bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Layout of a Rigid Splitter Plate on the Flow-Induced Vibration of a Downstream Cylinder Subjected to Wake Flow
Authors: Ruan Li , Yu Dingyong , Bao Jian , Zhao Jinxin
Published: November 2023

In this study, the effect of additional positions of rigid splitter plates on the response characteristics of tandem cylinders at a Reynolds number of 150 and a fixed distance ratio of 5.0 was numerically investigated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Four layouts for the cylinder–plate body, including a downstream cylinder (DC), a downstream cylinder–plate body with a wake side plate (DCP), a downstream plate–cylinder body with an incoming flow side plate (DPC), and a downstream plate–cylinder–plate body with a double-sided plate (DPCP), are considered. The results show that the splitter plate attached to the incoming flow side or the wake side can suppress the vibration of the downstream cylinder in a specific reduced velocity range (4.0 < Ur ≤ 10.0). Compared with the DC, the maximum response amplitude of the DPC and DCP in the lock-in region is reduced by 30.8% and 47.4%, and the lock-in bandwidth is also significantly narrower. The layer separation point of the upstream cylinder moves downstream upon adding splitter plates to both the incoming flow and wake sides, and the resulting splitter shear layer of the DPCP is completely parallel to the free flow, while the maximum response amplitude is reduced by 93.6%, which realizes the best effect of stream-induced vibration suppression.
Experimental Study on Seawater Intrusion Law and Countermeasures within Island Underground Water-Sealed Oil Storage Caverns
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhang Bin , Li Yutao , Li Junyan
Published: November 2023

Underground water-sealed oil storage caverns constructed in island environments is a promising approach for expanding oil storage caverns. However, few researchers have studied the risks of seawater intrusion and the distribution characteristics of intrusion interfaces in large underground water-sealed oil storage caverns in island environments. In this paper, we established a visualized physical simulation platform to investigate the characteristics and control measures of seawater intrusion in single fracture of rock masses within island underground water-sealed oil storage caverns. In addition, the effects of the excavation of caverns, the distance between the cavern and coast, fracture width, seawater level, oil storage stage, water curtain, and water injection pressure were evaluated. The results show that excavation of oil storage caverns carries the risk of seawater intrusion. Specifically, reducing the distance between the oil storage caverns and the coast, increasing the fracture width, and raising the seawater level all contribute to accelerated seawater intrusion into the caverns. However, the vertical water curtain can effectively inhibit seawater intrusion, and increasing the injection pressure of vertical water curtain can avoid the risk of seawater intrusion into the caverns. The research results provide an experimental basis for the study of seawater intrusion in underground oil storage caverns in island environments.
Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Germline Variants in Breast Cancer Patients in the Southernmost Region of Thailand
Authors: Sukpan Panupong , Sangkhathat Surasak , Sriplung Hutcha , Laochareonsuk Wison , Choochuen Pongsakorn , Auseng Nasuha , Khoonjan Weerawan , Salaeh Rusta , Thangnaphadol Kornchanok , Wanawanakorn Kasemsun , Kanokwiroon Kanyanatt
Published: November 2023

Germline carriers of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes are at an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). We characterized germline variants in a cohort of 151 patients diagnosed with epithelial BC in the southernmost region of Thailand, where the predominant ethnicity differs from that of the rest of the country. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify and subsequently filter variants present in 26 genes known to be associated with cancer predisposition. Of the 151 individuals assessed, 23, corresponding to 15.2% of the sample, exhibited the presence of one or more pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with BC susceptibility. We identified novel germline truncating variants in BRIP1, CHEK2, MSH6, PALB2, and PTEN and annotated variants of uncertain significance (VUSs), both novel and previously documented. Therefore, it is advisable to use genetic testing as an additional risk screening method for BC in this area.
Plant Production Protocols from Seeds of Threatened Atropa baetica and Widespread A. belladonna, Both Rich in Alkaloids
Authors: Copete Elena , Copete Miguel A. , Martínez-Duro Esmeralda , Santiago Alejandro , Ferrandis Pablo , Herranz José M.
Published: November 2023

Members of the genus Atropa contain various tropane alkaloids, including atropine ((±)-hyoscyamine) and scopolamine, which possess medicinal properties. Preserving the diverse genetic background of wild populations via optimal plant production from seeds could be essential for avoiding the loss of potential uses. We analyzed the germination ecology of two Atropa species comprising the threatened A. baetica and widespread A. belladonna to determine the: (1) influence of temperature, light, and seed age on germination patterns; (2) effects of cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3); (3) phenology of seedling emergence in outdoor conditions; (4) phenology of dormancy break and loss of viability in buried seeds; and (5) ability to form persistent soil seed banks. Freshly matured seeds exhibited conditional physiological dormancy, with germination at high temperatures (32/18 °C) but not at low and cold ones (5, 15/4, 20/7 °C). The germination ability increased with time of dry storage and with GA3, thereby suggesting nondeep physiological dormancy. Under outdoor conditions, no seedlings emerged during the first post-sown autumn, but emergence peaks occurred in late winter–early spring. Both species could form small persistent soil seed banks with short durations (3–5 years). A plant production protocol from seeds was established for both taxa.
Protective Effect of Urtica dioica Extract against Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Skalska-Kamińska Agnieszka , Wójciak Weronika , Żuk Magdalena , Paduch Roman , Wójciak Magdalena
Published: November 2023

Urtica dioica is a species with well-established significance in folk medicine in many countries. It was utilized to support the treatment of arthritis, allergies, and urinary tract disorders; however, the substantial presence of antioxidants suggests that nettle extract could also have a positive impact on the skin. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nettle extract on human skin fibroblasts subjected to oxidative stress. Various solvents were tested to prepare an extract rich in polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential. The chemical composition was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS). H2O2 treatment was used to induce oxidative stress and cell viability, and the metabolism was evaluated through NR and MTT assays. Our study demonstrated that extraction with 80% ethanol, followed by the drying and re-dissolving of the extract in pure water, was more efficient than direct extraction with water. This yielded an extract rich in polyphenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid and caffeoylmalic acid as the predominant compounds, averaging 64.9 and 114.4 µg/mL, respectively. The extract exhibited antioxidant properties in the DPPH and ABTS assays. Furthermore, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity and did not negatively affect cell metabolism. In addition, it effectively reduced ROS in the H2O2-stimulated cells, and at the highest concentration tested, the ROS levels returned to those of the untreated control. The extract also protected against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The cell viability was maintained at the level of the untreated control when the cells were pretreated with the extract before H2O2 exposure. These findings indicate that U. dioica extract is a valuable and safe additive in skincare products.
Growth Suppression of a Robust Bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens by Porous Materials with Oxygen Functional Groups
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Ogawa Yuta , Endo Izuki , Matsushima Keiichiro , Noda Jun
Published: November 2023

Suppressing the growth of Methylobacterium species without the use of toxic chemicals has been a challenging task owing to their robustness against previous antimicrobial techniques. In this work, we prepared porous materials with various numbers and types of oxygen functional groups and investigated their ability to suppress the growth of Methylobacterium extorquens. It turned out that the number and type of oxygen functional groups in the porous materials greatly affected the growth of the bacterium. Three porous materials (resorcinol–formaldehyde gel (RF), hydrothermally treated RF (RFH), and Wakkanai siliceous shale (WS)) were tested, and RF exhibited the best performance in suppressing the growth of the bacterium. This performance is possibly due to abundant phenolic groups in the porous material.
4,4′,4″-(Benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(ethyne-2,1-diyl))tris(1-methylpyridin-1-ium) Iodide
Authors: Romagnoli Lorenza , D’Annibale Andrea , Latini Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Despite having been known for a long time, quaternary 4,4′-bipyridinium salts, or viologens, are still a highly inspiring class of compounds, thanks to their peculiar redox and charge transfer properties. However, more complex structures containing multiple pyridinium rings, also interspaced by conjugated moieties, allow an even wider synthetic variability and tunability of their characteristics. The compound described herein is a star-shaped, fully conjugated molecule with three methylated pyridinium rings connected by a triple bond spacer to a central benzene core, which was synthesized from readily available building blocks, representing a quite simple model of multi-pyridyl extended viologen; its UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectra have also been investigated.
Synthesis of Norabietyl and Nordehydroabietyl Imidazolidine-2,4,5-Triones and Their Activity against Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1
Authors: Kovaleva Kseniya S. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Chernyshova Irina A. , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Cheresiz Sergey V. , Azimirad Amirhossein , Pokrovsky Andrey G. , Lavrik Olga I. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F.
Published: November 2023

New imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones with norabietic, nordehydroabietic, and adamantane substituents were synthesized by reacting oxalyl chloride and the corresponding ureas, providing good yields. Bioisosteric replacement of the ureide group with a parabanic acid fragment made it possible to increase the solubility of compounds and conduct biological studies. The compounds inhibit the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 in submicromolar concentrations. Cytotoxic concentrations were also studied on the glioblastoma cell line SNB19.
Study on the Internal Stress and Thermal Anisotropy in Magnesium Alloys Using a Thermal Elastic Viscoplastic Self-Consistent Model
Authors: Zhu Xianyun , Wang Huamiao , Wu Yunxin
Published: November 2023

A thermal elastic viscoplastic self-consistent model is utilized to examine the thermal stress induced by the thermal anisotropy of single crystals during heat treatments. This model considers temperature-dependent elastic constants and critical resolved shear stress associated with thermal dilation. Simulation results demonstrate that under cooling, the elastic lattice strain increases significantly when constrained compared to unconstrained cooling. The deformation mechanism observed under cooling with constraint resembles tension along the constrained direction at room temperature. Polycrystals offer more deformation mechanisms to accommodate thermal anisotropy compared to single crystals, resulting in lower applied stress at the constrained boundary. Among the various observed textures, the maximum amplitude of residual lattice strain follows the following order: rolled > extruded > random. Lower thermal anisotropy in the entire polycrystal structure leads to reduced internal stress. For a single crystal within aggregates, the {00.2} plane experiences tensile lattice strain, while the {10.0} and {11.0} planes undergo compressive lattice strain due to the greater contraction of single crystals along the  direction compared to the  direction during cooling.
Shrinkage, Permeation and Freeze–Thaw Characteristics of Ambient Cured High Calcium-Based Alkali-Activated Engineered Composites
Authors: Hossain Khandaker M. A. , Sood Dhruv
Published: November 2023

Sustainable zero cement-based one-part ambient cured alkali-activated engineered composites (AAECs) are developed. The durability and microstructural characteristics of developed AAECs using 2% v/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, silica sand, binary or ternary combinations of precursors (fly ash class C ‘FA-C’, fly ash class F ‘FA-F’ and ground granulated blast furnace slag ‘GGBFS’) and two types of powder form alkaline reagents (Type 1 and Type 2) are evaluated compared to conventional engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) and alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) without fiber. AAECs developed satisfactory compressive strength ranging from 34 MPa to 46 MPa. Expansion/shrinkage and mass change (loss/gain) behaviors are affected by binary/ternary combination of source materials, reagent types and curing regimes (water or ambient) for both AAMs and AAECs. The binary (FA-C + GGBFS) and reagent 2 (calcium hydroxide + sodium sulfate) composites demonstrated lower shrinkage due to formation of crystalline C-A-S-H/C-S-H binding phases than their ternary (FA-C + FA-F + GGBFS) and reagent 1 (calcium hydroxide + sodium metasilicate) counterparts which formed amorphous N-C-A-S-H/N-A-S-H phases. The matrix densification due to the formation of reaction products and fiber-induced micro-confinement leads to lower shrinkage and mass change of AAECs compared to their AAM counterparts. Composites exhibited lower or comparable secondary sorptivity indices compared to control ECC, indicating their superior permeation performance. All AAECs had a relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) greater than 90% at 300 cycles (comparable to control ECC), exhibiting satisfactory freeze–thaw resistance with reagent 2 mixes showing better performance compared to those with reagent 1. The production feasibility of strain hardening AAECs with powder form reagents having satisfactory mechanical and durability properties is confirmed.
Experimental Study on Effects of CO2 Curing Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Containing CO2 Reactive Hardening Calcium Silicate Cement
Authors: Kim Young-Jin , Sim Sang-Rak , Ryu Dong-Woo
Published: November 2023

Human survival is threatened by the rapid climate change due to global warming caused by the increase in CO2 emissions since the Second Industrial Revolution. This study developed a secondary cement product production technology by replacing cement, a conventional binder, with calcium silicate cement (CSC), i.e., CO2 reactive hardening cement, to reduce CO2 emissions and utilize CO2 from the cement industry, which emits CO2 in large quantities. Results showed that the carbonation depth, compressive strength increase rate, and CO2 sequestration rate increased as the CSC content increased, suggesting that CSC can be applied as a secondary cement product.
The Effect of Calcium Ions on hIAPP Channel Activity: Possible Implications in T2DM
Authors: Meleleo Daniela , Cibelli Giuseppe , Valenzano Anna , Mastrodonato Maria , Mallamaci Rosanna
Published: November 2023

The calcium ion (Ca2+) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the role of Ca2+ in this disorder is the subject of intense investigation. Serum Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is associated with the development of insulin resistance, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms involving Ca2+ ions in pancreatic β-cell loss and subsequently in T2DM remain poorly understood. Implicated in the decline in β-cell functions are aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a small peptide secreted by β-cells that shows a strong tendency to self-aggregate into β-sheet-rich aggregates that evolve toward the formation of amyloid deposits and mature fibrils. The soluble oligomers of hIAPP can permeabilize the cell membrane by interacting with bilayer lipids. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ca2+ on the ability of the peptide to incorporate and form ion channels in zwitterionic planar lipid membranes (PLMs) composed of palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and on the aggregation process of hIAPP molecules in solution. Our results may help to clarify the link between Ca2+ ions, hIAPP peptide, and consequently the pathophysiology of T2DM.
The Use of Acid Leaching to Recover Metals from Tailings: A Review
Authors: Maltrana Valeria , Morales Jaime
Published: November 2023

Mine tailings deposits are often overlooked by the industry, posing significant environmental challenges due to chemical hazards and inadequate maintenance. Nevertheless, such mineral deposits hold considerable economic potential for processing, and the adoption of innovative technologies may also address critical chemical and physical stability issues. Existing research has demonstrated the feasibility of recovering target metals—i.e., copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and others—through the application of acid leaching techniques with consistently high yields and metal recovery rates. Therefore, a compilation was carried out from 2008 onwards, on working conditions such as leaching agent, acid concentration, oxidizing-reducing reagent, particle size, O2 pressure, stirring speed, solid–liquid ratio, temperature, and leaching time. At present, there are no reviews on the recovery of metals via acid leaching in tailings, so this study can serve as support for future researchers who want to project themselves in this area, ordering the procedures and the results obtained by the research carried out. Regarding the evaluation, it can be commented that research has shown that acid leaching of tailings has achieved recoveries of over 90% in different metals, such as Zn, Cu, and Fe, which indicates that the treatment is efficient and recommended for different types of tailings.
Corrosion Behavior of the Cu24Zn5Al Alloy in Sodium Sulfate Solution in the Presence of 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole
Authors: Gardić Vojka , Tasić Žaklina Z. , Petrović Mihajlović Marija B. , Radovanović Milan B. , Antonijević Milan M.
Published: November 2023

The results of this research on the electrochemical behavior of Cu24Zn5Al alloy in a 0.1 mol/dm3 sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution containing 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (PMT) are presented in this paper. The influence of PMT concentration, chloride ion concentration, and pre-treatment were examined. The influence of pre-treatment was studied in terms of the effect of the immersion time of the electrode in the appropriate inhibitor solution. After selecting the optimal immersion time, its effect on the behavior of the Cu24Zn5Al alloy was tested in a 0.1 mol/dm3 solution of sodium sulfate in the presence of different concentrations of chloride ions. Research shown that with the increase of PMT concentration, the anodic current density around the corrosion potential decreases, indicating that PMT behaves as a corrosion inhibitor for Cu24Zn5Al alloy.
Synthesis of Imidazole-Compound-Coated Copper Nanoparticles with Promising Antioxidant and Sintering Properties
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Xianchong , Chen Ziyuan , Wu Song , Lai Haiqi , Ta Shiwo , Lin Tingyu , Yang Guannan , Cui Chengqiang
Published: November 2023

In this study, we present a facile method for preparing oxidation-resistant Cu nanoparticles through a liquid-phase reduction with imidazole compounds (imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, and benzimidazole) that serve as protective and dispersing agents. Through a complexation reaction between Cu atoms, the imidazole compounds can form a protective film on the Cu nanoparticles to prevent the particles from rapidly oxidizing. We compared the effects of the four kinds of imidazole compounds on the oxidation resistance and sintering properties of Cu particles. The Cu particles prepared with benzimidazole could be stored in the air for 30 days without being oxidized. After sintering at 300 °C and 2 MPa, the joint of the particles could reach a shear strength of 32 MPa, which meets the requirements for microelectronic packaging.
The Interaction between the Oral Microbiome and Systemic Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pisano Massimo , Giordano Francesco , Sangiovanni Giuseppe , Capuano Nicoletta , Acerra Alfonso , D’Ambrosio Francesco
Published: November 2023

Background: The human being is defined as a ‘superorganism’ since it is made up of its own cells and microorganisms that reside inside and outside the human body. Commensal microorganisms, which are even ten times more numerous than the cells present in the body, perform very important functions for the host, as they contribute to the health of the host, resist pathogens, maintain homeostasis, and modulate the immune system. In the mouth, there are different types of microorganisms, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, often organized in communities. The aim of this umbrella review is to evaluate if there is a connection between the oral microbiome and systematic diseases. Methodology: A literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, the COCHRANE library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without any restrictions. Because of the large number of articles included and the wide range of methods and results among the studies found, it was not possible to report the results in the form of a systematic review or meta-analysis. Therefore, a narrative review was conducted. We obtained 73.931 results, of which 3593 passed the English language filter. After the screening of the titles and abstracts, non-topic entries were excluded, but most articles obtained concerned interactions between the oral microbiome and systemic diseases. Discussion: A description of the normal microbial flora was present in the oral cavity both in physiological conditions and in local pathological conditions and in the most widespread systemic pathologies. Furthermore, the therapeutic precautions that the clinician can follow in order to intervene on the change in the microbiome have been described. Conclusions: This review highlights what are the intercorrelations of the oral microbiota in healthy subjects and in subjects in pathological conditions. According to several recent studies, there is a clear correlation between dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Tolerance Evaluation of Celery Commercial Cultivars and Genetic Variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii
Authors: Blanco-Meneses Mónica , Serrano-Porras Mauricio , Calderón-Abarca Anny , Sebiani-Calvo Alejandro , Vargas Gabriel , Castro-Zúñiga Oscar
Published: November 2023

Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is affected by several plant diseases, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa). Four Foa races have been found in the US. The goals of this study were to determine which races are present in Costa Rica and to quantify the tolerance of the imported commercial cultivars of celery produced in the country. Isolates from 125 symptomatic celery plants from three different geographical locations were analyzed, 65 of which were selected for phylogenetic analysis. All isolates presented a short sequence of five nucleotides that differentiates Foa race 3 in the IGS rDNA region. Three different haplotypes closely related to race 3 were found, which were highly virulent, produced great losses, and affected all cultivars (resistant to races 2 and 4) of imported commercial celery. Additionally, five different cultivars of celery were evaluated against seven pathogen isolates identified as race 3 in greenhouse conditions. Two of the cultivars showed significantly less chlorosis, wilting, mortality, and higher fresh weight. Most of the Foa isolates significantly increased chlorosis, wilting, and mortality compared to non-inoculated control. Celery producers in Costa Rica lack access to seeds resistant to the Foa race 3 present in the country.
Pore- and Core-Scale Recovery Performance of Consortium Bacteria from Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Bian Ziwei , Song Zhiyong , Zhi Zena , Zhang Xiangchun , Qu Yiqian , Chai Ruiyang , Wu Hanning , Wu Yifei
Published: November 2023

Performance evaluation of microorganisms that have emulsifying and degrading effects on crude oil has been extensively conducted in the laboratory. However, the ultimate goal of microbial enhanced oil recovery is field application, so the pilot simulation experiments are crucial. In this study, a micro-visualization model and the real cores were chosen to investigate the actual recovery efficiency and the mechanism of the consortium bacteria B-ALL, which has been proven to have good emulsification and degradation effects in lab studies in porous media. At the same time, the cast thin sections and rate-controlled porosimetry were combined to analyze the pore throat structure of the displacement core. It was found that the recovery efficiency was positively correlated with the microbial injection volume as well as the incubation time. For the microscopic model with high pores and high permeability, the efficiency of secondary water flooding can be increased by 44.77% after six days of incubation with two pore volume microbes. For the real tight cores, the maximum secondary water flooding efficiency under the same condition was 6.98%. Through visual modeling, microorganisms increase the oil washing efficiency mainly by emulsification and changing the wettability. The generated oil droplets will play a role in plugging and improving the wave efficiency. However, tight reservoirs have the characteristics of large pores and small throats, and curved and necking throats are developed, greatly reducing permeability. The microbial recovery efficiency was lower under shorter cultivation times. This study provides a practical basis for the application of consortium bacteria in tight oil fields to enhance recovery.
Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity through Synergistic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Plant Secondary Metabolites: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Prasad Karthika , Sasi Syamlal , Weerasinghe Janith , Levchenko Igor , Bazaka Kateryna
Published: November 2023

The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms possesses a great threat to human health and the environment. Considering the exponential increase in the spread of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, it would be prudent to consider the use of alternative antimicrobial agents or therapies. Only a sustainable, sustained, determined, and coordinated international effort will provide the solutions needed for the future. Plant secondary metabolites show bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity similar to that of conventional antibiotics. However, to effectively eliminate infection, secondary metabolites may need to be activated by heat treatment or combined with other therapies. Cold atmospheric plasma therapy is yet another novel approach that has proven antimicrobial effects. In this review, we explore the physiochemical mechanisms that may give rise to the improved antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites when combined with cold atmospheric plasma therapy.
Composition of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. Steam and Leaf Phenolic Extract and Its Protective Mechanism on t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Damage of HepG2 Cells
Authors: Tang Shuang , Yong Jin , Yan Jin , Peng Teng , Long Fei , Chen Hulan
Published: November 2023

Plant phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the composition and antioxidant activity of phenol extracts from Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. steam and leaf (PPP). The FTIR, UPLC-Q-Obtrip-MS, and HPLC−DAD methods were used to analyze the composition of PPP, and 20 phenolic compounds were preliminarily identified. Among them, the contents of hyperin, astragalin, and diosmetin levels were the highest. Treatment with PPP can significantly reduce t-BHP-induced cell damage in HepG2 cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH−Px) activities can be increased. Moreover, PPP enhanced Nrf2 expression, which was consistent with that of heme oxygenase-1 (HO−1), glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), whereas the expression of Keap1, the Nrf2 inhibitor, was decreased. All findings indicate that PPP can serve as a natural bioactive substance for preventing oxidative stress.
Mechanistic Study on the Corrosion of (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ Cathodes Induced by CO2
Authors: Xu Na , Zhang Shijiao , Zhou Qiongyu , Wang Hairui , Zhao Lina , Xu Zhanlin
Published: November 2023

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cathodes operating in ambient atmospheric conditions inevitably encounter CO2 contamination, leading to sustained performance deterioration. In this investigation, we examined the impact of CO2 on three variants of (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes and employed the distribution of relaxation times method to distinguish distinct electrochemical processes based on impedance spectra analysis. We meticulously analyzed and discussed the corrosion resistance of these (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes under high CO2 concentrations, relying on the experimental data. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results revealed that La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF−6428), La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF−4628), and La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3-δ (LSCFN−46271) cathodes exhibited persistent degradation when exposed to CO2 at temperatures of 650 °C or 800 °C during the durability-testing period. An increase in electrode polarization resistance was observed upon CO2 introduction to the electrode, but electrode performance recovered upon returning to a pure air environment. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that CO2 did not cause permanent damage to the (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes. These findings indicate that the (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes exhibit excellent resistance to CO2-induced corrosion.
Exploration of the Linkages between Lignin and Carbohydrates in Kraft Pulp from Wheat Straw Using a 13C/2H Isotopic Tracer
Authors: Niu Hujun , Chen Xudong , Zhao Yunbo , Zhou Junyi , Xie Yimin
Published: November 2023

To further our understanding of the change in association between lignin and carbohydrates after kraft pulping, isotope-labeled kraft pulp (KP) was prepared using 13C and D double-isotope-labeled wheat straw, and it was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and ionic liquid treatment to explore the linkages between lignin and carbohydrate complexes in wheat straw. Isotope abundance determination showed that 13C and D abundances in the experimental groups were substantially higher than those in the control group, indicating that the injected exogenous coniferin-[α-13C], coniferin-[γ-13C], and d-glucose-[6-D2] were effectively absorbed and metabolized during wheat internode growth. Solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed that lignin was mainly linked to polysaccharides via acetal, benzyl ether, and benzyl ester bonds. Kraft pulp (KP) from the labeled wheat straw was degraded by cellulase. The obtained residue was fractionated using the ionic liquid DMSO/TBAH to separate the cellulose–lignin complex (KP-CLC) and xylan–lignin complex (KP-XLC). X-ray diffractometer determination showed that the KP-CLC regenerated cellulose type II from type I after the ionic liquid conversion. The 13C-NMR spectrum of Ac-En-KP-CLC showed that the cellulose–lignin complex structure was chemically bonded between the lignin and cellulose through acetal and benzyl ether bonds. The 13C-NMR spectrum of En-KP-XLC showed a lignin–hemicellulose complex structure, wherein lignin and xylan were chemically bonded by benzyl ether and acetal bonds. These results indicate that the cross-linking between lignin and carbohydrates exists in lignocellulosic fibers even after kraft pulping.
Quercetin-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents
Authors: Carreiro Elisabete P. , Costa Ana R. , Antunes Célia M. , Ernesto Sofia , Pinto Flávia , Rodrigues Beatriz , Burke Anthony J.
Published: November 2023

The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to rise and, despite the efforts of researchers, there are still no effective treatments for this multifaceted disease. The main objective of this work was the search for multifunctional and more effective anti-Alzheimer agents. Herein, we report the evaluation of a library of quercetin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (I–IV) in antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress protection, and cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities. Hybrids IIf and IVa-d showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity on eqBuChE (IC50 values between 11.2 and 65.7 μM). Hybrid IIf, the best inhibitor, was stronger than galantamine, displaying an IC50 value of 11.2 μM for eqBuChE, and is also a competitive inhibitor. Moreover, toxicity evaluation for the most promising hybrids was performed using the Artemia salina toxicity assay, showing low toxicity. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd did not affect viability at 12.5 μM and also displayed a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in cell damage in MCF-7 cells. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd act as multifunctional ligands in AD pathologies.
Advance in Detection Technique of Lean Meat Powder Residues in Meat Using SERS: A Review
Authors: Guo Qinghui , Peng Yankun , Qin Jianwei , Chao Kuanglin , Zhao Xinlong , Yin Tianzhen
Published: November 2023

Food that contains lean meat powder (LMP) can cause human health issues, such as nausea, headaches, and even death for consumers. Traditional methods for detecting LMP residues in meat are often time-consuming and complex and lack sensitivity. This article provides a review of the research progress on the use of surface–enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology for detecting residues of LMP in meat. The review also discusses several applications of SERS technology for detecting residues of LMP in meat, including the enhanced detection of LMP residues in meat based on single metal nanoparticles, combining metal nanoparticles with adsorbent materials, combining metal nanoparticles with immunizing and other chemicals, and combining the SERS technology with related techniques. As SERS technology continues to develop and improve, it is expected to become an even more widely used and effective tool for detecting residues of LMP in meat.
Effect of Nanocarbon on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminum Composites by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Rativa-Parada Wilson , Sirikumara Hansika I. , Karunanithy Robinson , Sivakumar Poopalasingam , Jayasekera Thushari , Nilufar Sabrina
Published: November 2023

6061 aluminum composites with 0.5 and 1 vol. % graphene nanoplatelets as well as 1 and 2 vol. % activated nanocarbon were manufactured by a powder metallurgy method. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the morphology, structure, and distribution of nanocarbon reinforcements in the composite samples. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the aluminum-carbon bonding and the effects of hybridized networks of carbon atoms on nanocarbon aluminum matrix composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed the good distribution and low agglomeration tendencies of nanoparticles in the composites. The formation of secondary phases at the materials interface was not detected in the hot-pressed composites. Raman spectroscopy showed structural changes in the reinforced composites after the manufacturing process. The results from Density Functional Theory calculations suggest that it is thermodynamically possible to form carbon rings in the aluminum matrix, which may be responsible for the improved mechanical strength. Our results also suggest that these carbon networks are graphene-like, which also agrees with the Raman spectroscopy data. Micro-Vickers hardness and compressive tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of the samples. Composites presented enhanced hardness, yield and ultimate strength compared to the 6061 aluminum alloy with no nanocarbon reinforcement. Ductility was also affected, as shown by the reduction in elongation and by the number of dimples in the fractured surfaces of the materials.
Cognitive Failure in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Valuable Adjunct Measure for Enhancing Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Pozzato Ilaria , Arora Mohit , McBain Candice , Wijesuriya Nirupama , Tran Yvonne , Middleton James W. , Craig Ashley R.
Published: November 2023

Cognitive impairment is common in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), impacting their daily functioning and rehabilitation. This study assesses the extent of self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life in persons with SCI and its relationships with objective neurocognitive measures and psychosocial factors, including depressive mood, anxiety, perceived control, and fatigue. The differences between forty-one adults with a chronic SCI and forty-one able-bodied controls were examined. The participants completed the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) to assess cognitive failure and neurocognitive tests assessing attention and executive functions, as well as a psychosocial assessment. The SCI group reported higher cognitive failure rates than the able-bodied group (31.7% versus 19%, p > 0.05). Objective neurocognitive tests did not significantly correlate with the CFQ scores in either group. However, the CFQ scores were positively associated with most psychosocial factors, even after controlling for covariates. The CFQ scores were significantly associated with depressive mood in persons with SCI. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating self-reported cognitive measures into neurocognitive assessments and rehabilitation planning for adults with SCI. Self-reports capture everyday cognitive challenges that objective tests may miss. Additionally, this study highlights the strong connections between cognitive failures and psychosocial issues, particularly mood disorders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive rehabilitation and psychosocial support post-SCI, addressing both cognitive and emotional wellbeing.
Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in Male Offspring of Rat Dams Fed High-Fat Diet, Which Is Associated with the Regulation of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Huaqi , Wang Yutong , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Li , Zhao Xuenuo , Xu Yan , Wang Peng , Liang Xi , Xue Meilan , Liang Hui
Published: November 2023

Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy have been demonstrated to impact the structure of the gut microbiota in offspring, altering their susceptibility to diseases. This study is designed to elucidate whether the impact of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on hepatic steatosis in male offspring of rat dams exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) is related to gut–liver axis homeostasis. In this study, female rats were administered a HFD and simultaneously supplemented with 5 mg/kg folic acid throughout their pregnancy. Histopathological examination showed that folic acid supplementation effectively ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory infiltrate in male offspring subjected to a maternal HFD. Maternal folic acid supplementation reduced the abundance of Desulfobacterota and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio in male offspring. The expression of tight junction proteins in the colon was significantly upregulated, and the serum LPS level was significantly reduced. Furthermore, there was a notable reduction in the hepatic expression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequent inflammatory mediators. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed significant associations between hepatic inflammation-related indices and several gut microbiota, particularly Desulfobacterota and Lactobacillus. With a reduction in hepatic inflammation, the expression of PPAR-α was upregulated, and the expression of SREBP-1c and its downstream lipid metabolism-related genes was downregulated. In summary, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy modulates gut microbiota and enhances intestinal barrier integrity in male offspring of HFD dams. This helps reduce the LPS leakage and suppress the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the liver, thereby improving lipid metabolism disorders, and alleviating hepatic steatosis.
The Attitudes of 7–9 Year Old Primary School Students towards Food and Nutrition: Insights from Qualitative FGI Research—The Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ) Project
Authors: Gutkowska Krystyna , Hamułka Jadwiga , Czarniecka-Skubina Ewa
Published: November 2023

Optimal nutrition is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting human health. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of primary school students aged 7–9 towards nutrition considering three fundamental components: knowledge, emotional disposition, and dietary behaviors. The research was conducted using the Focus Group Interview (FGI) technique among 78 children. Considering their attitudes towards food and nutrition, four profiles were identified: “engaged”, “obedient”, “reluctant”, and “indifferent”. Children who were “engaged” and “obedient” due to their parents’ involvement in creating their dietary attitudes exhibited the most alignment with the principles of optimal nutrition. Regardless of profile type, it was observed that children were familiar with recommended and unrecommended food products, as well as the role of water in proper nutrition. It was demonstrated that parents wield the most substantial influence on children’s nutrition. As a result, initiatives promoting the proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle should commence with parents. Children of nutritionally conscious parents tend to eat more healthily and demonstrate a high nutritional awareness. Conversely, the children of busy parents who lack time for meal preparation more frequently replicate their parents’ nutritional mistakes. These findings emphasize the importance of the family environment in shaping the dietary behaviors of children and youth.
A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease
Authors: Fujishima Nobuhiro , Komiya Kosaku , Yamasue Mari , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi
Published: November 2023

Purpose: As the number of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease is significantly increasing worldwide, several studies have focused on the prognostic factors associated with the disease. This systematic review investigated the factors associated with mortality among patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Methods: Two investigators independently identified studies that were designed to determine risk factors for mortality in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease from PubMed, the Cochrane Register of Control Trial database, and EMBASE (accessed on 25 November 2022). Results: Of the 1133 titles and abstracts screened, 54 full texts were selected for review, and 15 studies were finally included in this systematic review. The most commonly studied risk factors were advanced age and low body mass index (11 studies for each), followed by male sex (8 studies), hypoalbuminemia (5 studies), and cavity (5 studies). In each study, these factors were mostly associated with increased all-cause mortality among patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease as confirmed via multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Advanced age, male sex, low body mass index, hypoalbuminemia, and cavity are likely to be the common risk factors for all-cause mortality among patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, suggesting that patients with these factors need to be carefully monitored.
Analgesic Activity of 5-Acetamido-2-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid Derivatives and an In-Vivo and In-Silico Analysis of Their Target Interactions
Authors: Santos Cleydson B. R. , Lobato Cleison C. , Ota Sirlene S. B. , Silva Rai C. , Bittencourt Renata C. V. S. , Freitas Jofre J. S. , Ferreira Elenilze F. B. , Ferreira Marília B. , Silva Renata C. , De Lima Anderson B. , Campos Joaquín M. , Borges Rosivaldo S. , Bittencourt José A. H. M.
Published: November 2023

The design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with better activity and lower side effects are big challenges today. In this work, two 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives were proposed, increasing the alkyl position (methyl) in an acetamide moiety, and synthesized, and their structural elucidation was performed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The changes in methyl in larger groups such as phenyl and benzyl aim to increase their selectivity over cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). These 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives were prepared using classic methods of acylation reactions with anhydride or acyl chloride. Pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties were predicted using computational tools, and their binding affinity (kcal/mol) with COX-2 receptors (Mus musculus and Homo sapiens) was analyzed using docking studies (PDB ID 4PH9, 5KIR, 1PXX and 5F1A). An in-silico study showed that 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivates have a better bioavailability and binding affinity with the COX-2 receptor, and in-vivo anti-nociceptive activity was investigated by means of a writhing test induced by acetic acid and a hot plate. PS3, at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg, reduced painful activity by 74% and 75%, respectively, when compared to the control group (20 mg/kg). Regarding the anti-nociceptive activity, the benzyl showed reductions in painful activity when compared to acetaminophen and 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid. However, the proposed derivatives are potentially more active than 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid and they support the design of novel and safer derivative candidates. Consequently, more studies need to be conducted to evaluate the different pharmacological actions, the toxicity of possible metabolites that can be generated, and their potential use in inflammation and pain therapy.
Expanding the Potential of Self-Assembled Silk Fibroin as Aerogel Particles for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Bernardes Beatriz G. , Baptista-Silva Sara , Illanes-Bordomás Carlos , Magalhães Rui , Dias Juliana Rosa , Alves Nuno M. F. , Costa Raquel , García-González Carlos A. , Oliveira Ana Leite
Published: November 2023

A newly produced silk fibroin (SF) aerogel particulate system using a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-assisted drying technology is herein proposed for biomedical applications. Different concentrations of silk fibroin (3%, 5%, and 7% (w/v)) were explored to investigate the potential of this technology to produce size- and porosity-controlled particles. Laser diffraction, helium pycnometry, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy were performed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the material. The enzymatic degradation profile of the SF aerogel particles was evaluated by immersion in protease XIV solution, and the biological properties by cell viability and cell proliferation assays. The obtained aerogel particles were mesoporous with high and concentration dependent specific surface area (203–326 m2/g). They displayed significant antioxidant activity and sustained degradation in the presence of protease XIV enzyme. The in vitro assessment using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) confirm the particles’ biocompatibility, as well as the enhancement in cell viability and proliferation.