bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Ziziphus Mauritiana Leaves for Lowering Cholesterol Level
Authors: Rosalina Linda , Mahendika Devin , Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Aziz Syahrul Abdul , Djafar Tanwir
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Indonesia as a region with a tropical climate has a variety of plants spread across various regions. These plants contain many chemicals that can easily be used as traditional medicine, one of which is bidara leaves (Ziziphus Mauritiana). Bidara leaves are not only used by people in China, but Indonesian people also use Ziziphus Mauritiana as a medicine for dysentery, diarrhea and gum swelling. Wide distribution and in large quantities in Indonesia makes it easy for people to cultivate and use it. Much research has been conducted to discuss the efficacy of Ziziphus Mauritiana. The research aims to determine the various benefits of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves which have been scientifically proven through research in Indonesia. Method: Conduct a literature search using the Google Scholar application and analyze the literature that meets the inclusion criteria. Results: From the search results and research results, we concluded about the benefits of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves. Conclusion: The greatest benefit of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves is as an antimicrobial, apart from that there are many other benefits such as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and functions as a plant that can reduce cholesterol levels in the leaves.
Pernikahan Di Bawah Umur Dalam Perundang- Undangan Di Indonesia Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Hariati Sri , Salat Musakir
Published: October 2023

Marriage is a very important momentum for the journey of human life. Besides bringing the bride and groom to a different realm, marriage will also automatically change the status of both. After marriage, both parties will receive a heavy burden and responsibility according to their respective natures. Responsibilities and burdens are not something that is easy to carry out, so they must be able to bear and carry them out. The purpose of this research is to find out how underage marriage is in the legislation in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic law. The research method used is Normative legal research, namely the method or method used in legal research that places law as a building system of norms. The results obtained are factors that cause underage marriages, namely customary and cultural factors, economic factors, religious factors, educational factors, matchmaking factors by both parents, and child willingness factors. Underage marriages in terms of Islamic law are only required to have reached puberty between the two prospective husbands and wives. As for the impacts caused by underage marriages, namely positive and negative impacts on both parties of the bride and groom such as in household life both health, education and the economy. In addition, there are efforts to prevent underage marriages.
Proposed Arabic Information Retrieval System Using Cat Swarm Optimization
Authors: Abdul Hassan Alia karim
Published: October 2023

According to the recently published research, the  developed Information Retrieval   systems are concerned with English language  documents compared to all others   in  Arabic language. لإthe morphological difficulty of Arabic language increases the concerns for the availability of Arabic test copora.   Therefore, This paper presents an Arabic information retrieval  system for text documents. The proposed algorithm   uses Cat Swarm Optimization to select the most important features with the cosine similarity. In addition, it finds the most relevant document to user query. The simulation results in using    the standard  NLEL of Arabic dataset  corpus. The proposed algorithm for Arabic document retrieval uses swarm optimization with cosine similarity which provides effectively with accuracy 81.4%.
Comprehensive Expansion in Big Data: Innovation and Technology
Authors: Zeki Abd Alsammed Suhiar Mohammed
Published: October 2023

In recent year, the use of the internet and cloud-based application has increased tremendously. With this lot of internet apps and social network have been developed. This apps and networks are growing very rapidly. Data on this network belongs to different data sizes and structures. This data in simple language is called big data. With the increasing demand for services, all the big data services are now automated, which stores and retrieve consumer's data. This data is in a different structure which makes it difficult to handle. This can include an example of road traffic data, different vehicle or person or location or atmosphere can produce a different set of data. Sometimes this data is structured while some times it may contain repeated, null or noisy data. This data may contain images and videos. The traditional database cannot handle this type of unstructured data. The best to solve this dimensionality problem is by using a dimensionality reduction technique. This paper provides the concept of big data collection, its analysis, storage and handling issues, security challenges, and other data handling technique.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Automatic Speaker Recognition Systems
Authors: Mohammed Rawia Ab. , Ali Akbas E. , Hassan Nidaa F.
Published: October 2023

Automatic speaker recognition systems use the machines to recognize an individual via a spoken sentence. Those systems recognize a specific individual or confirm an individual’s claimed identity. The most common type of voice biometrics is the Speaker Recognition. Its task focused on validation of a person’s claimed identity, using features that have been obtained via their voices. Throughout the last decades a wide range of new advances in the speaker recognition area have been accomplished, but there are still many problems that need solving or require enhanced solutions. In this paper, a brief overview of speech processing is given firstly, then some feature extraction and classifier techniques are described, also a comparative and analysis of some previous research are studied in depth, all this work leads to determine the best methods for speaker recognition. Adaptive MFCC and Deep Learning methods are determined to be more efficient and accurate than other methods in speaker recognition, thus these methods are recommend to be more suitable for practical applications.
A Comparative Between Corner-Detectors ( Harris, Shi-Tomasi & FAST ) in Images Noisy Using Non-Local Means Filter
Authors: Kadhim Haydar A. , Araheemah Waleed A.
Published: October 2023

A comparative study was conducted in this paper , between three algorithms which (Harris , Shi-Tomasi , FAST ) interested-points detection to identified the features that required to match , recognize and track objects in images noisy .

Detect the interested-points in image noisy one of the most challenges in field of image processing . The noise consider the main cause for damage the natural images during the acquisition and transition , and detect the interested-points of these images doesn’t give the desired results , so eliminating noise from this images is very important , Non-local means approach is applied for solve this problem .
Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations with Infinite Delay under state space C_r: existence and uniqueness
Authors: Asker Hussein K. , Asker Hussein K. , Kadhim Mohammed S.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we studied the neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay (NSFDEwID for short).The existence and uniqueness of solutions to NSFDEwID at the state space  have been addressed under the local Lipschitz condition and and Linear growth condition and we introduced a prove of lemma 3.4 because of it is presented in many articles without prove.
A Differential Sandwich Theorems for Analytic Functions Associated with Convolution Structure
Authors: Al-Ziadi Najah Ali Jiben , Atshan Waggas Galib
Published: October 2023

In this paper, by making use of the generalized operator, we introduce and study subordination and superordination results involving Hadamard product for certain normalized analytic functions in the open unit disk. Our results extended corresponding previously known results.
Using Markov Chains to Predict the Probability of Change in Cumulative Rates for Students of the College of Administration and Economics / University of Basrah
Authors: Ashoura Wafaa Abdul Samad , Ghafil Muna Taher
Published: October 2023

The Markov chains are of great importance for predicting future situations, and the advantages of this method is that it does not depend on the causes of the phenomenon, but rather takes it as it is, to be analyzed and predict its future state, The aim of the research is to assess the cumulative rates of students of the College of Administration and Economics, University of Basra, by estimating the probability of change in the current time and predict the probability of change in the case of stability. And we reached a decline in the probability of higher cumulative rates in the future for all sections, especially in the departments of economy, accounting and statistics by 6%.
Numerical Solution of Stochastic Heat Equation
Authors: Naser Nasir I. , Al-Saadony Muhannad Faiz
Published: October 2023

This paper will use the numerical methods to solve the stochastic heat equation driven by (Brownian motion, Brownian bridge, and Reflected Brownian motion). The numerical schema depends on the impersonation of the equation solution and includes a stochastic portion of the noise and a partial differential equation. We will apply our methods using daily temperatures in Iraq for the year 2018.
Fuzzy Neighborhood Systems in Fuzzy Topological Ring
Authors: Melgat Basim Mohammed , AL-Khafaji Munir Abdul Khalik
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we have established a necessary and sufficient condition for a family of fuzzy sets in the form {r+r.E} in a ring R that dependent of two binary operations {+ ,.} to be the family of neighborhoods of an element r of a fuzzy topological ring.
Performance Analysis of Noise Removal Techniques For Digital Images
Authors: Alawsi Wasan A. , Oleiwi Zahraa Ch. , Alwan Ali H. , Fadhil Maytham K. , Hadi Hayder M. , Hadi Nagham K.
Published: October 2023

Noise has impairment effect on image so it destroys its information. In order to overcome this problem, it is necessary to remove noise before extracting information and image processing as one of the preprocessing steps. A brief overview of various sources and types of image noise as well as noise removal technique of digital images has been produced in this paper. The general idea of this paper is to perform segmentation of the corrupted image before using noise removal filter. Noise removal filter has been used to eliminate noise for each segment of image individually after segmentation process. Then comparative study between noise removal filtering for whole image and segmentation based method has been produced with performance analysis in terms of MSE and PSNR. In this paper, MSE and PSNR are calculated for the resultant reconstructed image compared with the original image. Six image samples are used to test the Segmentation based noise removal approach. The segmentation based technique has shown best results in terms of MSE and PSNR in comparison with traditional noise removal method based filter. Simulation result show that MSE is less and PSNR is high using segmentation based noise removal method especially for image which has more details, so it superior performance as compared to the traditional method.
Combining Cubic B-Spline Galerkin Method with Quadratic Weight Function for Solving Partial Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Al-Humedi Hameeda O. , Jameel Zahraa Adnan
Published: October 2023

In this article, a numerical scheme was implemented for solving the partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with weakly singular kernel by using the cubic B-spline Galerkin method with quadratic B-spline as a weight function. backward Euler scheme was used for time direction and the cubic B-spline Galerkin method with quadratic weight function was used for spatial derivative. We observed from the numerical examples that the proposed method possesses a high degree of efficiency and accuracy. In addition, the numerical results are in suitable agreement with the exact solutions via calculating L_2 and〖 L〗_∞ norms errors. Theoretically, we discussed the stable evaluation of the current method using the Von-Neumann method, which explained that the present technique is unconditionally stable.
Influence of a Rotating Frame on the Peristaltic Flow of a Rabinowitsch Fluid Model in an Inclined Channel
Authors: Hasen Saba S. , Abdulhadi Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the simultaneous existence of inclination and rotation on the peristaltic activity of the Rabinowitsch fluid model on a symmetric inclined channel. The heat transfer analysis and heat source/sink are taken into consideration. The governing equations are addressed using the low -Reynolds and infinite wave approximations. The system of ordinary differential equations is obtained from nonlinear partial differential equations and solved numerically. The axial velocity, secondary velocity, temperature field, and stream function were calculated and analyzed. The influences of the physical parameters are discussed graphically, and the study revealed that the rotation enhances the axial velocity, secondary velocity, and temperature field.
First Chebyshev Wavelet in Numerical Solution and Signal Processing
Authors: Alabacy Zina KH. , Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah
Published: October 2023

In this work, a kind of wavelet used in many mathematical problems and numerically solved, such as heterogeneity and integral equations, are presented. The solution is close to the exact solution using the matrix of integral operations. In this paper, the issues of limited value were solved and good solutions were found. Solved examples show that.In addition, the proposed theory was used to process signals for one dimension and the noise and signal pressure were removed this was applied to some kind of signal.
Use of Exponential Holt Model and the Box-Jenkins Methodology in Predicting the Time Series of Cement Production in Sudan
Authors: Hamid Emad Yagoub , Osman Abushaba Mohammed Hassan
Published: October 2023

This study examines the prediction in time series of industrial production, showing how the accuracy of predictions obtained by the statistical models used in the study, and the ability of these models to deal with changes in time series data and the changes on the performance of these models. The study aimed mainly to find the most suitable and best statistical forecasting models to be used in the process of forecasting cement production in Sudan. Using the Box-Jenkins methodology and the exponential smoothing method (Holt model), a number of models were constructed for the study sample of the time series of cement production in Sudan. The results of the study showed that the Box-Jenkins model outperformed the Holt model, where the comparative criteria indicators indicated the preference of the ARIMA model (2,1,1). Standards. The results showed that the results of future predictions obtained using the selected model ARIMA (2,1,1) are all within the limits of confidence, which indicates the quality and accuracy of this model in the prediction. Prediction values have indicated an increase in productivity over the next 10 years. Random changes were the most important factors that directly affected the performance of both models, but they were more effective in reducing the efficiency of the Holt exponential model compared to the Box-Jenkins model.
Oscillation and Asymptotic Behavior of Solution of nth Order System Nonlinear of Neutral Differential Equation
Authors: Abdulkareem Noor Abdulameer , Li Tongxing , Mohamad Hussain Ali
Published: October 2023

In this paper, authors obtained sufficient conditions to ensure that every bounded solution of nth order nonlinear neutral differential system oscillates or nonoscillatory converges to zero as t→∞, some examples were given to explain the results obtained.
On Normal Subgroups Lattice of Dihedral Group
Authors: Abbass Husein Hadi , Kadhim Shatha Abdul-Hussein , Battor Ali Hussein
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we obtain subgroup and normal subgroup lattices of dihedral group . we also give the Hasse diagrams of these lattices of   D2p   .
The Principle IndecomposableProjective Characters of The Symmetric Groups S_22Modulo p=19
Authors: Resen Jenan AbdAlreda , Abbas Shereen Jamel , Sadiqc Haneen J.
Published: October 2023

In this paper we invention all the principle indecomposablespin(projective) characters of the symmetric group when and the  characteristic of the field is 19. The principle indecomposable spincharacters  of the symmetric group ,also can get it by determine all irreducible spin characters for  , and all irreducible modular spin characters for  , the sum of multiplication of these characters it represents the principle indecomposable spin(projective) characters  of the symmetric group .For their more can get on the irreducible spin characters for  by fixing all bar partitions for  , also we can get on all the irreducible modular spin characters for  by -inducing method, finally induce the principal indecomposable characters(P.i.s)from  (see creek*) give usprincipal indecomposable characters (P.i.s) or principal characters (P.s) of  .
On D_b-metric and general partial b-metric spaces
Authors: Abdullah Norhan I. , Shaakir Laith K.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new type of generalize metric space, which we call -metric space as a generalization of both -metric and b-metric spaces. Then we prove some fixed point theorem in this space. Also we define a general partial b-metric space as a generalize of a partial b-metric space and study their properties. Finally, find relation between partial b-metric, -metric and general partial b-metric spaces.
Some Results for Fractional Derivative Associated with Fuzzy Differential Subordinations
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Bulut Serap
Published: October 2023

In the present article, by making use of fuzzy differential subordination, we establish some interesting results of fractional derivative related to differential operator defined in the open unit disk.
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes through Risk Factors using Binary Logistic Regression
Authors: Hamid Imad Yagoub
Published: October 2023

The main objective of this study is to arrive at a highly efficient prediction model for early prediction of diabetes by relying on risk factors for diabetes as predictor variables.

Using a binary logistic regression model, a model was built for the data of study which taken from a sample of diabetics and non-diabetics persons.

The results have shown the high ability of the binary logistic regression model in predicting the diabetes-infected persons. All indicators confirm the validity and quality of the model. The results of Chi-square test (sig=0.945>.05) indicated that the model is significant. Likewise, the results of Hosmer&Lemeshow test (sig=0.945>.05) confirm that the model represents the data very well. Classification table findings were also high, as the overall percentage for the correct classification was 91%.

The significant risk factors that influential in predicting diabetes can be arranged as follows: (High blood pressure, Diabetes in the family first degree, High cholesterol, Smoking, Age above 35, Overweight and Gender).

All these results confirm the quality and accuracy of this model in predicting the disease, the thing which may indicate that the model can be used as a primary tool for predicting type-2 diabetes through risk factors.
Comparative study on encrypted database techniques
Authors: Abbas Atheer Metaab , Rahma Abdul Monem S. , Hassan Nidaa F.
Published: October 2023

Protecting data is the core of many secure systems and many users depend on a database management system (DBMS) to manage the protection. Databases are essential to many business and government organizations, holding data that reflect the organization’s core competencies. Database encryption refers to the use of encryption techniques to transform a plain text database into a encrypted database, thus making it unreadable to anyone except those who possess the knowledge of the encryption key(s). Encryption is becoming the last line of defense in database management system(DBMS)security. There is the essentiality of algorithms which are protected from intruder as well as maintain the performance of the system. Therefore, this paper presents most of the recent works that have been conducted on encrypted database techniques and analyzes them to clarify the pros and cons points in each related work. This paper has focused on previous studies for both symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques. However, they missed to show some numerical analysis that would help readers to deeply understand the difference among different techniques.
Optimization of Pyrene Biodegradation Rate by Response Surface methodology
Authors: Khudhair Ameer Badr , Abd Ali Afraji Doaa Mohsin
Published: October 2023

The application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the biodegradation process can enhance removal, reduced process variability, decrease development time and overall costs. In this study, the non-linear response behavior was analyzed using the center points and star points runs. The response was the biodegradation rate of pyrene; a 4-ring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by fungi that identified as Rhizoctonia zeae SOL3 in batch experiments. Factors like glucose concentration, NaCl concentration, initial pyrene concentration, pH, temperature and agitation were investigated to determine the optimum parameters for the biodegradation rate of pyrene. The quadratic model forecasted that the higher biodegradation of pyrene was 44.7% in 15 days, when the factors glucose concentration, temperature, NaCl concentration and initial pyrene concentration were 19.6 g/l, 28°C, 9.9 g/l and 24 mg/l respectively. Validation experiment was made in duplicate to verify the forecasted results. The biodegradation was 44% in 15 days under the optimal medium conditions, which was in good match with the forecasted values. Keywords: Response Surface Methodology, Optimization, Biodegradation, Pyrene
On Manifold Jain-Beta Operators
Authors: Sadiq Haneen J.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to construct a new sequence of linear and positive operators which called Jain-Beta operators based on a parameter . We investigated some properties of these operators when applied the approximation theorems. Moreover, we estimated the rate of convergence relying on concept the modulus of continuity. Finally, established a Voronoviskaja- type asymptotic formula.
An efficient Approximate Solution for Non-Linear Solar Cell Equation using Inverse Quadratic Interpolation Method
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed Abdulhadi
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this research is to discuss the numerical solutions of a single-diode nonlinear equation for a solar cell in a more efficient way. The inverse quadratic interpolation technique for finding the root(s) of a function is applied to our study problem. Numerical results show that the proposed three points iterative method is compatible to Newton's method, accurate and effective.
Investment of Trigonometric B-Spline to Solve I. V. Ps.
Authors: Ismael Najim A.
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted for finding approximate solution of the second order differential equation with initial conditions by using quadratic trigonometric basic spline function. It turns out through the examples analyzed (numerical results) in this field that the results are very close to the real values, given that the absolute error is very small, thus the trigonometric B-spline function investment for solving I. V. Ps is acceptable.
Influence of MHD on mixed convective heat and mass transfer analysis for the peristaltic transport of viscoplastic fluid with porous medium in tapered channel
Authors: Murad Mohammed Ali , Abdulhadi Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the influence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) on a mixed convective heat and mass transfer analysis for the peristaltic transport of viscoplastic fluid  in a non-uniform two dimensional tapered asymmetric channel with porous medium is investigated. The governed equations that described the motion of flow are simplified under assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. These equations are solved by mean of the regular perturbation method which is restricted to the smaller values of Bingham and Grashof numbers. Series solution for the axial velocity, temperature and concentration distribution have been computed. The flow quantities have been illustrated graphically for different interesting parameters. The trapping phenomena is also examined graphically
Using Time Series Models to Predict the Numbers of People Afflicted with (COVID-19) in Iraq, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Sharoot Mohammed Habeb , Alwan Habib Kazem
Published: October 2023

Covid-19 disease is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered Coronavirus. There was no knowledge of this virus before an outbreak broke out in the Chinese city of Yuhan in December 2019.  The Corona epidemic has caused the world to go through a major challenge as it has claimed the lives of many people and also disrupted the economy in most countries of the world. This has prompted many researchers in various disciplines to conduct studies and research to stand in the face of this epidemic. It is known that statistical methods have great importance for all sciences The other that stood against this epidemic.In this paper, we use time series ARIMA models by Box- Jenkins  to predict the numbers of people afflicted with  (COVID-19) in Iraq, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates and compare them based on a daily time series represent the numbers of people afflicted  in those countries for the period from 3/15/2020 to 4/5/2020 the emergence of that epidemic in those countries.
The Rational Selection of the Modules of the Values for the Processors in the System of the Residual Classes
Authors: Alsaedi Rusul Jabbar
Published: October 2023

Considered there is a set of systems of modules for 32-bit and 64-bit processors in the residual number system (RNS). The conducted substantiation of the selection criteria of values of the modules with a minimum of hardware expenses tabular implementation of RNS processor; minimum hardware expenses in the implementation of RNS processor in the binary logic which is the same type of module channels. Considered there are various systems of modules in the amount of 25 sets for 32- bit and 22 sets for 64-bit processors. The conducted investigations determine the effectiveness of the use of all sets under the consideration systems of modules in terms of each of criteria. The present analysis of the results selected the best criteria according to the systems of modules for each of the processors.
Optimal Parameters Estimation of Silicon Solar Cell Using Fuzzy Logic: Analytical Method
Authors: Mohammedali Maiada Nazar , RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein
Published: October 2023

In This research, the fuzzy logic (FC) method was used to calculate the main parameters of photovoltaic cell. Some of the basic silicon solar cell parameters were measured in the laboratory. A fuzzy logic method is used to demonstrate and compared the value of the solar cell's parameters corresponding to I-V curve of this cell. The results showed that the fuzzy logic method is very suitable for comparing the optimal values of the photovoltaic cell parameters.
Evaluation and Determination of the Parameters of a Photovoltaic Cell by an Iterative Method
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , Alabdali Osama , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an iterative method Predictor-Corrector Hally Method (HM) for finding the voltage of a solar cell single diode model from the equivalent circuit. The purposes of the obtained results are to reduce the number of iterations. Two numerically methods are applied and compared; newton's and Hally methods. The results showed that the proposed is the most efficient compare with NRM. The goal of the present work; the results obtained of PV parameters by means of various techniques and these results are compared and discussed. The acquired results presented the suggested technique (HM) was a sufficient and effective tool for solving the solar cell's model with a least iterations. All the calculations are achieved using Matlab program
Determination of PV Model Parameters Using Bisection and Secant Methods
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Ounis Tarek Diab
Published: October 2023

The mathematical modeling of solar cell device is used to demonstrate the equivalent circuit of single-diode solar cell model operating under environmental conditions. In this work, bisection (BM) and secant (SM) Methods currently exists to demonstrate the non-linear electrical behavior of this device. The proposed method is tested in order to solve non-linear equation of PV cell with various values of load resistance are characterized. Comparisons between these numerical examples have been compared. The main idea of the present work is to calculate the PV parameters numerically using different methods with the comparison between them. The results showed that secant method is the best because it has least iteration to obtain the optimal values of the PV parameters.
Determining the Voltage and Power of a Single Diode PV Cell in Matlab by Iteration
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Maalej Olfa
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a new two-step iterative method double false position method without derivatives in order to solve non-linear equation for a single-diode of a PV cell. We proved that the new proposed method with two-step iterative method could be regarded, as an alternative and modified method is accurate and efficient with a lesser number of iterations compared with the standard method NRM.
Some Step Iterative Method for Finding Roots of a Nonlinear Equation
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Enneffati Marwa
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we suggest and analyze some new iterative method free from second derivative for solving nonlinear equations for PV cell. By iteration, first one requires nine evaluations while the second one needs seven evaluations of the function and one of its first derivative with good efficiency. Many experiments are presented for showing the performance and efficiency of these numerical techniques. Proposed method perhaps sighted as an alternative to the standard and known methods.
Estimation of Single-Diode Model Parameters of PV Cell
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha
Published: October 2023

The basic motivation of the present work is to apply the Predictor-Corrector [type 2] algorithm to perform the steps in Newton's and modified Newton's methods for approximating the solution of nonlinear equation of single diode model for a solar cell. A simple starting point for the iterative solutions is proposed. Some numerical applications are depicted and show that eight iterations are required to acquire approximate solutions, which are found to be sufficient, accurate, and efficient.
A Modified Heat Diffusion Based Method for Enhancing Physical Images
Authors: Ali Ali Hassan , RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present a new denoising technique based on a modification on the heat equation. This method is mainly presented to enhance some physical images that were carried out in a physical laboratory during some experiments. A one-dimensional example using a vector and a two-dimensional example using matrices are showed in this paper to clarify how applying the modified way of solution on a heat diffusion equation can remove some existing defects in these images. In addition, we are going to make a model for a heat diffusion in two directions x and y and assemble letters from components in matrices to apply our experiment on some other different colorful and greyscale images. Finally, we calculate PSNR values for our method and compare them with some research methods to conclude that enhancing images by removing undesired defects can be done by the proposed method.
An Effective Color Image Detecting Method for Colorful and Physical Images
Authors: Ali Ali Hassan , RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , RASHID Taha , Sabri Anwar AbdulJabbar , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein
Published: October 2023

In this paper, an effective color detection technique is presented. Color detection techniques are widely used in the image processing area, especially for measuring the amount of a certain color after some modifications on an image to check wither it gets enhanced or not. We test this technique on images that were carried out in a physical laboratory during some experiments. Moreover, we will use this technique to calculate the percentage of the red color before and after “red-eye” removal process. Finally, a comparison of these techniques with some other methods has been achieved.
Intelligent Software Agent in E-Health System: - Review
Authors: Jabber Abir Hussein , Obied Prof. Dr.  Ali
Published: October 2023

The field of medical care is characterized by complexity, dynamism, and variety. Different challenges occur in healthcare (increasing cost of care, population growth and lack of caregivers). For that, intelligent applications with Agent Technology can provide better health care than the conventional medical system. In fact, the characteristics of Intelligent Agents (proactivity, sociability, autonomy) are a good choice to solve many problems in this regard, since the key success parameter it was the natural mapping for real-life medical issues into electronic life. The design of Multi-agent architecture will effectively paradigm the heterogeneous, distributed, and independent health treatment systems. The multi-agent systems have been used of individual healthcare processes such as a knowledge-depend medical system for complex, multi-parties depend on systems such as a total healthcare where The applied from multi-agent systems(mas) in health treatment sector also has been opened avenues for discovering innovative applications such as socialized and personalized health care models. Therefore, when creating an agent-depend simulation, one of the most important questions to consider is how to model the decision decision-making operations for the agents in the model. In the literature, the wide There are a variety of agent decision-making models available, all of them motivated by multiple goals and study questions. The research explains the advances made so far in the development of regulatory frameworks for deliberative autonomous software in a partially observable environment. In this paper, we display an overview for some of an agent that has attracted attention (Beliefs Desires and Intentions (BDI) and its derivatives such as Extensible Beliefs Desires and Intentions (EBDI), Beliefs-Desires-Obligations-Intentions (BOID)).).
Developed Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms for The Application of Image Encryption: A Review
Authors: Mazher Alaa Noori , Waleed Jumana , Maolood Abeer Tariq
Published: October 2023

As a consequence of the fast evolution of information technology, a substantial amount of digital information is created and disseminated over various kinds of networks. The digital image represents one of the most commonly utilized formats of digital data since it has a straight visual effect. Moreover, a digital image holds important possibilities and extra information, for instance, personal photographs are capable of conveying the persons' physical appearance as well as other details like their ages and health. So, it is significant to protect digital images from unauthorized accessing that certainly specifies the need for developing efficient lightweight cryptographic algorithms to ensure the digital images' privacy. In this review paper, several developed lightweight cryptographic algorithms and their application in digital image encryption were presented. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the recently existing related works was achieved for these developed algorithms.
New Technique for Solving Lane-Emden Equation with Vieta-Fibonacci Polynomials
Authors: Aziz Semaa Hassan
Published: October 2023

In the present work, new efficient iterative algorithm is presented for solving Lane-Emden equation with initial conditions. The solution is considered as a linear combination of Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials with unknown coefficients. First, the Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials are presented with some new important properties. A new exact formula for finding operation matrix of derivative for the Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials is constructed. Using such new properties the original Lane-Emden equation is transformed to the solution of algebraic equation with small-unknown coefficients. The obtained solution is in the form of a power series with easily computable coefficients. Comparison with some known exact and approximate solutions shows that the proposed solution is highly accurate.
Outcomes for the skew-partition (6, 6, 3) / (1, 1, 0)
Authors: Mansour Alaa Abbas , Hassan Haytham Razooki
Published: October 2023

The aim  of this work is to find the complex of characteristic zero (c.c.z.) in the case of skew-partition (6, 6, 3) / (1, 1, 0) as a diaǥram by utilizing the conceᶈts poweг of ᶈlaҫe polariẕaŧion and Caᶈęlli ideᶇtities.
A Class of Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equation
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Hussein Aldulaimi Mustafa Abdulkareem
Published: October 2023

We propose a new two-step iterative technique for solving nonlinear equations for PV cell on single diode based on the equivalent circuit of a solar cell. Some numerical examples show that the new proposed technique is comparable with the standard, classical methods and compete with Two-Point Bracketing technique. A new iterative method is used to compute the zeros of nonlinear equations of the cell.
A Special Iterative Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: RASHEED Mohammed , SHIHAB Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Jasim AL-Kinani Mohammed Hussein
Published: October 2023

In this work, we exhibit some variants iterative techniques free from second derivatives of the function foe solving nonlinear equation of the form  and observe that number of iterations of the proposed method is five. Many numerical experiments are bearing to interpret the accuracy, performance and efficiency of the new iterative technique.
An Accelerated Algorithm for Finding Roots of Nonlinear Equation
Authors: SHIHAB Suha , RASHEED Mohammed , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha , Abed Hamed Saad Hussein , Manoochehr Noghanian Toroghi
Published: October 2023

This paper concerns with a new numerical iterative method for finding the approximate solutions deals with the nonlinear equations of a solar cell (single-diode) formula associated with equivalent electrical circuit. The iterative method suggested here is free from second derivative of the function. The present study proposes to show that this new root-finding algorithm combined with a standard iterative method is capable to give an accurate solution of zero's function than classical method. Numerical experiments of the improved iterative method is analyzed and discussed on nonlinear equations.
The Resolution of Three- Mowed Weyl Module in the case of (7, 6, 3) / (1, 0, 0)
Authors: Hatem Nejood Abed , Hassan Haytham Razooki
Published: October 2023

The object of this work is investigation a presentation of the characteristic-free resolution and Lascoux resolution of (7, 6, 3)/(1, 0, 0) . A joining between the resolution of  Weyl module is also included in this work
Cubic B-splines Method for Solving Singularly Perturbed Delay Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Bloshi Zahraa Salman , Taha Bushra A.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we use the cubic B-splines method to solve the singular perturbed delay partial differential equations where the propagation term is multiplied by a small perturbation coefficient. In general, solutions to this type of problem have a boundary layer. The accuracy of the method was tested with two numerical examples and the results were compared with exact solutions and other methods.
Palm vein recognition based on convolution neural network
Authors: Al-jaberi Ali Salam , Al-juboori Ali Mohsin
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a new validation method using a convolutional neural network for palm vein recognition.  Unlike fingerprint and face.  Vein patterns are endogenous biometric features that do not change over time and that make them difficult to identify and replicate in people.  The proposed paper aims to provide a new way to identify people through their veins. This paper used the CASIA dataset, which consists of several wavelengths, in this research used the 850nm wavelength, which is clear in the veins, In addition, we divided the data into 3 cases. The first case is when the training and testing ratio is 50/50, the second case when it is 70/30, and the last case when it is 90/10. Obtained an accuracy of 98% in the case 90/10. In addition, to the proposed network, and used a well-known global network, the AlexNet network, where did the same work on it to compare the results of our proposed network with it.  As proposed network outperformed it in terms of accuracy and speed, where the accuracy was 96% in the case 90/10.
ReliefF and Association Rule Mining to Determine Cervical Cancer Causes
Authors: Shah weli Zahraa Naser
Published: October 2023

Cancer patients till this day suffer from the inability of science to predict the causes of the disease before it occurs.  One of the cancers that occupy the minds of many women is the cervical cancer because of the delay in its diagnosis as a result of its multiple and unclear causes, so scientists and researchers need to search for the most causative factors. Machine learning approaches have become one of the best and fastest ways to find associations between symptoms and causes of disease. The use of association rule mining (AR) is very effective if diagnostic features are set up. In this work, feature selection (FS) algorithm named ReliefF is used to reach the most correlated factor, then the Apriori algorithm has been updated to reduce the time and space used, and detects features that are closely related to the class attribute to access most factors that cause cervical cancer. The experimental results of the proposed work indicate a number of cervical cancer risk factors that when combined, indicate a woman's likelihood of developing cervical cancer, which is: the number of years of hormonal contraception is greater than or equal to 15, having any type of cancer or HPV or syphilis or HIV, the number of IUD insertion years exceeded 10, First sexual intercourse smaller than 13 and Number of sexual partners greater than 5. The outcomes of this work help both doctors and women to prevent cancer.
Survey of Iris Recognition using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Sami Zahra Rahim , Tayyeh Huda Kadhim , Mahdi Mohammed Salih
Published: October 2023

Deep learning is an effective data mining method that is used to analyze complex, and large quantities of data accurately and efficiently. In the last few years, the world has gone through an revolutionary change in the way of how data produced and how data are processed not similar to any time before.  The data produced must be handled accurately using intelligent methods to get accurate results. For example, iris recognition is one of the applications that needs sophisticated algorithms capable to identify one person from the other via the iris data analysis. In the recent few year, it was clear how deep learning has been used in different areas of life. One of those areas is the pattern recognition area. In this review paper, we focus on the investigation of using the deep learning technologies for these purposes. The research methodology followed in this paper is based on reviewing, analyzing the academic papers published in the last couple of years in terms of the proposed paradigm used on the iris data, and the accuracy results obtained from using that paradigm as well as mentioning the datasets used in these paper. The outcomes of this paper showed that using the deep learning method, in particular, the Convolutional neural networks, has promising future due to its success in this domain.
Numerical Study of the System of Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations by Using Spline Method
Authors: Khalaf Atyaf Jamal , Taha Bushra A.
Published: October 2023

The second order non-polynomial spline function for solving system of two nonlinear Volterra integral equations is proposed in this paper. An algorithm introduced as well to numerical examples to illustrate carry out of this method. Also, we compare the absolute error of quadratic non-polynomial spline method with absolute error of linear non-polynomial spline method and the exact solution.
A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK FOR CLOUD RESOURCES ALLOCATION
Authors: Jowda Fouad , Al-Asfoor Muntasir
Published: October 2023

As cloud computing becomes increasingly attractive to entrepreneurs and resource consumers, researchers have recognized that an integrated infrastructure is needed to explore the potential of the cloud and enhance its efficiency and features. The primary people involved in cloud system operations are usually those who use the cloud, search the cloud provider's website, and make the purchase. This challenge is caused by the lack of a mechanism to provide negotiation interfaces through cloud providers to deal with them dynamically. In addition, one of the most common obstacles that consumers face is choosing resources based on their requirements at an affordable cost. Therefore, the goal of the proposed system is to simplify the process of allocating cloud computing resources to the consumer by choosing the most appropriate offer based on the cloud computing architecture and its integration with the Multi-Agent System (MAS) framework. Accordingly, the resulting system is more efficient and responsive, and negotiations can be conducted easily. In order to find mutually appropriate solutions in terms of service quality and price. The proposed system is applicable to all types of cloud deployments. It has been built using Java programming language and uses CloudSim and JADE as the two types of emulators used in the design and implementation of the system.
Technique for Solving the Bagley-Torvik Equation via Integer-Order Differential Equations
Authors: Abduljaleel Ahmed F. , Khudair Ayad R.
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes an analytical technique for solving the Bagley-Torvik equation (BTE) in the Caputo sense. The main idea of this technique is based on reformulating the considered problem as a system of linear FDEs of half-order. Then the resulting system is transformed into a set of integer-order differential equations. In such a transformation, the singularity terms are removed from the FDE system. So, the solution of the BTE can be obtained via solving this system. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.
Bornological Transformation Group
Authors: Sadiq Farah J. , Ibrahimb Hassan H. , Imran Anwar N.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the researcher recalls the definitions of bornological set & bornological group and gives some examples in detalis. Additionally, the primary goal of this research is to introduce bornological transformation group, which are formulated on bornological group acts on bornological set. We observe that in the bornological transformation group bornological set can be partitioned into orbits. The main important part was that, researcher shows that the bornological transformation group is bornological isomorphism.