bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a framework for the ideal emergency department electronic health record. (Preprint)
Authors: Yip Matthew Ryan , Ackery Alun D , Jamieson Trevor , Mehta Shaun D
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have long been touted as a revolutionary step in healthcare by allowing for structured data entry and improved access to information. As the applications of EHRs become more advanced, healthcare providers and other stakeholders seek to leverage these platforms to improve patient outcomes and clinical workflow. Despite the potential of EHRs, evidence suggests that there is a large discrepancy between the potential and empirically demonstrated benefits of EHR systems. The emergency department (ED) provides a rich environment through which to critically examine EHR systems by virtue of its unique challenges: the case load is a mix of high acuity, high complexity presentations as well as a high volume of ambulatory patients, and each care journey can involve multiple care transitions. Moreover, there is a need for a high degree of situational awareness and emphasis on patient safety while balancing departmental flow. For these reasons, there is a growing reliance on digital health solutions and integrated clinical support tools. Additionally, as the gateway into the hospital, it is important that the system needs of an ED are captured in literature. This paper seeks to identify key areas for optimization in EHRs and suggest improvements.
Argumentación jurídica de las sentencias de los tribunales constitucionales como método para lograr la constitucionalización del proceso jurisdiccional (Una lectura a partir de la acción de tutela en Colombia)
Authors: Pabón Giraldo Liliana Damaris , Toro Garzón Luis Orlando , Zuluaga Jaramillo Andrés Felipe
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de la argumentación jurídica y la racionalidad de la decisión jurisdiccional en un Estado constitucional, específicamente por parte de tribunales constitucionales, y de la forma como éstos, a través de la sobreinterpretación; esto es, de la extracción de normas implícitas o adscritas, pueden llega a una decisión lo más racional, objetiva y justa posible. Para ello, se aborda la argumentación jurídica, sus funciones al interior del proceso y cómo a través de ella se puede llegar a una mejor decisión; igualmente, se hace un acercamiento al concepto de racionalidad y a su relación con el derecho, especialmente en un Estado social y democrático de derecho, lo que implica un replanteamiento de la función del juez. Posteriormente, se hace referencia a la constitucionalización del proceso y la manera como se puede llegar a este resultado empleando la argumentación jurídica y la interpretación constitucional; para culminar con un estudio de caso en Colombia, en donde haciendo uso de la acción de tutela como mecanismo constitucional existente para la protección de derechos fundamentales y que atendiendo a algunas causales procede contra providencia judicial, se pueden extraer normas adscritas.
El precedente judicial en México. Fundamento constitucional y problemas básicos
Authors: Sánchez Gil Rubén
Published: September 2021

Aunque el precedente judicial ha sido una figura con creciente importancia en México durante las últimas décadas —sobre todo en materia constitucional—, persiste una concepción tradicional a su respecto. Pero en años recientes, una posición más apegada a la tradición angloamericana se ha introducido en la jurisprudencia mexicana. Trayendo al sistema jurídico mexicano elementos de la teoría del precedente de aquella cultura jurídica, este estudio se pregunta por las bases constitucionales del precedente judicial en México, y echa nueva luz sobre sus dos problemas fundamentales: el uso de “tesis” y el efecto vinculante de los criterios judiciales. Contribuye así a una reanimada apreciación del papel jurídico y político de la judicatura en México, que daría nuevo valor al derecho que elaboran los jueces en este país.
Cryptography: Data Encryption, Decryption and Compression, Database Privacy and Security, Zero Knowledge of Proof
Authors: John Aksa Isac
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Evolution and modernization have brought about progress in technology and this has led to the reduction in privacy & internet security due to an increase in cybercrime and threats. As a result of this turn of events, Cryptography is now being used as a means of keeping information of any kind safe from third party individual(s). Research has shown that with the Encryption of information, third party individual(s) have no chance or less chance of getting past this security measure. Hence, Cryptographers keep improving algorithms to make it impossible for a third party to decrypt this information without the key which is where database Privacy and Security come in. The database contains all the information which is a major asset, there are encryptions which can be used at different levels to provide security. Lastly, for encryption algorithms which are breached by unknown third-party individual(s), the zero knowledge of proof helps to figure out the identity of this individual. They are an extremely interesting and useful construct. They are fascinating because of their definition, which is mutually opposed, their applicability is very vast in cryptography; they are used to restrict the malevolent users to work according to the protocol. Zero-knowledge serve as a good medium to understand the problems regarding cryptographic protocols. Keywords: Cipher, Encryption, Decryption, Key, Security, Database, Zero-Knowledge
The Study of Adivasi Literature
Authors: C. Dr. Sudharani
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Tribals hold all rituals and functions as a community and those include putting up a mandap. Teksingh Tekam, a scholar of Gondi language and culture, says, “Early in the morning, six or seven men leave for the forest in four bullock carts. The literature departments of some universities have included tribal literature in their curricula for purposes of study and research, but that too has been largely perfunctory – and this when Bodo and Santhali languages have been given the status of Scheduled Languages. Residential schools for tribal students have come up right from villages in the interior to cities but little has changed on the ground for the Tribals. Starvation, exploitation, displacement and mass killings continue. To understand Tribal Literature, we will first have to classify it on the basis of ethnic and linguistic diversities and geographical extent. Tribal Literature can be broadly defined as the literature of the ancestors, which, despite being in different languages and dialects, has an all-India character. Tribal Literature is thus multilingual and multicultural. Culture and traditions are often the products of the place of residence. India, with its wide geographical diversity, has given birth to many different cultures. The geographical and climatic conditions of Gondwana (the area of central India where Gond Tribes are found), Bhilanchal and northeastern states are so different that a difference in lifestyle and food is inevitable. Keywords: Bodo and Santhali, Gond, tribality, literature, Issues, Challenges
Percepção dos acadêmicos de saúde sobre atividades de extensão
Authors: França Franciele Coutinho , Sanches Leide da Conceição , Cunha Thiago Rocha da , Garbelini Maria Ceciia Da Lozzo
Published: September 2021

Extension activities allow learners to consolidate learning and encourage the construction of critical citizens capable of facing and solving individual and social issues. The objective was to apprehend the perception by extension students of educational actions in the health area. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Fifteen extension students of a higher education institution located in Curitiba-PR participated in the study. To support the research, preparatory activities on healthy eating were developed in August and September, 2018, and, in the following month, the educational action was presented by the students to a partner community. The collection of information was accomplished through individual, audiorecorded interviews. The coverage of the extension course shall be considered in several areas, with conciliation of theory and practice, allowing views about different worlds to be rethought and valued.
The year public health lost its soul
Authors: Contandriopoulos Damien
Published: September 2021

The COVID pandemic was an acute test of public health capacities
worldwide. Many will hail the successes obtained and stress the
importance of the discipline. On the contrary, this commentary defends
the idea that the COVID pandemic response forced public health to enter
in a Faustian bargain with governments and realpolitik that threaten the
very core of the discipline’s principles.
Invasive multifocal cryptococcal airway disease in a teenager with hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Fay Michael-John , Byrnes Catherine , Pillarisetti Naveen , Fox-Lewis Andrew , McSharry Brent , Blincoe Annaliesse , Barber Colin , Sinclair Jan , Best Emma
Published: September 2021

Cryptococcosis is an invasive, opportunistic, fungal infection that
predominantly effects the respiratory tract and central nervous system
in immunocompromised patients. It is classically associated with defects
in cellular immunity such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Here we
describe a case of life-threatening laryngitis, endobronchitis and
pneumonia due to Cryptococcus neoformans in a teenager with
hypogammaglobulinaemia. To the best of our knowledge, no previous cases
of laryngeal cryptococcosis have been reported in the paediatric
population.
Low genome-wide divergence between two lizard populations with high adaptive phenotypic differentiation
Authors: Llanos-Garrido Alejandro , Pérez-Tris Javier , Díaz José
Published: September 2021

Usually, adaptive phenotypic differentiation is paralleled by genetic
divergence between locally adapted populations. However, adaptation can
also happen in a scenario of non-significant genetic divergence due to
intense gene flow and/or recent differentiation. While this phenomenon
is rarely published, findings on incipient ecologically-driven
divergence or isolation by adaptation are relatively common, which could
confound our understanding about the frequency at which they actually
occur in nature. Here, we explore genome-wide traces of divergence
between two populations of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus
separated by a 600 m elevational gradient. These populations seem to be
differentially adapted to their environments despite showing low levels
of genetic differentiation (according to previously studies of mtDNA and
microsatellite data). We performed a search for outliers (i.e. loci
subject to selection) trying to identify specific loci with FST
statistics significantly higher than those expected on the basis of
overall, genome-wide estimates of genetic divergence. We find that local
phenotypic adaptation (in terms of a wide diversity of characters) was
not accompanied by genome-wide differentiation, even when we maximized
the chances of unveiling such differentiation at particular loci with
FST-based outlier detection tests. Instead, our analyses confirmed the
lack of differentiation on the basis of more than 70,000 SNPs, which is
concordant with a scenario of local adaptation without any degree of
isolation by environment. Our results add evidence to previous studies
in which local adaptation does not lead to any kind of isolation (or
early stages of ecological speciation), but maintains phenotypic
divergence despite the lack of a differentiated genomic background.
Soft Actuators and Robotic Devices for Rehabilitation and Assistance
Authors: Pan Min , Yuan Chenggang , Liang Xianrong , Dong Tianyun , Liu Tao , Zhang Junhui , Zou Jun , Yang Huayong , Bowen Chris
Published: September 2021

Soft actuators and robotic devices have been increasingly applied to the
field of rehabilitation and assistance, where safe human and machine
interaction is of particular importance. Compared with their widely used
rigid counterparts, soft actuators and robotic devices can provide a
range of significant advantages; these include safe interaction, a range
of complex motions, ease of fabrication and resilience to a variety of
environments. In recent decades, significant effort has been invested in
the development of soft rehabilitation and assistive devices for
improving a range of medical treatments and quality of life. This review
provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in soft actuators
and robotic devices for rehabilitation and assistance, in particular
systems that achieve actuation by pneumatic and hydraulic fluid-power,
electrical motors, chemical reactions and soft active materials such as
dielectric elastomers, shape memory alloys, magnetoactive elastomers,
liquid crystal elastomers and piezoelectric materials. Current research
on soft rehabilitation and assistive devices is in its infancy, and new
device designs and control strategies for improved performance and safe
human-machine interaction are identified as particularly untapped areas
of research. Finally, insights into future research directions are
outlined.

Corresponding author(s) Email: 
 mp351@bath.ac.uk, liutao@zju.edu.cn
Fast Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Automated Function Imaging: Comparison with Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
Authors: Ma ChenYao , Sanderson John , Chen Qi , Liang Zhe , Zhan XiaoJun , Wu Chan , Liu Hu , Xiao Lei , Fang Fang
Published: September 2021

Background: Early cardiovascular impairment in obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) patients is often overlooked, leading to irreversible outcome.
Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) derived from
automated function imaging (AFI) echocardiography provides a fast tool
to assess global longitudinal function. We therefore aimed to compare
the feasibility and reproducibility of AFI with mitral annulus plane
systolic excursion (MAPSE) as obesity is common in OSA. Methods: A
comprehensive echocardiographic examination was done in 186 consecutive
patients having polysomnography for suspected OSA in this prospective
study. MAPSE was measured by using M-mode. AFI was derived by offline
analysis of three long-axis views that semi-automatically detects LV
endocardial boundary, which is adjusted manually as necessary.
Variability of AFI and MAPSE were compared among the different subgroups
and further tested in BMI subgroups. Results: Despite a relatively high
obesity rate (42.9%), AFI was feasible in 94% (175/186) patients and
MAPSE could be recorded in all patients. Although more segments were
measured with AFI it showed excellent correlation (r=0.882) superior to
MAPSE (r=0.819) between the expert and beginner. Intra- and inter-
observer variability of AFI were comparable with MAPSE in Bland-Altman
analysis, 5.5% and 6.5% for AFI, 6.2% and 8.8% for MAPSE,
respectively. In repeated measurements, AFI showed higher intra-class
correlation (ICC=0.95) than MAPSE (ICC=0.87). Furthermore, analysis
showed that AFI was feasible even in more obese patients (BMI≥28kg/m2).
Conclusions: Even in obese patients with OSA, AFI-GLS is feasible and
more reliable for less expert operators than MAPSE for detecting LV
longitudinal dysfunction.
Clinical and Imaging Features of Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
Authors: Wang Guang-Sheng , Hu Ting , Yang Jinjian , Tian Yuanyuan , Huang Li , Wang Yuanwei , Gu Hanpei , Wang Ying
Published: September 2021

Infarct Size, Imaging Features and Stroke Types with Different Clinical
Types of Anterior Choroidal Artery Blood Supply Area Infarction
Is implementation of a hospital pathway for high-flow nasal cannula initiation and weaning associated with shorter treatment duration and length of hospital stay in bronchiolitis?
Authors: Tarantino Laura , Burrows Jason , Goodrich Nathaniel , Kerns Ellen , McCulloh Russell
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) is increasingly used
for children with bronchiolitis, but its optimal role remains relatively
uncertain. Our institution created and later revised a ward-based
clinical pathway guiding initiation and weaning of HFNC. METHODS: A
retrospective review of 664 encounters was conducted. Total duration of
HFNC, duration of weaning from maximum flow rate, hospital length of
stay (LOS), and escalation of care were compared across 3 study periods
using generalized linear models: Baseline (HFNC managed at provider
discretion, 5/1/2015-4/30/2017, n = 215), Intervention 1 (first pathway,
initiation at 0.5 L/kg/min and escalation up to 2 L/kg/min,
5/1/2017-2/28/2018, n = 155), and Intervention 2 (revised pathway,
initiation at the maximum rate of 2 L/kg/min, 3/1/2018-1/31/2020, n =
294). Both pathway iterations provided specific titration and weaning
guidance. Models controlled for initial SpO2 and maximum respiratory
rate to adjust for the possibility of differing case severity. RESULTS:
After adjustment for severity, total duration of HFNC was significantly
reduced in the second intervention, but not the first. Adjusted LOS was
shorter in Intervention 1 and Intervention 2 compared to the baseline
period. Adjusted weaning time and escalation of care did not differ
significantly between periods. CONCLUSION: Pathway implementation was
associated with modestly decreased LOS and – when initial flow rates
were increased to 2 L/kg/min – reduced duration of HFNC, without
differences in escalation of care or weaning time. These findings
highlight the potential role of standardization of practice with
clinical pathways in safely reducing unnecessary care.
Evaluation of the short-term cessation and early initiation of antithrombotic therapy in high-risk patients undergoing HoLEP procedure for large prostates (> 100 mL): A critical evaluation
Authors: Tokatli Zafer , Ibis Muhammed
Published: September 2021

Background: To characterize the safety and efficacy of Holmium Laser
Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP) in patients with large prostates
(>100ml) at high risk for thromboembolic events (TE)
resuming antithrombotic treatment (AT) in the early postoperative
period. Methods: Data for 378 men with large prostates treated with
HoLEP for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia between December 2016
and July 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the patients, 134 had
been receiving AT, (anticoagulant (AC), n=51; antiplatelet (AP), n=83).
AT was resumed within 24 hours postoperatively. We determined pre-,
peri-, and postoperative parameters, functional outcome, and adverse
events for the 3-month period postoperatively in patients receiving AC
and AP; and compared results with 203 patients without AT. Results:
Patients receiving AC and AP were older (p=0.015) and had a higher
median ASA score (p<0.001). Objective voiding parameters
(Qmax, PVR) and urinary symptoms (IPSS, QoL) improved in the three
groups (p<0.001). Median enucleation and morcellation
efficiencies were 1.58 (IQR:0.87-3.13) and 5 (IQR:1-8.08), median
catheterization and hospitalization time was 2 days (IQR:2-3) and 3 days
(IQR:3-4), respectively. The perioperative results were similar in the
three groups. Overall, one patient in the AP group required blood
transfusion at 4 days postoperatively due to clot retention and
significant hemoglobin decrease (p=0.216). There was no adverse TE in
any patient within 3-month postoperatively. Conclusion: HoLEP is an
effective and safe method in patients with a high risk of TE whose AT is
discontinued for surgery, as it enables AT to be resumed as soon as
possible.
Acid-base transport model of interfacial reactions for dynamic pH response quantification and regulation
Authors: Yin Fengjun , Yang Xiaohui , Zheng Lei , Fang Ling , Wang Sha , Liu Hong
Published: September 2021

The dynamic pH response resulting from acid-base transport of
interfacial reactions greatly influences the kinetic performance and
process mechanism, but its theoretical foundation is lacked. Herein, a
generalized acid-base transport model is established owing to the
success in deriving buffer transport equations and is experimentally
through the relationships of buffer transport limiting current versus
solution pH and buffer concentration (CB). The relationships bring forth
the parameter determination methods of buffers with the superiority of
facile survey of practical parameter values. Based on model
calculations, the dynamic pH response is drawn as a j‒pH diagram to show
the buffer transport law in the full pH range, highlighting the
rate-limiting effect. The buffer operation principles are graphically
presented as CB‒ΔpH diagrams to aid economic buffer applications. This
study has laid the foundation for quantification and regulation of
dynamic pH response and is of wide interest to the chemistry
encompassing interfacial processes.
Intercomparison of Partial Least Square Regression-based Feature Selection Techniques for Snow Cover Area Models
Authors: Rakan Amin , khalili keivan , Rezaie Hossein , Attar Nasrin
Published: September 2021

Snow cover area on a river basin, affects so many meteorologic and
environmental parameters. By growing remote sensing technology, nowadays
snow cover area could be measured on a regular basis for scientific
purposes. In this study, the monthly average of snow cover area of the
Baranduz river basin from West Azerbaijan in Iran had been used for
modelling by ANN and SVM. The snow cover area was extracted from MODIS
8-day maximum snow extent products from 2000 to 2019. Also, the 20
meteorologic parameters were collected from Bibakran and Babarud ground
hydrometeorological stations and 20 parameters were collected from
satellite base data powered by NASA LaRC projects. After BoxCox
transformation analysis, the feature selection methods were used to
select the modelling subsets. Partial least square regression base
filter and wrapper feature selection methods were used to select
modelling subsets. LW, RC, SR, VIP, SMC, MRMR, JT filter methods and GA,
MCUVE and REP wrapper methods were used to select the best parameters
for modelling. By increasing the thresholds of the feature selection
methods, the number of the selected parameters in subsets was decreased,
and after a certain amount of thresholding value, the number of
parameters was fixed in 10 variables. Selected subsets were being
evaluated by multicollinearity indexes and by performances of the ANN
and the SVM models. 80% of the data used for training models and 20%
of the data used for testing the models. The accuracy of all models was
high and acceptable but, in some subsets, there was a serious
multicollinearity issue. However, the correlation between parameters was
so high despite this, the PLSR base feature selection methods have been
very successful in reducing a great amount of multicollinearity in
selected subsets. Also, the ANN and SVM models have shown very high
performance in modelling the monthly snow cover area.
Location, location, location -- Considering relative catchment location to understand subsurface losses
Authors: Kiraz Melike , Coxon Gemma , Wagener Thorsten
Published: September 2021

The analysis of large samples of hydrologic catchments is regularly used
to gain understanding of hydrologic variability and controlling
processes. Several studies have pointed towards the problem that
available catchment descriptors (such as mean topographic slope or
average subsurface properties) are insufficient to capture
hydrologically relevant properties. Here, we test the assumption that
catchment location, i.e. the relative properties of catchments in
relation to their surrounding neighbours, can provide additional
information to reduce this problem. We test this idea in the context of
Great Britain for a widely discussed problem, that of catchment water
balance errors due to subsurface losses. We test three hypotheses while
considering different locational aspects (1) location to coast, (2)
location next a relevant neighbour and (3) location within the drainage
basin, utilizing only basic and widely available geological and
topographical information. We find that subsurface losses from
catchments with a highly permeable geology connection to the coast are
in order of 20% water balance error. We define a simple
topographic-geologic index that is able to partially explain water
balance issues between neighbours of highly permeable catchments. The
results imply that location, geology and topography combine to define
the differences of water balances of UK catchments compared to what we
would expect from their climatic setting alone. The simple index defined
here can easily be derived globally and tested regarding its wider
applicability.
Flexible endoscopy with noninvasive ventilation assesses and manages infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Soong Wen-Jue , Tsao Pei-Chen , Yang Chia-Feng , Lee Yu-Sheng , Chen Chieh-Ho , Lin Chien-Heng , Sung Yi-Hung
Published: September 2021

Objectives Flexible endoscopy (FE) assessed the whole approachable
aeroesophageal (AE) tracks and changes of management in infants with
severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD). Methods A 10 years (2011-2020)
retrospective study of sBPD infants who had FE with and without
artificial airway in AE tracks. FE with noninvasive ventilation (FE-NIV)
of pharyngeal oxygen with nose-close and abdomen-compression was
supported. Data of found pathologies, changes of consequent management
and therapeutic interventions were collected and analyzed. Results Total
42 infants enrolled. Two scopes of 1.8mm and 2.6mm were used. FE
revealed 129 AE pathologies in 38 (90.5%) infants. Twenty-eight
(66.7%) infants detected more than one lesion. In 35 (83.3%) infants
with 111 airway lesions, bronchial granulations (28, 25.2%),
tracheomalacia (18, 16.2%) and bronchial granulations (15, 13.5%) were
the leadings. Fifteen (35.7%) infants had 18 esophageal lesions. No
significant FE-NIV complication noted. FE findings resulted consequent
changes of management in all 38 infants. Thirty-six (85.7%) infants
involved respiratory care of pressure titrations (29, 45.3%), shorten
suctioning depth (17, 26.6%), changed endotracheal or tracheostomy tube
depth (10, 15.6%) and extubation (8, 12.5%). Twenty-one (50%) infants
had 50 medication changes included add steroids, anti-reflux medicine,
antibiotics and stop antibiotics. Eighteen (42.8%) infants had received
37 therapeutic FE-NIV procedures which included 14 balloon dilatation,
13 laser-plasty and 10 stent implantations. Seven (16.7%) infants had
surgeries included 4 tracheostomies and 3 fundoplications. Conclusion
FE-NIV can be a safe and valuable modality for direct visual assessment
of AE pathologies which contributed subsequent changes of clinical
management in sBPD infants.
Motion corrected fetal body MRI provides reliable 3D lung volumes in normal and abnormal fetuses
Authors: Davidson Joseph , Uus Alena , Collado Alexia Egloff , Poppel Milou Van , Matthew Jacqueline , Steinweg Johannes , Deprez Maria , Aertsen Michael , Deprest Jan , Rutherford Mary
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objective:Evaluate deformable slice-to-volume registration
(DSVR) to calculate 3D-segmented total lung volume (TLV) in fetuses with
congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lung lesions and healthy
controls, with comparison to 2D-manual segmentation. Design:Pilot study
Setting:Regional fetal medicine referral centre Sample:Fetal MRIs
performed for clinical indications (abnormal cases) or as research
participants (healthy controls) Methods:Sixteen MRI datasets of fetuses
(22-32 weeks GA). Diagnosis: CDH(n=5), CPAM(n=2), CDH with BPS(n=1) and
healthy control(n=8). DSVR was used for reconstruction of 3D isotropic
(0.85 mm) volumes of fetal body followed by semi-automated lung
segmentation. The resulting 3D TLV were compared to the traditional
2D-based volumetry, and a normogram of DSVR-derived fetal lung volumes
from 100 cases was produced. Main Outcome Measures:Concordance with
2D-volumetry assessed with Bland-Altman analysis, results of
segmentations presented visually. Observed/Expected values were
calculated for abnormal cases based upon the normogram.
Results:DSVR-derived TLV values have high correlation with the 2D-based
measurements but with a consistently lower volume; bias -1.44cm3 [95%
limits: -2.6 to -0.3] with improved resolution able to exclude hilar
structures even in severe motion corruption or in cases of lung
hypoplasia. Conclusions:Application of DSVR for fetal MRI provides a
solution for analysis of motion corrupted scans and does not suffer from
the interpolation error inherent in 2D-segmentation as per current
clinical practice. It increases information content of acquired data in
terms of visualising organs in 3D space and quantification of volumes,
which we believe will have important value for counselling and surgical
planning. Keywords:Fetal MRI; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; CPAM;
lung volume
A novel Calmodulin-interacting Domain of Unknown Function 506 protein represses root hair elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ying Sheng , Scheible Wolf
Published: September 2021

DUF506 proteins are omnipresent in higher plants. Phosphorus (P)
stress-inducible AtRXR1/REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1
gene, as the first functionally characterized DUF506 gene, is proved to
inhibit root hair elongation through interaction of RXR2/RabD2c GTPase.
However, the knowledge of other P-responsive DUF506 genes is still
limited. Here, we identify four additional P-inducible DUF506 genes and
select two of candidates for functional investigation. Expression
analysis results reveal that both of candidates are induced by auxin.
At3g07350, the duplicated pair of RXR1, expresses ubiquitously in
seedlings under P-stress, whereas At1g62420 is mainly induced in roots.
Overexpression and knockout mutants of At1g62420, which is called RXR3,
exhibit shorter or longer root hair length, respectively. Cellular
imaging results demonstrate RXR3 localizes in root epidermal cells.
ChIP, synthetic peptide treatment and qRT-PCR assay results indicate
RXR3 is transcriptionally activated by RSL4 or RALF1. BiFC and
CaM-binding assay suggest that RXR3 interacts with various CaMs in
presence of Ca2+. Moreover, the frequencies of [Ca2+]cyt in rxr3
mutants are approximately 20% higher compared to that of wild type.
Taken together, our results illustrate a divergent mechanism by which
RSL4-directed RXR3 interacts with calmodulin and functions in parallel
of RXR1, to prevent root hair excessive growth.
On the blow-up criterion for the Hall-MHD problem with partial dissipation in R^3
Authors: Du Baoying
Published: September 2021

We deal with the incompressible 3D Hall-magnetohydrodynamics with
partial dissipation, a new blow-up criterion is obtained, based on which
we also prove a new global solutions with small data.
Balanced polymorphisms and their divergence in a Heliconius butterfly
Authors: Ogilvie James , Belleghem Steven Van , Chouteau Mathieu , Range Ryan , Papa Riccardo , McMillan Owen , Counterman Brian
Published: September 2021

The evolution of mimicry in similarly defended prey is well described by
Müllerian mimicry theory, which predicts the convergence of warning
patterns in order to gain the most protection from predators. However,
despite this prediction, we can find great diversity of color patterns
amongst Müllerian mimics such as Heliconius butterflies in the
neotropics. Furthermore, some species have evolved the ability to
maintain multiple distinct warning patterns in single populations, a
phenomenon known as polymorphic mimicry. The adaptive benefit of these
polymorphisms is questionable since variation from the most common
warning patterns is expected to be disadvantageous as novel signals are
punished by predators naive to them. In this study, we use artificial
butterfly models throughout Central and South America to characterize
the selective pressures maintaining polymorphic mimicry in Heliconius
doris. Our results highlight the complexity of positive
frequency-dependent selection, the principal selective pressure driving
convergence amongst Müllerian mimics, and its impacts on interspecific
variation of mimetic warning colouration. We further show how this
selection regime can both limit and facilitate the diversification of
mimetic traits.
Is there a role for Natural Desiccated Thyroid in the treatment of levothyroxine unresponsive hypothyroidism? Results from a Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Heald Adrian , Premawardhana Lakdasa , Taylor Peter N. , Okosieme Onyebuchi , Bangi Tasneem , Devine Holly , Livingston Mark , Javed Ahmed , Moreno Gabriela , Watt Torquil , Stedman Mike , Dayan Colin , Hughes Dyfrig
Published: September 2021

Introduction Some levothyroxine unresponsive individuals with
hypothyroidism are prescribed a Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT)
preparation such as Armour Thyroid® or ERFA Thyroid®. These contain a
mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine in a fixed ratio. We evaluated
the response to NDT in individuals at a single endocrine centre in terms
of how the change from levothyroxine to NDT impacted on their lives in
relation to quality of life (QOL) and thyroid symptoms. Methods The
ThyPRO39 (thyroid symptomatology) and EQ-5D-5L-related QoL)/EQ5D5L
(generic QOL) questionnaires were administered to 31 consecutive
patients who had been initiated on NDT, before initiating treatment/6
months later. Results There were 28women/3men. The dose range of NDT was
60mg-180mg daily. Age range was 26-77 years with length of time since
diagnosis with hypothyroidism ranging from 2-40 years. One person
discontinued the NDT because of lack of response; 2 because of cardiac
symptoms. EQ-5D-5L utility increased from a mean (SD) of 0.214 (0.338)
at baseline, to 0.606 (0.248) after 6 months; corresponding to a
difference of 0.392 (95% CI 0.241-0.542), t=6.82, p<0.001.
EQ-VAS scores increased from 33.4 (17.2) to 71.1 (17.5), a difference of
37.7 (95%CI 25.2-50.2), t=-4.9, p<0.001. ThyPRO scores showed
consistent fall across all domains with the composite QoL-impact Score
improving from 68.3 (95%CI 60.9-75.7) to 25.2 (95%CI 18.7-31.7), a
difference of 43.1 (95%CI 33. -53.2) (t=5.6, p<0.001).
Conclusion Significant symptomatic benefit and improvement in QOL was
experienced by people with a history of levothyroxine unresponsive
hypothyroidism, suggesting the need for further evaluation of NDT in
this context.
ELANE neutropenia and solid tumors: 4 cases from the French severe chronic neutropenia registry
Authors: Donadieu Jean , MITRI Fares BOU , BEAUPAIN Blandine , Aladjidi nathalie , VIALLARD jean-françois , PAIH jean-Philippe LE , yacoub mokrane , Leblanc Thierry , quero laurent , rouland alexia , LABBE louis , deback claire , Bellanné-Chantelot Christine , EMILE Jean-Francois
Published: September 2021

Neutropenia related to ELANE gene mutations predisposes to infection and
leukemia/ myelodysplasia, but little is known about the predisposition
to cancer. Among a cohort of 149 patients, we identified four with
malignant solid tumors (papillary thyroid cancer, anal squamous cell
cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma),
all after the age of 25 years. Three occurred in cyclic neutropenia
while 1 occurred in severe chronic neutropenia (among 49 and 100
patients, respectively). A previous radiotherapy was identified as risk
factor in one patient. Moreover, among 18 other patients that underwent
hematopoietic stem-cell transplantations, none developed a cancer.
Abundance, relative home range and species - habitat association of small mammal species in Nyerere National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Saanya Aenea , Makundi Rhodes , Mulungu Loth , Massawe Apia
Published: September 2021

Home ranges play an important role in the ecology of small mammals in
understanding the driving factors for variations between species,
including; mating patterns, foraging behavior and habitat use. We
investigated the abundance, relative home ranges and species-habitat
association of small mammal species in the Nyerere National Park. Two
habitats; closed woodland and seasonal riverine forest were selected and
in each habitat two grids of 70m x 70m were established. The Capture
Mark Recapture technique was deployed. From July 2018 to June 2020 a
total of 732 small mammal individuals belonging to 19 species were
captured. Of the 19 species captured, 12 were rodents, 2 insectivores, 4
carnivores; and 1 primate. Acomys ngurui abundance was not statistically
significant different between habitats (W = 220, df = 1, p = 0.144) and
across seasons (F(2, 45) = 1.41, p = 0.2547)). While, Mastomys
natalensis and Lemniscomys rosalia were statistically significant
different (W = 407, p = 0.01 and W=430.5, p=0.002 respectively) between
habitats and across seasons (F(2,45) = 4.352, p = 0.019 and F(2,45) =
6.321, p = 0.0038 respectively). Acomys ngurui had the largest mean home
range size (1,087.58 m2) than L. rosalia (831.55 m2) and M. natalensis
(166 m2) with overlaps being recorded in habitats and across seasons.
Most small mammals were associated with seasonal riverine forest. We
conclude that, small mammal species abundance and home ranges vary with
habitats and seasons for individual species in the Nyerere National
Park. We recommend to the management of the park to consider small
mammals in their general management plan.
Preferential freezing avoidance localized in anthers and embryo sacs in wintering Daphne kamtschatica var. jezoensis flower buds visualized by MRI
Authors: Ishikawa Masaya , Ide Hiroyuki , Tsujii Tetsuya , Stait-Gardner Timothy , Kubo Hikaru , Matsushita Norihisa , Fukuda Kenji , Price William , Arata Yoji
Published: September 2021

To explore diversity in cold hardiness mechanisms, high resolution
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to visualize freezing
behaviors in wintering flower buds of Daphne kamtschatica var.
jezoensis, which have no bud scales surrounding well-developed
florets. MRI images showed that anthers remained stably supercooled to
-14 ∼ -21°C or lower whilst most other tissues froze by -7°C. Freezing
of some anthers detected in MRI images at ∼ -21°C corresponded with
numerous low temperature exotherms and also with the “all-or-nothing”
type of anther injuries. In ovules/pistils, only embryo sacs remained
supercooled at -7°C or lower, but slowly dehydrated during further
cooling. Cryomicroscopic observation revealed ice formation in the
cavities of calyx tubes and pistils but detected no ice in embryo sacs
or in anthers. The distribution of ice nucleation activity in floral
tissues corroborated the tissue freezing behaviors. Filaments likely
work as the ice blocking barrier that prevents ice intrusion from
extracellularly frozen calyx tubes to connecting unfrozen anthers.
Unique freezing behaviors were demonstrated in Daphne flower
buds: preferential freezing avoidance in male and female gametophytes
and their surrounding tissues (by stable supercooling in anthers and by
supercooling with slow dehydration in embryo sacs) whilst the remaining
tissues tolerate extracellular freezing.
High insect pest damage increases faba bean (Vicia faba) yield components but only in the absence of insect pollination
Authors: Riggi Laura , Raderschall Chloé , Lundin Ola
Published: September 2021

Identifying and quantifying crop stressors interactions in
agroecosystems is necessary to guide sustainable crop management
strategies. Over the last 50 years, faba bean cropping area has been
declining, partly due to yield instabilities associated to uneven insect
pollination and herbivory. Yet, interactions between pollinators and a
key pest, Bruchus rufimanus (florivorous and seed predating
herbivore), on faba bean yield have not been investigated. Using a
factorial cage experiment in the field we investigated how interactions
between two potential stressors, lack of pollination from Bombus
terrestris and herbivory by B. rufimanus, affect faba bean
yield. Lack of insect pollination reduced bean weight per plant by 15%.
Effects of B. rufimanus herbivory differed between the individual
plant and the plant-stand scale (i.e. when averaging individual plant
scale responses), likely due to high variation in the level of herbivory
among individual plants. At the individual plant scale, B.
rufimanus herbivory increased yield but only in the absence of
pollinators, possibly due to plant over-compensation and/or pollination
by B. rufimanus. At the plant-stand scale, we found no effect of
B. rufimanus on yield. However, there was a tendency for heavier
individual bean weight with insect pollination, but only when B.
rufimanus herbivory was absent, possibly due to a negative effect of
B. rufimanus on the proportion of legitimate flower visits by
B. terrestris. This is the first experimental evidence of
interactive effects of B. terrestris and B. rufimanus on
faba bean yield. Our preliminary findings of negative and indirect
associations between B. rufimanus and individual bean weight call
for a better acknowledgment of these interactions in the field in order
to understand drivers of crop yield variability in faba bean. This study
showed that herbivory can increase yield, but this effect is only
detectable when investigated in combination with lack of pollination.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF MITRAL VALVE CHORDAL RUPTURE
Authors: Lillo Rosa , Ingrasciotta Gessica , Locorotondo Gabriella , Lombardo Antonella , Graziani Francesca
Published: September 2021

In this report, we present a rare case of severe mitral regurgitation
due to isolated mitral valve chordal rupture without valve leaflet
prolapse in a patient with Fabry cardiomyopathy. This finding could be
due to subvalvular apparatus storage of glycosphingolipids rather than
fibro-elastic deficiency, underlying how close cardiological follow-up
of Fabry patients must be comprehensive and not only focused on left
ventricular hypertrophy and arrhythmias. We feel that our finding could
be of interest for the readership of your Journal.
Letter to editor: Evaluation of the relationship between TREM- 1/TREM- 2 ratio and clinical course in COVID- 19 pneumonia
Authors: wang zhihong
Published: September 2021

Dear editor, we read with great interest the well written article by Dr
Kerget et al with the main objective of investigating the role of
TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The article
pointed that TREM-1 and TREM-2 have important role in inflammation and
TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio was higher in severe COVID-19 patients compared with
moderate COVID-19 patients. We have certain comments to understand the
conclusions of this article. Firstly, triggering receptor expressed on
myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is mainly express on neutrophils and monocytes
in a cell membrane-bound form. A soluble form of TREM-1(sTREM-1), which
lacks the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane part, were detected in the
blood in recent studies. Since you have mentioned “serum TREM-1”, we
were confused whether you detected TREM-1 or sTREM-1. Secondly, we
wanted to know more about the treatment and the kidney functions of the
patients. Thirdly, We are curious to see if high TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio
could predict the distribution of ILD. We would be glad to hear the
opinion of the author on the points, to get a more convincing
conclusion.
Effect of Left Ventricular Restrictive filling pattern on survival in ischemic cardiomyopathy: Implications for surgical ventricular restoration.
Authors: adhyapak srilakshmi , Thomas Tinku , Maria Tivlin , Varghese Kiron
Published: September 2021

Background: To evaluate the effects of baseline left ventricular
restrictive filling pattern (RFP; E/A>2) in ischemic
cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients on prognosis. Methods: Patient data was
retrospectively analyzed over a period of 4.5 years to determine the
effect of Echocardiographic factors on survival and re-admission for
heart failure. Results: There were 102 ICM patients who had baseline
RFP. We identified two sub-groups based on geometric phenotypes of left
ventricular eccentric remodeling and dilated remodeling based on the
relative wall thickness (RWT >0.34 or <0.34). The
patients with preserved RWT had significantly more dilated ventricles (
LVIDd and LVIDs), greater pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASP),
greater diatolic dysfunction (E/A) and less left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF); p<0.001. The number of deaths was higher in
the reduced RWT patients, as were the number of re-admissions, although
the time to survival and time to re-admission was not significant.
Conclusions: In this pilot study on ICM patients in advanced heart
failure with baseline RFP, the presence of preserved RWT indicative of
eccentric remodelling demonstrated a better clinical outcome, leading to
a hypothesis that the eccentric remodelling LV phenotype might benefit
with SVR.
At what age should infants and young children wear a face mask to protect against COVID-19?
Authors: Horne Rosemary , Baddock Sally , Fort Prem , Blair Peter
Published: September 2021

Face masks are strongly recommended as a tool in the fight against
COVID-19 and in adults there is very strong evidence that wearing a face
mask is protective to the individual and also aids in decreasing the
spread of the virus. There is less evidence for the protective effect of
wearing face masks in children and the age at which children are
recommended to wear masks differs widely between organisations and
countries. This review summarises the current evidence of the benefits
and disadvantages of children wearing a face mask, the physiological
evidence of face covering in young children and the differences in
recommendations between organisations and where there might be
consensus.
The relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration and patient safety: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Karaçar Yeliz , Bademli Kerime , Ozgonul Mustafa Levent , Kırca Nurcan
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the relationship between nurse-nurse
collaboration and patient safety attitudes in inpatient care. Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. In the study, the sample universe was
determined by the known sampling method and a total of 160 nurses
working in inpatient clinics of a public hospital between January-March
28, 2020 were included in the study. The data were collected using the
“Personal Information Form”, “Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Scale” and
“Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire”. Descriptive statistics,
t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and linear regression analysis were used to
analyze the data. Results: The mean scores of the nurse-nurse
collaboration (78.55 ± 8.86) and patient safety attitude (162.68 ±
20.59) found to high level. It was revealed that the nurses’ higher
level of collaboration with increasing work experience. Patient safety
attitudes, job satisfaction, safety climate and perceptions of
management of the manager nurses were higher than those of clinical
nurses. Nurse-nurse collaboration has a statistically significant effect
on patient safety attitude of nurses. The results show that %24 of the
change in patient safety attitude in nurses could be explained by
nurse-nurse collaboration. Conclusions: It was determined that, the
nurse-nurse collaboration was significantly associated with patient
safety attitudes. Our findings provided new evidence that it could be
argued that, as the level from nurse-nurse collaboration increase, the
level on patient safety attitude of nurses will increase. This study
proposes that improving nurse-nurse collaboration should be regarded as
a significant strategy that would increase patient safety. Key Words:
collaboration, hospital, inpatient, patient safety, nursing