bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat percaya diri atlet panahan Cimahi Mandiri Archery Club
Authors: Hardi Veny Juniarni , Budiman Ali , Riyadi Imam
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui tingkat kepercayaan diri atlet panahan club cumahi mandiri archery club yang berada di kota cimahi, Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Metode ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dari hasil jawaban pada angket. Populasi dalam penelitian ini atlet POPDA Cimahi Mandiri Archery Club, Sampel yang di gunakan adalah 18 atlet. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah angket yang di sebar melalui google form. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdapat pada data utama yaitu soal tes .Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan cara membuat google form. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan bantuan Ms Excel. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah 88,89% tingkat percaya diri pada atlet POPDA Cimahi Mandiri Archery club merasakan adanya pengaruh dari tingkat percaya diri terhadap hasil tembakan dan dapat diketahui persentase dari kepercayaan diri tersebut.
GAMBARAN DIAGNOSIS DAN PENATALAKSANAAN PASIEN PNEUMONIA YANG RAWAT INAP BPJS DI RSU ROYAL PRIMA MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Kurnia Felicia , Barus Nerseri
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Pneumonia adalah infeksi akut yang mengenai jaringan paru-paru yang dapat disebabkan oleh berbagaimikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan parasit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahuigambaran diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan pneumonia rawat inap di RSU Royal Prima Medan tahun 2018.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode desain studi kasus, yaitu deskriptif – retrospektif,menggunakan sampel sebanyak 100 data rekam medis pasien yang diambil secara purposive sampling, yaiturekam medis yang paling lengkap datanya dan dianalisa dengan deskriptif statistik. Pada hasil ditemukan umurtermuda adalah 11 tahun dan umur tertua adalah 95 tahun, dengan jumlah laki – laki sebanyak 47 orangdan perempuan sebanyak 53 orang. Keluhan yang paling banyak ditemukan ialah sesak napas 96 orangdan tatalaksana kombinasi farmakologis terbanyak adalah kortikosteroid + antibiotic + paracetamol + ACDsebanyak (56%) dan terapi non farmakologi yang dilakukan adalah pemasangan oksigen dan ringer laktat.Kesimpulan yang didapatkan ialah distribusi terjadinya penyakit pneumonia lebih tinggi pada perempuan(53%) dari pada laki – laki (47%) dan keluhan terbanyak ialah sesak napas (96%) dan tatalaksanakombinasi paling banyak digunakan ialah kortikosteroid + antibiotic + paracetamol + ACD sebanyak (56%) sertapemberian oksigen dan ringer laktat (100%).Kata Kunci : Pneumonia, Diagnosa dan Tatalaksana, RSU Royal Prima Medan
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS AIR NENAS (Ananas Comosus) DAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS (Oryza Sativa) SEBAGAI ACTIVATOR
Authors: Tasrun Laode , Ila Shara
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPermasalahan yang timbul dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah bioktivator air nenas (Ananas Comosus) dan air cucian beras (Oryza Sativa) dalam dosis 40 ml, 50 ml dan 60 ml (masing-masing dosisi yang sama)efektif dalam pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dosisbioktivator air nenas dan air cucian beras yang efektif dalam pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos.Jenis penelitian adalah Quasi eksperimen yakni dengan memberi 2 perlakuan dengan activator yang berbedapada sampah organik dengan bioaktivator air nenas (Ananas Comosus) dan air cucian beras (Oryza Sativa)dalam pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistic dengan menggunakanAnova One Way untuk suhu diperoleh F hitung =5.905 > F tabel df 2,33 0,05=2,87 pada tarap kepercayaan 95 %yang berarti H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang artinya biaktivator air nenas (Ananas comosus) dengan variasidosis (40 ml, 50 ml, dan 60 ml) ada pengaruh terhadap proses pengomposan. Diharapkan kepada DinasKebersihan agar memperkenalkan dan menyarankan kepada masyarakat agar menggunakan bioaktivator airnenas (Ananas Comosus) dan air cucian beras (Oryza Sativa) dalam upaya pengolahan sampah organik menjadikompos untuk skala rumah tangga. Kata Kunci : sampah organik, kompos, air nenas (ananas comosus) dan air cucian beras (oryza sativa)
PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP STRES HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM BAHTERAMAS
Authors: Umrana Siti , Risnawati Risnawati , Aluddin Aluddin
Published: March 2021

Komunikasi yang kurang baik antara tenaga kesehatan dan pasien merupakan salah satu permasalahanterhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Kurangnya komunikasi antara petugas rumah sakit dan pasien sering terjadiketidakpuasan akan kualitas dan jumlah informasi yang diterima pasien dari para petugas kesehatan di rumahsakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan streshospitalisasi pada anak usia toddler di Ruang Mawar Lantai 2 RSU Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey analitik. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien anak toddler yang dirawat diRuang Mawar Lantai 2 RSU Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 39 pasienyang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fase pra interaksi,fase perkenalan, fase orientasi, fase kerja dan fase terminasi mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengandengan stres hospitalisasi pada anak usia toddler di RSU Bahteramas. Senantiasa mempertahankan bahkanmeningkatkan komunikasi terapeutik dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada pasien.Kata kunci: Komunikasi Terapeutik, Stres Hospitalisasi
KARAKTERISTIK DIAGNOSIS PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED TAHUN 2019
Authors: Mahulae Aris Josua , Suandy Suandy
Published: March 2021

Tuberkulosis paru (TB) merupakan penyakit saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan bakteri Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Kuman tersebut merupakan genus Actinomycetales dan family dari Mycobacteriacea yang jugadikenal sebagai bakteri tahan asam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Karakteristik Diagnosa danPenyakit Penyerta Pasien Tuberkulosis di RS Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini dibuat denganmetode design studi kasus yang bersifat deskriptif retrospektif, besar sampel 100 data rekam medis pasiendiambil secara purposive sampling, yaitu rekam medis yang paling datanya dan dianalisa dengan deskriptifstatistik. Berdasarkan hasil, ditemukan Umur termuda yaitu 17 tahun dan umur tertua 72 tahun, dengan jumlahlaki-laki sebanyak 66 orang dan perempuan sebanyak 34 orang. Keluhan batuk >2 minggu (100%) ditemukanpada semua pasien tuberkulosis paru, keluhan tambahan terbanyak adalah berkeringat malam hari (69%) danhasil pemeriksaan penunjang didapatkan pemeriksaan BTA terbanyak yaitu Positif 1 (33%) diikuti dengan hasilpemeriksaan rontgen thoraks terbanyak adalah lesi minimal (46%) serta penyakit penyerta mayoritas diabetes(17%). Kesimpulan yang bisa didapatkan ialah distribusi terjadinya tuberkulosis paru lebih tinggi pada laki-laki(66%) daripada perempuan (34%) dan keluhan batuk >2 minggu ditemukan pada semua pasien tuberkulosisparu, serta pada pemeriksaan penunjang BTA mayoritas adalah positif 1 (33%) dan pada pemeriksaan ronthenthoraks lesi minimal (46%) yang terbanyak serta Penyakit Penyerta Diabetes (17%) mayoritas dialami pasientuberkulosis paru.Kata Kunci : Tuberkulosis, Karakteristik, Diagnosis
HUBUNGAN OBESITAS TERHADAP HIPERTENSI PADA PETUGAS KEPOLISIAN DI POLRESTA DELI SERDANG
Authors: Hanna Jessica Lise , Lumban Tobing Andrico Napolin , Suandy Suandy
Published: March 2021

AbstrakObesitas adalah faktor risiko utama pada berbagai penyakit kronis, seperti diabetes, kelainan muskuloskeletal,hipertensi, bahkan kanker. Setidaknya ada 2,8 juta orang meninggal per tahun sebagai akibat overweight atauobesitas. Terdapat sekitar 63.309.620 orang mengalami hipertensi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018, dimana427.218 diantaranya meninggal karena hipertensi. Aktivasi sistem saraf simpatis, jumlah total lemak dalamtubuh, peningkatan reabsorpsi natrium dan aktivitas sistem renin-angiotensin di ginjal akibat retensi dari ion inimenjadi penyebab yang mendasari dari hipertensi yang disebabkan obesitas. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitianini untuk mengekplorasi pengaruh antara kategori obesitas terhadap tekanan darah pada petugas kepolisian diPolresta Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional pada 51 orang petugas kepolisian diPolresta Deli Serdang. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, lingkar perut, indeks massatubuh, tekanan darah, dan kolesterol total. Seluruh data penelitian dianalisa dengan analisa deskriptif,kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji kendall’s tau b dan uji two sample t-test dengan uji mann-whitney sebagai ujialternative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang positif lemah antara indeks massatubuh dengan hipertensi, walaupun hubungan antara keduanya tidak signifikan (Nilai p= 0.0830; r= 0.030).Sehingga dapat disimpulan bahwa IMT tidak mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi.Kata kunci: IMT, Hipertensi, Deli Serdang, obesitas
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA MAKAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA IBU HAMIL DI POLIKLINIK OBGYN RSU MUHAMMADIYAH MEDAN
Authors: Hendrik Hendrik , Wijaya Johana Fransiska , Nazimuddin Nadya
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mencari tahu hubungan\dari pola\ makan[ terhadap terjadinya hipertensi[terhadap] ibu[ hamil.= Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat analitikobservasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahuihubungan antara pola makan terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil di poliklinik obgyn RSUMuhammadiyah Medan Tahun 2020. Penelitian- dilakukan= di; RSU Muhammadiyah Medan pada bulan juni –Agustus 2020.[ Populasi] pada penelitian] ini; adalah’ ibu= hamil yang menderita hipertensi di poliklinik obgynRSU Muhammadiyah Medan sebanyak 86 orang,] analisis[ menggunakan] analisis[ univariat] dan[ bivariat.]Darihasil analisis tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,005 < 0,05 ini[ menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pola[makan] terhadap terjadinya hipertensi] pada= ibu’ hamil.= Pola] makan= memiliki hubungan terhadaphipertensi= pada ibu- hamil.[Kata= Kunci: ]Pola/ Makan,= Kejadian Hipertensi,[ Ibu] hamil[
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru-Guru Dalam Membuat Kisi-Kisi Soal Melalui Teknik Kelompok Di SMP Negeri 1 Ponelo Kepulauan
Authors: Atute Imran
Published: March 2021

Peningkatan kemampuan guru-guru di SMP Negeri 1 Ponelo Kepulauan dalam dalam membuat tes ditandai dengan penguasaan guru secara optimal terhadap 7 indikator membuat tes mata pelajaran yaitu : a) Kemampuan menganalisis kompetensi dasar dalam kurikulum, b) Kemampuan menganalisis karakteristik siswa, c) Kemampuan analisis dan mengkaji cara membuat tes mata pelajaran, d) Kemampuan mendesain tes mata pelajaran, e) Kemampuan memvalidasi test mata pelajaran, f) Kemampuan mengidentifikasi dan menguji coba tes mata pelajaran dan g) Kemampuan menganalisis hasil tes mata pelajaranTeknik análisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menjabarkan secara rinci perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan serta hasil pelaksanaan tindakan setiap siklus sehingga diperoleh gambaran yang jelas tentang hasil penelitian.Berdasarkan hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa terlihat perkembangan yang cukup signifikan dari kemampuan guru-guru di SMP Negeri 1 Ponelo Kepulauandalam membuat test mata pelajaran. Namun demikian kemampuan guru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru di SMP Negeri 1 Ponelo Kepulauandalam membuat tes mata pelajaran perlu ditingkatkan karena terdapat 3 kemampuan dalam penyusunan test mata pelajaran yang belum dapat dilaksanakan guru dengan baik.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru- Gurudalam Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Belajar Melalui Teknik Pendampingan Di SMP Negeri 1 Ponelo Kepulauan
Authors: Atute Imran
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan kegiatan refleksi dan umpan balik yang dilakukan antara guru dan kepala sekolah disepakati untuk tidak melanjutkan penelitian ke siklus III karena guru pada dasarnya telah dapat melakukan aktivitas pendampingan sesuai dengan kesepakatan dan telah berimplikasi pada peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam untuk pelaksanaan bimbingan belajar terhadap siswa.Berdasarkan tindakan yang dilaksanakan selama penelitian jelas menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan bimbingan belajar setelah dilaksanakan penelitian tindakan sekolah melalui 2 siklus dengan teknik pendampingan. Dengan temuan ini maka teknik pendampingan seyogyanya dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam proses peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan bimbingan belajar terhadap siswa. Teknik análisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menjabarkan secara rinci perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi serta hasil pelaksanaan tindakan setiap siklus sehingga diperoleh gambaran yang jelas tentang hasil penelitian.
A responsabilidade civil das pessoas com deficiência e dos curadores após a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão
Authors: Salles Raquel Bellini Oliveira
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo analisa, no contexto brasileiro, o impacto da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência no instituto da responsabilidade civil, em especial para as pessoas com deficiência maiores de idade e curadores. A partir da compreensão da deficiência à luz do modelo social, das transformações advindas no regime das incapacidades e da ressignificação da curatela como medida excepcional, proporcional, plástica e necessariamente conforme o melhor interesse da pessoa com deficiência, propõe-se um novo olhar sobre a responsabilidade civil das pessoas com deficiência e dos curadores, com soluções interpretativas atentas à necessária releitura das regras de imputação aplicáveis, especialmente as contidas nos artigos 928, 932, II, e 944 do Código Civil, favorecendo a compreensão do campo de incidência próprio de cada uma delas e do possível papel da equidade na fixação da indenização.
A rendészet és a rendészettudomány kialakulása, első jelei a XVIII–XIX. században Nyugat-Európában és hazánkban
Authors: Sallai János
Published: March 2021

Law enforcement science traditionally possesses the knowledge, descriptive features with which we can distinguish ourselves from other disciplines and illustrate the history of its development.
ON THE FAILURE AND SYSTEMIC RISK OF INNOVATION CLUSTER: COPULA APPROACH
Authors: Gudelytė Laura
Published: March 2021

In order to assess and parameterize the risk of innovation activity implemented by innovation clusters, it is necessary to determine the reliable tools of measuring of systemic risk.
Purpose – to propose an adequate approach to evaluate the systemic risk with regard to the impact of interlinkages between cluster entities and other external factors.
Research methodology – general overview of research papers and documents presenting concepts and methodologies of evaluation of systemic risk and performance of networked structures as approach to evaluate the systemic risk with regard to the impact of interlinkages between cluster entities and other external factors, applied research.
Findings – it is suggested to develop the further parameterization of intensity.
Modelling of the tail dependence and asymmetric dependence between pairs of networked positions remains an important task.
Research limitations – the lack of information concerning the structure and types of interactions and relationship between the members of innovation cluster. There are made some additional assumptions related to reduced-form approach of credit risk modelling.
Practical implications – proposed conceptual model of evaluation of systemic risk should be useful for understanding and further treatment of measuring risk in a case of innovation management.
Originality/Value – the concept of the measuring the systemic risk in innovation cluster as a joint probability of correlated failure of commercialization of innovative activity results is proposed and analysed in this paper.
AESTHETIC EVALUATION OF PLANT LANDSCAPE BASED ON PRINCIPAL FACTOR ANALYSIS AND SBE IN WETLAND PARK – A CASE STUDY OF JINLONG LAKE WETLAND PARK (CHINA)
Authors: Tan Xuehong , Li Xinghui , Peng Yunle
Published: March 2021

The aesthetic value of 35 plant landscape samples of Jinlong lake wetland park in Xuzhou city of China were evaluated with principal factor analysis and SBE method. The results showed that: The SBE value of 35 plant landscape samples fluctuated greatly and the evaluation value of the principal factor did not change much. The order of SBE mean values of different types was: plant landscape on both sides of the roads > plant landscape beside buildings and surroundings > typical plant community > waterfront plant landscape. The order of value of the principal factor analysis of different types was: plant landscape on both sides of the roads > typical plant community > plant landscape beside buildings and surroundings > waterfront plant landscape. The principal factor evaluation method contained more than 90% information of seven evaluation factors, while the SBE method mainly evaluated from “plant aesthetic factors”. The satisfaction of waterfront plant landscape was low, the transformation of plant landscape should focus on increasing the species of waterfront plants, especially native plants, building natural revetments, creating rich canopy lines.
RESEARCH ON KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION IN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
Authors: Verbickas Deividas
Published: March 2021

This article examines the opportunities of Kaizen implementation in the Lithuanian industry-based enterprises. The conducted analysis of Kaizen literature has generated key success factors for Kaizen implementation. The industry in Lithuania is reviewed and its relationship with the key success factors is analyzed. The conducted survey-questionnaire characterizes the empirical research base for this study. The paper presents the results of the surveyed companies related to key success factors on which companies should be focused and which are the most important for successful Kaizen implementation. Based on the results of the research a model for successful Kaizen implementation in industrial companies is prepared and provided, as well as conclusions and recommendations.
Environmental Dependence of Galactic Properties Traced by Lyα Forest Absorption: Diversity among Galaxy Populations
Authors: Momose Rieko , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Kashikawa Nobunari , Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh , Nakajima Kimihiko , Terao Yasunori , Kusakabe Haruka , Ando Makoto , Motohara Kentaro , Spitler Lee
Published: March 2021

In order to shed light on how galactic properties depend on the intergalactic medium (IGM) environment traced by the Lyα forest, we observationally investigate the IGM–galaxy connection using the publicly available 3D IGM tomography data (CLAMATO) and several galaxy catalogs in the COSMOS field. We measure the cross-correlation function (CCF) for 570 galaxies with spec-z measurements and detect a correlation with the IGM up to 50 h
−1 comoving Mpc. We show that galaxies with stellar masses of 109−1010
M
⊙ are the dominant contributor to the total CCF signal. We also investigate CCFs for several galaxy populations: Lyα emitters (LAEs), Hα emitters (HAEs), [O iii] emitters (O3Es), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), and we detect the highest signal in AGNs and SMGs at large scales (r ≥ 5 h
−1 Mpc), but in LAEs at small scales (r < 5 h
−1 Mpc). We find that they live in various IGM environments—HAEs trace the IGM in a similar manner to the continuum-selected galaxies, but LAEs and O3Es tend to reside in higher-density regions. Additionally, LAEs’ CCF is flat up to r ∼ 3 h
−1 Mpc, indicating that they tend to avoid the highest-density regions. For AGNs and SMGs, the CCF peak at r = 5−6 h
−1 Mpc implies that they tend to be in locally lower-density regions. We suspect that it is due to the photoionization of IGM H i by AGNs, i.e., the proximity effect.
Revealing Efficient Dust Formation at Low Metallicity in Extragalactic Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries
Authors: Lau Ryan M. , Hankins Matthew J. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Bond Howard E. , De Kishalay , Jencson Jacob E. , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Smith Nathan , Williams Peredur M.
Published: March 2021

We present Spitzer/InfraRed Array Camera observations of dust formation from six extragalactic carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet (WC) binary candidates in low-metallicity (Z ≲ 0.65 Z
⊙) environments using multiepoch mid-infrared (IR) imaging data from the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS). Optical follow-up spectroscopy of SPIRITS 16ln, 19q, 16df, 18hb, and 14apu reveals emission features from C iv
λ5801−12 and/or the C iii–iv
λ4650/He ii
λ4686 blend that are consistent with early-type WC stars. We identify SPIRITS 16ln as the variable mid-IR counterpart of the recently discovered colliding-wind WC4 + O binary candidate, N604-WRXc, located in the subsolar metallicity NGC 604 H ii region in M33. We interpret the mid-IR variability from SPIRITS 16ln as a dust-formation episode in an eccentric colliding-wind WC binary. SPIRITS 19q, 16df, 14apu, and 18hb exhibit absolute [3.6] magnitudes exceeding that of one of the most IR-luminous dust-forming WC systems known, WR 104 (M
[3.6] ≲ −12.3). An analysis of dust formation in the mid-IR outburst from SPIRITS 19q reveals a high dust production rate of

M
⊙ yr−1, which may therefore exceed that of the most efficient dust-forming WC systems known. We demonstrate that efficient dust formation is feasible from early-type WC binaries in the theoretical framework of colliding-wind binary dust formation if the systems host an O-type companion with high mass-loss rates (

M
⊙ yr−1). This efficient dust formation from early-type WC binaries highlights their potential role as significant sources of dust in low-metallicity environments.
Review of the Particle Background of the Athena X-IFU Instrument
Authors: Lotti Simone , D’Andrea Matteo , Molendi Silvano , Macculi Claudio , Minervini Gabriele , Fioretti Valentina , Laurenza Monica , Jacquey Christian , Piro Luigi
Published: March 2021

X-ray observations are limited by the background, due to the intrinsic faintness or diffuse nature of the sources. The future Athena X-ray observatory has among its goals the characterization of these sources. We aim at characterizing the particle-induced background of the Athena microcalorimeter, in both its low- (soft protons) and high-energy (galactic cosmic rays—GCR) induced components, to assess the instrument capability to characterize background-dominated sources such as the outskirts of clusters of galaxies. We compare two radiation environments, namely the L1 and L2 Lagrangian points, and derive indications against the latter. We estimate the particle-induced background level on the X-IFU microcalorimeter with Monte Carlo simulations, before and after all of the solutions adopted to reduce its level. Concerning the GCR-induced component, the background level is compliant with the mission requirement. Regarding the soft-proton component, the analysis does not predict dramatically different backgrounds in the L1 and L2 orbits. However, the lack of data concerning the L2 environment labels it as very weakly characterizable, and thus we advise against choosing it as the orbit for X-ray missions. We then use these background levels to simulate the observation of a typical galaxy cluster from its center out to 1.2 R
200 to probe the characterization capabilities of the instrument out to the outskirts. We find that without any background reduction, it is not possible to characterize the properties of the cluster in the outer regions. We also find no improvement in the observations when carried out during the solar maximum with respect to solar minimum conditions.
In Situ Heating of the Nightside Martian Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere: The Role of Solar Wind Electron Precipitation
Authors: Niu D.-D. , Cui J. , Gu H. , Wu X. -S. , Cao Y. -T. , Dai L.- K. , Wu M. -Y. , Zhang T. -L. , Rong Z. -J. , Wei Y.
Published: March 2021

In the absence of solar radiation, precipitating electrons from the solar wind (SW) are generally thought to be the dominant source of energy deposition in the nightside Martian upper atmosphere, creating a patchy ionosphere and possibly also affecting the nightside thermal budget of various neutral and ionized species. Previous model calculations have not taken into account in situ heating via SW electron impact. In the present study, we utilize extensive measurements made by several instruments on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, in order to perform data-driven computations of the nightside neutral, ion, and electron heating rates. Considering the large range of energetic electron intensity observed on the nightside of Mars, we divide the entire data set into two subsamples, either with or without energetic electron depletion, a notable feature of the nightside Martian ionosphere. Our calculations indicate that in situ nightside neutral heating is dominated by exothermic chemistry and Maxwell interaction with thermal ions for regions with depletion, and by direct SW impact for regions without. Collisional quenching of excited state species produced from a variety of channels, such as electron impact excitation, dissociation, and ionization, as well as

dissociative recombination, makes a substantial contribution to neutral heating, except during depletion. For comparison, nightside ion heating is mainly driven by energetic ion production under all circumstances, which occurs mainly via ion-neutral reaction O+ + CO2 and CO2
+ predissociation.
3D Magnetothermal Simulations of Tangled Crustal Magnetic Field in Central Compact Objects
Authors: Igoshev Andrei P. , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N. , Hollerbach Rainer , Wood Toby S.
Published: March 2021

Central compact objects (CCOs) are young neutron stars emitting thermal X-rays with bolometric luminosities L
X in the range of 1032–1034 erg s−1. Gourgouliatos, Hollerbach, and Igoshev recently suggested that peculiar emission properties of CCOs can be explained by tangled magnetic field configurations formed in a stochastic dynamo during the proto–neutron star stage. In this case the magnetic field consists of multiple small-scale components with negligible contribution of global dipolar field. We study numerically three-dimensional magnetothermal evolution of tangled crustal magnetic fields in neutron stars. We find that all configurations produce complicated surface thermal patterns that consist of multiple small hot regions located at significant separations from each other. The configurations with initial magnetic energy of (2.5–10) × 1047 erg have temperatures of hot regions that reach ≈ 0.2 keV, to be compared with the bulk temperature of ≈ 0.1 keV in our simulations with no cooling. A factor of two in temperature is also seen in observations of CCOs. The hot spots produce periodic modulations in light curve with typical amplitudes of ≤9%–11%. Therefore, the tangled magnetic field configuration can explain thermal emission properties of some CCOs.
The Fast-evolving Type Ib Supernova SN 2015dj in NGC 7371
Authors: Singh Mridweeka , Misra Kuntal , Valenti Stefano , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Pastorello Andrea , Srivastav Shubham , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Dastidar Raya , Tomasella Lina , Arcavi Iair , Benetti Stefano , Callis Emma , Cappellaro Enrico , Elias-Rosa Nancy , Howell D. Andrew , Kim Sang Chul , McCully Curtis , Tartaglia Leonardo , Terreran Giacomo , Turatto Massimo
Published: March 2021

We present the detailed optical evolution of a Type Ib SN 2015dj in NGC 7371, using data spanning up to ∼170 days after discovery. SN 2015dj shares similarity in light-curve shape with SN 2007gr and peaks at M

V
= −17.37 ± 0.02 mag. Analytical modeling of the quasi bolometric light curve yields 0.06 ± 0.01 M
⊙ of 56Ni, ejecta mass

M
⊙, and kinetic energy

erg. The spectral features show a fast evolution and resemble those of spherically symmetric ejecta. The analysis of nebular phase spectral lines indicates a progenitor mass between 13–20 M
⊙, suggesting a binary scenario.
The UBV Color Evolution of Classical Novae. IV. Time-stretched (U − B)0–(M

B
− 2.5 log f
s) and (V − I)0–(M

I
− 2.5 log f
s) Color–Magnitude Diagrams of Novae in Outbursts
Authors: Hachisu Izumi , Kato Mariko
Published: March 2021

Light curves and color evolutions of two classical novae can be largely overlapped if we properly squeeze or stretch the timescale of a target nova against that of a template nova by

. Then, the brightness of the target nova is related to the brightness of the template nova by

, where M[t] is the absolute magnitude and a function of time t, and f
s is the ratio of timescales between the target and template novae. In the previous papers of this series, we show that many novae broadly overlap in the time-stretched (B − V)0–

color–magnitude diagram. In the present paper, we propose two other (U − B)0–

and (V − I)0–

diagrams and show that their tracks overlap for 16 and 52 novae, respectively. Here (U − B)0, (B − V)0, and (V − I)0 are the intrinsic U − B, B − V, and V − I colors and not changed by the time stretch, and M

B
, M

V
, and M

I
are the absolute B, V, and I magnitudes. Using these properties, we considerably refine the previous estimates of their distance and reddening. The obtained distances are in reasonable agreement with those of the Gaia Data Release 2 catalog.
A VLA Census of the Galactic H II Region Population
Authors: Armentrout W. P. , Anderson L. D. , Wenger Trey V. , Balser Dana S. , Bania T. M.
Published: March 2021

The Milky Way contains thousands of H ii region candidates identified by their characteristic mid-infrared morphology, but lacking detections of ionized gas tracers such as radio continuum or radio recombination line emission. These targets thus remain unconfirmed as H ii regions. With only ∼2500 confirmed H ii regions in the Milky Way, Galactic surveys are deficient by several thousand nebulae when compared to external galaxies with similar star formation rates. Using sensitive 9 GHz radio continuum observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we explore a sample of H ii region candidates in order to set observational limits on the actual total population of Galactic H ii regions. We target all infrared–identified “radio-quiet” sources from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Catalog of Galactic H ii regions between 245° ≥ ℓ ≥ 90° with infrared diameters less than 80′′. We detect radio continuum emission from 50% of the targeted H ii region candidates, providing strong evidence that most of the radio-quiet candidates are bona fide H ii regions. We measure the peak and integrated radio flux densities and compare the inferred Lyman continuum fluxes using models of OB stars. We conclude that stars of approximately spectral type B2 and earlier are able to create H ii regions with similar infrared and radio continuum morphologies as the more luminous H ii regions created by O stars. From our 50% detection rate of “radio-quiet” sources, we set a lower limit of ∼7000 for the H ii region population of the Galaxy. Thus the vast majority of the Milky Way’s H ii regions remain to be discovered.
thornado-hydro: A Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Supernova Hydrodynamics with Nuclear Equations of State*
Authors: Pochik David , Barker Brandon L. , Endeve Eirik , Buffaloe Jesse , Dunham Samuel J. , Roberts Nick , Mezzacappa Anthony
Published: March 2021

This paper describes algorithms for nonrelativistic hydrodynamics in the toolkit for high-order neutrino radiation hydrodynamics (thornado), which is being developed for multiphysics simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and related problems with Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods. More specifically, thornado employs a spectral-type nodal collocation approximation, and we have extended limiters—a slope limiter to prevent nonphysical oscillations and a bound-enforcing limiter to prevent nonphysical states—from the standard RKDG framework to be able to accommodate a tabulated nuclear equation of state (EoS). To demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithms with a nuclear EoS, we first present numerical results from basic test problems in idealized settings in one and two spatial dimensions, employing Cartesian, spherical-polar, and cylindrical coordinates. Then, we apply the RKDG method to the problem of adiabatic collapse, shock formation, and shock propagation in spherical symmetry, initiated with a 15 M
⊙ progenitor. We find that the extended limiters improve the fidelity and robustness of the RKDG method in idealized settings. The bound-enforcing limiter improves the robustness of the RKDG method in the adiabatic collapse application, while we find that slope limiting in characteristic fields is vulnerable to structures in the EoS—more specifically, in the phase transition from nuclei and nucleons to bulk nuclear matter. The success of these applications marks an important step toward applying RKDG methods to more realistic CCSN simulations with thornado in the future.
The Infrared Spectrum of Protonated C70
Authors: Palotás Julianna , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos
Published: March 2021

With the detection of C60, C70, and

in the interstellar medium, fullerenes are currently the largest molecules identified in space. The relatively high proton affinities of C60 and C70 support the hypothesis that protonated fullerenes may also be abundant in the interstellar matter. Here, we present the first experimental vibrational spectrum of C70H+, recorded in the gas phase. The attachment of a proton to C70 causes a drastic symmetry lowering, which results in a rich vibrational spectrum. As compared to C60, where all C-atoms are equivalent due to the icosahedral symmetry, C70 belongs to the D5h
point group and has five nonequivalent C-atoms, which are available as protonation sites. Combined analysis of the experimental spectrum and spectra computed at the density functional theory level enables us to evaluate the protonation isomers being formed. We compare the IR spectra of C60H+ and C70H+ to IR emission spectra from planetary nebulae, which suggests that a mixture of these fullerene analogs could contribute to their IR emission.
Videogame development training approach: A Virtual Reality and open-source perspective
Authors: Bonilla Carranza David , Peña Pérez Negrón Adriana , Contreras Madeleine
Published: March 2021

Videogame development is software development; though, videogame projects require unusual developers’ technical and creative skills when compared with non-game projects. Based on the teaching experience of the Computer Simulation subject of the Computer Science Engineering program for undergraduate students, it was built a training strategy for videogame development projects oriented to software developers. As a result, it is presented the strategy described in terms of videogames for immersive virtual reality with open source platforms, but it can be adjusted to other technologies. This proposal links Project-Based Learning (PBL) with the SUM videogames development process, by including material, tools, and a creative perspective.
Completing a taxonomic puzzle: integrative review of geckos of the Paroedura bastardi species complex (Squamata, Gekkonidae)
Authors: Miralles Aurélien , Bruy Teddy , Crottini Angelica , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Ratsoavina Fanomezana M. , Scherz Mark D. , Schmidt Robin , Köhler Jörn , Glaw Frank , Vences Miguel
Published: March 2021

The Paroedura bastardi clade, a subgroup of the Madagascan gecko genus Paroedura, currently comprises four nominal species: P. bastardi, supposedly widely distributed in southern and western Madagascar, P. ibityensis, a montane endemic, and P. tanjaka and P. neglecta, both restricted to the central west region of the island. Previous work has shown that Paroedura bastardi is a species complex with several strongly divergent mitochondrial lineages. Based on one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers, plus detailed morphological data, we undertake an integrative revision of this species complex. Using a representative sampling for seven nuclear and five mitochondrial genes we furthermore propose a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among the species in this clade. Our analyses reveal at least three distinct and independent evolutionary lineages currently referred to P. bastardi. Conclusive evidence for the species status of these lineages comes from multiple cases of syntopic occurrence without genetic admixture or morphological intermediates, suggesting reproductive isolation. We discuss the relevance of this line of evidence and the conditions under which concordant differentiation in unlinked loci under sympatry provides a powerful approach to species delimitation, and taxonomically implement our findings by (1) designating a lectotype for Paroedura bastardi, now restricted to the extreme South-East of Madagascar, (2) resurrecting of the binomen Paroedura guibeae Dixon & Kroll, 1974, which is applied to the species predominantly distributed in the South-West, and (3) describing a third species, Paroedura rennerae sp. nov., which has the northernmost distribution within the species complex.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Phrynoglossus in Indochina with the description of a new species and comments on the classification within Occidozyginae (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae)
Authors: Köhler Gunther , Vargas Joseph , Than Ni Lar , Schell Tilman , Janke Axel , Pauls Steffen U. , Thammachoti Panupong
Published: March 2021

We revise the frogs of the genusPhrynoglossusfrom Indochina based on data of external morphology, bioacoustics and molecular genetics. The results of this integrative study provide evidence for the recognition of three distinct species, one of which we describe as new.Phrynoglossus martensiihas a vast geographic distribution from central and southern Thailand across southern China to Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.Phrynoglossus myanhesseisp. nov.is distributed in central Myanmar whereasPhrynoglossus magnapustulosusis restricted to the Khorat Plateau, Thailand. These three species occur in allopatry and differ in their mating calls, external morphology, and in genetic distances of the 16S gene of 3.8–5.9%. Finally, we discuss and provide evolutionary evidence for the recognition ofPhrynoglossusas a genus distinct fromOccidozyga. Members of both genera form reciprocal monophyletic groups in our analyses of mtDNA data (16S) and are well differentiated from each other in morphology and ecology. Furthermore, they differ in the amplexus mode withPhrynoglossushaving an inguinal amplexus whereas it is axillary inOccidozyga. We further provide ade novodraft genome of the holotype based on short-read sequencing technology to a coverage of 25-fold. This resource will permanently link the genetic characterization of the species to the name-bearing type specimen.
Feraequornithes: a name for the clade formed by Procellariiformes, Sphenisciformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes and Pelecaniformes (Aves)
Authors: Sangster George , Mayr Gerald
Published: March 2021

Recent genomic data sets have resolved many aspects of higher-level phylogenetic relationships of birds. Eleven phylogenomic studies provide congruent support for a clade formed by Procellariiformes, Sphenisciformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes and Pelecaniformes. This clade is here named ‘Feraequornithes’ following the rules and requirements of the PhyloCode.
Cercopidae spittle-bugs (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha) of Madagascar: a new species of Bourgoinrana and revision of the Locris species
Authors: Bouteille Emilien , Le Cesne Maxime , Soulier-Perkins Adeline
Published: March 2021

The Locris species and subspecies from Madagascar are revised and a new combination is proposed: Locris johannae var. nigrolimbata Lallemand, 1910 to L. nigrolimbatacomb. nov. Illustrations and description of male terminalia are given for the first time for the three Locris species and an identification key is provided. A new species of the Malagasy endemic genus Bourgoinrana Soulier-Perkins, 2012 is described: B. beondrokaensis Le Cesne & Soulier-Perkins sp. nov. An updated identification key to the species of Bourgoinrana is provided.
Partenariats de création dans la scène interculturelle d’Amérique latine
Authors: Cobo Olga Lucia
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose d’analyser deux cas de relations interculturelles de création dans la scène latino-américaine contemporaine à partir des concepts de Culture et de décolonisation selon Manuela Carneiro da Cunha et Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Pour situer l’analyse, le cas de création du spectacle Bororó1 de Eugenio Gomez et de Henrry Ibargüen Murillo en Colombie, et le cas de la relation développée entre Marlui Miranda et le peuple Paiter Suruí, en Amazonie brésilienne, serviront d’exemple pour avancer vers la proposition d’une relation de partenariat créatif. L’introduction du concept de partenariat dans les relations interculturelles de création permet de concevoir des échanges non hiérarchisés entre différentes expressions scéniques. Dans ce type d’échange chaque créateur participant trouve une place valorisante dans la création (qui devient une oeuvre commune) et les différences entre les formes et les traditions en contact sont potentialisées, ouvrant ainsi des possibilités esthétiques pour avancer vers une décolonisation de l’imaginaire.
S’affranchir de l’androcentrisme dans le théâtre colombien : de la « crise de la masculinité » aux masculinités critiques
Authors: Serban Gabriella
Published: March 2021

Cet article étudie les mutations observables dans la représentation des masculinités, à partir des années 1990, dans le théâtre colombien. En s’appuyant sur des textes notamment de Fabio Rubiano et Ana María Vallejo, il s’agit de répondre à la question suivante : comment rendre à sa particularité une question marquée par sa propension à l’hypertrophie et la neutralisation ? Ce corpus permet ainsi d’interroger les enjeux et écueils des différentes stratégies esthétiques qui œuvrent à penser les masculinités. Cela aboutit à la proposition d’outils conceptuels pour discerner ce qui relève d’une simple mutation de l’androcentrisme ou de son profond ébranlement. Dans le premier cas, celui de la « crise de la masculinité », la question est abordée sous un angle ontologique et tend à reconduire la figure universelle du héros tragique, vêtu d’atours désormais postmodernes. Dans le deuxième, celui des « masculinités critiques », une profonde remise en question de cette vue totalisatrice s’opère, en procédant notamment à un reclassement du masculin dans l’économie de l’écriture. Cela nous permettra de conclure sur le constat d’un type de théâtre original, constituant une alternative possible aux propositions postdramatiques, que nous appelons ici « interstitiel ».
Principios legitimadores de la matriz ideológica doctrinaria de la derecha chilena, 1973‑tiempo presente
Authors: Olguín Olate Jorge
Published: March 2021

A partir de una metodología fundamentada en biografías, autobiografías y testimonios de una serie de actores civiles y militares de la última dictadura civil militar, se pretende demostrar que la derecha chilena es una ideología que se operacionaliza en una serie de principios legitimadores de origen católico escolástico, tales como: orden, derecho a rebelión, propiedad privada, desigualdad, antimarxismo, subsidiariedad, bien común, entre otros. Cuando esos principios se ven amenzados, se pueden reactualizar bajo nuevos enfoques, como aconteció con el neoliberalismo que los reinterpretó para una nueva derecha que se instaló en el poder en 1973, y que actualmente, gobierna Chile.
Un courant singulier au sein du conservatisme états‑unien ?
Authors: Bourgois Pierre
Published: March 2021

Le néoconservatisme américain a reçu une attention considérable ces dernières années. On associe effectivement, à ce courant de pensée, la politique étrangère « agressive » menée par l’administration de George W. Bush au Moyen-Orient au début des années 2000. Le néoconservatisme est en réalité un mouvement bien plus ancien, dont la genèse demeure relativement « complexe ». D’une manière générale, on peut distinguer deux principales générations au sein du courant, l’une durant la Guerre froide et l’autre, à partir du milieu des années 1990. Notre travail vise à analyser, en détail, cette seconde génération du néoconservatisme, de son renouveau peu après la fin de la Guerre froide à son déclin progressif, notamment dans les années suivant le mandat de George W. Bush. Plus particulièrement, il s’agit de questionner son positionnement au sein des autres familles du conservatisme états-unien. À ce titre, le néoconservatisme semble développer une vision particulière des affaires intérieures comme internationales, faisant de lui un mouvement « à part » des autres courants conservateurs.
Couleur, matériau et lumière : la pensée chromatique dans l’Égypte ancienne
Authors: Barbotin Christophe
Published: March 2021

Afin d’étudier une civilisation qui attachait autant d’importance à la couleur que l’Égypte pharaonique, la compréhension de l’idée que les Anciens en avaient conçue apparaît déterminante. On s’aperçoit ainsi qu’ils prenaient non seulement en compte l’aspect visuel des couleurs, nous dirions leur longueur d’ondes dans le spectre visible, mais aussi la texture et surtout l’éclat des matériaux envisagés, sans distinction particulière entre apparence et nature desdits matériaux.Ils avaient, en outre, établi l’équivalence des couleurs et de la lumière solaire par le biais d’un cheminement intellectuel, non pas scientifique au sens moderne du terme mais hiéroglyphique, ce qui éclaire plusieurs choix iconographiques en décalage par rapport à la nature, et explique l’emploi précis de vernis brillants pour rehausser certains motifs.
Des dieux parmi les hommes : l’installation des « statues de culte » en Grèce ancienne
Authors: Pirenne-Delforge Vinciane
Published: March 2021

La pluralité des dieux grecs et l’anthropomorphisme qui en caractérise la représentation ont donné lieu à la production de milliers de statues, dont une partie peuple aujourd’hui nos musées. Mais quel était le statut de ces statues dans le contexte qui les a vu naître ? Qu’en est-il, parmi elles, des prétendues « statues de culte » ? La notion doit être interrogée en la replaçant dans le cadre de la représentation que les Grecs se faisaient de leurs dieux et de la manière dont ils entraient en communication avec eux par les rituels.
Deux portraits chypriotes en calcaire polychrome
Authors: Bel Nicolas , Pariselle Christine , Pagès-Camagna Sandrine , Coquinot Yvan , Timbart Noëlle
Published: March 2021

Le projet de restauration de deux têtes chypriotes conservées au département des Antiquités orientales du Louvre a été préparé par un inventaire diagnostique des altérations, étude qui, alliée à celle des polychromies, a permis de séquencer l’histoire matérielle des deux œuvres aux destinées semble-t-il communes et exceptionnelles. À partir de la reconnaissance de deux étapes picturales anciennes, impliquant une restauration antique ou médiévale, la succession des dégradations tant superficielles que structurelles a pu être proposée pour chacune des deux sculptures. Les caractéristiques pétrographiques et la composition chimique élémentaire des pierres les constituant ont été mises en évidence, ce qui a permis une révision des résultats des analyses réalisées en 1987 par le laboratoire du Centre pour les Sciences Archéologiques de l’université de Georgia.
La redécouverte de la polychromie d’un buste antique de terre cuite du Cabinet des Médailles (Sicile, iiie siècle av. J.-C.)
Authors: Buisson Nathalie , Colonna Cécile , Kumar Clémentine
Published: March 2021

La restauration récente d’un buste en terre cuite sicilien de la période hellénistique de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) a permis d’effectuer une étude de sa polychromie. Des microprélèvements représentatifs ont été réalisés afin de caractériser la nature des pigments et des colorants. Les résultats combinés de la microscopie électronique à balayage et des mesures en spectrocolorimétrie ont révélé la présence de bleu égyptien, de garance et d’ocre jaune, ainsi que l’utilisation de blanc de plomb intimement lié à du phosphate de calcium pour la réalisation de la double couche de carnation, ce qui permet une évocation de l’aspect coloré du buste à l’origine.