bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corona Virüs (Covid-19) Nedeniyle Mecburi Yürütülen Uzaktan Eğitim Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: BALAMAN Fatih , HANBAY TİRYAKİ Sevil
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma ile COVID-19 sürecinde mecburi olarak yürütülen uzaktan eğitim hakkında öğretmen görüşleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, süreçte aktif olarak kullanılan yazılımlardan Zoom adlı canlı ders yazılımına, çevrimdışı eğitim amaçlı kullanılan Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) platformuna, tek yönlü iletişim amaçlı kullanılan EBA TV’ ye odaklanılmıştır. Bu sistemlerin öğrenme üzerindeki etkilerini, genel olarak uzaktan eğitimin öğrenme, öğrenci ve öğretmen üzerindeki etkilerini, uzaktan eğitim ve bahsedilen sistemler hakkında öğretmenlerin tespitlerini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Görüşme formu kullanılarak nitel verilerin elde edildiği araştırma olgubilim modelindedir. Araştırmaya 2019-2020 eğitim - öğretim yılında Hatay il merkezinde 7 farklı devlet okulunda görev yapan 5’ i kadın, 7’ si erkek toplam 12 öğretmen katılmıştır. Görüşülen öğretmenlerin tamamı COVID-19 dolayısıyla mecburi yürütülen uzaktan eğitim sürecinde aktif olarak görev almışlardır. İçerik Analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmada verilerin analizde NVivo 10 yazılımından da yararlanılmıştır. Bu yazılımdan özellikle kodlamalarda, kodlamaların bir araya getirilerek temaların oluşturulmasında, tema ve alt temaların frekansları ile birlikte modellenmesinde, sık geçen kelimelerin tespitinde, kelime ağacı ve kelime bulutu oluşturma gibi sorgulamalarda yararlanılmıştır. İçerik Analizi sonunda temalar oluşturulmuş, temalara ilişkin maddelerin frekans değerlerine yer verilmiştir. Analiz sonunda “COVID-19 süreci özelinde karşılaşılan durumlar”, “Uzaktan eğitimin sağladığı kolaylıklar”, “Uzaktan eğitimde karşılaşılan dezavantajlar”, “Süreç boyunca hissedilen ihtiyaçlar” temalarına ulaşılmıştır. Temalar bağlamında birçok sonuç elde edilmiş olup bu sonuçlardan; bakanlıkça sunulan imkânların yeterli görülmesi, eğitim sistemimizin bu sürece hazırlıklı olduğunun düşünülmesi, yerli ve güvenli canlı ders yazılımı ihtiyacı, öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitimi yüz yüze eğitim kadar etkili görmemeleri dikkat çekici olanlarıdır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitimde ölçme – değerlendirme problemi, öğrencilerin teknik altyapı ve imkânlar açısından eşit şartlarda olmaması, hizmet içi eğitim ihtiyacı, öğrencilerin derse devam durumları da önemli sonuçlar arasındadır. Sonuçlardan hareketle COVID-19 sonrasında uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili tespit edilen eksikler tamamlanıp, gereksinimler yerine getirildikten sonra yüz yüze eğitim ile uzaktan eğitimin harmanlanabilir. Böylece hem uzaktan eğitimin hem de yüz yüze eğitimin avantajlarından yararlanılabilir.
Türk Sinemasında Yeni Hayatın Eşiği: Haydarpaşa Garı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: AÇA Mustafa , DİNÇ Mustafa
Published: April 2021

19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Fransız Lumiere Kardeşlerin sinematograf cihazını icat etmeleriyle birlikte ortaya çıkan ve ülkemize de takip eden yüzyılın başlarında gelen sinema sanatının ilk örnekleri tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de öncelikle belge filmler üzerinden oluşturulmuştur. Dünya savaşlarının hemen ertesinden günümüze gelene değin ise sinema, başlangıcındaki belge niteliğinin yanında zaman içerisinde geliştirdiği türlü konu ve teknik altyapı üzerine çok büyük bir birikim koyarak halk kitlelerinin görsel sanatlar içerisinde en çok ilgi duyduğu ve belki de dünyanın en yaygın bilinen sanat dalı haline gelmiştir. Anlatının dört unsuru olarak ele alınan olay, yer, zaman ve kişiler bir metin (senaryo) olarak başlayan sinema eseri anlatısının da en önemli unsurlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda sinema eserlerinin de bir edebi anlatı gözüyle değerlendirilmesi mümkündür. Hatta sinema eseri bu anlamda edebi eserden bir kat daha ileri giderek özellikle mekân bağlamıyla izleyicinin zihninde daha ayrıntılı bir yer edinebilmektedir. Bu bakımdan mekân sinema eserinin doğru okunabilmesi veya anlamlandırılması açısından çok önemli bir görevi de yerine getirmektedir. Çünkü mekân, sinema eserinin konusunun geçtiği yer olmasının yanında, vermek istediği mesajın da izleyiciye tam anlamıyla yansıtılmasını sağlayan görsel temsillerin sahnelendiği yerdir. Dolayısıyla bir sinema eserini değerlendirme durumunda mekân bağlamı asla göz ardı edilmemelidir. Türk sinemasında çok önemli bir sinematik gösterge olarak yer alan Haydarpaşa Garı ile ilgili temsillerin değerlendirilmeye çalışıldığı bu araştırmada öncelikle sinema – mekân ilişkisine değinilmiş, ardından Haydarpaşa Garı’nın tespit edilen filmlerde hangi psiko-sosyal, sosyo-kültürel, sosyo-ekonomik ve geleneksel kodlarla izleyiciye sunulduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu anlamda 1950-2020 yılları arasındaki yetmiş yıllık süre zarfında Yeşilçam sineması olarak adlandırılan Türk sineması geleneğinde Haydarpaşa Garı’nı bir şekilde mekân olarak seçen yaklaşık 80 eserden yapılan seçkilerdeki gar temsilleri görsel içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir.
The Importance of Sophisticated Product Export Related Sector and In Country Export: Nano Calcite Example
Authors: ÖZAYTÜRK İbrahim , İRİ Ruhan
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the differences in the ability of businesses to improve their production and the ability to turn to complex products within the scope of innovation determine their growth and exports as well as operating profitability. The study has been prepared in order to determine the effect of the exports realized by the enterprises as a result of sophisticated product developments on the relevant sector and country exports. The research is important in terms of emphasizing the importance and impact of sophisticated product exports within the relevant sector exports and on country exports. Also in the framework of international trade research, nano-calcite important point is to reveal the changes according to the year of Turkey's exports of high-tech products that they produce nano-calcite calcite sophisticated products of businesses in general. And also for use in the country's exports of research that can be done in the future export of other sophisticated products across Turkey. It could be counted as an important factor to contribute to the literature. The study sample with calcite mining enterprises across Turkey, constitute enterprises engaged in export of stone and earth-based industrial products. The effect of nano calcite sophisticated product exports produced by the calcite enterprises in Nigde and its region, on exports and country exports was analyzed in accordance with the data obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) between 01-31 July 2020. Necessary permission was given for the research with the number of Ethics Committee of Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 01.07.2020 and numbered 86837521-050,99-E, 26830 Ethics Committee. Research data, the company engaged in the export figures of Turkey exports nano-calcite mineral related sector, stones and earth-based industrial products export figures were obtained as the comparison of exports and the country. As a result of the time series analysis, between the years of 2000-2019, nano calcite gives the effect and the importance of the sophisticated product exports to the relevant sector and country export.
Political Participation of Youth in Turkey: Social Media as a Motivation
Authors: ÖZ DÖM Özge , BİNGÖL Yılmaz
Published: April 2021

The literature mainly underlines that young people are apathetic; they are not interested in politics, and they only give attention to the matters that directly affect their lifestyles. However, these assumptions miscalculate the changing patterns of political participation and the complexity of the channels that young people can reach in this time. The Internet has opened new ways of political participation by lowering the cost and providing the opportunity to access information from all over the world, enhancing the spectrum of political participation. Young people may not be members of political parties, but they are active in civil society groups; they may not hold general elections, but they do comment on certain issues. This situation provides new opportunities for young people to become politically active and mobilized. The main aim of this study is to see the impact of internet/ social media on the political participation of youth in Turkey, and to analyze the social media as a motivation of political participation among the young members of political parties and civil society. The main argument is that social media motivates young people to participate in political parties by seeing and reading about their activities while motivating young people to participate in civil society by encouraging civic duties. To investigate this, we made an interview with 30 executive members (10 from each organization), from AK Party, CHP, and GoFor (Gençlik Örgütleri Forumu) and analyze the content via MaxQda software. The finding of the study is that young people who tend to care about political issues and the ones who read, research, and become engaged in politics are also the ones reading, researching, and engaging in political issues in the online arena in Turkey.
Kavram Karikatürlerinin Derse Yönelik Tutuma Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: DEMİR Engin
Published: April 2021

Kavram karikatürleri ile öğretim, öğrencilerin kavramları anlamaya olan ilgisini artırmanın yanı sıra yaratıcılıklarının gelişimi açısından etkilidir. Öğrencileri, ortaya çıkan sorunları fark etmeye ve çözüm aramaya teşvik den bir yöntem olarak kabul edilir. Kavram karikatürleri ile öğretimin fen ve teknoloji alanında ağırlıklı olarak tercih edildiği görülmekle birlikte sosyal bilgiler ve diğer alanlar için de tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Türkiye’de kavram karikatürlerinin tutuma etkisini araştıran birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada Kavram karikatürleri ile öğretimin derse yönelik tutuma etkisi üzerine yapılmış birbirinden bağımsız çalışmaların bir araya getirilmesi ve sonuçlarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada meta–analize başlamadan önce, hangi çalışmaların meta–analize dâhil edileceğine ilişkin ölçütler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 2007-2019 yılları arasında yayımlanan 23 çalışmadan ölçütlere uygun olan 15 çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmalardaki toplam katılımcı sayıları, deney grubu için toplam 469, kontrol grubu için ise toplam 476’dır. Araştırmalar Türkiye’de yürütülmüştür. Toplanan verilerin analizinde meta analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, ortalama etki büyüklüğü değeri 0,345 ve pozitif bulunmuştur. Araştırmada heterojenite testi sonuçları dikkate alınarak etki büyüklüğünün hesaplanmasında rasgele etkiler modeli tercih edilmiştir. Rastgele etkiler modeline göre yapılan analiz sonucunda ortalama etki büyüklüğü değeri %95 güven aralığında anlamlı bulunmuştur (Z = 5,262). Elde edilen sonuçlar kavram karikatürleri ile öğretimin, geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerine göre öğrencilerin derse yönelik tutumuna, pozitif ve küçük düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğu yönündedir. Etki büyüklüklerinin ders alanlarına, araştırmanın yapıldığı coğrafi bölgeye, öğretim kademelerine ve uygulama sürelerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları kavram karikatürleri ile öğrenme yaklaşımının kullanıldığı deney grubu öğrencilerinin, geleneksel öğrenme yönteminin kullanıldığı kontrol grubu öğrencilerine göre derse yönelik daha olumlu tutuma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Pandeminin Almanya’daki Bilgi Teknolojileri Şirketlerine Etkisine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: YETGİN Muhammed Ali
Published: April 2021

Çin Halk Cumhuriyetinde ortaya çıkan koronavirüsün Almanya’ya da ciddi bir şekilde etkileri olmuştur. Ülkede bir çok sektör pandemi ilk çıktığı dönemlerde birkaç hafta faaliyetlerini durdurmuştur. Avrupa’nın en güçlü ekonomisine sahip olan Almanya’nın bilgi teknolojileri alanında dünyada etkili ülkelerden birisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Koronavirüs ile insanların iş, eğitim ve sosyal faaliyetlerini yoğunlukla dijital dünyaya aktarması, bilgi teknolojileri alanını daha da önemli kılmıştır. Almanya başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmak üzere bazı ülkeler ile bu alanda ciddi bir rekabet içerisindedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgi teknolojileri alanında Almanya’da faaliyet gösteren önemli şirketlere koronavirüsün etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmada Infineon Technologies, Deutsche Telekom, Wirecard ve SAP şirketleri ele alınmıştır. Almanya ve uluslararası pazarda rekabet içerisinde bulunan bu şirketlerin endeks değerlerindeki verileri ile Almanya’daki günlük koronavirüs vaka sayıları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. SPSS paket programı ile yapılan analizler neticesinde, elde edilen bulgulara göre şirketlerin endeks değerlerini gösteren veri ile koronavirüs vaka sayısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Almanya’da eğitim, yatırım, finans, sağlık gibi bir çok sektörde dijitalleşmeye geçilmesi ile teknoloji sektöründe rekabet hız kazanacaktır. Pandeminin bu sektöre etkisinin araştırılması da geleceğe yönelik çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Fruit quality of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees sprayed at post-bloom and preharvest with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7
Authors: Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Silveira João Paulo Generoso , Freitas Sergio Tonetto de , Steffens Cristiano André , Mitcham Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effects of post-bloom (PB) or preharvest (PH) treatments of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees with prohexadione-calcium (ProCa; 300 mg L-1), an inhibitor of gibberellins biosynthesis, or GA4+7 (300 mg L-1) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage (four months at 0±0.5 oC, followed by five days of shelf life). PB treatments started 15 days after full bloom, with one application every week and six applications in total. PH treatments started five weeks before anticipated harvest, with one application every week and four applications in total. Control trees were sprayed with water. GA4+7 PB increased length/diameter ratio, and GA4+7 PH increased titratable acidity (TA) and flesh firmness and slightly reduced red color of the fruit at harvest. ProCa PB and PH reduced ethylene production rate, delayed starch degradation and reduced soluble solids content of the fruit at harvest, and ProCa PH maintained firmness at harvest and after storage and TA of the fruit after storage. ProCa PB or PH delayed the loss of skin green background color at harvest, while at both treatment timings reduced the development of skin red color, but with a much stronger effect when sprayed PH than PB.
Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Mediators Release by Macrophages Exposed to Real Seal XT and Sealapex Xpress
Authors: Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da , Hidalgo Lídia Regina da Costa , de Sousa-Neto Manoel Damião , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , Barnett Frederic , Hernández Patricia María Gatón , Faccioli Lúcia Helena , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia
Published: April 2021

Abstract This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of Sealapex Xpress and Real Seal XT and their effect on macrophage activation. J774.1 macrophages were incubated with Sealapex Xpress and Seal Real XT (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and macrophage activation was measured by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production using ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test (a=0.05). Cell viability was not affected with 0.1 or 1.0 mg/mL of extracts of Sealapex Xpress and Real Seal XT at 24 and 48 h (p>0.05), but was significantly lower when cells were exposed to 10 mg/mL of both sealers (p<0.05). Sealapex Xpress inhibited the production of TNF-a, whereas Real Seal XT induced TNF-a secretion at 24 h (p<0.05). IL-6 production was induced by Real Seal XT, but not by Sealapex Xpress (p<0.05). Real Seal XT and Sealapex Xpress induced the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10. IL-4 was not detected in any group. In conclusion, both sealers had low toxicity but differentially activated macrophages. Macrophage activation by Sealapex Xpress was characterized by inhibition of TNF-a and induction of IL-10, whereas Real Seal XT induced IL-6 solely.
Effect of Protein-Based Treatment on Chemical Composition, Hardness and Bond Strength of Remineralized Enamel
Authors: Genovez-Júnior Guilherme , Paloco Eloisa Aparecida Carlesse , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt , González Alejandra Hortencia Miranda , Lopes Murilo Baena , Amânicio Daniele Cristina , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil
Published: April 2021

Abstract This study evaluated the chemical composition and microhardness of human enamel treated with an Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) solution, and the bond strength between composite resin and this enamel. Thirty human enamel samples were randomly divided into three groups: Untouched Enamel (UE), Demineralized Enamel (DE) and Demineralized Enamel Treated with EMD (ET). DE and ET groups were subjected to acid challenge and ET treated with EMD (EMD was directly applied over conditioned enamel and left for 15 min). Samples from each group (n=4) had chemical composition assessed through to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Knoop microhardness of enamel samples from each group (n=10) was measured. For the microshear bond strength, the samples were etched for 30 s, and the adhesive was applied and cured for 10 s. Two matrixes were placed on the samples, filled with Filtek Z350 XT composite and cured for 20 s, each. The matrix was removed, and the microshear bond strength of each group (n=10) was tested. Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test (for microhardness), to analysis of variance and to Tukey’s test (for microshear bond strength); (α=0.05). FTIR results have shown phosphate (hydroxyapatite indicator) in 900-1200 cm-1 bands in the UE and ET groups, which were different from the DE group. Microhardness and microshear analyses recorded higher statistical values for the UE and ET groups than for DE. EMD application to demineralized enamel seems to have remineralized the enamel; thus, the microhardness and bond strength was similar between UE and ET groups.
Oxygen Inhibition of Surface Composites and Its Correlation with Degree of Conversion and Color Stability
Authors: Borges Marcela Gonçalves , Silva Gisele Rodrigues , Neves Fernanda Teodoro , Soares Carlos José , Faria-e-Silva André Luís , Carvalho Roberta Furtado , Menezes Murilo Sousa
Published: April 2021

Abstract This study investigated the effects of oxygen inhibition and finishing/polishing procedures on the composite resin properties. One bulk-fill and two conventional composite resins (nanoparticle and microhybrid) were evaluated. Specimens were prepared using 4 surface treatments: control, no treatment; Gly, oxygen inhibition with glycerin; FP, finishing and polishing; Gly + FP, glycerin followed by finishing and polishing. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) immediately and after 15 days (n=5). Color stability (ΔEab, and ΔE00) and opacity were evaluated using a spectrophotometer after 15 days of immersion in coffee, using the CIELAB system (n=5). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and opacity by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Glycerin usage increased significantly the DC however had no influence on the ΔEab, ΔE00 and, opacity values. Finishing and polishing reduced ΔEab and ΔE00 values, regardless of composite resins. Microhybrid showed higher opacity, followed by the nanoparticle and bulk fill, regardless of surface treatment. Post-polymerization polishing procedures resulted in lower conversion than using an oxygen inhibitor agent (Gly condition), but similar staining caused by coffee.
Actitudes de los Profesores de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Sociales hacia la Enseñanza de Competencias de Consulta en Línea y sus Factores de Fondo en el Uso del Internet
Authors: Malebrán Mariano Eliseo Rodríguez , Quintanilla-Gatica Mario Roberto , Manzanilla Miguel Angel
Published: April 2021

Resumen: La actitud del profesorado es uno de los factores que inciden en la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en el aula. Desde allí nos preguntamos ¿Cómo influyen las actitudes del profesorado de ciencias naturales y ciencias sociales hacia la enseñanza de competencias de consulta en línea y sus factores de fondo en el uso del Internet? Participaron 33 profesores de 18 colegios públicos de una ciudad de Chile, asociados al proyecto conjunto entre Chile y Finlandia, AKA EDU03, aplicando un cuestionario Likert. Luego de un análisis de correspondencias múltiple, la edad se mostró como factor asociado a las actitudes de los profesores para la enseñanza de competencias de consulta en línea, lo que constituye un hallazgo interesante para profundizar en investigaciones futuras, particularmente hoy en actitudes relacionadas con la pandemia COVID 19 que demanda un mayor esfuerzo del profesorado por el uso de tecnologías en un formato remoto de enseñanza, evaluación y aprendizaje.
Morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of summer apple genotypes
Authors: Karatas N.
Published: April 2021

Abstract Summer apples are one of the most important plant community in Artvin province located Northeastern part of Turkey. In present study 22 local apple genotypes were characterized by phenological, morphological, biochemical and sensory properties. Harvest date was the main phenological data. Morphological measurements included fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit ground color, fruit over color, fruit over color coverage and fruit firmness, respectively. Sensory measurements were as juiciness and aroma and biochemical characteristics included organic acids, SSC (Soluble Solid Content), vitamin C, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Genotypes exhibited variable harvest dates ranging from 11 July to 13 August and cv. Summered harvested 30 July 2017. The majority of genotypes were harvested before cv. Summered. Fruit weight were also quite variable among genotypes which found to be between 89 g and 132 g, and most of the genotypes had bigger fruits than cv. Summered. Pink, red, yellow and green fruit skin color was evident and main fruit shape were determined as round, conic and oblate among genotypes. ART08-9, ART08-4, ART08-21 and ART08-22 had distinct bigger fruits and ART08-1, ART08-2, ART08-5, ART08-12 and ART08-17 had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The results of the study showed significant differences for most of the phenological, morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics. Thus, the phonological, morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of summer apple genotypes were distinguishable and these results suggest that phonological, morphological, sensory and biochemical differences of the summer apple genotypes can be attributed to differences in genetic background of genotypes which placed different groups by PCoA analysis.
Fungivory: a new and complex ecological function of Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
Authors: Silva D. D. da , Mendes S. M. , Parreira D. F. , Pacheco R. C. , Marucci R. C. , Cota L. V. , Costa R. V. , Figueiredo J. E. F.
Published: April 2021

Abstract We report the discovery that the earwig predator Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) feed on Puccinia polysora Underw uredospore, the causal agent of Southern Rust of Corn (SRC), which is a primary disease affecting the maize crop in Brazil. We performed experiments in laboratory and greenhouse to test the effect of D. luteipes (1st/2nd and 3rd/4th instars, and adults) fungivory on the P. polysora uredospore concentration. All trials showed a significant reduction of the initial concentration of uredospore. There was a reduction in uredospore concentration with increase in number of D. luteipes feeding on them. We also tested the uredospore consumption by quantifying its percentage in the feces of D. luteipes. Nymphs of the 2nd, 4th instar and adults fed 88%, 85%, and 83.8% of the uredospore, respectively. For nymphs of the 3rd instar, the percentage of uredospore consumption (75.6%) was statistically significant compared with the other groups. In greenhouse experiment, at twenty-eight days after plant inoculation with 9.9 x 104 uredospores, the percentage of uredospore consumption was 81.7%. Our results confirmed the fungivory of D. luteipes on P. polysora uredospore. This is the first report of D. luteipes fungivory, which may play an important role in the biological control of P. polysora in corn.
Agents of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil
Authors: Conti Elisa R. De , Takeuti Karine L. , Schwertz Claiton I. , Bianchi Ronaldo M. , Driemeier David , Barcellos David E.S.N. de
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: A high prevalence of pneumonic lesions has been reported to affect slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil. In order to identify which microorganisms have been causing those lesions, 30 pig lungs presenting pneumonic gross lesions were collected from five different slaughterhouses, totaling 150 lungs. Samples for bacterial isolation, molecular, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were taken from each lung. The pneumonic lesion scoring ranged from 1.53 to 2.83. The most frequent histopathological lesions found was the concomitant Influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, corresponding to 55.3% (83/150), and Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated in 54.2% (45/83) of these cases. In 102 samples (68%), there was histopathologic suggestion of involvement of more than one infectious agent. M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent agent associated with pneumonic lesions, being present in 92.1% (94/102) of the lungs with coinfections, followed by IAV in 89.2% (91/102). Besides the coinfections, IAV lesions were observed also in six samples without another pathogenic microorganism detected. A total of 46 samples with acute and subacute IAV suspected lesions in histopathological examination were assessed for IHC and real time RT-PCR for IAV. A total of 35% (16/46) of them were positive by IHC and 13% (6/46) by real time RT-PCR. Regarding M. hyopneumoniae, 79.3% (119/150) of samples were positive by qPCR and 84.9% (101/119) of them also presented M. hyopneumoniae suspected lesions in the histopathological examination. The results of this study suggest the importance of IAV in respiratory diseases in finishing pigs, even though this virus is more frequently reported in the nursery phase. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of lung coinfections in finishing pigs.
Avaliação dos Movimentos Gerais de Prechtl (GMA) na detecção precoce de risco ao desenvolvimento
Authors: Nunes Sabrina Felin , Chiquetti Eloá Maria dos Santos , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de , Souza Ana Paula Ramos de
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Verificar a relação entre a avaliação dos movimentos gerais (General Movements Assessment - GMA) com as variáveis obstétricas (aleitamento materno, intercorrência na gestação, medicação na gestação, álcool na gestação, fumo na gestação, intercorrência ao nascer, necessidade de internação em UTI neonatal e necessidade de ventilação mecânica), a presença de risco psíquico e o desfecho no desenvolvimento da linguagem, cognitivo e motor aos 18 e 24 meses. A amostra foi composta por 42 bebês, que foram filmados até a faixa etária de quatro meses, em movimentação espontânea por 15 minutos. Os movimentos gerais foram avaliados por vídeos usando a avaliação qualitativa de Prechtl e classificados como normais ou anormais dependendo da presença de fluência, complexidade e variabilidade. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente em sua relação com variáveis obstétricas e com a presença de risco psíquico, avaliada por meio dos Sinais PREAUT, dos indicadores clínicos de risco ao desenvolvimento e do M-CHAT. Verificou-se que não houve associação entre o método GMA e as variáveis analisadas. Acredita-se que, pelo fato de a amostra ter sido composta, em sua maioria, por bebês nascidos a termo ou prematuros tardios sem intercorrências e de a avaliação ter sido de forma transversal, em um único momento, não foi possível analisar se os movimentos avaliados como anormais foram ou não transitórios. A alteração dos movimentos por meio do método Prechtl não apresentou associação com as variáveis analisadas na amostra de bebês prematuros tardios e nascidos a termo.
Equações brasileiras: força muscular inspiratória
Authors: Pessoa Isabela Maria Braga Sclauser , Pinheiro Débora Alves , Falcão Myrna Amaral Dias , Araújo Paloma Ferreira de , Martins Patrícia Marília , Velloso Marcelo
Published: April 2021

RESUMO A força dos músculos respiratórios (FMR) - pressão inspiratória máxima [PImáx] e pressão expiratória máxima [PEmáx] - apresentam variação quando estimadas por equações de predição. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a classificação da PImáx obtida pelas equações de predição propostas por autores brasileiros é semelhante e concordante. A amostra foi constituída por 18 pacientes estáveis com disfunções cardiorrespiratória, neurológica e fraqueza muscular respiratória. A PImáx foi medida pelo manovacuômetro analógico e comparada com as equações de predição de autores brasileiros. Apenas dois autores detectaram fraqueza muscular inspiratória (p<0,0001). Ao avaliar a concordância entre autores (Bias), verificou-se baixa concordância entre os valores preditos pelas equações, exceto entre os autores que detectaram fraqueza muscular inspiratória nos pacientes avaliados.
Avaliação da força muscular respiratória em adultos cantores de coral e não cantores
Authors: Fonseca Raysla Lorrayne , Neves Érica Nunes , Matos Mariana Aguiar de , Neves Camila Danielle Cunha
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Um bom desempenho musical exige dos cantores alta habilidade do sistema respiratório, uma vez que, durante o canto, a musculatura respiratória produz o aumento e diminuição da caixa torácica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e comparar a força muscular respiratória de indivíduos adultos cantores de coral e não cantores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, composta por indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 45 anos, de ambos os sexos, sedentários e não tabagistas, distribuídos entre dois grupos: indivíduos cantores de coral (GC; n=23) e indivíduos não cantores (GNC; n=23). Os grupos foram avaliados quanto à força muscular inspiratória (pressão inspiratória máxima - PImáx.) e expiratória (pressão expiratória máxima - PEmáx.) por meio da manovacuometria. Indivíduos do GC apresentaram valores maiores da PImáx. (p=0,049) e PEmáx. (p<0,001) quando comparados ao GNC. Além disso, identificou-se que os valores da PImáx. têm magnitude de efeito e poder moderados (d=0,56; poder=0,59), e os valores da PEmáx. magnitude de efeito moderado e poder elevado (d=0,77; poder=0,82). Essa diferença das medidas de PImáx. e PEmáx. entre GNC e GC foi também observada ao se considerar os valores dos percentuais dos preditos (p<0,05). A partir das análises realizadas, conclui-se que cantores adultos de coral apresentam maior força muscular inspiratória e expiratória quando comparados a não cantores.
Correlação da força muscular respiratória com medidas antropométricas e nível de atividade física em adultos da atenção primária
Authors: Almeida Larisse Xavier , Noronha Isis Marinho de , Andrade Nina Vitória de Souza Silva , Siqueira Fernanda , Onofre Tatiana
Published: April 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a força muscular respiratória com as medidas antropométricas e o nível de atividade física de indivíduos adultos da atenção primária. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em uma unidade básica de saúde, onde foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos e com idade superior a 18 anos. A força muscular respiratória foi analisada pela pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx), por meio do manovacuômetro, onde valores pressóricos acima de 80% em relação ao predito foram considerados normais. Utilizou-se balança mecânica, estadiômetro e fita métrica para mensuração das principais medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de pescoço (CP), circunferência abdominal (CA), circunferência de quadril (CQ), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) e o índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC). O nível de atividade física foi determinado pelo questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ), onde os indivíduos foram categorizados como sedentário, irregularmente ativo A, irregularmente ativo B, ativo ou muito ativo, sendo realizada também a estimativa dos equivalentes metabólicos (MET) alcançados. Foram avaliados 110 indivíduos adultos (78,1% do sexo feminino; 51,9±12,3 anos), e com porcentagem em relação ao predito (%) de PImáx de 96,3±32,4% e 98,9±27,3% de PEmáx. A %PImáx apresentou fraca correlação com o IAC (r=0,23; p=0,01) e com a CQ (r=0,20; p=0,03), e a %PEmáx com o IMC (r=0,26; p<0,01) e IAC (r=0,30; p<0,01). Não houve diferença dos valores médios de %PImáx (p=0,61) e %PEmáx (p=0,54) entre as categorias do IPAQ, além de não existirem correlações (p>0,05) com os MET estimados. Em adultos da atenção primária, a força muscular respiratória apresentou fraca correlação com IMC, CQ e IAC, porém sem correlação com o nível de atividade física.
Entry of dengue virus serotypes and their geographic distribution in Brazilian federative units: a systematic review
Authors: Bezerra Juliana Maria Trindade , Sousa Selma Costa de , Tauil Pedro Luiz , Carneiro Mariângela , Barbosa David Soeiro
Published: April 2021

Objective: To describe the entry of Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in Brazil and its federative units. Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 2018 in databases and in the gray literature was performed using descriptors related to the years of entry of the DENV serotypes. Additionally, experts and official sources of information (Brazilian Ministry of Health) were consulted. Results: From 100 publications selected for the systematic review, 26 addressed the entry of DENV serotypes in the North region of the country, 33 in the Northeast, 24 in the Southeast, 14 in the Central-West, and five in the South. DENV-1 and DENV-4 were introduced in the North region in 1981. DENV-2 was introduced in the Southeast in 1990. DENV-3 was introduced in the North in 1999. Conclusion: The rapid expansion of dengue throughout the Brazilian territory was verified from the second half of the 1980s, with the gradual entry of the four serotypes, which resulted in the emergence of epidemics of arbovirus, which are currently verified in the country. Considering the epidemiology of the disease, more information should be disseminated and published in the wide-ranging scientific literature for a better understanding of the spread and circulation of DENV serotypes.
Generalized anxiety disorder and prevalence of suicide risk among medical students
Authors: Trindade Júnior Sérgio Cunha , Sousa Luis Fernando Freitas de , Carreira Luciana Brandão
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common pathology in modern life. Furthermore, Brazil ranks among one of the countries in Latin America with the highest increase in the number of suicides. Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of GAD and suicide risk and their association in medical students from Belém - PA. Methods: The observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study included undergraduate medical students attending the 1st, 3rd and 5th years of Universidade do Estado do Pará as subjects of this research, totaling 153 students. It used a protocol created by the authors and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The software BioEstat® 5.3 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: 52 (32,7%) of the 159 students have GAD and 48 (30,2%) pose a suicide risk, of which 18 have a mild risk (11,3%), 17 a moderate risk (10,7%) and 13 a high risk (8,2%). 46,7% and 50% of the 1st and 3rd-year students, respectively, have higher risk of suicide, which could be related to the competition faced during the University admission process and also during the first years of the clinical cycle. Of the 5th year students who pose a suicide risk, only 21,7% have high risk. Conclusion: It can be observed that GAD and suicide risk show high prevalence among medical students, which has to be investigated and treated aiming to reduce the impacts of those disorders on health professionals and students.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO KNOWING THE BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING
Authors: Alves Viviane Garcia da Silva , Mota Maria Carliana , Pagliari Carla
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of women according to the reported number of benefits of breastfeeding and to verify its association with the duration of this practice until the sixth month of the child’s life. Methods: This was a qualitative and prospective observational study performed with postpartum mothers in two stages (n=78, and after six months n=62). Generalized linear models were used to identify the profile of the mothers as well as to determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding until the sixth month of the child’s life. Results: The profile of women who reported fewer benefits (≤3) was: younger age (p=0.008), with lower schooling (p<0.001), single (p=0.02), unemployed (p=0.04) and who attended prenatal care at the public health service (p=0.01). The analysis of the interaction of these factors indicated that women who had only completed elementary school and who attended prenatal care at the public health service (p<0.001) or privately (p=0.01) reported fewer benefits. Factors such as: level of education, marital status, previous education/training about breastfeeding, place of prenatal care and the reported number of benefits were not associated with the duration of breastfeeding until the sixth month of the child’s life. Conclusions: The lowest number of breastfeeding benefits was reported by women with elementary education and who undewent prenatal care in the public health system or privately. The number of reported benefits was not associated with the duration of this practice until the age of sixth months of the child.
BORDERLANDS AND ACCOMMODATION: SPANISH SOLDIERS AND AMERINDIAN NATIONS IN LOUISIANA AND FLORIDA (1763-1803)
Authors: Croguennec Soizic
Published: April 2021

Abstract The treaty of Paris at the end of the Seven Years war meant the addition of Louisiana to the Spanish Empire in 1763 while the treaty of Versailles at the end of the United States war of Independence marked the return of the Floridas under Spanish control, thus making the end of the 18th century the largest expansion of the Spanish Empire in North America. Yet this large territory was only of marginal importance in the Spanish imperial structure even as it did represent a real geopolitical interest due to being essential for the control of the Gulf of Mexico and the protection of New Spain against growing British ambitions. This focus on the geopolitical and military function of Louisiana and Florida explains a very pragmatic management of the borderlands and lack of real economic and human investment by the Spanish crown. In this context, the outermost territories in close contact with both the confines of the Anglo-American colonies and the Native communities were places in which individual and collective survival was a constant struggle. The judicial and military records present in the Papeles de Cuba section of the Archivo de Indias offers a wide range of agencies, behaviors and strategies, revealing a permanent process of accommodation, negotiation, traffic and mobilities that create a remarkable social and identity fluidity. In the borderlands, the line between what was legal and what was illegal, or between loyalty and treason, was a very narrow and porous one.
SOBERANIA EM TERRITÓRIO ALHEIO: COMANDANTES E ESPIÕES IBÉRICOS NAS FRONTEIRAS DA AMÉRICA, SÉCULOS XVIII E XIX
Authors: Comissoli Adriano
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo aborda a administração da comunicação enquanto constituinte dos impérios europeus ultramarinos no final do século XVIII e início do XIX, especificamente a capitania portuguesa do Rio Grande de São Pedro. Analisa a política de informação portuguesa direcionada ao vice-reino espanhol do Rio da Prata, com particular menção à espionagem. O objetivo é demonstrar a existência desse fenômeno como política imperial de Portugal para a América, percebendo limites e possibilidades para definir a soberania e para planos defensivos e expansionistas.
La estructuración del régimen de intendencias en el Distrito del Sur en tres escenarios (1824-1830): Elecciones, administración territorial y justicia
Authors: Hanna Santiago Cabrera
Published: April 2021

Resumen Este articulo examina la estructuración del régimen de intendencias colombiano y la Ley de División Territorial de 1824 en el Distrito del Sur (actual Ecuador). El análisis permite comprender las tensiones que produjo el montaje de la estructura republicana en las jurisdicciones de los municipios urbanos más grandes del país. La fragmentación territorial producida por la crisis imperial entre 1809 y 1820 permitió que diversas formas de representación política obtuvieran legitimidad, y pudieran consolidar su hegemonía territorial mediante la adición de soberanías municipales rurales. El orden republicano procuró desarticular estas hegemonías por medio de la creación de departamentos. Los escenarios de estas transformaciones fueron las elecciones, la administración territorial y la justicia.
ESTRATEGIAS DE CONTROL COMERCIAL EN EL ÁREA SUR ANDINA, 1830-1860: APROXIMACIÓN A CUATRO CASOS DE MERCADERES EXTRANJEROS ESTABLECIDOS EN LA REGIÓN TACNA-ARICA
Authors: Rosenblitt B Jaime
Published: April 2021

Resumen Este artículo identifica algunas formas de inserción y penetración comercial en el área sur andina, para lo cual examina las actividades de cuatro comerciantes extranjeros establecidos en Tacna y Arica durante las décadas de 1830, 1840 y 1850. Se muestran los principales flujos de circulación de bienes a través de la región Tacna-Arica, los empresarios que los articulaban, las relaciones entre las distintas escalas de mercaderes, los criterios con que operaban, y la complementación y competencia económica entre distintas regiones.
“NOS CAMINHOS DE SÃO GREGÓRIO”: AS HIERARQUIAS SOCIAIS NA FRONTEIRA DO BRASIL COM O URUGUAI E O COMANDO REGIONAL DO BRIGADEIRO DAVID CANABARRO (C. 1831-1865)
Authors: Vargas Jonas Moreira
Published: April 2021

RESUMO O artigo analisa alguns fatores que conformaram as hierarquias sociais na Fronteira do Brasil com o Uruguai, mais propriamente na localidade de Santana do Livramento, cidade fundada exatamente no limite entre os dois países. Num contexto de muitas guerras e de construção do estado monárquico é dado destaque à atuação do Brigadeiro David Canabarro, um oficial paisano que se tornou comandante militar daquela Fronteira, cargo fundamental na defesa do território imperial. Compilando um conjunto variado de fontes documentais, o artigo enfatiza que aquela sociedade fronteiriça possuía uma estratificação social complexa e que o sucesso daqueles que buscavam exercer sua autoridade política e militar dependia de uma ampla negociação com todos os estratos sociais, ou seja, ricos fazendeiros, pequenos criadores de gado, peões de estância, indígenas, libertos e escravos.
Stepped spillways with aerators: hydrodynamic pressures and air entrainment
Authors: Ferla Rute , Novakoski Carolina Kuhn , Priebe Priscila dos Santos , Prá Mauricio Dai , Marques Marcelo Giulian , Teixeira Eder Daniel
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The possibility of damage due to the phenomenon of cavitation leads the design of stepped spillways considering maximum specific discharges of 15 to 30 m2/s, a limit considerably lower than that practiced on smooth chutes. Aerators promote the insertion of air in the flow, allowing for the increase of specific flow rates. This work analyzes the pressures on the vertical faces of the steps and the air entrainment coefficient in the flow, through an experimental study in a physical model with a stepped chute angle of 53.13o, considering the installation of aerators in different places of the channel. Comparing the tested conditions with the natural aeration, it is concluded that the installation of the aerator does not change the magnitude of the minimum extreme hydrodynamic pressures, but anticipates the beginning of the flow aeration. A new equation is proposed to estimate the air entrainment coefficient, as well as a methodology for forecasting extreme pressures on the vertical faces of the steps, both valid in the range 3.0 ≤ Fr ≤ 6.0.
Rational perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open damages of brush in children
Authors: Gordienko Ivan I. , Tsap Natalya A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Today, hand injuries are one of the most pressing and common problems in modern traumatology worldwide. Results obtained statistically indicate a fairly high frequency of hand injuries, including open ones. Often, an incorrect prescription of antibiotics in the form of unjustified antibiotic therapy in the absence of direct indications is done.
Aim. This study aimed to develop a rational algorithm for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open hand injuries in children based on experimental and clinical research.
Materials and methods. The study was divided into two phases: experimental and clinical. The experiment was carried out on 60 sexually mature, outbred guinea pigs. During the experiment, the analysis of clinical signs of inflammation, complete blood count and biochemical blood analysis, spiral computed tomography, and morphological study of the consolidation zone were performed. The clinical part of the work is based on the analysis of surgical treatment results of 120 children with open hand injuries, which were divided into two groups: the main group that included 50 children receiving treatment according to the experimentally developed perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) algorithm, and the comparison group included 70 children receiving a perioperative course of antibiotics from 0 to 7 days, without a well-defined algorithm.
Results. In the analysis of clinical results, laboratory, radiation, and morphological methods of studying the experimental material, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures of small tubular bones with a 90% probability was found to entail pro-inflammatory complications in the area of postoperative wound; however, a one day short-term course of PAP will prevent complications and will not have statistically significant differences with a longer course of three days.
Discussion. Results of a clinical study proved the effectiveness of the developed algorithm and showed better results in early and late postoperative period in comparison with the chaotic prescription of antibacterial drugs without a clear algorithm; however, no statistically significant differences in the level of postoperative complications were found.
Conclusion. On the basis of an experimental model of an open fracture of the tubular bone, osteosynthesis and various courses of antibiotic prophylaxis has proven that a short-term course of PAP within 24 h is the most optimal one, and achieving minimal risks of inflammatory complications and better anatomical and functional outcomes in clinical practice.