bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between consumption of red and processed meats with metabolic syndrome and its components in obese and overweight women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zandvakili Atousa , Shiraseb Farideh , Hosseininasab Dorsa , Aali Yasaman , Santos Raul D. , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Previous studies have shown a relation between the consumption of different types of meats and chronic disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between red and processed meat intake with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in healthy obese and overweight women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian women. The dietary assessment and body composition were measured by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Blood samples were collected by standard protocols.

Results

A total of 231 women (mean age 36.47 ± 8.44 years) were included in the current study. After controlling for potential confounders, there was a marginally significant associations between higher intake of processed meat with the MetS (OR:1.01, 95% CI: 0.94,2.94, P:0.06) and high serum triglycerides (TG) (OR:1.27, 95% CI: 0.94,2.98, P:0.07). There was a significant associations between high intake of red meats with lower odds of higher waist circumference (WC) (OR:0.31, 95% CI: 0.10,0.97, P:0.04). Also, there was a significant associations were found between high intake of processed meats with greater odds of having lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR:0.64, 95% CI: 0.30,0.95, P:0.03).

Conclusions

The current study suggests that higher intakes of processed meat may be associated with the MetS in Iranian women with excess body weight, while this was not the case for red meat. More studies however are necessary in different communities to draw definitive conclusions.
Dermatology teaching for undergraduate medical students in clinical routine – a structured four-week curriculum
Authors: Kliesener Tobias , Jandek Madeleine , Navarini Alexander , Brandt Oliver , Müller Simon
Published: February 2024

Background

Dermatology teaching is fundamental for the promotion of young colleagues in our specialty. However, traditional teaching methods are being scrutinized by students of the ‘Generation Y and Z’, which can pose new challenges for teaching institutions. We therefore aimed to assess the motivational impact and reception of a newly created four-week curriculum containing modernized teaching methods integrated into clinical routine.

Methods

In this single-center study, 67 medical students completed this curriculum composed of weekly learning objectives including knowledge of morphological terms, 10 common dermatoses, communication and presentation skills. The participants provided information on their level of interest in dermatology each week as well as positive and negative aspects of the curriculum.

Results

During the curriculum a significant median increase in interest in dermatology was reported with no differences between the genders. Low initial interest could be improved, high initial interest maintained. Participants with an interest in scientific work (20.9%) were more motivated during the curriculum.

The variety, quality of teaching and structure were the main aspects rated positively. Suggestions for improvement included the need for more teaching by senior doctors, transfer of responsibility, and a working environment updated to the latest technology standards.

Conclusion

The presented curriculum was well received by the participants and allowed to better define learning preferences of new generations which can be helpful to modernize traditional teaching methods. Interest in scientific work could be a factor to identify students with a particularly strong interest in dermatology.
Professionalism-training in undergraduate medical education in a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic setting in the Gulf Region: an exploration of reflective essays
Authors: Buhumaid Rasha , Otaki Farah , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Stanley Adrian , Ezimokhai Mutairu , Jackson Lisa , Ho Samuel B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Despite the established need to prioritize professionalism-training in developing future physicians, very few medical programs in the Gulf Region embed in their curricula discrete contextualized courses aimed at developing the corresponding competencies, while fostering self-directed learning. This study aims at exploring the perception of undergraduate medical students in a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic setting regarding their understanding of, and personal experience with professionalism through their engagement with the content of an innovative curriculum-based professionalism course, offered at a Medical School in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Methods

The study used a qualitative phenomenological research design. Out of 33 students, 29 students had submitted reflective essays. The content of these essays was inductively analyzed following a six-step framework for conducting thematic analysis. The framework’s steps include familiarizing oneself with the data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the report.

Findings

The inductive qualitative analysis generated theProfessionalism Learning Journeymodel. This conceptual model includes four interconnected themes:Awareness, Acknowledgement, Realization, and Application.The generated model depicts the trajectory that the learners appear to experience while they are engaging with the content of the course.

Conclusion

Integrating a professionalism-training course into an undergraduate medical curriculum is likely to be positively appraised by the learners. It raises their awareness, enables them to value the subject matter and the sophistication of its application, and empowers them to put into practice the taught principles, on an individual basis and collectively. This is especially true when the course is entrenched in constructivism experiential learning theory and designed to foster self-directed learning. The introduced conceptual model, in conjunction with the innovative professionalism-training course curriculum, can serve as a template for other competencies and other schools.
Patient activation levels and socioeconomic factors among the Amazonas population with diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Leon Elisa Brosina , Campos Hércules Lázaro Morais , Santos Natália Barbeiro , Brito Fabiana Almeida , Almeida Fabio Araújo
Published: February 2024

Background

The presence of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires behavioral lifestyle changes mediated by individuals’ motivation for change and adherence to treatment. This study aims to explore activation levels in individuals with T2DM treated in primary care facilities and to identify the association between demographic, clinical, psychosocial factors, and patient activation amongst populations in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

Methods

SAPPA is a cross-sectional study conducted in Amazonas, approved by the Universidade Federal do Amazona’s IRB in Brazil. Individuals with T2DM were evaluated in their homes (n = 4,318,325). The variables were sex, age, skin color, education level; health-related variables such as body mass index, nutritional behavior, and frequency of physical activity. Measures related to patient self-management behaviors over the past 6 months (Patient Activation Measure – PAM-13) were included in the survey. Descriptive and frequency data are presented as mean (standard deviation (SD)) or numeric percentage). Statistical testing was performed using IBM SPSS V.26, and a p-value of < 0.050 showed significance. Activation levels were dichotomized into low activation (Levels 1 and 2) and high activation (Levels 3 and 4). A multivariate linear model assessed the association between the PAM-13 score and the following variables: age, sex, BMI, skin color, number of comorbidities, burden of symptoms, and number of medications.

Results

Logistic regression analyses indicated a statistically significant association between sex, age, education, self-rated health, and general satisfaction with life. men were 43% more likely to score lower levels (p < 0.001). The results also indicated that advanced age had lower PAM levels (p < 0.001). Participants with fewer years of education were 44% more likely to have lower levels of PAM (p = 0.03). Worse self-rated health (p < 0.001) and lower general life satisfaction (p = 0.014) were associated with lower PAM levels.

Conclusions

Low patient activation was associated with worse sociodemographic, health, and psychological conditions in the Amazon population. The low level of patient activation observed in this sample highlights an important impediment to diabetes disease management/self-management in disadvantaged populations.
Construction of recombinant Lactococcus expressing thymosin and interferon fusion protein and its application as an immune adjuvant
Authors: Liu Zengqi , Zhang Suhua , Hu Hongjiao , Wang He , Qiu Yu , Dong Mingqi , Wang Muping , Cui Ziyang , Cui Hongyu , Wang Yunfeng , He Gaoming
Published: February 2024

Background

In recent years, biosafety and green food safety standards have increased the demand for immune enhancers and adjuvants. In the present study, recombinant food-grade Lactococcus lactis (r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN) expressing thymosin Tα1 and chicken interferon fusion protein was constructed.

Results

The in vitro interactions with macrophages revealed a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate both macrophage J774-Dual™ NF-κB and interferon regulator (IRF) signaling pathways. In vitro interactions with chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN significantly enhanced the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, CD80, and CD86 proteins in chicken PBMCs. Animal experiments displayed that injecting a lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate the proliferation of T cells and antigen-presenting cells in chicken PBMCs. Moreover, 16S analysis of intestinal microbiota demonstrated that injection of the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly improve the structure and composition of chicken intestinal microbiota, with a significant increase in probiotic genera, such as Lactobacillus spp. Results of animal experiments using the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN as an immune adjuvant for inactivated chicken Newcastle disease vaccine showed that the serum antibody titers of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group, and the expression levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group.

Conclusion

These results indicate that food-safe recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN has potential as a vaccine immune booster and immune adjuvant. This study lays the foundation for the development of natural green novel animal immune booster or immune adjuvant.
Spatial and single-cell analyses uncover links between ALKBH1 and tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer
Authors: Chang Renin , Tsui Kuan-Hao , Pan Li-Fei , Li Chia-Jung
Published: February 2024

Background

AlkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase (ALKBH1), a crucial enzyme involved in RNA demethylation in humans, plays a significant role in various cellular processes. While its role in tumor progression is well-established, its specific contribution to stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains elusive. This study seeks to explore the clinical and pathological relevance of ALKBH1, its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment, and its potential for precision oncology in STAD.

Methods

We adopted a comprehensive multi-omics approach to identify ALKBH1 as an potential diagnostic biomarker for STAD, demonstrating its association with advanced clinical stages and reduced overall survival rates. Our analysis involved the utilization of publicly available datasets from GEO and TCGA. We identified differentially expressed genes in STAD and scrutinized their relationships with immune gene expression, overall survival, tumor stage, gene mutation profiles, and infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, we employed spatial transcriptomics to investigate ALKBH1 expression across distinct regions of STAD. Additionally, we conducted spatial transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses to elucidate the correlation between ALKBH1 expression and immune cell populations. Our findings were validated through immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics on 60 STAD patient samples.

Results

Our study unveiled crucial gene regulators in STAD linked with genetic variations, deletions, and the tumor microenvironment. Mutations in these regulators demonstrated a positive association with distinct immune cell populations across six immune datasets, exerting a substantial influence on immune cell infiltration in STAD. Furthermore, we established a connection between elevated ALKBH1 expression and macrophage infiltration in STAD. Pharmacogenomic analysis of gastric cancer cell lines further indicated that ALKBH1 inactivation correlated with heightened sensitivity to specific small-molecule drugs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study highlights the potential role of ALKBH1 alterations in the advancement of STAD, shedding light on novel diagnostic and prognostic applications of ALKBH1 in this context. We underscore the significance of ALKBH1 within the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting its utility as a precision medicine tool and for drug screening in the management of STAD.
Peroxiredoxin 3 regulates breast cancer progression via ERK-mediated MMP-1 expression
Authors: Chua Pei-Jou , Ow Suet-Hui , Ng Cheng-Teng , Huang Wan-Hong , Low Jie-Ting , Tan Puay Hoon , Chan Michael W.Y. , Bay Boon-Huat
Published: February 2024

Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide scavenger, is known to be upregulated during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we provide evidence for the first time that PRDX3 could regulate cellular signaling pathways associated with Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and activity in breast cancer progression. We show that shRNA-mediated gene silencing of PRDX3 inhibits cell migration and invasion in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Reciprocal experiments show that PRDX3 overexpression promotes invasion and migration of the cancer cells, processes which are important in the metastatic cascade. Notably, this phenomenon may be attributed to the activation of MMP-1, which is observed to be upregulated by PRDX3 in the breast cancer cells. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissues revealed a positive correlation between PRDX3 and MMP-1 expression in both epithelial and stromal parts of the tissues. Further pathway reporter array and luciferase assay demonstrated that activation of ERK signaling is responsible for the transcriptional activation of MMP-1 in PRDX3-overexpressed cells. These findings suggest that PRDX3 could mediate cancer spread via ERK-mediated activation of MMP-1. Targeted inhibition of ERK signaling may be able to inhibit tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.
Long-acting anti-inflammatory injectable DEX-Gel with sustained release and self-healing properties regulates TH1/TH2 immune balance for minimally invasive treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Dai Li , Liu Bin , Lin Jiangtao , Jiang Yongquan , Li Yuanyuan , Yao Zhuowei , Shen Silin , Jiang Yiming , Duan Yourong , Li Jiping
Published: February 2024

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent immune-related allergic disease, and corticosteroid nasal sprays serve as the primary treatment for this patient population. However, their short duration of efficacy and frequent administration pose challenges, leading to drug wastage and potential adverse effects. To overcome these limitations, we devised a novel approach to formulate DEX-Gel by incorporating dexamethasone (DEX) into a blend of Pluronic F127, stearic acid (SA), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) to achieve sustained-release treatment for AR.

Results

Following endoscopic injection into the nasal mucosa of AR rats, DEX-Gel exhibited sustained release over a 14-day period. In vivo trials employing various assays, such as flow cytometry (FC), demonstrated that DEX-Gel not only effectively managed allergic symptoms but also significantly downregulated helper T-cells (TH) 2 and TH2-type inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukins 4, 5, and 13). Additionally, the TH1/TH2 cell ratio was increased.

Conclusion

This innovative long-acting anti-inflammatory sustained-release therapy addresses the TH1/TH2 immune imbalance, offering a promising and valuable approach for the treatment of AR and other inflammatory nasal diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Identification of predictors for short-term recurrence: comprehensive analysis of 296 retroperitoneal liposarcoma cases
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Li Rui , Yuan Zhen , Ye Jiahu , He Ping , Li Peiyu , Sun Yan , Zhao Xudong
Published: February 2024

Background

The short-term (≤ 1 year) recurrence (STR) is the primary determinant impacting both the life quality and survival duration in patients who have undergone surgical resection for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS), a condition with intricate and ambiguous pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with STR in cases of RPLS and primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma (PRPLS).

Methods

For this retrospective observational study, a total of 296 RPLS cases were selected as research subjects, who experienced tumor recurrence during the follow-up period. The Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and subsequently compared between groups utilizing the log-rank test. The subsequent analyses involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of STR in RPLS cases. Additionally, a logistic regression model was constructed for PRPLS.

Results

The 1-, 3-, and 5-year LRFS rates of the 296 RPLS cases were 51.7%, 16.9%, and 7.1%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, several factors were found to be associated with STR, including preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), smoking history, surgical frequency, combined organ excision, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), multiple primary tumors, tumor shape and capsule characteristics, histological subtype, and presence of tumor necrosis. The elevated preoperative NLR, surgical frequency of ≥ 3 times, transfer to the ICU, presence of multiple primary tumors, and tumor necrosis were identified as independent risk factors for STR in surgically resected RPLS. Conversely, diabetes, intact tumor capsule, and well-differentiated histological subtype appeared to be independent protective factors. Analysis for PRPLS revealed that tumor capsule and tumor necrosis were independent predictors of STR.

Conclusions

The elevated preoperative NLR, surgical frequency of ≥ 3 times, transfer to the ICU, presence of multiple primary tumors, tumor necrosis, and tumor capsule were expected to serve as predictive factors of STR for surgical resected RPLS and PRPLS.
The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology
Authors: Cui Huantian , Wang Ning , Li Hanzhou , Bian Yuhong , Wen Weibo , Kong Xiangying , Wang Fudi
Published: February 2024

The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These “bi-functional” cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy “Yin-Yang” theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of “Yin-Yang” theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of “Yin-Yang” theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient “Yin-Yang” theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between chronic liver diseases and musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Lu Zhengjie , Li Xuefei , Qi Yongjian , Li Bin , Chen Liaobin
Published: February 2024

Background

Chronic liver diseases constitute a major global public health burden, posing a substantial threat to patients’ daily lives and even survival due to the potential development of musculoskeletal disorders. Although the relationship between chronic liver diseases and musculoskeletal disorders has received extensive attention, their causal relationship has not been comprehensively and systematically investigated.

Methods

This study aimed to assess the causal relationships between viral hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) research. The traits related to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis included both overall and site-specific phenotypes, and the traits linked to sarcopenia involved indicators of muscle mass and function. Random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and Causal Analysis Using the Summary Effect Estimates were used to evaluate causal effects, with IVW being the main analysis method. To enhance robustness, sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and latent causal variable model.

Results

The forward MR analysis indicated that PSC can reduce forearm bone mineral density (beta = − 0.0454, 95% CI − 0.0798 to − 0.0110; P = 0.0098) and increase the risk of overall osteoarthritis (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.002–1.022; P = 0.0247), while HCC can decrease grip strength (beta = − 0.0053, 95% CI − 0.008 to − 0.0025; P = 0.0002). The reverse MR analysis did not find significant causal effects of musculoskeletal disorders on chronic liver diseases. Additionally, no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected.

Conclusions

These findings corroborate the causal effects of PSC on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, as well as the causal impact of HCC on sarcopenia. Thus, the implementation of comprehensive preventive measures is imperative for PSC and HCC patients to mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, ultimately improving their quality of life.
Reproductive autonomy and the experience of later-than-desired pregnancy: results from a cross-sectional survey of reproductive-aged women in Uganda
Authors: Bell Suzanne O. , Makumbi Fredrick , Sarria Isabella , Kibira Simon P. S. , Zimmerman Linnea A.
Published: February 2024

Background

The focus of reproductive autonomy research has historically been on the experience of unintended pregnancy and use of contraceptive methods. However, this has led to the neglect of a different group of women who suffer from constraints on their reproductive autonomy—women who experience pregnancies later than they desire or who are unable to become pregnant. This study examines the extent of later-than-desired pregnancy among women and evaluates the sociodemographic and reproductive factors associated with this experience in Uganda.

Methods

We use data from the Performance Monitoring for Action Uganda 2022 female survey. We restricted the nationally representative sample of reproductive-aged women to those who were currently pregnant or who had ever given birth (n = 3311). We compared the characteristics of women across fertility intention categories (wanted pregnancy earlier, then, later, or not at all) of their current or most recent birth and used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors independently associated with having a pregnancy later than desired compared to at a desired time.

Results

Overall, 28.3% of women had a later-than-desired pregnancy. Nearly all sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics were associated with the desired pregnancy timing of women’s current or most recent pregnancy. Having higher education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–5.13], having sought care for difficulties getting pregnant (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.30–3.46), and having less than very good self-rated health (good health aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.12–2.71; moderate health aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09–2.86; very bad health aOR 4.32, 95% CI 1.15–16.26) were all independently significantly associated with increased odds of having a later-than-desired pregnancy. Being nulliparous (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 0.99–3.95) was also borderline significantly associated with having a later-than-desired pregnancy.

Conclusions

Identifying those who have later-than-desired pregnancies is essential if we seek to make progress towards supporting women and couples in achieving their reproductive goals, not just preventing pregnancies. Research on desired pregnancy timing in sub-Saharan Africa should be expanded to capture later-than-desired pregnancies, a population which is invisible in existing data. This work has public health implications due to commonalities in the factors associated with mistimed and unintended pregnancies and their link to poorer health and potentially poorer pregnancy outcomes.
Mechanisms and consequences of mRNA destabilization during viral infections
Authors: Shehata Soraya I. , Watkins J. Monty , Burke James M. , Parker Roy
Published: February 2024

During viral infection there is dynamic interplay between the virus and the host to regulate gene expression. In many cases, the host induces the expression of antiviral genes to combat infection, while the virus uses “host shut-off” systems to better compete for cellular resources and to limit the induction of the host antiviral response. Viral mechanisms for host shut-off involve targeting translation, altering host RNA processing, and/or inducing the degradation of host mRNAs. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms viruses use to degrade host mRNAs. In addition, the widespread degradation of host mRNAs can have common consequences including the accumulation of RNA binding proteins in the nucleus, which leads to altered RNA processing, mRNA export, and changes to transcription.
Influence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic on selected active substances in the intramural neurons of the porcine duodenum
Authors: Gałęcka Ismena , Szyryńska Natalia , Całka Jarosław
Published: February 2024

Background

Currently, society and industry generate huge amounts of plastics worldwide. The ubiquity of microplastics is obvious, but its impact on the animal and human organism remains not fully understood. The digestive tract is one of the first barriers between pathogens and xenobiotics and a living organism. Its proper functioning is extremely important in order to maintain homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microplastic on enteric nervous system and histological structure of swine duodenum. The experiment was carried out on 15 sexually immature gilts, approximately 8 weeks old. The animals were randomly divided into 3 study groups (n = 5/group). The control group received empty gelatin capsules once a day for 28 days, the first research group received daily gelatin capsules with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles as a mixture of particles of various sizes (maximum particle size 300 µm) at a dose of 0.1 g/animal/day. The second study group received a dose ten times higher—1 g/animal/day.

Results

A dose of 1 g/day/animal causes more changes in the enteric nervous system and in the histological structure of duodenum. Statistically significant differences in the expression of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, galanin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vesicular acetylcholine transporter and vasoactive intestinal peptide between control and high dose group was noted. The histopathological changes were more frequently observed in the pigs receiving higher dose of PET.

Conclusion

Based on this study it may be assumed, that oral intake of microplastic might have potential negative influence on digestive tract, but it is dose-dependent.
Technology-based interventions for tobacco smoking prevention and treatment: a 20-year bibliometric analysis (2003–2022)
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Substance abuse, particularly tobacco smoking, is a significant global public health concern. Efforts have been made to reduce smoking prevalence and promote cessation, but challenges, such as nicotine addiction, marketing tactics by tobacco industry, and cultural acceptability hinder progress. Technology has emerged as a potential tool to address these challenges by providing innovative scalable interventions. The objective of the study was to analyze and map scientific literature on technology-based intervention for tobacco prevention and treatment.

Methods

A bibliometric methodology was conducted. Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant research articles published between 2003 and 2022. The analysis included publication trends, key contributors, research hotspots, research themes, the most impactful articles, and emerging research topics.

Results

A total of 639 articles were found, with a slow and fluctuating growth pattern observed after 2011. The Journal of Medical Internet Research was the most prominent journal in the field. The United States was the leading country in the field, followed up by the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Research hotspots included smoking cessation, randomized controlled trials, and technology-based methods such as internet, mHealth, smartphone apps, text messages, and social media. Four primary research themes were identified: development of smartphone applications, efficacy of text messaging interventions, acceptance and effectiveness of smartphone applications, and interventions targeting young adults and students using mobile phone and social media platforms. The top 10 cited articles demonstrated effectiveness of digital interventions in promoting smoking cessation rates and reducing relapse rates. Emerging research topics included the use of virtual reality interventions, interventions for specific populations through personalized tools, and technology-based interventions in non-Western countries.

Conclusions

The findings of the current study highlight the potential of technology to address the challenges associated with tobacco smoking. Further future research in this area is warranted to continue advancing the field and developing effective and evidence-based interventions to combat tobacco smoking.
Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor A gene polymorphisms and tendon and ligament injury risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xi-yong , Wang Yun-lu , Yang Su , Liao Chang-sheng , Li Song-feng , Han Peng-fei
Published: February 2024

Background

Relevant evidence suggests that angiogenic factors contribute significantly to fibril matrix reconstruction following physical injuries to tendon ligaments. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), with its potent angiogenic effect, has been studied extensively, and its functional polymorphisms, including rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963, have been the focus of numerous investigations. Some scholars have explored the association between gene polymorphisms in the VEGFA and the risk of tendon ligament injury, but the findings are not entirely consistent.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 gene polymorphisms in VEGFA and the risk of tendon and ligament injuries.

Methods

After including articles about the association of VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 polymorphisms with tendon and ligament injuries according to the search strategy, we assessed their quality and conducted meta-analyses to examine the link between these polymorphisms and the risk of tendon and ligament injuries using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Of 86 related articles, six were included in the meta-analysis. Some of these suggest an association between VEGFA rs2010963 and the risk of tendon and ligament injury in the population, with the specific C allele being one of the adverse factors for knee injury. Some studies suggest that VEGFA rs699947 and VEGFA rs1570360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament rupture is nearly doubled in individuals with the rs699947 CC genotype compared to the control group. Our analysis did not find any significant relationship between VEGFA gene polymorphisms (rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963) and the chance of tendon and ligament injury without consideration of race. However, the European population reveals that the CC genotype of VEGFA rs699947 can result in a greater risk of tendon and ligament injury, whereas the AG genotype for rs1570360 provides some protection. Additionally, rs2010963 was significantly associated with tendon and ligament injury; individuals with the C allele and the CC genotype had higher risk. False-positive report probability confirmed the high credibility of our results.

Conclusion

Overall, this study found no significant association between VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 polymorphisms and the risk of tendon ligament injury. However, in subgroup analysis, some genotypes of VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 were found to increase the risk of tendon ligament injury in European populations.
Management of penetrating cardiac injury and tricuspid regurgitation with extracorporeal-membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a case report
Authors: Karavas Alexandros N. , Olia Keeyon , Scantling Dane , Nudel Jacob , Kriegel Jacob , Edwards Niloo M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Gunshot wounds (GSW) to the heart are lethal, and most patients die before they arrive to the hospital. Survival decreases with number of cardiac chambers involved. We report a case of a 17-year-old male who survived a GSW injury involving two cardiac chambers with acute severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) who subsequently developed cardiogenic shock requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

Case Presentation

A 17-year-old male sustained a single gunshot wound to the left chest, resulting in pericardial tamponade and right hemothorax. Emergency sternotomy revealed injury to the right ventricle and inferior cavoatrial junction with the adjacent pericardium contributing to a right hemothorax. The cardiac injuries were repaired primarily. Tricuspid regurgitation was confirmed immediately postoperatively. Five days after presentation, the patient developed cardiogenic shock secondary to TR requiring emergent stabilization with ECMO. He subsequently underwent successful tricuspid valve replacement.

Conclusions

This is the first report to our knowledge of successful ECMO support of severe TR due to gunshot injury to the heart.
Progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7) mediate the anti-apoptotic effect of P4 on human granulosa cells and its deficiency reduces ovarian function in female mice
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Yiting , He Jinxia , Wu Zixuan , Wang Fang , Huang Jian , Zheng Liping , Luo Tao
Published: February 2024

Purpose

PAQR7 plays a key role in cell apoptosis as a progesterone membrane receptor. The physiological mechanism of PAQR7 in ovarian function and its anti-apoptotic action in mammals remain poorly understood.

Methods

We first added 0.2 µM aminoglutethimide (AG), an inhibitor of endogenous progesterone (P4) secretion, and transfected siPAQR7 co-incubated with P4 in human KGN cells to identify granulosa cell apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, we used Paqr7 knockout (PAQR7 KO) mice to assess the role of PAQR7 in the ovary.

Results

The PAQR7 deficiency significantly increased apoptosis of KGN cells, and this significant difference disappeared following P4 supplementation. The Paqr7−/− female mice showed a prolonged estrous cycle, reduced follicular growth, increased the number of atresia follicles, and decreased the concentrations of E2 and AMH. The litters, litter sizes, and spontaneous ovulation in the Paqr7−/− mice were significantly decreased compared with the Paqr7+/+ mice. In addition, we also found low expression of PAQR7 in GCs from human follicular fluids of patients diagnosed with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) and ovaries of mice with a DOR-like phenotype, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study has identified that PAQR7 is involved in mouse ovarian function and fertilization potential. One possible mechanism is mediating the anti-apoptotic effect of P4 on GC apoptosis via the BCL-2/BAX/CASPASE-3 signaling pathway. The mechanism underlying the effect of PAQR7 on ovarian development and aging remains to be identified.
Effects of plyometric jump training on measures of physical fitness and lower-limb asymmetries in prepubertal male soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sammoud Senda , Negra Yassine , Bouguezzi Raja , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Moran Jason , Bishop Chris , Chaabene Helmi
Published: February 2024

Background

High level of physical fitness is a paramount soccer performance factor. As such, developing key components of physical fitness such as sprinting, jumping, and change of direction (CoD) at an early age empowers both short- and long-term performance success. Although previous research in prepubertal male soccer players has reported physical fitness performance enhancements following plyometric jump training (PJT), the effects on inter-limb asymmetries remain unclear.

Objective

To assess the effects of PJT on measures of physical fitness and inter-limb asymmetries in prepubertal male soccer players.

Methods

A total of 27 participants were recruited, and randomly assigned to either a PJT group (n = 13; age = 12.7 ± 0.2 years; maturity offset = -1.6 ± 0.7) or an active control group (CG) (n = 14; age = 11.8 ± 0.4 years; maturity offset = -2.51 ± 0.61). The training intervention lasted eight-week and was conducted during the in-season period, with twice-weekly sessions. Physical fitness tests were conducted before and after the intervention, including the 505 change-of-direction (CoD; [505 CoD test]), countermovement-jump (CMJ) height, standing-long-jump (SLJ) distance, and single-leg hop test for distance with dominant (SHTD-D) and non-dominant legs (SHTD-ND). A jump-based asymmetry score was calculated as the difference between HTD and HTND.

Results

ANCOVA analysis revealed significant between-group differences in all physical fitness measures at post-test. Specifically, the PJT group showed significant large improvements in CMJ height, SLJ distance, HTD and HTND, and CoD speed (d = 0.84 to 2.00; ∆1.05% to 16.85%). Moreover, the PJT group showed a significant, small reduction in the inter-limb asymmetry score (d = 0.43; ∆-45.21%). In contrast, no significant changes were reported in the CG between pre-and post-tests (d = 0.07 to 0.24; ∆0.21% to 0.98%).

Conclusions

The incorporation of PJT into the training schedules of prepubertal male soccer players resulted in positive effects on various measures of physical fitness. Furthermore, our findings suggest that PJT can reduce lower-limb asymmetry, which could potentially decrease the risk of lower limb injuries.

Trial registration

This study does not report results related to healthcare interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.
Lumbar clear cell meningioma mimicking schwannoma 7 years after resection of the same type of intracranial tumor: a case report
Authors: Horikawa Tomoyuki , Nozawa Satoshi , Suzui Natsuko , Yamada Kazunari , Iwai Chizuo , Akiyama Haruhiko
Published: February 2024

Background

Meningioma is the second most common intradural extramedullary tumor, following schwannoma. Meningioma is primarily categorized as benign World Health Organization grade 1, but clear cell meningioma is grade 2 of the intermediate malignant category. Clear cell meningiomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all meningioma tumors. There is no previous report of multiple intraspinal clear cell meningiomas without dural attachment.

Case presentation

A 27-year-old Asian male patient presented with lower right extremity pain, and had undergone tumor resection for intracranial clear cell meningioma 7 years previously, with re-resection and radiotherapy for local tumor recurrence at our hospital’s department of neurosurgery being carried out 4 years previously. No recurrence was observed since then. Preoperative lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed two tumors at the L1 and L4 levels, both mimicking schwannoma with well-defined margins, no dural tail sign and homogeneous internal contrast. Intraoperative findings on tumor resection showed two tumors contiguous with the right L2 and L5 roots, which were not attached to the dura mater, similar to a schwannoma. After gross total resection, the postoperative pathology revealed no nuclear SMARCE1 antibody staining. The patient was diagnosed with clear cell meningioma. The patient’s postoperative course went well, with no symptoms of nerve dropout and no recurrence 2 years after surgery. In this case, both lumbar lesions were well demarcated and spherical in shape, occurring with single roots. Tumor characteristics suggested a primary rather than a metastatic lesion. Clear cell meningioma is characterized by a SMARCE1 mutation and is different from other types of meningiomas.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple intraspinal clear cell meningiomas without dural attachment at the lumbar spine after resection of intracranial clear cell meningioma. We speculate that the two tumors were de novo lesions on the basis of the features of the tumors, although they were detected 7 years after the resection of intracranial clear cell meningioma.
Co-Packaged PARP inhibitor and photosensitizer for targeted photo-chemotherapy of 3D ovarian cancer spheroids
Authors: Sorrin Aaron , Dasgupta Anika , McNaughton Kathryn , Arnau Del Valle Carla , Zhou Keri , Liu Cindy , Roque Dana M. , Huang Huang Chiao
Published: February 2024

Background

Within the last decade, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged in the clinic as an effective treatment for numerous malignancies. Preclinical data have demonstrated powerful combination effects of PARPi paired with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves light-activation of specialized dyes (photosensitizers) to stimulate cancer cell death through reactive oxygen species generation.

Results

In this report, the most potent clinical PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, is loaded into the core of a polymeric nanoparticle (NP-Tal), which is interfaced with antibody-photosensitizer conjugates (photoimmunoconjugates, PICs) to form PIC-NP-Tal. In parallel, a new 3D fluorescent coculture model is developed using the parental OVCAR-8-DsRed2 and the chemo-resistant subline, NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP. This model enables quantification of trends in the evolutionary dynamics of acquired chemoresistance in response to various treatment regimes. Results reveal that at a low dosage (0.01 μM), NP-Tal kills the parental cells while sparing the chemo-resistant subline, thereby driving chemoresistance. Next, PIC-NP-Tal and relevant controls are evaluated in the 3D coculture model at multiple irradiation doses to characterize effects on total spheroid ablation and relative changes in parental and subline cell population dynamics. Total spheroid ablation data shows potent combination effects when PIC and NP-Tal are co-administered, but decreased efficacy with the conjugated formulation (PIC-NP-Tal). Analysis of cell population dynamics reveals that PIC, BPD + NP-Tal, PIC + NP-Tal, and PIC-NP-Tal demonstrate selection pressures towards chemoresistance.

Conclusions

This study provides key insights into manufacturing parameters for PARPi-loaded nanoparticles, as well as the potential role of PDT-based combination therapies in the context of acquired drug resistance.
Protocol for spatial prediction of soil transmitted helminth prevalence in the Western Pacific region using a meta-analytical approach
Authors: Gilmour Beth , Wangdi Kingley , Restrepo Angela Cadavid , Tsheten Tsheten , Kelly Matthew , Clements Archie , Gray Darren , Lau Colleen , Espino Fe Esperanza , Daga Chona , Mapalo Vanessa , Vaz Nery Susana , Bartlett Adam , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Alene Kefyalew Addis
Published: February 2024

Background

Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections are estimated to impact 24% of the world’s population and are responsible for chronic and debilitating morbidity. Disadvantaged communities are among the worst affected and are further marginalized as infection prevalence fuels the poverty cycle. Ambitious targets have been set to eliminate STH infections, but accurate epidemiological data will be required to inform appropriate interventions. This paper details the protocol for an analysis that aims to produce spatial prediction mapping of STH prevalence in the Western Pacific Region (WPR).

Methods

The protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The study design will combine the principles of systematic review, meta-analysis, and geospatial analysis. Systematic searches will be undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, and Web of Science for studies undertaken post 2000, to identify surveys that enable the prevalence of human STH infection within the WPR to be calculated. Covariate data for multivariable analysis will be obtained from publicly accessible sources. Survey data will be geolocated, and STH prevalence and covariates will be linked to produce a spatially referenced dataset for analysis. Bayesian model-based geostatistics will be used to generate spatially continuous estimates of STH prevalence mapped to a resolution of 1 km2. A separate geospatial model will be constructed for each STH species. Predictions of prevalence will be made for unsampled locations and maps will be overlaid for each STH species to obtain co-endemicity maps.

Discussion

This protocol facilitates study replication and may be applied to other infectious diseases or alternate geographies. Results of the subsequent analysis will identify geographies with high STH prevalence’s and can be used to inform resource allocation in combating this neglected tropical disease.

Trial registration

Open Science Framework: osf.io/qmxcj.