bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio online en una Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética de Santiago, Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Palleres Ximena , Pino Astorga Carolina , Neira Peña Tanya , Cancino Bascuñán Valentina
Published: December 2022

La metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio posibilita al estudiantado la aplicación de conocimientos teóricos en un contexto real, a través de la satisfacción de una necesidad señalada por la comunidad, donde el cuerpo docente guía el aprendizaje del alumnado. No obstante, dada las restricciones de cuarentena producto de la pandemia por COVID-19, las actividades de Aprendizaje-Servicio de una Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética de Santiago, Chile se implementaron en modalidad a distancia. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la percepción de la experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio en modalidad a distancia desde la mirada del alumnado y las personas beneficiaras de las actividades de A+S de una Universidad chilena durante el año académico 2020. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño descriptivo, transversal por conveniencia no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo constituida por 56 estudiantes y 28 personas beneficiaras de Santiago de Chile. Para describir la percepción de la experiencia se aplicó un cuestionario elaborada y validada para este estudio. Nuestros resultados señalan que más del 50% del alumnado y las personas beneficiaras valoraron de manera positiva las actividades en modalidad a distancia. Las personas beneficiaras calificaron la experiencia con un promedio de notas mayor que el estudiantado (Mbeneficiarias= 4.64 contra Mestudiantes= 4.50; p = .321). En conclusión, la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio en modalidad a distancia fue bien valorada por las personas que participaron, de manera que es una opción de implementación.
Perceptions of Physical Education teachers from a metropolitan region of southern Brazil about the repercussions of the COVID-19 on their pedagogical practices
Authors: Freitas da Cunha Beatriz , Escobar Martins Samara , Tomaz Luiz Maria Eduarda , Matos Garibaldi Vitória , Marinho Alcyane
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact around the world, impacting various sectors of society, including education and consequently school physical education. In this way, we sought to investigate, through a descriptive-exploratory field research, with a qualitative approach to the data, the perceptions of Physical Education teachers from a metropolitan region of southern Brazil about the repercussions of the pandemic on their pedagogical practices. To this end, sixteen teachers participated in this study, nine from the public school system and seven from the private network, through semi-structured interviews, online, during the months of June and July 2021. The data, which were organized through the NVivo-12 software and analyzed by the content analysis technique, point to difficulties, facilities and learning resulting from experiences during the pandemic. Aspects of emergency remote teaching, the application of security protocols in physical education classes and the potential of physical education for students in the current and future context were addressed. From these findings it was possible to verify that these teachers needed, more than ever, to develop their adaptive skills. This is because this study demonstrated that Physical Education classes were the only time when children are out of the classroom, being perceived as a moment of liberation, after experiencing the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, considering that these teachers provide feelings of lightness, joy, and manifestation of expressions. Thus, the findings of this study can contribute to reflections and overcoming of future challenges related to the teaching of School Physical Education. For this, future research is needed to verify how these consequences are reverberating over time.
A bélelőkészítés lehetőségei és hazai gyakorlata a tervezett colorectalis műtétek előtt
Authors: Venczel László , Bartók Ádám , Sikorszki László
Published: December 2022

Bevezetés

A tervezett colorectalis műtétek előtti bélelőkészítés évtizedek óta vitatott téma a sebészeti gyakorlatban. Az utóbbi másfél évtizedben a bélelőkészítés szükségességéről, illetve annak kivitelezéséről számos rangos közlemény jelent meg. Munkacsoportunk célja volt egy országos felmérést végezni a jelenlegi, hazai gyakorlatról, illetve rövid áttekintést nyújtani a legfontosabb, releváns irodalmi adatokról, nemzetközi ajánlásokról.

Anyag és módszerek

A szerzők online kitölthető, anonim kérdőív kitöltésére kértek fel 50 hazai, colorectalis műtéteket végző sebészeti osztályt. A 40 munkacsoport által kitöltött kérdőív adatait a jobb colonfél, bal colonfél, illetve a rectum tumorai esetére külön-külön dolgozták fel.

Eredmények

Az eredmények alapján a bélelőkészítés módjában országosan rendkívül nagy szórás mutatkozik: a jobb colonfél esetén 7-féle, a bal colonfél esetén 3-féle, a rectum műtétei esetén szintén 3-féle kombinációban alkalmaznak valamilyen előkészítést.

Következtetések

A hazai gyakorlatban alkalmazott bélelőkészítési módok nagyfokú heterogenitást mutatnak, melyek vélhetően főként egyéni tapasztalatokon alapulnak. A legtöbb centrum esetén a gyakorlat eltér a jelenlegi nemzetközi ajánlásoktól. Megfontolandó lenne a témában egy hazai konszenzusdokumentum kidolgozása.
Emlőrák hasüregi áttétei – Egy szokatlan entitás klinikopatológiai jellemzői
Authors: Drozgyik András , Molnár F. Tamás , Tokodi Zsófia , Bodoky György , Kollár Dániel , Oláh Attila
Published: December 2022

Esetismertetés

Progresszív gyomorürülési zavar miatt végeztünk műtétet egy hatvanöt éves nőbetegnél. A colon transversumot infiltráló irreszekábilis gyomordaganatot és peritoneális karcinózist észleltünk. Palliatív gasztro-jejunosztómiát és ileo-descendosztómiát helyeztünk fel. A klinikum, az endoszkópia – linitis plastica –, a műtéti kép és az intraoperatív hisztológia gyomor shigillocellularis karcinómát véleményezett. Palliatív onkológiai kezelése alatt állapota stagnált. A három évvel a műtét után kialakult recidív multiplex bőráttétek és a jobb emlő külső-felső negyedében észlelt daganat szövettani hormonreceptor-pozitív, humán epidermális növekedési faktor receptor-2 negatív lobuláris emlőkarcinómát igazolt. A korábbi műtéti minta szövettani revíziója megerősítette az utóbbi diagnózist. Ezt követően palliatív hormonkezelés hatására a tumoros folyamat csaknem komplett radiológiai regressziót mutatott. A beteg panasz- és tünetmentes a kezdeti hasi panaszokat követő hat évvel.

Megbeszélés

Az emlő rosszindulatú daganatainak mintegy tizede lobuláris karcinóma. Az emlőrák többi típusától eltérően gyakrabban multicentrikus, bilaterális, okkult és metasztatizál savós hártyákra, hasűri, kismedencei zsigerekbe. Esetünk illusztrálja, hogy az onkológiai kezelés fejlődésével a palliáció új értelmet nyer. Az emlőrákos betegek növekvő túlélése miatt várhatóan a jelenleg ritka emlőrák-eredetű hasűri áttétek száma is növekszik. Előrehaladott hasüregi tumoros folyamatok esetén is nélkülözhetetlen a hisztológiai megerősítés, különösen a szokatlan kórlefolyás esetén. Interdiszciplináris együttműködés, onkoteamdöntések kínálnak csak további javulást az emlőrák diagnosztikájában és terápiájában.
Sindemia o pandemia. Tratamiento de las enfermedades minoritarias en la televisión pública española durante la crisis de la COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez-Castillo Sebastián , Solves-Almela Josep
Published: December 2022

Las enfermedades minoritarias (EM) afectan a menos de 5 casos por cada 10 000 habitantes. De forma generalizada su diagnóstico definitivo tarda años en obtenerse y muestran un pronóstico desfavorable. La información publicada sobre estas enfermedades es fundamental para su visibilidad social y para lograr que las personas afectadas obtengan más recursos para la investigación básica y clínica, en especial durante la crisis de la COVID-19. En este artículo se ha examinado la información audiovisual de la televisión pública española TVE desde el 1 de enero de 2019 al 9 de mayo de 2021 sobre estas enfermedades. Bajo el paradigma del framing se han analizado 51 unidades de análisis. Los resultados evidencian que durante la crisis de la COVID-19 la información sobre las enfermedades minoritarias ha tenido un menor eco en la televisión pública española y han prevalecido los temas científicos frente a los de denuncia social e historias de vida.
Patrones de cambio en el poblamiento rural del norte Alentejo (Portugal): propuestas para el análisis de sitios y territorios del siglo I al X
Authors: Carneiro André , Trapero-Fernández Pedro
Published: December 2022

El territorio del Alto Alentejo es una zona densamente poblada en época romana. Numerosos lugares de medianas y grandes dimensiones comparten una zona en la que hay muy pocos asentamientos urbanos. Sin embargo, en la transición al siglo V, se producen numerosos cambios que permiten percibir fuertes modificaciones en la ocupación del espacio. En este artículo definimos una metodología para el estudio de estos cambios, utilizando la información de las prospecciones y excavaciones arqueológicas, itinerarios y caminos secundarios y datos de origen geográfico, para integrarlos en un SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica) y generar un modelo de análisis comparativo diacrónico de los cambios en el patrón de poblamiento entre época romana Altoimperial, Antigüedad Tardía y Alta Edad Media.
Propuesta metodológica para análisis arqueológicos de altitud: aplicación al Castillo de Arenas (Campillo de Arenas, Jaén)
Authors: Modrego-Fernández Roque , Martín-Civantos José-María
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo trata de establecer una metodología sobre análisis de altitud en Arqueología del Paisaje. El interés de esta variable para estudios de poblamiento histórico ha sido relegado por el protagonismo de otras como la visibilidad o la captación de recursos próximos. De esta manera se exponen dos métodos, con dos escalas de trabajo distintas, con el fin de crear ese corpus inexistente. Como caso de estudio se presenta el Castillo de Arenas (Campillo de Arenas, Jaén), una fortaleza que operó en la frontera castellano-nazarí entre los siglos XIII-XV.
Mana kupu, the power of words: Exploring creative writing in the primary classroom
Authors: Short Verity
Published: December 2022

Teaching writing is complex, and a number of ideas circulating among schools and teachers often belie the difficulty of how to teach the techniques and processes of writing. I’ve come to believe that authorship is not a passive undertaking and does not originate in the struggle to put something onto the page. Rather it emerges by living with a sense of awareness. It is, in a sense, life work, a consciousness of the significance of our experiences and the impression that they make upon us. These impressions then seek expression and, in turn, we are moved to write. I believe that being moved to write should be the driving force behind our work with young writers in schools. From experience I have seen that inquiry-driven, arts-rich invitations to write, with an emphasis on how the writing will function with respect to an intended audience and purpose, foster a sense of connection, and a respect for diverse opinions and points of view. These undertakings are part of the meaning-making process and pivotally cultivate an ability to think critically and creatively—the essence of learning to be literate. When we see that children are innately curious, we see that our role, as educators, is to foster this sense of wonder. When we begin with inquiry and a shared quest for significance, the journey from the head to the page becomes a process of growing meaning. In this article, I will be sharing a number of stories of practice, where students in a range of contexts were enabled via a range of activities to make such a journey.
Te reo pohewa: Engaging primary-school children in writing poetry
Authors: Locke Terry
Published: December 2022

Prior to the March, 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand I was invited to offer professional development on ways that the writing of poetry could be facilitated in a Rotorua primary school. In March/April of that year, I engaged around 18 teachers (including the school principal) in four, two-hour PD sessions using Zoom. A year on, in May 2021, I conducted a small-scale case study with teachers who had participated in all four of these sessions to find out what they had taken away from this PD. In part for my own instruction, I was interested in what “stuck” and what they saw as working in their classrooms. This article offers a brief overview of the shape of the PD that was offered and teachers’ views on its impact one year on.
An introduction to the Special Issue: The Arts in the classroom: Advocacy, theory and practice
Authors: Earl Rinehart Kerry
Published: December 2022

N/A
Omani international students' social connection and friendship at a New Zealand university
Authors: Al-Tamimi Muwafaq , Edwards Frances
Published: December 2022

This is a qualitative study that explored the experiences of friendship formation of Omani international students at a university in New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data from 12 Omani participants and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Utilising Bochner et al.’s (1977) Functional Model, the study found that Omani students were generally satisfied with how they were developing friendships with co-national and international students but revealed dissatisfaction concerning forming friendships with New Zealand students. The perceptions of Omani students revealed six factors that influenced their formation of intercultural friendships: (1) willingness to establish intercultural friendships, (2) frequent communication and social interaction, (3) English language proficiency, (4) capability to engage with host nationals, (5) cultural differences, and (6) personality traits. The data suggest that host-national contact is lacking and that international students prefer to contact co-national and multinational friends, which indicates that highly supportive co-national and international social ties significantly predominate. Higher-education providers in New Zealand and receiving countries addressing one cohort of international students will find these findings particularly useful.
Unsettling language ideologies: Examples from writing teacher education in New Zealand and the United States
Authors: Rubin Jessica Cira , Land Charlotte L. , Jones-Greer Kelsey
Published: December 2022

In this study, we use qualitative research methods to explore how discourses about language manifested within two university writing teacher education classes, one in New Zealand and one in the United States. We used a collaborative teaching journal and student work as main sources of data, which were analysed inductively at key points before, during and after the focal classes. Findings showed that in these two geographically and culturally distinct contexts, practices related to “correctness” and “academic” language or writing were similarly hard to displace, even when the underlying ideas were unsettled. Our analysis suggests teachers and teacher educators have similar struggles of balance—to both prepare students to succeed within the world as it is now and to prepare them to push against the systems that maintain inequities.
Teachers implementing new primary school digital technology areas: What are we teaching now?
Authors: Rhodes Kate , Calder Nigel
Published: December 2022

New digital technology areas were added to the New Zealand primary school technology curriculum in 2020. These areas aim to grow students who are not just passive users of technology but, instead, students who understand how computers work, who are digital creators, informed by design processes and critical thinking. The new digital areas of the technology curriculum appear to have created tension between the expectations of teachers and their relative capabilities. Examining three primary teachers' implementation of the new digital areas, this project utilised a participatory action research (PAR) methodology to review teachers’ journey of adoption. Findings indicated that implementing the curriculum areas was not as complex as teachers first imagined and that unplugged activities (those without devices) played a significant role in the new digital technology areas’ successful implementation in the classroom. The main themes that appeared from the data included levels of teacher knowledge, teacher confidence and curriculum learning area integration.
Trash Talk or Smack Talk: The Language of Competitive Sport
Authors: Fennell Marcis
Published: December 2022

This paper challenges the Eurocentric interpretation of the intentionality of the use of trash talk in competitive sport. The power bloc established within sport enables the formation of a moral community amongst athletes within competitive sport. An anthropological exploration of the Black vernacular tradition of trash talk, from the Middle Passage to modern American sport, supports the use of trash talk as a mechanism used to ethically vet and form relationships within moral communities of competitive sport. The proposed conceptual framework advances philosophical scholarship on the sociology and ethics of sport by creating a line of literature that explores moral communities in sport from the perspective of the athlete. Framing trash talk as smack talk reveals the intentionality of the aggressive interactions as an ethical construct established by the athletes within the capitalistic environment of competitive sport. An understanding of athlete discourse will empower diversity, equity, and inclusion officers, administrators, and coaches in producing and regulating ethical environments for athletes in American sport.
Air Pollution as an Indicator of Local Environmental Safety Based on the Example of the Town of Barlinek
Authors:   The Military University of Technology (Poland), Świerszcz Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

This article aims to present the state of air quality treated as a measure of the state of quality of local environmental safety, based on the research conducted in the town of Barlinek. This information is necessary to identify the areas that require action to improve air quality (to reduce the concentration of pollutants). The main factors that inspired the author to address this issue are, first of all, the continuous high level of air pollution, despite the actions taken to reduce it; secondly, the lack of precise, clear indicators and measures of such deprivation that applies to a major part of the territory of Poland that would take into account the individual national context; thirdly, the need to identify the main factors that determine this phenomenon in the specific context of Poland. Other factors include the need to consider the requirement for Poland as a member state of the EU to participate in reducing air pollution to an appropriate extent; and, finally, the need to develop and implement integrated 10-year National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) for the years 2021–2030 with a long-term perspective to the year 2050, as well as long-term renovation strategies to improve the accuracy of eliminating air pollution. The research problem focuses on three issues: presenting the current national and European criteria of ecological safety for air pollution, identifying the indicators and measures that enable the determination of air pollution levels, and presenting the local air pollution level based on the selected example. The research problem discussed in the article is empirical. Analytical/synthetic, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to provide a more in-depth analysis of the problem, and conclusions were drawn.
The Russian Federation Dominance in the International Security Environment
Authors:   Jan Kochanowski University (Poland), Banasik Mirosław
Published: December 2022

This article presents the research results, which set out to explain the mechanisms leading to the achievement of dominance by the Russian Federation in the international security environment. In the research process, the systemic approach was applied. Analysis and criticism of the literature, non-participatory observation and case study elements were used to solve the research problems. As a result, it was determined that the theoretical basis for the Russian Federation's achievement of international dominance is the concept of new generation war. The model of the strategic influence of the Russian Federation is directed at the shaping of the security environment and includes the synchronisation of kinetic and non-kinetic measures, indirect and direct effects, the blurring of the boundaries between war and peace and the application of pressure and aggression. The Russian Federation achieves strategic dominance through asymmetry, chaos, reflexive control, and strategic deterrence. Armed forces provide a key role in asserting dominance, focused on conducting offensive activities and inflicting losses with conventional and nuclear weapons.
Terrorism and the Hybrid Warfare in Aspect of War in Ukraine
Authors:   The Main School of Fire Service in Warsaw (Poland), Wróblewski Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Contemporary terrorism is characterised by a complex and networked model of operation. While the main objectives of terrorist acts remain the same, the attack environment, tactics and tools are changing. The international community is taking steps to strengthen counter-terrorism systems, but these are peaceful solutions. These models do not consider the conditions of hybrid armed conflicts in which terrorism is an element of combat tactics. It is a relatively new phenomenon and particularly dangerous for the civilian population. The acts of terror in hybrid warfare are not mechanisms with a simple scheme of action, and, as we try to show in this article, they represent a deliberate and broad spectrum of action. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand terrorism in the context of the threat of hybrid war (especially when terrorist acts complement hybrid tactics or significantly replace conventional tactics). This type of threat must be recognised before achieving its strategic goals. From the substantive point of view, the article studies the problem of terrorism as one of the threats of an armed conflict in Ukraine, commonly known as hybrid war.
GEOCHEMICAL PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION OF DISPERSED GAS COMPONENTS IN THE SHALLOW SUBSURFACE OF WEST SIBERIA
Authors: Naumenko Vitaliya O. , Ponomarev Andrey A. , Kadyrov Marsel A. , Tugushev Oskar A. , Drugov Denis A. , Nurullina Tatiana S.
Published: December 2022

Despite the modern trends for the decarbonization of power engineering, transportation, and industry, fossil fuels remain in high demand. On the other hand, the gas and oil industries are also interested in energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Drilling of the wells is one of the most environmental danger processes, and reducing the number of wells is an important task that also provides an increase in the overall energy efficiency of the oil/gas mining technological process. Deposit exploration is a necessary part of the petroleum mining industry that determines the presence of fuel resources. The reliable and fast identification of the oil/gas deposits allows for a decrease in the number of drilled research holes. The authors of this article investigated the depth distribution of the hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components of dispersed gas sampled from the cores of West Siberia shallow wells to quickly refine the boundaries of the layers using a priori information in the form of geochemical correlation. The correlations were established based on the amount of methane, the sum of homologs of methane, hydrogen, and olefines. The results show a decrease in the concentrations of gas components at the boundaries of layers with different lithologies. The term "geochemical seal" is introduced to describe such a phenomenon.
Alexandre Dumas's Odyssey: Race, Slavery, Narrative
Authors: Birch Edmund
Published: December 2022

Alexandre Dumas père left behind few explicit reflections on race and slavery in the modern world, but he was not silent on these subjects. Before the tireless deeds of the musketeers, or the vengeful fantasies of the Count of Monte-Cristo, there was Georges, an 1843 novel of race and slave rebellion set on the island of Mauritius. This essay explores questions of homecoming, homelessness, and recognition in the novel. It argues that the text incorporates a series of references to the Homeric Odyssey and that these come to illuminate the complexities of a problem faced by metropolitan French novelists of the nineteenth century: What manner of plot might grasp, or fail to grasp, the interlocking injustices of racism and slavery? After all, Georges does not conclude with homecoming and recognition, as the model of the Odyssey might imply, but with homelessness.
Analysis of the influence of siphon hole spacing on soft-soil drainage effect
Authors: Shen Qingsong , Wang Jun , Sun Hongyue , Shu Junwei , Shang Yuequan
Published: December 2022

In soft-soil siphon drainage, due to the siphon phenomenon, groundwater is discharged from the soil without the need for power and this increases the effective stress in the soil. A significant part of the drainage effect is determined by the spacing of the siphon holes. According to model tests carried out in this work, the decrease in the groundwater level was more pronounced for a smaller siphon hole spacing. Compared with a single-hole test, a spacing of 0.4 m resulted in an improvement of 107.6% in the minimum groundwater level. Based on subsequent numerical simulations it was found that when the hole spacing was 1.0 m, the decrease in the groundwater level on day 60 reached the limit value of 10 m for soft soil with a permeability coefficient of 10−9 m/s. In addition, field tests indicated that the average decrease in the water level for a 0.9 m hole spacing was 75.9% greater than that for 1.8 m, while the time required to reach the same decrease in the water level was 63.6% less.
The Occult Diary: Paris 1896 – Stockholm 1908
Authors: Strindberg August
Published: December 2022

August Strindberg (1849–1912) kept a diary from February 1896 in Paris until the summer of 1908 in Stockholm. He referred to his diary from this period as his Occult Diary and used it to help him decipher the world as he experienced it. He read and reread his own notations, adding new interpretations, and deleting others. He also drew on the diary as material for creative expression, transforming isolated events and observations into groundbreaking works of literature. The Occult Diary is published here in its entirety in English translation for the first time, in a final revision by Ann-Charlotte Gavel Adams and with an introduction by Per Stam. The Occult Diary is a key resource for international Strindberg scholars and theater professionals and more broadly for scholars focusing on drama, theater history, stage performance, and literary currents at the turn of the previous century. The diary initiates the reader into the writer’s inner world during a crucial transitional period in his personal and literary life. It documents his readings and observations and gives important clues and information about an ongoing process of artistic reorientation. Strindberg was exploring new ways of looking at, interpreting, and writing about nature, science, art, the occult, and his fellow human beings.
Sahâbe ve Tâbiûnun Hadislerdeki Emirlere Yaklaşımı
Authors: Sunar Hüseyin Sırrı
Published: December 2022

Hadislerdeki emirlerin doğru anlaşılmasında sahabe ve tâbiûn neslinin yorum ve anlayışları büyük önem arz etmektedir. Sahabe ve tâbiûn neslinin hadislerdeki emirlere yaklaşımlarının tespiti, fıkhî mezheplerin farklı açılardan emrin gereğine yönelik yaklaşımlarının gerekçesinin anlaşılmasına da yardımcı olacaktır. Bu makalede hadis kaynakları ve şerhlerinden sahabe ve tâbiûn dönemi emir anlayışlarına örnekler verilerek emirleri yorumlamada takip edilen metot ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Hadislerin oluşum sürecini birebir yaşayan ve Arap Dili’nin inceliklerine vukûfiyeti olan sahabe, genel olarak Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) hüküm koymaya ve olan hükmü beyan etmeye yönelik konumunu kabul ederek onun emirlerine uymayı vacip görmüşlerdir. Sahabe nesli, tevile açık durumlarda yorumlama ilkesini benimsemiştir. Onlar bu uygulamalarında usul kaideleri koymaya ihtiyaç duymamışlardır. Tâbiûn ise Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s) hitabına direk değil ancak sahabe vasıtasıyla muhatap olabilmiştir. Bu duruma sosyal şartlar ve Arap Dili’nde gerçekleşen değişimlerin de eklenmesi artık yorum ve anlamaya yönelik kuralların oluşmasını gerektirmiştir. Bu süreç baştan sona takip edildiğinde tâbiûnun sahabenin yorum ve anlamada takip ettiği metodu izledikleri görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte tâbiûn döneminde kural ve kaidelerin belirginleşmeye başladığı, hadislerde yer alan emirleri anlamakla ilgili problemlerin birebir yaşanıp çözümlerin üretildiği, içtihat ve tercih konularında çok zengin bir faaliyetin ortaya çıktığı görülecektir. Bu dönemin incelenmesi yorum geleneğinin en önemli iki halkası olan sahabe dönemini ve sonraki fıkhî mezhepler dönemini kavramada yardımcı olacaktır.
"Comprehensive Care" Concept in Nursing: Systematic Review
Authors: Renghea Alina , Cuevas-Budhart Miguel Angel , Yébenes-Revuelto Hugo , Gómez del Pulgar Mercedes , Iglesias-López María Teresa
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Integrated health care is a concept widely used in the planning and organisation of nursing care. It is a highly topical concept, but at the same time it is deeply rooted in the theory and models of Nursing right from its inception as a science. There is no clear, agreed definition that describes it.
Objective. To systematise the knowledge available on the concept of "comprehensive care" in Nursing from the point of view of nursing care, its domains and characteristics. Methods. A literature search has been carried out in several languages (Spanish, Portuguese, English and Romanian) in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Dialnet, covering the period between 2013 and 2019. The search terms used were: comprehensive health care, health and nursing. Prospero register 170327.
Results. Sixteen documents were identified, which grouped 8 countries, mainly Brazil, being thecountry with the highest output on this context– 10 documents were found within the qualitative paradigm and 6 quantitative ones. The concept "Comprehensive" ; is commonly used to refer to comprehensive nursing care techniques, protocols, programmes and plans, covering care in all aspects of the individual as a complement to or independent of the clinical needs arising from health care.
Conclusion. The definition of features pertaining to the concept "Comprehensive Care" ; encourages the use and standardisation of nursing care plans, improving patient follow-up, the detection of new risk factors, complications and new health problems not related to the reason for admission. This increases the capacity for prevention and improves the patient’s quality of life, and their primary and/or family caregivers, which translates into lower costs in the health system.
Factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program
Authors: Giraldo-Marín Isabel-Cristina , Henao Murillo Natalia Andrea , Londoño Rodríguez María Camila , Aguirre Torres Manuela , López Palacio Gabriel Jaime
Published: December 2022

Goal. To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in akangaroo family program.

Methods. Quantitative, observational study with a secondary source of a retrospective cohort of 707 babies with monitoring at admission, at 40 weeks, at three and at six months of corrected age in the kangaroo family program of a public hospital in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) from 2016 to 2019.

Results. 49.6% of babies were born with low weight for gestational age and 51.5% were female. 58.3% of the mothers were unemployed and 86.2% of them lived with their partner. When entering the kangaroo family program, 94.2% of the babies received breastfeeding and at six months they were 44.7%. The variables that were associated with the duration of breastfeeding up to six months according to the explanatory model were: the mother's cohabitation with her partner (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 1.34) and receiving breastfeeding when entering the kangaroo family program (APR: 2.30).

Conclusion. The factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in the kangaroo family program were that the mother lived with her partner and that the mother was breastfeeding when she entered the program, therefore they received education and support from the interdisciplinary team, which could favor confidence and willingness towards breastfeeding.
Care Perceptions in two ICU Nursing Care Delivery Models: A qualitative-comparative approach
Authors: López Cárdenas William Iván , Henao Murillo Natalia Andrea , Gil Vidal Esteban , Altamirano Ceron Rosa Milena , Santa Mejía Yuly Andrea , Jurado Jiménez Adriana Cristina
Published: December 2022

Objective. Analyzed in compared perspective perceptions about nursing care, nurse-patient interaction, and nursing care outcomes in two ICU nursing staff in a high-complexity hospital institution, whose Nursing are Delivery Models (NCDM) are differentiated by the proportion of nurses and nurse assistants (NA) per team and by the assigned tasks and responsibilities.

Methods. Particularist ethnography with adaptation to virtual methodologies. It included the sociodemographic characteristics of 19 nurses and 23 NA, 14 semi-structured interviews, review of patients’ clinical records, and a focus group. Coding, categorization, inductive analysis, validation of results with participants were conducted and thematic saturation was achieved.

Results. Four themes were identified: i) Professionalized care: a nursing of superior value; ii) senses and feelings of care; iii) nursing workload, generating factors and impacts; and iv) nursing missed care as concrete expression of the nursing workload.

Conclusion. Compared nursing teams perceived nursing care in different ways, since it was experienced based on the assigned responsibilities and the possibilities of interaction with patients. Nursing care in the NCDM of the ICU with prevalence of direct bedside care by nurses with support from NA, it was perceived as holistic, comprehensive, and empathetic; whereas in the ICU with prevalence of delegated care to NA, it was related with administrative leadership and management of the ICU. Regarding the results, the NCDM of the ICU of direct bedside care by nurses showed better performance in patient safety and was closer to the skill level and legal responsibility of the nursing staff.
Primary Health Care. Specific Nursing Leadership
Authors: Martínez-Riera José Ramón
Published: December 2022

The 1978 Alma-Ata International Declaration (Kazakhstan – former Soviet Socialist state),(1) was a turning point, at least regarding the conception of what was understood by primary health care (PHC) and what it should contribute to respond to the needs and demands of the population. The Declaration considered it, not only possible, but was aimed at achieving health for every country by the year 2000. The approaches to achieve this, although praiseworthy and difficult for anyone to reject, led to its signing by the 134 countries and 67 international organizations present at the meeting – highlighting the important absence of the People’s Republic of China-, the intention was to stop financing rearmament policies and support for military conflicts and direct policies to promote independence, peace, détente and disarmament, to use those resources in the social and economic development of the people and invest on PHC, as essential element to achieve it.
Fenômenos de congruência semântica na representação algébrica de enunciados de problemas de duas equações lineares simultâneas
Authors: Richit Luiz Augusto , Richit Adriana
Published: December 2022

A Matemática caracteriza-se por processos de mudança de representações denominada por Duval de conversão, porém a representação algébrica de relações matemáticas enunciadas em problemas caracteriza uma dificuldade frequente dos alunos. Para Duval, as principais dificuldades que emergem na conversão entre representações se devem aos fenômenos de congruência semântica. Baseados na Teoria do Registro da Representação Semiótica, analisamos as dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionadas à conversão entre enunciados de problemas e a escrita de equações para problemas cuja solução recai em ‘um sistema de equações lineares com duas incógnitas’. A partir desta delimitação, ilustramos e discutimos as questões subjacentes à tarefa de conversão em Matemática. Assim, buscamos contribuir com as discussões sobre a escrita algébrica para os enunciados dos problemas deste objeto de pesquisa. Por fim, a análise apresentada contribui para as discussões sobre a abordagem desses problemas, oportuniza a compreensão de algumas dificuldades do aluno e aponta a importância do estudo cen[1]trado na coordenação de registros semióticos em Matemática
Comparing Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) Following Intubation using Macintosh Laryngoscope Versus C-MAC® Video Laryngoscope
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: December 2022

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication with incidence of 30-90% when intubation was done using conventional Macintosh laryngoscope. Although POST is usually self-limiting and with no long-term morbidity, it can lead to patient’s discomfort and dissatisfaction in the postoperative period. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of POST following intubation using Macintosh laryngoscope and C-MAC® videolaryngoscope (VL) at various time intervals post anaesthesia. This prospective randomised controlled study comprised of 128 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II status who underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. All recruited patients have normal airway and divided randomly into Group 1 and Group 2 that used Macintosh laryngoscope and C-MAC® VL during intubation, respectively. Patients were evaluated for sore throat, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia and coughing at recovery, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after intubation. Severity of POST was assessed using numerical rating scale (NRS). Incidence of POST was found to be higher in the Macintosh laryngoscope group (61.9%) compared to C-MAC® VL group (47.9%) although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.107). Median pain score was used to assess the severity of POST, showing low and comparable in both groups at all time intervals. There were also no significant differences seen in hoarseness of voice, coughing and dysphagia for both groups during postoperation. Incidence of POST following intubation using C-MAC® VL and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope were comparable. This study revealed that severity of POST was generally low in both groups.
Explorative Survey on the Usage and Needs of Mobile Health Applications (mHealth) amongst Caregivers in Taking Care of Stroke Survivors
Authors:   Long Term Stroke Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: December 2022

Mobile health (mHealth) applications may assist stroke caregivers in answering the unmet needs of inadequate information and support from healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore the usage and needs of mHealth applications among stroke caregivers and its associated factors. This cross-sectional study involved 207 stroke caregivers attending hospital and community-based stroke clinics in Kuala Lumpur between December 2020 until March 2021. The survey was done through newly developed self-administered bilingual questionnaires using face to face interviews, telephone interviews and Google form. Most caregivers (77.8%) used at least one mHealth application for self-care or during the caregiving process. The three most types of mHealth applications were contacting healthcare professionals (89.9%), disease monitoring (89.4%) and health information (89.4%). The three most features of mHealth applications were free to download/use (94.7%), simple interface (93.7%) and data security/privacy (93.7%). Chi-square test of association showed managing appointment (χ2(1) = 5.65, p = 0.017), health information (χ2(1) = 6.72, p = 0.01), disease monitoring (χ2(1) = 9.58, p = 0.002), contacting healthcare professional (χ2 (1) = 6.27, p = 0.012) and patient disability level (χ2(1) = 4.29, p = 0.038) were significantly associated with specific types of mHealth applications. In conclusion, the overall usage of mHealth applications among stroke caregivers was high, with the need of specific types and features in mHealth applications among stroke caregivers.
High CD4+/CD8+ Intratumour Ratio is Associated with Favourable Outcome in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: December 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous breast cancer subtype which accounts for 10-15% among all diagnosed breast cancers. There is increased resistance of TNBC to conventional chemotherapy and hormonal therapy due to lack of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Mutual relationship and interactions between both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are very crucial for eliciting adaptive immune system during anti-cancer immune response. This study aimed to determine the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in TNBC by immunohistochemistry assay and to investigate the association of CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with survival outcome. Quantification of both immunostaining TILs subset was done using conventional light microscope. A wide range of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs subset was found within intratumor stroma of TNBC with population mean score of 0.93 and 0.53, respectively. However, the difference of mean population between both TILs subsets was insignificant overall (P-value of CD4+= 0.484; CD8+= 0.835) when compared statistically using independent t-test. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in intratumor stroma ranged from 0.50-5.88 among all TNBC subtypes. The high CD4+/CD8+ ratio within intratumor stroma showed favorable association with survival outcome during the 2 years’ follow-up.
Uncoupling Healthspan and Lifespan in Long-lived Daf-2, Pmk-3 and Sgk-1 Knockdown Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: December 2022

Modulation of genes expression in signaling pathways promotes longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) but it is unclear whether this will improve healthspan. This study aimed to determine the healthspan of daf-2, pmk-3 and sgk-1 knocked-down worms. Health measures were determined at day 5, day 10 and day 15 of adult worms which were cultured in nematode growth media containing Escherichia coli. Heat resistance was determined by analysing the survival of worms at 37°C. Oxidative stress resistance was measured after exposure to 10mM hydrogen peroxide to analyse its survival capacity. Movement capacity was analysed by computing the distance travelled on solid media and the number of thrashing in liquid media. Results showed that the gene knockdown worms survived longer than wildtype worms. Daf-2 and pmk-3 knockdown increased movement capacity at day 5 and 10 in solid and liquid media but resulted in similar capacities to wildtype worms at day 15. Sgk-1 knockdown increased movement capacity only at day 5 in both media. The ability of gene knocked-down worms to withstand heat and oxidative stress significantly increased. In conclusion, knockdown of daf-2, pmk-3 and sgk-1 improved resistance to heat and oxidative stress but did not modulate movement incompetency at advanced ages C. elegans.
Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Health Care Workers in A Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Health care workers are at increased risk of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB among health care workers and its associated factors. A retrospective analysis was conducted using database of TB screening program at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz (HCTM) over the period of three years (2018-2020). The prevalence rate of TB showed increasing trend, from 1.54 per 100 health care workers in 2018 to 5.02 per 100 health care workers in 2020. Aged group of 31-40 had higher risk for contracting TB (p<0.001), health support workers had significant association with TB acquisition (p=0.008), workers in Diagnostic Laboratory Department had the high risk of getting infected with TB (p<0.001) and the workplace with the highest prevalence was in laboratory (45.9%). In terms of TB index cases among health care workers, 16 cases (69.5%) were pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 6 cases (26.1%) were extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and 1 case (4.4%) had both PTB and EPTB. It was crucial for health care workers to be aware of these significant associations and for relevant authorities to carry out protective measures.
Clinicians’ Perception of Virtual Reality Therapy in Treating Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: December 2022

In the Western context, virtual reality (VR)-based treatments had been suggested as an intervention for anxiety disorder. Despite its potential efficacy, there is a lack of study which using VR as an intervention, especially for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in Asian countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine what elements are required to design VR and the suitability of VR as an intervention in OCD for the local context. To address this, six clinicians, consisting of three clinical psychologists and three psychiatrists, were interviewed. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol related to their perception on VR as an intervention for OCD patients, as well as the cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) elements that can be incorporated in VR. The findings showed that all clinicians anonymously supported CBT to be augmented into VR as part of intervention for OCD to overcome logistics issues, the interactive nature of the virtual environment and the sense of presence similar to a real-life situation. The side effects of VR also need to be studied before employing these new interventions. In conclusion, VR can be used as an intervention for OCD. CBT-VR intervention can be applied in the Asian context by using similar CBT modules which should be modified according to cultural context.