bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Чувствительность коаксиальных зондов для измерения комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости диссипативных сред
Authors: Иванов Виктор Кузьмич , Силин Александр Олегович , Стадник Александр Михайлович
Published: December 2022

Исследована чувствительность двух зондов, применяемых в диапазоне СВЧ для определения комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости диссипативных сред методом открытого конца коаксиальной линии. Рассчитаны ошибки определения диэлектрических параметров различных биологических тканей, обусловленные погрешностями измерения комплексного коэффициента отражения.
Разложение нестационарных электромагнитных потенциалов по парциальным функциям электродинамической системы
Authors: Грицунов Александр Валентинович
Published: December 2022

Рассмотрены новые базисные функции для декомпозиции скалярного и векторного потенциалов нестационарных негармонических электромагнитных полей, возбуждаемых в дисперсных электродинамических системах потоками заряженных частиц. Это так называемые парциальные функции электродинамических систем (синонимы: парциальные осцилляторы, осциллеты). Отличием их от собственных функций электродинамических систем является пространственная локализация. Осциллеты позволяют получить одинаково наглядное решение волнового уравнения как на начальных этапах переходного процесса, так и в стационарном режиме. Они предпочтительны также при численном анализе возбуждения полей в электродинамических системах с непрерывным спектром собственных функций.
Фазирующие фильтры высоких порядков в токовом базисе на многополюсных транскондуктивных усилителях
Authors: Достал Томаш , Рыбин Александр Иванович
Published: December 2022

Показана возможность использования многополосных транскондуктивных усилителей в специальных фазирующих фильтрах высоких порядков.
Выбор количества компенсационных каналов и месторасположения приемников с неидентичными АЧХ и ФЧХ в РЛС с ФАР в условиях гауссовых шумовых помех
Authors: Рябуха Вячеслав Петрович , Семеняка Андрей Викторович , Катюшин Евгений Анатольевич , Атаманский Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена анализу потенциальной эффективности оптимальной пространственной обработки сигналов и реальной эффективности адаптивной пространственной обработки сигналов на основе адаптивного решетчатого фильтра для защиты РЛС контроля воздушного пространства с ФАР от гауссовых шумовых помех. При этом рассматриваются неидентичные амплитудно-частотные (АЧХ) и фазочастотные (ФЧХ) характеристики приемников, установленных на выходах антенных элементов активной ФАР, модулей пассивной ФАР, а также выделенных основного и компенсационных каналов. На основе этого анализа сформулированы практические рекомендации по выбору количества компенсационных каналов и месторасположения приемников с неидентичными АЧХ и ФЧХ для эффективной защиты РЛС с ФАР от шумовых помех. Показано, что установка приемников на выходах элементов или модулей требует обеспечения высокой степени идентичности их АЧХ и ФЧХ. Более предпочтительным является установка приемников на выходах выделенных основного и компенсационных каналов при увеличении количества компенсационных каналов в 2–3 раза, по сравнению с их количеством при идентичных каналах.
Трехзондовая реализация микроволновой интерферометрии для измерения перемещения с учетом коэффициента отражения антенны
Authors: Андреев Михаил , Дробахин Олег , Салтыков Дмитрий , Горев Николай , Коджеспирова Инна
Published: December 2022

В статье рассматривается задача измерения перемещения с помощью трехзондовой реализации микроволновой интерферометрии в случаях, когда коэффициенты отражения объекта и антенны сравнимы. Представлен трехзондовый метод измерения перемещения с учетом коэффициента отражения антенны. В этом методе перемещение объекта определяется из двух квадратурных сигналов посредством метода развертывания фазы. Выражения для квадратурных сигналов включают в себя неизвестный модуль коэффициента отражения объекта. Для определения этого модуля получено уравнение, связывающее его с токами детекторов и коэффициентом отражения антенны. Показано, что модуль коэффициента отражения объекта определяется как меньший положительный корень этого уравнения при условии, что сумма модулей отражения объекта и антенны не превышает единицы. Из-за малости коэффициента отражения антенны это условие выполняется почти всегда при измерениях в свободном пространстве. Для проверки предложенного метода проведено моделирование определения перемещения объекта, осуществляющего синусоидальные колебания. Моделирование показало, что при сопоставимости коэффициентов отражения объекта и антенны метод позволяет снизить погрешность определения перемещения в несколько раз по сравнению с пренебрежением отражением от антенны даже при наличии заметной шумовой составляющей в токах детекторов. Предлагаемый метод может быть использован при разработке микроволновых датчиков перемещения.
Внутриполушарная симметрия перфузии головного мозга. Часть 2. Клинические исследования
Authors: Николов Николай Александрович , Новикова Т. Г. , Макеев С. С. , Стеблюк В. В. , Цикало В. О.
Published: December 2022

В работе выполнена оценка клинической значимости количественного критерия внутриполушарной симметрии (ВПС) перфузии головного мозга (ГМ) по данным однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ) с перфузионным радиофармпрепаратом, у пациентов с умеренной черепно-мозговой травмой вследствие боевой контузии. Проанализированы результаты обследования 44 пациентов. Основными материалами для сопоставления были ОФЭКТ изображения ГМ с 99mTc-ГМПАО, и данные нейропсихологического тестирования (НПТ), такие как оценка вегетативных нарушений по Вейну, психоэмоциональной сферы, оценка выраженности симптомов травматического поражения мозга на основе опросника К. Цицерона, оценка выраженности посттравматического стрессового расстройства на основе тестов PCL-military. Результаты анализа скатерограмм между различными количественными критериями НПТ и критерия ВПС в сегментах ГМ показали кластеризацию данных и нелинейную взаимосвязь. В ряде случаев эта взаимосвязь характеризуется пороговыми эффектами (катастрофы, бифуркации). В связи с этим оценку психоэмоциональных и когнитивных нарушений на основе данных ОФЭКТ и ВПС целесообразно проводить на основе кусочно-полиномиальных, линейных, или параболических функций. Впервые показана клиническая информативность критерия ВПС перфузии ГМ по данным ОФЭКТ, позволяющая количественно оценить психоэмоциональные и когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с умеренной черепно-мозговой травмой вследствие боевой контузии, с сопровождающим развитием посттравматического стрессового расстройства.
Multi-step prediction in linearized latent state spaces for representation learning
Authors: Tytarenko Andrii
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we derive a novel method as a generalization over LCEs such as E2C. The method develops the idea of learning a locally linear state space by adding a multi-step prediction, thus allowing for more explicit control over the curvature. We show that the method outperforms E2C without drastic model changes which come with other works, such as PCC and P3C. We discuss the relation between E2C and the presented method and derive update equations. We provide empirical evidence, which suggests that by considering the multi-step prediction, our method – ms-E2C – allows learning much better latent state spaces in terms of curvature and next state predictability. Finally, we also discuss certain stability challenges we encounter with multi-step predictions and how to mitigate them.
MARIANISMO SITUADO NO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO DE SOBRAL, CEARÁ
Authors: Moraes Antonio Jarbas Barros de
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma interpretação de algumas lugaridades situadas a partir do marianismo, vinculado ao bispado da diocese de Sobral, no estado brasileiro do Ceará. Na metodologia produzimos uma revisão de fontes documentais bibliográficas, lançando mão da categoria espaço geográfico correlacionada com os conceitos de cultura e lugar. Os sites, matérias de jornais, redes sociais, iconografias e experiências de sete anos na cidade também orientaram a abordagem geográfica. Partimos do pressuposto de que, se há um movimento eclesial na cultura cuja masculinidade é privilegiada em detrimento de temários como do sagrado feminino, teremos também um movimento espacial de tensões conceituais sob um processo, devocional e patrimonial, dimensionado do Nordeste à geografia latino-americana, no debate geopolítico da religião.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DAS ALTERAÇÕES REALIZADAS NOS PLANOS DIRETORES DA CIDADE DE RONDONÓPOLIS-MT
Authors: Negri Silvio
Published: December 2022

O planejamento constitui-se um papel essencial na efetivação de projetos, no alcance de objetivos e metas, em todas as esferas sociais, especificamente na organização de uma cidade. A organização de uma cidade pode ser efetivada por meio de um Plano Diretor, que representa um instrumento que normatiza, organiza e desenvolve medidas para solucionar problemas, em diversos aspectos na cidade. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar análise comparativa das alterações efetivadas nos Planos Diretores da cidade de Rondonópolis, no estado de Mato Grosso, no período de 1994 a 2021. Considerando que as cidades têm um relevante papel para a sociedade, proporcionando efetividade em diversos setores, como: para serviços, culturais, sociais, ambientais, educacionais, dados dos seus habitantes, e para esse controle se faz necessário a construção de um Plano Diretor. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo aplicação de pesquisas em sites oficiais de busca, livros e documentos que abordam sobre a temática, assim como dados do arquivo da cidade de Rondonópolis, um dos materiais consultados frequentemente foram as Leis Municipais nº 2.118/94, 4.788/2006, 6.693/2011 e 7.426/2012, da cidade pesquisada. Conclui-se que é necessário que a cidade tenha competência administrativa e técnica, também relacionais para que se cumpra a construção efetiva de políticas públicas, de ações que envolvem a efetivação do Plano Diretor, e consequentemente desenvolvimento da cidade.
CERRADO E OS ANDARILHOS SOBRE O ESPAÇO DESCERRADO
Authors: Oliveira Adão Francisco de
Published: December 2022

Este texto tem por finalidade discutir as configurações territoriais do Cerrado brasileiro ao longo do século XX na perspectiva da formação socioespacial no contexto do modo de produção capitalista e sua decorrente divisão regional do trabalho. Não obstante, ousa interagir esta condição de método com a perspectiva da produção social do espaço. Elaborado para dialogar com o arqueólogo Altair Sales Barbosa na mesa de abertura da II Semana Integrada do Cerrado – “Cerrado: Saberes, Usos e Abusos”, aborda-se o Cerrado compreendendo-o como uma estrutura biogeográfica afetada pela expansão do capitalismo agrário. O texto aborda ainda a dinâmica da fronteira capitalista sobre o centro-norte do país no século XXI e apresenta a compreensão sintética desse processo como sendo a Marcha para o Oeste em cinco atos.
Generation of singlet oxygen by porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives regarding the oxygen level
Authors: Pola Martin , Kolarova Hana , Bajgar Robert
Published: December 2022

Background. The principle of photodynamic effect is based on the combined action of photosensitiser, molecular oxygen and light, which produce various reactive oxygen species and are associated with significant cellular damage. Singlet oxygen is one of the most serious representatives, which is characterised by powerful oxidising properties. Moreover, concomitant hyperbaric oxygen treatment can support these effects. Therefore, the subject of our study was to compare the yields of singlet oxygen for four different photosensitizers in dependency on the oxygen concentration.
Material and methods. Four different photosensitizers 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate), tetramethylthionine chloride, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II) and zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate were investigated to determine the yield of singlet oxygen in PBS by Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green reagent under different partial pressures of oxygen (0.4 and 36 mg/l).
Results. There were no noticeable shifts in the excitation and emission fluorescence spectra regarding the oxygen concentration. Concerning the same molar concentration of photosensitizers the production of singlet oxygen was highest for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II), where the rate of the fluorescence change was more than 3 times higher than that obtained for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate). On the other hand, zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate showed the lowest yield in singlet oxygen production.
Conclusions. Singlet oxygen production, within the range of oxygen concentrations achievable in tissues under normoxia or hyperoxia, does not depend on these concentrations. However, the singlet oxygen generation is significantly influenced by the type of photosensitizer, with the highest yield belonging to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II).
Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Niemz Markolf H. , Stein Siegfried W.
Published: December 2022

Today's concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein's theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it isn't compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: There is indeed an issue in "Einstein time" (Einstein's concept of time) because it takes the proper time of one observer as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. We claim that there is a 4D vector "flow of time" for each object, which must be rotated in 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES) when transforming coordinates. SR and GR work well as approximations, but only if we consider objects on and close to Earth, where that vector is nearly the same. We replace Einstein time with Euclidean time, which takes the proper time of an object as its fourth coordinate. Unlike other models of Euclidean relativity (ER), we claim that reality is only formed by projecting ES to an observer's 3D space. We prove: The Lorentz factor is recovered in ER; acceleration relates to a 4D rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics! We solve 13 mysteries, such as mc2, gravitational time dilation, the Hubble constant, wave–particle duality, and entanglement. Four concepts (inflation/expansion of space, dark energy, non-locality) become redundant. We conclude: Occam's razor knocks out Einstein time.
A Duality Principle and a Concerning Convex Dual Formulation Suitable for Non-convex Variational Optimization
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: December 2022

This article develops a duality principle and a related convex dual formulation suitable for a large class of models in physics and engineering. The results are based on standard tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations and duality theory. In particular, we develop applications to a model in non-linear elasticity.
A Systematic Assessment for the Co-Design of Green Infrastructure Prototypes - A Case Study in Urban Costa Rica
Authors: Chapa Fernando , Perez Rubi María , Hack Jochen
Published: December 2022

The management of urban water has evolved from single-function systems to more sustainable designs promoting society and nature as inputs to engineer novel infrastructure. In transdisciplinary research, co-design refers to a design thinking strategy in which people jointly frame a problem-solution. This article presents a conceptual framework to assess a case study focusing on the process of co-design and implementation of green infrastructure as a prototype for stormwater management. The evaluation is carried out from a self-reflective post-implementation perspective. Research activities are translated into the framework to evaluate conditions shaping the trajectory of the prototype. As a result, key aspects driving the research regarding levels of stakeholder participation and dimensions of power are identified. Planning resilient co-design strategies to retrofit urban spaces is necessary to avoid unintended consequences, especially at the initial experimental stages. This study aims to contribute to the continuous improvement of pilot strategies in urban spaces by providing a framework for a structured evaluation of research experiences.
Isolation and Bioassay of a New Terminalone A from Terminalia arjuna
Authors: Bushra Bushra , Rehman Khalil ur , Khan Dilfaraz , Almehizia Abdulrahman A. , Naglah Ahmed M. , Al-Wasidi Asma S. , Refat Moamen S. , El-Sayed Mohamed Y. , Ullah Hamid , Khan Shafiullah
Published: December 2022

Terminalia arjuna possesses significant cardio protective, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties as these properties are described in Ayurveda. In the present study, three flavonoids were isolated through the separation and chromatographic purification of the whole plant material of T. arjuna. Spectroscopic characterization identified one of them as a new flavonoid “Terminalone A (1)” and two known flavonoids i.e. 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (2) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (3). The bioactivity studies showed considerable antibacterial and antioxidant (DPPH was used as a scavenger) potential for all the three compounds 1-3 where the compound 1 showed strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
Vendor-Agnostic Reconfiguration of Kubernetes Clusters in Cloud Federations
Authors: Truyen Eddy , Xie Hongjie , Joosen Wouter
Published: December 2022

Kubernetes (K8s) defines standardized APIs for container-based cluster orchestration so it becomes possible for application managers to deploy their applications in a unified manner across different cloud providers. A practical problem is however feature incompatibility between different K8s vendors, who offer commercial K8s products based on the open-source K8s distribution. A large number of documented features in this open-source distribution are optional features that are turned off by default, but can be activated by setting specific combinations of parameters and plug-in components in configuration manifests for the K8s control plane and worker node agents. However, none of these configuration manifests are standardized, giving K8s vendors the freedom to hide the manifests behind a single, more restricted, and proprietary customization interface. Therefore some optional K8s features cannot be activated consistently across K8s vendors and applications that require these features cannot be run on those vendors. In this paper we present a unified, vendor-agnostic feature management approach that bypasses the proprietary customization interface of K8s vendors in order to consistently activate optional K8s features across a federation of clusters hosted by different Kubernetes vendors. We describe vendor-agnostic reconfiguration tactics that are already applied in industry and cover a wide range of optional K8s features. Based on these tactics, we design and implement an autonomic controller for declarative feature compatibility management across a cluster federation. We found that the features configured through our vendor-agnostic approach have no impact on application performance when compared with a cluster where the features are configured using the configuration manifests of the open-source K8s distribution. Moreover, the maximum time to complete reconfiguration of a single feature is within 100 seconds, which is 6 times faster than using proprietary customization interfaces of mainstream K8s vendors such as Google Kubernetes Engine. However, there is a non-negligible disruption to running applications when performing the reconfiguration; this disruption impact does not appear using the proprietary customization methods of the K8s vendors. Therefore, our approach is best applied in the following three use cases: (i) when starting up new K8s clusters, (ii) when optional K8s features of existing clusters must be activated as quickly as possibly and temporary disruption to running applications can be tolerated or (iii) when proprietary customization interfaces do not allow to activate the desired optional feature.
The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in Promoting Sustainability and Circular Economy. A Data-Driven Analysis
Authors: Laureti Lucio , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: December 2022

In this article we investigate the role of “Renewable Energy Consumption” in the context of Circular Economy. We use data from the World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We perform several econometric techniques i.e., Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS. Our results show that “Renewable Energy Consumption” is positively associated among others to “Cooling Degree Days” and “Adjusted savings: net forest depletion” and negatively associated among others to “GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF” and “Mean Drought Index”. Furthermore, we perform a cluster analysis with the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of two clusters. Finally, we compare eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the value of Renewable Energy Consumption. Our results show that the Polynomial Regression is the best algorithm in the sense of prediction and that on average the renewable energy consumption is expected to growth of 2.61%.
“Green products”: A review with the Consumer Buying Process framework
Authors: Cao Yanghui
Published: December 2022

Green consumption has become a crucial academic and practical topic with the increasing environmental-protection awareness of scholars, industries and consumers. However, the growth in green purchasing may not reflect the concerns. This study aims to synthesize recent research, and points several causes of low purchases to green products in the consumer perspective, and provide a comprehensive understanding to the realistic consumer decision-making process. Through the scope of Consumer Buying Process framework, this study systematically reviewed 73 credible articles on green purchase behaviour published from 2010 to 2022. Main constructs and theories applied in selected literature is further discussed in each sector of the CBP framework. The study results showed the green purchase process may have a ‘loop tendency’ that falls into the circulation of construction of evaluation and adoption of those evaluation. Moreover, purchasing behaviour which performed by minority of the consumers may not be strong enough to form a valid social norm, and the current available still lacked power to fulfil consumer needs. The lack of research to impulsive purchasing behaviour, or the emotions of consumers are under-researched, thus how the emotional appraisals affect consumer green purchasing may require more research. With the modified consumer buying process framework, this study highlights the importance of creating memorable experience and build strong emotional communications with consumers. In addition, triggering the collective empathy is recommended to be an effective way of constructing consistent social norms thus enhance the green purchasing intention of consumers.
The First Analysis of Synaptonemal Complexes in Jawless Vertebrates: Chromosome Synapsis and Transcription Reacti-vation at Meiotic Prophase I in the Lamprey Lampetra Fluviati-lis (Petromyzontiformes, Cyclostomata)
Authors: Matveevsky Sergey , Tropin Nikolay , Kucheryavyy Aleksandr , Kolomiets Oxana
Published: December 2022

This paper presents results of the experiments performed on a nonconventional and extremely interesting in regard to evolution, creature, the European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (Petromyzontiformes, Cyclostomata), one of the oldest taxa of vertebrates. We present detailed immunocytochemical and electron microscopy analyses of chromosome synapsis, the transcription process, and chromatin dynamics in lamprey prophase I, which is the first time for science. We found that not all chromosomes complete synapsis. Rounded structures were detected in chromatin and in some synaptonemal complexes but their nature could not be determined conclusively. An analysis of RNA polymerase II distribution led to the conclusion that transcriptional reactivation in lamprey prophase I is not associated with the completion of chromosome synapsis. Monomethylated histone H3K4 is localized to meiotic chromatin throughout prophase I, and this pattern has not been previously detected in the animals. Thus, the findings made it possible to identify synaptic and epigenetic patterns specific for this group, and to add new pieces of the puzzle to the discussions of the scientific issues under study. The research on lamprey meiotic chromatin and chromosomal dynamics raises many questions leading to new discoveries.
Si-Cr Alloys at Nanoscale
Authors: Maksimovic Jovan , Mu Haoran , Han Molong , Smith Daniel , Katkus Tomas , Anand Vijayakumar , Nishijima Yoshiaki , Ng Soon Hock , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: December 2022

Ultra-short 230 fs laser pulses of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into 700 nm focal spots and utilised in opening ~ 400 nm nano-holes in a Cr etch mask that was tens-of-nm thick. Nano-holes ablated at slightly above the threshold of ablation irradiance became nano-disks and nano-rings at slightly lower pulse energies. Subtle sub-1 nJ pulse energy control was harnessed to pattern large surface areas with controlled nano-alloying of Si and Cr. This technique is extendable to vacuum-free large area patterning of nanolayers by alloying them at distinct locations with sub-diffraction resolution. Such metal masks with nano-hole opening can be used for formation of random patterns of nano-needles with sub-100 nm separation when applied to dry etching of Si.
PENGARUH CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TIGA VARIETAS TANAMAN TERONG (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Anggeliana Setiyanti Aisyah Nurvipta , Guniarti Guniarti , Santoso Pikir Juli
Published: December 2022

Usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi terong ungu pada lahan tercekam kekeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menguji varietas-varietas terong ungu yang sudah beredar terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Uji dilakukan dengan mengamati parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas terong ungu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toleransi beberapa varietas terong ungu terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah plastik lahan Dusun Umbut Legi, Desa Kemuning, Kecamatan Tarik, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur pada bulan November 2021 sampai Maret 2022. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split-Plot Design) faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Petak utamanya (Main Plot) adalah cekaman kekeringan dengan 3 taraf, yaitu: a) C0, kadar air 100% kapasitas lapang sebagai kontrol, b) C1, kadar air 75% kapasitas lapang, c) C2, kadar air 50% kapasitas lapang. Sedangkan anak petaknya (Sub Plot) adalah varietas tanaman terong ungu dengan 3 taraf yaitu: a) V1 Antaboga-1, b) V2 Lezata F1, dan c) V3 Ratih Ungu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Antaboga mempunyai karakter lebih toleran terhadap kekeringan yang ditunjukkan pada parameter rerata tinggi tanaman, jumlah buah per tanaman per periode panen, jumlah buah total per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman per periode panen, dan bobot buah total panen per tanaman.
PROFIL TEKSTUR, DAYA REHIDRASI, COOKING LOSS MIE KERING SUBSTITUSI PASTA LABU KUNING DAN PEWARNA ALAMI
Authors: Rachma Sari Anisa , Siqhny Zulhaq Dahri
Published: December 2022

Bahan pangan lokal tinggi karbohidrat seperti labu kuning berpotensi sebagai substitusi terigu. Substitusi pasta labu kuning dan penambahan pewarna alami dalam pembuatan mie kering mempengaruhi sifat tekstur dan kualitas pemasakan mie. Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari formulasi mie kering substitusi pasta labu kuning dan penambahan pewarna alami dan menganalisa karakteristik sifat tekstur dan kualitas pemasakan mie kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK satu faktor yaitu perbandingan tepung terigu dan konsentrasi pasta labu kuning dengan 6 level yaitu : 100% tepung terigu dan 0% pasta labu kuning dengan penambahan dan atau tanpa penambahan sari wortel, 90% tepung terigu dan 10% pasta labu kuning hingga 60% tepung terigu dan 40% pasta labu kuning dengan penambahan sari wortel. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 4x. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: kekerasan, kekompakan, kekenyalan, kelengketan, daya kunyah, daya rehidrasi serta cooking loss. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan penambahan pasta labu kuning dan sari wortel tidak berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan, kekompakan, kelengketan dan daya kunyah, akan tetapi berpengaruh terhadap kekenyalan, daya rehidrasi serta cooking loss mie kering. Substitusi pasta labu kuning 20% dan penambahan sari wortel dalam pembuatan mie merupakan formulasi terbaik karena nilai cooking loss rendah, daya rehidrasi tinggi dan sifat tekstur yang sama dengan mie dari tepung terigu.
Pemodelan Kinetika Pengeringan Daun Bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.)) Dengan Metode Pengeringan Tenaga Surya
Authors: Lestari Nunik , Samsuar Samsuar
Published: December 2022

Metode pengeringan yang digunakan dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik pengeringan dan kualitas produk akhir seperti parameter warna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mengenai kinetika pengeringan daun bidara, mencari model matematika yang paling sesuai dengan karakteristik pengeringannya, serta menganalisis perubahan warna daun bidara kering dan hasil seduhannya. Proses pengeringan dilakukan dengan 2 perlakuan, yaitu menggunakan alat pengering tenaga surya dan dengan penjemuran di ruang terbuka memanfaatkan sinar matahari secara langsung. Terdapat 13 model matematika pengeringan lapis tipis yang dipilih untuk simulasi karakteristik pengeringan daun bidara. Identifikasi nilai Lab* digunakan untuk menghitung indeks pencoklatan (browning index) daun akibat metode pengeringan yang digunakan. Hasil pengujian menyatakan bahwa alat pengering tenaga surya dapat meningkatkan laju pengeringan daun bidara, sehingga mempersingkat durasi pengeringan. Adapun model Diffuision Approach merupakan model matematika yang paling akurat dalam mendeskripsikan karakteristik pengeringan daun bidara untuk kedua metode pengeringan yang diujikan berdasarkan nilai konstanta yang dihasilkan. Masing-masing metode pengeringan mempengaruhi reaksi pencoklatan dari daun bidara kering yang juga berdampak pada warna seduhannya, dimana pengeringan dengan metode penjemuran secara langsung di bawah sinar matahari akan menghasilkan warna daun kering dan hasil seduhan yang lebih gelap.
Comparison of DNA Isolation Methods that Derived from Leaves of a Potential Anti-Cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) Plant
Authors: Rahmadara Gemilang , Hanifah Nurul Fitri , Rismayanti Rismayanti , Purwoko Devit , Rochandi Andi , Tajuddin Teuku
Published: December 2022

The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and RNA compounds is the main problem often found in Plants DNA isolation, which inhibit the process of DNA isolation. Comparing the methods of plant DNA isolation is necessary for obtaining the DNA with good quality, purity, high concentration and efficiency time and cost. This study aimed to determine the best DNA isolation method that derived from leaves of a potential anti-cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant by comparing the conventional DNA isolation method (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/CTAB) and 2 commercial kits (Promega Wizard™ Genomic DNA Purification Kits, and Geneaid Genomic Mini Kit). The results showed that the CTAB method yielded a higher amount of DNA (>100 ng/µL) at the cost of 0.49 USD per sample, in comparison with Promega method (69.19 to 157.68 ng/µL) at 3.28 USD per sample and Geneaid method (8.15 to 18.52 ng/µL) at 2.06 USD per sample. Based on the purity of isolated DNA (A260/280), CTAB method produced relatively similar DNA quality to Promega kit (1.8-2.0). On the other hand, Geneaid method resulted in a lower purity value at 1.15 to 1.60.
Effective Mentorship of Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Winfrey Sara R. , Parameswaran Priyanka , Gerull Katherine M. , LaPorte Dawn , Cipriano Cara A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Orthopaedic surgery is currently the least diverse medical specialty, and there is little research on the mentorship needs for women and underrepresented minorities (URMs) in orthopaedics. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles and functions of mentorship for women and URMs in orthopaedic surgery, to understand mentorship preferences, and to elucidate barriers to mentorship in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:

Members of J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society and Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society were invited to participate. An email with an anonymous link to the survey was distributed; the survey was open for responses from September 2020 through February 2021. The survey contained free-response and quantitative items about mentorship and its impact on current activities, career path, and ways to improve mentorship. Descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance, frequencies, and Fisher exact test were used to analyze survey data. Qualitative data were deidentified and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.

Results:

A total of 155 participants responded to the survey, of those, 151 (98%) met criteria for analysis. Sixty-four percent of participants were women, 15% identified as Black, 4% identified as Hispanic, and 9% identified as multiracial. Eighty-five percent of respondents had a mentor in orthopaedic surgery. Mentorship was often cited as useful for exposure to role models and skills development. Medical students were most likely to consider gender concordance with their mentor important. URM respondents reported greater importance of sharing race/ethnicity with their mentor (p = 0.005). In qualitative responses, participants commented on identity-specific challenges to mentorship, lack of time and institutional support for mentorship, and the disproportionate burden of mentorship on women and URMs.

Conclusions:

Mentorship was highly valued among women and URMs in orthopaedic surgery across all career stages. Mentorship attracted students to orthopaedic surgery and allowed residents and surgeons to progress in the field. Sharing racial/ethnic identity in mentor-mentee relationships was important to both trainees and practicing surgeons.
The Impact of a Virtual Orthopaedic Surgery Symposium on Medical Students: Increasing Awareness and Knowledge of the Field
Authors: Quan Theodore , Gu Alex , Agarwal Amil R. , Bernstein Simone A. , Malyavko Alisa , Levine William N. , Cannada Lisa K. ,   the Medical Student Orthopedic Society
Published: December 2022

Background:

Orthopaedic surgery has become an increasingly popular field of residency training for medical students. Many institutions offer elective time to explore areas of interest through clinical rotations and research; however, most of these opportunities are reserved for senior medical students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a dedicated medical student orthopaedic surgery symposium to increase awareness about the field and to assess students' interest and knowledge of orthopaedic surgery before and after the symposium.

Methods:

Medical students were invited to submit orthopaedic surgery–related research to a free, 1-day virtual symposium held in April 2022. Abstracts were reviewed and selected from 9 different orthopaedic surgery subspecialty categories. Survey assessments were sent to medical students to complete before and after the symposium. The surveys included questions related to participant demographics as well as interest and knowledge about the field of orthopaedic surgery. Statistical analyses were completed to compare the participants' responses before and after the symposium.

Results:

In total, 962 medical students registered for the 4-hour symposium. Of these, 58.5% completed the presymposium survey and 48.0% completed the postsymposium survey. 13.3% of the respondents reported being “very knowledgeable” about the various orthopaedic surgery subspecialties before the symposium, which increased to 18.4% after the symposium. 46.9% of the participants stated that they were “knowledgeable” about the daily life of an orthopaedic surgery resident before the symposium, which increased to 67.3% after the symposium. Similarly, the percentage of respondents who reported that they were “very knowledgeable” about the residency match process increased from 12.2% presymposium to 22.4% postsymposium.

Conclusions:

As interest in pursuing a career in orthopaedic surgery increases, medical students will continue to seek information, mentorship, and opportunities to present their research in preparation for residency applications. Our study demonstrated that a large-scale, national, virtual orthopaedic surgery symposium provided a platform to augment medical students' knowledge of the field, present their research, and interact with faculty members.

Level of Evidence:

Level V.
Hamstring Injuries: Critical Analysis Review of Current Nonoperative Treatments
Authors: Marigi Erick M. , Cummings Paige E. , Marigi Ian M. , Burgos William , Gillett Javair , Camp Christopher L. , Krych Aaron J. , Okoroha Kelechi R.
Published: December 2022

» Hamstring injuries are common among active and athletic individuals, especially those involved in high-speed running, distance running, or sports requiring sudden directional changes. Acute hamstring strains often occur as an eccentric strain during running or a stretch-type injury caused by simultaneous hip flexion and knee extension. Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is an overuse injury of the hamstring tendon as a result of chronic cicatrization of the musculotendinous unit.

» Repeated stress to the hamstring tendon leads to increased cellularity of tendon fibers, disruption of collagen, and subsequent microinjury of the tissue that attaches the tendon to bone.

» Management of hamstring injuries generally begins with nonoperative modalities consisting of eccentric rehabilitative exercise programs. Although various other treatment modalities are available, the comparative efficacy of these supportive measures is not well differentiated at this time.

» In this article, we review the current literature with regard to the nonoperative treatment of hamstring injuries, specifically focusing on acute hamstring muscle strains and proximal hamstring tendinopathy in order to provide supplementary insight on the effectiveness of current modalities.
Does the Window of Hope training module for Ghanaian teacher trainees meet the requirements of UNESCO’s Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education?
Authors: Yakpir Gordon , Atuguba Juliet
Published: December 2022

The Window of Hope (WoH) training Module was introduced in Ghanaian Colleges of Education (CoE) by the Ministry of Education (MoE) to prepare trainees to teach sexuality education upon completion of their training. Using a document analysis methodology, we compared the processes of developing the WoH module and its content to the international technical guidance framework for teacher training on sexuality education. We found that the WoH module is unlikely to achieve its stated objectives as key components of the technical guidance are not catered to in the module. We recommend a comprehensive review of the content of WoH using the National Teacher Preparation Standards Framework  and Ghana’s newly developed teacher training standards. We also recommend,  broad consultations involving all interest groups in Ghana in the review process.
An eolian dust origin for clastic fines of Devono-Mississippian mudrocks of the greater North American midcontinent
Authors: McGlannan Austin J. , Bonar Alicia , Pfeifer Lily , Steinig Sebastian , Valdes Paul , Adams Steven , Duarte David , Milad Benmadi , Cullen Andrew , Soreghan Gerilyn S.
Published: December 2022

Upper Devonian and Lower–Middle Mississippian strata of the North American midcontinent are ubiquitously fine-grained and silt-rich, comprising both so-called shale as well as argillaceous limestone (or calcareous siltstone) that accumulated in the Laurentian epeiric sea. Although long recognized as recording marine deposition, the origin and transport of the fine-grained siliciclastic material in these units remains enigmatic because they do not connect to any proximal deltaic feeder systems. Here, we present new data on grain size, whole-rock geochemistry, mineralogy, and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology from units across Oklahoma; we then integrate these data with models of surface wind circulation, refined paleogeographic reconstructions, and correlations from the greater midcontinent to test the hypothesis that wind transported the siliciclastic fraction to the marine system. The exclusively very fine silt to very fine sand grain size, clear detrital origin, widespread distribution over large regions of the epeiric sea, Appalachian sources, and paleogeographic setting in the subtropical arid belt far-removed from contemporaneous deltaic feeder systems are most consistent with eolian transport of dust lofted from subaerial delta plains of the greater Appalachian orogen and incorporated into subaqueous depositional systems. Delivery of dust that was minimally chemically weathered to Devono-Mississippian epeiric seas likely provided essential nutrients that stimulated organic productivity in these commonly organic-rich units.
The devastating 2022 M6.2 Afghanistan earthquake: challenges, processes and implications
Authors: Kufner Sofia-Katerina , Bie Lidong , Gao Ya-Jian , Lindner Mike , Waizy Hamidullah , Kakar Najibullah , Reitbrock Andreas
Published: December 2022

On June 21th, a Mw6.2 earthquake struck the Afghan-Pakistan-border-region, an area dominated by partitioned deformation related to the India-Asia collision. Despite its moderate size, 1150 deaths were reported, making the event the deadliest earthquake of 2022 so far. We investigate the event’s rupture processes, aiming to understand what made it that fatal. Our InSAR-constrained slip model and regional moment-tensor inversion reveal a sinistral rupture with maximum slip of 1.8 m at 5 km depth on a N20°E striking, sub-vertical fault. Field observations confirm fault location and slip-sense. Based on our analysis and a global comparison, we suggest that not only external factors (e.g. time of the event and building stock) but also fault-specific factors made the event excessively destructive. Surface rupture was favored by the local rock anisotropy (foliation), coinciding with the fault strike. The distribution of Peak Ground Velocity was governed by the sub-vertical fault. The maximum slip was large compared to other events globally and might have resulted in peak-frequencies coinciding with the resonance-frequency of the local one-story buildings. More generally, our study demonstrates the devastating impact of moderate earthquakes, being small enough to be accommodated by many tectonic structures but large enough to cause significant damage.
Assessing Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Logistics Management Information Systems on Drugs Supply Chain management in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kamara Lamin , Kalinga Ellen Chale
Published: December 2022

Background: Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) was introduced in Sierra Leone to improve drug supply management and provide accurate information that can be used for planning and resources allocation. The system managed drugs supplies, but this system is being influenced by factors to enhance effective drugs supply management.
Methodology: The study examined factors considered to influence LMIS effectiveness on drugs supplies management, using the conceptual framework model. Purposive and sequential exploratory means of data collection through self-administered questionnaires was employed.
Results: The study identified eleven factors and only four (Forecasting, Logistics, Information Quality and Production) have significant influence on LMIS effectiveness on drugs supply management.
Conclusion: The study showed four factors having positive and statistically significant effect on LMIS effectiveness on drugs supply management. Therefore, strengthening these factors would significantly improve LMIS effectiveness on drugs supply management in Sierra Leone.
ATF5 Regulates Tubulointerstitial Injury In Diabetic Kidney Disease Via Mitochndrial Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Liu Yifei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Shumin , Liu Jialu , Li Xiaohui , Yang Kexin , Yang Danyi , Liu Yu , Sun Lin , Liu Fuyou , Xiao Li
Published: December 2022

Background:Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), an important MQC procedure, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis upon mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) has been proved to be the key in mammalian UPRmt via its mitochondria-nuclear translocation. In this study, we investigated whether ATF5 activate UPRmt in mammalian DKD to reduce tubule injury.
Methods: Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentivirus or negative control lentivirus via the tail vein. Mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, DHE and Tunel assay were performed respectively to evaluate the apoptosis and ROS production of kidney section. And we used western blotting to detect the expression relationship between ATF5 and UPRmt. ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmid or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells. Mitosox and DCFH-DA staining methods were used to gauging cell and mitochondial oxidative stress level, while early stage of cell apoptosis was detected by JC-1 kit.
Results: We found that UPRmt intensified and exhibited opposite function in HK-2 cells in respond to high glucose intervention. We showed that compared with non-diabetic samples, renal section from patients and mice with diabetes showed increase expression of ATF5 and UPRmt related proteins (HSP60, CLpP, LONP1), which were correlated with tubule damage of kidney. We also established 12-week-old ATF5 knocking-down db/db mice, and found they presented improved biochemical and histological features and lower expression of UPRmt related proteins as compared with db/db mice. Correspondingly, HG-induced oxidative stress damage, apoptosis and UPRmt were reversed by ATF5-siRNA in HK-2 cells and aggravated by ATF5 over-expressing plasmid. Moreover, overexpressing ATF5 and down-regulating HSP60 simultaneously offset the effect of ATF5 overexpressing plasmid.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ATF5 is closely associated with the progress of damage in diabetic kidney tubule cells by regulating UPRmt.