bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After Aylan Kurdi: How Tweeting About Death, Threat, and Harm Predict Increased Expressions of Solidarity With Refugees Over Time
Authors: Smith Laura G. E. , McGarty Craig , Thomas Emma F.
Published: February 2018

Viral social media content has been heralded for its power to transform policy, but online responses are often derided as “slacktivism.” This raises the questions of what drives viral communications and what is their effect on support for social change. We addressed these issues in relation to Twitter discussions about Aylan Kurdi, a child refugee who died en route to the European Union. We developed a longitudinal paradigm to analyze 41,253 tweets posted 1 week before the images of Aylan Kurdi emerged, the week they emerged, and 10 weeks afterward—at the time of the Paris terror attacks. Tweeting about death before the images emerged predicted tweeting about Aylan Kurdi, and this, sustained by discussion of harm and threat, predicted the expression of solidarity with refugees 10 weeks later. Results suggest that processes of normative conflict and communication can be intertwined in promoting support for social change.
The family working-time model: Towards more gender equality in work and care
Authors: Müller Kai-Uwe , Neumann Michael , Wrohlich Katharina
Published: February 2018

Since the millennium, the labour market participation of women and mothers is increasing across European countries. Several work/care policy measures underlie this evolution. At the same time, the labour market behaviour of fathers, as well as their involvement in care work, is relatively unchanging, meaning that employed mothers are facing an increased burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working-time model that incentivizes fathers and mothers to both work in extended part-time employment. It provides a benefit in the form of a lump-sum transfer or income replacement for each parent if, and only if, both parents work 30 hours/week. Thus, it explicitly addresses fathers and – contrary to most conventional family policies – actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining microsimulation and labour supply estimation, we empirically analyse the potential of the family working-time model in the German context. The relatively small share of families already choosing the symmetric distribution of about 30 working hours would increase by 60 percent. By showing that a lump-sum transfer especially benefits low-income families, we contribute to the debate about redistributive implications of family policies. The basic principles of the model generalize to other European countries where families increasingly desire an equal distribution of employment and care. In order to enhance the impact of such a policy, employers’ norms and workplace culture as well as the supply of high-quality childcare must catch up with changing workforce preferences.
Challenges for child support schemes: Accounting for shared care and complex families
Authors: Claessens Elke , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: February 2018

The increasing prevalence of shared care and complex families is challenging traditional approaches to child support determination based on the ‘classic’ two-parent, sole custody, post-divorce family. This article provides a comparative analysis of how these challenges are being addressed in the child support schemes of eight different countries and evaluates these approaches in the light of family policies on gender equality in family care. We find great diversity in the incorporation of shared care and complex families, which is not clearly connected to existing ideal typical policy models on gendered family care. However, child support schemes, at least partially, seem to translate into assumptions concerning gender roles and general policy aims concerning gender equality. In order to better understand how countries accommodate the challenges arising from the modern post-separation family, gender equality seems a vital consideration to take into account.
Fault indicators and unique mode-dependent state equations from a fixed-causality diagnostic bond graph of linear models with ideal switches
Authors: Borutzky Wolfgang
Published: February 2018

Analytical redundancy relations are fundamental in model-based fault detection and isolation. Their numerical evaluation yields a residual that may serve as a fault indicator. Considering switching linear time-invariant system models that use ideal switches, it is shown that analytical redundancy relations can be systematically deduced from a diagnostic bond graph with fixed causalities that hold for all modes of operation. Moreover, as to a faultless system, the presented bond graph–based approach enables to deduce a unique implicit state equation with coefficients that are functions of the discrete switch states. Devices or phenomena with fast state transitions, for example, electronic diodes and transistors, clutches, or hard mechanical stops are often represented by ideal switches which give rise to variable causalities. However, in the presented approach, fixed causalities are assigned only once to a diagnostic bond graph. That is, causal strokes at switch ports in the diagnostic bond graph reflect only the switch-state configuration in a specific system mode. The actual discrete switch states are implicitly taken into account by the discrete values of the switch moduli. The presented approach starts from a diagnostic bond graph with fixed causalities and from a partitioning of the bond graph junction structure and systematically deduces a set of equations that determines the wanted residuals. Elimination steps result in analytical redundancy relations in which the states of the storage elements and the outputs of the ideal switches are unknowns. For the later two unknowns, the approach produces an implicit differential algebraic equations system. For illustration of the general matrix-based approach, an electromechanical system and two small electronic circuits are considered. Their equations are directly derived from a diagnostic bond graph by following causal paths and are reformulated so that they conform with the matrix equations obtained by the formal approach based on a partitioning of the bond graph junction structure. For one of the three mode-switching examples, a fault scenario has been simulated.
Fund Manager Performance in Emerging Market: Factor Specialisation and Financial Crisis Impact
Authors: Galloppo Giuseppe , Aliano Mauro
Published: February 2018

In the branch of literature dealing with analysis of the consistency of management styles, this article investigates the relation between portfolio concentration and the performance of emerging market equity funds. Unlike previous studies, on global and US mutual fund, we focus on emerging markets equity, finding funds with higher levels of tracking error, display lower performance than funds with less diversified portfolios when we do not take into account specific concentration in holdings in different multifactor style. The explanatory power of local models that use local explanatory returns is recently investigated by De Groot, Pang and Swinkels (2012), Cakici, Fabozzi and Tan (2013) and Fama and French (2012). Following the same research line, the most remarkable finding of this article is that the fund-picking process, only based on the level of track error from a broad benchmark, can contribute to disappointing results when it is not also accompanied by information about the fund concentration in multiple market segment. According to the previous work, overall, we found that local factor market model provides quite good representation of local average returns for portfolios formed on size and style factors. The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, we examined emerging market funds from the perspective of active management and second, under the effect of strategies mentioned in Huij and Derwall (2011). Moreover, as additional analysis with respect to most of the previous papers, we also tested the effects of the crisis that we found to have not affected the main result.
Changes in Life Expectancy From 2006 to 2015 in Suzhou, East China: Contributions of Age- and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Huang Chunyan , Zhao Xinyuan , Lu Yan , Wang Linchi , Hu Yihe , Zhang Jun , Huang Qiaoliang , Chen Gang
Published: February 2018

This study was designed to estimate the contribution of age- and disease-specific mortality, particularly that attributable to chronic noncommunicable diseases and at-birth life expectancy (LE) in Suzhou, East China, between 2006 and 2015. In total, data on 427 290 deaths were analyzed. From 2006 to 2015, the at-birth LE increased from 78.92 years to 82.87 years in Suzhou. A decrease in all-cause age-specific death rates contributed to an increase of 1.98 years. The decreased death rates attributable to noncommunicable diseases including cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases resulted in an increased LE of 1.37 years, which was particularly pronounced among people aged 65 years and older. However, the prevalence of cancer in those aged 45 to 74 years, particularly gastric, liver, and esophageal cancers, contributed the most to the increase in LE. These data may be useful for public health communications.
An algorithm for managing adults who refuse medical treatment in New South Wales
Authors: Cheng Kylie , Wand Anne , Ryan Christopher , Callaghan Sascha
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

The assessment and management of a patient who refuses medical treatment requires clinical skill, and consideration of the relevant law and the patient’s decision-making capacity. Psychiatrists are often asked to advise in these situations. We aimed to develop an algorithm describing the relevant legal pathways to assist clinicians, especially psychiatrists, working in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods:

We reviewed the academic literature on treatment refusal, relevant legislation, judicial rulings and NSW Health policy directives and guidelines. We consulted with clinicians and representatives of relevant tribunals.

Results:

We developed an algorithm for managing patients who refuse medical treatment in NSW. The algorithm emphases the evaluation of decision-making capacity and tracks separate pathways depending upon a person’s status under the Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW).

Conclusions:

The algorithm provides a clear decision tree for clinicians responding to a patient refusing medical treatment in NSW.
An Intercenter Comparison of Nasolabial Appearance Including a Center Using Nasoalveolar Molding
Authors: Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit , Mercado Ana , Daskalogiannakis John , Hathaway Ronald , Russell Kathleen , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William , Lamichane Manish , Cohen Marilyn , Long Ross E.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To compare nasolabial appearance outcomes of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) in preadolescence from 4 cleft centers including a center using nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and primary nasal reconstruction.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Four cleft centers in North America.

Patients:

135 subjects with repaired CUCLP.

Methods:

Frontal and profile facial pictures were assessed using the Asher-McDade rating scale. Intra- and interrater reliability were tested using weighted Kappa statistics. Median scores by center were compared with Kruskal-Wallis statistics.

Results:

Intrarater reliability scores were moderate to good. Interrater reliability scores were moderate. Significant differences ( P < .05) among centers were found. For nasal form, center G (median = 2.83) had better scores than centers C and D (C median = 3.33, D median = 3.17). For nose symmetry, center G had better scores (median = 2.33) than all other centers (B median = 2.67, C median = 2.83, D median = 2.83). For vermillion border, center G had better scores (median = 2.58) than centers B and C (B median = 3.17, C median = 3.17). For nasolabial profile, center G (median score = 2.67) had better scores than center C (median = 3.00). For total nasolabial score, center G (median = 2.67) had better scores than all other centers (B median = 2.83, C median = 3, D median = 2.83).

Conclusion:

The protocol followed by center G, the only center that performed NAM and primary nasal reconstruction, produced better results in all categories when compared to center C, the only center that did not perform presurgical orthopedics or lip/nose revisions. When compared to centers that performed traditional presurgical orthopedics and surgical revisions (B and D), center G was not consistently better in all categories. As with other uncontrolled, retrospective intercenter studies, it is not possible to attribute the outcomes to a specific protocol component.
Access to Decent and Meaningful Work in a Sexual Minority Population
Authors: Allan Blake A. , Tebbe Elliot A. , Bouchard Lauren M. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: February 2018

People who identify as sexual minorities consistently face barriers to decent and meaningful employment, especially when coupled with additional constraints such as low socioeconomic status or marginalization experiences. Drawing from the psychology of working theory as our theoretical framework, this study examined the relations of economic constraints (social class) and marginalization (negative sexual minority workplace climate) to work volition, decent work, and meaningful work with a sample of working adults identifying with sexual minority identities. Consistent with hypotheses, social class and workplace climate indirectly predicted decent work, via work volition, and workplace climate also directly predicted decent work. Decent work and work volition were each direct predictors of meaningful work and decent work partially mediated the relation of work volition to meaningful work. Results highlight the importance of advocacy and adequate workplace supports for sexual minority individuals.
Acute autoimmune myocarditis and hepatitis due to ipilimumab monotherapy for malignant melanoma
Authors: Samara Yazeed , Yu Chun Lai , Dasanu Constantin A
Published: February 2018

An important agent in melanoma therapy, ipilimumab is associated with autoimmune toxicity. Two cases of autoimmune pericarditis and large pericardial effusion have been documented with its use. Reports of myocardial toxicity have surfaced with this agent, mainly when used in combination with PD1 blockade. We present herein a case of autoimmune myocarditis leading to biventricular failure after four doses of IV ipilimumab 3 mg/kg as a single agent. Furthermore, this toxic effect may be anticipated with PD1 inhibitors. Increased clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and steroid therapy are crucial to ensure a favorable clinical outcome.
The Role of Close Relationships in Terror Management: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Plusnin Nicholas , Pepping Christopher A. , Kashima Emiko S.
Published: February 2018

Terror management theory outlines how humans seek self-esteem and worldview validation to manage death-related anxiety. Accumulating evidence reveals that close relationships serve a similar role. However, to date, there has been no synthesis of the literature that delineates when close relationships buffer mortality concerns, under what conditions, on which specific outcomes, and for whom. This systematic review presents over two decades of research to address these questions. Findings from 73 reviewed studies revealed that close relationships serve an important role in buffering death-related anxiety. A range of dispositional and situational moderating factors influence either the activation or inhibition of relational strivings to manage heightened death awareness, the most influential being attachment, gender, and relationship-contingent self-esteem. These findings were integrated into an overarching model that highlights some of the conditions under which mortality salience (MS) influences relational outcomes. We conclude by highlighting a range of theoretical and methodological concerns to be addressed by future research.
Design of urban furniture to enhance the soundscape: A case study
Authors: Fusaro Gioia , D’Alessandro Francesco , Baldinelli Giorgio , Kang Jian
Published: February 2018

In modern urban scenarios, all the aspects of the historical heritage, including public open spaces and ancient buildings, have to meet the high increase of density of infrastructures and constructions, with the consequent change of visual and sound environments. This in turn affects people’s quality of life. Because of the growing interest on this problem, this study investigates the relationship between soundscape and design solutions for urban furniture, considering technical and environmental feasibility of the designing process, from the materials characteristics, to the acoustic and psychoacoustic impact of the tool on the user. The process includes the acoustic suitability of three-dimensional printing materials, the suitability of acoustic design using software simulation, the experimental assessment of the performance of the three-dimensional printed prototype and the statistical evaluation of the chosen studying parameters and conditions. This article describes all the stages of the designing process, with a focus on the study of shapes and volumes of the prototype and on its impact on the user’s perception. FEM simulations and experimental tests performed in a semi-anechoic chamber allowed to validate the design process. These analyses proved that the designed prototype of urban furniture can not only positively influence the physical environment but also the psychoacoustic perception of it.
Investment–cash flow sensitivities of restaurant firms
Authors: Choi Serin , Lee Seoki , Choi Kyuwan , Sun Kyung-A
Published: February 2018

Although some theories argued that investment decisions are irrelevant to financing decisions under the assumption of perfect market, investment decisions and capital structure seem interdependent in real-world circumstances. Further, the past literature also suggested a close relationship between internal cash flows and investment decisions, that is, investment–cash flow sensitivity (ICFS), but this issue has not been closely examined in the restaurant setting. Therefore, the current study first proposes to examine ICFS in the context of the restaurant industry. More importantly, this study also examines a moderating role of franchising to better explain ICFS, considering a major role of franchising in the restaurant industry, based on theories of pecking order, resource scarcity, and risk sharing. Findings of the current study deepens the understanding of ICFS via franchising, making meaningful contributions to not only to existing ICFS literature but also restaurant franchising literature.
Behaviour change techniques in physical activity interventions for men with prostate cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Hallward Laura , Patel Nisha , Duncan Lindsay R
Published: February 2018

Physical activity interventions can improve prostate cancer survivors’ health. Determining the behaviour change techniques used in physical activity interventions can help elucidate the mechanisms by which an intervention successfully changes behaviour. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate behaviour change techniques in physical activity interventions for prostate cancer survivors. A total of 7 databases were searched and 15 studies were retained. The studies included a mean 6.87 behaviour change techniques (range = 3–10), and similar behaviour change techniques were implemented in all studies. Consideration of how behaviour change techniques are implemented may help identify how behaviour change techniques enhance physical activity interventions for prostate cancer survivors.
Barriers to a healthy lifestyle for three- to four-year-old children of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with post-gestational diabetes: An Australian qualitative study
Authors: Zulfiqar Tehzeeb , Nolan Christopher J , Banwell Cathy , Young Rosemary , Boisseau Lynelle , Ingle Martha , Lithander Fiona E
Published: February 2018

Children of mothers affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of long-term cardio-metabolic diseases. We explore the diet and physical activity knowledge and practices of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with GDM history, for their three- to four-year-old children following antenatal health promotion education at a tertiary hospital. We conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 8 Australian-born and 15 overseas-born mothers with a history of GDM. Findings indicated that mothers of both groups were unaware of the increased health risks of their GDM for their children and could not recall receiving specific dietary or physical activity advice aimed at future child health. Their understanding of the diet and physical activity recommendations was inconsistent. Mothers of both groups expressed concern about the lack of reiteration of child health promotion messages following childbirth, particularly at postnatal follow-up visits. Diet and physical activity of the children of overseas-born mothers were adversely affected by inadequate maternal understanding of the recommendations due to language barriers, and child weight, healthy eating, and physical activity patterns derived from their home countries. We recommend enhanced health education for women with GDM on the future child health risks and their reduction by healthy lifestyle choices. This needs to be culturally relevant and reiterated after pregnancy.
Searching for public value in innovation coordination: How the Eurovision Song Contest was used to innovate the public service media model in Estonia
Authors: Ibrus Indrek , Rohn Ulrike , Nanì Alessandro
Published: February 2018

This article addresses the ‘wicked’ problems met by contemporary public service media (PSM) institutions: to address the fragmentation of audiences across platforms; to have a positive impact on civil society and societal coherence; to facilitate cultural diversity; and to work with private creative industries and facilitate their growth. These objectives can be reduced to a conflict in producing both public and private value. In this article, we build on the combination of innovation systems theory and public value theory to investigate the interrelationships between the production of these different forms of value. Our case study is Estonia’s national pre-selection competition for the Eurovision Song Contest, which is innovative in terms of its cross-media framing and its approach to working with private partners to facilitate the development of the Estonian popular music system.
Research on the mechanical characteristics and calculation method of concrete cavity shear wall
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Aiqun
Published: February 2018

A series of non-linear analyses is presented in this article investigating the differences in mechanical characteristics of the common concrete shear wall, the concrete shear wall with concealed vertical slits, and the concrete cavity shear wall under monotonic loading. The numerical analyses define monotonic capacity curves and ductility. The results indicate that reasonable matching can be achieved in stiffness, capacity, and ductility, and non-linear behavior can be improved in cavity shear wall by changing the parameters of the cavity. A theoretical model of cavity shear wall structure is proposed to estimate the lateral displacement curve and the equivalent lateral stiffness. The effectiveness of the theoretical formula was validated by the results from numerical models with different parameters. The influence of cavity parameters on equivalent lateral stiffness is discussed, and the effect of different parameters is investigated. The results indicate that equivalent lateral stiffness of the shear wall can be reduced by increasing the length or the thickness of the cavity; the cavity’s effect on squat shear walls is significantly larger than that on slender walls.
Experimental analysis of vibration control algorithms applied for an off-road vehicle with magnetorheological dampers
Authors: Krauze Piotr , Kasprzyk Jerzy , Kozyra Andrzej , Rzepecki Jaroslaw
Published: February 2018

The paper presents an experimental analysis of the selected feedback vibration control schemes dedicated to magnetorheological dampers, related to ride comfort and road holding. They were applied in a complex vibration control system installed in a commercially available off-road vehicle. Original shock-absorbers of the vehicle were replaced with magnetorheological dampers. The control system takes advantage of numerous sensors installed in the vehicle tracking its motion, i.e. accelerometers, suspension deflection sensors (linear variable differential transformer) and IMU module. Vibration control algorithms: Skyhook, PI, and Groundhook were tested experimentally using mechanical exciters adapted for diagnosis of a vehicle suspension system. Since the presented semi-active vibration control requires the magnetorheological damper inverse model to be applied, accurate operation of this model significantly influences the quality of vibration control. Therefore, additional analysis was related to application of measurements from accelerometers or suspension deflection sensors in the inverse model. Presented variants of control algorithms were compared by means of transmissibility characteristics evaluated in the frequency domain as well as using ride-comfort- and driving-safety-related quality indices. It was confirmed that the Skyhook control as well as PI improved ride comfort, whereas Groundhook control improved road holding and decreases vibration of the wheels. Furthermore, it was shown that both approaches to the relative velocity estimation, based on accelerometers and linear variable differential transformers, can be used in this application. However, the first solution gives better results in the case of the Skyhook and PI control, whereas application of LVDT sensors is better for the Groundhook algorithm.
Performance and reliability testing of an active mooring system for peak load reduction
Authors: Luxmoore Jamie F , Thies Philipp R , Grey Simon , Newsam David , Johanning Lars
Published: February 2018

Offshore renewable energy systems are generally required to operate in exposed offshore locations for long deployment periods at low cost. This requires innovative new mooring system solutions to go beyond the existing offshore industry designs. A number of novel mooring systems have recently been proposed which decouple mooring line compliance and minimum breaking load, offering multiple benefits to designers. Demonstrating reliability for such highly novel systems where standards do not yet exist is a common problem both for mooring systems specifically and in offshore renewable applications generally. A performance and reliability test method is proposed here and is applied to a novel mooring system, the Intelligent Active Mooring System. The line stiffness and damping properties of Intelligent Active Mooring System can be optimised to the prevailing metocean conditions without compromising minimum breaking load; the pre-tension is also adjustable for tidal range compensation or for service access. The article presents the results of a feasibility study for Intelligent Active Mooring System including detailed, large-scale physical performance tests that demonstrate load reductions under normal operating and extreme sea state conditions. The rationale and findings for an accelerated reliability test regime that quantifies the ultimate load capacity of the component and gives insight into the governing failure modes are also presented. The presented test approach provides assurance for the overall system integrity.
Long-term fatigue damage sensitivity to wave directionality in extra-large monopile foundations
Authors: Horn Jan-Tore , Krokstad Jørgen R , Amdahl Jørgen
Published: February 2018

The fatigue damage sensitivity to wave directionality on large-diameter monopile foundations for use in the offshore wind turbine industry is investigated. A frequency-domain approach with the Dirlik method is used to estimate fatigue damage and to evaluate the effect of wave spreading and swell separation compared to a total sea representation. To evaluate the long-term impact, 30 years of hindcast data from the Dogger Bank area are used. Furthermore, a computationally efficient time-domain model of a 10-MW offshore wind turbine is used to compare with the frequency-domain results. Results show that benefits in terms of structural fatigue can be obtained with directional considerations.
Power production assessment for wave energy converters: Overcoming the perils of the power matrix
Authors: Mérigaud Alexis , Ringwood John V
Published: February 2018

Wave energy converter power production assessment, usually carried out using a power matrix, is essential for the appraisal of new wave energy converter technologies and for the planning of specific wave energy projects. Errors in power assessment may arise, both from an inaccurate description of the wave energy converter dynamics and from an excessively simplified representation of wave spectra in the power matrix approach. Ideally, the wave energy converter output should be computed in every individual sea state of the wave dataset considered, without the assumption of any parametric spectral shape. However, computationally efficient methods are necessary to achieve such extensive wave energy converter simulation. The non-linear frequency-domain technique is significantly faster than Runge–Kutta time-domain simulations, without affecting the representation of radiation forces and non-linear dynamics. In this article, the two main sources of errors in wave energy converter power assessment, namely the power matrix representation and wave energy converter modelling inaccuracies, are jointly studied and put into perspective, using four case studies (two wave energy converter systems in two locations). It is found that both types of errors can be of comparable magnitude. The non-linear frequency-domain technique simulation technique is shown to be a computationally efficient tool, retaining a realistic representation of the device dynamics while avoiding the use of a power matrix, thus preserving accurate representation of both the sea states and the wave energy converter, at little computational expense. Aside from those main results, the issue of the length and number of simulations, necessary to achieve average power estimates with sufficient accuracy in every sea state, is addressed in detail.
In Defence of Political Parties: A Symposium on Jonathan White and Lea Ypi’s The Meaning of Partisanship
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , White Jonathan , Leman Ypi Lea , Calder Gideon , Donovan Mark , Roberts Peri , Vincent Andrew , Williams Howard
Published: February 2018

Over the past 10 years, the literature on the normative dimensions of partisanship and party politics has rapidly grown. Yet, however rich and diverse, this literature lacked so far a single text able to comprehensively map the contours of the existing debates and, at the same time, open up a range of future research avenues. Jonathan White and Lea Ypi’s The Meaning of Partisanship does an excellent job at fulfilling both tasks. First, it offers a wide-ranging and sustained engagement with key debates in the history of political thought, contemporary democratic theory and analytical political philosophy. Second, it opens up new areas of research ranging from partisanship across time to revolutionary and transnational partisanship. In this symposium, White and Ypi re-examine some of the book’s main themes by responding to the commentaries offered by six political theorists.
Accuracy of flash glucose monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring technologies: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Ajjan Ramzi A , Cummings Michael H , Jennings Peter , Leelarathna Lalantha , Rayman Gerry , Wilmot Emma G
Published: February 2018

Continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring technologies measure glucose in the interstitial fluid and are increasingly used in diabetes care. Their accuracy, key to effective glycaemic management, is usually measured using the mean absolute relative difference of the interstitial fluid sensor compared to reference blood glucose readings. However, mean absolute relative difference is not standardised and has limitations. This review aims to provide a consensus opinion on assessing accuracy of interstitial fluid glucose sensing technologies. Mean absolute relative difference is influenced by glucose distribution and rate of change; hence, we express caution on the reliability of comparing mean absolute relative difference data from different study systems and conditions. We also review the pitfalls associated with mean absolute relative difference at different glucose levels and explore additional ways of assessing accuracy of interstitial fluid devices. Importantly, much data indicate that current practice of assessing accuracy of different systems based on individualised mean absolute relative difference results has limitations, which have potential clinical implications. Healthcare professionals must understand the factors that influence mean absolute relative difference as a metric for accuracy and look at additional assessments, such as consensus error grid analysis, when evaluating continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring systems in diabetes care. This in turn will ensure that management decisions based on interstitial fluid sensor data are both effective and safe.
The relationship of perivascular adipose tissue and atherosclerosis in the aorta and carotid arteries, determined by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Alkhalil Mohammad , Edmond Evan , Edgar Laurienne , Digby Janet E , Omar Omar , Robson Matthew D , Choudhury Robin P
Published: February 2018

Background and aims:

Imaging studies have relied on the ‘overall’ volumetric quantification of perivascular adipose tissue. We sought to assess the relationship of circumferential distribution between perivascular adipose tissue and adjacent wall thickness of carotid and aortic arteries using dedicated magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

Methods:

Vessel wall and perivascular adipose tissue were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T). Co-registered images were segmented separately, and measurements of both perivascular adipose tissue and vessel wall were obtained along radii of the vessel spaced at angles of 5° each.

Results:

In total, 29 patients were recruited. Perivascular adipose tissue thickness of the aorta was 3.34 ± 0.79 mm with specific pattern of ‘double peaks’ distribution, while carotid perivascular adipose tissue had no identifiable pattern with thickness of 0.8 ± 0.91 mm. Although statistically significant, the correlation between perivascular adipose tissue thickness and wall thickness in carotid arteries with normal (r = 0.040, p = 0.001) or with abnormal wall thickness (r = –0.039, p = 0.015) was merely nominal. Similarly, perivascular adipose tissue of the aorta had very weak correlation with normal aortic wall thickness (r = 0.010, p = 0.008) but not with the abnormal ones (r = −0.05, p = 0.29).

Conclusion:

Dissociation between the spatial distribution of perivascular adipose tissue and arterial wall thickening in the aorta and carotid arteries does not support that perivascular adipose tissue has a causal role in promoting atherosclerotic plaque via a paracrine route. Yet, perivascular adipose tissue functional properties were not examined in this study.
When Feelings Matter: Affect as a Mediator Between Motivational Regulation and Work Intentions
Authors: Lion Robert W. , Burch Tyler
Published: February 2018

The Problem.

Human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners alike are faced with the challenging task of accounting for the variables that influence the efficacy of the person in the workplace. Without a better understanding of the nature of the relationships between cognition and affect within the work domain, practitioners continue to struggle with accurately understanding how an individual’s motivational regulation impacts work intentions and organizational performance.

The Solution.

This study aims to provide new information on the mediating role state-specific affect plays in workplace-specific motivational outlooks to aid scholars and practitioners in more effectively diagnosing performance deficiencies, as well as influencing the selection and design of more-appropriate and sustainable performance improving interventions.

The Stakeholders.

Professionals in positions of power and influence are tasked with leading their people to meet organizational goals and outcomes. Without consideration of the various factors that may influence employee behaviors, such as motivational outlooks and state affect, leaders risk misappropriating valuable resources, such as time and energy.
Interpreting Action Research Arm Test Assessment Scores to Plan Treatment
Authors: Grattan Emily S. , Velozo Craig A. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Page Stephen J. , Woodbury Michelle L.
Published: February 2018

Rasch keyforms can help interpret clinical assessment scores. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a commonly used assessment, yet no keyform currently exists. The aim is to provide a keyform for the ARAT and demonstrate how a clinician can use the keyform to design optimally challenging rehabilitation sessions. Secondary analysis of ARAT data ( n = 122) using confirmatory factor and Rasch analyses were used to examine the measurement properties and generate a keyform. The item standardized factor loadings were >0.40 (range = 0.82-0.96) and R2 values were >.60 (range = .65-.96). All items exhibited adequate infit statistics with point measure correlations >.60 (range = .72-.97). Person reliability was .98, and person separation was 7.07. Item-difficulty measures ranged from −2.78 logits to 2.64 logits. The ARAT has strong measurement properties, and a keyform was provided. We showed how the keyform can be utilized by clinicians to interpret scores, set goals, and plan treatment.
Examining Guided and Directed Cues in Strategy Training and Usual Rehabilitation
Authors: Rouch Stephanie , Skidmore Elizabeth R.
Published: February 2018

Therapist approach and feedback during rehabilitation may influence patient outcomes. It is unclear how much guided cueing, the approach used in strategy training, is present in usual rehabilitation care. We compared the frequency of guided and directed cueing in strategy training sessions with cueing in usual care occupational and physical therapy. We videotaped strategy training, occupational therapy, and physical therapy sessions among 20 patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. Using a standardized coding scheme, we coded and analyzed frequencies of therapists’ cues (guided or directed). The proportion of guided cues was significantly higher in strategy training intervention (42%) compared with occupational therapy (4%) and physical therapy (3%). Preliminary research suggests that guided cueing may be more prevalent in strategy training than in usual care. Given that guided cueing provides more opportunity for patients to take an active role in their rehabilitation, guided cueing may lead to superior outcomes.
Design, modeling, and robust control of the flexible rotor to pass the first bending critical speed with active magnetic bearing
Authors: Ran Shaolin , Hu Yefa , Wu Huachun
Published: February 2018

Recently, magnetic bearings have been applied to many rotating machines such as turbo-molecular pumps, cooling gas compressor, flywheel energy storage systems. And high-power density is the future development trend of these machines, which demands that the rotor characterizes slender and high rotating speed and operates above the critical speeds. However, it is a big challenge for a flexible rotor to pass the bending critical speeds and operate above the critical speeds steadily and reliably. Based on above reasons, this article presented the design, modeling, and analysis framework of a flexible rotor test rig with active magnetic bearing (AMB). Special attention was paid to the flexible rotor dynamic model development, dynamic analysis, and model-based robust control design. First, the main structure features were illustrated in detail, including the key dimensions and parameters of the AMB components and rotor. Then models of components including power amplifier and displacement sensor were developed. The finite element method based on Timoshenko beam theory was applied to the rotor dynamics model. The dynamic analysis of the rotor is the foundation of the controller design. Hence, modal analysis had been done, obtaining rotor dynamic properties via synthesis of natural frequency, mode shapes, and Campbell plots. Reduced order model was obtained for controller design convenience. A robust H∞ controller was designed based on the system model and controller performance was validated with numerical simulation. The results indicate that the controller has good vibration suppression performance and makes the flexible rotor pass the first bending critical speed.
North American Forest Futures 2018–2090: Scenarios for Building a More Resilient Forest Sector
Authors: Bengston David N. , Peck Jonathan , Olson Robert , Barros Melissa , Birdsey Richard A. , Williams Daniel R. , Leyva Reyes Juan Carlos , José Zamudio Francisco
Published: February 2018

North American forests and forest management institutions are experiencing a wide range of significant ecological disturbances and socioeconomic changes, which point to the need for enhanced resilience. A critical capacity for resilience in institutions is strategic foresight. This article reports on a project of the North American Forest Commission to use Futures Research to enhance the resilience of forest management institutions in North America. The Aspirational Futures Method was used to develop four alternative scenarios for the future of North American forests and forestry agencies: (1) an extrapolation of current trends into the expectable future titled Stressed Forests, (2) a scenario of growing desperation titled Megadisturbances Call for Military Intervention, (3) a high aspiration future titled High Tech Transformation and Cooperation, and (4) an alternative pathway to a highly preferable future titled Cultural Transformation Embraces Indigenous Values. These scenarios will be used in discussions and futures exercises with forestry leaders to develop foresight and assure that plans are responsive to the challenges and opportunities ahead.
Rapid increases in nitrogen oxides are associated with acute myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study
Authors: Rasche Marius , Walther Mario , Schiffner Rene , Kroegel Nasim , Rupprecht Sven , Schlattmann Peter , Schulze P Christian , Franzke Peter , Witte Otto W , Schwab Matthias , Rakers Florian
Published: February 2018

Aims

High concentrations of air pollutants are associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction. The European Union has defined statutory limits for air pollutants based on upper absolute concentrations. We evaluated the association between rapid changes in air pollutants and the risk of myocardial infarction independently of absolute concentrations.

Methods and results

Using a hospital-based case-crossover study, effects of 24h changes of nitrogen oxides (NOX/2), particulate matter (PM10), and ozone on the risk of myocardial infarction was assessed in 693 patients. In the overall population, increases of NOX of more than 20 µg/m3 within 24 h were associated with an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction by up to 121% (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–4.08). Comparably, rapid increases of NO2 of more than 8 µg/m3 tended to increase myocardial infarction risk by 73% (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.91–3.28) while myocardial infarction risk decreased by 60% after a decrease of NO2 concentration of more than 8 µg/m3 (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.21–0.77), suggesting a close-to-linear association. While results for ozone concentrations were ambiguous, rapid change in PM10 was not associated with myocardial infarction risk.

Conclusion

Dynamics and extent of increase in nitrogen oxide concentrations may be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. As there are currently no European Union statutory limits reflecting this dynamic variation of air pollutants on a daily basis, the results urgently call for confirming studies in different geographical regions to verify the observations.
Conference report SysMus 2016
Authors: Kayser Diana , Akkermans Jessica , Douglass-Kirk Pedro
Published: February 2018

Each year students from all over the world come together to share and discuss their knowledge on varying topics from the field of systematic musicology at the SysMus Conference. The 9th edition of this conference series, organised by students for students, took place in the idyllic town of Jyväskylä in Finland, and therefore for the first time in SysMus-history in one of the Nordic Countries. The 2016 conference was organised by student chairs Joshua Bamford and Susan Johnson with tremendous support from Birgitta Burger as supervising chair. With its international community and critically acclaimed researchers, SysMus 2016 proved to be a fruitful and exciting gathering.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Airline Pilots
Authors: Lord Dana , Conlon Helen Acree
Published: February 2018

The health of an airline pilot is imperative to the safe travels of millions of people worldwide. Medical providers evaluate the cardiovascular risks for airline pilots and the medical requirements to obtain and maintain licensure as an airline pilot. It is the role of the occupational health nurse practitioner to evaluate and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in this population.
When Clinicians Are Summoned to Testify in Court: Orientation to the Process and Suggestions on Preparation
Authors: Murphy Janet L.
Published: February 2018

There are occasions when clinicians are summoned to court to testify. The reasons for this are wide-ranging. It can be about the provision of patient care that is relevant to a criminal or civil legal matter, or to a malpractice complaint, concerns of safety for a child, child custody issue, allegation of sexual or physical abuse, or being called to testify as an expert witness in your field of expertise. The legal system is adversarial and litigation is the process used to determine the considered truth of the matter at hand. The adversarial nature of the courtroom stands in stark contrast to the collaborative mindset and approach used in health care. Most clinicians will never have to testify in a court setting. However, when a clinician does receive a subpoena, feelings of dread, anxiety, and panic can ensue. This can be especially harrowing if the subpoena is about a malpractice grievance. Understanding the legal arena, court proceedings and how to properly prepare, can assist the clinician to navigate the process and stay calm under pressure if subpoenaed to testify. This article will help clinicians know what to do and how to prepare in the event they are ordered to testify in court. An orientation to the courtroom, basic legal concepts, and definitions will be discussed. This article is structured in a question and answer format based on typical questions clinicians ask when anticipating going to court.