bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Aspects of the Development of Peasant Household in Russia During the World War I
Authors:   South-West State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, Kolupaev* А.А. , Gali B.T. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Konteva O.E. ,   Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Moscow S.A. Tinkov ,   Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Avdeev Yu. M. ,   Vologda State University, Vologda, Russian Federation., Aleshin P. N. ,   Bashkir state University, Sterlitamak, Russian Federation.
Published: December 2019

Development features of peasant household of some Russian provinces during World War I are described in the paper. World War I had a great impact on Russian agriculture. Military recruitment, requisition of horses and cattle, lack of agricultural tools, machines and fertilizers, transport difficulties had a negative impact on agriculture. About 7.5 million people were taken from agriculture in the first year of war. About 6 million of people were called on military service in the second and third year. As a result, a large number of households were without male work power. Women, old men and teenagers had a major role in agriculture due to a lack of male work power. Agriculture lost a great number of horses. They were taken into the army. 3167 thousand of horses were in the army according to records for September 1, 1917. This is 10% of all livestock of horses in the country. A large number of cattle were confiscated during the war. This had a great impact on agriculture of the southern and western provinces. A great requisition was in middle-class households and in poor households. However, despite a number of negative economic factors connected with the war, country economy had necessary human resources, material and technical resources, showing steady increase in work productivity and crop yield. Political events of critical period in the history of Russia in the beginning of the 20th century showed that the country was dependent on the peasantry. It was because the peasantry was the majority of population. Rural and army support played a great role in a victory of the Left in revolutionary events of 1917 and the subsequent Civil war. Agrarian revolution showed that Russian peasantry resolved complex problems of agrarian development by confiscatory and distributive actions. It was called «Black Repartition» in Russia.
An Empirical Research on Business Dimensions of Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Associate Professor, of Management Studies in Periyar University, Salem., Sarathy* Dr.T.
Published: December 2019

Tamil Nadu is one of the well developed States in terms of industrial development. In the post-liberalization era, Tamil Nadu has emerged as one of the front-runners by attracting a large number of investment proposals particularly in recent times. Today, Tamil Nadu is the third largest economy in India and its current State Domestic Product is well over US $ 23 billion. Small-Scale entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu, especially in Salem district, produce an enormous variety of products which include mass consumption goods, readymade garments, hosiery goods, electrical products, handlooms and handicrafts. The contribution of small industries in these areas to the balanced regional development of whole state as well as the country is noteworthy. Therefore, there is a need to provide need base training to such people in order to bring them into mainstream in the ongoing process of economic growth. In this study, primary data was collected from 225 entrepreneurs in and around Salem area through questionnaire. Respondents were mainly running MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) units and those involved in trading business were not included in the sample size. Convenience sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Simple percentage analysis and Henry Garrett ranking techniques were used for data analysis. Based on the findings of the study suitable suggestions were arrived. This research would be of immense help to Small-scale entrepreneurs and both state and central government to formulate strategies based on key business dimensions and parameters in order to sustain in the competitive market place.
Correlation Between the Usages and the Uses of English Articles in Select Contexts
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of English, Dr. G.R.D college of Science, Coimbatore, India., Kiruthikadevi* Dr. K.
Published: December 2019

Barring a few exceptions, English language teaching in India has been synonymous with teaching of grammar and English literature. As a result, the language taught here is more of written kind than spoken. The grammatical rules are more characteristics of written English, hence over-emphasized. The net result is that this approach tends to teach the usages rather than the uses of English required in real lifetime situations. Hence the need for this study entitled ‘A STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN THE USAGES AND THE USES OF ENGLISH ARTICLES IN SELECT CONTEXTS.’ 509 tertiary students pursuing their post-graduation in M.A English Literature at government aided-institutions and private institutions situated in and around the educational district of Coimbatore constituted the sample for the present study. The independent variables included their gender and medium of education at school. The sample thus selected were diagnosed for their capacity for the recognition and the production of articles in select forty contexts and their omissions by means of a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Results obtained were analyzed with‘t’ tests, One – Way ANOVA, Correlation tests and Association tests. Results: The major finding of the study is that ‘Gender’ has a major affiliation in that the competence of the women respondents in recognizing the usages of the select articles in terms of grammatical rules and producing them is strikingly higher than that of their counterparts. Mother Tongue of the respondents has a very significant association with the recognition and the production of the articles selected for this study. In conclusion, the study establishes the correlation between the knowledge of the rules of grammar as usages and their application as uses in real life time situations.
Ownership Structure and Financial Reporting Quality: Influence of Audit Quality Evidence from Jordan
Authors:   Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia., Qawqzeh* Hamza Kamel , Endut* Wan Anisah ,   Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia., Rashid Norfadzilah ,   Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia., Dakhlallh Mohammad Mustafa ,   Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Published: December 2019

The issues of ownership structure, audit quality, earnings management and financial reporting quality have received more consideration from public, profession and other interested parties particularly after persistent firms' scandals. Ownership structure play essential role in improve financial reporting quality (FRQ) through acting as effective internal control. This study examines the influence of the various types of ownership on the FRQ and the influence of audit quality. A stream of literature has examined the relationships between the different types of ownership, audit quality and FRQ. This study aims to connect such of these variables to produce an integrated model describing the influence of ownership structure with in the company and audit quality on FRQ. Therefore, the following relationships are tested: Ownership structure and FRQ, Mediating effect of auditor quality on these relationships, and audit quality and FRQ. Using Panel Data of 180 Jordanian company listed in ASE from 2009-2017, results showed that directors' and family ownership have significantly positive effect on FRQ through reducing earnings management; Institutional ownership has significantly negative influence on FRQ; Managerial ownership has insignificant impact on FRQ. Audit quality has partial mediating impact on these relationships. Audit quality found to has significantly positive impact on FRQ, it implies that audit quality is considered as deterrent to earnings management. This study suggests to increase the supervisory and monitoring role of institutional ownership on the management when preparing financial statements.
Television Viewing Preferences of Kannada Speaking Population of Bangalore – A Special Emphasis on Kannada Sports Channel
Authors:   St Joseph’s Institute of Management, Bangalore, India,, Saldanha* Avil , Saggar Keshini ,   St Joseph’s Institute of Management, Bangalore, India,, Aranha Rekha ,   Institute of Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Published: December 2019

As a nation India has more than 1600 dialects, 30 plus languages spoken by more than one million people; there are around 32 million users of kannada language in the country (KPMG, 2017). Among the various entertainment that the masses enjoy, majority of the population enjoy playing and watching sports, it is believed that people enjoy watching sports or entertainment in the language that they are most comfortable to speak. Bangalore being the capital of Karnataka is an IT hub and has a wide floating population; the capital is trying to keep the state language alive. A well-known television network is planning to start a kannada sports channel. It is interested in knowing the feasibility of introducing an exclusive sports channel in kannada. The researchers have conducted this study to help the channel to understand the TV viewing habit & preferences, related to sports, of the Kannada speaking population of Bangalore. The researchers also aim to find out how likely, the target group is to watch their favorite sports in Kannada. Based on the results of the analysis of data collected, it can be seen that as a large percentage of respondents have interest in watching Sports in Kannada and have been watching and enjoying the IPL broadcasted in Kannada on Suvarna Plus in 2018, therefore investing in launching a Kannada Star Sports channel appears fruitful. Keeping the target audiences’ content viewing preferences in mind, major TV channels can aim at broadcasting sports such as Cricket, Football & Kabaddi in Kannada.
Iot based Agriculture Drought Prediction using Chaotic Genetic Algorithm Integrated Intuitionist Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering
Authors:   Assistant professor Department of Information Technology, CMS College of Science and Commerce Coimbatore., Margaret* M. Rose , Pavithra Dr. L. ,   Ph.D in Computer Science from Bharathiar University
Published: December 2019

The exponential demand in usage of internet of Things (IoT) devices, there is a vast effective improvement in commination among different things. Especially in the field of agriculture, IoT based applications plays a vital role to make the functionalities more reliable. With the perception of IoT and wireless sensor network, smart intelligent farming system has become a significant research area for researchers. Several researchers have developed automation and monitoring system for various agricultural functionalities. One of the serious issues is agricultural droughts which affect crop production or the ecology of the range. This research work aims to overwhelm this issue positively by enhancing the agriculture drought prediction in India. This proposed technique enriches the quality of the dataset by finding the similar patterns using chaos genetic algorithm based Intuitionistic fuzzy Subtractive Clustering. The uncertainty in drought prediction is greatly handled by representing the dataset in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy domain which gives more importance to the degree of indeterminacy. Intuitionistic fuzzy inference system is enhanced with the knowledge of subtractive clustering. The cluster centroids are selected by the chaotic genetic algorithm,which overcomes the earlier convergence and increase the search space in a parallel manner to handle voluminous agriculture dataset. Feed forward neural network is used for predicting the clustered agriculture dataset to provide intelligent smart solution for drought prediction and to improve the crop growth monitoring task by farmers.
Digital Watermarking for Image Authentication using Spatial-Scale Domain based Techniques
Authors:   Computer Science & Engineering, BBD University, Lucknow, India., Vishwakarma* Sunil Kumar , Sharma Birendra Kumar ,   Computer Application, APJ AKTU, Lucknow, India., Abbas Syed Qamar ,   Computer Science & Engineering, APJ AKTU, Lucknow, India.
Published: December 2019

This paper aims in presenting a thorough comparison of performance and usefulness of concept of spatial-scale domain based techniques in digital watermarking in order to sustain the ownership, security and true authentication. Spatial-scale based image watermarking techniques provides the information of 2-Dimensional (2-D) signal at different scales and levels, which is desirable for image watermarking. Further, these techniques emerged as a powerful and efficient tool to overcome the limitation of Fourier, spatial, as well as, purely frequency based techniques. The spatial-scale based watermarking techniques, namely, Contourlet Transform (CT), Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT), Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) have been selected for watermarking process. Further, the comparison of performance of the selected watermarking techniques have been carried out in terms of different metrics, such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Tamper Assessment Factor (TAF) and Mean Structural Similarity Index (MSSIM). Analysis of result shows that multi-directional and shift-invariant NSCT technique outperforms the SWT and DWT based image watermarking techniques in terms of authentication, better capture quality, and tampering resistance, subjective and objective evaluation.
Accuracy of the Neurons Number in the Hidden Layer of the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm
Authors:   Informatics Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia., Mustafidah* Hindayati , Geography Suwarsito ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia., Permatasari Silvia Nila Candra ,   Informatics Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia.
Published: December 2019

Backpropagation, as a learning method in artificial neural networks, is widely used to solve problems in various fields of life, including education. In this field, backpropagation is used to predict the validity of questions, student achievement, and the new student admission system. The performance of the training algorithm is said to be optimal can be seen from the error (MSE) generated by the network. The smaller the error produced, the more optimal the performance of the algorithm. Based on previous studies, we got information that the most optimal training algorithm based on the smallest error was Levenberg–Marquardt with an average MSE = 0.001 in the 5-10-1 model with a level of α = 5%. In this study, we test the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm on 8, 12, 14, 16, 19 neurons in hidden layers. This algorithm is tested at the learning rate (LR) = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1. This study uses mixed-method, namely development with quantitative and qualitative testing using ANOVA and correlation analysis. The research uses random data with ten neurons in the input layer and one neuron in the output layer. Based on ANOVA analysis of the five variations in the number of neurons in the hidden layer, the results showed that with α = 5% as previous research, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm produced the smallest MSE of 0.00019584038 ± 0.000239300998. The number of neurons in the hidden layer that reaches this MSE is 16 neurons at the level of LR = 0.8.
Contribuições da pesquisa agropecuária pública para as Indicações Geográficas: estudo de caso do Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Authors: Fronzaglia Thomaz , Salles-Filho Sergio Luiz Monteiro , Raynaud Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

A Indicação Geográfica (IG) é uma forma de proteger o uso do nome geográfico de origem de bens diferenciados. Sua evolução institucional e disseminação no mundo teve a França como protagonista. Esse é um tipo de inovação organizacional, de mercado e institucional, de natureza distinta daquela que geralmente envolve a pesquisa agropecuária pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a pesquisa agropecuária, na França, vem interagindo com as IGs. O estudo de caso do Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) analisa sua interação com a evolução das IGs (AOC e IGP) na França e em seus rebatimentos internacionais. Procedeu-se a análises dos projetos executados, das parcerias e da produção de CT&I gerada pelo instituto no tema. Distinguiram-se as contribuições do INRA em diferentes domínios institucionais relevantes para o desenvolvimento das IGs. A análise baseada em dados secundários identifica a evolução e o tipo de conhecimentos gerados pela pesquisa agropecuária que contribuem aos fatores de desempenho dos domínios institucionais relacionados às IGs. Os resultados mostram interações do INRA com diversos processos de evolução dos domínios institucionais, revelando o papel da pesquisa agropecuária pública no processo de inovação organizacional relacionado aos sinais de qualidade de bens territoriais.
Estratégias de comercialização do pescado da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar: a experiência no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Sousa Diego Neves de , Kato Hellen Christina de Almeida , Niederle Paulo André , Freitas Alexandre Aires de , Milagres Cleiton Silva Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar a experiência das estratégias utilizadas de comercialização do pescado da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar adotadas no Tocantins, por meio da articulação de diferentes competências interinstitucionais a fim de promover o desenvolvimento rural e a segurança alimentar pelo incentivo ao consumo de peixe nas escolas públicas. Foram descritas duas ações pilotos coordenadas pela Embrapa com o público das colônias de pescadores artesanais e associações de aquicultores familiares. A construção das estratégias de comercialização foi desenvolvida baseada na contribuição das especificidades de cada instituição que atua no projeto e de demandas advindas da agricultura familiar para a inserção do pescado por meio de políticas públicas. Os resultados apontam que as estratégias propostas podem servir como benchmarking para que outras realidades tenham alternativas de comercialização, principalmente no contexto dos mercados institucionais.
Aquisição de hortaliças pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE)
Authors: Marques Douglas José , Pereira Wagner Roberto , Bianchini Hudson Carvalho
Published: December 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar as principais hortaliças adquiridas pelo programa nacional de alimentação escolar em municípios mineiros. Foram analisados repasses financeiros e valores despendidos com a compra de alimentos de agricultores no período de 2013 a 2017. Quanto ao número de alunos, municípios atendidos, e quantidade de produtores (pessoa física e jurídica), por meio de fontes secundárias do FNDE, foram obtidos dados da aquisição da agricultura familiar extraídos do Sistema de Gestão de Contas (SiGPC). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, e, por meio de figuras e tabelas, foram computadas as frequências absoluta e percentual com a finalidade de extrair informações da amostra estudada. O caráter descritivo do trabalho foi determinado principalmente pela finalidade de registrar, analisar e relacionar as variáveis sem manipulá-las. Concluiu-se, com a pesquisa, que as principais hortaliças adquiridas pelo programa foram alface, beterraba, chuchu, cenoura e repolho. As regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste apresentaram preços médios do quilo superiores aos das demais. Constatou-se que em apenas 4 municípios, produtores estão organizados em associações e cooperativas com DAP jurídica válida, o que evidencia a necessidade de estimular a formação de associações desses agricultores, aumentando a comercialização de gêneros alimentícios, oriundos da agricultura familiar, para a alimentação escolar.
Densidade básica e dimensões de fibra de um clone de eucalipto cultivado em diferentes locais
Authors: Jesus Daiana Souza de , Borges Rafael Nascimento , Silva Jonas Santos
Published: December 2019

No Brasil, as espécies do gênero Eucalyptus são amplamente cultivadas em razão, principalmente, de sua boa capacidade de adaptação. Porém, existe a possibilidade de o comportamento fisiológico diferir entre plantas transplantadas para ambientes com características diferentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade básica da madeira e as dimensões das fibras de um clone de Eucalyptys grandis x E. urophylla com oito anos de idade, plantado em dois locais. Coletaram-se amostras de três árvores de cada um dos locais. A densidade básica média do sítio 1 foi de 0,556 g cm-³, enquanto a do sítio 2 foi 0,542 g cm-³. O comprimento e o diâmetro das fibras não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os sítios, porém, a espessura da parede e o diâmetro do lúmen da fibra apresentaram variação em razão do ambiente. Os índices de qualidade de fibra indicam que o material genético é adequado para a produção de celulose nos dois locais.
Pesquisas com sementes crioulas e suas interações com as políticas públicas na região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos Amaury Da Silva dos , Curado Fernando Fleury , Tavares Edson Diogo
Published: December 2019

A região Nordeste do Brasil – o Semiárido, em particular – constitui-se num amplo mosaico de diversidade biológica e edafoclimática. Essa diversidade é particularmente importante para a agricultura, pois pode assegurar uma produção sustentável, especialmente no Semiárido, com a utilização de práticas agroecológicas na agricultura familiar, fundamentadas no manejo dos agroecossistemas a partir da convivência com o Semiárido. As famílias têm a tradição de produzir, armazenar e conservar as sementes em suas casas. Nesse cenário, avaliaram-se as interações entre a ciência e as políticas públicas de sementes como estratégias de desenvolvimento, amparadas na Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, da Organização das Nações Unidas, ratificada pelo Brasil. Durante todo o processo, os conhecimentos dos agricultores foram valorizados e integrados com o saber cientíﬁco,  mostrando como, a partir das sementes crioulas, são geradas variadas estratégias de uso e manejo dos agroecossistemas. Pelos resultados observados durante cerca de 10 anos de pesquisa, os agricultores concluíram que suas sementes crioulas apresentam desempenho superior ao das sementes comerciais. Os espaços de trocas das sementes crioulas são estratégias que devem ser reconhecidas pelas políticas públicas como mecanismos de gestão da agrobiodiversidade, pois superam a lógica assistencialista dos programas tradicionais de distribuição de sementes.
Mudanças espaciais na produção agropecuária da região do MATOPIBA, Brasil: uma aplicação da análise de redes
Authors: Ramos Milena Yumi , Garagorry Fernando Luís
Published: December 2019

Este artigo examina a distribuição espacial e a dinâmica da produção agropecuária da região do MATOPIBA, Brasil, usando técnicas de natureza visual e quantitativa. Utilizou-se a análise de redes, para modelar a estrutura produtiva da região, para anos selecionados do período de 1990 a 2012, e o conceito matemático de distância para medir a intensidade das mudanças interanuais. Consideraram-se 65 produtos cuja produção está estabelecida em ao menos uma das 31 microrregiões componentes. Os resultados indicam a coexistência de distintos perfis produtivos na região que foram se diferenciando ao longo do período analisado, embora tenha persistido um núcleo relativamente estável de microrregiões que compartilham a produção de itens dos domínios da pecuária e dos produtos da pecuária. Esses resultados mostram, também, o uso da modelagem com redes como técnica analítica válida nos estudos regionais sobre agricultura.
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH STRATEGIC
GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Reddy E. Eswara , N Bhagyashree
Published: December 2019

Environmentally and socially responsive supply chains are in the early adoption stages in India. Global
supply chains need worldwide goals, and the key to the success of Green Supply Chain Management is
to bring the worldwide industry together to decide upon and pledge to work towards reasonable and concrete goals that will
make a real difference to the environment. Customers are increasingly demanding to know where products come from, how
they are made and distributed and what impact future environmental legislations will have on the products they buy. The aim of
this paper is to provide action plans and facilitate knowledge among supply chain practitioner that they need to go green the
business efciently, and communicate these efforts to their customers, partners, and the public. In fact, the paper discusses the
key drivers for green initiatives include government compliance, improved customer and public relations, a decreased fuel bill
and nancial ROI through various supply chain initiatives such as reverse logistics. Further, increasing supply chain efciency,
improving investor relations, decreasing risk and a larger corporate responsibility agenda are identied as important factors
in the strategic decision to go green. Companies working in India are not properly addressing these measures in supply chain
design and operations. That is why, the paper further elaborates strategic management of green supply chain, which involves
collecting and analyzing environmental regulations and customer concerns, discussing the relevant environmental issues with
the procurement, manufacturing and quality control departments across the supply chain rms and nally developing and
communicating the green supply chain policies to all members of the supply chain i.e. supplier's supplier to customer's
customer.
SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY AT
BELAGAVI
Authors: Honnakatti Vishalakshi
Published: December 2019

Today's world is full of with the term molestation and Sexual Harassment. Sexual Harassment can be
identied as a behavior. It will normally terms be outlined as AN unwelcome behavior of sexual nature.
Sexual harassment at geographic point may be a universal downside within the world whether or not it's a developed nation or
a developing nation or AN underdeveloped nation, atrocities and cruelties against women is common everywhere. It is a
retardant giving negative result on each men and girls. It is seen to be happening additional with ladies gender as they're
thought of to be the foremost vulnerable section of the society currently. Sexual harassment so may be a major problem within
the geographic point and it's become one in every of those problems that receive heaps of negative attention. This Research is
done by exploratory type, and utilized Primary and secondary sources that are essential and vital for data analysis. The
secondary sources are collected from on the Internet, articles, other research journals, books and exposed acts in light of the
subject. The primary data were collected through Interview schedules of different professional. The Research utilized rates for
signicant investigation of the outcomes. At the point when men and Women work they are viewed as the change operators for
the general public as the ladies are given more signicance. The most extreme sexual harassment issue happens to women
than men. And the safeguards/protection under the POSH Act is available only to women.
Inclusion of site-specific mutations in the PB1-gene of a virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain of influenza A virus changes its phenotypic characteristics
Authors: Kost V. Yu. , Sukhova O. A. , Akopova I. I. , Gorbacheva E. O. , Lisovskaya K. V. , Rtishchev A. A. , Markushin S. G.
Published: December 2019

Aim. Study of changes in the phenotypic characteristics of the virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain of influenza A virus under the influence of the inclusion of site-specific mutations in the PB1-gene of this strain.Materials and methods. Using a two-step polymerase reaction in the PB1 gene of A/ WSN/33 (H1N1) strain were included ts mutations taken from the genome of attenuated CA donors-strains: A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2), A/Leningrad 134/17/57 (H2N2) and A/ Krasnodar/101/35/59. Ts-phenotype, att-phenotype, immunogenicity, as well as weight loss in mice infected with these mutants were studied in the obtained site-specific mutants.Results. It was shown that the inclusion of ts mutations from the genome of CA donorsstrains of attenuation in the PB1 gene of the virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain leads to a change in the phenotypic characteristics of this strain to different degrees.Discussion. Analysis of the genome of CA strains- donors of attenuation of influenza virus indicates the crucial importance of the presence of functional defects in the PB1– protein for the formation of the attenuation phenotype of the virus.Conclusion. The technology of site-specific mutagenesis canbe successfully used to modify the PB1 gene of a virulent influenza A virus strain in order to construct a new generation of live influenza vaccines.
Rapid diagnostics of genital herpes by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method with fluorescent detection
Authors: Smirnova D. I. , Petrusha O. A. , Gracheva A. V. , Volynskaya E. A. , Zverev V. V. , Faizuloev E. B.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Due to the high clinical significance of herpesvirus diseases, the searching of fast and effective methods for their diagnosis remains relevant.The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA with real-time fluorescent detection (RT-LAMP) with SYTO-82 dye on a model of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.Materials and methods. A total of 44 urogenital swabs containing type 1 and type 2 HSV DNA and 43 swabs without HSV DNA, including 33 samples containing the DNA of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus type 6, were studied. For RT-LAMP, Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA polymerase, SYTO-82 dye, LAMP primers were used.Results. The high efficiency of HSV DNA detection in the RT-LAMP reaction with SYTO-82 dye was shown. RT-LAMP in optimal conditions allowed to reduce reaction time for 2-3 times compared to real-time PCR (to 35 minutes). Analytical sensitivity of HSV type 1 and 2 detection in RT-LAMP was 103 copies of DNA/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP diagnosis of HSV infection were 96% and 100%, respectively.Discussion. RT-LAMP method has a high sensitivity and specificity comparable to RTPCR, while the risk of false positive results obtaining is minimal.Conclusion. Thus, the reaction of RT-LAMP with SYTO-82 dye allows quickly, with high sensitivity and specificity to detect HSV DNA in clinical material and can be considered as a promising point-of-care testing method.
Evolution of influenza viruses based on sensitivity to temperature of replication
Authors: Larionova N. V. , Kiseleva I. V. , Rudenko L. G.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The assessment of the ability of influenza viruses to replication at temperature conditions beyond optimal values approaches us to understanding the laws of their evolutionary variability. The temperature range for the reproduction of epidemic viruses is also an important indicator for choosing a rational strategy for producing attenuated reassortants for a live influenza vaccine.The purpose of the study is a retrospective analysis of the biological properties of influenza viruses from various pandemic and epidemic cycles based on their ability to replicate at temperatures beyond optimal values.Materials and methods. We studied 234 strains of human influenza A and B viruses that caused epidemics in the 20th – 21st centuries. The infectious activity of viruses at different incubation temperatures was determined in developing chicken embryos. The temperature sensitivity and cold resistance of viruses replication were estimated as a difference of infectious titers at the optimum and raised or lowered incubation temperatures.Results. Data from a retrospective study indicate that the range of sensitivity to replication temperature during the natural drift of influenza A and B pathogens is subject to regular variability that has a cyclic character.Discussion. To assess the evolution and epidemic potential of influenza viruses, it is important not only to register a change in their antigenic properties but also to take into account the temperature sensitivity of the reproduction. Both of these properties contribute to the manifestation of the virulence of the virus. Prolonged circulation of temperature-sensitive viruses can be a prerequisite for the appearance of a radically new drift variant and even shift.Conclusion. The analysis of the variability of the biological properties of influenza viruses approaches to the comprehension of possible ways of their evolution, that contributes to the development of rational methods for preventing the spread of viruses and the incidence caused by them.
Protective effects of zinc ions towards Staphylococcus aureus bacteria exposed with antibiotics
Authors: Cheknev S. B. , Vostrova E. I. , Sarycheva M. A. , Vostrov A. V.
Published: December 2019

Objective. The work was performed with the purpose to study susceptibility of S. aureus bacteria to the action of the standard spectrum of antibiotics in presence of zinc ions used on the disks with antibiotics or on the lawn of the bacterial culture preliminarily to antibiotics treatment.Materials and methods. Suspensions of S. aureus bacteria which contained 108 CFU/ ml were sown by the lawns into the standard Petri dishes coated with the supplemented Nutrient Agar. 30 min later the standard disks with antibiotics were passed on the surface of the lawn, and zinc sulfate was added by the drops of the volume of 5 μl on the surface of the disk. Then the dishes with bacterial cultures were incubated for 24 hrs at 37°C followed by measuring diameter of the area of culture growth inhibition. In some tests preliminarily to the disks with antibiotics passing the places of following disks application were treated with the zinc sulfate for 10 min at the room temperature.Results and discussion. In presence of 1.0 μg/ml of zinc ions on the disk with antibiotics protective action of the metal towards the bacteria was registered at 2.9 per cent observations. In presence of one, four or eight zinc ions per one molecule of antibiotic protective action was registered at 1.4-5.7 per cent observations. Treatment with zinc ions of the surfaces of lawns followed by the disks installation resulted in 27.3-45.5 per cent observations of reducing diameter of the area of bacterial growth inhibition.Conclusion. The treatment of the surface of the lawn of S. aureus bacteria with zinc ions cause protection of the bacteria from the following inhibitory antibiotics action.
Subsets of T regulatory cells in patients with IgE-mediated allergy
Authors: Nikolov G. S. , Todorova Y. D. , Nikolova M. H. , Emilova R. G. , Hristova D. M. , Kostova-Shahid P. J. , Petrunov B. N.
Published: December 2019

Background. It is presently known that several subsets of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, both natural and inducible maintain tolerance to environmental allergens. But the relative importance of distinct phenotypically defined Treg subsets for the clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated allergy has not been elucidated yet.The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype and number of different Treg subpopulations from patients with IgE-mediated allergy compared with healthy non-allergic individuals.Materials and methods. A group of 20 patients with clinically manifested IgE allergy and a group of 10 healthy no allergic controls were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken after informed consent. Percentage and absolute count (AC) of the following regulatory subsets: naive (CD45RO-FoxP3lo), memory (RO+FoxP3+), effector (Treg eff, RO+FoxP3hi), induced (CD39+CD134+), Thl7/Treg (CD196+FoxP3+CD4Treg); Tr1 (IL-10+FoxP3-), were determined using standard 8-parameter flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto II).Results and discussion. The share and AC of FoxP3+CD4 Treg was significantly decreased in sensitized patients as compared to controls (mean 0,6% vs. 3,3%, p0.05 and 8,7 vs. 55 cells/μl p0.001). In addition, a significantly decreased level of Tr1 cells was observed in the patients with allergy, 0,4% vs. 2,1 % in healthy controls (p0,05) as well for subset of Thl7/Treg (mean 7,7% vs. 28,4% in healthy persons, p0.01).Conclusion. The significantly decreased number of FoxP3+CD4 Treg as well as periphery induced Tr1 and Thl7/Treg cells in patients with respiratory allergy lead to dysregulation and loss of peripheral immune tolerance, which is the pathophysiological basis for development of widely spread allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.
Detection of enterotoxigenic strains Staphylococcus aureus, producing SEC and SEI, isolated in patients with pneumonia, sepsis and burns
Authors: Fluer F. S. , Panova Ya. A. , Azanova A. A. , Mamycheva E. V.
Published: December 2019

Aim. To identify the frequency of occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxins of the SEC and SEI type produced by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with different nosology. As you know, the infection process in them proceeds with severe intoxication without vomiting and intestinal disorders.Materials and methods. 79 strains were studied (43 were isolated in case of pneumonia, 13 - in burns, 11 - in sepsis) S. aureus in the presence of SES and SEI using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. It was found that 48.3% of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with pneumonia produced SEC and 72.1% - SEI. The frequency of occurrence of S. aureus strains producing SEC and SEI isolated in patients with burn infections was 23.0 and 15.4%, respectively. 36.4% of staphylococcal strains isolated in patients with sepsis produced SEC, 45.5% - SEI.Discussion. It was found that the proportion of S. aureus cultures producing SEC enterotoxins during sepsis is significantly higher than the strains producing SEB (5.4%) and much smaller than SEA (75.6%). A high percentage of SEI-positive strains was found compared to strains that produce the classic enterotoxins SEA, SEB and SEC isolated from pneumonia. In burn infections, the proportions of strains producing SEC and SEI were 15.4 and 23.0%, respectively, which is significantly lower than SEA (92.9%).Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need to identify staphylococcus strains that produce both classic and newly discovered enterotoxins, which are crucial virulence factors leading to lethal sepsis, infectious endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome to eliminate them.
Bacteriophages and the immune system of the macroorganism
Authors: Ivanovа I. A. , Trufanova A. A. , Filippenko A. V. , Bespalova I. A. , Omelchenko N. D.
Published: December 2019

Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in recent years, the treatment and prevention of various infections with bacteriophages have again become an important area of research. However, when using phages for this purpose, it is necessary to take into account the immune responses of a macroorganism to their introduction. The data about impact of bacterial viruses on the innate and adaptive immunity system of mammals in available literature are few and contradictory. This issue requires further detailed study, especially in the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic biological products based on bacteriophages.
On the 60th anniversary of discovery and study of the far eastern scarlet-like fever
Authors: Somova L. M. , Andryukov B. G.
Published: December 2019

The priority results of Russian researchers obtained over a 60-year period of studying Far Eastern scarlet-like fever (FESLF) are presented. It is proved that this previously unknown clinical-epidemical manifestation of pseudotuberculosis in medicine occurred as a result of the acquisition of special extrachromosomal genetic information (plasmid pVM 82) by the pathogen. FESLF was found to be associated with a specific clonal line of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, extended in Russia. The results of a long-term study of DSL became the basis for revealing the fundamental issues of medical microbiology and ecology, namely: the concept of the psychrophilicity of pathogenic bacteria and the significance of this phenomenon in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the diseases they cause, saprophytism and parasitism of pathogenic bacteria, as well as for the development of the doctrine of saprozoonoses (sapronoses) with identification of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The relevance of further research on the problem of FESLF is associated with establishment the significance of heteromorphism and persistence of Y. рseudotuberculosis in the interepidemic period.
Reacciones adversas cutáneas severas a medicamentos: estado del conocimiento
Authors: Villa-Arango Ana M. , Acevedo-Vásquez Ana M. , Cardona-Villa Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos afectan de manera global entre el 10% y el 20% de los pacientes hospitalizados y el 7% de los pacientes ambulatorios. Aproximadamente, uno de cada mil pacientes hospitalizados sufren reacciones adversas que amenazan la vida. Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos, denominadas como reacciones alérgicas (inmunológicas), se pueden agrupar según la clasificación de Gell y Coombs en: tipo I (mediada por IgE), tipo II (citotóxica), tipo III (por inmunocomplejos) y tipo IV (hipersensibilidad retardada o celular). Actualmente, las reacciones tipo IV se subclasifican según la célula efectora involucrada y sus correspondientes citoquinas. Estos subgrupos se definen como: tipo IVa (con activación del perfil Th1, los macrófagos como células efectoras y liberación de INF-γ y TNF-α), tipo IVb (con activación del perfil Th2, los eosinófilos como células efectoras y liberación de citoquinas como la IL-5, la IL-4 y la IL-13), tipo IVc (con los linfocitos T citotóxicos como células efectoras y liberación de granzimas B y perforinas) y tipo IVd (con los neutrófilos como células efectoras y liberación de CXCL8 y factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos). La presente revisión se centra en la epidemiología, etiología, fisiopatología y manifestaciones clínicas de las reacciones adversas cutáneas severas a medicamentos como el síndrome de Stevens Johnson, la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica, el síndrome DRESS y la pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda (PEGA); además de un abordaje terapéutico en cada una de estas enfermedades.
Fase preanalítica: punto crítico en las pruebas de diagnóstico hematológico
Authors: Guevara-Arismendy Natalia M. , Tangarife-Castaño Verónica J.
Published: December 2019

La fase preanalítica es un componente importante de los procesos operacionales realizados en los laboratorios clínicos, en la que se desarrollan diversos procedimientos que pueden afectar el resultado de un examen de sangre, tejidos o fluidos corporales de un paciente. Esta fase va desde la orden médica hasta el inicio del procesamiento de la muestra (fase analítica). Específicamente, en el diagnóstico hematológico los exámenes de laboratorio son la principal fuente de información para la toma de decisiones médicas relacionadas con el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes; por tal razón, el control de todos los aspectos involucrados en la fase preanalítica debe ser una prioridad en todos los laboratorios clínicos. En esta revisión se presentan los principales aspectos preanalíticos de las pruebas más comunes en el diagnóstico hematológico, correspondientes a las áreas de coagulación básica y especializada, hematología general y especializada, citometría de flujo, citogenética, biología molecular, entre otras de interés.
Cetoacidosis diabética en niños
Authors: Saldarriaga-Betancur Santiago
Published: December 2019

La cetoacidosis diabética es la complicación aguda de la diabetes más frecuente, con una alta incidencia en la población pediátrica, múltiples desencadenantes y un alto costo al sistema de salud. El punto de partida fisiopatológico es el déficit absoluto o relativo de la insulina que lleva a un incremento de las hormonas contrarreguladoras para obtener el substrato energético a partir de la glucogenólisis, la gluconeogénesis, la lipólisis y la proteólisis. Lo anterior genera un aumento de los cuerpos cetónicos que produce acidosis metabólica con una importante deshidratación y trastorno electrolítico que en conjunto exacerban y perpetúan la disfunción metabólica. El tratamiento de esta entidad tiene como base la insulinoterapia por vía intravenosa o subcutánea, incluso cuando se han alcanzado niveles óptimos de glucemia, y una hidratación adecuada. La transición a insulina subcutánea al detener el goteo de insulina es importante para prevenir la recurrencia de la cetoacidosis diabética. Con este manuscrito se pretende brindar al lector una revisión actualizada de un tema de alta relevancia clínica, que sirva como herramienta al momento de ejercer un enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de la cetoacidosis diabética.
Mapping Atmospheric Corrosion as a Heritage Management Tool in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Escampa Marco , Barrera-Fernández Daniel , Feria Alonso Gustavo Roldán
Published: December 2019

Arqueometria é a aplicação de técnicas em Ciências Naturais, incluindo a Geografia, para resolver problemas de Arqueologia e Conservação do Patrimônio. A corrosão constitui o principal processo de deterioração dos metais, desencadeado pelas propriedades da matriz circundante. Este trabalho enfoca a corrosão atmosférica em Oaxaca, México. Os métodos incluem a criação de estações de corrosão atmosférica para a técnica de perda de peso e a geolocalização do patrimônio arqueometalúrgico na área estudada. Uma breve revisão histórica da importância cultural dos metais no México também está incluída. Os resultados dos três primeiros meses de medição mostram que os valores de corrosão atmosférica são mais altos no centro da cidade, onde o patrimônio é mais concentrado. A poluição do ar e o aumento da temperatura atribuídos ao aquecimento  global podem ser relevantes para explicar os dados obtidos. Uma análise mais aprofundada de um ciclo completo do ano pode reforçar essa tendência. O método mostrado se torna uma ferramenta útil de gestão patrimonial e urbana e é aplicável a outros espaços geográficos.
Narasi Visual Kematian Pada Ilustrasi Buku Cerita Rakyat Anak Indonesia
Authors: Indrayati Refita Ika , Setyawan Pindi , Saidi Acep Iwan
Published: December 2019

Folklore used as a tool to transfer life lesson from generation to generation. In the midst of modern children'sbooks that carry moral as a main theme, folklore must comes with a new adaptation to compete with other stories. Thisadaptation forced to change how sensitive theme must be delivered, such as death. This study aims to explore howIndonesian folklore books that narrated death in terms of images, texts, and relationships built between the twoelements. Using content analysis, this research takes an example of story containing subtheme as story line from fourprinted books of Indonesian children â€™s folktales that published between 2015-2017.