bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Quantum Lattice-Based Forward-Secure Authentication Scheme Using Fog Computing in 5G-Assisted Vehicular Networks
Authors: Al-Mekhlafi Zeyad Ghaleb , Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. , Mohammed Badiea Abdulkarem , Alsadhan Abeer Abdullah , Khalil Ayman , Alayba Abdulaziz M. , Saleh Ahmed M. Shamsan , Al-reshidi Hamad A , Almekhlafi Khalil
Published: March 2024

In recent years, intelligent transportation has made extensive use of the vehicle network made possible by fifth-generation (5G) technology. There are a lot of information security risks with the system because all messages sent between vehicles are broadcast according to the public environment. Thus, this paper proposes a post-quantum lattice-based forward-secure authentication scheme using fog computing to support quantum resistance and satisfy forward security in 5G-assisted vehicular communications. This work is efficiently updated and new secret keys are generated using the group signature for each period. In addition, the key disclosure vulnerabilities present in various conventional group signature systems are rendered moot by our method, which lowers forward security to short integer solution (SIS) hardness. The proposed scheme uses a matrix modular exponentiation and matrix transpose operations for message signature verification.
Improving landslide susceptibility prediction through ensemble Recursive Feature Elimination and meta-learning framework
Authors: Halder Krishnagopal , Srivast Amit Kumar , Ghosh Anitabha , Das Subhabrata , Banerjee Santanu , Pal Subodh Chandra , Chatterjee Uday , Bisai Dipak , Ewert Frank , Gaiser Thomas
Published: March 2024

Landslides pose significant threats to local ecological environments, causing loss of life and economic damage. This research focuses on enhancing landslide susceptibility prediction in West Bengal's Sub-Himalayan region using an innovative ensemble Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and meta-learning framework. Seven advanced machine learning models- Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Extremely Randomized Trees (ExtraTrees), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Meta Classifier (MC) - were utilized alongside Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. Through feature selection, the ensemble identifies the most significant landslide conditioning factors. Evaluation metrics, including accuracy and AUC of the ROC curve, demonstrate the ensemble's superior predictive ability. Based on the findings, models perform well with LR (AUC = 0.935), SVM (AUC = 0.972), RF (AUC = 0.983), ExtraTrees (AUC = 0.985), GB (AUC = 0.987), and XGBoost (AUC = 0.987). However, the MC performed better than individual models with AUC = 0.987. The study's implications for land-use planning and disaster management in the region are discussed and by establishing a new benchmark for landslide susceptibility mapping, this research offers a promising approach for addressing similar environmental challenges worldwide, facilitating informed decision-making and mitigation efforts in geologically sensitive areas.
Revelation of new magnetic domain wall category in the itinerant antiferromagnet Chromium
Authors: Zhang Tong , Hu Yining , Wang Xu , Chen Chen , Zhang Qingle , Zhao Dongming , Zhang Tianzhan , Wang Chenxi , Feng Donglai
Published: March 2024

Conventional magnetic domain walls are characterized by the reorientation of local moments. However, what occurs at the boundary of itinerant magnets is largely unknown. Here using spin-sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigated the microscopic boundaries of spin-density-wave (SDW) state in a prototypical itinerant anti-ferromagnet of Cr. We find at the boundary of two incommensurate SDW domains, the spins display finite-scale decay rather than reorientation. A novel double-Q SDW is generated with a second-order charge modulation. In commensurate SDW domains, a clear SDW gap is observed. Screw dislocations induced novel “half” vortex and anti-vortex that are connected by antiphase domain wall. This domain wall is characterized by vanishing spin density, where intriguing SDW in-gap states emerge, resembling the Andreev bound states in superconductors. All these unique SDW boundary structures can be viewed as consequences of local interference of two SDW, either with different Q or reversed phases. Therefore, our study revealed a new category of magnetic domain wall, the “interference wall”, with a mechanism rooted in itinerant nature.
The Mediating Effect of 3-Methoxytyrosine on TWEAK Levels and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Genetic Perspective
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xun Yixin , Liu Zhilin
Published: March 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and bile stasis. Inflammatory proteins and metabolites may be involved in PSC pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive analysis is currently lacking. In this study, we employed a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to quantify the proportion of the effect of metabolites-mediated inflammation-related proteins on PSC. The dataset includes information on PSC, levels of 91 inflammation-related proteins, and levels of 1400 metabolites in plasma. PSC data (n = 14,890) were obtained from the International PSC Study Group, while inflammation-related proteins data came from a study involving 14,824 participants. Metabolites data were sourced from a Genome-Wide Association Study with 8,299 individuals. Furthermore, we employed a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to quantify the proportion of the effect of metabolites-mediated inflammation-related proteins on PSC. After rigorous screening, we found through MR analysis that a higher genetically predicted tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 (TWEAK) levels (inverse-variance weighted method, odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.91) were associated with an increased risk of PSC. There was no compelling evidence indicating that genetically predicted PSC had an effect on TWEAK levels (OR 1.004, 95% CI 0.99–1.02). The proportion of genetically predicted TWEAK levels mediated by 3-methoxytyrosine levels was estimated to be 6.38%. Finally, we've shown a causal relationship between TWEAK levels and PSC, with some mediation by 3-methoxytyrosine. TWEAK's pivotal role in PSC as an inflammation-related protein highlights its potential as a critical therapeutic target.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Natural Leaf Extracts from Medicinal Plants
Authors: Al-Rimawi Fuad , Amayreh Mousa , Rahhal Belal , Sabieh Mahmood , Mudalal Samer
Published: March 2024

Background:
Although synthetic preservatives and antioxidants may have high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, they are usually associated with adverse effects on human health. Currently, there is a growing interest in natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different medicinal plant extracts. Olive leaf extracts (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% w/v), oleuropein (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% w/v), thyme oil (0.1%), and oleuropein in combination with thyme oil (0.4% w/v and 0.1% v/v) were used against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).
Results
The use of oleuropein resulted in complete antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. In this context, a reduction of 7 logs was achieved during the storage period (4 weeks). Oleuropein showed no fungal activity at low concentrations (0.2%), but Aspergillus niger was reduced by 2.35 logs at higher concentrations (0.6% w/v). Similar antibacterial and antifungal properties were observed for the olive leaf extracts. Oleuropein at a concentration of 0.4 w/v and a mixture of oleuropein and thyme at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.1 (v/v) showed strong antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms.
Conclusion
Olive leaf extract, thyme oil, and oleuropein have strong antibacterial and weak antifungal properties. There was a good synergistic effect between oleuropein and thymol.
Adult-Onset Wilms Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Egbe Flavius E. , Namuguzi Dan , Masaba Joseph , Babua Philip , Matumaini Hope Kibansha
Published: March 2024

Background:Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. However, the presentation of the adult variant of this tumor is rare, especially in our low-resource setting where there is a diagnostic challenge. This tumor is often missed, resulting in a poorer prognosis than that associated with the childhood variants. We present the case of a young adult with a Wilms tumor who was initially diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma.
Case presentation: This is the case of an eighteen-year-old boy who presented with a prolonged history of progressive painful left flank fullness, hematuria, low-grade fever, nausea/vomiting, and weight loss in whom examination also revealed hypertension, a tender left flank mass, and left varicocele. Abdominal/chest CT suggested a malignant tumor in the left kidney with inferior vena cava thrombosis, para-aortic lymph node involvement, and lung metastasis presumed to be renal cell carcinoma. Following radical left nephrectomy and histopathological examination, a final diagnosis of stage IV left blastemal-type Wilms tumor was made. The patient was discharged on postoperative day nine and referred for adjuvant chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy to the lung and left flank area. However, he died several weeks after surgery without adjuvant therapy after being lost to follow-up.
Conclusion:This report aims to alert clinicians of adult-onset Wilms tumor when an adult presents with a flank mass especially as this is a rare condition. This should allow for early diagnosis and expeditious management of this disease variant.
Meta-IDS: Meta-Learning Automotive Intrusion Detection Systems with Adaptive and Learnable
Authors: Wang Hong-Quan , Li Jin , Huang Dong-Hua , Tao Yao-Dong
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of vehicular communications, the widespread use of the Controller Area Network (CAN) in modern vehicles has revealed significant security vulnerabilities. However, existing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) struggle to adapt to varied attack scenarios and precisely detect low-volume attacks. In this paper, we introduce a novel IDS that employs meta-learning via the Meta-SGD algorithm, enhancing adaptability across a diverse spectrum of cyber threats, called Meta-IDS. Specifically, our methodology includes a bi-level optimization technique where the inner level focuses on optimizing detection accuracy for specific attack scenarios, and the outer level adjusts meta-parameters to ensure generalizability across different scenarios. For modeling low-volume attacks, we devise the Attack Prominence Score (APS), identifying subtle attack patterns with a threshold of APS \(\textgreater\) 7, allowing for precise differentiation of these attacks. The extensive experiment results show that the proposed method facilitates efficient tuning and rapid adaptation for different modeling paradigms in few-shot scenarios. The detection performance is exceptional, with F1-scores reaching 100% across most attack scenarios, including low-volume attacks. Also, the real-time vehicle-level evaluations demonstrate its adaptability for the vehicular networks.
Preparedness to type ΙΙ Diabetes and its correlation to food quality among students at the Syrian Private University
Authors: Al-rabdawy Abdullah , Al-mubarak Muhammad , Mardini Heba
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world and is caused by high blood sugar as a result of the body's inability to use insulin properly.
There are several factors that increase the risk of type II diabetes whether it's age, familial history, unhealthy lifestyle, unbalanced diet, and many others that raise the preparedness for type II diabetes and that's what we'll study in the research.
Materials and Methods:
A pilot study of the type of a cross-sectional study. This study targeted students at the Syrian Private University. The sample was selected randomly, and about (215) students were elected who met specific admission criteria, the most important of which was the presence of the necessary data in the conducted questionnaire, while all students were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria. Data related to this study were collected using paper Questionnaire forms. These forms were designed by the student responsible for the research under the supervision of the professor responsible for the thesis, and the information necessary to fill out these forms was collected by filling out the questionnaire by the sample members whom are the students of the Syrian Private University.
Results:
In this research, we found an important correlation between the general routine diet and the diabetes preparedness rate. By studying different dietary patterns, the result was clear that an integrated dietary routine is an effective means of preventing and avoiding diabetes type II.
It showed a relationship between several dietary patterns (such as; legumes, soft drinks, fast meals and many other dietary patterns ) and preparedness factor.
In addition to the effect of the diet on a number of risk factors, the effect of the diet was found on the risk factors studied, i.e. the proportion of the effect of the factor varies according to the diet followed.
Conclusion:
Changing lifestyle is the best way to prevent type 2 diabetes or delay its onset, especially by exercising, abstaining from smoking, and performing periodic examinations, especially paying attention to diet, as the study showed significant relationships and an important fundamental effect of diet on many risk factors. predisposition to diabetes, and maintaining moderate and acceptable proportions of carbohydrates and proteins. We also found that the general diet has an important effect on each patient’s risk rate and his or her level of predisposition to developing diabetes.
Synthesis of new multifunctional linolenic acid vanillyl ester and investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Marvella Jennifer Indra , Kim Hyung-Kwoun
Published: March 2024

Vanillyl alcohol (VA) possesses potent antioxidant activity, yet its applicability is hindered by its limited solubility in emulsions or non-polar organic solvents. Conversely, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit antibacterial properties. The combination of these compounds offers the prospect of developing novel phenolic lipid compounds with dual antioxidant and antibacterial activities, alongside enhanced solubility capabilities. In this investigation, linolenic acid vanillyl ester (LAVE) was synthesized from VA and linseed oil (LO) through a transesterification reaction employing immobilized lipase. Optimization of LAVE production was achieved by varying reaction temperature, substrate concentration, and reaction time. LAVE demonstrated efficacy in scavenging both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals in organic solvents. Antioxidant testing via lipid oxidation analysis revealed that LAVE, when distributed within emulsions, effectively impeded the formation of conjugated dienes and conjugated trienes. Furthermore, LAVE exhibited antibacterial activity against four strains of spoilage bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Alcaligenes faecalis. Zeta potential analysis substantiated the binding of LAVE to the bacterial cell surface. Propidium iodide uptake assay and fluorescence microscopy further elucidated that LAVE induces cell lysis by augmenting membrane permeability.
Brain dynamics reflecting an intra-network brain state is associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma
Authors: Sendi Mohammad , Fu Zening , Harnett Nathaniel , Rooij Sanne van , Vergara Victor , Pizzagalli Diego , Daskalakis Nikolaos , House Stacey , Beaudoin Francesca , An Xinming , Neylan Thomas , Clifford Gari , Jovanovic Tanja , Linnstaedt Sarah , Germine Laura , Bollen Kenneth , Rauch Scott , Haran John , Storrow Alan , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul , Hendry Phyllis , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher , Punches Brittany , Swor Robert , Gentile Nina , Murty Vishnu , Hudak Lauren , Pascual Jose , Seamon Mark , Harris Erica , Chang Anna , Pearson Claire , Peak David , Merchant Roland , Domeier Robert , Rathlev Niels , O'Neil Brian , Sergot Paulina , Sanchez Leon , Bruce Steven , Sheridan John , Harte Steven , Kessler Ronald , Koenen Karestan , McLean Samuel , Stevens Jennifer , Calhoun Vince , Ressler Kerry
Published: March 2024

This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants’ dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, pcorrected= 0.021) and future (r=-0.166, pcorrected= 0.029) PTS symptom severity. Also, dynamics of an intra-network brain state correlated with future symptom intensity (r = 0.192, pcorrected = 0.021). We additionally observed that the association between the network dynamics of the inter-network brain state with symptom severity is more pronounced in females (r=-0.244, pcorrected = 0.014). Our findings highlight a potential link between brain network dynamics in the aftermath of trauma with current and future PTSD outcomes, with a stronger protective effect of inter-network brain states against symptom severity in females, underscoring the importance of sex differences.
Ultra enhanced boost active switched based quasi Z-source inverter
Authors: Dutta Avismit , Das Sudhansu Sekhar , Panda Aurobinda
Published: March 2024

A high voltage gain inverter is essential requirements in high voltage applications. Z-source inverter (ZSI) is widely used for such a kind of applications. However, as the time goes on, new applications needed more boosting voltage from limited magnitude of voltage source. Hence effort is still continuing to increase the gain of ZSI but using optimum number of components. In most recently some ultra-gain topologies has been published in literature. The gain of these ultra-gain topologies is highest in contemporary times. However still there is a possibility to increase the voltage gain using same number of components that are already used in the ultra-gain topologies. In this manuscript, a topology has been proposed which provide higher voltage gain among the latest ultra-gain topologies. The proposed topology uses an active switch in the impedance network along with the components. The mathematical model along with the simulink and hardware model has been presented in the manuscript.
Implementing ultrasound education: An active learning programme (Skills Labs) for midwifery students
Authors: Ricci Francesca , Canepa Matilde , Michelerio Virginia
Published: March 2024

Background:
Since 2011, in Italy, midwives have been granted the authorization to employ ultrasound as a valuable tool for monitoring maternal and foetal parameters. This technology enables timely and accurate interpretation and assessment of the normal progression of pregnancy and labor. This specialized skill can only be acquired through comprehensive training for both practitioners and students.
This study aimed to implement a structured learning program for developing the technical and practical skills required for obstetric ultrasound using a field-based laboratory teaching approach.
Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching methodology used.
Methods:
The approved experimental study was conducted at a university in northern Italy.
This initiative engaged thirty-seven students in their second and third years of the midwifery degree program at the University of Genoa. In addition to their standard coursework, they participated in a two-hour session, which entailed viewing instructional video tutorials. Subsequently, they collaborated in small groups to construct a checklist for conducting obstetric ultrasounds during pregnancy and generate a shared document.
Following this preparatory phase, each student independently performed five scans on pregnant women attending San Martino Polyclinic Hospital in Genoa.
The study sample, consisting of 83 women, included singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Learning progress was evaluated using the prepared checklist.
This study used the validated Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning Scale questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the teaching methodology, which was a secondary objective of the study.
Results:
The results unequivocally demonstrated the practical efficacy and utility of the project, along with the high levels of satisfaction reported by the participating students from both academic years.
Conclusion:
Consequently, there is a strong case for incorporating this initiative into the curriculum of the midwifery degree program, thereby ensuring the continuity of this project that arose because of this study.
Although the study results are positive, the researchers suggest conducting a follow-up evaluation one year later to determine whether the skills acquired through the training are retained over time.
Trial registration:
The Ethics Committee approved the study (Resolution No. 1151 of 19/07/2023).
No Evidence of a Genetic Causal Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Low Back Pain: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Lele , Xu Yuzhu , Fan Pan , Wang Yuntao
Published: March 2024

Background: To investigate the causal relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low back pain (LBP) using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using summary statistics from a public genetic variation database for a European population. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighting method (IVW), with supplementary methods including the weighted median model, MR-Egger, simple model, and weighted model. Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and the leave-one-out (LOO) sensitivity test were applied to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy of identified instrumental variables (IVs). TwoSampleMR and MR-PRESSO packages in R software conducted all analyses.
Results: The IVW method indicated that MetS (OR=1.003, 95%CI=1.002-1.004, P=3.47×10-6) and waist circumference (OR=1.003, 95%CI= 1.002-1.004, P=1.03×10-6) were linked to an increased risk of LBP in the European population. However, the OR was close to 1, suggesting a lack of a causal relationship. No statistically significant association was found between fasting blood glucose (OR= 0.999, 95% CI= 0.997-1.002, P= 0.661), hypertension (OR= 1.005, 95% CI= 0.997-1.013, P= 0.241), triglycerides (OR= 1.000, 95% CI= 0.999-1.001, P= 0.757), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR= 0.999, 95% CI= 0.998-1.000, P= 0.069), and LBP in the European population. The funnel plot was symmetric and LOO sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the MR analysis were not driven by a single SNP. Moreover, no heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy or outliers were identified.
Conclusions: This MR study does not support a causal relationship between MetS and its components and the risk of LBP.
Flow reactor experiments of high-temperature graphite oxidation and nitridation
Authors: Anderson Nicholas A. , Zolfaghari Philip , Bhattacharya Souvik , Capponi Lorenzo , Oldham Trey , Sankaran R. Mohan , Elliott Gregory S. , Panerai Francesco
Published: March 2024

Predicting the gas-surface interactions of solid carbon is necessary for the design of many engineering systems that employ graphite. Experimental determination of the reaction rates improves the fidelity of those predictions. Here, we study oxidation and nitridation of graphite by thermal and non-thermal, plasma assisted processes. Experiments are conducted at a pressure of 2 kPa, higher than previous flow reactor experiments of this kind and closer to the conditions experienced in engineering applications. At these higher pressures, the limitations of mass transport and the interference between oxygen and nitrogen species become important. Reaction rates are determined from mass loss, reaction products are identified with mass spectrometry, and surface roughening is characterized by electron microscopy.
Enhancing Efficiency in Explicit 3D Geological Modeling and Accuracy of Attribute Interpolation for Urban Underground Spaces: A Case Study in Shanghai
Authors: Xue Tao , Hang Zhenquan , Shib Yujin
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling plays a crucial role in the development of urban underground spaces. Currently, the process of 3D geological modeling for urban underground spaces confronts challenges related to data sparsity and limited automation. In addition, the attribute interpolation method does not consider the influence of strata, which undermines the precision of the interpolation. This paper presents an automated process for creating 3D geological models using multisource data. Initially, diverse geological profiles, seismic records, and contour data from various sources were amalgamated into unified virtual borehole data, augmenting the actual borehole data in 3D geological modeling. Subsequently, a hierarchical approach was developed and implemented to improve the explicit modeling efficiency of automatic 3D geological model construction. Ultimately, 3D geological structures are categorized into various configurations, such as single layer, horizontal stratification, and average layering, tailored to meet specific requirements. Incorporating pertinent stratigraphic data during the interpolation phase enhances the accuracy of attribute model interpolation. This study offers technical support for the development and utilization of urban underground spaces in Shanghai.
Can general exercise be used as an empowering tool among women with endometriosis? Experiences and practice among women with endometriosis and women’s health physiotherapists
Authors: Tennfjord Merete , Gabrielsen Rakel , Bø Kari , Engh Marie Ellström , Molin Marianne
Published: March 2024

Background
The potential benefit of exercise to alleviate symptoms of endometriosis is unclear. Still, exercise may be used to empower women and manage disease symptoms. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to explore how general exercise is experienced among women with endometriosis and 2) to assess whether women’s health physiotherapists are implementing exercise in their treatment.
Methods
Qualitative interviews were performed with 19 women with endometriosis, recruited after cessation of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), testing the effect of exercise as self-management (10 from the exercise group and nine from the control group). Responses to the question “Did participation in the study change your view of exercise as part of the treatment for endometriosis?“ were analyzed. In addition, a cross-sectional survey was performed among women's health physiotherapists working in the Nordic countries (n = 108), exploring their practice of manual treatments and supervised general exercise for endometriosis patients. Associations with manual and combined treatments of manual treatment and supervised regular general exercise were explored in relation to experience in women's health, assumed patient severity, and working in an interdisciplinary setting. Chi-square tests were used.
Results
From the RCT, the women from the exercise and control groups brought forward the importance of knowledge about the benefits of exercise to make informed decisions in disease management. The women in the exercise group described how exercise was perceived as less frightening and manageable when exposed to various intensities and types of exercises in a safe and supportive environment. The supervised exercise brought an extra dimension of belonging through group participation. From the survey, 75% of the physiotherapists stated to offer manual treatments only, whereas 24% combined manual treatments with regular supervised general exercise training individually or in groups. No differences between groups related to the variables of interest were found.
Conclusions
To experience exercise as safe and non-threatening, creating a sense of belonging through regular supervision and guidance is essential. Still, few women's health physiotherapists offer exercise for self-management of pain as part of their daily practice in treating women with endometriosis.
Trial registration
NCT05091268
Study on the Pharmacological Mechanism of the Xihuang Pill and its Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Nontargeted Metabonomics
Authors: Su Yi-fan , Zhao Xiao-hui , Li De-hui , Liu Jiao , Liu Xu-kuo
Published: March 2024

Objective. To study the main differential metabolites of Xihuang Pill (XHP) in rat serum and the mechanism of related pathways of metabolites on breast cancer.
Method. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites in XHP drug serum group and blank serum group by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology. And using sample correlation heat map and multivariate statistical analysis methods to compare the metabolic differences between the two groups. The metabolites were analyzed by cluster analysis, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and Genomes (KEGG) compound classification and KEGG functional and enrichment topology analysis.
Result. LC-MS technology identified a total of 765 metabolites in the XHP drug serum group; a total of 697 metabolites in the blank serum group. VIP analysis screened the top 30 serum differential metabolites that were significantly different between the two groups, such as Abscisic acid, Quillaic acid, 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, Corey PG-Lactone Diol, (S)-Naproxen and so on. KEGG compound classification showed that most of the metabolites in XHP were classified as phospholipids and amino acids, steroid hormones and carboxylic acids . KEGG functional pathways main involved are Lipid metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Cancer: overview. KEGG enrichment and topology analysis, mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and beta-alanine metabolism pathway.
Conclusion. The main differential metabolite of XHP in rat serum may be Abscisic acid. XHP may exert its pharmacological effect on breast cancer by regulating steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway to regulate estrogen and progesterone levels and beta-alanine metabolism pathway to induce cancer cell apoptosis.
Machine learning-based bioinformatics analysis of common hub genes associated with oxidative stress and immune infiltration in COPD and atherosclerosis Running title: Bioinformatics analysis of common hub OS genes in COPD and Atherosclerosis
Authors: 全 金海 , Fan Weijie , 李 仕森 , Xie Huaijin , Quan BiChen , Li Shanghai , Huang Ruina , Liang Weijun
Published: March 2024

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are both chronic irreversible diseases in the aged population, with oxidative stress (OS) and immune activation as the pathological basis. This study explored the common hub gene associated with OS and immune cell infiltration in AS and COPD.
Methods
Genes associated with AS were identified by the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the GSE100927 dataset. Genes associated with COPD were analyzed by WGCNA in the GSE76925 dataset. Functional enrichment analysis was carried out by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The common hub OS-related genes were analyzed by the intersection of the WGCNA modules of AS and COPD and OS‑related genes, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and lasso regression. The diagnostic value of the hub common genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The association of the hub common genes with immune infiltration in AS and COPD was analyzed by the Spearman correlation method.
Results
A total of 455 DEGs (336 upregulated genes and 139 downregulated genes) were identified in GSE100927. The turquoise module of WGCNA in GSE100927 and the yellow module of WGCNA in GSE76925, which are the most relevant modules, were intersected and obtained 25 common OS-related genes between AS and COPD. Those common OS-related genes were enriched in signaling pathways related to immunity and OS. Two hub common OS-related genes (SELL and MMP9) were identified and showed good diagnostic value in AS and COPD. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the hub common OS-related genes positively or negatively correlated with various infiltrating immune cells.
Conclusion
Our study identified the common hub genes (SELL and MMP9) associated with OS and immune infiltration in AS and COPD, providing candidate therapeutic targets for AS combined with COPD.
Recent Trends and Disparities in 24-hour Movement Behaviors among US Youth with Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Hou Meijun , Herold Fabian , Cheval Boris , Owen Neville , Teychenne Megan , Gerber Markus , Ludyga Sebastian , Damme Tine , Hossain M. Mahbub , Yeung Albert S , Raichlen David , Hallgren Mats , Pindus Dominika , Maltagliati Silvio , Werneck André O. , Kramer Arthur F. , Smith Ashleigh E. , Collins Audrey M. , Erickson Kirk I. , Healy Sean , Haegele Justin A. , Block Martin E , Lee Eun Young , García-Hermoso Antonio , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Falck Ryan S. , Zou Liye
Published: March 2024

Background
Meeting 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep [SL]) recommendations may be associated with positive health outcomes among youth with specific mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental (MBD) conditions. However, temporal trends and disparities in meeting 24-HMB guidelines in these higher-risk groups have not been investigated, hampering the development of evidence-based clinical and public health interventions.
Methods
Serial, cross-sectional analyses of nationally representative data (including U.S. youth aged 6–17 years with MBD conditions) were conducted. The time-trends survey data was conducted between 2016 and 2021. Meeting single-behavior and integrated 24-HMB guidelines were operationalized as follows: PA ≥ 60 min/d moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, no more than 2 h/d of ST, and a sleep duration of 9 to 11 h/d for those aged 6 to 13 years (children) and 8 to 10 h/d for those aged 14 to 17 years (adolescents).
Results
Data on 52,634 individuals (mean age, 12.0 years [SD,3.5]; 28,829 [58.0%] boys) were analyzed. From 2016 to 2021, the estimated trend of meeting SL guideline alone increased (3.7% [95%CI,3.2–4.9%], P for trend < 0.001), whereas meeting ST guideline alone decreased (-2.0% [-2.4% to -1.5%], P for trend < 0.001). The estimated trend in meeting integrated (PA + ST + SL) guidelines declined (-0.8% [95%CI, -1.0% to -0.5%], P for trend < 0.001), whereas meeting none of 24-HMB guidelines increased (2.2% [1.8–2.6%], P for trend < 0.001). White participants, children, and boys reported higher estimated prevalence of meeting full integrated (PA + ST + SL) guidelines.
Discussion
The temporal trends observed in this study highlight the importance of consistently monitoring physical behavior among MBD youth and identifying variations by sociodemographic groups in meeting 24-HMB guidelines for health promotion within these vulnerable groups.
Synthesis of Caprolactam through Dehydration and Cyclization of 6-Hydroxycaproamide
Authors: Zhai Chenghan , Ma Zhengxiang , Wang Yanji
Published: March 2024

The study focuses on the dehydration and cyclization of 6-hydroxycaproamide, a key raw material, into ε-caprolactam (CPL), an important polymer precursor. A bimetallic catalyst, Ru-Co/TiO2, was prepared using the impregnation method and characterized using XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, and TEM. The investigation delves into the impact of various parameters, including metal loading, choice of solvent, solvent ratio, catalyst dosage, and reaction time, on the yield of the final product. The findings demonstrate a significant synergistic effect between Ru and Co in the bimetallic Ru5Co6/TiO2 catalyst, leading to improved catalytic performance. Under the optimized reaction conditions (250°C, 1 MPa N2, 1,4-dioxane: NH3·H2O = 2:1 as the solvent ratio), the conversion rate of 6-hydroxycaproamide (6-HCM) reaches 99.0%, with a CPL yield of 62.2%.
Correlation of protein binding pocket properties with hits’ chemistries used in generation of ultra-large virtual libraries
Authors: Song Robert X. , Nicklaus Marc C. , Tarasova Nadya I.
Published: March 2024

Although the size of virtual libraries of synthesizable compounds is growing rapidly, we are still enumerating only tiny fractions of the drug-like chemical universe. Our capability to mine these newly generated libraries also lags their growth. That is why fragment-based approaches that utilize on-demand virtual combinatorial libraries are gaining popularity in drug discovery. These à la carte libraries utilize synthetic blocks found to be effective binders in parts of target protein pockets and a variety of reliable chemistries to connect them. There is, however, no data on the potential impact of the chemistries used for making on-demand libraries on the hit rates during virtual screening. There are also no rules to guide in the selection of these synthetic methods for production of custom libraries. We have used the SAVI (Synthetically Accessible Virtual Inventory) library, constructed using 53 reliable reaction types (transforms), to evaluate the impact of these chemistries on docking hit rates for 39 well-characterized protein pockets. The data shows that the hit rates differ significantly for different chemistries with cross coupling reactions such as Sonogashira, Suzuki-Miyaura, Hiyama and Liebeskind-Srogl coupling producing the highest hit rates. Hit rates appear to depend not only on the property of the formed chemical bond but also on the diversity of available building blocks and the scope of the reaction. The data identifies reactions that deserve wider use through increasing the number of corresponding building blocks and suggests the reactions that are more effective for pockets with certain physical and hydrogen bond-forming properties.
Comparative Analysis of Text Mining and Clustering Techniques for Assessing Functional Dependency between Manual Test Cases
Authors: Tahvili Sahar , Hatvani Leo , Felderer Michael , Gomes Francisco , Feldt Robert
Published: March 2024

Text mining techniques have garnered increasing interest for qualitative data analysis in software testing, especially with the advent of machine learning for natural language processing. However, the intricate nature of text mining techniques can pose challenges to their applicability, particularly in domains characterized by safety-critical systems. In such contexts, simpler and more transparent solutions may be preferable unless they significantly compromise accuracy. This study explores the trade-off between complexity, effort, accuracy, and utility of text mining and clustering technologies. The study evaluates the performance of different techniques in the context of detecting functional dependencies between manual integration test cases within safety-critical systems. Empirical data from an industrial testing project conducted at ALSTOM Sweden is used to assess the effectiveness of these techniques. The findings shed light on the comparative effectiveness of various text mining and clustering approaches in the specific context of safety-critical systems, providing insights for practitioners and researchers.
Dynamic Changes of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Neurotransmitter Defect Profile in Patients with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Yuan Jiarui , Nie Dingxin , Liu Chengxiang , Wang Pinxiao , Zheng Wanxiang , Liu Kepu , Feng Jianyong , Zhang Yuntao , Wang Yanzhu , Liu Peng , Gao Junjun , Gao Ming
Published: March 2024

Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is a vexing male sexual disorder potentially linked to brain dysfunctions, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Data of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired from 46 LPE patients and 35 male healthy controls. We firstly investigated altered temporal variability of spontaneous brain activity fluctuations of LPE patients using sliding-window approach. Secondly, the correlation analysis was performed between brain areas with abnormal brain dynamics and clinical characteristics. Finally, the relationship between brain dynamic abnormalities and the impairments of specific neurotransmitter systems in LPE patients was assessed using JuSpace. Dynamic analysis revealed that LPE patients had decreased dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) in the precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), frontal gyrus, rolandic operculum and increased dReHo in the lingual gyrus (LING), precuneus, calcarine cortex, fusiform gyrus. While analysis also revealed that LPE patients had decreased dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) in the LING gyrus, occipital cortex, and increased dALFF in the cuneus, postcentral gyrus. Correlation analysis exhibited the mean dReHo of left SMA was positive associated with the ejaculation latency time (IELT) scores. Moreover, aberrant brain dynamic was significantly associated with the spatial distribution of serotonin and endogenous opioid peptide pathways. Our study indicates LPE patients brain dynamic abnormality involved in multiple brain networks, and suggests that the LPE pathophysiology may be involved in neurotransmitter system imbalances. We hope our findings may offer fresh insights into the mechanisms of LPE and potential avenues for treatment in future.
Representation of multimorbidity and frailty in the development and validation of kidney failure prognostic prediction models: a systematic review
Authors: Walker Heather , Day Scott , Grant Christopher H. , Jones Catrin , Ker Robert , Sullivan Michael K. , Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Gallacher Katie , Mark Patrick B.
Published: March 2024

Background and hypothesis: Prognostic models that identify individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at greatest risk of developing kidney failure help clinicians to make decisions and deliver precision medicine. It is recognised that people with CKD usually have multiple long-term health conditions (multimorbidity) and often experience frailty. We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the representation and consideration of multimorbidity and frailty within CKD cohorts used to develop and/or validate prognostic models assessing the risk of kidney failure.
Methods: We identified studies that described derivation, validation or update of kidney failure prognostic models in MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and the Cochrane Library – CENTRAL. The primary outcome was representation of multimorbidity or frailty. The secondary outcome was predictive accuracy of identified models in relation to presence of multimorbidity or frailty.
Results: 97 studies, reporting 121 different kidney failure prognostic models were identified. Two studies reported prevalence of multimorbidity and a single study reported prevalence of frailty. The rates of specific co-morbidities were reported in a greater proportion of studies: 67.0% reported baseline data on diabetes, 54.6% reported hypertension, and 39.2% reported cardiovascular disease. No studies included frailty in model development and only one study considered multimorbidity as a predictor variable. No studies assessed model performance in populations in relation to multimorbidity. A single study assessed associations between frailty and the risks of kidney failure and death.
Conclusions: There is a paucity of kidney failure risk prediction models that consider the impact of multimorbidity and/or frailty, resulting in a lack of clear evidence-based practice for multimorbid or frail individuals. These knowledge gaps should be explored to help clinicians know whether these models can be used for CKD patients who experience multimorbidity and/or frailty.
Systematic review registration: This review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022347295).
Human Capital impact on productivity in Chinese enterprises: analyzing the mediating role of innovation
Authors: Nie Xia
Published: March 2024

Human capital can increase productivity by enhancing the innovation, creativity, and technological levels of enterprises. However, it can threaten productivity if inappropriately designed and structured since education and training consume resources like time and finance. This research investigates the impact of human capital on productivity among enterprises in China between 2008 and 2015, using a fixed-effects model. In addition, it measures this impact among enterprises with different levels of productivity levels using the quantile regression technique. Moreover, it examines the moderating role of innovation in this impact by employing the moderating regression method. The results confirm the beneficial impacts of human capital including education, technical skills, and work experience on productivity in Chinese enterprises in the comprehensive analysis. This impact differs in enterprises with various levels of productivity as workers with doctorate and master degrees and middle technical skills indicate higher constructive impacts on productivity. The results of the mediating examination reveal the considerable mediating role of innovation in this impact. These findings highlight the importance of human resource management in enterprises and imply that enterprises with high productivity levels involve complex and advanced systems needing further educated and skillful workers. Therefore, managers should promote investment in human resources and R&D endeavors to escalate productivity, especially in enterprises with higher levels of productivity and technology at the microeconomic level.
Measurements of White-to-White Corneal Diameter and Anterior Chamber Parameters using the Pentacam AXL Wave and their correlations in the Adult Saudi population
Authors: Alotaibi Wafa M. , Challa Naveen , Alrasheed Saif H. , Abanmi Rahaf Nasser
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To report the distribution and association between white-to-white corneal diameter and anterior chamber parameters in the Saudi adult population.
Methods
Cross-sectional prospective study consisting of 82 Saudi adults. White-to-white corneal diameter, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were collected from healthy subjects using the Pentacam AXL Wave in a tertiary eye care setting.
Results
Mean white-to-white corneal diameter, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were 11.95 ± 0.39 mm, 37.94 ± 5.01°, 2.97 ± 0.31 mm and 23.93 ± 0.97 mm, respectively. A significant moderate correlation was found between white-to-white corneal diameter and anterior chamber angle (r = 0.31, p ≤ 0.01), anterior chamber depth (r = 0.49, p ≤ 0.01), and axial length (r = 0.50, p ≤ 0.01) and between anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, age was moderately correlated with anterior chamber angle (r = 0.44, p 0.01) and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.39, p 0.01) and weakly correlated with white-to-white corneal diameter (r = 0.17, p = 0.12). Males had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher white-to-white corneal diameter (12.12 ± 0.38 mm) than females (11.84 ± 0.36.mm).
Conclusion
Reference values for white-to-white corneal diameter and anterior chamber parameters would help eye care professionals choose the right lenses for cataract and refractive surgeries as well as in diagnosing glaucoma and corneal disorders.