bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registered Replication Reports in the Classroom
Authors: Verheyen Steven
Published: January 2025

Background: Registered Reports are an emerging publication format, which emphasizes methodological rigor over results. Integrating this format into education allows one to teach research skills when data collection is infeasible.Objective: To evaluate the implementation of Registered Reports for replication research in an undergraduate psychology methods course.Method: A five-week course was conducted where students developed Stage 1 Registered Reports proposing to replicate published findings. The evaluation was conducted by the students through consensus meetings held during a paper-in-a-day workshop, which also served as a collaborative writing activity for this paper.Results: Registered Reports scaffolded students’ research skills, enhanced motivation, and instilled open science values. Students gained practical insights into reproducible research practices, but worried about the necessary support to continue applying them and expressed concerns about public pre-registration, citing fears of criticism.Conclusion: Registered Reports are valuable for teaching research methods, particularly in courses where data collection is impractical. However, institutional support and curriculum-wide integration are essential to sustain the benefits they provide.Teaching Implications: Instructors should leverage the full feedback opportunities of Registered Reports and be mindful of the hidden costs of engaging students in open science practices. Paper-in-a-day workshops can be explored as standalone educational activities.
Can digital technologies promote adolescent well-being?
Authors: Hirshberg Matthew James , Davidson Richard , Heyroth Mackenzie
Published: January 2025

Digital communication and information systems (DCISs) have become ubiquitous. Adolescents are avid users of these technologies. As access to and use of DCISs has increased among adolescents, daily life and adolescent social interaction patterns have shifted in profound ways. Although the causal relationship between DCIS use and adolescent well-being is not clear, it is clear that the economy driving DCIS innovation is not designed to promote adolescent well-being. Yet, DCISs possess characteristics that make them promising avenues for well-being promotion because of their accessibility, ability to scale up, and the potential for personalization. In this essay, we propose that strengthening adolescent well-being skills through DCIS interventions may provide the necessary conditions for adaptive adolescent DCIS use at a public health scale, leading to improved adolescent well-being.
The Dynamics of Learning and Retention Following an Exposure Exercise for Fear of Public Speaking
Authors: Bouwman Vera , Pittig Andre , Engelhard Iris , Salemink Elske
Published: January 2025

Exposure-based CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders. However, individual differences in response to exposure indicate that many patients do not fully benefit from therapy. Examining individual changes over time in threat expectancy likelihood, a theorized working mechanism of exposure as proposed by the Inhibitory Retrieval Theory, may help optimize individual treatment success. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of learning during one exposure exercise for fear of public speaking and the retention of learning in daily life. Participants with elevated fear of public speaking (70 women, M age = 23.10) completed an exposure exercise designed to violate an idiosyncratic threat expectancy. They gave two, three, or four presentations to at least halve threat expectancy likelihood. Ecological momentary assessments were used to measure threat expectancy likelihood eight times a day for four days before and four days after the exposure exercise. Results showed individual differences in how fast threat expectancy likelihood decreased during the exposure exercise. Furthermore, there were individual differences in how much this translated to a decrease in threat expectancy likelihood in daily life and how long participants retained the decrease. Additionally, after the exposure exercise, we found a decrease in threat expectancy severity, anticipatory anxiety, avoidance tendency, and an increase in willingness to give a presentation in daily life. Future research could examine whether individual differences in the dynamics of learning and retention in daily life following an exposure exercise are clinically relevant as predictor of overall treatment success.
The (In)Efficacy of AI Personas in Deception Detection Experiments
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew , Levine Timothy R
Published: January 2025

Apart from recent exceptions, decades of research suggest humans perform poorly in deception detection studies. Accuracy is only slightly better than chance, and humans are often truth-biased. We report 12 studies using gemini-1.5-flash, accessed through the Viewpoints.ai research platform, making veracity judgments of humans, systematically varying the nature and duration of the communication, modality, the truth-lie base rate, and AI persona. AI performed best (57.5%) when detecting truths and lies involving feelings about friends, although it was notably truth-biased (71.7%). However, in assessing cheating interrogations, AI was lie-biased by judging more than three-quarters of interviewees as cheating liars. In assessing interviews where humans perform at rates over 70%, AI performed below chance, and accuracy plummeted to 15.9% with an ecological base-rate. AI yielded results different than prior human studies and exhibited a strong guilt bias in transgression denials. We presently advocate against using certain large language models for lie detection.
The relationships between curiosity and wellbeing: a systematic review
Authors: Priemysheva Alisa , Akhtar Shazia , Gruber Matthias
Published: January 2025

Curiosity has been considered a potential asset for wellbeing, but there remains uncertainty about which types of curiosity are connected to wellbeing and mental health. In this systematic review, we examined different conceptualisations of curiosity—including stretching and embracing curiosity, state-trait curiosity, five-dimensional curiosity, and curiosity as a feeling of deprivation. This preregistered review includes 22 studies on wellbeing and mental health indicators in the context of curiosity. Our findings indicate that curiosity predominantly exhibits positive associations with wellbeing outcomes such as life satisfaction and positivism, and a negative association with depression indicators. Additionally, some types of curiosity revealed inconsistent associations with wellbeing, linking positively with mental health indicators and negatively with positive wellbeing measures. We discuss the research gaps, particularly the need to investigate the mixed impacts of different curiosity types and to develop more nuanced frameworks for future research on the relationship between curiosity and wellbeing.
The lexicon adapts to competing communicative pressures: Explaining patterns of word similarity
Authors: Keogh Aislinn , Culbertson Jennifer , Kirby Simon
Published: January 2025

Cross-linguistically, lexicons tend to be more phonetically clustered than required by the phonotactics of the language; that is, words within a language are more similar to each other than they need to be. In this study, we investigate how this property evolves under the influence of competing communicative pressures: a production-side pressure to re-use more easily articulated sounds, and a comprehension-side pressure for distinctiveness of wordforms. In an exemplar-based computational model and a communication experiment using a miniature artificial language, we show that natural-language-like levels of clustering emerge from a trade-off between these pressures. With only one pressure at work, the resulting lexicons tend to inhabit an extreme region of the possible design space: production pressures alone give rise to maximally clustered lexicons, while comprehension pressures alone give rise to maximally disperse lexicons. We also test whether clustering emerges more strongly for high-frequency items, but our results lend support only to a weak relationship between frequency and clustering. Overall, this study adds to a growing body of evidence showing that mechanisms operating at the level of individual language users and individual episodes of communication can give rise to emergent structural properties of language.
Tax Evasions: Findings of Empirical Observations and Nepalese Context
Authors: Kandel Puspa
Published: January 2025

Not available
Environmental Implications of Poverty and Development
Authors: Sharma S.S.P.
Published: January 2025

Not Available.
Effect of Local Feed Ingredients on Growth Rate of Sakini Chickens in Banke District, Nepal
Authors: Kafle Ashok , Bhatt Bhuwan Raj Bhatt , Nyaupane Shankar , Neupane Krishna Kanta , Dhital Bhargab , Karn Bimal Kumar Lal
Published: January 2025

The experiment was conducted in Poultry Development Farm, Khajura, Banke, Nepal   from 23rd November 2020 to 1st March 2021 to study the growth performance of indigenous (Sakini) chicken fed with varied combinations of local ingredients such as Maize (M), Broken rice (BR) and Wheat (W) in diets. The treatments used were, commercial feed formulation (T1), 75% M (T2), 50% M + 25% BR (T3), 50% M + 25% W (T4) and 25% M + 25% BR + 25% W (T5). A completely randomized design (CRD) having five treatments with three replications and 14 weeks experiment from 6th week to 20th week were used for the study. In this experiment Benefit-Cost ratio of T5 is significantly higher (1.93±0.04) and T1 obtained lowest ratio (1.41±0.03); per unit cost of meat was significantly higher (NRs. 572.10±71.14) in T1 while lowest in T4 (NRs. 409.96±8.36); final body weight was recorded to be higher in T5 (1.74±0.04 kg) while lowest in T4 (1.59±0.13 kg); mean weight gain was higher in T5 (1.41±0.01 kg) and the lowest in T2 (1.30±0.02 kg); lowest FCR was obtained by T5 (4.17±0.15) and T1 (Control) obtained highest (4.61±0.11); weekly weight gain was observed highest in T5 (0.101±0.008 kg) while lowest in T2 and T4 (0.093±0.008 kg). According to above result of this study the experimental treatment T5 gave better result in terms of body weight, weight gain, FCR and B/C ratio and treatment T4 gave better result in terms of dressing percentage and per unit cost of meat production. From this study it was concluded that, the locally available feed ingredients can be used to prepare feed for indigenous chicken (Sakini) without affecting the growth and production performance to reduce feed cost.
Fifteen-Year Retrospective Study: Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates in Mastitis-Suspected Milk Samples Submitted to Central Veterinary Laboratory, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Shiva
Published: January 2025

Bovine mastitis, a prevalent mammary gland inflammation, significantly impacts dairy production worldwide. This study investigated the changing landscape of mastitis-causing bacteria in Nepal.  A retrospective analysis of secondary data was conducted, utilizing technical bulletins published by the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) in Kathmandu over a fifteen-year period (2003/2004 to 2017/2018). The analysis focused on 3,445 bovine milk samples screened for mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT).The analysis revealed Staphylococcus spp. as the most prevalent bacterial isolate (2,948 positive samples), followed by E. coli and Streptococcus spp. This finding suggests a potential shift in the dominant mastitis pathogens in Nepal, with Staphylococcus spp. potentially surpassing E. coli compared to previous reports. These results highlight the importance of implementing hygiene practices during milking to reduce the spread of contagious pathogens like Staphylococcus spp.  Additionally, maintaining clean milking environments can help minimize E. coli infections.  Further research is warranted to understand the factors driving this potential shift in bacterial prevalence and develop targeted prevention and control strategies for mastitis in Nepal.
Socio-Economic Issues on Pesticide Use
Authors: Thapa Bikesh , Bharati Suraj , Katuwal Dharamaraj
Published: January 2025

The intensification and globalization of agriculture, particularly with the advent of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, led to the widespread use of synthetic chemicals, which became an integral part of farming systems. However, the extensive use of pesticides has been criticized for its negative impacts on the environment, human health, beneficial insects, and the ecosystem as a whole. In many cases, the drawbacks of pesticide use may outweigh its benefits. The challenges associated with efficient pesticide management are not solely technical or financial; moral concerns, public perception, and policy-related issues also significantly reduce pesticide usage. Moreover, convincing small farmers of the economic benefits of alternative practices remains difficult due to inefficient markets that fail to value the ecosystem services provided by chemical-free farming adequately. This paper thoroughly discusses overlooked issues in efforts to minimize agrochemical usage and explores economic tools that can help mitigate associated externalities.
Efficacy of Eupatorium Adenophorum Extract against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) at Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi
Authors: Mishra Rajendra , Khanal Subodh , Khanal Dipak , Mishra Saroj Raj
Published: January 2025

A laboratory experiment was carried out at Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi starting from 15th December 2020 to 15th February 2021, to observe the efficacy of Eupatorium adenophorum extract against Callosobruchus chinensis (pulse beetle). A completely randomized design with two factors (altitude and concentration) was taken. Phytochemical screening and allelopathic test were completed during the research. Samples were collected from three altitudes, viz., Paklihawa, Hemja, and Tansen, and at three levels of concentration (5%, 10%, and 15%). This study explored the potential of E. adenophorum leaf extract as a natural pesticide against pulse beetles in stored pigeon peas. Phytochemical screening confirmed bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Extracts from different altitudes and concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) were tested, revealing that higher altitude samples and higher concentrations significantly increased beetle mortality, achieving complete mortality by the tenth day at 15%. The extract also showed inhibitory effects on pigeon pea germination, suggesting allelopathic properties. Overall, E. adenophorum offers an eco-friendly alternative for pulse beetle management, supporting sustainable pest control practices.
Efficacy of Push and Pull Strategy against Fall Armyworm {Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH)} In Maize in Bhairahawa, Nepal
Authors: Chhetri Pooja Poudel , Adhikari Anupama , Bhetwal Nikku , Paudel Shishir , Sahani Hemant Kumar , Pandey Pushpa , Khanal Dipak
Published: January 2025

Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), a voracious sporadic pest, had been major problem in maize causing significant yield loss and challenging food security around the world. It was first recorded in Nepal on 9th May, 2019 and is distributed in most part of the maize farming regions. Farming system such as maize-legume intercropping has been reported to reduce Fall Armyworm infestation significantly. The experiment for effective management of Fall Armyworm in maize as push and pull strategy was carried at horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Bhairahawa. Seven treatments including the control were applied in Randomized Complete Block Design. Maize (var. Rampur Hybrid-10) was the main crop, with Napier (var. Super Napier) used as a border crop. All the treatments were replicated three times. The treatments deployed were: Desmodium {Desmodium oojeinese (Roxb) H.Ohashi}, cowpea (Sampada), blackgram (U-99), greengram (local var.), common bean (Italy 38), soyabean (local var.) and control. On an average, the research showed that Desmodium had the highest resistance to fall armyworm with lowest leaf damage score (4.90), being superior to Soyabean (5.61), Green gram (5.79), Black gram (5.90), Cowpea (6.45), Common bean (6.85), and Control (7.31). The average number of infested plant and infested leaf were least in plot where Desmodium was intercropped, having the highest yield of 8.86 tons/ha. From this experiment, we concluded that Desmodium was the most effective legume among other treatments. However, crops like soyabean and green gram can also be suggested as a next best alternative for ecofriendly management of fall armyworm.
An Analysis of the Generalized Gaussian Integrals and Gaussian Like Integrals of Types I and II
Authors: Pant Prakash , Dhungana Hem Lal , Rokaya Sudip
Published: January 2025

The Gaussian integral, denoted as (mathematical expression), plays a significant role in mathematical literature. In this paper, we explore a family of integrals related to Gaussian functions. Specifically, we introduce generalized Gaussian integrals, represented as (mathematical expression), and two distinct types of Gaussian-like integrals: 1. Type I: (mathematical expression), and 2. Type II: (mathematical expression), where f(x) is a continuous function. The study of integrals related to Gaussian-like functions has been explored in the work of Huang [8] and Dominy [7]. Our approach to evaluating these integrals relies on specialized functions, including error functions, complementary error functions, imaginary error functions, and Basel functions.
Point-of-care ultrasound training and education in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Pachisia Anant Vikram , Govil Deepak
Published: January 2025

Not Available
Outcome of a semi-closed mixed intensive care unit in a medical college: A prospective observational study
Authors: Keyal Niraj Kumar , Mishra Jeetendra Kumar , Mahato Rupesh , Gupta Gaurav , Kanu Ujjawal Shah , Gupta Suchitra , Sharma Sachit
Published: January 2025

Background and aims: The patients with the most severe illnesses are admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). This study was conducted to explore the outcome of patients admitted to the intensivist led semi-closed mixed ICU of a medical college in Nepal.
Methods: Five hundred and forty-two patients with age 18 years or above, admitted to the level three ICU of National Medical College over one year period was included in the study. The outcome of the patient was defined as discharge to ward, death, leave against medical advice, or do not resuscitate.
Results: Out of 542 patients admitted in the ICU during the study period, 444 (82%) patients were discharged to the ward, 63 (12%) died, 24 (4%) left against medical advice and 11 (2%) gave do not resuscitate orders. Mortality in intubated and trauma patients was 25.0% and 4.7% respectively.
Conclusion: This study shows favourable results in terms of patient outcome in an intensivist led semi-closed mixed ICU of a medical college in Nepal.
Durga Puja (Dashain) in Nepal: A Fusion of Ritual, Cultural, and Commercial Performance
Authors: Bhattarai Achyutananda
Published: January 2025

This research article examines Durga puja (Dashain) in Nepal as a fusion of ritual, cultural, and commercial performances analyzing the impact of ritual and culture on commercial behaviors. Culture is largely concerned with the human values and beliefs that have been connected with the economic and commercial conduct of the people. The study explores how cultural performance shapes consumer behaviors besides strengthening social solidarity and preserving cultural identity. How the celebration of Durga Puja increases the financial activities of the country and what pros and cons it brings to society is analyzed. The qualitative data are collected from the relevant books, journal articles, and newspapers. Schechner’s “Theory of Ritual and Performance”, and Chattopadhyaya’s “From Religion to Culture” have been used as the theoretical framework. This research finds that the celebration of ritualistic cultural festivals preserves ritual and culture, strengthens social solidarity with identity, and increases commercial activities. It concludes that cultural festivals require celebrating in such a way that they can protect ritual and cultural identity, promote social solidarity, and progress commercial activities.
Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency (CVD) and its relation with ABO Blood Group among Male School Students of Duwakot, Bhaktapur
Authors: Kharel Sushil , Raut Binod
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Normal person can interpret colour in all three of its attributes; Hue, intensity, and saturation. Human beings can perceive three primary colours, that is, red, green, and blue. Any defect in appreciation of colours is known as colour vision deficiency (CVD). Blood groups are genetically inherited as well. The study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of CVD among school students in Duwakot and to find out its relation with ABO blood groups, as these two entities are both inherited genetically.
Materials and Methods: Permission was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of KMC to conduct this study. The study was carried out among the 8th, 9th and 10th grade school students of Duwakot, Bhaktapur. Ishihara test plates for colour vision and agglutination method for ABO blood grouping were used to get the prevalence of CVD and to get the percentage of students belonging to ABO blood group among those having Colour Vision Deficiency.
Results: It was found out that, out of 150 students, 133 (88.67%) were normal. 17 students (11.33 %) were having CVD. No one was found complete colour blind. Prevalence of blood group among study population was O (38%) which was followed by B (31.61%), A (23.33%) and AB (8.66%),respectively. All the defects were of red-green type, hence were transmissible genetically. Distribution of blood group in CVD subjects shows 9 (52.94 %) numbers belonging to blood group B, 4 (23.53%) belonging to blood group O, 3 (17.64 %) belonging to blood group AB, and 1 (5.8%) belonging to blood group A.
Conclusion: The study helps the subjects to be aware of their condition early in their professional life so that they can choose correct profession. It also tried to find out the percentage distribution into ABO blood groups. A larger population should be included to get more accurate results.
An Epidemiological Survey of Fatal Head Injuries Autopsied at a Tertiary Care Center in Dhulikhel, Nepal
Authors: Khan Abdul Sami , Karki Anish , Karki Raj Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The head is the most vital organ of body. National Advisory Neurological Diseases and Stroke Council has defined head injury as a morbid state, resulting from gross or subtle structural changes in the scalp, skull, and/or the contents of the skull, produced by mechanical forces. Traumatic brain injury has become a major health problem globally leading to morbidity and mortality which involves young aged individuals. Increasing use of motor vehicles among youths is one of the reasons for increasing traumatic brain injuries. Traffic safety laws has found to decrease the incidence of road traffic accidents and head injuries. Accidents at workplaces, mechanical violence, armed conflicts, terrorism and explosions are other causes of fatal head injuries. The present study aims at profiling the frequency of fatal head injuries, identify causes, common type and the most vulnerable population.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 399 cases autopsied at Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University of Medical Sciences from October 2020 to April 2022 out of which 122 cases of fatal head injuries were studied.
Results: There are 104 male and 18 female of fatal head injuries. Individuals of 21-40 years are the most vulnerable victims. The study identifies road traffic accidents (50.81%) as the major cause of fatal head injury which is followed by physical assault (22.95%), fall from height (22.13%) and drowning (4.09%). Scalp contusion was seen in 44.26%. Skull was intact in 49.18%. Fracture of skull base was present in 19.67%. Combination of epidural, subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages were present in 43.44%. Cerebral contusion and laceration were combinedly present in 13.11%.
Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are the major cause of head injuries leading to the premature death of male population predominantly. Other than road traffic accidents, physical assault, fall from height, fall of heavy objects on body and drowning are the other causes for head injury. Adults of productive age group 21-40 years are highly prone to mortality and morbidity due to road traffic accidents. Legal bodies should pay proper attention to the road safety level to minimize such incidents and prevent premature deaths. Appropriate safety precautions while driving or even travelling by any vehicle should be adopted by drivers and passengers on their own.
Status of Ocular Health and Visual Function among Tailors in Siddharthanagar Municipality, Rupandehi- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nau Bishnu Prasad , Pokhrel Basant Mani , Bhusal Bigyan , Yadav Chandrajeet Kumar , Gurmaita Raman Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Visual impairment from age related eye conditions is significant global and national health challenges, with high prevalence therefore likely to have a negative impact on their ability to perform optimally which affects their productivity. Hence the main objective of the study is to assess the ocular health and visual functions among tailors in Siddharthanagar municipality.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 197 tailoring community participants were involved in the research of Siddharthanagar municipality from 27th Kartik to 30th Kartik, 2079. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on Ocular Health and Visual Function among Tailors.
Results: Total of 197 participants were involved in the research among them 61.4% were male and 38.6% were female. Immature cataract (14.97%) followed by meibomitis (9.0%) were the most prevalent form of ocular disorders. Normal visual acuity was present in 66.0% of participants whereas 17.76% were hypermetropic, and 16.64% were myopic. Color vision was normal in 94.41% whereas 4.06% had a red-green deficiency and 1.52 % were not applicable for the test. Contrast sensitivity was normal in 89.98%, 8.12 % had a significant loss, 0.5% had severe loss of contrast and 1.52% were not applicable for the test. The visual field was normal in 98.48% of participants. Increased level of near point of convergence was noticed in 44.67% and 26.90% had decreased amount of near point of convergence. Accommodative insufficiency was noticed in 9.13% among patients below 40 years of age. Schirmer test revealed 32.48% had dry eyes.
Conclusion: Regular time interval examining ocular health and visual function in tailors and notifying them about the importance of proper use of spectacle plays a notable role in the acknowledgement of ocular risk factors and its early elimination, improvement of their work productivity and quality of life.
A Comparative Study of Aspiration versus Non-aspiration Technique in Fine Needle Cytology of Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Shah Anita , Shrestha Ashmita , Poudel Anuj , Samdurkar Ashok P , Chaurasiya Anand , Gurmaita Raman Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established procedure used in diagnosis of palpable thyroid swelling. This technique is practiced worldwide and is investigation of choice in thyroid swelling. Fine needle non- aspiration cytology (FNNAC) avoids aspiration, uses capillary action. It is patient friendly with less pain and better perception of lesion. Hence present study was conducted to compare effectiveness of aspiration versus non- aspiration techniques for better specimen and cytological diagnosis in thyroid swellings.
Materials and Methods: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to both FNAC and FNNAC techniques performed simultaneously at the same site. The study period was March 2020 to March 2021 at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa (UCMS-TH). Points were allocated to each specimen according to Mair et al. scoring system and categorized. All the lesions were analysed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5.
Results: Total 79 cases of thyroid swelling were evaluated and there was significant difference (p < 0.0001) of the background blood/clot, amount of cellular material, degree of cellular trauma, and degree of cellular degeneration and retention of appropriate architecture. Diagnostically superior smears were obtained in 39 cases by both FNAC and FNNAC technique. The most common cytological impression was Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Benign Follicular Nodule.
Conclusion: FNNAC yields diagnostically better quality smears, while FNAC assures diagnostically adequate material quantitatively. Combining both FNNAC and FNAC can offer superior quality of the cytological material and quantity.
Gender-Based Violence Among Pharmacists Working in Healthcare Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bista Binamra , Karki Sandip , Gurmaita Raman Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive issue affecting healthcare professionals globally, including pharmacists. In Nepal, pharmacists working in tertiary healthcare settings may face unique challenges related to GBV. This study aims to explore the prevalence and impact of GBV among registered pharmacists in these settings.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 randomly selected registered pharmacists working in tertiary healthcare hospitals in Nepal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed experiences of GBV, workplace environment, and support systems. The study employed descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for data analysis using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: The study found that 35.23% of pharmacists reported experiencing some form of GBV in the workplace. Verbal abuse was the most common form (59.45%), followed by psychological (21.62%) and physical violence (10.81%). Female pharmacists were significantly more likely to experience GBV than their male counterparts (p<0.01). Only 27.02% of those affected reported incidents to their supervisors, citing fear of retaliation and lack of institutional support as primary barriers.
Conclusion: Addressing GBV in healthcare settings is crucial to ensuring a safe and equitable work environment for pharmacists. Efforts should focus on enhancing awareness, strengthening institutional policies, and providing comprehensive support to victims.
Virtual Learning Practices in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Mid-West University during the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Chhabita
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to explore the virtual learning practices in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Mid-West University during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a cross-sectional research design under the broader category of descriptive research, relying on the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The population comprises the first- and second-semester students of faculty of humanities and social sciences from four campuses of Mid-West University. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 159 students, determined using the Raosoft sample size calculator, and SPSS was used for statistical data analysis. The findings reveal that the majority of students (62.3%) received digital training, mainly focused on using Zoom, with high engagement participation rates (94.3%). However, engagement was inconsistent due to reliance on mobile data for internet connectivity (55.8%), and smartphones were the primary device for most students (87.4%). Despite these challenges, students favored live presentations and discussions, showing a preference for interactive, real-time virtual learning experiences. The study highlights the need for improved digital infrastructure. The study recommends that the stakeholders should focus on enhancing accessibility, optimizing platforms for mobile use, and providing more robust internet and device support to ensure equitable and effective virtual learning experiences in the COVID-like situation.
Teachers' Perception of Using a Context-Based Approach in Mathematics Instruction
Authors: Roka Jasbir , Khanal Bishnu
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate teachers' perceptions of the context-based approach (CBA) in mathematics at secondary-level schools. It employed an exploratory qualitative research design, utilizing semi-structured interviews with five purposively selected mathematics teachers from community-based secondary schools in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet District, Nepal. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teachers perceived the CBA as effective and beneficial for teaching mathematics at the secondary level. Additionally, they demonstrated a theoretical awareness of its principles and applications. However, the study highlighted that teachers were not applying the CBA sufficiently in classroom instruction, indicating a gap between their conceptual understanding and the practical implementation of the approach in mathematics teaching. Based on these findings, the study strongly recommends the design and implementation of the Context-Based Instruction (CBI) approach to enhance academic outcomes in mathematics at the school level in Nepal.
Ornamental Plants and Cut Flower Trade in Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Saugat , Das Bishnudev , Rai Kabita
Published: January 2025

The study has been carried out to explore the diversity of ornamental plants along with their trade state and cut flower trade in Biratnagar Metropolitan City, Morang, Nepal. The data was collected from September 2021 to March 2022 by interviewing nursery owner and staff, cut flower retailers by preparing semi structured questionnaire and secondary data were collected by literature review and books. The study has documented about 90 species of ornamental plants belonging to 54 genera and 27 families, and their trade quite good in state. Among all, Chalathea ornata, Chamaendorea elegans, Dracaena angolensis, Monstera adansoni, Gymnocalcium mihanvichii, Neprolepis exaltata, Curio herreanus etc. were highest price, whereas Petunia axillaris, Petunia integrifolia, Petunia exserta, Chrysanthemum indicum, Dahlia hybrid, Dahlia pinnata were least expensive. As for cut flowers, nine genera were found and their trade was also in good condition. During off-season, most of the cut flowers are imported from India.
The Impact of Indo-Nepalese Bilateral Trade Trends on Gross Domestic Product in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Padma Kumar , Ghimire Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2025

This research study intends to explore the impact of Indo-Nepalese trade trends on Nepal's gross domestic product (GDP) by highlighting the India-Nepal trade relationship and trends. Bilateral trade trends refer to the changes in the volume, value, and composition of goods and services exchanged between Nepal and India over time. Economic policies, market demands, and geopolitical relations between countries influence trade trends and GDP impacts. The study uses data from Nepal's National Accounts Section from 1991 to 2020, utilizing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to estimate growth dependency and determine coefficient elasticity. The finding indicates that Nepal's growing reliance on foreign trade and increased remittances emphasize the need to analyze the impact of imports and exports on the country's economic development. This result has provided an understanding for policymakers in boosting economic growth by directing imports and exports in the right direction.
The Potential of Avocado Farming in Dhankuta: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis
Authors: Wagle Shyam Prasad
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the potential hub of avocado farming in Dhankuta Municipality, highlighting its significant income generation for majority households in Nepal's eastern hills. A "hub" in agriculture refers to a central location where a specific crop or industry thrives, serving as a center for production, distribution, and innovation. Dhankuta Municipality is gaining prominence as a key avocado cultivation center due to its favorable climate, fertile soil, and increasing farmer engagement in Nepal. The municipality's transition from small-scale farming to organized commercial production has significantly impacted avocado development.
This paper uses secondary data from various sources, focusing on over 44% of farm households (223 hhs) in Ward No. 3 of Dhankuta Municipality, using Yamane's sample determination formula. Data were collected through household questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant surveys, and field observations. The finding indicates that Dhankuta has the potential to become a leading avocado farming, processing, and distribution center in Nepal, thereby boosting local economic growth and the broader agricultural sector. The avocado farming in this region has successfully combined challenges and opportunities, encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies and high-value crops. Avocado farming, despite challenges, has proven profitable and suitable for the region, with satisfactory expansion and promising future prospects.
Теоретико-правовий дискурс механізму забезпечення та захисту прав людини і громадянина
Authors: Даніл'ян Олег
Published: January 2025

У статті обґрунтовується доцільність використання категорії «механізм захисту прав людини». Розглядаються головні теоретичні підходи до визначення механізму захисту прав людини. Визначаються особливості механізму захисту прав людини в сучасних суспільствах. Розглядається структура механізму захисту прав людини та деякі напрямки оптимізації його діяльності.
Муніципальне адміністрування та права людини: питання теорії та практики
Authors: Любченко Павло
Published: January 2025

Статтю присвячено дослідженню змістовної сторони місцевого самоврядування та реалізації прав людини та громадянина на місцеве самоврядування, виявлення його потенційних можливостей, визначення недоліків сучасного регулювання відносин у даній сфері та шляхів їх подолання. Наголошено, що важливою характеристикою муніципальних прав та свобод є той факт, що у своїй нормативній основі вони мають конституційний зміст і конституційний рівень свого юридичного закріплення. Це має принципове значення з точки зору аналізу співвідношення конституційних прав та свобод з інститутом муніципальних прав та свобод. Зазначено, що наукова проблема ефективного захисту права на місцеве самоврядування обумовлюється як невизначеністю змісту права, що розглядається, так і недосконалістю законодавства, недостатньо чіткою системою гарантування права на місцеве самоврядування. Зроблено висновок, що для подолання гальмування в Україні процесу розвитку місцевого самоврядування потрібні не тільки якісне нормативне регулювання безпосередніх форм участі членів територіальної громади у вирішенні питань місцевого значення, а й широка, систематична просвітницька робота та потужне інформаційне забезпечення розвитку місцевого самоврядування.
Main Approaches to Studying and Overcoming the Problems of Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Дашковська Олена
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on gender-based violence and the legal strategies to prevent it in Ukraine and globally. Gender-based violence affects both men and women and includes physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. The article explores the root causes and types of gender-based violence, including sexual harassment and control over reproductive choices. It discusses legal methods like administrative and criminal liability to address this issue, emphasizing that gender-based crimes violate international law. The article also highlights that men can be victims of economic and psychological violence while women and children are primarily victims of sexual and physical violence. The effective prevention of gender-based violence requires strong cooperation between law enforcement and the criminal justice system. The article argues that a noninterventionist approach by states is detrimental to the rule of law and societal well-being. Overall, addressing domestic violence is a crucial problem and the effectiveness of prevention measures by law enforcement is essential.
Концептологія як методологія пізнання у сучасних гуманітарних і суспільних науках: загальна характеристика
Authors: Жук Наталія
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена дослідженню концептології як актуальної та витребуваної сучасними гуманітарними і суспільними науками методології пізнання. ей аналіз здійснений через загальну характеристику концептології як трансдисциплінарного напрямку когнітивної науки, у тому числі, через висвітлення її ключового понятійно-категоріального апарату, феноменальну основу якого складає терміно-поняття «концепт» як унікальна структура знання матеріально-трансцедентного характеру.
Місцеве самоврядування в умовах становлення громадянського суспільства в Україні
Authors: Герасіна Людмила
Published: January 2025

У статті аналізується співвідношення громадянського суспільства і місцевого самоврядування. Доводиться, що самоврядування як найближчий до людини інститут публічної влади є важливим елементом демократії, фактором розвитку громадянського суспільства та необхідним етапом у будівництві правової держави. Громадянське суспільство та місцеве самоврядування є тими об’єктивними цінностями, завдяки розвитку яких закладаються та розвиваються найважливіші засади суспільної свободи та соціальної справедливості соціуму. Обґрунтовано, що у контексті політологічного аналізу «формат» демократичного місцевого самоврядування представлений деякими основними ознаками. По-перше, це функція перерозподілу державної влади, її децентралізація та мінімізація ролі держави у вирішенні місцевих проблем. Як із видів публічної влади місцеве самоврядування має слугувати найповнішому розкриттю, самовираженню особистостей, що складають таку функціональну організацію. По-друге, відображаючи весь спектр інтересів різних соціальних груп, рухів і громадських організацій, органи місцевого самоврядування здатні гнучко і адекватно реагувати на соціальні напруження, що накопичуються, і керувати ними. По-третє, маючи значні ресурси, місцеве самоврядування має можливість з урахуванням місцевих особливостей розвивати економічну, соціальну, політичну, духовну інфраструктуру, забезпечувати зростання політичної участі громадян, створювати механізми дієвого громадського контролю і тим самим уособлювати демократію.
Navigating through the Cosmos: a Discourse on Evolving Decentralized Space Governance amidst Ukraine’s Martial Reality and European Integration
Authors: Костенко Інеса
Published: January 2025

This research elucidates the pivotal role and urgent necessity of developing decentralized space governance within Ukraine’s complex sociopolitical and conflict-laden context, aiming towards potent collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA). Within the throes of persistent conflict and with a conspicuous absence of a decentralized administrative mechanism in space activities, Ukraine finds its space sector at a critical juncture. The study navigates through the fundamental and evolutionary aspects of space governance, highlighting the indispensable nature of a nuanced approach to rule formulation, implementation, and revision within space activities. In the backdrop of war and strategic national evolution towards European integration, scientific and space explorations have not only ascended to prominence in post-war reconstruction but also emerged as critical components within the nation’s strategic advancement. The existing centralized systems expose the nation’s space activities to amplified risks, such as susceptibility to conflict-induced disruptions and logistical challenges, thus underscoring the exigency for a shift towards decentralization as a viable risk mitigation and management strategy. This research emphasizes that decentralization stands out as a cardinal theme in strengthening and safeguarding Ukraine’s burgeoning space sector. he potential to dilute research, development, and projects across various regional and institutional entities inherently mediates potential risks and logistical hurdles, subsequently sowing seeds for innovation and ensuring a robust, diversified, and forward-moving developmental trajectory of the space sector. Moreover, promoting a decentralized paradigm not only propels technological and exploratory advancements but also nurtures an inclusive development of the space sector by enhancing participation across various stakeholders. The pivotal discourse thereby brings forth a perspective that seeks to pivot Ukraine from its current centralized frameworks towards a more adaptable and resilient decentralized governance model in its space sector, especially within the crucible of its martial reality and the aim towards European integration.
Теоретико-правові підходи сучасного осмислення прав людини
Authors: Рабінович Сергій
Published: January 2025

Статтю присвячено обґрунтуванню розуміння основних прав людини як джерела права. Основна увага приділяється аналізу аргументів з прав людини як чинного права. Зроблено висновок щодо змісту основних прав та свобод, їх обсягу, ролі судової та адміністративної практики. Зазначено, що права людини визначають вертикальні відносини між людиною та державою і є знаряддям обмеження влади. Визначення цих прав у правовому акті забезпечує значно надійніші гарантії їхньої реалізації. Права людини тлумачаться і як засади конституційного ладу, і як базис громадянського суспільства та основа сучасної цивілізації. з врахуванням таких підходів щодо осмислення прав людини та їх інтерпретації права людини можна визначити як дефініцію, що міцно пов’язана зі свободою індивіда та є його основою, поняття, яке також відображає цінність і гідність людини й водночас її вимоги мати певні можливості (суб’єктивні права), які дають змогу зробити життя цієї людини справді гідним.
A Study on the Experience of Overcoming the Divorce Crisis of Women with Alcoholic Spouse
Authors:   Korean Council Soc Welfare Edu, Choi Mi Ran
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore how woman with alcoholic spouse overcomes the divorce crisis facing her marriage with husband. A total of five cases were selected as subjects of the study and the necessary data were collected through one-to-one in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed by Creswell (2021)’s case study method. According to the research procedure, In-case analysis and inter-case analysis were applied. In the in-case analysis, the experience process of overcoming the divorce crisis in the context of the life of the cases was explored. In the inter-case analysis, the integrated themes involving ‘Husband’s excessive drinking awareness’, ‘Confusion about married life’, ‘Another problem derived from alcohol’, ‘Negative awareness about husband’, ‘Divorce wish’, ‘Divorce worry’, ‘Support system’, ‘Understanding of husband’, ‘Change of husband’, ‘Reorganization of self’, ‘From dependence to independence’, ‘Establishing relationship between communication and compromise’ were extracted based on the common feature in the case analysis. Based on the results of the study, the researcher suggested some practical implications such as confirmation of ambivalence about divorce, support for independent self-formation, pre-marital education and active intervention in family violence to overcome the divorce crisis of women with alcoholic spouses.