bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soybean Thrips Control on Pickling Cucumbers, 1980
Authors: Webb D. R. , Robbin P. S. , Eckenrode C. J. , Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

A population of soybean thrips was observed on May 28 in a commercial cucumber field near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 25-ft long were established. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 70-ft alleys between blocks. Pre-treatment counts were made on 3 leaves/plot on May 28. A single treatment was applied the same day at the rate of 100 gal of water/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a hollow cone nozzle. One replicate of Sevin had poor coverage due to a clogged screen. Post-treatment thrip counts were made on May 30 and June 2. A vigor rating was made on June 2.
Arthropod Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set Mar 21, 1980, 18 in apart on 2.5 ft wide by 8 in high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized blocks design. Treatments were applied to runoff using a 2.5 gal hand held stainless steel sprayer with a single adjustable cone nozzle. On May 8 the number of Glover’s mites and green peach aphids on the undersides of the third leaf from the top of the largest lateral of 5 plants per plot were counted. On Jun 12, the number of twospotted spider mites and green peach aphids were counted on the undersides of the third leaf from the top of the youngest lateral of 5 plants/plot. Counts were completed by brushing the leaves in a leaf brushing machine and counting the number of individuals trapped on 1/10 of the detergent-coated glass plate. Counts were adjusted to a per leaf basis. The number of holes and windows in these same leaves produced by cabbage looper larvae were also counted. On the same date, the total number of leafmines of the vegetable leafminer were counted on the second leaf from the bottom of 5 plants. Plots were harvested Jun 6, 13, 20, 22, 24 and 26 and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and fruit damaged by cabbage looper larvae determined.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Head Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

The trial was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station, with a soil type of Laveen Clay Loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed, Aug 22, 1979, 2 seed rows per 40 inch bed, using a sled type planter. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Average daily temperatures at this time were maximum - 101°F, minimum - 72.5°F. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 24 and 25, after which they were cultivated, side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. Plots were 4 beds wide, 13.3 ft by 30 ft long. A complete randomized block design was used, with all treatments replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a 2 gallon CO2 pressurized, bak-pak hand sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom operating at 55 psi. A single hollow cone nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small. As plants increased in size, 2 hollow cone nozzles were used for each plant row. Egg and larval counts were made at approximately weekly intervals beginning on Sep 25 from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Ten plants at random were examined for eggs and larvae. Yield data were obtained from the middle 2 beds of each plot (4 plant rows). Total number of plants in 2 beds was recorded and the mature heads were graded according to #l 1/2, #2 and #2 1/2 sized heads. These numbers indicate the number of heads that are packed in a standard lettuce shipping carton.
Black Cutworm Control in Onions
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

The test was initiated on 43 day old plants seeded Apr 18 in Orange County NY organic muck soil. Plots consisted of single 40 ft rows with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized knap-sack sprayer operated at 37 psi delivering 60 gpa through a single Teejet nozzle directed at the plant base to insure soil wetting. The bait treatment was applied in a 3 inch band over the plants, through a cone seeder mounted on a Planet-Jr frame. Applications were made on May 30, Jun 6 and 11 and terminated when no new damage was evident. Cut plants were counted prior to each application and eliminated; % damage was computed from the original stand count.
Trickle Irrigation System Injected Insecticides to Control European Corn Borer, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Lady Bell’ peppers were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on Jun 3. Plots were double rows on mulched, trickle-irrigated, elevated beds 5 ft wide and 100 ft long. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The trickle irrigation system consisted of an electric pump (25 gal/min) with sand filter, 2 in main hose (15 psi), #3 feeder hose (10 psi), and 1/2 in bi-wall, slow-drip hose under the mulch. Systemic insecticides were injected into the 1/2 in bi-wall hose using a 5 gal, CO2-pressurized tank at 60 psi on Jun 12, Jul 15, Aug 4 and Sep 1. Orthene was applied as a foliar treatment with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with drop nozzles on either side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 250 psi; sprays commenced Jul 14 on a weekly schedule until Sep 10. On each harvest date, 100 peppers were randomly selected from each plot and dissected to determine percent borer infestation.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet and Hot Pepper Varieties, 1980
Authors: Henne R. C. , Simonet Donald E.
Published: March 2022

Pregerminated seed of 4 varieties of peppers (sweet cherry, sweet banana, hot cherry and Hungarian hot wax) were fluid-drilled on May 2, at Napoleon, OH. The experimental design was a split-plot with insecticidal treatments as main plots and pepper varieties as sub-plots. Plots 22-ft long were comprised of 2 rows of each variety, using a 30-in row spacing. Treatments, replicated 4 times, were initiated Jul 24; continued Aug 4, 16, 22, 29; and terminated on Sep 5. Applications were made with a tractor mounted boom sprayer delivering 83 gal/acre at 300 psi, using hollow cone nozzles. All fruit were removed from 1 of the 2 rows on Sep 10. The second row was used for residue sampling. Fruit were examined for worm damage and results expressed as % by number.
Potato Leafhopper Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1980
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at the Rose-mount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-in row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Potato leafhopper nymphs were counted from 35 mid-leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetles, 1980
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley T. S. , Wheeler Steven , Burrup Dave
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 15, 1980 in 26 inch rows in declo silt loam soil. Plots consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications were 14 ft by 40 ft and arranged in a complete randomized block design. Each plot was irrigated by four sprinkler heads. Plots were separated by 60 ft border zones. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inches of water was applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hour during each set. Clearing time was 20 minutes from Rep I to Rep IV. Lorsban, Imldan 50W and Sevin SL were each injected at 1 pound/ai into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hour of an 8 hour irrigation set. Injection time was 12 minutes. Pre and post application counts were made of Colorado Potato Beetles by recording total numbers of adult beetles observed in 40 ft of row.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1980
Authors: Sewell Gary H.
Published: March 2022

Experiments A and B were randomized complete block design with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was sown to oats in 1979. The planting date was May 23, 1980 for all experiments. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca. 75 g each were hand planted 30.0 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rhom & Haas M45 (1121 g/ha weeks of Jun 30 through Jul 22, 1781 g/ha weeks of Jul 25 through Aug 15, and 2242 g/ha weeks of Aug 18 and 29). Soil applications of insecticide were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 9.2, 13.3 and 7.2 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 15, 18.3 and 18.3°C.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1979
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted in a grower’s solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field. The soil type was Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls), and the organic matter content was less than 0.5%. The test area consisted of 4 adjacent blocks of 4 different application methods: prep I ant broadcast, at-plant sidedress, seed-piece furrow, and postemergence sidedress. Each plot measured 12.2 m long and 4 rows wide (86.4-cm row spacing). On Apr 20, broadcast applications were made: granules were broadcast with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder and liquid formulations with a hand-held, 2-row sprayer with a boom consisting of 4 TeeJet (No. AL80015) nozzles. Liquid formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 0.95 litre and applied at a rate of 224.5 litres/ha at a pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2. The plots were rototilled to a depth of 10.2-15.2 cm within 1 hr after application. On Apr 24-26, potato seed pieces were planted with a 2-row planter and the at-plant sidedress and seed-piece furrow applications were made. On May 30, postemergence sidedress materials were applied 2 rows at a time with tractor-mounted Gandy and liquid applicators in a manner similar to that used with the at-plant sidedress materials. On Sep 24-26, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each replicate (from ca. 4.6 m/row). All tubers were washed and examined for wireworm feeding, and the percentages, by weight, of tubers injured and damaged were determined. “Injured” was defined as any penetration of a tuber by a wireworm and “damage” as any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. All percentages were transformed to arcsine percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (a modified split plot design in which replications were within application blocks) and Duncan’s multiple range test. Materials that were not applied with all 4 application methods were not included in the analysis.
Greenhouse Transplant Pot-Applied Insecticides to Control Colorado Potato Beetle in Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Gautier Norman L. , Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were seeded to individual 4 in. pots in the greenhouse on Apr 9 ‘80. Insecticides were applied either 4 weeks or 2 weeks before transplanting: granular treatments were applied to pots and lightly incorporated; liquid treatments were applied to pots as a drench with 10 ml of water/pot. Plants were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 19. Field plots were arranged in a split-split plot design with 4 replications: whole plots were insecticides; split plots were rates of insecticdes; and split-split plots were time of application. Split-split plots consisted of 6 plants/row, 18 in. apart on a 5 ft bed. Insect counts were recorded on Jun 20; fruit were harvested on Jul 30 and Aug 15, weighed, and examined for Colorado potato beetle scars or damage. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper Control with Foliar Sprays And Soil Applied Systematics, 1981
Authors: Cooper R. M. , Lindquist R. K. , Johnson R. L.
Published: March 2022

Cut Norchip potatoes (size B) with 20 cm spacing on 1.5 m centers were machine-planted May 18. Treatment plots were single 7.6 m long rows replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. Between each treatment row was a border row which received granular Temik (3.0 lbs ai/acre) in-furrow at planting. The border rows helped prevent movement of beetles between treatments. A 4.6 m alley separated the replicates. The soil type was silt loam with O.M. 2,3% and pH 6.5. The herbicides Eptam 7EC (4.0 lb ai/acre) and Sencor 50WP (1 lb ai/acre) were applied pre-emergence and post-emergence, respectively.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Johnson Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 40 ft long,with 40 inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jul 2. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid apterae and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Soil Treatments of Experimental Insecticides for Control of Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Poweli D. M. , Warren J. W.
Published: March 2022

The soil type for this experiment was a Ritzville silt loam, Mesic Calciorthidic HaploxerolIs, with a pH of 6.2 and organic matter of 1.6%, at Yakima, Washington. The soil was prepared for planting the week of Apr 13-17. Eptam herbicide was applied over the entire experimental area. The plots were treated and planted with Russet Burbank potatoes on Apr 23. The the preplant broadcast (PPBC) treatments the insecticide granules were applied with a cyclone seeder applicator and then the granules were worked into the top 6 inches of soil with a rototiller. For the planting time furrow (PTF) treatments the insecticide granules were dribbled through a hand-held, funnel-type applicator into the open furrow over the potato seed pieces and then the seed and granules were covered with soil. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inches) wide and 10 ft long (1.72 m wide and 5.78 m long).
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 11-20 yr old apple trees at Monmouth, ME, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi at a rate of 300-350 gal/acre. The trees were sprayed on May 9 (tight cluster in Test 4 and pre-pink in Tests 1 and 2), May 28-30 (petal fall), Jun 5-12 (first cover), Jun 18-25 (second), Jul 1-9 (third), Jul 16-23 (fourth), Jul 30-Aug 7 (fifth), and Aug 12-20 (sixth); the cover spray on Aug 4 in Test 2 was repeated on Aug 10 because a 0.7 inch rain was recorded on Aug 5. Materials were applied on dates as noted in table. In Tests 1-3 the fungicide program (rates are per 100 gal) consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 6 dates. In Test 4 the fungicide program consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 7 dates, Manzate 200 80W (.75 lb) plus Benlate 50W (3 oz) on May 26 and Jun 4, and Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 19. In addition, Polyram 80W (2 lb) was tank-mixed with each insecticide at each spray in all tests. There were 7 single-tree replications/treatment in Test 1, and 4 in Tests 2-4. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 5 ‘Mcintosh’ and 2 ‘Spartan’ cultivars/treatment in Test 1; 3 ‘Mcintosh’ and 1 ‘Spartan’/treatment in Test 2; 2 ‘Red Delicious’ and 2 ‘Golden Delicious’/treatment in Test 3; and 4 ‘Mclntosh’/treatment in Test 4.
Colorado Potato Beetle, Potato Aphid, and Green Peach Aphid Control, 1981
Authors: Voss Robert H. , Gilbertson Robert L. , Ferro David N.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on May 4 in Sunderland, Massachusetts. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.5 Premerge was applied prior to planting. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of 230 ft rows, with 3 ft fallow area between each plot. Temik and Dacamox were applied directly to the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). Foliar treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer at 50-60 psi with a delivery rate of 75 gal/acre. Foliar spray applications were made on Jun 23 and 30; Jul 15, 22, and 30. For the Temik followed by Pydrin treatment, Pydrin was applied Jul 15, 22, and 30. For the Pydrin followed by Guthion treatment, Pydrin was applied for control of first generation CPB (Jun 23 and 30), and Guthion was applied for the second generation (Jul 15 and 30). L-676,863 plus JMS stylet-oil was applied Jun 23 and Jul 15. Insect counts and yields were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. Since, with few exceptions, all treatments were shown to be significantly different from the control, the Duncan’s Test was applied to the insecticide treatments alone (without the control) to give a better indication of the relative effectiveness of the various insecticides.
Control of Lygus and Aphid on Radish Seed Crops With Temik, 1979
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Lydrin L. V.
Published: March 2022

Radishes grown for seed in Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic HaploxerolIs) soil at Yakima, Washington, were sidedressed Temik at the time of bolting. The granules were injected 3 inches into the soil 5 inches from the plant row on May 21. The plots were rill irrigated immediately after the application. Each of the 4 replications in the randomized complete block design consisted of a plot 12 rows wide by 50 ft long. The rows were 22- and the plants 2 inches apart. Efficacy was determined by counting the number of aphids on 25-leaf samples or in 10 sweeps/plot as were the lygus weekly from May 23 through Aug 1. Phytotoxicity was determined by counting the number of plants in 8, 5-ft row sections/plot at harvest on Aug 1. The weight and percentage germination of the seeds from these plots was also recorded.
Insecticide Evaluation to Control Colorado Potato Beetle, European Corn Borer and Tomato Fruitworm
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam on May 26. Plots were single, 25 ft long rows on 5 ft wide centers. A guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied as a sidedress with light incorporation immediately after transplanting; foliar treatments were applied on Jun 8, 20, and 30; Jul 10, 20, and 27 and Aug 13. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Colorado potato beetle counts were recorded on Jul 24; percent beetle-damaged fruit were recorded on Aug 5. Fifty tomatoes from each plot were evaluated for damaged fruit caused by tomato fruitworms and European corn borers on Aug 26. Mixed red and blush tomatoes were harvested in all plots on Aug 11, Aug 25 and Sep 17. Yields were based on total harvest.
Mole Cricket Contorl in Tomato, 1981
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Tomato plants were set Mar 3, 1.5 ft apart on 30 inch wide by 8 inch high plastic mulched beds of Myakka fine sand. Insecticide was not applied but beds were fumigated with 350 lb/acre of Dowfume MC-33 prior to covering with plastic. Sand-filled screen (0.25 inch mesh) troughs (2 ft long x 6 inches x 6 inches) were buried flush lengthwise with the top of the beds in 5 ft sections of row which had not been planted. Troughs were spaced 18.5 ft apart within 3 rows spaced 4.5 ft apart. Five insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to 5 troughs of each of 2 replicates (8 S. vicinus/trough) on May 27, 2 replicates on Jun 12 (9 S. acletus/trough) and 1 replicate (3 S. acletus/trough) on Jun 24). One trough in each replicate was untreated. At the initiation of each replicate, 2 inches of soil was removed from each trough, field-collected adult mole crickets were introduced and the troughs were refilled with soil in which the insecticides had been thoroughly mixed. Screen lids were attached following treatment and troughs were covered with the plastic mulch. Five-six days later, the numbers of living and dead or moribund crickets were determined for each trough. Net percent mortality was calculated using Abbott’s formula and values were transformed by the arcsine of the square root of the %100 prior to analysis.
Lepidopterous Larval and Vegetable Leafminer Control on Fall Fresh Market Pole Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Hayashi J.T.
Published: March 2022

An experimental tomato planting (’7718VF’) was transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California south Coast Field Station, Santa Ana, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a latin square design. Replicates were 4 rows wide (7 ft centers) by 33 ft long.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1981
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

A 5 yr old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when the alfalfa was 24 to 30 inches tall with 25-30% of the plants showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 31 x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.6 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were made on May 28, 1981. Post-treatment samples were taken on May 31, Jun 4 and 11 and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net from each replicate.
Alfalfa, Second Cutting Insect Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L.
Published: March 2022

The test area was part of an established 20 acre alfalfa field. Spray of the compounds under test were applied on Jun 30 and evaluations made at 24 hr considering the high mobility of the Insects under test. The grasshoppers were ca 45% 2nd and 3rd stage differential grasshoppers, 45% 2nd to 4th stage redlegged grasshopper and 10% other grasshoppers species. Finished sprays were applied to 0.25 acre plots at 12 gpa and 40 psi. Materials were applie with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PT0 roller pump. Temperature at time of treatment was 82°F and alfalfa was ca 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 swee|i samples per plot.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1981
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN, on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied Jul 16 to 2nd year alfalfa in 54 x 50 ft (0.05 acre) plots in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure. Insect populations were sampled Jul 19 with a 15 inch diameter sweep net by taking 25 pendulum sweeps/plot.
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa Study, 1981
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 1 yr old stand of Saranac AR at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, OH was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractoi-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 x 60 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 6 inches tall at treatment and 24 inches tall at the completion of the study. Cygon was the standard.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1980
Authors: HelIman John L. , Curtis William , Levesque Kevin , Bassow Fern , Frishman Maria
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at Beltsville on a 1-yr-old stand of alfalfa. Damage was severe (100%) and pre-counts averaged 105 larvae/sweep. Treatment plots were 10 ft x 15 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pre-counts and treatments were made on May 6. Sprays were applied with a CO2 back pack boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 30 psi with hollow cone nozzles. Post-treatment counts were taken on May 10 and were based on 2 dip sweeps of a 15 inch standard net per plot.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Kentucky 1981
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C.
Published: March 2022

The experimental area was in a 3-yr-old stand of Buffalo variety alfalfa. The plots were 68 ft x 68 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty gal of spray was applied. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 TeeJet jozzIes and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of the leafhopper were determined! 2, 7, 15, and 22 days following treatment by collecting 25 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15 inch net. Treatments were applied Jun 17.
Topical Toxicity of Soil Insecticides to Western Corn Rootworm Adults in NE, 1981
Authors: Ball Harold J.
Published: March 2022

Western corn rootworm beetles were collected between Jul 13 and Aug 6 from corn at 19 geographical sites throughout NE and returned to the laboratory in Lincoln for testing. Mean weights for beetles from each collection site were determined prior to tretment. Unsexed beetles were individually treated by topical application of 1 ml of an acetone solution of the test insecticides to the posterior ventral abdominal area. Beetles were anesthesized with CO2 prior to treatment. Treatment solutions were prepared with reagent grade acetone using technical grade insecticides. Six to eignt dosages, plus an acetone check, were used to determine 2 hr LD50. values for all insecticides from all collection sites; 2 replicates of 10 insects each were used for each dosage rate tested. Insects were declared dead if they could not regain their footing 2 hr post-treatment. Dosage-mortality data were calculated in mg/g of insect weight using a FORTRAN computer program.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Bruss R. G. , Tollefson J. J.
Published: March 2022

Rootworm soil insecticide test plots were established at 6 Iowa locations in 1980. The experimental design for root-protection trials was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Inwood, Nashua and Newell (planted May 6, May 2 and May 15 in 38 inch, 30 inch and 30 inch rows) had single-row treatments, 50 ft long. Atlantic, Cresco, Johnston (planted May 8, May 9, and May 5 in 38 inch, 38 inch, and 30 inch rows) had double-row treatments 200 ft long. Yield tests at Nashua and Newell had double-row treatments 50 ft long which were replicated 12 times. The yield trial at Inwood had only 8 replications. Granules were applied in furrow or as a 7 inch band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on the planter. Liquids were banded with a self-contained small plot sprayer. All materials were delivered in front of the press wheels and incorporated with drag chains. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each row and rating the damage with the Iowa 1-6 scale. Yield was determined by combining 1/250 acre at Nashua and hand-picking 1/500 acre at Inwood at Newell. All yields were converted to bu/acre of number 2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture.
Control of Boll Weevils in Cotton with Insect Growth Regulators, 1981
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D. F. , Rogers R. L.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied on 8 row x 50 ft plots, arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates and 25 ft alleys. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with an auxiliary compressed air system with 2x3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 gpa of total solution. The oil treatments were applied in 2 gal of water and 0.5 gal of Dimoil. Six treatments were applied, beginning at early pinhead square stage on May 22 and ending on Jun 25. To evaluate the performance of the respective treatments, 25 1/3-grown squares per plot that had boll weevil egg-laying punctures were collected and placed in brown paper bags. The bags were placed on trays of moist sand and held for rearing 9-10 days.
Insecticide Treatments for Bollworm Control, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 on Loring silt loam soil at the West Tennessee Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots were oversprayed Jun 10 with Bidrin to suppress thrips and aphids. Insecticides were applied Aug 4, 20, 29, Sep 4 and 11 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. The number of bollworm damaged squares per 13 row ft was counted in each plot Sep 9-10. The number of bollworm damaged bolls per 6 row ft was counted Oct 21 in 3 replicates. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested Nov 9 and 25.
Fescue, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied to an established fescue pasture using 0.25 acre plots. The insecticides tested were applied on Jul 22 and evaluations made at 24 hr considering the high mobility of the insects under test. Most grasshoppers were 3rd and 4th instar redlegged grasshoppers. Finished sprays were applied to plots at 12 gpa and 40 psi. Materials were applied with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PT0 roller pump. Temperature at time of treatment was 87°F and fescue was ca 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 sweeps per plot. Each sweep of a 15 inch net was 180 while moving briskly forward. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Means presented in table are of actual counts. The data were transformed by for statistical evaluation.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper and Green Leafhopper Control on Rice, 1980
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Bailio R. P.
Published: March 2022

Four replications of 1 45-day-old plant each were sprayed with 6.25 ml of a 0.075% spray solution (equivalent to 0.75 kg ai/ha at a spray volume of 1,000 liters/ha and a 25 x 25 cm plant spacing) using a fine drop atomizer while revolving on a turntable. Treated plants were placed in a room at a temperature of 27 t 2°C. After treatment, plants were covered with mylar film cages. Twenty adult insects of each species were placed in each cage at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DT). Mortality readings were taken 48 hr after placing the insects on the treated plants after which the insects were removed.
Sorghum Midge Control, 1981
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

Funk’s G522DR was planted in Cecil loamy clay soil by conventional tillage methods on Jun 10 in Pike Co., GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows with a row spacing of 91 cm and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1 m alleys. Sprays were applied with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 280 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. The initial application was made on Aug 11 when plants were flowering and 4-5 adults/head were observed. A second application followed 3 days later. Spray was directed to opposite sides of heads to insure thorough coverage. Effectiveness of control was evaluated on Sep 4 by visually rating (0-9) midge damage on 20 randomly selected heads in each plot. Treatments were replicated 4X in a RCB experimental design.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Sorghum, 1981
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

Four tests evaluated the effectiveness of several materials in preventing damage to seedling and whorl-stage sorghum by lesser cornstalk borer larvae. All tests were planted with Funk’s G522DR by conventional tillage methods in Cecil loamy clay soil. Test 1 was planted on Jun 17 behind a winner Crimson clover crop. Tests 2 and 3 were planted behind wheat on Jun 24. Test 4 was planted on Jul 30 following sweet corn. Tests 1-3 were located in Pike Co., GA, while Test 4 was located near Griffin in Spalding Co. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows with a row spacing of 91 cm and were separated by 1 untreated row and 1-m alleys. Sprays were directed over the rows with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 468 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. Granules were applied over the rows with a 2-wheeled hand-pulled applicator. Materials were applied immediately after planting in Tests 2-4. A simulated chain drag was used to incorporate toxicants into the soil in these tests. Treatments were applied on Jun 24 in Test 1 when plants were in the seedling stage. Treatments were replicated 4X in a RCB experimental design in Tests 1, 2, and 4. Test 3 incorporated a split plot RCB design with 4 replications. In this test, whole plot treatments consisted of either burning or not burning wheat straw residue before tillage. Subplots were individual insecticide treatments. Control was evaluated in all tests by examining 50 randomly selected plants/plot for lesser cornstalk borer larvae or damage 2 or 4 weeks after treatment.
Insect Control on Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN, on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied Jul 20 to plots 54 x 54 ft (0.05 acre) in a randomized block design with 4 replications using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure. Insect populations were sampled 1 and 7 days after spraying by taking 100 pendulum sweeps/plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net. All treatments except Thuricide controlled potato leafhopper and all treatments appeared effective against green cloverworm larvae. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Tretments on Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Dobrin Chris
Published: March 2022

Ninety plots were located 3 miles west of Hebron, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30 inch centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 30 treatments. Treatments were applied on aug 18, with a 4-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 52.1 mls/sec at 40 psi, calculated to 29.9 gal/acre rate). Spray nozzles were TeeJet TX5 Brass Tip. Weather conditions at time of application were: mostly clear, ca 85°F, humid, with a slight breeze. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled with a 15 inch dia sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on aug 13 (pre-treatment), Aug 19 (1 day post-treatment), Aug 25 (7 days post-treatment), and Sep 1 (14 days post-treatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae and bean leaf beetle (BLB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Soybeans were hand harvested on Sep 30.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control with Systemic Insecticide-Nematicides, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. , Hayes R. W. , Chambers A. Y.
Published: March 2022

Essex variety soybean was planted May 8 at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Bedford variety (resistant to races 1, 3, and 4 of the soybean cyst nematode Heteroderaglycines) was planted as a nematode resistant check. Subplots were two 40 inch rows by 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a split plot design. The soil type was a Memphis silt loam (0-M.:1.1456; pH:6.1). Soil moisture was good with 1.12 inches of rain during the week following planting. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow or in an incorporated 8 inch band in front of the planter sword. Furadan 4F (2.0 lb ai/acre) was applied in an 8 inch band behind the press wheel at 8.9 gal of spray per acre. Lexone herbicide was applied pre-emergence to specified main plots in 20 gal of spray per acre (8003 tips, 30 psi, and 4 mph). Nematode populations were below damaging levels. Beetle counts were made 3 weeks after planting by counting the number of dead bean leaf beetle (BLB) in 3 ft of row in each row. Sub-plots were harvested Oct 7 and yields expressed as bu/acre at 13% moisture.
Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control in Soybean, 1980
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Bishton Michael C. , Davis Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling corn earworms and green cloverworms. Insecticides were applied on Aug 29 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Harold Delano Farm in Richmond County near Warsaw, VA. Individual plots were 4 rows 50 ft long spaced 2.5 ft apart. A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 26.5 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 3 and 7 days after application by comparing the number of corn earworms and green cloverworms per 20 sweeps (15 inch dia net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Glabrous and Pubescent Soybean Isolines, 1981
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Higgins R. , Pedigo L.
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of 3 soil-incorporated, systemic insecticides in potato leafhopper (PLH) control was evaluated in 124 plots near Ames, IA. Soil type was a poorly drained, Coland clay loam. The 29 treatments and 2 checks were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Plots, each measuring 8 m x 4 rows (76 cm centers), were planted on May 13. Granular insecticides were applied at planting by 1 of 3 methods (surface band, in-furrow, or deep furrow) to either the glabrous (= susceptible) or pubescent (= resistant) Clark var. isoline. A 2 row buffer of the glabrous isoline surrounded each plot. Emergence occurred on May 25. Precipitation during May and Jun totalled 2.5 cm and 10.4 cm respectively, which is well below normal levels of 11.4 cm and 14.7 cm, respectively. Phytotoxicity ratings and stand counts were taken 15 days post-emergence. Adult PLH were sampled using a D-Vac vacuum insect net (.09 m2 sampling cone) with 8 subsampIes/plot. Adult samples (18, 32, 46, and 66 days post-emergence) were taken on Jun 11-12 (1-trifollate stage), Jun 26 (6-trifoliate stage), Jul 10 (full bloom), and Jul 30 (beginning pod formation). Yield response was assessed on Oct 7 by harvesting 6 row m/plot.
Green Peach Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1981
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

‘McNair 944’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 4 ft rows with 20 inch row spacing on May 12. Treatment plots, 20 ft (12 plants) x 4 ft (1 row), were separated on each side by untreated border rows and they were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 5 times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer, 3 nozzles/row, 60 gal/acre, 60 psi and TG-3 solid cone nozzles in Jul. Four of the insecticides tested were applied alone and in combination with Ortho X77 spreader sticker at 0.5 pt/acre. Green peach aphids were counted on 2 upper leaves (ca 18 inches long) of 5 plants/plot, at 1 day pre-treatment and 3 and 12 days post-treatment. Tobacco flea beetles were counted on 5 plants/plot at 12 days post-treatment.
Control of Green Peach Aphid and Tobacco Budworm on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1981
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D.
Published: March 2022

Tobacco ‘Madole’ was transplanted on May 22 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Sprays were applied on a 14 day schedule for a total of 5 applications beginning Jun 10. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer using a 10 row boom with 1 full-cone nozzle per row which delivered 20 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plots were 125 x 10 rows (42 inch spacing) with 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys, and plants were spaced 36 inches within rows. Budworm counts were based on the average number/100 plants. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Soil type was Mountview silt loam at pH 6.6.
Aphid Control on Irrigated Spring Wheat, 1981
Authors: Pike K. S.
Published: March 2022

Two trials were conducted at the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser. In the 1st trial, wheat plots at the milky-ripe stage of growth were treated with foliar applied insecticides on Jun 10. In the 2nd trial, wheat in the dough stage was treated June 17. All treatments were made with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 898 liters/ha at 276 KPa (96 gpa at 40 psi). Temperatures at the time of application were 18°C and 19°C for the 1st and 2nd trials, respectively. Plots were 1 x 9 m, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design in each trial. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 5 or 10 randomly selected wheat heads from each plot at pretreatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
A Program for Two-Way Anova and Duncan’s New Multiple-Range Test on a Small, Programmable Calculator
Authors: Johnson Eric M. , Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

Nelson (I & A Tests, 1:4-9) explained the importance of the role of statistics in Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. Since then, statistical analysis of data included in the reports has become the rule rather than the exception. C. W. Averre’s (I & A Tests, 2:7-10) contribution of a program for a two-way analysis of variance on a Texas Instrument SR52 calculator was instrumental in this increase. Since his publication, the SR52 has been replaced by the Tl programmable 59. The TI59 is similar to the SR52 in that programs can e stored on magnetic cards. However, the TI59 has the capacity to program up to 960 steps (compared with the SR52’S 223) and solid state software library modules are available that can be inserted in the back of the calculator. The TI59 lists for $237.50 but is available from many sources for under $200. The modules list for $40. the same printer used with the SR52 may be used with the TI59.
Western Spruce Budworm Aerial Field Test, 1979
Authors: Markin George P. , Johnson David R.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides, Pounce, Imidan, and Sevin 4-oil, were each applied at 3 dosage rates against 4th and 5th instar larvae of the western spruce budworm in central Montana, July 3-10. Pounce and Imidan were each mixed with water for a total applied volume of 1 gai/acre with 0.1% rhodamine dye added as a marking agent. The chemicals were applied with 8002-flat fan nozzle tips from a helicopter 50 ft above treetops at 45 mph. Spray plots were 50 acres in size and at 5500-6000 ft elevation. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate, with 5 additional plots for each chemical left untreated as checks. Larval populations from 15 Douglas-fir trees in each plot were measured before spray and at 3 intervals after spray. Defoliation was assessed from the same sample trees when more than 50% pupation had occurred. Although Sevin 4-oil (carbaryl) currently is registered at 1 lb ai/acre for control of the western spruce budworm, tests of lower dosage rates were conducted. Procedures and design were the same as for the 2 new chemicals, except the Sevin 4-oil was mixed in diesel fuel and applied at a total volume of 0.5 gal/acre by Beecomist nozzles.
Spruce Spider Mite Control on American Arborvitae, Richland Co., Ohio, 1980
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Thuja occidental is (2.5-3 m high) growing in a nursery on 1.2 m centers in 2 rows ca 150 m long were used to evaluate acaricides against spruce spider mite, Oligonychusununguis (Jacobi). The block was also used in 1979 for a similar test, but trees treated previously were not used in 1980. Treatments were assigned to trees randomly, but an effort was made to distribute each treatment over the entire experimental area. Treatments were applied using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpms and delivering 420 ml/min. Six plants were sprayed with each treatment for 60 sec on Aug 29 under sunny skies at 24-26°C and an 8-16 kph breeze. On Sep 9, 3 of the plants in each treatment were sprayed again as above. Ambient temperature was 21°C with partly cloudy skies and a slight breeze. Rain occurred ca 45 min after application. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 2,3, and 4 weeks after the first application, during each evaluation, 10 branch ends 15-18 cm, long were selected from each tree from between 1 and 2 m above ground and transported in plastic bags in an air conditioned vehicle to the laboratory. Twenty-five tips (5 - 7.5 cm long), comprising ca 400 cm , were clipped from the 10 Branch ends from each tree for population assessment. Each tip was passed through a mite brush 6 times to dislodge mites on to a rotary glass plate coated with Tween-20. Living and dead nymphs and adults trapped on 8 of 12 equal sections on the plate were counted. Counts were multiplied by 1.5 to calculate mites/unit area of foliage. Each evaluation required collection of foliage from ca half of the trees during a morning, drying foliage in the laboratory, and processing the samples the same day. This procedure minimized mite mortality during the evaluation process. Sample collection each day required 1 man-hour; each sample (rep) was processed in 0.5 man-hours
Insecticide Efficacy Against Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Massachusetts Golf Course, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Four granular insecticides were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle grubs on a golf course rough in Bolton, MA. All materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar, with applications made in 2 directions within each 3.05 m square plot. All tests were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 2 cm water was applied to the area immediately after materials were applied. Insecticides were applied either on Aug 12 or Sep 9. All plots were sampled on Oct 1. A 0.093 sq m section of sod, ca 7.5 cm deep, was removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.