bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Signal Aliasing in Long Baseline Positioning System
Authors: Cao Jun , Sun Da Jun , Zhang Dian Lun
Published: July 2014

In the long baseline positioning system, underwater vehicle use transponder reply signals for positioning and navigation, reply signals aliasing is the main reason of inaccurate detection and instability detection. This paper aimed at the problem and research on signal aliasing in long baseline positioning system, theoretical and simulation results show that: Both overlap degree and overlap energy have a certain distribution. The size of signal aliasing area associated with signal overlap degree. The number of signal aliasing is different in different aliasing area. Signal aliasing will affect signal detection, and reduce the long baseline positioning accuracy.
Design of an Ultra-Wideband Four Arms Sinuous Antenna
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xue Tian , Li Ying , Song Song
Published: July 2014

Due to the advantages of ultra-wideband, single caliber, symmetric pattern, full polarization, the sinuous antennas have gradually displaced the traditional spiral antennas in the Missile guider, reflector feed, wideband direction finding system. Based on the traditional planar sinuous antennas, this paper designed a novel 2-22 GHz 3D sinuous antenna in the conical form. Results show that the designed antenna showed high performance within 2-22 GHZ frequency band.
The Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Adjacent Strong Edge Chromatic Number
Authors: Sun Zong Jian , Chen Jing
Published: July 2014

The adjacent strong edge chromatic number of graphs can be applied to the optimization design of wireless sensor network to make the network design more reasonable. An algorithm,based on the basic principle of page sorting technology, is designed to search for the adjacent strong edge coloring of certain join graphs. Therefore, the adjacent strong edge chromatic number of a join graph is obtained, and it can avoid the repetition of wireless sensor network.
The Analysis of Institutional Factors for Gain of EDFA
Authors: Liu Lian Lian , Shen Tao , Meng Suai , Yang Han Yu , Nie Ping Yu , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2014

Small signal gain of fiber amplifier has been measurement using a small signal broadband light source of simple and more accurate. And through the numerical simulation for test condition and experimental results of this method are discussed. The factors influencing of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain has been simulation and analysis, and effect of fiber length on the gain of the test. A new method is proposed for measuring optical fiber amplifier gain spectrum.
Exponentially Stable Sampled-Data Control for Uncertain Systems
Authors: Fan Li Ying
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the problem of the exponentially stable sampled-data control was investigated for a class of uncertain systems. Based on the input delay approach, the system was modeled as a continuous-time system with the delayed control input. Attention was focused on the design of a state feedback sampled-data controller which guarantees the exponential stability of the closed-loop system for all admissible parametric uncertainties. Using linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, sufficient conditions are obtained. Simulation example was given to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
Simulation Research on Fuzzy Control of Main Steam Temperature in Power Series
Authors: Tian Si Qing , Wei Qiang , Mu Xiao Feng
Published: July 2014

due to the characteristics of large delay, nonlinear super-heater, time-varying, multivariate and self-balance ability .It is difficult to establish accurate mathematical model, this paper uses the cascade fuzzy control, realize the effective control of the main steam temperature. Simulation results show that, the temperature cascade fuzzy control has fast dynamic response, good steady-state performance and robustness.
Design and Implementation of a RISC Processor on FPGA
Authors: Yang Hui Jing , Fan Hao , Dong Huai Guo
Published: July 2014

This paper targets the computer architecture courses and presents an Field Programmable Gate Array implementation of a RISC Processor via Verilog HDL design. It has 8-bit instruction words and 4 general purpose registers. It have two instruction formats. And it has been designed with Verilog HDL, synthesized using Quatus II 12.0, simulated using ModelSim simulator, and then implemented on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA that has 484 available Input/Output pins and 50MHz clock oscillator. The final overall simulation's experimental data verify the correctness of the processor.
Research on the On-Line Measuring Method of Transformer Short-Circuit Reactance
Authors: Wei Yun Bing , Zhang Dong
Published: July 2014

The short-circuit reactance is an important parameter to characterize the transformer ability to resist the attack of short-circuit current in the design the operation process. In this paper, the on-line measuring method for short-circuit reactance based on electrical parameters' characteristics was presented, and the feasibility to carry out on-line monitoring for the transformer operation condition was also analyzed. Besides, the principle of two on-line measuring methods based on respectively exciting current compensation and elimination technique was researched, and the calculation equations were deduced. The comparison between the on-line results measured from moving mold experiment and those from off-line short-circuit experiment showed that these two methods were accurate and valid.
CMOS Low Power Ring VCO Design
Authors: Song Ming Xin , Wang Shan Shan , Sun Guo Dong
Published: July 2014

A design project of voltage controlled oscillator which is the central component of the low voltage phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed in this paper. The VCO adopted the folding differential voltage controlled oscillator.Simulation results in Cadence Hspice indicate that the VCO proposed behaves in good linearity, simple structure, small phase noise.The frequency range from 125 to 787 MHz, the power consumption of this oscillator is only 6mW at central frequency is 480MHz with 3V power supply.
Study on Fault Diagnosis Method for Nuclear Power Plant Based on Fuzzy Rough Sets and Decision Tree
Authors: Mu Yu , Sheng Gui Min , Xia Hong , Sun Pu Nan , Qian Yan
Published: July 2014

The technology of real-time fault diagnosis for nuclear power plants (NPP) has great significance to improve the safety and economy of reactor. Nuclear power plants are complex system, which collect and monitor the vast parameters. A parameter reduction method based on fuzzy rough sets was proposed. According to the characteristics the parameters were fuzzed, and they were reducted using the algorithm of forward greedy search. The decision tree was applied to learn from training samples which were the typical faults of nuclear power plant, i.e., loss of coolant accident (LOCA), feed water pipe rupture, steam generator tube rupture (SGTR), main steam pipe rupture, and diagnose by using the acquired knowledge. The result shows that this method can diagnose the faults of the NPP rapidly and accurately.
Cooperative Path Planning of Jammer Formation in Penetration Attack
Authors: Ou Jian Jun , Zhang An , Chen Zhong Qi
Published: July 2014

The study of cooperative fighting between jammer and fighter aircraft is helpful to improve the ability of penetration attack. Firstly, the conception of path point threat assessment is given, based on the jamming troop model. Secondly, the jammer free fly region conception, relative theorem and the resolving strategy are given, and as a result, the dynamic searching space can be got. Thirdly, by improving Sparse A* Search (SAS) algorithm and applying it in cooperative path planning of jammer formation, the realizing process is designed. At last, simulation is made. The results show that the strategy can quickly get the best cooperative path of jammer formation whatever fighter aircraft’s penetration attack task.
Research on the Simulation of Naval Gun Exterior Trajectory Differential Equations in Real-Time Solution
Authors: Tian Feng , Sun Xu Wen , Zhang Xu , Shan Hong Yan , Wang Li Jun
Published: July 2014

Giving the concept of the aero ballistics, the equations of mass trajectory of pill in the rectangular coordinate system under standard conditions and the equations of mass trajectory of pill considering the influence of wind are introduced in this paper. Forth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used for the equations to simulate, the experiment analysis has been discussed in the last. The result shows that such method of simulation has more accuracy in direction and distance.
Charge Transfer and Energy Transfer between CdSe Semiconductor Nano Crystals and Polyaniline Molecule
Authors: Zhou Wu Lei , Cai Tuo , Xiao Jian , Han Xue Ting , Liu Jian Bo , Xu Liang , Chi Jian Guang , Gao Shao Hong , Cai Xi Ping , An Li Min
Published: July 2014

CdSe semiconductor nano crystals (NCs) and Polyaniline (PAni) are mixed uniformly to prepare CdSe NCs/PAni complex. PAni can quench the fluorescent signal of CdSe NCs. The fluorescent intensity of CdSe NCs/PAni complex is related to the size of CdSe NCs and concentration of PAni. Ultraviolet visual (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra are employed to analysis the quenching phenomenon. The mechanism of fluorescence quench is dependent on two factors: on one hand, the FÖrster resonance energy transfer conducts from CdSe to PAni; on the other hand, PAni can intercept the electron charge of CdSe and lead to the interruption of radiative recombination.
Advantages and Challenges Analyzed Utilizing MMA as the Printable Material to Fabricate Optical Waveguides
Authors: Li Hai Bao , Liu Hui , Zhao En Ming
Published: July 2014

Aimed at the professional and printable materials, the researchers involved in higher payments, a new design scheme of utilizing MMA for 3D printing has been put forward based on its proper characters. The ideas and experiment frameworks are demonstrated, as well as the challenges are discussed.
Particle Size Effect on the Corona Resistant Properties of PI/TiO2 Composite Films
Authors: Li Guang You , Yin Jing Hua , Yao Lei , Zhao Xing
Published: July 2014

Polyimide-based (PI) nanocomposites possess excellent electrical and thermal performance, widely used in inverter motor. In the paper using different particle sizes made polyimide/titania (PI/TiO2) nanocomposite films in situ polymerization, including 20nm A series and 50nm B series. The results shows that A series have a larger specific surface, combination of the film and matrix is closer without affecting the imidization of PI, and there is a clear interface layer and the structure is more stable. According to the time of corona-resistant A Series films is significantly longer than B Series films, especially the A series films with 15% of which corona-resistant time is 15h, five times than the pure PI. By both SAXS and XRD particle size in the matrix can be calculated, proving small particles can be better combination of the matrix of PI, increasing the number of traps, more effectively cutting off charge corrosion and making corona resistance greater performance.
The Photocurrent Characteristic Analysis of the Copper Phthalocyanine Organic Thin Film Transistor Irradiated by 700 nm Monochromatic Light
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Dong Xing , Chen Jia Bin , Shan Yue , Yin Jing Hua , Zhao Hong
Published: July 2014

By using organic semiconductor CuPc as photosensitive materials, we prepared an organic thin film transistor with the vertical structure consisted of metal Cu/ organic semiconductor CuPc/ Al/ organic semiconductor CuPc/ indium tin oxide ITO. CuPc semiconductor material has good photosensitive properties in the 700 nm light. When the light signal irradiates organic semiconductor photosensitive material, the electron-hole exciton is separated into photocurrent in built-in electric field produced by organic semiconductor material/ metal schottky contact. It transforms into the driving current of organic photoelectric triode. By using its current amplification effect, the output current increase obviously. The test result shows that the I-V characteristics of the transistor are obvious unsaturated triode characteristics. When using 700 nm light to irradiate the device, the working current of the device increases obviously.
A Circuit Design for Portable Cooling and Heating System Based on STC89C52RC MCU
Authors: Long Jiang , Wang Xu Dong , Song Yu
Published: July 2014

Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC), with typical advantages such as low acoustic noise, small volume, lightness, high performance and high reliability, is a compact device widely used in fields like military applications and cooling or heating small spaces. Circuit design of a real-time controlled, LED displayed and monitored cooling and heating system is presented in this paper. The system is consisted of STC89C52RC MCU, TEC1-12706, temperature monitoring chip DS18B20, LED temperature display unit etc. Five kinds of functions like heating or cooling automatically adjustable, temperature controlling, temperature real-time displaying and monitoring and limitation value settings are achieved. A high cooling/heating efficiency has been obtained. The test result shows that the temperature rise/decrease can be 6,83°C/2.18°C per minute in the early 5 operation process of this system.
Influence of Cutting Speed and Offset Distance over Cutting Tool Vibration in Multi-Tool Turning Process
Authors: Kalidasan R. , Ramanuj V. , Sarma D.K. , Senthilvelan S.
Published: July 2014

Multi-tool turning process employs more than one cutting tool for machining the work piece simultaneously. In the conventional turning process, effect of machining parameters over cutting forces, vibration, work piece surface finish and dimensional tolerances have been discussed in detail, however no attempt has been made in the multi-tool turning process. Cutting tool vibration is very important as it reveals the condition of cutting tool as well as work piece quality. In this study, a second cutting tool is introduced at the rear side of the lathe with some distance from conventional front cutting tool to machine the work piece simultaneously. Accelerometers are used to measure the vibration signals in the tangential direction of cutting. Obtained time domain vibration signals are converted to frequency domain signals by Fast Fourier Transform to reveal its power spectral density. In this work cutting speed and distance between front and rear cutting tool are varied to understand the cutting tool vibration. With increase in cutting speed and increase in distance between front and rear cutting tool, vibration reduces.
The Path of the Smart Grid in India
Authors: Ambika R. , Rajeswari Ramachandran
Published: July 2014

The 21st century world is more dependent on electrical power than ever. This dependency will increase manifold in the near future with more systems being computerized and a plethora of new electronic devices emerging for household, commercial and industrial applications. In such a scenario, availability of secure, reliable and efficient power is crucial for sustaining current development and economic growth trends. India is struggling to meet electric power demands of the fast expanding economy. In this situation, “smart grid” is the only solution, as it provides an open platform for electricity market and power transactions and offers high quality service and optimizes resource allocation. Simply stating smart grid refers to the application of information technology to power systems. Due to the complexity of such systems, the possibilities have yet to be clearly defined. Undertaking smart grid research in India is necessary for safe and stabilization of national power grid, optimization of national energy structure etc. This paper explores the definition, characteristics of smart grid and the gap between today’s grid and smart grid and its milestones are analyzed. Also the necessity of smart grid and enormous challenges which Indian power enterprises are facing is analyzed through which the inspiration of developing smart grid in India can be gained. Finally some of the ongoing smart grid activities in India and the barriers to implement the smart grid are discussed. The power system development as the world’s new trend of change, smart grid will lead the Indians to restore confidence, revive industry and promote sound and fast economic growth.
Fault Analysis on Photo Voltaic Fed Grid Connected Systems
Authors: Jamuna Venkatesan , Saritha Natesan , N NANTHINI
Published: July 2014

This work presents a photovoltaic (PV) system, connected to a three phase grid. This work focuses on fault analysis in a grid connected photo-voltaic (PV) energy system. In this work, a three phase Multi-level Inverter connected with an AC grid fed by photovoltaic systems with advanced sine PWM control scheme is presented. The proposed modulation technique uses single reference signal and number of high frequency carrier signals to generate the PWM signal. Now a days, most of the photovoltaic (PV) power sources are connected to the AC grid. When photovoltaic power sources are connected to grid, the grid connected PV system is affected by various power quality issues like voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage disturbances, waveform distortions and three phase fault. One of the main power quality problems is three phase fault and it is appeared in the grid due to short circuit condition between two phases and ground. Fault analysis is carried out by creating a LG, LL, LLL and LLLG fault in the grid connected systems. Grid side voltage, current and power waveforms at the grid side are analysed with fault conditions. A detailed simulation has been done for the Multi-Level Inverter and the validation of system is verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented.
Exergy Performance Assessment of a Residential Air Conditioner Working with R22 and R32/R125/R600a Mixture as an Alternative
Authors: Ramu Neerathalingam Suguna , Senthil Kumar P. , Mohanraj Murugesan
Published: July 2014

The main aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of an air conditioner working with R22 and the new ternary mixture which comprises R32/R125/ R600a (0.4:0.4:0.2, by mass). The energy performance assessment of the air conditioner is made for four different condensing temperatures such as 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C with evaporator temperatures 22 and 25 °C respectively. The experimental tests are performed with secondary fluids like water and air in the condenser and in the evaporator respectively. The experimental tests are performed and comparative exergy analysis has been presented. REFPROP is utilized to find the thermodynamic properties of the mixture. The overall exergetic performance of R22 is comparatively better than that of the mixture. The performances of the individual components are also examined. The exergy destruction of compressor is larger for the mixture, followed by condenser then evaporator and ended with expansion valve. Thus to improve the performance of the system the compressor design has to be reformed.
Theoretical Study and Mathematical Modeling of Plate-Pin Fin Heat Exchanger for Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System
Authors: Vijaykumar R. , Mukesh T. , Rudramoorthy R.
Published: July 2014

Solar photovoltaic (PV) plays a major role in the renewable energy sector in the field of power production. Production of electricity from solar PV is gaining rapid importance due to its cleaner energy production capacity and it’s adaptability to various climatic conditions. PV cells suffer noticeable drop in efficiency as their operating temperature increases beyond a certain limit. In such cases cooling of the PV cells becomes mandatory. Since the efficiencies of PV cells are in the lower range (a maximum of 18%), a highly effective, inexpensive cooling system is necessary to be employed. Air cooling provides a solution to this cause and is meant to be an better counterpart to water cooling since it overcomes the problems of water cooling such as silt formation, evaporation, soiling and reflection losses. This paper presents a simple mathematical PV/T model to design the cooling system using plate-pin fin extended surface heat exchanger model. A relationship between the heat dissipated and the number of fins along with its dependence on individual fin area is also developed. This model will provide the researchers to design their cooling system according to their PV system geometry.
Thermal Presentation of Two-Phase Congested Thermosyphon in Submission of Determined Thermoelectric Dominance Producer by Means of Phase Change Material Thermal Storage
Authors: Vikneswaran N. , Pasupathy A. , Arumuganainar K.
Published: July 2014

With the growing energy command due to growing world people and industrialization, utilizing strenuous solar energy for thermal and electrical power production will be the future renewable power source to decrease the confidence on fossil fuel and reduce carbon dioxide discharge. Besides by means of determined Photovoltaic (CPV) system, Concentrated Thermoelectric generator (CTEG) will be another possible option for sustainable power generation. The CTEG system utilizes concentrated solar flux as a heat source to the thermoelectric generating (TEG) module in generating direct current thermoelectricity which can be easily converted to alternating power using an inverter. By maintaining a temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric cells (Seebeck effect), thermoelectricity is generated where its magnitude is a function of temperature difference. The main challenge is the effectiveness of excess heat removal which accumulated at the cold side of the thermoelectric cell to achieve greater power generation. Using acting cooling mechanisms are not energy efficient proposal as it requires power in operating them and significantly reduces the total power output generated. They are planned in the paper for working CTEG system through passive cooling and achieving invariable cooling. Two-phase closed thermosyphon is implement as an helpful heat transporting device for transfer excess heat from heated TEG part to the frozen PCM storeroom reservoir for heat luggage compartment. This investigation is to evaluate the thermal presentation of the proposed system.. The working fluid used in the thermosyphon was Acetone and its filling ratio was designated at 40% of the evaporator volume. Paraffin wax was selected as PCM with melting point of 47oC and acceptably high latent heat storage was selected in the thermal storage. The passive cooling mechanisms consist of PCM storage tank, heat pipe-based heat transfer system for transporting heat from TEG modules to the PCM thermal storage during the daytime and a similar heat pipe-based system for discharging heat from PCM storage tank to the cooler ambient during the night time.
Environment Friendly Mixed Refrigerant to Replace R-134a in a VCR System with Exergy Analysis
Authors: Austin N. , Diaz P.M. , Abraham D.S. Manoj , Kanthavelkumaran N.
Published: July 2014

Study on environment friendly mixed refrigerant to replace R134a in vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) System. The mixed refrigerants investigated are propane (R290), butane (R600), isobutene (R600a) and R134a. Even though the ozone depletion potentials of R134a relative to CFC-11 are very low; the global warming potentials are extremely high and also expensive. For this reason, the production and use of R134a will be terminated in the near future. Hydrocarbons are free from ozone depletion potential and have negligible global warming potential. The results showed that, mixed refrigerant with charge of 80 g satisfy the required freezer air temperature when R134a with a charge of 110 g is used as refrigerant. The actual COP of refrigerator using mixed refrigerant was almost nearer that of the system using R134a as refrigerant. The coefficient of performance of the vapour compression refrigeration system using mixed refrigerant MR-3 [R134a/R290/ R600a/ R600 (20/35/40/5)] is having very close value with R134a and the Global warming potential of MR-3 is negligible when compared with R134a. Hence the mixed refrigerant MR-3 is chosen as an environmental friendly alternate refrigerant to R134a. The exergy analysis of the vapour compression refrigeration system using R134a and all the above mixtures are investigated. The effect of evaporator temperature on exergy efficiency and exergy destruction ratio of the system are experimentally studied. The exergy defect in the compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator are also obtained.
Key words: R134a, Mixed refrigerant, Chlorofluorocarbons, Propane, Butane, Isobutene, REFPROP, COP, ODP, GWP, Exergy, VCR System.
Assessment of Air Quality in Commercial Places of Chennai through Air Quality Index
Authors: Ravinder R. , Kesavan R. , Thilagaraj P.
Published: July 2014

Air quality indices are used for local and regional air quality management in many metro cities of the world. The present investigation was carried out to find the significance of air pollutant concentrations at commercial areas of Chennai. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) were analyzed over two sites namely T.Nagar and Kilpauk in Chennai. Both the sampling stations selected are located in commercial areas. Several concepts and indicators exist to measure and rank the urban areas in terms of their socio-economic infrastructure and environment related parameters. In this paper an air quality index (AQI) considering the combined level of three criteria pollutants (oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, and Respirable suspended particulate matter ) is proposed.
Design and Development of Assistive Leg for Lower Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Sribalaji C.A. , Abhishek S. , Harisubramanyabalaji S.P. , Dash Anjan Kumar
Published: July 2014

The main objective of this paper is to design and develop an assistive leg for the paralyzed patients, which supports them, by changing their paralyzed gait pattern to normal gait pattern. The normal gait pattern is achieved by reflex action. Two angle measurement sensors are mounted in the normal leg and two servo motors are mounted in the paralytic leg-at the hip and ankle. The principle is that as the person takes a step in his normal leg, the sensors detect the amount of leg movement and sent the data to microcontroller. Then the servo motors in the paralytic leg are actuated based on the commands from the microcontroller depending on the type of gait suitable for the person. It is observed in such patients that they follow three kinds of gait. Depending on the amount of normal leg movement the gait pattern is decided and the servo motors rotate to move the paralytic leg. During all these, the person still takes the help from the walking aid.
Development and Characterization of AZ31B Mg Alloy Using Powder Metallurgy Technique Followed by Hot Extrusion
Authors: Anish R. , Pragash M.S. , Singh G. Robert
Published: July 2014

In this study AZ31B Mg alloy is developed by powder metallurgy route followed by hot extrusion. The extruded materials were characterized for microstructure, X-ray diffraction (XRD), density, porosity and mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, impact and micro hardness. The SEM analysis of fractured surface of AZ31B Mg alloy showed quasi-cleavage fracture mode.
Power System Loadability Maximization by Optimal Placement of Multiple-Type FACTS Devices Using PSO Based GUI
Authors: Prasath R. Arun , Vimalraj M. , Ahamed M. Riyas , Rao K. Srinivasa
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a graphical user interface (GUI) uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is used to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi type Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in complex power systems. The GUI toolbox, offers user to choose a power system network, PSO settings and the type and number of FACTS devices for the selected network. In this paper, three different FACTS devices are implemented: SVC, TCSC and TCPST. FACTS devices are used to increase the system loadability, by reducing power flow on overloaded lines, transmission line losses, improving system stability and security. With this can make the transmission system more energy-efficient. PSO used here for optimally allocating and sizing the multiple type FACTS in a standardized power network (IEEE 30 bus system) in order to improve voltage profile, minimizing power system total losses and maximizing system loadability with respect to the size of FACTS.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Zirconia Reinforced Alumina by Powder Forming Process Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Elsen S. Renold , Ramesh T. , Aravinth B.
Published: July 2014

Powder forming process is used for fabrication of bulk ceramic components. Optimization of powder forming process parameters in the fabrication of alumina-zirconia composite used in orthopedic implants is done for desired physical property. In this research work, process parameters such as composition of zirconia, compaction pressure and sintering temperature were analyzed using Response Surface Method (RSM). The physical properties such as density, porosity and water absorption characteristics of the proposed composite were studied. To study the influence of the different process parameters over the physical properties of the fabricated composites materials, experimental runs were framed by using Box behnken method. Three factors and two levels were selected with a total of 17 runs and their consecutive tests were carried out. The validity of the model was checked and the significant parameters were identified using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that the sintering temperature is influencing predominantly the physical properties of composites compared to other process parameters.
Solution of Economic Dispatch Problems with Smooth and Non Smooth Cost Function Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Darsana S.R. , Dhayalini K. , Sathiyamoorthy S.
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with solution of economic dispatch problem with smooth and non smooth cost function. With practical consideration, ED will have non smooth cost functions with equality and inequality constraints that make the problem, a large-scale highly constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Here particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to solve economic dispatch. PSO based algorithm is easy to implement and it performs well on optimization problem. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method it is being applied to test ED problems, with smooth and non smooth cost functions. Comparison with lagrangian relaxation method showed the superiority of the proposed approach to check the efficiency, studies have been performed for 6 generating unit with smooth cost function. Numerical simulations indicate an improvement in total fuel cost savings.
Neural Network Predictive Controller Based Nonlinearity Identification Case Study: Nonlinear Process Reactor - CSTR
Authors: Shyamalagowri M. , Rajeswari R.
Published: July 2014

In the last decades, a substantial amount of research has been carried out on identification of nonlinear processes. Dynamical systems can be better represented by nonlinear models, which illustrate the global behavior of the nonlinear process reactor over the entire range. CSTR is highly nonlinear chemical reactor. A compact and resourceful model which approximates both linear and nonlinear component of the process is of highly demand. Process modeling is an essential constituent in the growth of sophisticated model-based process control systems. Driven by the contemporary economical needs, developments in process design point out that deliberate operation requires better models. The neural network predictive controller is very efficient to identify complex nonlinear systems with no complete model information. Closed loop method is preferred because it is sensitive to disturbances, no need identify the transfer function model of an unstable system. In this paper identification nonlinearities for a nonlinear process reactor CSTR is approached using neural network predictive controller. KEYWORDS Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Multi Input Multi Output, Neural Networks, Chebyshev Neural Networks, Predictive Controller.
An Intelligent and Efficient Wireless Classroom Management System
Authors: Srinivasan A. , Swaminathan S. , Ramasamy K.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this paper is to propose works by analysing, the data sent from the admin through Wi-Fi and provides acknowledgement to the admin through the same system used for communication. The reason why Wi-Fi has been ,used for broad-casting the data is that today’s conventional educational institutions have Wi-Fi facility in their campus for providing internet connectivity to the students. Broad-casting is done by sending the data to all the access points by accessing the broadcast ID of the network in which this system is to be implemented. Hence the same Wi-Fi system can be used to broadcast the message from administrator to classrooms and vice-versa.
Experimental Investigation of Buckling Length of CFS Lipped Channel Beams under Restrained Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kandasamy R. , Thenmozhi R.
Published: July 2014

Effective length factor of CFS lipped channel beams subjected to flexure are given in AS/NSZ 4600, Euro code Part 1.3 and BS 5950, Part V taking into account their buckling phenomena. The coefficients are given for boundary conditions considering the effect of torsion and warping restraint. The effect of torsion and warping restraints is treated by defining the range of values for the coefficients. Lateral torsion buckling of the CFS beams greatly influences the effective length factors. 16 CFS lipped channel beams have been taken for the study with depth of 100mm, flange width 50mm and lip size varies from 10mm to 20mm.Experimental investigation has been carried out to verify the coefficients for the defined boundary conditions. The influence of flange width and lip size on the buckling length has been investigated. The results are compared with the Indian code provisions for hot rolled beams.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis on Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel Using Coated Carbide Insert
Authors: Srithar A. , Palanikumar K. , Durgaprasad B.
Published: July 2014

Hard turning is one of the important operations for hardened steels and it has more benefits than grinding such as cycle time, process flexibility, and better surface finish at significantly better material removal rate and lesser environment issues. Although the machining process is performed with low feed rate and depths of cut, it results lesser machining time as compared with conventional turning. This paper discusses the machining performance tests on the AISI D2 hardened steel to 64 HRC were carried out using chemical vapor deposition ( cvd) coated carbide insert. Experiments are carried out on lathe using the cutting conditions prefixed. The responses studied in the investigation are cutting forces (fx, fy, and fz) and. The cutting parameters considered for the investigation are feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed. The performance of machining parameters on response is studied and presented in detail. In chip morphology study results different formation and types of chips operating under various cutting conditions.
Effect of Lamina Fiber Orientation on Tensile and Free Vibration (by Impulse Hammer Technique) Properties of Coconut Sheath/Sansevieria cylindrica Hybrid Composites
Authors: Bennet C. , Rajini N. , Winowlin Jappes J.T. , Venkatesh A. , Harinarayanan S. , Vinothkumar G.
Published: July 2014

This work addresses the effect of intermediate lamina orientation and chemical treatment of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites on tensile and free vibration properties. Two different form of fibers such as Sansevieria cylindrica (SCF) in the form of loosely separated and coconut sheath (CS) in the form of naturally available woven mat have been chosen for hybrid reinforcement in polyester matrix resin. The compression molding technique was used to fabricate the composites with the help of specially designed mold for fiber orientation. By keeping the overall weight percentage of hybrid composites constant (40 wt %), the long fiber SCF was sandwiched between two CS. The hybrid composites were fabricated the with five different intermediate lamina orientation (i.e, 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) using SCF. The tensile strength and free vibration properties were analyzed for all the fabricated composites according to the ASTM standard and impulse hammer technique.The change in orientation of intermediate lamina have shown significant effect on both tensile and vibration properties. The potassium permanganate (KMnO4) chemical treatment was also carried out for the optimum oriented angle laminate. The chemical treatment shows the siginificant enhancement in both the properties compared to the untreated condition.
Effect of Fiber Loading and Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Coconut Sheath Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Santhanam K. , Kumaravel A.
Published: July 2014

In the present work coconut sheath fiber has been used to prepare the composite material with epoxy resin. First the untreated coconut fiber was used to prepare the composite material then the coconut sheath fibers were treated with NAOH to modify the fiber properties. Then the effect of fiber loading and alkali treatment were evaluated and investigated. The mechanical properties of alkali treated fibers found to be higher than the untreated coconut sheath fiber reinforced composite materials. The water absorption properties of alkali treated fibers were found to be higher than the untreated coconut sheath fiber reinforced composite materials.
Delamination Analysis in Drilling of Coir-Polyester Composites Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Balaji N.S. , Jayabal S. , Kalyana Sundaram S. , Rajamuneeswaran S. , Suresh P.
Published: July 2014

Drilling of fiber reinforced composite materials presents a plethora of questions to the engineers and scientists. A number of research endeavors have been made in the recent years to fully characterize the drilling process of fiber reinforced composite materials. The efforts have been made in the direction of optimization of the operating variables and conditions for minimizing the drilling induced damages. This paper presented the delamination analysis of drilled holes in coir fiber-reinforced polyester composites. The results indicated that the delamination factor in coir fiber-reinforced composites is lower comparing with glass fiber reinforced composites.
Tribological and Mechanical Behavior Study of Al6061-TiB2 Metal Matrix Composites Using Stir Casting
Authors: Suresh S. , Moorthi N. Shenbaga Vinayaga , Prema C. Emmy
Published: July 2014

Metal matrix composites, produced by stir casting method, have more advantages when compared to other methods. Aluminium alloy Al6061 was reinforced with various percentages of TiB2 particles by using high energy stir casting method. The characterization was performed through EDS and SEM. The mechanical behaviours like hardness, tensile and wear were investigated. Wear experiments were conducted by using a pin-on-disc wear tester at varying load to evaluate the tribological property of Al6061-TiB2 composite. The wear mechanism was studied through SEM. In this study revealed that the addition of TiB2 improves the wear resistance of aluminium composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, wear resistance and hardness increased by the percentage of TiB2 present in the samples when compared with base aluminium alloy.
Experimental Study on Edge Trimming of Unidirectional CFRP Composites
Authors: Prakash R. , Krishnaraj V.
Published: July 2014

Composites find lot of applications in aerospace, defence, automotive and medical industries due to its high strength to stiffness and weight ratio. After the composites are demoulded, trimming the edges is the first machining operation to be carried out. The heterogeneity and anisotropy of the composite materials make machining difficult and accompanied with different damages. The accuracy of the surface profile is one of the important components of both dimensional and geometric accuracy and play a significant role in achieving overall product quality because it is often directly related to the product’s functional performance. The defects in the free edges are mainly influenced by the machining parameters (such as speed, feed, depth of cut and fibre orientation) and the type of machining (orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting). This paper presents some observations like feed force, normal force and surface roughness made on the orthogonal and oblique cutting of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
An Experimental Evaluation of Static Strength and Fatigue Life on Composite Patch Repaired AA2024-T4 Plate
Authors: Mathan V. , Roji S. Sheeju Selva , Moses J. Jebeen
Published: July 2014

AA2024-T4 Al substrate with and without bonded E-glass/Epoxy patches were undergone for the experimental study of tensile strength and fatigue behavior. The Al substrates were machined to edge cracked specimens. The strength of the substrate was decreased due to the presence of crack when compared with un-cracked Al substrate. The patches were made in liquid epoxy resin instead of film adhesives and it was discovered that the both static strength and fatigue life were significantly increased for bonded composite patches. Different ply patches were applied on the cracked Al substrates and it was noted that the 9ply patch demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing static failure and increasing fatigue life of the cracked substrates
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Dispersed Al 7075 Micro- and Nanocomposite
Authors: Karunanithi R. , Ghosh K.S. , Bera Supriya
Published: July 2014

Micro-TiO2 and nanoTiO2 dispersed Al 7075 composites have been synthesized by mechanical milling followed by cold compaction and sintering. The compressibility of the nanocomposites is less than the micro composite, but sintered density of the nanocomposite is higher that the microcomposite. Nanocomposite shows better hardness than microcomposite. However, both types of composites do not show artificial ageing characteristics like unreinforced Al 7075 alloy. Microstructural analysis through XRD and TEM reveals that the formation of MgTiO3 and ZnO near TiO2-Al 7075 matrix interface causes depletion of Mg and Zn in the Al 7075 matrix. This suppresses GP zone formation and shows almost no age hardenable characteristic. Potentiodynamic electrochemical polarisation study shows that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) has shifted towards noble direction with the addition of TiO2 in the composite.
Influence of Process Parameters on Delamination of Drilling of (GF/PC) Glass Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Matrix Composites
Authors: Srinivasan T. , Palanikumar K. , Rajagopal K.
Published: July 2014

Drilling is an important and final operation in the assembly of structural components of aircraft and automobiles. This paper determines the influence of cutting forces in the drilling of GF/PC composites. An assembly, the quality of the drilled holes highly affects the joint of two or more structural components. Drilling of glass fiber composite materials is a vital task for manufacturers. The best methodology for achieving good quality holes during the drilling of glass fiber reinforced plastics is by identify of the cutting forces. Improper cutting forces lead to the damage of composite materials. This paper studies the influence of various feed rate on thrust force, spindle speed and drill bit geometry using Brad and spur drills. This experimental result shows that delamination fully depends on the feed rate. The experimental results have been clearly explained with the help of 3D response graph and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images.
Development of AA6061/SiCp Metal Matrix Composites by Conventional Stir Casting and Ultrasonic Assisted Casting Routes – A Comparative Study
Authors: Poovazhagan L. , Kani Kalaichelvan , Balaji V.R. , Ganesh P. , Avudaiappan A. Kali
Published: July 2014

The major problem associated with the fabrication of cast metal matrix composites is the agglomeration tendency of the particles in the metal matrix. The agglomeration of the particles in the metal matrix greatly reduces the mechanical properties of the fabricated composite materials. In this work, to reduce the agglomeration tendency of SiC particles in Al matrix, different weight percentages of SiC particles reinforced Al composites were fabricated by the conventional stir casting and the ultrasonic cavitation assisted casting routes. Results indicate that in both the methods, particle distribution was uniform upto certain weight percentage after that agglomeration of particles were observed. The mechanical properties of the as-cast composites were superior to that of the as-cast alloys. Composites fabricated by the ultrasonic cavitation method showed slightly better mechanical properties than the composites fabricated by the conventional stir casting route. From the consolidated results it was also observed that 10 weight % of SiCp reinforced composite fabricated by the ultrasonic cavitation method yields the better mechanical properties when compared to the other composites fabricated in this study. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Stir Casting, Ultrasonic Cavitation, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, Comparative Study
Thermal Stress and Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates
Authors: Sugirtha Singh Monslin , Thangaratnam Kari
Published: July 2014

— Finite element formulation for Functionally Graded Material (FGM) square plates subjected to Thermal loads are presented. The plate is assumed to be having linear temperature rise through the thickness. The power law distribution model is assumed for the composition of the FGM material along the thickness. A software program “COMSAP” has been developed using Semiloof shell element formulation and validation checks are carried out using the results available in the related literature. Results for thermal stress and thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plates are reported.
Characterization of Electroless Nickel Phosphorus Nylon 66 Composite Coating on Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Jayaraj M. , Siddharthan Arjunan
Published: July 2014

Electroless nickel phosphorous-Nylon 66 composite coating was done on low carbon steel. The incorporation of nylon particles in electroless nickel phosphorous coating is conformed from Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. EN nylon composite coating shows high coating thickness and corrosive strength than EN coating for similar condition. Nylon particle were evenly distributed in EN matrix and contributed to corrosion resistance of the coating.
Review on Nano Fabrication and Application
Authors: Solairajan A. Saravanapandi , Alexraj S. , Kumar P. Ganesh , Rajan P. Vijaya
Published: July 2014

Nanoscience is primarily deals with synthesis, exploration, exploitation and of nanostructured materials. Those materials are characterized by at least one dimension in the nanometer range. Particles of “nano” size have been shown to exhibit enhanced or novel properties including reactivity, thermal properties, greater sensing capability, electrical conductivity and increased mechanical strength. These nanotechnique offers clean, simple, fast, economic, and efficient for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, have provided the momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional method. In this article an attempt was made to focus on what is nanomaterials, how is it generated and what all the importance it may have are and the important applications.