bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The (Bounded) Role of Stated-Lived Value Congruence and Authenticity in Employee Evaluations of Organizations
Authors: Deeds Pamphile Vontrese , Ruttan Rachel Lise
Published: April 2022

A growing body of research documents that audiences reward organizations perceived to be authentic with positive evaluations. In the current work, we adopt a mixed-methods approach—using data collected from Glassdoor.com and two experiments—to establish that perceptions of authenticity are elicited by perceived congruence between an organization’s stated values (i.e., the values it claims to hold) and its lived values (i.e., values members perceive as embodied by the organization), which in turn lead to more positive organizational evaluations. We then explore the conditions under which audiences are less likely to respond favorably to organizational authenticity, finding that the positive effects of stated-lived value congruence on evaluations are attenuated when audiences have a lower preference for stated values. Although scholars have often explored whether and how organizations can successfully make themselves appear authentic to reap rewards, our findings suggest that the perceived authenticity that results from stated-lived value congruence may not prove fruitful unless the audience holds a higher preference for an organization’s stated values.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.

Funding: This research was supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Award from the Management and Organizations Department at the Kellogg School of Management and by the Michael-Lee Chin Institute for Corporate Citizenship Research Grant from the Rotman School of Management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1578 .
When Do Firms Crack Under Pressure? Legal Professionals, Negative Role Models, and Organizational Misconduct
Authors: Gonsalves Leroy
Published: April 2022

Strain theory has long been invoked to explain organizational misconduct, with underperformance creating pressure for firms to engage in morally objectionable activities. In this paper, I examine whether underperformance increases the risk of organizational misconduct. Drawing on institutional arguments about professions and social learning, I further predict that when experiencing performance strain, legal professionals will push the boundaries of the law, increasing the risk of misconduct if they have influence over decision making. However, industry peers caught engaging in misconduct should serve as negative role models, reducing the risk of the firm resorting to misconduct to overcome performance shortfalls. I test and find support for these predictions using longitudinal data on material legal claims filed against S&P 1500 firms between 2000 and 2017. The study extends the strain theory of organizational misconduct, identifying how legal professionals and negative role models shape firms’ strategic responses to performance pressure.
Islamic Financial Literacy and Its Effects on Intention to Use Islamic Bank
Authors: Ilyana Sariyatul , Purna Fitra Prasapawidya , Friantoro Dian
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Islamic finance in Indonesia has a rapid development in this millennial era. Islamic bank is starting to become an option. Islamic financial literacy has an important role for peoples, not least by students. Student as young generation will have a long future and must have the ability of financial skills. If someone takes a decision wrongly then it will result in a lack of retirement planning and poor borrowing behavior.
Purpose/Objective Study: The aim of this study focuses on measuring the level of Islamic financial literacy, exploring the effects of the hopelessness, religiosity and financial satisfaction on Islamic financial literacy, and determining the effects of Islamic financial literacy on intentions to use Islamic banks among students.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The models being used are simple and multiple regression with ordinary least square method. 376 students samples are taken from Islamic universities in Yogyakarta.
Findings: The results proved that students have a high Islamic financial literacy, hopelessness has a negative and insignificant effect while religiosity and financial satisfaction have positive and significant effect toward Islamic financial literacy. The whole model has significant effect toward Islamic financial literacy. This study proved that Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the intention to use Islamic bank.
Article Type : Research Paper
Classification of Tiles using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ramadayanti Susanti Aulia , Prahara Adhi
Published: April 2022

Tiles are one of the building materials with various types that can make a residence more elegant, attractive, and colorful. However, not all people know about the types of tiles and their advantages. Therefore, a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based method is proposed to make it easier for people to accurately recognize tiles based on their types and know their advantages. The purpose of this paper is to classify the types of tiles using CNN which is based on VGG16 model. The proposed method classifies tiles into 6 classes, namely granite, limestone, marble, motifs, mosaics, and terrazzo. This research uses 186 training data, 96 validation data and 60 test data with image resolution of 224x224. Based on the experiments, the training process produces 100% of training accuracy and 94% of validation accuracy. The testing process achieves 98.33% accuracy which can be concluded that the proposed CNN model able to classify the types of tiles well.
Comparative Study of Technology Approaches in Using Online Marketing Strategies for Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia During the COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Haryadi Hari , Azhari Ahmad , Peker Kenan
Published: April 2022

The impact of the coronavirus pandemic has been felt in the business and financial world. In a fairly short time, marketing patterns have changed, especially when social distancing is enforced and micro-restrictions. Business actors have to rack their brains to be able to market their products or services to consumers as a brand strategy to survive amid the coronavirus pandemic. Business people optimize online marketing and digital branding to communicate with their target consumers. The COVID-19 PANDEMIC has also accelerated digitalization in the marketing sector. Online sales are one of the solutions to the limited physical movement of people to visit shopping centres. The switch to online marketing is also one strategy that determines whether or not a product can survive during a pandemic. This study describes how small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia face the Covid 19 pandemic. It is hoped that this literature study can provide an overview of the condition of MSMEs in Indonesia during the pandemic to improve welfare through online marketing.
Modeling of Split Ring Resonator for Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy with Resonant Frequency of 950 MHz
Authors: Baswara Ahmad Raditya Cahya , Wijaya F Danang , Firmansyah Eka , Simbolon Tua Raja , Nurcresia Berthianna
Published: April 2022

The use of a split ring resonator (SRR) as an electromagnetic energy harvester can increase the flexibility of electronic devices because the rechargeable power does not require the connection of cables and batteries. The energy used in the electromagnetic 950 MHz implies one of the frequencies of the wireless network en masse in the room. The objection in this research is to find out how to design an SRR that has a resonant frequency of around 950 MHz, and how to know its characteristics. Based on previous research, variations were carried out with three measurement parameters which were carried out separately and simulated using CST software to achieve a resonant frequency of 950 MHz. The results of the simulation and design process with CST software are three SRR models which are then named SRR 1, SRR 2, and SRR 3. SRR 1 has a ring width 5.6 mm,a slit width 2.7 mm, a ringside length 35 mm, and a ring plate thickness 0.017 mm. SRR 2 has 2.9 mm in a ring width, 10.8 mm in a slit width, 35 mm in a  ringside length, and 0.017 mm in a ring plate thickness. SRR 3 has a ring width 2.9 mm, a slit width of 2.7 mm, a ringside length of 32.25 mm, and a ring plate thickness of 0.017 mm. SRR is expected to obtain energy from wireless network energy that is often used indoors.
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: April 2022

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 59-year-old man who was experiencing episodes of heart palpitations that appeared to come on without provocation or warning.
Feline osteoarthritis
Authors: Dowgray Nathalie
Published: April 2022

This workshop discussed the prevalence of feline osteoarthritis (OA), how the nursing team can work with cat caregivers and the rest of the veterinary team to recognise and diagnose feline OA, and the role of the nursing team in the on-going management of feline OA
Understanding protein losing enteropathy (PLE)
Authors: Surgenor Chelsey
Published: April 2022

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is not a diagnosis of a specific disease but can be considered a symptom or syndrome of a disease or disorder, often from gastrointestinal origin. Although more common in dogs, it can also be presented in cats, with variation in symptoms being mild to severe and life-threatening.

Often requiring hospitalisation, veterinary nurses may become very involved in the care of patients with PLE. Understanding the syndrome and nursing requirements may improve patient recovery. This article discusses the fundamental pathophysiology, aetiology, presentation, diagnostics, treatment and nursing considerations relevant to PLE.
Quantifying Farmers’ Exposure to Corn and Soybean Dust in On-Farm Grain Storage Bins
Authors: Geng Yang , Jepsen S. Dee , Zhao Lingying , Soboyejo Alfred
Published: April 2022

Highlights

On-farm samples were used to analyze farmers’ exposure to dust while cleaning and unloading their grain bins.

Over 18% of samples exceeded the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration recommended by ACGIH for respirable dust, and over 27% of samples exceeded the ACGIH recommendation for total suspended particles.

The results strengthen the need for relevant agricultural safety education programs to help farm workers understand the health hazards associated with grain dust.

Abstract. Grain dust consists of grain particles, insect parts, silica, bacteria, fungi, and mycotoxins. The size of these airborne particulates is a concern because they can become deeply lodged in the respiratory tract. Exposure to grain dust can diminish overall lung function and lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS), chronic bronchitis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (farmer’s lung). Grain storage and handling facilities are primary work locations with high levels of grain dust concentrations. The objective of this study was to understand farmers’ exposure to grain dust while cleaning and unloading their grain bins. During on-farm dust sampling, researchers visited farms to collect dust samples for analysis. Two types of samples were taken. Integrated samples provided average concentrations of total dust and respirable dust while farmers performed their normal tasks in the grain bin. Real-time samples provided instantaneous concentrations of respirable dust (RESP) and total suspended particles (TSP) and how the variations changed during the farmers’ working periods. From the data collected in corn storage bins, RESP concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 6.6 mg m-3, and TSP concentrations ranged from 33 to 70.7 mg m-3. From the data collected in soybean storage bins, RESP concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 82.3 mg m-3, and TSP concentrations ranged from 8.9 to 146.8 mg m-3. Based on the calculated 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of all samples, 18.2% of the 8-hour TWA RESP concentrations exceeded the ACGIH-recommended respirable dust concentration of 3 mg m-3, and 27.3% of the 8-hour TWA TSP concentrations exceeded the ACGIH-recommended total dust concentration of 610 mg m-3. The results strengthen the need for relevant agricultural safety education programs to help farm workers understand the health hazards associated with grain dust. Keywords: Grain dust concentrations, Occupational health, On-farm grain storage bins.
Farm Fatal Injury Trends in Illinois from 1999 to 2019
Authors: Li Sihan , Aby Guy Roger , Aherin Robert , Issa Salah F.
Published: April 2022

Highlights

We identified 510 fatal agricultural incidents in Illinois from 1999 to 2019.

Tractors and roadway-related incidents were the two leading sources of fatalities.

Older farmers (65 and older) accounted for the highest percentage of fatalities.

Among tractor-related incidents, overturns accounted for the highest percentage.

Abstract. The objective of this study was to analyze fatal injury trends and injury types in Illinois from 1999 to 2019. Data on fatal farm injuries in Illinois were collected from a newspaper clipping service. The data were analyzed by incident type and victim age. The types of farm-related incidents were classified as confined space, ATV, tractor, electrical, farm equipment, and other. From 1999 to 2019, the University of Illinois reported 510 fatal incidents, of which 213 (42%) were tractor-related. Tractor-related incidents represented the largest proportion of fatalities, followed by 82 (16%) roadway-related fatalities and 45 (9%) grain bin fatalities. In the past two decades, there has been an average of 24 fatalities per year. The number of incidents has declined over time, and the five-year moving average for 2019 was approximately 17 incidents. However, the proportion of tractor-related fatalities has remained consistent overtime and represents approximately 34% to 46% of all incidents per year on a five-year moving average. The results reflect a decreasing number of total farm fatalities in the past two decades with yearly fluctuations. Moreover, the results suggest that tractors remain one of the main causes of farm fatalities in Illinois. These results provide a better understanding of agricultural injuries in Illinois, which will help design targeted outreach efforts and provide new focus areas for research. Keywords: Agricultural fatality, Agriculture injuries, Farm fatalities, Injury, Newspaper clippings, Tractor fatalities.
Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Power System Incorporating Electric-Vehicles
Authors: Safiullah Sheikh , Rahman Asadur
Published: April 2022

State-of-the-art: The present study broadly addresses the performance analysis of a hybrid power system with the inclusion of modern day electric vehicles (EV) and renewable energy sources. Generations in the form of conventional-thermal, diesel-plant, solar-thermal for the hybrid power system as well as EVs establish a concurrent regulation of system frequency, voltage and corresponding tie-lie power. The effective power management for the power system is established in such a way that EV realizes the battery management system integrated with the utility grid. The instantaneous control and management capability of a grid-connected EV are the main attractive features that are highlighted in this work. Small signal stability study of the developed hybrid power system is investigated through Eigen-value analysis.

Methods & Outcomes: For anticipated performance enhancement for the developed hybrid power system, the parameters are adjusted using a dominant magnetotactic-bacteria optimization (MBO) technique. The performance of MBO optimized controller for effective control of system dynamic responses are validated in this study. Sensitivity tests involving large deviations beyond nominal values of system components validate the reliability of the hybrid power system. The role of EV in terms of power control and management has been successfully demonstrated. The stability of the controlled power system is verified using Eigen-value analysis. The role of EVs help to improve system stability is also proved.
Metaheuristic Technique based on Realistic Mimicking of Grey Wolf’s Hunting Process for Solving Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem with Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jain Anjali , Mani Ashish , Siddiqui Anwar Shahzad
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a realistic variant of grey wolf optimizer with the dynamic behavior of prey position and hence called as Realistic Grey Wolf Optimizer (RGWO). The proposed method is employed to solve 23 benchmark problems and a well-known complex power system problem of dynamic economic dispatch of power by generating units taking into consideration of electric vehicles with valve point effect, ramp-rate, transmission losses for a time interval of 24 hours. The prey position is modeled dynamic i.e., it is considered to be moving and is not static as considered in an earlier version of GWO with the help of probability distribution function. The probability distribution function which is considered here is Levy Flight, Cauchy, Gamma, Gaussian, and Weibull. Thereafter, the statistical testing is done with the help of the Wilcoxon Rank test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to investigate the significance of the different variants of RGWO. The experimental results and statistical testing show that the modification proposed in RGWO significantly improves the performance of GWO and hence the algorithm is utilized to find dynamic economic dispatch along with electric vehicles considering different constraints effectively.
Pengaruh Durasi DM Tipe 2 Terhadap Angka Leukosit dan Hitung Jenis Leukosit Pada Tikus Wistar Pasca Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO)
Authors: Handayani Ety Sari , Dianita Farah Jasmine , Yuantari Rahma Yuantari
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Stroke iskemik merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemui di dunia terutama Indonesia. BCCAO merupakan teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk menginduksi iskemia serebral. Salah satu faktor risiko stroke iskemik yaitu diabetes melitus tipe 2 dimana dapat meningkatkan agregasi leukosit dan aktivasi aterosklerosis. Mengetahui pengaruh durasi diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap angka leukosit dan hitung jenis leukosit pada tikus pasca ligasi BCCAO.

Metode: Jenis penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimental. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu tikus jantan dewasa (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar. Tikus dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor tikus. Kelompok 1 merupakan kelompok sham operated, kelompok 2 merupakan kelompok iskemik (diligasi BCCAO selama 20 menit dan reperfusi 7 hari), kelompok 3 merupakan kelompok perlakuan DM-iskemik (DM selama 2 minggu dengan BCCAO), dan kelompok 4 merupakan kelompok DM-iskemik (DM selama 3 minggu dengan BCCAO. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA dan Kruskal Wallis.

Hasil: Angka leukosit dan hitung jenis leukosit pada DMT2 durasi 3 minggu memiliki nilai Neutrofil yang signifikan (23,53x 5,57; p = 0,014, p <0,05) dan Limfosit (66,68 x 6,16; p = 0,028, p <0,05) setelah induksi stroke iskemik.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh durasi diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap hitung jenis leukosit yaitu neutrofil dan limfosit pada tikus pasca ligasi BCCAO.

Kata Kunci: Durasi DM, BCCAO, angka leukosit, hitung jenis leukosit
A transferência de cádmio de cefalópodes para cetáceos: uma revisão
Authors: Dorneles Paulo Renato , Lailson-Brito Junior José , Malm Olaf
Published: April 2022

Considering that environmental levels of cadmium have increased due to anthropogenic activity, surveillance on the concentrations of this toxic element in cetaceans and their prey is of special interest, since marine mammals appear as a choice material in the framework of ecotoxicology. Cephalopods role in the transfer of cadmium to cetaceans is well known in other regions of the planet and was also verified in Brazil. The high burden of cadmium ingested by cetaceans raise the question of a possible detrimental effect; however, as it seems that exposure has occurred during the evolution process, apparently these mammals are adapted.
Flora da Bahia – Bignoniaceae 1: Jacaranda Jussieu
Authors: Silva-Castro Milene Maria da , Agustinho Cibele R. de , Brito Rafael F.
Published: April 2022

This work aims at surveying the species of Jacaranda Juss. (Bignoniaceae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Collections in the following herbaria were studied: ALCB (Universidade Federal da Bahia), CEPEC (Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau), HRB (IBGE – RadamBrasil), HUEFS (Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana) and HUESB (Herbário da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Jequié). Fifteen species were found: Jacaranda bracteata Bur. and K. Schum., J. brasiliana (Lam.) Pers., J. caroba (Vell.) DC., J. duckei Vatt., J. grandifoliolata A. Gentry, J. aff grandifoliolata A. Gentry, J. irwinii A. Gentry, J. jasminoides (Thunb.) Sandw., J. microcalyx A. Gentry, J. obovata Cham., J.  aucifoliolata Mart. ex DC., J. praetermissa Sandw., J. puberula Cham., J. simplicifolia K. Schum. ex Bur. and K. Schum., and J. ulei Bur. and K. Schum. Key, descriptions, illustrations and comments on geographical distribution, phenology and morphological variability are presented to these species.
ESTRESSE COMO INDUTOR DA MULTIPLICAÇÃO IN VITRO DE Comanthera mucugensis
Authors: Bastos Fernanda de Jesus Oliveira
Published: April 2022

Comanthera mucugensis (Giul.) L.R. Parra & Giul. é considerada como uma das mais importantes sempre-vivas do país, ese encontra na Lista Vermelha de espécies em perigo de extinção. Diante disso, énecessáriaa realização de estudos que visem à propagação dessa espécie, que podem ser realizados através da cultura de tecidos vegetais, por meio da micropropagação.
Underwater hyperspectral imaging system with dual-scanning mode
Authors: Bai Haoxuan , Xue Qingsheng , Hao Xijie , Li Hui , Huang Liyu , Li Chang , Yang Jingyao
Published: April 2022

As a kind of underwater detecting technology, hyperspectral imaging technology has been well applied in many areas. But the systems usually have a large volume, and it is hard to mount them on different platforms because the external scanning mechanisms are needed for scanning imaging. To overcome these disadvantages, an underwater hyperspectral imaging system that achieves scanning imaging through moving the objective lens is designed. The design of the optical system and internal scanning and focusing structure were completed. According to the design result, the system is assembled and tested. The imaging quality of the whole system is good, and the obtained spectrum of different targets can be distinguished. The system has a good underwater detection capability, which can provide a new feasible technical scheme for underwater detection.
Integrated optical system design for large-field-of-view and broad-spectrum laser warning
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Xuemei , Shi Jin , Wu Qiong , Wang Zhibin , Li Mengwei
Published: April 2022

We introduce an integrated large-field-of-view optical system, including a diffraction grating and a multiband narrowband filter, for laser detection. Simulation of the system in the ZEMAX optical design software package indicated that it was capable of detecting laser radiation in the visible light to near-infrared spectral range (500–1700 nm) from azimuth angles up to 120°, and pitch angles up to 96°. In practical experiments conducted at typical laser wavelengths (532 nm, 1064 nm, 1550 nm), the angle error in the full field of view was better than 0.5°, while the laser center wavelength detection accuracy was better than 7 nm, confirming the system’s ability to identify the angle of incidence and wavelength of an incoming laser beam.
Polarization error in resonant micro-optic gyroscope with different waveguide-type ring resonator structures
Authors: Liu Shuang , Lin Yi , Jin Xiaojun , Ma Huilian , Jin Zhonghe
Published: April 2022

The waveguide-type ring resonator (WRR) is the key rotation-sensing element in a resonant micro-optic gyroscope (RMOG). A universal model used to analyze both the polarization characteristics of the WRR and corresponding temperature-related polarization error in the RMOG is presented. It indicates that the polarization problem stems from the excitation of two polarization states within the WRR. Unequal variations of incident lights on the cavity in the two directions can cause bias errors at the RMOG output. With the application of different silica WRRs to the RMOG, the polarization errors are tested and verify the theoretical results. Finally, a segment of tilted waveguide gratings with Brewster’s angle is fabricated on the silica waveguide within the cavity. The measured polarization extinction ratio of the output light from the WRR is as high as 35.2 dB. The corresponding temperature dependence of the polarization error is theoretically reduced to 0.0019 (°/s)/°C, which indicates that temperature control is sufficient for a tactical grade RMOG.
Multi-class classification of breast tissue using optical coherence tomography and attenuation imaging combined via deep learning
Authors: Foo Ken Y. , Newman Kyle , Fang Qi , Gong Peijun , Ismail Hina M. , Lakhiani Devina D. , Zilkens Renate , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Chin Lixin , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a convolutional neural network (CNN) for multi-class breast tissue classification as adipose tissue, benign dense tissue, or malignant tissue, using multi-channel optical coherence tomography (OCT) and attenuation images, and a novel Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC)-based loss function that correlates more strongly with performance metrics than the commonly used cross-entropy loss. We hypothesized that using multi-channel images would increase tumor detection performance compared to using OCT alone. 5,804 images from 29 patients were used to fine-tune a pre-trained ResNet-18 network. Adding attenuation images to OCT images yields statistically significant improvements in several performance metrics, including benign dense tissue sensitivity (68.0% versus 59.6%), malignant tissue positive predictive value (PPV) (79.4% versus 75.5%), and total accuracy (85.4% versus 83.3%), indicating that the additional contrast from attenuation imaging is most beneficial for distinguishing between benign dense tissue and malignant tissue.
Wavelength and frequency optimization in spatial frequency domain imaging for two-layer tissue
Authors: Wang Yikun , Kang Xu , Zhang Yang , Shi Zhiguo , Ren Huiming , Wang Quanfu , Chen Mingwei , Zhang Yuanzhi
Published: April 2022

Spatial frequency domain imaging is a non-contact, wide-field, fast-diffusion optical imaging technique, which in principle uses steady-state spatially modulated light to irradiate biological tissue, reconstruct two-dimensional or three-dimensional tissue optical characteristic map through optical transmission model, and further quantify the spatial distribution of tissue physiological parameters by multispectral imaging technique. The selection of light source wavelength and light field spatial modulation frequency is directly related to the accuracy of tissue optical properties and tissue physiological parameters extraction. For improvement of the measurement accuracy of optical properties and physiological parameters in the two-layer tissue, a multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is built based on liquid crystal tunable filter, and a data mapping table of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and optical properties of two-layer tissue is established based on scaling Monte Carlo method. Combined with the dispersion effect and window effect of light-tissue interaction, the study applies numerical simulation to optimize the wavelength in the 650-850 nm range with spectral resolution of 10 nm. In order to minimize the uncertainty of the optical properties, Cramér-Rao bound is used to optimize the optical field spatial modulation frequency by transmitting the uncertainty of optical properties. The results showed that in order to realize the detection of melanin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, water and other physiological parameters in two-layer tissue, the best wavelength combination was determined as 720, 730, 760 and 810 nm according to the condition number. The findings of the Cramér-Rao bound analysis reveal that the uncertainty of optical characteristics for the frequency combinations [0, 0.3] mm-1, [0, 0.2] mm-1, and [0, 0.1] mm-1 increases successively. Under the optimal combination of wavelength and frequency, the diffuse reflectance of the gradient gray-scale plate measured by the multi-spectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is linearly correlated with the calibration value. The error between the measured liquid phantom absorption coefficient and the collimation projection system based on colorimetric dish is less than 2%. The experimental results of human brachial artery occlusion indicate that under the optimal wavelength combination, the change of the second layer absorption coefficient captured by the three frequency combinations decreases in turn, so as the change of oxygen saturation.
Large-capacity and long-distance distributed acoustic sensing based on an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating array with an optimized pulsed optical power arrangement
Authors: Yang Minghong , Zhan Hao , Cheng Cheng , Gan Weibing , Fan Dian , Tang Jianguan
Published: April 2022

A large-capacity, long-distance distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system without inline optical amplification was proposed and experimentally demonstrated using an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array and coherent detection. The effect of the finite extinction ratio of an acousto-optic modulator and the Stokes signal of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in UWFBGs on the performance of DAS was simulated and revealed. A high extinction ratio and a balanced input pulsed optical power can improve the capacity and distance of the DAS. The dynamic acoustic signal can be well reconstructed for a serial array of 10828 near-identical UWFBG with a length of 54.14 km. An acoustic signal sensitivity of 189.54 pɛ/√Hz and a signal SNR of 40.01 dB with a spatial resolution of 5 m can be achieved at the far end.
Diffraction and thermal effect of a Bessel-Gaussian laser for Ag nanoparticle deposition
Authors: Li Tianyi , Davis Kristopher O. , Kumar Ranganathan , Kar Aravinda
Published: April 2022

Nanoparticles are known to sinter at much lower temperatures than the corresponding bulk or micro size particles. A laser-assisted sintering process is considered in this study to sinter Ag nanoparticles by dispensing Ag paste onto an indium tin oxide-coated Si substrate. The Gaussian beam of a CO2 laser source is propagated through axicon and biconvex lenses, and the resulting hollow beam is focused on the Ag paste with a hollow parabolic mirror. A Bessel-Gaussian irradiance distribution is obtained at the focal plane of the parabolic mirror due to the interference of the hollow laser cone. The Fresnel diffraction approximation is considered to determine the phasor of the laser and an analytical approach is implemented to calculate the irradiance distribution of the Bessel-Gaussian beam. This irradiance distribution is utilized as a heat source in a heat conduction model and the temperature distribution is analyzed for thin Ag films formed during the laser sintering of Ag nanoparticles. An analytical expression is obtained for the temperature distribution by solving the heat conduction equation using Fourier transform for finite media. The widths of the deposited Ag lines are predicted from the temperature profiles and the model predictions compare well with the experimental results. The isotherms are found to be geometrically noncongruent with convex and concave tips depending on the locally maximum and minimum irradiances of the Bessel-Gaussian beam, respectively. The convex and concave tips, however, appear in the same isotherm for sufficiently high substrate speed relative to the laser beam.
Coupling angle tolerance of the 850-nm single-mode VCSEL output collimated by lensed OM4-MMF or GI-SMF for a NRZ-OOK link
Authors: Lee Shao-Yung , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Huang Kun-You , Chen Xin , Li Kangmei , Wang Chia-Hsuan , Li Ming-Jun , Wu Chao-Hsin , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: April 2022

By collimating the single-mode (SM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at 850 nm with either the OM4 multi-mode fiber (OM4-MMF) or the graded-index single-mode fiber (GI-SMF) with lensed end-face, the directly encoded non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) data transmission performance is characterized when tilting the coupling angle with respect to the surface normal of the SM-VCSEL. In comparison with the lensed OM4-MMF and lensed SMF coupling, the lensed OM4-MMF collimator shows a large coupling angle tolerance with the coupling efficiency only degraded by 5% when enlarging the tilted angle from 0° to 10°. In contrast, the lensed GI-SMF collimator attenuates the coupled SM-VCSEL output by more than 50% when tilting the coupling angle up to 10°. For the lensed OM4-MMF coupling, the receivable NRZ-OOK data rate in BtB and after 100-m OM4-MMF cases can achieve 50 Gbit/s with its corresponding BER degraded from 6.5 × 10−10 to 8.8 × 10−10 when enlarging its tilting angle ranged from 0° to 10°. By changing the collimator to the lensed SMF, the decoded BER significantly degrades from 5.8 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−1 when coupling and transmitting the NRZ-OOK data at 50 Gbit/s. Owing to the low coupling efficiency via the lensed SMF collimator, the error-free NRZ-OOK data rate under the lensed SMF coupling somewhat decreases to 35 Gbit/s in the BtB link and to 32 Gbit/s after the 100-m GI-SMF link with allowable coupling angle tilted from 0° to 4°. This work confirms the applicability of the lensed MMF or SMF collimator for coupling the SM-VCSEL output with a relatively large tolerance on the tilting angle with respect to the surface normal of the SM-VCSEL.
Quantum surface effects in the electromagnetic coupling between a quantum emitter and a plasmonic nanoantenna: time-dependent density functional theory vs. semiclassical Feibelman approach
Authors: Babaze Antton , Ogando Eduardo , Elli Stamatopoulou P. , Tserkezis Christos , Asger Mortensen N. , Aizpurua Javier , Borisov Andrei G. , Esteban Ruben
Published: April 2022

We use time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the jellium model to study the impact of quantum-mechanical effects on the self-interaction Green’s function that governs the electromagnetic interaction between quantum emitters and plasmonic metallic nanoantennas. A semiclassical model based on the Feibelman parameters, which incorporates quantum surface-response corrections into an otherwise classical description, confirms surface-enabled Landau damping and the spill out of the induced charges as the dominant quantum mechanisms strongly affecting the nanoantenna–emitter interaction. These quantum effects produce a redshift and broadening of plasmonic resonances not present in classical theories that consider a local dielectric response of the metals. We show that the Feibelman approach correctly reproduces the nonlocal surface response obtained by full quantum TDDFT calculations for most nanoantenna–emitter configurations. However, when the emitter is located in very close proximity to the nanoantenna surface, we show that the standard Feibelman approach fails, requiring an implementation that explicitly accounts for the nonlocality of the surface response in the direction parallel to the surface. Our study thus provides a fundamental description of the electromagnetic coupling between plasmonic nanoantennas and quantum emitters at the nanoscale.
Optimizing epsilon-near-zero based plasmon assisted modulators through surface-to-volume ratio
Authors: Sojib Mohammad , Fomra Dhruv , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ü. , Kinsey Nathaniel
Published: April 2022

Plasmonic-based integrated nanophotonic modulators, despite their promising features, have one key limiting factor of large insertion loss (IL), which limits their practical potential. To combat this, we utilize a plasmon-assisted approach through the lens of surface-to-volume ratio to realize a 4-slot based EAM with an extinction ratio (ER) of 2.62 dB/µm and insertion loss (IL) of 0.3 dB/µm operating at ∼1 GHz and a single slot design with ER of 1.4 dB/µm and IL of 0.25 dB/µm operating at ∼20 GHz, achieved by replacing the traditional metal contact with heavily doped indium tin oxide (ITO). Furthermore, our analysis imposes realistic fabrication constraints, and material properties, and illustrates trade-offs in the performance that must be carefully optimized for a given scenario.
Investigated hydrogen-bond network kinetics of acetone-water solutions by spontaneous and stimulated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dou Zhenguo , Xing Lu , Fang Wenhui , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: April 2022

The hydrogen bond (HB) network structure and kinetics of the acetone-water mixed solutions were investigated by the spontaneous Raman and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectra. The HB network of water molecules was enhanced when the volume fraction of acetone ranged from 0 to 0.25. Two new SRS peaks of water at 3272 and 3380 cm−1 were obtained, resulting from the cooperation of the polar carbonyl (C = O)-enhanced HB and the ice-like structure formed around the methyl groups. However, when the volume fraction went beyond 0.25, the spontaneous Raman main peak at 3445 cm−1 showed a significant blue-shift, and the corresponding SRS signal disappeared, indicating that the HB of water was weakened, which originated from the self-association of acetone. In the meantime, the fully tetrahedral HB structure among water molecules was destroyed at the higher volume fraction (≥ 0.8). Hopefully, our study here would advance the study of HB network structures and kinetics in other aqueous solutions.
Demonstration of 74.7 Gbit/s 4096QAM OFDM E-band Wireless Delivery over 700 m Employing Advanced DSP
Authors: Zhao Li , Sang Bohan , Shi Junting , Tan Yuxuan , Wang Kaihui , Ding Junjie , Wang Yanyi , Zhou Wen , Yu Jianjun
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a transmission of 74.7 Gbit/s 4096QAM OFDM signal at 73.5 and 83.5 GHz over 700m wireless distance using probabilistic shaping and Volterra nonlinearity compensation.
Role of Coherent System in the Next DCI Generation
Authors: Tauber D.
Published: April 2022

Coherent Transmission has been the standard for fiber optic transmission beyond 40 km for over a decade. We review its continuing role for DCI at 400 and 800 Gbps and higher rates.
Quantum communications with space encoding technique
Authors: Bacco Davide , Zahidy Mujtaba , Biagi Nicola , Cozzolino Daniele , Liu Yaoxin , Ding Yunhong , Morioka Toshio , Antonelli Cristian , Mecozzi Antonio , Zavatta Alessandro , Oxenløwe Leif K.
Published: April 2022

Quantum communications are a key enabler for multiple applications, from information theoretic communications to advanced remote quantum simulations. We here report our recent results on generation, transmission and detection of space encoded quantum states multicore.
200µm Diameter Fiber for SDM Submarine Networks: Cabling Performance and Record Transmission Result
Authors: Inoue Takanori , Nakamura Kohei , Matsuo Yuushi , Yaman Fatih , Makovejs Sergejs , Prater Jennifer T. , Aquino Juan Carlos , Masuda Daishi , Inada Yoshihisa , Mateo Eduardo
Published: April 2022

200µm-diameter fiber is analyzed for SDM systems where capacity is approaching fiber density limitations in standard cable designs. This fiber is fully characterized over a 15000km+ transmission line. This represents, to our knowledge, the first ever ultra-long-haul transmission with 200µm large effective-area fiber.
Agile Subsea Networks
Authors: Garrett Lara D.
Published: April 2022

Approaches to configurable optical routing including fiber switching and WSS spectrum routing have become ubiquitous in undersea transmission systems. These agile architectures must be reconsidered as the fiber pair count, fiber technology and branching node complexity of those systems continues to grow.
WDM-Conscious Synaptic Receptor Assisted by SOA+EAM
Authors: Stephanie Margareta V. , Waltl Michael , Grasser Tibor , Schrenk Bernhard
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous weighing and summation of two 23-nm spaced, frequency-coded spike trains with 100-ps spike width. Operation of the synaptic receptor at low BER is confirmed at 10 Gb/s information rate.
Experimental demonstration of an extreme learning machine based on Fabry Perot lasers for parallel neuromorphic processing
Authors: Sarantoglou George , Sozos Kostas , Kamalakis Thomas , Mesaritakis Charis , Bogris Adonis
Published: April 2022

We present experimental results regarding dispersion equalization in IM-DD transmission systems with an extreme learning machine based on a Fabry Perot laser. The exploitation of two longitudinal modes yields enhanced computational power and processing speed.
Photonic Neuromorphic Computing: Architectures, Technologies, and Training Models
Authors: Moralis-Pegios Miltiadis , Totovic Angelina , Tsakyridis Apostolos , Giamougiannis George , Mourgias-Alexandris George , Dabos George , Passalis Nikolaos , Kirtas Manos , Tefas Anastasios , Pleros Nikos
Published: April 2022

We summarize recent developments in neuromorphic photonics, including our work and the advances it brings beyond the state-of-the-art demonstrators in terms of architectures, technologies, and training models for a synergistic hardware/software codesign approach.
4-Dimensional IQ Characteristic Estimation for Polarization-multiplexed Coherent Transceivers
Authors: Kawai Akira , Nakamura Masanori , Kobayashi Takayuki , Miyamoto Yutaka
Published: April 2022

We developed an estimation method that enables frequency-resolved 4-Dimensional (4D) IQ impairment characterization of polarization-multiplexed transceivers in the presence of arbitrary crosstalk across four IQ lanes. We demonstrated the method with 96-Gbaud 16QAM signals.
Optical polarization-based sensing and localization of submarine earthquakes
Authors: Castellanos Jorge C. , Zhan Zhongwen , Kamalov Valey , Cantono Mattia , Yin Shuang , Mecozzi Antonio , Bhattacharya Shirshendu , Allen Richard M
Published: April 2022

Optical polarization-based sensing is applied to multiple submarine cables around the world. Earthquakes are detected by their shear waves at the closest fiber section. Synchronized detection on multiple cables enables potential localization of major earthquakes.
Mitigation of Transmitter Impairment with 4×2 WL MIMO Equalizer Embedding Preliminary CPR
Authors: Sato Masaki , Arikawa Manabu , Noguchi Hidemi , Matsui Junichiro , Abe Jun’ichi , Le Taillandier de Gabory Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Transmitter impairment mitigation for 58-GBaud PM-64QAM with 4×2 WL MIMO embedding preliminary CPR was demonstrated over 100 km SSMF. Q-penalties of 0.1 dB with 14 ps IQ skew and 10 degree phase error were achieved.
800 Gbps Fully Integrated Silicon Photonics Transmitter for Data Center Applications
Authors: Yu Haijiang , Patel David , Liu Wei , Malinge Yann , Doussiere Pierre , Lin Wenhua , Gupta Sanjeev , Narayanan Karthik , Hoshino Isako , Bresnehan Michael , Sunkoju Sravan , Mantegazza Davide , Herrick Robert , Venables Ranju , Mahalingam Hari , Seddighian Pegah , Fuerst Avi , Davis Jordan , Gold David , Pan Xing , Al-hemyari Kadhair , Agrawal Ankur , Li Yi , Zheng Xueyan , Geethachar Mala , Favaro Michael , Zhu Daniel , Liu Ansheng , Akulova Yuliya
Published: April 2022

A fully integrated 800 Gbps PAM-4 2×FR4 and DR8 silicon photonics transmitter with eight heterogeneously integrated DFB lasers is demonstrated for data center applications over a temperature range of 0~70°C and a reach of up to 2 km.
Low-Loss Wafer-Bonded Silicon Photonic MEMS Switches
Authors: Honardoost Amirmahdi , Henriksson Johannes , Kwon Kyungmok , Luo Jianheng , Wu Ming C.
Published: April 2022

We report on 32x32 silicon photonic switches realized through wafer bonding. Broadband operation is demonstrated over 1260-1320 nm range. The maximum on-chip loss is measured to be 4 dB and the cross-talk is -80 dB.
Photonic Tensor Core with Photonic Compute-in-Memory
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , Meng Jiawei , Peserico Nicola , Miscuglio Mario , Zhang Yifei , Hu Juejun , Sorger Volker J.
Published: April 2022

Here we demonstrate a photonic tensor core based on a silicon photonics dot-product engine. Utilizing compact electronic phase-change-material based photonic memory and WDM we show the highest throughput density to date of 3.8 MAC/s/mm2.
112-Gb/s PAM-4 IM/DD Optical Transmission over 100-km Single Mode Fiber with Linear Equalizer
Authors: Hu Shaohua , Zhang Jing , Tang Jianming , Liu Qun , Jin Wei , Zhong Zhuqiang , Giddings Roger , Zhou Jiahao , Jin Taowei , Zhao Xue , Xu Bo , Gao Xiang , Qiu Kun
Published: April 2022

We propose a hybrid linearization algorithm combining the multi-constraint iteration and linear equalization. We experimentally demonstrate a 112-Gb/s PAM-4 signal transmission over 100-km SSMF in IM/DD optical transmission system with one single-ended photodiode.
Slice-Less Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement (OAWM) in a Bandwidth of More Than 600 GHz
Authors: Drayss Daniel , Fang Dengyang , Füllner Christoph , Likhachev Grigorii , Henauer Thomas , Chen Yung , Peng Huanfa , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Zwick Thomas , Freude Wolfgang , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Randel Sebastian , Koos Christian
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate an optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) technique that exploits optical frequency combs as multi-wavelength local oscillators (LO) and that does not require any optical slicing filters. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we achieve record-high bandwidths exceeding 600 GHz.
Frequency-Time-Division-Multiplexed Single-Pixel Imaging for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mikami Hideharu
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate high-speed single-pixel imaging by integrating frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing and applying the combined technique, namely frequency-time-division multiplexing (FTDM), to optical imaging. We employ the technique to obtain fluorescence images from biological cells.
Propagation Symmetry Enhanced Distortion Compensation by Optical Phase Conjugation via Step-Profiling Fiber Links
Authors: Pelusi Mark , Matsumoto Ryosuke , Inoue Takashi , Namiki Shu
Published: April 2022

Fiber spans tailored with stepwise approximate decreasing dispersion and increasing nonlinearity parameters demonstrate enhanced compensation of nonlinear signal distortion by optical phase conjugation. WDM-QAM signal simulations and experiment show gaining >1.2 dB Q
2
-factor and 5~6 dB power tolerance over non-profiled links.
A Bi-Directional Fiber-FSO-5G MMW/5G NR Sub-THz Converged System
Authors: Chang Poh-Suan , Liu Chen-Xuan , Lin Yan-Yu , Li Chung-Yi , Lu Hai-Han
Published: April 2022

A bi-directional fiber-FSO-5G wireless converged system with downlink 40-Gb/s/100-GHz 5G NR sub-THz, and uplink 10-Gb/s/28-GHz and 10-Gb/s/24-GHz 5G MMW signals is constructed. It develops a brilliant convergence for high-speed and long-reach transmission with qualified performance.
1060nm Single-mode Transverse Coupled Cavity VCSEL with Surface Relief Engineering for 80Gbps PAM4 Modulation
Authors: Hu Shanting , Gu Xiaodong , Ibrahim Hameeda R , Nakahama Masanori , Shinada Satoshi , Koyama Fumio
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 1060nm VCSELs with surface relief engineering, providing transverse-resonance in transverse-coupled cavity VCSELs, which enables single-mode operation and bandwidth enhancement. We obtained a large signal modulation of 54 Gbps NRZ and 80 Gbps PAM4.
Automatic Waveguide Balancing Using Point Set Operations
Authors: Lee Won Suk , Bian Yusheng , Weeks Thomas , Rakowski Michal , Afzal Francis O , Hirokawa Takako , Chowdhury Asif , Augur Rod , Lee Jae Gon , Martin Alexander , Giewont Ken
Published: April 2022

An algorithm based on point set operations is developed to solve the waveguide length-balancing problem in silicon photonics layout. The method is applicable to complex photonic circuits incorporating multiple waveguide levels (e.g. Si and SiN).