bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dekokta Scurulla atropurpurea Terhadap Kelengkungan Tulang Belakang Embrio Ikan Zebra
Authors: Athiroh Nour
Published: August 2018

Toxicity study on herb Scurulla atropurpurea has done by using Zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo. The objective of this research is to study the effect of decocta of parasitic tea leaves on theraphy dosage, MATC, and LC50 to the backbones of Zebra fish embryo. This research is done by laboratory experiment method through in vitro by using research design post randomized control group only. The animal used in this research is Zebra fish embryo less than 3 hours post fertilization after fission process is finished and embryo is entering blastula stage. Total number of sample is 80 embryo and divided into 4 groups: control group without treatment, therapy dosage group (200ug/ml), LC50 group (2066ug/ml) and MATC group (237ug/ml) by decocta of parasitic tea leaves. Sample of Zebra fish embryo is putting in well-plate with 1 embryo per well. Treatment was given untill embryo at 72hpf at temperature 270 C. Data taken during study is analysed using one way ANOVA by SPSS version 16. Treatment with therapy dosage 200, MATC 237 and LC50 of decocta of parasitic tea leaves do not cause curvature of backbone in Zebra fish embrio. It is suspected that active compound in decocta of parasitic tea leaves at all above dosage do not able to disturb the structure and function of backbone.
Peran Guru dalam Pengembangan Moral Bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sukmawati Ati
Published: August 2018

Pendidikan sebagai sarana pelestarian moralitas sekaligus pengembangan tatanan kehidupan manusia memiliki peran dan fungsi yang sangat penting serta efektif. Usia taman kanak-kanak dan kelompok bermain adalah saat yang paling baik bagi guru untuk meletakkan dasar-dasar pendidikan nilai, moral, dan agama. Pengembangan moral dan nilai-nilai keagamaan memerlukan pembiasaan di samping pemahaman dan penghayatan. Ada beberapa peran yang dapat dan harus dilaksanakan oleh guru yaitu; sebagai model, pembimbing, pelatih, motivator, dan sebagai penilai. Di samping peran-peran tersebut yang tidak kalah penting diperhatikan adalah materi pembelajaran moral dan nilai-nilai keagamaan pada PAUD harus bersifat; aplikatif, menyenangkan, dan mudah ditiru. Kemudian faktor lain yang harus dipertimbangkan adalah metode yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan moral, ada beberapa metode yang bisa digunakan sesuai dengan tingkat kemampuan anak, yaitu metode Bercerita, Bernyanyi, Karyawisata, dan Syair atau Sajak.
Studi Keamanan Perbandingan Biochar dan Tanah Dengan Indikator Cacing Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus)
Authors: Anggraini Rima , Suhirman Suhirman , Yahdi Yahdi
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada pengaruh perbandingan biochar dan tanah terhadap keamanan tanah berdasarkan indikator cacing, dan ada pengaruh tingkat keamanan perbandingan biochar dan tanah terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan mengunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis mengunakan Statistik Deskriptif, Chi Squer (X2), Rang Spearman (Rs) untuk mengetahui Korelasi diantara tingkat keamanan cacing tanah dengan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan serta biomassa tanaman kacang hijau selain itu untuk pertumbuhan dan biomassa kacang hijau di analisis juga dengan mengunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis pada Anova untuk pertumbuhan diperoleh nilai Fhitung perl. yakni 30,5 > Ftabel 5% = 3,33, sedangkan biomassa untuk berat basah Fhitung perl. = 57,1 > Ftabel 5% = 3,33, dan untuk berat kering Fhitung perl.= 56 > Ftabel 5% = 3,33. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh pada variasi perbandingan persentase biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan biomassa kacang hijau.
The Influence of Patients’ Characteristics with Intravena Catheter in Phlebitis Incidence
Authors: Haritya Akbar Nella Mega Fadhilah , Isfandiari Muhammad Atoillah
Published: August 2018

Background: The phlebitis incidence was found as the fourth highest infection in hospitalized patients. Indonesia has contributed in phlebitis incidence as the fifth highest in the world wide after India, Iran, Malaysia, and Philippines. Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the influence of patients’ characteristic with intravena catheter to phlebitis incidence. Methods: The study design was case control study with 45 respondents in case group (diagnosed with phlebitis) and control (undiagnosed with phlebitis) group in public hospital Haji Surabaya from January to April 2017. The independent variables in this study were age, sex, nutrioninal status, hypertension history, and diabetes mellitus history. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was phlebitis incidence. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: Phlebitis was influenced by patients’ characteristics namely age (p = 0,01; OR = 9,63; 95% CI =3,67 < OR < 25,25), sex (p = 0,01; OR = 4,84; 95% CI =1,85 < OR < 12,66), nutritional status (p = 0,01; OR = 4,01; 95% CI = 1,69 < OR < 9,66), hypertension history (p = 0,01; OR = 6,18; 95% CI = 2,47 < OR < 15,51), and diabetes mellitus history (p = 0.01; OR = 17.88; 95% CI = 6,05 < OR < 52,85). Conclusion: Patients’ characteristics had influence on phlebitis incidence such as age, sex, nutritional status, hypertension history, and diabetes mellitus history.
The Effect of Low Birthweight on the Incidence of Neonatal Jaundice in Sidoarjo
Authors: Puspita Ndaru
Published: August 2018

Background : The incidence of neonatal jaundice on low birth weight babies (BBLR) are mostly lead to mortality. A preliminary survey in the neonatal room of the public hospital (RSUD) Sidoarjo in January to December 2013 showed that there were 391 (12%) babies born with low birth weight from 3,210 natalities with 375 (9%) neonatal jaundice recorded from 3878 babies. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of low birth weight on the incidence of neonatal jaundice in RSUD Sidoarjo. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study with a total of 190 babies included as the study population. However, there were only 129 babies selected as respondents determined from solving formula with randomized sampling method. There were two variables measured in this study, namely low birth weight, and neonatal jaundice incidents. The secondary data were obtained from patients’ medical records and were analyzed through a chi-square test to investigate the correlation between the two variables. Results: Results showed that the percentage of babies born with low birth weight was 21.71% and the neonatal jaundice was 29.46%. The number of babies suffered from neonatal jaundice with low birth weight was 17.80% with p=0.01. Conclusion: By all means, the low birth weight has a contribution in the incidence of neonatal jaundice in RSUD Sidoarjo.
Differences of Born Body Length, History of Infectious Diseases, and Development between Stunting and Non-Stunting Toddlers
Authors: Permatasari Dewi Fitria , Sumarmi Sri
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting reflects the largely result of inadequate nutrition and attacks recurring infections in the first 1.000 days of life, that cause in develepmental obstacles. Purpose: This study was to analyze the differences born body length, history of infectious diseases, development between stunting, and non stunting children age 24-36 months. Methods: The type of this research was observational analytic with case control study. The sample size was 68 toddlers consist of 34 stunting childrens as case group and 34 non stunting children as control group in the catchment area of Jagir Public Helath Center in Surabaya. Sampling technique using simple random sampling. The observed variabls were born body length, history of infectious diseases, and child development. The data were collected using microtoise, questionnaire, and Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) sheets. Data were analyzed using chi square test. Results: This research showed significancy between stunting and non stunting children with difference of born body length (p = 0,01), history of infectious diseases (p = 0,01), and toddlers’ development (p = 0,01). Conclusion: There were difference variables of born body length, history of infectious diseases, and development between stunting and non stunting children age 24-36 months.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa dalam Penyusunan Program Pengajaran Individual Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di Kelas Inklusif
Authors: Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to improve students’ ability in developing Individual Teaching Program (PPI) Module for Children with Special Need. This study used quasi experimental with between-group design. Seventh semester of Psychology students who was taking a Psychology for Children with Special Need course were the subject of the research. Data collection was obtained through observation, interview, Focus Group Discussion, and documentation. The data analysis was descriptive-quantitative. The analysis result was used to interpret the research findings. The findings showed that most of the subjects got more understanding after treatment. The study implies that in the future research, it is necessary to conduct sustainable guided program, intensive time table, and implementation of the program so that the subjects experience the real practice.
Mengakomodasi Efek Metode dalam Pengujian Validitas Konstruk Melalui Analisis Faktor Konfirmatori
Authors: Widhiarso Wahyu
Published: August 2018

Literatures in the field of psychometrics recommend researchers to employvarious of methods on measuring individual attributes. Ideally,each methods are complementary and measuresthe construct designed to be measured. However, some problems arise when among the methods is unique and unrelated to the construct being measured. The uniqueness of method can lead what is called the method effect. In testing construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis, the emergence of this effect tend to reducing the goodness of fit indices of the model. There are many ways to solve these problem, one of themis controling the method effects and accommodate it to the model. This paper introduces how to accommodate method effecton the confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. In the application section, author identify the emergence of method effects due to the differences item writing direction (favorable-unfavorable). The analysis showed that method effectemerge from different writing direction.
IbM Guru BK SMA dan Sederajat di Kecamatan Sidoarjo
Authors: Hardiansyah Eko , Mariyati Lely Ika
Published: August 2018

Peran  guru  bimbingan  dan  konseling  sangat  strategis  dalam  program  sekolah. Kegiatan  bimbingan  dan  konseling  memiliki  banyak  fungsi  penting  terhadap perkembangan peserta didik di sekolah yang akhirnya mengarah pada peningkatan prestasi akademik dan penurunan permasalahan perilaku peserta didik. Tujuan IbM guru BK SMA dan sederajat di Kecamatan  Sidoarjo mengarah pada perbaikan mutu layanan guru BK. Target khusus yang pertama adalah peningkatan kapasitas guru BK dalam melakukan konseling individual kelompok dengan menggunakan  choice theory. Yang kedua adalah penyediaan   buku  perkembangan   peserta  didik  sehingga   guru  BK  memiliki  sumber informasi untuk mengkomunikasikan permasalahan peserta didik dengan orang tua, kepala sekolah,  guru  mata  pelajaran,  dan  pihak  lain  seperti  psikolog  atau  psikiater  untuk penanganan  yang  berkelanjutan.  Yang  ketiga  adalah  Peningkatan  jaringan  kerja  sama antara sekolah dengan Dinkes Sidoarjo terkait layanan alih tangan (referral) pada kasus berat yang sulit ditangani sendiri oleh guru BK. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah 1) guru BK sudah mulai menggunakan konseling individual dan kelompok dalam penanganan siswa dengan basis choice theory; 2) Mereka juga sudah mulai bisa menggunakan prinsip choice theory dalam berinteraksi dengan siswa dan guru lain sehingga siswa tampak berkurang ketegangannya saat berhadapan dengan guru BK; 3) Dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip choice theory, guru-guru BK merasakan bahwa konseling yang dilakukan bisa lebih terarah, terstruktur, dan dampak perubahan yang lebih terlihat pada siswa yang ditangani; 4) Guru BK bisa melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan instrumen yang disediakan dalam buku perkembanan siswa; 5) Dengan adanya SOP Layanan Alih Tangan, guru bisa memiliki bayangan alur dan pihak yang perlu diajak kerja sama jika mendapatkan siswa dengan permasalahan psikologi berat yang sulit ditangani sendiri, walaupun saat ini masih belum mendapatkan kasus tersebut.
Psikoedukasi Tentang Risiko Perkawinan Usia Muda untuk Menurunkan Intensi Pernikahan Dini pada Remaja
Authors: Anwar Zainul , Rahmah Maulida
Published: August 2018

Berbagai alasan bagi seseorang melakukan pernikahan usia dini, salah satunya adalah kondisi seseorang yang memiliki keinginan kuat untuk menikah pada usia muda. Intensi pernikahan dini merupakan kecenderungan suatu perkawinan yang memiliki keinginan menikah diusia remaja atau di bawah umur 20 tahun. Meningkatnya intensi pernikahan dini dapat diatasi, salah satunya dengan memberikan psikoedukasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pemberian psikoedukasi perkawinan usia muda dalam menurunkan intensi pernikahan dini pada remaja. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 55 remaja yang diambil secara purposive. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen quasi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre experimental design dengan jenis pre-test and post-test one group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan skor yang signifikan terhadap perlakuan tanpa psikoedukasi dan dengan diberikan perlakuan psikoedukasi t (-39,305; p = 0.000 <0.05). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa psikoedukasi dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan intensi pernikahan dini.
Intensitas Menonton Tayangan Kekerasan Di Televisi Dan Kecenderungan Agresivitas Pada Remaja (Studi Pada Siswa Kelas IX MTS Negeri 1 Bangil)
Authors: Fikri Iqbal
Published: August 2018

Many violence cases as brawls and fights whose committed by juveniles were caused by many factors. This study aimed to find out the relationship between the intensity of watching violence on television with aggressiveness tendencies in adolescents. This study used a quantitative correlation approach that using the intensity watching violence on television as an independent variable (X) and the tendency of aggressiveness as the dependent variable (Y). The sampling technique used random sampling to 69 students of class IX in MTs Negeri 1 Bangil. Measurement of variables used both of two psychologycal scales that constructed by researchers, namely the intensity of watching violence on television scale and aggressiveness tendency scale. Correlation technique of product moment from Pearson was used to analyze data which of calculation helped by SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result showed that (r) = 0.404; ρ = 0.001 < ρ = 0.01. It means, there is a significant relationship and positive, the higher of the intensity of watching violence on television, the higher of the aggressiveness tendencies in adolescents and vice versa.
Terapi SEFT® (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique) Untuk Mengurangi Kecenderungan Merokok Pada Remaja Awal
Authors: Mariyati Lely Ika , Habibah Nur
Published: August 2018

SEFT® therapy was given to maximize the effectivity of the body energy system which used the EFT technique (tapping) with spiritual power (pray and surrender). The aim was stabling mind and feeling in order to positivy  the self concept and the self control of early adolescent.  This research was quantitative experimental approach with pretest-posttest one group design.  The variable was SEFT® therapy as the independ ent variable and the smoking prefference as the dependent variable.  The sampling technique was cluster random sampling gotten two Yunior High School in Waru region and random assignment gotten twelve students as experimental group research. The instruments data collection was the prefference smoking scale.  The data was, analyzed by Wilcoxon Mathch Pairs Test,with SPSS 16 program, gotten ( p = 0,004; p<0,01), it was meant that there was the differences between the smoking prefference on early adolescents before and after given SEFT® therapy.  The difference of smoking prefference was seen from the average posttest was lower than pretest (49 < 60), the result of follow up average was lower than the posttest (41 < 49).  The result of the research showed that SEFT® therapy able to decerase the smoking prefference of early adolescents.
Kontrak Psikologis Dan Motivasi Kerja Karyawan PT. Bahtera Bersaudara Krian
Authors: Cahyo Agus Dwi
Published: August 2018

Work motivation can affects employee productivities that can be supported by the expectations that are desired the employee through the psychological contract. This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychologicalcontract with employee motivation. This study used a quantitative correlational approach using the psychological contract as an independent variable (X) and work motivation as the dependent variable (Y). Sampling techniques used proportionate stratified random sampling of 80 employees of PT. Primary Wisesa Mandiri. The data analysis used a correlational technique of product moment pearson which is calculated with SPSS 16.0 for Windows, obtained the correlationcoefficient (r) = 0.446; ρ = 0.001 <ρ = 0.01. Correlation value is positive, it means there was a significant relationship, ie, the higher the psychological contract owned by the higher employee motivation.
Respons Galur-Galur Kedelai terhadap Naungan
Authors: Sundari Titik , Artari Rina
Published: August 2018

Intensitas cahaya merupakan salah satu variabel lingkungan yang menjadi faktor utama dalam menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Cahaya merupakan sumber daya yang sering menjadi pembatas pertumbuhan tanaman, ketika kebutuhan air dan nutrisi terpenuhi. Hasil kedelai di bawah naungan dapat dimaksimalkan dengan penggunaan varietas yang sesuai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons galur-galur kedelai (Glycine max L.)terhadap naungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kendalpayak, Malang pada bulan Februari-Juni tahun 2014 dan 2015, menggunakan 21 galur dan satu varietas pembanding (Grobogan) untuk pengujian tahun 2014 dan dua varietas pembanding (Dena 1 dan Dena 2) untuk tahun 2015. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua lingkungan, yaitu tanpa naungan (L0) dan naungan 50% (L1). Rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan digunakan di setiap lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap genotipe memberikan respons berbeda terhadap lingkungan. Terdapat satu genotipe yang konsisten terpilih pada tahun 2014 dan 2015, yaitu K-453 dengan bobot biji 14,09 dan 11,33 g/tanaman. Berdasarkan nilai Indeks Toleransi Cekaman (ITC) terpilih lima genotipe dengan nilai ITC lebih tinggi daripada varietas Dena 1 (0,95), yaitu K-110, K-254, K-460, K-453, dan K-455, dengan nilai ITC berturut-turut 1,06, 1,01, 1,02, 1,10, dan 1,31
Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Jagung Manis dan Varietas Kedelai terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedua Tanaman dalam Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari
Authors: Herlina Ninuk , Aisyah Yarda
Published: August 2018

Tumpangsari tanaman jagung manis dan kedelai memiliki beberapa keuntungan, yaitu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan lahan, mengurangi serangan OPT, menambah kesuburan tanah terutama unsur Nitrogen dan mendapatkan hasil panen dari beragam komoditas. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jarak tanam tanaman jagung manis dan varietas tanaman kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis dan kedelai, serta mengetahui Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL) pada sistem tanam tumpangsari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Muneng, Kecamatan Sumberasih, Kabupaten Probolinggo pada bulan Januari hingga April 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial diulang tiga kali. Faktor ke-1 adalah jarak tanam jagung (80 cm× 20 cm, 100 cm × 20 cm, dan 120 cm × 20 cm), dan faktor ke-2 adalah varietas kedelai (Dena 1, Dena 2 dan Burangrang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpangsari jagung manis dengan kedelai pada jarak tanam jagung yang diuji tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedua tanaman. Hasil jagung manis tertinggi diperoleh pada jarak tanam 80 cm × 20 cm. Hasil biji kedelai varietas Dena 1, Dena 2 ,dan Burangrang pada sistem tanam tumpangsari dengan jagung manis dengan jarak tanam antar baris jagung 80-120 cm tidak berbeda. Efisiensi penggunaan lahan tertinggi diperoleh pada tumpangsari jagung manis dengan jarak tanam 80 cm × 20 cm dan varietas kedelai Dena 2, tetapi yang mempunyai kelayakan ekonomi tertinggi adalah dengan kedelai varietas Burangrang.
GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND YIELD STABILITY OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES
Authors: Krisnawati Ayda , Adie M. Muchlish
Published: August 2018

Soybean breeding program in Indonesia has been actively involved in improving the genetic yield potential to meet the needs of farmers in different parts of the country. The study aimed to determine the presence of soybean production mega-environments and to evaluate the yield performance and stability of 12 soybean genotypes. Soybean yield performances were evaluated in eight production centers in Indonesia during 2013 growing season. The experiment in each location was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Parameters observed included grain yield and yield components. The yield data were analyzed using GGE biplot and the yield components data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the yield performances of soybean genotypes were highly influenced by genotype-environment interaction (GEI) effects. The yield components were significantly affected by GEI except per plant branch number. The partitioning of the G + GE sum of squares showed that PC1 and PC2 were significant components which accounted for 57.41% and 18.55% of G + GE sum of squares, respectively. Based on the GGE visual assessment, agro-ecology for soybean production in Indonesia was divided into at least three mega-environments. Genotypes 8 and 2 were the best yielding genotypes in the most discriminating environment, but adapted to specific environment, thus highly recommended for that specific location. Genotypes 9 and 10 were stable and had relatively high yield performances across environments. Those genotypes would be recommended to be proposed as new soybean varieties.
The Ways of Adjusting Hospitals For Children To The Needs of The Child – The Example of Meyer Children Hospital In Florence, Italy
Authors: JAMROZIK-SZATANEK Magdalena , SZATANEK Łukasz
Published: August 2018

Designing child hospitals is a complex, multi-layered process. Research shows, the patients’ environment has influence on the process of treatment. The feelings of isolation, powerlessness, discomfort and stress can be exacerbated by a inadequate design. Currently, many hospitals are built around the world, in which the design should help process of treatment. One of them is the Meyer Hospital in Florence, Italy, which is an excellent example of an interesting, functional and surprising hospital. The authors of the paper describe the urbanistic and architectural features as well as some elements of interior design, which have been adjusted to the perceptual and physical abilities of children. Some features of good design have also been distinguished, which can be applied also in the low-cost redecoration of the already existing hospitals. Thie aim of the article is to show a variety of possibilities in child hospital design. The article also shows that a hospital can be place which is attractive for patients, visitors, staff and even – owing to an interesting project – tourists.
Building Heritage In The Alto Douro Wine Region, Portugal – Tabique Wall Nails Characterization
Authors: CARDOSO Rui , PINTO Jorge , LANZINHA João Carlos
Published: August 2018

The Alto Douro Wine Region, a region located in the northeast of Portugal, presents an abundant building heritage which consists of tabique constructions, a vernacular construction technology. This technology uses raw materials such as stone, an earth-based material and wood, besides metal nail sensure the timber connections and the required structural safety. Previous research works have shown that most of the existing tabique buildings, in this region, present signs of marked deterioration and some of them are clearly near collapse. This reality is justified, among others, by the non-engineered character of this construction technology and subsequent loss through time of the associated empirical technical knowledge, consequently, conservation and repairing works are urgently needed. These aspects, added to the dearth of knowledge related to this building heritage have motivated this research work which is focused on studying the nails traditionally applied in those tabique buildings. In this article, and for the first time, a nail geometrical and material characterization is presented and discussed. The results highlight a wide nail dimensional variety, being iron the main chemical element identified. Beyond that, this study demonstrates that those nails should no longer be maintained in service and that new nails should be applied in future conservation and strengthening works. Finally, some guidelines regarding tabique rehabilitation and nail rusting prevention are mentioned.
Statistical Verification of The Reverberation Time Models In Small Box Rooms
Authors: NOWOŚWIAT Artur , OLECHOWSKA Marcelina
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the results of measurements and theoretical calculations for little room models. Five room models have been prepared for analysis and they were placed in a chamber adopted as reverberationless. Measurements of reverberation time in these rooms were made in two variants; first in isotropic sound field, the second in the field disturbed by elements made of mineral wool. Then for all models in both variants theoretical calculations were made by means of three models: Neubeauer’s, Sabine’s, Eyring’s. All the results have been analysed by means of STATISTICA software and based on them statistical inference of theoretical models was made against the measurements for little box rooms.
Ammonia Volatilization from Putting Greens Foliarly Fertilized by Conventional or Stabilized Urea
Authors: Schlossberg M. J. , McGraw B. A. , Sebring R. L.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Specific circumstances may limit use of all existing turfgrass best management practices.

Urea fertilizer amended by biological inhibitors was foliarly applied to turfgrass.

Flux chambers were used to measure NH3 volatilization over 24 hours.

Addition of NBPT+DCD to aqueous urea significantly inhibited NH3 volatilization.

Commercial or on‐site NBPT+DCD amendment of urea reduced NH3‐N loss by 6.5 to 7.3%.

Low cost, high N content, and favorable handling characteristics of urea fertilizer (46–0–0) make its use common in turfgrass management. While many investigations confirm incomplete recovery of foliarly applied urea‐N by turfgrass putting greens, the efficacy of urease‐inhibiting additives, calcium‐maleic‐itaconic polymer or N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), in preventing NH3 volatilization is currently undocumented. Furthermore, NH3 emissions reduce air and water quality. From 2014 to 2015, NH3 volatilization was measured 0 to 24 h following foliar application of conventional or stabilized urea fertilizers to ‘Penn G2’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens at a 20 kg ha−1 N rate in four separate trials. Using a 63% trapping‐efficiency flux chamber system under the duration and conditions described, 11.1% of conventional or calcium‐maleic‐itaconic polymer–amended urea‐N was lost as NH3. Alternatively, combined amendment by NBPT and dicyandiamide (DCD) prevented 1.3 to 1.4 kg ha−1 NH3–N emissions, reducing volatilization loss to only 3.8 to 4.6% of the foliarly applied urea‐N.
Phosphorus Application Rates Affected Phosphorus Partitioning and Use Efficiency in Tomato Production
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Ozores‐Hampton Monica , Li Yuncong C. , Morgan Kelly T.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

The partitioning of P uptake to fruit was maximized at 72 kg ha−1in 2014.

Increasing P rate linearly increased P concentrations in both soil and leachate.

Efficiency of converting P fertilizer into yield decreased with increasing P rate.

The rate 56 kg ha−1was considered the sufficient P rate based on tomato yield.

Understanding P accumulation and partitioning is essential for improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and minimizing environmental impact. A 2‐yr study was conducted to determine P distribution and PUE in tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) production as influenced by P application rates in a calcareous soil. Phosphorus was applied at 0, 29, 49, 78, 98, and 118 kg ha−1as pre‐plant dry fertilizers. At 95 d after transplanting, total phosphorus uptake (TPU) was not significantly affected by P rates in either year. In 2014, the highest proportion of TPU was accumulated in fruits and the maximum partitioning of TPU to fruits occurred at 72 kg ha−1. A higher or similar percentage of TPU was allocated to leaves comparing with fruits in 2015, which was probably due to the higher rainfall accumulation. Positive soil P budgets occurred with P rates ranging from 29 to 118 kg ha−1in both years. Phosphorus concentrations in surface soil and subsurface leachate increased linearly with increasing P rate. Tomato marketable yield at the first and second combined harvest was not affected in 2014, whereas the yield increased linearly and attained a plateau at 56 kg ha−1in 2015. There were no significant differences among treatments in the total season marketable yields in either year, thus, the partial factor productivity decreased with increasing P rate. Consequently, in the calcareous soils with 37 to 51 mg kg−1of Mehlich‐3 extractable P, 56 kg ha−1can be the sufficient P rate for tomato production.
Long‐term Soil Tillage and Cover Cropping Affected Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Nutrient Concentrations, and Yield in Sunflower
Authors: Rosner K. , Bodner G. , Hage‐Ahmed K. , Steinkellner S.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Novel insights in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi tillage cover crop interaction based on a long term trial.

Cover crops and soil tillage affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization in the subsequent main crop.

Nutrient concentrations and C/N ratio were affected by soil tillage.

Reduction of soil tillage and whole‐year coverage are major factors for sustainable agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are major components of the native soil microbiome in agricultural soils. Soil tillage and cover cropping can play an important role in promoting AMF abundance. In the present study, the results of a field experiment comprising different soil tillage treatments (conventional, reduced, minimum, no‐tillage) in interaction with cover cropping (comprising AMF host and nonhost plants) in a common crop rotation with Triticum aestivum (winter wheat) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) as the main crops are presented. Different cover crops (in mixtures or as single components) were cultivated in an existing soil tillage experiment established in 2009 in Austria. Soil tillage affected mycorrhization of winter wheat but not of cover crops. A different AMF root colonization were found in several cover crop species and in the subsequent sunflower. In this crop, AMF root colonization and spore density was further affected by soil tillage. The grain yields of the main crops were not altered by soil tillage. Significant interactions of soil tillage and cover cropping were found in the yield of sunflower and the C/N ratios. Furthermore, the nutrient concentrations of the plants were affected by soil tillage. This study shows that reduced soil tillage intensity combined with cover cropping enhances the abundance of AMF in the soil and affects the yield of the following main crop. Notably, mycorrhizal nonhost plants as cover crops do not lead to negative conditions for AMF in a common crop rotation.
Maize‐Nutrient Response Functions for Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Wortmann Charles S. , Senkoro Catherine , Cyamweshi Athanase R. , Kibunja Catherine , Nkonde Davy , Munthali Moses , Nalivata Patson , Nabahungu Léon N. , Kaizzi Kayuki
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Mean maize response to N is similar in Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda.

Maize is relatively more responsive to nitrogen in Malawi and Rwanda.

Maize is responsive to phosphorus and potassium in Rwanda.

There is little potential for profitable response to phosphorus and potassium in most areas of East Africa.

Maize response to Mg–S–Zn–B needs more investigation in Rwanda.

Information is scarce for maize (Zea mays L.) response to nutrient application for many production areas in tropical Africa. Research was conducted to determine macronutrient response functions and to diagnose Mg–S–Zn–B deficiencies. Site–year × N‐rate interactions within countries often accounted for little variation in yield relative to the N‐rate effect. Country mean grain yield responses to N‐rate were curvilinear to plateau, but linear in Malawi. Although mean yields differed, the response to N was similar for Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia with a mean yield increase of 0.94 Mg ha−1 due to 50 kg ha−1 N compared with 1.59 Mg ha−1 for Malawi and Rwanda. Response to N was related to yield with no fertilizer applied (r = 0.40). Only Rwanda had mean responses to P and K with respective yield increases of 0.99 and 0.22 Mg ha−1 due to 15 kg ha−1. Application of Mg–S–Zn–B caused a mean yield increase of 0.73 Mg ha−1 in Rwanda but had no effect in other countries. Application of affordable fertilizer to twice as much land at 50% compared with 100% of the economically optimum rate results in mean gains of 50% for production and agronomic efficiency and 72% for profit/cost ratio. Soil test results were not related to response to applied nutrients but historical yield appears to be weakly predictive of N response. The determined country‐level P and K response functions can be widely applied, except for Kenya, in consideration of other available information. The response to Mg–S–Zn–B in Rwanda needs further investigation.
HIPOSPADIA : BAGAIMANA KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI INDONESIA?
Authors: Krisna Daniel Mahendra , A Maulana
Published: August 2018

ABSTRAK
Hipospadia merupakan kelainan kongenital berupa adanya muara urethra yang terletak proximal dibandingkan lokasi yang seharusnya. Kelainan ini terjadi ketika masa embrio dan dipengaruhi berbagai keadaan. Hipospadia patut di waspadai dewasa ini karena perkembangan prevalensinya di beberapa negara yang cukup pesat tanpa diketahui penyebabnya. Beberapa faktor resiko seperti paparan estrogen atau zat anti-androgen pada masa kehamilan dapat dihindari untuk menurunkan resiko terjadinya hipospadia. Keluhan yang paling sering terjadi adalah pancaran urin yang melemah ketika berkemih, sampai terjadinya gangguan aktivitas seksual maupun infertilitas. Pengobatan sejak dini disarankan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik dan komplikasi yang rendah. Teknik operasi sudah berkembang pesat dan beberapa memiliki keunggulan masing-masing, namun untuk hipospadia distal paling sering adalah Tubularization Incised of urethral Plate (TIP) dan pada hipospadia proximal adalah teknik 2 stage graft. Di Indonesia beberapa penelitian dilakukan dan menemukan angka kejadian yang cukup merata untuk kelainan hipospadia, dengan tipe yang bervariasi. Hipospadia distal banyak ditemukan di Indonesia dan teknik TIP sebagai tatalaksana masih menjadi pilihan utama.
TUMOR OTAK METASTASIS DARI KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Silalahi Lothar , Rahmi Eli , Sutarni Sri
Published: August 2018

Tumor intrakranial metastasis lebih banyak insidensinya dibandingkan tumor intrakranial primer. Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab ke dua terbanyak tumor otak metastasis.Melaporkan sebuah kasus tumor otak metastasis dari kanker payudara. Laporan kasus. Perempuan usia 36 tahun, dengan riwayat terdiagnosis kanker payudara, menjalani terapi pembedahan dan kemoterapi 1 tahun sebelumnya, datang dengan keluhan nyeri kepala kronik progresif.Tumor otak metastasi dari kanker payudara dapat muncul pada rentang usia produktif sampai usia tua, dengan gejala klinis paling banyak adalah nyeri kepala. Jenis histologis, jumlah lesi metastasis, performa klinis serta usia saat terdiagnosis kanker payudara dapat menjadi faktor prognosis tumor otak metastasis dari kanker payudara.
SINDROMA VERTIGO SENTRAL SEBAGAI MANIFESTASI KLINIS STROKE VERTEBROBASILAR PADA PASIEN PEMFIGUS VULGARIS
Authors: Kusumastuti Ratih , Sutarni Sri
Published: August 2018

Pemfigus vulgaris merupakan penyakit bula autoimun yang menyerang kulit, membran mukosa maupun keduanya, secara histologi ditandai dengan bula intraepidermal karena proses akantolisis pada lapisan suprabasal. Penatalaksanaan penyakit ini menggunakan kortikosteroid dosis tinggi dalam jangka waktu lama yang dapat berefek terhadap peningkatan kadar lemak darah, hipertensi, hiperglikemia, dan obesitas. Kadar total kolesterol dan LDL merupakan faktor resiko yang penting untuk terjadinya stroke baik stroke infark maupun perdarahan. Salah satu tampilan klinis dari stroke adalah Dizziness, yang dapat disebabkan karena gangguan peredaran darah otak. Keluhan ini dapat berupa “presyncopal light headedness”, disequilibrium, dan vertigo. Setiap ada vertigo yang dihubungkan dengan gangguan peredaran darah otak maka lokasinya adalah daerah sirkulasi vertebrobasiler. Delapan puluh persen dari penyakit serebrovasculer adalah stroke iskemia, 20 persennya melibatkan sirkulasi vertebrobasiler.
Photographing the End of the World: Capitalist Temporality, Crisis, and the Performativity of Visual Objects
Authors: Micu Andreea S.
Published: August 2018

The Depression Era collective started as several photographers and video artists joined forces in March of 2011 to create an archive of photographic images about the Greek economic crisis, amidst the social and political upheaval provoked by ongoing austerity impositions of the EU on the Greek economy. In this essay, I examine selected images from Depression Era, including images from Marinos Tsagkarakis’s series Non-Places of Transition, Yannis Hadjiaslanis’s series After Dark, Pavlos Fisakis’s series Nea Elvetia, and Georges Salameh’s series Spleen. Bringing together Marxist philosophical approaches to aesthetics, via Walter Benjamin and Jean Luc-Nancy, I argue that these photographers’ work is a performative undoing of capitalist understandings of linear time that capture and foster desires for alternative radical temporalities, for non-capitalist senses of time. I discuss how these works disrupt linear notions of time as progress, and as measure of productivity and economic growth, which are intrinsic to modernity, and the creation of financial debt. Against capitalist linear temporality, these Depression Era photographs enable a performative encounter, a realm of visual experimentation in which the spectator is invited to feel time differently, to imagine different alternative temporalities that emerge from the collapse of capitalism.
Religijne sposoby radzenia sobie a stres i wypalenie zawodowe u nauczycieli religii
Authors: Hreciński Piotr
Published: August 2018

Zawód nauczyciela jest w dużym stopniu narażony na stres i wypalenie. Według modelu wymagania–zasoby narażeni na wypalenie są szczególnie ci pracownicy, którzy dysponując  niskimi zasobami, znajdują się w sytuacji wysokich wymagań. Przedmiotem badań był związek między trzema zmiennymi: religijnymi sposobami radzenia sobie (Brief RCOPE), traktowanymi jako zasoby osobowe, stresem (SSN), wyrażającym wymagania w pracy, i wypaleniem zawodowym (MBI). Badaniami objęto 419 nauczycieli religii. Stwierdzono, że negatywne strategie zaradcze korelują dodatnio z każdym wymiarem wypalenia, pozytywne strategie zaradcze natomiast korelują z wypaleniem ujemnie. Ponadto pozytywne religijne radzenie sobie moderuje relację między stresem a wypaleniem zawodowym w taki sposób, że dodatnia relacja między stresem a wypaleniem jest słabsza, przy większym nasileniu pozytywnych strategii zaradczych.
Effects of Smoking Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Function and Environmental Parameters
Authors: Coppeta Luca , Magrini Andrea , Pietroiusti Antonio , Perrone Stefano , Grana Mario
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

Our study aims to evaluate whether the active use of the electronic cigarette (e-cig) can determine adverse effects on the respiratory function of healthy workers and whether potentially dangerous pollutants are released in the air.

Methods:

Thirty healthy workers (seventeen men and thirteen women, age range 27-37) were included in the study. Immediately before and after a 5-minute smoking session performed in two different days (first-day e-cig, second-day tobacco cigarette [t-cig]), they underwent spirometry evaluation. Furthermore, environmental particle monitoring was performed during the experimental procedure (i.e.before, during and after active smoking).

Results:

Our study showed slight reductions in the main pulmonary function data both after active e-cig and t-cig smoking. Changes in the main respiratory parameters were significantly different than baseline after 1 minute from e-cigarette smoking (3,95vs3,91 lt for FEV:P=0,03; 0,84vs0,83 for FEV1/FVC ratio:P=0,008; 4,23vs3,99 lt/min for FEF25-75%: P=0,03) but not after 15 minutes from active e-cigarette smoking, whereas after t-cig smoking, there was a significant drop in the 15 min value of FEV1(P=, FEF25-75% (P=0.01) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (P=0.007).

Regarding environmental exposure, the e-cig smoking was associated with the transient release of particles with a diameter < 1 micron which dropped to baseline after 5 minutes, whereas in the case of t-cig, the particles persisted for 60 min.

Conclusion:

In this study, the active use of e-cig for a short time caused similar, although less pronounced effects as tobacco smoke on the pulmonary function. Similarly, the particles released in the environment had lower concentration and persistence than those of t-cig. These data suggest that e-cig may potentially be dangerous for active smokers and the environment. Long-term studies seem warranted to discover the health effects of active and passive exposure to e-cig.
Ultrasound Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block Versus Supraclavicular Block In Emergency Crushed Hand Patients : A Comparative Study
Authors: Hussien Rania Maher , Ibrahim Dalia Ahmed
Published: August 2018

Background:

The current study focusses on ultrasound guided Brachial Plexus Block (BPB) which plays an important role in patients with hand trauma either in pain control or for surgical intervention. The brachial plexus can be blocked by several techniques but the most commonly used are the Supraclavicular (SCB) and Axillary (AXB) blocks.

Objective:

To compare the two techniques with regards to the performance time, needling time, anesthesia-related time, block-related complications, number of needle pass and block related pain.

Methods:

After approval of the ethical committee and obtaining a written informed consent from patients, this prospective, randomized, interventional double-blinded study was done to patients undergoing emergency crushed hand surgery. 80 patients were allocated randomly into two equal groups. Under ultrasound guidance, the SCB and AXB were done for the two groups, respectively. The needling time, performance time, anesthesia-related time, onset time, number of 1st needle pass in each group and block related complications were noted.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 23 SPSS.

Results:

Longer needling, performance, anesthesia-related time in the AXB group than SCB and less complications have occurred with AXB than SCB group.

Conclusion:

Axillary block of brachial plexus is a good alternative to Supraclavicular block in emergency crushed hand surgery and the choice is made according to the requirement of each case.
Efficiency of documentation flow at scientific and engineering enterprises
Authors: Borsuk N. A. , Fedorova V. A. , Minina A. D.
Published: August 2018

A choice of a suitable document management automation system often becomes a highly complicated task. Such systems are currently available in big variety. Apart from that, each enterprise has its own specifics, while small and medium-sized scientific & engineering enterprises have also a wide range of small-scale orders. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate a reasonable approach to the choice of a document management system to be efficient for a particular enterprise. The expediency is showed for creating a uniform information space for data exchange at a scientific & engineering enterprise. The author proposes modelling methods and algorithms enabling to decrease the number of generated documents and resources consumed for generation thereof. UML diagrams of the uniform information space have been described. Modelling of local document flows of enterprises has been performed with the help of Petri net: a conclusion has been made on multiplicity and increase in the number of documents in each cycle of the production process. Introduction of the PDM system has been supported and one of the stages of creation of the uniform information space has been described: it is possible to track in real time mode the timelines for execution of documents, ready-made documents and to make the necessary managerial decisions, thereby improving efficiency of the workflow and production process. The authors has demonstrated the implementation of the developed methods and models for a medium-sized scientific & production enterprise in real practice and has provided recommendations on introduction of document management automation systems at such enterprises.
Access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: a case study
Authors: Isaga Nsubili
Published: August 2018

Tanzania like many other developing countries is highly dependent on agriculture for income generation and job creation for its citizens. Because the sector is mainly composed of smallholder farmers, lack of finance remains the leading obstacle to development. This study seeks to determine factors that affect access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in the Mvomero District of Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional design, with data being collected via the survey method. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain the respondents who fitted into the study objective. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The Logit regression model in particular was employed to determine factors that affect smallholder farmers’ access to bank services. The study reveals that the value of assets invested in farming activities, education and gender are significant factors affecting smallholder farmers’ access to bank credit. Policy recommendations include the establishment of a government bank that would exclusively provide financial services to agriculturalists by establishing a credit guarantee scheme, and the development of new financial products by the banks that would cater to the needs of smallholder farmers.

Key words: access, bank credit, smallholder farmers, logit regression