bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morfologia fluvial e dinâmica de sedimentos: análise dos efeitos a jusante do complexo hidrelétrico do rio Madeira
Authors: Santos Mariano Vieira dos , Duarte Miqueias Lima , Silva Tatiana Acácio da , Costa Heron Salazar , Vaz Marcos André Braz
Published: July 2020

O Brasil possui rica densidade de corpos hídricos superficiais em seu território, isso está associado a um dos maiores potenciais de geração de energia hidroelétrica do mundo. Esse potencial tem sido explorado paulatinamente com a instalação de empreendimentos hidroelétricos ao longo dos anos. No ano de 2016, foram colocadas em operação duas usinas hidroelétricas no curso do rio Madeira (hidrelétrica de Jirau, e Santo Antônio. Este estudo avaliou a morfologia fluvial e a dinâmica deposicional de sedimentos a jusante desses empreendimentos, utilizando dados sobre a Concentração de Sedimentos Suspensos (CSS), e dados do sensor orbital Landsat 5 e 8 processados com uso do software QGIS. Os resultados mostram que ocorreram alterações físicas no canal fluvial ao longo do trecho avaliado, com destaque para a erosão nas margens e surgimento de banco de areia fluvial. Apesar da análise espacial indicar um aumento de bancos de areia fluvial ao longo da área de estudo, a análise estatística não indicou diferenças significativas entre as CSS após a instalação dos empreendimentos hidrelétricos.
O método AHP e a Álgebra de Mapas para determinar a fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Brilhante (Mato Grosso do Sul / Brasil), proposições para a gestão do território
Authors: Ferreira Patricia Silva , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: July 2020

A determinação da fragilidade emergente ou ambiental de uma bacia hidrográfica é fundamental para avaliar como as características físicas e as interferências antrópicas podem influenciar no estado de equilíbrio do sistema. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para estabelecer classes de fragilidade ambiental a partir da sobreposição de fatores naturais e antrópicos, combinando o método de análise hierárquica (AHP) e a Álgebra de Mapas, hierarquicamente integrados em ambiente SIG, isso a fim de contribuir com a gestão do território. Os resultados apontam que 48% da área da bacia abrangem a classe de fragilidade ambiental considerada alta. Nessas áreas, verifica-se uma forte relação entre o grau de degradação e as características do relevo, clima e tipo de solo da região e seus usos. Esse cenário se agrava ao constatar-se que a ocupação intensiva dessas regiões ampliou as áreas de alta fragilidade ambiental, além do avanço sobre as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), favorecendo um estado de instabilidade ambiental. O mapa de fragilidade ambiental elaborado visa subsidiar ações para o planejamento ambiental e a proposição de políticas públicas voltadas à gestão territorial, experiência que pode ser replicada em outras áreas e dimensões.
Fatores associados a difusão da epidemia de Covid-19
Authors: Confins
Published: July 2020

Les cartes de ce texte cherchent à montrer quels sont les facteurs qui sont associés à l’épidémie de Covid-19, au moins dans les modalités de sa distribution spatiale. Elles ont pour but de vérifier s’il existe une corrélation entre la répartition des cas de la maladie connus à la date du 14 juin 2020 et celle des facteurs considérés, isolément ou conjointement (par le biais d’une analyse factorielle ACP et d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique, CAH) pour mettre sur la piste de relations de causalité, qui devront ensuite être analysées et prouvées par d’autres méthodes
A Ilha Montão de Trigo (SP): do inventário geográfico à modelização gráfica
Authors: Menegatto Matheus Sartori
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho apresenta algumas das características essenciais dos espaços insulares. Para tal, lançou-se mão da Coremática, desenvolvida pelo geógrafo francês Roger Brunet, pela associação de interesse público Reclus (Réseau d'Étude des Changements dans les Localisations et les Unités Spatiales: Rede de Estudos das Mudanças nas Localizações e nas Unidades Espaciais) e pela Revista Mappemonde (M@ppemonde) na busca de uma argumentação feita não somente pelas palavras, mas também pelas imagens. A princípio, com as possibilidades de representação geométrica existentes, pode-se compor uma série de figuras estruturantes ou basilares que, combinada ou individualmente, são capazes de expressar as dinâmicas fundamentais de determinado espaço geográfico. Com efeito, lançou-se mão do método coremático para demonstrar a especificidade da forma insular, tendo, como estudo de caso, Montão de Trigo, uma ilha localizada no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo. Empregou-se, assim, uma modelização gráfica da ilha a fim de identificar determinados traços distintivos, tais como a relação terra-mar; as ligações internas e externas; as centralidades intrainsulares; as formas de compartimentar o território; o direito de propriedade e o direito de uso do espaço insular; os graus de antropização; e, finalmente, o papel da influência marítima no assentamento humano.
A inclusão da variável climática no processo de licenciamento ambiental: uma breve análise da realidade do Estado de São Paulo.
Authors: Ishisaki Fábio Takeshi
Published: July 2020

As atividades empresariais possuem notável importância na sociedade moderna, seja na esfera econômica, social ou ambiental. Há, pois, a necessidade destas atividades se adequarem às questões globais urgentes, dentre as quais merece destaque as relacionadas ao meio ambiente e, notadamente, mudanças climáticas. Análises de emissões realizadas por organismos internacionais e nacionais demonstram a importância da questão climática nas atividades antrópicas e, especialmente no Brasil, das contribuições de diversos estados nas emissões de GEE. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é traçar um histórico da inclusão da questão climática no licenciamento ambiental brasileiro, tendo em vista a sua importância na viabilização de atividades empresariais de grande impacto climático. Para tanto, realizou-se a consulta a dados e relatórios oficiais do IPCC, Governo Brasileiro e entidades de pesquisa, bem como da produção bibliográfica e da legislação aplicáveis ao tema. Com base nessas informações, se demonstrará a problemática da falta de inclusão da obrigatoriedade de mensuração das emissões de gases de efeito estufa no licenciamento ambiental, especificamente no estado de São Paulo.Ante a relevância do estado de São Paulo no PIB nacional e nas emissões de GEE, o presente estudo se baseou documentos oficiais de organismos como IPCC, Programa Brasileiro GHG Protocol e CETESB, além da legislação brasileira, buscando analisar os modelos atualmente vigentes no Brasil e no estado de São Paulo, notadamente quanto à inclusão da variável climática quando do licenciamento ambiental. Verificou-se, pois, que apesar de exigido nas políticas climáticas, não há uma exigência normativa de análise das questões relacionadas às emissões de GEE no processo de licenciamento ambiental do estado de São Paulo.
Analyse du style vocal et modélisation pour la synthèse de chant expressif : l’exemple d’Édith Piaf
Authors: Chabot-Canet Céline , Ardaillon Luc , Roebel Axel
Published: July 2020

Un nombre croissant de musicologues s’intéresse aujourd’hui aux outils d’analyse spectrale pour étudier l’interprétation vocale. Permettant une visualisation acoustique du son, ces outils rendent possibles l’analyse et l’objectivation de caractéristiques interprétatives longtemps considérées comme échappant à la théorisation : variations agogiques du rythme ou de la mélodie, timbre… Cependant, ce type d’échange entre musicologie et sciences exactes est souvent à sens unique : le musicologue exploite des logiciels à des fins musicologiques. L’expérience que nous allons présenter a la particularité de mettre en œuvre une collaboration simultanée entre chercheurs en traitement du signal et musicologues autour d’un même objectif : l’élaboration d’un système de synthèse du chant pouvant reproduire la diversité des « styles vocaux » interprétatifs. Elle se place à la convergence de deux champs de recherche autour de la voix chantée : recherches en informatique et traitement de signal sur la modélisation et la synthèse de la voix chantée, recherches en musicologie sur l’interprétation vocale et les styles interprétatifs dans la chanson populaire francophone. Cette approche donne, à travers la modélisation du style vocal d’Édith Piaf, un exemple de la manière dont deux disciplines peuvent collaborer fructueusement pour s’informer et s’enrichir mutuellement.
Hypotension after spinal anaesthesia is not always the rule in parturients undergoing caesarean section
Authors: Hosny Mona Refaat , Ahmed Mohamed Saleh , Elfawy Dalia M. , Abdelaal Wail Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Background General anaesthesia is a real challenge for the anaesthetist when anaesthetizing obstetric patients due its well-known complications of difficult intubation and thereby increasing morbidity and mortality of pregnant women. These risks can be easily avoided by regional anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia is frequently associated with hypotension which can have detrimental effects both on the mother and the neonate. Prophylactic phenylephrine administration had been widely practiced to prevent post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section. The goal of this study is to prove and determine that it is not always necessary to use a vasoconstrictor to avoid hypotension after spinal anesthesia for parturients undergoing caesarean section.Method We enrolled 100 patients in this randomized controlled study who were having elective caesarean delivery. Spinal anaesthesia was performed under aseptic conditions. Immediately following spinal blockade, patients were randomly allocated to receive either a single bolus of phenylephrine 100 μg in a volume of 10 ml, or equivalent volume of normal saline 0.9%.  Incidence of post-spinal hypotension was used as the primary outcome. Maternal haemodynamic parameters, intraoperative nausea and vomiting, the need for phenylephrine or glycopyrrolate administration, neonatal Apgar score at 1, 5 minutes, and base excess (BE) value of the neonatal umbilical venous blood were all recorded and reflected the secondary outcomes.Results There was no significant difference regarding the incidence of post-spinal hypotension in phenylephrine and placebo group. There was no difference in neonatal Apgar score at 1, 5 minutes, and base excess in both groups.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that it is not necessary to provide a vasoconstrictor to avoid hypotension that results from spinal anaesthesia in caesarean sections.
Unstable cervical spine; is it still a contraindication for percutaneous tracheostomy as thought before?
Authors: Jayasinghe Amila , Weerakoon Ravi , Karunarathne Udaya
Published: July 2020

We report a 28 year old male with an unstable acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) due to anterior spondylolisthesis of C6 over C7 vertebra and facet joint dislocation of C6-C7 who underwent a successful bronchoscopy guided percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) on day 6. Cervical SCI demands tracheostomy in majority but SCI with unstable cervical spine itself makes tracheostomy a challenging procedure. Even though cervical SCI was considered a relative contraindication for PCT, it can be safely performed in neutral neck position. Addition of ultrasound scanning of neck and bronchoscopic guidance further increases its safety profile. In cervical SCI early tracheostomy may be more effective than late.
Is there a common threshold to subfossil chironomid assemblages at 16 m water depth? Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Laug Andreas , Turner Falko , Engels Stefan , Wang Junbo , Haberzettl Torsten , Ju Jianting , Yu Siwei , Kou Qiangqiang , Börner Nicole , Schwalb Antje
Published: July 2020

Fluctuating lake levels are an important driver of ecosystem change, and changes in the precipitation/evaporation balance of a region can lead to undesirable changes in ecosystem functioning. Large-scale changes in hydrology will become increasingly more likely as a result of ongoing climate change in the coming century. This is especially true for the Tibetan Plateau, which plays a crucial role as the “Asian water tower” for the surrounding densely populated regions. Chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) have proven to be one of the most valuable bioindicators for monitoring and reconstructing the development of aquatic ecosystems. Besides temperature, water depth and salinity are two of the most important environmental factors affecting chironomids. To study the relationship between chironomids and water depth, we analyzed surface sediment samples of two large Tibetan lakes, Selin Co and Taro Co. These lakes have similar environmental conditions (e.g. elevation, temperature and oxygenation) but show strong differences in salinity (7–10 and 0.5 ppt, respectively). Our results show that the chironomid assemblages in both lakes have similar water depths at which the fauna abruptly changes in composition, despite different faunal assemblages. The most important boundaries were identified at 0.8 and 16 m water depth. While the uppermost meter, the “splash zone”, is characterized by distinctly different conditions, resulting from waves and changing water levels, the cause of the lower zone boundary remains enigmatic. Even though none of the measured water depth-related factors, such as water temperature, oxygen content, sediment properties, light intensity or macrophyte vegetation, show a distinct change at 16 m water depth, comparison to other records show that a similar change in the chironomid fauna occurs at 16 m water depth in large, deep lakes around the world. We propose that this boundary might be connected to water pressure influencing the living conditions of the larvae or the absolute distance to the surface that has to be covered for the chironomid larvae to hatch. We conclude that water depth either directly or indirectly exerts a strong control on the chironomid assemblages even under different salinities, resulting in distribution patterns that can be used to reconstruct past fluctuations in water depths.
Editorial
Authors: Godinho Inês , Flores Cláudio , Marques Nuno ,   Universidade Lusófona do Porto
Published: July 2020

Editorial do n.º 13 da Revista de Direito da ULP.
Capture of a Blue Shark Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chondrichthyes: Charcharhinidae) by a Swordfish Longliner off Fethiye (Mediterranean Sea, Turkey)
Authors: AKYOL Okan , CEYHAN Tevfik
Published: July 2020

On 25 December 2012, a specimen of Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) was caught by a swordfish longliner along with 9 swordfish together off Fethiye at a depth of 1200 m. The specimen caught was measured as TL and weighed (kg), and photographed. The specimen was 85 cm TL and 7 kg. According to the previous studies, blue sharks especially observed abundantly in northern Aegean Sea, and can be accepted very rare incidental catch from the Turkish coasts owing to weak presuppose of swordfish fishery. However, there is an important place of blue sharks in the global fin trade area. Therefore, population trend of this shark species is swift decreasing.
Gelişimsel Yetersizliğe Sahip Çocuğu Olan ve Normal Gelişim Gösteren Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlerin Aile Yaşam Kalitesi Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KARADUMAN Hande , PARLAR Hanifi
Published: July 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, normal gelişen çocuklu anne-babalar ile gelişimsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklu anne-babaların aile yaşam kalitelerini incelemektir. Veri setini, İstanbul ilinde yaşayan gelişimsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklu 223 anne-baba ve çocuğu normal gelişen 68 anne-baba olmak üzere toplamda 291 anne-baba doldurmuştur. Bulgular, gelişimsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklu anne-babaların aile yaşam kalitesi algılarının normal gelişen çocuklu anne-babalardan daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Örneklem grupları ölçeğin alt boyutlarında karşılaştırıldığında; gelişimsel yetersizlik gösteren çocukların anneleri ebeveynlik ve duygusal yeterlik boyutlarında normal gelişen çocuk annelerinden daha düşük, aile etkileşimi boyutunda ise daha yüksek puanlar almışlardır. Gelişimsel yetersizlik gösteren çocukların babaları ise yalnızca ebeveynlik boyutunda normal gelişen çocuk babalarından daha düşük, aile etkileşimi boyutunda ise daha yüksek puanlar almışlardır. Farklı tanı grupları karşılaştırıldığında, otizm ve Down sendromlu çocuklu anne-babaların yaşam kalitesi algıları normal gelişen çocuklu anne-babalara göre anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. Zihinsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklu babaların yaşam kalitesi algılarının normal gelişen çocuklu babalara kıyasla anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu bulunmuşken, annelerde bir farka rastlanmamıştır. Diğer tanı grupları ile ise anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Gelişimsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklu anne-babaların ve normal gelişen çocuklu anne-babaların aile yaşam kalitesi ölçeği toplam puanlarında demografik değişkenler açısından anlamlı olarak farklılaşma olup olmadığına bakıldığında yalnızca eğitim düzeyinin aile yaşam kalitesi puanları üzerinde bir etki olduğu gözükmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda gelişimsel yetersizliğe sahip çocuğu olan anne-baba ve kardeşlere psikolojik ve sosyal desteğin arttırılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Modelagem Matemática e Resolução de Problemas na Educação: um panorama de pesquisas recentes
Authors: Almeida Carlson Guerreiro de , Gomes Larissa Pinca Sarro , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Analisamos como a Modelagem Matemática (MM) associada à Resolução de Problemas (RP) se apresenta nas pesquisas acadêmicas que as utilizam em conjunto. Como abordagem metodológica, utilizamos os procedimentos do Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional. Os dados foram constituídos a partir da seleção de doze pesquisas publicadas no Banco de Teses da CAPES e Google Acadêmico. Para análise, estabelecemos cinco categorias: a) referenciais teóricos das pesquisas; b) os problemas investigados/interesses de pesquisa; c) metodologias utilizadas nas pesquisas; d) principais resultados das pesquisas; e e) perspectivas de continuidade. O estudo permitiu identificar aproximações teóricas e metodológicas entre os trabalhos analisados e evidencia que o foco das pesquisas é centrado nas reflexões, percepções e ações dos estudantes e professores durante o processo de Modelagem Matemática e Resolução de Problemas. Apontou, ainda, que, quando os estudantes desenvolvem atividades desse tipo, ampliam suas competências matemáticas, tornando-se hábeis na resolução de problemas.
Palavras-chave: Modelagem Matemática. Resolução de Problemas. Educação Matemática. Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional.
PKM KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA CELAWAN KECAMATAN PANTAI CERMIN KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Simon Jhon , Nasution Farida Hanum , Silitonga Aswand Hasoloan
Published: July 2020

Pembentukan tani di berbagai tingkatan wilayah sangat ditentukan oleh partisipasi aktif dari seluruh subjek pelaku usaha tani baik hulu maupun hilir. Pelaku utama dan pelaku usaha bidang pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatan produk dan produktivitas yang juga merupakan  salah satu indikator tingkat  keberhasilan pembangunan di bidang pertanian. Pembinaan terhadap pelaku utama dan pelaku usaha ini sangat diperlukan untuk mencapai target pertumbuhan dan peningkatan produk dan produktivitas dalam rangka mensukseskan pembangunan bidang pertanian. Sesuai Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 67/Permentan/SM.050/12/2016 tentang Pembinaan Kelembagaan Petani, maka pembinaan yang harus diperhatikan dalam pembentukan kelompok tani adalah kesamaan kepentingan, sumber daya alam, sosial ekonomi, keakraban, saling mempercayai dan keserasian hubungan antar anggota untuk kelestarian kehidupan berkelompok, sehingga setiap anggota merasa memiliki dan menikmati manfaat dari setiap kegiatan. Pengabdian masyarakat pada sektor pertanian dan pemasaran diantaranya : 1) Bagaimana mekanisme kerja kelompok tani dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anggotanya. 2) Bagaimana mekanisme kerja kelompok tani dalam merubah pola pikir petani. 3) Bagaimana mekanisme kerja kelompok tani sebagai mediator dalam memenuhi kebutuhan modal untuk usaha pertanian anggotanya. 4) Bagaimana usaha kelompok tani dalam mengkoordinasi hasil pertanian untuk mendapatkan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkanlah suatu strategi dalam pembentukan kelompok tani dan  pemasaran hasil pertanian khususnya di sektor pertanian di Dusun V Desa Celawan Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Lenguaje, temporalidad y significado
Authors: Leserre Daniel
Published: July 2020

El trabajo sostiene que el aspecto temporal del significado constituye un elemento común a la reflexión de la Crítica de la razón pura y Ser y tiempo y propone su identificación como línea de argumentación entre ambas obras. Esta línea puede ser trazada desde la afirmación de que sólo la temporalidad posibilita el significado de los conceptos puros (Kant) hasta la idea de la génesis temporal del significado (Heidegger). Acorde a ello el trabajo se propone: a) mostrar la posibilidad de trazar dicha línea de argumentación común a ambas obras; b) indicar que a partir de ello ambas confluyen en una perspectiva que puede ser comprendida como una reflexión trascendental (en un sentido comprensivo) sobre el significado; c) exponer esta confluencia como el aspecto temporal del significado, y d) sugerir que, así comprendida, dicha reflexión conjunta puede proponer un enfoque relevante en la actual reflexión filosófica sobre el significado.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE SCRIPT DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Lindawati  , Wahyudin Mokhammad
Published: July 2020

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Cooperative script dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial (IPS) kelas VIII MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen, populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka yang berjumlah 80 orang dengan sampel 30 orang siswa yaitu 15 siswa kelompok kontrol yang diterapkan pada kelas VIII dan 15 siswa di kelompok eksperimen yang diterapkan pada kelas VII. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh dari model pembelajaran tipe cooperative script dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas .MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka Kecamatan Plumbon kelompok kontrol mencapai kategori rendah dan hasil belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen mencapai nilai rata-rata kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran cooperative script memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa.

Kata kunci: Cooperative Script, Model Pembelajaran, Hasil Belajar

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cooperative script model in improving student learning outcomes in social science (IPS) class VIII MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka. This research approach uses a descriptive quantitative approach with the type of experimental research, the study population is all students of MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka, amounting to 80 people with a sample of 30 students namely 15 control group students applied to class VIII and 15 students in the experimental group applied to class VII. Data collection uses observation, tests, and documentation. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the study there is an influence of the cooperative script type learning model in improving student learning outcomes class. MTs Ash-shiddiqiyyah Cempaka Subdistrict Plumbon control group reached the low category and the learning outcomes of the experimental group students reached the average value of the high category. Based on the results of data analysis, there are significant differences between the control group and the experimental group, so it can be concluded that cooperative script learning has an influence on student learning outcomes.

Keywords: Cooperative Script, Learning Model, Learning Outcomes
EFFECT OF FLY ASH AND ITS CURING TIME ON SPECIFICATION OF FLY ASH – SILTY SOIL MIXTURE
Authors: DEHGHANİAN Kaveh , AYAR Najibullah
Published: July 2020

In this study, the specification of silty soils with fly ash and effect of curing time in mixture of silty soil with C type of fly ash has been researched. In this paper tests such as dertermination of water content, Atterberg limits, Standard proctor and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial (UU) tests has been done. By adding different amount of fly ash (3%, 5%,7% and 10% ) and curing time of (1, 7, 14) days, the internal angle of friction and shear strength has been increased. The maximum increase occurred by adding 3% fly ash in 7 days. Atterberg limits on different combination of soil- fly ash show almost same results and do not have noticeable changes.
Ale Rasa Beta Rasa
Authors: Anwar Ahsani Amalia , Tuhuteru Ajuan
Published: July 2020

Pandemic Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has changed people’s life in various fields, including education. Face-to-face learning turns into online learning to prevent the spread of Covid-19. This article explores how the constraints faced in implementing online learning and ways which are taken to overcome them on the basis of local cultural value.
This research was conducted at the Faculty of Religious Social Sciences State Institute of Christian Religion (FISK IAKN) Ambon, from which more students complaints related to obstacles encountered during online learning as compared to the two other faculties at IAKN. There were twelve people who participated in this study, consisting of two key informants (a dean and lecturer), students from various study programs, consisting of three students from Tourism, another two students from Pastoral Counseling, three students from Theology, and two from Religion and Culture study programs. Data was collected using interview via Whatsapp chatting and observation of students’ participation in online learning class, not only through Whatsapp Group, Faceboook Group, Google Classroom, Zoom, Edmodo, as well as IAKN e-learning system.
The study demonstrates that in the the online learning process at FISK IAKN, students experience various problems, that include internal and external factors. Internal factors consists of limited facilities and infrastructure to support in campus online learning, students’ financial limitations, and technological illiterate of students as well as lecturers to access online learning. External factors include lack of online learning equipments, such as smartphones and laptops, unstable internet network and lack of electricity in some areas of students’ residence. Because these two factors (internal and external) are the main obstacles in the online learning process, various efforts being made to overcome them on the basis of local cultural values, ale rasa beta rasa. This is not only applied among students of FISK IAKN Ambon, but also involves parents, relatives, neighbors, lecturers, campus support and support from other institutions outside campus. The philosophy of ale rasa beta rasa has become a bonding value among fellow Ambonese and their colleagues on how they deal with problems related to the continuity of online learning in the midst of critical moment resulted from pandemic of Covid-19. The application of the social function of ale rasa beta rasa is manifested in the form of studying together; sharing information about lecture; sharing hotspots and remedial; and granting loans. Despite the fact that all constraints cannot be fully solved, there are at least somethings to be done that affect their online learning process.
INTERPOLASI DATA BERDIMENSI d>1 DENGAN FUNGSI BASIS RADIAL (RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION)
Authors: Sitompul Hery Andi , Sianturi Tambos A.
Published: July 2020

Radial Basis Function (RBF) is a method typically used to aproximate a function based on information data. A radial function  is a real valued function whose depends only on the distance the data input and some fixed point  ,called a centre point. Distance between some fixed point/centre and data input is usually Euclidean metric so that . Commonly types of Radial Basis Function using a  to indicate a shape parameter to scale the input data of the radial centre. Since this method has been proven effective and flexsibel so that it has been widely used in engineering and science, so in this paper we will discuss how to use Radial basis Function to interpolate 2 dimension data. From the result of discussion it was found that this method was accurate to aproximate actual data or observation.
Effects of atmospheric circulations on the interannual variation in PM2.5 concentrations over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in 2013–2018
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Renhe
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Chinese government has made many efforts to mitigate fine particulate
matter pollution in recent years by taking strict measures on air pollutant reduction, which has generated the nationwide improvements in air quality
since 2013. However, under the stringent air pollution controls, how the
wintertime PM2.5 concentration (i.e., the mass concentration of
atmospheric particles with diameters less than 2.5 µm) varies and how
much the meteorological conditions contribute to the interannual variations
in PM2.5 concentrations are still unclear, and these very important for
the local government to assess the emission reduction of the previous year and
adjust mitigation strategies for the next year. The effects of atmospheric
circulation on the interannual variation in wintertime PM2.5
concentrations over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in the period of
2013–2018 are evaluated in this study. Generally, the transport of clean and
dry air masses and an unstable boundary layer in combination with the effective
near-surface horizontal divergence or pumping action at the top of the
boundary layer benefits the horizontal or vertical diffusion of surface
air pollutants. Instead, the co-occurrence of a stable boundary layer,
frequent air stagnation, positive water vapor advection and deep
near-surface horizontal convergence exacerbate the wintertime air pollution.
Favorable circulation conditions lasting for 2–4 d are
beneficial for the diffusion of air pollutants, and 3–7 d
of unfavorable circulation events exacerbates the accumulation of air
pollutants. The occurrence frequency of favorable circulation events is
consistent with the interannual variation in seasonal mean PM2.5
concentrations. There is better diffusion ability in the winters of 2014 and
2017 than in other years. A 59.9 % observed decrease in PM2.5
concentrations in 2017 over the BTH region could be attributed to the
improvement in atmospheric diffusion conditions. It is essential to exclude
the contribution of meteorological conditions to the variation in
interannual air pollutants when making a quantitative evaluation of emission
reduction measurements.
Gendered participation in the geosciences: 10 years of ERC funding
Authors: Jesus-Rydin Claudia , Farina-Busto Luis , Mugabushaka Alexis-Michel
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The European Research Council (ERC) marks a new approach to investing in frontier research in Europe. Since its establishment, the
ERC has taken numerous actions to tackle imbalances and monitors data from
each call. The aim of this paper is to review descriptive statistics of men
and women participating in ERC calls in the geosciences. The share of women applying for Starting Grants is on average around 30 %, whereas for
Consolidator Grants and Advanced Grants the share is around 25 % and
11 % respectively. Success rate analysis shows no significant gender disparities. The paper provides an overview of the ERC peer-review system,
discusses results specific to the geosciences compared to national funding
and SHE Figures, and concludes with a review of past actions and future goals.
A Systematic Exploration of Satellite Radar Coherence Methods for Rapid Landslide Detection
Authors: Burrows Katy , Walters Richard J. , Milledge David , Densmore Alexander L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Emergency responders require information on the distribution of triggered landslides within two weeks of an earthquake or storm. Useable satellite radar imagery is acquired within days of any such event worldwide. Recently, several landslide detection methods that use these data have been developed, but testing of these methods has been limited in each case to a single event and satellite sensor. Here we systematically test five methods using ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 data across four triggering events. The best performing method was dependent on the satellite sensor. For three of our four case study events, an initial ALOS-2 image was acquired within 2 weeks, and with these data the ARIA method performs best. Using a single post-event Sentinel-1 image, the best-performing method was the boxcar-sibling method. We also present three new methods which incorporate a second post-event image. While the waiting time for this second post-event image is disadvantageous for emergency response, these methods perform more consistently and on average 10 % better across event and sensor type than the boxcar-sibling and ARIA methods. Thus, our results demonstrate that useful landslide density information can be generated on the timescale of emergency response, and allow us to make recommendations on the best method based on the availability and latency of post-event radar data.
Hydrometeorological analysis and forecasting of a 3-day flash-flood-triggering desert rainstorm
Authors: Rinat Yair , Marra Francesco , Armon Moshe , Metzger Asher , Levi Yoav , Khain Pavel , Vadislavsky Elyakom , Rosensaft Marcelo , Morin Efrat
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Flash floods are among the most devastating and lethal natural hazards. In 2018, three flash-flood episodes resulted in 46 casualties in the deserts of Israel and Jordan alone. This paper presents the hydrometeorological analysis and forecasting of a substantial storm (25–27 Apr 2018) that hit an arid desert basin (Zin, ~ 1400 km2, southern Israel), claiming 12 human lives. Our aim was to: (a) spatially assess the severity of the storm, (b) quantify the time scale of the hydrological response, and (c) evaluate the available operational precipitation forecasting. Return periods of the storm's maximal rain intensities were derived locally, at 1-km2 resolution, using weather radar data and a novel statistical methodology. A high-resolution grid-based hydrological model was used to study the intra-basin flash-flood magnitudes, which were consistent with direct information from witnesses. The model was further used to examine the hydrological response to different forecast scenarios. A small portion of the basin (1–20 %) experienced extreme precipitation intensities (75- to 100-year return period), resulting in a local hydrological response of a high magnitude (10- to 50-year return period). Hillslope runoff, initiated minutes after the intense rainfall occurred, reached the streams and resulted in peak discharge within tens of minutes. Available deterministic operational precipitation forecasts poorly predicted the hydrological response in the studied basins (tens to hundreds of km2) mostly due to location inaccuracy. There was no gain from assimilating radar estimates in the numerical weather-prediction model. Therefore, we suggest using deterministic forecasts with caution as it might lead to fatal decision making. To cope with such errors a novel cost-effective methodology is applied by spatially shifting the forecasted precipitation fields. In this way, flash-flood occurrences were captured in most of the sub-basins, resulting in few false alarms.
Dynamic maps of people exposure to floods based on mobile phone data
Authors: Balistrocchi Matteo , Metulini Rodolfo , Carpita Maurizio , Ranzi Roberto
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Floods are acknowledged as one of the most serious threats to human lives and properties worldwide. To mitigate the flood risk, it is possible to act separately on its components: hazard, vulnerability, exposure. Emergency management plans can actually provide effective non-structural practices to decrease both people exposure and vulnerability. Crowding maps depending on characteristic time patterns, herein referred to as dynamic exposure maps, provide a valuable tool to enhance the flood risk management plans. In this paper, the suitability of mobile phone data to derive crowding maps is discussed. A test case is provided by a strongly urbanized area subject to frequent floodings located in the western outskirt of Brescia town (northern Italy). Characteristic exposure spatio-temporal patterns and their uncertainties were detected, with regard to land cover and calendar period. This novel methodology appears to be more reliable than crowdsourcing strategies, and has potentials to better address real-time rescues and reliefs supply.
Bromine speciation and partitioning in slab-derived aqueous fluids and silicate melts and implications for halogen transfer in subduction zones
Authors: Louvel Marion , Sanchez-Valle Carmen , Malfait Wim J. , Pokrovski Gleb S. , Borca Camelia N. , Grolimund Daniel
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Understanding the behavior of halogens (Cl, Br, and I) in
subduction zones is critical to constrain the geochemical cycle of these
volatiles and associated trace metals, as well as to quantify the halogen fluxes
to the atmosphere via volcanic degassing. Here, the partitioning of bromine
between coexisting aqueous fluids and hydrous granitic melts and its
speciation in slab-derived fluids have been investigated in situ up to
840 ∘C and 2.2 GPa by synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) and x-ray
absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in diamond anvil cells. The partition
coefficients DBrf/m range from ∼2 to
∼15, with an average value of 6.7±3.6 (1σ)
over the whole pressure–temperature (P–T) range, indicating a moderate Br
enrichment in aqueous fluids, in agreement with previous work. Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS)
analysis further evidences a gradual evolution of Br speciation from
hydrated Br ions [Br(H2O)6]− in slab dehydration fluids to
more complex structures involving both Na ions and water molecules,
[BrNax(H2O)y], in hydrous silicate melts and supercritical
fluids released at greater depth (> 200 km). In denser fluids
(ρ > 1.5 g cm−3) containing 60 wt % dissolved
alkali–silicates and in hydrous Na2Si2O5 melts (10 wt %
H2O), Br is found to be in a “salt-like” structure involving the six
nearest Na ions and several next-nearest O neighbors that are either from
water molecules and/or the silicate network. Bromine (and likely chlorine
and iodine) complexing with alkalis is thus an efficient mechanism for the
mobilization and transport of halogens by hydrous silicate melts and
silica-rich supercritical fluids. Our results suggest that both shallow
dehydration fluids and deeper silicate-bearing fluids efficiently remove
halogens from the slab in the sub-arc region, thus favoring an efficient
transfer of halogens across subduction zones.
Examining the Determinants of Privatization: The ASEAN Context
Authors: Tiaviwat Chotiphun
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the economic, political, and institutional determinants of the propensity of privatization, as well as the sensitivity of privatization, in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) context over the observation period from 1988 to 2008, with the Asian Financial Crisis being the median point of the observation period. This is particularly to investigate the organic progression of the privatization of ASEAN nations as an isolated endogenous phenomenon. This paper, using a two-stage quantitative technique, aims to exhibit the novel, and to a degree inventive, insights that are unique to the context of ASEAN, as well as to identify the potential policy implications directed towards how ASEAN policymakers may steer their national development policies to manufacture the constructive economic, political, and institutional conditions needed to foster privatization processes. The findings indicate that GDP per capita, current account balance, and stock market capitalization are statistically the key moving parts that contribute to the propensity of privatization, as well as the sensitivity of privatization, in the ASEAN context.
A Dynamic Perspective of Internet Service Provider Adoption of Emergent Network Technology: A Case Study of Tribal Digital Village
Authors: Canevez Richard , Maitland Carleen , Rantanen Matthew
Published: July 2020

Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.
From Liability to Accountability: The Ethics of Citing Section 230 to Avoid the Obligations of Running a Social Media Platform
Authors: Cramer Benjamin W.
Published: July 2020

In the United States, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act provides immunity from liability for Internet operators who host information submitted by their users. This article will argue that Section 230 allows firms to avoid accountability for the malfeasance that their platforms have enabled. With a focus on the ethical differences between liability (a legal concept) and accountability (an ethical concept), the article will recommend ways to compel today's social media platforms to address their responsibilities toward the proliferating misbehavior that they have enabled.
The dynamics of knowledge about stemflow: a systematic review
Authors: Tonello Kelly Cristina , Rosa Alexandra Guidelli , Salim José Augusto , Correa Carina Julia Pensa , Lima Marcelle Teodoro
Published: July 2020

The importance of stemflow to hydrology and biogeochemistry in forest ecosystems is highlighted by the growing interest of the scientific community since the 1970s. This paper summarizes the main contributions of stemflow (SF) studies from recent years through a systematic review of the literature, including 375 scientific articles published between 2006 and 2019. Shrub SF has shown superior efficiency (11.1%) compared to tree species (3.6%). Branches, bark texture and composition, branch and leaf saturation capacity, and wind intensity were identified as factors that significantly influence SF. However, despite the increasing number of publications on the subject, most of them focus on semi-arid regions of Asia, particularly of China, and temperate regions. Thus, there is still a lack of knowledge about the role of the different species in the biogeochemical cycle concerning the SF in tropical and semi-equatorial regions.
Incidencia de las Consejerías educativas en el instituto “Rubén Darío”, Nueva Guinea, 2017
Authors: Castellón Ramos Juan De Dios , Guzmán Chévez Jessenia Del Carmen , Blandón Jirón Consuelo Lizeth
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito de analizar el impacto de las Consejerías de las Comunidades Educativas en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, Instituto “Rubén Darío”, Nueva Guinea.El estudio se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, se hizo uso de técnicas propias de este enfoque como entrevistas, grupos focales y observaciones. Según el nivel de profundidad es descriptiva, porque se describe la incidencia del trabajo que realizan las consejerías de las comunidades educativas. Según el alcance temporal es de tipo transversal porque aborda únicamente el 2017.Al finalizar la investigación se concluye que, los padres y madres de familia han asumido mayores compromisos con la educación de sus hijos, los estudiantes han mejorado su disciplina, las charlas educativas han sido un factor fundamental para fortalecer los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, se ha contado con el apoyo de instituciones del Estado y organizaciones para brindar charlas educativas. También se encontraron aspectos negativos como poca asistencia de padres y madres de familia en las charlas y reuniones.
Sistematización del Proyecto CARS ejecutado por la URACCAN, Municipio de Puerto Cabezas
Authors: Davis Gram Sesiah Lizani , López Gutiérrez Yilda Vanessa , Flores Omier Fanny  Carina , Narvaez Ismael Keith Sankara , Salomón McCLean Elizabeth , Núñez Miguel
Published: July 2020

El proyecto Acción Comunitaria para la Lectura y Seguridad (CARS por sus siglas en inglés), tuvo el propósito de mejorar los resultados de la lectura y contribuir a la reducción de la inseguridad ciudadana de la niñez en preescolar y en los primeros grados de educación primaria. En este sentido se presenta la sistematización de la experiencia y los resultados del proyecto en los grupos meta. Es un estudio de carácter cualitativo, con enfoque participativo de los actores involucrados de esta experiencia centrándose en la implementación de las metodologías: Aprendo-Práctico-Aplico (APA) y Fonético-Analítico-Sintético (FAS); así mismo, las acciones desarrolladas para la identificación y abordaje de factores de inseguridad en la escuela y la comunidad, Trata de personas y violencia basada en género, en once escuelas del municipio de Puerto Cabezas en el 2018. Los resultados de la sistematización evidencian los procesos desarrollados, logros alcanzados y las lecciones aprendidas en la aplicación de las metodologías pedagógicas que servirán para futuras experiencias.
Manejo y características de los suelos agrícolas de colonia Providencia, Nueva Guinea, 2017
Authors: García Aragón Henrry  Ariel  , Sequeira Martínez Juver  José , Álvarez Amador Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación respecto a la calidad y manejo de los suelos agrícolas fue realizada en 18 sistemas de producción agrícolas de la colonia Providencia, seleccionados a través de un muestreo estratificado, estos se organizaron en 3 grupos según el tamaño de las áreas agrícolas, se evaluaron características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, así como las actividades de manejo que realizan los productores. Los análisis físico-químicos se realizaron en el laboratorio de suelos y agua de la Universidad Nacional Agraria.En cuanto al uso actual de los suelos agrícolas predominan los granos básicos, raíces y tubérculos y café robusta, son suelos manejados de forma tradicional con indicios de degradación física (hídrica y eólica) y biológica, medianamente ácidos, con materia orgánica y nitrógeno adecuados para satisfacer la demanda de los cultivos, el fósforo es deficiente y el potasio moderadamente disponible.Físicamente son suelos ultisoles, poco profundos con dos horizontes definidos, color rojizo oscuro, arcilloso, generalmente en estructura de bloques y angulares, muchos poros finos y poco finos, plástico adherente con contenido de materia orgánica superior al 5%, medianamente ácidos