bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of transmission characteristics of CVD-grown graphene and effect of tuning electrical properties of graphene up to 50 GHz
Authors: Okuda Ryota , Niwano Kazuhiko , Hatada Kaname , Kokubu Kei , Suga Ryosuke , Watanabe Takeshi , Koh Shinji
Published: August 2023

Graphene has been investigated as a transparent conductive film for use in a variety of devices, and in recent years it has shown promise for use in millimeter-wave devices as 5G technology. In this study, we applied single-layer (SL), triple-layer (3L), and P-type doped 3L graphene to coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines and obtained transmission characteristics (S21) from 1 to 50 GHz, which covered the 5G band. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model of the CPW used in the measurements was constructed and simulations were performed, which showed good agreement with the measured results. The results validated the transmission properties of the graphene and the contact impedance at the interface between electrodes and the graphene in CPW circuits, which are necessary parameters for designing antennas using graphene. In addition, by comparing the transmission loss of three types of graphene, the parameters for improving the transmission characteristics were clarified.
Radar sensor based machine learning approach for precise vehicle position estimation
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Khan Abd Ullah , Sandhu Moid , Shoukat Ijaz Ali , Jafri Mohsin , Shin Hyundong
Published: August 2023

Estimating vehicles’ position precisely is essential in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) for their safe, autonomous, and reliable operation. The conventional approaches used for vehicles’ position estimation, like Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), pose significant data delays and data transmission errors, which render them ineffective in achieving precision in vehicles’ position estimation, especially under dynamic environments. Moreover, the existing radar-based approaches proposed for position estimation utilize the static values of range and azimuth, which make them inefficient in highly dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose a radar-based relative vehicle positioning estimation method. In the proposed method, the dynamic range and azimuth of a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar is utilized to precisely estimate a vehicle’s position. In the position estimation process, the speed of the vehicle equipped with the radar sensor, called the reference vehicle, is considered such that a change in the vehicle’s speed changes the range and azimuth of the radar sensor. For relative position estimation, the distance and relative speed between the reference vehicle and a nearby vehicle are used. To this end, only those vehicles are considered that have a higher possibility of coming in contact with the reference vehicle. The data recorded by the radar sensor is subsequently utilized to calculate the precision and intersection Over Union (IOU) values. You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 is utilized to calculate precision and IOU values from the data captured using the radar sensor. The performance is evaluated under various real-time traffic scenarios in a MATLAB-based simulator. Results show that our proposed method achieves 80.0% precision in position estimation and obtains an IOU value up to 87.14%, thereby outperforming the state-of-the-art.
Adsorptive removal of acid red 18 dye from aqueous solution using hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride modified nano-pumice
Authors: Kasraee Mahboobeh , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Hamidi Farshad , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Karri Rama Rao , Rajamohan Natarajan , Solangi Nadeem Hussain
Published: August 2023

Discharging untreated dye-containing wastewater gives rise to environmental pollution. The present study investigated the removal efficiency and adsorption mechanism of Acid Red 18 (AR18) utilizing hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTMA.Cl) modified Nano-pumice (HMNP), which is a novel adsorbent for AR18 removal. The HDTMA.Cl is characterized by XRD, XRF, FESEM, TEM, BET and FTIR analysis. pH, contact time, initial concentration of dye and adsorbent dose were the four different parameters for investigating their effects on the adsorption process. Response surface methodology-central composite design was used to model and improve the study to reduce expenses and the number of experiments. According to the findings, at the ideal conditions (pH = 4.5, sorbent dosage = 2.375 g/l, AR18 concentration = 25 mg/l, and contact time = 70 min), the maximum removal effectiveness was 99%. The Langmuir (R2 = 0.996) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999) models were obeyed by the adsorption isotherm and kinetic, respectively. The nature of HMNP was discovered to be spontaneous, and thermodynamic investigations revealed that the AR18 adsorption process is endothermic. By tracking the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for five cycles under ideal conditions, the reusability of HMNP was examined, which showed a reduction in HMNP's adsorption effectiveness from 99 to 85% after five consecutive recycles.
Short-term streamflow modeling using data-intelligence evolutionary machine learning models
Authors: Martinho Alfeu D. , Hippert Henrique S. , Goliatt Leonardo
Published: August 2023

Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for efficient water resources management. Machine learning (ML) models are the tools to meet this need. This paper presents a comparative research study focusing on hybridizing ML models with bioinspired optimization algorithms (BOA) for short-term multistep streamflow forecasting. Specifically, we focus on applying XGB, MARS, ELM, EN, and SVR models and various BOA, including PSO, GA, and DE, for selecting model parameters. The performances of the resulting hybrid models are compared using performance statistics, graphical analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results show that the hybridization of BOA with ML models demonstrates significant potential as a data-driven approach for short-term multistep streamflow forecasting. The PSO algorithm proved superior to the DE and GA algorithms in determining the optimal hyperparameters of ML models for each step of the considered time horizon. When applied with all BOA, the XGB model outperformed the others (SVR, MARS, ELM, and EN), best predicting the different steps ahead. XGB integrated with PSO emerged as the superior model, according to the considered performance measures and the results of the statistical tests. The proposed XGB hybrid model is a superior alternative to the current daily flow forecast, crucial for water resources planning and management.
Integrated analysis of inflammatory mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs elucidates the molecular interactome behind bovine mastitis
Authors: Hasankhani Aliakbar , Bakherad Maryam , Bahrami Abolfazl , Shahrbabak Hossein Moradi , Pecho Renzon Daniel Cosme , Shahrbabak Mohammad Moradi
Published: August 2023

Mastitis is known as intramammary inflammation, which has a multifactorial complex phenotype. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis of mastitis remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized a combination of RNA-seq and miRNA-seq techniques, along with computational systems biology approaches, to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular interactome involved in mastitis. We retrieved and processed one hundred transcriptomic libraries, consisting of 50 RNA-seq and 50 matched miRNA-seq data, obtained from milk-isolated monocytes of Holstein–Friesian cows, both infected with Streptococcus uberis and non-infected controls. Using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach, we constructed co-expressed RNA-seq-based and miRNA-seq-based modules separately. Module-trait relationship analysis was then performed on the RNA-seq-based modules to identify highly-correlated modules associated with clinical traits of mastitis. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to understand the functional behavior of these modules. Additionally, we assigned the RNA-seq-based modules to the miRNA-seq-based modules and constructed an integrated regulatory network based on the modules of interest. To enhance the reliability of our findings, we conducted further analyses, including hub RNA detection, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, screening of hub-hub RNAs, and target prediction analysis on the detected modules. We identified a total of 17 RNA-seq-based modules and 3 miRNA-seq-based modules. Among the significant highly-correlated RNA-seq-based modules, six modules showed strong associations with clinical characteristics of mastitis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the turquoise module was directly related to inflammation persistence and mastitis development. Furthermore, module assignment analysis demonstrated that the blue miRNA-seq-based module post-transcriptionally regulates the turquoise RNA-seq-based module. We also identified a set of different RNAs, including hub-hub genes, hub-hub TFs (transcription factors), hub-hub lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), and hub miRNAs within the modules of interest, indicating their central role in the molecular interactome underlying the pathogenic mechanisms of S. uberis infection. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular crosstalk between immunoregulatory mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs during S. uberis infection. These findings offer valuable directions for the development of molecular diagnosis and biological therapies for mastitis.
Reduction of GAS5 and FOXD3-AS1 long non-coding RNAs in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Zamani Bita , Mehrab Mohseni Mahdieh , Naghavi Gargari Bahar , Taheri Mohammad , Sayad Arezou , Shirvani-Farsani Zeinab
Published: August 2023

Bipolar disorder (BD) patients suffer from severe disability and premature death because of failure in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Although neural mechanisms of bipolar have not been fully discovered, studies have shown long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role in signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT pathway. There has been little study on deregulated lncRNAs and the lncRNAs’ mode of action in the BD. Hence, we aimed to investigate the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway-related lncRNAs named TUG1, GAS5, and FOXD3-AS1 lncRNAs in the PMBC in 50 bipolar patients and 50 healthy controls. Our results showed that FOXD3-AS1 and GAS5 under-expressed significantly in bipolar patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0028 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Moreover, after adjustment, all P values remained significant (q value < 0.0001). According to the ROC curve, AUC (area under the curve), specificity, and sensitivity of these lncRNAs, GAS5 and FOXD3-AS1 might work as BD candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Taken together, the current results highlight that the dysregulation of FOXD3-AS1 and GAS5 may be associated with an increased risk of BD.
Lightning nowcasting with aerosol-informed machine learning and satellite-enriched dataset
Authors: Song Ge , Li Siwei , Xing Jia
Published: August 2023

Accurate and timely prediction of lightning occurrences plays a crucial role in safeguarding human well-being and the global environment. Machine-learning-based models have been previously employed for nowcasting lightning occurrence, offering advantages in computation efficiency. However, these models have been hindered by limited accuracy due to inadequate representation of the intricate mechanisms driving lightning and a restricted training dataset. To address these limitations, we present a machine learning approach that integrates aerosol features to more effectively capture lightning mechanisms, complemented by enriched satellite observations from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). Through training a well-optimized LightGBM model, we successfully generate spatially continuous (0.25° by 0.25°) and hourly lightning nowcasts over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) during the summer season, surpassing the performance of competitive baselines. Model performance is evaluated using various metrics, including accuracy (94.3%), probability of detection (POD, 75.0%), false alarm ratio (FAR, 38.1%), area under curve of precision–recall curve (PRC-AUC, 0.727). In addition to the enriched dataset, the improved performance can be attributed to the inclusion of aerosol features, which has significantly enhanced the model. This crucial aspect has been overlooked in previous studies. Moreover, our model unravels the influence of aerosol composition and loading on lightning formation, indicating that high aerosol loading consisting of sulfates and organic compounds tends to enhance lightning activity, while black carbon inhibits it. These findings align with current scientific knowledge and demonstrate the immense potential for elucidating the complex mechanisms underlying aerosol-associated lightning phenomena.
Precision-dissipation trade-off for driven stochastic systems
Authors: Proesmans Karel
Published: August 2023

Over the last few decades, stochastic thermodynamics has emerged as a framework to study the thermodynamics of small-scaled systems. The relation between entropy production and precision is one of the most prominent research topics in this field. In this paper, I answer the question how much dissipation is needed to follow a pre-determined trajectory. This will be done by deriving a trade-off relation between how precisely a mesoscopic system can follow a pre-defined trajectory and how much the system dissipates. In the high-precision limit, the minimal amount of dissipation is inversely proportional to the expected deviation from the pre-defined trajectory. Furthermore, I will derive the protocol that maximizes the precision for a given amount of dissipation. The optimal time-dependent force field is a conservative energy landscape which combines a shifted version of the initial energy landscape and a quadratic energy landscape. The associated time-dependent probability distribution conserves its shape throughout the optimal protocol. Potential applications are discussed in the context of bit erasure and electronic circuits.
Record low 2022 Antarctic sea ice led to catastrophic breeding failure of emperor penguins
Authors: Fretwell Peter T. , Boutet Aude , Ratcliffe Norman
Published: August 2023

The spring season of 2022 saw record low sea ice extent in Antarctica that persisted throughout the year. At the beginning of December, the Antarctic sea ice extent was tracking with the all-time low set in 2021. The greatest regional negative anomaly of this low extent was in the central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea region, west of the Antarctic Peninsula where, during November, some regions experienced a 100% loss in sea ice concentration. We provide evidence of a regional breeding failure of emperor penguin colonies due to sea ice loss using Sentinel2 satellite imagery. Of the five breeding sites in the region all but one experienced total breeding failure after sea ice break-up before the start of the fledging period of the 2022 breeding season. This is the first recorded incident of a widespread breeding failure of emperor penguins that is clearly linked with large-scale contractions in sea ice extent.
NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy with a tumor-targeting copper selenide-iron manganese layered double hydroxide nanocomplex
Authors: Yang Yanting , Wang Shulong , Hu Shengqiang , Luo Yanni , He Zongyi , Zhao Shulin
Published: August 2023

A novel biodegradable copper selenide-iron manganese layered double hydroxide nanocomplex was developed. This nanocomplex was used for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy.
Fabrication of two 2D Cu-based coordination polymers via a secondary ligand adjustment and a derived Cu/Cu2O heterojunction for an enhanced dye removal capacity
Authors: Li Wen-Ze , Li Jing , Zhao Hong-Tian , Zhang Xiao-Sa , Liu Yu , Liu Zhi-Tong , Fu Hong-Xin , Luan Jian
Published: August 2023

Two new ligand-induced Cu-CPs and a series of Cu/Cu2O heterojunctions have been synthesized which can serve as dual-functional materials for adsorption and photodegradation.
Preparation and performance of aerogel-based BiOI/TiO2 heterojunction photoelectrocatalytic electrodes
Authors: Xue Juanqin , Wang Peng , Cheng Wen , Shi Long , Bi Qiang
Published: August 2023

TiO2/BiOI/CA electrodes with improved conductivity, reduced photoelectron–hole recombination rates, and increased reaction sites based on p–n type heterojunctions were constructed on carbon aerogels (CA) as photoelectrode substrates.
Laser-induced ultrafast spin-transfer processes in non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems
Authors: Barhoumi Mohamed , Liu Jing , Lefkidis Georgios , Hübner Wolfgang
Published: August 2023

We combine the high-level CCSD and EOM-CCSD quantum-chemistry methods with local and global Λ processes to investigate laser-induced ultrafast spin-manipulation scenarios in the non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems Ni2@C32H32 and Ni2@C36H36.
Exploring the role of solvent polarity in mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation: in situ investigation and isolation of reaction intermediates
Authors: Scheurrell Kerstin , B. Martins Inês C. , Murray Claire , Emmerling Franziska
Published: August 2023

Mechanochemistry has proven to be a highly effective method for the synthesis of organic compounds.
Anisotropic coupling of individual vibrational modes to a Cu(110) substrate
Authors: Christ Andreas , Härtl Patrick , Seitz Manuel , Edelmann Tobias , Bode Matthias , Waluk Jacek , Leisegang Markus
Published: August 2023

Investigation of the mode-specific excitation probability in porphycene adsorbed on Cu(110) reveal an inversion of anisotropy between the N–H bending and stretching mode.
Dynamical characterization and multiple unbinding paths of two PreQ1 ligands in one pocket
Authors: Hu Guodong , Zhang Yonghong , Yu Zhiping , Cui Tiejun , Cui Wanling
Published: August 2023

The unbinding of the preQ1 ligand at the α site occurs through two orthogonal pathways, which are contingent upon the presence or absence of a β site preQ1 ligand.
Accounting for super-, plateau- and mesa-rate burning by lead and copper-based ballistic modifiers in double-base propellants: a computational study
Authors: Warren Lisette R. , Rowell Aaron , McMaster Patrick , Pulham Colin R. , Morrison Carole A.
Published: August 2023

Controlled carbon-activation of lead oxide by copper oxide accounts for burn rate modification in double base propellants.
Ligand binding affinity prediction with fusion of graph neural networks and 3D structure-based complex graph
Authors: Dong Lina , Shi Shuai , Qu Xiaoyang , Luo Ding , Wang Binju
Published: August 2023

We proposed a novel deep fusion graph neural networks framework named FGNN to learn the protein–ligand interactions from the 3D structures of protein–ligand complexes.
Nanoprobe-based molecular imaging for tumor stratification
Authors: Ma Xianbin , Mao Mingchuan , He Jiaqi , Liang Chao , Xie Hai-Yan
Published: August 2023

This review highlights the use of nanoprobes to stratify various therapeutic modalities and provides an outlook on the challenges and future directions of nanoprobes for patient stratification.
Divergence in CH alkylation of indoles under Mn catalysis
Authors: Mondal Akash , Kumar Rohit , Suresh Abhijith Karattil , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: August 2023

We report manganese-catalyzed CH alkylation of indole/indolines with alcohols, where catalyst control provides product selectivity. We synthesise several life science molecules (vibrindole A, turbomycin B alkaloid and antileukemic and anticancer agents).
Highly efficient and robust multi-color afterglow of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Chun , Han Jiachen , Zhao Yiwei , Liu Xiaohui , Fan Chao , Lian Kai
Published: August 2023

A facile method for achieving high stability and multicolor room temperature phosphorescence of ZnO based composite materials is proposed. These materials can be applied in information encryption, fingerprint identification, and white LEDs.
A crosslinked network polypyrrole coated cobalt doped Fe2O3@carbon cloth flexible anode material for quasi-solid asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Li Minglong , Wang Xiaodong , Fu Ning , Yang Zhenglong
Published: August 2023

PPy/Co-Fe2O3@CC composites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal and polymerization method. The assembled PPy/Co-Fe2O3@CC//Ni-MnO2@CC flexible asymmetric supercapacitor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.
The effect of kaolinite on ferrihydrite colloid migration in soil: molecular-scale mechanism study
Authors: Zeng Lijuan , Li Xiaofei , Jiang Feng , Yin Meiling , Dang Zhi , Zhang Lijuan , Huang Weilin , Yi Xiaoyun
Published: August 2023

The first investigation that describes the adsorption capacity of natural colloids by solid soil media, and studies their interaction mechanism in the molecular-scale.
A review of green methods used in starch–polyphenol interactions: physicochemical and digestion aspects
Authors: Raza Husnain , Xu Hui , Zhou Qian , He Jiayi , Zhu Beiwei , Li Siqian , Wang Mingfu
Published: August 2023

The interactions of starch with polyphenol under green methods.
Tunable electronic structures, Rashba splitting, and optical and photocatalytic responses of MSSe-PtO2 (M = Mo, W) van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Gul Sadia H. , Alrebdi Tahani A. , Idrees M. , Amin B.
Published: August 2023

Photocatalytic response shows that bandedges of these vdWHs cross the standard water redox potentials confirming their capability to split water.
Plasmon-enhanced parabolic nanostructures for broadband absorption in ultra-thin crystalline Si solar cells
Authors: Pritom Yeasin Arafat , Sikder Dipayon Kumar , Zaman Sameia , Hossain Mainul
Published: August 2023

Au nanoparticle coated parabolic nanostructures offer enhanced broadband absorption in ultra-thin c-Si solar cells. Results show 14.5% enhancement in absorbed power for 800 nm < λ < 1600 nm and 21.39% conversion efficiency, with only 2 μm thick c-Si.
Uranyl N2O2-Schiff base complex as co-catalyst in ethanol electro-oxidation: synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT characterization, and catalytic investigation
Authors: Barbosa Elizomar Medeiros , Soares Kaique Souza , Cruz Julianna Ferreira , Doring Thiago Henrique , de França Igor Vinicius , Mello Lucas dos S. , Nagurniak Glaucio R. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Alvarenga Meiry Edivirges , Martins Felipe Terra , Dockal Edward Ralph , Souza Elson Almeida , Maia Paulo José Sousa , da Cruz José Wilmo
Published: August 2023

The uranium complex is efficient as a co-catalyst, promoting better catalytic activity in the electro-oxidation of ethanol for use in fuel cells.
Enzymatically demethylated pectins: from fruit waste to an outstanding polymer binder for silicon-based anodes of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ndour Mariama , Bonnet Jean-Pierre , Cavalaglio Sébastien , Lombard Tristan , Safran Josip , Pau-Roblot Corinne , Bonnet Véronique
Published: August 2023

Enzymatically demethylated citrus pectins: an efficient polymer binder in Si-based anodes of Li-ion batteries.
Cargo-loaded lipid-shielded breakable organosilica nanocages for enhanced drug delivery
Authors: Sancho-Albero María , Rosso Giada , De Cola Luisa , Cauda Valentina
Published: August 2023

Smart biodegradable nanoparticles with biomimetic lipid bilayers are reported for cancer treatment and diagnostics.
PtAg18 superatoms costabilized by phosphines and halides: synthesis, structure, and catalysis
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Lin , Wu Haoyuan , Sun Jing , Xu Xiaoxuan , Guo Shuo , Jia Yanyuan , Li Simin , Guan Zong-Jie , Shen Hui
Published: August 2023

An 8-electron [PtAg18(dppp)6Cl8](SbF6)2 superatom has been synthesized and its molecular structure determined. The presence of surface open sites endows the cluster with high catalytic activity in hydrogenation reactions.
A rapid abiotic/biotic hybrid sandwich detection for trace pork adulteration in halal meat extract
Authors: Cheubong Chehasan , Sunayama Hirobumi , Takano Eri , Kitayama Yukiya , Minami Hideto , Takeuchi Toshifumi
Published: August 2023

A novel sandwich detection was demonstrated for 0.01 wt% pork adulteration within 30 min, using PSA-imprinted polymer nanogels to capture PSA and anti-PSA antibody complexed with-Fc-domain imprinted fluorescent polymer nanogels to detect PSA.
Electrochemical annulation of 1,2,3-benzotriazinones with alkynes to access isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones
Authors: Chen JinKang , Xiao Linxia , Qi Liang
Published: August 2023

An efficient electrochemical annulation of 1,2,3-benzotriazinones with alkynes under catalyst-free and external reductant-free conditions was developed.
Heteroanion-introduction-driven birefringence enhancement in oxychalcogenide Ba3MIIGe3O2S8 (MII = Mn, Cd)
Authors: Zhou Sheng-Hua , Ran Mao-Yin , Wei Wen-Bo , Wang A-Yang , Wu Xin-Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: August 2023

Two novel 1D quinary oxychalcogenides, Ba3MIIGe3O2S8 (MII = Mn, Cd), were designed using a heteroanion-introduction strategy, which exhibit a significant enhancement in birefringence compared to the known 3D framework AE3MIIMIV2Q8.
iEdgeDTA: integrated edge information and 1D graph convolutional neural networks for binding affinity prediction
Authors: Suviriyapaisal Natchanon , Wichadakul Duangdao
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence has become more prevalent in broad fields, including drug discovery, in which the process is costly and time-consuming when conducted through wet experiments.
Experimental and optimization study on the effects of diethyl ether addition to waste plastic oil on diesel engine characteristics
Authors: Wiangkham Attasit , Klinkaew Niti , Aengchuan Prasert , Liplap Pansa , Ariyarit Atthaphon , Sukjit Ekarong
Published: August 2023

The combined NSGA-II algorithm and GRNNs model accurately predicted the multi-objective function, enabling identification of the optimal DEE percentage in WPO and engine operating condition to achieve maximum engine efficiency and minimum emissions.
Modular metallotecton for engineering permanently porous frameworks: supernumerary role of ancillary ion
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Chanteux Géraldine , Kumar Gulshan , Robeyns Koen , Vlad Alexandru
Published: August 2023

The formation of robust supramolecular frameworks built from the hetero-polytopic metal complex Ru(5,6-hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline)3 and different ancillary ions resulted in 2D porous honeycomb networks, found as suitable candidates for gas sorption.
Kinetics of ligand exchange in solution: a quantitative mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Duez Quentin , Tinnemans Paul , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Roithová Jana
Published: August 2023

Delayed reactant labelling can provide thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) of solution equilibria using ESI-MS monitoring. As a proof of concept, we investigated the equilibria of pyridine ligands with macrocyclic porphyrin cage complexes.
Lethal weapon IL: a nano-copper/tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquid composite material with potent antibacterial activity
Authors: Banerjee Abhinandan , Aremu Bukola R. , Dehghandokht Sima , Salama Rayan , Zhou Hao , Lackie Sharon M. , Seifi Moutasem , Kennepohl Pierre , Trant John F.
Published: August 2023

Ionic liquid (IL) based composite materials are promising antimicrobial agents, owing to their inherent germicidal properties, as well as their ability to stabilize metal nanoparticles (NPs), which may serve as a secondary antimicrobial reservoir.
Development of liquid-crystalline smectic nanoporous membranes for the removal of SARS-CoV-2 and waterborne viruses
Authors: Sakamoto Takeshi , Asakura Kazuhiro , Kang Naru , Kato Riki , Liu Miaomiao , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Katayama Hiroyuki , Kato Takashi
Published: August 2023

Water-treatment membranes were prepared from smectic liquid-crystalline monomers. Tuning of their molecular-assembled structures enabled efficient removal of viruses including SARS-CoV-2.
Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid catalyzed by bio-inspired NiMn layered double hydroxide
Authors: Bao Yide-Rigen , Duan Yu , Na Yong
Published: August 2023

The conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into value-added chemicals represents a sustainable bridge toward renewable carbon sources.
Correction: Understanding the suppressive role of catalytically active Pt–TiO2 interfacial sites of supported metal catalysts towards complete oxidation of toluene
Authors: Sun Hanlei , Zhang Peipei , Wang Jiexiang , Ye Songshou , Fu Jile , Zheng Jinbao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Nuowei , Chen Binghui
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Understanding the suppressive role of catalytically active Pt–TiO2 interfacial sites of supported metal catalysts towards complete oxidation of toluene’ by Hanlei Sun et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 25633–25643, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA07555E.
Peroxidase mimics of platinum-group metals forin vitrodiagnostics: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Eastwood Hannah , Xia Xiaohu
Published: August 2023

This perspective discusses fundamentally important issues and practically useful viewpoints of platinum-group metal peroxidase mimics from the aspects of materials science and solid-state chemistry.
Boosted mechanosensitivity of stretchable conductive composite strain sensors based on kirigami cut design
Authors: Ha Sung-Hun , Kim Jong-Man
Published: August 2023

Mechanosensitivity of stretchable conductive composite strain sensor is significantly enhanced over a wide strain range while maintaining the fabrication simplicity and reproducibility by introducing rational kirigami cut designs.
Noun and Verb Lexicons Differentially Predict Later Grammatical Development in Mandarin-Speaking Children With and Without Late Language Emergence
Authors: Liu Huei-Mei , Tsao Feng-Ming , Lin Chun-Yi , Rost Gwyneth , Guo Ling-Yu
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The current investigation evaluated the extent to which early noun, verb, and adjective lexicon sizes predicted later grammatical outcomes in Mandarin-speaking children with and without late language emergence (LLE) using a parent report.

Method:

In Study 1, the parents of 24 Mandarin-speaking children with typical language filled out the toddler version of
Mandarin–Chinese Communicative Development Inventory—Taiwan
(MCDI-T) when these children were 24 and 36 months old. In Study 2, the parents of 23 children with LLE completed the same form when these children were 24, 36, and 48 months old. Noun, verb, and adjective lexicon sizes and grammatical complexity scores were computed from the MCDI-T form for each child.

Results:

Study 1 showed that verb lexicon size, but not noun or adjective lexicon size, at 24 months predicted grammatical complexity scores at 36 months for children with typical language. Study 2 revealed that noun lexicon size, but not verb or adjective lexicon size, at 24 months predicted grammatical complexity scores at 36 months for children with LLE. Noun lexicon size at 36 months was also the only significant predictor for grammatical complexity scores at 48 months in children with LLE.

Conclusions:

Noun and verb lexicon size differentially predicted later grammatical outcomes in young Mandarin-speaking children with and without LLE. The finding suggested that children with LLE may have approached grammatical learning differently from their typical peers due to the small verb lexicon size in the early phase of language development.
Performance analysis of secure intelligent reflecting surface assisted ground to unmanned aerial vehicle transmission
Authors: Yi Shen , Zhiwen Pan , Bin Wang , Nan Liu , Xiaohu You
Published: August 2023

The authors propose a secure intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted transmission system in the presence of a ground eavesdropper, where the source in the ground transmits confidential information to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), IRS is deployed to promote the transmission rate of the source to UAV. Closed‐form expression for secure transmission non‐outage probability is derived, and secure transmission performance is analyzed. Simulation validates the correctness of the derivation. Compared with benchmarks, results show that the IRS can improve the secure transmission of ground to UAV.
Delay and size‐dependent priority‐aware scheduling for IoT‐based healthcare traffic using heterogeneous multi‐server priority queueing system
Authors: Asingwire Barbara Kabwiga , Sibomana Louis , Ngenzi Alexander , Kabiri Charles
Published: August 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) based healthcare applications are time‐sensitive and any delay can cause alarming situations, including death of patients. The Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling scheme has been proposed for use in IoT‐based healthcare applications. However, the EDF scheme performs poorly under overloaded conditions due to giving highest priority to packets that are close to missing their deadlines. Some studies have proposed the use of Priority EDF to overcome the challenges of EDF; however, Priority EDF still favours higher priority queues which increases the waiting times of lower priority queues. In order to overcome the limitation of EDF and its variants, this paper proposes a system model for a prioritized scheduling (PS) scheme. The PS scheme is an improvement of the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheme and its variants for IoT‐based healthcare applications. The PS scheme uses a heterogeneous multi‐server priority queuing system to provide service differentiation by prioritizing short packets over large packets and delay sensitive packets are serviced before delay tolerant packets. Numerical results demonstrate that the PS scheme minimizes the mean slowdown for both delay sensitive short and large packets at low and high load values. Additionally, the PS scheme performs better than the EDF and Priority EDF schemes in terms of reducing mean slowdown of packets and the PS scheme performs better than the EDF in terms of throughput for all packet sizes at both low and high load values. The performance improvement in terms of throughput is more pronounced at high load values. This addresses the challenge of the EDF scheme which performs poorly under overloaded conditions and the challenge of the Priority EDF scheme which favours higher priority queues at the expense of low priority queues.
Tracking control based on proportional resonant controller for electro‐hydraulic systems with input delay
Authors: Ye Shengwang , Liu Guo‐Ping , Hu Wenshan , Wu Yong , Fan Zhuo , Li Haoyu
Published: August 2023

The growth of marine resources exploitation has led to increased research interest in electro‐hydraulic systems for marine simulation. This study proposes a proportional plus resonant (PR) controller to achieve high tracking performance for electro‐hydraulic systems. Due to the complex structure and non‐linear flow dynamics, establishing accurate mathematical models of electro‐hydraulic systems is challenging. The local linearization technique is applied to simplify the process of model establishment. The system gain is limited by the stability margin due to the input delay, resulting in a phase delay between the real trajectory and the desired reference. To compensate for the phase delay in tracking periodic reference with the traditional proportional and integral controller, a resonant item is added into the controller. The stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is performed using Routh‐Hurwitz criterion. Furthermore, the controller parameters are tuned based on the frequency characteristic to achieve high tracking performance and maintain the adequate stability margin. The effectiveness of the proposed PR controller in tracking periodic references is validated through numerical simulations and practical experiments.
Active fault‐tolerant load frequency control for multi‐area power systems with electric vehicles under deception attacks
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Liang Yuru , Qiao Siwei , Yang Guoqing , Wang Peng
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the active fault tolerant load frequency control of multi‐area power systems with electric vehicles under deception attacks. An integrated design of fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control is proposed to guarantee the stability of the system under sensor faults and deception attacks. Considering the uncertainty caused by the demand of the owner and the state of the battery, a multi‐area power system model is proposed. Then, an active fault tolerant load frequency control scheme is designed. The proportional‐derivative sliding mode observer is used to estimate the fault and system status in real‐time. During the fault occurrence, the estimated value obtained by the observer is utilized to design the controller without any fault diagnosis scheme, which simplifies the controller design process. A sufficient Lyapunov‐Krasovskii criterion is derived to ensure the stability performance of the multi‐area power system. Finally, simulation examples are provided for a three‐area power system contains electric vehicles, and the results prove the correctness and feasibility of the proposed fault‐tolerant control scheme.
Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Sobolenko Margaryta , Berczik Peter , Omarov Chingis , Sobodar Olexander , Kalambay Mukhagali , Yurin Denis
Published: August 2023

Aims. We carry out the self-consistent dynamic evolution of the orbital structure of Milky Way globular clusters. This allows us to estimate possible and probable close passages and even collisions of the clusters with each other.

Methods. We reproduced the orbits of 147 globular clusters in 10 Gyr lookback time using our own high-order N-body parallel dynamic φ-GPU code. The initial conditions (three coordinates and three velocities for the present time) were derived from the Gaia DR3 catalogue. For each of the GCs, 1000 initial conditions were additionally generated, taking the Gaia measurement errors into account. The galaxy is represented by five external potentials from the IllustrisTNG-100, whose masses and sizes of the disk and halo components are similar to the physical values of the Milky Way at present.

Results. We present a statistical analysis of the cumulative close passages rate: About ten close passages with relative distances shorter than 50 pc for every billion years for each of the five external potentials. We present the 22 most reliable collision pairs with a good probability. As an example: Terzan 4 vs. Terzan 2 (49%), Terzan 4 vs. NGC 6624 (44%), Terzan 4 vs. Terzan 5 (40%), Terzan 4 vs. NGC 6440 (40%), and Terzan 4 vs. Liller 1 (42%). The most active globular cluster in the collision sense is Terzan 4, which has 5.65 collision events on average (averaged over all individual 1000 initial condition realisations). Most collisions are located inside the Galactic disk and form two ring-like structures. The first ring-like structure has the highest collision number density at ∼1 kpc, and the second sturcture has a maximum at ∼2 kpc.

Conclusions. Based on our numerical simulations, we can conclude that the few dozen Milky Way globular clusters probably undergo some close encounters and even possible collisions during their lifetimes, which can significantly affect their individual dynamical evolution and possibly even their stellar content.
Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy
Authors: Venturi G. , Treister E. , Finlez C. , D’Ago G. , Bauer F. , Harrison C. M. , Ramos Almeida C. , Revalski M. , Ricci F. , Sartori L. F. , Girdhar A. , Keel W. C. , Tubín D.
Published: August 2023

Context. The z ∼ 0.1 type-2 QSO J1430+1339, known as the “Teacup”, is a complex galaxy showing a loop of ionised gas ∼10 kpc in diameter, co-spatial radio bubbles, a compact (∼1 kpc) jet, and outflow activity. Its closeness offers the opportunity to study in detail the intricate interplay between the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) and the material in and around the galaxy, both the interstellar medium (ISM) and circumgalactic medium (CGM).

Aims. We characterise the spatially resolved properties and effects of the galactic ionised gas outflow and compare them with those of the radio jet and with theoretical predictions to infer its acceleration mechanism.

Methods. We used VLT/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopic observations to obtain flux, kinematic, and excitation maps of the extended (up to ∼100 kpc) ionised gas and to characterise the properties of stellar populations. We built radial profiles of the outflow properties as a function of distance from the active nucleus, from kiloparsec up to tens of kiloparsec scales, at ∼1 kpc resolution.

Results. We detect a velocity dispersion enhancement (≳300 km s−1) elongated over several kiloparsecs perpendicular to the radio jet, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) ionisation lobes, and the fast outflow, similar to what is found in other galaxies hosting compact, low-power jets, indicating that the jet strongly perturbs the host ISM during its passage. We observe a decreasing trend with distance from the nucleus for the outflow properties (mass outflow rate, kinetic rate, momentum rate). The mass outflow rate drops from around 100 M⊙ yr−1 in the inner 1–2 kpc to ≲0.1 M⊙ yr−1 at 30 kpc. The mass outflow rate of the ionised outflow is significantly higher (∼1–8 times) than the molecular one, in contrast with what is often quoted in AGN. Based on energetic and morphological arguments, the driver of the multi-phase outflow is likely a combination of AGN radiation and the jet, or AGN radiation pressure on dust alone. The outflow mass-loading factor is ∼5–10 and the molecular gas depletion time due to the multi-phase outflow is ≲108 yr, indicating that the outflow can significantly affect the star formation and the gas reservoir in the galaxy. However, the fraction of the ionised outflow that is able to escape the dark matter halo potential is likely negligible. We detect blue-coloured continuum emission co-spatial with the ionised gas loop. Here, stellar populations are younger (≲100–150 Myr) than in the rest of the galaxy (∼0.5–1 Gyr). This constitutes possible evidence for star formation triggered at the edge of the bubble due to the compressing action of the jet and outflow (“positive feedback”), as predicted by theory. All in all, the Teacup constitutes a rich system in which AGN feedback from outflows and jets, in both its negative and positive flavours, co-exist.
Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Larger Patient
Authors: Cleland Andrew , MacDonald James , Mayer Richard
Published: August 2023

A 27 -year-old male patient presented for elective arrythmia surgery. Due to the nature of the surgical procedure, i.e. normothermic bypass, light anaesthetic, dislocation of the heart, etc., the physical size of this patient was of concern. The patient was 183 em tall and weighed 141 kg. The calculated body surface area was 2.68 M2 and the calculated flow was 6.7 LPM. Because of the increased oxygen demands that are possible during arrythmia surgery, the ability of a single oxygenator to adequately transfer sufficient amounts of oxygen during all phases of the procedure was questioned. The decision was made to place two hollow fiber membrane oxygenators in line to prepare for the possibility of inadequate gas transfer. Both membranes were primed and de-aired as per our established protocol, after which the second membrane was isolated from the circuit. During the procedure our monitoring of serial blood gases and O2 saturations demonstrated an oxygen deficit. The decision to utilize the second oxygenator was then made. The patient underwent a successful surgical oblation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway and was discontinued from cardiopulmonary bypass uneventfully.
Complement Activation Induced by Different Tubings Used for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Videm Vibeke , Fosse Erik , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Karlsen Harald , Pedersen Thore , Garred Peter
Published: August 2023

Complement activation induced by latex, polyvinylchloride, and silicone tubings for extracorporeal circulation was studied in 2 in vitro situations: Fresh whole human blood mixed with priming solution was circulated through 00 cm tubing lengths for 1 hour, and small tubing pieces were incubated in fresh human serum for 7 hours. Activation of C3 and of the terminal pathway (C5–C9) was assessed in enzyme immuno assays. In both situations complement activation was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in controls. During incubation, C3 activation started later with silicone, but increased to similar levels as with polyvinylchloride after 7 hours. Latex was a significantly more potent C3 activator at 7 hours than the other materials (p<0.05), whereas polyvinylchloride induced most terminal pathway activation (p<0.01). When blood was pumped through intact tubing, complement activation was similar with all materials. The differences found during incubation were apparently overshadowed by other factors in the dynamic situation. The study thus gives no evidence for preferring any of the tested tubing materials to reduce complement activation during in vivo extracorporeal circulation, even if the tubing does contribute to overall activation.
Technique: Continuous Retrograde Cardioplegia Followed by Warm Blood Antegrade Infusion
Authors: Ingram John M. , Traad Ernest A.
Published: August 2023

The optimum myocardial preservation technique during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures remains widely debated. It is believed that the efficacy of the myocardial preservation technique is largely responsible for post-operative myocardial function and recovery.

At the Miami Heart Institute, a recently developed technique has been under investigation. It is the purpose of this report to reveal the latest research findings on what we believe to be a superior form of myocardial preservation.

Fifty patients who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected for this study. In each patient, the technique of retrograde cardioplegia was employed. The cardioplegia was administered continuously in retrograde fashion in order to maintain a myocardial temperature range of 6° - 12°C throughout the ischemic period. Shortly before aortic cross clamp removal, warm pump blood was administered antegrade fashion through the aortic root. Aortic root pressure was strictly maintained between 75 - 85 mmHg to insure adequate infusion into the coronary arteries.

The result of the retrograde technique has been strict mainteance of myocardial hypothermia throughout the ischemic period. The antegrade warm blood infusion permits adequate myocardial reperfusion and rewarming. The result of this warm blood infusion has been a spontmteous reinstitution of of the patient's cardiac rhythm without a fibrillation period. Of patients undergoing this technique, 94% experienced no cardiac fibrillation at any time during the operation. While marked improvement in post-operative myocardial function has been observed and is currently under data accumulation, it is our conclusion that this technique is a significant advancement in the field of myocardial preservation (J. Extra-Corpor Technol, 21(2): 56-60, 1989, 15 Ref).
Failure of Electrical Mains and Backup Generator Supply During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Hargrove Martin , O'Brien Declan , Aherne Thomas
Published: August 2023

Electrical failure during cardiopulmonary bypass is serious, but fortunately a rare occurrence. We report a case of main power failure, associated with total equipment failure caused by a backup generator power surge. The measures taken in the successful management of such an accident are described.