bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE GEODESIC CONTROL OF THE INSTALLATION OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE COATING ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROAD BRIDGE TRANSITION ACROSS THE KERCH SHEET
Authors: Goluk Victor P. , Nazarov Denis G.
Published: October 2020

During the construction of bridges, special attention is paid to geometric parameters, one of the most important parameters of the rideable bed is the evenness of the bases and coatings. Geodetic works provide an integrated approach to solving the problem of controlling the flatness of the base layers, which includes: geodetic survey of the rideable canvas, verification of working documentation, control of the copying string, geometric control of the evenness of the laid asphalt concrete floor slab for the steel concrete span and bridge deck for a metal span structure. Various options for controlling the height position of a copier string and a laid asphalt concrete pavement (using trigonometric and geometric leveling) were reviewed and tested. A priori assessment of the accuracy of the measurement results for each of the methods for monitoring algebraic difference of elevations (amplitudes) was previously performed. The article proposes a combined approach to geodetic control at all stages of work on checking the evenness of the asphalt concrete pavement.
STUDY OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEM ACCURACY OF OPEN PIT SIDES DISPLACEMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF 3DRADARGROUNDPROBESSR-XT
Authors: Shavorin Vitalij A. , Goril'ko Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the modern technology of interferometric measurementsfor the purposes of open pit sides geotechnical monitoring, based on the use of 3D radar Ground Probe SSR-XT. Experimental research of measurement accuracy of the given equipment was performed. The results of the mentioned research state the actual accuracy of interferometric measurement method.The optimal application of this method for studying the sides of quarries is described. With the interferometric measurement method for geotechnical monitoring of the sides of quarries under development, there is no need to install deformation marks, which simplifies the work process. With traditional methods, it is necessary to install such marks, which increases security risks for the performers of geotechnical monitoring.
USE OF LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBSERVATIONS OF DEFORMATIONS OF OPEN PIT WALLS
Authors: Besimbayeva Olga G. , Nizametdinov Farit K. , Oleynikova Elena A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the use of laser scanning technology for observing the deformations of an open pit walls in iron ore deposits. To carry out observations and analysis of the results obtained, an iron ore quarry was selected. The task of the study is to summarize methods and technical means used at mining enterprises for observing and measuring deformations in mountain ranges. The safety and efficiency of iron ore quarries is largely determined by the methods used to monitor the deformation process and calculate the stability of the pit walls and dumps. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to solving this problem, a conclusion was drawn on the advisability of using a laser scanning system for assessing sustainability. As a result, an analysis of the measurement results obtained in a digital model of the quarry near-surface arrays was obtained, which allows creating an electronic database for further use in surveying and geomechanical tasks.
IMPROVEMENT OF DISCHARGE SECTION LINE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Ustavitch Georgy A. , Skripnikov Victor A. , Skripnikova Margarita A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers methods of misalignment determination of constructions and equipment, and analyses methods based on the spatial section line location. It is noted that in certain conditions the use of total stations and GNSS-receivers allows to perform a section line the measurements with necessary accuracy. To carry out measurements on the overall discharge section line program the improved method is suggested. The advantage of the suggested method is that if there is no opportunity for compulsory centering of a total station on the survey control points of the section line, it suggests using an extra survey control point of dam site to increase the measurement accuracy. The extra survey control point is settled in the site with high accuracy with the help of centering device. The measurements were performed by the suggested method and the results were analyzed. It was stated that the considered method increases the accuracy of misalignment determination of the control points on the overall discharge section line program.
MODERN FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Mukhametova Olga V. , Klimova Elena V. , Mukhametov Nail Sh.
Published: October 2020

The problem of organizing physical education in of higher education institutions has become sharp in recent years. New methods and forms of teaching physical education are introduced and tested. The organization of the pedagogical process adapts the modern requirements of society to specialists, however, not all innovations can be implemented for a number of objective reasons, one of which is the deterioration of the health of students. One of the tasks of higher education is to provide conditions for students to form a reasonable attitude to their on health, which implies understanding of the need and importance of physical education and sports for its preservation and support. The article presents the attitude of students to the introduction of elective courses in physical education and indicators of physical fitness of the second-year students of the SGUPS.
SIBERIAN PILOT GEORGY BAIDUKOV
Authors: Shumilov Vladimir N.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the life path of the Siberian pilot Georgy Filippovich Baidukov. An attempt to show not only his participation in the heroic flights of the 30s of the 20th century as part of the crew of the pilot Valery Chkalov, but the further service of the Air Force General during the Great Patriotic War and especially after the post-war service of military commander G.F. Baidukov at the USSR Ministry of Defense, responsible for the creation of the latest military equipment for the country's air defense forces was made. Due to the special secrecy of this type of troops, the participation of Georgy Filippovich in their creation was neither covered in his memoirs nor in official publications. Only in the beginning of the 21st century this page of the life of the great pilot, military commander was opened. The article shows the Siberian period of Georgy's life in the Kain district of the Tomsk province, now the Tatar district of the Novosibirsk region, studying at Omsk vocational school, working at Siberian Railway, serving in the Red Army, training in flight schools and then heroic work of a test pilot, performing record flights, participating in two wars: Finnish and Great Patriotic War. The whole life of the Siberian pilot was devoted to serving the homeland, strengthening its defenses. The biography of Georgy Baidukov can be as an example to young people in achieving their goals and in constant study of everything new, advanced in their main profession.
TRAINING OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL FOR THE INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX OF RUSSIA (1960-1980)
Authors: Osipov Alexey G. , Savinykh Vyacheslav N. , Makarenko Natalya N.
Published: October 2020

The dynamics of the number of students and the financing of training specialists at higher education for the investment and construction complex of the Russian Federation in the context of the scientific and technological revolution, and the accelerated industrialization of construction production are analyzed. It is noted that in the IX five-year period (1971-1975) measures were implemented to ensure accelerated growth in the training of specialists with higher education in the construction industry and the opening of new construction universities in the areas of new development. The sizes of the decline in the training of builders in Russia at the turn of the 70-80s of the 20th century are revealed.
«OUTSTANDING LEADERS» IN SIBERIAN EXILE
Authors: Akopyants Anait S.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with evidence of anti-autocracy activists' presence in exile in Siberia at the beginning of the XX century. Those two later was called 'outstanding leaders' of the ruling Bolshevik party by V. I. Lenin who considered them as his possible successors. A prison and an exiled wasn't considered as something extraordinary by professional revolutionaries. They rather thought of it as possible (inevitable) part of current revolutionary activities. The exile to Siberia, however, was a quite serious test, primarily, due to farness from Russian metropolises, isolation, harsh conditions of life and climate. The attempt to bring to light the aspects of being in Siberian exile as political prisoners was made based on available documentary and literary sources. Striving to continue journalistic and revolutionary activities even in extreme circumstances was the most important thing. According to the author, this particular reason made it possible for them to continue political activity after the exile, which led them to the pinnacle of the party and governmental authority.
Amplicon-Based, Next-Generation Sequencing Approaches to Characterize Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Orthohantavirus Species
Authors: Taylor Mariah K. , Williams Evan P. , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Nookaew Intawat , Jonsson Colleen B.
Published: October 2020

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of viruses from patient or environmental samples can provide tremendous insight into the epidemiology, drug resistance or evolution of a virus. However, we face two common hurdles in obtaining robust sequence information; the low copy number of viral genomes in specimens and the error introduced by WGS techniques. To optimize detection and minimize error in WGS of hantaviruses, we tested four amplification approaches and different amplicon pooling methods for library preparation and examined these preparations using two sequencing platforms, Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION. First, we tested and optimized primers used for whole segment PCR or one kilobase amplicon amplification for even coverage using RNA isolated from the supernatant of virus-infected cells. Once optimized we assessed two sources of total RNA, virus-infected cells and supernatant from the virus-infected cells, with four variations of primer pooling for amplicons, and six different amplification approaches. We show that 99–100% genome coverage was obtained using a one-step RT-PCR reaction with one forward and reverse primer. Using a two-step RT-PCR with three distinct tiling approaches for the three genomic segments (vRNAs), we optimized primer pooling approaches for PCR amplification to achieve a greater number of aligned reads, average depth of genome, and genome coverage. The single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from MiSeq and MinION sequencing suggested intrinsic mutation frequencies of ~10−5-10−7 per genome and 10−4-10−5 per genome, respectively. We noted no difference in the coverage or accuracy when comparing WGS results with amplicons amplified from RNA extracted from infected cells or supernatant of these infected cells. Our results show that high-throughput diagnostics requiring the identification of hantavirus species or strains can be performed using MiSeq or MinION using a one-step approach. However, the two-step MiSeq approach outperformed the MinION in coverage depth and accuracy, and hence would be superior for assessment of genomes for epidemiology or evolutionary questions using the methods developed herein.
Inter-Particle Effects with a Large Population in Acoustofluidics
Authors: Jia Kun , Wang Yulong , Li Liqiang , Chen Jian , Yang Keji
Published: October 2020

The ultrasonic manipulation of cells and bioparticles in a large population is a maturing technology. There is an unmet demand for improved theoretical understanding of the particle–particle interactions at a high concentration. In this study, a semi-analytical method combining the Jacobi–Anger expansion and two-dimensional finite element solution of the scattering problem is proposed to calculate the acoustic radiation forces acting on massive compressible particles. Acoustic interactions on arrangements of up to several tens of particles are investigated. The particle radius ranges from the Rayleigh scattering limit (ka«1) to the Mie scattering region (ka≈1). The results show that the oscillatory spatial distribution of the secondary radiation force is related to the relative size of co-existing particles, not the absolute value (for particles with the same radius). In addition, the acoustic interaction is non-transmissible for a group of identical particles. For a large number of equidistant particles arranged along a line, the critical separation distance for the attraction force decreases as the number of particles increases, but eventually plateaus (for 16 particles). The range of attraction for the formed cluster is stabilized when the number of aggregated particles reaches a certain value.
Antiviral Effects of Lindera obtusiloba Leaf Extract on Murine Norovirus-1 (MNV-1), a Human Norovirus Surrogate, and Potential Application to Model Foods
Authors: Solis-Sanchez Diana , Rivera-Piza Adriana , Lee Soyoung , Kim Jia , Kim Bomi , Choi Joo Bong , Kim Ye Won , Ko Gwang Pyo , Song Moon Jung , Lee Sung-Joon
Published: October 2020

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning worldwide. In this study, we investigated the anti-noroviral activity of Lindera obtusiloba leaf extract (LOLE) using murine norovirus (MNV-1), a surrogate of human norovirus. Preincubation of MNV-1 with LOLE at 4, 8, or 12 mg/mL for 1 h at 25 °C significantly reduced viral infectivity, by 51.8%, 64.1%, and 71.2%, respectively. Among LOLE single compounds, β-pinene (49.7%), α-phellandrene (26.2%), and (+)-limonene (17.0%) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on viral infectivity after pretreatment with MNV-1, suggesting that the anti-noroviral effects of LOLE may be due to the synergetic activity of several compounds, with β-pinene as a key molecule. The inhibitory effect of LOLE was tested on the edible surfaces of lettuce, cabbage, and oysters, as well as on stainless steel. After one hour of incubation at 25°C, LOLE (12 mg/mL) pretreatment significantly reduced MNV-1 plaque formation on lettuce (76.4%), cabbage (60.0%), oyster (38.2%), and stainless-steel (62.8%). These results suggest that LOLE effectively inhibits norovirus on food and metal surfaces. In summary, LOLE, including β-pinene, may inactivate norovirus and could be used as a natural agent promoting food safety and hygiene.
Calcium and Potassium Spectra in the EUV
Authors: Träbert Elmar
Published: October 2020

In online data bases, the entries on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of Ca are much more sparse than those of neighbouring elements such as Ar, K, Sc and Ti. This may be a result of experimental problems with Ca in the laboratory as well as of the limited role of multiply charged Ca ions in solar observations. Beam-foil EUV spectra of Ca and K are presented that provide survey data of a single element each.
A Second-Order Cone Programming Reformulation of the Economic Dispatch Problem of BESS for Apparent Power Compensation in AC Distribution Networks
Authors: Montoya Oscar Danilo , Gil-González Walter , Serra Federico Martin , Hernández Jesus C. , Molina-Cabrera Alexander
Published: October 2020

The problem associated with economic dispatch of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in alternating current (AC) distribution networks is addressed in this paper through convex optimization. The exact nonlinear programming model that represents the economic dispatch problem is transformed into a second-order cone programming (SOCP) model, thereby guaranteeing the global optimal solution-finding due to the conic (i.e., convex) structure of the solution space. The proposed economic dispatch model of the BESS considers the possibility of injecting/absorbing active and reactive power, in turn, enabling the dynamical apparent power compensation in the distribution network. A basic control design based on passivity-based control theory is introduced in order to show the possibility of independently controlling both powers (i.e., active and reactive). The computational validation of the proposed SOCP model in a medium-voltage test feeder composed of 33 nodes demonstrates the efficiency of convex optimization for solving nonlinear programming models via conic approximations. All numerical validations have been carried out in the general algebraic modeling system.
Utilising Deep Learning Techniques for Effective Zero-Day Attack Detection
Authors: Hindy Hanan , Atkinson Robert , Tachtatzis Christos , Colin Jean-Noël , Bayne Ethan , Bellekens Xavier
Published: October 2020

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have been used for building Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). The increase in both the number and sheer variety of new cyber-attacks poses a tremendous challenge for IDS solutions that rely on a database of historical attack signatures. Therefore, the industrial pull for robust IDSs that are capable of flagging zero-day attacks is growing. Current outlier-based zero-day detection research suffers from high false-negative rates, thus limiting their practical use and performance. This paper proposes an autoencoder implementation for detecting zero-day attacks. The aim is to build an IDS model with high recall while keeping the miss rate (false-negatives) to an acceptable minimum. Two well-known IDS datasets are used for evaluation—CICIDS2017 and NSL-KDD. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of our model, we compare its results against a One-Class Support Vector Machine (SVM). The manuscript highlights the performance of a One-Class SVM when zero-day attacks are distinctive from normal behaviour. The proposed model benefits greatly from autoencoders encoding-decoding capabilities. The results show that autoencoders are well-suited at detecting complex zero-day attacks. The results demonstrate a zero-day detection accuracy of 89–99% for the NSL-KDD dataset and 75–98% for the CICIDS2017 dataset. Finally, the paper outlines the observed trade-off between recall and fallout.
Computer Tomography in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts: The Role of Fluid Attenuation Values
Authors: Lupean Roxana-Adelina , Ștefan Paul-Andrei , Oancea Mihaela Daniela , Măluțan Andrei Mihai , Lebovici Andrei , Pușcaș Marius Emil , Csutak Csaba , Mihu Carmen Mihaela
Published: October 2020

Pathological analysis of ovarian cysts shows specific fluid characteristics that cannot be standardly evaluated on computer tomography (CT) examinations. This study aimed to assess the ovarian cysts’ fluid attenuation values on the native (Np), arterial (Ap), and venous (Vp) contrast phases of seventy patients with ovarian cysts who underwent CT examinations and were retrospectively included in this study. Patients were divided according to their final diagnosis into the benign group (n = 32) and malignant group (n = 38; of which 27 were primary and 11 were secondary lesions). Two radiologists measured the fluid attenuation values on each contrast phase, and the average values were used to discriminate between benign and malignant groups and primary tumors and metastases via univariate, multivariate, multiple regression, and receiver operating characteristics analyses. The Ap densities (p = 0.0002) were independently associated with malignant cysts. Based on the densities measured on all three phases, neoplastic lesions could be diagnosed with 89.47% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. The Np densities (p = 0.0005) were able to identify metastases with 90.91% sensitivity and 70.37% specificity, while the combined densities of all three phases diagnosed secondary lesions with 72.73% sensitivity and 92.59% specificity. The ovarian cysts’ fluid densities could function as an adjuvant criterion to the classic CT evaluation of ovarian cysts.
Population Genetic Diversity of Two Marine Gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Čekovská Katarína , Šanda Radek , Eliášová Kristýna , Kovačić Marcelo , Zogaris Stamatis , Pappalardo Anna Maria , Soukupová Tereza , Vukić Jasna
Published: October 2020

Gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) are the most species-rich family of fishes in general, and the most abundant fish group in the European seas. Nonetheless, our knowledge on many aspects of their biology, including the population genetic diversity, is poor. Although barriers to gene flow are less apparent in the marine environment, the ocean is not a continuous habitat, as has been shown by studies on population genetics of various marine biota. For the first time, European marine goby species which cannot be collected by common fishery techniques were studied. The population genetic structure of two epibenthic species, Gobius geniporus and Gobius cruentatus, from seven localities across their distribution ranges was assessed, using one mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and one nuclear gene (first intron of ribosomal protein gene S7). Our results showed that there is a great diversity of haplotypes of mitochondrial gene cytochrome b in both species at all localities. Global fixation indices (FST) indicated a great differentiation of populations in both studied gobies. Our results did not show a geographic subdivision to individual populations. Instead, the data correspond with the model of migration which allow divergence and recurrent migration from the ancestral population. The estimated migration routes coincide with the main currents in the studied area. This matches well the biology of the studied species, with adults exhibiting only short-distance movements and planktonic larval stages.
Modified Equivalent Load Method for Welding Distortion Analysis
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Chung Hyun
Published: October 2020

In this study, modified equivalent load method for welding distortion analysis is suggested to improve its accuracy. To avoid the excessive computational time for welding distortion analysis of large welded structures, shell element-based elastic analysis methods are widely used, applying the inherent deformation approach. Equivalent nodal forces are commonly used in common FE (Finite Element) codes to enter these inherent deformation values. However, the conventional method cannot estimate precise longitudinal bending following the conventional equation. In this study, the problem of the existing equivalent load method is analyzed by a case study, and the modified equivalent load method that can estimate angular distortion, transverse shrinkage, and longitudinal bending is presented based on the FEM principle. The results show that by applying the proposed method, the shell element-based elastic FE approach for the welding distortion analysis can be achieved with improved accuracy.
Zinc-Based Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases: Ecological Safety and Future Prospects
Authors: Kalia Anu , Abd-Elsalam Kamel A. , Kuca Kamil
Published: October 2020

A facet of nanorenaissance in plant pathology hailed the research on the development and application of nanoformulations or nanoproducts for the effective management of phytopathogens deterring the growth and yield of plants and thus the overall crop productivity. Zinc nanomaterials represent a versatile class of nanoproducts and nanoenabled devices as these nanomaterials can be synthesized in quantum amounts through economically affordable processes/approaches. Further, these nanomaterials exhibit potential targeted antimicrobial properties and low to negligible phytotoxicity activities that well-qualify them to be applied directly or in a deviant manner to accomplish significant antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitoxigenic activities against diverse phytopathogens causing plant diseases. The photo-catalytic, fluorescent, and electron generating aspects associated with zinc nanomaterials have been utilized for the development of sensor systems (optical and electrochemical biosensors), enabling quick, early, sensitive, and on-field assessment or quantification of the test phytopathogen. However, the proficient use of Zn-derived nanomaterials in the management of plant pathogenic diseases as nanopesticides and on-field sensor system demands that the associated eco- and biosafety concerns should be well discerned and effectively sorted beforehand. Current and possible utilization of zinc-based nanostructures in plant disease diagnosis and management and their safety in the agroecosystem is highlighted.
Markers of Endothelial Injury and Dysfunction in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Kornacki Jakub , Wirstlein Przemysław , Wender-Ozegowska Ewa
Published: October 2020

With regard to differences in the clinical symptoms of preeclampsia (PE), the degree of endothelial dysfunction may differ between early and late-onset preeclampsia (EOP and LOP). The authors of this study examined it by assessing the endothelial injury level in women with EOP (20 patients) and LOP (20 patients) and in normotensive pregnant women (20 patients) in their late second and third trimesters of pregnancy, using the two markers—the serum concentration of hyaluronan (HA) and the serum level of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). The serum concentrations of HA and sVCAM-1 did not differ significantly between the EOP and LOP patients. However, these were statistically higher than that of the control group participants (p < 0.05; p < 0.001). A significant correlation between the levels of HA and sVCAM-1 was found both in the entire group of patients with preeclampsia (p = 0.0277) and in women with late-onset disease (p = 0.0364), but not in the patients with early-onset preeclampsia (p = 0.331). The obtained results indicated a comparable level of endothelial injury in the two types of PE. The presence of a similar degree of endothelial injury in patients with EOP and LOP should create awareness among all clinicians about the possible fatal complications in both groups of patients with PE.
Adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to SiHa Cells is Inhibited by Diphenyleneiodonium
Authors: Kim Yeeun , Lee Young Ha , Choi In-Wook , Heo Bu Yeon , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Yuk Jae-Min , Cha Guang-Ho , Jo Eun-Kyeong , Kwon Jaeyul
Published: October 2020

Microbial adhesion is critical for parasitic infection and colonization of host cells. To study the host–parasite interaction in vitro, we established a flow cytometry-based assay to measure the adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cell line SiHa. SiHa cells and T. vaginalis were detected as clearly separated, quantifiable populations by flow cytometry. We found that T. vaginalis attached to SiHa cells as early as 30 min after infection and the binding remained stable up to several hours, allowing for analysis of drug treatment efficacy. Importantly, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI treatment induced the detachment of T. vaginalis from SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting host cell viability. Thus, this study may provide an understanding for the potential development of therapies against T. vaginalis and other parasite infections.
Mitochondria-Mediated Azole Drug Resistance and Fungal Pathogenicity: Opportunities for Therapeutic Development
Authors: Song Jinxing , Zhou Jingwen , Zhang Lei , Li Rongpeng
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the role of mitochondria in pathogenic fungi in terms of azole resistance and fungal pathogenicity has been a rapidly developing field. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in regulating azole resistance and fungal pathogenicity. Mitochondrial function is involved in the regulation of drug efflux pumps at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. On the one hand, defects in mitochondrial function can serve as the signal leading to activation of calcium signaling and the pleiotropic drug resistance pathway and, therefore, can globally upregulate the expression of drug efflux pump genes, leading to azole drug resistance. On the other hand, mitochondria also contribute to azole resistance through modulation of drug efflux pump localization and activity. Mitochondria further contribute to azole resistance through participating in iron homeostasis and lipid biosynthesis. Additionally, mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in azole resistance. Meanwhile, mitochondrial morphology is important for fungal virulence, playing roles in growth in stressful conditions in a host. Furthermore, there is a close link between mitochondrial respiration and fungal virulence, and mitochondrial respiration plays an important role in morphogenetic transition, hypoxia adaptation, and cell wall biosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the possibility for targeting mitochondrial factors for the development of antifungal therapies.
Early Inoculation of Microbial Suspension in Suckling Piglets Affects the Transmission of Maternal Microbiota and the Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Achard Caroline S. , Dupouy Veronique , Cauquil Laurent , Arpaillange Nathalie , Bousquet-Melou Alain , Floc’h Nathalie Le , Zemb Olivier
Published: October 2020

Antibiotic resistance of microbes thriving in the animal gut is a growing concern for public health as it may serve as a hidden reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We compared 16 control piglets to 24 piglets fed for 3 weeks with S1 or S2 fecal suspensions from two sows that were not exposed to antibiotics for at least 6 months: the first suspension decreased the erythromycin resistance gene ermB and the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene conferring resistance to kanamycine (aphA3), while the second decreased the tetracycline resistance gene tetL, with an unexpected increase in ARGs. Using 16S RNA sequencing, we identified microbial species that are likely to carry ARGs, such as the lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase lnuB, the cephalosporinase cepA, and the tetracycline resistance genes tetG and tetM, as well as microbes that never co-exist with the tetracycline resistance gene tetQ, the erythromycin resistance gene ermG and aphA3. Since 73% of the microbes detected in the sows were not detected in the piglets at weaning, a neutral model was applied to estimate whether a microbial species is more important than chance would predict. This model confirmed that force-feeding modifies the dynamics of gut colonization. In conclusion, early inoculation of gut microbes is an interesting possibility to stimulate gut microbiota towards a desirable state in pig production, but more work is needed to be able to predict which communities should be used.
Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
Authors: Zanella Beatrice , Boccalini Sara , Bonito Benedetta , Del Riccio Marco , Manzi Federico , Tiscione Emilia , Bonanni Paolo ,   Working Group DHS,   Working Group AOUMeyer,   Working Group AUSLTC, Bechini Angela
Published: October 2020

Background: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine since the 1970s, rubella disease and, importantly, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) remain a public health concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the rubella seroprevalence in the children population of the province of Florence and compare the obtained results to a previous survey conducted in 2005–2006. Methods: A qualitative measurement of anti-rubella antibodies was performed on 165 sera using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The anamnestic and vaccination status was also collected. Results: Our study highlighted a very high rubella seroprevalence (85–100%) in our enrolled population. In the vaccinated group (153/165), 98.7% of them were positive to rubella antibodies. Conclusions: Our study showed the highest seroprevalence rate reached in the province of Florence for rubella in the last 15 years, thanks to the several successful vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region. Our findings in pediatric and adolescent subjects are a key factor in preventing CRS in adult life, specifically in childbearing women. Thus, the set goal will be to keep the awareness about the vaccination for this preventable disease high.
Promoting Influenza Vaccination among Staff of Nursing Homes According to Behavioral Insights: Analyzing the Choice Architecture during a Nudge-Based Intervention
Authors: Lorini Chiara , Ierardi Francesca , Gatteschi Claudia , Galletti Giacomo , Collini Francesca , Peracca Laura , Zanobini Patrizio , Gemmi Fabrizio , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo
Published: October 2020

(1) Background: Influenza vaccination uptake in nursing home (NH) workers is uncommon. The aim of this study was to understand the choice architecture of influenza vaccination acceptance or refusal among them and to promote vaccination acceptance using the nudge approach. (2) Methods: In autumn 2019, a nudge intervention with a contextual qualitative analysis of choice architecture of vaccination was performed among the staff of eight Tuscan NHs. In summer 2020, a cross-sectional study including the staff of 111 NHs (8 in the nudge, 103 in the comparison group) was conducted to assess the impact of the nudge intervention in promoting vaccination uptake. (3) Results: Macro-categories of motivations for vaccination uptake that emerged from the qualitative analysis were risk perception, value dimension, and trust, while those regarding refusal were risk perception, distrust, value dimension, and reasons related to one’s health. Considering the cross-sectional study, influenza vaccination uptake in the 2018–2019 season was similar in the two groups (23.6% vs. 22.2% respectively, in the nudge and comparison group), but significantly different in the 2019–2020 season: 28% in the nudge vs. 20% in the comparison group. Also, the intention to get the vaccine in the 2020–2021 season was significantly different in the two groups: 37.9% in the nudge and 30.8% in the comparison group. (4) Conclusions: Nudge interventions-simple, fast, low cost-could be effective in promoting vaccination acceptance among NH workers and the analysis of choice architecture could be useful in improving tailored, new nudge interventions aimed at modifying irrational biased and cognitive errors.
Probiotic Lactobacilli Limit Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Replication in Chicken Cecal Tonsil Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Alqazlan Nadiyah , Alizadeh Mohammadali , Boodhoo Nitish , Taha-Abdelaziz Khaled , Nagy Eva , Bridle Byram , Sharif Shayan
Published: October 2020

Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 poses significant threat to animal and human health. The growing interest in beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on host immune system has led to research efforts studying their interaction with cells of host immune system. However, the role of lactobacilli in inducing antiviral responses in lymphoid tissue cells requires further investigation. The objective of the present study was to examine the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of lactobacilli bacteria on chicken cecal tonsils (CT) cells against H9N2 LPAIV. CT mononuclear cells were stimulated with probiotic Lactobacillus spp mixture either alone or in combination with a Toll-like receptor (TLR)21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG). Pre-treatment of CT cells with probiotic lactobacilli, alone or in combination with CpG, significantly reduced H9N2 LPAIV replication. Furthermore, lactobacilli alone elicited cytokine expression, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12, and IL-10, while when combined with CpG, a significantly higher expression of (interferon-stimulated gene (viperin)), IL-12, IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-1β was observed. However, none of these treatments induced significant changes in nitric oxide production by CT cells. In conclusion, probiotic lactobacilli demonstrated a modulatory effect on CT cells, and this correlated with enhanced antiviral immunity and reduced H9N2 LPAIV viral replication.
Multiple Genome Wide Association Mapping Models Identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides for Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Resistance in MAGIC Indica Population of Rice
Authors: Satturu Vanisri , Vattikuti Jhansi Lakshmi , J Durga Sai , Kumar Arvind , Singh Rakesh Kumar , M Srinivas Prasad , Zaw Hein , Jubay Mona Liza , Satish Lakkakula , Rathore Abhishek , Mulinti Sreedhar , Lakshmi VG Ishwarya , Fiyaz R. Abdul , Chakraborty Animikha , Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean
Published: October 2020

Brown planthopper (BPH), one of the most important pests of the rice (Oryza sativa) crop, becomes catastrophic under severe infestations and causes up to 60% yield loss. The highly disastrous BPH biotype in the Indian sub-continent is Biotype 4, which also known as the South Asian Biotype. Though many resistance genes were mapped until now, the utility of the resistance genes in the breeding programs is limited due to the breakdown of resistance and emergence of new biotypes. Hence, to identify the resistance genes for this economically important pest, we have used a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) panel consisting of 391 lines developed from eight indica founder parents. The panel was phenotyped at the controlled conditions for two consecutive years. A set of 27,041 cured polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and across-year phenotypic data were used for the identification of marker–trait associations. Genome-wide association analysis was performed to find out consistent associations by employing four single and two multi-locus models. Sixty-one SNPs were consistently detected by all six models. A set of 190 significant marker-associations identified by fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) were considered for searching resistance candidate genes. The highest number of annotated genes were found in chromosome 6 followed by 5 and 1. Ninety-two annotated genes identified across chromosomes of which 13 genes are associated BPH resistance including NB-ARC (nucleotide binding in APAF-1, R gene products, and CED-4) domain-containing protein, NHL repeat-containing protein, LRR containing protein, and WRKY70. The significant SNPs and resistant lines identified from our study could be used for an accelerated breeding program to develop new BPH resistant cultivars.
Cuando construir también es pensar: la arquitectura anagógica de Saint Denis
Authors: Bauchwitz Oscar Federico
Published: October 2020

Este artículo busca saber en qué medida la iglesia de Saint Denis corresponde a las observaciones heideggerianas acerca del construir y del habitar, evidenciando el vínculo de Suger con las doctrinas de Dionisio, el pseudo-Areopagita, y Juan Escoto Eriúgena desde una perspectiva anagógica de la naturaleza y del mundo.
Sujeto y conocimiento de sí. Traducción y comentario de dos textos de Pedro de Juan Olivi
Authors: Anchepe Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Estas páginas se proponen presentar la traducción comentada de dos textos de Pedro de Juan Olivi, franciscano provenzal del s. XIII; el primero es el artículo 19 de la Impugnatio quorundam articulorum Arnaldi Gallardi, y el otro es la cuestión 76 de sus Quaestiones in secundum librum Sententiarum. La traducción conjunta de estos textos se justifica por su afinidad temática, pues ambos se refieren a un mismo problema, el que los escolásticos acostumbraron presentar bajo el título “Si el alma se conoce a sí misma por esencia o por especie”; por otra parte, la crítica reciente encontró en ellos indicios de una concepción naciente de sujeto moderno. Luego de presentar someramente cada texto y de algunos datos biográficos imprescindibles de su autor, ofreceré las traducciones. Agregaré solo algunas notas al pie –las necesarias para facilitar la comprensión– y pospondré para el final el análisis de las cuestiones filosóficas, que volcaré en cuatro notas complementarias.
MARKETING COMMUNICATION FOR PROMOTION OF HANDLOOM PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY HANDLOOM CLUSTERS OF TRIPURA
Authors: Debbarma Bijit , Chakraborty Kiran Sankar
Published: October 2020

The handloom sector of India is the second-largest economic activity after agriculture providing direct and indirect employment to 43 lakh weavers and allied workers according to the Handloom Census 2009-10. Indian handlooms are well known for its artistry, design, the motif has been facing competition from power loom and mill sector. Marketing has been identified as the crux of the problem. The Government of Tripura has set up handloom clusters for the production of innovative and niche fabrics through weavers. An awareness regarding the unmatched handloom weaving and its richness, superior artistry and intricate design of handloom products to the consumers would help the sector grow and prosper. This paper tries to explore how Marketing Communication could play an important in the promotion of handloom products produced in handloom clusters of Tripura.
A PRESENÇA DE PAULO FREIRE NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA DA ESCOLA CABANA NO PERÍODO DE 1997 A 2004
Authors: Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de , Azevedo Ana D'Arc Martins de , Santos Tania Regina Lobato dos
Published: October 2020

Neste texto apresentamos resultados parciais de uma pesquisa, concluida em 2012, cujo objetivo foi analisar a presença de Paulo Freire na proposta da Escola Cabana da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belém, no período de 1997a 2004. O estudo foi  realizado por pesquisadores do Núcleo de Educação Popular Paulo Freire da Universidade do Estado do Pará e está vinculado à pesquisa da Rede Freireana de Educação, intitulada A presença de Paulo Freire na educaçãobrasileira: análise de sistemas públicos de ensino a partir da década de 90, coordenada pela PUC-SP, com financiamento do CNPq. As estratégias metodológicas efetivadas foram: levantamento bibliográfico; análise e documental e entrevista semi-estruturada com a Coordenadora da Educação Especial. O foco principal deste artigo é a educação inclusiva.
Fragmentación de los mecanismos de control en el combate a la corrupción
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia , Valenzuela Miranda Guadalupe Aleida , Morales Zamorano Miguel Arturo , Ramírez Villaescusa Rafael
Published: October 2020

En el documento se ordena los resultados obtenidos del analisis (a 5 años de distancia)  de la implementación del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción mediante el cual se instituyó un nuevo modelo de responsabilidad administrativa de los servidores públicos en el que se elevó a rango constitucional la distinción, entre faltas administrativas graves y no graves; se ampliaron las facultades de las autoridades encargadas de prevenir, investigar, sancionar y corregir actos de corrupción, que podrán también investigar e imponer sanciones a los particulares, personas físicas o morales, que participen en la comisión de faltas administrativas graves y en actos de corrupción; que las faltas graves serán investigadas y substanciadas por  los órganos Internos de control de las instituciones de orden federal o local, en tanto que la determinación de la sanción correspondiente será competencia de los Tribunales Locales y/o Federal de Justicia Administrativa y/o de los juzgados en  los que las Fiscalías Especailizadas en Anticorrupción Locales y Federal presenten sus denuncias según corresponda. Por lo que respecta a las faltas administrativas no graves, estas serán investigadas, sustanciadas y resueltas por los Órganos Internos de control, es decir, de estas no conoceran-- en uso de facultades materialmente administrativas las salas especializadas en materia anticorrupción de los Tribunales Locales y Federal de Justicia Administrativa.
Impact of an urban regional medical campus: Perceptions of community stakeholders
Authors: Cooper Gerry , El-Masri Maher , DeMars Kyle , Tam Nathan , Sbrocca Nicole , Awuku Mark , Jacobs Lawrence
Published: October 2020

Background: Regional medical campuses (RMC) have shown promise in addressing physician shortages. RMCs have been positively evaluated in rural/remote communities, however, it is unclear whether this model will be as beneficial in underserved urban areas. This study evaluated the impact of a RMC on a midsized urban city (Windsor, Ontario). We compare our results with a similar study conducted in a remote community in British Columbia (BC).

Methods: A broad array of community stakeholders representing different sectors were consulted using a semi-structured interview format replicated from the BC Northern Medical Program (NMP) study. Thematic analysis based on the resulting rich data was conducted within a grounded theory context.

Results: Twenty-three participants (52% male) representing healthcare, education, business, community and government/politico sectors were consulted. Their views regarding the Windsor Regional Medical Campus (WRMC) aligned around several themes: improved healthcare, enhanced community reputation, stimulated economic/community development, expanded training opportunities and an engaged community regarding the WRMC. These results were compared to the main findings of the NMP study with both similarities (e.g. increased community pride) and differences (e.g. resource concerns) discussed.

Conclusion: Community stakeholders provided strong support for the WRMC through their perceptions of its positive impact on this urban region. These findings are consistent with similar RMC studies in rural/remote areas. Those interested in developing a RMC might benefit from considering these findings.
Developing students’ problem-solving skills using problem sequences: Student perspectives on collaborative work
Authors: Burmann Lars
Published: October 2020

Using problem solving in mathematics classrooms has been the object of research for several decades. However, it is still necessary to focus on the development of problem-solving skills, and in line with the recent PISA assessment, more attention is given to collaborative problem solving. This article addresses students’ collaborative work with problem sequences as a means to systematically develop students’ problem-solving skills. The article offers student perspectives on challenges concerning the social atmosphere, differentiation on teaching, and learning in cooperation. In spite of the challenges, the students’ experiences indicate that the use of problem sequences and group problem solving can be fruitful in mathematics education.
Why does problem-oriented mathematics education not succeed in an eighth grade? An insight in an empirical study
Authors: Hagelgans Heike
Published: October 2020

Based on current research findings on the possibilities of integration of problem solving into mathematics teaching, the difficulties of pupils with problem solving tasks and of teachers to get started in problem solving, this article would like to show which concrete difficulties delayed the start of the implementation of a generally problem-oriented mathematics lesson in an eighth grade of a grammar school. The article briefly describes the research method of this qualitative study and identifies and discusses the difficulties of problem solving in the examined school class. In a next step, the results of this study are used to conceive a precise teaching concept for this specific class for the introduction into problem-oriented mathematics teaching.
Implementing problem solving in mathematics classes
Authors: Kovács Zoltán , Kónya Eszter
Published: October 2020

There is little evidence of teachers are using challenging problems in their mathematics classes in Hungary. At the University of Debrecen and University of Nyíregyháza, we elaborated a professional development program for inservice teachers in order to help them implementing problem solving in their classes. The basis of our program is the teacher and researcher collaboration in the lessonplanning and evaluation. In this paper we report some preliminary findings concerning this program.