bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual Warming in the Coastal Region of Northern South China Sea and Its Impact on the Sudden Intensification of Tropical Cyclone Tembin (2012)
Authors: Zheng Zhe-Wen
Published: January 2014

Tropical cyclone Tembin (2012) passed twice and made landfall over south tip of Taiwan in August 2012. During its passage, an unusual sea surface warming was generated at22.5∘N,117∘Ein the coastal region of northern South China Sea. Subsequently, Tembin passed over this extreme warming region and its intensity was enhanced drastically and suddenly from Category 1 to Category 3 within less than 1-day time interval. This unusual warming seems to largely prompt the intensification of Tembin. Next, the relationship between this extreme warming and rapid intensification of Tembin is identified by atmospheric model Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) with updated time-varying lower boundary condition. In addition, given the tight relationship between generation of unusual warming in the shore region and following possible TC intensification, a series of numerical experiments based on oceanic model Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) were designed and executed to resolve the possible generated mechanism of the extreme warming. The results indicate that a distinct positive short-wave radiation influx anomaly may dominate the generation of the unusual warming in the shore region during Tembin’s passage. This result is validated by the distributions of free cloudy coverage shown in satellite infrared images.
Dual Sensory Impairment among Community Dwelling Rural Elderly: Concern for Rehabilitation
Authors: Ramamurthy Deepthi , Kasthuri Arvind , Sonavane Rekha
Published: January 2014

Background. There is an increase in dual sensory impairment (DSI) (hearing and visual) with increase in elderly population. Most causes of DSI among elderly are treatable. This study determines the prevalence and characteristics of dual sensory impairment among elderly of a rural community. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study conducted among 175 rural elderly. Visual acuity for distant vision was measured using Snellen E chart. Hearing ability was measured using pure tone audiometry. Results. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 72% and that of visual impairment was 48%. The overall prevalence of DSI among the study subjects was 17.7% and 32.6% depending on whether traditional pure tone average or high-frequency pure tone average was used to define moderate or worse degree of hearing impairment. DSI prevalence increased significantly with increase in age. DSI was higher among widow/ers and illiterates, who did not have any source of income and those who were financially dependent on others compared to their counter groups. Conclusion. Prevalence of DSI is high among community dwelling rural Indian elderly. Individuals with DSI produce unique challenges in rehabilitation. A team approach at primary health care level is necessary to diagnose and rehabilitate elderly thereby enabling them to easily lead an independent life.
Comparison of Solubilization Capacity of Resveratrol in Sodium 3α,12α-Dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Cvejić Jelena , Poša Mihalj , Sebenji Ana , Atanacković Milica
Published: January 2014

In this study we investigated resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) solubilization with sodium 3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoate (S7-OD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The investigation was aimed at determining whether large spherical micelles (SDS) or small longitudinal micelles (S7-OD) are more convenient for incorporation of resveratrol. Also, we studied resveratrol behavior in mixed micelles with mentioned surfactants using spectroflourimetric method as well as the effects of sodium chloride and urea on resveratrol solubilization capacity in the applied surfactants. Resveratrol solubilization curve was different in the investigated surfactants. Resveratrol solubilization curve for sodium 3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoate at concentration 0.9 CMC reached saturation level of 60% dissolved resveratrol. The curve for sodium dodecyl sulfate was linear within the whole range of the investigated concentration; resveratrol solubilization rate reached 13% at 2 CMC. In S7-OD, NaCl increased capacity of resveratrol solubilization up to 1.4 CMC surfactant concentration, whilst maximum level of dissolved resveratrol (90%) was observed at 0.9 CMC. In SDS, NaCl decreased resveratrol solubilization capacity. Urea reduced resveratrol solubilization rate in sodium 3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoate, whereas it had inverse effect in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The obtained results strongly suggest that structure, that is, shape, of the surfactant micelles significantly affects their capacity of resveratrol solubilization. Also, presence of NaCl and urea influences solubilization capacities of investigated surfactants.
HO-1 Induction by CO-RM2 Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Cytosolic Phospholipase A2Expression via Inhibition of PKCα-Dependent NADPH Oxidase/ROS and NF-κB
Authors: Chi Pei-Ling , Liu Chun-Ju , Lee I-Ta , Chen Yu-Wen , Hsiao Li-Der , Yang Chuen-Mao
Published: January 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltration of the synovium and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines. Cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2) is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the study was to investigate the detailed mechanisms of TNF-α-induced cPLA2expression and to determine whether carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CO-RM2) suppresses TNF-α-induced expression of NF-κB-related proinflammatory genes, including cPLA2, via HO-1 induction in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Here, we reported that TNF-α-induced cPLA2expression was mediated through TNFR1/PKCα-dependent signaling pathways, including NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation/ROS production and NF-κB activation. CO-RM2 significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced cPLA2expression by inhibiting the ROS generation and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IKKα/β, but not the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2. These results were further confirmed by a ChIP assay to detect the NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Our results demonstrated that induction of HO-1 by CO-RM2 exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which were required in concert to prevent the activation of NF-κB leading to induction of various inflammatory genes implicated in the pathogenesis of RA.
Differences in the Antigens ofHelicobacter pyloriStrains Influence on the Innate Immune Response in theIn VitroExperiments
Authors: Skvarc Miha , Kopitar Andreja Natasa , Kos Janko , Obermajer Natasa , Tepes Bojan
Published: January 2014

The immune response toHelicobacter pyloriimportantly determines the pathogenesis of infection as well as the success of antibiotic eradication of the bacteria. Strains ofH. pyloriwere gathered from 14 patients who failed to eradicateH. pyloriinfection with antibiotics—therapy resistant strains (TRS)—or from patients who were able to eradicateH. pyloriinfection—therapy susceptible strains (TSS). The THP-1 cells were stimulated withH. pyloriantigens. Cathepsin X expression on THP-1 cells and concentration of cytokines in the supernatant of THP-1 cells were measured with a flow cytometer. TSSH. pyloriantigens increased the proportion of cathepsin X positive cells compared to TRSH. pyloriantigens. TSSH. pyloriantigens induced higher secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 compared to TRSH. pyloriantigens (P<0.001; 0.02). Polymyxin B, a lipid A inhibitor, lowered the secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 in TRS and TSS. We demonstrated aH. pyloristrain-dependent cathepsin X and cytokine expression that can be associated withH. pyloriresistance to eradication due to lack of effective immune response. Differences in lipid A ofH. pylorimight have an influence on the insufficient immune response, especially on phagocytosis.
Simplified Process Model Discovery Based on Role-Oriented Genetic Mining
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Liu Xi , Dai Weihui
Published: January 2014

Process mining is automated acquisition of process models from event logs. Although many process mining techniques have been developed, most of them are based on control flow. Meanwhile, the existing role-oriented process mining methods focus on correctness and integrity of roles while ignoring role complexity of the process model, which directly impacts understandability and quality of the model. To address these problems, we propose a genetic programming approach to mine the simplified process model. Using a new metric of process complexity in terms of roles as the fitness function, we can find simpler process models. The new role complexity metric of process models is designed from role cohesion and coupling, and applied to discover roles in process models. Moreover, the higher fitness derived from role complexity metric also provides a guideline for redesigning process models. Finally, we conduct case study and experiments to show that the proposed method is more effective for streamlining the process by comparing with related studies.
Development of an Effective Nonchemical Method againstPlasmodiophora brassicaeon Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Gao Yu , Xu Guanghui
Published: January 2014

Clubroot disease, caused byPlasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious soil-borne disease of crucifer worldwide, and it can significantly reduce yield and quality. Although some agrochemicals have been used to manage clubroot and can provide effective control, increasing use of chemical inputs causes several negative effects. In this study, using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapaL. subsp.chinensis) as the test crop, we developed an effective nonchemical method that would protect the roots againstP. brassicaeinfection by using a combination heat treatment and a cocktail of biocontrol agents. The data showed that this method could cause 91.7% inhibition ofP. brassicaeinfection. The average height of plants (13.5 cm) using this method was about twice higher than that in control group (6.7 cm), and the average plant weight (3.19 g) was about three times increased compared to that in control set (1.23 g).
Preparation and Characterization of Starch Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Curcumin
Authors: Chin Suk Fun , Mohd Yazid Siti Nur Akmar , Pang Suh Cem
Published: January 2014

Curcumin was loaded onto starch nanoparticles by usingin situnanoprecipitation method and water-in-oil microemulsion system. Curcumin loaded starch nanoparticles exhibited enhanced solubility in aqueous solution as compared to free curcumin. Effects of formulation parameters such as types of reaction medium, types of surfactant, surfactant concentrations, oil/ethanol ratios, loading time, and initial curcumin concentration were found to affect the particle size and loading efficiency (LF) of the curcumin loaded starch nanoparticles. Under optimum conditions, curcumin loaded starch nanoparticles with mean particles size of 87 nm and maximum loading efficiency of 78% were achieved. Curcumin was observed to release out from starch nanoparticles in a sustained way under physiological pH over a period of 10 days.
CDK/CCN and CDKI Alterations for Cancer Prognosis and Therapeutic Predictivity
Authors: Bonelli Patrizia , Tuccillo Franca Maria , Borrelli Antonella , Schiattarella Antonietta , Buonaguro Franco Maria
Published: January 2014

The regulation of cell growth and division occurs in an accurate sequential manner. It is dictated by the accumulation of cyclins (CCNs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) complexes and degradation of CCNs. In human tumors, instead, the cell cycle is deregulated, causing absence of differentiation and aberrant cell growth. Oncogenic alterations of CCNs, CDKs, and CDKIs have been reported in more than 90% of human cancers, and the most frequent are those related to the G1 phase. Several molecular mechanisms, including gene overexpression, chromosomal translocations, point mutations, insertions and deletions, missense and frame shift mutation, splicing, or methylation, may be responsible for these alterations. The cell cycle regulators are involved in tumor progression given their association with cancers characterized by higher incidence of relapses and chemotherapy resistance. In the last decade anticancer drug researches focused on new compounds, able to target molecules related to changes in genes associated with tumor status. Recently, the studies have focused on the restoration of cell cycle control modulating molecular targets involved in cancer-cell alterations. This paper aims to correlate alterations of cell cycle regulators with human cancers and therapeutic responsivity.
Sanitary Risks Connected to the Consumption of Infusion fromSenna rotundifoliaL. Contaminated with Lead and Cadmium in Cotonou (Benin)
Authors: Montcho S. A. , Koudouvo K. , Yehouenou A. P. E. , Guedenon P. , Koumolou L. , Sopoh M. Oke , Dougnon V. , Gbéassor Mensavi F. , Creppy E. E. , Boko M. , Edorh A. P.
Published: January 2014

This study carried out an assessment of sanitary risks connected to the consumption ofSenna rotundifoliaLinn. contaminated with lead and cadmium. This plant was collected and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed a contamination of plants from markets of Dantokpa, Vossa, and Godomey with heavy metals.Sennafrom Vossa was higher in cadmium and lead levels (Pb: 2.733 mg/kg ± 0.356 mg/kg; Cd: 0.58 mg/kg ± 0.044 mg/kg) compared to the two other places (Pb: 1.825 mg/kg ± 0.133 mg/kg, Cd: 0.062 mg/kg ± 0.015 mg/kg and Pb: 1.902 mg/kg ± 0.265 mg/kg, Cd: 0.328 mg/kg ± 0.024 mg/kg), respectively, for Dantokpa and Godomey. In terms of risk assessment through the consumption ofSenna, the values recorded for lead were nine times higher with children and six times higher with adults than the daily permissive intake (Pb: 3.376 × 10−2 mg/kg/day for children and 2.105 × 10−2 mg/kg/day for adults versus 3.6 × 10−3 mg/kg/day for DPI). With respect to cadmium, there was no significant difference between the recorded values and the DPI (Cd: 1 × 14 10−3 mg/ kg/day for children and Cd: 0.71 × 10−3 mg/ kg/day for adults versus Cd: 1 × 10−3 mg/kg/day for adults). This exposure of the population to lead and cadmium through the consumption of antimalarial healing plants could pose public health problems.
Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiby PCR and Mouse Bioassay in Rodents of Ahvaz District, Southwestern Iran
Authors: Saki J. , Khademvatan S.
Published: January 2014

Toxoplasma gondiiis obligate coccidian zoonotic parasite. Felidae family is definitive and wide ranges of warm-blooded vertebrates are intermediate hosts for the parasite. Rodents are measured as an important source ofT. gondiiinfection for the definitive host. Thus, this study aimed to investigateToxoplasminfection in rodents of Ahvaz district, southwest of Iran. A total of 100 rodents (73Rattus norvegicus, 21Rattus rattus, and 6Mus musculus) were collected and studied by GRA6PCR and mouse bioassay. The finding indicated that 6 out of 100 (6%) and 2 out of 100 (2%) samples were positive by PCR and mouse bioassay, respectively. The results show notable chronic infection in the rodent and potential transmission of the infection among animal and men in the region. Accordingly, this study recommended investigating of theT. gondiiinfection in definitive and other intermediate hosts in other points of Khuzestan province, Southwest, Iran.
Measurement of the “Safe Zone” and the “Dangerous Zone” for the Screw Placement on the Quadrilateral Surface in the Treatment of Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures with Stoppa Approach by Computational 3D Technology
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Su Wanhan , Luo Qiang , Leung Frankie , Chen Bin
Published: January 2014

This study is aimed at definition of the safe and dangerous zone for screw placement with Stoppa approach for rapid identification during operation and a new way for the studies on the “safe zone.” Pelvic CT data of 84 human subjects were recruited to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) models. The distances between the edges of the “safe zone,” “dangerous zone,” and specific anatomic landmarks such as the obturator canal and the pelvic brim were precisely measured, respectively. The results show that the absolute “dangerous zone” was from the pelvic brim to 3.07 cm below it and within 2.86 cm of the obturator canal, while the region 3.56 cm below the pelvic brim or 3.85 cm away from the obturator canal was the absolute “safe zone” for screw placement. The region between the absolute “safe zone” and the absolute “dangerous zone” was the relatively “dangerous zone.” As a conclusion, application of computer-assisted 3D modeling techniques aids in the precise measurement of “safe zone” and “dangerous zone” in combination with Stoppa incision. It was not recommended to place screws on the absolute dangerous zone, while, for the relatively “dangerous zone,” it depends on the individual variations in bony anatomy and the fracture type.
Effect of Selenate on Viability and Selenomethionine Accumulation ofChlorella sorokinianaGrown in Batch Culture
Authors: Gojkovic Živan , Vílchez Carlos , Torronteras Rafael , Vigara Javier , Gómez-Jacinto Veronica , Janzer Nora , Gómez-Ariza José-Luis , Márová Ivana , Garbayo Ines
Published: January 2014

The aim of this work was to study the effect of Se(+VI) on viability, cell morphology, and selenomethionine accumulation of the green algaChlorella sorokinianagrown in batch cultures. Culture exposed to sublethal Se concentrations of 40 mg·L−1(212 μM) decreased growth rates for about 25% compared to control. A selenate EC50value of 45 mg·L−1(238.2 μM) was determined. Results showed that chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were not affected by Se exposure, while oxygen evolution decreased by half. Ultrastructural studies revealed granular stroma, fingerprint-like appearance of thylakoids which did not compromise cell activity. Unlike control cultures, SDS PAGE electrophoresis of crude extracts from selenate-exposed cell cultures revealed appearance of a protein band identified as 53 kDa Rubisco large subunit ofChlorella sorokiniana, suggesting that selenate affects expression of the corresponding chloroplast gene as this subunit is encoded in the chloroplast DNA. Results revealed that the microalga was able to accumulate up to 140 mg·kg−1of SeMet in 120 h of cultivation. This paper shows thatChlorella sorokinianabiomass can be enriched in the high value aminoacid SeMet in batch cultures, while keeping photochemical viability and carbon dioxide fixation activity intact, if exposed to suitable sublethal concentrations of Se.
An Assessment of Wound Healing Potential ofArgyreia speciosaLeaves
Authors: Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Yadav Narayan Prasad , Rawat Bindu , Rai Vineet Kumar , Shanker Karuna , Venkateswara Rao Chandana
Published: January 2014

In North India, poultice of young unfolded leaves ofArgyreia speciosaLinn. (Convolvulaceae) is used for healing wounds. In order to find scientific evidence for the traditional utilization of leaves ofA. speciosain wound healing, this investigation was carried out. A linear incision wound of about 3 cm in length and 2 mm in depth and circular excision wound of 177 mm2full thickness were made on the dorsal region of separate groups (n=5) of anesthetized Swiss albino mice. A simple ointment, developed by including ethanol, ethanol-water, and water extracts (10% each, separately) ofA. speciosa, was applied topically to mice once daily for 14 days after wounding. To evaluate the effect of each extract, wound contraction, epithelization period, wound breaking strength, and hydroxyproline content were determined. The water extract ofA. speciosashowed accelerated wound healing activity as evidenced by fast wound contraction (96.30±0.52%;P<0.01), rapid epithelization period (11.40±0.60days;P<0.001), greater wound breaking strength (376.56±21.16 g;P<0.001), and higher hydroxyproline content (16.49±1.12 mg/g;P<0.05) of granulation tissue. The present report supports the traditional use ofArgyreia speciosaleaves for wound healing and signify its relevant therapeutic potential.
A Quantitative Study of Gully Erosion Based on Object-Oriented Analysis Techniques: A Case Study in Beiyanzikou Catchment of Qixia, Shandong, China
Authors: Wang Tao , He Fuhong , Zhang Anding , Gu Lijuan , Wen Yangmao , Jiang Weiguo , Shao Hongbo
Published: January 2014

This paper took a subregion in a small watershed gully system at Beiyanzikou catchment of Qixia, China, as a study and, using object-orientated image analysis (OBIA), extracted shoulder line of gullies from high spatial resolution digital orthophoto map (DOM) aerial photographs. Next, it proposed an accuracy assessment method based on the adjacent distance between the boundary classified by remote sensing and points measured by RTK-GPS along the shoulder line of gullies. Finally, the original surface was fitted using linear regression in accordance with the elevation of two extracted edges of experimental gullies, named Gully 1 and Gully 2, and the erosion volume was calculated. The results indicate that OBIA can effectively extract information of gullies; average range difference between points field measured along the edge of gullies and classified boundary is 0.3166 m, with variance of 0.2116 m. The erosion area and volume of two gullies are 2141.6250 m2, 5074.1790 m3and 1316.1250 m2, 1591.5784 m3, respectively. The results of the study provide a new method for the quantitative study of small gully erosion.
Respiratory-Gated MRgHIFU in Upper Abdomen Using an MR-Compatible In-Bore Digital Camera
Authors: Auboiroux Vincent , Petrusca Lorena , Viallon Magalie , Muller Arnaud , Terraz Sylvain , Breguet Romain , Montet Xavier , Becker Christoph D. , Salomir Rares
Published: January 2014

Objective. To demonstrate the technical feasibility and the potential interest of using a digital optical camera inside the MR magnet bore for monitoring the breathing cycle and subsequently gating the PRFS MR thermometry, MR-ARFI measurement, and MRgHIFU sonication in the upper abdomen. Materials and Methods. A digital camera was reengineered to remove its magnetic parts and was further equipped with a 7 m long USB cable. The system was electromagnetically shielded and operated inside the bore of a closed 3T clinical scanner. Suitable triggers were generated based on real-time motion analysis of the images produced by the camera (resolution 640×480 pixels, 30 fps). Respiratory-gated MR-ARFI prepared MRgHIFU ablation was performed in the kidney and liver of two sheep in vivo, under general anaesthesia and ventilator-driven forced breathing.
Results. The optical device demonstrated very good MR compatibility. The current setup permitted the acquisition of motion artefact-free and high resolution MR 2D ARFI and multiplanar interleaved PRFS thermometry (average SNR 30 in liver and 56 in kidney). Microscopic histology indicated precise focal lesions with sharply delineated margins following the respiratory-gated HIFU sonications.
Conclusion. The proof-of-concept for respiratory motion management in MRgHIFU using an in-bore digital camera has been validated in vivo.
Algorithms for Recollection of Search Terms Based on the Wikipedia Category Structure
Authors: Vandamme Stijn , De Turck Filip
Published: January 2014

The common user interface for a search engine consists of a text field where the user can enter queries consisting of one or more keywords. Keyword query based search engines work well when the users have a clear vision what they are looking for and are capable of articulating their query using the same terms as indexed. For our multimedia database containing 202,868 items with text descriptions, we supplement such a search engine with a category-based interface whose category structure is tailored to the content of the database. This facilitates browsing and offers the users the possibility to look for named entities, even if they forgot their names. We demonstrate that this approach allows users who fail to recollect the name of named entities to retrieve data with little effort. In all our experiments, it takes 1 query on a category and on average 2.49 clicks, compared to 5.68 queries on the database’s traditional text search engine for a 68.3% success probability or 6.01 queries when the user also turns to Google, for a 97.1% success probability.
The Involvement of the Androgen Receptor in the Secretion of the Epididymalcorpusin the LizardPodarcis sicula
Authors: Verderame Mariailaria
Published: January 2014

A crucial role in the maintenance of male reproductive functions is carried out by the androgen through its receptor in balance with the estrogen receptors (ERs). The distribution of the androgen receptor (AR) is well documented in the testis and in the reproductive tissues of mammals but the findings about the AR in nonmammalian vertebrates and in particular in reptiles are very scarce. Here by means ofin situhybridization (ISH) we investigated the AR expression along the epididymal channel (efferent ductules,corpus, andcauda) ofPodarcis siculaduring the mating and nonmating period. The results show that in this seasonal breeding species the AR expression pattern is always constant throughout the epididymis. The administration of estradiol-17βin the mating period does not affect the AR expression but inhibits the secretory activity of the epididymalcorpus. To verify the expression pattern of ERs, we also conducted ISH investigations on adjacent sections with ERs probes. The findings suggest that AR induces the secretory activity in the epithelial cells of the epididymalcorpusand confirm our previous results that showed the role of ERalpha (ERα) as switch off for the secretion of this compartment.
Human Pharmacokinetics of High Dose Oral Curcumin and Its Effect on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Klickovic Uros , Doberer Daniel , Gouya Ghazaleh , Aschauer Stefan , Weisshaar Stefan , Storka Angela , Bilban Martin , Wolzt Michael
Published: January 2014

Purpose. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been proposed to exert pharmacological benefits by its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. HO-1 expression may be affected by the GT length polymorphism in the promoter region of the HO-1 gene. We investigated the inducibility of HO-1 by orally administered curcumin in healthy male subjects and its correlation with the GT length polymorphism.Methods.In an open label uncontrolled phase-1 pilot study, ten male subjects received 12 g of oral curcumin. To investigate the effects of the GT length polymorphism on the inducibility of HO-1, five subjects with homozygous short and five with homozygous long GT genotypes were studied. Plasma concentrations of curcumin, bilirubin, HO-1 mRNA, and protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed over 48 hours.Results.At a detection limit of 1 µg/mL curcumin could not be detected in plasma of any subject. Compared to baseline, HO-1 mRNA and protein levels were not induced in PBMCs at any time point up to 48 hours. There was no correlation between any of the parameters and GT length polymorphism.Conclusions. Oral curcumin administration has low bioavailability and does not induce HO-1 on mRNA or protein level in PBMCs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Studies ofα-Fe2O3Nanoparticles
Authors: Arora Avnish Kumar , Sharma Mohan , Kumari Ritu , Jaswal Vivek Sheel , Kumar Pankaj
Published: January 2014

Very fine nanosized metal oxide, namely, iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) has been synthesized by precipitation method using ammonia as precipitating agent and characterized by using XRD (X-ray diffraction), TGA/DTA, surface area measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetic measurements techniques. XRD studies show that iron oxide was formed asα-Fe2O3instead of the commonly formed magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) or a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3, cubic), and it has rhombohedral structure. Magnetic measurements showed that iron oxide has five unpaired electrons and is ferromagnetic in nature, Ms value being 1.7 emu/g. The particle size of the synthesized iron oxide was determined by TEM. TEM images show that the size of particles of Fe2O3varied from 15 nm to 49 nm with average crystallite size 35 nm.
White Blood Cell Count in Elderly Is Clinically Useful in Predicting Long-Term Survival
Authors: Nilsson Göran , Hedberg Pär , Öhrvik John
Published: January 2014

Introduction. White blood cell (WBC) count is often included in routine clinical checkups. We determined the prognostic impact of WBC count on all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality during an 11-year followup in a general population of 75-year-olds.Study Population. The study included 207 men and 220 women comprising 69% of the invited 75-year-olds in a defined geographical area.Main Results. The median WBC count (in 109/L) was 6.3 (interquartile range 5.4–7.2) for men and 5.7 (4.9–6.8) for women,P<0.001for sex difference. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality per 109/L increase in WBCs was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.32;P=0.016) in men and 1.28 (1.10–1.50;P=0.002) in women. These HRs were essentially unchanged by adjustment for established risk factors (current smoking, known hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, known diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index). Furthermore, increased WBC count was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality in both sexes and with noncardiovascular mortality in women.Conclusions. The WBC count deserves attention as a potentially clinical useful predictor of survival in the 75-year-olds, especially among women.
Improving Screening Cut-Off Scores for DSM-5 Adolescent Anxiety Disorder Symptom Dimensions with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders
Authors: Hale III William W. , Raaijmakers Quinten A. W. , van Hoof Anne , Meeus Wim H. J.
Published: January 2014

Presently most adolescent anxiety disorder screening instruments make their determination of running a high risk for an anxiety disorder on the basis of a cut-off score measured by a single screening which can lead to false positives. Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine whether a repeated administration of the SCARED screening instrument for DSM-5 anxiety disorder symptoms could help in the detection of true positives while also avoiding false positives. Participants were 923 early adolescents from the general community. The adolescents’ ages at the first annual screening ranged from 10 to 15 with an average of 12.5 years. In a prospective five-year longitudinal design, the adolescents completed the SCARED screening instrument for anxiety disorder symptoms on a yearly basis. To detect true positives and avoid false positives, the data were analyzed with Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) cut-off score analyses. ROC cut-off score analyses revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of high risk were greatly improved for repeated screenings above those of a single screening. The findings of this study demonstrate that a screening instrument (such as the SCARED) should be administered not just once but several times in order to better determine true positives and avoid false positives.
Functional Assessment of Region-Specific Neglect: Are There Differential Behavioural Consequences of Peripersonal versus Extrapersonal Neglect?
Authors: Nijboer T. C. W. , ten Brink A. F. , Kouwenhoven M. , Visser-Meily J. M. A.
Published: January 2014

Background.Region-specific types of neglect (peripersonal and extrapersonal) have been dissociated, yet, differential behavioural consequences are unknown.Objective.The aim of the current study was to investigate behavioural consequences at the level of basic activities of daily living of region-specific neglect, using the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS).Methods.118 stroke patients were screened within the first two weeks after admission to the rehabilitation center for inpatient rehabilitation.Results.Patients with peripersonal neglect and patients with neglect for both regions had significantly higher total score on the CBS compared to nonneglect patients. Total scores for patients with extrapersonal neglect were comparable to non-neglect patients. ADL impairments were found across activities (e.g., looking towards one side, forgetting body parts, colliding) for both patients with peripersonal neglect and patients with neglect for both regions. Patients with extrapersonal neglect were only impaired on the item on way finding.Conclusions.When diagnosing neglect, it is relevant to distinguish the type of region-specific neglect and, where needed, to adjust the rehabilitation program accordingly. As the CBS isnotdeveloped to typically measure ADL in extrapersonal neglect, it would be of importance to add other (instrumental) activities that heavily rely on processing information in farther space.
A Dark Energy Model with Higher Order Derivatives of H in the f(R,T) Modified Gravity Model
Authors: Pasqua Antonio , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: January 2014

We consider a model of dark energy (DE) which contains three terms (one proportional to the squared Hubble parameter, one to the first derivative, and one to the second derivative with respect to the cosmic time of the Hubble parameter) in the light of the f(R,T)=μR+νT modified gravity model, with μ and ν being two constant parameters. R and T represent the curvature and torsion scalars, respectively. We found that the Hubble parameter exhibits a decaying behavior until redshifts z≈-0.5 (when it starts to increase) and the time derivative of the Hubble parameter goes from negative to positive values for different redshifts. The equation of state (EoS) parameter of DE and the effective EoS parameter exhibit a transition from ω<-1 to ω>-1 (showing a quintom-like behavior). We also found that the model considered can attain the late-time accelerated phase of the universe. Using the statefinder parameters r and s, we derived that the studied model can attain the ΛCDM phase of the universe and can interpolate between dust and ΛCDM phase of the universe. Finally, studying the squared speed of sound vs2, we found that the considered model is classically stable in the earlier stage of the universe but classically unstable in the current stage.
Integrated Inventory Routing Problem with Quality Time Windows and Loading Cost for Deteriorating Items under Discrete Time
Authors: Jia Tao , Li Xiaofan , Wang Nengmin , Li Ran
Published: January 2014

We investigate an integrated inventory routing problem (IRP) in which one supplier with limited production capacity distributes a single item to a set of retailers using homogeneous vehicles. In the objective function we consider a loading cost which is often neglected in previous research. Considering the deterioration in the products, we set a soft time window during the transportation stage and a hard time window during the sales stage, and to prevent jams and waiting cost, the time interval of two successive vehicles returning to the supplier’s facilities is required not to be overly short. Combining all of these factors, a two‐echelon supply chain mixed integer programming model under discrete time is proposed, and a two‐phase algorithm is developed. The first phase uses tabu search to obtain the retailers’ ordering matrix. The second phase is to generate production scheduling and distribution routing, adopting a saving algorithm and a neighbourhood search, respectively. Computational experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
Neuroprotective Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Are Maintained for 3 Weeks against Ischemic Damage in the Rabbit Spinal Cord
Authors: Moon Seung Myung , Kim Woosuk , Chung Jin Young , Im Wooseok , Yoo Dae Young , Jung Hyo Young , Won Moo-Ho , Choi Jung Hoon , Hwang In Koo
Published: January 2014

In the previous study, we demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage in the ventral horn ofL5-6levels at 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion. In the present study, we expanded our observations for 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion to rule out the possibility of delayed neuronal death in several days after ischemia/reperfusion. Transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by a 15 min aortic artery occlusion in the subrenal region and rabbit ASCs were administered intrathecally into recipient rabbits (2×105) immediately after reperfusion. Transplantation of ASCs improved the neurological motor functions of the hindlimb 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. Similarly, the cresyl violet-positive neurons were significantly increased at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion compared to that in the vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid)-treated group. The transplantation of ASCs significantly reduced reactive microglia induced by ischemia at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, transplantation of ASCs maintained the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ASCs are maintained 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion by modulating microgliosis and BDNF levels in the spinal cord.
Translational Dielectric Friction on a Chain of Charged Spheres
Authors: Boughammoura Sondès , M'halla Jalel
Published: January 2014

We have proved in details that the dielectric friction remains the principal frictional effect for a stretched polyion modeled as a chain of charged spheres, whereas, in the case of Manning’s model (infinite thread with a continuous distribution of charge), this friction effect is nonexistent. According to this chain model, it is therefore possible to detect by conductivity measurements any transition from a coiled configuration (ellipsoidal model) to a stretched configuration during dilution process. We have also underlined the important interdependence between the dielectric friction and the ionic condensation of the counterions, in order to distinguish between the Ostwald regime and the Manning regime for which the degree of condensation is practically constant in a large range of concentrations.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites
Authors: Liau Cha Ping , Bin Ahmad Mansor , Shameli Kamyar , Yunus Wan Md Zin Wan , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Then Yoon Yee
Published: January 2014

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/stearate Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting intercalation method. Coprecipitation method was used to prepare the anionic clay Mg-Al LDH from nitrate salt solution. Modification of nitrate anions by stearate anions between the LDH layers via ion exchange reaction. FTIR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic acid (COOH) group which indicates that stearate anions were successfully intercalated into the Mg-Al LDH. The formation of nanocomposites only involves physical interaction as there are no new functional groups or new bonding formed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the mixtures of nanocomposites are intercalated and exfoliated types. XRD results showed increasing of basal spacing from 8.66 to 32.97 Å in modified stearate Mg-Al LDH, and TEM results revealed that the stearate Mg-Al LDH layers are homogeneously distributed in the PHB/PCL polymer blends matrix. Enhancement in 300% elongation at break and 66% tensile strength in the presence of 1.0 wt % of the stearate Mg-Al LDH as compare with PHB/PCL blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that clay improves compatibility between polymer matrix and the best ratio 80PHB/20PCL/1stearate Mg-Al LDH surface is well dispersed and stretched before it breaks.
Mechanical Behaviors of Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints of Dissimilar Ferrous Alloys under Opening-Dominant Combined Loads
Authors: Hossain Md. Abu Mowazzem , Hasan Md. Tariqul , Hong Sung-Tae , Miles Michael , Cho Hoon-Hwe , Han Heung Nam
Published: January 2014

Mechanical properties and failure behaviors of friction stir spot welded (FSSW) joints of two dissimilar ferrous alloys, cold-rolled carbon steel (SPCC) and 409L stainless steel (SUS 409L), are investigated under opening-dominant combined loads. The texture of dissimilar FSSW joints depends on the upper sheet material. The failure contours for the FSSW joints under combined loads are constructed in terms of the axial load and shear load by modifying existing failure criteria for resistance spot welds. The shape of the failure contour also depends on the upper sheet material. The failure contours are nearly elliptic in shape when the upper sheet is SPCC and are relatively straight lines when the upper sheet is SUS 409L.
Frequent Home Monitoring of ICD Is Effective to Prevent Inappropriate Defibrillator Shock Delivery
Authors: Bifulco Paolo , Argenziano Luigi , Romano Maria , Cesarelli Mario , Sansone Mario , Casella Stefano , Nardi Stefano
Published: January 2014

Recently, in the context of telemedicine, telemonitoring services are gaining attention. They are offered, for example, to patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). A major problem associated with ICD therapy is the occurrence of inappropriate shocks which impair patients’ quality of life and may also be arrhythmogenic. The telemonitoring can provide a valid support to intensify followup visits, in order to improve the prevention of inappropriate defibrillator shock, thus enhancing patient safety. Inappropriate shock generally depends on atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, and abnormal sensing (such as those caused by electromagnetic interferences). As a practical example, an unusual case of an ICD patient who risked an inappropriate shock while taking a shower is reported. Continuous remote telemonitoring was able to timely warn cardiologist via GSM-SMS, who were able to detect improper sensing examining the intracardiac electrogram via Web. Patient was promptly contacted and warned to not further come in contact with the hydraulic system and any electrical appliance to prevent an inappropriate defibrillator shock. This demonstrates the effectiveness and usefulness of continuous remote telemonitoring in supporting ICD patients.
Tunneling Control of Transmission Coefficient and Group Index in a Quantum Dot Nanostructure
Authors: Hamedi Hamid Reza , Khaledi-Nasab A. , Ghaforyan H.
Published: January 2014

We theoretically study the transmission and group index properties of the probe field in a four-level quantum dot molecule. It is found that the tunnel coupling plays a very important role in realizing the transmission coefficient of the probe field. Moreover, the impact of an incoherent pump field on imaginary part of susceptibility is investigated. We show that probe transmission exhibits oppositional behavior against weak and strong incoherent pump rates. This approach allows substantial flexibility in the manipulation of group velocity of light.
Spiritual Well‐Being and Quality of Life of Iranian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jafari Najmeh , Farajzadegan Ziba , Loghmani Amir , Majlesi Mansoureh , Jafari Noushin
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Diabetes is a major public health problem. Little is known about the spiritual well‐being and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in Iranian Muslim patients with diabetes. This study investigated the spiritual well‐being and QOL of Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes and the association between spiritual well‐being, QOL, and depression. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was done among 203 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Isfahan, Iran. Quality of life and spiritual well‐being were measured using the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy‐spiritual well‐being (FACIT‐Sp). Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2). Descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment. Results. The mean QOL was 61.00 (SD = 9.97) and the mean spiritual well‐being was 30.59 (SD = 6.14). Sixty‐four percent of our studied population had depressive disorders. There was a significant positive correlation between all QOL subscales and meaning, peace, and total spiritual well‐being score. Conclusion. The results of this study showed poor QOL and spiritual well‐being and high prevalence of depression in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes compared to other studies’ findings especially western studies. This indicates the need for psychosocial and spiritual support in caring for Iranian patients with diabetes.
Nonexposure Accurate LocationK-Anonymity Algorithm in LBS
Authors: Jia Jinying , Zhang Fengli
Published: January 2014

This paper tackles location privacy protection in current location-based services (LBS) where mobile users have to report their exact location information to an LBS provider in order to obtain their desired services. Location cloaking has been proposed and well studied to protect user privacy. It blurs the user’s accurate coordinate and replaces it with a well-shaped cloaked region. However, to obtain such an anonymous spatial region (ASR), nearly all existent cloaking algorithms require knowing the accurate locations of all users. Therefore, location cloaking without exposing the user’s accurate location to any party is urgently needed. In this paper, we present such two nonexposure accurate location cloaking algorithms. They are designed forK-anonymity, and cloaking is performed based on the identifications (IDs) of the grid areas which were reported by all the users, instead of directly on their accurate coordinates. Experimental results show that our algorithms are more secure than the existent cloaking algorithms, need not have all the users reporting their locations all the time, and can generate smaller ASR.
rhPDGF-BB Promotes Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats through ERK Pathway
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Zhang Songmei , Zeng Deliang , Xia Lunguo , Lamichhane Ashwini , Jiang Xinquan , Zhang Fuqiang
Published: January 2014

Management of nonunion fracture and massive segmental bone defects in diabetes remains a challenging clinical problem. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are crucial for bone remodeling and hold promise for bone regeneration. However, we have showed previously that diabetes can affect the proliferation and osteogenic potential of BMSCs adversely and a strategy to attenuate the impaired functions of BMSCs is required. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) plays an important role in bone formation. However, little information is available about its effect on diabetic BMSCs. In this study, BMSCs were isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After treatment with recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB), diabetic BMSCs demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation based on increased expressions of osteogenic genes (Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) and Runx2 protein, as well as upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. Furthermore, blocking extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway by inhibitor PD98059 repressed the enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in diabetic BMSCs induced by rhPDGF-BB. Together, these results indicated that rhPDGF-BB stimulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation partially through ERK pathway in diabetic BMSCs. Therefore, modulation of diabetic BMSCs could augment BMSCs function affected by diabetes and holds significance for future strategies to treat diabetic bone complications.