bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Generic Implementation Framework for School-Based Research and Practice
Authors: Komesidou Rouzana , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

One of our biggest challenges is integrating evidence-based research into practice to serve students with communication disorders. To encourage the systematic application of research findings into practice, implementation science offers frameworks and tools, many of which have a narrow scope. It is important to have comprehensive frameworks that encompass all essential implementation concepts to support implementation in schools.

Method:

Guided by the generic implementation framework (GIF; Moullin et al., 2015), we reviewed implementation science literature to identify and tailor frameworks and tools covering all core concepts of implementation: (a) the process of implementation, (b) the domains and determinants of practice, (c) implementation strategies, and (d) evaluations.

Results:

We created a version of the GIF for school settings, called the GIF-School, to bring together frameworks and tools that sufficiently cover core concepts of implementation. The GIF-School is accompanied by an open access toolkit, which lists selected frameworks, tools, and useful resources.

Conclusion:

Researchers and practitioners, in speech-language pathology and education more broadly, who seek to apply implementation science frameworks and tools to improve school services for students with communication disorders may turn to the GIF-School as a resource.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23605269
A point‐image fusion network for event‐based frame interpolation
Authors: Zhang Chushu , An Wei , Zhang Ye , Li Miao
Published: July 2023

Temporal information in event streams plays a critical role in event‐based video frame interpolation as it provides temporal context cues complementary to images. Most previous event‐based methods first transform the unstructured event data to structured data formats through voxelisation, and then employ advanced CNNs to extract temporal information. However, voxelisation inevitably leads to information loss, and processing the sparse voxels introduces severe computation redundancy. To address these limitations, this study proposes a point‐image fusion network (PIFNet). In our PIFNet, rich temporal information from the events can be directly extracted at the point level. Then, a fusion module is designed to fuse complementary cues from both points and images for frame interpolation. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that our PIFNet achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with high efficiency.
A wideband tri‐polarized water antenna
Authors: Ge Lei , Liang Yanzhen , Wu Di
Published: July 2023

A wideband tri‐polarized water antenna is presented in this letter. Two orthogonal horizontal polarizations are realized by a water patch while one vertical polarization is realized by a water dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). To achieve wide impedance bandwidth and high isolation of the water patch, two pairs of L‐shaped probes with differential feeding technique are introduced. By adjusting the dimensions of the water patch and DRA properly, an overlapped bandwidth of 23.26% between three polarizations is achieved. Since the proposed antenna is mainly achieved by water of high optical transparency, it offers tremendous potential for future communication systems.
A high‐efficiency magnetic‐geared double‐rotor machine with the coreless stator for hybrid aircraft propulsion
Authors: Lang Jiewen , Tong Chengde , Bai Jingang , Zheng Ping , Liu Jiaqi
Published: July 2023

Magnetic‐geared double‐rotor machines are recognized as a promising power‐splitting component in hybrid electric aircrafts (HEAs). However, the high fuel efficiency speed of the turbine engine in HEAs is about 10,000 rpm, whereas conventional topologies suffer from low efficiency at high speed due to its specific operation principle—the magnetic field modulating principle. A coreless stator magnetic‐geared double‐rotor machine (CS‐MGDRM) is proposed to enhance high‐speed efficiency and thus comply with the operation condition of HEAs. First, the machine structure and hybrid propulsion system configuration are introduced, and power‐flow analysis of three basic operation modes is presented. Second, the operation principle of the machine is illustrated, and investigation of electromagnetic performances is carried out by finite element analysis. Third, an analytical model of the machine is developed, based on which the design optimization towards the maximum torque capacity is investigated. Furthermore, the loss distribution law and transmission efficiency are analysed and compared with conventional scheme, and the power factor characteristic is investigated as well. Finally, the overall performance of the proposed machine is evaluated.
Online unsupervised generative learning framework based radar jamming waveform design
Authors: Sun Yuzheng , Gong Shuaige , Mao Yu , Dong Yang‐Yang , Dong Chun‐Xi
Published: July 2023

The jamming effect on radar is dominated by the design of the jamming waveform directly. Traditional jamming waveforms are generated using the template‐based method and are not environmentally resilient. Without the precise radar centre frequency support, using the direct guidance of the radar signal power spectrum density (PSD), a novel jamming waveform design method with an online unsupervised generative learning framework is proposed. The proposed framework consists of two modules: the waveform online generation module and the waveform unsupervised optimisation module. For the waveform online generation module, the well‐designed neural network (NN) is used to generate the jamming waveform. While for the waveform unsupervised iterative optimisation module, two loss functions are developed as two learning tasks to guide back‐propagation online. Given transmit power, the jamming PSD is designed adaptively to focus on the radar band and fit the radar PSD well, which improves the receiver in‐band jamming‐to‐signal ratio (JSR). It is worth noting that NN is end‐to‐end trained online without extensive prior training data. The framework can generate jamming waveforms within reasonable physical parameter ranges, and numerical experiments have shown that the designed jamming waveform performed better jamming effects on radar target detection in comparison with the traditional one.
Extreme scenario generation for renewable energies
Authors: Peng Hongqiao , Lou Yuanyuan , Sun Hui , Zuo Zhengmin , Liu Yuliang , Wang Chenxi
Published: July 2023

With a high penetration of renewable energies, scenario generation for wind and solar power is essential for the operation of modern power systems. Beyond the typical scenarios, extreme scenarios like full‐capacity generation for consecutive days should also be taken into account. However, developed data‐driven methods are unlikely to capture the characteristics of these extreme scenarios because of limited data. To this end, a three‐staged extreme scenario generation method is proposed for renewable energies to effectively and efficiently generate extremely high power output scenarios. First, an extreme data augmentation algorithm is designed to push the original data distribution towards the extreme case. Then, based on the extreme value theory, the tail of the augmented dataset is modelled by Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD). Last, with the augmented dataset and the conditional labels sampled from the fitted GPD, a conditional generative adversarial network is trained with the modified loss function. A case study on a real‐world dataset shows that the authors’ proposed method has superior performance over the state‐of‐the‐art generative models in terms of extreme scenario generation. Besides, the generated samples successfully capture the temporal and spatial correlation of real scenarios of renewable energies.
The Design and Implementation of a Convertible Extracorporeal Circuit for Lung Transplantation
Authors: Gambino Rachel , Bonadonna Desiree , Dauch William
Published: July 2023

Intraoperative management for patients during orthotopic lung transplantation may be performed without mechanical circulatory support, with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). For certain patients, an intraoperative conversion from VA-ECMO to CPB may be indicated. If a VA-ECMO patient requires CPB conversion, the previous model at our institution used two separate machines and was overall inefficient. The primary aim of this project was to develop a CPB pack modification to create a circuit that easily converts from VA-ECMO to CPB if indicated. The secondary aim was to create new supportive protocols and a comprehensive education and training curriculum for our large perfusion department to enhance patient safety. The new circuit was carefully designed and evaluated to minimize changes to the current CPB circuit while allowing for the safest configuration of VA-ECMO. A new protocol was designed with multi-disciplinary collaboration. A comprehensive education and training curriculum, as well as an objective competency assessment tool, were created. The circuit was subjectively evaluated by perfusionists and outscored our previous model in the areas of ease of setup, use, and CPB conversion. It received positive feedback from cardiothoracic surgeons and anesthesiologists as well. Lastly, it provided a financial benefit to our institution.
Combining experimental analyses and molecular dynamics simulations in impurity removal at the Si/slag interface
Authors: Liu Yubao , Guo Yibo , Li Yaqiong , Liu Yao , Fu Jie , Zhang Lifeng
Published: July 2023

Slag refining is a crucial step for Si purification by the metallurgical processes. In this study, the impurity removal at Si/SiO2–CaO–MgO slag interface was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The diffusion couple experiments show that the slag underwent the processes of sintering, solid particle dissolution, and composition homogenization. When the melted slag contacted the Si, the interfacial reaction occurred, and the impurity oxides formed and transferred into the slag phase. The thermodynamic analyses confirmed the existence of the oxidation reaction between impurities and slag. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of the Si–X–O system (X = Al, B, Ca) clarified the binding behaviors of Al, B, Ca with Si. The calculated binding energy shows that the affinity ability of these impurities with Si are B > Al > Ca at the molecular level, and B impurity is the most difficult one to be removed from Si during the slag refining process.
Réaliser des examens complémentaires à la clinique ou en ferme : que vérifier pour s’assurer qu’un test est fiable ?
Authors: Belbis Guillaume
Published: July 2023

Une méthode de mesure, qu’elle soit objective ou subjective, devrait au préalable avoir prouvé sa validité avant d’être utilisée. Cette étape de validation est indispensable lorsque cette méthode de mesure est utilisée pour collecter des données qui serviront au diagnostic d’un état de santé, voire au suivi de ce paramètre. La répétabilité et la reproductibilité d’une méthode de mesure d’un caractère font partie des critères de validation de cette méthode de mesure. De plus, si cette méthode de mesure vise à en remplacer une autre, considérée jusqu’à présent comme une méthode de référence, un critère de validation supplémentaire devra être connu : la concordance des valeurs du paramètre fournies par les deux méthodes.
Gaz sanguins chez le veau à diarrhée : comment les utiliser pour optimiser la fluidothérapie des veaux à diarrhée
Authors: Belbis Guillaume
Published: July 2023

Perfuser un veau fait partie du quotidien de tout vétérinaire rural. La correction des déséquilibres acido-basiques repose souvent sur l’examen clinique. Cependant l’évaluation réelle des troubles en cours est parfois plus complexe qu’il n’y parait, différentes anomalies pouvant se superposer. L’utilisation des analyses des gaz du sang permet, avec une bonne méthodologie de lecture, de correctement diagnostiquer les troubles en cours et d’adapter leur prise en charge.
Fiche pratique : frottis sanguin
Authors: Herman Nicolas , Guerlin Maud
Published: July 2023

Le frottis sanguin est un étalement de sang sur une lame porte-objet qui permet la répartition régulière des cellules sanguines sur une seule épaisseur. Il devrait accompagner tout hémogramme chez les bovins. La réalisation d’un frottis de qualité nécessite : un prélèvement sanguin adéquat, un étalement et une coloration maitrisés.
L’hémogramme chez le bovin : méthodologie d’interprétation
Authors: Herman Nicolas , Guerlin Maud
Published: July 2023

L’hémogramme est un examen complémentaire accessible fréquemment utilisé en médecine vétérinaire. Cependant, l’interprétation de cet examen nécessite une méthodologie rigoureuse débutant par la vérification des données chiffrées délivrées par les automates. Viennent ensuite l’interprétation des valeurs et de la morphologie des globules rouges et blancs puis des plaquettes.
Fiche pratique : réalisation des différents liquides de flottation et proposition d’une méthode coproscopique
Authors: Dravigney Laurent
Published: July 2023

Le vétérinaire en clientèle rurale est confronté à un défi diagnostique en parasitologie. Cette fiche pratique propose d’y répondre avec deux techniques coproscopiques éprouvées scientifiquement, la flottation en solution saturée de chlorure de sodium (d = 1,2) en dispositif Mini-FLOTAC et celle en solution de sulfate de zinc (d = 1,35) en cellule de McMaster, dont la combinaison permet d’accroître la sensibilité de cet examen pour tous les parasites courants. Une étape préalable de centrifugation, permet en outre d’optimiser la conservation et la lecture des échantillons, tout en réduisant le coût et la toxicité liés aux liquides de flottation, dont la réalisation est détaillée. Enfin, pour la recherche de strongles respiratoires chez les bovins, la coproscopie de McKenna est rappelée.
Adaptability of performance to different contextual constraints as a predictor of development and success in competitive football: A systematic review
Authors: He Qixiang , Araújo Duarte , Davids Keith , Kee Ying Hwa , Komar John
Published: July 2023

This systematic review organizes the literature regarding the influence of contextual constraints on football match action profiles, in order to inform better practice when utilized a data-informed approach towards identifying and predicting high performing football players. Furthermore, the validity of examining “on-ball” match actions in competitive matches as an indicator of performance was also investigated. Based on the studies reviewed, task and environmental constraints were highlighted to be significantly influential on match actions performed, which suggests that recruitment strategies may be more successful if there were a greater emphasis on identifying players that best fit the constraints unique to the team, rather than recruiting the “best” player in the position. Additionally, the ability to adapt and successfully produce goal-directed behaviour in a variety of contexts may therefore be indicative of future high performance. Results from existing studies suggest that match actions performed in competitive matches can significantly distinguish between higher and lower performing teams or individuals. However, given the largely retrospective study designs of existing studies, a shift towards prospective study designs utilizing machine learning or statistical modelling is proposed to increase the practical applicability of theoretical findings.
Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders Referred from Rural Communities to a Regional Placenta Accreta Spectrum Center
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Ramsey Patrick S. , Byrne John J.
Published: July 2023

Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) experienced by patients residing in rural communities when delivered by a multidisciplinary team within a single urban academic center for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Subsequently, we aimed to determine a distance-dependent relationship between PAS morbidity and distance travelled by patients in rural communities.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had PAS histopathological confirmation and delivery at our institution from 2005 to 2022. Our objective was to determine the relationship between patient locations (rural vs. urban) and maternal morbidity associated with PAS delivery. Sociogeographic determination of rurality was determined using the National Center for Health Statistics and most recent national census population data. Distance travelled was calculated by patient zip code to our PAS center using global positioning system data.

Results During the study period, 139 patients were managed by cesarean hysterectomy with confirmed PAS histopathology. Of these, 94 (67.6%) were from our urban community and 45 (32.4%) were from surrounding rural communities. The overall SMM incidence was 85% including blood transfusion and 17% without blood transfusions. Patient from rural communities were more likely to experience SMM (28.9 vs. 12.8%, p = 0.03) and this was driven by acute renal failure (1.1 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.01) and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (1.1 vs. 8.8%, p = 0.04). SMM did reveal a distance-dependent relationship with SMM rates of 13.2, 33.3, and 43.8% at 50, 100, and 150 miles, respectively (p = 0.005).

Conclusion Patients with PAS experience high rates of SMM. Geographic distance to a PAS center appears to significantly impact the overall morbidity a patient experiences. Further research is warranted to address this disparity and optimize patient outcomes for patients in rural communities

Key Points
Standardizing Septocolumellar Sutures: A New Practical Classification
Authors: Apaydin Fazil , Capelleras Marta , Saghir Meshari
Published: July 2023

The septocolumellar sutures are very helpful to obtain planned rotation and projection. The goal of this study is to revitalize the septocolumellar techniques described before and present an easy new classification for these sutures, and to present their multiple uses on the same patient as a new option for surgeons. Eighty patients were involved in this retrospective study. All the patients were females except one. A detailed preoperative preparation was performed on all patients by following the principles of precision profileplasty. In this study, five main types of septocolumellar sutures were used. Type 4 septocolumellar suture was used in 39 cases, type 3 in 33, type 2 in 22, type 1 in 5, and type 5 in 2 cases. In 21 cases, more than one suture was used. In conclusion, the new practical classification presented in this study gives the surgeon powerful tools to reshape the tip during surgery.
Now a systemic rival? Inklings of complex representations of the EU in public survey data of Chinese urban residents
Authors: Woo Su Yun , Dong Lisheng , Kübler Daniel
Published: July 2023

China–EU relations have become more challenging recently, especially with China being labeled a ‘systemic rival’. We therefore examine Chinese perceptions of the EU, particularly to see if recent developments have led to changing representations of the EU. This article specifically attempts to discern nascent changes in the complex representation of the EU amongst the general Chinese public by analyzing and comparing original data from two surveys of 3000 Chinese citizens in six major cities conducted in 2010 and in 2020. Our study uncovers the Chinese respondents’ perceptions of the EU in a multifaceted way by providing evidence that they are reconstructing the image of the EU and reconsidering its global role. The overall assessment of China–EU relations by the Chinese public remains one of general goodwill. However, there are more discerning and critical opinions of the EU from the respondents as well, suggesting a much more differentiated view toward the EU. In highlighting the continuities and changes, and situating this discussion within the theoretical lens of two specific forms of complex representation, role and image theories, this study provides a timely and topical discussion of the emergence of a complex portrayal of the EU.
Electrode design for multimode suppression of aluminum nitride tuning fork resonators
Authors: Yuan Yi , Yang Qingrui , Li Haolin , Shi Shuai , Niu Pengfei , Sun Chongling , Liu Bohua , Zhang Menglun , Pang Wei
Published: July 2023

This paper is focused on electrode design for piezoelectric tuning fork resonators. The relationship between the performance and electrode pattern of aluminum nitride piezoelectric tuning fork resonators vibrating in the in-plane flexural mode is investigated based on a set of resonators with different electrode lengths, widths, and ratios. Experimental and simulation results show that the electrode design impacts greatly the multimode effect induced from torsional modes but has little influence on other loss mechanisms. Optimizing the electrode design suppresses the torsional mode successfully, thereby increasing the ratio of impedance at parallel and series resonant frequencies (Rp/Rs) by more than 80% and achieving a quality factor (Q) of 7753, an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (kteff2) of 0.066%, and an impedance at series resonant frequency (Rm) of 23.6 kΩ. The proposed approach shows great potential for high-performance piezoelectric resonators, which are likely to be fundamental building blocks for sensors with high sensitivity and low noise and power consumption.
Integration of generalized complex structures
Authors: Bailey Michael , Gualtieri Marco
Published: July 2023

We solve the integration problem for generalized complex manifolds, obtaining as the natural integrating object a holomorphic stack with a shifted symplectic structure; in other words, a real symplectic groupoid with a compatible complex structure is defined only up to Morita equivalence. We explain how such objects differentiate to give generalized complex manifolds, and we show that a generalized complex manifold is integrable in this sense if and only if its underlying real Poisson structure is integrable. We describe several concrete examples of these integrations. Crucial to our solution are new technical tools, which are of independent interest, namely, a reduction procedure for Lie groupoid actions on Courant algebroids, as well as certain local-to-global extension results for multiplicative forms on local Lie groupoids.
Pulsed magnetic fields of over 100 T produced by relativistic intensity laser pulse irradiating no-hole capacitor-coil target
Authors: Wang Weiwu , Shan Lianqiang , Zhang Feng , Yuan Zongqiang , Liu Dongxiao , Tian Chao , Yang Lei , Lu Feng , Qi Wei , Deng Zhigang , Zhou Kainan , Xie Na , Wang Xiaodong , Mu Jie , Zhou Weimin , Cai Hongbo , Zhu Shaoping , Gu Yuqiu
Published: July 2023

A relativistic intensity laser pulse with energy from 25 to 130 J was used to produce strong magnetic fields in interactions with the designed no-hole capacitor-coil target. The magnetic field was estimated by the proton deflectometry method ignoring the potential influences of electric field. The proton deflection profiles in experiments are in good agreement with that by particle-track simulation with only the effect of coil magnetic field. The maximum magnetic field obtained in the experiment in the center of the coil is 117 ± 4 T. The experimental results with different laser energies are consistent with the previously found magnetic field production model in magnetic field amplitude and time sequence. It shows that the model has good prediction ability for magnetic field results. The results are beneficial to establish the experimental platform for generating a controllable pulsed magnetic field by relativistic intensity laser interaction. It potentially opens new frontiers in basic physics which require strong magnetic field environments.
Study of the evolution of pulsed plasma under an external longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Ahmed A. , Singha S. , Neog N. K. , Borthakur T. K.
Published: July 2023

An experimental study on the role of an external longitudinal magnetic field on the characteristics changes of pulsed plasma stream, produced in argon medium, is carried out at different time spans of its evolution. The spectroscopic observations are time integrated and are carried out at different times of plasma formation for pulsed discharge. This study gives insights into the recombination and diffusion phase of the plasma species in the presence of the magnetic field. The transition of plasma species from a dominant recombination phase to a diffusional phase is well revealed by the density profile during the time evolution. Moreover, the decrease in electron temperature and the increase in electron excitation temperature explain the energy transfer to electrons due to metastable quenching, and the system gradually approaches equilibrium. The magnetic field also affects the transitions of the ionized argon population between different energy levels. It is found that faster decay occurs for transitions of different plasma species to non-metastable states, while the populations of metastable states exist for a longer time. In addition, the time-resolved morphology changes of the plasma stream are also observed by high speed imaging, which shows the flow structure of the plasma stream at different time frames. The imaging of the plasma stream evolution shows the initial ejection of the plasma sheet from the electrode assembly, its detachment, the steady flow, and gradually its nature of dying out.
Dynamics of coexisting rotating waves in unidirectional rings of bistable Duffing oscillators
Authors: Barba-Franco J. J. , Gallegos A. , Jaimes-Reátegui R. , Muñoz-Maciel J. , Pisarchik A. N.
Published: July 2023

We study the dynamics of multistable coexisting rotating waves that propagate along a unidirectional ring consisting of coupled double-well Duffing oscillators with different numbers of oscillators. By employing time series analysis, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and basins of attraction, we provide evidence of multistability on the route from coexisting stable equilibria to hyperchaos via a sequence of bifurcations, including the Hopf bifurcation, torus bifurcations, and crisis bifurcations, as the coupling strength is increased. The specific bifurcation route depends on whether the ring comprises an even or odd number of oscillators. In the case of an even number of oscillators, we observe the existence of up to 32 coexisting stable fixed points at relatively weak coupling strengths, while a ring with an odd number of oscillators exhibits 20 coexisting stable equilibria. As the coupling strength increases, a hidden amplitude death attractor is born in an inverse supercritical pitchfork bifurcation in the ring with an even number of oscillators, coexisting with various homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. Additionally, for stronger coupling, amplitude death coexists with chaos. Notably, the rotating wave speed of all coexisting limit cycles remains approximately constant and undergoes an exponential decrease as the coupling strength is increased. At the same time, the wave frequency varies among different coexisting orbits, exhibiting an almost linear growth with the coupling strength. It is worth mentioning that orbits originating from stronger coupling strengths possess higher frequencies.
Global bifurcation of positive solutions of a quasilinear indefinite Neumann problem in some FLRW spacetimes
Authors: Zhao Zhongzi , Ma Ruyun
Published: July 2023

We are concerned with the global structure of the radial positive solution set of the radially symmetric prescribed curvature problem with the Neumann boundary condition in some Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetimes. The proof of our main result is based on bifurcation techniques.
Strain-driven anomalous elastic properties of GeSn thin films
Authors: Lytvyn Petro , Kuchuk Andrian , Kondratenko Serhiy , Stanchu Hryhorii , Malyuta Sergii V. , Yu Shui-Qing , Mazur Yuriy I. , Salamo Gregory J.
Published: July 2023

Elastic strain engineering in the GeSn bandgap structure is an attractive area for designing novel material properties. The linear interpolation of the elastic constants of Ge and Sn is commonly used to estimate their respective values for Ge1−xSnx alloys. This work reveals that Young's modulus of Ge1−xSnx epitaxial layers has a non-monotonic dependence on Sn composition. It is shown that the decrease in the elastic modulus correlates with the increase in Sn content in pseudomorphically grown Ge1−xSnx-epilayers with Sn concentration in the range of 1–5 at. % and subcritical thicknesses. An anomalous increase in the elastic modulus is observed with the further increase in Sn content (12 at. %), which is also accompanied by an increase in in-plane tensile strain. Phase separation and a decrease in the elastic modulus are observed for Ge1−xSnx-epilayers grown above the critical thickness with Sn concentration ≥ 12 at. %. A correlation between the experimental elastic moduli and calculated elastic energies explains the complexity of strain-driven anomalous elastic properties of Ge1−xSnx-epilayers. The observed anomalous behavior of the Young's modulus for these GeSn epitaxial layers appears to be related to their recently predicted and observed short-range atomic order.
Comprehensive electrical characterization and theoretical analysis of Mn and As doped β-FeSi2 through DFT: A promise to rectification and photovoltaic applications
Authors: Sen S. , Acharya D. , Guha P. K. , Banerji P. , Pramanik P.
Published: July 2023

The effects of Mn and As doping in β-FeSi2 have been studied by theoretical simulations and electrical characterizations by analyzing Hall parameters within the temperature range of 20–300 K using mobility and the dual band model. The Hall resistivity ρ of doped samples increases linearly from a negative to a positive magnetic field (B), demonstrating the normal Hall effect at room temperature. High temperature Hall concentration increases significantly with the gradual increase in both Mn and As doping due to more and more ionization of the deep donor level. High temperature activation energies of Mn doped β-FeSi2 are considerably greater than that of low temperature energies, which demonstrates clear evidence of the dual band model. From density functional theory calculations, the origin of the dual band model has been validated from the electronic structure of β-FeSi2. Both density of states and charge transfer to the system upon doping have been investigated through the density functional theory, which demonstrates the Mn and As doped systems to be p-type and n-type, respectively. Both Mn and As doped β-FeSi2 exhibit p-type and n-type conductivities for spin down and spin up channels, respectively, in the presence of an external magnetic field, which will encourage its applications in novel spintronic devices. In addition, a β-FeSi2 based homo-junction diode fabricated from the Mn and As doped β-FeSi2 exhibits a cut-in voltage of 0.82 V, a reverse breakdown voltage of −10 V, and an ideality factor of 3.87. Thus, doped β-FeSi2 will be very much useful for fabricating an efficient and cost-effective solar cell if fabricated physically.
An integrated ultra-high vacuum cluster for atomic-scale deposition, interface regulation, and characterization of spintronic multilayers
Authors: Cheng Houyi , Zhang Boyu , Eimer Sylvain , Liu Yongshan , Xu Yong , Vallobra Pierre , Wang Zilu , Li Cheng , Ge Jiyao , Xu Renyou , Yao Yuxuan , Wang Xinran , Du Yinchang , Zhang Xueying , Zhang Yue , Zhao Chao , Zhao Weisheng
Published: July 2023

The study of interface spin effects in spintronic multilayer films requires distinguishing the effects generated by different interfaces. However, testing in atmospheric conditions requires a capping layer to protect the films, which introduces new interfaces and limits the study of interface spin-dependent effects. To address this challenge, we have developed an integrated ultra-high vacuum cluster system that includes magnetron sputtering equipment, ion irradiation equipment, and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) equipment. Our sputtering system integrates 12 cathodes in a single chamber, allowing the co-sputtering of four targets. The ultimate vacuum can reach 1 × 10−10 mbar, and the deposition resolution of 0.1 nm can be achieved. Ion irradiation equipment can ionize to produce He+, and by screening and accelerating the implantation of He+ into multilayer films, ion scanning is realized, and up to 30 keV energy can be applied to the films. The TR-MOKE equipment can detect ultra-fast magnetic dynamics processes in vacuum conditions, and its external magnetic field can be rotated 360°. Our vacuum cluster system connects the three subsystems, allowing in situ film deposition, regulation, and characterization. By accurately detecting the effects of different layers, the system can distinguish the interface effects of multilayers. Experimental results demonstrate that the three subsystems can work independently or coordinate to observe the interface effects of multilayers.
Dynamics of rapidly spinning blob-filaments: Fluid theory with a parallel kinetic extension
Authors: Myra J. R. , Cheng J. , Parker S. E.
Published: July 2023

Blob-filaments (or simply “blobs”) are coherent structures formed by turbulence and sustained by nonlinear processes in the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks and other magnetically confined plasmas. The dynamics of these blob-filaments, in particular, their radial motion, can influence the scrape-off layer width and plasma interactions with both the divertor target and with the main chamber walls. Motivated by recent results from the XGC1 gyrokinetic simulation code reported on elsewhere [J. Cheng et al., Nucl. Fusion 63, 086015 (2023)], a theory of rapidly spinning blob-filaments has been developed. The theory treats blob-filaments in the closed flux surface region or the region that is disconnected from sheaths in the SOL. It extends previous work by treating blob spin, arising from partially or fully adiabatic electrons, as the leading-order effect and retaining inertial (ion charge polarization) physics in next order. Spin helps to maintain blob coherency and affects the blob's propagation speed. Dipole charge polarization, treated perturbatively, gives rise to blob-filaments with relatively slow radial velocity, comparable to that observed in the simulations. The theory also treats the interaction of rapidly spinning blob-filaments with a zonal flow layer. It is shown analytically that the flow layer can act like a transport barrier for these structures. Finally, parallel electron kinetic effects are incorporated into the theory. Various asymptotic parameter regimes are discussed, and asymptotic expressions for the radial and poloidal motion of the blob-filaments are obtained.
Robustness of interdependent higher-order networks
Authors: Lai Yuhang , Liu Ying , Zheng Kexian , Wang Wei
Published: July 2023

In real complex systems, interactions occur not only between a pair of nodes, but also in groups of three or more nodes, which can be abstracted as higher-order structures in the networks. The simplicial complex is one of a model to represent systems with both low-order and higher-order structures. In this paper, we study the robustness of interdependent simplicial complexes under random attacks, where the complementary effects of the higher-order structure are introduced. When a higher-order node in a 2-simplex fails, its dependent node in the other layer survives with a certain probability due to the complementary effects from the 2-simplex. By using the percolation method, we derive the percolation threshold and the size of the giant component when the cascading failure reaches its steady state. The simulation results agree well with analytical predictions. We find that the type of phase transition changes from the first-order to the second-order when the complementary effect of the higher-order structure on the dependent node increases or the number of 2-simplices in the interdependent simplicial complex increases. While the interlayer coupling strength increases, the type of phase transition changes from the second-order to the first-order. In particular, even if the higher-order interactions do not provide complementary effects for dependent nodes, the robustness of the interdependent heterogeneous simplicial complex is higher than that of the ordinary interdependent network with the same average degree due to the existence of 2-simplices in the system. This study furthers our understanding in the robustness of interdependent higher-order networks.
Shedding light on the viscoelastic behavior of artificial and human tears: A microrheological approach
Authors: Vega Juan F. , Fernández Mercedes , Cardil Andrés , Calafel Itxaso , Martínez-Soroa Itziar , Sarriegui Ane Pérez , Acera Arantxa
Published: July 2023

This study conducts research on the viscoelastic properties of biological fluids, including both hyaluronic acid-containing lubricating eye drops and human tears, by means of passive microrheology. By tracking the Brownian motion of tracer particles of various sizes in the fluids, we were able to probe their viscoelastic properties. The results showed that the viscoelastic properties of artificial tears, such as Newtonian viscosity and relaxation time, scale to the concentration and macromolecular size of hyaluronic acid, resembling unentangled semidiluted solutions. Moreover, human tears were found to have a viscosity that is 50% greater than that of pure water, comparable to artificial tears containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid, but with a relaxation time one order of magnitude longer than ophthalmic solutions. This behavior was attributed to their intricate composition. The distinctive aspect of this study lies in demonstrating the feasibility of measuring the rheological properties of human tears, a biofluid of great interest, using extremely small sample volumes and microrheology, providing comprehensive information across a wide range of frequencies approaching those corresponding to blinking upon the application of the Cox–Merz rule. These findings are of significant value as they pave the way for future research on small volumes of tears from ophthalmic patients.
Electrically triggered spin reversal and precise control of spin polarization for electron transport at the single-molecule level
Authors: Zeng Hong-Li , Zhao Hong-Ru , Guo Yan-Dong , Zhao Xue , Wang Yu-Hao , Lin Li-Yan , Ma Ao , Yan Xiao-Hong
Published: July 2023

Different from conventional ferromagnetic methods, producing a spin-polarized current through electrical ways in spintronic devices can greatly increase operating speed, reduce power consumption, and improve device integration. Inspired by recent experimental progress on the synthesis of a heptauthrene molecule, we investigate its spin-dependent transport contacted with Au electrodes through first-principles calculations. By applying a gate voltage, the transmission can be switched between completely spin-up and spin-down polarized states, achieving an electrically controlled dual-spin filter. Furthermore, a fine tuning on the spin polarization, between 100% and −100%, can also be realized, where the transport with any ratio of spin-up to spin-down electron quantities can be realized beyond the traditional devices. The peculiar transmission spectra and their shift are found to play crucial roles, where transmission peaks distribute on both sides of the Fermi level with opposite spin components. Such a spin-polarization modulating effect is found to be robust to the molecule-electrode contacting site, indicating it is an intrinsic feature of such systems. Moreover, the dimension of the device is at the single-molecule level, suggesting great application potential.
Symbiosis of an artificial neural network and models of biological neurons: Training and testing
Authors: Bogatenko Tatyana , Sergeev Konstantin , Slepnev Andrei , Kurths Jürgen , Semenova Nadezhda
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we show the possibility of creating and identifying the features of an artificial neural network (ANN), which consists of mathematical models of biological neurons. The FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) system is used as a paradigmatic model demonstrating basic neuron activities. First, in order to reveal how biological neurons can be embedded within an ANN, we train the ANN with nonlinear neurons to solve a basic image recognition problem with an MNIST database; next, we describe how FHN systems can be introduced into this trained ANN. After all, we show that an ANN with FHN systems inside can be successfully trained with improved accuracy comparing with first trained ANN and then with inserted FHN systems. This approach opens up great opportunities in terms of the direction of analog neural networks, in which artificial neurons can be replaced by more appropriate biological ones.
Nanosecond volume discharge in the non-stationary high-speed profiled channel flow
Authors: Znamenskaya I. , Lutsky A. , Tatarenkova D. , Karnosova E. , Sysoev N.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the work is an experimental and numerical investigation of the interaction between the pulse volume discharge with a high-speed flow in the rectangular profiled channel (obstacle on the bottom wall). The special type of combined discharge—pulse volume discharge with preionization by an ultraviolet radiation from plasma sheets—is used. The flow around the obstacle influences the pulse discharge plasma distribution. The short-pulse initiation of a high power discharge leads to the effects observable in the time range up to millisecond. Ultrafast local heating of the medium with the formation of blast (shock) waves is carried out during the creation of a high nonequilibrium sub microsecond pulsed plasma. The duration of the shock-wave effect of the pulsed discharge is from 20 to 120 μs in supersonic and transonic flow. The spatially inhomogeneous distribution of energy input in a supersonic flow associates with the density lowest areas, which occur in a gas flow regime in a channel with an obstacle on the bottom. Discharge localization regions are sources of more intense wall surface local heating observed in the infrared range. A numerical calculation is carried out in order to match the calculated and experimental gas dynamical configurations.
Giant magnetostriction in La2CoMnO6 synthesized by microwave irradiation
Authors: Manikandan M. , Ghosh A. , Mahendiran R.
Published: July 2023

Polycrystalline insulating ferromagnetic double perovskite La2CoMnO6 possessing a monoclinic structure and a high Curie temperature (TC = 222 K) was rapidly synthesized (∼30 min) by irradiating a stoichiometric mixture of oxides with microwaves. The sample exhibits negative magnetostriction (λpar), i.e., contraction of length along the magnetic field direction in the ferromagnetic state. At 10 K, λpar does not show saturation up to a magnetic field of 50 kOe, where it reaches 610 × 10−6, which is one of the highest values of magnetostriction found so far among perovskite oxides with 3d ions. The magnitude of λpar decreases monotonically as the temperature increases and becomes negligible above TC. The giant magnetostriction in this double perovskite is suggested to originate from large spin–orbit coupling associated with Co2+ (d7) cation. The obtained magnetostriction value is comparable to λpar = 630 × 10−6 in an identical composition obtained through solid-state reaction over several days in a conventional furnace, which indicates the advantages of microwave-assisted synthesis in saving reaction time and electric power without deteriorating physical properties.
Boltzmann’s equation at 150: Traditional and modern solution techniques for charged particles in neutral gases
Authors: Boyle G. J. , Stokes P. W. , Robson R. E. , White R. D.
Published: July 2023

Seminal gas discharge experiments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries laid the foundations of modern physics, and the influence of this “golden era” continues to resonate well into the 21st century through modern technologies, medical applications, and fundamental scientific investigations. Key to this continuing success story has been the kinetic equation formulated by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, which provides the theoretical foundations necessary for analyzing such highly non-equilibrium situations. However, as discussed here, the full potential of Boltzmann’s equation has been realized only in the past 50 years or so, with modern computing power and analytical techniques facilitating accurate solutions for various types of charged particles (ions, electrons, positrons, and muons) in gases. Our example of thermalization of electrons in xenon gas highlights the need for such accurate methods—the traditional Lorentz approximation is shown to be hopelessly inadequate. We then discuss the emerging role of Boltzmann’s equation in determining cross sections by inverting measured swarm experiment transport coefficient data using machine learning with artificial neural networks.
Introducing a graphical user interface for dynamic contact angle determination
Authors: Wood Michael J. , Aboud Damon G. K. , Zeppetelli Gianluca , Asadi Mohammad Bagher , Kietzig Anne-Marie
Published: July 2023

Contact angle goniometry is an important characterization technique that can determine crucial information, such as the wettability, interfacial tension, and adhesion properties of solid and liquid surfaces alike. However, while this technique is already widespread, the by-hand analysis process of elucidating the advancing and receding contact angles (ARCAs) from the actual data set has many pitfalls and is fraught with human error. In this article, we introduce a graphical user interface (GUI) called ARCA Finder that drastically simplifies the analysis process by displaying the contact angle data in a novel perspective and aiding the user to determine the most accurate measurement from the available data based on the full definition of the dynamic contact angles. The goal of this invention is to improve measurement accuracy by reducing human error in goniometry, while also improving the repeatability of measurements among different researchers. By testing this approach alongside by-hand analysis on both synthetic and real dynamic contact angle videos, our results demonstrate a noticeable difference in the measured values, which suggests that the ARCA Finder GUI improves the measurement accuracy compared to the standard approach.
Acoustic error approximation due to Gouy phase in the sea
Authors: Kobold M. C. , Beaujean P.-P. J.
Published: July 2023

In order to estimate the statistical phase of underwater propagation for coherent acoustic systems, a calculation of background structure functions, based on wavespeeds, provides a wavefront distortion metric that excludes the phase due to focusing. In 1890, Gouy measured a phase change through the focus that differs for spherical vs cylindrical convergence by a factor of 2 from π/2. Statistics for the locations of the probable focus waist can use structure functions based on the measured sound speed profiles. Phase estimates are susceptible to errors in phase estimation unless results consider the Gouy phase while passing through focus waists. These foci may counteract or average with other errors of estimation, including scattering, type of spreading (cylindrical vs spherical foci), and reflections from the surface and bottom. Oceans have a sufficient range for the spatial derivatives of sound speed profiles to contribute persistently to foci that we show have coherence time and cross-sectional spatial (imaging) coherence. As an alternative, specular point theory can estimate deterministic pressure solutions. Convergence of these ray models that violate the stationary phase requires methods such as catastrophe theory to estimate the focal effects. Sommerfeld had an early comprehensive ray theory description that includes the Gouy phase. Using Flatté’s data, the foci are clearly time and length coherent. Statistically, the mutual coherence function for the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico regions shows that even distorted and out-of-phase convergence has full spatial coherence.