bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution unified observational data product of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004–2017
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Feng Zhe , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Deep convection possesses markedly distinct properties at different spatiotemporal scales. We present an original high-resolution (4 km, hourly) unified data product of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and isolated deep convection (IDC) in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and examine their climatological characteristics from 2004 to 2017. The data product is produced by applying an updated FLEXTRKR (Flexible Object Tracker) algorithm to hourly satellite brightness temperature, radar reflectivity, and precipitation datasets. Analysis of the data product shows that MCSs are much larger and longer-lasting than IDC, but IDC occurs about 100 times more frequently than MCSs, with a mean convective intensity comparable to that of MCSs. Hence both MCS and IDC are essential contributors to precipitation east of the Rocky Mountains, although their precipitation shows significantly different spatiotemporal characteristics. IDC precipitation concentrates in summer in the Southeast with a peak in the late afternoon, while MCS precipitation is significant in all seasons, especially for spring and summer in the Great Plains. The spatial distribution of MCS precipitation amounts varies by seasons, while diurnally, MCS precipitation generally peaks during nighttime except in the Southeast. Potential uncertainties and limitations of the data product are also discussed. The data product is useful for investigating the atmospheric environments and physical processes associated with different types of convective systems, quantifying the impacts of convection on hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, and severe weather events, and evaluating and improving the representation of convective processes in weather and climate models. The data product is available at https://doi.org/10.25584/1632005 (Li et al., 2020).
How to reconstruct diffuse radiation scenario for simulating GPP in
land surface models?
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Boucher Olivier , Ciais Philippe , Li Laurent , Bellouin Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The impact of diffuse radiation on photosynthesis has been widely documented in field measurements. This impact may have evolved over time during the last century due to changes in cloudiness, increased anthropogenic aerosol loads over polluted regions, and to sporadic volcanic eruptions curtaining the stratosphere with sulfate aerosols. The effect of those changes in diffuse light on large-scale photosynthesis (GPP) are difficult to quantify, and land surface models have been designed to simulate them. Investigating how anthropogenic aerosols have impacted GPP through diffuse light in those models requires carefully designed factorial simulations and a reconstruction of background diffuse light levels during the pre-industrial period. Currently, it remains poorly understood how diffuse radiation reconstruction methods can affect GPP estimation and what fraction of GPP changes can be attributed to aerosols. In this study, we investigate different methods to reconstruct spatio-temporal distribution of the fraction of diffuse radiation (Fdf) under pre-industrial aerosol emission conditions using a land surface model with a two-stream canopy light transmission scheme that resolves diffuse light effects on photosynthesis in a multi-layered canopy, ORCHIDEE_DF. We show that using a climatologically-averaged monthly Fdf, as has been done by earlier studies, can bias the global GPP by up to 13 Pg C yr−1 because this reconstruction method dampens the variability of Fdf and produces Fdf that is inconsistent with short-wave incoming surface radiation. In order to correctly simulate pre-industrial GPP modulated by diffuse light, we thus recommend that the Fdf forcing field should be calculated consistently with synoptic, monthly and inter-annual aerosol and cloud variability for pre-industrial years. In the absence of aerosol and cloud data, alternative reconstructions need to retain the full variability in Fdf. Our results highlight the importance of keeping consistent Fdf and radiation for land surface models in future experimental designs that seek to investigate the impacts of diffuse radiation on GPP and other carbon fluxes.
CABra: a novel large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments
Authors: Almagro André , Oliveira Paulo Tarso S. , Meira Neto Antônio Alves , Roy Tirthankar , Troch Peter
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra), which is a large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments that includes long-term data (30 years) for 735 catchments in eight main catchment attribute classes (climate, streamflow, groundwater, geology, soil, topography, land-cover, and hydrologic disturbance). We have collected and synthesized data from multiple sources (ground stations, remote sensing, and gridded datasets). To prepare the dataset, we delineated all the catchments using the Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain Digital Elevation Model and the coordinates of the streamflow stations provided by the Brazilian Water Agency, where only the stations with 30 years (1980–2010) of data and less than 10 % of missing records were included. Catchment areas range from 9 to 4 800 000 km2 and the mean daily streamflow varies from 0.02 to 9 mm d-1. Several signatures and indices were calculated based on the climate and streamflow data. Additionally, our dataset includes boundary shapefiles, geographic coordinates, and drainage area for each catchment, aside from more than 100 attributes within the attribute classes. The collection and processing methods are discussed along with the limitations for each of our multiple data sources. The CABra intends to improve the hydrology-related data collection in Brazil and pave the way for a better understanding of different hydrologic drivers related to climate, landscape, and hydrology, which is particularly important in Brazil, having continental-scale river basins and widely heterogeneous landscape characteristics. In addition to benefitting catchment hydrology investigations, CABra will expand the exploration of novel hydrologic hypotheses and thereby advance our understanding of Brazilian catchments' behavior. The dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4070147.
Thinning leads to calving-style changes at Bowdoin Glacier, Greenland
Authors: van Dongen Eef C. H. , Jouvet Guillaume , Sugiyama Shin , Podolskiy Evgeny A. , Funk Martin , Benn Douglas I. , Lindner Fabian , Bauder Andreas , Seguinot Julien , Leinss Silvan , Walter Fabian
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Ice mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet is the largest single contributor to sea-level rise in the 21st century. The mass loss rate has accelerated in recent decades mainly due to thinning and retreat of its outlet glaciers. The diverse calving mechanisms responsible for tidewater glacier retreat are not fully understood yet. Since a tidewater glacier’s sensitivity to external forcings depends on its calving style, a detailed insight into calving processes is necessary to improve projections of ice sheet mass loss by calving. As tidewater glaciers are mostly thinning, their calving styles are expected to change. Here, we study calving behaviour changes under a thinning regime at Bowdoin Glacier, Northwest Greenland, by combining field and remote sensing data from 2015 to 2019. Previous studies showed that major calving events in 2015 and 2017 were driven by hydro-fracturing and melt-undercutting. New observations from UAV imagery and a GPS network installed at the calving front in 2019 suggest ungrounding and buoyant calving have recently occurred, as they show (1) increasing tidal modulation of vertical motion compared to previous years, (2) absence of a surface crevasse prior to calving, and (3) uplift and horizontal surface compression prior to calving. Furthermore, an inventory of calving events from 2015 to 2019 based on satellite imagery provides additional support for a change towards buoyant calving since it shows an increasing occurrence of calving events outside of the melt season. The observed change of calving style could lead to a possible retreat of the terminus, which has been stable since 2013. We therefore highlight the need for high-resolution monitoring to detect changing calving styles and numerical models that cover the full spectrum of calving mechanisms to improve projections of ice sheet mass loss by calving.
Forty-year Simulations of Firn Processes over the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Medley Brooke , Neumann Thomas A. , Zwally H. Jay , Smith Benjamin E.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Conversion of altimetry-derived ice-sheet volume change to mass requires an understanding of the evolution of the combined ice and air content within the firn column. In the absence of suitable techniques to observe the changes to the firn column across the entirety of an ice sheet, the firn column processes are typically modelled. Here, we present new 40-year simulations of firn processes over the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets using the Community Firn Model and atmospheric reanalysis variables. A dataset of more than 250 measured depth-density profiles from both ice sheets provides the basis of the calibration of the dry-snow densification scheme. The resulting scheme results in a reduction in the rate of densification, relative to a commonly used semi-empirical model, through a decreased dependence on the accumulation rate, a proxy for overburden stress. The modelled firn column runoff, when combined with atmospheric variables from MERRA-2, generates realistic mean integrated surface mass balance values for the Greenland (+361 Gt yr−1) and Antarctic (+2623 Gt yr−1) ice sheets when compared to published model-ensemble means. We find that seasonal volume changes associated with firn air content are approximately 3 times larger than those associated with surface mass balance; however, when averaged over multiple years, ice and air-volume fluctuations within the firn column are of comparable magnitudes. Between 1996 and 2019, the Greenland Ice Sheet lost more than 5 % of its firn air content indicating a reduction in the total meltwater retention capability. Nearly all (>98 %) of the meltwater produced over the Antarctic Ice Sheet is retained within the firn column through infiltration and refreezing.
Análise de tensões pelo método dos elementos finitos em implantes dentários com plataforma cone morse
Authors: Machado Dâmaso Maria Angélica , Rezende Santos Alexandre Assis , Magalhães Ricardo Rodrigues , Fonseca Douglas Campideli
Published: October 2020

A previsão do comportamento mecânico de implantes dentários inclinados é um fator importante na áreaodontológica e o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) é considerado uma ferramenta para esse fim. Objetivo: analisar a distribuição de tensões e deslocamentos em implantes cônicos do tipo cone morse com 3,5 mm de diâmetro e pilares com 4,8 mm e 3,8 mm de diâmetro, submetidos a carregamentos de compressão (100 N e 200 N), inclinados a 20º e 45º com base de aço inoxidável e osso cortical via MEF. Materiais e método: utilizaram-se dois modelos tridimensionais de implantes e pilares instalados de forma inclinada a 20º e 45º, os quais foram submetidos a carregamentos de compressão no sentido vertical para baixo (eixo – Y). Resultados: as tensões máximas de von Mises apresentaram valores superiores para geometrias com inclinação de 45º e carregamento de 200 N. Foi possível verificar ainda que os resultados para implantes submetidos ao carregamento de 100 N a 45º apresentaram valores superiores (574,16 MPa), quando comparado com dados da literatura, com diferença de 8,7%. O mesmo pôde ser verificado para resultados de deslocamento, onde o conjunto de implantes-pilares com inclinação maior (45º) apresentou maiores valores, quando comparados com implantes-pilares com inclinação menor (20º). Conclusão: foi possível certificar via MEF que as maiores tensões são obtidas para carregamentos com inclinações maiores, sendo que o mesmo ocorre para valores de deslocamento. O MEF demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável na área odontológica para prever o comportamento mecânico de implantes dentários.
The San Antonio, Chile, earthquake of 3 March 1985
Authors: Connor Ian N.
Published: October 2020

This paper consists of the author8s observations on the damage caused by the earthquake of 3 March 1985, centred near San Antonio, Chile. The damage was inspected approximately four weeks after the earthquake. At that time the overall cost of the damage caused by the earthquake was estimated at NZ$1,750 million.
Distribution of scatter in New Zealand accelerograph data
Authors: Berrill J. B.
Published: October 2020

This study examines the currently available set of 22 New Zealand strong motion accelerograms to determine values of the scatter parameters for use in correcting for attenuation uncertainty in seismic hazard analyses. In particular, scatter of observed acceleration response spectral ordinates about mean values predicted by the attenuation law of Katayama, Iwaski and Seaki is investigated. It is found that to a high level of statistical significancef the observed spectral ordinates are log-normally distributed about the predicted values. For the data as a whole, lumping samples from the nine natural periods studied, the standard deviation of the logarithmic residuals is σ10=0.25. However, values ofσ10 for distinct natural periods are quite scattered in an apparently random manner, suggesting that the set of accelerograms is not large enough to yield stable results on a period-by-period basis. Furthermore, since there is no recording of severely damaging ground motions amongst the accelerograms, it is not clear that the value of σ10=0.25 is characteristic of hazardous ground motions in New Zealand, especially when it is compared with the value of 0.3 obtained from the more extensive Japanese data set. For immediate practical purposes, it is proposed that scatter parameters obtained from a combined New Zealand-Japanese data set be used. These records taken together yield values of σ10 increasing from 0.28 at a natural period of 0.1s to 0.32 at 1.0 seconds and above. Employing these values rather than σ10 = 0.25, results in a 20 percent increase in the peak of the 150-year uniform risk spectrum for Wellington.
Diversity in Pacific Slender-Toed Geckos, Nactus pelagicus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata), of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands
Authors: R. Zug George
Published: October 2020

The diversity within the
genus Nactus is slight in comparison
to the other Australasian genus of narrow-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus). The latter now has more than 290 species, with over
half of these species newly described in the twenty-first century. In contrast,
prior to this study, 12 Nactus species
were recognized formally in the recent herpetological literature: three species
in the Mascarene Islands, two in the Pacific Islands, three in Australia, and
six in New Guinea and associated island groups. Three of these New Guinea
species are miniature (snout–vent length ≤ 40 mm) species, and three are in the
pelagicus complex; with the exception
of the recently described N. kunan,
all other New Guinean populations were labeled N. pelagicus even though they were known to be bisexual species and
differed from the unisexual N. pelagicus of
Oceania. Considering only bisexual New Guinean “pelagicus,” my
morphological analyses recognize 24 distinct populations for which I provide
new names or resurrected species names from synonymies. Of these 24, two
species are extralimital (Morotai and Kei Islands). The sampling of Nactus in Indonesia Papua is very poor,
with only one specimen from the base of the Vogelkop, two from south coast
drainages, and more than a dozen from islands from the east coast of Cenderawasih
Bay; the remainder derive from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Indonesia Papua
populations represent four species, two of which are shared with PNG. Papua New
Guinea thus has a total of 20 species, varying from widespread species (e.g.,
north coast of main Papua to the Sepik-Ramu area) to a single locality in
Madang or single islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Most distributions of
the PNG species match at least one other PNG anuran or reptile species. The
greatest diversity of PNG species occurs in Madang Province to Huon Peninsula
and the Milne Bay mainland with sympatry in both areas. The “pelagicus complex” of species is herein
confirmed to be polyphyletic. In spite of its use in this study, its subsequent
use should be restricted to the unisexual species and their parental species,
of which only one (N. multicarinatus)
is known. The preceding represents a subgroup within the larger clade of
Australian and New Guinean bisexual species. For the present, I do not
recommend a name for this group because a molecular phylogenetic analysis will
be required to identify the cladogenesis of the Nactus species.
Diversity in Pacific Slender-Toed Geckos, Nactus pelagicus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata), of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands
Authors: Zug George R.
Published: October 2020

The diversity within the genus Nactus is slight in comparison to the other Australasian genus of narrow-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus). The latter now has more than 290 species, with over half of these species newly
described in the twenty-first century. In contrast, prior to this study, 12 Nactus species were recognized formally in the recent herpetological literature: three species in the Mascarene Islands, two in the Pacific Islands, three in Australia, and
six in New Guinea and associated island groups. Three of these New Guinea species are miniature (snout–vent length ≤ 40 mm) species, and three are in the pelagicus complex; with the exception of the recently described N. kunan, all other
New Guinean populations were labeled N. pelagicus even though they were known to be bisexual species and differed from the unisexual N. pelagicus of Oceania. Considering only bisexual New Guinean “pelagicus,” my morphological analyses
recognize 24 distinct populations for which I provide new names or resurrected species names from synonymies. Of these 24, two species are extralimital (Morotai and Kei Islands). The sampling of Nactus in Indonesia Papua is very poor, with
only one specimen from the base of the Vogelkop, two from south coast drainages, and more than a dozen from islands from the east coast of Cenderawasih Bay; the remainder derive from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Indonesia Papua
populations represent four species, two of which are shared with PNG. Papua New Guinea thus has a total of 20 species, varying from widespread species (e.g., north coast of main Papua to the Sepik-Ramu area) to a single locality in Madang
or single islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Most distributions of the PNG species match at least one other PNG anuran or reptile species. The greatest diversity of PNG species occurs in Madang Province to Huon Peninsula and the Milne Bay
mainland with sympatry in both areas. The “pelagicus complex” of species is herein confirmed to be polyphyletic. In spite of its use in this study, its subsequent use should be restricted to the unisexual species and their parental species, of which
only one (N. multicarinatus) is known. The preceding represents a subgroup within the larger clade of Australian and New Guinean bisexual species. For the present, I do not recommend a name for this group because a molecular phylogenetic
analysis will be required to identify the cladogenesis of the Nactus species.
Growth and Yield Parameters of Introduced Oil Palm Crop in Uganda
Authors: Ddamulira Gabriel , Asiimwe Alex , Masika Fred , Amugoli Moses , Ddumba Gerald , Nambuya Alice , Wetaala Patrick , Maphosa Mcebisi
Published: October 2020

Oil palm is commercially grown on Bugala Island within Lake Victoria. But with increasing demand for vegetable oils in Uganda more areas for oil palm production are required. A study was conducted to identify new areas suitable for oil palm production. The experiment was super-imposed on 45 × 45 m plots in 3-year old oil palm plantations in Bugiri, Buvuma, Kibaale and Masaka. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. From 2011 to 2013 results indicated significant (P < 0.05) mean increments from 98.9 to 141 cm in height, 166 to 377 cm in stem girth, 24.3 to 30.1 in number of open leaves and 40.3 to 81.2 in number of flowered palm trees. On the monthly basis the highest fresh fruit bunch (FFB) number and yield were realized in May and October, respectively which corresponded with the peak rain months. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.05) increments of 40.9% in number of FFB, 55.4% in bunch weight and 16.9% in yield were observed from 2014 to 2016. Across sites, Kibaale had the highest (601.5 FFB ha-1) number of FFB while Masaka registered the lowest number (452.2 FFB ha-1). Oil palm yield in Kibaale and Buvuma was twice higher than in Masaka. But, yield in Bugiri was not significantly different from that of Buvuma and Kibaale but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in Masaka. The findings on growth and yield of introduced oil palm crop revealed that Kibale, Buvuma and Bugiri are potential areas for oil palm production in Uganda.
Towards Use of Cleaner Fuels in Urban and Rural Households in Colombia: Empirical Evidence from 2010 to 2016
Authors: Perez Jhon , Bernal Efram , Rodriguez-Sanchez Patricia
Published: October 2020

Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are considered as modern fuels particularly in the urban and rural areas in developing countries. In Colombia, approximately 6.5 million people, around 13% of the population in Colombia use traditional solid fuels for cooking. Using the Colombia Living Standard Survey (CLSS) data for 2010 to 2016 in this study is investigated the mainly socioeconomic factors that influence the choice of cooking fuel in households. A Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) model is used for empirical analysis. Results reveal several important socioeconomic variables that determine the use of fuels such as type of household, education level and household income. Moreover, results allow to show the successful implementation of the Colombian substitution energy policy, from solid to cleaner fuels such as LPG and NG along national territory. Additionally, we provide several maps to show the evolution of cooking fuel usage in rural and urban areas of Colombia from 2010 to 2016.
Ethical Inclinations
Authors: Benjamin Lucy ,   DePaul University
Published: October 2020

In this article I take up the image of inclination developed by Adriana Cavarero in her book, Inclinations: A Critique of Rectitude as a mode of developing an account of history informed by an ontology of heterogeneous ethics. Clarifying the potential of inclination contra the Kantian figure of “uprightness,” the principle task of this article is to reimagine the implications of inclination with regard to Walter Benjamin’s theses on history. Ultimately, I show that by pushing at the relationality inherent to an inclined ontology of the self a meaningful exchange can be generated between plural historical temporalities, a move that reveals the inclined figure’s potential to redeem narratives of the historically dispossessed.
Critique et appropriation
Authors: Karfík Filip ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with a series of writings on Plato and Platonism issued by Jan Patočka (1907–1977) in the immediate post-war period. In Eternity and Historicity (1947), he contrasts Platonism as metaphysics of being with Socratism as questioning the meaning of human existence, and criticizes modern forms of Platonism of ethical values interpreted as objectively valid norms. In lectures on Plato (1947–1948), he explains Plato’s theory of Forms in terms of Husserl’s theory of horizontal intentionality and Heidegger’s theory of ontological difference. Similarly, in Negative Platonism (1952) he interprets Plato’s theory of Forms in terms of a distinction he makes between between the eidetic contents (the intelligible Form) and the transcendental character (chōrismos) of the Platonic Idea. The latter is the necessary condition of the former but it does not constitute an intelligible object of its own. Patočka suggests retaining the Platonic notion of transcendence while dissociating it from the metaphysics of intelligible Forms. The paper puts these post-war writings on Plato and Platonism into the context of Patočka’s search for his own position as a phenomenologist.
Subject to Soul, Object to World: Jan Patočka’s Platonism of Care
Authors: Tsagdis Georgios , Uljée Rozemund ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

Jan Patočka thought travels on the parallel rails of a-subjective phenomenology and the care of the soul. For the most part, their parallel supportive function remains unproblematic. However, in order to appreciate the significance of Patočka’s contribution to the history of philosophy and the stakes of its undertaking, the alignment of the rails must be tested: how can a phenomenology, which strives to dislocate the subject from its experiential privilege, attempt to bring the soul into both the onto-epistemic as well as the ethico-political epicentre? By revising Platonism, Patočka wagers an ambitious, fragile answer, which opens nothing less than the space of freedom.
A “Principally Unacceptable” Theory
Authors: Byrne Thomas ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

This paper accomplishes two goals. First, the essay elucidates Husserl’s descriptions of meaning consciousness from the 1901 Logical Investigations. I examine Husserl’s observations about the three ways we can experience meaning and I discuss his conclusions about the structure of meaning intentions. Second, the paper explores how Husserl reworked that 1901 theory in his 1913/14 Revisions to the Sixth Investigation. I explore how Husserl transformed his descriptions of the three intentions involved in meaningful experience. By doing so, Husserl not only recognized intersubjective communication as the condition of possibility of linguistic meaning acts, but also transformed his account of the structure of both signitive and intuitive acts. In the conclusion, I cash out this analysis, by showing how, on the basis of these new insights, Husserl reconstructs his theory of fulfillment.
Hen epi pollon. The Origin of Husserl’s Eidetic Variation and the Divide Between Plato and Aristotle on the Universal
Authors: Djian Aurélien ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

It is commonly known that Husserl’s eidetic variation is of paramount importance for phenomenology. For if phenomenology is a science of pure essences and formulates scientific laws about such essences, there has to be something like a method to follow in order to discover and test such eidetic truths; and this method is dubbed as eidetic variation. Now, a crucial aspect of this method has not been under active consideration yet: namely, as Husserl stresses in Experience and Judgment, that the eidetic variation is somehow to be related to the Greek notion of “hen epi pollôn”: the one over the many. An expression first used by Aristotle in the context of his dispute with Plato on the status of intelligible objects as universals. Accordingly, it seems clear that, by using this expression, Husserl wanted to refer his method to this Aristotle/Plato divide. The aim of this paper is to take this claim seriously, and to show, by an historical detour which takes into consideration this dispute, in which sense this method can be considered as a crucial contribution to the tradition to which phenomenology belongs, namely the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.
Etre, presence et verite: Platon chez Heidegger (et a rebours)
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

In this article, I wish to present and discuss some Heideggerian theses concerning the notions of “being,” “presence” and “truth” in Plato’s dialogues, taking as a point of departure Heidegger’s course on Plato’s Sophist given in Marburg in 1924–1925. My aim is to show that the fundamental philosophical link that unites them makes it possible to better understand seemingly obscure aspects of the Platonic conception of being and knowledge as it is presented in particular in the concluding pages of Republic V (476e–479e), to which this article is therefore essentially devoted.
PARA UMA FILOLOGIA NA PESQUISA EM LINGUÍSTICA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Lose Alícia Duhá , Souza Arivaldo Sacramento de
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a necessária relação entre a Linguística Histórica e a Filologia analisada aqui no âmbito da Crítica Textual, visto que nos propomos discutir como os critérios utilizados na preparação de edições e a relegação a segundo plano da materialidade dos textos editados podem influenciar o resultado das análises linguísticas. Para isso, tentaremos rever alguns posicionamentos e rearticulá-los para um debate em torno do estudo filológico para pesquisa linguística, fora daquela dimensão servil a que muitos pesquisadores dão à Filologia e à Paleografia como uma operação técnica de composição de documentos para extração de dados.
NOTAS SOBRE VARIAÇÃO TOPONÍMICA: CO-OCORRÊNCIA E CONCORRÊNCIA DE NOMES DE LUGARES NO BRASIL COLÔNIA
Authors: Santos Cezar Alexandre Neri
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho discute os processos de variação linguística em nomes próprios de lugares numa perspectiva diacrônica. Considerando que, nas denominações geográficas, as variantes costumam ocorrer nos níveis lexicais e grafo-fonéticos, tal debate assinala algumas especificidades em relação a corpora toponímicos históricos, especialmente ao descrever e analisar topônimos sergipenses coletados em cartas de sesmarias da capitania de Sergipe Del Rey dos séculos XVI e XVII. Além disso, advoga-se pelo estabelecimento filológico de corpora dessa natureza, para que o tratamento toponímico esteja isento de afirmações fantasiosas.
Development of methodological foundations for the design of logging infrastructure taking into account the dynamically changing environment
Authors: Mokhirev Aleksandr , Rukomojnikov Konstantin , Gerasimova Marina , Medvedev Sergey
Published: October 2020

Development of forest resources is currently associated with significant difficulties, primarily due to unsatisfactory infrastructure in greater part of the forest area. It is necessary to create an effective, mathematically based forest infrastructure so that the forest industry will be developing actively. This will create the prerequisites for effective continuous and sustainable use of the forest. At the same time, the transport and economic availability of wood resources will increase significantly. There are many options for organizing the logging process by forestry enterprises. In most cases, they are selected by management based on personal experience. This study is a continuation of the work of the author's team on the complex problem of algorithmization and optimization of logging operations, taking into account the analysis of various moving and processing operations of wood resources. In previous publications, the authors presented a graphic-analytical model for solving the task. This article presents a description of the algorithm developed on the basis of the presented mathematical and graphic-analytical models for finding an effective technological chain of transport, loading and unloading and processing operations of the logging process in dynamic natural production conditions. The developed algorithm can be considered as a methodological basis for logging infrastructure design, taking into account the dynamically changing environment.
Modelling relationships between raw milk quality parameters and climatic conditions - the case study of a 3-years survey in Serbia
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Miočionović Jelena , Bojčevski Marija , Šmigić Nada , Tomašević Igor
Published: October 2020

This work examined the relationships between quality characteristics of raw milk and climatic conditions. Over a period of three years, a total of 5,065 samples were collected encompassing two types of farms. The quality characteristics analysed were titratable acidity (TA), total plate count (TPC) and somatic cells count (SCC). Climatic conditions were evaluated in respect to the outdoor air temperature, pressure, humidity and precipitation. Big farms showed a stronger correlation between TA and climatic conditions as opposed to SCC and climatic conditions. TPC was out of limit in big farms when the outdoor air temperature was higher than 19.8 °C (p<0.05) and during periods with accumulated precipitation over 4.2 mm (p>0.05). Small farms showed a stronger correlation between SCC and climatic conditions as opposed to TA. In these farms, occurrence of acidity out of limit was detected in less than 7.2% of samples. Samples with TA out of limit were observed when air temperature was higher than 18.4 °C (p<0.05) and accumulated precipitation was below 3.1 mm (p>0.05). These results can be used to improve good agricultural practices in respect to climatic conditions and size of farms.
Cooking and functional properties of parboiled milled local rice marketed in the south-east zone of Nigeria
Authors: Azuka Chinenye , Nkama Iro , Eze Chinwendu R. , Danbaba Nahemiah , Asoiro Felix U.
Published: October 2020

Imported rice is perceived to have better cooking properties than locally grown rice in Nigeria and it has increased its market share while reducing patronage for local rice. Rice in Nigeria has many applications, including consumption as whole cooked grain or dumpling or use as an adjunct in making beverages. Eighteen varieties of parboiled milled local rice and three imported rice varieties, coded Ip1, Ip2 and Ip3, were studied for their cooking and functional properties using standard methods. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the dimensions of all the rice varieties when cooked. There was a 25 g increase in the grain weight and an elongation ratio of more than 1.26 in all the rice varieties. Ghesua had the highest cooked grain weight (68.67 g) while Omor-Mas (6.00) and R-Bus (6.00) had the highest volume expansion ratio (VER). The VER was more than 3.00 for all the rice varieties. All the local rice varieties imbibed less water (17.67-25.33 ml) compared to the imported rice varieties (26.00-27.67ml) before they reached their optimum cooking time. The imported rice varieties were of soft gel consistency (89.67-73.50 mm) and intermediate amylose content (20.71-23.14 %) while the local rice varied in amylose and gel consistency. Abakiliki-Mas (27.00 mm) and R-8 (33.67 mm) were of hard gel-consistency, intermediate (21.11 %) and high amylose (27.21 %) content respectively and have not been exploited although they would be appropriate for making canned rice, dry mixes and rice-noodles.
Rural Banditry in Northwest Nigeria Amidst a Global Pandemic: A Gender Perspective
Authors: Ajodo-Adebanjoko Angela
Published: October 2020

Rural banditry in Nigeria’s northwest in recent years has made the zone a hotbed of violence. What started as localized disputes in the agro-pastoral sector in 2010 has today metamorphosed into an intractable crisis posing a major threat to national and regional security. Banditry
in the zone is characterized by large scale killings, abductions, raids on communities, rape of women and girls and displacement of people and is exacerbated by collapse of governance and absence of law and order, injustice, porous borders and proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs)
among others. In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, banditry continues to take devastating tolls on its victims, especially women who are the most vulnerable in times of crisis. Women and girls face a double challenge of gender-based violence perpetrated by bandits and intimate partners
during the global health crisis. The pervasiveness, intensity and intractability of banditry in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic is worrisome as it could make worse existing gender inequalities such as rape, transactional sex, child marriages, increase in the number of out-of-school girls
and the practice of purdah. To address the conflict, a multi-approach involving all stakeholders in the conflict is recommended.
Critical role of WNK1 in MYC-dependent early mouse thymocyte development
Authors: Köchl Robert , Vanes Lesley , Llorian Sopena Miriam , Chakravarty Probir , Hartweger Harald , Fountain Kathryn , White Andrea , Cowan Jennifer , Anderson Graham , Tybulewicz Victor LJ
Published: October 2020

WNK1, a kinase that controls kidney salt homeostasis, also regulates adhesion and migration in CD4+T cells.Wnk1is highly expressed in thymocytes, and since migration is important for thymocyte maturation, we investigated a role for WNK1 in mouse thymocyte development. We find that WNK1 is required for the transition of double negative (DN) thymocytes through the β-selection checkpoint and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into double positive (DP) thymocytes. Furthermore, we show that WNK1 negatively regulates LFA1-mediated adhesion and positively regulates CXCL12-induced migration in DN thymocytes. Despite this, migration defects of WNK1-deficient thymocytes do not account for the developmental arrest. Instead, we show that in DN thymocytes WNK1 transduces pre-TCR signals via OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and the SLC12A2 ion co-transporter that are required for post-transcriptional upregulation of MYC and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into DP thymocytes. Thus, a pathway regulating ion homeostasis is a critical regulator of thymocyte development.
Cytoplasmic sharing through apical membrane remodeling
Authors: Peterson Nora G , Stormo Benjamin M , Schoenfelder Kevin P , King Juliet S , Lee Rayson RS , Fox Donald T
Published: October 2020

Multiple nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm are found in diverse tissues, organisms, and diseases. Yet, multinucleation remains a poorly understood biological property. Cytoplasm sharing invariably involves plasma membrane breaches. In contrast, we discovered cytoplasm sharing without membrane breaching in highly resorptiveDrosophilarectal papillae. During a six-hour developmental window, 100 individual papillar cells assemble a multinucleate cytoplasm, allowing passage of proteins of at least 62 kDa throughout papillar tissue. Papillar cytoplasm sharing does not employ canonical mechanisms such as incomplete cytokinesis or muscle fusion pore regulators. Instead, sharing requires gap junction proteins (normally associated with transport of molecules < 1 kDa), which are positioned by membrane remodeling GTPases. Our work reveals a new role for apical membrane remodeling in converting a multicellular epithelium into a giant multinucleate cytoplasm.
Costs and Returns Analysis of Maize Production in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya U. F. , Emeghara U. U. , Onwuegbunam N. E. , John R. Akanni- , Olagunju O. E. , Suleiman R. , Aasa O. S. , Agbomakha F. I. , Ganiyu L. , Olukotun O.
Published: October 2020

This study was carried out to estimate costs and returns associated with maize production in Lere local government area of Kaduna state. Data were collected from a sample of 100 maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis. The result showed that 82% were in their working age of between 21-50 years, majority of the farmers 53% were married, 91% had formal education, in terms of farming experience, majority (68%) of the respondent had farming experience that is above one year. The result revealed that maize farming is profitable investment in the study area with a total return of N 194,545.00 and net farm income of N 81,275.00 per hectare with a benefit cost ratio of 1.72 and a return on capital invested of 0.42. All the farmers identified maize as an important source of food to households in the study area. However maize farming is facing several constraints such as lack of capital (73%), high cost of farm inputs (69%), lack of credit facilities (67%), inadequate storage facilities (53%), inadequate processing facilities (50%), incidence of pests and diseases infestation (46%), poor road network (40%) and poor extension services (33%). Therefore, it is recommended that credit facilities    should be provided so that farmers can have fund to purchase farm inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides and be able to employ adequate labour, storage and processing facilities such as silo and shelling machine should be made available to farmers at subsidized and affordable price as a form of government intervention, adequate workshops and seminars especially on training farmers on  methods of weed and pests control should be organized by extension agents and farmers should  be encouraged to form themselves into cooperative groups so that they can pool their resources together in getting adequate funds to finance maize production activities.
FHL1 promotes glioblastoma aggressiveness through regulating EGFR expression
Authors: Sun Lili , Chen Lili , Zhu Hua , Li Yumo , Chen Clark C. , Li Ming
Published: October 2020

The four‐and‐a‐half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) plays a key role in multiple cancers. Here, we characterized its role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and incurable form of brain cancer. Overexpression of FHL1 promotes growth, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, FHL1 silencing by RNAi exhibits the opposite effects. FHL1 interacts with the transcription factor SP1 to upregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activate the downstream signaling cascades, including Src, Akt, Erk1/2, and Stat3, leading to GBM malignancy. FHL1 is highly expressed and positively correlated with EGFR levels in human GBM, particularly those of the classical subtype. Our results suggest that the FHL1‐SP1‐EGFR axis plays a tumor‐promoting role, and highlight the translational potential of inhibiting FHL1 for GBM treatment.
Inorganic Nanomaterial‐Mediated Gene Therapy in Combination with Other Antitumor Treatment Modalities
Authors: Lin Guanyou , Revia Richard A. , Zhang Miqin
Published: October 2020

Cancer is a genetic disease originating from the accumulation of gene mutations in a cellular subpopulation. Although many therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat cancer, recent studies have revealed an irrefutable challenge that tumors evolve defenses against some therapies. Gene therapy may prove to be the ultimate panacea for cancer by correcting the fundamental genetic errors in tumors. The engineering of nanoscale inorganic carriers of cancer therapeutics has shown promising results in the efficacious and safe delivery of nucleic acids to treat oncological diseases in small‐animal models. When these nanocarriers are used for co‐delivery of gene therapeutics along with auxiliary treatments, the synergistic combination of therapies often leads to an amplified health benefit. In this review, an overview of the inorganic nanomaterials developed for combinatorial therapies of gene and other treatment modalities is presented. First, the main principles of using nucleic acids as therapeutics, inorganic nanocarriers for medical applications and delivery of gene/drug payloads are introduced. Next, the utility of recently developed inorganic nanomaterials in different combinations of gene therapy with each of chemo, immune, hyperthermal, and radio therapy is examined. Finally, current challenges in the clinical translation of inorganic nanomaterial‐mediated therapies are presented and outlooks for the field are provided.
Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems
Authors: Ko Yohan , Park HyunJung , Lee Chanyong , Kang Yoonmook , Jun Yongseok
Published: October 2020

Hybrid tandem solar cells offer the benefits of low cost and full solar spectrum utilization. Among the hybrid tandem structures explored to date, the most popular ones have four (simple stacking design) or two (terminal/tunneling layer addition design) terminal electrodes. Although the latter design is more cost‐effective than the former, its widespread application is hindered by the difficulty of preparing an interface between two solar cell materials. The oldest approach to the in‐series bonding of two or more bandgap solar cells relies on the introduction of a tunneling layer in multijunction III–V solar cells, but it has some limitations, e.g., the related materials/technologies are applicable only to III–V and certain other solar cells. Thus, alternative methods of realizing junction contacts based on the use of novel materials are highly sought after. Here, the strategies used to realize high‐performance tandem cells are described, focusing on interface control in terms of bonding two or more solar cells for tandem approaches. The presented information is expected to aid the establishment of ideal methods of connecting two or more solar cells to obtain the highest performance for different solar cell choices with minimized energy loss through the interface.
A Versatile Nonviral Delivery System for Multiplex Gene‐Editing in the Liver
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Hong‐Xia , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Hu Hanze , Vatan Naazanene , Guo Jonathan , Ho Tzu‐Chieh , Huang Dantong , Li Mingqiang , Shao Dan , Leong Kam W.
Published: October 2020

Recent advances in CRISPR present attractive genome‐editing toolsets for therapeutic strategies at the genetic level. Here, a liposome‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (lipoMSN) is reported as an effective CRISPR delivery system for multiplex gene‐editing in the liver. The MSN provides efficient loading of Cas9 plasmid as well as Cas9 protein/guide RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), while liposome‐coating offers improved serum stability and enhanced cell uptake. Hypothesizing that loss‐of‐function mutation in the lipid‐metabolism‐related genespcsk9,apoc3, andangptl3would improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides, the lipoMSN is used to deliver a combination of RNPs targeting these genes. When targeting a single gene, the lipoMSN achieved a 54% gene‐editing efficiency, besting the state‐of‐art Lipofectamine CRISPRMax. For multiplexing, lipoMSN maintained significant gene‐editing at each gene target despite reduced dosage of target‐specific RNP. By delivering combinations of targeting RNPs in the same nanoparticle, synergistic effects on lipid metabolism are observed in vitro and vivo. These effects, such as a 50% decrease in serum cholesterol after 4 weeks of post‐treatment with lipoMSN carrying bothpcsk9andangptl3‐targeted RNPs, could not be reached with a single gene‐editing approach. Taken together, this lipoMSN represents a versatile platform for the development of efficient, combinatorial gene‐editing therapeutics.
Diversity of the international competitive performance of the food industry of the European Union member states
Authors: Juchniewicz Małgorzata , Łukiewska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study is to fill in gaps in research in the area of multifaceted evaluation of competitive performance of the food industry in European Union member states. The study involved calculation of the export share in the world market, the ratio of shown comparative advantage, the ratio of coverage of import with export and the Grubel–Lloyd index and then construction of a synthetic measure of international competitiveness in the years 2009–2012. The group of the states with a high competitive position of their food industry included the Netherlands, France, Spain, and Denmark. In the case of the Netherlands and France, this fact was determined, above all, by their high share in the export world, and in the case of Spain and Denmark, their significant comparative advantage. A considerable market share was also characteristic of Germany, which was ultimately classified as a country with a medium competitive position due to a relatively small importance of the industry in the entire export of this country. [EconLit Citations: F14, L66].