bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-triggered ERRα acetylation enhanced its oncogenic role and promoted progression of renal cell carcinoma by coordinating autophagosome-lysosome fusion
Authors: Feng Chun , Kong Demin , Tong Binghua , Liang Yonghui , Xu Fuyi , Yang Yangyang , Wu Yingying , Chi Xiaodong , Wei Pengfei , Yang Yang , Zhang Guilong , Tian Geng , Xu Zhaowei
Published: January 2025

Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is dysregulated in many types of cancer and exhibits oncogenic activity by promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. However, its defined role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been fully elucidated. To reveal the biological function of ERRα and determine the underlying regulatory mechanism in RCC, the quantitative proteomics analysis and mechanism investigation were conducted. The results demonstrated that ERRα promoted the proliferation and tumorigenesis of RCC cells by maintaining lysosome-dependent autophagy flux. ERRα inhibition impaired the transcriptional expression of LAMP2 and VAMP8 and blocked the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, causing the impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway and tumor repression in RCC. Moreover, VHL mutant-induced hyperactive hypoxia signaling in RCC triggered p300/CBP-mediated acetylation at the DNA-binding domain of ERRα, and this acetylation promoted its affinity toward targeting DNA and Parkin-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. This regulatory model enhanced ERRα transactivation on the expression of LAMP2 and VAMP8, which then maintained autophagy flux and RCC progression. Pharmaceutical inhibition on ERRα acetylation-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway led to growth repression and sunitinib sensitivity of RCC cells. Taken together, this study uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism of acetylation contributing to the transcriptional performance and the oncogenic role of ERRα in RCC progression by modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway. These findings might provide a novel approach for the clinical diagnosis and resolution of sunitinib resistance of RCC.
A compliant metastructure design with reconfigurability up to six degrees of freedom
Authors: Yang Humphrey , Patel Dinesh K. , Johnson Tate , Zhong Ke , Olson Gina , Majidi Carmel , Islam Mohammad F. , Zhang Teng , Yao Lining
Published: January 2025

Compliant mechanisms with reconfigurable degrees of freedom are gaining attention in the development of kinesthetic haptic devices, robotic systems, and mechanical metamaterials. However, available devices exhibit limited programmability and form-customizability, restricting their versatility. To address this gap, we propose a metastructure concept featuring reconfigurable motional freedom and tunable stiffness, adaptable to various form factors and applications. These devices incorporate passive flexures and actively stiffness-changing rods to modify kinematic freedom. A rational design pipeline informs the flexures’ topological arrangements, geometric parameters, and control signals based on targeted mobilities, enabling the creation of unitary joints with up to six degrees of freedom. Our demonstrative application examples include a wrist device that has an effective stiffness of 0.370 Nm/deg (unlocked state, 5% displacement) to 2.278 Nm/deg (locked state, 1% displacement) to enable dynamic joint mobility control, a haptic thimble device (2.27-52.815 Nmm−1 at 1% displacement) that mimics the sensation of touching physical materials ranging from soft gel to metal surfaces, and a wearable device composed of multiple joints tailored for the arm and hand to augment haptic experiences or facilitate muscle training. We believe the presented method can help democratize compliant metastructures development and expand their versatility for broader contexts.
Ultra-high electrostriction and ferroelectricity in poly (vinylidene fluoride) by ‘printing of charge’ throughout the film
Authors: Zhang Ningyi , Dong Xiaobing , He Shihui , Liang Zhao , Li Weipeng , Qian Qihao , Jiang Chao
Published: January 2025

Electrostriction is an important electro-mechanical property in poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, which describes the proportional relation between the electro-stimulated deformation and the square of the electric field. Generally, traditional methods to improve the electrostriction of PVDF either sacrifice other crystalline-related key properties or only influence minimal regions around the surface. Here, we design a unique electret structure to fully exploit the benefits of internal crystal in PVDF films. Through the 3D printing of charged ink, we have obtained the best electrostrictive and ferroelectric properties among PVDF-based materials so far. The optimized electrostrictive coefficient M
33 (324 × 10−18 m2 V−2) is 104 times that of normal PVDF films, and the piezoelectric constant d
33 (298 pm V−1) is close to 10 times its traditional limit. The proposed 3D electret structure and the bottom-up approach to ‘print the charge’ open up a new way to design and adapt the electroactive polymers in smart devices and systems.
Time series data on typhoid fever incidence during outbreaks from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Koh Dae-Hyup , Duong Monica , Kipshidze Nodar , Pitzer Virginia E. , Kim Jong-Hoon
Published: January 2025

This article presents a comprehensive dataset compiling reported cases of typhoid fever from culture-confirmed outbreaks across various geographical locations from 2000 through 2022, categorized into daily, weekly, and monthly time series. The dataset was curated by identifying peer-reviewed epidemiological studies available in PubMed, OVID-Medline, and OVID-Embase. Time-series incidence data were extracted from plots using WebPlotDigitizer, followed by verification of a subset of the dataset. The primary aim of this dataset is to serve as a foundational tool for researchers and policymakers, enabling the development of robust, model-based strategies for the control of typhoid fever outbreaks. The article describes the method by which the dataset has been compiled and how the quality of the data has been verified. Furthermore, it discusses the dataset’s potential applications in optimizing vaccination campaigns, improving public health planning, and tailoring interventions to specific epidemiologic contexts. This article contributes significantly to the field of infectious disease modeling, offering a valuable resource for enhancing typhoid fever control measures globally.
Self-referential belief shares common neural correlates with general belief
Authors: Bruns Emily , Scholz Immanuel , Koppe Georgia , Kirsch Peter , Gerchen Martin Fungisai
Published: January 2025

Belief processing and self-referential processing have been consistently associated with cortical midline structures, and cortical regions such as the vmPFC have been implicated in general belief processing. The neural correlates of self-referential belief are yet to be investigated. In this fMRI study, we presented 120 statements with trait adjectives to N = 27 healthy participants, who subsequently judged whether they believed these trait adjectives applied to themselves, a close person, or a public person. Thereafter, participants rated their certainty in this judgment. Expectedly, self-referential processing evoked a large cluster in the vmPFC, ACC, and dmPFC. For belief, we found a cluster in the vmPFC, ACC, and amPFC during statement presentation, partially overlapping with that for self-referential processing. The cluster for self-belief vs. disbelief was similar in location and size to that for general belief processing. For uncertainty, we found dmPFC activation. We replicated vmPFC involvement in belief processing and found a common neural correlate for belief and self-belief in the vmPFC. Furthermore, we replicated the role of the dmPFC in uncertainty, supporting a dual neural process model of belief and certainty.
Highly efficient and rapid removal of Congo red dye from textile wastewater using facile synthesized Mg/Ni/Al layered double hydroxide
Authors: Mohamed Eslam A. , Ahmed Hend M. , Altalhi Amal A. , Al-Shamiri Hamdan A. S. , Negm Nabel A.
Published: January 2025

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are compounds with unique structures of hydroxide functional groups on their surfaces, and they have the proper arrangement of divalent and trivalent cations to adjust their unique catalytic actions. LDH was synthesized utilizing the co-precipitation technique and was thermally treated at 300 °C. The prepared compounds were chemically and structurally elucidated using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, BET, TG-DTA, and XPS characterization. We found that the thermal treatment of the prepared magnesium/nickel-LDH resulted in dehydration and dehydroxylation in its chemical structure. The crystallinity, the surface area, and the pore volume of the formed meso- and micropores were improved considerably after the thermal treatment. The efficiency of the uptake process was increased from 84 to 97% after the thermal treatment process, and the adsorption process tracked the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The kinetics indicated the occurrence of three stages, and the diffusion of dye molecules into the pores was the rate-determining step. Different real water sample treatments showed the applicability of the thermally treated Mg/Ni/Al-LDH in the treatment process under optimized conditions. The presented mechanism of the uptake process using the prepared compounds comprises several interactions between the dye molecules and the thermally treated Mg/Ni/Al-LDH. The study presented the new application for Mg/Ni/Al-LDH in the as-prepared and thermally treated forms to uptake Congo-red (CR) dye from textile effluents.
Synthesis and evaluation of amino acid ionic liquid for enhanced oil recovery: experimental and modeling simulation studies
Authors: Mansour E. M. , Hosny R. , Mohamed Ammona S. , Abdelhafiz Fatma M.
Published: January 2025

Recovering the remaining oil after primary and secondary extraction methods poses a significant challenge. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, which involve injecting fluids into reservoirs, aim to increase recovery rates. Ionic liquids, known for their adaptability, are emerging as promising agents in EOR, improving oil displacement by reshaping fluid properties and interacting with reservoir rocks. This study investigates the eco-friendly amino acid ionic liquid, AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro], for EOR applications, focusing on its characterization and performance. Using pre-prepared quaternary ammonium salt PAMAM G0.5 C12 and proline, AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro] was synthesized and confirmed via FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. Rheological analysis identified 7 g of AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro] as the optimal concentration for peak performance. Laboratory sand-pack displacement experiments demonstrated an 11% increase in oil recovery at this concentration. Further, a 3D reservoir model simulation validated the enhanced oil recovery potential of AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro]. The study introduces the novel amino acid ionic liquid [G0.5 C12][Pro], which demonstrates superior effectiveness in enhancing oil recovery through significant wettability modification and interfacial tension reduction, underscoring its potential as an effective and environmentally friendly EOR agent compared to other ionic liquids and conventional methods.
Enhancing single-cell transcriptomics using interposed anchor oligonucleotide sequences
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Philpott Martin , Loi Danson , Hoffman Gabriela , Robson Jonathan , Mehta Neelam , Calcutt Eleanor , Gamble Vicki , Brown Tom , Brown Tom , Oppermann Udo , Cribbs Adam P.
Published: January 2025

Single-cell transcriptomics, which utilises barcodes and unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) for polyA+ mRNA capture, is compromised by oligonucleotide synthesis errors. To address this, we modified the oligonucleotide capture design and integrated an interposed anchor between the barcode and the UMI. This design significantly reduces the need to discard reads due to synthesis inaccuracies. Our results demonstrate that this anchor-enhanced design substantially improves gene expression profiles in droplet-based single-cell sequencing analyses.
A transdisciplinary, comparative analysis reveals key risks from Arctic permafrost thaw
Authors: Gartler Susanna , Scheer Johanna , Meyer Alexandra , Abass Khaled , Bartsch Annett , Doloisio Natalia , Falardeau Jade , Hugelius Gustaf , Irrgang Anna , Haukur Ingimundarson Jón , Jungsberg Leneisja , Lantuit Hugues , Nymand Larsen Joan , Lodi Rachele , Martin Victoria Sophie , Mercer Louise , Nielsen David , Overduin Paul , Povoroznyuk Olga , Rautio Arja , Schweitzer Peter , Speetjens Niek Jesse , Tomaškovičová Soňa , Timlin Ulla , Vanderlinden Jean-Paul , Vonk Jorien , Westerveld Levi , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas
Published: January 2025

Permafrost thaw poses diverse risks to Arctic environments and livelihoods. Understanding the effects of permafrost thaw is vital for informed policymaking and adaptation efforts. Here, we present the consolidated findings of a risk analysis spanning four study regions: Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway), the Avannaata municipality (Greenland), the Beaufort Sea region and the Mackenzie River Delta (Canada) and the Bulunskiy District of the Sakha Republic (Russia). Local stakeholders’ and scientists’ perceptions shaped our understanding of the risks as dynamic, socionatural phenomena involving physical processes, key hazards, and societal consequences. Through an inter- and transdisciplinary risk analysis based on multidirectional knowledge exchanges and thematic network analysis, we identified five key hazards of permafrost thaw. These include infrastructure failure, disruption of mobility and supplies, decreased water quality, challenges for food security, and exposure to diseases and contaminants. The study’s novelty resides in the comparative approach spanning different disciplines, environmental and societal contexts, and the transdisciplinary synthesis considering various risk perceptions.
Insight into copper coordination in O2 reduction by water-soluble cytochrome c oxidase models
Authors: Berthe Mathilde , Boudon Corinne , Le Breton Nolwenn , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Oohora Koji , Hayashi Takashi , Wytko Jennifer A. , Weiss Jean
Published: January 2025

A water soluble cytochrome c oxidase model with a bipyridine binding site for copper is compared with its terpyridine analogue. Two nitrogen atoms are better than one…?
Fine particulate matter from burning oil and gas and associated neurological symptoms among Deepwater Horizon oil spill cleanup workers
Authors: Norris Christina L. , Sandler Dale P. , Pratt Gregory C. , Stenzel Mark R. , Stewart Patricia A. , Jackson W. Braxton , Christenbury Kate E. , Werder Emily J. , Groth Caroline P. , Banerjee Sudipto , Lawrence Kaitlyn G. , Engel Lawrence S.
Published: January 2025

Burning oil and gas as a remediation tactic is uncommon but was used in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster cleanup; we evaluate related PM2.5 exposures on neurological symptoms.
Monolithic, hybrid and particulate lignin-based hydrogels for sustainable CO2 capture
Authors: Moreno Adrian , Delgado-Lijarcio Javier , Ronda Juan C. , Galià Marina , Lligadas Gerard
Published: January 2025

Lignin-based particulate hydrogels using lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as cross-linking agents exhibit efficient CO2 absorption and enhanced mechanical properties, highlighting their potential applications in different areas.
Versatile methodology for the synthesis of stable magnetic SERS-encoded clusters for sensing applications
Authors: Caparrós Francisco J. , Gomes Paulo Alexandre , García-Algar Manuel , Rivero María , Grand Samantha , Borràs Mario , Sagales Juan , Gómez-de Pedro Sara
Published: January 2025

A versatile method for the synthesis of stable SERS-encoded clusters of silver nanoparticles on magnetic microparticles within a titania-coated shell, tunable for functionalization, and identifiable via automated SOM-based analysis.
Triangular-shaped Cu–Zn–In–Se-based nanocrystals with narrow near infrared photoluminescence
Authors: Bora Ankita , Fu Ningyuan , Saha Avijit , Prudnikau Anatol , Hübner René , Bahmani Jalali Houman , Di Stasio Francesco , Gaponik Nikolai , Lesnyak Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Colloidal anisotropic Cu–Zn–In–Se-based nanocrystals synthesized in a one-pot seed-mediated approach exhibit an intensive narrow photoluminescence with maxima ranging from 1080 nm to 1220 nm and quantum yields reaching 40%.
Unveiling the physicochemical, photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of MWCNT-modified Ag2O/CuO/ZnO nanocomposites
Authors: Lone Amjad Latif , Rehman Sadiq Ur , Haq Sirajul , Shahzad Nadia , Al-Sadoon Mohammad Khalid , Shahzad Muhammad Imran , Razzokov Jamoliddin , Shujaat Shafia , Samad Abdus
Published: January 2025

Water pollution, oxidative stress and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are significant global threats that require urgent attention to protect human health.
Hydroxyl-conductive 2D hexagonal boron nitrides for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis and sustainable hydrogen production
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Schweinbenz Matthew , Ho Kane , Malekkhouyan Adel , Ghotia Kamal , Egert Franz , Razmjooei Fatemeh , Ansar Syed Asif , Zarrin Hadis
Published: January 2025

Anion exchange membrane water electrolyser showing the chemical structure of hydroxyl-conductive 2D hBN-based anion exchange membrane (AEM). The developed AEMs exhibit high hydroxyl conductivity, superior mechanical and electrochemical stability.
New FIGO 2023 Staging System of Endometrial Cancer: An Updated Review on a Current Hot Topic
Authors: Sehnal Borek , Hruda Martin , Matej Radoslav , Robova Helena , Drozenova Jana , Pichlik Tomas , Halaska Michael J. , Rob Lukas , Dundr Pavel
Published: January 2025

The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) introduced a new staging system for endometrial carcinoma FIGO 2023 in June 2023. The new staging system differs significantly from previous versions by incorporating other non-anatomical parameters (histological type of tumour, tumour grade and the presence of massive lymphovascular space involvement as well as the molecular classification of the tumour). The FIGO 2023 staging system enhances the accuracy of prognostic assessments for patients at a specific stage with better options for targeted treatment. Another objective was to synchronise staging as much as possible with the European oncogynaecological ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines for the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma established in 2021. However, several changes are controversial. Routine molecular classification of endometrial carcinomas is not yet commonly available in most countries of the world. Another limitation of the FIGO 2023
staging system of endometrial cancer is the inclusion of variables whose definitions are still evolving, as well as variables that are subject to considerable interobserver variability in their assessment. Advantages, controversies, and limitations for clinical practice of the new FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging system are discussed.
Chimera states in a system of stationary and flying-through deterministic particles with an internal degree of freedom
Authors: Bolotov Maxim I. , Smirnov Lev A. , Munyaev Vyacheslav O. , Osipov Grigory V.
Published: January 2025

We consider the effect of the emergence of chimera states in a system of coexisting stationary and flying-through in potential particles with an internal degree of freedom determined by the phase. All particles tend to an equilibrium state with a small number of potential wells, which leads to the emergence of a stationary chimera. An increase in the number of potential wells leads to the emergence of particles flying-through along the medium, the phases of which form a moving chimera. Further, these two structures coexist and interact with each other. In this case, an increase in the local synchronization degree of the chimera is observed in the areas of the synchronous cluster location.
A droplet state prediction method for inkjet printing under small sample conditions based on the two-stage TrAdaBoost.R2 algorithm
Authors: Jia Yuanyuan , Cheng Xiaoding , Song Wenai , Zhou Yaojian , Zhao Haofan
Published: January 2025

Inkjet printing is regarded as a new generation of green intelligent manufacturing technology. However, precise control of the state of droplets in inkjet printing is critical and costly. In this study, a voltage-driven signal-based ink droplet state prediction model suitable for a small sample data environment is proposed. Seven public ink datasets and self-collected experimental data are grouped together, and the decision tree, AdaBoost.R2, and two-stage TrAdaBoost.R2 algorithms are used, respectively. The two-stage TrAdaBoost.R2 model shows excellent prediction performance in the case of insufficient data by transferring knowledge of different inks. In particular, it achieves mean square errors of 0.00219 for droplet volume predictions and 0.0645 for velocity predictions. Similarly, the mean absolute percentage errors are 0.91% for droplet volume and 1.37% for velocity. Furthermore, the two-stage TrAdaBoost.R2 model demonstrates strong generalization ability and adaptability to maintain high prediction accuracy under different conditions. The results indicate that the two-stage TrAdaBoost.R2 effectively mitigates the prediction performance issues caused by data scarcity, paving the way for technological advancements in the field of inkjet printing.
Strain manipulation of spin-polarized topological phase in WSe2/CrI3 heterostructure
Authors: Yang Jiali , Zhan Fangyang , Xiao Xiaoliang , Jiang Zhikang , Jin Xin , Wang Rui
Published: January 2025

Here, based on first-principles calculations and topological analysis, we show that the spin-polarized topological phase is present in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure WSe2/CrI3. We reveal that magnetism induced by proximity effects in the heterostructure breaks the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and thus induces gapped topological edge states, exhibiting the TRS-breaking quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect. By applying a stress field, the WSe2/CrI3 heterostructure manifests enhanced spin polarization, Rashba splitting, and tunable bandgap. The TRS-breaking QSH effect observed in the WSe2/CrI3 heterostructure exhibits remarkable robustness against interlayer shearing. The distinct anisotropy associated with in-plane strain provides precise manipulation strategies for bandgap engineering. Notably, in-plane tensile strain can significantly increase the nontrivial bandgap by up to 98 meV, suggesting the magnetic WSe2/CrI3 heterostructure represents an outstanding platform for achieving the TRS-breaking QSH effect at room temperature. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of low-dissipation spintronic nanodevices.
Innovative solutions to the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger model in mathematical physics
Authors: Hassan S. Z. , Alsaleh D. M. , Almulhem Munerah , Alomair R. A. , Daghestani A. F. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E.
Published: January 2025

We utilize a cohesive methodology to obtain some new solitary wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (2D-NLSE). The solutions provided herein are significant for elucidating physical phenomena in various domains, including optical fibers, plasma media, and ocean waves. Furthermore, scientific computing would be used to illustrate the physical interpretation of nonlinear waves. Our study examines how 2D-NLSE wave solutions affect physical model characteristics such as group velocity dispersion, nonlinearity, and linear coefficients. These variables functioned to control the amplitude and wave phase of the optical solitary waves during transmission. Finally, the strategy provided here is applicable to many nonlinear systems and new energy trends in natural science.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: Cai Yanxia , Deng Shiyin , Luo Yaqi , Deng Liehua
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive review using multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Chinese databases such as the Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database, China Journal Full-text Database, and Wanfang Database. All relevant research published up to April 2024 was included. Two experienced researchers independently performed literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction, ensuring adherence to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 6 studies comprising 2146 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were selected. Secukinumab significantly outperformed placebo in multiple efficacy metrics, including the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) with 75%, 90%, and 100% improvement (PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100), Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scores of 0 or 1 (IGA 0/1), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores of 0 or 1 (DLQI 0/1). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of safety, there was no significant difference in adverse events between the secukinumab and placebo groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Secukinumab demonstrates excellent efficacy and safety in treating moderate to severe psoriasis, supporting its strong recommendation for clinical use.
Sensitivity analysis of proppant transportation and settling in a hydraulic fracture
Authors: Yang Siyu , Cheng Wan , Hu Qinghai , Lei Gang
Published: January 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is the core technology for stimulating unconventional oil-gas reservoirs. The effective placement of proppant is directly linked to the success of the fracturing operation and reservoir productivity. In-depth investigations into the migration and settling behavior of proppant can provide a scientific foundation for optimizing fracturing parameters and fracture conductivity. Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the effects of many factors, such as the fracturing fluid velocity and viscosity, proppant size and density, and fracture surface roughness and injection position, on proppant migration within a planar fracture. Some interesting findings are: ① As the fracturing fluid velocity increases, the maximum height of the sand dune initially increases and then decreases, whereas the horizontal distance between the highest point of the sand dune and the entrance increases. ② Excessively high fracturing fluid viscosity results in a significant portion of the proppant remaining suspended within the fracturing fluid, thereby reducing the settling velocity and causing proppant to travel further. ③ Smaller proppant particles exhibit longer migration distances, making them more likely to travel further before settlement. ④ Proppant with lower densities exhibit superior transportability, with a larger proportion of the proppant remaining suspended in the fluid, resulting in more efficient fracture filling. ⑤ As the roughness of the fracture surface increases, the maximum height of the sand dune also increases, and fractures with rougher surfaces exhibit a greater sand dune area. ⑥ As the injection position decreases, the maximum height of the sand dune increases and then decreases.
Spatial resolution of shell microchemistry for tracking dispersing pelagic mussels in a large open embayment in northern New Zealand
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Jeffs Andrew G.
Published: January 2025

Context The effectiveness of using shell microchemistry methods for reconstructing the pelagic dispersal of shell-forming marine organisms relies on the existence of sufficient spatial variability and temporal stability in the microchemical composition of coastal waters. Aims This study aimed to determine whether shell microchemistry methods can reliably infer pelagic dispersal of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) across a large and well-mixed embayment in New Zealand. Methods Isotopes of 12 chemical elements (7Li, 27Al, 59Co, 60Ni, 63Cu, 66Zn, 88Sr, 138Ba, 139La, 140Ce, 208Pb and 238U) were assessed from juvenile mussel shells grown in situ from 22 sites for two consecutive periods of ~5 weeks. Key results There was sufficient spatial variability in measured shell element concentrations to support microchemical atlases that are capable of distinguishing among regions within this large embayment, with 73% assignment accuracy. However, the temporal variability in the microchemical signatures is such that they would need to be sampled contemporaneously with animal samples to be effective for distinguishing pelagic dispersal of mussels in the embayment. Conclusions The shell microchemistry shows sufficient spatio-temporal resolution for reliably inferring pelagic dispersal of this economically and ecologically important mussel species over a large embayment. Sufficient resolution at such large scale may come from unique hydro-geological inputs. Implications This study confirms the feasibility of shell microchemistry method in tracking pelagic dispersal of marine organisms across a large well-mixed embayment, offering insights to improve accuracy and reduce costs for future research.
Random noise promotes slow heterogeneous synaptic dynamics important for robust working memory computation
Authors: Rungratsameetaweemana Nuttida , Kim Robert , Chotibut Thiparat , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: January 2025

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based on model neurons that communicate via continuous signals have been widely used to study how cortical neural circuits perform cognitive tasks. Training such networks to perform tasks that require information maintenance over a brief period (i.e., working memory tasks) remains a challenge. Inspired by the robust information maintenance observed in higher cortical areas such as the prefrontal cortex, despite substantial inherent noise, we investigated the effects of random noise on RNNs across different cognitive functions, including working memory. Our findings reveal that random noise not only speeds up training but also enhances the stability and performance of RNNs on working memory tasks. Importantly, this robust working memory performance induced by random noise during training is attributed to an increase in synaptic decay time constants of inhibitory units, resulting in slower decay of stimulus-specific activity critical for memory maintenance. Our study reveals the critical role of noise in shaping neural dynamics and cognitive functions, suggesting that inherent variability may be a fundamental feature driving the specialization of inhibitory neurons to support stable information processing in higher cortical regions.
Blended origo — Deixis in virtual reality
Authors: Senkbeil Karsten
Published: January 2025

Studies on communication in Social Virtual Reality (SVR) have shown that the immersive qualities of VR — the
sense of presence, and a sense of embodiment through increasingly realistic motion tracking
and avatars — have an impact on verbal communicative interactions in the new medium. Misunderstandings and moments of linguistic
creativity are observable, and many of them revolve around ambivalent locations, doubled ‘bodies’, and issues while coordinating
attention, i.e.: they concern deixis. This paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of deictic terms in verbal
interactions in SVR. It demonstrates that the unusual communicative circumstances in immersive VR directly affect a speaker’s
origo, the deictic zero-point of orientation in space and time. This paper concludes that the term
blended origo may serve as an analytical concept to understand deixis while SVR users communicatively
interact in two ‘realities’ simultaneously.
Phase portrait analysis and exact solutions of the stochastic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with cubic–quintic–septic–nonic nonlinearity governing optical propagation in highly dispersive fibers
Authors: Wang Chengqiang , Zhao Xiangqing , Mai Qiuyue , Lv Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

The study of the impact of random perturbations on exact solutions, such as soliton solutions, of nonlinear partial differential equations, is of great importance, as it helps establish the theoretical foundations necessary for practical applications. In this paper, we study further the problem of finding exact solutions of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation incorporating eighth-order dispersion, high nonlinearity and random perturbation effect described by multiplicative white noise. We transform the problem of identifying exact solutions into the problem of solving an auxiliary second-order ordinary differential equation whose coefficients satisfy several algebraic equations simultaneously and which has a cubic polynomial as its nonlinearity, we utilize the phase portrait analysis method of Hamiltonian dynamical systems to conceptualize the structure of solutions to the auxiliary ordinary differential equations, and we borrow some idea of the method of complete discrimination systems for polynomials to calculate (the profiles of) the amplitude functions, thereby obtaining the desired exact solutions. To make our approach more accessible for practical use, we also provide clues for determining the coefficients of the auxiliary ordinary differential equation. In the meantime, we provide several numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results. Aside from the perturbed soliton solutions (corresponding to perturbed bright and dark optical solitons) reported in the existing literature, we find perturbed periodic and singular solutions in the concerned Ginzburg–Landau equation. The phase portrait analysis approach used in this paper helps to intuitively visualize the structure of exact solutions, thereby reducing the labor involved in calculating exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. The Ginzburg–Landau equation can be utilized to portray the transmission of waves in optical metamaterials, and therefore, our theoretical research in this paper lays the groundwork for the identification of new solitons which are well-suited for optical communications and contributes to the advancement of optical technologies.
Photochromic properties calculation of diaryl maleic anhydride
Authors: Shudong Zhang
Published: January 2025

In the calculation of the photochromic mechanism of (2,3-di(3-furyl)maleic anhydride, DFMA) ( as reported in Acta Phys. Sinica. 2021, 70(16): 163101), it was discovered that between the open-ring and closed-ring stable configurations, the potential energy curves of the electronic ground state (S0) and the first excited state (S1) exhibited an ‘X’ shape distribution along the reaction path. The conversion between open-ring and closed-ring occurs at the intersection of the potential energy curves, and a photoinduced ring-closing reaction accompanied by fluorescence was predicted, while a photoinduced ring-opening reaction was not. In this work, we apply the same method to investigate the mechanism of the photoinduced molecular switching process in the compounds of 2,3-di(3-thienyl)maleic anhydride(DTMA) and 2,3-di(3-pyrrolyl)maleic anhydride(DPMA). The transition state (TS) and minimum energy path (MEP) between the open-ring and closed-ring were determined by using the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. The potential energy curves of the lowest eight single excited states of DxMA(x = F, T, P) were computed based on the molecular configurations corresponding to the MEP curve (ground state S0). Interestingly, only the first excited state (S1 state) has a minimum value in the TS configuration among all eight excited states. That is, between the open-ring and closed-ring, the potential curves of S0 and S1 display an ‘X’ shape with a cross occurred at the TS configuration. The calculation of the S1←S0 resonance vibronic absorption spectrum of the open-ring/closed-ring state via molecular dynamics reveals that the transition intensity of the closed-ring state is 3 ∼ 5 times that of the open-ring state, which demonstrates that the efficiency of the closed-ring to the open-ring is higher.
Highly scalable In0.95Ga0.05As based controllable leaky-integrate-fire neuron for high performance spiking neural network and applications
Authors: Faizan Mohd , Loan Sajad A , Alkhammash Hend I
Published: January 2025

In this work, we design and simulate a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron based on a single Indium Gallium Arsenide (In0.95Ga0.05As) MOSFET. The proposed implementation results in significant improvements in energy, area, and cost reduction. The In0.95Ga0.05As -MOSFET LIF neuron imitates neuron behaviour accurately, with low breakdown voltage, high impact ionization coefficient, and sharp breakdown. Due to the storage of induced holes in the potential well of the In0.95Ga0.05As -MOSFET, impact ionisation is the main mechanism creating the spiking characteristic in this case. It requires only 7.11 pJ/spike of energy, compared to the silicon-based SOI MOSFET, which requires 45 pJ/spike. The LIF neuron exhibits a 0.5 MHz high spiking frequency, which is 5 times higher than real nerves in the human body. Compared to biology, MHz operation provides appealing hardware acceleration. In0.95Ga0.05As -MOSFET LIF neuron firing may be controlled through the application of gate voltage, which can increase the spiking neural networks (SNN) energy efficiency by causing sparse activity. The effects of gate metal work function, Gallium mole fraction, and temperature on spike current variations are also investigated. This neuron circuit has promising potential for large-scale integration in spiking neural network hardware. Reconfigurable threshold logic gates have been investigated for the proposed neuron in order to implement universal digital logic functions, such as NAND and NOR.
Role of dysprosium substitution on microscopy architecture, structural stability, and crack propagation mechanism in Bi-2212 engineering ceramics
Authors: Kurtul G , Ulgen A T , Armagan O , Turkoz M B , Erdem Ü , Yildirim G
Published: January 2025

This study achieves a strong link between microscopy architecture and fundamental characteristics including electrical conductivity, superconducting, and key mechanical design properties of Bi2.1-xDyxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy (Bi-2212) ceramic structures with different dysprosium molar ratio ranges of 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10. The Dy/Bi substituted Bi-2212 ceramics are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical resistivity (ρ-T), Electron Dispersive x-ray (EDX) investigations, and microindentation Vickers hardness (Hv) tests. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) experimental inspection is also studied to support SEM and Hv results. All experimental findings show significant improvement with an increase in the Dy impurity molar ratio to x = 0.01. On this basis, the Bi2.09Dy0.01Sr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy ceramic structure exhibits the lowest resistivity of 8.95 mΩ.cm at 300 K and transition width of 4.75 K, and the highest

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of 80.25 K. Additionally, XRD examinations show that optimum Dy ion substitution in the Bi-2212 system stabilizes the high superconducting phase by improving crystallinity, crystallite size, grain orientation distributions, texturing, and interlayer interactions. In contrast, excessive substitution severely deteriorates crystallographic properties. Further, SEM images reveal that the presence of optimum Dy impurity enhances the crystallinity, couplings between the adjacent layers, homogeneous surface appearance, and microstructure. Moreover, the key mechanical design features and stability of the durable tetragonal phase improve significantly for x = 0.01. As a result, the material exhibits superior mechanical properties, including a microhardness of 0.5556 GPa, fracture toughness of 0.5390 MPa.m1/2, elastic modulus of 45.5389 GPa, shear modulus of 18.2156 GPa, yield strength of 0.1852 GPa, and resilience of 0.3766 MPa under a 0.295 N load.
Tele-correlation: calibrating shear-shear correlation with real data
Authors: Shen Zhi , Zhang Jun , Liu Cong , Li Hekun , Wang Haoran , Liu Zhenjie , Sun Jiarui
Published: January 2025

Tele-correlation refers to the correlation of galaxy shapes with large angular separations (e.g., > 100 degrees). Since there are no astrophysical reasons causing such a correlation on cosmological scales, any detected tele-correlation could disclose systematic effects in shear-shear correlation measurement. If the shear estimators are measured on single exposures, we show that the field distortion (FD) signal associated with the galaxy position on the CCD can be retained and used in tele-correlation to help us directly calibrate the multiplicative and additive biases in shear-shear correlations.
We use the DECaLS shear catalog produced by the Fourier_Quad pipeline to demonstrate this idea.
To our surprise, we find that significant multiplicative biases can arise (up to more than 10%) due to redshift binning of the galaxies. Correction for this bias leads to about 1σ increase of the best-fit value of S
8 from 0.760+0.015
-0.017 to 0.777+0.016
-0.019 in our tomography study.
Improving analogues-based detection & attribution approaches for hurricanes
Authors: Bourdin Stella , Camargo Suzana J , Lee Chia-Ying , Lin Jonathan , Vrac Mathieu , Vaittinada Ayar Pradeebane , Faranda Davide
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a proof of concept for a new analogue-based framework for the detection and attribution of hurricane-related hazards. This framework addresses two important limitations of existing analogue-based methodologies: the lack of observed similar events, and the unsuitability of the distance metrics for hurricanes. To do so, we use a track-based metric, and we make use of synthetic tracks catalogues. We show that our method allows for selecting a sufficient number of suitable analogues, and we apply it to nine hurricane cases. Our analysis does not reveal any robust changes in wind hazards, translation speed, seasonality, or frequency over recent decades, consistent with current literature. This framework provides a reliable alternative to traditional analogue-based methods in the case of hurricanes, complementing and potentially enhancing efforts in addressing extreme weather event attribution.
Climate change hazard index reveals combined risks to United States drinking water utilities
Authors: Lyle Zia J , VanBriesen Jeanne M , Samaras Constantine
Published: January 2025

Drinking water utilities are exposed to a range of climate change hazards that can affect their ability to deliver safe drinking water. We use climate change mid-century projections to assess seven hazards for 42 786 utility systems (serving 283 million people) across the contiguous United States and develop a combined climate hazard index that allows for risk comparisons. All utilities are exposed to climate hazards, and around half, serving 178 million people (53% of current population), could experience large changes in one or more climate hazards that could affect an aspect of system reliability, including water resources, infrastructure, or operations. While utilities located in Western regions and coastal areas have higher climate hazard index values, there are utilities serving different population sizes in all geographic regions with elevated climate risk. Few utilities have developed climate adaptation plans and many may have existing vulnerabilities. This index provides multiple stakeholders, including utilities, regulators, and investors, with usable and accessible climate information.
Mistakes and Unhealthy Behaviour
Authors: Wilkinson T M
Published: January 2025

We are hardly infallible in pursuing our interests, but it is less obvious than many public health advocates think that our unhealthy choices are mistaken. We may make unhealthy choices because we are factually misinformed or not motivated to act on our preferences, but we might also cheerfully prefer the unhealthy options. We cannot decide which just by considering addiction, manipulation, irrational choice, or whether we are in general the best judges of our interests. We need to know what counts as a mistake, which this chapter describes, and the evidence about whether we make such mistakes, which the next chapter presents.
Autonomy
Authors: Wilkinson T M
Published: January 2025

Autonomy is valuable in itself, apart from whether it makes us better fulfil our preferences; and sometimes, although not always, we should not interfere with people’s decisions about their lives even if doing so would make them better off. This chapter describes autonomy as personal sovereignty and explains how it can conflict with and outweigh the value of well-being. It considers how to think about tradeoffs between autonomy and well-being. Thus public health advocates must tell us why their interventions are either of enough benefit to outweigh any loss of autonomy or else do not conflict with autonomy at all. Critics of public health must do more than show that public health interventions infringe on autonomy; they must also explain why the loss of autonomy is not outweighed by the benefits in well-being.
Do Public Health Interventions Infringe on Autonomy?
Authors: Wilkinson T M
Published: January 2025

This chapter sets out and criticizes arguments by public health advocates that their interventions would not infringe on autonomy. The advocates argue that taxes, and similar cost-raising measures, do not infringe on autonomy; that typically public health interventions are in relatively trivial matters outside the protection of autonomy; that interventions, despite restricting choice, enhance autonomy; and that people want to limit their unhealthy options so as to avoid indulging their weaknesses. These arguments are not persuasive. Only the last argument, that people want to limit their own choices, is promising in principle; its problem is that we have no good reason to think that many people do want to limit their choices.
Rationality, Addiction, and Manipulation
Authors: Wilkinson T M
Published: January 2025

Advocates for public health interventions say they could not infringe on our autonomy because unhealthy consumption is not autonomous; but their arguments are unsuccessful. This chapter consider three main arguments. The first is that our actions generally are not autonomous; this conclusion rests on an implausibly demanding account of autonomy and an exaggerated view of the evidence. The second is that unhealthy products are often addictive; but most consumers of these products are not addicted, and even the addicts tend to be autonomous. The final argument is that unhealthy consumption is powerfully driven by manipulation. To assess this claim, we need both to understand the concept of manipulation and consider the evidence; and once we understand the evidence needed to support the claim, we can see we do not have it.
The Nanny State and Market Failure
Authors: Wilkinson T M
Published: January 2025

Public health advocates cannot avoid paternalistic arguments if they want to justify the interventions they favour. They say their interventions correct market failures, for instance by preventing some imposing costs on others, or by providing healthy options where markets do not. These arguments are not paternalistic but they also do not successfully justify many of the bans, taxes, regulations, and sometimes subsidies that public health advocates want. What the advocates want could only be justified if people would be better off by being steered towards being healthier. In other words, the only justification that might work is paternalistic. However, we can learn from the non-paternalistic arguments. Public health advocates are right to emphasize the collective in one respect, not as an alternative to paternalism but in showing that public health paternalism is not made redundant by the possibility of privately constraining one’s own unhealthy choices.