bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consider role of contractual obligations in decision‐making during times of crisis
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: May 2020

The global crisis brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic has forever changed higher education. In the beginning of the crisis, leaders on college campuses had to decide what to do with courses, students in residence halls, auxiliary services like food operations and bookstores, scheduled athletics competitions, and full‐time faculty and staff who normally reported to physical buildings. And those are just the obvious examples.
Did appeals court affirm decision in coach's favor?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: May 2020

The plaintiff filed a lawsuit claiming that willful and wanton misconduct by a cheerleading coach resulted in serious injuries.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with anti–PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Dharmapuri Sirish , Özbek Umut , Lin Jung‐Yi , Sung Max , Schwartz Myron , Branch Andrea D. , Ang Celina
Published: May 2020

Background

Currently, there are no recognized or validated biomarkers to identify hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) likely to benefit from anti–PD‐1 therapy. We evaluated the relationship between neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and survival outcomes, pretreatment and after three doses (posttreatment) of nivolumab in HCC patients.

Methods

Medical records of HCC patients treated with nivolumab between June 2016 and July 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and the log‐rank test were used to calculate and compare overall survival between NLR < 5 Vs ≥ 5 and among PLR tertiles.

Results

A total of 103 patients were identified. Median age was 66 (29‐89) years. Median treatment duration was 26 (2‐149) weeks. Sixty‐four (62%) patients had Child‐Pugh class A (CP‐A) liver function. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage was B in 20 (19%) and C in 83 (81%) patients. CP‐A patients who achieved a partial or complete response had significantly lower posttreatment NLR and PLR (P < .001 for both) compared to patients who had stable disease or progression of disease. No relationship was observed between response and pretreatment NLR and PLR. NLR < 5 was associated with improved OS compared to NLR ≥ 5 both pretreatment (23 Vs10 months, P = .004) and posttreatment (35 Vs 9 months, P < .0001). Survival also differed significantly among PLR tertiles both pre‐ (P = .05) and posttreatment (P = .013). In a multivariable model, posttreatment NLR (HR = 1.10, P < .001) and PLR (HR = 1.002, P < .001) were strongly associated with survival. In a composite model of posttreatment NLR and PLR, a combination of high NLR and PLR was associated with an eightfold increased risk of death (HR = 8.3, P < .001).

Conclusions

This study suggests a strong predictive role of these inflammatory cell ratios in the posttreatment setting in HCC patients treated with anti anti–PD‐1 therapy and should be evaluated in a larger cohort.
Developing the competent psychiatric psychotherapist: A single‐site, retrospective study
Authors: Morrissette Matthew , Fleisher William , Anang Polina , Harrington Michael
Published: May 2020

Psychiatry residents often enter their residency training intending to practice psychotherapy after completing residency; however, this early interest appears to diminish over the course of their training. To preserve psychotherapy as a core competency of future psychiatrists, different educational approaches might be considered, including introducing formal psychotherapy training in the first year of residency to capitalise on this early interest. The University of Manitoba postgraduate psychiatry training programme has a 20‐year history of beginning formal psychotherapy training in the first year of residency. This study examines former residents’ perceptions of psychotherapy training in the early years of their residency that have affected their career path trajectory with regard to their perceived competencies as psychotherapists and psychiatrists. The authors electronically surveyed 59 psychiatrists who completed psychiatry residency at the University of Manitoba between the years of 2000 and 2011 regarding their perspectives of their early years of their psychotherapy training, as well as the impact of formal psychotherapy training on their current practice. Survey response rate was 35.6%. Only 23.8% had a psychotherapy‐oriented practice. Most (90.5%) highly valued their psychotherapeutic skills, and 95.2% of respondents felt that psychotherapy training should begin in the first year of residency. Psychiatrists endorsed the opportunities to observe formal psychotherapy and participate in co‐therapy as elements of psychotherapy training that would most enhance their skill and competency development. This survey supports the early introduction of psychotherapies training, and suggests that these skills are highly valued by general psychiatrists.
Learn to create ‘culture of care’ within your department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2020

ANAHEIM, Calif. — The level of caring and inclusiveness in your department is an important consideration.
Chemical Composition and Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Activities of a Functional Oil from the Edible Seaweed Hizikia fusiforme
Authors: Yang Wen‐Cong , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Ya‐Juan , Nie Ying‐Ying , Liang Jin‐Yue , Liu Ya‐Yue , Liu Jing‐Shan , Zhang Yong‐Ping , Song Cai , Qian Zhong‐Ji , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2020

Cholinergic disorder, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. To explore the healthy potential of the edible seaweed Hizikia fusiforme on this aspect, a functional oil (HFFO) was extracted from this alga and investigated on its constituents by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in this study. Its anti‐Alzheimer's related bioactivities including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidation, and anti‐neuroinflammation were evaluated, traced, and simulated by in vitro and in silico methods. GC/MS analysis indicated that HFFO mainly contained arachidonic acid (ARA), 11,14,17‐eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA), palmitic acid, phytol, etc. HFFO showed moderate AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity. Bioactivity tracing using commercial standards verified that AChE inhibition of HFFO mainly originated from ARA and ETrA, whereas antioxidant activity mainly from ARA. Lineweaver−Burk plots showed that both ARA and ETrA are noncompetitive AChE inhibitors. A molecular docking study demonstrated low CDOCKER interaction energy of −26.33 kcal/mol for ARA and −43.70 kcal/mol for ETrA when interacting with AChE and multiple interactions in the ARA (or ETrA)−AChE complex. In the anti‐neuroinflammatory evaluation, HFFO showed no toxicity toward BV‐2 cells at 20 μg/mL and effectively inhibited the production of nitroxide and reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV‐2 cells. The results indicated that HFFO could be used in functional foods for its anti‐Alzheimer's disease‐related activities.
Characterization of Membrane Protein‐Lipid Interactions in Unfolded OmpX with Enhanced Time Resolution by Hyperpolarized NMR
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Mandal Ratnamala , Hilty Christian
Published: May 2020

Proton nuclear spins of dodecyl phosphocholine molecules below the critical micelle concentration are hyperpolarized by using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D‐DNP). NMR signal enhancements of 1210±400 and 1610±550 are obtained at 9.4 T, for choline methyls in the head group of the lipid and for the tail‐end methyl group, respectively. This polarization is transferred to the unfolded protein through the nuclear Overhauser effect, after dilution to a final denaturant concentration of 0.8 M urea. As a result, the amide and aromatic side‐chain signals of the protein are increased up to sixfold. Selective inversion pulses applied either on the head‐group or tail‐group of the lipid are used to identify the source of the transferred polarization. The normalized cross‐relaxation rates of σN,tail=−1.8±0.1 s−1 M−1 and σN,head=−0.5±0.3 s−1 M−1 are obtained, showing a larger polarization transfer from the tail groups. These cross‐relaxation rates are determined at a low urea concentration, which constitutes refolding conditions for the protein. The sensitivity enhancement by D‐DNP permits to access these conditions with a measurement time on the order of seconds, and may further open the possibility to investigate structural changes in membrane proteins during folding.
Invasive fractional flow reserve: Which technology is best?
Authors: Safian Robert D.
Published: May 2020

Key Points

Invasive pressure measurements using hyperemic fractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure measurements (NHPR) are superior to angiography alone for assessment of 50–90% stenoses.

FFR devices using piezoelectric and optical sensors achieve 94% concordance in FFR values; microcatheter designs have more lesion‐crossing failures and less pressure drift compared with guidewire designs.

Despite the similarity in statistical performance among FFR devices, interventional cardiologists may prefer to use NHPR to avoid the need for adenosine‐related side effects, variations in vasodilator response, and limited application in patients with certain clinical and anatomic features.
Altered spontaneous activity and effective connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Long Jingyi , Luo Lekai , Guo Yi , You Wanfang , Li Qian , Li Bin , Tang Wanjie , Yang Yanchun , Kemp Graham J. , Sweeney John A. , Li Fei , Gong Qiyong
Published: May 2020

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported functional and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in OCD. In this study, we explored the functional activity of subregions of the ACC and effective connectivity (EC) between ACC subregions and the whole brain in OCD. We used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to identify the direction of information flow and whether the impact of that flow was excitatory or inhibitory. We performed resting‐state functional MRI in 31 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls and analyzed the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and coefficient‐based GCA. The left pregenual ACC (pACC) in patients with OCD showed decreased ALFF relative to controls. There was significantly decreased excitatory output from the left pACC to both right dorsal superior frontal gyrus (dSFG) and left precuneus in patients compared with controls. Patients also had decreased inhibitory input to left pACC from left ventral SFG and left thalamus and caudate relative to controls. Results were similar in drug‐naive patients and those with prior but not current psychopharmacological treatment. In patients, path coefficients of GCA from left pACC to right dSFG showed significant negative correlations with obsession and anxiety ratings. Decreased spontaneous neural activity and altered EC of pACC with widely distributed cortical circuitry, and associations with clinical ratings highlight the importance of pACC functional alteration in OCD.
LacZ‐reporter mapping ofDlx5/6expression and genoarchitectural analysis of the postnatal mouse prethalamus
Authors: Puelles Luis , Diaz Carmen , Stühmer Thorsten , Ferran José L. , Martínez‐de la Torre Margaret , Rubenstein John L. R.
Published: May 2020

We present here a thorough and complete analysis of mouse P0‐P140 prethalamic histogenetic subdivisions and corresponding nuclear derivatives, in the context of local tract landmarks. The study used as fundamental material brains from a transgenic mouse line that expresses LacZ under the control of an intragenic enhancer of Dlx5 and Dlx6 (Dlx5/6‐LacZ). Subtle shadings of LacZ signal, jointly with pan‐DLX immunoreaction, and several other ancillary protein or RNA markers, including Calb2 and Nkx2.2 ISH (for the prethalamic eminence, and derivatives of the rostral zona limitans shell domain, respectively) were mapped across the prethalamus. The resulting model of the prethalamic region postulates tetrapartite rostrocaudal and dorsoventral subdivisions, as well as a tripartite radial stratification, each cell population showing a characteristic molecular profile. Some novel nuclei are proposed, and some instances of potential tangential cell migration were noted.
Acquisition of High‐Quality Spectral Flow Cytometry Data
Authors: Fox Amy , Dutt Taru S. , Karger Burton , Obregón‐Henao Andrés , Anderson G. Brooke , Henao‐Tamayo Marcela
Published: May 2020

Flow cytometry allows the visualization of physical, functional, and/or biological properties of cells including antigens, cytokines, size, and complexity. With increasingly large flow cytometry panels able to analyze up to 50 parameters, there is a need to standardize flow cytometry protocols to achieve high‐quality data that can be input into analysis algorithms. Without this clean data, algorithms may incorrectly categorize the cell populations present in the samples. In this protocol, we outline a comprehensive methodology to prepare samples for polychromatic flow cytometry. The use of multiple washing steps and rigorous controls creates high‐quality data with good separation between cell populations. Experimental data acquired using this protocol can be analyzed via computational algorithms that perform end‐to‐end analysis. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of single‐cell suspension for flow cytometry

Support Protocol 1: Lung preparation

Support Protocol 2: Counting cells on a flow cytometer

Basic Protocol 2: Surface and intracellular flow cytometry staining

Support Protocol 3: Single‐color bead controls
Induced Protic Behaviour in Aprotonic Ionic Liquids by Anion Basicity for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Yeadon Darius J. , Jacquemin Johan , Plechkova Natalia V. , Maréchal Manuel , Seddon Kenneth R.
Published: May 2020

The interactions between aprotonic tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs), [P4 4 4 4][CnCOO] (n=1, 2 and 7), and water were investigated. The cation‐anion interactions occur via the α‐1H on [P4 4 4 4]+ and the carboxylate headgroup of the anion. Upon addition, H2O localises around the carboxylate headgroups, inducing an electron inductive effect towards the oxygens, leading to ion‐pair separation. Studies with D2O and [P4 4 4 4][CnCOO] revealed protic behaviour of the systems, with proton/deuterium exchange occurring at the α‐1H of the cation, promoted by the basicity of the anion, forming an intermediate ylide. The greater influence of van der Waals forces of the [P4 4 4 4][C7COO] system allows for re‐orientation of the ions through larger interdigitation. The protic behaviour of the neat ILs allows for CO2 to be chemically absorbed on the ylide intermediate, forming a phosphonium‐carboxylate zwitterion, signifying proton exchange occurs even in the absence of H2O. The absorption of CO2 in equimolar IL‐H2O mixtures forms a hydrogen carbonate, through a proposed reaction of the CO2 with an intermediate hydroxide, and carboxylic acid.
Selective Isolation Methods for Cellulose and Chitin Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Ting , Qi Houjuan , Liu Peiwen , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2020

This Minireview focuses on the selective isolation methods for the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). Various selective preparation strategies with specific preparation conditions and reaction mechanisms are summarized. In particular, these selective reaction routes include controlled acid hydrolysis and selective oxidations at specific positions of cellulose or chitin fibers as well as particular reaction sites of the repeating monosaccharide building blocks of their main chains. These lead to selective cleavage of the ordered and non‐ordered regions of cellulose and chitin and result in efficient production of CNCs and ChNCs.
Virtual APA meeting: Importance of helping pregnancy women with SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2020

In “Substance Use Disorders in Perinatal Women,” Kimberly Yonkers, M.D., gives a sobering presentation on the consequences of substance use in pregnant women, on the women themselves, their pregnancies, and their offspring, in the perinatal period. Yonkers' presentation took place April 25 as part of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA's) virtual online annual meeting; the meeting itself, scheduled to be in Philadelphia, was canceled due to COVID‐19. Yonkers' presentation touched on social justice as well as medical issues.
Tailoring Activated Carbons for Efficient Downstream Processing: Selective Liquid‐Phase Adsorption of Lysine
Authors: Deischter Jeff , Wolter Nadja , Palkovits Regina
Published: May 2020

The essential amino acid lysine is of great importance in the nutrition and pharmaceutical industries and is mainly produced in biorefineries by the fermentation of glucose. In biorefineries, downstream processing is often the most energy‐consuming step. Adsorption on hydrophobic adsorbents represents an energy, resource, and cost‐saving alternative. The results reported herein provide insights into the selective separation of l‐lysine from aqueous solution by liquid‐phase adsorption using tailored activated carbons. A variety of commercial activated carbons with different textural properties and surface functionalities is investigated. Comprehensive adsorbent characterization establishes structure–adsorption relationships that define the major roles of the specific surface area and oxygen functionalities. A 13‐fold increase of the separation of lysine and glucose is achieved through systematic modification of a selected activated carbon by oxidation, and lysine adsorption is enhanced by 30 %.
The Importance of Engaging Children in Research Decision‐Making: A Preliminary Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Paquette Erin Talati , Palac Hannah , Bair Elizabeth , Schultz Blake , Stenquist Nicole , Joffe Steven , Shukla Avani
Published: May 2020

Studies demonstrate deficiencies in parents' and children's comprehension of research and lack of child engagement in research decision‐making. We conducted a cross‐sectional and interview‐based study of 31 parent‐child dyads to describe decision‐making preferences, experiences, and comprehension of parents and children participating in research. Parents and children reported that parents played a greater role in decisions about research participation than either parents or children preferred. The likelihood of child participation was associated with the extent of input the parent permitted the child to have in the decision‐making process, the child's comprehension, whether the study team asked the child about participation, whether the child read study‐related materials, the parent's marital status, and the child's race. Children had lower comprehension than adults. Comprehension was related to age, education, verbal intelligence, and reading of study‐related information. Parent understanding was associated with prospect for benefit and illness severity. Child participation may be improved by increasing parent‐child communication, emphasizing important relational roles between parent and child, respecting the developing autonomy of the child, increasing engagement with the study team, providing appropriate reading materials, and assessing comprehension.
Simple Electrochemical Characterization of ortho‐Carborane and some of its exo‐Skeletal Derivatives
Authors: Fojt Lukáš , Nekvinda Jan , El Anwar Suzan , Grüner Bohumír , Havran Luděk , Fojta Miroslav
Published: May 2020

Electrochemical behaviour of 12 icosahedral carboranes – ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐carborane with different exo‐skeletal substituents was investigated. The study was done using phosphate buffers, in some cases with 20 % and 30 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition to increase the solubility of studied compounds. Commercial glassy carbon electrode or home‐made screen printed electrodes were used. Distinct electrochemical responses were observed only for the ortho‐carborane and its exo‐skeletal derivatives. The study of different exo‐skeletal substituents on the electrochemical behaviour of the carboranes is crucial for the intended use of these compounds as electrochemical labels of biomolecules.
The role of self‐monitoring metacognition sub‐function and negative urgency related to binge severity
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Carbone Elvira A. , Calabrò Giuseppina , Caroleo Mariarita , Carcione Antonino , Nicolò Giuseppe , Semerari Antonio , Segura‐Garcia Cristina
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aims to test a model where low self‐monitoring (a sub‐function of first‐person domain of metacognition) and high negative urgency lead to a worsening of binge severity through the mediation of emotional dysregulation in patients with binge eating disorder (BED).

Method

Forty non‐BED‐obese and 46 BED‐obese patients completed a battery of tests assessing metacognition and psychopathology. To test our hypothesized model, a structural equation model (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted.

Results

BED‐obese patients had significantly higher scores in BES, UPPS‐P Negative urgency, and DERS total score, and lower MSAS self‐monitoring than non‐BED‐obese, while no differences emerged in the MSAS others‐monitoring subscale. The structural model demonstrated very good fit indexes (χ2 = 1.377, df = 2; p = .502, CMIN/DF = 0.688, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, TLI = 1.047) and all paths were significant in the predicted directions.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings show that, low self‐monitoring and high negative urgency lead BED‐obese patients to express the worsening of binge severity through the mediation of emotional dysregulation. This knowledge may be helpful in the clinical practice to develop a tailor‐made treatment. Accordingly, an approach through Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy could be attempted in BED‐obese patients with these characteristics.

Highlights

Patients with BED exhibited low self‐monitoring and high negative urgency.

Binge severity was mediated by high level of emotional dysregulation.

Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy may be useful for BED patients.
Joint low‐complexity nonlinear equalization and carrier frequency offset compensation for multiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication systems
Authors: Ramadan K. , Dessouky Moawad I. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: May 2020

The conventional zero forcing (ZF) equalizer suffers from the noise enhancement problem and the increasing complexity with the increase of the number of subcarriers. On the other hand, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer mitigates the noise enhancement, but it needs estimation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) to work properly. In addition, the Joint Low‐complexity Regularized ZF (JLRZF) equalization and carrier frequency offset compensation scheme mitigates the noise enhancement using a constant parameter called the regularization parameter without SNR estimation. In this paper, we present a JLRZF with successive iInterference cancelation (JLRZF‐SIC) scheme for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) discrete Fourier transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT‐OFDM) system to cope with the above‐mentioned problems. The proposed JLRZF‐SIC scheme jointly performs the equalization and the carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation processes in two steps. The coupling nature of the MIMO channel is canceled in the first step. A regularization term is added in the second step to avoid the inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI). Simulation results show that the proposed JLRZF‐SIC scheme improves the system performance with low complexity, especially in the presence of estimation errors.
Effects of storage on brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) metabolites, analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Feng Yuchao , Zhang Shu , Fu Tianxin , Sheng Yanan , Zhang Yiwei , Jiang Yingjun , Yu Miao , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Dongjie
Published: May 2020

Metabolomic studies were carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) on Daohuaxiang variety rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the Wuchang Geographical Indication Rice Protection Area in Heilongjiang Province, to investigate the effects of storage on brown rice metabolism. The data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and cluster analysis using software such as SIMCA. Analysis of the samples led to the identification of a total of 160 metabolites. No significant differences were found in the amount of metabolites before and after storage. A total of 31 differential metabolites were screened, and the changes in metabolite content showed a “reverse change” overall. Storage significantly changed the content of various metabolites in rice, with fatty acids impacted most significantly. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis is a key metabolic pathway in rice storage. The degradation of brown rice quality caused by storage is closely related to the composition and content of its metabolites, and that change in lipid content significantly affects brown rice quality during storage.
Characterization of Astrocytic Response after Experiencing Cavitation In Vitro
Authors: Wrede Alex H. , McNamara Marilyn C. , Baldwin Rodger , Luo Jie , Montazami Reza , Kanthasamy Anumantha , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: May 2020

When a traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs, low‐pressure regions inside the skull can cause vapor contents in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to expand and collapse, a phenomenon known as cavitation. When these microbubbles (MBs) collapse, shock waves are radiated outward and are known to damage surrounding materials in other applications, like the steel foundation of boat propellers, so it is alarming to realize the damage that cavitation inflicts on vulnerable brain tissue. Using cell‐laden microfibers, the longitudinal morphological response that mouse astrocytes have to surrounding cavitation in vitro is visually analyzed. Astrocytic damage is evident immediately after cavitation when compared to a control sample, as their processes retract. Forty‐eight hours later, the astrocytes appeared to spread across the fibers, as normal. This study also analyzes the gene expression changes that occur post‐cavitation via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. After cavitation a number of pro‐inflammatory genes are upregulated, including TNFα, IL‐1β, C1q, Serping1, NOS1, IL‐6, and JMJD3. Taken together, these results confirm that surrounding cavitation is detrimental to astrocytic function, and yield opportunities to further the understanding of how protective headgear can minimize or eliminate the occurrence of cavitation.
The development and validation of the adolescent level of contact with dementia scale
Authors: Parveen Sahdia , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Farina Nicolas
Published: May 2020

Objectives

As the number of people living with dementia increases, reducing stigma has become a policy priority. One way of decreasing stigma is through contact with the stigmatised group. However, the impact of this is difficult to establish due to a lack of validated measures suitable for adolescents. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a level of contact questionnaire designed to assess adolescents' contact with people living with dementia.

Methods

Participants were recruited from five schools in two studies (N = 446 and N = 488) and completed the preliminary 11‐item version of the adolescent level of contact of dementia (ALoCD).

Results

Study 1 explored the factor structure of the ALoCD, revealing two factors ‘direct contact’ and ‘indirect contact’. Study 2 confirmed the structure of the ALoCD and tested for discriminant validity. These two studies resulted in a 9‐item scale that showed adequate internal consistency (α = .89, α = .62) and discriminant validity between those who did and did not live with a person with dementia.

Conclusion

The development of this scale enables assessment of direct (eg, living with a person with dementia) and indirect (watching a TV show about dementia) contact with dementia, and the extent of this contact. This initial validation suggests a psychometrically sound scale but further research should be undertaken to fully explore the properties of the scale.
Recruitment and adherence of randomized controlled trials for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Zijun , Sun Wen , Zhang Dexing , Wong Samuel Yeungshan
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The recruitment and adherence status of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are little known. We aimed to explore the RCT recruitment and adherence status and factors associated with these among MCI patients.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES from inception to 8th July 2019. Included studies were RCTs conducted among MCI patients with available data of invitation rate, eligibility rate, randomization rate, recruitment rate, adherence rate, satisfaction rate, or potential barrier for recruitment and compliance. Two authors screened the studies and extracted the data independently. We calculated pooled proportions of each rate and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis was conducted.

Results

Hundred and ten articles were judged to meet the study inclusion criteria from 10 387 articles. The invitation rates ranged from 9% to96% but were not pooled together due to high heterogeneity. The pooled overall eligibility, randomization, recruitment, intervention adherence, and follow‐up adherence rates were 55% (95% CI: 48%‐62%), 86% (95% CI: 81%‐91%), 44% (95% CI: 37%‐50%), 88% (95% CI: 86%‐90%), and 85% (95% CI: 83%‐87%), respectively. Non‐MCI (47.5%), disease or medical problems (13.8%), and loss of interest (8.5%) were the most frequent reasons for screen failure. Refusal without reason (36.6%), adverse events (30.9%), and health issues (7.7%) were the most frequent reasons for drop‐out.

Conclusions

This study provided important information for future RCTs targeting at MCI patients. Strategies designed to improve participant recruitment and RCT adherence should be developed among this population.
Mapping brain asymmetry in health and disease through the ENIGMA consortium
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Zhen , Postema Merel C. , Guadalupe Tulio , de Kovel Carolien , Boedhoe Premika S. W. , Hoogman Martine , Mathias Samuel R. , van Rooij Daan , Schijven Dick , Glahn David C. , Medland Sarah E. , Jahanshad Neda , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Turner Jessica A. , Buitelaar Jan , van Erp Theo G. M. , Franke Barbara , Fisher Simon E. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Schmaal Lianne , Thompson Paul M. , Francks Clyde
Published: May 2020

Left–right asymmetry of the human brain is one of its cardinal features, and also a complex, multivariate trait. Decades of research have suggested that brain asymmetry may be altered in psychiatric disorders. However, findings have been inconsistent and often based on small sample sizes. There are also open questions surrounding which structures are asymmetrical on average in the healthy population, and how variability in brain asymmetry relates to basic biological variables such as age and sex. Over the last 4 years, the ENIGMA‐Laterality Working Group has published six studies of gray matter morphological asymmetry based on total sample sizes from roughly 3,500 to 17,000 individuals, which were between one and two orders of magnitude larger than those published in previous decades. A population‐level mapping of average asymmetry was achieved, including an intriguing fronto‐occipital gradient of cortical thickness asymmetry in healthy brains. ENIGMA's multi‐dataset approach also supported an empirical illustration of reproducibility of hemispheric differences across datasets. Effect sizes were estimated for gray matter asymmetry based on large, international, samples in relation to age, sex, handedness, and brain volume, as well as for three psychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder was associated with subtly reduced asymmetry of cortical thickness at regions spread widely over the cortex; pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder was associated with altered subcortical asymmetry; major depressive disorder was not significantly associated with changes of asymmetry. Ongoing studies are examining brain asymmetry in other disorders. Moreover, a groundwork has been laid for possibly identifying shared genetic contributions to brain asymmetry and disorders.
Azido‐functionalized gelatin via direct conversion of lysine amino groups by diazo transfer as a building block for biofunctional hydrogels
Authors: Keller Silke , Bakker Tomke , Kimmel Benjamin , Rebers Lisa , Götz Tobias , Tovar Günter E. M. , Kluger Petra J. , Southan Alexander
Published: May 2020

Gelatin is one of the most prominent biopolymers in biomedical material research and development. It is frequently used in hybrid hydrogels, which combine the advantageous properties of bio‐based and synthetic polymers. To prevent the biological component from leaching out of the hydrogel, the biomolecules can be equipped with azides. Those groups can be used to immobilize gelatin covalently in hydrogels by the highly selective and specific azide–alkyne cycloaddition. In this contribution, we functionalized gelatin with azides at its lysine residues by diazo transfer, which offers the great advantage of only minimal side‐chain extension. Approximately 84–90% of the amino groups are modified as shown by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay as well as Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, rheology, and the determination of the isoelectric point. Furthermore, the azido‐functional gelatin is incorporated into hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) at different concentrations (0.6, 3.0, and 5.5%). All hydrogels were classified as noncyctotoxic with significantly enhanced cell adhesion of human fibroblasts on their surfaces compared to pure PEG‐DA hydrogels. Thus, the new gelatin derivative is found to be a very promising building block for tailoring the bioactivity of materials.
Anticoagulation and antibacterial functional coating on vascular implant interventional medical catheter
Authors: Wang Lirong , Erişen Deniz E. , Yang Ke , Zhang Bingchun , Guan Hongyu , Chen Shanshan
Published: May 2020

Vascular implant interventional medical catheter will contact with blood firstly after implantation. The anticoagulation and antibacterial functions of this device will determine the success or failure. Copper (Cu) has been verified to possess multi‐biofunctions, but it was challenging to add the Cu metal to most materials. Take advantage of its functionality; Cu has been grafted on the material surface to improve the anticoagulation function and accelerate endothelialization. In this study, a Cu‐bearing chitosan coating was prepared on the catheter to endow the anticoagulation and anti‐infection functions. Besides, properties characterization and functional evaluation of the coated medical catheter were investigated. Dynamic blood clotting and platelet adhesion tests were carried out to evaluate the anticoagulation property. Besides this, the antibacterial test was used to estimate the anti‐infection function. The surface energy and Cu ions release from the coating were detected and calculated by contact angles and immersion tests, respectively. The results of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Cu ions were grafted in the chitosan coating. Thermogravimetric analysis (TA) result showed the concentration of Cu ions in the coating. The results of dynamic blood clotting, platelet adhesion, and antibacterial tests revealed that Cu grafted in chitosan would improve the blood compatibility and anti‐infection property. The surface properties and Cu ions release behavior of Cu‐bearing coating revealed the reasons for multi‐biofunctions. This study indicated that the Cu‐bearing chitosan coating could endow the vascular implant interventional device anticoagulation and anti‐infection functions, which has excellent potential for clinical application.
Detrusor bioengineering using a cell‐enriched compressed collagen hydrogel
Authors: Smolar Jakub , Nardo Daniele De , Reichmann Ernst , Gobet Rita , Eberli Daniel , Horst Maya
Published: May 2020

Objective

The gold standard for bladder regeneration in end‐stage bladder disease is the use of intestinal tissue, which is however associated with significant long‐term complications. Our study aims to bioengineer functional detrusor muscle combining bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) and SMC‐like adipose‐derived stem cells (pADSC) in compressed collagen (CC) hydrogels and to investigate biocompatibility and tissue regeneration of such detrusor‐equivalents in a rat detrusorectomy model.

Methods

Compressed collagen hydrogels seeded with 1 × 106 or 4 × 106 SMC alone or in combination with pADSC in a 1:1 ratio were investigated. Morphology, phenotype, and viability as well as proteomic secretome analysis were assessed in the 1:1 co‐cultures and the respective monocultures. The hydrogels were implanted into rat bladders after partial detrusorectomy. Bladders were harvested 8 weeks after transplantation, and assessed for tissue morphology, detrusor regeneration, neo‐vascularization and ‐innervation.

Results

Co‐cultured cells exhibited native SMC morphology, high viability and proliferated to form microtissues in vitro. The pro‐angiogenic factors angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A and ‐D were increased in the secretome of the pADSC samples. After 8 weeks of in vivo, the regenerated bladder wall showed a multilayered structure containing all bladder wall components. The overall performance of the bladder wall regeneration of CC seeded with 4 × 106cells was significantly better than with 1 × 106 cells and the combination SMC:pADCS performed slightly better than SMC alone.

Conclusion

Compressed collagen possesses an adequate regenerative potential to promote regeneration of bladder wall tissue in vivo. Seeded with a combination of pADSC and SMC this may well be the first step towards a functional bladder reconstruction especially in patients suffering of end‐stage bladder diseases.
Novel halogenated cyclopentasilylene‐2,4‐dienes via DFT
Authors: Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Kassaee Mohamad Z.
Published: May 2020

In view of immense importance of silylenes and the fact that their properties undergo significant changes on substitution with halogens, here, we have used B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory to access the effects of 1–4 halogens (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) on four unprecedented sets of cyclopentasilylene‐2,4‐dienes; with the following formulas: SiC4H3X (1
X), SiC4H2X2 (2
X), SiC4HX3 (3
X), and SiC4X4 (4
X). In going down from F to I, the singlet (s)‐triplet (t) energy gap (ΔEs‐t, a possible indication of stability), and band gap (ΔEH‐L) decrease while nucleophilicity (N), chemical potential (μ), and proton affinity (PA) increase. The overall order of N, μ, and PA for each X is 2
X > 1
X > 3
X > 4
X. Precedence of 2
X over 1
X is attributed to the symmetric cross conjugation in the former. The highest and lowest N are shown by 2
I and 4
F. The trend of divalent angle () for each X is 4
X > 1
X > 3
X > 2
X. The results show that in going from electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) to electron donating groups (EDGs), the ΔEs‐t and ΔEH‐L decrease while N, μ, and PA increase. Also, rather high N of our scrutinized silylenes may suggest new promising ligands in organometallic chemistry.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3B is overexpressed and correlates with larger tumor size, advanced FIGO stage, and shorter overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Nannan , Guo Yanjuan , He Yanfang , Chen Yan , Xing Jun
Published: May 2020

Background

This study aimed to detect the eukaryotic initiation factor 3B (EIF3B) expression and explore its correlation with clinical features and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients.

Methods

A total of 230 primary EOC patients underwent surgery treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was used to determine EIF3B expression in tumor and adjacent tissue specimens of all patients. According to the total IHC score, the expression of EIF3B was classified as low expression and high expression, and the latter was further divided into 3 grades: high+, high++, and high+++ expressions. Overall survival (OS) was calculated.

Results

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3B expression was increased in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue. Tumor EIF3B high expression correlated with larger tumor size (>10 cm), lymphatic metastasis, and advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (FIGO) (III/IV). Besides, OS was decreased in patients with tumor EIF3B high expression compared with patients with tumor EIF3B low expression, and further analysis showed that the OS was shortest in patients with tumor EIF3B high+++ expression, followed by patients with tumor EIF3B high++ expression and patients with tumor EIF3B high + expression, and the longest in patients with tumor EIF3B low expression. Additionally, higher tumor EIF3B expression, peritoneal cytology (positive), ascites volume (>100 mL), differentiation (poor vs. well/moderate), tumor size (>10 cm), FIGO stage (III/IV vs. I/II), and cancer antigen 125 (>1000 U/mL) independently predicted shorter OS.

Conclusion

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3B exhibits a clinical value for monitoring disease progression and predicting prognosis in EOC patients.
Novel potential tumor biomarkers: Circular RNAs and exosomal circular RNAs in gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Wang Yezhao , Li Zhe , Xu Suyuan , Guo Junming
Published: May 2020

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are structural ubiquitous RNA molecules. Accumulating evidences have elucidated that circRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers. Exosomal circRNAs are those circRNAs stably existing in exosomes and having high clinical values as novel potential diagnostic biomarkers of many diseases. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and gastric cancer, are leading causes of mortality worldwide and a major global health burden. However, no ideal tumor biomarkers of screening early GI cancers are currently available.

Methods

We collected data through Web of Science. The search terms used were as follows: circular RNA, circRNA, exosomes, exosomal circRNAs, biomarkers, gastrointestinal malignancies, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, physiological functions, biogenesis, molecular mechanism. Only articles published in English were included.

Results

We found that several circRNAs and exosomal circRNAs have been used as potential biomarkers to screen GI cancers including pancreatic cancer (hsa_circ_0001649, circ_0007534, circ_0030235, circRHOT1, circZMYM2, circ‐LDLRAD3, chr14:101402109‐101464448C, chr4:52729603‐52780244C, circ‐IARS, and circ‐PDE8A), HCC (circSETD3, circADAMTS13, hsa_circ_0007874, hsa_circ_104135, circFBLIM1, cSMARCA5, circRNA‐100338, and circPTGR1), colorectal cancer (hsa_circ_0001178, hsa_circ_0000826, hsa_circ_0004771, circDDX17, circITGA7, and circHIPK3), and gastric cancer (hsa_circ_0074362, circNRIP1, circAKT3, circ‐DONSON, circPSMC3, circ‐KIAA1244, circPVRL3, circPVT1, hsa_circ_0000096, ciRS‐133, hsa_circ_0001017, and hsa_circ_0061276).

Conclusion

CircRNAs and exosomal circRNAs have the potential high clinical diagnostic values for GI malignancies.
Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training
Authors: Perrin Paul B. , Rybarczyk Bruce D. , Pierce Bradford S. , Jones Heather A. , Shaffer Carla , Islam Leila
Published: May 2020

Objective

This article positions the special issue on telepsychology amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has dramatically accelerated the adoption and dissemination of telepsychology.

Method

The article makes general observations about the themes emerging in the special issue with considerations for application, training, theory‐driven research, and policy. It then presents as a case example the rapid deployment during the pandemic of telepsychology doctoral training and services at the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Primary Care Psychology Collaborative.

Results

Facilitators to VCU telepsychology deployment included trainee and supervisor resources, strong telepsychology training, and prior experience. Barriers to overcome included limited clinic capacity, scheduling, technology, and accessibility and diversity issues. Lessons learned involved presenting clinical issues, supervision, and working with children and adolescents.

Conclusions

Telepsychology is crucial for psychological service provision, during the COVID‐19 pandemic more than ever, and that is unlikely to change as psychologists and patients increasingly continue to appreciate its value.
The P2Y6 receptor signals through Gαq/Ca2+/PKCα and Gα13/ROCK pathways to drive the formation of membrane protrusions and dictate cell migration
Authors: Girard Mélissa , Dagenais Bellefeuille Steve , Eiselt Émilie , Brouillette Rebecca , Placet Morgane , Arguin Guillaume , Longpré Jean‐Michel , Sarret Philippe , Gendron Fernand‐Pierre
Published: May 2020

Cell migration is a ubiquitous process necessary to maintain and restore tissue functions. However, in cancer, cell migration leads to metastasis development and thus worsens the prognosis. Although the mechanism of cell migration is well understood, the identification of new targets modulating cell migration and deciphering their signaling events could lead to new therapies to restore tissue functions in diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, or to block metastatic development in different forms of cancer. Previous research has identified the G‐protein‐coupled P2Y6 receptor as an innovative target that could dictate cell migration under normal and pathological conditions. Surprisingly, there is little information on the cellular events triggered by activated P2Y6 during cell migration. Here, we demonstrated that P2Y6 activation stimulated A549 human lung cancer cells and Caco‐2 colorectal cancer cell migration. Activated P2Y6 increased the number of filopodia and focal adhesions; two migratory structures required for cell migration. The generation of these structures involved Gαq/calcium/protein kinases C (PKC) and Gα13/RHO‐associated protein kinase‐dependent pathways that dictate the formation of the migratory structures. These pathways led to the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton through a PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of cofilin. These results support the idea that the P2Y6 receptor represents a target of interest to modulate cell migration and revealed an intricate dialogue between two Gα‐protein signaling pathways.
Comparing the risk of hypothyroidism in HCV patients treated with different DAA drugs combinations (sofosbuvir + interferon + ribavirin and sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin)
Authors: Wahid Braira , Shami Khadija , Joiya Salman A. , Özuyar Sevilay E. G. , Idrees Muhammad
Published: May 2020

The recent development of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drugs has revolutionized the area of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics but the efficacy and clinical outcome of interferon (IFN)‐free therapy have not been extensively studied yet. We observed a dramatic increase in hypothyroidism among patients treated with sofosbuvir, IFN, and ribavirin. This is the first prospective study of the thyroid dysfunction in DAA drugs treated patients. This study compared the risk of hypothyroidism in two different groups of HCV patients treated with different DAA drugs regimens that were sofosbuvir + pegylated‐IFN‐α + ribavirin and sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin. Our findings highlight the periodic screening of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone and T4 levels in HCV infected patients during the treatment and posttreatment.