bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Frage der Vena profunda glandis des Rüden
Authors: Nitschke Th.
Published: September 2010

Entstandene Zweifel am Vorhandensein einer V. profunda glandis des Rüden konnten durch erstmalige Abbildung ihres korrosionsanatomischen äquivalents behoben werden.

The existence of a deep vein in the glans penis in the dog

It was possible to demonstrate for the first time, using a corrosion technique, a deep glans vein (V. profunda glandis) in the dog. There has hitherto been doubt as to whether this vein was present in this species.

Sur l'existence d'une veine profonde du gland (V. profunda glandis) chez le Chien

Il fut possible de faire pour la première fois une préparation anatomique par corrosion de la V. profunda glandis dont l'existence avait été mise en doute chez le Chien.

El problema de la vena profunda del glande en el perro

Las dudas sobrevenidas acerca de la existencia de una vena profunda del glande en el perro se ptidieron desatar mediante la primer reproducción de su equivalente corrosión‐anatómico.
THE LIMITS OF INTIMATE CITIZENSHIP: REPRODUCTION OF DIFFERENCE IN FLEMISH‐ETHIOPIAN ‘ADOPTION CULTURES’
Authors: DE GRAEVE KATRIEN
Published: September 2010

The concept of ‘intimate citizenship’ stresses the right of people to choose how they organize their personal lives and claim identities. Support and interest groups are seen as playing an important role in the pursuit of recognition for these intimate choices, by elaborating visible and positive cultures that invade broader public spheres. Most studies on intimate citizenship take into consideration the exclusions these groups encounter when negotiating their differences with society at large. However, much less attention is paid to the ways in which these groups internalize the surrounding ideologies, identity categories and hierarchies that pervade society and constrain their recognition as full citizens. In contrast, this paper aims to emphasize the reproduction of otherness within alternative spheres of life, and to reveal the ambiguities and complexities involved in their dialectic relationship with society at large.

To address this issue, the paper focuses on the role that ‘adoption cultures’ of Flemish adoptive parents with children from Ethiopia play in the pursuit of being recognized as ‘proper’ families and full citizens. The ethnographic research among adoptive parents and adoption professionals shows a defensive discourse and action that aims at empowering against potential problems, as well as a tendency to other the adoptive child by pathologizing its non‐normativity. By showing the strong embeddedness of adoptive families' practices of familial and cultural construction in larger cultural frames of selfing and othering, characterized by biologism and nativism, one begins to understand the limits of their capacity to realize full citizenship.
The Demise of the Mutual Organizational Form: An Investigation of the Life Insurance Industry
Authors: ERHEMJAMTS OTGONTSETSEG , LEVERTY J. TYLER
Published: September 2010

We investigate the role of organizational structure in financial services markets by examining the U.S. life insurance industry. Traditionally, stock and mutual life insurers were equally represented, but now the industry is mainly composed of stock firms. We find operational efficiency, access to capital, and tax savings are important determinants for this shift. The incentive to demutualize differs by the type of conversion: full demutualization is chosen for efficiency and access to capital reasons and partial conversion, using a mutual holding company, is chosen for tax savings. Firm operational efficiency improves after conversion. We also find the efficiency of the stock organizational form dominates that of the mutual structure during our sample period, 1995 to 2004.
Coming Together for Action: The Challenge of Contemporary Grassroots Community Organizing
Authors: Pilisuk Marc , McAllister JoAnn , Rothman Jack
Published: September 2010

The question of what role remains for grassroots community organizing in the postindustrial, global‐information society is up for timely review. Can local organizing restore communities in need? Can such activity prevent global technologies and economies from destroying the foundations and the habitats of all living communities? We first identify what is distinct about grassroots community action. This discussion is built around three concepts: social action, locality development, and empowerment. The postindustrial milieu has exacerbated the need for grassroots activity, but has created new impediments to such activity. The global emergence of grassroots organizing is noted and three problematic issues—the role of the outside expert, the use of specialized information, and connections to coalitions and larger social movements—are discussed. Finally, we look at the place of local organizing in current social movements.
Effect of Extracted Housefly Pupae Peptide Mixture on Chilled Pork Preservation
Authors: Wang Yansheng , Dang Xiangli , Zheng Xiaoxia , Wang Juan , Zhang Wenqing
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The peptide mixture from housefly pupae has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity but has not previously been reported as a food preservative. In this study, the preservation effects of a housefly pupae peptide mixture, nisin, and sodium dehydroacetate (DHA‐S) on the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), and pH value of chilled pork were compared. All results showed that a good preservation effect was observed among 3 treatments with the peptide mixture of housefly pupae, nisin, and DHA‐S and that there was no significant difference among them. These results indicate that housefly peptide mixture has a great potential as a food preservative. The results of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy suggest that the primary mechanism of housefly pupae peptide mixture may be bacterial cytoplasmic membrane lysis and pores induced in the membranes.

Practical Applications:  Peptide mixture extracted from housefly pupae using low‐cost and simple method has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. According to the effect on chilled pork preservation, extracted housefly peptide mixture has a great potential as a food preservative.
The Impact of Antioxidant Addition on Flavor of Cheddar and Mozzarella Whey and Cheddar Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Liaw I.W. , Eshpari H. , Tong P.S. , Drake M.A.
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Lipid oxidation products are primary contributors to whey ingredient off‐flavors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of antioxidant addition in prevention of flavor deterioration of fluid whey and spray‐dried whey protein. Cheddar and Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured in triplicate. Fresh whey was collected, pasteurized, and defatted by centrifugal separation. Subsequently, 0.05% (w/w) ascorbic acid or 0.5% (w/w) whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) were added to the pasteurized whey. A control with no antioxidant addition was also evaluated. Wheys were stored at 3 °C and evaluated after 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 d. In a subsequent experiment, selected treatments were then incorporated into liquid Cheddar whey and processed into whey protein concentrate (WPC). Whey and WPC flavors were documented by descriptive sensory analysis, and volatile components were evaluated by solid phase micro‐extraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Cardboard flavors increased in fluid wheys with storage. Liquid wheys with ascorbic acid or WPH had lower cardboard flavor across storage compared to control whey. Lipid oxidation products, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal increased in liquid whey during storage, but liquid whey with added ascorbic acid or WPH had lower concentrations of these products compared to untreated controls. Mozzarella liquid whey had lower flavor intensities than Cheddar whey initially and after refrigerated storage. WPC with added ascorbic acid or WPH had lower cardboard flavor and lower concentrations of pentanal, heptanal, and nonanal compared to control WPC. These results suggest that addition of an antioxidant to liquid whey prior to further processing may be beneficial to flavor of spray‐dried whey protein.

Practical Application:  Lipid oxidation products are primary contributors to whey ingredient off‐flavors. Flavor plays a critical and limiting role in widespread use of dried whey ingredients, and enhanced understanding of flavor and flavor formation as well as methods to control or minimize flavor formation during processing are industrially relevant. The results from this study suggest that addition of an antioxidant to liquid whey prior to further processing may be beneficial to minimize flavor of spray‐dried whey protein.
Enhanced Anthocyanin Extraction from Red Cabbage Using Pulsed Electric Field Processing
Authors: Gachovska Tanya , Cassada David , Subbiah Jeyamkondan , Hanna Milford , Thippareddi Harshavardhan , Snow Daniel
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on anthocyanin extraction from red cabbage using water as a solvent. Mashed cabbage was placed in a batch treatment chamber and subjected to PEF (2.5 kV/cm electric field strength; 15 μs pulse width and 50 pulses, specific energy 15.63 J/g). Extracted anthocyanin concentrations (16 to 889 μg/mL) were determined using HPLC. Heat and light stabilities of the control and PEF‐treated samples, having approximately the same initial concentrations, were studied. PEF treatments enhanced total anthocyanin extraction in water from red cabbage by 2.15 times with a higher proportion of nonacylated forms than the control (P < 0.05). The heat and light stabilities of the PEF‐treated samples and control samples were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Practical Application:  An innovative pretreatment technology, pulsed electric field processing, enhanced total anthocyanin extraction in water from red cabbage by 2.15 times. Manufacturers of natural colors can use this technology to extract anthocyanins from red cabbage efficiently.
Toxicity Study of Ethanolic Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Rats
Authors: Li Liping , Gu Liqiang , Chen Zhongjian , Wang Ruwei , Ye Jianfeng , Jiang Huidi
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CME) has many pharmacological effects, and the effective components of CME are luteolin and apigenin which have been reported with cytotoxicity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of CME in Sprague–Dawley (S–D) rats. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 15 g/kg body weight (bw) CME was administered to rats, then the rats were observed for 14 d. No treatment‐related death was observed, and the maximal tolerance dose estimated was greater than 15 g/kg bw in rats. In the long‐term toxicity study, the rats were administered daily by gavage at dose levels of 320, 640, and 1280 mg/kg bw/d for consecutive 26 wk followed by 4 wk recovery period. The results showed that no toxicological changes in body weight, food, and water consumption, hematologic examination, blood biochemical examination, organ weight, and microscopic histopathologic examination were found in any treatment group. Therefore, CME is considered to be safe in general in rats at the limited dose level.
Effect of Spray Nozzle Design on Fish Oil–Whey Protein Microcapsule Properties
Authors: Legako Jerrad , Dunford Nurhan Turgut
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Microencapsulation improves oxidative stability and shelf life of fish oil. Spray and freeze drying are widely used to produce microcapsules. Newer spray‐nozzles utilize multiple fluid channels allowing for mixing of wall and core materials at the point of atomization. Sonic energy has also been employed as a means of atomization. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nozzle type and design on fish oil encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule properties. A total of 3 nozzle types, a pressure nozzle with 1 liquid channel, a pressure nozzle with 2 liquid channels, and a sonic atomizer with 2 liquid channels were examined for their suitability to encapsulate fish oil in whey protein isolate. Physical and chemical properties of freeze dried microcapsules were compared to those of microcapsules produced by spray drying. The 2‐fluid pressure and ultrasonic nozzles had the highest (91.6%) and the lowest microencapsulation efficiencies (76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in bulk density of microcapsules produced by ultrasonic and 3‐fluid pressure nozzles. The ultrasonic nozzle showed a significantly narrower particle size distribution than the other nozzles. This study demonstrated that new nozzle designs that eliminate emulsion preparation prior to spray drying can be beneficial for microencapsulation applications. However, there is still a need for research to improve microencapsulation efficiency of multiple channel spray nozzles.

Practical Application:  Since this research evaluates new spray nozzle designs for oil microencapsulation, the information presented in this article could be an interest to fish oil producers and food industry.
Creativity and Control: Innovation in the ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Adams James L.
Published: September 2010

INNOVATION REPRESENTS both opportunity and risk. The challenge is to build an organizational environment that, on the one hand, stimulates creativity and, on the other, offers boundaries and guides development. Conflicts are inevitable, so Adams analyzes five factors in this balancing act – increased awareness of process; ideas; availability of resources; reward systems and organizational understanding – that are essential to a successful innovation strategy.
Creativity Behind the Scenes: Personal Insights on INNOVATION in the SOFTWARE INDUSTRY
Authors: Rossotti Charles , Kosnik Thomas
Published: September 2010

AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS develops sophisticated computer systems to solve complex management problems. Its innovations are creating products that help client organizations “transcend the present.” CEO Charles Rossotti discusses the interdisciplinary team approach that makes this possible, how goals are defined and shared in his own organization, and the “design first” process that offers designers and clients an early opportunity to better understand needs and the innovative products that might satisfy those requirements.
DESIGN INNOVATION: Renewing the Troubled Building Industry
Authors: Vonier Thomas
Published: September 2010

INA FIELD DOMINATED by aesthetic criticism, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish genuine innovation in architecture. Here, several recent and significant advances are highlighted. More than simply reciting a litany, however, Vonier articulates what constitutes architectural innovation, describes the environments that nurture this kind of creativity and outlines an agenda for future research and development.
MANAGEMENT MUSINGS
Authors: Odette Jack
Published: September 2010

WITH 16 YEARS AS the executive in charge of all of the corporate communication and design components at Citibank, Jack Odette shares his personal experience and insights on such topics as the scope of work, quality, technology, personnel management, and alternatives for balancing internal and consultant operations — all essential concerns in the service design equation.
Design in the SERVICE INDUSTRIES
Authors: Hollins William J.
Published: September 2010

AN ESSENTIAL BUT often neglected element of successful service design is a carefully crafted specification. William Hollins highlights the importance of market research and product champions in this critical, up‐front effort and identifies specific features that should be included in such a specification.
INFORMATION DESIGN for Professional Services
Authors: Gallienne Thomas
Published: September 2010

THE TECHNOLOGY FOR handling and sharing information is becoming more sophisticated, and the options and need for providing clients with information services is expanding. In this context, Thomas Gallienne believes the designer can make significant contributions in standardizing how data is presented, integrating information formats company‐wide, and organizing output for maximum productivity and accessibility.
INFORMATION AND ADVICE: Innovations and Product Delivery for Financial Services
Authors: Bachman Timothy A.
Published: September 2010

INA RETAIL SERVICE such as banking, design can be exploited to create personal and ongoing relationships with customers. What Timothy Bachman makes clear is that achieving this objective requires a thorough understanding of the consumer purchase cycle and a creative, interdisciplinary design management response to those needs in the areas of environmental planning, merchandise presentation, and information delivery.
Intelligent Design in the SERVICE SECTOR
Authors: Green Kevin W.
Published: September 2010

ACCORDING TO KEVIN Green, the “intelligent building” in the service sector is one whose spaces and systems help users achieve their corporate strategy. It must enhance performance and respond to the dynamics of changing assignments and company focus. The intent of this essay is to outline specific recommendations that enable managers to address these issues of productivity and flexibility in the design of the work environment.
A Research Agenda from the Design Manager's Perspective
Authors: Keefe Linda
Published: September 2010

A FUNDAMENTAL DEBATE in any research forum is the appropriate balance between theoretical/speculative research and projects with pragmatic or applied objectives, and design management research is no exception. Some want exploration of generic subjects such as “creativity” and “decision‐making strategies,” while others seek more specific results on narrower topics such as consumers' criteria for quality, or the impact of material selection on design and production. This Executive Perspective is devoted to hearing from three design managers who articulate their understanding of this discipline and the questions they believe should be part of a broad design management research program.
Outside the Guidelines: BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES on Design Implementation
Authors: Aslin Robin
Published: September 2010

TRADITIONALLY, unauthorized modifications to an organization's design standards have been explained by focusing on external causes, particularly the appropriateness of a design to a culture, market, or customer. Robin Aslin, on the other hand, proposes that such changes may be attributable to internal forces‐contemporary “tribal” signals, if you will‐as a group within a company seeks to articulate its identity and value.
DESIGN BENCHMARKS
Authors: Finiw Maryann
Published: September 2010

AN ESSENTIAL OBJECTIVE in design management research is to make explicit the concepts, relationships, and processes that up to now may have been hidden by the predominance of other important business concerns or obscured under the guise of artistic intuition. To this end, Maryann Finiw's contribution is—based on a broad case‐study analysis—to identify a precise framework of issues and questions that the manager/executive can use to link design strategy to organizational success.
CREATIVITY AND DESIGN: Partners in Excellence
Authors: Rickards Tudor
Published: September 2010

TUDOR RICKARDS BELIEVES that creativity—that process that enables people to discover new and meaningful ideas—is a universal human characteristic. This premise allows him to discount notions that distinguish between creative and non‐creative individuals and search instead for theories that explain the creative process in general and for exercises and programs that stimulate long‐term creative results.
One Story of New Product Development: WHAT CAN WE LEARN?
Authors: Ingols Cynthia
Published: September 2010

IN THE AREA OF new product development, the design discussion is traditionally a rich mix of voices and perspectives. In addition to the appropriate blend of talents, Cynthia Ingols' interest is in exploring the balance of freedom and discipline, ad hoc and structured communications that enhance the development process. She comments on techniques that help generate trust, provide opportunities for learning and the exchange of information, and establish project focus and consensus.
THE BRITISH DESIGN COUNCIL: A Mission Redefined
Authors: Owen Ivor
Published: September 2010

THE OLDEST ORGANIZATION of its kind, the British Design Council has seen its structure and programs widely emulated. What is interesting is that, under the direction of Ivor Owen, the Council's consumer focus has been replaced by strategies that address specific industries, government policy, and education. Owen discusses the rationale for this metamorphosis, and reveals how his staff exploits a regional approach and targets key “intervention points” to maximize the impact of its modest resources.
From Hewers of Wood to Creators of VALUE
Authors: Cohen Howard
Published: September 2010

THE FORMAL INAUGURATION of Canada's Design Exchange (DX) will take place during the Spring of 1994. However, as Howard Cohen explains, when the doors are opened, this organization will already be off to a running start. DX's mission is to promote design as a resource that adds value and enhances the competitiveness of Canadian products and services, and many activities are underway or planned: partnerships with corporations, educational institutions, and design professionals, and exhibitions and outreach to the general public.
A New Era for DESIGN CENTERS
Authors: Kimura Kazuo
Published: September 2010

NAGOYA IS SITUATED in Japan's premier industrial and technological district. It is also a community shaped by a post‐World War II urban plan noted for its generous open spaces and landscaping. With this design heritage, it is not surprising that, in 1989, the city was the site of the World Design Exposition and the largest ICSID Congress ever convened. Today, Kazuo Kimura outlines how the city is extending its traditional design awareness with its ambitious project for a design center hallmarked by a museum, research center, shops, and an extensive program for education and outreach.
The Soup, the Bowl, and the Place at the Table
Authors: Walker David
Published: September 2010

WHILE DAVID WALKER CONFIRMS it is not feasible to document the precise components and steps in creative processes, his provocative analysis does articulate essential elements inherent in any creative organizational environment. The soup is the mix of factors that stimulates creativity with respect to a particular project. The bowl is the management structure that nurtures creative outcomes in general. And the table is the context of leadership and vision that focuses creative energies towards innovative but realizable objectives.
Ecologically Affirmative Concept Formation: A Deeper Shade of Green
Authors: Kusz John Paul
Published: September 2010

THE EXAMPLES are from the realm of design and industrial technology; but the strategies John Paul Kusz outlines have broad application. His message is that, in the product development process, designers must regard themselves as environmental stewards. In this context, the concept stage of a project must include a “Life Cycle Assessment” that, beyond function and form, evaluates objects as part of an environmental system that starts with the acquisition of raw materials and ends with recycling and other forms of waste management.
Maximizing Designers' Impact on Market Success through Product Definition
Authors: Wilson Edith
Published: September 2010

IN EDITH WILSON'S ANALYSIS, designers in the 1990s face new challenges that make them key players in the critical product‐definition stage of high‐tech projects. They must help keep the multidisciplined development team focused on customer needs. They must exploit their visualization skills to translate input from areas as diverse as marketing and manufacturing into viable product concepts. And they must work to unite a company's line into a family of aesthetically and functionally related products.
Concept Engineering: A Complete Product‐Concept Decision‐Support Process
Authors: Burchill Gary
Published: September 2010

IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT, “getting it right the first time” is the dream of every manager. What Gary Burchill wanted to distill from his corporate‐based research was a strategy that would allow decision‐makers to come as close to that ideal as possible. Concept Engineering is the result, a step‐by‐step process and analytical tools that refine the concept‐development stages of a project in ways that shorten the time to market by substantially reducing misdirected efforts and changes.
Industrial Design Made Easy: Three Steps to Communicating Value
Authors: Vossoughi Sohrab , McCallion Steve
Published: September 2010

WHILE NUMBERS CAN PROVIDE impressive measures of design performance, the contribution of design must also be communicated on a personal level. In an essay about the interface among clients and consultants, Sohrab Vossoughi and Steve McCallion articulate the issues the award‐winning ZIBA Design firm stresses to convey the quality creativity and value of its services. Interestingly the guidelines and lessons outlined in the article are as applicable to internal as they are to external design groups.
A Means to Our Ends: 3D CAD Tools Help to Accomplish Design Goals in the ‘90s
Authors: Harkins Jack
Published: September 2010

TODAY A CONSTANT STREAM of high‐tech tools is promoted as essential to improving the management of design and maximizing the benefits of design resources. Where is the truth in this hype? In the first of two short views on this topic, Jack Harkins discusses why he believes CAD and other high‐tech devices, while no substitute for talent, can dramatically leverage creative options and processes.
Confessions of a RELUCTANT TECHNOLOGIST
Authors: Diffrient Niels
Published: September 2010

IN A DESIGN WORLD that increasingly depends on high‐tech tools, Niels Diffrient proposes that creativity can easily flourish without the aid of advanced technology Design needs a human touch, he insists. But more than that, he notes how computers compartmentalize, break activities into isolated steps, and focus on rigid logic and literal meanings. As Diffrient sees it, this contradicts the synthetic nature of design and the need to incorporate symbolic, abstract, and ambiguous thinking as dimensions of the design process.
Towards the DESIGNERA: The Evolution of the Designer as Functional Interface with Marketing and Engineering
Authors: Ellis Seth R.
Published: September 2010

SETH ELLIS BELIEVES that designers will increasingly be called upon to act as integrators, beginning with the earliest stages of the product‐development process. Contrasting this scenario with the “engineering era” of the 1970s and the “marketing era” of the 1980s, he explains that designers—with modest training in engineering and marketing—have the unique ability to create “visions” for future products that combine technical and manufacturing input with “softer” information on customer needs and priorities.
THE OBJECTIVES MATRIX: A Practitioner's Perspective
Authors: Olstead C. E. , Kurland R. S. , Jackson J. T.
Published: September 2010

COLLABORATION IS MORE EFFECTIVE when there are tools to measure team performance. One such tool is the Objectives Matrix, which is particularly valuable because it provides quantitative evaluations as a project is being developed and executed. With this timely feedback, managers are able to make mid‐course adjustments to improve results. Here Christopher Olstead and colleagues Ralph Kurland and James Jackson, Jr. discuss the advantages of the Objectives Matrix, and describe its application to a $250 million building program.
The Value of a PRACTICE‐ORIENTED Design Education: Art Center College of Design
Authors: Molnar Imre J.
Published: September 2010

THE ART CENTER COLLEGE OF DESIGN has an international reputation for excellence in training design professionals. With campuses in California and Switzerland, and the possibility of a third in Japan, the influence of this institution and its 11,000 alumni is renowned. Imre Molnar explains that much of this success can be attributed to a curriculum that works hand‐in‐hand with corporations to combine an emphasis on creativity and cultural concerns with very practical instruction in communications, management, technology, and environmental issues.
A Role‐Based Approach to Design‐Management EDUCATION
Authors: Williamson Jack
Published: September 2010

BECAUSE IT CROSSES NUMEROUS functional boundaries, a business school's introductory design‐management course is challenged to offer a broad overview that is something more than an inventory of business‐design concerns. For Jack Williamson this means presenting the material in the framework of six key organizational roles—design spotter, design researcher, design advocate, design client, design manager, and design critic—that reveal the vital nature of design issues through the emphasis his approach places on action and decision‐making.
Perspectives on Cross‐Functional Design‐Management EDUCATION
Authors: Bruce Margaret , Davies‐Cooper Rachel
Published: September 2010

THE GOOD NEWS is that the discipline of design management is finally standing on its own. As Margaret Bruce and Rachel Davies‐Cooper report, its presence in business and design‐school curricula takes many forms, but it is there. The challenges ahead include developing better methods for cross‐functional teaching and student interaction, expanding the “library” of course materials and student exercises, and evaluating which, among the various pedagogical strategies being implemented, hold the most promise.
Marketing, Design, and Education: Cross‐Functional Integration and Design Communication
Authors: Smith Gerald E. , Loose Duane M.
Published: September 2010

DESIGN AND MARKETING are natural partners. The difficulty, particularly in the classroom, is conveying the richness of that relationship and strategies that facilitate a dialogue between the two disciplines. Gerald Smith and Duane Loose have some suggestions. The course they outline begins with a clear definition of teamwork and its impact on organizational goals, stresses the need for design input at the earliest “concept” stages of the development process, and involves students in a project that pairs design criteria with the tools of marketing.
When Worlds Collide: Managing Perceptions After the Acquisition
Authors: Sarai Maurice C.
Published: September 2010

THE ACQUISITION of a company is a true test of how well a corporation manages organizational perceptions. Here, Maurice Sardi explains how he handled this kind of challenge after Westinghouse acquired Knoll International and combined it with two other very different furniture‐making companies. In this case, the introduction of new products and services was used as a key element in delivering the message that the just‐formed Knoll Group would offer customers a unique combination of quality design and value.
Slovenians Money—A Message to the World
Authors: Tomanic Mili , Hartman Linda
Published: September 2010

MILI TOMANIC AND LINDA HARTMAN add new meaning to the phrase “money talks.” In this profile on the design of banknotes for the new Republic of m Slovenia, they point out how the portraits, text, and graphics of the currency highlight history and individual talent as key elements in the identity of the new nation, while simultaneously creating an image of the country as confident, dynamic, and looking forward to stronger ties with the West.
Don't Image Your POSITION, Express Your CHARACTER
Authors: Laundy Peter , Rogers Susan Thornton
Published: September 2010

“Position” and “character” are terms at the heart of the identity business. Peter Laundy's and Susan Thornton Rogers' contribution is to draw clear distinctions between the two and persuasively argue that articulating character can be a particularly durable, credible, powerful, and cost‐effective identity strategy. Their discussion is rich with specific comparisons and examples and concludes with a number of recommendations for initiating the shift from a Position Imaging to a Character Expressing organization.
SHAPING THE NEW CORPORATE VOICE: The Challenge of Heeding Customer Voice
Authors: Sethia Nirmal
Published: September 2010

IN DEVELOPING A STRONG corporate voice, companies can start by probing the personalities and values within their own organizations. Executives should keep in mind, however, that this task also requires a keen awareness of customer priorities. Building on principles derived from Total Quality Management, Nirmal Sethia examines three important external/customer criteria that should influence the design of a corporate voice—functional needs, subjective preferences, and social imperatives.
How We Developed “Communicating Caterpillar: One Voice”
Authors: Briggs Bonnie
Published: September 2010

FOR CATERPILLAR, CORPORATE VOICE requires wisdom, not rules. Recently the global company decentralized, and each unit, in the face of growing competition, has tried very carefully to define its mission and its products. As Bonnie Briggs explains, this complex situation has led to a strategy where, while there are certain uniform, corporate‐wide identity standards, many critical communications elements are developed by individuals trained in understanding Caterpillar's voice generally rather than knowing how to look specifics up in a catalogue of design guidelines.
PROCESSES for Managing Identity, Image, and Design
Authors: Simonson Alex , Schmitt Bernd H. , Marcus Joshua
Published: September 2010

RECOGNIZING DESIGN as an organizational resource, a key concern is devising methods for productively managing this essential asset. Alex Simonson, Bernd Schmitt, and Joshua Marcus propose an approach they refer to as Corporate Aesthetics Management, a system that combines the talents of executives, consultants and designers in a four‐stage team process that moves from analysis and strategy to design and quality control.
MATERIALIZING CULTURE
Authors: Waymire Gary , Barry Michael , Hall Robert C.
Published: September 2010

ONE OF THE MORE SIGNIFICANT contributions designers can make to the innovation process is a creative investigation of culture, both as strategy and as input to the development of specific products. Gary Waymire, Michael Barry and Robert C. Hall are convinced, however, that such analysis must get beyond preconceptions. Here, they comment on five books they believe are particularly helpful in expanding a designer's critical ability to interpret culture.
MAKINGSENSE out of Manufacturing Innovations
Authors: Swamidass Paul M.
Published: September 2010

THE COMPLEMENT TO innovative products is innovative manufacturing. Defining fifteen hard and soft technologies, Paul Swamidass distills important trends in the realm of manufacturing and makes it clear that exploiting these technologies can reduce lead time, improve market share, and enhance quality. For design managers, the bottom line is a mandate to integrate this critical, back‐end dimension of the development process into their innovation strategies.
Real Identities for Virtual Corporations?Communicating with the Customer in a Global Market
Authors: Häusler Jürgen
Published: September 2010

IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETPLACE Jürgen Häusler highlights differentiation, the management of change, and securing employee loyalty as essential elements in any company's communication effort. In this context, he goes on to review the meaning and definition of identity for the telecommunications industry in a business environment where corporations increasingly leverage their talents and reach—but risk diluting their identities—by working together as independent members of large multi‐national consortia.
Creating a Principles‐Based Identity System to Build Brand Equity A systems approach that sells itself and works across functions, business units, and oceans
Authors: Sametz Roger
Published: September 2010

COMMUNICATING IDENTITY requires a strategy satisfying the needs of those who create information and those who receive information. In this case study Roger Sametz outlines a program devised for Digital that addresses this task by defining three basic identity components combined with focused approaches to writing, typography color, design, and imagery—a balance that enable users around the world to create a broad range of media with a profile that is distinctively and consistently Digital.
Engineering the VIRTUAL OFFICE
Authors: Zietlow Bonnie
Published: September 2010

MARKETING, SALES, PRODUCTION—these and the many other aspects of doing business are all present in this enterprise. What can't be found is the traditional office. Angela McPhaul, Bonnie Zietlow, and Michael Pantano operate a company that exists electronically—in sophisticated communications and high‐quality products rather than in a physical location. Here, they comment on the advantages, the problems, and the technologies they have adopted in an entrepreneurial venture that now not only works but flourishes.
Common Ground, Common Cause, and COMMON SENSE
Authors: Lief Todd
Published: September 2010

HOW SHOULD MANAGERS deal with the fuzzy attitudes, feelings, and beliefs that so forcefully shape an organization's general direction and outcomes? Todd Lief has developed a series of tools called Working Impressions™ that distill consensus concerning these soft issues and enable companies to improve everyday working relationships, enhance the productivity of meetings, streamline workflow, and reveal unseen potential and resources.
HUMANFACTORS SIMULATION: Integrating Design and Assessment
Authors: Burnette Charles
Published: September 2010

THE DREAM IS A SIMULATION, assessment, and communications system that permits diverse members of the product‐development team to create and evaluate input within the framework of a integrated database. One step toward making this a reality is the Advanced Driver Interface Design/Assessment Project, a program funded by the Federal Highway Administration, which Charles Burnette believes reveals some of the major interactive pathways along which design is moving into the twenty‐first century.
Innovations in RCA USER INTERFACE DESIGN
Authors: Logan Robert J. , Lenzi Louis E.
Published: September 2010

IN OUR INFORMATION AGE, Robert Logan and Louis Lenzi assert it is the orchestration of a comprehensive consumer experience—rather than the creation of an object—that should dominate the genesis of a product. Using the development of an interactive‐TV system as an example, they refer to their process as “mindesign,” a multidisciplinary perspective on product design that defines engaging experiences, eliminates the fear of complexity, and encourages exploration and discovery.
Designing for REAL PEOPLE
Authors: Mueller James
Published: September 2010

UNIVERSAL DESIGN MEANS developing products so that they can be easily used by all groups of people, including the elderly and people with disabilities. James Mueller points out that, while such an approach makes sense economically and should simply be considered good business, it is often ignored. This is especially true in the realm of high tech, about which Mueller comments on several product types and proposes some specific design recommendations.
Design for the INTERNET
Authors: Reynolds Charles
Published: September 2010

HOW DO YOU KNOW a good Web site when you see one? As creator of his organization's Internet gateway, Charles Reynolds is wonderfully candid about his Web experiences—including details about how the first design was “flamed.” Fortunately out of the ashes he has come up with some very clear do's and don'ts, points he amplifies with numerous illustrations.
ONLINE VS. CD‐ROM TECHNOLOGIES: The Shades of Gray in Between
Authors: Justice Lorraine
Published: September 2010

NEW TECHNOLOGIES TRANSLATE into new pathways for designers to gather, share, manipulate, and store information. They also mean there are potential new pitfalls for offices to waste time and money Covering such basics as the processing of images and staffing issues, Lorraine Justice sorts out some questions in this area, suggesting when online communications make sense and when an investment in CD‐ROM might be the better route. This is an insightful guide for putting technology to work.
“OUR TOOLS SHAPE US”: Fine‐Tuning Brand Perception with the Internet
Authors: Harber Billie , Hensley Randall , Green Lee , Neumann Lori
Published: September 2010

THIS IS THE STORY OF HOW IBM grew up on the Web. Billie Harber, Randall Hensley Lee Green, and Lori Neumann weave an enlightening narrative, rich with examples. They explain how Big Blue uses its site to enhance perceptions of the company as accessible, up‐to‐date, and responsive. They delve into technical problems. And they examine how design becomes a framework for structuring and navigating through thousands of pages of information that comes from around the globe.
Consulting in Germany: WHERE WE STAND
Authors: Kretschmann Dieter
Published: September 2010

CONSULTING IN DESIGN and design management is new to Germany. In this context, Dieter Kretschmann chats with four leaders in the field, reporting how each has developed a unique strategy for helping clients. One combines market and trend analysis with design; another coordinates groups of experts to solve communications and public relations problems; a third emphasizes innovative research as the basis of good design; and the last stresses an understanding of corporate culture and philosophy as the groundwork for creativity.
The Design Consultant as a STRATEGIC RESOURCE
Authors: Corbin Jeffry
Published: September 2010

TO MEET A GROWING ARRAY of client needs, design firms are expanding their capabilities. Consultants, in Jeffry Corbin's profile, are responsible not only for products and graphics, but also for such tasks as research, developing the project brief, cost control, and marketing. To remain competitive, designers must invest in technology and training and look for ways to leverage resources through multidisciplinary partnerships. Clients expect this value‐added service, and consultants should see it as a challenge and an opportunity.
THE DANISH DESIGN CENTRE: Making Our Point in Print
Authors: Bernsen Jens
Published: September 2010

IN SPREADING THE GOOD NEWS about design, the Danish Design Centre is a master of effective communication. Here, Jens Bernsen's wisdom and fascinating stories from real life related to the Centre's publishing strategy will inspire many to fill out an order form to see, firsthand, how concise narrative content, outstanding graphic design, and thoughtfully chosen illustrations can be blended to create a powerful national design voice.
ENTREPRENEURIAL VISION: Making Enthusiasm and Opportunity Coincide into Design
Authors: Cova Bernard
Published: September 2010

INSPIRATION! In the rational world of business, the term is barely whispered. But if we stress “designing the experience,” then inspiration can provide valuable input. Given this premise, Bernard Cova evaluates two European companies that exploited the design inspirations of their executives as gateways to profitable product development. He critiques the contributions toward making this management philosophy work and proposes that corporations can only benefit by being open to leadership from artist‐entrepreneurs.
Developing a Strategic Design Culture
Authors: Hertenstein Julie H. , Platt Marjorie B.
Published: September 2010

AS CORPORATIONS SEEK to leverage design, an essential pathway is to nurture a strategic design culture. Based on an investigation of actual practices, Julie Hertenstein and Marjorie Platt suggest key elements of such a culture: positioning design effectively; articulating the design process; measuring design performance; and bringing design into the realm of strategic decision making.
Research, Design, and Business Strategy
Authors: Logan Robert J.
Published: September 2010

CREATIVE DESIGN METHODOLOGIES work best in the hands of creative design organizations. In the complex and bewildering world of digital technology and entertainment, Robert Logan has put together a team of humanists, artists, technologists, and capitalists to define strategic visions for his company and to develop successive generations of innovative, consumerdriven products. In this organizational model, design and strategy are managed as different aspects of the same creative process.
Designing by Wire
Authors: Chung Wayne C.
Published: September 2010

GATHERING AND INTEGRATING professional and user input as facets of the product development process will always be a critical design management challenge. In this realm, the Internet offers unique opportunities to garner feedback quickly and inexpensively. Wayne Chung has experimented with this design‐by‐wire approach and summarizes key lessons based on experiences designing for Rubbermaid and Apple Computer.
The Philips Competence Center: A Corporate Facility Designed to Inform
Authors: Burdick Bruce , Burdick Susan
Published: September 2010

PHILIPS ELECTRONICS WANTED to translate its understanding of innovation from a collection of objects, anecdotes, and ideas into a place that could serve as a gateway to the company's philosophy, expertise, and accomplishments. Bruce and Susan Burdick's design combines architecture, exhibits, interactive media, conference spaces, and meeting rooms that, for customers, employees, and visitors, transform a review of history and abstract concepts into a living, 3‐D expression of Philips's competencies and strategies.
Teaching Integrated Product Development: Educational Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University
Authors: Vogel Craig M. , Cagan Jonathan , Mather John H.
Published: September 2010

IN AN ACADEMIC WORLD that thrives on departmentalization, Craig Vogel, Jonathan Cagan, and John H. Mather buck the trend with an interdisciplinary course on product development that brings together industrial design, engineering, and marketing. Student teams put theory to the test as they respond to consumer research by designing and prototyping new products. The creativity‐focused lessons in this exercise include developing effective communication skills, interpreting customer needs, and integrating issues of materials and production.
Selling a Vision
Authors: Moorhouse Bruce
Published: September 2010

HOW DO YOU MANAGE IDENTITY in a company that, at one point, had more than 1,200 distinct brands? This was the 3M challenge. In a saga that even now continues to evolve, Bruce Moorhouse relates how the corporation used design to streamline and strengthen its presence and reputation internationally without sacrificing its innovative, entrepreneurial culture. It's a story about developing a clear but flexible identity framework and the “selling” of that strategic vision by building consensus rather than by enforcing rules.
The Power of One: Rebuilding the Digital Brand
Authors: Bouchenoire Jean
Published: September 2010

DIGITAL WAS HAVING AN identity problem. Business units around the globe interpreted the brand in different ways. Products were sometimes barely associated with the company. Visuals appeared with a variety of texts and in many formats. If people were bewildered, it was easy to understand why. Jean‐Léon Bouchenoire outlines what he and his colleagues did to resolve the confusion and the strategic thinking behind their efforts.
Making Symbols Make Money: Managing Brands as Strategic Assets
Authors: Almquist Eric , Turvill Ian , Roberts Ken
Published: September 2010

BECAUSE MANY OF THE most valuable aspects of branding are intangible, managing this asset poses unique challenges. Eric Almquist, Ian Turvill, and Ken Roberts propose a framework for determining what a brand is worth, what elements provide this value, and where there is room to further leverage a brand's equity. With these facts in hand, executives can develop realistic, highly competitive brand strategies.