bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of intentions to receive monkeypox vaccine. A systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: León-Figueroa Darwin A. , Barboza Joshuan J. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Sah Ranjit , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: October 2023

Background
Immunization, as a preventive strategy against infectious diseases, has consolidated its position as a fundamental pillar in the field of public health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of intention to receive the monkeypox vaccine (Mpox).
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence was performed using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect) with a search strategy until July 24, 2023. Data analysis was performed in R software version 4.2.3. The quality of the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the "JBI-MAStARI". In addition, a subgroup analysis by study population and continent was developed.
Results
Twenty-nine cross-sectional articles with a total sample of 52 658 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of intention to vaccinate against Mpox was 61% (95% CI: 53–69%; 52658 participants; 29 studies; I2 = 100%). In the subgroup analysis on the intention to be vaccinated against Mpox according to continents was 64% (95% CI: 53–74%; 13883 participants; 17 studies; I2 = 99%) in Asian countries, 43% (95% CI: 39–47%; 1538 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 53%) in African countries, 62% (95% CI: 45–78%; 35811 participants; 6 studies; I2 = 99%) in European countries, and 63% (95% CI: 32–89%; 1426 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 99%) in American countries. In the subgroup analysis on the intention to be vaccinated against Mpox, according to study subjects it was 54% (95% CI: 45–62%; 10296 participants; 11 studies; I2 = 99%) in the general population, 57% (95% CI: 33–79%; 3333 participants; 10 studies; I2 = 99%) in health care workers, and 76% (95% CI: 70–82%;39029 participants; 8 studies; I2 = 98%) in the LGBTI community. In addition, as a secondary outcome, a prevalence of refusal of Mpox vaccination was found to be 22% (95% CI: 16–30%; 45577 participants; 21 studies; I2 = 99%).
Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of recognizing regional and subgroup disparities in Mpox vaccine willingness and refusal. It emphasizes the importance of employing strategies to achieve widespread vaccination coverage and safeguard public health worldwide.
Terms used
Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI), Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
Concordance of weight status between mothers and children: A secondary analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey VII
Authors: Alam Faiz , Ali Mohammed K. , Patel Shivani A. , Iqbal Romaina
Published: October 2023

Background
Familial concordance of weight status is an emerging field of study that may guide the development of interventions that operate beyond the individual and within the family context. Little published data exist for concordance of weight status within Pakistani households.
Methods
We assessed the associations between weight status of mothers and their children in a nationally representative sample of households in Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey data from 2017-18. Our analysis included 3465 mother-child dyads, restricting to children under-five years of age with body mass index (BMI) information on their mothers. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between maternal BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese) and child’s weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), accounting for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children. We assessed these relationships in all children under-five and also stratified by age of children (younger than 2 years and 2 to 5 years).
Results
In all children under-five and in children 2 to 5 years, maternal BMI was positively associated with child’s WHZ. For all children under-five, children of normal weight, overweight, and obese women had WHZ scores that were 0.22 [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.05, 0.38], 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.63], and 0.53 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.73] units higher than children of underweight women, respectively. For children ages 2 to 5, children of normal weight, overweight, and obese women had WHZ scores that were 0.27 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.44), 0.51 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.72), and 0.61 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.85] units higher than children of underweight women, respectively. There was no association between maternal BMI and child WHZ for children under-two.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the weight status of mother’s is positively associated with that of their children. These associations have implications for interventions aimed at healthy weights of families, providing special attention during interventions to the sharing of weight status among mother-child dyads.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Sources: Systematic Surveillance and Meta-Analysis from India and Taiwan
Authors: K Himanshu , Mukherjee Riya , Vidic Jasmina , Manzano Marisa , Ahmad Saheem , Alyahyawi Amjad R. , Raj V. Samuel , Pandey Ramendra Pati , Chang Chung-Ming , K Gunjan
Published: October 2023

Human exposure to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through food is now very imperfectly understood, creating a significant gap in the design of interventions. The interchange of AMR genes and the transfer of AMR bacteria from animals to humans through the food chain necessitate comprehensive methods to risk reduction. With a focus on AMR in bacterial species isolated from food products, foods (of both animal and non-animal origin), and ambient samples, the current meta-analysis gathered up-to-date information on the epidemiology of AMR in animal-source food chain. As a result, the combined prevalence of AMR across the various food sources was calculated. From the 18,784 food samples obtained as a result of selected publications, 7,676 (40.9%) samples were contaminated, including 4343 (56.6%) and 3363 (43.4%) samples from Taiwan and India, respectively. Meat (chicken, pork, and beef), fish and milk all have moderate to medium potential for AMR exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens such S. aureus, Clostridium, E. coli, Salmonella, etc. Antibiotic resistance to β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, carbapenem etc, is present in the majority of food samples. The results of this study emphasize the persistent danger of antimicrobial residue in animal-derived foods in Taiwan, India, and other nations with comparable customs.
Fire Absence as Structuring Factor on Small Mammal Assemblages at the Serra Das Araras Ecological Station, in the Southwest of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Souza Marco Rodrigo de Souza , Santos-Filho Manoel dos Santos Filho , Bogoni Juliano André Bogoni
Published: October 2023

Fire is a structuring factor of terrestrial ecosystems, such as the Brazilian Cerrado. But little is known about the patterns and adequate fire regularity in the various phytophysiognomies of this biome. Thus, we hypothesized that the control of fires at the Serra das Araras Ecological Station alters the small mammals’ assemblages, with the presence of more forest species. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the structure of the assemblages of small non-volant mammals of the SAES, after a period of 17 years without fire occurrence. Between October 2016 and June 2017, 24 sites in the Cerrado. The sampling effort was 13,960 traps per night of conventional Sherman and Tomahawk traps. Our results were compared with data sampled in 1999 and 2000, a period in which there was no fire control. 21 species of small mammals were recorded, of which 12 species of rodents and nine of marsupials. Our results show most species common to forest and savannah environments, differing from the pattern of other studies, in which they present a set of species restricted to forest environments, another set restricted to savannah environments, and few shared species. When comparing the current study and that of the year 1999/2000, species typical of savannah environments have been replaced by forest species. In this sense, it is possible to assume that the absence of fire is restructuring the small mammal assemblages at Serra das Araras Ecological Station.
Assessment of Trace element based health risk in fruits at rural areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Abu Shamim , Morshed Hasan , Rahim Abdur , Sultana Nusrat , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Islam Naim , Chakraborty Taposh Kumar , Hossain Ripon , Hossain Shahadot , Hossaen Arafat , Kabir Ismile , Maruf Abdullah Al , Khatun Rukaya , Hayder Tanvir , Siddique Abu Bakar
Published: October 2023

Metal pollution is influenced to accumulation of trace metals in fruits which have adverse effect on human health such as cancer and non cancer diseases. This study was investigated the accumulation of arsenic and manganese in fruits through irrigation water or soil and its associated health risk for adults and children. It was conducted in May to November, 2018 at Samta village of Jashore district in Bangladesh. Concentration of arsenic and manganese was measured by HG-AAS and flame-AAS methods respectively. Daily intake of metals, pollution index and its health risk index was calculated by using USEPA method. Concentration range of arsenic and manganese in fruits was measured 0.096 ± 0.001mg/Kg to 0.533 ± 0.005mg/Kg and 0.561 ± 0.001mg/Kg to 12.834 ± 0.015mg/Kg. Maximum concentration of arsenic and manganese was detected in papaya and guava fruits due to accumulate high concentration of arsenic and manganese from irrigation water and soil. Total hazard quotient data range for adults and child was not exceed than 1 which is indicated that fruits are safe from non carcinogenic health risk from arsenic and manganese. On the other hand carcinogenic risk of arsenic for adults and child data ranges were 1.68×10+ 00 to 3.05×10− 01 and 1.00×10+ 00 to 1.81×10− 01 which was higher than the carcinogenic cancer risk value 1.00×10− 6.In addition it is concluded that fruits were not safe from carcinogenic health risk by arsenic at this study area which has a strong correlation with arsenic contamination in irrigation water and soil. This study will be updated the information on arsenic and manganese contamination in fruits and its health safety.
Disabled users’ views and experiences of digital accessibility tools and training and the DA4You course
Authors: Black Sharon , De Pablos-Ortega Carlos
Published: October 2023

Digital technologies are now ubiquitous in our lives and it is of critical importance that disabled people benefit from full and equitable access to the digital world. However, digital accessibility training for disabled users is lacking, and there is little research on developing such training focusing on ways to use the broad and growing range of digital accessibility tools available today. The current study investigates disabled users’ practices, views and experiences regarding digital devices, accessibility tools and training. Data were collected from 91 participants with a range of disabilities using a questionnaire and 14 participants took part in a semi-structured interview. The findings confirm that while disabled users are making use of a wide variety of technologies and accessibility tools, digital accessibility training for such users is inadequate, with participants experiencing gaps and shortcomings in the training and support provided from their early years onwards, including at school, university and in their adult lives. Such gaps and deficiencies reinforce the digital divide between disabled and non-disabled users. Participants gave several recommendations to improve digital accessibility training. The research informed the design of the training created as part of the DA4You project, presented in this article, which was positively evaluated by participants overall. However, greater efforts are needed improve digital accessibility training for all disabled users, who are keen to have access to more and better training opportunities. The onus is on educators, trainers, administrators and policymakers, etc to make this a priority.
Гилтеритиниб — новая возможность в лечении рецидивов и рефрактерных острых миелоидных лейкозов с мутацией в гене FLT3: обзор литературы и описание трех собственных клинических наблюдений
Authors: Шатилова Алексина Алексеевна , Ломаиа Е. Г. , Алексеева Ю. А. , Петухов А. В. , Иванов В. В. , Антонов Е. К. , Ефремова С. В. , Решетова А. И. , Точеная Е. Н. , Моторин Д. В. , Читанава Т. В. , Петров А. В. , Никулина Т. С. , Богданов К. В. , Рыжкова Д. В. , Миролюбова Ю. В. , Прокопьев И. Е. , Будаева И. Г. , Гиршова Л. Л.
Published: October 2023

Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are the most ubiquitous of all adult leukemias. The prognosis of the disease depends on its genetic profile. The mutation in FLT3 gene, which codes FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, is observed in 1/3 of patients and is responsible for a high rate of relapses. The prognosis of relapsed/refractory FLT3-positive AML is extremely poor. The standard intensive therapy rarely yields long-term responses. The new first- and second-generation FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors enriched treatment opportunities for patients with this mutation. Gilteritinib, a potent second-generation FLT3-ITD/TKD inhibitor, is a new effective and well tolerated drug for the treatment of relapsed/refractory FLT3-positive AML. Due to its efficacy, low toxicity, and good manageability, this drug can be administered to all patients, including the elderly or those with severe comorbidities and complications of previous therapy. Besides, this drug can be used in outpatient units. The present paper contains three case reports dealing with different clinical situations in patients with FLT3-positive AML treated with gilteritinib in real-world clinical practice.
Отдаленные результаты лечения пациентов с классической лимфомой Ходжкина в реальной клинической практике: опыт гематологического отделения Новосибирска
Authors: Войтко Мария Сергеевна , Поспелова Т. И. , Нечунаева И. Н. , Шебуняева Я. Ю.
Published: October 2023

Aim. To assess the long-term results of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) treatment in Novosibirsk in real-world clinical practice.

Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 408 cHL patients treated and followed-up at the hematological unit of the Novosibirsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 2 from January 2008 to December 2021. The median age of patients was 33 years (range 26–44 years). Among them 223 (54.7 %) female and 185 (45.3 %) male patients. There were more patients with cHL stages III (n = 103; 25.2 %) and IV (n = 120; 29.4 %) than with stage II, which was identified in 185 (45.4 %) patients. ABVD regimen was administered to 132 (32.3 %) patients, 47 (11.5 %) patients received ABVD escalated to BEACOPP. BEACOPP therapy was performed in 229 (56.2 %) patients. Subsequent radiotherapy was assigned to 202 (49.5 %) patients. Second-line therapy was required by 89 (21.8 %) patients with relapsed and resistant cHL.

Results. The 10-year overall survival (OS) was 81 %, and the 5-year OS was 91 %. Similar progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 86 % and 77 %, respectively. The 10-year PFS in patients with stage II was 87 %, while in patients with stages II (mediastinal bulky mass), III and IV, it was only 69 % (p = 0.002). The 10-year OS in patients with localized stages was 91 %, and in patients with generalized stages it was 79 % (p = 0.0006). The 10-year OS in patients less than 45 years of age was 88 %, and in patients more than 45 years of age it was 69 %. The 10-year PFS in patients less than 45 years of age was 84 %, and in the older age group it was 60 % (p = 0.001).

Conclusion. The study results demonstrate high rates of long-term survival of cHL patients and are well comparable with the data of other study groups. Nevertheless, scientific research should be continued to develop optimal risk-adapted programs of cHL chemotherapy and to define further prospects for improving the treatment outcomes of this malignant tumor.
Gifted and Home-Educated in Australia
Authors:   Allegiance Educational Assessments, Slater Eileen , Burton Kate ,   Alchemy Therapy, Main Susan ,   Edith Cowan University
Published: October 2023

A recent survey of the home-education community in Australia sought to identify the reasons why parents/guardians made the decision to home educate their children (Slater et al., 2022). Within the broader sample of 385 parents/guardians of 676 currently home educated children in Australia, the parents/guardians of 81 children cited the child being gifted as a reason for the child being home educated. Completed survey data returned by these parents/guardians were analysed. Thereafter, a sub-sample of these survey participants, comprising 16 parents/guardians of home-educated gifted children, were interviewed. Thematic and content analysis of all collected data indicated that the educational and emotional wellbeing of the child was a key motivator for home-educating. The reasons cited included the belief that there was a lack of provision of an appropriate curriculum, failure to appropriately differentiate and/or provide acceleration options, and a lack of understanding and ability to cater to the psychosocial and emotional needs of gifted students, in schools.
Methods of Nonhyperbolic Shadowing
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Pilyugin Sergei Yu.
Published: October 2023

This paper is a survey of some recent results giving sufficient conditions of shadowing for dynamical systems in the absence of hyperbolicity. The main topics of the survey are as follows: method of pairs of Lyapunov type functions, shadowing in a neighborhood of a nonisolated fixed point, conditional multiscale shadowing for sequences of mappings of a Banach space, conditional shadowing for dynamical systems on so-called simple time scales. The paper contains a new result on conditional multiscale shadowing in the case of an infinite family of projections of the phase space.
On the birth of the classical philosophy and the origins of the European civilization (aspects of the problem)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Drach Gennady V.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the birth of the Classical philosophy that simultaneously was the beginning of the European civilization. The issue has multiple aspects, especially as a lot of new studies emphasize the Eastern influence on the origins of the Classical philosophy and scholarly discussions ponder upon cultural differences and civilizational self-determination. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic of the Minoan civilization that both inherited the Eastern culture and discovered Europe. As compared to the East, Crete and Mycenae turned out to be instable social phenomena under the Aegean islandic conditions. However, the nautical piracy that could not be localized was a new cultural event demonstrated in individual behaviour and agonistic personality vividly represented in Homer’s poems. The author traces how collective spirit and mystical unity were switching to individualized behaviour and agonistic personality which lets him analyse aspects of the genesis of philosophy related to the development of lyrical poetry, legal consciousness and self-consciousness. This lets one overcome limits of the ‘physical’ interpretation of the Early Greek philosophy according to Aristotle and see a wider literary and historical context of its genesis. Self-immersion and reflections on the attitude to the world and one’s own self, to the cosmos, polis and God became foundations for the new philosophy that addressed the eternal issues of being. Human knowledge that starts with surprise, according to Aristotle, revealed new aspects of the genesis of the Greek philosophy. The issue of substance, relations between multiple things and their basis constitute the philosophical knowledge. Substantialism was the leading principle for the new philosophy that turned to explanations of the causes and gave birth to the rational knowledge and European science. The resulting philosophy is at the centre of the European cultural paradigm whose key elements are law, education, and personality.
Actions of large bodies and events of communications: The political significance of some sociological categories
Authors:   HSE University, Filippov Alexander F.
Published: October 2023

The object of this paper is to compare the philosophical foundations of the three most influential sociological concepts of the past century — Max Weber, Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann. Although the influence of Weber on Parsons and Parsons on Luhmann is undeniable, the differences between them are fundamental. Each of the concepts is based on a special philosophical intuition, all of them also have a political character. To explain this, we introduce the philosophically vague, but intuitively understandable term “large body”, that is, one that is distinguishable without special instruments. For Weber, such large bodies turn out to be people acting, as he calls them. The famous concept of “social action” means the action of a large body, because such an actor is located in the space of a political union, within which the hierarchy of goods is built, that is, the area of possible goals. Thus Weber’s theory of action presupposes a theory of the state. Parsons’ theory of action systems is at first constructed quite differently. In accepting Weber’s schemes, Parsons refuses to study a single action as a concrete event in space and time. Instead, drawing on the philosophy of A. N. Whitehead, he proposes to study action in its temporal aspect. Since before the action, the goals are only imagined, not existing in reality, here open up the prospects of a completely original concept of action, in which not only there will be no space of large bodies, but also the usual time of physical events. But Parsons does not hold on to this height, and in later writings returns again to acting as an organism that political power can reach and use force against. Only Luhmann, with his intuition of world society and the incorporeal events of communication, breaks away from the traditions of European political thinking. He manages to build a logically more coherent concept. But it turns out to be vulnerable when you have to think again about territories and regions, that is, about the spaces of large bodies.
Understood in itself and through itself: On Spinoza’s theory of substance
Authors:   Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Schmidt Andreas
Published: October 2023

The paper argues that Spinoza considers the inherence relation of substance and mode as being in need of explanation, and that he attempts to analyze it as a relation of conceptual implication. In the first part, I sketch the argument that leads Spinoza to substance monism, explaining the relation of substance, attribute, and mode in more detail. In the second and third parts, I argue that Spinoza explains both the relation of cause and effect and the inherence relation of substance and mode as relations of conceptual implication. Here the problem arises that there are cases of causal relations which are not at the same time inherence relations, namely causal relations between modes. To solve this problem, I propose to clarify Spinoza’s definition of mode in such a way that x is a mode of y only if the concept of x is contained in the concept of y and y is a substance. It follows that there can be no modes of modes — a position that Spinoza can be shown to actually hold. In the final section, I take a brief look at Leibniz’s reception of the Spinozan theory of inherence and at how Leibniz must modify it to avoid Spinoza’s monistic consequences.
Panpsychism and the concept of causal significance in Gregg Rosenberg’s theory of liberal naturalism
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tanyushina Alexandra A.
Published: October 2023

The article highlights the main ideas of the original panpsychist concept of consciousness proposed by the contemporary American philosopher Gregg Rosenberg. The philosopher proposes to revise some of the provisions of the newest versions of panpsychism in order to solve the problem of mental causation and the combination problem. To do this, he puts forward the concept of natural individuals based on an original interpretation of causal relations. Within the framework of the theory presented by Rosenberg, it is assumed that a causal action consisting of two interrelated properties — effective and receptive — is a set of restrictions that some event imposes on what the world can be, and not on the effects that it produces in the world; this system of restrictions implies that the real world arises from space of potentialities. The theory proposed by the philosopher presents the world as individuals of different orders “layered” on top of each other, where deterministic macro-individuals can exist “on top” of micro-individuals in indeterminate states, making the latter, in turn, deterministic. Rosenberg’s concept is compatible with many achievements of modern empirical sciences, including assumptions about the role of information integration in the formation of phenomenal experiences, as well as relativistic ideas about the nature of space-time. For this reason, the concept under consideration seems very promising: it is likely that its further development contributes to solving the “hard problem” of consciousness known in modern analytical philosophy and will shed light on some fundamental issues that traditionally arise on the border between physics and metaphysics.
Development of daily bias-corrected ensemble precipitation estimates over the Upper Indus Basin of the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya
Authors: Jamal Kashif , Li Xin , Chen Yingying , Haider Sajjad , Rizwan Muhammad , Ahmad Shakil
Published: October 2023

Accurate precipitation estimates over space and time are critically important, particularly in data-scarce areas, for effective hydrological modeling and efficient regional water resources management. Gridded precipitation datasets are the preeminent alternative in such areas. However, gridded precipitation datasets contain different kinds of uncertainties owing to the retrieval algorithms used in their development. In this study, five precipitation datasets (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Climate Prediction Centre (CPC), APHRODITE, Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), and PERSIANN) were evaluated, and an ensemble of daily precipitation datasets from 2001 to 2017 at a resolution of 0.05 degree was created based on three ensemble approaches (Bayesian model ensemble, relative bias-based ensemble, and correlation-based ensemble) over the Upper Indus basin. To improve the accuracy of the ensemble dataset, a linear bias correction technique is applied with respect to gauging precipitation. The accuracy of the bias-corrected ensemble dataset was evaluated using statistical and novelty categorical measures. A reasonable agreement was found between the ensemble and gauge precipitation (Pearson correlation 0.83–0.89 and relative bias 1–8.7 mm/month), while large biases were noted in five precipitation datasets (1.7–53.9 mm/month). The study suggests that utilizing ensemble approaches to gridded precipitation can significantly enhance the accuracy of the estimates compared to relying on a single precipitation dataset.
Automation of Drug Discovery through Cutting-edge In-silico Research in
Pharmaceuticals: Challenges and Future Scope
Authors: Singh Smita , Singh Pranjal Kumar , Sachan Kapil , Kumar Mukesh , Bhardwaj Poonam
Published: October 2023

The rapidity and high-throughput nature of in silico technologies make them advantageous
for predicting the properties of a large array of substances. In silico approaches can be
used for compounds intended for synthesis at the beginning of drug development when there is
either no or very little compound available. In silico approaches can be used for impurities or
degradation products. Quantifying drugs and related substances (RS) with pharmaceutical drug
analysis (PDA) can also improve drug discovery (DD) by providing additional avenues to pursue.
Potential future applications of PDA include combining it with other methods to make insilico
predictions about drugs and RS. One possible outcome of this is a determination of the
drug potential of nontoxic RS. ADME estimation, QSAR research, molecular docking, bioactivity
prediction, and toxicity testing all involve impurity profiling. Before committing to DD, RS
with minimal toxicity can be utilised in silico. The efficacy of molecular docking in getting a
medication to market is still debated despite its refinement and improvement. Biomedical labs
and pharmaceutical companies were hesitant to adopt molecular docking algorithms for drug
screening despite their decades of development and improvement. Despite the widespread use of
"force fields" to represent the energy exerted within and between molecules, it has been impossible
to reliably predict or compute the binding affinities between proteins and potential binding
medications.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Medium Protecting Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α and Nuclear Receptor Coactivator-1
Authors: Liao Chunling , Liu Yiping , Lin Yongda , Wang Jiali , Zhou Tianbiao , Weng Wenjuan
Published: October 2023

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by inflammatory infiltration
and damage and death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), in which hypoxia plays an important
role. Deferoxamine (DFO) is a well-accepted chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent. Mesenchymal
stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) can reduce local inflammation and repair tissue. In this
study, we explored the effect and molecular mechanism of MSC-CM-mediated protection of
RTECs under DFO-induced hypoxia.

Methods:

Rat renal proximal tubule NRK-52E cells were treated with different concentrations of
DFO for 24 hours, followed by evaluation of RTEC injury, using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)
to detect cell viability and western blotting to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-
beta 1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
(HIF-1α) in NRK-52E cells. Then, three groups of NRK-52E cells were used in experiments, including
normal control (NC), 25 μM DFO, and 25 μM DFO + MSC-CM. MSC-CM was obtained
from the human umbilical cord. MSC-CM was used to culture cells for 12 hours before DFO treatment,
then fresh MSC-CM and 25 μM DFO were added, and cells were cultured for another 24
hours before analysis.

Results:

Western blotting and cellular immunofluorescence staining showed culture of NRK-52E
cells in 25 μM DFO for 24 hours induced HIF-1α and nuclear receptor coactivator-1 (NCoA-1), simulating
hypoxia. MSC-CM could inhibit the DFO-induced up-regulation of α-SMA, TGF-β1,
HIF-1α and NCoA-1.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that MSC-CM has a protective effect on RTECs by down-regulating
HIF-1α and NCoA-1, which may be the harmful factors in renal injury.
Adipose Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Alleviate Bronchopulmonary
Dysplasia and Regulate Autophagy in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Chen Cuie , Liu Yuanyuan , Sheng Anqun , Wang Shi , Zhang Xixi , Wang Dan , Wang Qiu , Lu Chaosheng , Lin Zhenlang
Published: October 2023

Background::

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) therapies have
shown prospects in preclinical models of pathologies relevant to neonatal medicine, such as bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been recognized as
one of the most promising stem cell sources. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating intracellular
conditions, maintaining cell growth and development, and participating in the pathogenesis of
BPD.

Objectives::

To investigate the potential therapeutic role of ADSC-Exos on BPD and to illustrate
the role of autophagy in this process.

Method::

ADSC-Exos was isolated from media conditioned of ADSCs by ultracentrifugation and
characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA),
and Western blotting (WB). Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% O2) from postnatal
day 0 (P0) to P7, and returned to room air until P14 to mimic BPD. ADSC-Exos was treated by intratracheal
or intravenous administration on P4. Treated animals and appropriate controls were
harvested on P7 and P14 for assessment of pulmonary parameters.

Results::

Hyperoxia-exposed rats were presented with pronounced alveolar simplification with decreased
radial alveolar count (RAC) and increased mean linear intercept (MLI), impaired vascular
development with low vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 expression, and stimulated
inflammation with increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased expression
of IL-10. Meanwhile, the rats with hyperoxia exposure blocked autophagic flux with lower
levels of Beclin1, LC3B, LC3BII/I ratio and higher levels of p62. ADSC-Exos administration protected
the neonatal lung tissues from the hyperoxia-induced arrest of alveolar and vascular development,
reduced inflammation, and facilitated autophagy. Intratracheal administration was more
efficacious than intravenous administration

Conclusion::

The intratracheal administration of ADSC-Exos significantly improved alveolarization
and pulmonary vascularization arrest in hyperoxia-induced BPD, which was associated with
facilitating autophagy in part.
Therapeutic and Safety Promise of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Failure: From Preclinical Experiment to Clinical Application
Authors: Xie Qiong , Gu Jundong
Published: October 2023

:

Liver failure (LF) is serious liver damage caused by multiple factors, resulting in severe
impairment or decompensation of liver synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and biotransformation.
The general prognosis of LF is poor with high mortality in non-transplant patients. The clinical
treatments for LF are mainly internal medicine comprehensive care, artificial liver support system,
and liver transplantation. However, none of the above treatment strategies can solve the problems of
all liver failure patients and has its own limitations. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of
stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and paracrine function, which play an important
role in immune regulation and tissue regeneration. In recent years, MSCs have shown multiple
advantages in the treatment of LF in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials. In this work, we
reviewed the biological characteristics of MSCs, the possible molecular mechanisms of MSCs in the
treatment of liver failure, animal experiments, and clinical application, and also discussed the existing
problems of MSCs in the treatment of liver failure.
ICEEMDAN-based Combined Wind Power Forecasting
Authors: Wu Zhen Jun , Dong Yuan , He Ping
Published: October 2023

Background:

With the depletion of fossil energy and the increasingly serious environmental
pollution, the task of developing renewable energy is imminent. As a green and pollutionfree
renewable energy, the penetration of wind energy in the power grid continues to rise.

Objective:

In order to reduce the volatility and randomness of wind power series and increase the
accuracy of wind power prediction, a wind power combination model based on the ICEEMDAN
(improved adaptive noise full set empirical mode decomposition) method is proposed.

Methodology:

First, the complex original wind power data have been decomposed into several
relatively simple subsequences using the ICEEMDAN method. Aiming at the different lengths of
coarse grain time series and data loss in traditional multi-scale entropy, a fine composite multiscale
dispersion entropy is proposed to calculate the entropy value of each decomposition component,
and divide the high- and low-frequency modal components to predict the modal components
of different frequencies; secondly, differential moving autoregressive model (ARIMA) and shortterm
memory neural network (LSTM) are used to establish the prediction models of high- and
low-frequency components, respectively.

Results:

Finally, the prediction results of each component have been superimposed and reconstructed
to obtain the final prediction results. The effectiveness of the combined model is verified
by the actual operation data of a European wind farm.

Conclusion:

As the effectiveness of the combined model is verified by the actual operation data
of a European wind farm, the results have shown that compared to the other four single and combined
forecasting models, the combined model in this paper has higher forecasting accuracy.
Therefore, the model proposed in this article can be used for predicting wind power with significant
fluctuations, which will help to provide support for optimized scheduling and energy storage
configuration of wind farms, thereby reducing costs and increasing income for the power grid and
wind farms.
Cyclodextrin Nanosponges: A Revolutionary Drug Delivery Strategy
Authors: Singh Sonia , Sharma Khushi , Sharma Himanshu
Published: October 2023

Nanosponges are porous solid cross-linked polymeric nanostructures. This study focuses
on cyclodextrin-based nanosponges. Nanosponges based on cyclodextrin can form interactions with
various lipophilic or hydrophilic compounds. The release of the entrapped molecules can be altered
by altering the structure to obtain either a longer or faster release kinetics. The nanosponges might
increase the aqueous solubility of weakly water-soluble compounds, develop long-lasting delivery
systems, or construct novel drug carriers for nanomedicine. CD-NS (cyclodextrin-based nanosponges)
are evolving as flexible and promising nanomaterials for medication administration, sensing, and
environmental cleanup. CD-NS are three-dimensional porous structures of cyclodextrin molecules
cross-linked by a suitable polymeric network, resulting in a large surface area. This overview covers
CD-NS synthesis methods and applications.
STEM PEDAGOJİK ALAN BİLGİSİ (STEMPAB) ÜZERİNE YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Verdi Esra , Balım Ali Günay
Published: October 2023

Araştırmda STEM Eğitiminde STEMPAB üzerine yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma belli kriterler dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Bu kriterlere göre seçilen çalışmalarda YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi ve Google Akademik, Dergipark, Scopus, Eric veri tabanlarından yararlanılmıştır. İncelenen bu çalışmalarıda 5 tezin; 3 tanesi yüksek lisans tezi, 2 tanesi doktora tezi ve 18 makale olmak üzere 23 çalışma ele alınmıştır. Tezlerden yapılan makaleler çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Araştırmada incelenen çalışmalarda ilişkin yıl, amaç, örneklem, yöntem, veri toplama araçları ve sonuç bölümleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların yılı açısından ilk defa 2018 yılında çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Örneklem açısından incelendiğinde STEM eğitiminin temel disiplinlerinden olan fen bilimleri branş öğretmen/öğretmen adayı ve ders içeriklerinde fen bilimlerinin bilgisinin olmasından kaynaklı sınıf öğretmeni/öğretmen adayları olduğu görülmektedir. Veri toplama aracı olarak farklı yöntemler kullanılmasına rağmen genelde STEMPAB ölçeği ve öğretmenlerin ihtiyaçlarına yönelik görüşme formu kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda STEM eğitiminin öğretmen adayı ve öğretmenlerin STEMPAB düzeylerinin arttırılmasına yönelik uygulamalar ile desteklendiği görülmektedir.
The Problem of State Sovereignty in the Context of Deglobalization
Authors: Burganova I. N.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the research topic is due to the inconsistency of globalist and deglobalist trends in the modern world and their influence on the sovereignty of state actors.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of deglobalization on state sovereignty.

Objectives of the study: the study of strengthening the sovereignty of the state at the economic, political and cultural levels.

Methodology. In the course of writing the article, the method of system analysis was used to study the problems of sovereign powers of state actors. General scientific research methods were applied in the work. Statistical and regulatory sources were used for the validity of the study.

Results. The problems of the phenomenon of state sovereignty at the level of deglobalist tendencies are revealed; the zones in which state sovereignty is being strengthened are identified (trade wars; import substitution policy; isolationist approach; legislative decisions, solving global problems, participation in international organizations).

Conclusion. The process of strengthening State sovereignty in the context of the deglobalization of the international community is objective. The expansion of the sovereign powers of the state is associated with an increase in the number of global problems. Challenges and threats of the international community force countries to make collective decisions that limit the State's own national interests. Therefore, state actors are forced to follow the path of isolationism and rejection of communitarian measures in developing solutions to mitigate global risks. At the political level, sovereignty is strengthened at the level of participation in multilateral formats and solving global problems. The strengthening of sovereignty in the economic sphere is determined by the state of the world economy. The presence of a global economic crisis pushes countries to apply the policy of trade wars, protectionism, sanctions mechanism and import substitution. The problem of expanding sovereign powers at the level of the cultural sphere is associated with uncontrolled migration flows. In this case, there is an increase in conflicts along the lines of national identity.
Features of the Functioning of Transport Healthcare in 1945–1950 (Based on the Materials of the South-Eastern Railway)
Authors: Golovin E. А.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the social significance of the successful functioning of the system of medical care for citizens to preserve and restore their health. The experience of departmental medical institutions in the previous periods of national history makes it possible to use it rationally in modern conditions along with the services of state and commercial medicine. In scientific terms, the history of the medical and sanitary service of railway transport has not yet been properly developed, as a result of which the study of the declared topic can contribute to the concretization of knowledge about the evolution and problems of the development of domestic healthcare.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the post–war restoration of the activities of medical and sanitary institutions of the South-Eastern Railway on the basis of archival documents and periodical press materials.

Objectives: to characterize the dynamics of the development of the network of medical and sanitary institutions on the South-Eastern Railway in 1945-1950; to identify the main activities of railway medicine in the period under study; to consider the current problems of the functioning of the industry and ways to solve them.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set by the author, the methods of historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, retrospective were used.

Results. The study of the main activities of medical and sanitary institutions on railway transport made it possible to present in historical retrospect the features of providing medical care by means of the sectoral healthcare system, which had a certain autonomy and mobility in servicing the entrusted contingent of employees and their family members.

Conclusions. During the five post-war years, the transport healthcare system that operated on the South-Eastern Railway restored full efficiency, having managed to improve the material and technical equipment of medical institutions in difficult conditions and strengthen their personnel potential, which positively affected the quality of medical care.
The Use of Alcohol for Chemical and Technical Needs in Excise Russia (1863 – 1896)
Authors: Goryushkina N. E.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. The article highlights the process of using alcohol for the production of chemical and technical products. The relevance of the study is due to the weak representation of this aspect in the scientific literature, as well as its unconditional significance in the formation of the general concept of the development of the Russian economy.

The purpose is to highlight the changes in the use of alcohol for chemical and technical needs that occurred during the period of the excise system in Russia.

The objectives of the study are determined by the goal and are to substantiate the development of legislation on the exciseless use of alcohol for chemical and technical needs, to establish the relationship and interdependence of the benefits introduced by the government and the size of the production of relevant products, to assess the success of the measures taken to expand the scope of alcohol.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, consistency, scientific objectivity, supplemented by such special methods as the method of interpretation, the method of content analysis and the statistical method.

Results. During the excise period, alcohol began to be used not only as a drink, but also as a main or auxiliary component in the manufacture of chemical and technical products. Excise legislation has changed in this regard. Temporary legal provisions exempting alcohol from excise duty sent to chemical and technical plants were finally summarized in the Law of March 18, 1896. Under his influence, the size of production in Russia increased, which allowed Russian manufacturers to compete with foreigners.

Conclusion. The use of alcohol for chemical plants and technical productions in excise Russia looked like a dynamic process. A decisive role in the success was played by government acts that expanded the scope of application of exciseless alcohol.
Old People as a Special Category of Victims Nazi Crimes
Authors: Bakhtin V. V. , Pripadchev A. A.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. Currently, there is an increased interest in the tragedy of the civilian population in Russian society. This is reflected both in numerous scientific publications and in procedural actions. Belgorod, Voronezh, Oryol regional courts recognized the war crimes of the Nazis and their accomplices as genocide.

Purpose: to consider, based on the materials of the Extraordinary State Commission of Federal and Regional Archives, a special category of victims of Nazi crimes – the elderly.

Objectives: to determine the criteria of old age, to find out the number of victims of crimes – the elderly in the territories of the Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol regions, to consider various ways of killing the elderly and the elderly.

Methodology. The basis of this scientific research is a complex of general dialectical method of scientific cognition, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and private scientific methods of cognition.

Results. The study became an objective proof of the extermination policy of the Nazis and their accomplices on the territory of the regions of the Central Chernozem region. Numerous archival documents confirming that the elderly population and the elderly were one of the mass victims of war crimes are cited.

Conclusion. The elderly population and the elderly, due to their psycho-physiological characteristics, due to their inability or limitation to physical labor, were among the first to be destroyed. They were considered by the Nazi leadership as an extra, absolutely unnecessary ballast, which had to be disposed of.