bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ecotourism potentials of Botutonuo Beach in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Eraku S , Hendra H , Permana A P , Syamsurizal A , Baruadi N
Published: July 2021

The ecotourism potential of the beach area in Bone Bolango regency, if developed optimally, is very high. Ecotourism development is a tourism activity that incorporates the principles of environment-friendly attitudes. It emphasizes the aspects of nature conservation, empowerment of the local community’s economic, social, and cultural competence, as well as education. Botutonuo beach is among the coastal areas in Bone Bolango regency with high ecotourism potential. The present study aimed to analyze the ecotourism potential of Botutonuo beach based on the physical, sociocultural, economic, and institutional parameters. It employed an ecological-spatial approach by involving the Geographic Information System (GIS). The research method comprised field observation; the data were retrieved by field measurement, interview, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed in a quantitative manner with descriptive statistical analysis, scoring analysis, and qualitative descriptive analysis to result in the final evaluation score of the site’s ecotourism potentials. The analysis result on the site’s physical parameters (vegetation, environmental hygiene, materials, and water brightness) indicated that the Botutonuo beach has high potential. The same criteria were also given in other physical parameters that consisted of distance, facilities, accessibility, and site attractiveness. Moreover, high ecotourism potential was also shown by the site’s other parameters (institutional, sociocultural, economic, and environmental parameters). The site’s high ecotourism potential was due to the beach’s characteristics. The site is a sandy beach that is naturally formed. On top of that, the community’s contribution to constructing tourism facilities was influential in boosting the ecotourism potentials.
Surface and subsurface analysis based on the geological structure and electrical resistivity Data in Gorontalo Outer Ring Road (GORR), Huidu Utara
Authors: Robot L C , Manyoe I N , Arifin Y I , Saputra M J A , Bilgais A A , Abdullah R A , Napu S S S
Published: July 2021

Gorontalo is one of the areas prone to earthquakes because Gorontalo has a geological structure, which is a fault. This fault has a northwest-southeast direction that cuts across the Gorontalo City area and crosses Lake Limboto. The research objective is to determine the direction of subsurface geological structures and analyze the impact of geological structures on the GORR development infrastructure. The research method is divided into several stages, namely, the preparation phase, the stage of data collection and the stage of data processing and analysis. The preparatory phase includes literature studies and regional geological studies. The next step is data collection in the field including lithology, geomorphology and structural data. And finally, data processing and analysis uses several classifications. Based on surface data, there are several types of lithology such as tuff, clay, and limestone which have started to decay. Geological structure in the form of fault / normal fault with northwest-southeast direction is also found in the study area. Based on subsurface data there are three types of layers namely clay sand, alluvial, and sandstone which are determined based on the classification of rock and mineral resistivity. Subsurface data also shows faults, in the same direction. And based on the vertical resistivity cross section shows the slip area seen from the resistivity value of the layer above it has a lower value than the layer below, it is very possible for landslides because the layer is more easily eroded and flowed, plus supported by a fairly steep field and rainfall in the GORR Region high enough.
Design of hoeckens linkage based walking robot with MPU6050 IMU as navigation sensor
Authors: Ooi K R , Rosli M A A , Latiff A R A , Othman W A F W , Alhady S S N , Wahab A A A
Published: July 2021

This article introduces a 4-legged walking robot using Hoeckens Linkage. In some applications, a legged robot is preferred if compared with a wheeled robot because it has a more considerable degree of freedom and can move on uneven surfaces. Hoeckens Linkage is one of the linkages that can convert rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion, which allows the robot to move faster than other linkages. This robot is designed using SolidWorks to simulate the Hoeckens linkage path, and its structure is built using 3D printed parts. Arduino Mega was used as a microcontroller to process the feedback signals so that the robot able to move in the desired pattern. The hall effect encoders were used so that DC motors always rotate with the desired RPM regardless of walking surfaces and power supplied to them. MPU 6250 gyro sensor also be used in this walking robot as a navigation sensor. Gyro sensor allows the robot to travel in a straight line or rotate a certain degree by computing yaw value from its raw data and DC motors’ control speed using a P controller. The speed average of the fabricated robot is 3.00 m/min.
Development of Theo Jansen inspired all-terrain quadruped mini mobile robot
Authors: Roslee H H , Tew J C , Ismail M A U , Adli A A A , Othman W A F W , Wahab A A A , Alhady S S N
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses an ongoing project of building a quadrupedal robot designed for operations in rugged terrain by using Theo Jansen’s linkage mechanism. The robot is unguided, but it is still able to maintain the ability to evade obstacles and change its course automatically. The robot utilizes Jansen’s linkage mechanism for all four legs to mimic a four-legged animal’s movement and stability. Due to the smooth motion nature, it can provide a very high degree of stability, enabling it to carry items that require a smooth and stable motion. Jansen’s linkage mechanism is also easy to operate and design; a pair of legs could also be powered by one rotational movement, reducing overall energy consumption. The quadrupedal robot’s goal was to maintain a smooth and stable motion even when navigating obstacles and could ensure item delivery safety. The fabricated robot’s average speed is 0.02178 m/s, and the power consumption is 5.71 W.
Neural Network Based Inverse Kinematic Solution of a 5 DOF Manipulator for Industrial Application
Authors: Aravinddhakshan S. , Apte Sudhanv , Akash S M
Published: July 2021

This paper showcases the application of Neural Networks for manipulation. Algorithm based approaches work well although are limited in their ability to find solutions sometimes. The tedious task of programming a manipulator can be replaced with Neural Networks which can learn how to solve Inverse Kinematics. We present a pick and place scenario using Neural Network to solve Inverse Kinematics. Their ability to learn from examples make them a good candidate to solve the inverse kinematics problem. For this purpose, a unique configuration of 5 DOF arm is designed to suit industrial needs. To train the network, a dataset of random joint positions is created and forward kinematics is derived for the corresponding joint angles. The joint variables are then fed to a path planner in Simulink and then the process is simulated.
Performance and ferrography analysis for determining the wear of an external gear pump
Authors: Dhote Nihal , Khond Mohan P. , Sheikh Shadab , Patange Abhishek D.
Published: July 2021

The present work employs an experimental and analytical method to investigate the wear of an external gear pump. The first part of experimental method involves, running the gear pump on test rig for set number of working hours and the performance curves are plotted for studying any variation during the course of experiments. In the second part of experimental method the circulated oil was studied for any contamination. Contaminated oil is an indication of wear which is to be detected using ferrography. The gear pump therefore was run for maximum number of hours to study the variation in performance of gear pump due to wear during the running operation. The oil samples were collected after the pump has been run at a set discharge pressure for a certain number of hours. Wear was expected to occur to detect the presence of ferrous particles for checking whether the gear pump components have worn out after the operation. Direct ferrogram reading machine was used to detect small and large particle size concentration and based on this the wear severity index was found out analytically. Also the necessary conclusions using graphical trend are obtained between particle size concentrations and wear severity index with respect to time.
Intelligent manufacturing in the context of industry 4.0: A case study of siemens industry
Authors: Kishorre Annanth V , Abinash M , Rao Lokavarapu Bhaskara
Published: July 2021

At present, the methods by which products are designed and manufactured are advancing at a rapid pace just before our eyes. The contemporary period known as Industry 4.0 is realizing an evolution from manual to digital operations and it has great importance to manufacturers throughout the world. In the context of Industry 4.0, intelligent manufacturing is a paradigm enabled for the integration of smart sensors and controls. Traditional manufacturers are exploring intelligent manufacturing approaches (Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Digital Twin, etc.) to improve their competitiveness, but lack in implementing them. This paper reviews the intelligent manufacturing approaches and extends a study on how a manufacturing production plant applies its intelligence in executing these approaches to transform from discrete manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing. The case study initiates the implementation of Siemens manufacturing production plant into a model based on intelligent manufacturing, thereby transforming the whole into an intelligent manufacturing industry. A broadened path about the implementation of intelligent manufacturing in this industry is outlined. In the operation of selecting these approaches, the manufacturing plant continuously mechanizes its products, informatizes its management, and digitizes its operation.
A Review on Design and Efficiency Improvement of Worm and Worm Wheel of a Gear Motor
Authors: Honkalas Rahul , Deshmukh Bhagyesh , Pawar Prabhakar
Published: July 2021

Geometry and operating standards determines that worm drives are critical components in and of applications within the power transmission industry. In one reduction point, it is used in large drive ratios with compact assembly dimensions. Worm and worm wheels are provided with a quiet operation owing to the movement of slipping between the worm and worm wheels tooth flanks. Its efficiency depends significantly on the thickness of the lubricating film, which in turn is dependent on various operating parameters. The different researchers have performed detailed research in the field of worm and worm wheel construction. Many researchers have developed and suggested methods for the prediction of worm and worm wheel gearbox performance with respect to different factors such as tribology, analytic and geometry. This paper includes a comprehensive literary analysis to obtain thorough knowledge of trends in the fields of worm and worm gears.
Intelligent Shophouse System
Authors: Ping Chew Rui , Wahab Aeizaal Azman A. , Bt Mohd Sabri Nurul Farah Aina , Bin Shairunizam Syazwan Iman , Mohamad Nazari Mohamad Haikal Bin , Nazli Alhady Syed Sahal , Wajdi Othman Wan Amir Fuad
Published: July 2021

An Intelligent Shophouse System has been developed and built which can applied in most of the small-scale stores such as convenient store and retail pharmacy. By implementing IoT, efficient customer monitoring systems enables to limit the customers from enter to the store and practice hygiene environment within the store. Compromising of different sensors which capable to detect the customers that come into the stores and track for the number of customers inside the store. The information from sensor help to count on for the customers and display the available spaces at outside the premise. An ESP32 is used to allow bidirectional communication between sensors and MIT application. The data from sensors will always updated into the IoT Cloud and users able to view the number of customers inside the premise in real time, while the users able to adjust the limitation of customers at anytime. Contactless hand sanitizer implemented to ensure hygienic of the customers and reduce spreading of virus. This is beneficial for users especially for shop owners which would like to limit and monitor number of the customer inside the store without being in contact with them and help to reduce the virus in their surroundings.
Predictive Handoff Management in Vehicular Networks Using both Weight Value Based and K-Means Algorithm Based Clustering Algorithm to Meet Desired QoS
Authors: Ramalingam M , Vinothkumar S , Varadhaganapathy S , Ramya P
Published: July 2021

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is a interesting and key research area which have more number of issues which needs immediate attention when moving towards intelligent transportation system. In this research work, we have proposed a new mechanism of IP scheme which highly helps in handover of vehicle from one RSU to RSU. RSU is playing a key role in delivering of one vehicle from its range to other RSU. Here, how Quality of service can be handled when unexpected handover happens between RSU. So, A new mechanism to predict the vehicles which may enter into handoff process based on its mobility and GPS location. This proposed IP scheme and the predicted handoff is tested through two protocols called Weighted Clustering algorithm and also with Mutated K-Means algorithm to test the performance. The results shows better results to maintain the QoS demands of the vehicle when the handoff is predicted in prior.
The Amalgamation of Internet of Things and Recommender Systems
Authors: Sharma Sheetal , Gupta Kamali , Gupta Deepali
Published: July 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) has upgraded the things and regular devices around to smart devices that can interact, share information and collaborate. With the plethora of IoT products, solutions, and workflows available online, the consumer finds it challenging to find the most suitable one. IoT, when integrated with the recommender system, can extend its features to the new space of innovation, usability, viability, and success. Various recommendation techniques can be employed to support users to get the best fit services, applications, sensors, products, and IoT workflows. This article will steer via the basic introduction of the IoT, its building blocks, hardware, software, applications, and its challenges. It analysed scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database with help of biblioshiny tool based on Rstudio software. The analysis is directed on 260 articles to figure out the trending amalgamation of Recommender System with the Internet of Things. Results point to fact that personalized recommendations for IoT-based applications are the most worked on topic by the authors.
Reviewing Trust Issues in Cloud Computing
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Kaur Amandeep , Gupta Deepali
Published: July 2021

Cloud computing is a technique to minimize the use of hardware and software infrastructure digitally for the dynamic delivery of services. There are numerous components of current cloud computing models: end-user computers, networks of contacts, access management systems, and infrastructures of applications. Different organizations of cloud computing are providing various policies for handling tasks of cloud vendors and consumers. During task migration, whenever data is transferred over the cloud from one node to another; then the sink node should be trustworthy. It becomes a challenging task to create reliable and trustworthy cloud platforms. As the base from the concept of cloud computing, many authors proposed data privacy, security problems, security challenges, trust models, trust issues, challenges of trust management In this paper, we highlight some of the trust issues faced by both cloud vendors and cloud customers while using cloud services.
A Comprehensive Study on Offline Signature Verification
Authors: Sharma Neha , Gupta Sheifali , Mehta Puneet
Published: July 2021

Handwritten Signatures are special types of behavioural biometric which are used in many applications such as banks, credit cards, passport, check processing, and financial documentation, etc. Verification of these signatures is a challenging task especially in the case of offline where there is no information of signing process. So there is a need for a system that can distinguish between the genuine and the forged signature to avoid the chances of theft or fraud. Many types of researches have been done in this area in the last three decades. Earlier this task was performed by handcrafted features and recently deep learning techniques have been employed for this task, but still, there is a chance of enhancement in the accuracy of the system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the work done in the field of offline signature verification and also the challenges which are still present in this area.
A Comprehensive Study of Recommender Systems for the Internet of Things
Authors: Mudita  , Gupta Deepali
Published: July 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an advancing technology that is a network of many smart devices connected together to provide services to various application domains such as smart offices, health monitoring, agriculture, etc. IoT-based recommendation technologies are becoming one of the key requirements that will recommend future IoT solutions. A review of existing recommendation technologies in the vibrant field of IoT is discussed in this paper. The main aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of existing literature on recommendation approaches. Several issues of applying recommendation systems to IoT are also discussed. Nearly 1000 research papers have been considered for analyses which are published by ACM, Springer, IEEE and Science Direct from 2011 to 2017. Finally, the recent research trends are spotted for future researchers intended to work in the recommendation-based IoT domain. Moreover, this paper also envisages the future of the Recommender System (RS) that opens up the newest research directions for young researchers.
Design and development of a ball-plate balancing system with a smart phone human-machine interface
Authors: Madhumitha G , Suresh Kumar S , Gurupriya A
Published: July 2021

Technology is so ahead that sophisticated processes could be accessed and controlled by a smart phone through which human-machine interaction is made easy and taken to the next higher level. A classic example of a highly unstable non-linear mechatronic process is a ball-plate balancing system. This paper presents the mathematical model and design of a typical two axes ball-plate balancing system, where the roll and pitch of the plate is controlled by the actuation of two servo motors. An image processing algorithm acts on the video feed obtained by a vision system, to read the position of the ball on the plate in real time. A proportional-integral-derivative controller is implemented to position the ball on a desired location on the plate. A mobile application forming an intuitive human-machine interface is developed to interact, monitor and control the operation of the ball-plate balancing system. The developed system has an error of 1.29 % in positioning the ball with a settling time of about 26.4 seconds.
Coordinated String Stability Control for Vehicle Platoons with Faster Settling
Authors: Nandhini M , Mohamed Rabik M
Published: July 2021

Coordinated adaptive cruise control (CACC) is a type of adaptive cruise control (ACC) that enables the driver to set the vehicle speed and the distance between current and preceding vehicles as well as helps to gather the data from vehicles around it and form a platoon. The main objectives for the paper are to implement coordinated cruise control, to minimize steady state spacing error while maintaining the string stability and to get earlier settling of string stability under external disturbances. Design, simulation, and testing of CACC under various conditions have been performed. Both feedback and feed forward controls have been employed for implementing the system model with controllers. It is assumed that all vehicles are having wireless access to share the speed and distance related information. It is observed that settling time for the string stability has been improved. The model has been simulated under disturbances and results are compared with existing ACC control. The simulation results validate proposed model in terms of settling of string stability.
Yaw Moment Compensation by Actuator-Based Control of Brake System in Automobiles
Authors: Bisht Vaibhav , Saravanakumar D , Sakthivel G , Sivakumar R
Published: July 2021

The growing use of brake systems in enhancing vehicle performance along with safety has promised a greater class of innovation. The presented research first discusses a vehicle dynamics model that accounts for the longitudinal and lateral forces acting on the wheels to compute the yaw moment acting on the vehicle based on the steering angle. Dynamic load transfer due to combined action of gravitational load, gyroscopic couple and centripetal force for real-time behavior is considered in the vehicle dynamics model. With a difference in theory and practice, work then focuses on the various disturbances that affect the dynamics of any vehicle under yawing action. The effect of wind disturbance is considered in-depth for the research and other factors like undesirable tire behavior have been discussed as well. For yaw moment compensation, a unique brake system layout with two circuits (primary & secondary), making the use of shuttle valves has been devised and a closed-loop control system is implemented. Each wheel is autonomously provided a brake force by an electromechanical actuator, computed by its respective PID controller to compensate for the variation in yaw moment caused due to external disturbances.
Brain Computer Interface Controlled Wheel Chair
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Mahajan Rahul , Sakthivel G , Saravanakumar D , Raghukiran N
Published: July 2021

Brain computer interface wheel chair specially designed for paralyzed and disabled person who are not capable to operate normal wheel chair. This wheel chair is based on (BCI) Brain computer interface, it can control the wheel chair from brain neurons by the help of BCI. Brain computer interface (BCI) is a computer-based system that obtain brain signal that can be controlled by Neurosky Sensor which is an electrophysiological process to archive the electrical activity of the brain. A BCI system recognize users to grant their determination by study their brain signals. This technology is very helpful for paralyzed and disabled person they can easily moves wheel chair in any direction.
Analysis of Fuzzy and PID control in Pacemaker with cardiovascular model
Authors: Manoj Srivatsn S , Vamsi Venkata Sai Kumar V , Sakthivel G , Saravanakumar D , Raghu Kiran N
Published: July 2021

Cardiac Pacemakers have been effectively implemented to balance the electrical conduction network of the heart; A pacemaker’s primary function is to control an optimal heart rhythm, either because the elementary design of pacemaker of the heart is not quick enough, or because there is a barrier in the electrical conduction mechanism of the heart. Modern pacemakers are capable of external tuning and it enables optimal pacing modes for individual patients to be selected by a cardiologist, especially a cardiac electrophysiologist. In this study, linear and non-linear control logic for the regulation of the electrical response from the cardiac pacemaker has been studied with evaluation. The logic is constructed based on the mathematical model of the heart which has been converted from physiological model to electromechanical model. The pacemaker regulation, based on the control logic is evaluated on the grounds of the PQRST wave complex and the precision of the complex.
Structural and dc electrical transport study of Cu-Zn ferrialuminates prepared by chemical route
Authors: Sankpal U B , Kulkarni A M , Waghadare S. S. , Sukhatankar K V , Kulkarni P P , Sathe D J
Published: July 2021

Ferrimagnetic ionic crystalline materials, with general formula AB2O4are termed as spinel phase ferrites. Electro – magnetic properties, concentration of different ions and surface morphology of mixed–metal oxides shows significant applications in the various fields. In above work, Cu doped Zn ferrialuminate were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion route. Purity of the synthesized materials were confirmed by XRD analysis which reveals the formation spinal phase structure and by applying the Debye-Scherer’s formula. Nanocrystalline nature of the samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle was found in the nanorange. The temperature dependent DC electrical conductivity was studied by two probe method. Semiconductor behavior with the rise in temperature were found in all the samples.
Improving the fatigue life of the tool-joint of drill pipes by optimizing the variable pitch of the box thread
Authors: Kopei V B , Onysko O R , Panchuk A G , Dzhus A P , Protsiuk V R
Published: July 2021

The reliability of oil drill-strings largely depends on the reliability of tool-joints. It is known that the load along the tool-joint thread is distributed unevenly and it is possible to equalize it by applying a variable thread pitch of a pin or a box. The article describes the optimization method of the pitch change function along the box thread by maximizing of the minimum value of fatigue life in the pin roots. Additionally, the value of the contact pressure on the shoulder, which determines the screw make-up force, is taken into account. To implement the method, we used the Abaqus/CAE and fe-safe software, the parametric axisymmetric finite element model of the tool-joint developed by the authors and the procedures for local (BFGS method) and global (Differential Evolution method) optimization from the SciPy package.
Experimental analysis of effect of speed and time on aluminium nanoparticles fabricated by high energy ball milling
Authors: Sarode Vijay B. , Patil Ravindra D.
Published: July 2021

Metal Matrix Composites are technologically advance material identified in recent era as a substitute for traditional engineering materials because of their excellent properties. Out of the available material, demand for Aluminium Matrix Composites are increasing in the sector of aerospace, automobile and defense applications. The Aluminium Matrix Composites are majorly accepted because of their excellent physical and mechanical properties. There are various manufacturing techniques developed for the fabrication of AMCs. High energy ball milling is a one of the most effective and versatile routes for fabrication of nano aluminium powder. The Al powder of 99.55% purity was taken for experimentation. The 60gm of Al powder was taken in stainless steel vial with BPR as 5:1. The stainless steel balls of diameter 4mm was used as a grinding media. The ball milling was performed at different speed and time in presence of 60ml toluene as process control agent. The characterization of powder particle was done with XRD and SEM. The analysis of peak were done on origin software. The optimum speed and milling time for fabrication of Al nanoparticles of size 36 nm were found to be at 250rpm and 3 to 6 hours.
Effect of surfactant mediated inter-particle interactions on the magnetic properties of Manganese Zinc Ferrite ferrofluid
Authors: ReenaMary A. P. , Divya D. , Jestin M. G. , Omari Imad Al , Anantharaman M R
Published: July 2021

Ferrofluids of spinel ferrites presents a multitude of applications in engineering and biomedical fields. The nature of the divalent ions and their occupancy decides the magnetic properties of the spinel ferrites. The nanoparticles of these ferrites and their suspensions in various liquids are of great fundamental interest as well. This paper reports the synthesis and magnetic relaxation studies on fluid particles of Zinc substituted manganese ferrite. Nanoparticles of manganese zinc ferrite with a particle size around 5 -6 nm, are synthesized by chemical method and suspended in kerosene and water, with proper surfactants. The structural characterization is carried out by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The magnetic properties are studied by employing a SQUID magnetometer. The temperature dependent static magnetic measurements and analysis reveal the inter particle interaction effects on the overall magnetic behavior of the constituent magnetic nanoparticles. The modification of the magnetic relaxation based on the surfactant is analysed.
Building Machine Learning Model for Predicting Breast Cancer Using different Regression Techniques
Authors: Devasena K. , Shana J.
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases in the world today. But early diagnosis would ensure timely treatment and even recovery. Apart from the medical procedures that help to identify cancer, techniques such as machine learning can be applied to predict the occurrence of the disease in patients by analyzing their cell data. In this work, an attempt is made to apply three different regression techniques Multiple, Ridge, and Polynomial regression techniques. The performance metrics reveal that Multiple regression has a better performance compared to the other models.
Photocatalytic Behavior of Ferroelectric Materials: Comparative Study of BaTiO3 and Ag-loaded BaTiO3 for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Siddiqui Moin Ali , Jaiswal Piyush
Published: July 2021

This work investigated the photocatalytic-induced degradation of organic dyes in the wastewater using barium titanate (BaTiO3) supported silver (Ag) metal particles. BaTiO3 ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction route. Ag metal was loaded on BaTiO3 particles using silver nitrate and polyethylene glycol reagents at room temperature without heat and light source. Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder showed more degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) dye as compared to BaTiO3 powder. Around 95.05, 94.75, and 94.5 % of RB dye degradation were observed within 180 min under visible light during the first, second, and third photocatalytic cycles. The photon-induced strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag metal has played a critical role in the induction of visible light photocatalysis in Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder.
Analysis and Simulation of Stability Technique of ALFC in Isolated Area of Power System
Authors: Michail C Sanitha
Published: July 2021

Major function of ALFC loop (automatic load frequency control) in a power system is to regulate the megawatt output and frequency of the generator. Variation in the load demand brings variation in the response of the system frequency. State equations of ALFC loop of an isolated power system, with and without integrator, are examined in the paper. This paper deals with the analysis and simulation of pole placement technique for stability of the system. Pole placement method will help the designers to choose the appropriate design parameters to get the desired response from the system.
Implementation of BL-PFC Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive for Application less than 800 W
Authors: Dhamodharan S. , Sebastirani K. , Dhanaseelan N , Guru Prasath T.V , Nivedha S , Harikumar Swathi
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the performance of a PFC SEPIC-fed BLDC motor drive for low-power applications. The BLDC motor’s speed is regulated by changing the DC connection voltage of the VSI that supplies the BLDC motor. The VSI feeding BLDC motor is used to electronically commutate the BLDC motor, which works at a low frequency to minimise switching losses. A bridgeless design of a single-ended primary-inductor converter is proposed that eliminates the need for a diode bridge rectifier. A PFC-based SEPIC is intended to operate in a discontinuous inductor current mode, with a single voltage sensor, to achieve inherent power factor correction at the AC mains. The converter proposed here has a low conduction loss, a low harmonic content, and a power factor that approaches unity. Simulate the circuit by connecting the output voltage to a resistive load. The recommended drive’s output is tested experimentally on a built prototype. At the AC mains, improved power quality is achieved under all conditions, and thus the obtained power quality indices are obtained. MATLAB-Simulink is used for all simulation work.
Implementation of sustainable materials in an existing residential building and comparison
Authors: Prajwal S , Akashaya Kumar V H , Patil Nayana N
Published: July 2021

Construction and construction related industries are chiefly responsible for depletion of natural resources and environmental problems, hence it is necessary to solve these issues using sustainable materials and techniques. In the study, a few alternative sustainable materials have been selected and have been implemented in an existing residential building. The effectiveness of sustainable materials in reducing the embodied energy and carbon footprint is enumerated in the selected conventional building constructed in 2014 and re-estimated as per the current SR Book of rates. The materials like building blocks, flooring material, paints, doors and windows and conventional slabs are replaced by their alternatives chosen through a detailed literature survey. To quantify usefulness of green materials in terms of cost and positive environmental impacts like reduced embodied energy and carbon footprint, a similar green residential building is proposed and to conduct comparative study for green versus conventional with all respective aspects. Materials used are brick prepared using mine waste, SHGC glass, filler slab, Bamboo doors and windows and low VOC paint materials. Overall construction cost is also 15.2% lesser than conventional as per the abstract between re-estimated conventional building and the sustainable green building. The overall carbon foot print and the embodied energy of sustainable green building is 39.3% lesser than the conventional one.
Influence of number of studs on compliance of a flight intersection joint
Authors: Umakanth M , Uday Kumar P , Narayanamurthy V. , Korla S
Published: July 2021

Flight intersection joints are temporary joints used to integrate one airframe section with another. They are characterized by their capacity to resist the rotational flexibility when subjected to an external bending moment, commonly termed as the joint rotational compliance (JRC). Currently, JRC is quantified mostly by extensive experiments on the flight intersection joints. The influence of number of studs in a stud-pocket type intersection joint on JRC is not yet well understood in literature which is addressed in this paper through numerical simulations. The variation in joint compliance and its dependence on number of studs are brought out through the analysis of circumferential distribution of joint displacement, JRC and joint rotational stiffness.
Fabrication of titanium dioxide nanotubes with reduced bandgaps by varying electrolytic concentrations
Authors: Bhadra C U , Raja Dr D Henry , Davidson Dr D Jonas
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this work is to fabricate titanium dioxide nanotubes of reduced bandgaps for hydrogen generation. Nano scaled material has many peculiar properties than the bulk ones and has led to great break in various fields of science and technology. Titanium dioxide nanotubes have great potential because of its functional properties such as large surface to volume ratio. The TiO2 nanotubes are grown by electrochemical anodization method at constant DC voltage of 12V for 1 hour. For sample A 0.25 wt% of potassium fluoride dissolved in 99% of ethylene glycol with molarity 0.004M is used as electrolyte. For samples B,C and D the electrolytic solution was prepared by the dissolution of 0.004M of ethylene glycol with copper nitrate(Cu(NO3)23H2O) solution of different concentration (0.002mM,0.003M,0.004M).Titanium dioxide nanotubes formed were studied by Field Emission Scanning Microscope and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and the results were discussed.
SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding mutations and antibody contact sites
Authors: Mejdani Marios , Haddadi Kiandokht , Pham Chester , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations can impact infectivity, viral load, and overall morbidity/mortality during infection. In this analysis, we look at the mutational landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, a structure that is antigenic and allows for viral binding to the host. We develop a bioinformatics platform and analyze 104 193 Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data sequences acquired on 15 October 2020, with a majority of sequences (96%) containing point mutations. We report high frequency mutations with improved binding affinity to ACE2 including S477N, N439K, V367F, and N501Y and address the potential impact of RBD mutations on antibody binding. The high frequency S477N mutation is present in 6.7% of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences, co-occurs with D614G, and is currently present in 14 countries. To address RBD-antibody interactions, we take a subset of human-derived antibodies and define their interacting residues using PDBsum. Our analysis shows that RBD mutations were found in approximately 9% of our dataset, with some mutations improving RBD-ACE2 interactions. We also show that antibody-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2 enlists broad coverage of the RBD, with multiple antibodies targeting a variety of RBD regions. These data suggest that it is unlikely for neutralization/RBD antibody binding to be significantly impacted, as a whole, in the presence of RBD point mutations that conserve the RBD structure.
Quid Pro Quo? A Review on Bee Utilization of Pollinator-Independent Crops
Authors: Kral-O’Brien Katherine C , Hovick Torre J , Harmon Jason P
Published: July 2021

Previous exploration has found that bee visitation tends to benefit yields of many pollinator-independent crops. However, the reverse of this relationship—if pollinator-independent crops benefit bees—has not been extensively studied or explicitly reviewed. Therefore, we initiated a review of the literature using Web of Science and EBSCOhost to determine whether: 1) bees collect pollen from pollinator-independent crops, and 2) pollinator-independent crops provided adequate nutrition for bees. These factors help establish if pollinator-independent crops could benefit bees. We found 45 peer-review articles that included bee pollen trap data on 13 pollinator-independent crops (self-pollinating and wind-pollinated plants), with Zea mays, Brassica napus, and Glycine max pollen most often found in pollen traps. Pollinator-independent crops averaged 12% of total pollen loads, but due to high variability, the median was only 1.6%. Pollen from pollinator-independent crops increased in landscapes with more agricultural cover, but our data was heavily skewed towards honey bees (Apis mellifera). We found the average crude protein for B. napus and G. max was high enough to support honey bee requirements (>20%), along with providing essential amino acids; however, average crude protein and essential amino acids may be lacking in Z. mays. Although some pollinator-independent crops are found in pollen traps and provide adequate resources for bees, they may fail to provide temporally stable resources and chemical-free space. For improved health and reproduction, bees need access to semi-natural landscapes within diverse cropping systems to increase diet mixing. This will help amplify the mutualistic relationship between bees and pollinator-independent crops.
Comparison of gene expression and activation of transcription factors in organoid-derived monolayer intestinal epithelial cells and organoids
Authors: Takahashi Yu , Inoue Yu , Kuze Keitaro , Sato Shintaro , Shimizu Makoto , Kiyono Hiroshi , Yamauchi Yoshio , Sato Ryuichiro
Published: July 2021

Intestinal organoids better represent in vivo intestinal properties than conventionally used established cell lines in vitro. However, they are maintained in three-dimensional culture conditions that may be accompanied by handling complexities. We characterized the properties of human organoid-derived two-dimensionally cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) compared with those of their parental organoids. We found that the expression of several intestinal markers and functional genes were indistinguishable between monolayer IECs and organoids. We further confirmed that their specific ligands equally activate intestinal ligand-activated transcriptional regulators in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that culture conditions do not significantly influence the fundamental properties of monolayer IECs originating from organoids, at least from the perspective of gene expression regulation. This will enable their use as novel biological tools to investigate the physiological functions of the human intestine.
Territorial damselflies are larger and show negative allometry in their genitalia
Authors: Galicia-Mendoza Dalia Ivette , Sanmartín-Villar Iago , García-Miranda Óscar , Cordero-Rivera Adolfo
Published: July 2021

The ‘functional allometry’ hypothesis proposes that the variation in allometric patterns of sexually selected traits is related to their function. We hypothesize that the allometric patterns for genitalia of aggressively territorial organisms are different from those in non-territorial organisms and predict that in aggressively territorial species, where body size is related directly to reproductive success, males must allocate more resources to body size than to genitalia. We studied 59 species of damselflies in 51 genera. Species were divided into three categories: highly territorial and aggressive; low aggressive; and not aggressive. We measured the length of the genital ligula, the width at the basis and its maximum width, and we used body length and wing length as descriptors of body size. The slope of allometric relationships was estimated using ordinary least squares and reduced major axis regressions. Our results indicated first, that territorial damselflies are larger and that body length and wing length are not equivalent as estimators of body size in odonates. Second, ordinary least squares and reduced major axis regressions provided different results in some of the analyses. Third, we found that aggressive species have less steep allometric slopes than non-aggressive species, both for the length of the ligula and for the width at its basis.
Functional study of distinct domains of Dux in improving mouse SCNT embryonic development†
Authors: Huang Xingwei , Hu Xinglin , Jiang Qi , Cao Qianzi , Wu Yanshuang , Lei Lei
Published: July 2021

Two-cell-like (2C-like) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a small group of ESCs that spontaneously express zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes and repeats, such as Zscan4 and murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine (MERVL), and are specifically expressed in 2-cell-stage mouse embryos. Although numerous types of treatment and agents elevate the transition of ESCs to 2C-like ESCs, Dux serves as a critical factor in this transition by increasing the expression of Zscan4 and MERVL directly. However, the loss of Dux did not impair the birth of mice, suggesting that Dux may not be the primary transitioning factor in fertilized embryos. It has been reported that for 2-cell embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and whose expression of ZGA genes and repeats was aberrant, Dux improved the reprogramming efficiency by correcting aberrant H3K9ac modification via its C-terminal domain. We confirmed that the overexpression of full-length Dux mRNA in SCNT embryos improved the efficiency of preimplantation development (62.16% vs. 41.26% with respect to controls) and also increased the expression of Zscan4 and MERVL. Furthermore, we found that the N-terminal double homeodomains of Dux were indispensable for Dux localization and function. The intermediate region was essential for MERVL and Zscan4 activation, and the C-terminal domain was important for elevating level of H3K27ac. Mutant Dux mRNA containing N-terminal double homeodomains with the intermediate region or the C-terminal domain also improved the preimplantation development of SCNT embryos. This is the first report focusing on distinguishing functional domains of Dux in embryos derived from SCNT.
Hypoxia-induced alteration of RNA modifications in the mouse testis and sperm
Authors: He Tong , Guo Huanping , Shen Xipeng , Wu Xiao , Xia Lin , Jiang Xuelin , Xu Yinying , Chen Dan , Zhang Yunfang , Tan Dongmei , Tan Yi
Published: July 2021

Hypobaric hypoxia as an extreme environment in a plateau may have deleterious effects on human health. Studies have indicated that rush entry into a plateau may reduce male fertility and manifest in decreased sperm counts and weakened sperm motility. RNA modifications are sensitive to environmental changes and have recently emerged as novel post-transcriptional regulators in male spermatogenesis and intergenerational epigenetic inheritance. In the present study, we generated a mouse hypoxia model simulating the environment of 5500 m in altitude for 35 days, which led to compromised spermatogenesis, decreased sperm counts, and an increased sperm deformation rate. Using this hypoxia model, we further applied our recently developed high-throughput RNA modification quantification platform based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, which exhibited the capacity to simultaneously examine 25 types of RNA modifications. Our results revealed an altered sperm RNA modifications signature in the testis (6 types) and mature sperm (11 types) under the hypoxia model, with 4 types showing overlap (Am, Gm, m7G, and m22G). Our data first drew the signature of RNA modification profiles and comprehensively analyzed the alteration of RNA modification levels in mouse testis and sperm under a mouse hypoxia model. These data may be highly related to human conditions under a similar hypoxia environment.