bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the energy potential of cow dung in microbial fuel cell for micro-power applications in Nigeria
Authors: AGHO Nosa , IKPE Aniekan , SADJERE Godwin , TAMUNO Rogers
Published: October 2018

In this study, three mediatorless chamber microbial fuel cells were built and experiments were carried out using a mixture of cow dung and water. The volume of the mixture in each cell was 5309440mm3 and the ratio of the surface area of aluminum anode electrode to graphite rod cathode electrode was 2:1. The maximum open circuit voltage and current obtained was 0.73V and 10.87mA respectively. Maximum total voltage and current obtained for the period of 28 days under investigation was 14.4V and 168.1mA. The average total voltage and voltage drop during the period under investigation were 14.59V and 0.4V respectively. The average power rating per day produced from the each cell was 143.47mAH. This study has shown that cow dung is a potential substrate for energy generation using a single chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).
Biodiesel production using reactive distillation column: Real time model predictive control in Matlab Simulink
Authors: KARACAN Suleyman
Published: October 2018

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel source that consist of alkyl esters obtained from vegetable oil and animal fats. Biodiesel is typically produced via transesterification, which is the reaction of vegetable oils with a short-chain alcohol to produce alkyl esters and glycerol by using an appropriate catalyst. Reactive distillation is integrated operations that conveniently combine reaction and separation into a single unit. It is an effective alternative to the traditional combination of reactor and separation units especially when involving in reversible reactions, such as vegetable oil transesterification, or consecutive chemical reactions. Biodiesel production process by reactive distillation is a high degree nonlinear structure and multi-input and multi-output system. Because of this state, reactive distillation systems should be controlled. In this study, reboiler heat duty   used as a manipulated variable to control the temperature of the bottom product. Model Predictive Control (MPC) was carried out and control results was satisfactorily obtained.
Simulating ATO Mechanism and EGFR Signaling with Fuzzy Logic and Petri Net
Authors: Shafiekhani S , Poursheykhani A , Rahbar S , Jafari A H
Published: October 2018

Background:Interactions of many key proteins or genes in signalling pathway have been studied qualitatively in the literature, but only little quantitative information is available.Objective: Although much has been done to clarify the biochemistry of transcriptional dynamics in signalling pathway, it remains difficult to find out and predict quantitative responses. The aim of this study is to construct a computational model of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway as one of hallmarks of cancer so as to predict quantitative responses.Methods: Interaction of Arsenic trioxide (ATO) with EGFR signalling pathway factors has been elicited by systematic search in data bases, as ATO is one of the mysterious chemotherapy agents that control EGFR expression in cancer. ATO has dichotomous manner in vivo, dependent on its concentration. According to fuzzy rules based upon qualitative knowledge and Petri Net, we can construct a quantitative model to describe ATO mechanism in EGFR signalling pathway.Results: By Fuzzy Logic models that have the potential to trade with the loss of quantitative information on how different species interact, along with Petri net quantitatively describe the dynamics of EGFR signalling pathway. By this model the dynamic of different factors in EGFR signalling pathway is achieved.Conclusion: The use of Fuzzy Logic and PNs in biological network modelling causes a deeper understanding and comprehensive analysis of the biological networks.
Medical Image Fusion using BEMD and an Efficient Fusion Scheme
Authors: Mozaffarilegha M , Yaghobi Joybari A , Mostaar A
Published: October 2018

Background: Medical image fusion is being widely used for capturing complimentary information from images of different modalities. Combination of useful information presented in medical images is the aim of image fusion techniques, and the fused image will exhibit more information in comparison with source images.Objective: In the current study, a BEMD-based multi-modal medical image fusion technique is utilized. Moreover, Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) was applied to lower BIMFs. The results were compared to six routine methods.Methods: An image fusion technique using bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD), Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) as a local feature selection and HMAX model is presented. BEMD fusion technique can preserve much functional information. In the process of fusion, we adopt the fusion rule of TKEO for lower bi-dimensional intrinsic mode functions (BIMFs) of two images and HMAX visual cortex model as a fusion rule for higher BIMFs, which are verified to be more appropriate for human vision system. Integrating BEMD and this efficient fusion scheme can retain more spatial and functional features of input images.Results: We compared our method with IHS, DWT, LWT, PCA, NSCT and SIST methods. The simulation results and fusion performance show that the presented method is effective in terms of mutual information, quality of fused image (QAB/F), standard deviation, peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity and considerably better results compared to six typical fusion methods.Conclusion: The statistical analyses revealed that our algorithm significantly improved spatial features and diminished the color distortion compared to other fusion techniques. The proposed approach can be used for routine practice. Fusion of functional and morphological medical images is possible before, during and after treatment of tumors in different organs. Image fusion can enable interventional events and can be further assessed.
Marx und die gegenwärtige Akkumulationskrise: Überlegungen zur Theorie der Profitratenentwicklung
Authors: Rohwer Götz , Künzel Rainer , Ipsen Dirk
Published: October 2018

Marx und die gegenwärtige Akkumulationskrise: Überlegungen zur Theorie der Profitratenentwicklung
Profit-Squeeze und Fall der Profitrate als Elemente eines integrierten Überakkumulationsansatze
Authors: Glombowski Jörg , Krüger Michael
Published: October 2018

Profit-Squeeze und Fall der Profitrate als Elemente eines integrierten Überakkumulationsansatze
Innovationsschübe und Lange Wellen
Authors: Kleinknecht Alfred
Published: October 2018

Innovationsschübe und Lange Wellen: Was bringen „Neo-Schumpeterianische" Kriseninterpretationen?
Die Verbreitung von Mechanisierungstechniken und Theorien der Langen Weilen
Authors: Coombs Rod
Published: October 2018

Die Verbreitung von Mechanisierungstechniken und Theorien der Langen Weilen
Kapitalakkumulation und Arbeitsmarktsegmentation
Authors: Stanger Michael
Published: October 2018

Kapitalakkumulation und Arbeitsmarktsegmentation - Zur Dynamik von Arbeitsmarktstrukturen
Editorial
Authors: Redaktion PROKLA
Published: October 2018

Die Welt ist in nur wenigen Jahren völlig aus den Fugen geraten, die realsozialistischen Gesellschaften sind wie morsches Gebälk zusammengebrochen, politische Feindbilder und ideologische Koordinatensysteme, die für die (zumindest vorläufige) Ewigkeit bestimmt schienen, haben sich in Luft aufgelöst. Der Kalte Krieg ist von Gorbatschow und Bush offiziell für beendet erklärt worden. Die Hoffnungen, die diese Entwicklungen freisetzten, waren groß: »Friedensdividenden « sollten in die Dritte Welt umgelenkt werden, die großen Menschheitsaufgaben - Überwindung von ökologischer Krise, Massenverelendung in den Armutsregionen der Welt und Menschenrechtsverletzungen rund um den Globus - könnten gemeinsam angegangen werden, weltweiten Demokratisierungstendenzen und einer Zivilisierung des nunmehr im umfassenden Sinne »globalen Kapitalismus « schien nichts mehr im Wege zu stehen. Der Traum währte nicht lange: Das Ende des Staatsozialismus und der »Siegeszug« des westlichen Gesellschaftsmodells übersetzen sich keineswegs in eine schöne neue Welt, sondern in eine Militarisierung der internationalen Beziehungen, in neue Polarisierungen und neue Konflikte, die in ihren Auswirkungen noch längst nicht überschaubar sind. Die ökonomischen Reformversuche Osteuropas kommen nur schwerfällig voran und sie gehen einher mit dem Zusammenbruch ganzer Wirtschaftssektoren, Massenarbeitslosigkeit, Spekulation, Schwarzmärkten und einer völligen Desorientierung aller Beteiligten: Planwirtschaftler, die über Nacht zu Friedman und Hayek gefunden haben, Marktwirtschaften, in denen es keine Unternehmer und nur wenige Märkte gibt, Gewerkschaften, die zuvor als Handlanger der Partei fungierten und nun erneut im machtpolitischen Abseits stehen, Arbeiter, die auf die Marktwirtschaft hofften und über Nacht zu Arbeitslosen wurden. Der von den Reformern anvisierte Übergang zu einem »domestizierten Kapitalismus mit menschlichem Antlitz« scheint in den Untiefen eines kruden Manchesterliberalismus steckenzubleiben.
Zum Tode von Theo Pinkus
Authors: Altvater Elmar
Published: October 2018

Elmar Altvater - Zum Tode von Theo Pinkus
Mord im Orient-Express: Die politische Ökonomie des Golfkrieges
Authors: O'Connor James
Published: October 2018

Die Gegner des Golfkrieges haben die Entscheidung der Bush-Administration, gegen den Irak in den Krieg zu ziehen, zum einen mit ökonomischen und zum anderen mit politischen Motiven und Strukturkonstellationen zu erklären versucht. Beide Erklärungen stellen aber nur Teilwahrheiten dar. Tatsächlich war der Krieg ein »Mord im Orient-Express«: Alle in Verdacht genommenen Akteure haben ein Motiv für den Krieg und haben zur Entscheidung für den Einsatz militärischer Mittel ihren Teil beigetragen.
Jenseits des Ost-West-Konflikts
Authors: Menzel Ulrich
Published: October 2018

Mit der Beendigung des Ost-West Konfliktes ist die seit 1945 etablierte Nachkriegsordnung in Frage gestellt. Der Autor präsentiert vier denkbare Szenarien einer neuen Weltordnung. Für realistisch hält er eine Wiederbelebung der klassischen Konflikte zwischen den industriellen Großmächten (USA, BRD/Europa, Japan), die in den vergangenen vier Dekaden durch den »Kampf zweier Systeme« nur überlagert und gezügelt waren. (Der Artikel wurde im Juli, vor dem Sturz Gorbatschows,fertiggestellt.)
Ökologische Krise und die Zukunft der Demokratie
Authors: Demirović Alex
Published: October 2018

Das prekäre Verhältnis von ökologischer Krise und Demokratie verlangt nach demokratietheoretischen Lösungen. Im folgenden Beitrag werden zwei Ansätze zu einer ökologischen Verfassungstheorie diskutiert. Vor allem deren ökologische Modellbildung erweist sich, mit Blick auf das Projekt gesellschaftlicher Demokratie, als unzulänglich. Demgegenüber wird vorgeschlagen, gestützt auf einen Begriff gesellschaftlicher Naturverhältnisse, die Ausdifferenzierungslogik industrieller Gesellschaften zu demokratisieren.
Freiheit und Demokratie gegen Ökologie?
Authors: Hoffmann Jürgen
Published: October 2018

Kann die Ökologiekrise durch mehr Staatsintervention und mehr staatliche Zurückdrängung der Produzenten- und Konsumentenfreiheit bewältigt werden? Dieses Problem wird gemeinhin im Spannungsfeld von Staat und Markt diskutiert. Ausgehend von der These der Externalisierung sozialer Kosten durch die Privatwirtschaft und unter Bezug auf den Reproduktionskreislauf von Produktion und Konsumtion versucht der Beitrag, die emanzipatorischen und politischen Defizite beider Lösungsstrategien herausarbeiten. Plädiert wird für diskursive und beteiligungsorientierte Lösungen jenseits etatistischer und marktradikaler Konzepte. Solche Lösungen erfordern von der Politik nicht Deregulierung, sondern neue, innovative Regulierungsformen.
»Civil Society« und die Krise der gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisse
Authors: Becker Egon , Jahn Thomas , Wehling Peter
Published: October 2018

Die ökologische Krise blieb bisher aus dem Diskurs der »civil society« weitgehend ausgeblendet. Um sie sinnvoll aufnehmen zu können, darf sie aber nicht der "Umwelt" reduziert werden, sondern muß als Krise der »gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisse« gefasst werden. Sollen diese gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisse demokratisiert werden, darf sich die Zivilgesellschaft aber nicht auf einen Raum zwischen System und Lebenswelt beschränken, sondern muss in die systemischen Bereiche eindringen.
PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AKIDAH AKHLAK
Authors: Khoiriyah Binti , Laili Nur , Mahmudah Masrurotul
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pedekatan CTL dalam pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V pada matapelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MIMU Tulung Jaya Sukadana Lampung Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tehnik, observasi, tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dengan setiap siklusnya 2 kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V MIMU Tulung Jaya dengan jumlah 23 siswa pada matapelajaran Akidah Akhlak. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan pendekatan CTL hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan hal ini terliahat Pada siklus I hasil belajar siswa mencapai ketuntasan 65,22 % dan pada siklus II mencapai 86,95%. siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 21,73%. Sehingga dapat dianalisis bahawa bahwa penerapan pendekatan CTL dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V MIMU Tulung Jaya pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak.
SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRENEURS IN INDONESIA GO GLOBAL: CHALLENGES AND THE PROBLEMS
Authors: Evalina Evalina
Published: October 2018

Globalization is representing challenge and opportunity to the international marketer. More integrated countries on a regional basis formed trading block, encourage international trade and investment volume, give consumers choice more products than before. Small and Medium Entrepreneurs (SME) in Indonesia like or not must face the fact, that they must compete with other SME from other countries. But, nowadays most ofSME in Indonesia havenâ€™t ready yet to compete with other SME from other countries. This research is analyzed the SME in Indonesia by the power of competition. Can SME in Indonesia face the challenges and problems? How government plays its role to help SME in Indonesia? This research is using qualitative descriptive methods. The results are what the challenges and problems that SME in Indonesia have and how is charges for government role to help the SME in Indonesia.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL COST ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Irfansyah Irfansyah , Ermaya Husnah Nur Laela , Septyan Krisno
Published: October 2018

This research aims to examine the effect of environmental performance measured with PROPER, environmental disclosure measured with GRI index version 4.0, and environmental cost measured by comparing the cost incurred for CSR and net income. The populations in this study are agriculture, mining, manufacturing and other non- financial service companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2016 with 58companies in number. This study used purposive sampling method, leaving 15 companies that match the criteria. Hypothesis testing in this study used Multiple Linear Regression. The results of the testing showed that (1) environmental performance had significant effect on economic performance (2) environmental disclosure had no significant effect oneconomic performance (3) environmental cost had significant negative effect on economic performance. From Adjusted R square test result it showed independence of environemntal performance, environmental disclosure and environmental cost only being able to influence the dependent variable of economic performance with 15,6% inpercentage. Meanwhile, the rest of the percentage 84,4% was determined by other variables not included in this study.
Multichannel active noise control system using variable step size algorithms
Authors: Nguyen Ngan Vuong Thuy , Tran Long Duc , Tran Tho Thi Minh , Huynh Tuan Van
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the feed-forward multichannel active noise control which was simulated on LabVIEW and experimented on two channel feed-forward active noise control in real-time. The simulation of feed-forward multichannel active noise control system was built on LabVIEW by using FxLMS algorithm and other algorithms such as Variable Step-size (VSS) and saturation compensation. Moreover, LMS and VSS LMS algorithm were used to train the secondary path in order to improve the convergence speed and stabilization of ANC system in the real-time. The experimental results show that the ANC system in real-time using variable step-size and without using variable step-size algorithm work effectively with noise sources which were synthesized from one to three frequencies. The noise level in these cases decreased around 12 dB - 35 dB and the noise reduction radius measured is about 3 cm around the microphone.
Improving the ammonia sensing of reduced graphene oxide film by using metal nano-materials
Authors: Huynh Hoa Tran My , Hoang Thu Thi , Nguyen Thanh Thi Phuong , Nguyen Tham Ngoc , Bui Nhung Thi Tuyet , On Trang Thi Thanh , Tran Trung Quang , Lam Long Minh
Published: October 2018

Gas sensing is one of the most promising applications for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). High surface-to-volume ratio in conjunction with remaining reactive oxygen functional groups translates into sensitivity to molecular on the rGO surface. The response of the rGO based devices can be further improved by functionalizing its surface with metal nano-materials. In this paper, we report the ammonia (NH3) sensing behavior of rGO based sensors functionalized with nano-structured metal: silver (Ag) or platinum (Pt) or gold (Au) in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The gas response is detected by the monitoring changes in electrical resistance of the rGO/metal hybrids due to NH3 gas adsorption. Compared to bare rGO, significantly improved NH3 sensitivity is observed with the addition of nano-structured metals. These materials are applied to play the small bridges role connecting many graphene islands together to improve electrical conduction of hybrids while maintaining the inherent advantage of rGO for NH3 gas sensitivity.
Study on influences of Sb doping content on the defects of ZnO film by photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and raman scattering spectrum
Authors: Dao Tuan Anh , Nguyen Quang Nhat , Vuong Loan Nguyen Phuong , Le Hung Vu Tuan
Published: October 2018

Sb-doped ZnO thin films with different values of Sb concentrations are deposited on glass substrate by using spin-coating technique. The influences of Sb doping content on the microstructural, photoluminescence and Raman properties of ZnO film are systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission spectrum, photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and Raman scattering spectrum. The results indicate that ZnO thin film doped with Sb exhibits a hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred c-axis orientation. The strong violet emission peak located at 3.11 eV is observed in the Sb-doped ZnO thin film by photoluminescence. Conbining the Raman scattering spectrum with photoluminescence, it is concluded that the strong violet emission peak related to SbZn-O complex defect in ZnO:Sb film.
Transport properties and seebeck coefficient of the quasi-twodimensional electron gas in ALP quantum wells
Authors: Vo Tai Van , Nguyen Khanh Quoc
Published: October 2018

We consider the mobility of a quasi-twodimensional electron gas in a GaP/AlP/GaP quantum well with a valley degeneracy g 1   for quantum well width L < Lc = 45.7 Å and a valley degeneracy of g 2   for quantum well width L > Lc = 45.7 Å. We calculate the mobility as a function of electron density for interface-roughness and impurity scattering with using different approximations for the local-field correction. In the case of zero temperature and Hubbard local-field correction our results reduce to those of [16]. We also study the dependence of resistivity on temperature and parallel magnetic field. The Seebeck coefficient as a function of electron concentration and quantum well width are also calculated.
Comparison of intensity modulated photon therapy and intensity modulated proton therapy plans for prostate cancer
Authors: Nguyen Tu Thi Cam , Mai Nhon Van , Nguyen Binh Thai
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, traditional radiation therapy using x-rays is still the most common type of external exposure in curing cancer. However, the persisting problem is that significant dose delivered to normal tissues because of the characteristics of interaction of photons with matter even with the most advanced delivery techniques such as IMRT, IGRT, etc. Proton therapy is not only the technique producing better conformity to target but also better sparing to organs at risk. In this work, intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and intensity modulated photon therapy (IMRT) plans are generated for a prostate patient. The evaluation and comparison of the two treatment plans were performed in term of physical quantity based on Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) and dose statistics for both target and organs at risk. The results of our study show that IMPT could be beneficial compared to IMRT with 5 fields. The doses to intestine and bladder are low resulting in possibly reducing side effects and second malignancies
Design and simulation of PCI Express physical layer
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thi Le , Nguyen Nhan Chi , Bui Dong An , Nguyen Hieu Van
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a detailed analysis, design and simulation of PCI Express Physical Layer. The Physical Layer isolates the Transaction and Data Link Layers from the signaling technology used for Link data interchange. The Physical Layer is divided into the logical and electrical subblocks. The paper designed Physical Layer in the system level with top-down design method and wrote the Verilog HDL codes to implement Physical Layer. Wrote testbench to verify the correctness of the design module for function simulation. The simulation results show that the designed Physical Layer meets the required of the function of PCI Express™ Physical layer Base Specification Revision 2.0.
Preparation of insulin loaded chitosan- TPP nanoparticles by ionic gelation method
Authors: Dinh Trang Thi Huyen , Nguyen Hao Duc , Le Hieu Van , Ho Ha Thanh
Published: October 2018

In study, insulin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation method using cross-linking agent sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). To have best result for the preparation of nanoparticles, a commercial chitosan with a degree of deacetylation DD of 75 % was adjusted to 85 % - 90 % which was determined by FTIR method. The obtained deacetylated chitosan was studied for the effect of pH, concentration, ratio of chitosan and STPP. Then the insulin loaded chitosan TPP nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles could deliver 91.6 % insulin at pH = 3.5, with the chitosan concentration of 1 mg/mL and the chitosan:STPP ratio of 4:1. The TEMs indicate that chitosan nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the particles size was smaller than 100 nm. Investigation of FTIR and entrapment efficiency assert that insulin loaded chitosan nanopartiles have been prepared and can become a drug delivery system via oral in the future.
Optimization of probe immobilization by covalent links on gold nanowire based- electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Cao Tien Huu , Ha Linh Van , Le Hieu Van
Published: October 2018

The optimization of DNA probe immobilisation on gold electrode surface is very important to develop DNA biosensors. In this study, we conducted an experiment to determine the optimal concentration of probe attached on the electrodes and probe immobilization agent (mercaptohexanol) for maximum hybridization efficacy. We have used a method to control the surface density of DNA probe by annealing probe modified by thiol and mercaptohexanol. With linear relationship between molar ratio and surface density of probe, by controlling probe concentration in sensor fabricating process, we can determine the molecular density of DNA probes on electrode surface. The results show that probe concentration 500 nM and 1.5 mM mercaptohaxenol are optimal for hybidization with DNA target.
Flame retardation performances of phosphorus-containing compounds in unsaturated polyester
Authors: Nguyen Huyen Thi Thu , Pham Linh Thi Thuy , Hoang Quy Thi Dong
Published: October 2018

Aluminium hydrogen phosphite (AHP) was synthesized in order to investigate their flame retarding performances for unsaturated polyester (UP). AHP and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) flame retardants were studied to increase fire resistance and thermal stability of materials. UL 94HB rating is achieved at 15 wt% AHP - 15 wt% TPP loading. Sample with 30 wt% loading of AHP has the burning rate slower than that of neat UP. The incorporation of FR increases the flame retardant properties as well as the amounts of charred residues protecting the mixture from further degradation. This assertion can be accepted when observing that the char yield of UP/FR mixtures at 500-650 oC is much higher than that of neat UP. The char layer may limit the amount of fuel available and insulate the underlying polymer from the flame and, thus, make further degradation more difficult.
Study of lamellar structures of graft-type fluorinated proton exchange membranes by small-angle X-ray scattering: preparation procedures and grafting degree dependence for fuel application
Authors: Tran Tap Duy , Pham Hien Minh , Nguyen Anh Hoang , Luong Anh Tuan , Luu Tuyen Anh
Published: October 2018

The variation of lamellar structures of poly(styrenesulfonic acid)-grafted poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) proton exchange membranes dependence on preparation procedures and grafting degree (GD) was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering. The detail structures of lamellar including lamellar period L, thickness of lamellar crystal Lc, thickness of lamellar amorphous La, and linear crystallinity Lc/L were examined by a 1D correlation function. The lamellar structures were recognized at the grafting step and did not change under the sulfonation process. With GD  79 %, Lc significantly decreased (corresponding to the increase of La) and then retained in the GDs of 79-117 %. Note that the retained values of Lc, La, and linear crystallinity in the GDs of 79-117 % are the origin of high conductivity and mechanical strength of membranes under severe operation conditions for fuel cell applications.
Deposition of high-electron-mobility transparent conducting zinc oxide thin films by DC magnetron sputtering in gas mixture of argon and hydrogen
Authors: Dinh Hanh Thi Duc , Hoang Dung Van , Tran Vinh Cao
Published: October 2018

Transparent conducting zinc oxide thin films having high electron-mobility are deposited on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering in gas mixture of argon and hydrogen at room temperature. Introducing a little amount of hydrogen gas into sputtering Ar gas can remarkedly improve the electron mobility in ZnO thin films. With gas flow rate ratios of hydrogen to argon range from 7.2 % to 19.2 %, ZnO films with hydrogen (ZnO:H) have stable and low resistivity of 6.6×10-4 Ω.cm. At H2/Ar flow rate ratio 7.2 %, electron Hall mobility in ZnO:H film reaches a maximum value of 61 cm2.V-1.s-1. This value is much higher than the one of 23 cm2.V-1.s-1 in pure ZnO films under the same deposition condition. Morever, electron density of 1.51020 cm-3 in ZnO:H films is also higher than the one of 6×1019 cm-3 in pure ZnO films. XRD and FESEM show that the average crystallinegrain size in ZnO:H films are larger than the one in pure ZnO films. The 600-nm-thick ZnO:H films (substrate included) have average transmission of 83 % in the wide wavelength range of 380-1100 nm and low sheet resistance of 11 /square.
Application of MMT modified by block copolymer in dental composite
Authors: Nguyen Uyen Thai Ngoc
Published: October 2018

Montmorillonite (MMT) of which the surface was modified with a block copolymer with crosslinkable units was incorporated into dental composites as nanofiller to improve dimensional and mechanical properties. A bifunctional block copolymer was prepared through controlled/‘‘living’’ radical polymerization technique. One block contained 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and the other block contained poly(vinyl pyridine) units. The interaction of the 4VP units with the surface of MMT layers was examined by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the polymerization shrinkages of the composites decreased as well as the compressive and flexural strengths of the composites were also improved.
Synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(iso-butyl vinyl ether) by dinuclear half-metallocene catalyst and atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thi Le , Nguyen Nhon Thi Le
Published: October 2018

The synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(iso-butyl vinyl ether) by using the combination of metallocene catalyst and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been tried. This synthetic method takes advantages of both metallocene catalyst to form stereoregular polymer with high activity and ATRP with the controlled molecular weights and low polydispersity. The recent dinuclear half-sandwich complexes of titanium with xylene bridge, [Ti(η5-cyclopentadienyl)Cl2L]2-ortho, meta-[CH2-C6H4-CH2] (L = Cl, L = O-2,6-iPr2C6H3 ) were successfully synthesized. These catalysts were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Copolymers have been characterized by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The collected copolymers have got narrow molecular weight distribution (≤1.8) and the improvement of stereoregularity (racemo dyads, r, are from 45 % to 56 %).
Designing a high performance cryptosystem for video streaming application
Authors: Nguyen Toan Van , Do Dang Quoc Minh , Nguyen Phuc Duc , Huynh Thuan Huu , Nguyen Thuc Dinh
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the hardware design of a high performance cryptosystem for video streaming application. Our proposed system is the combination of two cryptographic algorithms, symmetric key algorithm and asymmetric key algorithm (also called public key algorithm) to take their benefits. The symmetric key algorithm (ZUC) is used to encrypt/decrypt video, and the public key algorithm (RSA) performs the encryption/ decryption for the secret key. This architecture has high performance, including high security and high processing bit rate. High security is achieved due to the ease of key distribution of the asymmetric key cryptosystem and the secret key can be easily changed. The high processing bit rate of video encryption/decryption is the result of the high speed of encryption/decryption of the symmetric key algorithm. The H.264 video decoder is also integrated into this system to test the functionality of the proposed cryptosystem. This system is implemented in Verilog-HDL, simulated by using the ModelSim simulator and evaluated by using Altera Stratix IV-based Development Kit. The speed of video decryption achieves up to 4.0 Gbps at the operating frequency of 125 MHz, which satisfies applications with high bandwidth requirement such as video streaming.
FIELD CORRELATION BETWEEN PRECIPITATION-EL NINO RELATED VARIATION AND CORAL ?18O
Authors: Cahyarini Sri Yudawati , Suwargadi B.
Published: October 2018

Coral ?18O from Maudulung-Indonesia was analyzed using Finnigan MAT 251. Using statistical analysis from KNMI database is obtained that the seasonal mean field correlation between coral ? 18OSOI shows strong correlation during October. Field correlation of precipitation-coral ? 18O shows opposite pattern between eastern Pacific and western Pacific during strong El Nino event.

Keywords: coral ?18O, field correlation, El NiÃ±o, Maudulung Sumba.

Kandungan ?18O dalam koral dari wilayah Maudulung, Sumba, dianalisis dengan menggunakan Finnigan MAT 251. Korelasi spasial antara ?18O dengan SOI dalam skala musiman tinggi selama bulan Oktober. Korelasi spasial ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan fasilitas analisa statistik dalam database KNMI. Korelasi spasial antara presipitasi- coral ?18O menunjukkan pola-pola yang berlawanan antara wilayah timur dan barat Pasifi selama El NiÃ±o.

Kata kunci: Koral ?18O, korelasi spasial, El NiÃ±o, Maudulung Sumba.
REVIEW OF COASTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IRON SAND DEPOSITS IN CILACAP CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Kurnio Hananto
Published: October 2018

Mineable iron sand deposits in Cilacap â€“ southern coastal area of Central Java have certain coastal characteristics that need to be studied in order to understand its depositional environment. With the knowledge of such environment, it can be applied to look for other places prospective of iron sand deposits that have the same characteristics especially recently when Cilacapâ€™s deposits were almost depleted. Coastal characteristics of iron sand deposit in Cilacap is shown by successive sandy beach ridges separated by marshy valleys typical of prograded coasts and by dunes of sand elongated parallel to the shore line with elevation varies from 0 m to 15 m above sea level. The iron sand deposit was derived from denudation of andesite and â€œOld Andesite Formationâ€ enriched in magnetite and ilmenite minerals in the steep elevated and deeply weathered rock hinterlands of Cilacap. High sediment loads of Serayu Basin in the hinterland (3,500-4,500 ton/km2/year; Citarum River basin only 800-1,200 ton/km2/year) was causing extensive deposition of iron sand in the coastal zone.

Key words: coast, characteristic, iron sand, Cilacap

Endapan pasir besi yang dapat ditambang di Cilacap â€“ pesisir selatan Jawa Tengah memiliki karakteristik pantai tertentu yang perlu dikaji agar dapat dipahami lingkungan pengendapannya. Dengan pengetahuan tentang lingkungan pengendapan tersebut, dapat diterapkan untuk mencari daerah-daerah lain prospek endapan pasir besi yang memiliki karakteristik yang sama terutama pada akhir-akhir ini ketika endapan Cilacap akan habis. Karakteristik pantai endapan pasir besi di Cilacap dicirikan oleh urutan pematang pantai berpasir yang dipisahkan oleh lembah-lembah berawa khas pantai maju dan oleh gumuk-gumuk pasir memanjang sejajar dengan garis pantai dengan ketinggian bervariasi dari 0 m hingga 15 m dari muka laut. Endapan pasir besi di daerah ini berasal dari proses denudasi andesit dan â€œFormasi Andesit Tuaâ€ yang kaya akan mineral magnetit dan ilmenit pada pedalaman Cilacap dengan kondisi elevasi curam dan batuan sangat terlapukkan. Muatan sedimen yang tinggi dari Cekungan Serayu di pedalaman tersebut (3.500-4.500 ton/km2/tahun; cekungan Sungai Citarum hanya 800-1.200 ton/km2/tahun) menyebabkan pengendapan yang sangat luas pasir besi di wilayah pantai.

Kata kunci: pantai, karakteristik, pasir besi, Cilacap
SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE AND LOCALIZED TSUNAMI POTENTIALITY OF MENTAWAI BASIN, SUMATRA, INDONESIA
Authors: Permana Haryadi , Singh C.
Published: October 2018

The new bathymetry and seismic data were acquired during the PreTI-Gap marine survey (February 15 to March 6, 2008). The survey was carried out along the NE margin of Mentawai Island using multi-beam swath bathymetry equipment, and 28-channels seismic streamer and four-airgun source. The first target was the Mega Island region near the epicenter of the 2007 great earthquake. The shallow bathymetry is characterized as a flat coral platform suggesting that 200 km elongated plateau is slowly subsiding without any active faults. Further north, from South Pagai to North of Siberut Islands, the seafloor morphology changes significantly. The deep and wide canyons or valleys produce very rough seafloor morphology between 50 and 1100 m water. In general, the submarine topography shows two break slopes at different depths. Between slope breaks, the undulating, hilly and circular features dominate, possibly caused by landslides. A push-up ridge is observed that dams the sediments eroded within a steep slope northeastward side. The seismic reflection data acquired along 14 dip seismic lines at the NE flank of Mentawai Islands, from Siberut to the South of Pagai Islands. We observed a set of southwestward dipping back thrust bounding the NE margin of the Mentawai Island.

Keywords: submarine landslide, tsunami, Mentawai basin, Sumatra.

Data batimetri dan seismik baru telah dihasilkan selama survey kelautan PreTi-Gap (15 Februari hingga 6 Maret 2008). Survei dilaksanakan sepanjang tepian timurlaut P. Mentawai menggunakan peralatan multibeam, seismic saluran ganda 28 kanal dengan sumber energi airgun. Sasaran pertama adalah memetakan kawasan pulau dekat pusat gempa tahun 2007. Kenampakan batimetri dangkal dicirikan dengan adanya dataran terumbu karang yang secara perlahan mengalami penurunan tanpa aktifitas sesar. Lebih jauh ke Utar, dari Pagai Selatan ke utara P. Siberut, morfologi dasar laut memperlihatkan perubahan secara signifikan, dimana lembah dasar laut memiliki lebar dan beda kedalaman antara 50 hingga 1100 meter. Secara umum, topografi dasar laut memperlihatkan dua kemiringan pada kedalaman yang berbeda dengan dicirikan adanya kenampakan perlipatan, perbukitan dan bentuk yang melingkar diperkirakan sebagai hasil gelinciran. Sebanyak 14 line data seismik refleksi pada sayap bagian timurlaut P. Mentawai, dari Siberut hingga ke selatan P. Pagai memperlihatkan adanya bukti sesar naik yang miring ke arah baratdaya yang masih satu set dengan tepian timurlaut P. Mentawai.

Kata kunci: longsoran bawah laut, tsunami, Cekungan Mentawai, Sumatra.
SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SEVERAL LAND COASTAL ZONE IN INDONESIA BASED ON THE GSSI GROUND PROBING RADAR (GPR) RECORD INTERPRETATION
Authors: Budiono Kris , Latuputty Godwin
Published: October 2018

The GSSI Ground Penetrating radar have been used to profile the shallow depth of subsurface geology of several area of Land Coastal zone in Indonesia Analysis of a large data base of GPR profile from natural subsurface geological condition along the land coast line have allowed identification of reflection configuration that characterize this type of sub surface geological environment. In many contamination problem, the geological information of coastal area is sparse and drill-core description only gives a limited picture of the geometry of inhomogeneties. The Ground-Probing Radar (GPR) method is a promising tool for resolving changes of physical properties in subsurface geological condition at the scale of natural inhomogeneties arising from changing lithology composition. The objective of present work are to examine whether and to what extent the characteristic lithofacies of subsurface lithology can be recognised as mapable reflection pattern on ground probing radar (GPR) reflection profiles in order to gain information about the subsurface geometry of subsurface geology in coastal area.

Key word: Subsurface geology, coastal zone, Ground Probing Radar

Ground probing radar produksi GSSI telah dipergunakan untuk membuat penampang geologi bawah permukaan dangkal di beberapa kawasan pantai Indonesia. Analisa data dasar penampang GPR dari geologi bawah permukaan di kawasan pantai dapat memperlihatkan konfigurasi reflector yang mencerminkan jenis lingkungan geologi bawah permukaan. Dalam masalah kontaminasi, informasi geologi di daerah pantai yang dihasilkan dari pemboran inti hanya dapat memperlihatkan gambaran yang sederhana tentang geometri ketidakseragaman. Metoda ground probing radar merupakan alat bantu yang menjanjikan untuk menanggulangi masalah sifat fisik kondisi geologi bawah permukaan pada skala ketidak seragaman yang sebenarnya dari perubahan komposisi litologi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sampai sejauh mana karakteristik litofasies dari litologi bawah permukaan dapat dilihat sebagai pola refleksi yang dapat dipetakan dalam penampang GPR dengan maksud untuk mendapatkan informasi geometri geologi bawah permukaan di daerah pantai.

Kata kunci: Geologi bawah permukaan, zona pantai, â€œGround probing radarâ€
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL CONTROL ON THE MINERALIZATION ON TABUAN ISLAND,SEMANGKO BAY, SOUTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Kurnio Hananto , Schampera Ulrich Schwarz
Published: October 2018

Mineralization have been discovered on Tabuan Island, Semangko Bay, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Tabuan Island belongs to the Neogene Sunda-Banda magmatic arc system. Tabuan Island is a tectonic horst structure which belongs to the subduction-related, magmatically active Barisan zone along the active continental margin of western Sumatera. Basaltic-andesitic volcanics of the late Oligocene to earliest Miocene Hulusimpang Formation are distributed in a broad zone along and subparallel to the regional Semangko Fault and are hosts for several epithermal-style auriferous deposits. The occurrence of hydrothermal mineralization was first suggested from seismic identification of small intrusive bodies which form elongated northwest-southeast ridges passing through the island. Surface sampling campaigns on the island revealed significant hydrothermal alteration and mineralization with pervasive occurrences of sulphide minerals. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies at the Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources show pronounced disseminations and vein-type mineralization. Mineralization shows moderate enrichments in Au, Ag, Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Mn. The association of subaerial island arc volcanism and subvolcanic intrusive bodies, the regional extensional and strike-slip structural regime, and the occurrence of epithermal-style alteration and mineralization in the same volcanic sequence along the coastal zone of Semangko Bay and on Tabuan Island reveal the great potential of this region for epithermal type Au-Ag and base metal deposits. On Tabuan Island, delineation of structural blocks and fault systems suggests that normal faults and margins of grabens may have acted as fluid channelling structures.

Key words: structural geology, mineralization, Tabuan Island, Semangko Bay
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORONG ESTUARY
Authors: Hernawan Undang
Published: October 2018

Coastal zone is an area of interaction between the land and the sea. Coastal dynamic is influenced by many factors, such as sedimentation and current. Development of an area in the coastal zone such as estuary is also influenced by suck factors. Development of porong estuary is analyzed by interpretation of Image data, i.e. Landsat TM data that acquired in July, 29th 1975, August, 17th 1994, August, 17th 2000, May, 19th 2002 and Quickbird imagery that acquired in April, 25th 2008. Field survey has been done on April 2008. Based on data interpretation, there are accretion and abrasion in this area. The accretion in the southern part of Porong estuary between 1975 â€“ 2008 is about 33.15 km or about 3.15 km/year equivalent to 1,492.29 Ha. The abrasion area in the northern part of Porong estuary in 33 years since 1975 till 2008 is around 0.5 km or aproximately 15.15 m/year equivalent to 222.45 Ha of wide or 6.802 Ha/year. Development of Porong delta, especially in the southern part of Porong estuary, is caused by change of pattern and main stream of Porong River from the noth to the south. This river delivered large volume of sediments and precipated at this area without or minor influence from the sea. Porong delta is a fluvial delta. Coastal characteristic is mangrove, muddy sediment and locally is sand sediment. Land use in this area is fish pond and mangrove.

Key words: Porong estuary, Satellite imagery

Pantai/pesisir merupakan wilayah antara daratan dan lautan yang masih dipengaruhi oleh keduanya. Dinamika pantai akan dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor dari daratan seperti sedimentasi dan faktor dari lautan seperti arus. Demikian halnya perkembangan suatu daerah di pesisir, seperti daerah muara, dipengaruhi oleh daratan dan lautan. Perkembangan muara Porong dianalisis berdasarkan interpretasi citra satelit, yaitu Landsat hasil perekaman 29 Juli 1975, 17 Agustus 1994, 17 Agustus 2004, 19 Mei 2002 dan citra Quickbird perekaman 25 April 2008. Survey lapangan dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2008. Berdasarkan interpretasi citra, ditemukan daerah akresi dan abrasi pada daerah penelitian. Daerah akresi ditemukan di bagian selatan daerah penelitian yaitu sekitar 33.15 km selama 1975â€“2008 atau sekitar 3.15 km/tahun dengan luasan sekitar 1,492.29 Ha. Daerah abrasi umumnya terdapat di muara Kali Porong sebelah utara, yaitu sejauh 0.5 km selama 33 tahun atau kira-kira 15.15 m/tahun dengan luasan 222.45 Ha atau sekitar 6.802 Ha/tahun. Perkembangan muara dan delta Porong, terutama di muara sebelah selatan, diperkirakan karena adanya perubahan arah utama Sungai Porong, yang berubah dari arah utara kea rah selatan. Aliran sungai ini membawa banyak sedimen dan diendapkan pada daerah ini, karena tiada atau kurangnya pengaruh dari laut. Delta Porong termasuk kawasan delta fluvial. Karakteristik daerah pantai umumnya berlumpur dengan setempat berupa pasir. Penggunaan lahan pada daerah ini umumnya berupa tambak dan mangrove.

Kata Kunci : Delta Porong, citra Satelit
TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEF ON THE KARIMATA COAST, WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Aryanto Noor C.D. , Permanawati Yani
Published: October 2018

The identification of quality and condition of the coral reef in the study areas will support the biological diversity and it frequently contains a valuable assortment of natural resources, conservation of marine biota. The environmental problem particularly on the coastal area needs a more comprehensive management due to the complexity of the rapidly growth. Karimata Archipelago geographically is located between 108o40' - 109o10' E and 1o25' - 1o50' S and administratively belongs to the Ketapang Regency (approximate 100 km west side of Ketapang). In the study area, the growth of coral reef is dominated by non-Acropora type arised between the depths 3-15m. The condition is somewhat good to good. Karimata Archipelago consist of two big islands they are Karimata Island (Studied area) and Serutu Island and also some other isles, with the topography from low land to high land having the height of about 1030 meters from sea level.

Keywords: Coral reef, Karimata coast, West Kalimantan.

Identifikasi kualitas dan kondisi terumbu karang di daerah penelitian dapat menopang keanekaragaman biologi yang pada akhirnya dapat berperan sebagai kawasan konservasi biota laut. Masalah kepekaan lingkungan khususnya di wilayah pantai dan pesisir memerlukan penanganan yang lebih komperhensif, karena kawasan ini relatif lebih kompleks selain perkembangannya yang demikian pesat. Gugusan kepulauan Karimata secara geografi menempati posisi 108o40' - 109o10' BT and 1o25' - 1o50' LS dan secara administrasi masuk dalam Kabupaten Ketapang (lebih-kurang berjarak 100 km ke arah barat dari Ketapang). Di lokasi telitian, keberadaan terumbu karangnya didominasi oleh jenis non-Acropora yang tumbuh baik pada kedalaman antara 3 hingga 15 m. Terumbu karang yang dijumpai dengan kondisi agak baik hingga baik. Kepulauan Karimata terdiri dari 2 pulau besar, P. Karimata di mana lokasi studi terletak dan P.Serutu dan beberapa pulau-pulau kecil dengan topografi dari dataran rendah hingga dataran tinggi (1030 m) di atas permukaan laut.

Kata kunci:Terumbu karang, Pantai Karimata, Kalimantan Barat.