bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey across orbital lymphoma in Poland: Multicenter retrospective study of polish lymphoma research group (PLRG)
Authors: Kalicińska Elżbieta , Giza Agnieszka , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Giebel Sebastian , Zimowska‐Curyło Dagmara , Andrasiak Iga , Spychałowicz Wojciech , Wojnar Jerzy , Balcerzak Andrzej , Romejko‐Jarosińska Joanna , Paszkiewicz‐Kozik Ewa , Knopińska‐Posłuszny Wanda , Rybka Justyna , Jabłonowska Paula , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of histopathological subtypes, the clinical stage at presentation and treatment modalities in Polish patients with orbital lymphoma (OL) and to determine prognostic outcomes.

Methods

The retrospective study of 107 patients with OL treated in a 14‐year period in Polish hematological centers. The analysis included histopathological subtype, disease clinical advancement, treatment modalities, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

The median patient age was 60 years (range 51–71). Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma accounted for slightly more than half of all cases of orbital lymphoma (51%). The second most common subtype was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (29%). Primary orbital lymphoma was diagnosed in 48% of all patients. According to the Ann Arbor, localized stage IE of orbital lymphoma was diagnosed only in 39% of all patients. Systemic involvement was observed in more than half of all patients (52%). The median follow‐up period was 30 months (range 0–160 months). Patients with non‐MALT lymphoma had a significantly inferior PFS compared to patients with MALT lymphoma, (p = 0.047). Patients with primary orbital lymphoma had a superior PFS compared to patients with secondary orbital lymphoma [median PFS 104.5 months vs. 33.4 months], (p = 0.069).

Younger patients with MALT lymphoma were characterized by superior PFS (median PFS not reached) compared to other studied subgroups of patients (older patients with MALT lymphoma, younger and older non‐MALT lymphoma patients) with a median PFS of 30.5, 32.2, 32.6 months respectively (p = 0.039). Patients treated with chemotherapy alone had inferior PFS compared to patients treated with combined therapies (p = 0.034). The median PFS across patients who received chemotherapy alone was 23.7 months, whereas across other patients was 73.9 months.

Conclusions

Secondary lymphoma accounts for more than half of the orbital lymphoma in Polish population. The advanced clinical stage of the disease (non‐IE according to Ann Arbor) concerns two‐thirds of the overall population of patients with orbital lymphomas and one‐third of MALT lymphoma patients. The high incidence of advanced stages of orbital lymphoma may indicate the need for combined treatment. Combined orbital lymphoma treatment is associated with superior PFS compared to chemotherapy alone in overall population of patients with orbital lymphoma.
Illuminating Sub‐Cellular Organelles by Small Molecule AIEgens
Authors: Ingle Jaypalsing , Sengupta Poulomi , Basu Sudipta
Published: September 2022

Sub‐cellular organelles play a critical role in a myriad biological phenomena. Consequently, organelle structures and functions are invariably highjacked in diverse diseases including metabolic disorders, aging, and cancer. Hence, illuminating organelle dynamics is crucial in understanding the diseased states as well as developing organelle‐targeted next generation therapeutics. In this review, we outline the novel small molecules which show remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties due to restriction in intramolecular motion (RIM). We outline the examples of small molecules developed to image organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes, nucleus, cell membrane and lipid droplets. These AIEgens have tremendous potential for next‐generation phototherapy.
Enaminone Formation Drives the Coupling of Biosynthetic Pathways to Generate Cyclic Lipopeptides
Authors: Candra Hartono , Ma Guang‐Lei , En Sean Lee Qiu , Liang Zhao‐Xun
Published: September 2022

A family of novel cyclic lipopeptides named tasikamides A−H (Tsk A−H) were discovered recently in Streptomyces tasikensis P46. Aside from the unique cyclic pentapeptide scaffold shared by the tasikamides, Tsk A−C contain a hydrazone bridge that connects the cyclic pentapeptide to the lipophilic alkyl 5‐hydroxylanthranilate (AHA) moiety. Here we report the production of tasikamides I−K (Tsk I−K) by a mutant strain of S. tasikensis P46 that overexpresses two pathway‐specific transcription regulators. Unlike Tsk A−C, Tsk I−K feature a rare enaminone‐bridge that links the cyclic peptide scaffold to the AHA moiety. Our experimental data suggest that Tsk I−K are generated by the coupling of two biosynthetic pathways via a nonenzymatic condensation reaction between an arylamine and a β‐keto aldehyde‐containing precursor. The results underscore the nucleophilic and electrophilic reactivity of the β‐keto aldehyde moiety and its ability to promote fragment coupling reactions in live microbial cells.
Holistic Analysis of the Tribological Interfaces of an Axial Piston Pump – Focusing on the Pump Efficiency
Authors: Shorbagy Ahmed , Ivantysyn Roman , Weber Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Research work performed on an axial piston pump is shown in a holistic manner, analyzing each lubricating interface by linking their gap height and temperature behavior to the overall pump efficiency. The temperature field and dynamic fluid film height were measured in two of the three lubricating interfaces. This is the first time that the temperature fields and gap heights were simultaneously measured in two of the main three interfaces of an axial piston machine. For a deeper analysis of the measurement data, all gaps were simulated with a numerical tool which takes solid body deformation due to temperature and pressure loads into account. This unique combination of both extensive measurement data and sophisticated simulation resulted in novel trends that clarify the complex phenomena occurring in these hydrostatic fluid films.
Binding of Glycans to the SARS CoV‐2 Spike Protein, an Open Question: NMR Data on Binding Site Localization, Affinity, and Selectivity
Authors: Maass Thorben , Ssebyatika George , Brückner Marlene , Breckwoldt Lea , Krey Thomas , Mallagaray Alvaro , Peters Thomas , Frank Martin , Creutznacher Robert
Published: September 2022

We have used NMR experiments to explore the binding of selected glycans and glycomimetics to the SARS CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein (S‐protein) and to its receptor binding domain (RBD). STD NMR experiments confirm the binding of sialoglycans to the S‐protein of the prototypic Wuhan strain virus and yield dissociation constants in the millimolar range. The absence of STD effects for sialoglycans in the presence of the Omicron/BA.1 S‐protein reflects a loss of binding as a result of S‐protein evolution. Likewise, no STD effects are observed for the deletion mutant Δ143–145 of the Wuhan S‐protein, thus supporting localization of the binding site in the N‐terminal domain (NTD). The glycomimetics Oseltamivir and Zanamivir bind weakly to the S‐protein of both virus strains. Binding of blood group antigens to the Wuhan S‐protein cannot be confirmed by STD NMR. Using 1H,15N TROSY HSQC‐based chemical shift perturbation (CSP) experiments, we excluded binding of any of the ligands studied to the RBD of the Wuhan S‐protein. Our results put reported data on glycan binding into perspective and shed new light on the potential role of glycan‐binding to the S‐protein.
Emergence of Spinmerism for Molecular Spin‐Qubits Generation**
Authors: Roseiro Pablo , Petit Louis , Robert Vincent , Yalouz Saad
Published: September 2022

Molecular platforms are regarded as promising candidates in the generation of units of information for quantum computing. Herein, a strategy combining spin‐crossover metal ions and radical ligands is proposed from a model Hamiltonian first restricted to exchange interactions. Unusual spin states structures emerge from the linkage of a singlet/triplet commutable metal centre with two doublet‐radical ligands. The ground state nature is modulated by charge transfers and can exhibit a mixture of triplet and singlet local metal spin states. Besides, the superposition reaches a maximum for, suggesting a necessary competition between the intramolecularand inter‐metal‐ligandanddirect exchange interactions. The results promotespinmerism, an original manifestation of quantum entanglement between the spin states of a metal centre and radical ligands. The study provides insights into spin‐coupled compounds and inspiration for the development of molecular spin‐qubits.
Mechanism of the Early Catalytic Events in the Collagenolysis by Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1
Authors: Waheed Sodiq O. , Varghese Ann , DiCastri Isabella , Kaski Brenden , LaRouche Ciara , Fields Gregg B. , Karabencheva‐Christova Tatyana G.
Published: September 2022

Metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) catalyzed collagen degradation is essential for a wide variety of normal physiological processes, while at the same time contributing to several diseases in humans. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of this process is of great importance. Although crystallographic and spectroscopic studies provided fundamental information about the structure and function of MMP‐1, the precise mechanism of collagen degradation especially considering the complex and flexible structure of the substrate, remains poorly understood. In addition, how the protein environment dynamically reorganizes at the atomic scale into a catalytically active state capable of collagen hydrolysis remains unknown. In this study, we applied experimentally‐guided multiscale molecular modeling methods including classical molecular dynamics (MD), well‐tempered (WT) classical metadynamics (MetD), combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) MD and QM/MM MetD simulations to explore and characterize the early catalytic events of MMP‐1 collagenolysis. Importantly the study provided a complete atomic and dynamic description of the transition from the open to the closed form of the MMP‐1•THP complex. Notably, the formation of catalytically active Michaelis complex competent for collagen cleavage was characterized. The study identified the changes in the coordination state of the catalytic zinc(II) associated with the conformational transformation and the formation of catalytically productive ES complex. Our results confirm the essential role of the MMP‐1 catalytic domain's α‐helices (hA, hB and hC) and the linker region in the transition to the catalytically competent ES complex. Overall, the results provide unique mechanistic insight into the conformational transformations and associated changes in the coordination state of the catalytic zinc(II) that would be important for the design of effective MMP‐1 inhibitors.
Dilute Hybrid Electrolyte for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Yifei , Zhang Yan , Xu Zhao , Gou Wenshan , Han Xuguang , Liu Mengmeng , Li Chang Ming
Published: September 2022

A hybrid electrolyte based on low‐concentration sodium nitrate with glycerol as an additive was proposed for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) towards low‐temperature performance. Based on this dilute hybrid electrolyte and configured by bimetallic Prussian blue analogue (Ni2ZnHCF) cathode and 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) anode, the full cell demonstrated surprising cycle performance with a specific capacity of 60 mAh g−1 (>800 cycles) and achieved prominent performance at low temperature. Glycerol effectively expanded the electrochemical stability window of the hybrid electrolyte to 2.7 V from formation of strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules and realized the operation of the cell at low temperature, delivering a stable reversible capacity of 40 mAh g−1 at −10 °C. The hybrid electrolyte of glycerol‐water provides a new alternative in development of low‐cost, long‐lifespan, and low‐temperature ASIBs and other aqueous battery systems.
Core‐Shell Nano‐Cobalt Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of N‐Heteroarenes with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Chen Sanxia , Xue Wenxuan , Tang Conghui
Published: September 2022

An easily prepared core‐shell heterogeneous nanocobalt catalyst was reported, which could achieve selective reduction of N‐heteroarenes with ammonia borane under mild conditions and ambient atmosphere. Various quinoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, isoquinoline, acridine, and phenanthroline derivatives were hydrogenated with high selectivity and efficiency. Notably, substrates bearing sensitive functional groups under molecular hydrogen reduction conditions, such as cyano, ester, and halogens were well tolerated by the catalytic system. Moreover, with our novel method several bioactive molecules were prepared. Also, this catalyst could be applied in the liquid organic hydrogen storage system by reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of heteroarene in high efficiencies.
Finding ‘pockets of possibility’ for anti‐racism in a curriculum for student teachers: From absence to action
Authors: Smith Heather , Lander Vini
Published: September 2022

Many institutions have found the strength to name racism and seek space for curriculum and other systemic changes. We argue this is happening against a backdrop of curriculum, regulatory and policy changes in education, and particularly initial teacher education and training (ITE/T), which are de‐racialised. We propose that a ‘pocket of possibility’ lies within such divergences, and present research leading to the creation of an anti‐racism framework for ITE/T to support action against this emergent landscape. The paper documents each aspect of the research and snapshots of the findings of a global literature review of anti‐racism in initial teacher education, which demonstrated the need for an embedded approach to anti‐racism, informed by critical understandings of whiteness and racism. We share some of the complexities, obstacles, and effective anti‐racism practices revealed in the review. The findings of the review led to the creation and analysis of a survey for ITE/T providers in England, which provided encouraging evidence of useful practice alongside needs of the profession. We conclude with a statement of intent and hope to maximise of the minimum entitlement of the Core Content Framework (CCF) by a purposeful undoing of the perpetual de‐racialisation of education.
CD69flow cytometry to complement interferon‐γrelease assay for active tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Yoonjung , Han Man‐Hoon , Kim Shin‐Woo , Won Dong Il
Published: September 2022

Background

The interferon‐γ(IFN‐γ) release assay (IGRA) is widely used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). However, indeterminate IGRA results due to “high Nil” or “low PHA” responses limit its clinical utility. We developed a novel assay using CD69 flow cytometry (FC) to complement IGRA.

Methods

CD69 FC measures the surface CD69 expression on T cells prior to centrifugation to harvest the plasma for IGRA. T cell responses against Mtb antigen 1 (Ag1) or Ag2 were measured using three‐color FC (CD3, CD4, and CD69) in TB (n = 140) and non‐TB groups (n = 117). The cutoff values of Δ%CD69brightcells (stimulated minus unstimulated) for CD4+and CD4−T cells were established based on healthy individuals (n = 63). The assay performances of CD69 FC and IGRA were compared.

Results

In subjects with determinate IGRA results (“positive” or “negative”; n = 216), the diagnostic accuracies of CD69 FC (90.3%) and IGRA (87.0%) were not significantly different (p = 0.31). For indeterminate IGRA results (n = 40), CD69 FC attained a diagnostic accuracy of 92.5%. The CD4+/CD4−ratio within CD69brightT cells measured by CD69 FC was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the active TB group (6.39 ± 132.05; n = 72) than in other CD69 FC‐positive subjects (2.84 ± 15.36; n = 63) (p < 0.05), whereas CD8 responses expected by IGRA (difference of IFN‐γlevels between Mtb Ag tubes) did not differ significantly (0.00 ± 9.18 and 0.00 ± 4.25, respectively, IU/ml;p = 0.58).

Conclusions

We demonstrated the potential of CD69 FC as a simple, rapid assay for clarifying indeterminate IGRA results and identifying active TB. With further improvements, CD69 FC may complement the IGRA to enhance TB risk stratification in the routine diagnostic workup.
Dibenziodolium Salts as Halogen Bond Donor Catalysts for the Reduction of Quinolines, One‐Pot Reductive Amination, and Addition Reaction with Indoles
Authors: Nandy Anuradha , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: September 2022

The efficiency of dibenziodolium salts as halogen bond donor catalysts was investigated by studying various organic transformations. Diverse reactions were carried out with low catalytic loading and under mild conditions. The catalyst was found to be efficient for carrying out the reduction of quinolines, one‐pot reductive amination, Michael addition reaction of indoles with chalcones, and Friedel‐Crafts reaction of indoles with isatin with a low catalytic loading of 3 mol %. A wide substrate scope was attempted for all the transformations. Several control experiments were carried to rule out the possibility of hidden Brønsted acid catalysis. NMR studies and preliminary DFT calculations suggest the presence of halogen bond between the catalyst and the substrate.
Experimental investigation of an indirect‐type solar cooker for indoor cooking based on a parabolic dish collector
Authors: Dhiman Abhishek , Sachdeva Gulshan
Published: September 2022

In the present research article, an indirect type solar cooking system has been developed for indoor cooking. In the proposed cooking system, a cooking pot has been placed at a distance of 5 m from the parabolic dish collector, and the heat has been transmitted from the collector to the cooking pot by means of heat transfer fluid. A gear pump of 40 W and insulated pipes have been used to circulate the fluid. A number of experiments have been performed to analyze the performance of the cooking system. During the investigation, the system achieved the temperature of the heat transfer fluid up to 175°C. The time taken for cooking the rice and the black grams has been observed 21 and 68min, respectively. The average thermal efficiency of the proposed system for the entire day has been achieved at 13.11%.
The axisymmetric flow of an MHD Powell–Eyring fluid with viscous dissipation and Newtonian heating condition: Keller‐box method
Authors: Jayalakshmi P. , Gangadhar K. , Obulesu M. , Madhu Mohan Reddy P.
Published: September 2022

A special investigation on the heat transfer by applying viscous dissipation and considering the Newtonian heating condition in magnetohydrodynamic Powell–Eyring fluid has been attempted. It is regarded as the flow in an axisymmetrical direction over a radially stretching surface. The converted governing system of equations is solved to obtain a closed‐form solution using the Keller‐box technique. The skin‐friction coefficient's influence fully developed local Nusselt number is then presented graphically, and temperature profiles are sorted out for the pertinent parameters. The fluid overshoot towards the plate surface with rising magnetic field strength, hence, both the fluid velocity and the hydrodynamic border line layer thickness will fall, though, the skin‐friction coefficient will increase. Various relevant results of the energy indulgence have been discussed from heating and in view of viscous dissipation phenomena. The decision with minimal cases from previous studies in the literature received confirmation of the findings.
Environmental regulations and firm‐level FDI: Evidence from China's 11th 5‐year plan
Authors: Tan Yong , Shi Qing , Xuan Siyuan , Yang Guang
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the influence of environmental regulations on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). We first develop a simple model to show that an increase in emission tax in the domestic market induces firm‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) activities. We next take advantage of China's 11th Five‐Year Plan as a quasi‐natural experiment, which imposed different pollution reduction targets across provinces, and examine its impact on firm‐level FDI activities. Our results indicate that more stringent environmental regulations encourage firm‐level FDI participation. Furthermore, (1) firms are more likely to carry out FDI in developing countries instead of developed ones; (2) Compared with distribution‐oriented FDI, firms are more likely to engage in production‐oriented FDI. All results remain robust after controlling for possible policy endogeneity, missing variables, and expectation effect issues, which provides positive support for the pollution haven hypothesis.
The impact of China's Differential Electricity Pricing policy on fossil fuel consumption
Authors: Zhao Lin
Published: September 2022

China, the world's largest energy consumer, has been increasingly relying on pricing policies to improve energy efficiency in recent years. This paper estimates the impact of Differential Electricity Pricing (DEP) policy, which covers the most energy‐intensive industries in China. Under the DEP policy, electricity surcharges are imposed on enterprises using “eliminated” and “restricted” production technologies, of which the “eliminated” enterprises are more backward in technology level and are charged much higher electricity tariffs. We exploit a differences‐in‐differences approach to assess the effect of the DEP policy on fossil fuel consumption. The results indicate that the DEP policy led to a reduction in coal consumption intensity (CCI) of “eliminated” enterprises, which can be explained by the obsoleting of backward equipment in these enterprises. As for the “restricted” enterprises, it was economically optimal to continue to use “restricted” equipment; consequently, the DEP policy had no significant impact on CCI.
Lycoperoside H protects against diabetic nephropathy via alteration of gut microbiota and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Li Qianyu , Liu Feng , Wang Dayu
Published: September 2022

It is well known that hyperglycemia leads to the progression and expansion of various micro and macrovascular disease such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lycoperoside H (LH) alkaloidal saponin exhibited the antidiabetic effect, but its DN effect is unclear. In this experimental study, we scrutinized the renal protective effect of LH against the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DN in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this experimental study and an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) was used for the induction of diabetes, rats received the oral administration of LH (20 mg/kg). The blood glucose level, body weight, organ weight (renal and pancreas), and biochemical parameters were estimated. We also scrutinized the effect of LH to enhance intestinal barrier function and suppress inflammation and intestinal permeability. LH significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the glucose level and enhanced the body weight with a reduction of renal weight and boost the pancreas weight. LH significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced the creatinine level and decreased the albumin level, urine volume, urinary albumin excretion rate, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in the urine. It also suppressed the renal parameters, such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urea. LH significantly (p < 0.001) altered the level of lipid and antioxidant parameters. LH treatment significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the cytokines and inflammatory parameters. LH considerably enhanced the Ruminococcaceae, Blautia, and suppressed the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Turicibacter. It reduced the F/B ratio along with alteration of community abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, other bacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The current result suggests that LH suppressed the diabetic nephropathological condition via alteration of gut microbiota and inflammation.
Distinct co‐occurrence patterns of acculturation and perceived context of reception between weekdays and weekends among Hispanic college students
Authors: Lee Tae Kyoung , Meca Alan , Schwartz Seth J. , Cobb Cory L. , Song Hana , Duque Maria , Stuart Jaimee , Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The present study was designed to examine distinct co‐occurrence patterns of acculturation and perceived context of reception between weekdays and weekends among Hispanic college students in Miami and their influences on psychosocial maladaptation.

Methods

We conducted a 12‐day diary study with a sample of first‐ and second‐generation Hispanic college students in Miami (n = 864). Depressive symptoms and physically aggressive behaviors were assessed on Days 1 and 12, and acculturation components and perceived negative context of reception were measured using single items on Days 2–11. We examined the overlap between weekday and weekend patterns of acculturation and negative context of reception, as well as links of this overlap with depressive symptoms and with physically aggressive behaviors.

Results

Overall, six distinct co‐occurrence patterns of acculturation and perceived contexts of reception emerged from the analysis. Four of these appeared to represent stable co‐occurrence patterns regardless of weekdays and weekends and two indicated changing co‐occurrence patterns between weekdays and weekends. Students in patterns of the Moderate Biculturalism–High Negative Context of Reception regardless of weekdays and weekends reported high depressive symptoms and physically aggressive behaviors. Also, for the two changing co‐occurrence patterns, students in patterns of the Changes in both Acculturation and Negative Context of Reception between weekdays and weekends reported high scores on both depressive symptoms and physical aggressive behaviors.

Conclusion

Both stable and changing patterns in acculturation and context of reception co‐occurrences between weekdays and weekends predicted psychosocial maladaptation.
Influence of vanadium addition on corrosion behavior of high‐energy ball milled aluminum alloy 2024
Authors: Ozdemir Furkan , Gupta Rajeev K.
Published: September 2022

The effect of V addition on the hardness and corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024 (AA2024) produced by high‐energy ball milling has been investigated. High‐energy ball milled alloys exhibited enhanced solid solubility of alloying elements and ultrafine grains. The addition of V improved the corrosion resistance of the AA2024 alloy, which was attributed to the deposition of V on the cathodic particles and therefore decrease in their ability to sustain large cathodic currents.
Lentiviral vector transduction provides nonspecific immunogenicity for syngeneic tumor models
Authors: Bhuniya Avishek , Pattarayan Dhamotharan , Yang Da
Published: September 2022

Lentivirus‐based transduction systems are widely used in biological science and cancer biology, including cancer immunotherapy. However, in in vivo transplanted tumor model, the immunogenicity of these transduced cells was not appropriately addressed. Here, we used empty vector‐transduced mouse melanoma (B16) and carcinoma (lewis lung carcinoma) cells transplanted tumor model to study the immune response due to the transduction processes. We showed that the overall in vivo tumor growth rate gets reduced in transduced cells only in immune‐competent mice but not in nude mice. This data indicate the involvement of the immune system in the in vivo tumor growth restriction in the transduced group. Further studies showed that specific activation of CD8+ T cells might be responsible for restricted tumor growth. Mechanistically, transduced tumor cells show the higher activity of type I interferon, which might play an essential role in this activation. Overall, our data indicate the modulation of the immune system by lentiviral vector transduced tumor cells, which required further studies to explore the mechanisms and better understand the biological significance. Our data also indicate the importance of considering the immunogenicity of transduced cells when analyzing in vivo results, especially in studies related to immunotherapy.
Massive‐scale genomic analysis reveals SARS‐CoV‐2 mutation characteristics and evolutionary trends
Authors: Sun Yamin , Wang Min , Lin Wenchao , Dong Wei , Xu Jianguo
Published: September 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic resulted in significant societal costs. Hence, an in‐depth understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus mutation and its evolution will help determine the direction of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this study, we identified 296,728 de novo mutations in more than 2,800,000 high‐quality SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes. All possible factors affecting the mutation frequency of SARS‐CoV‐2 in human hosts were analyzed, including zinc finger antiviral proteins, sequence context, amino acid change, and translation efficiency. As a result, we proposed that when adenine (A) and tyrosine (T) bases are in the context of AM (M stands for adenine or cytosine) or TA motif, A or T base has lower mutation frequency. Furthermore, we hypothesized that translation efficiency can affect the mutation frequency of the third position of the codon by the selection, which explains why SARS‐CoV‐2 prefers AT3 codons usage. In addition, we found a host‐specific asymmetric dinucleotide mutation frequency in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome, which provides a new basis for determining the origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2. Finally, we summarize all possible factors affecting mutation frequency and provide insights into the mutation characteristics and evolutionary trends of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Regularity of the semigroups associated with some damped coupled elastic systems II: A nondegenerate fractional damping case
Authors: Ammari Kaïs , Shel Farhat , Tebou Louis
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we examine regularity issues for two damped abstract elastic systems; the damping and coupling involve fractional powers
of the principal operators, with
. The matrix defining the coupling and damping is nondegenerate. This new work is a sequel to the degenerate case that we discussed recently. First, we prove that for
, the underlying semigroup is analytic. Next, we show that for
, the semigroup is of certain Gevrey classes. Finally, some examples of application are provided.
Detection of laser‐associated heating in the brain during simultaneous fMRI and optogenetic stimulation
Authors: Luo Huiwen , Yang Zhangyan , Yang Pai‐Feng , Wang Feng , Reed Jamie L. , Gore John C. , Grissom William A. , Chen Li Min
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To calculate temperatures from T2*‐weighted images collected during optogenetic fMRI based on proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift thermometry, to monitor confounding heating effects and determine appropriate light parameters for optogenetic stimulation.

Methods

fMRI is mainly based on long‐TE gradient‐recalled echo acquisitions that are also suitable for measuring small temperature changes via the PRF shift. A motion‐ and respiration‐robust processing pipeline was developed to calculate temperature changes based on the PRF shift directly from the T2*‐weighted images collected for fMRI with a two‐shot 2D gradient‐recalled echo‐EPI sequence at 9.4T. Optogenetic fMRI protocols which differed in stimulation durations (3, 6 and 9 s) within a total block duration of 30 s were applied in a squirrel monkey to validate the methods with blue and green light (20 Hz, 30 mW) delivery interleaved between periods. General linear modeling was performed on the resulting time series temperature maps to verify if light delivery with each protocol resulted in significant heating in the brain around the optical fiber.

Results

The temperature SD was 0.05°C with the proposed imaging protocol and processing. Statistical analysis showed that the optogenetic stimulation protocol with a 3 s stimulation duration did not result in significant temperature rises. Significant temperature rises up to 0.13°C (p < 0. 05) were observed with 6 and 9 s stimulation durations for blue and green light.

Conclusion

The proposed processing pipeline can be useful for the design of optogenetic stimulation protocols and for monitoring confounding heating effects.
Fetal 3D cardiovascular cine image acquisition using radial sampling and compressed sensing
Authors: Piek Marjolein , Ryd Daniel , Töger Johannes , Testud Frederik , Hedström Erik , Aletras Anthony H.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To explore a fetal 3D cardiovascular cine acquisition using a radial image acquisition and compressed‐sensing reconstruction and compare image quality and scan time with conventional multislice 2D imaging.

Methods

Volumetric fetal cardiac data were acquired in 26 volunteers using a radial 3D balanced SSFP pulse sequence. Cardiac gating was performed using a Doppler ultrasound device. Images were reconstructed using a parallel‐imaging and compressed‐sensing algorithm. Multiplanar reformatting to standard cardiac views was performed before image analysis. Clinical 2D images were used for comparison. Qualitative and quantitative image evaluation were performed by two experienced observers (scale: 1–4). Volumes, mass, and function were assessed.

Results

Average scan time for the 3D imaging was 6 min, including one localizer. A 2D imaging stack covering the entire heart including localizer sequences took at least 6.5 min, depending on planning complexity. The 3D acquisition was successful in 7 of 26 subjects (27%). Overall image contrast and perceived resolution were lower in the 3D images. Nonetheless, the 3D images had, on average, a moderate cardiac diagnostic quality (median [range]: 3 [1–4]). Standard clinical 2D acquisitions had a high cardiac diagnostic quality (median [range]: 4 [3, 4]). Cardiac measurements were not different between 2D and 3D images (allp > 0.16).

Conclusion

The presented free‐breathing whole‐heart fetal 3D radial cine MRI acquisition and reconstruction method enables retrospective visualization of all cardiac views while keeping examination times short. This proof‐of‐concept work produced images with diagnostic quality, while at the same time reducing the planning complexity to a single localizer.
Plasma metabolomic signatures of obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pan Xiong‐Fei , Chen Zsu‐Zsu , Wang Thomas J. , Shu Xiang , Cai Hui , Cai Qiuyin , Clish Clary B. , Shi Xu , Zheng Wei , Gerszten Robert E. , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Yu Danxia
Published: September 2022

Objective

The mechanisms linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify obesity‐related metabolomic signatures (MESs) and evaluated their relationships with incident T2D.

Methods

In a nested case‐control study of 2076 Chinese adults, 140 plasma metabolites were measured at baseline, linear regression was applied with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to identify MESs for BMI and waist circumference (WC), and conditional logistic regression was applied to examine their associations with T2D risk.

Results

A total of 32 metabolites associated with BMI or WC were identified and validated, among which 14 showed positive associations and 3 showed inverse associations with T2D; 8 and 18 metabolites were selected to build MESs for BMI and WC, respectively. Both MESs showed strong linear associations with T2D: odds ratio (95% CI) comparing extreme quartiles was 4.26 (2.00‐9.06) for BMI MES and 9.60 (4.22‐21.88) for WC MES (both p‐trend < 0.001). The MES‐T2D associations were particularly evident among individuals with normal WC: odds ratio (95% CI) reached 6.41 (4.11‐9.98) for BMI MES and 10.38 (6.36‐16.94) for WC MES. Adding MESs to traditional risk factors and plasma glucose improved C statistics from 0.79 to 0.83 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Multiple obesity‐related metabolites and MESs strongly associated with T2D in Chinese adults were identified.
Behavior of melt electrospinning/blowing for polypropylene fiber fabrication
Authors: Lim Jihwan , Choi Sejin , Kim Han Seong
Published: September 2022

The fabrication process of polymer fibers has been analyzed in various ways, and several studies have been conducted to develop new processes and optimize existing ones. Several studies have been conducted on the electrospinning process, which can easily fabricate nanofibers, and the development of materials manufactured through electrospinning has also been investigated. However, research on the nanofiber fabrication and processing of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, is relatively lacking. Therefore, research on nanofiber fabrication is essential. In this study, PP fibers were successfully manufactured through a melt electrospinning/blowing process, which combined melt blowing and electrospinning. To analyze the melt electrospinning/blowing process, the dynamic behavior of the spinning process was observed using a charge‐coupled device camera in real time, and the effects of the different spinning conditions were compared and analyzed. As the hot air or high voltage was increased, the spinning jet area tended to increase. In addition, the average diameter of the fabricated fibers tended to decrease as a high voltage was applied at a hot air pressure of 0.01 MPa; conversely, the average diameter tended to increase at a hot air pressure of 0.03 MPa. A similar trend was observed for the tensile stresses in the PP web fabrics. The polymer fibers produced by this melt electrospinning/blowing process can be applied as a production process for nanomembranes, filters and battery separators. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Automated imaging of duckweed growth and development
Authors: Cox Kevin L. , Manchego Jordan , Meyers Blake C. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Harkess Alex
Published: September 2022

Duckweeds are the smallest angiosperms, possessing a simple body architecture and highest rates of biomass accumulation. They can grow near‐exponentially via clonal propagation. Understanding their reproductive biology, growth, and development is essential to unlock their potential for phytoremediation, carbon capture, and nutrition. However, there is a lack of non‐laborious and convenient methods for spatially and temporally imaging an array of duckweed plants and growth conditions in the same experiment. We developed an automated microscopy approach to record time‐lapse images of duckweed plants growing in 12‐well cell culture plates. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, we grew duckweed on semi‐solid media with and without sucrose and monitored its effect on their growth over 3 days. Using the PlantCV toolkit, we quantified the thallus area of individual plantlets over time, and showed that L. minor grown on sucrose had an average growth rate four times higher than without sucrose. This method will serve as a blueprint to perform automated high‐throughput growth assays for studying the development patterns of duckweeds from different species, genotypes, and conditions.
Cibalackrot‐type compounds: Stable singlet fission materials with aromatic ground state and excited state
Authors: Zeng Weixuan , Szczepanik Dariusz W. , Bronstein Hugo
Published: September 2022

Singlet fission is a multiexciton generation process, where one singlet exciton is absorbed and two triplet excitons are produced. The potential of more efficient photovoltaic devices utilizing singlet fission materials has attracted wide interests for tuneable, stable organic chromophores with suitable excited‐state ordering. The strict energetic requirements hinder the exploration of novel organic materials, and most well‐known singlet fission materials, linear acenes, are considered to be unstable in their excited states. To solve the stability issue, excited‐state aromaticity provides a feasible research option, from which a few chromophores have been designed and studied. This review describes indolonaphthyridine (IND) derivative chromophores and discusses their ability to undergo singlet fission with superior ambient stability. Deepened theoretical analysis taking into account the excited‐state Hückel‐aromatic and diradical characters rationalizes the special properties of these chromophores. Moreover, the improved understanding of the aromatic character enables us to outline a feasible design strategy suitable for other scaffolds undergo singlet fission and excited‐state aromaticity. Hopefully, this review can light a fire on the way toward various novel singlet fission chromophores designed based on the excited‐state aromatic view.
Reintroduction of Buchanania barberi, a critically endangered tree endemic to the south Western Ghats of Kerala, India
Authors: Dhyani Anurag , Bindu Syamala , Abinlal Kavungulla Chalil , Anilkumar Chandran
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact Statement

India is credited with 2603 tree species, and the Global Tree Assessment confirmed that 469 of these species are threatened with extinction. Urgent restoration and conservation efforts are required to prevent the loss of tree diversity. The present study is the first published attempt to reintroduce Buchanania barberi, a Critically Endangered tree endemic to the south Western Ghats (UNESCO World Heritage Site) of Kerala, India, which has only two surviving mature individuals. The techniques and approaches applied here may provide guidance for implementing translocation programmes for this rare species and also for other International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Listed species of the genus globally.
Modeling statically indeterminate reinforced concrete slabs and beams under fire conditions
Authors: Bischof Patrick , Morf Urias , Bamonte Patrick , Kaufmann Walter
Published: September 2022

EN 1992‐1‐2 generally limits the redistribution of bending moments from the intermediate supports to the span for continuous reinforced concrete slabs and beams in fire conditions to 15%. While higher redistributions are allowed if sufficient rotation capacity is provided, EN 1992‐1‐2 does not indicate how to assess the rotation capacity. However, plastic hinges caused by the rotation demand under fire conditions are highly relevant when predicting the global response and structural safety of a structure (partially) exposed to fire. Rotation capacity is specifically necessary at support regions subjected to negative bending and fire, where concrete in compression undergoes thermal degradation while the tension chord remains close to ambient temperature. This article presents a comprehensive model for the behavior of statically indeterminate members in fire conditions, enabling to estimate whether sufficient rotation capacity is provided. Material properties specified by EN 1992‐1‐2 are applied combined with complementary considerations concerning (i) the biaxial compressive strength of concrete, (ii) strain hardening and limitations of the ultimate strain of reinforcement, as well as (iii) tension stiffening. Tension stiffening detrimentally influences the ductility of the tension chord, limiting the rotation capacity. When comparing predictions obtained by the model to experimental results given in the literature, the correlation is good for the investigated one‐way continuous slabs and beams. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the type of concrete aggregate used. Moreover, uncertainties concerning the behavior of concrete under compression and fire conditions are highly relevant for modeling the region of supports with rotational restraint.
ODDE and Gender
Authors: von Prümmer Christine
Published: September 2022

Gender and the concern with gender issues is important for open and distance education (ODE) which is associated with the provision of educational opportunities for minority groups. In countries and cultures the world over, including Western industrialized societies, girls and women are educationally disadvantaged compared to their male counterparts. This educational discrimination is especially prevalent in social minorities. Since 1982, with the start of the Women’s International Network WIN within the International Council for Open and Distance Education ICDE, women working in ODE have brought a feminist and gender perspective to their own situation and to that of women distance students. A manifestation of this was the proliferation of women’s/gender studies into ODE curricula. With the goal of equal access and conditions for women to succeed, women working in ODE researched and analyzed the cultural and social factors underlying the inequalities and identified ways for redressing gender imbalances. The paper discusses four areas of inequality and points out ways for the empowerment of women: (1) gender roles and the social division of labor, (2) learning environments, (3) access equity, and (4) course content and choice of subject. A focus on gendered access and use of technology highlights factors affecting women’s participation in e-learning and the way in which they use electronic communication for overcoming isolation, for networking, and for empowerment.
Macaulay matrix for Feynman integrals: linear relations and intersection numbers
Authors: Chestnov Vsevolod , Gasparotto Federico , Mandal Manoj K. , Mastrolia Pierpaolo , Matsubara-Heo Saiei J. , Munch Henrik J. , Takayama Nobuki
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We elaborate on the connection between Gel’fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky systems, de Rham theory for twisted cohomology groups, and Pfaffian equations for Feynman Integrals. We propose a novel, more efficient algorithm to compute Macaulay matrices, which are used to derive Pfaffian systems of differential equations. The Pfaffian matrices are then employed to obtain linear relations for $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-hypergeometric (Euler) integrals and Feynman integrals, through recurrence relations and through projections by intersection numbers.
Celestial blocks and transverse spin in the three-point energy correlator
Authors: Chen Hao , Moult Ian , Sandor Joshua , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Quantitative theoretical techniques for understanding the substructure of jets at the LHC enable new insights into the dynamics of QCD, and novel approaches to search for new physics. Recently, there has been a program to reformulate jet substructure in terms of correlation functions, $$ \left\langle \mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_1\right)\mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_2\right)\cdots \mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_k\right)\ \right\rangle $$

E

n
→

1

E

n
→

2

⋯
E

n
→

k

, of light-ray operators, $$ \mathcal{E}\left(\overrightarrow{n}\right) $$
E

n
→

, allowing the application of techniques developed in the study of Conformal Field Theories (CFTs). In this paper we further develop these techniques in the particular context of the three-point correlator $$ \left\langle \mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_1\right)\mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_2\right)\mathcal{E}\left({\overrightarrow{n}}_3\right)\ \right\rangle $$

E

n
→

1

E

n
→

2

E

n
→

3

, using recently computed perturbative data in both QCD and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 sYM. We derive the celestial blocks appearing in the light-ray operator product expansion (OPE) of the three-point correlator, and use the Lorentzian inversion formula to extract the spectrum of light-ray operators appearing in the expansion, showing, in particular, that the OPE data is analytic in transverse spin. Throughout our presentation, we highlight the relation between the OPE approach, and more standard splitting function based approaches of perturbative QCD, emphasizing the utility of the OPE approach for incorporating symmetries in jet substructure calculations. We hope that our presentation introduces a number of new techniques to the jet substructure community, and also illustrates the phenomenological relevance of the study of light-ray operators in the OPE limit to the CFT community.