bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nagylepke fauna felmérése a Biodiverzitás Napok alkalmából a zselici Gyűrűfűn (Lepidoptera: Macrolepidoptera)
Authors: Ábrahám Levente , Uherkovich Ákos , Szeőke Kálmán
Published: January 2023

In this paper the authors summarized the results of research work carried out at Gyűrűfű in the framework of the Hungarian Biodiversity Days (2006-2008). In 1 km2 area covered with several different types of habitats altogether 273 butterfly and larger moth species were detected by netting, lighting, portable light trapping and sugaring. The most interesting Natura 2000, protected or rare species in Hungary are: Parnassius mnemosyne, Maculinea alcon, Euphydryas maturna, Eriogaster catax, Eriogaster lanestris, Perconia strigillaria, Apamea syriaca tallosi, Arytrura musculus, Meganephria bimaculosa, Polypogon gryphalis.
Gyűrűfű szitakötő (Odonata) faunája a Biodiverzitás Napok gyűjtései alapján
Authors: Tóth Sándor
Published: January 2023

In the course of 2006-2007, the author carried out an investigation on the dragonfly fauna on the surrounding Gyűrűfű in the framework of the Biodiversity Days. Altogether 24 species were recorded from the sampling area that was about 1 km2 with two brooks and drying up marsh. The most important species is Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979, a strictly protected and Natura 2000 species. Coenagrion ornatum (Sélys-Longchamps, 1850) and Orthetrum brunneum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837), protected species were also found. Pyrrhosoma nymphula interposita Varga, 1968 is important from faunistical and zoogeographical point of view.
Sawflies of the Zselic Hills, SW Hungary (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
Authors: Haris Attila
Published: January 2023

The first paper on sawflies of Zselicség (Hungary, South-West Transdanubia) is presented. 192 sawfly species are recorded. Paracharactus (Dicrostema) gracilicornis (Zaddach, 1859) is a new record for the Hungarian sawfly fauna.
Distribution of Oporopsamma wertheimsteini (Rebel, 1913) in Central Europe (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Fazekas Imre , Lesar Tone
Published: January 2023

Data are reported on the geographical distribution of Oporopsamma wertheimsteini (Rebel, 1913) in Central Europe. Structure of genitalia and morphological characteristics of wings are illustrated by figures. The habitats and Central European distribution of the species are described. With 5 figures.
A fehér gólya (Ciconia ciconia) állomány vizsgálata Dél-Somogyban, az 1991-2000. években
Authors: Fenyősi László
Published: January 2023

In the course of 1991-2000, the author carried out a population survey of white stork in South Somogy county (1200 km2). 46 villages and 22 farms were regularly checked by years. During the examination the number of breeding pairs (Hpa) were about 99-102 and 143-148, so the density (StD) were 8.25-12.33 pairs/100 km2. There were the lowest the portion of successful breeding (HPm) (49.6%) in 1997, while the highest (83.3%) was in 1994. In 1996, 1994 and 2000, the total numbers of juveniles (JZG) were the highest. Between 1991-2000, the survey pointed out that 34.6% increasing in the percentage of nests.
Data for external morphometry of stone marten, polecat and weasel in Hungary
Authors: Lanszki József , Valkár Béla
Published: January 2023

External morphologic parameters of the stone marten (Martes foina), polecat (Mustela putorius) and weasel (Mustela nivalis) were examined by means of carcasses (n=93, 34 and 12, respectively) collected between 1984 and 2009. The adult males were significantly bigger than the females, in body weight (BW) and all studied measurements, such as body length (BL), tail length (TL), hind foot length and ear length. Mean BW of adult stone martens was 1703 g and 1309 g, BL 450 mm and 419 mm, TL 255 mm and 241 mm in males and females, respectively. Mean BW of adult polecats was 1363 g and 728 g, BL 410 mm and 358 mm, TL 158 mm and 143 mm in males and females, respectively. Mean BW of adult male weasels was 146 g, BL 213 mm, and TL 69 mm.
A contribution to knowledge of woodwasps from Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Háva Jiří
Published: January 2023

Siricosoma reverentia sp. nov. from Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared to Siricosoma tremecoides Forsius, 1933.
New data on Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) fauna of Turkey
Authors: Bulak Korkmaz Yeşim , Kaplan Emin
Published: January 2023

Fifteen Braconidae species were collected from Bingol, Diyarbakır, Iğdır and Kars provinces between 2016 and 2021. Collection localities, hosts, zoogeographic regions and distribution of the species are also provided.
A biodiverzitás-változás nyomon követése nagylepkék (Lepidoptera) vizsgálatával Sellye környékén, 1967–2022
Authors: Uherkovich Ákos
Published: January 2023

633 species of butterflies and larger moths were detected around Sellye during the sixties and seventies of the last century. Several rare and interesting species were documented in those lowland oakhornbeam woodlands, riverine oak-elm-ash woodlands, and riverine ash-alder woodlands. After more than fifty years, during the years 2019-2022, we again visited this area to examine the composition and change of lepidopterous fauna, mostly the larger moths. The same sampling methods were applied in the recent surveys, but a UV-A compact fluorescent tube together with a normal compact fluorescent tube was used instead of a mercury vapour bulb, in the year 2022. Sometimes a small portable light trap was also applied, it was fitted with 12 Volt UV fluorescent LEDs. We visited the same (Gilvánfa) and similar sites (Marócsa, Páprád, Teklafalu) regularly, and sometimes some another sites. During this recent period altogether 437 lepidopterous species were taken. 53 of them were not detected in the first collecting period. Number of all known species grew up to 687 in the Sellye region. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the collection of Rippl-Rónai Museum, Kaposvár. The most important catch was three imogoes of Arytrura musculus (Ménétriés, 1859) during the years 2020 and 2022. Table 2 presents all the collected species in the past and recent periods, their quantity by group of sites (past) or by year (recent period). This table is completed by data of Kisdobsza and Potony, which sites are situated a slightly further away but in similar types of forests. Some of the 53 newly recorded species – e.g. Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767), Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758), Eilicrinia cordiaria (Hübner, 1790), Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767), Eugnorisma depuncta (Linnaeus, 1761) – are characteristic of drier biotopes, while some of them – e.g. Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809), Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) – are immigrant ones. Contrary 250 species were not caught in recent years. About a hundred species were not taken due to the methods. Daytime observations or collections hardly were applied. On the other hand, we did not visit those area during the early spring (March, April) and late autumn (November), so the very early and very late flying species were not registered. Thus about 150 species were not taken very probably due to climate change: increasing of temperature, less precipitation and extreme meteorological phenomena. The decrease of biodiversity is a general observation not only here but in other types of biotopes.
Recent Advances, Challenges, Opportunities, Product Development and Sustainability of Main Agricultural Wastes for the Aquaculture Feed Industry – A Review
Authors: Kari Zulhisyam Abdul , Sukri Suniza Anis Mohamad , Rusli Nor Dini , Mat Khairiyah , Mahmud M.B. , Zakaria Nik Nur Azwanida , Wee Wendy , Hamid Noor Khalidah Abdul , Kabir Muhammad Anamul , Ariff Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad , Abidin Shahriman Zainal , Zakaria Muhammad Khairulanam , Goh Khang Wen , Khoo Martina Irwan , Van Doan Hien , Tahiluddin Albaris , Wei Lee Seong
Published: January 2023

Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
Growing media, water stress and re-watering effects on the growth and dry matter production of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Mintah Lemuel Ohemeng , Ofosu-Budu Godfred Kwabena , Osei-Bonsu Nana Oduro , Ulzen Jacob , Danso Eric Oppong
Published: January 2023

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seedlings are very sensitive to water stress during the nursery stage and early field establishment. Sawdust, carbonated rice husk, and compost in the following ratios (i) 60: 40: 0 – M1, (ii) 60: 30: 10 – M2, (iii) 60: 20: 20 – M3, (iv) 60: 10: 30 – M4, (v) 60: 0: 40 – M5, and (vi) topsoil – M6 as control were used to investigate the effect of growing media, water stress, and re-watering on the growth, dry matter production, and partitioning of cocoa seedlings. Each combination was subjected to water stress 6 weeks after sowing for a period of 4 weeks, after which they were rewatered. Plant height, stem girth, leaf number and area, and seedling biomass were significantly higher in soilless potting media as compared to topsoil. M4 and M5 significantly recorded the highest total dry weight, plant height, stem girth, leaf number, leaf area, and root volume before imposition of water stress. Following imposition of water stress, cocoa seedlings grown in M4 and M5 showed a recovery that was superior to the other growing media, indicating that higher proportions of compost together with sawdust and carbonated rice husk provide an alternative for growing cocoa seedlings.
Digital Methods of Working time Management in a Flexible Labor Market
Authors: Charnavalau Aliaksandr Viktor , Kuźmicki Marek Grzegorz , Charnavalava Zanna Vasylij
Published: January 2023

Subject and purpose of the work: Working time management has become particularly relevant by mid-20th century. It has now become one of the top areas of interest for scientists who conduct research on management. This study is designed to review and evaluate selected new forms of work organization in the reality of today’s digital economy.

Materials and methods: This research was based on literature review covering scientific publications exploring working time management and forms of work organization in the digital economy. A descriptive method was used.

Results: The latest information technologies, computerization and digitization, the use of mobile devices and smartphones, and advanced geolocation technologies add a new dimension to the modern types and methods of working time management. The development of the digital economy accelerates and drives the transformation of the labor market, promoting the uptake of flexible employment systems, which produces multiple types of remuneration and working time systems, and leads to a variety of forms of employment contracts and their reduced duration.

Conclusions: Digital technology creates a virtual labor market which is dominated by informal and flexible forms of employment based on outsourcing programs, individual orders, and fixed deadlines with are not accompanied by any regulations of the contractor’s working time. Under these conditions, flexibility and multifunctionality, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions are the key features that make a particular employee competitive.
Water Accessibility Challenges, and Implications on Children in Rural Border Communities of Oyo-Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Kehinde Olayinka
Published: January 2023

Subject and purpose of the work: This study examined water accessibility challenges, and the implications on children in rural border communities of Nigeria.

Materials and methods: Primary data were used, and children (5-16 years) were respondents to the interview and questionnaire.

Results: The study revealed there were more male children (58%) than female children (42%) and many of them were in the age bracket 11–15 years with about (53.9%) of them without formal education. The results further revealed that 69.9% of the respondents indicated that their major source of water is a stream and river. Also, the majority of the respondents (71%) trek long distances and (82.9%) spend more than 30 minutes travelling to collect water in distant villages especially during the dry season. This situation usually takes them away from their education and even affect their school attendance.

Conclusions: The study recommended the need for the equitable provision of an improved water supply and ensure children are secured in collecting water for their households.
Spatial patterning of Gonystylus brunnescens in eastern Borneo
Authors: Brearley Francis Q. , Mansur Muhammad , Eichhorn Markus P.
Published: January 2023

Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers.
Allometries of Acer negundo for a better space management in two cities of northeastern Greece
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Styliani , Kitikidou Kyriaki , Milios Elias
Published: January 2023

The ability to estimate the space volume that a tree occupies, in various heights, is a crucial factor in designing the street trees schedule in pavements of new urban infrastructures. The dimensions of Acer negundo tree crown in various heights can be the basis for a better space management in the pavements of cities. In this study, the height and the crown width of the A. negundo street trees in the Greek cities of Orestiada and Alexandroupoli and the allometric relations that can be found between them, were investigated. Data from 117 street trees growing in semi-permeable pavements of the two cities were used. In each selected tree, the total height (H), and the maximum and minimum crown diameter (CW) were measured. The selected model (CW-H) for Alexandroupoli exhibits a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. The R2 of the model selected for Orestiada is lower (R2 = 0.66). The R2 of the model selected using the complete dataset is 0.77. A. negundo appears to have greater crown width in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada. In Orestiada the conditions of growth were variable since in many cases the measured trees were under side shade, while this not the case in the corresponding trees in Alexandroupoli. The better fit of the selected model in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada is probably due to the more variable growth conditions of Orestiada.
Adhesion Molecules and Vulnerable Plaques – Promoters of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Opincariu Diana , Benedek Theodora
Published: January 2023

Biological factors that characterize extrinsic plaque vulnerability include various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Adhesion molecules are among the initiators of the atherosclerotic process, by mediation of endothelial inflammation. The soluble forms of these adhesion molecules have been identified in the circulatory blood, with an increased level in case of subjects with atherosclerotic lesions and higher levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes or vulnerable plaques. In addition, several authors have found a significant predictive capacity of these molecules in case of patients presenting with acute coronary and cerebrovascular events. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a short description of the role of adhesion molecules in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions towards acute coronary syndromes, as well as their capacity for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in vulnerable cardiovascular patients.
Go First Dice for Five Players and Beyond.
Authors: Ford Robert , Grime James , Harshbarger Eric , Pollock Brian
Published: January 2023

Before a game begins, the players need to decide the order of play. This order of play is determined by each player rolling a die. Does there exist a set of dice such that draws are excluded and each order of play is equally likely? For four players the solution involves four 12-sided dice, sold commercially as Go First Dice. However, the solution for five players remained an open question. We present two solutions. The first solution has a particular mathematical structure known as binary dice, and results in a set of five 60-sided dice, where every place is equally likely. The second solution is an inductive construction that results in one one 36-sided die; two 48-sided dice; one 54-sided die; and one 20-sided die, where each permutation is equally likely.
Assessing the Nexus Between Education, Economic Growth, and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Boţoroga Cosmin-Alin , Horobeţ Alexandra , Belaşcu Lucian , Smedoiu Popoviciu Alexandra , Gîrlovan Aura
Published: January 2023

Countries with a higher proportion of tertiary education graduates are wealthier and offer more diverse and motivating career opportunities to individuals, including students. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have examined the impact of education on wages and economic development and the impact of R&D and innovation on economic and social progress. However, research has focused less on the specific impact of education components (competencies, learning methods, information and communications, technology, and infrastructure) on economic development and innovation. The paper uses quantitative research methodology and dynamic panel models explore the impact of education on economic development, wages, and innovation in the European Union countries and countries that participate in PISA testing, over the period 2012-2019. The data was gathered from Eurostat, and the time period studied ranged from 2012 to 2019. We found evidence that the substantial funding of R&D and education, which promote innovation, supports a country’s need to develop and distinguish itself from others that underfund the most critical areas of economic development. The implications of this study are significant for Romania’s academic and political environments, as it encourages changes in educational policies that will consider the multifaceted impact of educational components on development through innovation.
A Review of the Literature on International Joint Ventures: A Bibliometric Study for the Period 1975-2019
Authors: Costa Francisco , Forte Rosa
Published: January 2023

Extensive literature on the subject of International Joint Ventures (IJVs) has developed during the last few decades. This work aims at identifying the main trends in this literature using a bibliometric analysis. The analysis of 507 studies published between 1975 and 2019 has allowed for the identification of key authors and journals and has revealed that the literature is focused on topics related to performance and success factors, knowledge acquisition and management, control and developing economies such as China. Thus, future research can focus on topics that have been neglected such as corporate social responsibility, legitimacy and absorptive capacity, and the study of countries and regions relatively neglected.
Social Media Profiling for the Development of Online Marketing Strategies
Authors: Fuciu Mircea
Published: January 2023

Social media has become an almost permanent presence in our lives and in the business world. In the last two decades the marketing activity has changed greatly due to the development, of social interaction platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or TikTok. The usage of social media marketing has created new challenges for the marketing specialists which needed to adapt and adjust their strategies to meet the direction but the business environment is going. Among the challenges that the marketing world is facing when using social media is that of profiling the consumers (current and potential) in order to achieve a successful marketing strategy and therefore lead to higher financial gains. The current paper aims to bring forward the importance of social media profiling in the marketing activity while underlining some important theoretical aspects about social media and profiling and at the same time presenting the results over short secondary data analysis that shows some general profiles for Instagram and TikTok user, with a direct link to the evolution of the revenues generated by the advertising done on the two mentioned social media platforms.
The State as a Driver for Good Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Keremidchiev Spartak , Nedelchev Miroslav
Published: January 2023

The state, represented by the legislature and the executive power, is committed to create a pattern for good corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). First attempt to formulate such principles for private companies listed in the stock exchange emerged in the UK. Considering the size and importance of state sector, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gradually adopted and recommended similar principles for SOEs. They are the most commonly recognized and accepted pattern for good corporate governance of SOEs throughout the world. The study aims to evaluate the current level of compliance with these principles in Bulgaria (2016–2018) by state authorities and to find the gaps in their implementation. To achieve this aim, an original methodology has been developed derived on OECD principles and the use of expert assessment. The study found that the state (Parliament and Council of Ministers) has established in relatively high degree compliant with OECD principles of good corporate governance of SOEs pattern, while the ministries-principals of SOEs have insufficiently complied with these principles. They need to devote a lot of attention and endeavors to fill the gaps in complying with these principles and to create a modern corporate governance pattern for SOEs.
Using Graph Theory to Optimize Career Transitions
Authors: Otto James , Chaodong Han , Fisher Ke Jian-Yu
Published: January 2023

Grounded in graph theory, this paper proposes and demonstrates a novel methodology to analyze career transitioning. We collect and integrate official U.S. Government data on 35 general job skills and the annual wage data for over 900 standard occupations. Our research can help people move from unemployment, or a current job, to their desired occupation. We use graph theory to determine the most efficient way to hop between intermediate jobs to gain the necessary set of skills required by the targetted occupation. Our analysis assumes that working in a job proffers the skills from that job to the employee. A potential application involves an employee who wishes to transition to a different occupation, perhaps even in a different industry. The employee does not have the necessary skills to transition directly to the desired career because the skill levels are too different between the jobs. Instead, the employee must make a series of smaller job hops to acquire the skills. This type of analysis can provide valuable insights into the most efficient way to change careers. Our study may be especially relevant and helpful because some employees may need to move from languishing careers or industries to ones less impacted by COVID 19 or less threatened by automation.
Insider Trading, Stock Volatility, and Market Liquidity in the Korean Capital Market
Authors: Pyo Gyungmin
Published: January 2023

While the positive and negative effects of insider trading have been discussed in the each firm levels, there is little evidence for the effects of insider trading on financial markets. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence for the effects of insider trading in the capital market. This study examines the association between insider trading and information asymmetry in firms with certain information environments. If capital market regulation for insider trading is effective and companies are well-governed, the positive rather than negative effects of insider trading in the capital market will be enhanced. The empirical results indicate that insider selling (buying) in firms with high ratios of foreign share ownership is associated with a decrease in stock volatility (market liquidity). The results in this paper enables policy makers and practitioners to understand the impact of corporate insider trading on outsiders in the capital market. Our findings may also help to reform regulation of insider trading as it is applied in real business environments, especially in firms with high levels of information asymmetry.
Clinical examination of the sprained knee
Authors: Roşu Bogdan , Cordun Mariana
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Patients with knee injuries may be consulted in a first stage by specialists, such as the sports doctor, and in a second stage, depending on the severity of the injury and the therapeutic orientation, it may be necessary to consult an orthopedic surgeon and / or medical rehabilitation.

Aim. Particularly important in the traumatic pathology of the knee is the physical examination. It must be rigorous and systematic, because, based on it, a correct diagnosis can be established, which also assesses the severity of the lesions. Only in this way the optimal therapeutic decision be made in order to establish an accurate initial diagnosis and to evaluate the severity of the sprain, depending on which medical or orthopedic-surgical treatment is decided.

Methods. Complete and accurate physical examination in the knee sprain, begins with a meticulous anamnestic interview, followed by inspection and palpation. The examination ends with a series of maneuvers to test the various potentially damaged structures of the knee.

Results. All the listed elements will allow us to establish the therapeutic management in the recent sprain of the knee and to differentiate the affected structures: sprain with the interest of the collateral ligaments or with the damage of the central pivot, represented by the cruciate ligaments.

Conclusion. Although with the advent of imaging investigations methods, which provide particularly important information and the diagnosis becomes much simplified, the stage of the physical examination of the patient in the knee sprain should not be omitted, it is an accessible and extremely useful tool in the orientation toward diagnosis.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Dan Lama Perendaman Dalam Larutan Sukrosa Terhadap Karakteristik Osmodehidrat Buah Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng)
Authors: Yudhistira H.S Dara Widya , Kartika Pratiwi I Desak Putu , Yusa Ni Made
Published: January 2023

Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) is one of the local berry fruit that can be used in the food processing sector and is an annual fruit (perennial). The objective of this research is to discover the concentration of sucrose and immersion time influence to osmodehydrate buni and determine the right treatment combination from the concentration of sucrose and immersion time to characteristics of osmodehydrate buni. This research used a Completely Randomized Design with two factors, variations of sucrose concentration (40%, 50%, 60%) and immersion time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours). The treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units. Data was analyzed with analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, then followed by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that the osmosis solution concentration of 60% with immersion time of 3 hours produce the best characteristic of osmodehydrate buni with water content of 21.97%, weight loss of 64.36%, water reduction of 69.47%, the solid gain of 5.11%, the total sugar content of 29.18%, antioxidants activity of IC50 3304.73 ppm, the color is dark red and slightly liked, flavor slightly liked, the taste is slightly sour and liked, texture hard and slightly liked, overall acceptance slightly liked.

Keywords: buni, immersion time, osmodehydrate, sucrose concentration
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Susu Skim Terhadap Karakteristik Minuman Probiotik Susu Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata) Terfermentasi dengan Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG34
Authors: Kafa Hakiki Fahmy , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Hatiningsih Sayi
Published: January 2023

This research was to determine the effect of skim milk concentration on the characteristics of fermented sweet corn milk probiotic drink with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG34, and to identify the right skim milk concentration that produced fermented sweet corn milk probiotic drink with the best characteristics. This research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with skim milk concentration as a treatment that consisted of 6 levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times resulting in 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method and if the treatment had a significant effect, then continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that skim milk concentration had a significant effect in total LAB, total sugar, total acidity, pH, and sensory profile. The addition of 9% skim milk concentration produced the best characteristics of fermented sweet corn milk probiotic drink, with the following criteria: 14,60 Log CFU/ml or 7,64 x 1014 CFU/ml of total lactic acid bacteria, 0,63% of total acid, 11,92% of total sugar, 4,42 of pH, with sensory characteristics produced which are white and slightly yellow of colour and liked, aroma was rather liked, texture was thick and liked, taste was sour and liked, and overall acceptance was liked.
Perbandingan Kemampuan Satelit SAR, Optik dan Kombinasi SAR & Optik Untuk Mendeteksi Area Mangrove di Teluk Benoa
Authors: Nagendra I Wayan Matsya Deva , Karang I Wayan Gede Astawa , Puspitha Ni Luh Putu Ria
Published: January 2023

Mangrove in Benoa Bay plays important roles in the southern Bali island. Mangrove habitat in Benoa Bay has undergone in area changes due to various anthropogenic activities and natural factors, it is important to monitor the distribution of the mangrove forests. Mangrove area changes can be detected using remote sensing technology. This research is to aims the capabilities of radar and optical satellites in mangroves detection using supervised classification Maximum likelihood & Minimum distance. The results showed that radar images failed to detect mangroves as a separate class and produced three classes of land cover (urban, vegetation and waters), optical images and a combination of radar & optic images capable of detecting mangroves as a separate class and produce five land cover class (vegetation other, urban, mangroves, waters and agriculture). The evaluation of the Maximum likelihood classification shows that the combination of radar & optical images scenario has the highest overall accuracy and kappa accuracy with value of 91.35% and 87.01% respectively. Minimum distance classification shows that the optical image scenario has the highest accuracy and highest kappa accuracy with value of 80.83% and 72.51%. The results of the accuracy evaluation shown that the maximum likelihood has higher accuracy than the minimum distance classification method.
Pengaruh Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Terhadap Produksi Penangkapan Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) di Perairan Selat Bali
Authors: Sujana I Dewa Gede Alit , Putra I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda , Puspitha Ni Luh Ria
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is one of tropical country which is very vulnerable to extreme phenomena in its water, such as Indian Ocean Phenomena (IOD) that occurred in Indian Ocean. The Bali Strait is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the south area. Bali Strait is a region in Indonesia that has a high potential fishery resources namely, lemuru (Sardinella lemuru). The purpose of this study is to observe correlation and influence of IOD on lemuru production in Bali Strait between 2012 - 2016. The data used in this research are lemuru data was collected from 3 fish landing base namely PPP Muncar, PPN Pengambengan and PPI Kedonganan and IOD data used Dipole Mode Index (DMI) monthly from 2012 – 2016. The calculation used correlation equation, regression of second order polynomial. The highest lemuru production during 5 years, from 2012 untill 2016 was in 2015, accounted of 27,144,784 kg and the lowest production was in 2012 accounted of 5,644,146 kg. Based on that results, the highest yield of lemuru in the transition period II (September - November) of 31,938,833 kg with an average yield of 2,129,256 kg and the lowest was in east season (June - August) of 9,216,230 with average yield of 614,415 kg. The influence of IOD Index with lemuru production in Bali Strait has a determination value (R2) of 0.0558 and has a correlation of 17.40% with a positive influence (directly proportional). It was categorized as very weak.
Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Epifauna di Area Padang Lamun Pulau Serangan Bali
Authors: Amalia Ilmy , Restu I Wayan , Suryaningtyas Endang Wulandari
Published: January 2023

Serangan Island is a strategically touristic beach area where there is  a vast expanse of seagrass being cultivated as habitat for the epiphuna, the beach has tourism activities such as surfing and swimming which could affect the life of epiphuna. The purpose of this study is to know the abundance and diversity of epiphuna in the seagrass area using the 1x1 m quadrat transect method. The study was conducted in February 2017. The highest epiphuna abundance at location 1 was 25,1 ind/m2. The lowest abundance value is at location 2 which is 19,1 ind/m2, whereas at location 3, it has the abundance value of 21,1 ind/m2. The epiphuna species that dominates from all   three locations are from the Arthropoda phylum including Clibanarius taeniatus, Coenobita sp. and Calcinus laevimanus. The highest diversity index was found in location 1, 2,211, location 2 was 2,132 and the lowest was at location 3 which was 1,853, while the highest seagrass density of the three stations was Syringodium isoetifolium type 358 stands/m2 and the lowest was Thallasodendron ciliatum, 29 stands/m2. The results of the overall water quality measurement, ie, the temperature ranged from 27,6 to 28,40C, the pH ranged from 7,7 to 7,9, the salinity ranged between 28-30 ppt and DO ranged between 4,5-4,7 mg/l. Serangan Island coastal waters have the highest abundance of epiphuna in Arthropoda phylum, moderate (location 1 and 2) and low (location 3) diversity level, and with a normal water quality which is feasible for epiphuna life.
Kerapatan dan Persebaran Tumbuhan Air di Danau Buyan Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali
Authors: Sudipta I Gusti Made , Arthana I Wayan , Suryaningtyas Endang Wulandari
Published: January 2023

The Bali province has four lakes, one of them is Buyan lake. One of communities that has important roles in lake waters ecosystem as an primary production is a community of aquatic plants. The existence of aquatic plants as weed will suffer losses more than the beneficial. So that research on density and distribution of aquatic plants in Buyan lake is very important to do. The research aims to find out the density, distribution, domination, percent of closure and other types of aquatic plants in Buyan lake. This research was conducted for 1 month during the month of March until April 2017. The value of the density of the population (KP) aquatic plants has ranged from 2-357 individuals/m2. The value of the frequency of attendance (FK) aquatic plants ranging between 0,1-1. Morisita Index (Id) has ranged from 4,9-1,39 which shows a pattern of clumped. The value of Dominance (D) aquatic plants has ranged between 0,0001-0,9823 that showed with its low variation and high abundance. The value of aquantic plant cover has percent range from 1-72% that showed of the vegetation very rare, rare and dense. The aquatic plants found during research had 4 types of living that were type of free float (Free Floating) Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes (Submerged) Myriophyllum aquaticum, (Floating) Alternanthera philoxeroides, sticking (Emergent) Schoenoplectus paludicola, Phragmites australis, Typha capensis.
Struktur Komunitas Vegetasi Mangrove Berdasarkan Karakteristik Substrat di Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai, Bali
Authors: Prinasti Ni Kadek Dian , Dharma I Gusti Bagus Sila , Suteja Yulianto
Published: January 2023

Mangrove adalah tipe vegetasi yang terdapat di daerah pantai tropis. Hutan mangrove sebagai salah satu sumberdaya alam yang potensial yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Pemanfaatan hutan mangrove yang berlebihan dan tidak diimbangi dengan rehabilisasi akan menyebabkan penurunan luasan mangrove yang menyebabkan berkurangnya fungsi mangrove dalam ekosistem. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mangrove adalah tanah atau substrat. Pada umumnya kawasan hutan mangrove terdapat di seluruh pantai Indonesia dan tumbuh pada lokasi-lokasi yang masih dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pasang. Kerusakan hutan mangrove terluas di Bali terjadi di kawasan Tahura Ngurah Rai yaitu seluas 253,4 hektar dari luas total 1.373,5 hektar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui struktur komunitas mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik subtrat di Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai, Bali. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode line transek dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis INP. Dari lima stasiun penelitian ditemukan Sembilan spesies mangrove diantaranya: Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis dan Aegiceras floridium. Komponen substrat di TAHURA didominanasi oleh pasir diikuti oleh liat dan lumpur. Spesies Sonneratia alba dan Rhizophora apiculata ditemukan di semua jenis substrat, spesies Rhizophora mucronata ditemukan pada dua jenis substrat yaitu substrat lempung berpasir dan lempung liat berpasir namun beberapa spesies hanya ditemukan di satu jenis substrat saja seperti spesies Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorhiza dan Bruguiera sexangula.
Perbandingan Produktivitas Pancing Ulur (HandLine) Dan Jaring Insang (Gill net) Nelayan Desa Kusamba, Klungkung, Bali Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Tongkol (Auxis sp.)
Authors: Aryasuta Pande Chrisna , Dirgayusa I Gusti Ngurah Putra , Puspitha Ni Luh Putu Ria
Published: January 2023

This study uses two environmentally friendly fishing gears namely gill net and hand line. The length of one set of hand line is 100 m and the length of one set of gill nets is 250 m. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of catches, species composition of catches and the efficiency of fishing gear that provided benefits for the fishermen of Kusamba Village. This data collection was carried out in field plunge directly with fishermen using the one day trip method for 35 trips during the tuna fishing season by Kusamba Village fishermen. Auxis sp is one type of fish that is the main target of the catch of fishermen in Kusamba Village. Auxis sp often follows the current circulation, the catch of Auxis sp on the fishermen of Kusamba Village has a different amount of production every day. In terms of Auxis sp catches by Kusamba Village Fishermen who use two fishing gear are dominated by gill nets and the quality aspect is dominated by hand linecatches. It is known that there are two types of tuna, namely Auxis rochei and Auxis thazard. The catch is in principle the output of fishing activities, while the effort needed in principle is an input from the fishing activities, fisheries production in an area has increased or decreased can be seen from the results of CPUE. The highest CPUE value of gill nets is 53.75 tails / effort, the highest CPUE value of hand line is 75 tails / effort.
Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Tongkol Abu-Abu (Thunnus tonggol Bleeker, 1851) Yang Tertangkap Di Perairan Selat Bali
Authors: Pratiwi Made Ayu , Kartika Gde Raka Angga
Published: January 2023

The aimed of this study was to determine the reproductive biology aspects of longtail tuna, namely the gonad maturity level, gonadal maturity index, fecundity and length of first maturity. Fish samples were obtained from the catches of fishermen in the Bali Strait which landed at PPP Muncar from December 2018 to February 2019. Gonad maturity level of longtail tuna in December 2018 was mostly found in immature conditions (TKG I). TKG III and IV are most commonly found in February. The highest IKG value was found in February 2019 (0.017). This can be interpreted that lontail tuna experienced peak spawning and was actively reproducing in February. The sex ratio of gray tuna is dominated by male. Fecundity at TKG III ranged from 18,800 to 33,200 grains and at TKG IV of 154,000 grains. The length of first maturity of longtail tuna was 495 mmFL (male) and was 487 mmFL (female).
Penilaian Pencemaran Bahan Organik Perairan di Teluk Benoa Ditinjau dari Tingkat Saprobitas
Authors: Pangesthu Angginie Adjeng Ayoe Gigih , Suteja Yulianto , Widiastuti Widiastuti
Published: January 2023

Organic material is one of the pollutants found in marine water, the presence of organic matter can be detected through bioindicators such as plankton by calculating the level of saprobitas waters. Research related to plankton saprobitas in the waters of Benoa Bay has been carried out around the waters of the port of Benoa. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure and saprobitas level of plankton in the waters of Benoa Bay. The saprobic plankton level was calculated using two equations, namely Saprobic Index (SI) and Trophic Saprobic Index (TSI). Both indexes use the presence of plankton in the water to determine the pollution status of a waters. The results of the study showed that 22 types of phytoplankton from three classes Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae and three types of zooplankton from two classes Crustacea and Malacostraca. The Saprobic Index (SI) values range from 1-1.7 and the Trophic Saprobic Index (TSI) ranges between 1.01-1.44. This shows that Benoa Bay waters are in the ?-mesosaprobic to oligosaprobic contamination phase. In the ?-mesosaprobic phase, the condition of the waters with high DO waters, the number of medium level of bacteria density and the last product produced is the last product of nitrate. The oligosaprobic it has very low bacterial conditions and perfect decomposition of organic matter. The ?-mesosaprobic and oligosaprobic phases indicate that the pollution that is taking place in the waters of Benoa Bay was mild to moderate pollution.
Struktur Komunitas Echinodermata pada Musim Barat dan Musim Peralihan I di Ekosistem Lamun Perairan Tanjung Benoa, Bali
Authors: Kirana Anak Agung Istri Candra , Faiqoh Elok , Karang I Wayan Gede Astawa
Published: January 2023

Echinoderms in marine ecology have a role as deposit feeders. This shows the diversity of the Echinoderms phylum found in seagrass ecosystems. Seagrass beds serve as protection and a source of nutrients that maintain the food chain. Tanjung Benoa waters are located in the waters of South Bali which has a seagrass ecosystem. Echinoderms as invertebrate animals can be influenced by abiotic factors, namely salinity and temperature which are affected by the season. This study aims to determine changes in the structure of the Echinodermata community in the western and transitional seasons I in seagrass ecosystems and determine the environmental factors that influence the structure of the Echinoderms community in the waters of Tanjung Benoa. Echinoderms data collection method used is the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. Data is taken by using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that in both seasons, the western season and the transitional season I, the phylum of Echinoderms found consisted of 4 classes namely Holothuroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Asteroidea. The diversity index and uniformity of the Ecinodermal phylum found in both seasons shows stable diversity and uniformity. Based on the index of dominance there is one genus that dominates, namely the genus Diadema. Based on the analysis of PCA in the west season, the density of Echinoderms is influenced by phosphate, nitrate, DO, salinity, pH and temperature. Whereas in the transitional season I density is influenced by phosphate, salinity, temperature, nitrate and pH.
Laju Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Karang Transplan Acropora hyacinthus pada Ukuran Fragmen yang Berbeda
Authors: Widiastuti Widiastuti , Handoyo Awalludin Ponco Aji , Dharma I Gusti Bagus Sila
Published: January 2023

Coral transplantation is an alternative way to maintain coral reef ecosystems sustainability. A. hyacinthus is one of the main reef builder and export commodities for decorative aquarium. Determining the initial size of coral fragments may create efficiency and effectiveness of transplantation. This study aims to examine the effects of different initial fragment lengths on growth, growth rate and survival rate of Acropora hyacinthus. Six colonies were fragmented to three initial lengths (30, 50 and 70 mm), where it was measured for 12 weeks. Growth rates were obtained every two weeks while survival rates were calculated amount of living fragments at the end of the observation substracted by the amount of living fragments at the beginning of the observation. The effects of different initial lengths were analysed using Tukey HSD two-way ANOVA and when parametric statistics asumptions did not meet, it was analysed using a non parametric statistic test. Thus the significant results were followed by Tukey HSD. The results showed that different initial fragment lengths had significant effect on the growth of length (p = 0.000), however there was no significant difference in diameter growth (p = 0.662). The lowest length growth rate was found at initial length 30 mm and the highest was at 70 mm long. In contrast, the lowest diameter growth rate was found 70 mm and the highest was at 30 mm long. The survival rates of different initial fragment lengths of fragmented reached 100% at all lengths.