bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF HEMATOXYLIN & EOSIN (H&E) STAINING AND PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF-ALCIAN BLUE (PAS-AB) HISTOCHEMISTRY IN ESOPHAGEAL BIOPSIES IN TERMS OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA
Authors: ERTENER Özge , FINDIK GÜVENDİ Gülname , ADALI Yasemen
Published: September 2021

Barret esophagus is considered as a precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinomas. Histopathological examination is required for the barret esophagus, where endoscopic examination takes an important place. Intestinal metaplasia is revealed with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and alcian blue (AB) in histopathological examinations. There are 2 different opinions on this issue. One of them is to perform histochemical examination for AB or PAS-AB when intestinal metaplasia is suspected in routine H&E staining, while the other is to perform histochemical examination for routine AB or Periodic acid schiff alcian blue (PAS-AB) in all esophageal biopsies with H&E section. This study aims to reveal the roles of H&E and AB staining methods in the assessment of intestinal metaplasia.
200 esophageal endoscopic biopsies were included in the study. Sections of the biopsies were re-evaluated blindly by two pathologists. H&E and PAS-AB stains were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity.
In statistical analysis, a strong correlation was found between H&E and AB in the evaluation of intestinal metaplasia (Kendall, p = 0.00; r = 0, 81). In H&E evaluation, sensitivity is 79%, specificity 100%, positive predictivity 100%, negative predictivity 82.6%, while sensitivity is 100%, specificity 100%, positive predictivity 100%, negative predictivity 100% in PAS-AB stained sections.
The main goal in the histopathological evaluation of intestinal metaplasia is to detect positive cases. Since absence of intestinal metaplasia means less importance, higher sensitivity and negative predictivity values should be preferred rather than 100% specificity and positive predictivity values observed in H&E sections. Considering these conditions, it seems rational to use an auxiliary histochemistry containing AB.
THE ISRAELI FACTOR IN IRAN-AZERBAIJAN RELATIONS
(2005-2013)
Authors: ISRAYELYAN ARMEN
Published: September 2021

The article deals with Israel’s factor which influences Iran-Azerbaijan relations. The article highlights the following issues when assessing the impact of the Israeli factor on Iran-Azerbaijan relations:
• Represent Israel’s foreign policy priorities on Azerbaijan,
• Assess the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Azerbaijan-Israel cooperation and analyze Iran's policy within this context,
• Analyze Azerbaijan's motives for strengthening cooperation with Israel.
The nuclear program, Iran's missile systems, the Shia factor, the Iranian-speaking peoples of Azerbaijan (Tats, Talish), the activities of Azerbaijani Shia opposition figures, the 760-kilometer border between Azerbaijan and Iran – these are the main factors underlying Israel's policy towards Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan first of all justified the establishment of relations with Israel with the expectation of receiving military-political assistance from Israel in the settlement of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict.
During the presidency of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013), when one of the scenarios for suspending Iran's nuclear program was considered a military attack, the territory of Azerbaijan was considered a platform for attacking Iran. While Baku has made every effort to exclude the Iranian factor in Azerbaijan-Israel military cooperation, the Iranian military-political management has always been skeptical of Baku's assurances, claiming that Israeli drones could easily be used for reconnaissance against Iran.
• During Hassan Rouhani's presidency, as compared with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, positive developments took place in the relations between Azerbaijan and Iran, and bilateral economic cooperation strengthened. In order to weaken Israel's influence in Azerbaijan, Iran replaced its policy of harsh response to Azerbaijan with economic cooperation. Iran was more concerned about the growing influence of Israel in various spheres in Azerbaijan than the use of a possible Israeli threat against Iran from the territory of Azerbaijan, which has always been raised in the past.
• Azerbaijan tried to bring counterargument against Israel-Azerbaijan relations with Armenia-Iran relations.
• In order to weaken Iran's religious influence, Azerbaijan, on the one hand, repressed the country's Shiite opposition figures, and on the other hand, Baku managed to obtain military-political support from Israel by exploiting the Iranian-Shiite "threat".
• According to Iranian experts, the strategic relations between Azerbaijan and Israel have been established in the South Caucasus, in particular due to Iran's wrong policy towards Azerbaijan.
• Currently, if in the Middle East, Iran more or less manages to control the threats appearing from the proxy war with Israel, than on its immediate border Iran is trying to avoid a direct confrontation with Israel. During the Second Artsakh War, the transfer of Israeli UVC of the territory of Iran, and in this regard, Iran's cautious statements are evidence of that.
L'exécution de Suréna: Les Tendances Dans Les Relations de Pouvoir Chez Les Parthes
Authors: Manasserian Rouben
Published: September 2021

Le capitaine Parthe Suréna, victorieux des légions de Crassus fut exécuté par Orodès aussitôt après sa victoire éclatante. L'examen de ce fait portent à révéler les particularité du développement politique de l'Empire Parthe.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE PARTHIAN PAHLAVS' SOCIO-POLITICAL NATURE
Authors: Melikyan Arthur
Published: September 2021

The role of the high aristocracy, the so-called pahlavs, is undeniable in the history of the Parthian state. In the second half of III century BC the assistance of the pahlavs to the Arsacid dynasty considerably contributed to the establishment of the Dahae and organization of their own state in Parthia and Hyrcania. During the following centuries the rises and crises of the political life of the Parthian statehood and even its final decline in the first quarter of the III century was due to the attitude of the Parthian pahlavs towards the Arsacid dynasty. In spite of the key role of the pahlavs, the issues of their ethnic origin, social nature, their number and the relations with the royal power are still poorly studying in historical science. We hope that this article will bring its contribution in studying the history of the Parthian pahlavs.
The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality for English (AR4E) in Vocabulary Learning among Primary 2 Pupils
Authors: Hasbi Amalina Binti , Yunus Melor Md.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents and discusses a part of an action research conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality for English (AR4E) in vocabulary learning among Primary 2 pupils as indicated in the results of the pre-test, post-test and observation checklist. An action research was employed. However, this paper reports on the pre-test, post-test and observation checklist conducted in the observation, evaluation and reflection stages only. Purposive sampling was employed as the participants were of the same proficiency level in which it was carried out with 14 below average Primary 2 pupils in SKTEN. Two data collection instruments which were pre-test, post-test and observation checklist were analysed statistically and thematically. The pre-test and post-test were analysed using SPSS Version 25 and it showed a higher mean score in the post-test and this is supported by the findings obtained through the given themes of observation. The results reflected that the implementation of AR4E has shown a significant improvement in learner’s vocabulary learning. In addition, the findings have also raised the concern regarding the impact of AR4E in encouraging fun learning, collaborative learning and providing the learners with new language learning experience. Accordingly, the use of AR4E is recommended in vocabulary teaching and learning for English. Finally, the researcher suggests future research can be carried out taking into account differentiated learning tasks in AR4E, larger target users and different language skills to be integrated in AR4E.
Gandhian Way of Education: M.K. Gandhi’s Educational Philosophy in R.K. Narayan’s Swami and Friends
Authors: Piyush B. Chaudhary
Published: September 2021

M.K. Gandhi is a unique paradox. He has been sanctified and idolised for his beliefs and teachings and at the same time has been assumed as an impractical idealist. On the contrary his educational philosophy has been highly practical and in the ever-changing times and challenges of the 21st century, it becomes pertinent to explore it.Education is the facilitator of humanity. It is precisely this understanding of education that Gandhi propounds in his philosophical understanding of the same. The roots of all evils lie in ignorance of education and the roots of all virtuousness lies in adherence to it.R.K. Narayan (1906-2001) and M.K. Gandhi (1869-1948) were two major figures of the 20th century India, owing to the former’s literary and the latter’s political and philosophical sensibilities. Gandhi's ideas and ideals regarding education are multi-faceted. For him education has multiple aims and objectives. For him education is not only a means to serve an individual or a national cause but goes on to serve the still larger cause of humanity. It is this aspect of his teachings which will remain the focal point of this paper. The novel Swami and Friends (1935) is written in the characteristic Narayanian vein which refuses to evolve and incorporate serious issues on the surface. Though primarily it appears to be apolitical and plain in style, the novel nonetheless exhibits some serious issues related to education. Efforts would be made in the paper to show how the educational system portrayed in the novel is in stark contrast to the educational philosophy and the ideals for which Gandhi pined throughout his life. The paper would hence attempt to delineate the Gandhian educational philosophy by placing it in and around the critique of education that R.K. Narayan offers in his debut novel Swami and Friends (1935).
A Comparative Study of Magic Realism in Works of Neil Gaiman and Angela Carter
Authors: Mahesh Chandra Tiwari
Published: September 2021

Since the release of Gabriel Garciá Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, Magical Realism has been in favour as a narrative style or genre in adult fiction. The representation of the genre in children’s and juvenile literature, on the other hand, is a recent trend; the components of the genre have been tracked and proven to be genuinely important in the interpretation of current children’s fiction, such as David Almond’s Skelling (1998). The aim of this paper is to look at the elements of magical realism in Neil Gaiman’s Coraline and Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus works in this respect.
Epic Woman Stepping into Reality: Depiction of Draupadi with a Feminist Lens with Reference to Three Indian Novels
Authors: Prof. Prajakta S. Raut
Published: September 2021

Lower status of women is a stain on any society. The problem is becoming glaring in India in the wake of atrocities caused against women ‘from womb to tomb’. Even in this twenty first century, the impact of manuvadi ideology is getting evidently felt. ‘A thinking woman spoils everything’ is still the mindset. Maladies like honour killing, bride burning are still gloating over the security of women in the wake of the internalized mindset of patriarchal dictum, viz. ‘A woman does not deserve any freedom’ (Na stri swatantryam arhati). Since time immemorial, she was always taken for granted though she had never remained silent. The depiction of Draupadi in various writings underscores woman’s protest against male dichotomy and her refusal to live by disabling definitions that mark women as inferior.
Assessment of antibacterial potentials of violacein extract from Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from domestic and recreational water sources in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Lovelyn Chinyeaka Ugenyi  , Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim  , Henry Chidozie Amah  , Chizaram Winners Ndubueze
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the antibacterial potentials of violacein extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from domestic and recreational water sources in Owerri, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from different locations of the domestic water sources, five different swimming pools, and three borehole stations using sterile amber bottles. The isolation of C. violaceum was done using pour plate method on nutrient agar. The violet colonies of C. violaceum were counted, characterized and identified using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. The mean viable bacterial counts were high. Water sample from Otamiri station-1 have the highest bacterial count (200 × 101 CFU/ml and 19.50 × 101 CFU/ml) respectively. Swimming pool 1 and 3 bacterial counts were (4.50 × 101 CFU/ml, 11 × 101 CFU/ml and 11.50 × 101 CFU/ml) respectively. For borehole 1, 2 and 3, swimming pool 2, 4 and 5, counts were (0.00 × 101 CFU/ml). Ethanolic extraction of violacein from C. violaceum was performed from a 48-hour culture broth. The sensitivity of the bacteria isolates to violacein was assayed on nutrient agar and nutrient broth by agar diffusion and broth dilution methods respectively. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to the violacein extract at various concentrations, except MRSA that showed resistance to the violacein at 2.19mg/ml for extract from recreational water isolate and at 17.5mg/ml to 2.19mg/ml for extract from domestic water isolates. Conclusively, violacein has the potential to be used as an antibacterial compound for treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.
The influence of participatory assistance and organizational culture on strengthening social capital of Buddhist cooperative
Authors: Setyoko Rahmad
Published: September 2021

The social capital of an organization strengthens mutually beneficial cooperation to achieve common goals. This research aims to analyze the influence of participatory assistance and organizational culture on strengthening the Buddhist Cooperative's social capital. This research employs a quantitative approach with an ex post facto method. The sample was 77 members of Cooperative Maju Makmur Sampetan, and data were collected by using a questionnaire. Findings show that participatory assistance and organizational culture significantly influence strengthening the social capital of Buddhist Cooperative. Based on the regression analysis, it shows that there is a positive and significant influence of participatory assistance on social capital, which is equal to 44.5%. Organizational culture also has a positive and significant influence on social capital, with a determination of 32.1%. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis results show that both variables simultaneously influence strengthening social capital, with the coefficient of determination by 76.6%. Thus, participatory assistance and organizational culture have a positive effect on strengthening social capital of Buddhist Cooperative.
Cengiz Han ve Evlatları Dönemindeki Merkezileştirme Faaliyetleri
Authors: Yuvalı Abdulkadir
Published: September 2021

"Genghis Khan is the genius of the century he lived in and the founder of the greatest known political establishment in human history. In addition, the name Mongolian-Turkish Empire has been used since the beginning of this great empire founded by Genghis Khan, which was based on the Turkish state tradition. Horse-riding (equestrian) nomadic lifestyle that has been practiced for centuries in this geography has been the cultural and political basis of this empire. However, over time, they took their place in history as established political organizations. Therefore, this period is defined as the centralization period of the Mongolian-Turkish Empire. Genghis Khan’s childhood passed with troubles and his youth with unimaginable struggles. It is because Timuçin did not experience a life preparing him to the throne, like the children of rulers. Genghis Khan’s struggle was with his own tribe and boy, budun and other tribes in the region. In the following period, he organized an expedition on the Chinese Empire, which was a source of threat, danger and even booty for the horse-riding-nomadic peoples in Central Asia, and subsequently, he launched a western expedition. Genghis Khan, while still alive, shared his country among his sons by the method of Ulus Verme. Genghis Khan’s practice of centralization became more systematic during the periods of his son Ögedey Khan and his grandson Mengü Khan. The struggles between the sons of Cuci and the sons of Tuluy in the West, namely the Golden Horde-Ilhanli, following are themes touched upon in this study. Because the Ilkhanate, Byzantine and Papacy were forming a bloc politically in the Western world and a similar bloc formation occurred between the Golden Horde, Seljuks of Turkey and Mamluks in Egypt in the same period."
Japon Siyasi Tarihinde Cengiz Han ve Moğollar
Authors: Doğrul Mürsel
Published: September 2021

"Today, Japan's political culture is represented by peace-lover (pacifist), economic and aesthetic imagery. With the exception of certain historical periods, the Japanese archipelago is known for its many cultural values such as Samurai, Buddhism, Shintoism and ikebana as the cradle of aesthetics and art. On the other hand, the non-aesthetic and non-cultural concept that comes to mind with Japan is “kamikaze” (suicide bomber). The term appeared in Japanese political history during World War II, when the Japanese armies made suicide plunges from the air to the enemy's naval forces. However, the deep meaning and concept of kamikaze can be traced back to the history of Mongo-Japanese relations. Imperial historical literature in Japan brings us with the assertion that Genghis Khan was a Japanese. Moreover, Japan is also said to be the architect of Mongolian nationalism, which is shaped by the perception of Genghis Khan today. Entitling the Japanese suicide operations as kamikaze towards the end of the Pacific War between the United States and Japan can be thought as an attempt to transmit a divine mission to these attacks. The divine meaning of the kamikaze for the Japanese brings along unstudied considerations. The main objective of this study is to reveal the contemporary impressions of Genghis Khan's legacy in Japan. This study deals with the phenomenon of Genghis Khan and his effects with an eclectic method, focusing on his effects on the political history of the Japanese rather than historical periodicity."
Nesebname-i Müluk (Moğol Kısmı) Ve Muizzü’l- Ensab’ın Biçim Ve İçerik Açısından Mukayesesi
Authors: Alan Hayrunnisa
Published: September 2021

"Nesebname-i Müluk or Şu’ab-ı Pencgâne is a genealogical work which is to be found in the corpus of the famous vizier of Ilkhanate, Rashid al-Din Fazl Allah. This work contains the names of the rulers and their families in world history alongside partial descriptions, including ancestors and caliphs of Prophet Muhammed, rulers of Khitai, Kaisers (rulers of Europe), ancestors and descendants of Genghis Khan, rulers of Bene Israel. His access to historical information about China, the Islamic world, Byzantine, Turkish and Mongol and to include them in the narrative was made possible by Rashid al-Din’s service as a statesman and historian at the Ilkhanate court. The additional part regarding Jewish history is related to Rashid al-Din’s background. In the work, the nations of Noah’s sons and human beings are divided into different branches, the names of the rulers of each branch are mentioned and the ancestors and descendants of Genghis Khan are included as an important part of this whole. Thus, the Mongolian dynasties were defined as legitimate dynasties in accordance with Islamic historiography within world history. The way the names in the pedigree are written (writing in a round or square frame, ink color, etc.) reinforces the theme of legitimizing the Cengiz lineage. Shu’ab has been both a source and an example for the Muizzü’l-ensab prepared in the Timurid palace in terms of form and content. The reproduction of the work in the Timurid palace reflects the perceptions and realities of the Timurid period and is a valuable example of the transfer and updating of tradition. The Muizzü’l-ensab produced in the Timurid court is anonymous and is not as large as the genealogy in the Reşidüddin’s corpus; it is limited to the lineage of Genghis Khan and Emir Timur and the officers who served them. Muizz serves the legitimacy of the Timurid rulers."
İlhanlı - Celâyirli -Timurlu Görsel Sanatlarında Devamlılık
Authors: Bağcı Serpil
Published: September 2021

"This study aims to discuss the interrelation between Ilkhanid, Jalayirid and Timurid artists and works of art. It first focuses on a sixteenth-century text, now in the Topkapı Palace Museum Library, which was written by the Safavid artist Dust Muhammad as a preface to an album that he compiled. According to Dust Muhammad, the artists who worked for Ilkhanid rulers continued to produce under Jalayirid patrons and trained younger generation of artists. This continuous artistic genealogy evidently resulted in pictorial conventions shared between generations. The second part of the study deals with the tradition of book illustration passed down from Ilkhanids to Jalayirids and focuses on an unfinished Jalayirid Shāhnāma produced for Shaykh Uvays. The manuscript survived through its illustrations pasted onto the leaves of another Topkapı Palace album. These extant paintings are closely related to an Ilkhanid Shāhnāma datable to 1330-35. Both the iconographic preferences and stylistic affinity illustrate the continuity between the two artistic traditions. The remains of the Jalayirid Shāhnāma served as a pictorial source for another copy of the text produced almost fifty years later. The Timurid prince Baysunghur b. Shahrukh carried this unfinished work to Herat around 1420, and his artists re-interpreted these images as the model for his Shāhnāma completed in 1430. These three illustrated Shāhnāma copies exemplify the survival of the artistic heritage of the Ilkhanids in Jalayirid and Timurid courts."
Artificial recharge through treated waste water
Authors: Anita Dubey
Published: September 2021

Artificial recharge is a process where water is introduced into the subsurface and is directly linked to the amount of water that enters an aquifer through human controlled means. Water that has been negatively affected in quality by human is termed as wastewater and it must be treated before it is used for artificial recharge of the ground water. The growth rate of various development sectors of the country is dependent on the availability of water resources therefore conservation, reclamation and reuse of water are receiving great importance.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Irozuru Chioma E. Irozuru , Olugbodi Janet O. , Arunsi Uche Okuu , Ladeji Olusola
Published: September 2021

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals
Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology
Authors: Fairman Ciaran M , Christensen Jesper F
Published: September 2021

Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology

Ciaran M Fairman1 and Jesper F Christensen()2,3 

1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA
2Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
3Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

© The Authors

 
Abstract
The field of exercise oncology has rapidly evolved over the past 30 years. Initial investigations of safety and feasibility have progressed towards efficacy and effectiveness trials with a variety of health-related outcomes in mind. More recently, it has been recognized that interventions aimed at modifying physical activity behavior (i.e. behavioral interventions to increase participation in un/structured physical activity) are distinctly different from those aiming to target a clinically relevant outcome (using a specific exercise prescription). There is a strong rationale for the latter, where cancer/treatment toxicities can result in musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and/or hematological declines with important prognostic implications. Treatment intolerance, unfavorable tumor response and heightened risk of mortality are all consequences of leaving these impairments unaddressed. Importantly, the control/reversal of the decline in these systems is more likely to occur through a targeted exercise prescription, specifically designed to target the impairment, rather than interventions trying to change behavior. This requires careful consideration in the study design in exercise oncology in relation to the selection of clinically relevant outcomes, decisions on methods of assessments and ensuring the exercise is targeted to the outcome.
    The objective of this review is to 1) conceptualize and provide a clinical rationale for targeted exercise interventions in exercise oncology, and 2) provide a framework for consideration in the design and execution in targeted exercise interventions in oncology. We hope that this framework can encourage research into targeted exercise interventions in oncology and that our framework can be used to inform the design of future trials.
Effect of Problem Based Instruction Model Based on Learning Video and Educational Games Media on the Self Efficacy of Students of Class X SMK N 17 Jakarta
Authors: Sitohang Gabriella Jessi , Sumiati Ati , Susanti Santi
Published: September 2021

This study discusses the differences in self-efficacy of class X students at SMK N 17 Jakarta from the application of the PBI learning model with the help of two different learning media. The media used in this research are learning videos which applied to the experimental class and educational games (quizizz) in the control class. The limitations of the problem in this study include, the broad scope only includes information obtained from the results of the application of the PBI learning model with two different media on student self-efficacy, the information presented, includes : application of the PBI learning model with learning video media and educational games, differences in student self-efficacy. The purpose of the study was to find evidence of whether there was a difference in student self-efficacy after the implementation of the PBI learning model with the help of two different media. Based on the data hypothesis test conducted by comparing the scores of the self-efficacy between the experimental class and the control class, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the students' self-efficacy in both classes. The average score of self-efficacy in the experimental class is higher than the control class, so that in the future the use of learning video media can be one of the best alternative during the implementation of PBI learning model to support student self-efficacy.
Tingkat Kepatuhan Perawat Bedah dalam Penyimpanan Alat Reusable dengan Tehnik First In First Out
Authors: Firsia Sastra Putri Desak Made , . Ratniasih
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan:: Penyimpanan instrumen atau alat pakai ulang merupakan faktor yang penting dalam menjaga sterilitas instrumen. Pada proses penyimpanan inilah dimungkinkan terjadinya kontaminasi. Kontaminasi dapat disebabkan karena penyimpanan yang tidak benar, atau terjadi cemaran dari udara luar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepatuhan perawat bedah dalam penyimpanan alat reusable dengan tehnik first in first out di ruang OK IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.

Metode: Desain Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode observasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 17 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan sampel 17 orang.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 9 responden (52,9%) patuh dan sebanyak 8 responden (47,1%) tidak patuh.

Simpulan: sebagian besar perawat bedah sudah patuh dalam penyimpanan alat reusable dengan tehnik first in first out di ruang OK IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.
Pengaruh Management Control Terhadap Penerapan Standar Gloving di OK IGD RSUP Sanglah
Authors: Gede Yenny Apriani Desak , Alit Puspa Dewi Ni Wayan
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Teknik closed gloving merupakan metode terbaik untuk mencegah kontaminasi selama memakai sarung tangan steril. Teknik closed gloving dijadikan sebagai standar gloving di kamar operasi. Penerapan standar gloving di kamar operasi sangat penting untuk dilakukan dan diperlukan sistem yang mampu membuat standar ini tetap berjalan yaitu dengan adanya controlling. Salah satu yang mampu melakukan pengawasan terhadap penerapan standar ini  adalah perawat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh management control terhadap penerapan standar gloving di OK IGD RSUP Sanglah.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah pre experiment dengan post test design with control group. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel adalah 24 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol sebanyak 12 orang dan kelompok intervensi sebanyak 12 orang. Management control diberikan hanya pada kelompok intervensi. Data penerapan standar gloving  dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square.

Hasil:Berdasarkan uji statistik yang menggunakan uji Chi Square didapatkan p value sebesar 0,001 dengan p value  yang kurang dari 0,05 maka hipotesis  diterima.

Simpulan: terdapat pengaruh management control terhadap penerapan standar gloving di OK IGD RSUP Sanglah
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus Anak Prasekolah di TK Tunas Mekar I
Authors: Sri Ariyanti Kadek , Ning Utami Lakitha
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Perkembangan fisik yang dapat dilihat pada anak adalah perkembangan motorik halus yang berkesinambungan sesuai dengan usia anak dan berkaitan dengan perkembangan otak anak. Oleh karena itu pendidikan seorang ibu sangat berperan penting dalam mengasuh anak terutama dalam tahap perkembangan anaknya. Pengetahuan ibu yang baik akan menghasilkan anak yang sehat dan perkembangannya sesuai dengan umurnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu terhadap perkembangan motorik halus anak prasekolah dan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik ibu serta tingkat pengetahuan ibu.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian korelatif dengan pendekatan subjek cross sectional yang dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Mekar 1 Desa Tegaljadi  Marga Tabanan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua anak prasekolah di TK tersebut yang jumlahnya 60 orang. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling.  Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisa korelasi bivariate (Chi Square).

Hasil: Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai Chi kuadrat (²) hitung sebesar 36,923. Hal ini berarti bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel pengetahuan ibu terhadap variabel perkembangan motorik halus anak prasekolah. Selanjutnya nilai koefisien kontingensi (C) adalah sebesar 0,617 yang termasuk dalam kategori hubungan yang kuat.

Simpulan: ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel pengetahuan ibu terhadap variabel perkembangan motorik halus anak prasekolah di TK Tunas Mekar 1 Desa Tegaljadi, Marga, Tabanan.
Intensitas Pelaksanaan Program PIK-R Dan Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi Siswa Di SMA Kabupaten Tabanan Bali Tahun 2017
Authors: Sri Ariyanti Kadek , Dewi Sariyani Made
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Masa remaja merupakan periode kritis. Mereka memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang sangat besar, sehingga sangat rentan terhadap perilaku berisiko. Perilaku berisiko tersebut antara lain penggunaan narkoba dan alkohol, serta hubungan seks pranikah. Proporsi penyalahgunaan narkoba dengan tingkat pendidikan SMA sangat tinggi, yaitu 64% pada tahun 2015. Persentase seks pranikah pada remaja cukup tinggi, yaitu 4,5% pada laki-laki usia 15-19 tahun dan 14,6% pada usia 20-24 tahun. Sedangkan pada remaja perempuan usia 15-19 tahun sekitar 0,7% dan 1,8% pada usia 20-24 tahun. Pemerintah Kabupaten Tabanan Provinsi Bali melaksanakan program kesehatan reproduksi (PIK-R) sejak tahun 2010, namun belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran intensitas pelaksanaan Program PIK-R dan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi siswa di SMA Kabupaten Tabanan.

Metode: Penelitian survei cross sectional dilakukan pada 150 siswa dari tiga SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Tabanan yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PIK-R dan siswa dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden. Intensitas pelaksanaan program PIK-R yang diukur meliputi kegiatan wajib dan tidak wajib. Siswa dikatakan memiliki intensitas yang cukup apabila pernah melakukan kegiatan wajib minimal 1 kali. Perilaku siswa diukur dengan kuesioner. Analisa data dilakukan secara deskriptif.

Hasil: Intensitas pelaksanaan Program PIK-R pada siswa SMA di Kabupaten Tabanan sebagian besar dalam kategori kurang (86,00%). Kegiatan wajib yang paling jarang diikuti adalah penyuluhan ke luar sekolah (80,67%). Sedangkan kegiatan tidak wajib yang paling jarang diikuti adalah jambore PIK-R (86,00%). Perilaku kesehatan reproduksi siswa sebagian besar positif (78%).

Simpulan: Intensitas pelaksanaan Program PIK-R pada siswa SMA di Kabupaten Tabanan masih kurang baik, sedangkan perilaku siswa sebagian besar positif.
Characteristics of Crassostrea Oyster Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (Coi) Gene As Species Identity In Delta Cimanuk, West Java
Authors: Muliani Dian Rezki , Yulianda Fredinan , Butet Nurlisa A
Published: September 2021

Oysters belong to the Crassostrea, which is a type of shellfish that lives as benthos in waters under the same substrate and environmental conditions will exhibit similar morphological changes in response. There are many types of oysters that have a similar shape are often an obstacle to differentiate of Crassostrea species through morphological identification. The purpose of this research was to identify the types of oysters found in the waters of Delta Cimanuk through analysis of the morphology and nucleotide diversity of Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, as basic information on proper management and conservation. The morphological identification results show that there were two species of the Crassostrea. Identification of species through the Barcoding DNA technique shows that there is one type of oyster: Crassostrea iredalei with an accuracy of 99.5%.
Molluscs Combing on The Coast of Karang Hawu, West Java
Authors: Dharma Bunjamin
Published: September 2021

Karang Hawu Beach faces the Indian Ocean, so the presence of mollusks in the area varies widely and can increase in variety due to natural phenomena, such as earthquakes and tsunami outbreaks. The research objective was to obtain gastropods and bivalves (mollusks) by sweeping the Karang Hawu beach, West Java. Samples were collected from the coastal waters of Karang Hawu, West Java using the coastal sweeping method, then the samples were identified. The results showed that there were 3 classes of mollusks, namely: Cephalopod class, Bivalvia class, and Gastropod class with 42 families and 146 species of mollusks. Mollusks, with the highest gastropod class (38 families, 140 species), Bilavia class (3 families, 5 species), and Cephalopod class (1 family, 1 species). Results of the study concluded that based on the Molluscs sweeping the coast of Karang Hawu, West Java, it has a diversity of Molluscs, namely 146 species of mollusks from 3 classes, which were Gastropods, Bivalves, and Cephalopods.
Growth of Oyster Crassostrea Sp Settled on Shell and Stone Collectors
Authors: Yulianda Fredinan , Atmadipura Agus Soleh
Published: September 2021

During a 4-weeks period oyster spat at- tached on shell and stone collectors but not on roofing tile  submerged in estuarine and marine habitats. Collectors made of stone (rough surface) were better than collectors  of shell in terms of number of settled spat. The oyster spat settled at highest density on collectors close tothe sea.  The average growth in terms of weight was significantly different on the two types of collectors. The largest oysters  occurred on shell collectors near the river
Accuracy of Radiographic Displacement Measurement in a Pelvic Ring Injury Model
Authors: Hashmi Sohaib Zafar , Butler Bennet , Johnson Daniel , Wun Kelly , Sherman Alan , Summers Hobie , Stover Michael
Published: September 2021

Background:

Pelvic ring injury outcome studies rely on radiographic assessment. To date, no study investigates the accuracy of radiographic measurement. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and interobserver reliability of pelvic ring displacement measurement in an injury model. We hypothesize that current radiographic measurement methods do not accurately quantify the three-dimensional pelvic ring displacement.

Methods:

Ten orthopaedic traumatologists evaluated 12 pelvic ring injury model displacements using AP, inlet, and outlet radiographs and axial CT images. Observers completed a survey of demographic and treatment approach strategies. Radiographic displacement measurements in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were analyzed for accuracy using. Absolute displacement measurements were categorized with Matta and Tornetta grading system for Fleiss Kappa inter-reliability correlation evaluation.

Results:

The mean age of orthopaedic traumatologists was 47.5 years (range 36 to 59) with a mean 15.3 years (range 4 to 27) of pelvic fracture surgery experience. Radiographic measurement of isolated uniplanar of pelvic displacement in axial, sagittal, or coronal plane alone was more accurate than multiplanar pelvic displacements with more than one plane of displacement, 6.6 ± 5.7 mm error compared with 9.6 ± 6.3 mm error, respectively (P = 0.0035). Measurement accuracy was greater with isolated coronal plane (4 ± 3.5 mm error) compared with isolated axial plane (9.9 ± 7.1 mm error) or isolated sagittal plane displacement (6.7 ± 4 mm error). Interrater reliability for the radiographic displacement measurement by observers showed an overall poor agreement with 0.24.

Conclusion:

Radiographic displacement measurement in these modeled pelvic ring injuries has notable inaccuracy among various measurement methods. Coronal and sagittal plane radiographic displacement measurements are more accurate compared with axial plane measurement. The reporting of radiographic displacement measurement outcomes in clinical research studies should be critically evaluated, and standardization of pelvic ring injury displacement may not be achievable with radiography.

Level of Evidence:

Level V
Diagnosis and Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Plancher Kevin D. , Shanmugam Jaya , Briggs Karen , Petterson Stephanie C.
Published: September 2021

Partial thickness rotator cuff tears (PRCTs) are a challenging disease entity. Optimal management of PRCTs continues to be controversial. Although advances in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography have aided in early diagnosis, arthroscopic evaluation remains the benchmark for diagnosis. Conservative treatment is often the first line of management for most patients; however, evidence suggests that surgical intervention may limit tear progression and the long-term sequelae. Surgical decision making is driven by factors such as age, arm dominance, etiology, activity level, tear thickness, and tear location. Many surgical options have been described in the literature to treat PRCTs including arthroscopic débridement, transosseous, in situ repair techniques, and tear completion and repair. Biologic supplements have also become an attractive alternative to aid in healing; however, the long-term efficacy of these modalities is largely unknown. This article will provide a detailed review of the etiology and natural history of PRCTs, as well as diagnosis, and current management to guide clinical decision-making and formulate an algorithm for management of PRCTs for the orthopaedic surgeon.
Adjusting for Variation in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Is Needed to Improve Care After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Solberg Leif I. , Chrenka Ella , Asche Steve E. , Johnson Paul G. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Horst Patrick K. , Cunningham Brian P. , Reams Megan , Swiontkowski Marc F.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Limited quantitative information exists about the patient and surgeon factors driving variation in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores, limiting the use of these data in understanding and improving quality. The overall goal of this study was to learn how to adjust PROM scores to enable both individual and group quality improvement.

Methods:

Observational study in which preoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS)-10 measures were prospectively obtained through patient survey from 1,173 of 1,435 possible patients before total knee arthroplasty and from 810 of the 1,173 patients at 12 months postoperatively (response rates = 81.7% and 69.0%). Regression analyses identified the relative contribution of patient and surgeon risk factors to OKS change from baseline to 12 months. Variation in patient scores and surgeon performance was described and quantified. Adjusted outcomes were used to calculate an observed and expected score for each surgeon.

Results:

(1) Moderate variation was observed in pre-/post-OKS change among the surgeons (n = 16, mean change = 15.5 ± 2.2, range = 12.1-21.1). Forty-five percent of the variance in OKS change was explained by the factors included in our model. (2) Patient preoperative OKS and PROMIS physical score, race, and BMI were markedly associated with change in OKS, but other patient factors, surgeon volume, and years of experience were not. (3) Eight surgeons had observed scores greater than expected after adjustment, providing an opportunity to learn what strategies were associated with better outcomes.

Discussion:

Traditional age/sex adjustment of patient mix would have had no effect on mean PROM scores by surgeon. An adjustment model that includes the factors found to be markedly associated with outcomes will allow care systems to identify individual surgeon care management strategies potentially important for improving patient outcomes.
Use of Adjunct Antiseptic Agents in Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Plate Johannes F. , Zuskov Andrey , Seyler Thorsten M.
Published: September 2021

Periprosthetic joint infection is a leading cause for failure of contemporary total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty projected to nearly double in the next decade and reach an economic burden of $1.85 billion in the United Sates by 2030. Although multiple treatments for periprosthetic joint infection have been described, a thorough débridement and joint lavage to decrease bacterial bioburden and to remove biofilm remains a critical component of treatment. Various adjunct antiseptic agents such as chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and chlorine compounds are currently in off-label use in this capacity. Each antiseptic agent, however, has a distinct mechanism of action and targets different organisms, and some combinations of agents may lead to tissue toxicity. In this review, currently available adjunct antiseptic washes will be described in detail based on their mechanism of action and the evidence for their use will be reviewed. Furthermore, this review puts forward an evidence-based treatment algorithm based on the specific causative organism.
Silk® Flow Diverter Device for Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Florez William A , Garcia-Ballestas Ezequiel , Quiñones-Ossa Gabriel Alexander , Janjua Tariq , Konar Subhas , Agrawal Amit , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: September 2021

Flow diverters have become a critical instrument for complex aneurysms treatment. However, limited data are currently available regarding short and long-term outcomes for the Silk flow diverter. The objective of the study is to determine neurological prognosis and mortality rates for the Silk flow diversion device used in intracranial aneurysms. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using databases. The following descriptors were used for the search: “SILK”, “Flow Diverter”, “Mortality”, and “Prognosis”. The following data were extracted: mortality, good functional outcome, Glasgow outcome scale, complete or near-complete occlusion rates, rate of retreatment, and complications (thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications). A total of 14 studies were selected. Among the 14 studies, 13 were retrospective observational cohort studies and 1 was a prospective observational cohort study. The mortality rate was 2.84%. The clinical good outcomes rate was 93.3%. The poor outcome rate was 6.6%. The overall thromboembolic complication rate was 6.06% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–6.37, P=0.12, I2=3.13%). The total hemorrhagic complication rate was 1.62% (95% CI 0.00–5.34, P=0.28, I2=1.56%). The complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 80.4% (95% CI 8.65–9.38, P<0.0001, I2=9.09%). The Silk diverter device has a good safety and efficacy profile for treating intracranial aneurysms with high complete occlusion rates.
De beursgenoteerde vennootschap
Authors: de Groot C.
Published: September 2021

De beursgenoteerde vennootschap. Faits divers

Een beursgenoteerde vennootschap is een vennootschap waarvan aandelen zijn toegelaten tot de handel op een gereglementeerde markt of soms ook tot de handel op een multilaterale handelsfaciliteit. In Boek 2 BW en in de Wft komen beide varianten voor. Als sprake is van toelating tot de handel op alleen een gereglementeerde markt gaat het primair om regelgeving waarin de Nederlandse wetgever uitvoering geeft aan Europees recht. Als het gaat om toelating tot de handel op een gereglementeerde markt of soms ook een multilaterale handelsfaciliteit gaat het om regelgeving die een nationale oorsprong heeft. In die laatste gevallen zijn wel weer verschillende varianten denkbaar.