ideal form, community-centered public history practice strives for equity and inclusion. It is service-oriented. It is often future-focused. On the ground, in real time, community-centered public history practice requires constant recalibration, humility, and active collaboration that can be challenging for academically trained scholars to fully embrace. The coauthors share their experiences and impressions in order to highlight both the difficulty and the value of this work.
The Case for Bringing Experiential Learning into the
Humanities
Authors: Balleisen Edward J. , Chin Rita
Published: August 2022

Drawing on innovative programs at the University of Michigan and Duke University, this essay explores an important trend in humanistic education: the provision of opportunities for experiential learning, whether for undergraduates or graduate students. Avenues for applied humanistic research, such as research-based internships and courses structured around collaborative, client-inflected research projects, provide numerous benefits. In addition to cultivating teamwork, leadership, and communications skills, such experiences build intellectual confidence, expand horizons, and foster motivation to pursue additional research challenges. Although humanistic experiments with experiential learning now abound across higher education, pedagogical conservatism among faculty has slowed the pace of change, with pilots often occurring outside the frameworks of standard curricular structures. We call on departments in the humanities and interpretive social sciences to embrace the promise of engaged, public-facing scholarly endeavor, and to make collaborative research a core feature of curricular expectations for students at all levels.
Religious Studies & the Imagined Boundaries of the
Humanities
Authors: Magness Jodi , Mitchell Margaret M.
Published: August 2022

Religious studies, as taught in American higher education, is in many ways a quintessential instance of the boundlessness of the humanities, since elements of religious traditions and practices are pervasive in literature, history, art, political science, philosophy, law, music, and so on. At the same time, questions about the definition of “religion,” about what constitutes legitimate “religion” protected as such by “religious freedom,” and about what privileges such “freedom” should entail affect many aspects of our lives as a nation, from the home to the workplace and to the public square. Informed and reasoned inquiry into religious traditions, texts, rituals, and practices is an essential component of civic life, on both individual and public levels. This is acutely the case in the present moment, even as religious studies faces significant challenges in the contemporary climate, both in higher education and our wider culture. We urge its protection and support into the future.
Making the Physical Real in the Psychical: How Intoxicants Intervened in the Formation of the Biological Subject in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Perkins-McVey Matthew
Published: August 2022

This paper explores the formative role of substances of intoxication in the social and scientific establishment of the biological subject in late nineteenth-century Germany. Sourcing the emergence of substances of intoxication as “vital substances” from Brunonianism, this narrative traces their initial significance for Romantic physiology, followed by their rejection from neo-mechanical scientific physiology. Emphasis is placed on late nineteenth-century psychological research on the effects of intoxicants on the mind as the site of a dynamic encounter between theories of the mind and the body, particularly through Kraepelin’s concept of intoxication as model psychosis, and his related research. The biological subject, here, is anti-vitalistic, and, yet, conceptually distinct from neo-mechanism.
Second Chance
Authors: Rosengarten Ruth
Published: August 2022

In this intimate memoir, Ruth Rosengarten explores the subject of evocative objects through a series of interconnected essays.

Evocative objects reflect our attitudes to our own lives and how we seek to display ourselves to ourselves. They are therefore, closely linked to our memories, and how we filter, process and reconstruct them. Rosengarten explores the themes and associations invoked by her own evocative objects, which are frequently shabby things of no material value. They are, importantly, often objects that, in their materiality, bear traces of actions, of something-having-been. Through the associative pathways that these objects have paved, she discusses her experiences with the losses she has undergone, her family’s migrations, and what it means to be a childless woman. This leads her to address the question of what will become of her storied objects and the memories attached to them when she is no longer in existence.

This memoir offers an interdisciplinary approach to collecting and compiling fragments of one’s life, paying close attention to the evocative objects that embody us. In doing so, these essays explore loss, memory, childlessness, longing, family history, literature and art theory through material entities which reveal the immaterial ‘things’ at the heart of this study. This book is sure to be of interest to anyone stimulated by memory work and the relationship between humans and their possessions.
Understanding How Student Support Practitioners Navigated Ideal Worker Norms During COVID-19: The Role of Job-Crafting
Authors: Bettencourt Genia M. , Irwin Lauren N. , A. Kitchen Joseph , B. Corwin Zoë
Published: August 2022

Student support practitioners (SSPs) play a key role in supporting at-promise (low-income, first-generation college, and/or racially minoritized) students in higher education. However, delivering such support can lead to stress and burnout when practitioners do not receive commensurate support and flexibility to do their jobs. In this study, we examined how SSPs supported students while fulfilling their needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data collected during 2020 to 2021 as part of a longitudinal study of a comprehensive college transition program at three midwestern universities, we examine how SSPs engaged in job crafting during the pandemic. Our findings reveal that job crafting largely perpetuated and expanded ideal worker norms during the pandemic. Implications from this research suggest the need to consider how to institutionally support job crafting in ways that center the needs of SSPs.
Old Rules for New Times: Sportswomen and Media Representation in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McDonald Brent , McLachlan Fiona , Spaaij Ramón
Published: August 2022

During the first few months of the pandemic, professional sport around the globe stopped, as competitions and leagues were cancelled, postponed, or went into hiatus while sport administrators scrambled to work out ways to reboot their product in a COVID-19 world. Sport media outlets were faced with the task of reporting on sport and filling the void for fans in the absence of any live content. This article is concerned with the content, both in quantity and quality that fans of women’s sport could consume in those first months. In the context of the current “boom” in women’s professional sports, we draw on the analysis of two online sport media sites to consider the narratives of female athletes that fans had access to. The findings suggest that during the beginning of the pandemic sport stories about women were largely erased and replaced by those appealing to a very different fan market.
Do Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries Have Similar Prognosis Compared to Ones with MI-CAD?
Authors: Jia Fang , Fei Si-Fan , Tong De-Bing , Zhang Sheng , Li Jian-Jun
Published: August 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and it is primarily caused by acute plaque disruption and coronary occlusion. Recent studies suggest that myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) also occurs but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood until recently. The evidence also suggests that the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with MINOCA are similar to AMI patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD), including all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. The present narrative review considers the risk factors, pathological changes, and outcomes associated with MINOCA and compares them with MI-CAD.
Enhanced Neonatal Pulse Oximetry Sounds for the First Minutes of Life: A Laboratory Trial
Authors: Clarke Hugh , Leav Samnang , Zestic Jelena , Mohamed Ismail , Salisbury Isaac , Sanderson Penelope
Published: August 2022

Objective

Auditory enhancements to the pulse oximetry tone may help clinicians detect deviations from target ranges for oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR).

Background

Clinical guidelines recommend target ranges for SpO2 and HR during neonatal resuscitation in the first 10 minutes after birth. The pulse oximeter currently maps HR to tone rate, and SpO2 to tone pitch. However, deviations from target ranges for SpO2 and HR are not easy to detect.

Method

Forty-one participants were presented with 30-second simulated scenarios of an infant’s SpO2 and HR levels in the first minutes after birth. Tremolo marked distinct HR ranges and formants marked distinct SpO2 ranges. Participants were randomly allocated to conditions: (a) No Enhancement control, (b) Enhanced HR Only, (c) Enhanced SpO2 Only, and (d) Enhanced Both.

Results

Participants in the Enhanced HR Only and Enhanced SpO2 Only conditions identified HR and SpO2 ranges, respectively, more accurately than participants in the No Enhancement condition, ps < 0.001. In the Enhanced Both condition, the tremolo enhancement of HR did not affect participants’ ability to identify SpO2 range, but the formants enhancement of SpO2 may have attenuated participants’ ability to identify tremolo-enhanced HR range.

Conclusion

Tremolo and formant enhancements improve range identification for HR and SpO2, respectively, and could improve clinicians’ ability to identify SpO2 and HR ranges in the first minutes after birth.

Application

Enhancements to the pulse oximeter tone to indicate clinically important ranges could improve the management of oxygen delivery to the neonate during resuscitation in the first 10 minutes after birth.
Is Terrorism Really a Weapon of the Weak? Debunking the Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Fortna Virginia Page
Published: August 2022

That terrorism is a “weapon of the weak” is such deeply held conventional wisdom it has become almost a cliché. “Weak” means many different things in the literature, however, and little rigorous empirical research has tested the contention that weaker groups, however conceived, are more likely to employ terrorism. This article explores prominent weapon of the weak arguments to develop testable hypotheses about group strength and the prevalence of terrorism. Using measures of deliberately indiscriminate attacks on civilians by rebel groups in civil conflicts, as well as multiple measures of rebel strength, it examines systematically whether weaker groups are more likely to employ terrorism. I find surprisingly little empirical support for the conventional wisdom. There is no clear or consistent evidence that deliberately indiscriminate terrorism is a weapon of the weak rather than the strong.
Delay in Prosecution as a Mitigating Factor in Hong Kong: Towards Doctrinal Coherence
Authors: To Chi Pong , Wan Trevor TW
Published: August 2022

Unreasonable delay in prosecution is widely recognised as a mitigating factor in sentencing. Nevertheless, to date there is only scattered judicial discussion and academic literature on its doctrinal bases in Hong Kong. This article undertakes the task of exploring whether sentencing courts in Hong Kong have crystallised a coherent doctrinal basis or rationale underlying this mitigating factor. A thorough review of the case law reveals four different doctrinal bases, namely fairness, rehabilitation, public interest, and delay per se . These bases, however, rest on shaky doctrinal foundations and cannot withstand analytical scrutiny. Recognising this undesirable state of the law, this article ventures into proposing an alternative doctrinal basis for this mitigating factor, rooted in the constitutional right to be tried without undue delay enshrined in art. 87(2) of the Hong Kong Basic Law and art. 11(2)(c) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights. This new basis, we contend, will offer the much-needed coherence to the law.
The growth of a research field: A systematic analysis of Brazilian theses and dissertations on railways (1974–2020)
Authors: Lico Tamires Saccharine , Gomes Andreza Vellasco , Rocha Nicolle Oliveira , de Oliveira Eduardo Romero
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to conduct a critical review of the academic works on railway history in Brazil. We read and analysed 492 theses and dissertations by graduate students in Brazil (published from 1974 to 2020). A qualitative and quantitative approach was used over time to characterise the increasing production of academic theses and dissertations on railway history in Brazil and which authors, bibliographies, archives, and historical sources have become essential for railway researchers. The results of this review indicate that several academic areas are interested in the theme and some authors have become references to the most varied railway studies. In recent decades, authors who research more specific subjects have gained greater visibility in graduation essays. The bibliography of their studies should be interpreted according to how sources change with time. Authors of the reviewed papers had to use alternatives to research railways due to archival issues and instability of access to documents.
A 3-Pronged Approach for Teaching Psychology Students to Understand and Avoid Plagiarism
Authors: Giuliano Traci A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Because plagiarism is such a common form of academic dishonesty, many instructors are seeking ways to effectively teach students to avoid plagiarism.

Objective

The current study tested the effectiveness of a 3-pronged intervention to teach students in an upper-level psychology course to better understand plagiarism.

Method

The intervention involved three different assignments across the first part of the semester: an online plagiarism tutorial, an in-class lecture over a plagiarism handout, and a follow-up homework exercise that helped students apply what they learned from the tutorial and handout.

Results

Study 1 showed that students in the intervention class scored higher on an end-of-semester plagiarism test compared to a control group of classes that did not use the intervention. Study 2 replicated these results and ruled out the possibility of preexisting differences in plagiarism knowledge by comparing plagiarism test scores on a beginning-of-semester pretest and an end-of-semester posttest in both the intervention and control classes.

Conclusion

The results of this naturalistic, quasi-experimental study suggest that multiple exposures to anti-plagiarism instruction in different formats can be effective.

Teaching Implications

Psychology instructors can improve students’ understanding of plagiarism and how to avoid it by using this 3-pronged approach in their courses.
Using machine learning technology based on fuzzy neural network and geophysical data to predict the shale gas sweet spots: A case study of lower silurian longmaxi formation in Wy Block, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Chen Sheng , Dong Shitai , Wang Xiujiao , Yang Qing , Dai Chunmeng , Yang Hao , Dai Xiaofeng , Jiang Ren , Li Wenke
Published: August 2022

Compared with shale gas in north American, it is older, more mature, and significantly difference in China. Taking the Longmaxi Formation of WY block in Sichuan Basin as an example, the quantitative prediction method of sweet spots for high mature shale gas is formed. Firstly, the geophysical response characteristics of shale gas reservoir is studied, and the physical characteristics of the sweet spots are determined. Then, the distributions of reservoir evaluation parameters, such as total organic carbon, brittleness, and others, are obtained by pre-stack simultaneous inversion. Finally, fuzzy neural network method is carried out to predict the distribution of sweet spots and to deploy wells. Shale gas sweet spots in this block vertically concentrate within 30 m above the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation. And two grades of sweet spots are evaluated. The quantitative relationship between the production results of horizontal wells and the evaluation is established with Fuzzy neural network method.
Algorithm and Application of Multi-modal Evacuation Strategy for Intercity Railway Disruption in a Metropolitan Area
Authors: Liu Enze , Ma Shuhong , Barker Kash
Published: August 2022

When an emergency situation befalls the intercity high-speed railway system, response contingency always focuses on mitigating the interruption to the original operation. This study addresses an evacuation problem for stranded passengers by coordination of multi-modal transit, with the immediate recovery of transport corridors and the redesign of transit routes. A multi-modal transit-based evacuation strategy is proposed through a bi-level optimization model. The model simultaneously formulates the selection of lines, vehicle scheduling, and passenger assignment that trades off passenger delay versus operating cost. The upper level uses an integer program to determine the transit lines and fleet size, and the lower level assigns passengers onto multi-modal routes considering their perceptions of transfer and vehicle congestion. A hybrid heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the complexity from back-up conditions and nonlinear on-route utility. The case study is based on a disruption to the Beijing-Hebei metropolitan transit system, which is composed of five transit modes, to analyze the conflicting objectives under different mode combinations and network topologies. The adaptation for demand distribution with regard to trip distance is studied to recommend the vehicle composition in a realistic situation. The application and analysis procedure aim to enhance the decision-support system. Results show that mode combinations could provide time and cost saving solutions and extend the Pareto frontier. Effectiveness of mode combination is not equivalent to different demand distributions. Multi-modal collaboration would effectively accelerate the evacuation and save costs. These findings may be of interest to decision makers developing efficient response strategies to improve post-disruption resilience.
Evaluating the Implementation of the Complete Streets Policy in Louisiana: A Review of Practices and Projects in the Last 10 Years
Authors: Bian Ruijie , Tolford Tara
Published: August 2022

The goal of Complete Streets is to accommodate all road users and draw attention to the needs of those who are vulnerable. In the last 10 years, thousands of local/regional/state agencies in the U.S.A. have adopted Complete Streets policies. However, it is not clear how successfully these policies have been implemented and to what extent agencies have achieved related policy goals. Responding to the call from Louisiana, the research team reviewed the state’s practices and projects over 10 years to evaluate whether/how the state transportation agency has made progress toward the adopted policy goals. Based on the practice review results, much progress has been made compared with where the state started in 2010. However, shifting agency culture to balance multimodal needs is a long-term process. Continuous effort is needed to train and educate staff in both the state agency and local governments. Based on the project review results, improving the state’s project management system could facilitate periodic performance reviews on a more frequent basis. From the perspective of influencing the built environment, more attention should be given to preservation projects to improve routine integration of low-cost safety measures and support decision-making on roadway reconfiguration needs. Although the review was conducted for Louisiana specifically, the review procedure and recommendations may be applicable to other states and government agencies facing challenges in Complete Streets policy implementation.
The Ecuadorian School Food Environment: Association With Healthy and Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption and BMI
Authors: Weigel M. Margaret , Armijos Rodrigo X.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Schools can play an important role in promoting healthy child diet and body weight. However, this issue is understudied in Latin American and other populations undergoing nutrition and epidemiologic transition.

Objectives:

2018 Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey data were used to examine the association of school food sources with healthy and unhealthy food intake and body mass index (BMI) in primary (n = 12632) and secondary students (n = 6617).

Methods:

Data on school food environment characteristics were collected by questionnaire, intakes of fruits, vegetables, plain water, sweetened beverages, processed snacks, and fast foods by food frequency questionnaire, and BMI using measured weight and height. Data were analyzed using multivariable methods.

Results:

The major school food sources were competitive foods sold by commercial outlets (73%), School Breakfast Program (SBP; 52%), and home-packed items (37%). Most (69%) competitive food outlets sold fruits and vegetables but only 44% offered free clean drinking water and 60% sold prohibited “red traffic light” foods. Primary and secondary students who bought competitive foods consumed sweetened beverages, processed snacks, and fast food more frequently than nonpurchasers ( P = .0001). Those who packed home foods had higher fruit and vegetable intakes ( P = .0001). Plain water intakes were reduced among all SBP participants ( P = .0001). However, primary students in the SBP consumed fast foods less frequently ( P = .0001) and had lower average BMI and odds for being obese compared to nonparticipants ( P = .0001).

Conclusion:

The findings from this nationally representative study underscore the important contribution of the school food environment to child nutrition.
Shift to low-impact sports and recreational activities following total knee replacement
Authors: Ventura Alberto , Macchi Vittorio , Borgo Enrico , Legnani Claudio
Published: August 2022

Background:

A growing number of physically active patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) desires to resume their preoperative activity levels and to be able to engage in sports after surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the sporting and physical activities of patients who had undergone TKR. It was hypothesized that the majority of patients treated by TKR would have been able to return to amateur sports and recreational activity .

Methods:

Ninety-seven patients who underwent TKR between 2014 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 70.1 years (range 64–83). Average follow-up time was 4.2 years (SD: 1.7). Assessment included Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Tegner activity level. Sporting and physical activities of all patients were reported. Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test was used for comparison between pre-operative and follow-up data. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:

Both KOOS score and IKDC significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were reported concerning Tegner activity level before and after surgery ( p = n.s.). After surgery, a total number of 52 patients (53.6%) successfully returned to sporting and recreational activities, such as cycling, hiking, dancing and swimming. A return to activity rate of 81% of patients practicing sport before surgery was reported.

Conclusions:

TKR provides a high rate of return to sport postoperatively and confirms improved subjective results and reduced pain compared to preoperative status. However, most patients returned to low-impact activities, while a significant decrease was reported for mid- and high-impact sports.
Collagen/physiologically clotted fibrin-based nanobioscaffold supported with silver nanoparticles: A novel approach
Authors: Senthil Rethinam , Kavukcu Serdar Batıkan , Lakshmi Thangavelu , Gülşah Türkmen , Arife Candaş Adıgüzel Zengin
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

In this work, a blend of collagen, physiologically clotted fibrin (PCF), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is used to develop a nanobioscaffold (NBS), for their possible application in wound dressing materials.

Methods:

The prepared NBS were evaluated using physicochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. The NBS cell viability was demonstrated in a biocompatibility study using the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT).

Results:

The results demonstrated that the NBS had excellent tensile strength (22.15 ± 0.05 MPa), elongation at break (13.32 ± 0.09%), and water absorption (97.51 ± 0.08). The in-vitro study demonstrated its biocompatible nature. NBS exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion:

The NBS with required mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility may be tested as a wound material in rats after getting the necessary approval.
A frame analysis of climate change solutions in legacy news and digital media
Authors: Seelig Michelle I. , Deng Huixin , Liang Songyi
Published: August 2022

A content analysis of legacy news and digital media from March 2015 to December 2018 found modest progress in communicating solutions to combat climate change. However, the mitigation frame continues to overshadow the adaptation frame and less emphasis on preparing for and adjusting to changing climate conditions happening now. Overall, legacy news and digital media still frame climate solutions using familiar terms and visuals that de-emphasize concrete, individual actions to combat climate change.
Investigation on the causality relationship between environmental innovation and energy consumption: Empirical evidence from EU countries
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Radulescu Magdalena , Balsalobre-Lorente Daniel , Rehman Abdul
Published: August 2022

Environmental innovations, investments, and expenses have been identified as an efficient and reliable way of addressing ecological issues. Nevertheless, how environmental innovations, investments, and expenses may influence the level of environmental pollution in European nations and whether the outcome may fluctuate among various environmental innovation indicators remain to be inspected. Therefore, this research is designed to empirically scrutinize the influence of environmental innovations, environmental investment, environmental expenditure, research and development (R&D) expenses, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable and non-renewable energy in a sample of 15 European countries during the period from 2005 to 2018. To achieve this, we apply robust panel econometric estimation techniques. After testing the stationary property of the series, the findings of the Pedroni cointegration test disclose the presence of a long-run stable connection among the series. The empirical results from the ARDL, FMOLS and DOLS regression show that the impact of environmental innovations, environmental expenditure, R&D expenses, and FDI help to reduce overall non-renewable energy and promote renewable energy. In contrast, environmental investment significantly increases non-renewable energy and diminishes renewable energy usage.

Moreover, the findings of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's tests discover a unidirectional causality running from non-renewables and renewables towards environmental investment, environmental expenditure, and FDI. Additionally, bi-directional causality is found between environmental innovations R&D, with both non-renewable and renewable energy utilization. Furthermore, we summarize by arguing that the efforts toward efficient and sustainable use of energy by reducing the combustion of non-renewable energy sources should support modern and innovative strategies by ensuring the transformation of non-renewables with renewable energy sources.
Secret Agents of Influence: Leveraging Social Norms for Good
Authors: Schultz P. Wesley
Published: August 2022

Social norms are one of many agents of influence on human behavior. They are widely recognized as an instigator of behavior change, yet their influence goes largely undetected. They have been implicated in antisocial behaviors, such as tax evasion, bystander apathy, and substance abuse. These agents of influence have also been shown to promote prosocial actions, such as environmental protection and healthy eating. They can influence the outcome of political elections, raise the bottom line of corporate profits, and reduce discrimination. The term social norms refers to an individual’s beliefs about the common and accepted behavior within a group. Research has consistently shown that communications highlighting the large number of people who engage in a desirable behavior can effectively promote change. This has been shown across a wide range of behaviors, but especially pro-environmental behavior and reducing excessive levels of alcohol consumption. Although the basic influence of social norms has been well established, contemporary research continues to uncover moderators of the effectiveness of this influence. These moderators include the magnetic middle, deviations from the norm, personal values, culture, norm activation, reference to changing frequency, and social identity.
Evaluation of benefits and harms of adaptive screening schedules for lung cancer: A microsimulation study
Authors: Cao Pianpian , Jeon Jihyoun , Meza Rafael
Published: August 2022

Background

Although lung cancer screening (LCS) has been proven effective in reducing lung cancer mortality, it is associated with some potential harms, such as false positives and invasive follow-up procedures. Determining the time to next screen based on individual risk could reduce harms while maintaining health gains. Here, we evaluate the benefits and harms of LCS strategies with adaptive schedules, and compare these with those from non-adaptive strategies.

Methods

We extended the Lee and Zelen risk threshold method to select screening schedules based on individual's lung cancer risk and life expectancy (adaptive schedules). We compared the health benefits and harms of these adaptive schedules with regular (non-adaptive) schedules (annual, biennial and triennial) using a validated lung cancer microsimulation model. Outcomes include lung cancer deaths (LCD) averted, life years gained (LYG), discounted quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and false positives per LCD averted. We also explored the impact of varying screening-related disutilities.

Results

In comparison to standard regular screening recommendations, risk-dependent adaptive screening reduced screening harms while maintaining a similar level of health benefits. The net gains and the balance of benefits and harms from LCS with efficient adaptive schedules were improved compared to those from regular screening, especially when the screening-related disutilities are high.

Conclusions

Adaptive screening schedules can reduce the associated harms of screening while maintaining its associated lung cancer mortality reductions and years of life gained. Our study identifies individually tailored schedules that optimize the screening benefit/harm trade-offs.
Adductor canal block in outpatient clinic for pain control after knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Rasyid Faiz A , Romulo Michael A , Lumban-Gaol Imelda , Budhiparama Nicolaas C
Published: August 2022

Background

Successful total knee replacement surgery is influenced by surgery and rehabilitation program. We hypothesized the adductor canal block (ACB) in the outpatient clinic is safe, effective for pain relief and decreases analgesic consumption compared with controls.

Methods

a paired, randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received ACB with 15 mL mixture of ropivacaine 0.2% with isotonic saline and steroids on post-operative day 14 (POD-14) at the outpatient clinic, the control group received daily consumption of analgesic. We evaluated Visual Analog Score (VAS) pain score, and analgesic consumption.

Results

35 subjects for each group. In the ACB group, mean of age was 66.42 years old, mean of BMI was 25.87. The control group, mean of age was 64.11 years old, mean of BMI was 25.95. There were significantly different mean VAS scores of both groups and analgesic consumption of both groups on POD 15th, 17th and 19th ( p = 0.00, 0.000 and 0.001, respectively). Two patients complained about hematoma in their thigh (insertion needle) and recovered.

Conclusions

Single-shot ACB in the outpatient clinic is safe, significantly decreased pain and analgesic consumption and may enhance the rehabilitation program.
Detection of invasive Escherichia coli in dogs with granulomatous colitis using immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ishii Patricia Eri , Suchodolski Jan S. , Duarte Ricardo , Pereira Ana R. C. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Joerg M. , Giaretta Paula R.
Published: August 2022

Granulomatous colitis in dogs can be associated with infection of the colonic mucosa by invasive strains of Escherichia coli. To date, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold-standard method to assess intramucosal and intracellular bacterial invasion. However, FISH requires expensive fluorescence microscopy equipment and is therefore not widely available. We investigated the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative method to detect invasive E. coli in dogs with granulomatous colitis. Archived paraffin-embedded blocks were selected from 26 dogs with colitis, in which FISH had been performed by an outside laboratory. Using a polyclonal antibody, IHC for E. coli was performed on sections cut from the same blocks, and the presence of invasive E. coli was recorded. All 11 specimens in which FISH had detected E. coli were also positive on IHC, with strong immunolabeling in the cytoplasm of macrophages and extracellularly in the lamina propria; all 15 specimens that were negative for invasive bacteria on FISH were also negative on IHC. We found that IHC is a sensitive technique for the detection of invasive E. coli in dogs with granulomatous colitis.
Feasibility of Supported Education for Youth with Mental Illness in Hong Kong
Authors: Young Daniel K.W. , Cheng Yi Ting Daphne , Petrus Y.N. N.G. , Leung Chun Hong , Gan Xiaolin
Published: August 2022

Background: Youth with mental illness face many challenges in educational attainment, including a high school dropout rate. Objectives: This study aims to explore the feasibility of a supported education program for youth with mental illness in Hong Kong. Research Method: Mixed research method was conducted. The quantitative study adopted one group pre- and posttest design involving 34 participants, while the qualitative study involved conducting in-depth semistructured individual interviews for seven participants who completed all training courses. Results: A dropout rate of 23.5% was reported, and more than one-third of participants achieved open employment or educational attainment during the 24-month follow-up period. Qualitative content analysis revealed that all participants benefited from the supported education by enjoying a positive learning environment and achieving personal growth. Conclusion. The results of both quantitative and qualitative studies support the feasibility and efficacy of the supported education for youth with mental illness in Hong Kong.
Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Group Counseling on Depression and Cognition Among Chinese Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Wang Chunyan , Wang Jinfeng , Yu Nancy Xiaonan , Tang Yi , Liu Zhengkui , Chen Tianyong
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused group counseling (SFGC) to reduce depressive symptoms and improve cognitive functions among Chinese rural older adults. Method: In a cluster randomized controlled trial, 290 participants were randomly assigned to a 12-session SFGC intervention or a control group. the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination was adopted to measure depressive symptoms and cognitive functions, respectively, at pretest and posttest. Results: Repeated measure ANOVAs showed a significant group by time effect for both measures. Paired sample t-tests showed that depressive symptoms significantly decreased in the intervention group, but not in the control group. Cognitive functions did not change in the intervention group, but significantly declined in the control group. Conclusions: Our findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of a culturally adapted SFGC for reducing depressive symptoms and protecting cognitive functions among the disadvantaged older adults in a developing country.
Predictability of School Principals’ Leadership Orientation for Their Intentions of Implementing Nutrition Education
Authors: Baloch Fozia Ahmed , Mohamed Ismail Shaik Abdul Malik , Jogezai Nazir Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Healthy food behavior is closely linked with children’s physical and academic well-being. Nutrition education programs continue to be quite effective in educating students about their nutritional food intake. School principals’ leadership role in implementing nutrition education remains pivotal. This quantitative research study aimed to determine the predictive capability of school principals’ leadership orientation for their intentions toward implementing nutrition education. Data were collected from randomly selected 278 secondary school principals. The results indicated that school principals had positive intentions toward implementing nutrition education in their schools. Their leadership frame had a significant predictive capability about their intent to implement nutrition education.
Daily Environments During Emerging Adulthood and Gender Atypical Occupational Choices: The Role of Sexist Experiences
Authors: Lawson Katie M. , Miller Mackenzie J. , Brown Kanila L. , Woodling Chloe M.
Published: August 2022

Past research on occupational choices often focuses on the role of personal attributes. Research is needed that examines whether daily environments and individuals’ reactivity to these environments contribute to occupational choices. This study utilizes experience sampling methodology to examine whether daily sexism and affective reactivity to sexism predict the gender typicality of desired occupations of emerging adults in male-dominated majors (MDMs). 40 women and 40 men college students in MDMs reported desired occupations and experiences of sexism and general mood during the past hour four times a day for 2 weeks – allowing for an examination of whether some individuals report a more negative mood when they recently experienced sexism (i.e., reactivity). Results indicated that higher reactivity to sexism (but not daily sexism) predicted women desiring more female-typed and men desiring more male-typed occupations. Results suggest that career counselors should consider the role of daily sexism in career development.
Characteristics of biscuits containing different proportions of whole mung bean, wheat and rice brown flours
Authors: Rodrigues Larissa Lages , Hashimoto Jorge Minoru , Nabeshima Elizabeth Harumi , Gomes Fernanda de Oliveira , Silva Jurandy do Nascimento , Damasceno E Silva Kaesel Jackson
Published: August 2022

A simplex-centroid design was used to evaluate the effect of proportions (0 to 100%) of whole wheat flour (WWF), whole mung bean flour (WMF) and whole rice flour (BRF) on the quality of cookies savory. The dough cut in the shape of a disks (37 mm × 2 mm) showed a 13% retraction in diameter when they contained exclusively WWF, it was less intense (5%) with BRF and null (0%) with WMF. The dough expansion occurred only vertically, the thicknesses of the WWF, WMF and BRF biscuits were 5.33, 2.79 and 2.13 times greater than the initial dough height, respectively. This characteristic showed high correlations with volumetric expansion (r = 0.95), specific volume (r = 0.90), hardness (r = 0.92), fracturability (r = 0.93) and spread factor (r = −0.96). BRF increased the value of the color difference of the biscuits up to 17.70, the effect of WMF was smaller (6.51). Only the radial expansion index correlated with the trough (r = 0.76), final viscosity (r = 0.79) and setback (r = 0.77) parameters. Considering the main desirable physical characteristics in savory biscuits, the highest global desirability obtained was for the proportion of 49% WWF, 24% WMF and 27% BRF.
Business Models for Sustainable Technology: Strategic Re-Framing and Business Model Schema Change in Internal Corporate Venturing
Authors: Reuter Emmanuelle , Krauspe Tao
Published: August 2022

Established firms often develop new businesses through internal corporate venturing (ICV), for instance, to capture value from novel sustainable technologies. We illuminate the early definition stage of ICV’s by asking: When and how business model schemas—that is, managerial understandings of how value is created and captured— change in ICV? We conduct a qualitative, embedded case study of the change in a business model schema for e-mobility in a Swiss utility’s ICV. We uncover a key trigger: strategic re-framing—the active re-formulation of the definition of a given situation within ICV–top manager interactions. The strategic re-framing’s specificity level provokes either schema restrictions or expansions via the distinct accommodation practices it induces. Our theoretical model of business model schema change contributes to the literatures on managerial cognition, business models, and ICV, suggesting that business model schema change in ICV is a semi-autonomous process that involves both independent and joint endeavors.
Circular Moonshot: Understanding Shifts in Organizational Field Logics and Business Model Innovation
Authors: DiVito Lori , Leitheiser Erin , Piller Charlotte
Published: August 2022

We aim to understand how actors respond to field logic plurality and maintain legitimacy through business model innovation. Drawing on a longitudinal field study in the fashion industry, we traced how de novo and incumbent firms incorporate circular logics in business models (for sustainability) and uncover how the intersection between issue and exchange fields creates institutional complexity and experimental spaces for business model innovation. Our findings showed a shift in the discourse on circular logic that diverted attention and resources from materials innovation (e.g., recycling) to business model innovation (e.g., circular business models). By juxtaposing institutional complexity and external pressure to maintain legitimacy, we derived four strategic business model innovation responses—preserve, detach, integrate and extend—that illuminate how actors leverage shifting logics and innovate extant business models (for sustainability). We make novel contributions to the literature on organizational fields, business models for sustainability, and business model innovation.
Bilateral multiple blisters of retinal pigment epithelium in a healthy young female
Authors: Patel Siddharth , Kumawat Devesh , Shrinkhal  , Patnaik Nisheeta , Garai Arnab , Samanta Ramanuj , Singh Anupam
Published: August 2022

Background/ Purpose

Multiple serous pigment epithelium detachments (PEDs) have been infrequently reported. We report a case of a young female with bilateral innumerable serosanguinous PEDs, giving an appearance of multiple blisters.

Methods

A 26-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in left eye. She had bilateral innumerable translucent blister-like elevations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and a few hemorrhagic blister-like elevations at macula and submacular blood in left eye. Multi-modal fundus imaging was performed. Pneumatic displacement and intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed in left eye.

Results

optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed multiple serous PEDs with pachychoroid morphology in both eyes and few hemorrhagic PEDs at the macula in left eye. The lesions were hypoautofluorescent with a halo of hyperautofluorescence. Fluorescein angiography revealed pooling into the serous PEDs in both eyes and few late leakage points in the area of blocked fluorescence at the macula in left eye. One-month following the intervention, subretinal blood had partially displaced with modest visual acuity gain. However, the patient refused further intravitreal injections.

Conclusion

Bilateral extensive serous PEDs, to the extent noted in this case, have not been previously reported. A widespread RPE-Bruch's membrane defect is suspected.