bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye Türkçesinde Ünlü-Ünsüz Uyumuna Uymayan Sözcükler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: TEPELİ Yusuf , ARICI Ali Fuat
Published: November 2018

Yapısı
bakımından eklemeli bir dil olan Türkçede ünlü ve ünsüz olmak üzere ikiye
ayrılan sesler belli kurallar dâhilinde bir araya gelerek kökleri ve ekleri
oluştururlar. Ekler hem anlam yönünden hem de ses yönünden köklere tâbidirler.
Kök veya ek almış sözcüklerde ünlüler dil ve dudak bakımından; c/ç, d/t, g/k
ile başlayıp hece oluşturan ekler ise kök, gövde ve çekim halindeki sözcüklere
gelirken ses telleri bakımından uyumluluk gösterirler. Türkçede g ve k harfleri
hem ön damak ünsüzü olan /g/ ve /k/’yi hem de art damak ünsüzü olan /g/ ve
/k/’yı karşılarken, l harfi ise hem ön avurt ünsüzü olan /l/’yi hem de art
avurt ünsüzü olan /l/’yi karşılamaktadır. Dolayısıyla öğrencilerin genelde
kalın ünlülerle hece oluşturan /g/, /k/ ön damak ünsüzleriyle /l/ ön avurt
ünsüzüne telâffuz etmede zorlandıkları görülmektedir. Türkçe konuşan ve
yazanlar, özellikle öğrenciler, ünlü-ünsüz uyumuna uymayan sözcükleri doğru
telâffuz etmede hem de doğru yazmada kolayca hata yapabilmektedirler. Bu
çalışmada öncelikle doküman analizi yöntemiyle Türk Dil Kurumu’nun Türkçe
Sözlük ile web tabanlı Sesli Türkçe Sözlük’ünde yer alan ünlü-ünsüz uyumuna
uymayan sözcükler tespit edilerek sistematik bir dizin oluşturulmuş; daha sonra
oluşturulan dizinde yer alan bu sözcükler ses yapısı ve kökeni bakımından
incelenerek bu türden sözcüklere ve öğretimine öğretimlik gramer odaklı
kaynaklarda nasıl ve ne kadar yer verildiği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Çalışmanın bulguları öğretimlik gramere katkı sağlayacak şekilde tartışılmış ve
buna bağlı öneriler getirilmiştir.
A GIS-Based Method for Identification of Wide area Rooftop Suitability for Minimum Size PV Systems Using LiDAR Data and Photogrammetry
Authors: Palmer Diane , Koubli Elena , Cole Ian , Gottschalg Ralph , Betts Thomas
Published: November 2018

A new method for wide-area urban roof assessment of suitability for solar photovoltaics is introduced and validated. Knowledge of roof geometry and physical features is essential for evaluation of the impact of multiple rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations on local electricity networks. This paper begins by reviewing and testing a range of existing techniques for identifying roof characteristics. It was found that no current method is capable of delivering accurate results with publicly available input data. Hence a different approach is developed, based on slope and aspect using LIDAR data, building footprint data, GIS tools and aerial photographs. It assesses each roof’s suitability for PV installation. That is, its properties should allow the installation of at least a minimum size photovoltaic system. In this way the minimum potential solar yield for region or city may be obtained. The accuracy of the new method is then established, by ground-truthing against a database of 886 household systems. This is the largest validation of a rooftop assessment method to date. The method is flexible with few prior assumptions. It is based on separate consideration of buildings and can therefore generate data for various PV scenarios and future analyses.
Personality and the Moderating Effect of Mood on Verbal Aggressiveness Risk Factor from Work Activity
Authors: Molero Jurado María del Mar , Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Barragán Martín Ana Belén , Simón Márquez María del Mar , Martos Martínez África , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: November 2018

One of the trends in current research in psychology explores how personal variables can determine a person’s communication style. Our objective was to find out the moderating effect of Mood in the relationship between the five big personality traits and an aggressive verbal communication style risk factor from work activity in a sample of nursing professionals. This study is a quantitative descriptive design. The final sample was 596 nurses with a range of 22 to 56 years. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, the 10-item Big Five Inventory, the Communication Styles Inventory, and the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens. This study showed that for nursing professionals, the “Agreeableness”, “Conscientiousness” and “Neuroticism” traits have a close relationship with aggressive verbal communication. Even though Mood moderates this relationship, it is only significant for those individuals with high scores in “Neuroticism”. Because personality dimensions are considered relatively stable over time and consistent from one situation to another, organizations should hold workshops and other types of practical activities to train workers in communication skills and Emotional Intelligence in order to promote employee health and that of their patients and avoid risk factor from work activity in nursing.
Contactless In-Situ Electrical Characterization Method of Printed Electronic Devices with Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhuldybina Mariia , Ropagnol Xavier , Trudeau Charles , Bolduc Martin , Zednik Ricardo J. , Blanchard François
Published: November 2018

Printed electronic devices are attracting significant interest due to their versatility and low cost; however, quality control during manufacturing is a significant challenge preventing the widespread adoption of this promising technology. We show that terahertz radiation can be used for the in-situ inspection of printed electronic devices, as confirmed through a comparison with conventional electrical conductivity methods. Our in-situ method consists in printing a simple test pattern exhibiting a distinct signature in the THz range that enables the precise characterization of electrical conductivities of the printed ink. We demonstrate that contactless dual-wavelength THz spectroscopy analysis, which requires only a single THz measurement, is more precise and repeatable than the conventional four-point probe conductivity measurement method. Our results open the door to a simple strategy for performing contactless quality control in real time of printed electronic devices at any stage of its production line.
CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Oncology: Changing the Odds against Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Mochel Jonathan P , Ekker Stephen C , Johannes Chad M , Jergens Albert E , Allenspach Karin , Bourgois-Mochel Agnes , Knouse Michael , Benzekry Sebastien , Wierson Wesley , LeBlanc Amy K , Kenderian Saad S
Published: November 2018

The advent of the genome editing era brings forth the promise of adoptive cell transfer using engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells for targeted cancer therapy. CAR T-cell immunotherapy is probably one of the most encouraging developments for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In 2017, two CAR T-cell therapies were approved by the U. S Food and Drug Administration; one for the treatment of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), the other for adult patients with advanced lymphomas. However, despite significant progress in the area, CAR T-cell therapy is still in its early days and faces significant challenges, including the complexity and costs associated with the technology. B-cell lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic cancer in dogs, with an incidence approaching 0.1% and a total of 20-100 cases per 100,000 individuals. It is a widely accepted naturally occurring model for human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Current treatment is with combination chemotherapy protocols, which prolong life for less than a year in canines and are associated with severe dose-limiting side effects, such as gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. To date, one canine study generated CAR T-cells by transfection of mRNA for CAR domain expression. While this was shown to provide a transient anti-tumor activity, results were modest, indicating that stable, genomic integration of CAR modules is required in order to achieve lasting therapeutic benefit. This Commentary summarizes the current state of knowledge on CAR T-cell immunotherapy in human medicine and its potential applications in animal health, while discussing the potential of the canine model as a translational system for immuno-oncology research.
A comparison of the effects of different stretching methods on flexibility, muscle activity, and pain threshold in ballet dancers; a preliminary randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Ko Min Gyun , Song Chang Ho , Lee Myung Mo
Published: November 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of stretching methods for flexibility, muscle activation, and pressure pain threshold in ballet dancers, and to suggest an effective stretching method. Methods: Thirty-three ballet dancers were randomized to a static stretching group (n=11), muscle energy technique stretching group (n=11), and vibration-assisted stretching group (n=11). The angle of hip joint extension in arabesque, the activation of rectus femoris in Devéloppé, and the pressure pain threshold on rectus femoris in sitting position were measured to compare the effects of different stretching methods. Results: Hip joint extension angles increased in all stretching methods (p<0.05), however, vibration-assisted stretching and muscle energy technique stretching were more effective than static stretching (p<0.05). The activation of the rectus femoris decreased in all groups (p<0.05), but the muscle energy technique stretching group and the vibration-assisted stretching group showed a significant decrease compared to the static stretching group (p<0.05). The pressure pain threshold showed significant improvement only in the static stretching group (p<0.05), and the vibration-assisted stretching group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vibration-assisted stretching compared to static stretching and muscle energy technique stretching is a beneficial method for flexibility, muscle activation, and pressure pain threshold in ballet dancers.
Saint Venant and Navier-Stokes Models for Tsunami Simulations
Authors: Journeau Camille , Pons Kévin , Marcer Richard
Published: November 2018

Into the frame of the French TANDEM project (Tsunamis in the Atlantic and the English ChaNnel: Definition of the Effects through numerical Modelling) Principia has been working on the development and qualification of two in-house CFD software’s: the 2D EOLE-SV (Saint Venant) model for simulation of large scale tsunami propagation from the source up to coastal scale and the 3D EOLE-NS (Navier-Stokes) model dedicated to tsunami coastal impact modelling. This paper presents a large range of test cases carried out into the frame of the project and dedicated to the validation of numerical codes in various tsunami wave conditions. The main aspects of phenomena such as wave generation, propagation and coastal impact are investigated on academic situations. A real case simulation is concerned as well, the devastating 2011 Tohoku event which is compared with in-situ data.
Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins on Surfaces
Authors: Tripathy Abinash , Wąsik Patryk , Sreedharan Syama , Nandi Dipankar , Bikondoa Oier , Su Bo , Sen Prosenjit , Briscoe Wuge H.
Published: November 2018

Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report facile fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin centre. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increase in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)2 orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth time were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonisation was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in Gram-negative E. coli culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterised by a water static contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with unique morphology via a facile fabrication route at room temperature, readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.
The Share Project: Building Capacity of Justice-Involved Individuals, Policymakers, and Researchers to Collectively Transform Health Care Delivery
Authors: Elumn Madera Johanna , Aminawung Jenerius A. , Carroll-Scott Amy , Calderon Joseph , Cheung Kei-Hoi , Marenco Luis , Wang Karen , Wang Emily A.
Published: November 2018

The Share Project (TSP), a US health justice initiative, convened key stakeholders to advance the use of inclusive research methods and data sharing to engage groups that are typically marginalized from research. TSP trained justice-involved patients, community health workers, policymakers, and researchers in participatory research and the use of a data-sharing platform developed with justice-involved patients. The platform allowed users to analyze health and criminal justice data to develop new research that is patient driven and responsive to the needs of providers.
The Legacy of 1987 Boreali v. Axelrod: Board of Health Rule-Making Under Siege
Authors: Perl Sarah B. , Merrill Thomas G. , Lopez Wilfredo , Bassett Mary T.
Published: November 2018

We explore how a 1987 New York State court decision—Boreali v. Axelrod—affected public health rule-making nationally and, with considerable impact, locally in New York City (NYC).

We discuss the history of the origin of the NYC Board of Health (BOH), and establish that legislatures can be challenging venues in which to enact public health–related laws. We describe how, as the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene began to tackle modern public health problems (e.g., chronic diseases caused by food and tobacco), the regulatory power of its BOH was challenged.

In an era when industry funds political causes and candidates, the weakening of the independence of rule-making boards of health, such as the NYC BOH, might result in illness and death.
Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Battaglia Muriel R. , Laseter Joseph R. , Chen Jeffrey W. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) is performed on patients with symptomatic internal snapping. This condition is defined as painful and sometimes audible snapping of the iliopsoas (IP) tendon over the femoral head or iliopectineal line. Arthroscopic IFL is performed if the snapping is unresponsive to conservative treatment
1,2
.

Description:

Hip arthroscopy is performed with the patient in the supine position on a traction table. The portals used to access the joint capsule include standard anterolateral, mid-anterior, and distal anterolateral accessory (DALA) portals
3
. With a 70° arthroscope, diagnostic arthroscopy is conducted to assess the quality of labral tissue, acetabular and femoral cartilage surfaces, and the ligamentum teres. When indicated, supplementary procedures, such as acetabuloplasty, labral repair, or labral reconstruction
4
, are performed prior to IFL. With traction still applied, IFL is then performed from the central compartment at the level of the joint line. Exposure of the IP tendon is achieved with the use of a curved blade to extend the capsulotomy medially over the 3 o’clock position (right hip). Once the tendon can be appropriately visualized, a progressive and complete transverse cut is made in the tendinous portion, taking care to avoid the muscular portion. During this process, the anterolateral and mid-anterior portals serve as visualization and working portals, respectively
5
.

Alternatives:

Prior to arthroscopic IFL for painful internal snapping, nonsurgical options
6,7
may include (1) physical therapy programs, (2) activity modification, (3) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or (4) ultrasound-guided cortisone injections.
Óleo de soja e óleo de soja residual em dietas para ovinos confinados: parâmetros sanguíneos
Authors: Scarpino F. B. O. , Ezequiel J. M. B. , Silva D. A. V. , Van Cleef E. H. C. B.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de 2 fontes lipídicas (óleo de soja e óleo de soja residual) na dieta de ovinos confinados sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos. Foram utilizados 24 borregos Santa Inês × Dorper, machos, não castrados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados e submetidos a três dietas experimentais: C= dieta controle, volumoso:con-centrado na proporção de 40:60; S= C com inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja; e R= C com inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja residual de fritura. Silagem de milho foi utilizada como volumoso e o concentrado era composto por milho grão inteiro, casca de soja, farelo de girassol, ureia, sal mineral, calcário e antioxidante. Os animais foram confinados por 105 dias, sendo que no dia 59 foram realizadas colheitas de sangue através de punção da veia jugular para quantificação de glicose, triglicérides, colesterol e proteínas totais, além das enzimas hepáticas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e fosfatase alcalina (FAL). A inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja ou de óleo residual na dieta aumentou as concentrações sanguíneas de colesterol e da AST (p
Caracterización mediante microsatélites del cerdo doméstico en Momil, Córdoba
Authors: Pardo E. , Cavadía T. , Meléndez I.
Published: November 2018

Se estudió la situación genética del cerdo doméstico (Sus scrofa domestica) de Momil, Córdoba, Colombia sobre 45 muestras empleando 20 microsatélites de los recomendados por la FAO/ISAG para estudios de biodiversidad porcina. Todos los microsatélites resultaron polimórficos y se han detectado, entre 2 (SW1067) y 13 (SW957) alelos, con un número medio de 5,2 y un total de 104. La heterocigosidad media esperada ha sido 0,5376 y la observada 0,5216. El PIC osciló entre 0,1689 (SW1067) y 0,7352 (SW957). La población estudiada es genéticamente estable.
Desempenho produtivo de vacas leiteiras Simental suplementadas com ácido ricinoleico extraido do óleo de mamona
Authors: Gandra J. R. , Nunes Gil P. C. , Gandra E. R. S. , Vale T. A. del , Barletta R. V. , Zanferari F. , Ferreira de Jesus E. , Takiya C. S. , Mingoti R. D. , Almeida G. F. , Paiva P. G. , Gobesso A. A. O.
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho e os parâmetros sanguíneos de vacas leiteiras simental suplementadas com 2 g/dia de ácido ricinoleico (AR) na dieta. Foram usadas 40 vacas leiteiras da raça Simental no meio da lactação, alojados individualmente em tie-stall. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos: 0 ou 2 g de RA / animal / dia, fornecido via concentrados. O período experimental consistiu de 42 dias, divididos em dois períodos de 21 dias. Foi observada a redução no consumo de matéria seca (CMS), aumento da produção de leite, gordura e produção corrigida 3,5 %, bem como um aumento do teor de gordura do leite em vacas que receberam AR na dietas. Nenhum efeito foi observado para os glóbulos vermelhos e brancos e metabólitos no sangue. Suplementação de AR melhorou o desempenho de vacas leiteiras no terço médio de lactação.
Caracterização espacial da atividade apícola na microrregião de campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Bendini J. N. , Orsi R. O. , Bendini H. N. , Souza D. C. , Salum R. B.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se gerar uma base de dados relacionada à distribuição espacial, de colmeias e produtividade dos apicultores regionais, por meio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) utilizando-se o Sistema de Posicionamento Global. Para a construção do banco de informações foi utilizado o software de processamento de informação georreferenciada. A microrregião (4 municípios e 54 apicultores) mostra concentrações (bolsões) de apicultores e de colmeias em determinadas localidades. São necessários mais estudos sobre a flora apícola local para se inferir sobre saturação de recursos para as abelhas, já que não foram observadas diferenças de produção entre os apiários isolados ou inseridos nos bolsões. O SIG mostrou-se eficiente para o mo-nitoramento da localização e procedência da produção regional e no planejamento da distribuição dos apiários e colmeias, podendo dessa forma contribuir para o melhor aproveitamento da flora local e melhoria da produtividade dos apiários.
Sequenciamento parcial dos genes TOX e NCOA2 em bubalinos
Authors: De Camargo G. M. F. , Cardoso D. F. , Baldi F. , Regitano L. C. A. , Tonhati H.
Published: November 2018

Os bubalinos são animais com uma importância grande para a produção de alimentos, além da ação sócio-econômica na região tropical. A caracterização de genes possibilita o estudo de características próprias da espécie e o desenvolvimento de tecnologia para sua produção. Esse trabalho estudou parcialmente os genes thymus high mobility group box protein (TOX) e o Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 (NCOA2) em femêas bubalinas da raça Murrah pela técnica de PCR-sequenciamento. Seis SNPs foram identificados em cada gene. Dois SNPs adjacentes no gene TOX criaram/destruíram um sitio de produção de um miRNA e são bons candidatos para serem estudos no futuro. A homologia das regiões desses genes com as correspondentes em bovinos é muito alta (99 %).
Análisis económico y de la producción del descerdado manual de la fibra de llamas (Lama glama) Chaku
Authors: Quispe E. C. , Chipa L. , Pinares R.
Published: November 2018

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de las diferentes zonas del vellón de llama sobre el rendimiento al descerdado manual, así como para realizar una evaluación económica de dicho proceso, se esquilaron 15 llamas de tipo Chaku o lanudo (7 juveniles y 8 adultas, que corresponden a la primera esquila) de un Centro de Investigación ubicado en Huancavelica, Perú. Cada vellón fue extendido y dividido dos lados y en 7 zonas corporales. Posteriormente en el laboratorio, previo pesado de cada zona, las muestras fueron descerdadas manualmente obteniéndose tres componentes: Fibra fina, fibra gruesa e impureza, los cuales también fueron pesadas. Asimismo 7 personas previamente entrenadas, realizaron el descerdado de muestras de 7 zonas corporales de 10 vellones previo control del tiempo, a fin de obtener el rendimiento de fibra fina/h. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un diseño completamente al azar y un diseño en bloque completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 7x2 y para comparar medias se utilizaron pruebas de Tukey y Duncan. Los resultados muestran que al descerdado manual de la fibra de llama se obtiene un alto rendimiento de fibra fina (68,60 ± 2.54 %), y que el estrato etáreo no tiene efecto sobre el rendimiento porcentual, pero si sobre el rendimiento de producción, mientras que las zonas de donde se puede obtener mayor cantidad de fibra fina son las que corresponden a las tres zonas del manto (anterior, central y posterior) y al cuello. También se ha encontrado que no existe efecto de la zona corporal sobre al rendimiento/persona/h y que dicha eficiencia por los descerdadores no es buena (9,9 ± 1,1 g/persona/h), por lo que al análisis económico resulta que la producción de 1 kg de fibra fina al descerdado manual tendría un costo en mano de obra de 141,45 USD $, y que considerando los costos variables, 1 kg de fibra fina de llama costaría 145,92 USD $, lo que contrasta con el precio de fibra fina de llama que se paga en el mercado, lo cual apenas llega a los 7,14 USD $, lo que permite concluir que el descerdado manual de fibra de llama tiene un alto costo económico.
Características cinemáticas de potros da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo nos sucessos e insucessos dos saltos em liberdade
Authors: Godoi F. N. , Bergmann J. G. , Almeida F. , Miranda A. S. , Santos D. C. , Siqueira A. B. , Pereira M. B. , Andrade A. M.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar as características cinemáticas de potros nos saltos em liberdade, com sucesso ou insucesso. Foram avaliados 108 potros Brasileiro de Hipismo em cinco saltos, em liberdade, no obstáculo vertical com altura de 0,60 m aos 22-25 meses de idade; 0,80 m aos 29-32 meses de idade e 1,05 m aos 36-39 meses de idade. Foram filmados e avaliados 1.348 saltos, sendo 1.067 saltos com sucesso (79,1 %) e 281 saltos com insucesso (20,9 %) (P
Lã: Características e fatores de produção
Authors: Amarilho-Silveira F. , Brondani W. C. , Lemes J. S.
Published: November 2018

A lã possui propriedades naturais e aptidões particulares que há intitula como a rainha das fibras. Suas propriedades são apreciadas pela indústria e são limitantes ainda no animal, pois as mesmas prezam por manter a integridade de todo ressorte de fibras do velo. A lã é oriunda dos folículos secundário, quais começam a se formar ainda no útero, onde o processo inicia-se dos 80-90 e conclui-se aos 120-130 dias de gestação, e maturam ao longo de um ano de vida. Ela é envolvida pela cutícula, sua estrutura principal é o córtex e quando presente, característica indesejável, de medulação. A lã passa por um processo de revalorização demandado pela reformulação de hábitos, em que considerar produtos de qualidade, quais os seus impactos no ambiente sejam menores possível, é indispensável para uma produção sustentável.
Crecimiento y desarrollo intestinal de aves de engorde alimentadas con cepas probióticas
Authors: Chávez L. , López A. , Parra J.
Published: November 2018

A través de la alimentación, los animales se exponen a agentes extraños, donde el epitelio intestinal actúa como una barrera natural contra las bacterias y sustancias tóxicas que estén presentes en el lumen intestinal. No obstante, la ingesta de bacterias probióticas podría influir sobre el desarrollo y función de órganos digestivos, específicamente el intestino, mejorando los parámetros fisiológicos, nutricionales e inmunológicos de este. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar diferentes cepas probióticas sobre el crecimiento alométrico y desarrollo intestinal de pollos de engorde durante su etapa productiva. Se utilizaron 125 pollos machos (Cobb) de un día de edad y alimentados con dos dietas: dieta comercial con y sin la adición de antibiótico. Los diferentes probióticos (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus ó Enterococcus faecium) se suministraron en el agua de bebida de los animales que consumieron la dieta basal sin antibiótico garantizando una concentración de 107 UFC/ml. El diseño estadístico utilizado fue de bloques al azar en arreglo de parcelas divididas. La inclusión de probióticos, específicamente E. faecium, en la alimentación de pollos de engorde mejoraron el peso, desarrollo y crecimiento de órganos de importancia digestiva, específicamente intestino, lo cual se ve reflejado en vellosidades con mayor altura y ancho, y criptas menos profundas (p
Respuesta de crecimiento y parámetros bioquímicos del suero en broilers de iniciación alimentados con harina de semillas tostadas de ñame africano y suplementación enzimática
Authors: Raji M. O. , Adeleye O. O. , Mosobalaje M. A. , Ogunjimi J. T. , Tewe O. O.
Published: November 2018

Este estudio se llevó a cabo empleando 150 pollos broiler de un día de la cepa Marshal (R) para determinar la respuesta de crecimiento y los parámetros bioquímicos del suero, empleando harina de semillas tostadas de ñame africano (AYBSM) en sustitución de harina de semilla de soja al 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 % (dietas 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5). Las dietas 2, 3, 4, y 5 fueron suplementadas con enzimas en la proporción de 100 g/1000 Kg de pienso. Las aves fueron aleatoriamente asignadas a los cinco grupos dietéticos en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado. Cada tratamiento incluyó 30 aves con tres replicaciones de diez aves cada una. Las variables medidas fueron: peso corporal, ingestión de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia de peso, mortalidad, proteína total, albúmina, globulina, creatinina, colesterol, aspartato amino transferasa, fosfatasa alcalina y aminotransferasa. El experimento tuvo una duración de cinco semanas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los grupos sometidos a las dietas experimentales rindieron mejor que el control (0  %). Así, las dietas probadas oscilaron entre 929,77 (g)-1216,51(g) mientras el control alcanzó 800 g. Un 20 por cien de AYBSM tuvo una conversión alimenticia (FCR) menor (2,03) que el control (0  % AYBSM) que fue de 2,97. No hubo diferencias significativas en la bioquímica del suero analizada, salvo para albúmina y proteína total que fueron afectadas significativamente (p
Efecto del ayuno ante mortem en el rendimiento de la canal y calidad de la carne de conejo
Authors: Cornejo-Espinoza J. G. , Rodríguez-Ortega L. T. , Pro-Martínez A. , González-Cerón F. , Conde-Martínez V. F. , Ramírez-Guzmán M. E. , López-Pérez E. , Hernández-Cázares A. S.
Published: November 2018

El efecto del ayuno ante-mortem en la calidad de carne de conejo ha sido poco estudiado. Se utilizaron 180 conejos machos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanca de 2,0 kg ± 0,04 de peso vivo (PV), los cuales fueron distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos (0, 4, 8 y 12 h de ayuno). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con el peso vivo al sacrificio como covariable. Se evaluaron las pérdidas de peso vivo (PV), el rendimiento de la canal, el pH inicial de la canal y final (24 h) de la carne. En el músculo Longissimus dorsi se evaluó el color, la capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), las pérdidas de cocción y la fuerza de corte. El PV disminuyó 0, 31, 54 y 76 g respecto al peso inicial, según el orden de los tratamientos. El rendimiento de la canal con 12 h de ayuno aumentó con respecto al testigo. El pH inicial fue mayor con 8 h respecto al resto de los tratamientos; sin embargo, el pH final fue menor con 12 h de ayuno con respecto al testigo. El color no se modificó por efecto de los tratamientos. La CRA disminuyó con 4 y 8 h de ayuno y la fuerza de corte se redujo con 8 h de ayuno, ambas respecto al testigo. Cuando se incrementó el tiempo de ayuno se reduce el peso de la víscera digestiva y urinaria e incrementa el rendimiento de la canal.
Análise econômico-financeira de sistemas integrados para a produção de novilhas leiteiras
Authors: Oliveira Júnior O. L. , Carnevalli R. A. , Peres A. A. C. , Reis J. C. , Moraes M. C. M. M. , Pedreira B. C.
Published: November 2018

Uma pecuária leiteira sustentável sob o ponto de vista ambiental e econômico é um grande desafio para a região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade econômico-financeira de sistemas integrados para produção de novilhas leiteiras na região Norte do Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram avaliados dois sistemas para a produção de novilhas, assim identificados: sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária e sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta. Os sistemas foram monitorados entre 2010 e 2015, durante a fase de implantação e produção na Base Experimental de Produção de Leite em sistemas integrados da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril em Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Projetou-se um horizonte para exploração de 14 anos, considerando uma área de 50 ha para cada Sistema Integrado. A partir do uso de planilhas eletrônicas foram projetados os fluxos de caixa para cada sistema para verificar a viabilidade econômico-financeira. Calculou-se o valor presente líquido, aplicando-se as taxas de descontos de 6, 8, 10 e 12 % ao ano. Os sistemas apresentaram valor presente líquido positivo quando submetidos à taxa de 10 % ao ano. A taxa interna de retorno foi de 11,37 % para o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária e a recuperação do capital investido foi de oito anos e oito meses. Para o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, a taxa interna de retorno foi de 10,73 % e o tempo de recuperação do capital investido foi de oito anos e três meses. O preço de venda das novilhas leiteiras com prenhez confirmada foi o item de maior influência nos resultados dos sistemas. Os sistemas apresentaram baixo risco econômico-financeiro. Os sistemas integrados de produção de novilhas são financeiramente viáveis, tornando-se boas opções para investimento, recomendando-se a adoção em função do perfil individual do investidor, quer seja pela capacidade de assimilação e gestão da tecnologia, quer seja pela capacidade financeira disponível para investimento.
Eficiencia anual en una operación comercial de ceba final de bovinos con la tecnología de silvopastoreo
Authors: Guevara Viera R. V. , Lascano Armas P. J. , Arcos Álvarez C. N. , Toro Ramírez A. del , Peña del Río E. R. , Curbelo Rodríguez L. M. , Guevara Viera G. E. , Serpa García G. , Soto Senra S. A.
Published: November 2018

Con el objetivo de evaluar factores que afectan la eficiencia en una asociación de Leucaena leucocephala ‘Perú’ con pastos para ceba final de bovinos, se analizaron desde el 2002 al 2012, 22 ciclos de ceba de toros Cebú en la unidad Represa #1 de la empresa pecuaria Rectángulo de ceba en Camagüey, Cuba. El suelo es pardo sin carbonatos. El clima es tropical húmedo de sabana (Aw) con precipitación media anual de 1183 mm. Los factores evaluados fueron: la carga animal (a/ha) y los años de evaluación. Se determinaron los cambios en el porcentaje de la población de pastos y de Leucaena por conteo de plantas. Se analizaron índices de ganancia diaria de pes o, gastos e ingresos por operación. Leucaena ‘Perú’ alcanzó valores finales del 93 % (p
Niveles de proteína bruta en dietas para gallinas ponedoras
Authors: Ribeiro Jr V. , Salguero S. C. , Vieira R. A. , Silva L. M. , Silva D. L. , Hannas L. M. , Albino L. F. T. , Rostagno H. S.
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar niveles de proteína bruta (PB) en gallinas ponedoras Hy-Line W-36 de 27 a 43 semanas de edad. 180 aves fueron distribuidas en un diseño en bloques con tres tratamientos, 10 repeticiones y seis animales por cada uno. Los niveles nutricionales fueron los adecuados excepto para la PB. Los niveles evaluados fueron 152, 172 y 182 g/kg PB. Fue estimado el consumo de pienso (CP, g/día), producción de huevos (PDH, g/kg), peso de huevo (PH, g), masa de huevo (MH, g/día), conversión alimenticia (CA, kg/kg y kg/docena), peso de yema (g/kg de PH), de cáscara (g/kg de PH) y de albumen (g/kg de PH). El consumo no fue influenciado por los niveles de PB de las dietas (p>0,05). El PH, MH, CA y Peso de albumen, no fueron afectados (p>0,05) por el nivel de PB de los piensos. Las aves alimentadas con dietas con 172 g/kg PB mostraron mejoras (p>0,05) en el PDH en un 2.35 % en comparación al nivel de 152 g/kg PC. El aumento de PB mejoró (p
Effects of Sulfur and Calcium Source on pH, Anthracnose Severity, and Microdochium Patch Management on Annual Bluegrass in Western Oregon
Authors: McDonald B. , Mattox C. , Gould M. , Kowalewski A.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Increasing sulfur application rates reduced the number of fungicide applications required to manage Microdochium patch.

Increasing sulfur application rates increased anthracnose severity.

Calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium phosphate did not have an effect on Microdochium patch or anthracnose severity.
A Comparison of Soil Texture‐by‐Feel Estimates: Implications for the Citizen Soil Scientist
Authors: Salley Shawn W. , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Holmes Caitlin V. , Karl Jason W. , Levi Matthew R. , McCord Sarah E. , van der Waal Cornelis , Van Zee Justin W.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Soil scientists estimate soil texture class with higher accuracy then previously reported in the literature.

Seasonal field scientists and citizen scientists estimate texture‐by‐feel with similar accuracy to university students with limited training.

When novice observers misclassify texture class, it is more likely because of errors in estimating ribbon length than estimating grittiness.

Estimating soil texture is a fundamental practice universally applied by soil scientists to classify and understand the behavior, health, and management of soil systems. While the accuracy of both the soil texture class and the estimates of the percentage of sand and clay is generally accepted when completed by trained soil scientists, similar estimates by “citizen scientists” or less experienced seasonal resource scientists are often questioned. We compared soil texture classes determined by texture‐by‐feel and laboratory analyses for two groups: professional soil scientists who contributed to the USDA‐NRCS National Soil Characterization Database and seasonal field technicians working on rangeland inventory and assessment programs in the Western United States and Namibia. Texture accuracy was compared using a confusion matrix to evaluate classification accuracy based on the assumption that laboratory measurements were correct. Our results show that the professional soil scientists predicted the laboratory‐determined texture class for 66% of the samples. Accuracy for seasonal field technicians was between 27 and 41%. When a “correct” prediction was defined to include texture classes adjacent to the laboratory‐determined texture based on a standard USDA texture triangle, accuracy increased to 91% for professionals and 71 to 78% for seasonal field technicians. These findings highlight the need to improve options for increasing the accuracy of field‐textured estimates for all soil texture observers, with relevance to career soil scientists, seasonal technicians, and citizen scientists. Opportunities for improving soil texture accuracy include training, calibration, and decision support tools that go beyond simple dichotomous keys.
Localized Sulfide Oxidation Limited by Oxygen Supply in a Full‐Scale Waste‐Rock Pile
Authors: Vriens Bas , Arnault Mélanie St. , Laurenzi Laura , Smith Leslie , Mayer K. Ulrich , Beckie Roger D.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

An operational, full‐scale waste‐rock pile was geochemically characterized.

Multiyear experimental data were collected on the evolution of pore‐gas composition in the pile.

Sulfide oxidation rates were determined on practice‐relevant spatial scales.

Major gas‐transport mechanisms and sulfide weathering rate controls were assessed based on experimental evidence.

Open‐pit mines produce large amounts of waste rock that is placed on‐site, often in tall, mixed‐composition piles. These waste‐rock piles pose environmental risks because their weathering (i.e., sulfide oxidation) may generate acidic and metal‐laden drainage. However, the reaction and transport limitations controlling sulfide oxidation remain poorly described at field scales. Here, we present comprehensive multiyear data from two instrumented boreholes in an operational waste‐rock pile at the Antamina mine in Peru. Localized but significant (∼20 m) sections of reactive waste rock with up to 20% (w/w) sulfide existed at depths of up to 100 m in the pile, and their oxidation with rates of up to 1 × 10−7 kg S m−3 s−1 completely consumed pore‐gas O2 and generated temperatures >40°C. Using mass‐transport calculations, we show that advective rather than diffusive O2 ingress controlled the sulfide oxidation rates in reactive regions of the waste‐rock pile. Sulfide weathering rates in the less reactive zones of the pile were not limited by O2 ingress, independent of the gas transport mechanism, with the exception of fine‐grained waste rock at or near complete water saturation. Our results demonstrate the pronounced effects of physical and mineralogical heterogeneity on O2 supply to waste‐rock piles and controls of gas transport on waste‐rock weathering rates.
Three-Dimensional Manufactured Supports for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Population Characterization
Authors: Polonio-Alcalá Emma , Rabionet Marc , Ruiz-Martínez Santiago , Ciurana Joaquim , Puig Teresa
Published: November 2018

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and the second cause of female death for cancer. When the tumor is not correctly eradicated, there is a high relapse risk and incidence of metastasis. Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) are responsible for initiating tumors and are resistant to current anticancer therapies being in part responsible for tumor relapse and metastasis. The study of BCSCs is limited due to their low percentage within both tumors and established cell models. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) supports are presented as an interesting tool to keep the stem-like features in 3D cell culture. In this review, several 3D culture systems are discussed. Moreover, scaffolds are presented as a tool to enrich in BCSCs in order to find new specific therapeutic strategies against this malignant subpopulation. Anticancer treatments focused on BCSCs could be useful for BC patients, with particular interest in those that progress to current therapies.
Application of Computational Techniques to Unravel Structure-Function Relationship and their Role in Therapeutic Development
Authors: Yadav Tara Chand , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Dey Arpita , Kumar Naresh , Raghuwanshi Navdeep , Pruthi Vikas
Published: November 2018

Application of computational tools and techniques has emerged as an invincible instrument
to unravel the structure-function relationship and offered better mechanistic insights in the designing
and development of new drugs along with the treatment regime. The use of in silico tools equipped
modern chemist with armamentarium of extensive methods to meticulously comprehend the structural
tenacity of receptor-ligand interactions and their dynamics. In silico methods offers a striking
property of being less resource intensive and economically viable as compared to experimental
evaluation. These techniques have proved their mettle in the designing of potential lead compounds to
combat life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. In the present
scenario, computer-aided drug designing has ascertained an essential and indispensable gizmo in
therapeutic development. This review will present a brief outline of computational methods used at
different facets of drug designing and its latest advancements. The aim of this review article is to
briefly highlight the methodologies and techniques used in structure-based/ ligand-based drug designing
viz., molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, density functional theory, protein-hydration
and molecular dynamics simulation which helps in better understanding of macromolecular events
and complexities.
Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging
Authors: Baranowska-Bik Agnieszka , Bik Wojciech
Published: November 2018

:

Insulin was discovered in 1922 by Banting and Best. Since that time, extensive research on
the mechanisms of insulin activity and action has continued. Currently, it is known that the role of insulin
is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin in physiological concentration
is also necessary to maintain normal vascular function.

:

Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of skeletal
muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, to insulin and its downstream metabolic effects under normal serum
glucose concentrations. There are also selective forms of insulin resistance with unique features, including
vascular insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, both classical and vascular, contributes to vascular
impairment resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in the elderly population,
additional factors including redistribution of fat concentrations, low-grade inflammation, and decreased
self-repair capacity [or cell senescence] amplify the vascular abnormalities related to insulin resistance.
Pycnogenol Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Mice
Authors: Goel Radha , Saxena Prasoon
Published: November 2018

Background:

Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain disorders in the world, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to an imbalance between cerebral excitability and inhibition. Oxidative stress is a biochemical state in which reactive oxygen species are generated and associated with various diseases including epilepsy. Pycnogenol, a polyphenol obtained from the pine tree and has antioxidant & anti-inflammatory activity. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Pycnogenol on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice.

Methods:

The mice of swiss strain each weighing 18-30g were used. Pycnogenol (50&100mg/kg) was suspended in carboxymethyl cellulose in saline and administered orally. Diazepam (1mg/kg, i.p) was used as a standard drug. The anticonvulsant effects of the drugs were measured using PTZ and cognitive behaviour was also assessed. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring Thiobarbituric acid, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and reduced glutathione followed by the histopathological study.

Result:

Pycnogenol 50 & 100mg/kg showed a significant increase in latency to PTZ-induced seizures, decrease in duration and frequency of convulsions compared to control animals; however, the effects were dose-dependent and were more significant at a higher dose. No impairment in cognitive functions like memory and muscle relaxant was observed following pycnogenol 50 & 100 mg/kg. The effect of Pycnogenol on biochemical parameter was found to be significant. It significantly (p<0.01) decreases the level of TBARS and increases the levels of SOD, catalase, and GSH in the brain tissue. The histopathological evaluation showed less neuronal degeneration in the brain due to PTZ-induced seizures in comparison to control group.

Conclusion:

Thus pycnogenol has a protective approach towards convulsion and can be included as an adjuvant therapy with antiepileptic drugs.