bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The automation of marketing
Authors: Pearson Andrew W.
Published: July 2024

Today, the average campaign response rate is less than one per cent and with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), traditional marketing is wading into troubled waters because the waves of strategic campaigns, the retargeting, the real-time media buying and personalised e-mailing are not moving the marketing needle as they used to. The robotisation of shopping and marketing is changing how brands compete for consumers. This paper stipulates that the real opportunity in marketing today lies in redefining the customer relationship rather than in cutting costs. In the future, humans might only be needed in the consumption phase of the buying cycle and purchasing decisions could be left to IoT-connected bots that order products for the customer. These products will then be delivered by anticipatory systems that understand when orders are to be made. For companies to succeed in this environment, they need to make the marketing, ordering and delivering process as seamless as possible, not just for the humans who will consume the products but also for the bots that will order them.
Infrastructure issues in the securities industry: The case for a central counterparty for data management
Authors: Grody Allan
Published: July 2024

Collaboration and risk sharing through industry-sponsored centralised facilities, ie clearing houses, central securities depositories, payment and netting systems, and central counterparties, has been used extensively in the financial services industry. However, it has only been applied to the variable value portion of transactions (principally quantities, transaction prices and monetary values). This paper proposes the same techniques be applied, separately and earlier in a financial transaction's life cycle, to the matching and settling of the non-valued (referential) data components of these transactions. These data components comprise upwards of 70 per cent of a financial transaction's assembled parts. Faults in properly identifying this data, as well as mismatches that occur in separately sourced and assembled financial transactions that counterparties attempt to match prior to payment, are a large source of matching errors. The result is significant imbedded industry-wide operational costs, individual firm monetary loss and counterparty risk, and global systemic risk.This paper advises that a new facility, the Central Counterparty for Data Management (CCDM) be established to access and match multiple incoming sources of referential data at the pre-trade financial transaction assembly point, 'clear' this data through best-of-breed computer analysis, and 'settle' (distribute) industry accepted, CCDM-assured data sets to participants, making it available to be attached to the variable, value portion of the transaction at transaction assembly time. By doing so at the immediate front-end of a financial transaction's life cycle, significant improvements can be made in lowering operational costs, reducing transaction failure rates, and reducing operational losses resulting from data failures in the post-trade matching, clearing, settlement and reporting environment.
Why agency compensation is broken: And what core issues are being ignored
Authors: Blamer Steve
Published: July 2024

AdAge recently made several suggestions on how marketers should prepare for the next five years. One of those suggestions was to ‘fix agency compensation’. But who said it was broken? And if it is broken, what are the core problems (of which many are being ignored)? Steve Blamer, a former CEO of two top-ten agencies, outlines the seven core problems that need to be fixed, both by the client and agency, and provides solutions to each issue.
Paradigm of cyber security transformation in Lithuanian Railways during a pandemic
Authors: Kedys Antanas , Navickienė Žaneta , Šlepetys Rolandas
Published: July 2024

Cyber security is not a complete process, so businesses cannot fully ensure cyber resilience in their activities. Every business can be vulnerable, no matter how it is able to respond to the need for security, create a secure cyber environment and apply modern cyber security measures. Therefore, in a changing operating environment, it is very important to find the right balance to meet the needs of business through targeted cyber security measures, as well as to anticipate potential risks and prepare for preventive action. The study described in this paper focuses on the cyber security challenges, threats and adequate mechanisms for managing them during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aim of the research was to measure the current cyber security state of JSC Lithuanian Railways (also known as LTG) with the following two objectives: 1) to evaluate LTG cyber security practices impacted by COVID-19; 2) to reveal LTG’s cyber security transformation. This paper analyses LTG’s experience in managing cyber security risks during a pandemic. The results of the analysis showed that it is important to identify the peculiarities of emerging risks and their impact on the business environment. Also, it is necessary to assess the possibilities of integrated application of organisational and technical measures aimed at eliminating or minimising the emerging risks.
Disaster prepared: How federal funding in the USA supports health system and public health readiness
Authors: Schlegelmilch Jeff , Petkova Elisaveta , Redlener Irwin
Published: July 2024

Federal funding for health and medical preparedness in the USA has created an important foundation for preparing the health and medical systems to respond to a wide range of hazards. A declining trend in funding for these preparedness activities threatens to undo the progress that has been made over the last decade and reduce the state of readiness to respond to the health and medical impacts of disasters.
Information management approaches to digital asset management: A case study in success and failure
Authors: Schopflin Katharine
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the applicability of information management theories and techniques to digital asset management (DAM). Using a case study of a DAM implementation, it explores the successes and failures of the system in relation to the extent to which it utilised good information management practices. It concludes that, while some success was obtained, cultural reasons meant that the crucial principles of universal accessibility and consistency were not mandated and inefficient practices survived the adoption of DAM.
Regional airports in a competitive market: A case study of Cardiff International Airport
Authors: Davison Lisa , Ryley Tim , Snelgrove Mike
Published: July 2024

Political and market forces have increased the role of regional airports in the UK. This paper examines their spatial distribution and potential for competing and complementary activity between airport pairs, including between regional and London airports. Interviews with management personnel at Cardiff International Airport were used to explore the airport's commercial, marketing and strategic position. Analysis demonstrates how the boom in low-cost carriers has exploited demand for regional airports. Consequently, regional airports in the UK often compete in the same customer and airline markets; furthermore, they compete with London airports.
Mobile payment innovation in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Zambonini Paolo , Zafar Samee
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to present the reader with an overview of mobile payments trends in the Arabian Gulf. The paper is the result of a detailed Payments Innovation Survey conducted by Network International (NI), a diverse payments services provider based in the United Arab Emirates. The survey was one of the first of its kind to be undertaken in the Middle East, and this paper focuses on the major mobile payments innovation outcomes of the study, namely, Mobile Point of Sale (mPOS) and Contactless and Digital/Mobile Wallets, as well as detailing future trend makers.
Transforming Pittsburgh International Airport: Building an employee culture of innovation to fuel a dramatic turnaround in a post-hub era
Authors: Hoback Paul
Published: July 2024

Unfortunately, too many airports are afraid to take risks and change their stale, business-as-usual approach. Too often, airport leaders choose to err on the side of caution and simply maintain the status quo. It is safe, easy, and it damages employees’ morale. In just a few short years, Pittsburgh International Airport has become an organisation built on employee engagement, collaboration and innovation. This paper considers how this culture change put employees in the cockpit and Pittsburgh International Airport back on the radar as a leading origin and destination (O&D) airport. Among other things, the paper will discuss the following:

•Employee engagement and communication are critical to creating an innovative culture.
•How to generate ideas from all levels that are heard by leaders who can facilitate them.
•How to create a culture that encourages brainstorming where all ideas — even outlandish ones — are welcome.
•How to build high-performing teams across all levels and break down vertical organisational silos to encourage collaboration.
•How to accept that calculated risks should not be punished and that innovation victories be celebrated to create a lasting culture of innovation.
Understanding fire safety requirements for high rise buildings
Authors: Pargeter Adrian
Published: July 2024

The final report from the Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety1 (led by Dame Judith Hackitt) was published in May 2018, proposing radical changes to how the construction industry tackles the issue of fire safety in Higher Risk Residential Buildings (HRRBs). If the recommendations in the report are adopted by government, it will take a considerable amount of time, and a huge cultural shift to implement the full scope of what is proposed. In the meantime, there has been a specific focus from the media and other interested parties on which materials should be permitted in rainscreen cladding applications. This paper sets out the current requirements, what the issues are and how the Hackitt Review could revolutionise the way in which we build.
The new offensive cyber security: Strategically using asymmetrical tactics to promote information security
Authors: Ott Christopher
Published: July 2024

Since the very first hack, cyber security professionals have sought to take the fight back to the hackers. Offensive cyber security operations usually focus upon proactive technical attacks on hackers to disrupt their operations and deter future attacks, and there are currently efforts by governments to expand these capabilities. Cyber security professionals are locked in an unfair, asymmetrical conflict with hackers, but they need not confine their thinking to historical rules of engagement. This paper briefly traces the theories of asymmetrical warfare in the 21st century, including its cyber security dimensions, to explore how companies and cyber security decision makers can learn from the lessons of the past while changing the rules of the conflict in their favour.
How to become successfully ‘net zero’
Authors: Guitard Jean-François
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to show how important sustainable development is becoming for airports. The paper explores the current manner by which an airport needs to be much more virtuous, for example, by using the Airport Carbon Accreditation. But this carbon neutrality is only a first step that unfortunately many airports are not currently achieving. Airports must be more ambitious and reach the net zero level, which means carbon absorption and not offsetting. Many actions can be undertaken by airports in order to be compliant with social and environmental aspects that are key to the future. If airports do not cope with this trend, there is a major threat including one in the near future. In addition to reaching the net zero level, airports must be proactive in various fields in order to secure a better and a green future for airports. This can include measures for many stakeholders and better use of aircraft on land and airport accessibility.
The new normal of alumni volunteering
Authors: Southern Leah
Published: July 2024

Many aspects of society have been forever changed by the pandemic and alumni volunteering programmes are no different. The University of Manchester quickly responded to campus closures and moved events online, starting small and building up, including larger, more complex events along the journey. Utilising detailed feedback from student audiences and alumni volunteers, the formats of events were continually honed, successful online speed networking events and roundtables were trialled. Now that teaching has resumed on campus, it is essential to look at what that means for both the volunteers and student audiences and make sure a programme of events that keeps up with their needs is being offered. Offering a mix of online and in-person events will not be enough, activity must be moved to hybrid formats to remain resilient against future challenges and to make sure that these programmes are accessible to everyone. This paper outlines successes with online events and stewardship, which has become the new normal since the pandemic, and how it is intended to develop this in line with the new hybrid way of working.
Preparing to comply with the CSD Regulation
Authors: Belghazi Soraya
Published: July 2024

This paper looks at what is going to change with the soon-to-be-adopted European Regulation on Central Securities Depositories (CSDs), focusing on the adaptations that will be required of CSDs and market participants. Not only will CSDs face harmonised and sometimes stricter safety standards, but their clients also will be subject to new requirements, such as stringent penalties if they fail to deliver securities on time. Together with other public initiatives like TARGET2-securities, the CSD Regulation also will open the post-trade market to further competition, progressively replacing national specificities by common European standards.
An explorative study of salient usability attributes affecting m-commerce consumer behaviour in a Nordic context
Authors: Løber Lasse Baungård , Svendsen Simon
Published: July 2024

M-commerce, or mobile commerce, refers to smartphone shopping and plays an increasingly large role within e-commerce. Past research in the field of information systems (IS) success has primarily consisted of quantitative studies. Little research has been conducted in an m-commerce context. Furthermore, few qualitative works on the intersection of success factors from firms' perspective and m-commerce exist. In fact, there is a knowledge gap regarding how business practitioners can increase their website usability in an m-commerce setting. Based on the mapping of usability attributes by Kuan et al., which elaborates on DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model, this paper aims to identify the most important website usability attributes by generating new insights about mobile consumers' behaviour. This is obtained via a qualitative approach, using data about consumer behaviour on four Nordic m-commerce webshops within the baby products industry. Eight respondents completed a smartphone task while verbalising their thoughts. This data was supplemented with eye-tracking information. The theoretical model was operationalised via creating 19 codes corresponding to 19 usability attributes. As such, this paper took a deductive approach, coding the data in NVivo by tagging labels to categorical labels. Based on the number of references for each categorical label, three salient attributes were identified to increase m-commerce website usability: ‘ease of navigation’, ‘relevance’ and ‘effectiveness of product search and comparison’. The managerial implications include recommendations for these three attributes, including the use of categorisation and filtering systems, avoiding uncertainty and minimising the potential negative consequences related to the purchase intention and enabling on-page product and consumer product experience comparisons. While this study is based on a small data sample, and represents a minor exploration into a niche market, it nonetheless provides a starting point for business practitioners who have the goal of increasing usability in an m-commerce context.
The implications of legal entity identifiers on payments systems
Authors: Janssens Paul
Published: July 2024

The Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is a key component of the different market transparency regulations that emerged after the financial crisis. This paper demystifies the LEI and explores the background behind the creation and adoption of this new counterparty identifier. The development and implementation of LEI is a combined effort between the industry and the public authorities, which is probably a first ever. While the regulation currently focuses on the derivatives markets, the operational impacts on payments systems are not immediately significant, and there are still many unknowns. The paper highlights that the LEI is now a reality all around the globe and a new element that the financial industry will have to take into consideration going forward. In this new environment of greater regulation, organisations need to reconsider the silo-based approach and recognise the need for improved reference data that LEI can bring. Regulatory compliance can be a catalyst to improve reference data management by addressing these challenges at an enterprise level.
Tales from Cinderella Castle: Examining fandom and rivalry within Disney
Authors: Havard Cody T. , Wann Daniel L. , Grieve Frederick G. , Collins Brian
Published: July 2024

The current study investigated fandom and rivalry towards Disney’s and Universal’s theme parks. In particular, fans of Disney’s theme parks were asked to report their attitudes towards each brand, along with their perceptions and behaviours towards Universal’s theme parks. Results showed that participants reported higher attitudes towards Disney’s theme parks than towards Universal’s theme parks. Further, identification with Disney positively influenced attitudes towards Disney’s theme parks and more support for and likelihood of attending Universal’s theme parks. Identification with Disney, however, also led to more negative impressions of Universal’s fan behaviour and prestige, greater excitement when Disney compares favourably with Universal and a higher likelihood of celebrating a perceived failure by Universal. Finally, participants that reported being fans of both Disney and Universal were more positive with regard to rival perceptions and behaviours. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed, along with areas for future study.
The human variable: Designing a security strategy for a future in flux
Authors: Sorrentino Gary
Published: July 2024

The hybrid workforce is no longer a concept, it is a reality. But as employees embrace new working environments and flow in and out of the office, this hybrid approach poses a unique challenge for security leaders. This paper explores how organisations will need to create a security strategy rooted in the variability of the hybrid workforce — one that meets employees where they are and helps them learn the role they play in securing this new model. This strategy is rooted in three key principles: adopt a zero-trust approach, personalise data protection and bolster hands-on, robust training. Readers can expect to learn what it really takes to put this approach into practice — and what threats and roadblocks they should anticipate along the way.
Building organisational resilience through a designed-in security management approach
Authors: Trim Peter , Jones Nigel , Brear Kevin
Published: July 2024

The body of security knowledge can be defined as varied, wide-ranging and somewhat fragmented. There have been attempts to link aspects of corporate security with aspects of national security; however, the public–private sector issue and partnership development have not always been easily addressed or resolved. Arguably, the failing state body of knowledge is being approached from either an economic or political science perspective, and because of this, key threats facing individual organisations, such as insider crime, and emerging entrepreneurship and crime, are not always addressed appropriately. As such, senior management need to reduce their organisations’ vulnerability by reappraising their risk level and placing security within a more holistic context. By viewing security as a core value, it should be possible for managers to adopt a new approach to defining their risk management strategy and getting the various functions of the organisation to embrace security and intelligence activities. In order to be effective, security needs to be designed into the organisation’s structure and operating system. Where this is the case, a security culture is likely to emerge that provides both the organisation and partner organisations with a fresh vision for dealing with business continuity issues.
How Portuguese adolescents relate to influencers and brands on TikTok
Authors: Dias Patrícia , Duarte Alexandre
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the dynamics between influencers, brands and followers on TikTok, with a focus on the Portuguese context. The paper draws on data obtained from an online survey of 347 TikTok users and in-depth interviews with five Portuguese TikTok influencers. With respect to the survey, most of the respondents admitted to following influencers and being influenced by them, but only about half of the sample identified as content producers. The paper finds that TikTok influencers strive to benefit brands by providing visibility and trust, and in turn boosting sales, while being good role models to their followers, with whom they form a reciprocal parasocial relationship. For this reason, they endeavour to be transparent about their partnerships with brands.
An eco-tourism proposal for sustainable growth and livelihoods in a tribal area of India: A case study
Authors: Dash Ipsita
Published: July 2024

Our multifaceted cultural traditions are influenced by our diverse livelihoods, ethnicities, languages, localities and spiritual beliefs. Addressing cultural pluralism in architecture is a major challenge. This paper discusses the approaches taken by an eco-tourism business towards sustainable development, taking into account the business practices and the products of the Santali tribe in Kumari, Similipal (situated in the state of Odisha in India). With proper planning and a growth plan, eco-tourism can both be advantageous to the local economy and preserve the resource base. Local inhabitants in the Similipal tiger reserve buffer area can benefit economically from eco-tourism through conservation and sustainable development, as well as retain their resources: food, fuel and land tenure. This study provides a model for how researchers and professionals can develop a state-of-the-art eco-tourism development in a tribal area which benefits the local people.
Making web development and e-servicing investments pay off
Authors: Harmon Kristyn , Moriarty George
Published: July 2024

With the unstable economic environment of 2010, when investments really need to pay off, it is important to get the most out of online investments. In most financial firms there are two substantial costs: servicing customers through live channel support, as well as printing and mailing costs which can be staggering. Knowing how to make every online investment count will make you a hero with your executive teams, and will allow you to reinvest the proceeds of your investments in more creative online experiences that will scale your business and differentiate you from your competitors.
Is the build-up of TARGET2 balances a question of self-contained risk?
Authors: Ulbrich Jens , Lipponer Alexander
Published: July 2024

This paper argues that imbalances in the TARGET2 payment system are a symptom of the current financial crisis and not subject to self-contained risk. Any risk for the Eurosystem ultimately arises from liquidity provision and not from the redistribution of pre-existing liquidity. If the risk element is to be reduced, the extraordinary monetary policy measures of the Eurosystem will have to be addressed and reversed as soon as possible. Especially in a monetary union of sovereign member states it cannot be the task of an independent monetary policy to reallocate solvency risks among taxpayers across the currency area. Therefore, the role of the Eurosystem in tackling the current crisis should not be overstretched. At the end of the day, it is up to the member countries and not the central banks to resolve the crisis.
Aerodrome certification for small and emerging airports: Is it an issue?
Authors: Adams Peter
Published: July 2024

Safety in aviation activities has always been one of the overriding considerations of ICAO. Article 44 of the Chicago Convention charges ICAO with ensuring the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world. From a regulatory perspective, ICAO’s role is to provide procedures and guidance for the safe conduct of international aircraft operations and to foster the planning and development of air transport. This is largely achieved by developing standards and recommended practices (SARPs), which are contained in Annexes to the Chicago Convention and reflect the best operational experience of member states. As stated in ICAO Doc 9774 (Manual on Certification of Aerodromes) Chapter 3 Section B, the specifications in ICAO Annex 14, Vol. 1 Aerodrome Design and Operations, unless otherwise indicated in a particular context, apply to all aerodromes open to public use in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The responsibility to ensure safety and order at all aerodromes open to public use under their jurisdiction rests with states. Importantly, member states have the prerogative of determining the structure of civil aviation within their borders, including regulation. While the requirement for aerodrome certification may not be applied by a state to all aerodromes under its jurisdiction, aerodromes used for international operations should not be exempted from the requirement. To this end, states need to establish appropriate criteria and then ensure that the criteria are actually implemented. Some states, however, do not refer only to international operations and it is for this reason that all the specific regulatory criteria need to be well understood, particularly where a ‘trigger point’ for certification may be reached. This paper aims to highlight the significance of aerodrome certification, not just in terms of overall compliance, but also being mindful to take practicable approaches to managing risk effectively, particularly at small and emerging airports across the globe. In context, this paper defines ‘small’ and ‘emerging’ airports as those airports with around 1 million passengers per year or those with greater numbers but going through a period of significant exponential growth given their current economic positioning.
Reconsidering the airport business model
Authors: Everett Charles R.
Published: July 2024

Until deregulation in 1978, commercial airports in the United States enjoyed a status comparable to public utilities. Airlines charged rates established by the federal government on a cost recovery basis, and marketshare was the driver for airline business models. Today the airline business model is based on controlling costs to maximise profits. In the USA, unlike other countries, local governments own, control and operate airports. Yet increasingly airports serve as economic engines for the communities in which they are located. Competition for airlines, passengers and other customers, globalisation and technology make airports more like private businesses than government organisations. Although publicly owned, airports must become more commercially focused and profit-motivated in order to survive. This phenomenon is largely driven by the airlines’ shift in strategy from market share to profitability. In this environment, airports must be competitive, responsive to customer requirements, and provide added value. With fuel price volatility, shrinking air service and pressures on airport budgets, only the most business-savvy and agile airports will be sustainable in the future. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework that airport operators can apply to develop and enhance a business strategy for surviving and thriving in a changing environment. The airport business model developed at a small (non-hub) commercial service airport in Eastern Pennsylvania (LNAA approach) will illustrate the application of this framework.
Dilapidations in Scotland: A Scottish surveyor's perspective
Authors: Robertson Allan
Published: July 2024

Dilapidations work relates to the process of establishing liability for the carrying out of repairs or other works to a property under the obligations of a lease agreement. This paper deals with the practice of dilapidations work in Scotland in respect of commercial property. Dilapidations in Scotland is to a large extent no different than in the rest of the UK, but there are a few nuances that should be borne in mind. This paper touches on the legal principles surrounding dilapidations work in Scotland, including interpretation of the contract of lease, the transfer of common law obligations from one party to another, and the difference between ordinary and extraordinary repairs. It also looks at the role of the surveyor in dilapidations matters, and what that surveyor needs to do to carry out a dilapidations survey and prepare a schedule of dilapidations. It then looks at the various options open to tenants in fulfilling their various lease obligations, and how landlords can protect their valuable assets when tenants fail to honour those obligations. Throughout the paper there are references (and some limited commentary from a surveyor's perspective) to case law relevant to the subject, including some very recent, influential Scottish cases.
Swaps central clearing for asset managers: How clear is it?
Authors: Cameron Timothy , Nevins Matt
Published: July 2024

The Asset Management Group (AMG) of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) provides a summary of ten major concerns facing its asset manager members as they transition to mandatory central clearing for most interest rate swaps and credit index swaps on behalf of their clients. Concerns covered include documentation requirements, counterparty risk, treatment of collateral, margin requirements, changes in operational workflows, clearing certainty, allocation of trades, backloading and uncertainty of future global mandates.
Building a Blockchain foundation: Collaborating through standards for systems interoperability
Authors: Nuce Melanie
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the rise in Blockchain interest to solve a variety of challenges in the supply chain industry. It will first cover the opportunity for Blockchain to be a technological change agent for many companies who want to innovate to meet new consumer demands. Next, it will overview the critical elements of a successful Blockchain implementation, such as using global data standards to ensure systems interoperability and better quality and consistency of the data shared. Lastly, it will uncover more details on the specific, appropriate standards that support Blockchain deployment and support more efficient data sharing even without Blockchain applications.
A predictive model to determine the causes of safety stock requirements: An analytical approach to reduce working capital
Authors: Rahman Fazlur
Published: July 2024

Safety stock is an important component of a company’s total inventory. Safety stocks, cycle stocks and seasonal builds drive the overall inventory position of the business, which has a direct impact on its cash flow and financial statements. For any company, it is important to service customers at the right level without getting stock-outs and, at the same time, carry optimal levels of inventory. It is often hard to find the right balance between inventory cost, customer service level and operational efficiency, as these three integral components of the supply chain go hand-in-hand and are prioritised over each other based upon the needs of the business. To achieve the optimum balance of service and cost, there is a need for a predictive working model which determines the causes of safety stock requirements for the current state of any business. This paper discusses a predictive model which can be used for any time horizon and enables an organisation to focus on the right variables to reduce safety stock requirements, thereby reducing inventory levels while meeting customer service level targets.
Growing enrolment through partnerships
Authors: (Cindy) Gallatin Cynthia , Van Oss Vincent
Published: July 2024

Higher education marketing efforts are shifting dramatically to meet enrolment goals. Graduate school enrolment marketing has become much more challenging in recent years with explosive growth in programmes and increases in the costs to acquire students through various marketing channels. The marketing mix needs to include a variety of methods including digital and direct in-person marketing. Partnership marketing, in combination with other marketing tactics, can help reach enrolment goals and improve marketing efficacy. This paper highlights key strategies for developing a partnership programme at an institution. To start the process, different partnership models must be considered, and this paper provides recommendations for various options. Once a model is selected, an institution must consider developing the offering and the package they will present to prospective partners. After solidifying a partnership, it will be important to both maintain and build the relationship through various marketing and recruitment channels. It is important to think of the marketing staff and the recruitment staff as a team. The marketing efforts in support of recruitment goals need to be synergistic. To ensure that the team is successful, it will be important to track and measure campaigns. Prior to launching the partner programme, build a set of metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure success. The metrics utilised for these KPIs need to estimate the conversion rates as prospects move through the buyer’s journey to become students. There is a need to constantly evaluate and modify the approach to maintain a successful partnership programme. Be sure to work with the partners and team members to identify what the market is looking for from an organisation, and adapt to meet their needs. By continuously improving the model, partnership marketing could be an important channel for lead generation and ultimately new student enrolments.
Professional indemnity insurance for architects: Not so ‘professional’ after all?
Authors: Le Anthony
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an insight that opens up systemic flaws with regulatory bodies and a considerable blind spot in professional indemnity insurance. This is an eye-opening analysis of an industry that is closely tied to building surveyors, structural engineers, valuers, architects and — by extension — lawyers.
Exploring the potential of blockchain for KYC
Authors: Martens Dennis , Tuyll Van Serooskerken Alexander Van , Steenhagen Mart
Published: July 2024

Today, financial services firms face more new and impending regulation than ever before. One area where firms are especially struggling is implementing compliant and effective Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. Banks experience high onboarding costs of corporates, lack of standardisation across the industry, and a lot of manual effort is required for KYC. In addition, banks’ corporate customers have a far-from optimal user experience due to the long onboarding time and repetitive onboardings at multiple banks. Blockchain can address most of the prominent issues and revolutionise how banks address KYC. The new blockchain-enabled KYC utility model entails a network of banks that shares a distributed ledger with corporate client profiles. It replaces the current centralised KYC utility model, enhances data transparency, facilitates the auto-execution of KYC and other checks, increases efficiencies and ensures an enhanced customer experience. Blockchain can provide a solid solution to a number of challenges that KYC faces, but blockchain in itself comes with a number of challenges that need to be solved before it can be used in production on a large scale. Regulations, privacy concerns and market adoption are the important challenges at the moment. To progress with a blockchain-enabled KYC solution, it is advised to carefully address these challenges, apply the right implementation strategy, cooperate with different players within the financial industry, find inspiration and lessons learned from KYC and blockchain start-ups, and balance the long-term blockchain vision with more immediate solutions to KYC challenges.
Creating new flexibility at Bergen Airport
Authors: Andersen Eskild , Riddervold Maria
Published: July 2024

In 2009, an international competition was launched for an extension to Norway’s second largest airport, Bergen Airport. Nordic — Office of Architecture was invited to participate, but soon the team realised that the scope did not allow for a sustainable development in the long run. Team Nordic suggested a new approach, creating greater flexibility to develop a highly adaptable masterplan. This experience underscores the impact a masterplan has on airport efficacy, income potential and passenger experience, highlighting the intrinsic link between masterplan layout and the potential for a rational terminal building.
Geldmaat: An example of ATM pooling in the Netherlands
Authors: Kwakkel Erik , De Wolff Victor
Published: July 2024

Geldmaat was established by ABN AMRO, ING Bank and Rabobank in 2019. After three years of working together, the three banks retired their respective automated teller machines (ATMs) on 1st October, 2021, replacing them with a network of ATMs owned and operated by Geldmaat. By combining forces to create Geldmaat, the banks have ensured that cash will continue to be available and accessible over the coming years. Nevertheless, the future of the cash chain in the Netherlands remains a topic of much discussion. This paper explains the transition process, from the initial steps in the pooling process to the rollout itself, in addition to the services now offered by Geldmaat. It then goes on to discuss the future of the cash infrastructure in the Netherlands.
The dawn of next-generation payment infrastructure: The future of Zengin and financial services in Japan
Authors: Yanagawa Eiichiro
Published: July 2024

Countries and regions around the world are accelerating their efforts to evolve and advance financial market infrastructure. Against this backdrop, it is incumbent on Japan’s Zengin System to move beyond simply offering a 24/7 real-time payment infrastructure. Instead, through providing value-added services and connecting non-banks (payment service providers) and their diverse service offerings, the focus should be on evolving a next-generation payment system and fostering an arena for financial service innovation in nextgeneration financial services. This paper investigates the initiatives and challenges for upgrading financial market infrastructure in Japan; how the framework for Japan’s next-generation payment infrastructure has evolved; and how to tackle the future vision for financial services.
Digital assets in banking: A regulatory target operating model for payments
Authors: Wirthensohn Gino
Published: July 2024

Traditional banks are increasingly adopting blockchain use cases and digital assets to expand their product offering to open up new revenue streams and meet the demands of today’s customers. However, while engaging with digital assets can present incumbent financial institutions with many opportunities, the regulatory landscape is complex and there are various risks associated with compliance. As this paper will discuss, mitigating these risks and successfully operating a digital asset payment offering as a fully regulated bank requires a robust risk framework, streamlined and automated processes embedded into scalable RegTech solutions, as well as suitably trained staff.
The effectiveness of implementing unmanned aerial vehicles to survey buildings
Authors: Clarke Jordan
Published: July 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming an increasingly viable tool in conducting building surveys. They are becoming available off the shelf. However, the legislation litigating their use is failing to keep up with the technological developments. This paper focuses on how effective the technology is at identifying building defects in hard-to-reach locations, specifically, in contrast to traditional methods such as MEWPs and scaffolding. Previous reviews have been examined, analysing their reliability and credibility. An in-depth examination of the current legislation prohibiting the use of UAVs has been evaluated, considering their current and future implications for the surveyor. UAVs are certainly an effective tool for conducting surveys. However, this is not true for all cases. Existing legislation prevents the ‘aerial work’ being undertaken in cities and built-up areas. The paper argues that the Civil Aviation Authority must become more lenient to commercial operations in these areas if the industry is to grow.
The case for a ‘sovereign’ distributed securities depository for securities settlement
Authors: Everett Steve , Calitz André , Greyling Jean
Published: July 2024

Since the release of Satoshi Nakamoto’s breakthrough white paper in 2008, which preceded disruptive peer to peer value transmission through the Bitcoin network instead of by traditional means, many applications have been sought in financial services generally and more narrowly within capital markets for the Blockchain technology that underpins the Bitcoin network. To date, no capital markets infrastructure globally has implemented a commercially viable Blockchain or distributed ledger technology (DLT) solution. Blockchain technology is also experiencing a period of inflated expectations on a global scale from being a solution to curbing online piracy to replacing rational databases. Within the ambit of capital markets, the most ‘obvious’ of all the use cases, is in post-trade securities settlement. There are various use-case specific prototypes at custodians, investment banks, stock exchanges and central securities depositories (CSDs) alike. The utopic use-case being the ability for a buyer (investor) to transact directly with a seller on a ‘peer to peer’ basis and to have settlement occur in near-immediate time with a low transaction cost and records of the transaction immediately available to the issuer of the stock, even on a crossborder basis. Although public blockchains such as the Bitcoin Blockchain and Ethereum provide the closest match to this elementary example, both have limitations and have experienced cyber security attacks, which have cast doubt over their ability to house or operate notoriously risk-averse capital markets infrastructures. Most of these infrastructures, although largely aligned to international best practices, are designed specifically to suit country or regional specific operations and regulations. This paper will review the approaches, solutions and cryptographic techniques taken to settle securities on a DLT platform to date and why none of these approaches have as yet resulted in commercial use either by an unknown business outside of the capital markets in a disruptive manner or by the incumbents. The approaches and the technology aspects will be combined to develop a conceptual DLT ecosystem for securities settlement. This will be based on available literature that could realistically be applied to a capital markets infrastructure and deliver some of the promises of DLT, which will potentially enhance securities settlement for the purposes of commercial use.
Why is Spanglish more popular than Spanish and English among US Hispanics? A communication accommodation theory perspective
Authors: Beniflah Jake , Estacolchic Julia
Published: July 2024

The blend of Spanish and English found in Hispanic-densely populated cities across the USA is known as ‘Spanglish’. It represents one of the most, significantly understudied, contemporary linguistic phenomena in the country. Using communication accommodation theory, this multi-modal (qualitative and quantitative), multi-phase study aims to understand the role that Spanglish plays in the lives of US Hispanics aged 18–34 years. In Phase 1, a qualitative study (n = 40) uncovered that the use of Spanglish is in part driven by a number of sociolinguistic factors including linguistic competence, social identification and ethnic pride. In Phase 2, a quantitative study (n = 400) found that Spanglish is used more often than Spanish and English across a number of domains (eg home, social, work and school). These findings contradict the oversimplified view of generation Z Hispanics as monolingual speakers who tend to favour English over Spanish, and the long-held general notion that Spanish is the preferred language of Hispanics in the USA. Corporations should consider leveraging the intersectionality of Spanish and English when marketing to younger Hispanics and embrace the linguistic diversity that not only defines how this generation communicates, but how they view themselves. Implications for marketers and researchers are included in this paper.
UK/EU regulatory developments in payments, crypto-assets and buy-now-pay-later agreements
Authors: Savoie Max , Dowdall Martin , Manhambara Paida
Published: July 2024

This article examines key recent developments in payment services regulation in the UK and EU. In addition to proposals to reform traditional payment services legislation, it also considers proposals to regulate crypto-assets when used as a means of payment and proposals to regulate buy-now-paylater agreements, as these are increasingly offered by merchants as a means of payment. Both the UK and EU have proposed broader regulation of crypto-assets, but this article considers only those aspects of the proposals with the greatest relevance to payment services.
The future of airport infrastructure resilience
Authors: Gale Joseph , Der Westhuizen Dassie Persaud-Van
Published: July 2024

The threat of rising sea levels, flooding, freeze, extreme heat and changes in the intensity and frequency of severe weather poses substantial risks to critical airport assets and infrastructure. As the gateways to cities and countries around the world and engines of economic development, airports are the backbone for the movement of people and goods across the globe. This paper presents an actionable approach to building resiliency across the airport environment to climate change threats and geophysical hazards. The four-step methodology focuses on planning, designs and engineering, prioritisation of financial investments and ongoing industry research and development.