bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Asesmen Formatif pada Materi Sistem Sirkulasi untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI SMA Laboratorium UM
Authors: Sudrajat Ahmad Kamal
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan asesmen formatif yang dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi system sirkulasi dan menguji validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan produk asesmen formatif yang dikembangkan. Produk dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Produk yang dikembangkan berupa instrumen observasi diskusi kelas, instrumen observasi kegiatan praktikum, dan soal tes kognitif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah asesmen formatif yang dikembangkan layak, praktis, dan efektif digunakan dan dapat mengukur serta melatih kemampuan berpikir kritis ssiwa.
Fenomena Kompetisi Video Dance melalui Instagram (Studi Fenomenologi pada Komunitas Dancer di Surabaya)
Authors: Mutia Lu'lu , Nurfebiaraning Sylvie
Published: February 2021

Instagram merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang digunakan oleh semua orang agar terhubung dengan pengguna lain dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengirimkan informasi dalam bentuk gambar atau foto, video, dan berbagi (share). Instagram digunakan oleh Telkomsel Area Jabotabek Jabar untuk membuat konten kontes atau kompetisi yang berlangsung saat Asian Games 2018, yaitu kompetisi video dance #YoAyoChallenge. Kompetisi online melalui Instagram ini diikuti oleh anggota Komunitas Valkyrie dan anggota Komunitas Fresh DC dari Surabaya serta berhasil menjadi pemenang harapan kedua. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui motif, interaksi, makna dari keikutsertaan individu-individu yang berkolaborasi dan membentuk kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi Alfred Schutz dan paradigma konstruktivis. Teknik pemilihan informan yakni purposive sampling dengan informan utama dan informan pendukung sejumlah empat orang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, pertama adanya because motives (motif sebab) yaitu motif kegiatan, motif afiliasi, motif kompetensi dan ada in-order-motives (motif tujuan) yaitu motif berprestasi dan motif berkuasa. Kedua, interaksi antar anggota kelompok melalui komunikasi kelompok dengan melaksanakan fungsi tugas dan fungsi pemeliharaan. Ketiga, makna terhadap keikusertaan di kompetisi adalah memperkenalkan diri, memperkenalkan komunitas, menguji kemampuan diri, mendapatkan perhatian, mendapatkan pengakuan, dan mengekspresikan perasaan.
Belajar Otodidak untuk Mencapai Kompetensi Improvisasi bagi Pemain Keyboard Komunitas Band di Bandung
Authors: Kartika Nindya Maya , Latifah Diah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini didasari atas kemampuan kreativitas improvisasi pemain keyboard pada band melalui belajar otodidak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses belajar otodidak, meningkatkan kreativitas improvisasi pemain keyboard band dalam komunitas Band in Bandung. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif single case design karena menekankan pada sebuah unit kasus dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian. Wawancara dilakukan dengan komunikasi mengenai proses awal bermain keyboard, cara untuk meningkatkan kreativitas improvisasi bermain keyboard. Observasi untuk mendapatkan data mengenai proses belajar otodidak guna meningkatkan kreativitas pemain keyboard. Hasil analisis data sebagai berikut: 1. Kreativitas pengembangan akor dengan menambahkan akor tambahan sebagai pemanis lagu, pengembangan melodi dengan menirukan nada-nada melodi tersebut, pengembangan kecepatan jari dengan latihan rutin melalui tangga nada dan nada-nada kromatik, 2. Proses awal mengenal lagu dan improvisasi memainkan keyboard dengan mendengarkan lagu dan memberi variasi nada secara spontan serta menambahkan sound effect keyboard 3. Kekurangan terletak pada fingering yang tidak seharusnya dan keunggulan belajar keyboard secara otodidak adalah mempunyai rasa musikalitas yang tinggi. Kesimpulannya adalah belajar otodidak bisa untuk meningkatkan kreativitas improvisasi bermain keyboard.
Hubungan antara Partisipasi Pendidikan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Studi Kasus di Indonesia
Authors: Utama Wahyudayanto , Soesanti Nina
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan dipercaya sebagai salah satu unsur yang dapat menumbuhkan perekonomian negara. Di Indonesia terjadi peningkatan partisipasi siswa untuk tingkat menengah dan tinggi dari tahun 1994 – 2017 dan diwaktu yang bersamaan terjadi juga pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini akan mencari hubungan antara partisipasi Pendidikan tingkat dasar, menengah, tinggi dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder tentang partisipasi siswa dan PDB di Indonesia yang diambil dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS). Metode yang digunakan dalam mencari hubungan jangka pendek adalah uji Granger Causality, sedang untuk hubungan jangka panjang digunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Angka Partisipasi Kasar (APK) Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), Perguruan Tinggi (PT) dan PDB. Untuk uji stasioner variabel dan redisual digunakan uji Augment Dickey Fuller (ADF). Pada uji ADF diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel APK SD dan APK SMP stasioner pada tingkat Level, sehingga kedua variabel tersebut dihilangkan dari model awal. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk jangka pendek PDB mempengaruhi partisipasi pendidikan SMA; partisipasi pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi mempengaruhi PDB; partisipasi pendidikan SMA saling mempengaruhi dengan partisipasi pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi. Untuk jangka panjang diperoleh hasil APK PT dan APK SMA mempengaruhi PDB.
Pengaruh Latihan Kapha Yoga terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Peningkatan Kebugaran Lansia
Authors: Romadlon Moch. Arif , Nugraha Eka , Daniel Hamidie Ronald
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan kapha yoga terhadap penurunan tekanan darah dan peningkatan kebugaran lansia. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian kausal komparatif atau ex-postfacto yang membandingkan dua kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampling yaitu sampling purposive. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua lansia yang sudah didiagnosa oleh dokter positif menderita hipertensi adalah kelompok eksperimen 15 orang lansia dengan rentan usia 60-74 tahun di Apotek Izzatul Komplek Puri Cipageran Indah 1 Blok B 42 Cimahi dan kelompok kontrol 15 orang lansia dengan rentang usia 60-74 tahun di Lapangan Primarobic Jatihandap gg.3 Rt: 04 / Rw: 04 Cicaheum, Kota Bandung. Instrument penelitian ini adalah mengadopsi dari journal C. Jessie Jones dan Roberta E. Rikli pada tahun 2002 yang menggunakan The Seniors Fitness Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya penurunan tekanan darah dan peningkatan kebugaran lansia yang signifikan oleh kelompok eksperimen selama 24 kali pertemuan.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual untuk Meningkatkan Aspek Kognitif Siswa dengan Konsep Elektrolisis
Authors: Studianah Wido
Published: February 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul “Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual untuk Meningkatkan Aspek Kognitif Siswa Kelas XII IPA Pada Konsep Elektrolisis” ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang aspek kognitif siswa yang diterapkan melalui pembelajaran kontekstual pada materi sel elektrolisis. Selain itu dikaji pula partisipasi siswa selama pembelajaran. Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kognitif siswa dilakukan penelitian dengan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kuasi eksperimen desain pretest-postest. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 46 orang siswa kelas XII IPA. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar evaluasi (pretest dan postest), lembar kerja siswa (LKS), lembar pembelajaran, lembar observasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa dengan normalisasi gain 55,37 % (kategori cukup). Partisipasi siswa selama pembelajaran hampir setengahnya (40,22%) siswa bertanya kepada guru atau kepada teman sekelompok, hampir setengahnya (39,13%) siswa menjawab pertanyaan guru atau teman sekelompoknya dan sebagian besar (90,94%) siswa aktif dalam kelompok. Hasil angket menunjukkan bahwa siswa merespon dengan baik pada pembelajaran kontekstual dengan menggunakan metode praktikum, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa cenderung lebih tertarik dengan pembelajaran yang mengangkat fakta-fakta yang mereka temukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Pembelajaran Bercerita bagi Peningkatan Apresiasi Imajinasi Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Hasanah Ani
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI AP 1 SMKN 1 Bandung pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Kondisi ini diduga karena metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan monoton dan berpotensi membuat siswa jenuh. Oleh karena itu diadakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan penerapan pembelajaran bercerita. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan pembelajaran bercerita dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI AP 1 SMKN 1 Bandung pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendapatkan datanya dan analisisnya melalui kajian reflektif dan kolaboratif. Adapun pelaksanaan tindakannya terdiri dari dua siklus dengan menerapkan pembelajaran bercerita. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa aktivitas belajar siswa pada setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan, yaitu dari 41% pada siklus I, menjadi 65% pada siklus II dan 94% pada siklus III. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran bercerita dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Adapun saran peneliti adalah semua pihak baik kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa seharusnya bekerjasama dalam mengoptimalkan pembelajaran khususnya dengan menerapkan pembelajaran bercerita agar aktivitas siswa dan prestasi belajar siswa dapat terus ditingkatkan.
Pengaruh Psychomotor Therapy pada Siswa dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autis dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah
Authors: Maesaroh Lilis , Abduljabar Bambang , Pitriani Pipit
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh dari aktivitas program psychomotor therapy (PMT) untuk mengurangi kondisi masalah dalam aspek perilaku, emosi, dan sosial pada anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme usia dini. Salah satu upaya penangannya yaitu membuat anak banyak bermain dan bergerak lebih efisien melalui intervensi program psychomotor therapy. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan untuk digunakannya psychomotor therapy dimana aktivitas yang dilakukan menitikberatkan pada tubuh dan pikiran anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi (mixed methods) dengan pendekatan sequential exploratory. Metode tersebut dipilih karena peneliti harus mengolah data deksripsi yang menghasilkan penjelasan mengenai kondisi objektif subjek dan pengembangan program psychomotor therapy melalui data kualitatif serta memperoleh data untuk menguji dampak suatu treatment (atau suatu intervensi) melalui data kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan frekuensi pada masalah perilaku repetitif dan perilaku emosional anak, serta terdapat penurunan latensi pada masalah sosial anak.
Analisa Konten Visual dalam Kategori Gender
Authors: Nunun Nachipah , Wirza Yanti , Noorman Rd. Safrina
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi dan meneliti representasi gender di buku teks Sekolah Menengah Indonesia berjudul When English Rings a Bell untuk kelas VII. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisa konten visual, ilustrasi bergambar dianalisa menggunakan kategori gender. Riset ini menggunakan tiga kategori gender yaitu kegiatan waktu luang atau permainan, sifat kepribadian dan tempat atau locus untuk menginvestigasi representasi gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di setiap kategori gender, representasi perempuan selalu lebih rendah dibandingkan representasi lelaki. Buku teks juga tidak responsif terhadap gender karena cenderung tidak seimbang dalam ilustrasinya.
Studi Butir Soal IPA Pokok Bahasan Biologi di SMP Tentang Keterampilan Menjelaskan Fenomena Secara Ilmiah
Authors: Ilannur Atini , Wulan Ana Ratna , Diana Sariwulan
Published: February 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menelaah butir soal IPA pokok bahasan Biologi di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Kota Bandung mengenai keterampilan menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini memakai metode studi deskriptif melalui pengumpulan soal Penilaian Tengah Semester (PTS) dan Penilaian Akhir Semeseter (PAS) dari enam sekolah di Kota Bandung yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling dengan kategori baik, cukup dan kurang. Sebanyak 267 soal IPA pokok bahasan Biologi dari enam SMP di Kota Bandung terkumpul. Soal ditelaah menggunakan indikator keterampilan menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah yang terdapat pada framework PISA 2018. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa hanya sebagian kecil (1,86%) butir soal dari enam SMP kota Bandung yang memuat keterampilan menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan butir soal yang digunakan cenderung langsung menanyakan penguasaan konsep siswa dan tidak menyajikan data/informasi yang perlu diselidiki siswa pada stem soal. Sebagian besar soal yang disajikan berupa hapalan materi sehingga kurang menuntut siswa untuk berpikir tingkat tinggi dan bernalar.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Learning Together (LT) Berbantuan Media Monopoli terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Anggriasari Griva , Tawil Tawil , Mardiana Tria
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Learning Together (LT) berbantuan media monopoli terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD N 2 Pangenrejo, Purworejo.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pre eksperimen. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara Sampling Jenuh. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 31 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes. Uji validitas instrumen tes menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment Uji prasyarat analisis terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Learning Together (LT) berbantuan media monopoli berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil analisis uji Wilcoxon pada hasil pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, diperoleh nilai Z sebesar -2,038 dengan Asymp. Sig 2 tailed sebesar 0,042 (0,0420,005). Hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Learning Together (LT) berbantuan media monopoli berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matematika.
Cloud Class dan Cloud Meeting; Model Pembelajaran Pascasarjana dan Meeting Pimpinan
Authors: Disas Eka Prihatin , IZFS Ratu Dintha , Alinurdin Enjang
Published: February 2021

Memilih untuk melanjutkan sekolah ke pascasarjana menjadi keputusan yang tidak mudah, dimana banyak faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan, yang utama dan terpenting adalah masalah biaya dan alokasi waktu. Kenapa demikian karena hampir 80% mahasiswa pascasarjana sudah menjadi pegawai di berbagai instansi, dan pasarannya mencakup seluruh nusantara, sehingga jika memilih sekolah maka banyak kegiatan yang harus ditinggalkan. Salah satu alternative pemecahan masalah ini untuk win-win solution adalah dengan mulai membangung cloud class, dimana dengan program ini, maka efektifitas dan efisiensi sumber daya yang digunakan untuk menlajutkan sekolah dapat ditekan seminimal mungkin. Demikian juga karena UPI memiliki beberapa UPI Kampus Daerah, maka ketika diperlukan untuk rapat pimpinan yang mengharuskan semua pimpinan atau undangan dalam kegiatan apapun memerlukan sumber dana yang tidak sedikit, demikian juga waktu karena jarak yang jauh, solusi dari hal tersebut dengan menggunakan cloud meeting sehingga sumber daya yang dikeluarkan untuk mengikuti rapat ditekan seminimal mungkin. Maka dengan demikian penelitian ini sangat tepat untuk dilaksanakan.
Determination of the covalent bond dipole moments with CLPO analysis
Authors: Nikolaienko T.
Published: February 2021

Basing on the orbitals localization method which provides the most accurate (in a Frobenius norm sense) approximation for the reduced one-particle density matrix of the molecule, the model is proposed for partitioning the dipole moment of the molecule into additive contributions, defined in CLPO basis. By augmenting the proposed model with the Ruedenberg scheme for partitioning the nuclear contribution to the dipole moment, the contributions to the dipole moment associated with particular covalent bonds and lone pairs of the atoms were determined. Using the datasets composed of 11410 12-atomic molecules with zero total charge and the set of 613 conformations of electroneutral 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate molecule, it has been found that the error in approximating the total dipole moment of the molecule by the sum of localized contributions, determined in the framework of the proposed model, is close to 10%, and is noticeably below the similar error when only the NPA charges are used to compute the approximate dipole moment. The typical angle between the true dipole moment vector and the dipole moment vector approximated with the proposed model is 5.5 deg.
Peculiarities of interaction of Physical vacuum and light waves
Authors: Kononchook G.
Published: February 2021

Based on established representations, reliable facts and phenomena, the proposed model of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a physical vacuum is studied. It is shown that from the assumption of a physical vacuum as a dielectric medium, the postulate of the constancy of speed of light follows in all inertial reference systems. The explanation of the partial capture of light by a moving medium (the effect of Fizeau), the effect of a gravitational lens, displacement of the spectrum of an electromagnetic wave in a gravitational field is given. The redshift of the spectrum of galaxies may have an alternative explanation not related to their expansion. As a result of this explanation there is no need to use the idea of dark energy.
Generalized least squares estimates for mixture of nonlinear regressions
Authors: Miroshnychenko V.
Published: February 2021

We consider data in which each observed subject belongs to one of different subpopulations (components). The true number of component which a subject belongs to is unknown, but the researcher knows the probabilities that a subject belongs to a given component (concentration of the component in the mixture). The concentrations are different for different observations. So the distribution of the observed data is a mixture of components’ distributions with varying concentrations. A set of variables is observed for each subject. Dependence between these variables is described by a nonlinear regression model. The coefficients of this model are different for different components. An estimator is proposed for these regression coefficients estimation based on the least squares and generalized estimating equations. Consistency of this estimator is demonstrated under general assumptions. A mixture of logistic regression models with continuous response is considered as an example. It is shown that the general consistency conditions are satisfied for this model under very mild assumptions. Performance of the estimator is assessed by simulations.
One counterexample for convex approximation of function with fractional derivatives, r>4
Authors: Petrova T.
Published: February 2021

We discuss whether on not it is possible to have interpolatory estimates in the approximation of a function f \in W^r [0,1] by polynomials. The problem of positive approximation is to estimate the pointwise degree of approximation of a function f \in C^r [0,1] \Wedge \Delta^0, where \Delta^0 is the set of positive functions on [0,1]. Estimates of the form (1) for positive approximation are known ([1],[2]). The problem of monotone approximation is that of estimating the degree of approximation of a monotone nondecreasing function by monotone nondecreasing polynomials. Estimates of the form (1) for monotone approximation were proved in [3],[4],[8]. In [3],[4] is consider r \in N, r>2. In [8] is consider r \in R, r>2. It was proved that for monotone approximation estimates of the form (1) are fails for r \in R, r>2. The problem of convex approximation is that of estimating the degree of approximation of a convex function by convex polynomials. The problem of convex approximation is that of estimating the degree of approximation of a convex function by convex polynomials. The problem of convex approximation is consider in ([5],[6],[11]). In [5] is consider r \in N, r>2. It was proved that for convex approximation estimates of the form (1) are fails for r \in N, r>2. In [6] is consider r \in R, r\in(2;3). It was proved that for convex approximation estimates of the form (1) are fails for r \in R, r\in(2;3). In [11] is consider r \in R, r\in(3;4). It was proved that for convex approximation estimates of the form (1) are fails for r \in R, r\in(3;4). In [9] is consider r \in R, r>4. It was proved that for f \in W^r [0,1] \Wedge \Delta^2, r>4 estimate (1) is not true. In this paper the question of approximation of function f \in W^r [0,1] \Wedge \Delta^2, r>4 by algebraic polynomial p_n \in \Pi_n \Wedge \Delta^2 is consider. It is proved, that for f \in W^r [0,1] \Wedge \Delta^2, r>4, estimate (1) can be improved, generally speaking.
Two-dimensional generalized instantaneous images and approximations of the Pade type function of two variables
Authors: Teteruk I.
Published: February 2021

Generalized instantaneous image were introduced by V.K. Dzyaduk [1] in 1981 and proved to be a convenient tool for constructing and studying the Padé approximants and their generalizations (see [2]). The method of generalized instantaneous images proposed by Dzyadyk made it possible to construct and study rational Padé approximants and their generalizations for many classes of special functions from a single position. As an example, the Padé approximants is constructed for a class of basic hypergeometric series, which includes a q-analogue of the exponential function. In this paper the construction of the Pade approximants for the function of two variables is investigated. A two-dimensional functional sequence is constructed, which has a generalized instantaneous image, and rational approximants are determined, which will be generalizations of one-dimensional Padé approximants. The function of the two variables is entirely related to the basic hypergeometric series.
Estimates for the distribution of Hölder semi-norms of real stationary Gaussian processes with a stable correlation function
Authors: Zatula D.
Published: February 2021

Complex random variables and processes with a vanishing pseudo-correlation are called proper. There is a class of stationary proper complex random processes that have a stable correlation function. In the present article we consider real stationary Gaussian processes with a stable correlation function. It is shown that the trajectories of stationary Gaussian proper complex random processes with zero mean belong to the Orlich space generated by the function $U(x) = e^{x^2/2}-1$. Estimates are obtained for the distribution of semi-norms of sample functions of Gaussian proper complex random processes with a stable correlation function, defined on the compact $\mathbb{T} = [0,T]$, in Hölder spaces.
Some peculiarities of the drilling rigs elements movement
Authors: Vashchilina O. , Lebedyeva I.
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with investigatson of the process of drill bit whirling on the rough plane of the well bottom. Nonholonomic kinematic models of the mechanical interaction of contacting bodies with defects at the initial stage of system self-excitation are applied. On the basis of the results of experimental studies, it is believed that one of the main factors influencing on the whirlings vibrations is the geometry of the bit. The bit is considered to be an absolutely rigid ellipsoidal body, the well bottom surface is supposed to be a plane. The resulting oscillations are associated with spontaneous bending deformations of the drill string, which are accompanied by continuous contact of the bit and the rock. The equations of motion of the bit in the linear approximation are obtained. The analysis of the solution of the linearized equations is carried out, and the frequencies of the arising periodic motions are found. The forms of oscillations under different geometrical parameters of an ellipsoidal bit are analyzed. It is shown that the bit can rotate in backward direction, moving at angular velocities that exceed the angular frequency of the drill string. The research results can be used in the development of new types of drilling rigs.
Nociceptive capacity of plantar irritating stimulus reduction influences postural control in children, teenagers, and adults.
Authors: Marc Janin , Ceci Lisandro Antonio , Parreira Rodolfo Borges
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Sensory information from vestibular, visual, proprioception, and feet contribute on postural control. Plantar afferentcontribution comes from the tactile and nociceptive cues of the plantar sole. Nociceptive capacity of plantar irritating stimulus (NCPIS) isone of the foot problems that induce nociception. Objective: Was to determine the postural impact of sensory input flow modificationsinduced by foam in people with and without nociceptive plantar irritating stimuli in different ages (children, adolescents, and adults).Method: 120 participants with (NP) and X without (Ct) NCPIS in different age group were evaluated (20 subjects in each age group andconditions). Postural balance assessment was performed during two-legged stance test using a force platform. Postural recoding wasperformed with eyes open in two conditions: on a hard surface and on a foam surface. The postural balance parameter analyzed wascenter of pressure area and variance of speed. Results: Area and variance of speed in control group increased, whereas decreased inNP subjects. No differences were observed for mean speed. In the Ct group, nociceptor and mechanoreceptor afferent sensations onfoam induced postural variation with more oscillations (area and speed). Conclusion: NCPIS influenced postural control, and this foamneutralization of afferent nociception induced a new sensory organization. Foam surface imitated afferent plantar sensory information,induced postural variation as measured by CoP parameters with increasing postural control in subjects without NCIPS and decreasingpostural control in subjects with NCPIS.
On the Development of State Legal Phenomena Fundamental Typology
Authors: Vasilev P. V.
Published: February 2021

The problem of methodologically untenable studies of state legal reality is presented as part of the crisis of the Russian legal science. The forms of this problem include: legal research (theses in particular) where the actual state legal phenomena are defined as certain categories; objectively existing properties of such phenomena are not reflected in the empirical study while theoretical constructions represent a creative modification to the thoughts of other researchers to obtain the desired degree of formal originality (the method of composition of such works is sometimes referred to as the "method of distorting plagiarism"); a discourse on the understanding of state-legal phenomena, turning into debates about the concepts and failing to result in any scientific or applied socio-legal outcome. Overcoming the crisis phenomena in modern Russian legal science is possible on the grounds of scientifically based methodology that can limit creative voluntarism. A typology of state-legal phenomena, and subsequently of all legal phenomena, can become part of such a methodology. The criterion of the presence/absence of internal system connections can become fundamental for their typification, according to which two basic types of statelegal phenomena can be distinguished: elementary and systemic. Elementary state legal phenomena can not be divided into independent phenomena that have their own legal significance, but assume the presence of such in their composition. Elementary state legal phenomena are divided into substantive, dynamic and relational (connections and isolations) according to the criterion of the specificity of the legal entity. The integrative properties of systemic state-legal phenomena are determined by both the properties of their components and the structure, which should be considered using the categories "connection" and "isolation". Communication and isolation are presented as independent state-legal phenomena, and not as properties of such. The properties of isolation are dialectically opposed to the properties of communication.
A prospective observational study of foetal outcome in twin pregnancy delivering at a tertiary health care center of South Gujarat
Authors: Jariwala Heny K. , Patel Falguni B. , Chaudhari Minal R. , Shrivastava Anjani
Published: February 2021

Background: Worldwide increased incidence of twin gestation. The rates of twin gestation have a direct effect on the rates of preterm birth and its co-morbidities. Importantly, this increased risk applies to each fetus and is not simply the result of more foetuses.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology. 100 consecutive subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria   admitted to labour room and obstetrics intensive care enrolled over a period of around 1 year.Results: In this study twin delivery accounted for 1.3% of all delivery at our institute. On analysing neonatal morbidities Prematurity was commonest 65%, VLBW (23% first twin, 30% second twin), RDS (9% first twin, 13% second twin), birth asphyxia (7% first twin, 12% second twin), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (7% first twin, 8% second twin). 34% of first twin and 40% of second twin required NICU admission. Early neonatal death observed in 6% of first twin and 8% of second twin. It was observed that proportion of neonatal complications was more in MCDA as compared to DCDA and in un-booked subjects as compared to booked subjects. This difference is statistically significant among both twin (p value<0.05).Conclusions: Twin pregnancy is associated with high perinatal morbidity. Specialized obstetrics and Intensive Neonatal care can decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality in twin gestation. We need to be extra vigilant in monochorionic twins and twin pregnancy with inadequate antenatal care.
A comparative study on the outcome of mattress sutures and subcuticular sutures in caesarean and hysterectomy in obese patients
Authors: Narahari Padmavathi , Atluri Anilasre
Published: February 2021

Background: Selection of method of suturing is very important for a surgeon as it should be cosmetic, less painful, cost-effective and with less post -operative complications. Wound complications are comparatively more in obese than in non-obese patients. This has led to an increase in hospital stay and health cost for the patient. Hence selection of proper suture technique which would result in most favourable outcomes with least complications is of utmost importance. This study aimed to compare the outcome of subcuticular and mattress suture in obese patients.Methods: This was a retrospective study on 50 obese patients who underwent primary caesarean or hysterectomy with no previous surgeries in the past. Purposive sampling method was used for selection of patients. The wound was assessed by induration, wound discharge, infection, gaping, need for resuturing. All the patients underwent standard post-operative care. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among the patients with subcuticular sutures, 15(60%) had wound induration with severe pain, 10 (40%) developed wound discharge, 6 (24%) had wound gaping and 6 (24%) required resuturing. Among the group with mattress sutures, 7 (28%) had wound induration, 3 (12%) developed wound discharge, 1 (4%) had wound gaping and required resuturing.Conclusions: Not only was wound induration and pain higher among the patients with subcuticular skin sutures but these patients had a significant increase in wound gaping and resuturing also when compared to the patients who had undergone closure with mattress skin sutures.
Revisiting depot medroxyprogesterone
Authors: Mehta Sumita , Kale Ekta , Rashid Fatima
Published: February 2021

Background: Injectable contraceptives form an important part of method mix of effective contraceptives used by women worldwide. Depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) is a long acting contraceptive which is safe, reversible and does not require any user action to maintain its efficacy.Methods: This was a prospective questionnaire based study conducted on 84 women who were acceptors of DMPA. The women were interviewed by the same health worker in the local language using a preset questionnaire which included questions regarding the demographic profile, contraceptive choices and positive and negative experiences related to usage of Injection DMPA.Results: Majority of the women were multiparous, between 25-30 years and were housewives. 19% women had started depo-provera after having one child while 87% started DMPA after their second child. The most common source of information about the contraceptive method was health care worker in 51.1% followed by friends in 30.9% and media in 17.8%. 53 women in the study group chose injection DMPA as it was convenient and safe. The most common side effect seen was amenorrhea followed by irregular bleeding, weight gain and pain abdomen. 91.6% women were satisfied with it and would recommend it to other women.Conclusions: Addressing the unmet need of family planning requires not only recruiting new clients but also assuring that women continue to use the contraceptive. Method related myths and concerns are an important reason for high discontinuation rates which need to be addressed during counselling sessions.
Surgical outcomes of patients with early cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R. Rameshkumar , Kulkarni Namrata , Sharma Anuriti , Kulkarni Chaitra
Published: February 2021

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with early cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.Methods:  A total of 50 patients who underwent modified radical hysterectomy between April 2006 and April 2016 at Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara medical college and hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka were retrospectively reviewed. The analysis included clinical and pathologic variables including age, tumour size, clinical stage, lymphovascular space involvement, tumour type and grade, lymph node metastases, surgical margin involvement, intraoperative and postoperative complications and pattern of adjuvant therapy were analysed. Results: The median age of the patient who underwent radical hysterectomy was 47.8 years, the mean parity being 3.6. Histologically, the most common type of malignancy encountered was squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, which occurred in 42 patients (84 %). 8 (16%) showed involvement of 1 or more lymph nodes and evidence of lymphovascular invasion. Involvement of the resected vaginal margins was noted in 11 patients (22%). The average hospital stay was 19.8 days, the prolonged stay resulting from postoperative morbidity. Postoperative concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin was administered in eight (16%) cases due to pelvic lymph node metastases. Postoperative vaginal brachytherapy was given in 11 (22%) cases because of positive vaginal margins.Conclusions: The present study shows that general gynaecologists with signiﬁcant experience in general gynaecologic surgery may, with adequate but abbreviated training, become competent in performing a modiﬁed radical hysterectomy.
Inflammatory cytokine profile of VEGF and IL-6 from the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis
Authors: Ashish Ashish , Kusum Kusum , Rai Sangeeta , Zahra Kulsoom , Mishra Surendra Pratap , Rai Gunjan , Chaube Radha , Singh Royana
Published: February 2021

Background: Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, which constitutes 10% of the total female population causing debilitating symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility, which limits the quality of reproductive life of affected women. The present study aimed to assess the serum level of VEGF and pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 in cases and normal healthy control groups.Methods: VEGF and IL-6 serum levels were measured by competitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 34 subjects with surgically confirmed endometriosis, 16 subjects with adenomyosis and 18 similar  age matched healthy controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. Patients were characterized in terms of their socio-demographic and clinically diagnosed characteristics, including the validated infertility and chronic disease registries.Results: The mean serum level of VEGF was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in case of endometriosis (3887 ng/l) followed by adenomyosis (2588 ng/l) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (665 ng/l) group. The mean serum IL-6 was found to be highly significant (p<0.0001) in case of endometriosis (90.49 pg/ml) followed by adenomyosis (70.37 pg/ml) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (22.97 pg/ml) group.Conclusions: VEGF and IL-6 seems to play a crucial role in the implantation and development of endometriotic lesions, and the disease is associated with significant modulations in the serum levels of VEGF. IL-6 can be a reliable non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis.
Experience of managing first fifty COVID-19 positive peripartum women in a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Zutshi Vijay , Bhagwati Neha Mohit , . Alka
Published: February 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analysis of the clinical profile of COVID-19 positive pregnant women is important to understand the pathophysiology, transmission and outcome of the disease in Indian population.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of first fifty pregnant patients tested positive for COVID-19 by qRT PCR admitted for delivery in our hospital.Results: In this audit, first fifty COVID-19 pregnant women were studied and the mean age of the patients in this study was 26 years. 98% of these women were admitted for obstetric indications. Seventy two percent of these women were admitted with spontaneous onset of labour. Based on disease severity, 49 (98%) were either asymptomatic or exhibited mild disease and only 1 (2%) had severe disease who succumbed to her illness. Forty six percent patients delivered vaginally and 54% required cesarean delivery. The most common indication for LSCS was fetal distress (43%). Eighteen percent had preterm delivery. Among the newborn babies, one died due to severe birth asphyxia. Sixteen percent babies required NICU stay. Five babies tested positive for COVID-19 of which one baby was positive on day one of life.Conclusions: As per our results, majority of the COVID-19 positive pregnant women had mild disease. There has been increase in cesarean section rate as compared to the previous hospital figures. Only one baby tested positive within 24 hours of delivery so the possibility vertical transmission can not be commented upon as of today.
Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy
Authors: Shah Jui Manish , Anand Rakesh
Published: February 2021

Background: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is defined as platelet count of less than 150,000/µl. It may be inherited or idiopathic, acute or chronic in onset, either primary or associated with other disorders. Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common type which is diagnosed usually in the last trimester. When there is severe thrombocytopenia, it is usually pathological in origin. The goal of this study was to identify thrombocytopenia in early stages of pregnancy and evaluate the risk factors involved. Aim was the evaluation of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary care centre from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version 17.Results: In the current study, 71.1% of cases were mild thrombocytopenia and 64.4% were picked up in the third trimester. Out of the 90 cases taken, 64% of the cases were due to the most common cause i.e., gestational thrombocytopenia. The second most common cause of thrombocytopenia was pregnancy induced hypertension which accounted for 18% of the total number of cases. Symptomatic thrombocytopenia of moderate and severe degree was seen in cases of PIH and ITP. 37.5% of the cases had underlying hypertension.Conclusions: Timely identification and management of the cause of thrombocytopenia is crucial in the antenatal group of women. Although it is an incidental finding in most cases, when there is an underlying cause, severity of thrombocytopenia increases tremendously and has dire consequences. Every pregnant woman should undergo complete blood count examination once in each trimester to avoid maternal and fetal complications.
Correlation between male and female genital tuberculosis: a prospective analytical study
Authors: Chaudhary Aarushi , Kaur Prabhjot , Kansal Richa , Dhillon Vikas , Bansal Isha
Published: February 2021

Background: Genital tuberculosis is an unusual extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, often seen in middle-aged men with renal or pulmonary disease. The most common male genital sites of tuberculous infection are the epididymis and prostate. It is also an important cause of female infertility in the world, especially in developing countries. Majority of infertility cases are due to involvement of the fallopian tubes. Hardly any study has been done to establish correlation between male and female genital TB. We have evaluated the same in severe oligospermic/ azoospermic males and established a definite correlation. Objective was to establish a definite correlation between female and male genital tuberculosis in patients with male factor infertility.Methods: 100 severe oligozoospermic/azoospermic males presenting with infertility between April 2011 and January 2016 were enrolled and worked up for genital tuberculosis. Their female partners were worked up for female genital TB and correlation established.Results: Out of 100 patients with severe oligospermia or azoospermia who tested positive for TB quantiferon gold test. 18% female partners tested positive for TB quantiferon gold test.Conclusions: Tubercular work up of both partners is desired in couples with male factor infertility especially in long standing infertility to achieve optimum pregnancy outcome with ART.
A study of prevalence of urogenital problem among menopausal women attending the OPD at tertiary care hospital in Bhopal
Authors: Bhardwaj Malini , Shinde Tarani
Published: February 2021

Background: The interest in menopausal problems has increased in recent years, due to the expansion of human life span. Women are spending more than one-third of their lives in menopausal period. Due to this fact, estrogen deprivation can cause vaginal atrophy symptoms and vasomotor symptoms, which critically diminish quality of life (QOL) in postmenopausal women.Methods: This study is a retrospective observational/analytical study conducted in the menopausal specialty clinic in J. K. Hospital, L. N. Medical College, Bhopal over a period of 1 year. All the women who attained menopause either naturally or surgically who presented first time to the clinic for any complaints were evaluated for the UG symptoms with the help of face to face interview.Results: Out of the 300 women with menopausal symptoms, 182 i.e. 60.6% were married and 52% (156) were illiterate. The most prevalent menopausal symptom in present study was vaginal dryness 240 (80%).Conclusions: There is association with lower educational levels. Hence efforts should be made educate women about the symptoms and provide care at all the levels of health care delivery.
Study of incidence and severity of menopausal symptoms in women of sub Himalayan region, using the Greene Climacteric Scale
Authors: Syal Geetika , Mohindroo Neha , Rana Anshul , Mittal Rita
Published: February 2021

Background: Identifying and measuring menopausal symptoms using Greene Climacteric Scale and calculating the mean age at menopause to find out the frequency of the menopausal symptoms so that can be used for better perimenapausal and menopausal care to females.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in northern India. All menopausal women in gynaecology outpatient department were enrolled in study, over six months from May 2019 to October 2019. A total of 206 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were interviewed using the 21 points Greene Climateric Scale (GCS) Questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS 20 Windows software. Descriptive statistics included computation of percentages, means and standard deviations. Level of significance was set at P≤0.05.Results: The mean age of menopause was 47.9±3.42 years. About 90.3% of the menopausal women studied belonged to the rural population. The most frequently perceived symptoms by females were muscle joint pain (100%), vaginal dryness and pruritus vulvae (84%), lower abdominal pain (79.6%), hot flushes (50.5%).The most frequently reported symptoms as per the GCS were muscle and joint pains, loss of interest in sex, headaches, feeling tired or lacking in energy, difficulty in concentrating, attacks of anxiety, difficulty in sleeping and hot flushes. The mean total score was 17.61.Conclusions: Menopausal symptoms were common in this study group but women seeking help for the same was less. Therefore menopause clinics and care programmes need to be developed and strengthened to promote better health and higher quality of life in menopausal women.
Evaluation of categories of intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings in pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction and its relation to perinatal outcome
Authors: H. U. Bhavya
Published: February 2021

Background: Intrapartum FHR monitoring is widely used during labour as changes in FHR precede brain injury, so timely response to abnormal FHR patterns might be effective in preventing it. There is a strong association between stillbirth and FGR which warrants intensive intrapartum fetal surveillance for optimal perinatal outcome. In this study we aimed to classify intrapartum FHR tracings into different categories in FGR pregnancies and correlate with perinatal outcome.Methods: A total 100 singleton pregnant women >34 weeks gestation with FGR were included in study. FHR tracings were followed throughout first and second stage of labour. FHR tracing were categorized into NICHD 3-tier classification as category I, II and III. Maternal and neonatal outome in each category were analysed.Results: Mean duration of category I tracings was 9.05 hours, category II was 7.66 hours and that of category III was 0.49 hours. During late active phase 25/95 patients with category I FHR tracings had vaginal delivery, 62/95 had category II FHR tracings, of which 95.1% had vaginal delivery and 4.9% had instrumental. 8/95 with category III FHR tracings required caesarean section. All patients with category I tracings had normal neonatal outcome, among patients with category II FHR tracings, 74.6% had normal whereas 25.4% had adverse outcome, all with category III FHR tracings had adverse outcome.Conclusions: Categorizing FHR tracings is helpful to distinguish neonates who are likely to have normal outcome from those who are at risk for fetal hypoxia. When the category II tracings are present, it requires more vigilant monitoring and decision taking.