bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of spin-reorientation phase transitions in rhombohedral antiferromagnets
Authors: Soboleva T. K. , Stefanovskii E. P.
Published: December 2024

We have investigated theoretically, for the first time, a type of first order spin reorientation phase transition between the phase Φ⊥1, in which the antiferromagnetism vector l is directed along a two-fold axis and the magnetizations of the sublattices lie in the (111) planes, and the phase Φ⊥2, in which the magnetization of the sublattices is slightly inclined out of the (111) planes, in a rhombohedral antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism. This type of phase transition apparently takes place in FeBO3. The evolution of the domain structure at such a phase transition is studied and, for the first time, the 30° phase boundary between Φ⊥1 and Φ⊥2 is studied.
Size effect in Landau diamagnetism
Authors: Nedorezov S. S.
Published: December 2024

The effect of the surface potential on the energy spectrum and magnetization of electrons in a metallic film in parrallel magnetic fields is investigated for rH ≫a and L ≫a (rH is the Larmor radius, a is the range of variation of the surface potential, and L is the film thickness). Relations are obtained for the energy levels and quantum magnetization oscillations in terms of the phase shift of the electron wave function upon reflection from the film surface. The size effect due to electrons with orbits tangent to the film surface is found to be independent of the phase shift.
Elastic moduli of (V1−xCrx)3 alloys
Authors: Kuznetsov Yu. S. , Shtol’ts A. K. , Gel’d P. V. , Gasparovich O. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper reports the results of an investigation of the temperature dependences of the elastic moduli of polycrystalline samples of the solid solutions (V1−xCrx)3Si in the temperature range 4.2−290 °K. There has been observed in all the samples with Tc ≳ 8 °K a softening of the elastic moduli, which ceases when the samples pass into the superconducting state. The degree of softening decreases with decreasing Tc.
Investigation of the axial torsional vibrations of a type-II superconductor in a magnetic field
Authors: Ashimov S. M. , Magradze O. V. , Metreveli P. I. , Tsakadze Dzh. S. , Nemoz A.
Published: December 2024

The paper reports an investigation of the pinning force in the supersaturated solid solution Al−13.5 at.% Ag, in which as a result of thermal treatment (quenching and subsequent heat aging) various defect structures (Guinier–Preston zones, γ ′- and γ-phase lamellae) are formed as the alloy decomposes. Both the mechanical and magnetic-moment techniques were used to determine the fluxoid pinning force. Electron-microscopic and metallographic investigations were carried out simultaneously. The effect of the various defect structures on the frequency and damping of the vibrations of a suspended system with a cylindrical superconducting sample was studied in different magnetic fields and at different temperatures. The pinning force was observed to increase as the alloy decomposed.
Hot electon magnetophonon resonance in the semiconducting alloy Bi0.90Sb0.10
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Bogdanov E. V. , Snegirev V. V. , Yakovlev G. D.
Published: December 2024

We have measured the dependences of the longitudinal magnetoresistance on the strength of the quantizing magnetic field in the n-type semiconducting alloy Bi0.90Sb0.10 in the temperature range 1.7 ≤ T ≤ 30° K. These dependences acquire oscillatory character on entry into the region of heating electrical fields. The effect is due to the appearance of hot electron magnetophonon resonance.
Quasiatomic and quasimolecular exciton states in inert-gas crystals
Authors: Kusmartsev F. V.
Published: December 2024

The spectrum of self-trapped excitons of the quasiatomic and quasimolecular types in inert-gas crystals is calculated. The possible use of hydrogen-like models for such calculations is analyzed. The relation of elastic stress to the luminescence of self-trapped excitons in the perfect lattice near defects (such as vacancies) is discussed. The cause of formation of a cavity around the self-trapped exciton with low electron work function from vacuum into the medium is clarified.
Specific heat of narrow-band paramagnet with strong Coulomb correlations
Authors: Povzner A. A. , Zilichikhis A. L. , Abel’skii Sh. Sh.
Published: December 2024

Analytic expressions are derived for the electron specific heat of a narrow-band paramagnet with strong Coulomb interactions in the Hubbard model. The results obtained involve factors of numbers of electronic states, leading to a decrease in the low-temperature specific heat with the filling of the lower Hubbard subband and to an increase in the upper subband. The concentration dependence of the electron specific heat differs essentially from that found without allowance for intraatomic correlations.
Possible production of special-type dislocation structures during deformation of metal single crystals in quantizing magnetic fields
Authors: Natsik V. D.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the procedure of an experiment in which straining of a metal single crystal in a quantizing magnetic field can be accompanied by the formation of dislocation loops which are greatly elongated in the direction of the magnetic field.
Discontinuous character of electrical conductivity of polycrystalline titanium under low-temperature active straining
Authors: Lavrent’ev F. F. , Nikiforenko V. N.
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the electrical resistivity and yield stress on the degree of deformation has been investigated in polycrystalline titanium at temperatures of 77 and 4.2 °K. At 4.2 °K the electrical resistivity displays a jump which correlates with the jump in the deforming stress. It is shown that this effect can also be observed for other titanium alloys.
Structural analysis of subcooled liquid argon based on the molecular-mechanics model
Authors: Galashev A. E. , Skripov V. P.
Published: December 2024

The structure of subcooled liquid argon is analyzed on the basis of a model with 108 interacting particles. Estimates of the mobility of the particles in this system indicate a state corresponding to a vitrified liquid. Analysis by the method of “statistical geometry”, involving a construction of polyhedra for the instantaneous configurations of atoms around their average positions, reveals “structural grains” of equilibrium liquid within the vitrefied liquid. Distinct indicators of short-range ordering in the irregular structure are discussed and compared with regular fcc and bcc packing of atoms.
Theory of the nonlinear orbital magnetism of Bloch electrons
Authors: Mikitik G. P. , Nedorezov S. S.
Published: December 2024

An exact formula is obtained for the weak-field orbital magnetic susceptibility of Bloch electrons for an arbitrary band structure of the crystal. For metals with the hcp structure, the general expression can be expressed in terms of the model parameters of the electron energy spectrum. The results of this work are consistent with various limiting cases obtained earlier, and make it possible to use the field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility to study the electron structure of the crystals.
X-ray studies of thermal expansion in solid N2O
Authors: Krupskii I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Érenburg A. I.
Published: December 2024

X-ray structural studies of solid N2O were performed over the temperature range 6−150°K. The experimentally determined temperature dependence of the lattice constant was used to determine density, molar volume, and thermal expansion coefficient of the compound. The specific heat at constant volume, Grüneisen coefficient, and adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities were calculated. The contributions of translational and librational oscillations of the molecules to heat capacity and thermal expansion of the crystal were separated. It was established that within the framework of the classical law of corresponding states the phonon component of N2O thermal expansion in the high temperature range agrees well with data from x-ray studies of solid Ar. The contribution of lattice oscillation anharmonicities to Cv is considered. It is shown by analysis of thermodynamic properties that the electrostatic quadrupole moment of the N2O molecule comprises 5.0 · 10−24 cgs units.
Anomaly in the specific heat of solid nitrogen containing oxygen impurities
Authors: Sumarokov V. V. , Freiman Yu. A. , Manzhelii V. G. , Popov V. A.
Published: December 2024

We have measured the specific heat of solid nitrogen in the temperature interval 1.8−6 °K. The limiting low-temperature value of the Debye temperature found is θ0 = 83.6 °K. The specific heat of solid mixtures of N2−O2, containing 1, 2, and 5% O2, has also been studied. It is shown that the experimental results may be described in terms of a model in which, along with effects due to splitting of the ground triplet state of the O2 molecule, the contributions of pairs and triplets of exchange bound oxygen molecules are also taken into account.
Transport effect on He II film under conditions of weak interaction with the substrate
Authors: Kovdrya Yu. Z. , Gordeev S. I. , Esel’son B. N. , Ivantsov V. G. , Shcherbachenko R. I.
Published: December 2024

The properties of a helium film on the surface of solid parahydrogen are investigated. It is shown that wetting of the solid hydrogen by the liquid helium occurs. The transport velocities along the He II film on the solid parahydrogen surface are measured in broad temperature, film height, and level difference ranges. It is shown that the transport velocity in this case has the least value as compared with its value on other substrates. The thickness of the helium-saturated film is determined on the solid hydrogen surface on the basis of the data obtained, and the value is in good agreement with the results of a computation performed within the framework of the Frenkel’ theory.
Experimental solidification curves of hydrogen isotopes (eH2, nH2, eD2)
Authors: Bereznyak N. G. , Sheinina A. A.
Published: December 2024

The solidification curves of hydrogen of equilibrium and normal ortho-para composition and deuterium of equilibrium composition were measured from the vapor–liquid–crystal triple point up to pressures of ∼ 60 atm. On the solidification curves investigated singularities were found which can be explained by the appearance of a new phase transition in solid hydrogen isotopes. The vapor–liquid–crystal triple point temperatures are measured for all the isotopes investigated. The phase diagram of solid hydrogen is discussed.
Theory of anomalous conductivity at low temperatures in quasi-one-dimensional systems with a charge-density wave
Authors: Krive I. V. , Rozhavskii A. S.
Published: December 2024

This study deals with the temperature dependence of the soliton conductivity in a quasi-one-dimensional conductor in a weak electric field at temperatures kT <ℏω0, where ℏω0 denotes the pinning energy of a charge-density wave associated with the commensurability effect.
Effects of magnetic fields on the low-temperature plastic deformation of some normal fcc metals
Authors: Abraimov V. V.
Published: December 2024

A study has been made of the effects of a magnetic field on low-temperature creep in some normal metals (Cu, Ag, Al, Cu + 1 at.% Al) in the temperature range 1.5-7.5°K. If a magnetic field H ≪ 12 kOe is switched off, the metals soften and a jump in the strain step δεH0 occurs. The metals harden on switching on the magnetic field. These features of the low-temperature creep are discussed within the framework of dynamic retardation of dislocation by conduction electrons and also of quasistatic mechanisms involving changes in the potential barriers that retard dislocations.
Spectrum and damping of magnons in an anisotropic ferromagnet
Authors: Mitsai Yu. N. , Shakhova N. V.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the spectrum and damping of magnons in ferromagnets with anisotropy of exchange origin, using a diagram technique for the spin operator. We have determined the damping and renormalization of the magnon spectrum due to scattering on magnetic moment density fluctuations. Near the Curie point a range of wave vectors is found in which there are excitations of the spin-wave type.
Specific heat of CsDy (MoO4)2 near the phase transition at 42 °K
Authors: Anders É. E. , Zvyagin A. I. , Shestachenko L. S.
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependence of the specific heat of CsDy(MoO4)2 is reported for the range 37-52°K. There is an anomaly in Cp(T) at T = 42.03 ± 0.01°K that corresponds to a first-order transition. Changes in the thermodynamic functions in the transition region have been determined.
Behavior of antiferromagnetic superconductors in a magnetic field
Authors: Buzdin A. I. , Bulaevskii L. N.
Published: December 2024

The transition of superconducting antiferromagnets to the normal state under the action of a magnetic field at temperatures below the Néel point TN ≪ TC is investigated. The influence of the orbital effect and exchange interaction of electrons with localized moments is taken into account. Specimens with randomly oriented crystallites, whose dimensions are large in comparison with the superconducting correlation length, are considered. Owing to the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of the antiferromagnet the upper critical field of the crystallite depends on its orientation. The range of fields in which the specimen consists of superconducting and normal crystallites, and the fraction of superconducting crystallites in relation to the magnetic field, are indicated.
Thermal expansion of N2-type crystals
Authors: Tolkachev A. M. , Manzheliĭ V. G. , Azarenkov V. P. , Ezhovski A. , Kosobutskaya E. A.
Published: December 2024

Linear expansion coefficients α are determined for cryocrystals with linear molecules in the Pa3 lattice: N2 (2−21 °K), CO 2−28 °K), CO2 (2−25 °K), N2O (2−90 °K). A modification is proposed for the law of corresponding states in order to describe the translational component of thermal expansion of the substances investigated and other cryocrystals with close-packed lattices. The possibility of using such a description of α, for separating out translational and librational contributions to the thermal expansion of molecular cryocrystals, is illustrated for CO2. The thermal behavior of the Grüneisen coefficient for the solid N2O and CO is interpreted as the manifestation of partial dipole ordering in these crystals. It is shown that crystals with molecules that do not have a center of inversion (N2O and CO) have excess heat capacity in comparison with crystals that have symmetrical molecules (CO2, N2). The entropies of N2O and CO corresponding to the excess heat capacities are close to the difference between R ln2 and the experimentally determined residual entropies of these substances.
Dislocation internal friction in ferromagnets
Authors: Mitsek A. I. , Karnaukhov I. N.
Published: December 2024

The equation of motion of an infinite dislocation line in a ferromagnet of hexagonal symmetry is derived from the minimum action principle. It is shown that, in the case of low magnon damping, quasi-magnon excitations appear in the vibration spectrum of the dislocations. The widening of the ferromagnetic resonance line and the internal friction of a vibrating dislocation with inherent friction are calculated. It is shown that, in strongly magnetostrictive materials, Frank–Read sources can be formed.
Threshold acoustic phenomena in magnetic dielectrics
Authors: Zaitsev R. O. , Pushkina N. I.
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear combination interaction of sound with spin waves in cubic antiferromagnets and ferrimagnets is considered. The threshold, W, for the decay of an acoustic wave into two magnons is computed. It is shown that the sound decay threshold in antiferromagnets is significantly lower than the decay threshold in ferromagnets and ferrimagnets. In antiferromagnets the threshold value strongly depends on the exchange interaction strength λ, the exciting-sound frequency ω0, and the magnetic-moment relaxation time τ (W ∼(ω0λτ)−2). The decay threshold may, depending on these quantities, vary within broad limits—from a μ W/cm2 to 0.1 W/cm2.
Theory of resonance excitation of collective oscillations in a superconductor by a high-frequency field
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V. , Bratus’ E. N.
Published: December 2024

The process of excitation by a high-frequency electric field of a standing collective-oscillation wave in a superconductor of finite dimensions is theoretically investigated. The possibility of observing the predicted resonance effects in an experiment is discussed.
Study of electron interaction with halogenated anaesthetic molecules in gas phase at 50 eV electron energy
Authors: Vukalović Jelena , Marinković Bratislav P. , Blanco Francisco , García Gustavo , Maljković Jelena B.
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the environmental concerns associated with halogenated anesthetic gases, specifically halothane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane, due to their contributions to global warming and ozone depletion. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, we analyzed elastic electron scattering properties of these compounds in the gaseous phase at an electron energy of 50 eV. The experimental data were gathered using a crossed-beam setup equipped with an electron gun and channeltron detection, with argon serving as the reference gas in a relative-flow method to calibrate the absolute cross-section measurements. Theoretical calculations were performed using the Independent Atom Model with Screening Corrected Additivity Rule (IAM-SCAR+I), which includes interference effects to compare with experimental results effectively. These findings enhance understanding of the scattering dynamics of these anesthetics, highlighting their atmospheric implications and potential environmental impacts.
Cost and fragmentation prediction of ammonium nitrate fuel oil versus bulk emulsion explosives
Authors: Heryadi R , Utama J D H , Prasmoro A V
Published: December 2024

Blasting in mining industry, including the blasting pattern (burden and spacing) and explosive selection, is substantial to retrieve the desired mining products. This study aims to identify the comparisons of economic calculations and fragmentation between ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) and Bulk Emulsion explosives (BEE). The economic calculation measured the cost of explosives per unit of blasted material and the fragmentation result. The bulk emulsion cost equals the ANFO cost by extending the burden and spacing from 7 m to 8.33 m. The predicted average fragmentation of blasting using ANFO and BEE was 47 cm and 51 cm, respectively, so the percentage of fragmentation under 100 cm was 81.52% and 78.48%, respectively. Conclusively, blasting with BEE with an extended blasting pattern has demonstrated similar fragmentation distribution to that of ANFO.
Influence of mining depth and panel length in longwall underground coal mining on the distribution of principal stresses along the barrier pillars
Authors: Zakri R S , Wattimena R K , Prassetyo S H , Karian T
Published: December 2024

The production increase in longwall underground coal mining is in line with the dimension changes of the mining panel that subsequently affect changes in stress distribution and disrupts roadway stability. This paper studies the effect of panel dimensions on stress distribution around the roadway using the finite element method to model the panel conditions numerically, drawing height and shape of the goaf from empirical data. In this study, the length of the panels made varied between 500 and 1500 meters and the depth of the panels varied between 200 and 1000 meters from the surface. Based on the modelling results, stress changes due to differences in panel size occurred at the depth of 800 and 1000 meters, the longer the panel, the greater the stress that occurs. The further from the surface, the greater the pressure on the barrier pillar, at a depth of 200 meters the main pressure is 3.4 times the vertical pressure at the end of the excavation, while at a depth of 1000 meters the pressure increases to 5 times the vertical pressure.
Transitioning to e-cigarettes restores the immune response to house dust mites in cigarette smoked mice
Authors: Myers Elizabeth J. , Huecksteadt Thomas P. , Carlson Noel G. , Sanders Karl A. , Warren Kristi J.
Published: December 2024

Since the introduction of electronic cigarettes to the US market, e-cigarettes have been posited as a safe alternative to combustible cigarettes. We developed a preclinical animal model to determine whether transitioning to e-cigarette use after up to 16 weeks of daily exposure to combustible cigarette smoke (CS) could restore normal lung immune responsiveness to house dust mites (HDM). In these studies, CS exposed animals were randomly assigned to 6 groups. (1) CS-CS mice continued combustible cigarette exposure for an additional 7 or 16 weeks, and (2) CS-recovery mice were removed from cigarette smoking where they recovered without intervention. (3) CS-carrier mice transitioned to vaporized propylene glycol (30%) with vegetable glycerol (70%) (i.e. carrier). (4) CS-salt mice transitioned to e-vapor exposure containing nicotine salt (liquid nicotine in benzoic acid + carrier), and (5) CS-base mice transitioned to daily exposures to liquid nicotine + carrier containing e-vapors. (6) Room air exposed mice, that were not smoked or exposed to e-cigarette vapors, were included as controls. We hypothesized that transitioning from CS to either of the three e-cigarette exposures (base, salt or carrier) would restore eosinophil influx into the airways following intranasal HDM administration. Here we report that shorter (7 week) e-vapor exposure containing salt, base or carrier led to significant eosinophil responses following HDM challenge. In the 16-week model, CS-base and CS-salt exposed animals did not regain their HDM responsiveness when compared to controls. CS-carrier mice did regain partial responses to HDM at 16 weeks as indicated by an increase in eosinophils compared to control mice. Lung resident lymphoid cells support the influx of eosinophils following allergen exposure. As such we measured total T cells, B cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in the lungs of each of the treatment groups. ILC2 and CD4+ T cells were reduced, and B cells were increased in the lungs of CS mice compared to controls. Numerically, the transition to nicotine-salt increased the CD3+ T cell response but transitioning to the nicotine-base significantly reduced CD19 B cells. Additional studies showed that GM-CSF protein was increased in cultured ILC and in whole lung tissues of control mice compared to CS-carrier mice indicating plasticity of the ILC2 population. RNA microarray analyses identified significant increases in GM-CSF, CCL17 and CCL24 transcripts in alveolar macrophages following the transition from CS to carrier compared to control mice. In summary, the immunosuppressive effects of CS may be restored following short-term use of e-cigarettes, but chronic use of e-cigarettes may blunt pulmonary immunity similarly to traditional cigarette smoke.
A Method for the Combined Functional Assessment of Photoreceptors and Ganglion Cells in Acute Retinal Explants
Authors: He Xinyi , da Costa Moura Júlio César , Fernández Pedro Gil , Gläser Paul , Wang Lan , Paquet-Durand François , Zhao Zhijian , Schwarz Christina
Published: December 2024

Significant progress has been made in studying the individual steps of retinal signaling, yet a comprehensive understanding of the functional interplay between photoreceptors, as input cells, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), as output cells, remains elusive. This connection is crucial to fully unravel the retina’s computational capabilities and its role in visual processing. To address this gap, this study introduces a novel technique that combines two-photon (2P) autofluorescence microscopy with multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings, enabling simultaneous testing of photoreceptor and RGC function. Unlike traditional methods that target isolated cell classes or structural analysis, this integrated technique provides the basis to investigate input-output relationships within the retinal neural network, offering a deeper understanding of its dynamic activity and adaptability to cellular dropout.
INCORPORATION OF NON-INVASIVE, CONTRAST-FREE, AND MINIMAL RADIATION PARAMETERS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Gul Ibrahim , Khan Naqeeb Ullah , Awan Muhammad Wasim , Usmani Naila Nasir , Kamal Mahjabeen Mahmood
Published: December 2024

Background

Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome is a challenge as most of the diagnostic investigation are either invasive or involve radiation or contrast material. The aim of our study was to find a scoring system comprising diagnostic parameters which are non-invasive and involve minimal radiation or contrast material and yet have high diagnostic yield.

Methods

In this non-randomized study conducted at KRL hospital Islamabad from Oct 2022 to Aug 2024, we took baseline characteristics and calculated Non Invasive, Minimal Radiation score (NIMR score) comprising risk factors, ETT, coronary calcium score and age of the patients, aged 18 and above. They then underwent CCTA to look for CAD. The association of the CAD with the score was checked using regression analysis on IBM SPSS version 26.

Results

Out of total 150 participants, 60% were male, mean age with SD was 50.54±7.82 and age ranged from 40-67 years. CAD was more prevalent in male and increased with increasing age. On Univariate analysis, NIMR score both as continuous variable and as categorical variable emerged as strong predictor of CAD (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.84-3.25, pValue: 0.000) and (OR: 64.09, 95% CI: 14.53-282.74, pValue: 0.000) respectively. On multivariate analysis also the NIMR score was strong predictor of CAD both as continuous variable (OR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.83-3.24, pValue: 0.000) and as categorical variable (OR: 67.11, 95%CI: 14.47-311.14, pValue: 0.000).

Conclusion

In conclusion, NIMR score, which is non-invasive, with minimal radiation and no contrast material involvement is a strong predictor of CAD in low and intermediate risk patients and very applicable in day to day clinical practice.
Harnessing the Biosynthetic Diversity of Actinomycetes: Discovery of Unique Natural Products through Comparative Genomic and Metabolic Analysis
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Tsutsumi Hayama , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Nakahara Hiroki , Ito Sho , Noguchi Yoshihiko , Awano Yuta , Kasuga Masanobu , Iwatsuki Masato , Hirose Tomoyasu , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Inahashi Yuki
Published: December 2024

Actinomycetes, rich in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), are important sources of natural products (NPs). However, the rate of discovering novel NPs from actinomycetes has declined, indicating the need for a new strategy to obtain NPs. Herein, we present a strategy for the efficient discovery of novel NPs. First, we performed a comprehensive analysis of BGCs in actinomycetes, evaluating the average number and types of BGCs per genus to identify prolific NP producers. Our analysis revealed that certain actinomycetes strains, such as those in the familyPseudonocardiaceae, possess a greater number of BGCs thanStreptomyces. In addition, these strains tend to possess strain-specific BGCs compared with others. To facilitate the identification of strain-specific compounds, we developed a comparative metabolic analysis method using molecular networking. Applying this method to eightPseudonocardiaceaestrains, we successfully discovered two novel peptides, lentindoles A (1) and B (2), featuring a 6/5/6 and 6/5/5 tricyclic ring system, respectively, along with their possible biosynthetic precursor, lentindole C (3). Our result demonstrates that the effectiveness of our developed strategy, which is expected to accelerate the discovery of novel NPs.
The brain selectively allocates energy to functional brain networks under cognitive control
Authors: Saberi Majid , Rieck Jenny R , Golafshan Shamim , Grady Cheryl L , Misic Bratislav , Dunkley Benjamin T , Khatibi Ali
Published: December 2024

Network energy has been conceptualized based on structural balance theory in the physics of complex networks. We utilized this framework to assess the energy of functional brain networks under cognitive control and to understand how energy is allocated across canonical functional networks during various cognitive control tasks. We extracted network energy from functional connectivity patterns of subjects who underwent fMRI scans during cognitive tasks involving working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, in addition to task-free scans. We found that the energy of the whole-brain network increases when exposed to cognitive control tasks compared to the task-free resting state, which serves as a reference point. The brain selectively allocates this elevated energy to canonical functional networks; sensory networks receive more energy to support flexibility for processing sensory stimuli, while cognitive networks relevant to the task, functioning efficiently, require less energy. Furthermore, employing network energy, as a global network measure, improves the performance of predictive modeling, particularly in classifying cognitive control tasks and predicting chronological age. Our results highlight the robustness of this framework and the utility of network energy in understanding brain and cognitive mechanisms, including its promising potential as a biomarker for mental conditions and neurological disorders.
Development of a conceptual model on I4.0 technologies’ influence on SCR
Authors: Sharma Yashpal , Modgil Sachin , Singh Rohit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In a dynamic and uncertain business environment, it is necessary for companies to adapt to be capable of addressing the changing circumstances and ensure business continuity. Hence, companies are employing advanced Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. This study aims to explore the role of advanced I4.0 technologies in facilitating companies’ development towards supply chain resilience (SCR).

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a structured approach of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify 234 articles. Under PRISMA, we adopted a three-phase methodology of planning, conducting and reporting the review results. The data of these articles were synthesized using a Scopus database to investigate the relationship between I4.0 technologies and SCR.

Findings

The study’s findings map the technologies appropriate in different supply chain nodes and bridge the literature gap in the intersection of I4.0 technologies and SCR. The study results indicate the role of I4.0 technologies role in achieving resilience in key functions of an organization through an I4.0 technologies-enabled sourcing, manufacturing, distribution and return resilience (I-SMDRR) framework. The I-SMDRR framework also depicts the relationship being moderated by internal and external risk factors.

Originality/value

The study offers a unique framework by mapping sourcing, manufacturing, distribution and return resilience through I4.0 technologies. Additionally, the review delineates the theory-mapped research gaps helpful for future researchers. In summary, this systematic review of the literature identifies the components that lead to developing SCR.
Organization processes and artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare processes reorganization: a case study
Authors: Rosa Angelo , Massaro Alessandro , Secundo Giustina , Schiuma Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a methodology and tools to design new organizational processes and artificial intelligence (AI)-based scoring to optimize the resources management in healthcare units.

Design/methodology/approach

Process design and process data-driven simulation: the processes are designed by the business process modeling and notation and the unified modeling language standards. Data processing is performed by Correlation matrix analysis and by Fuzzy c-Means data clustering. The matching between the two methods provides the most indicated final corrective actions of the “TO BE” organizational model.

Findings

This proposed method, experimentally applied in this work merging the lean management model (LMM), process mining (PM) and AI methods, named process mining organization (PMO) model (Rosa et al., 2023 (b)), is able to improve organizational processes of a hospitalization unit (HU) by developing three propaedeutic phases: (1) analysis of the current state of the processes (“AS IS”) by identifying the critical issues as bottlenecks of processes, (2) AI data processing able to provide additional classified and predicted information allowing the “TO BE” workflow process and (3) implementation of corrective actions suggested by the PMO in order to support strategic decision-making processes in the short, medium and long term by classifying an order of priority about the healthcare procedures/protocols to perform.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the proposed case study is in the limited number of available digital data to process. This aspect reduces the capability to interpret result. In any case, the proposed methodology is a “launch” work to define a new approach to integrate organizational processes including workflow design and AI scoring. Future work will be focused on managerial implications due to use of the discussed method: design and development of new human resource (HR) organizational protocols following data analysis to optimize costs and care services and to decrease injury compensation claims.

Practical implications

Main implications are in healthcare managerial scenarios: design and development of new HR organizational protocols following data analysis to optimize costs and care services and to decrease injury compensation claims.

Social implications

Care services optimization is addressed on HUs.

Originality/value

The design of HR organizational processes integrates AI-driven data decision-making processes. This case study examines AI-based innovation analytics addressed on resource efficiency.
An inquiry into factors influencing non-clinical healthcare professionals’ feedback-seeking behavior
Authors: Tkachenko Oleksandr , Ortiz Abigail R. , Chen Yan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to explore factors that influence non-clinical staff’s feedback seeking from peers and supervisors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a qualitative, interpretive approach to data collection and analysis. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 15 non-clinical staff regarding their experiences with feedback seeking at work. To identify themes and patterns of meaning, the authors followed the guidelines for reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings

The authors find that non-clinical staff’s feedback-seeking behavior was shaped by task-, motivation-, source- and context-related factors. The study’s findings also point to the critical role of peer feedback among non-clinical staff. The authors find that, regarding their daily tasks, non-clinical staff seek feedback from their peers more often than from supervisors.

Research limitations/implications

The authors encourage scholars to examine the role of trust and expertise in peer feedback-seeking behavior and to explore the use of artificial intelligence as a feedback source for staff performing administrative and clerical roles. The authors also underscore the value of the resource-seeking perspective in advancing research on feedback seeking and creating supportive feedback environments in the workplace.

Practical implications

The authors recommend non-clinical staff be intentional and proactive with feedback seeking. The authors also recommend healthcare leaders be clear about the expertise available within and outside their departments and create psychologically safe work environments for feedback seeking from peers and supervisors.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the limited scholarship on non-clinical healthcare professionals and sheds light on non-clinical staff’s feedback-seeking behavior from peers and supervisors.
Job teleworkability and labour outcomes in the time of COVID-19: evidence from Russia
Authors: Kotyrlo Elena
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the effect of teleworkability on labour outcomes across gender, local labour markets, education, marital and parental statuses during COVID-19 in Russia.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), three classifications of telework are tested. Telework is associated with (1) work from home, (2) workplace digitalisation and (3) the suitability of professional occupations for telework. The methodology includes a difference-in-differences approach combined with propensity score matching, inverse probability weighted regression adjustment and dose-response function with the generalised propensity score.

Findings

We find a positive effect of teleworkability on working hours for men and employment status for women, especially women with higher education. The effect of teleworkability was more salient in large labour markets, where it manifested in an increase in working hours for both genders. The results indicate that parental status did not remarkably affect the magnitude of the effect of teleworkability for women. However, for fathers, teleworkability was associated with an increase in working hours.

Research limitations/implications

Limited data did not enable an exploration of the effect of teleworkability across industries and professional occupations. We take the use of the Internet for work in 2019 and the suitability of occupation for telework as a measure of teleworkability.

Originality/value

This is the first thorough analysis of the effect of telework on labour outcomes for the Russian economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The relationship between natural resource rents and gender discrimination laws: evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Al Marhubi Fahim
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of hydrocarbon rents on gender discrimination laws and the extent to which democratic institutions and women’s political participation condition this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses static and dynamic panel estimation including pooled-ordinary least squares, fixed and random effects and system generalized method of moments.

Findings

The results show that countries with higher hydrocarbon rents have higher levels of gender discrimination laws. Furthermore, there is a significant link between hydrocarbon rents and gender discrimination laws regardless of the quality of democratic institutions or strength of women’s political empowerment.

Research limitations/implications

The index of gender discrimination laws is limited to laws that impact a woman’s access to employment and entrepreneurial activity once a woman enters the labor force and does not take into account implementation of the laws.

Practical implications

Policymakers should promote output and export diversification and adopt gender-inclusive policies to counter the adverse consequences of gender discrimination laws associated with hydrocarbon resource wealth.

Originality/value

Women’s empowerment is a major issue on the global development agenda, featuring most notably in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 on achieving women equality and empowerment of women and girls. There is scant evidence about how hydrocarbon rents impact gender discrimination laws, a pervasive obstacle to women’s economic and political empowerment. This paper fills this gap in the literature paper by examining the effect of hydrocarbon rents on gender discrimination laws.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0174
Member’s performance in human–AI hybrid teams: a perspective of adaptability theory
Authors: Chen Aihui , Lyu Anran , Lu Yaobin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

As human–AI hybrid teams become more common, it is essential for team members to interact effectively with artificial intelligence (AI) to complete tasks successfully. The integration of AI into the team environment alters the cooperative dynamics, prompting inquiry into how the design characteristics of AI impact the working mode and individual performance. Despite the significance of this issue, the effects of AI design on team dynamics and individual performance have yet to be fully explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon coping theory, this study presents a research model aimed at elucidating how the characteristics of AI in human–AI interaction influence human members’ adaptive behavior, subsequently impacting individual performance. Through the creation of experiments that require human–AI collaboration to solve problems, we observe and measure various aspects of AI performance and human adaptation.

Findings

We observe that the explainability of AI enhances the behavioral adaptation of human team members, whereas the usability and intellectuality of AI improve their cognitive adaptation. Additionally, we find that human team members’ affective adaptation is negatively affected by the likability of AI. Our findings demonstrate that both behavioral and cognitive adaptations positively impact individual performance, whereas affective adaptation negatively impacts it.

Practical implications

Our research findings provide recommendations for building efficient human–AI hybrid teams and insights for the design and optimization of AI.

Originality/value

Overall, these results offer insights into the adaptive behavior of humans in human–AI interaction and provide recommendations for the establishment of effective human–AI hybrid teams. These findings pioneer an understanding of how design characteristics of AI impact team dynamics and individual performance, establishing a connection between AI attributes and human adaptive behavior.
Born this way: Lady Gaga’s five practices of exemplary leadership
Authors: Cenkci Ada T.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This article explores the use of Lady Gaga’s life as a tool in leadership courses to teach the five practices of exemplary leadership. It exemplifies how popular culture artifacts can enhance student understanding of leadership concepts.

Design/methodology/approach

A discussion post assignment was conducted in an online organizational leadership program course at a Midwest university in the USA. The students analyzed Lady Gaga’s life and leadership through the lens of the five practices model.

Findings

Assessment results and student feedback indicate that using Lady Gaga’s life as an example helped students grasp the five practices model.

Originality/value

While Lady Gaga has been the subject of numerous scholarly works, her leadership style has received little academic attention. To the best of my knowledge, this article is the first to explicitly connect Lady Gaga’s life and leadership with the five practices model.
Answering the call to action: an empirical analysis of SDG performance in global banks
Authors: Barone Marco , Fraccalvieri Ilenia , Cuoccio Mariateresa , Bussoli Candida
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Following Agenda 2030, the integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into banking strategies has become essential for promoting global sustainability and responsible financial practices. This study aims to examine how the financial characteristics of banks influence their efforts towards achieving the SDGs.

Design/methodology/approach

A fixed-effect panel regression is used to analyse a sample of 646 publicly listed banks across 61 countries, observed from 2018 to 2023. The data are sourced from the Refinitiv Eikon database, with the dependent variable pertaining to the SDGs calculated as a composite score.

Findings

Empirical results show that larger and less profitable banks reach better performance in terms of contribution to the SDGs. Instead, the level of leverage does not appear to be a significant influential factor in fostering the support of the SDGs.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this work enriches the academic literature on SDG performance and confirms the relevance of stakeholder theory. Managerially, this study provides valuable insights for banks integrating the SDGs into their business models and for policymakers identifying strategies to encourage sustainable practices.
Environmental sustainability in stadiums: harnessing industry drivers and priorities for improved outcomes
Authors: Francis Annes Elsa , Desha Cheryl , Caldera Savindi , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify industry drivers and priorities that influence decision-making towards adopting environmentally sustainable (ES) features in stadiums. An “Environmentally Sustainable Stadium (ESS) Process Model” is proposed to track ES features throughout their life cycle, guiding planning, designing, construction, operation and management.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through 20 online semi-structured interviews with experts from sustainability, built environment, stadium management, mega-event planning and management and researchers. The experts’ project experiences spanned across Oceania, North America, South America, Asia and Europe. The data were recorded and transcribed through Teams and analysed using NVivo 11 application software.

Findings

Stadium’s ES features predominantly focus on energy, waste and materials management with some emphasis on carbon emission reductions and renewable energy sources. Emerging focus areas include flexible designs, audience (or fans) and community engagement, circular economy principles and integration with nature. Key drivers for adopting ES features include legislation and other sector-based requirements, competitive advantages and stakeholder pressures. ES feature success depends on owner support, budget, partnerships, expertise and opportunities. Major barriers include stakeholder diversity, infrastructure limitations and limited stadium-specific requirements.

Practical implications

This paper proposes a six-step “ESS Process Model” to support the stadium industry to holistically integrate ES features, from the initial decision-making to the implementation, ongoing improvement and stakeholder engagement. The model helps stakeholders to identify opportunities, navigate challenges and achieve continual improvement.

Originality/value

The ESS process model is a novel approach to integrate ES features in stadiums, through enhancing collaboration among stakeholders and overcoming challenges in choosing, implementing and maintaining ES features.
Is there a link between access to broadband and health outcomes?
Authors: Gawai Vikas , Deller Steven
Published: December 2024

There is significant evidence of the positive effects of broadband expansion on various economic outcomes, including property values and business development, with a growing literature aimed at understanding the effect on health outcomes. We contribute to this later literature exploring the effect of broadband access on underexplored health using U.S. county data. After accounting for spatial dependency within the data we find that broadband availability positively affects health outcomes: as broadband access increase, we see declines in the share of the population with fair or poor health and the number of both physically and mentally unhealthy days. The investment of broadband availability not only impacts the overall economy but also community quality of life as measured by health outcomes.