bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TELHADO VERDE EM HABITAÇÃO UNIFAMILIAR DIRETRIZES PARA ESCOLHA DOS SISTEMAS CONSTRUTIVOS LAJE X IMPERMEABILIZAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Deusielly Renata , Campos Igor Aureliano Miranda Silva
Published: December 2021

Devido a expansão urbana, as cidades estão passando por dificuldades de comportar a sociedadeb de forma digna, esse fato causa transtornos ao meio ambiente e à humanidade. Este trabalho apresenta a importância do telhado verde, como forma de amenizar os problemas citados, mostrando seus benefícios. O objetivo principal é avaliar qual dos sistemas de laje maciça ou nervurada e impermeabilização rígida ou flexível são mais viáveis tecnicamente e economicamente em se tratando da implantação do telhado verde. Fez-se o estudo da implementação do sistema em uma edificação residencial unifamiliar de dois pavimentos com a cobertura verde do tipo extensiva e acessível localizada na cidade de Barra do Garças - MT. conclui-se que o sistema com melhor viabilidade técnica e econômica foi quando se utilizou laje nervurada com impermeabilização flexível e camada de proteção.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Machado Micheli Kowalczuk , Hoefel João Luiz de Moraes
Published: December 2021

EDITORIAL
OS CENTROS JUDICIÁRIOS DE SOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS E CIDADANIA (CEJUSCS) DE ATIBAIA E JARINU: BREVE APRESENTAÇÃO DE SEU TRABALHO NA ACR CONFERENCE 2021 – REFLECTIVE ENGAGEMENT, NOS EUA. RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Dias Rogério A. Correia , Dias Rogério A. Correia
Published: December 2021

RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA
Being aware of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Atalay Basak
Published: December 2021

The novel coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) is first reported from China, and unfortunately, no longer restricted, and spreads in all geographies.(1) The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection are respiratory tract related. Infected patients usually have symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, and they may have atypical symptoms like headache, seizure, anosmia, stroke, and even impaired consciousness. Strong evidence of an association between COVID-19 infection and neurological manifestations has been reported. Besides, the neurologic manifestations may be the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection.
Epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran: five year survival analysis
Authors: Barnous Ramin , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Sanaat Zohreh , Jabbaripoor Pooneh , Dolatkhah Neda , Dolatkhah Roya
Published: December 2021

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. Currently, CRC is the fourth most common cancer in men and the second common cancer in women of all ages in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic profile of CRC along with CRC specific survival analysis.
MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study using the East Azerbaijan Population Based Cancer Registry database (EA-PBCR) as a source for data related to patients with a diagnosis of CRC. Colorectal cancer specific 1- to 5-year survival analysis and mortality rates were calculated. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was performed to test the equality of survival function and mortality hazard.
ResultsA total of 2,366 newly diagnosed CRCs were registered during 3 years, with a male: female ratio of 1.31. Overall survival rate was 49.8%. One- to 5-year survival rates were 96.21%, 56.94%, 48.62%, 47.88% and 46.76% respectively. At multivariate level, after adjusting for all variables, regression analysis showed that the hazard of mortality in stage IV cancers was 46.44 times higher than that in stage I cancers (HR=46.44, 95% CI: 14.86-145.14, p=0.000). However, differences in patients’ age group and sex and the subsite of cancer did not create any statistically significant variation between groups in regards to mortality hazards (p>0.05).
ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the stage and grade of CRC were important prognostic factors and that early screening and diagnosis of CRC were essential.
Obesity is the most influential risk factor of cardiopulmonary endurance in older women
Authors: Khairani Rita , Adriani Donna , Amani Patwa
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPulmonary function decreases with age. Similarly, physical exercise capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake, which is one indicator to measure the level of cardiac and pulmonary vascular resistance, decreases by >1% per year. This results in many respiratory diseases that occur in older persons, especially in obese older persons. Pulmonary function is a basic component of cardiopulmonary endurance, besides other factors such as age, hemodynamics, metabolism, and lifestyle. The objective of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function have a significant association with cardiopulmonary endurance in older women.
MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design involving 66 subjects aged 60 years and older in South Jakarta. Data was collected by measuring body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for cardiopulmonary endurance. Data analysis used simple and multiple linear regression tests in SPSS v.25, with p<0.05.
ResultsOf the 66 older persons, 57.6% was obese. Pulmonary function of subjects showed restriction (33.3%), obstruction (6.1%) and a combination of restriction and obstruction (1.5%). Furthermore, mean VO2 max was 12.2 mL/kg/min. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant association of BMI and FEV1/FVC with VO2 max (â =-0.56; 95% CI=-0.81 - (-) 0.31; p=0.000; â =0.09; 95% CI=0.01-0.18; p=0.028). BMI was the most influential risk factor of VO2 max (Beta = -0.46).
ConclusionsThere was a significant association of BMI and FEV1/FVC with VO2 max, BMI being the most influential risk factor of cardiopulmonary endurance in older women.
Effect of Various Precursors on ZnO Thin Films by USP Technique
Authors: SAĞLAM Hilal Kübra , SARITAŞ Sevda , ERTUGRUL Mehmet
Published: December 2021

ZnO is one of the main materials used in thin film coating due to its low cost and advantageous properties. The aim of this study is to examine the optical, morphological and structural properties of zinc oxide thin films coated with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis(USP) technique. ZnO thin films were grown at 450°C using different precursor solutions such as zinc acetate and zinc nitrate. Glass substrate was used in these processes. 0.1M and 100 ml solutions were prepared. Growth orientations according to XRD patterns are (002). Bandgap values for zinc acetate and zinc nitrate were measured as 3.25 eV and 3.13 eV, respectively. In addition, as can be seen from the SEM images, the ZnO grain size of the films obtained with the zinc acetate salt is smaller than that of the zinc nitrate. Finally, the amount of oxygen in ZnO films varies depending on different solutions and zinc salts.
On the symmetric polynomials in the variety of Grassmann algebras
Authors: AKDOĞAN Nazan
Published: December 2021

𝐾 karakteristiği sıfır olan bir cisim ve 𝐿, Grassmann cebirleri tarafından üretilen varyetede, 𝐾 cismi üzerinde rankı 2 olan birleşmeli cebir olsun. Bu çalışmada, 𝐿 cebirinin 𝐿𝑆2 simetrik polinomlar alt cebiri incelenmiş ve 𝐿𝑆2 için sonlu bir üreteç kümesi verilmiştir.
A Comparison of Estimation Methods for Gompertz Flexible Weibull Distribution
Authors: TANIŞ Caner , KARAKAYA Kadir
Published: December 2021

Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution is an extension of flexible Weibull distribution. We tackle the problem of estimation of parameters of Gompertz Weibull distribution. We discuss several methods of estimation for Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution. Maximum likelihood estimators, least squares estimators, weighted least squares estimators, Anderson-Darling estimators, Cramer-von Mises estimators are considered. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed in order to compare these estimators in terms of their biases and mean square errors. Also, real data applications are presented to illustrate the usefulness of Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution and obtain estimates based on five methods of estimation.
Effect of nephroprotective Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on gentamicin induced with combination of benzoic acid nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Jahan Roshan , Singh Sangeeta
Published: December 2021

Background: The Ficus dalhousiae plant (Anjeer family) is. Its important parts-leaves, stem, bark and root are. The current study is design to effect of Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on gentamicin (GM) induced with combination of benzoic acid (BA) nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: In acute toxicity studies animals are fasted before being dosed; kept overnight. Depending on the time interval. The beginning dose will be chosen from one of four predetermined levels: 5, 50, 300, or 2000 mg/kg of body weight. The animals are evaluated for 4 and 48 hours. In nephroprotective studies we are taken 30 rats which will be divided into 5 groups. proceed group by group like-control with normal saline, BA (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily, hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus dalhousiae (200 mg/kg/body weight, PO) and simultaneously administered GM (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily for 9 days. And we are doing difference types of estimations, like-blood urea, uric acid and serum creatinine.Results: Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on BA action on serum creatinine and urea levels in rats given GM. When compared to control rats, eight days of GM treatment resulted in significantly higher serum creatinine and urea levels. However, BA pretreatments have significantly improved serum creatine and urea (p<0.001) to reduce GM-induced nephrotoxicity (p<0.01, resp.).Conclusions: Ficus dalhousiae has significant nephroprotective activity in nephroprotective studies, acute toxicity activity and various such type of estimations like- blood urea, uric acid and creatinine.
Co-existence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 and scrub typhus infection: a case series
Authors: Roy Sarbani M. , Sahoo Sushama
Published: December 2021

We are in the midst of pandemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A clinical entity with hyperinflammatory syndrome, defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents, temporarily related to COVID-19, is being reported in this pandemic from several countries. MIS-C has overlapping clinical features of Kawasaki disease (KD). KD has been described in association with various organisms including dengue, scrub typhus. MIS-C with concomitant infection has rarely been reported in literature till date. We report on ten sick pediatric patients presented with clinical features of MIS-C, in whom diagnosis of concomitant scrub typhus were also made. This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatric medicine of a medical college, in a district town of West Bengal, India. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G level was elevated in all of them and they were also positive with Scrub typhus serology. We reviewed and analysed their basic informations, clinical manifestations, epidemiological history, laboratory findings, treatment and short term outcome. Median age was 24 months (range 4 months-8 years), male: female was 1:1. All the patients survived. Concomitant tropical infection in a patient with MIS-C may play an important role in determining the prognosis of such patients. Early detection and intervention will result in better management and intact survival of them.
Comparison between two natural surfactant poractant alfa and bovine lipid extract in respiratory distress syndrome amongst preterm neonates-a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Baske Srikanta , Saha Sudip , Pal Partha Pratim
Published: December 2021

Background: A comparison study of two natural surfactants in preterm babies admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and sick newborn care unit (SNCU) of a tertiary care hospital to find out efficacy and consequences.Methods: A Quasi-experimental study. InSurE technique applied for administering Poractant alfa (CUROSURF) and bovine surfactant (NEOSURF) in two comparison group of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during May 2018 to April 2019. The need of mechanical ventilation, oxygen requirement (FiO2), duration of oxygen requirement and the consequences were assessed.Results: The CUROSURF is 6.67% more efficacious than NEOSURF in respect to less requirement of mechanical ventilation. The differences were found between two groups in terms of FiO2adjusted (33.49% vs 37.17%) and common side effects respectively but the difference of mean duration of oxygenation (69.8 hrs vs 111.9 hrs) was less and statistically significant in CUROSURF group. Mean duration of hospitalization (9.55 day’s vs 14.9 days) also were found to be less and statistically significant.Conclusions: Treatment with CUROSURF was associated with faster improving oxygenation, less additional doses, and decreased need of mechanical ventilation.
A study of postnatal assessment of gestational age of neonates by new Ballards and Parkins score
Authors: Mehta Vivek R. , Parmar Hardik R. , Khandwala Amola B. , Kakkad Khyati M. , Vekaria Vaidehi V. , Bhatt Jaladhi V.
Published: December 2021

Background: The aim, of the study was to find the correlation between new Ballard score and Parkin’s score and whether they correlate with obstetric gestational age estimated by LMP and/or 1st-trimester USG.Methods: A cross-sectional clinical study for 6 months duration was carried out at tertiary care NICU and postnatal ward of a teaching hospital. Any intramural neonate admitted in NICU and neonates examined after randomized selection in postnatal ward within the first 24 hours of life were included in the study after written informed consent. Their demographic profile was documented using preset Performa and gestational age was assessed using both New Ballard score and Parkins score.Results: Total 387 new-borns were screened with mean age of 12.86±11 hours. Out of which 209 (54.0%) were males and 178 (46.0%) were females. The 259 (66.0%) new-borns were normal vaginal delivered and 128 (33.0%) new-borns were delivered by caesarean section. In the study it was found that the obstetric gestational age strongly correlates to gestational age by new Ballard score (r=0.880, p<0.001), and to gestational age by Parkins score (r=0.880, p<0.001). The gestational age by new Ballard score also strongly correlates to gestational age by Parkins score (r=0.937, p<0.001). Scatter diagram shows that there is strong positive linear correlation between gestational age assessed by LMP and NBS. While that gestational age accessed by Parkins having weak positive relationship compared to NBS.Conclusions: New Ballard score predicts new-born gestational age better in preterm and term new-borns, but Parkin’s Score, being simpler assessment method, takes very less time and has the advantage of no subjective neurological criteria and lesser interpersonal variation.
Trustees' handbook of Jamaica
Authors: Kiel Al
Published: December 2021

This eighth document of the PLAC Network Technical Assistance Document Series is entitled “Trustees Handbook” and was especially designed for the Board of Trustees that is responsible for the management of private pension plans in Jamaica. The handbook aims to provide trustees with important learning, understanding and clarification on pension-related matters. It covers a range of topics to assist trustees in the effective management of pension plans and, by extension, contribute to strengthening the regulatory framework of the pension industry. This initiative seeks to help trustees understand their obligation to make informed decisions, manage risk and reduce ambiguity and misinterpretation by providing an official source of reference and to increase knowledge and understanding of the operations of pension plans and the requirements contained in the Pensions Act and associated regulations, applicable policies and procedures and best practices.
On the Satisfiability and Model Checking for one Parameterized Extension of Linear-time Temporal Logic
Authors: Gnatenko Anton Romanovich , Zakharov Vladimir Anatolyevich
Published: December 2021

Sequential reactive systems are computer programs or hardware devices which process the flows of input data or control signals and output the streams of instructions or responses. When designing such systems one needs formal specification languages capable of expressing the relationships between the input and output flows. Previously, we introduced a family of such specification languages based on temporal logics $LTL$, $CTL$ and $CTL^*$ combined with regular languages. A characteristic feature of these new extensions of conventional temporal logics is that temporal operators and basic predicates are parameterized by regular languages. In our early papers, we estimated the expressive power of the new temporal logic $Reg$-$LTL$ and introduced a model checking algorithm for $Reg$-$LTL$, $Reg$-$CTL$, and $Reg$-$CTL^*$. The main issue which still remains unclear is the complexity of decision problems for these logics. In the paper, we give a complete solution to satisfiability checking and model checking problems for $Reg$-$LTL$ and prove that both problems are Pspace-complete. The computational hardness of the problems under consideration is easily proved by reducing to them the intersection emptyness problem for the families of regular languages. The main result of the paper is an algorithm for reducing the satisfiability of checking $Reg$-$LTL$ formulas to the emptiness problem for Buchi automata of relatively small size and a description of a technique that allows one to check the emptiness of the obtained automata within space polynomial of the size of input formulas.
Towards Automatic Deductive Verification of C Programs with Sisal Loops Using the C-lightVer System
Authors: Kondratyev Dmitry A.
Published: December 2021

The C-lightVer system is developed in IIS SB RAS for C-program deductive verification. C-kernel is an intermediate verification language in this system. Cloud parallel programming system (CPPS) is also developed in IIS SB RAS. Cloud Sisal is an input language of CPPS. The main feature of CPPS is implicit parallel execution based on automatic parallelization of Cloud Sisal loops. Cloud-Sisal-kernel is an intermediate verification language in the CPPS system. Our goal is automatic parallelization of such a superset of C that allows implementing automatic verification. Our solution is such a superset of C-kernel as C-Sisal-kernel. The first result presented in this paper is an extension of C-kernel by Cloud-Sisal-kernel loops. We have obtained the C-Sisal-kernel language. The second result is an extension of C-kernel axiomatic semantics by inference rule for Cloud-Sisal-kernel loops. The paper also presents our approach to the problem of deductive verification automation in the case of finite iterations over data structures. This kind of loops is referred to as definite iterations. Our solution is a composition of symbolic method of verification of definite iterations, verification condition metageneration and mixed axiomatic semantics method. Symbolic method of verification of definite iterations allows defining inference rules for these loops without invariants. Symbolic replacement of definite iterations by recursive functions is the base of this method. Obtained verification conditions with applications of recursive functions correspond to logical base of ACL2 prover. We use ACL2 system based on computable recursive functions. Verification condition metageneration allows simplifying implementation of new inference rules in a verification system. The use of mixed axiomatic semantics results to simpler verification conditions in some cases.
A Mathematical Model of Parallel Programs and an Approach Based on it to Verification of MPI Programs
Authors: Mironov Andrew M.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a new mathematical model of parallel programs, on the basis of which it is possible, in particular, to verify parallel programs presented on a certain subset of the parallel programming interface MPI. This model is based on the concepts of a sequential and distributed process. A parallel program is modeled as a distributed process in which sequential processes communicate by asynchronously sending and receiving messages over channels. The main advantage of the described model is the ability to simulate and verify parallel programs that generate an indefinite number of sequential processes. The proposed model is illustrated by the application of verification of the matrix multiplication MPI program.
Solving Linear Programming Problems by Reducing to the Form with an Obvious Answer
Authors: Stepanov Gleb D.
Published: December 2021

The article considers a method for solving a linear programming problem (LPP), which requires finding the minimum or maximum of a linear functional on a set of non-negative solutions of a system of linear algebraic equations with the same unknowns. The method is obtained by improving the classical simplex method, which when involving geometric considerations, in fact, generalizes the Gauss complete exclusion method for solving systems of equations. The proposed method, as well as the method of complete exceptions, proceeds from purely algebraic considerations. It consists of converting the entire LPP, including the objective function, into an equivalent problem with an obvious answer. For the convenience of converting the target functional, the equations are written as linear functionals on the left side and zeros on the right one. From the coefficients of the mentioned functionals, a matrix is formed, which is called the LPP matrix. The zero row of the matrix is the coefficients of the target functional, $a_{00}$ is its free member. The algorithms are described and justified in terms of the transformation of this matrix. In calculations the matrix is a calculation table. The method under consideration by analogy with the simplex method consists of three stages. At the first stage the LPP matrix is reduced to a special 1-canonical form. With such matrices one of the basic solutions of the system is obvious, and the target functional on it is $ a_{00}$, which is very convenient. At the second stage the resulting matrix is transformed into a similar matrix with non-positive elements of the zero column (except $a_{00}$), which entails the non-negativity of the basic solution. At the third stage the matrix is transformed into a matrix that provides non-negativity and optimality of the basic solution. For the second stage the analog of which in the simplex method uses an artificial basis and is the most time-consuming, two variants without artificial variables are given. When describing the first of them, along the way, a very easy-to-understand and remember analogue of the famous Farkas lemma is obtained. The other option is quite simple to use, but its full justification is difficult and will be separately published.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies on Mucocutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: Virus-Related and Drug-Related
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan Afsaneh , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Najar Nobari Niloufar , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus could affect almost any part of the body including the skin. In this systematic review, the primary skin lesions resulting from the direct activity of the virus or the medications used for treatment and the changes in the behavior of the virus regarding the occurrence of these symptoms over time were assessed. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, TRIP Cochrane, Cochrane Skin were searched for all published articles from February 19 to July 1, 2020, which met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six related articles were extracted. Twenty-eight studies reported virus-related mucocutaneous eruptions and 8 articles, the drug-reactions. Data of 583 patients were included. Skin lesions of COVID-19 could be caused by both the virus itself or the influence of drugs used for the treatment. Morbilliform rashes, urticaria, and acral-vasculopathic cutaneous lesions were at the forefront of primary COVID-dependent skin lesions with no significant change during time, Also, Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, paracetamol, and antibiotics were reported as the main causes of drug-induced rashes. Since dermatologic manifestations may occur prior or simultaneously/after other COVID clinical symptoms, so they may helpful in patients’ early diagnosis or prediction of internal organ involvements via histopathologic evaluations of skin biopsies especially about vasculopathic and vasculitic, respectively.
Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapeutics in Wound Healing: A Rapid Review of Available Evidence
Authors: Shaker Zeinab , Shaker Zohreh , Barouni Mohsen
Published: December 2021

Background: Skin and wound injuries are important health problems with great mortality rates. While there are different alternative therapies, there is no agreement on the best therapy for burn wounds and wound complications. Stem cell therapy has an optimistic prospect in many preclinical studies of burn wounds and diabetic wounds.
Objectives: In this study, we performed a rapid review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in wound treatment.
Methods: This rapid review of the evidence aimed to evaluate the potential effects of stem cells on wound healing to create a policy guide for policymakers in the health care system. We searched such databases as PubMed and Scopus on March 13, 2021 using keywords, including “stem cells and wound healing”, “safety”, and “efficacy”. The references of retrieved studies were also checked to ensure the capture of the literature. Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of stem cells on wound healing published in Persian and English were included. Generally, we used the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) model for search strategy.
Results: Out of a total of 92 retrieved papers, 22 studies were eligible for inclusion. The overall review showed that stem cell therapy improved wounds. Also, studies showed that using stem cell technology in a non-invasive way could be a good alternative. However, the limitations of this technology consisted of the need to improve cell delivery methods, cell sustainability, heterogeneity in the research of mesenchymal stem cells, and wound substrate. Further studies are needed to determine its safety and efficacy.
Conclusions: Although the evidence on the safety and efficacy of using stem cells for wound healing was limited, studies showed that stem cell technology is a good alternative to traditional therapies. Future clinical studies should consider the differences in the studies to achieve maximum effectiveness.
Prioritization of Interventions and Technologies to Prevent Fire Spread in Hospitals
Authors: Mirakbari Seyed Mahmoud , Ooshaksaraie Maryam , Daneshmand-Mehr Maryam , Amoozad Khalili Hossein , Majidi Seyed Ali
Published: December 2021

Background: Fire is one of the potential dangers that threatens human activities more and more. Given that, this study sought to introduce the factors preventing the spread of fire in hospitals to policymakers through prioritization based on the techniques of applied mathematics (multi-attribute decision-making technique).
Methods: This study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, through a comprehensive review of studies, factors preventing the spread of fire were identified, and then in the second stage, based on the experts’ opinions, the attributes affecting the prioritization and their weights were determined. Finally, based on the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) model, the final prioritization was done for five types of hospital buildings.
Results: Based on the literature review and experts’ opinions, seven factors and four attributes were identified. The most important factors were “the use of safety architecture and equipping with appropriate emergency exit accesses according to the standard” in highrise hospitals, “continuous firefighting training of the personnel” in wide hospitals, “use of fire extinguishing systems (automatic and manual)” in subsurface hospitals, “use of fire extinguishing systems (automatic and manual)” in combined hospitals, and “continuous firefighting training of the personnel” in portable hospitals.
Conclusions: Fire safety is not limited to the installation of a manual fire extinguisher, but for fire safety, especially in hospitals, all aspects should be considered, including the architectural form of the building, how the materials and equipment in the building caught fire, fire behavior in terms of heat transfer, the firefighting training of the personnel, recognition, and application of modern and ready-made equipment for smoke ventilation systems and fire products, automatic and manual fire alarm systems, and extinguishing systems to prevent the spread of fire.
Safety and Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening Using Low-dose Computed Tomography Scan in High-risk Individuals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohamadi Sara , Daroudi Rajabali , Mobinizadeh Mohamadreza
Published: December 2021

Context: Lung cancer is the most important cause of cancer mortality. Given the incidence and mortality of this disease, the implementation of preventive interventions is necessary. Objectives: The present study investigated the effectiveness of one of the most important interventions of lung cancer screening with lowdose computed tomography (LDCT) in high-risk individuals.
Evidence Acquisition: The present study was an applied study performed as a comprehensive review. For the assessment of safety, studies on the technical specifications of computed tomography scans and issues related to the safety of applying this device were searched using keywords in medical databases. For the evaluation of clinical effectiveness, a comprehensive review of health technology assessment studies, systematic review studies, and screening guidelines was performed.
Results: Based on 15 studies extracted for the safety issue, the diagnosis of harmless tumors, false positives cases and Unnecessary invasive complementary interventions, and possible negative effects of radiation exposure are discussable safety issues. Based on the synthesis of 16 studies on effectiveness, lung cancer screening intervention using LDCT was determined to reduce lung cancer mortality by 15 - 20% and mortality from other causes by 0 - 6%. Additionally, the incidence of this disease in its upper stages decreases significantly.
Conclusions: Lung cancer screening using LDCT does not threaten the health of individuals seriously and, in comparison to nonintervention is more clinically effective and will lead to a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality and increase in the timely diagnosis of this disease.
Impact of Outsourcing Medical Equipment Department on Costs and Profits: A Case Study of a University Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Tabibi Jamalodin , Kiani Alireza
Published: December 2021

Background: Medical equipment plays a key role in diagnosis, treatment, and medical education. Outsourcing is delegating a part or all activities of an organization to a party (e.g., individuals or organizations) outside the organization, which has an important role in the organization’s productivity.
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of outsourcing the department of medical equipment of a university hospital in Tehran, Iran, by emphasizing costs, profits, and performance.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. This study investigated the documents and financial records of the Financial Office to calculate costs and revenues. Additionally, a researcher-developed questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of outsourcing on employees’ performance and financial performance. A total of 36 subjects were randomly selected, following the sampling formula (the response rate: 72%). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test for a normal distribution. As the data were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test was used. Furthermore, the t-test and analysis of variance were used to study the difference in the effect of outsourcing and age, gender, and educational level. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19).
Results: According to the findings, there was a significant difference before and after outsourcing in the costs and revenues of the Medical Equipment Department. Concerning the effect of outsourcing on the performance, the “human resources” factor obtained the highest mean (3.37), which indicated the poor perspective of the staff in this aspect. Moreover, the lowest score was related to the “cost-effectiveness” (2.96), which was an average score. There were weak scores concerning the dimensions of management (3.28) and quality of services (3.36). Conclusions: Considering the importance of staff in the hospital, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the impact of different types of reforms intended to increase the revenues and reduce the costs of hospitals on the staff of the organization by emphasizing managerial and human resources dimensions, which not only will increase the efficiency of the organization and satisfaction of the staff but also translated into better quality.
Designing a Questionnaire to Measure Factors Affecting Utilization of Services for Diabetics in Health Centers Based on Social Marketing Model
Authors: Jahanbani Effat , Davoodi Monire , Faraji-Khiavi Farzad , Nadaf Mahdi
Published: December 2021

Background: The needs and demands of patients as one of the pillars of marketing in the health field require the right tools to identify consumers’ requests.
Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a tool to evaluate services utilization behavior by type 2 diabetics in health centers based on a social marketing model (ie, 7 Ps).
Methods: This study was conducted in two main stages. The first stage was performed with the aim of the initial design of the tool (ie, a questionnaire) through a literature review and professionals’ opinions. The second stage was performed to confirm the validity and reliability of the prepared questionnaire in the previous stage through calculating the impact score, content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The study participants included 8 academic and executive experts in the field of health and diabetes, 30 diabetic patients to calculate the impact score, and 50 patients with diabetes to calculate the Cronbach’s alpha through test-retest. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18).
Results: According to the results of the first stage of the study, a questionnaire with 46 items was designed. After determining the formal and content validity quantitatively and qualitatively, 8 items were deleted, and a questionnaire with 38 items was provided. Finally, the validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed (CVI = 0.91; CVR = 0.92; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92).
Conclusions: This questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability helps analyze the diabetics’ behavior and specifies the reasons for the acceptance or rejection of the services of the diabetes unit by patients. Therefore, it can be used in health centers providing services for diabetics.
Investigating Non-pharmacological Treatments for Psychological Problems Associated with Epilepsy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Charsouei Saeid
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy is one of the problems and diseases that accompanies a person for the rest of his/her life after diagnosis. This disease can severely affect a person’s physical condition and lead to psychological problems. Many patients with epilepsy suffer from psychological problems and are under the supervision of a psychiatrist, and they take medications to control the mental state. However, many patients are reluctant to take other medications, including psychiatric medications, due to long-term use of the drug. Therefore, in this study, we examined nonpharmacological treatments for psychological problems caused by epilepsy. In addition to developing epilepsy and receiving medications for the disease, these patients develop mental illnesses such as stress, depression, anxiety, and cognitive processes that require treatment. After searching for texts published in various English language databases, the required items were obtained. First, some of the psychosocial consequences of epilepsy, including negative attitude towards epilepsy, social stigma, family factors, quality of life, and sexual activity, were evaluated. Furthermore, the concurrency of psychological disorders (stress, depression, anxiety, cognitive processes, and theory of mind) along with non-pharmacological treatments were investigated.
Mental Health and Resilience among Nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mirzaei Dahka Samaneh , Maroufizadeh Saman , Pouralizadeh Moluk , Zahedsefat Tahereh , Ghanbarpoor Ganjari Mehrdad , Parsasalkisari Elaheh , Ghanbari Atefeh
Published: December 2021

Objective: Nurses exposed to COVID-19 could be psychologically stressed. The present study investigated the mental health and the resilience level in the nurses’ population.
Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 432 nurses in 27 hospitals working in Guilan province, north of Iran, between April 29, to May 14, 2020. Mental health and resilience were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Hierarchical multiple linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with mental health.
Results: The mean GHQ-12 and CD-RISC-10 scores were 15.72 (SD, 5.67) and 25.97 (SD, 6.88), respectively. Probable psychological distress (GHQ-12 score ≥ 15) was present in 57.2% of nurses. Among demographic and COVID-19-related variables, only educational level was significantly and negatively correlated with mental health. After controlling the variables, hierarchical regression analyses results showed that lower resilience was associated with poor mental health (β = -0.49; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding the nurses’ mental health, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention is necessary, and resilience can play a role as a mental health promoter.
The Role of Relationship Emotional Schemas and Personality Dimensions on Domestic Violence in People Referred to a Forensics Center in Iran
Authors: Masoudzadeh Abbas , Alami Somayeh , Naderi Rajeh Yazdan , Taheri Ehsan , Sadeghi Hajar
Published: December 2021

Objective: Domestic violence is an important social problem and according to the DSM5 classification, this problem is considered from a clinical point of view. Factors that play a role in the occurrence of domestic violence may include the personality traits of couples and the ways in which couples manage each other's emotions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of personality dimension and relationship emotional schema in prediction of domestic violence.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, the study population included all men and women who referred to Sari forensic medicine in 2019 who were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were Domestic Violence Scale, NEO Personality Questionnaire (NEO - FFI) and Relationship Emotional Schema (RESS). Data analysis was performed through correlation coefficients and regression analysis using SPSS 24 software.
Results: Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, negative relationship emotional schemas (Guilt/shame, Control, Numbness, Rational, Duration, Rumination, and Blame) and positive relationship emotional schemas (Comprehensibility, Validation, Differentiation, Values, Consensus, Acceptance, Expression) are the best predictor variable (R = 0.65; adjusted R square = 0.41; F = 44.41; P = 0.001), and personality dimension was excluded from the model because it did not have a significant predictive power. And was not able to explain the variance of domestic violence.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the emotional schema of the relationship (negative/positive) and neuroticism play a key role in domestic violence. Therefore, by identifying the emotional schemas and personality traits of the couple's relationship, it is possible to provide more appropriate treatment outcomes for mental health professionals and effectively prevent the increase in domestic violence.
Sleep Quality and Related Determinants among Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khazaei Salman , Ayubi Erfan , Khazaei Mahdi , Khazaei Mojtaba , Afrookhteh Gita
Published: December 2021

Objective: Effective rehabilitation and better quality of life among stroke patients are functions of several factors such as quality and pattern of sleep. The present study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and related determinants in such patients.
Method: The present cross-sectional study was performed from October to December 2019 among stroke patients who were admitted to Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to determine sleep quality in these patients. Significant determinants of the global score of PSQI were identified via multivariable linear regression.
Results: A total of 97 stroke patients (age 67±79 years, 55.7% male) were enrolled into the study. Prevalence of poor sleep was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.91) in stroke patients. Patients with nervous tension and those with surgical treatment and with Non-hemorrhagic CT scan had a predicted increase of 1.65, 2.91 and 3.25 in the mean of the global PSQI score (P ≤ 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion: Nervous tension, treatment method, results of CT scan and cardiac problems may be associated with post-stroke sleep disorder.
The Moderating Role of Occupational Commitment in the Effect of Income Level on Job Satisfaction
Authors: KEMER Ebru
Published: December 2021

This research aims to determine the moderator role of professional commitment in the effect of the income level of accommodation business managers on job satisfaction. For this purpose, data were collected from managers working in accommodation establishments with tourism operation certificates in Nevşehir province between January and May 2021 by survey technique. The ethics committee permission document required for the collection of data used in this study was obtained with the decision of the Ethics Committee of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, dated 28.01.2021 and numbered 02. Correlation and regulatory variable regression analyzes were conducted to determine the moderator role of professional commitment in the effect of the income level of managers working in accommodation businesses on job satisfaction. As a result of the research; It has been determined that there are positive and significant relationships between the income level, job satisfaction perceptions, and professional commitment of accommodation business managers. In addition, it was concluded that professional commitment has a regulatory role in the effect of the income level of managers working in accommodation businesses on job satisfaction, and the relationship between income level and job satisfaction is shaped by professional commitment. Through the results obtained from the research, practical suggestions were made.
Türkçe Söz Diziminin Sınırlılıkları
Authors: DOĞAN Nuh
Published: December 2021

Dillerin bir biçim oluşundan kaynaklanan doğal eksikliklerinin yanı sıra dillerin söz diziminden kaynaklanan ayrıca birtakım kısıtlıkları ve olanakları vardır. Dillerin dil-dışı gerçekliği anlatacak sonsuz ve eksiksiz imkânları yoktur. Dillerin söz diziminin belirli bir kapasitesi ve sınırlılıkları vardır. Bir dilin temel söz dizimsel yapıları söz diziminin kapasite ve sınırlılıklarının ne olduğunu ortaya koyabilmektedir. Söz dizimsel kapasite ve sınırlılıklar aynı zamanda belirli kısıtlar ve olanaklar da ön görür. Türkçenin söz dizimi yapıları incelendiğinde üç temel söz dizimsel kısıtlılığın olduğu anlaşılır. Bunlar (i) en az bir üye kısıtı, (ii) ikinci hâlin imkânsızlığı (ii) en fazla dört üye kısıtı şeklinde ifade edilebilir. Bu ksıtlar edilgenleştirme ve ettirgenleştirme gibi dil bilgisel süreçlerle zorlanır ve söz konusu kısıtlılıkların ön gördüğü söz dizimsel sınırlar aşılmaya çalışılır. Ancak Türkçenin söz dizimi bu girişimleri engeller. Söz diziminin kısıtlılıkları Türkçe’yi birden fazla anlamsal kategori için aynı söz dizimsel yapıları kullanmaya zorlar. Bu, farklı fiil şekillerinin aynı söz dizimsel yapıda aynı ya da yakın anlamda kullanılmasına, dolayısıyla Türkçede söz dizimsel karmaşıklığın ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda söz dizimsel sınırlılıkların belirsizliklere neden olmakla birlikte kimi zaman yeni anlamsal okumalara imkân verdiği ve yeni anlamsal kategorilerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağladığı iddia edilmiştir.
Kargışların (Beddualar/Kötü Dilekler) "Dikotomi", "Anti-yapı", "Hedef-yapı" ve "Araçsal Sebep" Kavramları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKIN Erdem
Published: December 2021

Kargışlar (beddualar/kötü dilekler) ait olduğu kültürün değer yapısının okunabileceği halk edebiyatının oldukça canlı anonim türlerindendir. Var olan yapıya veya kişiye, gruba ve eyleme karşı tepki aracı, onun kötü duruma düşme noktasında duygu ve düşüncelerin net ifadesidir. İstenmeyen bir duruma düşerek haksızlık karşısında yapacak bir şeyi olmayan kişi, içinde bulunduğu üzüntü, kızgınlık, çaresizlik gibi durumlardan çıkış yolu olarak kargışları kullanır. İşlevsel bir kültür aracı olarak kargışlar sahip olduğu sembolik anlatım gücü ve barındığı kültürel değerler itibariyle bugün de Türk kültürü ve toplumsal yapısı içinde her bir ferdin başvurduğu edebiyat ürünlerindendir. Bu çalışmada, kargışlar; öncelikle iki karşıt unsuru barındırması ve uyandırması sebebiyle “dikotomi”, ardından sosyal yapının dengelenmesi ve düzenlenmesini sağlaması açısından “anti-yapı”, bireyler arasında yayılması sebebiyle "araçsal sebep" ve son olarak hedef aldığı unsurlar bakımından "hedef-yapı" kavramları açısından ele alınmıştır. Günlük dilde sıkça kullanılan kargışlar; söz konusu kavramlar çerçevesinde, geniş bir kargış örneklemi üzerinden değerlendirilmiş, böylece yapı itibariyle kargışların anlam dünyasına girilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Euro/Dolar Paritesinde Uzun Hafıza Analizi
Authors: GÜNEŞ Hidayet
Published: December 2021

Finansal piyasalarda uzun hafıza kavramı, geçmiş zaman içerisinde yer alan çok uzaktaki gözlemlerin halen daha yüksek oranda mevcut gözlemler ile ilişkili olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Uzun hafıza sürecinin iyi bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi, piyasa verimliliği ile bağlantılı bir durum olmasından dolayı optimum yatırım stratejilerinin ve portföy yönetiminin tespit edilebilmesinde kilit bir rol üstlenmektedir. Varlık getirilerinde uzun hafızanın varlığı, Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi’nin geçerliliği ile çelişki göstermektedir. Bu yüzden çalışma, Euro / Dolar paritesinin 1971 ile 2021 tarihleri arasındaki, getiri ve volatilite serilerinde uzun hafıza varlığını araştırmak için yapılmıştır. ARFIMA model sonuçları, getiride uzun hafızanın var olduğunu göstermektedir. Volatilite serisinde uzun hafızanın varlığını tespit edebilmek için yapılan simetrik ve asimetrik koşullu değişen varyans model sonuçları da, uzun hafızanın bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar Euro / Dolar paritesi, getiri ve volatilitesinin tahmin edilebilir bir yapıda olduğu ve zayıf formda etkin bir piyasa olmadığı sonucunu ifade etmektedir. FIAPARCH ve FIEGARCH modelleri, volatilitede asimetri etkisinin bulunmadığını belirtmektedir.