bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactions to and explanations for the birth of a baby with albinism: a qualitative study in Busoga, Uganda
Authors: Taylor Julie , Bradbury-Jones C , Ogik Peter , Kawuma Fazira , Betts Jane , Lund Patricia
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Babies born with the genetic condition albinism lack pigment in their hair, skin and eyes due to compromised melanin production. This leads to poor vision and the risk of early death due to skin cancer. In Uganda, one of the least developed countries in the world, their lack of pigmentation makes them very different in appearance within their communities. Local explanations of albinism include links to witchcraft and the supernatural. We aimed to explore reactions to the birth of a baby with albinism in Uganda.

Design

Secondary analysis of birth stories derived from qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in sharing circles.

Setting

Interviews took place in the Busoga subregion (kingdom) in the eastern part of Uganda.

Participants

Seventy-three (73) participants took part in eight sharing circles (n=56) and 17 individual interviews. Participants included people with albinism, parents of people with albinism and a range of other interested parties, including local leaders and teachers.

Results

Reactions were generally those of shock and rejection, although cases of acceptance were also recorded. The varied explanations given to account for this unexpected event included accounts involving witchcraft, ghosts, animal familiars and religion, as well as genetics. In a framework surmising that someone must possess a dark skin to be intrinsically valued in African societies a baby with albinism does not fulfil this requirement of ‘personhood’. The mother was often blamed for having produced some ‘thing’ that is not a proper person.

Conclusions

We argue that a biomedical explanation, although unlikely to displace other understandings, helps to establish a baby with albinism as a real person with a genetic difference, and hence fosters greater acceptance.
The pandemic of online research in times of COVID-19
Authors: De Man Jeroen , Campbell Linda , Tabana Hanani , Wouters Edwin
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an explosion of online research using rating scales. While this approach can be useful, two of the major challenges affecting the quality of this type of research include selection bias and the use of non-validated scales. Online research is prone to various forms of selection bias, including self-selection bias, non-response bias or only reaching specific subgroups. The use of rating scales requires contextually validated scales that meet psychometrical properties such as validity, reliability and—for cross-country comparisons—invariance across settings. We discuss options to prevent or tackle these challenges. Researchers, readers, editors and reviewers need to take a critical stance towards research using this type of methodology.
Implementation of medicines pricing policies in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Mirzoev Tolib , Koduah Augustina , Cronin de Chavez Anna , Baatiema Leonard , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Ensor Tim , Agyepong Irene Akua , Wright Judy M , Kretchy Irene A , King Natalie
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Ensuring universal availability and accessibility of medicines and supplies is critical for national health systems to equitably address population health needs. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this is a recognised priority with multiple medicines pricing policies enacted. However, medicine prices have remained high, continue to rise and constrain their accessibility. In this systematic review, we aim to identify and analyse experiences of implementation of medicines pricing policies in SSA. Our ambition is for this evidence to contribute to improved implementation of medicines pricing policies in SSA.

Methods and analysis

We will search: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, Embase, Cairn.Info International Edition, Erudit and African Index Medicus, the grey literature and reference from related publications. The searches will be limited to literature published from the year 2000 onwards that is, since the start of the Millennium Development Goals.

Published peer-reviewed studies of implementation of medicines pricing policies in SSA will be eligible for inclusion. Broader policy analyses and documented experiences of implementation of other health policies will be excluded. The team will collaboratively screen titles and abstracts, then two reviewers will independently screen full texts, extract data and assess quality of the included studies. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion or a third reviewer. Data will be extracted on approaches used for policy implementation, actors involved, evidence used in decision making and key contextual influences on policy implementation. A narrative approach will be used to synthesise the data. Reporting will be informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guideline.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approvals are required for systematic reviews.

Results will be disseminated through academic publications, policy briefs and presentations to national policymakers in Ghana and mode widely across countries in SSA.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020178166.
Covidogram as a simple tool for predicting severe course of COVID-19: population-based study
Authors: Jarkovsky Jiri , Benesova Klara , Cerny Vladimir , Razova Jarmila , Kala Petr , Dolina Jiri , Majek Ondrej , Sebestova Silvie , Bezdekova Monika , Melicharova Hana , Snajdrova Lenka , Dusek Ladislav , Parenica Jiri
Published: February 2021

Objectives

COVID-19 might either be entirely asymptomatic or manifest itself with a large variability of disease severity. It is beneficial to identify early patients with a high risk of severe course. The aim of the analysis was to develop a prognostic model for the prediction of the severe course of acute respiratory infection.

Design

A population-based study.

Setting

Czech Republic.

Participants

The first 7455 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were identified by reverse transcription-PCR testing from 1 March 2020 to 17 May 2020.

Primary outcome

Severe course of COVID-19.

Result

Of a total 6.2% of patients developed a severe course of COVID-19. Age, male sex, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recent history of cancer, chronic heart failure, acid-related disorders treated with proton-pump inhibitors and diabetes mellitus were found to be independent negative prognostic factors (Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) was 0.893). The results were visualised by risk heat maps, and we called this diagram a ‘covidogram’. Acid-related disorders treated with proton-pump inhibitors might represent a negative prognostic factor.

Conclusion

We developed a very simple prediction model called ‘covidogram’, which is based on elementary independent variables (age, male sex and the presence of several chronic diseases) and represents a tool that makes it possible to identify—with a high reliability—patients who are at risk of a severe course of COVID-19. Obtained results open clinically relevant question about the role of acid-related disorders treated by proton-pump inhibitors as predictor for severe course of COVID-19.
Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study
Authors: Du Min , Yang Jie , Han Na , Liu Min , Liu Jue
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Design

We conduced retrospective analyses on two cohorts comprising 7699 pregnant women in Beijing, China, and compared pregnancy outcomes between the pre-COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 May 2019 to 30 November 2019) and the COVID-2019 cohort (women who delivered from 20 January 2020 to 31 July 2020). The secondary impacts of the COVID-2019 pandemic on pregnancy outcomes were assessed by using multivariate log-binomial regression models, and we used interrupted time-series (ITS) regression analysis to further control the effects of time-trends.

Setting

One tertiary-level centre in Beijing, China

Participants

7699 pregnant women.

Results

Compared with women in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic group, pregnant women during the COVID-2019 pandemic were more likely to be of advanced age, exhibit insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain and show a family history of chronic disease (all p<0.05). After controlling for other confounding factors, the risk of premature rupture of membranes and foetal distress was increased by 11% (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18; p<0.01) and 14% (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29; p<0.05), respectively, during the COVID-2019 pandemic. The association still remained in the ITS analysis after additionally controlling for time-trends (all p<0.01). We uncovered no other associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and other pregnancy outcomes (p>0.05).

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, more women manifested either insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain; and the risk of premature rupture of membranes and foetal distress was also higher during the pandemic.
Benefit of psychiatric evaluation on anxiety in patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome
Authors: Doeller Birgit , Kratochwil Martin , Sifari Lena , Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver
Published: February 2021

Objective

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is defined as an occurrence of visual hallucinations (VHs) in the absence of any psychiatric/neurological disorder. Significantly reduced vision due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract or glaucoma is the most common cause for CBS. Aim of this randomized controlled study was to assess whether additional treatment by a psychiatrist is beneficial for patients with CBS.

Methods and Analysis

Patients with visual acuity of 0.5 LogMAR or worse in the better eye were screened. Instruments used were an interview asking about details of the VH, a mental test and a questionnaire on quality of life. Patients with CBS were randomised into two groups: in group 1, a patient-doctor consultation was performed by an ophthalmologist, and in group 2 a consultation and, if needed, additional medical assessment and treatment was given by a psychiatrist.

Results

4900 patients were screened. 390 patients met the inclusion criteria and among these a CBS prevalence of 34 patients (8.7%) was found. The female-to-male ratio was 4:1 and the average age was 79.3 ± 9.7 years. Four different types of VH were observed:41% humans (n=14), 32% geometrical shapes/patterns (n=11), 15% plants (n=5) and 12% animals (n=4). The change in quality of life in patients with CBS was not significantly different in both groups (p=0.727, ophthalmologist: n=18, psychiatrist: n=16).

Conclusion

It is essential for medical staff involved with patients suffering from severe vision loss to be aware of CBS. This will help to better identify and interpret symptoms and could also lead to a more adequate treatment for affected patients.

Discussion

It is essential for medical staff involved with patients suffering from severe vision loss to be aware of CBS. This will help to better identify and interpret symptoms and could also lead to a more adequate treatment for affected patients.
Socioeconomic risk factors and age-related macular degeneration in the UK Biobank study
Authors: Yip Jennifer Lai Yee , Muthy Zaynah , Peto Tunde , Lotery Andrew , Foster Paul J , Patel Praveen
Published: February 2021

Objective

There is contrasting evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment (VI) in developed countries. This study examines the relationship between SES, cardiovascular risk factors and self-reported AMD.

Methods and analysis

Over 500000 people participated in the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2019, with sociodemographic data and clinical measurements collected using standardised procedures. Visual acuity was measured in 117907 participants with VI defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. We used logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between SES and self-reported AMD.

Results

Self-reported AMD was available for 133339 participants aged 50 and older. People reporting AMD had higher academic qualifications, lower income, were unable to work due to disability, have higher BMI, diabetes and vascular heart disease after adjusting for age and sex. In a multivariable analysis, higher income was protective of AMD and economic inactivity due to disability increased the odds of AMD (2.02, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.61). Both associations were independent of cardiovascular factors, but was no longer significant after adjusting for VI.

Conclusions

The association between education, employment and household income with AMD was independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
Relationship between texture of polypropylene coatings and interface friction for sand at low stress levels
Authors: de Leeuw Lawrence W. , Dietz Matthew S. , Milewski Henry , Mylonakis George , Diambra Andrea
Published: February 2021

Pipelines in the offshore sector make common use of polypropylene (and other polymer) coating systems to protect the infrastructure and provide thermal insulation. High pressure high temperature pipelines are subject to large axial loads due to restraint by seafloor soils of thermal strains in the pipe wall. Friction between pipe coating material and seafloor soil plays a defining role in the build-up of axial stress and the formation of lateral buckling. Accurate quantification of pipe–soil interface friction is key to robust pipeline stability design and possibilities to enhance or manipulate the friction coefficient may be attractive to designers. An extensive campaign of soil and interface tests using a range of granular materials and polypropylene surface specimens engineered to achieve varying surface textures was carried out. The results show that interface friction primarily depends on stress level and the magnitude of the surface texture in relation to the particle size. Herein, a new relative texture parameter, Ta, is developed that, unlike alternative relative roughness parameters, can be obtained using conventional profilometry measurement techniques. An expression for estimating the friction coefficient in relation to texture and stress level is proposed that can serve as a useful predictor of pipe–soil interface friction.
Control of large helium cryogenic systems: a case study on CERN LHC
Authors: Pezzetti Marco
Published: February 2021

The CERN cryogenic facilities demand a versatile, distributed, homogeneous and highly reliable control system. For this purpose, CERN conceived and developed several frameworks (JCOP, UNICOS, FESA, CMW), based on current industrial technologies and COTS equipment, such as PC, PLC and SCADA systems complying with the requested constraints. The cryogenic control system nowadays uses these frameworks and allows the joint development of supervision and control layers by defining a common structure for specifications and code documentation. Another important advantage of the CERN frameworks is the possibility to integrate different control systems into a large technical system with communication capability. Such a system is capable of sharing control variables from all accelerator apparatus in order to cope with the operation scenarios.The first implementation of this control architecture started in 2000 for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Since then CERN continued developing the hardware and software components of the cryogenic control system, based on the exploitation of the experience gained. These developments are always aimed at increasing the safety and improving the performance. To overcome the long-term maintenance challenges, key strategies such as the use of homogeneous hardware solutions and the optimization of the maintenance procedures were set up. They are easing the development of the control applications and the hardware configuration by allowing a structured and homogeneous approach. Furthermore, they reduce the needed manpower and minimize the financial impact of the periodical maintenance. In that context, the standardization of technical solutions both at hardware and software level simplify also the systems monitoring the operation and maintenance processes, while providing a high level of availability.
Vision Based Segmentation and Classification of Cracks Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Reghukumar Arathi , Anbarasi L. Jani , Prassanna J. , Manikandan R. , Al-Turjman Fadi
Published: February 2021

Deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) is a booming area in the research field. It allows the development of end-to-end models to predict outcomes based on input data without the need for manual extraction of features. This paper aims for evaluating the automatic crack detection process that is used in identifying the cracks in building structures such as bridges, foundations or other large structures using images. A hybrid approach involving image processing and deep learning algorithms is proposed to detect automatic cracks in structures. As cracks are detected in the images they are segmented using a segmentation process. The proposed deep learning models include a hybrid architecture combining Mask R-CNN with single layer CNN, 3-layer CNN, and8-layer CNN. These models utilizes depth wise convolution with varying dilation rates for efficiently extracting diversified features from the crack images. Further, performance evaluation shows that Mask R-CNN with a single layer CNN achieves an accuracy of 97.5% on a normal dataset and 97.8% on a segmented dataset. The Mask R-CNN with 2-layer convolution resulted in an accuracy of 98.32% on a normal dataset and 98.39% on a segmented dataset. The Mask R-CNN with 8-layers convolution achieves an accuracy of 98.4% on a normal dataset and 98.75% on a segmented dataset. The proposed Mask R-CNN have proved its feasibility in detecting cracks in huge building and structures.
Simulation of the Dynamic Behavior of a Centenary Metallic Bridge under Metro Traffic Actions Based on Advanced Interaction Models
Authors: Ribeiro D. , Costa B. , Cruz L. , Oliveira M. , Alves V. , Montenegro P. , Calçada R.
Published: February 2021

The present work focuses on the evaluation of the dynamic behavior of a centenary steel arch bridge, located in Portugal, under light railway traffic loads. This works aims to assess the dynamic behavior of the bridge subjected to an alternative type of railway vehicle, more specifically, a typical underground vehicle that is currently in service in the Lisbon Metro. The dynamic response of the system has been evaluated using two distinct methodologies, namely a moving loads model and a vehicle–bridge interaction model. To achieve this goal, finite element (FE) models from both the bridge and the vehicle have been developed and a comprehensive study has been carried to evaluate the influence of distinct factors in the dynamic response of the bridge–train system, namely the methodology used to assess the dynamic response, the location of the response reference point in the deck, the train speed and the vehicle configuration (single or double vehicle). Moreover, both the traffic safety, passenger comfort and pedestrian comfort have also been evaluated using normative criteria based on acceleration responses. The results shown that the normative limits related to traffic safety and passenger comfort were never exceeded in any condition analyzed in the study. However, the pedestrian comfort was jeopardized when the train speed exceeded 20[Formula: see text]km/h.
Building pose estimation from the perspective of UAVs based on CNNs
Authors: Wu Zhenni , Chen Hengxin , Fang Bin , Li Zihao , Chen Xinrun
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of computer technology, building pose estimation combined with Augmented Reality (AR) can play a crucial role in the field of urban planning and architectural design. For example, a virtual building model can be placed into a realistic scenario acquired by a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)to visually observe whether the building can integrate well with its surroundings, thus optimizing the design of the building. In the work, we contribute a building dataset for pose estimation named BD3D. To obtain accurate building pose, we use a physical camera which can simulate realistic cameras in Unity3D to simulate UAVs perspective and use virtual building models as objects. We propose a novel neural network that combines MultiBin module with PoseNet architecture to estimate the building pose. Sometimes, the building is symmetry and ambiguity causes its different surfaces to have similar features, making it difficult for CNNs to learn the differential features between the different surfaces. We propose a generalized world coordinate system repositioning strategy to deal with it. We evaluate our network with the strategy on BD3D, and the angle error is reduced to [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text]. Code and dataset have been made available at: https://github.com/JellyFive/Building-pose-estimation-from-the-perspective-of-UAVs-based-on-CNNs .
Iterative gradient descent for outlier detection
Authors: Qi Zhuang , Jiang Dazhi , Chen Xiaming
Published: February 2021

In linear regression, outliers have a serious effect on the estimation of regression model parameters and the prediction of final results, so outlier detection is one of the key steps in data analysis. In this paper, we use a mean shift model and then we apply the penalty function to penalize the mean shift parameters, which is conducive to get a sparse parameter vector. We choose Sorted L1 regularization (SLOPE), which provides a convex loss function, and shows good statistical properties in parameter selection. We apply an iterative process which using gradient descent method and parameter selection at each step. Our algorithm has higher computational efficiency since the calculation of inverse matrix is avoided. Finally, we use Cross-Validation rules (CV) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) criteria to fine tune the parameters, which helps our program identify outliers and obtain more robust regression coefficients. Compared with other methods, the experimental results show that our program has a fantastic performance in all aspects of outlier detection.
Mantle convection and possible mantle plumes beneath Antarctica – insights from geodynamic models and implications for topography
Authors: Bredow Eva , Steinberger Bernhard , Gassmöller Rene , Dannberg Juliane
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes large-scale mantle flow structures beneath Antarctica as derived from global seismic tomography models of the present-day state. In combination with plate reconstructions, the time-dependent pattern of palaeosubduction can be simulated and is shown from the rarely seen Antarctic perspective. Furthermore, a dynamic topography model demonstrates which kind and scales of surface manifestations can be expected as a direct and observable result of mantle convection. The last section of this chapter features an overview of the classical concept of deep-mantle plumes from a geodynamic point of view and how recent insights, mostly from seismic tomography, have changed the understanding of plume structures and dynamics over past decades. The long-standing and controversial hypothesis of a mantle plume beneath West Antarctica is summarized and addressed with geodynamic models, which estimate the excess heat flow of a potential plume at the bedrock surface. However, the predicted heat flow is small, while differences in surface heat-flux estimates are large; therefore, the results are not conclusive with regard to the existence of a West Antarctic mantle plume. Finally, it is shown that global mantle flow would cause the tilting of whole-mantle plume conduits beneath West Antarctica such that their base is predicted to be displaced about 20° northward relative to the surface position, closer to the southern margin of the Pacific Large Low-Shear Velocity Province.
Evolution of Semantic Similarity—A Survey
Authors: Chandrasekaran Dhivya , Mago Vijay
Published: February 2021

Estimating the semantic similarity between text data is one of the challenging and open research problems in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). The versatility of natural language makes it difficult to define rule-based methods for determining semantic similarity measures. To address this issue, various semantic similarity methods have been proposed over the years. This survey article traces the evolution of such methods beginning from traditional NLP techniques such as kernel-based methods to the most recent research work on transformer-based models, categorizing them based on their underlying principles as knowledge-based, corpus-based, deep neural network–based methods, and hybrid methods. Discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each method, this survey provides a comprehensive view of existing systems in place for new researchers to experiment and develop innovative ideas to address the issue of semantic similarity.
Modeling knowledge and functional intent for context-aware pragmatic analysis
Authors: Vedula Nikhita
Published: February 2021

Nikhita Vedula is an Applied Scientist at Amazon Alexa Science. She obtained her PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from the Ohio State University in August 2020, advised by Professor Srinivasan Parthasarathy. She received her bachelor's degree from the National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India in 2015. Her research interests are at the intersection of data mining, natural language processing and social computing. Over the course of her PhD, her research involved designing efficient and novel machine learning and computational linguistic techniques that extract, interpret and transform the vast, unstructured digital content into structured knowledge representations in diverse contexts. She has worked with researchers from interdisciplinary fields such as emergency response, marketing, sociology and psychology. She performed research internships at Nokia Bell Laboratories, Adobe Research and Amazon Alexa AI. Her work has been published at several top data mining conferences such as the Web Conference, SIGIR, WSDM and ICDM. Her work on detecting user intentions from their natural language interactions won the Best paper award at the Web Conference 2020. She was a recipient of a Graduate Research Award (2020), a Presidential Fellowship (2019) and a University Graduate Fellowship (2015) at the Ohio State University. She was also selected as a Rising Star in EECS (2019).
TREC-COVID
Authors: Voorhees Ellen , Alam Tasmeer , Bedrick Steven , Demner-Fushman Dina , Hersh William R. , Lo Kyle , Roberts Kirk , Soboroff Ian , Wang Lucy Lu
Published: February 2021

TREC-COVID is a community evaluation designed to build a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic. One of the key characteristics of pandemic search is the accelerated rate of change: the topics of interest evolve as the pandemic progresses and the scientific literature in the area explodes. The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to capture this progression as it happens. TREC-COVID, in creating a test collection around COVID-19 literature, is building infrastructure to support new research and technologies in pandemic search.
Dagstuhl seminar 19461 on conversational search
Authors: Anand Avishek , Cavedon Lawrence , Hagen Matthias , Joho Hideo , Sanderson Mark , Stein Benno
Published: February 2021

In the week of November 10--15, 2019, 44 researchers from the fields of information retrieval and Web search, natural language processing, human computer interaction, and dialogue systems met for the Dagstuhl Seminar 19461 "Conversational Search" to share the latest development in the area of conversational search and discuss its research agenda and future directions. The clear signal from the seminar is that research opportunities to advance conversational search are available to many areas and that collaboration in an interdisciplinary community is essential to achieve the goals. This report overviews the program and selected findings of the working groups.
Report on the WSDM 2020 workshop on state-based user modelling (SUM'20)
Authors: Bulathwela Sahan , Pérez-Ortiz María , Mehrotra Rishabh , Orlic Davor , de la Higuera Colin , Shawe-Taylor John , Yilmaz Emine
Published: February 2021

The SUM'20 workshop was held at the 13th ACM International WSDM Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2020) in Houston, Texas. The purpose of the workshop was to stimulate the research community to explore open challenges in building systems that can capture the user's state, context and goals, as well as effectively use these for leveraging intelligent user-centric systems in a wide range of applications. The workshop incorporated different plenary sessions and contributed talks. The workshop website and proceedings are available at https://www.k4all.org/event/wsdmsum20.
Report on the international workshop on algorithmic bias in search and recommendation (Bias 2020)
Authors: Boratto Ludovico , Faralli Stefano , Marras Mirko , Stilo Giovanni
Published: February 2021

The International Workshop on Algorithmic Bias in Search and Recommendation was held on April 14, 2020 in conjuction with the 42nd European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2020). The scientific program included paper and demo presentations and a final discussion. The keynote was delivered by Prof Chirag Shah. This report presents an overview of the activities conducted during the workshop and the main topics covered in it.
Report on the 10th anniversary workshop on bibliometric-enhanced information retrieval (BIR 2020)
Authors: Cabanac Guillaume , Frommholz Ingo , Mayr Philipp
Published: February 2021

The Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval workshop series (BIR) was launched at ECIR in 2014 [Mayr et al., 2014] and it was held at ECIR each year since then. This year we organized the 10th iteration of BIR as an all-virtual workshop with a peak of 97 participants. The workshop series at ECIR and JCDL/SIGIR tackles issues related to academic search, at the crossroads between Information Retrieval, Natural Language Processing and Bibliometrics. In this report, we summarize the past workshops, present the workshop topics for 2020 [Cabanac et al., 2020] and reflect on some future steps for this workshop series.
Report on the third international workshop on narrative extraction from texts (Text2Story 2020)
Authors: Campos Ricardo , Jorge Alípio M. , Jatowt Adam , Bhatia Sumit , Pasquali Arian , Cordeiro João Paulo , Rocha Conceição , Mansouri Behrooz , Santana Brenda
Published: February 2021

The Third International Workshop on Narrative Extraction from Texts (Text2Story'20 [https://text2story20.inesctec.pt/]) was held on the 14th of April 2020, in conjunction with the 42

nd

European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2020). This year due to the Covid-19 outbreak the Text2Story workshop was held online on Zoom platform. During the course of the day, an average of more than 60 attendees had the opportunity to follow-up and discuss the recent advances in extraction and formal representation of narratives. The workshop consisted of two invited keynotes and thirteen paper presentations. The proceedings of the workshop are available online at http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2593/
On Fuhr's guideline for IR evaluation
Authors: Sakai Tetsuya
Published: February 2021

In the December 2017 issue of SIGIR Forum, Fuhr presented ten "Thou Shalt Not"s (i.e., warnings against bad practices) for IR experimenters. While his article provides a lot of good materials for discussion, the objective of the present article is to argue that not all of his recommendations should be considered as absolute truths: researchers should be aware that there are other views; conference programme chairs and journal editors should be very careful when providing a guideline for evaluation practices.
Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Cavitation Flow around E779A Propeller in a Nonuniform Wake with an Insight on How Cavitation Influences Vortex
Authors: Han Chengzao , Long Yun , Bai Xiaorui , Ji Bin
Published: February 2021

In the current study, the turbulent cavitation flow around a marine propeller in a nonuniform wake is simulated with the shear stress transport (k−ω SST) turbulence model combining Zwart–Gerber–Belamri (ZGB) cavitation model. The predicted cavity evolution shows a fairly well agreement with the available experimental results. Important mechanisms of propeller cavitation flow, including side‐entrant jet and cavitation‐vortex interaction, are analyzed in this paper. Vorticity is found to be mainly located in cavitation regions and the propeller wake during propeller rotating. The unsteady behavior of cavitation and side‐entrant jet can both promote local vorticity generation and flow unsteadiness. In addition, it is indicated with the relative vorticity transport equation that the stretching term plays a major role in vorticity transportation, while baroclinic torque and Coriolis force term mainly influence the vorticity distribution along the liquid‐vapor interface.
Oral Microbial Diversity Formed and Maintained through Decomposition Product Feedback Regulation and Delayed Responses
Authors: Dong Chen , Li Dandan , Wang Zengfeng , Bao Zhengde
Published: February 2021

Oral microbial diversity plays an important role on oral health maintenance. However, there are only few kinds of substrates available for the microbial flora in oral cavity, and it still remains unclear why oral microbial diversity can be formed and sustained without obvious competitive exclusion. Based on experimental phenomena and data, a new hypothesis was proposed, namely, the decomposition product negative feedback regulation on microbial population size and microbial delay responses including reproductive, reaction, interspecific competition, and substrate decomposition delay responses induced by oral immunity. According to hypothesis and its cellular automata (CA) model, the CA simulation results sufficiently proved that the decomposition product negative feedback regulation and four microbial delay responses could significantly alleviate the interspecific competitions and inhibit the emergence of dominant species, causing the formation and sustenance of oral microbial diversity. This study could also offer effective guidance of prevention and treatment of oral cavity diseases.
Development and Relevance of Hypercapnia in COPD
Authors: Dave Chirag , Wharton Simon , Mukherjee Rahul , Faqihi Bandar M. , Stockley Robert A. , Turner Alice M.
Published: February 2021

Background. Identification of patients who may become hypercapnic, or develop acidotic hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), is important in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to avoid hospital admission and select patients for use of home NIV. This study aimed to identify factors associated with presence and development of hypercapnia. Methods. 1224 patients, 637 with COPD and 587 with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), from 4 previously established patient cohorts, were included in cross-sectional analyses of hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 6.5 kPa or 48.8 mmHg), focusing on phenotypic features of COPD and mortality. Longitudinal associations of rising PaCO2 were also assessed. A second cohort of 160 COPD patients underwent sleep studies and 1-year follow-up, analysing in a similar way, incorporating additional information from their sleep studies if appropriate. Results. Hypercapnia was 15 times more common in usual COPD than AATD (

p
<
0.01

) after adjustment for baseline differences by regression. Independent predictors of hypercapnia in COPD included FEV1 and current use of oxygen; these variables, together with lack of emphysema, explained 11% of variance in CO2. Increasing PaCO2 also associated with higher risk of death (

p
=
0.03

). 44/160 patients exhibited sleep disordered breathing. The sleep study cohort also showed an association of low FEV1 with hypercapnia. Prior hospital admission for AHRF was also clinically significant, being a feature of almost double the number of hypercapnic patients in both test and sleep study COPD cohorts. Conclusion. Lower FEV1 and prior AHRF are the main associations of hypercapnia in COPD, which carries a poor prognosis, particularly worsening over time.
Influence of Dry Beach on the Dynamic Stability of Ash Storage Field: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: She Fangtao , Liu Chang , Zhou Xiangang , Qi Changjun , Ding Jiulong
Published: February 2021

Ash storage sites are a commonly used method of disposing fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, in China today, and when it accumulates to a certain height, serious geological hazards may occur as a result of seismic activity. In this study, an in situ standard penetration test was carried out on a constructed ash storage site in Northwest China to evaluate the potential for liquefaction of alluvial fly ash within the site, and the results show that dynamic liquefaction can occur within a newly constructed three‐stage subdam. A numerical analysis of the influence of dry beach length on the dynamic response of the primary dams and subdams and an assessment of the extent of dynamic liquefaction in the ash storage field were carried out using the Wenchuan seismic waves as input ground motion. Numerical results prove that the acceleration within the ash storage field is relatively low in the original breccias layer and gradually increases with height, with the peak acceleration occurring in the vicinity of the third subdam and a decreasing trend from the subdams towards the ash storage field. As the length of the dry beach increases, the Peak accelerations in the ash storage area occur near the third subdams at larger dry beach length. Meanwhile, the acceleration in the ash storage area close to the surface gradually increases, and, significantly, the range where higher accelerations occur also becomes larger. The maximum horizontal displacements at different dry beach lengths occur at the crest of the third subdam and in the adjacent ash storage area. As the length of the dry beach increases, the maximum horizontal displacements show a certain decrease, but they occur progressively further away from the third subdam, so that, under dynamic action, the dams become safer. The extent of liquefaction decreases at larger dry beach length and extends further away from the third subdam into the ash storage area. It is, therefore, recommended that the length of the dry beach should not be less than 150 m for this ash storage site.
Worsening of Retinal Detachment after Cataract Surgery in the Eye with Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Authors: Aikawa Yuri , Baba Takayuki , Nizawa Tomohiro , Yokouchi Hirotaka , Yamamoto Shuichi
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To report a case of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) with a retinal detachment that worsened after cataract surgery. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed which reduced the vitreous traction and reattached the retina. Observations. A 20-year-old Myanmarese woman presented with a mature cataract, and her vision was light perception. She underwent uneventful cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens. Her visual acuity improved to 20/200 immediately after the surgery. However, fibrotic tissue was observed between the optic nerve head and the posterior capsule. She was diagnosed with PFV, and she was followed without any intervention. One and a half years after the cataract surgery, she had an advanced retinal detachment which extended over the inferior two quadrants. Her vision deteriorated to 20/400. She underwent PPV, and the PFV tissue was removed which resulted in the reattachment of the retina. The visual acuity improved to 20/60. Conclusions. Surgeons should be aware that it is possible to worsen a retinal detachment after cataract surgery in the eyes with PFV. A simple technique to release the anterior-posterior traction by the PPV was sufficient to achieve the reattachment of the retina.
Imploring GE-Filters of GE-Algebras
Authors: Song Seok-Zun , Bandaru Ravikumar , Jun Young Bae
Published: February 2021

Relations between a transitive GE-algebra, a belligerent GE-algebra, an antisymmetric GE-algebra, and a left exchangeable GE-algebra are displayed. A new substructure, so called imploring GE-filter, is introduced, and its properties are investigated. The relationship between a GE-filter, an imploring GE-filter, a belligerent GE-filter, and a prominent GE-filter are considered. Conditions for an imploring GE-filter to be a belligerent GE-filter are given, and the conditions necessary for a (belligerent) GE-filter to be an imploring GE-filter are found. Relations between a prominent GE-filter and an imploring GE-filter are discussed, and a condition for an imploring GE-filter to be a prominent GE-filter is provided. Examples to show that a belligerent GE-filter and a prominent GE-filer are independent concepts are given. The extension property of the imploring GE-filter is established.
[Retracted] A Prediction Model for Cognitive Impairment Risk in Colorectal Cancer after Chemotherapy Treatment
Authors: Zhou Shu-Ping , Fei Su-Ding , Han Hui-Hui , Li Jing-Jing , Yang Shuang , Zhao Chun-Yang
Published: February 2021

Background. A prediction model can be developed to predict the risk of cancer‐related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients after chemotherapy. Methods. A regression analysis was performed on 386 colorectal cancer patients who had undergone chemotherapy. Three prediction models (random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machine models) were constructed using collected clinical and pathological data of the patients. Calibration and ROC curves and C‐indexes were used to evaluate the selected models. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinical utility of the line graph. Results. Three prediction models including a random forest, a logistic regression, and a support vector machine were constructed. The logistic regression model had the strongest predictive power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.799. Age, BMI, colostomy, complications, CRA, depression, diabetes, QLQ‐C30 score, exercise, hypercholesterolemia, diet, marital status, education level, and pathological stage were included in the nomogram. The C‐index (0.826) and calibration curve showed that the nomogram had good predictive ability and the DCA curves indicated that the model had strong clinical utility. Conclusions. A prediction model with good predictive ability and practical clinical value can be developed for predicting the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer after chemotherapy.
Epidemiology of Supernumerary Teeth in 5000 Radiography Films: Investigation of Patients Referring to the Clinics of Ardabil in 2015–2020
Authors: Hajmohammadi Emran , Najirad Samira , Mikaeili Hesam , Kamran Aziz
Published: February 2021

Background. Supernumerary tooth is defined as any extra tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed on normal dentition. Supernumerary teeth cause such problems as deficiency in tooth growth, ectopic growth, displacement, crowding, diastema, odontogenic cyst formation, decay of the adjacent tooth, malocclusion, and esthetic problems. This study was conducted aiming at determining epidemiology of supernumerary teeth in Ardabil city in 2020. Materials & Methods. In this retrospective descriptive analytical study, 5000 panoramic radiographs of patients referring to Rad and Baser Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Centers were selected through multistage sampling method during 2015–2020. The data were collected by checklist and analyzed with using SPSS-21 and chi-squared, Fisher, and one-way ANOVA tests with a significance level less than 5%. Results. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was estimated as 1.06% (n = 53), and no significant difference between the males and females was seen. Most supernumerary teeth were found in the distomolar (44.1%) and parapremolar (29.4%) locations. The majority of supernumerary teeth were present in the maxilla (73.5%) and were impacted (77.9%) and unilateral (71.7%). The number of supernumerary teeth was 68 cases and majority of patients (86.8%) had one supernumerary tooth. Conclusion. Supernumerary tooth in this study had a high prevalence compared to similar studies, and unlike most previous studies, the most common type of supernumerary tooth was distomolar. Early diagnosis and proper medical planning are essential for managing supernumerary teeth.
Mechanism and Prevention and Control of Mine Earthquake in Thick and Hard Rock Strata considering the Horizontal Stress Evolution of Stope
Authors: Zhang Ming , Hu Xuelong , Huang Hongtao , Chen Guangyao , Gao Shan , Liu Chao , Tian Lihua
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the mechanism, prevention measures, and control methods for earthquake disasters typically occurring in mines with thick and hard rock strata. A mine stope with large faults and thick hard rock strata in Hebei Province was taken as the background study object. Then, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were adopted in conjunction with field monitoring to explore how horizontal stress evolves in the thick and hard hanging roofs of such mines, potentially leading to mining earthquakes. Then, based on the obtained results, a mining design method was proposed to reduce the horizontal stress levels of earthquake mitigation. The results showed that, under the control of large faults, semiopen and semiclosed stopes with thick hard rock strata are formed, which cause influentially pressurized and depressurized zones during the evolution of the overburden movements and horizontal stress. It was determined that the stress concentrations mainly originated from the release and transfer of horizontal stress during the rock fractures and movements in the roof areas, which were calculated using a theoretical estimation model. The horizontal stress concentrations formed “counter torques” at both ends of the thick and hard strata, which prevented the support ending due to tensile failures. As a result, the limit spans were increased. This study proposed a mining strategy of using narrow working faces, strip mining processes, and reasonable mining speeds, which could effectively reduce horizontal stress concentrations and consequently prevent and control mining earthquakes. This study’s research results were successfully applied to the mining practices in working face 16103.
An End-to-End Review-Based Aspect-Level Neural Model for Sequential Recommendation
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Xiaochen
Published: February 2021

Users’ reviews of items contain a lot of semantic information about their preferences for items. This paper models users’ long-term and short-term preferences through aspect-level reviews using a sequential neural recommendation model. Specifically, the model is devised to encode users and items with the aspect-aware representations extracted globally and locally from the user-related and item-related reviews. Given a sequence of neighbor users of a user, we design a hierarchical attention model to capture union-level preferences on sequential patterns, a pointer model to capture individual-level preferences, and a traditional attention model to balance the effects of both union-level and individual-level preferences. Finally, the long-term and short-term preferences are combined into a representation of the user and item profiles. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the model substantially outperforms many other state-of-the-art baselines substantially.