bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algunas reflexiones sobre la localización comunitaria de software libre
Authors: García Fernández Juan Rafael
Published: July 2017

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre las herramientas libres de apoyo a la calidad en la traducción aparecidas en los últimos años y el estado actual de conocimiento y uso de dichas herramientas tanto en el mundo del software libre como en el sector profesional. Se intenta responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Han seguido evolucionando las aplicaciones libres disponibles o se han estancado? ¿Los grupos de traductores explotan suficientemente los recursos tecnológicos disponibles y mantienen criterios de calidad y integridad del flujo de la traducción? ¿Se avanza hacia la traducción social? Para tener elementos de juicio, pondremos a prueba el estado de las herramientas para, primero, en el uso clásico, traducir los mensajes y la interfaz de usuario de un programa elegido al azar (el fichero en formato PO de la aplicación de uso creciente en educación ExeLearning) y, en segundo lugar, ver cómo se vertería un documento creado con un editor de textos convencional descargado de la red.
La investigación en traducción y calidad, cosa de dos
Authors: Sánchez-Gijón Pilar
Published: July 2017

La calidad en traducción es un concepto latente en la investigación de los Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación. Para valorar si una traducción es de calidad o no generalmente se cuenta con dos elementos: un marco para fijar la categoría de errores y valorar su puntuación, y un revisor o un conjunto de revisores que apliquen el marco. Sin embargo, resulta muy habitual encontrarse con investigaciones cuyos resultados son inconsistentes entre sí debido a la subjetividad en la aplicación de la categoría de errores. Este artículo se propone hacer hincapié en aquellos aspectos metodológicos que permitan superar las limitaciones provocadas por la subjetividad.
New localities of Sarcodontia crocea (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in Poland
Authors: Szczepkowski Andrzej , Gierczyk Błażej , Borowski Jerzy , Neubauer Grzegorz
Published: July 2017

Sarcodontia crocea is a fungus relatively rarely recorded in Central and Northern Europe, where as a parasite it grows mainly on old apple trees. The most recent data on the occurrence of this fungus in Poland are presented in this study. Seven new localities of S. crocea are reported, found in the regions of Mazowsze, Podkarpacie, Ziemia Łódzka, and Żuławy Wiślane in the years 2013–2016. The S. crocea basidiomes were recorded on 12 apple trees. The fungus occurrence on Malus pumila ‘Niedzwetzkyana’ was documented for the first time. Four beetle species representing four families were found in the studied S. crocea basidiomes. Their feeding on S. crocea has not been mentioned in the literature so far.
Contribution to the knowledge of three Indian Spermacoce L. (Rubiaceae) and some preliminary information about their pollination ecology
Authors: Raju Aluri Jacob Solomon , Radhakrishna Janga
Published: July 2017

Se han descrito caracteres taxonómicos no documentados para Spermacoce hispida L. y Spermacoce articularis L. S. hispida es bimórfica. Las flores son débilmente protándrica, nectaríferas y auto-polinizadoras. Las mariposas, las abejas y los trips son importantes como polinizadores. El conjunto de fruta natural más elevado que se evidencia en estas especies se atribuye a autopolinización y entomofilia. Los frutos la dehiscencia es septicida en S. hispida y S. articularis, y circunscisa en Spermacoce pusilla Wall. La dispersión de las semillas es anemo-, baro-, ombro- e hidrocórica. Estas especies ocupan diferentes hábitats para evitar la competencia por los polinizadores y maximizar la producción de semillas y ampliar su rango de distribución.

Undocumented taxonomic characters have been described for Spermacoce hispida L. and Spermacoce articularis L. S. hispida is bimorphic. The flowers are weakly protandrous, nectariferous and self-pollinating. Butterflies, bees and thrips are important as pollinators. The highest natural fruit set evidenced in these species is attributed to auto-selfing and entomophily. Fruits dehisce septicidally in S. hispida and S. articularis and circumscissile mode in Spermacoce pusilla Wall. Seed dispersal is anemo-, baro-, ombro- and hydro-chorous. These species occupy different habitats to avoid competition for pollinators and maximize seed output and expand their distribution range.
Desarrollo de un modelo de predicción de la eficacia para la publicidad social
Authors: Baños González Miguel , Rodríguez García Teresa C.
Published: July 2017

La publicidad social se ha convertido en un instrumento, cada vez más frecuentemente utilizado, en manos de las organizaciones. Un tipo de comunicación que muestra unas particularidades que aconsejan analizarla desde una perspectiva que proporcione herramientas diseñadas expresamente para enfrentarse a los problemas que se plantean en este campo.Con el desarrollo de un modelo específico para la publicidad social, los anunciantes podrán predecir la eficacia de este tipo de cam-pañas. La elaboración de este modelo de estimación de eficacia parte de un análisis documental de autores que han trabajado en el ámbito de la investigación publicitaria, con el objetivo de definir las variables de análisis más adecuadas e integrarlas, a continuación, dentro de un proceso de análisis de contenido predictivo aplicado a la publicidad social.
Trends in high arctic muskox (Ovibos moschatus) harvest, 1990-2015
Authors: Anderson Morgan
Published: July 2017

Harvest reporting has been in place for High Arctic muskoxen in Nunavut, Canada, since 1990-91. The communities of Resolute, Grise Fiord, and Arctic Bay harvest muskoxen in the region. Overall, muskox harvest has declined in Resolute and Grise Fiord since the 1990s. The recovery of Peary caribou populations on the Bathurst Island Complex, which provides an alternate preferred source of country food, may be a factor behind Resolute’s decreased muskox harvest. The proportion of harvest for domestic use has also declined relative to sport hunts, which have remained relatively constant since the 1990s. We compared muskox harvest from tag records and reported harvest, i.e., the voluntary surveys to the Nunavut Wildlife Harvest Study for muskoxen. It is clear that voluntarily reported harvest underestimates actual harvest, but not consistently enough to predict the actual harvest. Muskox populations are at historic high levels on Bathurst Island, southern Ellesmere Island, and Devon Island and could support more harvest than is currently taken. Changes to Total Allowable Harvests and management unit boundaries in 2015, combined with a decline in the availability of Baffin Island caribou as country food, may result in increased harvest pressure on muskoxen in the High Arctic.
Trends in Oral and Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions in the US, 2013-2023
Authors: Mann Laura M. , Zhu Weiming , Huang Ya-Lin A. , Kourtis Athena P. , Fanfair Robyn Neblett , Hoover Karen W.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the prescribing trends of 3 oral preexposure prophylaxis medications and a long-acting injectable option from 2013 to 2023.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Path to Sustainable Obesity Care
Authors: Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Teufel Felix , Venter Willem D. F.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the optimal treatment duration of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in people with obesity and the benefits of off-ramping, the tapering of these antiobesity medications following an initial treatment period.
Experience of Violence During Homelessness
Authors: Hargrave Anita S. , Garcia Cheyenne M. , Birkmeyer Jennafer A. , DeGaetano Angelica , Kushel Margot
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study reports the prevalence and odds of physical and/or sexual violence among unhoused adults in California.
Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Sciatica From Herniated Disk
Authors: Tu Jian-Feng , Shi Guang-Xia , Yan Shi-Yan , Ni Guang-Xia , Yu Fang-Ting , Cai Guo-Wei , Liu Zhi-Shun , Ma Chao-Yang , Wang Li-Qiong , Yang Jing-Wen , Zhou Xiao-Qing , Meng Xiu-Li , Fu Hai-Yang , Li Jing , Wan Wen-Jun , Sun Tian-Heng , Wang Xue-Zhou , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: October 2024

Importance

Sciatica is commonly caused by herniated lumbar disc and contributes to severe pain and prolonged disability. Although acupuncture is widely used by patients with chronic sciatica, the evidence of its efficacy is scarce.

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in patients with chronic sciatica from herniated disk.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This was a multicenter 2-arm randomized clinical trial conducted in 6 tertiary-level hospitals in China of patients with chronic sciatica from herniated disk. Participants were recruited from March 25, 2021, to September 23, 2021, with a final follow-up through September 22, 2022. Data analyses were performed from December 2022 to March 2023.

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of acupuncture (n = 110) or sham acupuncture (n = 110) over 4 weeks. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The 2 coprimary outcomes were changes in visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes were adverse events.

Results

A total of 216 patients (mean [SD] age, 51.3 [15.2] years; 147 females [68.1%] and 69 males [31.9%]) were included in the analyses. The VAS for leg pain decreased 30.8 mm in the acupuncture group and 14.9 mm in the sham acupuncture group at week 4 (mean difference, −16.0; 95% CI, −21.3 to −10.6; P < .001). The ODI decreased 13.0 points in the acupuncture group and 4.9 points in the sham acupuncture group at week 4 (mean difference, −8.1; 95% CI, −11.1 to −5.1; P < .001). For both VAS and ODI, the between-group difference became apparent starting in week 2 (mean difference, −7.8; 95% CI, −13.0 to −2.5; P = .004 and −5.3; 95% CI, −8.4 to −2.3; P = .001, respectively) and persisted through week 52 (mean difference, −10.8; [95% CI, −16.3 to −5.2; P < .001; and −4.8; 95% CI, −7.8 to −1.7; P = .003, respectively). No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial found that in patients with chronic sciatica from herniated disk, acupuncture resulted in less pain and better function compared with sham acupuncture at week 4, and these benefits persisted through week 52. Acupuncture should be considered as a potential treatment option for patients with chronic sciatica from a herniated disk.

Trial Registration

Chictr.org Identifier: ChiCTR2100044585
Utility of Artificial Intelligence–Generative Draft Replies to Patient Messages
Authors: English Eden , Laughlin Janelle , Sippel Jeffrey , DeCamp Matthew , Lin Chen-Tan
Published: October 2024

This quality improvement study analyzes the usefulness of patient message replies drafted by artificial intelligence for various health care practitioners.
Layperson-Administered Naloxone Trends Reported in Emergency Medical Service Activations, 2020-2022
Authors: Gage Christopher B. , Powell Jonathan R. , Ulintz Alexander , Cash Rebecca E. , Lyons Michael S. , Wang Henry , Panchal Ashish R.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Layperson-administered naloxone (LAN) is a powerful but incompletely characterized intervention to prevent opioid-related overdose mortality. LAN trends are relevant to policy and strategic planning in naloxone distribution initiatives.

Objective

To assess the 2-year LAN trend for persons in the United States receiving naloxone during emergency medical services (EMS) activations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the United States from June 2020 to June 2022 among 65 621 195 EMS activations from 911 responses, EMS standbys, or when EMS crews functioned in an ambulance intercept role or during mutual aid to another ambulance response. Activations within health care settings and interfacility or medical transports were excluded. Data are from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), the national EMS patient care record database. From June 2020 to June 2022, NEMSIS included more than 96 million EMS activations from nearly 14 000 agencies across 54 states and territories.

Exposures

EMS clinician–reported LAN.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was the trend of receiving LAN, measured by EMS clinician documentation.

Results

From June 2020 to June 2022, EMS reported 744 078 patients receiving naloxone, with 24 990 (3.4%) involving LAN. Patients were predominantly male (17 331 [69.4%]) and had a median (IQR) age of 42 (31-56) years, with the majority treated in urban homes or residences (21 692 [86.8%] urban; 13 223 [52.9%] in-home or residence). Of the total naloxone recipients, 243 985 patients (32.8%) had suspected drug overdose documentation as either the primary or secondary impression. Overall, the percentage change in naloxone administration rates decreased 6.1% over the study period (from 1140.1 [95% CI, 1135.1-1145.1] per 100 000 EMS activations to 1070.1 [95% CI, 1064.9-1075.3] per 100 000 EMS activations), while the percentage change of persons receiving LAN increased 43.5% (from 30.0 [95% CI, 29.2-30.8] per 100 000 EMS activations to 43.1 [95% CI, 42.0-44.1] per 100 000 EMS activations).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, the LAN rate increased from June 2020 to June 2022 as reported in the national EMS database. These findings help inform policies and practices aimed at mitigating the devastating impacts of the opioid epidemic and saving lives. Novel public health strategies are needed to measure the effects of this intervention nationally, evaluate approaches to expand naloxone distribution, and address naloxone usage barriers.
The Child Opportunity Index and Other Social Determinants of Health Neighborhood Indexes
Authors: Bucholz Emily M. , McCormick Amanda D. , Ronai Christina
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the relationship between the COI and other neighborhood-level indexes that are commonly used in pediatric studies.
State Social Expenditures and Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in the US
Authors: Chang Lawrence , Puls Henry T. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Colvin Jeffrey D. , Chung Paul J. , Lee Lois K.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Adverse birth outcomes in the US, including preterm birth and low birth weight, are strongly tied to socioeconomic disadvantage and disproportionately impact infants of Black mothers. Increasing investments in social programs represents a potential policy approach to addressing disparities in birth outcomes.

Objective

To examine state-level associations of government expenditures on social programs with rates of preterm birth and low birth weight both overall and by race.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional, ecological study was conducted among liveborn infants in the 50 US states between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019. Data analysis was performed from May 2022 to May 2024.

Exposures

Yearly state and local government expenditures per low-income person on social programs in the following categories: state refundable Earned Income Tax Credit; cash assistance; childcare assistance; housing and community development; and public health.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Yearly state-level rates of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g).

Results

From January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, there were 35.1 million live births in the US, of which 3.4 million (9.8%) were preterm and 2.8 million (8.1%) were low birth weight. Median (IQR) state social expenditures per low-income person were $1546 ($1074-$2323). Greater total state social expenditures were associated with lower overall rates of preterm birth (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] for every increase of $1000 per low-income person, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-0.999) but not with overall rates of low birth weight. In secondary analyses, greater state social expenditures were associated with lower preterm birth rates for infants of Black mothers (aPR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.999). Greater state expenditures specifically on cash assistance (aPR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.94) and housing and community development (aPR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98) were associated with lower preterm birth rates for infants of Black mothers.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional, ecological study, greater state-level expenditures on social programs were associated with reduced rates of preterm birth, particularly for infants of Black mothers. State and local governments may consider bolstering investments in cash assistance and housing and community development to address maternal and infant health disparities.
Enhancing Albendazole Delivery Using Mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous‐15: A Box‐Behnken Design Study
Authors: Gallo Loreana , Bonne Magali , Bucalá Verónica , Adrover María Esperanza
Published: October 2024

Over 70% of pharmaceutical compounds face the challenge of poor water solubility, which impacts on their bioavailability. This study focuses on the use of Santa Barbara Amorphous‐15 (SBA‐15) mesoporous silica material as carrier, which is synthesized and characterized to address this limitation. Albendazole (ABZ), an antiparasitic agent with low water solubility, serves as model drug. A Box‐Behnken design (BBD) is used to investigate the impact of immersion method loading factors (temperature: 25–50 °C, time: 24–72 h, and SBA‐15 amount: 83.2–252.0 mg) on drug loading percentage (DL%) and dissolution efficiency (DE%). The ABZ loading is confirmed by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Stability tests are performed, comparing drug dissolution profiles and X‐ray diffraction patterns immediately after loading and after 12 months of storage at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH%). DL% varies between 18% and 36% (w/w), showing that the amount of SBA‐15 is the most significant factor on DL%. The lowest SBA‐15 amount yielded the highest DL%. Regarding DE%, all the design samples exhibit higher values than pure ABZ, with the amount of SBA‐15 being the primary influencing factor. Several samples from the BBD show high DE% (>70%) corresponding to high DL% values. After 12 months, most samples maintain similar dissolution profiles, demonstrating the good stability of the drug in the carrier over time. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing the loading process to enhance ABZ solubility and long‐term stability using mesoporous SBA‐15.
Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of ZGH451 Superalloy Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Hou Xingyu , Qin Xindong , Sun Yuan , Wang Shiyang , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Hongwei , Cui Chuanyong , Wang Zhuqing , Liu Shiwei , Li Jinguo , Zhou Yizhou
Published: October 2024

ZGH451, a directionally solidified Ni‐based superalloy designed for additive manufacturing, has garnered significant attention in the realm of next‐generation turbine blades. Welding the ZGH451 superalloy is crucial for promoting its practical application. In this study, transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is applied to weld ZGH451 superalloy produced through directed energy deposition. A Ni‐based interlayer alloy powder is developed and prepared via thermodynamic calculation, with the interlayer subsequently characterized using differential thermal analysis. TLP bonding is conducted at 1200 °C for 4 h. The influence of the preset gap on the joint microstructure and mechanical properties is examined. The microstructure of the TLP bonding joints comprises athermally solidified zones (ASZ), isothermally solidified zones, and diffusion‐affected zones. The ASZ width significantly increases with the growing preset gap. A preset gap not exceeding 100 μm enables complete isothermal solidification of the joints. Particularly, joints with a preset gap ranging from 0 to 30 μm demonstrate optimal reliability, exhibiting a tensile strength of up to 1375 MPa at room temperature, which is 12% higher than the room temperature strength of the base metal (BM), and a tensile strength of 983 MPa at 760 °C, surpassing 86% of the BM's strength at the same temperature.
Advances in Multiscale Modeling and Mechanical Properties Characterization of 3D‐Braided Composites
Authors: Zhang Ningxin , Kong Xiangxia , Zhai Junjun , Guo Zeteng , Yan Shi , Duan Yakai , Zheng Zijian
Published: October 2024

The 3D‐braided composites have been widely used in aerospace and other fields due to the excellent mechanical properties, designability, and resistance to delamination. Accurately analyzing and evaluating mechanical properties of braided composite structures is the key, which successfully designs related structural components. However, 3D‐braided composites have complex internal meso–microscopic structures, and directly establishing a solid structure model to predict mechanical behavior poses certain challenges. The multiscale research methods are a type of approach that studies the cross‐scale structural characteristics at macro–meso–microscopic scales and couples relevant scales into a whole. Its emergence provides the possibility for evaluating the overall structural performance of 3D‐braided composites. In this article, first, the multiscale analysis models of 3D‐multidirectional‐braided composites are reviewed, and then the theoretical and numerical research progress on the static and dynamic multiscale mechanical performance of regular components of 3D‐braided composites is summarized. In addition, due to the distortion and variation of geometric shapes of 3D‐braided composites on the meso–microscopic structure; therefore, also in this article, the research progress on multiscale mechanical performance characteristics of special‐shaped components is summarized. Finally, the key problems in the multiscale research of 3D‐braided composites are presented.
Autophagy Blockage Enhancing Photothermal and Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy Based on HCQ/CuS Nanoplatform
Authors: Wei Ziye , Si Weili , Huang Mingjing , Lu Man , Wang Wenjun , Liang Chen , Dong Xiaochen , Cai Yu
Published: October 2024

As an intracellular protective mechanism, autophagy has the potential to significantly impair the therapeutic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which helps cancer cells survive under harsh conditions, such as high temperature and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, an autophagy blockage enhanced PTT and CDT synergistic therapy nanoplatform is constructed by loading hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with autophagy inhibitory effect into hollow copper sulfide (HCuS). Specifically, HCuS produces toxic ROS through Fenton‐like reaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). At the same time, PTT‐mediated temperature elevation of the tumor region accelerates the Fenton‐like reaction and ROS production, enhancing the therapeutic effect of CDT. Furthermore, the internal autophagy inhibitor HCQ significantly blocks the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes by deacidifying lysosomes, cutting off the self‐protection mechanism of cancer cells, and amplifying the combined treatment of PTT and CDT. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the combination of photothermal‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy with inhibition of autophagy provides new insights into designing multifunctional therapeutic nanoagents.
Protein Nanoparticles for Targeted SARS‐CoV‐2 Trapping and Neutralization
Authors: Fornt‐Suñé Marc , Puertas Maria C. , Martinez‐Picado Javier , García‐Pardo Javier , Ventura Salvador
Published: October 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to challenge global health despite widespread vaccination efforts, underscoring the need for innovative strategies to combat emerging infectious diseases effectively. Herein, LCB1‐NPs and LCB3‐NPs are engineered as a novel class of protein‐only nanoparticles formed through coiled coil‐driven self‐assembly and tailored to interact specifically with the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. The multivalency of LCB1‐NPs and LCB3‐NPs offers a strategy for efficiently targeting and neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2 both in solution and when immobilized on surfaces. It is demonstrated that LCB1‐NPs and LCB3‐NPs bind to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein's receptor‐binding domain (RBD) with high affinity, effectively blocking the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐like particles into angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)‐coated human cells. The cost‐effectiveness, scalability, and straightforward production process of these protein nanoparticles make them suitable for developing novel anti‐viral materials. Accordingly, it is shown how these nanostructures can be packed into columns to build up economic and highly potent trapping devices for SARS‐CoV‐2 adsorption.
Empowering the Sustainable Development of High‐End Alloys via Interpretive Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Fu Huadong , Li Weidong , Jiang Lei , Yong Wei , Sun Jingtai , Chen Long‐Qing , Xie Jianxin
Published: October 2024

The extensive use of scarce, expensive, and toxic elements in high‐performance metal alloys restricts their sustainable development. Here we propose a novel alternative alloying‐element design strategy that combines physicochemical‐factor screening, a “black‐box” interpretative method based on SHapley Additive exPlanation analysis, and sensitivity analyses of elemental influence. A “white‐box” model of alloy compositions and properties is therefore established that enables the rational selection of abundant elements and the efficient designs of alloys with substitution for scarce alloying elements. The success of this design strategy is demonstrated by reducing the Co content in the C70350 alloy series (e.g., Cu‐1.3Ni‐1.4Co‐0.56Si‐0.03Mg (wt.%)). Indeed, Cu‐1.95Ni‐0.5Co‐0.6Si‐0.2Mg‐0.1Cr (wt.%) is obtained as an ultra‐low‐Co‐containing alloy by substituting only a trace amount of Cr for Co in the Cu‐Ni‐Co‐Si‐Mg system, followed by compositional optimization. Although the Co content is reduced by 64% (i.e., from 1.4 to 0.5 wt.%), the properties of the alloy (ultimate tensile strength and electrical conductivity of 850 MPa and 47.2%IACS, respectively) are comparable to those of the C70350 alloy. This study contributes to the sustainable and green development of metallic materials by providing a new avenue for substituting abundant elements for scarce and undesired elements in metal alloys.
Laser‐Induced Self‐Limiting Welding of Ag Nanowires with High Mechanical and Electrical Performance
Authors: Ren Xiaoying , Mei Xuesong , Zhou Jingzhuo , Wang Xuewen , Wei Fengqi , Mei Huanhuan , Zhao Shijun , Lu Yang , Cui Jianlei
Published: October 2024

The high‐efficiency and high‐precision welding technology of Ag nanowires is of great engineering significance for the integration of new‐generation micro‐ and nanodevices, and the mechanical behavior of its interconnect joints is also essential for their reliable application, especially for some flexible device. In this paper, based on the nano‐focusing and localized plasma enhancement properties of Ag nanowires under laser irradiation, Ag nanowire self‐limiting joints with mechanical and electrical properties comparable to those of the base material are obtained. At the same time, the local plasma enhancement characteristics of Ag nanowire joints are scanned and analyzed with nanoscale resolution by using cathodoluminescence technology, and the local multi‐physical field coupling regulation mechanism of Ag nanowire joints induced by different laser parameters is systematically investigated by combining theoretical simulations. Meanwhile, based on the in situ laser welding and nanomechanical tensile experiments, the mechanical properties of single Ag nanowires and their welded joints are systematically analyzed, and the characteristics of the interfacial atomic behaviors and the evolution process during the welding and tensile processes are investigated.
Photoresist Development for 3D Printing of Conductive Microstructures via Two‐Photon Polymerization
Authors: Zhou Xin , Liu Xiaojiang , Gu Zhongze
Published: October 2024

The advancement of electronic devices necessitates the development of three‐dimensional (3D) high‐precision conductive microstructures, which have extensive applications in bio‐electronic interfaces, soft robots, and electronic skins. Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) based 3D printing is a critical technique that offers unparalleled fabrication resolution in 3D space for intricate conductive structures. While substantial progress has been made in this field, this review summarizes recent advances in the 3D printing of conductive microstructures via TPP, mainly focusing on the essential criteria of photoresist resins suitable for TPP. Further preparation strategies of these photoresists and methods for constructing 3D conductive microstructures via TPP are discussed. The application prospects of 3D conductive microstructures in various fields are discussed, highlighting the imperative to advance their additive manufacturing technology. Finally, strategic recommendations are offered to enhance the construction of 3D conductive microstructures using TPP, addressing prevailing challenges and fostering significant advancements in manufacturing technology.
Achieving High Doping Density in pH‐neutral Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Toward Effective Hole‐Transporting Materials for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jiayu , Wang He , Tong Yao , Li Zhe , Wei Zhengrong , Cheng Yuan , An Cunbin , Xu Bowei
Published: October 2024

The lack of effective and non‐corrosive hole‐transporting layer (HTL) materials has remained a long‐standing issue that severely restricts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Most pH‐neutral conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) exhibit inferior performance to the acid‐doped HTL materials due to their low doping density. In this study, a series of pH‐neutral CPEs is designed and synthesized with high doping density as HTL materials. Through an elaborate synthetic route, two sulfonate‐terminating alkoxyl side chains can be introduced into thiophene, by which the electron‐rich, highly soluble, and chemically stable thiophene monomer is synthesized to enable the subsequent polymerization. The CPE PTT‐F exhibit a remarkable self‐doping property with an enhanced doping density from 2.01 × 1017 to 7.02 × 1018 cm−3. The high work function and the increased doping density of PTT‐F‐based HTL decrease the depletion region width from 38.4 to 8.1 nm at the anode interface, which minimized the energy loss in hole transport. Consequently, a binary OSC modified by PTT‐F‐based HTL achieve a high PCE of 18.8%. To the best of the knowledge, this is the highest PCE for OSC employing CPE‐based HTL. The results from this work demonstrate an encouraging achievement of realizing exceptional hole collection ability in pH‐neutral CPEs.
Internal Capsulation Via Self‐Cross‐linking and π‐Effects Achieves Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Zongzhi , Zhang Yuling , Wu Guangzheng , Li Shuang , He Zhangwei , Ou Miaoning , Yuan Haoyu , Li Shuai , Zhu Han , Yu Runnan , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: October 2024

Pursuing high stability becomes the core challenge in realizing the widespread application of perovskite solar cells (PerSCs). Here, a practical internal‐capsulation strategy is proposed by introducing cross‐linkable methacrylate analogs upon the perovskite layer, hindering ion migration and preventing lead leakage to achieve stable PerSCs. Butyl methacrylate (UMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BMA) can chemically interact with the perovskite layer, especially for the BMA dimer with significant π‐interactions among the hanging benzene rings. Such configuration facilitated more compact coordination, thereby restoring the Fermi level of perovskite to a defect‐free state and reducing carrier recombination losses. Moreover, by integrating the self‐cross‐linking and intermolecular π‐effect, the application of BMA upgraded the internal capsulation from linear protection to a compact mesh‐like scale. Consequently, the application of BMA not only boosted the efficiency to 25.31% but also greatly enhanced the stability of the perovskite layer, especially for water resistance and preventing lead linkage. The internal capsulation strategy upgrading from linear to mesh‐like marked an innovative direction in protecting the perovskite layer, paving the way for more sustainable PerSCs in further application.
Tetrahydrofuran Processable Organic Solar Cells with 19.45% Efficiency Realized by Introducing High Molecular Dipole Unit Into the Terpolymer
Authors: Liao Chentong , Xu Xiaopeng , Yang Tongyan , Qiu Wuke , Duan Yuwei , Li Ruipeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang
Published: October 2024

Developing organic solar cells (OSCs) processable with halogen‐free, non‐aromatic solvents is crucial for practical applications, yet challenging due to the limited solubility of most photoactive materials. This study introduces high‐performance terpolymers processable in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by incorporating dithienophthalimide (DPI) into the PM6 backbone. DPI extends the absorption band, lowers HOMO levels, and improves THF solubility and film crystallinity through its large dipole moment effect. Optimal PBD‐10:L8‐BO devices processed with THF achieved a competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.79%, approaching chloroform‐processed devices (19.04%). By introducing PBTz‐F as a second donor, ternary OSCs reached an impressive 19.45% PCE when processed with THF. This improvement stems from enhanced photon generation, improved morphology, better charge transport, longer exciton lifetimes, efficient charge dissociation and collection, and suppressed recombination. These PCEs of 18.79% and 19.45% for binary and ternary blend OSCs, respectively, represent the highest reported efficiencies for OSCs processed with halogen‐free, non‐aromatic solvents. This work demonstrates significant progress in eco‐friendly OSC fabrication, paving the way for more sustainable and commercially viable organic photovoltaic technologies.
Making Sticky‐Slippery Switchable Fluorogels Through Self‐Adaptive Bicontinuous Phase Separation
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Wu Baohu , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi
Published: October 2024

Developing gel materials with tunable frictional properties is crucial for applications in soft robotics, anti‐fouling, and joint protection. However, achieving reversible switching between extreme sticky and slippery states remains a formidable challenge due to the opposing requirements for energy dissipation on gel surfaces. Herein, a self‐adaptive bicontinuous fluorogel is introduced that decouples lubrication and adhesion at varying temperatures. The phase‐separated fluorogel comprises a soft fluorinated lubricating phase and a stiff yet thermal‐responsive load‐bearing phase. At ambient temperature, the fluorogel exhibits a highly slippery surface owing to a low‐energy‐dissipating lubricating layer, demonstrating an ultralow friction coefficient of 0.004. Upon heating, the fluorogel transitions into a highly dissipating state via hydrogen bond dissociation, concurrently releasing adhesive dangling chains to make the surface highly sticky with an adhesion strength of ≈362 kPa. This approach provides a promising foundation for creating advanced adaptive materials with on‐demand self‐adhesive and self‐lubricating capabilities.
Elaborated Bio‐Heterojunction With Robust Sterilization Effect for Infected Tissue Regeneration via Activating Competent Cell‐Like Antibacterial Tactic
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Li Jialun , Yu Zhaohan , Li Jiyao , Liang Kunneng , Deng Yi
Published: October 2024

Phototherapy, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a powerful strategy to combat bacterial infection. However, the compact cell membranes of pathogenic bacteria, especially drug‐resistant bacteria, significantly diminish the efficiency of heat conduction and impede the entrance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) into cells, resulting in unsatisfactory sterilization. Enlightened by the membrane feature of competent bacteria, herein a MXene/CaO2 bio‐heterojunction (MC bio‐HJ) is elaborated to achieve rapid disinfection and promote infected tissue regeneration through activating competent cell‐like antibacterial tactics. The bio‐HJ first compels pathogenic bacteria to become a competent cell‐like stage through the coordination of Ca2+ and membrane phospholipid, and potentiates the membrane permeability. Assisted by near infrared (NIR) irradiation, the heat and ROS generated from PTT and PDT of bio‐HJ easily pass through bacterial membrane and drastically perturb bacterial metabolism, leading to rapid disinfection. More importantly, employing two in vivo infected model of mice, it have corroborated that the MC bio‐HJs not only effectively accelerate MRSA‐infected cutaneous regeneration, but also considerably boost osseointegration in an infected bone defect after coating on orthopedic implants. As envisaged, this work demonstrates a novel therapeutic tactic with robust antibacterial effect to remedy infected tissue regeneration through activating competent cell‐like stage.
Dynamics of Nonlinear Optical Losses in Silicon‐Rich Nitride Nano‐Waveguides
Authors: Belogolovskii Dmitrii , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Alic Nikola
Published: October 2024

Free carrier absorption (FCA) is established to be the cause of nonlinear losses in plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon‐rich nitride (SRN) waveguides. To validate this hypothesis, a photo‐induced current is measured in SRN thin films with refractive indices varying between 2.5 and 3.15 when a C‐band laser light is illuminating the SRN films at various powers, indicating the generation of free carriers. Furthermore, nonlinear loss dynamics is, for the first time, measured and characterized in detail in SRN waveguides by utilizing high peak power C‐band complex shape optical pulses for estimation of free carrier generation (FCG) and free carrier recombination (FCR) lifetimes and their dynamics. Both FCG and FCR are found to decrease with an increase in the refractive index of SRN, and, specifically, the FCR lifetimes are found (92 ± 7) ns, (39 ± 3) ns, and (31 ± 2) ns for the SRN indices of 2.7, 3, and 3.15, respectively. Lastly, nonlinear losses in high refractive index SRN waveguides are demonstrated to be minimized and altogether avoided when the pulse duration reduced below the free carrier generation lifetime, thus providing a way of taking a full advantage of the large inherent SRN nonlinear properties.
Innovative Air Cathode with Ni‐Doped Cobalt Sulfide in Highly Ordered Macroporous Carbon Matrix for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Son Yujin , Min Kyeongseok , Cheong Sungkyun , Lee Boyoung , Shim Sang Eun , Baeck Sung‐Hyeon
Published: October 2024

To realize the practical application of rechargeable Zn–Air batteries (ZABs), it is imperative to develop a non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalyst with high electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, Ni‐doped Co9S8 nanoparticles dispersed on an inverse opal‐structured N, S co‐doped carbon matrix (IO─NixCo9‐xS8@NSC) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst is presented. The unique 3D porous structure, arranged in an inverse opal pattern, provides a large active surface area. Also, the conductive carbon substrate ensures the homogeneous dispersion of NixCo9‐xS8 nanocrystals, preventing aggregation and increasing the exposure of active sites. The introduction of heteroatom dopants into the Co9S8 structure generates defect sites and enhances surface polarity, thereby improving electrocatalytic performance in alkaline solutions. Consequently, the IO─NixCo9‐xS8@NSC shows excellent bifunctional activity with a high half‐wave potential of 0.926 V for ORR and a low overpotential of 289 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. Moreover, the rechargeable ZAB assembled with prepared electrocatalyst exhibits a higher specific capacity (768 mAh gZn−1), peak power density (180.2 mW cm−2), and outstanding stability (over 160 h) compared to precious metal‐based electrocatalyst.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Acylsilanes with Heteroarenes via Bimetallic Relay
Authors: Zheng Long , Li Ying‐Chao , Wu Yichen , Wang Peng
Published: October 2024

The transition metal‐catalyzed direct coupling reactions involving electron‐rich Fischer carbene species are largely underdeveloped and remain a big challenge. Here, a direct coupling reaction of azoles and azine N‐oxides is reported with Fischer copper carbene species bearing an α‐siloxy group i, which can be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox‐neutral conditions. This coupling reaction between electron‐rich α‐siloxy Fischer Cu‐carbene species with hard carbanion nucleophiles may undergo a bimetallic relay process, which is confirmed by the kinetic analysis and in situ NMR analysis. This reaction features mild conditions and remarkable heterocycle compatibility. Notably, this protocol tolerates a series of azole or azine N‐oxide derivatives, including benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzoimidazole, benzoisoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine, purine, caffeine, pyridine N‐oxide, quinoline N‐oxide, pyrazine N‐oxide, pyridazine N‐oxide, etc. The synthetic value of this approach is demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of a histamine h4 receptor ligand and a marketed drug carbinoxamine.
Micronutrients concentration and content in corn as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Sawatzky Steven , Thomas Matthew , Akin Samuel , Raun William R. , Zhang Hailin , Arnall D. Brian
Published: October 2024

The interaction between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers significantly impacts the uptake of micronutrients in corn, influencing their availability in soil and uptake by plants. Understanding the interaction of macro‐ and micronutrients is a prerequisite to targeting nutrient balance in crop production. Therefore, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of NPK fertilization on micronutrient uptake of rain‐fed corn (Zea mays L.). A randomized complete block design was employed with 12 treatments replicated three times. Different combinations of N, P, and K fertilizer rates were investigated for micronutrient concentration and uptake in rain‐fed corn. Findings revealed the order of nutrient accumulation in corn plants: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). Nitrogen application influenced nutrient concentrations and uptake. Increasing N rates increased micronutrient concentrations in corn grain, except for Cu. Interestingly, Cu content in grains exhibited no correlation with nutrient supply, biomass, or other concentrations. As the N application rate increased, micronutrient content increased at early growth stage and physiological maturity. Phosphorus application showed negligible impact on grain micronutrient concentration and uptake. However, K application notably increased Mn, Fe, and Cu uptake in grains. This study underscores the need to consider not only grain yield but also nutritional quality when determining optimal NPK rates in rain‐fed corn cultivation.
Preparation of highly active MgO by carbonate hydrogenation and its application in separation of cobalt and nickel
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Han Dongmei , Wang Zhihua , Gu Fubo , Shao Mingfei
Published: October 2024

As a significant industrial material, MgO is mainly obtained by the pyrolysis of magnesite (magnesium carbonate) under air conditions, producing large amounts of CO2 and contributing to global warming. In this work, the MgO was prepared using the hydrogenation reduction method. The reaction conditions led to CO2 emissions of <1% and an overall temperature decrease of ~80°C. The highly active MgO prepared by hydrogenation reduction led to a precipitation rate of Co and Ni >99% with a short separation time. Electron paramagnetic resonance, CO2 temperature programmed desorption, and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that the MgO prepared by hydrogenation contained oxygen vacancies, which improved the alkalinity of the MgO and promoted the precipitation of Ni2+ and Co2+ by adsorption of hydroxyl oxygen to induce water dissociation, thereby enhancing their separation efficiency.
Self‐Sensing Artificial‐Muscle‐Empowered Humanlike Perception, Interaction, and Positioning
Authors: Wu Houping , Li Chenchen , Wang Yufeng , Wang Zhengyan , Peng Yulian , Wei Zhipeng , Wang Hongbo
Published: October 2024

Bioinspired soft and hybrid robots provide a promising solution to developing robots that can interact and collaborate with humans safely and effectively. Bellow‐like pneumatic artificial muscles can produce biological muscle‐like contraction with comparable response time and force output, but closed‐loop control has been a challenge without an effective length sensing solution. Herein, a self‐sensing artificial muscle (SSAM), which can sense its own length regardless of the external loadings and driving pressures, is proposed. Empowered by a seamlessly integrated mutual‐inductance‐based length sensor (MILS), the SSAM can sense its length change as small as 0.01 mm (0.012% of the initial liength 80 mm) in a wide range. The working principle of the MILS is analyzed theoretically to provide a design guideline. An SSAM‐based earthworm‐like locomotion robot is developed with the capability of knowing its real‐time body length change at different gaits. An artificial arm driven by one SSAM is also developed and demonstrated with humanlike capabilities of loading perception, interactive and responsive movements, and accurate positioning. This work provides a promising solution to develop muscle‐driven hybrid robotic systems with embodied intelligence for skilled manipulation and sophisticated human–machine interactions.
Versatile Standing Wave Generation Between Arbitrarily Oriented Surfaces Using Acoustic Metasurface Deflectors and Retroreflectors
Authors: Ellouzi Chadi , Aghdasi Farhood , Zabihi Ali , Miri Amir K. , Shen Chen
Published: October 2024

Acoustic wave devices using standing wave configurations have gained interest in various fields like healthcare diagnostics and manufacturing. Their functionalities span from cell sorting to microscale fiber assembly through periodic acoustic pressure fields. Conventional methods usually require parallel acoustic emitters and reflective surfaces, producing constrained standing wave patterns. In this paper, an effective approach for creating versatile acoustic standing wave fields using an acoustic metasurface deflector and retroreflector is introduced. The deflector manipulates the direction of incoming acoustic waves coupled with the retroreflector to reflect these waves back to the source. The proposed design allows the creation of standing waves that are not constrained by the relative angles of the two surfaces involved and allows for customizable wave patterns beyond the standard limits with enhanced adaptability. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through computational simulations using finite element analysis and experimental validation based on a 3D‐printed prototype. Results suggest that versatile standing waves between arbitrarily oriented surfaces can be produced through the careful design of the metasurface deflector and retroreflector. This approach can improve the performance of standing wave applications in particle manipulation, thus broadening the range of practical implementations for ultrasound and acoustofluidic technologies.