bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Pulsating Variable Stars, Rotation, Convective Boundaries, and Energy Conservation
Authors: Paxton Bill , Smolec R. , Schwab Josiah , Gautschy A. , Bildsten Lars , Cantiello Matteo , Dotter Aaron , Farmer R. , Goldberg Jared A. , Jermyn Adam S. , Kanbur S. M. , Marchant Pablo , Thoul Anne , Townsend Richard H. D. , Wolf William M. , Zhang Michael , Timmes F. X.
Published: July 2019

We update the capabilities of the open-knowledge software instrument Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). RSP is a new functionality in MESAstar that models the nonlinear radial stellar pulsations that characterize RR Lyrae, Cepheids, and other classes of variable stars. We significantly enhance numerical energy conservation capabilities, including during mass changes. For example, this enables calculations through the He flash that conserve energy to better than 0.001%. To improve the modeling of rotating stars in MESA, we introduce a new approach to modifying the pressure and temperature equations of stellar structure, as well as a formulation of the projection effects of gravity darkening. A new scheme for tracking convective boundaries yields reliable values of the convective core mass and allows the natural emergence of adiabatic semiconvection regions during both core hydrogen- and helium-burning phases. We quantify the parallel performance of MESA on current-generation multicore architectures and demonstrate improvements in the computational efficiency of radiative levitation. We report updates to the equation of state and nuclear reaction physics modules. We briefly discuss the current treatment of fallback in core-collapse supernova models and the thermodynamic evolution of supernova explosions. We close by discussing the new MESA Testhub software infrastructure to enhance source code development.
Can the Superposition of Evaporative Flows Explain Broad Fe xxi Profiles during Solar Flares?
Authors: Polito Vanessa , Testa Paola , De Pontieu Bart
Published: July 2019

The observation of the high-temperature (≳10 MK) Fe xxi 1354.1 Å line with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph has provided significant insights into the chromospheric evaporation process in flares. In particular, the line is often observed to be completely blueshifted, in contrast to previous observations at lower spatial and spectral resolution, and in agreement with predictions from theoretical models. Interestingly, the line is also observed to be mostly symmetric and significantly broader than expected from thermal motions (assuming the peak formation temperature of the ion is in equilibrium). One popular interpretation for the nonthermal broadening is the superposition of flows from different loop strands. In this work, we test this scenario by forward-modeling the Fe xxi line profile assuming different possible observational scenarios using hydrodynamic simulations of multi-thread flare loops with the 1D RADYN code. Our results indicate that the superposition of flows alone cannot easily reproduce both the symmetry and the significant broadening of the line and that some other physical process, such as turbulence, or a much larger ion temperature than previously expected, likely needs to be invoked in order to explain the observed profiles.
Association between Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels to the Response of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Elderly Patients Who Treated with First-Line Chemotherapy in Sanglah General Hospital
Authors: Purnamasidhi Cokorda Agung Wahyu , Suega Ketut , Bakta I Made
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant haematological disease originates in the lymphocytes, caused by an abnormality in lymphocytes development which forms a tumour and may become cancer. Chemotherapy is the main treatment modality for aggressive lymphoma, but only a few patients achieve remission. Several factors such as age, clinical stadium, number of extranodal regions, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) level played a role in determining response to chemotherapy. AIM: To measure the association between LDH levels to prognosis of NHL in elderly patients who treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy in Sanglah General Hospital.METHODS: This study used a retrospective descriptive study on elderly NHL patients in Sanglah General Hospital from January until December 2014. The evaluation was measured using the IPI score to determine the prognosis of patients. Demographic data, the stadium, extranodal region, LDH level, and response to chemotherapy were recorded.RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included in the study. The age ranged was between 61-76 years old (Mean 65,68 ± 4,7 years; Median 65 years). The number of male patients was 19 (76%). Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histopathological structure observed on the patients (68%). LDH levels were normal in 51.6% of the patients and considered high in the rests (48.4%). Results of the chemotherapy were a good response in 72.2%. Compared to the patients who showed complete response to chemotherapy, patients with no response (partial response and progression) had significantly higher levels of LDH (OR: 13,1; 95%CI: 1,36-126,30; p = 0,001).CONCLUSION: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in elderly patients with no response to chemotherapy had significantly higher levels of LDH than patients with complete response.
Ethyl acetate Fraction of Garcinia Mangostana L Rind Study as Antimalaria and Antioxidant in Plasmodium berghei Inoculated Mice
Authors: Tjahjani Susy , Biantoro Yonathan , Tjokropranoto Rita
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance to malaria is still a problem in various regions, and there have even been developments in resistance to the ACTs (artemisinin-based combination therapies) as standard antimalarial drugs included to artemisinin’s partner drugs. Ethyl acetate fraction of G. mangostana L rind, containing xanthones as an antioxidant, has antimalarial activity in vitro which has a synergistic effect with artemisinin. That’s why the activities of this fraction are needed to be studied in vivo. AIM: To explore the antimalarial and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Garcinia mangostana L rind in mice. METHODS: This was a complete randomised design true experimental study. Six groups of mice: a healthy mice group and 5 groups of Plasmodium berghei inoculated mice treated with various doses of the sample for 3 days compared to artemisinin. Parasitemia and total antioxidant status were examined and analysed using ANOVA, and probit analysis were done.RESULTS: The parasitemia level in all of the treatment groups were lower than the positive control group without treatment (p < 0.01) and the parasitemia level was the lowest in artemisinin group which was not significantly different from the 100 mg/kg body weight dose group (p > 0.05). The parasitemia level in 20 and 4 mg/kg body weight dose groups were higher than the artemisinin group (p < 0.01). Parasite growth inhibition rate from the highest to the lowest consecutively was: artemisinin, 100 mg/kg body weight, 20 mg/kg body weight, 4 mg/kg body weight, and positive control group (p < 0.05) and ED50 was 3.396 mg/kg body weight. Total antioxidant status was the highest in 20 mg/ kg body weight dose and higher than the negative control group (p < 0.05) while the lowest total antioxidant status was in the positive control group. CONCLUSION: Ethyl acetate fraction of G. mangostana L rind potentially showed antimalarial and antioxidant activity in vivo. Further study is needed to explore the detail of its mechanism of action and its quantitative phytochemical analysis to find the leading compound in it.
Role of Perioperative Pregabalin in the Management of Acute and Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain
Authors: Gaber Sara , Saleh Emad , Elshaikh Somaya , Reyad Rafaat , Elramly Mohamed , Mourad Ismail , Abdel Fattah Mohamed
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS) can be challenging to treat. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative pregabalin in the prevention of acute and chronic post-thoracotomy pain. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for thoracotomy for oncologic surgeries were randomly allocated to one of two groups; Pregabalin and Control. In the Pregabalin group, pregabalin 150 mg was administered one hour before thoracotomy and 12 hours later, then every 12 hours for five days. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest (VAS-R) and dynamic (VAS-D) in the ICU and during the next four days. Morphine consumption and the frequency of side effects were recorded. Assessment of PTPS was done using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale at 1, 2, and 3 months. RESULTS: The VAS-R and VAS-D scores and the total morphine consumption were significantly lower in Pregabalin group during days 0 through 4. Neuropathic pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia were significantly lower in Pregabalin group after 1, 2, and 3 months. CONCLUSION: Pregabalin is effective in the reduction of chronic neuropathic pain at 1, 2, and 3 months after thoracotomy and it also reduces pain and opioid consumption during the acute postoperative period with few adverse effects.
Unusual Splitting of Medial Cord of the Right Brachial Plexus and Its Relation to the Axillary Artery and Subscapular Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John , Aguinaldo Emilio , Velasco-Nieves Natalia M. , Vandeveer Zachary T. , Morales-Marrietti Nannette , Matthew Shannon , Afolabi Abayomi Gbolahan , McCracken Thomas
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Variations in human anatomy have been associated with numerous clinical correlations that may affect patient care. In this article, we present a unique variation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus about the axillary artery and subscapular artery. The precise assessment of this unique morphology was performed during a cadaveric dissection. CASE PRESENTATION: Contrary to the general course of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, this report demonstrates a rare splitting of the medial cord around the axillary artery and a second abnormal communication between the posterior and medial cords that show a “nutcracker-like” syndrome involving the subscapular artery. CONCLUSION: Such variations could make surgeries challenging. We also infer that these anatomical variations could make gliding therapy inefficient in any motor dysfunction initiating from the brachial plexus.
Teaching Nurses to Make Clinical Judgments That Ensure Patient Safety
Authors: Billings Diane M.
Published: July 2019

Many newly employed nurses do not have the necessary skill or experience to make sound nursing clinical judgments. Thus, their actions can pose a risk to patient safety. Professional development educators, clinical educators, and preceptors can use a clinical judgment task model when teaching nurses to make accurate clinical judgments. Strategies such as using prompts with deliberate practice facilitate learning this skill.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(7):300–302]
Ectopia Lentis et Pupillae Caused by
ADAMTSL4
Pathogenic Variants and an Algorithm for Work-up
Authors: Safi Mustafa , Nejad Salimeh Khazaei , O'Hara Mary , Shankar Suma P.
Published: July 2019

Ectopia lentis is displacement of the lens from its original position. It can be inherited or acquired with isolated or systemic findings. The authors describe a 4-year-old girl with isolated ectopia lentis et pupillae caused by pathogenic variants in the
ADAMTSL4
gene and discuss the molecular genetic work-up of individuals with ectopia lentis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e45–e48.]
A Rare Case of Anterior Segment Ischemia Following Wright's Modification of the Hummelsheim Procedure for Total Lateral Rectus Muscle Palsy
Authors: Ganesh Sandra , Ramakrishna Shwetha H.
Published: July 2019

A 53-year-old woman presented with diplopia and deviation of the left eye for the past 3 years. She had non-resolving isolated left lateral rectus palsy. She underwent a medial rectus recession and Hummelsheim (Wright's modification) procedure in her left eye. Postoperatively, the anterior segment ischemia resolved with steroids.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e53–e56.]
The Stability of a Freely Floating Ship
Authors: Pawłowski M
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the problem of calculating the righting arms (GZ-curve) for a freely floating ship, longitudinally bal-anced at each heel angle. In such cases the GZ-curve is ambiguous, as it depends on the way the ship is balanced. Three cases are discussed: when the ship is balanced by rotating her around the trace of water in the midships, around a normal to the ship plane of symmetry (PS), and around a normal to the initial waterplane, fixed to the ship, identical with the curve of minimum stability. In all these cases the direction of the righting moment in space and area under the GZ-curves, which is the lowest possible, are preserved. Angular displacements (heel and trim) are the Euler's angles related to the relevant reference axis. The most important features of the GZ-curve with free trim are provided. Exemplary calculations illustrate how the way of balancing affects the GZ-curves.
Stability Failure Analysis in the Operations of Floating Dry Docks
Authors: Njumo D A
Published: July 2019

The main area of this work reflects a topic for which there is little or limited reference available and is carried out to meet the needs of professional and practical floating dry dock operators. The risk of hazards in floating dry docks is evaluated using a discrete fuzzy set theory (FST) and an evidential reasoning (ER) approach in a situation where historical failure data is not available. Fuzzy set modelling is used to estimate the safety levels of the causes of basic failure events in floating dry docks due to stability concerns using the concept of linguistic variables, and provides a framework for dealing with such variables in a systematic way. The ER approach is used to synthesise the estimated safety levels of the causes of hazards/basic hazard events. The results of this work will be valuable to dry dock masters and sister maritime engineering professionals.
Optimal Naval Path Planning in Ice-Covered Waters
Authors: Aksakalli V , Oz D , Alkaya A F , Aydogdu V
Published: July 2019

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) links the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic and it is critical for global trade as it provides a route between Asia and Europe that is significantly shorter than the alternatives. NSR is soon expected to open for intercontinental shipping due to global warming and thus presents tremendous opportunities for reductions in shipping time, cost, and environmental impacts. On the other hand, facilitating this route requires innovative approaches due to the navigation risks associated with its ice-covered waters. This study presents a graph-theoretical approach for optimal naval navigation in ice-covered sea routes with flexible turn angles based on the idea of large-adjacency grid graphs. Our model allows for asymmetric left and right turn radii as well as turn speeds that vary as a function of the turn angle and it offers natural-looking navigation paths.
Human Factor Analysis of Container Vessel's Grounding Accidents
Authors: Yildirim U , Ugurlu O , Basar E , Yuksekyildiz E
Published: July 2019

Investigation on maritime accidents is a very important tool in identifying human factor-related problems. This study examines the causes of accidents, in particular the reasons for the grounding of container ships. These are analysed and evaluation according to the contribution rate using the Monte Carlo simulation. The OpenFTA program is used to run the simulation. The study data are obtained from 46 accident reports from 1993 to 2011. The data were prepared by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS). The GISIS is one of the organizations that investigate reported accidents in an international framework and in national shipping companies. The Monte Carlo simulation determined a total of 23.96% human error mental problems, 26.04% physical problems, 38.58% voyage management errors, and 11.42% team management error causes. Consequently, 50% of the human error is attributable to human performance disorders, while 50% team failure has been found.
Hybrid Communication Network for the Purpose of Maritime Applications - Technical Note
Authors: Bronk K , Lipka A , Niski R , Wereszko B
Published: July 2019

Technical Notes - The article presents the concept of the hybrid communication system for the purpose of maritime applications. The main idea of this system is that it will utilize the seamless roaming concept, which means the communication link at sea will be established automatically (and seamlessly for the user), using many possible communication techniques (cellular, LTE, Wi-Fi, VDES, etc.) which will be selected depending on the current conditions of the radio channel and the requirements and preferences of the user. The paper will introduce the general architecture of the system, the concept of the maritime cloud and the seamless roaming, including the way the latter will be implemented in the system. The authors will also briefly introduce the proposed test-bed of the system’s on-board device. The system presented in the article is one of the major topics of the EfficienSea 2 project (co-funded from the ‘Horizon 2020’ programme) in which the authors of the paper participate.
Numerical Study on NOx Emission Reduction Mechanism of HCCI Marine Diesel Engine for IMO Tier III Emission Limits
Authors: Li B , Gao H T
Published: July 2019

With the advantages of ultra-low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and high thermal efficiency, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode applied to marine diesel engine is expected to be one of the technical solutions to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL73/78 Convention-Annex VI Amendment Tier III requirement. According to the NOX chemical reaction mechanism, taking a marine diesel engine as the application object, the numerical study on the NOX formation characteristics of n-heptane for HCCI combustion process is performed. The results indicate that NO is usually the main component in the generation and emissions of NOX with the n-heptane HCCI mode. The combustor temperature plays more important role in the proportion of NO generation and emission. Compared with the experimental data of conventional marine diesel engine, the emission reduction rate of NOX can achieve an average of more than 95% in using HCCI technology.
Advantages and Obstacles of Applying Physiological Computing in Real World: Lessons Learned from Simulator Based Maritime Training
Authors: Wu Y , Miwa T , Uchida M
Published: July 2019

While simulator based maritime training is widely implemented under international maritime organization (IMO) convention and model courses, troublesome issues such as objective evaluation of training effectiveness remain unsolved. Physiological computing system (PhyCS) refers to an innovative bidirectional human computer interaction which is achieved by monitoring, analysing, and responding to operators’ psychophysiological activities in real-time. With the development of wearable devices, it becomes promising to apply PhyCS, which was considered as a laboratory technology, in real-world scenarios. In our experience utilizing view tracker, portable heart beat sensor, electroencephalogram device, and web-cameras in simulator based maritime training, PhyCS shows potential for advanced applications in operator performance assessment, usability tests, and adaptive training. However, ambulatory working environment, body movement artefact, and model verification are intricate obstacles that constrain its applications in the real world. By examining the advantages and obstacles, this paper aims to develop guidelines to apply PhyCS in the real-world.
A Virtual Piston-Type Wave Maker Based on OpenFOAM
Authors: Yao J
Published: July 2019

OpenFOAM is an open source CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) toolbox and recently attracts many researchers to develop codes based on it for their own applications. In order to numerically generate waves based on the wave-maker theory for a piston motion, numerical improvements have been done on the base of OpenFOAM by the author. In gen-eral, the present new tool can be employed to simulate wave generation as long as the piston motion is given. This paper presents the related computational procedure and simulations for generating relatively long finite-amplitude waves ac-cording to Madsen’s second-order wave-maker theory. The sensitivities of the computed incident wave profile to grid density and time step are investigated for the case of generating a wave with permanent form. The simulation accuracy is validated by comparison with the analytical solution and available experimental data.
A Fuzzy Neural Network Model for Analysing Baltic Dry Index in the Bulk Maritime Industry
Authors: Chou C C , Lin K S
Published: July 2019

Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is one of the important indexes in the dry bulk shipping market. BDI analysis and forecasting is one of important activities of shipowners, charterers, shipping carriers , importers and exporters, and banks in the dry bulk shipping market. Based on the accurate BDI analysis and forecasting , the shipowners, charterers, shipping carriers, importers and exporters, and banks in the bulk shipping market could make many important decision s of shipping operation, management and financial invest such as building a new bulk carrier , chartering in or chartering out a
second hand bulk carrier demoli shing an old bulk carrier , and providing funding for shipowners Thus, t his paper adopts a fuzzy neural network model to analyze the relationship between the BDI in the international bulk shipping market and the major economic indexes in the global financial market . Finally, the proposed fuzzy neural network model is tested by empirical data during the period of 2000 2015. The results show that the fuzzy neural network model has high accuracy of forecast ing . The fuzzy neural network model in this study seems to be pro mising and the model could help the shipowners, charterers, shipping carriers , importers and exporters, and banks forecast future BDI points in the bulk shipping market, and then make important decisions and operation strategies of shipping operation, mana gement and financial invest.
Naval Architectural Considerations in the Design of Floating Dock
Authors: Sundaresan G S , B Sandeep Kumar Jain , A Srikanth , Abdul Shakeel M
Published: July 2019

A brief introduction about floating docks, its advantages and types have been described. The naval architectural considerations which play a significant role in the design of floating dock have been explained. Typical ratios of L/B and L/D as a function of Dock’s lifting capacity have been presented. Empirical formulation for the same have also been indicated wherever applicable. Intact stability and its criterion as applicable for a floating dock have been described. Critical positions during evolution of docking operation and important considerations while performing stability calculations have been highlighted. Attention has also been drawn to the damage stability of floating dock. Aspects of longitudinal and transverse bending moment, which are the governing aspects in the scantling calculations have been described. Also typical methods for securing and mooring of floating dock, without compromising on flexibility for docking operations have been described. Methodology and consideration which has to be kept in mind while using design software (such as NAPA) have been indicated. Simple size optimization techniques which result in steel / ballast volume reduction have also been explained.
Model- and Full-Scale RANS Simulations for a Drift Tanker
Authors: Yao J
Published: July 2019

The flow around a full scale (FS) ship can be simulated by mean s of Reynolds Averaged Naiver Stokes (RANS) method, which provides a way to obtain more knowledge about scale effect s on ship hydrodynamics. In this work, the viscous flow around a static drift tanker in full scale is simulated by using the RANS solver based on the open source platform OpenFOAM. The 𝑘−𝜔 SST model is employed to approximate the eddy viscosity. To reduce computational time, wall function approach is applied for the FS simulation. The flow around the ship in model scale is simulated as well, but without using any wall function, i.e. using Low Reynolds number mode. In order to verify the computations, de-tailed studies on the computational grid including investigation of the sensitivity of computed forces to 𝑦+ (dimension-less distance of first grid point to wall) and grid dependency study are carried out. The computed forces are compared
with available measured data The scale effect s are analysed and discussed by comparisons.
The Economics of a Long Term Coating
Authors: Willemen R , Verstraelen H , Meskens R , Luyckx D , Vastmans K , Lenaerts S , Potters G , De Baere K
Published: July 2019

An important challenge during ship construction is the protection against corrosion of the ballast tanks. These tanks have many compartments, contain multiple structural elements and play a critical role in the seaworthiness. The majority of the ballast tanks are prepared and coated according to IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coating regulations (PSPC), using a light colored epoxy coating that, when maintenance is being performed by the crew, must remain in a “good” condition for 15 years. This method is set next to a protection system applied by a given owner who keeps its ships in an excellent condition for their complete lifetime using a long term coating. More attention is paid to the preparation and application of the coating and consequently it protects the ballast tanks for more than 25 years. These coating strategies are compared in an economic analysis, supplemented with a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the outcomes due to variable parameters. The results indicate that a long term coating only pays off for owners willing to keep the ballast tanks of their vessels in a good condition for the complete lifetime. The decisive factor is that a long term coating entails no recoating in dry dock. The latter results in less toxic components in the atmosphere.
CFD Study of Ship-to-Bank Interaction
Authors: Kim Y K , Ng E Y K
Published: July 2019

Ship-to-bank interaction is a complex physical phenomenon that involves not only in the asymmetric pressure field near banks or channels but also shallow water effect. Traditionally many experimental studies were carried out in this field. As numerical method is getting popular, there were various computational approaches as well. In this study, flow around a container ship in confined water is investigated with the open source CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) toolbox, OpenFOAM. Computations with several bank arrangements and different settings are performed. The OpenFOAM results are also compared to experiment results for validation.
A Methodology to Support Early Stage Off-the-Shelf Naval Vessel Acquisitions
Authors: Morris B A , Cook S C , Cannon S M
Published: July 2019

This paper describes a research programme to construct a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology that supports acquiring organisations in the early stages of Off-the-Shelf (OTS) naval vessel acquisitions. A structured approach to design and requirements definition activities has been incorporated into the methodology to provide an easily implemented, reusable approach that supports defensible acquisition of OTS naval vessels through traceability of decisions. The methodology comprises two main parts. Firstly, a design space is developed from the capability needs using Set-Based Design principles, Model-Based Conceptual Design, and Design Patterns. A key idea is to employ Concept and Requirements Exploration to trim the design space to the region of OTS designs most likely to meet the needs. This region can be used to specify Request for Tender (RFT) requirements. Secondly, the methodology supports trades-off between the OTS design options proposed in the RFT responses using a multi-criteria decision making method. The paper includes an example implementation of the methodology for an indicative Offshore Patrol Vessel capability.
URANS Prediction of the Slamming Coefficients for Perforated Plates During Water Entry
Authors: Zhang W , Chai S , Nguyen H , Jin Y
Published: July 2019

The slamming coefficients for perforated plates of various perforation ratios and layout configurations were predicted using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver STAR-CCM+. The numerical model was validated by comparing with experimental measurements of slamming coefficient for a circular cylinder. The slamming coefficients and free surface profiles of perforated plates were then predicted at full-scale. It was found the air compressibility plays an important role by studying flat plate water entry phenomena. For perforated plates with small gap length/width ratios, the ability of the trapped air to evacuate through the space between the bottom of the plate and free surface is similar. For perforated plates with different gap number at a fixed perforation ratio, the slamming coefficient is increased with the increase in gap length/width ratio. However, a further increase in length/width ratio may impose a negative impact on the escape of trapped air due to the increase of gap number.
Choosing the Style of a New Design - The Key Ship Design Decision
Authors: Andrews D
Published: July 2019

As a former senior designer of naval vessels and, more recently, a leading researcher in ship design, the author has previously presented a description of the ship design process in terms of the important decisions a ship designer makes in concept exploration. Such decision are made consciously or unconsciously in order to produce a new design or, preferably, any design option. It has been contended in many publications that the first real decision that a ship designer makes, in order to proceed, is the selection of the “style” of the design study or of a specific design option. This term was adopted in order to cover, not just a host of design issues and standards implicit in a given study, but also, at this very initial step, the overall characteristics of any particular study. So the term style could be said to be doubly important.

The current paper considers the nature of the early ship design process for complex multi-functional vessels and then retraces the origins of the particular use of the term, where it was seen as the last of the five elements in Brown and Andrews’ 1980 encapsulation of the ship design issues that matter to the naval architect, incorporated in the term “S to the 5th”. This leads on to consideration of the various aspects of design style, many of which could be considered “transversals” as they apply across the naval architectural sub-disciplines and to the component material sub-systems comprising a ship. One of the distinctive advantages of the architecturally driven ship synthesis or Design Building Block approach is that it can address many of these style issues in the earliest descriptions of an emergent design study. Examples, drawing on a range of built Royal Navy ship designs, are presented to show their top-level style characteristics, followed by a series of ship design research studies illustrating how the impact of specific component style aspects can be investigated in early stage ship design, using the UCL Design Building Block approach. Finally, recent research led investigations into integrating ship style into early stage ship design are summarized to demonstrate why the choice of “style” is seen to be The Key Ship Design Decision.
A Fuzzy DEMATAL Model Proposal for the Cause and Effect of the Fault Occuring in the Auxiliary Systems of the Ships' Main Engine
Authors: Balin A , Demirel H , Celik E , Alarcin F
Published: July 2019

The ship engine room has a structure that meets a number of needs related to administrative conditions. Even if a simple mechanical error is considered to be the addition of human errors into the complex structure of the engine room, it can lead to undetected loss. How the causes and effects of the detected faults affect the system is as important as an effective fault detection system to detect the fault and take immediate action against any possible engine failure. This study reveals the causes of problems occurring in the main engine auxiliary systems including cooling, lubricating, cooling oil and fuel systems, and the extent of these problems affecting the system. While the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory supports to identify and analyze the error detection of auxiliary systems with respect to causal effect relation diagram, fuzzy sets deal with the uncertainty in decision-making and human judgements through the DEMATEL. Therefore, fuzzy DEMATEL approach is applied to examine the causes and the weights of the faults and their relation to each other in the auxiliary systems. When we look at the result of the proposed approach, fuel oil pump failures has more impact on the all system and air cooler problems has the second highest place among the all errors.
Viscosity in Seakeeping - Discussion Paper
Authors: Various
Published: July 2019

Discussion Paper
Dangers Arising From Application of the Probabilistic Method (as Included in SOLAS 2009 Ch.II-1) to Measuring Level of Safety of Cargo Ships
Authors: Szulczewski P S
Published: July 2019

From application of a probability based methods to evaluating safety of ships arise certain dangers of hazardous conditions omissions and results misinterpretations. In this paper a few areas in which these dangers occur are identified and described. The purpose of this work was to highlight these areas and suggest a way forward for developing methods for evaluation of safety of ships that would address these identified dangers. In this work the Author focuses on mathematical analysis of selected equations provided in the currently used method as included in SOLS 2009 Convention. The following factors were selected for evaluation: pi – probability of a selected damage occurring, si – probability of surviving a selected damage, A – Attained Subdivision Index and R – Required Subdivision Index. From the performed analysis the conclusions are drawn that there are numerous areas where application of the investigated method may lead to dangers to maintaining controllable level of ship safety.
Prediction of Hydrodynamic Performance of 3-D WIG by IBEM
Authors: Bal S
Published: July 2019

The hydrodynamic performance of three-dimensional WIG (Wing-In-Ground) vehicle moving with a constant speed above free water surface has been predicted by an Iterative Boundary Element Method (IBEM). IBEM originally developed for 3-D hydrofoils moving under free surface has been modified and extended to 3-D WIGs moving above free water surface. The integral equation based on Green's theorem can be divided into two parts: (1) the wing part, (2) free surface part. These two problems are solved separately, with the effects of one on the other being accounted for in an iterative manner. Both the wing part including the wake surface and the free surface part have been modelled with constant strength dipole and source panels. The effects of Froude number, the height of the hydrofoil from free surface, the sweep, dihedral and anhedral angles on the lift and drag coefficients are discussed for swept and V-type WIGs.
Coupled Ranse and Lifting Line Theory for Estimation of Ship Propulsion Factors
Authors: Ramesh K , Makkar I S
Published: July 2019

Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques through the development of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE) have assisted in estimation of resistance and propulsion characteristics of ships to a reasonable level of accuracy. The aim of this paper is to test and demonstrate the capabilities of the coupled RANSE and Lifting Line theory for undertaking ship resistance, propeller open-water and self-propulsion simulations. Further, parametric studies for generation of numerical propeller design sheets and optimisation of propulsive efficiency using the coupled simulation approach has been discussed. Commercial CFD solver “M/s Flowtech - Shipflow” has been used for the study. Initially, some benchmark experimental/numerical model results are validated with the results of the CFD simulations and then, further parametric analyses have been undertaken with the KRISO Container Ship and the KP505 Propeller. The numerical propeller series and the preliminary study methodology for optimization of location of propeller disc behind the ship’s hull are being proposed as an effective concept/feasibility design stage tool for estimation of ship propulsion characteristics.
Risk Assessment Model of Coastal Sea Pollution by Black (Sewage) Waters From Vessels
Authors: Koboević Z , Kurtela Z , Koboević N
Published: July 2019

Qualitative risk assessment using the risk matrices recommended by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Standards Organization (ISO) cannot be used for the risk assessment of the pollution of precisely determined part of the coastal sea by black waters from various vessels. Therefore, an original model has been set for risk assessment by means of multiplicative matrices at three levels, allowing risk assessment for very complex assessments with a lot more input factors unlike the classic risk matrix that has two input factors (frequency of occurrence, intensity of consequences). The proposed model of risk assessment uses matrices which first determine the vessel risk index taking into consideration the factor of device for the processing of black waters and the factor of regulations that are applied to the respective vessels. Later, the location sensitivity index is determined, which takes into
consideration the sensitivity factor of the location and the factor of impact on the location. Finally, at the third level the assessed risk of sea pollution by black waters is determined according to the type of vessel at precisely defined maritime zone locations. The offered model of risk assessment using multiplicative matrices has practical application and can be used also for many other risk assessments that take into consideration many input factors that affect the risk. The result of risk assessment of the pollution of the coastal sea can be used in decision-making in risk management for undertaking measures in order to protect the coastal sea, human health, and economic activities of a certain area in the coastal sea.
The Effect of Tartrazine in Voltammetric Determination of Rhodamin B with Molecularly Imprinted Poly(3-Aminophenol) Modified Carbon Electrode
Authors: Noviandri Indra , Raminas Ajeng
Published: July 2019

In this study, voltammetry method for RhB determination was developed using tartrazine as sensitivity enhancement compound. The working electrode used was a molecularly imprinted poly (3-aminophenol) modified carbon paste electrodes. Measurements were conducted in 0.1 M PBS pH 7 as supporting electrolyte. RhB : tartrazine ratio of 1:10 was the best ratio for RhB determination that gave linear curve in the concentration range of 1 nM - 10 μM with a detection limit of 1.17 pM. RhB had been determined with this method in two real sample namely sekoteng and crackers. The results were similar to those found with spectrophotometry method but voltammetry method was more sensitive than spectrophotometry method.
Effect of Microcellulose on Wettability of Reservoir Rock Surface Model
Authors: Ledyastuti Mia , Sukmarani Galuh
Published: July 2019

Wettability is one factor that influences the enhanced oil recovery. Water-wet surfaces are predicted increasing the oil recovery from the reservoir. Microcellulose has the potential to produce water-wet surfaces. In this experiment, two types of microcellulose were used with different particle sizes of 2.9 μm and 14 μm. Both types of microcellulose are then applied to the reservoir rock surface model, i.e the surface of bentonite which has been soaked in crude oil for one week at 60 °C. Contact angle measurement shows that there is a decrease in water-the reservoir rock surface model contact angle from ~ 90 ° to ~ 80 ° when applied microcellulose solution 0.5% w/w. The difference in microcellulose size causes a difference in contact angle of about 5° at microcellulose solution 2.5%. This shows the application of microcellulose on the reservoir rock surface model causing the surface to be more water-wet.
Application of Benzoyl-Acetone as a Cation Carrier in Mercury (II) Extraction by Using Liquid Membrane Emulsion Technique
Authors: Hamzah Baharuddin , Rahmawati Sitti , Hardani Ririen
Published: July 2019

Mercury (II) extraction from acidic solution with benzoyl-acetone as a cation carrier by liquid membrane emulsion (LME) technique was researched. The liquid membrane emulsion was made by mixing 15 mL the membrane phase solution (containing 2% mixed surfactant of span-80 & span-20, 0.020 M of Benzoyl-acetone in kerosene) and 15 mL the internal phase solution (containing nitric acid) with emulsification rate of 2000 rpm. The optimum condition for mercury (II) extraction were found as follows : extraction time with 300 rpm rate is 10 minutes, pH of the external phase is 2, concentration of HNO3 in the internal phase is 2 M. Determination of mercury (II) in the external phase after extraction was done by Viscible Spectrophotometer (490 nm) with dithizone as a complexing agent. By using these optimum conditions, 30 ml of LME can extract 30 ppm of mercury (II) within 150 ml of the external phase with extraction percentage of 96.8.
Comparison of naproxen and Gelofen for Pain relief in lower third molar surgery: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aliabadi Ehsan , Tavanafar Saeid , Hayati Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Third molar surgeries are a routine procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery and its associated pain is bothersome to patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of Gelofen and naproxen in lower third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial was designed, and patients were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 20 cases in each group): pre-Gelofen group: 400 mg Gelofen 30 min preoperative and continuing every 6 h, Gelofen group: 400 mg Gelofen immediately postoperative and continuing every 6 h, pre-naproxen group: 500 mg naproxen 30 min preoperative and every 8 h, and naproxen group: 500 mg naproxen immediately postoperative and every 8 h. The pain intensity was recorded using the visual analog scale at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Results: Pain intensity decreased in a linear pattern in all groups after 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. In pre-naproxen group, pain decreased suddenly between 2 and 6 h, but after 6 h, pain relief was slower than other groups. The mean pain intensity at 2 h postoperative for the pre-naproxen group was significantly lower than Gelofen group, and at 6 h, it was less than all other groups. At 12 and 24 h after surgery, pain intensity in all groups was similar except for the Gelofen group. Conclusion: Under limitation of the present study, preoperative intake of naproxen showed more effective pain relief than other groups.
Rezensionen
Authors: Emmenegger Jean-François , Schneebeli H. R.
Published: July 2019

Rezensionen zu:
Raj Spielmann:
Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und Statistik
. Mathematische Anwendungen in Natur und Gesellschaft, 303 Seiten, de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2017; ISBN 978-3-11-054252-3. Listenpreis: 89.95 EUR,
von Jean-François Emmenegger;
und zu:
Hans Walser:
Der Würfel, Ansichten, Dimensionen, Modelle
. 113 Seiten, EUR 14.50, Edition am Gutenbergplatz Leipzig EAGLE, 2018, EAGLE 102, ISBN 978-3-95922-102-3.,
von H. R. Schneebeli.
Delivering on the Promise: Exploring Training Characteristics and Graduate Career Pursuits of Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Programs and Tracks
Authors: Klein Robin , Alonso Samantha , Anderson Caitlin , Vaidya Akanksha , Chams Nour , Kurl Anu , Lim Katryna , Taylor Caitlin , Higgins Stacy M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Specialized primary care internal medicine (PC IM) residency programs and tracks aim to provide dedicated PC training. How programs deliver this is unclear.

Objective

We explored how PC IM programs and tracks provide ambulatory training.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey from 2012 to 2013 of PC IM program and track leaders via a search of national databases and program websites. We reported PC IM curricular content, clinical experiences, and graduate career pursuits, and assessed correlation between career pursuits and curricular content and clinical experiences.

Results

Forty-five of 70 (64%) identified PC IM programs and tracks completed the survey. PC IM programs provide a breadth of curricular content and clinical experiences, including a mean 22.8 weeks ambulatory training and a mean 69.4 continuity clinics per year. Of PC IM graduates within 5 years, 55.8% pursue PC or general internal medicine (GIM) careers and 23.1% pursue traditional subspecialty fellowship training. Curricular content and clinical experiences correlate weakly with career choices. PC IM graduates pursuing PC or GIM careers correlated with ambulatory rotation in women's health (correlation coefficient [rho] = 0.36, P = .034) and mental health (rho = 0.38, P = .023) and curricular content in teaching and medical education (rho = 0.35, P = .035). PC IM graduates pursuing subspecialty fellowship negatively correlated with curricular content in leadership and teams (rho = -0.48, P = .003) and ambulatory training time (rho = -0.38, P = .024).

Conclusions

PC IM programs and tracks largely deliver on the promise to provide PC training and education and produce graduates engaged in PC and GIM.
“Mam marzenia”. Z kuratorką i opiekunką Generatora Malta Joanną Pańczak rozmawia Waldemar Rapior
Authors: Rapior Waldemar
Published: July 2019

W tym co robię najbardziej wciąga mnie, spotykanie ze sobą różnych światów i ludzi, którzy kierują się różnymi wartościami. Jak stworzyć sytuację bezpiecznej niezgody? Jak wyjść z bańki, w której każdy z nas mieszka i pobyć z innymi ludźmi? Jak zbudować nowe formy dialogu? – z kuratorką i opiekunką Generatora Malta Joanną Pańczak rozmawia Waldemar Rapior.
Correlação das propriedades elásticas estáticas e dinâmicas de três espécies nativas de madeira
Authors: Braun Junior Wilson , Lube dos Santos Lorenzo
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work was to study thecorrelation betweenthe dynamic modulus of elasticity and the static modulus of the wood.For this, 36 pieces of native woods were used, free of defects and with dimensions 5x5x100cm.It was chosenspecieswith great variation of density, being 12 test specimens of Caixeta (Tabebuia cassinoides), 12 of Massaranduba (Manilkara spp) and the others of Pequiá (Caryocar villosum). Initially, longitudinal and transverse vibration tests were performed, using thesoftwareFFTAnalyzer to obtain the natural frequencies in each direction from the Fourier transform. Subsequently, thepieces were submitted to static flexion at fourpoints, respecting the recommendations provided byISO 13.910: 2013. The results show the efficiency of natural vibration methods, with correlations higher than 80% and small variation, similar asthe researched literature