bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OLEKSANDR DOVZHENKO’S LANGUAGE AWARENESS IN THE DIMENSIONS OF UKRAINIAN IDENTITY (BASED ON DIARY ENTRIES)
Authors: KOTS Tetiana
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the linguistic consciousness of Oleksandr Dovzhenko, a symbolic figure in the history of Ukrainian culture, literature, and language. Taking into account the broad interpretation of language consciousness in world science, the units of its implementation in the artistic and journalistic heritage of the artist are singled out – timeless ideologues Ukraine, people, history, language as cross-cutting ethnocentric components of Ukrainian national identity. An analysis of the dictionary of modern language was carried out, in particular, the lexemes intellectual, nationalism, patriotism in the interpretation of the thinker. Their lexical, semantic, stylistic, pragmatic text manifestations in the authorʼs reception and taking into account the cultural and historical prerequisites of creating diary entries are revealed.
Reflections on the mission of the artist in history, symbolic ethnic values for Ukrainians, united by the idea of national dignity are indicative of the language of the diary entries. The emotional dialogue of the language creates the effect of a conversation with all generations of Ukrainians.
O. Dovzhenkoʼs linguistic awareness testifies to the continuity of Ukrainian spiritual values even in times of statelessness. The thinker in the conditions of the totalitarian regime, fighting for the opportunity to be a writer, cinematographer, produced for his own people the cornerstone ideas of identity, which remain relevant even for our time.
The Effect of Sheet Pile Used for Temporary Work Structure for Excavation Purposes
Authors: Melvin Kho Ying Fan , Ng Tee Ngi Daryn , Sim Dong Hao , Ng Yen Ying , Kok Zi Jie , Ho Cheng Jun , Jusoh Muhammad Noor Hisyam
Published: February 2025

It is often challenging to construct temporary work structures for excavation work with temporary structures at coastal areas with soft soil properties and high-water tables. In this project, we simulated the behaviour of soil movements and stresses by finite element analysis method (using PLAXIS 2D) under different types of U- type steel sheet piles. The outcome result is then presented in the form of a table in this paper, for comparison and reference, which promotes better workmanship and quality in selecting the suitable sheet pile used for temporary work structures for excavation purposes at the coastal area.  Deformed mesh, Horizontal Displacement, Horizontal Incremental Displacement, Safety Factor, Total Displacement, Total Incremental Displacement, Vertical Displacement as well as Vertical Incremental Displacement for both with groundwater and without groundwater conditions of each option are included in the result and analysis section. In conclusion, the analysis serves as an important guideline and reference before the commencement of work, which is important in the decision-making of future work, especially during excavation.
Design and Realization of Smart Plug Based On QR Code and WIFI Access
Authors: Gistya Sudiartama Annenta , Darlis Denny , Hartaman Aris
Published: February 2025

The traditional electrical outlet has evolved with the emergence of "smart plugs," which are WiFi-based devices controlled through communication networks. Many innovations and studies have explored the use of smart plugs for remote load control via the internet and some even utilize renewable energy sources like solar power. In this research, we present a smart plug equipped with a QR code control feature, allowing users to manage connected loads efficiently. Additionally, the smart plug includes sensors to measure power consumption, displaying real- time data on the connected devices. Our smart plug system incorporates an ESP32 microcontroller as the core unit and ACS712 and ZMPT101B sensors for electric current and voltage measurements, respectively. The parameters calculated are electric current and voltage, enabling users to monitor energy consumption accurately. Through rigorous testing, we evaluate the accuracy of the ACS712 and ZMPT101B sensors. The results indicate a 11,39% error for electric current measurements using the ACS712 sensor and a 0,022% error for voltage measurements with the ZMPT101B sensor. This research introduces an innovative smart plug that allows control via a QR code and provides real-time power and load information.
The Influence of Principal Leadership and Teacher Personality Competence on Student Learning Motivation in State Junior High Schools in Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Rosmaniar Rosmaniar , Zahraini Zahraini , Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify how influential the principal's leadership and teacher's personality competency are on the learning motivation of students at State Junior High Schools in Meureubo District, Aceh Besar Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlation research type because it wants to see the cause and effect or influence between variables, namely the influence of principal leadership, teacher's personality competency on student learning motivation. Based on the results of the analysis and identification that have been carried out, it is proven that the principal's leadership and teacher's personality competency have a significant effect on the learning motivation of students at State Junior High Schools in Meureubo District, Aceh Besar Regency, as evidenced by the R Square value of 38.8%.
Proceedings of the 40th AEAA Annual Conference on Reimagining Educational Assessment in the Age of Multiple Dimensions of Learning in a Global Society
Authors: Mokhele-Makgalwa Editors: Matseliso Lineo , Mohale Matsie Agnes , Madise Tsholofelo
Published: February 2025

The 40th AEAA Annual Conference Proceedings presents a collection of peer-reviewed articles that critically explore contemporary challenges and innovations in educational assessment. Under the theme "Reimagining Educational Assessment in the Age of Multiple Dimensions of Learning in a Global Society," these contributions examine transformative approaches to assessment within diverse educational contexts, with a strong focus on African and global perspectives. The twelve articles featured in this volume cover a range of pertinent topics, including frameworks for quality assurance in online assessments, strategies for enhancing learning outcomes through partnerships, and the role of formative assessment in self-regulated learning. Other discussions highlight emerging trends in school-based assessment, the integration of technology in assessment practices, and the evolving needs of learners with intellectual disabilities. Contributions also explore critical themes such as the authenticity of e-assessment policies, peer assessment in technical disciplines, and the alignment of national assessment standards with contemporary educational demands. Providing a rigorous analysis of current and emerging assessment methodologies, this volume offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers. It serves as a foundational resource for enhancing assessment strategies that are responsive to evolving pedagogical landscapes, ensuring equitable, inclusive, and high-quality education.
Towards a Quality Assurance Framework for Online Assessments for Business Education Subjects in the FET Phase
Authors: Dos Reis Karen , America Carina
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a shift to online assessments for educational institutions worldwide and exacerbated challenges related to assess­ment implementation and processes. In South Africa, the quality of online assessments in schools remains a central concern, partly due to the lack of consensus on the criteria that establish such quality. The objective of this study is to establish a framework to create transparency and con­sistency when summative online assessments are applied in the FET band (Grades 10 to 12). The methodology em­ployed consists of a preliminary meta-study of research re­lated to online (summative) assessment, with a focus on quality assurance over a five-year period from 2018 to 2023, using one search engine.The main findings suggest that four dimensions are required to ensure quality assur­ance for online assessments: a policy dimension, which represents specific regulatory or statutory bodies to ensure quality assurance processes; presage factors, which are mainly concerned with infrastructure; the people involved (examination bodies, teachers, learners, and school man­agement teams); and the processes applied to ensure con­tinuous collection of information and monitoring of the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment process. The value of the proposed framework lies in the implementa­tion of online assessments that are learner-centred, authentic, trustworthy, and reliable. Moreo­ver, it supports quality assurance in the review and evaluation of online assessment procedures.
Navigating Online Peer Assessment in Land Surveying Education: Enablers and Constraints
Authors: Harinarain Nishani , Kramm Neil
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an observational study fo­cused on online student peer assessment within the context of land surveying education. Conducted over the course of one semester, the study aimed to identify the enablers, con­straints, and impacts of peer assessment on learning out­comes among final-year land surveying students. Enablers included the promotion of critical thinking, collaboration, and self-reflection among students However, constraints such as time limitations and variability in peer feedback quality posed challenges to the effective implementation of peer assessment.  From my perspective as an academic ob­server, online student peer assessment holds potential ben­efits for enhancing learning outcomes. When properly im­plemented, online peer assessment can serve as a valuable complement to traditional assessment methods, offering students a more holistic learning experience. However, al­locating time and energy towards peer assessment must be carefully balanced against its perceived benefits for stu­dents. The implementation of online student peer assess­ment significantly influenced the outcomes of this particu­lar module. Through online peer assessment activities, fi­nal-year students were encouraged to actively engage with course content, develop critical evaluation skills, and provide constructive feedback to their peers. This active involvement in the assessment process facilitated a deeper understanding of the module concepts and fostered a supportive learning community within the classroom.  De­spite challenges, the potential benefits of online peer assessment for learning outcomes justify its integration into educational practices. By leveraging online peer assessment effectively, edu­cators can empower students to take ownership of their learning journey and cultivate essential skills for their future careers in the field.
Innovation and change management strategies to strengthen the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Bengkulu
Authors: Putri Diesca Adristy Sukma , Kusuma Adevia Indah
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore innovation and change management strategies as a strategic step to strengthen the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Bengkulu. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes seven indicators of innovation management (including strategic objectives, leadership, collaboration, technology, and organizational learning) and three indicators of change management (technology change, organizational leadership, and culture). The results of the study reveal that the combination of innovation and change strategies significantly increases the flexibility, adaptability, and collaboration of MSMEs in facing market dynamics. These findings provide practical implications in the form of comprehensive guidelines for MSMEs to implement technology, strengthen partnerships, and build a culture of sustainable innovation. The uniqueness of this study lies in its specific focus on MSMEs in Bengkulu, offering new insights into the adaptation of innovation strategies in a dynamic local context.
Flores Literarias
(1906): el trabajo
pro bono
del escritor guatemalteco y el imaginario sentimental y de la caridad en la Guatemala de inicios del siglo XX
Authors: DE POLACZYK MARGARITA HERNÁNDEZ
Published: February 2025

El artículo explora, a la luz del giro afectivo, la politización de las emociones en
Flores Literarias
(1906), un trabajo colectivo de escritores guatemaltecos. La obra buscaba recaudar fondos para las viudas y huérfanos de los soldados caídos en el conflicto bélico entre Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras, conocido como la Campaña Nacional de 1906. Enfoca el diálogo entre la literatura y el trabajo
pro bono
del escritor, el deber ser del escritor, la cultura visual y la caridad dentro del proyecto de nación y cohesión social del presidente Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898–1920).
Poética del trabajo artesanal: Juan Carlos Lemus y Sergio Raimondi
Authors: ALBIZÚREZ MÓNICA
Published: February 2025

Como varios estudios lo han planteado, la globalización industrial y postindustrial han afectado la existencia de las comunidades artesanales, especialmente en zonas periféricas del mercado internacional. Pero también actualmente, en el norte global, se presenta la artesanía como una reconexión, a veces romantizada, con la tierra y con oportunidades para el consumidor de hacer elecciones éticas. En este contexto, nos proponemos examinar las poesías del argentino Sergio Raimondi (1968) y del guatemalteco Juan Carlos Lemus (1964) en cuanto sitúan el trabajo artesanal como una experiencia individual y colectiva que resiste la homogeneización, la fragmentación social y la degradación ecológica en Latinoamérica. Desde retóricas distintas, en secciones de la
Poesía civil
(2001) de Sergio Raimondi y
Los versos del (Pájaro) Carpintero
(2021) de Juan Carlos Lemus se asume un posicionamiento crítico frente a patrones de consumo capitalista y se retoman discusiones sobre la relación entre experiencia, trabajo artesanal y el arte.
Bulbillosins A - E, azaphilones from Tengochaeta bulbillosa sp. nov. (Chaetomiaceae), a root endophyte of the Chinese medicinal plant Aster tataricus
Authors: Barrera-Adame Diana Astrid , Marin-Felix Yasmina , Wegener Ana Kristin , Lalk Michael , Stadler Marc , Niedermeyer Timo H. J.
Published: February 2025

Aster tataricus is a plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. From its roots, we isolated four endophytic fungi strains. After mass spectrometry analysis and subsequent molecular networking and dereplication, one of the strain’s extracts showed a cluster of yet undescribed natural products. Additionally, the extract was found to be lethal for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and cytotoxic against eukaryotic cell lines. The fungal strain was characterized by morphological and molecular studies, allowing its description as a new species in the genus Tengochaeta (Chaetomiaceae), Tengochaeta bulbillosa. After cultivation and extraction of the strain, the major secondary metabolites were isolated. Structure elucidation based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry revealed these compounds to be five new azaphilones. Additionally, the localization of these azaphilones in the host plant was studied by mass spectrometry imaging of different plant tissues, revealing that they were mainly localized in the aerial parts of the plant. The main compound, bulbillosin A, was evaluated for its activity against sixty cancer cell lines, revealing a differential cytotoxicity profile.
Prediction of Medical Pathologies: A Systematic Review and Proposed Approach
Authors: Taoussi Chaimae , Hafidi Imad , Metrane Abdelmoutalib
Published: February 2025

Healthcare is essential in every society, and the adoption of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) is revolutionizing medical practices by enabling innovative approaches to pathology prediction and clinical decision-making. This systematic review examines 61 key articles published between 2018 and 2024 to evaluate the state of the art in medical data processing and pathology prediction. Based on this review, we identify critical challenges in current methodologies, including data integration and interpretability. To address these issues, we propose an integrated framework combining data collection, pre-processing, mapping, and clustering with advanced analytics. This approach aims to streamline the medical data pipeline, enhance diagnostic processes, and provide a foundation for future research and clinical implementation.
New Interconnection Technologies Based on Ni Micro-plating Bonding for High-temperature Resistant Power Device Packaging
Authors: Miyagawa Mayu , Onodera Takumi , Nakagawa Masayoshi , Xing WEI , Koshiba Keiko , Iizuka Tomonori , Inagaki Masakazu , Morisako Isamu , Tatsumi Kohei
Published: February 2025

This study proposes Ni Micro-Plating Bonding (NMPB) as a new bonding method for semiconductor packages for power devices with high heat resistance such as SiC. NMPB enables bonding at low temperatures (55°C) by using nickel plating, a high melting point metal. Bonding was conducted using newly developed Ni plating solution and lead frames with a chevron-shaped profile designed for NMPB, and the strength and microstructure of the bonded area were evaluated. As a result, it was found that bonding with NMPB exhibits stronger bonding strength compared to conventional lead-free solder. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of power modules connected by NMPB were evaluated, confirming normal operation at both room temperature and high temperature (250°C). Thus, NMPB is suggested as a new high-temperature device-compatible bonding technology applicable to replace conventional bonding techniques.
The Quarter Factor Prediction of Mold Void Mechanism between Structure Ratio and Molding Gate
Authors: Chien Tzu Chieh , Lo Shih Kun , Li Zong Yuan , Hsu Min Yen , Kuo Yen Hua , Liu Hui Chung , Lai Lu Ming , Chen Kuang Hsiung
Published: February 2025

The fluid kinematics of epoxy molding compound effect on the flow behavior of transfer molding, melting wave uniformity and the mold void risk in the molding gate and structure ratio were analyzed and the molding resistance was investigated by the simulation and experiment as well in this article. The numerical method in this study was capable of considering the effects location on the melting trap of the void, and also compared with the molding resistance. Due to the variation of molding gate in device design period, the substrate type of molding process validation involves flow ability and molding structure resistance, which caused incomplete filling and popcorn failure. Thus, the prediction of melting wave and mold void distributions is a prerequisite for the reliability analysis of IC packages.

However, it was demonstrated that the molding gate cross-sectional area ratio between gate and first-row package array affected the melting wave contribution, and deviated void across the chip. In addition, the die thickness and components aspect ratio influenced the potential mold void distribution on edge and packages of the entire strip. The result also showed better melting wave contact between fluid welding effects when the aspect ratio about 10%.
Evaluation and Process Optimization of Heat-Curable Thermal Interface Materials for Advanced Packages
Authors: Cox Kevin , Painter Joanna , Abu-hamdeh Ghassan , Tonthat Steven , Borden Matt , Krantz Jason
Published: February 2025

This research focused on evaluating 4 epoxy-based thermal interface materials for use between the ASIC and heat spreader in high-reliability flip-chip packages. The research methods included materials characterization, processing experiments and package builds. Experimental thermal conductivity measurements were performed using laser flash analysis on bulk and layered coupons to provide insight to interfacial thermal resistance. Layered samples incorporated two copper pads encapsulating the thermal interface material, thereby approximated a die-to-heat spreader interconnect. The best thermally performing material was incorporated into two different flip-chip package assemblies and exposed to solder reflow temperatures. The material was inspected for voids using confocal scanning acoustic microscopy. To achieve bondlines with low voiding, processing variables were studied including cure temperature ramp rate, cure pressure, and the inclusion of a pre-bake step before curing.
An Innovative Approach for Advanced Packaging in 3D System Integration using Reconstructed Wafer-to-Wafer Bonding
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Suk Kyounglim , Jang Woojin , Jeon Gwangjae , Shin Jaegun , Kim Donghwi , Moon Kwangjin , Park Jaewha , Lee Seokhyun , Ahn Sujin
Published: February 2025

Advanced package architecture and integration are among the most important technologies in high-performance HPC and AI systems of 3D system interconnection. This paper introduces an innovative approach for heterogeneous integration in a new 3D system called reconstructed wafer-to-wafer (W2W) for high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It discusses the package architecture, process flow, and 2um pitch bonding results of the reconstructed W2W technology. This approach utilizes advanced hybrid bonding technologies and offers several advantages, including high performance, efficient power delivery, high yield, and 3D system heterogeneous integration. It supports various architectures and can be configured flexibly according to system requirements, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the system. Furthermore, it proposes a concept to recover alignment errors to enable the interconnection pitches of the integrated circuit package to be scaled down to sub-micron levels, significantly increasing the processing speed of the system.
Fabrication and Passive Assembly of Broadband Evanescent Couplers for Sustainable Pbps Co-Packaged Optics
Authors: Weninger Drew , Serna Samuel , Ranno Luigi , Kimerling Lionel , Agarwal Anuradha
Published: February 2025

A passively assembled chip-to-package substrate evanescent coupler between silicon nitride and silicon was experimentally demonstrated across the 1480-1640 nm wavelength regime with a 0.39 ± 1.06 dB coupling loss at 1550 nm, a 160 nm 1-dB wavelength tolerance (1480-1640 nm), and a 1-dB lateral alignment tolerance of ± 1.56 𝜇𝜇m. The thermal stability was evaluated from 23-60°C with average coupling loss and alignment tolerance

varying by less than ± 0.35 dB and ± 30 nm, respectively. The repeatability of the packaging process flow was also evaluated by measuring coupler performance across four separately packaged systems, with a total range of 1.5 dB for coupling loss observed. Results show the viability of this coupler to help achieve Pbps co-packaged optics switch performance by eliminating active fiber-to-chip alignment and scaling down optical input/output pitch at the die level.
A Novel High Resolution Dry Film Photo-Imageable Dielectric for Redistribution Layer in Advanced Packaging Applications
Authors: Prokopowicz Gregory , Jiang Yaming , Hayes Colin , Gallagher Michael , Reynolds Mark , Lotz Andrew , Wang Kevin , Lu Zhou (Joe) , Gilmore Christopher
Published: February 2025

To meet the needs for finer pitch redistribution layer (RDL) designs on organic, glass and silicon interposers, substrates, and panels, a photoimageable dielectric (PID) dry film (DF) has been developed suitable for embedded trace dual damascene processes. This high-resolution, dry film PID is based on the aqueous developable benzocyclobutene (AD-BCB) platform already used in HVM production for redistribution layer patterning in advanced packaging. The PID is negative tone, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) developable with a Dk of <2.9 and cure temperature of 220°C. Dry film rolls have been successfully made at pilot scale with film thickness ranging from 5μm to 45μm and is able to achieve a 2:1 aspect ratio for 10μm and 20μm films. Patterning has been demonstrated on i-line stepper, mask aligner and laser direct imaging (LDI) tools. Using a 2-stage vacuum laminator, this PID achieves excellent planarity over plated metal contacts and lines. Cured films have passed bias HAST testing (130°C, 85% RH, 96hr, 5V) with line space patterning of 13 μm and 9 μm with no delamination or copper dendrite formation. Two-layer lithography, reactive ion etch (RIE) surface treatment and the Ti/Cu sputter process have been optimized to achieve high resolution patterning with copper peel strength of ≥0.4kgf/cm after HAST (130°C, 85% RH, 96hr) for a 25μm electroplated copper layer. Moreover, the cured dry film has low shrinkage during cure, robust chemical resistance and no leaching in copper plating baths. Based on these attributes, the material demonstrates suitability for 2.5D and 3D advanced heterogeneous chiplet integration schemes including Fan-Out Wafer and Panel Level processing (FO-WLP, FO-PLP).
Metastable Fine Grain Cu for Hybrid Bonding Applications
Authors: Ye Pingping , Han Jianwen , Braye Stephan , ElSawy Abdelhamid , Khanna Harshul , Hayes Veronica , Letize Adam , Whitten Kyle , Richardson Thomas , Najjar Elie
Published: February 2025

Utilizing metastable fine-grain copper offers an opportunity to implement low-thermal budget hybrid bonding techniques. We outline several methods for characterizing fine-grain structures and a screening process to refine these structures. Furthermore, we explore the differences in copper grain evolution between blanket and patterned wafers at room temperature. Finally, we introduce metastable fine-grain copper, which demonstrates stability for four weeks of self-annealing and maintains stability through annealing at 150°C for 2 hours, with grain growth occurring at 250°C. The capability to maintain fine-grain copper over an extended period presents a promising solution for low-thermal budget hybrid bonding.
Pitch Interconnection and Packaging Studies for Hybrid Electronics with Aerosol Jet Printed Particle-Free Ag Ink
Authors: Obeidat Abdullah S. , Richmond Dylan , Howard-Jennings Jordan , Umar Ashraf , Al-Haidari Riadh , Alhendi Mohammed , Garakani Behnam , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Poliks Mark D.
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing of conductive interconnects has become essential in the electronic industry due to the requirements of having smaller electronic components with high performance and producing functional electronics that meet the applications demand. Thus, fabricating conductive lines and patches is key to reduce the challenges of mechanical and thermal reliability associated with advanced electronic technologies. In this work, high-resolution conductive interconnects were fabricated by aerosol jet printing (AJP) across different substrates using a novel particle-free silver ink. The conductivity of the metallic ink was assessed after post-processing at various curing conditions and methods. The printing process parameters of the particle-free ink were optimized to yield high-quality printed features and to investigate the printed film’s continuity on a non-flat surface, including printing from the top of a silicon die to a flexible substrate. The current carrying capacity of the printed particle-free silver ink on NEA 123 material was evaluated and compared against a commonly used nanoflake-based silver ink by performing a current sweep increasing the current by 5mA every 10 seconds until failure.

In this research, conductive interconnects with sub-micron thickness have been obtained. Photonic curing using PulseForge system was found to improve the conductivity at energy density of 3.22 J/cm2 to four times the conductivity of a conventional convection oven curing. The enhancement in conductivity appears to be due to the changes in the film’s microstructure, forming metallic connections between the needle-shaped crystallized grains as revealed by X-ray microtomography. The particle-free ink can be used for irregular surfaces with smooth transitions between the electronic components. Furthermore, the current carrying capacity tests show the printed interconnect’s resistivity increased and then reduced during the test before failure; the failure of the particle-free ink occurred at 2.022 x 105 ± 0.2 A/cm2 compared to 0.99 x 105 ± 0.18 A/cm2 for the nanoflake-based silver ink which makes the particle-free ink an attractive material for high-power electronics applications. Our findings assist the application of flexible hybrid electronics and electronic packaging by providing significant guidelines for electronics manufacturers.
An algorithm for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in units of internal medicine
Authors: Para Ombretta , Stabile Carmen , Cinquepalmi Donato , Magnoni Maria Sandra , Nasso Francesco , Tangianu Flavio , Silingardi Mauro , Valerio Antonella , Manfellotto Dario , Dentali Francesco
Published: February 2025

Patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often hospitalized in internal medicine units (IMUs), and their management is challenging due to a multiplicity of factors affecting the outcome, such as correct patient classification, appropriate pharmacologic therapy, patient discharge, and follow-up. In this context, a standardized pathway (algorithm) for the management of these patients was designed and tested. Specifically, based on information collected through a survey on the management of COPD patients in IMUs, an initial version of an algorithm was designed by the scientific board and proposed to 45 IMUs for a 6-month period to evaluate its feasibility, usefulness, and critical issues. After this preliminary phase, a second version was released, which was again brought to the attention of the participating centers, leading to the final algorithm. The algorithm reports the steps for the management of patients with severe exacerbations of known or suspected COPD, namely: correct diagnosis, treatment of the acute phase, management of comorbidities, appropriate therapy at discharge, and planning of the follow-up. Focus is given to the shift from systemic therapy in the acute phase to early in-hospital inhalation triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting muscarinic antagonists/long-acting β agonists) and the need for education in the use of the inhaler. The algorithm was considered useful by most of the participating centers. The proposed algorithm is an agile and usable tool for managing the main steps of care of COPD patients in IMUs. The future goal is to make the model available to a wider audience of internists.
Minor salivary gland tumours: Malignant or benign? A 10-year local retrospective review
Authors: Grobbelaar Johan , Wright Kathryne E. , Thomas Ann , Adam Shaun E.
Published: February 2025

Background: This study reports on our local incidence of minor salivary gland tumours (MSGT).Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study including all patients with MSGT treated at Tygerberg Hospital from 2015 to 2024.Results: Benign and malignant tumours’ incidence was almost equal at 46.46% and 53.54%, respectively (N = 99). Pleomorphic adenomas were the most common tumour overall (38.38%) and the most common benign tumour. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) was the most common malignant tumour (15.15%). The palate was the most common site. Primary sites other than lips and palate had a 93.23% malignant incidence. Benign tumours occurred statistically significantly in younger patients than malignant tumours (p  0.001) (42.74 years versus 56.02 years).Conclusion: We did not see the high malignant incidence that is frequently reported in otorhinolaryngology textbooks. Pleomorphic adenomas remain the most common and occur most commonly in the palate. We did show an unusually high incidence of PLGA. Primary sites other than palate and lips should raise the suspicion of malignant MSGT.Contribution: The study highlights the importance of reporting on local data because disease patterns may vary greatly based on genetic and geographical differences. Further investigation is needed to explain possible local factors contributing to the high incidence of PLGA.
Therapeutic efficacy of topical glycerol in atrophic rhinitis: A case series analysis
Authors: Deschuytere Lien , Frank Shavina , Lubbe Darlene
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Managing atrophic rhinitis (AR) poses ongoing challenges, with no clear consensus on the optimal treatment approach. Recent exploration into the utilisation of biomaterials in rhinology presents a promising avenue for research. Among these biomaterials, glycerol stands out for its multifaceted benefits in postoperative sinonasal care. Its properties include improved lubrication, preservation of mucosal moisture and facilitation of platelet adhesion and aggregation, thus promoting efficient wound healing processes. The purpose of this case series was to assess the impact of glycerol applied topically to the nasal mucosal in individuals diagnosed with secondary AR.Patients’ presentation: We identified three patients with secondary AR.Management and outcome: Topical glycerol was administered daily, with twice daily saline irrigations. Follow-up for these patients was conducted in our outpatient department. Subjective and objective endoscopic measurements of nasal features improved markedly at 6 weeks follow-up.Conclusion: The application of topical glycerol has demonstrated both subjective and objective efficacy in alleviating sinonasal symptoms associated with AR. It effectively prevents excessive mucosal loss, reduces crusting and enhances ventilation in affected patients.Contribution: Managing AR has historically presented challenges. However, the introduction of topical glycerol application offers a novel, cost-effective and widely accessible option for addressing mucosal changes in the sinonasal region.
Treatment of Hoarding Disorder in a Patient with Heart Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Tully Phillip J. , Cosh Suzanne M. , Wootton Bethany M.
Published: February 2025

Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by an accumulation of possessions owing to acquisition behaviors or absence of discarding, resulting in clutter severe enough to cause emotional distress, impair functioning, and preclude the use of living spaces for their intended purposes. HD is associated with significant psychiatric and physical health comorbidities. Evidence demonstrates an increased cardiovascular response, high prevalence of heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in patients with HD and yet treatment outcomes for patients with comorbid cardiovascular diseases remain unreported. A psychology referral was made for a patient with heart failure (HF) who underwent a structured clinical interview within their domicile and met criteria for adolescent-onset HD (27-year history). Treatment outcomes for this case are described, as well as the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modifications required for the patient, living in squalor and facing eviction. Results demonstrated modest improvements in HD symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment. To ensure HF patients are involved in sorting/discarding tasks during CBT, modifications are necessary to compensate for high fatigability and dizziness to reduce the risk for serious adverse events including syncope and falls.
Effect of different volumes of bupivacaine 0.25% caudal blocks on cardiac index measured by electrical cardiometry in children undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sarhan Khaled , Gebreel Maha , Raouf Ashgan , Reda Islam , Ameen Mohammed , Walaa Rana , Seif Nazmy
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Studies assessing caudal block’s effects on children’s cardiac output are scarce. We aimed to estimate the effects of the caudal block using different volumes of plain bupivacaine 0.25% on the cardiac index assessed by electrical cardiometry.

Methods:

Children aged 1–8 years undergoing minor lower abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups: The 0.8 group received general anaesthesia (GA) along with caudal block with 0.8 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%, the 1.2 group received GA along with caudal block with 1.2 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%, and the control group received GA only. The primary outcome was the percentage of change in the cardiac index from the baseline 10 minutes after the caudal block. Continuous variables were analysed using the ANOVA test, while categorical data was analysed using a chi-squared test with the significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean percentage of change of cardiac index from baseline 10 minutes after caudal block was significantly lower in the 0.8 and 1.2 groups (−11.4 (standard deviation (SD): 12.5%) and −17.1 (SD: 15.5%), respectively) compared to the control group (−0.7 (SD: 11.5%), (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0001). Mean differences were −11 (0.8 vs control, 95% confidence interval (CI): −18.7, −3.3%, and −15.2 (1.2 vs control, 95% CI: −23, −7.5%).

Conclusion:

The cardiac index progressively decreased with the increase in the volume of the caudal block with plain bupivacaine at 0.25% compared to the baseline. However, this decrease was not clinically significant, suggesting that the cardiac index remained within an acceptable range after the caudal block. Nevertheless, caution is warranted due to the increased incidence of hypotension with increasing volumes of plain local anaesthetics in the caudal block.
Short-term efficacy and safety of camrelizumab-based treatment in refractory or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Meng Qingliang , Li Xiaowu , Zhang Youwei , Sun Sanyuan
Published: February 2025

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in the treatment of refractory or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 30 patients with refractory or metastatic ESCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with apatinib at a single institution. The short-term efficacy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. The safety was evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria.

Results:

Among all the 30 patients, the overall response rate and disease control rate were 8/30 (27%) and 19/30 (63%), respectively. Complete response was achieved in 0/30 (0%), partial response in 8/30 (27%), stable disease in 11/30 (36%), and progressive disease in 11/30 (37%). The median progression-free survival was 3.7 (95% confidence interval: 2.48 − 3.88) months and the median overall survival was not reached.

Conclusion:

Our study has shown that camrelizumab in combination with apatinib is a promising therapy for patients with refractory or metastatic ESCC. This combination has a high response rate and favorable clinical safety.
Evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder in cancer patients: A case–control study
Authors: İnci Fatih , İnci Habibe
Published: February 2025

Background:

This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is known to cause depression in cancer patients and may result in cancer treatment failure.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 202 cancer patients and 322 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional, case–control study. Sociodemographic data form and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ) were administered to the participants. The cancer patients’ current MOCQ scores and prediagnosis MOCQ scores, and the MOCQ scores of the control group were compared.

Results:

When the cancer patients and control groups were evaluated according to the MOCQ scales, the cancer patients’ MOCQ-control, MOCQ-doubt, MOCQ-rumination, and MOCQ-total scores were found to be higher compared with the control group (P < 0.001, all). When the cancer patients’ prediagnosis and postdiagnosis MOCQ scores were compared, it was found that their MOCQ-control, MOCQ-cleanliness, MOCQ-doubt, MOCQ-rumination, and MOCQ-total scores after cancer diagnosis were higher than those before cancer diagnosis (P < 0.001, all). In the cancer patients group, it was observed that the MOCQ scores were higher in those who were at the early stage (P = 0.008), women (P < 0.001), unmarried (P = 0.004), highly educated (P = 0.006), unemployed (P = 0.037), and living in a city center (P = 0.023). There was a positive correlation between the cancer stage and the MOCQ-slowness score (P = 0.043). According to the logistic regression analysis, being a woman, having a high education level, living in a city, and having early-stage cancer were found to be the independent predictive factors for the increased MOCQ scores in cancer patients.

Conclusion:

It was observed that the MOCQ scores were higher in the cancer patients compared with those in the control group, and the cancer patients’ MOCQ scores increased after diagnosis. Having an early-stage cancer disease, being a woman, having a high education level, and living in a city center were the predictive factors for the increased MOCQ scores in cancer patients.
A case report and mini literature review of thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer: Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of a rare clinical entity
Authors: Panagiotou Maria Ourania , Lampropoulou Dimitra Ioanna , Pappas Georgia , Laschos Konstantinos , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Aravantinos Gerasimos
Published: February 2025

The incidence of thyroid metastases among patients suffering from primary colorectal cancer is rare. As these metastases are usually asymptomatic, they present as incidentalomas on follow-up imaging. Hereby, we present and discuss a case of metastatic sigmoid adenocarcinoma to the thyroid gland, diagnosed and treated at our institution.
De novo giant prostatic adenocarcinoma: A rare case report
Authors: Kamala Lakshmi H. , Vasudevan Arun , Kumar Aswin
Published: February 2025

Giant prostatic adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare scenario with only two cases reported till date. To the best of our knowledge, our patient, a 76-year-old gentleman adds to the literature as the third case of giant prostatic adenocarcinoma and the second largest in volume. In spite of high pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen value, he had a nonmetastatic disease that was treated successfully with radical intent, and it is the highlight of this case. He completed the planned treatment and is clinically well with no progression at 3 years.
Screening for cervical and breast cancer among community health care workers (ASHAs) of Puri district, Odisha
Authors: Rath Satabdi , Oommen Anu Mary , Cherian Anne George
Published: February 2025

Background:

Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in Indian women. As part of the Indian national guidelines for population-based cancer screening, village-level accredited social health activists (ASHAs) are the key mobilizers for encouraging women to undergo cervical and breast cancer screening. Assessing screening rates in these health workers themselves, can improve implementation of the national program by identifying some of the facilitators and barriers for screening.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among ASHAs in Puri, Odisha, in eight primary health centers (PHCs) randomly selected from 10 blocks. Of all 291 ASHAs in these PHCs, 242 (83.2%) who consented, were given a self-administered questionnaire to assess screening and its associated factors.

Results:

The screening rates for cervical and breast screening in ASHA workers were 9.1% (95% CI: 5.4%–12.8%, 22/242) and 14.9% (95% CI: 10.3%–19.5%, 36/242), respectively. Having undergone screening themselves, was associated with referring others for screening (83.3% of those screened for breast cancer had referred others vs 37.4% of those never screened; 86.4% of those screened for cervical cancer had referred others vs 34.1% of those never screened).

Conclusions:

ASHAs reported low rates of screening for breast and cervical cancer. History of screening significantly influenced the referral of others for screening. ASHAs need to be empowered with both educational exposure as well as motivation for health-promoting activities for themselves, in order to increase population-wide screening coverage.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Versus RAI-WBS and Neck USG in Early Diagnosis of Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Bakshi Jaimanti , Panda Naresh K. , Goyal Atul Kumar , Saini Jyoti , Baral Sovit Jung , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Lal Anupam
Published: February 2025

Background:

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) contributes up to 90% of total thyroid malignancies, and due to chances of high recurrence chances, postoperative surveillance is performed by regular clinical follow-ups using routine neck ultrasonography (USG) and radioactive iodine whole-body scan (RAI-WBS).

Objectives:

Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) has emerged as promising techniques for the early detection of many malignancies, and therefore this study aims to analyse the effectiveness of F-18 FDG PET/CT vs. RAI-WBS and neck USG in early diagnosis of recurrence in DTC after thyroidectomy.

Materials and Methods:

For this, a total of 30 patients diagnosed with the DTC were recruited in the study and were followed-up for the assessment of recurrence of the disease. Either F-18 FDG PET/CT or RAI-WBS and neck USG was used as a recurrence assessment tool, and data were compared for the sensitivity and specificity of the tool.

Results:

The recurrence rate was found to be 26.67%. F-18 FDG PET/CT exhibited a significant advantage over RAI-WBS and neck USG for early detection of recurrence of DTC. F-18 FDG PET/CT was found to exhibit good sensitivity and high specificity compared to the RAI-WBS and neck USG for early detection of recurrence of DTC.

Conclusion:

F-18 FDG PET/CT is recommended to be used in those cases which have a high suspicion of DTC recurrence but is marked negative in other imaging techniques.
Patterns of Presentation and Management Outcome of Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Nkwerem Sunday Patrick , Iroegbu-Emeruem Linda Uloaku , Nkwerem Geraldine Ifechukwu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs where there is a breach in the meninges, especially the dura. Most cases present as otorrhoea and/or rhinorrhoea. Most cases resolve within few days when appropriate conservative measures are instituted. Occasionally, surgical repair is indicated. Different centres have varied experiences with presentations and management. Data from southeastern Nigeria are rare.

Aim:

We present our experience in the management of this condition.

Materials and Methods:

It is a retrospective study carried out in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu. Biodata, presenting symptoms, aetiologies, duration of the leak and treatment of patients managed between 2017 and 2020 were retrieved using data extraction template and analysed with SPSS version 23.

Results:

Fifty patients were involved in the study. The modal age group was the third decade while the mean age was 30 years. More males were involved (M: F ratio of 4:1). The most common aetiological agent was road traffic accidents (30 / 50). The most common presenting symptom was CSF otorrhoea (56%, 28 / 50), while 10% had both rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea. The CSF leak was resolved within seven days in about 80% of cases. Conservative care was enough in 98% of cases managed. No clinical meningitis was recorded.

Conclusion:

Traumatic CSF leak is seen more in active young group with CSF otorrhoea being the most common presentation in our clime. Road traffic accident is the most common cause in our setting. Conservative care was enough in most cases.