bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of plastic waste management strategies
Authors: Helm Levi T. , Murphy Erin L. , McGivern Alexis , Borrelle Stephanie B.
Published: August 2022

The ecological and societal impacts of plastics production, use, and waste are a complex global challenge. Management strategies to mitigate the impacts of plastics, such as recycling, waste-to-energy, and replacement with alternative materials have impacts of their own. Achieving long-term sustainability of plastics use therefore requires considering the externalized impacts of such management strategies. Here, we assessed the literature on the most common plastic waste management strategies to identify their impacts in relation to the sustainable development goals. We reviewed impacts of bans, levies, and taxes; alternative products; recycling; waste-to-energy; plastic recovery; and extended producer responsibility. Our analysis identified a total of 259 measured impacts of plastic waste mitigation strategies, from 113 papers. Ninety-three impacts were negative, 104 were positive, 11 were neutral, and 51 depended on the context of implementation. Consideration of the impacts of both plastic materials and management strategies is necessary to avoid perverse outcomes of plastic pollution mitigation efforts.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND ITS SUBCOMPONENTS ON COMMERCIAL BANKS’ RISK-TAKING
Authors: ABBAS FAISAL , ALI SHOAIB , WONG WING-KEUNG
Published: August 2022

We hypothesize that both liberalization and economic freedom are double-edged swords for the banking industry because they can increase both stability and fragility of the banks. To test our hypotheses, we use the two-step GMM technique to examine the impact of economic freedom and the impacts of all of its sub-components on the risk-taking behavior of US commercial banks for the period from 2003 to 2019. We find that economic freedom adversely affects banks’ risks, and therefore, increases the stability of the banking system. We observe that not all types of freedoms have positive outcomes in the banking sector, both investment and trade-related deregulation increase the fragility of the banking sector, and any type of relaxation in which banks play a direct role has a negative influence on the characteristics of banks like capital control or trade. Consistent with the competition stability theory, our findings conclude that higher economic freedom will yield higher stability in the US commercial banks. Whereas our findings are heterogeneous across all of its sub-components, all the sub-components expect investment and trade freedom positively influence the banks’ stability. Additionally, the result of this study remains consistent across well-, and under-capitalized banks, and the outcome of this study remains robust to the alternative measures of risk. Regulators, policymakers and bank managers could draw implications from the results in this paper in deciding how much liberalization the banks can handle and they also must consider the heterogeneity in the impacts from all of the sub-components because not all of them generate favorable outcomes for banks.
Lie symmetry analysis and exact solutions of time fractional Black–Scholes equation
Authors: Yu Jicheng , Feng Yuqiang , Wang Xianjia
Published: August 2022

The Black–Scholes equation is an important analytical tool for option pricing in finance. This paper discusses the constructive methods of exact solutions to time fractional Black–Scholes equation. By constructing one-parameter Lie symmetry transformations and their corresponding group generators, time fractional Black–Scholes equation is reduced to a fractional ordinary differential equation and some group-invariant solutions are obtained. Using the invariant subspace method, the analytical representations of two forms of exact solutions of time fractional Black–Scholes equation are given constructively, and the characteristics and differences of the two exact solutions are compared in the sense of geometric figures. In this paper, the form of the equation is generalized, and more group invariant solutions and analytical solutions in the form of separated variables are obtained.
U.S. Geological Survey Core Research Center: a gateway to subsurface discovery for geoscience research
Authors: Honey Jeannine , Ivis Dawn
Published: August 2022

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates the Core Research Center (CRC) in Denver, Colorado, USA, a public access repository of rock cores from over 9800 wells and drill cuttings from over 53 000 wells, primarily from states in or adjacent to the Rocky Mountain Region. Annually, approximately 1400 visitors use the collection for traditional and innovative research.

The CRC has an online, searchable database which includes downloadable core photos, analytical data, and thin-section images. When visitors sample for analyses, the results must be returned to the CRC for public dissemination providing immediate, free access to users while sparing the finite, irreplaceable collection from redundant testing. A representative quantity of every core depth is preserved in perpetuity.

Studies on CRC materials, paired with new extraction methods, have unlocked new productive deposits. Materials drilled and curated decades ago remain in high demand while materials receiving little attention today may be crucial for future research.

The collection provides immediate, inexpensive access to subsurface materials at a fraction of the cost of new drilling, sparing money, time and environmental impacts.
Akte-Liquid: Acoustic-based Liquid Identification with Smartphones
Authors: Sun Xue , Deng Wenwen , Wei Xudong , Fang Dingyi , Li Baochun , Chen Xiaojiang
Published: August 2022

Liquid identification plays an essential role in our daily lives. However, existing RF sensing approaches still require dedicated hardware such as RFID readers and UWB transceivers, which are not readily available to most users. In this article, we propose Akte-Liquid, which leverages the speaker on smartphones to transmit acoustic signals, and the microphone on smartphones to receive reflected signals to identify liquid types and analyze the liquid concentration. Our work arises from the acoustic intrinsic impedance property of liquids, in that different liquids have different intrinsic impedance, causing reflected acoustic signals of liquids to differ. Then, we discover that the amplitude-frequency feature of reflected signals may be utilized to represent the liquid feature. With this insight, we propose new mechanisms to eliminate the interference caused by hardware and multi-path propagation effects to extract the liquid features. In addition, we design a new Siamese network-based structure with a specific training sample selection mechanism to reconstruct the extracted feature to container-irrelevant features. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate that Akte-Liquid is able to distinguish 20 types of liquids at a higher accuracy, and to identify food additives and measure protein concentration in the artificial urine with a 92.3% accuracy under 1 mg/100 mL as well.
A High Reverse Breakdown Voltage p-GaN Gate HEMT with Field Control Drain
Authors: Xing Pengcheng , Wang Fangzhou , Luo Pan , Sun Ruize , Shi Yijun , Xu Xinbing , Chen Yiqiang , Chen Wanjun
Published: August 2022

In this work, a high reverse blocking voltage (BV
R) p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistor with field control drain (FCD-HEMT) has been proposed and fabricated. The FCD-HEMT features the field control drain (FCD), consisting of electrically shorted Ohmic contact structure and p-GaN cap. In the OFF-state, the 2-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) channel is cut off due to the p-GaN cap introduced field control, which provides FCD-HEMT with reverse blocking capability. In the ON-state, the re-formed 2DEG channel offers a non-potential barrier pathway for electrons transfer from source to drain and ensures a low resistance of the FCD-HEMT. The fabricated device exhibits 1400 V forward breakdown voltage (BV
F) and −1240 V reverse breakdown voltage (BV
R), 12.7 mΩ·cm2 low specific ON-resistance, and 188 mA mm−1 max drain current while maintaining normally-OFF capability. These results demonstrate the great potential of FCD-HEMTs in 1200 V-class power applications.
Dynamic Data Scheduling of a Flexible Industrial Job Shop Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Li Juan , Tian Xianghong , Liu Jing
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the problems of premature convergence of existing workshop dynamic data scheduling methods and the decline in product output, a flexible industrial job shop dynamic data scheduling method based on digital twin technology is proposed. First, digital twin technology is proposed, which provides a design and theoretical basis for the simulation tour of a flexible industrial job shop, building the all‐factor digital information fusion model of a flexible industrial workshop to comprehensively control the all‐factor digital information of the workshops. A CGA algorithm is proposed by introducing the cloud model. The algorithm is used to solve the model, and the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to maintain the particle diversity to complete the dynamic data scheduling of a flexible industrial job shop. The experimental results show that the designed method can complete the coordinated scheduling among multiple production lines in the least amount of time.
Aqueous Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extract Ameliorates the Harmful Effects of High‐Dose Lornoxicam in Albino Male Rats
Authors: El-Bahr Sabry M. , Elzoghby Rabab R. , Alfattah Mohammed A. , Kandeel Mahmoud , Hamouda Ahlam F.
Published: August 2022

Lornoxicam is a potent oxicam‐class nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Its impacts on many biological functions are not fully understood. We measured various biomarkers in male albino rats provided an oral aqueous ginger extract before IM administration of therapeutic and 2× the therapeutic doses of lornoxicam. The aqueous ginger plant extract was characterized by mass spectroscopy, and its effects were determined by examining free radical scavenging activity, blood parameters, renal and hepatic function, semen quality, proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant markers, and histopathology. Rats administered lornoxicam had significantly higher liver and kidney function biomarker values, TNF‐α, interleukin‐6, and sperm abnormalities than the control rats. The overall erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, prostaglandin, and sperm counts were all considerably lower in the experimental animals. Histological changes were found in the liver, spleen, and testes of rats administered lornoxicam alone. In rats, pretreatment with ginger extract reduced the majority of the negative effects of conventional and high dosages of lornoxicam.
Comprehensive Structural Assessment of a Perforated Plate in the Edge and Central Crack
Authors: Sabzian Morad Abadi Nooredin , Nazari Mojtaba , Bazvandi Hamed
Published: August 2022

Injury domain method does not let the cracks close to the critical level to start growing and lead to the critical length before the time of periodic visits. Until now, calculation method of the tension in a perforated plate has been assessed in two- or three-dimensional mode by considering the special opening (holes with different geometry). But, the tension calculation in a plate included opening with edge crack presence in three-dimensional mode has not been studied. So, in this study, in addition to the assessment of this mode, calculation method of the tension in the plates including different opening will be assessed. Generally, when the object endures the tensions for a long time, the geometric deformation will be occurred. Used plates in this study are made of isotropic materials. In these materials, when the force is applied, they show the same function in any direction and the direction of applying force has any on effect their treatment. For analyzing the data, the Abaqus software is used. The results of the research show that the kind of the boundary conditions has effect on the value of critical load in the tension and kind of created tension. In the joint-joint boundary conditions, tension critical load increases with length-to-width ratio increase, and local tension occurred in the higher penetration ratio. However, in the joint-open boundary conditions, by increasing the length-to-width ratio, the tension critical load is decreased and in often cases, the tensions are kind of general. According to this, the plates including cavity with bigger dimensions are subjected to local tension in smaller ratios of yielding dimension.
Clinical Effect of Abdominal Massage Therapy on Blood Glucose and Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xie Ying , Huan Meng-Ting , Sang Jia-Jia , Luo Song-Song , Kong Xin-Tian , Xie Zhou-Yu , Zheng Shi-Hui , Wei Qing-Bo , Wu Yun-Chuan
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of abdominal massage on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its influence on the intestinal microflora. We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with T2DM, who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly allocated to the control group, the routine massage group, and the abdominal massage group. The control group received health education and maintained their hypoglycemic drug treatment plan. The routine massage group and the abdominal massage group received different massage interventions. In addition to glucose and lipid metabolism indicators, we quantitatively analyzed the gut microbiota to assess the effects of massage on the intestinal microflora of patients with T2DM. Compared with the control group, the abdominal massage improved levels of glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, Enterobacter, and Bifidobacteria with significant differences (

P
=
0.02

,

P
=
0.03

,

P
=
0.03

, and

P
=
0.03

). The comparison within group showed that the levels of the four bacterial genera in the abdominal massage group revealed significant differences before and after treatment (

P
=
0.006

,

P
<
0.001

,

P
<
0.001

, and

P
=
0.002

). The comparison between the routine massage group and the abdominal massage group was not significantly different in all levels of test indices. The abdominal massage group regulated levels of Enterobacter and Lactobacilli to a greater extent than the routine massage group. Additionally, abdominal massage decreased Enterococcus levels. The results of this study showed that abdominal massage has clinical advantages over routine massage. Specifically, this intervention may correct microflora disturbances to a certain extent.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Biodegradable and Robust Film Using Gracilarialichenoides and Sargassumhorneri for Packaging Applications
Authors: Cha Wan Young , Byon Chan
Published: August 2022

In this study, a biodegradable and mechanically robust film was synthesized using seaweeds (Gracilarialichenoides and Sargassumhorneri), and its physicochemical and mechanical properties were characterized. In addition, its applicability in the packaging area was studied. A synthetic process including cleaning, drying, softening, pulping, and forming was developed. The microscopic morphology of the developed biodegradable film was similar to wood-based paper. In order to characterize its chemical composition and structure, FE-SEM, FT-IR, GC-MS, and TGA analyses have been performed. In addition, an aerobic biodegradability test was performed in accordance with ISO 14855-1:2012. From those experimental studies, it was shown that the major ingredient of the developed material is cellulose and other bio-originated organic substances. The developed seaweed-based film has excellent biodegradability which is 17 times higher than biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBSe, hereafter) film, and seven times higher than other seaweed-based film in literature. The tensile strength of the film was enhanced by more than 40% compared with other seaweed-based film of previous studies. A hazardous material test was conducted in accordance with IEC62321, and the result indicated that all of the concerned toxic material was estimated to be under the method detection limit (MDL). Based on the aforementioned results, a prototype egg carton was successfully developed in accordance with ISO 534.
Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Tablet Formulation of Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine Named Nawametho in Comparison with Its Decoction in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Jaisamut Patcharawalai , Tohlang Channong , Wanna Subhaphorn , Thanakun Acharaporn , Srisuwan Thawatchai , Limsuwan Surasak , Rattanachai Wissava , Suwannachot Jarinee , Chusri Sasitorn
Published: August 2022

In the traditional medical system in Thailand, medicinal plants and polyherbal medicines have been prescribed as lipid-lowering agents, including Nawametho decoction. This polyherbal formulation is described in the Worayokasan scripture. It consists of nine medicinal plants (Aegle marmelos (L.), Carthamus tinctorius L., Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Apart from its utilization in Thai traditional medicine, there is a lack of evidence supporting its use. This research work thereby aims to formulate and evaluate the tablet containing Nawametho decoction. The feasibility of Nawametho decoction and NawaTab for patients with borderline hyperlipidemia was additionally examined using a prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. The dry granulation technique was employed to formulate the polyherbal tablets. The tablets were developed using the spray-dried Nawametho decoction as the active ingredient in addition to other excipients. The chosen formulation, the FB (NawaTab), consisted of 385 milligrams of the extract, 12% w/w of a diluent (lactose), 8% w/w of a lubricant (magnesium stearate), 5% w/w of a disintegrant (microcrystalline cellulose), and 5% w/w of an anti-adherent (talcum). Their hardness, friability, and disintegration time were 4.4 ± 0.32 kg, 0.05 ± 0.02%, and 4.60 ± 0.05 min, respectively. Accelerated stability study results revealed that NawaTab was stable for six months at 40°C/75% RH and 25°C/60% RH. Even though taking NawaTabs (500 mg twice daily) for eight consecutive weeks was unable to improve the lipid profile of the patients, the administration of Nawametho decoction (30 mL twice daily) was associated with a significant decrease in serum triglycerides of the patients. The results show that the dry granulation technique is suitable for the formulation of NawaTab based on the tablet evaluation. Furthermore, the triglyceride-lowering effect of Nawametho decoction was reported for the first time.
Stability Analysis of Cyber Physical Microgrid with Dynamic Demand Control considering Time Delays
Authors: Sumithra J. , Jothi Swaroopan N. M.
Published: August 2022

Time delays are enforced into the LFC system of microgrid (MG) while transmitting the control signals from the central controller and also aggregating the controllable loads of Demand Side Response (DSR). Due to these delays, the system dynamic performance gets affected leading to system instability. The time delays may be fixed or time varying. In this paper, a cyber physical microgrid is modeled with Dynamic Demand Control (DDC) loop including time delays, and the stability of the proposed model is analyzed both for fixed and time varying delays. The impact of fixed time delays on the stability of the proposed microgrid is theoretically evaluated using Frequency Sweeping Technique (FST). To examine the delay dependent stability of the proposed system with time varying delays, including external load perturbations, a matrix stability criterion is formulated and analyzed. The novelty of the method lies in the modelling of LFC with structured load perturbations and also investigating its impact on the stability of LFC using frequency domain approach. Since the effect of load perturbations is considered for the analysis, a more realistic operating condition can be portrayed in a microgrid system. The inclusion of DDC load in LFC of the microgrid provides better transient response even with larger time delays. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through simulation results.
Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Time‐Delay Ecological Competition Systems with Food‐Limited and Diffusion
Authors: Wang Feilong , Xiao Min , Wang Zhengxin , Zhao Jing , Chen Gong , Cao Jinde
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we put forward a time‐delay ecological competition system with food restriction and diffusion terms under Neumann boundary conditions. For the case without delay, the conditions for local asymptotic stability and Turing instability are constructed. For the case with delay, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is demonstrated by analyzing the root distribution of the corresponding characteristic equations. Furthermore, by using the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction of partial functional differential equations, explicit formulas are obtained to determine the direction of bifurcations and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to substantiate our analysis.
Potential Progression Mechanism and Key Genes in Early Stage of mTBI
Authors: Zhou Hu , Han Xue , Zhou Hui-xia , Cao Zhen-zhen , Yang Li , Yu Jian-yun
Published: August 2022

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), and the lack of sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for rmTBI leads to long-term sequelae after injury. The purpose of this study is to identify key genes of rmTBI and find the potential progression mechanism in early stage of mTBI. We downloaded the gene expression profiles of GSE2871 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the cerebral cortex of rats 24 hours after smTBI, and these DEGs were then subjected to GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, PPI analysis, and hub analysis. Key genes were identified as the most significantly expressed genes and had a higher degree of connectivity from hub genes. By using homemade metal pendulum impact equipment and a multiple regression discriminant equation to assess the severity of rats after injury, smTBI and rmTBI rat models were established in batches, and q-PCR analyses were performed to verify the key genes. The main KEGG pathways were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. SPP1 and C3 were the most significant DEGs, and their connectivity degree was the highest 24 hours after smTBI (logFC > 4; connectivity degree ＞15). The q-PCR analyses were performed 24 hours and 14 days after mTBI. The results showed that SPP1 and C3 were significantly upregulated in smTBI and in rmTBI at 24 hours after injury compared with their levels in sham-injured rats, and the phenomenon persisted 14 days after injury. Notably, 14 days after injury, both of these genes were significantly upregulated in the rmTBI group compared with the smTBI. These pathways and genes identified could help understanding the development in mTBI.
Does Signing Auditor’s Reputational Promotion Ease the Financing Constraints of Audited Firms?
Authors: Gu Chunxia , Zhao Rongxia
Published: August 2022

Based on the senior certified public accountants selected by the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants and data drawn from China’s A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2019, this study studies the influence mechanism of signing auditors’ personal reputational promotion on corporate financing constraints. The results show that the improved reputation of signing auditors will help ease the financing constraints faced by companies. Moreover, compared with that of signing auditors from Big Four accounting firms, the improved reputation of signing auditors from non-Big Four firms has a more significant effect on alleviating the financing constraints of enterprises. In addition, private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises face more severe financing constraints than state-owned enterprises and large enterprises, and the reputational promotion of signing auditors can better alleviate the financing constraints of the former two types of enterprises. The research conclusions provide theoretical and data-driven support for constructing audit reputation mechanisms in China and improving the financing capabilities of enterprises.
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia Using an Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach
Authors: Befikadu Alemayehu Temesgen , Tafa Berhanu Alemu
Published: August 2022

Between 1980 and 2020, the study looks at “An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia Using an Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach.” The appraisal coefficient of population growth (POP) and the implication is positive and significant, according to the findings of this study. However, in response to the long‐term association between population expansion and economic growth in Ethiopia, the macroeconomic variables were subjected to a limit test and a broader causality test. From the finding of bound test, since the value of F‐statics is greater than the upper boundary line, there are long run equilibrium relationships among RGDP, population size, foreign direct investment, personal remittance, population growth rate, rate of inflation, and gross capital formation. According to the findings of the Granger causality test, real gross domestic product can cause Ethiopian population size (POP), but population number (POP) cannot cause real gross domestic product at the same time. The motivation of doing this research was to know the sign and effects of population growth on economic growth. Finally, in order to boost Ethiopia’s economic growth, the government should implement policies that would attract foreign investors. The government should also establish a benchmark to ensure that the economy increases faster than the population.
Towards Fair and Decentralized Federated Learning System for Gradient Boosting Decision Trees
Authors: Gao Shiqi , Li Xianxian , Shi Zhenkui , Liu Peng , Li Chunpei
Published: August 2022

At present, gradient boosting decision trees (GBDTs) has become a popular machine learning algorithm and has shined in many data mining competitions and real-world applications for its salient results on classification, ranking, prediction, etc. Federated learning which aims to mitigate privacy risks and costs, enables many entities to keep data locally and train a model collaboratively under an orchestration service. However, most of the existing systems often fail to make an excellent trade-off between accuracy and communication. In addition, they overlook an important aspect: fairness such as performance gains from different parties’ datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel federated GBDT scheme based on the blockchain which can achieve constant communication overhead and good model performance and quantify the contribution of each party. Specifically, we replace the tree-based communication scheme with the pure gradient-based scheme and compress the intermediate gradient information to a limit to achieve good model performance and constant communication overhead in skewed datasets. On the other hand, we introduce a novel contribution allocation scheme named split Shapley value, which can quantify the contribution of each party with a limited gradient update and provide a basis for monetary reward. Finally, we combine the quantification mechanism with blockchain organically and implement a closed-loop federated GBDT system FGBDT-Chain in a permissioned blockchain environment and conduct a comprehensive experiment on public datasets. The experimental results show that FGBDT-Chain achieves a good trade-off between accuracy, communication overhead, fairness, and security under large-scale skewed datasets.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Managed with Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy
Authors: Sabry Ahmed , Shaalan Ramy , Kahlin Carl , Elhoofy Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare disorder that may be managed surgically if conservative management fails. Different surgical techniques have been described, division of the ligament of Treitz, gastrojejunostomy, and duodenojejunostomy. The aim of this case series is to show that laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a safe and technically feasible management for superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Methods. In this case series, we retrospectively identified all patients who underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for SMA syndrome in our tertiary university center between December 2016 and July 2019. Data collected included demographics, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, pre and postoperative body mass index (BMI), operative approach, operative blood loss, operative duration, clinical and radiological results, in hospital/30-day complications, mortality, and postoperative follow-up outcomes. Results. We identified eleven patients, 10 females and 1 male, with a median age 23 years (range 17–43 years). All patients had refractory symptoms after a minimum of two months of conservative management and subsequently underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. There were no intraoperative complications and no in-hospital or 30-day postoperative mortality or complications were identified. Follow-up data showed complete resolution in 73% of patients (n = 8) and only one patient with no improvement postoperatively. Results also showed a median BMI increase of 2 kg/m2 (range 1–9 kg/m2) at a median follow-up of 16 months (range 4–48 months). Conclusion. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a safe treatment option for SMA syndrome and should be considered when patients do not respond to conservative management.
Analysis of Stress Response and Analgesic Effect of Remazolam Combined with Etomidate in Painless Gastroenteroscopy
Authors: Liu Guihua , Xiong Ying
Published: August 2022

In order to explore more ideal intravenous anesthesia drug in clinical practice, the analgesic effect of remazolam combined with etomidate in painless gastroenteroscopy and its effect on stress response is investigated. A total of 100 patients are selected for the gastric disease screening, and they are randomly divided into the single‐drug group and composite group, with 50 cases in each group. Etomidate, mazzolone, and etomidate are used to anesthetize the patients, and then, the effects of different solutions on analgesia, sedation, and stress response are compared and analyzed, and the adverse reactions are improved. The etomidate and red horse azole shimron composite etomidate anesthesia were applied, and the comparative analysis of different solutions of analgesic, sedative effect, and response to stress is conducted. Then, the improvement of adverse reactions is analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that remazolam combined with etomidate anesthesia can reduce the level of pain mediators and enhance the analgesia and sedation effect. Meanwhile, combined anesthesia can reduce the stress response and adverse reactions of patients and shorten the examination period effectively.
Aerobics Characteristics Analysis and Auxiliary Training Efficiency Improvement Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Jiwen , Wang Bingxue , Wan Shuli
Published: August 2022

Aerobic exercise is the predecessor of aerobics. Aerobics is a kind of young and energetic sports, although it is only is popular in recent years, but because of its strong ornamental, very beautiful, so many people like it. Now, the characteristic of sports development is to integrate competitive sports into schools, and the establishment of high-level sports teams in Chinese colleges and universities is the need of the current development trend and adapts to the trend of the times. Many colleges and universities have invested a lot of time, money, and energy. It is to set up a high-level sports team. It has provided great help to physical education and athletes. Therefore, it is very beneficial to the sustainable development of aerobics of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities to compare, analyze, and study the aerobic training methods of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities, and find out the existing problems in current training, correct them in time, and find out more suitable training methods.
Application of Virtual Reality for Teaching Rock Climbing in Colleges Using Big Data
Authors: Liu Mingxing , Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Shumin , Yang Wenge
Published: August 2022

Since rock climbing was added to the Olympic Games, nations around the globe have started to pay more attention to the instruction of rock climbing and have established it as a program in colleges and universities to train college students and adolescents, who make up the majority of rock climbers. However, there are many problems faced while teaching rock climbing in colleges and universities, such as no standardized teaching materials, short teaching time, and cumbersome teaching content, which are few to mention. As a result, students can only master the basic methods and techniques of climbing on rock while studying at colleges and institutions, and their climbing ability cannot be improved. Most of the current college’s rock climbing teachers only pay attention to the technical problems. The correct methodology of teaching is a vital factor for student’s guidance. To overcome these issues, this research demonstrates the virtual reality in classroom instruction; this has the potential to improve the impact and standard of collegiate rock climbing. The authors focus on the concept of virtual reality technology, technical characteristics, virtual reality system composition, and virtual reality modeling and apply the theory and technology to college rock climbing teaching for building a teaching model basis on virtual reality in this research paper. This model is applied to college rock climbing teaching, and the experimental group and the control group are set to analyze the students’ interest in rock climbing teaching. The comparison demonstrates that employing virtual reality technology dramatically increases the experimental group students’ enthusiasm in rock climbing education. Upon analyzing the students’ recognition rock climbing instruction in colleges and institutions, the result shows that 93.3% of the experimental group and 60% of the control group agree that the rock climbing course can motivate their own learning initiative and enthusiasm. When analyzing the motivation of students to learn rock climbing, the highest proportion is to get credit and recognition, the proportion of which is 35.6%.
An Empirical Study on the Satisfaction of Rural Leisure Tourism Tourists Based on IPA Method
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Linna , Niu Tianjiao , Song Mei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, under the background of the national development strategy of rural revitalization, rural tourism has become a new way of tourism. With the upsurge of rural tourism, there has also been a wave of “homestay fever” across the country. Country house tourism is a personalized rural tourism method that has emerged with the development of our country’s tourism industry in recent years. However, in the context of the surge in the number of homestays in rural tourism destinations, homogeneous competition, simple replication, low-price competition, and other quality development problems have become increasingly prominent. In order to realize the high-quality development of country houses and meet the differentiated needs of customers, it is necessary to explore the dimensions of tourists’ perceived value of country houses from the perspective of tourists, to study the gap between tourists’ expectations and actual perceptions, and from the perspective of tourists’ value perception to make suggestions for improvement. This paper takes the theory of customer perceived value as the theoretical basis, and on the basis of referring to the relevant literature, combined with the actual situation of the homestay in Luci Village, to construct an index system of the perceived value of tourists in the country house. Use IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) to identify the difference between the actual performance and expected importance of tourists’ perceived value, use questionnaires and statistical software to analyze the difference in guest satisfaction and importance, and put forward key improvement goals to improve the quality of homestay development in the future. The effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is verified through the case of a country house in Luci Village, Tonglu County.
A Note on Constant Mean Curvature Foliations of Noncompact Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Ilias S. , Nelli B. , Soret M.
Published: August 2022

We aimed to study constant mean curvature foliations of noncompact Riemannian manifolds, satisfying some geometric constraints. As a byproduct, we answer a question by M. P. do Carmo (see Introduction) about the leaves of such foliations.
Application of Clustering-Based Analysis in MRI Brain Tissue Segmentation
Authors: Li Mingjiang , Zhou Jincheng , Wang Dan , Peng Peng , Yu Yezhao
Published: August 2022

The segmentation of brain tissue by MRI not only contributes to the study of the function and anatomical structure of the brain, but it also offers a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of brain illnesses. When discussing the anatomy of the brain in a clinical setting, the terms “white matter,” “gray matter,” and “cerebrospinal fluid” are the ones most frequently used (CSF). However, due to the fact that the human brain is highly complicated in its structure and that there are many different types of brain tissues, the human brain structure of each individual has its own set of distinctive qualities. Because of these several circumstances, the process of segmenting brain tissue will be challenging. In this article, several different clustering algorithms will be discussed, and their performance and effects will be compared to one another. The goal of this comparison is to determine which algorithm is most suited for segmenting MRI brain tissue. Based on the clustering method, the primary emphasis of this research is placed on the segmentation approach that is appropriate for medical brain imaging. The qualitative and quantitative findings of the experiment reveal that the FCM algorithm has more steady performance and better universality, but it is necessary to include the additional auxiliary conditions in order to achieve more ideal outcomes.
Comparison of Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder Following Previous Cesarean Section between Women with a Short and Normal Interpregnancy Interval
Authors: Umeh Uchenna Anthony , Eleje George Uchenna , Onuh Justus Uchenna , Nwankwo Ogochukwu Theophilus , Ezeome Ijeoma Victoria , Ajah Leonard Ogbonna , Dim Ngozi Regina , Obi Samuel Nnamdi , Anikwe Chidebe Christian , Ikechebelu Joseph Ifeanyichukwu
Published: August 2022

Objectives. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on the incidence of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorders in women with a previous cesarean section. Methods. A prospective cohort three-center study involving parturients who had previous cesarean section was conducted. Participants were included if pregnancy has lasted up to 34 weeks. Parturients with co-existing uterine fibroids, multiple gestations, premature rupture of membranes, and those with prior postcesarean delivery wound infection were excluded. The eligible women recruited were distributed into two groups, namely, short (<18 months) and normal (18–36 months) IPI. The outcome measures were incidences of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorder and factors associated with the occurrence of placenta previa. A univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Mann–Whitney U test, wherever appropriate, to examine the significance of the differences in clinical variables. Results. A total of 248 women met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of placenta previa by ultrasound was 8.9% and 4.0% for short and normal IPI (odds ratios = 2.32; 95% confidence intervals = 0.78–6.88;

p
=
0.13

), respectively. The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum disorder was 1.6% and 0.8% for short and normal IPI (odds ratios = 2.02; 95% confidence intervals = 0.18–22.13;

p
=
0.57

), respectively. The only observed significant difference between the clinical variables and placenta previa is the number of cesarean sections (

p
=
0.02

) in women with short IPI. Conclusion. A short interpregnancy interval does not significantly affect the incidence of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorder following a cesarean section. There is a need for further study with large numbers to corroborate these findings in low- and middle-income settings.
Luteolin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis via the ERK/PPARα Pathway
Authors: Jiang Yuhui , Yang Wenjuan , Ding Jiameng , Ji Jie , Wu Liwei , Zheng Yuanyuan , Li Yan , Cheng Ziqi , Zhang Jie , Yu Qiang , Feng Jiao , Li Jingjing , Wu Jianye , Zhou Yingqun , Guo Chuanyong
Published: August 2022

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a clinically significant process that frequently occurs in liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy, and hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of luteolin in hepatic IR injury and the underlying mechanism. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, including normal controls (NC), luteolin (50 mg/kg), sham procedure, IR+25 mg/kg luteolin, and IR+50 mg/kg luteolin group. Serum and tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion to assay liver enzymes, inflammatory factors, expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy, and factors associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ERK/PPARα) pathway. Luteolin preconditioning decreased hepatocyte injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, downregulated inflammatory factors, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Luteolin also inhibited ERK phosphorylation and activated PPARα.
Application of Low Bit Rate Coding Based on Nonlinear Data Prediction in Wireless Network Multimedia Communication
Authors: Wang Wenmin , Li Shenghui
Published: August 2022

In order to realize the application of low bit rate video coding in wireless multimedia communication, this paper analyzes the principle of video coding and highlights the importance of low bit rate in wireless multimedia communication. For this, the iterative optimization method of contour height map contour, B-spline curve approximate contour, and control points is carried out to ensure that hearing and vision can achieve the clarity of video under appropriate conditions. The results show that compressing the original video to a suitable size for decoding and completing the output in a compatible format can realize the operation efficiency of the encoder and improve the coding speed.
Effect of Methanotroph Bacteria Isolated from Paddy Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) on Growth and Yield Components of Rice
Authors: Sahur Asmiaty , Yassi Amir , Syam’un Elkawakib , Ulfa Fachirah , Bahrun Abdul Haris , Djufry Fadjry , Widiayani Nuniek
Published: August 2022

The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).
Intratumoral Resolution of Driver Gene Mutation Heterogeneity in Renal Cancer Using Deep Learning
Authors: Acosta Paul H. , Panwar Vandana , Jarmale Vipul , Christie Alana , Jasti Jay , Margulis Vitaly , Rakheja Dinesh , Cheville John , Leibovich Bradley C. , Parker Alexander , Brugarolas James , Kapur Payal , Rajaram Satwik
Published: August 2022

Intratumoral heterogeneity arising from tumor evolution poses significant challenges biologically and clinically. Dissecting this complexity may benefit from deep learning (DL) algorithms, which can infer molecular features from ubiquitous hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained tissue sections. Although DL algorithms have been developed to predict some driver mutations from H&E images, the ability of these DL algorithms to resolve intratumoral mutation heterogeneity at subclonal spatial resolution is unexplored. Here, we apply DL to a paradigm of intratumoral heterogeneity, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of kidney cancer. Matched IHC and H&E images were leveraged to develop DL models for predicting intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of the three most frequently mutated ccRCC genes, BAP1, PBRM1, and SETD2. DL models were generated on a large cohort (N = 1,282) and tested on several independent cohorts, including a TCGA cohort (N = 363 patients) and two tissue microarray (TMA) cohorts (N = 118 and 365 patients). These models were also expanded to a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) TMA, affording analysis of homotopic and heterotopic interactions of tumor and stroma. The status of all three genes could be inferred by DL, with BAP1 showing the highest sensitivity and performance within and across tissue samples (AUC = 0.87–0.89 on holdout). BAP1 results were validated on independent human (AUC = 0.77–0.84) and PDX (AUC = 0.80) cohorts. Finally, BAP1 predictions correlated with clinical outputs such as disease-specific survival. Overall, these data show that DL models can resolve intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and biological implications.

Significance:

This work demonstrates the potential for deep learning analysis of histopathologic images to serve as a fast, low-cost method to assess genetic intratumoral heterogeneity.

See related commentary by Song et al., p. 2672