bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage versus Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients
Authors: Tsai Chung-Fen , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Anderson Niall , Sudlow Cathie L.M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Chinese populations have a higher stroke incidence, a higher proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and a lower proportion of ischemic stroke (IS) as compared with white populations. The reasons are not fully understood. Methods: To evaluate the differences of major risk factors between ICH and IS in Chinese stroke patients, we analysed acute ICH and IS patients consecutively recruited in National Taiwan University Hospital Stroke Registry from 2006 to 2011. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the associations of risk factors with ICH vs. IS. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses when a strongly significant interaction was detected. Results: We included a total of 1,373 ICH and 4,953 IS patients. ICH patients were younger than IS patients (mean age 61 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in gender (males 62 vs. 59%, p = 0.064). A logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and other major risk factors showed that both hypertension (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.74-2.87) and alcohol intake (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.77) had significantly stronger associations with ICH than IS, whereas diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and transient ischemic attack were less associated with ICH than IS. In subgroup analyses, the association of hypertension with ICH vs. IS was more marked in younger patients. Conclusion: Hypertension and alcohol intake are more strongly associated with ICH than IS in Chinese stroke patients, especially in younger patients.
Arquitetura, acervo e público no museu contemporâneo
Authors: Lupo Bianca Manzon
Published: May 2017

A análise do processo de transformação do espaço do museu a partir da ampla utilização de recursos tecnológicos, cenográficos e interativos, garantindo a aproximação do grande público a partir de artifícios como projeções, vídeos e terminais multimídia, consiste no objetivo principal deste artigo. Dentro desse contexto, três exemplos significativos são trazidos para subsidiar as reflexões propostas: o Museu da Língua Portuguesa (São Paulo, 2006), o Museu do Futebol (São Paulo, 2008) e o Museu do Cinema (Turim, 2000). Os casos escolhidos foram considerados como representativos da utilização de tecnologia expográfica para o tratamento de temas imateriais. A grande difusão dos recursos cenográficos e interativos abre novas possibilidades no âmbito da preservação patrimonial, levando a um processo de desmaterialização do acervo e estabelecendo novas relações entre público e espaço arquitetônico. Nesse sentido, busca-se responder às seguintes perguntas: que possibilidades surgem a partir da relação entre público, espaço e novas tecnologias? É possível pensar na formação de um campo de experimentação artística autônomo? Qual o papel da arquitetura nesse contexto? Deste modo, o artigo se estruturará a partir dos enfoques: arquitetura, acervo e público, visando à compreensão das novas questões que se colocam para os museus na contemporaneidade.
ADAMTS13 Retards Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Intrarenal Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Dhanesha Nirav , Doddapattar Prakash , Chorawala Mehul R. , Nayak Manasa K. , Kokame Koichi , Staber Janice M. , Lentz Steven R. , Chauhan Anil K.
Published: May 2017

Objective—

ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13) prevents microvascular thrombosis by cleaving prothrombogenic ultralarge von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. Clinical studies have found association between reduced ADAMTS13-specific activity, ultralarge VWF multimers, and thrombotic angiopathy in patients with diabetic nephropathy. It remains unknown, however, whether ADAMTS13 deficiency or ultralarge VWF multimers have a causative effect in diabetic nephropathy.

Approach and Results—

The extent of renal injury was evaluated in wild-type (WT),
Adamts
13
−/−
and
Adamts
13
−/−
Vwf
−/−
mice after 26 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. We found that WT diabetic mice exhibited low plasma ADAMTS13-specific activity and increased VWF levels (
P
<0.05 versus WT nondiabetic mice).
Adamts
13
−/−
diabetic mice exhibited deterioration of kidney function (increased albuminuria, plasma creatinine, and urea;
P
<0.05 versus WT diabetic mice), independent of hyperglycemia and hypertension. Deterioration of kidney function in
Adamts
13
−/−
diabetic mice was concomitant with aggravated intrarenal thrombosis (assessed by plasminogen activator inhibitor, VWF, fibrin(ogen), and CD41-positive microthrombi), increased mesangial cell expansion, and extracellular matrix deposition (
P
<0.05 versus WT diabetic mice). Genetic deletion of VWF in
Adamts
13
−/−
diabetic mice improved kidney function, inhibited intrarenal thrombosis, and alleviated histological changes in glomeruli, suggesting that exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy in the setting of ADAMTS13 deficiency is VWF dependent.

Conclusions—

ADAMTS13 retards progression of diabetic nephropathy, most likely by inhibiting VWF-dependent intrarenal thrombosis. Alteration in ADAMTS13–VWF balance may be one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombotic angiopathy in diabetes mellitus.
Association Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype and Upper Extremity Motor Outcome After Stroke
Authors: Chang Won Hyuk , Park Eunhee , Lee Jungsoo , Lee Ahee , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose—

The identification of intrinsic factors for predicting upper extremity motor outcome could aid the design of individualized treatment plans in stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors, including intrinsic genetic factors, for upper extremity motor outcome in patients with subacute stroke.

Methods—

A total of 97 patients with subacute stroke were enrolled. Upper limb motor impairment was scored according to the upper limb of Fugl-Meyer assessment score at 3 months after stroke. The prediction of upper extremity motor outcome at 3 months was modeled using various factors that could potentially influence this impairment, including patient characteristics, baseline upper extremity motor impairment, functional and structural integrity of the corticospinal tract, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were used to identify the significance of each factor.

Results—

The independent predictors of motor outcome at 3 months were baseline upper extremity motor impairment, age, stroke type, and corticospinal tract functional integrity in all stroke patients. However, in the group with severe motor impairment at baseline (upper limb score of Fugl-Meyer assessment <25), the number of
Met
alleles in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype was also an independent predictor of upper extremity motor outcome 3 months after stroke.

Conclusions—

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype may be a potentially useful predictor of upper extremity motor outcome in patients with subacute stroke with severe baseline motor involvement.
Varia Americana and Race
Authors: Eglinton James
Published: May 2017

This article explores the place of African Americans in the account of Abraham Kuyper’s 1898 American séjour found in his untranslated text Varia Americana. Utilizing Wellman’s Portraits of White Racism, its working definition of racism includes both intentional and unintentional acts that support a prejudicial racial status quo. In that light, Kuyper’s text is read as intentionally critiquing American society as racist, while also unintentionally furthering the narrative that maintained the racism he wished to condemn. As such, the article aims to prompt more nuanced engagement with the ‘deep logic’ of Kuyper’s thought, in order to aid his later inheritors in their task of reading Kuyper against himself on the topic of race.
Coffee Colored Calvinists
Authors: van der Jagt Hans
Published: May 2017

This article aims to discuss neo-Calvinist perspectives on race in the Dutch Colonial Empire. How did the colonial racial practice affect the Dutch neo-Calvinist perspectives on race? This article is based on new research: an analysis of a race-debate among neo-Calvinist church leaders in the Netherlands and colonial Indonesia. It is a debate which took place in the Dutch Christian weekly De Heraut in 1893 and 1894 and focused primarily on the practice of racial separation in the reformed church of Batavia. This article will describe, analyze and criticize this debate and bring it into context by making use of a model for racial categorization proposed by the Dutch scholar Dienke Hondius. In the end, it argues that the main argument of the neo-Calvinists for defending a separation policy was based on a linguistic, societal and cultural distinction. The neo-Calvinists however, ignored their own racial prejudice and preserved their church-practice of racial disjunction.
“Wipe Out Lines of Division (Not Distinctions)”
Authors: Harinck George
Published: May 2017

Race was not a dominant factor in neo-Calvinism. Rather, stress was laid on the universal character of Christianity, especially in the case of Herman Bavinck. While some of the South African PhD students at the Vrije Universiteit’s defended apartheid with reference to neo-Calvinism, it was B.B. Keet—who would become a noted critic of apartheid—who adopted Bavinck’s views. As a professor in Stellenbosch, Keet initially accepted apartheid for cultural and practical reasons, but he became critical when South Africa officially implemented apartheid policy in 1948. This resulted in his book Whither, South Africa?, in which he rejected the theological arguments undergirding apartheid with arguments almost literally derived from Bavinck. It is clear from this case study that neo-Calvinism was employed not only to support apartheid, but also to criticize it as well. In the Netherlands his stand was recognized and shared by two more of Bavinck’s students: J.J. Buskes and J.H. Bavinck. Keet met with opposition within his own circles but stuck to his position and inspired his student, the apartheid critic C.F. Beyers Naudé.
Systematics, biogeography and host-plant relationships of the Neotropical jumping plant-louse genus Russelliana (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
Authors: SERBINA LILIYA , BURCKHARDT DANIEL
Published: May 2017

The Neotropical genus Russelliana (Psyllidae: Aphalaroidinae) is revised and its phylogenetic, host-plant and biogeographical relationships are discussed. Twenty-four species are described as new, bringing the number of known species to 43. An identification key is provided for the adults. A phylogenetic analysis of 26 morphological characters resulted in 54 most parsimonious trees. The consensus tree is well resolved at the base but poorly at the crown. Most Russelliana species are monophagous or oligophagous with the exception of R. solanicola which is polyphagous. With eight plant families, the host range of Russelliana is broader than that of other aphalaroidine genera. The hosts for 29 species are confirmed, those for 12 species are suggested based on phylogenetic relationships. The species associated with Asteraceae (4 spp.) and most of the Fabaceae-feeders (12 spp.) form each a monophyletic group, those associated with Verbenaceae (5 spp.) are paraphyletic and those with Solanaceae are polyphyletic (16 spp.). The two species associated with Rosaceae are not closely related. These patterns suggest repeated host shifts. Whether there is cospeciation in some groups cannot be judged as neither psyllid nor host phylogenies are sufficiently resolved. The world psylloid fauna comprises relatively few species associated with Solanaceae. The number of 16 Russelliana species with confirmed or likely solanaceous hosts is, therefore, surprising and important in view of the potential pest status of some Russelliana spp. The genus is restricted to temperate and subtropical South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Southern Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay). Most species are known from the Western Andean part of the continent. Only four species are currently known from Eastern South America. The cladogram suggests that geographical vicariance may account for at least part of the observed species richness, as five vicariant events were detected for Russelliana. A better resolution of the cladogram may reveal more cases of geographical vicariance.
Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species
Authors: SKELLEY PAUL , XU GUANG , TANG WILLIAM , LINDSTRÖM ANDERS J. , MARLER THOMAS , KHURAIJAM JIBANKUMAR SINGH , SINGH RITA , RADHA P. , RICH STEPHEN
Published: May 2017

The genus Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) associated with Cycas L. (Cycadacaeae) in Asia is reviewed. Strobilophila, new subgenus, with five species is described: Cycadophila (Strobilophila) assamensis new species, C. (S.) hiepi new species, C. (S.) kwaiensis new species, C. (S.) tansachai new species and C. (S.) yangi new species, all associated with Cycas. For the nominate subgenus Cycadophila eight new species are described, Cycadophila (Cycadophila) abyssa new species, C. (C.) collina new species,C. (C.) samara new species, C. (C.) convexa new species, C. (C.) cyclochasma new species, C. (C.) eurynota new species, C. (C.) papua new species, and C. (C.) torquata new species and four new generic combinations are proposed: C. (C.) vittata (Arrow) new combination, C. (C.) discimaculata (Mader) new combination, C. (C.) intermedia (Chûjô) new combination, and C. (C.) lata (Grouvelle) new combination. Only the first three listed species of the nominate subgenus have known associations with Cycas. Species are distinguished on the basis of morphology and/or by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The larva of subgenus Strobilophila is described based on individuals collected together with adults and matched with analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Keys to subgenera and species of known adults and larvae are provided.
The Semiannual Oscillation of the Tropical Zonal Wind in the Middle Atmosphere Derived from Satellite Geopotential Height Retrievals
Authors: Smith Anne K. , Garcia Rolando R. , Moss Andrew C. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: May 2017

The dominant mode of seasonal variability in the global tropical upper-stratosphere and mesosphere zonal wind is the semiannual oscillation (SAO). However, it is notoriously difficult to measure winds at these heights from satellite or ground-based remote sensing. Here, the balance wind relationship is used to derive monthly and zonally averaged zonal winds in the tropics from satellite retrievals of geopotential height. Data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) cover about 12.5 yr, and those from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) cover almost 15 yr. The derived winds agree with direct wind observations below 10 hPa and above 80 km; there are no direct wind observations for validation in the intervening layers of the middle atmosphere. The derived winds show the following prominent peaks associated with the SAO: easterly maxima near the solstices at 1.0 hPa, westerly maxima near the equinoxes at 0.1 hPa, and easterly maxima near the equinoxes at 0.01 hPa. The magnitudes of these three wind maxima are stronger during the first cycle (January at 1.0 hPa and March at 0.1 and 0.01 hPa). The month and pressure level of the wind maxima shift depending on the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) at 10 hPa. During easterly QBO, the westerly maxima are shifted upward, are about 10 m s−1 stronger, and occur approximately 1 month later than those during the westerly QBO phase.
Contrasting Daytime and Nighttime Precipitation Variability between Observations and Eight Reanalysis Products from 1979 to 2014 in China
Authors: Zhou Chunlüe , Wang Kaicun
Published: May 2017

Daytime (0800–2000 Beijing time) and nighttime (2000–0800 Beijing time) precipitation at approximately 2100 stations in China from 1979 to 2014 was used to evaluate eight current reanalyses. Daytime, nighttime, and nighttime–daytime contrast of precipitation were examined in aspects of climatology, seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and trends. The results show that the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), ERA-Interim/Land, Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) can reproduce the observed spatial pattern of nighttime–daytime contrast in precipitation amount, exhibiting a positive center over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and a negative center over southeastern China. All of the reanalyses roughly reproduce seasonal variations of nighttime and daytime precipitation, but not always nighttime–daytime contrast. The reanalyses overestimate drizzle and light precipitation frequencies by greater than 31.5% and underestimate heavy precipitation frequencies by less than −30.8%. The reanalyses successfully reproduce interannual synchronizations of daytime and nighttime precipitation frequencies and amounts with an averaged correlation coefficient r of 0.66 against the observed data but overestimate their year-to-year amplitudes by approximately 64%. The trends in nighttime, daytime, and nighttime–daytime contrast of the observed precipitation amounts are mainly dominated by their frequencies ( r = 0.85). Less than moderate precipitation frequency has exhibited a significant downward trend (−2.5% decade−1 during nighttime and −1.7% decade−1 during daytime) since 1979, which is roughly captured by the reanalyses. However, only JRA-55 captures the observed trend of nighttime precipitation intensity (2.4% decade−1), while the remaining reanalyses show negative trends. Overall, JRA-55 and CFSR provide the best reproductions of the observed nighttime–daytime contrast in precipitation intensity, although they have considerable room for improvement.
Measurement of Cerium and Gadolinium in Solid Lithium Chloride–Potassium Chloride Salt Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Williams Ammon , Bryce Keith , Phongikaroon Supathorn
Published: May 2017

Pyroprocessing of used nuclear fuel (UNF) has many advantages—including that it is proliferation resistant. However, as part of the process, special nuclear materials accumulate in the electrolyte salt and present material accountability and safeguards concerns. The main motivation of this work was to explore a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) approach as an online monitoring technique to enhance the material accountability of special nuclear materials in pyroprocessing. In this work, a vacuum extraction method was used to draw the molten salt (CeCl3-GdCl3-LiCl-KCl) up into 4 mm diameter Pyrex tubes where it froze. The salt was then removed and the solid salt was measured using LIBS and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). A total of 36 samples were made that varied the CeCl3 and GdCl3 (surrogates for uranium and plutonium, respectively) concentrations from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. From these samples, univariate calibration curves for Ce and Gd were generated using peak area and peak intensity methods. For Ce, the Ce 551.1 nm line using the peak area provided the best calibration curve with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.099 wt% and a root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.197 wt%. For Gd, the best curve was generated using the peak intensities of the Gd 564.2 nm line resulting in a LOD of 0.027 wt% and a RMSECV of 0.295 wt%. The RMSECV for the univariate cases were determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. In addition to the univariate calibration curves, partial least squares (PLS) regression was done to develop a calibration model. The PLS models yielded similar results with RMSECV (determined using Venetian blind cross-validation with 17% left out per split) values of 0.30 wt% and 0.29 wt% for Ce and Gd, respectively. This work has shown that solid pyroprocessing salt can be qualitatively and quantitatively monitored using LIBS. This work has the potential of significantly enhancing the material monitoring and safeguards of special nuclear materials in pyroprocessing.
Towards an integrated framework of professional partnership performance: The role of formal governance and strategic planning
Authors: Lander Michel W , Heugens Pursey PMAR , van Oosterhout J (Hans)
Published: May 2017

Conventional wisdom identifies human capital and organizational reputation as the critical resources explaining professional partnership (PP) performance. PPs have increasingly adopted organizational practices like strategic planning and formal governance, however, which have long been alien in highly professionalized contexts. In order to test the influence of both these classic resources and the newly adopted practices on PP performance, as well as the mediating mechanisms— that is, client attraction and retention as well as organizational efficiency—through which this influence is channeled, we develop an integrated theoretical framework of PP performance. We test the resulting hypotheses using survey and objective data collected on 196 Dutch law firms. Our findings provide new insights into the drivers of PP performance and the complex interrelationships between PP resources and newly adopted practices.
Early Writing Intervention: A Best Evidence Synthesis
Authors: McMaster Kristen L. , Kunkel Amy , Shin Jaehyun , Jung Pyung-Gang , Lembke Erica
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this best evidence synthesis was to identify promising interventions that align with a theoretical model of early writing development, targeting three components of early writing: transcription, text generation, and self-regulation. We determined the extent to which these interventions are effective for children who struggle with early writing skills, by calculating effect sizes for group and single-subject designs, and we examined the overall quality of the research. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Among group design studies, mean effects (Hedge’s g) ranged from 0.19 to 1.17 for measures of writing quantity and from 0.17 to 0.85 for measures of writing quality. Percentage of all nonoverlapping data for single-subject designs ranged from 83% to 100% for measures of writing quantity. Interventions with the strongest evidence of effects and highest methodological quality are described in detail. Recommendations for research and practice are provided.
An Expressive Turn with a Chinese Twist: Young Women’s Other-Sex Relations in Three Generations
Authors: Liu Fengshu
Published: May 2017

This study examines generational change in young women’s other-sex relations, drawing on interviews with 17/18-year-old Beijingers, their mothers and grandmothers. The change constitutes an “expressive turn” with Chinese characteristics. Individual emotional self-fulfillment—irrelevant to the “grandmothers” and important to the “mothers” mainly in relation to marriage—has for the “daughters” become an important part of being young and of marriage expectations. But there is stronger emphasis on pragmatic reasoning about marriage partners. The daughters are both more romantic and more means–ends rational in other-sex relations than their grandmothers and mothers were, showing a sophistication of the heart and mind. This “instrumental twist” in the expressive trend in post-Mao China adds contextual nuance to theorizing about other-sex relations under global modernization.
Effect of pattern elements of weft knitting on haptic preferences regarding winter garments
Authors: Wiskott Sophia , Weber Marcus O , Heimlich Frank , Kyosev Yordan
Published: May 2017

An empirical survey was conducted, manually evaluating the relative haptic preference of patterns in weft knitting for winter garments in Mönchengladbach, Germany. Thirty-six patterns were compared in a blind test using ranking orders with respect to six primary hand values (thickness, softness, warmth, weight, stiffness, and smoothness) and general preference for winter garments by 35 participants. Traits of popular patterns included softness and smoothness as well as tucked stitches, rib structures, and float stitches on the surface. On the other hand, unpopular patterns included lace, purl stitches, and ripples.
Effect of a sizing agent on short carbon fiber production with radial chopping technology
Authors: Lu Longsheng , Hou Zhaorui , Zhang Feixiang , Liu Huilong , Chen Songmao , Tang Yong
Published: May 2017

Short carbon fiber (short-CF) has been extensively used as enforcement in composites or conductors in fibrous network materials, owing to its good subsequent processing compatibility with routine manufacturing technologies. Conventionally, short-CFs were made by cutting continuous CF-tows from thousands of meters into several millimeters length scale using a radial chopping technology, mainly through sizing, drying and chopping processes in sequence. In this work, four kinds of CF-tows with different physical properties were chopped to study the effect of a sizing agent on the production of short-CFs, including product morphology and yield ratio. All experiments were conducted on polyacrylonitrile-based CFs sized by polyurethane (PU)-acetone solution. Results show that the uniformity (an important index of short-CF appearance) of short-CFs is closely related to the unit sizing weight. The yield ratio is affected by the relative sizing amount of PU coated on CF-tows. In addition, a raw CF-tow with little fiber hairiness is beneficial to increase the yield ratio of short-CFs.
Circulating biomedical images: Bodies and chromosomes in the post-eugenic era
Authors: Santesmases María Jesús
Published: May 2017

This essay presents the early days of human cytogenetics, from the late 1950s until the mid 1970s, as a historical series of images. I propose a chronology moving from photographs of bodies to chromosome sets, to be joined by ultrasound images, which provided a return to bodies, by then focused on the unborn. Images carried ontological significance and, as I will argue, are principal characters in the history of human cytogenetics. Inspired by the historiography of heredity and genetics, studies on visual cultures, the conceptualization of circulation, and the sociology of pregnancy, I suggest that cytogenetics, through its focus on pregnancy, pregnant women, and their offspring, found strategic living materials that stabilized human chromosome studies as a biomedical, post-eugenics practice. The historicity of each path displays a wide circulation of objects, tools, and methods that condensed on images that shared in the centuries-old visual expertise that medicine and botany had manufactured.
Improved morphology and mechanical properties of UPA6/TPEE blends by reactive compatibilization
Authors: Peng Shumin , Ren Xi , Zhang Wei , Yi Chunwang , Su Shengpei , Wang Xi
Published: May 2017

In this study, series of blends were prepared by blending unextracted polyamide-6 (PA6) and thermoplastic ester elastomer (TPEE) in certain ratios. The morphologies, thermal behaviors, and mechanical properties of blends have been investigated. Scanning electron microscope results revealed that the morphology of blends was improved significantly when the content of TPEE is less than 50 wt%. Tensile fracture surface images confirmed reactive compatibilization and stress-induced crystallization in blends. The effect of unextracted PA6 content on the elasticity and tensile strength of blends was also studied, and higher elongation rate at break and breaking strength could be achieved when the content of TPEE is ≥50 wt%. The most interesting finding in this study is that the glass transition temperature for rubber phase of blends shifts to lower temperature and decreases with the increase of unextracted PA6 content at certain ratios range.
Earnings Comparability, Accounting Similarities, and Stock Returns: Evidence From Peer Firms’ Earnings Restatements
Authors: Campbell John L. , Yeung P. Eric
Published: May 2017

Using a sample of earnings restatements, we provide evidence that an empirical measure of the comparability in two firms’ earnings (“earnings comparability”) captures the extent to which a firm’s accounting choices and estimates are similar to those of its restating peer firm. We then document that investors appear to underreact to the implications of this earnings comparability signal. Additional analyses reveal that large traders and short sellers react in a timely manner, and their trades trigger an immediate negative price reaction to earnings comparability. Small traders appear to behave inattentively, and their herding-driven delayed trades contribute to a negative drift in prices.
The Effect of Financial Compensation on Willingness to Supply a Child’s Blood Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Acharya Yubraj , Norton Edward C. , Lumeng Julie C.
Published: May 2017

Medical researchers frequently need to collect blood samples from study participants. The determination of whether and how much compensation to provide to the participants is challenging. Institutional review boards typically allow researchers to provide a compensation that reimburses participants for their time and effort but is not so large as to be coercive. Using a randomized controlled trial, we estimate parents’ responsiveness to financial compensation in terms of their willingness to provide their child’s blood sample. We find that an additional dollar of compensation raises the willingness to provide a child’s blood sample by about 0.5 percentage point at a base of 65%. This corresponds to an elasticity of .33. Using the findings, we provide general guidance on how compensation can be structured to strike a balance between appropriate compensation for participation and coercion.
Figuring More Livable Elsewheres: Queering Acts, Moments, and Spaces in Sport (Studies)
Authors: Linghede Eva , Larsson Håkan
Published: May 2017

Inspired by calls for an emphasis on the “potentiality of the present” in feminist and queer (sport) studies, this article explores queering acts, moments, and spaces in stories of athletes living nonstraight. To do this, we use Haraway’s and Braidotti’s notion of figuration and creative analytical writing. With one foot rooted in what is, our three figurations of the queering athlete take us into and beyond heteronormativity to what can be(come). Two figurations enact how sex segregation and gender norms in sports can serve as conditions of possibilities that open up for other-worlds-in-the-making and the third works sexuality against identity and queers the hetero–homo binary. They are figurations—in form and content—of a “science of the possibility of science.”
Histologic and Ultrastructural Findings in Dogs With Chronic Respiratory Disease Suspected of Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Miranda Ileana C. , Granick Jennifer L. , Armién Anibal G.
Published: May 2017

Mucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the respiratory tract, which can be inherently impaired in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or reversibly altered in secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). Limited diagnostic test availability likely leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of PCD in animals. This study evaluated the light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) changes in the respiratory mucosa of 15 dogs with chronic respiratory disease suspected of PCD. Necropsy was performed in 1 case and 2 dogs were used as negative controls. PCD was confirmed in 1 dog, which presented with chronic otitis, bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus and ultrastructural abnormalities in 84% of the assessed cilia, including absence of dynein arms and microtubular changes. The 14 other cases showed only nonspecific alterations, such as ciliary disorientation, compound cilia, ciliary edema, and axoneme bubbles in a minority of the evaluated cilia and were classified as SCD. Ciliary ultrastructural analysis can confirm a diagnosis of PCD if specific abnormalities exist. TEM remains an important investigational tool in veterinary medicine, as no other specific test for PCD in dogs has been standardized yet.
Music performance anxiety: A clinical outcome study into the effects of cognitive hypnotherapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing in advanced pianists
Authors: Brooker Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Numerous investigations into music performance anxiety have focused on the conscious mind. However, little research has focused on implicit processes for alleviation of this condition. Cognitive hypnotherapy (CH) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), therapies which target implicit processes, were investigated in an intervention study with advanced pianists ( n = 46). Participants were of mixed gender aged 18–26 years (three over 30) and were randomly assigned to a therapy or control group. The therapy groups received two interventions of either CH or EMDR during a two-week period between two concerts. Quantitative data were collected through performance assessment, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a self-report questionnaire (SRQ). The SRQ and a log of performance experience also allowed for qualitative assessment. Results showed that both therapy groups (but not the control) experienced a significant reduction in state anxiety post therapy and a significant improvement in performance. Trait anxiety decreased significantly below baseline levels post intervention in the EMDR group. This is an important area for future research in music psychology and has broader implications in other fields.
Better Than Good: Three Dimensions of Plan Quality
Authors: Connell David J. , Daoust-Filiatrault Lou-Anne
Published: May 2017

The literature suggests that plan quality should be distinguished as a type of plan evaluation not only for its focus on content but also for its communicative ends. This distinction is important for expanding the scope of plan quality evaluation, but it also highlights ambiguity about what we mean by “quality.” As a way to address this ambiguity we propose three dimensions of plan quality: documentation (comprehensiveness), policy focus (strength), and discourse (persuasiveness). We also propose a set of four principles for evaluating the strength of policy focus: maximize stability, minimize uncertainty, integrate public priorities across jurisdictions, and accommodate flexibility.
The Complex Diagnostic Challenge in Children With Non–Central Nervous System Cancer and Cerebellar Mutism
Authors: Helton Kathleen , Patterson Amy L. , Khan Raja B. , Sadighi Zsila S.
Published: May 2017

Multiple etiologies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients with non–central nervous system cancer and viral infections who develop mutism. Acute cerebellitis, caused by infections or by neurotoxicity resulting from chemotherapy; paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may all cause mutism in such patients. This condition warrants prompt recognition and may require treatment with immunotherapy, as it may be an immune-mediated process. We present 2 patients with leukemia and viral illness who developed cerebellar mutism in the setting of acute cerebellitis and responded to immunotherapy, suggesting that the condition involved a parainfectious immune-mediated response.
Trends in Management and Mortality in Adults Hospitalized With Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: Patel Jignesh K. , Meng Hongdao , Parikh Puja B.
Published: May 2017

Background:

We sought to examine temporal trends in management (ie, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO], therapeutic hypothermia [TH], coronary angiogram, and percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) and in-hospital mortality in adults hospitalized with cardiac arrest.

Methods:

Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, medical history, clinical management, and in-hospital mortality were assessed in 942 495 hospitalizations in adults with cardiac arrest (identified through International Classification of Diseases-9 codes) from 2006 to 2012.

Results:

From 2006 to 2012, there was an overall rise in the use of coronary angiogram (12.8%, 13.0%, 14.7%, 15.0%, 14.3%, 14.7%, and 15.8%), PCI (7.5%, 7.1%, 8.4%, 8.1%, 8.1%, 8.4%, and 8.9%), TH (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.9%, 2.8%, and 3.0%), and ECMO (0.1%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%; P < .001 for all). In-hospital mortality significantly decreased over the 7-year study period (65.5%, 63.4%, 59.3%, 57.9%, 57.0%, 56.0%, and 56.3% from 2006 to 2012). In multivariable analysis, a 31% decrease in mortality was accompanied by a concomitant 24% and 27% increase in coronary angiogram and PCI, respectively, during the study period. Therapeutic hypothermia and ECMO were associated with an approximate 11-fold and 7-fold increase, respectively, from 2006 to 2012. The strongest predictors of use of ECMO, TH, coronary angiogram, and PCI were younger age and the presence of coronary artery disease.

Conclusion:

During 2006 to 2012, a decline in mortality was accompanied by a steady rise in the use of ECMO, TH, coronary angiogram, and PCI in adults hospitalized with cardiac arrest. Patients of younger age and with coronary artery disease were more likely to receive these advanced therapies.
Higher iron bioavailability of a human-like collagen iron complex
Authors: Zhu Chenhui , Yang Fan , Fan Daidi , Wang Ya , Yu Yuanyuan
Published: May 2017

Iron deficiency remains a public health problem around the world due to low iron intake and/or bioavailability. FeSO4, ferrous succinate, and ferrous glycinate chelate are rich in iron but have poor bioavailability. To solve the problem of iron deficiency, following previous research studies, a thiolated human-like collagen-ironcomplex supplement with a high iron content was prepared in an anaerobic workstation. In addition, cell viability tests were evaluated after conducting an MTT assay, and a quantitative analysis of the thiolated human-like collagen-iron digesta samples was performed using the SDS-PAGE method coupled with gel filtration chromatography. The iron bioavailability was assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayers and iron-deficiency anemia mice models. The results showed that (1) one mole of thiolated human-like collagen-iron possessed approximately 35.34 moles of iron; (2) thiolated human-like collagen-iron did not exhibit cytotoxity and (3) thiolated human-like collagen- iron digesta samples had higher bioavailability than other iron supplements, including FeSO4, ferrous succinate, ferrous glycine chelate and thiolated human-like collagen-Fe iron. Finally, the iron bioavailability was significantly enhanced by vitamin C. These results indicated that thiolated human-like collagen-iron is a promising iron supplement for use in the future.
Correlates of Repeat Victimization and Sex Differences in South Korean Youth
Authors: Lee Bora , Jo Youngoh
Published: May 2017

Interest in the correlates of victimization has significantly increased in criminology, while focusing on a few criminological theories, risky lifestyles/routine activities, and self-control. This study is to explore the applicability of five criminological theories, including social control theory, collective efficacy, and strain theories as well as risky lifestyles/routine activities and self-control to explain the correlates of repeat victimization. The current study also explores sex differences/similarities of Korean youth in the correlates of repeat victimization. Current study analyzes data from two waves of Korean Youth Panel Survey by using logistic regression. Results show that risky lifestyle/routine activities, social control, and general strain variables better explained the chance of repeat victimization than other theories (i.e., self-control and collective efficacy). In addition, this study suggests future study to focus on peer-related issues for girls’ repeat victimization and by addressing family-related issues for boys’ repeat victimization.
Adolescents at Serious Psychosocial Risk: What Is the Role of Additional Exposure to Violence in the Home?
Authors: Díez Cristina , Fontanil Yolanda , Alonso Yolanda , Ezama Esteban , Gómez Laura E.
Published: May 2017

Research into the effects of interpartner violence on the psychosocial development of the children of maltreated mothers is a relatively new field. This work examines the impact of exposure to interpartner violence (EIPV) on minors in middle and late adolescence, where this vicarious maltreatment is in addition to other situations of severe psychosocial risk. A group of adolescents who had suffered various types of direct maltreatment were compared with another group who, in addition to experiencing direct maltreatment, had mothers who had also been the victims of interpartner violence. There were 276 participants in total (138 adolescents and their mothers) reporting via questionnaires about their experiences related to maltreatment and about maladaptation and psychological dysfunction. The results demonstrate significant dysfunction in the adolescents, especially as indicated in the mothers’ reports. In addition, the results make it clear that the adolescents are actively and directly involved in the episodes of interpartner violence and that the additional negative impact of vicarious maltreatment is evident in almost every aspect of their lives. Only the attitude toward teachers scored worse in the no-EIPV group. EIPV minors scored higher on personal and social maladjustment and worse on adaptive skills, and showed a more marked tendency to internalize problems. This study emphasizes the importance of considering EIPV as a form of child maltreatment and including it in programs of protection and intervention.
Multi-disciplinary optimization in aeronautical engineering
Authors: Goetzendorf-Grabowski Tomasz
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, optimization is a very popular tool used to improve existing projects. The optimization covers different disciplines by linking them into multidisciplinary process of design. Existing software tools allow to very effectively solve particular problems giving high quality solutions which were previously very hard to achieve. Aeronautical engineering is a domain/field which links many disciplines: aerodynamics, stability, control, structural analysis, materials, propulsion systems, avionics, etc. Therefore, the multidisciplinary optimization results in very significant progress not only in aircraft design but also in air transport, which links technical aspects with economical questions. The paper presents selected aspects of using the multidisciplinary optimization in aeronautical engineering with special focus on multidisciplinary aircraft design.
Striking ethnic variations in the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in Haifa District, Israel, throughout the years 2001–2015
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Khamaisi Mogher , Rishpon Shmuel , Grifat Rami
Published: May 2017

Our objectives were to examine trends in the incidence of chlamydia over an extended period and compare the epidemiology of the infection between two distinct ethnic groups in Israel: Jews and Arabs. We examined the incidence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among residents of Haifa District, northern Israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health. Notified cases were stratified by age group, gender, and ethnic group. The overall incidence rate of Chlamydia was 10.8 cases per 100,000 population per year. The annual rate increased dramatically from 5.1 per 100,000 population in 2001, to an all-time high of 18.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 (P < 0.001), representing an increase of 362.7%. The most affected age group was 25–34 years of age. The estimated rate among Jewish inhabitants was ninefold higher than among Arabs. Only 3% recurrent episodes of Chlamydia were registered. The prevalence of HIV positivity among Chlamydia-infected patients was similar to that of the general population. In conclusion, Chlamydia in Haifa has been continuously increasing since 2001 and the infection is much more prevalent among patients of Jewish ethnicity, mainly due to more hazardous sexual practices in this population.
‘Not … Like a Rum-Ration’: Amphetamine Sulphate, the Royal Navy, and the Evolution of Policy and Medical Research during the Second World War
Authors: Pugh James
Published: May 2017

This article explores the evolution of the Royal Navy’s policy relating to the use of amphetamines during the Second World War. This discussion, which demonstrates the groundbreaking yet restrictive nature of naval drug policy, is placed in the wider context of medical research in the Royal Navy during the conflict, in which the organisation was the last of the Services to develop its own personnel research committee. In turn, the article examines the motivation for utilising the drug, which included considerations relating to both wakefulness, in combat situations, and well-being, in survival at sea situations.
Keynes’ psychology and behavioural macroeconomics: Theory and policy
Authors: Baddeley Michelle
Published: May 2017

Until recently, modern macroeconomic models have remained solidly grounded on assumptions of rational expectations, efficient markets and representative agents, with policy prescriptions focused on the power of markets, and complex and esoteric financial intermediation instruments justified as solutions to problems of asymmetric information and risk. In modern microeconomics, behavioural economic analysis has flourished, focusing on individual responses and interactions. By contrast, in macroeconomics, humans are assumed to behave as if they are mathematical machines, making decisions in a mechanical, objective way. From this perspective, it is difficult to properly capture the instabilities that characterise modern macroeconomies and financial systems. While some progress has been made in recognising the bounds to rationality, the complexity of the macroeconomy can be captured fully only by embedding psychological and sociological forces more fully into macroeconomic models. Keynes was a pioneer in analysing the impacts of socio-psychological influences on macroeconomic phenomena. This article explores some of Keynes’ fundamental ideas about socio-psychological macroeconomic influences, including insights from A Treatise on Probability (1921) onwards, and links these insights both with modern behavioural economic theory and current macroeconomic policy debates.
An Examination of the Developmental Impact of Continuing Destructive Parental Conflict on Young Adult Children
Authors: Fozard Emily , Gubi Peter
Published: May 2017

This research investigates the impact of destructive parental conflict in continuously married parents, on young adult children. Four trainee or practicing counselors, who had personal experience of growing up in families in which there was continuing destructive parental conflict, were interviewed. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings resulted in four superordinate themes: feelings of loss, impact to family structure, trauma associated with the conflict, and impacts to personal and professional development, within which were 12 subordinate themes. Short-term impacts focused on mental health and self-esteem, and loss of security at home. Long-term impacts focused on future relationships, defensiveness, parent–child role-reversal, impacts to career, trauma, and parent–child relationships. The results demonstrate the necessity for support to be made available to children who are exposed to destructive parental conflict in parents who remain married, as well as to the adult children of continuing destructive parental conflict.