bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basal cell carcinoma: Epidemiological impact of clinical versus histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Backman Eva , Oxelblom Maria , Gillstedt Martin , Dahlén Gyllencreutz Johan , Paoli John
Published: November 2022

Background

Low‐risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are to an increasing extent diagnosed by dermatologists through dermoscopic examination only and treated with non‐surgical methods. Reports on increasing incidence as well as trends regarding subtypes, anatomical sites and differences related to gender are based solely on histopathologically verified tumours. How unreported clinically diagnosed BCCs affect the epidemiological data has not been sufficiently investigated.

Objectives

To analyse the tumour and patient characteristics of clinically diagnosed versus histopathologically confirmed primary BCCs and to make a gross estimate on how unreported BCCs could influence the total number of new cases.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all primary BCCs diagnosed in 2016 at the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. We also reviewed all histopathologically verified primary BCCs at the two largest pathology laboratories in Western Sweden during the same year to estimate the proportion of BCCs diagnosed by dermatologists.

Results

In total, 2365 primary BCCs were diagnosed at our centre. More than half of these tumours were clinically diagnosed (55.8%). Superficial subtype (41.7%), location on the trunk (46.3%) and destructive treatment methods (60.0%) were most common. The reports from the two pathology laboratories showed that histopathologically verified BCCs (n = 5837) were more commonly of the infiltrative or nodular subtype and located in the head and neck area. Dermatologists managed 56.0% of them.

Conclusions

This study indicates that a substantial number of BCCs are not visualized in the official statistics which are solely based on reports from pathology laboratories. When taking clinically diagnosed tumours into account, truncal location and superficial subtype are more common than previously believed. Further, based on the regional calculations, the real burden of BCC in Sweden might be up to 70% higher than what is reported in official statistics.
Immune checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy for melanoma: A patient‐oriented cross‐sectional comparative multicentre study
Authors: Thiem Alexander , Mashhadiakbar Pegah , Cussigh Christiane , Hassel Jessica C. , Grimmelmann Imke , Gutzmer Ralf , Schlaak Max , Heppt Markus V. , Dücker Pia , Hüning Svea , Schulmeyer Lena , Schilling Bastian , Haferkamp Sebastian , Ziemer Mirjana , Moritz Rose K. C. , Hagelstein Victoria , Terheyden Patrick , Posch Christian , Gaiser Maria R. , Kropp Peter , Emmert Steffen , Müller Britta , Tietze Julia K.
Published: November 2022

Background

Choosing the adequate systemic treatment for melanoma is driven by clinical parameters and personal preferences.

Objective

Evaluation of the impact of disease and treatment on the daily life of patients receiving systemic therapy for melanoma.

Methods

A German‐wide, cross‐sectional comparative study was conducted at 13 specialized skin cancer centres from 08/2020 to 03/2021. A questionnaire was distributed to assess patients' perception of disease and symptoms, the impact of their current treatment on quality of life (QOL) and activities, adverse events (AEs), therapeutic visits, as well as believe in and satisfaction with their current systemic melanoma treatment. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were rated on a continuous numerical rating scale or selected from a given list.

Results

Four hundred and fourteen patients with systemic melanoma therapy were included. 359 (87%) received immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and 55 (13%) targeted therapy (TT). About 1/3 of patients were adjuvantly treated, the remaining because of unresectable/metastatic melanoma. In subgroup analyses, only in the adjuvant setting, TT patients reported a significant decrease in their treatment associated QOL compared to patients with ICI (p = 0.02). Patients with TT were 1.9 times more likely to report AEs than patients with ICI, a difference being significant just for the adjuvant setting (p = 0.01). ICI treatment intervals differed significantly between adjuvant and unresectable/metastatic setting (p = 0.04), though all patients, regardless of their specific ICI drug, evaluated their treatment frequency as adequate. TT patients with dabrafenib/trametinib (n = 37) or encorafenib/binimetinib (n = 15) did not differ regarding the strain of daily pill intake. Patients older than 63 years rated various PROs better than younger patients.

Conclusions

Patients evaluated their treatment mainly positively. ICI might be preferred over TT regarding QOL and patient‐reported AEs in the adjuvant setting. Older melanoma patients appeared to be less impacted by their disease and more satisfied with their treatment.
Factors influencing defensive medicine‐based decision‐making in primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Strobel Christina J. , Oldenburg Dorothee , Steinhäuser Jost
Published: November 2022

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

Medical decision‐making processes in primary care are influenced by defensive medical practice. This involves a high possibility for negative consequences on many levels, for example, patient's health, health care system costs and a crisis of trust in the patient−doctor relationship. Aim of this review was to identify factors of defensive medicine‐based decision‐making in primary care.

Methods

This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines and included systematic research on MEDLINE, Google Scholar and two German databases for additional grey literature. References provided further literature. Articles in English and German published from 1 January 1982 to 15 June 2022 were assessed.

Results

From 911 publications screened, 13 publications [6 qualitative studies and 7 quantitative (3 cross‐sectional) studies] were included. In these, four main categories of factors influencing defensive medical practice were identified: (social) media, patients adopting a consumer attitude, health care system based working conditions and physician's tolerance for uncertainty. Pressure deriving from these four different sources is exerted on the general practitioner and may result in a defensive medical decision behaviour.

Conclusions

Four categories on influencing factors of defensive medicine could be identified. Strategies to tolerate uncertainty should be trained in under‐ and postgraduate training.
The challenge of service planning and development without adequate data: The case for orthotic services
Authors: Eddison Nicola , Scott David A. , Pankhurst Christian , Chockalingam Nachiappan
Published: November 2022

The UK National Health Service (NHS) employs a group of 14 separate allied health professions. Prosthetics and orthotics are the smallest of these professions. Although small, orthotics is integral to many clinical care pathways and has shown to provide an essential impact on a range of clinical conditions in the health service priority lists. Previous reports acknowledged the lack of data on the UK prosthetic and orthotic workforce, appointment outcomes and cost and the service users accessing such services and thus the challenges that it poses for effective service delivery. There is still a paucity of relevant data or initiatives to support the service provision. The work within this paper has taken the first step to address this gap, presenting a summary of the information relating to appointments and costs, and provides a discussion on the implications of variations across the NHS orthotic services within England in terms of spend, staffing and skill mix for orthotic services and service users and the need for further data on service users and the UK prosthetic and orthotic workforce.
Three‐dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
Authors: Kjærås Halvor , Baktoft Henrik , Silva Ana T. , Gjelland Karl Øystein , Økland Finn , Forseth Torbjørn , Szabó‐Mészáros Marcell , Calles Olle
Published: November 2022

The global population of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is rapidly declining, and migration barriers in rivers are believed to be one of several key causes. While progress has been made in the development of bypass solutions, they are often constructed based on a limited knowledge of swimming behaviour. A bypass close to the stream bed is often recommended at fish passage facilities to accommodate downstream eel migration. The results of this recommendation are poorly studied, and the few studies that exist show varying bypass efficiencies. The current study used acoustic telemetry with depth sensors to explore the three‐dimensional migratory behaviour of downstream‐migrating silver eels. The eels were tracked as they approached a hydropower plant with a state‐of‐the‐art angled bar rack and full‐depth bypass. Downstream and upstream swimming differed in preferred vertical and lateral positions. During periods of local downstream movement, the density of observations was largest in the upper middle section, away from the river boundaries and in higher velocities. Conversely, when moving upstream, eels tended to avoid the upper layers of the middle part of the river, swimming closer to the riverbed and using the bank areas to a greater extent. Downstream‐moving fish swam higher in the water column during night and in turbid conditions (high discharge). When approaching the impassable bar rack and the full‐depth bypass, the eels searched most intensely but not exclusively along the bottom third of the rack, often exploring at new depths after changing direction. The impediment passage efficiency was 100% when both bypass solutions were considered. The study provides knowledge of the swimming behaviour of silver eels, which is relevant for the design of bypass solutions for eels at migration barriers.
Allometric growth and larval development in Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru under culture conditions
Authors: Peña Renato , McGregor‐Bravo Carlos U. , Contreras‐Olguín Mauricio
Published: November 2022

Allometric growth is a common feature during fish larval development. It has been proposed as a growth strategy to prioritize the development of body segments related to primordial functions like feeding and swimming to increase the probability of survival during this critical period. In the present study we evaluated the allometric growth patterns of body segments associated to swimming and feeding during the larval stages of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. The larvae were kept under intensive culture conditions and sampled every day from hatching until day 33 after hatching. Each larva was classified according to its developmental stage into yolk‐sac larva, preflexion larva, flexion larva or postflexion larva, measured and the allometric growth coefficient of different body segments was evaluated using the potential model. Based on the results we can infer the presence of different ontogenetic priorities during the first developmental stages associated with vital functions like swimming during the yolk‐sac stage [total length (TL) interval = 2.27–3.005 mm] and feeding during the preflexion stage (TL interval = 3.007–5.60 mm) by promoting the accelerated growth of tail (post anal) and head, respectively. In the flexion stage (TL interval = 5.61–7.62 mm) a change in growth coefficients of most body segments compared to the previous stage was detected, suggesting a shift in growth priorities. Finally, in the postflexion stage (TL interval = 7.60–15.48 mm) a clear tendency to isometry in most body segments was observed, suggesting that growth priorities have been fulfilled and the larvae will initiate with the transformation into a juvenile. These results provide a framework of the larval growth of L. peru in culture conditions which can be useful for comparative studies with other species or in aquaculture to evaluate the changes in larval growth due to new conditions or feeding protocols.
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of dietary fiber from the sweetest variety Queen pineapple waste of Tripura (India)
Authors: Dhar Payel , Deka Sankar Chandra
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to assess the functional attributes of dietary fiber (DF) from the sweetest variety of Queen pineapple of Tripura Region (India) having high pleasant aroma and flavor. Queen pineapple peel waste was used to extract DF, which is one of the important bioactive compounds in the human diet and health. The ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to compare the traditional alkali extraction method for extracting DF from Queen pineapple peel waste. The extracted DF was further examined for its functional attributes. The parameters used for UAE of DF were optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that Queen pineapple peel waste was having a significant amount of DF and had a high potential in food processing. The conventional alkaline extraction yielded 64.43% DF, whereas the UAE method yielded 86.67% after 22.35 min of sonication with a solid: liquid ratio of 27.5 g/ml and a 46.9% ultrasonic amplitude. UAE improved the functional attributes of DF by significantly increasing the water holding and swelling capacities while decreasing the oil holding capacity. The cation exchange capacity, glucose adsorption capacity, and glucose dialysis retardation index were enhanced considerably by UAE, whereas the emulsifying capacity decreased. Results of the present investigation corroborate that Queen pineapple waste extracted DF could be used as a potential hypoglycemic agent for functional food ingredients in bread and bakery‐based products, meat‐based products, dairy‐based beverages, and other products of food application.
The impact of living through COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health, food insecurity, loneliness and health behaviours in people with obesity
Authors: Brown Adrian , Flint Stuart W. , Dicken Samuel J. , Kalea Anastasia Z. , O'Kane Mary , Williams Simon , Wong Erika , Batterham Rachel L.
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted people living with obesity. The aim was to examine the continued impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of people living with obesity and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours.

Methods

The study recruited 1187 UK adults living with obesity who completed an online survey, which examined mental health and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours from July 2020 (end of the first lockdown in the United Kingdom) to the point they completed the survey in 2021. Regression analyses were used to examine relationships between outcome variables and demographic factors, and hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess levels of loneliness, depression and well‐being.

Results

Participants reported worse loneliness, depression, well‐being and food insecurity compared to pre‐COVID. However, participants reported attempting to lose weight, healthier food shopping, diet and increased physical activity. Quality and quantity of sleep deteriorated compared to prior to COVID‐19.

Conclusions

Adults living with obesity in the United Kingdom report a continued negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic upon their mental health together with increased loneliness and food insecurity. However, our findings suggest that UK adults living with obesity have increased their engagement in positive health behaviours and were attempting to lose weight.
Intellectual disabilities moderate sex/gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saure E. , Castrén M. , Mikkola K. , Salmi J.
Published: November 2022

Background

Girls/women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are suggested to exhibit different symptom profiles than boys/men with ASD. Accumulating evidence suggests that intellectual disability (ID) may affect sex/gender differences in ASD. However, a systematic review and meta‐analysis on this topic is missing.

Methods

Two databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to search for studies reporting sex/gender differences (girls/women versus boys/men) in social communication and interaction, restrictive and repetitive behaviour and interests (RRBIs), sensory processing, and linguistic and motor abilities in ASD. The final sample consisted of 79 studies. The meta‐analysis was performed with Review Manager using a random‐effects model. Participants with ASD without and with ID were analysed as separate subgroups, and the effects in these two subgroups were also compared with each other.

Results

Girls/women with ASD without ID displayed fewer RRBIs, more sensory symptoms and less problems in linguistic abilities than their boys/men counterparts. In contrast, girls/women with ASD with ID displayed more social difficulties and RRBIs, poorer linguistic abilities and more motor problems than boys/men with ASD with ID. Comparisons of groups of participants with ASD without ID versus participants with ASD with ID confirmed differences in sex/gender effects on social difficulties, sensory processing, linguistic abilities and motor abilities.

Conclusions

Our results clearly suggest that the female phenotype of ASD is moderated by ID. Among individuals with ASD with ID, girls/women seem to be more severely affected than boys/men, whereas among individuals with ASD without ID, girls/women with ASD may have less symptoms than boys/men. Such phenotypic differences could be a potential cause of underrecognition of girls/women with ASD, and it is also possible that observed phenotypic differences may reflect underdiagnosing of girls/women with ASD.
Smooth Transitions: Enhancing Interprofessional Collaboration when Planned Community Births Transfer to Hospital Care
Authors: Hays Karen , Denmark Melissa , Levine Audrey , de Regt Roberta Haynes , Andersen H. Frank , Weiss Karen
Published: November 2022

In Washington state, planned community births are attended by direct entry licensed midwives (LMs) and certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs). The most recently published vital statistics data from 2018 reported that 3.6% of the 84,648 births in Washington occurred at home or in freestanding birthing centers. Approximately 16.2% of planned home birth and birth center clients experience intrapartum or early postpartum transfer to the hospital, while 1.8% of their newborns do. The safety of and satisfaction with these types of referrals depends on multisystem processes performed by a variety of health care professionals. Smooth Transitions is a quality improvement (QI) initiative in Washington state that was developed to enhance interprofessional collaboration between community‐based midwives, emergency medical services (EMS), and hospital personnel to improve the quality of hospital transfers from planned community settings. Key interventions to date have included (1) information sharing to dispel misconceptions and provide context regarding community births and midwives; (2) co‐creation of transfer guidelines; (3) regularly held interprofessional meetings to review transfers and build relationships; and (4) ongoing review of qualitative feedback that captures the perspectives of all involved. Responses on questionnaires and audits indicate that Smooth Transitions has had a positive impact on provider, staff, and patient experiences with hospital transfers. Future endeavors will include strengthening quantitative data collection processes to measure safety indicators, expanding relationships with EMS, and building a case review process that is legally protected. By engaging representatives of all stakeholder groups and addressing community‐to‐hospital transfers as a multisystems issue, replication of the Smooth Transitions QI Program nationally could promote increased community midwifery integration by enhancing the referral experience for both patients and caregivers.
Fitting fangs in a finite face: A novel fang accommodation strategy in a 280‐million‐year‐old ray‐finned fish
Authors: Figueroa Rodrigo T. , Andrews James V.
Published: November 2022

Though Paleozoic ray‐finned fishes are considered to be morphologically conservative, we report a novel mode of fang accommodation (i.e., the fitting of fangs inside the jaw) in the Permian actinopterygian †Brazilichthys macrognathus, whereby the teeth of the lower jaw insert into fenestrae of the upper jaw. To better understand how fishes have accommodated lower jaw fangs through geologic time, we synthesize the multitude of ways living and extinct osteichthyans have housed large mandibular dentition. While the precise structure of fang accommodation seen in †Brazilichthys has not been reported in any other osteichthyans, alternate strategies of upper jaw fenestration to fit mandibular fangs are present in some extant ray‐finned fishes—the needlejaws Acestrorhynchus and the gars of the genus Lepisosteus. Notably, out of our survey, only the two aforementioned neopterygians bear upper jaw fenestration for the accommodation of mandibular fangs. We implicate the kinetic jaws of neopterygians in this trend, whereby large mandibular fangs are more easily fit between the multitude of upper jaw and palatal bones. The restricted space available in early osteichthyan jaws may have led to a proliferation of novel ways to accommodate large dentition. We recommend a greater survey of Paleozoic actinopterygian jaw morphology, in light of these results and other recent reevaluations of jaw structure in early fossil ray‐fins.
Maternal vaccination—current status, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Kurasawa Kentaro
Published: November 2022

Aim

Maternal vaccination is a promising strategy for protecting pregnant women and newborns against severe infections. This review aims to describe the current status and challenges associated with maternal vaccination against seasonal influenza, tetanus‐diphtheria‐pertussis (Tdap/DTaP), and novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) in Japan and other countries, mainly the United States and the United Kingdom.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed and other public websites (e.g., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) to obtain information on maternal vaccination.

Results

Inactivated vaccines are recommended for pregnant women by gynecologic societies in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Among pregnant Japanese women, the influenza and COVID‐19 (two doses) vaccine coverage rates were 27.0%–53.5% (six studies) and 73.6% (one study), respectively; there are no studies on maternal vaccination with DTaP. Concerns regarding vaccine safety are a major barrier to maternal vaccination across countries. Maternal vaccination is effective in preventing severe disease in pregnant women and protecting infants aged <6 months, is generally safe, and does not increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Providing accurate information regarding vaccination through healthcare providers and the government and government funding for vaccines may help improve maternal vaccination rates in Japan.

Conclusion

Current coverage for maternal vaccination is still low globally mainly because of vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women. The government, drug‐regulatory authorities, and healthcare professionals must educate pregnant women about the effectiveness and safety of maternal vaccines and encourage vaccination when the benefits outweigh the risks.
Fetal heart rate patterns complicated by chorioamnionitis and subsequent cerebral palsy in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi‐Goto Tomoko , Ohashi Masanao , Kodama Yuki , Sameshima Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Aim

This retrospective study was performed to investigate whether certain fetal heart rate patterns were associated with subsequent cerebral palsy (CP) in infants with chorioamnionitis at or near term.

Methods

We used cases registered by the Japan Obstetric Compensation System for CP, which is a nationwide population‐based database. Among them, 133 infants with chorioamnionitis who were born at ≥34 weeks of gestation were enrolled. All infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and all fetal heart rate charts had been interpreted according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development criteria, focusing on antepartum and immediately before delivery.

Results

The incidence of CP after chorioamnionitis at ≥34 weeks of gestation was 0.3 per 10 000 in Japan. Between the clinical (24%) and subclinical groups (76%), the incidence of abnormal fetal heart rate patterns did not differ. According to the MRI classification, 88% of the infants with CP showed hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Half of the infants with CP experienced terminal bradycardia, leading to severe acidosis and exclusively to hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. In another half, who did not experience bradycardia, 80% had moderate acidosis (pH 7.00–7.20) resulting in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, and the remaining 20% showed non‐acidosis resulting in brain damage other than hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. The fetal heart rate patterns before the terminal bradycardia showed that the incidence rates of late deceleration or decreased variability were high (>60%).

Conclusion

Fifty percent of pregnant women with chorioamnionitis‐related CP had terminal bradycardia that exclusively resulted in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Mental Maps of Eastern Europe: States, Mentalities, Modernisation
Authors: Varga Mihai
Published: November 2022

Eastern Europe has been the object of orientalising discourses portraying it as a region defined by problematic statehood, underdevelopment, and nationalist‐religious warmongering. These discourses have produced 19th‐century mental maps of Europe contrasting a perceived ‘core’ European area ending with the Frankish Empire's eastern border and coinciding with later Enlightenment influence and an indistinct ‘Orient’ or ‘East’, bypassed by “modernising” processes. This contribution focuses on (post‐)Cold War discourses in social science and shows how these discourses re‐produce 19th‐century layers of orientalising map‐making and keep East‐West differences alive by tracing deficient, fragile or repressive state institutions back to alleged Eastern European ‘mentalities’.
Input Price Discrimination, Two‐Part Tariffs and Bargaining*
Authors: Pinopoulos Ioannis N.
Published: November 2022

I investigate the welfare effects of input price discrimination when an upstream supplier bargains over secret two‐part tariffs with two cost‐asymmetric downstream firms. I find that these welfare effects depend on the identity of the supplier's partner in negotiations after the ban. When the supplier bargains the common contract with the more cost‐efficient firm, then a ban on discrimination may increase welfare. In that case, there is below‐cost pricing in the upstream market despite strategic complementarity in the downstream market. When the supplier bargains the common contract with the less cost‐efficient downstream firm, banning discrimination always decreases welfare.
Protein foods from animal sources and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in representative cohorts from North and South China
Authors: Zhang Shunming , Yan Yan , Meng Ge , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Wu Hongmei , Gu Yeqing , Wang Xuena , Zhang Juanjuan , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Borné Yan , Qi Lu , Chen Yu‐Ming , Niu Kaijun
Published: November 2022

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that animal protein foods may increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We therefore examined the NAFLD risk reduction related to substituting plant protein foods for animal protein foods.

Methods

The cohort in North China included 14,541 participants from the Tianjin Chronic Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study, and the cohort in South China included 1297 participants from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. NAFLD was ascertained by abdominal ultrasound. The Cox model was used to fit the substitution analysis.

Results

In the TCLSIH cohort, when replacing one type of animal protein food (eggs, processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish) with an equivalent serving of plant protein foods (nuts, legumes, and whole grains), the replacement of animal protein foods with whole grains showed the strongest benefit; substituting one serving per day of whole grains for an equal amount of eggs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.00), processed meat (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), unprocessed red meat (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00), poultry (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92), or fish (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. In both the TCLSIH and GNHS cohorts, replacing poultry with fish, nuts, legumes, or whole grains was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. When different numbers of protein foods were simultaneously replaced, the risk reduction of NAFLD was stronger.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that replacing animal protein foods with plant protein foods is related to a significant reduction in NAFLD risk.
The ‘legal’ in socio‐legal history: Woods and Pirie v. Cumming Gordon
Authors: DERRY CAROLINE
Published: November 2022

This article explores the Scottish defamation case Woods and Pirie v. Cumming Gordon (1810–1812) in order to demonstrate the value of legal readings across the broadest spectrum of socio‐legal history. While the case has attracted attention from social historians, particularly historians of sexuality, it was shrouded in secrecy and thus did not contribute to the development of legal doctrine. Nonetheless, careful attention to the specifically legal nature of the archive and proceedings deepens our understanding of them and their social implications. Woods and Pirie concerned an allegation of lesbianism made by a half‐Indian, half‐Scottish schoolgirl against her teachers. Its extensive records offer particularly rich material relating to gender, sexuality, race, nationality, and empire, the significance and limitations of which are only fully grasped if it is analysed with an understanding of its legal context. Ultimately, such engagements also expand our knowledge of the law's operation.
Just noticeable difference in sweetness perception of cola: Small changes in sugar are noticeable
Authors: Valicente Vinicius M. , Sharpe Kassidy B. , Gletsu‐Miller Nana , Running Cordelia A.
Published: November 2022

Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption contributes to obesity and related diseases. Fortunately, beverages with reduced sweetness are a growing category in the beverage industry. These lower sweetness products could be useful for reducing the total dietary intake of sugar, but publicly available data are sparse on how much sweetness can be reduced without the change becoming noticeable to consumers. We investigated the just noticeable difference (JND) in sweetness of a cola‐flavored carbonated beverage. Two sensory tests were conducted to detect the JND from 12.00% w/w sucrose. In each test, we used cola‐flavored seltzer water with five decreasing sucrose concentrations (test 1:8.02–12.00% w/w; test 2:10.21–12.00% w/w). In both tests, samples were paired with the 12.00% reference, and participants were instructed to identify the sweeter sample. Participants correctly identified the reference sample at 10.21% in test one (p = .0039) and at 10.89% (p = .014) in test two. The data indicate that in a cola beverage, sucrose can be reduced by ~9.25% of the original concentration (12.00–10.89% w/w) before the sweetness becomes apparent to consumers. However, further work should consider whether sugar reductions greater than 9.25% would be acceptable, even if the difference in sweetness is apparent.

Practical Applications

These data could help researchers and industry product developers know how much sugar can be reduced from a cola‐flavored beverage before the change is apparent to consumers.
Continuous light exposure influences luteinization and luteal function of ovary in ICR mice
Authors: Li Xiao‐Long , Zhu Hai‐Jing , Zhang Qin , Li Yong‐Shi , Li Yan‐Chu , Feng Xie , Yuan Rui‐Ying , Sha Qian‐Qian , Ma Jun‐Yu , Luo Shi‐Ming , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Chen Lei‐Ning , Ou Xiang‐Hong
Published: November 2022

With the rapid change of people's lifestyle, more childbearing couples live with irregular schedules (i.e., staying up late) and suffer from decreased fertility and abortion, which can be caused by luteal phase defect (LPD). We used continuous light‐exposed mice as a model to observe whether continuous light exposure may affect luteinization and luteal function. We showed that the level of progesterone in serum reduced (p < .001), the number of corpus luteum (CL) decreased (p < .01), and the expressions of luteinization‐related genes (Lhcgr, Star, Ptgfr, and Runx2), clock genes (Clock and Per1), and Mt1 were downregulated (p < .05) in the ovaries of mice exposed to continuous light, suggesting that continuous light exposure induces defects in luteinization and luteal functions. Strikingly, injection of melatonin (3 mg/kg) could improve luteal functions in continuous light‐exposed mice. Moreover, we found that, after 2 h of hCG injection, the level of pERK1/2 in the ovary decreased in the continuous light group, but increased in the melatonin administration group, suggesting that melatonin can improve LPD caused by continuous light exposure through activating the ERK1/2 pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate that continuous light exposure affects ovary luteinization and luteal function, which can be rescued by melatonin.
Computed tomographic findings in dogs with suspected aspiration pneumonia: 38 cases (2014‐2019)
Authors: Constantinescu R. , Istrate A. , Sumping J. C. , Dye C. , Schiborra F. , Mortier J. R.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings in dogs diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia and to assess for any correlation with patient outcome.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of 38 cases with a presumptive diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia at two UK referral centres. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination and clinicopathologic data. CT examinations of the thorax were reviewed by the European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging board‐certified radiologist for all dogs to describe the characteristics and distribution of the pulmonary lesions.

Results

The most common CT findings were lung lobe consolidation associated with air bronchograms (100%) followed by ground‐glass attenuation (89.4%), bronchial wall thickening (36.8%), bronchiolectasis (31.5%) and bronchiectasis (15.7%). Large‐breed dogs were overrepresented. Duration of hospitalisation ranged between 0 and 8 days (mean 3 days). Overall, 89.4% of dogs survived the aspiration event and were discharged from the hospital. The four dogs that did not survive to discharge had five or more lobes affected on CT.

Clinical Significance

CT findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia are described. CT is a useful imaging modality to diagnose aspiration pneumonia.
Recovery of Salmonella bacterial isolates from pooled fecal samples from horses
Authors: Goni Jose I. , Hendrix Kenitra , Kritchevsky Janice
Published: November 2022

Background

It is important to determine if a horse is shedding Salmonella spp., but a complete culture series can be cost prohibitive.

Objectives

Determine the optimal pooling technique to maintain high sensitivity of Salmonella spp. culture using spiked samples, and then demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol on clinical submissions.

Hypothesis

Pooled fecal samples are as sensitive as 5 individual cultures for the detection of Salmonella shedding.

Animals

A single Salmonella‐negative horse from the university herd, and 19 hospitalized horses.

Methods

Salmonella‐free fecal samples were spiked with different amounts of Salmonella spp. (102, 103, 104, and 105 colony forming units [cfu]) and homogenized to evaluate pooled samples. Five individual fecal samples were collected from 19 hospitalized horses. Ten‐gram aliquots of each individual sample were combined to make a pooled sample. Both individual and pooled samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. The identity of bacterial isolates was confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.

Results

A 102 cfu concentration of Salmonella spp. could be recovered from a spiked Salmonella‐free fecal sample. Homogenization protocols indicated that the addition of 20 mL of broth to the pooled sample improved recovery, whereas homogenization time did not. Of the 19 horses tested, 5 were positive for Salmonella. In all instances, Salmonella spp. were recovered from the fecal pool as well as individual samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Pooling of 5 fecal samples for Salmonella culture is a sensitive and cost‐effective diagnostic approach to detect horses that are shedding the organism.
Society for Medical Anthropology Statement on Supreme Court Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization Decision
Authors: Buchbinder Mara , Mishtal Joanna , Singer Elyse O. , Wendland Claire L.
Published: November 2022

This statement summarizes key findings from anthropological and related scholarship on the harmful consequences of inadequate abortion access, leading the Society for Medical Anthropology to register profound concern about the recent Supreme Court decision inDobbs v. Jackson. After circulation to SMA members for input, a finalized version passed a membership vote by an overwhelming margin. This statement complements one produced by the Council for Anthropology and Reproduction,available here.
Towards automatic detection and classification of orca (Orcinus orca) calls using cross‐correlation methods
Authors: Palmero Stefano , Guidi Carlo , Kulikovskiy Vladimir , Sanguineti Matteo , Manghi Michele , Sommer Matteo , Pesce Gaia
Published: November 2022

Orcas (Orcinus orca) are known for complex vocalization. Their social structure consists of pods with unique call repertoires and clans sharing vocal traditions. Call repertoires are typically established visually and aurally and are used for pod identification. Automatic tools are, however, more suited for large data sets. An Icelandic orca pod occurring in 2019 in the Ligurian Sea provided a unique occasion for collecting recordings of an isolated pod in natural conditions. Recordings were analyzed visually and aurally to create a pod catalog. The R package “warbleR” was used for the first time on a small subsample of orca data to automatically detect sound samples and classify sound types. We found cross‐correlation methods with the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) to successfully classify sound types, though false positives occur. We compared our catalog to Icelandic and Antarctic ones checking for similarities and dissimilarities. We found five matches in the Icelandic catalog, two of which had high PCCs ranges (0.62–0.67; 0.60–0.65). Our automatic approach was limited by background noise and variability of orca vocalizations, and it was computationally demanding. We show cross‐correlation methods with the PCC can be a powerful tool to verify audio‐visual repertoire matches between orca from different regions.
Turnip crinkle virus‐encoded suppressor of RNA silencing interacts with Arabidopsis SGS3 to enhance virus infection
Authors: Liu Linyu , Wang Haiyan , Fu Yan , Tang Wen , Zhao Pingjuan , Ren Yanli , Liu Zhixin , Wu Kunxin , Zhang Xiuchun
Published: November 2022

Most plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to protect themselves from antiviral RNA silencing in host plants. The capsid protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a well‐characterized VSR, whereas SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3) is an important plant‐encoded component of the RNA silencing pathways. Whether the VSR activity of TCV CP requires it to engage SGS3 in plant cells has yet to be investigated. Here, we report that TCV CP interacts with SGS3 of Arabidopsis in both yeast and plant cells. The interaction was identified with the yeast two‐hybrid system, and corroborated with bimolecular fluorescence complementation and intracellular co‐localization assays in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. While multiple partial TCV CP fragments could independently interact with SGS3, its hinge domain connecting the surface and protruding domains appears to be essential for this interaction. Conversely, SGS3 enlists its N‐terminal domain and the XS rice gene X and SGS3 (XS) domain as the primary CP‐interacting sites. Interestingly, SGS3 appears to stimulate TCV accumulation because viral RNA levels of a TCV mutant with low VSR activities decreased in the sgs3 knockout mutants, but increased in the SGS3‐overexpressing transgenic plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TCV CP exhibited developmental abnormalities that resembled sgs3 knockout mutants and caused similar defects in the biogenesis of trans‐acting small interfering RNAs. Our data suggest that TCV CP interacts with multiple RNA silencing pathway components that include SGS3, as well as previously reported DRB4 (dsRNA‐binding protein 4) and AGO2 (ARGONAUTE protein 2), to achieve efficient suppression of RNA silencing‐mediated antiviral defence.
Professionalising care into compliance: The challenge for personalised care models
Authors: Cole Clare , Mummery Jane , Peck Blake
Published: November 2022

One of the most basic understandings of nursing is that a nurse is a caregiver for a patient who helps to prevent illness, treat health conditions, and manage the physical needs of patients. Nursing is often presented as a caring profession, which provides patient care driven by ideals of empathy, compassion and kindness. These ideals of care have further been foregrounded through the development and implementation of stress on patient centred care (PCC) and/or person‐centred practice (PCP). Although the idealisation of nursing as a caring profession is common, and one certainly seen as integral by nurses and written into the heart of regulatory documentation, we contend that the actual delivery of care is being undercut by the very regulatory climate that strives to professionalise care. As we outline, with specific reference to the context of Australian Nursing, this transformation delivers a commodified, even McDonaldized, model of patient management rather than care. It seems that even with its explicit stress on PCC and PCP, Australian Nursing cannot live up to its own care ideals. Having outlined this problem, the paper then demonstrates the ways in which PCC is thwarted at the coal face of nursing practice and that there must be an institutionalised change to be able to provide genuine patient‐centred care.
Radiation‐induced osteosarcoma involving the mandible—Report of a rare diagnosis
Authors: Mahmood Hanya , Hankinson Paul , Andrew David , Nusrath Muzzammil , Khurram Syed Ali
Published: November 2022

Background

Radiation‐induced osteosarcomas of the jaws are a rare but often fatal consequence of radiation therapy in the head and neck region. Here we present a case of radiation‐induced osteosarcoma of the mandible.

Case Presentation

A male presented with severe trismus and marked left lingual alveolus expansion 1 year following extractions in the lower left quadrant. Four years previously, he had radical radiotherapy (70Gy) and chemotherapy for a p16‐positive T1N2cM0 squamous cell carcinoma of the left tonsil with a positive left level II node. Initial bone biopsies of the left mandible showed a bony sequestrum suggestive of osteoradionecrosis with the presence of abnormal osteoid suspicious of osteosarcoma. Imaging demonstrated an abnormal exophytic bone‐forming lesion in the left mandibular body and parasymphysis and ruled out a metastatic lesion. The patient underwent bilateral neck dissection, left mandibulectomy with fibula flap reconstruction and full‐thickness skin graft.

Conclusions

Osteosarcoma should be considered if changes are seen in previously stable irradiated bone with bony destruction and a soft tissue mass. This case highlights the importance of synthesis of clinical, radiological and pathological findings in the diagnosis of such lesions, especially where the histology initially suggested a benign process.
Significance of mitral L‐waves in predicting late recurrences of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Wada Ryo , Shinohara Masaya , Fujino Tadashi , Matsumoto Shingo , Yao Shintaro , Yano Kensuke , Dobashi Shintaro , Akitsu Katsuya , Koike Hideki , Ohara Hiroshi , Kinoshita Toshio , Yuzawa Hitomi , Nakanishi Rine , Ikeda Takanori
Published: November 2022

Background

The mitral L‐wave, a prominent mid‐diastolic filling wave in echocardiographic examinations, is associated with severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The relationship between the mitral L‐wave and outcome of catheter ablation (CA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of mitral L‐waves on AF recurrence after CA.

Methods

This was a retrospective and observational study in a single center. One hundred forty‐six patients (mean age; 63.9 [56.0–72.0] years, 71.9% male) including 66 non‐paroxysmal AF patients (45.2%) who received a first CA were enrolled. The mitral L‐waves were defined as a distinct mid‐diastolic flow velocity with a peak velocity ≥20 cm/s following the E wave in the echocardiographic examinations before CA. The patients enrolled were divided into groups with (n = 31, 21.2%) and without (n = 115, 78.8%) mitral L‐waves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the predictive factors of late recurrences of AF (LRAFs), which meant AF recurrence later than 3 months after the CA.

Results

During a follow‐up of 28.8 (15.0–35.8) months, the ratio of LRAFs in patients with mitral L‐waves was significantly higher than that in those without mitral L‐waves (15 [46.9%] vs. 16 [14.0%], p < .001). A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the mitral L‐waves were a significant predictive factor of LRAFs (hazard ratio: 3.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.53–6.24, p = .002).

Conclusion

The appearance of mitral L‐waves could predict LRAFs after CA.
Simply the best? Star performers and high‐potential employees: Critical reflections and a path forward for research and practice
Authors: Kehoe Rebecca R. , Collings David G. , Cascio Wayne F.
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, scholars’ and practitioners’ interest in star performers and high‐potential employees (HiPos) has increased dramatically. To date, however, researchers have considered these two classifications of exceptional talent in relative isolation of one another, despite the fact that they are widely considered to comprise organizations’ most valuable employees. The current article identifies and explores key intersections in the heretofore‐siloed streams of research on star employees and HiPos. In so doing, we identify core assumptions, highlight questions that emerge at focal intersections, and offer a foundation for the cross‐fertilization of insights to strengthen the scholarly and practical impact of inquiry related to both groups. We then consider the implications of four significant recent trends in the world of work – increased employee mobility; greater focus on issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace; cross‐cultural issues; and the broader set of technological changes that are shaping the workplace – for research and practice related to stars and HiPos. Along the way, we highlight the integral and path‐breaking contributions of publications in Personnel Psychology to our knowledge about organizations’ best talent.