bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Calamintha incana (Sm.) Helder Ethanolic Extract on the mRNA
Expression of Drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the Mouse Livers
Authors: Althaher Arwa R. , Jarrar Yazun , Al-Ibadah Mahmood Ayad , Balasmeh Ruba , Jarrar Qais , Abulebdah Dina
Published: January 2024

Background::

Alteration in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can alter the pharmacokinetics and hence the response of the drug. Some chemicals found in herbs and fruits affect the expression of DMEs. Calamintha incana is commonly used in Middle Eastern Arabic countries. There is no report regarding the influence of Calamintha incana on the hepatic expression of DMEs.

Aims::

The current investigation aimed to investigate the effect of Calamintha incana consump-tion on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome (cyp) P450 genes in mice.

Methods::

The chemical composition of the ethanoic extract was analyzed using liquid chroma-tography/mass spectrometry. Then, 21 BALB/c mice were used for the in vivo experiment. The mice were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven mice. The first group (low-dose group) was treated with 41.6 mg/kg of Calamintha incana extract and the second group was administered the high-dose (125 mg/kg) of the extract for one month. The mice in the third “con-trol” group administrated the vehicle 20% polyethylene glycol 200. Then, the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp1a1 was analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reac-tion. The relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic pathohistological alterations were assessed.

Results::

The ethanolic extract of Calamintha incana contained 27 phytochemical compounds. The most abundant compounds were linolenic acid, myristic acid, and p-cymene. It was found that the low dose of Calamintha incana extract upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) the expres-sion of cyp3a11 by more than ten folds in the liver of treated mice. Furthermore, the histological analysis showed that low- and high-dose administration of the C. incana did not cause patholog-ical alterations.

Conclusion::

It can be concluded from these findings that consumption of low doses of Cala-mintha incana upregulated the mRNA expression of mouse cyp3a11 without causing histopatho-logical alterations in the livers. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of Cala-mintha incana on the pharmacokinetics and response of drugs metabolized by cyp3a11.
Evaluation of Flood Control Performance in the Talangsari Watershed, Samarinda, East Kalimantan
Authors: Hariyadi Joko Sugeng , Istiarto Istiarto , Raharjo Adam Pamudji
Published: January 2024

The flood issues in the Talangsari River in Samarinda City were not only caused by high rainfall but also by the significant sediment accumulation and waste along the river, the encroachment of residential areas onto the river section, and the lack of public awareness regarding environmental cleanliness. As a result, flooding occurs throughout the Talangsari River, from upstream to downstream, indicating significant damage to the river. Considering these issues, proactive measures are necessary to address the flood problems. One such measure is the normalization of the Talangsari River to ensure smooth land transportation from and to Apt Pranoto Airport in the Sei Siring area, Bontang City, Sangatta, and Kutai Kartanegara. The flood discharge plan was estimated using Nakayasu and SCS synthetic unit hydrograph method. The analysis revealed a peak discharge of 6.39 m3/s for the existing conditions (2-year return period) and 13.38 m3/s for the normalization conditions (25-year return period). Subsequently, the simulations were performed using the HEC-RAS program by two scenarios: the existing river condition and the normalization scenarios. Following the simulation with the 2-year return period discharge for the existing conditions, the Talangsari River experienced upstream to downstream flooding, underscoring the need for flood mitigation measures. The river normalization simulation using the 25-year return period discharge considered dimensions such as a channel width of 7m and a depth of 3.5m. As a result of the normalization simulation, the Talangsari River successfully accommodated a flow of 13.38 m3/s without experiencing flooding, confirming that the decision to pursue normalization was the best choice.
Evaluation of Patient-Facing Mobile Apps to Support Physiotherapy Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Merolli Mark , Francis Jill J , Vallance Patrick , Bennell Kim L , Malliaras Peter , Hinman Rana S
Published: January 2024

Background

Mobile health interventions delivered through mobile apps are increasingly used in physiotherapy care. This may be because of the potential of apps to facilitate changes in behavior, which is central to the aims of care delivered by physiotherapists. A benefit of using apps is their ability to incorporate behavior change techniques (BCTs) that can optimize the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions. Research continues to suggest that despite their importance, behavior change strategies are often missing in patient management. Evaluating mobile apps that physiotherapists can use to drive behavior change may inform clinical practice and potentially improve patient outcomes. Examining the quality of apps and exploring their key features that can support behavior change and physiotherapy care are important aspects of such an evaluation.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to describe the range of mobile apps in app stores that are intended for use by patients to support physiotherapy care. The secondary aims were to assess app quality, BCTs, and their behavior change potential.

Methods

A systematic review of mobile apps in app stores was undertaken. The Apple App Store and Google Play were searched using a 2-step search strategy, using terms relevant to the physiotherapy discipline. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied: apps had to be intended for use by patients and be self-contained (or stand-alone) without the requirement to be used in conjunction with a partner wearable device or another plugin. Included apps were coded for BCTs using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1. App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale, and the App Behavior Change Scale was used to assess the app’s potential to change behavior.

Results

In total, 1240 apps were screened, and 35 were included. Of these 35 apps, 22 (63%) were available on both the Apple App Store and Google Play platforms. In total, 24 (69%) were general in their focus (eg, not condition-specific), with the remaining 11 (31%) being more specific (eg, knee rehabilitation and pelvic floor training). The mean app quality score (Mobile App Rating Scale) was 3.7 (SD 0.4) of 5 (range 2.8-4.5). The mean number of BCTs identified per app was 8.5 (SD 3.6). BCTs most frequently included in the apps were instruction on how to perform a behavior (n=32), action planning (n=30), and self-monitoring of behavior (n=28). The mean behavior change potential score (App Behavior Change Scale) was 8.5 (SD 3.1) of 21 (range 3-15).

Conclusions

Mobile apps available to support patient care received from a physiotherapist are of variable quality. Although they contain some BCTs, the potential for behavior change varied widely across apps.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/29047
The Traditional Sources of Four Burns Songs: ‘The Posie’, ‘Craigie-burn Wood’, ‘Ae Day a braw wooer’ and ‘A waukrife Minnie’
Authors: Campbell Katherine , Lyle Emily
Published: January 2024

Robert Burns devoted much effort to the collection of tunes which he expected to be published in James Johnson’s Scots Musical Museum and George Thomson’s Select Collection. The tunes were often accompanied by the words of songs and Burns related to these sources in different ways. This article studies in detail his relationship to four songs and demonstrates how the partial information that he gives explicitly can be developed to give an impression of these source songs as wholes, so increasing our knowledge of traditional Scottish song in the eighteenth century. The study also throws light on Burns’s method of composition when he was using a traditional base.
PLANNING STUDY OF HYBRID POWER PLANT SOLAR PV-DIESEL GENERATOR ON KODINGARE ISLAND, SINJAI REGENCY
Authors: Yunus Muhammad Yusuf , Lewi Lewi , Rijal Andi Saiful , Huda Nur , Ikram Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Kodingare Island is located in Pulau Sembilan District, Sinjai Regency, one of nine islands. Currently, most people still rely on conventional energy from diesel power plants. The reason is that this island does not yet receive an electricity supply from the electricity grid due to the geographical limitations of the archipelago. It is known that the most potential renewable energy source on Kodingare Island is solar energy, with a potential for solar radiation reaching 5.86 kWh/m2/day. This research aims to analyze an innovation that combines PV and solar, where PV acts as the main electricity generator, while solar functions as a backup and additional energy source. The method used in this research uses simulation methods, layout modeling, and financial analysis using HOMER Pro simulation software to determine the potential and performance of hybrid power plants and SketchUp Pro software to produce three-dimensional layouts and economic and feasibility values obtained through financial analysis. Technical aspects include producing an electrical energy system of 37,029 Wh/year, consisting of PV of 32,981 Wh/year and solar of 4,048 Wh/year with energy consumption of 33,850 Wh/year. The required fuel consumption is 2,086 L/year, with excess electricity of 931 kWh/year and renewable energy penetration of 89.1%. From an economic perspective, planning this hybrid power system requires an investment of 258.290.000 IDR, O&M costs of 19.350.600 IDR, and the cost of energy value of 1,352/kWh IDR. In contrast, from the feasibility aspect of planning a hybrid electric power system, it is said to be feasible because it produces a Net Present Value of 9,870,151 IDR, is more significant than zero, the Profitability Index is 1.03 greater than one, the Internal Rate of Return is 8.90% greater than the credit interest rate of 8.43% and the Payback Period required for return of capital is nine years nine months.
Innovation in Audit and Assurance: A Global Study of Disruptive Technologies
Authors: Seidenstein Tom , Marten Kai-Uwe , Donaldson Giovanni , Föhr Tassilo L. , Reichelt Valentin , Jakoby Lena B.
Published: January 2024

The study at hand develops the Audit and Assurance Value Chain as a structured framework with four categories: accessing information and data, verifying information, protecting information, and assessing internal controls. After development of the Audit and Assurance Value Chain, it was utilized to categorize emerging technologies derived out of investigations of more than 100 technology innovator companies and interviews with 23 organizations comprising audit and assurance practitioners, regulators, associations, and national standard-setters. The study is based on global data coverage to identify emerging technologies that have not been connected to audit and assurance services before, bringing new insights to the field. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board convening power and influence in promoting the adoption of emerging technologies.

JEL Classification: M40; M41; M42; O30; O32; O33.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Bioinformatics
Authors: Doulah Md Siraj-Ud
Published: January 2024

Bioinformatics is a developing domain that discourses the necessity to achieve and understand the data that in the past era was enormously produced by genomic investigation. This domain signifies the convergence of genomics, biotechnology and involves examination and understanding of data, displaying of biological occurrences, which is one of the most significant field for the study of biological schemes today and expansion of algorithms and statistics. The paper objectives at a relative study of Machine learning algorithms on a breast cancer dataset. The algorithms used for comparison of ANN, ANFIS, ADT, BN, BFT, C4.5, CART, CBR, DT, DESVM, EP, GP, GA, GRU-SVM, IBk, J48, kNN, K*, KMSVM, kNN+ICA, kNNGA, LB, LMT, LR, MDR, MLP, NNge, NB+kNN, NNANF, NB, PART, RBFNN, RF, SVM, SMO, SL, SOM, SR, SMO-SVM, ZeroR– are supervised learning algorithms used extensively for classification purposes and are chosen for their variety. The performance of those algorithms are compared by using the different performance criterions based on confusion matrix such as Recall /Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, Accuracy, F-Score and Mathews Correlation Coefficient. Based on analysis of this data, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is better at classification with 99.5% accuracy and 0.9901 Mathews correlation coefficient among others classifiers.
Real Time Cattle Health Monitoring Using IoT, ThingSpeak, and a Mobile Application
Authors: Jain* Rahul
Published: January 2024

A new cattle health monitoring system called My Herd was developed using Internet of Things (IoT), Thing Speak, and a mobile application. My Herd continuously monitors the health status of cattle by collecting and analyzing physiological parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, and activity level. The data is then transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform through IoT nodes, where it is analyzed using MATLAB algorithms. A mobile application is also developed to provide farmers with real time monitoring and alerts in case of any abnormality in cattle health. The proposed system was tested on a group of cattle, and the results showed that it can accurately detect and diagnose various health conditions. My Herd provides farmers with a cost effective and efficient solution for monitoring the health of their cattle, which can ultimately lead to improvement in productivity and profitability in the livestock industry.
Surviving the Cold: A Case Study in Competition between Native and Invasive Fish for Overwinter Habitat Use
Authors: OT* Lorenz
Published: January 2024

Invasive species management can be challenging or even impossible, especially in aquatic environments. To determine if the tropical origins of an invasive species affected where it could be targeted, we constructed a study to compare winter behavior of a tropical invasive to a temperate weather native species in Louisiana. The winter activity and cold tolerance of ten invasive Rio Grande Cichlids, Herichthys cyanoguttatus and ten native bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus was observed using an outdoor pond with a dual antenna PIT tag array and an artificial culvert created inside of the pond. All fishes had PIT tags injected into their lateral musculature. Both species were active at temperatures below 10°C and all twenty fish survived temperatures as low as 7°C. Even though the invasive H. cyanoguttatus is a member of a tropical family of fishes, activity and even feeding behavior of both species was similar up to 13°C, but H. cyanoguttatus individuals were more active than bluegill at higher temperatures. Both species appeared to use the culvert during cold fronts, demonstrating that the behavior of both species during cold weather were remarkably similar. This study illustrates the thermal tolerance abilities of H. cyanoguttatus in New Orleans and also demonstrates their potential for invading other cold-water habitats.
Lipid Peroxidation in Sperm Cells and the Creation of Reactive Oxygen Species: A Review
Authors: MB* Toker
Published: January 2024

The extended storage of spermatozoa represents a pivotal tool for advancing reproductive technologies in the realm of animal medicine. Cryopreservation of sperm stands out as a valuable technique for the preservation of sperm cells, offering the potential for the enhancement of genetic traits and the amplification of selected reproductive characteristics. Over the years, diverse methodologies have been investigated for the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm cells, involving various techniques. However, the cryopreservation of sperm induces substantial biological and functional alterations in spermatozoa. Sperm cell membrane consists high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the redundancy of fats and cholesterol, reactive oxygen species that were created by lipid peroxidation are prone to impact membranes and compromising their functional capabilities. Prolonged storage of spermatozoa induces consequential biological and functional alterations in sperm cells, thereby compromising their capacity for fertilization. Furthermore, abrupt temperature fluctuations, exemplified by cold shock, and the dynamic processes of ice formation and dissolution during freezing-thawing procedures, exert adverse effects on the structural and functional integrity of key sperm components, including the acrosome, nucleus, mitochondria, axoneme, and plasma membranes. Also, toxic effects of hydroperoxides cause degeneration on cell membranes and altering cell pH. The effects of reactive oxygen species over lipids have one of the strongest impacts on biological systems. This article is a brief review that highlights some of the substances that were created on the way of cryopreservation with the lipid peroxidation fact that called as “Reactive Oxygen Species”.
ChatGPT and the Pedagogical Challenge: Unveiling the Impact on Early-Career Academics in Higher Education
Authors: Baskara FX. Risang , Puri Anindita Dewangga , Wardhani Annisa Radista
Published: January 2024

Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT offer considerable promise for enhancing professional development in higher education. This study focuses on the experiences of early-career lecturers who utilise ChatGPT for professional development. Central questions explore ChatGPT's influence on their overall professional experience and the challenges and benefits of its use. While research on AI in education has been growing, few studies have delved into the specific experiences of young academics using ChatGPT. This study employed qualitative methods to address this gap, pre-cisely 45- to 60-minute in-depth interviews with two purposively selected lecturers, followed by a thematic analysis using a grounded theory approach. Our findings reveal a multifaceted landscape: on the one hand, ChatGPT enhances the ability to construct intricate academic arguments, increases effi-ciency in research and teaching tasks, and heightens critical thinking capabilities. Conversely, chal-lenges such as initial technical hurdles, occasional incorrect outputs, and concerns about over-dependency were also highlighted. Through this investigation, the study contributes to the broader discourse on AI in education by illustrating both the promising opportunities and potential pitfalls of using ChatGPT in academia. The study underscores the need for a balanced approach to AI adoption. It offers insights into the role of AI tools like ChatGPT in shaping the future of professional development in higher education.
SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PADA PT. ELANG HIJAU BENGKULU SEJAHTERA (EHBS)
Authors: Marizky Syafrizza Aulia , Ramadani Niska , Oktoeberza KZ Widhia
Published: January 2024

PT. Elang Hijau Bengkulu Sejahtera adalah Perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang pengolaan limbah berbahaya dan beracun daerah, tugas dan fungsi Perusahaan adalah sebagai Central Temporary Storage Medical Waste,  Chemical Waste, dan  Industrial Hazardus Waste yang memiliki Kerjasama dengan Multi Vendor Transporter B3 nasional. Pendataan mengenai limbah yang telah diangkut Kembali di Gudang masih menggunakan pendataan manual, hal ini dinilai kurang efektif dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan suatu sistem informasi yang dapat menjalankan proses manajemen pendataan dengan lebih efektif. Sistem Informasi Administrasi Pengolaan Limbah ini merupakan aplikasi yang berbasis website yang dibangun untuk proses pendataan data limbah medis dan limbah nonmedis. Sistem informasi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian yaitu metode pengumpulan data dan pengembangan sistem dengan menggunakan metode waterfall. Sistem dibuat dengan menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySQL, dan Laravel 8.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN KECEPATAN, UKURAN, KUALITAS VRAY DAN ARNOLD DALAM PROSES RENDERING 3D MODEL ARSITEKTURAL
Authors: Nugraha Bhanu Sri , Nurrizky Akbar , Ariatmanto Dhani , Lukman Lukman
Published: January 2024

Vray dan Arnold merupakan render engine yang dapat digunakan menggunakan software autodesk maya. Untuk mengetahui karakter kedua render engine tersebut peneliti melakukan observasi dan studi literatur yang kemudian mencari sampel data berupa 3D modelling. Pengumpulan data rendering dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu data kecepatan rendering, data ukuran rendering, dan data tampilan hasil rendering. Pengumpulan data kecepatan dan ukuran menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian, sedangkan data tampilan menggunakan kuesioner yang menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif yang tanpa menggunakan populasi dan sampel kemudian dilakukan pengujian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa render engine vray dan Arnold memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan dari kecepatan dan ukuran rendering. Arnold memiliki waktu rendering dan ukuran file yang dihasilkan lebih unggul dibandingkan vray dengan rata-rata nilai kecepatan 0,0580 menit dan rata-rata nilai ukuran 0,63800 MB, sedangkan dari segi tampilan vray memiliki keunggulan dikarenakan vray menghasilkan gambar yang bagus dan tampak realistis dengan nilai rata-rata 3,09 responden menjawab “Sangat Bagus” dan 3,05 responden menjawab “Sangat Realistis”.
FISIOTERAPI PADA POST PARTUM DENGAN PILATES EXERCISE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN FLEKSIBILITAS LUMBAL
Authors: Hidayati Zein Renni , Muawanah Siti , Ismaningsih Ismaningsih
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang : Post Partum merupakan periode waktu atau masa dimana organ-organ reproduksi kembali kepada keadaan tidak hamil membutuhkan waktu sekitar 6 minggu. Fleksibilitas dipengaruhi oleh elastisitasnya sendi-sendi dan juga otot-otot. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas lumbal pada kasus post partum adalah dengan pemberian intervensi pilates exercise. Tujuan dari pemberian intervensi ini yaitu meningkatkan fleksibilitas lumbal, menjaga fleksibilitas otot, dan memperbaiki postur. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah  penelitian Pra Eksperimen dengan One group pre-test & post-test design. Populasi sampel adalah post partum dengan gangguan fleksibilitas lumbal UPT Puskesmas Kelurahan Enok. Pengambilan data pasien dengan menggunakan midline pre-test dan post-test.  Selama masa penelitian jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu seluruh penderita. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fleksibilitas sebelum & sesudah pemberian intervensi menunjukkan ada perubahan yang signifikan dari nilai p=0,000 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan Uji Paired Sampel T Test dengan nilai p= 0,000 < (0,05) telah memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pilates exercise terhadap perubahan fleksibilitas lumbal pada post partum. Kesimpulan : Disimpulkan bahwa fleksibilitas sebelum & sesudah pemberian pillates exercise memperlihatkan ada peningkatan fleksibilitas setelah diberikan pilates exercise dengan frekuensi latihan 3 kali selama 3 minggu.
“Every Young Worker Gets a Secondary Education”: Universal Education in Rural Yakutia in the 1960–1980s
Authors:   Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous Peoples Problems  of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vinokurova Lilia I.
Published: January 2024

The present article hinges primarily on the research of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources of rural Yakutia in the Soviet period. The regional experience in implementing the policy of introduc-ing secondary universal education in rural areas is considered. Republican measures to involve working youth in a flexible educational system through educational and advisory centers, part-time and evening schools are highlighted. Difficulties in providing universal schooling for rural schoolchildren and lagging behind the materi-al and technical base of educational institutions in small and remote settlements are pointed out. According to the study, in the period of 1960–1980s, the network of rural schools of different forms of education expanded in the republic and the number of secondary school students increased. Thanks to targeted campaigns, a real breakthrough in the education system occurred, and the level of general education of rural youth and agricul-tural workers in general was raised.
Archetype, Myth-Making and Individualism: Dominants of the Philosophy of Romanticism
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)  of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Davydkin Viktor S.
Published: January 2024

The study of the specifics of the segment of Eastern mythology is an urgent issue of cultural studies. Multivari-ate archetypes in world cultures, which have been constructed for centuries as a result of complex historical interaction, significantly form the current context of cultural realities. One of the little-studied phenomena re-mains the ancient Indian mythological stratum, which has repeatedly undergone changes in the consciousness of Western European cultures. The article analyzes the features of their interpretation and further perception as general cultural values, as well as the processes of penetration of the mythological segment and its role in the formation of ideas about the East, the further development of scientific discourse in self-determination, which arose as a response to cultural transformations. In the course of the analytical work, it was concluded that in the vast majority of cases, the original mythological images were transformed under the influence of new funda-mental trends inherent in the relationship between secular and religious values.
Philosophy of Nature in the Worldview of V.F. Ern
Authors:   Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”, Ishutin Alexander A.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the natural philosophical views of the bright representative of Russian religious philosophy Vladimir Fedorovich Ern. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the Russian philosopher opposes two mutual-ly exclusive worldview positions in understanding nature: meonism and ontologism. Meonism manifested itself in radical rationalism, which perceives nature exclusively as dead schemes; utilitarianism, which regards na-ture only from the point of view of momentary practical benefit; cardinal pantheism, which is engaged in mixing nature and God, without actually recognizing their subjectivity; solipsism, for which nature is just a bundle of sensations; and even Kantianism, for which the gap between phenomena and noumena is absolutely fatal. The main epistemological task of the genuine philosophy of logism, according to V.F. Ern, is the elimination of separation from Nature as Being. The most important source of the logistic worldview of nature is the Orthodox East, according to V.F. Ern. The same truth is revealed in nature as in the Holy Scriptures, and the truth can be extracted from nature even without a written revelation. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the philosophy of nature by V.F. Ern remains relevant in the modern world. The Russian thinker paid great at-tention to the search for the philosophical origins of human interaction with nature. In the modern world, a per-son faces serious environmental problems, but this is only a consequence of various variants of meonism, dis-closed in detail by V.F. Ern in his works.
Gender as a Socio-Cultural Phenomenon
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Rykovskova Lyudmila A.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to define the content of the concepts of gender and gender culture as socio-cultural phenomena. The method of comparative critical analysis of alternative interpretations of these constructs is used, on the basis of which an integral approach to understanding gender and gender culture is formulated. It is noted that the former characterizes the sociocultural functions of sexes and the system of interpersonal rela-tions between men and women. It includes images that reflect physiological and social differences between the sexes, social and cultural norms of behavior, as well as the system of social interactions between their rep-resentatives. The gender culture of society is defined as the system of organization of intersex relations that has developed in the social structure, including the balance of interpersonal interactions, gender standards of masculinity and femininity; norms in the sphere of communication (legal, moral, religious, etc.), stereotypes of behavior of representatives of different sexes. Gender culture of an individual is the consciousness and self-consciousness of the individual in the context of belonging to the male or female sex. In addition, the gender consciousness of an individual is the subject's perception of gender and the relationship between men and women. Gender self-awareness of an individual is gender self-identity, that is, who an individual imagines himself to be, and on the basis of which an individual’s gender behavior is formed. The concepts of gender and gender culture as sociocultural phenomena are methodological tools for studying the specifics and dynamics of specific gender cultures emerging in certain sociocultural public systems.
The Concept and Essence of Resocialization in the Social and Philosophical Sciences
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Kobylkina Anastasiia V.
Published: January 2024

The choice of the topic is due to the increased importance of scientific research on the process of socialization and the actualization of the problem of resocialization due to the transition to a completely new stage in the study of global issues of development and transformation of human ideological foundations in modern society, the value-normative system, as well as human orientation to this system. Research on the process of resociali-zation is aimed at studying the mechanisms and methods that help a person adapt to new living conditions, master new norms, values, attitudes and patterns of behavior. As part of this article, a comparative analysis of scientific concepts of the resocialization is carried out, its place in the problem field of modern foreign and Rus-sian sciences is determined, and the essence of this phenomenon in the changing world is considered. Con-clusion dwells upon the fact that the problem of resocialization should be raised not only in social sciences, but also in philosophical sciences, in particular, it can become a subject of research within the framework of philo-sophical anthropology, since its main goal is to study the transformation of an individual’s personality, his per-ceptions of the world and his attitude towards society and culture.
FLOUTING AND VIOLATION OF MAXIMS IN “A MAN CALLED OTTO” MOVIE
Authors: Ramadanti Salma Salsabila , Insani Hanifa Mutiara , Rodliya Zakiya , Hilyati Rahma Alya , Sari Sujatna Eva Tuckyta
Published: January 2024

The application of the maxim principle can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the conversations. Grice’s four cooperative principles of maxims allow us to assume that the people having a conversation are working together to create an effective conversation. This research aims to identify the most frequent flouting and violations of maxims committed by the characters in “A Man Called Otto” movie and to determine the factors that cause these flouting and violations. By applying a qualitative approach, the results show that all types of maxims are flouted and violated in the movie. The study argues that the causes of the flouting and violations are lacking of understanding, and avoiding a certain topic, especially on the maxim of quality and relation. Focus on the topic, respond appropriately, and provide accurate and truthful information are the keys to effective and honest communication that remains relevant, coherent, and conducive.
Effect of an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra) on isolated equine digital vessels
Authors: Galey F. D. , Beasley V. R. , Schaeffer D. , Davis L. E.
Published: January 2024

An aqueous extract was made from black walnut (Juglans nigra) heartwood obtained in the fall of the year. Ten hours after nasogastric administration of 5 L of the extract, a 550-kg, 13-yr-old Quarter Horse gelding experienced Obel grade-3 laminitis.

The effect of aqueous extract of black walnut on vascular contractility was then tested, using isolated equine digital arteries and veins. The vessels were maintained in Krebs bicarbonate buffer with 95% oxygen at 37 C. The extract did not induce a direct contractile effect. It did, however, reversibly enhance the vasoconstriction induced in the isolated vessels by administration of epinephrine potentiated with hydrocortisone.

In contrast, aqueous extracts made, using the same techniques, from the shavings of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), and pin oak (Quercus palustrus) had no effect on epinephrine-induced digital vessel contractions.
Effect of muramyl dipeptide on immunogenicity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis whole-cell vaccines in mice and lambs
Authors: Brogden Kim A. , Chedid Louis , Cutlip Randall C. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Sacks Jerome
Published: January 2024

Colostrum-deprived lambs and CF1 mice were vaccinated with water-in-oil emulsion vaccines containing nonviable whole cells (wc) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with and without muramyl dipeptide (mdp). Efficacy of vaccines was determined from the survival of mice and lesions in lambs after IV injection of 104 colony-forming units of C pseudotuberculosis. In mice, protection was related to the concentration of wc in the vaccine. At 50, 100, or 150 μg of wc, protection was good (78.8%). At 10 or 25 μg of wc, protection was considerably less (54.7%). At high wc concentrations, protection could only be moderately increased to 82.3% with high (50 and 100 μg) concentrations of mdp or increased to 90% protection with low (5 and 10 μg) concentrations of mdp. At low wc concentrations, protection significantly decreased to 32% (P < 0.025) with high concentrations of mdp, but significantly increased to 72.5% (P < 0.025) with low concen-trations of mdp. Therefore, the amount of protection with lower concentrations of wc and mdp was comparable with the amount of protection with higher concentrations of wc without mdp.

In lambs, high prechallenge antibody titers (geometric mean titers from 5.1 to 5.4 by day 35) were observed after vaccination with wc. Protection and vaccination site abscesses in lambs were related to the concentration of wc and mdp. Pulmonary or vaccination site abscesses were not observed in 4 of 4 lambs vaccinated with 1 mg of wc + 50 μg of mdp.
Effects of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and replacement therapy on the bacterial flora of the duodenum in dogs
Authors: Simpson Kenneth W. , Batt Roger M. , Jones Dorothy , Morton David B.
Published: January 2024

The influence of pancreatic secretions on the bacterial flora of the small intestine in 6 dogs was investigated by determining effects of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on numbers and types of bacteria in duodenal juice, and by examining the subsequent response to dietary supplementation with bovine pancreatic extract. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was induced by ligation of pancreatic ducts and was confirmed by indirect assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. Duct ligation was followed by large increases (P < 0.01) in total numbers of bacteria, reflecting increased numbers particularly of Lactobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp, in 3 dogs accompanied by obligate anaerobes. Total numbers of aerobes and anaerobes decreased markedly (P < 0.05) after supplementation with bovine pancreatic extract to values that were not significantly different from those determined before duct ligation. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency therefore resulted in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth that was reversed by pancreatic replacement therapy, indicating that pancreatic secretions can have an important influence on the small intestinal bacterial flora of dogs.
Effect of diet on Heinz body formation in kittens
Authors: Hickman Mary Anne , Rogers Quinton R. , Morris James G.
Published: January 2024

Heinz body formation was examined in kittens, in response to consumption of a variety of diets. A commercial salmon-based diet containing 16.5 mg of nitrite, 39 mg of histamine, and 210,000 IU of vitamin A/kg of diet (dry-matter basis) was found to induce Heinz body formation. Purified experimental diets—containing nitrite up to 405 mg/kg; histamine, 50 mg/kg; histamine, 50 mg/kg plus nitrite, 45 mg/kg; or vitamin A, 250,000 IU/kg—failed to induce Heinz body formation.

The effect of propylene glycol (pg) on Heinz body formation was examined by giving groups of 6 kittens purified diets containing 5 or 10% pg for 12 weeks. Two additional kittens were fed a commercial soft-moist diet containing pg for 12 weeks. All kittens fed pg developed Heinz bodies, with peak values for erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies being: 28% for kittens of the 10% pg group; 20% for kittens of the 5% pg group; and 36% for kittens of the soft-moist diet group. Kittens did not develop anemia or methemoglobinemia. Heinz body percentage required 6 to 8 weeks to decrease to the pretreatment value of < 1% after diets containing pg were discontinued.

51Chromium-labeled erythrocytes were used to evaluate erythrocyte survival in 4 kittens of the 10% pg-fed group and in 4 control kittens. Kittens with Heinz body formation induced by 10% pg had significantly (P < 0.001) decreased erythrocyte survival, compared with that for controls, with half-life of 8.3 days for kittens of the pg group, compared with 12.6 days for kittens of the control group.
Diagnosis of nitrate toxicosis in cattle, using biological fluids and a rapid ion chromatographic method
Authors: Boermans Herman J.
Published: January 2024

An ion chromatographic method was used to simultaneously determine nitrate and nitrite ions in biological samples. Ultrafiltration was used to produce a proteinfree filtrate. Chloride interferences were eliminated by precipitation as the silver salt. Detection limits and average recoveries were 0.5 mg/L and 102% for nitrate and 0.2 mg/L and 78% for nitrite, respectively. Nitrate concentration was 2.1 ± 1.8 mg/L and 4.9 ± 0.8 mg/L in serum and ocular fluid of healthy cattle, respectively; nitrite was not detected.

A severe case of nitrate poisoning in cattle was described and used to study the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in samples obtained under natural conditions. Nitrate concentration of acutely poisoned cattle was 35% lower in ocular fluid at 158.1 ± 51.4 mg/L, than in serum at 256.3 ± 113.4 mg/L. Nitrite was not detected, because of the long processing time (> 3 hours) required for samples obtained in the field. A gradual decrease in ocular fluid nitrate of 29.4% at 24 hours, 25.9% at 36 hours, 51.6% at 48 hours, and 73.2% at 60 hours was observed; however, concentrations remained diagnostically significant (73.2 mg/L) 60 hours after death. Twenty-four hours after poisoning, the serum nitrate concentration of severely ill (52.7 ± 51.9 mg/L) and moderately affected (12.4 ± 5.7 mg/L) cattle that survived was indicative of the severity of clinical signs previously observed. Nitrate in serum and ocular fluid was stable in samples stored for 24 hours at 23 C, 1 week at 4 C, and 1 month at −20 C.
Effects of bovine mammary secretion during the early nonlactating period and antibiotics on polymorphonuclear neutrophil function and morphology
Authors: Lintner T. J. , Eberhart R. J.
Published: January 2024

The effect of bovine mammary secretion during the early nonlactating period and of antibiotic preparations on bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) phagocytic function and morphology were evaluated in a series of in vitro multifactorial experiments. Benzathine cloxacillin (cl), benzathine cephapirin (ce), sodium novobiocin (no), and a combination of dihydrostreptomycin with procaine penicillin G (dp) were prepared in the presence and absence of a peanut oil aluminum monostearate vehicle. The pmn were isolated from bovine blood, and the effect of each antibiotic preparation on pmn function and morphology was evaluated in a buffer, fat, skim, and a combination of fat with skim from bovine mammary secretion during the nonlactating period. The fat and skim were diluted with buffer to approximate their concentration in mammary secretion. Phagocytic functions of pmn were monitored by fluorescent microscopy, which made it possible to estimate both ingestion and intracellular killing of bacteria by pmn. Changes in pmn morphology were monitored by transmission electron microscopy.

The ability of PMN to ingest and kill Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was significantly decreased by fat, skim, cl, ce, no, and dp. Effects of some antibiotics on ingestion and killing of bacteria by pmn were influenced by the addition of vehicle and by interactions with mammary secretion. Neutrophil morphology was altered by fat, skim, cl, ce, no, and dp. The detrimental effects of cl, ce, no, and dp on pmn morphology were influenced (some significantly) by the presence of vehicle and interactions with mammary secretion. There were significant correlations among secretion- and antibiotic-induced changes in pmn ingestion of bacteria, pmn killing of bacteria, and pmn morphology.
Anatomy of the laryngeal and adjacent regions as perceived by palpation of clinically normal standing horses
Authors: McCarthy P. H.
Published: January 2024

The anatomy of each feature and structure of the laryngeal and adjacent regions, as perceived by palpation, is described for clinically normal standing horses. Visible skin contours produced by some of the superficial structures are also described. Concurrent dissection was performed on fresh cadavers to confirm initial findings. The procedure of systematic palpation in relation to clinical diagnosis and surgical procedure is discussed.
X-ray-computed tomography, nephrotomography, and ultrasonography of the adrenal glands of healthy dogs
Authors: Voorhout George
Published: January 2024

X-ray-computed tomography (CT), nephrotomography, and ultrasonography were performed in 10 clinically healthy dogs (weighing 14 to 33 kg) to visualize the adrenal glands. In all 10 dogs, CT enabled visualization of both adrenal glands. Cross-sectional diameter was measured accurately. The size and shape of CT sections of the adrenal glands varied widely because of individual differences in the actual size and shape of the adrenal glands and because of their position in the plane of the CT scans.

In 5 dogs, nephrotomography enabled visualization of 1 or both adrenal glands as oblong craniocaudal-directed densities in the craniodorsal portion of the abdomen. In 7 dogs, transverse ultrasonography enabled visualization of 1 or both adrenal glands as round or oval hypoechoic structures in the surrounding hyperechoic fat.
Evaluation of a commercial staphylococcal bacterin for management of idiopathic recurrent superficial pyoderma in dogs
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Moriello Karen A. , Thomas Chester B. , Schultz Kevin T.
Published: January 2024

Twenty-one dogs with idiopathic superficial recurrent pyoderma were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial staphylococcal bacterin. The study spanned an 18-week period. All dogs were administered sodium oxacillin orally for the initial 6 weeks of the study. Dogs were given the bacterin or placebo sc, twice weekly at 3- or 4-day intervals, beginning at week 0 and continuing for 18 weeks. Dogs given antibiotics plus the bacterin (n = 13) hada significantly (P < 0.05) better treatment response than those given antibiotic plus placebo.
Study of long-term survival after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Niebauer Gert W. , Eigenmann Joseph E. , Van Winkle Thomas J.
Published: January 2024

Experimental hypophysectomies were performed in 7 clinically normal dogs, using a new modification of the transsphenoidal approach. This approach facilitated centering of the sphenoid bone trephination and allowed safe exposure of the hypophysis regardless of the size or shape of a dog's skull. Complications did not occur during surgery and all dogs recovered well from surgery. Growth hormone secretory capacity was measured over a 3-month period to assess completeness of hypophysectomies. One dog was euthanatized 2 months after surgery, 4 dogs were euthanatized at 3 months after surgery, and 2 dogs were allowed to survive and their progress was followed for 2.5 years. Soft palate dehiscence and keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in 2 of the dogs. The technical deficiencies responsible for these complications were corrected shortly after the beginning of the study. In 4 of the 5 necropsied dogs, minute remnants of adenohypophyseal tissue were found in the sellae turcicae. Measurement of in vivo growth hormone secretory capacity revealed that these remnants had an altered stage of functional activity. Although complete hypophysectomy was not achieved consistently, the main technical obstacle of hypophysectomy, the reliable identification and the avoidance of the vascular structures surrounding the hypophysis, has seemingly been overcome. The surgical technique proved to enhance the safety of hypophysectomy, and the procedure can be recommended to treat clinical cases of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The clinical significance of potential subtotal hypophysectomy remains yet to be evaluated.
Range of viral neutralizing activity and molecular specificity of antibodies induced in cattle by inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines
Authors: Bolin Steven R. , Ridpath Julia F.
Published: January 2024

The range of neutralizing activity to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and viral protein specificity of antibodies induced by 3 inactivated vaccines were evaluated by use of samples of sera obtained from 13 cattle 14 days after vaccination. Viral neutralizing antibodies were detected in all cattle to each of 10 noncytopathic and 10 cytopathic isolates of bvd virus. A viral-induced polypeptide (53,000 to 56,000 daltons) was detected by radioimmunoprecipitation with serum from all vaccinates. Other viral-induced polypeptides of 115,000, 80,000, 48,000, and 25,000 daltons were precipitated with sera from some vaccinates. Precipitation of those polypeptides was related to the vaccine used. When multiple viral polypeptides were precipitated, the 53,000- to 56,000-dalton polypeptide appeared immunodominant.