bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praksismagi? - praksis som tidens løsen og problem i videnskabs- og teknologistudier
Authors: Jensen Casper Bruun , Gad Christopher
Published: May 2019

In science and technology studies (STS) practice has become predominant both as analytical focus and as empirical object. Taking our point of departure in a brief genealogy of the ‘practice turn’, the central aim of this paper is to identify some analytical problems with current uses of ‘practice’. Centrally, we argue, the concept of practice has come to be inscribed with a certain kind of ‘magical’ explanatory power. In contrast, to current practice theory, we suggest that, rather than providing an explanatory framework, practice is what needs to be explained. We further suggest that this requires a simultaneous expansion of the concept, which will enable it to include thinking and theorizing as part of practice, and a theoretical practice minimalism. Finally, we suggest that these requirements are consequential for the political and practical implications of practice theory.
Marx' forfatterskab - En politisk praksis
Authors: Holm Andreas Beck
Published: May 2019

In his 11th Thesis on Feuerbach, Marx famously demands of philosophy that it should transform rather than simply interpret the world. This article attempts to answer the question what Marx may have meant by that, and it approaches the question through a criticism of Althusser’s distinction between theoretical and political practice. The conclusion is that the political practice is embedded in Marx’s mature work and that this explains the character of this work.
At skabe folkehelte
Authors: Klapp Orrin
Published: May 2019

The popular hero is a social type having certain definable roles. The problem of making a hero is that of imputing to a person these roles and of maintaining and building a collective interpretation which has the character of a legend. The destroying of a hero is the casting of him in antiheroic roles. Social types, especially fundamental symbols such as the hero, the villain, and the fool, provide a key to collective psychology because the mass recognizes and readily responds to these symbols.
De retslige, administrative og normative dispositivers autonomi - Interview med Paolo Napoli
Authors: Jessen Mathias Hein
Published: May 2019

In this interview Professor Paolo Napoli, director of the Centre d’études des normes juridiques, ”Yan Thomas” (CENJ) at the EHESS (l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales) in Paris, talks about his inspiration from Foucault and how one can use Foucault in working with legal history. Napoli elaborates on how he uses, and has used, the inspiration from Foucault in his work on the police and currently in writing a genealogy of administrative normativity. The level he works with in his way of doing legal history is exactly that of the autonomy of the legal, administrative and normative dispositives which through history can be taken up and used by different actors in different contexts – and these dispositives, via their autonomy, both create and determine the contexts in which they are used.
Esistensens nøgne hjerte og tragiske splittelse - Michel Foucaults idéhistoriske vending som kritisk radikalisering af den eksistentielle tradition
Authors: Sørensen Anders Dræby
Published: May 2019

According to the standard interpretation of Foucault’s intellectual biography, Foucault’s real theoretical development begins in the 1960’s after he has made a break with his youthful infatuation with Ludwig Binswanger’s approach to existential analysis. This article will attempt to challenge the conventional interpretation of Foucault’s turn from the field of existential psychology to the field of history of ideas by not decoding it as based in a radical break with Ludwig Binswanger’s project. Rather, the thesis is that Foucault’s intellectual development can be described as an attempt to reconfigure the approach of existential analysis through a critical radicalization of Binswanger’s project as well as of the existential tradition as such. By examining the role that the study of existence plays in Foucault’s discussion of dreams and madness in the period from 1954 to 1962, it is therefore the ambition to situate Foucault’s intellectual turn in the existential tradition.
Søren Kierkegaards reception - Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Eskildsen Birgitte
Published: May 2019

Ved jubilæumsåret hæld bidrager SLAGMARK nr. 68 til fejringen af 200-året for Søren Kierkegaards fødsel med et tema om Kierkegaard-receptionen. Lars Christiansen belyser receptionshistoriens begyndelse med Georg Brandes’ læsninger af Kierkegaard. Manuela Hackel diskuterer aktualiseringen af centrale temaer hos Kierkegaard inden for den franske eksistentialisme, hos Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir og Albert Camus. I den anledning genoptrykker SLAGMARK Sartres foredrag ”Den enkelte almene”, der blev afholdt på et internationalt kollokvium i Paris i forbindelse med Kierkegaards 150 års jubilæum. Anders Dræby Sørensen undersøger Kierkegaards gennemslag inden for den humanistiske psykologi, psykoterapi og psykiatri.
Resiliens, normativitet og sårbarhed
Authors: Schott Robin May , Jørgensen, oversætter Eva Krause
Published: May 2019

Does the critical discourse about resilience reiterate the problematic dichotomy between suffering and agency that the concept of resilience inscribes? In this discussion piece, I engage with Brad Evans’ and Julian Reid’s reflections on resilience. Although I share with Evans and Reid a normative critique of resilience, I am critical of their discussion of vulnerability. Rather than arguing that vulnerability precludes political transformation, as Evans and Reid do, or that vulnerability enables political coalition, as in Judith Butler’s account of precarity, one should ask: how is vulnerability framed? I argue for framing vulnerability through a critical theory of the victim which explores the interconnections between injurability and agency rather than treating them as oppositional terms.
Tea Party bevægelsen:
Authors: Nielsen Paul Gammelbo
Published: May 2019

The article uses the 2010 political success of the Tea Party phenomenon as a jumping-off point to examine a number of ideological tropes and rhetorical devices in American politics. It argues that the political language of the Tea Party is not – as is often assumed – empty moralizing at the expense of intellectual depth, but rather draws on a wide variety of American political and intellectual themes and traditions. The article uses the campaign literature and polemic of key Tea Party affiliates – Sarah Palin, Christine O’Donnell, Glenn Beck, Ron Paul – as entry points to discuss the movement’s political strategies and interpretation of the role of government, individual liberty, American exceptionalism, constitutionalism, the free market, and the common people. In placing these discussions in their historical and intellectual context, the article argues for taking the Tea Party’s political message seriously, not least as a reflection of prevalent democratic concerns and frustrations with the American political system in its current incarnation.
At læse (med) det ubevidste
Authors: Pontoppidan Jeanne
Published: May 2019

Da Freud i begyndelsen af dette århundrede fremlagde sine før­ste skrifter om det litterære værk i en psykoanalytisk tolknings­ramme, lagde han grunden til en metodisk diskussion, som skulle gøre det muligt at snkue skriveprocessen i dens genese og fungeren.
Frankrig i filosofien
Authors: Olesen Søren Gosvig
Published: May 2019

Kritik af Vincent Descombes: Moderne fransk filosofi, Modtryk 1986 (fransk originaltitel: Le meme et l'autre, Minuit 1979).
Folket som rest:
Authors: Bolt Mikkel
Published: May 2019

The article brings together three short texts by Giorgio Agamben: “What is a people?” from Means without Ends from 1996, the third chapter from The Time that Remains from 2000 and the oral presentation “What is a movement?” from 2005. It analyzes Agamben’s idea of the people as internally divided. Through a juxtaposition with Marx’ notion of the proletariat, the article discusses Agamben’s attempt to develop a inoperative, but nonetheless revolutionary counter-paradigm to the biopolitical power paradigm of the West.
Fra konstituerende magt til destituerende magt:
Authors: Eggers Nicolai Von
Published: May 2019

The Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben’s conception and critique of sovereignty has won him wide and well-deserved acclamation. In this article, however, it is argued that Agamben’s conception of sovereignty is somewhat misplaced, and, as a consequence, his positive political project of developing a ‘destituent power’ (as opposed to constituent power) is highly deficient in terms of construing a popular and viable political alternative. The critique of Agamben is developed through a close reading of Aristotle’s Politics and his notion of kurion. It is argued that Agamben’s flawed conception of sovereignty reemerges symptomatically in his extremely problematic reading of Aristotle’s Politics, and that a viable political alternative to both Agamben’s own project and the conception of politics that he criticizes can be developed through an alternative and closer reading of Aristotle.
Agambens kairologi:
Authors: Knudsen Nicolai Krejberg
Published: May 2019

This article argues that Giorgio Agamben’s conceptions of kairos (the decisive moment) and messianic time are essentially to be understood in terms of experience. This becomes clear when we identify the methodological similarities between Agamben’s reading of Paulus in The Time That Remains and Heidegger’s lectures on Paulus from 1920-21: the doctrine of kairology is different from any eschatology, insofar as it involves an instantaneous modulation of our factical conditions, rather than a removal of them (always yet) to come. In this way, I argue that Agamben echoes Heidegger’s conception of formal indication and enactment-sense. But whereas Heidegger understood this modulation as an anticipatory resoluteness, in which Dasein identifies itself with its calling, Agamben emphasizes the very impossibility of such an identification. This is indeed a decisive difference between Agamben and Heidegger. I show, however, that Agamben phrases this difference in a language that recalls Heidegger’s thought, thus implicitly suggesting that the emancipatory potential of his philosophy is to be understood as the experiential enactment of an impotentiality that undermines any factical condition and any social identity.
Beskrivelse uden sted:
Authors: Andersen Jørn Erslev
Published: May 2019

The essay presents Giorgio Agamben’s theory of the paradigm in the first chapter of The Signature of All Things. On Method (2009) in order to better understand the well-known use of references to and qoutations from literature (poems and novels) in philosophical reasoning and theory. Agamben’s uncommented reference to two short stanzas from Wallace Stevens’ poem “Description without Place”, which he consider the best definition of a paradigmatic ontology, is briefly commented. A gathering of three ‘literary singularities’ from Friedrich Hölderlin/Sophocles, James Joyce, and Samuel Beckett in a suggested paradigm on time is presented as an example of a solely literary way of philosophical thinking.
Hammett de Wim Wenders
Authors: Villenave Baptiste
Published: May 2019

Consacré au Hammett de Wim Wenders, cet article montre que le réalisateur fait de l’auteur un détective hard-boiled, comme ceux de ses livres, de manière à le rendre cinégénique. Il analyse surtout la genèse de l’œuvre littéraire : Wenders propose en effet la « biographie d’une imagination », dans la mesure où la machine à écrire de Hammett se mue en machine cinématographique, suggérant une continuité entre le style de l’auteur, qui serait naturellement cinématographique, et son adaptation.
Dîners imaginaires et repas fantasmes
Authors: Crucifix Edwige
Published: May 2019

Cet article se penche sur certaines particularités narratives de la recette de cuisine contemporaine (ici, le blogue de cuisine), envisagée comme un fantasme de lecture. Convoquant une sensualité de l’imaginaire à travers les indications techniques, la recette se fait espace de projection. La proximité narrative entre le blogue et la littérature gastronomique féminine de l’entre-deux-guerres invite aussi à interroger l’écriture de la recette comme pratique genrée, suggérant un potentiel contestataire.
Utopies et anxiétés de la photographie en régime numérique
Authors: Langford Martha , Lavoie Vincent
Published: May 2019

Évoquée d’abord dans les années 90 alors que la photographie numérique faisait son entrée dans les usages professionnels puis amateurs, la notion de post-photographie est récemment revenue au devant de la scène à la faveur d’expositions et de publications désireuses d’en comprendre les déterminations esthétiques, sociales et économiques. Une mutation des usages photographiques (Facebook, Flickr, Instagram) expliquerait...
Temps et photographies numériques chez les adolescents
Authors: Lachance Jocelyn
Published: May 2019

Quel rôle joue la photographie numérique dans la constitution de la mémoire à l’adolescence contemporaine? Au-delà des traces visuelles qui perdurent et réintroduisent en permanence du passé dans le présent, l’auteur ici interroge comment la répétition de l’acte photographique, désormais banalisée, participe de la construction des souvenirs. La photo ne raviverait pas seulement le souvenir de ce qu’elle représente mais également le souvenir du moment de sa production.
Cecil the Lion's Networked Image
Authors: McManus Karla
Published: May 2019

Through a study of Cecil the Lion, this article considers the role that digital eco-photography plays in our networked media ecology. As images related to his death were disseminated online, Cecil the Lion became an active artefact of environmentalist mass self-communication. On this occasion, online participatory culture harnessed and renewed the genre of eco-photography for purposes of debate and community building, thus providing new outlets for expressing and promoting moral outrage and censure.
IZGRADNJA I ARHITEKTURA ŽUPNE CRKVE U BIJELJINI (1886–1887)
Authors: BOŽIĆ JELENA
Published: May 2019

U članku su dati rezultati istoriografskih istraživanja Župne crkve Prečistog Srca Marijina u Bijeljini, jednog od najranijih projekata Josipa Vancaša, najznačajnijeg arhitekte u istoriji Bosne i Hercegovine. Crkva je zanimljiv i rijedak primjer neoromaničkog stila u arhitektovom opusu sakralnog graditeljstva. Njena posebnost u dominantnoj tipologiji župnih crkava s tornjem prislonjenim uz crkvu ili ugrađenim iznad ulazne fasade je i zvonik odvojen od glavnog korpusa crkve. Ovaj projekat je korišten i za neke kasnije crkve, što je otvorilo i važno pitanje zaštite autorskih prava. Istraživanjima i provedenom cjelovitom analizom i valorizacijom ovog proglašenog nacionalnog spomenika kulture visokih urbanističkih, prostornih, istorijskih i arhitektonskih vrijednosti, proširena su saznanja o sakralnoj graditeljskoj baštini austrougarskog perioda i otklonjeni problemi netačne datacije i atribucije ove župne crkve.
КРИТИКА ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ У КЊИГАМА АЛЕКСЕ П. КАСАПОВИЋА И АМИРА БРКЕ
Authors: ВАСИЋ ДРАГИША
Published: May 2019

Историја се према територијалном критеријуму дијели на локалну, националну и општу. Локална (завичајна) историја омогућава читаоцу осјећај блиског сусрета са прошлим збивањима, те су стога радови ове историографске врсте привлачни шароликој читалачкој публици, па значајно утичу на облико-вање њене историјске свијести, а тиме и идентитета. Док се темама из опште и националне историје углавном баве професионални историчари, теме из локал-не историје чешће обрађују историчари аматери. Међу овим другим има оних које краси истраживачка страст, акрибија, залажење у детаље, оштроумност, начитаност, уважавање постулата историјске науке. На супротној страни, има и аматера, који прошлост не тумаче из ње саме, већ у исту из свога времена про-јектују виртуелна ''права и славу'' заједнице којој припадају (локалне, нацио-налне, вјерске, политичке, професионалне), а неријетко и личне фрустрације. Таква злоупотреба историје усорског краја у књигама Алексе П. Касаповића и Амира Брке предмет је ове критике.
Нада Петровић, Самарџићи у Великом рату и Војсци Краљевине СХС/Југославије 1914–1941., Бањалука 2017, стр. 313
Authors: МАЛОВИЋ ГОЈКО
Published: May 2019

У данима и годинама обиљежавања 100-годишњице Великог (Првог) свјетског рата (1914–1918) уприличено је издање вриједне књиге, која својом централном темом и првенствено не описује ''велике'' свјетске и националне ратне и поратне догађаје, већ тумачи и свједочи о животу у условима рата, рат-ним жртвама и ратним напорима припадника братства (фамилије) Самарџића, као и њиховом мушком учешћу у часном војном занимању – официра и подо-фицира Војске и Морнарице Краљевине (СХС) Југославије (1918–1941).
Енциклопедија Републике Српске, 1, A–Б, Академија наука и умјетности Републике Српске, Бањалука 2017, 783 стр.
Authors: ЂУРАН ГОРАН
Published: May 2019

Почетком октобра 2017. у Академији наука и умјетности Републике Српске свечано је представљен научној и стручној јавности први том Енцикло-педије Републике Српске. На 783 странице двостубачног текста нашле су своје мјесто енциклопедијске одреднице прва два слова азбуке – А и Б.
Часопис ''Топола'', година III, број 3, ЈУ Спомен-подручје Доња Градина, Доња Градина 2017. године, стр. 196
Authors: РАИЛИЋ ОСТОЈА
Published: May 2019

Јавна установа Спомен-подручје Доња Градина 2017. године објавила је трећи број часописа ''Топола''. У овом броју часописа радови су разврстани у рубрике ''Студије о рату и геноциду'', ''Документи и сјећања'' и ''Прилози''. На 196 страна, у три од пет рубрика које чине структуру часописа, једанаест ауто-ра је објавило десет радова. Један рад, онај каоуаторски, објављен је на енгле-ском језику. Самостални радови су објављени на српском језику и то шест радова ћирилицом, а три латиницом. Аутори у овом броју ''Тополе'' су стручни радници из Јавне установе Спомен-подручје Доња Градина, других културних институција са подручја Републике Српске, докторанд Београдског универзите-та, као и други јавни радници из региона и Републике Српске. Одмах после корица, на непагинираној страни, одштампана је честитка и захвалност члано-вима редакције часописа, коју су потписали Војислав Радовановић, директор Јеврејског историјског музеја, и Др Рубен Фокс, председник Савеза јеврејских општина Србије. Трећи број часописа на крају доноси ''Упутство сарадницима'', са приказом структуре ''Тополе'' на српском (стр. 189–192) и енглеском (стр. 193–196) језику, и адресом електронске поште редакције за доставу текстова за следећи број часописа ( redakcija@jusp/donjagradina.org ).
ИЗ РАДА УДРУЖЕЊА АРХИВСКИХ РАДНИКА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ (септембар 2016 – новембар 2017)
Authors: МАЧКИЋ ЗОРАН
Published: May 2019

Удружење је 20. септембра 2016. објавило 7. измијењено и допуњено издање књиге ''Канцеларијско и архивско пословање – приручник за неупућене или подсјетник за упућене'' аутора Зорана С. Мачкића. Књига је у тврдом уве-зу, обима 621 странице формата 22 х 22 цм.Удружење је за раднике у регистратурама организовало три семинара из канцеларијског, архивског и електронског пословања.Десети по реду семинар одржан је 21–23. септембра 2016. у хотелу ''Сан'' у Лакташима. Присуствовала су му 54 полазника. Предавачи на семинару су били др Зоран Ђурић (''Сигурност електронског пословања'' и ''Електронски потпис у пракси Републике Српске''), Чедомир Радуловић (''Електронско посло-вање''), мр Маријана Тодоровић Билић и Оливера Солдатовић (радионице ''Пра-вилник о канцеларијском и архивском пословању'', ''Листа категорија докумен-тарне грађе са роковима чувања'' и ''Евидентирање документарне грађе''), мр Маријана Тодоровић Билић (''Интерна правила управљања документарном гра-ђом''), мр Владан Вуклиш (''Модели вредновања и селекције документарне гра-ђе'') и Зоран С. Мачкић (''Е-писарница и е-архива'').
Retrospective correlation analysis of plasma Immunoglobulin G and clinical performance in CIDP
Authors: Markvardsen Lars Kjøbsted , Bruun-Sørensen Stine , Christiansen Ingelise , Andersen Henning
Published: May 2019

Background

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) can be successfully treated with immunoglobulin either intravenously (IVIG) or subcutaneously (SCIG). Measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G levels (P-IgG) and its correlation to clinical improvement has shown conflicting results. This study aims to clarify whether changes in P-IgG are related to clinical development in patients with CIDP treated with IVIG or SCIG.

Methods

Patients from five previous studies treated with either IVIG or SCIG with evaluation at baseline and re-evaluation after two or 10/12 weeks, respectively were included. At evaluation and re-evaluation, the following tests were done: combined isokinetic muscle strength (cIKS), grip strength, 9-hole-peg test (9-HPT), 40-meter-walk test (40-MWT), clinical examination of muscle strength score by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G (P-IgG).

Results

Fifty-five patients were included in the IVIG group and 41 in the SCIG group. There was no correlation between the changes in P-IgG and cIKS in neither the IVIG group (r = 0.137, p = 0.32) nor the SCIG group (r =  − 0.048, p = 0.77). Similarly, no correlations could be demonstrated between P-IgG and grip strength, 9-HPT, 40-MWT or MRC.

Conclusions

In patients with CIDP receiving SCIG or IVIG, changes in P-IgG during treatment did not correlate with changes in muscle strength or other motor performance skills.
Tissue Protein Carbonylation in Aging: A Strategic Analysis of Age-Related Protein Modification
Authors: Kolawole T. A. , Ilochi O. N. , Oluwatayo B. O. , Chuemere A. N. , Dapper D. V.
Published: May 2019

Free radicals generated in a variety of biological systems have been implicated in mechanisms of aging and age-related pathologies. This study strategically revealed the varying levels of carbonylated proteins in 3 different tissues of 40 wistar rats of varying ages. Their ages include 25-30, 45-50 and 65-70 days. The brain, heart and kidney tissue homogenates were prepared and biochemically analyzed for products of protein oxidation using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and autoantibodies against carbonylated proteins. This study revealed a direct proportional relationship between age and protein carbonylation in brain, heart and kidney tissue homogenates. The level of carbonylated proteins were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in the assayed tissues as all test groups advanced in age. Oxidative modification of proteins in brain and kidney tissues showed similar trend. This age-related biochemical manifestation may be as a result of increased generation of free radicals at mitochondrial level or decreased anti-oxidant defenses as living organisms advance in age.
Liquid Bacillus subtilis Formulation in Rice for the Control of Meloidogyne javanica and Lettuce Improvement
Authors: Lopes Elisete Pedreira , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Xavier Adelica Aparecida , Castro Marcelly Thais de , Alves Renato Martins , Martins Maria Josiane , Almeida Lorena Gracielly de , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Neto José Augusto Dos Santos
Published: May 2019

Aim: To develop a liquid formulation based on Bacillus subtilis-34 using rice to evaluate the shelf life under refrigerated and room conditions and to evaluate the effect of different addition times of the formulation on the control of Meloidogyne javanica and growth of lettuce plants.

Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized, with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott Knott test with 5% error probability.

Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from 02/13/2018 to 03/20/2018 in a greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil.

Methodology: Treatments consisted of drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days;  drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days and in pot at 25 and 35 days; irrigation in pot only at 25 and 35 days after transplanting  and 2 controls (Onix® and absolute control). All pots with plants were inoculated with 5000 nematode eggs. At 45 days of transplanting, the following nematological variables were evaluated: number of galls, number of egg mass, number of eggs per gram and reproduction factor, and agronomic variables fresh and dry biomass.

Results: Additions in the tube and pot and in the pot only were efficient for the reduction in the reproduction of M. javanica and for the improvement of lettuce plant growth.

Conclusion: B. subtilis-34 remains viable until 9 months in formulation stored under the refrigerator and up to 7 months under room conditions.
Topology and enzymatic properties of a canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 isoform
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Pessey Ombeline , Marcia Marco
Published: May 2019

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) catalyses monoubiquitination of histone H2A on Lys119, promoting gene silencing. Cells at different developmental stages and in different tissues express different PRC1 isoforms. The topology, subunit composition, structural architecture and molecular mechanism of most of these isoforms are still poorly characterized. Here, we have purified a PRC1 isoform comprising subunits RING1B, PCGF2, CBX2 and PHC2, two stable subcomplexes (RING1B‐PCGF2 and RING1B‐PHC2) and the catalytic subunit RING1B in isolation. By crosslinking mass spectrometry, we identified novel interactions between RING1B and the three non‐catalytic subunits. Biochemical, biophysical, and enzymatic data suggest that CBX2 and PHC2 play a structural role, whereas PCGF2 also modulates catalysis. Our data offer insights into the molecular architecture of PRC1 and its histone ubiquitination activity.
Fibroblast growth factor signals regulate transforming growth factor‐β‐induced endothelial‐to‐myofibroblast transition of tumor endothelial cells via Elk1
Authors: Akatsu Yuichi , Takahashi Naoya , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Kimuro Shiori , Muramatsu Tomoki , Katsura Akihiro , Maishi Nako , Suzuki Hiroshi I. , Inazawa Johji , Hida Kyoko , Miyazono Kohei , Watabe Tetsuro
Published: May 2019

The tumor microenvironment contains various components, including cancer cells, tumor vessels, and cancer‐associated fibroblasts, the latter of which are comprised of tumor‐promoting myofibroblasts and tumor‐suppressing fibroblasts. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) induces the formation of myofibroblasts and other types of mesenchymal (non‐myofibroblastic) cells from endothelial cells. Recent reports show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) modulates TGF‐β‐induced mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells, but the molecular mechanisms behind the signals that control transcriptional networks during the formation of different groups of fibroblasts remain largely unclear. Here, we studied the roles of FGF2 during the regulation of TGF‐β‐induced mesenchymal transition of tumor endothelial cells (TECs). We demonstrated that auto/paracrine FGF signals in TECs inhibit TGF‐β‐induced endothelial‐to‐myofibroblast transition (End‐MyoT), leading to suppressed formation of contractile myofibroblast cells, but on the other hand can also collaborate with TGF‐β in promoting the formation of active fibroblastic cells which have migratory and proliferative properties. FGF2 modulated TGF‐β‐induced formation of myofibroblastic and non‐myofibroblastic cells from TECs via transcriptional regulation of various mesenchymal markers and growth factors. Furthermore, we observed that TECs treated with TGF‐β were more competent in promoting in vivo tumor growth than TECs treated with TGF‐β and FGF2. Mechanistically, we showed that Elk1 mediated FGF2‐induced inhibition of End‐MyoT via inhibition of TGF‐β‐induced transcriptional activation of α‐smooth muscle actin promoter by myocardin‐related transcription factor‐A. Our data suggest that TGF‐β and FGF2 oppose and cooperate with each other during the formation of myofibroblastic and non‐myofibroblastic cells from TECs, which in turn determines the characteristics of mesenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Energy Coupling Mechanisms and Scaling Behavior Associated with Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ye Jianchao , Khairallah Saad A. , Rubenchik Alexander M. , Crumb Michael F. , Guss Gabe , Belak Jim , Matthews Manyalibo J.
Published: May 2019

In situ optical absorptivity measurements are carried out to clarify the physics of the laser‐material interactions involved and to validate both finite element and analytical models describing laser powder bed fusion processing. Absorption of laser energy is evaluated directly using precise calorimetry measurements and compared to melt pool depths for common structural metal alloys (Ti‐6Al‐4V, Inconel 625, and stainless steel 316L) as a function of incident laser power, scan velocity and laser beam diameter. Changes in both absorptivity and melt pool depths for all materials are found to vary strongly across the conduction‐keyhole mode threshold. A hydrodynamic finite element model is coupled to a ray‐tracing‐based absorptivity model, yielding excellent agreement with the experimental results and elucidating additional physics. The experimental results are further analyzed using normalized enthalpy (β) and normalized thermal diffusion length (L*th) relations and demonstrate that the normalized melt pool depth (d* = d/a, where d is melt pool depth and a is beam radius) is proportional to βL*th, while absorptivity follows an asymptotic exponential function against βL*th. Expressions for melt pool depth and laser absorptivity across different materials and laser scan systems are derived and thus provide useful tools to accelerate the optimization of laser processing parameters for metal 3D printing processes.
Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Dincer Can , Bruch Richard , Costa‐Rama Estefanía , Fernández‐Abedul Maria Teresa , Merkoçi Arben , Manz Andreas , Urban Gerald Anton , Güder Firat
Published: May 2019

Disposable sensors are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use sensing devices intended for short‐term or rapid single‐point measurements. The growing demand for fast, accessible, and reliable information in a vastly connected world makes disposable sensors increasingly important. The areas of application for such devices are numerous, ranging from pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, forensic, and food sciences to wearables and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource‐limited settings. The capabilities of disposable sensors can extend beyond measuring traditional physical quantities (for example, temperature or pressure); they can provide critical chemical and biological information (chemo‐ and biosensors) that can be digitized and made available to users and centralized/decentralized facilities for data storage, remotely. These features could pave the way for new classes of low‐cost systems for health, food, and environmental monitoring that can democratize sensing across the globe. Here, a brief insight into the materials and basics of sensors (methods of transduction, molecular recognition, and amplification) is provided followed by a comprehensive and critical overview of the disposable sensors currently used for medical diagnostics, food, and environmental analysis. Finally, views on how the field of disposable sensing devices will continue its evolution are discussed, including the future trends, challenges, and opportunities.
Rational Kinetics Control toward Universal Growth of 2D Vertically Stacked Heterostructures
Authors: Li Fang , Feng Yexin , Li Ziwei , Ma Chao , Qu Junyu , Wu Xueping , Li Dong , Zhang Xuehong , Yang Tiefeng , He Yunqiu , Li Honglai , Hu Xuelu , Fan Peng , Chen Ying , Zheng Biyuan , Zhu Xiaoli , Wang Xiao , Duan Xiangfeng , Pan Anlian
Published: May 2019

The rational control of the nucleation and growth kinetics to enable the growth of 2D vertical heterostructure remains a great challenge. Here, an in‐depth study is provided toward understanding the growth mechanism of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) vertical heterostructures in terms of the nucleation and kinetics, where active clusters with a high diffusion barrier will induce the nucleation on top of the TMDC templates to realize vertical heterostructures. Based on this mechanism, in the experiment, through rational control of the metal/chalcogenide ratio in the vapor precursors, effective manipulation of the diffusion barrier of the active clusters and precise control of the heteroepitaxy direction are realized. In this way, a family of vertical TMDCs heterostructures is successfully designed. Optical studies and scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations exhibit that the resulting heterostructures possess atomic sharp interfaces without apparent alloying and defects. This study provides a deep understanding regarding the growth mechanism in terms of the nucleation and kinetics and the robust growth of 2D vertical heterostructures, defining a versatile material platform for fundamental studies and potential device applications.
Light‐Responsive Polymer Membranes
Authors: Pantuso Elvira , De Filpo Giovanni , Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale
Published: May 2019

Stimuli‐responsive polymer membranes have gained particular attention for the ability to tune opportunely their physicochemical properties under the application of an external stimulus. Heat, pH value, ionic strength, pressure, humidity, electric and magnetic fields, antigen/antibody interactions, chemical reactions, and light can be used as triggers for specific responses in polymer membranes. In particular, light is a fascinating stimulus, as it is a green energy, which can be modulated in a precise and convenient way. In addition, it allows remote and contactless interactions without changing the original chemical environment. This review reports recent progresses in light‐responsive polymer membranes with particular attention to chemical groups and responsive mechanisms.
Fast Acoustic Light Sculpting for On‐Demand Maskless Lithography
Authors: Surdo Salvatore , Duocastella Martí
Published: May 2019

Light interference is the primary enabler of a number of optical maskless techniques for the large‐scale processing of materials at the nanoscale. However, methods controlling interference phenomena can be limited in speed, ease of implementation, or the selection of pattern designs. Here, an optofluidic system that employs acoustic standing waves in a liquid to produce complex interference patterns at sub‐microsecond temporal resolution, faster than the pulse‐to‐pulse period of many commercial laser systems, is presented. By controlling the frequency of the acoustic waves and the motion of a translation stage, additive and subtractive direct‐writing of tailored patterns over cm2 areas with sub‐wavelength uniformity in periodicity and scalable spatial resolution, down to the nanometric range, are demonstrated. Such on‐the‐fly dynamic control of light enhances throughput and design flexibility of optical maskless lithography, helping to expand its application portfolio to areas as important as plasmonics, electronics, or metamaterials.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of biofilm clogging and chemical oxygen demand removal in porous media
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Wang Junye
Published: May 2019

Understanding mechanisms of controlling the bacteria growth and degradation of pollutants is critical for effective improvements in water treatment and bioremediation in porous media. In this study, we developed an integrated model of individual‐based model and multicomponent lattice Boltzmann method to study interactions of oxygen, bioclogging, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and their influence on growth and permeability of microbial biofilms. We found biofilm growth to be very heterogeneous on the surface of the solid matrix and pores. There is a biofilm porosity threshold. Beyond this threshold, the porosity of biofilm has no obvious influence on the flow rate and COD removal. We also studied the influence of initial cell populations, bulk oxygen concentration and biofilm permeability on the flow rate and COD removal. It demonstrated the capability of the present model to investigate biofilm growth, clogging and contaminants degradation in porous media, and its potential applications in water treatment.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Indolyl Homopropargyl Amides: Stereospecific Construction of Bridged Aza‐[n.2.1] Skeletons
Authors: Tan Tong‐De , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Bu Hao‐Zhen , Deng Guocheng , Chen Yang‐Bo , Liu Rai‐Shung , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: May 2019

Catalytic cycloisomerization‐initiated cascade cyclizations of terminal alkynes have received tremendous interest, and been widely used in the facile synthesis of a diverse array of valuable complex heterocycles. However, these tandem reactions have been mostly limited to noble‐metal catalysis, and are initiated by an exo‐cyclization pathway. Reported herein is an unprecedented copper‐catalyzed endo‐cyclization‐initiated tandem reaction of indolyl homopropargyl amides, where copper catalyzes both the hydroamination and Friedel–Crafts alkylation process. This method allows the practical and atom‐economical synthesis of valuable bridged aza‐[n.2.1] skeletons (n=3–6) with wide substrate scope, and excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity by a chirality‐transfer strategy. Moreover, the mechanistic rationale for this novel cascade cyclization is also strongly supported by control experiments, and is distinctively different from the related gold catalysis.
An Isolable Silicon Analogue of a Ketone that Contains an Unperturbed Si=O Double Bond
Authors: Kobayashi Ryo , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: May 2019

Despite tremendous efforts to synthesize isolable compounds with an Si=O bond, silicon analogues of ketones that contain an unperturbed Si=O bond have remained elusive for more than 100 years. Herein, we report the synthesis of an isolable silicon analogue of a ketone that exhibits a three‐coordinate silicon center and an unperturbed Si=O bond, thus representing the first example of a genuine silanone. Most importantly, this silanone does not require coordination by Lewis bases and acids and/or the introduction of electron‐donating groups to stabilize the Si=O bond. The structure and properties of this unperturbed Si=O bond were examined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Bimolecular reactions revealed high electrophilicity on the Si atom and high nucleophilicity on the O atom of this genuine Si=O bond.
Morphology‐Engineered Highly Active and Stable Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for Selective CO Methanation
Authors: Chen Shilong , Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. , Li Dan , Bansmann Joachim , Cisneros Sebastian , Biskupek Johannes , Huang Weixin , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Ru/TiO2 catalysts exhibit an exceptionally high activity in the selective methanation of CO in CO2‐ and H2‐rich reformates, but suffer from continuous deactivation during reaction. This limitation can be overcome through the fabrication of highly active and non‐deactivating Ru/TiO2 catalysts by engineering the morphology of the TiO2 support. Using anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with mainly {001}, {100}, or {101} facets exposed, we show that after an initial activation period Ru/TiO2‐{100} and Ru/TiO2‐{101} are very stable, while Ru/TiO2‐{001} deactivates continuously. Employing different operando/in situ spectroscopies and ex situ characterizations, we show that differences in the catalytic stability are related to differences in the metal–support interactions (MSIs). The stronger MSIs on the defect‐rich TiO2‐{100} and TiO2‐{101} supports stabilize flat Ru nanoparticles, while on TiO2‐{001} hemispherical particles develop. The former MSIs also lead to electronic modifications of Ru surface atoms, reflected by the stronger bonding of adsorbed CO on those catalysts than on Ru/TiO2‐{001}.
Influence of pulp bleaching and compatibilizer selection on performance of pulp fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites
Authors: Peltola Heidi , Immonen Kirsi , Johansson Leena‐Sisko , Virkajärvi Jussi , Sandquist David
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the effect of pulp bleaching and emerging commercial compatibilizers on physical performance of pulp fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites. Industrially bleached and unbleached hardwood kraft pulp fibers are treated with several additive types, and compounded with PLA to fiber content of 30 wt %. After injection molding, the produced biocomposites are evaluated by their mechanical performance and fiber–matrix adhesion. For selected materials, fiber surface and fiber properties are reflected to composite performance by analyzing the compositions, dimensions, and lignin coverage of original fibers, as well as fiber dispersion and dimensions after melt processing. As a conclusion, unbleached kraft pulp fibers provide significant improvement in physical properties of PLA/pulp fiber composites. Of the screened compatibilizers, epoxidated linseed oil has a clear positive effect on performance when bleached kraft pulp fibers are used. The improvements correspond to enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion and differences in remaining fiber length distributions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47955.
Rheological behavior and morphological and interfacial properties of PLA/TPE blends
Authors: Bernardes Giordano Pierozan , da Rosa Luiz Nathália , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes , de Camargo Forte Maria Madalena
Published: May 2019

Rheological and interfacial tension data were employed to predict the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of noncompatibilized and compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends. PLA was melt blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ethylene elastomer (EE) and compatibilized by ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) in an internal mixer chamber. Both TPU and EE TPEs have higher viscosities than PLA, and the interfacial properties evaluated have revealed better adhesion between domains of PLA–TPU. The efficiency of the compatibilizer agent EBG depended on the TPE type inferred by modifications in the scanning electron microscopy images of PLA/TPE blends and by the Izod impact strength (improved by 23%). The EBG was more effective in the PLA/TPU blend. The TPEs and EBG did not affect the PLA thermal stability, and no thermal event was observed in the usual PLA extrusion and injection temperature range. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47962.
The Social Construction of Risk in Digital Preservation
Authors: Frank Rebecca D.
Published: May 2019

Digital information is fragile, yet access to digital information over time is a critical underpinning of core values and functions in our society, from open government to research and scholarship. Digital preservation research has focused on identifying technical, economic, and organizational sources of risk and has relied on an assumption that individuals will behave in rational and predictable ways in response to the same information. This article asserts that viewing digital preservation as a process that takes place in complex social contexts is just as important as thinking about digital preservation in terms of technological or economic issues. This is particularly important for understanding how individuals involved in digital preservation construct their understanding of risk because social factors influence how people construct their understanding of, and behave in response to, risk information. The author proposes an eight‐factor model for the social construction of risk, which includes: communication, complexity, expertise, organizations, political culture, trust, uncertainty, and vulnerability. The article demonstrates how these factors influence individuals as they construct their understanding of risk in the context of digital preservation and how this in turn affects digital preservation decisions.
‘It's not bullying’, ‘It's just a joke’: Teacher and student discursive manoeuvres around gendered violence
Authors: Rawlings Victoria
Published: May 2019

Threats or harassment related to the enforcement of gender norms remain largely unchallenged in many schools. Possibilities for meaningful interventions have been undermined by an over‐reliance on individual, psycho‐pathologised understandings of ‘bullying’ and a reluctance to examine contextual and socio‐cultural mechanisms of power. Poststructural feminist approaches offer an alternative view of gendered violence and its responses—one that focuses on the meanings that individuals and groups constitute through discourse around gender, violence and ‘bullying’. This article examines focus group data from teachers and students from one Australian school that experienced a significant event of gendered violence referred to as ‘Kick a slut in the head day’. Results demonstrate that participants minimised or dismissed the ‘seriousness’ of this event through employing particular ‘discursive manoeuvres’ drawn from hegemonic discourses of ‘bullying’. Teachers utilised essentialist discourses to illustrate that the incident was ‘not bullying’, while students suggested that it was a ‘joke’ or that the girl/s were deserving of the treatment. These findings suggest that ‘discursive manoeuvres’ are a helpful indicator for understanding contextual resistance to addressing gendered violence.
Prenatal Adversity Modulates the Quality of Maternal Care Via the Exposed Offspring
Authors: John Rosalind M.
Published: May 2019

Adversities in pregnancy, including poor diet and stress, are associated with increased risk of developing both metabolic and mental health disorders later in life, a phenomenon described as fetal programming or developmental origins of disease. Predominant hypotheses proposed to explain this relationship suggest that the adversity imposes direct changes to the developing fetus which are maintained after birth resulting in an increased susceptibility to ill health. However, during pregnancy the mother, the developing fetus, and the placenta are all exposed to the adversity. The same adversities linked to altered offspring outcome can also result in suboptimal maternal care, which is considered an independent adverse exposure for the offspring. Recent key experiments in mice reveal the potential of prenatal adversity to drive alterations in maternal care through abnormal maternal–pup interactions and via alterations in placental signaling. Together, these data highlight the critical importance of viewing fetal programming holistically paying attention to the intimate, bidirectional, and reiterative relationship between mothers and their offspring.
Characterisation of the Dynamic Interactions between Complex N‐Glycans and Human CD22
Authors: Di Carluccio Cristina , Crisman Enrique , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Forgione Rosa Ester , Lacetera Alessandra , Amato Jussara , Pagano Bruno , Randazzo Antonio , Zampella Angela , Lanzetta Rosa , Fukase Koichi , Molinaro Antonio , Crocker Paul R. , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles , Marchetti Roberta , Silipo Alba
Published: May 2019

CD22 (Siglec‐2) is a B‐cell surface inhibitory protein capable of selectively recognising sialylated glycans, thus dampening autoimmune responses against self‐antigens. Here we have characterised the dynamic recognition of complex‐type N‐glycans by human CD22 by means of orthogonal approaches including NMR spectroscopy, computational methods and biophysical assays. We provide new molecular insights into the binding mode of sialoglycans in complex with h‐CD22, highlighting the role of the sialic acid galactose moieties in the recognition process, elucidating the conformational behaviour of complex‐type N‐glycans bound to Siglec‐2 and dissecting the formation of CD22 homo‐oligomers on the B‐cell surface. Our results could enable the development of additional therapeutics capable of modulating the activity of h‐CD22 in autoimmune diseases and malignancies derived from B‐cells.