bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greengenes2 unifies microbial data in a single reference tree
Authors: McDonald Daniel , Jiang Yueyu , Balaban Metin , Cantrell Kalen , Zhu Qiyun , Gonzalez Antonio , Morton James T. , Nicolaou Giorgia , Parks Donovan H. , Karst Søren M. , Albertsen Mads , Hugenholtz Philip , DeSantis Todd , Song Se Jin , Bartko Andrew , Havulinna Aki S. , Jousilahti Pekka , Cheng Susan , Inouye Michael , Niiranen Teemu , Jain Mohit , Salomaa Veikko , Lahti Leo , Mirarab Siavash , Knight Rob
Published: July 2023

Studies using 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics typically yield different results, usually attributed to PCR amplification biases. We introduce Greengenes2, a reference tree that unifies genomic and 16S rRNA databases in a consistent, integrated resource. By inserting sequences into a whole-genome phylogeny, we show that 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic data generated from the same samples agree in principal coordinates space, taxonomy and phenotype effect size when analyzed with the same tree.
Sustainable development of an effective anti-corrosion film over the St12-steel surface against seawater attacks using Ce(III) ions/tri-sodium phosphate anions
Authors: Bahremand Farshad , Shahrabi Taghi , Ramezanzadeh Bahram , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: July 2023

One application of organic compounds is to utilize them as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments to diminish steel corrosion. These inhibitors do not show very good inhibition properties in saline (NaCl) environments. There have been many studies on boosting these inhibitors’ performance in such environments (especially Cl− containing media). One of the ways that have been proposed is the use of organic and inorganic inhibitors, simultaneously. The synergistic effect of these inhibitors has shown promising results in reducing steel corrosion. In this study, cerium(III) nitrate and tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) was used as organic and inorganic inhibitors to control the corrosion of steel in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment. The corrosion measurements were conducted in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment by EIS and polarization methods. Surface studies were done by SEM, Raman, GIXRD, and EDS methods. Corrosion studies (EIS and polarization) have revealed that when 500 ppm of Ce(NO3)3 and 500 ppm of TSP are added to the 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium, the highest synergism index (1.27) and inhibition efficiency (73.7%) are achieved. Also, by adding 500Ce-500TPS to the solution, icorr and Rct of steel decreased by about 80% and increased approximately 4-fold, respectively. This improvement in the steel performance against corrosion in the presence of an equal ratio of Ce(NO3)3 and TSP is the outcome of the formation of a hydrophobic dense film (consisting of Ce(OH)3, Ce/Fe-phosphate complexes) on the metal surface. This claim has been proven by SEM/EDS, contact angel, FT-IR, and XRD analysis.
Identification and verification of potential biomarkers in sertoli cell-only syndrome via bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Yang Xiao , Li Linlin , Lv Xin , Wang Ruixue , Zhang Hongguo , Liu Ruizhi
Published: July 2023

Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), a severe testicular spermatogenic failure, is characterized by total absence of male germ cells. To better expand the understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of SCOS, we used microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress databases to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, functional enrichment analysis including the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, modules, and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed and analyzed and the validation of hub genes was performed. A total of 601 shared DEGs were identified, including 416 down-regulated and 185 up-regulated genes. The findings of the enrichment analysis indicated that the shared DEGs were mostly enriched in sexual reproduction, reproductive process, male gamete generation, immune response, and immunity-related pathways. In addition, six hub genes (CCNA2, CCNB2, TOP2A, CDC20, BUB1, and BUB1B) were selected from the PPI network by using the cytoHubba and MCODE plug-ins. The expression levels of the hub genes were significantly decreased in patients with SCOS compared to that in normal spermatogenesis controls as indicated by the microarray data, single-cell transcriptomic data, and clinical sample levels. Furthermore, the potential miRNAs were predicted via the miRNA-mRNA network construction. These hub genes and miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers that may be related to SCOS. However, it has not been proven that the differential expression of these biomarkers is the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of SCOS. Our findings suggest that these biomarkers can be serve as clinical tool for diagnosis targets and may have some impact on the spermatogenesis of SCOS from a testicular germ cell perspective.
Dietary aflatoxin B1 and antimalarial—a lumefantrine/artesunate—therapy perturbs male rat reproductive function via pro-inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms
Authors: Owumi Solomon E. , Umez Angel O. , Arunsi Uche , Irozuru Chioma E.
Published: July 2023

We investigated the impact of Coartem™ (COA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on rats’ hypothalamus, epididymis, and testis. Male rats were randomly grouped (n = 5 rats) and treated: control group (corn oil), AFB1(70 µg/kg), COA (5 mg/kg), COA + AFB1(5 + 0.035 mg/kg) and COA + AFB1(5 + 0.07 mg/kg) for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for serum prolactin, testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinising hormones (FSH and LH) assay upon sacrifice. The semen, hypothalamus, epididymis, and testes were harvested for morphological, biochemical, and histopathology determination of oxidative, inflammation stress, genomic integrity, and pathological alterations. Exposure to the COA and AFB1caused the cauda epididymal spermatozoa to display low motility, viability, and volume, with increased abnormalities. Hormonal disruption ensued in animals exposed to COA and AFB1alone or together, exemplified by increased prolactin, and decreased testosterone, FSH and LH levels. Treatment-related reduction in biomarkers of testicular metabolism—acid and alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase—were observed. Also, COA and AFB1treatment caused reductions in antioxidant (Glutathione and total thiols) levels and antioxidant enzyme (Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase) activities in the examined organs. At the same time, treatment-related increases in DNA damage (p53), oxidative stress (xanthine oxidase, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation), inflammation (nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha), and apoptosis (caspase-9, and -3) were observed. Chronic exposure to COA and AFB1 led to oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage in male rats' hypothalamic-reproductive axis, which might potentiate infertility if not contained.
Single-molecular protein-based bioelectronicsviaelectronic transport: fundamentals, devices and applications
Authors: Jiang Tao , Zeng Biao-Feng , Zhang Bintian , Tang Longhua
Published: July 2023

This article reviews recent progress in single-protein-based bioelectronic devices, including their fabrication, electron transport properties, and functional applications.
Machine learning encodes urine and serum metabolic patterns for autoimmune disease discrimination, classification and metabolic dysregulation analysis
Authors: Du Qiuyao , Wang Xiao , Chen Junyu , Wang Yiran , Liu Wenlan , Wang Liping , Liu Huihui , Jiang Lixia , Nie Zongxiu
Published: July 2023

Machine learning of urine and serum metabolic patterns encodes the discrimination and classification of autoimmune diseases. The selected metabolite panel, metabolite dysregulation and disturbance pathways were investigated.
Effect of potato peel on the determination of soluble solid content by visible near-infrared spectroscopy and model optimization
Authors: Wang Yi , Han Minjie , Xu Yingchao , Wang Xiangyou , Cheng Meng , Cui Yingjun , Xiao Zhengwei , Qu Junzhe
Published: July 2023

The quantitative determination of the soluble solid content (SSC) of potatoes using NIR spectroscopy is useful for predicting the internal and external quality of potato products, especially fried products.
The green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanocomposite-based solid phase for the extraction of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from drinking water
Authors: Samejo Suraya , Baig Jameel Ahmed , Kazi Tasneem Gul , Afridi Hassan Imran , Hol Aysen , Dahshan Alaa , Akhtar Khalil , Solangi Shakoor Ahmed , Perveen Saima , Hussain Sajjad
Published: July 2023

Magnesium oxide integrated chitosan nanocomposites based solid phase extraction for selective and efficient detection of As, Cd, and Pb.
NaCl template-assisted construction of a CoP–MoP heterostructured electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Yunni , Tao Yinghao , Lu Zhaobing , Teng Jing , Hao Weiju , Lin Jun , Li Guisheng
Published: July 2023

A CoP–MoP heterojunction electrocatalyst is fabricated by NaCl templating strategy, exhibiting a favorable ammonia yield rate of 77.8 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 11.16% at −0.50 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Anchoring RuS2 on a multi-shelled hollow cube of CaTiO3 for ultrahigh hydrogen evolution with the assistance of a photocatalytic biorefinery
Authors: Li Xinze , Ma Jiliang , Cui Rui , Zhang Junqiang , Liu Zhendong , Sun Runcang
Published: July 2023

A RuS2@CaTiO3-x photocatalyst was developed by anchoring RuS2 onto a multi-shelled hollow cube of CaTiO3. Ultrahigh hydrogen evolution was successfully achieved through water splitting with the assistance of a photocatalytic biorefinery.
Catalytic application of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles in the synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-5,8-diones and evaluation of their anti-cancer properties
Authors: Majedi Soma , Hussain Faiq H. S. , Barzinjy Azeez A. , Tehrani Maryam Hosseinpoor , Hawaiz Farouq E.
Published: July 2023

Produced zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing Anethum graveolens extract has used for the preparation of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-5,8-diones under solvent-free conditions and at 70 °C through a three-component condensation reaction.
Electrochemical determination of tert-butylhydroquinone by ZIF-67@TiO2 derived hierarchical TiO2/Co/NCNTs
Authors: Zheng Shengbiao , Fan Jialong , Yin Feilong , Chen Jie , Hui Zhenzhen , Tang Jing , Wang Xuchun , Guo Jiahao
Published: July 2023

The scheme of the fabrication of TiO2/Co/NCNT composites, and their application for electrocatalytic oxidation of TBHQ.
In silico prediction of protein binding affinities onto core–shell PEGylated noble metal nanoparticles for rational design of drug nanocarriers
Authors: Subbotina Julia , Rouse Ian , Lobaskin Vladimir
Published: July 2023

Polymer-coated nanoparticles (NP) are commonly used as drug carriers or theranostic agents.
Introduction to emerging concepts in nucleic acids: structures, functions and applications
Authors: Bhatia Dhiraj , Kumar Maiti Prabal , Liu Xiaogang , Chandrasekaran Arun Richard
Published: July 2023

Dhiraj Bhatia, Prabal Kumar Maiti, Xiaogang Liu and Arun Richard Chandrasekaran introduce the Nanoscale, Nanoscale Advances and Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) themed collection on DNA and RNA nanotechnology.
Discovery of metal complexes with antibacterial properties in aqueous extracts of Radix scutellariae and a study of the antibacterial properties of the baicalin–manganese complex
Authors: Liu Yafeng , Jiang Chenxi , Peng Liang , Li Zhimin , Wang Jintao , Liao Xiangwen , Guo Wenying
Published: July 2023

In the process of extraction with hot water, many organic components in Radix scutellariae form complexes with metal ions. Among them, baicalin–manganese has good antibacterial activity and less tendency to cause resistance.
Linear broadband interference suppression circuit based on GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits
Authors: Robinson Megan C. , Popović Zoya , Lasser Gregor
Published: July 2023

This paper presents simulation and measurement results of a 2–4 GHz octave bandwidth interference suppression circuit. The circuit accomplishes the function of a tunable frequency notch through an interferometer architecture. The relative delay in the interferometer paths is varied with GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit tunable delay lines. The delay is adjusted by varying the drain voltage of cold‐FET connected high electron mobility transistors acting as varactors. Two types of periodically‐loaded delay lines are compared: a uniform and a tapered design. A simple theoretical study, relating the delays and amplitudes in the interferometer circuit branches, is developed to inform the design. Two interference suppression hybrid circuits are implemented, and measurements demonstrate a 25–40 dB notch across the 2.24–4 GHz range for the uniform delay line, and 2.32–4.13 GHz for the tapered design. The return loss for both designs remains below 10 dB. Measurements with two tones spaced 0.5 and 1 GHz for varying tone power are performed to quantify suppression. The circuit can handle an input power of 37 dBm and maintains performance with two simultaneous 25 dBm tones spaced 0.5 GHz apart. Linearity is characterised with 10 MHz two‐tone measurements, and the circuit demonstrates a 3rd‐order intercept input power larger than 30 dBm for control biases above −12 V.
Computationally efficient direction of arrival estimation using adaptive grid selection
Authors: Wu Yanan , Jakobsson Andreas , Liu Lutao
Published: July 2023

The authors propose a computationally efficient approach to estimate the directions of arrival of far‐field sources impinging on a sensor array. The proposed estimator is formed using a sparse reconstruction framework, employing a novel adaptive grid selection technique to reduce the dimensionality of the used dictionary matrix. The method further makes use of a SPICE‐inspired dictionary to adaptively select an appropriate regularisation parameter and to select the active grid set. An adaptive stepsize selection strategy is also introduced to reduce computation complexity further. The proposed method allows for accurate direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimates using even a single snapshot, also from weak sources. Numerical simulations indicate that the method offers preferable performance in comparison to existing state‐of‐the‐art DOA estimation algorithms.
Blood Conservation—A Team Sport
Authors: Likosky Donald S. , Dickinson Timothy A. , Paugh Theron A.
Published: July 2023

Cardiac surgery accounts for between 15% and 20% of all blood product utilization in the United States. A body of literature suggests that patients who are exposed to even small quantities of blood have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, even after adjusting for pre-operative risk. Despite this body of literature supporting a restrictive blood management strategy, wide variability in transfusion rates exist across institutions. Recent blood management guidelines have shed light on a number of potentially promising blood management strategies, including acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and retrograde autologous priming (RAP). We evaluated the literature concerning ANH and RAP, and the use of both techniques among centers participating in the Perfusion Measures and outcomes (PERForm) registry. We leveraged data concerning ANH and RAP among 10,203 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures from 2010 to 2014 at 27 medical centers. Meta-analyses have focused on the topic of ANH, with few studies focusing specifically on cardiac surgery. Two meta-analyses have been conducted to date on RAP, with many reporting higher intra-operative hematocrits and reduced transfusions. The rate of red blood cell transfusions in the setting of CABG surgery is 34.2%, although varied across institutions from 16.8% to 57.6%. Overall use of ANH was 11.6%, although the utilization varied from .0% to 75.7% across institutions. RAP use was 71.4%, although varied from .0% to 99.0% across institutions. A number of blood conservation strategies have been proposed, with varying levels of evidence from meta-analyses. This uncertainty has likely contributed to center-level differences in the utilization of these practices as evidenced by our multi-institutional database. Perfusion databases, including the PERForm registry, serve as a vehicle for perfusionist's to track their practice, and contribute to multidisciplinary team efforts aimed at assessing and improving the value of cardiac surgical care.
Seizures Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Brouwer Monique E. , McMeniman William J.
Published: July 2023

Seizures following cardiopulmonary bypass are an immediate and alarming indication that a neurologic event has occurred. A case report of a 67-year-old man undergoing aortic valve surgery who unexpectedly experiences seizures following cardiopulmonary bypass is outlined. Possible contributing factors including atheromatous disease in the aorta, low cerebral perfusion pressures, an open-chamber procedure, and the use of tranexamic acid are identified.
Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation during Transfusion Therapy
Authors: Hakim Mumin , Tumin Dmitry , Martin David P. , Samora Walter , Beebe Allan C. , Klamar Jan E. , Hodge Ashley B. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: July 2023

This study assesses the effects of transfusion of autologous or allogeneic blood on cerebral and tissue oxygenation during spinal surgery. Packed red blood cell transfusions are indicated to improve oxygen delivery to tissues. There are limited data demonstrating changes in tissue oxygenation with blood administration. Tissue (deltoid) and cerebral oxygenation were monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy during spinal surgery in patients. As indicated, cell saver or allogeneic blood was administered. Tissue and cerebral oxygenation were recorded before and after transfusion. The study enrolled 50 patients, 33 of whom (17 males and 16 females) received allogeneic blood (n= 8) or autologous blood (n= 25). Patients ranged in age from 9 to 19 years (14.0 ± 2.3 years) and in weight from 16.8 to 122.7 kg (54.6 ± 25.7 kg). Tissue oxygenation increased from 83 ± 9 (pretransfusion) to 86 ± 7 at the end of transfusion (p= .002) and remained at the same level (86 ± 7) in the post-transfusion period. Cerebral oxygenation increased from 76 ± 8 (pretransfusion) to 84 ± 8 at the end of transfusion (p< .001) and remained at 84 ± 8 in the post-transfusion period. Changes in tissue and cerebral oxygenation were similar between cell saver and allogeneic blood and between starting hemoglobin value <8 gm/dL and starting hemoglobin ≥8 gm/dL. In conclusion, although both cerebral and tissue oxygenation increased during the administration of either allogeneic or autologous blood, the clinical impact was likely limited given the high initial tissue and cerebral oxygenation values. No differences were noted between autologous (cell saver) and allogeneic blood or based on the starting hemoglobin value.
Turbulent dissipation in the boundary layer of precession-driven flow in a sphere
Authors: Shih Sheng-An , Triana Santiago Andrés , Rekier Jérémy , Dehant Véronique
Published: July 2023

The energy dissipation in a uniform vorticity flow, such as the flow in a precessing spheroid or the one associated with the earth’s free core nutation, is mainly confined to the boundary layers. However, the thinness of the boundary layer renders it difficult to study the energy dissipation in the turbulent regime, either in laboratory experiments or through direct numerical simulations. Here, we use a local Cartesian model to study the energy dissipation in the boundary layer of a precessing sphere when the flow becomes turbulent, contrasting it with the laminar case. We compute the evolution of the boundary layer over time at individual co-latitudes based on direct numerical simulations using the computational fluid dynamics solver Nek5000. We then estimate the total global dissipation by summing up individual contributions. A comparison with known analytical results in the laminar case validates this approach. We briefly discuss the applications to the lunar and the earth’s core cases.
Identification and targeting of a unique Na
V
1.7 domain driving chronic pain
Authors: Gomez Kimberly , Stratton Harrison J. , Duran Paz , Loya Santiago , Tang Cheng , Calderon-Rivera Aida , François-Moutal Liberty , Khanna May , Madura Cynthia L. , Luo Shizhen , McKiver Bryan , Choi Edward , Ran Dongzhi , Boinon Lisa , Perez-Miller Samantha , Damaj M. Imad , Moutal Aubin , Khanna Rajesh
Published: July 2023

Small molecules directly targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) Na
V
1.7 have not been clinically successful. We reported that preventing the addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier onto the Na
V
1.7-interacting cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) blocked Na
V
1.7 function and was antinociceptive in rodent models of neuropathic pain. Here, we discovered a CRMP2 regulatory sequence (CRS) unique to Na
V
1.7 that is essential for this regulatory coupling. CRMP2 preferentially bound to the Na
V
1.7 CRS over other Na
V
isoforms. Substitution of the Na
V
1.7 CRS with the homologous domains from the other eight VGSC isoforms decreased Na
V
1.7 currents. A cell-penetrant decoy peptide corresponding to the Na
V
1.7-CRS reduced Na
V
1.7 currents and trafficking, decreased presynaptic Na
V
1.7 expression, reduced spinal CGRP release, and reversed nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia. Importantly, the Na
V
1.7-CRS peptide did not produce motor impairment, nor did it alter physiological pain sensation, which is essential for survival. As a proof-of-concept for a Na
V
1.7 -targeted gene therapy, we packaged a plasmid encoding the Na
V
1.7-CRS in an AAV virus. Treatment with this virus reduced Na
V
1.7 function in both rodent and rhesus macaque sensory neurons. This gene therapy reversed and prevented mechanical allodynia in a model of nerve injury and reversed mechanical and cold allodynia in a model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. These findings support the conclusion that the CRS domain is a targetable region for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
Post-editing and a sustainable future for translators
Authors: Yamada Masaru
Published: July 2023

Many translators and language service providers (LSPs)
emphasize a distinction between human translation (HT) and post-editing
(PE). As the perceived divide between the two tasks grows, the differing
social status of HT and PE becomes more pronounced. This has consequences
for professional identity as well as compensation. But are HT and PE
substantially different? We examine this question, mainly by reinterpreting
previous studies in translation process research. Based on these findings,
we argue that HT and PE are not radically different in terms of the skills
and effort required to achieve their shared goal of ensuring consistent,
quality translations. Therefore, the perception among practitioners and LSPs
of PE being easier and of lesser quality than HT may be baseless.
An eye-tracking study of productivity and effort in Chinese-to-English
translation and post-editing
Authors: Sun Juan , Lu Zhi , Lacruz Isabel , Ma Lijun , Fan Lin , Huang Xiuhua , Zhou Bo
Published: July 2023

For several language pairs, an emerging consensus finds
that post-editing of machine translations is faster and less cognitively
effortful than from-scratch human translation, resulting in increased
translator productivity and decreased translator fatigue. These benefits
have yet to be robustly established in some language pairs that are
linguistically and culturally remote with very different writing systems. We
carry out a systematic Chinese-to-English study using keystroke logger
timing measures and eye-tracking measures of cognitive effort, taking into
account translator education levels, different source text domains, and
quality of the translation product. We observe significant post-editing
productivity gains for more highly educated participants and for more
straightforward and less technical texts. Measures of cognitive effort show
significantly reduced cognitive effort in post-editing.
Recent claims of human-machine parity in translation highlight core
issues surrounding the human evaluation of machine translation
Authors: Gilbert Devin
Published: July 2023

In 2018, the first claims of empirical backing for
human-machine parity in translation (HMPT) emerged at the WMT18 Conference
on Machine Translation and in a study using WMT resources. Other researchers
quickly refuted these claims, pointing to a flawed human evaluation
campaign. Subsequent HMPT claims at WMT19 were also empirically refuted.
This chapter discusses the evolution of recommendations for human evaluation
of MT stemming from these claims to HMPT and evaluates possibilities of HMPT
at WMT20 in the context of these recommendations. Finally, we summarize all
criteria for human evaluation of MT based on recent literature.
In the eye of the beholder
Authors: Xiao Kairong , Li Wanyu
Published: July 2023

Frequent use of metaphors is a distinctive feature of the
Chinese scholar Qian Zhongshu’s popular novel Weicheng
(Fortress Besieged). Its English translation by Jeanne
Kelly and Nathan K. Mao was well received in the English-speaking world.
What are readers’ responses to and comments on the metaphors in this novel,
and how are the translated metaphors received by target language readers,
compared to their reception by source language readers? Our big data based
study uses sentiment analysis to break new ground and improve our
understanding of English readers’ reception of English translations of
Chinese metaphors, which inevitably impose a heavy cultural load. We also discuss
the implications of the differences with Chinese readers’ reception of
metaphors in the original work.
Subtitling in transition
Authors: Karakanta Alina , Orrego-Carmona David
Published: July 2023

One of the largest projects of volunteer subtitling is
the TED Talk Translators programme, with more than 3000 talks subtitled in
115 languages, the programme has been constantly adapting to respond to the
increasing popularity of TED Talks with a robust quality assurance process,
training material and adoption of tools. In this work, we pose the question
of whether this constant transition and refinement of the workflows has an
effect on the quality of the subtitles and their adequacy. Our corpus-based
investigation using subtitling and linguistic features provides evidence in
favour of a chronological transition from a “plain” translation of the
source transcript, which does not consider subtitling constraints, to
well-formed subtitles.
Economy and efficiency of note-taking in consecutive interpreting from
English to Chinese
Authors: Xu Shengyi , Pan Jun , Carl Michael
Published: July 2023

Note-taking serves an important memory-supporting role in
consecutive interpreting. It greatly facilitates the reproduction of the
same message in another language. Previous research mainly focused on
note-taking and interpreting performance but studies failed to reach
consensus on whether and how choice of form and language in note-taking
influences interpreting performance. This was possibly due to lack of
consistency in annotation of the notes and the fact that note-taking itself
diverts interpreters’ attention from listening to the source language and
analyzing the message. We take a different perspective on note-taking,
exploring economy and efficiency and using empirical data to examine their
interrelationship. We also propose a novel classification and annotation
schema, which can be used in future large-scale investigations.
Impact of word alignment on word translation entropy and other
metrics
Authors: Gilbert Devin , Toledo-Báez Cristina , Carl Michael , Espino Haydeé
Published: July 2023

Many of the findings from studies using the Center for
Research and Innovation in Translation and Translation Technology (CRITT)
Translation Process Research Database (TPR-DB) framework rely on
word(s)-to-word(s) alignments of the source text and target text. However,
little research has been done on the impacts different alignment methods
have on these findings. This study compares two different manual word
alignment methods and four automatic word alignment methods on the basis of
one English-Spanish TPR-DB study that has been used extensively (the BML12
dataset). We replicate past findings from the BML12 dataset using these
different alignments in order to determine the impact of alignment, and we
present qualitative/quantitative analyses of the different word-alignment
methods.
The Monitor Model and its misconceptions
Authors: Carl Michael
Published: July 2023

Horizontal (automatic) and vertical (control) processes
have been observed and reported for a long time in translation production.
Schaeffer and Carl’s Monitor Model integrates these two processes into one
framework, assuming that priming mechanisms underlie horizontal/automatic
processes, while vertical/monitoring processes implement consciously
accessible control mechanisms. The Monitor Model has been criticized in
various ways and several misconceptions have accumulated over the past
years. In this chapter, I update the Monitor Model with additional evidence
and argue that it is compatible with an enactivist approach to cognition. I
address several misconceptions related to the Monitor Model.
Degrees of negative judgement
Authors: Dai Xin
Published: July 2023

Studies on sentencing are dominated by normative studies prescribing how judges should sentence. Few studies
examine how judges actually sentence. This study provides an insight into the empirical reality of judges’ sentencing practices by
examining their negative judgements (of propriety) of offenders and their behaviour in six sentencing
remarks. It finds that judges are doing more appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are below or much higher than the
starting point, but less appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are just a few years above the starting point. Such
findings demonstrate that the starting point has a binding power on judges’ sentencing practices despite judges having the
discretion to arrive at a sentencing decision of any length (whatever the starting point). Findings of the current study could
provide meaningful starting points for future examination of large quantities of sentencing remarks.
Straight and twisted Weyl nodal line phonons in Ho2CF2 material
Authors: Kang 康 Xin-Yue 鑫越 , Li 李 Jin-Yang 金洋 , Li 李 Si 思
Published: July 2023

Based on first-principles calculations, symmetry analysis and model construction, we predict that Ho2CF2 hosts both straight and twisted Weyl nodal lines in its bulk phonon spectrum. We identify that the top two phonon bands entangle with each other, forming two straight Weyl nodal lines on the K–H and K′–H′ paths at the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundary, and six twisted Weyl nodal lines within the BZ. All the Weyl nodal lines along the kz
direction and across the entire BZ. The symmetry analysis indicates that these Weyl nodal lines are protected by the

P
T

symmetry and crystal symmetry. The Berry phase and drumhead-like nontrivial surface states are calculated. We also construct a tight-binding model to describe these nodal lines. Our work provides an excellent material platform for exploring the fascinating physics associated with straight and twisted Weyl nodal line phonons.
Evidence of interactive effects of late-pregnancy exposure to air pollution and extreme temperature on preterm birth in China: a nationwide study
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Liu Ruixia , Yu Yunjiang , Zhang Zheng , Knibbs Luke D , Jalaludin Bin , Morawska Lidia , Dharmage Shyamali C , Heinrich Joachim , Papatheodorou Stefania , Guo Yuming , Xu Yangyang , Jin Ling , Guo Yike , Yue Wentao , Yao Jilong , Zhang Yue , Wang Chengrong , Gao Shen , Zhang Enjie , Su Shaofei , Zhu Tong , Dong Guang-Hui , Gao Meng , Yin Chenghong
Published: July 2023

Perinatal exposure to heat and air pollution has been shown to affect the risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, limited evidence exists regarding their joint effects, particularly in heavily polluted regions like China. This study utilized data from the ongoing China Birth Cohort Study, including 103 040 birth records up to December 2020, and hourly measurements of air pollution (PM2.5, NO2, and O3) and temperature. We assessed the nonlinear associations between air pollution and temperature extereme exposures and PTB by employing generalized additive models with restricted cubic slines. Air pollution and temperature thresholds (corresponding to minimum PTB risks) were determined by the lowest Akaike Information Criterion. We found that maternal exposures to PM2.5, NO2, O3, and both low and high temperature during the third trimester of pregnancy were independently associated with increased risk of PTB. The adjusted risk ratios for PTB of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and temperature at the 95th percentile against thresholds were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.42), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.50), 1.44 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.56) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.56, 1.85), respectively. Positive additive interactions [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) > 0] of PM2.5–high temperature (HT), O3–HT, O3–low temperature (LT) are identified, but the interactive effects of PM2.5 and LT were negative (RERI < 0). These observed independent effects of air pollution and temperature, along with their potential joint effects, have important implications for future studies and the development of public health policies aimed at improving perinatal health outcomes.
Thomson decompositions of measures in the disk
Authors: Malman Bartosz
Published: July 2023

We study the classical problem of identifying the structure of

P

2

(
μ
)

\mathcal {P}^2(\mu )

, the closure of analytic polynomials in the Lebesgue space

L
2

(
μ
)

L^2(\mu )

of a compactly supported Borel measure

μ
\mu

living in the complex plane. In his influential work, Thomson [Ann. of Math. (2) 133 (1991), pp. 477–507] showed that the space decomposes into a full

L
2

L^2

-space and other pieces which are essentially spaces of analytic functions on domains in the plane. For a family of measures

μ
\mu

supported on the closed unit disk

D

¯

\overline {\mathbb {D}}

which have a part on the open disk

D

\mathbb {D}

which is similar to the Lebesgue area measure, and a part on the unit circle

T

\mathbb {T}

which is the restriction of the Lebesgue linear measure to a general measurable subset

E
E

of

T

\mathbb {T}

, we extend the ideas of Khrushchev and calculate the exact form of the Thomson decomposition of the space

P

2

(
μ
)

\mathcal {P}^2(\mu )

. It turns out that the space splits according to a certain natural decomposition of measurable subsets of

T

\mathbb {T}

which we introduce. We highlight applications to the theory of the Cauchy integral operator and de Branges-Rovnyak spaces.
S

ub-

C

luster

I

dentification through

S

emi-

S

upervised

O

ptimization of

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are-Cell

S

ilhouettes (SCISSORS) in single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Leary Jack R , Xu Yi , Morrison Ashley B , Jin Chong , Shen Emily C , Kuhlers Peyton C , Su Ye , Rashid Naim U , Yeh Jen Jen , Peng Xianlu Laura
Published: July 2023

Motivation

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the molecular profiling of thousands to millions of cells simultaneously in biologically heterogenous samples. Currently, the common practice in scRNA-seq is to determine cell type labels through unsupervised clustering and the examination of cluster-specific genes. However, even small differences in analysis and parameter choosing can greatly alter clustering results and thus impose great influence on which cell types are identified. Existing methods largely focus on determining the optimal number of robust clusters, which can be problematic for identifying cells of extremely low abundance due to their subtle contributions toward overall patterns of gene expression.

Results

Here, we present a carefully designed framework, SCISSORS, which accurately profiles subclusters within broad cluster(s) for the identification of rare cell types in scRNA-seq data. SCISSORS employs silhouette scoring for the estimation of heterogeneity of clusters and reveals rare cells in heterogenous clusters by a multi-step semi-supervised reclustering process. Additionally, SCISSORS provides a method for the identification of marker genes of high specificity to the cell type. SCISSORS is wrapped around the popular Seurat R package and can be easily integrated into existing Seurat pipelines.

Availability and implementation

SCISSORS, including source code and vignettes, are freely available at https://github.com/jr-leary7/SCISSORS.
Aspirin chemoprevention in colorectal cancer: network meta-analysis of low, moderate, and high doses
Authors: Shah Devansh , Di Re Angelina , Toh James W T
Published: July 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer, with nearly 2 million cases worldwide and just under 1 million deaths in 2020. Several trials have demonstrated that aspirin has the potential to reduce the incidence and/or recurrence of colorectal cancer; however, the optimal aspirin dose is unclear.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library from database inception to 2 February 2022. Data from RCTs in which the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients without active colorectal cancer assigned to aspirin versus control were included. Two investigators independently identified studies and abstracted data. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias 2 tool. The study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Aspirin dose was stratified into low (50–163 mg/day), mid (164–325 mg/day), and high (500–1200 mg/day).

Results

Thirteen articles representing 11 RCTs (92 550 participants) were included, with studies assessing aspirin as primary prophylaxis in general or high-risk populations, and as secondary prophylaxis for metachronous colorectal cancer. There was a statistically significant reduction in colorectal cancer incidence in the high-dose aspirin group compared with the group that received no aspirin or placebo (OR 0.69, 95 per cent credible interval 0.50 to 0.96; surface under the cumulative ranking 0.82). There was no statistically significant difference between mid- and low-dose aspirin versus no aspirin/placebo.

Conclusion

In this network meta-analysis of RCTs, high-dose aspirin was associated with a reduction in colorectal cancer incidence. However, this was based on a limited number of trials. This study did not show a statistically significant risk reduction in colorectal cancer incidence with mid- or low-dose aspirin.
Salvation and Health in Southern Appalachia: What the Opioid Crisis Reveals about Health Care and the Church
Authors: McCarty Brett
Published: July 2023

This essay examines the interconnected nature of salvation and health, and it does so by engaging both recent qualitative research and three scriptural accounts from the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. In doing so, the essay argues that salvation and health—and their conceptual pairings, sin and disease—are never individualistic. These realities are always cosmic, communal, and interpersonal, even as sin and disease are fundamentally disintegrating and isolating. The salvation and health of people suffering with substance use issues are bound up with the transformations of governing principalities and powers, social realities, and relationships. Health care practitioners and clergy should be wise, communal guides offering care and accompaniment in the pursuit of salvation and health.
Scientists without borders: lessons from Ukraine
Authors: Wolfsberger Walter , Chhugani Karishma , Shchubelka Khrystyna , Frolova Alina , Salyha Yuriy , Zlenko Oksana , Arych Mykhailo , Dziuba Dmytro , Parkhomenko Andrii , Smolanka Volodymyr , Gümüş Zeynep H , Sezgin Efe , Diaz-Lameiro Alondra , Toth Viktor R , Maci Megi , Bortz Eric , Kondrashov Fyodor , Morton Patricia M , Łabaj Paweł P , Romero Veronika , Hlávka Jakub , Mangul Serghei , Oleksyk Taras K
Published: July 2023

Conflicts and natural disasters affect entire populations of the countries involved and, in addition to the thousands of lives destroyed, have a substantial negative impact on the scientific advances these countries provide. The unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the devastating earthquake in Turkey and Syria, and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East are just a few examples. Millions of people have been killed or displaced, their futures uncertain. These events have resulted in extensive infrastructure collapse, with loss of electricity, transportation, and access to services. Schools, universities, and research centers have been destroyed along with decades’ worth of data, samples, and findings. Scholars in disaster areas face short- and long-term problems in terms of what they can accomplish now for obtaining grants and for employment in the long run. In our interconnected world, conflicts and disasters are no longer a local problem but have wide-ranging impacts on the entire world, both now and in the future. Here, we focus on the current and ongoing impact of war on the scientific community within Ukraine and from this draw lessons that can be applied to all affected countries where scientists at risk are facing hardship. We present and classify examples of effective and feasible mechanisms used to support researchers in countries facing hardship and discuss how these can be implemented with help from the international scientific community and what more is desperately needed. Reaching out, providing accessible training opportunities, and developing collaborations should increase inclusion and connectivity, support scientific advancements within affected communities, and expedite postwar and disaster recovery.
Seasonal Changes in Hematological Parameters in House Sparrows of Subtropical Pakistan
Authors: Nimra S , Kayani A R , Irfan M , Ahmed M S
Published: July 2023

Synopsis

House sparrow is a globally adaptive bird. The way this creature adapted to all areas of the world, having different selection pressures, is interesting to understand. The present study is focused on seasonal changes, having different selection pressures and how it is adapted to these changes and whether hematological flexibility plays a role in this success. House sparrow's adaptations in the same area, during different seasons, have been studied in a sub-tropical area, Potohar, Pakistan. We used hematological parameter analysis for this purpose. Blood samples were collected from Sparrows in winter, spring, and summer and analyzed for some hematological parameters. White blood cells (WBCs) were higher in spring and summer which may relate to mating promiscuity. Sparrows were more stressed in summer. The Red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) were greater in summer. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is lower in summer. This may have an adaptation to cope with high stress in summer as small-size RBCs increase gaseous exchange. Platelets were not affected by season or gender. Mean corpuscular volume and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) are positively correlated with each other. Red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCV were higher in males during the spring season perhaps as an adaptation to energetic activities during spring like mating calls and search for nesting sites. White blood cells remained the same in both genders in summer and winter, and effected in spring may be related to the mating system. Behavioral state is linked with physiological states that shows tradeoff and life history traits. This study is a small effort to know this incredible species. We can work further in different parts of the world to explore different aspects of it.
Relative activity of 15 bacterial strains against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, and Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Cao Sheng-Kai , Du Xing-Xing , Chen Gong , Zeng Ai-Ping , Yu Huan
Published: July 2023

Crystal toxins produced by different strains of entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been characterized and widely applied as commercial biological pesticides owing to their excellent insecticidal properties. This study aimed to identify novel bacterial strains effective in controlling Spodoptera exigua Hübner, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Fifteen culturable bacterial strains were isolated from 60 dead larvae (H. armigera and S. exigua) collected in the field. The biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences of these strains indicated that one strain (B7) was Lysinibacillus sp., 12 strains (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and DW) were Bt kurstaki, and P2-2 and B2 were Bacillus velezensis subsp. Laboratory bioassays indicated that strains B3, P6, B6, and P4 showed high toxicity to second-instar larvae of S. exigua, with LC50 values of 5.11, 6.74, 205.82, and 595.93 µg/ml, respectively; while the strains P5, B5, B6, and P6, were the most efficient against second-instar larvae of H. armigera with LC50 values of 725.82, 11,022.72, 1,282.90, 2,005.28, respectively, and strains DW, P3, P2, and B4 had high insecticidal activity against second-instar larvae of S. litura with LC50 values of 576.69, 1,660.96, 6,309.42, and 5,486.10 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, several Bt kurstaki strains with good toxicity potential were isolated and identified in this study. These strains are expected to be useful for biointensive integrated pest management programs to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides.
The safety and utility of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for effective blood–brain barrier penetration in the treatment of glioblastoma: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ayantayo Temitayo , Emhemed Marwa S A , Nabin Asadur R , Murhega Roméo B , Eltingary Mazin M , Naeem Ahmed , Mugenyi Nathan , Ibekwe Jonas L , Akano Lordstrong , Mustapha Mubarak J , Maroo Bhavya R , Abongha Gobti B , Dossou Mèhomè W , Agada Nicaise K , Bankole Nourou D A , Kyaruzi Victor M
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive central nervous system tumours with suboptimal treatment options and associated poor prognosis. A major impediment to systemic treatment is the limitation of drug delivery to the tumour by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several novel techniques to permeate the BBB have been described, however of significant promise is the disruption of the blood brain barrier with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) to facilitate the delivery of varying therapeutic agents. This emerging technique has been demonstrated in clinical studies to enhance delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumour. This study protocol seeks to guide the comprehensive review of literature concerning the safety and utility of LIPU for effective BBB penetration in the treatment of GBM. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA ScR) guideline 2020. The search strategy was performed on four databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All observational and human randomised controlled studies describing the use of LIPU in the treatment of GBM will be included. Excluded studies include non-human randomized control trials, abstract only articles, letters to the editor, conference proceedings. Our outcomes include frequency of LIPU used, duration of intervention, clinical outcomes, complications, and challenges associated with the use of LIPU. This study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of this technique in the management of the GBM and proscribe its use if found effective to improve the outcomes in these patients.