bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple synthesis of alkyl derivatives of tetrathienoacene and their application in organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Skorotetcky M. S. , Borshchev O. V. , Polinskaya M. S. , Zaborin E. A. , Chekusova V. P. , Poimanova E. Yu. , Anisimov D. S. , Trul A. A. , Bakirov A. V. , Agina E. V. , Ponomarenko S. A.
Published: July 2021

Friedel–Crafts acylation of tetrathienoacene (TTA) followed by a reduction reaction led to promising organic semiconductor C8-TTA-C8, which was preliminarily tested as an active layer in OFETs.
Designing organic room temperature phosphorescence with ultralong lifetime by substituent modification
Authors: Fang Bing , Lai Liming , Fan Mingyu , Yin Meizhen
Published: July 2021

Carbazole-based RTP materials with ultralong lifetime are due to the synergistic effects of small ΔEST and pure π–π* configuration of T1.
Ultralow thermal conductivity through the interplay of composition and disorder between thick and thin layers of makovickyite structure
Authors: Balijapelly Srikanth , Hauble Ashlee , Pollard Mathew , Poupon Morgane , Petříček Váčlav , Watts Jeremy Lee , Hor Yew San , Kauzlarich Susan M. , Choudhury Amitava
Published: July 2021

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of three quaternary complex chalcogenides, Ag0.72Bi5.48Cu0.88S9 (I), Ag0.70Bi5.30Cu1.3S9 (II), Ag0.34Bi4.54Cu1.98PbS9 (III) and investigation of their thermoelectric properties.
A beginner’s guide to PROTACs and targeted protein degradation
Authors: Ciulli Alessio , Trainor Nicole
Published: July 2021

Those with a keen interest in targeting proteins, from chemical biologists to drug hunters alike, cannot help but take notice that a new type of molecule is making waves across this research space. Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (or PROTACs) are protein degraders, which utilize the cell’s own waste disposal machinery to eliminate instead of inhibit a target protein. The key to PROTACs is their bifunctionality: they simultaneously bind a target protein and an E3 ligase protein, which then ubiquitylates the target, marking it for proteasomal degradation. This concept originated in the late 1990s and the first PROTAC was reported in 2001 by the laboratories of Craig Crews and Raymond Deshaies. However, interest in PROTACs did not pick up until 2015 when improved molecules were developed by the laboratories of Jay Bradner, Alessio Ciulli and Craig Crews. Ever since, PROTACs and the wider field of targeted protein degradation have expanded exponentially, with many groups around the world developing degraders as chemical tools to study proteins and as drug candidates for the treatment of diseases.
Artificial nucleic acid backbones and their applications in therapeutics, synthetic biology and biotechnology
Authors: Epple Sven , El-Sagheer Afaf H. , Brown Tom
Published: July 2021

The modification of DNA or RNA backbones is an emerging technology for therapeutic oligonucleotides, synthetic biology and biotechnology. Despite a plethora of reported artificial backbones, their vast potential is not fully utilised. Limited synthetic accessibility remains a major bottleneck for the wider application of backbone-modified oligonucleotides. Thus, a variety of readily accessible artificial backbones and robust methods for their introduction into oligonucleotides are urgently needed to utilise their full potential in therapeutics, synthetic biology and biotechnology.
Controllable tunneling of planar structures containing single-negative layers
Authors: Afanas'ev Sergey A. , Fedorova Irina V. , Sementsov Dmitriy I.
Published: July 2021

The possibility of perfect (i.e. non-reflective) tunneling of microwave radiation through planar structures containing layers with negative material parameters is investigated. A symmetric trilayer is considered, including two ferrite layers, which are magnetized by an external field. The conditions of perfect tunneling are obtained analytically using the transfer matrix method. By the numerical solution of the obtained equations, the positions of the highest transmission peaks in the spectrum of the structure are determined. The controllability of the transmission spectra due to the external magnetic field is shown.
A new principle for the development of workwear for constructing highways in the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Rodicheva Margarita , Abramov Anton , Gneusheva Elena , Pchelenok Olga
Published: July 2021

The paper considered the problem of protecting workers from the biological factor during the construction of highways in the Siberian Federal District. A promising approach to meeting these requirements is proposed - the use of ventilated clothing. The authors developed a prototype of a protective overall. It was shown that when calculating its design, it was necessary to take into account the heat transfer in the air gaps. The authors worked out a numerical model of these processes and carried out calculations for the conditions in the warm season on the territory of the Siberian Federal District. It was found that with an air gap thickness of 20 mm, the additional heat removal provided by the air gap allowed maintaining the thermal comfort of a person when performing work with a load equivalent to 4 - 6 MET.
Intensivtherapie bei Schwangerer mit irreversiblem Hirnfunktionsausfall
Authors: Kredel Markus , Reinhold Ann-Kristin , Wirbelauer Johannes , Muellges Wolfgang , Kunze Ekkehard , Rehn Monika , Wöckel Achim , Lassmann Michael , Markus Christian K. , Meybohm Patrick , Kranke Peter
Published: July 2021

Eine 29-jährige Frau erlitt durch einen Verkehrsunfall ein schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma mit im Verlauf infauster zerebraler Prognose. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Patientin in der 9. Woche schwanger war. Nach Diagnose eines irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls in der 10. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) wurde die Patientin für insgesamt 5 Monate intensivmedizinisch weiterbehandelt bis zur assistierten vaginalen Entbindung eines gesunden Kindes auf der Intensivstation in der 31. SSW. Im Anschluss erfolgte, gemäß dem mutmaßlichen Willen der Patientin, eine Multiorganentnahme bei der Mutter. Der Artikel stellt die Details der intensivmedizinischen Therapie dar und diskutiert die notwendigen medizinischen Maßnahmen. Diese Maßnahmen dienten in erster Linie der Erhaltung der Schwangerschaft und Förderung einer gesunden Entwicklung mit dem Ziel der Entbindung des Fetus, erst in zweiter Linie der organerhaltenden Therapie mit dem Ziel der Organspende. Notwendig waren Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Vitalfunktionen, Elektrolythomöostase, Ernährung, Behandlung von Infektionen, Vermeidung fruchtschädigender Einflüsse, Substitution von Hormonen und Vitaminen und die Vorbereitung einer geplanten oder ungeplanten Entbindung.
Infektionsprävention in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Schulz-Stübner Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Intensivpatienten haben aufgrund ihrer Grunderkrankung, häufig invasiver Behandlungstechniken und nicht selten immunsupprimierender oder Mikrobiota-verändernder Medikation ein besonders hohes Risiko, eine nosokomiale Infektion zu erleiden. 2016 waren dies laut European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 8,4% aller Patienten, die länger als 2 Tage intensivmedizinisch betreut wurden 1. Der Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über wichtige Konzepte und Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention auf der Intensivstation.
e-Learning: An Uphill to Reshaping Learning in Dentistry in India in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Dsouza Teena Sheethal , Hegde Mithra N. , Pais Kelvin Peter
Published: July 2021

The sudden outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has compelled universities worldwide to implement strategies for resuming academic courses by transferring some courses to a virtual modality. e-Learning has provided an excellent platform for education during this crisis. This review article discusses the various aspects of e-learning process that have to be considered before implementation, and the strengths and flaws of online education during this pandemic. It also sheds light on the necessary actions required to enhance the efficiency of e-learning in the future.
A Relapsing Immune Thrombocytopenia Case in a Patient Following COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Tel Burcin Meryem Atak , Kahveci Gizem , Duman Tuba Taslamacioglu , Kurtkulagi Özge , Bilgin Satilmis , Senturk Hilal , Akin Havva , Aktas Gulali
Published: July 2021

There are several vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection. Inactivated viral vaccines are usually well tolerated. We aimed to present a relapsing immune thrombocytopenia case following inactive COVID-19 vaccine. Here we report a case of relapsing immune thrombocytopenia following inactivated viral vaccine against COVID-19 in a 60-year-old woman with a history of immune thrombocytopenia. The patient responded well to dexamethasone treatment and was discharged from the hospital with full recovery. We suggest that physicians seek the history of a recent inactivate COVID-19 vaccine shot in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
Identification of a Homozygous Deletion within FGD4 in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4H Family by Exome Sequencing
Authors: Yarar Coskun , Bas Hasan , Celik Gokalp , Cilingir Oguz , Carman Kursat Bora , Artan Sevilhan
Published: July 2021

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies by causing distal muscle weakness, sensory impairment, hyporeflexia, and skeletal deformities. Both of sequence and copy number variations (CNVs) of over 80 genes have been described in CMT patients so far, and FGD4 variants are among the uncommon causes of the disease. In this article, we present four siblings with early-onset CMT, who were found to carry a novel homozygous deletion within FGD4 gene by exome sequencing. Since CNVs of CMT-related genes other than PMP22 have been rarely described in literature and they are prone to be overlooked by next generation sequencing, this report confirms the importance of paying additional attention to these variants to increase diagnostic yield in CMT.
Noninvasive time-sorting in radio frequency-compressed ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Zhao Lingrong , Wu Jun , Wang Zhe , Tang Heng , Zou Xiao , Jiang Tao , Zhu Pengfei , Xiang Dao , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate a noninvasive time-sorting method for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) experiments with radio frequency (rf)-compressed electron beams. We show that electron beam energy and arrival time at the sample after the rf compression are strongly correlated, such that the arrival time jitter may be corrected through the measurement of the beam energy. The method requires minimal change to the infrastructure of most of the UED machines and is applicable to both keV and MeV UED. In our experiment with ∼3 MeV beam, the timing jitter after the rf compression is corrected with a 35-fs root mean square (rms) accuracy, limited by the 3×10−4 energy stability. For keV UED with a high energy stability, sub-10 fs accuracy in time-sorting should be readily achievable. This time-sorting technique allows us to retrieve the 2.5 THz oscillation related to coherent A1g phonon in the laser-excited Bismuth film and extends the temporal resolution of UED to a regime far beyond the 100–200 fs rms jitter limitation.
Polarization and spatial mode dependent four-wave mixing in a 4H-silicon carbide microring resonator
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Fan Weichen , Lu Yaoqin , Hansen Anders Kragh , Chi Mingjun , Yi Ailun , Ou Xin , Rottwitt Karsten , Ou Haiyan
Published: July 2021

We report four-wave mixing with different polarization and spatial modes in a single 4H-silicon carbide photonic device. Our device shows great potential to perform high-dimensional multiplexing for optical communication and high-dimensional entanglement in quantum networks. We use a polarization-insensitive grating coupler and a multimode microring resonator that supports three polarization and spatial mode resonances. Finally, we show the polarization dependence of the third-order nonlinearity of 4H-silicon carbide. The measured nonlinear refractive index of the light polarized along the extraordinary axis, which is n2,TM = (13.1 ± 0.7) × 10−19 m2/W, is twice as large as that of the light polarized along the ordinary plane, n2,TE = (7.0 ± 0.3) × 10−19 m2/W, indicating that the extraordinary polarization is more efficient for nonlinear experiments in the 4H-silicon carbide integrated platforms as compared to the ordinary polarization.
Convection in conditionally unstable seawater
Authors: Weber Jan Erik H. , Broström Göran
Published: July 2021

Buoyancy-driven convection in a conditionally unstable ocean is studied theoretically. Conditionally unstable conditions are related to supercooled seawater. The freezing point is depressed due to increasing pressure, and upward motion (reduced pressure) leads to the formation of ice crystals in the form of frazil ice and hence a reduced bulk density of the rising mass parcel. For downward motion (increasing pressure), freezing does not occur. To model this one-way process, we take that rising parcels become lighter as they follow the adiabatic density lapse rate due to freezing. Through the action of a unit step function, we can model the fact that frazil ice is added only in the upward motion. Supercooled seawater is observed in the proximity of ice shelf fronts. We consider an idealized ice shelf and take the front to be vertical. For this geometry, we present linear analytical solutions as well as numerical results for nonlinear two-dimensional steady conditional convection in the presence of a stable environmental density gradient. With a parallel to moist convection in the atmosphere, we find convection cells near the ice front with rising fluid in a narrow region and sinking fluid over a much broader region.
Improved carrier confinement and distribution in InGaN light-emitting diodes with three-layer staggered QWs
Authors: Cai Li-E. , Xu Chao-Zhi , Xiong Fei-Bing , Zhao Ming-Jie , Lin Hai-Feng , Lin Hong-Yi , Sun Dong
Published: July 2021

Compared with conventional InGaN Quantum Wells (QWs), staggered InGaN QWs offer improved optical and electronic properties. This work studied the carrier concentration, band structure, overlap of hole and electron wave functions, and polarization field of three-layer staggered QWs in the blue spectral region and analyzed them in detail theoretically to explore the source and the dominant mechanism for improvement. Although theoretical studies indicate that the polarization field in QWs of staggered InGaN QWs is larger, the carrier confinement effect is stronger, and the carrier distribution is more uniform. Therefore, three-layer staggered QWs can improve overlapping of the hole and electron wave functions and then enhance the recombination rate so as to increase the optical output power and electroluminescence intensity. Moreover, the performance of the staggered structure C with the lowest indium content at the center of the well is better than that of the step-staggered structure B.
Long-term diagnostic technology for the monitoring of continuous welded rail on curves in a cold area
Authors: Cui Rixin , Gao Liang , Ye Jun , Zhang Xiangmin
Published: July 2021

In cold areas where the annual rail temperature difference can exceed 90 °C, continuous welded rails (CWRs) on small-radius curves are more likely to buckle or distort owing to the large radial temperature force and large lateral deformation of the rails. To facilitate safe operation of trains in cold areas, a magnetostrictive displacement measurement technique was used to measure the lateral displacement of CWRs in this study. Then, a long-term monitoring system, including a sensor subsystem, a data acquisition and transmission subsystem, and a data analysis and management subsystem, was established for the monitoring of CWRs on small-radius curves and applied in a field test. One year of continuous observation results showed that this monitoring system could effectively realize the functions of real-time acquisition, wireless transmission, and data storage in a cold climate. The collection and analysis of these observation data, including the air temperature, rail temperature, and lateral displacement of the rail, can be further applied for the stability prediction of CWRs on small-radius curves.
Estimating the demagnetization factors for regular permanent magnet pieces
Authors: Bahl C. R. H.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, methods for finding the demagnetization factor, specifically for permanent magnets, are considered and compared. Widely applied and cited literature expressions are compared to high resolution numerical modeling in order to establish the applicability of the expressions. Overall, the expressions are found to be very closely correlated with the modeling results. In the second part, a simple geometrically based method to find the demagnetization factor is proposed and compared to the numerical modeling results. Fairly good correspondence is found, indicating the applicability of this simple method.
Fluid simulation of the plasma uniformity in new multi-directional source capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Ouyang Wenchong , Ding Chengbiao , Liu Qi , Gao Shuzhan , Deng Weifeng , Wu Zhengwei
Published: July 2021

A 2D drift diffusion fluid model was employed to study the plasma uniformity of different capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) in argon discharges based on the COMSOL platform. The numerical results show that compared with the traditional CCP device that discharges between plates, the plasma uniformity of CCP device discharge by inner capacitors (CCP-ICD) has been significantly improved overall. Then, the influence of the number of capacitors and the capacitor spacing on the plasma uniformity of CCP-ICD was analyzed. The plasma uniformity can reach 89.5% in the radial direction under the best parameters, but the electron number density is reduced by an order of magnitude. In order to obtain a CCP source with high density and better uniformity, a new multi-directional source CCP-ICD was designed and numerically analyzed. The simulation results show that the new multi-directional source CCP-ICD can improve the uniformity in both radial and axial directions by about 40% without reducing the plasma density. The above conclusions show that the multi-directional source CPP-ICD device designed in this paper has great application prospects in the microelectronic and semiconductor industries.
Feral horse cause-specific mortality relative to mustering (gathering) and individual demographic attributes in the USA
Authors: Scasta J. Derek , Hennig Jacob D. , Calkins Craig M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract Context Mustering (gathering) feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) often cause mortalities, yet cause-specific details are lacking. Aims Given the need to optimise horse welfare, we analysed public horse muster data from the USA to understand specific causes of mortalities. Methods We coded 393 individual horse mortality reports for 92 cause-specific mortality terms (keywords informing the deciphering of specific causes of mortality classified as anatomical, causal or conditional) and demographic details (age, sex, and body condition). Data were derived from 50 musters across seven states with at least one horse mortality. Musters were coded for type (helicopter or bait), emergency or regular planned efforts, and number of horses mustered and shipped daily. Key Results More horses were euthanased than died naturally (330 (84.0%) and 39 (9.9%) respectively), and more horses had chronic than acute conditions (317 (80.7%) and 76 (19.3%) respectively), with both trends holding for both sexes and across ages. Body condition scores (BCS) for female horses were skewed low, whereas male horse BCS data were more normally distributed. Female horses had lower BCS than did male horses (P < 0.001). On average, each horse mortality had two cause-specific mortality terms, ranging from 1 to 7. Only 57 horses (14.5%) had terms describing anatomy, cause and condition, concurrently. Phi coefficients (φ; indicators of fidelity and constancy) for cause-specific terms were related to demographic or muster attributes and were analysed with post hoc ANOVA tests of estimated marginal means to allow for ranking. Female horses were most often described as emaciated, weak, and starving, whereas male horses were described as lame, arthritic, blind or dangerous. Bait trapping and emergency musters included horses that were starving, dehydrated and weak. Conclusions Generally, disorders associated with legs and feet, eyes, necks and nutrition were the most prevalent cause-specific mortality issues. Using a machine learning approach, validation and test accuracy were high for predicting euthanasia versus natural mortalities, but low for predicting acute versus chronic mortalities. Individual horse demographics or daily muster features had a greater relative influence than did capture type or emergency status in both comparisons. Implications These results provide practical insight for potential cause-specific mortalities relative to demographics and muster techniques.
Source constructions as a key to alignment change
Authors: Noorlander Paul M.
Published: July 2021

Alignment patterns in the Eastern varieties of modern Aramaic varieties are generally said to originate in an ergative source construction based on the so-called ‘passive’ participleqṭīl- ‘killed’ and the prepositionl- where ergative person markers gradually extended to all intransitive predicates. While various source constructions have been suggested, this article demonstrates that most explanatory power and scope for the complex historical background of the alignment microvariation in Neo-Aramaic is offered by the typology of resultatives. There was instability from the beginning due to the versatile nature of resultatives and the increasing polyfunctionality of the prepositionl-. This, in turn, indicates that the suggested source constructions for ergative alignment need not be mutually exclusive. Moreover, this also points to ergativity as merely one among several outcomes rather than the original source.
Syntactic conditions on accusative to ergative alignment change in Austronesian languages
Authors: Aldridge Edith
Published: July 2021

This paper develops the proposal put forth by Aldridge (2015, 2016) for the emergence of ergative alignment in a first-order subgroup of the Austronesian family. I first provide new evidence for reconstructing Proto-Austronesian (PAn) as accusative rather than ergative. I then propose a significantly revised approach to Aldridge’s proposed reanalysis. On the basis of evidence from Tsou, I propose that the reanalysis took place in biclausal constructions embedded under motion or locative verbs. Since such biclausal constructions are contexts for restructuring, no accusative case is available for an object. This forced objects which needed structural licensing to value nominative case with T. I additionally show that subjects were assigned inherent non-nominative case in PAn when objects needed to enter into Agree with T, as when valuing nominative case. These conditions yielded a new ergative clause type in a daughter of PAn, which Aldridge (2015,2016) calls “Proto-Ergative Austronesian”. No change took place in clauses lacking an object needing structural licensing. Consequently, subjects in intransitive clauses and transitive clauses with indefinite objects continued to surface with nominative case, yielding the type of ergative alignment prevalent in Formosan and Philippine languages today.
Alignment shift as functional markedness reversal
Authors: Janic Katarzyna , Hemmings Charlotte
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we propose treating alignment shift as a process of functional markedness reversal in the domain of semantically transitive constructions. We illustrate how this approach allows us to capture similarities between the alignment shifts in Eskimo-Aleut and Western Austronesian languages, despite morphosyntactic differences in their voice systems. Using three diagnostics of functional markedness (semantic transitivity, topic continuity of P, and discourse frequency), we compare antipassive and ergative constructions in Eskimo-Aleut varieties and actor voice (av) and undergoer voice (uv) constructions in Western Austronesian varieties. We argue that ergative alignment is equivalent to a functionally unmarked P-prominent construction (e.g., ergative,uv), whilst accusative alignment is equivalent to a functionally unmarked A-prominent construction (e.g., antipassive,av). On this basis, we claim that both language groups are undergoing a parallel shift from ergative to accusative, since A-prominent constructions are functionally marked in more conservative varieties, but lose their functionally marked character and begin to function as unmarked transitive constructions in more innovative varieties.
Regulatory Variation within 3’UTR of STAT5A Correlates with Sudden Cardiac Death in Chinese Populations
Authors: Yu Huan , Guo Yadong , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhang Qing , Xu Jiabin , Yang Qi , Qu Yiling , Tan Rui , Li Lijuan , He Yan , Li Chengtao , Zhang Suhua , Luo Bin , Gao Yuzhen
Published: July 2021

Definitive diagnosis to sudden cardiac death (SCD) is often challenging since the postmortem examination on SCD victims could hardly demonstrate an adequate cause of death. It is therefore important to uncover the inherited risk component to SCD. Signal transducer and activators of transcription 5 A (STAT5A) is a member of the STAT family and a transcription factor that is activated by many cell ligands and associated with various cardiovascular processes. In this study, we performed a systematic variant screening on the STAT5A to filter potential functional genetic variations. Based on the screening results, an insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs3833144) in 3’UTR of STAT5A was selected as the candidate variant. A total of 159 SCD cases and 668 SCD matched healthy controls was enrolled to perform a case-control study and evaluate the association between rs3833144 and SCD susceptibility in Chinese populations. Logistic regression analysis showed that the deletion allele of rs3833144 had significantly increased the SCD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–2.01; P = 0.000955). Further genotype-expression eQTL analysis showed that samples with deletion allele appeared to lower expression of STAT5A, and in silico prediction suggested the local 3 D structure changes of STAT5A mRNA caused by the variant. On the other hand, the bioinformatic analysis presented that promoters of RARA and PTGES3L-AARSD1 could interact with rs3833144, and eQTL analysis showed the higher expression of both genes in samples with deletion allele. Dual-luciferase activity assays also suggested the significant regulatory role of rs3833144 in gene transcription. Our current data thus suggested a possible involvement of rs3833144 to SCD predisposition in Chinese populations and rs3833144 with potential function roles may become a candidate marker for SCD diagnosis and prevention.
Simple and cost-effective synthesis of activated carbon@few layers of graphene composite electrode for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Mandal Manoranjan , Subudhi Subhasri , Alam Injamul , Subramanyam BVRS , Patra Santosini , Mahanandia Pitamber
Published: July 2021

We report a simple and low-cost technique to prepare a composite comprising of activated carbon and few layers of graphene sheets and fabricated as electrode material for supercapacitor (SC) applications. The composite is characterised by using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The synthesized composite is investigated by using galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in 3M KOH aqueous electrolyte to evaluate its electrochemical performance. The composite results high specific capacitance from 173 to 564 F/g at different scan rates (100-5 mV/s), analysed by CV and the capacitances resulted in GCD measurement were 196 to 587 F/g at various current densities (5-1 A/g). The cycle stability of the as-prepared AC/graphene composite is also tested and observed that 89% of capacitance is retained even after 5000 cycles which reveals the excellent long term chargedischarge stability of the prepared composite. Therefore, the composite performs very well in storage as well as life cycling. The obtained results suggest that AC/graphene composite can be a suitable electrode material for high-performance SC.
An integrated approach forinteroperability of standards, condition monitoring methods, and research models used in the power generation sector
Authors: Jagtap Hanumant P. , Bewoor Anand K. , Patil Rajkumar B. , Dawale Ajinkya C. , Kamble Dnyaneshwar P. , Sawant Suhas B.
Published: July 2021

With the rapid growth of modern technology, maintenance contributes significantly vitalfunction in many industries. The objectives of maintenance-related decision-making process will lead to select and use various condition monitoring techniques for different industrial applications. It is evident from the published literature that, effective use of ISO standards in isolation is very well documented, but after knowing the importance of the use of integrated condition-based maintenance (ICBM) strategy, it will be more important to know how interoperability of international standards, company standards, standard guidelines, and recent research models/recommendations will help to implement ICBM strategy more effectively.These paper overview relevant international standards related to condition monitoring &diagnosis of selected machines used in power generation and highlights case of how concept of interoperability of standards defined at different levels helpedtoselect suitable maintenance strategytoimprove the availability of the system.
Immobilization of diastase on PVA- CoFe2O4 nanocomposite film for improving stability and recycling
Authors: Kulkarni A M , Sankpal U B , Ghadyale V A , Bhatkar N N , Waghdhare S S , Pathare S V
Published: July 2021

Enzyme immobilization on a suitable support is one of the strategies used to improve enzyme stability and recovery. In present communication, PVA-CoF2O4 nanocomposite film has been used as a support to develop highly active, stable and magnetically separable immobilized diastase. For preparing magnetically separable support, first Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared by using co-precipitation method. Prepared nanoparticles have been dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to get a PVA-CoFe2O4 film. The detail characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and PVA-CoFe2O4 film has been carried out. Enzyme diastase has been immobilized on the PVA-CoFe2O4 film and the catalyst activity of immobilized enzyme has been tested in hydrolysis of starch to maltose. The stability of immobilized diastase has found to be higher than free enzyme. Reusability study of the immobilized diastase has been carried out. Improved stability and reusability of immobilised diastase offer the promising applicability as magnetically separable biocatalyst for industry.
Some new applications of β-Laplace integral transform
Authors: Gaur Amit , Agarwal Garima
Published: July 2021

The β-Laplace integral transform(β-LIT) has been introduced recently by Gaur et. al. which is a generalization of Laplace transform. This new β-LIT shows some special properties over Laplace integral transform. In the current paper, we investigate the applicability of the β-LIT technique to solve partial differential equation such as initial value problem of first order and second order PDE, wave equation, Diffusion equation, Potential and current equation, Heat conduction equation, Axisymmetric Heat conduction equation, Inhomogeneous partial differential equation, inhomogeneous wave equation, Stroke and Rayleigh problem in fluid dynamics and illustrate by some examples.
Design and fabrication of multi utility unmanned robot
Authors: Faizal Ashik , Nair Aswin S , Gokuldas V R , Raju Jerin P , Sankar Vishnu , George Joel
Published: July 2021

Humans have dreamed of mechanical devices to ease their chores and assist them in performing repetitive tasks for thousands of years. This project can be identified as a key tool for reducing the vulnerability of human lives when we deal with emergencies. The human presence is very much important in dealing with all emergencies. Even if it is a fire accident, disinfection activities or surveillance in places where the accessibility is very much limited. Each case the first responders’ lives are at risk. Their direct contact in the impact zones can put them in danger. This is where unmanned robots can be utilized. In this paper a multi utility unmanned robot equipped with a long range control system, nozzle system, camera for surveillance, and an all-terrain track to conquer different working environments was designed and fabricated. Thus the threat for first responder’s and health workers can be reduced.
Identification and classification of faults in underground cables – A review
Authors: Rengaraj R , Venkatakrishnan G R , Shalini S , Subitsha R , Suganthi S , Sushmita Carolyn S
Published: July 2021

The need for power is constantly rising, with the current economic growth. In the power distribution system, transmission lines are the most important part as they play an indispensable role in transferring power from the power plant to the load centres. Transmission lines are done to faults which are largely caused by dampness in the paper insulation, weakness of the cable, or defects in splices or other accessories. The presence of these faults cases the power transmission efficiency to become low, giving rise to a huge annual power loss, Finding and designing new methods to identify the type of defect and its location, is the key to increasing the reliability and optimal performance of the system. This paper reviews about various approaches used for determining the location of underground cable faults and determining the faults using thermal imaging.
A Review on the effects of PVD RF sputtering parameters on rare earth oxide thin films and their applications
Authors: Mandal Pramod , Singh Udai P. , Roy Sudesna
Published: July 2021

This article provides a review on effect of processing parameters on the quality and performance of thin films of rare earth materials deposited through PVD RF sputtering technique. The applications of these thin films include optical, electronics, medical films, defence and renewable energy technologies. A systematic review of the literature revealed that the sputtering parameters such as plasma power and substrate temperature have the most impact on the grain size of the deposited thin films. Larger grain size was observed to be at higher sputtering power and higher substrate temperatures, while lower grain size was obtained when the sputtering power is decreased. The optical property, in particular the band energy gap (Eg) was found to improve with the film thickness. Thin films produced at higher doping concentration and subsequently annealed at higher temperature was found to increase the crystallinity of thin films.
Modeling anisotropic fracture in a metal-fiber reinforced composite system
Authors: Pranavi Dhaladhuli , Rajagopal Amirtham
Published: July 2021

Hybrid structures consisting of metal and composites can be applied to specific requirements of different applications. The computational modeling of composites is quite complex compared to homogeneous and isotropic materials like metals because of the heterogeneity introduced due to the presence of different phases such as matrix, fiber and matrix-fiber interface, and anisotropy due to the fiber alignment. The crack propagation in a composite material depends on a combination of various damage modes, namely, fiber pull-out, matrix cracking, delamination. The strength and stiffness of the composite depend on the mechanical and fracture properties of the individual phases, and the fiber inclination. The metal-composite interface is modeled using the cohesive zone approach. A nonlocal diffused approach is proposed to model the anisotropic failure in composites reinforced with unidirectional and woven fibers and the interaction of the crack with the interface. Parametric studies are conducted to understand the role of fiber orientation and interface fracture properties of the system. The proposed model is illustrated through numerical examples to understand various failure mechanisms in a metal-composite system.
Kernel-based Attribute-aware Self adaptation and Multi thresholding for Rating Prediction
Authors: Lavanya G , Sangeetha T , Alaguvathana P , Prasanna G , Praveenkumar S , Prabhu raam S Y
Published: July 2021

In recommender systems, our main task is to predict the rating of a new product from the authorized user and then return the best rating for the particular item and this technique reduced the existing prediction error rate. Our proposed system is user-item rating matrix prediction based on Synergetic filtering techniques and this technique is more efficiency compared to other technique. Proposed System are providing personalized recommendation for help the users accord with information overburden problem. However, the techniques are the data insufficiency of the user-item rating matrix underlying for brand-new items and users are severely affected by Synergetic filtering technique. Since the character of common links and items between more accessible by the users in the Internet and this paper exploits the common links of users and the character of items to overcome the existing problems and to ease the rating insufficient effect. However they may need excessive computational moment, and they often accost the insufficient problem which negatively modify the ability of the system. Specifically, we initially propose a Kernel-based Attribute-aware Self adaptation and multi thresholding model to blend the character information of items into matrix factorization and then introduce self-adaptation and multi thresholding. KASM can find the indefinite interactions among characters, users, and items, which reduce the rating insufficient effect for brand-new items by nature. In this paper we suggest a quick recommendation algorithm based on self-adaptation and multi thresholding. Self-adaptation in its genuine meaning is a state-of-the-art method to alter the setting of control specification. It is called self-adaptive because the algorithm controls the setting of these specification itself sink them into a distinctive genome and emerging them. It is construct to deal with the specified drawbacks and enhance the prediction quality. Extended analysis on two real world data sets establish that our proposed method can attain necessarily improve performance than other state-of the-art-methods. In this method we get the accuracy rate of predicting user rating will be 95%
Preparation and structural, dielectric characterization of CaBSi2O6 (B = Mg, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn) ceramics
Authors: Joseph Tony , Anlin Lazar K , Divya D
Published: July 2021

Silicates have received much attention because of their low relative permittivity and low dielectric loss properties for their applications in microwave and millimetre frequency region. This paper reports the preparation and structural, dielectric characterization of CaB Si2O6 ceramics. The ceramics are prepared by the conventional solid state ceramic route. X-ray diffraction studies were conducted to identify the phase formation of CaBSi2O6 ceramics. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the microstructure of the polished surfaces of the ceramics. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were measured at 1 MHz as well as at 8-12 GHz. The thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramics is also studied.
Impregnation of Microwave treated exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets into PMMA matrix by solution casting for reinforcing applications
Authors: Baby Melbin , Rajeev Kumar K.
Published: July 2021

In the present work, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-MoS2 nanocomposite films were prepared by impregnation of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets into PMMA matrix by solution casting method. Synthesis of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets through microwave irradiation techniques was found to be simple, less time consuming, eco-friendly and cost effective. We have identified the optimization conditions by varying the parameters like microwave heating time, power and concentration of bulk MoS2. The structural and optical properties of the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets were investigated. These optimized exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets were introduced into the polymer matrix which was then subjected to different characterization techniques. The effect of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets on the mechanical properties of the polymer-MoS2 composite was evaluated in detail.
Effect of sustainable materials on embodied energy, carbon footprint and cost for a proposed conventional apartment
Authors: Manjunath Abhishek , Patil Nayana N
Published: July 2021

The construction industry accounts for an incredible 36% of worldwide energy usage, and 40% of CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is required to reduce the impact of construction on the environment. In this study, a few green materials have been selected along with few green techniques and are applied to the apartment and a comparison is provided. An ongoing project consisting of 18 typical floors and basement is selected for the study. Estimation of quantities are done according to the drawings and major materials such as blocks, internal paints, flooring and concrete are replaced with proposed sustainable materials. Embodied energy and carbon footprint analysis is performed for the building components such as blocks, tiles, paints, concrete and plastering. Alternate materials like compressed stabilized earth blocks, clay plaster, wallpaper, terrazzo tiles and blended cement concrete are chosen as replacements for the conventional materials. A comparison is provided with conventional materials with respect to the chosen sustainable materials. The results show 73% reduction in embodied energy and 52% reduction in carbon footprint of the structure. Also, reduction in cost by 30%. Hence, reducing the impact on the environment and making the structure sustainable.
The green synthesis of iron oxide micro/nano structures for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Ramanarayanan Rajita , Swaminathan Sindhu
Published: July 2021

Iron oxide nanoparticles are continuously drawing researcher’s attention because of their unique electronic and physicochemical properties in the field of catalysis, drug delivery and energy harvesting applications. The green synthesis of iron oxide magnetic micro/nano one dimensional structures (Fe2O3) using Black tea as a reducing agent was conducted in this report. The cotton was used as a template to obtain needle like structures as characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally the synthesized iron oxide structures showed good photocatalytic activity under solar illumination in the degradation of Methylene Blue dye.
Design, analysis, and optimization of an FSAE upright
Authors: Babannavar Ojas , Deshpande Aditya M
Published: July 2021

Components of a formula car experience many forces and have to sustain in various conditions. The design of the components must be keeping in mind the safety and efficiency of the component. In Formula racing, the car has to be as light as possible. Cars with powerful engines are faster in the straights, but cars with lighter weight are faster in the corners. Optimizing the components to be light in weight is a critical task and has to be done meticulously. Several conditions and forces have been considered, and the simulation has to be as close to the real-life conditions as possible for accurate results. This paper records the detailed study, design, and analysis done for the weight reduction of the component. Data from previous years’ performance of the car was also considered during the analysis. Based on the data, the material selection and designing of the component was made in Solidworks. The Structural and Fatigue analysis were done in ANSYS Workbench; based on these results, the component’s optimization was done.
Influence of Zinc Doping on the Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Jet-Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Jagadeesan V , Rani Sangeetha A , Anitha P
Published: July 2021

This research details the deposition and characterization of adding zinc (Zn) impurities with different doping concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) into copper oxide (CuO:Zn) by using a jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis system. The impact of zinc doping on the different copper oxide properties was investigated. The structural studies confirm that pure copper oxide and zinc doped copper oxide thin films are matched with monoclinic structure. High resolution schottky field emission scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive spectrum analysis identifies the surface structure and chemical composition of pure CuO and CuO: Zn thin films. EDS spectra reveal the occupancy of Cu, O, and Zn elements in the pure CuO and CuO:Zn thin films. The highest transmittance was observed as 66.91% for 5% Zn concentration. The absorption studies clearly indicated that the absorbance of the films was decreased when Zn doping concentration increase. The energy band gap value (Eg) is calculated as 2.01eV for pure CuO and the value of Eg for CuO:Zn thin films are varied from 2.07 to 2.26 eV. Keithley high resistance and low current electrometer was used to measure direct current conductivity of both pure CuO and CuO: Zn thin films and maximum conductivity value was observed for CuO: Zn (5%) thin film.
Lossless Compression of Satellite Images using a Versatile Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Swetha V , Premjyoti Patil G , Shantakumar Patil B
Published: July 2021

The remote sensing images taken from various satellites have high resolution and occupy a lot of storage space. It, therefore, becomes difficult to send a greater number of images to the base station. Image compression becomes inevitable in such cases. Satellite image compression decreases repetition in representation of data so that the storage cost and transmission reduces and compensates for the limited on-board resources, in terms of large-scale memory and downlink bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to perform lossless image compression on satellite imagery using a hybrid (DWT-RLE) algorithm to obtain higher compression ratios. This compression is implemented using the software tool MATLAB.
Development of an integrated system for force measurement on end effectors of serial manipulators (IRB1410) using LabVIEW and data dashboard.
Authors: Vasanth kumar CH , Raghavendra Rao V , Medona Ann C V
Published: July 2021

A data acquisition method to obtain force measurement on an end effector of a serial manipulator is carried out using LabVIEW Data Dashboard to obtain results wirelessly developing an integrated, system between the serial manipulator, a computer and a remote device. A strut array was manufactured with a 4x4 grid and 8 strain gauges were attached on the parallel sides of the 4 rectangular struts based on strain analysis run theoretically using ANSYS to locate position of maximum strain. Two full bridge circuits from the array were then connected to a NI 9219 analog I/O module set up on a NI cDAQ 9174 chassis to measure the force on the struts whenever a load is applied. Tabular results of strain were obtained which varied linearly with uniformly appreciating loads, graphically displayed using LabVIEW GUI. LabVIEW is further connected wirelessly to the NI Data Dashboard app on a mobile via a shared variable engine which generates the results as a shared variable which can then be displayed on other remote devices. Therefore we can say that an integrated wireless system to remote monitor force applied on an end effector of the serial manipulator IRB1410 has been developed successfully.