bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in ensuring the immunity of plants
Authors: Bobrova Mariia , Holodaieva Olena , Arkushyna Hanna , Larycheva Olena , Tsviakh Olha
Published: July 2020

Aim of the research: to identify changes in the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in the organs of different plant varieties, depending on their level of resistance to disease. The subject of the research is the role of individual components of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in ensuring plant resistance to disease. Methodology. Quantitative determination of PAS status was performed on onion tissue samples taken from the following varieties: "Globus" (high-resistant variety), "Rainbow" (medium-resistant variety) and "Donetsk Golden" ( low-resistant variety). For biochemical analysis, tissues from the top of the leaf, the middle of the leaf, the scales of the onion-turnip, stem, flower, roots, and seeds were used. The concentration of superoxide anion radical, TBA-active products, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, GSH-peroxidase, the concentration of ascorbic acid, glutathione, cytochrome oxidase activity were determined. The results of the research show that іn the tissues of photosynthetic vegetative organs of onions, there is an increase in both parts of the prooxidant-antioxidant system; in tissues that are not capable of photoproduction, there is an advantage of the antioxidant link in accordance with the increased resistance of the variety to disease. Initiation of germination processes enhances the activity of both parts of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and is highest in flower cells. Onion seed tissues, which are at rest, have the advantage of a prooxidant link and an increase in the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants. Practical consequences. As a result of the correlation analysis of the studied indicators, the presence of a close relationship between the concentration of TBA-active products and the activity of cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase, ascorbate with glutathione was established.
AKAL DAN PENGETAHUAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Erma Yulita
Published: July 2020

Allah Swt menetapkan manusia sebagai Khalifatullah, karena selain memiliki bentuk fisik yang sempurna, manusia juga dianugerahi potensi yang membedakannya dengan mahluk ciptaan Allah lainnya yaitu akal. Akal berarti daya pikir yang terdapat dalam jiwa manusia, daya yang digambarkan Al-Qur’an untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dengan memperhatikan alam sekitar, bahkan dalam Al-Qur’an kata ‘aql di ulang sebanyak 46 kali. Oleh karena itu, akal menjadi kunci untuk mendapatkan sejumlah pengetahuan dari alam semesta beserta isinya melalui isyarat-isyarat ilmiah yang terdapat dalam ayat-ayat kuaniyah.

Untuk memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan melalui isyarat-isyarat ilmiah tersebut, manusia dituntut untuk mengembangkan potensi-potensi yang dimilikinya, salah satu potensi yang paling urgen adalah akal, karena melalui proses akal manusia mampu berpikir logis dan kritis sehingga dapat menghasilkan banyak pengetahuan, dengan catatan pengetahuan yang diperoleh itu memberikan manfaat kepada orang lain sebagai bentuk hasil olah akal pikiran yang rahmatan lil a’lamin. Hal ini telah dilakukan para pemikir-pemikir Islam terdahulu, melalui kajian Al-Qur’an berdasarkan isyarat-isyarat ilmiah dengan ketekunan dan kesungguhan mereka telah membuktikannya. Salah seorang di antaranya adalah Ibnu Sina yang terkenal dengan ilmu kedokterannya, memberikan sumbangsih yang luar biasa dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam perkembangan dunia medis.

Oleh karena itu, Allah Swt melalui kalam-Nya dalam Al-Qur’an mencela orang-orang yang tidak menggunakan akalnya untuk mencari pengetahuan yang sangat luas di jagat raya ini, karena sama saja dengan memubazirkan potensi akal yang sangat berharga tersebut. Jadi Al-Qur’an sebagai Kalamullah tidak hanya membahas tentang masalah ibadah atau sebatas Hablumminallah, tetapi juga sarat akan perintah pengembangan akal dan pengetahuan yang memberikan sumbangsih yang luar biasa dalam proses kehidupan manusia dalam konteks perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.

Kata kunci: Akal, Pengetahuan, Al-Qur’an
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA (TELAAH ASPEK BUDAYA)
Authors: Masriani Masriani
Published: July 2020

Pendidik dan budaya merupakan dua hal penting yang saling terkait satu sama lain dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup manusia. Di satu sisi, pengembangan dan pelestarian kebudayaan berlangsung dalam suatu proses pendidikan dan memerlukan perekayasaan pendidikan karena budaya adalah hasil cipta, rasa dan karsa manusia. Dalam era Globalisasi, pendidikan menemui tantangannya, dimana harus selalu berbenah dan memegang prinsip-prinsip pendidikan sebagai wahana penyadaran diri dan proses humanisasi tanpa mengorbankan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Sebagai investasi jangka panjang dalam pembangunan, pendidikan harus menghindarkan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan laju arus globalisasi. Yakni dengan menawarkan reparadigmatisasi pendidikan sebagai upaya preventif, dan harus menjadi tanggung jawab semua komponen anak bangsa di negeri ini.

Abstrak: Budaya, Pendidikan, Globalisasi
A vacuum ultraviolet ion source (VUV-IS) for iodide–chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a substitute for radioactive ion sources
Authors: Ji Yi , Huey L. Gregory , Tanner David J. , Lee Young Ro , Veres Patrick R. , Neuman J. Andrew , Wang Yuhang , Wang Xinming
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A new ion source (IS) utilizing vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light is developed and characterized for use with iodide–chemical ionization mass
spectrometers (I−-CIMS). The VUV-IS utilizes a compact krypton lamp that emits light at two wavelengths corresponding to energies of
∼10.030 and 10.641 eV. The VUV light photoionizes either methyl iodide (ionization potential, IP = 9.54 ± 0.02 eV)
or benzene (IP = 9.24378 ± 0.00007 eV) to form cations and photoelectrons. The electrons react with methyl iodide to form
I−, which serves as the reagent ion for the CIMS. The VUV-IS is characterized by measuring the sensitivity of a quadrupole CIMS (Q-CIMS) to
formic acid, molecular chlorine, and nitryl chloride under a variety of flow and pressure conditions. The sensitivity of the Q-CIMS, with the
VUV-IS, reached up to ∼700 Hz pptv−1, with detection limits of less than 1 pptv for a 1 min integration period. The
reliability of the Q-CIMS with a VUV-IS is demonstrated with data from a month-long ground-based field campaign. The VUV-IS is further tested by
operation on a high-resolution time-of-flight CIMS (TOF-CIMS). Sensitivities greater than 25 Hz pptv−1 were obtained for formic acid and
molecular chlorine, which were similar to that obtained with a radioactive source. In addition, the mass spectra from sampling ambient air was
cleaner with the VUV-IS on the TOF-CIMS compared to measurements using a radioactive source. These results demonstrate that the VUV lamp is a viable
substitute for radioactive ion sources on I−-CIMS systems for most applications. In addition, initial tests demonstrate that the VUV-IS can
be extended to other reagent ions by the use of VUV absorbers with low IPs to serve as a source of photoelectrons for high IP electron attachers,
such as SF6-.
El fútbol en abierto: el papel de GOL TV. Análisis de los datos de audiencia y las principales causas. Temporada 2017/18
Authors: Berciano Jiménez Daniel
Published: July 2020

Las empresas privadas de televisión se han hecho con el dominio del mundo deportivo y, en especial, del deporte rey: el fútbol. Desde hace unas temporadas, el canal GOL TV es el único que emite en abierto partidos de primera división, aunque en éstos no participan equipos clasificados en competiciones europeas. La masa social de los clubes, el rendimiento de los equipos y las variables referentes al calendario se presentan como principales factores que determinan la audiencia de los encuentros. Mediante estas referencias, el estudio se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de dar respuesta a las principales causas que confeccionan el recuento de cifras de telespectadores de los partidos emitidos durante la temporada 2017/2018.
Talento y memoria. El descubrimiento del archivo profesional de un creador de radio
Authors: De la Banda Soriano Belén
Published: July 2020

Mariano de la Banda (Aranjuez, 1936-2015) fue un profesional de la radio española desde los años 50 a los inicios del siglo XXI. Un primer inventario de la documentación conservada en su entorno familiar nos muestra las claves de una personalidad creadora de talentos, y una biografía llena de éxitos, relaciones y aprendizajes valiosos.
Proposta de melhoria do desempenho por meio da maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos
Authors: Dragoni Jr Helio , Ghobril Alexandre Nabil
Published: July 2020

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta para melhoria de desempenho no gerenciamento de projetos da empresa Engilab. Metodologicamente, o trabalho segue o protocolo de relato tecnológico, passando pelas etapas de análise, diagnóstico e proposta de solução. Após uma análise inicial de cenários e do desempenho dos projetos da empresa, foi aplicada uma pesquisa qualitativa para identificação de problemas na visão de gestores e executores dos projetos. Em seguida, analisou-se os principais modelos de avaliação de maturidade de projetos e a escolha do modelo MMGP (Modelo de Maturidade em Gestão de Projetos, criado por Darci Prado para avaliação do nível de maturidade em gestão de projetos). Após aplicação do questionário deste modelo, a empresa foi enquadrada no nível 3 de maturidade. A análise dos dados obtidos permitiu identificar pontos de melhoria e elaborar plano de ações que irá potencializar o aumento do nível de maturidade da empresa nos próximos dois anos.
LEITURA LITERÁRIA E A MEDIAÇÃO NO ESPAÇO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM LEVANTAMENTO DE PESQUISAS E SUAS DISCUSSÕES
Authors: Debus Eliane Santana Dias , Furtado Thamirys Frigo
Published: July 2020

The article presents the State of Knowledge that sought to map the studies on collective spaces and time of literary reading in Early Childhood Education, for this purpose we performed the cut between the years 2008 to 2019, totaling 11 years of searches in three databases: Associação Nacional de Pesquisadores em Educação (ANPEd), Scientific Electronic Libray Online (Scielo) and Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). The works raised are linked to the theme of greater research that investigates the collective spaces and times of literary reading in Early Childhood Education Institutions in Florianópolis (SC). We believe that surveys like this collaborate to understand what has been studied in the area and allows the expansion of a systematic repertoire on the studies in question.Although little research was found when referring to literature in EarlyChildhood Education, there has been an increase in these studies in recent years, which show young children as readers.
Cross-border regionalization: the geopolitical dimension
Authors: Kaledin N.V. , Elatskov A.B.
Published: July 2020

From the standpoint of modern ideas about regionalization, cross-border regions and the activity geospatial interpretation of political geography and geopolitics as directions exploring geopolitical relations, the article considers the content of the geopolitical aspect of cross-border regionalization and emerging regions. It is revealed as a system of cross-border geopolitical relations and regions of various types, due to the diverse properties of interacting entities and the surrounding geospace. The typological differences of geopolitical features of transboundary regions are highlighted. Five types of political foundations and features for classifying geopolitical transboundary regions were identified: according to the status of political borders (international or domestic); by type of cross-border activity; on the legal status (the correlation of regionalization de jure and de facto is discussed); according to historical and geographical features; by complementarity (regions of cooperation or conflict). Four grounds for classifying regions according to their geospatial features are also highlighted: spatial scale (both in topological and metric terms); the specifics of the material environment - territorial, aquatic and others; spatial dynamics of processes; geospatial structure. A total of about forty specific types of cross-border regionalization are described.
La cuestión rural en los programas de los partidos políticos en las elecciones de 2019
Authors: Abellán López María Ángeles , Pardo Beneyto Gonzalo
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo realizar un aná-lisis de contenido de las propuestas electorales dirigidas al ámbito rural de los principales partidos que concurrieron a las elecciones legislativas de 2019. Para ello hemos utilizado el análisis de contenido y el software CAQDAS. Esta herra-mienta nos ha permitido clasificar las medidas en materialistas/postmaterialistas y productivistas/postproductivistas y determinar los principales términos utilizados. Entre las principales conclusiones del estudio podemos destacar que todos los partidos políticos incluyeron medidas desarrollistas y que la principal diferencia-ción se produjo entre bloques.The main objective of this article is to do a content analysis of the measures aimed at the rural sphere. In order to carry out it we have studied the electoral programs of the main political parties that attended the 2019 legislative elections. We have used the content analysis through a CAQDAS software. This tool has allowed us to classify the measures according to whether they were materialist/ postmaterialist and productivist/postproductivist, as well as to determine the main terms used. Among the main ones of the study we can highlight that all the political parties included developmental measures and that the main differentiation occurred between blocks.
¿Sexualidad ortodoxa o heterodoxa? La sexualidad en España en el siglo xxI
Authors: Pérez de la Merced Helena
Published: July 2020

La sexualidad planea por doquier y, sin embargo, la sociología ha vuelto su mirada hacia esta área recientemente; algo aún más notable en el caso de nuestro país, donde los trabajos a este respecto han sido eminentemente teóricos e imbuidos de las creencias que dominaban el panorama político-social del momen-to. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir al estudio de las concepciones y com-portamientos de la población española residente hacia la sexualidad a través de la búsqueda de factores explicativos de la misma. Este hecho representa la principal novedad de la presente investigación al intentar analizar cómo es nuestra sexuali-dad a través de la detección de dimensiones subyacentes, es decir, hacer medible el concepto de sexualidad dentro de los ejes normativo/no-normativo. Entre los resultados obtenidos, en una primera aproximación, se perciben diferencias en función de variables como el sexo, la edad y las creencias religiosas.Sexuality is everywhere but Sociology pays attention to it recently, especially in our country case where works in this area has been mainly theoretical based on the historical moment beliefs. This article aimed to contribute to the study of conceptions and behaviors of Spaniards towards sexuality through ex-planatory factors of it. This research aims to analyze how is our sexuality detecting underlying dimensions, in other words, make measurable the concept of sexuality on an axis of normative/ non-normative sexuality. Key findings show, in a first glance, differences regarding sex, age and religious beliefs are found.
Translation and Interpreting as a Profession: Some Proposals to Boost Entrepreneurial Competence
Authors: Muñoz-Miquel Ana
Published: July 2020

Increasing automation and the emergence of new needs and forms of communication are triggering a redefinition of the role and work settings of translators and interpreters. For this reason, and with a view to enhancing employability, students need to be aware of the range of professional profiles they can pursue and the value they can bring to society. The aim of this paper is to put forward a series of teaching proposals aimed at promoting entrepreneurial competence. After presenting the results of an exploratory study of students’ views of the profession, it proposes some activities that are considered particularly useful for fostering entrepreneurial competences.
Applying Service-Dominant Logic to Translation Service Provision
Authors: Kujamäki Minna
Published: July 2020

Translation is commonly regarded as a service both in translation industry and within Translation Studies (TS), but the question of what makes translation a service has not been widely explored. This conceptual paper looks at non-literary translation as a service, applying a paradigm of Service-Dominant S-D logic (S-D logic) to the field. Practices in translation service provision are analysed using the Facilities-Transformation-Usage framework (FTU framework), designed on the premises of S-D logic, as a tool. The paper shows that translation practices in general comply with this theoretical perspective, making translation, by definition, a service, and opens a window into the aspects that make it a service. Some current practices in the field do not, however, meet the criteria of an ideal service. These practices are discussed briefly in order to pinpoint, from the service theoretical point of view, where the problems lie.
Formes, objets et négation selon Granger
Authors: Schang Fabien
Published: July 2020

Il s’agit de comprendre dans cet article l’opposition formulée par Gilles-Gaston Granger entre deux types de négation : la négation « radicale », d’un côté, et les négations « appliquées » de l’autre. Nous examinerons les propriétés de cette opposition, ainsi que les enseignements à en tirer sur la philosophie de la logique de Granger. Puis nous proposerons une théorie constructive des valeurs logiques considérées comme des objets structurés, consolidant à la fois l’unité de la théorie logique de Granger et son pluralisme philosophique.
L’authenticité : une esquisse de définition
Authors: Romano Claude
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de cerner la nature de l’idéal d’authenticité, si répandu dans notre culture et nos sociétés contemporaines. Tout d’abord, l’authenticité ne joue-t-elle pas un rôle analogue, par son ampleur et sa vocation à s’appliquer à la totalité de la vie, de ce qu’a été l’idéal de sagesse pour l’Antiquité ? D’autre part, l’authenticité peut-elle se définir simplement comme une sincérité intégrale ? N’est-elle pas plus proche de la vertu d’intégrité ? Nous nous efforçons de montrer l’insuffisance des deux principales voies pour approcher cette notion, celle des théories expressivistes de l’authenticité, d’inspiration romantique, et celle des théories volontaristes qui se sont développées dans le sillage de l’existentialisme : aucune de ces deux approches ne permet de répondre à ce que nous avons appelé le « problème difficile » de l’authenticité.
Le Divers et la diversité : quelle différence pour l’Acadie et pour la francophonie nord-américaine ? Réflexions autour d’un essai de Joseph Yvon Thériault
Authors: Bruce Clint
Published: July 2020

Cet essai se veut une réponse, plutôt qu’uneréaction,à un billet du sociologue Joseph Yvon Thériault, « Je ne suis pas métis… ma mère me l’aurait dit », paru en décembre 2016 dans la revue électroniqueAstheure. Thériault y exprime son inquiétude quant à l’obsession grandissante du métissage identitaire en Acadie. Ainsi, la notion de diversité serait étrangère, voire nuisible à l’acadianité. Notre réflexion vise à mieux cerner ces enjeux qui se logent, selon nous, au coeur de l’étude des francophonies des Amériques. À l’aide d’exemples concrets, nous développons un plaidoyer pour une conscience historique du multiple à l’intérieur du fait acadien.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Cellular Plastics with a Negative Poisson’s Ratio for High Energy Dissipation
Authors: Li Dewen , Bu Xiaochen , Xu Zongpu , Luo Yingwu , Bai Hao
Published: July 2020

Cellular plastics have been widely used in transportation, aerospace, and personal safety applications owing to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. It is highly desirable to impart them with a complex porous structure and composition distribution to obtain specific functionality for various engineering applications, which is challenging with conventional foaming technologies. Herein, it is demonstrated that this can be achieved through the controlled freezing process of a monomer/water emulsion, followed by cryopolymerization and room temperature thawing. As ice is used as a template, this method is environmentally friendly and capable of producing cellular plastics with various microstructures by harnessing the numerous morphologies of ice crystals. In particular, a cellular plastic with a radially aligned structure shows a negative Poisson’s ratio under compression. The rigid plastic shows a much higher energy dissipation capability compared to other materials with similar negative Poisson’s ratios. Additionally, the simplicity and scalability of this approach provides new possibilities for fabricating high‐performance cellular plastics with well‐defined porous structures and composition distributions.
Designer Metal–Organic Frameworks for Size‐Exclusion‐Based Hydrocarbon Separations: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Yunling , Li Jing
Published: July 2020

The separation of hydrocarbons is of primary importance in the petrochemical industry but remains a challenging process. Hydrocarbon separations have traditionally relied predominantly on costly and energy‐intensive heat‐driven procedures such as low‐temperature distillations. Adsorptive separation based on porous solids represents an alternative technology that is potentially more energy efficient for the separation of some hydrocarbons. Great efforts have been made recently not only in the development of adsorbents with optimal separation performance but also toward the subsequent implementation of adsorption‐based separation technology. Emerging as a relatively new class of multifunctional porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hold substantial promise as adsorbents for highly efficient separation of hydrocarbons. This is because of their exceptional and intrinsic porosity tunability, which enables size‐exclusion‐based separations that render the highest possible separation selectivity. In this review, recent advances in the development of MOFs for separation of selected groups of hydrocarbons are reviewed, including methane/C2 hydrocarbons, normal alkanes, alkane isomers, and alkane/alkene/alkyne and C8 alkylaromatics, with a particular focus on separations based on the size‐exclusion mechanism. Insights into tailor‐made structures, material design strategies, and structure–property relationships will be elucidated. In addition, the existing challenges and possible future directions of this important research field will be discussed.
Electrodeposited Negative Index Metamaterials with Visible and Near Infrared Response
Authors: Gómez‐Castaño Mayte , Garcia‐Pomar Juan Luis , Pérez Luis Alberto , Shanmugathasan Sharvina , Ravaine Serge , Mihi Agustín
Published: July 2020

Negative index metamaterials have revolutionized the field of photonics because of their unconventional electromagnetic properties absent in naturally occurring materials. It remains a challenge however, to achieve strong negative refractive index at optical frequencies over large areas in a device compatible fashion. In this work, a scalable method for the straightforward production of fishnet‐like negative index metamaterials combining soft nanoimprinting and electrodeposition is reported. In four simple steps, 2D arrays of pillars surrounded by metal–insulator–metal stacks made of gold and air gaps are created. The proper design of the geometrical features leads to negative indices from the visible to the near infrared, with values from ‐1.2 at 700 nm to ‐2.8 at 910 nm. The metamaterials are prepared on transparent conductive electrodes hence ready for device implementation. In addition, the nanostructures display high optical quality, which is corroborated with numerical simulations under normal and oblique incidence. As a proof of concept, the accessibility to the porosity of the metamaterial by studying the spectral changes produced when infiltrating different liquids through the metallic layers is demonstrated. The resonant wavelength increasing with the refractive index of the media makes the metamaterials potential platforms for both negative index structures and optical sensors.
Mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of fluorosilicone rubber composites filled with silica/multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid fillers
Authors: Tan Changbin , Liu Guangliang , Yao Hao , Li Xiangyang , Li Gen , Qing Long , Yang Yan
Published: July 2020

In this work, hybrid fillers consist of modified silica (SiO2) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were used to improve the mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of fluorosilicone (FSR) composites via a direct mechanical mixing method. With the increase of CNT loading in SiO2/CNT hybrid loading ratio, the tensile properties, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties all increase without a sharp sacrifice of flexibility. The dielectric constant of FSR‐S15/C5 achieved 7,370 @1 kHz, which is about four orders of the FSR‐S20, and the dielectric loss remains as low as 0.676 @1 kHz. Therefore, the linkage of SiO2and FSR chains not only enhances the interfacial interaction between the fillers and FSR matrix but also decreases the agglomeration of the fillers in matrix. What is more, modified SiO2and CNT were designed as the effective hybrid filler to improve the performance of the polymeric matrix through synergic effect.
Relating the role of green self‐concepts and identity on green purchasing behaviour: An empirical analysis
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Saha Raiswa , Sreedharan V. Raja , Paul Justin
Published: July 2020

At present, consumers in emerging economies are becoming more conscious about environmental well‐being. Therefore, organizations compete to make their products and practices more eco‐friendly. Several studies have tried to explain the relationship between green consumerism and an individual's buying behaviour using traditional theories. However, there is quite a challenge in understanding the influence of green self‐concept (GSC) and green self‐identity (GSI) in predicting the green purchase intention (GPI) of consumers. Therefore, the authors developed six hypotheses to assess the relation between self‐concept and the GPI. The survey was conducted, and the responses were evaluated through the partial least square (PLS) method. The authors analysed the measurement model results (n = 717) and the direct and indirect mediating effect of the latent variable contributing to GPI. The measurement model results show that a significant relationship exists in the proposed model, namely, GSCs → green purchasing intentions, product self‐concept (PSC) → green purchasing intentions and GSI → green purchasing intentions. Further, the GSI acted as a mediator for the measurement model. The implications of the study can be used to understand the green consumer behavior in developing new strategies and policies for the organizational practice in emerging economies.
Does green innovation affect the financial performance of Multilatinas? The moderating role of ISO 14001 and R&D investment
Authors: Duque‐Grisales Eduardo , Aguilera‐Caracuel Javier , Guerrero‐Villegas Jaime , García‐Sánchez Encarnación
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between green innovation (GI) and financial performance (FP) in emerging markets multinationals from Latin America (Multilatinas). Aligned with the natural resource‐based view and institutional theory, and using moderated and hierarchical linear regression analyses with panel data from 86 listed firms during the period 2013–2017, we find that implementing effective GIs is not associated with greater FP. The paper also analyses the moderating effect of Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14001) and research and development (R&D) investment on the relationship between GI and FP. We find that Multilatinas' implementation of ISO 14001 does not affect the way they adopt GI and thus does not enhance their levels of FP, but a positive moderating effect is generated as companies increase their level of R&D investment. The paper expands knowledge of the way GI affects Multilatinas' FP, and these findings have policy implications for managers, policy makers, government and other institutions.
The Intersections of Race and Gender for Latina Midlevel Leaders
Authors: Garcia Lisa R.
Published: July 2020

This chapter provides a portrait of midlevel Latina leadership in community colleges, focusing on the intersections of gender and race. The chapter will also examine the challenges and barriers Latinas face as midlevel leaders, the role of mentors, as well as provide recommendations for community colleges to help increase the numbers of Latina leaders in their institutions.
Characterization of a Membrane‐Bound O‐Acetyltransferase Involved in Trioxacarcin Biosynthesis Offers Insights into Its Catalytic Mechanism†
Authors: Yin Yue , Shen Yi , Meng Song , Zhang Mei , Pan Hai‐Xue , Tang Gong‐Li
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Trioxacarcin A (TXN‐A) is a polycyclic aromatic natural product with remarkable biological activity. TxnB11, a membrane‐bound O‐acetyltransferase involved in TXN‐A biosynthesis that is difficult for protein manipulation, is biochemically characterized here for its acetylation function on C4‐sugar. A proposed catalytic mechanism is supported by transmembrane helix analysis and site‐directed mutagenesis, in which four conserved amino acid residues His35, Ser71, His100 and His317 are essential for enzyme activity. We tested the substrate tolerance of TxnB11 to acyl donors in vitro and found that TxnB11 can also utilize propionyl‐CoA and glycolyl‐CoA, resulting in two new TXN analogs with anti‐tumor activity. This work provides a first understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this unusual acyltransferase family and presents good candidates for creating structural diversity for natural products.
Poor prognosis of heart failure patients with in‐hospital worsening renal function and elevated BNP at discharge
Authors: Okabe Toshitaka , Yakushiji Tadayuki , Kido Takehiko , Kimura Taro , Asukai Yu , Shimazu Suguru , Saito Jumpei , Oyama Yuji , Igawa Wataru , Ono Morio , Ebara Seitaro , Yamashita Kennosuke , Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Amemiya Kisaki , Isomura Naoei , Ochiai Masahiko
Published: July 2020

Aims

Our purpose was to investigate the association between the B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level at discharge, the occurrence of worsening renal function (WRF), and long‐term outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

We enrolled hospitalized acute HF patients. We divided patients into four groups on the basis of BNP <250 pg/mL (BNP−) or BNP ≥250 pg/mL (BNP+) at discharge and the occurrence of WRF during admission: BNP−/WRF−, BNP−/WRF+, BNP+/WRF−, and BNP+/WRF+. We evaluated the association between BNP at discharge, WRF, and cardiovascular/all‐cause mortality/hospitalization due to HF. Clinical follow‐up was completed in 301 patients. At discharge, percentages of the patients with clinical signs of HF were low and similar among four groups. The median follow‐up period was 1206 days (interquartile range, 733–1825 days). The composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization was significantly different between the four groups [12.9% (BNP−/WRF−), 22.7% (BNP−/WRF+), 35.8% (BNP+/WRF−), and 55.4% (BNP+/WRF+), P < 0.0001]. All‐cause mortality was also different etween the four groups (15.1%, 38.6%, 28.7%, and 39.3%, respectively, P = 0.003). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, the combination of BNP ≥250 pg/mL and WRF showed the highest hazard ratio (HR) for composite endpoint (HR, 5.201; 95% confidence interval, 2.582–11.11; P < 0.0001), and BNP−/WRF+ was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.089–4.875; P = 0.03). Patients in BNP+/WRF+ had a higher cardiovascular mortality (28.6%), and those in BNP−/WRF+ had a high non‐cardiovascular mortality (29.5%).

Conclusions

Heart failure patients with BNP ≥250 pg/mL at discharge and in‐hospital occurrence of WRF had the highest risk for the composite endpoint (cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization) among groups.
Carbon Dots Integrated NiCo2O4 Hierarchical Nanoneedle Arrays Supported on Ni Foam as Efficient and Stable Electrode for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Kundu Aniruddha , Ryplida Benny , Park Sung Young
Published: July 2020

The production of hydrogen and oxygen via water electrolysis has become a sustainable and encouraging pathway for the establishment of new energy sources. Herein, we report the successful growth of hierarchical NiCo2O4‐carbon dots (CDs) nanoneedle arrays supported on nickel foam through a simple and environmentally benign hydrothermal self‐assembly technique. The designed material acts as a binder free electrode and shows bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. An electrocatalyst sample with an optimal loading of CDs (25 mg) requires a low overpotential of 146 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for the HER in an alkaline medium, whereas it requires an overpotential of 390 mV to achieve a current density of 50 mA/cm2 for the OER in the same alkaline medium. The excellent electrocatalytic activities of the sample with loading of CD can be ascribed due to the presence of large number of exposed active sites offered by CD/NiCo2O4 and the enhanced electron transfer processes occurring as a result of hierarchical structure composed of three‐dimensional nickel foam and the NiCo2O4−CDs nanoneedle arrays. Thus, the synthesis method introduced in this present work is a facile and cost‐effective approach for the construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts with high reactivity and excellent durability.
Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review
Authors: Dosedělová Věra , Itterheimová Petra , Kubáň Petr
Published: July 2020

Bile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000–2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
Household welfare impacts of an agricultural innovation platform in Uganda
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Beine Peter , Morton John F. , Feleke Shiferaw , Alene Arega , Abdoulaye Tahirou , Wellard Kate , Mungatana Eric , Bua Anton , Asfaw Solomon , Manyong Victor
Published: July 2020

Technical approaches to food production are important to the food security of growing populations in developing countries. However, strategic investments in research and farm‐level adoption require greater coherence in agricultural, societal, and local policies. The Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) and formation of the Cassava Innovation Platform (CIP) in Uganda were designed to stimulate interactions between researchers and farmers, leading to the development of improved cassava varieties through participatory plant breeding (PPB) and participatory variety selection (PVS). Moreover, the establishment of a community‐based commercialized seed system called Cassava Seed Entrepreneurship (CSE) has made an important contribution to the rapid multiplication and dissemination of clean planting materials in Uganda. The impact of CIP participation on rural household welfare was measured by household consumption expenditure per capita. The Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model was applied to data from a formal household survey conducted in the eastern, northern, and mid‐western regions of Uganda. The education, farm size, livestock size, access to credit, cost of cassava planting materials, access to extension service, access to training, and social group membership are significantly associated with CIP participation. CIP participation resulted in a 47.4% increase in household consumption expenditure. This important evidence highlights the need to promote agricultural innovation platform for improving rural livelihoods. Moreover, CIP participation has impact heterogeneity within the participant group that is conditional on household characteristics such as the gender of the household head, pointing to the need to tailor specific interventions and target specific groups within farm households.
Doing the right thing or doing things right? The role of ethics of care and ethics of justice in human resource management of social enterprises
Authors: Magrizos Solon , Roumpi Dorothea
Published: July 2020

Human resource management deployments of social enterprises foster care among their members, encourage caring relationships, and enhance the visibility and impact of the diverse voices of their stakeholders and, ultimately, contribute to the creation of a caring organization. The results of this study emphasize the importance of ethics in social enterprises manifested primarily through human resource management practices. Our analysis confirms that the vast majority of social enterprises are motivated by the ethics of care. Social enterprises offer a unique context to juxtapose the ethics of care and ethics of justice because they are founded and operated by caring people but also have to achieve profitability that reliable decision‐making, objectivity, and impartiality.
Numerical formulation and implementation of Euler‐Bernoulli pile elements considering soil‐structure‐interaction responses
Authors: Li Xueyou , Wan Jianhong , Liu Siwei , Zhang Limin
Published: July 2020

Pile serves as an essential component for transferring loads from superstructures to the soil ground. Proper consideration of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) responses is crucial in evaluating the pile capacity and deflections under external loads. In the current design practices, semi‐empirical or linear‐elastic analyses are utilized, which are often overly conservative and unable to properly consider the nonlinear SSI responses. Thus, this paper presents a new Euler‐Bernoulli pile element for robustly and efficiently simulating the piles considering the SSI responses. The nonlinear springs distributed continuously along with the pile are directly integrated into the element formulations. A quasi‐analytical solution based on the Gauss‐Legendre method is utilized in the summation processes of the total potential energy to significantly simplify the mathematical expressions and ease difficulties in programming. The element tangent stiffness matrix and secant relations are respectively formulated for predicting the displacement and eliminating the accumulative errors in a Newton‐Raphson incremental‐iterative numerical procedure. Because a pile might exhibit large deflections in soft soils, the kinematic motion description using the Updated Lagrangian (UL) approach is developed where the equilibrium conditions are determined by referring to the last configurations. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
On a new extension of Weibull distribution: Properties, estimation, and applications to one and two causes of failures
Authors: Nassar Mazen , Afify Ahmed Z. , Shakhatreh Mohammed K. , Dey Sanku
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we try to supplement the distribution theory literature by introducing a new distribution, called the logarithmic transformed Weibull (LTW) distribution by logarithm transformation method. The proposed distribution exhibits constant, decreasing, increasing, unimodal and unimodal then bathtub‐shaped hazard rates. Although our main focus is on the estimation from the frequentist point of view, in addition, we derive some useful structural and statistical properties of the proposed LTW distribution. The LTW parameters are estimated by eight frequentist methods of estimation. We perform extensive simulation experiments to show the performances of the proposed estimators. Applications of the model are presented by reanalyzing two real data sets, and comparisons are made with the fit attained by some other well‐known distributions for illustrative purposes. As an illustration, one data set is analyzed for competing risks to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed model.
Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Quigley David , Caccamise Donna , Weatherley John , Foltz Peter
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the results of student engagement with eBRAVO, an Intelligent Tutoring System designed to support students’ development of reading comprehension strategies. The eBRAVO curriculum is a personalized experience based on the students’ previous engagement with the tool as well as their demonstration of deep comprehension of the current materials. This personalization may include support in the form of video lessons that target the comprehension strategy with which the reader has recently struggled embedded within the chapter context the reader was currently working. This paper outlines the results from a deployment during a summer program supporting students reading ecology content, and shows that students are clearly distinguishable into categories that denote their patterns of engagement with these videos. It also discusses how these results connect to comprehension assessment results within the system and at a unit level and the implications these results have for the design of future classroom intervention systems.
Combination HIV Prevention Strategies Among Montreal Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the PrEP Era: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Doyle Carla M. , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Lambert Gilles , Mishra Sharmistha , Apelian Herak , Messier-Peet Marc , Otis Joanne , Grace Daniel , Hart Trevor A. , Moore David M. , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Cox Joseph ,   the Engage Study Team
Published: July 2020

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) became publicly available in Quebec for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in 2013. We used baseline data from Engage, a cohort of GBM recruited by respondent-driven sampling, to examine patterns of combination HIV prevention use among Montreal GBM since PrEP became available. Latent class analysis, stratified by HIV status, was used to categorize GBM by self-reported use of biomedical and behavioural prevention strategies. Correlates of resulting classes were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Among HIV-negative/unknown GBM (n = 968), we identified four classes:low use of prevention(32%),condoms(40%),seroadaptive behaviour(21%), andbiomedical(including PrEP; 7%). Those using prevention (condoms,seroadaptive behaviour, andbiomedical) had a higher number of anal sex partners and were more likely to report a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis.GBM using biomedical prevention also had a higher level of formal education. Among GBM living with HIV (n = 200), we identified three classes:mainly antiretroviral treatment (ART) with viral suppression(53%),ART with viral suppression and condoms(19%), andART with viral suppression and seroadaptive behaviour(18%). Again, the number of anal sex partners was higher among those using condoms and seroadaptive behaviours. Our findings show antiretroviral-based prevention, either alone or in combination with other strategies, is clearly a component of the HIV prevention landscape for GBM in Montreal. Nevertheless, PrEP uptake remains low, and there is a need to promote its availability more widely.
Disease Risk from Human–Environment Interactions: Environment and Development Economics for Joint Conservation-Health Policy
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Lee Katherine D. , Rushlow Jennifer R. , Zambrana-Torrselio Carlos
Published: July 2020

Emergence of COVID-19 joins a collection of evidence that local and global health are influenced by human interactions with the natural environment. Frameworks that simultaneously model decisions to interact with natural systems and environmental mechanisms of zoonotic disease spread allow for identification of policy levers to mitigate disease risk and promote conservation. Here, we highlight opportunities to broaden existing conservation economics frameworks that represent human behavior to include disease transmission in order to inform conservation-disease risk policy. Using examples from wildlife markets and forest extraction, we call for environment, resource, and development economists to develop and analyze empirically-grounded models of people’s decisions about interacting with the environment, with particular attention to LMIC settings and ecological-epidemiological risk factors. Integrating the decisions that drive human–environment interactions with ecological and epidemiological research in an interdisciplinary approach to understanding pathogen transmission will inform policy needed to improve both conservation and disease spread outcomes.
Experimental investigation of a line plume in a filling box
Authors: Akhter Romana , Kaye Nigel B.
Published: July 2020

A series of experiments were conducted to quantify the dynamics of a filling box driven by a line plume that spans the full width of the enclosure. Three configurations were tested namely symmetric (centrally located plume), wall-bounded (plume attached to an end wall), and asymmetric. The front movement for the symmetric and wall-bounded configurations was well described by the standard filling box model. The front movement results indicate that the typical value of the entrainment coefficient $$ \left( \alpha \right) $$

α

for an unconfined plume ($$ \alpha = 0.16 $$

α
=
0.16

) could be used to accurately predict the front movement for both the centrally located plume and the wall-attached plume. This is in contrast to other studies that suggest that wall-bounded plumes have a significantly lower entrainment coefficient. The standard filling box model broke down for the asymmetric configuration. As the plume was closer to one wall than the other, the plume outflows that spread out and reflected off the end walls returned to the plume at different times. This created a pressure imbalance across the plume that caused the plume to bend sharply toward the nearest wall. Analysis of the plume outflow as a constant flux gravity current showed that the outflow velocity scaled on the cube root of the plume buoyancy flux per unit width $$ f $$
f
, a result confirmed by further experiments. This result was used to quantify the time at which the plume bends and the standard filling box model breaks down.