bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dye-based chromoendoscopy detects more neoplasia than white light endoscopy
in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD
Authors: Motta Rodrigo V , Gupta Vipin , Hartery Karen , Bassett Paul , Leedham Simon J , Chapman Roger W , Travis Simon PL , Culver Emma L , East James E.
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of colorectal cancer. There is no
agreement on the best technique for surveillance for colorectal neoplasia. We aimed to
assess whether chromoendoscopy and/or high-definition endoscopy is associated with
increased detection of neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
undergoing surveillance compared with when they were not used.

Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective, observational
study designed to analyze differences in the detection of neoplasia (adenomatous and
serrated) among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD who underwent
annual surveillance between 2010 and 2020. Multilevel logistic regression was used to
adjust for confounders.

Results Ninety-one patients were identified, resulting in 359 colonoscopies with
360 person-years of follow up. Over the study period, 22 of 91 patients (24%) had at
least one neoplastic lesion identified; however, the mean neoplastic lesion rate was
0.87 (54/63) for the primary sclerosing cholangitis-ulcerative colitis subgroup compared
with 0.24 (4/17) for the primary sclerosing cholangitis-Crohn’s disease subgroup.
Chromoendoscopy was associated with a significantly higher detection rate for neoplasia
(odds ratio [OR] 5.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–14.9,P=0.001), and this
association remained after adjusting for confounders, including high-definition
endoscopy. High-definition endoscopes had a higher rate of neoplasia detection, but the
significance was lost after adjustment for confounders, including chromoendoscopy (OR
1.93, 95% CI 0.69–5.40, P=0.21).

Conclusions Chromoendoscopy is associated with a higher detection rate for
neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD even with
high-definition colonoscopes.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates Surviving Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Compared with a Matched Unexposed Group in a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Pettway Bria L. , Boller Marie J. , Hung Yun-Yi , Onyewuenyi Ticara L. , Ritterman Weintraub Miranda , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , O'Donnell Betsy , Regenstein Anne
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for neonates affected by fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) and compare them with an unexposed group.

Study Design A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted within a large integrated medical system spanning from 2008 to 2018. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonatal survivors of FMH were compared with matched controls. Clinically significant FMH in survivors was defined by maternal flow cytometry for fetal hemoglobin result of >0.10% and neonatal transfusion requirement. One unexposed infant was identified for each surviving FMH-exposed infant, matched by gestational age at delivery (±1 week), birth year, sex, and race/ethnicity. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment, identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th Revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes. Results were presented as proportions, means, medians, and interquartile ranges. Comparisons were performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to examine associations between cognitive and developmental outcomes and FMH exposure.

Results Among 137 pregnancies with clinically significant FMH, 80 resulted in intrauterine demise, 57 neonates required blood transfusion, and 4 neonates requiring transfusion demised during birth hospitalization. No significant difference in rates of neurodevelopmental impairment was found between FMH-exposed and unexposed infants (26.4 vs. 24.6%, p = 0.8). Similar findings were observed in preterm (37 vs. 31.6%, p = 0.7) and term neonates (15.4 vs. 14.8%, p = 1.0). Cox regression showed no significant association between neurodevelopmental outcomes and FMH exposure (1.17 [95% CI: 0.61–2.22]; p = 0.6).

Conclusion Despite the significant perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with FMH, surviving infants did not show a significant difference in neurodevelopmental diagnoses compared to matched unexposed infants. However, definitive conclusions are limited due to the rarity of FMH requiring transfusion and the small exposed sample size, warranting further evaluation in a larger cohort.

Key Points
Effect of human sound component on the sociability of urban public spaces—a case study in Sheffield, UK
Authors: Cao Jingwen , Kang Jian
Published: November 2024

Soundscape quality is important for fostering social interactions in urban public spaces. This study focuses on how and to what extent the compositions of the soundscape affect the sociability of urban public spaces where human sound is focused. Four 360° experimental soundscape samples were designed as foreground/background/no human sound type and signal sound type, based on the raw data collected in Peace Gardens, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Following Affordance Theory, sociability was analyzed by the experimental survey through two aspects—suitability and stimulation level—through a questionnaire consisting of Soundscape Quality evaluation (SQE) and Level of Willingness for social interactions (LoW), respectively. 120 participants were recruited in the same site representing the compositions of space users. Results show that only foreground human sound type significantly enhanced both suitability and stimulation levels, other samples were evaluated with either high suitability/low stimulation or low suitability/high stimulation. Results indicate people prefer a human sound dominated soundscape with high complexity and this preference was varied among different companion types and age groups. To achieve high sociability, it is suggested to create a complex and eventful soundscape within the range of pleasantness accompanied by a centripetal spatial form, and concerns users' diverse demographic backgrounds.
Magnetic force microscopy: High quality-factor two-pass mode
Authors: Habenschaden Christopher , Sievers Sibylle , Klasen Alexander , Cerreta Andrea , Schumacher Hans Werner
Published: November 2024

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a well-established technique in scanning probe microscopy that allows for the imaging of magnetic samples with a spatial resolution of tens of nm and stray fields down to the mT range. The spatial resolution and field sensitivity can be significantly improved by measuring in vacuum conditions. This improvement originates from the higher quality-factor (Q-factor) of the cantilever’s oscillation in vacuum compared to ambient conditions. However, while high Q-factors are desirable as they directly enhance the magnetic measurement signal, they pose a challenge when performing standard MFM two-pass (lift) mode measurements. At high Q-factors, amplitude-based topography measurements become impossible, and the MFM phase response behaves non-linearly. Here, we present a modified two-pass mode implementation in a vacuum atomic force microscope that addresses these issues. By controlling the Q-factor in the first pass and using a phase-locked loop technique in the second pass, high Q-factor measurements in vacuum are enabled. Measuring the cantilever’s frequency shift instead of the phase shift eliminates the issue of emerging nonlinearities. The improvements in MFM signal-to-noise ratio are demonstrated using a nano-patterned magnetic sample. The elimination of non-linear responses is highlighted through measurements performed on a well-characterized multilayer reference sample. Finally, we discuss a technique that avoids topography-induced artifacts by following the average sample slope. The newly developed, sensitive, and distortion-free high quality-factor two-pass mode has the potential to be widely implemented in commercial setups, facilitating high-resolution MFM measurements and advancing studies of modern magnetic materials.
Non-adiabatic coupling matrix elements in a magnetic field: Geometric gauge dependence and Berry phase
Authors: Culpitt Tanner , Tellgren Erik I. , Peters Laurens D. M. , Helgaker Trygve
Published: November 2024

Non-adiabatic coupling matrix elements (NACMEs) are important in quantum chemistry, particularly for molecular dynamics methods such as surface hopping. However, NACMEs are gauge dependent. This presents a difficulty for their calculation in general, where there are no restrictions on the gauge function except that it be differentiable. These cases are relevant for complex-valued electronic wave functions, such as those that arise in the presence of a magnetic field or spin–orbit coupling. In addition, the Berry curvature and Berry force play an important role in molecular dynamics in a magnetic field and are also relevant in the context of spin–orbit coupling. For methods such as surface hopping, excited-state Berry curvatures will also be of interest. With this in mind, we have developed a scheme for the calculation of continuous, differentiable NACMEs as a function of the molecular geometry for complex-valued wave functions. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method using the H2 molecule at the full configuration–interaction (FCI) level of theory. In addition, ground- and excited-state Berry curvatures are computed for the first time using FCI theory. Finally, Berry phases are computed directly in terms of diagonal NACMEs.
Data-driven inference of high-dimensional spatiotemporal state of plasma systems
Authors: Reza M. , Faraji F. , Kutz J. N.
Published: November 2024

Many plasma systems and technologies, such as Hall thrusters for spacecraft propulsion, exhibit complex underlying physics that affect the global operation. When characterizing such systems in an experiment, obtaining full spatiotemporal maps of the involved state variables can be, thus, highly informative. However, this goal is not practically realizable because of various experimental limitations, e.g., finite spatial resolution of the diagnostics and geometrical accessibility constraints. Therefore, having the capability to reconstruct the full high-dimensional states of plasma systems from low-dimensional time-history measurements is greatly desirable. Compressed sensing is a signal processing technique that can answer this crucial need. However, existing compressed sensing approaches have several limitations that restrict their effectiveness for complex physical systems like plasma technologies. These include the need for abundant sensor measurements and a principled sensor placement. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities of Shallow Recurrent Decoder (SHRED) architecture for compressed sensing. We show in several plasma test cases that SHRED can robustly infer full high-dimensional spatiotemporal state vectors of these systems (i.e., all macroscopic plasma properties) from minimal system information. This minimal information can consist of three finite time-history measurements of either local values of a plasma property or the global plasma properties (spatially averaged or performance parameters). An application of SHRED's inference capability in the numerical plasma simulation context is “super-resolution” enhancement. We will discuss this application by presenting how SHRED can effectively establish mappings between a low-resolution and a high-resolution simulation, recovering detailed spatial plasma features that are below the simulation's grid size.
Optical parametric amplification and oscillation in nonlinear chiral media
Authors: Flytzanis Christos , Jonsson Fredrik , Agrawal Govind P.
Published: November 2024

We discuss the nonlinear process of optical parametric amplification inside a chiral crystal. We show that circular birefringence, induced by chirality, leads to two different nonlinear processes with different phase-matching conditions that are associated with the opposite states of circular polarizations. A single nonlinear process occurs only when the states of polarization of the incident pump and signal beams are both circular and orthogonal. When these beams are linearly polarized initially, their state of polarization evolves in an elliptical fashion because of the two competing nonlinear processes taking place in parallel. We also discuss the properties of singly and doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators made by placing a chiral nonlinear crystal inside an optical cavity.
Competing mechanisms of charge-induced electric field distortion and charge-involved neutralization on surface discharge
Authors: Zhang Boya , Li Yixuan , Tao Haifei , Li Jie , Li Kaixuan , Li Xingwen
Published: November 2024

Charge-induced surface discharge poses a critical risk to the operational reliability of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated equipment and pulsed power system. In this study, we investigate the effects of charge-induced electric field distortion and charge involvement during surface discharge by separately depositing charge spots on two dielectric layers. The results show that deposited positive charges inhibit positive streamer development, whereas negative charges facilitate it, primarily due to electric field distortion induced by deposited charges. Nevertheless, the involvement of deposited charges in streamer development predominantly exhibits a neutralizing effect, exerting an opposite influence on the streamers. This highlights a competitive relationship between deposited charge involvement and electric field distortion. Additionally, the neutralization of deposited charges with electron avalanches reduces the impact of charge-induced electric field distortion, thereby mitigating its effects on discharge.
Manipulation of ionic transport behavior in smart nanochannels by diffuse bipolar soft layer
Authors: Heydari Amirhossein , Khatibi Mahdi , Ashrafizadeh Seyed Nezameddin
Published: November 2024

Soft bipolar nanochannels provide distinct and valuable understanding of the intricate relationship among shape, charge distribution, concentration, and flow dynamics. This study investigates the intriguing realm of nanoscale structures, where two distinct configurations of soft layers with varying charges provide an intricate but appealing setting for the movement and management of ions, as well as the regulation and control of ionic species in nanochannels with five various geometries. It generates cylindrical, trumpet, dumbbell, hourglass, and conical forms. The nanochannels are coated with a diffuse polyelectrolyte layer, and the charge density distribution in the soft layer is described using the soft step distribution function. To enhance accuracy, the impact of ionic partitioning is taken into account. To investigate the effect of soft layer polarity, two types were considered: Type I and Type II. In Type I, the negative pole is at the start, while in Type II, the positive pole is at the start. Thus, Type I features a bipolar soft layer arrangement of negative–positive (NP), whereas Type II has a positive–negative (PN) configuration. The research was conducted under stationary conditions using the finite element method, Poisson–Nernst–Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations. By manipulating variables such as the arrangement order, charge density of the soft layer, and bulk concentration, a numerical analysis was performed to investigate the impact of these variables on current–voltage parameters. The results demonstrate the soft layer with a positive charge serves as a more effective receiver layer for generating greater rectification. For instance, the dumbbell-shaped nanochannel exhibits a rectification of 2046 at a concentration of 1 mM and the lowest charge density in the soft layer. From an alternative perspective, the conductivity in bipolar nanochannels is significantly influenced by the bulk concentration. The study's findings on the fundamental principles of soft bipolar nanochannels have profound implications for the diverse applications of nanochannels. The capacity to regulate and manipulate ion transport through these nanochannels can result in enhanced efficiency, selectivity, and performance in various processes.
Thickness-dependent nanoscale friction across the first-order charge density wave phase transition in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Liu Changtao , Wang Wen
Published: November 2024

The layered charge density wave (CDW) phase transition material 1T-TaS2 has garnered significant attention due to its modulable bandgap and electrical transport properties. These unique properties make 1T-TaS2 highly promising for applications in fields such as optoelectronic devices and microstructure physics devices. In various micro-/nanodevices made from quasi-two-dimensional 1T-TaS2, it is often utilized in thin layers, making the understanding of its frictional properties crucial for practical applications. However, the layer-dependent frictional properties of 1T-TaS2 have not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, we examine the CDW phase transition between the nearly commensurate (NCCDW) and commensurate (CCDW) phases in 1T-TaS2 around 183 K using atomic force microscopy, focusing on the number of layers in the samples. Our results indicate that for thicker samples with more than approximately 17 layers, a friction peak is observed during the NCCDW–CCDW phase transition. In contrast, thinner samples do not exhibit this friction peak, and their friction continuously increases as the temperature decreases. This behavior is attributed to the suppressed NCCDW–CCDW phase transition in thinner samples. These results enhance our understanding of the frictional behavior of 1T-TaS2 in the context of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems. Furthermore, our observations offer a straightforward method to identify the NCCDW–CCDW phase transition, providing an alternative to traditional, more complex techniques such as electrical resistance measurements and Raman spectroscopy.
Cavitation intensity prediction and optimization for a Venturi cavitation reactor using deep learning
Authors: You Weibin , Liu Teng , Manickam Sivakumar , Wang Jilai , Wang Wenlong , Sun Xun
Published: November 2024

The Venturi reactor, widely used in process intensification through hydrodynamic cavitation technology, has proven highly effective in various chemical and environmental applications. The cavitation intensity of a Venturi is primarily influenced by shape parameters such as the convergent angle (β1), throat diameter (dth), throat length (lth), and divergent angle (β2). However, the impact of these parameters on cavitation intensity has not been sufficiently clarified. In this study, the structural optimization of a Venturi reactor was accomplished by integrating deep neural networks with particle swarm optimization. The Cavitation Intensity Prediction Network model, which combines artificial neural networks and numerical simulation, was used to establish the nonlinear relationship between shape parameters and cavitation intensity. Partial dependence plots and individual conditional expectation plots were utilized to clarify the influence of each parameter. The findings reveal that the cavitation intensity of the optimal Venturi is 2.76 times greater than that of the original design. Reducing β1 resulted in a swift conversion of static pressure into dynamic pressure, but it also caused an uneven distribution of fluid velocity. To reduce this unevenness and allow the dynamic pressure in the throat to reach its peak, which is advantageous for cavitation generation, lth should be extended. dth directly influenced the efficiency of converting static pressure into dynamic pressure and was a key factor in determining cavitation intensity. β2 indirectly impacted cavitation intensity by modulating the space available for cavitation development. The insights gained from this study may provide valuable guidance for designing Venturis in process intensification applications.
Flow-induced vibrations of an equilateral triangular prism at subcritical Reynolds number
Authors: Zhao Yawei , Chen Weilin , Ji Chunning , Zhang Zhimeng
Published: November 2024

It has been well known that the shear layers behind a prism at subcritical Reynolds number (Re) remain persistently stable. However, potential response of an elastically mounted non-circular prism at subcritical Re is still open. In this study, we numerically investigate the flow-induced vibrations of an equilateral triangular prism at subcritical laminar flow using the immersed boundary method. The prism is allowed to vibrate only in the transverse direction. It is found that the prism vibration could be excited and sustained at subcritical Re due to the instability triggered by the prism's movability. Within angles of attack α = 0°–60°, the triangular prism experiences three responses: i.e., vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at α = 0°–30°, large-amplitude vibration at α = 37.5°–46.5°, and galloping at α = 47.5°–60°. The characteristics of vibration amplitude, frequency, and dependence of fluid forces on reduced velocity and α are investigated. Eight different wake modes exist behind the prism, i.e., one stable mode, two shear layer modes, and five vortex shedding modes. In the VIV regime, the 2S mode (2 single vortices per vibration cycle) is the only vortex shedding mode, while the vortex shedding mode with more than two vortices is unique in the other two regimes. In the end, we discuss (i) the influences of Re and mass ratio and (ii) prediction of the galloping instability using quasi-steady analysis. It is found that three different response regimes are noticed, although their characteristics are strongly affected by the two factors. Quasi-steady approach could provide a reasonable prediction of the emergence of galloping instability for non-circular prism.
Quantum-kinetic chemistry model with an anharmonic oscillator model: Model extension and validation
Authors: Civrais C. H. B. , White C. , Steijl R.
Published: November 2024

This work proposes an extended version of the quantum-kinetic chemistry models, aiming to accurately reproduce experimental measurements and high-fidelity calculations in both thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium. The extension involves the development of new formulations, incorporating a set of tunable parameters obtained from a non-linear least squares fit on the dataset. The newly derived analytical expressions are implemented in a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solver. These formulations are applied to the 19 most representative chemical reactions of an air mixture involving dissociation and exchange reactions. The DSMC reaction rates demonstrate excellent agreement with the newly derived analytical expressions, providing verification of the successful implementation in the DSMC solver. The study demonstrates excellent reproduction of the baseline dataset for both thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium. Furthermore, the new formulations are applied to simulate the surface heat flux during the second space transport system (STS-II) mission at an altitude of 92.35 km.
Glow-to-arc transition in graphite cathode with high-current magnetron discharge
Authors: Morel Erwan , Rozier Yoann , Minea Tiberiu
Published: November 2024

The glow-to-arc transition is a critical phenomenon in plasma discharges, commonly leading to detrimental effects. The physical mechanisms triggering this transition remain poorly understood. The advent of a discharge called Hyper-Power Impulse Magnetron has opened possibilities. Hyper-Power Impulse Magnetron allows the glow mode to be maintained over long periods (1 ms) and at high-current densities (>5  A .cm−2), which has unveiled certain features in the glow-to-arc transition. This work focuses on a graphite target that transits easily in the arc regime. The high-speed video-camera analysis revealed specific properties of graphite in ExB discharges, and the statistical study of the arc transition revealed differences from other refractory target materials. The early stage of cathodic spot formation, observed as bright dots, will be presented and analyzed within the known “ecton” and “vaporization” models for spot formation. This experimental study highlights the role of luminous spot formation prior to arc transition, with possible optimization on the stability of magnetron discharges.
Achieving wide temperature range of gentle film boiling on textured hydrophobic tool surfaces
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Liu Xiaojun , Ji Jiawei , Wang Jiaxiang , Du Yu , Liu Kun , Jiao Yunlong
Published: November 2024

Hydrophobic tool surfaces have become a hot topic in recent years due to their significant advantages such as anti-adhesion and friction reduction. However, enhancing hydrophobicity would inadvertently decrease the Leidenfrost point of droplets, which diminishes the heat transfer efficiency and compromises manufacturing quality. This issue presents a considerable challenge and underscores the critical need to understand the boiling dynamics when droplets encounter heated hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, we propose a kind of textured hydrophobic tool surface based on laser processing and hydrophobic coating technology, which could achieve gentle film boiling across a wide temperature range. The raised micropillars protect hydrophobic coating with excellent abrasion resistance and stabilizes the droplets in the gentle film boiling regime under harsh conditions. The primary rationale behind this advancement is the reduction in the critical temperature for film boiling and the elevation of the critical temperature for droplet rebound. We have developed a predictive model for the Leidenfrost point, which has been experimentally validated to determine the wall temperature necessary for achieving the gentle film boiling regime. In addition, we found that the textured hydrophobic surface can still inhibit the bouncing and spreading of droplets at high temperatures. This study not only deepens our understanding of the effects of droplets on heated surfaces but also has the potential to improve manufacturing performance by consistently maintaining the hydrophobic properties of tool surfaces during cutting operations.
Flow-induced vibration and heat transfer characteristics of three elliptical cylinders arranged in an isosceles triangle
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wang Xi , Wei Zhiguo , Chen Yuxuan , Song Zhengkai , Dong Lieyi , Shuai Zhijun , Li Wanyou , Jiang Chenxing
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the flow-induced vibration (FIV) and heat transfer behavior of three heated cylinders arranged in an isosceles triangle configuration at a Reynolds number of 100. A dynamic model for the FIV of two-dimensional, elastically supported cylinders was developed using computational fluid dynamics simulations and overset mesh technology. The effects of aspect ratio (AR) and angle of attack (α) were examined by varying α from 30° to 90° and AR from 0.75 to 2.0, with AR = 1.0 corresponding to a circular cross section. To study FIV, the two-degree-of-freedom motion of the cylinders was analyzed across a range of reduced velocities (Ur = 2–12). The results indicate that as α increases, the impact of the upstream cylinder's wake on the downstream cylinders gradually weakens, resulting in lower vibration amplitudes and higher heat transfer rates for the downstream cylinders. Notably, when α reaches 90°, the streamwise amplitude becomes almost negligible. At α = 30° and 45°, the average Nusselt number of the downstream cylinder is generally lower than that of the upstream cylinder. However, when α reaches 60°, the average Nusselt number of the downstream cylinders becomes noticeably higher than that of the upstream cylinder. As the aspect ratio increases, the lock-in region of the cylinders shifts from being concentrated at Ur = 6 and 8 to Ur = 4 and 6, indicating that the increase in aspect ratio raises the vortex shedding frequency.
Nonlinear diffusion mechanism of porous media and countercurrent imbibition distance of fracturing fluids
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yu Haiyang , Liu Chengming , Sun Linghui , Wu Yongheng , Wang Tongbing , Ma Rui , Wang Yang
Published: November 2024

Fracturing fluids countercurrent imbibition is a significant method to enhance recovery during hydraulic fracturing and soaking in shale reservoirs. Most investigations have primarily focused on the fracturing fluids imbibition recovery. In this work, an on-line computed tomography device was employed for the first time to conduct experiments on the imbibition distance of fracturing fluids, quantifying the imbibition distance of fracturing fluids, establishing the model of fracturing fluids imbibition, and clarifying the mechanism of countercurrent imbibition for fracturing fluids. The findings demonstrated that the imbibition distance was 2.625 cm for high mass fraction fracturing fluid and 2.375 cm for low mass fraction fluid. For formation water with viscoelastic fracturing fluids, the imbibition distances were 1.125 and 0.875 cm. Compared to the permeability of 0.082 × 10−3 μm2, the imbibition distance increased by 2.625 times at 0.217 × 10−3μm2 and by 3.25 times at 0.760 × 10−3μm2. At injection pressures of 20 and 15 MPa, the imbibition distance increased by 1.7 and 1.61 times, compared to 5 MPa. Parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrated that crude oil and fracturing fluids viscosity were negatively correlated with imbibition distance. Low interfacial tension boosts imbibition power, extending the imbibition distance. High interfacial tension raises flow resistance, shortening the imbibition distance. Reducing the contact angle improves hydrophilicity and capillary force, extending the imbibition distance. When the permeability is below 1 × 10−3μm2, the imbibition distance increases significantly with rising permeability. When the permeability exceeds 1 × 10−3μm2, the rate of increase diminishes. The investigation in this paper provides guidance for the efficient development of shale oil.
Susceptibility to online misinformation: A systematic meta-analysis of demographic and psychological factors
Authors: Sultan Mubashir , Tump Alan N. , Ehmann Nina , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp , Hertwig Ralph , Gollwitzer Anton , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M.
Published: November 2024

Nearly five billion people use and receive news through social media and there is widespread concern about the negative consequences of misinformation on social media (e.g., election interference, vaccine hesitancy). Despite a burgeoning body of research on misinformation, it remains largely unclear who is susceptible to misinformation and why. To address this, we conducted a systematic individual participant data meta-analysis covering 256,337 unique choices made by 11,561 US-based participants across 31 experiments. Our meta-analysis reveals the impact of key demographic and psychological factors on online misinformation veracity judgments. We also disentangle the ability to discern between true and false news (discrimination ability) from response bias, that is, the tendency to label news as either true (true-news bias) or false (false-news bias). Across all studies, participants were well above-chance accurate for both true (68.51%) and false (67.24%) news headlines. We find that older age, higher analytical thinking skills, and identifying as a Democrat are associated with higher discrimination ability. Additionally, older age and higher analytical thinking skills are associated with a false-news bias (caution). In contrast, ideological congruency (alignment of participants’ ideology with news), motivated reflection (higher analytical thinking skills being associated with a greater congruency effect), and self-reported familiarity with news are associated with a true-news bias (naïvety). We also find that experiments on MTurk show higher discrimination ability than those on Lucid. Displaying sources alongside news headlines is associated with improved discrimination ability, with Republicans benefiting more from source display. Our results provide critical insights that can help inform the design of targeted interventions.
Tai/NCOA2 suppresses the Hedgehog pathway by directly targeting the transcription factor Ci/GLI
Authors: Yu Xuan , Wang Xinyu , Ma Kaize , Gao Dongqing , Deng Yanran , Zhou Dafa , Ding Wenhao , Zhao Yunhe , Liu Qingxin , Zhou Zizhang
Published: November 2024

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays diverse roles in cellular processes by activating the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Abnormal regulation of this pathway has been linked to various human diseases. While previous studies have focused on how Ci is regulated in the cytoplasm, the control of nuclear Ci remains poorly understood. In this study, we have found that the transcriptional cofactor Taiman (Tai) functions as an inhibitor of the Hh pathway. Tai interferes with the response of Hh signal, rather than Hh secretion. Our epistatic analyses reveal that Tai works in parallel with Ci to reduce its activity, thereby counteracting organ overgrowth and the activation of target genes caused by Ci overexpression. Specifically, Tai interacts with Ci to decrease its binding to target gene promoters. The Hh signal weakens the interaction between Ci and Tai, releasing the inhibition on Ci. Importantly, this regulatory mechanism is conserved from
Drosophila
to mammalian cells. Moreover, NCOA1-3 are the mammalian ortholog of
Drosophila
protein Tai, but only NCOA2 plays a similar role in inhibiting the Hh pathway. These findings reveal an additional way to modulate the transcriptional activity of nuclear Ci.
Populism and contingency
Authors: Ramos-González Jorge
Published: November 2024

Populism has been examined in depth in the last decades both from theoretical and empirical approaches. Among the
topics that scholars have studied, the ideological flexibility of populist discourses is one of the most controversial and
difficult to analyse. Although a large body of research has explored this peculiar characteristic of populist political
discourses, this paper provides an original interpretation of populism by assessing this flexibility drawing on the importance of
George Sorel’s theory in discourse theory, which could contribute to a better understanding of populist theory. Understanding
populism from a discursive framework could explain the intrinsic contingency of populism and the emergence of both radical right
and radical left populisms. This study aims to trace the theoretical path from the influence of Sorel’s Theory of Myth on populist
discourse theory to its current implications for populist discourses, resulting in the multifaceted nature of populism.
Metaphorical framing of political events through ENTERTAINMENT scenarios
Authors: Cibulskienė Jurga , Šeškauskienė Inesa , Masiulionytė Virginija
Published: November 2024

The article sets out to examine the entertainment source domain and its scenarios as realised in the
media discourse surrounding political events in Belarus in 2021. Metaphorical scenarios are investigated considering different
viewpoints, such as those presented in Lithuanian, German, and Russian media. The methodological framework is a blend of Cognitive
Linguistics and Critical Discourse Studies, embracing the viewpoint (Sweetser, 2012),
Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2005), metaphorical scenarios (Musolff, 2016), and framing (Hart, 2014). The
results demonstrate that the entertainment domain acquires multiple scenarios depending on the viewpoint. The evaluation
attached to the scenarios is mostly negative; however, the viewpoint adopted in Lithuanian and German discourses is very
different from Russian discourse. The former is based on Western values and targets the authoritarian regime, whereas the
latter is Russian-centric, with the Western world posited as a major threat to the Belarusian and Russian societies.
A new stress test for ryanodine receptors
Authors: Short Ben
Published: November 2024

JGP study (Steinz et al. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313515) reveals that oxidative stress can induce stable posttranslational modifications of RyR1 that increase the channel’s open probability and could therefore disrupt muscle contractility.
Efficient encoding and aligning viewpoints for 6D pose estimation of unseen industrial parts
Authors: Xu Jiatong , Liu Daxin , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Qide , Cheng Jin , Tan Jianrong
Published: November 2024

Estimating the 6D poses of industrial parts is a fundamental task in automated industries. However, the scarcity of industrial part datasets and the effort involved to retrain networks present challenges when estimating poses for unseen parts. Although a few pre-trained networks demonstrate effectiveness on unseen objects, they often struggle to encode correct viewpoint for unseen industrial parts, which have significant geometrical differences compared to the pre-trained objects. Additionally, they overlook the viewpoint non-uniformity that frequently occurs in industrial settings, resulting in significant 3D rotation errors. To address these issues, a novel 6D pose estimator for unseen industrial parts is proposed. First, a Self-to-Inter (S2I) viewpoint encoder is introduced to efficiently generate discriminative descriptors that capture the viewpoint information of the observed image. The S2I viewpoint encoder utilizes an Inter-viewpoint attention module to facilitate prior viewpoint communication and leverages a saliency descriptor selection strategy to boost inference speed. Second, a viewpoint alignment module (VAM) is established and integrated with the ICP refiner. The VAM aligns non-uniform viewpoints in an analytical paradigm, leading to enhanced efficiency of the refinement process and more accurate final predictions. Experimental results on the LINEMOD dataset demonstrate competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the experiments conducted on eight unseen industrial parts validate the exceptional generalizability of our method, highlighting its potential in industrial applications.
Real-time actuator fault detection and isolation for quadrotor UAV via directional residuals
Authors: Li Yuxue , Zhu Xiaoyuan , Wang Feng , Wang Biao , Qi Ruiyun
Published: November 2024

Fault diagnosis is critical for safe and reliable operations of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), so that timely remedial measures can be taken to reduce negative impacts of faults. This paper presents a real-time actuator fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for quadrotor UAV flight process. First, a linear parameter-varying model is established to describe quadrotor UAV dynamics, which considers measurement noises and external disturbances. Then, an FDI strategy is developed based on directional residuals, in which only one observer-based residual generator is required and

H
−

/

L
∞

indices are incorporated to balance fault sensitivity and disturbance robustness. A threshold is derived from the

L
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performance condition, and actuator faults are detected through residual evaluation. Furthermore, by introducing fault feature vectors associated with the system model, the faulty actuator is isolated promptly by analyzing directional correlations between generated residual vectors and defined fault feature vectors. Finally, based on a quadrotor UAV platform, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FDI method are verified through online trajectory tracking processes.
Optimizing Na2EDTA concentration for enhanced properties of SILAR - deposited CTS thin films
Authors: P Sapna , A K Sijo
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of varying Na2EDTA concentrations on the properties of copper tin sulfide (CTS) thin films deposited on soda lime glass substrates using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The aim is to optimize CTS thin film growth for photovoltaic technology applications. CTS thin films were prepared using SILAR with Na2EDTA concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.04 M, and 0.07 M, resulting in samples CTS01, CTS04, and CTS07. Characterization techniques included XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, I-V curves, transmittance spectra, and Tauc plots. The results reveal significant variations in film properties with changing Na2EDTA concentration. XRD patterns indicate polycrystalline films with an orthorhombic CTS phase. SEM images show smooth, dense films with localized clusters. FTIR spectra detect hydrocarbon chains, aromatic rings, and hydroxyl or ether groups. The I-V curves of three samples (CTS01, CTS04, and CTS07) show a voltage-dependent transition from semiconducting to ohmic behavior. The CTS01 exhibits superior conductivity (3.13 × 10−5/Ωm), while the samples’ resistance and conductivity values show an inverse relationship. Transmittance curves display low UV transmittance and high visible transmittance,suggests that the samples are highly absorptive in the UV range and become more transparent in the visible range, indicating potential applications in optical filtering and photovoltaic devices. Tauc plots estimate band gap energies of 3.66, 3.89, and 3.23 eV, indicating high band gap energies suitable for buffer layers in solar cells. The correlation between band gap energy and crystallite size as a function of Na2EDTA concentration is also observed. The study demonstrates the importance of optimizing Na2EDTA concentration for achieving high-quality CTS thin films with desirable properties for photovoltaic applications. The findings highlight the potential of CTS thin films for solar cells, optical filtering, and photonic devices.
Does the substrate and a buffer layer have a greater influence on poly(3-hexylthiophene) films deposited by the chronocoulometry technique?
Authors: Rambo Everton Crestani , Kolbow Ana Clarissa H , Ramos Romildo Jerônimo , Chagas Edson Ferreira , de Santana Henrique , Dalkiranis Gustavo Gonçalves , Marletta Alexandre , Therézio Eralci Moreira
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigate the interface morphology and optical properties of electrochemical poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films deposited by electrochemical synthesis using the chronocoulometry technique on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and how the substrate used influences in the deposition of the films and their optical and morphological properties, as well as the buffer layer and the interface effect, with and without spin-coating films of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). P3HT polymeric films were synthesized and deposited via the oxidation of the 3-hexylthiophene (3-HT) monomer and characterized via Raman spectroscopy. The morphology and thickness of the P3HT layer present in the samples ITO/P3HT, FTO/P3HT, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT, and FTO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT were carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical and electronic gap energy of P3HT were calculated from UV–vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry curves, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed broad and asymmetrical line shapes fitted by multi-Gaussian functions identifying different emission species. Emission ellipsometry spectroscopy was performed to study the energy transference between adjacent polymer chains. Our results show a higher linear polarized light emitted by ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT film, ∼37%, thus demonstrating a significant decrease in the energy transfer. Based on these results, the efficiency of organic solar cells can be improved via the interaction of the polymer/polymer interface.
Robust double encryption and watermarking algorithms for color watermark images
Authors: Ma Jian-Zhe , Yang Yu-Guang , Jiang Dong-Hua , Liao Xin
Published: November 2024

Current digital watermarking technologies mainly focus on the imperceptibility and robustness of watermark embedding, while the security of watermarking images is also worth further research. Considering nonlinear characteristics and the integration structure of storage and computation, memristors can be introduced into encryption algorithms to improve the effect of encryption. The paper proposes a double encryption algorithm for color watermark images based on MCNN (Memristive Cellular Neural Networks) and Arnold transform, generates chaotic sequences for watermark image encryption by introducing memristors to the CNN (Cellular Neural Networks) to construct MCNN, scrambles the images using the Arnold transform to achieve the double encryption of pixel values and pixel positions, and enhances the security of the watermark images. Adopting the SE (Spectral Entropy) complexity algorithm optimizes the parameters of MCNN, and improves the performance of the double encryption algorithm. The embedding and extraction of the encrypted watermark image is realized by the algorithm combining CT (Contourlet Transform) and SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), which enhances the ability to resist common attacks such as compression and rotation attacks. Experiment results show the proposed algorithms can better maintain the quality of the color watermark images, break the statistical characteristics of the original images, and the generated key has good randomness. In addition, the presented algorithms are highly sensitive to the key, and improve the ability to resist statistical attacks, differential attacks, exhaustive attacks and common image attacks with good security, robustness and imperceptibility.
ICRF resonance cones in the low-density scrape-off-layer of ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Paulus Felix , Bobkov Volodymyr , Faugel Helmut , Fünfgelder Helmut , Girka Oleksii , Grenfell Gustavo , Ochoukov Roman , Tierens Wouter , Zohm Hartmut ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: November 2024

The ICRF slow wave is a potential carrier for parallel RF electric fields known to cause unwanted plasma-wall interactions in magnetic confinement fusion experiments. In nowadays machines the slow wave is usually confined to the far scrape-off layer or the limiter shadow, but conditions in future experiments and reactors may allow the slow wave to be propagative in a larger region. Simulations with RAPLICASOL for various geometries show that the ICRF slow waves appear as the so-called resonance cones (RCs) characterized by large localized electric fields. The RCs emerge from the points along the plasma-antenna interface where (in the cold plasma approximation) the radio frequency electric field diverges. We demonstrate that in the parameter range of interest, the propagation of the RCs in a plasma with a density gradient is defined by a simple geometric model, using the local plasma density and the frequency as input parameters. In the context of experiments at ASDEX Upgrade, simulations illustrate that the RCs can emerge from a single tile of the ICRF antenna limiter. Experiments at the Ion-cyclotron System Hardware Test ARrangement (ISHTAR) were conducted to test the detection principle in a simple environment. In agreement with simulations and with predicted characteristics which depend on operation parameters, the RCs are excited by an RF antenna and propagate through the relatively homogeneous plasma in ISHTAR. The cones are detected at a distance from the antenna using two probes scanning through the plasma. In ASDEX Upgrade, a single tile of an antenna limiter was modified to launch RF power into a specially tailored low-density scrape-off layer. Probes at the mid-plane manipulator were then used to detect the wave electric fields at a distance from the RF source. The detected RF signals show that the signal maxima are located close to the lower hybrid resonance density and are highest when the source and the probes are connected along magnetic field lines. These observations agrees with the model for RCs from the simulations.