bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatitis atopi pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan kelahiran RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dengan riwayat atopi keluarga antara bulan Desember 2015-Januari 2016
Authors: Nugraha Made Bandem Kenny Wijaya , Kumara Wati Ketut Dewi , Kardana I Made
Published: December 2022

Atopy disease is a genetic predisposition to develop any allergies in person. The example of atopic disease is atopic dermatitis, a chronic residual skin disorder that often occurs in infancy to children with itching, redness, and vesicles on the skin as its symptoms. The causes of atopic dermatitis are a family history of atopy, age, and environmental factors. If the parent or the family has a history of atopy, there will be a chance for the child to has dermatitis atopy in the next time.Aim: This study aims to determine the role of family history in atopy dermatitis’s incidence in infants aged 0-12 months.Method: Total sampling method used in the study obtained 39 samples with a family history of atopy. Anamnesis was conducted to determine the history of atopy which is owned by the samples.Result: It showed that 22 samples had atopy dermatitis and 17 samples didn’t have atopy dermatitis.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that family history of atopy has a role in atopy dermatitis’s incidence in infants aged 0-12 months. Penyakit atopi merupakan salah satu penyakit genetik yang mengembangkan suatu alergi pada individu. Contoh dari penyakit atopi adalah dermatitis atopi, yaitu penyakit kulit kronik residif yang umumnya terjadi saat usia bayi hingga anak-anak dengan gejala berupa rasa gatal, kemerahan, serta terbentuknya vesikel pada kulit. Pencetus munculnya dermatitis atopi adalah faktor riwayat atopi pada keluarga, faktor usia, dan faktor lingkungan. Apabila orang tua atau keluarga memiliki riwayat atopi, maka semakin besar kemungkinan untuk anak mengalami dermatitis atopi dikemudian hari.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran riwayat atopi yang dimiliki keluarga terhadap kejadian dermatitis atopi pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan.Metode: Dari total sampling diperoleh 39 sampel dengan riwayat atopi. Anamesis dilakukan untuk mengetahui riwayat atopi yang dimiliki sampel.Hasil: Hasil anamnesis mendapatkan 22 sampel mengalami dermatitis atopi dan 17 sampel tidak mengalami dermatitis atopi.Simpulan: Riwayat atopi keluarga memiliki peran terhadap kejadian dermatitis atopi pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan.
Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada penderita parkinson di Poli Saraf RSUD Wangaya Denpasar tahun 2017
Authors: Wikandikta I Putu Gede , Samatra Dewa Putu Gde Purwa , Meidiary Anak Agung Ayu
Published: December 2022

Background: Parkinson's disease is one of the major causes of disability in the field of neurology and also the disease is chronic progressive. This disease is caused by the lack of dopamine levels in the body, especially the brain. Parkinson's disease affects a small part of the midbrain called susbstantia nigra. Parkinson's disease usually begins between the ages of 50 and 65, affecting about 1% of the entire population. Total cases of deaths from Parkinson's disease in Indonesia are ranked 12th in the world or 5th in Asia, with a prevalence of 1100 deaths in 2002.Aim: This research aimed to know the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson Disease in Neurology Poly of RSUD Wangaya Denpasar.Method: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects was 61 patients diagnosed with Parkinson Disease and did the treatment in Neurology Poly of RSUD Wangaya Denpasar from January 1, 2017, until December 31, 2017. This research is using primary data from the interview.Results and Conclusion: Patients suffered Parkinson’s disease was 45.9% in 61 - 70 age group; 60.7% men; educational background of subjects was 62.3% senior high school; 36.1% private employee; 85.2% subjects had sleep disorders; 54.1% subjects had insomnia; ; 72.1% subjects didn’t have RLS;  82% subjects didn’t have EDS; 91.8% subjects didn’t have Nocturia. Latar Belakang: Penyakit Parkinson adalah salah satu penyebab utama disabilitas di bidang neurologi dan juga penyakit ini bersifat kronik progresif. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya kadar dopamine dalam tubuh khususnya otak. Penyakit Parkinson memengaruhi bagian kecil dari otak tengah yang bernama susbstantia nigra. Penyakit Parkinson biasanya dimulai antara usia 50 dan 65, menyerang sekitar 1 % dari seluruh populasi. Total kasus kematian akibat penyakit Parkinson di Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-12 di dunia atau peringkat ke-5 di Asia, dengan prevalensi mencapai 1100 kematian pada tahun 2002.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi munculnya gangguan tidur pada penderita Parkinson di Poli Saraf  Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Denpasar tahun 2017.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 61 pasien yang terdiagnosis menderita Parkinson dan melakukan pengobatan di Poli Saraf RSUD Wangaya Denpasar pada rentang waktu 1 Januari 2017 s.d. 31 Desember 2017. Data penelitian adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Pasien Parkinson terbanyak yaitu 45,9%  berusia 61-70 tahun; 60,7% berjenis kelamin laki-laki; 62,3% memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA; 36,1% pegawai swasta; 85,2% mengalami gangguan tidur; 54,1% mengalami insomnia; 72,1% tidak mengalami RLS; 82% tidak mengalami EDS; 91,8% tidak mengalami nokturia.
Faktor determinan kematian ibu di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2016
Authors: Hamdanillah Rela , Suardika Anom , Darmayasa Made , Manuaba Ida Bagus Gde Fajar
Published: December 2022

Background: Maternal mortality is the death of women during pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery, whether associated with pregnancy or complications exacerbated by pregnancy and not related to incidental causes. Maternal mortality is a critical indicator in assessing the level of wellbeing and public health status. The risk of maternal death is divided into three such as remote determinants, intermediate determinants, and acute clinical determinants.Aim: This study aims to determine the determinant factors as a role player in maternal mortality at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2016.Method: This research is cross-sectional descriptive research conducted at RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. The sample of the study was all mothers died at Sanglah Hospital during the year 2016. The data obtained in the form of patient medical record data. Data were analyzed by descriptive methods.Result and Conclusion: The maternal mortality caused by the remoted determinant factors which were the highest in the maternal group with 9-12 years of education (77.3%) and the working mother group (54.5%). On the intermediate determinant, the highest is at age 20-35 years (81.8%), with parity 2-3 (63.6%), 2-10 year of gestational distance (54.5%), the most top obstetric factors are preeclampsia/eclampsia (27.2%), but the nonobstetric cause is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Kematian ibu adalah kematian wanita selama masa kehamilan atau dalam kurun waktu 42 hari setelah melahirkan, baik yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan maupun komplikasi yang diperburuk oleh masa kehamilan, serta tidak berhubungan dengan penyebab incidental. Angka kematian ibu merupakan indikator penting dalam menilai tingkat kesejahteraan dan status kesehatan masyarakat. Faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kematian ibu secara garis besar dapat kelompokkan menjadi penyebab obstetrik dan penyebab non obstetrik. Menurut McCarthy dan Maine, risiko kematian ibu dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu, determinan jauh, determinan antara dan determinan dekat.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor determinan yang berperan dalam kematian ibu di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2016.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional yang dilakukan di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Sampel penelitian adalah semua ibu meninggal di RSUP Sanglah selama tahun 2016. Data yang diperoleh berupa data rekam medis pasien, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Kematian ibu yang disebabkan karena faktor determinan yang tertinggi yaitu pada kelompok ibu dengan pendidikan 9-12 tahun (36,4%) dan kelompok ibu yang bekerja (54,5%). Pada faktor determinan antara yang tertinggi yaitu pada usia 20-35 tahun (81,8%), dengan paritas 2-3 (63,6%), jarak kehamilan 2-10 tahun (54,5%), faktor penyebab obstetrik yang tertinggi adalah preeklampsia/eklampsia (27,2%), namun secara garis besar penyebab non obstetrik merupakan penyebab utama kematian ibu.
Profil efek samping minor pada penggunaan OAT Kategori I pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Sanglah Oktober 2017 – Februari 2018
Authors: Gunawan Gusti Ngurah Bagus Wira , Mahendra Agung Nova , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra
Published: December 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is one of the countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Indonesia adopted DOTS as TB control with the use of OAT. Long-term treatment with OAT can cause mild or severe side effects.Aim: This research aimed to determine the minor side effects profile of ATT category I in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Pulmonary Poly of RSUP Sanglah.Methods: This research was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 35 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and did treatment in Pulmonary Poly of RSUP Sanglah from October 1, 2017, until January 31, 2018. This research is using primary data the questionnaire that has been validated and then adopted by the authors and secondary data using medical records obtained at Pulmonary Poly of RSUP Sanglah.Results and Conclusion: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 94.3% experience sweat or urine in orange; 54.3% experienced nausea with or without vomiting, and 48.6% experienced no appetite. Adults experienced 3 to 4 minor side effects.  Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Salah satu negara yang memiliki angka kejadian tuberkulosis yang cukup tinggi adalah Indonesia. Indonesia mengadopsi DOTS sebagai penanggulangan TB dengan penggunaan OAT. Pengobatan jangka panjang dengan OAT dapat menimbulkan efek samping yang ringan ataupun berat.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil efek samping minor penggunaan OAT kategori 1 pada pasien TB paru di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Sanglah.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 35 pasien yang terdiagnosis menderita tuberkulosis paru dan melakukan pengobatan di Poli Paru RSUP Sanglah pada rentang waktu 1 Juli 2017 s.d. 31 Januari 2018. Data penelitian adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuisioner yang sudah tervalidasi dan kemudian diadaptasi oleh penulis dan data sekunder yang menggunkan Rekam Medis yang diperoleh di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Sanglah.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien TB paru mengalami keringat atau urin berwarna oranye (94,3%), mual dengan atau tanpa disertai muntah (54,3%), dan mengalami tidak nafsu makan (48,6%). Lalu responden kategori umur dewasa mengalami 3 sampai 4 efek samping minor.
Hubungan antara osteopontin dengan rasio Ca : Mg dan nilai Ca X P: Studi pada penderita penyakit ginjal tahap akhir
Authors: Barliyan Muh Agus , Samsuria Indranila Kustarini , Rahayu Muji
Published: December 2022

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) can impair mineral metabolisms in the human body, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphate (P). Osteopontin is released by the kidneys and inhibits vascular calcification. Examination of the Ca:Mg ratio and Ca x P product in ESRD to see vascular calcification complications and is considered better than a single examination.Objective: To analyze the correlation of osteopontin levels with the ratio of Ca: Mg and product Ca x P in ESRD patients.Methods: Analytic observational study with cross sectional approach was conducted in February-June 2019 involving 30 ESRD patients while hemodialysis at Permata Medika Hospital in Semarang with consecutive sampling. They were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels were measured using K lite cornley with the Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) method. The Ca:Mg ratio and Ca x P product were calculated manually. Osteopontin levels were measured using the ELISA method. Correlation using Spearman test with p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The median Ca:Mg ratio was 4.63 (3.27 - 5.58) and the Ca x P product was 58.26 mg2/dl2 (19.53 - 111.24). Correlation of osteopontin with Ca:Mg ratio and Ca x P product are respectively with r=0.370 (p=0.044) and with r=0.406 (p=0.026).Conclusion: Osteopontin is correlated to the level of Ca:Mg ratio and Ca x P product in ESRD patients.  Latar belakang: Penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA) dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme mineral, seperti kalsium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), dan fosfat (P). Osteopontin yang dikeluarkan oleh ginjal berfungsi menghambat kalsifikasi vaskuler. Pemeriksaan rasio Ca:Mg dan nilai Ca x P pada PGTA untuk melihat komplikasi kearah kalsifikasi pembuluh darah dan dianggap lebih baik daripada pemeriksaan tunggal.Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi kadar osteopontin dengan rasio Ca:Mg dan nilai Ca x P pada pasien PGTA.Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2019 melibatkan 30 pasien PGTA saat melakukan hemodialisis di RS Permata Medika Semarang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Kadar kalsium, magnesium dan fosfat diukur menggunakan alat K lite cornley dengan metode Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) dan rasio Ca:Mg dan Ca x P dihitung manual. Pemeriksaan kadar osteopontin menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis statistika menggunakan uji Spearman dengan p<0,05 dianggap bermakna.Hasil: Hasil median rasio Ca:Mg adalah 4,63 (3,27 – 5,58) dan nilai Ca x P adalah  58,26 mg2/dl2 (19,53 – 111,24). Korelasi osteopontin dengan rasio Ca:Mg dan nilai Ca x P berturut-turut adalah r= 0,370 (p=0,044) dan r=0,406 (p=0,026).Simpulan: Kadar osteopontin berkorelasi dengan rasio Ca:Mg dan nilai Ca x P pada pasien PGTA.
Tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua tentang penyakit diare dan penanganannya pada anak balita di Pandu D’Care
Authors: Tangkas Made Refika Widya Apsari , Nesa Ni Nyoman Metriani , Mayangsari Ayu Setyorini Mestika , Hartawan Nyoman Budi
Published: December 2022

Background: Diarrhea is an increased frequency of defecation, 3 times or more a day, with changes in the consistency of the stool which become loose to watery. World Health Organization (WHO) states that there are 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea annually and responsible for 525,000 deaths in children each year.Aim: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of parents regarding early treatment of diarrhea of toddlers in D’Care Pandu Child Care Center in January 2019.Method: This study was a cross-sectional observational study. Research subjects consisted of 47 parents who entrust their children to be taken care at the D'Care Pandu Child Care Center. Subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of parents regarding diarrheal disease and its management.Results: Most parents had good knowledge about diarrhea (66%). Most respondent had good attitude level (66%) and moderate level of parental behavior (52%).Conclusion: There were adequate knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of parents related to diarrhea problems in children. Diare adalah meningkatnya frekuensi defekasi yaitu 3 kali atau lebih dalam sehari, dengan perubahan konsistensi tinja menjadi lebih lembek hingga cair. World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan bahwa terdapat 1,7 milyar kasus diare pertahun secara global dengan angka kematian pada anak sebesar 525.000 tiap tahunnya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, serta perilaku orangtua dalam penanganan awal diare pada balita di Tempat Penitipan Anak Pandu D’Care.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan potong-lintang. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 47 orangtua yang menitipkan anaknya di TPA Pandu D’Care pada Januari 2019. Subyek diminta mengisi kuisioner untuk mendapatkan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan, sikap serta perilaku orangtua tentang penyakit diare dan penanganannya.Hasil: tingkat pengetahuan orangtua mengenai diare sebagian besar adalah baik (66%). Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat sikap yang baik (66%) dan didapatkan dominansi perilaku orangtua dalam tingkatan sedang yaitu sebesar 52%.Simpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan cukup adekuatnya pengetahuan serta sikap dan perilaku orang tua terkait permasalahan diare pada anak.
Cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis in a ten-year-old-boy: a case report
Authors: Lidia Carissa , Putra I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya , Karyana I Putu Gede , Nesa Ni Nyoman Metriani , Darmajaya I Made , Ariyanta Kadek Deddy
Published: December 2022

Background: Cholelithiasis in children is uncommon and challenging to diagnose because the patient is often asymptomatic and the clinical feature doesn't clearly depict cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. This case study aims to describe a rare case of cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis in a ten-year-old boy.Case Presentation: A ten-year-old boy presented with umbilical pain, nausea, and emesis. Physical examination showed there is no tenderness in all abdominal quadrants with a negative Murphy sign. Laboratory results revealed elevated white blood cell count 20.42x103/?L, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate 47.2 mm/hour, normal liver function tests, urine, and stool analysis. He underwent transabdominal ultrasound twice. The latest transabdominal ultrasound showed cholelithiasis, free fluid around the pelvic region due to suspected visceral organ perforation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed without complication. The result of pathology anatomy examination was chronic cholecystitis. The patient was discharged 3 days after surgery in good condition. The long-term prognosis of the patient was good.Conclusion: Even though the patient is male with good nutritional status (not obese), the patient was in the mean age that was identified as a key contributor to this disease. Ultrasonography examination is a screening modality that is still an excellent diagnostic tool with 95% accuracy even though it is highly operator dependent. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a gold standard for management even in children with decreased pain and shorter lengths of stay in the hospital.
Prevalensi dan komplikasi pada penderita gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2018
Authors: Utami Ida Ayu Ari , Santhi Desak Gede Diah Dharma , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi
Published: December 2022

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney failure in Australia, Japan and Europe is 6-11%, increased relatively about 5-8% per year. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the prevalence of chronic kidney failure is 0.2% of total. Only 60% of patients with chronic kidney failure had dialysis therapy.Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of patients with chronic kidney failure who do hemodialysis at RSUP Sanglah and to determine the description of complications in patients with chronic kidney failure who do hemodialysis at RSUP Sanglah.Method: This was a categorical descriptive study looking at medical records of chronic renal failure patients do hemodialysis at RSUP Sanglah in 2018 with a sample of 45 patients who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample consisted of chronic kidney failure patients do hemodialysis and complications.Results and conclusion: There were 16 patients with chronic renal failure do hemodialysis at RSUP Sanglah and there were complications consisting of complications of hypertension, hyperuremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and anemia. Prevalensi gagal ginjal kronik di negara Australia, Jepang dan Eropa adalah 6 – 11%, terjadi peningkatan 5 – 8% pertahun. Sedangkan, di Indonesia terdapat prevalensi gagal ginjal kronik 0,2% dari penduduk di Indonesia. Hanya 60% dari pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani terapi dialisis.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui prevalensi pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang melakukan hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah dan untuk mengetahui gambaran komplikasi pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang melakukan hemodialisis di RSUP Sanglah.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kategorik melihat dari catatan rekam medis pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Sanglah pada tahun 2018 dengan sampel sebanyak 45 pasien yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis dan terdapat komplikasi.Hasil dan simpulan: Terdapat 16 pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Sanglah dan terdapat komplikasi yang terdiri dari komplikasi hipertensi, hiperuremia, hiperkalemia, asidosis metabolik dan anemia.
Gastroschisis: five cases after primary closure at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Kristianti Nyoman Gina Henny , Artana I Wayan Darma , Kardana I Made , Putra Putu Junara , Sukmawati Made , Ariyanta Kadek Deddy , Darmajaya Made
Published: December 2022

Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital anterior abdominal wall defect characterized by intra-abdominal organs evisceration without covering the membrane. Several risk factors affect the outcome of a gastroschisis patient. Considering these risk factors might also increase the chance of better prognosis and survival. We report five neonates with gastroschisis after primary closure in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, in 2017. This case series aims to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of different babies with gastroschisis managed by primary closure surgery.Case Presentation: Four of our cases were detected during pregnancy with fetal gastroschisis at the age of 32, 19, 23, 25 weeks of gestation, respectively. We reserve cesarean delivery for the patient who did antenatal care in our hospital, but one of our patients was born by spontaneous labor due to lack of antenatal care. Four cases had the primary closure of less than 2 hours and one of them after 10 hours. Good outcome was found in three cases that started enteral feeding on the 7th day after post closure. Other cases started oral feeding on the 3rd day and 12th day—both of them shown poor outcomes. Three cases survive, but two others died because of sepsis.Conclusion: We found poor outcomes in both cases, which neonatal sepsis as a significant cause. One of our cases with poor outcome was referred from another hospital without antenatal care and had a long duration of entering the operating room. Diagnosing these babies in their early prenatal period and transferring them to an experienced medical centre containing multidisciplinary working facilities will contribute to both the mother and the baby's health.
Koagulopati pada Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Willim Herick Alvenus , Hardigaloeh Amanda Trixie , Supit Alice Inda , Handriyani Handriyani
Published: December 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has spread globally and become a new pandemic. Although the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 mainly affected the respiratory system, coagulopathy often occurs in the severe cases and is associated with increased mortality. This literature review aims to provide a review of coagulopathy in COVID-19.Methods: This literature review involved 52 relevant literature about coagulopathy and COVID-19. Different data sources or manual literature search methods used to find articles related to the topic of literature.Results: COVID-19 can trigger cytokine storms and systemic hyperinflammation which cause increased activation of coagulation and resulting in hypercoagulability. Hypercoagulability state in COVID-19 increases the risk of thrombosis and thromboembolism, particularly venous thromboembolism. Prophylactic anticoagulants can prevent thromboembolic events and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy.Conclusion: The hypercoagulation state in COVID-19 can increase the risk of complications from thrombosis and thromboembolism, especially venous thromboembolism. Increased D-dimers are a marker of coagulopathy that is often found in patients with severe COVID-19 and is associated with disease severity. Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit infeksi akibat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 telah menyebar secara global dan menjadi pandemi baru. Walaupun manifestasi klinis COVID-19 terutama mengenai sistem respirasi, koagulopati seringkali terjadi pada kasus berat dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan mortalitas. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ulasan mengenai koagulopati pada COVID-19.Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini melibatkan 52 literatur yang relevan tentang koagulopati dan COVID-19. Sumber data yang berbeda atau metode pencarian literatur manual digunakan untuk mencari artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik literatur.Hasil: COVID-19 dapat memicu terjadinya badai sitokin dan hiperinflamasi sistemik yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan aktivasi koagulasi dan mengakibatkan hiperkoagulasi. Keadaan hiperkoagulasi pada COVID-19 meningkatkan risiko terjadinya trombosis dan tromboemboli, terutama tromboemboli vena. Antikoagulan profilaksis dapat mencegah kejadian tromboemboli dan meningkatkan prognosis pada pasien COVID-19 dengan koagulopati.Kesimpulan: Keadaan hiperkoagulasi pada COVID-19 dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi trombosis dan tromboemboli, terutama tromboemboli vena. Peningkatan D-dimer merupakan penanda koagulopati yang sering ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19 berat dan berhubungan dengan keparahan penyakit.
Purple Urinary Bag Syndrome (PUBS) in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) with long-term indwelling urinary catheter use: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wiratma Made Kresna Yudhistira , Octavia Putu Dewi , Hutauruk Eric Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Background: PUBS is one of the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection. This condition often leads patients, patients’ families, and medical workers to worrisome. Metabolism of tryptophan and infection of sulfatase and phosphatase - producing bacteria is the most acceptable pathogenesis explaining PUBS. Many risk factors are underlying this condition, including long-term use of indwelling urinary catheters, constipation, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and bedridden patients. This case study aims to evaluate the recent treatment of supporting factors in treating the underlying urinary infection.Case Presentation: We presented a case report of a 67year-old man with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and long-term use of indwelling urinary catheter who complained of purple discoloration of urine a day prior to Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) surgery. The patient complained of no fever and pain while urinating and having no history of the same complaint and other diseases. In addition, the patient has diagnosed with BPH and Urinary Tract Infection. The administration of Cefazolin 2 grams dosage was given before the TURP procedure, and the following procedure continued.Conclusion: PUBS is a rare clinical course alarming the urinary tract infection. Appropriate treatment by Cefazolin 2 grams dosage following by TURP shows a favorable outcome in this case study.
Hubungan antara status nutrisi dan kualitas hidup pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Wangaya, Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Prabhaswari Lindia , Werdi I Gede Sadu Pratama , Sunaka I Wayan
Published: December 2022

Background: Quality of life is an important consideration in managing patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A number of factors are known to influence Quality of life in a patient with CKD, one of them is nutrition. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and Quality of life in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at Wangaya Regional Hospital, Denpasar, from August to September 2020. Fifty-seven hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this study. Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form-36 (KDQoL SF-36) questionnaires were used to assess nutritional status and Quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 for Windows, where a p-value of less than 0,05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of the total 57 subjects, the mean age was 50.12±13.1 years, with 68.4% male. The mean MIS score was 3.05±1.8, while the mean KDQoL score was 73.7±13.4. Pearson test found a significantly strong negative correlation between nutritional status and Quality of life (r=-0,784; p<0,001).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and Quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Wangaya Regional Hospital, Denpasar.  Latar Belakang: Kualitas hidup merupakan hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam menangani pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK). Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien PGK adalah nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara status nutrisi dan kualitas hidup pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis rutin.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional yang dilakukan di RSUD Wangaya Denpasar pada bulan Agustus-September 2020. Subjek penelitian adalah 67 pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis rutin. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) dan kidney disease quality of life short form-36 (KDQoL SF-36). Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows dimana nilai p<0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik.Hasil: Rerata usia subjek adalah 50,12±13,1 tahun, dengan 68,4% subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Rerata skor MIS subjek adalah 3,05±1,8, sedangkan rerata skor KDQoL adalah 73,7±13,4. Uji korelasi pearson menunjukkan korelasi negatif kuat antara skor MIS dan skor KDQoL (nilai r=-0,784 dan nilai p<0,001).  Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status nutrisi dan kualitas hidup pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis rutin di RSUD Wangaya, Denpasar.
Refractive lens exchange on keratoconus patient: a case report
Authors: Buddyman Ivane Jessica , Pemayun Cokorda Istri Dewiyani , Handayani Ariesanti Tri
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Keratoconus is a vision disorder that occurs when the cornea becomes thin and irregularly (cone) shaped. Instead of being focused correctly on the retina, this abnormal shape causes the light entering the eye to improperly refracted and manifested as a distortion of vision. Refractive Lens Exchange is one type of Invasive therapy in Keratoconus. Here we describe a case of Keratoconus managed by the Refractive Lens Exchange procedure in our Center.Case Description. A male, 25 years old, visited the clinic due to blurry vision since ten years ago. Every six months or a year, he needs to adjust his lens power. Ophthalmology examination found visual acuity in the right eye was 2/60 PH 6/60, and if using S-9.00, visual acuity improved to 6/30. Meanwhile, visual acuity in the left eye was 1/60 PH 6/60 and if using S–11.75, visual acuity improved to 6/48. Corneal topography supports the finding of Keratoconus. Management for this patient was Refractive Lens Exchange + Intraocular Lens + Capsular Tension Ring. Initially, This  advised was differ from the patient expectation, as he wanted a LASIK procedure. An important reminder was given, that Keratoconus is contraindicated for LASIK and any corneal surface ablation procedure. After series of procedure, the VA of the right eye was 6/15 PH 6/6, with C - 4.00 x 1800 VA became 6/6. VA left eye was 6/18 PH 6/9, with C - 4,00 x 1800 VA became 6/9. Binocular vision was 6/6. For near vision, S +3.00 was added for both eyes.Conclusions. Refractive Lens Exchange + Intraocular lens implantation is effective and safe procedures to treat high myopia in keratoconus cornea.
Fistulectomy in a 9-years old boy with pre-auricular fistula
Authors: Pradnyana Putri Komang Soniananda , Indrayani Luh Witari
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Preauricular fistule is a congenital malformation of the six auditory hillocks during the development of auricle. It mostly appears like a small pit close to the first ascending portion of the helix's anterior margin. The sebaceous glands secreted fluid through the opening of the fistule. Surgery is needed if the discharge is prolonged or if there was a repeated infection. It must be completely removed to prevent a recurrence. Accuracy is required in performing fistulectomy and aesthetics because the operation is in the area around the face.Case description: Male patient, 9 years old, complained of itching in the right ear. Since birth, the patient has an abnormal hole (fistule) in front of his right ear, anterior of the medial supra auricle helix, round and the size of a tip of the pencil. The mother has the same history. There is an abscess near that hole that secretes yellow pus. That occurred twice this year and it has greatly disturbed the patient's activities at school. The patient was diagnosed with a preauricular fistula with an abscess in the right ear. An abscess drainage incision was performed and an antibiotic was given. Fistulectomy is performed after the acute infection subsides under general anesthesia. The patient underwent a simple fistulectomy surgery. The whole track and sinus were removed, the defect was undermined and sutured.Conclusion: A simple fistulectomy is a good option as a standard procedure for preauricular fistula excision. It is especially useful as an alternative in cases where the other approaches are difficult to be performed.
Tonsillectomy indication in adult with chronic tonsillitis: a case report
Authors: Putri Komang Soniananda Pradnyana
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Tonsils are the body's defense against viruses or bacterial antigens that enter the tonsils. These pathogens can cause inflammation and formed focal infection. Either persistent or recurrent infection of the palatine tonsils occurs in chronic tonsillitis. Tonsillectomy is surgical procedure that removed the entire palatine tonsils. It is performed if conservative and medical management failed to relieve symptoms and if indicated by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) consensus published 1995.Case description: A 30 years old male, complained a lump in his throat for about a year and had worsened for the previous 1.5 months. The patient also had difficulty in breathing, especially during sleep and snored. The patient had received treatment and got better. However, some complaints such as fever, cough, runny nose, difficulty and painful swallowing appear more than three times a year. The patient was alert, vital signs and general examination are within normal limits. Throat examination revealed T2 - T3 tonsils, hyperemic + / +, dilated crypts + / +, detritus - / -, midline uvula with hyperemic mucosa. The patient was diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis and undergone Tonsillectomy.Conclusion: Tonsillectomy is indicated in patients with enlarged tonsils that cause upper airway obstruction and recurrent episode of tonsil infections more than three times per year despite adequate medical therapy.
Prevalence of dry eye syndrome associated to face mask among Tabanan General Hospital Health workers in 2021
Authors: Putri Kornia Rania Ayu Permata , Putra I Putu Rustama , Sedani Ni Wayan , M Cynthia Dewi
Published: December 2022

Background: The continuous development of COVID-19 has made face masks became a mandatory part of our daily routine, but there has been an increase in dry eye syndrome (DES) from the regular used of face masks. Health workers who are obliged to use face masks are the one that has risk factors for experiencing DES, including health workers at Tabanan General Hospital, as one of the COVID-19 referral hospitals in Bali. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of DES associated to face masks and characteristics of DES among Tabanan General Hospital health workers in 2021.
Methods: This research was a descriptive cross sectional study that conducted at Tabanan General Hospital from March to April 202. The sample was 64 health workers at Tabanan General Hospital with consecutive sampling techniques using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Data were collected by using questionnaire. Data were annalyse descriptively by using SPSS 25 and the result were provide in table.
Results: The prevalence of DES associated to face masks among Tabanan General Hospital health workers in 2021 was 70.3%, with a prevalence of mild degrees 15.6%, moderate 12.5%, and severe 42.2%. The prevalence of surgical mask users was greater than Filtering Face Piece (FFP) 2 mask users in mild and severe degrees of DES. Characteristics of DES among Tabanan General Hospital health workers in 2021 were found mostly in age 30-39 years old, more in females, without DM history, non-smokers, and without eye surgery history.
Conclusion: Most of the health workers at Tabanan General Hospital experiencing DES associated to face masks, and mostly with a severe degree. Among those with DES, there were more surgical mask users than FFP2 mask users. Future studies are needed to analyze the association between DES and face masks.
Prevalence of SCCmec Types I, II, III, and pvl gene among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimens in Sanglah General Hospital
Authors: Agastya I Gede Sathya , Darwinata Agus Eka , Pinatih Komang Januartha Putra , Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi
Published: December 2022

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a big challenge for health services worldwide which causes infections both in healthcare and community. Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains are shown to be resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and several non-beta lactam antibiotics. At the same time, the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) tends to be resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MRSA carried staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) types I, II, III, IV, and V. SCCmec types I, II, and III were predominantly found in  HA-MRSA strain while SCCmec types IV and V predominantly found in CA-MRSA strains. Furthermore, the panton valentine leukocidine (pvl) gene is commonly found in CA-MRSA strains. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of SCCmec types I, II, III, and pvl gene in MRSA isolated from clinical specimens in Sanglah General Hospital.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. MRSA was isolated from clinical specimens (sputum, wounds, tissue, blood, etc.) from January 2020 to July 2021 and identified by the Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux, France) at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Sanglah Hospital. Prevalence of SCCmec and pvl gene using PCR. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2010 for Windows.
Results: Most of the specimens (69.56%) were wound. Seventeen (73.91%) out of 23 MRSA isolates were positive for the SCCmec III and pvl gene, while none was positive for the SCCmec I and SCCmec II. About 19 (82.60%) isolates were resistant to two or more non-beta-lactam antibiotics.
Conclusions: The isolates of MRSA in this study were predominantly isolated from wound specimens, with the most prevalent genetic element being SCCmec III. In this study, although most MRSA isolates carried SCCmec III that suggested as HA-MRSA, however, most of the strains harbored the pvl gene. This interesting phenomenon needs to be further elucidated.
The beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) levels in the vaginal washing fluid as a predictor of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM)
Authors: Aguswahyudi Danny , Suwiyoga Ketut , Negara I Ketut Surya , Megadhana I Wayan , Mahendra I Nyoman Bayu , Mayura I Gusti Putu Mayun , Aryana Made Bagus Dwi
Published: December 2022

Background: Several biomarkers have been investigated as predictors of Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), but these biomarkers have not been applied in clinical practice due to their high cost and complexity. Beta-HCG is thought to be an easy, cost-effective and promising predictor of PROM in clinical practice. This study aims to determine the relationship between beta-hCG level in vaginal washing fluid with the PROM and the cut-off value of beta-hCG level in vaginal washing fluid in predicting the incidence of PROM.Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted in the Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, from May to July 2020. The subjects involved in this study are all pregnant women with gestational age ?24 weeks who came with complaints of vaginal discharge and were treated in the delivery room of the Emergency Ward, Sanglah General Hospital. The beta-HCG level was evaluated using the immunoassay method and the ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the beta-hCG level in vaginal washing cut-off point that can predict the incidence of PROM. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 for Windows.Results: Thirty-five subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in this study. The cut-off value of beta-hCG vaginal washing fluid to predict PROM obtained in this study was 118.1 mIU/ml with sensitivity of 95.83%, specificity of 81.81%, PPV of 92.00%, NPV of 90.00%, and accuracy of 91.43% (AUC: 0.947; 95%CI: 0.870-1.000; p<0.001).Conclusion: Beta-hCG level in the vagina washing fluid can be used as a fast and non-invasive predictor of PROM in pregnant women.
Hubungan neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, absolute lymphocyte count, dan platelet lymphocyte ratio terhadap derajat keparahan COVID-19
Authors: Nasrani Lusia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 virus was discovered at the end of 2019 as respiratory infectious disease and has become a pandemic until now, so it is very important to predict the severity of COVID-19. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) are easy, inexpensive, and fast methods as screening tools for the severity of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between NLR, ALC, and PLR to the severity of COVID-19.Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional research design—retrieving research data using the total sampling method. The research data are medical records and laboratory examination data from 64 COVID-19 patients at Harapan Keluarga Hospital Cikarang in July–December 2020. The data analysis used was bivariate analysis with chi-square.Results: There were 64 samples in this study, with the majority of samples being male, the average age was 42 years, the most common symptoms were fever (81.3%) and cough (71.9%), the majority of patients had no comorbidities. There was a significant relationship between NLR, ALC and PLR with the severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.007; p = 0.002; p = 0.013). Latar belakang: Virus COVID-19 ditemukan pada akhir tahun 2019 sebagai penyakit infeksi pada pernapasan dan telah menjadi pandemi hingga saat ini, sehingga sangat penting untuk memprediksi derajat keparahan COVID-19. Neutrophyl Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), dan Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) merupakan metode yang mudah, murah, dan cepat sebagai alat skrining pada keparahan COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan NLR, ALC, dan PLR terhadap derajat keparahan COVID-19.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah suatu penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian crosssectional. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan metode total sampling. Data penelitian adalah data rekam medis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 64 pasien COVID-19 di RS Harapan Keluarga Cikarang pada periode Juli–Desember 2020. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan chi-square.Hasil: Terdapat 64 sampel pada penelitian ini dengan mayoritas sampel merupakan laki-laki, rata-rata usia 42 tahun, gejala yang paling sering ditemukan adalah demam (81,3%) dan batuk (71,9%), mayoritas pasien tidak memiliki komorbid. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara NLR, ALC dan PLR dengan tingkat keparahan COVID-19 (p =0,007; p=0,002; p =0,013).Simpulan: NLR, ALC, dan PLR memiliki hubungan terhadap derajat keparahan COVID-19.
The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Dry Eye Disease (DED): a systematic review
Authors: Alexander Tiara , Cahyaningsih Eunike
Published: December 2022

Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent condition that involves instability, increased osmolarity, and inflammation of the tear film and ocular surface. Vitamin D is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Association between vitamin D deficiency and increased incidence of DED has been suggested. However, no study currently exists that systematically reviews the potential role of vitamin D as a treatment for DED.
Methods: The literature search was performed on December 2021 through PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, dan Cochrane Library using the relevant keywords. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, ROBINS-I tools, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results: A total of 700 articles were found, 6 of which were considered relevant based on PRISMA protocol. The included articles consist of 2 case controls, a randomized interventional study, and 3 observational studies. Vitamin D supplementation improved tear stability, symptoms of dry eye disease, and serum vitamin D level affected the efficacy of topical therapy for DED.
Conclusion: Despite this beneficial finding, serum vitamin D level does not significantly correlate with DED symptoms which the multifactorial nature of the disease might cause.
Persistent secondary spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of tuberculosis infection: a case report
Authors: Andani Ni Made Lintya , Savitri Putu Diah
Published: December 2022

Introduction: A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung contained within the pleural cavity. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) are two types of spontaneous pneumothorax that differ due to the underlying illness. If the patient has a history of pulmonary disease, including tuberculosis infection, SSP may be present. Chest X-rays, chest ultrasonography, and CT scans are imaging tests that can be used to diagnose pneumothorax. We report a case of a 20-year-old man with persistent secondary spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of tuberculosis infection.Case description: A 20-year-old man complained of shortness of breath two weeks before being admitted to the hospital. He had a story of a TB infection. A chest X-ray and a CT scan were used to assess the patient. The pneumothorax is seen with the sign of reactive old tuberculosis. The surgeon inserted a chest tube drainage to empty the pneumothorax. However, following the assessment, the pneumothorax grew even larger than before.Conclusion: Clinical evaluation should probably be the key determinant of the care strategy and assist with the initial diagnosis. Imaging modalities can help confirm a pneumothorax diagnosis and provide information about the extent of the pneumothorax.