bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Plasma Zinc Status with Severity of Lesions in Patients with Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nawaz Shah , Tahir Maheen , Naqvi Syed Ahmed Saeed , Gul Chaman , Marwat Zahid Irfan , Naqvi Syed Abdul Basit , Fida Tamana
Published: November 2024

Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral that plays a critical role in maintaining overall skin health and functionality. Zn deficiency has been linked to various dermatological conditions, including acne, eczema, and delayed wound healing, highlighting the mineral’s indispensable role in promoting skin resilience and health. Some investigators have refuted these findings. Objective: was to determine plasma Zn level and Zn status in patients with Acne vulgaris (AV) belonging to Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and to find any possible relationship between Zn status & severity of the acne lesions. Methods: Hundred patients of either sex with untreated AV were randomly selected in a cross-sectional study. Based on the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) the acne lesions were categorized as mild, moderate & severe. Blood samples were taken for determination of serum Zn. The relationship of Zn status with severity of lesions was determined with Pearson Correlations coefficient (r). Results: The study included 42 males and 58 females with male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Mean age was 21.8 years. The average plasma zinc level across the cohort was 67.4 ± 12.6 µg/dL, with males showing slightly higher zinc levels (69.1 ± 11.8 µg/dL) than females (65.8 ± 13.2 µg/dL), though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.092). 22% had mild acne, 46% moderate acne and 32% had severe acne. Patients with severe acne had significantly lower plasma zinc levels (60.2 ± 10.4 µg/dL) compared to those with mild acne (73.1 ± 13.1 µg/dL) (p < 0.01). Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between plasma zinc status and acne severity (r = -0.43, p < 0.001), indicating that lower zinc levels were associated with more severe acne. No significant gender differences were observed in the relationship between zinc levels and acne severity. Conclusion: Pasma Zn concentration is markedly decreased in patients with AV and the more severe is the lesion, the more Hypozincemia. Hence, Plasma Zn status is associated negatively with severity of AV lesions in the studied population.
Sin Tax Strategies and Sustainable Health Financing: A Global Scenario
Authors: Ammal K Esakki
Published: November 2024

This study examines how sin taxes are levied on products considered to be detrimental to public health, such alcohol, tobacco, and sugary foods can support sustainable health finance on a worldwide scale. The study emphasizes the multiple advantages of sin taxes by analysing how well they work to lower consumption, raise money for health programs, and enhance public health outcomes. Successful implementations and the related health effects are demonstrated by case studies from a number of nations, including Australia, Mexico, United Kingdom, South Africa, Singapore, France and Norway. The study also discusses equity issues, pointing out that sin taxes are regressive and offering solutions to lessen their negative effects on low-income groups. In the end, the results highlight how crucial customized tax arrangements, public education initiatives, and stakeholder involvement are to optimizing the advantages of sin taxes. This study adds to the continuing discussion on creative approaches to health funding and how they could promote healthier populations throughout the globe.
Managing Downtime: Actionable Strategies for Productively Filling Slack Periods
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: November 2024

This article provides evidence-based strategies for capitalizing on slow work cycles rather than letting productivity suffer. Drawing on over 40 years of scholarly literature across multiple disciplines, the article outlines a framework for constructively navigating periods of lower workload. It advocates first adjusting one's mindset to view downtime positively as opportunity rather than negatively as a problem. Tactics are then presented for comprehensively inventorying available resources and strategically targeting them towards high-impact undertakings. The importance of systematically tracking progress is emphasized. Real-world case examples from marketing and manufacturing industries demonstrate impact. The article concludes by emphasizing how effectively addressing variability through temporary, targeted investments strengthens long-term organizational agility, performance and prosperity.
A Review on the Impact of Fly Ash on the Resistance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete to Acid and Sulfate Attacks
Authors: Hamad Asal M. , Issa Hussein M. , Salih Rodhan Abdullah , Keighobadi Jafar , Alias Azil Bahari , Hasan Raed A. , Saleh Noah Mohammed , Ali Mohammed Saleh Ali Mohammed , Hamada Hussein M. , Ghdhban Idan I.
Published: November 2024

A huge amount of fly ash (FA) was generated every year and dumped in landfills in large quantities and leading to environmental pollution issues. The use of FA in normal concrete and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can reduce pollution in both cases, namely, reduce the accumulation of FA as waste material in landfills and reduce the cement production that generates around 7% of total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study is a comprehensive review to find out the effect of FA on some durability properties of UHPC, namely acid and sulfate attacks. The results indicate that the use of FA has a positive effect on the increase in the resistance of UHPC samples against acid and sulfate attacks. It is recommended to use nano-FA in the treatment of corrosion and carbonation of UHPC.
From Text to Threat Detection: The Power of NLP in Cybersecurity
Authors: Mohammed Sahar Yousif , Aljanabi Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is increasingly vital in cybersecurity, enabling the analysis of unstructured data from digital communications to enhance threat detection. This paper is specifically concerned with the changes made by applying natural language processing in conjunction with the machine learning approach in order to demonstrate vulnerability detection. Surprisingly, yet again, an independent phishing detection model with high accuracy level a level of accuracy of 97% was also designed. 39 % with Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU), and the generated method for cyber threat intelligence records possesses more than 93 % of accuracy, precision, and recall. The findings show effectiveness in the integration of NLP with knowledge bases for further improvement of the meta search on data whereas, the advancement of greater models remains a challenge in the present time. To the extent of this research, this work Chen NLP and get information regarding its feasibility with present and new cybersecurity technologies.
Anderson Creek watershed: Water quality report for the 2023/24 wet season
Authors: Ross Peter , Scott Samantha , Noel Marie , Blancard Jenn
Published: November 2024

Water is essential for life, and steps are needed to understand, protect and restore its health in fish habitat throughout British Columbia. The Raincoast Healthy Waters program was launched in 2023 to establish community-oriented water pollution monitoring in select BC watersheds. Two Healthy Waters sampling events take place every year in each watershed – the first in the dry season (summer), and the second being in the wet season (winter). This report highlights results from the first wet (winter) season sampling carried out with the support and participation of the Pender Harbour Ocean Discovery Station (PODS). Briefly, the Healthy Waters team collected water samples on January 16, 2024, from five water categories, including source water (3 samples), river water (3 samples), road runoff (3 samples), tap water (10 samples) and marine water (3 samples). Samples were then pooled by water category and analysed for coliform, metals, nutrients and physical parameters at ALS Environmental, and analysed for pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and sucralose at SGS Axys Analytical and for 6PPD Quinone at DFO’s Institute of Ocean Science. Overall, the Anderson Creek watershed had relatively good water quality in the wet season, but additional sampling and analysis will provide further insight into contamination impacts from forest fires, domestic wastewater, industrial chemicals and road runoff on the health of this valued watershed.
METАLLАRNI KORROZIYADАN HIMOYALАSHDА ALIFATIK AMINONITRIL HOSILALARINI QO‘LLАSH
Authors:   Iqtisodiyot va pedagogika universiteti dotsenti, Qarshi, O‘zbekiston, Ataqulova Dilbar Dusmurodovna
Published: November 2024

Ushbu maqolada nordon tarkibli gazlarni tozalash qurilmalarida vodorod sulfidli yorilishli korroziyani oldini olish uchun muhim tadqiqotlar ko‘riladi. Korroziya jarayonlarini faollashtiruvchi omillarga qarshi kurashishda amin va nitril guruhlari o'z ichiga olgan organik birikmalarni sintezlash orqali olingan ingibitorlarning ta'siri o'rganiladi. Ushbu tadqiqotda, ingibitorlarning kimyoviy tarkibi, tuzilishi va ularning korroziya jarayonlarida qanday samarali himoya ta'sirini ko'rsatishi, zamonaviy fizik-tadqiqot usullari yordamida batafsil aniqlanadi.
Krishna Mishra’s Classical Sanskrit Drama “Prabodha Chandrodaya” Philosophical Resolution of Moral Barriers.
Authors: Nath Durjoy
Published: November 2024

This study shows the moral barriers inside our minds and the solutions to overcome these obstacles. I have tried to find out from this doubt Prabodha Chandrodaya, one of the dramas of Sanskrit literature. The purpose of this study is to provide a clear and coherent explanation of Advaita, an important branch of Indian philosophy, which the playwright of the play has kept behind. From this, we will present a picture of how we can overcome moral barriers and other effects of the mind that consume our cognition. I have highlighted this issue in the study through a comparative and qualitative discussion. From this we will try to understand how moral inhibitions affect our lives, how we lose the sense of good and evil of conscience, and how the Advaita philosophy hidden in the Prabodha Chandrodaya drama gives us a complete philosophical solution to find the guidelines of the mentioning problem. Ultimately, it can be said that the relevance of this research will influence future scholarly works and open the door to the theoretical discussions on philosophy present in Sanskrit literature.
Keywords: Sanskrit Literature, Classical, Moral Barriers, Advaita Philosophy, Indian Philosophy, Conscience
Strategies for Integrating Marginalized Communities into Supply Chains: Empowering Suppliers, Producers, and Distributors
Authors: Jemi Tamanna Rahman , Foysal Habib  , Md. Rashed Alam
Published: November 2024

Integrating marginalized communities into supply chains as suppliers, producers, and distributors is a vital step for ensuring inclusive economic growth and poverty elimination. This study investigates effective strategies that enable businesses and organizations to incorporate disadvantaged groups into both global and local supply chains. Drawing on case studies and qualitative data, the research identifies critical factors in successful integration, including capacity-building initiatives, access to affordable financing, fair trade practices, and the utilization of technology for streamlined operations and market connectivity. Findings reveal several barriers these communities face, such as societal mindsets, limited financial support, lack of skills, and logistical challenges, which can impede their participation in supply chains. To address these challenges, this study proposes actionable strategies to create sustainable, inclusive supply chain models, highlighting the role of consistent training, transparent communication, and impact-oriented partnerships. The research underscores the significant socioeconomic benefits of inclusive supply chains, offering valuable insights and models for stakeholders aiming to empower marginalized communities, improve social cohesion, and drive local development through equitable business practices.
Variation and correlation between the parameters of the bulbs of the Oriental hyacinth and the amount of precipitation
Authors: Okach Mariya Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2024

The area of the Oriental hyacinth is located in the Mediterranean dry subtropical climate zone, with dry summers and rainy winters. The Mediterranean region is characterized by an average monthly temperature of 20-25 °C in summer, 5-12 °C in winter, and an average rainfall of 400-600 mm per year. A long period of drought contributed to the formation of a special life form in the oriental hyacinth – bulbous geophyte. Despite growing in a warm subtropical climate, hyacinth belongs to cold-resistant ephemeroids, which allows it to undergo primary introduction in the temperate continental climate of the Republic of Mari El. The main method of reproduction of hyacinth, within its natural range, is vegetative division, with the formation of daughter bulbs. In natural habitat, the coefficient of vegetative reproduction is influenced by air temperature and precipitation during the active growing season. The purpose of the work was to identify the dependence of the productivity of the Oriental hyacinth on the amount of precipitation in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. Work on the identification of dependencies was carried out in the period 2012-2015 in the open ground of the botanical garden-Institute of the State Technical University of Yoshkar-Ola. During the work, biometric parameters such as the diameter and height of the bulb, as well as the number of bulbs in one nest, were taken into account. As a result of the work carried out, it was revealed that: the level of individual variability in bulb diameter in most varieties of oriental hyacinth is included in the norm of variation, this indicates the suitability of environmental factors of the region of introduction for this parameter; the number of daughter bulbs in the nest is characterized by a high level of variability and depends on environmental conditions; the reproduction coefficient of hyacinth varieties is strongly influenced such an environmental factor as the amount of precipitation during the growing season (66.7% – 73.7%). The identification of dependencies between the amount of precipitation and the productivity of vegetative reproduction, in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, will allow us to assess the effectiveness of the primary introduction of Oriental hyacinth. The obtained data can be used in the development of agricultural techniques for growing Oriental hyacinth in conditions of introduction.
Uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação durante a pandemia na atenção primária à saúde: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Xavier Pedro Bezerra , Silva Ísis de Siqueira , Martiniano Claudia Santos , Sousa Lucas Felix Silva de , Barbosa José Igor de Souza , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Figueiredo Renan Cabral de , Souza Ana Tereza Freire de , Araújo Aguinaldo José de , Uchôa Severina Alice da Costa
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A saúde digital está em expansão global, com diversos países adotando seu uso para aprimorar sistemas de saúde. A pandemia de COVID-19 acelerou o desenvolvimento de aplicativos e sistemas de monitoramento remoto. Objetivo: Buscar insights iniciais e uma compreensão preliminar sobre o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na atenção primária à saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em 2023. Utilizou-se o método de Estudo de Caso exploratório, na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município do Nordeste brasileiro, com uma amostra intencional de atores chave, sendo 2 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), 1 médico, 1 técnico de TI e 1 enfermeiro, que ocupava um cargo na gestão municipal de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas presenciais guiadas por instrumentos validados pela Técnica Delphi, transcritos e analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Observou-se divergência na percepção sobre a implantação de sistemas locais de saúde digital e variação na satisfação com a infraestrutura tecnológica conforme o entrevistado. A capacitação dos profissionais foi considerada inadequada, diante das necessidades de aplicação das tecnologias. A exclusão e baixa literacia digital entre a população, a partir da perspectiva dos profissionais, apontaram para o aumento de iniquidades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde. Conclusão: A metodologia se mostrou pertinente à compreensão do fenômeno digital. Destacam-se as análises sobre infraestrutura, tecnologia e necessidades de investimento, capacitação dos profissionais, satisfação dos usuários como desafio significativo para a adoção das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, garantindo soluções digitais inclusivas e acessíveis.
O papel das redes socias na gestão e contrução de uma marca
Authors: Tavares Bárbara Vilanova , Ricioli Gabriella Regina Ramos , Oliveira João Paulo
Published: November 2024

No cenário contemporâneo, as redes sociais emergiram como plataformas vitais para a interação humana, ultrapassando as fronteiras do simples entretenimento para se estabelecerem como ferramentas essenciais no mundo dos negócios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a eficácia das redes sociais na construção e gestão de marcas, investigando como as estratégias implementadas nessas plataformas influenciam a percepção da marca pelos consumidores e o impacto nos resultados comerciais das empresas. A pesquisa foi conduzida através de uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente, abordando conceitos chave e destacando práticas bem-sucedidas e desafios enfrentados pelas empresas no uso das redes sociais. Os principais resultados indicam que, quando utilizadas estrategicamente, as redes sociais podem fortalecer significativamente a imagem de uma marca e aumentar a lealdade dos clientes, embora apresentem desafios relacionados à gestão das interações públicas e à medição do retorno sobre investimento. Este estudo contribui tanto para o campo acadêmico quanto para a prática profissional, oferecendo insights valiosos para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de marketing digital eficazes.
Dental Management of a Child with Hunter’s Syndrome and Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Authors: Suresh Pavithra , Devaraj Karthika
Published: November 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II, or Hunter’s syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder with a defect in Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism resulting in a deficiency of the enzyme Iduronate sulfatase. Hydrocephalus (HC) is a condition in which the volume of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles is abnormally elevated. HC patients may show macrocephaly and delayed development. A Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the most commonly used treatment option. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a nine-year-old male child diagnosed with Hunter’s syndrome and HC. The manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the dental management strategies involving a team of specialists, including a paediatric dentist and a paediatrician. Key interventions included emphasising assessment of oral health issues related to the syndrome and condition, modification of treatment plans like implementation of a tailored oral hygiene regimen and fluoride treatments, use of sedative techniques to manage anxiety and facilitate thorough dental work, regular follow-up appointments to monitor oral health and accommodate the child’s physical and developmental needs, preventive care, modified treatment techniques, and close monitoring of systemic health. Effective dental management of patients with HC and Hunter’s Syndrome requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Tailoring dental care to accommodate the unique needs of these patients can lead to successful outcomes and improved quality of life. This case underscores the importance of collaboration between dental and medical professionals in managing complex cases.
Effect of Sucrose, Salicylic Acid (SA), Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA), Silver Nano and Ajwain E.O on Vase Life of Single Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
Authors: Anjali Kumari , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Devendra , Singh Niranjan , Kumar Hitesh
Published: November 2024

Tuberose is a highly valued flower known for its vibrant colors, elegance, and captivating fragrance. It is prominent in floral arrangements, both as a cut flower and in the perfume industry. Despite its visual appeal, tuberose flowers have a relatively short shelf life. To address this, researchers have explored various chemical treatments to enhance the longevity and quality of cut tuberose. An experiment was conducted at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, during the 2023-24 period. The study, which followed a completely randomized design with sixteen treatments and three replications, aimed to determine the effects of different chemical solutions on the vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). The results demonstrated significant differences among the treatments in various parameters, including changes in fresh weight, percentage change in spike length, longevity of the five basal florets (in days), vase solution uptake (in ml), vase life (in days), time taken for the first five florets to open, individual floret longevity, period of prime beauty, time taken for full spike opening, time for the first floret to fade, and time for the entire spike to fade. Among the treatments, the solution containing salicylic acid and sucrose proved to be the most effective in extending vase life. The combination of 2.5% sucrose, 50 ppm salicylic acid, and 150 ppm silver nanoparticles (T12) achieved  the highest longevity for the five basal florets, lasting 4.75 days. Additionally, the treatment with 2.5% sucrose and 150 ppm silver nanoparticles (T8) resulted in 100% of florets opening. The longest vase life of 9.83 days was observed with the combination of 2.5% sucrose, 50 ppm salicylic acid, and 150 ppm silver nanoparticles (T12). This study underscores the effectiveness of specific chemical treatments in significantly improving the vase life and overall quality of cut tuberose flowers.
Animal Protection in Brazil: Legislative and the Society Evolvement in the Last Century
Authors: Lisbôa Letycia Almeida , Arruda Maria Carla Santana de , Mariz Jobisson Lira , Paiva Wanessa Ingrid de Albuquerque , Soares Anisio Francisco , Reis Alline de Paula
Published: November 2024

The aim of this review was to analyze Brazilian animal protection policy throughout history and discuss the importance of some recent events and societal developments in its modernisation. A search for the complete legislation and scientific works was performed on the government’s website and search platforms (Google scholar, Science direct and CAPES). It was observed that the first Brazilian law on animal protection was published in 1924. After this, several amendments were incorporated. The current Brazilian Constitution, published in 1988, was a landmark in the modernisation of animal protection in the country as it allowed the recognition of sentience and thus characterised cruelty and mistreatment of animals as crimes. At the same time, society has evolved, increasing the proximity with animals until the recent development of the concept of the multi-species family positioning animals as family members. Recent reports have shown that animal abuse and cruelty can still occur and the application of the animal protection policy is allowing pursuits and condemnation of offenders. Brazil is a young country but its policy on animal protection and its society greatly evolved in the last century. This progress is still ongoing as the society is taking an active role to push improvements on public policies and surveillance towards animal mistreatments. However, it would be advisable to include the real needs of animals in the reflections in order to avoid making decisions that are erroneously harmful to animals.
This work was a collaboration between the post-graduation program of the Veterinary school of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – Brazil and The National school of veterinary of Alfort - France, from January to August 2024.
Microscopic Modeling Techniques for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Jia Wenlei
Published: November 2024

This article reviews micro-modeling methods for steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC), including finite element, discrete element, and computational fluid dynamics approaches, to analyze its mechanical and structural behavior. The models offer predictive insights on stress response, crack propagation, and durability in SFRC, particularly in high-stress structural applications. This study discusses the limitations of current modeling practices, such as high computational demand and parameter determination challenges, and suggests future improvements to enhance simulation accuracy and scalability. This review aims to support the advancement of SFRC in structural engineering applications.
Family Psychological Distress among OFW Parents and their Children in the Middle East: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Magantor Jamal
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study aims to examine the psychological impact of family separation on Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and their children, with a focus on emotional distress, coping strategies, and the long-term effects of prolonged separation on family dynamics.
Sample: The study involved 50 OFW parents residing in Dubai and 50 of their children aged 8-18 living in the Philippines, providing a dual perspective on the experiences of both parents and children.
Study Design: A mixed-methods research design was utilized, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to offer a comprehensive understanding of the psychological impacts of family separation.
Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected between January and August 2024, with participants recruited through community organizations supporting OFWs in Dubai.
Methodology: Quantitative data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Semi-structured interviews provided qualitative insights into emotional experiences, coping mechanisms, and the challenges    of reintegration. Statistical analyses explored correlations between separation duration, communication frequency, and psychological distress.
Results: Quantitative findings from the ANOVA revealed that OFW parents had a significantly higher mean depression score (16.3, SD = 5.4) compared to their children (14.4, SD = 4.2), F (1, 98) = 4.21, p < 0.05. Anxiety levels were similarly elevated in both parents (18.1, SD = 6.2) and children (18.6, SD = 5.7), with no significant difference, F (1, 98) = 0.12, p > 0.05. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the length of separation (average 3.5 years) and psychological distress. Frequent communication was associated with lower anxiety levels (p < 0.01). Qualitative analysis identified seven key themes: emotional burden of separation, coping strategies, impact on family dynamics, reintegration challenges, mental health and well-being, support systems, and emotional regulation. Parents expressed regret over missing family milestones, while children reported feelings of abandonment. Some families, however, demonstrated resilience through strong communication practices and emotional regulation skills.
Conclusion: The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive mental health interventions that address the psychological challenges experienced by OFW families. Emotional support systems, in addition to financial assistance, are essential to mitigating the emotional toll of prolonged separation and fostering healthier family dynamics.
Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Nirea Abadi Gidey , Teka Kassa
Published: November 2024

In the highlands of northern Ethiopia, many land use and land cover changes (LULCC) have occurred during different activities of the populations. Despite its coverage and unwise use of natural resources, these land uses and land covers are facing increasing or decreasing their area coverage. Information derived from land use and land cover change detection is important to land conservation, sustainable development, and management of Natural resources. This purpose of this study is therefore concerned with identifying the change in land use and land cover detection of the Wejic watershed. To identify land cover changes detection; remote sensing data, satellite imagery and image processing techniques had done within two dates of 1998 and 2017 using Land sat TM 30 m resolution images using Arc GIS 10.1. Hence, a field survey was carried out in 2017 to identify the major land cover types in the watershed. Detection Analysis of land use and land cover dynamics were calculated from the selected watershed in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. These land use types were cultivated, forest, bush, shrub, and homestead lands. Furthermore, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was developed for both years. The land use and land cover change results indicated that forest, cultivated land, and bush land decreased by 4.4%, 2.2%, and 2.4%, respectively. However, shrub land and homestead increased by 5.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Therefore The change detection analysis using GIS and remote sensing could deliver useful information to understand the seasonal patterns of land use dynamics for planners and decision makers; consequently, sustainable land management planning is possible.
Effect of Supplementation of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on Growth Performance of Broiler in Konkan Region, India
Authors: Patil V. V. , Mayekar A. J. , Sawant D. D. , Prasade N. N. , Ramod S. S. , Bansode P. B. , Sarangkar A. S. , Shirsat S.
Published: November 2024

The experimental trial of six weeks was conducted on 200 broiler chicks. They were randomly distributed into five experimental treatment groups. Each treatment group was replicated into four with 10 birds per replication. The control (T1) group was fed standard ration and T2, T3, T4 and T5 group were provided same standard ration supplemented with 1.00 g, 2.00 g, 3.00 g and 4.00 g spirulina powder, respectively. The result of experimental trial showed that supplementation of spirulina powder was significantly highest live body weight in treatment T5 (1944.50 g/bird) as well as average live body weight gain (277.79 g/bird). It is concluded that, 4.00 g of spirulina powder significantly improved growth performance of broiler chicks than other treatments groups.
Potential Production of Mycotoxins by the Fungal Flora Isolated from "Garba" (Côte D'ivoire)
Authors: Thérèse Anoman Adjo , Cyrille Toulé Aubin , Ghislaine Dan Chepo , Marina Koussemon
Published: November 2024

Garba, an Ivorian dish composed of attiéké (a fermented cassava couscous), fried tuna, and condiments, is increasingly consumed by the population, particularly in the streets of Abidjan. However, garba could pose a health risk to consumers. This study, aimed at preserving public health, sought to identify the toxigenic fungal flora present in garba sold on the streets of Abidjan. To this end, 300 garba samples were collected from four districts of Abidjan. Fungal strains contaminating the garba were enumerated and identified using classical mycological methods. Mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxins) were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that the average mold counts ranged from 0 to 1.8 x 10^3 CFU/g. The isolated mold strains belonged to ten species grouped into four genera: Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium and Paecilomyces, with Mucor spp. (36.89%) and Aspergillus niger (30.09%) being the most predominant. The mycotoxins detected in garba were aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and ochratoxin A, with average levels ranging from 0.42 to 8.07 µg/kg. Approximately 37% and 23% of garba samples had total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 levels exceeding regulatory limits.
The presence of potentially mycotoxigenic fungal strains in garba could pose a health risk to consumers. Compliance with good hygiene practices during the production and sale of garba will therefore be necessary to considerably reduce contamination and protect consumer health.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hand Sanitizers Based on Plants Producing Essential Oil
Authors: Sarraf Sheetal , Panda Subhranshu , Parveen Sadia , Panda Simachal , Swaraj Subhra
Published: November 2024

Hand hygiene is important because it can easily be transmitted through direct contact with microbial spores produced during coughing and sneezing. It is important to prevent the spread of the disease, especially in cases such as epidemics, through the use of antibiotics. This can be achieved by establishing and maintaining strict infection control equipment such as good hygiene in hospitals and public places. The aim of this study is to prepare an alcohol-based sanitizer against bacterial infections. After the test, the pH value of the disinfectant is between 6.65 and 6.67. The viscosity of the antiseptic is between 389 cps to 835. The spread ability was good and found in range between 6.55 to 7.18 g-cm/sec. The drug content of Eucalyptus Oil in formulations was found to be 93% in F1 and 97.5% in F2. In-vitro drug release study was found to be 56.2% in F1 and 60.6% in F2, and the stability of the preparation remained stable after 3 months of storage. All these studies showed that the F2 formulation is the best as it has better pH, viscosity, spreading ability and safety.
A review on Biofortification of Crops: A Nutritional Strategy for Combating Malnutrition
Authors: Paul Mouli , Thriveni Vangapandu , Niharika M. , Upadhyay D. K. , Kiro Deepika , Verma Anjali , Patil Soumya
Published: November 2024

Biofortification is an innovative agricultural approach aimed at reducing global micronutrient deficiencies, often referred to as "hidden hunger," by enhancing the nutritional quality of staple crops through breeding, genetic engineering, and agronomic practices. This strategy targets essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and provitamin A, particularly in regions where diets are predominantly based on nutrient-poor staple foods. Biofortified crops, such as vitamin A-enriched sweet potatoes and iron-rich beans, have demonstrated significant improvements in nutrient intake and health outcomes, including reduced anemia and enhanced child growth. Despite its promise, the adoption and widespread implementation of biofortified crops face multiple challenges, including technical constraints in breeding for nutrient stability and bioavailability, regulatory barriers for genetically modified varieties, and socio-cultural resistance due to consumer preferences and lack of awareness. Moreover, environmental factors, such as soil nutrient content and agro-ecosystem dynamics, can influence the success and sustainability of biofortification. Addressing these issues requires advancing research in nutrient bioavailability, developing more resilient crop varieties, and incorporating biofortification into broader food and nutrition policies. Scaling up biofortified crops will depend on effective community engagement, public-private partnerships, and integration into existing agricultural extension systems. Successful examples, such as the widespread adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlight the potential of biofortification to improve nutritional security and livelihoods when supported by targeted advocacy and policy initiatives. Thus, while challenges persist, biofortification remains a valuable, cost-effective solution to addressing micronutrient malnutrition and improving global food security, especially when implemented in tandem with other nutrition and health interventions.
Identification and Molecular Analysis of Proteins Associated with Non-spinning Disease in the Silkworm Bombyx mori L Induced by BmNPV and BmDNV
Authors: R Sindhu , G Sahana , E Bhuvaneswari , G Mallikarjuna , L Satish , SM Moorthy , S Gandhi Doss
Published: November 2024

Aims: The present study combines morphological and molecular biology investigations to uncover the underlying causes of the non-spinning syndrome in silkworms. To understand the molecular mechanism and immune mechanism after infection of viral pathogen in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Study Design: Infected silkworm samples were collected from the field and isolated the genomic DNA and total proteins. Analyzed the samples by using genomic tools and proteomic tools.
Place and Duration of Study: Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka. 01.03.2023 to 31.07.2023 total 04 months.
Methodology: Our findings indicate that infections of BmDNV and BmNPV are associated with abnormal growth of the silk gland, leading to the non-spinning phenotype. To confirm pathogen infection in non-spinning silkworms, we collected genomic DNA and conducted PCR analysis using specific primers for DNV and NPV.
Results: Our results showed amplification of both viral infections in the isolated samples. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed differential regulation of several proteins involved in physiological and immunological processes in the hemolymph of non-spinning silkworms. MALDI-TOF/MS was used to identify an up-regulated protein of interest, which was found to be a Lepidopteran low molecular weight lipoprotein. This protein is known to play an important role in insect immune mechanisms.
Conclusion: Major disease-causing agents such as BmDNV and BmNPV infections and investigate their impact on protein expression patterns in the hemolymph, shedding light on the factors contributing to non-spinning behavior in silkworms.
District Level Crop Weather Calendars and Advisories for Kharif Rice in Odisha, India
Authors: Khatua Rajashree , Nanda A. , Mohapatra A. K. B. , Mahapatra A. , Guhan V. , Praveenkumar P.
Published: November 2024

The crop weather calendar is a visual depiction of key facts about crop growth phases, typical crop water requirements, and alerts that should be sent out in response to weather that is conducive to the spread of pests and diseases. Farmers and other stakeholders may successfully plan crops, schedule irrigation, and take plant protection measures by using these calendars, which are practical and helpful tools for farmers. The crop weather calendars are prepared in different languages for better understanding to farmers and explain the usage importance and plan farm operation and activities by taking decisions as per the prevalent crop weather conditions in fields. It plays a vital role for important crops and various varieties through research & development-based process at village/ panchayat level. It also helpful for improving the quality of medium range weather forecast based on Agro-Advisory Services (AAS). The AAS provides strategies based on weather for crop and livestock management to increase production and food security. The AAS has been useful to advise farmers regarding farm operations to manage the inclement weather for effective crop production in the changing environment. The Research was carried out on the studies of crop weather calendar on Rice crop in different districts of Odisha by All India co-ordinated research project on Agrometeorology, Bhubaneswar centre with the support of Agro Meteorological Field Unit (AMFU). It has been prepared with an objective to study climate normal of past 30 years from (1993-2023). Climatic data of Rice crop in Kharif season has been taken 25th SMW to 42nd SMW for medium duration (125 days) and 26th to 49th SMW for long duration (150 days) Rice crop in both English and Odia (local) languages for the coastal districts i.e (Khordha, Puri, Kendrapada and Jagatsinghpur) of Odisha. From the crop weather calendar the medium duration of rice crop, it was found that for sowing to seeding the mean temperature is 290C, before the transplanting and the water requirement of 670-690 mm is found congenial for better yield of the crop. The growth of the crops severely affected where the temperature falls below 200C, for high yielding of Rice crop during the kharif season the favourable weather conditions are Tmax: 300C, Tmin: 260C, Rainfall: 78 mm to 110 mm during the 29th to 30th week with RH 87%. For the pest likes stem borer and leaf folder the congenial weather conditions are Temperature :20 to 300C, RH:87%, Wind speed (Km/h) <5 and Rainfall: 00-30 mm. Similarly for Blast and BLB diseases, the favourable conditions during the 28th-31st week to 48th week, when the temperature range 20-300C, RH=> 90 %, Wind speed < 5 (Km/h) RH:30-50%. It has been found that the severity of pest and diseases increases with decreases in temperature and High RH and very low rainfall.
Optimization of Briquetting Process Parameters for Rice Straw Biofuels
Authors: Meena Lokesh Kumar , Singh Renu , Chandel Anik , Saini Sohan Singh , Gocher Krishnavatar
Published: November 2024

The optimization of briquetting process parameters for producing biofuels from rice straw, a widely available agricultural waste. By systematically varying key parameters such as pressure, temperature, and moisture content, we aimed to enhance the physical and thermal properties of the briquettes. Through experimental design and statistical analysis, we identified optimal conditions to maximize briquette density and calorific value while minimizing ash content. The findings show that optimized briquetting greatly enhances the efficiency and potential of rice straw as a renewable energy source, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels. This research contributes to advancing biofuel production technologies and promoting the utilization of agricultural waste for energy generation. Briquetting technology has great potential to transform waste biomass in affordable, effective and environmentally safe, high-quality solid fuel for households and industry use. This study focuses on optimizing the briquetting process for rice straw to enhance its quality as a biofuel. Key parameters, including compaction pressure, moisture content, binding agent type, and particle size, were systematically varied to improve density, durability, hardness, calorific value, and reduce ash content. Results indicate significant improvements in briquette performance, with calorific values increasing to 17.5 MJ/kg and ash content reducing to 4%. Optimized briquettes offer enhanced mechanical strength and combustion efficiency, positioning rice straw briquettes as a viable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels, contributing to sustainable energy and agricultural residue management.
Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles synthesized Using the Leaf Extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Eucalyptus globulus, Psidium guajava, and Azadirachta indica
Authors: Sahu S. , Magar S.J. , Jena M. K. , Hakeem H. , Padhi A.
Published: November 2024

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is a sustainable, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-efficient approach. In this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using the mehandi Lawsonia inermis, nilgiri Eucalyptus globulus, guava Psidium guajava, or neem Azadirachta indica leaf extracts and 1mM CuSO4.5H2O salt solution in a ratio of 1:3 at 800C temperature and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. All the CuNPs showed colour change with characteristic surface plasmon resonance bands. The plasmon resonance bands of L. inermis, P. guajava, and A. indica CuNPs peaked at 300nm while those of E. globulus CuNPs peaked at 400nm. The CuNPs synthesized from L. inermis, E. globulus, and P. guajava leaf extracts exhibited brown colour while those synthesized from A. indica leaf extracts showed green colour. Eleven bands were present in L. inermis and A. indica CuNPs in the range of 538.61-3649.06cm-1 and 3867.26-519.02cm-1, respectively, while ten were in the E. globulus and P. guajava CuNPs in the range of 407.25-3326.78cm-1 and 3325.93-407.07cm-1, respectively. The L. inermis, E. globulus, and A. indica CuNPs were spherical, except P. guajava CuNPs which were flaky in shape. The particle size of L. inermis CuNPs was found in the range of 8.20 to 15.94nm; E. globulus CuNPs in the range of 7.52 to 67.47nm; P. guajava CuNPs in the range of 18.90 to 73.80nm and A. indica CuNPs in the range of 9.86 to 22.05nm.
Assessing the Influence of Biostimulants on the Growth and Crop Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Thapa U. , Hansda N. N. , Kundu S. , Tamang Dupchen
Published: November 2024

This study, carried out at "C" Block Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, during the 2022–23 period, to find out the impact of biostimulants on the growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The primary goals include examining the significant effects of biostimulants and determining the optimal dosage of the biostimulant, aligning with the growing emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices. The farm, situated near the Tropic of Cancer, exhibits coordinates of approximately 22.89°N latitude and 88.45°E longitude, with an altitude of around 9.75 m above sea level. The experimental design utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and five treatments. Results highlight that the growth and yield parameters of Okra were notably influenced by the foliar application of modulin. Specifically, applying 2.5 kg ha-1 of Modulin spray at 25 & 40 days after sowing (DAS) along with 100% NPK demonstrated to be economically rewarding and advantageous for achieving a higher yield of Okra."