bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Management with Remimazolam in an Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Patient with a History of Stable Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Report
Authors: Iwanaga Hiroki , Aoki Hiroshi , Terao Yoshiaki , Fujimoto Ekuko , Oji Makito , Oji Natsuko , Hara Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

Aims: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) may cause sudden and unexpected deaths during the perioperative period. This study reports a case of ARVC, safely managed using total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam.

Presentation of Case: A 51-year-old male patient (weight: 100.1 kg, height: 171.0 cm) with a history of ARVC underwent open cholecystectomy. The patient underwent total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam, remifentanil, and a modified thoracoabdominal nerves block perichondrial approach for postoperative analgesia. Hemodynamic stability was maintained throughout the surgery. Catecholamine use was not warranted during the perioperative period. No episodes of stable sustained ventricular tachycardia or other cardiovascular episodes were observed.

Discussion and Conclusion: ARVC is a genetically-determined heart muscle disease characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in apparently healthy young people. Anesthesiologists should pay close attention to the anesthetic management of patients with ARVC. Remimazolam can be safely used in such cases.
New Insights into the Platform-to-basin Anatomy of the Urgonian Bas-Vivarais Domain (Lower Cretaceous; SE France)
Authors: Frau Camille , Tendil Anthony J. B. , Lanteaume Cyprien
Published: July 2023

This paper offers a new contribution to our ongoing harmonization efforts concerning the chronostratigraphic model of the southern France Urgonian-type carbonate platforms, which surrounded the Vocontian Basin during the Early Cretaceous. A multi-stratigraphic approach on the classical sections of the Ardèche River gorges and the Saint-Remèze Plateau have been used for reconstructing the evolution of the Bas-Vivarais Urgonian domain along an inner-to-outer platform profile; the latter being nearly perpendicular to the eastern Vocontian platform margin. In our transect, the installation and first developments of the Urgonian platform domain occured during the early Barremian Taveraidiscus hugii and Kotetishvilia nicklesi ammonite zones. This first platform stage was interrupted at a brief emersion episode that lasted through the Nicklesia pulchella ammonite zone, and resulted in the deposition of a sedimentary wedge with limited gradual downward, basinward shift in inner platform facies. This was followed by the regional deposition of shallow-water communities dominated by corals, echinoids, and orbitolinids, which passes basinward into open-marine, ammonite-bearing marly deposits in the Saint-Remèze Plateau outcrops. This change in facies was previously referred to as the Serre de Tourre Beds (STB), and dated to the Kotetishvilia compressissima and Moutoniceras moutonianum ammonite zones. The STB are further identified to as the local sedimentary expression of the Mid-Barremian Event recording a brief warming climate pulse testified by the presence of Offneria simplex, a caprinid rudist of Caribbean origin. Above, there is a regional recovery of inner platform Urgonian facies during the early late Barremian showing a striking progradational basinward trend. The latter, and its subsequent developments are in need of investigations. Taken together, the general evolution of the Urgonian Bas-Vivarais domain shows strong similarities with the sedimentary context of the nearby Subalpine Urgonian platform during the early Barremian. The finding of common sedimentary signals is more difficult with the Provence platform domain at that time.
α-Solanine Suppresses Glioblastoma Multiforme Growth and Metastatic Properties by Modulating the Apoptosis-autophagy Axis
Authors: Cuschieri Andrea , Baron Byron
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis despite optimal treatment. Recent studies have shown the potential of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents. α-solanine, derived from plants of the Solanum genus, is a promising molecule in this regard. This study investigated the efficacy of α-solanine compared to temozolomide (TMZ) against GBM cell lines (U87MG, U251, and T98G) in vitro.

Methods: In-vitro assays were conducted to assess the viability, migration, invasion, and mode of cell death of U87MG, U251 and T98G GBM cell lines following α-solanine treatment in comparison to TMZ. Rt-qPCR and proteome profiling were conducted to investigate the changes induced by α-solanine on a molecular level.

Results: α-solanine demonstrated potent cytotoxicity on all GBM lines, with IC50 values ranging from 19.66 µM to 22.87 µM between cell lines tested, and significantly inhibited GBM cell migration compared to TMZ treatment. RNA and protein level assays indicated upregulation of both apoptotic and autophagy proteins, suggesting the involvement of BECN1 and BNIP3L in α-solanine-induced cell death.

Discussion and Conclusion: These findings contribute to the search for effective GBM treatments. Future studies should increase the number of biological replicates, employ alternative methods to strengthen the findings, and conduct in vivo experiments and testing using patient-derived GBM tissue to better evaluate any therapeutic suitability of and fully understand the mode of action of α-solanine on GBM.
Women Entrepreneurship: An Instinctive Approach or Stroke of Luck
Authors: Vasoya N. H.
Published: July 2023

Entrepreneurship, known for its dynamic nature, has traditionally been associated with men, while women were primarily seen as homemakers. However, the landscape is changing with urbanization, although rural areas still face significant challenges. Rural women are gradually breaking free from the constraints that confined them to their homes, and an increasing number of them are venturing into entrepreneurship. This study aimed to explore the motivations that drive rural women to become entrepreneurs, whether it arises from an intrinsic desire or external circumstances. The researchers focused on semi-urban revenue circles in the Rajkot district of Gujarat, where 150 women entrepreneurs were surveyed. The study found that women were primarily influenced by pushing factors rather than external circumstances. Additionally, it highlighted the crucial role played by family members in supporting women entrepreneurs in their business endeavors. As rural women continue to pursue entrepreneurship, they should not overlook the invaluable assistance provided by their families.
Use of Wastewater Metrics to Track COVID-19 in the US
Authors: Varkila Meri R. J. , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Salomon Joshua A. , Yu Xue , Block Geoffrey A. , Owens Douglas K. , Chertow Glenn M. , Parsonnet Julie , Anand Shuchi
Published: July 2023

Importance

Widespread use of at-home COVID-19 tests hampers determination of community COVID-19 incidence.

Objective

To examine the association of county-level wastewater metrics with high case and hospitalization rates nationwide both before and after widespread use of at-home tests.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational cohort study with a time series analysis was conducted from January to September 2022 in 268 US counties in 22 states participating in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Wastewater Surveillance System. Participants included the populations of those US counties.

Exposures

County level of circulating SARS-CoV-2 as determined by metrics based on viral wastewater concentration relative to the county maximum (ie, wastewater percentile) and 15-day percentage change in SARS-CoV-2 (ie, percentage change).

Main Outcomes and Measures

High county incidence of COVID-19 as evidenced by dichotomized reported cases (current cases ≥200 per 100 000 population) and hospitalization (≥10 per 100 000 population lagged by 2 weeks) rates, stratified by calendar quarter.

Results

In the first quarter of 2022, use of the wastewater percentile detected high reported case (area under the curve [AUC], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.96) and hospitalization (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84-0.88) rates. The percentage change metric performed poorly, with AUCs ranging from 0.51 (95% CI, 0.50-0.53) to 0.57 (95% CI, 0.55-0.59) for reported new cases, and from 0.50 (95% CI, 0.48-0.52) to 0.55 (95% CI, 0.53-0.57) for hospitalizations across the first 3 quarters of 2022. The Youden index for detecting high case rates was wastewater percentile of 51% (sensitivity, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80-0.84; specificity, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95). A model inclusive of both metrics performed no better than using wastewater percentile alone. The performance of wastewater percentile declined over time for cases in the second quarter (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82-0.86) and third quarter (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.70-0.75) of 2022.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, nationwide, county wastewater levels relative to the county maximum were associated with high COVID-19 case and hospitalization rates in the first quarter of 2022, but there was increasing dissociation between wastewater and clinical metrics in subsequent quarters, which may reflect increasing underreporting of cases, reduced testing, and possibly lower virulence of infection due to vaccines and treatments. This study offers a strategy to operationalize county wastewater percentile to improve the accurate assessment of community SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence when reliability of conventional surveillance data is declining.
Lysosome‐dependent FOXA1 ubiquitination contributes to luminal lineage of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Celada Sherly I. , Li Guoliang , Celada Lindsay J. , Lu Wenfu , Kanagasabai Thanigaivelan , Feng Weiran , Cao Zhen , Salsabeel Nazifa , Mao Ninghui , Brown LaKendria K. , Mark Zaniya A. , Izban Michael G. , Ballard Billy R. , Zhou Xinchun , Adunyah Samuel E. , Matusik Robert J. , Wang Xiaofei , Chen Zhenbang
Published: July 2023

Changes in FOXA1 (forkhead box protein A1) protein levels are well associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Unfortunately, direct targeting of FOXA1 in progressive PCa remains challenging due to variations in FOXA1 protein levels, increased FOXA1 mutations at different stages of PCa, and elusive post‐translational FOXA1 regulating mechanisms. Here, we show that SKP2 (S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2) catalyzes K6‐ and K29‐linked polyubiquitination of FOXA1 for lysosomal‐dependent degradation. Our data indicate increased SKP2:FOXA1 protein ratios in stage IV human PCa compared to stages I–III, together with a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.9659) between SKP2 and FOXA1 levels, suggesting that SKP2–FOXA1 protein interactions play a significant role in PCa progression. Prostate tumors of Pten/Trp53 mice displayed increased Skp2–Foxa1–Pcna signaling and colocalization, whereas disruption of the Skp2–Foxa1 interplay in Pten/Trp53/Skp2 triple‐null mice demonstrated decreased Pcna levels and increased expression of Foxa1 and luminal positive cells. Treatment of xenograft mice with the SKP2 inhibitor SZL P1‐41 decreased tumor proliferation, SKP2:FOXA1 ratios, and colocalization. Thus, our results highlight the significance of the SKP2–FOXA1 interplay on the luminal lineage in PCa and the potential of therapeutically targeting FOXA1 through SKP2 to improve PCa control.
Radiation dose considerations in digital radiography with an anti‐scatter grid: A study using adult and pediatric phantoms
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Ichikawa Katsuhiro , Kitao Azusa , Matsubara Takashi , Sugiura Takumi , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Kobayashi Satoshi
Published: July 2023

Background

When using an anti‐scatter grid, a decrease in receptor dose caused by its X‐ray absorption seems to lead to the misperception that radiation dose needs to be increased even in digital radiography (DR).

Objective

To demonstrate that there is no need to increase radiation dose in DR with a grid, based on a visual evaluation using an adult and a pediatric abdomen phantom (PAD and PPD, respectively).

Materials and methods

Phantom images with and without a grid were obtained with exposure parameters determined based on a preliminarily measured signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement factor (SIF), an index for potential dose reduction when using a grid. In visual evaluation, four radiologists compared phantom images with a grid applied at different dose reduction rates (0% [no reduction], 18%, 36%, and 59% for PAD and 0% and 11% for PPD) against an image without a grid at the baseline dose (as the reference). They graded the overall image quality of the former relative to that of the latter (reference) on a 3‐point scale (3 = better, 2 = almost equal, 1 = worse).

Results

The mean scores for dose reduction rates of 0%, 18%, 36%, and 59% were 3.00, 3.00, 2.75, and 1.00, respectively, for PAD; those for 0% and 11% were 2.13 and 1.63, respectively, for PPD. These results support the validity of our view that no dose increase is necessary when using an anti‐scatter grid. Actually, there is even a potential for improvement in image quality with dose reduction rates of ≤36% for PAD.

Conclusion

It is worth reconsidering the necessity of increasing radiation dose in the DR imaging of the adult and pediatric abdomens with an anti‐scatter grid.
Infantile‐onset parkinsonism, dyskinesia, and developmental delay: do not forget polyglutamine defects!
Authors: Baide‐Mairena Heidy , Coget Arthur , Leboucq Nicolas , Procaccio Vincent , Blanluet Maud , Meyer Pierre , Malinge Marie‐Claire , François‐Heude Marie‐Céline , Moreno Mathis , Geneviève David , Marelli Cecilia , Roubertie Agathe
Published: July 2023

We present the phenotype of an infant with the largest ATN1 CAG expansion reported to date (98 repeats). He presented at 4 months with developmental delay, poor eye contact, acquired microcephaly, failure to thrive. He progressively developed dystonia‐parkinsonism with paroxysmal oromandibular and limbs dyskinesia and fatal outcome at 17 months. Cerebral MRI disclosed globus pallidus T2‐WI hyperintensities and brain atrophy. Molecular analysis was performed post‐mortem following the diagnosis of dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) in his symptomatic father. Polyglutamine expansion defects should be considered when neurodegenerative genetic disease is suspected even in infancy and parkinsonism can be a presentation of infantile‐onset DRPLA.
Temperature monitoring system of beer fermentation and brewing based on immune fuzzy PID controller
Authors: Song Fanfeng , Meng Xiangtian , Chen Zhiqiang
Published: July 2023

Beer is one of the popular drinks, the temperature control in the process of beer fermentation plays a crucial role. The current temperature control method mainly uses the traditional PID control, but its control adjustment time is long, the overshoot is large, the control effect still needs to be improved. A beer fermentation and brewing temperature monitoring system based on immune fuzzy PID controller was designed in this experiment. Immune fuzzy PID controller is a nonlinear controller, which combines the advantages of traditional PID controller and fuzzy controller and refers to the regulatory mechanism of biological immune system, and obtains good suitable characteristics by controlling the parameter values of the system. PID converts the rule information into fuzzy information by fuzzy basic theory and stores it in computer database. By referring to the actual situation of PID, the computer uses fuzzy reasoning to adjust the PID parameters. The beer fermentation temperature monitoring system based on the traditional PID controller is compared with the proposed system. Under the control of the designed temperature monitoring system, the temperature has a certain effect on the fermentation speed of beer. The fermentation time of high temperature fermentation (16°C) is 3 days shorter than that of normal temperature fermentation (10°C). The robustness and applicability of the system are verified.
Application of Biodegradable Materials in Oil‐Spill Cleanup: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bhagwat Sanjay B. , Jaspal Dipika
Published: July 2023

During the transportation of oil, various oil‐spill incidents are reported. The utilization of oil sorbents for the treatment of oil spills is a promising approach among the all‐existing solutions. Nonbiodegradability and non‐renewability are the two major issues in the case of synthetic oil sorbents. In this review, the use of biodegradable polymers for oil‐spill cleanup is highlighted. In each section, the biodegradable materials and modifiers used, the method applied for a modification, the contact angle after modification, sorption capacities, and the reusability of developed biodegradable sorbents are extensively discussed. Mechanisms of biodegradation of biopolymers are also discussed. The manuscript also incorporates the recent developments in the fabrications of advanced sorbents with sustainable approaches along with challenges associated with current sorbents and future prospects.
Ladderlike Polyphenylsesquioxane‐Doped Cellulose Insulation Paper with Upgraded Mechanical Strength
Authors: Zeng Zhenglin , Su Ziming , Wang Zuhao , Tan Weimin , Tang Chao
Published: July 2023

Ladderlike polyphenylsesquioxane (L‐PPSQ) with special planar ladder structure is significant to upgrade the mechanical strength of cellulose insulation paper. In this study, the effect of different content of L‐PPSQ on mechanical properties and dielectric properties of cellulose is first investigated by molecular simulation, and then insulation paper doped with L‐PPSQ is prepared for experimental verification. It is indicated in the simulation results that the elastic modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of the cellulose are enhanced up to 36.82%, 27.96%, and 41.80%, respectively, when L‐PPSQ is added at 3 wt%, and the cellulose model with 3 wt% L‐PPSQ possesses the lowest dielectric constant. The reason is that L‐PPSQ can enhance the hydrogen bonding network of cellulose, weaken the degree of molecular chain motion, and strengthen the strength of molecular chains, which in turn manifests as the enhancement of mechanical strength. It is shown in the experimental results that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite insulation paper can be enhanced by 16.7% and 35.09% when the L‐PPSQ content is 3 wt%, which is consistent with the simulation results. The short‐term aging test shows that L‐PPSQ can also upgrade the mechanical strength of the insulation paper at high temperatures.
Neutral Stable Nitrogen‐Centered Radicals: Structure, Properties, and Recent Functional Application Progress
Authors: Gao Shengxiang , Li Feng
Published: July 2023

Persistent and stable nitrogen‐centered organic radicals, including non‐heterocyclic/heterocyclic nitrogen‐centered radicals and nitrogen‐centered radical complexes, have attracted much attention due to their special multiple physical properties. Up to now, numerous nitrogen‐centered radical materials have been developed and applied as functional materials in magnetic, electronic, optical, and biologic fields. This review aims to discuss their structural features, physical properties, and recent progress in materials applications. Finally, an outlook providing inspiration for the future development is given.
Ultrahigh and Tunable Negative Photoresponse in Organic‐Gated Carbon Nanotube Film Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Li Wei , Zhou Shaoyuan , Xia Xiaolu , Wang Ying , Yang Kaixuan , Hao Tong , Zhang XinYue , Yang Qi , Ni Zhenyu , Jiang Jianhua , Si Jia , Zhang Fujun , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: July 2023

Negative photoconductance (NPC) detectors have attracted continuous attention for constructing advanced and novel optoelectronic devices, including reconfigurable image sensors and optosynaptic systems, especially by combining NPC with positive photoconductance (PPC). However, NPC devices suffer from much lower photosensitivity, slower response speed, and poor stability, especially in the infrared range. In this work, controllable NPC detectors based on organic‐gated carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (OG‐CNT FETs) are reported and the strong influence of light‐induced electrostatic doping on the nonconventional photoresponse is demonstrated. The PM6/Y6‐based heterojunction allows efficient near‐infrared light absorption and facilitates exciton diffusion. By introducing a floating gate structure with an ultrathin dielectric layer, the OG‐CNT FET shows an enhanced NPC effect owing to in situ signal amplification. Compared to other device configurations, the optimal  OG‐CNT FETs exhibit high responsivity of 72.6 A W−1 at 880 nm, along with improved response/recovery times of 7 and 5 ms. Impressively, gate‐tunable switching between NPC and PPC is observed under the same light illumination. The reversible switching can be attributed to the competition between the light‐controlled electrostatic coupling and the PM6/Y6 photovoltaic effect, which offers a new approach to achieve bidirectional photoresponses and paves the way for the development of future multifunctional optoelectronic systems.
Locking Water Molecules Loss of PAA Hydrogel for Flexible Zinc‐Air Battery with NaCl Doping
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Wang Keliang , Fu Yixuan , Zuo Yayu , Wei Manhui , Xiong Jianyin , Wang Hengwei , Zhang Pengfei , Shang Nuo , Zhong Daiyuan , Pei Pucheng
Published: July 2023

Flexible zinc‐air batteries have received widespread attention due to their high specific energy and eco‐friendly environment. However, the water in the hydrogel is easily lost to the external environment because of the semi‐open structure zinc‐air batteries, leading to performance degradation of the batteries. Here a saline gel of NaCl‐KOH‐PAA (sodium chloride‐potassium hydroxide‐polyacrylic acid) without soaking in the alkaline solution before use is designed, refining the grid structure of the hydrogel and reducing water loss through NaCl doping. Meanwhile, the gel exhibits no significant decrease in ion conductivity before and after NaCl doping and can maintain stability of around 170 and 150 mS cm−1 at room temperature and −20 °C, respectively. The results demonstrate that the lifetime of flexible zinc‐air batteries with NaCl‐doped hydrogel can be extended by nearly 50%. The NaCl doping gel also displays superior flexibility under extreme physical deformation conditions. Moreover, the phenomenon of hydrogel delamination with NaCl doping is observed and the mechanism of gel water retention is uncovered. These findings will pave the way for developing flexible zinc‐air battery.
Ternary Heterostructures Based on BaTiO3/MoO3/Ag for Highly Efficient and Reusable Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Alex Kevin V. , Silva José P. B. , Kamakshi Koppole , Sekhar Koppole C.
Published: July 2023

This work shows the fabrication of an efficient ternary heterostructure photocatalyst by integrating ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) as the bottom layer, semiconductor MoO3 as the middle layer and plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as the top layer, respectively. The BaTiO3/MoO3/Ag (BMA) heterostructure exhibits a higher photodegradation and photocatalytic efficiency of 100% for rhodamine B (RhB) dye under a UV–Visible light illumination of 60 min when compared with its binary heterostructure counterparts BaTiO3/Ag (BA) and MoO3/Ag (MA). The increased photocatalytic activity in BMA heterostructure is attributed to its enhanced interfacial electric field due to the electric double layer formation at BTO‐MoO3 and MoO3‐Ag interfaces. The higher blueshift in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak observed for the BMA heterostructure clearly indicates an increased electron transfer toward the top Ag NPs layer under optical illumination. The higher resistive switching (RS) ratio, the increased difference in voltage minima, and the improved photocurrent generation, as evident from the I–V characteristics, illustrate the enhanced charge carrier generation and separation in BMA heterostructure. A smaller arc radius observed for the Nyquist plot of BMA heterostructure clearly showcases its increased interfacial charge transfer (CT). The CT mechanism and reusability of the BMA heterostructure are also studied.
Automatic Screen‐out of Ir(III) Complex Emitters by Combined Machine Learning and Computational Analysis
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Liu Jiapeng , Jiang Tong , Chen Mohan , Dai Fuzhi , Gao Zhifeng , Ke Guolin , Zhao Zifeng , Ou Qi
Published: July 2023

The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) has gained widespread commercial use, yet there is a continuous need to identify innovative emitters that offer higher efficiency and a broader color gamut. To effectively screen out promising OLED molecules that are yet to be synthesized, representation learning aided high throughput virtual screening (HTVS) over millions of Ir(III) complexes, which are prototypical types of phosphorescent OLED material constructed via a random combination of 278 reported ligands. This study successfully screens out a decent amount of promising candidates for both display and lighting purposes, which are worth further experimental investigation. The high efficiency and accuracy of this model are largely attributed to the pioneering attempt of using representation learning to organic luminescent molecules, which is initiated by a pre‐training procedure with over 1.6 million 3D molecular structures and frontier orbital energies predicted via semi‐empirical methods, followed by a fine‐tuning scheme via the quantum mechanical computed properties over around 1500 candidates. Such workflow enables an effective model construction process that is otherwise hindered by the scarcity of labeled data and can be straightforwardly extended to the discovery of other novel materials.
On the Impact of Cadmium Sulfide Layer Thickness on Kesterite Photodetector Performance
Authors: Zeiske Stefan , Kaiser Christina , Sandberg Oskar J. , Ericson Tove , Meredith Paul , Platzer‐Björkman Charlotte , Armin Ardalan
Published: July 2023

Kesterites are currently viewed as one of the most promising candidates for earth abundant and benign elements to substitute critical raw materials in photovoltaic technologies and may also be suitable for low‐noise, room‐temperature, self‐powered photodetectors. However, while the impact of buffer layers on kesterite solar cell efficiency has been an active area of investigation, links between photodetector performance and intermediate layers are yet to be addressed. Herein, the impact of cadmium sulfide buffer layers on the performance of kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) photodetectors is probed. Specifically, the effect of buffer layer thickness on various photodetector performance metrices is clarified, including noise current, spectral responsivity, noise equivalent power, frequency response, and specific detectivity. Devices with a 100 nm cadmium sulfide layer perform the best, achieving a linear dynamic range of 180 dB and frequency responses in the range of tens of kHz. The key loss mechanisms are identified, and it is found that the photodetector performance to be primarily limited by shunt resistance‐induced thermal noise and defect‐induced nonradiative losses. Furthermore, we estimate the upper radiative limit of specific detectivity to be approximately Jones. Our results highlight the potential of kesterites to be used as an interesting earth abundant candidate for photodetection applications.
All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: Rapid Development of Thin Film Photovoltaic Technology
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Yin Xingtian , Iqbal Shoaib , Que Wenxiu
Published: July 2023

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials have attracted wide attention and research because of their adjustable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and simple preparation methods. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction perovskite cells has increased from 3.8% to 26% in recent years. Using bandgap complementary photovoltaic technology to pair wide‐bandgap with low bandgap perovskites to build all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (all‐PTSCs) is one of the best strategies to break the limitation of Shockley‐Queisser (SQ), which is expected to obtain a PCE higher than 30% at low cost. In this brief review, the structure and working principle of all‐PTSCs is first introduced. Then the latest progress of each component of tandem devices is reviewed according to the two different tandem modes of 2‐terminal (2‐T) and 4‐terminal (4‐T). Besides, the existing problems and optimization strategies of different components are discussed. Finally, the future development of all‐PTSCs is prospected.
Reversing A Decades‐Long Scaling Law of Dielectric Breakdown using Hydrogen‐Plasma‐Treated HfO2 ReRAM Devices
Authors: Wu Ernest Y. , Ando Takashi , Jamison Paul
Published: July 2023

Dielectric breakdown (BD) is known to cause component failure in electronic devices and high‐voltage power lines over many decades. In recent years, this failure mechanism has been exploited to intentionally form nanoscale filaments in resistive random‐access‐memory (ReRAM) devices for artificial intelligence (AI). The statistical nature of this failure mechanism, known as the inverse size scaling law based on the weakest‐link theory, dictates the ever‐higher forming voltages for ReRAM devices, in turn, requiring additional peripheral transistors. This law also causes diminishing lifetimes of electronic components for future generations of very‐large‐integrated circuits (VLSI) technology. Currently, the semiconductor industry faces these scaling barriers limiting the miniaturization of both VLSI and AI hardware technology. Here, experimental evidence of a reverse area dependence is presented by introducing an innovative fabrication process with a hydrogen‐plasma‐treated layer in a bilayer HfO2 structure. Using joint order statistics rather than traditional extreme‐value statistics, a physics‐based statistical model is developed in agreement with the experimental data, thus demonstrating that there is no fundamental reason preventing this law from being reversed or altered. These findings will have a significant impact on both technology scaling and fabrication innovation for electronic and/or bioinspired nanomaterials; moreover, stimulate much research in physics, statistics, and reliability.
Human energetic stress associated with upregulation of spatial cognition
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Stock Jay T.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Evolutionary life history theory has a unique potential to shed light on human adaptive capabilities. Ultra‐endurance challenges are a valuable experimental model allowing the direct testing of phenotypic plasticity via physiological trade‐offs in resource allocation. This enhances our understanding of how the body prioritizes different functions when energetically stressed. However, despite the central role played by the brain in both hominin evolution and metabolic budgeting, cognitive plasticity during energetic deficit remains unstudied.

Materials

We considered human cognitive plasticity under conditions of energetic deficit by evaluating variability in performance in three key cognitive domains. To achieve this, cognitive performance in a sample of 48 athletes (m = 29, f = 19) was assessed before and after competing in multiday ultramarathons.

Results

We demonstrate that under conditions of energetic deficit, performance in tasks of spatial working memory (which assessed ability to store location information, promoting landscape navigation and facilitating resource location and calorie acquisition) increased. In contrast, psychomotor speed (reaction time) remained unchanged and episodic memory performance (ability to recall information about specific events) decreased.

Discussion

We propose that prioritization of spatial working memory performance during conditions of negative energy balance represents an adaptive response due to its role in facilitating calorie acquisition. We discuss these results with reference to a human evolutionary trajectory centred around encephalisation. Encephalisation affords great plasticity, facilitating rapid responses tailored to specific environmental conditions, and allowing humans to increase their capabilities as a phenotypically plastic species.
CALHM2 V136G polymorphism reduces astrocytic ATP release and is associated with depressive symptoms and Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Liao Yang , Wang Yingyi , Tao Qing‐Qing , Yang Chaoguang , Wang Jinlei , Cheng Jinbo , Ma Jun , Wu Zhi‐Ying , Pan Rui‐Yuan , Yuan Zengqiang
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

Depression is considered a prodromal state of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the underlying mechanism(s) by which depression increases the risk of AD are not known.

METHODS

Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was used to determine the CALHM2 variants in AD patients. Cellular and molecular experiments were conducted to investigate the function of CALHM2 V136G mutation. We generated a new genetically engineered Calhm2 V136G mouse model and performed behavioral tests with these mice.

RESULTS

CALHM2 V136G mutation (rs232660) is significantly associated with AD. V136G mutation resulted in loss of the CALHM2 ATP‐release function in astrocytes and impaired synaptic plasticity. Mice homozygous for the Calhm2 V136G allele displayed depressive‐like behaviors that were rescued by administration of exogenous ATP. Moreover, Calhm2 V136G mutation predisposed mice to cognitive decline in old age.

DISCUSSION

CALHM2 dysfunction is a biologically relevant mechanism that may contribute to the observed clinical correlation between depression and AD.
Regional Analysis of Intact and Defective HIV Proviruses in the Brain of Viremic and Virally Suppressed People with HIV
Authors: Angelovich Thomas A. , Cochrane Catherine R. , Zhou Jingling , Tumpach Carolin , Byrnes Sarah J. , Jamal Eddine Janna , Waring Emily , Busman‐Sahay Kathleen , Deleage Claire , Jenkins Trisha A. , Hearps Anna C. , Turville Stuart , Gorry Paul R. , Lewin Sharon R. , Brew Bruce J. , Estes Jacob D. , Roche Michael , Churchill Melissa J.
Published: July 2023

Here, we provide the first regional analysis of intact and defective HIV reservoirs within the brain. Brain tissue from both viremic and virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH) harbored HIV pol DNA in all regions tested, with lower levels present in basal ganglia and cerebellum relative to frontal white matter. Intact proviruses were primarily found in the frontal white matter but also detected in other brain regions of PWH, demonstrating frontal white matter as a major brain reservoir of intact, potentially replication competent HIV DNA that persists despite antiretroviral therapy. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:798–802
Guidelines in Practice: Hand Hygiene
Authors: Speth Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Effective hand hygiene is an important part of infection prevention, especially in perioperative areas. The revised AORN “Guideline for hand hygiene” provides perioperative personnel with evidence‐based practice recommendations for hand hygiene. This article presents an overview of the guideline and discusses specific recommendations for maintaining appropriate fingernail and hand condition; wearing or removing hand and wrist jewelry; performing general hand hygiene; performing surgical hand antisepsis with a traditional hand scrub or surgical hand rub; selecting sinks, faucets, and drains to avoid hand contamination; and implementing quality activities to enhance hand hygiene compliance. It also includes a scenario illustrating how nurses can use the guideline to mitigate hand dermatitis associated with surgical hand antisepsis. Perioperative nurses should review the revised guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations as applicable for their practice.
Emergency Preparedness: Strategies for Maintaining Water Supply Quality and Access for Sterile Processing
Authors: Logan Chanté
Published: July 2023

Sterile processing department (SPD) technicians are responsible for providing properly reprocessed surgical instruments for procedures. They use utility (ie, tap) water for precleaning, cleaning, and disinfection; and critical (ie, treated to remove impurities) water for the final rinse and steam sterilization. Water maintenance personnel should work with SPD personnel to ensure that the facility's water supply meets the quality parameters for hardness, pH, conductivity, chlorides, bacteria, and endotoxins. Inadequate water quality and quantity can affect SPD technicians’ ability to reprocess instruments correctly and may result in pathogen transmission. When water quality concerns arise, SPD personnel should notify perioperative personnel. Health care facilities should have a water management program to address both normal and abnormal water operations and an emergency water supply plan. Pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and natural disasters may disrupt water supplies. Proactive planning for water shortages should help facility leaders respond quickly and effectively when shortages occur.
Clinical Issues — August 2023
Authors: Jones Emily , Wood Amber
Published: July 2023

THIS MONTH

Respiratory protection against surgical smoke from liver tissue

Key words: surgical N95 respirator, surgical smoke, liver tissue, fine and ultrafine particles, particulate matter concentrations.

Local exhaust ventilation and surgical smoke safety

Key words: local exhaust ventilation (LEV), surgical smoke evacuation, medical‐surgical suction, hierarchy of controls, engineering control.

Location of endoscopy storage cabinets

Key words: endoscope; sterile storage; contamination; environmental conditions; heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) design parameters.

Sterility of ultrasound transmission gel

Key words: sterile gel, nonsterile gel, multidose container, ultrasound, outbreaks.
Study on the properties of polydopamine/hexadecyltrimethoxysilane co‐deposition functionalized modified graphene oxide and composite styrene–butadiene–styrene modified asphalt binder
Authors: Li Jing , Xing Susu , Lin Zibo , Zhao Zhenxia , Kong Hao , Liu Yu , Zhang Panpan
Published: July 2023

A composite graphene oxide (GO) modifier was prepared by co‐deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) with hydrophobic function to enhance the interfacial interaction between GO and asphalt. Dopamine as a medium enhances the adhesion of the hydrophobic functional material HDTMS on the surface of GO. And the long alkyl chains of HDTMS molecules greatly reduce the surface free energy and ensure the dispersion stability of composite GO modifier in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. The physical properties of modified asphalt show that the ductility, high‐temperature stability, and viscosity of asphalt can be improved by the addition of PDA/HDTMS composite GO modifiers (DH‐GO). Among them, 0.04% DH‐GO composite SBS modified asphalt binder (DH‐GO/SBSMB) has the best mechanical properties. Compared with 0.05% GO composite SBS modified asphalt binder (GO/SBSMB), the softening point of 0.04% DH‐GO/SBSMB increased by 8.3%, the penetration degree decreased by 9.7%, and the elongation increased by 18.2%. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) and rotational viscosity (RV) tests show that 0.04% DH‐GO/SBSMB has higher high‐temperature stability, plasticity, and viscosity than 0.05%GO/SBSMB, which meets the requirements of asphalt construction specifications.
The 2023 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek , Tedeschi Sara K. , Pascart Tristan , Latourte Augustin , Dalbeth Nicola , Neogi Tuhina , Fuller Amy , Rosenthal Ann , Becce Fabio , Bardin Thomas , Ea Hang Korng , Filippou Georgios , FitzGerald John , Iagnocco AnnaMaria , Lioté Frédéric , McCarthy Geraldine M. , Ramonda Roberta , Richette Pascal , Sivera Francisca , Andres Mariano , Cipolletta Edoardo , Doherty Michael , Pascual Eliseo , Perez‐Ruiz Fernando , So Alexander , Jansen Tim L. , Kohler Minna J. , Stamp Lisa K. , Yinh Janeth , Adinolfi Antonella , Arad Uri , Aung Thanda , Benillouche Eva , Bortoluzzi Alessandra , Dau Jonathan , Maningding Ernest , Fang Meika A. , Figus Fabiana A. , Filippucci Emilio , Haslett Janine , Janssen Matthijs , Kaldas Marian , Kimoto Maryann , Leamy Kelly , Navarro Geraldine M. , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Scirè Carlo , Silvagni Ettore , Sirotti Silvia , Stack John R. , Truong Linh , Xie Chen , Yokose Chio , Hendry Alison M. , Terkeltaub Robert , Taylor William J. , Choi Hyon K.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is prevalent and has diverse presentations, but there are no validated classification criteria for this symptomatic arthritis. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR have developed the first‐ever validated classification criteria for symptomatic CPPD disease.

Methods

Supported by the ACR and EULAR, a multinational group of investigators followed established methodology to develop these disease classification criteria. The group generated lists of candidate items and refined their definitions, collected de‐identified patient profiles, evaluated strengths of associations between candidate items and CPPD disease, developed a classification criteria framework, and used multi‐criterion decision analysis to define criteria weights and a classification threshold score. The criteria were validated in an independent cohort.

Results

Among patients with joint pain, swelling, or tenderness (entry criterion) whose symptoms are not fully explained by an alternative disease (exclusion criterion), the presence of crowned dens syndrome or calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid are sufficient to classify a patient as having CPPD disease. In the absence of these findings, a score >56 points using weighted criteria, comprising clinical features, associated metabolic disorders, and results of laboratory and imaging investigations, can be used to classify as CPPD disease. These criteria had a sensitivity of 92.2% and specificity of 87.9% in the derivation cohort (190 CPPD cases, 148 mimickers), whereas sensitivity was 99.2% and specificity was 92.5% in the validation cohort (251 CPPD cases, 162 mimickers).

Conclusion

The 2023 ACR/EULAR CPPD disease classification criteria have excellent performance characteristics and will facilitate research in this field.
The developmental trajectory of functional excitation‐inhibition balance relates to language abilities in autistic and allistic children
Authors: Plueckebaum Hannah , Meyer Lars , Beck Ann‐Kathrin , Menn Katharina H.
Published: July 2023

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been related to an overall imbalance between the brain's excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) systems. Such an EI imbalance can lead to structural and functional cortical deviances and thus alter information processing in the brain, ultimately giving rise to autism traits. However, the developmental trajectory of EI imbalances across childhood and adolescence has not been investigated yet. Therefore, its relationship to autism traits is not well understood. In the present study, we determined a functional measure of the EI balance (f‐EIB) from resting‐state electrophysiological recordings for a final sample of 92 autistic children from 6 to 17 years of age and 100 allistic (i.e., non‐autistic) children matched by age, sex, and nonverbal‐IQ. We related the developmental trajectory of f‐EIB to behavioral assessments of autism traits as well as language ability. Our results revealed differential EI trajectories for autistic compared to allistic children. Importantly, the developmental trajectory of f‐EIB values related to individual language ability. In particular, elevated excitability in late childhood and early adolescence was linked to decreased listening comprehension. Our findings provide evidence against a general EI imbalance in autistic children when correcting for non‐verbal IQ. Instead, we show that the developmental trajectory of EI balance shares variance with autism trait development at a specific age range. This is consistent with the proposal that the late development of inhibitory brain activity is a key substrate of autism traits.
Serum metabolome profiling, network pharmacology analysis, and experimental validation of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the treatment of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury
Authors: Tao Yi , Yang Ying , Zhu Fei , Wu Mei , Kong Xiangjun , Wang Ping
Published: July 2023

Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (AR) has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, but the specific mechanism underlying its hepatoprotective effect remains unclear. Here, serum metabolomics and network pharmacology were employed to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanism of AR. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups: normal, model, positive, high‐dose AR, middle‐dose AR, and low‐dose AR. The positive group received therapeutic doses of silibinin, whereas the AR‐treated groups received different doses of AR extract once daily. After 10 days of intragastric administration, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with a 50% CCl4 olive oil solution (2 mL/kg) to induce liver injury. Serum and liver samples were obtained, and GC–MS was utilized to monitor changes in serum metabolome. The levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hydrooxproline in serum significantly increased in the model group. On the contrary, AR‐treated group showed a significant decrease in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hydrooxproline. Histopathological observation also revealed that the extent of liver injury was alleviated in the AR‐treated group. Fifty differential metabolites were identified, suggesting that AR may prevent liver damage by modulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.
ADT‐OH synergistically enhanced the antitumor activity of celecoxib in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Xu Huangru , Li Ping , Ma Hailin , Tan Yuanhao , Wang Xiaoyang , Cai Fangfang , Xu Jiaqi , Sun Huisong , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi‐Chun
Published: July 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world, but the research on its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment is still a major challenge in clinical oncology. Thus, there is a pressing requirement to find effective strategies to improve the survival of colon cancer patients.

Methods

Celecoxib has been accounted to be an effective antitumor drug, but may exhibit significant side effects. In recent studies, 5‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione (ADT‐OH), one of the most commonly used reagents for the synthesis of sustained‐release H2S donors, has also been reported to inhibit cancer progression by affecting processes such as cell cycle, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of the combination of ADT‐OH and celecoxib on colorectal cancer through in vitro and in vivo, hoping to achieve better therapeutic effect and reduce the effect of celecoxib on gastric injury through exogenous administration of H2S.

Results

Our results demonstrated that ADT‐OH combined with celecoxib synergistically inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells, altered cell cycle and cytoskeleton, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoted cell apoptosis. Noteworthy, in vivo studies also indicated the excellent antitumor therapeutic effect of the combination therapy without apparent toxicity.

Conclusions

In general, our results provide a reasonable combination strategy of low‐dose ADT‐OH and celecoxib in the preclinical application of colorectal cancer.