bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembajakan Film via Bigo Live Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Ridyana Intan Auliya
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses perspective of Islamic criminal law on the piracy of film using Bigo live. The process of pirating is conducted by live streaming in cinemas by user of such application and broadcasting it via smartphones while the movie is progressing. This piracy contravenes Law No 28/2014 on copy right, especially article 113 (3). This article stipulates that violating economic right of the author as previously stated in article 9 (1,b) which is commercially copying creation in all of its form is punishable with 1.000.000.000 rupiah. In addition, this piracy contravenes Law No/ 11/2008 on Information and Electronic Transaction article 48 (1 and 2) because of abusing the application using electronic devices with maximum punishment of 8 year of imprisonment and fine of 2.000.000.000 rupiah. The film piracy from the perspective of Islamic criminal law can be considered a theft, but not meeting of its punishable requirements. Thus, the punishment is ta’zir determined by state authority in Indonesia.

Keywords: Film piracy, bigo live, Islamic criminal law.

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang pembajakan film via Bigo live menurut hukum pidana Islam. Proses pembajakan film via Bigo live dilakukan dengan cara live streaming di gedung bioskop oleh pengguna aplikasi tersebut, yang kemudian disebarluaskan melalui smarthphone ketika film sedang berlangsung. Pembajakan film via Bigo live tersebut menurut Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, telah melanggar aturan Pasal 113 ayat (3), dan terancam pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 1000.000.0000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). Pembajakan film via Bigo live juga melanggar Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 48 ayat 1 dan 2, dengan ancaman pidana 8 tahun penjara dan denda 2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah). Pembajakan film tersebut menurut hukum pidana Islam adalah termasuk tindak pidana pencurian, namun tidak memenuhi syarat dilaksanakannya hukuman potong tangan, sehingga mengharuskan dilaksanakannya hukuman ta’zîr, karena telah merugikan seseorang dan mengambil hak seseorang tanpa kerelaan orang tersebut. Ketentuan hukumannya ditentukan oleh ulil amri dengan ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Pembajakan film, Bigo live, hukum pidana Islam.
Cyberbullying perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Mukhlishotin Maulida Nur
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses cyberbullying from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. In Law No.19 2016 on Information and electronic Transaction there is no stipulation about cyberbullying. There is, however, stipulation of insult, aspersion, threat and extortion. When looking at the definition of cyberbullying which emphasizes on threat and verbal abuse, this will be punishable based onarticle 29 of the Law. This article stipulates the punishment of maximum 4 (four) year of imprisonment and/or fine of maximum 750.000.000 rupiah. From the perspective of the punishment for offender of cyberbullying as stipulated in the law is suitable with Islamic criminal law.it can be considered as ta’zir with requirement and punishment by the state since ta’zir is not authorized clearly in the Qur’an and Hadith.

Key words: Cyberbullying, Law on Information and electronic transaction, Islamic criminal law

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang cyberbullying menurut hukum pidana Islam. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektroni tidak terdapat unsur yang jelas mengenai cyberbullying. Hanya terdapat unsur penghinaan, pencemaran nama baik, pengancaman dan pemerasan. Jika melihat dari definisi cyberbullying yang menitikberatkan pada pengancaman kekerasan secara verbal, sanksi bagi pelaku tindak kejahatan cyberbullying dikenakan pasal 29 Undang-Undang ITE. Pasal ini mempunyai sanksi pidana sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 45B yakni dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp 750.000.000,00 (tujuh ratus lima puluh juta rupiah). Dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam, hukuman bagi pelaku cyberbullying yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik tersebut telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum pidana Islam. Tindak pidana cyberbullying telah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang ada dalam jarîmah ta’zîr yang hukumannya belum ditentukan oleh syara’ melainkan diserahkan kepada ulil amri (penguasa), baik penentuannya maupun pelaksanaannya. Karena ta’zîr tidak ditentukan secara langsung oleh Alquran dan hadis, maka ini menjadi kompetensi penguasa setempat.

Kata Kunci: Cyberbullying, Undang-undang tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, hukum pidana Islam.
Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Animal Manure Using the Closed Chamber Method for Gas Fluxes
Authors: VAC Sebastian Călin , POPIŢA Gabriela Emilia , FRUNZETI Nicolae , POPOVICI Antoanela
Published: March 2018

Animal manure is an important source of anthropogenic GHG (greenhouse gas): methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The livestock contributes with 37% of global CH4 emission. The sources of GHG (CO2 and CH4) are the liquid manure or slurry storage and the compact solid manure. Measurement systems of GHG emission are important for the selection of the appropriate technology. By using the closed chamber method for soil, landfills, volcanoes etc., the present study evaluates the estimation of total emissions of methane and carbon dioxide from an experimental farm in Cluj County, Romania. The investigated area covered with sheep solid manure was about 579 m2 and ~5 cm thick, for cattle was about 12 m2 and 5 m thick and for swine was about 1.5 m5 and 0.5 m thick. The total methane emission measured for sheep manure was 0.83 t CH4/year and for cattle manure was 0.185 t CH4/year. The total carbon dioxide emission measured for sheep manure was 61.3 t CO2/year and for cattle manure was 4.7 t CO2/year. The measurement for pigs manure was high and this could be due to the freshness of the manure. The estimated emissions showed that a considerable amount of CH4 and CO2 is produced also by an experimental farm and an appropriate management of manure is important for reducing greenhouse gas. In this respect, we believe that the future solution for a green economy is to use manure in biogas plants.
Studies on Ameliorative Effects of Polyphenolic Extract from Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress: an in vivo Assessment
Authors: NAFIU Mikhail O. , OLANIYI Sefiu S. , SALAWU Musa O. , AJAO Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun , AKANJI Musbau A.
Published: March 2018

The current study investigates the effects of polyphenolic extract from the leaf of Paullinia pinnata against CCl4 – induced oxidative stress and liver damage in female albino rats. Thirty albino rats were randomly distributed into six groups (A-F). Rats in group A were given 1 ml normal saline orally to serve as control. The rats in groups B, C, D, E, and F were respectively induced intraperitoneally with single administration of 1 ml/kg body weight (b. wt) CCl4 dissolved in liquid paraffin (1:1). Thirty minutes after induction, the rats in the respective groups were orally treated with normal saline, 50 mg/kg b. wt. Silymarin, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt. polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata respectively, once daily for 7 days.  Levels of liver function indices and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CCl4- induced hepatotoxicity with respect to liver function indices, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation parameters. The biochemical changes observed were also consistent with histopathological observations on the rat liver, as architectural degeneration and severe cellular necrosis were restored after the administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata in the treated groups. The study suggests that polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata is a potential hepatoprotective agent against CCl4-mediated hepatic injury through fortification of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
About EMCO
Authors: Eriksen Roy
Published: March 2018

Opening text for the release edition of EMCO by the General Editor.
Using Petrarch, Ovid and Virgil Anew: Framing and Reframing Diana in the Canon
Authors: Lafont Agnès
Published: March 2018

This article applies the notion of framing to Shakespeare’s reception of the classical Tradition to trace how the selection of the sources from which the definition of the myth of Diana arises is reworked on the Shakespearean stage. To confront the various sources of the mythological figure of Diana, be they from Ovid, Virgil or Petrarch, is to analyse their interactions, their bricolage that draws on a common cultural material in a more or less deliberate, elusive or subversive fashion. This leads us to see how Shakespeare frames the classical heritage and thus appropriatesit through the lens of the myth of Diana. My contention is that Shakespearean drama frames the classical heritage to put it into a new perspective to tell something about Renaissance society
Editorial
Authors: Vinje John Wilhelm
Published: March 2018

Editorial for the second issue of EMCO, vol 2 no 1.
Afterword: Page and Stage, Pasts and Futures
Authors: Sillars Stuart
Published: March 2018

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Hydroxyproline Metabolism and Oxalate Synthesis in Primary Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Fargue Sonia , Milliner Dawn S. , Knight John , Olson Julie B. , Lowther W. Todd , Holmes Ross P.
Published: March 2018

Background Endogenous oxalate synthesis contributes to calcium oxalate stone disease and is markedly increased in the inherited primary hyperoxaluria (PH) disorders. The incomplete knowledge regarding oxalate synthesis complicates discovery of new treatments. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) metabolism results in the formation of oxalate and glycolate. However, the relative contribution of Hyp metabolism to endogenous oxalate and glycolate synthesis is not known.

Methods To define this contribution, we performed primed, continuous, intravenous infusions of the stable isotope [15N,13C5]-Hyp in nine healthy subjects and 19 individuals with PH and quantified the levels of urinary 13C2-oxalate and 13C2-glycolate formed using ion chromatography coupled to mass detection.

Results The total urinary oxalate-to-creatinine ratio during the infusion was 73.1, 70.8, 47.0, and 10.6 mg oxalate/g creatinine in subjects with PH1, PH2, and PH3 and controls, respectively. Hyp metabolism accounted for 12.8, 32.9, and 14.8 mg oxalate/g creatinine in subjects with PH1, PH2, and PH3, respectively, compared with 1.6 mg oxalate/g creatinine in controls. The contribution of Hyp to urinary oxalate was 15% in controls and 18%, 47%, and 33% in subjects with PH1, PH2, and PH3, respectively. The contribution of Hyp to urinary glycolate was 57% in controls, 30% in subjects with PH1, and <13% in subjects with PH2 or PH3.

Conclusions Hyp metabolism differs among PH types and is a major source of oxalate synthesis in individuals with PH2 and PH3. In patients with PH1, who have the highest urinary excretion of oxalate, the major sources of oxalate remain to be identified.
Percepção dos analistas financeiros sobre a relevância da informação contábil no setor elétrico
Authors: Martins Amanda Medeiros , Silva Adolfo Henrique Coutinho e
Published: March 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as percepções dos analistas de investimentos e analistas de crédito quanto à utilidade das informações contábeis societárias e regulatórias do setor elétrico. Para tanto, foram enviados questionários, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2017, para 56 analistas financeiros indicados nos sites das concessionárias de energia elétrica. A taxa de resposta foi de 46%, ou seja, a pesquisa obteve 26 respondentes, dos quais 14 são analistas de investimento e 12 analistas de crédito. Os resultados evidenciaram que: i) os itens da demonstração de resultado são mais relevantes que os itens do balanço patrimonial; ii) os analistas de investimento consideram a Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício regulatória mais adequada para suas análises do que os analistas de crédito e similares; iii) a percepção do prejuízo para a análise devido ao atraso na divulgação das demonstrações regulatórias foi maior para os analistas de investimento do que para os analistas de crédito e iv) o atual formato de divulgação (uma demonstração contábil societária e outra regulatória) das informações financeiras das empresas de energia elétrica não é considerado o ideal para os analistas financeiros.
Mobile Banking: A Closer Look at Survey Measures
Authors: Merry Ellen A.
Published: March 2018

This note presents new estimates of mobile banking use in 2017, as well as insights on types of users and their behaviors.
Playing to Investigate the Relationship Between Achievement and the Perception of learning
Authors: Boyd Steven
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the relationship between achievement and the perception of enjoyment and learning through the serious game, Playing Property.

Playing Property is an audience response game forming the basis of workshops to engage junior high students, of 13 to 15 years old, and enhance their knowledge of property investment. The investigation extends to the analysis of trends in audience response decisions from 14 workshops, conducted over three consecutive years.

Emerging findings present significant associations between enjoyment and the perception of learning. The relationship between achievement, measured in accumulated game score, and the responders’ perception of enjoyment is present but less significant. Further analysis supports a deeper relationship between play and learning, one where competition and other game play attributes are more effective in engagement than point scoring or rewarding.

A more detailed evaluation may include staged testing of what may be learned and how well that learning endures, in comparison with other forms of teaching.
PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS ANALYSIS OF FACULTY MEMBERS AND POSTGRADUATE ASSISTANTS AT FACULTY OF MEDICINE
Authors: ÇELİK Handan , ZEHİR TOPKAYA Ece
Published: March 2018

As it is the case in many other majors, the need to become proficient in English is crucial for medical professionals mainly because they need to keep their knowledge and skills repositories up-to-date which mostly comes from following recent changes and developments in the profession both in and out of the country. In this regard, as the language of science, English also dominates the literature in medicine. For this reason, to what extent medical professionals need English language skills both professionally and personally is a matter of concern for language teaching professionals. With this in mind, the current study examines English language needs of faculty members (FMs) and postgraduate assistants (PGAs) working at faculty of medicine at a state university in Turkey. 29 PGAs and 26 FMs from various departments responded to a 26-item, 4-point Likert scale assessing their needs on four macro skills; listening, reading, speaking, and writing complemented by micro skills. The results mainly revealed that both on a professional and personal basis, the FMs obviously had stronger perceptions regarding their language needs than the PGAs did. Additionally, both parties’ perceptions regarding their personal language needs were slightly lower. Thus, the results could indicate that personal and inner drives have influence on language needs. This further suggests the need to take personal motivations into account when planning course content.
SPEAKING ANXIETY OF FRESHMEN AND SENIOR ELT PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Gursoy Esim , Korkmaz Hüseyin
Published: March 2018

Rapid developments in technology have made people closer to each other all around the globe. This closeness has promoted English as a common language and created a need for adaptation to the requirements of the new world. However, affective factors, along with many others, seem to hinder the efforts to learn and speak a new language. Anxiety, as one of these affective factors, has an important role in the language learning process. Most of the research on language learning anxiety investigated language learners; however, prospective teachers’ speaking anxiety is rarely studied. Thus the study aims to investigate the speaking anxiety levels of ELT prospective teachers in a state university in Turkey. Freshmen and senior prospective teachers were the participants of the study. Designed as a mixed method research, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data was collected via a questionnaire from 117 participants, 10 of which are interviewed afterwards. Dual and multiple comparisons were made to analyse the numerical data. As the data were not normally distributed nonparametric tests were employed. The qualitative data was analysed via content analysis. The results showed that prospective ELT teachers had a moderate level of speaking anxiety, freshmen having higher level of anxiety. There were significant differences between female and male prospective teachers as well as the type of high schools prospective teachers graduated from. Proficiency levels had a significant effect on the level of speaking anxiety. The interview results claimed the causes of speaking anxiety from the perspective of prospective teachers.
Peroxidase-linked lectin assay to determine neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies using reassortant influenza viruses v2
Authors: A. Desheva Yulia , A. Smolonogina Tatiana , A. Sychev Ivan
Published: March 2018

The NA inhibition test using large molecular fetuin substrate is believed to be the most specific method to detect antibodies against influenza virus neuraminidase. To avoid cross-reacting with hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies we have prepared several reassortant A/H7N1 viruses containing the NA of A/California/07/09(H1N1)pdm, А/New Caledonia/20/1999(H1N1) or A/Vietnam/1203/04(H5N1), and the hemagglutinin derived from A/equine/Prague/1/56(H7N7) influenza virus. Adjustment and validation of the NI test with the reassortant viruses included the determination of the viruses working concentration and selection of optimal conditions for the enzymatic reaction.
MCFO Hybrid Chemical Tag & IHC for Adult CNS v1
Authors: W. Meissner Geoffrey , B. Grimm Jonathan , M. Johnston Rebecca , Sutcliffe Ben , Ng Julian , S.X.E. Jefferis Gregory , Cachero Sebastian , D. Lavis Luke , Malkesman Oz
Published: March 2018

The use of genetically encoded ‘self-labeling tags’ with chemical fluorophore ligands enables rapid labeling of specific cells in neural tissue. To improve the chemical tagging of neurons, we synthesized and evaluated new fluorophore ligands based on Cy, Janelia Fluor, Alexa Fluor, and ATTO dyes and tested these with recently improved Drosophila melanogaster transgenes. We found that tissue clearing and mounting in DPX substantially improves signal quality when combined with specific non-cyanine fluorophores. We compared and combined this labeling technique with standard immunohistochemistry in the Drosophila brain.
Görme Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilere Yönelik Tasarlanan Etkinliklerin Değerlendirilmesi: Isı Alışverişi ve Sıcaklık Değişimi
Authors: KIZILASLAN Aydın , SÖZBİLİR Mustafa
Published: March 2018

Bu
çalışmada ilköğretim 8. sınıf görme yetersizliği olan öğrencilere yönelik
hazırlanan öğretim tasarımı modeliyle ‘Maddenin Halleri ve Isı’ ünitesinin
öğretimi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili üniteye yönelik
geliştirilen etkinlik ve materyallerin öğretim, öğrenme, işlevsellik ve
kullanışlılık boyutlarında değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Tasarım
Tabanlı Araştırmadan yararlanılmıştır. Öğretim tasarımı geliştirilirken ADDIE
öğretim tasarım modelinden yararlanılmıştır. ADDIE modelinin analiz basamağında
öğrencilerin ‘Maddenin Halleri ve Isı’ ünitesine ilişkin yönelik öğrenme
ihtiyaçları tespit edilmiştir. Tasarım, Geliştirme ve Uygulama basamağında
öğrencilerin tespit edilen ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda materyalleri ve
etkinlikleri tasarlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Değerlendirme basamağında ise bu
öğretim materyal ve etkinliklerinin değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada iki
farklı örneklem grubu kullanılmıştır. İhtiyaç analizi aşamasına 5 öğrenci,
uygulama aşamasına ise 6 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmanın ihtiyaç analizinde ve
çalışmanın sonunda uygulama aşamasında nitel araştırma yaklaşımından durum
çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ihtiyaç analizinde Fen Dersi
Gözlem Formu kullanılırken değerlendirme ise Fen Etkinlik Gözlem Formu veri toplama
aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Buna göre ’Maddenin Halleri ve Isı’ ünitesinde yer
alan kavramların öğrencilere etkili bir şekilde öğretilmesi amacıyla hazırlanan
etkinliklerin ve etkinlik malzemelerinin öğretim, öğrenme, işlevsellik ve
kullanışlılık boyutlarında belirlenen ölçütlerin pek çoğunu sağladığı tespit
edilmiştir.
Rehabilitation as a Disability Equality Issue: A Conceptual Shift for Disability Studies?
Authors: Shakespeare Tom , Cooper Harriet , Bezmez Dikmen , Poland Fiona
Published: March 2018

Rehabilitation is a controversial subject in disability studies, often discussed in terms of oppression, normalisation, and unwanted intrusion. While there may be good reasons for positioning rehabilitation in this way, this has also meant that, as a lived experience, it is under-researched and neglected in disabilities literature, as we show by surveying leading disability studies journals. With some notable exceptions, rehabilitation research has remained the preserve of the rehabilitation sciences, and such studies have rarely included the voices of disabled people themselves, as we also demonstrate by surveying a cross-section of rehabilitation science literature. Next, drawing on new research, we argue for reframing access to rehabilitation as a disability equality issue. Through in-depth discussion of two case studies, we demonstrate that rehabilitation can be a tool for inclusion and for supporting an equal life. Indeed, we contend that rehabilitation merits disability researchers’ sustained engagement, precisely to ensure that a ‘right-based rehabilitation’ policy and practice can be developed, which is not oppressive, but reflects the views and experiences of the disabled people who rehabilitation should serve.
The Design and Magnetic Analysis of MultiDisc and Layer Winding Toroidal Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Open Slotted (MLTAFPMOS) Synchronous Alternator
Authors: HUNER Engin , AKUNER M. Caner
Published: March 2018

In this study, a new multidisc and layer winding

toroidal axial flux permanent magnet open slotted (MLTAFPMOS) synchronous

alternators are designed and magnetic analysis was performed. Axial flux (AF)

alternators are a very good candidate for wind turbine applications. However,

one of the disadvantages AF alternators is to increase AF alternator diameter with

AF alternator power. The junction points of AF alternator rotor shaft and disc

have a very huge torques via occurring from inner rotor diameter forces to

outer rotor diameter forces. Therefore mechanically problems emerge with increasing

alternator powers. The ideal solution for this situation is to use a multidisc

structure. In this study, a multidisc design for LTAFPMOS synchronous

alternator was developed. A 3d solid model of the developed design was

obtained. Then magnetic analyzes were performed via Maxwell. It is decided that

the multidisc structure is ideal to increase the alternator power as a result of

analyzes. In addition, forces at the junction points is decreased via multidisc

structures.
THE MASS GRAVE SCOPING PROJECT: REMEMBERING AND RECORDING MEMORIES OF SILENCED MASSACRES, A CASE IN NORTHERN UGANDA1
Authors: Deo Okot Komakech
Published: March 2018

Drawing upon the experience of assembling a database that records events of mass killings in northern Uganda, this piece highlights impressions of ethnographic research exploring the potential use of forensic science to mitigate anxiety related to mass graves and missing persons. The existence of mass graves in communities and large numbers of missing persons is a new phenomenon to the Acholi people and one that lacks documentation. The assemblage of memory support by forensic evidence is a way to enforce true narratives of past atrocities.
SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR FAMILIES OF THE DISAPPEARED IN NEPAL: NOTES FROM THE FIELD1
Authors: Bhandari Ram Kumar , Chaudhary Bhagiram , Chaudhary Sushila
Published: March 2018

Nepal had an armed conflict (1996–2006) between the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and continues to be a country struggling with fundamental social and political change. The armed conflict resulted in more than 1,400 cases of enforced disappearances, and families of the disappeared demand that every case is resolved in accordance with their needs and desires. In this article, three victim-activists in Nepal explore victim-centric, victim-led, family-based solutions to ongoing struggles regarding transitional justice in Nepal.
BETWEEN EXCLUSION AND FAMILIARITY: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MISSING PROJECT1
Authors: Mirto Giorgia
Published: March 2018

For decades, migrants have continued to die or go missing in the Mediterranean, while the European Union and Italy continue to exhibit a policy vacuum around the issue of the missing, despite the duties on states imposed by human rights law. The investigation of deaths is inadequate, the Italian judicial authorities demonstrate disinterest to proceed with investigations in the identification of deceased migrants, and the inefficient post-mortem data collection seriously compromise every effort to restore names and dignity to the dead. This attitude seems to confirm the theory of “necropolitics,” which views the state as a racist and excluding sovereign entity. But ethnographic analysis of the work of some of the involved actors reveals recognition of the deceased and missing migrants based on a sense of familiarity and closeness. Here, the experience of the Mediterranean Missing Project is discussed, with an emphasis on future work prospects for both academia and practitioners.
O PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE DE BUBALINOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE QUEIROZ/SP
Authors: Dadario N. , Santini Pigatto G.A. , Baptista R.D.
Published: March 2018

A inovação vem se tornando primordial para pequenos produtores, visto que para se manterem no mercado atual é preciso aumentar a produtividade, melhorar a qualidade do produto ofertado e ter um bom sistema de gerenciamento de seu negócio. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar quais os tipos de inovações que uma comunidade produtora de leite de búfala do município de Queiroz/SP realiza e quais as forças restritivas e as forças propulsoras para a adoção de inovações. Para isto, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa em que os produtores foram entrevistados através de uma pesquisa de campo. Como resultados, foram identificados que as inovações mais comuns entre os produtores são aquelas relacionadas a processo e organizacional. A influência familiar, o receio de financiamentos e outras atividades internas e externas à propriedade são fatores que restringem a adoção de inovação, enquanto que a proximidade entre os produtores e a perda do principal agente comprador de seus produtos são forças que impulsionam essa adoção. Percebeu-se, então, que para a comunidade avaliada a adoção de novas tecnologias é fundamental para que a mesma possa permanecer no mercado de leite de búfalas.
Thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity among euthyroid pregnant women and its association with foeto-maternal outcome
Authors: Gulati Kanika , Sharma Manjula , Bharti Rekha , Biswas Krishna , Batra Achla , Aggarwal Abha , Batra Aruna
Published: March 2018

Background: Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study was planned to find out the prevalence of TPO-Ab and its association with adverse foeto-maternal outcome in euthyroid pregnant women.Methods: A total of 510 euthyroid pregnant women with <20 weeks gestation were recruited from antenatal clinic. Serum TPO-Ab testing was done and women were divided into 2 groups. The study group comprised of TPO-Ab positive women and control group comprised of age and parity matched TPO-Ab negative women, double in number to that of the study group. Repeat Serum TSH was done at term/delivery and women were followed till delivery for foeto-maternal outcome.Results: The prevalence of TPO-Ab positivity in euthyroid pregnant women was 11.3%. A significant number of women in the study group developed hypothyroidism at term/delivery, 18.61% vs 7.61%, respectively, p=0.02. None of the women in the study or control group developed gestational diabetes or placental abruption, or had babies with NND or RDS. There was one IUD in the study group, rest of the maternal and foetal outcomes studied were not statistically significant between two the groups. The caesarean section rates in both groups was not statistically different, however, there were more caesarean sections done for foetal distress in the study group, p=0.04.Conclusions: Thyroid peroxidase positivity is present in 11.3% of euthyroid women and is associated with an increased risk of developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy. It is not associated with adverse foeto-maternal outcome.
Correlation of platelet indices with severity of pre-eclampsia: a prospective study from central India
Authors: Dhakre Ruchika , Nandmer Gurpreet Kaur , Sapkal Rekha
Published: March 2018

Background: Although it is generally accepted that the haemoglobin concentration decreases and white cell count increases during normal pregnancy, there is less accord regarding changes in platelet indices. Present study was performed to know the relation of platelet indices with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia and severity of pre-eclampsia.Methods: Hundred pregnant women were studied at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PCMS and RC, Bhopal after dividing them in two Group N (n=50, normal pregnant women) and Group P (n = 50, pre-eclampsia patient). Platelet indices including platelet count mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were estimated in all the patients. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 20 software. Level of significance was assessed at 5%.Results: In Group P [34 (68%)] and Group N [21 (42%)] most of the patients had platelet count of <2 lac respectively. Whereas Group P, 16 (32%) patients had thrombocytopenia (platelet count between 50-1.5 lac) where as in Group N, none of the patients had lower platelet count. Most of the patients (55%) in study cohort had PDW of 15 fl out of that half of the patients in Group N had PWD as 15 fl whereas in Group P 60% had PDW value as 15 fl. Out of 50 preeclampsia patients 24 (48%) were of severe type, out of which 54% had platelet count <1.5 lac, 83% had PDW as 15-16fl, and 54% had MPV in the range of 10-11 fl.Conclusions: Platelet count decreases while MPV and PDW increase as pregnancy advances, and these changes are more pronounced in preeclampsia than normotensive pregnancy.
Ultrasonographic assessment of strength of previous cesarean scar during pregnancy
Authors: Jha Neeti Nisha S. , Maheshwari Sunita , Barala Shivani
Published: March 2018

Background: Management of a woman who has undergone a previous cesarean section, has always been a controversial topic, with the inability to precisely confirm the integrity of the scarred lower uterine segment (LUS) being the indication of repeat cesarean section. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography (USG) in determining the LUS thickness in women with previous cesarean section (CS) and to assess its usefulness in predicting the risk of uterine rupture during a trial of vaginal birth.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 women between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation with a previous CS and 100 primigravidae women serving as control. Thickness of LUS was measured by transabdominal USG. The decision for mode of delivery was based purely on obstetric ground. Patients undergoing CS were considered for analysis.Results: Mean LUS thickness was higher in the control group. Seventy-one patients of control group underwent repeat CS, in which 47 (66.1%) had normal intraoperative finding. 24 (33.7%) had abnormal LUS intraoperatively (LUS thinning). Of these, 20 (28.6%) showed abnormal LUS on USG (<5mm), but 4(5.6%) had normal ultrasonographic finding. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasonographic evaluation were found to be 100%, 83.3%, 92% and 100% respectively.Conclusions: Prenatal scar assessment by USG is useful in evaluation of previous cesarean scar and in most cases a near accurate evaluation was possible.
A clinical study on maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancy at KIMS hospital, Hubli, Karnataka, India
Authors: Garag Seeta Sunil , Raju D. Vinay
Published: March 2018

Background: Development of two fetus inside the uterus is called twin gestation. Twin gestation is considered as high-risk pregnancy due to associated high maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality in comparison with singleton pregnancies. The past two decades have witnessed a sharp rise in the incidence of twin and higher order gestations.Methods: Prospective analytical study of all women admitted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department with twin pregnancy at KIMS Hubli, over a period of one year between November 2016 and October 2017.Results: There were 11,127 deliveries occurred in study period of one year, out of which there were 174 twin deliveries accounting for 1.56% of prevalence rate. Anemia was the commonest complication occurring in 160 cases contributing around 90%. Preterm delivery was the second complication occurring in 124 cases accounting for 71%. Among 348 babies, there were 40 perinatal death accounting 11%. There was no maternal death.Conclusions: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk condition, should have mandatory hospital delivery. Early detection, proper treatment improves both maternal and neonatal outcome.
Intramuscular methergine versus per-rectal misoprostol for prevention of atonic post-partum haemorrhage
Authors: Singangutti Rajeshwari
Published: March 2018

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), is a major hazard of maternal death which is accounting for 30% of deliveries with a 1% mortality rate globally. Present study was designed to compare the efficacy of per rectal misoprostol and intramuscular methergine in the management of 3rd stage labour for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage.Methods: A total four hundred cases with low risk term pregnancy admitted and attending department of obstetrics and gynaecology were considered and were divided in 2 groups such as group 1 consists of 200 patients administered with misoprostol 600µg after delivery and group 2 consists 200 patients administered with methyl ergometrine 0.2mg (intramuscular) after delivery.Results: Methyl ergometrine group had a significant reduction in duration of third stage (p<0.05) and blood loss (p<0.05) when compared to misoprostol group. Need for additional Oxytocics was also more in misoprostol group (8%) as compared to methyl ergometrine group (4%). In group 1 average blood loss was found to be 241.3ml, whereas in group 2 it was 179.3ml. Average Hb levels were significantly reduced in group 2 when compared to group 1 patients. Incidence of side effects like nausea, vomiting is more in methergine group than misoprostol group.Conclusions: Intramuscular methergine results in lower blood loss, reduction in duration of third stage of labour, significantly reduction in hemoglobin level after delivery but is associated with more side effects while per rectal misoprostol is less effective but safe with lesser side effects.
Self administered medical abortion pills: evaluation of the clinical outcome and complications among women presenting with unsupervised pill intake to a tertiary care hospital in Malwa region of Punjab, India
Authors: Bhalla Shivali , Goyal Lajya Devi , Bhalla Shivam , Kaur Balpreet
Published: March 2018

Background: Unsupervised medical abortion pill intake is becoming a public health hazard. Because of its widespread misuse, we planned to undertake this study to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcome of such patients.Methods: Hundred patients meeting inclusion criteria were included. Clinical presentation, treatment given and, outcome and complications were analyzed.Results: Majority (53%) patients were aged between 30-39 years. Seventy-seven percent were gravida three or more. Only 26% had taken the pill within prescribed gestational age limit for MTP (<seven weeks). Mid-trimester pill intake was encountered in 13 % patients. Pill was consumed without any prior medical consultation by 73% patients. Majority (49%) presented with incomplete abortion requiring surgical evacuation. Anaemia was most common associated co-morbidity in 80% patients and 28% required blood transfusions. Twenty-four percent patients presented with life threatening shock. Sepsis was noted in 3% patients. Emergency laprotomy was required in 11% cases. Continuation of pregnancy was reported in 13% patients. Unintended pregnancy and failure of contraception were main reasons cited for abortion by 38% and 26% women. Non-contraceptive users constituted 48% patients . Over the counter easy availability was the main reason for unsupervised pill intake in 58% cases.Conclusions: Unauthorized over the counter pill availability despite legal ban and ignorance of women have led to increased number of unsafe abortions. Strict legislations need to be imposed. Increasing awareness among women regarding complications of unsupervised pill intake and easy availability of safe contraceptive methods can help control this problem.
Preterm birth among pregnancies conceived by assisted reproduction techniques in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil Anushree D. , Chauhan Sanjay L. , Pasi Achhelal R. , Gajbhiye Rahul K. , Singh Shalini , Sud Charu , Khan Rana , Shah Jatin S. , Shah Duru S. , Patki Ameet S. , Narvekar Nitin M. , Khot Sanjeev S.
Published: March 2018

Background: Preterm births are an enormous global problem on families, medical system and economy. The rates of preterm birth are increasing and one of the contributors is growing use of Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) leading to multifetal gestations. Some risk factors for preterm birth are specific to women who conceive by ART. Since there is limited data from India, this pilot study was undertaken to assess the magnitude of preterm birth among pregnancies conceived by ART and to study the contributing factors.Methods: Clinic based descriptive cohort study through eight ART clinics in Mumbai for one year. Data was collected using an in-depth questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, ART details, course and complications during pregnancy, mode of delivery, pregnancy outcome, risk factors related to preterm birth and neonatal outcome. Complete details of 113 participants who completed the study were analyzed.Results: Study showed high incidence of preterm birth (76.23%) among women conceived with ART. Multiple gestations were observed in 45.1%. Pregnancy related complications like heterotrophic pregnancy (3%), pre eclampsia (15%) and gestational diabetes (11%) were high. Incidence of caesarean section was very high (98%). Neonatal outcome was good with 98% live births and only 2 still births.Conclusions: Present study highlights that preterm birth, multiple pregnancies, pregnancy related complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and caesarean sections are very high among women conceived by ART. With growing use of ART there is an urgent need to develop a National ART Surveillance system in India like the one in Centre for Disease Control Atlanta to get complete data on the pregnancy course and outcomes of ART conceptions. Efforts to limit the number of embryos transferred should be strengthened to prevent multiple births.
Incidence and etiologic factors responsible for anovulation in infertility cases
Authors: Singangutti Rajeshwari
Published: March 2018

Background: Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility. Anovulation leads to a long-term problem such as hyperandrogenism. Anovulation usually associated with amenorrhoea about 20% and oligomenorrhoea of women with ovulatory dysfunction. Present study was designed to assess the incidence and etiological factors responsible for anovulation in infertility cases.Methods: Study comprised of one hundred patients attending the outdoor clinic of the department for infertility either primary or secondary with regular and irregular menstrual cycles and patients of secondary amenorrhoea.Results: Among the total cases Polymenorrhoea was seen in 10% of cases, oligomenorrhea in 14% cases, secondary amenorrhoea in 3% and 73% cases had normal menstrual cycle. cervical mucus viscosity in ovulatory group to be low in 84.6% cases, moderate in 8.5% cases and high in 38% cases. In anovulatory cycles findings were reversed with viscosity at 14th day it was moderate in 27.27% and higher in 54.54% cases.Conclusions: Cervical mucus is a good indicator of the cyclical changes in ovarian hormonal as no false positive results were found. Endometrial biopsy is the mainstay in infertility studios as it provides information regarding the ovulating status.
Study of risk factors and tumor markers in ovarian malignancy in western part of Odisha: a prospective observational study
Authors: Pradhan Hemanta Kumar , Singh Pratibha , Ravikumar M. S. , Gothwal Meenakshi
Published: March 2018

Background: Ovarian cancer represents one of the most frequently seen malignancies in women and it is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. The aim of the study to determine the risk factors leading to ovarian cancer in western part of Odisha, India and show the tumour markers in this population.Methods: This is a prospective observational study included 240 ovarian masses diagnosed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, V. S. S. Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur over 3 years based on preoperative clinical, biochemical (tumour markers) and imaging study and confirm through post-operative histopathology reports.Results: Surface epithelial tumours (68.33%) followed by germ cell tumours (30.83%) are the most common ovarian tumour. Incidence of ovarian cancer is 73.58% in ≤50 years of age group and more number of cases (16.65%) also found in younger age (≤30 year). Overall number of ovarian cancer cases rising. Bilateral tubal ligation is not a protective factor for ovarian cancer (p value >0.05) and consumption of alcohol and tobacco is not increase risk for ovarian cancer. Most of ovarian tumour commonly present with vague abdominal pain (75.83%) followed by mass per abdomen (55%). Ascites mainly a presentation of malignant tumour seen in 46(63.88%) cases. CA125 is the frequently detected tumour markers and all of the tumour markers were significantly within normal limit.Conclusions: Ovarian neoplasia is one of the most common and lethal malignancy in female reproductive tract. Though it is a disease of older age but now a day more no of cases also seen in younger age group. Since most of the ovarian cancer remain asymptomatic for long period so measure should be taken for early diagnosis for best outcome. So, assessment of each regions statistical information reflecting its own profile may be important for estimation of risk for development of ovarian cancer and so useful for early preventive measure before progress to advance stage where prognosis is worst. So, relationship between the profiles of patients and types of ovarian neoplasms may give an idea about the risk factors of the disease in its region. Additionally, distribution of tumour markers might be considered for the dis-criminating of the benign or malign characters of the ovarian neoplasia.
Ceasarean scar pregnancies, diagnosis and management
Authors: Dhillon Atmajit Singh , Sood Sandeep
Published: March 2018

Background: Objective of present study was to describe evaluation and management of pregnancies implanted into uterine Cesarean section scars, Ceasarean scar pregnancies (CSP), is defined as gestational sac implanted in the myometrium at the site of a previous ceasarean scar. Also known as Ceasarean ectopic pregnancy.Methods: In all antenatal patients attending the antenatal outpatient department of a tertiary care service hospital a transvaginal sonography was done for determining the gestational age as well as the viability of the pregnancy. In all patients with a history of previous Cesarean section(s), special effort was made to assess the possibility of implantation into the uterine scar by means of an early transvaginal and colour doppler ultrasound.Results: Twelve Cesarean section scar pregnancies were diagnosed in a five-year period, of a tertiary care service hospital. Five (42%) patients with Cesarean scar pregnancies were treated surgically, four patients medically (33%), and two patients expectantly (17%) and one patient opted to continue the pregnancy. Surgical management was successful in all cases, although two of five (40%) women suffered bleeding (300-500ml). In the group of women who were managed medically the success rate was 3/4(75%). Expectant management was successful in one of two cases (50%). One patient who opted to continue pregnancy, underwent a ceasarean hysterectomy at 33 weeks of gestation for placenta accreta.Conclusions: Incidence of ceasarean section scar pregnancies is increasing as is the increasing rate of ceasarean deliveries. A high index of suspicion in all cases of post ceasarean pregnancies, coupled with early transvaginal ultrasonography along with colour doppler confirmation and institution of early and individualized treatment, optimizes the clinical outcome. Although rare, the patient and her relatives must be made aware of the possibility of recurrent CSP.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and laparoscopic evaluation of female genital tract of patient attending tertiary infertility centre and correlation of various modalities
Authors: Maiti G. D. , Lele Prasad
Published: March 2018

Background: Hysterosalpingogarphy (HSG) has traditionally been the first line of investigation anatomy and contour of uterine cavity along with fallopian tube and its patency. Because of limitations of HSG, video endoscopic evaluation of endometrial and peritoneal cavity by diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can diagnose many subtle and obvious pathologies in evaluation of infertile couple. To know this difference author studied the efficacy of HSG along with diagnostic laparohysteroscopy.Methods: HSG, Diagnostic Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were performed on a group of 50 Patient of primary and secondary infertility. Findings of HSG, Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were computed, analyzed and corelated.Results: HSG showed a false positive rate of 25% for tubal factor and false negative 12% for uterine factors when compared with hysteroscopic and laparoscopic findings. The sensitivity of HSG was 75% and specificity was 88 % when compared with Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic findings. Among various abnormality detected during the present study were, congenital anomaly 7(14%), Asherman syndrome 5 (10%), Tubal factor defect 6(12%), fibroid 3(6%) and Pelvi-inflammatory disease in 7(14%) of cases.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI >2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted. Though HSG is a simple procedure for detecting abnormality of female genital tract, due to its low specificity and sensitivity hysterolaparoscopy should be complemented during infertility work up in all patient.