bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Representation of the City in the Novel: A Taxonomic Study of the Major Critical Approaches
Authors: Saleh Najla Kamel , Jadwe Majeed U.
Published: November 2023

his is a taxonomic study of the major theoretical approaches to thetextual representation of the city in novels. Taxonomy, here, is notrestricted to establishing classifications as much as to use theestablished classifications as an integrated paradigm of critical inquiry.It is the premises of this study that no single approach can fullyaccount for the representation of the city and its urban space in thenovel because each approach, however comprehensive, seeks toexplore or address a specific aspect of the representation or workwithin a single critical perspective which eventually yields a partialview of this representation and its underlying critical premises. It is
"Warada" Between linguistic Rooting and the Qur'anic Context
Authors: Khalaf Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: November 2023

"Warada" recurs in the Arabic dictionary to denote two things: The first is to provide something, including access, access, attainment, supervision and vision.The second, one the colors, which is the most well-known rose plant, the Persians roses and black roses, either their color or to describe their work of progress and speed.The Qur'an used this word in nine verses, in a variety of contexts, i.e. to get to water, and to go to hell-fire, in the context of proximity, science and in the afterlife.The importance of this article in Quranic contexts with similar meanings: entry, attendance, puberty, demand, thirst and color.
Good Start, Disposal and Finishing in the Poetry of Ibn Qalaqis (died 567 A. H.)
Authors: Al  Bayati Qais Khalaf Ibrahim , Hazaa Ahmed Salam
Published: November 2023

The poetry of the Arabs in which they recorded their history, their exploits and their feats; they celebrated the details of their scientific, intellectual, social, political and even religious life.This research attempts to answer a number of questions. Can Ibn Qalaqas be considered an imam and role model for the poets of the Fatimid state? As well as other questions.The research followed the analytical descriptive method, and presented the primitive method, followed by an explanation and analysis during the general atmosphere of the poem, based on what the masters of art and imams said.
Inversion in the Holy Quran and its Deviation from the Normal
Authors: Mahmood Khalid shukir
Published: November 2023

Despite the controversy between supporters of the opinion that inversion in the Holy Quran did happen and the opponents of this opinion, one can say that inversion is a reality in this book of truth. This is because the styles used in the Quran are the same ones that have been used by Arabs. It is interesting that Allah challenged the Arabs to use these styles and made them unable to put out something similar in terms of system, method and composition. The Arabs also tended to adopt these styles in their poetry and prose. Their goal of using them were different literary purposes like exaggeration, intimidation and interest etc. the inversion also has been used in the Quran for many various purposes that can be understood from the speech context. The inversion also shows the miraculous nature of the Quran.
War is Herstory Home Front Women in the Poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh
Authors: Ghena Hanaa Khlaif
Published: November 2023

Woman characters abound in the poetry of the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh who is influenced, in his presentation of her, by three mainfactors, namely, war, political system, and patriarchal norms. Al-Sayegh’s women are essentially of four types: the mother, thelover/sweetheart, the war victim, and the working class woman.Drawing on Bamberg’s concept of ‘small stories,’ this paper is anattempt at exploring those women’s small and underrepresented storieswhich tell a lot about social, political, and economic conditions in Iraq.The paper argues that although small and unexciting, these stories doshed light on the social status and ordeals of women in Iraq. Women’s‘small stories’ are then analyzed in a number of poems that best reflectthe characteristics of each type of woman. It concludes that thesewomen’s stories which take place at home fronts are no less significantthan the stories narrated by men. Women’s stories ultimately revealpart of the unofficial and often unspoken of history of war in Iraq.
A Sociolinguistic Study of Selected Iraqi-Arabic Dialects with Reference to TV Series
Authors: Al-Bazzaz Marwa Alaa' , Ali Shurooq Abboodi
Published: November 2023

The dramatic series on television have a great impact on people’sattitudes towards dialects of language varieties, by relating theconceptual pictures or prototypes presented by series’ characters tothose dialects. This study aims to show the influence of TV series onIraqi university learners’ gender and age in relating positive ornegative semantic qualities to their dialects. To this end, 150 Iraqi EFLlearners have participated in this study to examine their attitudestowards Baghdadi, Mousli and Nasiriya dialects. The data arecollected by Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner, Fillenbaum's (1960)matched guise technique and then labeled by Willmorth’s (1988)subjective reaction test. A structured interview is conducted to supportthe data analysis. The findings reveal that TV series have an impliciteffect on relating a certain image to a certain dialect. Overall, bothparticipants’ genders and ages show that positive semantic qualitiesare mainly related to Baghdadi dialect and Mousli dialect respectively
Cultural Problems of Translating Mosuli Folk Songs into English
Authors: Hasan Najat Abdulrahman
Published: November 2023

This paper aims at examining problems and difficulties encounteredby translators when attempting to translate Mosul's folk songs intoEnglish. Folk songs originate among people of a certain country orregion. These songs are passed orally from one generation to the other.Such lyrics are marked by having very specific linguistic andphonological structures. The rationale behind this study is that thetranslation of folk songs in general and Mosul's ones in particular hasnot yet been given the proper attention and that there is a clear paucityin the translation literature of such field. The problem that this studywill focus on, is that both novice translators and translation studentsalike might find it difficult to translate the cultural meaning of folksongs. The key aims of this study are to define the difficulties andproblems associated with the translation of folk songs, in addition toanalyzing the translation errors made by the students while conductingthe translation task. The study hypothesizes that there is no one- toonetranslation equivalence between the SL and TL texts. It alsohypothesizes that translating folk songs requires special knowledgeand expertise that only competent translators might have. Conversely,novice and incompetent translators will find it difficult to handle suchtask properly. The model of Wilson (2009) will be adopted for thisstudy, since it provides an appropriate framework for the translation offolk songs from Arabic into English.As for the procedures followed, there will be a selection of certainproblematic folk songs excerpts for analysis. These excerpts will be
TheVerb in Semitic Languages / Brueckelman's Philology of the Semitic Languages as Example
Authors: Saleem Maymona Awni
Published: November 2023

Arabic is the language of the Holy Quran, a branch of a group of languages known to Orientalists as Semitic languages, and Orientalists have spent considerable efforts to study these languages, and wrote many books and researches about. The Semites are the languages that the orientalist Schulzer called the Hebrew, Abyssinian and Syriac languages. Naturally, every language that has moved away from its native country has been subject to changes, including Arabic and other Semitic languages. There are similarities and differences between Arabic and other Semitic languages. The researcher chooses the German Orientalist Karl Brucklmann, who spent considerable efforts in studying and balancing the Semitic and Arabic languages. His book Verbs,
A General View on Arabic and Persian Proverbs and the Major Approaches on their Translation
Authors: Al Zuheiri Nahi Abid Ibrahim , Al Tai Mahdi Ahmed Hussein
Published: November 2023

Proverbs are among the most prominent pillars of culture,and the best way to know the ideas, cultures, morals and relationshipsof nations. Proverbs were a source of attention for researchers as oneof the branches of literature. Proverbs are similar in many languages,particularly those from a single linguistic family.But even though the Persian language and the Arabic languagedo not descend from the same family, the similarity between them inthis field is large and striking to the extent that it is difficult to say withcertainty that the origin of these similar proverbs belongs to either ofthem. This can be attributed to a number of reasons, the mostprominent of which is the juxtaposition, trade and cultural divisionscommon to the two nations.The study included three sections. The first section included anindication of the history of proverbs, their codification, and their types.As for the second section, the researcher referred to the mostprominent sources of proverbs and their benefits, and the last sectionincluded the most prominent methods used in translating proverbs
The Concomitance of Asceticism and Valor in T. S. Eliot's Poetic Tragedy Murder in the Cathedral
Authors: Salim Taha Khalaf
Published: November 2023

Despite the truth that some modern dramatists have serious endeavorsto originate a fondness for poetic plays after a long time of absence, itis T. S. Eliot who is able to propound its theory and to found thetradition of this drama. His Murder in the Cathedral is the first poetictragedy in the modern age that is structured in full-length. The recentresearch is an attempt to examine in depth the main character of thisplay, Thomas Beckett, and the aim is to investigate the inseparabilitybetween his asceticism and bravery that enables him to confront hisself-will and then the tyrant king, Henry II. For being necessary toinstitute the proper background of the study, the reader is providedwith the essential information concerning the development of dramain verse as well as Eliot's great efforts to revive it. In summing up theresearcher concludes that expressing courage by the Archbishopcomes to be the natural consequence of defying mundane affairs.Followed by a bibliography that encompasses the references, theendnotes come at the end of this treatise.
The Positivity of Utilizing the Classroom Interaction Strategy in English Language Learning
Authors: Badie Muthana Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Interaction is becoming more important in English learning. Itis in relation with the need of the ability of the students tocommunicate in English. Success or failure in classroomlanguage learning typically has something, if not absolutelyeverything, to do with the nature of interaction that takes placeduring lessons. Language learning is the result of opportunitiesfor meaningful interaction with others in the target language.Learning to interact in English means learning to communicatein English. Interaction is an important aspect in languagelearning because it is what people do in daily lives. Thisresearch aimed to describe and interpret the meanings ofclassroom interaction. The instructor interacted with individualstudents by accepting feeling, praising or encouraging,accepting or using ideas of the student, asking questions,lecturing, giving directions, reminding noisy students, andhelping the student's work. In relation to the English lesson, thestudents interacted with their friends by talking about theactivity asked by the teacher, discussing the teacher's questions,and asking about difficult words or expressions.
Opening the Box of Suffering, Unleashing the Evils of the World’: Pandora and her Representation in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry
Authors: Ismael Zaid Ibrahim , Ali Sabah Atallah Khalifa
Published: November 2023

Nineteenth-Century American writers endeavored to establish adistinct literary tradition away from the dominant European canon,particularly after the War of Independence. They found in their newenvironment and local color a source of inspiration. Still, they alsodrew on Greek myths to comment on social issues and to frame theirworks within these legendary realities that are noted for theiruniversality and aesthetic nature. For instance, rewriting and allusionsto the myth of Pandora and her box can be found in the poemscomposed by both male and female American poets of the time. Thisresearch deals with the use of this myth in selected poems byNineteenth-Century American poets, namely Emily Dickinson’s“Hope Is the Thing with Feathers”, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s“The Masque of Pandora”, Samuel Phelps Leland’s “Pandora’s Box”,and Harriet Jane Hanson Robinson’s The New Pandora. It aims atinvestigating the difference in the use of this sexist myth in the writingsof these male and female poets.
Mysticism and Sufism in T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets
Authors: Muhammed Ashti Anwar , Muhammad Asma Jasim
Published: November 2023

This paper attempts to trace mysticism in T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartetswith a special focus on the mystical elements in the poems with theirrelevant dimensions. It also aims at looking at different literaturesaround Eliot’s works which consider Eliot as an atheist poet whoseearlier writings contain secularist ideas but that only his Four Quartetsand ‘Ash Wednesday’ contain some differences to faith, with the aimof proving that Eliot was not an atheist writer.This paper also looks at the mystical aspects of Eliot’s FourQuartets which shift into a deeper aspect of life that is Sufism. Nostudies have been done on this significant aspect of his Four QuartetsThe study also aims at presenting the answer that Eliot proposes to theproblem of the people in the twentieth century through analyzing thehidden meanings of his poems
Political Discourse Analysis Topoi in Haider Al-Abadi's Discourse during Basra Crisis in 2018
Authors: Hasan (PhD) Kanaan Khudheyer
Published: November 2023

Political discourses always carry various messages to the public.This can be done through many tools used by decision makers in orderto manipulate or persuade the public. Topos (plural is topoi) is tool ofdeveloping argumentation in political discourse. It is a part of anypolitical speech used either to persuade people, show the politician'supper hand or produce successful speeches. This paper will discuss theconceptualization of topoi as part of political discourse. It also studiesthe usage of topoi in Al-Abadi's weekly statement during Basra crisisof 2018. Protests in Basra were the most serious seen in Iraq duringAl-Abadi's era because of the importance of the city as a heart of someworld's largest oilfields. The paper also shows how Al-Abadi utilizestopoi in his speeches to deal with this robust crisis. Methodology ofanalysis will be Ruth Wodak's Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA)2011. DHA is designed to integrate systematically all the availablebackground information in the analysis and interpretation of the manylayers of written or spoken texts.
“I Myself is a Hell”: Self-Criticism in the Poetry of Robert Lowell
Authors: Hanaa Khlaif  , Ghallab Hussein Kadhum
Published: November 2023

Self-Criticism as a „process of looking and judging [one‟s] faults and weaknesses‟ is a highly recommended and laudable practice that aims at self-improvement and self-betterment. In his poetry, Robert Lowell, is engaged in a life-long process of criticizing and digging de ep into his actions and behaviors. This paper is an exploration of self-criticism as a value and practice in selected poems by Lowell. It argues that although Lowell‟s engagement in this practice does not result in overcoming his personal sense of frustration and betterment, it does contribute to maturing his poetic output.
Association of the Self in Spatiotemporal Expressions in Al-Sharif Al-Murtadha's Love Poems
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Nasser Abdul-Hay Mohammad , Khattab Shakir Mahmud
Published: November 2023

The self-revelations in Al-Sharif Al-Murtadha's poetry were a mixture of the temporal and the spatial which was called "spatiotemporal". The term "spatial' is associated with the interpretation of human philosophical thought and its development, the environment to which man belongs relying on the attitudes revealed through individual experience and the feelings and senses. The creative (spatiotemporal) text is based on technical and mental features that arise from the text itself.To achieve the goal of the study, each concept is examined separately in order to clarify the image and the movement of the self to the recipients. The paper is divided into two sections: The first is devoted to the associations of the self in the temporal expressions and the second to the associations of the spatial expressions. The study concludes that the self and its different images is the axis that numerous poems of the poet are focused upon and that they reveal an aesthetic sense based on creative principles.
The aesthetic formation of the sound image in Abbasid poetry - Kashjim and Al-Urjani - is a model
Authors: Zuaiter Hamada Turki
Published: November 2023

The phonetic phenomenon enriches poetry with generosity and energies that are not limited to uttering expressions and their connotations on lexical meanings , but also include the meanings of this terminology that expresses the hopes and pains of the poet , and meets the need for text in the expression , this comes with rhythms that mimic the sounds of nature , in an audio form where the senses share all of them to touch the phenomena of beauty in them , and the focus of the research was on forming the mental image before drawing its features with words in a tangible and imaginative expression . The study also focused on the vocal picture through sounds , movements , and verbs , as well as the suggestion through sensory perceptions . The study of the phonemic phenomenon is not limited to the vocabulary in which the poet formulates his expression in an expert or constructive manner , but the effect of the sounds of words occurs by keeping them from influencing the soul , through the harmony of the letters in the phrases and their damaged to express the reality of the situation . Therefore the study gave this matter an area of interest because the sound is evidence of what the mind of poet implies.
What Accepts Two Types of Parsing in Wazir Abi Bakr 'Asim bin Ayoub Al-Batlimousi's Commentary on Imru' Al-Qais's Poetry
Authors: Sanad Fathi Najim Hasan
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with words that accepts two types of parsing onlyin Wazir Abi 'Asim bin Ayoub Al-Batlimousi's commentary on Imru'Al-Qais's poetry because there are many words in this commentary thataccept more than two types of parsing but they are not the concern ofthis paper.The paper is divided into three sections: The first deals with wordsthat can be indicative or accusative; the second with words that can beindicative or genitive and the third with words that can be accusativein two ways. The last part of the paper is the conclusion which sumsup the results of the study.
The Rhetoric of Whiteness and the Parallel Text in Nidhal Al-Qasim's Poetry: An Analytic Approach to Writing on Water and Mud
Authors: Al-Wayis Maulud Mar'I Hasan
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with a number of techniques and parallel texts onwhich the modern poem relies, such as whiteness, title, opening andconclusion. The paper examines the poems of one of the youngcontemporary poets, Nidhal Al-Qasim. The researcher applied thereader-response approach in his analysis of the poems depending onthe role of the recipient in deciphering the code of the texts becausethese texts are based on implication and suggestiveness.
A Semantic Analysis of Infinitive and Gerund
Authors: Saleem Hashim Saadoon , Al-Dulaimi Prof Ali Sulaiman I.
Published: November 2023

Infinitive and gerund have a semantic duty as nouns. In other words, they have the function of nouns though their forms are basically taken from verbs. Infinitive and gerund forms can be used following adjectives and other verbs. Gerunds, however, can exist after prepositions and other expressions. A gerund is derived from verbs by adding (-ing) at the end. It is worth mentioning that there are words that end with the (-ing) inflection, but they are not gerunds. The infinitive form (simple form of the verb) is either preceded by (to) or it is bare (to-less-infinitive) which is known in the grammar as zero infinitive.
Abu Zubaid al-Taie's Eulogy A Phonetic and Semantic Study
Authors: Hassan Najeab Wahab
Published: November 2023

This paper is a study of the music of poetry of Abu Zaydb al-Taei's (Al-Mundhir Bin Harmla) Eulogy.The reasons behind this choice are its poetic structure which strongly reflects the significance of musically and thus highlighting the seminal dimension clearly. The other reason is that eight poems of the poet's can called "Al-Asadiyat" for making their them the description of Asad (lion). These poems are distinguished by their metaphorical description of the courage of the lion: Imam Ali; they evoke lion's courage and valour. The research builds its musical reading of the poem on two levels that frame the rhythmic and acoustic structure. They are the synthetic musical image, and they deal with the music that includes the metre and rhythm and rhyme scheme, and the second: expressive music, which included phonemic symbolism, phoneme syllables , their connotations, the tone and its connotations .The search end with the conclusion and a list of the references .
Description in La-Jahidh's Writings: At-Taju fi Akhlaqi il-Muluk as an Example
Authors: Salih Ibrahim Hasan
Published: November 2023

Al-Jahidh's literarary and linguistic writings were outstanding and this is evident in his book: At-Taju fi Akhlaqi il-Muluk (The Crown: On Kings' Morality) where he discloses his methodology by dividing it into parts according to an intellectual methodological vision. In this book he talks, according to a clear method, about the ruling class in the Abbasid period and his description was an absolute evidence that he knew what was going on and everything about their nomenclature, their conditions, works and other traaits. This description could never have been in this accuracy without AL-Jahidh's cultural and philosophical potentiality to scrutinize those events which took place among rulers and ministers.
The Seniors Attitudes towards the Social Justice and Creative Development across the Curricula of the Humanity Sciences at Salahaddin University- Erbil
Authors: Hasan Heyder Sabir
Published: November 2023

The study is about ‘’The Seniors’ Attitudes towards the Social Justice and Creative Development across the Curricula of the Humanity Sciences’’ at Salahaddin University-Erbil (SU-E) in Kurdistan Region (KR), Iraqi Federal (IF). Curricula is an umbrella term that involves the contents of the total subjects, methodology of teaching and learning, evaluation, and administration; in other words, it is the process of the teachers’ teaching, students’ gaining knowledge, emotions, motivations and actions through the logbooks, courses, instructions and interactions that directly affect students’ extent of creative development. The humanity science students are supposed to be developed via the implemented curricula and match the national and international marketing and businesses. The problem is that the humanity sciences students are large in number and they have less chance to work and employment in the public and private sectors
Ladun in the Arabic Language
Authors: Ali Habib Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Ladun is considered one of the difficult adverbs to be used by many researchers because it can be used as an adverb of time and place according to the Linguistic context in which it comes. It (Ladun) is used in the present study in two sections; the first section is devoted to its use in Arabic Language. Ladun was found to be linked to time and place indications, and what comes after is parsed verbally in a single word. While if it is a verbal or nominal sentence, it will be parsed according to location. It is also used with (ghadwa) in a special use as mentioned at as (Sibawaih) as well as its use with (shola). The second section deals with its linguistic structure and pronunciation according to the ten languages proven by the grammarian. The research concluded that there is a difference between Ladun on the one hand and (lada ) and ( inda ) on the other hand which have the same usage as the word Ladun . The difference is that the first one does not come but only as an addition, while the two others ones come as an addition and they can stand by themselves well provided that the accents in which the letter )ن( Noon comes fixed are more than the accents in which it is deleted, and the reason behind its different readings is due to the numerous accents.
THE FALLEN WOMAN IN DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI'S POEMS
Authors: Al-Kumait Rudaina Abdlrazak , Al-Douri Hamdi Hameed
Published: November 2023

The fallen woman was a widespread phenomenon in the Victorian Age as a result of the social changes imposed by the Industrial Revolution. Due to social persecution, the vast immigration from the countryside to cities and the exploitation of women and children as cheap working hands in mines and factories, great numbers of young women were driven to prostitution. This paper is an attempt to explore Dante Gabriel Rossetti's treatment of the theme of fallen women in four of his poems: "The Bride's Prelude", "A Last Confession", "Found" and "Jenny". The first section of the paper is a biographical note on the poet. The second section is a brief background of the poem and the last one is devoted to an analysis of the poems followed by a conclusion which sums up the results of the study.
Concepto De Conflicto Y Memoria De Identidad En La Obra "La Lucha Por La Vida" Del Escritor Español Pío Baroja
Authors: Helal Saleem Qasem Mohammed
Published: November 2023

In this article, we have reviewed the opinions of the Spanish writer "Pio Baroja",in his work the struggle for life , which was reflected through his personal attitudes while living in Madrid , in which he addressed the contradictory nature of society, where disparate ideas as well as class differences in society . The research was divided into three parts of the forms of conflicts: intellectual and class, as well as ethnic. Undoubtedly, the analysis of the writer's positions and aspirations was characterized by some challenge, due to the ambiguity of his positions and contradictory ideas that did not imitate the concept of reform that was characteristic of the members of the generation of '98.
The Elision of the Excessive Letter in Al-Muhkam wal-Muheet ul-A'adham (The Gerund and the Participle) as Examples
Authors: صالح يوسف عبد الكريم
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the elision of the excessive letter in two derivations in Arabic morphology, namely: the gerund and the participle. In his great lexicon: Al-Muhkam wal-Muheet ulA'adham the outstanding linguist Ibnu Seeda al-Andalusi. Ibnu Seeda used two terms related to the excessive letters; they are: "elision" and "subtractions" and he suggested elision of the excessive letter in the gerund and the participle. In the examples he presented, Ibnu Seeda suggested the omission of the excessive letters.
The Semantic Effect of Different Readers on the Present Tense Morphology and Emphasizing the Second Letter of the Verb (A Morphological Semantic Descriptive Study)
Authors: عبدالخالق الحسن سيد أحمد عبدالحكيم
Published: November 2023

The research aims to familiarize students of the importance of the study of the Glorious Qur'an. The study reveals many aspects, especially in terms of language , it also aims to release the large role played by morpheme (morphological variation) and variation in the recitation used to the difference in meaning, above all, the paper seeks to answer a specific question: do readers a difference in the use of the present tense morpheme eye and weakening led to a semantic difference, or that it is not at eke versatile? The research in which the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to the introduction and pave the two section , each section has two demands to study, the first section was theoretical frame work in which the researcher pal morpheme and types, and give indication when the father and modern, the other such practical side in the search, the department in turn to two demand, first: the difference readers morpheme in the present tenses, the other : the difference in eye weakening morpheme. The research has come to several confusions, including: the morpheme that most contentious among readers morpheme present tense, the morpheme weakening eye voqlha, the difference between the readers in these two types of the morpheme resulted in the verses to the semantic differences and in some of them did not lead
Vowelizing of the Infinitive Because of the Vowelizing of the Verb among the Ancients and some Modernists
Authors: خلف مساهر علي
Published: November 2023

Despite linguists' difference concerning the base of derivation, whether it is the verb or the infinitive, they agree (except a few of them) on the Vowelizing of the Infinitive Because of Vowelizing the Verb and the contrary is true in the case of consonants. They permitted this application as the infinitive contains the letters of the verb – explicitly or implicitly. All goes on the same vocal base. Moreover, it is admitted to reverse the letters, especially with the case of reversing vowels. This topic was not tackled in details by linguists and therefore, this research is an attempt to gather these pieces of information about this subject adopting the place of the vowels in the words as a method and recommending further studies of this topic
Mask and Symbol in Yahya As-Samawi's poetry
Authors: علي ياسمين احمد
Published: November 2023

The mask in Yahya As-Samawi's poetry is used as an objective correlative of the self, endowing it with his own voice and his actuality. He interacts with it in complete union where the poet's experience melts and intermingles with the mask's personae. The poet endeavours through the mask to break the powerful overflow of his feelings and direct sensations. As for the symbol, it is one tributary of the image that endows it with immortality. The paper is divided into two sections: The first section deals with the mask and its significance in the literary text, its types and example of it. The second is devoted to the literary symbol, its use and its effect on adding suggestiveness, beauty and suspension to the text. The paper ends with the conclusion which gives a summary of the results of the study.
Patterns of Artistic Image in the Poetry of Salah Abdus-Sabour
Authors: هزاع احلام عامل
Published: November 2023

The artistic image in its multiple varied patterns is considered one of the most prominent elements of the poem in all ages. The poem cannot be composed without an artistic image that expresses its poetic essence because it will lose a pillar of its aesthetic composition. Every academic critical study that tackles a specific poet or a specific poem looks at the artistic image as an aesthetic dimension that is indispensable. The artistic image is usually of multiple shapes, formulas and signs regarding its relationship to poetic structure, language, and rhythm . Salah Abdus-Sabour is one of the pioneering Arab poets, as he is the most prominent poet of modernity in Egypt since the early fifties with Ahmed Abdul-Mu’ti Hujazi, Mohammad Afifi Matar, and others. However, Abdus-Sabour is distinguished by his transparent poetic pictorial language that depends on a new language in Expression and composition. That is why the researchers find it appropriate that the poems of Abdus-Sabour are a fertile topic for this research in the field of artistic image patterns in modern Arab poetry.
The Nouns that are Adhered to Adjunction in Arabic Language and their Connotations
Authors: محمد عبد الجبوري مثنى جاسم
Published: November 2023

There are nouns that cannot be added to other words. These are: pronouns, demonstrative nouns, relative nouns and interrogative nouns except for ayu (any) which can be added. Some of them can be added and can stand alone as well like ghulam (boy), kitab (book), hisan (horse) and so on. Others should be added to other words and this is the topic of this paper.. This paper reached at the conclusion that nouns which should be added to other words are of two types: nouns that are added to the singular and nouns that are added to the sentence. On the other hand, nouns that are added to the singular are of two types: nouns that cannot be separated from adjunction and nouns that cannot be separated verbally, not semantically which means that the genitive is explicitly intended in the mind
Educational and Social Contents in the Prose of Aktham Bin Saifi
Authors: حسن عادل محمد
Published: November 2023

After presenting the educational and social values in the prose of Aktham bin Saifi and the commandments, judgments and proverbs we stood upon, they carried a psychological character that corresponds to the exploits of virtues and the praiseworthy virtues on which the righteous family and the right society are based, and it was the most and the one that prevails over the morals of the Arab before Islam in concealment of the secret and the work of good and morals Honesty, forgiveness and forgiveness are positive values that the Glorious Qur’an and the noble Prophet’s hadith urged. Aktham revealed some negative traits that destroy society, such as envy, gossip, and frequent speech. Islam forbids these qualities. From a bad impact on the building of society, it rises to the duality of good and evil and between the praised and the blameworthy as things become clear and the inputs of their balance are revealed with their opposites. A healthy society is one that adopts the values of good and distanced from evil
Correlation, Collocation and Signification in Kurdish Language
Authors: Ali Sabah Musa
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with tagged (The synergistic, complementary and coding in the indication of the Kurdish language); two parts or two important chapters and two basic language connotation and trading science Pragmatism in language. One of them correlation deals with the meaning of a word or term for a word or other term and it means the partnership with one word to another, which is inherent to it, according to the place and nature of social relations and the inherited customs and traditions, how to form an accompaniment between those two words and similarities. The difference and cross-comparison with the topics of inclusion and all with each other are within semantics. As for the second chapter, we refer to the subject of symbol and coding in language and its economic feasibility and intellectual on the language of the individual and what are the opinions and trends about the symbol in the connotation of the Kurdish language. It is almost the language of the times in living languages, especially developed languages and advanced on others. The subject of the symbol is one of the important topics that occupies a large area in linguistics and what is there is no doubt that since the ancient man used the symbol in various fields. We conclude the search with a table of common symbols between the languages of the world and the results of the most important things that we have come to this search with a list of sources that were used in writing this research.
Rhetoric in Sabri's Poetry
Authors: Omar Hassan Ali
Published: November 2023

Sabri was one of the greatest Kurdish classical poets in Kirkuk .And he magnified in figurative language, his impression demonstrates through his literary work. In this research which labeled (The Ornamentation of Sabri's poetry. I have chosen the famous poet in Kurdish literature who was the splendid poet and established the classical school in Kurdish poetry after the pioneers of classical poetry (Nali , Salim and Kurdi). The aim of the research is to personification of aspects of the marvelous figurative language through his poems. The research is divided into three parts -: -The first part is subdivided into two studies: First study : we define ornamention and all its types while in the second study we deal with the Ornamentation and discuss the art of figure of speech according to poetry image by Sabri's poetry. The second part ,we study the science of figurative of speech by meaning according to the Sabir's peoms. The last part ,we deal with the excellent complex from the superb figurative language Afterwards ,in addition we had mentioned the aim and summary in Arabic and English language also enrolled my listing margin and resources
Adapting Technology to Meet 21st-Century Language Learning Difficulties
Authors: Ajaj Israa Eibead
Published: November 2023

The use of technology tools in education is one of the modern educational methods that have proven themselves in a short period and have become an important reference for the parties to the educational process. This study aims to study the importance of adapting technology to meet 21st -century language learning difficulties. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, English has gradually replaced regional dialects in schools. The English language today occupied a prominent place among the languages of the whole world, and it has become the language of science and technology and the language most learned and used as a second or foreign language (FL). In the other hand, many previous studies showed that students face difficulties when learning the English language. Although these English learning difficulties in the classrooms, several researchers indicated that utilizing technologies in language learning processes is a useful instrument that could improve students’ performance. The results indicated that technologies are considered as a vital part in the recent learning process, and it could enhance learners motivations and develop their spelling, vocabulary and sentence structure skills. This study results also showed that the main difficulties that could face English teachers especially when adapting technologies in the teaching process are, technical difficulties, poor management abilities of teachers and Bad technological learning infrastructure. The study recommended preparing a technology assisted environment to cover 21st English learning abilities.
A Cross- Linguistic Study on the Production of English Lexical Stress: Reliance on Language Proficiency Cue
Authors: Ali Al –Thalab Hasan Shaban
Published: November 2023

Stress is an important phonological feature that exists in many languages of the world (e.g., English, Spanish, Turkish and Classical Arabic, etc.). It increases the articulateness and intelligibility in speech and communication mainly English as a phonemic language (Kiriakos & O'Shaughnessy, 1989). This study examines the L2 learners‟ performance of typologically two unlike languages in the production of English lexical stress. Iraqi Arabic and Chinese Malaysian L2 learners are included in the production experiment to allocate lexical stress in real and nonce words. The results of the experiment presented that Chinese Malaysian group realized significantly better than the Iraqi Arabic group in producing lexical stress and Iraqi Arabic subjects had an additional difficulty in the production of mismatch syllabic patterns. After computing and controlling the language proficiency variable for both language groups, their subjects‟ mean percentage scores were equitably alike and statistically no significant difference in performance. Nevertheless, the Iraqi Arabic learners were better at allocating stress in match syllabic patterns than Chinese Malaysian L2 learners, but the difference was also not significant suggesting that the chief difficulty in which L2 learners come across in obtaining English lexical stress was concerning to L1 influence specifically stress patterns and tones. The study exhibited that lexical stress difference is inflexible for L2 learners irrespective of their native languages.
Nominal Compounds in English and Kurdish: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abbas Abbas Mustafa
Published: November 2023

This paper is a comparative study of English and Kurdish nominal compounds. It compares compound nouns of the two languages. Compounding is a useful procedure of word construction which is commonly used to be added to the lexical collection of all languages. It attempts to come up with complete typology which can account for both Kurdish and English compounds. Then, there are some concerns applicable to the orthography, stress form, meaning and in compounds will be discussed. There seems to be connection between the orthography and stress form of English compounds. Subsequently, some implications and directions in terms of the interactive properties of Kurdish and English compounds will be discussed.
A Study of Physical and Figurative Death in Hamlet
Authors: Maky Sagheer Abu Obaydah , Auktum Auz
Published: November 2023

Hamlet is the most famous work in English literature. In which, Shakespeare‘s brilliance takes the reader to another level of analyzing literary texts. The themes Shakespeare deals with in Hamlet are not new, but it is the first literary work that tries to explore the nature of death. Through Hamlet‘s character, Shakespeare mentions different views of death. Hamlet is a tragic play that is full of bloodsheds, not only because it tries to define the nature of death, but also there is already the death of social values in Hamlet‘s society. This study aims at analyzing the concept of death for Hamlet taking into consideration the different views and doubts about death. It also analyzes the metaphorical death of social and moral values in Elsinore society. These physical and figurative deaths lead to make Hamlet one of the most tragic works in human history. What the reader concludes at the end of this study is that death is something abstracting, and it is inevitable for everyone. However, only one character survives the bloodbath at the end of the play because of his moral attitude.
Translating Ideational Meaning in Political Texts: A Systemic Functional Perspective
Authors: Omer Yousif Ali , Ali Wrya Izzaddin
Published: November 2023

Political texts are unlike other texts as they ''are a part and/or the results of political events", and they are historically and culturally produced in which politics is the main subject matter (Schäffner, 2001:133). Transferring meaning of such text types in the translation process is difficult for translators due to specific terminologies, expressions and linguistic structure. Regarding meaning, Systemic Functional Linguistics (henceforth SFL) identifies three kinds of meaning of language, namely, Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual. The major focus of this research is the Ideational meaning. From this perspective, this paper applies SFL to analyze and discuss the patters of equivalence and shift that are employed to transfer the Ideational meaning of journalistic texts, political texts in particular, in translating from English into Kurdish. With a corpus of 8 pairs of English source texts and their Kurdish translations, the analysis shows that a number of patterns are used to reproduce the source clausal Ideational meaning in the target texts. Finally, the study ends with the main findings and conclusions
The Synonymous Grammatical Terms in Ibnul-Khabbaz's Tawjeeh ul-Luma'
Authors: الحطاب الشيخ سعد بوه عبد الوهاب الشيخ
Published: November 2023

Terminology is considered the basis for the actual start of science and its spread among specialists. In order to know the purposes of its words, and to understand the goals of its rulings and its characteristics, the concepts are the translation of science and its illuminating problems of its contents. Hence, the research meant touching the tandam term. The extent of its contribution to the composition of grammar, by making it palatable. Close the intake so that it is loose for all seekers. This will not happen until the term is based on a strong building block regulated by universal laws that prohibit its leniency in its use, and the creation of what would break the bonds of knowledge. In order for the study to achieve its desired purpose, it was embraced in a unique grammatical work, which is to direct the glory to the scholar Ibn El-Khabbaz, trying to show his thinking about the scientific term of tandam, and the effect of that in facilitating the material of grammar, and his contribution to the inclusion of its provisions and chapters. To achieve this, the research is organized in three axes, and a conclusion included the extraction of the research findings.
Tasi’ in Ibn Zaidoun’s Verse
Authors: خطاب بكر اسراء وجيه
Published: November 2023

Tasri’ in poetry is like assonance in prose. One of its main characteristics is that the reader knows beforehand the rhyme as soon as he reads the first part (sadr) of the line. Tasri’ reveals the aesthetic harmony in a line of verse because the rhyme of the sadr is the same of that of the ‘ajz (the second part) of the line. When we read the line it produces musical tone that gives the poem, or the line, strong beauty that strengthens the tone when the rhyme is repeated. This fascinates the audience by its beauty which remains in their memory
Social Relations in Abdul Rahman Al-Rubaie’s Novel Ar-Rafidain’s Wailing
Authors: علي أميمة عبد الجبار , محمد نافع حماد
Published: November 2023

Social relations in the Arabic novel form a wide space that develop with the development of human thought and its philosophy in knowing the environment in which it lives depending on its positions and others, it tests them with its private and public experiences. At the beginning, it was adopted as a physical and visibly tangible character, then it was construed as mental abstraction until it was eventually fused with the temporal so that it was involving the physical and moral existence in the human perception of life. The research aims to study the social and cultural relations in the novels of Abdul Rahman Al-Rubaie, the novel of Ar-Rafidain’s Wailing as a model, and the extent to which the novelist was affected by these important relationships in the novelist’s experience. The research follows the method of induction and textual analysis of the narrative texts in the novel “Wailing Rafidain” by Abdul Rahman Majid Al-Rubaie, and to reveal the extent of his ability to assimilate social relations as the main driver of events and personalities. As for the most important findings of the research, the narrative text establishes social structures and relationships that stem from the nature of the text itself, in which the social, objective, intellectual and cultural visions are centered to form the map of the narrative text in drawing the trends sought by the narrator.
Self and Its Types in the Autobiography: "Carrier Ego" as a Model
Authors: رمان بيداء محي , اسعد نرجس خلف
Published: November 2023

The 'self' of the poet comes in many types: the writer ego, the dreamy ego, the desperate ego, and the sympathetic ego. This research deals with the egoistic ego as a model of study and how it is employed in the poetry of our leading poets. The topic is one of the subjects that have not been studied, and if it has been studied, it was in an indirect and inadequate manner, it stems from the dreaming ego of the fusion of the ego with the dream, dream as evidenced by social and psychological studies as having a direct impact on the human psychological state, Feelings and emotions, reflected on his actions and ideas. The dream may tell its future companion through the accents and symbols that appear in the dream. Here, many of the poets used their poems to express the desires within the human soul trying to express or escape through the dream. To show those expressions through poetic phrases uttered by the tongue of the ego.