bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical leadership and individual ambidexterity: the mediating role of equity sensitivity and the moderating role of openness to experience
Authors: Shahid Iqra , Anwar Ul Haq Muhammad , Di Virgilio Francesca , Ahmed Mirza Ashfaq
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of ethical leadership (EL) on individual ambidexterity (IA). Equity sensitivity (ES) was proposed as an underlying mechanism between EL and ambidexterity. Openness to experience (OTE) was hypothesized to strengthen the effect of EL on IA.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected, using a cross-sectional survey design, from employees working in Software Houses in Pakistan using multistage sampling. A usable sample of 255 was subjected to analysis in a two-step structural equation modelling.

Findings

The empirical findings revealed that EL has a positive effect on IA. ES partially mediated between EL and IA. OTE strengthens the impact of EL on IA.

Practical implications

This study carries some implications for practitioners, and in particular it provides a clear direction to the management who exhibits EL characteristics. Ethical leaders encourage their followers to explore new things, to behave more innovatively at work and to take the risk in implementing and introducing new ideas.

Social implications

This study highlights that EL should establish a positive work environment in which employees have a comfortable feeling when applying their explorative and exploitative activities to their work.

Originality/value

This study investigates critical linkages between EL and IA. Given the importance of IA, results provide novel guidance regarding EL style and the significance of equity in workplace. Recruitment decisions will also be guided by choosing those who have an open personality orientation in the workplace.
Performance of old and new mass‐lumped triangular finite elements for wavefield modelling
Authors: Mulder W. A.
Published: May 2023

Finite elements with mass lumping allow for explicit time stepping when modelling wave propagation and can be more efficient than finite differences in complex geological settings. In two dimensions on quadrilaterals, spectral elements are the obvious choice. Triangles offer more flexibility for meshing, but the construction of polynomial elements is less straightforward. The elements have to be augmented with higher‐degree polynomials in the interior to preserve accuracy after lumping of the mass matrix. With the classic accuracy criterion, triangular elements suitable for mass lumping up to a polynomial degree 9 were found. With a newer, less restrictive criterion, new elements were constructed of degree 5–7. Some of these are more efficient than the older ones. To assess which of all these elements performs best, the acoustic wave equation is solved for a homogeneous model on a square and on a domain with corners, as well as on a heterogeneous example with topography. The accuracy and runtimes are measured using either higher‐order time stepping or second‐order time stepping with dispersion correction. For elements of polynomial degree 2 and higher, the latter is more efficient. Among the various finite elements, the degree‐4 element appears to be a good choice.
Embracing the Language of Human Rights: International Women's Organisations, Feminism and Campaigns Against the Marriage Bar, c.1919–1960
Authors: Glew Helen
Published: May 2023

This article considers four international women's organisations – the International Council of Women, the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, the International Federation of University Women and the Open Door International – and their campaigns for the right of married women to undertake paid work. It examines how each organisation adopted and engaged with the language of human rights in the late 1920s and 1930s. It is argued that after 1948, precisely because of its formal adoption by the UN, the language of human rights became less usable as a way to make the point that women still faced inequalities, and so other framings became more significant. This article contributes to historiographies on international women's organisations, offers a detailed discussion of their activism against the marriage bar, and challenges the conventional chronology of the concept and language of human rights.
Competition, agglomeration, and tenant composition in shopping malls
Authors: Leung David , Liu Peng , Zhou Tingyu
Published: May 2023

Previous models of tenant composition in shopping malls have focused on traditional anchor and nonanchor retailers who sell similar merchandise. With the changing preferences of modern shoppers who seek unique and entertaining experiences, this article introduces a new type of store known as “specialty stores” that offer experiential consumption. Using a dynamic game model that considers the trade‐off between the benefits of agglomeration and the costs of competition, we re‐examine the tenant optimization problem faced by mall owners in the current retail environment. Our findings show that specialty stores have a significant impact on the optimal tenant mix and the rent revenue of developers. This article provides valuable insights into the optimal tenant composition for large‐scale shopping centers that cater to contemporary consumers.
Climate change is not just global warming: Multidimensional impacts on animal gut microbiota
Authors: Williams Claire E. , Williams Candace L. , Logan Michael L.
Published: May 2023

Climate change has rapidly altered many ecosystems, with detrimental effects for biodiversity across the globe. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the microorganisms that live in and on animals can substantially affect host health and physiology, and the structure and function of these microbial communities can be highly sensitive to environmental variables. To date, most studies have focused on the effects of increasing mean temperature on gut microbiota, yet other aspects of climate are also shifting, including temperature variation, seasonal dynamics, precipitation and the frequency of severe weather events. This array of environmental pressures might interact in complex and non‐intuitive ways to impact gut microbiota and consequently alter animal fitness. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on animals requires a consideration of multiple types of environmental stressors and their interactive effects on gut microbiota. Here, we present an overview of some of the major findings in research on climatic effects on microbial communities in the animal gut. Although ample evidence has now accumulated that shifts in mean temperature can have important effects on gut microbiota and their hosts, much less work has been conducted on the effects of other climatic variables and their interactions. We provide recommendations for additional research needed to mechanistically link climate change with shifts in animal gut microbiota and host fitness.
Genomic and machine learning‐based screening of aquaculture‐associated introgression into at‐risk wild North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations
Authors: Nugent Cameron M. , Kess Tony , Brachmann Matthew K. , Langille Barbara L. , Holborn Melissa K. , Beck Samantha V. , Smith Nicole , Duffy Steven J. , Lehnert Sarah J. , Wringe Brendan F. , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R.
Published: May 2023

The negative genetic impacts of gene flow from domestic to wild populations can be dependent on the degree of domestication and exacerbated by the magnitude of pre‐existing genetic differences between wild populations and the domestication source. Recent evidence of European ancestry within North American aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has elevated the potential impact of escaped farmed salmon on often at‐risk wild North American salmon populations. Here, we compare the ability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite (SSR) marker panels of different sizes (7‐SSR, 100‐SSR and 220K‐SNP) to detect introgression of European genetic information into North American wild and aquaculture populations. Linear regression comparing admixture predictions for a set of individuals common to the three datasets showed that the 100‐SSR panel and 7‐SSR panels replicated the full 220K‐SNP‐based admixture estimates with low accuracy (r2 of .64 and .49, respectively). Additional tests explored the effects of individual sample size and marker number, which revealed that ~300 randomly selected SNPs could replicate the 220K‐SNP admixture predictions with greater than 95% fidelity. We designed a custom SNP panel (301‐SNP) for European admixture detection in future monitoring work and then developed and tested a python package, salmoneuadmix (https://github.com/CNuge/SalmonEuAdmix), which uses a deep neural network to make de novo estimates of individuals' European admixture proportion without the need to conduct complete admixture analysis utilizing baseline samples. The results demonstrate the mobilization of targeted SNP panels and machine learning in support of at‐risk species conservation and management.
Who drives the international standardisation of telecommunication and digitalisation? Introducing a new data set
Authors: Klotz Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Reinforced by the technological decoupling and the related battle for technological supremacy between the United States and China, telecommunication technology has become increasingly politicised. As the functioning of global telecommunication technology relies on interoperability and compatibility, government and private actors have strong incentives to shape the underlying standards in their economic and political interests. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and its Members play a central role in setting these standards for future telecommunication technology. Despite the ITU's importance in this field, relatively little is known about the organisation's work on standardisation and the actors behind it. This Policy Insight introduces a new data set on the involvement of over 800 government and private actors and their almost 50,000 contributions to ITU standardisation processes between 2000 and 2022. A descriptive analysis of the data set illustrates that particularly Chinese actors—Huawei, ZTE, China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom—have been actively driving the ITU's standardisation processes in the areas of transport, access and home but also future networks and cloud. The data set introduced here is envisaged as a source which allows researchers to study the reasons and implications for certain actors' involvement in the international standardisation of telecommunication and digitalisation.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials: Medical therapies for the treatment and prevention of pouchitis
Authors: Alphonsus Lotus , De Silva Theshani A. , Ma Christopher , MacDonald John K. , Hanzel Jurij , Beaton Melanie , Bessissow Talat , Kayal Maia , Sedano Rocio , Singh Siddharth , Jairath Vipul
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

We conducted a systematic review to assess medical therapy for the treatment and prevention of pouchitis.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of medical therapy in adults with or without pouchitis were searched to March 2022. Primary outcomes included clinical remission/response, maintenance of remission and prevention of pouchitis.

Results

Twenty RCTs (N = 830) were included. Acute pouchitis: One study compared ciprofloxacin with metronidazole. At 2 weeks, 100% (7/7) of ciprofloxacin participants achieved remission, compared with 67% (6/9) of metronidazole participants (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.88–2.35, very low certainty evidence). One study compared budesonide enemas with oral metronidazole. Fifty percent (6/12) of budesonide participants achieved remission compared with 43% (6/14) of metronidazole participants (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.51–2.67, low certainty evidence). Chronic pouchitis: Two studies (n = 76) assessed De Simone Formulation. Eighty‐five percent (34/40) of De Simone Formulation participants maintained remission at 9–12 months compared with 3% (1/36) placebo participants (RR: 18.50, 95% CI: 3.86–88.56, moderate certainty evidence). One study assessed vedolizumab. Thirty‐one percent (16/51) of vedolizumab participants achieved clinical remission at 14 weeks compared with 10% (5/51) of placebo participants (RR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.27–8.08, moderate certainty evidence). Prophylaxis: Two studies assessed De Simone Formulation. Ninety percent (18/20) of De Simone Formulation participants did not develop pouchitis compared with 60% (12/20) of placebo participants (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02–2.21, moderate certainty evidence).

Conclusions

Apart from vedolizumab and the De Simone formulation, the effects of other medical interventions for pouchitis are uncertain.
Treatment‐free remission after dasatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase with deep molecular response: Final 5‐year analysis of DASFREE
Authors: Shah Neil P. , García‐Gutiérrez Valentín , Jiménez‐Velasco Antonio , Larson Sarah M. , Saussele Susanne , Rea Delphine , Mahon François‐Xavier , Levy Moshe Yair , Gómez‐Casares María Teresa , Mauro Michael J. , Sy Oumar , Martin‐Regueira Patricia , Lipton Jeffrey H.
Published: May 2023

Patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP) who have a sustained deep molecular response (DMR) are eligible to discontinue treatment and attempt treatment‐free remission (TFR). In the DASFREE study (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01850004), the 2‐year TFR rate after dasatinib discontinuation was 46%; here we present the 5‐year update. Patients with a stable DMR after ≥2 years of dasatinib therapy discontinued treatment and were followed for 5 years. At a minimum follow‐up of 60 months, in 84 patients discontinuing dasatinib, the 5‐year TFR rate was 44% (n = 37). No relapses occurred after month 39 and all evaluable patients who relapsed and restarted dasatinib (n = 46) regained a major molecular response in a median of 1.9 months. The most common adverse event during the off‐treatment period was arthralgia (18%, 15/84); a total of 15 withdrawal events were reported in nine patients (11%). At the 5‐year final follow‐up, almost half of the patients who discontinued dasatinib after a sustained DMR maintained TFR. All evaluable patients who experienced a relapse quickly regained a DMR after restarting dasatinib, demonstrating that dasatinib discontinuation is a viable and potentially long‐term option in patients with CML‐CP. The safety profile is consistent with the previous report.
Combining thrombopoietin receptor agonists with immunosuppressive drugs in adult patients with multirefractory immune thrombocytopenia, an update on the French experience
Authors: Crickx Etienne , Ebbo Mikael , Rivière Etienne , Souchaud‐Debouverie Odile , Terriou Louis , Audia Sylvain , Ruivard Marc , Asli Bouchra , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Méaux‐Ruault Nadine , Gerfaud‐Valentin Mathieu , Audeguy Philippe , Hamidou Mohamed , Corm Selim , Delbrel Xavier , Fontan Jean , Lebon Delphine , Mausservey Christelle , Moulis Guillaume , Limal Nicolas , Michel Marc , Godeau Bertrand , Mahévas Matthieu
Published: May 2023

Combining drugs could be an effective option for treating multirefractory ITP, that is, patients not responding to rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RA) and splenectomy. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational study including multirefractory ITP patients who received a combination of a TPO‐RA and an immunosuppressive drug. We included 39 patients (67% women, median age 59 years [range 21–96]), with a median ITP duration of 57 months [3–393] and a median platelet count at initiation of 10 × 109/L [1–35]. The combination regimen was given for a median duration of 12 months [1–103] and included eltrombopag (51%) or romiplostim (49%), associated with mycophenolate mofetil (54%), azathioprine (36%), cyclophosphamide (5%), cyclosporin (3%) or everolimus (3%). Overall, 30 patients (77%) achieved at least a response (platelet count ≥30 × 109/L and at least doubling baseline during at least 3 months), including 24 complete responses (platelet count >100 × 109/L during at least 3 months) with a median time to response of 30 days [7–270] and a median duration of response of 15 months [4–63]. Severe adverse event related to ITP treatment was observed in 31%. In conclusion, this study confirms that some patients with multirefractory ITP can achieve long lasting response with this combination.
Zosteriform cutaneous metastases from urothelial carcinoma: Report of a rare case and literature review
Authors: Kuritza Victoria , Pei Susan
Published: May 2023

Zosteriform cutaneous metastases from urothelial carcinoma are rare. Here, we report a 50‐year‐old male with urothelial carcinoma who presented with multiple tender, erythematous papulonodules in an L1–L3 distribution approximately 6 years after primary tumor diagnosis. He had no history of prior herpes zoster infection. Histopathology showed lobules and small nests of atypical epithelioid cells positive for GATA3, CK20, CK7, and p40 throughout the dermis and within lymphatic vessels highlighted by D2‐40, consistent with cutaneous metastases from urothelial carcinoma. No perineural invasion or viral cytopathic change was present. The patient died approximately 8 months after diagnosis of cutaneous metastases. Since its first report in 1986, there have been only six cases of zosteriform cutaneous metastases from urothelial carcinoma. We review the prior literature including hypotheses of the pathogenesis of zosteriform cutaneous metastases, which remain incompletely understood.
Real‐estate Boom, Commodification and Crises of Social Reproductive Institutions in Rural China
Authors: Liu Tiantian
Published: May 2023

Based on 12 months of ethnographic, interview and archival research in a poor rural county in China, this article argues that three state policies, namely the concentration of rural educational resources in the county seat, the decision to make access to county‐seat public schools conditional upon homeownership in school districts, and the (former) one‐child policy, have compelled rural households to participate in the real‐estate market to meet the reproductive needs of basic education and marriage. The increasing commodification of education and marriage has fuelled a local real‐estate boom during the past decade. At the same time, it has put peasant‐migrant households under severe economic pressure, forcing them to relocate unpaid female care labour away from the village and to become heavily indebted. These outcomes have had serious repercussions for two other reproductive institutions, leading to a breakdown in intergenerational care and financial support for the elderly, and a sharp decline in the rural birth rate. The Chinese countryside as a social space in which peasant‐migrant households were able to reproduce themselves in a relatively non‐commodified manner has disappeared.
Law and Famine: Learning from the Hunger Courts in South Sudan
Authors: Pendle Naomi
Published: May 2023

Activists and scholars are seeking to end famine by promoting international legal accountability for starvation. This article deepens our understanding of the relationship between the politics of famine and law by observing the ongoing prevalence and power of legal norms and institutions during times of famine. It reveals the widespread use of hunger courts in famine‐prone South Sudan and their role in legally enforcing social networks that provide for the most vulnerable. Based on analysis of country‐wide survey data from 2018 and 2019, qualitative interviews from 2019‒22 and in‐depth ethnographic observations of hunger courts in one chiefdom in South Sudan during a period of famine‐level hunger in 2018 and 2019, the article argues that hunger courts have played a key role in enforcing social networks. These courts have also supported continuity of chiefs’ authority despite crisis. The article concludes by addressing two issues: whether law is necessarily emancipatory in times of famine, and whether legal norms have shifted responsibility for hunger away from the political economies and conflicts that cause famine, instead placing blame and shame on the families of the most vulnerable.
Newly developed dedicated guide sheath system for selective pancreatobiliary biopsy
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Uchiyama Naomi , Hatada Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

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Hormonal and pheromonal studies on amphibians with special reference to metamorphosis and reproductive behavior
Authors: Kikuyama Sakae , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Toyoda Fumiyo , Kouki Tom , Okada Reiko
Published: May 2023

In this article, we review studies which have been conducted to investigate the hormonal influence on metamorphosis in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus) larvae, in addition to studies conducted on the hormonal and pheromonal control of reproductive behavior in red‐bellied newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster). Metamorphosis was studied with an emphasis on the roles of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH). The release of PRL was shown to be regulated by thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and that of TSH was evidenced to be regulated by corticotropin‐releasing factor. The significance of the fact that the neuropeptide that controls the secretion of TSH is different from those encountered in mammals is discussed in consideration of the observation that the release of TRH, which stimulates the release of PRL, is enhanced when the animals are subjected to a cold temperature. Findings that were made by using melanin‐rich cells of Bufo embryos and larvae, such as the determination of the origin of the adenohypophyseal primordium, identification of the pancreatic chitinase, and involvement of the rostral preoptic recess organ as the hypothalamic inhibitory center of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) secretion, are mentioned in this article. In addition, the involvement of hormones in eliciting courtship behavior in male red‐bellied newts and the discovery of the peptide sex pheromones and hormonal control of their secretion are also discussed in the present article.
Early referral to multidisciplinary specialty centers to optimize outcomes in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Muhlestein Whitney E. , Smith Brandon W. , Chang Kate Wan‐Chu , Justice Denise , Nelson Virginia S. , Brown Susan H. , Yang Lynda J.‐S.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To demonstrate the trajectory of long‐term recovery of upper‐extremity movement and determine optimal timing of evaluation at multidisciplinary specialty centers in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).

Method

All children with conservatively managed NBPP seen at one institution from 2005 to 2020 were considered for inclusion. The cohort was divided according to age at formal evaluation (≤30 or > 30 days). Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder and elbow movements collected at each appointment were compared in local age windows between early and late cohorts. Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing was used to demonstrate the trajectory of recovery for the overall cohort.

Results

More than 13 000 prospectively collected data points for 429 children (220 males, 209 females) were analysed. Elbow flexion improved to nearly full AROM for both groups over the course of the study. Shoulder abduction, forward flexion and external rotation, and forearm supination improved for the entire cohort, although greater absolute improvement, particularly at the shoulder, was seen in the early cohort (age at formal evaluation ≤30 days). AROM for elbow extension remained roughly stable for the early cohort but decreased for the late cohort (age at formal evaluation >30 days). AROM for forearm pronation decreased over time for both cohorts.

Interpretation

Our data demonstrate good long‐term functional recovery for children with conservatively managed NBPP. However, early referral to multispecialty brachial plexus centers may optimize outcomes.

What this paper adds

Many children with conservatively managed neonatal brachial plexus palsy have good long‐term shoulder and elbow outcomes.

Early referral to multidisciplinary clinics may maximize long‐term shoulder and elbow recovery and optimize outcomes.
Sulfatide inhibits fibroblast growth, activation and oxidative stress induced by ectopic insulin
Authors: Roeske‐Nielsen Allan , Månsson Jan‐Eric , Tekin Hasim , Rieneck Klaus , Bendtzen Klaus , Buschard Karsten
Published: May 2023

Aim

To study the effect of sulfatide on gene expression and proliferation of human primary fibroblasts induced by insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and human growth hormone.

Materials and Methods

Human primary fibroblasts were exposed to 1, 3 and 30 μM of sulfatide or its precursor galactosylceramide (GalCer). Proliferation was determined by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and gene expression via microarray analysis.

Results

Sulfatide and GalCer reduced the growth rate of fibroblasts by 32%‐82% when exposed to 0.5 nM insulin. After challenge with 120 μM of H2O2, sulfatide reduced membrane leakage. Fibroblast gene expression was altered by sulfatide in gene pathways associated with cell cycle/growth, transforming growth factor‐β function, and encoding of proteins involved in intracellular signalling. NFKBIA, a key control element in NF‐кB regulation, was decreased 2‐fold by sulfatide.

Conclusions

Sulfatide strongly inhibits fibroblast growth. We therefore suggest the addition of sulfatide to injectable commercial insulin formulations, which would reduce adverse fibroblast growth and improve well‐being in patients with diabetes.
The significance of coefficient of variation as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control in real world users of the automated insulin delivery MiniMed 780G system
Authors: Castañeda Javier , Arrieta Arcelia , van den Heuvel Tim , Cohen Ohad
Published: May 2023

Aim

Use of the MiniMed 780G system (MM780G) can result in a reduction in mean and standard deviation (SD) of sensor glucose (SG) values. We assessed the significance of the coefficient of variation (CV) as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control.

Materials and Methods

Data from 10 404 MM780G users were analysed using multivariable logistic regression to assess the contribution of CV to (a) hypoglycaemia risk, measured as not reaching target <1% for time below range (TBR), and (b) achieving targets of time‐in‐range (TIR) >70% and glucose management indicator <7%. CV was compared with SD and low blood glucose index. To assess the relevance of CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold, we identified the CV cut‐off point that optimally discriminated users at risk of hypoglycaemia.

Results

The contribution of CV was the smallest in terms of risk of hypoglycaemia (vs. low blood glucose index and SD) and TIR and glucose management indicator targets (vs. SD). In all cases the models with SD showed the best fit. A CV <43.4% (95% CI: 42.9–43.9) was the optimal cut‐off point with a correct classification rate of 87.2% (vs. 72.9% for CV <36%).

Conclusion

For MM780G users, CV is a poor marker for hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control. We recommend using, for the former, TBR and whether the TBR target is met (and not using CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold for hypoglycaemia); for the latter, TIR, time above range, whether targets are met and a discrete description of mean SG and SD of SG values.
Biology of fall armyworm – an introduction
Authors: de Lange Elvira S. , Xiao Yutao , Beukeboom Leo W.
Published: May 2023

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a voracious pest of various crops, such as maize, rice, and sugarcane. Originally from the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, it recently spread around the world. As populations can be resistant to pesticides, integrated pest management (IPM) is important, relying on a combination of chemical, physical, and biological control. This special issue of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata includes both fundamental and applied studies on fall armyworm biology, monitoring, and control, setting the stage for the development of effective, sustainable strategies to protect crops against fall armyworm, both in its native range and in areas where it has invaded.
Trauma exposure and disclosure in Hispanic youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: A retrospective review study
Authors: Barans Samuel , Friedman Bess , Lardier David T. , Saavedra Justine L. , Bustillo Juan R. , Halperin Dawn , Lenroot Rhoshel K. , Tohen Mauricio , Winger Sarah , Crisanti Annette S.
Published: May 2023

Aim

This exploratory study aimed to examine differences in rates of self and clinician‐reports of trauma in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and whether rates of reporting differed by ethnicity.

Methods

Self‐reported history of trauma was collected at intake amongst youth at CHR enrolled in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) services (N = 52). A structured chart review was conducted for the same sample to identify clinician‐reported history of trauma throughout treatment in CSC.

Results

For all patients, frequency of self‐reported trauma at intake to CSC (56%) was lower compared to clinician‐reports of trauma throughout treatment (85%). Hispanic patients self‐reported trauma at intake (35%) less frequently than non‐Hispanics (69%) (p = .02). No differences were found in clinician reported exposure to trauma by ethnicity throughout treatment.

Conclusion

Whilst further research is needed, these findings suggest the need for formalised, repeated, and culturally appropriate assessments of trauma within CSC.
Patient‐specific 3D printed models for enhanced learning of immediate implant procedures and provisionalization
Authors: Hu Liqun , Rong Rong , Song Wenjuan , Wu Hongzhao , Jia Shuqing , He Zhixiao , Sa Yue
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to describe the fabrication, implementation and evaluation of 3D‐printed patient‐specific models for unskilled students to enhance learning in immediate implant procedures and provisionalization.

Materials and Methods

The individualized simulation models were designed and processed based on CT and digital intraoral scanning of a patient. Thirty students performed simulation implant surgery and provisionalized the implant sites on the models and answered questionnaires to assess their perceptions before and after the training. The scores of the questionnaires were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Significant differences before and after training were found in the students' responses. Students reported better results in understanding of surgical procedures, knowledge in prosthetically driven implantology, understanding of minimally invasive tooth extraction, confirming the accuracy of surgical template, usage of the guide rings and usage of the surgical cassette after simulation training. The overall expenditure on the simulation training involving 30 students amounted to 342.5 USD.

Conclusions

The patient‐specific and cost‐efficient 3D printed models are helpful for students to improve theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Such individualized simulation models have promising application prospects.
Aerobic and anaerobic burning alter trace metal availability in peat soils: evidence from laboratory experiments
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Guoping , Li Yunhui , Han Dongxue , Cong Jinxin , Gao Chuanyu
Published: May 2023

As global warming becomes more pronounced, climate change and human activities are leading to frequent peat fire incidents. Fire plays an important role in the environmental distribution of trace metals in peat soils. In the current study, we collected peat soils from six peatlands of the Great Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, where wildfires have often occurred in recent decades. To investigate the transformation of trace metals in peat soils by fire, burning experiments at 250°C (light) or 600°C (severe) and under aerobic (AE, flaming) and anaerobic (AN, smouldering) conditions (AE250, AE600, AN250, AN600) were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of different burning intensities on the distribution of Cu, As, Pb, and Cd in peat soils. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method for metal fractions was applied for partitioning four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual). The results showed that AE600 significantly decreased the percentages of oxidizable Cu, As, Cd and Pb (Cuoxi, Asoxi Cdoxi and Pboxi) compared with those of the original samples, e.g., Cuoxi decreased from 68.84% ± 12.76% to 15.82% ± 8.02% in peat under moss, which might result from organic matter decrease. Under AN250 conditions, the exchangeable As (Asexc) and Pb (Pbexc) significantly increased by more than twice. Different burning intensities significantly changed the various fractions of Cu, e.g., more than 20% Cuoxi transferred to exchangeable and reducible fractions as the temperature increased. Most of the available fractions of As transformed to residual As after burning. Our study suggests that the AE600 treatment increased the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu, Pb and Cd in peat soils, while AN250 burning decreased the potential ecotoxicity of Cu, As, and Pb. Compared with lower temperature flaming burning (AE250), the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu and Pb were greater in high temperature (AE600) conditions. Smouldering fires at both temperatures (AN250 and AN600) maintained a high potential ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu and Pb in peat soils.
Long‐term clinical evolution of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness due to severe anoxic brain injury: A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Magliacano Alfonso , De Bellis Francesco , Panico Francesco , Sagliano Laura , Trojano Luigi , Sandroni Claudio , Estraneo Anna
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

The prognosis of prolonged (28 days to 3 months post‐onset) disorders of consciousness (pDoC) due to anoxic brain injury is uncertain. The present study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcome of post‐anoxic pDoC and identify the possible predictive value of demographic and clinical information.

Method

This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The rates of mortality, any improvement in clinical diagnosis, and recovery of full consciousness at least 6 months after severe anoxic brain injury were evaluated. A cross‐sectional approach searched for differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between survivors and non‐survivors, patients improved versus not improved, and patients who recovered full consciousness versus not recovered.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies were identified. The pooled rates of mortality, any clinical improvement and recovery of full consciousness were 26%, 26% and 17%, respectively. Younger age, baseline diagnosis of minimally conscious state versus vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, higher Coma Recovery Scale Revised total score, and earlier admission to intensive rehabilitation units were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of survival and clinical improvement. These same variables, except time of admission to rehabilitation, were also associated with recovery of full consciousness.

Conclusions

Patients with anoxic pDoC might improve over time up to full recovery of consciousness and some clinical characteristics can help predict clinical improvement. These new insights could support clinicians and caregivers in the decision‐making on patient management.
Bidirectional or unidirectional? Longitudinal associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability
Authors: Li Qingyin , Xun Mengyu , Chen Ziyuan , Li Yinglan , Zhao Cui , Ju Xiaoyan , Lan Jing , Fang Xiaoyi
Published: May 2023

Based on three annual waves of data from 268 Chinese newlyweds (Mage = 29.59, SD = 3.25 for husbands; Mage = 28.08, SD = 2.51 for wives), the present study examined the bidirectional associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability by using a three‐wave, cross‐lagged approach. Results indicated bidirectional associations between external stressors and marital instability, and a unidirectional association linking marital instability to perceived spousal support. Additionally, external stressors at Wave 2 mediated the association between external stressors at Wave 1 and marital instability at Wave 3. Taken together, the present study contributes to an emerging body of research aimed at clarifying: (a) the directionality of the associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability; (b) how external stressors cumulatively affect the development of marital instability. Our study extends the Vulnerability‐Stress‐Adaptation (VSA) model and has developmental implications for promoting marital relationships in non‐Western couples.
Multipath ecological influence of an iteroparous fish migration from Lake Biwa to an alluvial stream
Authors: Kurasawa Akira , Onishi Yuji , Koba Keisuke , Fukushima Keitaro , Uno Hiromi
Published: May 2023

An increasing number of studies describe the ecological influence of semelparous and iteroparous fish migrations on spawning streams. This influence consists of not only the carcasses of spent adults, but also the nutrients that they excrete subsidising stream communities. Given the complex food‐web structure of stream communities, which includes aquatic insects from various functional feeding groups, resource subsidies provided by migratory fishes should influence stream communities through multiple pathways.

We evaluated the ecological influence of an iteroparous three‐lips fish (Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris) in a alluvial stream by treating fish weirs as large‐scale manipulative field experiments. Between fish‐bearing and fish‐free areas, we compared concentrations of nutrients and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), and compared densities and stable isotopes of periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates.

The presence of the three‐lips increased the concentrations of ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and chlorophyll‐a densities by up to 2.7‐fold. The δ15N of FPOM and macroinvertebrates during the migratory season were 2.8–7.0‰ higher in the fish‐bearing area, indicating a greater contribution of fish‐derived organic matter.

Three‐lips subsidised stream macroinvertebrates through multiple pathways: consumers fed on (1) periphyton increased by the fish nutrient subsidy, (2) fish‐derived organic matter (such as fish carcasses and eggs), and (3) FPOM with fragmented periphyton and fish‐derived organic matter constituents.

Results showed that, given the complex food‐web structures in alluvial streams, migratory fish influence stream ecosystems in complex ways. Further studies of the ecological influence of migratory fishes in alluvial streams are needed.
Where can managers effectively resist climate‐driven ecological transformation in pinyon–juniper woodlands of the US Southwest?
Authors: Noel Adam R. , Shriver Robert K. , Crausbay Shelley D. , Bradford John B.
Published: May 2023

Pinyon–juniper (PJ) woodlands are an important component of dryland ecosystems across the US West and are potentially susceptible to ecological transformation. However, predicting woodland futures is complicated by species‐specific strategies for persisting and reproducing under drought conditions, uncertainty in future climate, and limitations to inferring demographic rates from forest inventory data. Here, we leverage new demographic models to quantify how climate change is expected to alter population demographics in five PJ tree species in the US West and place our results in the context of a climate adaptation framework to resist, accept, or direct ecological transformation. Two of five study species, Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma, are projected to experience population declines, driven by both rising mortality and decreasing recruitment rates. These declines are reasonably consistent across various climate futures, and the magnitude of uncertainty in population growth due to future climate is less than uncertainty due to how demographic rates will respond to changing climate. We assess the effectiveness of management to reduce tree density and mitigate competition, and use the results to classify southwest woodlands into areas where transformation is (a) unlikely and can be passively resisted, (b) likely but may be resisted by active management, and (c) likely unavoidable, requiring managers to accept or direct the trajectory. Population declines are projected to promote ecological transformation in the warmer and drier PJ communities of the southwest, encompassing 37.1%–81.1% of our sites, depending on future climate scenarios. Less than 20% of sites expected to transform away from PJ have potential to retain existing tree composition by density reduction. Our results inform where this adaptation strategy could successfully resist ecological transformation in coming decades and allow for a portfolio design approach across the geographic range of PJ woodlands.
Macronutrients intake and physical frailty in Korean older adults: A cohort‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Narae , Lee Yunhwan , Kim Mi Kyung , Kim Kirang
Published: May 2023

Aim

To investigate the relationship of energy and macronutrients with physical frailty in Korean older individuals who had a high proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates.

Methods

This study included 954 adults aged 70 to 84 years and used baseline data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) collected in 2016. The relationship between energy or macronutrients and frailty was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models and multivariable nutrient density models.

Results

A high carbohydrate intake was related to a higher prevalence of frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–3.93). In the participants who had low energy intake, replacement of 10% energy from fats with isocaloric carbohydrates was related to a higher prevalence of frailty (10%, OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.03–2.43). Regarding proteins, we found no evidence for a relationship between the replacement of the energy of carbohydrates or fats with isocaloric protein and the prevalence of frailty in older adults.

Conclusions

This study showed that the optimal proportion of energy intake from macronutrients may be an important nutritional intervention factor for reducing the risk of frailty among people who are likely to have low energy intake. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 478–485.
Plant community characteristics, soil nutrients and their interactions in artificial grassland with different establishment years in the Three Rivers Headwater Region
Authors: She Yan‐di , Zhou Hua‐kun , Zhang Zhong‐hua , Qin Rui‐min , Chang Tao , Su Hong‐ye , Wei Jing‐jing , Li Hong‐lin , Ma Li
Published: May 2023

Clarifying the relationship between plant and soil characteristics under different establishment years of artificial grassland can improve the adaptive management ability of alpine grassland, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of alpine grassland ecosystems. This study used field quadrat surveys and indoor analyses to determine the plant community and soil nutrient characteristics of artificial grasslands with different establishment years and analyzed the characteristic differences and internal relations under different establishment years combined with correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The results showed that the vegetation coverage decreased significantly (p < .05) after the establishment of 5 years, the biomass of artificial grassland decreased with the increase in establishment years and the species diversity index showed a “V‐shaped” change. With the increase in establishment years, the total nutrients of the artificial grassland increased, and the available nutrients decreased. The results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that soil nutrients in the 0–30 cm soil layer were intrinsically correlated with biomass and soil pH, soil water content and soil bulk density were significantly correlated with plant community changes during the establishment of artificial grassland. This study will help to clarify the changes in plant and soil characteristics of artificial grassland with different establishment years and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for restoring degraded alpine grassland.
Muslim feminists and entrepreneurship at times and in contexts of crises
Authors: Tlaiss Hayfaa A. , McAdam Maura
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the coping strategies utilized by Muslim women entrepreneurs in the country‐specific context of crises‐laden Lebanon. In so doing, we capitalize on a qualitative interpretative methodology, drawing upon in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. We present empirical evidence detailing how women entrepreneurs utilize Muslim feminism and various Islamic practices and values as means of coping with crises situations and contexts. We also provide insights into how the doing of gender unfolds as a coping strategy enabled by Muslim feminism in the advent of adversities. Hence, we underscore the importance of approaching religion as a social construct which is performed, as opposed to treating religion as something located outside the spheres of gender and economics.
Social support services for dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey exploring service adaptations in the United Kingdom
Authors: Caprioli Thaïs , Giebel Clarissa , Reilly Siobhan , Tetlow Hilary , Limbert Stan , Lloyd‐Williams Mari
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To understand how the delivery of dementia‐related social support services across the UK adapted during the pandemic.

Methods

We devised a two‐part online and telephone longitudinal survey. Providers participated between March and June 2021, and again 3 months later. Information relating to services delivered and delivery methods employed was collected before and during the pandemic at two timepoints (T1 and T2).

Results

A total of 75 participants completed the survey at T1, with 58 participants completing the survey at both timepoints. Thirty‐six participants had complete data at T1. Day care centres and support groups were the most delivered primary services. During the pandemic, services shifted from in‐person to remote or hybrid. While in‐person services started to resume at T2, most services remained hybrid. At T2, the frequency of service delivery increased, however, a decreasing trend in usage was observed across survey timepoints. The telephone was the most employed format to deliver remote and hybrid services, however, reliance on videoconferencing software significantly increased at T1. Videoconferencing software was often used alongside the telephone and emails to remotely deliver services.

Conclusions

Services were able to adapt and provide support to some service recipients. Complementing novel approaches to service delivery with more traditional formats may facilitate access to service recipients with limited digital literacy. Following the easing of public health measures, many service recipients may be reluctant to engage with in‐person services. Thus, the provision of in‐person and remote services needs to be carefully balanced amidst the current hybrid landscape.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two public advisors (a former unpaid carer and a person living with dementia) were involved in designing and piloting the tool, interpreting the results and disseminating the findings. Both public advisors have experience in delivering dementia‐related social support services before and or during the pandemic in the United Kingdom.