bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Roxadustat on Erythropoietin Production in the Rat Body
Authors: Yasuoka Yukiko , Izumi Yuichiro , Fukuyama Takashi , Omiya Haruki , Pham Truyen D. , Inoue Hideki , Oshima Tomomi , Yamazaki Taiga , Uematsu Takayuki , Kobayashi Noritada , Shimada Yoshitaka , Nagaba Yasushi , Yamashita Tetsuro , Mukoyama Masashi , Sato Yuichi , Wall Susan M. , Sands Jeff M. , Takahashi Noriko , Kawahara Katsumasa , Nonoguchi Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Anemia is a major complication of chronic renal failure. To treat this anemia, prolylhydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) inhibitors as well as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been used. Although PHD inhibitors rapidly stimulate erythropoietin (Epo) production, the precise sites of Epo production following the administration of these drugs have not been identified. We developed a novel method for the detection of the Epo protein that employs deglycosylation-coupled Western blotting. With protein deglycosylation, tissue Epo contents can be quantified over an extremely wide range. Using this method, we examined the effects of the PHD inhibitor, Roxadustat (ROX), and severe hypoxia on Epo production in various tissues in rats. We observed that ROX increased Epo mRNA expression in both the kidneys and liver. However, Epo protein was detected in the kidneys but not in the liver. Epo protein was also detected in the salivary glands, spleen, epididymis and ovaries. However, both PHD inhibitors (ROX) and severe hypoxia increased the Epo protein abundance only in the kidneys. These data show that, while Epo is produced in many tissues, PHD inhibitors as well as severe hypoxia regulate Epo production only in the kidneys.
Hf(OTf)4-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of N-Carbamate-Protected β-Amino Ketones
Authors: Chen Zhen-Zhen , Yang Dong-Zhao , Dong Ying-Ying , Chi Mei , Pu Shou-Zhi , Sun Qi
Published: February 2022

Hafnium(IV) triflate (Hf(OTf)4) has been identified as a potent catalyst for the direct three-component synthesis of β-carbamate ketones. This new method, featuring a low catalyst loading, fast reaction rate, and solvent-free conditions, provided facile access to a diversity of carbamate-protected Mannich bases. A mechanistic investigation indicated that the three-component reaction proceeds via sequential aldol condensation and aza-Michael addition, but not the Mannich-type pathway.
Enhanced Sunscreen Effects via Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly of Chitosan/Sodium Alginate/Calcium Chloride/EHA
Authors: Xu Chuntao , Zeng Xuemin , Yang Zujin , Ji Hongbing
Published: February 2022

The sunscreen nanocapsules were successfully synthesized by the way of layer-by-layer self-assembly using charged droplets (prepared by emulsification of LAD-30, Tween-80 and EHA (2-Ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate)) as templates. Chitosan/sodium alginate/calcium chloride were selected as wall materials to wrap EHA. The emulsions with the ratio of Tween-80 to EHA (1:1) were stable. A stable NEI negative emulsion can be obtained when the ratio of Tween-80 and LAD-30 was 9:1. Chitosan solutions (50 kDa, 0.25 mg/mL) and sodium alginate solutions (0.5 mg/mL) were selected to prepare nanocapsules. The nanocapsules were characterized via some physico-chemical methods. Based on the synergistic effects of the electrostatic interaction between wall materials and emulsifiers, EHA was effectively encapsulated. DLS and TEM showed that the sunscreen nanocapsules were dispersed in a spherical shape with nano-size, with the increasing number of assembly layers, the size increased from 155 nm (NEI) to 189 nm (NEII) to 201 nm (NEIII) and 205 nm after solidification. The release studies in vitro showed sustained release behavior of the nanocapsules were observed with the increase of the number of deposition layers, implying a good coating effect. The sunscreen nanocapsules could control less than 50% the release of EHA after crosslinking of calcium chloride and sodium alginate, which also could effectively avoid the stimulation of the sun protection agent on the skin.
Fabrication of Bi2MoO6 Nanosheets/TiO2 Nanorod Arrays Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Di , Du Rui , Hu Zhenglong , Gao Shu , Tu Yafang , Fu Yunfei , Zheng Guang , Zhou Youhua
Published: February 2022

Bi2MoO6/TiO2 heterostructures (HSs) were synthesized in the present study by growing Bi2MoO6 nanosheets on vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays using a two-step solvothermal method. Their morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Excellent visible-light absorption was observed by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, which was attributed to the presence of the Bi2MoO6 nanosheets with a narrow-band-gap. The specific surface area and pore volume of the photocatalysts were significantly increased due to the hierarchical structure composed of Bi2MoO6 nanosheets and TiO2 nanorods. The photoluminescence and photoelectrochemical characterizations showed improved separation and collection efficiency of the Bi2MoO6/TiO2 HSs towards the interface charge carrier. The photocatalytic analysis of the Bi2MoO6/TiO2 HSs demonstrated a significantly better methylene blue (MB) degradation efficiency of 95% within 3 h than pristine TiO2 nanorod arrays under visible-light irradiation. After three photocatalytic cycles, the degradation rate remained at ~90%. The improved performance of the Bi2MoO6/TiO2 HSs was attributed to the synergy among the extended absorption of visible light; the large, specific surface area of the hierarchical structure; and the enhanced separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Finally, we also established the Bi2MoO6/TiO2 HSs band structure and described the photocatalytic dye degradation mechanism. The related electrochemical analysis and free-radical trapping experiments indicated that h+, ·O2− and ·OH have significant effects on the degradation process.
HiMoRNA: A Comprehensive Database of Human lncRNAs Involved in Genome-Wide Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Mazurov Evgeny , Sizykh Alexey , Medvedeva Yulia A.
Published: February 2022

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in genome regulation. Specifically, many lncRNAs interact with chromatin, recruit epigenetic complexes and in this way affect large-scale gene expression programs. However, the experimental data about lncRNA-chromatin interactions is still limited. The majority of experimental protocols do not provide any insight into the mechanics of lncRNA-based genome-wide epigenetic regulation. Here we present the HiMoRNA (Histone-Modifying RNA) database, a resource containing correlated lncRNA–epigenetic changes in specific genomic locations genome-wide. HiMoRNA integrates a large amount of multi-omics data to characterize the effects of lncRNA on epigenetic modifications and gene expression. The current release of HiMoRNA includes more than five million associations in humans for ten histone modifications in multiple genomic loci and 4145 lncRNAs. HiMoRNA provides a user-friendly interface to facilitate browsing, searching and retrieving of lncRNAs associated with epigenetic profiles of various chromatin loci. Analysis of the HiMoRNA data suggests that several lncRNA including JPX might be involved not only in regulation of XIST locus but also in direct establishment or maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation. We believe that HiMoRNA is a convenient and valuable resource that can provide valuable biological insights and greatly facilitate functional annotation of lncRNAs.
Non-Canonical Host Intracellular Niche Links to New Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanism
Authors: Kember Michaela , Grandy Shannen , Raudonis Renee , Cheng Zhenyu
Published: February 2022

Globally, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among people of all ages. The development of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases has been one of the most significant advances in medical history. Alarmingly, antimicrobial resistance is a widespread phenomenon that will, without intervention, make currently treatable infections once again deadly. In an era of widespread antimicrobial resistance, there is a constant and pressing need to develop new antibacterial drugs. Unraveling the underlying resistance mechanisms is critical to fight this crisis. In this review, we summarize some emerging evidence of the non-canonical intracellular life cycle of two priority antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial factors that modulate this unique intracellular niche and its implications in contributing to resistance are discussed. We then briefly discuss some recent research that focused on the promises of boosting host immunity as a combination therapy with antimicrobials to eradicate these two particular pathogens. Finally, we summarize the importance of various strategies, including surveillance and vaccines, in mitigating the impacts of antimicrobial resistance in general.
Enduring Challenges despite Progress in Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Angola
Authors: Peliganga Luis Baião , Horta Marco Aurélio Pereira , Lewis-Ximenez Lia Laura
Published: February 2022

Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, with an incidence of 1.5 million and 0.8 million yearly deaths, which drives synergistic efforts towards its elimination. To assess the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1012 pregnant women in Angola to investigate HBV serological and molecular profiles. The prevalence of HBV was 8.7% (n = 88), with hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM) positivity identified in 12.8%, hepatitis B “e” antigen (HBeAg) positivity in 30%, and HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL in 28.2%. Family tracking studied 44 children, of which 11 (25%) received at least two doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. HBV was detected in 10/44 (22.7%) children, with vaccination reported in one infected child. Further testing identified anti-HBc IgM positivity in 3/10 (30%), HBeAg positivity in 55%, and both seromarkers in 20%. The results revealed the importance of antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for mothers with high viral loads or HBeAg positivity, and timely first-dose hepatitis B vaccines in newborns. Anti-HBc IgM positivity among pregnant women and children highlights prophylactic measures worth considering, including antenatal hepatitis B vaccination and catch-up vaccination to young children.
In Vitro Technologies for American Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh) Conservation
Authors: Liu Zhuoya , Bi Wen-Lu , Shukla Mukund R. , Saxena Praveen K.
Published: February 2022

American chestnut (Castanea dentata), a native species of eastern North America, is an economically important deciduous hardwood tree that has been designated as endangered in Canada. The population of American chestnut trees has dwindled significantly across Southern Ontario due to chestnut blight and many of the surviving trees continue to show blight disease symptoms. American chestnut requires efficient strategies for propagation and preservation for species recovery. The objective of this study was to develop a long-term plant conservation program using micropropagation and cryopreservation protocols. An in vitro technology using a liquid-based temporary immersion system (TIS) was developed for micropropagation of American chestnut. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was observed in cultures grown in the DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki 1984) basal medium supplemented with 2.2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine and 1.0 µM gibberellic acid. More than 95% of proliferated microshoots, about 40–50 mm in size, developed roots after 30 days of culture within bioreactor vessels containing DKW basal medium supplemented with 15 µM 3-Indolebutyric acid. Rooted plantlets transplanted to the greenhouse had a survival efficiency of 82% after one month of growth. The cryopreservation protocol for germplasm preservation was developed through droplet vitrification of shoots. Optimal regeneration of shoot tips occurred from explants precultured on stepwise concentrations of sucrose and subsequent dehydration in PVS3 for 30 min. Cryopreserved shoot tips were regenerated to whole plants using pre-optimized conditions of micropropagation. This study confirms the potential of TIS for micropropagation in ex situ conservation and reintroduction of endangered American chestnuts and possibly other woody plant species.
Water Deficit Stress Tolerance Potential of Newly Developed Wheat Genotypes for Better Yield Based on Agronomic Traits and Stress Tolerance Indices: Physio-Biochemical Responses, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism
Authors: Shahid Sumreena , Ali Qasim , Ali Shafaqat , Al-Misned Fahad A. , Maqbool Saliha
Published: February 2022

Changing environmental conditions, fresh water shortages for irrigation and the rapid increase in world population have created the problems of food insecurity and malnutrition. Different strategies, including the development of water stress-tolerant, high-yielding genotypes through breeding are used to fulfil the world food demand. The present study was conducted for the selection of high-yielding, drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, considering different morpho-physio-biochemical, agronomic and yield attributes in relation to the stress tolerance indices (STI). The experiment was carried out in field in a split-plot arrangement. Water deficit stress was maintained based on the number of irrigations. All genotypes showed a differential decreasing trend in different agronomic traits. However, the increasing or decreasing trend in leaf photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants under limited water supply also found to be genotype-specific. Genotypes MP1, MP3, MP5, MP8 and MP10 performed better regarding the yield performance under water deficit stress, which was associated with their better maintenance of water relations, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidative defense mechanisms. In conclusion, the physio-biochemical mechanisms should also be considered as the part of breeding programs for the selection of stress-tolerant genotypes, along with agronomic traits, in wheat.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Polysaccharides in 2021
Authors:   Polysaccharides Editorial Office
Published: February 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Quaternary in 2021
Authors:   Quaternary Editorial Office
Published: February 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
An Inkjet Printed Flexible Electrocorticography (ECoG) Microelectrode Array on a Thin Parylene-C Film
Authors: Kim Yoontae , Alimperti Stella , Choi Paul , Noh Moses
Published: February 2022

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is a conventional, invasive technique for recording brain signals from the cortical surface using an array of electrodes. In this study, we developed a highly flexible 22-channel ECoG microelectrode array on a thin Parylene film using novel fabrication techniques. Narrow (<40 µm) and thin (<500 nm) microelectrode patterns were first printed on PDMS, then the patterns were transferred onto Parylene films via vapor deposition and peeling. A custom-designed, 3D-printed connector was built and assembled with the Parylene-based flexible ECoG microelectrode array without soldering. The impedance of the assembled ECoG electrode array was measured in vitro by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the result was consistent. In addition, we conducted in vivo studies by implanting the flexible ECoG sensor in a rat and successfully recording brain signals.
Designing Man’s New Best Friend: Enhancing Human-Robot Dog Interaction through Dog-Like Framing and Appearance
Authors: de Visser Ewart J. , Topoglu Yigit , Joshi Shawn , Krueger Frank , Phillips Elizabeth , Gratch Jonathan , Tossell Chad C. , Ayaz Hasan
Published: February 2022

To understand how to improve interactions with dog-like robots, we evaluated the importance of “dog-like” framing and physical appearance on interaction, hypothesizing multiple interactive benefits of each. We assessed whether framing Aibo as a puppy (i.e., in need of development) versus simply a robot would result in more positive responses and interactions. We also predicted that adding fur to Aibo would make it appear more dog-like, likable, and interactive. Twenty-nine participants engaged with Aibo in a 2 × 2 (framing × appearance) design by issuing commands to the robot. Aibo and participant behaviors were monitored per second, and evaluated via an analysis of commands issued, an analysis of command blocks (i.e., chains of commands), and using a T-pattern analysis of participant behavior. Participants were more likely to issue the “Come Here” command than other types of commands. When framed as a puppy, participants used Aibo’s dog name more often, praised it more, and exhibited more unique, interactive, and complex behavior with Aibo. Participants exhibited the most smiling and laughing behaviors with Aibo framed as a puppy without fur. Across conditions, after interacting with Aibo, participants felt Aibo was more trustworthy, intelligent, warm, and connected than at their initial meeting. This study shows the benefits of introducing a socially robotic agent with a particular frame and importance on realism (i.e., introducing the robot dog as a puppy) for more interactive engagement.
Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease
Authors: McFarlane Michael , Arasaradnam Ramesh P. , Reed Beryl , Daulton Emma , Wicaksono Alfian , Tyagi Heena , Covington James A. , Nwokolo Chuka
Published: February 2022

Coeliac disease (CD) patients are distinguishable from healthy individuals via urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. We exposed 20 stable CD patients on gluten-free diet (GFDs) to a 14-day, 3 g/day gluten challenge (GCh), and assessed urinary VOC changes. A control cohort of 20 patients continued on GFD. Urine samples from Days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 were analysed using Lonestar FAIMS and Markes Gas Chromatography–Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). VOC signatures on D (day) 7–56 were compared with D0. Statistical analysis was performed using R. In GCh patients, FAIMS revealed significant VOC differences for all time points compared to D0. GC-TOF-MS revealed significant changes at D7 and D14 only. In control samples, FAIMS revealed significant differences at D7 only. GC-TOF-MS detected no significant differences. Chemical analysis via GC-MS-TOF revealed 12 chemicals with significantly altered intensities at D7 vs. D0 for GCh patients. The alterations persisted for six chemicals at D14 and one (N-methyltaurine) remained altered after D14. This low-dose, short-duration challenge was well tolerated. FAIMS and GC-TOF-MS detected VOC signature changes in CD patients when undergoing a minimal GCh. These findings suggest urinary VOCs could have a role in monitoring dietary compliance in CD patients.
Crossing Frequency Method Applicable to Intermediate Pressure Plasma Diagnostics Using the Cutoff Probe
Authors: Kim Si-jun , Lee Jang-jae , Lee Young-seok , Cho Chul-hee , You Shin-jae
Published: February 2022

Although the recently developed cutoff probe is a promising tool to precisely infer plasma electron density by measuring the cutoff frequency (fcutoff) in the S21 spectrum, it is currently only applicable to low-pressure plasma diagnostics below several torr. To improve the cutoff probe, this paper proposes a novel method to measure the crossing frequency (fcross), which is applicable to high-pressure plasma diagnostics where the conventional fcutoff method does not operate. Here, fcross is the frequency where the S21 spectra in vacuum and plasma conditions cross each other. This paper demonstrates the fcross method through three-dimensional electromagnetic wave simulation as well as experiments in a capacitively coupled plasma source. Results demonstrate that the method operates well at high pressure (several tens of torr) as well as low pressure. In addition, through circuit model analysis, a method to estimate electron density from fcross is discussed. It is believed that the proposed method expands the operating range of the cutoff probe and thus contributes to its further development.
Non-Cooperative SAR Automatic Target Recognition Based on Scattering Centers Models
Authors: Araujo Gustavo F. , Machado Renato , Pettersson Mats I.
Published: February 2022

This article proposes an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithm to classify non-cooperative targets in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The scarcity or nonexistence of measured SAR data demands that classification algorithms rely only on synthetic data for training purposes. Based on a model represented by the set of scattering centers extracted from purely synthetic data, the proposed algorithm generates hypotheses for the set of scattering centers extracted from the target under test belonging to each class. A Goodness of Fit test is considered to verify each hypothesis, where the Likelihood Ratio Test is modified by a scattering center-weighting function common to both the model and target. Some algorithm variations are assessed for scattering center extraction and hypothesis generation and verification. The proposed solution is the first model-based classification algorithm to address the recently released Synthetic and Measured Paired Labeled Experiment (SAMPLE) dataset on a 100% synthetic training data basis. As a result, an accuracy of 91.30% in a 10-target test within a class experiment under Standard Operating Conditions (SOCs) was obtained. The algorithm was also pioneered in testing the SAMPLE dataset in Extend Operating Conditions (EOCs), assuming noise contamination and different target configurations. The proposed algorithm was shown to be robust for SNRs greater than −5 dB.
VDBFusion: Flexible and Efficient TSDF Integration of Range Sensor Data
Authors: Vizzo Ignacio , Guadagnino Tiziano , Behley Jens , Stachniss Cyrill
Published: February 2022

Mapping is a crucial task in robotics and a fundamental building block of most mobile systems deployed in the real world. Robots use different environment representations depending on their task and sensor setup. This paper showcases a practical approach to volumetric surface reconstruction based on truncated signed distance functions, also called TSDFs. We revisit the basics of this mapping technique and offer an approach for building effective and efficient real-world mapping systems. In contrast to most state-of-the-art SLAM and mapping approaches, we are making no assumptions on the size of the environment nor the employed range sensor. Unlike most other approaches, we introduce an effective system that works in multiple domains using different sensors. To achieve this, we build upon the Academy-Award-winning OpenVDB library used in filmmaking to realize an effective 3D map representation. Based on this, our proposed system is flexible and highly effective and, in the end, capable of integrating point clouds from a 64-beam LiDAR sensor at 20 frames per second using a single-core CPU. Along with this publication comes an easy-to-use C++ and Python library to quickly and efficiently solve volumetric mapping problems with TSDFs.
SAR Imaging Algorithm of Ocean Waves Based on Optimum Subaperture
Authors: Zhao Yawei , Wei Xianen , Chong Jinsong , Diao Lijie
Published: February 2022

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is widely applied to the field of ocean remote sensing. Clear SAR images are the basis for ocean information acquisitions, such as parameter retrieval of ocean waves and wind field inversion of the ocean surface. However, the SAR ocean images are usually blurred, which seriously affects the acquisition of ocean information. The reasons for the wave blurring in SAR images mainly include the following two aspects. One is that when SAR observes the ocean, the motion of ocean waves will have a greater impact on imaging quality. The other is that the ocean’s surface is seriously decorrelated within the integration time. In order to obtain clear SAR images of ocean waves, a SAR imaging algorithm of ocean waves based on the optimum subaperture is proposed, aiming at the above two aspects. The optimum focus setting of the ocean waves is calculated, drawing support from the azimuth phase velocity of the dominant wave. The optimum subaperture is further calculated according to the proposed new evaluation, namely, F. Finally, according to the optimum focus setting and the optimum subaperture, the dominant wave is refocused, and a clear SAR image of the dominant wave can be obtained. The proposed algorithm was applied to airborne L-band and P-band SAR data. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was compared with present methods, and the results sufficiently demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Repurposing of Anti-Malarial Drug Quinacrine for Cancer Treatment: A Review
Authors: Kumar Makhan , Sarkar Angshuman
Published: February 2022

Quinacrine (QC), a synthetic drug belonging to the 9-aminoacridine family, has been used extensively to treat malaria and multiple ailments over the past several decades. Following its discovery in the 1920s and extensive use for the treatment of malaria for nearly two decades, numerous studies have explored its antineoplastic potential in both preclinical and clinical settings. Multiple studies spanning over seven decades have examined a wide range of QC anticancer activities across various types of cancers, along with the underlying mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms, including activation of the p53 signaling cascade and simultaneous NF-κB signaling inhibition, have been reported in various studies, bringing QC to a unique polypharmacological category drug possessing the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. This article summarizes most of the research conducted over several decades to uncover new molecular mechanisms activated or inactivated and directly correlate with antineoplastic activity QC.
The Governance of Nigeria’s Social Protection: The Burdens of Developmental Welfarism?
Authors: Shadare Gbenga Akinlolu
Published: February 2022

Empirical findings on the implementation of neoliberal social policies in the global south has presented them as mostly political economy failures. In several studies, their messy interactions with politics and a myriad of implementation bottlenecks were highlighted. Social protection and social programmes, as an example of social policies have unfortunately become politicised used as instruments by political leaders striving to win political capital in environments of unbridled, and complex bureaucratic procedures. This article analyses challenges of social development or ‘developmental welfarism’ in the Nigerian context through interrogation of the territorial governance of Nigerian social protection. The issues addressed by this article relates to the orientation of Nigerian social policy dynamics and the exploration of these challenges, were described as the ‘burdens of developmental welfarism’ which relates to the broader issues of the so-called Nigerian ‘developmental’ state. The analysis of Nigerian social policy dynamics through a political economy lens, highlighted the ramifications of the complex interactions of different stakeholders (international, local and non-state actors) as well as processes and mechanisms that shaped the territorial governance of Nigerian social policy programmes. The article unpacked the issues and challenges of Nigerian social protection and offered some policy recommendations for ‘unburdening’ Nigerian social policy.
Microclimatic Landscape Architecture: From Theory to Application
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Li Dongying , Brown Robert D.
Published: February 2022

Global climate change and urban heat island intensification are making many cities dangerously hot during heat waves. There is a need for a clear process for applying microclimate information in urban design to create cooler cities. A recent paper points out the gaps in research methodology and suggests the need for implementation-oriented research. It suggests action steps to take research from theory to practice. The framework has five steps, and in our paper, we have addressed four of those steps: (1) understanding the needs of designers; (2) integrated research on urban microclimate factors; (3) development of guidance methods for better design; and (4) developing user-friendly tools. To address the first step, a group of Chinese landscape architects was given a questionnaire and it was found that they perceived principles and guidelines as being the most useful microclimatic design methods. The second step was addressed through a case study with on-site measurements and modeling. In step 3, microclimate information was used to redesign the site. The process that followed addressed the fourth step by illustrating user-friendly tools.
A Framework to Model the Wind-Induced Losses in Buildings during Hurricanes
Authors: Alduse Bejoy , Pang Weichiang , Tadinada Sashi Kanth , Khan Shiraj
Published: February 2022

Wind-induced loss modeling plays a key role in insurance risk management. Hence, a flexible vulnerability framework is to be developed for residential and commercial buildings. This model predicts the losses induced by hurricane wind pressure, wind-borne debris and wind-driven rain. Twenty-five different key variables of the buildings and environment are used as attributes for the simulations. Model results are validated using the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Models (FPHLM) and HAZUS wind vulnerability functions. New contributions include (1) a Markovian roof-aging model to address decreases in roof performance due to aging, and (2) occupancy-specific interior value models based on FEMA Normative quantities for the systematic evaluation of interior value applicable to archetype buildings. A simple wind debris impact model and wind-driven rain intrusion model is also introduced. The influence of the number of stories, roof aging, and window vulnerability resulting in damage are investigated in this article to ensure consistency of the results. The proposed framework enables insurance loss modelers to make judicious choices of input variables based on partial or detailed knowledge about the building to model losses. Future research should focus on validation and calibration using good-quality insurance claims data.
Modern approaches to screening diagnostics of the risk of metabolic syndrome based on integrated clinical and laboratory indicators (review)
Authors:   aratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Bezrukova Galina Aleksandrovna , Novikova Tamara Anatolievna ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of Rospotrebnadzor, Mikerov Anatoliy Nikolaevich ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of Rospotrebnadzor
Published: February 2022

The wide prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), its high comorbidity with diseases of the circulatory system and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the possibility of reversibility of cardiometabolic risk with adequate prevention and a healthy lifestyle determine the high importance of early detection of MS during mass preventive examinations. Based on the generalization of modern domestic and foreign experience in the use of integrated clinical and laboratory indicators in the screening diagnosis of MS, the advantages, limitations, disadvantages and threshold values of the physiological norm of the most popular indirect anthropometric indices of central and abdominal obesity (body mass index, waist circumference, waist circumference to height ratio, body shape index), surrogate markers of adipose tissue dysfunction (lipid accumulation index and visceral obesity index) are considered, non-insulin methods for detecting disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (metabolic index), criteria for blood plasma atherogenicity (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Castelli II risk index, cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity, plasma atherogenic risk index). It is shown that the use of calculated ratios of routine anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) and biochemical parameters (glucose level, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), allows to increase the sensitivity and prognostic significance of generally recognized criteria for cardiometabolic risk in mass screening examinations of the population.
Significant and memorable dates of the sanitary case of 2022
Authors:   National Research Institute of Public Health named after N.A. Semashko, Moscow, Russia, Egorysheva I. V. , Sherstneva E. V. ,   National Research Institute of Public Health named after N.A. Semashko, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2022

The staff of the Department of the History of Medicine of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health has prepared a list and description of significant and memorable dates of sanitary affairs, timed to 2022. The material is presented in three sections: «historical and medical events», «publication of works» and «personalities». The main historical and medical event of 2022 is the centenary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR «On sanitary authorities of the Republic» (1922, September 15). The publication of the Decree is considered the starting point of the modern history of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, the prototype of which originated in pre-revolutionary Russia. Of particular interest are scientific works published 150–250 years ago and devoted to the current problems of hygiene and epidemiology at that stage — air quality, prevention of workers’ diseases, treatment and anti-epidemic measures for the plague, the state of the Crimean army in the campaign of 1854–1856. The section «personalities» contains a list of round dates from the birth and death of prominent figures in the field of hygiene and a description of the main milestones of their lives and activities.
Indeks massa tubuh dan kadar HbA1c pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2
Authors: Suandy Suandy , Lumbantobing Andrico Napolin , Rohen Rohen , Chairul Muhammad , Dewani Yunita , Tarigan Setia Budi
Published: February 2022

Penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup sekaligus meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. HbA1 (hemoglobin terglikasi) digunakan untuk mendiagnosis diabetes mellitus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara nilai IMT dan HbA1c pada pasien DM tipe 2. Studi ini mengambil pendekatan cross-sectional dan bersifat observasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan IMT dengan Kadar HbA1c yang paling banyak mempengaruhi diabetes mellitus adalah 18,5-24,9 yaitu 53 orang, sedangkan yang paling rendah yaitu ≥25 dengan jumlah 22 orang. Terdapat korelasi yang tidak signifikan antara Hba1c dengan IMT (p=0,987).
Analisis Pengembangan Bisnis Masa Pandemi Di Pt. Milala Wisata Tour And Travel
Authors: Sembiring Andes Stefen
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan hasil penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitafi dengan menggunakan metode analisis SWOT, STP, Marketing mix 7P, dan Cashflow selama 3 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usaha PT. Milala Wisata Tour & Travel di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan cara membuat sidebussines kuliner khas daerah agar mainbussines tetap bertahan. Analisis SWOT adalah suatu cara untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor secara sistematis dalam rangka merumuskan strategi perusahaan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah dengan observasi langsung yang dilakukan pada perusahaan dan melakukan wawancara dengan owner/pemilik PT. Milala Wisata Tour & Travel. Kemudian juga dengan menambahkan dari buku-buku bacaan dan juga sumber lain yang berhubungan dengan judul penelitian. Adapun strategi marketing mix 7P meliputi price, product, process, people, physical evidance, promotion, place. Untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, dan kelayakan sidebussines kuliner khas, terlebih dahulu dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui bagaimana target pasar. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengumpulan dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Internal Rate of Return & Cashflow selama 3 tahun untuk melihat tingkat kelayakan sidebussines kuliner khas cocok dan mampu menopang mainbussines  usaha Travel. Hasil penelitian dari Cashflow selama 3 tahun menunjukkan bahwa sidebussnis kuliner khas layak untuk direalisasikan sebagai penopang mainbussines di masa pandemi Covid-19. Sidebussines kuliner khas memiliki kekuatan dan sejalanan dengan bisnis travel sehingga dapat memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.
The Influence of the Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI
Authors: Usaha fau Amos
Published: February 2022

At the company PT. MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI always encounters obstacles in terms of the process of achieving performance. Every company needs to realize that to achieve good performance is influenced by a comfortable and clean work environment. So that employees have motivation and job satisfaction in the company PT. MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI. Based on the factors and my research entitled PT.MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI. to find out how much influence the work environment has on employee performance at PT. MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI. Then the method used is the Likert scale and SPSS. Based on the results of the t test, a significant value of 5% is obtained, then H1 is accepted or H0 is rejected. It can be seen that the influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. MULTI PRIMA MANDIRI.
Penyusunan Mitigasi Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Dengan Metode Cause Consequence Analysis
Authors: Saragi Rony Cipta
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini di lakukan pada salah satu perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak dalam bidang industri manufacturing pembuatan spare part mesin pabrik dan juga mesin-mesin pabrik industri kelapa sawit. Kecelakaan kerja masih sering terjadi di workshop pabrik tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan menganalisis tingkat keparahan dan penyebab kecelakaan kerja. Adapun langkah- langkah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, pemeriksaan, perolehan data kecelakaan kerja, perolehan data perbaikan. Adapun metode atau tools yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Cause Consequence Analysis, metode ini digunakan untuk mengukur tingakat keparahan dari kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi. Atas dasar inilah saya menciptakan gagasan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi risiko/bahaya yang timbul di workshop tersebut, sehingga dapat diketahui potensi bahaya yang mempunyai nilai risiko yang paling tinggi(high risk) sampai potensi bahaya yang mempunyai nilai risiko yang paling rendah( low risk). Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini dapat dilakukan sebagai penanganan yang tepat suntuk mencegah terjadinya kembali kecelakaan kerja di workshop tersebut.
PENGARUH ADULT ATTACHMENT TERHADAP FORGIVENESS PADA PASANGAN SUAMI-ISTRI DI KABUPATEN TANGERANGPENGARUH ADULT ATTACHMENT TERHADAP FORGIVENESS PADA PASANGAN SUAMI-ISTRI DI KABUPATEN TANGERANGPENGARUH ADULT ATTACHMENT TERHADAP FORGIVENESS PADA PASANGAN SUAM
Authors: Nurlaila Ega , Riza Wina Lova , Rahman Puspa Rahayu Utami
Published: February 2022

Pernikahan merupakan suatu akad atau perjanjian yang mengikat seorang laki-laki dengan perempuan secara halal. Dalam pernikahan, konflik dan permasalahan merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dihindari sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah strategi yang tepat untuk mengatasinya seperti forgiveness atau memaafkan. Forgiveness merupakan tindakan pemberian maaf pada orang lain yang sudah menyakiti dirinya demi memperbaiki hubungan. Kelekatan dewasa atau adult attachment adalah salah satu bentuk kelekatan yang menjadi faktor pemberian maaf. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh adult attachment terhadap forgiveness pada pasangan suami istri di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menekankan analisis pada data-data kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan yakni 100 pasangan suami istri di Kabupaten Tangerang. Data diambil menggunakan skala adult attachment (Hofstra, J., van Oudenhoven, J. P., & Buunk, B. P, 2005) dan skala forgiveness (Gracia & Heng, 2020) dengan teknik nonprobability sampling melalui quota sampling. Dari hasil uji regresi linier sederhana, didapat hasil sig 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga bisa disebut bahwa hipotesis pada penelitian yakni Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Artinya, terdapat pengaruh adult attachment terhadap forgiveness pada pasangan suami-istri di Kabupaten Tangerang.
The Performance of Redescending M-Estimators when Outliers are in Two Dimensional Space
Authors: Ebele Anekwe Stella , Iheanyi Onyeagu Sidney
Published: February 2022

M-estimators are robust estimators that give less weight to the observations that are outliers while redescending M-estimators are those estimators that are built such that extreme outliers are completely rejected. In this paper, redescending M-estimators are compared using both the Monte Carlo simulation method and the real life data to ascertain the method that is more efficient and robust when outliers are in both x and y directions. The results from the simulation study and the real life data indicate that Anekwe redescending M-estimator is more efficient and robust when outliers are in both x and y directions.
Iodine Defi ciency and Pregnancy: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Мохорт Т.В.
Published: February 2022

Представлены данные о состоянии йодной обеспеченности беременных женщин в Республике Беларусь на фоне признанной ликвидации недостаточности йода, свидетельствующие онедостаточном потреблении йода беременными. На основании анализа данных литературы приведены сведения о влиянии беременности на йодную обеспеченность и обосновано развитие дефицита йода в этот физиологический период. Проведен подробный анализ негативного влияния на развитие плода дефицита йода и ассоциированного с ним снижения уровня тироксина. Рассмотрен спектр неврологических расстройств, связанных с дефицитом йода, на ранних стадиях внутриутробного развития. Подтверждено нейротератогенное действие дефицита йода на организм плода, особенно значимое на начальных сроках гестации. Представлены обоснованные данные международных экспертных организаций по современным критериям оценки йодной обеспеченности во время беременности и в период лактации. С учетом необходимости поддержания адекватной йодной обеспеченности при планировании беременности и в ее ранние сроки обосновано повышение потребности в йоде в этот физиологический период. Обсуждены оптимальные подходы к повышению потребления йода в форме калия йодида во время беременности. Обоснована нецелесообразность коррекции пищевого рациона для восполнения недостатка йода в связи с невозможностью точной оценки его потребления.

The data on the state of iodine security of pregnant women in the Republic of Belarus against the background of the recognized elimination of iodine deficiency, indicating insufficient iodine consumption by pregnant women, are presented. Based on the analysis of literature data, information is provided on the effect of pregnancy on iodine security and the development of iodine deficiency during this physiological period is justified. A detailed analysis of the negative impact of iodine deficiency and the associated decrease of thyroxine levels on fetal development was carried out. The spectrum of neurological disorders associated with iodine deficiency in the early stages of intrauterine development is considered. The neuroteratogenic effect of iodine deficiency on the fetal body is confirmed to be especially significant at the initial stages of gestation. The substantiated data of international expert organizations on modern criteria for assessing iodine availability during pregnancy and lactation are presented. Taking into account the need to maintain adequate iodine supply during pregnancy planning and in its early stages, an increase in the need for iodine during this physiological period is justified. Optimal approaches to increasing the consumption of iodine in the form of potassium iodide during pregnancy are discussed. The inexpediency of correcting the diet to compensate for the lack of iodine is justified due to the inability to accurately assess its consumption.
The First Experience in the Use of Liquid Cytology in the Study of Follicular Fluid in the Application of Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Мотолянец П.М. , Юдина О.А. , Герасимович А.И. , Ващилина Т.П. , Курлович И.В.
Published: February 2022

В части случаев первичного бесплодия его этиопатогенез остается невыясненным, а использование морфологического метода верификации причины ограничено. Возможным путем решения проблемы с оценкой рецепторного статуса гранулезных клеток может стать исследование фолликулярной жидкости (ФЖ), получаемой репродуктологами при пункции фолликулов с целью забора яйцеклетки при использовании вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Нами адаптирован и опробован простой и легко воспроизводимый метод иммуноцитоморфологического исследования ФЖ с использованием жидкостной цитологии для индивидуального прогнозирования результатов применения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий, а также оценки целесообразности и корректировки схем заместительной гормональной терапии.

In terms of cases of primary infertility, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and the use of the morphological method for verifying the cause is limited. A possible solution to the problem of assessing the receptor status of granular cells may be the study of follicular fluid obtained by fertility specialists during follicle puncture for the purpose of collecting oocytes using assisted reproductive technologies. We have adapted and tested a simple and easily reproducible method of immunocytomorphological examination of follicular fluid using liquid cytology for individual prediction of results of the use of assisted reproductive technologies, as well as evaluation of the feasibility and adjustment of hormone replacement therapy regimens.
Depression in the Work of a General Practitioner in Questions and Answers
Authors: Сушинский В.Э.
Published: February 2022

Депрессия характеризуется широким распространением в популяции, особенно среди пациентов с сопутствующей соматической патологией. В публикации изложены принципы диагностики депрессий, представлены шкалы для диагностики депрессий. На основе действующих документов определена тактика врача общей практики у пациентов с депрессиями, представлен алгоритм ведения пациента. Изложены общие основы лечения пациентов, освящены принципы назначения антидепрессантов. Основные проблемные позиции по ведению пациентов с депрессиями врачами общей практики в статье изложены в вопросах и ответах.

Depression is characterized by a wide spread in the population and especially in patients with concomitant somatic pathology. The publication describes the principles of diagnostics of depression, presents the scales for diagnostics of depression. Based on the current documents, the tactics of a general practitioner in patients with depression are determined, the algorithm of patient management is presented. The general principles of patient treatment are outlined, the principles of prescribing antidepressants are described. The main problematic positions on the management of patients with depression by general practitioners are presented in questions and answers in the article.
GALINDO, Alejandra y WESTERN, Wilda (Coords.) (2018) Voces, tramas y trayectorias: transiciones críticas en el Medio Oriente y Norte de África. Monterrey: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Authors: Hernández Hernández Leonardo David
Published: February 2022

Reseña de GALINDO, Alejandra y WESTERN, Wilda (Coords.) (2018) Voces, tramas y trayectorias: transiciones críticas en el Medio Oriente y Norte de África. Monterrey: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 450 páginas. ISBN 978-607-27-0841-9