bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd-catalyzed C–C and C–N cross-coupling reactions in 2-aminothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one series for antiplasmodial pharmacomodulation
Authors: Mustière Romain , Lagardère Prisca , Hutter Sébastien , Deraeve Céline , Schwalen Florian , Amrane Dyhia , Masurier Nicolas , Azas Nadine , Lisowski Vincent , Verhaeghe Pierre , Mazier Dominique , Vanelle Patrice , Primas Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Pharmacomodulation at position 6 of a thienopyrimidinone antiplasmodial hit using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions afforded 33 new compounds, among which a new hit was found with enhanced metabolic stability.
Synthesis of two novel neutral polymeric bonding agents to enhance the mechanical properties of composite solid propellants
Authors: Wu Zhuo , Zhang Jian , Xu Shuang , Li Hongxu , Zhou Huan , Zheng Jian , Pang Aimin , Yang Yulin
Published: July 2022

The NPBA-2-based composite solid propellant exhibited improved mechanical strength and glass transition due to the strong interactions between epoxy groups and HMX or RDX.
Pilot production of a sensitive ELISA kit and an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detecting citrinin in fermented rice
Authors: Wu Shih-Wei , Ko Jiunn-Liang , Liu Biing-Hui , Yu Feng-Yih
Published: July 2022

Rapid detection of citrinin in red yeast fermented products with ELISA kit and immunostrip and confirmed with HPLC.
Slippage- and load-induced changes in the crystalline orientation of oligo(3-methoxythiophene) powder to develop a gold-tone luster
Authors: Sugiura Satoya , Mitogawa Terumasa , Saito Kota , Tamura Rihito , Tsukada Satoru , Horiuchi Takahiko , Hoshino Katsuyoshi
Published: July 2022

Rubbing and pressing of blackish-brown 3-methoxythiophene powder produced layers and tablets with gold tone luster, respectively, due to increased edge-on lamellar crystallites.
Access to chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds via photoinduced organocatalytic asymmetric radical sulfonylation with sulfur dioxide
Authors: He Fu-Sheng , Zhang Chun , Jiang Minghui , Lou Lujun , Wu Jie , Ye Shengqing
Published: July 2022

A photoinduced organocatalytic enantioselective radical reaction is developed, affording chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee).
Ultrahigh capacity potassium-based dual carbon batteries with a high concentration electrolyte
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Dengyang , Tan Mingxiu , Liu Wuxin , Zhou Meng , Luo Shaohua , Hou Pengqing , Zhang Yahui , Yan Shengxue , Liu Xin
Published: July 2022

K-DCBs assembled based on a 3 M KPF6/EC : DEC : PC electrolyte can deliver a superior capacity of 121 mA h g−1at 1C, which might be ascribed to the high oxidation stability and ion concentration provide by high-concentration electrolyte.
Core–shell microgels synthesized in continuous flow: deep insight into shell growth using temperature-dependent FTIR
Authors: Fandrich Pascal , Annegarn Marco , Wiehemeier Lars , Ehring Ina , Kottke Tilman , Hellweg Thomas
Published: July 2022

Core–shell microgels are synthesized in a continuous flow reactor to investigate the shell growth. An interpenetrated network is formed at an early stage of the synthesis.
Infrared view of the multiphase ISM in NGC 253
Authors: Beck A. , Lebouteiller V. , Madden S. C. , Iserlohe C. , Krabbe A. , Ramambason L. , Fischer C. , Kaźmierczak-Barthel M. , Latzko S. T. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P.
Published: July 2022

Context. Massive star formation leads to enrichment of the interstellar medium with heavy elements. On the other hand, the abundance of heavy elements is a key parameter with which to study the star-formation history of galaxies. Furthermore, the total molecular hydrogen mass, usually determined by converting CO or [C II]158 μm luminosities, depends on the metallicity as well. However, the excitation of metallicity-sensitive emission lines depends on the gas density of the H II regions where they arise.

Aims. We used spectroscopic observations of the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 from SOFIA, Herschel, and Spitzer, as well as photometric observations from GALEX, 2MASS, Spitzer, and Herschel in order to derive physical properties such as the optical depth to correct for extinction, as well as the gas density and metallicity of the central region.

Methods. Ratios of the integrated line fluxes of several species were utilised to derive the gas density and metallicity. The [O III] along with the [S III] and [N II] line flux ratios, for example, are sensitive to the gas density but nearly independent of the local temperature. As these line ratios trace different gas densities and ionisation states, we examined whether or not these lines could originate from different regions within the observing beam. The ([Ne II]13 μm + [Ne III]16 μm)/Hα line flux ratio on the other hand is independent of the depletion onto dust grains but sensitive to the Ne/H abundance ratio and is used as a tracer for metallicity of the gas.

Results. We derived values for gas phase abundances of the most important species, as well as estimates for the optical depth and the gas density of the ionised gas in the nuclear region of NGC 253. We obtained densities of at least two different ionised components (< 84 cm−3 and ∼170−212 cm−3) and a metallicity of solar value.
Intensification des systèmes d’élevage et risques pandémiques
Authors: Delabouglise Alexis , Guerin Jean-Luc , Lury Antoine , Binot Aurélie , Paul Mathilde , Peyre Marisa , Roger François , Bonbon Etienne
Published: July 2022

Le lien supposé entre intensification des productions animales et fréquence grandissante des maladies humaines émergentes à potentiel pandémique est une des controverses majeures qui touchent le système alimentaire mondial. Historiquement, les animaux domestiques ont contribué à l’apparition de maladies humaines majeures et sont le réservoir ou l’hôte intermédiaire de plusieurs zoonoses émergentes. Cependant, l’impact des pratiques associées à l’intensification des productions animales sur la santé humaine reste à déterminer avec objectivité. La concentration des animaux en forte densité dans des structures d’élevage de plus en plus grandes, de même que l’intensité croissante des flux d’animaux vivants aux échelles nationale et internationale constituent des facteurs de risque avérés. Cependant, l’intensification de l’élevage peut aussi conduire à une diminution des risques d’émergence à l’interface faune sauvage–faune domestique–humains, grâce à la généralisation des mesures de biosécurité et à l’encadrement des pratiques d’élevage et des réseaux commerciaux, une évolution très dépendante du contexte socio-économique propre à chaque pays et région.
Eine explorative Analyse situativer Einflussfaktoren auf die
Auswahlsituation der ambulanten ärztlichen Berufsausübungsart in
Anstellung
Authors: Faber Aylin , Daumann Frank
Published: July 2022

Ziel Die Daten aus dem Bundesarztregister der Kassenärztlichen
Bundesvereinigung (KBV) belegen Verschiebungen in der ambulanten
ärztlichen Berufsausübungsart hin zu einer angestellten
Tätigkeit. Diese Erhebung erforscht explorativ Situationskriterien, die
Einfluss auf die Auswahl der ambulanten Anstellung nehmen.

Methodik Zehn Träger von MVZ mit mehr als zehn KV-Sitzen wurden im
Herbst 2019 kontaktiert. Hiervon erklärten sich sechs
personalverantwortliche Stellen zu einer Interviewteilnahme bereit. Die
Leitfadenkonzeption basierte auf einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche.
Die Datenauswertung erfolgte aufgrund des explorativen Charakters anhand der
Grounded Theory Methode: Aus den ersten Ergebnissen ergaben sich Hinweise auf
weitere relevante Wissensträger, wie Personalberater und
Repräsentanten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KV).

Ergebnisse 15 Interviews wurden mit MVZ-Managern (6), Personalberatern (5)
und KV-Repräsentanten (4) zwischen September 2019 und Mai 2020
geführt. Die ambulante Anstellung ist als vorübergehendes
erwerbsbiografisches Phänomen zum Zwecke des Risikomanagements zu
beschreiben. Der Wissenstransfer, die Risikobereitschaft, erwerbsbiografische
und soziodemografische Aspekte beeinflussen die individuelle
Auswahlsituation.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für sich
anschließende Forschungsprojekte, um
Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für die Sicherstellung der
ambulanten Versorgung ableiten zu können.
Estimating the Lexical Breadth and Depth in Bilingual Indian Children Aged between 5 and 11 Years of Age
Authors: Rego Priya Pauline , Karuppali Sudhin , Bhat Jayashree S.
Published: July 2022

Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (L2) language users. The current study aims to explore the lexical knowledge of typically developing school going bilingual Indian children.

Methods Seventy-two Konkani (L1) and English (L2) speaking children (between 5 and 11 years of age) were recruited in the study. The study was performed in three phases. Phase 1 comprised of developing the experimental tasks (lexical breadth and lexical depth); phase 2 included the data collection; and phase 3 focused on data and statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the total number of words and total number of different words were analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test was done to assess the level of significance (p < 0.05) across the groups for both tasks. Paired t-test was done to assess the interaction effect between age and language.

Results The results indicated an overall increase in lexical breadth and depth across age for L1 and L2. The interaction between the two languages has been discussed in detail.

Conclusion The findings of this study may help pave way toward future explorations to address issues pertaining to the complex interaction of L1 and L2 languages in bilinguals.
Assessing Language Skills in Bilingual Children: Current Trends in Research and Practice
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Schroeder Scott R.
Published: July 2022

A continuously challenging issue in the field of speech–language pathology is accurately identifying and diagnosing a language disorder in school-aged (pre-kindergarten through 5th grade) bilingual children, as bilingual children are disproportionately under- and overidentified with a language disorder. The current review focuses on the assessment of bilingual children in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, aimed to inform teachers, pediatricians, parents, and other relevant professionals of issues surrounding assessment of these dual-language learners. We examine the barriers to assessing bilingual children for language disorders, such as the lack of availability of bilingual tests, underinformative current best practice guidelines, lack of speech–language pathologist (SLP) training/knowledge of bilingualism, and use of interpreters. We discuss the necessary considerations when SLPs use norm-referenced tests with bilingual children, such as norming samples, accurate identification of a language disorder, reliability and validity, test administration, and potential solutions to using otherwise poorly suited norm-referenced tests. We also consider research on several alternative measures to norm-referenced assessments, including dynamic assessment, nonword repetition, language sampling, nonlinguistic cognition, and parent report. We conclude by synthesizing the information in this review to offer six principles of best practices for bilingual assessment.
15.3.4 Quinolines (Update 2022)
Authors: Sharma U. , Kumar R. , Gupta S. S. , Chandra D.
Published: July 2022

The quinoline structure (also referred to as benzo[b]pyridine or 1-azanaphthalene) is the most explored heteroaromatic ring system, with compounds having this unit exhibiting pharmacological activities and featuring in several marketed drugs. Therefore, in this contibution, an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter on quinolines has been compiled, covering the literature reported between 2005 and 2020. Diverse routes to access the quinoline core, as well methods for the preparation of functionalized quinolines, have been collated, which originate from a wide array of starting materials. The strategies covered include condensations, annulations, metal-catalyzed approaches, oxidations, cyclizations, tandem reactions, and many more.
46.5.7 Three-Component Coupling Reactions that Generate 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Sloane S. E. , Behlow K. T. , Mills M. D. , Clark J. R.
Published: July 2022

Three-component coupling reactions have emerged as an atom-economical approach to generate a wide variety of new molecular architectures containing a 1,3-diene. While a variety of methods exist to generate 1,3-dienes, three-component coupling reactions permit stereoselective access to unique substitution patterns within this privileged functionality. Dienes are ubiquitous in natural products and bioactive molecules, and also serve as important building blocks in organic synthesis. Transition-metal-catalyzed three-component couplings that employ a nickel, copper, palladium, ruthenium, palladium/copper, chromium, or indium catalyst can provide access to a diverse array of 1,3-dienes. Organocatalytic three-component coupling reactions offer an alternate route to 1,3-dienes without the use of a metal catalyst. The multiple synthetic methods to generate 1,3-dienes using a three-component coupling approach bring diversity to the organic chemistry toolbox, and these methods are discussed in this chapter.
Protein aggregation rate depends on mechanical stability of fibrillar structure
Authors: Thu Tran Thi Minh , Li Mai Suan
Published: July 2022

The formation of the fibrillar structure of amyloid proteins/peptides is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Since the rate of aggregation can influence neurotoxicity, finding the key factors that control this rate is of paramount importance. It was recently found that the rate of protein aggregation is related to the mechanical stability of the fibrillar structure such that the higher the mechanical stability, the faster the fibril is formed. However, this conclusion was supported by a limited dataset. In this work, we expand the previous study to a larger dataset, including the wild type of Aβ42 peptide and its 20 mutants, the aggregation rate of which was measured experimentally. By using all-atom steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, we can assess the mechanical stability of the fibril structure, which is characterized by the rupture force, pulling work, and unbinding free energy barrier. Our result confirms that mechanical stability is indeed related to the aggregation rate. Since the estimation of the aggregation rate using all-atom simulations is almost forbidden by the current computational capabilities, our result is useful for predicting it based on information obtained from fast SMD simulations for fibrils.
Graphene/SOI-based self-powered Schottky barrier photodiode array
Authors: Yanilmaz A. , Fidan M. , Unverdi O. , Çelebi C.
Published: July 2022

We have fabricated a four-element graphene/silicon on insulator (SOI) based Schottky barrier photodiode array (PDA) and investigated its optoelectronic device performance. In our device design, monolayer graphene is utilized as a common electrode on a lithographically defined linear array of n-type Si channels on a SOI substrate. As revealed by wavelength resolved photocurrent spectroscopy measurements, each element in the PDA structure exhibited a maximum spectral responsivity of around 0.1 A/W under a self-powered operational mode. Time-dependent photocurrent spectroscopy measurements showed excellent photocurrent reversibility of the device with ∼1.36 and ∼1.27 μs rise time and fall time, respectively. Each element in the array displayed an average specific detectivity of around 1.3 × 1012 Jones and a substantially small noise equivalent power of ∼0.14 pW/Hz−1/2. The study presented here is expected to offer exciting opportunities in terms of high value-added graphene/Si based PDA device applications such as multi-wavelength light measurement, level metering, high-speed photometry, and position/motion detection.
Nonequilibrium work distributions in quantum impurity system–bath mixing processes
Authors: Gong Hong , Wang Yao , Zheng Xiao , Xu Rui–Xue , Yan YiJing
Published: July 2022

The fluctuation theorem, where the central quantity is the work distribution, is an important characterization of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In this work, based on the dissipaton-equation-of-motion theory, we develop an exact method to evaluate the work distributions in quantum impurity system–bath mixing processes in the presence of non-Markovian and strong couplings. Our results not only precisely reproduce the Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation but also reveal rich information on large deviation. The numerical demonstrations are carried out with a spin-boson model system.
Fluid simulation on effect of background magnetic field on plasma characteristics in a Hall thruster
Authors: Li Nannan , Liu Yue , Liu Chao , Wu Mingyang
Published: July 2022

Herein, the effect of the background magnetic field on plasma characteristics in a Hall thruster is numerically investigated using DUT-HTFS [Li et al., AIP Adv. 12, 015117 (2022)], an integrated fluid simulation platform on Hall thruster plasmas. The research shows that the background magnetic field significantly influences the distribution of the plasma density, especially the radial profiles of the plasma density near the ionization region and the acceleration region. In addition, the positions of the peak values of the electron power absorptions mainly occur near the dielectric walls of the exhaust plane, and the electron power absorption mechanism is mainly dominated by the Ohmic heating. The peak values of the axial electron current density on the inner and outer dielectric walls are higher than that on the centerline. This phenomenon is closely related to the near wall conduction mechanism of the electrons. In addition, the background magnetic field significantly influences the shapes, positions, and magnitudes of the peak values of the plasma parameters, such as the plasma density, the electron current density, the axial electric field, the electric potential, and the ionization rate. These results will help us to provide a valuable reference and reduce the risk for the experimental test programs and the applications of Hall thrusters in the future.
Evaluation of high flow local extraction for controlling aerosol plumes in operating theaters
Authors: Sun Chenlin , Marriott Logan , Harper Matthew , Zhou Tongming
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through contact with fomite, respiratory droplets, and aerosolized viruses. Recent evidence suggests that aerosol transmission represents a significant route of infection. In relation to healthcare workers (HCWs), much attention has been focused on personal protective equipment, yet this is the lowest level of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hierarchy of controls. Although engineering controls are prominent in the hierarchy, little attention has been given to developing effective interventions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a simple extraction device in a clinical setting. This was accomplished by using a high flow local extraction (HFLE) that was connected to the existing ventilation system of the hospital on one end and to an intake nozzle near the patient's airway on the other end. Propylene glycol was aerosolized through a physiological test apparatus to simulate the breath of a patient. The field of interest was illuminated using a laser sheet in two planes from the model, namely, the sagittal plane and the transverse plane, and the movement of the simulated aerosol was recorded using a video camera to assess the dispersion of the aerosol qualitatively. In the meantime, the concentration of the aerosol particles was measured using a particle meter to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction quantitatively. It was found that the HFLE device could effectively reduce the dispersion of the exhaled aerosols to undetectable levels when it was positioned within 250 mm from the mouth. This result has significance in the safety of HCWs involved in the management of patients with infectious diseases and may also have potential applications in other clinical areas with high airflow in the ventilation systems.
Determination of ewe behaviour around lambing time and prediction of parturition 7 days prior to lambing by tri-axial accelerometer sensors in an extensive farming system
Authors: Sohi Rajneet , Almasi Fazel , Nguyen Hien , Carroll Alexandra , Trompf Jason , Weerasinghe Maneka , Bervan Aidin , Godoy Boris I. , Ahmed Awais , Stear Michael J. , Desai Aniruddha , Jois Markandeya
Published: July 2022

Context Lamb loss and dyctocia are two major challenges in extensive farming systems. While visual observation can be impractical due to the large sizes of paddocks, number of animals and high labour cost, wearable sensors can be used to monitor the behaviour of ewes as there might be changes in their activities prior to lambing. This provides sufficient time for the farm manager to nurse those ewes that are at risk of dyctocia. Aim The objective of this study was to determine whether the behaviour of a pregnant ewe could predict the time of parturition. Methods Two separate trials were conducted: the first trial (T1), with 32 ewes, included human/video observations, and the second trial (T2), with 165 ewes, conducted with no humans present, to emulate real extensive farming settings. The ewes were fitted with tri-axial accelerometer sensors by means of halters. Three-dimensional movement data were collected for a period of at least 7 and 14 days in T1 and T2 respectively. The sensor units were retrieved, and their data downloaded using ActiGraph software. Ewe behaviour was determined through support vector machine learning (SVM) algorithm, including licking, grazing, rumination, walking, and idling. The behaviours of ewes predicted by analysis of sensor data were compared with behaviours determined using visual observation (video recordings), with time synchronisation to validate the results. Deep learning and neural-network algorithms were used to predict lambing time. Key results The concordance percentages between visual observation and sensor data were 90 ± 11, 81 ± 15, 95 ± 10, 96 ± 6, and 93 ± 8% ± s.d. for grazing, licking, rumination, idling, and walking respectively. The deep-learning model predicted the time of lambing with 90% confidence via a quantile regression method, which can be interpereted as 90% prediction intervals, and shows that the time of lambing can be predicted with reasonable confidence approximately 240 h before the actual lambing events. Conclusion It was possible to predict the time of parturition up to 10 days before lambing. Implications The behaviour of ewes around lambing time has a direct effect on the survival of the lambs and therefore plays an important part in animal management. This knowledge could improve the productivity of sheep and considerably decrease lamb mortality rates.
Rumen temperature is a reliable proxy of core body temperature in sheep (
Authors: Vesterdorf Kristine , Beatty David T. , Barnes Anne , Maloney Shane K.
Published: July 2022

Context In ruminant animals, such as sheep, the maintenance of a stable core body temperature is achieved through the controlled process of thermoregulation. The live export of sheep from Australia can expose sheep to heat stress, especially when vessels near, or cross, the equator, that can impact on animal welfare by causing hyperthermia. Aim The use of thermologgers located in the rumen of sheep could provide a direct, real-time method to monitor the thermal status of sheep during live export without the need to handle animals during shipping. We determined the relationship between core temperature and rumen temperature during changes in various factors that impact on an animal’s heat balance. Methods Sixteen wethers were implanted with thermologgers in the rumen to measure rumen temperature and in the abdominal cavity to measure core temperature. The sheep were exposed to environmental conditions similar to those experienced by sheep on live export vessels. The environment was assessed using the wet-bulb temperature. In the first trial, eight Merinos were shorn while the remaining eight retained their fleece. In the second trial all sheep were shorn, and eight sheep were offered a chaff diet and eight a pelletised diet while the wet bulb temperature increased. The rumen and core temperatures were compared. Key results We show that when core temperature increased during exposure to heat load, so did rumen temperature and, despite relatively large changes in overall body temperature, the difference between these temperatures remained stable. The daily average relationship between rumen and core temperatures was 0.5 ± 0.1°C and that difference was not affected by water ingestion, length of fleece, diet composition, or exposure to hot and humid conditions similar to those reported on live export vessels. Conclusion and implications By subtraction of 0.5°C from the measured rumen temperature in live export sheep, the use of rumen thermologgers would provide a reliable measure of core temperature and hence an indication of the thermal status of the sheep throughout the export journey.
Determining the distributions of plant communities in subantarctic vegetation using species distribution models
Authors: Fitzgerald Nicholas B. , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. , Dickson Catherine R. , Williams Laura K. , Fergus Alexander J. , Whinam Jennie
Published: July 2022

Context Mapping of vegetation is important in understanding its dynamics in relation to climate change and disturbance. We investigated using species distribution models to predict plant species assemblages in a subantarctic environment where traditional image interpretation methods of vegetation mapping are limited by image availability and ability to discriminate vegetation types. Aims We test the efficacy for mapping of modelling the range and core range of common species. We also determine the relative importance of predictor variables for each of nine species. Methods We used random forest models to predict the total range and core range (>25% projected foliage cover) of nine potentially dominant plant species and determined the contributions of predictor variables to the models for each species. Key results Widespread species with extensively overlapping ranges were spatially more partitioned with modelling based on core range than with presence or absence modelling. The core range input produced a vegetation map that better approximated observed vegetation patterns than that from presence or absence data. The most important predictor variable varied between species, with elevation, distance from coast, latitude and an across island gradient (similar to longitude) being most influential. Conclusions Species distribution models using three categories (absent, <25% cover, ≥25% cover) and topographic variables derived from a digital elevation model can be used to model the distribution of vegetation assemblages in situations where presence or absence species models cannot discriminate assemblages. Implications Readily collected point location species data could be used to investigate change over time in the spatial extent of both species and vegetation types.
Simple synthesis of soft, tough, and cytocompatible biohybrid composites
Authors: Darkes-Burkey Cameron , Liu Xiao , Slyker Leigh , Mulderrig Jason , Pan Wenyang , Giannelis Emmanuel P. , Shepherd Robert F. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Bouklas Nikolaos
Published: July 2022

Collagen is the most abundant component of mammalian extracellular matrices. As such, the development of materials that mimic the biological and mechanical properties of collagenous tissues is an enduring goal of the biomaterials community. Despite the development of molded and 3D printed collagen hydrogel platforms, their use as biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds is hindered by either low stiffness and toughness or processing complexity. Here, we demonstrate the development of stiff and tough biohybrid composites by combining collagen with a zwitterionic hydrogel through simple mixing. This combination led to the self-assembly of a nanostructured fibrillar network of collagen that was ionically linked to the surrounding zwitterionic hydrogel matrix, leading to a composite microstructure reminiscent of soft biological tissues. The addition of 5–15 mg mL
−1
collagen and the formation of nanostructured fibrils increased the elastic modulus of the composite system by 40% compared to the base zwitterionic matrix. Most notably, the addition of collagen increased the fracture energy nearly 11-fold (

Γ
=

180 J m
−2
) and clearly delayed crack initiation and propagation. These composites exhibit elastic modulus (

E
=

0.180 MJ) and toughness (

W

*

=
 

0.617 MJ m
−3
) approaching that of biological tissues such as articular cartilage. Maintenance of the fibrillar structure of collagen also greatly enhanced cytocompatibility, improving cell adhesion more than 100-fold with >90% cell viability.
RNA m
1
A methylation regulates glycolysis of cancer cells through modulating ATP5D
Authors: Wu Yingmin , Chen Zhuojia , Xie Guoyou , Zhang Haisheng , Wang Zhaotong , Zhou Jiawang , Chen Feng , Li Jiexin , Chen Likun , Niu Hongxin , Wang Hongsheng
Published: July 2022

Studies on biological functions of RNA modifications such as
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) in mRNA have sprung up in recent years, while the roles of
N
1
-methyladenosine (m
1
A) in cancer progression remain largely unknown. We find m
1
A demethylase ALKBH3 can regulate the glycolysis of cancer cells via a demethylation activity dependent manner. Specifically, sequencing and functional studies confirm that ATP5D, one of the most important subunit of adenosine 5′-triphosphate synthase, is involved in m
1
A demethylase ALKBH3-regulated glycolysis of cancer cells. The m
1
A modified A71 at the exon 1 of ATP5D negatively regulates its translation elongation via increasing the binding with YTHDF1/eRF1 complex, which facilitates the release of message RNA (mRNA) from ribosome complex. m
1
A also regulates mRNA stability of E2F1, which directly binds with ATP5D promoter to initiate its transcription. Targeted specific demethylation of ATP5D m
1
A by dm
1
ACRISPR system can significantly increase the expression of ATP5D and glycolysis of cancer cells. In vivo data confirm the roles of m
1
A/ATP5D in tumor growth and cancer progression. Our study reveals a crosstalk of mRNA m
1
A modification and cell metabolism, which expands the understanding of such interplays that are essential for cancer therapeutic application.
An unexplored angle: T cell antigen discoveries reveal a marginal contribution of proteasome splicing to the immunogenic MHC class I antigen pool
Authors: Verkerk Tamara , Koomen Sofie J. I. , Fuchs Kyra J. , Griffioen Marieke , Spaapen Robbert M.
Published: July 2022

In the current era of T cell–based immunotherapies, it is crucial to understand which types of MHC-presented T cell antigens are produced by tumor cells. In addition to linear peptide antigens, chimeric peptides are generated through proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS). Whether such spliced peptides are abundantly presented by MHC is highly disputed because of disagreement in computational analyses of mass spectrometry data of MHC-eluted peptides. Moreover, such mass spectrometric analyses cannot elucidate how much spliced peptides contribute to the pool of immunogenic antigens. In this Perspective, we explain the significance of knowing the contribution of spliced peptides for accurate analyses of peptidomes on one hand, and to serve as a potential source of targetable tumor antigens on the other hand. Toward a strategy for mass spectrometry independent estimation of the contribution of PCPS to the immunopeptidome, we first reviewed methodologies to identify MHC-presented spliced peptide antigens expressed by tumors. Data from these identifications allowed us to compile three independent datasets containing 103, 74, and 83 confirmed T cell antigens from cancer patients. Only 3.9%, 1.4%, and between 0% and 7.2% of these truly immunogenic antigens are produced by PCPS, therefore providing a marginal contribution to the pool of immunogenic tumor antigens. We conclude that spliced peptides will not serve as a comprehensive source to expand the number of targetable antigens for immunotherapies.
Neuronal population dynamics during motor plan cancellation in nonhuman primates
Authors: Pani Pierpaolo , Giamundo Margherita , Giarrocco Franco , Mione Valentina , Fontana Roberto , Brunamonti Emiliano , Mattia Maurizio , Ferraina Stefano
Published: July 2022

To understand the cortical neuronal dynamics behind movement generation and control, most studies have focused on tasks where actions were planned and then executed using different instances of visuomotor transformations. However, to fully understand the dynamics related to movement control, one must also study how movements are actively inhibited. Inhibition, indeed, represents the first level of control both when different alternatives are available and only one solution could be adopted and when it is necessary to maintain the current position. We recorded neuronal activity from a multielectrode array in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of monkeys performing a countermanding reaching task that requires, in a subset of trials, them to cancel a planned movement before its onset. In the analysis of the neuronal state space of PMd, we found a subspace in which activities conveying temporal information were confined during active inhibition and position holding. Movement execution required activities to escape from this subspace toward an orthogonal subspace and, furthermore, surpass a threshold associated with the maturation of the motor plan. These results revealed further details in the neuronal dynamics underlying movement control, extending the hypothesis that neuronal computation confined in an “output-null” subspace does not produce movements.
Application of artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection of myocardial infarction: a review
Authors: Hassannataj Joloudari Javad , Mojrian Sanaz , Nodehi Issa , Mashmool Amir , Kiani Zadegan Zeynab , Khanjani Shirkharkolaie Sahar , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Tamadon Tahereh , Khosravi Samiyeh , Akbari Kohnehshari Mitra , Hassannatajjeloudari Edris , Sharifrazi Danial , Mosavi Amir , Loh Hui Wen , Tan Ru-San , Acharya U Rajendra
Published: July 2022

Objective. Myocardial infarction (MI) results in heart muscle injury due to receiving insufficient blood flow. MI is the most common cause of mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. To diagnose MI, clinicians need to interpret electrocardiography (ECG) signals, which requires expertise and is subject to observer bias. Artificial intelligence-based methods can be utilized to screen for or diagnose MI automatically using ECG signals. Approach. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of artificial intelligence-based approaches for MI detection based on ECG and some other biophysical signals, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The performance of traditional ML methods relies on handcrafted features and manual selection of ECG signals, whereas DL models can automate these tasks. Main results. The review observed that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) yielded excellent classification performance for MI diagnosis, which explains why they have become prevalent in recent years. Significance. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques employed for MI diagnosis using ECG and some other biophysical signals.
Precise prediction of photothermally induced irreversible bending deformation based on non-uniform thermal expansion of layer-structure films
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Liu Yue , Sun Kaicheng , Fang Liang , Lu Chunhua , Xu Zhongzi
Published: July 2022

Although photothermally induced self-bending films based on nonuniform thermal expansion are created, heat transfer and shape-deformation procedures are not investigated very well, limiting the understanding of such complicated behavior and the achievement of precise shape control. Here, thermally expanded microspheres (TEMs) were added into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to create active layers as PDMS-TEM single-layer films that were attached onto pure PDMS passive layer to create PDMS/PDMS-TEM bi-layer films subsequently. After heating, TEMs in the film undergo phase transition and present irreversible thermal expansion, driving deformation of films. Combined with steady-state (uniform heating) deformation simulations and experiments, a deformation model was established before a non-steady state (light irradiation) heat transfer model was set up to simulate the heat transfer process of films under light irradiation. Then the temperature distribution was coupled with the deformation model to simulate the photothermally induced deformation of the samples. The PDMS-TEM single-layer films also presented bending deformation under illumination due to the non-uniform thermal expansion caused by temperature gradient. For bi-layer films, different degrees of thermal expansion between two layers lead to bending deformation. The films with TEM concentration of 30 wt% can achieve great deformation, and the bending curvature was 0.07 mm−1. The geometric parameters including thickness, layer thickness ratio and aspect ratio had little effect on deformation degrees of the films. Deformation mode was varied with aspect ratio. A long side bending and diagonal bending were achieved in bi-layer films at aspect ratios of 7:1 and 1:1. In combination with experimental results, the heat transfer model and deformation model were constructed to demonstrate the complex deformation process, which provides guidance for the structural design of the photothermally induced shape-changing films in practical applications.
Kaonic atoms at the DAΦNE collider with the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment
Authors: Napolitano F , Sgaramella F , Bazzi M , Bosnar D , Bragadireanu M , Carminati M , Cargnelli M , Clozza A , Deda G , De Paolis L , Del Grande R , Fabbietti L , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Iwasaki M , Levi Sandri P , Marton J , Miliucci M , Moskal P , Niedz`wiecki S , Piscicchia K , Scordo A , Shi H , Sirghi D , Sirghi F , Silarski M , Skurzok M , Spallone A , Tüchler M , Zmeskal J , Curceanu C
Published: July 2022

Kaonic atoms are a unique tool to explore quantum chromodynamics in the strangeness sector at low energy, with implications reaching neutron stars and dark matter. Precision x-ray spectroscopy can fully unlock the at-threshold isospin dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths, via the atomic transitions to the fundamental level. While the SIDDHARTA experiment at the INFN-LNF DAΦNE collider successfully measured kaonic hydrogen, its successor SIDDHARTA-2 is starting now its data taking campaign aiming to finally fully disentangle the isoscalar and isovector scattering lengths via the measurement of kaonic deuterium. An overview of the first experimental results from a preparatory run for the SIDDAHARTA-2 experiment is presented.
The role of Debye mass in the chiral crossover in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jia , Wen Xin-Jian
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the Debye mass of quarks is investigated in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model at zero and nonzero chemical potentials. In a uniform plasma, the Debye mass usually behaves as a monotonous increasing function of the temperature, the chemical potential and the magnetic field. At the fixed coupling interaction G, we find that the magnetic catalysis (MC) on the occurrence of the chiral restoration could be revealed by the susceptibility of the Debye mass dm

D
/dT at low chemical potential and by the quantity Tdm

D
/dT in the region of moderate densities. However, the inverse MC is realized under a thermomagnetic coupling constant G(B, T) by the behavior of the Debye mass at both zero and nonzero chemical potentials.
Suppression and compensation effect of oxygen on the behavior of heavily boron-doped diamond films
Authors: Hao Li-Cai , Chen Zi-Ang , Liu Dong-Yang , Zhao Wei-Kang , Zhang Ming , Tang Kun , Zhu Shun-Ming , Ye Jian-Dong , Zhang Rong , Zheng You-Dou , Gu Shu-Lin
Published: July 2022

This work investigates the suppression and compensation effect of oxygen on the behaviors and characteristics of heavily boron-doped microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) diamond films. The suppression effect of oxygen on boron incorporation is observed by an improvement in crystal quality when oxygen is added during the diamond doping process. A relatively low hole concentration is expected and verified by Hall effect measurements due to the compensation effect of oxygen as a deep donor in diamond. A low acceptor concentration, high compensation donor concentration and relatively larger acceptor ionization energy are then induced by the incorporation of oxygen; however, a heavily boron-doped diamond film with high crystal quality can also be expected. The formation of an oxygen–boron complex structure instead of oxygen substitution, as indicated by the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is suggested to be more responsible for the observed enhanced compensation effect due to its predicted low formation energy. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations show that the boron–oxygen complex structure is easily formed in diamond with a formation energy of –0.83 eV. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of oxygen compensation in heavily boron-doped diamond.
Tunable terahertz acoustic-phonon emission from monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Zhao Cheng-Xiang , Zheng Miao-Miao , Qie Yuan , Han Fang-Wei
Published: July 2022

The acoustic-phonon emission from monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) driven by a direct-current electric field is studied theoretically using the Boltzmann equation method. It is found that the Cerenkov emission of terahertz acoustic-phonons can be generated when a very weak electric field is applied to ML-MoS2. The physical mechanisms of acoustic-phonon emission are analyzed from the perspective of condensed matter physics. The acoustic-phonon emission from ML-MoS2 is also compared with those from graphene and GaAs. The results reveal that the frequencies of acoustic-phonons generated by ML-MoS2 are between the frequencies of those generated from GaAs and graphene. The results of this work suggest that the ML-MoS2 can make up for graphene and GaAs in respect of acoustic-phonon emission and be used in tunable hypersonic devices such as terahertz sound sources.
Enhanced and tunable Imbert-Fedorov shift based on epsilon-near-zero response of Weyl semimetal
Authors: Wu Ji-Peng , Xiang Yuan-Jiang , Dai Xiao-Yu
Published: July 2022

We theoretically investigate the reflected spatial Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift of transverse-electric (TE)-polarized beam illuminating on a bulk Weyl semimetal (WSM). The spatial IF shift is enhanced significantly at two different frequencies close to the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency, where large values of reflection coefficients |r
pp|/|r
ss| are obtained due to the ENZ response induced different rapid increasing trends of |r
pp| and |r
ss|. Particularly, the tunable ENZ effect with tilt degree of Weyl cones and Fermi energy enables the enhanced spatial IF shift at different frequencies. The enhanced spatial IF shift also shows the adjustability of WSM thickness, incident angle and Weyl node separation. Our findings provide easy and available methods to enlarge and adjust the reflected IF shift of TE-polarized light with a WSM.
Transition-edge sensors using Mo/Au/Au tri-layer films
Authors: Wang Hubing , Lv Yue , Li Dongxue , Zhao Yue , Gao Bo , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2022

The proximity effect to reduce the transition temperature of a superconducting film is frequently used in transition-edge sensors. Here, we develop these transition-edge sensors using Mo/Au/Au tri-layer films to detect soft x-rays. They are equipped with an overhanging photon absorber. We reduce the fabrication complexity by integrating the sensor patterning with the tri-layer film formation. We determine the electro-thermal parameters of the sensors through a series of resistance vs. temperature and current vs. voltage measurements. We also demonstrate their energy-resolving capability by using a 55Fe radioactive x-ray source. The best energy resolution was approximately 6.66 eV at 5.9 keV, with a theoretical count rate of 500 Hz.
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 2. Process with unknown systematic effect
Authors: Shirono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Hideyuki , Koike Masayoshi
Published: July 2022

In this paper, optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment using the expression of the revenue that we showed in part 1 of this study is proposed under the condition of a systematic effect component being present in the measurement uncertainty. Systematic effect components are caused by unknown biases. Using the distribution based on the uncertainty information of the bias, we can develop the distribution of the revenue. Our idea is to set a percentile of the revenue distribution as the target of the maximization to reflect the systematic effect component in the optimization of the acceptance interval. We provide an equation for the optimum acceptance interval that can be numerically solved with little burden. We found that the choice of the probability for the percentile is an essential task in the optimization. Our proposed method incorporating the systematic effect seems to be sufficiently practical to be applied to actual processes.
Biomimetic folding of triangular deployable membranes
Authors: Tang Yuzhen , Beccarelli Paolo , Guo Hongwei , Liu Rongqiang , De Focatiis Davide , Deng Zongquan
Published: July 2022

Deployable membranes are being increasingly applied in numerous space projects owing to their light weight, small stowage volume and capacity for use at large scales. The geometric design of biomimetic folding is studied to design crease patterns for triangular deployable membranes applied in space. Various crease designs for triangular membranes based on leaf-in, leaf-out and orthogonal patterns are put forward, especially patterns composed of triangular and hexagonal units. In order to analyse the membrane folding method based on biomimetic folding, a set of evaluation indices, including linear dimension ratio, deployment ratio, crease length and junction number, are established. The indices for various membrane folding patterns are calculated according to the crease distributions and geometric relations. Furthermore, a parametric study of crease parameters is performed to determine how the parameters affect folding behaviour and deployment efficiency. These indices can provide an indication to help with the selection of crease patterns and folding parameters for triangular deployable membranes according to the required performance and space mission requirements.