bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in Extreme Precipitation and Associated Impacts on Natural Disasters in Southeastern Brazil: a 1979-2023 Analysis
Authors: Mendes Monica Mendes , Muniz Linconl Alves
Published: September 2024

The knowledge of the distribution of precipitation and its extremes, both spatially and temporally, is important for planning various human activities such as agriculture, civil defence, energy production, and urban planning. Heavy precipitation events associated with climate change had become more frequent and pronounced in many regions of Brazil, culminating in significant environmental, social, and economic damage across the country. In this context, the main objective of this work was to identify the trends and behavior of intense precipitation events (above the 95th percentile) across all states in southeastern Brazil. Daily precipitation data, at grid points, were obtained from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for the period from 1979 to 2023. The results showed that the number of days above the 95th percentile exhibited a significant increase during the summer and spring months, particularly in the south and west of São Paulo and the north of Minas Gerais. In general, negative trends above the 95th percentile were observed over the east of São Paulo and the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, indicating that extreme rainfall was not constant over time. These results seemed contradictory when compared with the number of days above the 95th percentile, which varied between 150 and 300 days during the summer, autumn, and spring months, and around 400 days in the winter months. Therefore, it was concluded that intense precipitation was concentrated in a few days, separated by longer dry spells. By relating the patterns of rainfall trends above the 95th percentile and the number of days with records of landslides and floods, it was found that these disasters were located in areas of extreme rainfall or positive trends, especially during the summer and spring months. In general, persistent events were observed with more than two (three) consecutive days with rainfall above P95 over the states of MG and RJ (MG and SP). Finally, the periods with the highest number of days above the 95th percentile can could be related to the predominance of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and more frontal system activity.
Quantum Delocalization of a Levitated Nanoparticle
Authors: Novotny Lukas , Rossi Massimiliano , Militaru Andrei , Carlon-Zambon Nicolas , Riera-Campeny Andreau , Romero-Isart Oriol , Frimmer Martin
Published: September 2024

Every massive particle behaves like a wave, according to quantum physics. Yet, this characteristic wave nature has only been observed in double-slit experiments with microscopic systems, such as atoms and molecules [1, 2]. The key aspect is that the wavefunction describing the motion of these systems extends coherently over a distance comparable to the slit separation, much larger than the size of the system itself [3]. Preparing these states of more massive and complex objects remains an outstanding challenge. While the motion of solid-state oscillators can now be controlled at the level of single quanta, their coherence length remains comparable to the zero-point motion, limited to subatomic distances [4–7]. Here, we prepare a delocalized state of a levitating solid-state nanosphere with coherence length exceeding the zero-point motion. We first cool its motion to the ground state. Then, by modulating the stiffness of the confinement potential, we achieve more than a threefold increment of the initial coherence length with minimal added noise. Optical levitation gives us the necessary control over the confinement that other mechanical platforms lack. Our work is a stepping stone towards the generation of delocalization scales comparable to the object size, a crucial regime for macroscopic quantum experiments [8], and towards quantum-enhanced force sensing with levitated particles [9].
Statistical sedimentary aspects of collapsed volcanic edifices along subduction zones.
Authors: bernard karine
Published: September 2024

Using Google Earth imagery and published data on volcanoes worldwide, several examples of volcanic debris avalanche deposits have been compared to characterize the dynamics of mass flow and matrix transformation during climate change. Sedimentological studies of these deposits help to correlate the spatial and temporal distribution of collapsed edifices with the stratigraphy and textural variations of the matrix. Parameters such as percentage of matrix, mean grain size, ratio of matrix sand to gravel and other statistical sedimentary parameters have been calculated to characterize the matrix breccias in relation to the spatio-temporal variability of the mass flow deposits. Factors such as quaternary erosion, nival surface conditions and high intensity rainfall contribute to the transformation of the reworked avalanche deposits into debris flows. The sedimentary characteristics of volcanic debris avalanche deposits are influenced by the profile shape, volcanic area and slope gradient of the collapsed edifices, which are related to the critical stability and quaternary cyclic evolution of the stratovolcanoes. Empirical equations have been developed to propose a co-genetic evolution of avalanche deposits in terms of their spatio-temporal distribution, morphological variations of the collapsed edifices, and climatic changes. Similar correlations between quaternary occurrence, matrix percentage, matrix/gravel ratio, and median grain size show a positive association with the obliquity of the Earth's axis and the precession of the equinoxes. These results highlight the importance of semi-quantitative sedimentological analyses of deposits from collapsed volcanic edifices in refining our understanding of subsequent hazardous flows associated with climate change.
Research on Automotive Radar Mutual Interference Mitigation Method based on V2X Communication Assistance
Authors: Gao yangshui , kui Liping , Yang Qinbiao , Xiong Lei , Zhang Rong , Chen Zhenting
Published: September 2024

The integration of automotive radar communication is the future development trend and will be installed on more and more vehicles, which will cause serious interference to radar detection and communication, seriously affecting the detection accuracy of radar and communication reliability. This article analyzes the interference models between radar and radar, radar and communication, and communication and communication. To improve the anti-interference ability of the network, the interference is transformed into a signal-to-noise ratio optimization model constrained by resources and power. Use reinforcement learning algorithms to find the optimal solution to minimize system interference. We use the vehicle position, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio of radar and communication, as the state and action space, and the total throughput increment serves as the reward function for Q-learning, and obtain the optimal joint optimization strategy through training. The evaluation results indicate that compared with existing schemes, the proposed algorithm can more effectively reduce radar and communication interference, thereby improving radar detection accuracy and communication throughput.
Explainable AI for Energy Prediction and Anomaly Detection in Solar Energy Systems
Authors: Sriniva Krupa , Shinde Sakshi Chandrakant , Acharya Prachi , Roy Sritama
Published: September 2024

The integration of solar energy systems into power grids is gaining momentum globally, promising sustainable and renewable energy solutions. However, the intermittent and dynamic nature of solar energy poses challenges for its efficient utilization and management. In response, this research investigates the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for enhancing the prediction accuracy and anomaly detection in solar energy systems. By leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms and interpretable models, this study aims to provide insights into the underlying factors influencing solar energy generation, thus enabling better decision-making and optimization strategies. In order to make machine learning models more understandable, approaches such as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have been developed. The understanding and confidence that are ingrained in the output of machine learning algorithms is what makes XAI significant. In order to forecast Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), the current work constructs a thorough XAI model and evaluates the effectiveness of several learning algorithms using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R^2) coefficient of determination, the number of iterations, and execution time. The proposed framework holds significant potential to improve the reliability, efficiency, and performance of solar energy systems, contributing to the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure.
Evaluation of ecological restoration effectiveness of Zoige grassland wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Xianhua YANG , hui WEN , lv ZHANG , yu WANG , rubing HAN , mengyao ZHANG
Published: September 2024

In order to scientifically demonstrate the progress and effectiveness of ecological restoration in the Zoige grassland wetland, and to guide the standardized implementation, supervision, and management of ecological restoration projects in local or similar areas, this study selected multi-source remote sensing data from 2021 before ecological restoration and governance, and from 2023 during ecological restoration and governance. This enabled the accurate acquisition of the status quo and change information of ecological restoration, and the scientific construction of a monitoring index system and effectiveness evaluation model. The study focused on monitoring and evaluating the stage restoration effect, yielding the following results: (1) Utilizing multi-source remote sensing techniques including high-resolution satellite imagery, multi-spectral remote sensing, and 3D modeling, a scientifically constructed monitoring index system and evaluation model comprehensively, accurately, and chronologically obtained progress and effectiveness information of ecological restoration projects. (2) The area with a significant and good ecological restoration and management effect accounted for 9%, mainly located in the Heihe River basin, Hongyuan County, Baihe River basin, and Dadu River basin of Aba County. These areas showed significant improvements in water conservation, vegetation coverage, and a reduction in ecological and environmental problems such as land desertification and soil erosion. (3) The Zoige grassland wetland ecological restoration project has not been fully completed. The next steps include continuing to optimize the monitoring index system and evaluation model, and conducting further monitoring and evaluation research on the effectiveness of ecological restoration.
Estimation of Electromagnetically Controlled Ionizing Radiation Therapy Effectiveness based on Probabilistic Modelling
Authors: Lal Radhey , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Nishad D. K. , Khalid Saifullah
Published: September 2024

Background
Various radiobiological models aim to estimate crucial tumor cell-killing effects for radiotherapy and radiation risk assessment, each with unique applications. This paper presents a specific probabilistic model for predicting tumor control probability (TCP) and introduces a user-friendly standalone simulation app tailored for this purpose.
Methods
A pragmatic probabilistic model is suggested for estimating tumor control probability (TCP) by incorporating a fractionated treatment approach. Within this model, ionizing radiation induces the formation of killed cells (KC), sublethally damaged cells (SLDC), and undamaged cells (UDC), the impact of which is contingent upon the radiosensitivity of cells. This triad of cell types can be influenced by radiation during subsequent fractions, providing a nuanced understanding of the treatment dynamics.
Results
A MATLAB app has been developed for a tumor control probability simulator. This simulator employs probabilistic modeling to describe radiation biological effects in a tumor subjected to homogeneous irradiation with a specified dose per fraction in a fractionated treatment. Key input parameters for the simulation include a cell radiosensitivity of 1.2, radiosensitivity of cell sub-lethal damage at 3, tumor cell volume of 1 cubic cm, tumor cell density of \(\:0.1\times\:{10}^{7}\), 30 virtual simulations, and 40 fractional radiation doses. Post-simulation, the resulting tumor control probability is determined to be 86.7%.
Conclusion
The study's simulator is a crucial tool for modeling radiation-induced biological effects in fractionated irradiation of tumors. Its use of probabilistic foundations generates hypotheses and assesses the efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy, holding promise for enhancing the safety and effectiveness of cancer treatment.
A Transparent Blockchain Based Mechanism for contributors of Archaeological Artifacts
Authors: Aziz Omer , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Khelifi Adel
Published: September 2024

In cultural heritage, archaeological artifact preservation is paramount, underscoring the importance of safeguarding history. The sub-domain of volunteer incentivization in open-source software for archaeological photogrammetry software (OSSAP) is vital for fostering effective volunteer engagement and rewards. Yet, OSSAP's lack of a structured reward system and financial limitations in archaeology impede proper volunteer compensation. Our introduction of the Trust-Based Blockchain Model for Contribution (TBBMC) addresses these gaps by providing ethical and efficient incentives. TBBMC utilizes cryptocurrency wallets and an economic model for better auditability and safety, while Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and Contribution Rewards (CR) facilitate financial transactions and fundraising. Smart contracts enhance operational efficiency and transparency, improving communication, coordination, and trust in archaeological volunteering. Finally, TBBMC's innovative reward system not only motivates volunteers but also bolsters the ongoing preservation and discovery of archaeological artifacts.
WITHDRAWN: A Multi-Task Allocation Framework for Mobile Crowdsensing: Leveraging Mobility Prediction for Enhanced Task Distribution
Authors: Xu Jiantao , Xu Jianbo
Published: September 2024

This paper explores Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) within smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on enhancing data collection efficiency and quality in smart cities, intelligent transportation, and environmental monitoring. Addressing the challenges of uneven task distribution, low participant engagement, and subpar data quality in MCS, we propose a novel multi-task allocation scheme that leverages mobility prediction to optimize task allocation. By forecasting participants' movements, our optimization model aims to balance task completion rate, coverage, execution time, and worker distribution, thereby improving task allocation rationality and participant engagement. Our contribution lies in a novel task allocation mechanism that not only tackles current issues but also integrates mobility prediction, enhancing MCS data collection efficiency and quality. This work offers new insights into MCS system design and practical solutions for smart city and environmental monitoring applications, advancing MCS technology application.
The experiences of childhood leukemia survivors in returning to school: An in-depth qualitative study
Authors: Ou Yunxia , Yang Yan , Zhang Chunmei
Published: September 2024

Purpose
To explore and describe the experiences of childhood leukemia survivors in the transition from home to school following cancer treatment.
Methods
Study participants include 16 survivors who visited a hospital for follow-up care following treatment for leukemia at a university hospital in Wenzhou. We conducted an in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 participants. The interview data were analyzed according to the thematic analysis method.
Results
We extracted 5 themes from the interviews: (a) Being on the right track to school, (b) Perceived personal happiness, (c) Discovering the gap with others, (d) Feelings of being excessive care, and (e) Concerns about returning to school. Five main themes suggest that the return to school hallmarked the beginning of a new life and the experience of a new environment. Participants reported having different feelings after returning to school. On the one hand, personal happiness is enhanced, and on the other hand, individuals need to face up to the practical problems encountered in school.
Conclusions
Childhood leukemia survivors can seek self-worth and identity after returning to school, but also face friendship, learning and physical difficulties. Medical staff should pay more attention to this group and give them enough support to better adapt to campus life.
Evaluation of available energy value and digestive metabolism in dairy goats: A comparative study of grain types and processing methods
Authors: Su Xiaodong , Zhang Lei , Sun Yiyang , Wu Yanbo , Ren Jianrong , Wu Shengru , Lei Xinjian , Zhang Jun , Wang Dangdang , Ren Hao , Yao Junhu
Published: September 2024

Background
The diverse types and processing methods of grains intricately influence the sites and digestibility of starch digestion, thereby impacting energy utilization. This study aimed to explore the impact of grain variety and processing methods on the net energy (NE) in dairy goats, analyzing these effects at the level of nutrient digestion and metabolism.
Methods
Eighteen castrated Guanzhong dairy goats (44.25 ± 3.59 kg BW) were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of six replicates. The substitution method was employed to determine the net energy (NE) values of the dry-rolled corn (DRC), dry-rolled wheat (DRW) or steam-flaked corn (SFC, 360 g/L). Briefly, two phases were performed. Throughout the basal phase, all goats were fed the same basal diet. In the substitution phase, 30% of the basal diet was replaced with DRC, DRW and SFC, respectively.
Results
The NE values of the DRC, DRW and SFC were 7.65, 7.54 and 7.44 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Compared to the DRC group, the DRW group showed increased digestibility of starch and crude protein (CP). Similarly, the SFC group exhibited increased organic matter (OM) and starch digestibility and a trend towards higher dry matter (DM) digestibility, reduced fecal OM and starch content. Additionally, fecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations decreased in goats fed SFC. Correspondingly, digestible energy (DE) in the DRW and SFC groups tended to be higher than in the DRC group. DRW increased total VFA concentration compared to DRC, while SFC increased the proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio in the rumen. Both the DRW and SFC diets elevated serum glucose levels. Furthermore, heat increment (HI) and GasE (gas energy) related to fermentation were significantly higher in the DRW and SFC groups compared to the DRC group.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that DRW and SFC increased rumen starch fermentation in goats, thereby improving total tract starch digestion and DE. However, DRW and SFC failed to improve NE value due to increased heat and gas energy production from fermentation. Therefore, for dairy goats, excessively refined processing of grains in the diet does not effectively improve energy efficiency.
Plant-parasitic nematodes on hemp in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Authors: Núñez-Rodríguez Lester A , Rivedal Hannah , Ocamb Cynthia M , Gent David H , Zasada Inga A
Published: September 2024

Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most important biotic factors that impact crop production globally. Since hemp cultivation in the U.S. was banned from 1970 to 2018, little information is available about current plant-parasitic nematode pressure on U.S. hemp production. The production of hemp has gained interest in Washington and Oregon, states where several genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been associated with various crops. This report is the first to define plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hemp in these states in the Pacific Northwest.
Methods Soil and root samples from hemp fields were collected in early autumn in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The occurrence, population density, and identity of plant-parasitic nematodes in these samples were determined using morphological and molecular identification methods. A Bayesian analysis of available sequence data was used to analyze phylogenetic relationships of nematode species found in hemp fields. Additionally, the host status of hemp ‘Alpha Explorer’ to three plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi,M. hapla, and Pratylenchus neglectus, was tested under greenhouse conditions. The occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes and reproduction factor values of the three nematode species were analyzed with non-parametric methods.
Results Pratylenchus spp. were the most frequent plant-parasitic nematodes recovered from soil samples, being present in 64 % of samples (n = 89). Only two endoparasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., were found in root samples with Pratylenchus spp. as the most frequent (30 out of 37 samples). A large diversity of Pratylenchus spp. was detected in hemp root samples. Hemp ‘Alpha Explorer’ was a poor host for Pratylenchus neglectus, resulting in low reproduction values (< 1). Additionally, results of our study indicated that hemp is not a host for Meloidogyne chitwoodi.
Conclusions Pratylenchus spp. are the most important plant-parasitic nematodes found in hemp fields in Oregon and Washington. This study reports for the first time, five Pratylenchus species (Pratylenchus crenatus, P. fallax, P. hexincisus, P. neglectus, and P. scribneri) associated with hemp in Oregon and Washington; P. penetrans was also found in the region on hemp plants. The host status results indicate that hemp can be considered a non-host for M. chitwoodi and a poor host for M. hapla and P. neglectus.
Exploring Parental Factors Influencing Low BirthWeight on the 2022 CDC Natality Dataset
Authors: Dola Sumaiya Sultana , Valderrama Camilo E.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: Low birth weight (LBW), known as the condition of a newborn weighing less than 2500 g, is a growing concern in the United States (US). Previous studies have identified some factors contributing to this issue. However, these studies have primarily focused on individual factors rather than examining the correlations between multiple factors. Additionally, much of the research has concentrated on maternal health, demographics, and socioeconomic factors, often overlooking potential influences from father-related factors such as paternal age, educational level, and ethnicity. Moreover, many of these studies have been limited to local populations, which may not represent the entire US population. To address these limitations, this study employs a machine learning approach to analyze the 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Natality Dataset, identifying the most significant factors contributing to LBW across the US.
Methods: Relevant variables such as anthropometric, socioeconomic, maternal, and paternal factors from the dataset were used to train logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and an attention mechanism model to predict normal and LBW newborns. The predictive models were interpretable through odds ratio, feature importance, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), revealing the factors contributing most to LBW.
Results: Our approach predicted normal birth weight and LBW newborns with an accuracy of 70%, 73%, 74%, and 59.5% for the logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and an attention mechanism model, respectively. The models indicated that both maternal and paternal factors influence birth weights. Among these factors, ethnicity, age, and education level were the most common among parents. Additionally, maternal characteristics, like height, BMI, pre-pregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy, were significant in determining birth weights.
Conclusion: Our findings provide insights to support pregnancy guidelines. Specifically, parents should prioritize early and regular prenatal consultations, proper nutrition, and avoiding smoking. This should be a priority, particularly for vulnerable populations in which LBW is a high burden. Moreover, the significant influence of ethnicity and maternal height on LBW suggests the need to reconsider the 2500-gram cut-off established by the World Health Organization to account for the differences in parent height across ethnicities.
An adaptive Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Program Enables Basal Epithelial Cells to Bypass Stress-Induced Stasis and Contributes to Metaplastic Breast Cancer Progenitor State
Authors: Caruso Joseph A. , Tlsty Thea D.
Published: September 2024

Background: Human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) cultures encounter a stress-associated barrier termed stasis, during which most cells adopt a senescence-like phenotype. From these cultures, rare variants emerge from the basal epithelial population, re-initiating growth. Variants exhibit pre-malignant properties, including an aberrant epigenetic program that enables continued proliferation and acquisition of genetic changes. Following oncogenic transformation, variants produce tumors that recapitulate the histopathological characteristics of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), a rare subtype characterized by squamous and mesenchymal differentiation.
Methods: Using the conventional serum-free HMEC culture system, we probed the capacity for phenotypic plasticity inherent to basal epithelial cell populations from human breast tissue as they navigated stasis and emerged as variant populations.
Results: We observed robust activation of a TGF-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in basal epithelial cells during stasis, followed by subsequent attenuation of this program in emerging variants. Inhibiting the TGF-β pathway or depleting the EMT regulators Snail or Slug allowed basal epithelial cells to collectively bypass stasis, demonstrating that cellular dysfunction and arrest resulting from TGF-β and EMT activation are central to this in vitro barrier. The spontaneous emergence of variants from stasis cultures was associated with a restricted EMT trajectory, which diverted cells away from a complete mesenchymal state characterized by irreversible growth arrest, and instead limited variants to epithelial and intermediate EMT states associated with greater proliferative capacity and stemness. Epigenetic mechanisms, which contributed to the dysregulated growth control characteristic of the variant phenotype, also contributed to the constrained EMT program in variants. By overcoming the cellular dysfunction and growth arrest resulting from TGF-β and EMT activation, variants exhibited increased oncogenic transformation efficiency compared to pre-stasis basal epithelial cells. Inhibiting the TGF-β pathway prior to stasis significantly reduced EMT in the basal epithelial population, alleviated selective pressure driving variant emergence, and enhanced oncogenic transformation efficiency, resulting in tumors with markedly diminished metaplastic differentiation.
Conclusions: This study reveals how adaptive EMT reprogramming governs basal epithelial cell fate decisions and contributes to the development of MBC progenitors by restricting access to terminal mesenchymal states that induce growth arrest and, instead, favoring intermediate states with enhanced tumorigenic potential.
Multi-objective optimization of glazing and shading configurations for visual, thermal, and energy performance of cooling dominant climatic regions of India
Authors: Chaturvedi Pushpendra Kr. , Kumar Nand , Lamba Ravita , Mehta Kedar
Published: September 2024

Climate adaptive passive design features such as glazing and shading configurations, often exhibit conflicting behaviour to maintaining indoor visual and thermal environment while minimizing energy consumption. This study employed the MOO approach through SPEA-II and HypE algorithms to find the efficient glazing and shading configurations in four cooling dominant climatic zones of India such as hot and dry, composite, warm and humid, and temperate. A residential building situated in Jaipur city (India) was chosen for the analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the optimization process. Twenty-six design variables including wall window ratio, louvers depth, louvers count, fin depth and fins count of each orientation, window height, sill height, glazing U-value, solar heat gain coefficient, and visual light transmittance were imported into the Octopus to investigate their interactive impact on the Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), Thermal Discomfort Percentage (TDP) and Energy Use Intensity (EUI). The optimized trade-off solutions represented a considerable improvement; UDI increased by 24.61%, 21.90%, 14.91% & 26.41%, and TDP reduced by 10.38%, 1.5%, 13.95%, & 17.68%, and EUI decreased by 10.10%, 1.9%, 15.82%, & 19.19% compared to initially generated solutions for Ahmedabad, Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore cities respectively. Finally, the Bayesian machine learning technique has been used for sensitivity analysis to identify the correlation between the design variables and performance objectives. The outcomes of this research can help architects in selecting optimal glazing and shading features for both new building design and retrofitting of existing buildings in the tropical climatic conditions of India.
Sea urchin-like sulfur-doped Ni(OH)2 as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Fang , Ge Jin-Long , Zhu Yujun , Jiao Yuhong , Wu Zhong , Feng Chao , Zhao Yupei , Li Qiu
Published: September 2024

The development of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is remarkably desirable but challenging. Herein, we design and fabricate a sea urchin-like S-doped Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal method, followed by treatment with Na2S solution. The introduction of S not only modulates the electronic structure of Ni(OH)2, but also improve the electronic conductivity, thus enhancing the OER performance of Ni(OH)2. Owing to the free-standing feature, modified electronic structure and sea urchin-like structure, the optimized S-Ni(OH)2-30 min delivered excellent OER performance with overpotentials of 306 and 392 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm− 2, respectively, Tafel slope of 89.2 mV dec− 1 and stability for 12 h at 20 mA cm− 2. This work demonstrates the importance of incorporating S in Ni(OH)2 to optimize the electronic structure for improving OER activity and provides a promising pathway to synthesize Ni(OH)2-based electrocatalysts.
Genome-wide characterization of Solanum tuberosum UGT gene family and functional analysis of StUGT178 in salt tolerance
Authors: Ma Yu , Song Jiafeng , Sheng Suao , Wang Daijuan , Wang Tongtong , Wang Nan , Chen Airu , Wang Lixia , Peng Yaxuan , Lv Zhaoyan , Zhu Xiaobiao , Hou Hualan
Published: September 2024

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) widely exists in plants and plays an essential role in catalyzing the glycosylation reaction associated with metabolic processes. UGT gene family have been identified in many species to date. However, the comprehensive identification and systematic analysis has not been documented yet in the latest potato genome. In this study, a total of 295 UGT members (StUGT) were identified and unevenly distributed on twelve chromosomes in potato. All StUGT genes were classified into 17 groups (A-P, R) and the UGT genes within same groups have similar structural characterization. Tandem duplication was the major driving force for the StUGT gene expansion. The prediction of cis-acting elements showed that development process, light, phytohormone, and abiotic stress responsive elements generally existed in StUGT promoter regions. Analysis of spatial and temporal expression pattern demonstrated that StUGT genes were widely and differentially expressed in various tissues. Additionally, to investigate the salt stress response genes, we analyzed the expression profiles of StUGT genes under salt treatment. A total of 50 and 20 StUGT genes were continuously up- and down-regulated, respectively, implicating that these genes involved in the regulation of salt resistance. The heterologous expression of StUGT178 promoter and protein in Arabidopsis further demonstrated that StUGT178 gene significantly response to salt treatment, and enhanced salinity resistance by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and H2O2 accumulation. These results provide comprehensive information for better understanding StUGT genes, and offer a foundation for uncovering their function associated with salt stress in potato.
Catalyzing Change: Assessing Inner Setting Context of Cervical Cancer Prevention Efforts in Loreto, Peru, Prior to Transition from VIA to HPV Screen-and-Treat
Authors: Nussbaum Lauren , Brown Joanna , Meza-Sánchez Graciela , Soto Sandra , Jurczuk Magdalena , Vásquez Javier Vásquez , Grandez Henrry Daza , Jara Lita E. Carrillo , Liñán Renso López , Gravitt Patti E. , Paz‑Soldán Valerie A.
Published: September 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to understand health care providers’ perspectives regarding the facilitators of and barriers to the success of the former Pap and VIA-based cervical cancer program in Iquitos, Peru, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to inform the transition to the HPV screen-and-treat intervention. By exploring the pre-implementation organizational context, or inner setting, through the opinions of those who would implement the HPV-based intervention at the patient care level, this research lays the foundation to assess readiness before implementation and understand what’s necessary to design contextually appropriate and sustainable interventions in LMIC settings.
Methods: We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews with health professionals (12 nurse-midwives, 4 doctors, and 3 laboratory technicians) who administered the former Pap- and VIA-based cervical cancer EDT program.
Results: Providers identified information gaps between the primary level of care, where cervical cancer screening occurs, and the hospital level of care, where diagnosis and treatment occurs. These gaps, which were caused in part by fragmented, antiquated, and overlapping data systems, resulted in the loss of patients between levels of care. Participants also noted a lack of trained personnel and basic materials. Some providers found their way around these gaps by facilitating informal information exchanges among providers to ensure women were not lost to follow-up.
Conclusions: PPC relied on these findings and other data from INSPIRE Phase 1 to implement a HPV-based screen-and-treat program that dramatically increased screening and treatment; however, challenges remain regarding resources and sustainability related to HPV technology.
A community-oriented, data-driven resource to improve protocol design for cardiac modelling from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Palpant Nathan , Cao Yuanzhao , Shim Woo Jun , Hudson James , Bao Shaine Chenxin , Negi Sumedha , Fang Chen , Chow Chris Siu Yeung
Published: September 2024

Protocols for culturing cardiac cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are critical for studying mechanisms of development and disease. This study provides data-driven analysis of a community-oriented database to assess parameters used in published cardiac differentiation protocols, including a web-accessible portal for user-guided customization of protocols. Validation studies support context-dependent roles for media composition in deriving functional maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
Undoing of firing rate adaptation enables invariant population codes.
Authors: Brandão Sofia , Ramirez Luisa , Walter Alexander , Silies Marion , Martelli Carlotta
Published: September 2024

Adaptation often implements an efficient coding strategy to align neuron sensitivity to relevant stimuli. However, when sensory information is encoded in populations of neurons, adaptation of individual units could deteriorate stimulus information relevant for behavior. One prominent example is the encoding of olfactory information, which occurs at the population level. We show that if individual ORNs were to adapt following an efficient coding principle, contrast information would be lost at the population level, impairing the detection of ON and OFF stimuli. Surprisingly, adaptation of ORN firing responses is compensated at the axon terminal, where calcium transients are kept background-invariant by inhibitory feedback. We demonstrate that achieving this invariance across different background conditions requires an adaptation strategy that shifts response amplitude, rather than sensitivity as predicted by the efficient coding principle. This background invariance is passed on to second-order olfactory neurons, through facilitation of vesicle release that involves modulation of Unc13 proteins. We conclude that synaptic and circuit computations compensate peripheral firing rate adaptation, enhancing the separation of ON and OFF contrasts, while preserving the identity of ON stimuli in population codes. Our findings identify a strategy that allows neural circuits to minimize the cost of information transmission while preserving information content.
Swallow Strength and Skill Training with Biofeedback in Acute Post Stroke Dysphagia (ssSIP): Protocol paper.
Authors: Benfield Jacqueline K , Woods Kirsten , Woodhouse Lisa , Roadevin Cristina , James Marilyn , Bath Philip M , England Timothy J , Radford Kate , Steele Catriona
Published: September 2024

Background
Post stroke dysphagia is common and has negative consequences on health and wellbeing. Collectively behavioural interventions including swallow strength and skill training with biofeedback improve dysphagia, but little is known about which interventions are most effective and at what dose. Early intensive intervention may be most beneficial for motor recovery, but it is unclear whether dysphagia therapy such as this is feasible to deliver in the inpatient acute stage.
Aim
To understand the feasibility of clinical teams delivering swallow strength and skill training with biofeedback in acute inpatient stroke and explore which dose may result in better outcomes.
Methods
120 participants from inpatient stroke units in the UK will be recruited in this multicentre prospective randomised controlled feasibility trial. If eligible they will be randomised to either usual care, low intensity therapy or high intensity therapy groups. In addition to usual care, treatment groups will receive 10–20 x 35-minute sessions of swallow strength and skill training with surface electromyographic biofeedback over two weeks. The primary outcome is feasibility measured by recruitment and treatment fidelity. Secondary outcomes will explore treatment effects and dose of the intervention on swallowing, clinical, quality of life and health economic outcomes. Embedded qualitative process evaluation of intervention delivery (fidelity, barriers and enablers), clinical staff training and trial procedures informed by the Conceptual Framework for Intervention Fidelity (CFIF) and Conceptual Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Criteria have been outlined for progression to a definitive study.
Discussion
This trial will inform the feasibility of a definitive study to determine the effectiveness of optimal of dose swallow strength and skill training with surface electromyographic biofeedback on severity of dysphagia three months post stroke. The process evaluation will inform refinements to intervention, training and trial procedures to ensure effective delivery.
Trial registration
Registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT05744245, Date of release 20/12/2022
Inclusive Fitness-A Scientific Exploration of Wellness for Both Ables and Enables
Authors: Kaur Jasveen
Published: September 2024

The GoBhangra Workout is a culturally adaptive exercise program that combines traditional Punjabi Bhangra and Bollywood dance with tailored adaptive movements, thereby enhancing health outcomes for individuals with diverse abilities. This study examines initiatives pertaining to inclusive fitness, focusing on their physical and psychological health advantages, impediments to participation, and the influence of cultural components such as the GoBhangra Workout. The study employs a mixed-methods methodology, integrating a systematic literature review with an in-depth qualitative case study analysis to examine the effects, barriers, and facilitators associated with inclusive fitness programs. The systematic review elucidated trends and quantified health outcomes pertinent to inclusive exercise programs published from 2015 to 2023. Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data to identify key themes related to the physical and mental health impacts, as well as social and cultural benefits, of inclusive fitness. The qualitative analysis focused on the case study, derived from 15 semi-structured interviews. The quantitative analysis highlighted substantial advancements in both physical and mentally health outcomes that are associated with inclusion fitness programs, highlighting significant improvements in both health outcomes. The results of this study provide evidence-based recommendations for the expansion of these initiatives.
DAYANIŞMA AİDATI ÖDEYEREK TOPLU İŞ SÖZLEŞMESİNDEN YARARLANMA(ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ’NİN İPTAL KARARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ)
Authors: Bal Gizem
Published: September 2024

Toplu iş sözleşmesine taraf olan işçi sendikasının üyesi olmaksızın dayanışma aidatı ödeyerek yararlanma, iş hukukunda önemli bir sorundur. Bu sorunun ana kaynağı ise, kolektif sendika özgürlüğü ile negatif sendika özgürlüğünün kesişmesidir. 6356 sayılı Kanunu’nun “Toplu İş Sözleşmesinden Yararlanma” başlıklı madde 39. fıkra 4’teki düzenleme; “…Dayanışma aidatı ödemek suretiyle toplu iş sözleşmesinden yararlanma, talep tarihinden geçerlidir. İmza tarihinden önceki talepler imza tarihi itibarıyla hüküm doğurur.” şeklinde iken bu hükümdeki “...İmza tarihinden önceki talepler imza tarihi itibarıyla hüküm doğurur.” cümlesi Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin 30.12.2020 tarih, 2020/57 E., 2020/83 K. Sayılı kararıyla iptal edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin iptal kararı sonrasında dayanışma aidatına ilişkin uygulamada ortaya çıkan birtakım sorunlar incelenecektir.
LIMNOLOGY OF RIVER JHELUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENTOMOFAUNAL DIVERSITY AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan., Sarwar Sumiya , Shrivastava Purnima ,   Dean Research, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan., Farooq Mir Mohammad ,   Hydrobiology Research Laboratory, S. P College, Cluster University, Srinagar.
Published: September 2024

The current study was undertaken to investigate the Entomofaunal diversity and physico-chemical features of River Jhelum in Kashmir valley. Entomofauna was collected by using a handmade D-frame net, while as physico-chemical analysis of water was conducted according the standardmethods of the APHA (2004). A total of 17 insect taxa were recorded, whichbelong to 7 orders and 13 families. The average population density of entomofauna was estimated 457 ind./m2 with order Diptera as most dominant group. Physico-chemical analysis of River waters revealed alkaline, and had hard water nature of River waters. The upper courses of River Jhelum witnessed higher Entomofaunal diversity due to less anthropogenic stress as compared to middle courses, which face higher anthropogenic stress.
UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF THE FECAL MICROBIAL TRANSPLANT IN COLO-RECTAL CANCER: INSIGHTS INTO TREATMENT AS AN ADJUVANT - A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   M.B.B.S, S.V.S Medical College, Mahabubnagar, India., Prasad Karuturi Sai , Reddi Rinita ,   M.B.B.S, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India., Lakshmi Sruthi Vellanki ,   M.B.B.S, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation,Vijayawada, India., Vamsy Polepalli Krishna ,   M.B.B.S, Raja Rajeswari Medical College, Bengaluru, India., Anees Sana Farha ,   M.B.B.S, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India., Dastagir Shaikh Juber ,   Prisma Health/ University of South Carolina, Columbia., Nimmagadda Rithish ,   M.B.B.S, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective: Fecal Microbial Transplantation (FMT) can be used as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The current literature review aimed to determine the effectiveness of FMT in improving treatment outcomes in CRC patients, particularly in conjunction with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, Radiation and immunotherapy. The underlying mechanisms by which FMT influences immune modulation and gut microbiota composition, thereby impacting CRC progression and treatment outcomes is also discussed. After examining the data, FMT as an adjuvant with conventional therapies has better outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Methodology: Using online search engines and databases like PubMed and Google scholar that were published between 2009 and 2024, the most relevant published research, including original papers, was assessed, and critically examined throughout the course of a scientific literature search. This article offers valuable insights into the various treatment options of colorectal cancer and implication of FMT as an adjuvant. Results: Clinical trials showed that combining FMT with chemotherapy improved treatment effectiveness in colorectal cancer. FMT was well-tolerated and enhanced chemotherapys effects. Another study highlighted FMTs potential in influencing gut microbiota, important in cancer development and treatment response. These findings suggest a growing interest in using FMT alongside other therapies for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: In comparison to treatment with traditional strategies alone, Fecal microbial transplantation, along with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation, improves the prognosis of colon cancer treatment.
Analyzing the effect of inward- vs. outward-looking activities on student loyalty in Japanese universities
Authors: Koizumi Masaki , Kato Takumi
Published: September 2024

The increasing global competitiveness of university admissions has propelled the need to understand the critical factors underlying students’ loyalty. Although extensive research has been conducted on student loyalty, it focuses predominantly on student-centric activities, targeting only inward-looking measures aimed at students. In the corporate context, employees are considered the “second audience” for external marketing promotions, and the impact of these promotions on employee job satisfaction has been well researched. However, in the university context, little is known about how external policies affect student loyalty. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the influence of both inward- and outward-looking activities on student loyalty in Japanese universities. An online survey was conducted for 1,000 Japanese university students. The results of applying structural equation modeling to the survey data confirm the positive effect of inward-looking measures on student loyalty. Significant effects were found for lectures (β = 0.670, p-value < 0.000) and job hunting (β = 0.250, p-value < 0.000), while campuses also showed a positive effect (β = 0.148, p-value = 0.039). Among outward-looking measures, only celebrity endorsements contributed positively to loyalty (β = 0.136, p-value = 0.026), while sports and digital channel promotions had negative effects, contrary to expectations. This may be attributed to the reliance of sports on wins and losses and digital channel promotions often inducing feelings of envy when students observe others’ successes. Therefore, when university policymakers implement measures to strengthen their external brands, they must consider their impact on enrolled students.