bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a theory-informed approach to explore patient and staff perspectives on factors that influence clinical trial recruitment for patients with cirrhosis and small oesophageal varices
Authors: Le Boutillier Clair , Snowdon Claire , Patel Vishal , McPhail Mark , Ward Christopher , Carter Ben , Uddin Ruhama , Zamalloa Ane , Lawrence Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Objective

The success of pharmacological randomised controlled trials (RCTs) depends on the recruitment of the required number of participants. Recruitment to RCTs for patients with cirrhosis and small oesophageal varices raises specific additional challenges. The objectives of the study were 1) to explore patient perspectives on factors that influence RCT recruitment, 2) to understand factors that influence the success of recruitment from a staff perspective, and 3) to identify opportunities for tailored interventions to improve trial recruitment in this context.

Methods

The qualitative study was embedded in a multi-centre blinded RCT (BOPPP trial) and was conducted alongside site opening. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who enrolled to participate in the trial (n = 13), patients who declined to take part (n = 5), and staff who were responsible for recruiting participants to the trial (n = 18). An open approach to data collection and analysis was adopted and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to provide a theoretical lens through which to view influences on behaviour. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The findings consist of 5 overarching themes that outline trial recruitment influences at the patient, staff, team, organisational and trial levels: i) patient risks and benefits ii) staff attitudes, knowledge and capacity, iii) team-based approach, iv) organisational context and v) Trial collective. Patient-generated themes map onto thirteen of the fourteen TDF domains and staff-generated themes map onto all TDF domains. The overarching themes are not mutually exclusive; with evidence of direct interactions between patient and staff-level themes that influence recruitment behaviours.

Conclusions

This study uses a theory-informed approach to gain new insights into improving clinical trial recruitment for patients with cirrhosis and small oesophageal varices. Although people with cirrhosis often display decreased healthcare-seeking behaviours, we found that patients used research to empower themselves to improve their health. Pragmatic trials involving unpredictable populations require staff expertise in building trust, and a deep knowledge of the patient group and their vulnerabilities. RCT recruitment is also more successful when research visits align with what staff identified as the natural rhythm of care.

Trial registration

ISRCTN10324656; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Lateral access mechanism of LPA receptor probed by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Suenaga Rieko , Takemoto Mizuki , Inoue Asuka , Ishitani Ryuichiro , Nureki Osamu
Published: February 2022

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are a family of membrane receptors that play important roles in the regulation of various physiological phenomena. LPA receptors (LPA1-6) are members of the class A GPCRs, which transduce a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signal across the cell membrane and evoke various responses, including cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The crystal structure of LPA6 revealed a gap between its transmembrane helices (TMs), which is opened toward the membrane side. This led to the proposal of the “lateral access model,” in which its lipophilic ligand directly enters the binding pocket through the gap structure at the membrane. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Markov state model (MSM) analyses of LPA6 and LPA, to elucidate the long timescale dynamics of the ligand binding process. The results from the 71.4-μs MD simulation suggested that the flexibility of the TMs constituting the gap structure enables the lateral entrance of the ligand, and the key interactions between the receptor and ligand facilitate the transition state of the ligand binding process.
The impact of interactive advertising on consumer engagement, recall, and understanding: A scoping systematic review for informing regulatory science
Authors: Giombi Kristen , Viator Catherine , Hoover Juliana , Tzeng Janice , Sullivan Helen W. , O’Donoghue Amie C. , Southwell Brian G. , Kahwati Leila C.
Published: February 2022

We conducted a scoping systematic review with respect to how consumer engagement with interactive advertising is evaluated and if interactive features influence consumer recall, awareness, or comprehension of product claims and risk disclosures for informing regulatory science. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Business Source Corporate, and SCOPUS were searched for original research published from 1997 through February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Outcomes were abstracted into a structured abstraction form. We included 32 studies overall. The types of interactive ads evaluated included website banner and pop up ads, search engine ads, interactive TV ads, advergames, product websites, digital magazine ads, and ads on social network sites. Twenty-three studies reported objective measures of engagement using observational analyses or laboratory-based experiments. In nine studies evaluating the association between different interactivity features and outcomes, the evidence was mixed on whether more interactivity improves or worsens recall and comprehension. Studies vary with respect to populations, designs, ads evaluated, and outcomes assessed.
In vivo interferon-gamma induced changes in gene expression dramatically alter neutrophil phenotype
Authors: Ambruso Daniel R. , Briones Natalie J. , Baroffio Angelina F. , Murphy John R. , Tran Alexander D. , Gowan Katherine , Sanford Bridget , Ellison Michael , Jones Kenneth L.
Published: February 2022

The cytokine Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) exerts powerful immunoregulatory effects on the adaptive immune system and also enhances functions of the neutrophil (PMN). The clinical use of IFN-γ has been driven by the finding that its administration to patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results in decreased incidence and severity of infections. However, IFN-γ has no effect on the characteristic defect of CGD, the inability to convert oxygen to microbicidal metabolites including superoxide anion (O2-) during the phagocytosis associated oxidative burst. We administered varying doses of IFN-γ to adult volunteers and studied the effects on plasma drug levels and response molecules and PMNs isolated from blood drawn at intervals over a 96- hour period. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, IP-10 and neopterin, and stimulated release of O2-from PMNs exhibited dose- and time-dependent increases after IFN-γ administration. Gene expression in PMNs was altered for 2775 genes; changes occurred rapidly after administration and returned to baseline in 24–36 hours. Several genes involved with neutrophil host defense were upregulated including those for components of the O2-generating NADPH oxidase; innate-immune and Fc receptors; proteins involved in MHCI and II; a regulator of circulating PMN number; guanylate binding proteins; and a key enzyme in synthesis of an essential NOS cofactor. Coordinate changes were detected in protein levels of representative products from several of these genes. Lysates from isolated neutrophils also demonstrated a spike in NO following IFN-γ administration. IFN-γ appears to increase non-oxygen dependent microbicidal functions of PMNs which could provide strategies to compensate for deficiencies, explain its clinical benefit for CGD patients and expand therapeutic applications of IFN-γ to other disorders.

Trial registration:Protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT02609932, Effect of IFN-γ on Innate Immune Cells.
Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with aortic stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Liu Jie , Qin Shu
Published: February 2022

Background

The timing of surgery for aortic stenosis (AS) is imperfect, and the management of moderate AS and asymptomatic severe AS is still challenging. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the main pathological basis of cardiac decompensation in patients with AS and can be detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MF measured by CMR in patients with AS, which can provide a reference for the timing of aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to include all studies that investigated the prognostic value of CMR in patients with AS. The search deadline is March 31, 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the biomarkers including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), Native T1 or extracellular volume (ECV) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic value.

Results

13 studies and 2,430 patients with AS were included in this study, the mean or medium follow-up duration for each study was ranged from 6 to 67.2 months. Meta-analysis showed the presence of LGE was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (pooled RR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.67–2.74, P < 0.001), cardiac mortality (pooled RR: 3.50, 95% CI: 2.32–5.30, P < 0.001), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (pooled RR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.23–2.22, P = 0.001). Native T1 was significantly associated with MACEs (pooled RR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.00–4.95; P = 0.049), and higher ECV was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (pooled HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.11–2.58; P = 0.014).

Conclusion

The use of CMR to detect MF has a good prognostic value in patients with AS. LGE, Native T1 and ECV measured by CMR can contribute to risk stratification of AS, thereby helping to optimize the timing of AVR.
Prevalence of post-partum anemia and associated factors among women attending public primary health care facilities: An institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mremi Alex , Rwenyagila Doris , Mlay Joseph
Published: February 2022

Background

Severe post-partum anemia is an important cause of maternal deaths and severe morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, little information is available to guide health care professionals in ensuring good health of women after delivery. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of post-partum anemia and associated factors among women attending public primary health care facilities.

Materials and methods

An institutional based cross sectional study was carried out. Women in post-partum period (the period from child birth to six weeks after delivery) attending the public primary health care facilities from October to December 2019 for children vaccination were recruited. The prick method was used to obtain blood for haemoglobin estimation. Post-partum anemia was defined as a haemoglobin level of less than 11g/dl. Participants found anaemic were asked to undertake malaria and helminths parasites tests from blood and stool samples respectively. The samples were examined by an experienced laboratory scientist on study sites according to the Tanzania national standard for medical laboratories protocols.

Results

A total of 424 women were enrolled with mean age of 27.8 years (SD 5.93). Most of the participants 234(55.2%) had primary education and nearly half 198(46.7%) of them were house wives. The overall prevalence of post-partum anemia was 145(34.2%). Among the anaemic participants, 34(23.5%) had positive blood slide for malaria parasite while 15(10.3%) had positive test for stool helminths infection. Delivery by vaginal route and low parity were protective against post-partum anemia (p<0.001).Other factors that were associated with post-partum anemia included absence of a marital partner (p<0.001) and inter pregnancy interval of less than two years (p<0.001). The risk of post-partum anemia in women with less than two years interval between their last two pregnancies was about 18 times more as compared to women with more than two years interval between their last two pregnancies, (COR = 18; 95% CI 8.617–38.617).Women without marital partners were 10 times more likely to get anemia as compared to married women, (COR = 10; 01.910–54.935).

Conclusions

The prevalence of anaemia among post-partum women found in this study points to a situation of public health problem according to WHO cut-off values for the public health significance of anaemia. Inter pregnancy interval of less than two years and absence of a marital partner were associated with post-partum anemia while delivery by vaginal route and low parity were protective against post-partum anemia. Strategies should therefore be put in place to encourage thorough health education and promotion programs among both pregnant and post-partum women.
Predictive value of tumor mutational burden for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Guangxian , Liu Xiaowei , Ma Tian , Lv Desheng , Sun Ge
Published: February 2022

Background

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, some patients cannot benefit from immunotherapy, and reliable biomarkers for selecting sensitive patients are needed. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of tumor mutational burden (TMB) in NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Methods

Eligible studies were comprehensively searched from electronic databases prior to August 31, 2021. Meta-analyses of high TMB versus low TMB as well as immunotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with high/low TMB were conducted. Hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI for objective response rate (ORR) were calculated.

Results

A total of 31 datasets (3437 patients) and 6 randomized controlled trials (3662 patients) were available for meta-analyses of high TMB versus low TMB and immunotherapy versus chemotherapy, respectively. High TMB predicted significantly favorable PFS (HR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.46–0.63, P<0.001) and OS (HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.57–0.87, P = 0.001), and higher ORR (OR = 3.14, 95%CI: 2.28–4.34, P<0.001) compared with low TMB. In patients with high TMB, immunotherapy was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.53–0.72), OS (HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.57–0.79) and ORR (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.74–3.18) when compared with chemotherapy. However, in patients with low TMB, immunotherapy seemed to predict inferior PFS (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.02–1.41) and ORR (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.44–0.84) and have no OS benefit (HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.74–1.05) as compared with chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates more clinical benefits concerning treatment response and survival outcomes in high-TMB NSCLC patients who are treated with immunotherapy. TMB is a promising biomarker for discriminating NSCLC patients who can benefit more from immunotherapy.
A Felvidék magyarlakta területén működő turisztikai szervezeti rendszer vizsgálata
Authors: Tőzsér Anett , Bánhidai Csilla , Fogarasi Noémi Blanka , Csonka Ákos
Published: February 2022

A Kárpát-medence magyarlakta térségei megannyi ismert vagy kevésbé ismert vonzerővel rendelkező turisztikai fogadóterületek, amelyek versenyképességét meghatározza a turizmus szereplőinek együttmű­ködése is. Ezért a Nemzetstratégiai Kutatóintézet egy kutatássorozatot indított el, hogy ezen szervezetek működéséről egy átfogó képet adjon. Ennek első, pilot projektjét a 2015 második felében elvégzett ’Székely­föld turisztikai szervezeti rendszerének vizsgálata’ című kutatás jelentette. Az ott kialakított módszertani gyakorlat alapján a kutatás helyszíne 2017-ben a Felvidék magyarlakta területe. A kutatás várható ered­ménye, illetve az ez alapján megfogalmazott ajánlások a következő években hozzájárulhatnak ahhoz, hogy a Felvidék magyarlakta vidékein a turizmus a szervezeti háttér fejlesztésének köszönhetően versenyképe­sebbé váljon, ezáltal újabb gazdasági lehetőségeket kínáljon a helyi magyar közösségek számára, elősegítve a szülőföldön történő megmaradásukat, társadalmi-gazdasági megerősödésüket. A kutatás eredményeivel a Felvidék magyarlakta területén, majd pedig a Kárpát-medencében készítjük elő és erősítjük a turisztikai együttműködéseket.
„A gyerekeim imádják, ezért én is imádom” – Családbarát hotelek fogyasztói percepciói online értékelések alapján
Authors: Csordás Tamás , Markos-Kujbus Éva , Ásványi Katalin
Published: February 2022

Ahogy a családbarát szállások egyre népszerűbbé válnak, úgy állítja egyre több intézmény magáról, hogy családbarát. Ennek ellenére a családbarátság fogalmának nem létezik egy közösen elfogadott definíciója. Kutatásunk fő célja, hogy online felhasználói értékelések elemzésével megalkossa ezt a definíciót. En­nek érdekében három értékelőportálról (Tripadvisor, Facebook, Szállás.hu) 13 hotelhez kapcsolódóan 614 fogyasztói vélemény került elemzésre a netnográfia/kvalitatív tartalomelemzés módszerével. A kutatás eredményei azt mutatják, hogy a családbarátság komplex konstruktum. Kutatásunk a családbarátság há­rom fő dimenzióját azonosítja: (1) homofília, mint külső pszichológiai tényező, (2) gyermekbarátság, mint komplex aldimenzió több saját aldimenzióval, valamint (3) pihenés, mint gyakran látens kimeneti tényező. A kutatás alapján az a szálláshely családbarát, amely már teljesített más, hasonló helyzetű fogyasztóknál, specifikusan gyermek- és/vagy bababarát fizikai környezetet, kiegészítő szolgáltatásokat és üzleti/emberi hozzáállást biztosít annak érdekében, hogy lehetővé tegye az oda látogató specifikus célcsoport minden tagja számára a valódi kikapcsolódást.
Becoming a Historian: An Informal Guide
Authors: Corfield Penelope , Hitchcock Tim
Published: February 2022

Writing history is an art and a craft. This handbook is designed to support research students and independent scholars in showing how the historical profession works, and how they can participate in this vibrant community of scholars. This friendly guide will help you design big research projects, the difference between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies and how to follow your project through to a positive conclusion. It is also frank about the pains and pleasures of sticking with a long-term project. And it finally explains how to present original research to wider audiences, including the appropriate use of social media, the art of public lecturing, and strategies for publication. Written by esteemed historians, Penelope J. Corfield and Tim Hitchcock, Becoming a Historian seeks to explode the myths and systems that can make the world of research seem intimidating and instead offers step-by-step advice designed to make it easier to join this vibrant community of scholarship.
Estranhando o óbvio, perscrutando os clichês
Authors: Ferreira Alves Lindomberto
Published: February 2022

Trata-se de uma resenha da conferência “Entre o cansaço e a preguiça: sobre corpos que tombam”, do curador Raphael Fonseca, realizada no dia 27 de setembro de 2019, no auditório do Cemuni IV – Centro de Artes, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, como parte da programação da exposição coletiva “Ao Redor do Sono”, em cartaz na Galeria de Arte e Pesquisa – GAP/UFES, de 27 de agosto a 04 de outubro de 2019. Busca-se, portanto, sistematizar algumas questões que se ressaltaram em sua fala, apresentando alguns fios que emergiram a partir do debate público sobre suas experiências profissionais como pesquisador e curador. Nessa parte, considera não apenas o campo investigativo da pesquisa doutoral de Raphael Fonseca em relação à iconografia das redes de dormir e suas finalidades discursivas na constituição das noções de identidade brasileira, como, também, os desdobramentos reflexivos daí decorrentes que o conduziram a um instigante e célere percurso no campo curatorial ao redor de termos como trabalho, cansaço, preguiça, sono e descanso.
Knowledge Sharing untuk Meningkatkan Tingkat Kompetisi Usaha Kecil Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Sari Ade Ratna
Published: February 2022

UMKM mengalami kendala dalam menjaga dan mengembangkan knowledge yang mereka miliki. Konsep knowledge sharing sebagai bagian dari aktivitas knowledge management dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan ini dan kemudian UMKM dapat mencapai efisiensi, strategi inovasi dan meningkatkan produktivitas. Penulis menggunakan studi literatur dalam menggagas knowledge management untuk UMKM. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa UMKM dapat menerapkan knowledge sharing baik secara informal berupa komunikasi yang sangat dekat di antara karyawan dan pimpinan serta konsultan eksternal. Selain itu juga dapat dirancang sistem berbasis komputer sebagai sarana knowledge sharing yang memungkinkan terjadinya transfer knowledge dari tacit knowledge ke explicit knowledge atau sebaliknya bahkan juga proses transfer knowledge dari di antara tacit knowledge.
Urgensi Literasi Digital di Indonesia pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal Faza
Published: February 2022

Digital literacy competence is very important for students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The application of distance learning encourages easy internet access for every level of society. This paper intends to conduct a study of digital literacy in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in this research is a systematic review. The research findings show that digital literacy campaigns are important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital literacy will foster a creative and critical mentality in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak. The digital literacy movement will help the public obtain the right information and pass the time during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, there are important components in developing digital literacy, namely as follows. 1) Culture, namely understanding the various contexts of users of the digital world; 2) Cognitive, namely the power of thought in assessing the content; 3) Constructive; 4) Communication, namely understanding network and communication performance in the digital world; 5) Confident in being responsible; 6) Creative, doing new things in new ways; 7) Critical in addressing content; 8) Being socially responsible.
The Holy Spirit and Ecclesiological Political Theology
Authors: Grassi Martín
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I will argue that a Christian Political Theology is mostly to be found in the concepts of the Church and in the performance of the Holy Spirit by examining the works of Erik Peterson and Yves Congar. For both theologians, the political dimension of ecclesiology is grounded on the action of the Holy Spirit, especially considering the birth of the Church in Pentecost, and the pneumatological nature of the sacraments. Although Political Theology focused mainly on the persons of the Father and the Son, I aim at showing how a Christian Political Theology is ultimately grounded on the conceptual transferences between the political and the theological that the Holy Spirit makes possible through the Church: if there is a Christian Political Theology, it is essentially ecclesiological and pneumatological.
Prediction and mitigation of AC interference on the pipeline system
Authors: Thakur Ajit Kumar , Arya Adarsh Kumar , Sharma Pushpa
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to predict and mitigate AC interference on buried pipeline systems due to transmission lines. Modeling and field verification of AC interference is done. The article also presents the issue of optimizing the mitigation measures. The paper uses the field data on soil resistivity, transmission line, and pipeline details to develop a model using current distribution electromagnetic interference grounding and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) software to predict the AC interference on the pipeline system. The model is validated with field measurements, and post-mitigation measures are considered. Mitigation measures are optimized to develop an economical mitigation plan. The case demonstrates the use of modeling techniques to predict and mitigate AC interference on pipelines. The field validation of modeling results helps improve the modeling results and plan optimized mitigation measures. The study requires providing comprehensive field data relevant to the pipeline system under consideration. The accuracy of the field data may have a bearing on the outcome of the study. The study enables designing and optimizing mitigation measures using modeling. Comparisons with field measurements help achieve desired pipeline system integrity against AC corrosion.
Monolithic dual-wedge prism-based spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Song Ki-Hee , Brenner Benjamin , Yeo Wei-Hong , Kweon Junghun , Cai Zhen , Zhang Yang , Lee Youngseop , Yang Xusan , Sun Cheng , Zhang Hao F.
Published: February 2022

By manipulating the spectral dispersion of detected photons, spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) permits concurrent high-throughput single-molecular spectroscopic analysis and imaging. Despite its promising potential, using discrete optical components and managing the delicate balance between spectral dispersion and spatial localization compromise its performance, including nonuniform spectral dispersion, high transmission loss of grating, high optical alignment demands, and reduced precision. We designed a dual-wedge prism (DWP)-based monolithic imaging spectrometer to overcome these challenges. We optimized the DWP for spectrally dispersing focused beam without deviation and with minimal wavefront error. We integrated all components into a compact assembly, minimizing total transmission loss and significantly reducing optical alignment requirements. We show the feasibility of DWP using ray-tracing and numerical simulations. We validated our numerical simulations by experimentally imaging individual nanospheres and confirmed that DWP-sSMLM achieved much improved spatial and spectral precisions of grating-based sSMLM. We also demonstrated DWP-sSMLM in 3D multi-color imaging of cells.
The Impact of Social Media in Piano Practice Online Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Setiawan Afrizal Yudha , Habsary Dwiyana , Bulan Indra
Published: February 2022

This research aims to examine and describe the design of practical online learning in the arts by utilizing social media as a platform to enforce lecturing activities during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the impact of the use of social media. The data was collected through focus group discussion, observations, interviews and documentation. The subjects involved in this research were 10 students who took major piano instruments in the Music Education Study Program at Lampung University. This research used qualitative methods, by analyzing interactive data. The results of the data analysis showed that the use of social media in piano online learning was able to increase student motivation through competitive strategies. The learning design by utilizing social media can be used as one of the strategies to overcome the lack of student learning motivation in practical learning in the arts during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Метод Лапласа для опису непружного розсіяння адронів і нові механізми зростання перерізів
Authors: Шарф І.В. , Тихонов А.В. , Сохранний Г.О. , Яткін К.В. , Делієргієв М.А. , Подолян Н.О. , Русов В.Д.
Published: February 2022

Показано, що існують типи фейнманівських діаграм, для розрахунку яких можна застосувати метод Лапласа, що дозволяє виявити нові механізми зростання перерізів розсіяння, які не враховуються реджіонною теорією внаслідок нехтування залежністю амплітуди розсіяння від поздовжніх компонент імпульсів вторинних частинок у системі центра мас вихідних частинок. У межах мультипериферичної моделі отримано залежність повного перерізу розсіяння від енергії, яка на якісному рівні збігається з експериментальною залежністю.
Вплив нанодефектів шарів на пропускання світла оптичними елементами з багатошаровими інтерференційними покриттями
Authors: Фекешгазі І.В. , Сіденко Т.С. , Міца О.В. , Барна П. , Кікінеші О.Є.
Published: February 2022

Досліджено залежність пропускання світла оптичними елементами з багатошаровими інтерференційними покриттями. Встановлено, що максимуми пропускання оптичних елементів з реальними покриттями, які мають дефекти, знижуються тим сильніше, чим вищі показники заломлення речовини дефектів, а форма кривих пропускання суттєво залежить від розмірів дефектів уздовж напрямку поширення світла та їх положення в об'ємі дефектного шару. Дані результати необхідні длявідпрацьовування технології виготовлення оптичних елементів з багатошаровими інтерференційними покриттями як для лазерної техніки, так і для виробництва оптичних лінз.
Self-Consistent Microscopic Model of the Energy Spectrum of Superfluity 4He with the Hermitian Form of the Bogolyubov–Zubarev Hamiltonian
Authors: Grigorishin K.V. , Lev B.I.
Published: February 2022

Based on the representation of collective variables with the Hermitian form of the Bogolyubov–Zubarev Hamiltonian, a self-consistent oscillator model of the ground state and excited states of a Bose liquid has been proposed. A new method of calculation of anharmonic terms in this Hamiltonian and its interpretation have been presented. The dispersion equation for a collective excitation in superfluid 4He has been obtained in a self-consistent way, where the real and virtual processes of decay of a collective excitation are considered. The end point, which is determined by the threshold of collective excitation's decay into two rotons, of the dispersion curve has been obtained, and it is shown that the dispersion curve strongly depends on the property of its stability. An approach with a structure factor has been realized without use of any fitting parameters. Based on the oscillator model, a new method of self-consistent calculation of the ground-state energy and the density of a Bose condensate has been proposed. The model of suppression of a Bose condensate has been presented.
Вологочутливі структури на основі поруватого кремнію
Authors: Оленич І.Б. , Монастирський Л.С. , Аксіментьєва О.І. , Соколовський Б.С.
Published: February 2022

Вивчено вплив адсорбційно-десорбційних процесів водяної пари на електричну провідність і високочастотну ємність сенсорних структур на основі поруватого кремнію в температурному діапазоні 15–40 ºC. Зареєстровано суттєву зміну електричної провідності та ємності залежно від концентрації водяної пари. Для оцінки сенсорних властивостей було розраховано адсорбційну чутливість структур на основі поруватого кремнію та багатошарових структур з плівкою каталітичного матеріалу. Досліджено кінетику відклику структур на зміну концентрації водяної пари. Отримані результати дозволяють оптимізувати процеси формування сенсорів вологості на основі поруватого кремнію.
Спін-1/2 асиметричний ромбічний ланцюжок Ізинга–Гайзенберга
Authors: Лісний Б.М.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто основний стан і термодинаміку спін-1/2 асиметричного ромбічного ланцюжка Ізинга–Гайзенберга. Для XYZ анізотропної взаємодії Гайзенберга методом декораційно-ітераційного перетворення точно розраховано вільну енергію, ентропію, теплоємність, намагніченість і магнітну сприйнятливість. У випадку антиферомагнітних взаємодій – Ізинга і XYZ анізотропної Гайзенберга – досліджено основний стан, процес намагнічування, температурну залежність намагніченості, магнітної сприйнятливості і теплоємності. Вивчено вплив геометричної фрустрації та квантових флуктуацій на ці характеристики.
Щодо створення державної ключової лабораторії для розвитку мікроелектроніки в Україні
Authors: Кладько Василь Петрович
Published: February 2022

У доповіді зазначено, що одним з пріоритетних напрямів діяльності Інституту фізики напівпровідників ім. В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України є фундаментальні та прикладні дослідження зі створення нового покоління функціональних напівпровідникових матеріалів та структур. Наголошено на важливості розвитку мікроелектронної індустрії, яка у сучасному світі має стратегічне значення і визначає рівень науково-технічного прогресу країни. Проаналізовано стан мікроелектронної галузі в Україні. З метою її відродження та для забезпечення потреб вітчизняного оборонно-промислового комплексу запропоновано створення на базі Інституту державної ключової лабораторії.
High-Powered Magnet Exposures in Children: A Multi-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Middelberg Leah K. , Leonard Julie C. , Shi Junxin , Aranda Arturo , Brown Julie C. , Cochran Christina L. , Eastep Kasi , Gonzalez Raquel , Haasz Maya , Herskovitz Scott , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Koral Alexander , Lamoshi Abdulraouf , Levitte Steven , Lo Yu Hsiang J. , Montminy Taylor , Novak Inna , Ng Kenneth , Novotny Nathan M. , Parrado Raphael H. , Ruan Wenly , Shapiro Joseph , Sinclair Elizabeth M. , Stewart Amanda M. , Talathi Saurabh , Tavarez Melissa M. , Townsend Peter , Zaytsev Julia , Rudolph Bryan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

High-powered magnets were effectively removed from the US market by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in 2012 but returned in 2016 after federal court decisions. The United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit cited imprecise data among other reasons as justification for overturning CPSC protections. Since then, incidence of high-powered magnet exposure has increased markedly, but outcome data are limited. In this study, we aim to describe the epidemiology and outcomes in children seeking medical care for high-powered magnets after reintroduction to market.

METHODS

This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients aged 0 to 21 years with a confirmed high-powered magnet exposure (ie, ingestion or insertion) at 25 children’s hospitals in the United States between 2017 and 2019.

RESULTS

Of 596 patients with high-powered magnet exposures identified, 362 (60.7%) were male and 566 (95%) were <14 years of age. Nearly all sought care for magnet ingestion (n = 574, 96.3%), whereas 17 patients (2.9%) presented for management of nasal or aural magnet foreign bodies, 4 (0.7%) for magnets in their genitourinary tract, and 1 patient (0.2%) had magnets in their respiratory tract. A total of 57 children (9.6%) had a life-threatening morbidity; 276 (46.3%) required an endoscopy, surgery, or both; and 332 (55.7%) required hospitalization. There was no reported mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite being intended for use by those >14 years of age, high-powered magnets frequently cause morbidity and lead to high need for invasive intervention and hospitalization in children of all ages.
Conditional LQ time-inconsistent Markov-switching stochastic optimal control problem for diffusion with jumps
Authors: Bouaicha Nour El Houda , Chighoub Farid , Alia Ishak , Sohail Ayesha
Published: February 2022

The paper presents a characterization of equilibrium in a game-theoretic description of discounting conditional stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ for short) optimal control problem, in which the controlled state process evolves according to a multidimensional linear stochastic differential equation, when the noise is driven by a Poisson process and an independent Brownian motion under the effect of a Markovian regime-switching. The running and the terminal costs in the objective functional are explicitly dependent on several quadratic terms of the conditional expectation of the state process as well as on a nonexponential discount function, which create the time-inconsistency of the considered model. Open-loop Nash equilibrium controls are described through some necessary and sufficient equilibrium conditions. A state feedback equilibrium strategy is achieved via certain differential-difference system of ODEs. As an application, we study an investment–consumption and equilibrium reinsurance/new business strategies for mean-variance utility for insurers when the risk aversion is a function of current wealth level. The financial market consists of one riskless asset and one risky asset whose price process is modeled by geometric Lévy processes and the surplus of the insurers is assumed to follow a jump-diffusion model, where the values of parameters change according to continuous-time Markov chain. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of theoretical results.
Exploring stability of a nanoscale complex solid solution thin film by in situ heating transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Manjón Alba Garzón , Zhang Siyuan , Völker Bernhard , Meischein Michael , Ludwig Alfred , Scheu Christina
Published: February 2022

Combining thin film deposition with in situ heating electron microscopy allows to understand the thermal stability of complex solid solution nanomaterials. From a CrMnFeCoNi alloy target a thin film with an average thickness of ~10 nm was directly sputtered onto a heating chip for in situ transmission electron microscopy. We investigate the growth process and the thermal stability of the alloy and compare our results with other investigations on bulk alloys or bulk-like films thicker than 100 nm. For the chosen sputtering condition and SiNx substrate, the sputter process leads to the Stranski–Krastanov growth type (i.e., islands forming on the top of a continuous layer). Directly after sputtering, we detect two different phases, namely CoNi-rich nanoscale islands and a continuous CrMnFe-rich layer. In situ annealing of the thin film up to 700°C leads to Ostwald ripening of the islands, which is enhanced in the areas irradiated by the electron beam during heating. Besides Ostwald ripening, the chemical composition of the continuous layer and the islands changed during the heating process. After annealing, the islands are still CoNi-rich, but lower amounts of Fe and Cr are observed and Mn was completely absent. The continuous layer also changed its composition. Co and Ni were removed, and the amount of Cr lowered. These results confirm that the synthesis of a CrMnFeCoNi thin film with an average thickness of ~10 nm can lead to a different morphology, chemical composition, and stability compared to thicker films (>100 nm).

Impact statement

Exploring stability of a complex solid solution thin film by in situ heating transmission electron microscopy is a study of the thermal stability of sputtered complex solid solution thin films with thicknesses of ~10 nm. Complex solid solution materials have a promising electrocatalytic behavior due to the interplay of multi-element active sites. In order to understand their catalytic properties, it is important to identify the different structure-composition-activity correlations. Thus, our investigation helps to clarify and to understand the stability of nanoscale complex solid solution with an average film thickness of ~10 nm.

Graphic abstract

Combining sputter deposition with in situ heating transmission electron microscopy allows to understand the thermal stability of nanoscale complex solid solution thin films.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Ahyani Hisam , Abduloh Agus Yosep , Tobroni Tobroni
Published: February 2022

Prinsip dasar Manajemen Pendidikan Islam mengandung berbagai prinsip umum yang fleksibel sehingga ia sejalan dengan kemajuan dan perkembangan yang baik. Prinsip-prinsip inilah yang membedakan antara manajemen pendidikan secara umum dengan manjemen pendidikan Islam. Mengenai prinsip-prinsip manajemen pendidikan Islam banyak pakar pendidikan Islam yang berbeda pendapat. Maka dari itu di era yang serba digital ini yaitu Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 perlu adanya revitaslisasi kajian mengenai prinsip-prinsip dalam manajemen pendidikan Islam guna mewujudkan manajemen yang kokoh dan unggul. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dalam penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Adapun pendekatannya menggunakan pendekatannya kulalitatif. Penulis mengambil ayat-ayat yang berkaitan, antara lain yaitu Surat Al-A’raf ayat 29, Surat Al-Ahzab ayat 24, Surat Al-Zumr ayat 33, Surat At-Taubah ayat 119, Surat Muhammad ayat 21, Surat An-Nisa ayat 58, Al-Maidah ayat 8. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam manajemen pendidikan Islam dan relevansinya dalam kehidupan Era Revlusi Industri 4.0 diantaranya meliputi prinsip ikhlas, jujur, amanah dan adil.
MANAJEMEN TENAGA PENDIDIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN ‎KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL
Authors: Amanah Ima Muslimatul , Hermawan A. Heris , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses pembinaan akal manusia yang mana potensi utamanya adalah sebagai makhluk yang berpikir. Pendidikan di dalamnya terdapat suatu proses pembelajaran yang keberhasilannya tergantung kepada sumber daya yang dinamakan tenaga pendidik atau guru. Oleh karenanya dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan perlu adanya proses manajemen tenaga pendidik yang baik guna meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses manajemen tenaga pendidik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik observasi, teknik wawancara baku terbuka, dan teknik studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan tenaga pendidik di SMP IT Imam Bukhari dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap mapping, rekrutmen, seleksi dan penempatan. Pengorganisasian tenaga pendidik di SMP IT Imam Bukhari dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tugas tambahan selain mengajar, adapun pendistribusiannya dilakukan oleh pihak yayasan. Penyusunan staf di SMP IT Imam Bukhari di sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan mengacu pada standar pengelolaan sekolah. Penggerakkan tenaga pendidik di SMP IT Imam Bukhari dilakukan melalui beberapa program yaitu pembinaan spiritual, halaqah Qur’an, fiah qalilah, pelatihan, dan inovasi pembelajaran. Pengawasan yang dilakukan di SMP IT Imam Bukhari yaitu melalui pengecekan kehadiran oleh Kepala Sekolah baik kehadiran secara manual maupun finger print dan juga observasi lapangan pada proses belajar mengajar.
QUALITY SERVICE IN IMPROVING THE PROFITABILITY OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BASED ON PESANTREN
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Wibowo Adi , Mulyani Heny , Maula Rofikatul
Published: February 2022

This study aims to understand and analyze the school's strategy in increasing institutional profitability through strengthening Quality Service at SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton, Probolinggo. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. The results show that SMA Nurul Jadid seeks to increase school profitability by continuously strengthening Quality Service through five things: Crost-Interest Curriculum, namely cross-interest subjects that exist in each specialization; Performance, namely prioritizing the appearance of all components of the institution; Improving the quality of human resources, namely forming good and religious characters for all students and teachers; Excellent Service, namely excellent service for all school components; Infrastructure, namely as the effectiveness of student learning. This study implies the importance of institutions strengthening Quality Service to impact the profitability of institutions.
Posterior Parietal Cortex Dysfunction is Central to Working Memory Storage and Broad Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hazra Aniket , Panda Atri , Sarkar Priyanshu
Published: February 2022

Working memory (WM) deficiencies in patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) are thought to be caused by PFC dysfunction, but few research have looked at non-manipulated measures of WM storage. Storage capacity is more closely tied to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) than the frontal cortex
(PFC) in neurotypical people, suggesting that impairments in WM storage capacity in schizophrenia that are associated with widespread cognitive deficits may be related to neuronal activity in the PPC. While receiving fMRI, 37 PSZ and 37 matched healthy control volunteers of both sexes conducted
a change detection test with varied set sizes. The assignment was created to emphasis WM storage while requiring minimal top-down management. BOLD activity correlated with the number of items kept in WM (K), as determined by task performance at a particular set size, according to whole-brain
analyses. Independent of set size, K values predicted BOLD activity in the PPC, including the superior and inferior parietal lobules, intraparietal sulcus, and middle occipital gyrus, across groups. In the left PPC, whole-brain interaction analysis revealed that PSZ had much less K-dependent
signal modulation than healthy control participants, a finding that could not be explained by a smaller K value range. The slope between K and PPC activation accounted for 43.4 percent of the variations in broad cognitive performance across groups. These findings suggest that PPC dysfunction
is linked to WM storage abnormalities in PSZ and may play a role in schizophrenia's widespread cognitive deficiencies.
The learner corpus path: a worthwhile methodological challenge
Authors: Dutra Deise Prina , Orfanò Bárbara Malveira , Guedes Annallena de Souza , Alves Jessica Ceritello , Fekete João Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Corpus compilation is a challenging research endeavor that many researchers decide to pursue. Few learner corpora, however, can be easily accessed (e.g.,the International Corpus of Learner English), and none of them carry a variety of text registers written by English learners at different proficiency levels studying in the Brazilian university context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the compilation of a learner corpus, much needed in our research and teaching context, pointing out the advantages of building this type of corpus for the understanding of learners’ needs as well as for pedagogical decision-making based on sound data. Presenting a detailed rationale of the corpus compilation, this article reveals the various decisions made in order to guarantee that fair comparisons can be made. To exemplify the value of building a carefully designed corpus, results of previous studies are compared. Some of the conclusions reached refer to the need for discipline-specific tasks to propel writing proficiency and for authorship skills to be developed in English for Academic Purposes classes to foster academic success.
Clinkering design of sulfobelite cements using clay overburden residue from bauxite mining
Authors: Negrão Leonardo Boiadeiro Ayres , Pöllmann Herbert , da Costa Marcondes Lima
Published: February 2022

Sulfobelite (belite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA)) cements are promising alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their lower carbon dioxide generation and lower energy consumption in the clinkering process. Additionally, they are cost effective because of their less-restrictive raw meal composition compared with that of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA), in which expensive bauxites are used as the alumina source. Diverse mining residues have been proved to be reliable alumina sources for BCSA production, including the clay residues that cover bauxites (Belterra Clay (BTC)) in the Brazilian Amazon region. The clinkering settings of BCSA using a different (less alumina) BTC were examined in this work. The mineralogy of the BCSA clinkers was optimised by a design of experiments and studied using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The raw meal composition, boron doping and firing temperature were investigated to obtain the optimal clinker composition. Hydration of the cement pastes was investigated by calorimetry and the strength development of mortars was tested and compared with that of a commercial OPC. The BCSA mortars produced with gypsum additions developed compressive strength comparable to that that OPC within 28 days. The main hydrated phase was ettringite, with minor amounts of kuzelite, straetlingite and gibbsite.