bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Increased RNase Activity of IRE1α in PBMCs from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ahmadiany Mahdieh , Alavi-Samani Mahshid , Hashemi Zahra , Moosavi Mohammad Amin , Rahmati Marveh
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this inflammatory disease remains a challenge to patients and physicians. Recent evidence highlights the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA. Herein, we study the expression of the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), as well as XBP1 splicing and the regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA compared with healthy controls. Methods: The PBMCs from blood samples of RA patients and healthy volunteers were isolated by a density gradient centrifugation method using Ficoll. The gene expression levels of GRP78/ Bip, IRE1, XBP1s, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The expression of GRP78, IRE1, and XBP1s were increased in PBMCs of RA patients compared with healthy controls. We further show that the RIDD targets (miRNA-17, -34a, -96, and -125b) were downregulated in RA samples. Conclusion: This study can expand our knowledge on the importance of RNase activity of IRE1α in RA and may offer new potentials for developing novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic biomarkers.
Measurement and Prediction of Temperature Increase during Isothermal Forging of Titanium–6 Aluminum–4 Vanadium
Authors: Kitashima T. , Matsumoto R. , Yoshida Y. , Matsumoto H. , Nishihara T. , Kuroda S. , Motohashi N. , Hagiwara M. , Emura S.
Published: August 2019

Titanium–6 aluminum–4 vanadium is isothermally forged at 1,023–1,223 K (750°C–950°C) at 0.05, 0.1, and 1.0/s using a 1,500-ton forging press simulator. The temperature increase of a workpiece (100 mm in diameter, 50 mm in height) during forging is measured by inserting thermocouples into the workpiece, and this increase is predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). The physical properties necessary for the FEA are determined using the same material as the forged one in order to improve the prediction accuracy. The true stress–true strain curves and heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and dies are inversely obtained. The temperature change predicted by FEA using those parameters and curves agreed well with the experimental results. In the FEA, the inelastic heat fraction, which is a conversion factor for plastic deformation energy to heat energy, did not depend on the strain rate, but it remained the same at strain rates of 0.05–1.0/s. This result suggests that the large heat capacity of the workpiece in this study suppressed the effect of heat transfer between the workpiece and dies/air on the temperature of the workpiece. It is also shown that the prediction accuracy of the workpiece’s temperature could be degraded unless the appropriate specific heat value is used, especially near the β transus temperature, which can be affected by the composition of light elements.
Development of Applications of Infrared Heating in Ferritic Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing Process
Authors: Sharma Jagdeep , Sidhu Balwinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh
Published: August 2019

A rapid salt bath nitrocarburizing process technology is primarily developed by providing infrared heating instead of conventional induction heating. Two thermochemical techniques, conventional salt bath nitrocarburizing with induction heating and salt bath nitrocarburizing with infrared heating, were done on AISI 1018 low-carbon steel. The results showed that infrared heating could significantly enhance the nitrocarburizing efficiency and shorten the holding time comparing with the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Nitrocarburizing time has been shortened from 120 min to 90 min in infrared heating technique, and a more intense carbon-enriched compound layer is observed in field emission scanning electron microscope micrographs when compared to the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reveals higher weight % (1.18 %) and atomic % (2.85 %) of nitrogen in infrared-heated nitrocarburizing process specimens as compared to weight % (0.96 %) and atomic % (1.92 %) in conventional nitrocarburizing specimens. A line scan mapping of compound layer and diffusion zone was done to find out the elemental intensities and results favored by infrared heating specimens. Furthermore, an increase in microhardness was observed because of the thick and compact compound layer in infrared heating. Also, more profound diffusion zone was observed as compared to the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Further, surface roughness values have been found to be very high because of the highly porous surfaces created by the postoxidation process, and this could also be attributed to higher radiant energies from infrared heating.
Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Halal Products in Pontianak City
Authors: Budiman Riadi
Published: August 2019

Halal certification is a halal recognition by MUI on a product that is important especially for Muslim consumers. The existence of a halal label on a product provides added value to businessmen while consumers getting a consumer guarantee. Based on The Republic of Indonesia Law No. 33 of 2014 regarding the guarantee of halal products, the provisions of halal products are based on ingredients and processing. This study focuses on the halal production process based on Islamic Shari'a. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing consumer interest in halal food products. The results showed that halal certification, halal awareness, food ingredients affect purchase intention. These three factors may become consideration for the producer to produce their product.
The Opportunities of Using Malay Apple (Syzygium malaccense (L). Merr. & Perry) Wood Stem Extract as Halal and Thayyib Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Fauziah Nenden , Senania Astri , Nuari Dhoni Anshar , Setianingrum Marginingsih
Published: August 2019

The use of existing antidiabetic drugs generally causes dangerous side effects, while the use of insulin has a problem with the halal status of the ingredients. Treatment with halal and thayyib medicinal ingredients is needed by Muslims, so it is necessary to find antidiabetic drugs that are halal and thayyib. The use of natural materials such as malay apple can be a solution for halal medicine. The study on antihyperglycemic activity of extracts of malay apple stem wood have been done. Invivo studies were carried out on animal experiments in male swiss webster mice using the glucose tolerance method. The experimental results showed a decrease in blood glucose levels after feeding with extract of malay apple stem wood at doses of 100 mg/Kgbw, 200 mg/Kgbw and 400 mg/Kgbw, which were significantly different compared to the control group (p <0.05), but effective doses shown at a dose of 100 mg/Kgbw. Measurement of moisture and ash content, levels of heavy metal and microbial contamination, showed that the simplicia of malay apple stem wood is safe. The results of this study indicate that malay apple wood extract is a material that is very likely to be used as antidiabetic drugs that are halal and thayyib.
The Effect of Storage Duration on Fruit Juices Made With or Without the Addition of Yeast Towards Its Alcohol Content
Authors: Roswiem Anna Priangani , Septiani Triayu , Yuliwulandari Rika
Published: August 2019

Fruit juice is a healthy beverage. However, we must be careful in handling or consuming such juice, especially in relation to its storage time. The Prophet of Muhammed PBUH in his hadith prohibits to drink fruit juices that have been stored for more than 3 days, as its legal status changes from Halal into Haram.In accordance with the development of science and technology, many methods could be used to measure alcohol content in a sample; such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy method (GC-MS). Therefore the objective of this research was to analyze the alcohol content of various fruit juices made with or without the addition of yeast and  being stored within 1, 2, and 3 days using GC-MS, as well as its relation to the hadith Matn of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH regarding its law. Results showed that alcohol (ethanol) content of various fruit juices : red grapes, green grapes, dates, pomegranate and durian, made without the addition of yeast which stored for 3 days, in consecutive order were 0.524; 0.144; 0.214; 0.143 and 0.314% v/v. While alcohol (ethanol) content of various fruit juices : red grapes, green grapes, dates, pomegranate and durian, made with the addition of 10 g/L yeast were  and stored for 3 days were 0.618; 0.921; 0.901; 0.575 and 1.202% v/v constitutively. Alcohol content of red grapes fruit juices of 0.524% v/v was the highest alcohol content (in juices) which is still Halal to be consumed.
Study of Critical Point Analysis on Meat-Based Foods in Bandung
Authors: Adawiyah Ayuni , Kulsum Yuni
Published: August 2019

Halal is a term of lawful or permitted to do according to Islamic law which regulates all aspects of life especially in consuming food. Halal critical point is a condition of food processing. Halal food has a possibility transformed into haram if there are non-halal ingredients used during the food processing. The concept of Halalan Tayyiban is not widely understood by the Muslim, although it is necessary for all human according to health and hygiene. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The interview and observation to 8 informants were carried out to the seller of sausages (chicken and beef), cilok, burger, bump and three types of meatballs. The results of the halal condition analysis of processed meat-based foods which is supported by the results of observations and interviews directly pursed into two main important discussions, namely in terms of the composition and processing of processed meat-based food.
Snapshots of tellings in interactions between adults and children aged two, three and three and a half in an Australian context
Authors: Filipi Anna
Published: August 2019

This paper examines how and by whom tellings with two young children are triggered at ages 23, 36 and 42 months. The data for the investigation is derived from a larger Australian English corpus of over 50 hours of interactions in the home, although one of the children is a bilingual Italian/ English-speaking child. The data is derived from two parent/child dyads, and in the case of the child aged 42 months, a triadic interaction between a mother, her own child and a second child. Using the micro-analytic methods of conversation analysis, the study analyses five samples of tellings. The first two describe how a child, Cassandra, aged 23 months, is invited to recount events of her day by her parents. The trigger for these tellings is the social activity of sharing everyday routine events. The next two samples focus on Rosie at 36 months who is also invited to share a telling by her parent about a birthday party celebration and one about a neighbourhood cat, Claude. The first telling is triggered by an object, a balloon from a birthday party from the day before, while the second is triggered by play involving the character of a cat, initially derived from a favourite story, Hairy Maclary. In the final sample, Cassandra, aged 42 months, initiates a telling about an experience at her grandmother’s which is trigged by a picture in a book. The analyses in each case reveal the interactional issues that arise in the action of telling and how these are dealt with by all participants. By focusing on the three ages, key features in the children’s participation in storytelling are uncovered.
Positioning updates as relevant
Authors: Searles Darcey
Published: August 2019

Telling about your day is a documented component of close relationships. In examining nearly 31 hours of video-recorded English-speaking American and Canadian families with young children primarily between the ages of three and six, this paper analyses how children solve the problem of producing relevant updates about the goings on of their day. Findings indicate that child-initiated updates are ‘touched off ’ by prior talk or something in the immediate environment. I find that child-initiated updates occur in three sequential environments: (1) when they are prompted by a specific word/ phrase, (2) when they are prompted by an object in the locally immediate environment, and (3) when they are prompted by the local ongoing activity. Importantly, these updates are retrospectively activated in that they are responsive to what just occurred before, but also initiate a new sequence. The updating practices described here provide further evidence of the interactional sophistication of young children in that they show how children can exploit the ongoing environment to deliver updates about their own lives.
Relationship between right atrium area and right ventricular ejection fraction on magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with other prognostic markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mello Marcelo M. , Watte Guilherme , Altmayer Stephan , Pallaoro Yana L. R. , Spilimbergo Fernanda B. , Blanco Daniela C. , Meyer Gisela M. B. , Marchiori Edson , Hochhegger Bruno
Published: August 2019

Abstract Objective: To compare the right atrium (RA) area and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) with other known prognostic markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 74 patients diagnosed with PAH by right heart catheterization at a referral center between January 2018 and May 2018. All of the patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 months of the right heart catheterization (RHC), as well as undergoing echocardiography, a 6-minute walk test, and determination of the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) within a month of the RHC. We attempted to determine whether the cardiac MRI-derived RA area correlated with ions between RVEF and RA area measured by that determined by echocardiography, as well as whether the cardiac MRI-derived RA area and RVEF correlated with the 6-minute walk distance and NT-proBNP level. Results: The MRI-derived RA area demonstrated a weak correlation with the pulmonary vascular resistance measured by RHC (r = 0.268; p = 0.055) and a moderate correlation with the NT-proBNP (r = 0.429; p = 0.003). All correlations between clinical characteristics and the RVEF were statistically significant. In the univariate linear analysis, the RVEF showed stronger correlations with the clinical characteristics than did the RA area. Conclusion: In patients with PAH, cardiac MRI-derived RVEF appears to correlate more strongly with other prognostic factors than does RA area.
Computed tomography-measured body composition: correlation with postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with gastroesophageal cancer
Authors: Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Miola Thais Manfrinato , Souza Juliana de Oliveira , Conceição Elizabeth Launeir Santos da , Coimbra Felipe José Fernandez , Barbosa Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto
Published: August 2019

Abstract Objective: To determine whether preoperative anthropometric and computed tomography (CT) measurements of body composition can predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records and abdominal CT scans of patients with gastric or esophageal cancer who underwent surgery in 2015 at a cancer center. CT scans performed during routine preoperative evaluation were retrospectively assessed to measure the area of lean body mass at the level of the third lumbar vertebra, as well as the area of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Results: Seventy patients were included in the study. The mean age was 59.9 years (range, 33-82 years), and 47 patients (67.1%) were men. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14.9 months. Neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality correlated significantly with gender, age, the type of primary tumor, the presence of comorbidities, smoking status, body mass index, nutritional status, or visceral fat area. The survival rate was higher for patients with normal lean body mass than for those with low lean body mass (hazard ratio = 0.116; 95% confidence interval: 0.015-0.906; p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our data suggest that lean body mass can be a relevant prognostic factor in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer, and that CT measurements should be included in the routine preoperative evaluation, because it may provide information that aids nutritional and clinical care for these patients.
Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values for evaluating terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Durayski Evandra , Watte Guilherme , Pacini Gabriel Sartori , Roman Diego Hermindo , Machado Marta Brenner , Marchiori Edson , Hochhegger Bruno , Baldisserotto Matteo
Published: August 2019

Abstract Objective: To determine the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients with Crohn’s disease who underwent magnetic resonance enterography with DWI in a 3.0 T scanner. The patients were divided into two groups, on the basis of colonoscopy and biopsy findings: active inflammation; and inactive disease. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined, as were the magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and the Clermont score. Results: Of the 38 patients evaluated, 18 (47%) had active inflammation. The patients with active inflammation showed greater restricted diffusion, more pronounced mucosal edema, greater wall thickening, a higher MaRIA, and a higher Clermont score than did those with inactive disease. The level of interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) was excellent for the MaRIA and the Clermont score, whereas it was substantial for the ADC values. For identifying colonoscopy-proven inflammation, the best ADC cut-off point was 2.1 × 10−3 mm2/s, which had a sensitivity of 88.8% and a specificity of 95.0%, whereas DWI presented an overall accuracy of 89.4%, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion: Visual analysis of the DWI sequence has good accuracy in detecting terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease. In addition, low ADC values have good sensitivity for detecting colonoscopy-proven inflammation.
Ainda é possível que os países em desenvolvimento façam seu catching up no século XXI?
Authors: Zagato Ligia
Published: August 2019

RESUMO No presente artigo discorre-se a possibilidade de países em desenvolvimento (PED) ainda realizarem seu catching up no contexto do século XXI. Para isso, são analisados alguns casos emblemáticos de desenvolvimento - Inglaterra, Estados Unidos, Japão e Coreia do Sul. Verifica-se que esses países desenvolvidos (PD) valeram-se de quatro estratégias de desenvolvimento, a emulação, a adoção de política industrial, o investimento em inovação tecnológica e a atuação ativa do Estado. Acredita-se que se essa estratégia for adaptada aos novos contextos nacionais e internacional ela continue sendo adequada para a promoção do desenvolvimento.
Uma tentativa de integração entre Keynes e Kalecki: investimento e dinâmica
Authors: BUSATO MARIA ISABEL , REIF ANA CRISTINA , POSSAS MARIO LUIZ
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Keynes e Kalecki foram os precursores dos modelos de dinâmica baseados no Princípio da Demanda Efetiva e atribuíram ao investimento papel central para aquela. Kalecki retrata uma dinâmica cíclica regular associada ao efeito dual e defasado do investimento. Já o modelo de Keynes descreve uma dinâmica potencialmente instável, resultado das decisões baseadas em expectativas formuladas sob incerteza. Este artigo tem como objetivo construir uma interpretação integradora das visões dos autores, possibilitando uma melhor compreensão dos fatos estilizados que mostram que a dinâmica capitalista é marcada por fases de regularidade cíclica que são eventualmente quebradas, dando lugar à instabilidade.
A atuação histórica do BNDES: o que os dados têm a nos dizer?
Authors: Barboza Ricardo de Menezes , Furtado Mauricio , Gabrielli Humberto
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Este trabalho tem três objetivos. O primeiro é investigar a composição setorial dos desembolsos do BNDES desde a sua criação, em 1952, com base nos registros históricos de financiamento da instituição. O BNDES foi criado para ser o banco da infraestrutura nacional e, de fato, cumpriu esse papel na sua primeira década de existência. No entanto, a partir da década de 1960, a maior parte dos financiamentos do BNDES destinou-se para o setor industrial, ainda que de forma cadente ao longo do tempo. Apenas na década de 2010, a infraestrutura voltou a ser o setor protagonista nos empréstimos do banco. O segundo objetivo consiste em analisar o tamanho do BNDES na economia brasileira desde a sua criação. Para isso, são analisadas estatísticas de participação do banco no investimento agregado e no PIB. Os dados mostram que a instituição aumentou significativamente de tamanho na década de 2000, especialmente entre 2009 e 2014, quando superou o tamanho prevalecente na década de 1970, período marcado pelo II PND. O terceiro objetivo consiste em decompor os desembolsos do BNDES, desde 1990, por porte de empresa. Os dados revelam que grandes empresas têm sido cada vez menos - e não mais, como parece ser o senso comum - beneficiadas pelos empréstimos do banco. Isso quer dizer que micro, pequenas e médias empresas (MPMEs) têm ganhado cada vez mais participação no crédito concedido pelo BNDES.
Inequalities and capital accumulation in China
Authors: Nogueira Isabela , Guimarães João Victor , Braga João Pedro
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT This article contributes to the debate on income and wealth distribution in China by analyzing the main characteristics of the Chinese accumulation pattern that determine its distributive dynamics in a comparative perspective. After a period of rapid growth of inequalities, coupled with improved living conditions for all distribution deciles, inequalities have stabilized in China since the mid-2000s. Globally, China is today in a distributive pattern worse than Western Europe or Japan, but it is more egalitarian than the United States and far from the world inequality frontier defined by Brazil, India, South Africa and the Middle East. In this article, we scrutinize three characteristics of the regime of accumulation in China that mitigate the capital-concentrating tendency: 1. the financialization process with Chinese characteristics, 2. the strategic share of State ownership in the economy, 3. its trajectory over the agrarian question.
“Apoio minhas proposições no conceito de economia monetária de produção”
Authors: OREIRO JOSÉ LUIS
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Fernando Cardim de Carvalho (1953-2018) foi o mais importante economista pós-keynesiano brasileiro. O Conselho do Brazilian Journal of Political Economy homenageia Cardim com a publicação desta entrevista concedida a José Luis Oreiro em 19 de julho de 2011. É um documento importante sobre seu método apoiado solidamente na realidade, sua ampla cultura econômica, e seu pensamento teórico centrado no conceito de economia monetária de produção.
O choque nos preços das commodities e a economia brasileira nos anos 2000
Authors: Lélis Marcos Tadeu Caputi , Cunha André Moreira , Linck Priscila
Published: August 2019

RESUMO O presente trabalho avalia os impactos macroeconômicos da queda nos preços das commodities na economia brasileira ao longo dos anos 2000. Por meio da aplicação de dois métodos estatísticos complementares - os modelos Markov Switching Dynamic Regression e Vetoriais Autorregressivos (VAR) - foi possível estimar que 1/3 da desaceleração econômica pós-2014 esteve associada à mudança no regime de preços das commodities.
Economics and economic methodology in a core-periphery economic world
Authors: Davis John B.
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT This paper uses a core-periphery distinction to characterize contemporary economics, economic methodology, and also today’s world economy. First, it applies the distinction to the organization of contemporary economics through an examination of the problem of explaining economics’ relations to and boundaries with other disciplines. Second, it argues that economics’ core-periphery organization is replicated in a similar organization of the use and practice of contemporary economic methodology in economics. Third, it draws on the use of the core-periphery thinking in economics itself regarding the uneven development of the world economy to provide possible foundations for economics and economic methodology being organized in core-periphery terms. Fourth, the paper briefly discusses three potential countervailing forces operating on the development of contemporary economics that might work against its core-periphery organization.
Towards the micropropagation of Euphorbia cyathophora Murray: a wild plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential
Authors: Rodríguez-Elizalde María de los Ángeles , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Hernández Mateo Vargas , León María Teresa Beryl Colinas y , González Alejandro Manzo , Alarcón Alejandro
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: Euphorbia cyathophora Murray is a plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential but whose in vitro propagation is unknown. Two experiments were performed to know 1) the effect of light (WL) at 25±2 °C and 20 μmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity, or darkness at 20±2 °C, for the first 20 days and subsequent placement in light (DKL) as previously described, and 2) the best combination of plant growth regulators: benzyl amino purine (BAP), kynetin (KIN), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and the effect of both light conditions. The DKL treatment did not promote the growth of leaves, cotyledons, or plantlet height; in contrast, WL produced a more developed root system with early appearance of tertiary roots. In regards to the interaction of plant regulators and light effect, only the treatment with 1 mg BAP L-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L-1 generated shoots in both light conditions (DKL and WL). Darkness (DKL) generated more indirect greatest morphogenic responses (callus formation).
Mechanical properties of bean grains (BRSMG Majestic) coated with carnauba wax
Authors: Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Paixão Aline Almeida da , Baptestini Fernanda Machado , Vanegas Jaime Daniel Bustos , Zeymer Juliana Soares
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the mechanical properties of beans (BRSMG Majestuoso) coated with carnauba wax solution. Grains with 0.1481 (d.b.) moisture content was used. Treatments 0, 1 and 2 were respectively defined as the control sample, application of the wax diluted 1/1 (carnauba wax solution/water) and application of carnauba wax without dilution. Uniaxial compression tests were performed in the universal test apparatus, TA HD Texture Analyzer with 500 N load cell. Compression tests were carried out during the storage period of in-nature grains, in those that underwent the hydration process at 40 and 50 °C of temperature and in grains during the cooking process. Only the storage time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the rupture force and the proportional deformity module. Hydration and cooking of the grains provided a reduction in the values of the studied variables.
Viruses that affect Apis mellifera and their occurrence in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Domitila Brzoskowski , Monteiro Francielle Liz , Hübner Silvia de Oliveira , Lima Marcelo de , Fischer Geferson
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: Bees are very important insects for agriculture, fulfilling an important role in pollination and renewal of the ecosystem. However, in several countries significant losses of colonies and population decline of honeybees and native bees have been reported in recent years. Most researchers reported that premature losses are linked to several factors, including viruses that have a great impact on the colonies. This article reports the identification of new viruses, some transmission routes, the association of these parasites with the symptoms of the diseases that affect the health of honeybees, as well as viruses that have been described in Brazil.
Sustainable production with obtaining glucosamine from crab exoskeletons
Authors: Montiel-Montoya Jorge , Valdez-Morales Maribel , Reyes Cesar , Barrales-Cureño Hebert Jair
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: Two chemical treatments, five enzymatic (pectinase, lipase, hemicellulase, hemicellulose-cellulase or lipase-pectinase) and one microbiological (Bacillus subtilis) treatment were evaluated to obtain glucosamine hydrochloride (Gluc-HCl) from the chitin obtained from crab (Callinectes bellicosus) exoskeletons. Chemical treatments were referred as Method A (HCl hydrolysis during 75 min at 90°C) and Method B (HCl hydrolysis during 20 min and 14 h of rest). Glucosamine and, in some cases, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were identified and quantified by HPLC. Treatments with the greater concentrations of Gluc-HCl in descending order were: lipase (94.4 mg/g), microbiological (45.7 mg/g), lipase-pectinase (22.9 mg/g), hemicellulase-cellulase (20.9 mg/g), hemicellulase (15.3 mg/g), pectinase (10.7 mg/g), Chemical A (7.3mg/g) and Chemical B (7.3mg/g). In terms of yield, the best treatments in descending order were: pectinase (94%), microbiological (94%), hemicellulase (92%), lipase (91%), Chemical B (88%), lipase-pectinase (88%), hemicellulase-cellulase (86%) and Chemical A (28.5%). The two most profound treatments were lipase and microbiological, so they are proposed as part of a viable method to produce Gluc-HCl from crab exoskeletons; they are ecofriendly procedures and could add value to the crab´s productive chain.
Implementation of the national school nourishment program in the Brazilian Federal institution of Education of Bahia State
Authors: Vilela Katia de Fatima , Freitas Alair Ferreira de , Barbosa Rodney Alves , Salgado Rafael Junior dos Santos Figueiredo
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian National School Nourishment Program (PNAE) is one of the strongest public policies of food and nutrition in the world. Besides guaranteeing free and high-quality meals to students in the basic public educational system, the PNAE also establishes that at least 30% of the resources passed on to the municipalities by the federal government should be destined for the acquisition of foodstuffs from family agriculture. However, the budget execution of the PNAE by Federal Institutes of Education has been challenging and limiting regarding the practicability of the acquisition of food from family farmers. In this study, we provided empirical evidence that constitutes an essential analytical approach still little explored in the literature, but capable of revealing operational barriers to the implementation of the program. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation and to understand the difficulties perceived by the agents responsible for the operationalization of the PNAE in the campuses of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia State (IF Baiano). Therefore, we collected secondary data from institutional documents, whereas the primary data were obtained by semi-structured interviews performed in ten campuses of IF Baiano and the rectory. We observed that in some years, the budget destined to PNAE returned without implementation, evidencing flaws in the resources management. Thus, we concluded that some challenges need to be overcome before the implementation of the Program in these Federal Institutions.
“Infrastructural geopolitics” of climate knowledge: the Brazilian Earth System Model and the North-South knowledge divide
Authors: Miguel Jean Carlos Hochsprung , Mahony Martin , Monteiro Marko Synésio Alves
Published: August 2019

Abstract This article examines how geopolitics are embedded into the efforts of Southern nations that try to build new climate knowledge infrastructures. It achieves this through an analysis of the composition of the international climate modelling basis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), viewed from the perspective of the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) - the scientific project which placed a Latin American country for the first time inside the global modelling bases of the IPCC. The paper argues that beyond the idea of “infrastructural globalism”, a historical process of global scientific cooperation led by developed countries, we also need to understand the “infrastructural geopolitics” of climate models. This concept seeks to describe the actions of developing countries towards minimizing the imbalance of global climate scientific production, and how these countries participate in global climate governance and politics. The analysis of the construction of BESM suggests that national investments in global climate modelling were aimed at attaining scientific sovereignty, which is closely related to a notion of political sovereignty of the nation-state within the international regime of climate change.
O painel brasileiro de mudanças climáticas na interface entre ciência e políticas públicas: identidades, geopolítica e concepções epistemológicas
Authors: Duarte Tiago Ribeiro
Published: August 2019

Resumo Este artigo examina de modo comparativo dois projetos distintos para o Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (PBMC). O primeiro projeto consistiu na criação, por parte de cientistas brasileiros, de um painel nacional aos moldes do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Já o segundo foi a tentativa de um formulador de políticas climáticas de reunir renomados cientistas brasileiros da área para produzirem réplicas científicas a minutas de relatórios do IPCC que contivessem dados ou teorias que fossem contra o interesse nacional. Trata-se de duas tentativas de coproduzir as ciências climáticas e a ordem social com implicações para a produção de diferentes instituições e identidades. Ao mesmo tempo, os dois projetos embasaram-se em representações distintas sobre a geopolítica climática internacional e sobre a epistemologia das ciências. A partir dessa comparação, procuro avançar a crítica de Myanna Lahsen sobre o modelo linear das relações entre cientistas e formuladores de políticas públicas. Argumento que a interface ciência/políticas climáticas no Brasil não deve ser entendida como um espaço colaborativo no qual dados e teorias científicas fluem de modo não problemático da comunidade científica para formuladores de políticas. Essa interface é uma arena de disputa onde diferentes grupos de atores procuram produzir realidades sociais distintas.
Transformaciones de la narrativa del cambio climático global en Uruguay
Authors: Taks Javier
Published: August 2019

Resumen Entre 2005 y 2009 el cambio climático global aumentó su presencia mediática en Uruguay y terminó de institucionalizarse a nivel estatal, motivado por la experiencia colectiva de eventos meteorológicos extremos y una estrategia discursiva frente a la agenda internacional que incluyó a la sociedad nacional uruguaya en una humanidad planetarizada y en riesgo frente al cambio climático peligroso de origen antrópico. Este artículo busca, por un lado, mostrar cómo se ha ido transformando la narrativa del cambio climático de acuerdo a la visión hegemónica del desarrollo nacional desde los 1990 al presente. El clima se ha vuelto una arena de lucha de sentidos cuando se reincrustó en las discusiones sobre las formas de producción y consumo. Por otro lado, se describe y analiza la circulación y acomodación cognitiva de dicha narrativa ya nacionalizada en contextos particulares de uso social y político. Los casos a comparar incluyen científicos del clima, trabajadores de la industria energética y pescadores artesanales. En las conclusiones se aborda la brecha entre el uso institucionalizado de la narrativa global del cambio climático y las percepciones del tiempo y clima en la cotidianidad de las personas y cómo, al momento del estudio, no significaba un obstáculo a la reproducción de los modos de vida y producción.
Narrativas científicas sobre petróleo e mudanças do clima e suas reverberações na política climática brasileira
Authors: Viglio José Eduardo , Giulio Gabriela Marques Di , Barbi Fabiana , Ferreira Lúcia da Costa
Published: August 2019

Resumo De uma perspectiva analítica sobre as interações entre ciência e política em torno de questões energéticas e climáticas, o artigo identifica diferentes narrativas científicas referentes ao papel dos combustíveis fósseis, especificamente do petróleo do Pré-sal brasileiro, num contexto de mudança climática e transição para fontes renováveis de energia. Em seguida, analisa-se como estas narrativas se articularam com os posicionamentos do governo em dois momentos de inflexão nas negociações internacionais sobre o clima: na participação brasileira na COP-15, por meio da sua Política Nacional de Mudanças Climáticas (PNMC), estabelecida em 2009, e na COP-21, por meio da sua Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinada (iNDC na sigla em inglês), proposta em 2015. Por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, o artigo identifica e analisa três narrativas científicas sobre o Pré-sal, moldadas tanto por elementos tanto factuais quanto subjetivos. Embora sejam consensuais em relação à mudança climática e suas causas humanas, evidenciam diferentes interpretações, expectativas e proposições em relação ao papel do petróleo, sobretudo em países com grandes reservas deste recurso, como é o caso brasileiro. Das três narrativas científicas, duas apresentaram maior proximidade e entrelaçamento com as decisões do governo brasileiro de proteger o Pré-sal de questionamentos e imposições climáticas e de concentrar as ações de mitigação, principalmente, no setor de uso e ocupação da terra. O artigo evidencia ainda a relevância da abordagem metodológica e analítica de narrativas científicas para compreender as interfaces entre ciência e política em torno de questões controversas e multifacetadas, como a mudança do clima.
La vida social de la energía: apuntes para el estudio territorializado de las transiciones energéticas
Authors: Blanco-Wells Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Resumen Se presenta una propuesta teórica y metodológica para el estudio sociológico de la transición energética hacia energías renovables no convencionales, entendida como un proceso de cambio inducido vinculado a cambio climático, cuyos cursos de acción no están exentos de controversias sociotécnicas. La investigación se fundamenta en cuatro años de investigación sobre trayectorias territoriales de producción, uso y significación de la energía en tres regiones del sur-austral de Chile. A partir de una matriz teórica de la transición energética basada en los grados de renovabilidad y convencionalidad de la energía, se identifican diferentes regímenes sociotécnicos a partir de los cuales se debe indagar de modo empírico las formas situadas que adopta esta transición. Cada uno de estos regímenes fue investigado a través de casos de estudio lo que nos permite presentar aprendizajes generales de interés sociológico. A modo de conclusión, se propone ir más allá del concepto de régimen a través de la noción de ensamblaje, lo que permite explorar modos no lineales en que se asocian agentes heterogéneos en la territorialización de la energía. Además, se plantea que los grados de aceptación o rechazo social de la energía no debe ser el motor que mueva la investigación sobre esta materia, sino la forma en que las sociedades definen, debaten y construyen pragmáticamente formas democráticas y justas de uso energético en cada territorio. Desde nuestra perspectiva, esto supone avanzar en comprender estos procesos como parte de las soberanías energéticas de los pueblos.
When climatologists meet social scientists: ethnographic speculations around interdisciplinary equivocations
Authors: Taddei Renzo Romano , Haines Sophie
Published: August 2019

Abstract This article argues for the need to address the fact that a large amount of conflict over environmental knowledge occurs inside the academy, against the commonsensical perception that it is a mark of the relationship between science and non-science. It proposes a conceptual speculative exercise that uses a framework presented by indigenous ethnology, specifically the theory of Amerindian perspectivism, to address tensions among scientific disciplines in interdisciplinary work. Ethnographic vignettes about contentious encounters between climatologists/meteorologists and social scientists are used as methodological and analytical resources. The paper argues for a non-platonic approach to interdisciplinarity, suggesting that a more productive and realistic attitude treats the collaboration of different disciplines as a case of alliance among “enemies”, with the caveat that the concept of enemy should be understood here in terms of the relational philosophies of Amerindian peoples, where antagonistic difference is valued for its constitutive and productive effects on reality.
Ethnodirigid study of Medicinal plants used by the population assisted by the “Programa de Saúde da Família” (Family Health Program) in Marechal Deodoro - AL, Brazil
Authors: Melro J. C. Lima , Fonseca S. A. , Silva Júnior J. M. , Franco S. P. B. , Souza M. A. , Pimentel Y. F. C , Bomfim M. R. P. , Almeida E. M. , Costa J. G. , Matos-Rocha T. J. , Santos A. F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract This study aimed to assess diagnosis of Unique Health System (SUS) users profile with regard to herbal medicine. This is a cross-sectional study with observational data collection conducted in the city of Marechal Deodoro, through a semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to socioeconomic data, use, and knowledge of medicinal plants and herbal medicines and satisfaction with the use of medicinal herbs (MH) and interactions of phytotherapeutic drugs (PD). Among the topics, 86.89% of users used herbal medicines often, especially lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). It was also observed that the plants are generally used as a sedative (21.74%) and as tea (87.84%). 82.32% of respondents claim to have acquired the knowledge of herbal medicine through a family member and 85.36% make use of medicinal plants without having received any information on the use of MH and PD. 61% of the plants described that coincided with the form of use and therapeutic properties found in the literature. With regard to satisfaction by treatment with MH and PD, it was found that 56.67% are satisfied. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this aspect of usage, in order to avoid possible drug interactions or adverse reactions resulting from the incorrect use.
Morphometric analysis of Littoraria angulifera (Caenogastropoda) in estuarine regions of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Zeidan G. C. , Freitas L. A. , Santos G. B. M. , Silva-Neto E. M. , Boehs G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract The gastropod Littoraria angulifera (Littorinidae) is an exclusively estuarine mollusk with Neotropical anfiatlantic distribution. Recent studies indicate a possible use of the species as bioindicator. The aim of this study was to analyze the shell height, as well as to perform a morphometric analysis of the reproductive apparatus of L. angulifera collected in 22 sampling points located between latitudes 13º54'S and 15º44'S in the South Atlantic, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. The specimens were obtained in different estuarine environments including mangroves, as well as on rocks and concrete walls in places close to ports, shipyards and berths during January and February 2014. All specimens (n = 880) were analyzed regarding the sex and shell height/morphology, 440 were analyzed about the reproductive apparatus morphometry and 15 in histological description. The average shell height of animals from artificial substrates in nautical areas was lower (p<0.05) than the animals from mangroves, mainly in preserved areas, evidencing relation with human impacts and desiccation. The morphometric analysis of L. angulifera reproductive tract allowed us to conclude that the length of prostate in males and of palial oviduct in females may be useful in the reproductive evaluation of the species.
Native parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Serra da Bodoquena National Park-MS, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Luciano Brasil Martins de , Coelho João Batista , Guimarães Jorge Anderson , Uchoa Manoel Araecio
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes.
Influência da densidade de energia endovenosa linear no sucesso da termoablação endovenosa a laser como tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica
Authors: Heineberg Luiza de Freitas , Brandão Adriana Buechner de Freitas , Caron Filipe Carlos , Beirith Jaqueline , Araujo Walter Junior Boim de
Published: August 2019

Resumo Contexto Mostra-se relevante a elucidação da influência da densidade de energia endovenosa linear (linear endovenous energy density, LEED) média no sucesso do tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica por termoablação endovenosa a laser visando diminuir a morbidade desse método. Objetivos Avaliar a influência da LEED média na prevalência de fechamento das safenas após 30 dias do procedimento. Métodos Foram analisados 153 membros inferiores de 118 pacientes de um hospital referência, submetidos a termoablação com laser endovenoso 1470 nm sob anestesia local para o tratamento de insuficiência venosa crônica. Foi calculada a LEED média dos pacientes tratados para determinar se foi necessária uma energia maior que a média para o sucesso do tratamento. Resultados Dos 153 membros inferiores submetidos ao tratamento, houve diferença significativa (p = 0,021) no fechamento da junção safeno-femoral relacionada à LEED média utilizada acima do joelho. Por outro lado, no segmento de coxa não houve diferença significativa. Conclusões A LEED acima da média de 70,57 J/cm apresentou um índice maior de fechamento na junção safeno-femoral. Porém, no segmento de coxa, a densidade não influenciou o resultado, demonstrando que uma energia mais alta do que 70,57 J/cm tende a não ser necessária para o tratamento desse segmento.