bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Factors Associated with Adherence to Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in a Slum Setting
Authors: Ekama Sabdat Ozichu , Gbajabiamila Titilola Abike , Salako Abideen Olurotimi , Oladele David Ayoola , Odubela Oluwatosin.O. , David Agatha Nkiru , Ezechi Oliver Chukwujekwu , Salako Babatunde Lawal
Published: May 2022

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the challenges of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions, assess adherence, accessibility to prevention materials and identify requirements for the control of the spread of COVID-19 among individuals living in a slum-setting in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods
This is a five-month cross-sectional study conducted in Makoko, Lagos an urban-slum community. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions and adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies were obtained with a semi-structured questionnaire. Logistics-regression model was used to determine factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.

Results
There was a total of 357 participants who had a mean age of 45.8 ± 12.9 years. Majority were males (62.2%), married (83.8%), self-employed (66.4%), and had secondary education (31.4%). Most participants (93.8%) had no space for self-isolation as majority lived in a one-room apartment (72.8%), shared toilets/kitchen space (64.4 %), had no constant source of water supply (61.9%) and buy water (62.5%). About 98.8% are aware of the COVID-19 pandemic but only 33.9% adhered. Most of the participants disclosed inability to purchase face masks/ hand sanitizers (68.9%).

After adjusting for covariates, the ability to afford facemasks/hand sanitizers (P < 0.0001, aOR 6.646; 95% CI: 3.805-11.609), living alone (P < 0.0001, aOR 3.658; 95% CI: 1.267-10.558), and ability to buy water (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.50), had greater odds of association with adherence to the non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion
The lack of isolation space among majority of the respondents calls for concern. Inability to purchase prevention materials is a major factor influencing poor compliance to COVID-19 prevention strategies.
Northern migration: A case study of Latin American immigration, settlement, and housing experiences in Kelowna, a mid-sized city in the interior of British Columbia (Canada)
Authors: Teixeira C. , De Burgos H.
Published: May 2022

Immigration from Latin American countries to Canada is a relatively recent phenomenon. Approximately half a million Latin Americans currently live in Canada. They tend to prefer urban areas and settle in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. In the past, smaller and mid-sized cities in the interior of British Columbia were generally off the radar for immigrants, but this has changed since the early 2000s, and the city of Kelowna has gradually emerged as a popular destination, including for immigrants from Latin America. It is a growing population that has received relatively little scholarly attention. This article addresses this research gap by exploring the settlement and housing experiences of Latin American immigrants in the mid-sized city of Kelowna.

The study draws on data from questionnaire surveys that were administered to 62 Latin American immigrants in the city of Kelowna in the summer-fall of 2018. The findings revealed that transitioning from their homelands was a stressful and costly experience for participants, particularly with regard to finding affordable housing. They reported enormous financial stress, with most living in unaffordable housing; more than half were spending more than 30% of their monthly income on housing. Participants’ residential mobility and housing searches were constrained in part by low vacancy rates, language barriers, lack of public transportation, and a lack of affordable housing to rent or buy. Immigrants’ unfamiliarity with how subsidized housing works in Canada, including how to access it, combined with a limited supply of this housing, are major challenges.
Significado del aprendizaje y la enseñanza de la anatomía: contribuciones desde las percepciones de los estudiantes
Authors: Silva Ortiz Sara Raquel , Torres Merchán Nidia Yaneth
Published: May 2022

Este articulo recoge las percepciones de un grupo de estudiantes de segundo semestre del programa de Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Boyacá, respecto a su experiencia con la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la anatomía humana dentro de la materia Morfología I, la importancia que revisten estas temáticas para su desempeño profesional y las dificultades que genera su estudio considerando la extensión y profundidad con las que son abordados la osteología, artrología y miología, sistemas que fundamentan la formación básica en torno al objeto de estudio de esta profesión, el movimiento corporal humano, entendido como un elemento esencial para la salud y el bienestar del hombre (Herrera, et al. 2004). Los resultados del presente trabajo se obtienen a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario con tres preguntas centrales, la primera, relacionada con la experiencia personal de cada estudiante sobre el proceso de aprendizaje alcanzado, la segunda, con la enseñanza, referida a la actuación del docente (desde la representación de los propios estudiantes) y la tercera, a través de las percepciones sobre la materia y las unidades temáticas desarrolladas en este curso.
Citação e paráfrase como práticas discursivas no ensino superior: experiência com alunos de letras
Authors: Faye Pedrosa Cleide Emília
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste relatório de investigação é verificar a produção de conhecimento no ensi-no superior questionando como o processo de fazer citações de afiliações teóricas baseadas na palavra do “outro”, por meio de citações ou paráfrases, é utilizado no ensino superior. Baseamo-nos em autores cujos trabalhos lidam com “discurso citado e citante” como Compagnon (2007), Maingueneau (2001, 2006), Bakhtin (2002); aqueles cujas pesqui-sas lidam com paráfrases sob a perspectiva da análise do discurso como Possenti (2009); e sob o ponto de vista da Linguística Textual como Galembeck (2010) e Fuchs (1985). Os dados são resultado de experiências coleta-das de duas turmas de Linguística no curso de graduação em Letras na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, durante 2009 e 2011. Os resultados indicam uma necessi-dade urgente de trabalhar citação e paráfrase em atividades usuais nas aulas para que elas possam dar suporte às leituras e reescritas de gêneros acadêmicos.
Estandares de competencias e integracion de habilidades en la enseñanza del inglés: es posible?
Authors: Lorduy Arellano Danilza del Carmen , Jerez Rodríguez Sonia María , Herazo Rivera José David
Published: May 2022

Como profesores de idiomas nos preocupa cómo abordar las políticas del Ministerio Nacional de Educación. Los Estándares Nacionales para la Enseñanza del Inglés fueron publicados en un intento de unificar criterios para la enseñanza del idioma inglés. Sin embargo, todavía hay maestros que no saben cómo incluirlos en sus planes de clase. El grupo de investigación (ESCU) desarrolló un proyecto usando las tareas de aprendizaje como estrategia pedagógica para integrar estos estándares y las habilidades lingüísticas en la clase de Inglés. Este estudio de investigación cualitativa fue realizado con estudiantes de los grados sexto y el noveno en tres escuelas públicas. Se realizaron observaciones directas de clase, se aplicaron cuestionarios y se hicieron entrevistas. Los resultados indicaron que el uso de Aprendizaje Basado en Tareas ayuda en integración de los estándares de competencia y al mismo tiempo potencia el desarrollo de las cuatro habilidades del idioma. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de uno de los objetivos propuestos en un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo en una ciudad en la costa Caribe colombiana.
Contingent interaction: a case study in a Colombian EFL classroom
Authors: Rosado Mendinueta Nayibe del Rosario
Published: May 2022

This study examines both contingent and non-contingent interaction (van Lier, L, 1996) as instantiated in an EFL classroom in Colombia. A teacher and her students were observed over a period of a term. The observations provided insights into how interaction took place in the EFL classroom. Drawing on the distinction between con-tingent and non-contingent interaction, the analysis indicated that interaction that occu-rred during instructional stages of the class was mostly non-contingent while interaction that occurred during the regulative stages (Bernstein, B, 2000; Christie, F, 2002) was more contingent and conducive to learning. Claims are made here for the benefits of contingent interaction for the development of competence in EFL. Some implications of this case study for language teacher educa-tion are also discussed.
Propuesta de modelo de gestión para educación superior a distancia: una aproximación
Authors: Morantes Higuera Adriana Elizabeth , Acuña Corredor Gustavo Adolfo
Published: May 2022

El concepto de modelo de gestión ha venido incorporándose como soporte para la administración de las organizaciones. Dada la particular connotación de las Instituciones que ofrecen Educación Superior a Distancia (IESAD), se sintetiza en el artículo la caracterización de la metodología de educación superior a distancia, analizando la problemática inherente; además se presenta un acercamiento al concepto de modelo de gestión para finalmente desarrollar una propuesta teórica. El modelo propuesto integra los factores de gestión de calidad, gestión organizacional, gestión académica y gestión externa, determinantes para una administración efectiva en este tipo de instituciones.
SARS-CoV-2 most concerning variants: A review on their complications, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immune responses
Authors: Afshar Zeinab Mohseni
Published: May 2022

Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several different variants and strains of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified. Each of these variants has several mutations in different constituents of the original virus, such as the spike (S) glycoprotein, receptor-binding domain, N-terminal domain, and furin cleavage site region. These mutations mainly influence the virulence, infectivity, and transmission of the virus. Also, they can help the virus escape the natural- or vaccine-induced immunity in the host body. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention categorized these variants into three major classes: variants of interest, variants of concern (VOC), and variants of high consequence. In this review, four VOCs, i.e., B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.427/B.1.429, have been presented, and their potential complications, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and capability of escaping natural- or vaccine-induced immunity are discussed. Moreover, the novel B.1.617 variant and its known characteristics are also demonstrated. In conclusion, this review can help clinicians and scientists better understand the most critical properties of the mentioned concerning variants of SARS-CoV-2 and guide them to conduct future studies on new preventive and therapeutic approaches in fighting COVID-19.
Oświadczenie Redakcji
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: May 2022

Oświadczenie redakcji w związku z napaścią Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę
Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves ofZiziphus jujuba
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Xu Mingyue , Liu Hui , Zhao Xusheng
Published: May 2022

Jujube leaf tea, which is made from the young leaves ofZiziphus jujuba, is a novel functional herb tea or infusion that inhibits the central nervous system. In the current study, the effects of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), as a metal complexing agent, on mineral element content, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant accumulation in the young and mature leaves ofZ. jujubawere investigated. Results demonstrated that foliar fertilization with ionic (FeCl2and ZnCl2) and chelated (Fe-IDS and Zn-IDS) fertilizers could drastically enhance iron and zinc contents, coupled with increased vitamin C level, glutathione accumulation, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant capacity (evaluated based on the Fe3+reducing power of leaf extracts), compared with the control, particularly in young leaves. However, chelated fertilizers considerably reduced the chlorophyll level, H2O2content, and lipid peroxidation rate than ionic fertilizers, particularly in young leaves. Compared with the control, chelated fertilizers induced greater superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, particularly in young leaves. Moreover, decreased enzyme activities were observed in the ionic fertilizer-treated leaves compared with the control-treated leaves. Thus, using a chelating agent could improve the accumulation of mineral elements and antioxidants in young leaves by reducing metal-mediated reactive oxygen species toxicity.
Approximation of integrable functions by general linear matrix operators of their Fourier series
Authors: Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Łenski Włodzimierz , Szal Bogdan
Published: May 2022

The pointwise estimates of the deviation

T

n
,
A

f

(

⋅

)

−
f

(

⋅

)

{T}_{n,A}f(\cdot )-f\left(\cdot )

in terms of pointwise moduli of continuity based on the points of differentiability of indefinite integral of

f

f

, with application of the rth differences of the entries of

A

A

, are proved. The similar results in case of the Lebesgue points are considered, too. Analogical results on norm approximation with remarks and corollaries are also given.
Diagnostic journeys: characterization of patients and diagnostic outcomes from an academic second opinion clinic
Authors: Chao Sabrina , Lotfi Justin , Lin Bryant , Shaw Jonathan , Jhandi Saachi , Mahoney Megan , Singh Baldeep , Nguyen Linda , Halawi Houssam , Geng Linda N.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Diagnostic programs and second opinion clinics have grown and evolved in the recent years to help patients with rare, puzzling, and complex conditions who often suffer prolonged diagnostic journeys, but there is a paucity of literature on the clinical characteristics of these patients and the efficacy of these diagnostic programs. This study aims to characterize the diagnostic journey, case features, and diagnostic outcomes of patients referred to a team-based second opinion clinic at Stanford.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed for 237 patients evaluated for diagnostic second opinion in the Stanford Consultative Medicine Clinic over a 5 year period. Descriptive case features and diagnostic outcomes were assessed, and correlation between the two was analyzed.

Results

Sixty-three percent of our patients were women. 49% of patients had a potential precipitating event within about a month prior to the start of their illness, such as medication change, infection, or medical procedure. A single clear diagnosis was determined in 33% of cases, whereas the remaining cases were assessed to have multifactorial contributors/diagnoses (20%) or remained unclear despite extensive evaluation (47%). Shorter duration of illness, fewer prior specialties seen, and single chief symptom were associated with higher likelihood of achieving a single clear diagnosis.

Conclusions

A single-site academic consultative service can offer additional diagnostic insights for about half of all patients evaluated for puzzling conditions. Better understanding of the clinical patterns and patient experiences gained from this study helps inform strategies to shorten their diagnostic odysseys.
Facile synthesis of core–shell structured magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@Au molecularly imprinted polymers for high effective extraction and determination of 4-methylmethcathinone in human urine samples
Authors: Wu Fangsheng , Zhang Zihua , Liu Wei , Liu Yuan , Chen Xiujuan , Liao Pingyong , Han Qiaoying , Song Lun , Chen Hong , Liu Wenbin
Published: May 2022

In this study, a novel material of core–shell structured magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@SiO2@Au (FSA)-MIPs) was successfully prepared for the rapid and selective determination of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone, 4-MMC). The adsorption capacity of FSA-MIPs is 34.7 mg·g−1 at 308 K, which is significantly higher than magnetic non-imprinted polymers profiting from the imprinting effect. The FSA-MIPs have a short equilibrium (20 min) and could be reused more than six times. Moreover, the selectivity coefficients of FSA-MIPs for 4-MMC, 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone, butylone, 4-ethylmethcathinone, acetylfentanyl, and methylene blue are 4.01, 5.65, 7.62, 12.30, and 20.87 respectively, further indicating the markedly enhanced binding selectivity of FSA-MIPs. As an adsorbent, the FSA-MIPs were successfully applied for effective extraction of 4-MMC in three human urine samples with the recovery rates ranging from 85.5–92.6%. The results confirmed that the FSA-MIPs have good prospects in the extraction and separation of synthetic cathinones, which is suitable for further application in the criminal sciences field.
Comparison of cross couple MOS based and Schottky diode based RF energy harvesting circuits using Wilkinson power combiner
Authors: Banerjee Joydeep
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a new but simple RF energy harvesting circuit with the combination of Wilkinson power combiner and voltage multiplier circuits to enhance the output voltage level. Author has proposed a new Schottky diode-based voltage multiplier circuit which is the combination of existing conventional Greinacher voltage multiplier and Villard voltage multiplier circuits. In this proposed circuit first stage is a Greinacher circuit which provides a comparatively higher voltage and the later stages are followed by Villard Multiplier circuits to avoid the design complexities of multistage Greinacher circuits. A Wilkinson power combiner is connected with proposed circuit to combine RF receiving power from multiple receiving antennas. The insertion of Wilkinson power combiner increases the output voltages significantly for proposed circuits. A Cross couple of MOS-based RF energy harvesting circuit is also proposed and studied in RF energy harvesting applications. The performance of Schottky diode and MOS-based RF energy harvesting circuits has been studied and compared. Experimental performance of diode-based circuits has been carried out. The Experimental efficiency for proposed Schottky diode-based RF energy harvesting circuits is obtained as 58.6%. Insertion of Wilkinson power combiner in the proposed circuit increases output voltage level 84 and 90% for three stages Schottky diode-based circuit and MOS based circuit respectively that is a significant improvement of the proposed circuit. RF energy harvesting has various applications like low-power medical and remote healthcare electronics systems, providing wireless power to IoT devices for smart home automation and monitoring, and directly powering Wireless Sensor Nodes Networks (WSN) from ambient RF energy sources in a remote area.
Anti-colon cancer activities of green-synthesized Moringa oleifera–AgNPs against human colon cancer cells
Authors: Althomali Arwa , Daghestani Maha H. , Basil Almukaynizi Fatimah , Al-Zahrani Sabah Ahmed , Awad Manal A. , Merghani Nada M. , Bukhari Wadha I. , Ibrahim Eiman M. , Alzahrani Sherifah M. , Altowair Nouf , AL-Ghamdi Afaf S. , AlQahtani Asma M. , Ramadan Rasha , Bhat Ramesa Shafi
Published: May 2022

The anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well known to be synthesized using green-synthesized methods, although its mechanism of action is not understood fully. Moringa oleifera leaves were used as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize AgNPs. Green-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The synthesized nanoparticles were then characterized by their anticancer properties by performing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to check the expression levels of the four genes (β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6)). The synthesized nanoparticles were 25 nm on average and spherical in shape and aggregated form. Noteworthy cytotoxicity is how green-synthesized M. oleifera–AgNPs were observed in comparison with the M. oleifera leaf extract against a cancerous cell line. The M. oleifera–AgNPs decreased the expression of CTNNB1 and LRP6 genes, while the LRP5 gene expression increased in both cell lines. With treatment, the APC gene expression decreased in SW480 but increased in HTC116. Our results imply that AgNPs synthesized by M. oleifera extract could be an ideal strategy to combat colon cancer.
Design, fabrication, and testing of CVI-SiC/SiC turbine blisk under different load spectrums at elevated temperature
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Li Jian , Zeng Yuqi , Huang Xiaozhong , Li Longbiao , Xu Youliang , Hu Xiaoan
Published: May 2022

In this article, design, fabrication, and testing of SiC/SiC turbine blisk with the fiber’s preform of Spider Web Structure (SWS) subjected to different load spectrums at elevated temperature are conducted. Micro-CT scans are conducted to show the fibers preform and defects inside the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk. For 2D plain-woven SiC/SiC composite under monotonic tensile loading at an elevated temperature of T = 900°C in air atmosphere, the composite ultimate tensile strength is σ
uts = 200 MPa with the fracture strain ε
f = 0.36%. For SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk under the rotation testing, the first and second order natural frequency of the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk are tested using the laser vibration meter. Relationships between the rotation speed, internal damage, and the natural frequency degradation of the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk are established. Under the maximum rotation speed of n = 17,000 rpm at the exhaust temperature of T = 930°C, no damage occurred in the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk. However, multiple coating spalling occurred due to the thermal-chemical coupling failure of the coating under flame impingement. The first natural frequency of the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk decreases by 5% with the increase in the rotating speed from n
max = 85,000 rpm to n
max = 105,000 rpm, which indicates that there is an internal damage in the SWS-SiC/SiC turbine blisk, which leads to the decrease in the stiffness of the blisk.
Expression pattern and clinical significance of microRNA-let-7a and IFN-gamma in placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia with severe features
Authors: Wang Liping , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhou Xuewu
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Preeclampsia with severe features (PECsf) is a common disease in pregnant women. let-7a and IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma) are involved in diagnosis and prognosis of preeclampsia. This study explored effects of let-7a and IFN-gamma on PECsf patients.

Methods

The placental tissue of 21 PECsf, 19 preeclampsia without severe features (PEC), and 20 normal pregnant women were collected, and clinical data were recorded. let-7a and IFN-gamma expressions in placental tissue were detected. The correlation between let-7a/IFN-gamma expression and clinical indexes was analyzed. According to let-7a and IFN-gamma expressions, PECsf patients were assigned into Hlet-7a group (let-7a high expression group), Llet-7a group (let-7a low expression group), HIFN-gamma group (IFN-gamma high expression group) and LIFN-gamma group (IFN-gamma low expression group). The incidence of adverse prognosis was compared.

Results

let-7a and IFN-gamma were highly expressed in placental tissue of preeclampsia patients, with significant differences between PEC and PECsf. The high expressions of let-7a and IFN-gamma were positively correlated with mean arterial pressure, lactate dehydrogenase, and 24 h urinary protein in placental tissues of PECsf patients. High let-7a and IFN-gamma expressions were correlated with adverse outcomes of PECsf.

Conclusions

High let-7a and IFN-gamma expressions were correlated with clinical features, and could be used as biomarkers for treatment and poor prognosis of PECsf.
Konzeption des neuen, primären, thermodynamischen PTB-Gasfeuchtenormals
Authors: Bubser Florian , Deschermeier Regina , Ebert Volker
Published: May 2022

Die AG 3.41 der PTB baut derzeit ein neues Primärnormal der Gasfeuchte auf Basis des Funktionsprinzips eines 2-Druck 2-Temperatur Generators auf [Deschermeier, R., Bubser, F., Ebert, E. “Conception and Design of a Novel Primary Humidity Generator”, In: Posterpräsentation TEMPMEKO 2019, Chengdu, China]. Der Betriebsbereich des Generators wird Frost-/Taupunkttemperaturen im Bereich von −40 bis +95 °C, einen maximalen Volumenstrom von 20 L/min und einen Generatordruck von bis zu 1.5 MPa umfassen. Die Sättigung des Gasstroms erfolgt, abhängig von der Darstellung der Tau-/Frostpunkttemperatur, über Wasser oder Eis. Damit erweitert die PTB den für Kalibrierdienstleistungen und Forschungsvorhaben zur Verfügung stehenden Bereich. Das beim mechanischen und elektronischen Aufbau modular gehaltene Konzept, sowie die modulare Software erlauben es, die Anlage auch an zukünftige Anforderungen, wie zum Beispiel eine gesteigerte Messgenauigkeit, anzupassen.
Evaluation of the Penetration Behavior of Viscous Fluids into Porous Media in the Context of Volume Determination
Authors: Christ Florian , Lieske Wolfgang , Herz Charlotte , Wichtmann Torsten
Published: May 2022

The current study addresses the penetration of viscous fluids into compacted clay samples in the context of volume determination. The volume of compacted clay samples was measured with established methods (paraffin-coated clod method, pycnometer method) and uncoated immersion weighing (IW) with three different fluids (silicone oil, paraffin oil, and canola oil). The suitability of the methods was evaluated statistically. The amount of penetrated liquid into the sample was tracked over time and analyzed. Experimental data were fitted with a modified Washburn’s equation considering different pore sizes in the sample. The fitting yielded very good matches. IW was found to generate the most accurate (i.e., smallest error measurements) and reproducible results for volume determination among the established methods. Thereby, paraffin and silicone oil performed best for IW. The penetration of liquids into the sample was found to be negligibly small for those two liquids in the relevant time range for conducting an IW.
Improvement of the Fatigue Strength of Steel Bridges by Adhesively Bonded Steel Patches—Adhesives and Processes
Authors: Stammen Elisabeth , Abeln Björn , Ilg Florian , Feldmann Markus , Schuler Christian , Dilger Klaus
Published: May 2022

Steel bridges with orthotropic roadway decks are a common construction method for long-span bridges. The construction method was developed in the 1960s, and the early structures especially show increasing crack damage. On the one hand this is due to construction errors; on the other hand it is due to massively increased traffic loads. There is already a demand for rehabilitation methods that do not weaken the cross-section such as bolted solutions or exert thermal influence such as welding seams, but there are no reliable and economical alternatives so far. Here, rehabilitation methods with bonded steel patches using structural, cold-curing epoxy resin or polyurethane adhesives seem to be the method of choice, for which solutions are being developed in a German research project. Extensive results on adhesive selection and mechanical properties as well as on surface treatment with regard to the manufacturing process are presented here. Analytical calculations are used to identify the main factors determining the load-bearing behavior of bonded steel patches. The calculations were validated by means of extensive small-scale and component tests on four different notch details as well as with the aid of numerical calculations, which are, however, presented in a separate publication. However, in addition to bridge construction, this type of patch rehabilitation is also of interest to other branches of the steel construction industry, such as offshore structures, crane construction, or rail vehicles. The promising results are currently being continued and transferred to a follow-up project.
Ruminant health research – progress to date and future prospects, with an emphasis on Irish research
Authors: Mee J.F. , Barrett D. , Boloña P. Silva , Conneely M. , Earley B. , Fagan S. , Keane O.M. , Lane E.A.
Published: May 2022

This review addresses the progress that has been made in ruminant health research over the last 60 yr, with an emphasis on Irish research. The review focuses on the economically important infectious diseases of dairy and beef cattle and of sheep, calf diseases, regulated and non-regulated infectious diseases, lameness, mastitis and parasitoses. The progress to date, current knowledge and future challenges are all addressed. Paradigm shifts have occurred in many of these diseases, the most profound of which is the change from increasing antimicrobial usage (AMU) to the realisation of the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the current reduction in AMU. Another major change in thinking is the move away from focus on the pathogen exclusively towards a more holistic view of the roles of host immunity and adequacy of management. In the last 60 yr, many new diseases have emerged but in parallel many new technologies have rapidly evolved to monitor and control these threats to animal health. Irish research has contributed substantially to improved current ruminant health. The major future challenge is how to manage ruminant health in a OneHealth world where animal, human and environmental health and sustainability are intimately intertwined and interdependent.
Structural insights into ClpP protease side exit pore‐opening by a pH drop coupled with substrate hydrolysis
Authors: Kim Leehyeon , Lee Byung‐Gil , Kim Minki , Kim Min Kyung , Kwon Do Hoon , Kim Hyunmin , Brötz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Roh Soung‐Hun , Song Hyun Kyu
Published: May 2022

The ClpP serine peptidase is a tetradecameric degradation molecular machine involved in many physiological processes. It becomes a competent ATP‐dependent protease when coupled with Clp‐ATPases. Small chemical compounds, acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs), are known to cause the dysregulation and activation of ClpP without ATPases and have potential as novel antibiotics. Previously, structural studies of ClpP from various species revealed its structural details, conformational changes, and activation mechanism. Although product release through side exit pores has been proposed, the detailed driving force for product release remains elusive. Herein, we report crystal structures of ClpP from Bacillus subtilis (BsClpP) in unforeseen ADEP‐bound states. Cryo‐electron microscopy structures of BsClpP revealed various conformational states under different pH conditions. To understand the conformational change required for product release, we investigated the relationship between substrate hydrolysis and the pH‐lowering process. The production of hydrolyzed peptides from acidic and basic substrates by proteinase K and BsClpP lowered the pH values. Our data, together with those of previous findings, provide insight into the molecular mechanism of product release by the ClpP self‐compartmentalizing protease.
Cx43‐mediated sorting of miRNAs into extracellular vesicles
Authors: Martins‐Marques Tania , Costa Marina C , Catarino Steve , Simoes Isaura , Aasen Trond , Enguita Francisco J , Girao Henrique
Published: May 2022

Through the exchange of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles (EV) allow for cell–cell communication across distant cells and tissues to regulate a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Although some molecular mediators have been discovered, the mechanisms underlying the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV remain elusive. Previous studies demonstrated that connexin43 (Cx43) forms functional channels at the EV surface, mediating the communication with recipient cells. Here, we show that Cx43 participates in the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV through a process that can also involve RNA‐binding proteins. We provide evidence that Cx43 can directly bind to specific miRNAs, namely those containing stable secondary structure elements, including miR‐133b. Furthermore, Cx43 facilitates the delivery of EV‐miRNAs into recipient cells. Phenotypically, we show that Cx43‐mediated EV‐miRNAs sorting modulates autophagy. Overall, our study ascribes another biological role to Cx43, that is, the selective incorporation of miRNAs into EV, which potentially modulates multiple biological processes in target cells and may have implications for human health and disease.
Myeloid cell‐specific topoisomerase 1 inhibition using DNA origami mitigates neuroinflammation
Authors: Zhu Keying , Wang Yang , Sarlus Heela , Geng Keyi , Nutma Erik , Sun Jingxian , Kung Shin‐Yu , Bay Cindy , Han Jinming , Min Jin‐Hong , Benito‐Cuesta Irene , Lund Harald , Amor Sandra , Wang Jun , Zhang Xing‐Mei , Kutter Claudia , Guerreiro‐Cacais André Ortlieb , Högberg Björn , Harris Robert A
Published: May 2022

Targeting myeloid cells, especially microglia, for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is underappreciated. Our in silico drug screening reveals topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitors as promising drug candidates for microglial modulation. We show that TOP1 is highly expressed in neuroinflammatory conditions, and TOP1 inhibition using camptothecin (CPT) and its FDA‐approved analog topotecan (TPT) reduces inflammatory responses in microglia/macrophages and ameliorates neuroinflammation in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses of sorted microglia from LPS‐challenged mice reveal an altered transcriptional phenotype following TPT treatment. To target myeloid cells, we design a nanosystem using β‐glucan‐coated DNA origami (MyloGami) loaded with TPT (TopoGami). MyloGami shows enhanced specificity to myeloid cells while preventing the degradation of the DNA origami scaffold. Myeloid‐specific TOP1 inhibition using TopoGami significantly suppresses the inflammatory response in microglia and mitigates MS‐like disease progression. Our findings suggest that TOP1 inhibition in myeloid cells represents a therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory diseases and that the myeloid‐specific nanosystems we designed may also benefit the treatment of other diseases with dysfunctional myeloid cells.
“Prophecy must resurrect in the Church”: the figure of prophet in russian thought of the late 19th — early 20th century
Authors: Yachmenik Vyacheslav , Makarova Anna
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on the development of ideas about the prophet in Russia in the late 19th – the early 20th century. In the European discourse the understanding of the prophet as the bearer of the personal principle in religion most fully described by M. Weber. Since in Russian religious philosophy the conceptualization of the prophetic function appears in the works of V. Solovyov, the first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the idea of a prophet in the theocratic concept of this thinker. Specific features of the system proposed by the Russian philosopher are characterized, where the prophet was considered as a link of the “triad” along with the priesthood and the kingdom. The constant characteristics of the prophet as the third principle of power in the Solovyov system are formulated. The second part of the article is devoted to the reception of Solovyov’s ideas in Russian theology and religious philosophy of the beginning of the 20th century. The discussions about the hierarchy and the intellectuals as carriers of the prophetic principle that arose at the Religious-Philosophical Meetings, and the positions on this issue of V. Ternavtsev and D. Merezhkovsky are characterized. The development of the idea of a prophet in the context of the discussion of the problem of power in the Church in the academic theology of M. Tareev, V. Troitsky, P. Florensky is traced. The interpretation of the Soloviev triad by S. Bulgakov and A. Kartashev, as well as criticism of the views of the latter by Merezhkovsky’s circle, is analyzed. It is noted that the participants in the discussions considered the prophetic principle as integrated into the church community or opposed to the church hierarchy. In conclusion, the development of the discourse about the prophet in the Russian tradition of the designated period is summed up, parallels with the search for Western explorers are noted. The article concludes that the common problem for Russian and European thinkers of the early 20th century is the distinction between priestly and prophetic principles in the religious community.
V. I. Lamansky and the origins of “russian byzantism”
Authors: Malinov Alexey
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the attitude of the largest Russian Slavist Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky (1833-1914) to the history and cultural heritage of Byzantium. It is noted that although the term "Byzantism" characterises the philosophical-historical doctrine of K.N. Leontiev, a number of statements developed in K.N. Leontiev's concept were expressed earlier by V.I. Lamansky. It is suggested that Lamansky had an influence on Leontiev's views, especially on Byzantium. The development of Lamansky's views on Byzantium from his first monograph "On the Slavs in Asia Minor, Africa and Spain" up to his last unfinished book "The Slavonic Hagiography of St. Cyril as a Religious Epic and a Historical Source" is shown. The article points out the similarity between V.I. Lamansky's doctrine on the difference of ages of peoples and cultures and the organiccist conceptions of N.Y. Danilevsky and K.N. Leontiev. Lamansky's interpretation of the mutual relations between Slavs and Greeks, and the relationship between Slavs and the Eastern Roman Empire is considered. It is noted that the main influence of Byzantium was connected to the development of state conceptions of the Slavs and acceptance of Orthodoxy. The special significance of Orthodoxy lay in the recognition of the rights of national languages (divine service in native languages and the development of writing systems), which led to a better acquaintance of Orthodox peoples with Christian doctrine. V.I. Lamansky's opinion on the causes of the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire is given: oblivion of the universal meaning of Christianity, Hellenization, and spread of nationalism. V. I. Lamansky's understanding of the meaning of the empire, i.e. the united Christian kingdom which Russia is heir to, is revealed. The article concludes that Lamansky's interest in the study of Byzantium resulted from his own historiosophic doctrine of three civilizational worlds (Romano-Germanic, Greek-Slavic and Asian).
St. Nicholas of Japan and his approach to state-church relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church
Authors: Lukin Alexander , Puzanova Olga
Published: May 2022

This article examines Nikolai’s views on Church-state relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. These two questions are inextricably linked because having founded and developed the Japanese Orthodox Church, Nikolai sought to build up its relations with the Japanese state, the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state, according to his understanding of the Orthodox ideal, and his views therefore had a direct bearing on his activities and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church.The topic of Nikolai’s ideas about the status of the Japanese Church is poorly covered by the available literature, which predominantly adopts the simplistic view that Nikolai immediately tried to create a church that was as independent from the Russian Church as possible. This view, however, relies on individual comments taken out of context. The issue is important both in itself and for those who wish to investigate how far the potential indigenisation of the Orthodox Church can be stretched, as well as Nikolai’s views on the matter. The authors conclude that it would be a gross over-simplification to say that Nikolai supported an independent Japanese Church from the outset of his work in the country. In fact, he advocated close ties with the Russian Church for the foreseeable as a guarantee of the Japanese Church’s commitment to true Orthodoxy and fought actively against those who supported premature independence. While it is true that for pragmatic purposes, he would publicly express opinions in support of actual independence for the Japanese Church, this only took place during a period of growth in anti-Russian sentiment in Japan and he would only do so to protect the Church from attacks.
The Name and the Church: old testament and early christian veneration of God’s name and a. F. Losev’s philosophical onomatology
Authors: Kryuchkov Timofey
Published: May 2022

The article examines the question of the theological origins of the philosophy named after A. F. Losev. The analysis shows that the notions of name as energy and name as cosmos are related to Losev's turning to the Old Testament and early Christian terminological traditions of using the concept of "Name" to convey the idea of the divine presence. As a result of accepting the Greek philosophical terminology on the part of the Christian Church, the idea of the divine presence in the created world began to be conveyed through the term of divine energy. A.F. Losev believes that the identification of the name and the signified thing is a sign of pre-philosophical mythological thinking in general. It gives a clue to the mentioned Old Testament tradition of the name divinity. Philosophical secular thinking fundamentally departs from such a religious worldview element. For this reason, philosophical and archaic worldviews can be seen in the two mentioned customs, which have been reflected in the theological terminology. The theological perception of the philosophical categorical system has not resulted in the complete displacement of "name" from the Christian theological discourse. The ancient Bible tradition of conveying the idea of the divine presence in the categories of "name" and "glory" is evident in a number of the holy fathers' works (St. Justin the Philosopher, St. John Chrysostom, St. Isaac of Nineveh). "Name" as a term close to the that of "energy" is more peculiar to Liturgical texts as A.F. Losev sees it. Losev's idea of God's name as the ontological energetic foundation of the cosmos, usually seen as a borrowing from Neoplatonism, goes back, among other things, to the doctrine of the church as the Body of Christ.
Four-Meter Gait Speed Cut-off and Correlation with 6-Minute Walk Test in Adults
Authors: Nusdwinuringtyas Nury , Fransiska Tresia , Sunarjo Peggy , Triangto Kevin , Santausa Febrian , Dahlan M. Sopiyudin
Published: May 2022

In facilities where a track required is not available for gait speed test, a simpler method using a shorter track and test duration is needed. One of such methods is the 4-meter gait speed. This study aimed to determine the cut off values for 4MGS and its correlation with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), a more common functional performance test with shorter track and time. Data for this study were collected at the Department of Rehabilitation of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital during the period of August 2016 to March 2017. The consecutive sampling approach was used to recruit healthy Indonesian adults (n=61) aged 18–50 years into this cross sectional study. The anthropometric and respiratory variables were measured as descriptive data and the cut-off values were determined by calculating the mean 4-meter gait speed (4MGS)-2SD for each gender. The 6MWT was performed afterwards to assess the correlation between 4MGS and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Results presented a mean 4MGS value of 2.114±0.309 m/s (male) and 1.908±0.227m/s (female) with the cut-off values for normal gait speed of 1.496 m/s and 1.454m/s for male and female, respectively. Factors affecting 4MGS were body height, body weight, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). The 4MGS is only shown to be weakly correlated with 6MWD (r=0.314, p=0.014). The cut-off values for 4MGS can be used as a reference to assess the normality of gait speed as a parameter of functional mobility in healthy Indonesian adults and should be used in adjunct to 6MWT to represent a comprehensive functional capacity status.
Relationship between Vitamin C and Length of Hospital Stay for Covid-19 Patients with Comorbidities
Authors: Wiboworini Budiyanti , Ayusari Amelya Augusthina , Myrtha Risalina , Rahayu Dwi , Widardo  , Lanti Yulia , Shabrina Amalina , Sudarsono Joko , Handayani Sutartinah Sri , Lucas Graciella Angelica
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory diseases, have a higher risk for severe disease and mortality compared to patients without comorbidities. Some data shows that the administration of high dose vitamin C (1–2 g/day) can reduce the amount of the inflammatory mediators and shorten the length of hospital stay. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin C administration and of length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. This study was a retrospective observational study on consecutively sampled medical record data of UNS Hospital patients from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 78 patient medical records were included of this study. The inclusion criteria were all medical records of patients who suffered from Covid-19 with comorbidities admitted to the hospital while the exclusion criteria were medical records of patients who did not get oral or intravenous vitamin C. The chi-square bivariate test was used to determine the relationship between the administration of vitamin C and the length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. Of the 78 subjects only 52 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. Medical records were divided into two groups: group 1, that consisted of medical records of patient who received more than 1,000 mg Vitamin C, and group 2, who received less than 1,000 mg Vitamin C. Results demonstrated that the administration of high dose vitamin C of more than 1,000 mg was not associated with the length of hospital stay (p=0.677). Thus, high dose of vitamin C is not associated with the length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory disease.
School Start Times, Sleep, and Youth Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yip Tiffany , Wang Yijie , Xie Mingjun , Ip Pak See , Fowle Jillianne , Buckhalt Joseph
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

To review and meta-analyze existing evidence regarding the impact of school start times (SSTs) on youth sleep and developmental outcomes considering the moderating effects of youth and school characteristics. Scopus, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Pubmed, PsychInfo, ERIC, Proquest, EBSCO, and Google Scholar were used through 2019 to select studies measuring (1) school start time and (2) sleep or other developmental outcomes. Data from 28 studies and 1 774 509 participants were extracted and analyzed using random-effects models with robust variance estimation.

RESULTS

Later SSTs were associated with better overall developmental outcomes, longer sleep duration, and less negative mood. Specifically, new SSTs between 8:30 and 8:59 were associated with better outcomes than 8:00 to 8:29 start times. Later SSTs were more strongly associated with lower levels of sleepiness for high school (versus middle school) youth, and youth in private (versus public) schools reported better sleep and later wake times with later SSTs. Although this meta-analysis suggests an overall benefit of later SSTs, there was limited research to test outcomes such as sleep hygiene, naps, and behavioral and physical health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

There is converging evidence that later SSTs are associated with better overall developmental outcomes, longer sleep duration, and less negative mood. More research needs to consider student and school characteristics to obtain reliable estimates related to possible differences by sex, race, school size, percent free/reduced lunch, and percent minority.