bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of live‐fire energetic residues from insensitive mortar munitions using command‐detonation testing
Authors: Beal Samuel A. , Bigl Matthew F. , Ramsey Charles A. , Kadoya Warren M. , Gelvin Art , Liddle Broberg Kate
Published: November 2023

Command (i. e., static) detonation is critical for testing munitions early in the acquisition process, however its representation of energetic residues produced during live fire has not yet been assessed. Here we measured energetic residue deposition rates on snow from live fire of 60 mm and 81 mm IMX‐104 mortar munitions and then compared results with previous command‐detonation tests of the same munitions. Mean live‐fire deposition rates of IMX‐104 compounds were: 3800 mg NTO, 34 mg DNAN, 12 mg RDX, and 1.9 mg HMX per 60 mm cartridge (n=9); and 8000 mg NTO, 60 mg DNAN, 20 mg RDX, and 2 mg HMX per 81 mm cartridge (n=13). The predominant residue compound NTO was accurately estimated by command detonation for the 60 mm munition (p=0.92) but was significantly underestimated for the 81 mm munition (p<0.0001). The minor residues of DNAN and RDX were relatively well estimated by command detonation for the 81 mm munition (p=0.07 and p=0.014, respectively), but both were significantly underestimated (p<0.0001) for the 60 mm munition. Despite some of these differences, the ability demonstrated here for command detonation to predict live‐fire residue deposition rates to the correct order‐of‐magnitude supports its utility in assessing environmental impact.
Study of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ag/CdTe Composites
Authors: Wang Hecong , Ding Chang , Zhang Lu , Li Xinying , Sun Wenjun , Zhao Li
Published: November 2023

CdTe films, Ag nanoparticles, and Ag/CdTe composites are successfully fabricated on substrates by means of the physical vapor deposition process. The morphological structure, crystal growth and bandgap of the samples are specifically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Picosecond (ps) Z‐scan technology is used to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the composites under 532 nm. The results indicate that all samples exhibit saturated absorption nonlinear absorption properties and self‐dispersion nonlinear refraction properties. In addition, Ag nanoparticles can improve the NLO properties of Ag/CdTe composites, and this improvement is more obvious with the increase of Ag power. The results show that the excellent properties of the Ag/CdTe composites are expected to make them an ideal material for use in the photoelectric field.
Effect of Dopants on Σ3 (111) Grain Boundary in Diamond
Authors: Pooja  , Mucherla Raghasudha , Pawar Ravinder
Published: November 2023

Extensive research has been conducted on electronic properties of metal‐doped diamond for electrochemical applications. The codoped diamond has emerged as an important strategy to enhance their performance and impart novel characteristics. In the present investigation, density functional theory calculations are used to envisage the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of nitrogen‐vacancy (N‐V) and silicon‐vacancy (Si‐V) defects at the Σ3 (111) grain boundary (GB) in diamond. Further, the Li and Na atoms are introduced as a dopant into these defective structures, referred as Σ3Li(N‐V), Σ3Na(N‐V), Σ3Li(Si‐V), and Σ3Na(Si‐V). The results reveal that the doped structures considered in the investigation are energetically and dynamically stable. The presence of defects (i.e., dangling bonds due to the presence of vacancies and dopants) at the Σ3 (111) GB significantly alters the overall electronic property of the diamond. The adsorption energies calculated for the doped systems range from −1.2 and 8.38 eV. The Σ3Li(N‐V) shows negative adsorption energy, indicating the tendency of lithium atom to adsorb exothermic onto the GB of Σ3N‐V, whereas, other adsorptions are endothermic in nature. The choice of dopant plays a substantial role in altering the properties of diamond, while the mechanical properties of the investigated Σ3 (111) diamond structures vary marginally.
Conditional power and information fraction calculations at an interim analysis for random coefficient models
Authors: Lewis Sandra A. , Carroll Kevin J. , DeVries Todd , Barratt Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Random coefficient (RC) models are commonly used in clinical trials to estimate the rate of change over time in longitudinal data. Trials utilizing a surrogate endpoint for accelerated approval with a confirmatory longitudinal endpoint to show clinical benefit is a strategy implemented across various therapeutic areas, including immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Understanding conditional power (CP) and information fraction calculations of RC models may help in the design of clinical trials as well as provide support for the confirmatory endpoint at the time of accelerated approval. This paper provides calculation methods, with practical examples, for determining CP at an interim analysis for a RC model with longitudinal data, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessments to measure rate of change in eGFR slope.
Drug co‐administration in anesthesia using event‐based MPC
Authors: Pawłowski Andrzej , Schiavo Michele , Latronico Nicola , Paltenghi Massimiliano , Visioli Antonio
Published: November 2023

In this article, a predictive event‐based control architecture for multivariable drug infusion in the anesthesia process is presented. The control scheme considers a multiple‐input single‐output process, where the depth of hypnosis is the controlled variable and the infusion rates of propofol and remifentanil, which are co‐administered by imposing a fixed ratio between them, are the control variables. The control system is built on the top of a nonlinear pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for drug co‐administration that reflects the super‐additive effect of both drugs on the bispectral index scale (BIS), which is a measure of the hypnotic state of the patient. Further, in order to compensate the nonlinear behavior of the system, it exploits an external predictor that is designed to increase the robustness to inter‐/intra‐patient variability. The overall controller parameters are tuned by applying an optimization method on a representative set of virtual patients. The main feature of the proposed control algorithm consists in its asynchronous execution, which can be beneficial in reducing control signal changes due to the noisy measurements of the BIS. The evaluation of the analyzed control architecture through a simulation study reveals that control action variations can be reduced by about 48% on average with respect to its time‐based counterpart. This reduction is obtained at the expense of a lower control accuracy, resulting in a degradation of 18% in terms of integrated absolute error. Results are acceptable from a clinical practice perspective proving that the proposed approach is a feasible alternative to classical time‐based predictive controllers.
Visualizing Fingerprints on Porous Objects by an Optical Sensor Minimally Destructive to DNA Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Liang Muwen , Hu Wei , Zhao Yabin , Luo Yaping
Published: November 2023

Development of latent fingerprints (LFPs) at the scene played the important role in forensic investigations by reconstructing crime trajectory and individualizing suspect. In this work, the optical sensor named TPE‐LL with aggregation‐induced emission property was constructed and used in LFPs visualization. The sensor exhibited a satisfactory linear relationship to tryptophan (Trp) in the range of 1–20 nM with the low detection limit of 0.15 nM. The samples were collected from 60 volunteers, with a total of 7200 impressed samples and 160 natural samples. Significantly, the high‐resolution fingerprints images with high fidelity and contrast containing pore features were obtained from impressed samples left on porous object for 15 days. Meanwhile, the relative complete STR typing profiles of deposited DNA were obtained and the identification rate of DNA after the develop process was 76.5 %, suggesting that the method was low destructive to DNA. The results indicated that the sensor provided promising perspectives on solving the current technical problems in the field of forensic science and technology
Biomineralization and mechanical studies of sodium substituted hydroxyapatite by a time‐saving combustion route
Authors: Joseph Sherlin , Genasan Krishnamurithy , Anjaneyalu U. , Livingston Abel , Samuel Sumant , Sasikumar S.
Published: November 2023

The poor biomechanical properties of hydroxyapatite are the major demerits that limit its application in bone tissue engineering to repair critical bone defects. The current study aims to prepare sodium‐substituted Hap samples by using a time‐saving combustion route. Both 5 %Na‐Hap and 10 %Na‐Hap scaffolds together with Hap was analysed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDAX for characterization. Moreover, the influence of sodium substitution on biomineralization, mechanical stability and MG63 cell cytotoxicity was also studied. XRD pattern shows up to 10 mol% of sodium was substituted in the Hap powder without any collapse in its crystal structure. The structural morphology of the Na‐Hap powder was studied using SEM/EDAX. After immersion of Pellets in SBF, the compressive strengths of 5 % Na‐ Hap and 10 % Na‐ Hap were found to be 116 MPa and 98 MPa after the day 9, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of pure Hap, 5 % Na‐Hap & 10 % Na‐Hap was 59.6, 41.9 and 37.7 μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical stability and apatite deposition properties of sodium substituted Hap show significant improvement compared to Pure Hap, and by comparing two different concentrations of sodium substituted Hap, 5 % Na‐Hap shows better apatite deposition and mechanical strength compared to 10 % Na‐Hap.
Highlighting the Underrated Side of the High Profile Nitroso Entity as a Nucleophile
Authors: Pairas George N. , Tsoungas Petros G.
Published: November 2023

The Nitroso entity, in its long history, has seen diverse applications in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine. In numerous chemical reactions it has been considered mainly as an electrophile. Its less radiant side, that of a nucleophile, has attracted limited attention. Discernible cases of its nucleophilic character and its potential are highlighted herein.
Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Organic Semiconducting Materials from the Reaction of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Mathur Chandani , Gupta Raakhi , Bansal Raj K. , Swami Sonia , Sheoran Ankita , Salunke Deepak B.
Published: November 2023

Organic donor‐acceptor (DA) complexes have emerged in recent years as materials of choice for organic binary electronics. The reactivity descriptors derived from the conceptual DFT reveal imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines as potential donors. Thus, four imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines were reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in 1 : 2 molar ratio to afford four new DA complexes. The spectral studies, namely IR, 1H, 13C, DEPT 135, 2D HMQC NMR, and HRMS were used to establish structures of the products. The UV‐vis. spectroscopy reveals intramolecular charge transfer. All the four compounds fluoresce giving excitation emission fluorescence spectra with a red shift ranging from 64 to 151 nm and quantum yields from 0.004 to 16.35. Unexpectedly, nitro group in one of the products does not act as quencher; instead, it enhances the quantum yield to make it highest in this series. The products exhibit electrical conductivity which increases with temperature. The FESEM and HRTEM images reveal distinct and homogenous surface morphology with holes which facilitate flow of electrons as manifested by electrical conductivity. The powder XRD and SAED results establish the polycrystalline nature of the products. The theoretical studies indicate an alternate donor acceptor stacking pattern.
Molecular‐Level Insight into Impact of Additives on Film Formation and Molecular Packing in Y6‐based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Mei Le , Xia Xinxin , Sun Rui , Pan Yuyu , Min Jie , Lu Xinhui , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chen Xian‐Kai
Published: November 2023

Additive engineering is widely utilized to optimize film morphology in active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the role of additive in film formation and adjustment of film morphology remains unclear at the molecular level. Here, taking high‐efficiency Y6‐based OSC films as an example, this work thus employs all‐atom molecular‐dynamics simulations to investigate how introduction of additives with different π‐conjugation degree thermodynamically and dynamically impacts nanoscale molecular packings. These results demonstrate that the van der Waals (vdW) interactions of the Y6 end groups with the studied additives are strongest. The larger the π‐conjugation degree of the additive molecules, the stronger the vdW interactions between additive and Y6 molecules. Due to such vdW interactions, the π‐conjugated additive molecules insert into the neighboring Y6 molecules, thus opening more space for relaxation of Y6 molecules to trigger more ordered packing. Increasing the interactions between the Y6 end groups and the additive molecules not only accelerates formation of the Y6 ordered packing, but also induces shorter Y6‐intermolecular distances. This work reveals the fundamental molecular‐level mechanism behind film formation and adjustment of film morphology via additive engineering, providing an insight into molecular design of additives toward optimizing morphologies of organic semiconductor films.
Fabrication of Ultrafine Cu2O Nanoparticles on W18O49 Ultra‐Thin Nanowires by In‐Situ Reduction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Cui Donghui , Wang Shiyu , Yang Xue , Xu Lin , Li Fengyan
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis technology is one of the important methods to achieve green ammonia synthesis. Herein, two samples of Cu ion‐doped W18O49 with different morphologies, ultra‐thin nanowires (Cu‐W18O49‐x UTNW) and sea urchin‐like microspheres (Cu‐W18O49‐x SUMS), are synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. Subsequently, Cu2O‐W18O49‐x UTNW/SUMS is synthesized by in situ reduction, where the NH3 production rate of Cu2O‐W18O49‐30 UTNW is 252.4 µmol g−1 h−1 without sacrificial reagents, which is 11.8 times higher than that of the pristine W18O49 UTNW. The Cu2O‐W18O49‐30 UTNW sample is rich in oxygen vacancies, which promotes the chemisorption and activation of N2 molecules and makes the N≡N bond easier to dissociate by proton coupling. In addition, the in situ reduction‐generated Cu2O nanoparticles exhibit ideal S‐scheme heterojunctions with W18O49 UTNW, which enhances the internal electric field strength and improves the separation and transfer efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. Therefore, this study provides a new idea for the design of efficient nitrogen fixation photocatalysis.
Fluorescent Conversion Agent Embedded in Zinc Oxide as an Electron‐Transporting Layer for High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with Improved Photostability
Authors: Chen Jinxiang , Zhang Guichuan , Chen Zhen , Xiao Jingyang , Xia Tian , Li Xin , Yip Hin‐Lap
Published: November 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used as an electron transporting layer (ETL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a low‐cost commercial water/alcohol‐soluble fluorescent conversion agent, sodium 2,2′‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]−4,4′‐diyldivinylene)‐bis(benzenesulfonate) (CBS), is incorporated into ZnO to develop a novel organic‐inorganic hybrid ETL for high‐performance OSCs. The photoinduced charge transfer from CBS to ZnO significantly improves the charge transport properties of ZnO, resulting in faster electron extraction and reduced charge recombination in OSC devices with ZnO:CBS ETLs. ZnO:CBS‐based devices exhibit higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than their pure ZnO‐based counterparts, especially in devices with a thicker ETL, which is more suitable for roll‐to‐roll and large‐area module processing. Furthermore, the strong ultraviolet‐light absorption capability of CBS inhibits the photodegradation of the active layer, improving the photostability of ZnO:CBS based OSC devices. Therefore, this work provides a simple and effective strategy for realizing high‐performance OSCs with high PCE and good photostability, which can further facilitate the commercialization of OSCs.
Assembling 99% MOFs into Bioinspired Rigid‐Flexible Coupled Membrane with Significant Permeability: The Impacts of Defects
Authors: Fei Lingya , Shen Liguo , Chen Cheng , Xu Jiujing , Wang Boya , Li Bisheng , Lin Hongjun
Published: November 2023

Assembling metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) into high‐performance macroscopic membranes is crucial but still challenging. MOF‐containing hybrid membranes can effectively integrate the advantages of flexible guest materials and MOFs. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations in fully harnessing the distinct characteristics of MOFs persist due to the substantial guest material content necessitated in membrane fabrication. Herein, inspired by the rigid and flexible structures in biological systems, rigid MIP‐202(Zr) and defective MIP‐202(Zr) (D‐MIP‐202(Zr)) modified flexible graphene oxide (GO) sheets are synthesized in situ and then assembled into a rigid‐flexible coupled MOF‐based membrane. The defects in D‐MIP‐202(Zr) are introduced by using acetic acid as the modulation agent. The obtained GO@MIP‐202(Zr) membrane possesses a hierarchical porous structure with a 99 wt% MOF proportion, which is higher than the GO@D‐MIP‐202(Zr) (75 wt%) membrane with a compact bulge‐structured surface. The water permeability of the GO@MIP‐202(Zr) membrane attains remarkedly 5762.92 L h−1 m−2 bar−1, which is 960 and 2.6 times higher than that of the GO membrane and GO@D‐MIP‐202(Zr) membrane. Additionally, benefiting from the superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, the resultant membrane not only demonstrates high rejection for oil‐water emulsions but also exhibits exceptional recyclability and anti‐fouling ability. These findings provide valuable insights into the assembly of MOFs into high‐performance membranes.
Al8 Cluster‐Based Metal Halide Frameworks: Balancing Singlet−Triplet Excited States to Achieve White Light and Multicolor Luminescence
Authors: Lv Wei , Ma Yu‐Juan , Wang A‐Ni , Mu Ying , Niu Shu‐Wen , Wei Li , Dong Wen‐Long , Ding Xue‐Yao , Qiang Yu‐Bin , Li Xiao‐Yu , Wang Guo‐Ming
Published: November 2023

Luminescent metal clusters have attracted great interest in current research; however, the design synthesis of Al clusters with color‐tunable luminescence remains challenging. Herein, an [Al8(OH)8(NA)16] (Al8, HNA = nicotinic acid) molecular cluster with dual luminescence properties of fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is synthesized by choosing HNA ligand as phosphor. Its prompt photoluminescence (PL) spectrum exhibits approximately white light emission at room temperature. Considering that halogen atoms can be used to regulate the RTP property by balancing the singlet and triplet excitons, different CdX2 (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−) are introduced into the reactive system of the Al8 cluster, and three new Al8 cluster‐based metal‐organic frameworks, {[Al8Cd3Cl5(OH)8(NA)17H2O]·2HNA}n (CdCl2‐Al8), {[Al8Cd4Br7(OH)8(NA)16CH3CN]·NA·HNA}n (CdBr2‐Al8) and {[Al8Cd8I16(OH)8(NA)16]}n (CdI2‐Al8) are successfully obtained. They realize the color tunability from blue to yellow at room temperature. The origination of fluorescence and phosphorescence has also been illustrated by structure‐property analysis and theoretical calculation. This work provides new insights into the design of multicolor luminescent metal cluster‐based materials and develops advanced photo‐functional materials for multicolor display, anti‐counterfeiting, and encryption applications.
Effect of Si on δ‐Ferrite/γ‐Austenite Transformation and M23C6 Precipitation During Solidification of X10CrAlSi18 Ferritic Heat‐Resistant Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Li Dongjun , Guan Linting , Cao Lida , Wang Weinan
Published: November 2023

Herein, the δ‐ferrite/γ‐austenite transformation and the precipitation behavior of M23C6 carbides in X10CrAlSi18 ferritic heat‐resistant stainless steel (FHSS) with various Si contents at a cooling rate of 100 °C min−1 using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) are investigated. The findings reveal that γ‐austenite preferentially forms along the δ‐ferrite phase boundaries, and it progressively precipitates into the δ‐ferrite phase as the temperature decreases. The increase in the Si content reduces the δ‐ferrite/γ‐austenite transformation temperature. It also inhibits the martensite transformation in the subsequent cooling process, decreasing the volume fraction of γ‐austenite/martensite. M23C6 carbides are mostly found at the δ‐ferrite and γ‐austenite/martensite phase boundaries. Meanwhile, the nucleation of M23C6 carbides becomes more difficult as the volume fraction of γ‐austenite/martensite decreases. Furthermore, the complex solidification mechanism of the nucleus is addressed.
Occurrence, fate, and ecological risk assessment of bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl‐phthalate in collection systems and the wastewater treatment plant of the urban area
Authors: Puri Mehak , Gandhi Kavita , Kashyap Sanjay M. , Kumar M. Suresh
Published: November 2023

In the present work, wastewater treatment plants and collection systems from Nagpur, Central India were studied for frequently occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals. All the EDCs, such as bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate were present in all the collected samples with a detection frequency of 100%. Laboratory analysis revealed high bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate levels, with mean concentrations of 79.10, 4.12, and 2.25 μg/L, respectively, in influent samples and 33.20, 1.62, and 0.77 μg/L, respectively, in the effluent wastewater. The distribution of the emergent pollutants among the sampling locations was found to be consistent with the physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, according to the component analysis, and the sites with the highest levels of contamination were also identified. Finally, an ecological risk assessment was carried out for aquatic biota in terms of risk quotients. The risk quotients for the target chemicals in effluent wastewater suggested a minimal impact, except for the target insect Chrironomus riparius, which had a risk quotient value of 33.20 for bisphenol A.
Bringing Order to the Literacy Development of Black Boys in the Elementary Grades
Authors: Tatum Alfred W.
Published: November 2023

Discussions and practices focused on Black boys' literacy development and equity in U.S. classrooms require serious thought and interrogation if the aim is to move these boys toward advanced levels of reading, writing, intellectual development, and human development. Sorely, Black boys have become subjects of educational, programming, and policy experimentation endorsed by school boards that lead to instructional and curricular shortcomings in elementary classrooms. In this article, I call for a need to bring order to the literacy development of Black boys in the elementary grades by focusing on advanced literacy outcomes and the intellectual tradition. Order is needed to counter the random nature of literacy development that results in chaos and disorder as evidenced by reading outcomes and many Black boys, both high‐academically performing and low‐academically performing, being underserved in U.S. classrooms.
Rationalizing a prospective coupling effect of cannabinoids with the current pharmacotherapy for melanoma treatment
Authors: Bachari Ava , Nassar Nazim , Schanknecht Ellen , Telukutla Srinivasareddy , Piva Terrence Jerald , Mantri Nitin
Published: November 2023

Melanoma is one of the leading fatal forms of cancer, yet from a treatment perspective, we have minimal control over its reoccurrence and resistance to current pharmacotherapies. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has recently been accepted as a multifaceted homeostatic regulator, influencing various physiological processes across different biological compartments, including the skin. This review presents an overview of the pathophysiology of melanoma, current pharmacotherapy used for treatment, and the challenges associated with the different pharmacological approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the utility of cannabinoids as an additive remedy for melanoma by restoring the balance between downregulated immunomodulatory pathways and elevated inflammatory cytokines during chronic skin conditions as one of the suggested critical approaches in treating this immunogenic tumor.

This article is categorized under:

Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
On the exact controllability of a Galerkin scheme for 3D viscoelastic fluids with fractional Laplacian viscosity and anisotropic filtering
Authors: Bisconti Luca , Catania Davide
Published: November 2023

We study a mathematical model describing 3D viscoelastic fluids with memory, fractional viscosity, and regularized by means of a horizontal anisotropic filter. This regularization is obtained through the action of the inverse of the horizontal Helmholtz operator, and the system is considered in a fully periodic space‐domain Ω. After introducing a controlled version of such a model, we take into account for it a suitable Galerkin approximation scheme. Exploiting the Hilbert uniqueness method, we establish the exact controllability of the finite‐dimensional Galerkin system.
Integrability of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supersymmetric Ruijsenaars-Schneider three-body system
Authors: Galajinsky Anton
Published: November 2023

Abstract

An $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric extension of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider three-body model is constructed and its integrability is established. In particular, three functionally independent Grassmann-odd constants of the motion are given and their algebraic resolvability is proven. The supersymmetric generalization is used to build a novel integrable isospin extension of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider three-body system.
Indikative Präventionsprogramme zur Förderung der seelischen Gesundheit im Vor- und Grundschulalter: Teilnahmebereitschaft von Kinderärzt*innen und Familien an einer innovativen Versorgungskette
Authors: Weniger Max , Beesdo-Baum Katja , Ernst Julia , Siegmund Cornelia Beate , Porst Patricia Theresa , McDonald Maria , Roessner Veit , Knappe Susanne
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Psychische Auffälligkeiten beginnen häufig im Kindesalter und können in psychische Störungen münden. Vorhandene Präventionsangebote werden trotz Wirksamkeit nur spärlich in Anspruch genommen. Ziel war zu prüfen, inwiefern durch die Etablierung einer Versorgungskette Risikokinder frühzeitig identifiziert und Präventionsmaßnahmen zugewiesen werden können, sowie inwieweit indikative Präventionsprogramme schlussendlich in Anspruch genommen werden.

Methoden

In einer prospektiven Implementationsstudie wurde während der regulären U9- bis U11-Gesundheitsuntersuchungen (Altersbereich: 5–10 Jahre) der „Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire“ als Screeninginstrument an Familien ausgegeben. Diese erhielten von ihren Kinderärzt*innen unmittelbar eine Ergebnisrückmeldung und im Falle von grenzwertig auffälligen emotionalen oder Verhaltensproblemen eine Empfehlung für ein indikatives Präventionsprogramm. Vor Programmteilnahme fand im Vorgespräch eine Indikationsprüfung statt.

Ergebnisse

Im Raum Dresden beteiligten sichn = 46 (38,7 %) Kinderärzt*innen am Projekt. Inn = 28 Kinderarztpraxen nahmenn = 3231 (86,4 %) Familien am Screening teil,n = 864 (26,7 %) Kinder, deren Familien eine Ergebnisrückmeldung erhielten, bekamen eine Präventionsempfehlung. Zur Präventionsprogrammteilnahme meldeten sichn = 118/864 (13,7 %) Familien selbstständig.n = 215/624 (35,5 %) zeigten Interesse nach projektinitiierter Kontaktaufnahme. Über andere Zugangswege kamenn = 139 Teilnahmeanfragen.n = 337(n = 461; über alle Zugangswege)Vorgespräche wurden geführt. Schließlich nahmenn = 237(n = 337)Kinder ein indikatives Präventionsprogramm in Anspruch.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine Ausweitung der Vorsorgeuntersuchung auf psychische Auffälligkeiten ist umsetzbar, nützlich und erfährt breite Akzeptanz. Um eine Versorgungskette einzurichten, sollte eine Angebotsstruktur etabliert werden, um damit die Zuweisung zu und Inanspruchnahme von Präventionsmaßnahmen zu ermöglichen.
Key aspects of soft tissue management in fracture-related infection: recommendations from an international expert group
Authors: Marais Leonard C. , Hungerer Sven , Eckardt Henrik , Zalavras Charalampos , Obremskey William T. , Ramsden Alex , McNally Martin A. , Morgenstern Mario , Metsemakers Willem-Jan ,   the FRI Consensus Group, Obremskey William T. , McNally Martin A. , Atkins Bridget L. , Borens Olivier , Depypere Melissa , Egol Kenneth A. , Fragomen Austin T. , Onsea Jolien , Govaert Geertje A. M. , Kates Stephen L. , Kuehl Richard , Mcfadyen Ian , Fintan Moriarty T. , Raschke Michael , Richards R. Geoff , Sancineto Carlos , Senneville Eric , Trampuz Andrej , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Zimmerli Werner
Published: November 2023

A judicious, well-planned bone and soft tissue debridement remains one of the cornerstones of state-of-the-art treatment of fracture-related infection (FRI). Meticulous surgical excision of all non-viable tissue can, however, lead to the creation of large soft tissue defects. The management of these defects is complex and numerous factors need to be considered when selecting the most appropriate approach. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence with respect to soft tissue management in patients diagnosed with FRI. Specifically we discuss the optimal timing for tissue closure following debridement in cases of FRI, the need for negative microbiological culture results from the surgical site as a prerequisite for definitive wound closure, the optimal type of flap in case of large soft tissue defects caused by FRI and the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in FRI. Finally, recommendations are made with regard to soft tissue management in FRI that should be useful for clinicians in daily clinical practice.

Level of evidenceLevel V.
Thrust in a symmetric masonry arch with frictional joints on spreading supports
Authors: Trentadue Francesco , De Tommasi Domenico , Marasciuolo Nicola , Vitucci Gennaro
Published: November 2023

The effect of a supports settlement in a symmetric masonry arch is studied by modeling the arch as a system of rigid plastic blocks with frictional sliding. It is shown that in a collapse state due to a horizontal settlement the thrust attains its minimum statically admissible value, so extending to the case of frictional sliding a well-known result of standard limit analysis, which considers collapse states only due to the opening of joints. The case of both vertical and horizontal settlements is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the collapse thrust in case of horizontal settlement is a lower bound for the collapse thrust in case of generic settlement. Extensive numerical analyses illustrate the above results.
Harmonization and variation of deadwood density and carbon concentration in different stages of decay of the most important Central European tree species
Authors: Herrmann Steffen , Dunger Steffi , Oehmichen Katja , Stümer Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a major component of the ecosystem carbon (C) balance. The estimation of C storage in CWD is an important element of the German greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting of forests, which is mainly based on the German National Forest Inventory. The deadwood C stock is calculated based on deadwood volume and, according to deadwood density (DD) and carbon concentration (CC) for each decay class (DC). Yet, the data basis of DD and CC per DC for above-ground CWD is still insufficient since there are very few country-specific measurements. Values from literature provide a first approximation for national-level estimates. However, different DC systems often prevent the use of DD and CC of other countries. Therefore, we developed a conversion method for harmonization of these data with the German four-class system. Following this, we conducted a meta-analysis to calculate mean DD and CC values for the main Central European tree species and to assess their variation. Significantly lower DDs were observed with increasing DC, except for beech between DC 3 and 4. Compared to spruce and pine, DD of beech CWD was significantly higher, overall as well as in DC 1 and 2. Species became similar in DD in advanced decay stages. A maximum of 92% of the variation in DD could be explained mainly by DC, CWD type, tree species and their interaction. DD values were mostly higher than current values in GHG reporting. CC increased with increasing DC in spruce and pine and was higher than in beech CWD, where no variation was detected. About 86% of the variation in CC could be explained mainly by DC, tree species and their interactive effect. The default value of 50% employed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change might under- (spruce, pine) and/or overestimate (spruce, pine, beech) the real CC depending on DC by up to 3.4 (pine) and/or 4.2% (beech). Based on our calculated mean DD and CC values, the accuracy of C stock assessment in deadwood as part of the GHG reporting for Germany can be substantially improved.
Preoperative Weight Gain Is Not Related to Lower Postoperative Weight Loss, But to Lower Total Weight Loss up to 3 Years After Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Jacobs Anne , Al Nawas May , Deden Laura N. , Dijksman Lea M. , Boerma Evert-Jan G. , Demirkiran Ahmet , Hazebroek Eric J. , Wiezer M. J. , Derksen Wouter J.M. , Monpellier Valerie M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Weight loss prior to bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) is recommended in most bariatric centers. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to support mandatory preoperative weight loss. In this study, we will evaluate whether weight gain prior to primary BMS is related to lower postoperative weight loss.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. Preoperative weight loss (weight loss from start of program to day of surgery), postoperative weight loss (weight loss from day of surgery to follow-up), and total weight loss (weight loss from start of program to follow-up) were calculated. Five groups were defined based on patients’ preoperative weight change: preoperative weight loss of >5 kg (group I), 3–5 kg (group II), 1–3 kg (group III), preoperative stable weight (group IV), and preoperative weight gain >1 kg (group V). Linear mixed models were used to compare the postoperative weight loss between group V and the other four groups (I–IV).

Results

A total of 1928 patients were included. Mean age was 44 years, 78.6% were female, and preoperative BMI was 43.7 kg/m2. Analysis showed significantly higher postoperative weight loss in group V, compared to all other groups at 12, 24, and 36 months follow-up. Up to three years follow-up, highest total weight loss was observed in group I.

Conclusion

Weight gain before surgery should not be a reason to withhold a bariatric-metabolic operation. However, patients with higher preoperative weight loss have higher total weight loss. Therefore, preoperative weight loss should be encouraged prior to bariatric surgery.

Graphical Abstract
How within-person research can extend marketing knowledge
Authors: Childs Dayle , Lee Nick , Cadogan John W. , Dewsnap Belinda
Published: November 2023

Much existing research in marketing examines theory using between-persons research designs, yet draws implications that are based on within-person causal logics. This mismatch is problematic in developing marketing knowledge, and in impacting marketing practice effectively. The present article discusses the importance of conducting within-person research in marketing, alongside suggesting marketing constructs that could benefit from within-person analyses. We provide details on how to conceptualize within-person theories, and compare them with the more common between-persons approach. Furthermore, a set of important methodological considerations and recommendations for designing within-person studies is elaborated on, and theoretical and empirical principles are applied to an empirical demonstration. The results show how theories and relationships can sometimes differ across levels, but in other instances can remain consistent. We draw out a set of important implications and directions for future marketing research, and encourage researchers to incorporate within-person approaches into their toolkit of theoretical and empirical methods.
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine
Authors: Song Zhenfeng , Wang Kuang-Wei , Hagar Hsiao-Tien Chien , Chen Hong-Ru , Kuan Chia-Yi , Zhang Kezhong , Kuo Min-Hao
Published: November 2023

Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer’s disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlies neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress-associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. p-Tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson’s disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery.
Openness, Purposiveness, and the Realignment of the EU and the Democratic and Social Constitutional State
Authors: Dani Marco
Published: November 2023

Contrary to predominant European constitutional narratives assuming the alignment between the European Union legal framework and national constitutional orders, this Article points at the current misalignment between the prevailingly purposive European Union institutional order and the prevailingly open character of the Democratic and Social Constitutional State. The evolutionary trajectories leading to the current status quo are examined by distinguishing an age of openness, in which the institutional frameworks of both the European Economic Communities and the Democratic and Social Constitutional State lent themselves to a range of competing legislative renderings, from an age of purposiveness opened by the Treaty of Maastricht, in which a neoliberal policy agenda was gradually entrenched in the Treaties, with the result of undermining the adaptability and inclusiveness of European public law structures. To counter this development, this Article identifies in a drastic deconstitutionalization of the Economic and Monetary Union the key move to favor the realignment of the European Union and the Democratic and Social Constitutional State.
Risky plastics and the limits to consumer responsibilization
Authors: Cherrier Helene
Published: November 2023

This paper highlights the limitations of the use of risk in plastic governance. First, plastic risk categorizations adapt, evolve, and shift, which creates ambiguities and insecurities for consumers about the responsible choices to be made. Second, the risk frame requires consumer agency to mitigate risk, a privilege many cannot afford. Third, the use of risk in plastic governance cedes power to dominant market actors who possess the capacity to blame others and use guilt appeal to alleviate their responsibility. The concluding remarks point to the importance of changing our minds about plastics. The argument is to stop thinking that plastics are flexible and malleable.
Rigidity of Ext and Tor via flat–cotorsion theory
Authors: Christensen Lars Winther , Ferraro Luigi , Thompson Peder
Published: November 2023

Let $\mathfrak{p}$ be a prime ideal in a commutative noetherian ring R and denote by $k(\mathfrak{p})$ the residue field of the local ring $R_\mathfrak{p}$. We prove that if an R-module M satisfies $\operatorname{Ext}_R^{n}(k(\mathfrak{p}),M)=0$ for some $n\geqslant\dim R$, then $\operatorname{Ext}_R^i(k(\mathfrak{p}),M)=0$ holds for all $i \geqslant n$. This improves a result of Christensen, Iyengar and Marley by lowering the bound on n. We also improve existing results on Tor-rigidity. This progress is driven by the existence of minimal semi-flat-cotorsion replacements in the derived category as recently proved by Nakamura and Thompson.
The effect of pressure anisotropy on 3-D MHD stability for low magnetic field LHD equilibria
Authors: Moen T.E. , Suzuki Y. , Proll J.H.E.
Published: November 2023

The magnetohydrodynamic stability of plasmas with an anisotropic pressure component is analysed for a low magnetic field configuration of the large helical device. Magnetic equilibria are calculated by the anisotropic Neumann inverse moments equilibrium code, an extension of the three-dimensional variational moments equilibrium code. A modified version of the bi-Maxwellian is used to model the anisotropic particle velocity distribution. Magnetohydrodynamic stability calculations for the

$n=1$

mode family are carried out by TERPSICHORE, which has been expanded by the Kruskal–Oberman energy principle. For on-axis particle deposition, the growth rate and plasma displacement show that the parallel dominant plasmas are significantly more stable than isotropic or perpendicular dominant plasmas. For off-axis particle deposition, the growth rate and the Mercier criterion in the peripheral region

$\rho =0.9$

, show that low field (LF) deposition perpendicular dominant plasmas are most unstable. For the most realistic off-axis deposition profile, it is found that parallel dominant plasmas are most stable for LF deposition, while perpendicular dominant plasmas are most stable for high field deposition. We conclude that, under low magnetic field conditions in the large helical device, tangential neutral beam injection heating has a stabilising influence on the plasma.
Microstructural abnormalities of white matter in the cingulum bundle of adolescents with major depression and non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Hu Changchun , Jiang Wenhao , Wu Yun , Wang Mei , Lin Jian , Chen Suzhen , Shang Yushan , Xie Jian , Kong Youyong , Yuan Yonggui
Published: November 2023

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence, but the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate microstructural abnormalities in the cingulum bundle associated with NSSI and its clinical characteristics.

Methods

130 individuals completed the study, including 35 healthy controls, 47 MDD patients with NSSI, and 48 MDD patients without NSSI. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) with a region of interest (ROI) analysis to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cingulum bundle across the three groups. receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the ability of the difficulties with emotion regulation (DERS) score and mean FA of the cingulum to differentiate between the groups.

Results

MDD patients with NSSI showed reduced cingulum integrity in the left dorsal cingulum compared to MDD patients without NSSI and healthy controls. The severity of NSSI was negatively associated with cingulum integrity (r = −0.344, p = 0.005). Combining cingulum integrity and DERS scores allowed for successful differentiation between MDD patients with and without NSSI, achieving a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 83%.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the role of the cingulum bundle in the development of NSSI in adolescents with MDD. The findings support a frontolimbic theory of emotion regulation and suggest that cingulum integrity and DERS scores may serve as potential early diagnostic tools for identifying MDD patients with NSSI.
Experiences of age-related declining navigation abilities and impact on use of outdoor environments: a qualitative study of young-old adults with self-reported memory difficulties
Authors: Heward Michelle , Hicks Ben , Hedges Brooke , Gaden Rebecca , Wiener Jan M.
Published: November 2023

Laboratory-based experiments show ageing negatively impacts navigation abilities, yet a paucity of research explores lived experience. This exploratory study examined young-old adults' experiences of declining navigation abilities during 16 semi-structured telephone interviews. Findings reveal: (a) ‘Behavioural drivers’ that underpinned the participants' experiences and actions when engaging with their environments, (b) ‘Avoidance’ and (c) ‘Active’ strategies that were adopted by the participants. Declining cognitive function appeared to have a negative impact on participants' perceived abilities and confidence to navigate unfamiliar outdoor environments, which in turn influenced the strategies they chose to adopt. Future psychosocial interventions should draw on neuropsychological theory to ensure retention of navigation skills and confidence for as long as possible.
Exploring Complexity in Bronze Age Exchange Networks by Revisiting the Bronze Mirrors of Central Asia and China
Authors: O'Sullivan Rebecca , Shao Huiqiu
Published: November 2023

The ever-growing body of research on trans-Eurasian exchange during the third–first millennium bce continues to improve understanding of mechanisms that facilitated the movement of objects, materials, ideas, and even people. However, whether bronze mirrors in Central Asia and China represent the exchange of technological knowledge or movement of the objects themselves remains unresolved, as researchers require extensive knowledge of huge quantities of data generated during the Soviet Central Asia campaigns of the mid twentieth century. The often confusing, impenetrable excavation reports, combined with required knowledge of Chinese, Russian and English, have caused much confusion about dates and contexts. This article presents and compares data published in Russian and Chinese reports. By clarifying the chronology for mirrors in Central Asia and China, we challenge simplistic theories of object diffusion and spread that persist in studies of trans-Eurasian exchange. We argue that the early second-millennium bce appearance of mirrors in western and northwestern China resulted from different exchange mechanisms specific to each local socio-cultural context. This demonstrates not only the complexity of interactions at the group and individual levels, but also how these factors can be integrated with data-driven analyses to explore the role they played in large-scale Bronze Age exchange networks.