bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الذكاء الاستراتيجي وعلاقته في إدارة الأزمات لدى مديرو المدارس الحكومية في الأردن من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: النجار آلاء أسامة , بني عيسى هيثم محمد
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة ممارسة الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية الثانوية وعلاقته بإدارة الأزمات من وجهة نظر المعلمين في محافظة الزرقاء. المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف الدّراسة اعتُمد المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، القائم على جمع البيانات من المعلمين والمعلمات في المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة الزرقاء والبالغ عددهم (420) معلمًا ومعلمة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة، وتحليلها من خلال الاستبانة، وأشارت نتائج الدّراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة الزرقاء وللمجالات جميعها جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى إدارة الأزمات لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة الزرقاء جاء بدرجة متوسطة. النتائج: أشارت نتائج الدّراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة الزرقاء وللمجالات جميعها جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى إدارة الأزمات لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة الزرقاء جاء بدرجة متوسطة، وأظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة وطردية ودالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى الدلالة (ألفا أقل أو يساوي 0.01) بين مجالات الذكاء الاستراتيجي مجتمعة ومستوى إدارة الأزمات. الخلاصة: في ضوء نتائج الدّراسة أوصت الباحثة ببعض التوصيات منها: تعزيز مفهوم الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى مديري المدارس من خلال قيام وزارة التربية والتعليم بإدراج مجالات الذكاء الاستراتيجي في سائر عمليات التدريب لأهميتها في إدارة الأزمات.
Infuence of new agrochemicals on the development of fungal diseases of spring barley
Authors: Sheshegova T. K. , Shchekleina L. M. , Noskova E. N.
Published: October 2024

The research was carried out in 2020–2023. at the Federal State Budgetary Institution FANTS of the North-East. The purpose of the research is to study the biological effectiveness of new agrochemicals with phytoregulatory, adaptive and immunomodulatory properties when cultivating spring barley under conditions of instability of climatic factors during the plant growing season. The FANC North-East selection varieties Novichok, Pamyati Rodinoy, Rodnik Prikamye were treated during the tillering phase of the plants with the organomineral fertilizer Amino Start (1 l/ha) and the urea-ammonium fertilizer KAS-28, (1 l/ha) at heading - with the growth regulator Alfastim ( 0.05 l/ha). Net and dark brown spotting and root rot were recorded using well-known meth ods. The experimental data were compared with the control (without treatment). The variety Pamyati Rodinoy is the most responsive to chemicalization; the least responsive is Rodnik Prikamye. The growth regulator Alfastim is quite effective in protecting against net spot in these varieties (disease development on average 11.8±3.61 % and 16.6±2.35 %; on control – 13.8±5.34 % and 20. 3±3.91 %), in the Novichok variety – Amino Start (6.8±2.68 %; on the control – 8.8±2.39 %). The drug Alfastim also has a more prolonged protective effect against all helminthosporium diseases, as evidenced by the lower PCRP value than in the control: by 5-96 for the Pamyati Rodinoy variety, by 30-120 for Rodnik Prikamye, by 32-118 for the variety Pamyati Rodinoy. Newbie. It is possible to highlight the inhibitory effect of the drugs CAS 28 and Amino Start in the Novichok variety (disease development 11.8±3.85 % and 11.5±2.16 %; on the control - 15.7±3.79 %) and CAS-28 in the Rodnik Prikamya variety (disease development 12.7±1.65 %; on control – 14.5±2.89 %). It was found that the greatest contribution to the development of leaf spots (40.0 and 48.5 %) is made by the combined effect of the “variety-year-preparation” factors; root rot – variety-drug interaction (23.7 %). The contribution of the genotype to the development of helminthosporium diseases of barley ranged from 19.0 to 22.0 %.
Complex therapy of mineral metabolism in service dogs
Authors: Bassauer G. M. , Trebukhov A. V. , Dutova O. G. , Mishina O. S.
Published: October 2024

The high physical and functional load of service dogs causes changes not only in body systems, but also in metabolism as a whole. An integrated approach to the study of this problem and the search for a pharmacotherapeutic solution will allow us to correct biochemical changes in the body of dogs and improve the performance and quality of life of animals. The purpose of the study was to study the therapeutic effectiveness of a complex of metabolic stimulants for the correction of mineral metabolism. For the study, 16 service dogs were selected in the area of application of the general search profile, belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Altai Territory. Blood was drawn at the beginning and end of the study to analyze red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride. According to the results of the study, it was established that a violation of homeostasis in service dogs was accompanied by changes in some indicators of red blood, as well as pathology of mineral metabolism. After a course of pharmacotherapy, an increase in red blood cells (up to 7.9±0.22*×1012 cells/l) and hemoglobin (up to 141.66±7.32 g/l) was observed in dogs. Carbohydrate metabolism in both groups was characterized by hypoglycemia (3.34±0.21–3.43±0.28 mmol/l). By the end of the study, the glucose level in the experimental group significantly increased by 31.4% relative to the animals in the control group. By the end of the study, cholesterol levels in dogs in the experimental group decreased more rapidly compared to the control group. The study of the dynamics of mineral metabolism indicators revealed a significant increase in iron levels in the experimental group of animals (up to 25.3±1.9 µmol/l), which was 22.8% higher than the control value. Changes in other indicators of mineral metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups, although dogs receiving stimulating therapy showed positive dynamics of changes in mineral metabolism indicators. The use of a complex of metabolic stimulants “Suiferrovita”, “Strolitin”, “Amber Acid” stabilized red blood counts and contributed to the development of a tendency towards the restoration of mineral metabolism.
Studying the relationship of the type of higher nervous activity with the milk productivity of cows
Authors: Golovan V. T. , Osepchuk D. V. , Yurin D. A. , Agarkova N. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the presented research was to study the influence of the type of higher nervous activity (HNA) on the secretion of organic components of milk in various milking conditions. The studies were carried out in 2 periods. The first period was standard, and in the second there was a conditioned stimulus - the presence of an outsider. Black-and-white cows were assigned to four types of higher nervous activity: type 1 - strong, balanced; type 2 - strong, unbalanced; 3 - strong, inert; 4 - weak, inhibitory. In the first period, type 2 cows showed a significant decrease in the amount of milk, fat and glucose, but the mass fraction of protein in milk tended to increase separately for each milking by 0.22 %. The ratio of the mass fraction of protein to the percentage of lactose for two milkings was significantly higher by 0.06, in relation to type 1. In type 3, in general, for two milkings, an increase in lactose by 13.3 g, fat - by 7.0 g was noted, in contrast to the indicators of the first type. Animals of the fourth type tended to reduce milk secretion to 18.3 %. Also, the mass fraction of fat in milk was lower to 0.53 % (P < 0.05) and protein to 0.28 %, and the proportion of lactose in milk, on the contrary, was consistently higher in both milkings by 0.25-0,26 % (P < 0.05). In the second period (with a conditioned stimulus), cows of the second group showed a positive trend towards an increase in the mass fraction of protein in the morning with machine milking by 0.26 % (P < 0.05), and with manual milking by 0.32 % (P < 0.05), in relation to the first group. The mass fraction of fat during machine and manual milking in animals of the second type tended to decrease. In the third group, the indicators of milk of the first streams in the morning were higher by 0.99 % (P < 0.05) - fat, by 0.33 % - protein, by 0.09 % - lactose, in relation to the first type of higher nervous activity. In cows with a weak, inhibitory nervous system, the influence of the conditioned stimulus contributed to a decrease in the ratios of the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk to lactose to 0.14 and 0.09, compared with type 1 cows.
Current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Saratov region
Authors: Gosteva Е. R. , Dunina V. A.
Published: October 2024

Studies of the state of the dairy cattle breeding industry for the last 5 years in the Saratov region in the context of the average indicators for the same breeds in the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District showed that the Holstein breed of black-mottled breed surpasses the black-mottled, Simmental, red-mottled, Kostroma breeds. In the Saratov region for the analyzed period there is not a good situation on the black-mottled breed, which stopped breeding in 2021, but the positive dynamics was that in 2021 brought and began to breed the Kostroma breed. In terms of milk production in the Saratov region the black-mottled Holstein breed stands out, its milk yield is 11308.6 kg, black-mottled -7461.3 kg, red-mottled - 6918.8 kg, which exceeds the average figures for the Russian Federation by 2012.4, 163.1, 40.2 kg and the Volga Federal District by 2108.2, 504.3 kg, respectively, but the animals of red-mottled breed are inferior to the Volga Federal District by 877.8 kg. Simmental, red-spotted breeds have high average indicators of fat in comparison with RF and PFD by 0,05;0,14 and 0,11; 0,19 kg and protein by 0,03;0,01 and 0,04; 0,02 %, respectively. Evaluating the live weight indicators of cattle bred in the conditions of Saratov region such breeds as: black-and-breed, Simmental, red-and-breed, Holstein black-andbreed, Kostroma breeds, the maximum live weight in animals of black-and-breed - 565.6 kg and the minimum 450.0 kg - in kostroma breeds. Simmental and black-and-brown breeds surpass with a good enough gap the average indicators of the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District in terms of live weight by 7.2; 12.2 and 4.4; 20 kg. The number of red-breed, Kostroma, Holstein black-breed animals is inferior to the average data on live weight in the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District.
Distribution of genotypes by the growth diferential factor 9 (GDF-9) gene locus in the romanov breed sheep population
Authors: Klimanova E. A. , Konovalova T. V. , Korotkevich O. S. , Petukhov V. L.
Published: October 2024

The FecG gene, also known as GDF-9 (growth factor differentiation factor 9), plays an important role in regulating reproductive function in mammals. This paper presents the results of a study of a point mutation in the differential growth factor gene in Romanov breed sheep. Mutations in exon 1 of the GDF-9 gene can lead to disturbances in ovarian development and ovulation, resulting in infertility or reduced reproductive capacity in animals. The object of the study was Romanov breed sheep in a sample of 30 individuals. For DNA extraction, venous blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. In Romanov breed sheep for the GDF-9 gene, it was found that at the G1 locus of this gene there are two alleles – G and A. Three genotypes were also identified: GG (254 bp/117 bp), AG (410bp/254/117 bp) and AA (410 bp/410 bp). The observed χ2 criterion was less than expected, therefore, the empirical and theoretical frequencies do not differ significantly, and deviations from the distribution according to the Hardy-Weinberg law are not observed. The observed heterozygosity index (Ho) was 0.27. Allele frequencies were 0,8 for G and 0,2 for A. For genotypes the following were obtained: GG – 0,66, GA – 0,27 and AA – 0,07.It can be noted that the data on the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the population of Romanov breed sheep differ from the results for the Kulunda fine-wool, Dagestan mountain, Salsk, Lacaune and Merino breeds. The research results can be used to monitor changes in allele frequencies and genotypes in sheep during the selection process.
The role of fulvic acid in feeding heifers of reproductive age in the conditions of the Novgorod region
Authors: Lashkova T. B. , Petrova G. V. , Zhukova M. Yu. , Mityukov A. S.
Published: October 2024

Many domestic and foreign researchers have drawn attention to humic and fulvic acids, which are successfully used in animal husbandry, poultry farming and aquaculture. In search of new ways to increase livestock productivity, as well as the quality of livestock products, the number of scientific studies on the use of humic substances of various origins in animal husbandry has increased significantly, which emphasizes the role of feed additives obtained from local resources. In the article the effectiveness of the use of fulvic acid in the diets of young cattle is presented. Experimental studies were conducted in the Ilyich Agricultural Cooperative of the Starorussky district of the Novgorod region on heifers of the Holstein breed of Dutch breeding older than a year (repair heifers of reproductive age). The animals of the control group consumed a nutritionally balanced basic diet (HR), the first experimental group – HR + fulvic acid (10 ml/head / day), the second experimental group - HR + fulvic acid (15 ml/head /day), 10 heads in each group. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of the use of fulvic acid in the diets of young animals was determined, its effect on the digestibility of nutrients in diets, biochemical parameters of blood, reproductive function was studied, the optimal dose of fulvic acid feeding in this age period was determined. The use of fulvic acid in the diet of young animals allowed to increase the absorption of nutrients from the diet, improve blood biochemical parameters, and improve the reproductive qualities of heifers by 15.5–20.2 %. The results obtained allow us to recommend fulvic acid for use in the diets of repair heifers of reproductive age on farms in the Northwestern region in the amount of 10 ml per head per day.
Genetic structure of cattle of the siberian branch by microsatellite loci
Authors: Petrov A. F. , Kamaldinov E. V.
Published: October 2024

Molecular-genetic methods are essential tools for the utilization and conservation of animal genetic resources. These methods facilitate more efficient management and control of breeding programs within livestock production systems. For studying the genetic diversity of a population, the use of STR markers is relevant due to the high variability of repeats. This study presents a genetic characterization of a Holstein and Black Pied cattle population (n = 10233) in Western Siberia using 12 microsatellite loci (BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, TGLA227, TGLA53). A total of 145 alleles were identified across all loci, with frequencies ranging from 0.00005 to 0.68961. The highest level of genetic diversity was observed at the TGLA122 locus (25 alleles) with an average number of effective alleles (Ne) of 4.5. The least polymorphic locus was BM1824 (7 alleles) with an average Ne of 3.27. The average observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity across all loci was 0.6. The highest variability was observed at the TGLA53 locus, with a Wright’s fixation index (Fis) of 0.161, indicating a heterozygote deficiency. A similar deficiency was observed at the BM1818 locus. All other loci exhibited a positive Fis, with the highest value observed at the ETH3 locus (-0.074), indicating an excess of heterozygotes. The average Fis across all loci was -0.02, suggesting a sufficient level of heterozygosity within the studied population. These findings provide valuable information for population studies and practical breeding programs aiming to manage genetic diversity and improve selection efficiency in this cattle population.
Nitrogen metabolism in blackmoiled cattle of Kuzbass
Authors: Tarasenko E. I. , Sebezhko O. I.
Published: October 2024

A research analysis of nitrogen metabolism in black-and-white cattle was carried out in the conditions of the Kuzbass region. Healthy animals at the age of 2nd lactation with a productivity level from 7300 to 10500 kg were selected for the experimental group. Laboratory studies were carried out at the Department of Veterinary Genetics and Biotechnology of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. Indicators of nitrogen metabolism in blood serum were assessed photometrically on a biochemical semi-automatic analyzer Photometer 5010 V5+. Reagent kits from Vector-Best and Olvex-Diagnosticum were used. When biometric data processing, standard descriptive statistics techniques and robust indicators were used. The Anderson-Darling test was used to assess the normality of data distribution. .When calculating correlation relationships, the Pearson coefficient was used. Calculations were performed in the “RStudio” programming environment. The obtained average values of nitrogen metabolism indicators were within the physiological norm. The strongest positive associations were observed between urea levels and uric acid, and urea and creatinine. No connection was found between other indicators of nitrogen metabolism. There were no differences in milk yield between cows with high and low levels of nitrogen metabolism. Graphs of the range of nitrogen content in black-and-white cows during lactation are presented. Calculations of reference indicators based on data from Kuzbass dairy cattle make it possible to more accurately assess the clinical condition of animals and timely detect deviations from established standard values. It is also necessary to take into account reference limits when monitoring the quality and completeness of cattle.
Efectiveness of growing simmental breed cares with diferent maintenance technologies.
Authors: Shevkhuzhev A. F. , Pogodaev V. A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work was to establish the features of meat productivity of Simmental breed bulls depending on the rearing technology: 1 - traditional technology used on farms (indoors); 2 - using feeding and final fattening. The rearing technology had a significant impact on the live weight of bull calves and the amount of gain at different age periods. The difference in live weight between groups I and II was: at 6 months – 11.2 kg (P > 0.99); at 14 months – 20.3 kg (P > 0.999); at 18 months – 43.9 kg (P > 0.999) in favor of bulls of the second experimental group. On average, by the age of one and a half years, bulls of group II were 43.9 kg heavier than their peers of group I. At 18 months of age, the digestibility coefficients in both groups were high, but in young animals of group II, the coefficients of fiber digestibility were 18.2 % and fat 17.9 % higher than in group I bulls. The best slaughter qualities were in bulls reared using fattening and final fattening. The bulls of group II compared to group I had heavier carcasses: at the age of 6 months by 7.4 kg, at 14 months by 14.5 kg, and at 18 months by 37.0 kg. The deposition of internal fat was relatively small and somewhat greater in bulls of group II. At the age of 14 months, the carcass weight of group II bulls was greater than group I by 6.74 %, and the pulp by 1.34 %. This difference persisted at 18 months. The type of feeding had a significant impact on bone strength. The load that caused bone fractures in volume-fed bulls averaged 1,477 kg, and with concentrated feeding, an average of 1,209 kg, or 18 % less.
Improving the green mass quality with the help of heterosis breeding
Authors: Kovtunova N. A. , Kovtunov V. V. , Romanyukin A. E. , Kravchenko N. S.
Published: October 2024

The most reliable and effective way to improve both productivity and quality of green mass is the use of heterosis breeding. The purpose of the current work was to study the heterosis effect of green mass quality indicators in sorghum-Sudan hybrids developed based on cytoplasmic male sterility. The object of the study was the sorghum-Sudan hybrids developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. Dry matter productivity varied among the hybrids within 746-1202 g/m2 . The highest values have been observed in the combinations with the CMS-line ‘APV-1115’ (1045 g/m2 ). The heterosis effect on the dry matter productivity was found in all hybrids. Four hybrids ‘APV-1115 x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x ChT-22’, ‘Dzhetta x ChT-2’, ‘APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 4’ have significantly exceeded the standard in terms of dry matter productivity by 184-270 g/m2 with high rates of hypothetical (38.1-64.1%), true (93.2-142.0%) and competitive (19.8-28.9%) heterosis. Digestible protein yield has ranged from 49 to 84 g/m2 . Among the hybrids, the greatest heterosis effect was identified in the hybrids ‘Demetra x Svetloplenchataya 4’ (Hhyp.=43.4%, Htrue.=125.4%), ‘Dzhetta x Yaktik’ (Hhyp.=70.5%, Htrue.=142.3%), ‘APV-1115 x Kudestitsa’ (Hhyp.=72.8%, Htrue.=108.9%), ‘APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 2’ (Hhyp.=81.0%, Htrue.=118.4%), ‘APV1115 x ChT-22’ (Hhyp.=103.3%, Htrue.=118.4%). In the course of the study, there has been found that according to the content of crude protein, ash, oil, fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances (NES), the most hybrids possessed partial or incomplete dominance of large values. However, to obtain even a slight heterosis according to the content of protein, fiber, and NES content, at least one parent had to have high trait values. Based on the complex of the heterotic effect according to the green mass quality indicators, there have been identified such hybrids as ‘Dzhetta x Yaktik’, which exceeded the large parental form in terms of dry matter (Htrue.=10.5%) and oil (Htrue.=14.4%); ‘Dzhetta x ChSS’ which exceeded the large parental form in terms of dry matter and crude protein (Htrue.=14.3 and 1.3%); ‘Demetra x Svetloplenchataya 4’ which exceeded the large parental form in terms of crude protein, dry matter, and ash (Htrue.=3.8; 5.9 and 6.4%, respectively). In general, the data obtained have indicated the prospects of using cytoplasmic male sterility in breeding not only for productivity, but also for quality.
V. Introduction and selection of a new species of Clarkia (C. purpurea) and development of a method for evaluating Clarkia pursh varieties for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability
Authors: Koroleva E. V. , Fotev Yu. V.
Published: October 2024

During 2011–2023 in the south of Western Siberia, with the aim of introducing and selecting a new species of clarkia (C. purpurea), its biological characteristics and morphological characteristics were studied. Based on the data obtained and the use of other species and varieties of the genus Clarkia Pursh. For the first time, a methodology for conducting tests for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability (DUS) for this crop was developed. This technique is applicable to all varieties of the genus Clarkia Pursh, classified into sections: Godetia (C. purpurea (Curtis) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr.), Phaeostoma (C. unguiculata Lindl.), Rhodanthos (C. amoena (Lehm.) A . Nelson & J. F. Macbr., Clarkia amoena ssp. lindleyi (Douglas) H. F. Lewis & M. Е. Lewis), fireweed family (Onagraceae Juss.). Many species of clarkia are characterized by long-lasting flowering and are promising for floral decoration of urban spaces, as well as for cutting. Most varieties are from very low – up to 25 cm tall, to very high – 96 cm or more; leaves are simple, lanceolate, narrow-lanceolate, wide-lanceolate, ovate, smooth, pubescent. The flowers are very decorative, varying in size from 2.0 to 8.0 cm tall, simple, semidouble, terry and strongly terry with or without fragrance, with a large variability of colors and types of floral pigmentation. Based on the study of the bioecological and morphological properties of the crop under study and in accordance with the rules approved by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Varietal Commission”, 36 characteristics were selected by which it is possible to test clarkey varieties. As a result of breeding work, a new variety of C. purpurea, Lilac Fairy, was created. When analyzing crossing, it was established that the lilac (violet) color of flowers is dominant in relation to pale pink (almost white), and when crossing F1 hybrids with light purple color, splitting 15:1 (15 violet from dark purple to pale purple was obtained and 1 is pale pink), which confirms the hypothesis about the polygenic nature of the inheritance of the main color of flowers in C. purpurea. The national methodology RTG/1157/1, created for the first time, for testing the DUS of Clarkia Pursh varieties will serve as a scientific basis for practical breeding.
Assessment of spatial variability of agrochemical properties of agro-gray soil when planning a feld experiment with mineral fertilizers
Authors: Belousova E. N. , Belousov A. A. , Ulyanova O. A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to investigate the statistical parameters and patterns of variability of agrochemical indicators of agro–gray soil, elements of the structure of the spring wheat crop within the plots of the experimental field. Experimental data were obtained on the basis of observations conducted on agricultural landscapes Sukhobuzimskoye land areas in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk geomorphological district, located borders the Chulym-Yenisei denudation plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Central Siberia. The results of the intra-field heterogeneity of the agrochemical properties of the agro-gray soil and the elements of the structure of the spring wheat crop on the site intended for field experiment are presented. The key statistical and geostatistical values of the intrafield heterogeneity are determined. The statistics of agrochemical indicators and the results of crop data from the plots intended for the placement of repetitions are analyzed. The materials of the agrochemical survey of the agro-gray soil revealed a low humus content. The level of spatial variation of the indicator corresponded to the average. The scope of variation is represented by values covering only one gradation of the evaluation scale. The entire studied area was characterized by a slightly acidic reaction of the medium according to the average pH values. Its variation in the 0-20 cm soil layer indicated uniformity of distribution in space. The level of variability of agrochemical indicators decreased in the following series: yield (40 %) > humus (19 %) > P2O5 (13 %) > K2O (10 %) > pH2O (4 %). According to the generalization of geostatistical information, the analyzed site is classified as unaligned in terms of soil fertility. In general, the soil fertility of the studied area had a significant variation, which determined the choice of elements of the field experience methodology. When laying out field experience, it is necessary to choose the appropriate elements of the methodology: a randomized method of placing repetitions, rectangular or elongated forms of plots.
Insect frass as a promising remedy of increasing the fertility of agricultural land in Siberia
Authors: Lavrishchev I. E. , Petrov A. F. , Miroshnikov P. N. , Krasnov S. V. , Rybtsov S. А. , Starokon M. E.
Published: October 2024

One of the main tasks of modern organic crop production is the search for effective environmentally friendly fertilizers. A promising approach to this problem could be the study insect frass, a product of organic processing by insects. Insect frass is obtained as secondary products from the cultivation of such economic insects as, for example, housefly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Insect frass has a high concentration of nitrogen, which was processed within the digestive tract of insects, which makes it more accessible to plants and contributes to their active distribution and development. It also has insecticidal and fungicidal properties due to its own microbiome. Insect frass can also enhance the moisture-holding capacity of the environment and be used as sorbents for petroleum products. The actual study examines the use of insect frass as a stand-alone growing medium or as one component of a finished substrate. A study was carried out and the nitrogen content in ammonium and nitrate forms, total acidity and the phytotoxicity index of insect frass in mixtures with lowland peat were measured. The study showed that insect frass has acceptable acidity for use as a substrate, as well as a high nitrogen content in two forms. At high concentrations, insect frass is a source of phytotoxic properties, therefore, when using it, it is necessary to maintain the ratio with other components of the substrate. Thus, insect frass, with normal application, can become an effective fertilizer for all household producers engaged in organic farming, where the tools for increasing productivity are seriously limited, and all useful elements taken from the soil must be replenished without the use of chemical fertilizers.
Dynamics of extreme climatic variables for viticulture in the main zones of ampelocenosis of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Marmorshtein A. A. , Ilnitskaya E. T. , Aleynikova G. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Modern climate changes affect all branches of agriculture. Everywhere there is an increase in air temperature, changes in precipitation, an increase in extreme weather events. Since the productive lifespan of a grape plant is 30-40 years, it is necessary to assess climatic changes in order to create a variety adapted to changes. The purpose of the research is to assess changes in extreme heat supply and relative humidity in the main viticultural areas of the Krasnodar region. The average values of extreme heat supply and relative humidity variables of two climatological periods of 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, their changes over time and the course of variable’s anomalies of 1991–2020 compared with the average values of 1961–1990 are calculated. An increase in the absolute maximum air temperature by 0.2–1.6 °C for the period 1991–2020 was noted compared to the previous period, with the exception of Novorossiysk (decrease by 1.4 °C); an increase in the average absolute maximum air temperature by 1.5–2.5 °C, an increase in the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C by 1.0–2.3 days; a decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October by 0.7–2.7 % and an increase in the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30 % over the summer by 0.8–5.4 days. The variability of these variables over time for the period 1991–2020 is consistent with the change in the average. An increase in the absolute maximum was established (by 0.65–0.9 °C/10 years), the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C (by 0.8–1.1 days/10 years), the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30% over the summer (by 1.2–7.2 days/10 years); decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October (by 0.5–6.5 %/10 years). These changes indicate an increase in climate extremes and the frequency of unfavorable conditions for grapes in the summer, which requires an adjustment of the assortment.
Life world as a basic concept of the sociology of life
Authors: Toshchenko Zhan T.
Published: October 2024

The article reveals new facets of such a recently revived sociological concept as the life world. It briefly describes the history of its emergence in scientific research and its embodiment in real practical activities of people. It reveals also how its individual characteristics and indicators were tested and refined in the process of theoretical and empirical studies. The most successful works describing and analyzing it are discussed, although not all of them used this concept. The author shows what role this concept plays in enriching our understanding of people’s lives in all its combinations. Citing the existing interpretations of the life-world in sociology, the author offers a possible variant of its analysis, when the life-world of a person is considered a) as a citizen, b) as a resident of a certain spatial formation (city, town, village), c) as a member of an industrial organization and finally d) as a participant in relations in the micro-environment, i. e. in the structure of interpersonal relations. In conclusion, the features of the use of the concept of life world in the context of the theoretical concept of the sociology of life are summarized.
The third integrative wave in sociology’s development. Part II. Theories and methods for an augmented social reality
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2024

The article is analyzing positive prospects of the sociology’s development in the context of today’s fragmentation of scientific discipline under conditions of metaparadigm crisis and post-globalization. Current disintegration in sociology is provoked by the rising postcolonial discourse, by attempts to stigmatize western classics and to create theoretical alternatives to the ‘global North’ domination in knowledge production as well as by spread of conceptions opposing social reality of networks and flows to classical sociality of structures and agency (M. Castells, B. Latour, J. Urry, K. Knorr Cetina). The third in the modern sociology’s history integrative wave is expected to come in the 2020s displacing tendencies of disintegration, discrimination, growing gaps and rising barriers. Now theories are relevant as they create a coherent configuration of four types of structures: institutions, interactions, networks, and flows. The new subject matter for theorizing is constituted by their interconnections in forms of fields of structurations, scapes of assemblages, communications, platforms, projects, and events. After the ideas of the end of Modernity and multiple Modernities, the idea of augmented Modernity emarges overcoming constitutive distinctions of the last century’s sociology: local vs. global, system vs. lifeworld, material vs. symbolic, private vs. public, real vs. virtual, physical vs. digital, et ctr. Mutual penetration of different social structures stimulates elaboration and implementation of innovative hybrid methods directed towards an augmented data collecting and analysis.
The task of sociologists is to bring order into chaos (interview with RAS corresponding member M. F. Chernysh)
Authors: Demidenko Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2024

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the journal Sociological Studies, we turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Mikhail F. Chernysh – our long-time author and expert, member of the editorial board – with a request to answer our questions. I wanted to discuss not only the activities of our journal, but also the problems of sociology in general. In recent years, situation in sociology has been changing: alarming trends in sociological education in higher education are intensifying, decisions are being made to reduce the subject of social studies in school, the problem of reproduction of scientific personnel is becoming acute, and discussions about the subject of sociology are becoming more urgent. The interview raises such important issues as the essence of sociology as a science, provides an understanding of its functions and tasks, and outlines the structure and levels of sociological knowledge. Important elements of its existence and development are emphasized, in particular the impossibility of forming an exclusively “national” sociology. The development of sociological education in new conditions is discussed. The tasks of the functioning of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are outlined. Attention is focused on personnel problems in science and the perception of sociology by government institutions.
Changes in the problem and subject field of labor sociology against the backdrop of the time challenges (Based on publications in the journal “Sociological Studies” over 50 years)
Authors: Temnitskiy Alexandr L. , Bessokirnaya Galina P.
Published: October 2024

Trends in the problem and subject field of labor sociology were identified by referring to the Sociological Studies journal publications for 1974–2023. An array of 351 articles on labor sociology was selected for qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Eleven problematic subject areas of research were identified by the criterion of the leading target of the article’s text. Fourtime frames in Russian society and economic development over the past 50 years have been distinguished to identify the time challenges that vary in content. Each period was provided with a brief description of the content of the research problem and subject areas, as well as interpretations thereof with due consideration of the time challenges. Analysis of the publications permitted to reveal that by the criteria of how frequent and stable the sociologists’ referrals to the selected areas have been, the core, the margins, and the mobile realm may be identified in the Russian sociology of labor. The core is formed by the areas related to the studies of labor attitudes, labor incentives, labor values, employee behavior, and job satisfaction. The areas – whose principal object of study is labor itself, along with its role and significance in both the society and the employees’ values as well as social problems of work at the enterprise – are adjacent to the core. The margins are formed by rare areas of research such as the workers’ capacity to act, manifestations of independence and involvement in the organization’s affairs, problems of the socioeconomic standing of workers and degree of labor protection, labor culture, shortage and reproduction of workers. The mobile realm of labor sociology is composed by the areas treated generally depending on the context of time and the aggravation of particular problem situations (labor organization, labor relations, precarity of labor, etc). We observed adequate coverage of the critical time challenges in publications in all those time frames; however, that coverage was reactive and appeared to lack forward-looking ideas that are ahead of theory and practice.
Problems of education on the pages of the SocIs magazine
Authors: Zborovsky Garold E.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the issues of publication activity of the journal «Socis» on education issues over 50 years of its work. The periodization of the journal’s publishing activities on education issues is proposed. Its four periods are characterized: 1974–1989, 1990–2000, 2001–2010, 2011–2024. The article reveals the growth trend of the journal’s publication activity on education issues over the past half century. The process of formation of the author’s asset on the problems of education, which includes the leading sociologists of the USSR and Russia, is shown. At the first stage, a system of “educational” headings is being formed, the publications of which reflected the constitution of the sociology of education as a branch of knowledge, its interaction with the sciences of education, “ideological” dependence on the position of the party leadership, as well as interest in school and vocational education in the country. The specifics of the publications of the second period, characterized by an interest in higher and sociological education, and in the methodology of studying educational problems, are revealed. The journal articles of the third stage reflect the expansion of research areas of education of different types and levels, as well as the dominance of the problems of higher education and university communities. The specificity of the fourth stage is revealed – an appeal to acute discussions about the fate of Russian education in the context of institutional reforms, social, economic and political challenges, and the connection of education with other subsystems of society.
Russians of the near abroad in the focus of Russian sociology: the evolution of research approaches and angles (1990s – 2020s)
Authors: Suschiy Sergey Ja.
Published: October 2024

The article examines main directions of sociological research on the Russian population of the near Abroad, establishes quantitative, thematic dynamics, territorial priorities of publications devoted to this problem complex. A shift in publication activity has been revealed from large forms (author’s and collective monographs, collections of articles) that dominated in the 1990s to scientific periodicals, the quantitative peak of which occurred in the second half of the 2000s. Of the leading Russian sociological publications “Sociological Studies” paid maximum attention to the problems of foreign Russians. The professional community, initially consisting of researchers from Moscow academic structures, gradually expanded to include specialists from St. Petersburg and the post-Soviet countries themselves. Since the late 2000s, the activity of researchers from Russian regions has been growing significantly. In the context of content, there was a gradual thematic detailing of research, a shift to more specific angles and narrow groups of the analyzed Russian population. Geographically, the interest of ethnosociologists was extremely unevenly distributed – three quarters of all publications were devoted to Russians from four post-Soviet countries (Kazakhstan, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine). At the same time, the Russian communities of the South Caucasus, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan practically fell out of the research focus, despite the fact that their adaptation to the new conditions of functioning was quite difficult.
Formation of new health care practices: what sociology [does not] see
Authors: Belova Yulia Yu. , Zadorin Igor’ V.
Published: October 2024

The article was prepared for the 50th anniversary of the journal “Sociological Studies”. An array of articles (N = 29) on the topic of health care norms and practices published in the journal from 2010 to 2023 was analyzed. To validate the research presented in the publication and the results of qualitative content analysis, data from eight public opinion surveys were analyzed by the ZIRCON research group and the Higher School of Economics, conducted as part of various projects in 2010– 2023, including those with authors participation (five of them represent the population of the Russian Federation, three relate to individual regions and cities of Russia). Along with the identified thematic gaps in the field of modern sociology of health, it has been ascertained that the studies complement each other and make it possible to build a logic for the presentation of the health care topics covering all its main links.
In search for a balance: the authorship structure of the journal “Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya” [Sociological Studies] (2014–2023)
Authors: Obraztsov Igor V. , Polovnyov Andrey V.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problems of selection and formation of the authorship of the journal Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya [Sociological Studies] (SocIs). The parameters of their scientific and official statuses, affiliation with research organizations and educational institutions, gender mix, regional and international affiliation are used as the basis for the analyzing publication activity of the authors of the journal for the period 2014–2023. A comparative retrospective analysizing of the above parameters for the first and last (current) decades of the journal’s functioning was also carried out. On the basis of the analysis of formal indicators of effectiveness and efficiency of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) the special leading place of SocIs in the hierarchy of domestic periodicals of sociological profile was stated. The long-term traditions and trends in the work of the journal’s editorial staff, related to the realization of a balanced approach to the selection and attraction of promising researchers to publications, are revealed. The conclusion is made about the journal’s publication accessibility for both high-level professionals and beginner researchers, as well as about the broad thematic, regional, and international orientation of the published materials. In general, the authors’ composition of the journal to a certain extent represents the national sociological community with all its achievements and problems.
Why is social life explicable, but unpredictable, or how does freedom give rise to determinism?
Authors: Podvoyskiy Denis G.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a critical reinterpretation and reconstruction of а key problem of social science: how a logically consistent and empirically substantiated explanation of social phenomena generated by the voluntarism of human actions, linked into complexes by a seemingly infinitely multiple contingency, is possible? In other words, we are talking about an attempt to answer the questions: how such a logically imaginary contingency is capable to generate elements of order at the empirical level, why social interactions have relative stability and reproducible character, what role do so-called unintended consequences of socially oriented (but dictated by «personal motives») human actions play in the processes of morphogenesis of society?
Scientific Traditions as a Mechanism of Continuity of Psychological Cognition. Part 2. Problems, Approaches and Prospects for Research
Authors: Oleinik Yu. N. , Zhuravlev A. L.
Published: October 2024

The authors’ main attention is focused on current problems of studying continuity and scientific traditions in psychology. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of promising directions for studying the traditions of domestic psychological science: taking into account when studying the traditions of scientific developments on the generation of knowledge, primarily tacit; analysis of the role of individual personal variables, including ideological guidelines, cognitive attitudes, life values, features of the professional development of the researcher himself in the process of selection of knowledge acquiring the status of tradition; study of traditions as the foundations and distinctive features of scientific schools in psychology. A model for studying scientific traditions in psychology is proposed, based on ideas about three aspects of the existence of science (knowledge, social institution, cognitive activity) and different views on the understanding of the term “tradition” (according to E. Shatsky) — functional, objective and subjective. It is concluded that the preservation and development of scientific traditions is the responsibility of not only the scientific community as a whole, but also personally of each researcher involved in scientific creativity in the field of psychology.
Abilities in Modern Foreign Psychology
Authors: Shadrikov V. D. , Mazilov V. A. , Slepko Yu. N.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of the state of abilities in modern foreign psychology. At the basis of American psychology, the historical dynamics of a significant increase in the interest of foreign psychologists in the development of problems of abilities in the 20th-21st centuries are stated. The analysis is carried out on the basis of research in leading scientific publications published in 1991–2024. Their multidimensional and qualitative characteristics are based on a methodological and functional method of analysis, which makes it possible to distinguish types of research, their subject, method, empirical object, as well as relation to abilities such as object formation or measurement. A comparative description of the abilities of American and Russian psychology allows us to establish their thematic unity at the level of research (dominance of empirical potential), their subject (predominance of interest in general abilities), method (predominance of quantitative potential), as well as the predominance of functional measurement potential for determining problems of abilities. The distinctive features of the capabilities of American psychology are the Western volume of meta-analytic theoretical research, as well as the predominance of groups of subjects as the object of empirical research. In conclusion, it is argued that the experience of American psychology can be used in international studies of problems of abilities, in organizing discussions of some classification bases of types of abilities, in work on the number of specialized scientific publications.