bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and mechanical properties of reactive sputtered WCN films
Authors: Zhao H. , Ni Z. , Ye F.
Published: March 2016

The WCN films with different C contents were deposited under different substrate bias by a sputtering system. The composition, structure and mechanical properties were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. Results showed that the WCN films consisted of WCN, W2N, amorphous C and CNx phases. With the incorporation of C content, the growth pattern changed from continuous columnar to discontinuous columnar due to grain refinement. By applying substrate bias to the films, the growth pattern changed from discontinuous columnar to fine grained structure because the bias could enhance the mobility of impinging ions or atoms leading to film densification. As increasing the C content, the hardness first increased and then decreased due to the effect of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement. However, the substrate bias had little influence on the hardness because of the co-action of the dense structure and residual stress induced by bias.
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Authors: Montani David , Lau Edmund M. , Dorfmüller Peter , Girerd Barbara , Jaïs Xavier , Savale Laurent , Perros Frederic , Nossent Esther , Garcia Gilles , Parent Florence , Fadel Elie , Soubrier Florent , Sitbon Olivier , Simonneau Gérald , Humbert Marc
Published: March 2016

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterised by preferential remodelling of the pulmonary venules. In the current PH classification, PVOD and pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis (PCH) are considered to be a common entity and represent varied expressions of the same disease. The recent discovery of biallelic mutations in theEIF2AK4gene as the cause of heritable PVOD/PCH represents a major milestone in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PVOD. Although PVOD and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) share a similar clinical presentation, with features of severe precapillary PH, it is important to differentiate these two conditions as PVOD carries a worse prognosis and life-threatening pulmonary oedema may occur following the initiation of PAH therapy. An accurate diagnosis of PVOD based on noninvasive investigations is possible utilising oxygen parameters, low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and characteristic signs on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest. No evidence-based medical therapy exists for PVOD at present and lung transplantation remains the preferred definitive therapy for eligible patients.
Physical activity is not associated with spirometric indices in lung-healthy German youth
Authors: Smith Maia P. , von Berg Andrea , Berdel Dietrich , Bauer Carl-Peter , Hoffmann Barbara , Koletzko Sibylle , Nowak Dennis , Heinrich Joachim , Schulz Holger
Published: March 2016

In lung disease, physical activity improves lung function and reduces morbidity. However, healthy populations are not well studied. We estimate the relationship between spirometric indices and accelerometric physical activity in lung-healthy adolescents.

895 nonsmoking German adolescents without chronic lung disease (45% male, mean±sdage 15.2±0.26 years) from the GINIplus and LISAplus cohorts completed questionnaires, spirometry, 7-day accelerometry and an activity diary. Physical activity was measured as minutes, quintiles and regularity of daily moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), participation in sport and active commuting to school. Primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; they were separately correlated with physical activity and adjusted for confounders of respiratory function, including early-life exposures.

Adolescents averaged 40 min MVPA per day, typical for European youth. 79% participated in sports and 51% commuted actively. An association was suggested between 3% higher FVC (∼100 mL) and either extreme MVPA quintile or percentage of days with >30 min MVPA (p<0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction all associations between spirometry, active lifestyle and physical activity were nonsignificant.

Spirometric indices were not significantly associated with active lifestyle or measures of activity in lung-healthy adolescents after adjustment for confounding and multiple-comparison artefacts.
Letter: Electron-Capture Dissociation and Collision-Induced Dissociation Fragmentation of the Supermetallized Complexes of Substance P with Potassium, Cesium and Silver
Authors: Kostyukevich Yury , Zherebker Alexander , Kononikhin Alexey , Indeykina Maria , Popov Igor , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: March 2016

We report the investigation of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-capture dissociation (ECD) product fragmentations of the supermetallized complexes of Substance P and several monovalent metals. The supermetallization is the phenomenon of the formation of the complex ion peptide–metals in the gas phase when the peptide accepts an unexpectedly large number of metals. We have obtained and investigated complexes with the incorporation of up to four cesium (Cs), up to five potassium (K) and up to six silver (Ag) atoms. The current research reveals crucial changes in the complex behavior in the cases of different metals. It was observed that in CID spectra of complexes with Cs and K is dominated by the peak corresponding to the loss of metal cation while ECD gives a rich fragmentation. In the case of complexes with Ag, the loss of Ag+ occurs in ECD while the CID shows a good fragmentation.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy: A Rapid and Non-Destructive Technique to Assess the Ripeness of Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Fresh Fruit
Authors: Silalahi Divo Dharma , Reaño Consorcia E. , Lansigan Felino P. , Panopio Rolando G. , Bantayan Nathaniel C. , Davrieux Fabrice , Caliman J.P. , Yuan Yong Yit , Sudarno
Published: March 2016

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and non-destructive technique was used with principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to develop an alternative technique for oil palm fresh fruit ripeness classification. The fruit samples were broadly classified into four main ripeness grades: unripe, under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe. A total of 3870 samples of individual fruits were taken at different stages of ripeness between 6 and 27 weeks after anthesis. Right after field collection, fresh samples were sent immediately to the laboratory for NIR and wet chemistry analysis. Two parameters, oil and moisture content in mesocarp were used as prior reference to determine the ripeness grades of oil palm fresh fruit. The NIR spectra of the ripe and over-ripe grades had higher absorbance compared to the unripe and under-ripe grades. The overall average accuracy of the classification by ripeness grades using this technique for both the training and the validation set samples was larger than 81%. In practical application, the rapid and non-destructive NIR technique has potential use for classifying oil palm fresh fruit into ripeness grades.
New near Infrared Spectroscopy Products at Pittcon 2016
Authors: Michael Ian
Published: March 2016

There was really quite a wide spread of new NIR spectroscopy products at Pittcon; fNIRS, miniature, FT-NIR, probes and software. As always, due to the number of exhibitors and size of the exhibition, we may have missed something. If your NIR spectroscopy product was genuinely new at Pittcon, please let me know so we can include it in a future issue. The shortened links to more information are all case sensitive, so if you are typing them in, be careful!
THE RELATION BETWEEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND POWER IN GREECE: PERCEPTIONS OF PEOPLE IN POSITIONS OF POWER
Authors: KONDYLI DIMITRA
Published: March 2016

The objective of this paper is to delve into the question of whether and how the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are channels through which many forms of power are being exercised. The analysis will be based on the findings drawn from interviews with persons having been appointed in powerful positions in the Greek public administration and under this role have contributed to the ICTs usage as well as, secondary written sources on public administration. The main elements of this analysis include an examination of a. the nature of power, b. the subjects in positions of power within public administration as are defined within the framework of this paper, c. the ideologies of modernisation and globalisation as vehicles to the changes incurred regarding the ICTs, and finally d. the transmission of the aforementioned to wider society.
The dynamics of structural changes of rat kidney with acute tubular necrosis in rats treated by cell therapy
Authors: Бибаева  , Bibaeva Larisa , Дзахова  , Dzakhova Galina , Цуциева  , Tsutsieva A. , Цебоева  , Tseboeva Alina , Кокаев  , Kokaev Romesh , Еналдиева  , Enaldieva Dinara
Published: March 2016

Histological examination of Wistar line rats kidneys showed that intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (0,8 ml per 100 gram of body weight) causes the development of acute renal failure which is characterized by violation of the main processes of ureagenesis such as filtration and reabsorbtion. Proteinuria and uremia were also noted. Besides, the expressed morphological changes of kidneys tissue were detectedin all tested animals. The examined group of animals with transplantation of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) received from a human placenta was characterized by less expressed morphological changes of kidneys in comparison with control group and tended to normalization of kidneys function and their histology.
The analysis and prospects of the dermatologic department activity optimization of the North Ossetian Repablicandermatovenerological clinic
Authors: Цебоева  , Tseboeva M. , Базаев  , Bazaev Vitaliy , Царуева  , Tsarueva Madina
Published: March 2016

Work of the dermatological department of the North Ossetian Dermatovenerological clinic for the period 2010-2014 has been analysed. Dynamics of the following showings such as rationality ofthe bed fund utilization, provision of population with beds and medical staff, structure of morbidity have been estimated; recommendations on activity optimization were given.
Hygienic assessment of nutrition, physical education and health services for teenagers, students in institutions of primary professional education in Vladikavkaz
Authors: Дзулаева  , Dzulaeva Indira
Published: March 2016

The results of research of feeding, physical training and medical care of the teenagers who are trained in the establishments of primary professional education are presented. It is established that the hygienic assessment on an indicator “the characteristic of beading” is reflected by UNPO in percentage compliance to standard sizes which fluctuate from 20% to 78%. In the majority of UNPO the equipment of medical offices doesn’t conform to standard requirements. In many UNPO there is a faulty sports equipment, work on physical culture with pupils preparatory and special medical groups isn’t organized.
Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats as a Tool for Translating Evidence into Individualized Medical Strategies (I-SWOT)
Authors: von Kodolitsch Yskert , Bernhardt Alexander , Robinson Peter , Kölbel Tilo , Reichenspurner Hermann , Debus Sebastian , Detter Christian
Published: March 2016

Background:
It is the physicians’ task to translate evidence and guidelines into medical strategies for individual patients. Until today, however, there is no formal tool that is instrumental to perform this translation.

Methods:
We introduce the analysis of strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) related to therapy with opportunities (O) and threats (T) related to individual patients as a tool to establish an individualized (I) medical strategy (I-SWOT). The I-SWOT matrix identifies four fundamental types of strategy. These comprise “SO” maximizing strengths and opportunities, “WT” minimizing weaknesses and threats, “WO” minimizing weaknesses and maximizing opportunities, and “ST” maximizing strengths and minimizing threats. Each distinct type of strategy may be considered for individualized medical strategies.

Results:
We describe four steps of I-SWOT to establish an individualized medical strategy to treat aortic disease. In the first step, we define the goal of therapy and identify all evidence-based therapeutic options. In a second step, we assess strengths and weaknesses of each therapeutic option in a SW matrix form. In a third step, we assess opportunities and threats related to the individual patient, and in a final step, we use the I-SWOT matrix to establish an individualized medical strategy through matching “SW” with “OT”. As an example we present two 30-year-old patients with Marfan syndrome with identical medical history and aortic pathology. As a result of I-SWOT analysis of their individual opportunities and threats, we identified two distinct medical strategies in these patients.

Conclusion:
I-SWOT is a formal but easy to use tool to translate medical evidence into individualized medical strategies.
Rare Case of Vaginal Delivery in Giant Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Luneva Ekaterina , Samokhvalova Maria , Pakhomov Artem , Mitrofanova Lubov , Malev Eduard , Uspenskiy Vladimir
Published: March 2016

A 33-year-old woman underwent successful vaginal delivery despite previously unsuspected 8-cm ascending and 6-cm descending aortic aneurysms. These were repaired immediately after delivery.
Mean matrices and conditional negativity
Authors: Bhatia Rajendra , Jain Tanvi
Published: March 2016

In earlier papers R. Bhatia and H. Kosaki have shown that certain matrices associated with means are infinitely divisible. In this paper it is shown that many of them possess a stronger property: their Hadamard reciprocals have exactly one positive eigenvalue.
Conference Reviews
Authors: Kowolik Leopold , McLachlan Ewen
Published: March 2016

Crafting Sustainability, OCAD University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 14–15 March 2015

International Conference 2015 of the Design Research Society Special Interest Group on Experiential Knowledge (ESKIG), Design School Kolding and University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, 25–26 November 2015
Wirkungsvolle transdisziplinäre Forschung: TransImpact untersucht transdisziplinäre Projekte
Authors: Bergmann Matthias , Jahn Thomas , Lux Alexandra , Nagy Emilia , Schäfer Martina
Published: March 2016

Der Erfolg transdisziplinärer Forschung misst sich daran, ob die angestrebten gesellschaft lichen Wirkungen erzielt werden können. Welche Methoden, Instrumente und konzeptionel len Herangehensweisen dafür geeignet sind, untersucht das Forschungsprojekt TransImpact, indem
es abgeschlossene transdisziplinäre Projek te auswertet. Außerdem will das Projektteam allgemein anerkannte Qualitätsstandards entwickeln.
Exploring Transition Research as Transformative Science: International Sustainability Transitions Conference 2016
Authors: Augenstein Karoline , Stelzer Franziska
Published: March 2016

The International Sustainability Transitions Conference (IST) will discuss advances in the field of sustainability transformations. The conference will be organized by the Sustainability Transitions Research Network, in which both the Wuppertal Institute and Leuphana University
of Lüneburg participate.
Zwischen Tagesgeschäft und Erdgeschichte: Die unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen in der Debatte um das Anthropozän
Authors: Christoph Görg
Published: March 2016

Der Diskurs um das Anthropozän wirbelt unsere Vorstellungen von Natur und Gesellschaft durcheinander. Obwohl das neue Erdzeitalter noch nicht offiziell erklärt ist, regt es die Wissenschaft und die Öffentlichkeit zu immer neuen Deutungen an. Tatsächlich verweist
das Anthropozän auf eine neue Phase in der Dialektik gesellschaftlicher Naturbeherrschung: ,,Der Mensch“ verändert die Natur immer stärker, ist gleichzeitig aber immer weniger in der Lage, die negativen Folgen dieser Veränderungen Christoph Görg zu kontrollieren.
Neu am Diskurs um das Anthropozän ist die Herausforderung, weit auseinanderfallende Zeitskalen zusammenzudenken ‐ vom aktuellen Tagesgeschäft und der nächsten Wahlkampfperiode bis zu erdgeschichtlichen Dimensionen.
“Transformation” as a New Critical Orthodoxy: The Strategic Use of the Term “Transformation” Does Not Prevent Multiple Crises
Authors: Brand Ulrich
Published: March 2016

“Transformation” is an umbrella term which places the ecological crisis in a broader context. To foster societal change, opinion leaders of the transformation debate are focusing on cooperation and learning, existing political, cultural and economic institutions, and trust
in incremental change. However, these leaders are not questioning existing power relations. This bias may partly explain why social-ecological transformation has not yet occurred. A more analytical under standing of transformation can complement and correct some of these shortcomings in order
to better understand the obstacles to policy change.
Reliability analysis of the heart autonomic control parameters during hemodialysis sessions
Authors: da Silva Débora Martins , Macedo Murilo Carneiro , Lemos Lucas Brasileiro , Vieira Fernando Costa , Pirôpo Uanderson Silva , Andrade Helder Brito , Wessel Niels , Pereira Rafael
Published: March 2016

The study of heart autonomic control (HAC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis treatment has been carried out, however, there are no studies reporting the reliability of measurements of HAC parameters involving the mentioned samples and conditions. The reliability of many HAC parameters was evaluated from patients with CKD during two sessions of hemodialysis. The successive R-R intervals were recorded during two sessions of hemodialysis from 14 CKD patients that were undergoing dialysis for at least 6 months and with no history of recurrent hypotensive events. HAC parameters were obtained with time and frequency domain analysis, as well as with nonlinear methods. The reliability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results showed excellent reliability (ICC=0.90–0.98) for most heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, especially the parameters obtained in the time domain [square root of the mean squared differences between successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), percentage of adjacent R-R intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50), mean of the 5-min standard deviations of R-R intervals (SDNNi), and triangular index] and with non-linear methods [standard deviation of the instantaneous variability beat-to-beat (SD1), standard deviation in long-term continuous R-R intervals (SD2), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) α1 and α2, approximate and sample entropies, and correlation dimension (D2): ICC=0.86–0.96]. Among the parameters obtained in the frequency domain (normalized magnitude from the spectrum of low-frequency components (LFnu), normalized magnitude from the spectrum of high-frequency components (HFnu), and LF/HF ratio), the LF/HF ratio showed better reliability (ICC=0.96 vs. ICC=0.70). Measurements of HAC parameters have excellent test-retest reliability for the studied samples and conditions.
Trade Openness and Risk Sharing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Institutions and Financial Depth Matter?
Authors: Nnyanzi John Bosco
Published: March 2016

The study investigates the extent to which trade openness could determine consumption risk sharing. The findings from panel regressions on Sub-Saharan African countries suggest a significant contribution of trade integration in the allocation of consumption risk. Further results point to the importance of reducing corruption if countries are to unhinge domestic consumption from domestic production. Additionally, as countries achieve higher financial deepening, they could become independent from international financial reliance thereby enjoying less Consumption risk sharing. The study argues for policies to promote trade and fight corruption if the observed levels of risk sharing in Sub-Saharan Africa are to improve.
Can Sports Promote Exports? The Role of Soccer Matches in International Trade
Authors: Hatzigeorgiou Andreas
Published: March 2016

Sports can help to increase foreign trade and promote global economic integration. Engaging in sports can provide visibility opportunities for countries and may spur the interest of firms as well as consumers in the respective foreign market. Sport could also help to infuse trust into cross-country business relationships. While previous studies have investigated the role of sport events on trade, this study analyzes whether countries can increase trade between them by engaging in sporting activities with each other. We use soccer, being the world’s most popular sport, as an example when investigating this potential bilateral sport-trade link. Our empirical strategy builds on the fact that many soccer matches between countries’ national teams are the result of a random drawing procedure. Thus, they are a possible source of exogenous variation. Using a gravity model framework, we test the proposed link for approximately 4,800 soccer matches that were played between 209 countries during the period 1995 through 2001. We also analyze the hypothesized underlying impact channel by estimating the impact on trade for goods that are likely to have different elasticity with respect to information and trust friction. The results are indicative of the hypothesis that countries that engage in sporting activities with each other enhance their bilateral trade. These results could have potentially interesting policy implications. Governments may want to consider actively promoting sporting activities together with countries with which they want to enhance their trade.
Furfurylated wood: impact onPostia placentagene expression and oxalate crystal formation
Authors: Alfredsen Gry , Fossdal Carl Gunnar , Nagy Nina E. , Jellison Jody , Goodell Barry
Published: March 2016

Modified wood can provide protection against a range of wood deteriorating organisms. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding the protection mechanisms against wood decaying fungi including fungal enzyme inefficiency due to non-recognition, lower micropore size, and insufficient wood moisture content. The aim of this study was to obtain new insight into the protection manner of furfuryl alcohol (FA) modified Scots pine sapwood (WFA), and to examine biochemical mechanisms and adaptive changes in gene expression utilised byPostia placentaduring early colonisation of WFA. Samples were harvested after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of incubation. After 8 weeks, the mass loss (0.1%) and wood moisture content (21.0%) was lower inWFA, than in non-modified Scots pine sapwood samples (W), 26.1% and 46.1%, respectively. Microscopy revealed needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals, at all harvesting points, most prominently present after 4 and 8 weeks, and only in the WFAsamples. Among the findings based on gene profiles were indications of a possible shift toward increased expression, or at least no down regulation, of genes related to oxidative metabolism and concomitant reduction of several genes related to the breakdown of polysaccharides in WFAcompared to W.
Crystal structure of the poly[(μ4-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′) bis(μ3-8-(11-(oxysulfonyl)-4-silbenyl)-2-(oxysulfonyl)stilbene-κ4
O:O′:O′′,O′′′) bis(1,10-phenanthroline-k2
N,N′) dipraseodymium(III)], C94H64N4O16Pr2S4
Authors: Qiao Mu , Wang Dehui , Lin-ping Sun
Published: March 2016

C94H64N4O16Pr2S4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.174(3) Å, b = 21.479(4) Å, c = 17.797(6) Å, β = 124.23(2)°, V = 4163.6(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0599, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1364, T = 293(2) K.
AGGrEGATOr: A Gene-based GEne-Gene interActTiOn test for case-control association studies
Authors: Emily Mathieu
Published: March 2016

Among the large of number of statistical methods that have been proposed to identify gene-gene interactions in case-control genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene-based methods have recently grown in popularity as they confer advantage in both statistical power and biological interpretation. All of the gene-based methods jointly model the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sets prior to the statistical test, leading to a limited power to detect sums of SNP-SNP signals. In this paper, we instead propose a gene-based method that first performs SNP-SNP interaction tests before aggregating the obtained
Functional Mechanisms of Recovery after Chronic Stroke: Modeling with the Virtual Brain
Authors: Falcon Maria Inez , Riley Jeffrey D. , Jirsa Viktor , McIntosh Anthony R. , Elinor Chen E. , Solodkin Ana
Published: March 2016

We have seen important strides in our understanding of mechanisms underlying stroke recovery, yet effective translational links between basic and applied sciences, as well as from big data to individualized therapies, are needed to truly develop a cure for stroke. We present such an approach using The Virtual Brain (TVB), a neuroinformatics platform that uses empirical neuroimaging data to create dynamic models of an individual’s human brain; specifically, we simulate fMRI signals by modeling parameters associated with brain dynamics after stroke.

In 20 individuals with stroke and 11 controls, we obtained rest fMRI, T1w, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. Motor performance was assessed pre-therapy, post-therapy, and 6–12 months post-therapy. Based on individual structural connectomes derived from DTI, the following steps were performed in the TVB platform: (1) optimization of local and global parameters (conduction velocity, global coupling); (2) simulation of BOLD signal using optimized parameter values; (3) validation of simulated time series by comparing frequency, amplitude, and phase of the simulated signal with empirical time series; and (4) multivariate linear regression of model parameters with clinical phenotype. Compared with controls, individuals with stroke demonstrated a consistent reduction in conduction velocity, increased local dynamics, and reduced local inhibitory coupling. A negative relationship between local excitation and motor recovery, and a positive correlation between local dynamics and motor recovery were seen.

TVB reveals a disrupted post-stroke system favoring excitation-over-inhibition and local-over-global dynamics, consistent with existing mammal literature on stroke mechanisms. Our results point to the potential of TVB to determine individualized biomarkers of stroke recovery.
miR-124 Regulates Diverse Aspects of Rhythmic Behavior inDrosophila
Authors: Garaulet Daniel L. , Sun Kailiang , Li Wanhe , Wen Jiayu , Panzarino Alexandra M. , O'Neil Jenna L. , Hiesinger P. Robin , Young Michael W. , Lai Eric C.
Published: March 2016

Circadian clocks enable organisms to anticipate and adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Despite substantial knowledge of central clock machineries, we have less understanding of how the central clock's behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identifyDrosophilamiR-124 as a critical regulator of diurnal activity. During normal light/dark cycles,mir-124mutants exhibit profoundly abnormal locomotor activity profiles, including loss of anticipatory capacities at morning and evening transitions. Moreover,mir-124mutants exhibited striking behavioral alterations in constant darkness (DD), including a temporal advance in peak activity. Nevertheless, anatomical and functional tests demonstrate a normal circadian pacemaker inmir-124mutants, indicating this miRNA regulates clock output. Among the extensive miR-124 target network, heterozygosity for targets in the BMP pathway substantially corrected the evening activity phase shift in DD. Thus, excess BMP signaling drives specific circadian behavioral output defects inmir-124knock-outs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCircadian clocks control rhythmic behaviors of most life-forms. Despite extensive knowledge of the central clock, there is less understanding of how its behavioral outputs are regulated. Here, we identify a conserved neural microRNA as a critical regulator of diurnal behavior. We findDrosophila mir-124mutants exhibit robust activity abnormalities during normal light/dark cycles and during constant darkness. Nevertheless, as the central pacemaker is functional in these mutants, miR-124 regulates clock output. We provide mechanistic insight by showing deregulation of miR-124 targets in BMP signaling drives specificmir-124defects. In summary,Drosophila mir-124mutants reveal post-transcriptional control of circadian activities, and impact of BMP signaling in behavioral output.
Theta-Alpha Oscillations Bind the Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex, and Striatum during Recollection: Evidence from Simultaneous EEG–fMRI
Authors: Herweg Nora A. , Apitz Thore , Leicht Gregor , Mulert Christioph , Fuentemilla Lluís , Bunzeck Nico
Published: March 2016

Recollection of contextual information represents the core of human recognition memory. It has been associated with theta (4–8 Hz) power in electrophysiological recordings and, independently, with BOLD effects in a network including the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Although the notion of the hippocampus coordinating neocortical activity by synchronization in the theta range is common among theoretical models of recollection, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is scarce. To address this apparent gap in our understanding of memory processes, we combined EEG and fMRI during a remember/know recognition task. We can show that recollection-specific theta-alpha (4–13 Hz) effects are correlated with increases in hippocampal connectivity with the PFC and, importantly, the striatum, areas that have been linked repeatedly to retrieval success. Together, our results provide compelling evidence that low-frequency oscillations in the theta and alpha range provide a mechanism to functionally bind the hippocampus, PFC, and striatum during successful recollection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLow-frequency oscillations are supposed to drive the binding of information across a large-scale network centered on the hippocampus, which supports mnemonic functions. The electrophysiological means to investigate this phenomenon in humans (EEG/MEG), however, are inherently limited by their spatial resolution and therefore do not allow a precise localization of the brain regions involved. By combining EEG with BOLD-derived estimates of hippocampal connectivity during recognition, we can identify the striatum and specific areas in the medial and lateral PFC as part of a circuit linked to low-frequency oscillations (4–13 Hz) that promotes hippocampus-dependent context retrieval. Therefore, the current study closes an apparent gap in our understanding of the network dynamics of memory retrieval.
Effects of Optogenetic Activation of Corticothalamic Terminals in the Motor Thalamus of Awake Monkeys
Authors: Galvan Adriana , Hu Xing , Smith Yoland , Wichmann Thomas
Published: March 2016

The role of the corticothalamic projection in the ventral motor thalamus remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the electrophysiological responses of neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellar receiving-territories of the motor thalamus (BGMT and CbMT, respectively) using optogenetic activation of corticothalamic projections in awake rhesus macaques. After injections of viral vectors carrying the excitatory opsins ChR2 or C1V1 into the primary motor and premotor cortices of two monkeys, we used optrodes to light activate opsin-expressing neurons in cortex or their terminals in the thalamus while simultaneously recording the extracellular activity of neurons in the vicinity of the stimulation sites. As expected, light activation of opsins in the cerebral cortex evoked robust, short-latency increases in firing of cortical neurons. In contrast, light stimulation of corticothalamic terminals induced small-amplitude, long-latency increases and/or decreases of activity in thalamic neurons. In postmortem material, opsins were found to be expressed in cell bodies and dendrites of cortical neurons and along their corticothalamic projections. At the electron microscopic level, opsin labeling was confined to unmyelinated preterminal axons and small terminals that formed asymmetric synapses with dendrites of projection neurons or GABAergic interneurons in BGMT and CbMT and with neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus. The morphological features of the transfected terminals, along with the long latency and complex physiological responses of thalamic neurons to their activation, suggest a modulatory role of corticothalamic afferents upon the primate ventral motor thalamus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides the first analysis of the physiological effects of cortical inputs on the activity of neurons in the primate ventral motor thalamus using light activation of opsin-containing corticothalamic terminals in awake monkeys. We found that selective light activation of corticothalamic terminals in contact with distal dendrites of thalamocortical neurons and GABAergic interneurons elicits complex patterns of slowly developing excitatory and inhibitory effects in thalamic neurons of the basal ganglia- and cerebellar-receiving regions of the motor thalamus. Our observations suggest a modulatory (instead of a “driver”) role of the corticothalamic system in the primate ventral motor thalamus.
Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations
Authors: Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Backeljauw Philippe F , Bidlingmaier Martin , Biller Beverly M K , Boguszewski Margaret C S , Casanueva Felipe F , Chanson Philippe , Chatelain Pierre , Choong Catherine S , Clemmons David R , Cohen Laurie E , Cohen Pinchas , Frystyk Jan , Grimberg Adda , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Haymond Morey W , Ho Ken , Hoffman Andrew R , Holly Jeff M P , Horikawa Reiko , Höybye Charlotte , Jorgensen Jens Otto L , Johannsson Gudmundur , Juul Anders , Katznelson Laurence , Kopchick John J , Lee K O , Lee Kuk-Wha , Luo Xiaoping , Melmed Shlomo , Miller Bradley S , Misra Madhusmita , Popovic Vera , Rosenfeld Ron G , Ross Judith , Ross Richard J , Saenger Paul , Strasburger Christian J , Thorner Michael O , Werner Haim , Yuen Kevin
Published: March 2016

Objective

The Growth Hormone (GH) Research Society (GRS) convened a workshop to address important issues regarding trial design, efficacy, and safety of long-acting growth hormone preparations (LAGH).

Participants

A closed meeting of 55 international scientists with expertise in GH, including pediatric and adult endocrinologists, basic scientists, regulatory scientists, and participants from the pharmaceutical industry.

Evidence

Current literature was reviewed for gaps in knowledge. Expert opinion was used to suggest studies required to address potential safety and efficacy issues.

Consensus process

Following plenary presentations summarizing the literature, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. Attendees reconvened after each breakout session to share group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a draft document that was discussed and revised in an open forum on the concluding day. This was edited further and then circulated to attendees from academic institutions for review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies did not participate in the planning, writing, or in the discussions and text revision on the final day of the workshop. Scientists from industry and regulatory agencies reviewed the manuscript to identify any factual errors.

Conclusions

LAGH compounds may represent an advance over daily GH injections because of increased convenience and differing phamacodynamic properties, providing the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Better methods to assess adherence must be developed and validated. Long-term surveillance registries that include assessment of efficacy, cost-benefit, disease burden, quality of life, and safety are essential for understanding the impact of sustained exposure to LAGH preparations.
Influence of the QoS Measures for VoIP Traffic in a Congested Network
Authors: Luca Robert , Ciotirnae Petrica , Popescu Florin
Published: March 2016

The paper revolves around the subject regarding quality of service (QoS) n a telecommunication network. The chosen scenario is based on the transmission of ata and voice packets using a WAN connection, which has a limited bandwidth and mphasize the need of implementing QoS mechanisms in order to fulfill the quality equirements of the traffic, especially for VoIP. This topology will outline the impact nd importance of the QoS implementation, illustrated by the desired quality resulted hrough VoIP traffic simultaneously with maintaining the data conectivity using a ower bandwidth for applications which require a smaller amount of QoS properties, uch as FTP.
AN ANALYSIS OF MODALITY IN STUDENTS’ HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXTS (SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR PERSPECTIVE)
Authors: Ardiansah Dian
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study deals with the interpersonal meaning revealed the use of modality system in students’ hortatory exposition text at one of universities in Ciamis. Five texts of students’ hortatory exposition were analyzed to find out what types of modality are used and what interpersonal meaning which is contained through modality system. This study employed Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) based on Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2004) framework since it can seek and identify the level of language structured which makes kinds of meaning.The findings showed that all of clauses which contained modality system indicated author’s interpersonal meaning with different value of language in the texts. The different types of language value and polarity also indicated the author’s interpersonal meaning in the texts. In addition, this analysis concluded that five texts comparised several modalization and modulation types which appeared with different ranks. Keywords: Hortatory exposition text, interpersonal meaning, SFG, modality AbstrakPenelitian ini berkenaan dengan makna interpersonal yang terungkap dari penggunaan sistem modalitas dalam teks eksposisi hortatory mahasiswa di salah satu universitas di Ciamis. Lima teks eksposisi hortatory mahasiswa dianalisis untuk mengetahui apa jenis modalitas yang digunakan dan apa makna interpersonal yang terkandung melalui sistem modalitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Grammar Fungsional Sistemik (SFG) berdasarkan kerangka Halliday dan Matthiessen (2004) karena kerangka tersebut dapat mengidentifikasi tingkat bahasa terstruktur yang membuat berbagai jenis makna. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua klausa yang berisi sistem modalitas mengandung makna interpersonal penulis dengan nilai bahasa dalam teks yang berbeda. Berbagai jenis nilai bahasa dan polaritas juga menunjukkan makna interpersonal penulis dalam teks. Selain itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kelima teks memiliki beberapa tipe modalization dan modulasi yang muncul dengan peringkat yang berlainan.Kata kunci: Hortatory exposition text, makna interpersonal, modalitas, SFG,
SASTRA “BACAAN LIAR” HARAPAN MENUJU KEMERDEKAAN
Authors: Sulton Agus
Published: March 2016

AbstrakPenelitian ini berupaya untuk merangkai sumber informasi terkait sastra yang dianggap sebagai « bacaan liar ». Pada waktu pemerintahan kolonial, media karya sastra sangat efektif sebagai wadah perjuangan bentuk agitator dan protes kepada pemerintah sekaligus suplemen untuk memahami diri dan nasibnya sehingga harapan untuk keluar dari kolonialisme pemerintahan Belanda lekas terwujud. Pandangan ideologi komunis digunakan pijakan mentransmisikan stabilitas nilai-nilai politik, sosial, dan ekonomi dengan cara vergadering dari gerakan-gerakan radikal revolusioner Bumiputera.Kata kunci: Bacaan liar, ideologi komunis, sastra perjuangan,revolusioner Bumiputera. AbstractThis study seeks to assemble relevant literature resources that are considered ‘wild readings’. At the time of colonial rule, the literary media was very effective as a vehicle for struggle and protest to the government in addition to serving as a supplement to understand themselves in hopes that Dutch colonialism would soon be over. The communist ideology was used as a framework to transmit stability of political, social, and economic values by way vergadering of radical revolutionary movements of Bumiputera.Keywords: Communist ideology, literary struggle, revolution of Bumiputera, wild reading
TRIANGLING BELLOW’S SEIZE THE DAY
Authors: Novianti Nita
Published: March 2016

AbstractOver the years, new theories of literary criticism have invariably emerged as a response, critique to, and development of the earlier criticisms. This paper introduces a relatively new literary theory that can enrich the repertoire of literary criticism in Indonesian context, namely family systems therapy or FST, through a critical analysis of Seize the Day by Saul Bellow, an American author whose works mainly deal with the theme of family and the issues revolving it. Partly a critique to Freud’s psychoanalysis and its variants, family systems therapy holds that one’s identity is a part of a matrix of identity, thereby requiring the analysis of one’s interrelatedness with the others involved in the matrix in order to understand one’s self. The analysis shows that the protagonist of the novel, Wilhelm, is involved in a triangle in his effort to cope with his anxiety. Triangling is also found to be merely one of the many outlets for the protagonist’s anxiety. The paper concludes that family systems theory is appropriate to critically analyze literary works dealing with family matters, such as Seize the Day. This theory offers new insights not only into the practice of literary criticism but also into seeing problems in life. Keywords: Family systems therapy, triangle, anxiety  AbstrakTeori-teori kritik sastra terus bermunculan, baik sebagai tanggapan, kritik, atau perkembangan dari teori-teori sebelumnya. Makalah ini memperkenalkan sebuah teori yang cukup baru yang bisa memperkaya khasanah kritik sastra di Indonesia, yaitu terapi sistem keluarga, melalui sebuah analisis terhadap novel berjudul Seize the Day karangan Saul Bellow, seorang penulis Amerika yang karya-karyanya terutama mengangkat tema keluarga dan permasalahan yang melingkupinya. Sebagai kritik terhadap teori Psikoanalisis oleh Freud dan variasi-variasinya, terapi sistem keluarga percaya bahwa identitas seseorang adalah bagian dari matriks identitas, sehingga analisis terhadap keterhubungan seseorang dengan orang lain yang terlibat dalam matriks tersebut diperlukan jika ingin memahami diri seseorang. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa protagonis novel tersebut, Wilhelm, terlibat dalam sebuah hubungan segitiga atau triangling dalam usahanya untuk menghadapi kegelisahan hidupnya; selain itu, hubungan segitiga hanyalah satu dari sekian jalan keluar untuk kegelisahan yang dihadapi protagonis. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa teori psikoterapi keluarga cocok untuk menganalisis secara kritis karya-karya sastra yang berkenaan dengan masalah keluarga, seperti Seize the Day. Teori ini menawarkan sudut pandang baru, tidak hanya terhadap praktik dalam kritik sastra, tapi juga terhadap cara melihat permasalahan dalam hidup. Kata kunci: Terapi sistem keluarga, segitiga, kegelisahan.
Safety of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in elderly patients
Authors: Haksal Mustafa Cellalettin , Yazicioglu Murat Burc , Tiryaki Cagri , Ciftci Ali , Coskun Murat , Yildiz Selim Yigit
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes following surgical treatment of hemorrhoids between elderly (≥60 years old) and young patients (<60 years old).Methods: A total of 365 patients who underwent surgical procedures for the treatment of third or fourth degree hemorrhoids between January 01, 2009 and January 31, 2014 were retrospectively screened.Results: Among the 365 participants, 316 and 49 patients were younger and older than 60 years of age, respectively. No statistically significant differences with regard to the gender, operative duration, hospitalization time, incapacity to work, hemoglobin levels at admission or discharge, number of hemorrhoid packages, presence of thrombosis prior to the surgery, reoperation requirement, or the number of patients complaining of long-term pain were observed between the groups. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of early or late postoperative complications between the groups.Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is equally safe in the younger and elderly patients. Therefore, surgeons can be confident in performing surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in elderly patients.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira Júnior Carlos Augusto
Published: March 2016

Começamos 2016 focalizando o tema uveítes. A Dra. Heloisa Nascimento, chefe do serviço de Uveítes da UNIFESP, revisitou o tema a nosso pedido. Fez extensa revisão com mais de 40 páginas, figuras e fotos, apresentando uma revisão compreensiva que será muito útil ao oftalmologista iniciante e ao colega que, mesmo tendo experiência no assunto, poderá rever conceitos e ter acesso ao que de mais atual existe sobre o assunto.Por isso nós, da e-oftalmo.cbo, convidamos vocês a reverem o tema, navegando por nossas páginas e se inteirando sobre todos os aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos das uveítes.Lembramos, ainda, a todos os colegas que quiserem contribuir com a nossa revista eletrônica, que devem observar as orientações aos autores em nosso site, enviando suas contribuições diretamente ao site da revista.Esperamos sua contribuição para a mais nova revista indexada da oftalmologia brasileira! Com os desejos de um Feliz 2016, Carlos Moreira Jr.Editor-Chefe
On the 60th Birthday of Mikhail Yu. Kondratyev
Authors: Tolstykh N.N.
Published: March 2016

On March 19, 2016 Mikhail Yuryevich Kondratyev would have turned 60. The current issue of our journal is dedicated to the memory of this outstanding Russian scientist and a man of high calibre.
Interdisciplinary Relationships between Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology: Resources for Development
Authors: Stepanova V.V. , Tolstykh N.N.
Published: March 2016

The authors describe their specially designed educational technology and argue on the effectiveness of interdisciplinary projects that take into account the educational, psychological and social psychological approaches to the problem of development. The analyzed technology, called “Rostok” (“Sprout”) and developed by V.V. Stepanova, focuses on the content and dynamics of the emerging system of relationships between children in primary school. The authors come up with a new perspective on the issue of group work in learning, the one that is very different from the concepts of collectively distributed learning activity.
M.Yu. Kondratyev’s Social Psychological Phenomenon of “Closedness”: From a “Closed Group” to a “Closed Society”
Authors: Radina N.K.
Published: March 2016

The paper traces the logic of research into the phenomenon of “closedness” from a small group to a “closed society”. The works of Mikhail Kondratyev dedicated to closed groups are reviewed in the context of research on orphanages and as crucial in defining the psychological content of the very phenomenon of “social closedness”. As an example of how M. Kondratyev’s key ideas on closed groups may be applied, the paper presents an empirical research on the “closed society”. It is argued that all basic social psychological patterns discovered by M. Kondratyev in small closed groups are completely relevant to the ones found in the big closed group — the “closed society”.