bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Condition and Air Quality Investigation in Commercial Airliner Cabins
Authors: Yu Nu , Zhang Yao , Zhang Mengya , Li Haifeng
Published: June 2021

Cabin air quality and thermal conditions have a direct impact on passenger and flight crew’s health and comfort. In this study, in-cabin thermal environment and particulate matter (PM) exposures were investigated in four China domestic flights. The mean and standard deviation of the in-cabin carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in two tested flights are 1440 ± 111 ppm. The measured maximum in-cabin carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1.2 ppm, which is under the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit of 10 ppm. The tested relative humidity ranges from 13.8% to 67.0% with an average of 31.7%. The cabin pressure change rates at the end of the climbing stages and the beginning of the descending stages are close to 10 hPa·min−1, which might induce the uncomfortable feeling of passengers and crew members. PM mass concentrations were measured on four flights. The results show that PM concentrations decreased after the aircraft cabin door closed and were affected by severe turbulences. The highest in-cabin PM concentrations were observed in the oldest aircraft with an age of 13.2 years, and the waiting phase in this aircraft generated the highest exposures.
Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cadmium on Different Contaminated Paddy Soil Types: Kinetics, Isotherms, and the Effects of Soil Properties
Authors: Lu Weisheng , Liu Ying , Ye Huike , Lin Dasong , Li Guijie , Zhao Yang , Deng Ting , Li Huaxing , Wang Ruigang
Published: June 2021

The adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium (Cd) in uncontaminated soils have been investigated in numerous studies. However, similar studies on Cd-polluted soils from different sources, which exhibit complex physicochemical characteristics and internal interactions between Cd and the soil particles, are scarce. Therefore, in order to elucidate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd in Cd polluted soils, six representative Cd-contaminated paddy soil samples were collected from farmlands in the vicinity of a steel plant (Soil 1), a smelter (Soil 2), a thermal power plant (Soil 3), two mining areas (Soil 4, the Dabaoshan mine, Shaoguan; Soil 5, a lead-zinc mine located at Lechang), and a paddy field irrigated with sewage at Zhongshan (Soil 6) in Guangdong Province, China. The analysis of the six soil samples showed that Cd adsorption fitted well to pseudo-second order as well as pseudo-first order kinetics; however, the pseudo-second order equation showed a better fit (R2 = 0.860–0.962), while Elovich and intraparticle kinetic models fitted the adsorption kinetics poorly. Further, the adsorption isotherms fitted well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with the Freundlich model showing a better fit (R2 = 0.96–0.98). The following order was observed for the Cd(II) adsorption amount and rate: S5 > S6 > S1 > S3 > S2 > S4; meanwhile, the desorption amount and rate followed the opposite trend. Furthermore, the pH and soil organic matter were identified as the soil characteristics with the most significant impact on the adsorption and desorption behaviors of Cd(II) in the Cd-polluted soils.
Circular Economy Business Models in the SME Sector
Authors: Brendzel-Skowera Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on a bottom-up approach to implementing the concept of circular economy. All enterprises, not only the most aware ones, face the challenges of this economy. The modification of business models towards circular economy becomes a necessity. However, questions arise as to whether the use of circular economy business models is widely practiced and how enterprises are coping with the implementation of these models. This article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the organizational maturity of enterprises in terms of implementing the principles of circular economy. Based on the concept of organizational maturity levels of the CMMI model, the classification of circular business models according to R2Pi and the integrated business model (the so-called business model canvas), the maturity index of the circular economy business model is constructed. The results obtained do not allow one to formulate very optimistic conclusions. First of all, a competency gap in the field of circular business models is identified, which translates into a limited application of these models in practice. The most frequently implemented models are: circular raw materials, recovery of raw materials, modification and repair. Most enterprises tend to undertake activities that are characteristic of circular economy. Furthermore, the importance of these activities increases with the age of the enterprise.
Effects of Emotions and Ethics on Pro-Environmental Behavior of University Employees: A Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Aziz Faiq , Md Rami Ahmad Aizuddin , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali
Published: June 2021

Over the last few years, many activities conducted by university employees have contributed greatly to the global rise of greenhouse gases responsible for the warming of the planet. This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to altering lifestyle, consumption, and portability patterns. Even though there is a significant applicability, understanding the factors determining the pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of university employees is lacking. Thus, this study extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain PEB among university employees. Ten hypotheses were suggested regarding the relations between the initial TPB constructs, environmental ethics, and emotional intelligence. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from a randomly selected sample of 302 university employees from six Malaysian higher educational institutions listed in the UI Green Matrix 2016. The findings revealed that environmental ethics significantly affected attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. Furthermore, pro-environmental behavioral intentions (PEIs) were directly influenced by attitude and perceived behavioral control, while emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between PEIs and PEB. Moving forward, this study will provide new insights into the literature of university employees’ PEB using an expanded TPB model.
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention among Foreigners in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yu Tongxin , Khalid Nadeem , Ahmed Umair
Published: June 2021

Entrepreneurship is essential in contributing to economic growth, job creation, technological advances, etc. in all countries, including Kazakhstan. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out how to further facilitate the development of (foreign) entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. In doing so, the authors attempted to identify factors influencing entrepreneurial intention (EI), specifically among the foreigners in Kazakhstan, and highlight the role of government support (GS) in general and under COVID-19. The study conceptualized the extended “TPB + Moderator (GS)” model. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 362 new and established foreign entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan by means of descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study found that the foreigners’ personal attitude (PA) toward entrepreneurship was the strongest factor motivating their EI, followed by their perceived behavioral control (PBC) as the second strongest factor. The role of GS strengthened each effect of PA and PBC on EI. The moderating effect of GS and PA is greater than that of GS and PBC; each of the moderating effects is lower in magnitude than each of the direct effects. Their subject norms (SNs) and the moderating effect of GS and SNs are both insignificant.
Digital Innovation in Times of Crisis: How Mashups Improve Quality of Education
Authors: Maaravi Yossi , Heller Ben
Published: June 2021

Innovation is a crucial force underlying the organizational and societal ability to survive and thrive in crisis times, especially in education. However, not all challenges require creating novel solutions; occasionally, combining pre-existing solutions—an approach known as the mashup methodology—can provide equal benefit. Nevertheless, this approach appears to be relatively unknown. In the current case study, we provide an example of using a mashup of technologies to solve the challenge of running a remote virtual hackathon under COVID-19 social distancing regulations. Additionally, we argue that utilizing the mashup is a form of modeling, in which students learn by witnessing its use. Utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model, we show that by modeling the use of the mashup methodology in this hackathon (Study 1—case), we managed to improve students’ attitudes towards the method and increase its perceived usefulness and ease of use in their eyes. This, in turn, raised their intention to use it as an innovation tool in the future. Study 2 revealed that this effect on participants’ intentions is more significant than what would be achieved by merely teaching people about the methodology. The results of these studies add to the growing literature emphasizing the importance of using digital innovations as means of improving the quality of education, thus increasing the satisfaction and well-being of students.
Fitness Estimation for Viral Variants in the Context of Cellular Coinfection
Authors: Zhu Huisheng , Allman Brent E. , Koelle Katia
Published: June 2021

Animal models are frequently used to characterize the within-host dynamics of emerging zoonotic viruses. More recent studies have also deep-sequenced longitudinal viral samples originating from experimental challenges to gain a better understanding of how these viruses may evolve in vivo and between transmission events. These studies have often identified nucleotide variants that can replicate more efficiently within hosts and also transmit more effectively between hosts. Quantifying the degree to which a mutation impacts viral fitness within a host can improve identification of variants that are of particular epidemiological concern and our ability to anticipate viral adaptation at the population level. While methods have been developed to quantify the fitness effects of mutations using observed changes in allele frequencies over the course of a host’s infection, none of the existing methods account for the possibility of cellular coinfection. Here, we develop mathematical models to project variant allele frequency changes in the context of cellular coinfection and, further, integrate these models with statistical inference approaches to demonstrate how variant fitness can be estimated alongside cellular multiplicity of infection. We apply our approaches to empirical longitudinally sampled H5N1 sequence data from ferrets. Our results indicate that previous studies may have significantly underestimated the within-host fitness advantage of viral variants. These findings underscore the importance of considering the process of cellular coinfection when studying within-host viral evolutionary dynamics.
Replicative Deformed Wing Virus Found in the Head of Adults from Symptomatic Commercial Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Colonies
Authors: Cilia Giovanni , Zavatta Laura , Ranalli Rosa , Nanetti Antonio , Bortolotti Laura
Published: June 2021

The deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most common honey bee pathogens. The virus may also be detected in other insect species, including Bombus terrestris adults from wild and managed colonies. In this study, individuals of all stages, castes, and sexes were sampled from three commercial colonies exhibiting the presence of deformed workers and analysed for the presence of DWV. Adults (deformed individuals, gynes, workers, males) had their head exscinded from the rest of the body and the two parts were analysed separately by RT-PCR. Juvenile stages (pupae, larvae, and eggs) were analysed undissected. All individuals tested positive for replicative DWV, but deformed adults showed a higher number of copies compared to asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, they showed viral infection in their heads. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DWV amplicons belonged to a strain isolated in the United Kingdom. Further studies are needed to characterize the specific DWV target organs in the bumblebees. The result of this study indicates the evidence of DWV infection in B. terrestris specimens that could cause wing deformities, suggesting a relationship between the deformities and the virus localization in the head. Further studies are needed to define if a specific organ could be a target in symptomatic bumblebees.
Role of Pond Sediments for Trapping Pesticides in an Agricultural Catchment (Auradé, SW France): Distribution and Controlling Factors
Authors: Chaumet Betty , Probst Jean-Luc , Eon Pierre , Camboulive Thierry , Riboul David , Payré-Suc Virginie , Granouillac Franck , Probst Anne
Published: June 2021

In agricultural areas, ponds are suitable wetland environments to dissipate and reduce the occurrence of pesticides in aquatic environments. However, their impact at a catchment scale is still poorly understood. This study aims to determine how these organic contaminants were trapped in a pond located in an agricultural critical zone from SW France (Auradé catchment). The spatial distribution of pesticide concentrations and their different controlling factors were investigated in waters and sediments collected during two distinct seasons. The results highlighted (i) the link between the presence of the molecules and the agricultural practices upstream, (ii) the influence of hydrological/seasonal conditions, especially on hydrophobic molecule accumulation such as tebuconazole, (iii) the key role of clay content in sediments on the control of moderately hydrophilic pesticides (metolachlor and boscalid), but also the unexpected role of coarse particles for boscalid; and (iv) the influence of sediment depth on pesticide storage. Nevertheless, other physico-chemical parameters, such as mineralogical composition of sediment, needed to be considered to explain the pesticide patterns. This study brings a new hypothesis to be investigated in the future about pesticide behaviour in such pond environments.
Arctic Freshwater Environment Altered by the Accumulation of Commonly Determined and Potentially New POPs
Authors: Kosek Klaudia , Ruman Marek
Published: June 2021

Chemical composition of Arctic freshwater ecosystems depends on several factors. They include characteristics of the surrounding landscape, its lithology, geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrological features, as well as accumulation of anthropogenic pollution. In the Arctic, the problem of environmental contamination is widespread. That is why research on lakes and river catchments in terms of their chemical composition has enjoyed increasing interest among scientists worldwide. The freshwater reservoirs of the Arctic are fragile and particularly vulnerable to the uptake of pollutants that become trapped in the water and sediments for an extended period. This review summarises selected studies of freshwater bodies in the Arctic to highlight the problem of the accumulation of pollutants in these reservoirs. Moreover, it emphasises the possible negative impact of chemical pollutants on both animal and human health.
Indications and Contraindications for Cystography, Diagnostic Value of the Method
Authors: Stepchenkov Roman Petrovich
Published: June 2021

Diseases of the urinary system are quite common, both among adults and among children.
If, in case of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs, an assessment
of the clinical picture and general analysis of the urine is sufficient to make a diagnosis, in a number of other situations — trauma and rupture of the bladder, abnormalities of its development, malignant neoplasms — visualization of the organ is needed. One of these diagnostic methods is cystography.
Organization of the work of the medical laboratory service in accordance with the requirements of the standard GOST ISO 15189–2015 «Medical laboratories. Particular requirements for quality and competence»
Authors: Perminova Elena Vitalievna
Published: June 2021

Clinical laboratory diagnostics is a medical specialty, which is based on in vitro diagnostic studies of biomaterial obtained from an individual. At the present stage, there are three main types of organization of the laboratory research process — a laboratory service as part of a medical and preventive institution, a centralized laboratory where biomaterials are delivered for research from various healthcare institutions, as well as mobile laboratories that allow conducting the research directly at the patient’s bedside. This discipline involves the use of a wide variety of diagnostic research methods and the use of a huge number of specific techniques. Their list should include carrying out hematological, microbiological, virological, immunological, serological, parasitic, and biochemical studies. Also, when organizing laboratory diagnostic activities, a number of other studies (cytological, histological, toxicological, genetic, molecular biological, etc.) are provided. A laboratory report is formulated after obtaining clinical data and comparing them with the obtained test results. The quality of laboratory tests is ensured through the systematic implementation of internal laboratory control, as well as participation in a national program for external quality assessment. The activities of the clinical diagnostic laboratory should be organized in accordance with the requirements of the standard GOST R ISO 15189–2015 «Medical laboratories. Particular requirements for quality and competence», which is based on the provisions of two more fundamental standards — ISO 9001 and ISO 17025, and adds a number of special requirements related to medical laboratories.
Nanotechnology in medicine. The use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Authors: Klimov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: June 2021

At all times mankind strived for progressive changes, and for a long time has been looking for new ways to diagnose and treat diseases in order to prolong life. Scientists have constantly attempted to introduce the latest techniques, and if in the 20th century an understanding of the course of various processes at the cellular level was achieved, at the latest stage of development there is already a transition to the study of the molecular and even atomic composition of individual derivatives, which should contribute to the transition to a qualitatively new level of process understanding. The first to speak about nanotechnology was Richard Phillips Feynman, who back
in 1959 spoke about the possibility of controlling matter precisely at the atomic level. At the present stage, nanotechnology is increasingly being introduced into medical science, in particular, in the field of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases. More recently, this fact has received practical confirmation on the example of organizing large-scale testing of the population for the presence of the coronavirus infection. The methods used on the basis of atomic force molecular detectors provide a unique opportunity for visualization and identification of protein markers of
pathological processes and conditions with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of standard laboratory studies. This principle was the basis for the implementation of the polymerase chain reaction method, the essence of which lies in the multiple multiplication of microscopic concentrations of pathogen DNA fragments in a patient’s biological sample under artificial conditions. As a result of a complex process called amplification, under the influence of enzymes and changes in temperature (from 50 to 95 °C), two DNA molecules are formed from one DNA molecule. In this case, there is a copying of a DNA section that is present only in that type of pathogenic microorganism that is of interest to a specialist at the moment. The cycle of formation
of a new DNA molecule takes about 3 minutes, while 30-40 cycles is quite enough to obtain the proper number of molecules required for reliable visual determination of the desired agent by electrophoresis.
Myxoid variant of sarcomatous pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Stepchenkov Roman Petrovich
Published: June 2021

Pleural mesothelioma is a malignant, aggressively growing tumor that occurs during the transformation of mesothelial cells. The incidence of pleural mesothelioma varies significantly from 8 cases per 100,000 population in England to 3.1 — in Australia, 1 — in the USA, Spain, and Poland. PM frequency has been increasing in recent years in Russia, Western Europe, China, and India. Diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma includes history taking, physical examination, computed tomography or MRI (diagnosis of PM cannot be made on conventional radiographs), then thoracoscopy with biopsy is desirable. Differential diagnosis is made between metastases in the pleura of different primary tumors (lung, colon, ovary, breast, etc., as well as synovial sarcoma). The diagnosis of PM can be considered 100 % proven only after immunohistochemistry (IHC). When establishing the operable stage, the question of surgical treatment is decided. If it is impossible to perform surgery, chemotherapy is used.
The history of the formation of phthisiology as a science
Authors: Klimov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: June 2021

Humanity has been familiar with tuberculosis for a long time: the confirmation of this was found during archaeological excavations and the discovery of traces of damage to the remains of people who lived more than 5 thousand years ago. Scientists associate this fact with the high prevalence of mycobacteria among animals, as well as the extreme duration of the disease and the high degree of chronicity of the process. The first descriptions of tuberculous lesions were found in the writings of Hippocrates. The most characteristic symptom of the disease, as in the present days, was considered hemoptysis, and the extreme degree of exhaustion and pulmonary bleeding was quite typical for this category of patients. This disease was initially called consumption, or phthisi. Subsequently, it gave the name to the science that studies various clinical manifestations in the tuberculosis process, their diagnosis and treatment. Today, phthisiology is a clinical discipline that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, as well as the main approaches to etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment.
Prevention system and medical support for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Perevezentsev Egor Aleksandrovich , Gurvich Nadezhda Ilyinichna , Agapova Tatyana Andreevna
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the prevention and medical support system for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The urgency of the problem is determined by the significant influence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the quality of life of the male population. The identified shortcomings of the prevention and medical support system (low rates of referral and awareness of the population, insufficiently high level of urological training of primary care physicians, weak continuity between outpatient clinics, etc.) indicate the need for changes in the system of urological care for patients with BPH. The combined use of effective preventive measures and minimally invasive surgical methods for treating BPH increases the efficiency of outpatient and inpatient institutions.
Methods for improving the functional and metabolic status of spermatozoa with a low-intensity laser in vitro
Authors: Khisamova A. A.
Published: June 2021

A method for improving the functional and metabolic status of spermatozoa, including increased motion and physiological activity of spermatozoa obtained from the seminal fluid of a healthy human in vitro and including the red wavelength radiation of a low-intensity laser, is characterized in that spermatozoa isolated from a healthy donor are washed with saline twice by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1500 rpm and the sperm suspension is impacted on with a 632 nm semiconductor laser in the mode of variable pulse generation, with the pulse width of 2 ns, the frequency of 100 Hz, the radiant energy density of 0.56 j/cm2 , the exposure time of 1 minute, expressed in increased motion and physiological activity of spermatozoa.
Health informatics, approaches and problems
Authors: Krylov A.P.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the main directions and problems of the introduction of information technologies in medicine. Technologies of information collection and processing using methods of mathematical modeling are studied.
Prognostic Factors Affecting Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in T4 Colon Cancer
Authors: Eom Taeyeong , Lee Yujin , Kim Jungbin , Park Inseok , Gwak Geumhee , Cho Hyunjin , Yang Keunho , Kim Kiwhan , Bae Byung-Noe
Published: June 2021

Purpose: It is known that as the T stage of a carcinoma progresses, the prognosis becomes poorer. However, there are few studies about factors that affect the prognosis of T4 advanced colon cancer. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in T4 colon cancer.Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage T4 on histopathology after undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer between March 2009 and March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for factors related to postoperative survival. Primary outcomes were DFS and OS.Results: Eighty-two patients were included in the study. DFS and OS of the pathologic (p) T4b group were not inferior to that of the pT4a group. Multivariate analysis showed that differentiation (hazard ratio [HR], 4.994; P = 0.005), and laparoscopic surgery (HR, 0.323; P = 0.008) were significant prognostic factors for DFS, while differentiation (HR, 7.904; P ≤ 0.001) and chemotherapy (HR, 0.344; P = 0.038) were significant prognostic factors for OS.Conclusion: Tumor differentiation, laparoscopic surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy were found to be significant prognostic factors in patients with T4 colon cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy and curative resections by laparoscopy might improve the prognosis in these patients.
El derecho a la igualdad de género en el ámbito educativo en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19
Authors: Navarro Cejas Mercedes , Delgado Demera Hipatia
Published: June 2021

El propósito de artículo es mostrar un análisis en el contexto jurídico y social en el que se desenvuelve la igualdad de género en la educación a raíz de la pandemia COVID 19. Al respecto se pudo evidenciar que las medidas tomadas antes de la crisis sanitaria y los logros que se habían alcanzado se ven comprometidos en el contexto de pandemia que atraviesa el mundo en la actualidad. El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo una investigación documental con un análisis de información cualitativa, con diseño no experimental, longitudinal y con respecto a su alcance es de carácter exploratorio. Se llegó a la conclusión que las mujeres y las niñas en la educación están expuestas a sensibles repercusiones tras la pandemia que pueden comprometer su empoderamiento en este aspecto.
Competencias cognitivas y comprensión lectora, en estudiantes del Área de Comunicación, nivel de educación secundaria, 2020
Authors: Vásquez Villanueva Salomón , Chávez Vallejos Karen Beatriz , Loyola Córdova Stefanny Simoné , Paucar Quispe Esther Olinda , Vásquez Campos Salomón Axel , Altez Ortiz Ethel
Published: June 2021

La investigación se realizó sobre dos variables, importantes para el área de comunicación, con el objetivo de determinar en qué medida las competencias cognitivas se relacionan con la comprensión lectora, en 193 estudiantes del área referida y del nivel de educación secundaria. Dicho estudio es descriptivo, correlacional y transeccional, de enfoque cuantitativo, cuyos estudiantes proceden de instituciones educativas privadas y estatales, quienes respondieron los dos instrumentos elaborados y validados para medir las dos variables. Los resultados son registrados en dos ámbitos: el nivel de la comprensión lectora y la correlación de las variables; el nivel de la comprensión lectora, se encuentra en logro previsto, 121 (62.7%) y en logro destacado, 55 (28.5%). En cambio, la correlación de las variables es 0,069 y un p valor de 0,338 (p valor > 0.05); en conclusión, la correlación no es significativa.
Habilidades lingüísticas y comprensión lectora en la oquedad del siglo XXI: una mirada a la Institución Educativa Politécnica de Puno – Perú
Authors: Huanca-Arohuanca Jesús Wiliam , Asqui Manzano Meredith Lency , Mamani Jilaja Dometila , Mamani-Coaquira Humberto , Huayanca Medina Pedro Carlos , Charaja Cutipa Francisco
Published: June 2021

El propósito de la investigación es analizar la relación entre habilidades lingüísticas y la comprensión de lectura en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Politécnica de Puno. Siendo el diseño de investigación el enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, con un universo poblacional de 240 estudiantes distribuidos en cinco grados y con una muestra de 148 estudiantes de tipo intencional probabilístico. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó técnicas de observación complementado con la evaluación de la comprensión de lectura procesado con SPSS. Por otro lado, los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la ficha de observación de las habilidades lingüísticas y la prueba de comprensión de textos, el cual consta de tres niveles: literal, inferencial y crítico. En conclusión, se indica que los niveles de desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas evidenciaron un grado de covariación positivo considerable (Rho = 0,616*) con relación a la comprensión de lectura representado en un 61.6%, todo ello, sustentado con los estadígrafos obtenidos que permitieron afirmar la eficacia de la técnica aplicada.
Clima organizacional y estrés en los alumnos de educación secundaria de una I. E. PNP
Authors: Tomás Quispe Gregorio Ernesto , Mamani Rodríguez Orlando
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y estrés en los alumnos del 5° año de educación secundaria de la I. E. PNP José Héctor Rodríguez Trigoso-San Martin de Porres, la metodología empleada se basa en un diseño no experimental de campo, con un nivel descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal sobre una muestra de 112 alumnos. Como conclusión se indica que en base a los estudios obtenidos, se aprecia que el clima organizacional y el estrés están estrechamente relacionados. Es importante que todos los involucrados estén dispuestos a enfrentar los cambios ocurridos dentro de esta nueva normalidad y poder aprender a confrontar situaciones que generen presión en el estudiante y así puedan controlar sus emociones sin llegar al límite de sus capacidades, convirtiendo estas situaciones en estrés que a corto o largo plazo pueda generarles daños en su salud tanto física como mental.
Gıda Paketleme Makinelerinin Kullanım Risklerinin HRNS Methodu ve FMEA Yöntemi İle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ORAL Tuğçe , BAYHUN Semra
Published: June 2021

İnsan yaşamının sürdürülebilmesi için temel gereksinimlerden biri olan gıda ihtiyacının herkes tarafından erişilebilir olması ve çıkan ürünlerin tüketici ile güvenli şekilde buluşturulmasını sağlamak için ambalajlanması sektör içerisinde farklı bir üretim hattı oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma ile örnek bir gıda ürünleri imalatı fabrikasında iş kazalarının gerçekleşme oranlarına göre değerlendirilmiş ve en fazla iş kazasının yaşandığı hattın ‘paketleme’ olması nedeniyle işin gereği kullanılan makinelerin gerek tasarım, gerek kullanım eksikliklerinin tespit edilerek iyileştirmeye yönelik karşılaştırmalı risk değerlendirme yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada örnek bir gıda ürünleri imalatı fabrikasında 2018 yılında gerçekleşen 128 iş kazası raporları incelenmiştir. Yaşanan iş kazası verileri sektöre ait çalışan güvenliği ve sağlığı tedbirlerinin uygulanmasında bazı aksaklıklar olduğunu somut bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle paketleme makinelerinin kullanım risklerinin tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde araştırma yöntemi olarak HRNS ve FMEA risk değerlendirme metotlarından faydalanılmış ve sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre makinelere yönelik detaylı risk değerlendirmesi yapabilmeyi sağlayan HRNS Metodu ile makine üreticilerine tasarım açısından referans alınabilecek çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Religious Education and the Challenge of Christian-Muslim Co-existence in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Tuduks Oholiabs D.
Published: June 2021

The northern region of Nigeria where this research is concentrated isunfortunately known of a historical religious crisis which has situated the adherents in a dysfunctional relationship. Consequently, the religious groups co-exist with diverse challenges that often trigger inter-religious tension. Nigeria is generally understood as a religious country with citizens committed to the rigorous practice of their faiths. Christians and Muslims are the proliferating religious groups who co-exist as neighbors yet as rivals struggling for dominance. One of their means of propagation and indoctrination is religious education. In Nigeria, religious education takes many forms depending on the religion and whether it is moderated through government policy or privately by the religious group. However, by religious education, I refer to a formal instruction in school where particular religious adherents are taught their doctrines, beliefs, customs, rituals, rites, and other relevant themes. Exclusive religious education in some public schools is a challenge to Christian-Muslim co-existence in Nigeria.
Klara and the Sun: A Fable of Humanity in a Posthuman World
Authors: Hosuri Ms. Anupama
Published: June 2021

Kazuo Ishiguro sets his eighth novel, Klara and the Sun in the future and uses a robot to narrate the story. Ishiguro uses a posthumanistic scenario to tell a tale of humanity. The essential questions like- what are the qualities of the human beings? And do the non-human ‘others’ like machines, robots or cyborgs display the human qualities? What can we learn from our surroundings and all the non-human factors, which will help us to lead a more fulfilling life? How should one treat the non-human ‘others’? Are explored in Klara and the Sun. Klara and the Sun is studied under the lens of the humanism, postmodernism and posthumanism to arrive at the conclusions to these above stated questions. Ishiguro uses the setting as the metaphor to convey his heartfelt message to his readers across the world. Klara and the Sun conveys the message of kindness, empathy and love to the world.
Management Research: Discussion on Leadership Study Area
Authors: Shakir Tewogbade
Published: June 2021

The study is to review leadership problems in management research. The discussion addresses the problems from theoretical backgrounds and reveal the possible leadership styles and behaviours seen in business world when such problems are experienced. Possible ways of managing the problems in order to minimize the negative effects on business outcomes was also discussed. This discussion will set pace for further specifics research in any organization settings having identified possible problems and how to formulate research questions.
Ceftriaxone-Induced Gallbladder Stones in Children
Authors: Al Saidi Dr. Maryam , Al Hashmi Dr. Samiya , Al Tahir Dr. Nuha , AL Hashami Dr. Hilal
Published: June 2021

Gallbladder stones in children is one complication that is mostly seen in diseases such as hemolytic diseases, liver disease, and obesity. It can also be a secondary complication of long-duration use of antibiotics like ceftriaxone. However, gallbladder stone, together with sludge themselves, is unusual within the children's population. We observed three children with gallbladder stones who were on along course of intravenous ceftriaxone. In this study, we present the three cases of children aged between eleven months to seven years who were treated with high doses and for an extended period (more than two weeks) of intravenous ceftriaxone for a complicated systemic bacterial infection. The goal of this study is to raise awareness about the possibility of developing gallbladder stones in pediatric patients who receive a long course of intravenous ceftriaxone.
Analysis of the Influence of Biomass Addition in Coal Mixture for Metallurgical Coke Production
Authors: Campos Alex M. A. , Assis Paulo S.
Published: June 2021

Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.
Determination of the Variations on Battery Consumption According to Temperature and Relative Humidity of Silicon Labs Si7021Wireless Sensor Systems in Greenhouse
Authors: TEZCAN Celil Serhan , GÜNDOĞDU Kemal Sulhi
Published: June 2021

Climatic parameters need to be measured and necessary arrangements should be made according to these observations in order to be suitable for greenhouse climatic conditions in agricultural production. In agricultural production, it is important to know the temporal change of climatic values belonging to different locations of the greenhouse in order to ensure the comfort of plant growing environment. Today, the use of sensors determining various climatic parameters is becoming widespread. The design of the sensor system to include battery and wireless communication technology makes it easier to position the sensor in the desired position in the greenhouse. In this study, it was tried to determine the daily battery consumption of Silicon Labs Si7021 sensors used to determine temperature and humidity values in a greenhouse according to temperature and humidity values. In this study, 18 sensors were used and placed in different locations in the greenhouse. Temperature, relative humidity and sensor battery voltage measurements were carried out for twelve months between 2016-2017 in five minute intervals. From these values, daily average temperature, relative humidity and battery voltage changes were determined. Data were tested by ANOVA, regression and correlation analyzes. According to the results, it was investigated whether there was a significant relationship between the daily battery level change in the sensors used and the daily average temperature and humidity values. It is concluded that there is no strong relationship to create regression model between daily battery voltage change and two environmental parameters for all sensors.
Epitaph for an era: Politics and rhetoric in the Carolingian world [Book Review]
Authors: pitt Georgina
Published: June 2021

Review(s) of: Epitaph for an Era: Politics and Rhetoric in the Carolingian World, by De Jong, Mayke, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019) e-book, xvi +262 pages, 1 map, RRP 22.99 pounds; ISBN: 9781108813884.
The saga of the Jomsvikings: A translation for students [Book Review]
Authors: McDonald Roderick
Published: June 2021

Review(s) of: The Saga of the Jomsvikings: A Translation for Students, by Finlay, Alison and ordis Edda Johannesdottir, The Northern Medieval World (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications/Berlin: de Gruyter, 2018) paperback, 124 pages, 1 b and w + 3 colour illustrations, RRP euro25.95; ISBN: 9781580443135.
After the Carolingians: Redefining manuscript illumination in the 10th and 11th centuries [Book Review]
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D.
Published: June 2021

Review(s) of: After the Carolingians: Redefining Manuscript Illumination in the 10th and 11th Centuries, by Kitzinger, Beatrice, and O'Driscoll, Joshua (eds), Sense, Matter, and Medium, vol. 2 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019) hardcover, xi + 482 pages, numerous colour illustrations, RRP euro61.95; ISBN: 9783110574678.
How to win new followers for Christianity?: The origins of eastern and western missions in early medieval 'younger Europe'
Authors: Salamon Maciej
Published: June 2021

The Christianisation of eastern Europe started later than in western Europe and faced challenges not faced by the West in late antiquity. In those eastern lands occupied by Slavs and others, formerly under control of the Byzantines or others, the process of re- Christianising those lands and bringing Christianity for the first time to the occupiers, was done gradually and often with cultural concessions, like the preservation of language. In Bulgaria there was an acceptance of Christianity in former Byzantine territory often associated with increasing political ties. In Frankish lands, however, where there was a push for Christianisation there was often more conflict. The pace of this increased in the ninth century with Cyril and Methodius as missionaries, whose new style of spreading Christianity and the development of a written Slavic language brought permanent success.
The Christianisation of Scandinavia
Authors: Morawiec Jakub
Published: June 2021

This paper looks at the impact of economic and social factors of contact with other peoples through trade and migration in the Christianisation of Scandinavia. It is argued that this was a slow process that operated on a number of different levels. The Carolingians and Ottonians supported one Scandinavian ruler against another, with baptism a condition of that support. Other evidence that can be found from runestones and skalds indicates that Christianisation was gaining ground by the eleventh century, although these sources of evidence are not without their own interpretive complications.
The pace of the early Christianisation of the Piast lands
Authors: Urbańczyk Przemysław
Published: June 2021

The traditional idea that the conversion of Mieszko I in 966 marked the conversion to Christianity of all of what we may consider to be Poland and its establishment as a nation is questioned in this paper. An examination of the archaeological record providess evidence of Christianity in the area before 966, which suggests that the date of 966 was selected to give some definitive support for the idea of Poland becoming civilised. It also does not provide much evidence of a massive programme of Christianisation under Mieszko I or his son and successor, Boleslaw the Brave. Full Christianisation had to wait until the thirteenth century.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonies 1–9; Gerald Barry: Beethoven Piano Concerto, Viola Concerto The Conquest of Ireland, The Eternal Recurrence (Signum Classics: 2020, 2020, 2021)
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark
Published: June 2021

A review of Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonies 1–3; Gerald Barry: Beethoven, Piano Concerto, Nicolas Hodges, Mark Stone, Britten Sinfonia conducted by Thomas Adès, Signum Classics (2020), (CD) SIGCD616.

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonies 4–6; Gerald Barry: Viola Concerto, The Conquest of Ireland, Lawrence Power, Joshua Bloom, Britten Sinfonia conducted by Thomas Adès, Signum Classics (2020), (CD) SIGCD639.

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonies 7–9; Gerald Barry: The Eternal Recurrence, Jennifer France, Christianne Stotjin, Ed Lyon, Matthew Rose, Britten Sinfonia conducted by Thomas Adès, Signum Classics (2021), (CD) SIGCD659.
A Win for the Middle Class? A Qualitative Study Mapping “Benefits” from the National Quarantine
Authors: Radzińska Jowita , Pustułka Paula
Published: June 2021

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the life situation in groups of different social status is affected to a dissimilar degree by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on data collected through online individual in-depth interviews conducted in March 2020 as the first wave of a broader qualitative longitudinal research project, we present certain unobvious benefits of the spring quarantine noticed by members of the Polish middle class. These gains were mapped across four spheres: more time and regeneration; attention to relationships; professional and skills development; and space for reflection with a global perspective. It has been demonstrated that, despite a sense of destabilisation and uncertainty brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the middle class is making use of various kinds of capital for leverage, striving to manage the change and not passively succumb to it. Perception of the situation as serious, paired with concern for the health of loved ones, is not upsetting their general sense of comfort and appreciation of their personal, family, occupational and financial situation. Worries related to experiencing risk are balanced out by the requirement to self-regulate and be proactive.
Granatowa? Nie, brunatna
Authors: Kula Marcin
Published: June 2021

The author of the essay considers Jan Grabowski’s book Na posterunku. Udział polskiej policji granatowej i kryminalnej w zagładzie Żydów [At the Station: The Participation of the Blue Police and Criminal Police in the Extermination of Jews], which presents research into the behavior of Polish policemen toward Jews during the Nazi occupation. The findings reveal that the entire organization—apart from exceptions, of course—behaved terribly. The negative behavior of the policemen went beyond even the attitude imposed by the occupiers. In the essayist’s opinion, a very valuable element of the work is its presentation of the realities of those times on the lower levels of social organization: in villages and in ghettos established in small towns. Grabowski thus made use of material that historians rarely consider. For instance, the duty roster of a police post was as significant to him as the decrees of the authorities. The essayist considers Grabowski’s work to be especially important for having appeared during a time of intense debate over relations between Christians and Jews during the occupation of Poland. The essayist emphasizes the topicality of problems of the past and certain historical publications. The appearance of the book should call into question the traditions and conception of the past to which the police force itself refers.
Lekcje z pandemii. Globalna tragedia wspólnoty
Authors: Mikiewicz Przemysław , Polus Andrzej
Published: June 2021

W tekście podejmujemy próbę odpowiedzi na jedno z kluczowych pytań z zakresu studiów nad globalnym ładem międzynarodowym – czy pandemia COVID 19 jest katalizatorem upadku Zachodu na arenie międzynarodowej? Artykuł jest napisany z perspektywy społecznokonstruktywistycznej, zaś w centrum naszych rozważań znajduje się zagadnienie kryzysu zaufania do wiedzy naukowej. Założyliśmy, że to właśnie bezprecedensowa w dziejach ludzkości przewaga cywilizacji zachodniej w zakresie tworzenia i weryfikowania wiedzy zapewniła jej dominującą pozycję w świecie. Obecnie, poza bezpośrednio obserwowalną konfrontacją na polach gospodarczych i politycznych ma miejsce niedostrzegany kryzys zaufania do wiedzy. Argumentujemy za tym, że mająca obecnie miejsce w stosunkach międzynarodowych „ucieczka od rozumu”, przejawia się w globalnej „tragedii wspólnego pastwiska”, zaś fundamentalne dla pozycji Zachodu w stosunkach międzynarodowych zaufanie do wiedzy ulega rozkładowi, co ma przełożenie na tezę o osłabianiu cywilizacji łacińskiej.