bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refugee settlements are highly exposed to extreme weather conditions
Authors: Fransen Sonja , Werntges Anja , Hunns Alexander , Sirenko Mikhail , Comes Tina
Published: June 2023

Involuntary displacement from conflict and other causes leads to clustering of refugees and internally displaced people, often in long-term settlements. Within refugee-hosting countries, refugee settlements are frequently located in isolated and remote areas, characterized by poor-quality land and harsh climatic conditions. Yet, the exposure of refugee settlements to climatic events is underresearched. In this article, we study the exposure of the 20 largest refugee settlements worldwide to extreme variations in climatic conditions. The analysis integrates exposure of camp locations compared to the national trends for both slow- and rapid-onset events and includes descriptive statistics, signal-to-noise analyses, and trend analyses. Our findings show that most refugee settlements included face relatively high exposure to slow-onset events, including high temperatures (for settlements in Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sudan, and Uganda), low temperatures (in the case of Jordan and Pakistan), and low levels of rainfall (in Ethiopia, Rwanda, Kenya, and Uganda) compared to national averages. Our findings for rapid-onset events—heatwaves, coldwaves, and extreme rainfall—are less conclusive compared to country trends, although we find relatively high exposure to extreme rainfall in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Our analyses confirm that refugee populations are exposed to extreme weather conditions postdisplacement, which, in combination with their sociopolitical exclusion, poses a threat to well-being and increased marginalization. Our findings call for an inclusive and integrated approach, including refugees and their host communities, in designing climate adaptation and sustainable development policies, in order to promote equitable sustainable development pathways in refugee-hosting countries.
Tart–scriblita–torta–torte–torta–tortilha: A piece of cake!
Authors: Iamartino Giovanni , Berti Lucia
Published: June 2023

This chapter investigates R. John Andree’s
A vocabulary, in six languages (London, 1725).
This work was not conceived solely as a reference tool but with a
pedagogical purpose as well; it was based on a comparative method to
ease English native speakers’ acquisition of vocabulary in four
living Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese)
by showing their etymological similarity to their Latin ancestor –
the fifth language in the Vocabulary – and between them, with English as the language of the entry words. Indeed, by viewing and memorizing Latin and Romance words
together, the learner was expected to acquire them more easily. This
chapter focuses on the dictionary, its method and the author’s
language learning ideas and concludes with considerations relating
to its contribution to innovation in language learning
and teaching.
Classroom-oriented teacher research in modern languages
Authors: Klippel Friederike
Published: June 2023

We tend to think that classroom-oriented research
in language teaching is a new phenomenon. However, the Reform
Movement at the end of the 19th century brought forth a wide range
of innovative developments, including – for the first time –
teacher-led research into classroom procedures through
experimentation, systematic observation, publication and ensuing
scholarly discourse. Reports by several language teachers are
presented here as examples of early classroom-oriented research. The
chapter outlines what these teachers were trying to achieve in their
language classes, how they reported on their teaching, and what
reactions ensued. Thus, it gives voice to the teachers of the late
19th century, whose work is evidence of their professionalism and
shows that innovation depends on both bottom-up and top-down
processes.
Statistical methodology for developing vertical scales for
language tests
Authors: Gu Lixiong , Li Yanmei , Monfils Lora , Papageorgiou Spiros
Published: June 2023

This chapter is the last of the three chapters that describe
the process of design and implementation of a vertical linking project
for language tests based on a multi-year project for the
TOEFL® Family of Assessments. The chapter focuses on the
statistical methodology for developing the listening and reading
vertical scales. Topics covered include the common item linking design,
procedures of Item Response Theory (IRT) scaling and linking to build
the vertical scales, and the method for evaluating measurement precision
across language tests along the proficiency levels on the vertical
scales.
Measuring the environment of a Cs qubit with dynamical decoupling sequences
Authors: Burgardt S , Jäger S B , Feß J , Hiebel S , Schneider I , Widera A
Published: June 2023

We report the experimental implementation of dynamical decoupling on a small, non-interacting ensemble of up to 25 optically trapped, neutral Cs atoms. The qubit consists of the two magnetic-insensitive Cs clock states

|
F
=
3
,

m
F

=
0
⟩

and

|
F
=
4
,

m
F

=
0
⟩

, which are coupled by microwave radiation. We observe a significant enhancement of the coherence time when employing Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. A CPMG sequence with ten refocusing pulses increases the coherence time of 16.2(9) ms by more than one order of magnitude to 178(2) ms. In addition, we make use of the filter function formalism and utilise the CPMG sequence to measure the background noise floor affecting the qubit coherence, finding a power-law noise spectrum

1

/

ω
α

with

α

=
0.89
(
2
)

. This finding is in very good agreement with an independent measurement of the noise in the intensity of the trapping laser. Moreover, the measured coherence evolutions also exhibit signatures of low-frequency noise originating at distinct frequencies. Our findings point toward noise spectroscopy of engineered atomic baths through single-atom dynamical decoupling in a system of individual Cs impurities immersed in an ultracold 87Rb bath.
Design and characterisation of multi-mode interference reflector lasers for integrated photonics
Authors: Albeladi F T , Gillgrass S , Nabialek J , Mishra P , Forrest R , Albiladi T R , Allford C P , Deng H , Tang M , Liu H-Y , Shutts S , Smowton P M
Published: June 2023

InAs quantum dot ridge waveguide lasers comprising single-port multi-mode-interference-reflectors (MMIR) and single-cleaved reflectors are designed, fabricated, and characterised, to demonstrate capability for optoelectronic-integrated-circuits. Simulations of an MMIR show high values of fundamental mode reflectivity (

>
80
%
)

and good selectivity against higher order modes. Deep-etched MMIR lasers fabricated with 0.5 mm long cavities have a threshold current of 24 mA, compared to 75 mA for standard Fabry–Perot cleaved–cleaved FP-RWG lasers of the same length, both at 25 °C, and 56 mA compared to 102 mA at 55 °C. MMIR lasers exhibit stable ground state operation up to 50 °C and show promise as small footprint sources for integrated photonics.
The effect of side substitution and quantum interference on the performance of molecular thermoelectric devices: a brief review
Authors: Tan Shihua , Zeng Jiang , Peng Xiaofang , Chen Ke-Qiu
Published: June 2023

In recent years, researchers have shown great interest in organic thermoelectric materials that are economical, efficient, lightweight, and environmentally friendly. With advancements in experimental measurement techniques and theoretical calculations, investigations of the thermoelectric properties of molecular devices have become feasible. To regulate the thermoelectric properties of molecular devices, many strategies have been proposed. In this work, we review the theoretical analytical and experimental research methods used to study these properties. We then focus on two tuning strategies, side substitution, and quantum interface effects, which have demonstrated significant improvements in the thermoelectric performance of molecular devices. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced in experimental and theoretical studies and the future prospects of molecular thermoelectric devices.
Transverse currents in spin transistors
Authors: Sahoo Bijay Kumar , Soori Abhiram
Published: June 2023

In many systems, planar Hall effect wherein transverse signal appears in response to longitudinal stimulus is rooted in spin–orbit coupling (SOC). A spin transistor put forward by Datta and Das on the other hand consists of ferromagnetic leads connected to SOC central region and its conductance can be controlled by tuning the strength of SOC. We find that transverse currents also appear in Datta–Das transistors made by connecting two two-dimensional ferromagnetic reservoirs to a central SOC two-dimensional electron gas. We find that the spin transistor exhibits a nonzero transverse conductivity which depends on the direction of polarization in ferromagnets and the location where it is measured. We study the conductivities for the system with finite and infinite widths. The conductivities exhibit Fabry–Pérot type oscillations as the length of the SOC regions is varied. Interestingly, even in the limit when longitudinal conductivity is made zero by cutting off the junction between the central SOC region and the ferromagnetic lead on one side (right), the transverse conductivities remain nonzero in the regions that are on the left side of the cut-off junction.
Evaluating interfacial bonding quality of multilayered structure based on ultrasonic testing technology
Authors: Li Puxin , Wang Xingguo , Li Xiaogao , Shen Guolang , Ma Chengwen , Huang Zhicheng , Su Shiyu
Published: June 2023

An ultrasonic evaluation method of interfacial bonding quality from layered structures is proposed for enhancing the testing accuracy. The ultrasonic reflection and transmission characteristic is theoretically analyzed, which focus on the different quality of the single and double bonding interface with spring-type. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient mathematic models, which include multiple parameters, are derived from the transfer matrix. Taking the first, second, and the double bonding interface as the research objects, respectively, two types of resonant frequencies have been presented by numerical solving the model, namely, the first type resonance frequency (RFI) and the second type resonance frequency (RFII). The results show that the interval of the RFⅠ is related to medium thickness of the maximum acoustic impedance. Similarly, the interval of the RFⅡ depends on other layers’ thickness. In addition, the transmission coefficient shows a change in different trends with the bonding interface gradually tending to rigid. When the adhesive layer thickness is sufficiently small compared with the wavelength, the reflection coefficient shows many local minima points at a certain frequencies range, the frequency of local minimum point increases with the increase of the stiffness coefficient. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical solution results and finite element analysis results.
Multi-functional 0–3 composite polyimide films for microsystem applications
Authors: Guler Zeynel , Vazquez Irma Rocio , Jackson Nathan
Published: June 2023

The development of smart functional thin film composite polymer materials has been extensively investigated over the past decade. However, the polymers poor thermal properties have negatively impacted the manufacturing complexity resulting in limited success in microsystem applications. This paper investigates the development of microelectromechanical systems compatible flexible multi-functional 0–3 composite materials consisting of a high temperature polyimide (PI) matrix with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Microfabrication manufacturing methods were investigated to deposit the thin film composites and they were characterized with varying concentrations of nanoparticles. Piezoelectric composites with room temperature d
33,f values up to 23 pC N−1 were demonstrated. In addition, Ag-PI composites demonstrated electrical conductivity values of 11 S m−1 at room temperature. The composites maintain relatively high mechanical flexibility and temperature properties from the PI matrix. Integration of the nanoparticles in the films were validated through x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy images. The PZT-PI composites demonstrated an increase in piezoelectric values under elevated temperatures up to 300 °C. Capacitor and energy harvesting devices consisting of three layers of composite films (Ag-PI/PZT-PI/Ag-PI) were microfabricated to validate the materials functionality and integration into microsystem-based devices. These novel flexible high temperature films could have wide use in next generation electronics.
Structural damage identification with unknown external inputs based on the sparse constraint
Authors: Wei Da , Li Dongsheng , Cai Enjian , Huang Jiezhong , Guo Xin
Published: June 2023

The strength and integrity of a structure are determined not only by the quality of its materials, but also by the health of its various components. In some cases, damaged cracks inside the structure will be generated from excessive loads, which may cause catastrophic failure of structures if undetected for a long period. However, at early stages, most of the damages are minor, and therefore difficult to detect by only visual inspection. Thus, in this paper, a damage estimation algorithm based on an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed, which can identify and locate the damage parameters in real time using a limited number of sensors. Meanwhile, using this algorithm, joint force-damage estimation can be achieved, which is very applicable to the structural system with unknown external inputs. On the other hand, for most structures, the distribution of damage parameters in the space domain is sparse. Therefore, the sparsity of the damage parameter vector is introduced to UKF as an l
1-norm constraint by the pseudo measurement (PM) technique. Thus, unconstrained optimization of the damage parameter estimation is transformed into an l1
-norm constrained optimization problem. With such improvement, the process of damage parameter estimation converges faster, and the false damage parameters can be effectively restrained. Moreover, to solve the force drift problem during force identification if only acceleration data is used, the sparse constraint of the force vector is also introduced to the UKF framework by the PM technique. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by two case studies, including numerical simulations of a ten-story shear building and experiments of a three-story shear structure. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify the damage, and successfully resolve the common force drift problem.
Spin two-axis-twisting via coherent population trapping based cavity QED
Authors: Hu Liang , Hu Xiangming , Chen Junyu , Xu Jun , Kong Deyi
Published: June 2023

We present a spin two-axis-twisting mechanism via coherent population trapping (CPT) based atom–photon interactions. CPT happens and the atoms are trapped in the dark state (coherent superposition of two ground states) when the ground states are resonantly coupled to a common excited state. Close to CPT, the atoms behave as two dark-state based spins, which interact with the common cavity vacuum fields. The otherwise nonexistent interaction is created between them and is identified to be responsible for the two-axis-twisting of the ground state spin. The essential difference from the previous schemes is the compatibility of the twisting spin squeezing with the resonant atom-light interaction. The CPT resonant unit serves as a kind of new ingredients for the quantum networks.
NGC 1068 constraints on neutrino-dark matter scattering
Authors: Cline James M. , Puel Matteo
Published: June 2023

The IceCube collaboration has observed the first steady-state point source of high-energy
neutrinos, coming from the active galaxy NGC 1068. If neutrinos interacted strongly enough with
dark matter, the emitted neutrinos would have been impeded by the dense spike of dark matter
surrounding the supermassive black hole at the galactic center, which powers the emission. We
derive a stringent upper limit on the scattering cross section between neutrinos and dark matter
based on the observed events and theoretical models of the dark matter spike. The bound can be
stronger than that obtained by the single IceCube neutrino event from the blazar TXS 0506+056 for
some spike models.
Calculating the energy capacity and capacity factor of floating photovoltaic (FPV) power plant in the cirata reservoir using different types of solar panels
Authors: Febrian H G , Supriyanto A , Purwanto H
Published: June 2023

The trend to use solar energy as an electrical energy source continues to grow around the world. Located on the equator, Indonesia has the potential for continuously available solar energy throughout the year, which means that the use of solar energy as a solar power plant need to be increased. Floating solar power plant is a solution for solar power plant development in areas where land is limited due to high population density. One of the reservoirs currently under development and construction of floating solar power plant under the Electric Power Supply Business Plan 2021 – 2030 is the Cirata Reservoir with power capacity of 145 MWp. This study aims to obtain the results of the calculation of the energy capacity and capacity factor of the 145 MWp Cirata Reservoir floating solar power plant using different types of solar panel with RETScreen Expert software. This study uses data analysis techniques. The annual energy capacity results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types are 190.54 GWh, 190.54 GWh, and 186.87 GWh respectively. The capacity factor results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types respectively are 15.00%; 15.00%; and 14.70%.
Thermodynamics of Kerr-Newman Black Hole
Authors: Syahputra Gutivan A. , Anang Subagyo Bintoro
Published: June 2023

This paper reviews the solution of Einstein’s field equations for rotating black holes coupled with Maxwell’s electromagnetics. We derive the thermodynamic quantities of black hole, such as temperature, entropy, and energy with respect to mass, charge, and angular momentum, to derive the first law of thermodynamics. Also, we show that the black hole’s entropy of the black hole will be directly proportional to the irreducible mass of the black hole. We present a comparison between black hole’s possible maximal mass that can be extracted with it total mass.
Dose analysis of proton beam therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma using PHITS version 3.20
Authors: Nofi Santika Ira , Siti Nur Mahmudah Rida , Widiatmono Restu , Sardjono Yohannes , Ismail Zuhdi , Sutresna Wijaya Gede , Mulyadi Triatmoko Isman , Kasesaz Yaser
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers that assault the human liver.. Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a safer therapy for HCC because there is less risk of damaging healthy tissue. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal proton energy for HCC treatment, the effect of proton energy on the rate of absorbed dose for HCC treatment, the effect of proton energy on the total isoeffective dose for the treatment of liver cancer, and safe and effective irradiation techniques for the treatment of HCC. This study is a simulation method using the PHITS 3.20. The PHITS3.20 program begins with defining the geometry, the material for liver cancer, other organs as the object under study, and the energy source used. The proton source used is S2C2 (Superconducting Synchrocyclotron). The independent variable in this study is the proton energy range between 75 MeV to 112 MeV according to the S2C2 output, while the dependent variable is the absorbed dose rate. The results of this study describe the optimum energy for HCC treatment as 88 MeV to 112 MeV; the more significant the energy used, the higher the dose rate for GTV; the more significant the energy used, the higher the dose. The total isoeffective on GTV will be smaller, and a safe and effective irradiation method for treating HCC is the pencil scattering method.
The surface plasmon polaritons in metal which is immersed in vegetable oil: The effect of metal thickness
Authors: Gunawan Vincensius
Published: June 2023

The liquid dielectrics have been widely used in transformer technology. However, there is very limited information in the usage of liquid dielectrics in optics, especially in generating surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) at the interface between conductor and dielectrics. In this study, we immersed conductor in liquid dielectrics and predicted the generation of SPP. Here, we used vegetable oils as liquid dielectric, since vegetable oil was relatively cheap and environment friendly. Using Maxwell equations and the continuity of the fields at the interface, the dispersion relation was derived. Then, dispersion relation was solved numerically using root finding technique. We found that the conductor’s thickness affected the frequency of surface plasmon polaritons. The thinner the conductor thickness, the higher the SPP frequency will be.
Analysis of the intermittent laser-induced thermocapillary convection of the melt by the method of short-time correlation
Authors: Zavalov Y N , Dubrov A V , Rodin P S , Makarova E S , Dubrov V D
Published: June 2023

Online video diagnostics was used in the process of laser metal deposition. The method of short-time correlation was applied to analyse fluctuations in the size of the molten pool. Power distributions of the cross correlation of the breadth and length of the pool depending on the intensity of laser irradiation up to 30 kW/cm2 are obtained. The intermittency in parameters of the molten pool is associated with changes in the structure of convective Marangoni flows in the melt during the formation of the bead. It is shown to decrease the duration of the regular changes in the parameters of the molten pool with the increase in the intensity of laser irradiation.
Changes in the properties of kenaf/silica/epoxy hybrid composites by variations in silica particle sizes and contents
Authors: Sosiati H , Khunaefi I A , Diputra G A
Published: June 2023

Silica micro-/nanoparticle reinforced composites have been extensively investigated. This study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 25 vol.% untreated kenaf fiber, 2 vol.% silica microparticles (>100, 74, 37 µm), and 73 vol.% epoxy resin were fabricated to be the composites by cold-press molding for 24 hours, then subjected to the tensile test to identify the highest composite’s tensile strength corresponding to SEM of the fracture surface. The highest value from the first stage was used in the second stage to determine the influence of the silica particle contents of 1, 3, and 5 vol.% on the composite’s tensile properties and water absorption rate. These results achieved an optimum kenaf/silica/epoxy composite’s tensile properties (64.10 MPa for tensile strength and 6.60 MPa for tensile modulus) by 37 µm silica particle size and 2 vol.% silica content. However, the composite containing 5 vol.% silica reached the lowest water absorption rate of 7.40%.
Intelligent system for automatic image description of optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bolodurina I P , Lositsky A O , Borshchuk E L , Voronina A E , Yu Zhigalov A , Grishina L S
Published: June 2023

The development and implementation of an intelligent system for automatic image description of an optical coherence tomograph allows us to reduce the time of image processing and, consequently, to accelerate the diagnosis of diseases. To develop this system, it is necessary to solve many problems of binary classification for the presence of markers characterizing pathologies of various types or their absence. In this regard, this work is aimed at developing models that effectively solve many problems of binary classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to describe the state of the retina.
Mathematical modeling of complex heat transfer in the context of the endovenous laser ablation
Authors: Yu Chebotarev A , Park N M , Mesenev P R , Kovtanyuk A E
Published: June 2023

An initial-boundary value problem for quasi-linear model of complex heat exchange (where the conductive and radiative contributions are simultaneously taken into account), describing the mechanism of endovenous laser ablation, is studied. The existence and uniqueness of a solution is proved. An iterative procedure to find a solution is constructed and its convergence is established. The efficiency of the iterative procedure is illustrated by conducted numerical simulations.
Numerical simulation of polarization switching kinetics in ferroelectrics based on fractional Kolmogorov – Avrami model
Authors: Moroz L I , Barabash T K , Maslovskaya A G
Published: June 2023

The Kolmogorov – Avrami theory of crystallization is widely used for simulation of polarization switching kinetics in ferroelectrics. In the present study, a fractional modification of the Kolmogorov – Avrami model is examined in view of the application to polarization switching current in ferroelectrics. The approach is based on the numerical calculation of the Caputo fractional derivative with respect to the time-dependent function relating to the switching transients. The results of computational experiments are demonstrated with variation of both the parameters of domain growth and the order of time-fractional derivative. A comparison of the simulation results with experimental data and the corresponding statistical estimates are also carried out.
The phenotype of the three-way cross soybean (Glycine max [L.] merrill) results
Authors: Rahmadana F , Hanafiah D S , Siregar L A M , Lubis K , Haryati
Published: June 2023

The high demand for soybeans can be met by increasing soybean production through crossbreeding. Crossbreeding of soybean varieties using the three-way cross method from three parents, namely Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1, can be a solution to the problem. Increasing genetic diversity through cross breeding is one of the efforts to form a primary population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the agronomic character of the F1.1 generation of soybean plants resulting from a cross between three parents. This study was carried out in a land located in Emplasmen Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency. The observations were carried out by observing all the plants planted in the field. This study showed that the height of the F1.1 plants resulted from a cross of three parents varied, and the mean number of primary branches produced was 2.72. The mean seed weight of the F1.1 is 17.62 g.
Adaptive parameters for smart climate agriculture: case study on erratic climate in Lombok, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Mahrup M , Kusnartha I G M , Sukartono S , Silawibawa P , Susilowati L E , Padusung P , Fahrudin F
Published: June 2023

An erratic climate is one the most complex phenomena in semi-arid tropics. Therefore, dewpoint temperature (Td), relative humidity (RH) and air temperature (Ta) could be adaptive parameters required to resolve the complexity of the climate in the regions. Descriptive research was conducted to study variability of the Td, RH and Ta in the erratic climate of Lombok. Objective of research was to study temporal and spatial variability of the Td resulted from variation of Ta and RH. Climate data, namely temperature, preci-pitation and RH were collected within a period of 15 years (2006-2021). Scenario of the onset and the end of rainy season were constructed by means of a polynomial model. Results of the model showed that the onset of rainy season was initiated if the Td reached 26.2°C. A transition period from wet to dry was commenced when Td at 25.2 °C, and the difference between Ta and Td (∆Td) was 2.78 °C. In the wet season, the Td was 23.5°C with ∆Td 2.42 °C, RH 87%, and predicted rainy day was 98 days (91.6%). In dry season, the average Td was 22.2°C with ∆Td 3.12°C, RH 75.3%, and predicted rainy days were 27 days (actual 22 days). In conclusion, increase in air temperature without increase in humidity could result in decreasing number of potential rainy days, delaying of the onset rainy season and extending period of dry season. The dewpoint temperature would be the adaptive parameter in smart climate agriculture and being an effective measure to mitigate climate change in the erratic climate of Lombok.
Effect of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) extract on height and number of roots in patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) subculture planlet
Authors: Yunita Y , Izzah N , Amalia A , Harnelly E , Masykur M , Siregar Z , Rizki A
Published: June 2023

Extracts of plant parts have the potential as growth regulators that can be used in in vitro culture. In order to find the ideal tomato extract concentration for the growth of patchouli explan, this study examine the effect of tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum) as natural growth regulator on the height and quantity of roots in patchouli (Pogotemon cablin Benth.) subculture. This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 (MS medium 0), P1 (MS medium + 4 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P2 (MS medium + 6 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P3 (MS medium + 8 ml/L tomato fruit extract), P4 (MS medium + 10 ml/L tomato fruit extract) and P5 (MS medium + 12 ml/L tomato extract). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan post-hoc test at a significant level of 95% applied to data by using SPSS version 18. The outcomes demonstrated that the injection of tomato fruit extract had a substantial impact on the roots rather than the height parameter plantlets. The control treatment (MS 0) resulted in the best average number of roots, it was suspected that the tomato fruit extract contained compounds which inhibited root growth.
Monitoring bacterial cellulose growth during fermentation with various carbon sources by applying real-time image processing
Authors: Ahmadi T P , Nugroho D A
Published: June 2023

Nata de coco is a fermented product made from coconut water. Acetobacter xylinum is used in coconut water fermentation to produce very fine cellulose fibers. This study aims to observe the bacterial cellulose (BC) formation with various carbon sources using the Real-Time Image Processing approach. Fermentation is stopped when the BC reaches a certain thickness. A set of tools have been modified to perform fermentation, such as using Raspberry Pi, Arduino sensors, USB Web Camera, and building a BC growth monitoring database that is integrated with PHP. The results showed the highest correlation between time and thickness for glucose, sucrose and mannitol mediums. Cluster analysis showed that glucose had three clusters, while sucrose and mannitol had two groups. The kinetic observations of BC growth on glucose, sucrose, and mannitol mediums follow the Gompertz model equation. The conclusions obtained are that glucose had the fastest adaptation phase, followed by sucrose, and mannitol. Mannitol was referred to as the carbon sources that had the longest BC formation.
Identification of rice plants via DNA barcoding for securing future food availability
Authors: Trinugroho J P , Sudigyo D , Hidayat A A , Nirwantono R , Mahesworo B , Pardamean B
Published: June 2023

Given the continuous increase in the world population, producing more food is necessary. The majority of people across the world consume rice as the main food. Thus, it is essential to produce more rice plants to be able to feed the growing world population. Molecular biology techniques have advanced rapidly, allowing the exploration and discovery of various plants by examining their DNA genome, which is called DNA barcoding. This paper aims to develop a pipeline for the identification and exploration of rice plants by utilizing a DNA barcoding approach. We chose the rbcL gene as a target region for DNA barcoding. Then, we retrieved the sequences of different rice species from the online database. After performing sequence analysis, a set of primers were designed, which were then used for in-silico PCR amplification. We have shown that the designed primers have fulfilled the desired criteria. In addition, the gel electrophoresis confirmed the successful amplification of the rbcL gene using the designed primers. Hence, this study can be used to identify rice species or variants with superior traits. This may help to solve the food availability issue in the future.
Design of pliek-u dryer using Dafa-type solar energy
Authors: Agustina R , Hayati R , Hasanuddin H , Fadhil R
Published: June 2023

One of the food diversification strategies of coconut commodity is to process it into Pliek U. Pliek U is a typical food of the Province of Aceh, Indonesia, which in its processing stage requires a drying process. So far, Pliek U drying process is often conducted conventionally through direct drying (sun drying), so that Pliek U produced is susceptible to dust and other dirt contamination. This research aimed to design a Pliek U dryer using Dafa type solar energy. The Dafa type solar energy dryer used a turbine ventilator with a vertical axis wind turbine equipped with two solar collectors. This turbine had a simple shape and construction and was arranged like the letter S. While the two parts of the solar collector were used to collect energy from the sun directly. In the experiment, the blank test was carried out in the time range, namely from 10.20 am to 04.50 pm in sunny weather, with an interval of 30 minutes for each temperature data recording. The empty test results of the Dafa type solar energy dryer showed that the average shelf temperature was 44.21 °C, the collector temperature was 45.64 °C, and the ambient temperature was 31.14 °C. This initial test revealed that the performance ability of the tool was very effective in maintaining temperature during the drying process, so that further tests using materials for drying Pliek U may be carried out.
Effect of different drying heating sources on quality of brewed green tea
Authors: Sulaiman I , Aprilla S , Yusriana Y , Perez C T
Published: June 2023

The development of product quality is one of the most critical factors in the industry because rate changes can result in changes in the selling value of the product. Tea processing in the industry is generally a quality analysis process before the product is marketed. Analyzing the quality of brewing in green tea is carried out when the tea is dry and then brewed to specific standards. The tea drying process is carried out using a dryer. The dryer and the fuel used significantly affect the quality of the tea before it is marketed. In this study, green tea brewing quality was tested based on dryer fuels, such as Taiwan element electric (P1), element electric (P2), wood fuel (P3), jumbo wood fuel (P4), gas fuel + element (P5), and fuel gas (P6). This study uses the factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method; if it has a significant effect, the BNT will be further tested. The results of this study indicate that the perfect color was found in the dryer with elemental electric with a score of 2.84 (yellowish), and the best taste was found in the gas + element dryer with a score of 2.48 (good). The steeping dregs were the brightest found in the dryer, with an electric element score of 2.34.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of three types of wine coffees from Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Muzaifa M , Abubakar Y , Nilda C , Andini R , Olivia B , Putri A N
Published: June 2023

Wine coffee is coffee products which is produced through a natural coffee processing process which is modified with a longer fermentation process. Currently, the coffee wine processing in the Gayo highlands of Aceh is very popular because it has a fairly high selling price, reaching two to three times higher than regular coffee. This research aims to analyze the physicochemical and sensory properties of three types of wine coffees consisting of soft, hard and black wine coffee which are distinguished by their process based on the length of fermentation. Wine coffee with longer fermentation time has a darker color, sour smell and lower pH. The colour of wine coffee is range from yellowish to brownish. These wine coffees has water content ranges from 10.33-11.67% (meets the standard) and a slightly sour to sour smell with a pH range of 4.65-4.87. The wine coffee flavor scale ranges from 6.5 (good)-7.75 (very good) with a cupping score below the specialty coffee score. The fermented taste attributes detected in wine coffee were winey, overripe, vinegar, citrusy and sourly. The winey character that is often associated with wine coffee is found with moderate to high intensity. In particular, overripe, vinegar and sourly characters have a higher intensity in soft and strong wine coffee than black wine coffee.
Production analysis of Carrot Farming in Batu City
Authors: Pariasa I I , Hardana A E
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of production factors (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor) and analyze the scale of carrot farming. The research method for determining the location was carried out deliberately in Bumiaji District, Batu City, East Java Province. The interview was conducted with a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques to analyze factors affecting the production of carrot farming as well as economies of scale with the Cobb-Douglas production function using the RStudio software program. From the results of the analysis for production factors that have a real influence on the production of carrot farming including seeds, pesticides, and labor. If the three factors’ productions are increasingly used for carrot farming, the production produced will be even greater. The value of production elasticity (EP) in carrot production in Batu City is at a condition of increasing returns to scale which shows that an increase in production inputs can increase carrot production yields.
Location-specific cultivation techniques for Arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency
Authors: Manfarizah M , Karim A , Basri H , Muyassir M
Published: June 2023

Gayo coffee is one of the leading commodities originating from the Gayo Highlands, one of which is Bener Meriah Regency. The Gayo coffee commodity cultivated by farmers is Arabica coffee, consisting of Gayo 1, Gayo 2, and Gayo 3 clones. Arabica coffee has been developed by the Gayo community for many years with a continuous cultivation system throughout the year. This coffee farming business is relatively advanced, various introductions have been made, which are based on experience gained from generation to generation (location specific) so that it can affect the performance of the coffee farming business being cultivated. The use of cultivated land for years with a coffee cultivation system causes a decrease in land fertility, resulting in a decrease in coffee production. This study aims to determine the location-specific cultivation techniques for Arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency that have been carried out by farmers from generation to generation. The method used is descriptive quantitative analysis using survey methods. The survey method was conducted by conducting direct interviews with respondents, namely farmers who cultivate Arabica coffee. Respondents were determined through Stratified Random Sampling. The results showed were generally farmers using mixed varieties in one garden (59.34%), the spacing varied generally 2.5 meters x 2.5 meters (59.34 %), 82.42% used organic and inorganic fertilizers, only 5.49% used organic fertilizers and 12.09% used inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are sourced from composted coffee husks. Soil and water conservation measures carried out in coffee plantations are only vegetative methods, the type of shade is generally Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) plants. Generally, herbicides were used for weed control (83.52%) and only 12.09% famers used pesticides to control plant pest organisms.
Microclimate of broiler cage with rice husk absorbent
Authors: Tugiyanti E , Harisulistyawan I , Suswoyo I , Heriyanto S
Published: June 2023

Air polution is one of the side effect of broiler production. Broiler chickens produce excreta that contains high ammonia which is derived from the high intake of protein feed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adsorbent made of rice husk with different levels of activators on ammonia in the cage of broiler chickens, the temperature heat index (THI), and litter pH. The materials used were 180 broiler chickens kept in an open cage. The research was carried out utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, utilizing treatments of rice husk adsorbent activated with HCl at the concentrations of 0N, 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, and 5N, then mixed into the litter for flooring at the start of maintenance. The treatments were replicated five times, and the observed variables were ammonia level of litter cage, temperature heat index (THI) and litter pH. The analysis of variance showed that absorbents made of rice husk showed non-significant (P>0.5) effect on the level of ammonia letter of broiler chickens during finisher period, and litter pH. It is concluded that rice husk adsorbent that is activated with HCl is feasible for reducing the level of ammonia, THI, and litter pH of broiler cage. The HCl 2 N activator was the best treatment for activating rice husk adsorbent.
A study of rice farming community in Aceh Besar
Authors: Susanti E , Agussabti  , Fajri  , Sukesi K , Makmur T , Zikri I , Zahara S , Putra D Y
Published: June 2023

Women have a great contribution and potential in supporting agricultural and rural development through their active role in the production and household economic activities. This study aims to understand the level of empowerment of women farmers in the lowland rice community in Kecamatan Lhong, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. This study uses a WEAI approach that focuses on five domains of empowerment. A total of 30 respondents have been surveyed using questionnaires and direct interviews. The results show that the capacity to build and empower women in farming production activities is moderate with the lowest sub-domain being the allocation of productive time.
Preliminary study: potential of tropical forest and coastal area for eco-edutourism on pesanggrahan beach, Malang Regency
Authors: Insani N , Purwanto P , Rochman F , Dharmawan A , Akhsani F , Majid Z , A’rachman F R , Billah E N , Apsari R W , Rohmah R M , Sandra E D , Dhia S I , Sulistio I , Permata E S
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this preliminary study is to investigate and explore the potential that exists in the Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest area for eco-educational planning. The indicators of this preliminary study are divided into three: the potential of tropical forests, the potential of coastal areas, and the potential of socio-economic conditions. This study was carried out along the coast. and Pesanggrahan Forest, administratively located in Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency. Analysis of the potential of coastal areas using the Tourism Suitability Index with conditional results for coastal tourism. These results indicate that from a preliminary study of the potential of the Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest area suitable for eco-educational planning, it is supported by other potentials in the form of potential socio-economic conditions, physical and biophysical potentials.
Vegetation cover analysis for sustainable coastal forest management in Pesanggrahan, Bantur District, Malang Regency
Authors: Insani N , Purwanto P , Rochman F , Dharmawan A , Akhsani F , Majid Z , A’rachman F R , Billah E N , Apsari RW , Rohmah R M , Sandra E D , Dhia S I , Sulistio I , Permata E S
Published: June 2023

Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest has potential in the ecotourism and education sector because it has biodiversity and stunning landscapes. However, this condition does not rule out the possibility of changes due to the degradation of protected forest ecosystem functions. The instability of this ecosystem function can lead to reduced types of biodiversity in the Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest. Keeping the Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest intact needs to be addressed to reduce the threat of forest ecosystem function degradation. Management for the education and ecotourism sectors is useful when involving the community and other relevant stakeholders as a protection for achieving sustainable forest management. This study aims to analyze vegetation density using NDVI analysis of biogeodiversity and analyze eco-edutourism model planning for sustainable forest management in Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest, Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency. Based on research data, it is known that the distribution of NDVI values in Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest in 2022 is in the vicinity of 0.63 - 0.85 which is included in the classification of dense vegetation or high density. High vegetation density can affect the high level of biogeodiversity as well. Based on the survey results, the number of plant species was 444 species belonging to 94 families. Thus, the diversity or composition of the plant taxon making up the vegetation in the Pesanggrahan Coastal Forest area is still high. The eco-edutourism model of the Pesangrahan Coastal Forest Area adapts the best practice model for forest management which is always related to social, economic, and environmental aspects.
The study of millennial farmers behavior in agricultural production
Authors: Novisma Adzkia , Iskandar Elvira
Published: June 2023

As the agricultural sector develops, millennial farmers play an important role in increasing the existence of food self-sufficiency. The millennial generation has prominent characteristics as dynamic, optimistic, and forward-thinking individuals that lead to better efforts and wider access to technology implementation in improving agricultural production performance. This article aims to examine several behavioral theories and theories of acceptance of technology towards young farmers, as well as to explain the differences in the behavior of young farmers and old farmers in norms, attitudes and perceptions. The method used is a literature review related to behavioral theory and technology acceptance theory. The results and conclusions show that millennial farmers have better levels of education, wider social networks and higher responsiveness to the use of technology and information to develop their farming businesses. Millennial farmers pay more attention to quality and better motivation to engage in agricultural change. Their willingness to learn will support the improvement of technical capabilities and farm performance. The involvement of millennials in agricultural production will benefit the agricultural sector to carry out an innovative and advanced production system towards sustainability.
Modelling and control of a grid-connected AC microgrid with the integration of an electric vehicle
Authors: Akarne Youssef , Essadki Ahmed , Nasser Tamou , Laghridat Hammadi
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient model and a robust control that ensures good power quality for the AC microgrid (MG) connected to the utility grid with the integration of an electric vehicle (EV). The MG consists of two renewable energy sources: a photovoltaic system (PVS) and a wind turbine system (WTS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), with the integration of an EV. These sources are used to supply active and reactive power to the AC bus and the utility grid. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on the perturb-and-observe (PO) method is used to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules and improve overall performance. The MG system includes a 2-MW WTS, a 100-kW PVS and 12 kW provided by the EV. To validate the performance of the proposed system, a series of simulations were conducted using the MATLAB®/Simulink® environment. The results demonstrate that the proposed system ensures high performance in terms of power quality, system stability, power tracking and safe integration of the EV.