bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect Data Mining of Power Consumption Law Based on Improved K-Means Algorithm Clustering
Authors: Hong Yutian
Published: April 2023

With the further construction and development of the smart grid, in the process of power development, production, and use, as well as the process of power distribution and use, each link will produce some high-dimensional data on the power grid with huge volume, complex structure, and
complex correlation among them. The distribution of high-dimensional data in space is different from that in low-dimensional space, and the computational cost increases dramatically, which increases the complexity of visualization of high-dimensional power consumption data. Clustering analysis
is a way to cluster a large number of users and summarize the typical load characteristics of different types of users. How to determine the prior information conditions of data and how to select the clustering criteria become the key to clustering. Aiming at the problems of traditional clustering
algorithms in the current feature clustering analysis, this paper first deals with the load through t-SNE dimensional reduction technology, then combines the GSA elbow criterion and dichotomous K-means algorithm to cluster the load, and finally summarizes three typical load features according
to the clustering results. Effective data mining technology is used to cluster and divide the massive load characteristics efficiently, which will dynamically respond to and manage the demand side. The error of classification results is less than 4.28% through the example of load characteristics.
The classification accuracy of the test is 12.2% higher than that of the traditional method. According to the experimental results, the characteristics of typical load patterns and the corresponding load curve characteristics are analyzed. It overcomes the dependence of the traditional K-means
algorithm on the initial centroid, avoids the algorithm falling into local optimum, and plays an important role in the defect data mining of power consumption law in power enterprises.
Middepth Recipes
Authors: Rogers Mason , Ferrari Raffaele , Nadeau Louis-Philippe
Published: April 2023

The Indo-Pacific Ocean appears exponentially stratified between 1- and 3-km depth with a decay scale on the order of 1 km. In his celebrated paper “Abyssal recipes,” W. Munk proposed a theoretical explanation of these observations by suggesting a pointwise buoyancy balance between the upwelling of cold water and the downward diffusion of heat. Assuming a constant upwelling velocity w and turbulent diffusivity κ, the model yields an exponential stratification whose decay scale is consistent with observations if κ ∼ 10−4 m2 s−1. Over time, much effort has been made to reconcile Munk’s ideas with evidence of vertical variability in κ, but comparably little emphasis has been placed on the even stronger evidence that w decays toward the surface. In particular, the basin-averaged w nearly vanishes at 1-km depth in the Indo-Pacific. In light of this evidence, we consider a variable-coefficient, basin-averaged analog of Munk’s budget, which we verify against a hierarchy of numerical models ranging from an idealized basin-and-channel configuration to a coarse global ocean simulation. Study of the budget reveals that the decay of basin-averaged w requires a concurrent decay in basin-averaged κ to produce an exponential-like stratification. As such, the frequently cited value of 10−4 m2 s−1 is representative only of the bottom of the middepths, whereas κ must be much smaller above. The decay of mixing in the vertical is as important to the stratification as its magnitude.

Significance Statement

Using a combination of theory and numerical simulations, it is argued that the observed magnitude and shape of the global ocean stratification and overturning circulation appear to demand that turbulent mixing increases quasi-exponentially toward the ocean bottom. Climate models must therefore prescribe such a vertical profile of turbulent mixing in order to properly represent the heat and carbon uptake accomplished by the global overturning circulation on centennial and longer time scales.
Cytokines in primary headache disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Musubire Abdu Kisekka , Cheema Sanjay , Ray Jason C. , Hutton Elspeth J. , Matharu Manjit
Published: April 2023

Background

The role of inflammation and cytokines in the pathophysiology of primary headache disorders is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the results of studies comparing peripheral blood cytokine levels between patients with migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, or new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and healthy controls; and in migraine between the ictal and interictal stages.

Methods

We searched PubMed/Medline and Embase from inception until July 2022. We included original research studies which measured unstimulated levels of any cytokines in peripheral blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or similar assay. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We used random effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighted average to calculate standardised mean difference (SMD), 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity for each comparison. This study is registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023393363). No funding was received for this study.

Results

Thirty-eight studies, including 1335 patients with migraine (32 studies), 302 with tension-type headache (nine studies), 42 with cluster headache (two studies), and 1225 healthy controls met inclusion criteria.

Meta-analysis showed significantly higher interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD 1.07, 95% CI 0.40–1.73, p = 0.002), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.14–1.09, p = 0.01), and IL-8 (SMD 1.56, 95% CI 0.03–3.09, p = 0.04), in patients with migraine compared to healthy controls, and significantly higher interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.06–0.62, p = 0.02) during the ictal phase of migraine compared to the interictal phase. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.18–0.86, p = 0.003) and TNF-α (SMD 0.64, 95% CI 0.33–0.96, p = 0.0001) were both higher in patients with tension-type headache than controls.

Conclusions

The higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in migraine compared to controls, and IL-1β during the ictal stage, suggest a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of migraine, however prospective studies are required to confirm causality and investigate the mechanisms for the increase in cytokine levels identified. Cytokines may also have a role in tension-type headache. Due a lack of data, no conclusions can be made regarding cluster headache or NDPH.
Microsporogenesis in the triploid hybrid ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1#’ and detection of primary trisomy in 2x × 3 × Populus hybrids
Authors: Sang Yaru , Kong Bo , Do Phuong Uyen , Ma Lexun , Du Jiahua , Li Liang , Cheng Xuetong , Zhao Yifan , Zhou Qing , Wu Jian , Song Lianjun , Zhang Pingdong
Published: April 2023

Background

Primary trisomy is a powerful genetic tool in plants. However, trisomy has not been detected in Populus as a model system for tree and woody perennial plant biology.

Results

In the present study, a backcross between Populus alba × Populus glandulosa ‘YXY 7#’ (2n = 2x = 38) and the triploid hybrid ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1#’ (2n = 3x = 57) based on the observation of microsporogenesis and an evaluation of the variations in pollen was conducted to create primary trisomy. Many abnormalities, such as premature migration of chromosomes, lagging of chromosomes, chromosome bridges, asymmetric separation, micronuclei, and premature cytokinesis, have been detected during meiosis of the triploid hybrid clone ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1#’. However, these abnormal behaviors did not result in completely aborted pollen. The pollen diameter of the triploid hybrid clone ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1#’ is bimodally distributed, which was similar to the chromosomal number of the backcross progeny. A total of 393 progeny were generated. We provide a protocol for determining the number of chromosomes in aneuploid progeny, and 19 distinct simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs covering the entire Populus genome were developed. Primary trisomy 11 and trisomy 17 were detected in the 2x × 3 x hybrid using the SSR molecular markers and counting of somatic chromosomes.

Conclusions

Nineteen distinct SSR primer pairs for determining chromosomal number in aneuploid individuals were developed, and two Populus trisomies were detected from 2x × 3 x hybrids by SSR markers and somatic chromosome counting. Our findings provide a powerful genetic tool to reveal the function of genes in Populus.
Functional activity level reported by an informant is an early predictor of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vik Alexandra , Kociński Marek , Rye Ingrid , Lundervold Astri J. , Lundervold Alexander S.
Published: April 2023

Background

Loss of autonomy in day-to-day functioning is one of the feared outcomes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and relatives may have been worried by subtle behavioral changes in ordinary life situations long before these changes are given medical attention. In the present study, we ask if such subtle changes should be given weight as an early predictor of a future AD diagnosis.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were used to define a group of adults with a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis remaining stable across several visits (sMCI, n=360; 55-91 years at baseline), and a group of adults who over time converted from having an MCI diagnosis to an AD diagnosis (cAD, n=320; 55-88 years at baseline). Eleven features were used as input in a Random Forest (RF) binary classifier (sMCI vs. cAD) model. This model was tested on an unseen holdout part of the dataset, and further explored by three different permutation-driven importance estimates and a comprehensive post hoc machine learning exploration.

Results

The results consistently showed that measures of daily life functioning, verbal memory function, and a volume measure of hippocampus were the most important predictors of conversion from an MCI to an AD diagnosis. Results from the RF classification model showed a prediction accuracy of around 70% in the test set. Importantly, the post hoc analyses showed that even subtle changes in everyday functioning noticed by a close informant put MCI patients at increased risk for being on a path toward the major cognitive impairment of an AD diagnosis.

Conclusion

The results showed that even subtle changes in everyday functioning should be noticed when reported by relatives in a clinical evaluation of patients with MCI. Information of these changes should also be included in future longitudinal studies to investigate different pathways from normal cognitive aging to the cognitive decline characterizing different stages of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-efficacy scores and intensity of depressiveness in people aged over 60 years providing kinship foster care
Authors: Giezek Marta , Landowski Marek , Kożybska Marta , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: April 2023

Background

The objective of this study has been to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had impact on self-efficacy scores and intensity of depressive severity in people aged over 60 who provide kinship foster care to their grandchildren.

Methods

The study subjects were selected from among individuals aged over 60 years providing kinship foster care to their grand-children. The participants were asked to complete the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) before and during the pandemic. The questionnaire was com-pleted in whole twice by 40 participants.

Results

There are no statistically significant differences between the GSE and GDS scores obtained before and during the pandemic. In study subjects with the oldest child in foster care aged 10 years or less, the GDS score decreased in a statistically sig-nificant way (p = 0.03). The correlation coefficient of the GSE and GDS scores before the pandemic was − 0.46 (p = 0.003), while that of scores during the pandemic was − 0.43 (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Neither the sense of self-efficacy nor the intensity of depressiveness of the study subjects changed significantly during the pandemic. Both before and during the pandemic, the increase in depressiveness was associated with a decrease in self-efficacy.
Effects of motor imagery based brain-computer interface on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xiaolu , Zhang Wendong , Li Weibo , Zhang Shaohua , Lv Peiyuan , Yin Yu
Published: April 2023

Background

Seeking positive and comprehensive rehabilitation methods after stroke is an urgent problem to be solved, which is very important to improve the dysfunction of stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface training (MI-BCI) on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods

Sixty stroke patients with impairment of upper extremity function and decreased attention were randomly assigned to the control group (CR group) or the experimental group (BCI group) in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the CR group received conventional rehabilitation. Patients in the BCI group received 20 min of MI-BCI training five times a week for 3 weeks (15 sessions) in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome measures were the changes in Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment of Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and Attention Network Test (ANT) from baseline to 3 weeks.

Results

About 93% of the patients completed the allocated training. Compared with the CR group, among those in the BCI group, FMA-UE was increased by 8.0 points (95%CI, 5.0 to 10.0; P < 0.001). Alert network response time (32.4ms; 95%CI, 58.4 to 85.6; P < 0.001), orienting network response (5.6ms; 95%CI, 29.8 to 55.8; P = 0.010), and corrects number (8.0; 95%CI, 17.0 to 28.0; P < 0.001) also increased in the BCI group compared with the CR group. Additionally, the executive control network response time (− 105.9ms; 95%CI, − 68.3 to − 23.6; P = 0.002), the total average response time (− 244.8ms; 95%CI, − 155.8 to − 66.2; P = 0.002), and total time (− 122.0ms; 95%CI, − 80.0 to − 35.0; P = 0.001) were reduced in the BCI group compared with the CR group.

Conclusion

MI-BCI combined with conventional rehabilitation training could better enhance upper limb motor function and attention in stroke patients. This training method may be feasible and suitable for individuals with stroke.

Trial registration

: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with Portal Number ChiCTR2100050430(27/08/2021).
Global prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapists: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gorce Philippe , Jacquier-Bret Julien
Published: April 2023

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are one of the most important problems among physiotherapists worldwide. However, there is no meta-analysis of the MSD prevalence in all body areas among physiotherapists.

Objectives

The purpose was to investigate and estimate the worldwide prevalence of MSD among physiotherapists using a systematic review-, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Methods

The systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed in 2022 using the PRISMA guidelines.

Data sources

The search was performed on PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Medeley and Science.gov databases.

Study appraisal

The quality appraisal of the included articles was assessed using the critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies AXIS.

Results

A total of 722 articles were found. After screening and comparison with the inclusion criteria, 26 studies were retained. Based on the random-effects model, the worldwide MSD prevalence in neck, upper back, mid back, lower back, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, thumb, hips/thighs, knees/legs, and ankles/feet was 26.4% (CI 95%: 21.0–31.9%), 17.7% (CI 95%: 13.2–22.2%), 14.9% (CI 95%: 7.7–22.1%), 40.1% (CI 95%: 32.2–48.0%), 20.8% (CI 95%: 16.5–25.1), 7.0% (CI 95%: 5.2–8.9), 18.1% (CI 95%: 14.7–21.5%), 35.4% (CI 95%: 23.0–47.8), 7.0% (CI 95%: 5.2–8.8), 13.0% (CI 95%: 10.3–15.8), and 5% (CI 95%: 4.0–6.9) respectively. The neck and shoulder prevalence of four continents were close to the world prevalence. No effect of continent was found on MSD prevalence. The heterogeneity of the results obtained in the meta-analysis and meta-regression was discussed.

Conclusions

Based on the random effects model, the results of the worldwide meta-analysis showed that lower back pain, thumb, neck and shoulder were the area most at risk for MSD and were therefore those to be monitored as a priority. Recommendations were proposed for future reviews and meta-analyses.
Video consultation in general practice: a scoping review on use, experiences, and clinical decisions
Authors: Wanderås Magnus Repstad , Abildsnes Eirik , Thygesen Elin , Martinez Santiago Gil
Published: April 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced healthcare workers to use alternative consultation approaches. In general practice, the use of video consultations (VCs) increased manyfold as countries were locked down. This scoping review aimed to summarize scientific knowledge concerning the use of VC in general practice and focused on (1) the utilization of VC in general practice, (2) the experiences of the users of VC in general practice, and (3) how VC affected the clinical decision-making of general practitioners (GPs).

Methods

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute. Review questions were formulated to match each focus area. A three-step search strategy was employed to search scientific and gray literature sources. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 2010 to March 11th, 2021, and the search was re-run on August 18th, 2021. The extracted data were deductively coded into pre-defined main themes, whereas subthemes were inductively synthesized. The data within each subtheme were analysed through descriptive content analysis and presented in a narrative synthesis.

Results

Overall, 13 studies were included after screening 3,624 studies. Most patients were satisfied with VCs. VCs were most suitable for simpler issues, often shorter than face-to-face consultations, and were more likely to be used by younger patients. GPs enjoyed the flexibility and shorter duration of VCs; however, they felt an unsatisfactory deterioration in the GP-patient relationship. Despite the loss of clinical examination, diagnostic assessment was mostly successful, with little fear of missing serious illness. Prior clinical experience and a preexisting relationship with the patient were important factors for successful assessment via VC.

Conclusions

Both GPs and patients can be satisfied with VC in general practice in specific contexts, and adequate clinical decision-making is possible. However, disadvantages such as a diminishing GP-patient relationship have been highlighted, and the use of VC in non-pandemic settings is limited. The role of VC in the future of general practice remains unclear, and further research is needed on the long-term adoption of VC in general practice.
Thrombus formation in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava after microwave ablation in patients with hepatic metastasis: a case report
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhu Juan , Ding Tengyun , Cai Libin , Zhou Chaoping , Zhang Yaming
Published: April 2023

Background

Microwave ablation (MWA) via ultrasound guidance is an important tool in the treatment of liver metastases. The most common postoperative complications are abdominal hemorrhage and bile leakage, whereas thrombosis in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) is very rare, and clinical management is very difficult when the head end of the thrombus reaches the right atrium.

Case presentation

This is a case report of a 52-year-old man with hepatic metastasis 21 months after radical resection of rectal cancer. After chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy, metastasis in segment IV (S4) of the liver was treated with microwave ablation. Two months after treatment, the hepatic metastasis in S4 showed a microwave ablation zone on MRI.Enhanced MRI showed venous thrombosis located in the left hepatic vein and IVC, and the head of the thrombus reached the right atrium. After two weeks of anticoagulation and thrombolytic treatment, the follow-up MRI showed that the venous thrombus had nearly disappeared.

Conclusion

When liver metastases are close to the hepatic vein, clinicians should pay attention to the occurrence of hepatic vein and IVC thrombosis following MWA; through early diagnosis and anticoagulation, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be minimized.
Traditional foraging for ecological transition? Wild food ethnobotany among three ethnic groups in the highlands of the eastern Hindukush, North Pakistan
Authors: Khan Amir Hasan , Adil Muhammad , Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Sõukand Renata , Pieroni Andrea
Published: April 2023

Background

The Patrak Valley is home to communities, which have been inextricably linked with nature for generations, and local plant knowledge (LPK) represents an important part of their local cultural diversity. In general, globalization has come at the expense of local plant knowledge among several mountain societies, and therefore the current investigation has been undertaken to record the (possibly) last remaining wild food plant/mushroom foraging practices among Pathans, Kohistanis, and Gujjars living in the highlands of the Hindukush, North Pakistan.

Methods

Data on the uses of wild food plants and mushrooms (WFPs) were collected through 120 semi-structured interviews. The data were cross-culturally compared among the three linguistic groups. Venn diagrams were used to visualize the comparative analysis. To determine the patterns of similarities in plant use among the different ethnic groups, we used the Jaccard similarity index (JI). The recorded data were also compared with the existing Pakistani food ethnobotanical literature.

Results

A total of 68 WFPs were recorded, the majority of which were used as raw snacks and as cooked vegetables. Fruit was the most frequently reported plant part among the three researched groups. Cross-cultural comparison revealed that 37% of the used plants were commonly shared by the three studied groups. Pathans have retained rich knowledge on WFPs, and they show a comparatively closer affinity with Kohistanis is the use of WFPs compared to Gujjars. While we observed some idiosyncrasies for each of the researched groups, the distinctive plant uses among Gujjars provide insight into their food ecology, their particular human–ecological system centered on mobile pastoralism and their limited exchanges of local food/ecological knowledge due to endogamic patterns. A literature survey revealed some novel or little-known ingredients within Pakistani food ethnobotany/ethnomycology, such as Aesculus indica, Agaricus campestris, Apteranthes tuberculata, Duchesnea indica, Equisetum arvense, Eremurus himalaicus, Isodon rugosus, Morella esculenta, Sophora mollis, and Drimia indica.

Conclusion

The researched communities have retained important plant knowledge which could be implemented through future development programs considering that most of these traditional foraging practices fulfill environmental and social sustainability standards. Further field studies are required to thoroughly investigate the patterns of foraging among highland pastoral societies in other parts of the Hindukush region and especially their potential for the ongoing ecological transition.
Workflow for phenotyping sugar beet roots by automated evaluation of cell characteristics and tissue arrangement using digital image processing
Authors: Nause Nelia , Ispizua Yamati Facundo R. , Seidel Marion , Mahlein Anne-Katrin , Hoffmann Christa M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Cell characteristics, including cell type, size, shape, packing, cell-to-cell-adhesion, intercellular space, and cell wall thickness, influence the physical characteristics of plant tissues. Genotypic differences were found concerning damage susceptibility related to beet texture for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Sugar beet storage roots are characterized by heterogeneous tissue with several cambium rings surrounded by small-celled vascular tissue and big-celled sugar-storing parenchyma between the rings. This study presents a procedure for phenotyping heterogeneous tissues like beetroots by imaging.

Results

Ten Beta genotypes (nine sugar beet and one fodder beet) were included to establish a pipeline for the automated histologic evaluation of cell characteristics and tissue arrangement using digital image processing written in the programming language R. The identification of cells has been validated by comparison with manual cell identification. Cells are reliably discriminated from intercellular spaces, and cells with similar morphological features are assigned to biological tissue types.

Conclusions

Genotypic differences in cell diameter and cell arrangement can straightforwardly be phenotyped by the presented workflow. The presented routine can further identify genotypic differences in cell diameter and cell arrangement during early growth stages and between sugar storage capabilities.
First description of congenital toxoplasmosis after maternal coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a case report
Authors: Dao Vu Thao-Vi , Anagnostou Anastasia , Schlösser Rolf , Rochwalsky Ulrich , Groß Uwe , Hoehl Sebastian , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Besier Silke
Published: April 2023

Background

Congenital toxoplasmosis can be associated with serious clinical consequences from fetus to adulthood. Hence, early detection is required to minimize severe sequelae through appropriate therapy. We describe the first case of a congenital toxoplasmosis after maternal coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the challenging serological diagnosis of the disease in this context.

Case presentation

A Caucasian boy was born at 27 weeks 2 days of gestation by cesarean section due to maternal COVID-19-related respiratory failure. Postpartum serological screening of the mother revealed a previously unrecognized active Toxoplasma gondii infection. The premature child initially tested negative for anti- Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin A and M antibodies 1, 2 and 4 weeks after birth, whereas immunoglobulin G antibodies were only weakly positive with no evidence of child-specific production. Neither neurological nor ophthalmological abnormalities were detected. Approximately 3 months after birth, serological testing indicated a congenital toxoplasmosis by presence of immunoglobulin A and M, in combination with a child-specific immunoglobulin G synthesis. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid was tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii DNA. Although no clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis were detected, an antiparasitic therapy was initiated to minimize the risk of late sequelae. There were no hints for a transplacental transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Conclusion

This case raises the awareness of possible coinfections with the risk of transplacental transmission in cases of maternal coronavirus disease 2019. The report emphasizes the need for screening vulnerable patients for toxoplasmosis in general and especially in the context of pregnancy. It becomes evident that prematurity can complicate the serological diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis due to a delayed antibody response. Repeated testing is recommended to carefully monitor children at risk and especially those with a history of preterm birth.
Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis
Authors: Cleaver Leanne M. , Carda-Diéguez Miguel , Moazzez Rebeca , Carpenter Guy H.
Published: April 2023

Background

Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls.

Results

Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion.

Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p < 0.05) less diverse microbiome than healthy controls (observed and Shannon diversity). Sequencing of bacterial mRNA for gene expression (Illumina sequencing) demonstrated that genes over-expressed in saliva from erosion participants included H + proton transporter genes, and three protease genes (msrAB,vanY, andppdC). Salivary metabolomics was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Metabolite concentrations correlated with gene expression, demonstrating that the dental erosion group had strong correlations between metabolites associated with protein degradation and amino acid fermentation.

Conclusions

We conclude that microbial proteolysis of salivary proteins found in the protective acquired enamel pellicle strongly correlates with dental erosion, and we propose four novel microbial genes implicated in this process.
Acculturation strategies and blood cortisol in colombian Migrants in Chile
Authors: Urzúa Alfonso , Aragón Diego , Landabur Rodrigo , Henríquez Diego , Cortés Leonel
Published: April 2023

Background

migration is a worldwide phenomenon that is growing at an accelerated pace. When people who migrate come into contact with a new culture, they are immersed in a process called acculturation. In this process, people oscillate between maintaining their own culture or acquiring the culture and customs of the host country, resulting in the so-called acculturation strategies. According to Berry’s proposal, there are four main acculturation strategies: assimilation, integration, marginalization and separation. The few existing studies of Latinos in an Anglo-Saxon country relate the use of the integration strategy (biculturalism) with lower cortisol levels. No studies have been found on the subject in Latino migrants in a Latino country.

Method

a cross-sectional design was used to analyze the relationship between acculturation strategies and blood cortisol levels, based on the hypothesis that an integration strategy or biculturalism would be linked to lower cortisol levels. The study involved 314 Colombian migrants in Chile, who were evaluated with a scale of acculturation strategies according to the model proposed by Berry, in addition to providing blood samples to analyze cortisol levels.

Results

migrants who show a preference for leave behind the culture of the country of origin have higher levels of cortisol ng/ml in blood. According to multiple comparisons the mean cortisol value was significantly different between integrated and assimilated subjects, with the mean cortisol of the integrated being significantly lower than that of the subjects typed as marginalized.

Conclusion

The patterns of the relationship between biculturalism and cortisol found in Latino migrants in Anglo-Saxon countries are repeated in Latino migrants in a Latino country. It is necessary to explore the influence of other variables in this relationship, since it seems that the best adaptive strategy, and therefore the cortisol response, will vary according to the socio-cultural context of the host country.
Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences
Authors: Punja Zamir K. , Sutton Darren B. , Kim Tommy
Published: April 2023

Background

Glandular capitate trichomes which form on bract tissues of female inflorescences of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. plants are important sources of terpenes and cannabinoids. The influence of plant age and cannabis genotype on capitate trichome development, morphology, and maturation has not been extensively studied. Knowledge of the various developmental changes that occur in trichomes over time and the influence of genotype and plant age on distribution, numbers, and morphological features should lead to a better understanding of cannabis quality and consistency.

Methods

Bract tissues of two genotypes—“Moby Dick” and “Space Queen”—were examined from 3 weeks to 8 weeks of flower development using light and scanning electron microscopy. Numbers of capitate trichomes on upper and lower bract surfaces were recorded at different positions within the inflorescence. Observations on distribution, extent of stalk formation, glandular head diameter, production of resin, and extent of dehiscence and senescence were made at various time points. The effects of post-harvesting handling and drying on trichome morphology were examined in an additional five genotypes.

Results

Two glandular trichome types—bulbous and capitate (sessile or stalked)—were observed. Capitate trichome numbers and stalk length were significantly (P = 0.05) greater in “Space Queen” compared to “Moby Dick” at 3 and 6 weeks of flower development. Significantly more stalked-capitate trichomes were present on lower compared to upper bract surfaces at 6 weeks in both genotypes, while sessile-capitate trichomes predominated at 3 weeks. Epidermal and hypodermal cells elongated to different extents during stalk formation, producing significant variation in length (from 20 to 1100 μm). Glandular heads ranged from 40 to 110 μm in diameter. Maturation of stalked-capitate glandular heads was accompanied by a brown color development, reduced UV autofluorescence, and head senescence and dehiscence. Secreted resinous material from glandular heads appeared as droplets on the cuticular surface that caused many heads to stick together or collapse. Trichome morphology was affected by the drying process.

Conclusion

Capitate trichome numbers, development, and degree of maturation were influenced by cannabis genotype and plant age. The observations of trichome development indicate that asynchronous formation leads to different stages of trichome maturity on bracts. Trichome stalk lengths also varied between the two genotypes selected for study as well as over time. The variability in developmental stage and maturation between genotypes can potentially lead to variation in total cannabinoid levels in final product. Post-harvest handling and drying were shown to affect trichome morphology.
Long-Term Surgical Outcome of Indirect Bypass Surgery in Young Children With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Ha Eun Jin , Phi Ji Hoon , Lee Ji Yeoun , Koh Eun Jung , Kim Kyung Hyun , Wang Kyu-Chang , Cho Byung-Kyu , Kim Seung-Ki
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

The prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD) in young children (younger than 4 years) is worse than that of older adults. The effectiveness of surgery is still inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate long-term outcomes after indirect bypass in young children with MMD.

METHODS:

A total of 1417 MMD children underwent indirect bypass from August 1988 to October 2020. This study included 135 patients who were younger than 4 years at the time of surgery. The clinical features and surgical outcomes of these patients were assessed. We analyzed the long-term outcome of 102 children who were followed up for more than 5 years (mean: 18.8 years, range: 5-27.3 years). Cross-sectional analysis was performed to evaluate overall outcomes based on the Lansky Play Performance Scale (LPS). The annual risk of symptomatic stroke after surgery was calculated with a person-year method, and the event-free survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS:

The overall clinical outcome was favorable (LPS ≥ 80) in 88% of the patients. The overall postoperative adverse event rate was 15%, including 1 death. At the last follow-up, 86% of patients who had seizures at diagnosis were seizure-free. During the follow-up, there were 3 symptomatic infarctions on the operated hemisphere (postoperative 3, 3, and 10 months each). There was no hemorrhagic event. The annual infarction rate was 0.16% per person-year. The 20-year event-free survival rates for symptomatic infarction were 97%.

CONCLUSION:

Indirect bypass could provide a satisfactory long-term outcome and prevent recurrent stroke in young children with MMD.
Imaging features of the renal lymphoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Almousa Shaden Saleh , Ashraf Ammar , Abdelrahman Ahmed Mohamed , Yacoubi Mohamed Tahar
Published: April 2023

Renal affection is common in disseminated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) which is known as secondary renal lymphoma (SRL). Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is an exceedingly uncommon disease, which accounts for less than 1% of all renal masses. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of NHL in both primary as well as secondary renal lymphomas. PRL is of paramount importance clinically as it is usually managed with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by nephrectomy in contrast to the more frequently seen renal cell carcinoma, which is treated surgically. This outstanding difference in management challenges the longstanding approach that preoperative biopsies are not mandatory prior to nephrectomy for renal masses.

Because of its relative rarity, the imaging features of PRL have been described in a few studies, and having an understanding of these typical imaging patterns is crucial for making an accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other renal malignancies.

Here, we present a case of a secondary renal lymphoma and discuss its differential imaging features.
Factors Associated with Fear of Falling by Fall Experience in the Community-dwelling Elderly
Authors: Seo Yeong Mi , Lee Eun Sook
Published: April 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with fear of falling(FOF) by fall experience in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression with complex samples was used to analyze the data of 74,475 elders aged 65 and over from the Community Health Survey in 2019. Results: Factors associated with FOF included gender, age, education level, smoking, high-risk drinking, physical activity, stress, depression, cognitive impairment, subjective health status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in the non-fall group. In the single fall group, the associated factors were gender, age, physical activity, stress, depression, cognitive impairment, and subjective health status. Related factors in the recurrent fall group included gender, age, physical activity, cognitive impairment, and subjective health status. Conclusion: The study’s findings suggest that it is necessary to develop different strategies to prevent FOF by understanding the contributing factors of FOF in each group of fall experience.
Validation of Types of Body Pain Areas and Related Factors in the Korean Aged Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Shin Sang Ye , Lee Eun Suk
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find a nursing intervention plan by classifying the body pain areas of the Korean aged and analyzing related factors. Methods: This study performed the latent class analysis, cross-analysis, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS 25, M-plus 7.0 program on 4,388 older adults aged 65 or over using the data from the 2020 Aging Research Panel. Results: As a result of the Latent Class Analysis, participants divided into four groups. Group 1 was the 'shoulder and low back pain group' with high shoulder and back pain, group 2 was the 'upper body pain group' with severe pain in the arms, wrists and fingers and chest, group 3 was the 'lower pain focused group' with high pain in the legs and knees, and finally, group 4 was the 'general low pain group' with low pain overall. The result of the study shows that the group that did not exercise regularly, the female group, and the low socioeconomic status group have more pain in general. The upper body central pain group showed a low level of life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study discusses various nursing interventions for the prevention of chronic pain, especially for the aged female group who has diverse body pain areas, the aged with low socioeconomic status, and the aged who do not exercise.
Tercer espacio: Modelo de tareas matemáticas con responsabilidad cultural desde el contexto indígena
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco, Huencho Anahí , Chandía Eugenio ,   Universidad de Concepción, Rojas Francisco ,   Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Williamson Guillermo ,   Universidad de la Frontera
Published: April 2023

La enseñanza de las matemáticas en contextos indígenas suele desconocer el conocimiento matemático y los estilos de enseñanza de las comunidades, posicionando el dominio escolar occidental. Las consecuencias de esto ameritan formular una -Responsabilidad Cultural propuesta que se levante desde los pueblos indígenas, por lo que esta investigación construye un modelo de tareas con responsabilidad cultural (TMRC) desde el contexto mapuche en tres territorios indígenas de Chile y sus respectivas escuelas. El trabajo con cada establecimiento y su contexto familiar se realiza bajo los ciclos de investigación y el proceso de investigación de acción participativa, desde donde se configura un modelo de TMRC con artefactos matemáticos, objetivos, actividades y gestión de clase como estructuras fundantes de un tercer espacio integrado de forma dialógica paralela entre la cultura local y la escolar.
A MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Belo Cibelli Batista , Zimer Tania Teresinha Bruns
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o que os professores de Educação Infantil revelam como contribuições à sua base de conhecimento ao participarem de um curso de Modelagem Matemática na perspectiva da Educação Matemática. Para obtenção dos dados, foi realizado um curso de extensão para professores de Educação Infantil sobre Modelagem Matemática na perspectiva da Educação Matemática. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de dois questionários, sendo o primeiro no início do curso e o outro ao final do mesmo. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a Análise Textual Discursiva de Moraes e Galiazzi (2016). Como embasamento teórico, utilizou-se de Shulman (2014), relacionado à base de conhecimento do professor, Burak (2004, 2010) e Belo (2016) sobre Modelagem Matemática e/na Educação Infantil e Lorenzato (2011) voltado à Matemática na Educação Infantil. Através dos resultados obtidos, considera-se que o curso contribuiu na formação dos professores de Educação Infantil ampliando sua base de conhecimento. Tal fato é de extrema importância visto que a Modelagem Matemática, um conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, passou a ser considerada como possibilidade para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas nessa fase de ensino. Isso possibilita a abordagem de noções e conceitos matemáticos a partir da realidade das crianças.
Quando o cartógrafo vai a campo: travessias e poéticas de um jovem professor
Authors: Sales Tiago Amaral
Published: April 2023

Este texto é tecido a partir de cartografias imbricadas através das vivências de um jovem professor de ciências da natureza e pesquisador em educação. As experimentações que se materializam nas linhas que se seguem foram vividas com os trajetos percorridos entre o fim do doutorado e o (re)começo na docência no ensino básico, sendo relatadas por um narrador que as acompanha, paradoxalmente, com certa proximidade e distância, intercaladas com escritas poéticas. A dimensão das travessias ocorre entre os espaços acadêmicos universitários e os escolares, no meio, lugar em que as coisas ganham velocidade. Para tal, materializam-se em poéticas a força do vivível, da experiência, do acontecimento, do que atravessa um corpo em seus múltiplos encontros, das maneiras de lidar com a docência, com a pesquisa e com a vida a partir do que se ensina e se aprende. Objetiva-se, assim, forjar um arquivo destes tempos e espaços de travessia na formação e na vida docente através das poéticas possíveis de serem engendradas e materializadas em um texto acadêmico. Desta maneira, são engendradas, a partir de um referencial teórico-metodológico-epistemológico das filosofias da diferença, tessituras da docência-pesquisa-vida e(m) educação.
Macro e microrregulação: a avaliação em larga escala e alguns efeitos sobre o currículo
Authors: Lacerda Lucchesi Maria Eliéte , Conti Celso Luiz Aparecido
Published: April 2023

As políticas públicas educacionais têm se configurado como um novo modelo de regulação do Estado, expresso de maneira vigorosa na avaliação em larga escala e na organização curricular. Há, desse modo, uma forma de macrorregulação que atinge especialmente as escolas, onde se observam também microrregulações, caracterizadas pela ação dos agentes escolares. Nessa perspectiva, por meio de estudos teóricos e pesquisa de campo realizada em uma escola pública municipal de Educação Básica, em município do interior do estado de São Paulo, no Brasil, este trabalho de investigação tem como objetivo analisar, em face da avaliação em larga escala denominada PROVA BRASIL, as microrregulações presentes no interior da referida unidade escolar a fim de identificar em que ações dos gestores escolares e de alguns professores elas estão presentes, como elas ocorrem, em que âmbitos de atividades e, por fim, seus motivos e suas lógicas próprias.  A análise dos dados, obtidos por meio de entrevistas com professoras e gestoras e por meio de grupo focal com as professoras, permitiu identificar estratégias de ação das professoras e gestoras, nos planos formal e informal, bem como os interesses que impulsionam essas estratégias, gerando, a longo prazo, lógicas de ação, no cotidiano escolar, que orientam a conduta na escola, em especial  em relação às práticas curriculares.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: April 2023

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Ischiofemoral Impingement Surgery Following Lumbar Spine and Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Farrell Steven Gonzales , Hatem Munif , Martin Hal David
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ischiofemoral impingement is a cause of posterior hip pain and limitation in hip extension. The compensatory motion at the lumbar spine associated with limitation in hip mobility has been associated with low-back pain, and an increase of 30% in the load at L3-L4 and L4-L5 lumbar facet joint is reported in a cadaveric study involving simulated ischiofemoral impingement. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old female developed low back pain associated with bilateral hip pain over a period of 12 years. The symptoms persisted despite 5 surgical interventions in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints. Impingement between the lesser trochanter and ischium, with limitation of hip extension, was identified on the physical examination and imaging studies. The patient underwent endoscopic partial resection of the lesser trochanter bilaterally. The Oswestry lumbar disability index improved from 56% before surgery to 14% at the 17-month follow-up. Impingement between the lesser trochanter and ischium should be considered in the differential diagnosis of low back pain. Conclusion: Ischiofemoral impingement should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with unsuccessful lumbar spine surgery. Keywords: Ischiofemoral impingement, Low back pain, Hip pain