bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Test of Hybrid Corn Seed Sorting Machine Using Vibrating Mechanism
Authors: Alfakhmi Resha , Abdul Azis  , Mursalim  , Amin Nur  , Olly Sanny Hutabarat
Published: February 2025

The corn seed sorting tool is a tool used to improve the quality of corn seeds used in the corn plant production process. The corn seed sorting process aims to separate corn seeds based on size and dirt. With the existence of this corn seed sorting tool, it can greatly assist corn farmers in producing high-quality seeds. This research aims to determine the performance of the seed sorting tool in sorting corn seeds using a vibration mechanism. In this research method, the variation of machine rotation speed is carried out at three levels, 1065 rpm, 1300 rpm, and 1400 rpm. Each speed level is tested with different inclination levels, 10°, 12.5°, and 15°. The results of this study indicate that the work capacity is directly proportional to the machine's rotational speed and the inclination angle of the sieve. The best performance in the sorting process is achieved at a machine rotational speed of 1400 rpm and an inclination angle of 15°, resulting in a sorting rate of 99%. Meanwhile, sorting effectiveness can be achieved at a machine rotational speed of 1300 rpm°.
Cultivation of Caisim Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in The NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) Hydroponic System
Authors: Agustina Hilda , Muhammad Priyatama Haibir  , Fidel Harmanda Prima
Published: February 2025

Plant cultivation using the NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system is quite widely used by people in urban areas in plant houses. Suboptimal provision of nutrients causes unsatisfactory plant production. Less than optimal provision of nutrients for plants will affect plant production. Cultivation of caisim mustard plants in hydroponic systems will also be beneficial in urban areas where land is very limited. The design of the NFT hydroponic system also affects the provision of nutrients for Caisim mustard plants.  This study aims to determine the performance of the NFT hydroponic system (gutter discharge) and the concentration of AB Mix in the cultivation of caisim (Brassica Juncea L.). The method used in this study was a Randomized Group Factorial Design (RAKF) with two treatment factors, namely water flow discharge (Q) and concentration of nutrient solution (N) consisting of three treatments and three replications. The research parameters were plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and plant productivity. It was concluded that the water flow discharge and concentration of nutrient solution had a significant effect on plant growth, number of leaves and fresh weight of plants.
Penerapan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning dalam Pembelajaran PAI dan Implikasinya terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Mu'min Wandi Syahrul , Rohayani Ai , Ginanjar Wahyu
Published: February 2025

This research examines the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in Islamic Religious Education at SMAN 1 Sindangbarang and its implications for the development of students' critical thinking skills. A qualitative study with a descriptive approach was conducted, involving the School Principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and students as research subjects. The findings indicate that CTL effectively enhances the efficiency of teaching and learning activities and improves students' critical thinking abilities. However, certain aspects need improvement. It is essential to clearly outline the research limitations to help readers understand the context and generalize the findings. The data analysis should be elaborated in more detail to enhance the validity of the results. Additionally, the challenges identified should be specified more clearly, and proposed solutions need to be presented comprehensively. The effectiveness of learning measurement using the CTL concept should be supported by more concrete and measurable data. Furthermore, the findings should be linked to the national curriculum and educational standards to strengthen the relevance of the results. The implications for enhancing teacher professionalism should be detailed, encompassing specific steps taken by the school. Practical recommendations to address challenges and strengthen the implementation of CTL need to be clearly outlined, with encouragement to explore the impact of CTL implementation in a broader context.
Generative AI Models Theoretical Foundations and Algorithmic Practices
Authors: Cao Yongnian , Yang Xuechun , Sun Rui
Published: February 2025

Generative models in AI are an entirely new paradigm for machine learning, allowing computers to create realistic data in all kinds of categories, like text (NLP), images, and even physics simulations. In this paper this formalism is used to guide the theory, algorithms and applications of generative models, with particular focus on a few well established techniques like VAEs, GANs, and diffusion models. It stresses the importance of probabilistic generative modelling and information theory (I.e. KL divergence, ELBO, adversarial optimization, etc.) We cover algorithmic practices such as optimization techniques, multimodal and conditional generation, and efficient data-driven strategies, demonstrating the impact of these methods in various real-world applications including text, image, and audio generation, industrial design, and scientific discovery. However, the fields are still grappling with significant challenges — training instability, the need for huge computational resources, and a lack of consistent, unified treatment across applications. The paper finishes with an optimistic vision of what the future has to hold, such as finding more sample efficient ways to learn, architectures to facilitate scalability on a global scale, and cohesive theoretical frameworks to bring out the very best in generative AI. By combining this theoretical understanding with practical implications, this paper will explore generative AI technologies and their potential to transform whole industries and scientific disciplines.
Hinduizm’de Tantracılık
Authors: Deveci Beyza Aybike
Published: February 2025

Tantrism in HinduismrnIn this dissertation, the historical process of tantrism, theological thought, and practices in Hinduism were examined. This dissertation which discusses the methods of the History of Religions consists of an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion. In the introduction, information was given about the principles adopted in the dissertation, the main classic and modern works, and the terms that are used.rnIn the first chapter roots, factor that play a role in development and historical process of tantrism. In the second chapter, information about tantrism’s approach the main doctrine in Hinduism was given. In this context god, universe, soul, karma and liberation were examined by comparing them. In the third chapter specific practices in tantrism were discussed. In conclusion part, determinations and evolutions were made based on subjects and given information in the dissertation.rnKeywords: Hinduism; tantrism; tantric; tāntrika
Küreselleşen Dünyada Din
Authors: Aktı Ümit
Published: February 2025

Religion in a Globalizing WorldrnToday, globalization is perhaps one of the most studied and talked about topics in the world. Globalization affects all social institutions and structures positively or negatively but strongly. For this reason, quite different ideas are put forward about the concept. For example, one group sees globalization as an inevitable and rapid process of change and argues that it is impossible to resist it. Another group claims that globalization is nothing but a new form of imperialism that is completely negative and must be combated. Globalization, which has recently gained significant momentum with the development of mass media, affects all countries of the world to a greater or lesser extent with its economic, social, political and cultural dimensions. So what is globalization? Globalization is undoubtedly a multidimensional process. It would be wrong to separate it from its historical context and evaluate it one-sidedly. Globalization is a process in which technological developments as well as historical and social developments are decisive, and societies and cultures interact with each other very intensely. One of the social institutions affected by globalization is religion. While this interaction process sometimes creates a homogenizing effect, it sometimes offers opportunities for local beliefs and cultures on a global scale. In this respect, sometimes the religions of dominant cultures affect local religions, and sometimes local religions can reach a level that threatens them. In this study, globalization was examined in terms of its political, economic, cultural and technological dimensions. Then, the interaction and relationship between these dimensions of globalization and religion are discussed from a sociological perspective. Finally, the relationship between globalization and religion in Türkiye is emphasized.rnKeywords: Sociology of Religion, Globalization, Religion, Culture, Secularization, Religious Groups.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Krankenhaus. Whitepaper-Serie #2: Ein Rollenspiel zur Förderung multiperspektivischer ethischer Reflexionskompetenz
Authors: Doria Jan
Published: February 2025

Die zweite Ausgabe der Whitepaper-Serie „Interdisziplinäre KI-Lehre“ widmet sich direkt der handfesten Lehrpraxis und präsentiert einen methodischen Ansatz, wie KI-relevante Kompetenzen in den Seminarraum gebracht und in gleichsam ganzheitlicher wie integrierter Weise vermittelt werden können. In Form einer Arbeitsmappe stellt das Whitepaper ein multiperspektivisches Rollenspiel vor. Das Szenario: Die Leitung des fiktiven „Luisenkrankenhaus“ plant die Einführung von KI. Die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer versetzen sich nun in die Situation von acht verschiedenen Charakteren: Der Geschäftsführer und sein IT-Experte wollen KI-Systeme unbedingt so schnell wie möglich zum Einsatz bringen. Der Arzt hat vor allem das Wohl seiner Patienten im Blick. Und die wiederum? Wünschen sich mehr Aufklärung und ein behutsames Vorgehen. Die Teilnehmenden des Rollenspiels stehen so vor der Herausforderung, unterschiedliche Wertvorstellungen in Einklang zu bringen und eine gemeinsame KI-Strategie auszuhandeln: Gelingt die Aushandlung von Wertekonflikten? Oder scheitert das Luisenkrankenhaus an der Herausforderung, KI im Alltag umzusetzen?

Das Whitepaper „KI im Krankenhaus“ stellt alle Unterrichtsmaterialen und Kopiervorlagen bereit, um das Luisenkrankenhaus-Rollenspiel in der eigenen Lehre zum Einsatz zu bringen. Es kann frei angepasst und abgewandelt werden.
Análisis de la Ventilación en Interiores Mediante Simulación CFD para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire
Authors: Del Sole Micaela B. , Aguilar Ferraro Santiago , Gamarra Ariel , Colman Lerner Jorge E. , Porta Atilio A. , Sanchez Erica Yanina
Published: February 2025

La calidad del aire y la ventilación en interiores son vitales para la salud, especialmente en entornos educativos. La ventilación adecuada en aulas mejora el confort térmico, la calidad del aire y el rendimiento académico. Tras la crisis del petróleo en los años 70, se priorizó la eficiencia energética, lo que redujo la ventilación natural y afectó la calidad del aire interior. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha subrayado la importancia de revisar los sistemas de ventilación, ya que la ventilación deficiente puede facilitar la propagación de enfermedades. Este estudio evaluó la ventilación en aulas de escuelas públicas en Argentina mediante simulaciones de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD). Las mediciones de velocidad y presión dinámica se compararon con los resultados del modelo CFD, calculando la tasa de renovación de aire por hora (ACH). Aunque los resultados indicaron una ventilación adecuada, se identificaron áreas con estancamiento y recirculación de aire, sugiriendo la necesidad de mejoras. Se propuso añadir una ventana basculante para optimizar la circulación. La simulación CFD es eficaz para evaluar y optimizar la ventilación antes de cambios reales, reduciendo costos y mejorando la calidad del aire en aulas.
Herramienta Informática de Acceso Libre para Cálculo de Generación de Energía Solar Fotovoltaica Horaria
Authors: Hammerly Maximiliano , Cuestas Facundo , Santiago Cuestas , Marcos Benito
Published: February 2025

Se expondrá una herramienta de cálculo informática de acceso libre, programada en lenguaje Python (a través del entorno Visual Studio Code), para el cálculo de generación de energía eléctrica horaria de una planta solar fotovoltaica. Para lograr esto, se programaron las ecuaciones del modelo de Hottel que estima la irradiancia incidente sobre una superficie horizontal mediante modelo de cielo claro, se aplicaron coeficientes de corrección para ajustar la irradiancia a valores medios diarios mensuales registrados y se programó el modelo de transposición de Lui-Jordan para calcular la generación fotovoltaica horaria para superficies inclinadas. El resultado fue una herramienta informática con interfaz gráfica simple (programada mediante Tkinter), capaz de calcular la energía solar fotovoltaica generada por una planta solar en intervalos de tiempo cada 15, 30 o 60 minutos, cuyos valores calculados son guardados en un archivo formato CSV para su posterior manipulación. Esta aplicación está acotada al uso dentro de la provincia de Entre ríos, Argentina, pero escalable a mayores regiones.
Virtual reality technologies and real-life applications
Authors: Ravi Singh  , Sukhvindar Singh  , K Vidyalakshmi
Published: February 2025

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have rapidly evolved from mere entertainment devices to powerful general real-life applications. In this chapter, some of the most relevant aspects of present technology making up a virtual reality (VR) system, of how different sensory modalities - visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile - synergize to give a live feel of virtual reality. Advances in graphics, sound design, haptics, and even smell and taste simulation make VR an immersive experience close to that point where the virtual world interfaces with the real world. But, as the title suggests, the chapter is meant to act as a. Guide to VR scene-building concept to final implementation development. It discusses tools, specialized software, and hardware, creates 3D models, undertakes texture mapping, integrates sounds, and places interactivity in it for some applications like education, health, entertainment, and training. The step approach will guide understanding the technical nitty-gritty of VR development while demonstrating just how much these imaginative and immersive experiences could incite revolutions across various economic sectors.
The fundamental ideas behind robots
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: February 2025

According to the Robot Institute of America, a robot is said to be a reprogrammable, multi-tasking machine. A functional manipulator that is designed to transfer materials, components, tools, or specialised devices through a specialised device. There are several motions that have been coded in order to carry out a wide range of jobs. The combination of numerical control and remote manipulation not only resulted in the creation of a new area of engineering, but it also brought about the emergence of a number of scientific concerns in design and control that are significantly distinct from those that were associated with the technologies that were initially developed. This chapter illustrates robots main concepts, Components of robots, robots’ classification, robots’ controls, and robots and automation influence on industry sectors and jobs.
Advances in robotics technologies and implementations
Authors: Ravi Singh  , Sukhvindar Singh  , K Vidyalakshmi
Published: February 2025

This chapter may introduce robotics, from basic principles to the latest robot develop- ments in various branches. Robot actuation, coordination and control algorithms, power supplies, and the robots’ sensors will be included here as part and parcel of the robotic system backbone. Such prin- ciples will then end with locomotion and manipulation, the two mechanisms by which robots move and interact with their environment. To continue, the chapter presents those aspects of kinematics that will give a basic understanding of and control over robots’ movements. Sensor integration is articulated; the sensory inputs are critical concerning their contributions of helpful information for decision-making. Vision systems and feature extraction have covered the areas that help understand how robots perceive, interpret, and act concerning visual information about navigation between their environment and them- selves. Examples such as localization and mapping demonstrate how robots can perceive and create images of their environment. Applications of these robots in industry, agriculture, education, and other sectors show the different effects and impacts of robotics across fields. The chapter ends with ethical concerns with robots and calls for responsible design and deployment as they enter society.
Medicinal plants as prospective sources of antiviral agents: A comprehensive review
Authors: Satapathy Prathamanjali , Tartte Vijaya , Babu Y. T. Rajesh
Published: February 2025

The global prevalence of viral diseases, including emerging threats like COVID-19 and persistent infections like HIV, underscores the need for effective antiviral solutions. While synthetic drugs remain crucial, challenges like resistance, toxicity, and cost necessitate alternative approaches. Medicinal plants, long used in traditional medicine, offer a rich source of antiviral compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids, targeting multiple stages of the viral life cycle. This review highlights the antiviral potential of 20 plants, focusing on mechanisms like entry inhibition, replication disruption, and immune modulation. Advances in molecular docking, high-throughput screening, and emerging technologies like nanotechnology and plant-based biopharmaceuticals further enhance their therapeutic promise. With broad-spectrum activity, affordability, and low toxicity, plant-derived antivirals represent a viable and sustainable complement to synthetic treatments, requiring further clinical validation.
Research methodology
Authors: Ann Udeh Chioma
Published: February 2025

This chapter provided information on the research design and method under the following headings: research design, research method and population of the study. It also provided information on the sampling size, sampling method and how they are determined. Furthermore, this chapter gave information on the instrument of the research and how they were applied in the process of data collections. Other important aspect of the methodology contained in the chapter are validity and reliability, and method of data analysis.
Data presentation and analysis
Authors: Ann Udeh Chioma
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the analysis of collected data and findings with respect to the customer engagement techniques in green spare parts initiatives. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) copies of the questionnaire were distributed and all copies of the questionnaire distributed were returned and validated for analysis.
HISSS (Herpetological Investigations: Systematic Serpentes Sourcebook)
Authors: Wallach Van
Published: February 2025

This database is intended to be a resource to aid in the identification of snakes from around the world. Although there are regional guides to snakes for most countries, very few exist for larger geographical regions (i.e. Europe, West Africa, East Africa, South Africa, Central America) and none cover the entire planet except superficially. The most comprehensive snake book is by O'Shea (2018) but only deals with 600 of the nearly 4300 currently recognized species and does not provide an identification key. There is a dearth of basic scale counts in the literature. Even among field guides, only a small proportion of them provide morphological data for the included species, the exceptions being publications that provide scale counts in addition to identification keys such as Stejneger (1907), Wall (1921), Taylor (1922), Pope (1935), Bourret (1936), Smith (1943), Silva (1980), Pérez-Santos & Moreno (1988, 1990), Zhao et al. (1998), Savage (2002), Carreira et al. (2005), Lang & Vogel (2005), Zhao (2006), Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2007a-b), Dixon & Lemos-Espinal (2010), Lemos-Espinal & Dixon (2010, 2016), Gaulke (2011), Lang (2011, 2013, 2017), McCranie (2011), Cox et al. (2013), Starace (2013), Cogger (2014), Stuebing et al. (2014), Pereira-Filho et al. (2017), Lemos-Espinal et al. (2018, 2019), Chippaux & Jackson (2019), Charlton (2020), Matsui & Mori (2021), Solórzano (2022), David et al. (2023), Spawls et al. (2023), Trape (2023), and Eipper & Eipper (2024).
TABIIY GAZLARNI H2S VA CO2 GAZLARDAN TOZALASHDA FOYDALANILADIGAN MITELDIETANOLAMIN (MDEA) ERITMASINI FILTRATSIYA JARAYONI UCHUN KOMPOZIT MEMBRANALI FILT SINTEZ QILISH
Authors: Anvarova Iroda Anvarovna , Elmurodov Rahmiddin Sodiqo‘g‘li , Xayitov Jonibek Kurbanovich
Published: February 2025

Amine solutions are widely used to remove sour components (primarily H2S and CO2) from natural gas and light hydrocarbon gases. Removal of solids from amine solutions is essential for the efficient operation of gas purification plants. In this work, flat-surface composite membranes were synthesized using a phase inversion method based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a ratio of 15:5:5 in the preparation of the composite membrane allowed an amine solution flux increase of 18% during the filtration process and a ~97% removal of mechanical particles from the amine solution. These results were proven to be associated with an increase in the porosity and hydrophilicity of the surface of the PVDF composite membranes.
ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE BREAST CANCER RELEVANCE WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FINDINGS
Authors: Khan Naseem , Batool Tahira , Dogar Aqsa , Javed Faqeeha , Riaz Muhammad , Ikram Iqra
Published: February 2025

Background: Invasive breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, requiring precise diagnostic approaches for effective management. Histopathological examination provides critical insights into tumor morphology and grade, while immunohistochemistry aids in identifying biomarkers essential for treatment decisions. The integration of these assessments enhances diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic planning. This study evaluates the relationship between histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers in invasive breast cancer to improve patient prognosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Objective: To assess the correlation between histopathological parameters and immunohistochemical markers in invasive breast cancer and evaluate their prognostic significance.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Khan Labs and Diagnostic Centre, Lahore, over six months, analyzing 300 female patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Tumor morphology, grading, lymphovascular invasion, and margin status were assessed using histopathology. Immunohistochemical analysis included estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, Ki-67 proliferation index, and p53 expression. Tumor classification was determined based on Nottingham grading criteria and ASCO/CAP guidelines for biomarker interpretation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests (p ≤ 0.05), and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations between histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters.
Results: Among 300 cases, 70% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 15% invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and 15% other subtypes. Tumor grading showed 40% low-grade, 35% intermediate-grade, and 25% high-grade tumors. Lymph node involvement was present in 45%, while lymphovascular invasion was observed in 20%. IHC analysis revealed ER positivity in 65%, PR positivity in 55%, and HER2 overexpression in 25%. The Ki-67 index was elevated (>14%) in 30% of cases, while p53 overexpression was noted in 20%. Molecular subtyping classified tumors as 40% Luminal A, 20% Luminal B, 25% HER2-enriched, and 15% triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in invasive breast cancer evaluation. The strong correlation between biomarker expression and tumor characteristics highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies. The findings reinforce the need for an integrated diagnostic approach to optimize prognosis and therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer management.
PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG OBESE PATIENTS IN BAHAWALPUR
Authors: Siddique Hamza , Siddique Zarqa , Umar Muhammad , Siddique Arbaz , Bilal Kamran , Bibi Ishrat
Published: February 2025

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major public health concern, significantly affecting individuals with obesity due to increased mechanical stress and systemic inflammation. Obesity has been strongly linked to conditions such as osteoarthritis, lower back pain, and joint dysfunction, leading to functional limitations and decreased quality of life. While extensive research has been conducted on the association between obesity and musculoskeletal disorders globally, limited data is available on its prevalence in specific populations, such as obese individuals in Bahawalpur. Understanding the extent and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders in this region is crucial for developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders among obese patients in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 obese individuals aged 30 to 70 years from Bahawalpur. Participants were selected using a simple convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using the validated NMQ, assessing pain and activity limitations in nine body regions. The responses were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders.
Results: Musculoskeletal disorders were reported in 78% of obese participants. The most commonly affected regions were the knees (78%), shoulders (67%), lower back (63%), and neck (62%). Additionally, 52.9% of participants were prevented from carrying out normal activities due to pain in the lower back, 51.4% in the shoulders, and 44.3% in the hips/thighs. Physician consultations for MSDs were sought by 55.7% of individuals with knee pain and 45.7% with neck and shoulder complaints.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was observed among obese patients, with the knees, shoulders, lower back, and neck being the most affected regions. These findings highlight the need for early intervention strategies, including weight management and rehabilitation programs, to reduce the burden of MSDs in obese individuals.
Recruiting the 'Tirupathi' in Serampore: the policy of Telugu migrants to construct an ethnic and cultural identity for themselves in the face of Bengali domination
Authors: Bhattacharyya Souradip
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to portray and analyze—through ethnographic study of the Tirupathi Puja of the Telugu migrants of Serampore—such processes through which the power-relation between the working-class migrants and the middle-class Bengalis are redefined by the migrants’ strife to assert their ethnic identity and establish a public sense of belonging in Serampore to claim equal rights in its public space.
Theoretical Study of the Electronic and Optical Properties of Polypyrrole (PPy) Polymer Nanoparticles Doped with TiO2 and ZnO
Authors: Jawad Huda M.
Published: February 2025

Designing suitable nanoparticles of polymer Polypyrrole (PPy) backbones to improve doping efficiency can provide a new direction in enhancing electronic and optical properties by enhancing the efficiency of doping (ZnO) and (TiO2). Objective: In this study geometry optimization in the gas phase, UV-visible, IR spectrum, and several electronic characteristics have been studied. All computations were based on density functional theory (DFT). Results showed the analysis of ultraviolet and visible spectra. A peak appears in the visible region, and this corresponds to transitions between electronic energy levels within the conjugated polymer chain. This peak is due to π-π* transitions, and these transitions are sensitive to doping levels and oxidation states. The results show the spectroscopic analysis highlights the interactions between TiO2 and PPy nanoparticles. TiO2 particles are characterized by energy gaps that define the absorption edge of the electromagnetic spectrum and thus affect the absorption spectrum of the material as a whole. These effects lead to changes in the locations of the absorption peaks, and this explains changes in the electronic structure and optical properties of these compounds. Transmittance spectra, HOMO and LUMO refer to the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital respectively band gaps of PPy, PPy/TiO2, and PPy/ZnO polymer nanocomposites are 3.8, 3.3 eV and 3.2 eV, respectively. All (PPy/TiO2 and PPy/ZnO) show a shift in the N–H peak of PPy.  The change in stretched peak positions indicates the significant bond formed between PPy and TiO2 as well as ZnO.  The bonding of TiO2 and ZnO with PPy polymers. Also observed TiO2 and ZnO are significantly at about (1100, 1300) cm−1 and (1500, 1900) cm−1, respectively.
Nanochitosan Conjugated with Paromomycin: Preparation, Characterization and Medical Application
Authors: Aldali Hajar Falih , Abbas Shatha Khudiar , Abd Ahmed  Naji
Published: February 2025

This study aims to prepare nanochitosan conjugated with paromomycin antibiotic and demonstrate its effect as a therapeutic agent against Entamoeba histolytica parasite in experimentally infected mice by studying the CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte cells. The nanomaterial was characterized using XRD examination, which indicated the formation of nanochitosan semicrystalline structure, including crystalline and amorphous. The biological results showed that CD4+ CD8+ had positive reactions. CD4+ was the most reactive biomarker than CD8+ that expresses the activation of T lymphocytes as a response to the E. histolytica infection, and these cells reduced as a response to the treatment showing the active effect of the Nanomaterial as a therapeutic agent against Entamoeba histolytica, parasite, this study is the first in its field to determine the effect of nanochitosan on lymphocytes in Entamoeba histolytica parasitic infection.
Volumen 1, Número 1, 2024 - Completo
Authors: Ake Uc Moises
Published: February 2025

Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024
Complete in a single PDF
Relationship between Enterprise Capabilities and Value Creation in Kenyan Owned Enterprises
Authors: Laiboni Susan Nyegera , Senaji Thomas Anyanje , King’oriah George Kinoti
Published: February 2025

Mining industry in countries such as Russia, Ukraine, United States of America, and Canada contribute highly to their GDP. In Africa countries such as South Africa, Namibia, and Tanzania, mining industry is continuously performing well. Studies show that Kenya has various types of gemstones, petroleum and minerals. However, reports indicate that Petroleum and Mining contributes less than 1% to GDP. This confirms that there are clear hindrances to value creation processes. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between capabilities and value creation in the Kenyan owned mining enterprises. The study was a cross sectional survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data from Kenyan owned mining enterprise, where both semi-structured and open-ended questions were used. A quantitative approach was employed in data analysis. The findings showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between capabilities and value creation in Kenyan owned enterprises in mining industry in Kenya. The study concluded that Kenyan owned enterprises, human capital capabilities and prospecting knowledge capabilities have an association with value creation.
Alcohol Use Related Consequences among Students in Selected Universities in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Rebecca Njambi
Published: February 2025

Alcohol use and abuse among the youths, particularly the university students, is an issue of public health concern. Alcohol abuse is associated with numerous negative consequences, which include being the primary cause of death among the youths in the world.  As a result, it was imperative to document the extent of the consequences experienced by university students in Kenya in order to inform on the policies and other interventions. The purpose of this study was to establish the consequences of alcohol use among students in selected universities in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to establish consequences of alcohol use and alcohol harm to others (AHTO). The study was carried out in 2014, in four purposively selected universities including 2 private faith-based universities and 2 public universities. The accessible population was 19,177 students from the main campuses of the four universities. The sample size was 380 students. About 374 students responded to a structured self-administered questionnaire. Effects of alcohol were measured by a set of 15 questions, while AHTO was measured by a set of 9 questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.  Adverse effects mostly reported were running broke (54.7%), feeling sad/depressed (49.6%), absconding classes (48.9%), getting poor grades (48.9%) and engaging in unplanned sexual activity (29.1%). AHTO experienced included   disturbed sleep (57.7%), distraction from studies (41.7%),   “baby sitting” drunk students (27.5%), strained relationships (34.8%), and sexual harassment (10.5%).  This study concluded that consequences of alcohol use are many and harmful. Secondly, other students who are not necessarily users are affected by alcohol use by their colleagues. Therefore, this study recommended that university managements and all the stake holders implement various measures to control consumption of alcohol among students in Kenyan universities and to protect others from experiencing AHTO.
Clients’ Perspective of Quality of Physiotherapy Healthcare Services Received at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Cheruiyot Davies Kipkurui , Tenambergen Wanja , Kawila Caroline
Published: February 2025

There are few studies in physiotherapy, and which are predominantly quantitative and questionnaire-based, that evaluate patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, perceived quality of physiotherapy services has been recognized to be dependent on a range of constructs among them; the manner in which information about care is recorded and used for evaluation purposes, and the way diverse needs of different stakeholders are considered. This paper sought to investigate the factors that influence perceived quality of physiotherapy healthcare services received by clients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). The researcher adopted   cross- sectional study and utilized mixed methods in data collection.  The study sampled both inpatient and outpatient clients receiving physiotherapy health care services at MTRH. Data from clients was collected using a structured questionnaire, while six key informants were interviewed using a key informant interview guide. Findings revealed that MTRH offers quality physiotherapy healthcare services as there was no significant differences among responses across all parameters under investigation. Approximately, forty two percent agreed that physiotherapy healthcare services were reliable. Nearly half of the respondents agreed that most of the healthcare workers at physiotherapy unit were always reliable. They also agreed that physiotherapy unit at MTRH was accessible. There was positive and significant correlation between physiotherapists’ skills, space and quality of physiotherapy healthcare services received at MTRH. The study recommended that MTRH management should develop a structured way of giving feedback to the clients receiving physiotherapy healthcare services; implement the patient service charter to ensure strict time management, both in the outpatient and inpatient units so that clients can have seamless service provision; and organize continuous professional development program for the physiotherapy staff to enhance their knowledge, skills and competences
Relationship between Family Responsibilities and Performance of Staff at University Libraries in Meru County
Authors: Kimoriot Maureen Jeruto , Gichohi Paul Maku , Nzioka Catherine Mueni
Published: February 2025

Library staff are obligated to run the day-to-day operations of university libraries by providing information materials to students and faculty to support learning and research as well as manage family needs like shopping, house management, and child care. For library staff to work effectively there is need for minimal interference of work from family responsibilities however, libraries operate throughout the year librarians are rooted within the university, leading to lack of work and family balance. Family responsibilities and work responsibilities require much attention of the university library staff leading to fatigue, burnout and poor job performance. This research aimed at examining the relationship between family responsibilities and work performance of university library staff. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of family responsibilities on the performance of university library staff. The research was anchored on spillover theory, and adopted a descriptive survey research design. Thirty eight (38) university library staff from (four) 4 universities in Meru County were selected as respondents using census method. Data was collected using questionnaires, and it was analyzed descriptively using inferential statistics. Results indicated that library employees perform well in the work place despite family responsibilities. The research concluded that family responsibilities affect university library staff work performance to a very small extent, thus they are able to carry out their work duties.  The research recommends that future studies be carried out to provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between family responsibilities and performance of university library staff in Kenya.
Factors Determining Successful Adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) in University Libraries: A case of Catholic University of Eastern Africa Library
Authors: Maina John , Gichohi Paul Maku , Muriira Lawrence Mwenda
Published: February 2025

The potential of Internet of Things technology to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness has been recognized across various sectors. However, its adoption in Kenyan university libraries remains limited. The primary aim of this study was to examine the factors that contribute to the successful adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa library. The ultimate goal was to identify these factors and provide recommendations for best practices in implementing IoT in the library setting. The Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use served as the guiding framework. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, this study focused on a target population of seven section head librarians and five hundred library patrons. Employing a qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews with a purposively selected university librarian, five section head librarians, and six focus group discussions (7 each), involving simple randomly sampled library patrons. Document analysis was also conducted. Content analysis and thematic categorization were used for data analysis. The study found that IoT adoption in CUEA libraries is limited by infrastructure challenges, training gaps, and organizational barriers. Robust infrastructure, user acceptance, staff training, and organizational support are key success factors for IoT adoption. The study recommends that CUEA libraries should partner with university departments to allocate resources for IoT implementation and establish training programs to enhance staff skills. The university administration should support libraries by removing organizational barriers, facilitating budgets, and creating a conducive environment for seamless IoT integration. Implementing these recommendations will enhance knowledge management capabilities and contribute to research and learning environments. This study's novelty lies in its focus on university libraries and its actionable recommendations for improving operations and services through IoT technology.
Effects of Socio-economic Status on Uptake of National Hospital Insurance Fund among Motorcycle Riders (Bodaboda) in Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Gimose Alice , Mapesa Job , Nyavanga Eunice
Published: February 2025

Not much is known about the extent to which bodaboda riders in Kenya contribute to the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) through out-of-pocket payments. Bodabodas address mobility needs, create employment opportunities for youth and supplement household income within the informal sector. Access to healthcare services is influenced by various factors including demographics, socio-economic status, and overall health. Disparities in healthcare financing across different socio-economic groups in Kenya have been an ongoing topic of discussion. This study aimed to investigate whether socio-economic factors play a role in determining NHIF subscriptions among bodaboda riders in Vihiga County, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among bodaboda riders in Vihiga County. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 384 participants, and interviewing for qualitative insights. The collected data encompassed socio-economic backgrounds and health insurance attributes. Analysis of the data was carried out using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with the SPSS (26).Target population was 10,000 bodabodas. A sample of 379 riders was interviewed, where (58%) were below 25 years of age, 60% lacked formal education, and 61% were responsible for school-going children. The findings indicated a significant correlation (p=0.004) between socio-economic factors and the adoption of NHIF medical coverage. However, the NHIF system did not receive substantial support from riders due to their limited income; 77% of the riders earned less than $60 per month, which hindered the social insurance scheme financial sustainability. In conclusion, the current health-financing model among motorcycle riders exhibits repressiveness due to the financial strain of substantial out-of-pocket expenses for medical treatment. To enhance equity and promote access to healthcare financing, there is an urgent need to come up with an affordable payment structure for boda boda riders, hence uplifting their livelihoods and viability of the NHIF system.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Utilization of Electronic Medical Record Systems in Selected Hospitals in Meru County
Authors: Ng'ang'a Mary
Published: February 2025

The deployment of Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMRs) has been on the rise in Kenya. Although there has been an increasing adoption of these systems in the country, quite a few studies have been conducted in Kenya to investigate utilization of Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMRs) among healthcare workers in facilities that have deployed such systems. The present study sought to address the challenge of inadequate knowledge regarding healthcare workers' EMR utilization rates and the challenges that they face when utilizing these systems in facilities where they have been adopted in Meru County, Kenya. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach and three hospitals in Meru County were selected for study. Thirty respondents, comprising nurses, clinical officers and doctors from the three selected hospitals, were interviewed to provide data. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequency statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and NVivo qualitative data analysis software. The findings revealed high rate of utilization of EMRs due to the mandatory requirements, improvement in patient outcomes and increased efficiency. However, network failure and system breakdown were reported to be key challenges in utilization of EMRs. The study recommends proper training of healthcare workers on use of EMRs and incorporation of enhanced EMRs security systems. The systems should also be upgraded frequently.
Impact of Family Counselling on the Psychological Well-Being of Cancer Patients attending Oncology Clinics in Meru County
Authors: Magambo Margaret Ndiah , Wachira Rebecca , Gichohi Paul Maku
Published: February 2025

Cancer patients face significant physical, emotional, and psychological challenges that impact their overall health, indicating unmet need for psychosocial support. Lack of psychological support worsens the well-being of cancer parents, and complicates medical treatment and recovery. Many oncology clinics lack sufficient mechanisms for engaging family members in helping patients navigate psychosocial challenges. Unfortunately, this undermines efforts by the Ministry of Health, which allocates resources and deploys qualified personnel for cancer management. In seeking solutions to this situation, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of family counselling on the psychological well-being of cancer patients attending oncology clinics in Meru County, Kenya. The study was anchored on social cognitive theory and utilized a convergent survey research design. The target population comprised 2580 cancer patients, 2580 caregivers and 53 clinicians; out of which 335 cancer patients, 40 caregivers and 6 clinicians were sampled. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data. The study adopted systematic, random and purposive sampling techniques in selecting subjects. Data collection tools were questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Reliability and validity were established accordingly. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic analysis were used to analyze data. Findings indicated that family counselling significantly reduced stigma, increased cancer knowledge and understanding, and consequently improved the psychological well-being of patients. The study recommended integration of family counselling into oncology clinics owing to its value in addressing family dynamics, enhancing decision-making, harmony, emotional, social, nutritional, financial and spiritual wellbeing, as well as other dimensions linked to cancer patient welfare. Clinicians, psychologists, and caregivers should prioritize a holistic approach in family counselling, encompassing comprehensive family involvement, continuous family members empowerment, coordinated decision-making, and family-tailored counselling sessions. Policies should prioritize adequate resources, cultural competence training, integrated family-centred services, and inter-professional collaborations to address challenges undermining cancer patients' psychological well-being.