bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Jouyban-Acree model’s usefulness for estimating ibuprofen and naproxen solubility in some cosolvent mixtures
Authors: Vargas E. Edgar F. , Barbosa B. Helber J. , Martínez Fleming
Published: August 2022

Estimating drug solubility in cosolvent mixtures has been an important pharmaceutical science research field at theoretical and practical levels for several decades. The validity of an adapted version of the Jouyban-Acree (J-A) model for predicting ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NAP) solubility in propylene glycol + water cosolvent mixtures was thus evaluated. The usefulness of Yalkowsky and Roseman’s solubility log-linear equation was also evaluated for the same drugs in such cosolvent system. The solubility estimation was studied as a function of temperature and cosolvent composition. The J-A and Y-R models only require experimental equilibrium solubility values in pure solvents at all temperatures evaluated. Estimated solubility values obtained by using both semi-empiric models were similar but presented notable deviations regarding experimental values presented in the literature, especially for IBP. These results show that currently available theoretical strategies for estimating this property must be improved; they also demonstrate the importance of experimental determination of drug solubility according to temperature in all cosolvent mixtures which could be useful when designing homogeneous liquid dosage at industrial level.
Hierarchical production planning model in flexible job shop including a preemption and sequence-dependent setup times
Authors: Osorio Gómez Juan Carlos , Castrillón  Montenegro Oscar Eduardo , Toro Cardona Juliana Andrea , Orejuela Cabrera Juan Pablo
Published: August 2022

Production planning and control are complex problems for manufacturing organisations. Hierarchical production planning and control is one way to address the problem as it can reduce its complexity and reach good solutions in reasonable computational time. This paper presents a hierarchical approach to resolving production programming in a flexible job shop configuration; this problem includes pre-emption and sequence-dependent setup times. Although non-optimal (as expected), good solutions were obtained as shown in the validation of the method.
Hydrodynamic ecohydraulic habitat assessment aimed at conserving and restoring fluvial hydrosystems
Authors: Diez Hernández Juan Manuel
Published: August 2022

Fluvial conservation and restoration measures’ efficiency was evaluated in terms of ecological state enhancement, comparing future scenarios with historical or altered conditions. Ecohydraulics provides valuable scientific tools for the environmental diagnosis of lotic ecosystems, evaluating the combined effect of flow regime and channel structure on habitat quality for aquatic biota. This paper adopts an analytic-synthetic approach to the interdisciplinary challenge of fluvial ecohydraulics for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) within the framework of ecosystem water management. The procedure for multidimensional (2D/3D) evaluation of the physical aquatic habitat is described as well as its predictive ability and main applications. The 2D depth-averaged scheme is highlighted whose velocity simulation error (being normally lower than 10%) overcomes classic one-dimensional (1D) simplifications. The basic aspects of biological habitat modelling, abiotic variables and biological preference are summarised. Combining eco logical criteria with hydrodynamic flow patterns is illustrated for producing discrete habitat fields which were then spatially and temporarily integrated in ecohydraulic analysis.
Swarm intelligence: problem-solving societies (a review)
Authors: Muñoz Mario A. , López Jesús A. , Caicedo Eduardo F.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a review of the basic concepts of swarm intelligence and some views regarding the future of research in this area aimed at establishing a starting point for future work in different engineering fields. A bibliographic search of the most updated databases regarding classic articles on the subject and the most recent applications and results was used for constructing this review, especially in the areas of automatic control, signal and image processing and robotics. The main concepts were selected and organised in chronological order. A taxonomy was obtained for evolutionary computing techniques, a clear differentiation between swarm intelligence and other evolutionary algorithms and an overview of the different techniques and applications.
Pentachlorophenol reduction in raw Cauca river water through activated carbon adsorption in water purification
Authors: Torres Patricia , Cruz Vélez Camilo Hernán , González Magally , Gutiérrez Héctor Mario , Barba Luz Edith , Escobar Juan Carlos , Germán Delgado Luis
Published: August 2022

Reducing chemical risk in raw water from the River Cauca (caused by the presence of pentachlorophenol and organic matter (real color, UV254 absorbance)) was evaluated at bench scale by using three treatment sequences: adsorption with powdered activated coal (PAC); adsorption – coagulation; and, adsorption – disinfection – coagulation. The results showed that although PAC is appropriate for pentachlorophenol removal, and its use together with the coagulant (aluminium sulphate) significantly improved phenolic compound and organic matter removal (promoting enhanced coagulation), the most efficient treatment sequence was adsorption – disinfection - coagulation, achieving minor pentachlorophenol levels than detection (1.56 μg/l) and WHO limits (9μg/l) due to the effect of chloride on PAC.
Non-uniform electric field-induced yeast cell electrokinetic behavior
Authors: Fernández Morales Flavio Humberto , Duarte Julio Enrique , Samitier Martí Joseph
Published: August 2022

Common dielectrophoresis (c-DEP, i.e. neutral matter motion induced by non-uniform electric fields) has become a basic phenomenon of biochips intended for medical, biological and chemical assays, especially when they imply bioparticle handling. This paper deals with modelling and experimental verification of a castellated, c-DEP-based, microelectrode array intended to handle biological objects. The proposed microsystem was developed employing platinum electrodes patterned by lift-off, silicon micro machining and photoresin patterning techniques. Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test bioparticles for experimental verification. Yeast cells were repelled toward electrode bays and toward interelectrodic gaps tor frequencies around 20 MHz where there is minimum electric field strength, corresponding to a negative dielectrophoretic phenomenon. Yeast cell agglomerations were observed around electrode edges for frequencies of around 2 MHz where there is maximum electric field strength, thereby verifying the positive dielectrophoretic phenomenon. Bioparticles were separated from the electrode edges when the working frequency was reduced and they were dragged towards the electrode centre, remaining there while the frequency was low enough.  Such atypical pattern may be explained due to the occurrence of positive dielectrophoresis overlap with electrohydrodynamic effects (i.e. the viscous drag force acting on the particles was greater than the dielectrophoretic force at frequencies where positive dielectrophoresis should occur). The experiments illustrated microsystem convenience in microhandling biological objects, the reby providing these microarrays’ possible use with other cells. Liquid motion resulting from electrohydrodynamic effects must also be taken into account when designing bioparticle micromanipulators, and could be used as a mechanism for cleaning electrode surfaces.
Mathematically modelling the power requirement for a vertical shaft mowing machine
Authors: Pérez de Corcho Fuentes Jorge Simón , Garbati Pegna Francesco
Published: August 2022

This work describes a mathematical model for determining the power demand for a vertical shaft mowing machine, particularly taking into account the influence of speed on cutting power, which is different from that of other models of mowers. The influence of the apparatus’ rotation and translation speeds was simulated in determining power demand. The results showed that no changes in cutting power were produced by varying the knives’ angular speed (if translation speed was constant), while cutting power became increased if translation speed was increased. Variations in angular speed, however, influenced other parameters determining total power demand. Determining this vertical shaft mower’s cutting pattern led to obtaining good crop stubble quality at the mower’s lower rotation speed, hence reducing total energy requirements.
Comparing two spatio-temporal query languages: SQLST and Güting’s language
Authors: Pérez Montoya Luis Miguel , Moreno Arboleda Francisco Javier
Published: August 2022

Spatio-temporal databases allow us to represent objects and phenomena from the real world which change position or shape as time elapses. Several query languages have been proposed during the last decade to deal with this type of database. Two of these languages have been compared in this paper: SQLST and Güting’s language. The comparison was based on criteria which have been applied to programming languages; however, they were adapted here to evaluate database query languages. The results led to concluding that both languages high degree of expressiveness may affect other criteria such as readability and simplicity, especially in the case of Güting’s language.
A linear approach to determining an SVM-based fault locator’s optimal parameters
Authors: Pérez Hernández Lucas Paul , Mora Flórez Juan José , Bedoya Cebayos Juan
Published: August 2022

The setting up process for support vector machines (SVM) is discussed in this paper. Such settings are normally obtained from exhaustive testing of SVM, settled on by using several configuration parameter values and evaluating performance by using techniques such as cross validation. The linear approach presented in this paper is based on redefining the classical SVM second-order objective function. Better setting parameters were obtained by using low computational cost methodology for resolving new linear optimisation. The proposed approach was applied to a typical classification problem regarding fault location in power distribution systems; the results so obtained were compared to those obtained using classical methodology. An 80% improvement was achieved in mean error when estimating fault location and 56% reduction in the computing time needed for obtaining the best results when using classical approaches.
Technological competences: a conceptual basis for technological development in Colombia
Authors: Castellanos Domínguez Óscar Fernando , Jiménez Hernández Claudia Nelcy , Domínguez Martínez Karen Patricia
Published: August 2022

There are high levels of things unforeseen in the dynamics of supply and demand within the context of a changing economy, thereby demanding that technological development requires high levels of efficiency offering pertinent solutions to social contexts and real market expectations. Technology is interpreted today from a broad perspective, involving hard and soft components. During the recent decade the specialised literature has emphasised that production apparatus development generally depends upon the latter. Aspects related to soft technology are not usually dealt with by academics and are practically ignored by the goods and services industry in countries having emergent economies. The present article proposes that technological competence’s pertinence in production apparatus should be analysed, being involved as a key aspect of soft technology; a conceptual base is thus initially reviewed and the topic’s development compared in different settings. The foregoing led to establishing the gaps between developed and emergent countries, in turn offering a basis for defining challenges in local contexts. Analysing the development and impact of technological competence in the case of Colombia revealed the backward state of things, this being why recommendations are then made for promoting the topic.
Implementing two DC motor speed control strategies
Authors: Rairán Antolines José Danilo , Sierra Niño Yeni Paola , Moreno Roballo Néstor Iván
Published: August 2022

While linear control techniques for dynamic systems have been widely tested, systems are not linear in practice. This means that controllers must be re-tuned to make them useful in an experimental setup. This article presents the tuning and re-tuning process for two control strategies: a PID and an algorithm based on the choice of overall transfer function controlling a DC permanent magnet motor. The algorithms’ performance is evaluated and some recommendations are made.
Sparse signal recovery using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)
Authors: Lobato Polo Adriana Patricia , Ruiz Coral Rafael Humberto , Quiróga Sepúlveda Julián Armando , Recio Vélez Adolfo León
Published: August 2022

Compressive sensing is an emergent field of signal processing which states that a small number of non-adaptive linear projections on a compressible signal contain enough information to reconstruct and process it. This paper presents the results of evaluating five measurement matrices for applying them to compressive sensing in a system using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) to reconstruct the original signal. The measurement matrices were those implicated in compressive sensing as well as in reconstructing the signal. The Hadamard-random matrix stood out within this group of matrices because the lowest percentage of error in signal recovery was obtained with it. This paper also presents a methodology for evaluating these matrices, allowing subsequent analysis of their suitability for specific applications.
The characteristics of oxygen-enriched combustion and perspectives regarding its application in SMEs having high-temperature processes
Authors: González Palencia Juan Carlos , Amell Arrieta Andrés Adolfo , Cadavid Sierra Francisco Javier
Published: August 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) having high temperature processes, such as heat treating and melting, are socially and economically important for developing countries. Consequently, their competitiveness must thus be increased to guarantee their permanence in the market. As these companies are thermal energy intensive, their competitiveness is affected by obsolescence and the low efficiency of older combustion devices, thereby making research necessary and being open to and aware of new technologies. With this aim in mind, a review of the state of the art regarding oxygen-enhanced combustion (OEC) is presented, highlighting its productivity and environmental benefits. A brass melting process in a self-regenerative furnace is shown to account for its potential, in which 28%, 43% and 34% reductions in fuel consumption, process time and CO2 emissions were obtained, respectively, and a 30% increase in efficiency, by increasing the oxygen content in the oxidiser from 21% to 35%. However, increased O2 supply cost constitutes an obstacle to applying this technique in SMEs.
Os desafios da docência na Educação Básica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na cidade de Lábrea, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Cavalcante dos Santos Eliana , Cavalcante Lacerda Junior José
Published: August 2022

A experiência da pandemia COVID-19 trouxe mudanças no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na Educação Básica, principalmente na transição do formato presencial para o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Diante dessa situação, este artigo buscou compreender como se deu a prática docente no uso das tecnologias digitais na experiência da ERE na cidade de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamentou-se em uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa e foi construída a partir da observação participante, de um registro em diário de campo e da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado. O processo de construção dos dados foi realizado entre fevereiro e março de 2021, do qual participaram 21 professores da Educação Básica da cidade supracitada, sendo que para o procedimento de análise foi utilizada como técnica a Análise de Conteúdo, principalmente na ordenação e sistematização de suas fases. Os resultados da pesquisa repercutiram em alguns desafios enfrentados pelos professores durante essa experiência, como: medo do contágio da doença e incertezas sobre a formação profissional, acesso à internet, falta de diversidade de ferramentas tecnológicas e efetividade do processo de aprendizagem. Por fim, o texto apresenta a prática docente que se forja no cotidiano entre as expectativas das inovações propostas pelas tecnologias digitais e a multiplicidade de arranjos sociais, como a precariedade do acesso à internet, durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Resiliencia en docentes universitarios: Afrontando retos en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Llopis Orrego Maria Del Mar , Volakh Sokolova Eugenia , Pérez Llopis Ágata
Published: August 2022

Con la llegada de la pandemia y la interrupción de la actividad académica presencial, las universidades se vieron expuestas a constantes transformaciones en los modelos de enseñanza aprendizaje; cambios marcados por la necesidad de crear nuevos escenarios en los que la presencialidad en las aulas fue sustituida por docencia virtual, lo que obligó al profesorado al abandono urgente del modelo educativo tradicional. En este contexto se originó la investigación de la que resulta este artículo, cuyo objetivo fue el análisis de la resiliencia del profesorado en presencia de la adaptación del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en el sistema educativo superior. Con enfoque cualitativo y carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, se centra en el estudio de la resiliencia del profesorado ante la pandemia y el rol del profesorado ante la virtualización. Se les realizaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas, con guion temático administradas por correo y videoconferencia, a docentes de 6 universidades de América Latina y 4 universidades europeas durante los meses de junio a diciembre de 2020. Los resultados aportan información novedosa sobre la capacidad de adaptación del profesorado, muestran la fortaleza del sistema educativo superior en circunstancias adversas. Se puede concluir que se observa una actitud resiliente entre el profesorado que participó en el estudio, que encuentra en la pandemia una oportunidad para reinventarse y mejorar su docencia. Abogan por una docencia hibrida en la que presencialidad y virtualidad se complementen, aunque consideran que esto podría propiciar un cambio de paradigma, fruto de una mayor demanda de acompañamiento y tutorización del estudiantado durante el proceso de aprendizaje.
Percepción del estudiantado universitario sobre la virtualización de la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación científica en la educación superior
Authors: Vega Umaña Lhiam , Barrantes Aguilar Luz Elena
Published: August 2022

La pandemia del COVID-19 implicó la construcción y reconstrucción de los escenarios educativos, entre esos procesos se destaca la implementación de modalidades de educación distintas a la presencial tradicional. El objetivo del artículo fue analizar la incidencia de las variables edad, sexo y conocimientos previos en investigación en la percepción y preferencia del estudiantado frente a la modalidad presencial o virtual. La hipótesis de trabajo es que existe relación entre estas variables y la preferencia de la persona estudiante por una determinada modalidad de enseñanza. La virtualidad se entiende como el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, plataformas digitales y aulas virtuales en los procesos formativos. El estudio se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo, se ejecuta un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal con alcance correlacional. Se trabajó con una muestra de 295 personas estudiantes matriculadas en licenciatura durante el III ciclo, 2021 (setiembre – diciembre), en la sede central de la Universidad Florencio del Castillo (UCA), Cartago, Costa Rica. Los resultados indican que, en todos los casos, las personas estudiantes prefieren la modalidad virtual frente a la presencialidad, pero de las tres variables contrastadas: carrera, edad y género, únicamente la carrera a la que pertenecen mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre la preferencia. La mayoría de estas personas manifiesta tener muy poco o nulo conocimiento en investigación académica, aunque hayan realizado investigaciones en los cursos de sus carreras, y desconoce el modelo institucional para la elaboración de trabajos finales de graduación (TFG), modalidad tesis. Estas variables guardan una relación estadísticamente significativa con la carrera en la que se encuentran matriculadas. Por último, aproximadamente la mitad de las personas consultadas consideran que la comunicación recibida sobre estos temas por parte de sus carreras es muy mala o mala, lo que permite identificar un aspecto de mejora en la gestión de las carreras y en los procesos formativos vinculados con la investigación académica. Es importante indagar, en futuros estudios, estas variables desde un enfoque cualitativo para el caso del personal docente. Se concluye que la percepción del estudiantado universitario sobre la virtualización de la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación es positiva. En ese marco, las variables edad, sexo y conocimientos previos sobre investigación no determinan su preferencia por la virtualidad.
Malestares y adaptaciones positivas de docentes de la Universidad de Costa Rica en tiempos de Pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Cordero Cordero Teresita
Published: August 2022

Reconocer los malestares del personal docente generados por el confinamiento y las adaptaciones personales y familiares producto de las nuevas demandas laborales, en el marco de la pandemia 2020-2021, es el objetivo de este trabajo. El temor a la enfermedad, a la muerte, así como el confinamiento debidos al COVID-19 han generado en la población nacional e internacional una serie de afectaciones en la salud y en la vida cotidiana. La investigación cualitativa utilizó como herramienta de recolección de información la entrevista abierta y a profundidad, de once docentes de cinco unidades académicas o escuelas de formación de las Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Se definió como uno de los criterios de inclusión al personal docente que asumió de mejor manera el trabajo virtual, y a quienes manifestaron molestias o dificultades. El material transcrito fue codificado utilizando el paquete de análisis cualitativo Nvivo, de la siguiente manera: expresión de sentimientos generados por las circunstancias vividas, los arreglos y ajustes de la oficina en casa y las expresiones sobre el autocuidado y la autodisciplina. Los relatos describen la organización en el hogar, las afectaciones positivas y negativas de vivir con las restricciones sanitarias y las preocupaciones relacionadas con el estudiantado, así como las manifestaciones de cansancio, angustia, sedentarismo, miedo o temor, entre otros. Los cambios positivos benefician el trabajo académico, el ejercicio y la alimentación. La organización de las unidades académicas y el apoyo entre colegas son valorados positivamente. De esta manera, se comprueba la necesidad de cuidar no solo la salud física, sino también la salud mental.
Antonio Cassarino's Latin translation of Plutarch's Bruta animalia ratione uti
Authors: Gaál Balázs
Published: August 2022

The present paper aims at giving a text edition of Antonio Cassarino's humanist Latin translation of Plutarch's dialogue Bruta animalia ratione uti. This is the earliest of three translations made of this dialogue in the course of the 15th century. The text itself is extant in three different manuscripts, one of which is a codex of the Vatican Library (Vat. lat. 3349), compiled after Cassarino's death by Panormita. A comparison of the text variants has led to several results. First, some of the errors shared by all three manuscripts show that they go back to a common archetype already at some distance from the translator's original copy. Second, Panormita relied heavily on a codex of the Biblioteca della Società Siciliana per la Storia Patria in Palermo (MS Lodi XII E 13) in preparing his own version. Third, the Vatican codex is far from being the best representative of Cassarino's original translation. Though Panormita corrected several of the common inherited errors, he made changes to the text without consulting the Greek. In almost every instance, it is a codex of the Biblioteca Casanatense of Rome (Bibl. Casan. 665 C II 8) which gives the best reading, providing the clue for a successful reconstruction of the text. An attempt will be made to trace the version contained in this codex back to a certain person named Balbi, referred to in the dedicatory letter as being a learned expert of both languages, Greek and Latin. Along with the establishment of the text, it will also be possible to define the original Greek source codex Cassarino used for his translation (Vat. Pal. gr. 170).
Association between body composition, physical activity level and Illinois agility test performance in young males and females
Authors: Subak Erdem , Kaya Kaan , Viga Şaban O. , Ocak Muhammed H. , Ağaoğlu Ceren , Bekiroğlu Aslı
Published: August 2022

Background and Study Aim. Agility performance, which is a skill related to fast change of direction, explosiveness, and quickness, is a vital performance component for team sports. Illuminating factors that affect agility is substantial to understand the ability requirements and improve. This study aims to investigate correlations of the body analyze parameters and agility performance.

Material and Methods. One hundred twenty three young participants (93 male, 30 female) were included in this research. Height, weight, fat (%), fat (kg), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, total body water (TBW, kg, and %), bone mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), metabolic age, visceral rating, and body mass index (BMI) measured for all participants. Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was used to analyze agility performance. A questionnaire including questions about the physical activity level of participants was applied to all participants after IAT.

Results. Results showed that height was a dominant determinant of IAT performance. There were significant positive correlations between height (negative correlation in women), body weight, fat percentage, fat mass, and visceral rating level (p < 0.05). TBW (%) had a negative relation with IAT duration (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of IAT between the participants who stated their physical activity levels as low, medium and high (p = 0.025*). Increased daily physical activity level and daily step count increased the agility performance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. Coaches and athletes should be considered especially body weight, fat (%), hydration status, and daily physical activity level to improve agility performance.
The effect of 8 weeks plyometric exercise on physical and motoric features of mental disabled
Authors: Kurtoğlu Ahmet , Çar Bekir , Konar Nurettin
Published: August 2022

Background and Study Aim. Physical activity for disabled people is a long-debated issue. The number of studies examining the effects of alternative exercise programs on the physical and motor outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities is limited. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 8-week plyometric exercises on some physical and motor characteristics of mentally retarded people.
Material and Methods. The method of this study is the experimental method, one of the quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consists of 24 moderately and mildly mentally retarded students aged 11-17 years old studying at a special vocational school. Participants completed a plyometric training program 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Before the training program, height, weight, BMI, vertical jump, sit and reach, standing long jump, circumference measurements, handgrip strength, shuttle test, leg strength, and back strength were compared with those after the training program. The SPSS 25 program was used for the statistical operations. The Wilcoxon test, one of the non-parametric tests, was used to compare the data.
Results. As a result of statistical analysis, significant differences were found in height, weight, vertical jump, sit and reach, handgrip strength, shuttle test, leg strength, and back strength of the participants before and after the training program (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the body circumference measurements and BMI results (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. When evaluating the results of the study, it was found that plyometric exercises have a positive effect on the physical and motor characteristics of the intellectually disabled people.
INFLATION, THE RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATE AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING OF CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY COMPANIES LISTED IN THE INDONESIAN SHARIA STOCK INDEX (ISSI) FROM 2014-2018
Authors: Nurwulandari Andini
Published: August 2022

Apart from serving as a forum for parties in need of funds (issuers) and those with excess funds, investment in the capital market is one of the investments currently being developed in society (investors). The Islamic capital market is a capital market that is governed by sharia principles; all securities transactions on the capital market are governed by sharia provisions. This is a quantitative study that makes use of time series data, which consists of a single object but spans multiple periods: Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rates, and Stock Prices from 2014 to 2018. The method used is a causal and distributive historical method. The population for this study is the entirety of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector, which consists of 29 companies listed on the ISSI. The Multicollinearity Test, the Autorelation Test, the Linearity Test, and the Fixed Effect Model were used to analyze the data. This study shows that: 1) The inflation variable has a significant and significant impact on stock prices in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI), on the basis of results from the partial test of the first hypothesis: 2) The results of the second hypothesis partial test indicate a substantial effect on the Indonesian Sharia stock index share price of the variable Rupiah Exchange rate (ISSI).
The Public Value of e-Government at The Village Level
Authors: Herdiana Dian , Royani Yayan Muhammad , Wahidah Idah
Published: August 2022

The villages as a local government directly serve the public should always provide good public services. On this basis, this article analyzes how the implementation of e-Government by village governments can contribute positively to village`s governance and public service seen from a public values perspective. The research method used in this research is the descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Sources of data come from secondary sources from books, journal articles and other relevant documents. The results of the analysis revealed that there are at least 3 (three) public values from the adoption of e-Government at the village level, namely: First, the commitment of the village government to provide technology-based public services would create good public services. Second, the implementation of e-Government ensures the public's right to participate in government administration in which the adoption of technology and information provides rights for open and collaborative governance. Third, the implementation of e-Government encourages the acceleration of a digital society which would contribute positively to village development and create public welfare.
STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY IN ZIMBABWE STOCK EXCHANGE DURING PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors:   Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe, Bonga Wellington Garikai
Published: August 2022

Volatility is essential to consider uncertainty surrounding investments in financial assets. For this reason, financial industry regulators, mutual fund managers, individual and institutional investors, and policymakers are concerned about volatility. Against this background, this paper investigates the volatility of returns on the Zimbabwean stock market between January 2020 and January 2022. We use the All Shares Index for Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) for volatility analysis and perform the quantitative investigation using GARCH family models. According to the AIC and SIC criterion, we use the GARCH (1,1) model and perform a complete analysis considering the results obtained from EGARCH (1,1) and IGARCH (1,1) regressions. Results report persistence in volatility, showing that it takes time for the market to digest information into the prices fully, and the shocks to conditional variance take longer to die out. Also, an asymmetry exists, implying that bad news and good news impact differently on the stock market, and the magnitude of volatility due to the good news is higher than bad news. Therefore, we conclude that positive news of the same magnitude impacts more than bad news. Investors rely more on the good news for effective decisions during the pandemic to earn more. Considering the results, any policy aimed at reducing the impact of the pandemic is favorable for investment.
Four Failures to Demonstrate that Scarcity Magnifies Preference for Familiarity
Authors: Antonoplis Stephen , Chen Serena
Published: August 2022

As economic inequality increases in the United States and around the world, psychologists have begun to study how the psychological experience of scarcity impacts people's decision making. Recent work in psychology suggests that scarcity—the experience of having insufficient resources to accomplish a goal—makes people more strongly prefer what they already like relative to what they already dislike or like less. That is, scarcity may polarize preferences. One common preference is the preference for familiarity: the systematic liking of more often experienced stimuli, compared to less often experienced stimuli. Across four studies—three experiments and one cross- sectional survey (all pre-registered; see https://osf.io/7zyfr/)—we investigated whether scarcity polarizes the preference for familiarity. Despite consistently replicating people's preference for the familiar, we consistently failed to show that scarcity increased the degree to which people preferred the familiar to the unfamiliar. We discuss these results in light of recent failures to replicate famous findings in the scarcity literature.
Advanced oxidation processes for treating raw leachate: an experimental study (Barka landfill, Oman)
Authors: Al-Syabi Ruqaya , Izady Azizallah , Baawain Mahad Said , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Chen Mingjie
Published: August 2022

Management of municipal solid waste leachate has become an urgent environmental problem in many countries due to the high growth of population and consumption trends. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient methods to treat leachate because of their high ability to reduce unpleasant parameters. Although the simultaneous application of different AOP methods is more effective than a single process, the simultaneous application of AOPs for the treatment of municipal solid waste leachate has received little attention. To fill this knowledge gap, this study presents the simultaneous application of AOP methods to treat municipal solid waste leachate. The efficiency of AOPs was studied in terms of organic compounds such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Leachate samples were collected from the Barka landfill, which is located in the north-east of Oman. Four combinations of applied AOP methods (e.g. ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet (UV)) in this study resulted in the order of hydrogen peroxide/ozone/UV > hydrogen peroxide/ozone > ozone/UV > hydrogen peroxide/UV according to the COD removal efficiency. Combining these AOP methods resulted in an about 1.5 times increase in COD removal (56.62%) and a 1.9 times increase in TOC removal (39.34%) compared with the individual applications.
Shear strength of bentonite–polymer composite geosynthetic clay liners and geomembranes
Authors: Chen Jiannan , Gustitus Sarah A , Lin Hai , Benson Craig H
Published: August 2022

The interface shear strength between bentonite–polymer composite (BPC) geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and textured geomembrane (GM) was compared with the interface shear strength between conventional sodium (Na) bentonite GCLs (NaB GCLs) and the same GM. Four BPC GCLs were used that had polymer loading ranging from 0.12 to 1.09 g/kg. The peak shear strength of the BPC GCL/GM interface ranged from nearly identical to the interface strength of the NaB GCL/GM to as much as 14.4 times lower. The lower strengths of the BPC GCL/GM interface are attributed to the hydrated polymer gel that migrated out of the GCL and into the interface. The hydrated gel has very low shear resistance, reducing both peak and large-displacement interface shear strengths. The reduction in shear strength increased with increasing polymer loading of the BPC GCL and increasing normal stress. Inclusion of a woven slit-film geotextile in the interior of one of the BPC GCLs reduced migration of the polymer into the interface, leading to higher interface shear strength than obtained with the same BPC GCL without a slit-film geotextile.
Construction of geofoam block embankments atop existing transportation infrastructure
Authors: Özer A. T. , Akınay E.
Published: August 2022

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) block (geofoam block) is a mature geotechnology for constructing highway embankments. In addition to preventing bearing capacity and settlement related stability problems for the embankments constructed on soft soil sites, geofoam blocks are also used to construct embankments atop existing infrastructure. Selecting geofoam technology for these applications not only prevents possible structural problems due to the lightweight nature of geofoam blocks but also eliminates costly remediation alternatives. The details of three well-documented and monitored different geofoam embankments constructed atop different existing infrastructures (buried pipeline, buried culvert and pile cap of drilled shafts for a deep excavation) are presented. The backgrounds of these projects, design considerations, construction and instrumentation details are discussed. The monitoring results were presented, and long-term performance predictions were evaluated. Numerical modeling effort was utilized to model the both short- and long-term behavior of geofoam embankments. Time-dependent behavior of the embankments under service loads was compared with numerical simulations. Constitutive modeling and related mechanical properties of geofoam blocks, which mimicked the long-term field behavior, as a function of geofoam density were proposed for future numerical modeling efforts.
Banff Human Organ Transplant Transcripts Correlate with Renal Allograft Pathology and Outcome: Importance of Capillaritis and Subpathologic Rejection
Authors: Rosales Ivy A. , Mahowald Grace K. , Tomaszewski Kristen , Hotta Kiyohiko , Iwahara Naoya , Otsuka Takuya , Tsuji Takahiro , Takada Yusuke , Acheampong Ellen , Araujo-Medina Milagros , Bruce Amy , Rios Andrea , Cosimi Anthony Benedict , Elias Nahel , Kawai Tatsuo , Gilligan Hannah , Safa Kassem , Riella Leonardo V. , Tolkoff-Rubin Nina E. , Williams Winfred W. , Smith Rex Neal , Colvin Robert B.
Published: August 2022

Significance Statement

Microarray analysis of renal allograft biopsies has revealed important insights, including TCMR and AMR gene sets, but is limited to specially processed samples without pathology confirmation. We used the NanoString nCounter platform to perform mRNA analysis of archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney allograft biopsies with the Banff Human Organ Transplant Panel. We correlated Banff pathology scores in the same tissue block with validated and custom gene sets and showed the importance of capillaritis. We identified subpathological transcripts that standard pathology would not have detected and transcripts, pathology, and clinical variables that predicted graft failure in TCMR and CAMR. These findings highlight the utility of archived samples in transplant pathology research and expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of rejection.

Background

To seek insights into the pathogenesis of chronic active antibody–mediated rejection (CAMR), we performed mRNA analysis and correlated transcripts with pathologic component scores and graft outcomes.

Methods

We utilized the NanoString nCounter platform and the Banff Human Organ Transplant gene panel to quantify transcripts on 326 archived renal allograft biopsy samples. This system allowed correlation of transcripts with Banff pathology scores from the same tissue block and correlation with long-term outcomes.

Results

The only pathology score that correlated with AMR pathways in CAMR was peritubular capillaritis (ptc). C4d, cg, g, v, i, t, or ci scores did not correlate. DSA-negative CAMR had lower AMR pathway scores than DSA-positive CAMR. Transcript analysis in non-CAMR biopsies yielded evidence of increased risk of later CAMR. Among 108 patients without histologic CAMR, 23 developed overt biopsy-documented CAMR within 5 years and as a group had higher AMR pathway scores (P=3.4 × 10–5). Random forest analysis correlated 3-year graft loss with elevated damage, innate immunity, and macrophage pathway scores in CAMR and TCMR. Graft failure in CAMR was associated with TCMR transcripts but not with AMR transcripts, and graft failure in TCMR was associated with AMR transcripts but not with TCMR transcripts.

Conclusions

Peritubular capillary inflammation and DSA are the primary drivers of AMR transcript elevation. Transcripts revealed subpathological evidence of AMR, which often preceded histologic CAMR and subpathological evidence of TCMR that predicted graft loss in CAMR.
The daily life of the family living with a crack user
Authors: De Siqueira Daiana Foggiato , Moreschi Claudete , Backes Dirce Stein , Pissaia Luís Felipe
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: Drug use is considered a public health problem due to the physical, biological, psychological and social repercussions caused by this phenomenon in the lives of users and society in general. The aim of this study was to describe the daily life of the family living with a crack user. Methods: This is an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through a focus group with ten family members of crack addicts admitted to a drug detox treatment unit in a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were analyzed according to content analysis. Results: Based on the analysis of results, two categories emerged, namely “Feelings of family members” and “Living with concerns”. Conclusion: Crack addiction weakens family relationships and disrupts the family and social life.
Prevalence of Nosocomial Infection Microorganisms and the Presence of Antimicrobial Multi-Resistance
Authors: Matter Leticia Beatriz , Rhoden Juliana , Prestes Daiane , Pertile Fábio , Wottrich Joise
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: hospitals represent the place where multidrug-resistant bacteria are concentrated and from where they spread within the institution and to the community. Thus, this research aimed to verify the profile of microorganisms related to nosocomial infection and to analyze the existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at the Hospital de Caridade de Santo Ângelo/RS, the largest hospital in the city. METHODS: hospital infection data from 100 medical records, from August/2016 to March/2017, maintained by the Hospital Infection Control Committee were used. Bacterial identification was carried out by the Microbiology Laboratory of the hospital using morpho-tinting and biochemical methods; and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method. Bacterial multidrug-resistance was considered based on resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials. RESULTS: the three most prevalent microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (17%), Escherichia coli (16%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8%). The hospital unit with the highest number of isolates was the adult Intensive Care Unit, with 41% of the cases. Tracheal secretion, urine, and wound secretion samples provided the highest number of isolates. Sixteen different species/groups of multidrug-resistant bacteria were identified, as follows: Morganella morganii (100%), Hafnia alvei (100%), Enterobacter sakazaki (100%), Serratia spp. (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (100%), Proteus vulgaris (100%), Acinetobacter baumannii (100%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (83%), Enterobacter spp. (75%), Klebsiella ozaenae (66%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (66%), Escherichia coli (56%), Serratia rubidaea (50%), Serratia marcensces (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (37%) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%). CONCLUSION: the large number of multidrug-resistant isolates reinforces the importance of isolation and restriction strategies to avoid cross-contamination to inside and outside the hospital.
Persistência e subnotificação da esquistossomose mansônica em município da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais
Authors: Feitosa Randyston Brenno , De Carvalho Meireles Maria Alexandra , Lara Rovilson
Published: August 2022

Justificativa e Objetivos: A esquistossomose mansônica é uma doença crônica negligenciadacuja causa é o Schistosoma mansoni, sendo endêmica no Brasil. Apresenta acometimentosistêmico e tem como manifestações clínicas desde dermatites até síndromes clínicas graves commanifestações neurológicas e/ou hepáticas, como cirrose hepática. Apesar de a incidência haverdiminuído na última década, estima-se que haja subnotificação no país. Esta pesquisa teve comoobjetivo verificar a existência de subnotificação e a persistência do caráter endêmico daesquistossomose em um município no interior estado de Minas Gerais (MG) em 2016. Métodos:Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo com base em dados secundários relativos a resultadospositivos de exames parasitológicos e sorológicos para esquistossomose em residentes domunicípio em sete dos oito laboratórios de análises clínicas existentes. Resultados: Dos 29.266exames avaliados por todas as técnicas, 80 foram positivos, dos quais 50 casos foramconfirmados, com prevalência estimada em 0,17% (IC95% 0,13-0,23%). Nesse ano, foramnotificados também 31 casos de esquistossomose no SINAN-MG. Conclusão: Aesquistossomose em Ponte Nova, MG, persiste com padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade esituação operacional de vigilância de subnotificação. Ressalta-se a importância de fortalecerações de vigilância e de controle para a doença, incluindo a monitorização das áreas endêmicaspara o vetor e o tratamento precoce dos pacientes com PSE positivo.