bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of commercial water losses in PDAM Maja Tirta, Mojokerto City
Authors: Marsono B D , Jannah I R
Published: January 2021

Water losses is a problem that often occurs in PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum), including PDAM Maja Tirta, Mojokerto City. Water meters at customer connections installed for a long time and have never been calibrated can decrease in accuracy, causing commercial water losses. This study starts with a literature study about water losses. It then collected secondary data from PDAM Maja Tirta Mojokerto City in the form of service maps, the number and address of customers, the volume of water input that enters the distribution system, the system output volume, and tariffs or prices water. An analysis can be done from the secondary data to determine the number and location of sampling using the method described in SNI 05-0666 of 1997. The primary data that will be taken is the accuracy of the customer’s water meter measurements. From the study results, the level of commercial water loss due to the accuracy of the water meter was 8,52% from input system volume (total distributed water) or 148.160 m3. Control of commercial water losses can be done by periodically measuring the customer’s water meter, replacing damaged water meter, and adding an input system water meter.
Escalating the small-sized community green spaces’ role as the carbon storage in the coastal town
Authors: Aini I N , Hasibuan H S , Waryono
Published: January 2021

The community green space type is well-known as a public place with a superior aesthetic value. In contrast, this green space type can also have the principal ecological value because of the vegetation cover. This study was estimated the above-ground biomass and carbon stock of each tree species within the community green spaces in both coastal and terrestrial habitat to select some potential species to be more developed within both community green spaces in order to escalate the ecological value of the green spaces (carbon storage in a town area). All woody plants with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 20 cm were identified by the census method within three sampling plots in both Laman Brenda Park (Site 1) and Pamedan Ahmad Yani Park (Site 2). This study found that the tree community in Site 2 stores a higher carbon stock (15,433 kg/ha) than in Site 1 (1,744 kg/ha). The number of individual trees is the main driving factor of the amount of carbon stock on both sites. Some species from Lauraceae, Fabaceae, and Meliaceae that are incredibly tolerant of small mineral content soils, salinity, and lack of water content should be more developed in Site 1, specifically.
Potential health risks of heavy metals pollution in the Downstream of Citarum River
Authors: Shara S , Moersidik S S , Soesilo T E B
Published: January 2021

The Citarum River is the most polluted river in the world. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe are abundant in the environment and will disturb the sustainability and balance of the ecosystem caused by their toxicity. This is a major issue of concern in environmental science studies. This paper aims to determine the heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn dan Fe) levels of the Downstream Citarum River and has investigated the potential risk of heavy metals to human health from various components that pollute water by conducting literature studies. We found that the levels of cadmium and zinc exceed the quality standard threshold. Humans can be exposed to heavy metals from a variety of pathways. The risk of heavy metal poisoning depends on the amount of the dose that enters the body. Meanwhile, the dose increases with the concentration, duration and frequency of exposure and the way it enters the body. Meanwhile, the greater the exposure to heavy metals, the greater the risk of poisoning. Further efforts to reduce pollution and prevent the risk of pollution need to be made, not only by the government but also from all levels of society.
Community perceptions analysis of waste management in the Upper Citarum Watershed measured from attitudes, awareness, responsibilities, and norms using the SEM method
Authors: Mudjiardjo A S U , Moersidik S S , Darmajanti L
Published: January 2021

The Citarum River is a widely used river for community life; however, water pollution in the Citarum watershed, especially the upstream area, is increasing. Research shows that river water quality has decreased drastically, which has been heavily polluted and filled with various waste along the 127 km or 47.1% of the Citarum river. Waste and its management are now becoming an increasingly urgent problem in cities in Indonesia. It is feared that the high level of pollution in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed will impact the water quality conditions. Therefore, social analysis is needed. In this study, social analysis in the upstream region of the Citarum watershed was measured by the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method. This research is intended to analyze the community’s perceptions in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed towards waste management, measured by attitudes, awareness, responsibility, and norms. The correlation results show a significant relationship between waste management dimensions, where the highest correlation or relationship between norms and a sense of responsibility is (0.6667). It can be concluded that community norms and responsibilities are the main factors in waste management.
Agroforestry potential in CDK IX’s assisted areas of the Central Java Environment and Forestry Agency
Authors: Prabawani B , Warsono H , Dewi R S , Hapsari N R
Published: January 2021

Agroforestry is a form of sustainable farming that human needs, especially food, are met without jeopardizing future needs. Agroforestry is an urgent need, especially in highland areas in Central Java, which choose monoculture agriculture with high economic benefits but can damage the environment and endanger the ecosystem. Since 2017, the Government through the Regional Forestry Service Branch Office IX (CDK Wilayah IX), has guided farming communities in Magelang and Temanggung. However, the agroforestry output cannot be measured economically since the plant’s age was only three years old. Using in-depth interviews and field observations, this study found that the CDK IX farming community has implemented agrosilvopastoral farming that there are arrangements for cropping and spacing patterns and agricultural support livestock. In addition, there is a pattern of alternate spatial rows that the planting rows were arranged. The potential for agroforestry success in this region was identified due to the support of government development through field extension workers, local leadership, and local wisdom. However, low community participation, low education and knowledge, and seeds acceptance from donors were not in the planting period.
Utilization of tofu wastewater and sugar industry by-products as a medium for the production of antifungal metabolites by Paecylomyces Marquand StrainTP4
Authors: Andayani D G S , Andini D G T
Published: January 2021

Paecilomyces Marquand strain TP4 is a saprophytic fungus isolated from soil taken from Tangkuban Perahu Mountain at West Java Province, Indonesia. This research aims to identify the growth profile of P. Marquand strain TP4 and the antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. The antifungal compound is produced by the liquid fermentation method using tofu wastewater and molasses media. The fermentation broth is extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The result shows that the optimum activity achieved after 120 hours of fermentation. The fermentation broth has antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., where the inhibitory diameter was 20 mm. The total flavonoid content and total phenolic content of freeze-dry fermentation culture were 0.4839 mg/g and 1.171 mg/g, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract shows the highest antifungal activity with MIC 31.25 ppm and MFC 125 ppm. The FTIR spectrum shows the OH, aliphatic CH, CC, aromatic C=C, CH and C-O. Characterization of an antifungal compound based on phytochemical test and FTIR determine to be a phenolic group.
Analysis of government expenditure and environmental quality: an empirical study using provincial data levels in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavilia S , Setyadharma A , Wahyuningrum I F S , Damayanti N
Published: January 2021

The improvement of environmental quality is expected to increase along with the delegation of financial management authority to regional governments by the decentralization policy. The policy is expected to affect the handling of environmental problems in the regions. This study analyzes the influence of regional government expenditure variables and aggregate economie output variables at the regional level on environmental quality. This study uses cross-section data of 33 provinces in Indonesia in the period 2013-2018. Empirical studies were analyzed using panel data regression models. The results show that government expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index. The economie aggregate output variable has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index in Indonesia. This may imply that a rise in the quality of Indonesia’s environment is indicated by economie growth through a surge in aggregate economie output.
Inventory of old buildings and land subsidence in Semarang Old Colonial City
Authors: Rukayah R S , Sardjono A B , Abdullah M , Aziz A M A
Published: January 2021

There have been many researches on the conservation efforts of historical cities. The building inventory stage is the first step in conservation efforts to protect buildings from the past in order to have benefits in the present. This paper provides some data on buildings that undergo land subsidence in historical areas. Semarang Old City is a historical area built by the Colonial government in the 17thcentury. After nearly 320 years, some of these buildings have been damaged. This research, which focuses on buildings damaged by land subsidence will collect data from 245 existing buildings in 40 ha area. The approach method uses historical buildings, photos of old buildings, and field surveys. Several old buildings have been detected to be decreased in height due to land subsidence. This can be seen by comparing photos of old buildings from the past and the present. The research analysis uses sketches and photoshop to provide information on how much the height is decreased visually. This inventory results will be able to give advice to the government regarding the appropriate conservation actions to take in an area experiencing land subsidence. This research will also help preserve buildings and environment according to current and future needs in order to preserve their cultural meaning.
The influence of building envelope design in energy efficiency: OTTV calculation of multi storey building
Authors: Pramesti P U , Ramandhika M , Hasan M I , Werdiningsih H
Published: January 2021

This study provides calculation of OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) to multi storey building in Semarang. Case study for this study is Suara Merdeka Tower with the height of 15 floors and dominated by glass on its façade. In addition to OTTV calculation, recommendation provides as well in this study in an effort to reach ideal OTTV value for its façade. To minimize external thermal loads, SNI 03-6389-2011 determines the design criteria for building envelope with the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) value must be less than or equal to 35 Watt/m2. The method used in this study is by direct measurement in the field using a measuring tool to get the effective temperature and relative humidity of the indoor space. As well as the use of Autodesk Ecotect Software 2011 as a tool that helps obtain Effective Shading Coefficient value with three-dimensional simulation by incorporating climatological data from weatherbase site.The result of this research is obtained OTTV value at each facade that is OTTV value on 9th floor southwest facade equal to 47,07 W/m2, on 10th floor southwest facade of 60,60 W/m2, at northwest facade 13,61 W/m2, on the northeast facade of 24.49 W/m2, on the southeast facade of 32.6vW/m2, on the eastern fasade of 32.32 W/m2, on the western fasade of 47.12 W/m2, and on the northern fasade of 32.32 W/m2.
Challenge of integrated low-cost emission monitoring system into a digital information system
Authors: Simbolon A M , Fatkhurrahman J A , Mariani A , Sari I R J , Syafrudin  , Sudarno
Published: January 2021

The emission from industry has become a significant problem in Indonesia. Usually, the enterprise uses an accredited testing laboratory to conduct emission tests to report its process’s environmental performance. In contrast, this testing was accurate, but it cannot visualize whole time emission from one method. This year, the Covid-19 pandemic also gained some difficulties in environmental evaluation in the industry, including emission performance evaluation. Some big companies may have expensive continuous emission monitoring that can substitute manual laboratory testing. Some other, the small and medium scale industry did not have this system. There is a possible development of an integrated low-cost emission monitoring system in the small-medium scale industry. The low-cost gas sensor rapidly develops and gets more accurate. An engineering scenario of integrating low-cost emission monitoring systems into digital information systems could be developed under some challenges, instrumentation, calibration, and regulative support. By applying this scenario, periodical emission concentration can be evaluated periodically to support air quality management policy.
Cost optimization of tannery wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process with iron electrode under various DC voltage and electricity consumption
Authors: Muchlis  , Sari A A , Widyarani  , Sutarlan E , Nursanto E B , Fasa N
Published: January 2021

Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical technique in wastewater treatment that generates coagulant species in situ by electro dissolution of the sacrificial electrode. This work aimed to optimize the operating cost of tannery wastewater treatment by EC with iron electrodes under various DC voltages and electricity consumption. The experiment was conducted in a 400 mL batch electrochemical reactor using three iron electrode plates under a mono polar configuration and parallel distances of 26 mm. Several variations of voltage (8; 12; and 16 volt) and electricity consumption (1.7; 2.6; 3.4; and 4.3 kWh/m3) were applied. The reactor performance was evaluated based on the sedimentation curve using Imhoff cone. Simultaneously, the operating cost was analysed based on the electrode mass consumption and electricity consumption under variation in iron electrode price and electricity rates. The result showed that the optimum operating condition was obtained at the electrical voltage of 12 VDC and the electricity consumption of 2.55 kWh/m3. This condition had a current density of 1.7 A/m2, the electrode consumption rate of 0.31 kg/m3, and the operating cost of 0.45 – 0.55 USD/m3.
Effect of current strength on electrocoagulation using Al-Fe electrodes in COD and TSS removal of domestic wastewater
Authors: Oktiawan W , Priyambada I B , Aji S , Budi F S
Published: January 2021

Domestic wastewater is wastewater from household activities such as kitchens, baths, laundry, and water closets. Domestic wastewater contains parameters that can cause environmental pollution, so it needs to be treated. One of the domestic waste treatment technologies is electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation is a continuous coagulation process using direct electric current through electrochemical events. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of current on electrocoagulation using Al-Fe electrodes in reducing contaminant levels of domestic wastewater (COD and TSS). The electrode configuration used in this study was Al-Fe, with a variation of the current strength used was 1 A, 2 A, 3 A. The electrocoagulation process was carried out continuously with a contact time of 12 minutes. The sampling process was replicated at 12 minutes, 17 minutes, 22 minutes, 27 minutes, 32 minutes, 37 minutes and 42 minutes. The instrument used in this study was an electrocoagulation reactor with dimensions of 6 cm x 10 cm x 18 cm with Al and Fe electrode configurations. Treatment of domestic waste using electrocoagulation and filtration technology can remove COD parameters in the Al-Fe electrode configuration with a current of 2 A and sampling at 27 minutes with an efficiency of 95%. The most optimum removal of TSS parameters of 94% was obtained in the Al-Fe electrode configuration with a current of 2 A and taking samples at 37 minutes.
Land cover change modeling to identify critical land in the Ciletuh Geopark tourism area, Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi Regency.
Authors: Putri R A , Supriatna S
Published: January 2021

Ciletuh Geopark is one of UNESCO’s tourist attractions as one of the Global Geopark located in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, one of the most visited tourist destinations because of its beauty and role in knowledge development. It caused Geopark Ciletuh to have significant growth in facilities and accessibility, which generated land cover change that triggered the critical land. This study aims to analyze the land cover change in Ciletuh Geopark until 2030 to identify essential land. The method used in this study is Cellular Automata-Markov Chain to detect the land cover change and predict its transformation in the future with several driving factors built based on fuzzy logic. The variable contains proximity to the road, the settlement, the coastline, slope, and population density. Land cover map obtained processing Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS 2010, 2015, and 2020. This study proves that land cover changes are mainly due to housing and facilities’ need to support tourism activities. The conversion from the agricultural area that abandoned becomes shrubs. This research was expected to become a medium that will move the government and local people to make the land used well and still be the sustainable geopark.
Integration of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and constructed wetlands for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Authors: Vistanty H , Crisnaningtyas F
Published: January 2021

Pharmaceutical wastewater is a critical issue for environmental and human safety due to its resistant characteristic and toxicity. Studies reported that pharmaceutical residue and several drug metabolites have been detected in the aquatic environment and pose a high risk to humans and the ecosystem. Many technologies are ranging from conventional methods, such as activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBR), to advanced treatment, such as advanced oxidation process (AOP), or integration of more than one method. Integration of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and constructed wetlands was applied for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment discharged by one of Semarang’s pharmaceutical industry. The performance of UASB and constructed wetlands were evaluated. Up to 75% and 94% of COD removal efficiency was achieved in UASB and constructed wetlands, respectively. An average of 95% of pollutant removal was achieved by the system, indicating the stability and potential of UASB and constructed wetland integration in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
A continuous mode reactor design for industrial textile wastewater treatment through catalytic ozonation
Authors: Rame R , Yuliasni R , Pratiwi N I , Handayani N I , Setianingsih N I
Published: January 2021

A rapid catalytic process with low energy requirements gives catalytic ozone the potential to treat industrial textile wastewater in a full-scale application. However, until today, this catalytic ozone technology remains energy-consuming and, as a consequence, expensive. Thus, to overcome the bottleneck related to energy needs, this research aims to design a continuous mode reactor design to treat industrial textile wastewater through catalytic ozone, which integrated solar power plants (PLTS). In this work, a constant mode reactor design combined with an integrated sensor is investigated for industrial textile wastewater. Combining the autonomous and continuous removal of the impurities makes this continuous mode reactor excellent for the treated wastewater on the industrial textile scale.
Mapping chlorophyll-a and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) distribution in the waters of Ciletuh Bay
Authors: Annisa I , Supriatna S
Published: January 2021

The waters of Ciletuh Bay are one of the waters located in southern Java that interact directly with the Indian Ocean, which is utilized for fishing and tourism activities. Opportunities for utilization of Ciletuh bay waters in the field of fisheries need to be maximized by monitoring the quality of the bay area’s waters. Remote sensing methods can identify and analyse the results of the spectral recording of water with observations of TSS and Chlorophyll-a spreads obtained using the Budhiman algorithm et al. (2004), and the concentration of TSS results from the algorithm Wibowo et al., (1994). Observations were conducted using Citra Landsat-8 in 2019 – 2020. The results of the algorithm’s application obtained the results of TSS concentrations in the waters of Ciletuh Bay have a maximum value of >125 mg/l – 225 mg/l, and a minimum value of 6 mg/l – 15 mg/l. Chlorophyll-a concentration reaches a maximum value of 6 mg/l – 10 mg/l, and a minimum value of 3 mg/l – 5 mg/l. The same distribution pattern is indicated by both parameters: high concentrations in coastal areas and river estuaries and lower in the high seas.
Relationship of quality management system standards to industrial property rights in Indonesia using Spearman Correlation Analysis Method
Authors: Bakhtiar A , Suliantoro H , Ningsi R H , Pitipaldi K
Published: January 2021

This study examines the relationship between SNI ISO Quality Management System (QMS) Standards to Industrial Property Rights in Indonesia using Spearman Correlation Analysis. The focus of research is on the comparison of the correlation coefficient value of quality management system standards: SNI ISO 9001 QMS, SNI ISO 14001 EMS, SNI ISO 22000 FSMS, SNI ISO 13485 MD-QMS, SNI ISO 27001 ISMS, SNI ISO 16949 A-QMS with industrial property rights: patents, simple patents, industrial designs and brands in Indonesia. The test conducted was to see the data relationship between the number of QMS standard certificates to Indonesia’s industrial property rights for seven years, starting from 2009 to 2015. The Spearman Correlation method analyzes the correlation coefficient value on the development of certificate data held in Indonesia. The Spearman correlation test results show that several QMS standards have significant values that have entered the tolerance limit or have gone out of the tolerance limit for industrial property rights. This evidence suggests several quality management system standards able to contribute to the development of innovation in a country, especially Indonesia.
Numerical simulation of detailed airflow distribution in newly developed photosynthesis chamber
Authors: Nurmalisa M , Tokairin T , Takayama K , Inoue T
Published: January 2021

Predictive numerical simulation of airflow uniformity in canopy plants could provide a suitable environment for plant growth. A numerical investigation of airflow in a photosynthesis chamber was conducted using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. This research-validated the numerical model with measurements performed in a bare bottom open chamber. The chamber has bottom openings with three exhaust fans on the roof. After model validation, airflow patterns and their uniformity were evaluated in different fan arrangements and doubled air volume rates. The obtained results showed that a more uniform airflow distribution was observed with increasing the fan’s air volume rate (0.0187, 0.0172, and 0.0177 m3s−1), particularly fan in the middle position and diagonally position inside the plant with coefficients of variation of 14.36%, 9.3% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the fan’s air volume rate and moving the fan positions to the middle and diagonally can significantly help produce uniform air velocity distribution inside the plant.
Increasing environmental comfort using insect trap windows connected to DC high voltage source
Authors: Syakur A , Afrisal H , Jatmika A , Saragi Y H
Published: January 2021

A healthy and comfortable habitation in coastal areas is one of the requirements for establishing a modern society in the increasing number of water and air pollutions. On the one hand, high humidity and temperature levels reduce the convenience of settlements in coastal areas. This condition is even worsened in many houses, which are built with poor air circulation. On the other hand, when the house’s windows are opened to allow airflow, many insects such as mosquitoes will enter the room. Mosquitoes are carriers of many diseases in Indonesia, such as dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya and many more. For solving this problem, this paper proposes a solution by designing insect trap of windows connected to a DC high voltage source to exterminate mosquitoes. The source of electricity is obtained from PLN 220 Volt. The voltage from PLN is boosted to reach 3240 Volts. Our prototype has been demonstrated to exterminate a swarm of mosquitoes. When mosquitoes pass through the window trap, they will experience a short circuit, as their body is connected between negative and positive for a short period. The experiment results showed that the applied voltage of 14.6 kV was able to sting mosquitos to death. To prevent its high voltage impact and guarantee the safety of utilization, we provide a safety layer to prevent direct human contact. When it is not in use, the power source can be turned off by using wireless control.
Comparison of leachate and mixed waste generated electricity in Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs)
Authors: Samudro G , Syafrudin  , Wardhana I W , Imai T
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to compare between leachate and mixed waste produced electricity as one of the performance parameters of Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs) besides complying with compost requirements. Mixed waste as solid-phase produced from composting has higher potency to obtain electricity than leachate as the liquid phase. Composting of mixed waste was applied in CSMFCs reactor utilizing two anodes placed on leachate chamber at the bottom of the reactor and mixed waste at half of the reactor height and 1 cathode at above of two-third reactor height for electron transfer that its condition was adjusted on more or less 60% of moisture content, seven times of turning frequency, and 50:1 of initial C/N ratio during 23 days process running. The result shows that electrical production in mixed waste is a little more than leachate means that leachate and mixed waste produce the same result on power density as a total value of electricity, but the different of those in electrical production is that mixed waste produces more faster than leachate due to the first exposed electron, the faster-producing electricity.
The influence of the tillage method on watermelon yield under wind erosion
Authors: Bayrambekov Sh B , Tyutyuma N V , Sokolov A S , Boeva T V , Sokolov G F
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of comparison of the methods of spring tillage for melons in the steppe ilmeni on the Baer hillocks. Agrophysical soil properties, wind resistance, weediness and yield were determined. During the growing of watermelon sprouts, the microaggregate soil structure was wind–unstable. In crops of watermelon cultivated after plowing and deep flat–cutting cultivation, a 2.6–2.8–fold decrease in the number of weeds was observed. The highest yield of Astrakhan was obtained as a result of spring tillage – 42.1 t/ha and deep plane–cutting – 41.3 t/ha. Flat–cutting treatment and the use of the fallow preserved the stubble and contributed to a 5–11–fold reduction in sand transfer under the influence of wind.
Biological testing of powders based on Fe and Zn obtained in parsley extract
Authors: Korotkova A M , Polivanova O B , Lebedev S V , Vershinina I A
Published: January 2021

A number of metal oxide nanopowders (Fe2O3, ZnO, CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4) were synthesized in an aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum by a biological method. Physicochemical certification of synthesized nanomaterials was carried out. The data on plant cell viability of the reductases enzyme activity (WST test) were obtained against the background of seed treatment with obtained nanopowders in doses from 10–3 to 10–5 M per 4 hours and further short-term action (4, 12 and 24 hours) oxidizing agents (50 μmol H2O2). A following noticeable protective effect was exhibited by CoFe2O4 NPs (pH = 2) and CoFe2O4 (pH=10): cell viability averaged 103, 93, and 92 % respectively. Particles Fe2O3 (84 %) and zinc ferrite ZnFe2O4 both synthesized in an acidic medium (79 %) and alkaline (87 %) had a slightly smaller effect. The remaining nanometals (ZnO, Co3O4) did not have such a strong effect and their reductase activity index was no more than 73 %. The data obtained show the likelihood of using these components in improving the agricultural performance of plants in crop production, improving their growth characteristics and plant productivity.
The influence of climatic factors on the quality of livestock products obtained from different breeds of cattle
Authors: Kayumov F G , Tretyakova R F , Shevlyuk N N
Published: January 2021

The climatic conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Stavropol Territory influenced the skin of gobies of the Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and Hereford breeds. During the year, the skin of animals changed, which contributed to the adaptation of the body to the climatic conditions of the dry zone. These conditions influenced the histology and morphology of the skin of 18-month-old gobies of Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and Hereford cattle breeds (6 animals of each breed). The results of the study showed that the greatest thickness of the skin has the Kazakh white-headed bullocks (6544±153 microns). The smallest thickness of skin was in animals of the Hereford breed (5602±140 microns). Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed bulls had a higher content of fine (downy) hair than Hereford bulls did. The content of sebaceous glands in Kalmyk bulls was 1.5 times higher than that in Hereford bulls and 1.1 times higher than that in the Kazakh white-headed breed. The number of sweat glands in the Hereford breed was 1.4 times higher than that in animals of the Kalmyk breed and 1.3 times higher than that in the Kazakh white-headed. The highest content of type I collagen is detected in the skin of animals of Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed breeds. The presence of a greater thickness of the dermis in combination with an increased content of sebaceous glands in the skin indicates a higher adaptive capacity of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds of cattle to live in extreme weather conditions and affects the quality of raw materials.
Meat productivity and interior features of mongrel lambs (½ Kalmyk fat tailed + ½ Dorper) at intense feeding
Authors: Pogodaev V A , Aduchiev B K , Sergeeva N V , Pogodaeva I V
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of crossing the ewes of Kalmyk fat tailed breed with the rams of the Dorper breed to create a new genotype of the purebred sheep, as well as to assess the productive qualities and interior features of the first generation cross breed during intensive feeding in the conditions of the arid zone of Kalmykia. It was established that the crossbred rams have the best feed-efficiency by the body weight gain. In two months of feeding they consumed less dry matter per 1 kg of the body weight gain than the purebred animals by 2.11 kg, energetic feed unit (EFU) – by 2.17, exchange energy – by 21.67 MJ, crude protein – by 354.26 g. The cross breed of the experimental group showed a significantly higher content of total protein, alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT enzymes transamination in the blood and serum during all periods of the study indicating the activation of redox processes in animals. The crossbred rams significantly surpassed their purebred herdmates in terms of preslaughter body weight by 11.07 kg, chilled carcass weight – by 5.37 kg, slaughter weight – by 5.18 kg, boneless meat weight in carcass – by 4.86 kg, loin eye area – by 3.54 cm2.
Movement of seeds in the underweep space of drill coulter in the condition of pneumatic feed
Authors: Kem A A , Shevchenko A P , Evchenko A V
Published: January 2021

The analysis of various methods of sowing of grain crops showed that the introduction of indirect sowing in agricultural production contributes to the increase in their productivity. The authors propose justified structural and technological scheme of the sowing system in order to ensure a uniform distribution of seeds over the feeding area to a given depth with their subsequent seeding. The main element of the sowing system is the pneumatic seed feed. Due to the movement in the airflow, the seeds of grain crops at the moment of the concussion against the surface of the distributor have sufficient speed to reach any point on the surface under a V-shaped weep; this contributes to the uniform distribution of seeds across the entire width of the sowing strip.
Technological aspects of confectionary sunflower cultivation in arid conditions of the Crimean peninsula
Authors: Kostenkova E V , Bushnev A S , Pashtetsky V S
Published: January 2021

The reaction of large-fruited confectionary sunflower of the LFS variety to different plant density was studied in 2017-2019 in southern slightly humic chernozem in the arid conditions of the steppe zone of Crimea. It was established that the minimum plant stand within the limits of optimal density, which is not more than 30 thousand plants/ha in the climatic conditions during the years of study, allowed obtaining yield within the limits of 1.17–2.38 t/ha with seed oil content of 39.0-46.3 %. With the overcrowding of crops from 30 to 40 thousand pcs/ha, there was a tendency to decrease the indicators of structural elements of crops and the productivity of crops in general. In order to obtain large seeds (102.1–114.0 g), the optimal plant density shall be 20 thousand/ha. The maximum yield of seeds is achieved in crops with plant density of 30 thousand/ha, but the thousand-seed weight under this technology is reduced to 92.4–103.2 g.
Effect of bees’ welfare on the development and productive qualities of honeybee colonies of various breeds in the Republic of Ingushetia
Authors: Dolgieva Z M , Bazgiev M A , Dolgiev M-G M , Katsiev A-A S , Yandiev A M
Published: January 2021

In 2019, a further study is under way to evaluate morphological and economically viable traits of planned bee subspecies native to the Republic of Ingushetia. The following subspecies were studied, namely: Mountain Grey Caucasian, Carniolan Troiseck-F-1, Buckfast F-1. Mountain Grey Caucasian bees possess high genetic and adaptive potential to local environmental conditions, have quite high melliferous capacity, and in this regard are good genetic material for breeding and crossbreeding with highly productive domestic and foreign breeds.
Improvements in monofloral honey quality control
Authors: Serebryakova O V , Rusakova T M
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of determining the activity of the most important honey enzyme, invertase, depending on the impact of main technological factors, as well as identifying the minimum permissible enzyme content in raw and processed honey. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal Beekeeping Research Center. The invertase activity and diastatic number was determined by a photometric method. The honey samples were examined in five replicates. The enzyme activity was determined after 30 and 90 days of honey storage. Deep freezing of honey at a temperature of -18 °C ensured the best preservation of the invertase activity in monofloral honey that came from an assortment of plants. Pasteurization of natural honey reduced the activity of enzymes of honey that comes from different plants by an average of 71.9%. Mechanical treatment of honey reduced the invertase activity by an average of 54.7%. Based on a comparative analysis of invertase and diastatic number, invertase was found to reflect the degree of honey treatment in the best way. The research findings will result in a set of recommendations to enhance the technology for honey processing and quality control, with a subsequent introduction of this indicator in the state standard for natural honey.
Effect of presowing seed treatment on photosynthetic pigments content and enzyme activity in Hordeumvulgare L. plants
Authors: Voskobulova N I , Neverov A A , Vasilieva T N , Schukin V B , Terekhova N A
Published: January 2021

The use of nanoparticles in pre-sowing seed treatment increases the resistance of plants to pathogenic microflora, adverse weather conditions and increases the yield of crops. The study aimed to study the effect of molybdenum nanoparticles, a suspension of iron and silicon and preparations based on humic acids on the content of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Hordeumvulgare L. plants and its productivity. The content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids in different phases of plant development was determined using the standard method with Smashevsky modifications, catalytic activity according to the Ebi method, superoxide dismutase according to Hyannopolitis and Rice with some modifications of Polesskaya. Barley seed treatment with preparations based on iron, silicon, molybumum, bogum and molybdenum nanoparticles M Mo stimulates an increase in the level of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants. Using a composition created based on Fe3O4 (10–3 mg/L) and SiO2 (10–4 mg/L) nanoparticles in a 1: 1 ratio for the presowing treatment of barley seeds increases grain yield.
Impact of the use of essential trace elements (zinc, copper) on the chemical composition of perennial medicinal plants in southern Western Siberia
Authors: Zharkova N N , Suhotskaya V V , Ermohin Yu I
Published: January 2021

The studies were conduct in 2012-2018 on meadow chernozem soil in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of zinc and copper fertilizers on the chemical composition of perennial medicinal plants in the zonal soil-climatic conditions of Western Siberia. The objects of study were Achillea millefolium L., Tanacetum vulgare L. and Echinacea purpurea L. Zinc and copper fertilizers were applied in MAC fractions: 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 on the grounds N135P45K45 (A. millefolium, T. vulgare) and N125 (E.
purpurea). The use of zinc and copper fertilizers in the main application for the studied medicinal crops contributed to an increase in the accumulation of mobile forms of zinc and copper in the medicinal raw materials. On average, over the years of research in experiments with A. millefolium, T. vulgare, E.
purpurea, each kg of Zn fertilizers increased the Zn content in plants by 0.30 and 0.38, Cu - by 0.07, 0.05 and 0.03 mg / kg; while 1 kg of fertilizer added by Cu increased the Cu content by 0.47, 0.07 and 0.23, Zn by 1.40, 2.32 and 1.26 mg / kg, respectively. A synergistic relationship has been establish between the elements of Zn↔Cu and Cu↔Zn.
Environmental aspects of the use of ultrafine particles SiO2 (as exemplified by Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Aminova E V , Mushinskiy A A , Korotkova A M
Published: January 2021

The interest in the use of ultrafine particles in crop production and agricultural practice is associated with the unique properties of ultrafine particles (UFP). At the same time, it is obvious that artificial nanoobjects can have toxic properties. Therefore, for further development of nanotechnologies, a clearer understanding of both the properties of nanomaterials themselves and the mechanisms of their interaction is needed. The article presents studies on the effect of ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide on plants Solánum tuberósum. According to the results of research nano-silica at a concentration of 0.21 and 0.36 g/kg had a statistically significant effect on the number of cell integrity (a decrease to 17.1 % was observed). It was revealed that after processing potato tubers with UFP silicon oxide at a concentrations of 0.09 and 0.18 g/kg, they had a significant influence on the activity of peroxidase. The results of the studies revealed the toxicity of UFP SiO2 at a maximum dilution of 0.36 g / kg, which confirmed a decrease in the intensity of the luminosity peaks of DNA a temporally calculated linear profile. Therefore, assessing the impact of SiO2 use is of great importance for understanding the long-term environmental impact of UFP.
Practical aspects of the new approach to creating feed products based on a multicomponent mixture of sunflower fuzz-sludge and zeolite subjected to cavitation treatment
Authors: Bykov A V
Published: January 2021

The problem of waste management in Russia is one of the fundamental. Moreover, in addition to European standard, according to which our society tends to consider the fact that an effective economy can only exist on the basis of non-waste production. The level of social development for a variety of symptoms can largely be characterized by the effective use of agricultural waste. Waste oil industry are characterized by a high content of protein and fat, which makes them indispensable in balancing rations. In this context shows how to obtain feed product based on waste vegetable oil extraction industry, enriched zeolite powder. The method is based on joint ultrasound treatment of fatty foods (sunflower Pusan), and mineral – zeolite. The efficiency of the product in poultry feeding.
Measurement of soil moisture by means of resonance control
Authors: Lisichkin V G , Ashikhina L A , Bolshakova L S , Izvekova E V , Kuzina A V , Ladnova O L , Lisichkina N V , Merkulova E G
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the research of innovations in the field of improvement of resonance methods of soil moisture control with the help of capacitive sensors. Soil moisture is one of the most important indicators of the hydrological state of the land, the variability of which is determined by both the soil structure and the impact of atmospheric processes. Study of the state and spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture is necessary not only for solving local applied problems of agrotechnical character, but also for conducting fundamental research in the field of ecology, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, including the forecasting of global climate change. In order to increase the accuracy of resonance control devices, it is proposed to use multiparameter methods of measurement and linear frequency modulation of the signal that excites the measuring transducer. Analytical studies of the processes associated with the appearance of additional measurement errors arising from the influence of active losses in the controlled soil and the “drift” of resonance frequency have been carried out, and ways of reducing these errors have been identified.
Agrochemical composition of southern chernozem and humus content under different farming systems in southern Russia
Authors: Pashtetsky V S , Zubochenko A A , Turin E N , Gongalo A A
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the content of various nutrients and the amount of humus using different farming systems (the traditional and direct-sowing farming systems) on chernozem in southern Russia. The stationary experiment was conducted in 2015 (five-field crop rotation). In 2021, the first rotation will end. Agrotechnics corresponding for this region was used. Fertilizer rates were applied in equal amounts. The soil is southern chernozem on loesslike light clays. The climate with pronounced continental features is characterized by a significant change in temperatures during various periods of plant vegetation. The average annual air temperature is 10 °C, the annual precipitation is 428 mm. Sampling was carried out in the first decade of October (the first field of crop rotation). The humus content should be one of the objects of environmental monitoring. It determines quantity and quality of crops and their resistance to dehumification. A tendency toward the accumulation of humus was observed when using the direct sowing method. The use of no-till has a positive effect on humus formation, which makes it possible to obtain large yields of better quality. When using the direct sowing method, the main nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) are less accessible. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen decreases which indicates higher nitrogen content.
Semar Sandy-app: monitoring system for sandy soil irrigation based on android application
Authors: Arifin I , Herawati A , Mujiyo Sumani , Widijanto H
Published: January 2021

Indonesia’s population increase leads to increase in food needs. The increasing need for food requires national food security. However the country faces the problem of agricultural land diminishing. Sandy soil is one of the suboptimal land that can be used for agricultural cultivation. Sandy soil leads to problems such as low water-holding capacity that will result in low levels of soil moisture. Soil moisture content is a very important factor in plant growth. Accordingly, we need an alternative solution to solve the problem. One of technology used in agriculture is an irrigation system. Therefore, the author proposes an idea in forms of Semar Sandy-App. Semar Sandy-App is a monitoring system as well as a system that provides direct supply water in the plant root zone. The system uses subsurface drip irrigation with perforated pipes then water comes out of the hole to wet the soil. This system can be a solution to optimize sandy soil through efficiency and effectiveness in providing water. The system can control and monitor the plant water requirements through the use of microcontroller that is connected directly to the android system, so it will increase agricultural productivity to support the availability of food for the community.
Seasonal variation in hybrid seed adoption: The case of chilli in Indonesia
Authors: Sayekti A L , Nugrahapsari R A , Hasibuan A M
Published: January 2021

Chilli is one of important vegetables in Indonesia, which is produced all year long despite the seasonal variation. While seasonality in consumer demand and producer supply of agricultural commodities is well understood, relatively little is known regarding seasonal variation in adoption of farm technologies, such as hybrid seeds, whose effectiveness may vary across seasons. Hybrid seed adoption studies in developing countries tend to suffer from a problem of temporal aggregation where data is either (1) measured in a snapshot of time, in which case seasonal variation cannot be analysed, or; (2) aggregated over a year or multiple years, where cyclical seasonal variation is washed out. This study uncovers seasonal dynamics in hybrid seed demand by analysing the case of chilli in hybrid seed use by farmers will be critical for improving seed-system. Factor demand functions were estimated using a unique dataset of 597 chilli producers. The study tested for structural change in demand for hybrid seeds going from dry season to wet season and identify season-specific constraints to hybrid seed use. Results showed that hybrid seed adoption is likely associated with water supply, especially during dry seasons. The adoption of hybrid seed could be lower in irrigated land during the rainy season.