bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Prasugrel in Patients with Clopidogrel Hypersensitivity
Authors: Joshi Aparna , Hazra Darpanarayan , Nekkanti Ankita Chowdary
Published: May 2022

Allergic response to clopidogrel is a significant and difficult clinical problem as it is one of the recommended drugs after coronary stenting to prevent thrombosis. We present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent coronary revascularization and developed an urticarial rash after being started on dual antiplatelet medication (aspirin and clopidogrel). He was managed conservatively, to which he responded well and was discharged on prasugrel. This case study from India adds to the available literature and discusses the alternative drugs that could be used in patients with clopidogrel hypersensitivity.
Impact of Perceived Self-Efficacy Among Hypertensives in Adapting to Low Salt Diet
Authors: Elangovan Venmathi , Nirupama A.Y.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Hypertension is a crucial health problem worldwide, and its snowballing epidemiology demands stern caution to increase the focus on this silent disease. Evidence exists that a considerable decline in salt consumption decreases blood pressure (BP) by around 5–7 mm of Hg systolic, in patients with increased BP.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among known hypertensive patients attending a health-care setting for routine check-up. This included patients of both genders, diagnosed with hypertensive at least 3 months prior, irrespective of their adherence to medication. Thus, convenient sampling was used to recruit participants after obtaining informed consent. The participants, who did not consent or cases of emergency such as myocardial infarction, malignant hypertension or arrhythmias and association with confirmed diabetes mellitus, were excluded. The study tool consisted of prevalidated and semistructured interview schedule

Results:

Median (inter-quartile range) age of the study participants was 60 (15) years with 59% of the population constituting of females. The consumption of dietary sodium was observed to be 2–4 g/day among 74.3% (78) of the study participants, and >5 g among 22.8% (23) of the study participants. Nearly 70% of the participants had higher to moderate perceived self-efficacy scores indicating an overall higher self-efficacy among participants in adapting to the practice of salt restriction. Perceived self-efficacy scores negatively correlated with dietary sodium intake by Spearman's correlation (rho = −0.667,P< 0.001).

Conclusion:

The perceived self-efficacy scores of the participants showed a strong negative correlation with the dietary sodium intake, this may be an indication of need for self-motivation and patient participation in the control of factors such as restricted salt intake in patients with hypertension and warrants further research.
Analysis of a mathematical model of the population dynamics of drug addiction among youths
Authors: Eguda Felix Yakubu , Ocheme Christian Ameh , Sule Mohammed Mustapha , Abah Samuel Eneojo , Hamza Garba Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Drug addiction amongst youths has been identified as one of the global menace that has affected negatively the development and productivity of young people which has come to stay from time pass to the present day and has resulted to various behavioural disorder such as criminality, psychiatric issues and death. In this paper, a 5 sub-class model is formulated to analyze the population dynamics of drug addiction among youths and the effect of addiction on their development and productivity towards contributing their quota to the human population. The model was developed using ordinary differential equations approach. It was determined that the basic reproduction number which is a vital tool for measuring the impact of drug addiction in human was obtained using the next generation operator method. Stability analysis was carried out and it was discovered that drug-free equilibrium exists and it was shown to be locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever effective basic reproduction number is less than one; and unstable whenever effective basic reproduction number is greater than one. It was discovered that drug abuse persisted among youths and are both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever effective basic reproduction number is greater than one and unstable whenever effective basic reproduction number is less than one.
Techno-Economic Viability Assessment of Standalone Solar PV System for Rural Electric Power Supply
Authors: Ikechukwu I.F. , Chibueze P.
Published: May 2022

The techno-economic analysis emphasizing on energy production and cost of energy from photovoltaic stand-alone system at Umudike in eastern Nigeria was analyzed in this paper. This was carried out by obtaining data on the daily energy consumption of umudike, excess electricity and unmet electric load. The annual average solar irradiation considered in this study was obtained as 4.71kWh/m2/day. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources software was used to perform the technical and economic analysis of the stand-alone system in Umudike to ensure generation of uninterrupted power supply and to meet its energy demands, a photovoltaic system of 78.2 kW should be installed at a net present cost of $442,683 and an initial capital cost of $330,211. The photovoltaic stand-alone system will help to proffer solution to the daily power outages lasting several hours in Umudike. The photovoltaic Standalone System is a good source of continuous power generation, as it reduces combustion of fossil fuels and the consequent carbon dioxide emission which is the main cause of greenhouse-effect and global warming.
Effect of adipose derived stem cells on the survival rate of long random pattern skin flap in rats, and the underlying mechanism of action
Authors: Ding Sheng , Liu Yunfeng , Song Mingming , Jin Xinyuan , Liu Xiaojun , Zhao Rui , Sun Ran
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the survival rate of long random pattern skin flaps in rats and the likely underlying mechanism.

Methods: Twenty (20) SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the control group were given phosphate buffered saline (PBS), while rats in the study group received ADSCs. The survival rate of the skin flaps was compared between the 2 groups on day 7 after operation, while the levels of indices related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response were compared on the 7th and 14th days after operation.

Results: Necrosis in the study group was milder (p < 0.05). On the 7th post-operation day, the survival rate of rat skin flap in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), but the MDA level in the study group was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). On the 14th day after the operation, the MDA level was decreased in the two groups (p < 0.05), with a lower MDA level in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: ADSCs inhibit inflammatory response and reduces the level of oxidative stress after long random pattern skin flap transplantation in rats, thereby enhancing blood supply to the flap transplantation area and improving its survival rate. Thus, ADSCs have a potential clinical application in enhancing blood supply in skin transplantation.
MiR 19a promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of placental trophoblasts via PTEN pathway
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ma Ning , Lu Weiying , Zhou Zhi , Liu Suju
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To screen the micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the pathological processes of preeclampsia (PE), and to assess their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells.

Methods: The miRNAs in PE patients and healthy puerperae were screened out using miRNA microarray assay, and verified through low-throughput quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of expression level of miR-19a on proliferation and cycle of HTR-8/SVneo cells were determined using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. The influence of the expression level of miR-19a on apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells was evaluated using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/PI staining. Subsequently, luciferase reporter gene assay, CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were conducted, respectively.

Results: Serum miR-19a was significantly decreased in PE patients, and a high level of miR-19a led to increase in the proliferation of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Decreased level of miR-19a arrested HTR-8/SVneo cell cycle at G1 phase, while increase in the miR-19a level repressed the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. The PTEN was a direct target of miR-19a, and overexpression of miR-19a promoted the activation of Akt signaling pathway, thereby significantly decreasing the expression levels of downstream phosphorylated p21/p21 (p-p21/p21), p-p27/p27 and p-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β)/GSK3β. Compared with those in cells transfected with empty vectors, the pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of miR-19a weakened in HTR-8/SVneo cell lines with overexpressed PTEN.

Conclusion: MiR-19a targets PTEN in order to activate Akt signaling pathway, thereby promoting proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. This provides new drug targets that can be investigated for future treatment of PE.
Carbon stocks in the forests of the Ural Region
Authors: Sultanova Rida , Martynova Maria , Odintsov Georgiy , Yanbaev Yulai
Published: May 2022

This paper examines carbon stocks in the forests of the Ural region forest fund. Carbon deposition in forest biomass, the average, average annual and annual carbon absorption were assessed by age groups and dominant species. The average annual rates of forest destruction were estimated depending on the territory of forest fires and burnt areas. Carbon losses in the biomass pool after continuous logging were estimated according to the methodology "On approving guidance to calculate greenhouse gas emissions” developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Carbon storage indicators were calculated from the groundwood of coniferous, hard-leaved and soft-leaved forests for all age groups. Changes in carbon stocks are shown for the period 2007-2018. The forests of the study area, the Republic of Bashkortostan, were found to sink carbon in 3,618.9 thousand tons/year. Pinus sylvestris L. forests accumulate the largest amount of carbon, 58,384.3 thousand tons, among coniferous forests. The difference between carbon absorption and its budget was 3,124.4 thousand tons/year. Soft-leaved stands that dominate in the republic accumulate the largest total carbon stock being 195,900.2 thousand tons. However, their average level of carbon stock is lower than that of coniferous and hard-leaved forests. Maintaining the level of carbon dioxide uptake is a strategic task of the republic's forestry sector, with compensatory reforestation being one solution. Keywords: absorption; carbon; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; storage; wood harvesting
Smelting Experiments with Chalcopyrite Ore based on Evidence from the Eastern Alps
Authors: Rose Thomas , Hanning Erica , Klein Sabine
Published: May 2022

In order to assess the fractionation of copper isotopes during smelting under reconstructed conditions, smelting experiments with chalcopyrite ore were conducted in built furnaces based on archaeometallurgical evidence from the Bronze Age Eastern Alps and ethnographic examples from Nepal. Two experimental series, S2 and S4 were chosen for analysis. Each series consisted of a number of roasting and smelting experiments with different experimental parameters, and both series yielded metallic copper. Each type of experiment, their outcomes, and observations made during them are described in detail to facilitate future experimental work. Both series differ significantly in their outcome. XRD analyses and chemical analyses were carried out to reveal the reasons for the observed differences.  The chemistry of the obtained matte shows that roasting is pivotal for a successful smelting process and that two cycles of matte roasting and subsequent smelting can be sufficient to remove most of the sulphur and iron from the matte. Furthermore, different conditions in the shaft furnaces resulted in a more efficient oxidation of iron in series S4. During the subsequent smelting of the matte in the pit furnace, it was possible to extract larger amounts of metallic copper and sponge copper, as well as to produce a thin well-melted plate-like slag. The pit furnace did not always show clear traces of metallurgical activity and thus might not be identifiable in the archaeological records without chemical analysis of the pit lining and surrounding soil. Although more trials are needed to replicate the process, these experiments give a strong hint towards the reconstruction of the matte smelting process in the Bronze Age alpine area.
Issues of implementing the requirements of educational standards of a new generation
Authors: Solskaya I. Yu. , Grosheva N. B.
Published: May 2022

The development of requirements for the content of education is due to the dynamics of the factors of the external environment, and, fi rst of all, the trends of economic development. The essence of the requirements lies in the closest approximation of the content of educational programs, regulated by federal educational standards, to the content of the practical activities of graduates, determined by professional standards.

The conducted research is aimed at analyzing the methodological base for linking professional standards and federal state standards at the level of formation of competencies and indicators. A systematic approach to evaluating the model of educational activity made it possible to assess the change in the nature of the interaction between the requirements of the labor market and the ways to meet them within the framework of the content and main aspects of the quality of educational programs. The features of the implementation of relations between communities of employers in the process of forming professional standards and their translation into methods of evaluation tools, which are an integral part of professional educational programs, are presented.

The article formulates the main results of the study, namely, the methodological problems of the quality of education and the direction of the scientifi c, methodological and organizational and methodological activities of educational organizations in the community with employers and regional bodies that coordinate the requirements for graduates.
Accompanying international students in Germany to academic success: Results and recommendations from the SeSaBa project
Authors: Pineda Jesús , Kercher Jan , Falk Susanne , Thies Theresa , Zimmermann Julia , Yildirim Hüseyin Hilmi
Published: May 2022

International students are an increasingly large and important interest group at German universities. Compared to German students, however, they have to cope with special challenges. According to estimates by the German Centre for Higher Education and Science Research (DZHW), currently just 49% of international bachelor’s students (starting in 2014/15) and 26% of international master’s students (starting in 2016) drop out of their studies in Germany (compared to 27% and 17% for German bachelor’s and master’s students, respectively). In the framework of the research project „Success and withdrawal of international students in Germany“ (SeSaBa), the study and life situation of international students was analysed in detail. Between the 2017/18 winter semester and the 2020 summer semester, more than 4,500 international bachelor’s and master’s students from 125 universities were surveyed about their study and living situation in Germany. This practice-oriented final report summarises key findings from the SeSaBa project.
ESTUDIO DE AUTOEFICACIA ACADÉMICA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE MEDICINA Y NUTRICIÓN
Authors: Aldana Susuky Mar , Castañeda Delfín José Cirilo , Rodríguez López Miriam Hazel
Published: May 2022

La presente investigación propone el objetivo central de analizar la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios de las licenciaturas de médico cirujano y nutrición. Para tal fin, se aplicó el Inventario de Expectativa de Autoeficacia Académica (IEAA) formulado para medir el constructo a 294 estudiantes de la carrera de medicina y 208 de nutrición. Los resultados demuestran que las actividades donde los estudiantes muestran un mayor nivel de expectativas de autoeficacia son realizar cualquier trabajo académico que encargue el maestro y organizarse adecuadamente para entregar a tiempo los trabajos que encargue el maestro.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze self-efficacy of undergraduate students in medical surgeon and nutrition majors. For this purpose, the Inventory of Academic Self-Efficacy Expectation (Inventario de Expectativa de Autoeficacia Académica-IEAA) formulated by Barraza (2010) was applied to measure the construct in 294 young students majoring in Medicine and 208 in Nutrition. Results show that the activities where students display a higher level of expectations of self-efficacy are; when performing any academic assignment requested by the teacher and organizing themselves adequately in order to hand them in on time.
Physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of garlic salt to prevent arterial hypertension
Authors: Tsikunib Aminet D. , Ezlyu Fatima N. , Shartan Ruzanna R. , Alimkhanova Aminat A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. From hygienic point of view, the consumption of table salt (TS) neither below nor above the physiological norm is relevant to ensure normal biochemical processes of sodium metabolism in the body. The aim of the study was a physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of Adyghe garlic salt (GS), made by using traditional technology, for optimizing the level of NaCl consumption and prevention arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. Seventy-one adolescent girl aged 12-15 years and 124 women aged 38.5±4.2 years of Adyg nationality took part in the studies. The attitude to GS and the level of its consumption were revealed by the method of focus groups, questionnaires and analysis of 3-day diets. Blood pressure indicators were determined by the oscillometric method, the content of albumin in morning urine - by the ICA method, the taste sensitivity threshold to salt (STST) - by the density measurement method, the efficiency of achieving a salty taste when using GS - by the tasting analysis method. Results. Adolescent girls and women from families regularly using garlic salt (GS) in home cooking have been found to have low levels of NaCl consumption (LLNaClC). In families that do not use GS in practice, a high level of NaCl consumption (HLCNaCl) is detected. The STST values are reliably lower in LLNaClC groups . GS compared to TS is more effective in achieving salty taste by 23.2±1.84%. In the group of women with LLNaClC, blood pressure indices are lower, microalbuminuria is not detected. Limitations. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of GS to optimize the level of NaCl consumption and to carry out prevention of arterial hypertension, we took only female persons of the Adyghe nationality as participants of research. In the future, it is planned to expand research taking into account gender and national aspects. Conclusion. GS reduces the NaCl consumption without disturbing hedonistic perception of taste. Increasing public awareness of the benefits of GS in achieving salty taste and its widespread introduction into the modern nutritional system of various populations can be an effective hygienic approach to optimizing NaCl consumption, and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension.
SISTEM PERANCANGAN CONVEYOR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR PROXIMITY PR18-8DN PADA WOOD SANDING MACHINE
Authors: Aribowo Didik , Desmira Desmira , Ekawati Ratna , Rahmah Nidaur
Published: May 2022

Wood sanding machine mesin pengamplas kayu biasanya digunakan dalam skala kecil maupun juga skala industri. Dalam pengembangan wood sanding machine yang telah dibuat sebelumnya diperlukan penambahan conveyor yang digunakan sebagai pembawa bahan baku yaitu kayu sehingga lebih efisien dalam proses produksinya. Metode yang digunakan meliputi studi literatur, studi lapangan, proses perancangan serta proses manufaktur. Pada hasil penelitian telah dibuat, conveyor pada wood sanding machine dengan sistem penggerak motor stepper didapatkan hasil perbedaan kecepatan conveyor tanpa beban dan dengan beban sebesar 0,025 – 0,014 m/detik. Bagian perancangan conveyor atau komponennya yaitu motor stepper, gear sprocket penggerak, penyetel belt dan belt conveyor.  Sistem bantuan sensor otomatis digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan memantau kecepatan permainan. Sensor untuk sistem ini menggunakan sensor jarak induktif proximity sensor merupakan sebagai alat pendeteksi barang yang melewati sensor tersebut dan juga sebagai sistem bantuan otomatis yang akan menggerakkan dan memberhentikan wood sanding machine tersebut. Jarak sensor proximity untuk mendeteksi sebuah benda yang melewati sensor tersebut yaitu 6 cm.
Living with COVID-19: emotions and health
during the pandemic
Authors: Rania Nadia , Pinna Laura , Coppola Ilaria
Published: May 2022

Background

COVID-19 has led and still leads all nations to adopt virus containment plans, considering possible strategies that help to live with the virus. The present study aimed to investigate the practical, psychological and emotional aspects of living with COVID-19.

Participants and procedure

A total of 250 young adults (86% female), who lived in north-western Italy, took part in an online photovoice study, in re-spect of social distancing. They participated in a group discussion following the method SHOWeD. The researchers ana-lyzed the photographs along with comments and transcripts from the SHOWeD group discussions using the triangulation process of visual and textual data. The collected data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory, with the support of the NVivo 12 software.

Results

From the analysis of the emotions concerning the psychological health of participants, 4 categories were identified. The results reveal benefits and emotional aspects that have stimulated the increase of individual and community empowerment. COVID-19 has led and still leads all nations to adopt virus containment plans, considering possible strategies that help to live with the virus.

Conclusions

From the analysis of the results it emerged how the online photovoice was a tool that allowed on the one hand the sharing of experiences and emotions related to living with COVID-19 and on the other hand to maintain social ties despite physical distance.
Evaluation of hospital-level antibiotic use in Kyrgyzstan between 2016 and 2019 based on the World Health Organization AWaRe classification
Authors: Imankulova Asel , Zurdinova Aida , Djumalieva Gulmira , Sharaeva Ainura , Baisekeev Talaibek , Orozalieva Bakyt , Yethindra Vityala , Tagaev Tugolbai
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: One of the main goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) global action plan to combat Antimicrobial Resistance is to study the tendency of antimicrobial consumption for systemic use to improve how antimicrobial medications are prescribed and utilized. The objective of the study was to evaluate antibiotic use based on the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification and analyse antimicrobial consumption using Defined Daily Doses in a multidisciplinary hospital in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of antimicrobial consumption data from a multidisciplinary hospital in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, was completed between 2016 and 2019. Information on the structure and volume of antimicrobial consumption, and the number of bed days, was obtained from the internal database and official annual reports of the multidisciplinary hospital.
Results: The consumption of levofloxacin increased by 3.935 Defined Daily Doses per 100 Bed-Days (DDD/100BD) (5.6 times) and that of moxifloxacin by 450 DDD/100BD (10.1 times), compared to that in 2016. Notably, the analysis of data on DDD/100BD consumption based on antimicrobial groups identified the most frequently used medications as stationary data points and identified the top-assigned antimicrobials from different groups, which increased in consumption over time.
Conclusion: The rapid growth in the use of antibiotics from the Watch class, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, reflects the challenges associated with the rational use of antibiotics. The AWaRe system is an important indicator of efforts to combat Antimicrobial Resistance and ensure equal access to effective antibiotics worldwide.
Weight reduction in response to unauthorized treatment in a poorly controlled obese woman
Authors: Al-Halaseh Lidia Kamal , Abu Hajleh Maha Nour , Al-Samydai Ali Mahmoud
Published: May 2022

This case study highlights the importance of using alternative or herbal medication with no authority or medical prescription. Obesity is a disease that affect human physiological and psychological health and leads to serious complications such as cardiovascular problems. An overweight 41-aged female with a body mass index of 53.9 Kg/m2 with no medical history has self-prescribed a herbal tea of fountain grass aerial parts following herbalist advice. Her obesity is poorly controlled and negatively affect her social, emotional, and overall psychological status. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, and glycosylate hemoglobin were on the highest edges. The patient tried many diet regimes with no avail. After regular intake of the herbal tea for six months in conjugation with a low-carb diet; there was an enhancement in her obesity profile conjugated with significant improvements in her body scores and biochemical profile. Undesirable effects were experienced include loss of appetite, constipation, and mood change. The herbal fountain grass tea has a significant contribution to decrease the patient weight and improve her biochemical readings. Alternative therapy and traditional recipes have to be monitored and investigated thoroughly for clinical evidence. The safety of P. setaceum needs more investigation.
O consentimento, os dados sensíveis e a responsabilidade civil na LGPD: uma análise à luz dos contratos de seguro
Authors: Pini Indyanara Cristina
Published: May 2022

Aborda-se no estudo, de início, a necessidade histórica da existência de legislações específicas para  a regulamentação do tratamento de dados, sobretudo pelos movimentos mundiais decorrentes da globalização e informatização das relações sociais. Analise-se ainda as bases legais das legislações que regulamentam o tratamento de dados na atualidade, com enfoque específico a GDPR e a LGPD, sendo a primeira de origem Europeia e a segunda a atual legislação sobre o tema no Brasil, e, especificamente a figura do consentimento informado e da autodeterminação informativa como norteadores para o tratamento de dados, especialmente aqueles dispostos na legislação de natureza sensível. Busca-se com o estudo, demonstrar a importância e as previsões específicas do tratamento de dados sensíveis nas legislações, e, igualmente, a importância do consentimento informado para o compartilhamento destas informações nos contratos de seguro, visando evitar ao titular dos dados que o tratamento inadequado ou o vazamento das informações prestadas implique na sua exclusão ou dificulte a avença de outras situações contratuais. Neste cenário, analisa-se também a tutela dada pelas legislações em estudo para as situações de violação e a possibilidade de reparação civil ao titular do dado. Utilizando-se, do método dedutivo para demonstrar a previsão quanto a responsabilização civil e, igualmente, a sua aplicação, através das análises conjuntas da legislação brasileira e do direito comparado, amparando-se ainda em bibliografia sobre o tema, fundamenta-se o estudo.
El principio non bis in idem. Una aproximación a su tratamiento legal en algunos países del ámbito latinoamericano y europeo
Authors: Espinosa Velázquez Kenia Margarita
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar un breve análisis del tratamiento legal que se le ha dado al principio non bis in ídem en algunos ordenamientos jurídicos del área latinoamericana y europea, con especial énfasis en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano. Sustentado en el empleo de los métodos jurídico doctrinal y análisis jurídico, en el trabajo se aborda lo referente a la definición conceptual del principio non bis in ídem; se alude a los requisitos en virtud de los cuales este cobra aplicabilidad y además de ello, se realiza  un breve análisis del modo en que ha sido reconocido en diferentes textos normativos de carácter internacional y nacional. Por último, y con un enfoque crítico, se exponen las insuficiencias que presenta el ordenamiento jurídico patrio en cuanto al tratamiento legal del principio non bis in ídem desde la perspectiva del Derecho Constitucional, el Derecho Penal y el Derecho Administrativo Sancionador. De este modo, la principal conclusión a la que se arriba en este trabajo es que a diferencia de lo que acontece en algunos países del ámbito latinoamericano y europeo, el referido principio no goza en nuestro país de un reconocimiento legal.
In/Definición de la ocupación de los lugares de trabajo
Authors: Ruocco Graciela
Published: May 2022

Luego de situar el tema en el marco del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho, y de examinar el efecto que produce en la Gobernabilidad, nuestro énfasis se concentra en el cuestionamiento de la ocupación por los trabajadores como una extensión o modalidad del derecho de huelga. Asimismo analizaremos la Recomendación del Comité de Libertad Sindical de la OIT a propósito de la queja planteada por empresarios uruguayos contra el Gobierno de la República Oriental del Uruguay -Caso N° 2699- emitida en marzo de 2010. Finalmente, analizaremos el acierto de la última solución legislativa lograda en nuestro país
Encefalitis aguda necrotizante, diagnóstico retador en una niña con deterioro neurológico súbito
Authors: Tautiva Rojas María , Bogantes-Ledezma Sixto
Published: May 2022

La encefalitis aguda necrotizante (EAN) es una entidad muy poco frecuente, con compromiso neurológico importante, en la cual los hallazgos radiológicos de lesiones en sistema nervioso central necróticas, simétricas y multifocales son esenciales para diagnosticarla. Se asocia a una respuesta inmune exagerada. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 1 año y 3 meses, previamente sana y con un deterioro neurológico súbito posterior a un cuadro febril de un día y convulsiones, con necesidad de reanimación y ventilación. La neuroimagen demostró las lesiones características de EAN y se manejó con tratamiento inmunomodulador así como antibiótico y antiviral. Se aislaron en muestra respiratoria adenovirus y rinovirus como únicos gérmenes. La paciente sobrevivió con morbilidad importante como secuelas neurológicas, traqueostomía y gastrostomía. Este es el primer de EAN caso publicado en Costa Rica.
Ahmed Şevkî’nin Tiyatro Anlayışında Emîretu’l-Endelus (Endülüs Prensesi) Tiyatrosu
Authors: AYDIN Mustafa , ERGÜL KESKİN Aysel
Published: May 2022

Ahmed Şevkî (1868-1932), unutulmaz kasideleriyle modern Arap şiirinin Emîru’ş-Şuʻarâ’sı (Şairlerin Emiri) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Arap edebî geleneğine kazandırdığı lirik şiirleriyle tanınmış olan Şevkî, modern Mısır edebiyatının önde gelen şairlerinden ve dramatistlerinden biridir. Üslubunu ve biçimini geliştirerek manzum tiyatro alanına büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Bu nedenle Arap edebiyatında manzum tiyatronun babası olarak kabul edilmiştir. Şevkî’nin tarihî draması olan Emîretu’l-Endelus (Endülüs Prensesi-1932), mensur olarak yazdığı tek tiyatro eseridir. Konusunu İslam tarihinden almıştır. Şair olan Melik el-Muʻtemid b. ʻAbbâd’ın hüzünlü saltanat dönemiyle ilgilidir. Endülüs’ü anlatan sanatsal örneklerden biri olan Emîretu’l-Endelus tiyatrosu, Endülüs meselesini ve onun maruz kaldığı işgali ele alarak Şevkî’nin diğer tiyatroları gibi okuyucusuna dokunan duygusal bir mesaj taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ahmet Şevkî’nin tiyatro anlayışının ışığı altında Emîretu’l-Endelus tiyatrosunun dramatik yapısının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Measurement report: Evolution and distribution of NH3 over Mexico City from ground-based and satellite infrared spectroscopic measurements
Authors: Herrera Beatriz , Bezanilla Alejandro , Blumenstock Thomas , Dammers Enrico , Hase Frank , Clarisse Lieven , Magaldi Adolfo , Rivera Claudia , Stremme Wolfgang , Strong Kimberly , Viatte Camille , Van Damme Martin , Grutter Michel
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is the most abundant alkaline compound in the atmosphere, with consequences for the environment, human health, and radiative forcing. In urban environments, it is known to play a key role in the formation of secondary aerosols through its reactions with nitric and sulphuric acids. However, there are only a few studies about NH3 in Mexico City. In this work, atmospheric NH3 was measured over Mexico City between 2012 and 2020 by means of ground-based solar absorption spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at two sites (urban and remote). Total columns of NH3 were retrieved from the FTIR spectra and compared with data obtained from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite instrument. The diurnal variability of NH3 differs between the two FTIR stations and is strongly influenced by the urban sources. Most of the NH3 measured at the urban station is from local sources, while the NH3 observed at the remote site is most likely transported from the city and surrounding areas. The evolution of the boundary layer and the temperature play a significant role in the recorded seasonal and diurnal patterns of NH3. Although the vertical columns of NH3 are much larger at the urban station, the observed annual cycles are similar for both stations, with the largest values in the warm months, such as April and May. The IASI measurements underestimate the FTIR NH3 total columns by an average of 32.2 ± 27.5 % but exhibit similar temporal variability. The NH3 spatial distribution from IASI shows the largest columns in the northeast part of the city. In general, NH3 total columns over Mexico City exhibited an average annual increase of 92 ± 3.9 x 1013 molecules/cm2 yr (urban) and 8.4 ± 1.4 x 1013 molecules/cm2 yr (remote) was observed in Mexico City at both FTIR stations and a decadal increase of 62 % with IASI data.
Kinetics, SOA yields, and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-caryophyllene ozonolysis with and without nitrogen oxides between 213 and 313 K
Authors: Gao Linyu , Song Junwei , Mohr Claudia , Huang Wei , Vallon Magdalena , Jiang Feng , Leisner Thomas , Saathoff Harald
Published: May 2022

Abstract. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is one of the most important
sesquiterpenes (SQTs) in the atmosphere, with a large potential contribution
to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mainly from reactions with
ozone (O3) and nitrate radicals (NO3). In this work, we study the
temperature dependence of the kinetics of BCP ozonolysis, SOA yields, and
SOA chemical composition in the dark and in the absence and presence of
nitrogen oxides including nitrate radicals (NO3). We cover a
temperature range of 213–313 K, representative of tropospheric
conditions. The oxidized components in both gas and particle phases were
characterized on a molecular level by a chemical ionization mass
spectrometer equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols using
iodide as the reagent ion (FIGAERO-iodide-CIMS). The batch mode experiments
were conducted in the 84.5 m3 aluminium simulation chamber AIDA at the
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In the absence of nitrogen oxides,
the temperature-dependent rate coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in
BCP reacting with ozone between 243–313 K is negatively correlated with
temperature, corresponding to the following Arrhenius equation: k=
(1.6 ± 0.4) × 10−15 × exp((559 ±  97)/T).
The SOA yields increase from 16 ± 5 % to 37 ± 11 %, with
temperatures decreasing from 313 to 243 K at a total organic particle mass
of 10 µg m−3. The variation in the ozonolysis temperature leads
to a substantial impact on the abundance of individual organic molecules. In
the absence of nitrogen oxides, monomers C14−15H22−24O3−7
(37.4 %), dimers C28−30H44−48O5−9 (53.7 %), and
trimers C41−44H62−66O9−11 (8.6 %) are abundant in the
particle phase at 213 K. At 313 K, we observed more oxidized monomers (mainly
C14−15H22−24O6−9, 67.5 %) and dimers (mainly
C27−29H42−44O9−11, 27.6 %), including highly oxidized
molecules (HOMs; C14H22O7,9, C15H22O7,9C15H24O7,9), which can be formed via hydrogen shift
mechanisms, but no significant trimers. In the presence of nitrogen oxides, the
organonitrate fraction increased from 3 % at 213 K to 12 % and 49 %
at 243 and 313 K, respectively. Most of the organonitrates were monomers
with C15 skeletons and only one nitrate group. More highly oxygenated
organonitrates were observed at higher temperatures, with their
signal-weighted O:C atomic ratio increasing from 0.41 to 0.51 from 213 to
313 K. New dimeric and trimeric organic species without nitrogen atoms
(C20, C35) were formed in the presence of nitrogen oxides at 298–313 K,
indicating potential new reaction pathways. Overall, our results show that
increasing temperatures lead to a relatively small decrease in the rate
coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in BCP reacting with ozone but to
a strong decrease in SOA yields. In contrast, the formation of HOMs and
organonitrates increases significantly with temperature.
Assessment of tropospheric CALIPSO Version 4.2 aerosol types over the ocean using independent CALIPSO–SODA lidar ratios
Authors: Li Zhujun , Painemal David , Schuster Gregory , Clayton Marian , Ferrare Richard , Vaughan Mark , Josset Damien , Kar Jayanta , Trepte Charles
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We assess the CALIPSO Version 4.2 (V4) aerosol typing and assigned lidar ratios over ocean using aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm and retrieved columnar lidar ratio estimated by combining SODA AOD and CALIPSO attenuated backscatter (CALIPSO–SODA). Six aerosol types – clean marine, dusty marine,
dust, polluted continental/smoke, polluted dust, and elevated smoke – are
characterized using CALIPSO–SODA over ocean and the results are compared
against the prescribed V4 lidar ratios, when only one aerosol type is
present in the atmospheric column. For samples detected at 5 or 20 km
spatial resolutions and having AOD > 0.05, the CALIPSO–SODA lidar
ratios are significantly different between different aerosol types, and are
consistent with the type-specific values assigned in V4 to within 10 sr
(except for polluted continental/smoke). This implies that the CALIPSO
classification scheme generally categorizes specific aerosols types
correctly over regions where they are abundant. We find remarkable
daytime/nighttime regional agreement for clean marine aerosol over the open
ocean (CALIPSO–SODA = 20–25 sr, V4 = 23 sr), elevated smoke over the southeast Atlantic (CALIPSO–SODA = 65–75 sr, V4 = 70 sr), and dust over the subtropical Atlantic adjacent to the African continent (CALIPSO–SODA = 40–50 sr, V4 = 44 sr). In contrast, daytime polluted continental/smoke lidar
ratio is more than 20 sr smaller than the constant V4 value for that type,
attributed in part to the challenge of classifying tenuous aerosol with low
signal-to-noise ratio. Dust over most of the Atlantic Ocean features
CALIPSO–SODA lidar ratios less than 40 sr, possibly suggesting the presence of dust mixed with marine aerosols or lidar ratio values that depend on source and evolution of the aerosol plume. The new dusty marine type introduced in V4 features similar magnitudes and spatial distribution as its clean marine counterpart with lidar ratio differences of less than 3 sr, and nearly identical values over the open ocean, implying that some modification of the classification scheme for the marine subtypes is warranted.
Terrestrial exospheric dayside H-density profile at 3–15 RE from UVIS/HDAC and TWINS Lyman-α data combined
Authors: Zoennchen Jochen H. , Connor Hyunju K. , Jung Jaewoong , Nass Uwe , Fahr Hans J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Terrestrial ecliptic dayside observations of the exospheric Lyman-α column intensity between 3–15 Earth radii (RE) by UVIS/HDAC (UVIS – ultraviolet imaging spectrograph; HDAC – hydrogen-deuterium absorption
cell) Lyman-α photometer at CASSINI have been analyzed to derive the neutral exospheric H-density profile at the Earth's ecliptic dayside in this radial range. The data were measured during CASSINI's swing-by maneuver at the Earth on 18 August 1999 and are published by Werner et al. (2004). In this study the dayside HDAC Lyman-α observations published by Werner et al. (2004) are compared to calculated Lyman-α intensities based on the 3D H-density model derived from TWINS (Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers) Lyman-α observations between 2008–2010 (Zoennchen et al., 2015). It was found that both Lyman-α profiles show a very similar radial dependence in particular between 3–8 RE. Between 3.0–5.5 RE impact distance Lyman-α observations of both TWINS and UVIS/HDAC exist at the ecliptic dayside. In this overlapping region the cross-calibration of the HDAC profile against the calculated TWINS profile was done, assuming that the exosphere there was similar for both due to comparable space weather conditions. As a result of the cross-calibration the conversion factor between counts per second and rayleigh, fc=3.285 counts s−1 R−1, is determined for these HDAC observations. Using this factor the radial H-density profile for the Earth's ecliptic dayside was derived from the UVIS/HDAC observations, which constrained the neutral H density there at 10 RE to a value of 35 cm−3. Furthermore, a faster radial H-density decrease was found at distances above 8 RE (≈r-3) compared to the lower distances of 3–7 RE (≈r-2.37). This increased loss of neutral H above 8 RE might indicate a higher rate of H ionization in the vicinity of the magnetopause at 9–11 RE (near subsolar point) and beyond, because of increasing charge exchange interactions of exospheric H atoms with solar wind ions outside the magnetosphere.
A nitrate budget of the Bohai Sea based on an isotope mass balance model
Authors: Tian Shichao , Gaye Birgit , Tang Jianhui , Luo Yongming , Li Wenguo , Lahajnar Niko , Dähnke Kirstin , Sanders Tina , Xiong Tianqi , Zhai Weidong , Emeis Kay-Christian
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Bohai Sea (BHS) is a semi-closed marginal sea impacted by one
of the most populated areas of China. The supply of nutrients, markedly that
of reactive nitrogen, via fluvial and atmospheric transport has strongly
increased in parallel with the growing population. Therefore, it is crucial
to quantify the reactive nitrogen input to the BHS and understand the
processes and determine the quantities of nitrogen eliminated in and
exported from the BHS. The nitrogen budget and in particular the internal
sources and sinks of nitrate were constrained by using a mass-based and dual
stable isotope approach based on δ15N and δ18O of
nitrate (NO3-). Samples of water,
suspended matter, and sediments were taken in the BHS in spring (March and
April) and summer (July and August) 2018. The Yellow River (YR) was sampled
in May and July to November, and Daliao River, Hai River, Luan River, and
Xiaoqing River were sampled in November of 2018. In addition to nutrient,
particulate organic carbon, and nitrogen concentrations, the dual isotopes of
nitrate (δ15N and δ18O), δ15N of
suspended matters, and sediments were determined. Based on the available mass
fluxes and isotope data an updated nitrogen budget is proposed. Compared to
previous estimates, it is more complete and includes the impact of interior
cycling (nitrification) on the nitrate pool. The main nitrate sources are
rivers contributing 19.2 %–25.6 % and the combined terrestrial runoff
(including submarine fresh groundwater discharge of nitrate) accounting for
27.8 %–37.1 % of the nitrate input to the BHS, while atmospheric input
contributes 6.9 %–22.2 % to total nitrate. An unusually active interior
nitrogen cycling contributes 40.7 %–65.3 % to total nitrate via
nitrification. Nitrogen is mainly trapped in the BHS and mainly removed by
sedimentation (70.4 %–77.8 %), and only very little is exported to the
Yellow Sea (YS) (only 1.8 %–2.4 %). At present denitrification is active
in the sediments and removes 20.4 %–27.2 % of nitrate from the pool.
However, a further eutrophication of the BHS could induce water column
hypoxia and denitrification, as is increasingly observed in other marginal
seas and seasonally off river mouths.
Lateral carbon export has low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance of a polygonal tundra catchment
Authors: Beckebanze Lutz , Runkle Benjamin Reade Kreps , Walz Josefine , Wille Christian , Holl David , Helbig Manuel , Boike Julia , Sachs Torsten , Kutzbach Lars
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Permafrost-affected soils contain large quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in the SOC pool of a particular ecosystem can be related to its net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in which the balance of carbon (C) influxes and effluxes is expressed. For polygonal tundra landscapes, accounts of ecosystem carbon balances in the literature are often solely based on estimates of vertical carbon fluxes. To fill this gap, we present data regarding the lateral export rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a polygonal tundra site in the North-Siberian Lena River Delta, Russia. We use water discharge observations in combination with concentration measurements of water-borne carbon to derive the lateral carbon fluxes from one season (2 June–8 September 2014 for DOC, 8 June–8 September 2014 for DIC). To put the lateral C fluxes into context, we furthermore present the surface–atmosphere eddy covariance fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from this study site. The results show cumulative annual lateral DIC and DOC fluxes of 0.31–0.38 g m-2 and 0.06–0.08 g m-2, respectively. Vertical turbulent fluxes of CO2-C and CH4-C accumulated to -19.0 ± 1.2 g m-2 and 1.0 ± 0.02 g m-2 during the 93-day observation period (8 June–8 September 2014). Thus, the lateral C export represented about 2 % of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE). However, the relationship between lateral and surface–atmosphere fluxes changed over the observation period. At the beginning of the growing season (early June), the lateral C flux outpaced the surface-directed net vertical turbulent CO2 flux, causing the polygonal tundra landscape to be a net carbon source during this time of the year. Later in the growing season, the vertical turbulent CO2 flux dominated the NECB. Notably, the surface–atmosphere C flux served as a good approximation for the NECB at our study site during the growing season.