bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Long-Term Biogeochemical Processes and Its Application to Sedimentary Bed Formation in Tokyo Bay
Authors: Amunugama Mangala , Sasaki Jun
Published: April 2018

Even though models of water quality have become increasingly detailed over time, their applicability to analyze long-term effect on sedimentary bed formation is yet to be clarified. Hence, an integrated, layer-resolved, process-based, sediment–water coupled, long-term robust, three-dimensional (3D) ecosystem model, including realistic sedimentary and pelagic processes, was developed. The constituents of the integrated model included a multi layered ecosystem model, a quasi-three dimensional hydrodynamic model, a wave hindcasting model, and a sediment deposition and erosion model. Because numerical modeling difficulties arise in setting the initial conditions, especially for a sedimentary bed, this novel modeling approach suggests to initiate the model with the simplest initial conditions of no particulate organic carbon content (POCC) and uniform inorganic sediment distribution. The model was applied to Tokyo Bay and quasi-steady state POCC in the sediment was obtained through long-term computation with realistic sedimentary and pelagic processes. Wave induced bed shear stress (WBSS) is critical for sediment erosion and spatial movement of sediment pollution, while a stable morphology is determined by the balance between the current induced bed shear stress (CBSS) and WBSS in Tokyo Bay. This novel modeling approach, with the simplest sedimentary initial conditions and realistic sedimentary and pelagic processes, provides a great tool for long-term ecosystem modeling in future studies.
Speckle Interferometry of Red Dwarf Stars
Authors: Mason Brian D. , Hartkopf William I. , Miles Korie N. , Subasavage John P. , Raghavan Deepak , Henry Todd J.
Published: April 2018

We report high-resolution optical speckle observations of 336 M dwarfs, which results in 113 measurements of the relative position of 80 systems and 256 other stars with no indications of duplicity. These are the first measurements for two of the systems. We also present the earliest measurements of relative position for 17 others. We include orbits for six of the systems, two revised and four reported for the first time. For one of the systems with a new orbit, G 161-7, we determine masses of 0.156 ± 0.011 and

 for the A and B components, respectively. All six of these new calculated orbits have short periods (between five and 38 years) and hold the promise of deriving accurate masses in the near future. For many other pairs we can establish their nature as physical or chance alignment, depending on their relative motion. Of the 80 systems, 32 have calculated orbits, 25 others are physical pairs, four are optical pairs, and 19 are currently unknown.
Bayesian Analysis of Hot-Jupiter Radius Anomalies: Evidence for Ohmic Dissipation?
Authors: Thorngren Daniel P. , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: April 2018

The cause of hot-Jupiter radius inflation, where giant planets with

 > 1000 K are significantly larger than expected, is an open question and the subject of many proposed explanations. Many of these hypotheses postulate an additional anomalous power that heats planets’ convective interiors, leading to larger radii. Rather than examine these proposed models individually, we determine what anomalous powers are needed to explain the observed population’s radii, and consider which models are most consistent with this. We examine 281 giant planets with well-determined masses and radii and apply thermal evolution and Bayesian statistical models to infer the anomalous power as a fraction of (and varying with) incident flux ϵ(F) that best reproduces the observed radii. First, we observe that the inflation of planets below about M = 0.5 M
J appears very different than their higher-mass counterparts, perhaps as the result of mass loss or an inefficient heating mechanism. As such, we exclude planets below this threshold. Next, we show with strong significance that ϵ(F) increases with

toward a maximum of ∼2.5% at T
eq ≈ 1500 K, and then decreases as temperatures increase further, falling to ∼0.2% at T
eff = 2500 K. This high-flux decrease in inflation efficiency was predicted by the Ohmic dissipation model of giant planet inflation but not other models. We also show that the thermal tides model predicts far more variance in radii than is observed. Thus, our results provide evidence for the Ohmic dissipation model and a functional form for ϵ(F) that any future theories of hot-Jupiter radii can be tested against.
Photodissociation of CS from Excited Rovibrational Levels
Authors: Pattillo R. J. , Cieszewski R. , Stancil P. C. , Forrey R. C. , Babb J. F. , McCann J. F. , McLaughlin B. M.
Published: April 2018

Accurate photodissociation cross sections have been computed for transitions from the X 1Σ+ ground electronic state of CS to six low-lying excited electronic states. New ab initio potential curves and transition dipole moment functions have been obtained for these computations using the multi-reference configuration interaction approach with the Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) and aug-cc-pV6Z basis sets. State-resolved cross sections have been computed for transitions from nearly the full range of rovibrational levels of the X 1Σ+ state and for photon wavelengths ranging from 500 Å to threshold. Destruction of CS via predissociation in highly excited electronic states originating from the rovibrational ground state is found to be unimportant. Photodissociation cross sections are presented for temperatures in the range between 1000 and 10,000 K, where a Boltzmann distribution of initial rovibrational levels is assumed. Applications of the current computations to various astrophysical environments are briefly discussed focusing on photodissociation rates due to the standard interstellar and blackbody radiation fields.
The XCO Conversion Factor from Galactic Multiphase ISM Simulations
Authors: Gong Munan , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Chang-Goo
Published: April 2018

line emission is a widely used observational tracer of molecular gas, rendering essential the X
CO factor, which is applied to convert CO luminosity to

mass. We use numerical simulations to study how X
CO depends on numerical resolution, non-steady-state chemistry, physical environment, and observational beam size. Our study employs 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of galactic disks with solar neighborhood conditions, where star formation and the three-phase interstellar medium (ISM) are self-consistently regulated by gravity and stellar feedback. Synthetic CO maps are obtained by postprocessing the MHD simulations with chemistry and radiation transfer. We find that CO is only an approximate tracer of

. On parsec scales, W
CO is more fundamentally a measure of mass-weighted volume density, rather than

column density. Nevertheless,

, which is consistent with observations and insensitive to the evolutionary ISM state or radiation field strength if steady-state chemistry is assumed. Due to non-steady-state chemistry, younger molecular clouds have slightly lower

and flatter profiles of X
CO versus extinction than older ones. The

-dark

fraction is 26%–79%, anticorrelated with the average extinction. As the observational beam size increases from 1 to 100 pc,

increases by a factor of ∼2. Under solar neighborhood conditions,

in molecular clouds is converged at a numerical resolution of 2 pc. However, the total CO abundance and luminosity are not converged even at the numerical resolution of 1 pc. Our simulations successfully reproduce the observed variations of X
CO on parsec scales, as well as the dependence of X
CO on extinction and the CO excitation temperature.
ALMA Observations of Molecular Clouds in Three Group-centered Elliptical Galaxies: NGC 5846, NGC 4636, and NGC 5044
Authors: Temi Pasquale , Amblard Alexandre , Gitti Myriam , Brighenti Fabrizio , Gaspari Massimo , Mathews William G. , David Laurence
Published: April 2018

We present new ALMA CO(2–1) observations of two well-studied group-centered elliptical galaxies: NGC 4636 and NGC 5846. In addition, we include a revised analysis of Cycle 0 ALMA observations of the central galaxy in the NGC 5044 group. We find evidence that molecular gas is a common presence in bright group-centered galaxies (BGG). CO line widths are broader than Galactic molecular clouds, and using the reference Milky Way X
CO, the total molecular mass ranges from 2.6 × 105
M
⊙ in NGC 4636 to 6.1 × 107
M
⊙ in NGC 5044. Complementary observations using the ALMA Compact Array do not exhibit any detection of a CO diffuse component at the sensitivity level achieved by current exposures. The origin of the detected molecular features is still uncertain, but these ALMA observations suggest that they are the end product of the hot gas cooling process and not the result of merger events. Some of the molecular clouds are associated with dust features as revealed by HST dust extinction maps, suggesting that these clouds formed from dust-enhanced cooling. The global nonlinear condensation may be triggered via the chaotic turbulent field or buoyant uplift. The large virial parameter of the molecular structures and correlation with the warm (

)/hot (≥106) phase velocity dispersion provide evidence that they are unbound giant molecular associations drifting in the turbulent field, consistent with numerical predictions of the chaotic cold accretion process. Alternatively, the observed large CO line widths may be generated by molecular gas flowing out from cloud surfaces due to heating by the local hot gas atmosphere.
The Role of the Nurse Educator in Sustaining Compassion in the Workplace: A Case Study From an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Strube Petra , Henderson Amanda , Mitchell Marion Lucy , Jones Jenny , Winch Sarah
Published: April 2018

Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are frequently exposed to emotional and stressful situations in the workplace, which has changed little over the decades. Compassion fatigue is caused by sustained exposure to situations that conflict with one's values and beliefs in the ICU, eroding clinical team relationships and ultimately the quality and safety of patient care. Continuing education in the intensive care setting is a priority, as ICU nurses need to remain abreast of the rapid developments in high-acuity care delivery; however, attention also needs to be directed to nurses' emotional well-being. Nurse educators are well positioned to create and sustain open dialogue that contributes to group cohesion and assists nurses' well-being.
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(5):221–224.
Use of video monitoring to quantify spatial and temporal patterns in fishing activity across sectors at moored fish aggregating devices off Puerto Rico
Authors: Merten Wessley , Rivera Roberto , Appeldoorn Richard , Serrano Kelvin , Collazo Omar , Jimenez Nilda
Published: April 2018

A key challenge in small-scale fisheries that use moored fish aggregating devices (mFADs) is the ability to accurately quantify multi-sector fishing activity through fishery-independent methods. Here, we present a novel fishery-independent assessment of multi-sector fishing activity associated with a newly developed open access mFAD programme off San Juan, Puerto Rico. We identified three fishing sectors (recreational, charter and commercial) and 158 individual fishing vessels that routinely operated in the vicinity of the mFADs. The results indicate that daytime fishing activity varied by time of day, day of week, location and sector. During fishing tournaments, the data revealed that fishing activity increased threefold; across monitoring periods, for-hire charter vessels were the most consistent day-to-day user segment, and recreational activity peaked on weekends. Our study represents a new technique for rapidly identifying and detecting multi-sector fishing activity near mFADs and highlights the potential to gather comparable data wherever mFADs are deployed. The results are used to discuss how this technique can be used to assess the performance of mFADs to identify sector overlap and guide management in determining deployment patterns and facilitate the design of cost-effective surveys to estimate mFAD vessel activity, and potentially catch, of mFAD-associated species.
Larvicidal, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill
Authors: Araújo José Rafael Silva , Costa Maria Wlly Da Silva , Oliveira Wallace Baldez , Cavalcante Reginaldo Roris , Almeida Pedro Marcos , Martins Francielle Alline
Published: April 2018

The present study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effect of aqueous leaf extract from Jatropha mollissima on the larvae of Aedes aegypti and analyze its cytotoxic and genotoxic activity in the Allium cepa test. Larvae of the mosquito were exposed to the negative and positive controls (distilled water and diflubenzuron, 0.003 mg mL-1, respectively) and to leaf extract concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 mg mL-1. The mortality rate was evaluated every 24 hours over five days. For the cytotoxic and genotoxic analyses, roots of A. cepa were exposed to the negative (distilled water) and positive control (trifluralin, 0.84 ppm) and to different leaf extract concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg mL-1) for 24 hours. The statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). The leaf extract presented promising larvicidal activity at the concentrations of 0.08 and 0.1 mg mL-1, and none of the concentrations evaluated in A. cepa exhibited cytotoxic or genotoxic effect. Since the larvicidal action of J. mollissima and the absence of cellular toxicity have been demonstrated, further studies are recommended to determine the mechanism of action of the extract as a possible natural larvicide.
Medium-sized mammals in peri-urban environments in southern Brazil
Authors: Tedesco Carla Denise , Silva Douglas Machado da , Zanella Noeli
Published: April 2018

Anthropic effects on natural environments caused by urban expansion or agriculture have been identified as one of the causes for the decline in species richness. In southern Brazil, the urbanization process affects the local fauna and reduces the diversity of mammalian species. This study was conducted from 2012 to 2015 with the objective of gathering information on mammalian species in a peri-urban area. Data was collected four consecutive days each month for 42 months using sand plots and visual searches. Occasional encounters and camera traps complemented were used to complement the data. We recorded 15 mammal species belonging to 10 families. The species with the highest abundance, taking into account all the applied methods, were Didelphis albiventris, Mazama gouazoubira and Cerdocyon thous. Four species were listed as endangered (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus guttulus, Nasua nasua, and Dasyprocta azarae).
A Control Algorithm for Autonomous Electric Vehicles by Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Stoian Viorel
Published: April 2018

The domain of autonomous vehicles is of great interest to researchers and engineers and much has been performed in this field. The paper proposes a fuzzy control algorithm for autonomous electric vehicles which are moving next to the obstacle (object) boundaries, avoiding the collisions with them (a “guard motion”). Four motion cycles (programs) which depend of the proximity levels and which are used by the vehicle on its trajectory are described. The directions of the movements corresponding to every cycle and for every reached neighbourhood level are indicated. The sequence of the programs and the conditions of their alternation are shown. The motion control algorithm describes the sequence of the functional cycles by a schernatic program code. The fuzzy rules for evolution (transition) of the cycles and for the motion on x-axis and y-axis respectively are expounded. Finally, some simulations are represented.
Comparative Study on Treatment Bioscouring Optimization with and without Ultrasound for 50 % of Cotton + 50 % of Flax Materials
Authors: Pustianu Monica , Dochia Mihaela , Gavrilaş Simona , Tomescu Daniel
Published: April 2018

The research presents a comparative study regarding the optimization of two bioscouring treatments applied on 50 % of flax+50 % of cotton blended material in presence and absence of the ultrasound energy The treatments optimization was made by using a central, rotatable second order compound program with two independent variables: enzyme concentration and treatment time. The data obtained after determination of the weight loss of the treated samples fabrics were used afterwards for the bioscouring treatments optimization.
Finite Element Analysis of a Lumbar Vertebra Reconstructed by Biocomposite Alloplastic Grafts
Authors: Coman Daniela , Gorgan Mircea Radu , Brehar Felix Mircea , Gîngu Oana , Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe
Published: April 2018

This research approaches the fourth lumbar (L4) vertebra reconstruction by a tronconic alloplastic graft fabricated by a powder metallurgy technology using Ca5(PO4)3(OH) (hydroxyapatite), TiH2 (titanium hydride) and CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) particles as initial powder mixture. The high frequency of the L4 vertebra fractures due to motor vehicle traffic accidents justify the necessity of vertebral reconstruction. This approach simulates the biomechanical behavior of the ANSYS model consisting in the L4 vertebra and the tronconic biocomposite graft during the frontal impact load. The von Misses stress and strain responses from the model depend on the physical and mechanical properties of the biocomposite grafts, experimentally determined. The best simulated mechanical behavior corresponds to the mechanical shielding phenomenon occurring from the biocomposite graft on behalf of the L4 vertebra.
Sulphite Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media on Skeletal Nickel Based 6 Layers Platinum Nanoparticles Electrode
Authors: Enache Andreea Floriana , Dan Mircea Laurentiu , Vaszilcsin Nicolae
Published: April 2018

In this paper, anodic oxidation of sulphite ions on skeletal nickel based platinum nanoparticles electrode (6 layers) in aqueous alkaline solution was investigated in order to find the relationship between kinetic parameters and sulphite concentration. The purpose of this research is both to understand the oxidation mechanism and determine optimal parameters for oxidation process. Electrochemical behavior of sulphite ions has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and linear polarization. Tafel method was used in order to determine kinetic parameters and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were performed to confirm the oxidation mechanism. For a complete characterization of sulphite electrooxidation process chrono-electrochemical methods (chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, chronocoulometry) were used.
Air Quality Assessment through a Multi Criteria Decision Method
Authors: Grecu Luminita
Published: April 2018

Starting from the high importance of problems regarding environmental quality and their impact on human life, we present in this paper some aspects about how we can use multi-criteria decision methods for solving environmental management problems. This paper focuses on applying one of these methods, namely TOPSIS method, for air quality assessment in a region, in order to rank different periods of time as regarding the concurrent action of the main pollutants that exist. Analyzing air quality evolution in a region can help establishing if the decisions regarding this aspect are in a favorable trend or some changes need to be made.
Realities in Maritime Domain Regarding Cyber Security Concept
Authors: Zăgan Remus , Raicu Gabriel , Hanzu-Pazara Radu , Enache Stănică
Published: April 2018

According to new IMO regulation on cyber security, Lloyd’s Register approach, American Bureau Ship regulation, the guidelines edited by BIMCO, CLIA, ICS, INTERCARGO and INTERTANKO and DNV-GL-RP-0496, it has become necessary that academia, Maritime Universities should adopt quick solutions in developing lectures notes in Maritime Cyber Security in order to prepare the academia teachers in cyber security on ships and also for training future students according to the new realities in the Maritime Transport industry and its new risks. At Constanta Maritime University (CMU) we have decided to become more involved in shaping new skills and capabilities for our students and industry partners. Therefore, maritime in September 2017 we will be launching the new CMU Research Center in Maritime Cyber Security at the Black Sea coast.
Investigation of the Pore Morphology of the Hydroxyapatite-Based Bicomposites Processed by Two Step Sintering
Authors: Teisanu Cristina , Cinca Ion
Published: April 2018

Porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) based biocomposites used in biomedical applications were developed in this paper as artificial bone substitute for vertebrae grafts. The trabecular or spongy bone tissue is an open-cell porous network having 40-90% porosity. In order to obtain a porous structure calcium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate were added as foaming agents to the biocomposite matrix. The biocomposite matrix was prepared using submicronic powder particles of HAp and titanium hydride powder, which was added as reinforcement’s precursor as well as foaming agent. The aim of this study is to emphasize the effect of the foaming agent additions on the pores morphology by performing analyses at both macro and micro scale. These analyses consist of linear measurements, surface auto-detection and statistics of the pores and optical images as well. The powders mixture was homogenized in a planetary ball mill, uniaxial cold compacted and then heated in argon atmosphere using the two step sintering technique.
Ceftriaxone as Corrosion Inhibitor for Nickel in Acid Solutions
Authors: Duca Delia Andrada , Dan Mircea Laurentiu , Vaszilcsin Nicolae
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the possibility of using ceftriaxone (CEFTR) active substance from expired cefort drug as corrosion inhibitor for nickel in acid solutions has been investigated. 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M hydrochloric acid were used as corrosive media in experimental studies. The electrochemical behavior of ceftriaxone and its stability in test solutions have been examined by cyclic voltammetry. Further, the inhibitory effect has been studied by several methods: weight loss measurements, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As well, Tafel plots method was used in order to determine the kinetic parameters. Surface morphology of corroded samples has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
Comparison of Two Elementary Nanomembranes Cells for Gas Mixture Separation Problem
Authors: Tarasov Egor A.
Published: April 2018

In this paper we have considered two versions of elementary cells for creating a nanomembrane, which will be used to separate natural gas into different gas components. Calculated trajectories of helium atoms and methane molecules interacting with elementary structural units of the membrane are presented. The model is based on a discrete approach to describe the interaction of a structure with atoms and molecules.
Strength Properties Change Analysis of Exploded Rock Pieces
Authors: Isheysky Valentin Alexandrovich , Marinin Mikhail Anatolyevich , Fomin Sergey Igorevich
Published: April 2018

This analysis is a part of the research devoted to the affect of energetic characteristics of explosives to strength properties of exploded mine rock pieces [1,7]. We show here the results of a model experiment how the energy of blast-hole can influence strength properties of mine rock pieces with respect to ruptured zones.
Application of Computer X-Ray Microtomography for Study of Technological Properties of Rocks
Authors: Duryagina Asiya , Talovina Irina , Shtyrlyaeva Anastasia , Popov Oleg
Published: April 2018

This article presents recent developments in the field of mineralogical analyses based on X-ray computer tomography (CT). The analysis of the data obtained indicates a good repeatability of measurements, and, consequently, the possibility of using the CT method for the purpose of studying rocks during their enrichment, as well as predicting the rock behavior in the process of disintegration. Porosity parameters, particularly void density, according to CT data correlate with rock strength whereas the total porosity, which is determined from the values of mineral density, enables only an indirect estimation of the rock strength and provides no information about size, shape of pores, their connectivity and spatial orientation.
Development of a Touch Probing System for Gaging the Compressor Blades of the GTE
Authors: Ruzanov Nikolay Vladimirovich , Bolotov Michael Alexandrovich , Pechenin Vadim Andreevich , Matek Ekaterina Robertovna
Published: April 2018

The article describes the touch probing system with the strain gage as the main measuring element. The device has small geometric dimensions and it was developed to measure the gas turbine engine compressor blades. To select the optimum configuration of the probing system, mathematical models of two principal configurations were developed. Simulation modeling of the force of the measured surface impact on the measuring tip was carried out in the Ansys environment for these assemblies. On the basis of practical experiments, the diagram of the deviation of the probe on the resistance of the strain gage was constructed. Reference element were measured to determine the accuracy of the designed touch probing system.
Review of Defect Types in Metal Mold Castings
Authors: Bolotina Irina O. , Portenko Victoria A.
Published: April 2018

The article reviews various defect types in metal billets. They are classified into production, technological and operational ones. Definitions to more than 40 types of defects were given.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Annealed and Quenched Ti-Nb Alloys
Authors: Thoemmes Alexander , Ivanov Ivan V. , Kashimbetova Adelya A.
Published: April 2018

The effect of Nb content on microstructure, mechanical properties and phase formation in annealed and quenched binary Ti-Nb alloys were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The content of Nb varied in the range 0-37 mass % leading to significant changes in the microstructure. The annealed and furnace-cooled binary Ti-Nb samples exhibited HCP martensitic α` phase at a Nb content below 14 mass % and stable BCC β phase at higher contents of Nb. The structure of the quenched samples changed with increase of Nb content in the following order: coarse primary martensite → fine acicular (α`+α``) martensite → single β phase structure. The mechanical properties of alloys strongly depended on the Nb content and type of the dominating phase.
Dynamic Response of Three-Dimensional Multi-Domain Piezoelectric Structures via BEM
Authors: Igumnov Leonid A. , Markov Ivan , Lyubimov Aleksandr , Novikov Valery
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a Laplace domain boundary element method is applied for transient dynamic analysis of three-dimensional multi-domain linear piezoelectric structures. Piezoelectric materials of homogeneous sub-domains may have arbitrary degree of anisotropy. The boundary element formulation is based on a weakly singular representation of the piezoelectric boundary integral equations in the Laplace domain. To compute the time-domain solutions a convolution quadrature formula is applied for the numerical inversion of Laplace transform. Presented multi-domain boundary element method is tested on a three-dimensional problem of nonhomogeneous column which is made of two dissimilar piezoelectric materials and subjected to dynamic impact loading.
Modeling of Welding Process and Allied Technologies
Authors: Astafeva Natalia
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with the simulation technique of Al-Mg-Si alloy weld joints. Complexity of welding is due to the fact that a massive piece is jointed to stamped blanks-package. The main phases of the welding process modeling in a program complex based on the finite element method are considered. The efficiency of use of the computer simulation method for developing the welding technology and determining the method of fixing the parts is shown. Keywords: TIG welding, welding simulations, heat transfer, Sysweld program, the finite element method (FEM).
Mathematical Model of Powder Material Particles Heating in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Bogdanovich Valery I. , Giorbelidze Mikhail G.
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the mathematical model of powder material particles heating in the gas flow when applying plasma gas and thermal coatings. It has been assumed that while moving in the plasma, the particle is heated by convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer. To ensure accuracy and validity of calculation, two characteristic regions have been outlined: Core, where the temperature, density, and viscosity of plasma, as well as the other parameters are assumed as constant; and the region from the core to the coated surface (substrate), where these parameters are the functions of the plasma flow coordinates. One of the assumptions is that the shape of the particles is near-spherical, and the thermal flow’s action to the particles’ surface is uniform. Special attention has been paid to correct selection of criteria , which allowed to simplify the solution and reduce it to the ordinary first-order differential equation derived from the particle heat balance equation.
The Influence of the Crystallographic Texture of Titanium on its Corrosion Resistance in Biological Media
Authors: Ivanov Ivan V. , Thoemmes Alexander , Kashimbetova Adelya A.
Published: April 2018

In this study, relationship between corrosion resistance and crystallographic texture of α-titanium alloys has been investigated. Samples of α-titanium with different crystallographic texture were obtained by using non-vacuum electron beam cladding as well as cold rolling with a deformation ratios ε ~ 30% and ε ~ 60%. Obtained results show that the crystallographic texture of the surface of titanium influences the corrosion properties and biological compatibility the highest of corrosion resistance corresponds to alloys with a basal surface texture ((0001), (0002)).
Influence of Tempering Temperatures on Magnetoelastic Relaxation Behavior of 30KH13 Steel
Authors: Muratov Kamil , Novikov Vitaly , Sokolov Roman , Probotyuk Vladimir
Published: April 2018

Magnetoelastic tests of 30KH13 (30X13) steel were carried out under cyclic loadings. The article focuses on the property of magnetoelastic power relaxation of remanent magnetization. With the load amplitude increasing, complexes of power approximation coefficients reflect typical mechanical loads at various tempering temperatures.
Production of Zirconium Aluminides by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Dolmatov Oleg Yu. , Kolyadko Daniil K. , Pimenov Nikita O. , Chursin Stanislav S.
Published: April 2018

This work presents the possibility of carrying out the SH-synthesis of materials based on intermetallic zirconium-aluminium compounds. This material can be used as the matrix material of dispersion nuclear fuel. As the result of experiments on the synthesis of zirconium aluminide by the SHS-method, the technological features and basic characteristics of physical and chemical processes have been identified. During the synthesis, the temperature distributions along the volume of samples and the impact of synthesis conditions on the phase composition of finished product were analyzed. Also, the optimal parameters for the production of specific phases of zirconium aluminides have been stated. In this paper, a material with a content of intermetallic Al2Zr and Al3Zr of more than 90 percent was obtained.
Synthesis of Special Clinkers with the Use of Technogenic Raw Materials
Authors: Miryuk Olga
Published: April 2018

During research were developed ideas about the formation of C6A4MS phase in the aluminate clinker. The influence of the mineral and chemical composition of the raw mixture on the formation of C6A4MS was studied. Schemes of phase transformations providing synthesis of C6A4MS are proposed in this paper. Within research also have been studied the processes of hydration and hardening of aluminate phases. It was found that C6A4MS exhibits high hydraulic activity. Preference is given for the content of C6A4MS in aluminate clinkers obtained using technogenic materials.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: Higher Gross Zagier Formulas
Authors: Yun Zhiwei , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2018

The aim of this Arbeitsgemeinschaft is to go over the proof of the higher Gross–Zagier formula established in the paper [YZ15]. The formula relates arbitrary order central derivative of the base change

L

-function of an unramifed automorphic representation of PGL

_2

over a function field to the self-intersection number of a certain algebraic cycle on the moduli stack of Shtukas.
Nonlinear Waves and Dispersive Equations
Authors: Koch Herbert , Raphaël Pierre , Tataru Daniel , Vișan Monica
Published: April 2018

Nonlinear dispersive equations are models for nonlinear waves in a wide range of physical contexts. Mathematically they display an interplay between linear dispersion and nonlinear interactions, which can result in a wide range of outcomes from finite time blow-up to solitons and scattering. They are linked to many areas of mathematics and physics, ranging from integrable systems and harmonic analysis to fluid dynamics, geometry, general relativity and probability.
Geometric Structures in Group Theory
Authors: Bridson Martin R. , Kramer Linus , Rémy Bertrand , Vogtmann Karen
Published: April 2018

Geometric group theory has natural connections and rich interfaces with many of the other major fields of modern mathematics. The basic motif of the field is the construction and exploration of actions by infinite groups on spaces that admit further structure, with an emphasis on geometric structures of different sorts: one usually seeks actions in order to illuminate the structure of groups of particular interest, but one also explores actions in order to understand the underlying spaces. The dramatic growth of the field in the late twentieth century was closely associated with the study of generalized forms of non-positive and negative curvature, and classically the spaces at hand were cell complexes with some additional structure. But the scope of the field, the range of groups embraced by its techniques, and the nature of the spaces studied, have expanded enormously in recent years, and they continue to do so. This meeting provided an exciting snapshot of some of the main strands in the recent development of the subject.
Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production
Authors: Schiferl Luke D. , Heald Colette L.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Ensuring global food security requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental pressures on food production, including the impacts of air quality. Surface ozone damages plants and decreases crop production; this effect has been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can be beneficial to crops given that enhanced light scattering leads to a more even and efficient distribution of photons which can outweigh total incoming radiation loss. This study quantifies the impacts of ozone and PM on the global production of maize, rice, and wheat in 2010 and 2050. We show that accounting for the growing season of these crops is an important factor in determining their air pollution exposure. We find that the effect of PM can offset much, if not all, of the reduction in yield associated with ozone damage. Assuming maximum sensitivity to PM, the current (2010) global net impact of air quality on crop production varies by crop (+5.6, −3.7, and +4.5 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively). Future emissions scenarios indicate that attempts to improve air quality can result in a net negative effect on crop production in areas dominated by the PM effect. However, we caution that the uncertainty in this assessment is large, due to the uncertainty associated with crop response to changes in diffuse radiation; this highlights that a more detailed physiological study of this response for common cultivars is crucial.
Evaluation of Himawari-8 surface downwelling solar radiation by ground-based measurements
Authors: Damiani Alessandro , Irie Hitoshi , Horio Takashi , Takamura Tamio , Khatri Pradeep , Takenaka Hideaki , Nagao Takashi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Cordero Raul R.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Observations from the new Japanese
geostationary satellite Himawari-8 permit quasi-real-time estimation of
global shortwave radiation at an unprecedented temporal resolution. However,
accurate comparisons with ground-truthing observations are essential to
assess their uncertainty. In this study, we evaluated the Himawari-8 global
radiation product AMATERASS using observations recorded at four SKYNET
stations in Japan and, for certain analyses, from the surface network of the
Japanese Meteorological Agency in 2016. We found that the spatiotemporal
variability of the satellite estimates was smaller than that of the ground
observations; variability decreased with increases in the time step and
spatial domain. Cloud variability was the main source of uncertainty in the
satellite radiation estimates, followed by direct effects caused by aerosols
and bright albedo. Under all-sky conditions, good agreement was found between
satellite and ground-based data, with a mean bias in the range of
20–30 W m−2 (i.e., AMATERASS overestimated ground observations) and a
root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 70–80 W m−2. However,
results depended on the time step used in the validation exercise, on the
spatial domain, and on the different climatological regions. In particular,
the validation performed at 2.5 min showed largest deviations and RMSE
values ranging from about 110 W m−2 for the mainland to a maximum of
150 W m−2 in the subtropical region. We also detected a limited
overestimation in the number of clear-sky episodes, particularly at the pixel
level. Overall, satellite-based estimates were higher under overcast
conditions, whereas frequent episodes of cloud-induced enhanced surface
radiation (i.e., measured radiation was greater than expected clear-sky
radiation) tended to reduce this difference. Finally, the total mean bias was
approximately 10–15 W m−2 under clear-sky conditions, mainly because
of overall instantaneous direct aerosol forcing efficiency in the range of
120–150 W m−2 per unit of aerosol optical depth (AOD). A seasonal
anticorrelation between AOD and global radiation differences was evident at
all stations and was also observed within the diurnal cycle.
Ecosystem respiration in coastal tidal flats can be modelled from air temperature, plant biomass and inundation regime
Authors: Yu Xueyang , Ye Siyuan , Olsson Linda , Wei Mengjie , Krauss Ken W. , Brix Hans
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Ecosystem respiration contributes greatly to carbon emissions and losses in coastal wetlands. To gain a better understanding of gaseous carbon loss from a coastal wetland covered by seablite (Suaeda salsa Pall.) and to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on ecosystem respiration, a multi-year in-situ experiment was carried out during the growing season of 2012 through part of 2014. By partitioning total carbon dioxide (CO2) flux into soil respiration (Rsoil) and plant respiration (Rp), we found that during mid-summer, ecosystem CO2 respiration rates (Reco) were within the range of 844.5 to 1150.0 mg CO2 m−2 −1, while Reco was as low as 31.7 to 110.8 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 at the beginning and the end of growing seasons. Aboveground S. salsa plant material comprised 79.1 % of total biomass on average, and Rp dominated Reco during inundated periods. It is estimated that 1 gram of soil-emergent S. salsa biomass (dry weight) could produce approximately 1.41 to 1.46 mg CO2 per hour during mid-summer. When water level was below the soil surface, soil microbial and belowground root respiration (Rs+r) was exponentially correlated with air temperature. Based on our observation, an empirical model was developed to estimate system respiration of the S. salsa marsh in the Liaohe River Delta, Northeast China. This model can be applied for regional carbon budget estimation purposes from S. salsa wetlands throughout Northeast China.
Projections of East Asian summer monsoon change at global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Xu Haiming , Deng Jiechun
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Much research is needed regarding the two long-term warming targets of the
2015 Paris Agreement, i.e., 1.5 and 2 ∘C above pre-industrial
levels, especially from a regional perspective. The East Asian summer
monsoon (EASM) intensity change and associated precipitation change under
both warming targets are explored in this study. The multimodel ensemble mean
projections by 19 CMIP5 models show small increases in EASM intensity and
general increases in summer precipitation at 1.5 and 2 ∘C warming,
but with large multimodel standard deviations. Thus, a novel multimodel
ensemble pattern regression (EPR) method is applied to give more reliable
projections based on the concept of emergent constraints, which is
effective at tightening the range of multimodel diversity and harmonize the
changes of different variables over the EASM region. Future changes projected
by using the EPR method suggest decreased precipitation over the Meiyu belt
and increased precipitation over the high latitudes of East Asia and Central
China, together with a considerable weakening of EASM intensity. Furthermore,
reduced precipitation appears over 30–40∘ N of East Asia in
June and over the Meiyu belt in July, with enhanced precipitation at their
north and south sides. These changes in early summer are attributed to a
southeastward retreat of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and a
southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ), which weaken the
moisture transport via southerly wind at low levels and alter vertical motions
over the EASM region. In August, precipitation would increase over the high
latitudes of East Asia with more moisture from the wetter area over the ocean
in the east and decrease over Japan with westward extension of WNPSH. These
monthly precipitation changes would finally contribute to a tripolar pattern
of EASM precipitation change at 1.5 and 2 ∘C warming. Corrected EASM
intensity exhibits a slight difference between 1.5 and 2 ∘C, but a
pronounced moisture increase during extra 0.5 ∘C leads to enhanced
EASM precipitation over large areas in East Asia at 2 ∘C warming.
Continuous national gross domestic product (GDP) time series for 195 countries: past observations (1850–2005) harmonized with future projections according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (2006–2100)
Authors: Geiger Tobias
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Gross domestic product (GDP) represents a widely used metric to compare
economic development across time and space. GDP estimates have been routinely
assembled only since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century,
making comparisons with prior periods cumbersome or even impossible. In
recent years various efforts have been put forward to re-estimate national
GDP for specific years in the past centuries and even millennia, providing
new insights into past economic development on a snapshot basis. In order to
make this wealth of data utilizable across research disciplines, we here
present a first continuous and consistent data set of GDP time series for 195
countries from 1850 to 2009, based mainly on data from the Maddison Project
and other population and GDP sources. The GDP data are consistent with Penn
World Tables v8.1 and future GDP projections from the Shared Socio-economic
Pathways (SSPs), and are freely available at
http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2018.010 (Geiger and Frieler, 2018). To ease
usability, we additionally provide GDP per capita data and further
supplementary and data description files in the online archive. We utilize
various methods to handle missing data and discuss the advantages and
limitations of our methodology. Despite known shortcomings this data set
provides valuable input, e.g., for climate impact research, in order to
consistently analyze economic impacts from pre-industrial times to the
future.
SaLEM (v1.0) – the Soil and Landscape Evolution Model (SaLEM) for simulation of regolith depth in periglacial environments
Authors: Bock Michael , Conrad Olaf , Günther Andreas , Gehrt Ernst , Baritz Rainer , Böhner Jürgen
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We propose the implementation of the Soil and Landscape Evolution
Model (SaLEM) for the spatiotemporal investigation of soil parent
material evolution following a lithologically differentiated approach.
Relevant parts of the established Geomorphic/Orogenic
Landscape Evolution Model (GOLEM) have been adapted for an
operational Geographical Information System (GIS) tool within the open-source software framework System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA), thus
taking advantage of SAGA's capabilities for geomorphometric analyses. The
model is driven by palaeoclimatic data (temperature, precipitation)
representative of periglacial areas in northern Germany over the last
50 000 years. The initial conditions have been determined for a test site by
a digital terrain model and a geological model. Weathering, erosion and
transport functions are calibrated using extrinsic (climatic) and intrinsic
(lithologic) parameter data. First results indicate that our differentiated
SaLEM approach shows some evidence for the spatiotemporal prediction of
important soil parental material properties (particularly its depth). Future
research will focus on the validation of the results against field data, and
the influence of discrete events (mass movements, floods) on soil parent
material formation has to be evaluated.
The effect of sediment thermal conductivity on vertical groundwater flux estimates
Authors: Sebok Eva , Müller Sascha
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Vertical sediment temperature profiles are frequently used to estimate vertical fluid fluxes. In these applications using heat as a tracer of groundwater flow, the thermal conductivity of saturated sediments (ke) is often given as a standard literature value and assumed to have a homogeneous distribution in the vertical space. In this study vertical sediment temperature profiles were collected both in a high-flux stream and a low-flux lagoon environment in a sand-, and peat-covered area. ke was measured at the location of each temperature profile at several depths below the sediment-water interface up to 0.5 m with a measurement spacing of 0.1 m. In general ke values measured in this study ranged between 0.55 and 2.96 W m−1 °C−1 with an increase with depth from the sediment-water interface. The effect of using a vertically homogeneous or heterogeneous distribution of measured ke values on vertical flux estimates was studied with a steady-state HydroGeoSphere model. In the high-flux stream environment estimated fluxes varied between 0.03 and 0.71 m d−1 and in the low-flux lagoon between 0.02 and 0.23 m d−1. It was found, that using a vertically heterogeneous distribution of sediment thermal conductivity did not considerably change the fit between observed and simulated temperature data compared to a homogeneous distribution of ke. However, depending on the choice of sediment thermal conductivities, flux estimates decreased by up to 64 % or increased by up to 75 % compared to using a standard ke sediment thermal conductivity for sand, frequently assumed by previous local studies. Hence, our study emphasizes the importance of using spatially distributed thermal properties in heat flux applications in order to obtain more precise flux estimates.