bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caring for the World
Authors: Blok Vincent ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

In the twentieth century, the concept of the will appears in bad daylight. Martin Heideg-ger for instance criticizes the will as a movement of reducing otherness to sameness, dif-ference to identity. Since his diagnosis of the will, the releasement from a wilful manner of thinking and the exploration of the possibility of non-willing has become a prevalent issue in contemporary philosophy. This article questions whether this quietism is still possible in our times, were we are confronted with climate change and the future of mankind is fundamentally threatened. On the one hand, the human will to 'master‘ and 'exploit‘ the natural world can be seen as the root of the ecological crisis, as Heidegger observed. On the other hand, its current urgency forces us to evaluate the releasement of the will in contemporary philosophy. Because also Heidegger himself attempted to develop a proper concept of the will in the onset of the thirties, we start our inquiry with Heidegger‘s phenomenology of the will in the thirties. Although Heidegger was very critical about the concept of the will later on, we are not inclined to reject the concept of the will as he did eventually. In this article we show that Heidegger's criticism of the will is not phenomenologically motivated, and we will develop a proper post-Heideggerian concept of willing. Finally the question will be answerd whether this proper concept of willing can help us to find a solution for the ecological crisis.
Waiting to Die?- On Derrida’s Reading of Heidegger in Aporias
Authors: Zangeneh Hakhamanesh ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

In the reading of Heidegger presented in Aporias, Derrida thematizes a number of issues that are central to his work, early and late: temporality (waiting), undecidability (the im-possible), and humanism (animality). Here, we examine the oddly neglected Heideggerian context of these Derridian questions in Sein und Zeit. We propose to examine the textual articulation of Derrida’s argument, attempting to draw attention to neglected aspects and unseen consequences in that reading. We will ask how these consequences, in the final analysis, complicate Derrida’s larger argument. Our aim is not to subvert the latter, but rather to unfold the tensions that it contains and the difficulties that it quietly negotiates.
Elementos fundamentales para el cuidado en guarderías privadas cubanas: perspectiva desde la enfermeira
Authors: Esperón Julia Maricela Torres , Pérez José Martín Medina , González Carilaudy Enriquez
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: explorar experiencias de enfermeras que laboran en guarderías estatales acerca de los elementos fundamentales que deben ser considerados para ejercer los cuidados en las guarderías privadas cubanas. Método: estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio realizado en octubre de 2020, con 15 enfermeras que laboran en guarderías estatales del municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante dos grupos focales; las narrativas fueron procesadas mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: emergieron cinco categorías: alimentación del niño, preparación para el cuidado, control de la salud de las cuidadoras, ambientes saludables para el cuidado y horarios de vida.  Conclusão: se destaca la preparación de alimentos y dieta; así como de cuidadoras, que deberían recibir algún tipo de certificación y tecnologías para la capacitación; se recomienda la limpeza, ventilación, iluminación, observar riesgos de accidentes; los horarios de vida y su vínculo con el desarrollo físico, psicomotor, social y afectivo infantes.
Detection of fraud in financial reporting of small and medium entities in the field of manufacturing industry
Authors: Kušter Denis
Published: July 2021

The importance of forensic accounting has been growing in recent years, especially when it comes to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These entities do not have sufficiently developed accounting functions, they do not invest enough in staff who are not consequently motivated to present certain items of financial statements in a precise manner and in accordance with accounting standards. This results in reporting errors. The other side of the coin are the manipulations that happen with the intention and goal of presenting better business than the real situation to banks and other stakeholders. In this research paper, Beneish's M-Score model with five variables (M5) was applied as a method of forensic accounting, in order to detect manipulations in SMEs from sector C-Manufacturing in Serbia. The sample includes 73 companies, and only for 3 of them the M (5) Score exceeded the reference value and indicated a high risk of manipulation. The situation is different when looking at model variables individually; however, the results of the Mann-Whitney test indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the level of liquidity and profitability of a firm depending on whether an entity manipulated from the individual model variables point of view or not.
Determinants of trust and purchase intention in online environment
Authors: Sofronijević Katarina
Published: July 2021

An intensive development of information and communication technologies has contributed to an increasing number of individuals who prefer online shopping. Hence, examining the factors that determine their decision is the subject of significant attention of the academic and professional public. When it comes to online shopping, one of the main tasks is to create consumer trust. This process is conditioned by numerous factors, some of which are included in the research model of this paper. More precisely, the paper uses exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to examine the extent to which perceived risk, quality of the website and experience in its use, as well as the implementation of the concept of social responsibility contribute to creating consumer trust in online shopping. Simple regression analysis has indicated that in the process of online shopping, trust has a statistically significant and positive impact on purchase intention.
Concept and design of automated moving device for healthcare equipment
Authors: Faria N.M.S. , Campilho Raul , Silva F.J.G. , Ferreira L.P.
Published: July 2021

The physical wear of health professionals arises mainly from the movement of people with reduced mobility, transport of stretchers, hospital beds and hospital carts. There is a lack of equipment that helps these professionals to move patients in hospital beds or stretchers. This work aims to design an equipment that removes health professionals' function of moving patients from beds to stretchers, being able to move patients around the hospital in a bed. Added to this challenge was the diversification of models of hospital beds, making it necessary for the equipment to adapt to all beds. The design process included several finite element method analyses to validate the structure, and also a structural optimization, to reduce costs and reduce the weight of the equipment. This work successfully designed an optimized automated solution that can improve working conditions in the healthcare industry.
Control of hydrocarbon emissions when changing the technical condition of the exhaust system of modern cars
Authors: Shepelev V. , Gritsenko A. , Salimonenko G.
Published: July 2021

The most applicable ICE monitoring method is selective control followed by individual corrections for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester, and a loader which provides test modes makes it possible to recognize failures of exhaust and other systems with high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure specified environmental and economic parameters. We developed a generalized mathematical model of changes in the composition of exhaust gases depending on changes in the resistance of the catalytic converter, the spark gap of the spark plug, and the capacity of the electromagnetic nozzle.
Intelligent optimization of wire-EDM parameters for surface roughness and material removal rate while machining WC-Co composite
Authors: Gupta Kapil
Published: July 2021

This work presents the wire-EDM of WC-Co composite and optimization of process parameters using an integrated technique of response surface methodology (RSM), Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to obtain the best set of machinability indicators. Wire feed (WF), servo voltage (SV), pulse off-time (Pon) and pulse on-time (Poff) are the variable process parameters, whereas root mean square roughness (Rq), average surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) are the machinability indicators considered in the present work. A total of twenty nine experiments have been conducted based on Box Behnken design (BBD) technique of response surface methodology. VIKOR has been used for normalization of responses and followed by solving empirical models using ABC algorithm to obtain optimized process parameters setting. WF-12 m/min, SV-65V, Pon-116 µs, Poff-20 µs are the optimum wire-EDM parameters obtained by intelligent RSM-VIKOR-ABC technique that produced best values of Ra-4.51 µm, Rq-5.64 µm, MRR-0.061 mm3 /min simultaneously. The validation test confirmed an improvement up to 15% in the response characteristics which proved the effectiveness of this novel hybrid technique for optimization. The optimum parameter setting is for ready industrial reference to attain best surface quality and process productivity for WC-Co composite machining by wire-EDM.
Static characteristics of a hydrostatic thrust bearing with a membrane displacement compensator
Authors: Kodnyanko Vladimir , Kurzakov Andrey
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the design and also presents a mathematical model and method for calculation of static characteristics of a hydrostatic thrust bearing with a membrane-type displacement compensator. Formulae for calculation of compliance and load characteristics of the bearing are also presented, as well as deformation and compliance of the membrane at which zero compliance of the bearing is guaranteed.
The influence of genetic polymorphisms on the toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Spasić Jelena , Radosavljević Davorin , Nagorni-Obradović Ljudmila
Published: July 2021

Lung cancer remains one of the most frequent and the deadliest of malignant diseases throughout the world. Target and immune therapy have revolutionalized the treatment of this disease, but platinum-based chemotherapy still has a place in the treatment algorithm. The toxicity profile of cisplatin is well known and can be a limiting factor in the adequate treatment delivery of the drug. There are important inter-individual differences in the efficacy and the toxicity of all chemotherapy drugs, which cannot be explained solely by the characteristics of the tumor. In order to define predictive factors for the occurrence of toxic effects, numerous genetic alterations have been investigated - especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The investigated genes are those involved in DNA repair mechanisms, signal pathways of apoptosis, DNA synthesis, transport mechanisms, but often with inconclusive and opposing results. It is clear that the effect of SNPs on the occurrence of cisplatin toxicity cannot be explained by investigating just one or several genes alone, but epigenetic interactions must be investigated, as well as interactions with outside factors. The study of SNPs is, however, a relatively simple and inexpensive method and, as such, can be used as one of the prognostic tools for everyday practice.
APLIKASI FOSFAT PADA PROSES EKSTRAKSI TEH HIJAU UNTUK MINUMAN TEH HIJAU SIAP MINUM
Authors:   Program Studi Magister Teknologi Pangan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor, Hidayati Rima , Andarwulan Nuri , Herawati Dian ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: July 2021

Color is one of quality parameters that affects consumer intention to purchase ready to drink (RTD) green tea. Consumers expect RTD green tea to have yellow greenish color, however the color becomes brown and darker during the shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphate mix addition to water prior to green tea leaves extraction on pH, color, and the tannin in tea extract, pre-RTD, and RTD during incubation period at 60°C for 2 days. The pre-RTD contained tea extract, sugar, and ascorbic acid. Addition of sodium bicarbonate was done in pre-RTD to obtain RTD with pH of 6.1±0.2. The type of phos-phate used was sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and phosphoric acid. The concentrations of SAPP were 650 and 1300 mg/L, while those of phosphoric acid were 125, 250, and 500 mg/L.The total phospho-rous added from the combination of SAPP and phosphoric acid was 221-521 mg/L. Meanwhile, green tea extracted without phosphate was used as a control. The results showed that phosphate addition to water prior to green tea extraction caused decrease in pH of tea extract from 5.83±0.18 to 2.8-3.8, decrease in browning intensity, and reduced tannin degradation during the incubation period. Sugar and ascorbic acid added to the tea extract resulted in pH in all samples <4.0 and maintained the lightness of the pre-RTD. Phosphate application was not able to retain the color of RTD after incubation period. This study showed that addition of phosphorous as a combination of SAPP and phosphoric acid to water at concentrations of 221-521 mg/L prior to green tea extraction had positive impact in reducing browning intensity of RTD green tea with pH of lower than 4.0.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI BERAS ANALOG MULTIGRAIN BERPROTEIN TINGGI
Authors:   Program Studi Ilmu Pangan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor, Andika Ari , Kusnandar Feri , Budijanto Slamet ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: July 2021

Several grains (green bean, red bean, soybean, corn, nuts, sesame, and millets) were processed to yield a high protein analogue rice. Red beans and green beans were soaked in water for six hours while soybean was boiled for 10 minutes and then peeled. Nuts were dried at 70°C, ground, and sieved to pass 80 mesh. All grains were ground into powder except for sesame which was in whole seed. Four formulas of rice analogues were produced at a different level of millet (0-15%), corn (35-50%) with fixed level of red beans (10%), soybeans (25%), green beans (10%), sesame (3%), and glycerol monostearate (GMS) (2%). The products were analyzed in terms of proximate composition, hardness, water absorption index, development ratio, cooking time, in vitro protein digestibility, amino acids composition, and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). The four analogue rice formulas contained high level of protein and protein digestibility, but they did not fulfill the targeted complementation. The protein content of the analogue rice varied from 18.19 to 19.09% (wet based) with protein digestibility of 81.27-88.86%. The most preferred formulas of the rice analogue was composed of corn (40%), millet (10%, red beans (10%), soybeans (25%), green beans (10%), sesame (3%), and GMS (2%). It contained 42.48% of amino acids score and 36.53% of PDCAAS value.
En la quebrá del ají. Rock en Chile en tiempos de revolución, 1967, 1973
Authors: Albornoz Cuevas César Eduardo
Published: July 2021

En tiempos de reforma y revolución que condujeron a una vía chilena al socialismo, experimentada históricamente por el proyecto de la Unidad Popular entre los años 1970 y 1973, un genero musical se transformó en experiencia cultural, rimando su origen, consolidación y construcción de identidad nacional, con el proceso de progresiva construcción de un Chile socialista. Conviviendo con una escena musical donde la Nueva Canción Chilena era hegemónica en cuanto representativa de política contingente, el rock irrumpió como un experiencia social relevante.  Con antecedentes  hacia mediados de la década de 1950 en cuanto a recepción social, y de finales de la misma en cuanto interpretación musical, el Rock se transformó en el tiempo de la revolución chilena en una manifestación propiamente nacional, en vestigio digno de atender para la comprensión cabal de la historia chilena durante el período señalado, y en una de las expresiones culturales más interesantes desde aquel tiempo y hasta el presente, en cuanto representación simbólica de su correspondiente acontecer social.
Brain derived neurotrophic factor declines after complete curative resection in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Guzel Tomasz , Mech Katarzyna , Iwanowska Marzena , Wroński Marek , Słodkowski Maciej
Published: July 2021

Background

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in neural and metabolic diseases, but it is also one of the crucial factors in cancer development and metastases. In the current study, we investigated serum BDNF concentrations in patients that underwent surgical treatment for colorectal cancer or pancreatic cancer.

Methods

Serum BDNF concentrations were measured with standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, before and on the third day after the operation, in 50 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer and 25 patients with pancreatic cancer (tumours in the head of pancreas). We compared pre- and postoperative BDNF levels, according to the subsequent TNM stage, histologic stage, lymph node involvement, neuro- or angio-invasion, and resection range.

Results

In the pancreatic cancer group, BDNF concentrations fell significantly postoperatively (p = 0.011). In patients that underwent resections, BDNF concentrations fell (p = 0.0098), but not in patients that did not undergo resections (i.e., laparotomy alone). There were significant pre- and postoperative differences in BDNF levels among patients with (p = 0.021) and without (p = 0.034) distant metastases. Significant reductions in BDNF were observed postoperatively in patients with small tumours (i.e., below the median size; p = 0.023), in patients with negative angio- or lymphatic invasion (p = 0.028, p = 0.011, respectively), and in patients with lymph node ratios above 0.17 (p = 0.043). In the colon cancer group, the serum BDNF concentrations significantly fell postoperatively in the entire group (p = 0.0076) and in subgroups of patients with or without resections (p = 0.034, p = 0.0179, respectively). Significant before-after differences were found in subgroups with angioinvasions (p = 0.050) and in those without neuroinvasions (p = 0.049). Considering the TNM stages, the postoperative BDNF concentration fell in groups with (p = 0.0218) and without (p = 0.034) distant metastases and in patients with tumours below the median size (p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Our results suggested that BDNF might play an important role in gastrointestinal cancer development. BDNF levels were correlated with tumour volume, and with neuro-, angio- and lymphatic invasions. In pancreatic cancer, BDNF concentrations varied according to the surgical procedure and they fell significantly after tumour resections. Thus, BDNF may serve as a potential marker of complete resections in underdiagnosed patients. However, this hypothesis requires further investigation. In contrast, no differences according to the procedure was made in patients with colon cancer.
Knowledge and Misperception of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among the Primary School Teachers of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Chhasatia Anupsinh H , Kataria Lakhan R , Kataria Induben R
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders of childhood. Teachers can play a key role in identifying and supporting students with ADHD. In order to fulfill this important role, teachers must have explicit knowledge about ADHD. Teachers are seen as one of the most valuable sources of information concerning the referral and diagnosis of ADHD. They also have the responsibility for creating an environment conducive to academic, social, and emotional success for children with ADHD. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and misperceptions of ADHD of primary school teachers in the Vadodara district of Gujarat, India.

Materials & Methods: Total 491 school teachers participated in the study. The Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) along with a demographic questionnaire was used as the survey instruments to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were used to analyze the data.

Result: Results indicated that teachers’ knowledge of ADHD was insufficient. A significant difference in knowledge was found between Urban & Rural (0.00429); Gujarati & English medium school teachers (p=0.0013); Government & private school teachers (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Lack of knowledge & prevalence of misperception is obvious in primary school teachers who are the first responders of such patients (kids). Improving teachers’ standards & understanding can help significantly in early diagnosis & improving the outcome.
What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?
Authors: Arroyo‐Cosultchi Gabriel , Golubov Jordan , Mandujano María C. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Martínez Armando J.
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of plant populations are often limited by the early stages in their life cycles. However, information regarding seed bank dynamics and how these may influence the whole life cycle of plant species is remarkably scarce or not considered explicitly. This lack of knowledge is due mainly to the challenges in quantifying seed vital rates. Studies of arid land plant species have historically been focused on the drivers of sporadic recruitment. However, little attention has been given to the demographic consequences of early developmental stages, and how seed banks affect their dynamics. Here, we evaluate the effects of seed bank survival and seedling recruitment vital rates on the population dynamics and viability of 12 columnar cacti species. Recent evidence suggests that cacti seeds may remain viable for the short‐term. We assess how changes in the vital rates of these processes and the inclusion of a seed bank affect population growth rate (λ). We found that a seed bank in the examined matrix population models significantly increased λ as well as the vital rate elasticities of λ to growth and fecundity, whereas that of overall survival decreased. Our numerical simulations showed that seed survival had a more considerable effect on λ than seedling recruitment and establishment. We suggest that the seed bank may explain the structure and population dynamics. Thus, we reconsider that this early stage in demographic models will generate more informed decisions on the conservation and management of columnar cacti.
Fixed time synchronization of delayed chaotic neural networks by using active adaptive control
Authors: Su Haipeng , Luo Runzi , Fu Jiaojiao , Huang Meichun
Published: July 2021

This article aims to investigate the fixed time synchronization of a class of chaotic neural systems by way of adaptive control method. Using Lyapunov stability theory, a new fixed time stability theorem which plays an important role on the synchronization scheme is presented at first. Then, combining the fixed time stability theorem and adaptive control technique, an adaptive control scheme has been developed to achieve the fixed time synchronization of chaotic neural systems. The proposed controllers assure the global convergence of the error dynamics in fixed‐time based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy cannot only provide a fast convergence rate, but also afford a bounded convergence time which is unrelated to the initial values and easy to work out by using the simple time calculation formula. Finally, numerical simulations are presented by taking a typical two‐order chaotic neural system as an example to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
States make $26 billion opioid deal with major drug companies
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

Late last month, a bipartisan group of state attorneys general announced a deal that would give them — before lawyer and other fees, of course — $26 billion, and in turn would release drug maker Johnson & Johnson and the drug distributors Cardinal Health, AmerisourceBergen and McKesson from civil liability in the opioid epidemic. The deal, reported by Jan Hoffman in The New York Times July 22, comes after almost two years of battling and will, if finalized, give money to local governments as well as states, all of whom would promise not to bring future lawsuits.
Activated Hoveyda‐Grubbs Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Derived from a Large Scale Produced Pharmaceutical Intermediate – Sildenafil Aldehyde
Authors: Monsigny Louis , Piątkowski Jakub , Trzybiński Damian , Woźniak Krzysztof , Nienałtowski Tomasz , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol
Published: July 2021

Two EWG‐activated Hoveyda‐Grubbs‐type ruthenium complexes (Sil‐II and Sil‐II’) were obtained, characterized, and screened in a set of olefin metathesis reactions. These catalysts were conveniently synthesized from a commercially available pharmaceutical building block – Sildenafil aldehyde – in two steps only. Stability and catalytic activity tests disclosed that the bulkier NHC‐ligand bearing catalyst Sil‐II’ is visibly more stable and productive than its smaller NHC‐analogue Sil‐II. Good application profile of catalyst Sil‐II’ was confirmed in a set of diverse metathesis reactions including ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and cross‐metathesis (CM) of complex polyfunctional substrates of medicinal chemistry interest, including a challenging macrocyclization of the Pacritinib precursor. Compatibility of the new catalyst with various green solvents was checked and metathesis of Sildenafil and Tadalafil‐based substrates was successfully conducted in acetone. The mechanism of Sil‐II’ initiation has been investigated through kinetic experiments unveiling that the decrease of the steric hindrance of the chelating alkoxy moiety (from iPrO to EtO) favors the interchange initiation pathway over the typical dissociation pathway for other popular 2nd generation Hoveyda‐Grubbs catalysts.

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Construction of Enantioenriched 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines through a Multicatalytic Sequence Merging Gold and Amine Catalysis
Authors: Genet Manon , Takfaoui Abdelilah , Marrot Jérôme , Greck Christine , Moreau Xavier
Published: July 2021

A series of enantioenriched 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines were accessed by a cycloisomerization/cycloaddition strategy. Starting from ynamide derivatives and aldehydes, yields ranging from 27 to 90% and high levels of stereoselectivity (de>95%, 93–99% ee) were obtained through sequential relay catalysis. The concurrent use of a gold complex with a diphenylprolinol silyl ether was applied to a combination of diversely functionalized substrates.

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Grain yield response to stubble leaf blade clipping in rice ratooning in southwestern Japan
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryo , Nakagomi Koji , Hakata Makoto
Published: July 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooninghas recently attracted attention due to its higher yield potential compared with that of conventional methods. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effect of rice type (Hokuriku 193 and high‐yielding line [HYL]) and stubble leaf treatment (clipping and control) on the grain yields of the first and second crops in rice ratooning. In 2019, both rice types produced lower grain yields of the second crop in the leaf clipping treatment than the control treatment due to the lower spikelet number m−2. Therefore, increasing the leaf area index (LAI) in the stubble may improve the grain yield of the second crop by increasing the spikelet number per area. In 2020, HYL produced a lower grain yield of the second crop in the leaf clipping treatment than the control treatment due to the lower spikelet number m−2. However, the grain yields of Hokuriku 193 did not differ between the two leaf clipping treatments. Although the nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the stubble did not differ between the two rice types in 2019, Hokuriku 193 had a higher NSC content than HYL in 2020 due to the lower spikelet number m−2 and lower percentage of filled spikelets of the first crop. These results suggest that the stubble leaf blade contribution may be reduced when the NSC content is high as the leaf blades may compensate for the lack of NSC content when the NSC content is low.
Agriculture leaders identify critical issues facing crop production
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Randall Nekeshia L. , Sherrier Janine
Published: July 2021

Based on global population projections, the need for sustainable food production is paramount and the work of crop and soil science industries is foundational to the health and vitality of the world's population now and to come. Expert knowledge can inform how to maintain healthy, effective, efficient, and profitable standards in an industry that is obligated to be sustained. The current study used the Delphi Technique and the constant comparative method to gain consensus from a panel of crop and soil sciences experts and practitioners about the most critical issues currently facing industries related to crop and soil sciences. Results highlighted eight main categories (alphabetically ordered) pertaining to: (1) chemical usage, (2) climate and environmental factors, (3) current and future workforce training, (4) economic sustainability, (5) public understanding of production practices, (6) research and collaboration, (7) seed and food quality control, and (8) soil health and water usage. Expert insight into these areas can offer necessary foresight as practitioners and researchers alike prepare for the future of the discipline. Implications of the findings are discussed and applied to the current state of the field.
A novel likely pathogenic heterozygous HECW2 missense variant in a family with variable expressivity of neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and epileptiform EEG patterns
Authors: Heide Ev‐Christin , Puk Oliver , Biskup Saskia , Krahn Arne , Rauf Erik , Kreilkamp Barbara A. K. , Paulus Walter , Focke Niels K.
Published: July 2021

Pathogenic variants in HECW2 are extremely rare. So far, only 19 cases have been reported. They were associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability, absent language, hypotonia, and autism. As these cases were all de novo mutations, mostly presenting without identical variants, variable expressivity has never been investigated. Here, we describe the first family with the same novel variant in HECW2. A 19‐year old female patient presented with bursts of generalized spike–wave discharges and intellectual disability. We performed next‐generation‐sequencing, to detect the genetic cause. Next‐generation‐sequencing revealed a novel likely pathogenic variant in HECW2 (c.3571C>T; p.Arg1191Trp) in the index patient, her mother and brother. They showed some similar phenotypic patterns with intellectual disability, hypotonia and generalized epileptiform patterns. However, the mother was less severely affected and epileptiform patterns were less frequent. The brother presented with additional autistic features. In contrast to previous cases, the speech of all individuals was only mildly impaired. This is the first case report of a family with the same novel likely pathogenic variant in HECW2 and as such provides insight into the phenotypic variability of this mutation. The expressivity of symptoms may be so mild that genetic and EEG analysis are needed to disclose the correct diagnosis.
The costs and benefits of coexistence: What determines people's willingness to live near nonhuman primates?
Authors: Pebsworth Paula A. , Radhakrishna Sindhu
Published: July 2021

Living near primate species has positive and negative outcomes for human communities. While most studies focus on understanding people's perceptions regarding the adverse consequences of interacting with primates, less is known about people's willingness to coexist with primates or reasons that may promote human–primate coexistence. We surveyed 794 people co‐living with four different primate species—rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, bonnet macaque Macaca radiata, lion‐tailed macaque Macaca silenus, and Hanuman langur Semnopithecus dussumieri—in southern and western India to understand how people perceived the costs and benefits of coexistence. The results of our semi‐structured interview study revealed that although tangible costs (i.e., financial losses from primate depredation) primarily drive people's stated tolerance for primate presence, intangible benefits from primates (i.e., their ecological, existence, sentience, and religious values) also critically affect attitudes towards coexistence. Amongst the four species, people associated rhesus macaques with the greatest costs and fewest benefits, lion‐tailed macaques with the lowest costs, and bonnet macaques with the highest benefits. People preferred lion‐tailed macaques and Hanuman langurs more than bonnet and rhesus macaques, and affection for a species shaped how people viewed costs accruing from the species. People's preferences for species were influenced by their existence, ecological, and sentience values more than their religious value. We suggest that intangible benefits influence people's fondness for a primate species and this, in turn, shapes how people perceive costs resulting from the species. Hence strengthening people's perceptions of the intangible benefits they receive from primate species will improve human tolerance for living near primates. We argue that there is a need to understand the context of human–primate conflicts beyond the cost aspects and focus on the benefits to improve human–primate coexistence.
CNT‐containing redox active nanohybrid: a promising ferrocenyl‐based electrode material for outstanding energy storage application
Authors: Payami Elmira , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza
Published: July 2021

Redox‐active porous polymers are promising electrode materials due to various advantages including high specific surface area and porosity, facile synthesizing route, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective Schiff base reaction was used to prepare the ferrocene (Fc) containing porous organic polymer (POP) through the formation of a C‐N bond between melamine and 1,1′‐diacetylferrocene. After successful preparation of the Fc‐POP, Fc‐POP/PANI nanohybrid was prepared by the hybridization of synthesized redox‐active polymer with polyaniline (PANI) as a conductive polymer. Finally, the CNT (carbon nanotube)‐containing nanocomposites were prepared by adding various amounts of the CNT to Fc‐POP/PANI nanohybrid. All as‐prepared electrode materials were thoroughly characterized with usual analyses. The Fc‐POP/PANI/CNT20 revealed a high specific capacitance of 494 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1 and excellent charge storage retention (92.1%) over 5000 cycles. Also, the fabricated symmetric cell exhibits a high energy density of 76 W h kg−1 and a high‐power density of 5840 W kg−1.
Rock magnetic study of grave infill as a key to understanding magnetic anomalies on burial ground
Authors: Bondar Kseniia M. , Fassbinder Jörg W. E. , Didenko Serhii V. , Hahn Sandra E.
Published: July 2021

Magnetic prospecting of burial grounds is still a great challenge in the field of archaeological geophysics. Some graves appear as positive anomalies, whereas others do not generate any traces or even show up by negative anomalies. This study involves ground magnetic survey, rock magnetic and magnetic mineralogy examinations of soils to determine factors responsible for the formation of magnetic anomalies on Late Roman time burial grounds of Chernyakhiv–Sântana de Mureş archaeological culture located in the forest‐steppe of Ukraine. We surveyed these sites by a total magnetic field caesium magnetometer in order to target the archaeological excavations. We sampled infill from graves excavated under positive anomalies and profiles of background soils to analyse the enhancement of induced and remanent magnetization. In the laboratory, we examined magnetic mineralogy and measured various magnetic parameters and ratios characterizing concentration and granulometry of ferrimagnetic phase of soils. For further explanations of the magnetic anomalies, we created 3D synthetic magnetic models of the studied objects and compared the calculated total field anomalies with field measurements by their intensity and size. Here, we show how positive magnetic anomalies of destroyed burials are generated when a destruction pit remains open and later topsoil material gradually refilled it with aid of precipitation water. In this case, the infill layers acquire detrital remanence of the same intensity as the topsoil. Such burials are the best targets for magnetic survey. However, archaeological excavations revealed both intact and destroyed inhumations that caused no magnetic disturbance. Obviously, they were refilled immediately after digging/destruction, so that natural remanence of the infill remains mechanically destroyed. The study of this specific category of archaeological monuments brought us closer in the understanding the formation of magnetic anomalies in soil‐filled features and showed the potential and limitations of magnetic prospection.
Topology‐Controlled AIEE of Iminocoumarin Luminophores
Authors: Chattapadhyay Deepta , Mondal Sahabaj , Kumar Santosh , Haldar Debasish
Published: July 2021

Aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) is an unusual phenomenon where luminophores show a higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated and solid state. We report the design and synthesis of a series of luminophores 1–4 with imine functionality at 6 position of coumarin and studied their AIE propensities on self‐assembly. The effect of the topology of the phenolic hydroxyl group on the emission behaviour of the luminophores has been investigated. The imines show significant solvatochromism with high emission in non‐polar solvents, whereas the emission gets quenched in the polar solvent. The fluorescence in the toluene‐hexane mixture arises due to the aggregation of fluorophores and falls under the category of AIEE. Not only the solution state emission of the isomeric iminocoumarin luminophores is notably varied, but also their solid‐state emission found to be significantly different from each other. Moreover, the iminocoumarin 1 selectively recognizes Fe(III) over Fe(II) with a prominent color change. In situ oxidation of Fe(II) with H2O2 exhibits the same effect like Fe(III) and developed a chemical combinational logic gate.
Refugee education: Introduction to the special section
Authors: Lee Ahlam
Published: July 2021

This special section focuses on education in relation to diverse refugee groups by exploring and engaging interdisciplinary perspectives. A collection of nine articles articulates the plight of refugees in the resettlement context at the nexus of conflicts with host citizens, pre‐migration trauma and post‐migration stress, and educational opportunities for survival and upward social mobility. Refugees discussed in this special section come from different countries of origin, while facing similar challenges of integration in different host countries. Beginning with the context and common background of refugees, this editorial analyses the underlying mechanisms of anti‐refugee sentiments based on the host countries studied in the nine articles, including Australia, Canada, Greece, Kenya, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea, Sweden and Turkey. It then discusses the following themes derived from the nine articles: (1) the gap between refugees’ educational aspirations and opportunities; (2) refugees’ identity negotiation; and (3) educational practices, policies and leadership for refugees. Lastly, it synthesises the central arguments of the articles to give a sense of how anti‐refugee sentiments are interconnected with barriers to learning for refugees and to provide a rationale for institutionalising inclusive education for them. This special section is aimed at encouraging readers to adopt a multi‐layered lens for examining refugee education to better understand how refugees are not only traumatised victims of extremist ideologies, but also ostracised in a wide range of settings including schools, universities and communities in their host countries.
Omega‐3 fatty acids are associated with blood–brain barrier integrity in a healthy aging population
Authors: Barnes Samuel , Chowdhury Shilpy , Gatto Nicole M. , Fraser Gary E. , Lee Grace J.
Published: July 2021

In aging populations, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with better cognitive function, slower rates of cognitive decline, and lower risk of developing dementia. Animal studies have shown that diets rich in omega‐3 PUFAs reduce blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption associated with aging, but this has yet to be observed in humans.

Forty‐five healthy subjects (mean age, 76 years) were recruited and underwent cognitive assessment (verbal learning and memory, language, processing speed, executive function, and motor control) and measurement of PUFAs. Forty of the same subjects also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure BBB integrity (Ktrans using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI).

The long chain omega‐3 score (DHA+EPA) was negatively correlated with Ktrans values in the internal capsule, indicating higher omega‐3 levels were associated with greater BBB integrity in this region (r = –0.525, p = .004). Trends were observed for a positive correlation between the long chain omega‐3 score and both memory and language scores, but not with executive function, speed, or motor control. The omega‐6 score was not significantly correlated with any cognitive scores or Ktrans values.

The significant correlations between long chain omega‐3 levels and BBB integrity provide a possible mechanism by which omega‐3 PUFAs are associated with brain health.
The bigger picture of shared decision making: A service design perspective using the care path of locally advanced pancreatic cancer as a case
Authors: Griffioen Ingeborg P. M. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , Melles Marijke , Snelders Dirk , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , van Eijck Casper H. , Stiggelbout Anne M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Solutions to improve the implementation of shared decision making (SDM) in oncology often focus on the consultation, with limited effects. In this study, we used a service design perspective on the care path of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). We aimed to understand how experiences of patients, their significant others, and medical professionals over the entire care path accumulate to support their ability to participate in SDM.

Participants and methods

We used qualitative interviews including design research techniques with 13 patients, 13 significant others, and 11 healthcare professionals, involved in the diagnosis or treatment of LAPC. The topic list was based on the literature and an auto‐ethnography of the illness trajectory by a caregiver who is also a service design researcher. We conducted a thematic content analysis to identify themes influencing the ability to participate in SDM.

Results

We found four interconnected themes: (1) Decision making is an ongoing and unpredictable process with many decision moments, often unannounced. The unpredictability of the disease course, tumor response to treatment, and consequences of choices on the quality of life complicate decision making; (2) Division of roles, tasks, and collaboration among professionals and between professionals and patients and/or their significant others is often unclear to patients and their significant others; (3) It involves “work” for patients and their significant others to obtain and understand information; (4) In “their disease journey,” patients are confronted with unexpected energy drains and energy boosts, that influence their level of empowerment to participate in SDM.

Conclusion

The service design perspective uncovered how the stage for SDM is often set outside the consultation, which might explain the limited effect currently seen of interventions focusing on consultation itself. Our findings serve as a starting point for (re)designing care paths to improve the implementation of SDM in oncology.
Utilising telemental health in a paediatric outpatient psychology clinic: Therapeutic alliance and outcomes
Authors: Frye William S. , Gardner Lauren , Mateus Jazmine S.
Published: July 2021

The benefits of telehealth for both patients and clinicians are well established, but little is known about patient therapeutic alliance with telehealth for mental health (TMH) services. In the present study, 50 paediatric patients participated in rating therapeutic alliance after receiving psychological services via videoconferencing or in person. Results indicated paediatric patients rated a high level of therapeutic alliance following psychological services provided through either modality. TMH resulted in higher show rates and allowed access to care for paediatric patients who may have otherwise gone unserved due to a variety of factors. Overall, results support that TMH was well received by paediatric patients and suggest it is an effective modality for providing mental health services to paediatric patients who would otherwise not have access to care due to barriers.
Precise regulation of pyrrole‐type single‐atom Mn‐N4 sites for superior pH‐universal oxygen reduction
Authors: Yan Lei , Xie Liyan , Wu Xi‐Lin , Qian Mengying , Chen Jianrong , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong
Published: July 2021

The study of atomically dispersed metal‐nitrogen electrocatalysts is still limited in terms of understanding their catalytic mechanism because of the inability to precisely regulate the coordination number and type of N in combination with the metal elements. Inspired by the high catalytic activity and selectivity of natural enzymes, herein, we have designed and fabricated ultrathin carbon nanosheet‐supported Mn single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with a precise pyrrole‐type Mn‐N4 (PT‐MnN4) configuration using a bio‐mimicking strategy. The PT‐MnN4 SACs display outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.88 V (vs. revisible hydrogen electrode [RHE]) and extremely high stability in alkaline media. Moreover, superior ORR activities are also obtained, E1/2 of 0.73 V and 0.63 V in acid and neutral electrolytes, respectively, indicating the efficient pH‐universal ORR performances. The assembled zinc–air battery using the PT‐MnN4 SACs as air cathodes exhibits a high peak power density (175 mW cm−2) and long‐term stability up to 150 h, implying its promising application in metal–air batteries. This study has paved the way toward the rational design and precise regulation of single‐atom electrocatalysts.
PdNi/Ni Nanotubes Assembled by Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Efficient Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Jiao Shiqian , Liu Songliang , Zhang Hugang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang
Published: July 2021

The optimization of structure and composition is essential to improve the performance of catalysts. Herein, mesoporous nanoparticles assembled PdNi/Ni nanotubes (mPdNi/Ni NTs) are successfully fabricated using nickel nanowires as sacrificial template. The combination of nanotubular structure with mesoporous nanoparticle morphology can provide facilitated transfer channels and sufficient active sites, allowing the full contact and reaction between catalysts and reactants. Therefore, the synthesized mPdNi/Ni NTs exhibite superior ethanol oxidation performance to mesoporous Pd nanotubes and commercial Pd black. This study proposes a rational strategy for the development of nanoparticle assembled nanotubes with surface mesoporous morphology, which can greatly improve catalytic performance in various electrocatalytic fields.