bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer analysis of the thermal state of the object after cryotherapy
Authors: Yerezhep D , Yemelyanov A , Kuznetsov Y , Perminov A , Pronin V , Minikaev A , Yerezhep A
Published: November 2019

In this work, experimental data are presented that allows one to estimate the relative amount of heat release. It also provides the opportunity to state the general tendency of its change over time for patients with various individual characteristics of the organism. An important indicator of safety and effectiveness of cryotherapy is the temperature of the skin surface Tk, which should not fall below -2 °C during exposure. It is also planned to propose a method for studying the dynamics of Tk and heat flux from the human body using a thermoelectric module (TEM). The paper evaluates the experimental data on the TEM current changes during and after cryotherapy. Also, dynamics assessment of heat flow during cryotherapy is given and the possibility of evaluating Tk will be shown. It is planned to get an overall picture of the process of heat exchange of the measuring device with the skin of the test object. The results allow us to make recommendations regarding the duration and intensity of cryotherapy.
Method for calculation and control of parameters of the cluster pumping station with autonomous power supply and thermal water-gas impact on the reservoir
Authors: Igtisamova G R , Nosirov D Sh
Published: November 2019

An increase in the oil recovery rate is a crucial problem for the national energy industry. This paper discusses improvement of energy production and management of technical systems through the use of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. To implement this method, a cluster pumping station (CPS) with an autonomous power supply, thermal and water-gas impact on the formation was used. The article considers water saturation with carbon dioxide and its heating to increase oil recovery and prevent harmful combustion products from being released into the atmosphere. All the associated gases enter the heat engine turning mechanical energy into electrical one. Exhaust gases released from the heat engine are not emitted into the atmosphere. Using a smoke exhauster, they enter the mixing heat exchanger. In the mixing heat exchanger, water is heated and saturated with carbon dioxide. Then it enters the well which increases oil recovery, prevents air pollution and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Dynamic model of the electromagnetic oscillating system with energy losses
Authors: Neyman L A , Neyman V Yu , Elanakova V A
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the research lies in the need to improve the accuracy of dynamic calculations of electromagnetic oscillating systems used in technical systems for the generation of vibrations with a frequency of up to 100 Hz. The research considers the solution of the problem of creating an accurate dynamic single-mass oscillating system with an electromagnetic drive that characterizes the different operation modes and allows a comprehensive analysis of electromechanical processes by means of structural modeling methods. The distinctive feature of this model is the ability to take into account the nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit, leakage fluxes, properties of elastic linkages, viscous friction and sliding friction, external influence and energy losses of electrical and mechanical nature in an electromagnetic oscillating system. To solve the problem of calculating the magnetic field, the standard finite-element modeling FEMM software was used. To calculate the dynamic part of the problem, the calculation algorithm was developed that was implemented by means of structural modeling method in Matlab Simulink software environment. By the example of calculation of periodic electromechanical processes in the electromagnetic oscillating system, the possibilities of the model for a comprehensive analysis of operation processes are considered. According to the results of the research, recommendations for improving the accuracy of calculations of electromechanical processes were obtained.
Project-based learning technology as means of self-development for a prospective specialist in automated machine building
Authors: Saigushev N Y , Vedeneeva O A , Melekhova Yu B , Savva L I , Kashuba I V
Published: November 2019

This article studies self-development of a prospective specialist in automated machine building as the key personal feature in the course of his professional formation in the higher education system. Information-based learning technologies assist in the formation of the creative approach to understanding professional activities among students and develop their independence of thought and the ability to make optimum situation-specific decisions. Project-based learning technology serves as an effective means of professional self-development for a prospective specialist in automated machine building.
Resource-saving electromechanical transmission of the mining truck
Authors: Vasilev B U , Grigorev P S , Mardashov D V
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is the electromechanical transmission of a mining truck, which provides all modes of movement of this type of mining equipment. The purpose of the work is to develop an electromechanical transmission of a mining truck that meets high requirements for unification and reliability, ensuring resource saving during its creation and exploitation. The main task is the optimal choice of the electromechanical transmission components, as well as the study of their influence on each other. Math methods and simulation modeling in the mathematical package of applied programs were used to perform the study of the developed electromechanical transmission. A complex simulation model has been created, it includes: a source of electricity; frequency converter (amounting to the active rectifier (energy converter and excitation device) and autonomous voltage inverters); asynchronous motors. The simulation model is equipped with blocks of oscillography and analysis of electrical variables of an electromechanical transmission. The study of the simulation model of an electromechanical transmission shows the strict correspondence of the speed characteristics of both drive engines and the mining truck. The vehicle accelerates to the rated speed at full load, braking on a slope, and turning. The electrical parameters of the electromechanical transmission correspond to the task, the control of variable drive engines in all modes of operation is provided at the proper level.
Algorithms and features of diagnosing of electric furnaces electrodes based on electrical technologies
Authors: Myatezh A V , Grechneva M V , Zhigalov K Yu
Published: November 2019

The paper highlights methods of nondestructive testing and their use to diagnose solid media of graphite electrodes applied in steel furnaces for identification of different defects. The main focus of the paper is to consider the methods of eddy-current testing of graphite electrodes. Besides, it presents the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the method and localization of the place of potential damage. The practical importance of the paper includes simulation modelling of electromagnetic processes with further description of detailed results and conclusions.
High-precision frequency synthesizer for geophysical and biotechnical measurements using laser meter
Authors: Rybushkin A. Yu. , Fomin Yu. N. , Zhmud V.A. , Vasil’ev V.A. , Kusyakin N.A. , Semibalamut V.M. , Dimitrov L.V.
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a frequency synthesizer for expanding applications and improving the accuracy of a laser device for measuring ultra-small displacements. Such devices are used to measure Earth’s crust deformations. The specified device allows measuring the increment of lengths based on 25 m in two mutually orthogonal directions. Year-round use of such device in an observatory tunnel inside a mountain, such as, for example, in the Talaya Observatory near Lake Baikal, allows for detailed recording of Earth’s crust deformations by studying the long-term and relatively short-term components of these vibrations. The main use of these results consists in registering a nonstandard change in the deformations, which can serve as a precursor of earthquakes, which causes the highest relevance of these studies. The device contains two lasers tied to each other in frequency with a frequency difference defined from the outside. The binding is carried out by a phase locked loop system, and a reference sample oscillator forms the external frequency. For some applications, the highest accuracy of the frequency tuning of the reference oscillator is required, which is achieved only by using a frequency synthesizer specially designed for this purpose. The paper describes the main circuit solutions for this synthesizer and the results of its use as part of the specified high-precision laser gauge of displacements and deformations of Earth’s crust.
Simulation-dynamic model for calculating the equipment leasing
Authors: Boyko A A , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V S , Korneeva A A , Kukartsev V A , Mikhalev A S
Published: November 2019

The article presents a simulation-dynamic model for calculating leasing payments for leased equipment. The model was developed based on the system dynamics method using Powersim Studio tools. In the model, the calculations were carried out for financial leasing, regressive payment schedule and the method of minimum deductions. The model was used as a tool to study options for leasing payments with linear and non-linear deprecation methods, with a multiplying factor-accelerated depreciation. As a result of experiments with options, various amounts of leasing payments (depreciation, loan payments, commission fees, total leasing payments, etc.) were received. The conducted study allows us to conclude that the constructed simulated dynamic model is quite universal and on its basis, it is possible to carry out a variety of studies concerning various aspects of equipment leasing.
Method for selecting geothermal energy extraction technologies using nomograms
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova K F , Izmaylova G R , Larin P A , Kuleshova L S
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the efficiency of geothermal energy extraction method. Different regions of the Russian Federation were analyzed. Available geothermal energy extraction technologies using nomograms were analyzed. The nomograms describe the dynamics of outlet changes in temperatures and the amount of energy produced at various coefficients of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of rocks. The nomograms used for selection of suitable geothermal energy production technologies depending on geological and physical conditions were developed. Based on geological and physical characteristics of the bottomhole formation zone, such well parameters as the radii of the casing and the tubing and coolant velocity, outlet temperatures and thermal capacity of the well were calculated. The more efficient technology was selected.
Use of information technologies of management in public authorities activities
Authors: Kokhanovskaya I.I. , Fatykhova A.L. , Suleimanova F.M. , Golovneva E.V.
Published: November 2019

At present, the state is striving to introduce modern information technologies into the sphere of interaction between the government and society, since this allows for more dynamic interaction between the state, municipalities, citizens and organizations and encourages the increase in the stability and sustainability of power relations in society. While developing the state apparatus, the role of information technologies has taken on increased significance as one of the tools to promote management decisions aimed at ensuring the greater efficiency of the state.
An integrated model as a tool for implementing an enterprise management method
Authors: Lipatova S V , Yardaeva M N , Lutoshkin I V , Polyanskov Yu V
Published: November 2019

An integrated enterprise management model based on information about enterprise activities was developed. The integrated model formalizes enterprise management methods, including information systems caused by digitization of production and the economy as a whole and involves implementation and consolidation of effective management methods which can be adapted to changing conditions at the information systems level. The problem of labor-intensive implementation and development of information systems which requires phase implementation (phasing involves decomposition) is solved by constructing a model structure divided into levels and sub-models. This approach to the model structure can be used for phased implementation based on the analysis of the KPI system, business processes and the organizational structure of the enterprise. The complex model is a tool for implementing the management method and analysis of structural functional description of enterprise’s activities. The analysis results indicate the need for reorganization, changes in business processes or modification of key indicators.
Economic efficiency of management automation in educational organizations
Authors: Alenicheva T S , Mamaeva N A , Patlasov O Yu
Published: November 2019

The problem of using management automation in digital educational organization environment is considered in the article. The purpose of research is calculation of management automation performance indicators and rationale of using them. The empirical method of comparison, theoretical methods for forming a structure, making a conclusion about the composition, such as study, synthesis, analysis, are used in the article. The article is based on domestic and foreign research about information technologies in educational service management problems. The results consist in calculation of management automation performance indicators and allow justifying the position about using management automation in an educational organization based on Omsk State Railway University. The authors believe that the result of the research can be used in science and pedagogical activity concerning informational systems in the educational process and management automation in educational organization problems and digital educational environment development.
Methodology of probabilistic modelling of the current activity of industrial enterprises
Authors: Drapalyuk M V , Bezrukova T L , Shanin I I , Bezrukov B A
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the approach to the methodology of modeling and forecasting the production activities of industrial enterprises. It uses mathematical probability theory. All the studies are made by the example of the furniture industry enterprises. This approach enables to carry out effective planning of production and commercial activities. It also contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of marketing activities and decision making. The presented results have been achieved through the use of mathematical models and tools based on the application of the approach to defining the probability of non-zero demand for the goods. The developed mathematical models make it possible to prepare the initial data and make effective management decisions based on them in the form of plans and programs of industrial activities in a quick manner. The enterprises producing goods or providing services in a large assortment are forced to conduct a comparative mathematical analysis of the business units of the industrial enterprise in order to make a decision on the distribution of investment resources. The priority field of enterprise activity (which brings the maximum profit) receives the maximum financial investments.
Identifying duplicated ads on property selling and renting websites
Authors: Tynchenko V S , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V V , Bukhtoyarov V V , Chzhan E A , Kukartsev V A , Boyko A A
Published: November 2019

The article presents a solution for the problem of identifying duplicated ads on property selling websites. This task is formulated in the form of a classification problem: the input parameters are identified then divided into basic and non-basic, as well as a class-forming feature. It is also necessary to consider the preliminary data of processed property objects, which is necessary for proper application of the classification methods. The following is a brief review of chosen modern algorithms for solving classification problems, namely: decision trees, artificial neural networks, logistic regression. As a result of experiments, it was revealed that Artificial neural network gives the most accurate result therefore, this algorithm is suitable for the solution of the stated problem.
Mathematical competence development of bachelor of engineering
Authors: Vinogradova M , Malchukova N , Dorofeev S
Published: November 2019

The authors of this article draw attention to the fact that engineering education requires deep knowledge in mathematics and its methods that are fundamental for many disciplines and contribute to the development of a fundamental system of training students during their university study. Attention is focused on the need to introduce heuristic professional tasks into the studying process that develop mathematical competence among students, which includes motivational, value-based, cognitive, activity-based, reflexive and evaluative aspects. The need for the development of mathematical competence that increases intellectual base of a competitive specialist in modern society is determined in the article.
Infrastructure as a service for a digital factory, smart factory and virtual factory of the Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Korobeynikov A G , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: November 2019

The task is to create an infrastructure cloud service to support informatively the completion of project and production tasks in the Industry 4.0 companies. Infrastructure digital factory service has some program components which are necessary to create digital twins of items and cyber and physical systems. Infrastructure smart factory service has some components which are necessary for completion manufacturing of technological operations of the item in automatic mode with cyber and physical equipment. Infrastructure virtual factory service has some components which are necessary to control the item during its remote exploitation by personnel. There is a scheme how to organize cloud infrastructure which is the same for smart and digital factories which are the parts of the Industry 4.0 virtual factory.
Robotic system development using CAD/CAM/CAE of NX
Authors: Anciferov S I , Gaponenko E V , Kuzmina V S
Published: November 2019

The article proposes a design technique of a 6DoF robotic system for processing complex-shaped parts containing a base and a module for installing a tool and a module for processing parts made in the form of parallel structure mechanisms using the CAD / CAM / CAE of NX system controlled by PLM management of Teamcenter system. In order to create a digital model of the system, a control structure was developed, which allowed creating the design using the “Bottom-Up” method in the course of the assembly. The control structure reduces the time of the creation of a model. The constructed model of the system will be used in the future for engineering calculations and mathematical analysis, as well as for obtaining all the necessary design documentation.
A realization of the turbulent vortex dynamo in the atmosphere: based on the 21st century knowledge
Authors: Levina G V
Published: November 2019

A brief summary of the results of numerical modeling undertaken to substantiate the action of the turbulent vortex dynamo (TVD) in the atmosphere is presented. Two series of numerical experiments are discussed. The first of them was aimed at examining a mathematical model of TVD formulated as the mean-field equations, which describe the dynamo-effect in a non-uniformly heated medium. To simulate and demonstrate the main peculiarities of the new large-scale instability in turbulence, an ingenious statement of the problem for numerical analysis was produced, namely, within a simpler framework – the Rayleigh-Bénard problem on laminar thermal convection in an extended horizontal layer. Within the second series, our developed numerical approach, used and tested in the initial series as well as obtained results therein allowed applying the TVD theory to diagnosis of tropical cyclogenesis. To this purpose, the Russian-American collaboration was initiated and the most advanced to that date tools of atmospheric analysis were utilized. Tropical cyclone formation was examined through the analysis of the American data of near-cloud-resolving (2-3 km horizontal grid spacing) atmospheric numerical simulation.
Formation of filaments and dense cores during molecular clouds collision
Authors: Rybakin B P , Moiseenko S G
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the collision process of two molecular clouds(MC). The density distribution over the radius of the MC is modeled by various laws, the density in the center varies. The forces of gravity, thermal conductivity and radiative losses are not taken into account. The processes of deformation, fragmentation and the formation of superdense regions that occurs during the collision of molecular clouds are analyzed. Visualization of the calculation results made it possible to find the features of the emerging flow the formation of vortices, filaments, and superdense nuclei in molecular clouds.
Two-temperature advective transonic accretion flows around black holes
Authors: Sarkar Shilpa , Chattopadhyay Indranil
Published: November 2019

We present here unique transonic two-temperature accretion solutions in presence of radiation processes. Unlike one-temperature flow, the set of equations governing two-temperature flow is not complete, since for the latter, the number of equations is less than the number of flow variables. Consequently, a large number of transonic solutions of the equations of motion exist, for a given set of constants of motion. We invoke the second law of thermodynamics and identified the solution with the maximum entropy as the physically possible solution. In this paper, we compare spherical and rotating accretion two-temperature flows. We also show that the luminosity, as well as radiative efficiency of rotating flows, is higher by an order of magnitude, as compared to spherical flows.
Comparative analysis of prediction algorithms for building energy usage prediction at an urban scale
Authors: Ali Usman , Shamsi Mohammad Haris , Nabeel Muhammad , Hoare Cathal , Alshehri Fawaz , Mangina Eleni , Odonnell James
Published: November 2019

Strategic planning for efficient and sustainable urban environments necessitates identification of scalable energy saving opportunities for the buildings sector. A possible resolution is the analysis of building energy use data at urban scale, although the available data is often sparse, inconsistent, diverse and heterogeneous in nature. Over the past decades, predictive modeling using sparse data has aided with the forecasting of building energy use. However, most studies of energy use prediction focus on individual buildings. This paper proposes the integration of building archetypes simulation, parametric analysis, and machine learning techniques as a solution to accurately predict individual building energy use at an urban level. The aim of the research described in this paper is to achieve accurate prediction of building energy performance, which will allow stakeholders, such as energy policymakers and urban planners, to make informed decisions when planning retrofit measures at large scale. The methodology generates synthetic building data for training the predictive model and predicts building energy use at urban scale with limited resources. The experimentation focuses on Dublin city through the development of synthetic building dataset using parametric analysis on previously identified key variables of two distinct building archetypes. Having compared different prediction algorithms, we show that the Gradient Boosted Trees algorithm gives a better prediction when compared to other algorithms.
Impact of CH2018 Climate Change Scenarios for Switzerland on today’s Swiss building stock
Authors: Buffat René , Heeren Niko , Froemelt Andreas , Raubal Martin
Published: November 2019

The energy demand of buildings heavily depends on outdoor temperature. Current climate change projections suggest an increase in annual mean temperatures of up to 5.4°C for Switzerland until the end of the century. In this study, an existing bottom-up building stock model is coupled with the latest spatio-temporal climate change projections. This allows for simulating the heat demand for each Swiss building for three different climate change scenarios and three periods. It is found that while space heat demand can decrease up to 33% by the end of the century, the need for air conditioning can arise. Furthermore, the impact of climate change differs between regions in Switzerland.
A Review on interdisciplinary methods for the characterization of thermal perception in public spaces
Authors: Requena-Ruiz Ignacio , Drozd Céline , Leduc Thomas , Rodler Auline , Servières Myriam , Siret Daniel
Published: November 2019

The contemporary design of public spaces integrates frequently urban cooling installations for thermal comfort in summertime. However, the details of the thermal experience that they provide is yet partially unknown. This paper studies how methods and techniques arising from microclimatology, urban studies and sensory studies can interact for characterizing thermal comfort outdoors. We have reviewed thirteen papers using meteorological measuring instruments and assessed them according to the requirements of methods originating from social sciences and sensory studies for the public space. As a result, we discuss the potentialities and limitations of such techniques to interact through an interdisciplinary methodological design.
Modelling the impact of green solutions upon the urban heat island phenomenon by means of satellite data
Authors: Colaninno Nicola , Morello Eugenio
Published: November 2019

Climate change causes a critical increase of temperature and frequency of heat waves, whose impact is particularly sensitive within the urban environment. Here, the loss of natural areas, beside morphological and thermal properties, makes urban temperature to be significantly higher compared to peri-urban and rural areas. This phenomenon is commonly known as urban heat island (UHI). Because green infrastructure provides an effective strategy for reducing the UHI effect, we explore the feasibility of remotely sensed data and statistical modelling for assessing the effectiveness of green measures. We simulated how implementing green roofs over the city of Milan could affect temperature. Geographically weighted regression has been used to model the correlation among satellite-derived vegetation map and near-surface air temperature.
Local climate impact on the energy demand: an analysis at the European scale
Authors: Krafess Ismael , Houmani Cynthia , Mauree Dasaraden , Coccolo Silvia , Perera A. T. Dasun , Scartezzini Jean-Louis
Published: November 2019

A reduction by 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions as well as a similar decrease for the final energy consumption is needed to respect the energy strategies and climate objectives at the European scale. To address this issue, we analysed the energy demand of 17 European cities using the coupled CIM-CitySim model. Simulations taking into account the urban microclimate were performed for one typical year to obtain the cooling and the heating demand. When comparing the results with and without the urban microclimate, although on a yearly basis there does not seem to be much difference on the overall energy demand (<15%), when looking at the seasonal dynamics, it can be noted that there are significant deviations, in particular for the cooling demand (>60%). In the future, strategies to design more sustainable urban areas at the European scale will be evaluated. The objective is to be able to define mitigation strategies that will decrease the footprint of urban areas while at the same time increasing its liveability.
The effect of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems on outdoor comfort and runoff
Authors: Rosso Federica , Mannucci Simona , Morganti Michele , Mariani Silvia , Cecere Carlo , Ferrero Marco
Published: November 2019

Cities are facing numerous challenges such as Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) and more frequent flooding events, due to the increasing soil sealing. Greenery and water implemented in urban outdoor spaces have been promoted as effective strategies to counteract UHIE while Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) have been identified as convenient solutions to increase resilience to flooding. However, since many SUDS are green-based, they also benefit urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort. In this work, the effectiveness of SUDS as passive strategies to simultaneously improve outdoor thermal comfort and reduce stormwater runoff is assessed. The analysis is carried out on a neighbourhood in Ostia (Rome), selected as representative of Mediterranean climate. The case study area is modelled on ENVI-met in three different scenarios: the current condition is compared with two future developments in which green and water-based mitigation strategies are implemented or in which soil sealing continues based on current trend. Moreover, for each scenario, stormwater runoff has been determined using the Soil Conservation Service curve number method. Results show that the implemented mitigation strategies allow achieving improved thermal comfort conditions and at the same time they can reduce runoff.
Retrofitting a building stock: modeling and optimization for decision aiding at territory scale
Authors: Rogeau A. , Girard R. , Abdelouadoud Y. , Kariniotakis G.
Published: November 2019

Reduction of the energy consumption is a key lever to tackle climate change, but identification of the retrofit actions to undertake within a building stock remains a challenging scientific problem. This paper presents a complete methodology able to design action plans at a territory level with a building resolution. The economic and energetic modeling of the retrofit context is detailed before introducing a linear 0-1 optimization formulation which is used to arbitrate between both building envelope insulation and heating system replacement measures. A 500 buildings territory study case is then presented to illustrate the potential of the developed tool.
SCAFE: Automated simultaneous clustering and non-linear feature extraction of building energy profiles
Authors: Ulyanin Stepan , Vazquez-Canteli Jose , Park June Young , Nagy Zoltan
Published: November 2019

Increasing amounts of energy consumption data available to researchers in recent years make it easier to analyze the global energy demands. The analysis is important because buildings consume roughly 40% of global energy. One of the applications of data-driven analysis is identifying buildings that follow similar energy consumption patterns. Despite the number of available unsupervised machine learning algorithms, the user is still required to choose features, typically resorting to hourly data. In this paper, we propose we present SCAFE, an end-to-end architecture for Simultaneous Clustering And non-linear Feature Extraction. The method consists of first transforming the raw energy profiles that are represented as time-series into three channel images, using Gramian Summation, Gramian Difference and Markov Transition Fields. Then, we map the images to the latent space with the use of an autoencoder. Finally, we perform clustering in the latent space, simultaneously obtaining clusters and features of the dataset. We demonstrate SCAFE on the UTexas dataset, showing similar performance to standard k-means clustering while in addition also extracting natural features of the data in the latent space.
Takeshi: Application of unsupervised machine learning techniques for topology detection in building energy systems
Authors: Stinner Florian , Raßpe-Lange Lukas , Baranski Marc , Müller Dirk
Published: November 2019

Buildings rarely achieve their energy targets defined in the planning phase. Due to a lack of time and money, operators frequently fail to identify and implement energy efficiency measures in control. Knowledge about the topology of the building energy system (BES) is important for the automatic identification of energy efficiency measures, but usually does not exist in a machine-readable form. In this paper, we present an approach to detect the topology of a BES using an unsupervised learning algorithm, called Takeshi. We apply the algorithm to real and simulated time series data of a multifunctional building. This algorithm relies on a data mining approach, in which four steps are conducted, preprocessing, partitioning, sequencing and rule detection. The results obtained using the real-life data were only partly satisfactory. The best F1 score was 43,3 %, whereby the used seasons of the year had a high influence. In order to demonstrate a broader range of applications, we applied the algorithm to the simulation data. In that case, the algorithm shows significantly better results and the F1 score reached 79,6 %. We evaluate reasons for the poor performance in the case of the real BACS data set and derive possible improvements to the methodology.
Data driven value creation in AEC along the building lifecycle
Authors: Holzwarth Valentin , Schneider Johannes , Kunz Andreas , Brocke Jan vom
Published: November 2019

Interest in the field of data analytics among researchers and practitioners has been rising over the last few years. The digitalization of the built environment leads to increased availability of data, enabling the introduction of data analytics. In this paper we propose a novel framework for data driven value creation in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). The framework consists of four value creating categories, which are mapped on a building’s lifecycle. Additionally, we analyse over ten data analytics applications by the value they create along the building lifecycle. The paper concludes by suggesting future research for data analytics in AEC.
Detailed load simulation for better grid planning
Authors: Pflugradt Noah , Muntwyler Urs
Published: November 2019

The future load profile is the single most important factor for determining the future grid. But in many cases while planning future grids, the planners simply assume that the future load will be much like the current one, which can cause large problems later. In this paper an alternative approach is shown. For the research project “SimZukunft” the future load is calculated based on the official scenarios for Switzerland, which are broken down to the level of the individual house. A bottom-up simulation is used to calculate the future load profile, which is then used to perform the grid planning. The paper explains the methods used to generate a detailed bottom up model for a city as well as the challenges and benefits of the approach and gives a brief overview of some of the results of the research project.
Prediction of hourly solar radiation using temperature and humidity for real-time building energy simulation
Authors: Gaballa Hany , Cho Soolyeon
Published: November 2019

Solar radiation is considered one of the most substantial energy sources in our life. This paper discusses how to develop an algorithm to predict real-time hourly solar radiation based on readily available weather data such as temperature and humidity. Artificial Neural Network is one of the most effective technologies for developing algorithms to predict solar radiations. Hidden nodes, learning rates, and epochs are the main three variables. An optimization method is proposed to provide the optimum value of the variables depending on the Coefficient of Variance of the Root Mean Square Error, Normalized Mean Bias Error, and Coefficient of determination.
Sensitivity analysis of data-driven building energy demand forecasts
Authors: Bünning Felix , Heer Philipp , Smith Roy S. , Lygeros John
Published: November 2019

Data-driven models of buildings could potentially reduce implementation barriers for demand forecasting and predictive control in the built environment. However, such models appear to be sensitive to the quality of the available input data. Here, we investigate the influence of sampling time, noise level and amount of available measurement data as well as the quality of the weather forecast on a heating demand forecast with online corrected Artificial Neural Networks. Based on a case study, we demonstrate that sampling time has a stronger influence on the prediction performance than noise level and the amount of available data. Furthermore, we show that using measured ambient temperatures for training appears to provide no benefit compared to using weather forecasts.
Exergy-based model predictive control for design and control of a seasonal thermal energy storage system
Authors: Jonin Matthieu , Khosravi Mohammad , Eichler Annika , Villasmil Willy , Schuetz Philipp , Jones Colin N. , Smith Roy S.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the problem of controlling a seasonal thermal energy storage (STES). The STES considered here is a large scale tank of heated water installed in a building and connected to a solar panel. The stored energy in the STES can be used for providing the building with the space heating (SP) and the domestic hot water (DHW). In order to utilize the STES efficiently, we design a suitable model predictive control (MPC) scheme. In this regard, we develop an appropriate model for the system with an emphasis on the computational tractability of problem. Toward this end, we introduce a bilinear model with analytical linearization. Subsequently, we solve the optimization problem using a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) framework in a reasonable computational time. For controlling the system, in addition to solving the corresponding optimization problem, the main challenge is incorporating seasonal features in the MPC. This issue is resolved by augmenting the cost function with an additional term which is defined based on the exergy of system. Moreover, we address the challenging question of deriving minimal achievable size of the STES tank while satisfying user demand of DHW and SP. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is verified numerically.
Hourly CO2 emission assessment of a 5 MWth centralized groundwater HP district heating system in Geneva
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Santandrea Dario , Romano Elliot , Hollmuller Pierre
Published: November 2019

In the present paper, we develop an hourly simulation model for determination of the relevant system load curves of a new district of 30 high performance multi-family buildings (163’00 m2 heated floor area) situated in Geneva, which is equipped with a 5 MWth groundwater HP. As a complement, at building level, heat recovery on exhaust air is used for pre-heating of DHW by way of decentralized air-to-water HPs. As a result of our model, the 10.7 GWh annual heat production (65% for SH, 35% for DHW) should require 1.93 GWh HP electricity (85% centralized, 15% decentralized). When crossing the corresponding profile with a recent analysis of the hourly CO2 content of the Swiss electricity mix, the annual carbon content of heat amounts to 47 gCO2/kWhth., which is 4 times less than with a centralized gas boiler.
HVACC 4.0: Heating and cooling for the day after tomorrow
Authors: Noll Thomas
Published: November 2019

For achieving the 2°C goal of the Paris climate protocol, decarbonization of the building sector, which accounts for about 50% of the primary energy consumption [7], is planned for 2050. With a current annual building refurbishment rate between 0,4 and 1,2% in the EU it will be impossible to reach this objective. For getting on track, efficient and particularly affordable solutions fulfilling future-proof requirements are needed. This paper introduces the concept of HVACC 4.0, which stands for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Chilling. The system architecture differs from state of the art HVACR, where the R stands for Refrigeration, in at least three points: (1) The innovative thermal storage and collector concept allows to harvest and store “low temperature heat and cold” on a daily basis, (2) in heating applications, the disruptive refrigerant cycle allows to more than double the Coefficient of Performance (COP) compared to air-water heat pumps and (3) in cooling applications, the night-time harvesting of cold via unglazed PVT-collectors allows to boost the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) by a factor of >10 compared to split devices or cold water aggregates. HVACC 4.0 aims to provide a solution in form of an easy-to-install refurbishment kit. The design criteria for addressing the “4.0” in HVACC 4.0 have been (1) to exemplify the principle of “efficiency 1st”, (2) to maximize the share of Renewable Energies (RE) on total energy consumption, (3) to allow serving next generation low temperature District Grids (DG) and (4) to allow “more sector coupling”. As new and innovative RE sources with high collector yield, unglazed PVT-collectors (Photo Voltaic & Thermal) and thermally activated Sheet Pile Systems are discussed.
Influence of PV facade configuration on the energy demand and visual comfort in office buildings
Authors: Skandalos Nikolaos , Tywoniak Jan
Published: November 2019

On the road towards Low or Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB), both a reduction of energy demand and on-site electricity generation from renewable energy systems becomes necessary. Recently, Photovoltaics (PVs) have been widely used in modern buildings as part of the façade, mounted on the envelope or integrated as construction elements. This work investigates the effect of the PV facade configuration on the energy demand and visual comfort of an office building under the semi-continental climate conditions of Prague. Different BIPV systems are compared, focusing on the competing functions associated with the PV system in terms of electrical, thermal and daylighting performance.
Study of small scale photovoltaic applications in rural Indian household context
Authors: Dhiman Brajesh , Kumar Tarun , Rituraj Gautam , Bhalla Kriti , Chakrabarti Debkumar
Published: November 2019

In India, approximately 240 million people do not have access to electricity. Many suburban and rural parts of the country are either not connected to the grid or are served with an intermittent power supply. In such cases, a dependable source is required to avail the electricity primarily for subsistence. Small-scale solar photovoltaic applications become the most reliable and dependable option to provide electricity, and it could be a solution to compensate electricity for households where the national grid is unreliable, or the population density is too sparse. In this context, a case study is performed in order to investigate the feasibility and usefulness of decentralized small-scale solar photovoltaic applications in the context of Indian rural households. The methodology involves field observations conducted in Sonitpur district of Assam, India. Additionally, a Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted using ‘GaBi’ educational software to assess the embodied energy and energy payback time (EPBT). The socio-cultural relationship of such small-scale solar photovoltaic applications is studied in the human development context of remote villages in Assam state, India. Two different types of decentralized solar photovoltaic distribution models are considered – Solar photovoltaic home system (SPVHS) model and decentralized DC microgrid distribution model. Context-specific benefits are observed for the DC microgrid model over the SPVHS model. Furthermore, the socio-cultural dimensions and issues identified in ownership and maintenance point towards the acceptance of such systems. To fulfil the energy demand by considering affordability and usefulness of design, the DC microgrid distribution model ensured an optimal design based on the rural user requirements. Hence, such systems would address the subsistent energy needs of Indian villages and propel them towards energy self-sufficiency.
“Solar fitness and wellness” – A unique design for sustainable wellness technologies
Authors: Weber Robert Rudolf , Baldini Luca
Published: November 2019

A spa facility with two saunas and a steam bath aiming at a primary energy demand reduction by a factor of 6 with reference to a conventional system was designed and built into the NEST innovation platform. For performance analysis, simulations over the course of a year were performed and calibrated with available measurement data. It was found that the efficiency goal along with the targeted annual net zero energy balance could be achieved. For an in-depth performance analysis in the future, a more stable operation and optimized control is needed along with measurement data for a full year of operation.
Integrating occupants’ voluntary thermal preference responses into personalized thermal control in office buildings
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Karava Panagiota , Tzempelikos Athanasios , Bilionis Ilias
Published: November 2019

A Bayesian modeling approach which allows incorporating voluntary feedback data (comfort-related responses), collected via participatory interfaces, along with requested feedback data, into a thermal preference learning framework. This is achieved by explicitly considering occupant participation, a type of behavior, in the model. Experiments with human subjects were conducted to collect thermal preference datasets, with both participatory and requested setups, which were used to train personalized thermal preference models. The proposed approach allows using the participatory setup without distorting the thermal preference predictive probabilities. In addition, we propose a concept of smart occupant feedback request algorithm, that determines whether and when to request feedback based on the quantified value of the request. This work will lead to smarter, user-interactive comfort delivery systems that will be continuously updated through interactions with their occupants, and will provide customized indoor environments tailored to individual preferences.
Is your clock-face cozie? A smartwatch methodology for the in-situ collection of occupant comfort data
Authors: Jayathissa Prageeth , Quintana Matias , Sood Tapeesh , Nazarian Negin , Miller Clayton
Published: November 2019

Labelled human comfort data can be a valuable resource in optimising the built environment, and improving the wellbeing of individual occupants. The acquisition of labelled data however remains a challenge. This paper presents a methodology for the collection of in-situ occupant feedback data using a Fitbit smartwatch. The clock-face application cozie can be downloaded free-of-charge on the Fitbit store and tailored to fit a range of occupant comfort related experiments. In the initial trial of the app, fifteen users were given a smartwatch for one month and were prompted to give feedback on their thermal preferences. In one month, with minimal administrative overhead, 1460 labelled responses were collected. This paper demonstrates how these large data sets of human feedback can be analysed to reveal a range of results from building anomalies, occupant behaviour, occupant personality clustering, and general feedback related to the building. The paper also discusses limitations in the approach and the next phase of design of the platform.