bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business Model Enriched With User Experience, as a Systemic Tool in Service Design
Authors:   Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Croatia and VERN University, Croatia, Musulin Jadranka , Strahonja Vjeran ,   Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Published: December 2021

Service design and business model design are considered in the literature as separate approaches to value creation for the customer. User experience, as a concept that represents a holistic emotional and meaningful result of the interaction with information technologies, is nowadays an important ingredient of the customer value. This paper aims to theoretically set the ground for using the business model concept as a systemic tool in service design that will support the design for user experience. Against this background, we ask: Can the business model concept successfully represent a system that is required for the value proposition-based service exchange? We investigate this question based on service-dominant logic and accompanying service science, and semantically compare elements of the service system, service ecosystem, and ten service science basic concepts. The analysis shows that the business model canvas, the chosen model for business model representation, satisfies the systemic perspective and can erve as a system platform for integrating with service design.
Sex Differences in BNST and Amygdala Activation by Contextual, Cued, and Unpredictable Threats
Authors: Urien Louise , Bauer Elizabeth P.
Published: December 2021

Fear and anxiety can be described as emotional and physical responses to predictable and unpredictable threats. While the amygdala is necessary for context and cued fear conditioning, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is important for anxiety-like behavior and conditioned responses to diffuse and/or unpredictable threats. However, we still lack knowledge about how the BNST and amygdala nuclei act in coordination. Moreover, the incidence of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is substantially higher in women than in men, but most studies of fear conditioning are conducted in male rodents. Here, we asked whether the BNST and the lateral, basal, and central nuclei of the amygdala are active during the expression of fear conditioning in male and female rats using FOS immunohistochemistry. We first show that the BNST is indeed involved in context fear expression in males, but not in females. The lateral amygdala was active in both sexes during context fear expression. We next trained animals using tone cues paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US), or tone cues which were unpaired with the US, and thus nonpredictive. Females displayed greater fear expression to these unpaired tones than males. FOS was upregulated in both the BNST and the basal amygdala during fear expression to unpaired tones in both sexes. The differential processing of fear responses by males and females highlights the need to acknowledge sex differences in conditioned fear memory.
Modal testing and modelling the dynamic characteristics of a plate with bolted joints
Authors: A.R. Bahari  , Yunus M. A. , M.N. Abdul Rani  , A.A. Prakasam
Published: December 2021

Modelling the dynamic characteristics of the bolted joints in a complex assembled structure with a high accuracy is very challenging due to the assumptions and uncertainties in the input data of the FE model. In this paper, the identification of the dynamic characteristics of the bolted joints structure using the CBUSH element connector is proposed. Modal testing and normal modes analysis are conducted on a thin plate assembled structure with bolted joints. In the simulation work, the CBUSH element connector is employed and the stiffness coefficient for six degrees of freedom is computed based on four flexibility formulae. The predicted natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are compared against the results of the experimental work. A good agreement of the FE model is achieved by using the coefficient of stiffness as represented in the Swift flexibility formula. The study justifies that the dynamic characteristics of the bolt joints could be accurately modelled by using the CBUSH element connector. The obtained findings provided an alternative approach to modelling the dynamic characteristics of a thin plate assembled structure with bolted joints.
The study of redistribution in residual stresses during fatigue crack growth
Authors: Noghabi Mohammad , I. Sattari-far  , H. Hosseini Toudeshky
Published: December 2021

Numerical and experimental study was conducted on fatigue crack growth (FCG) of metallic components to investigate the redistribution of mechanical residual stresses during FCG. To this end, the compact tension specimens of an aluminium alloy were used. In addition, mechanical residual stresses were introduced near the crack tip by applying compressive and tensile loads, followed by visually observing the side-surface of the specimens to estimate the crack growth length. In the numerical simulation, cyclic J-integral was used as the crack growth fracture parameter and a good agreement was observed between the numerical and experimental results. The results of the finite element method demonstrated a clear redistribution of mechanical residual stresses during FCG. After a few cycles, the residual stress field around the crack tip reached a lower magnitude value confined in a smaller zone, although this zone was stable during the remaining fatigue process. Finally, present study evaluated the effect of stress ratio, load amplitude, and initial residual stresses level on the redistribution of residual stresses. It was observed that the residual stresses are mainly released during the first steps of fatigue loading.
Investigation of microstructure and mechanical characteristic of underwater friction stir welding for Aluminum 6061 alloy – Silicon carbide (SiC) metal matrix composite
Authors: Sabry Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

Demand for metal matrix composites (MMCs) is expected to increase in these applications, such as ‎in the aerospace and automotive sectors.  Adequate joining techniques, which are important for ‎structural materials, have not yet been developed for Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs), however.  ‎This work aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of ‎friction stir welding (FSW) and ‎underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) for joining Al 6061/5, Al 6061/10, and Al ‎‎6061/18 wt. %SiC composites have been produced by utilizing reinforce stir casting technique. Two ‎rotational ‎speeds,1000and 1800 rpm, and traverse speed 10mm \ min were examined. Specimen ‎composite plates 10 mm thick have been successfully welded by FSW. For FSW and UFSW, a tool ‎made of high-speed steel (HSS) with a conical pin shape was used. The result revealed that the ‎ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint by FSW and UFSW at rotation speed 1800 rpm for (Al ‎‎6061/18 wt. ‎‎% SiC composites) was 195 MPa and 230 MPa respectively. The ultimate ‎tensile ‎strength of the welded joint by FSW  and UFSW (Al 6061/18 wt.% SiCe composites) was 165 MPa ‎and 180 MPa at rotation speed ‎‎1000 rpm respectively. The microstructural assessment showed that due ‎to larger grain sizes at FSW and UFSW, most of the fractures are located in the thermal ‎mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) adjacent to the weld nugget zone (WNZ). It is observed that in ‎failure, most of the joints show ductile features. As the volume fraction of SiC (18 wt.%) increases, ‎the friction stir welded and underwater friction stir welded efficiency decreases.
Audience and Revenue Concentration in Lithuanian Media Markets (2008–2019)
Authors: Jastramskis Deimantas , Plepytė-Davidavičienė Giedrė
Published: December 2021

The article examines the change in audience and revenue concentration in the Lithuanian television, radio, internet, and newspaper markets in 2008–2019, as well as discusses the factors that determined the changes in media concentration and market structure. The study revealed that without any special measures to regulate media concentration in Lithuania, all four media revenue markets (television, radio, internet, and newspapers) have become highly concentrated. In terms of audience (circulation) concentration, the concentration of newspaper and television markets was divided between un concentrated and moderately concentrated areas, the radio audience was moderately concentrated, and the audience of internet news websites was highly concentrated. The results of the analysis show a tendency for audience concentration in media markets to be generally lower than income market concentration. Therefore, when legally defining a dominant position in media markets, it is recommended to set a lower value for audience share than for revenue market share.
Procedure for determining the effect of internal and external factors on the startup thrust spread of a liquid-propellant rocket engine
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pylypenko O.V. , Dolgopolov S.I. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Khoriak N.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Nikolayev N.D. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Despite of the package of measures to adjust a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LPRE) to a specified operating regime, minimum acceptable spreads in the geometrical parameters and operating conditions of its units and assemblies steel remain. These internal factors together with external ones (the pressure and temperature of the propellant components at the engine inlet) govern the engine thrust spread. To provide an acceptable engine thrust spread according to the engine requirements specification, it is important to know the spread value as early as at the stage of off-engine tryout of the engine units and assemblies. The aim of this work is to develop a procedure for calculating the effect of external and internal factors on the LPRE startup thrust spread. This paper presents a procedure for determining the effect of internal and external factors on the LPRE startup thrust spread. The procedure includes the development of a mathematical model of engine startup that accounts for the maximum number of internal factors, the choice of internal factors that produce the maximum effect on the LPRE startup thrust spread, the choice of a method for specifying the external and internal factor spread, engine startup calculations at different combinations of external and internal factor spread values, engine thrust spread determination, determining the statistical and the theoretical distributions of the 90 percent thrust time spread and the steady thrust spread, and assessing their goodness of fit using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The paper gives an example of calculating the effect of the external and internal factor spread on the LPRE startup thrust spread for a staged-combustion oxidizer-rich sustainer LPRE. Using the results of previous calculations, 12 internal factors that produce the maximum effect on the engine startup thrust spread are identified. It is shown that the calculated spread of the 90 percent thrust (combustion chamber pressure) time lies in the range – 0.08220s to +0.07300s about its nominal value, and the calculated steady engine thrust (combustion chamber pressure) spread lies in the range –6.4 percent to +6.6 percent of the nominal thrust. Using Pearson’s chi-squared test, an estimate is obtained for the goodness of fit of the anticipated theoretical distributions of the 90 percent thrust time spread and the steady thrust spread to the obtained statistical ones.
Modeling of centrifugal deployment of three-section minisatellite boom
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Khoroshylov S.V. , Shamakhanov V.K. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Vasyliev V.V. ,   Earth Observing System Data Analytics
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to model the processes of centrifugal deployment of a three-section boom and preliminary analyze the feasibility of this deployment method for an Earth remote sensing (ERS) minisatellite (MS). During the research, methods of theoretical mechanics, multibody dynamics, control theory, and computer modeling were used. Centrifugal deployment of multi-section booms have been successfully used on spin stabilized satellites, but not on ERS satellites, which have other features of operation and require additional studies. The main part of the MS is a platform to which a transformable antenna is attached by means of a transformable boom. Before deployment, the stowed boom and antenna are attached to the MS platform. The boom sections are connected by joints with one rotational degree of freedom and deployed sequentially due to centrifugal forces when the MS rotates in the required direction. Each of the boom joints has a locking mechanism that latches when a predetermined deploy angle is reached. To model the processes of the boom deployment, the MS is presented as a system of connected bodies, where the platform and the stowed antenna are absolutely rigid bodies, and the boom consists of three flexible beams of a tubular cross-section. The differential equations of the MS dynamics during the deployment are obtained using the Lagrangian formalism, which are supplemented by algebraic equations describing the constraints from the joints. The scenarios of the boom deployment with a constant control torque and a constant angular velocity of the MS are considered. These scenarios are simulated, and estimates of the control actions needed to ensure full deployment of the boom and the stabilization of the MS after latching of the joints are calculated. Dependences of variations of the loads on the boom structure during deployment are obtained. The simulation results allow us to conclude that it is feasible to implement the method of the boom centrifugal deployment for the MS, which can perform fast rotations about the three axes of the body reference frame. Implementation of this method allows designers to reduce mass of the MS because it does not require any servo drives in the boom deployment system.
Adaptation of gas-dynamic characteristic arrays to automated ballistics support of spacecraft flight
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Smila T.H. , Pecherytsia L.L. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The current level of the design and use of new-generation spacecraft calls for a maximally automated ballistics support of engineering developments. An integral part of the solution of this problem is the development of an effective tool to adapt discrete functions of gas-dynamic characteristics to the solution of various problems that arise in the development and use of space complexes. Simplifying the use of bulky information arrays together with improving the accuracy of approximation of key coefficients will significantly improve the ballistics support quality. The aim of this work is to choose an optimum method for the approximation of a discrete function of two variable spacecraft aerodynamic characteristics. Based on the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of basic methods of approximation by two fitting criteria: the maximum error and the root-mean-square deviation, recommendations on this choice were made. The methods were assessed by the example of the aerodynamic coefficients of the Sich-2M spacecraft’s simplified geometrical model tabulated as a function of the spacecraft orientation angles relative to the incident flow velocity. Multiparameter numerical studies were conducted for different approximation methods with varying the parameters of the approximation types under consideration and the approximation grid density. It was found that increasing the number of nodes of an input array does not always improve the accuracy of approximation. The node arrangement exerts a greater effect on the approximation quality. It was established that the most easily implementable method among those considered is a step interpolation, whose advantages are simplicity, quickness, and limitless possibilities in accuracy improvement, while its significant drawbacks are the lack of an analytical description and the dependence of the accuracy on the grid density. It was shown that spline functions feature the best approximating properties in comparison with other mathematical models. A polynomial approximation or any approximation by a general form function provide an analytical description with a single approximating function, but their accuracy of approximation is not so high as that provided by splines. It was found that there exists no approximation method that would be best by all criteria taken together: each method has some advantages, but at the same time, it has significant drawbacks too. An optimum approximation method is chosen according to the features of the problem, the priorities in approximation requirements, the required degree of approximation, and the initial data organization method.
Paramagnetic Centers of Mineral Component in Annealed Bone Tissue
Authors: BAGMUT N.N. , KALINICHENKO T.G. , BRIK A.B. , DUDCHENKO N.O. , KALINICHENKO M.O.
Published: December 2021

The mineral components of powdered samples of cortical dense bone tissue of domestic animals (pig and cow) were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Bone tissue was heated in a temperature range 600-1000 ºС in an oven and then held for more than one year at room temperature. This was done to allow short-lived defects to decay and to let the mineral structures stabilize. In these heat-treated samples, within the limits of the sensitivity of the experiments, no EPR signals were detected, but after irradiation with X-rays, multicomponent EPR signals appeared. Spectra vary depending on the heating temperatures. Paramagnetic centers related to РО32–, NO42–, CO2–, CO33– and O– groups are observed. The g-factor of spectroscopic splitting and amplitude of ultrafine interaction of the indicated paramagnetic centers in the spectra were determined. Due to different relaxation behavior of the paramagnetic centers, and hence their saturation effects, the form of the total EPR signals significantly depends on the microwave power level at which the spectra are recorded. Therefore, EPR signals were recorded at high (5 mW) and low (0.13 mW) microwave power levels. The temperature dependency of EPR signal amplitude was determined for some paramagnetic centers in the range of 600-1000 ºС. The EPR signal properties of the heated bone samples and synthetic hydroxylapatites were compared. The spectra indicate that phosphates in bone tissue have a more complex structure than simple synthetic hydroxylapatite. The results of this work can be used to create synthetic analogs of bone tissue, to help in the manufacturing of implants that are used to treat bone tissue, and to study the processes related to the assimilation of mineralogic-based implants by living bone tissue.
Morphological and Molecular Studies of the Rapa Whelk, Rapana venosa (Neogastropoda, Muricidae), from Odesa Bay
Authors: Morhun H. , Son M. O. , Kovtun O. O. , Utevsky S.
Published: December 2021

The gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) is a successful worldwide invader occurring in the Black Sea. The aim of this study is to overview specific population features of this mollusk from Odesa Bay through integrative systematic approach by means of morphological and molecular research. For this purpose, the mollusks were collected from the Black Sea and examined using morphological methods: traditional morphometry, which employs linear parameters of shells (height, width, whorl height, whorl width, height of the last whorl) and shell weight, and geometric morphometrics of the shell shape data. For a molecular genetic test, the COI gene region was used. Among all conchological variability, the two morphotypes were defined: the first has a “broad” shape — shells have a thick and durable last whorl and a low spire, and the second one — “extended” shape: shells are relatively slender with an elongated high-conical spire. According to the geometric morphometric data, R. venosa has statistically significant differences between defined morphotypes (F = 4.12, p = 0.001); however, the shapes in males and females are not significantly different (F = 1.13, p = 0.318). No genetic diversity, neither novel haplotypes were revealed by the molecular analysis: in Odesa Bay, the haplotype occurring also in other regions of invasion across the world is present.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Sexual Dimorphism in Liolaemus darwinii (Squamata, Liolaemi-dae) in the Monte Desert of Argentina
Authors: Castillo G. N. , Gonzalez-Rivas C. J. , Acosta J. C.
Published: December 2021

The lizard Liolaemus darwinii (Liolaemidae) is a typical species with wide distribution in Monte environments of Argentina. The objective of this study is contribute to knowledge of sexual dimorphism in a population of L. darwinii (Bell, 1843). We evaluated sexual shape variation of the cephalic region through procustes analyses with geometric morphometry. We predict that the heads in males will have differences in shape with respect to females. The results showed significant sexual differences in shape, mainly in the region around the eyes. There were no significant differences in sizes. Geometric morphometry analyses are a useful tool for addressing sexual differences in Monte lizards. This constitutes the first study for the center-west of Argentina in San Juan province that implements these geometric morphometry analyses.
Factors Influencing US Hospital and Medical School Participation in Pediatric COVID-19 Research
Authors: Tumin Dmitry , Khanchandani Ashish , Sasser Georgia , Buckman Cierra
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Literature suggests that funding for pediatric clinical trials is inequitably awarded. Furthermore, although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected all hospitals, institutions with already limited resources were more severely impacted. We hypothesized that there would be difference in schools and hospitals that were able to participate in the initial round of pediatric COVID-19 clinical research.

METHODS

We searched online databases for preregistered studies using the keywords “COVID-19,” “COVID,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “2019-nCov,” “2019 novel coronavirus,” and “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.” Search results were limited to studies enrolling participants from birth to 17 years, studies started in 2020, and studies originating in the United states. We calculated the proportion of institutions with active COVID-19 pediatric clinical studies in 2020 and compared institutional characteristics between institutions with and without at least one qualifying COVID-19 study, using rank-sum tests, χ2 tests, or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate.

RESULTS

We identified 150 allopathic medical schools, 34 osteopathic medical schools, and 178 children’s hospitals meeting inclusion criteria. Among included institutions, 25% of medical schools and 20% children’s hospitals participated in 1 of the registered pediatric COVID-19 studies the year before the study period. Institutions that participated in pediatric COVID-19 studies had more publications, more National Institutes of Health funding, and more studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the pandemic affecting everyone, participation in early clinical research on the impact of COVID-19 in pediatric populations was concentrated in a few well-resourced institutions that were highly experienced in research.
Jinekolojik kanser cerrahisi sonrası lenfödemi olan ve olmayan kişilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kaliteleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: ABAKAY Hanife , ABDÜLREZZAK Ümmühan , AKBAYRAK Türkan
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, jinekolojik kanser cerrahisi sonrası lenfödem gelişen ve gelişmeyen kişilerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışmaya, jinekolojik kanser cerrahisi geçiren, alt ekstremitesinde lenfödemi olan, yaş ortalamaları 59,15±11,57 yıl arasında değişen 60 kişi lenfödem grubu olarak ve jinekolojik kanser cerrahisi geçiren, alt ekstremite lenfödemi olmayan, yaş ortalamaları 55,97±11,25 yıl arasında değişen 30 kişi ise lenfödem olmayan grup olarak katıldı. Lenfödem varlığının değerlendirilmesi lenfosintigrafi ve çevre ölçümü ile yapıldı. Lenfödemi olan ve olmayan gruplardaki kişilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (kısa form), yaşam kaliteleri Lymph-ICF-LL ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Lenfödemi olan ve olmayan gruplardaki kişilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmedi (p0,05). Lenfödemi olan gruptaki kişilerin yaşam kalitesini değerlendirdiğimiz Lymph-ICF-LL’nin alt gruplarındaki değerlerinin lenfödem olmayan gruba göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Lenfödemi olan gruptaki kişilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile Lymph-ICF-LL anketinin fiziksel fonksiyon skorları, hareketlilik skorları, yaşam alanları skorları ve toplam skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki bulundu (r: -0,336, p<0,05). Bu ilişki, lenfödem olmayan grupta bulunmadı (r: -0,114, p0,05).Sonuç: Jinekolojik kanser sonrası lenfödemli bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile yaşam kalitesi arasında negatif yönde ilişki olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Pediatrik yanık yaralanmalarında aile yükünü etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZKAL Özden , AYDİN ÖZCAN Damlagül , AYDIN Güllü , TOPUZ Semra , KONAN Ali
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Pediatrik yanıklarda, uzayan tedavi süreçleri bakım veren rolünü üstlenen anneler için psikososyal açıdan zorlayıcı
olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı pediatrik yanık yaralanmalarında aile yükünü etkileyen faktörleri araştırmaktı.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 32 (18K/14E) yanık yaralanması olan çocuk ve anneleri dahil edildi. Çocukların ve annelerin demografik
bilgileri ve yanık yaralanmasına ilişkin veriler kaydedildi. Çocuğun aileye olan yükü Aile Etki Ölçeği ile, annelerin kaygı düzeyleri
Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile, çocukların yaralanma bölgesinde oluşan hipertrofik skar kalitesi Hasta ve Gözlemci Skar
Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile, eklemlerin hareket açıklığı ise gonyometre ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre, annenin kaygı düzeyinin, hipertrofik skarın kalitesinin, bası giysisi
varlığının, yaralanma sonrası geçen sürenin, toplam yanık yüzey alanının (TYYA), herhangi bir eklemin/üst ekstremite ekleminin
eklem hareket açıklığında limitasyon olmasının ve cerrahi sayısının Aile Etki Ölçeği için anlamlı belirleyicileri olduğu bulundu
(p˂0,05).
Sonuç: Annenin yüksek kaygı düzeyine sahip olması, kötüleşmiş hipertrofik skar kalitesi, tedavide bası giysisi kullanımı,
eklemlerde limitasyon varlığı ve yanık sonrası geçen süredeki, cerrahi sayısındaki ve TYYA’ndaki artış çocuğun aileye olan
yükünü artırmaktadır. Yanık tedavi uygulamalarında, çocuk ve aile bütüncül değerlendirilerek yanık öyküsünün aileye olan
yükünü azaltacak yaklaşımlar seçilmesi önerilir.
Kifotik postürlü adölesan kızlarda omuz retraksiyon ortezi ile postür egzersizlerinin kifoza, servikal tilte ve skapular protraksiyona etkileri
Authors: YAŞİN Tansu , USGU Serkan
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, kifotik postüre sahip adölesan kızlarda postür egzersiz eğitimi ve omuz retraksiyon ortezinin kifoza, servikal tilte ve skapular protraksiyona olan etkisini araştırmak amacı ile yapıldı.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya postüral kifozu olan 30 adölesan kız dahil edildi. Bireyler basit rastgele yöntem ile egzersiz (n=15, yaş ortalaması:13,73±0,46 yıl, VKİ: 20,61±1,98 kg/m2) ve ortez (n=15, yaş ortalaması: 13,73±0,46 yıl, VKİ: 20,19±1,72 kg/m2) grubuna ayrıldı. 8 hafta boyunca egzersiz grubuna (30-40 dk/gün/hafta) spinal ekstansörleri ve skapula kaslarını kuvvetlendirme, skapula stabilizasyonu, pektoral germe içeren postür egzersiz eğitimi verildi. Ortez grubu 8 hafta boyunca omuz retraksiyon ortezini (8 saat/gün/hafta) kullandı. Kifoz, esnek cetvel ölçüm yöntemiyle elde edilen kifoz indeksi ile değerlendirildi. Anterior servikal tilti değerlendirmek için tragus-duvar mesafesi, skapula protraksiyonu değerlendirmek için iki skapulanın inferior ucu arasındaki mesafe ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Gruplar kendi içerisinde eğitim öncesi ve sonrası verileri karşılaştırıldığında kifoz indeksi, servikal tilt ve skapula protraksiyonunda iyileşme (p0,05).

Sonuç: Postür egzersiz eğitimi ve omuz retraksiyon ortezi adölesan kızlarda postüral kifozun azaltılmasında etkilidir. Her iki yöntemin kombine kullanıldığı, uzun dönemli takiplerin yapıldığı randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Literatura wobec kryzysu epidemii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Trościński Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

This article was written as a preface to a thematic issue of „Tematy i Konteksty” entitled “Literature in the face of epidemic crisis”. It is the essay addressing the impact, which COVID-19 virus has had on contemporary man and the reality surrounding him. The author, in his deliberations, focused on many aspects of the pandemic: medical, sociological, philosophical, psychological and cultural. A very important element of the essay is an attempt of capture universal social-cultural mechanisms, which are distinctive to a time of pandemic. Another crucial issue addressed in this essay is tracing the cultural and literary paradigms, which are followed in both social and individual aspects of time of pandemic. The other essential matter which was looked into are people’s attitudes taken towards virus itself, other people and themselves.
Sebastiana Petrycego z Pilzna pouczenia „jak się zachować czasu moru” – instrukcja, nauka czy poradnik? Rekonesans badawczy historyka literatury
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska, Wichowa Maria
Published: December 2021

Sebastian Petrycy from Pilzno was one of the most eminent doctors in the Renaissance Poland, an outstanding intellectual active in several areas of knowledge. A graduate of the Krakow Academy. In 1589 he went to Padua to study medicine, which he probably started in Poland, because he had completed the Padua studies with a doctorate already in 1590. In terms of science, the medicine of Padua was very innovative. After returning to Poland, he was employed at the Krakow Academy, he lectured at the Faculty of Artium. In 1608 he became a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at the Krakow Academy and began teaching. He was a very popular and respected doctor, cared for both elite and poor patients. Petrycy left behind a rich literary output, incl. “Instructia or learning guide on how to exercise the time of moor” (Krakow 1613). However, the publication of the Krakow medic is clearly not a “pure”, classic instruction, it clearly has an “admixture” of the guide’s features. That is why considering the genological problems of this text is the subject of the philologist’s analysys. The specific genre syncretism of Petrycy’s “Instruction…” was demonstrated, the work was examined in terms of literary communication, the dependence assumed by the author between the recipient and sender, and therefore the dialogical nature of the text, the transmission of instructions, advice and tips was analyzed. It was established that the “Instruction…” is not characterized by “purity” of genre, that it evidently has a mixture of the features of science and a guide.
Wywoływanie chorób przez czarownice – poglądy uczestnika procesów czarownic (przypadek Czarownicy powołanej)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska, Kochan Anna
Published: December 2021

Published in 1639, the anonymous “Czarownica powołana” is a work addressed to judges dealing with proceedings in witchcraft cases. Its author, probably a clergyman, participated in such trials. Unlike many works of this kind, it did not encourage the tracking and killing of witches. “Czarownica powołana” belongs to a different trend and in many places is similar to the treatise of the German Jesuit Friedrich Spee, who was afraid of the rash condemnation of superstitious people who had nothing to do with practicing black magic. In “Czarownica powołana” the existence of witches and sorcery is not questioned, because it is considered to be a devilish science, which leads to making a pact with the devil with the ability to act in the world. Illness or death in connection with the accusation of witchcraft had serious consequences, including establishing who and how the witch had harmed. In the era of the plague epidemic, fear of strangers led to numerous massacres, especially in German cities, where the spread of the plague was explained more often than elsewhere by poisoning the wells by Jews, who were also burdened with engaging in magic and negotiating with the devil. The author was aware that some associate every disease with witchcraft. The devil can also cheat, making a person think that what he dreamed really happened, and people deluded by fantasies are willing to share these stories also in court during a trial. The author of “Czarownica powołana” was aware of this mechanism because he was concerned with the accusation itself (“powołanie”). In this context, “Czarownica powołana” – despite the author’s conviction about the existence of witches and their ability to cause disease and elementary disasters - is a progressive work, but this is evidenced by the lawyer’s dilemmas, not the priest’s fears.
Chłodno i rzeczowo. Kazimierz Sarnecki o chorobach na dworze Jana III Sobieskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska, Ślęczka Tomasz
Published: December 2021

This article addresses the question of illness, as discussed in the writings of Kazimierz Sarnecki, an envoy of Lithuanian Chancellor Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, residing at King Jan III Sobieski’s court. Sarnecki’s primary task was to take note of all happenings at King Sobieski’s court, focusing mainly on the king’s health, but including also other matters, some of them of little importance. Sarnecki regularly kept Radziwiłł up-to-date through diary entries sent together with a separate cover letter, usually of considerable length. In his diary, Sarnecki detailed the King’s state of health, starting each entry with a short description of what the King was doing and how he felt and only then proceeding to report on other events. Subsequently, he also included information on Queen Maria Kazimiera, the King’s sister Katarzyna Radziwiłłowa née Sobieska (mother of Karol Stanisław), the royal couple’s children (Jakub, Teresa Kunegunda, Aleksander and Konstanty), as well as other members of the court and visitors. He also noted down anecdotes, often loosely connected with medicine. When Kazimierz himself fell seriously ill, he did not seek his patron’s compassion, but assured that despite his illness, he would discharge his duties with the help of third parties, so that Radziwiłł’s interests would not be harmed. His notes are always written in a cold and terse tone, devoid of commentary and empathy. Even those passages which concern him personally are free of emotion.
Uwagi o podróży Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza po Litwie w 1819 roku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin, Polska, Chachaj Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

In 1819, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz took a journey around Lithuania. It was the sixth of his historical trips. The author summed up his observations of the state of Lithuania in following words: “How many dangerous, contagious diseases affect this part of the political body of our homeland!” The „plague” metaphor is developed further in the discussion. Niemcewicz describes “epidemics” that destroy society and the state, causing effects that are equally or more dangerous than material losses visible at first glance. He points to “plagues” resulting from political oppression and violence of invader on various levels of social life, as well as unwanted changes that dependent on the will of a man who succumbs to destructive influences.
Biedermeierowskie świadectwo zarazy – „Granit” Adalberta Stiftera
Authors:   Uniwersytet Opolski, Polska, Mazur Aneta
Published: December 2021

The following article is an introduction to the Adalbert Stifter’s short story entitled “Granite” in Polish translation. The article explains the political and cultural origin of the work, its poetical form, its ethical and philosophical meaning. The “Granite”, included in the short story collection (Colorful Stones, 1853) is considered to be an important declaration of Biedermeier movement in Austria, its aesthetic as well as its ethic tradition, manifest of which was so-called „Gentle Law” (das sanfte Gesetz), i.e. an ordered existence harmony and an unspectacular, daily practising the humanism in the personal, country and social life. In Stifter’s piece it concerns also an extraordinary case of the epidemic, which did plagued the Bohemian countryside in the 18th century. The story plot being based on local oral tradition, presents how adult’s and children’s characters react the hazards and challenges they must confront during the illness. Playing with several allusions (such as biblical, philosophical, scientific, legendary ones) the “Granite” concludes with two distinctive thesis: the only way to survive the plague is acting with human dignity and altruistically; the survive means an irrational and paradoxical experience. The „epidemic” motive – due to historical fact, at the same time the figure of a catastrophe, of a test, of an initiation into dark rules of history and nature as well – is sophisticatedly articulated, using different text construction, plot and narrative levels or implied meanings of the work (the titel motive of „granite”, a motive of volcanic catastrophe, plays a role in all of them). There is a kind of misterious interpretative ambiguity in Adalbert Stifter’s work till now – “Granite” is to understand as a Biedermeier idyll; as an evidence of author’s world view; as a documented case of the epidemic in Boccaccio style; as a parable about humanity at the crucial moment of the life; and, finally, as a short story masterpiece.
„Asystował wybuchowi cholery” Autor i recenzenci o książce Lucjana Wolanowskiego „Klejnot Korony. Reporter w Hongkongu w czasach zarazy”
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Rott Dariusz
Published: December 2021

Lucjan Wolanowski (1920–2006) was an outstanding journalist, writer and traveler. Today, he is a forgotten author. In 1963, he published a short book titled “The Crown Jewel. Reporter in Hong-Kong in tmes of cholera”. Written during the epidemic of cholera in Hong-Kong where was staying, the book was a success and was translated into many foreign languages. It is a factual report on illnesses and suffering of Hong-Kong residents. The author combined his passion to explore, travel experience and observation skills with his great storytelling abilities and appreciation for details. His book inspired the modern trend of reports on tropical diseases in the Polish literature.
The Language of Fear in Children’s Literature: A Case Study of Ted Hughes’s Poems for Children
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska, Chrzanowska-Kluczewska Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

The article tackles the issue of the language of fear exploited in children’s literature, taking Ted Hughes’s Nature poems for young readers as the object of analysis. It presents a perspective of linguistic stylistics and literary semantics and as such is not meant to be a critical literary evaluation of Hughes’s poetry. Rather, it focuses on linguistic instruments of creating the aura of fear in children’s poetry and their cognitive import. The author has chosen a neuroscientific paradigm for the two closely related emotions – fear and anxiety – as propagated by American researcher Joseph LeDoux, most prominently in his work “Anxious” (2015). LeDoux maintains that the feeling of fear is not inborn but rather a cognitive construct emergent from the use of one’s native language practiced within a particular socio-cultural context. The unique atmosphere of Hughes’s poetry has been achieved by a rich lexicon of fear-related notions and a skillfully applied figuration (anthropomorphisms, similes). His poetic imagery powerfully complements the vocabulary and troping in calling to life fictional worlds, often uncanny and menacing, remote from the young readers’ experience. The author of this article perceives in the lexicon, figuration and multimodal imagery (both verbal and visual, the latter realized as illustrations in picture-books) an important didactic device that teaches children how to manage fearsome experiences. This capability will also prepare children to face anxiety, an emotion typical of adult life and related mostly to existential problems.
Czarna śmierć i lekcja życia – dwie odsłony
Authors:   Warszawa, Polska, Salwa Piotr
Published: December 2021

The essay confronts two ways in which the Black Death motif is used in two 14-Century Italian collections of novellas. In Giovanni Boccaccio’s “Decameron” the pestilence means the crisis of civilized forms of collective life, the decay of social relations and moral disarray. The protagonists in a sublime way reconstruct various forms of “art de vivre” distancing themselves from the brutal reality. Giovanni Sercambi perceive the plague as a divine punishment that strikes the entire society for collective sins. The only way of salvation is a pilgrimage-penance, and later the acceptance of a new political regime, in which all the power belongs to a preposto, elected for life, and the citizens are interested only in their private affairs and respect of severe moral principles.
Panorama badań aksjologicznych we współczesnym literaturoznawstwie polskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Polska, Garlej Beata
Published: December 2021

The article is an attempt to present the achievements of the axiological research current in Polish literary studies. Several key issues relevant to axiological research understood in general, philosophical terms were mentioned to determine whether literary studies can exist without axiology or whether axiology absolutely needs literary studies, as well as the issue of the chronological beginning of axiological research within Polish literary studies. The deliberations undertaken lead to a closer characterisation of the three schools that put forward the most important proposals of Polish literary axiological reflection: the Lublin school, the Toruń school and the Warsaw school. And it is in relation to them that the most relevant hitherto achievements of axiological research in Polish literary studies have been outlined.
Spojrzeć w twarz Meduzie: Jerzy Grotowski wobec romantyzmu i mitu Fausta cz. 1. „Farsa-misterium”: „Faust” według J.W. Goethego, Teatr Polski, Poznań, 1960
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kallaus Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

The subject of this paper is the first of the two re-interpretations of the myth of Faust by Jerzy Grotowski – the performance of “Faust” by J.W. Goethe in the Polish Theatre in Poznań (1960), in which Grotowski enters into polemics with Goethe’s romantic and metaphysical vision. The spectacle shows Grotowski’s early aesthetics called as “farce-mystery”, displaying his fascination with ritual as a performative secular alternative to religious experience. The myth of Faust shows his creative confrontation with the archetype, which aims to liberate the spiritual energy beyond religion and myth to renew the community’s sense of the sacred. The author sets out to prove that the story of Faust is of crucial significance to Grotowski as an incarnation of myth that helps him to cope with the trauma of death and transgress the limits of human condition, which reveals his romantic sensibility.
Chorobotwórcza moc komet. O poszukiwaniu przyczyn morów w piśmiennictwie staropolskim
Authors:   Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa, Polska, Piskała Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Rapidly spreading and ravaging diseases were not a rarity in Old Poland. The medical knowledge of the era could not properly explain the nature of infectious diseases and the mechanism of their spreading, so there were many different attempts at explaining their causes. Some suspected their enemies and infidels of poisoning air and water; others attributed pestilence to God’s wrath or to unfavourable configurations of heavenly bodies that were said to bring misfortune. The most devastating effects were attributed to comets; a comet’s appearance was seen either as a sign or as a cause of impending disasters, which, apart from pestilent air, included earthquakes, deaths of kings, wars, and tumults. Astrological explanation of the plagues proved to be very persistent and became a stock motif in the literature devoted to the subject, which, however, does not mean that it was accepted without criticism.
The International Potential of the Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel – a Review of Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska’s (eds.) “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Rokosz Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

The article is a review of “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”, edited by Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska, published in 2020 by Lit Verlag, Switzerland within the “Polonistik im Kontext” series. The first part of the monograph includes articles that provide a reinterpretation of selected novels (including Krasicki’s “The Adventures of Mr. Nickolas Wisdom”, Orzeszkowa’s “On the Niemen”, and Sienkiewicz’s “Without Dogma”) in relation to the main currents of world literature. The second part focuses on the reception of selected nineteenth-century Polish novels in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, France, Spain, the United States, and Great Britain. The publication is aimed at raising the interest of non-Polish recipients in the nineteenth-century novels during a period when twentieth and contemporary Polish literature has already gained relative popularity abroad.
Morowe powietrze w perspektywie uniwersalnej: Kronika, to jest historyja świata (1564) Marcina Bielskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polska, Śnieżko Dariusz
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the informations of pestilences in Chronicle that is the History of the Whole World (1564) by Marcin Bielski. The following issues have been taken under examination: ranges of pestilences, their causes, the ways of therapy, metaphors of infections, narrative forms of records and their modalities.
„Parthenopea lues”, czyli o ostatecznym rozstaniu z Lidią. Glosa do elegii III 17 Jana Kochanowskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Rusnak Radosław
Published: December 2021

The author gathers and scrutinizes the cases in which Jan Kochanowski, the most prominent poet of the Polish Renaissance, mentions Naples or Campania, one of his destinations while travelling through Italy in 1555. One of the designations in question appears to be „Parthenopea lues” from his Latin elegy III 17, a periphrastic term for syphilis, a disastrous veneral disease which truly decimated the population of then Europeans. It’s mentioned as part of a long tirade against a woman who, according to the poet’s wishes, is going to pay high price for her wrongdoings, especially those against love. The ultimate punishment she will suffer, right before immersing herself in the abyss of Tartarus, will be, devastating for her health, „morbus gallicus”. The paper ponders on the right identification of the female protagonist of the elegy, taking into consideration the existing theories about it as well as comments on a peculiar name syphilis was given by the poet and the medical knowledge he shares with a reader.