bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy – a visit to the literature on plant, food, and agricultural studies
Authors: Lemes Ernane Miranda
Published: August 2024

Raman spectroscopy, a fast, non‐invasive, and label‐free optical technique, has significantly advanced plant and food studies and precision agriculture by providing detailed molecular insights into biological tissues. Utilizing the Raman scattering effect generates unique spectral fingerprints that comprehensively analyze tissue composition, concentration, and molecular structure. These fingerprints are obtained without chemical additives or extensive sample preparation, making Raman spectroscopy particularly suitable for in‐field applications. Technological enhancements such as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, Fourier‐transform‐Raman spectroscopy, and chemometrics have increased Raman spectroscopy sensitivity and precision. These and other advancements enable real‐time monitoring of compound translocation within plants and improve the detection of chemical and biological contaminants, essential for food safety and crop optimization. Integrating Raman spectroscopy into agronomic practices is transformative and marks a shift toward more sustainable farming activities. It assesses crop quality – as well as the quality of the food that originated from crop production – early plant stress detection and supports targeted breeding programs. Advanced data processing techniques and machine learning integration efficiently handle complex spectral data, providing a dynamic and detailed view of food conditions and plant health under varying environmental and biological stresses. As global agriculture faces the dual challenges of increasing productivity and sustainability, Raman spectroscopy stands out as an indispensable tool, enhancing farming practices' precision, food safety, and environmental compatibility. This review is intended to select and briefly comment on outstanding literature to give researchers, students, and consultants a reference for works of literature in Raman spectroscopy mainly focused on plant, food, and agronomic sciences. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Virtual and augmented reality: Human sensory‐perceptual requirements and trends for immersive spatial computing experiences
Authors: Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: August 2024

Building on several decades of research and development, the recent progress in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices with spatial computing technologies marks a significant leap in human–computer interaction, with applications ranging from entertainment and education to e‐commerce and healthcare. Advances in these technologies promise immersive experiences by simulating and augmenting the real world with computer‐generated digital content. The core objective of the VR and AR systems is to create convincing human sensory perceptions, thereby creating immersive and interactive experiences that bridge the gap between virtual and physical realities. However, achieving true immersion remains a goal, and it necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the neuroscience of human multisensory perception and accurate technical implementations to create a consistency between natural and synthetic sensory cues. This paper reviews the human sensory‐perceptual requirements vital for achieving such immersion, examines the current status and challenges, and discusses potential future advancements.
Analysis of the expression of cytokines and chemokines, platelet‐leukocyte aggregates, sCD40L and sCD62P in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Santos Rogerio Luiz dos , Martins Mário R. , Tavares Valéria Lobo , Neto João Pedreira Duprat , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante
Published: August 2024

Background

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a malignancy with a variable incidence worldwide and a poor advanced‐stage prognosis. Melanoma growth is closely associated with the immune system.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed on CM patients admitted at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) between 2015 and 2018. Fifty‐one CM patients were included, and 30 healthy individuals. The study aimed to evaluate the association of platelet activation mechanisms and inflammatory response in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Results

Elevated serum IL10 and low serum TNF levels in CM patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). High IL6 levels in patients with negative lymph nodes LN (−) compared to positive lymph nodes group (LN +, p = 0.0005). Low RANTES levels in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of platelet‐lymphocyte (PLA), platelet‐monocytes (PMA), and platelet‐neutrophils (PNA) aggregates were observed in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). CM patients with stage II had lower PMA levels than stages I and III (p < 0.05). High PMA levels were observed in patients with LN (+) compared to the LN (‐) group (p < 0.0001). Patients with SSM had high levels of sCD40L and sCD62P compared to controls (p < 0.05)). High sCD40L levels in stage II compared to the stage III group, and sCD62P in stages I and II compared to the stage III group (p < 0.05). High sCD62P levels in patients with LN (‐) compared to the group LN (+) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

It was observed the immunosuppressive profile in CM may favor tumor progression. High levels of platelet‐leukocyte aggregates, sCD40L, and sCD62P may be associated with the worst prognosis.
FUTURE‐PROOFING ORGANIZATIONS WITH CONSCIOUS LEADERSHIP
Authors: Wallace Natasha
Published: August 2024

The author, who is the founder and CEO of the Conscious Leadership Company, notes that the purpose of the article is “to help organizations navigate the complexities of the changed work environment and to lay down clear actions that catalyze sustained performance and innovation. It is designed to serve as guidance for organizations aiming to not just survive but thrive in this new era, setting themselves apart as leaders within their industry.” She discusses empathy, flexibility, and well‐being; within the latter, stating, “Leaders must create an environment where employees feel supported, valued, and understood.” She discusses the principles of high‐performing teams, and outlines conscious leadership, which she describes as a “new paradigm.” For teams, “leaders cultivate self‐efficacy by encouraging open dialogue and showing receptiveness to new ideas and feedback – they enable the team to believe in itself and the people within it.” The benefits of conscious leadership include enhanced team performance, employee well‐being, and organizational resilience. Challenges addressed are burnout prevention, shifting mindsets, resistance to change, and tackling problems head‐on. She concludes that the article “underscored the importance of trust, diversity, psychological safety, and the five core capabilities of Conscious Leadership – Togetherness, Growth, Awareness, Resilience, and Purpose.”
Corrosion protection investigations of oxide‐silane composite coating on hot dip aluminized steel
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Xia , Shi Lei , Jiang Ai‐Yun , Liu Jian‐Xiu , Zhang Bao‐Feng , Zhou Ya‐Jun , Zhang Guo‐Peng
Published: August 2024

The hot dip aluminized ASTM 1035 steels (Al‐coated steel) underwent anodic oxidization, and various thicknesses of Al2O3 coating were applied to the surface of the Al‐coated steels (Al–Al2O3‐coated steel). The corrosion resistance of the Al–Al2O3‐coated steel was investigated using potentiodynamic tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests and measurement of galvanic current density in a bimetallic cell. It was found that the anodic oxidation resulted in the formation of a porous Al2O3 coating on the surface of the Al‐coated steel, improving both its corrosion resistance and galvanic corrosion resistance when coupled with carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composite (Cf/PA6). Silane treatment effectively sealed the pores within the Al2O3 coating, resulting in improved corrosion protection for Al–Al2O3‐coated steel due to the exceptional insulation, impermeability and hydrophobic properties of silane coating. Compared to the Al‐coated steel/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) couple and Al–Al2O3‐coated steel/CFRP couple, stable galvanic current density decreased by approximately 75% and 45%, respectively.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 22 controls melanoma metastasis and vulnerability to ferroptosis through targeting SIRT1/PTEN/PI3K signaling
Authors: Sun Huiyan , Meng Yu , Yao Lei , Du Songtao , Li Yayun , Zhou Qian , Liu Yihuang , Dian Yating , Sun Yuming , Wang Xiaomin , Liang Xiao‐wei , Deng Guangtong , Chen Xiang , Zeng Furong
Published: August 2024

Metastasis is a major contributing factor that affects the prognosis of melanoma patients. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in melanoma metastasis are not yet entirely understood. Here, we identified ubiquitin‐specific protease 22 (USP22) as a pro‐oncogenic protein in melanoma through screening the survival profiles of 52 ubiquitin‐specific proteases (USPs). USP22 demonstrates a strong association with poor clinical outcomes and is significantly overexpressed in melanoma. Ablation of USP22 expression remarkably attenuates melanoma migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro and suppresses melanoma metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, USP22 controls melanoma metastasis through the SIRT1/PTEN/PI3K pathway. In addition, we conducted an United States Food and Drug Administration‐approved drug library screening and identified topotecan as a clinically applicable USP22‐targeting molecule by promoting proteasomal degradation of USP22. Finally, we found that both pharmacological and genetic silence of USP22 sensitize RSL3‐induced ferroptosis through suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its downstream SCD, and ferroptosis inhibitor could partly rescued the decreased lung metastasis by topotecan in vivo. Overall, our findings reveal a prometastatic role of USP22 and identify topotecan as a potent USP22‐targeting drug to limit melanoma metastasis.
Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yang Chenhao , Xu Yongxin , Feng Xiaofan , Wang Bowen , Du Yichao , Wang Kexin , Lü Jiaojiao , Huang Lingyan , Qian Zhenyu , Wang Zhen , Chen Nan , Zhou Junhong , Zhang Chencheng , Liu Yu
Published: August 2024

Background

Invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective in treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its clinical use is limited to patients at the advanced stage of the disease. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) may be a novel nonneurosurgical and safer alternative, yet its therapeutic potential remains unexplored.

Objective

This pilot study aims to examine the feasibility and safety of tTIS targeting the right globus pallidus internus (GPi) for motor symptoms in patients with PD.

Methods

Twelve participants with mild PD completed this randomized, double‐blind, and sham‐controlled experiment. Each of them received either 20‐minute or sham tTIS of the right GPi. Before and immediately after the stimulation, participants completed the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS‐III) in the “medication‐on” state to assess the motor symptoms. The blinding efficacy and side effects were also assessed.

Results

tTIS was well tolerated by participants, with only mild, transient adverse effects reported. tTIS significantly reduced MDS‐UPDRS‐III scores by 6.64 points (14.7%), particularly in bradykinesia (23.5%) and tremor (15.3%). The left side showed more significant alleviation in motor symptoms, particularly bradykinesia, compared to the right side. Participants with severer bradykinesia and tremor before stimulation experienced greater improvement after tTIS.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that the tTIS, as a novel noninvasive DBS approach, is feasible and safe for alleviating motor symptoms in mild PD, especially bradykinesia and tremor. Future larger‐scale and more definitive studies are needed to confirm the benefits. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Whole paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 4 with a novel homozygous IDUA splicing variant, c.159‐9T>A, in a Chinese patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Yan Lulu , Ding Shuxia , He Yan , Fu Bin , Chen Changshui , Li Haibo
Published: August 2024

Background

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS‐I) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by pathogenic variants of the α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA) gene. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of MPS‐I in a Chinese patient and construct a minigene of IDUA to analyze its variants upon splicing.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the potential causative variants. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was subsequently performed to confirm uniparental disomy (UPD). Minigene assay was performed to analyze the effect on splicing of mRNA. We meanwhile explored the conservative analysis and protein homology simulation.

Results

A novel homozygous splicing mutation of IDUA, c.159‐9T>A, was identified in an individual presenting with overlapping features of MPS‐I. Interestingly, only the father and sisters, but not the mother, carried the variant in a heterozygous state. WES and SNP array analyses validated paternal UPD on chromosome 4. Minigene splicing revealed two aberrant splicing events: exon 2 skipping and intron 1 retention. Moreover, the specific structure of the mutant protein obviously changed according to the results of the homologous model.

Conclusions

This study describes a rare autosomal recessive disorder with paternal UPD of chromosome 4 leading to the homozygosity of the IDUA splicing variant in patients with MPS‐I for the first time. This study expands the variant spectrum of IDUA and provides insights into the splicing system, facilitating its enhanced diagnosis and treatment.
Deep learning models for separate segmentations of intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage on head CT and segmentation quality assessment
Authors: Li Yifan , Zhang Ruijie , Li Ying , Zuo Xinbing , Wang Qian , Zhang Shicai , Huo Xiankai , Liu Zhenhe , Zhang Quan , Liang Meng
Published: August 2024

Background

The volume measurement of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) provides critical information for precise treatment of patients with spontaneous ICH but remains a big challenge, especially for IVH segmentation. However, the previously proposed ICH and IVH segmentation tools lack external validation and segmentation quality assessment.

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a robust deep learning model for the segmentation of ICH and IVH with external validation, and to provide quality assessment for IVH segmentation.

Methods

In this study, a Residual Encoding Unet (REUnet) for the segmentation of ICH and IVH was developed using a dataset composed of 977 CT images (all contained ICH, and 338 contained IVH; a five‐fold cross‐validation procedure was adopted for training and internal validation), and externally tested using an independent dataset consisting of 375 CT images (all contained ICH, and 105 contained IVH). The performance of REUnet was compared with six other advanced deep learning models. Subsequently, three approaches, including Prototype Segmentation (ProtoSeg), Test Time Dropout (TTD), and Test Time Augmentation (TTA), were employed to derive segmentation quality scores in the absence of ground truth to provide a way to assess the segmentation quality in real practice.

Results

For ICH segmentation, the median (lower‐quantile—upper quantile) of Dice scores obtained from REUnet were 0.932 (0.898–0.953) for internal validation and 0.888 (0.859–0.916) for external test, both of which were better than those of other models while comparable to that of nnUnet3D in external test. For IVH segmentation, the Dice scores obtained from REUnet were 0.826 (0.757–0.868) for internal validation and 0.777 (0.693–0.827) for external tests, which were better than those of all other models. The concordance correlation coefficients between the volumes estimated from the REUnet‐generated segmentations and those from the manual segmentations for both ICH and IVH ranged from 0.944 to 0.987. For IVH segmentation quality assessment, the segmentation quality score derived from ProtoSeg was correlated with the Dice Score (Spearman r = 0.752 for the external test) and performed better than those from TTD (Spearman r = 0.718) and TTA (Spearman r = 0.260) in the external test. By setting a threshold to the segmentation quality score, we were able to identify low‐quality IVH segmentation results by ProtoSeg.

Conclusions

The proposed REUnet offers a promising tool for accurate and automated segmentation of ICH and IVH, and for effective IVH segmentation quality assessment, and thus exhibits the potential to facilitate therapeutic decision‐making for patients with spontaneous ICH in clinical practice.
Kombucha–Chlorella–Proteinoid Biosynthetic Classifiers of Audio Signals
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Nikolaidou Anna , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: August 2024

This paper describes the development of a bioinspired composite material capable of audio classification applications. Hydrogel matrices produced by microorganisms combined with synthetic biology elements, allow for the development of adaptable bioelectronics that connect biology and technology in a customized way. In this study, a composite population of kombucha, chlorella, and proteinoids (thermal proteins) is utilized to respond to acoustic signals converted to electrical waveforms. The kombucha zoogleal mats, which are made and populated by over 60 species of yeasts and bacteria, offer a matrix at the micro level that is connected to the photosynthetic microalgae chlorella. Proteinoids formed through thermal condensation exhibit unique patterns of signaling kinetics. This living material has the ability to be electrically stimulated and can process signals in a way feasible for sensory applications. Using English alphabet audio inputs, a systematic analysis demonstrates the capability to differentiate audio waveforms based solely on biological composite responses. The use of spectral analysis allows for the identification of specific spike timing patterns that encode unique characteristics of individual letters. Moreover, network disturbances result in specific changes in output, so validating the ability to adjust waveform classification. The study demonstrates that kombucha–chlorella–proteinoid composites provide a durable and versatile bioelectronic platform for immediate auditory processing. The work represents progress toward the development of bioelectronic systems that can be customized based on the principles of biological sensory processing, cognition, and adaptation.
Self‐organizing cooperative hunting for unmanned surface vehicles with constrained kinematics
Authors: Deng Qun , Peng Yan , Mo Tingke , Wang Jinduo , Qu Dong , Xie Yangmin
Published: August 2024

The article aims at solving a cooperative hunting problem for multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to constrained kinematics. In order to cooperatively trap the evader into the hunting domain, a velocity model with control variable for the pursuers is firstly proposed according to the Apollonius circle. Then, a flexible self‐organizing control strategy is developed, which enables the pursuers to approach the evader while forming an encirclement. The pursuers can dynamically adapt their strategies in real‐time by choosing the optimal control variable. Additionally, take into account the limitation imposed on the vessel's motion, the optimal control variable with constraint can be obtained by using the particle swarm optimization with log‐barrier method. The simulation results ultimately demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed cooperative hunting algorithm.
Effect of alkaline protease content on the structure and properties of natural rubber
Authors: Qu Qinglong , Wang Xianning , Liu Shuo , Cui Jiyuan , Xin Zhenxiang , Wang Hongzhen , Ding Shuqiang
Published: August 2024

The solidification technology of natural rubber exerts a significant impact on the properties of natural rubber. The solidification technology of alkaline protease has been highly valued by researchers at home and abroad because of its good solidification effect, excellent vulcanization performance, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of alkaline protease solidification technology and enzyme dosage on the structure and properties of natural rubber were investigated and compared with those of formic acid solidification technology. The solid‐state NMR results showed that increasing the enzyme dosage increased the molecular chain entanglements in the raw rubber. The gel content test results showed that the natural network structures (i.e. gels) increased after the addition of alkaline protease. The test results of the vulcanization characteristics showed that the addition of alkaline protease significantly shortened the positive vulcanization time. The Mw was the largest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%. The test results for mechanical properties showed that the mechanical properties were best when the enzyme dosage was 0.07%. In addition, as the alkaline protease dosage increased, the Akron abrasion volume of natural rubber decreased, and the Akron abrasion volume was the lowest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%.
The influence of process parameters and carbon nanotubes on composite material joints
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Wang Yake , Fan Tao , Wu Zhisheng , Li Yan
Published: August 2024

Through resistance welding experiments, the effects of process parameters and heating elements (HE) on the welding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) composites were studied. Stainless steel mesh was used as the heating element for welding CF/PA6 composites. The mechanical properties of the weld were tested using a universal testing machine, and the internal structure and fracture of the joint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal parameters for welding CF/PA6 composites were determined. In addition, the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the metal mesh significantly improved the welding strength, from 14.016 to 16.31 MPa. The experimental results showed that the optimal parameters included 22A current, 0.3 MPa pressure and 35 s welding time, and the optimal specification of the metal mesh heating element was 200 mesh. The burning time of the metal mesh was 10 s, and the optimum pickling time was 30 s.

Highlights

The matrix of the composite material is nylon 6.

Improved the experimental process for growing carbon nanotubes.

Explore the influence of burning time on welding effect through detection.
Biocompatibility, thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine composites as a potential new endodontic post
Authors: Mora Phattarin , Rimdusit Sarawut , Karagiannidis Panagiotis , Srisorrchart Ukrit , Jubsilp Chanchira
Published: August 2024

A novel dental fiber post from glass fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine (PBZ) composites was developed in this work. The essential properties, that is, chemical characteristics, thermal and biological properties of the PBZ composites were investigated for various glass fiber loadings (10.5, 23.7, 41.2 and 65.1 vol%). Finite element analysis (FEA) was also utilized to observe mechanical behaviors of the tooth model repaired with PBZ composite posts compared to a natural tooth model. The findings reveal that for the fiber‐reinforced PBZ composites not only their thermal properties were significantly improved, but they also showed enhanced cytocompatibility; we found a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12.8 ppm/°C and cell viability of 91.55 for the 65.1 vol% glass fiber‐reinforced PBZ composite. Moreover, samples reinforced with higher glass fiber loadings effectively resulted in the reduction of stress distribution in dentin observed from FEA suggesting protection againt root fractures. Restoration using the PBZ composite post showed the same stress patterns in the dentin‐composite resin‐post interface of the repaired tooth as in the natural tooth model. The results revealed that the glass fiber‐reinforced PBZ composites possess good thermal properties and mechanical behaviors which renders them suitable candidates for biocompatible dental materials.

Highlights

The glass fiber/polybenzoxazine (GF/PBZ) composites had nontoxic properties as evidenced through cell viability, growth and morphology studies.

The thermal expansion of the GF/PBZ composite was similar to that of dentin, promoting adaptation at the dentin‐post interface.

Mechanical behaviors evaluated by FEA of tooth model restored with GF/PBZ composite post were similar to those restored with commercial glass fiber post.

The biocompatible GF/PBZ composite with good thermal and mechanical properties is a promising new candidate material as dental fiber post.
Soybean pod shattering resistance allele pdh1 and marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Shimbwambwa Dora , Nachilima Christabel , Hamabwe Swivia , Kuwabo Kuwabo , Chigeza Godfree , Bilyeu Kristin , Kamfwa Kelvin
Published: August 2024

Pod shattering is a major production constraint of soybean [Glycine max (L.)]. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate heritability for pod shattering resistance, (ii) determine the frequency of the pod shattering resistance allele pdh1 in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) soybean germplasm and Zambian commercial varieties, and (iii) determine the effectiveness of the DNA marker for the pod shattering resistance allele pdh1. A total of 59 genotypes were evaluated for pod shattering in field trials conducted in Malawi and Zambia and genotyped with a marker for pdh1. TGx2002‐8FM and TGx2002‐9FM were the most resistant among genotypes in early and medium maturity classes and can be used for genetic enhancement of pod shattering resistance in these specific maturity classes. Narrow sense heritability estimates for pod shattering ranged from 0.27 to 0.80. Of the 59 genotypes, 57 (96.6%) carried the resistance allele pdh1 while only two genotypes (3.6%) carried the susceptible allele, suggesting near‐fixation of the resistance allele pdh1 in the IITA germplasm. The marker for pdh1 was highly effective in selecting resistant genotypes.
Enhancement of Nonreciprocal Entanglement and Transmission via Phase‐Dependent Unidirectional Coupling
Authors: Wang Nan , Dong Ting‐Ting , Li Shi‐Yan , Yuan Ning , Yu Lin , Zhu Ai‐Dong
Published: August 2024

The nonreciprocal property of quantum systems is crucial for chiral quantum networks. In this study, a phase‐controlled scheme is proposed to enhance the nonreciprocal quantum entanglement and optical transmission in a cavity optomechanical system by introducing a phase‐dependent unidirectional coupling between two whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) resonators. The Sagnac effect induced by the spinning resonator generates nonreciprocity, while the interference effect between direct evanescent coupling and indirect phase‐dependent unidirectional coupling significantly enhances entanglement under the anti‐Stokes sideband. For specific coupling phases, ideal nonreciprocity can be achieved in both entanglement and transmission. The proposed phase‐controlled nonreciprocity presented offers an effective strategy for constructing a unidirectional quantum channel and implementing an optical diode in chiral quantum networks, thereby opening up new possibilities for applications in quantum technologies.
Modified two‐scope technique for transbronchial lung cryobiopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Kho Sze Shyang , Chai Chan Sin , Ismail Adam Malik
Published: August 2024

Bleeding mitigation is an important part of any transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) procedure, either for interstitial lung disease (ILD) or peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). The two‐scope technique has been previously described for ILD and PPL‐TBLC, but it has its own limitations and technical and logistical complexities. In this case series, we describe a modified two‐scope technique that enhances the conventional two‐scope technique by maintaining a small equipment footprint and longer bronchoscopic vision without the need for intra‐procedure switching of bronchoscopes. Three cases of PPLs were navigated by standard radial endobronchial ultrasound and biopsied with the 1.1 mm flexible ultrathin cryoprobe. All cases achieved a conclusive diagnosis with adequate specimens for immunohistochemical staining and molecular analysis; only Grade 1 bleeding reported in two cases. The challenges and limitations of this modified two‐scope technique were also explored in this series.
Central limit theorem for linear eigenvalue statistics of the adjacency matrices of random simplicial complexes
Authors: Kanazawa Shu , Trinh Khanh Duy
Published: August 2024

We study the adjacency matrix of the Linial–Meshulam complex model, which is a higher‐dimensional generalization of the Erdős–Rényi graph model. Recently, Knowles and Rosenthal proved that the empirical spectral distribution of the adjacency matrix is asymptotically given by Wigner's semicircle law in a diluted regime. In this article, we prove a central limit theorem for the linear eigenvalue statistics for test functions of polynomial growth that is of class on a closed interval. The proof is based on higher‐dimensional combinatorial enumerations and concentration properties of random symmetric matrices. Furthermore, when the test function is a polynomial function, we obtain the explicit formula for the variance of the limiting Gaussian distribution.
Applications of biotechnology for enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops
Authors: Mihrete Tesfahun Belay , Workie Melkamu Alemayehu , Bogale Fenta Assefa
Published: August 2024

Horticultural crops, encompassing fruits, vegetables, spices and herbs, play a critical role in providing nutrition and health‐promoting compounds. However, their limited storability challenges producers and exporters, resulting in significant postharvest losses. Traditional preservation methods like cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage and packaging techniques have been employed to prolong shelf life, but they have their constraints. Biotechnological interventions, notably genetic engineering, offer promising avenues to address these limitations. Genetic modifications target physiological processes such as ripening and ethylene production, enhancing resistance to postharvest diseases and improving nutritional profiles. For instance, genetically modified tomatoes with prolonged shelf life and reduced susceptibility to fungal infections showcase the potential of genetic engineering. Similarly, genetic modification has been successfully applied to various horticultural crops like apples, bananas and mushrooms, resulting in decreased browning and heightened disease resistance. Emerging technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and nanoparticle treatments further augment efforts to extend shelf life. Despite their benefits, the debate surrounding genetically modified fruits and vegetables persists due to concerns regarding environmental impact, health implications and ethical considerations. This review offers insights into current practices and research endeavours aimed at enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops through both traditional and biotechnological means, shedding light on opportunities and hurdles in this domain. Future directions include intensifying basic research to unravel molecular processes in harvested tissues, prioritising investigations that directly benefit consumers and developing sustainable and cost‐effective approaches for emerging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and postharvest treatments.
Bridging the gap: Exploring urban resilience and sustainability in Finnish regional development
Authors: Hewidy Hossam , Eräranta Susa
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of urban resilience (UR) and sustainability (US) in Finnish regional planning cultures, focusing on the Helsinki‐Uusimaa and Southwest Finland regions. It highlights the intertwined nature of UR and US, emphasizing the need for clearer distinctions to enhance planning effectiveness. Through comparative case studies, this research explores the role of institutional planning culture in shaping procedural resilience amidst complex socio‐environmental changes. It reveals resource constraints as critical challenges, influencing decision‐making and collaboration across governance levels. Additionally, it underscores the importance of long‐term commitment and integrated regional visions for fostering sustainable development beyond electoral cycles. The paper advocates for an integrated approach to regional development, emphasizing the significance of addressing power dynamics and economic resilience alongside environmental considerations. Overall, it calls for a nuanced understanding of resilience‐sustainability interlinkages to craft more effective and adaptive planning strategies.
Ultralow‐Energy‐Consumption Photosynaptic Transistor Utilizing Conjugated Polymers/Perovskite Quantum Dots Nanocomposites With Ligand Density Optimization
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Hang , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Huang Yu‐Hang , Lin Kai‐Wei , Wu Jing‐Yang , Satoh Toshifumi , Chen Wen‐Chang , Kuo Chi‐Ching
Published: August 2024

The photosynaptic transistor stands as a promising contender for overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck in the realm of photo‐communication. In this context, photonic synaptic transistors is developed through a straightforward solution process, employing an organic semiconducting polymer with pendant‐naphthalene‐containing side chains (PDPPNA) in combination with ligand‐density‐engineered CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). This fabrication approach allows the devices to emulate fundamental synaptic behaviors, encompassing excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, the transition from short‐to‐long‐term memory, and the concept of “learning experience.” Notably, the phototransistor, incorporating the blend of the PDPPNA and CsPbBr3 PQDs washed with ethyl acetate, achieved an exceptional memory ratio of 104. Simultaneously, the same device exhibited an impressive paired‐pulse facilitation ratio of 223% at a moderate operating voltage of −4 V and an extraordinarily low energy consumption of 0.215 aJ at an ultralow operating voltage of −0.1 mV. Consequently, these low‐voltage synaptic devices, constructed with a pendant side‐chain engineering of organic semiconductors and a ligand density engineering of PQDs through a simple fabrication process, exhibit substantial potential for replicating the visual memory capabilities of the human brain.
Combining Protein Phase Separation and Bio‐orthogonal Linking to Coimmobilize Enzymes for Cascade Biocatalysis
Authors: Wu Shujiao , Luo Lingling , Luo Houtian , Qiao Li , Chen Haomin , Li Mijun , Pei Xiaolin , Xie Tian , Wang Anming , Sheldon Roger A.
Published: August 2024

The designed and ordered co‐immobilization of multiple enzymes for vectorial biocatalysis is challenging. Here, a combination of protein phase separation and bioorthogonal linking is used to generate a zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) containing co‐immobilized enzymes. Zn2+ ions induce the clustering of minimal protein modules, such as 6‐His tag, proline‐rich motif (PRM) and SRC homology 3 (SH3) domains, and allow for phase separation of the coupled aldoketoreductase (AKR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) at low concentrations. This is achieved by fusing SpyCatcher and PRM‐SH3‐6His peptide fragments to the C and N termini of AKR, respectively, and the SpyTag to ADH. Addition of 2‐methylimidazole results in droplet formation and enables in situ spatial embedding the recombinant AKR and ADH to generate the cascade biocalysis system encapsulated in ZIF‐8 (AAE@ZIF). In synthesizing (S)‐1‐(2‐chlorophenyl) ethanol, ater 6 cycles, the yield can still reach 91%, with 99.99% enantiomeric excess (ee) value for each cycle. However, the yield could only reach 72.9% when traditionally encapsulated AKR and ADH in ZIF‐8 are used. Thus, this work demonstrates that a combination of protein phase separation and bio‐orthogonal linking enables the in situ creation of a stable and spatially organized bi‐enzyme system with enhanced channeling effects in ZIF‐8.
In Situ Formed Composite Polymer Electrolytes Based on Anion‐Trapping Boron Moiety and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chang Chia‐Chi , Shen Min‐Hsien , Hsu Yuan‐Shuo , Teng Hsisheng , Jan Jeng‐Shiung
Published: August 2024

Quasi‐solid and composite polymer electrolytes (QSPEs and CPEs) used in lithium‐ion battery (LIB) have recently been a novel strategy owing to their high‐safety comparing to traditional liquid counterparts. This study reported the preparation of CPEs based on boron moiety, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and octahedral polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) via in situ thermal polymerization method directly onto the lithium anode to improve the interfacial contact and electrochemical performance. The synergistic effect between the incorporation of anion‐trapping boron moiety and in situ polymerization rendered the QSPEs exhibiting higher electrochemical voltage window, ionic conductivity, and transference number as well as better electrochemical performance than the PEG‐based counterpart. Due to the Lewis acid effect, anion‐trapping boron moiety could promote the dissociation of lithium salts, allowing more lithium ions to be in the free state, thereby enhancing the lithium‐ion conductivity. With an optimal addition of POSS, the as‐prepared CPEs exhibited lower overpotential during the lithium plating‐stripping test and better electrochemical performance than the QSPE counterparts. The optimal POSS addition could facilitate the lithium‐ion conduction and establishment of continuous ion pathways, further improving their electrochemical performance. This study pointed a promising approach for developing high performance lithium‐ion batteries.
A systemic analysis of participatory land and water governance in the Tsitsa River Catchment, South Africa
Authors: Fry Anthony , Clifford‐Holmes Jai , Palmer Carolyn
Published: August 2024

Effective governance of complex social‐ecological systems requires diverse stakeholders to be engaged in meaningful participatory processes. Meaningful participation must be intelligible and significant to local actors and coherent within a broader, multilevel governance system. This study explores the complexities of participatory land and water governance in South Africa's Tsitsa River Catchment. Embedded within a transdisciplinary landscape restoration project (the Tsitsa Project), this study combines a diagram‐based analysis of local actor mental models with a narrative‐based analysis of participant observation data. Challenges, opportunities, and general principles are identified. Limited accessibility, resource constraints, and the legacy of centralised governance impede participation. The research identifies the critical role of local actors, particularly those with deep community ties, in driving inclusive processes. Building trust through face‐to‐face interactions and culturally appropriate communication strategies also emerged as vital elements for success. This research can inform participatory projects and interventions in rural and developing world contexts.
Reframing resilience as a systemic issue: Meta‐competencies that transform individuals and learning ecologies
Authors: Potts Monique , Le Hunte Bem
Published: August 2024

Educational systems in Australia are currently in a state of flux and disruption, with student mental health and engagement at crisis levels. Educators need help keeping students engaged and providing the skills and competencies to navigate uncertain futures. Addressing this challenge, our study examines a proposed set of meta‐competencies (or systemic competencies) required for a systems reboot within our educational institutions. These meta‐competencies are agency, adaptability, creativity, compassion, interbeing, self‐awareness and reflexivity. This study analyses the application of these meta‐competencies for transformative resilience or transilience in a secondary school setting, examining how systems awareness and self‐awareness cannot be separated from the rest of the curricula. Using participatory action research methodologies and awareness‐based systems change, this research demonstrates that agency, self‐awareness and systems awareness can engage students in profound ways to create a new generation of systemic changemakers.
Hazing prevention insights from related research
Authors: Biddix J. Patrick , Kilmer Jason R. , Turrisi Rob
Published: August 2024

Hazing is a form of violence that can have short‐ and long‐term physical, emotional, and psychological impacts on individuals and communities. This article reviews existing approaches for addressing public health challenges adjacent to hazing such as school violence, bullying, and sexual violence. Employing evidence‐based strategies that are effective in these contexts, such as increasing protective factors for individuals, reshaping group dynamics, and shifting social norms through multi‐tiered intervention, may be effective for hazing prevention. The article concludes with recommendations to guide hazing intervention and educational efforts.
Contemporary hazing prevention initiatives and efforts
Authors: Sasso Pietro A. , Bruce Susan , Hart Lori , Davis Kayle J.
Published: August 2024

Hazing prevention and education efforts continue to evolve in response to changing student behavior. The organic and anomic nature of hazing is deeply embedded in higher education, permeating across campus reinforced by cultural norms and institutional practices. While numerous approaches attempt to disrupt hazing, public health approaches, particularly those that involve and engage students, offer new promise in facilitating sustained culture change against hazing.
Torque Performance Analysis of Asymmetric Magnetic Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Gao Mingling , Xu Mingjun , Yu Chenglong , Zhang Yufeng , Yin Hongbin , Yan Shilong , Hu Wenjing , Geng Kai
Published: August 2024

In view of the problem of large torque ripple and poor output performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor, a new topology of asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and the torque ripple of this motor structure and the suppression method are analyzed. First, the equivalent magnetic circuit method and Lorentz force law are used to derive the analytical formula of torque ripple of the motor. Then, based on the analytical formula, the parameters of permanent magnet of the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor are optimized and verified by finite element software simulation; on this basis, the method of rotor eccentricity is used to further weaken the torque ripple of the motor, and the optimal eccentricity distance is analyzed. The research shows that when the parameters of the magnetic pole of the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor is appropriate, the harmonic content of the air gap magnetic density of the optimized motor is greatly reduced, and the motor has good output characteristics, and the torque ripple is reduced to 5.4%. Finally, the prototype is trial‐manufactured and tested. The results show that after optimization, the cogging torque of the motor is reduced, the torque output performance is improved, and the overall motor performance is improved. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Ilex triflora Bl.
Authors: Nga Tran Thi , Diep Trinh Thi
Published: August 2024

Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the leaves of Ilex triflora Bl. collected in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, using a combination of fractionation and various chromatographic methods. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, COSY, and ESI‐MS spectroscopic techniques. The identified compounds were ilekudinoside R, 3‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl‐α‐kudinlactone, kudinoside A, and latifoloside A. This is the first time these saponins were isolated from Ilex triflora Bl.
The use of hyperinsulinemia‐euglycaemia therapy in the treatment of amlodipine overdose in a dog
Authors: Ellis Connor , Odunayo Adesola
Published: August 2024

A 1‐year‐old, female, spayed, mixed breed dog presented for lethargy, ataxia and possible ingestion of amlodipine. Based on clinical signs, history and clinicopathological findings, a diagnosis of amlodipine toxicosis was made. The patient's clinical signs and bloodwork derangements were refractory to traditional medical management for calcium channel blocker toxicosis, but a significant improvement was made after initiation of hyperinsulinemia‐euglycaemia therapy. The dog survived and made a full recovery. The use of hyperinsulinemia‐euglycaemia therapy for amlodipine toxicosis has not previously been reported in dogs. Hyperinsulinemia‐euglycaemia therapy can be used for treatment of hypotension as well as other clinical signs associated with calcium channel blocker toxicosis. The use of hyperinsulinemia‐euglycaemia therapy should be considered for amlodipine toxicosis in dogs.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distribution, origins, and risk evaluation in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast sediments
Authors: Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Elkatory Marwa R. , El Nemr Ahmed
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted on 31 surface sediments located in different sectors of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The sediments were analyzed for their pollution levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The sediments were collected from various depths in harbors, coastal lakes, bays, and lagoons, covering the southeastern Mediterranean of the Nile Delta region. The study aimed at determining the distribution, origin, and potential ecological impact of OCP and PCB pollutants. The researchers used the SRM method of GC‐MS/MS to measure the concentration of 18 PCBs and 16 OCPs residues. The study found that the total concentration of OCPs in the samples ranged from 3.091 to 20.512 ng/g, with a mean of 8.749 ± 3.677 ng/g. The total concentration of PCB residues ranged from 2.926 to 20.77 ng/g, with a mean of 5.68 ± 3.282 ng/g. The concentration of DDTs exceeded the effect range low (ERL) (1.00) and threshold effect level (TEL) (1.19) in several stations, but it was still below the effect range median (ERM) (7.00) and the probable effect level (PEL) (4.77). This indicates a low ecological risk. The principal component analysis (PCA) was also conducted to determine the sources of all pollutants in the sediment. The PCA showed significant correlations between the concentrations of Gama‐HCH and Beta‐HCH (0.741), suggesting similar sources.

Practitioner Points

OCPs and PCBs residues were analyzed in the sediment of the southeastern Mediterranean.

The concentration, existence, and causes of OCPs and PCBs were investigated.

OCPs and PCBs ecological risk and ecotoxicological calculation were investigated in detail.

Cluster analysis, PCA, and correlation coefficient were also investigated.