bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Art Creation and Human Reproduction
Authors: Tryka Barbara
Published: March 2021

Twórczość artystyczna a reprodukcja człowieka

Artykuł dotyczy performansu Niepokalana (2020), w którym australijska artystka Casey Jenkins podjęła tematykę queerowej reprodukcji i rodzicielstwa. Artystka zmierzała do samozapłodnienia przy użyciu nasienia od dawcy, transmitując performans na żywo. Proces miał być powtarzany co miesiąc w zależności od dnia owulacji aż do poczęcia. Autorka artykułu dokonuje krytycznej analizy i interpretacji Niepokalnej w kontekście udawania i autentyczności działań artystki. Następnie autorka omawia problem zacierania przez artystkę granic pomiędzy jej własnym życiem a sztuką, pomiędzy prokreacją a działaniem artystycznym oraz wyjaśnia związek pomiędzy procesem twórczym a jego wytworem. Finalnie autorka omawia możliwe zastrzeżenia w stosunku do Niepokalanej, w tym kwestię poczęcia dziecka jako dzieła sztuki. Sedno kontrowersji tkwi w utożsamieniu procesu tworzenia sztuki i prokreacji. Autorka stawia hipotezę, że rezygnacja z prawdziwej inseminacji nie musi jednak podważać autentyczności performansu, a nawet może wzmocnić jego autentyczność. Autorka artykułu dowartościowuje moralny aspekt decyzji artystycznej, zarówno w perspektywie autentyczności twórczości artystycznej, jak i w kontekście znaczenia działań artystycznych dla człowieka oraz relacji pomiędzy osobą artysty a publicznością.
Paracetamol versus Diclofenac as Intravenous Post-Operative Analgesia in Patients after Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Adiththan Ashwanth Bagavannathan , Natarajan Ramya , Krishnan Sanmuga Piriya , Lazarus Suneeth P.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery is becoming a widely used procedure in recent days due to its minimal invasive nature and faster recovery. Pain is a stressful stimulus in postoperative period. Pain is a subjective experience. Poor pain management may hinder better postoperative outcome, leading to patient suffering and lengthened recovery period. We wanted to compare the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous diclofenac for post-operative analgesia following laparoscopic surgeries. METHODS This randomised controlled double-blind prospective study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2019 among 48 participants posted for laparoscopic abdominal surgeries, block randomised into 24 participants each in 2 groups. All patients were given general anaesthesia and 30 minutes prior to extubation patients were given the test drug according to the groups assigned using closed envelop technique. The test drugs were continued post operatively at prescribed intervals. Visual analogue score (VAS) score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, need for rescue analgesia with inj. tramadol 50 mg intramuscular (IM) and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were noted. RESULTS The study results showed increased pain scores in diclofenac group up to 12 hours but were statistically insignificant. High pain score was seen in diclofenac group at 24 hours with statically significant P-value of 0.022 and PONV occurring in 3 patients. Paracetamol group had better haemodynamic stability. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous paracetamol and intravenous diclofenac were found to be equally effective in post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries; however, paracetamol has an advantage of providing better analgesia for longer duration with better haemodynamic stability. KEYWORDS Intravenous Paracetamol, Intravenous Diclofenac, Laparoscopic Surgeries, PostOperative Analgesia
Efficacy and Safety of Ultra Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Pills in Rural Indian Women - A Prospective, Open Label Study
Authors: Sharma Sheela Raghavendra
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptive pills are the most effective temporary contraception methods and are used by approximately 60 - 80 million eligible women throughout the world. It is the oestrogen component of the combined oral contraceptive (COC) which is responsible for the undesirable and serious side effects such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). So, there has been a constant effort to reduce the amount of ethinyl estradiol (EE) while maintaining its contraceptive efficacy. This study was aimed at studying the safety and efficacy of ultralow dose combined oral contraceptive (containing 15 mcg EE + 60 mcg gestodene) in rural Indian women. METHODS The study was done at Rama Medical College, Mandhana, Kanpur, among 70 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The patients were given ULDOCP and followed up for 6 months. The patients followed the regime of one tablet of ULDOCP daily from day 1 to day 24 of the menstrual cycle with 4 days pill free period before starting the next pack. RESULTS Seventy patients completed the study till 3 months and fifty patients completed the study till 6 months. Break through bleeding (BTB) was the only prominent side effect which was reduced in subsequent cycles and our patients tolerated this well. No pregnancy resulted. The ULDCOP was very well accepted by those women who were counselled about possible side effects and their harmless nature before starting the study. It was found that the users were satisfied with the use of ULDOCP. All side effects were significantly lower after 2 months of use and there were no serious side effects. CONCLUSIONS The 24 / 4 ULDOCP regimen seems to be a safe and effective contraceptive method for use in rural population after properly counselling them. The reduced pill free interval of 4 days offered additional advantages. KEYWORDS Ultra-Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Pills (ULDOCP), Ethinyl Estradiol (EE), Safe Contraception, Gestodene, BTB (Break Through Bleeding)
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Endotracheal Tube, Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme and I Gel in Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Saini Heena , Angral Rajesh , Gupta Neelam
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Present study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) supreme and I gel, the second generation supraglottic airway devices in laparoscopic surgeries. METHODS 120 patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II (20 - 50 years) of either sex who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. Airway was secured with endotracheal tube (ETT) in group E (N = 40), with LMA supreme in Group S (N = 40) and with I-gel in group I (N = 40). Insertion characteristics of airway device, ease of gastric tube insertion, haemodynamic response and perioperative laryngopharyngeal morbidities were assessed. RESULTS I-gel was easier to insert with higher first attempt success rate (95 %) than LMA Supreme (85 %) and ETT (90 %) but it was statistically insignificant. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in ETT group at the time of intubation, continued till 5 minutes and also at the time of extubation but statistically significant increase in HR and MAP were noted in group S and I only at the time of device insertion. Gastric tube was easier to insert in group S with shortest insertion time which was statistically significant. Incidence of coughing, dysphonia, dysphagia and sore throat was significantly more in group E. CONCLUSIONS I-gel and LMA Supreme can be used as an alternative to ETT for airway management in adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries. KEYWORDS Endotracheal Tube, I-gel, LMA Supreme, Supraglottic Airway Device
Observational Study of Demographic Factors among Patients Posted for Major Neurosurgical Procedures in an Elective Setting at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sarojini Rajeev Damodaran , Thulaseedharan Nimitha Malathy , Christhudas Jayakumar
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Major neurosurgical procedures are to be well planned prior to surgery. For Preventing the mortality a morbidity, preparedness preoperatively is essential for smooth conduct of the prolonged neurosurgical procedures. Both anaesthesia and surgery may carry inadvertent risks to patients. Study of the demographic factors like age, sex, associated disease (in the form of ASA-PS stratification) and type of surgery are useful in this direction. METHODS It is a small group cross sectional study. Major neurosurgical elective procedures are very limited even in tertiary medical centres. Demographic factors are elicited preoperatively in the patients. Since these patients were posted electively for major neurosurgeries, their mentation is usually stable, with good Glascow coma scale scores. RESULTS 36 % of patients were males and 64 % patients were females, 56 % paients belonged to ASA PS I with no systemic illness. Majority of patients belonged to the age group 41-50 years. CONCLUSIONS The mean height of the patients was 164.2 cm with a standard deviation of 7. Mean weight of the patients was 63.2 Kg + 7.1. KEYWORDS CP Angle – Cerebello Pontine Angle, CVP – Central Venous Pressure, NIBP- Non Invasive Blood Pressure, BIS – Bispectral Index, ECG – Electrocardiogram, TBI – Traumatic Brain Injury
Path-Organism Burden and Antibiogram Outline of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Mustaqueem Mohammad , Mahto Vindeshwar , Poddar Chandan Kumar , Chouhan Rita , Kumar Prity Mohan , M.N Singh
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen involved in a variety of nosocomial infections like pneumonia, bacteraemia, wound infection and urinary tract infection. It is also involved in infections of rigorous burns and infections in immunocompromised persons. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogenic P. aeruginosa isolated from a variety of clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified using standard methods from various clinical samples collected over a period of seven months. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was approved by the ethical committee. The study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Microbiology at MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. This hospital has ICUs, one emergency ward, surgical & medical wards and Out-Patient Departments. RESULTS Our study showed the prevalence of P. aeruginosa during the study period from January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Microbiology at MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. A total of 1389 clinical samples were aerobically cultured, out of which 758 (54.6 %) yielded significant growth and the rest 630 (45.4 %) samples were either sterile or showed non-significant growth. From 758 positive growth samples, 161 (21.20 %) P. aeruginosa were isolated CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of P. aeruginosa as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and high frequency of antimicrobial resistance among the clinical isolates demand regular monitoring of antibiogram of P. aeruginosa isolates with proper implementation of antimicrobial policy. Antibiotics should be used appropriately with care. Antimicrobial therapy should not be started unless there is clear evidence of infection and infection to be handled with proper infection control measures. KEYWORDS Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pus Samples, Antimicrobial Resistance
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis and Its Complications – A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Narra Rama Krishna , Boddepalli Manjeera , Munjuwanpalli Narasimhachary , Pasupaleti Bhimeswarao
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is described as acute inflammation of the pancreas with or without peripancreatic abnormalities. The present study describes the role of computed tomography in the evaluation and grading of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is a dynamic disease having biphasic mortality peaks due to two overlapping phases, which include early and late due to increased obesity, ageing of population, alcohol abuse, increased gall stone incidence, the worldwide AP incidence is increasing. Most important causes of AP in developing countries such as India include increased alcohol consumption. Contrast enhanced computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosis of the disease and helps in determining the prognosis of the disease. Modified CT severity index scoring system is the most commonly used scoring system for assessment of the severity of the disease. METHODS The present study is a prospective study of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis referred to the Department of Radio Diagnosis at Katuri medical college. This study comprised of 50 patients with clinical suspicion / diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, raised pancreatic biochemical parameters like serum amylase and serum lipase. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was performed in these patients, findings reported, and the disease was classified using modified CT scoring index system (MCTSI). RESULTS The mean age of the patients in the present study was 42.3 ± 12.28 years. Most of the patients presented with abdominal epigastric pain, abdominal distension. Acute pancreatitis was divided into acute oedematous pancreatitis and necrotising pancreatitis, the former being common. Complications included, ascites, pleural effusions, splenic vein thrombosis, portal venous thrombosis, and haemorrhages. CONCLUSIONS Contrast enhanced CT is useful to differentiate between oedematous and necrotising types of pancreatitis. The MCTSI helps in better evaluation of pancreatic necrosis grading. The modified computed tomography score index correlation with the development of local and systemic complications in acute pancreatitis is well established. Ideally, conducting contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) after 48 - 72 hours of acute attack, increases the probability of identifying necrotising pancreatitis. CT in particular has an overall accuracy of about 87 % and sensitivity and specificity of 100 % in the recognition of pancreatic necrosis. KEYWORDS Computed Tomography, Acute Pancreatitis, Pseudocyst, Modified CT Score Index
Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ovarian Torsion - A Retrospective Study in Hoskote
Authors: Anuradha Vinjamuri , Venkateswaran Prashanth , P.C. Manasa Pandith , Shirbur Puneet
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary twists on its fibrovascular pedicle resulting in vascular compromise. Initially, there is twisting of the ovary, fallopian tube, or both structures, causing venous, lymphatic and arterial compromise with resultant ovarian oedema and adnexal enlargement. We wanted to determine the most common ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in surgically proven cases of ovarian torsion. METHODS We present a series of cases obtained on retrospective review of USG and MRI findings in 10 surgically proven cases of ovarian torsion between June 2018 to June 2020 in the Department of Radiology, MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital, Hoskote. RESULTS Significant enlargement of the ovary with size ranging from 5 to 15 cms with peripherally displaced follicles and free fluid in the pelvis in noted in all the patients on USG and MRI. Other common MRI features include ‘twisted vascular pedicle’ sign seen in 7 (70 %) cases, areas of haemorrhage within the ovarian stroma in 7 (70 %) cases and abnormal ovarian enhancement in 9 (90 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound and MRI are the main diagnostic imaging modalities prior to treatment. Improved detection and characterisation of pelvic mass contributes to better diagnostic accuracy. The most common findings in US and MRI features of ovarian torsion include ovarian enlargement with peripherally displaced follicles and free fluid in pelvis. Other common MRI features include ovarian haemorrhage, twisted vascular pedicle, abnormal ovarian enhancement and deviation of the uterus towards the same side. KEYWORDS Ovarian torsion, USG, MRI
Acro-Renal Syndrome with Open Lip Schizencephaly – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mondal Mojahid , Pandit Narayan
Published: March 2021

A 7-day-old new-born was referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital to evaluate enlargement of head circumference. On clinical examination of this new-born we found macrocephaly and absent right thumb as well as deformed left thumb. No other clinical abnormalities were seen in this new-born apart from this. Facial structures, spine, upper and lower limbs, trunks were normal clinically. Transcranial ultrasound was done using LOGIQ P9 ultrasound machine which revealed an open lip schizencephaly involving right cerebral hemisphere with absence of corpus callosum. Trans abdominal sonography revealed non visualisation of left kidney in left renal fossa as well as in its usual ectopic position. Therefore, the new-born underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and whole abdomen which confirmed ultrasound findings. MRI additionally revealed there was no ocular, anorectal and genito-urinary malformations. Infantogram was done to evaluate the skeleton of this new-born. Fetal echocardiography revealed no obvious cardiac anomalies.
Comparison of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Critical and Non-Critical Areas at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: B Apoorva , Mohan Sneha , Manjhi Mukesh , Kakru Dalip
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common gram-negative bacterium associated with nosocomial infections. Active observation of changes in antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is necessary for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agent for empirical therapy. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in critical and non-critical areas. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from various samples in critical and non-critical areas during one-year period were included in the study. The isolates were identified using standard laboratory procedures, and the susceptibility was checked using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion assay according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines-2019. RESULTS During one-year period, 224 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were isolated from patients admitted to various units, out of which 143 (63.8 %) were from noncritical areas and 81 (36.1 %) were from critical areas. Highest isolation from noncritical area was observed from pus sample 49 (34.26 %) followed by sputum and urine samples 46 (32.16 %) and 27 (16.78 %) respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from critical areas were mainly from endotracheal aspirates 36 (44.4 %) and all were multidrug resistant (MDR) (36.3 %). CONCLUSIONS The present study helps in understanding the emergence of MDR strains in intensive care units (ICUs). Thus, regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is important for reducing the healthcare associated infection (HAI) rates and antimicrobial resistance. KEYWORDS Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Critical and Non-Critical Areas
The Place of Early Period ERCP in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis?
Authors: ASLAN Serdar , PEKER Kemal , YILDIRGAN Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Objective: Acute pancreatitis; It can be defined as a clinical picture that occurs as a result of non_bacterial inflammation of the pancreas and may progress with pathological findings. For years, various studies have been conducted on the use of Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatic Cholangiography and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for therapeutic purposes in Acute Pancreatitis. For years, various studies have been conducted on the use of Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatic Cholangiography and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for therapeutic purposes in Acute Pancreatitis.

In our study, we aimed to examine either the effectiveness of Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatic Cholangiography and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in patients with mild severity and how the endoscopic procedure affects the course of the disease.

Material and Method: In this study, patients with mild pancreatitis were selected among the patients who applied to the Department of General Surgery, of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine and diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).

After the patients were separated according to the mild pancreatitis table, early (within 72 hours) and late period, they were randomly selected to be performed Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatic cholangiography and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy. 59 patients were detected in this way.

Results: Twelve (20.3%) of the patients included in our study were male, and 47 (79.7%) were female, and their ages were between 25-75 years (mean 64.3 years). Two groups were created in order to perform ERCP/ES in the early and late periods. All patients had acute onset abdominal pain and serum amylase levels have been ranging between (1012-7660 UI/L).

Conclusion: Consequently, we can say that; in patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis, there is no significant difference in the early (first 72 hours) ERCP/ES results compared to the results of patients with ERCP/ES in the late period.
The determination of breast cancer risk factors: A single centre experience
Authors: AKHANLI Pınar , KAYHAN Sanem , İMAMOĞLU Gökşen İnanç , AYDIN İSAK Özlem , HEPŞEN Sema
Published: March 2021

Aim: In developing countries like our country, the frequency of breast cancer is gradually increasing. There are several risk factors of breast cancer. Besides that there can be some unrevealed risk factors. The aim of our study is to reveal demographic data of patients with breast cancer followed up in our hospital and the risk factors of breast cancer.

Material and Methods: 237 female patients treated with the diagnosis of breast cancer between 2005 and 2015 were included in the study. Demographic information, familial features, type of breast cancer, histology, stage-grade, hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of the patients were recorded from the files of the patients.The patients diagnosed with breast cancer were grouped in terms of risk factors, prognostic factors, and the characteristics of breast cancer.

Results: A significant correlation was detected between early menarche and PR+ (p=0.034). It was observed that the disease occurred earlier in patients with early menarche (p=0.004). A high positive correlation was detected between TNBC and tumor size (p=0.019 r=0.581). Breast cancer was occuring in early ages in nulliparous patients and there was a moderate positive correlation between them (p=0.024 r=0.284).

Conclusions: We revealed that breast cancer might occur in early ages in females with early menarche or both with early menarche and nulliparity. Understanding the etiopathogenesis of this common disease is necessary to determine the content of early diagnosis, treatment, and screening programs. Each society should have their unique screening programmes as distinct from Western societies.
Sistemska ureditev nadzora nad policijo v Kanadi
Authors: Osrajnik Aljaž
Published: March 2021

Kanada je le ena izmed mnogih držav, ki se je bila v preteklih nekaj desetletjih primorana soočiti s korenito reformo in demokratizacijo nacionalnovarnostnega sistema, kamor se uvrščajo tudi organi pregona in preiskovanja. Zaradi številnih zlorab policije na področju spoštovanja temeljnih človekovih pravic in svoboščin državljanov Kanade se je v tem reformnem procesu močno poudarila potreba po vzpostavitvi sistema demokratičnega nadzora nad delom policije. Oblikovani so bili številni nadzorni organi tako na zvezni kot provincialni in lokalni ravni. Kanada je v sistem nadzora poleg že uveljavljenih institucionalnih oblik implementirala nove oblike »civilnega« (državljanskega) nadzora, ki jih zastopajo organi, kot so komisije za sprejem pritožb nad delom policije, občinski nadzorni odbori, posebne preiskovalne enote, namenjene preiskovanju hujših kaznivih dejanj pooblaščenih uradnih oseb in podobno. Na splošno lahko ugotovimo, da je Kanada z reformo vzpostavila višje standarde vladavine prava in demokratičnega delovanja policije in drugih organov nacionalnovarnostnega sistema. Prispevek se osredotoča na sistemsko ureditev nadzora nad delom policije v Kanadi s poudarkom na predstavitvi mehanizmov državljanskega nadzora.
Nadzor nad delom policije v Franciji
Authors: Koren Fric Jona
Published: March 2021

Ob posegu pripadnikov varnostnih sil v človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine je ključnega pomena nadzor nad opravljanjem dela policije in pripadnikov drugih varnostnih organov. Zanimalo nas je, kako so organizirane policijske sile in kako so sistemsko urejeni mehanizmi nadzora nad delom policije v Franciji. Ugotovili smo, da poleg neposrednega nadzora nad delom državne policije in državne žandarmerije (izvajajo ga župani, prefekti in generalni poveljniki) notranji nadzor izvajata še Generalni inšpektorat za nacionalno policijo in Generalni inšpektorat za nacionalno žandarmerijo v okviru Ministrstva za notranje zadeve. Nadzorna državna organa naj bi delovala neodvisno in nepristransko, vendar bi status dejanske neodvisnosti v očeh javnosti lahko pridobila le v primeru, če ne bi delovala v okviru Ministrstva za notranje zadeve, saj je le-to tesno povezano z delovanjem obeh policijskih sil. V Franciji je poleg notranjega vzpostavljen tudi zunanji nadzor, ki ga izvajajo Varuh človekovih pravic in druge neodvisne organizacije.
Nadzor nad delom policije v Republiki Hrvaški
Authors: Koren Fric Jona , Šuta Živa
Published: March 2021

Nadzor nad delom policije je ključnega pomena pri zagotavljanju zakonitosti, strokovnosti in legitimnosti policijskega dela. Zanimalo nas je, kako so sistemsko urejeni mehanizmi nadzora nad delom policije v Republiki Hrvaški. Ugotovili smo, da poleg neposrednega notranjega nadzora na vseh organizacijskih ravneh (izvajajo ga načelniki policijskih postaj, načelniki policijskih uprav, generalni direktor policije in minister za notranje zadeve) nadzor nad delom policije izvajata še Služba za notranji nadzor v okviru Kabineta ministra za notranje zadeve in Oddelek za nadzor, izboljšanje in razvoj policije v okviru Kabineta generalnega direktorja policije. Hrvaška z delovanjem omenjenih organov učinkovito zagotavlja strokovni nadzor nad delom policije, status dejanske neodvisnosti v očeh javnosti pa bi ti mehanizmi pridobili le, če omenjeni organi ne bi delovali v ustroju Ministrstva za notranje zadeve. Institucionalna neodvisnost je zagotovljena z različnimi oblikami zunanjega nadzora, ki ga izvajajo Komisija za pritožbe, parlament, Varuh človekovih pravic in nekatere druge neodvisne organizacije.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В СИСТЕМЕ ВОДА–ПОРОДА РАЙОНА РАЗРАБАТЫВАЕМОГО КАРЬЕРА БУТОВОГО КАМНЯ В ПИТКЯРАНТСКОМ РУДНОМ РАЙОНЕ (КАРЕЛИЯ)
Authors: Конышев Артем Александрович , Сидкина Евгения Сергеевна , Солдатова Евгения Александровна , Догадкин Денис Николаевич , Громяк Ирина Николаевна
Published: March 2021

Актуальность. Изучение особенностей перераспределения химических элементов в системе вода–порода в районах, где ведется активная разработка месторождений полезных ископаемых, актуально ввиду потенциального влияния этих процессов на экологическую обстановку и изменение геохимических условий природной среды. В частности, это важно для выбранного района, который входит в площадь водосбора крупнейшего природного резервуара пресной воды в Европе – Ладожского озера. Целью представленного исследования является изучение выноса химических элементов водой из гранитоидных пород, вскрытых карьером, и их дальнейшего поведения в природных водах и донных отложениях района. Объектом исследования являются природные воды и донные отложения района разрабатываемого карьера бутового камня (Питкярантский рудный район, республика Карелия). Авторы проследили изменения химического состава природных вод и связанных с ними донных отложений по мере движения воды от ее сброса из карьера до впадения в речную сеть. Методы. Анализ химического состава природных вод и донных отложений проведен стандартными методами: потенциометрия, титриметрия, ICP-AES, ICP-MS. Исследования минералов в составе пород карьера бутового камня проведено при помощи LA-ICP-MS, химический состав горных пород изучен методами XRF, ICP-MS и ICP-AES. Физико-химическое моделирование форм нахождения в природных водах и осаждения минералов проведено в программном комплексе HydroGeo. Верификация модели проведена на основе анализа химического состава донных отложений. Результаты. В изученных водных объектах в отдельных точках отмечены превышения ПДК Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, V. При удалении от карьера бутового камня снижается величина общей минерализации природных вод и содержание макрокомпонетов, а также Sr, U, V, Mo, Zn, Cd. Концентрация железа, наоборот, увеличивается ввиду роста содержания органического вещества в воде. В донных отложениях пик концентрации многих элементов (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cs, Ce, La, Y) наблюдается в точке сброса воды из карьера. Максимальное содержание U отмечается чуть ниже по потоку изучаемых вод, что согласуется с данными по составу донных отложений и моделирования, которые указывают на возможность выпадения уранинита из водного раствора в водоеме, сформировавшемся при сбросе воды из карьера бутового камня и истоке ручья, берущего начало в этом водоеме. Роль органического вещества в изученных водах высока для процесса накопления железа в воде за счет образования устойчивого гидроксо-фульватного комплекса железа, а также для редкоземельных элементов за счет образования комплекса с гуминовой кислотой. Анализ распространенности, форм нахождения и осаждения химических элементов позволили заключить, что эксплуатация карьера бутового камня вносит существенный вклад в перераспределение химических элементов в изучаемом районе.
ЛИТОЛОГО-ФАЦИАЛЬНОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ УФИМСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ ПЕРМСКОГО КРАЯ
Authors: Плюснин Алексей Владимирович , Сулима Александр Иванович , Тимофеев Владислав Дмитревич , Коваль Дмитрий Валерьевич , Дементьева Ксения Владимировна
Published: March 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью уточнения литолого-фациального и секвенс-стратиграфического строения отложений пермской системы. На сегодняшний день существует проблема стратиграфического положения и самостоятельности уфимского яруса. За последние три десятилетия исследователи высказывали разные предположения об изменении объемов яруса. Из-за особенностей осадконакопления основными биостратиграфическими группами для Волго-Камского региона являются: остракоды, пелециподы, споры и пыльца, растительные остатки, фрагменты рыб и позвоночных, интервалы распространения которых ограничены границами фациальных зон. Отсюда и возникает ограниченность биостратиграфических методов, из-за которых исследователям до сегодняшнего дня не удавалось четко определить границы и объём яруса. Цель: разделение отложений на секвенсы четвертого порядка и уточнения литолого-фациального строения. Объекты: геологические разрезы и глубокие скважины центральной части Пермского края. Методы: геокартирование геологических разрезов; скважинная корреляция; литолого-фациальное описание; палеогеографические реконструкции. Результаты. Проведение корреляции наиболее типичных разрезов помогло авторам описать строение, вещественный состав и построить сводный разрез уфимского яруса. Субмеридиональный профиль по изученным скважинам позволил показать смену типов разреза по площади от максимальных толщин в районе Соликамской и Висимской впадины, до нормальных в платформенной части Пермского края. В разрезе уфимского яруса выделено два секвенса четвертого порядка. Первый секвенс по объёму соответствует нижнесоликамской подсвите. Второй секвенс выделен в объёме верхнесоликамской подсвиты и шешминской свиты. Зафиксировано стратиграфическое несогласие с признаками субаэральной экспозиции на границе кунгурского и уфимского яруса и нижне- и верхнесоликамской подсвиты.
ВУЛКАНОГЕННЫЕ ПРОСЛОИ В БАЖЕНОВСКОЙ СВИТЕ ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОГО ОСАДОЧНОГО БАССЕЙНА
Authors: Кондрашова Елена Сергеевна
Published: March 2021

Актуальность. Детальное изучение вещественного состава и особенностей строения выделенных в отложениях баженовской свиты вулканогенных горизонтов позволит уточнить закономерности их регионального формирования и распределения на территории Западно-Сибирского осадочного бассейна, а также получить новые данные о вулканизме, проявленном в верхнеюрское время на территории исследования. Цель: определение особенностей состава и строения аномально люминесцирующих горизонтов баженовской свиты, доказывающих их вулканогенное происхождение, а также поиск закономерностей их распределения на территории исследования. Объекты: осадочные породы, люминесцирующие прослои и вмещающие отложения баженовской свиты. Методы: рентгенофазовый анализ, петрографический анализ. Результаты. В центральной и юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирского осадочного бассейна в отложениях баженовской свиты обнаружены люминесцирующие в ультрафиолетовом освещении прослои мощностью 0,2–45 см. Изучение минерального состава, особенностей строения и структурно-текстурных признаков выделенных горизонтов позволило определить природу их образования как вулканогенно-пирокластическую. Предполагается, что исследуемые прослои образовались в результате диа- и катагенетического преобразования вулканокластического материала туфовых осадков в обстановке застойного моря с высоким содержанием органического вещества. По результатам проведенных исследований выявлены два типа вулканогенных горизонтов, которые отличаются друг от друга по минеральному, петрографическому и химическому составу. Первый горизонт отнесен к глинистому типу. Он сложен в основном глинистыми минералами (каолинитом и смешаннослойными минералами иллит-смектитового ряда) с примесью обломочного алевритового материала. Второй горизонт характеризуется преимущественно кремнистым (кварцевым) составом и отнесен к кремнистому типу. Каждый из выделенных горизонтов обособлен в разрезе и соответствует своему вулканическому событию позднеюрского времени.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕПЛОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БИОМАССЫ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ДОЛЕЙ МИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ МЕДЛЕННОГО ПИРОЛИЗА
Authors: Табакаев Роман Борисович , Астафьев Александр Владимирович , Ивашутенко Александр Сергеевич , Языков Николай Алексеевич , Заворин Александр Сергеевич
Published: March 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения изменения теплофизических характеристик биомассы в процессе её термического преобразования применительно к проектированию технологического оборудования и энергетическому использованию. Цель: изучение теплофизических характеристик биомассы с различной долей минерализации в процессе её медленного пиролиза. Объекты: ресурсы биомассы, имеющие различную степень минерализации – солома (Ad=2,8 %), некондиционные пшеничные отруби (Ad=6,9 %), низинный торф Суховского месторождения (Ad=22,8 %). Методы. Теплотехнические характеристики образцов биомассы и их углеродистого остатка определены согласно аттестованным методикам (ГОСТ Р 54186-2010 (EN 14774-1: 2009), ГОСТ Р 56881-2016 (Е1755-01), ГОСТ 11305-2013, 11306-2013, ГОСТ 32990-2014 (EN 15148: 2009); значения теплоты сгорания установлены при помощи калориметра АБК-1 (РЭТ, Россия) в соответствии с ГОСТ 147-2013 (ISO 1928-2009); элементный анализ её органической части определен на приборе Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Германия); термическая переработка осуществлена методами дифференциального термического анализа и физического эксперимента; теплофизические характеристики биомассы и её углеродистого остатка измерены методом лазерной вспышки при помощи анализатора температуропроводности Discovery Laser Flash 1 (DLF-1); измерения истинной плотности выполнены с помощью автоматического газового пикнометра Ultrapyc-1200e (Quantachrome Instruments, США); структуру рассматриваемого углеродного остатка, полученного при пиролизе биомассы, исследовали методом сканирующей микроскопии на электронном микроскопе VEGA 3 SBU (TESCAN, Чехия). Результаты. Пиролиз соломы и отрубей протекает в две стадии, различающиеся средней скоростью разложения – (0,38…0,41) % °С–1 и 0,09 % °С–1 соответственно. Разложение торфа протекает во всем температурном диапазоне 220–500 °С при среднем значении скорости разложения 0,11 % °С–1. Теплопроводность углеродных остатков из соломы и отрубей, имеющих относительно невысокую для биомассы величину зольности, несущественно изменяется вплоть до 400 °С, после чего её значение возрастает. Теплоемкость этих образцов увеличивается с температурой их получения до 300 °С, после чего происходит её резкое снижение. Углеродистый остаток, полученный при 500 °С, имеет более высокое значение теплоемкости по сравнению с остатком при 400 °С. Отмеченные изменения можно объяснить разложением компонентов органической части биомассы – целлюлозы и лигнина. Теплоемкость и теплопроводность углеродного остатка из суховского торфа, имеющего высокую долю минерализации (Ad = 22,8%), снижаются во всем рассмотренном температурном диапазоне, что обусловлено повышением доли неорганических компонентов за счет разложения органической массы, что подтверждается ростом плотности твердой фазы.
ПНЕВМОКОМПЕНСАТОР ДЛЯ ПЛУНЖЕРНОГО НАСОСА С ПОГРУЖНЫМ ЛИНЕЙНЫМ ПРИВОДОМ
Authors: Уразаков Камил Рахматуллович , Тимашев Эдуард Олегович , Абдуллин Наиль Ахиярович
Published: March 2021

Актуальность. Разработана конструкция и принцип работы пневмокомпенсатора для плунжерного насоса с погружным магнитоэлектрическим двигателем, позволяющего снизить амплитуду колебаний давления на выкиде насоса путем выравнивания скорости потока жидкости в лифтовых трубах. При использовании в пневмокомпенсаторах диафрагмы, выполненной из резины с армированием, она становится устойчивой к разрушению, что в целом увеличивает эффективность работы и срок эксплуатации пневмокомпенсатора. Цель: разработать пневмокомпенсатор для плунжерного насоса с погружным магнитоэлектрическим двигателем. Провести прочностной анализ и оценку эффективности применения диафрагмы с армированием в пневмокомпенсаторах, применяемых для снижения пульсаций скорости и давления потока флюида в насосно-компрессорных трубах; обосновать выбор материала диафрагмы пневмокомпенсатора. Объекты: скважинные пневмокомпенсаторы, погружной бесштанговый плунжерный насос с линейным магнитоэлектрическим двигателем, колонна насосно-компрессорных труб. Методы: имитационное моделирование диафрагмы, закрепленной на перфорированной трубе, с применением программного комплекса «Компас 3D» модуль APMFEM; задание в граничных условиях расчетной модели технологических параметров при моделировании численных значений скорости, расхода, давления, температуры аналогичными действующей скважинной установке. Результаты. Установлено, что максимальные напряжения, возникающие в диафрагме в процессе работы пневмокомпенсатора, в 4 раза меньше предельно допускаемых, что показывает работоспособность пневмокомпенсатора в скважинных условиях. Показано положительное влияние армирования диафрагмы с точки зрения снижения максимальных напряжений в эластичной оболочке. Проанализировано влияние технологических параметров пневмокомпенсаторов (суммарного газового объема, начального давления в газовой камере) на эффективность их работы. Обосновано оптимальное давление зарядки пневмокомпенсаторов, которое не должно превышать минимально давление в насосно-компрессорных трубах в течение цикла откачки, чтобы исключить негативное влияние прижатия эластичной оболочки к перфорированной трубе (внутренней стенке пневмокомпенсатора).
SİNEMA ALANI LİSANSÜSTÜ PROGRAMLARDA ESER ODAKLI TEZ HAZIRLAMA PROSEDÜRÜ: TERMİNOLOJİ, YÖNTEM VE YAPI ÜZERİNE
Authors: ÇINAR Cem
Published: March 2021

Sinema alanında film üretimini esas alan (eser odaklı) lisansüstü tez hazırlama süreci, farklı iki muhakeme biçimi ve entelektüel pratiği gerektirmektedir. Tezi hazırlayan kişiden bir sanat eseri geliştirmesi beklenirken, diğer taraftan bu sanatsal pratiği sorgulayacak bilimsel-kuramsal ve argümantatif nitelik taşıyan bir analiz yapması beklenmektedir. Ancak, eser odaklı tez hazırlayan kişi, muhakeme biçimi ve yöntemleri farklı olan bu iki yaklaşımı nasıl uzlaştıracağı konusunda sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Öte yandan, sinema alanında lisansüstü eğitim veren yükseköğretim kurumlarının tez hazırlama yönergeleri biçimsel yapı ve yöntem bakımından sosyal bilimlerin ilkelerini esas almaktadır. Bu durum yönergelerin hukuki yapısı bakımından kabul edilebilirdir. Ancak sinema alanında eser odaklı tezlerin sanatsal üretim pratiğiyle ilgili prosedür bu yönergelerde kendine yer bulamamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, dünyanın önde gelen üniversitelerinin sinema alanı lisansüstü programlarında, çoğunlukla eser odaklı tez üretimini merkeze alan bir eğitim programının tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, problemlerin sinema alanı bağlamında aldığı münferit durumu görünür kılmakla birlikte paralel çalışma planı ve muhakeme biçimini içeren pedagojik bir öneri getirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
SANAL KÜLTÜRÜN YENİ ANLAM İNŞACILARI MARKALAR: KÜRESEL MARKALARIN REKLAM ANALİZİ
Authors: DEMİREL Çağatay , DEĞİRMENCİ Fatih
Published: March 2021

Dijital devrimlerin toplumun bütün katmanlarında kendini hissettirdiği çağımızda sanal kültür, artık modern bir kültür olgusu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kültürün anlam üretme aracıları olan dijital ekranlar ve mobil iletişim araçları, bireylerin davranışlarında önemli tutum değişikliklerine yol açarken; diğer yandan da markaların anlam inşasında kilit rol oynamaktadır. Tüketim olgusunun cazibe merkezinde yer alan markalar, sanal kültürün kendilerine sunduğu yeni olanaklar sayesinde bireyleri tüketime yönlendirirken; diğer yandan da onlara sürekli olarak satın almaya yönelik yeni anlam kalıpları inşa etmektedir. Özellikle reklamlar aracılığıyla tüketicilere gönderilen mesajlar, onların yeni ihtiyaçlar hissetmelerine, yeni tatmin yöntemleri ve yeni hazlar aramalarına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2019 yılında markaların YouTube’da en çok izlenen reklamları göstergebilimsel bir analizle incelenmiştir. Yapılan göstergebilimsel reklam analiziyle elde edilen gösterilenler görsel retorik tipolojisi ile detaylı olarak ele alınmış ve buna göre sanal kültürel yapı dâhilinde markaların anlam inşa edebilme, tüketicilerin dikkatini çekebilme, onların dilinde ve kalbinde yer alabilme gibi konularda oldukça etkili oldukları görülmektedir.
ÇOCUK KONULU HABERLERİN MEDYADA TEMSİLİ
Authors: SİNE NAZLI Rengim , KALAFAT ÇAT Arzu , KAYADAYI Ayşe
Published: March 2021

Tarihsel süreç içerisinde çocuğun toplum içerisindeki ve yasalar önündeki konumu büyük bir değişim göstermiştir. İlk çağda alınıp satılabilen köle olan çocuk, Orta çağda küçük yetişkin olarak kabul edilmiş ve yetişkinlerden beklenen görevleri yerine getirmeleri kendilerinden beklenmiştir. Rönesans ve reform hareketlerinin yol açtığı aydınlanma çağı çocuğa karşı hümanist yaklaşımın benimsenmesini sağlamış ancak çocukluğun yetişkinlikten farklı biyolojik bir evre olduğu ve çocukların yetişkinler tarafından korunup gözetilmesi gereken haklarının bulunduğu düşüncesinin yaygınlaşması 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda mümkün olmuştur. Çocuk haklarının korunması amacıyla pek çok uluslararası anlaşma ve yasal düzenleme bulunmaktadır. Ancak çocuğun medyada temsili esnasında bilhassa haber yazım ve sunum sürecinde çocuğun özel konumunun dikkate alınmasını amaçlayan çocuk odaklı habercilik yaklaşımının medya ortamlarında sıklıkla göz ardı edildiği bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda geleceğimizin mimarı olan çocukların medyada nasıl konumlandırıldığının tespit edilmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın evrenini yazılı basın, örneklemini ise Sözcü, Sabah ve Hürriyet gazeteleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında çocuk konulu haberlerin medyada temsiline ilişkin örnekleme dahil edilen üç gazete 01.02.2020-01.03.2020 tarihleri arasında bir aylık süre boyunca incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda örnekleme dahil edilen gazetelerde belirlenen tarih aralığında çocuk konulu toplam 183 haber bulunduğu, çocuk konulu haberlerin 129’unun olumsuz, 54’ünün ise olumlu olduğu; çocukların daha çok polis-adliye, kaza ve istismar konulu haberlerde konumlandırıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
RİSK İLETİŞİMİNDE SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMININ KAMU KURUMU ODAĞINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: BOZTEPE TAŞKIRAN Hatun
Published: March 2021

Kamu yönetimi faaliyet alanlarının fazlalığı, sahip olduğu karmaşık çevre ve geniş bir kitleyi hedeflemesi nedeniyle her daim risklere açık bir konumdadır. Son yıllarda çevre, sağlık ve güvenlik gibi kamu kurumlarını doğrudan ilgilendiren pek çok risk kategorisinden bahsedilebilmektedir. Kamu kurumları tarafından gerçekleştirilecek risk iletişimi, ilgili tarafların riske ilişkin farkındalık geliştirmesine ve kamu bilincinin gelişmesine katkı sunarak önemli bir işlev üstlenebilmektedir. Böylelikle kamusal politikaları etkileme olasılığına sahip riskler nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilecek zararlar minimum düzeye çekilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda ön plana çıkan ve kamusal karar ve politikaları etkileme gücüne sahip olduğu dikkat çeken sağlığa ilişkin riskler odağında bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada risk iletişiminin etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesinde sosyal medyanın kullanımı ve sahip olduğu rol irdelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Covid-19 salgınına ilişkin 31 Aralık 2019-11 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirdiği risk iletişimi uygulamalarında sosyal medyayı ne şekilde kullandığına dair bulgulara ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sosyal medyanın risk iletişimi amaçlı olarak aktif bir şekilde kullanıldığına ve Sağlık Bakanlığı ile Sağlık Bakanı’nın proaktif bir yaklaşım benimseyerek paydaşların riskle ilgili hızlı ve sürekli biçimde bilgilendirilmesini sağladığına işaret etmiştir.
TOPLUMSAL YAPI ÇÖZÜMLEMELERİ VE BİLGİ TOPLUMU
Authors: CEYLAN Abdülbeşir
Published: March 2021

Toplumsal yapı sosyolojinin odak noktasını oluşturan kavramlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda toplumsal yapı, makrososyolojik alanda toplumların sınıflamasına götüren bir ölçütler dizgesinin yardımıyla kurulan bir modeldir. Bu çalışmada bilgi toplumu, sosyolojinin klasik kuramcılarının tanımlamaya çalıştığı toplumsal yapılar doğrultusundaki metodolojik sınıflandırma çerçevesinde çözümlenmiştir. İnsanlık, varlığını daha çok sanayileşme sürecine borçlu olduğu bilgi toplumu sürecini, yaşamaktadır. Bilgi toplumu, bilgisayar ve iletişim teknolojilerine yatırım yapan ve pek çok özelliğiyle sanayi toplumundan farklılık gösteren bir toplumdur. Modern ile postmodern arasındaki kırılmada neyin belirleyici olduğu konusu, sosyal bilimciler arasında tartışmalıdır. Fakat sanayi sonrası toplumu postmodern toplum olarak niteleyenler, diğer nitelemelerden epistemolojik açıdan farklılık arz ederler. Postmodern toplum kuramcıları genel olarak sanayi sonrası toplumu, modern sonrası olarak farklı bir paradigma temelinde yeniden şekillendiği yönünde ortak bir kanaati paylaşırlar. Bunların yanı sıra bilgi toplumu, teknolojinin gelişmelerin insanlığı şekillendirmesi açısından teknoloji toplumu olarak da değerlendirilmektedir. Dünyadaki gelişmeler, haberler ve bilgi bu teknolojik araçlarla iletilmekte ve yayılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, yukarıda bahsedilen farklı toplumsal yapıların incelenmesine ek olarak, küreselleşmeye de değinilerek Türkiye'nin durumuna da bir bakış açısı sunulmaktadır.
Advertising Gender Performance: How Femvertising Represents Women
Authors: Panarina Elizaveta
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the phenomenon of femvertising as a marketing and communication strategy aimed at women, ideologically inspired by feminisms, destroying gender stereotypes. It is contrasted with advertisements that exploit the female image, sexualize women or show women in the context of only domestic work. Based on the works of E. Becker-Herbie, M. Mendenez, K. Linder, as well as I. Goffman, the article analyzes female gender displays in advertising for the Russian audience. The repertoire of analyzed gender representations in advertising demonstrates the content of femvertising: from a set of social problems that oppress women to a broadcast discourse of strength, independence, solidarity and self-confidence. The question that remains open is whether femvertising can sell as well as it can mobilize a new generation of forward thinking.