bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELIGIOUSLY MOTIVATED POLITICS IN DEMOCRATIC INDIA UNDER THE BJP GOVERNMENT
Authors: Qurban Zara
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of democracy is contingent upon sustainable peace and good governance, wherein individuals are granted freedom to practice their cultural and religious beliefs. In South Asia, the politicisation of religion has been a vexing issue, with dominant religious groups, both protected and non-protected, threatening democratic ideals. This paper argues that India, which is among the world's largest secular democratic states, has witnessed the emergence of fascist and authoritarian policies and manifestations under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, allowing extremist Hindutva groups and BJP to promote Hindu nationalism at the expense of other marginalised groups. The paper also highlights that the BJP government has employed religion to manipulate and mobilise individuals against minorities, jeopardising democratic values and undermining state institutions. It concludes that if the Indian government persists in practising fascistic tenets, it will have grave repercussions for regional stability and the democratic rights of minorities at home.
 
Bibliography Entry
Qurban, Zara. 2023. "Religiously Motivated Politics in Democratic India Under the BJP Government." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 176-185.
ROLE OF PAKISTANI FEMALE PEACEKEEPERS IN ENHANCING INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Malik Salma , Awan Ahmed Hasan , Ibrahim Talha
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the effectiveness of an all-gender-inclusive approach to peacekeeping missions in conflict zones, as highlighted in the UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. UN has acknowledged the importance of female peacekeepers as potential role models for girls in male-dominated societies and has taken steps to increase their numbers. Pakistan has been a significant contributor to UN Peacekeeping missions over the past six decades and has also achieved the target of deploying female soldiers in its contingent forces. This study uses qualitative methods, primarily focus group discussions, to evaluate the constructive impact of UN female peacekeepers and their potential to enhance passive compliance towards International Humanitarian Law in conflict zones. It also explores whether female peacekeepers make a unique contribution and investigates the existing gap in research on their performance and the challenges they face in the field. The study highlights the need for further research and support to address the social and cultural factors that continue to restrict the contribution of female peacekeepers, particularly from countries like Pakistan, where women face significant challenges in the security sector.   Bibliography Entry Malik, Salma, Ahmed Hasan Awan and Talha Ibrahim. 2023. "Role of Pakistani Female Peacekeepers in Enhancing International Humanitarian Law: Opportunities and Challenges." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 186-198.
Research on Orff Music Teaching Model based on the Cultivation of Students' Aesthetic Ability
Authors: Yang Yanyu
Published: August 2023

The core idea of Orff's music education system is localization, original nature and practicality. It is a kind of music that people must participate in, that is, people participate in it not as listeners, but as performers. Its purpose is to stimulate the vitality of every participant. Music education, fundamentally speaking, is the education of artistic aesthetics, not a pure skill training. Aesthetics is a kind of perceptual knowledge and a universal emotional need of human beings. People understand and observe the object world through images in aesthetic activities. In order to cultivate students' aesthetic ability and grasp the main line of aesthetic experience, aesthetic experience must be regarded as the most important value of music education. By studying Orff's music teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' aesthetic ability, this paper explores how to apply effective strategies such as rhythm reading in singing course, trying basic movements in rhythm teaching and using Orff instruments in appreciation class, so that students can integrate into and enjoy music class through various means and effective forms. Excavate students' inner needs and interests, and form musical aesthetic ability.
The Development of Modern Chinese Medicine in a Comparative Perspective of the History of Chinese and Western Medicine
Authors: Dong Shuyue
Published: August 2023

Chinese and Western medicine have different origins and have developed in different ways and with different contents. This paper focuses on a comparative study of the history of Chinese and Western medicine, tracing the development of ancient Greek medicine, the rescue and treatment of the Black Death in medieval Europe, and the medical treatment and public health represented by the prevention and treatment of smallpox in the Qing Dynasty. Chinese and Western medicine offered different paths to the rescue and treatment of disease from different perspectives. At the same time, the paper focus on the formation and development of the systematization of Chinese and Western medicine in modern times and the transformation of modern Chinese medicine under the influence of Western learning in the east. By discussing the changes in the modern Chinese medical education system - from ecclesiastical medicine to an integrated institutional training model, the further training of medical talents and finally the government's promulgation of the University Decree to provide modern By discussing the changes in the modern Chinese medical education system - from ecclesiastical medicine to an integrated institutional training model for medical personnel and finally the government’s promulgation of the University Decree to provide institutional guarantees for modern medical education, the significance of the convergence of Western and Chinese medicine for the development of modern Chinese medicine will be discussed in this paper.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Kebab Untuk Mebuka Peluang Usaha Baru Bagi Masyarakat Desa Toar di Toar
Authors: Indrawati Novita , Ramadhan Azlan , Safitri Ade Desma , Purba Suri Yulan , Sari Citra Intan , Yanti Risma , S Nurazizah , Permata Sherly Indah , Vikri Ilham , Hidayah Achmad Dadang , Maulana Andi Aprizal
Published: August 2023

Toar Village is one of the villages located in Gunung Toar District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. In Toar Village, there are still a small number of MSMEs, there are still many housewives who have free time. The purpose of implementing this Community Service is as a form of implementing Real Work Lectures (Pengabdian) at the University of Riau to provide Entrepreneurship Training related to Poverty Reduction. In addition, one of the goals of community service is also to be able to provide new ideas, as well as motivate and provide entrepreneurship training for housewives to be able to improve the family economy and the village economy. The target to be achieved is that people become creative and entrepreneurial by being able to create their own ideas about products that will be used for MSMEs. The product that will be an example in entrepreneurship training is Kebab. The method used is the Planning Method, Implementation Method, and Evaluation Method. The results of the implementation of this entrepreneurship training are expected to improve the economy.
Pelatihan Penelitian Lapangan Mahasiswa ABA and STIBA Persada Bunda Pekanbaru
Authors: Marwa Marwa , Abbas M. Fadhly Farhy
Published: August 2023

This training was carried out in response to the needs of students from Akademi Bahasa Asing (ABA) and Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Asing (STIBA) Persada Bunda Pekanbaru to conduct field research. That said, students require knowledge of field research; what is field research and its various types, how to determine a research topic, collect data, proceed with data, analyze data, and make conclusions and recommendations. Based on this, the training activities aimed at improving the abilities and broadening the knowledge of students to be capable of conducting and making a report of field research. This activity was completed over the course of one day, lasting four hours, and divided into two sessions. Students were trained on how to conduct field research in the first session. Furthermore, in the second session, participants had the opportunity to ask questions and proposed field research topics related to foreign language issues.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik Rumah Tangga menjadi Eco Enzyme di RT 04 dan RT 05 RW 02 Kelurahan Airputih
Authors: Chairul Chairul , Harissandi Dicki , Magribi Hazan , Almu’di Dwi Nanda , Breda M. Irvan , Fajria Salsa , Nengsih Mardela , Anggraini Dewi Sri , Anggraini Dwi , Yulia Rince Eka , Aprilia Revira
Published: August 2023

Garbage is one of the very serious environmental problems, improper processing causes accumulation and becomes a source of disease and will interfere with the view. So far, waste processing in Indonesia only uses the landfill and open dumping methods. However, this method is not optimal in processing waste due to discipline to the limited capacity and processes that can be carried out by TPS. Therefore, one alternative solution that can be done is to process waste from the household level, especially organic waste that can be used as eco-enzyme. Eco enzyme is a product in the form of a liquid from the processed organic waste of fresh vegetables and fruits that are fermented using brown sugar. Eco enzyme is also considered as a liquid with a myriad of benefits. The benefits that can be obtained from this liquid are as a cleaning fluid, detergent, plant fertilizer, repellent, preserving the surrounding environment, and others. Of course this is inversely proportional to organic waste if it is not treated properly and properly. Therefore, in this service, socialization and demonstration activities were carried out on the use of household organic waste into eco-enzyme and the application of the benefits of eco-enzyme as a cleaning fluid in RT 04 and RT 05, RW 02, Airputih Village, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru, Riau.

Keywords: eco enzyme, fermentation, environment, service, waste
Upaya Pencegahan Stunting dengan Pemanfaatan Singkong sebagai Sumber Pangan Lokal
Authors: Julita Julita , Marwan Arief Riva'i , Anggraini Dwi , Vianto Ibnu Mahidsa , Isnaini Isnaini , Lestari Lula Mutia , Rizky M. Nur , Fitri Nada Hidayatul , Amalia Nurul , Febriyani Quinar , Ramadhani Syahrina
Published: August 2023

Stunting occurs due to malnutrition that occurs within 1000 days of a toddler's life. This malnutrition is due to the lack of public knowledge regarding the dangers of stunting and how to prevent it. This is something that cannot be underestimated, if we look at the sustainability impact of stunting. Two Puskesmas in Desa Pekan Kamis, they found 3 who were malnourished, which had to be prevented immediately. The method uses a participatory approach, both by holding socialization related to stunting and the use of local food to prevent stunting. Local food that is widely circulated in Pekan Kamis Village is cassava, which can be used Breast Milk Complementary Food (MPASI). The level of achievement obtained is how the people of Pekan Kamis Village can use processed cassava into MPASI, and the higher level of public understanding of the importance of preventing stunting in children.
Pemberian Bibit Ayam Kampung Kepada Yayasan IBNU (Insan Berguna Nusantara)
Authors: Siswati Latifah , Nizar Rini , Ulfa A Hanifah
Published: August 2023

Yayasan IBNU (Insan Berguna Nusantara) adalah kelompok disabilitas Pekanbaru yang sebagian besar adalah penyandang disabilitas fisik. Yayasan IBNU memiliki lahan seluas 45m x 50m yang sebagian digunakan untuk usaha antara lain menanam cabe, budidaya ikan, budidaya magot dan juga telah memelihara 6 ekor ayam KUB. Salah satu permasalahan Yayasan IBNU adalah membutuhkan unit usaha yang menghasilkan produksi cepat dan jumlah ayam yang dipelihara masih sedikit. Melihat permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan menambah jumlah ayam KUB. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan tentang budidaya ayam KUB, pemberian bibit ayam KUB, pendampingan dan evaluasi untuk mengetahui pemahaman dan peningkatan pengetahuan dengan memberikan kuisioner kepada mitra. Adanya pelatihan dan penyuluhan budidaya ayam KUB dan pemberian bibit ayam KUB dapat meningkatkan pemahaman anggota Yayasan IBNU sebesar 78,67% dan setelah ayam bertelur dan melahirkan dapat menambah penghasilan dengan berjualan telur dan ayam KUB.
Seamless Integration of Edge Computing and Cloud Resources for Enhanced Data Analysis
Authors: Balakrishna Dr. E
Published: August 2023

Abstract-The primary objective of the seamless integration of edge computing and cloud resources for enhanced data analysis is to create a powerful and efficient data processing ecosystem that leverages the strengths of both edge devices and cloud infrastructure. This integration aims to provide real-time and resource- intensive data analysis capabilities, enabling organizations to make more informed decisions, respond quickly to events, and extract valuable insights from their data. It is an enhanced data analysis to create a holistic ecosystem that combines real-time responsiveness with robust analysis, enabling organizations to harness the full potential of their data for effective decision-making and innovation. In this paper we addressed what are the factors that influence and how we can improve the data privacy and security in the seamless integration of edge computing and cloud resources for enhanced data analysis Key words: edge computing, security and cloud resources
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SMALL-SIGNAL STABILITY IN DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR BASED WIND TURBINES USING MATLAB SIMULINK
Authors: Kumar Vijay
Published: August 2023

A majority of the wind turbines in use today's variable speed energy systems are double fed induction generators. We went over the goals and methods used in onshore horizontal axis wind energy turbine control. Design and implementation of control the model for the simulation and the analysis of a double-fed induction generator. Among the various technologies available for wind energy conversion the DFIG is one of the preferred solution because it offers the advantage of reduced mechanical stress and optimized power capture to variable speed operation. To facilitate the electrical production control, the separated control of active and reactive powers of such as machine is considered. The results of simulations realized under the MATLAB /Simulink software are analyzed and interpreted. Keywords--- Damping, electromechanical oscillations; power system; small-signal stability; synchronous generators, double fed induction generator. Wind energy conversion system
Energy Harvesting on Airport Runway Using Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Ibushe Shahid Arif
Published: August 2023

Abstract—Exploiting ambient sources of vibration energy has become an emerging trend in the field of energy harvesting. There are several methods by which this can be achieved, out of which piezoelectricity has emerged as one of the efficient methods. For effective application of piezoelectric devices to harvest energy, it is important to recognise the sources or areas from where a large amount of vibration energy can be exploited. In this paper we present a multimorph piezoelectric device that would be employed to harvest vibrational energy from airport run-­‐ ways. We have explored the economic impact of our proposal by hypothetically employing our system on Heathrow Airport, London. Primarily the paper focuses on material selection, basicmechanical design and the economic impact of the piezoelectric harvester. KEYWORDS:Piezoelectric, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Quartz crystal, Lead zirconate titanate (PZT),M31 bacteriophage
IoT BASED SMART ENERGY METER USING LoRa TECHNOLOGY
Authors: K Vijayakumar
Published: August 2023

The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of how smart energy meters can benefit from incorporating LoRa-WAN and IoT applications. This paper proposes the use of LoRa-WAN and IoT applications in smart energy meters to enable real-time monitoring and calculation of power consumption. In today's technology-driven world, power management is crucial for the efficient operation of digital systems, and excessive power consumption can lead to system failures. By incorporating a LoRa unit into the design, the system's communication range can be extended to multiple locations within the specified range, as LoRa supports the deployment of numerous nodes. Furthermore, LoRa's bi- directional communication capability enhances the system's functionality. Compared to Wi-Fi-based IoT systems, which typically require multiple access points to cover large areas, the proposed LoRa-based solution offers cost advantages. By implementing the suggested software version on the devices, users can monitor their power consumption remotely and take necessary actions to optimize energy usage. Keywords— Smart Energy Meters, LoRa-WAN, IoT applications, Power Consumption, Long-range Communication, Bi-directional Communication, Cost-effective Solution
Análisis no paramétrico a través de Kruskal-Wallis para evaluar a distribución sectorial y el desarrollo de las empresas dentro de la Provincia de Orellana
Authors: Zamora Mayorga Darwin Javier , Monge García Gustavo Vinicio , Ubillus Chicaiza Stefania Carolina , Moreno Paredes Mercy Aracely
Published: August 2023

La prosperidad económica de un país está estrechamente vinculada con la actividad empresariales pro ello es necesario su estudio, el propósito de esta investigación es analizar la distribución de los sectores productivos (primarios, secundarios y terciarios) y el desarrollo de las empresas dentro de la provincia de Orellana, dentro de su metodología se utilizo el modelo no paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis, además la investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, como principales resultados se puede mencionar que los sectores económicos Agricultura CIIU-A, industria CIIU-C, y comercio CIIU-G inciden en la en el desarrollo de los negocios en la provincia de Orellana. Como principal conclusión se puede determinar que las empresas pueden utilizar la distribución sectorial para planificar a largo plazo y anticipar las necesidades cambiantes de sus consumidores y empleados.
Correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate among Nigerian men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Agbo Christian A , Ramyil Venyir M , Dakum Nuhu k , Shuaibu Samaila I , Akpayak Idorenyin C , Ofoha Chima G
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate in benign prostatic hyperplasia among Nigerian men.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study that included patients who presented to the Urology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital with clinical features of BPE. Each had IPSS, Qmax and IPP measured in addition to clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS(R) version 20 (SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Appropriate test statistics were used with p-value < 0.05 considered as significant.

Results: Eighty-seven patients aged 40 - 86 years were enrolled in the study period. The means of age, IPSS, Qmax, IPP and PV - were 64.6±10.2 years, 16.7±7.6, 8.2± 3.8 ml/s, 12.9±7.0 mm and 70.1±50.3 mis respectively. IPP correlated negatively with Qmax (r=-0.519, p=0.000).

Conclusion: Intravesical prostatic protrusion measurement is non-invasive, easily accessible, reproducible and more cost effective. It showed a significant correlation with Qmax. Therefore, it is a valuable parameter - for evaluation of patients with BPH.
Trosier's sign: A Rare Presentation of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chamileke Nkomba , Bupe Chilufya , Bassem Yani , Michelo Felix , Odimba Bwana
Published: August 2023

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men globally. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands. A 65-year-old Zambian man presented with neck swelling for 3 months with mild lower urinary tract symptoms. He reported that the swelling was fast growing, painless and with no history of trauma. On examination, Trosier’s sign was present. Histology report following a lymph node incision biopsy demonstrated Adenocarcinoma. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also positive. A follow up prostate biopsy found adenocarcinoma Gleason 8. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion in older, male patients presenting with unexplained neck swelling and no known history of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Intermittent Testicular Torsion in an African Adult Patient - Sonographic Doppler findings an uncommon and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Chinene Bornface , Mutandiro Lavin , Murambasvina Damian
Published: August 2023

Testicular torsion is a well-known urological emergency most common in the paediatric population; however, testicular torsion is not all-or-none phenomenon and can be of complete or partial or intermittent types. Intermittent testicular torsion is rare and can be misdiagnosed even in a paediatric population. Testicular torsion in adults is less common and intermittent Testicular torsion in adults is even less reported and may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute Testicular pain, leading to misdiagnosis.
Bilharzial-associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Simwanza Suwilanji , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Chipalabwe Patricia , Kabwe Jane Chanda , Nyirenda Aaron , Lombe Dorothy , Kasonka Lackson
Published: August 2023

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare and devastating malignancy, usually associated with Schistosoma haematobium, particularly in bilharzia-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Little is written about the condition in pregnancy.

A 21-year-old Gravida 2 Para 1 at 28 weeks gestation presented with worsening symptoms of dysuria, increased frequency of micturition, backache, a painful suprapubic mass and haematuria over a period of 3 weeks. On examination, vital signs were normal, the height of fundus was 26cm, with a tender suprapubic mass. Extraperitoneal laparotomy revealed multiple signs of a bladder malignancy which were confirmed by histopathology as Schistosoma haematobium ova and invasive keratinising SCC of the bladder, grade 1. Intraoperatively, T4 carcinoma staging was confirmed. The patient was delivered prematurely by caesarean section due to worsening symptoms. Palliative care was instituted as the functional status of the patient did not allow for definitive management.

Subclinical urinary schistosomiasis can progress to a SCC of the bladder, presenting with symptoms implicated in conditions such as bladder lithiasis, Urinary tract infections and pregnancy. Urine cytology and mass drug administration should be enforced as means of early detection and prevention, respectively in endemic regions.
Histomorphological Spectrum and Trend of Spinal Neoplastic Lesions: A Single Institutional 40-year review
Authors: Salami Ayodeji A , Ifeanyi Nwadiokwu John , Ifeanyi Iwuagwu Emmanuel , Akanji Ajani Mustapha , Balogun Ayokunle James , Toyin OyemoladeAyofe , Augustine Adeolu Abiodun
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

Spinal tumours are known to be much less common compared to brain neoplasms. In our setting, due to poor data gathering, underreporting and probably lack of presentation to medical facilities, studies on spinal tumours are sparse. Previous studies had reported extramedullary tumours to be more common in our environment. This study examines the histomorphological spectrum of spinal tumours in an African setting, comparing it with previous observations to determine changes over the decades.

METHODS

Data was obtained from the hospital records of patients over a forty-year period. These include the patients’ age, gender and histomorphological data of all the neoplastic spinal lesions. The data was analysed using SPSS 20 statistical software.

RESULTS

Ninety four cases were seen during the study period. The tumours were more common between the third to the sixth decades of life. There was a slight male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Meningiomas were the commonest tumours seen during the study period which is in contrast to previous studies that had shown Burkitt lymphoma. The data also showed a steady rise in the number of cases during the study period suggesting an increase in patients’ presenting to the hospital and more surgical cases.

CONCLUSION

The index study showed a difference in patients demographics and the histological tumour types seen over the study period compared to the data from previous studies. This is probably due to better awareness and better diagnostic facilities.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Amonginfertile Women At The University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Lawal Olatunji , Obajimi Gbolahan , Bello Oluwasomidoyin
Published: August 2023

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is reported as the commonest cause of tubal and pelvic infection and by proxy, the commonest cause of tubal damage and female infertility. Serotypes D-K are known to cause sexually transmitted genital tract and neonatal infection. Testing for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis has been revolutionized by the development of monoclonal antibodies. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the diagnostic value of Chlamydia antibody testing.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and seventy-three women with infertility attending the gynaecology clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on all patients as part of their routine evaluation for infertility. Venous blood was obtained to detect Chlamydia Ig G antibodies using the diagnostic bio-probe (DIA.PROBE) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIZA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies specific to chlamydia trachomatis.

 Results: Positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis were recorded amongst 136 women, giving a prevalence of 49.8%. 46(33.8%) women with normal tubal appearance and 90(66.2%) with tubal disease tested positive for Chlamydia antibodies. Bilateral tubal blockage was seen in 77(28.2%), while left and right tubal blockages were seen in 35(12.8%) and 21(7.7%) respectively. The accuracy of Chlamydia antibody testing in predicting tubal patency revealed a sensitivity of 67.7% and positive predictive value of 66.1% using HSG as the gold standard. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found to be associated with age at sexual debut, history of ectopic pregnancy and previous history of abortion (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis amongst infertile women especially those with tubal disease. Risk factors associated with the infection such as early age of sexual debut, ectopic pregnancy and abortion further support the role of infectious morbidity especially with Chlamydia trachomatis.
An Audit of Computed Tomography Services in Zambia
Authors: Kafwimbi Stefan , Bwanga Osward , Sichone James Maimbo
Published: August 2023

Background: In Zambia, Computed Tomography (CT) has been available since 1994 as part of the healthcare delivery pathway. Radiographers undertake CT examinations of the body to diagnose diseases, injuries and to plan for radiotherapy.

 Objective: The aim of this study was to audit CT services in Zambia.

 Methodology: The study used a convergent parallel design in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently using an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whilst qualitative data were analysed by themes.

 Results: Out of the 23 facilities, a total of 22 responded. Results indicated that Western and Central provinces did not have CT scanners. Most CT facilities are in the Lusaka province. 59% (N=13) and 41% (N=9) were from the public and private sectors, respectively. In public hospitals, 46% (N=6) of CT scanners were functional with service contracts and 89% (N=8) were functional in the private hospitals with service contracts. 61.5 % (N=8) of public hospitals had maintenance schedules while 89% (N=8) of private hospitals had maintenance schedules. A total of 7 facilities reported having radiographers with a qualification in CT. 12 out of 22 facilities indicated having a radiologist with average patient waiting times for CT reports being 76 hours and 24 hours in public and private facilities, respectively.

 Conclusion: This audit revealed an unequal distribution of CT scanners characterised by poor maintenance and lack of service contracts, especially in public hospitals. The audit also revealed longer waiting times for CT reports in public than in private hospitals.
Is Ending Fistula within a Decade Achievable for Zambia?
Authors: Kunda Eugine
Published: August 2023

Commentary
Application of Interprofessional Education Model to University Pre-Licensure Health Students in the Management of Chronic Care Conditions in Zambia
Authors: Musenge Emmanuel Mwila , Nzala Selestine H. , Makukula Marjorie Kabinga , Wahila Ruth , Machona Penelope , Kalungia Aubrey C , Daka Harrison , Simpamba Micah , Imakando Mercy M. , Kayamba Violet , Kalusopa Victoria Mwiinga - , Soko George , Simuyemba Moses C. , Olowski Linda Kampata - , Zyambo Cosmas , Mukwato Patricia Katowa - , Chigunta Micheal , Phiri Masauso M. , Mwiinga Christabell , Kwaleyela Concepta , Kaile Trevor , Vwalika Bellington , Kafumukache Elliot , Maimbolwa Margaret C. , Goma Fastone M.
Published: August 2023

Background: There is evidence that multidisciplinary healthcare teams can provide better quality of care and treatment outcomes compared to that delivered by individuals from a single health discipline. The project on which this article is based applied the interprofessional education model to university pre-licensure health students in the management of chronic care conditions in Zambia.

Methods: Four distinct but interrelated approaches, namely desk review; module development workshops; review and validation of modules by experts; piloting and review of the training modules were employed.

Results: Several models of interprofessional education currently in existence and used successfully by higher education institutions in other settings were identified. While several models of Interprofessional Education were identified, our project adapted the “didactic program, community-based experience, and interprofessional-simulation experience” models. To apply the models, modules of seven chronic care conditions were developed and piloted. The extent to which the module activities promoted interprofessional education were rated between 74 - 87% (agree or strongly agree) by the students.

Conclusion: Three models of Interprofessional Education were identified and adapted in the project, and seven modules were developed and administered to the students. The process was effective for putting forth an interprofessional training program at the undergraduate level, with the potential to improve quality of care for patients.
Kristen Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Mutations in Colorectal Carcinomas at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Shilika Edgar P. , Mwale Maurice , Siyumbwa Stepfanie N. , Julius Peter
Published: August 2023

Background: The second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer. With an incidence rate of 4.8 per 100,000, this is Zambia’s sixth most prevalent cancer;

Methods: This laboratory-based, cross-sectional study examined the frequency of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation and its association with prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma cases from the University Teaching Hospital-Adult Hospital (UTHs), Lusaka, Zambia;

Results: Thirty (30) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples collected between June 2017 and June 2018 were sent to the Lancet laboratories and analyzed for KRAS mutations (codons 12 and 13). One FFPE block did not meet the inclusion criteria and was excluded. The demographic and clinicopathological data were analyzed using STATA 12. Males outnumber females by 20 to nine. The average age of the patient was 45 ± 16 years. The rectum was the location of 44.8% of the tumors, with the majority being conventional adenocarcinoma (CAC) (65.6 %). All cases (100%) had advanced-stage (stages 3 and 4) disease; however, only 27.6% of patient tumors exhibited lymphovascular invasion. KRAS mutation was detected in 11 (37.9%) cases and mainly in left-sided tumors (62.5%). KRAS mutations were only detected in CAC and serrated adenocarcinoma subtypes. No significant associations were observed between the KRAS mutation status and tumor or patient’s clinical and sociodemographic factors; 

Conclusion: We advocate for incorporating KRAS mutation testing into the standard of care for treating colorectal cancer.
Characteristics and Surgical Repair Outcomes of Obstetric Fistula Patients Managed at a Teaching Hospital in Zambia: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Imakando Mercy Monde , Michelo Charles , Mkandawire Tapiwa , Kasonka Lackson
Published: August 2023

Background: The obstetric fistula is a chronic maternal morbidity of global public health concern. The condition is preventable and in most cases treatable. Surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment with varying degrees of success. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics, surgical outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes of women presenting with obstetric fistulas at a Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records for all women who underwent obstetric fistula repair surgery at Women and Newborn Hospital from 2017 to 2019.  Descriptive analysis was done. Fischer’s exact test was used to measure association between surgical outcomes and variables in the model.

Results: In total, 18 out of 29 records of patients who underwent fistula repair were retrieved and analyzed. Ages ranged from 15 to 47 years, mean age 29 years. Over two thirds (72.23%) were multiparous, and over 3/4ths (77.8%) underwent caesarean section in the antecedent pregnancy. Success rate for fistula repair was 83% at 2 weeks post-operative. Study findings were inadequate to show a significant association between successful repair and factors in the model.

Conclusion: Majority of women presenting with obstetric fistula were multiparous with a history of prolonged labour, delivery by cesarean section and poor birth outcomes. The success rate for obstetric fistula repair at Women and Newborn Hospital was 83% at 2 weeks postoperative. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes.
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Blood Culture Specimens at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Mwansa Thresa N. , Mulemena John Amos , Chanda Warren
Published: August 2023

Background. Bloodstream infections (BSI) are of public health concern because they are usually associated with high fatality rate if therapy is delayed. A combination of these infections with antibiotic resistance increases healthcare costs. In this study, microorganisms identified from blood cultures at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) between 2019 and 2021 were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance patterns. 
Methods: This was a single-centre laboratory based retrospective study. Data on isolated organisms from electronic laboratory system generated reports at LUTH microbiology laboratory for a period of 3 years, was analysed with SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 765 specimens were processed and only 331 (43.3%) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 331 specimens, 61.3% and 38.7% were collected from female and male patients, respectively whereas 65.9% came from out-patient departments and 34.1% from in-patient departments. The commonest bacteria isolate was Escherichia coli (27.2%) followed by Enterobacter agglomerans (22.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%), Klebsiella oxytoca (6.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (5.4%), Citrobacter freundii (4.8%), Serratia marcescens (3.6%), Proteus mirabilis (3.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (2.7%). Of the common utilized antibiotics, ampicillin (92.9%) was the least effective drug followed by co-trimoxazole (82.7%), nalidixic acid (68.3%), penicillin (66.7%), tetracycline (63.5%), and chloramphenicol (50.3%), while imipenem (15.4%), norfloxacin (35.3%), and nitrofurantoin (38.8%) were the most effective. The patient's gender and hospital location may have an impact on antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion: The most common bacterial pathogens were Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae that showed increased resistance to various classes of commonly used antibiotics at LUTH but with low resistance to imipenem. Due to the observed multidrug resistant pathogens for BSI, it is cardinal for healthcare facilities to monitor bacteria resistance patterns regularly and encourage the prudent use of antibiotics. However, antibiotic selection for susceptibility testing should be based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and Zambia National Formulary (ZNF) recommendations to only test antibiotics1r for BSI instead of those recommended for other infections like urinary tract infections (e.g., tetracyclines).
Histopathological Subtypes of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Paediatric Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mweemba Aggrey , Mashanga Paul , Banda Justor
Published: August 2023

Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) has been shown to be a common histological presentation in children presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in developed countries. In Africa, information on clinical and histological characteristics of paediatric NS is scarce. This study assessed the characteristics and histological subtypes of NS.

Methods: This was a prospective study that consecutively indexed children aged 2-16 years with the diagnosis of NS who were referred to the largest tertiary teaching hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Thirteen children presenting with NS were biopsied under ultrasound guidance after ethical approval. The primary outcome of the study was to describe the histological characteristics of paediatric NS.

Results: Thirteen children of African descent with a median age of onset of NS of 9.25 years (2.0-15.0) were enrolled in the study. The histopathologic lesions were as follows; four had MCD, four had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), one had immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis (ICMN) and four were inconclusive. Haematuria was present in eight out of 13 patients (61.5%) and hypertension was present in five of 13 patients (38.0%). Three children did not have either haematuria or hypertension. Ten of the 13 participants had primary steroid resistance.

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the need to perform a pre-treatment renal biopsy in paediatric patients presenting with NS in view of the atypical presentation, variable histopathologic findings, and unpredictable response to steroid therapy.
An 86-Year-Old Male with Metastasized Cancer Treated with External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Case Report from Zimbabwe
Authors: Mushosho Eucaria , Motsi Gracious , Musiwarwo Fadzai , Chinene Bornface
Published: August 2023

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men. Incidence increases drastically after the age of 50, however, it is more common in males above the age of 65. Prostatic cancer is asymptomatic in its early stages, i.e., when it is still localized, hence most patients present with late-stage cancers. Patients with late-stage prostate cancer usually present with urethral obstruction, nocturia, narrow stream, and they rarely present with pain or stiffness caused by bony metastases. The common treatment for late-stage prostate cancer is hormonal therapy. We herein present a case of an 86-year-old male who presented with metastasized prostate cancer. The cancer had metastasized to the head of the femur and there was bone fracture in the neck of the femur as well. The patient received external beam radiotherapy as palliative treatment due to the limited resources in Zimbabwe. The patient did not come for follow up review and hence it was not possible to conclude whether the external beam treatment was an effective palliative treatment. The learning points in this case are as follows: stage at presentation of man with cancer of the prostate in comparison with what literature say, management done in comparison to the recommended management guidelines, follow up strategies to minimize patients absconding follow up reviews and how loss of follow up to patients treated affect future evidence-based management of patients.
MUSIC CONCERT PROMOTERS’ CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE EVENTS FOR SDGS
Authors: Elvira Dian , Pratomo Luki Adiati
Published: August 2023

The Sustainable Development Goals provide an opportunity for each industry to move towards sustainability. To increase awareness of sustainability issues, event promoters encounter various challenges in planning and organizing sustainable music concerts. This study aims to identify the challenges of achieving sustainable events in organizing two music concerts held in Jakarta, Indonesia from the promoters’ perspective as an effort towards the Sustainable Development Goals. This study used a qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 stakeholder representatives to find out the role of decision-makers in planning music concerts. Documents and information from the organizers were used to complete the qualitative analysis. The results showed that sustainable events cannot be applied comprehensively in organizing music concerts. There were obstacles from external and internal promoters in their preparation which affected the decision-making so that they became factors hindering the implementation of sustainable principles in organizing music concerts. The challenges for promoters in preparing for music concerts are the ignorance of stakeholders regarding the environmental impacts, the unprepared facilities, infrastructures to support sustainability, and socialization to achieve sustainable development goals. This research contributes to policymakers by revealing promoter barriers to sustainable events for achieving sustainable development goals.
Psychological Well-being and Quality of Life among the Indigenous Elderly Ecuadorians
Authors: Makwana Gautam , Elizabeth H
Published: August 2023

The current study aims to measure the levels of psychological health and life satisfaction among older persons in Ecuador. There were 280 elderly people from the Cañari indigenous village of Cuenca, Ecuador whose ages ranged from 65 to 100 (Mage = 1.4643, DE =.49962) were assessed through online interviews conducted over the phone and email. A study using sociodemographic records, Ryff Psychological well-being questionnaires, and WHOQOL AGE found low and very low levels of psychological well-being and quality of life in the elderly population. The study concluded that there is no direct relationship between these factors.
Investigation of Acute Toxicity and Biological Activity of an Extract obtained on the Basis of a Local Medicinal Herbal Collection
Authors: Tazhidinovna Akhranova Sokhiba
Published: August 2023

The presented article describes the results of research work on the alimentary and hemolytic anemic effect of herbal decoction of medicinal properties, which is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The extract of the sum of decoctions of medicinal plants was administered orally to experimental rabbits for 60 days in an amount of 10 ml / kg and 25 ml / kg, and their antianemic activity was assessed by such indicators as the number of shaped blood elements, as well as the general condition of experimental animals and changes in weight. Extract of tincture of sum of medicinal plants in studies of therapeutic effect in alimentary anemia on the other hand, already on the 7th day of treatment, the effect against hemolytic anemia began to manifest itself in less than 21 days, and it becomes more intense until the end of the experiment. These effects were manifested by a positive change in the number of shaped blood elements, an improvement in the general condition of experimental animals, a significant increase in appetite, and the restoration of lost body weight. This entails extensive scientific studies of the activity and mechanism of action of this tincture against the background of various anemia.
Characterization of a Commercial Grade Humic Acid (HA) and Its Impact on Soil Properties and the Yield of Maize
Authors:   Department of Soil and Environmental Management, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria, K. Agboola,
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted at the Prince Audu Abubakar University Research and Demonstration Farm, Anyigba, during the 2020 farming season. The broad objective of this research was to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) on soil properties, growth and yield of maize in southern guinea savannah. The parameters measured includes, plant height (cm), number of leaves, stem girth (cm), fresh cob weight (g), dry cob weight (g), fresh biomass (g), dry biomass (g), cob length (cm) cob diameter(cm), 100 grains weight (g) and total yield (kg). The experiment had eight (8) treatments (T1 = Control, T2 = HA10, T3= HA20, T4= HA30, T5= RNPK, T6= 1/3RNPK+HA30, T7= 1/2RNPK+HA30 and 2/3RNPK+HA30) which were replicated three (3) times and the experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD). From the result obtained, the HA concentrate has high pH (10.07), high in carbon (36.48) and high HA percentage (92.00). Pre-cropping soil analyses confirm the soil to be acidic (4.85), low in nutrient and the textural class is sand. Post-cropping soil analyses showed HA10 helped reduce soil pH the most (5.22) and application of HA generally help increase the concentration of micronutrients. The application of HA on maize had no significant (p<0.05) influence on the plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and most of the yield parameters tested with the exception of 100grain weight and total yield. Treatment 2/3RNPK+HA30 had a seed weight (21.50) which is statistically same with treatment RNPK (21.67).The total yield of maize gotten in this study showed that treatment HA10 had the highest yield (2.93) after treatment RNPK (3.53).Therefore, long term studies are required in the study location to know if positive responses will be observed on soil properties and growth of crops with the application of HA.