bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural signatures of emotional biases predict clinical outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression
Authors: Fennema Diede , Barker Gareth J. , O’Daly Owen , Godlewska Beata R. , Carr Ewan , Goldsmith Kimberley , Young Allan H. , Moll Jorge , Zahn Roland
Published: October 2024

Background:

Neural predictors underlying variability in depression outcomes are poorly understood. Functional MRI measures of subgenual cortex connectivity, self-blaming and negative perceptual biases have shown prognostic potential in treatment-naïve, medication-free and fully remitting forms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, their role in more chronic, difficult-to-treat forms of MDD is unknown.

Methods:

Forty-five participants (n = 38 meeting minimum data quality thresholds) fulfilled criteria for difficult-to-treat MDD. Clinical outcome was determined by computing percentage change at follow-up from baseline (four months) on the self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (16-item). Baseline measures included self-blame-selective connectivity of the right superior anterior temporal lobe with an a priori Brodmann Area 25 region-of-interest, blood-oxygen-level-dependent a priori bilateral amygdala activation for subliminal sad vs happy faces, and resting-state connectivity of the subgenual cortex with an a priori defined ventrolateral prefrontal cortex/insula region-of-interest.

Findings:

A linear regression model showed that baseline severity of depressive symptoms explained 3% of the variance in outcomes at follow-up (F[3,34] = .33, p = .81). In contrast, our three pre-registered neural measures combined, explained 32% of the variance in clinical outcomes (F[4,33] = 3.86, p = .01).

Conclusion:

These findings corroborate the pathophysiological relevance of neural signatures of emotional biases and their potential as predictors of outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression.
Methods in causal inference. Part 2: Interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A.
Published: October 2024

The analysis of ‘moderation’, ‘interaction’, ‘mediation’ and ‘longitudinal growth’ is widespread in the human sciences, yet subject to confusion. To clarify these concepts, it is essential to state causal estimands, which requires the specification of counterfactual contrasts for a target population on an appropriate scale. Once causal estimands are defined, we must consider their identification. I employ causal directed acyclic graphs and single world intervention graphs to elucidate identification workflows. I show that when multiple treatments exist, common methods for statistical inference, such as multi-level regressions and statistical structural equation models, cannot typically recover the causal quantities we seek. By properly framing and addressing causal questions of interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments, we can expose the limitations of popular methods and guide researchers to a clearer understanding of the causal questions that animate our interests.
Methods in causal inference. Part 3: measurement error and external validity threats
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A.
Published: October 2024

The human sciences should seek generalisations wherever possible. For ethical and scientific reasons, it is desirable to sample more broadly than ‘Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic’ (WEIRD) societies. However, restricting the target population is sometimes necessary; for example, young children should not be recruited for studies on elderly care. Under which conditions is unrestricted sampling desirable or undesirable? Here, we use causal diagrams to clarify the structural features of measurement error bias and target population restriction bias (or ‘selection restriction’), focusing on threats to valid causal inference that arise in comparative cultural research. We define any study exhibiting such biases, or confounding biases, as weird (wrongly estimated inferences owing to inappropriate restriction and distortion). We explain why statistical tests such as configural, metric and scalar invariance cannot address the structural biases of weird studies. Overall, we examine how the workflows for causal inference provide the necessary preflight checklists for ambitious, effective and safe comparative cultural research.
Asymmetric instability of flow-induced vibration for elastically mounted cube at moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Zhang Ji Hao , Wang Ryne , Lien Fue-Sang , Dowell Earl H.
Published: October 2024

The asymmetric instability in two streamwise orthogonal planes for three-dimensional flow-induced vibration (FIV) of an elastically mounted cube at a moderate Reynolds number of 300 is numerically investigated in this paper. The full-order computational fluid dynamics method, data-driven stability analysis via the eigensystem realization algorithm and the selective frequency damping method and total dynamic mode decomposition (TDMD) are applied here to explore this problem. Due to the unsteady non-axisymmetric wakefield formed for flow passing a stationary cube, the FIV response was found to exhibit separate structural stability and oscillations (including lock-in and galloping behaviour) in the two different streamwise orthogonal planes while the body is released. The initial kinetic energy accompanying the release of the cube could destabilize the above-mentioned structural stability. The observed FIV asymmetric instability is verified by the root trajectory of the structural mode obtained via data-driven stability analysis. The stability of the structural modes dominates regardless of whether the structural response oscillates significantly in various (reduced) velocity ranges. Further TDMD analysis on the wake structure, accompanied by the time–frequency spectrum of time-history structural displacements, suggested that the present FIV unit with galloping behaviour is dominated by the combination of the shifted base-flow mode, structure modes and several harmonics of the wake mode.
“Meat from the Heavens”: The Prohibition on Meat Consumption Imposed on Adam and the Jewish-Christian Polemic
Authors: Sabato David
Published: October 2024

Toward the end of the Noahide commandment pericope in the Talmud (b. Sanh. 56–60), we find a sugya (pericope) featuring the prohibition on meat consumption imposed on Adam and its permission to the Noahides. This unique sugya pieces together halakic and haggadic sources that reinterpret the Garden of Eden story and address the complex relationship between humans and animals. This article will examine this sugya, focusing on its closing story, which describes a pietist who merits a gift of heavenly flesh. I will demonstrate that the story has many levels of meaning, grounded in both its immediate and wider contexts, and claim that it conceals a polemic with a similar Christian story (Acts 10), which describes impure meat that descends from the sky, undermining the cultural and halakic divisions between Jews and non-Jews. The comparison between the two stories reveals opposing worldviews with regard to law and lawlessness, utopia and redemption.
Laughter in the Courts of Heaven? Chesterton and the Theology of Humor
Authors: Pickering David
Published: October 2024

This article relates Chesterton’s theology, and that of other theologians, to existing theories of humor. It asks: With regard to the understanding of humor, what is offered by a theological perspective—especially by Chesterton’s theology—that cannot be supplied by philosophical and psychological theories? The article situates Chesterton’s work in relation to three theories of humor: the superiority theory, the release theory, and the incongruity theory. It then examines two important relationships: first, that between humor, worship, and joy; then, that between humor, cognition, and theology. While focusing on Chesterton’s writing, it also considers relevant aspects of the work of other thinkers, including Ian Ker, Duncan Reyburn, Thomas Aquinas, Søren Kierkegaard, Reinhold Niebuhr, Karl Rahner, Peter Berger, Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Terry Lindvall, and Brian Edgar. The article concludes by suggesting the beginnings of an outline of a theology of humor.
Freedom, Creativity, the Self, and God: Between Rabbi Kook and Bergson’s Lebensphilosophie
Authors: Amati Ghila
Published: October 2024

In this essay, I examine the intersection between the concepts of freedom, the self, God, and creativity in the works of one of the most prominent twentieth-century Jewish thinkers, Rabbi Abraham Isaac HaCohen Kook (1865–1935), exploring his use of these concepts through the lens of the Lebensphilosophie of the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859–1941). I first draw a historical and thematic parallel between Bergson’s and Kook’s philosophies that to date has not been considered extensively. I then argue that five different interpretative puzzles related to the topic of freedom in Kook’s teachings can be explained against the background of Bergson’s thought. This Bergsonian interpretation enables the reader to appreciate in what way different aspects of Kook’s thought—the metaphysical, ethical, epistemological, and theological—are interconnected and can be understood as an organic whole. I thereby show that the Bergsonian philosophical and systematic models are an important, and yet unexplored, interpretative tool for the study of Kook’s theological and philosophical thought.
Revealing the Diversity and Complexity behind Long-Term Income Inequality in Latin America: 1920–2011
Authors: Astorga Pablo
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes and documents a new long-term income inequality series for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela based on dynamic social tables with four occupational groups. This enables the calculation of comparable Overall (four groups) and Labor Ginis (three groups) with their between- and within-group components. The main findings are the absence of a unique inequality pattern over time; country outcomes characterized by trajectory diversity and level divergence during industrialization and by commonality and convergence post-1980; the occurrence of inequality-leveling episodes with different timing and length; and significant changes in trends, but also evidence indicating persistence. The income-inequality dataset is included as supplementary material.
The Moon’s Tides Hint at a Melty Lunar Layer
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: October 2024

New lunar gravity measurements support the idea that a partially molten mantle layer is sandwiched between the rest of the Moon’s mantle and its core.
The critical role of Gαi3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell growth
Authors: Li Quan , Huang Zhiyue , Li Zihan , Fan Jianlin , Li Ke
Published: October 2024

The identification of novel and effective therapeutic targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is of paramount importance. This study investigates the expression, potential functions, and mechanistic insights of G protein inhibitory subunit 3 (Gαi3) in OSCC. Gαi3 is found to be upregulated in human OSCC tissues as well as in various primary and established OSCC cells. In different OSCC cells, silencing of Gαi3 through shRNA resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while also inducing apoptosis. Knockout (KO) of Gαi3 via the CRISPR/Cas9 method produced significant anti-cancer effects in OSCC cells. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of Gαi3 enhanced OSCC cell growth, promoting cell proliferation and migration. Gαi3 plays a crucial role in activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in OSCC cells. Silencing or KO of Gαi3 led to decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt and S6K, whereas overexpression of Gαi3 increased their phosphorylation. Restoration of Akt-mTOR activation through a constitutively active mutant Akt1 mitigated the anti-OSCC effects induced by Gαi3 shRNA. In vivo, Gαi3 silencing significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous OSCC xenografts in nude mice, concomitant with inactivation of the Akt-mTOR pathway and induction of apoptosis. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of Gαi3 in OSCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
2-Stage and 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis show comparable short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Brandl Martin , Denz Axel , Krautz Christian , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Weber Klaus
Published: October 2024

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) represents the standard treatment for therapy-refractory, malignant or complicated ulcerative colitis (UC) and can be performed as a 2-stage or 3-stage procedure. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes after 2- and 3-stage IPAA in patients with UC in our department. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients with UC who received 2- or 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA at our institution from 2001 to 2021 was performed. Outcomes for short-term (morbidity, longer hospital stay, readmission) and long-term (pouch failure and quality of life) parameters were compared between the 2- and 3-stage procedure. Regarding short-term outcomes for all patients, in-hospital morbidity and readmission rates after any surgical stage were observed in 69% and 24%, respectively. Morbidity and readmission did not differ significantly between the 2- and 3-stage procedure in uni- and multivariate analysis. Median length of hospital stay for all stages was 17 days. The 3-stage procedure was identified as an independent factor for longer hospital stay (OR 3.8 (CI 1.3–10.8), p = 0.014). Pouch failure and failure of improved quality of life during long-term follow-up occurred both in 10% of patients, with no significant differences between the 2- and 3-stage procedure in uni- and multivariate analysis. Our data suggest that both the 2- and 3-stage proctocolectomy with IPAA demonstrate favourable and comparable postoperative short- and long-term outcomes, with a high rate of improved quality of life in patients with UC.
Shear lines trigger heavy rainfalls in the Philippines during the winter monsoon
Authors: Reyes Sheilla Mae , Lee Seungyeon , Park Seon Ki
Published: October 2024

Heavy rainfall events (HREs) occur almost throughout the year in the Philippines, with relatively limited research during the winter monsoon. This study analyzes the 20-year (2003–2022) daily precipitation from 55 rain gauges and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) from November to February. HREs are classified into three clusters by employing a cluster analysis on the most pertinent principal modes extracted from the principal component analysis. Each cluster exhibits a distinct heavy rainfall spatial pattern, mostly showing more than 50 mm/day of rainfall in the eastern part of the country. We noted that heavy rainfall in the Philippines during the winter monsoon occurs during a strong East Asian Winter Monsoon and caused by the interaction of shear line and low-level cyclonic vortex. The different location of rainfall maxima in each HRE cluster is a result of the variation of locations of the shear line and cyclonic vortex.
Global climate change below 2 °C avoids large end century increases in burned area in Canada
Authors: Curasi Salvatore R. , Melton Joe R. , Arora Vivek K. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Whaley Cynthia H.
Published: October 2024

Wildfire impacts the global carbon cycle, property, harvestable timber, and public health. Canada saw a record fire season in 2023 with 14.9 Mha burned—over seven times the 1986–2022 average of 2.1 Mha. Here we utilize a new process-based wildfire module that explicitly represents fire weather, fuel type and availability, ignition sources, fire suppression, and vegetation’s climate response to project the future of wildfire in Canada. Under rapid climate change (shared socioeconomic pathway [SSP] 370 & 585) simulated annual burned area in the 2090 s reaches 10.2 ± 2.1 to 11.7 ± 2.4 Mha, approaching the 2023 fire season total. However, climate change below a 2 °C global target (SSP126), keeps the 2090 s area burned near modern (2004–2014) norms. The simulated area burned and carbon emissions are most sensitive to climate drivers and lightning but future lightning activity is a key uncertainty.
Divergent subregional information processing in mouse prefrontal cortex during working memory
Authors: Sonneborn Alex , Bartlett Lowell , Olson Randall J. , Milton Russell , Abbas Atheir I.
Published: October 2024

Working memory (WM) is a critical cognitive function allowing recent information to be temporarily held in mind to inform future action. This process depends on coordination between prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions and other connected brain areas. However, few studies have examined the degree of functional specialization between these subregions throughout WM using electrophysiological recordings in freely-moving mice. Here we record single-units in three neighboring mouse medial PFC (mPFC) subregions—supplementary motor area (MOs), dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC), and ventromedial (vmPFC)—during a freely-behaving non-match-to-position WM task. The MOs is most active around task phase transitions, when it transiently represents the starting sample location. Dorsomedial PFC contains a stable population code, including persistent sample-location-specific firing during the delay period. Ventromedial PFC responds most strongly to reward-related information during choices. Our results reveal subregionally segregated WM computation in mPFC and motivate more precise consideration of the dynamic neural activity required for WM.
ASSIGN score and cancer risk in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) study
Authors: Fitton Catherine A. , Woodward Mark , Belch Jill JF.
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this work was to determine whether the ASSIGN cardiovascular disease (CVD) score, a 10-year CVD risk score used in primary care in Scotland, could additionally detect cancer risk.

Methods

18,107 participants were recruited to the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) study between 1982 and 1995. Information on health and lifestyle were collected, along with blood and urine, and participants were followed up via record linkage to 2017. Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate HRs (95% CIs) for time to cancer diagnosis.

Results

A total of 5046 cases of cancer were reported during the follow up period. ASSIGN was significantly associated with a diagnosis of cancer, with a 2.3–3.4% increase in risk of cancer per 1-point increase of ASSIGN. The components of ASSIGN predominantly associated with the risk of cancer were age (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.48–1.56, cholesterol level (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.08–1.13), diabetes status (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01–1.53), and systolic blood pressure (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13–1.19).

Conclusion

ASSIGN could be used not only to predict CVD, but also to predict cancer risk in patients. This needs to be validated in further cohorts.
Culprit lesion characteristics and prognosis in STEMI with cold onset: an OCT study
Authors: Sun Qianhui , Luo Xing , Yi Boling , Zhao Chen , Liu Minghao , Zeng Ming , Jia Haibo , Yu Bo
Published: October 2024

Cold temperature exposure is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, limited research has explored plaque characteristics and prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients diagnosed in cold temperatures. In the current study, 517 STEMI patients who underwent coronary optical coherence tomography examination were included and divided according to a median of the ambient temperature(11.5 °C). Our result shows that the cold temperature group exhibited higher proportions of plaque rupture, 78.1%, compared to 68.8% in the warm temperatures group. Besides, patients in the cold temperature group showed thinner minimum fibrous cap thickness (60.0 vs. 70.0 μm, p = 0.035). Furthermore, the cold temperature group showed a higher incidence rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which includes cardiac death, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure (15.7% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.041). Moreover, cold temperature exposure at the onset independently predicted MACE (HR1.83 [95%CI 1.06–3.14], p = 0.029).
Self-powered solar-blind photodetectors based on AlN/a-Ga2O3 heterojunctions with a nanocolumnar structure on various substrates
Authors: Liu Zhao , Fan Zelong , Li Wenliang , Cao Yuan , Zhang Feihong , Qin Zuoyan , Sun Zhenhua , Li Baikui , Wu Honglei
Published: October 2024

The AlN/a-Ga2O3 detector with a nanocolumnar structure shows an extremely low dark current of 3.79 fA, a responsivity of 9.17 × 10−3 A W−1 and a response time of 15 ms/0.17 ms@0 V illuminated with 254 nm UV light.
Multifunctional chitosan tailored γ-aluminum oxy-hydroxide monolith aerogels for sustained environmental remediation
Authors: Sarvalkar Prashant D. , Jagtap Anuj S. , Vadanagekar Apurva S. , Kamble Suhas S. , Tibe Arati P. , Sheikh Arif D. , Vhatkar Rajiv S. , Sharma Kiran Kumar K.
Published: October 2024

Chitosan-tailored γ-AlOOH aerogels effectively remove dyes and heavy metals from water. With high recyclability and adsorption capacity, they offer an efficient, sustainable solution for industrial wastewater treatment.
Defect-engineered graphitic carbon nitride on carbon cloth supports for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Marchiori Giacomo , Seraglia Roberta , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Maccato Chiara , Benedet Mattia , Callone Emanuela , Dirè Sandra , Gasparotto Alberto , Barreca Davide
Published: October 2024

Defect engineering of graphitic carbon nitride photoelectrocatalysts promotes the degradation of fenitrothion (FNT), a persistent organophosphate pesticide, paving the way to the development of eco-friendly platforms for wastewater purification.
Fast preparation of adhesive, anti-freezing hydrogels with strain- and magnetic-responsive conductivities
Authors: He Xinyu , Huang Xinyi , He Shuai , Zhang Wei , Li Xinhua , You Yong , Zuo Fang
Published: October 2024

Fe3O4@XLG functioned as both a physical crosslinking and a magnetic component, and the conductivity of the Ca2+-Fe3O4@XLG/SL/PAM hydrogels exhibited both strain and magnetic responsiveness.
Thiourea-based rotaxanes: anion transport across synthetic lipid bilayers and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Akhtar Nasim , Conthagamage Udyogi N. K. , Bucher Sara P. , Abdulsalam Zuliah A. , Davis Macallister L. , Beavers William N. , García-López Víctor
Published: October 2024

Rotaxane-bearing thiourea moieties selectively transport Cl− anions across lipid bilayers in liposomes and show antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
A critical review of hydrogen storage: toward the nanoconfinement of complex hydrides from the synthesis and characterization perspectives
Authors: Gebretatios Amanuel Gidey , Banat Fawzi , Cheng Chin Kui
Published: October 2024

Nanoconfining hydrides in a suitable host material using an appropriate preparation method is a promising approach to enhance their hydrogen storage properties, including kinetics, thermodynamics, and reversibility.
An asymmetric polyether sulfone membrane as an efficient separator in aluminium–graphite batteries with EMIMCl/AlCl3 electrolyte
Authors: Mukundan Charan , Lie Munich , Drillet Jean-Francois
Published: October 2024

This work demonstrates the superior performance of a 160 μm PES membrane as a separator in an aprotic aluminum–graphite battery compared to a cell with a 260 μm glass fiber separator, paving the way for further developments and market entry.
Hydroxyl group of cellulose derivatives in promoting Li+ transport mechanism in solid polymer electrolyte membrane
Authors: Sabrina Qolby , Majid Nurhalis , Lestariningsih Titik , Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Sakti Aditya Wibawa , Sugawara Akihide , Yudianti Rike , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

The incorporation of nanocellulose (NC) with cellulose derivatives, specifically hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), resulting in a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE).
Deck motion prediction using neural kernel network Gaussian process regression
Authors: QIN Peng , LUO Jianjun , MA Weihua , WU Liming
Published: October 2024

Deck motion prediction and compensation are critical technologies for carrier-based aircraft automatic landing. Traditional deck motion prediction methods rely on precision of motion models and parameter adjustments, facing challenges in adaptability to complex sea conditions, different types of carriers, changes in flight conditions, and limitations in prediction duration, as well as reliability issues. This paper proposes a deck motion prediction method based on the neural kernel network Gaussian process regression (NKN-GPR) model. The NKN-GPR model can utilize a neural kernel network (NKN) to automatically construct the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model′s composite kernel, effectively addressing the limitations of the automated kernel search (ACKS) algorithm, which heavily depends on manual prior knowledge. Simulation data is generated using a combination of sine wave and power spectrum models, and the NKN-GPR model is compared with an autoregressive (AR) model based on least squares in a simulated validation. The simulation results demonstrate that the NKN-GPR model exhibits significant advantages in motion prediction accuracy, smoothness, and prediction duration, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This study provides theoretical support for safe automatic landing of carrier-based aircraft.
Data augmentation based on highlight image models of underwater maneuvering target
Authors: LIU Xiaochun , YANG Yunchuan , HU Youfeng , YANG Xiangfeng , LI Yongsheng , XIAO Lin
Published: October 2024

With the development of underwater acoustic countermeasure technology, deep learning is applied to recognize echo geometry features of underwater targets, but it faces the problem of sample scarcity. In this paper, we improved the underwater target highlight model, and established the target echo information equation of active sonar. By changing the spatial positions of target and sonar regularly, we performed the highlight image models of underwater maneuvering targets. Taking an underwater vehicle as an example, the model construction process was introduced in detail, and highlight image models of four typical acoustic scale decoys were also established, and five multi-space state highlight image data samples were generated. The eHasNet-5 convolutional classification network was designed, and the network was trained, verified and tested with the generated data. Finally, the experimental data test shows that the target highlight image generation models provide a new data augmentation method for the application of deep learning in active sonar target recognition, and the trained network by generated data has the ability to classify two-dimensional objects.
An airborne radar sea clutter spectrum parameters estimation method based on intelligent learning
Authors: FAN Yifei , WANG Xinbao , SU Jia , TAO Mingliang , CHEN Ming , WANG Ling
Published: October 2024

Traditional airborne radar sea clutter suppression methods have a high degree of human participation and large errors in estimating the clutter power spectrum. With the development of modern signal processing and artificial intelligence, deep learning methods are used to study the sea clutter more quickly and intelligently. This paper proposes an airborne radar sea clutter spectrum parameter estimation method based on intelligent learning. It establishes a sea clutter training model based on the one-dimensional LeNet-5. Then the simulated and measured sea clutter data are input into the trained model to estimate the center and width of the power spectrum, thus realizing the direct perception of the sea clutter spectrum characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher estimation accuracy and better robustness than the traditional methods.
Paris sportifs : pratiques, marketing et régulation
Authors: Amadieu Thomas
Published: October 2024

Les paris sportifs sont devenus en quelques années un enjeu de santé publique, en France comme
dans de nombreux pays. Les connaissances sur la pratique restent toutefois parcellaires, tandis
que la prise en compte des spécificités de cette forme de jeu d’argent en termes de régulation et de
réduction des dommages est largement insuffisante. Si la pratique n’est pas nouvelle, elle prend des
formes inédites avec l’émergence du jeu en ligne. Cet article propose un état des lieux des savoirs sur
les usages problématiques des paris sportifs, en présentant les principales données sociodémographiques
relatives aux pratiquants de paris sportifs, les mécanismes psychologiques et sociaux pouvant
conduire à une pratique problématique, et les facteurs de vulnérabilité. Les pratiques marketing
des opérateurs de paris sportifs ainsi que les dommages sociaux engendrés par cette industrie font
l’objet d’une analyse. Plusieurs propositions de réduction des risques sont formulées, à la lumière des
recommandations issues de la littérature scientifique et des expérimentations menées à l’étranger.
Firsttrimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11–13+6 Weeks of Gestation – Part 1
Authors: von Kaisenberg Constantin , Kozlowski Peter , Kagan Karl-Oliver , Hoopmann Markus , Heling Kai-Sven , Chaoui Rabih , Klaritsch Philipp , Pertl Barbara , Burkhardt Tilo , Tercanli Sevgi , Frenzel Jochen , Mundlos Christine
Published: October 2024

This extensive AWMF 085-002 S2e-guideline “First Trimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11–13+6 Weeks of Gestation” has systematically analyzed high-quality studies and publications and the existing evidence (evidence tables) and produced recommendations (level of recommendation, level of evidence, strength of consensus).

This guideline deals with the following topics in the context of the 11–13+6 weeks scan: the legal basis, screening for anatomical malformations, screening for chromosomal defects, quality assessment and audit, screening for preeclampsia and FGR, screening for preterm birth, screening for abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), screening for velamentous cord insertion and vasa praevia, screening for diabetes mellitus and LGA.

Screening for complications of pregnancy can best be carried out @ 11–13+6 weeks of gestation. The issues of how to identify malformations, chromosomal abnormalities and certain disorders of placentation (high blood pressure and proteinuria, intrauterine growth retardation) have been solved. The problem of how to identify placenta percreta and vasa previa has been partially solved. What is still unsolved is how to identify disorders of glucose metabolism and preterm birth.

In the first trimester, solutions to some of these problems are available: parents can be given extensive counselling and the risk that a pregnancy complication will manifest at a later stage can be delayed and reduced. This means that screening is critically important as it helps in decision-making about the best way to manage pregnancy complications (prevention and intervals between follow-up examinations).

If no treatment is available and if a termination of pregnancy is considered, the intervention can be carried out with far lower complications compared to the second trimester of pregnancy. In most cases, further examinations are not required and the parents can be reassured. A repeat examination at around week 20 of gestation to complete the screening for malformations is recommended.

Note: The guideline will be published simultaneously in the official journals of both professional societies (i.e. Ultraschall in der Medizin/European Journal of Ultrasound for the DEGUM and Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde for the DGGG).
Effectiveness and Safety Data in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients after
Switching from Originator Rituximab to Biosimilar Rituximab
(CT-P10)
Authors: Ekin Ali , Misirci Salim , Lermi Nihal , Kutlu Nagehan Dik , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Yagız Burcu , Dalkılıç Ediz , Pehlivan Yavuz
Published: October 2024

Backgorund Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The molecule CT -P10 is a biosimilar of
rituximab used in rheumatoid arthritis and has the same safety and efficacy.

Material and methods The aim of our study was to investigate whether drug
efficacy decreases after the mandatory switch from originator rituximab to
biosimilar rituximab, whether there is an increase in disease activity indices
in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab, that could indicate
decreased efficacy, and whether the frequency of adverse events related to drug
safety remains comparable. We analysed 131 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
who received rituximab therapy between January 2010 and December 2022.These
patients were switched from the originator rituximab to biosimilar rituximab and
followed up.

Results After the switch, a statistically significant decrease in HAQ,
DAS-28-CRP, and CDAI scores was observed, while there was no increase in disease
activity in other scales. We found that the frequency of adverse events
associated with originator rituximab treatment was correlated with anti-CCP
positivity (OR=5.436; p=0.006), the presence of an infection requiring
hospitalisation (OR=3.917; p=0.012), and the duration of first rituximab
treatment (OR=1.032; p<0.001). Similarly, adverse events associated with the
use of biosimilar rituximab were associated with a history of infection
requiring hospitalisation (OR=50.762; p<0.001).There was not a statistically
significant difference between the originator and biosimilar rituximab for total
adverse events.

Conclusion Our results suggest that the use of biosimilar rituximab does
not lead to an increase in disease activity indices, indicating comparable
efficacy, and that the risk of adverse drug reactions is largely similar between
the use of original rituximab and biosimilar rituximab.
7.6.16 Turbo-Grignard Reagents and Turbo-Hauser Bases
Authors: Shi L.
Published: October 2024

One of the most significant advances in organomagnesium chemistry concerns the development and use of the “turbo-Grignard reagent” iPrMgCl•LiCl and related metalating agents, which allow entirely new and highly functionalized organomagnesium compounds to be generated in an unprecedented way. The manipulation of these reagents allows fundamental approaches to carbon–heteroatom and/or carbon–carbon bond formation and functional-group interconversions. In this review, the synthesis of such turbo-Grignard reagents and turbo-Hauser bases are summarized. In addition, their applications in the preparation of functionalized organomagnesium compounds, which are further transformed into various molecular building blocks, are covered as well.
Manufacturing of breathable, washable, and fabric-integrated squid skin-inspired thermoregulatory materials
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Leung Erica M. , Badshah Mohsin Ali , Strzelecka Aleksandra Anna , Gorodetsky Alon A.
Published: October 2024

Advanced thermal management technologies represent an important research frontier because such materials and systems show promise for enhancing personal physiological comfort and reducing building energy consumption. These technologies typically offer the advantages of excellent portability, user-friendly tunability, energy efficiency, and straightforward manufacturability, but they frequently suffer from critical challenges associated with poor breathability, inadequate wash stability, and difficult fabric integration. Within this broader context, our laboratory has previously developed heat-managing composite materials by drawing inspiration from the color-changing skin of the common squid. Herein, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of breathable, washable, and fabric-integrated variants of our composite materials, which demonstrate state-of-the-art adaptive infrared properties and dynamic thermoregulatory functionalities. The combined findings directly advance the performance and applications scope of our bioinspired thermoregulatory composites and ultimately may guide the incorporation of desirable multifunctionality into other wearable technologies.
Nonlocal combined nonlinear Schrödinger–Gerdjikov–Ivanov model: Integrability, Riemann–Hilbert problem with simple and double poles, Cauchy problem with step-like initial data
Authors: Hu Bei-Bei , Zhang Ling , Shen Zu-Yi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose three new types of the integrable nonlocal combined nonlinear Schrödinger–Gerdjikov–Ivanov (NLS-GI) models. By the Riemann–Hilbert approach, we discuss the Cauchy problem of the reverse-space-time nonlocal combined NLS-GI model with step-like initial data: u(z, 0) = o(1) for z → −∞ and u(z, 0) = A + o(1) for z → +∞, where A is an arbitrary positive constant. First of all, we give an integrable nonlocal combined NLS-GI model and its Lax pair. Then, we consider the analytical and asymptotic behaviors, symmetries, and scattering matrix of the Jost solutions. Finally, we discuss the Cauchy problem for the nonlocal combined NLS-GI model with step-like initial data.
A liquid metal diffusion measurement technique integrating the x-ray radiography and multi-slice sliding cell
Authors: Hu J. L. , Wang P. , Jia Y. H. , Fang Z. Ch. , Huang F. Q. , Guo J. , Zhang B.
Published: October 2024

For measuring melt diffusion with in situ and high accuracy, this paper proposes a multi-slice sliding radiography technique. This technique combines the multi-sliding cell technique and x-ray radiography and inherits the advantages of both. It not only visualizes the diffusion process but is also suitable for the diffusion coefficient measurement of systems with low or even no absorption contrast. In addition, by introducing isotopes, self-diffusion and interdiffusion can, in principle, be measured simultaneously with high precision. The details related to the design of this technique and the experiments are reported in this paper. Reliability and validity of this technique are demonstrated by its measurements in Al80Cu20 melt.
Modeling and analysis of non-circumferential symmetric permanent magnet spherical motor using genetic algorithm-based torque map method
Authors: Zhou Sili , Li Guoli , Wang Qunjing , Lou Jiachuan , Li Haolin , Xu Jiazi
Published: October 2024

A permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSpM) is a typical multiple-degree-of-freedom apparatus. This paper proposes a torque map-based torque model and its counterpart using a genetic algorithm for the PMSpM with non-circumferential symmetric permanent magnets. The basic structure and operating principle of the PMSpM under study are presented. The analytic model of the 3D magnetic field is researched using the spherical harmonic method. The magnetic field model is verified via finite element method (FEM) analysis and an experiment of radial magnetic flux density. The analytic torque model is formulated using the Lorentz force method. The torque maps are established according to the principle, and the torque map-based torque model originates from the maps. FEM and the experimental results prove the correctness of the torque map-based torque model, and real-time performance of the torque model is also estimated. To solve the coil current calculation difficulty, the genetic algorithm is introduced for establishing the reversal torque model; MATLAB simulation is conducted for the convergence speed of the reversal torque model; and the real-time performance is studied on Qt 5.14/C++ upper software.
Effect of side ratio on the two-degrees-of-freedom vortex-induced vibrations of the rectangular cross section model
Authors: Zhu Yuzhe , Chen Fubin , Duan Yiqin , Li Qiusheng , Li Yi
Published: October 2024

The effect of the mutative side ratio (D/B) on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) characteristic, aerodynamic characteristics, and the surrounding time-averaged and transient flow field of a rectangular cross section model were simulated numerically. Based on Fluent 19.0 platform, overset grid technology and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method were used at Re 22 000. First, a rectangular cross section model with D/B = 0.25 was selected, and the simulation method and parameter settings were validated against previous literatures. The subsequent analysis compared and evaluated the effect of side ratio on the VIV response by focusing on statistical values of aerodynamic force coefficients, self-spectra, amplitude ratio, motion trajectory, and phase transition changes for stream-wise and cross-flow directions. Moreover, the study examined the influence of different models at different reduced velocities (Ur) on wake vortex-shedding. The findings suggest that, within a fixed cross-sectional area, a smaller side ratio leads to a weaker VIV characteristic and notably lower aerodynamic performance compared to a larger side ratio. The vortex-shedding mode of the rectangular cross section, particularly with a large side ratio, is less sensitive to changes in Ur compared to the standard square cylinder. An examination of the Reynolds number (Re) effect on the minimum and maximum side ratio models reveals that it has a more pronounced impact on the aerodynamic performance and VIV of the cross-flow when compared to in-line flow. In general, it is noted that larger side ratio model exhibits a stronger sensitivity to the variation of Re.
Effect of surface tension and viscosity on the collision behavior between an upward flying droplet and a sessile droplet in an acoustic droplet ejection system
Authors: Guo Qing , Zhang Jialu , Li Dachao , Yu Haixia
Published: October 2024

The stable coalescence of upward flying droplets on the target substrate is a fundamental requirement during the application process of the acoustic droplet ejection system. However, the liquid properties significantly affect the droplet collision dynamics behavior during high-throughput liquid transfer. This study investigated the impact mechanisms of surface tension and viscosity on the collision behavior of upward flying droplets. The results show that four different outcomes occur as the droplet collision velocity increases: coalescence after minor deformation, complete rebound, coalescence accompanied by conglutination, and direct coalescence. Moreover, as the surface tension decreases to a certain extent, it will lead to partial rebound with conglutination. A theoretical model was developed to calculate the maximum spreading diameter based on the law of conservation of energy, which allowed for an examination of how liquid properties affect the dimensionless parameters associated with direct coalescence. During the calculation of the maximum diameter, it was found that the higher the surface tension or the lower the viscosity of the liquid, the less viscous dissipation energy occurs in the droplet coalescence process. The decrease in energy dissipation increases the probability of direct coalescence taking place. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental observations of the binary droplet collision behavior, we have initially established a connection between the ideal droplet collision outcomes, particularly direct coalescence, and input power (or velocity). It can provide a reliable method that can be referenced for achieving efficient coalescence across various liquid types under given experimental conditions.
Growth characteristics of the mean shear layer in pipe bends with and without a guide vane
Authors: Kok F. , Myose R.
Published: October 2024

The growth characteristics of two identical pipe bends with and without a guide vane are investigated by means of large eddy simulation. The two pipe bends, with a radius of curvature slightly above the separation threshold, are subjected to two fully developed upstream flow conditions, with a corresponding Reynolds number of 11 700 and 24 000. A precursor computation method is employed to provide the fully developed turbulence inflow conditions for all cases. The growth of the mean shear layer in this work is characterized by the local momentum thickness, which measures the extent of momentum deficit confined under the mean shear layer. For both pipe bends, the initial growth of momentum thickness is observed in the first quarter of the bend. The onset location is almost independent of the Reynolds numbers. However, a clear Reynolds number dependence is observed in the onset magnitude, which strongly defines the growth rate thereafter. By examining the mean momentum balance in the bend section, the results show that rather than the adverse pressure gradient, the overall growth characteristics of the mean shear layer, which include the onset location and the growth rate, are better described by the balance between the centrifugal force and the radial pressure gradient. This balance manifests itself as a change in the swirling intensity of the secondary flow. The presence of guide vane significantly suppresses the swirling intensity in the bend section, leading to a noticeable reduction in the overall momentum thickness growth and the production of turbulence in the flow downstream of the bend. Further inspection also indicates that the initial mechanism leading to the suppression of separation at the inner bend is linked to the increasing dominance of the small vortices at the near-wall vicinity relative to the local adverse pressure gradient. Certain aspects pertaining to the turbulent statistics are also discussed.
Near infrared to vacuum ultraviolet optical properties of GdScO3
Authors: Dulal Prabin , Amonette Emily , Sotir Dylan , Barone Matthew R. , Ramanujam Balaji , Shan Ambalanath , Schlom Darrell G. , Podraza Nikolas J.
Published: October 2024

Generalized ellipsometry measurements are used to extract the complex dielectric function (ε=ε1+iε2) spectra of GdScO3 single crystals over the 0.7–8.5 eV photon energy range. GdScO3 is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a high dielectric constant, and potential applications include replacing SiO2 in silicon-based transistors and as an epitaxial substrate for thin film growth. This work presents the anisotropic optical properties for electric fields oscillating parallel to the a-, b-, and c-crystallographic axes. A direct bandgap is identified at 6.44 eV along the direction parallel to the a-axis, with additional critical points observed at 6.74 and 7.42 eV in the same direction. Additional above gap critical point transitions are found at 6.72, 7.31, and 7.96 along the direction parallel to the b-axis and 6.83 and 8.00 eV along the direction parallel to the c-axis.
Realizing smart scanning transmission electron microscopy using high performance computing
Authors: Pratiush Utkarsh , Houston Austin , Kalinin Sergei V. , Duscher Gerd
Published: October 2024

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) coupled with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) presents a powerful platform for detailed material characterization via rich imaging and spectroscopic data. Modern electron microscopes can access multiple length scales and sampling rates far beyond human perception and reaction time. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) offer a promising avenue to enhance these capabilities by integrating ML algorithms into the STEM-EELS framework, fostering an environment of active learning. This work enables the seamless integration of STEM with High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. This integration is facilitated by our developed server software, written in Python, which acts as a wrapper over DigitalMicrograph (version 3.5) hardware modules to enable remote computer interactions. We present several implemented workflows that exemplify this integration. These workflows include sophisticated techniques such as object finding and deep kernel learning. Through these developments, we demonstrate how the fusion of STEM-EELS with ML and HPC enhances the efficiency and scope of material characterization for all of STEM available globally having Gatan, Inc. image filter installed on them. The codes are available on GitHub.