bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Components of Seaweeds as Potential Candidates in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ruan Ban-Feng , Ge Wei-Wei , Lin Meng-Xue , Li Qing-Shan
Published: June 2018

The marine natural products (MNPs) isolated from seaweeds-associated microbial communities have
received substantial attention owing to their exceptional nutritional and pharmacology application, such as antiviral,
anticancer, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties and so on. Particularly, there are several
MNPs that have been displayed attractive value for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review
covers the literature published in the recent 5 years on the novel anticancer MNPs discovered originating from
seaweeds, and focused on the chemistry and relative anticancer activities of new MNPs which categorize their
source organisms. These seaweed-derived MNPs are categorized based on their origin as brown algae, red algae,
cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and others.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among HIV Positive Patients Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mama Mohammedaman , Manilal Aseer , Tesfa Haile , Mohammed Hawa , Erbo Endeshaw
Published: June 2018

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely contagious disease detrimentally affecting virtually every organ, most importantly the lungs. Pulmonary complications have been one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality since the advent of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) pandemic. The AIDS virus has considerably reshape the epidemiology of TB by widening the risk of reactivating latent TB, increasing the possibility of TB infection once contracted to tubercle bacilli (re-infection) and by elevating the risk of rapid progression instantly after the infection. In this background, this study is intended to understand the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors amongst Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Arba Minch General hospital during the study period (March to May, 2016).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out at Arba Minch Hospital from March to May, 2016. To assess the associated factors, a pre-tested structured questionnaire has been used. Sputum samples were collected and examined microscopically by using acid fast staining. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Services, version 20.

Results:

Totally, 291 HIV positive patients were included in this study of which 71.5% were females and 28.5% were males. It was found that 42.3% of respondents were in the age ranged between 31-40 years. Of the 291 patients screened, 21 were positively diagnosed with pulmonary TB making the overall prevalence rate of 7.2%. From this study, it was revealed that CD4 count, previous history of tuberculosis and smoking were the significant predictors of tuberculosis (p˂0.05) in HIV patients.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study envisaged that the prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection was 7.2%. Previous history of TB, CD4 count less than 200/μl, and smoking habit were the possible risk factors elucidated. Therefore, TB screening among HIV-positive patients, public awareness, and community mobilization should be encouraged.
A Review of Data Quality Assessment in Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Mashoufi Mehrnaz , Ayatollahi Haleh , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Data quality is an important issue in emergency medicine. The unique characteristics of emergency care services, such as high turn-over and the speed of work may increase the possibility of making errors in the related settings. Therefore, regular data quality assessment is necessary to avoid the consequences of low quality data. This study aimed to identify the main dimensions of data quality which had been assessed, the assessment approaches, and generally, the status of data quality in the emergency medical services.

Methods:

The review was conducted in 2016. Related articles were identified by searching databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science. All of the review and research papers related to data quality assessment in the emergency care services and published between 2000 and 2015 (n=34) were included in the study.

Results:

The findings showed that the five dimensions of data quality; namely, data completeness, accuracy, consistency, accessibility, and timeliness had been investigated in the field of emergency medical services. Regarding the assessment methods, quantitative research methods were used more than the qualitative or the mixed methods. Overall, the results of these studies showed that data completeness and data accuracy requires more attention to be improved.

Conclusion:

In the future studies, choosing a clear and a consistent definition of data quality is required. Moreover, the use of qualitative research methods or the mixed methods is suggested, as data users’ perspectives can provide a broader picture of the reasons for poor quality data.
The Perception of Professional Nurses About the Introduction of the National Health Insurance (NHI) in a Private Hospital in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Molokomme V.K. , Seekoe E. , Goon D.T.
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Based on concerns raised by professional nurses working in a private hospital that hinge on financial implication of the NHI, the state of public health sector and implications of the NHI to the South African health system prompted the need to determine their perceptions on the introduction of the NHI in a private hospital in Gauteng province, South Africa.

Methods:

A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design using a semi-structured individual interview schedule was conducted. Coding and thematic analysis of data were done. The sample was purposive, consisting of 18 professional nurses from a private hospital in Gauteng, South Africa.

Results:

Findings indicated that they acknowledge the principles of the NHI such as a right to access healthcare, equity, affordability, efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness. However, there were concerns on the Department of Health’s ability to ensure adequate human resources, sufficient equipment, safe infrastructure, meeting the national core standards which are still hampered by challenges experienced in public hospitals. Participants indicated that the government is not ready for the implementation of the NHI, based on the perceived non-transparency on outcomes from NHI pilot sites.

Conclusion:

General views concerning funding challenges, based on perceived mismanagement of funds and irregular expenditure as well as poor communication with all stakeholders involved in the implementation of the NHI were raised. The NHI is not only about financing, it involves service delivery, management and governance of health care services. There is a gap in information available to healthcare workers concerning the implementation of the NHI in South Africa.
Evaluation of antihypertensive adherence and its determinants at primary healthcare facilities in rural South Africa
Authors: Rampamba Enos M , Meyer Johanna C , Godman Brian , Kurdi Amanj , Helberg Elvera
Published: June 2018

Aim:
To evaluate adherence to antihypertensive treatment in rural South Africa and identify potential determinants given concerns with adherence and its impact in this priority disease area.
Patients & methods:
Face-to-face interviews with hypertensive patients and rating their adherence to treatment using defined categorized responses. Associations between adherence and patient characteristics assessed and sensitivity analyses performed.
Results:
54.6% of patients were adherent to treatment. Controlled blood pressure (BP; odds ratios [OR] = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.8; p = 0.019), comorbidity (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6; p = 0.032) and smoking (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8; p = 0.018) were associated with adherence.
Conclusion:
Adherence and BP control were suboptimal, only smoking was an independent risk factor for adherence. Adherent patients were twice as likely to have controlled BP, although results were sensitive to the definition of adherence. Initiatives are in place to improve adherence, which will be monitored.
¿Qué es un showrunner?
Authors: Landau Neil
Published: June 2018

En el cine el director es el rey. En el negocio de las series de televisión el showrunner decide respecto a las tomas. Un showrunner es casi siempre el escritor en jefe y el productor ejecutivo de la serie de televisión. Muy a menudo, pero no siempre, el showrunner es también el creador de la serie. En muchos casos, la cadena de televisión comprará la premisa o pitch de la serie, o un guión piloto ya terminado, que se ha escrito de manera especulativa por un guionista que tiene muy poca o ninguna experiencia en producción. En tales casos los estudios o la cadena de televisión trabajarán juntos para asignar a un showrunner experimentado la supervisión de toda la escritura de la serie, y este productor ejecutivo tendrá la última palabra respecto a todas las decisiones de producción, incluyendo el reparto, las locaciones, la dirección de arte, la contratación de los directores para cada episodio, y todos los cortes finales en la posproducción de la serie. No todos los productores ejecutivos son showrunners, pero a todos los showrunners se les da el crédito como productores ejecutivos.
Haznos reír, Cómo conocí a tu madre
Authors: Landau Neil
Published: June 2018

Creo que inicialmente queríamos escribir un programa con una sola cámara, pero la sabiduría de entonces decía que la comedia con una sola cámara no estaba funcionando (recuerde: eso ocurrió hace nueve años), por lo que tomamos un montón de elementos de ese estilo —como mayor número de escenas, más edición, más trabajo cinemático de cámara— y lo filmamos con cuatro cámaras y agregamos una pista de risas. El estilo se desarrolló de manera natural a partir de eso.
Factors affecting consumers’ willingness to pay for animal welfare eggs in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Yu-Chen
Published: June 2018

In this research, a dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey was conducted to investigate consumers’ willingness to pay for animal welfare eggs in Taiwan. A double-bounded interval-data model is used to estimate willingness to pay for animal welfare eggs. The estimation results showed that the average willingness to pay is 14.4259 NTD per egg. The results of this research also showed that demographic variables such as age, income, education degree, occupation, and religion had an impact on willingness to pay for animal welfare eggs. The respondents associate with traditional religions such as Buddhism and Taoism were willing to pay more than those who were unassociated. The empirical results also revealed that respondents were willing to pay for animal welfare products partly because of their food safety concerns.
IGNITE your corporate innovation: insights from setting up an ag-tech start-up accelerator
Authors: Connolly Aidan J. , Turner Justin , Potocki Alexa D.
Published: June 2018

In today’s market era of rapid technological innovation even the most established agribusiness players risk being left behind in the wake of disruptive technology. How can large agriculture companies keep up? One emerging possibility for corporate innovation is that of the corporate start-up accelerator. Companies across all sectors, including agricultural and food technology, are increasingly using these programs to tap into early innovation. In 2017, Alltech ran its first program, the Pearse Lyons Accelerator for agri-business and ag-tech start-ups. This article serves to describe and analyze how corporate accelerators have populated start-up ecosystems and how the ag-tech and food sectors are reflecting this trend. Recommendations based on experience and critical feedback are presented to those considering developing their own accelerators and the role it might play in responsible innovation.
Synthesis and investigation of solvent effects on the ultraviolet absorption spectra of 5-substituted-4-methyl-3-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-pyridones
Authors: Mijin Dusan , Uscumlic Gordana , Valentic Natasa
Published: June 2018

A number of 5-substituted-4-methyl-3-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-pyridones from
cyanoacetamide and the corresponding alkyl ethyl acetoacetates were
synthesized according to modified literature procedures. The alkyl ethyl
acetoacetates were obtained by the reaction of C-alkylation of ethyl
acetoacetate. An investigation of the reaction conditions for the synthesis
of 4-methyl-3-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-pyridone from cyanoacetamide and ethyl
acetoacetate in eight different solvents was also performed. The ultraviolet
absorption spectra of synthesized pyridones were measured in nine different
solvents in the range 200-400 nm. The effects of solvent polarity and
hydrogen bonding on the absorption spectra are interpreted by means of
linear solvation energy relationships using a general equation of the form v
= vo + s?*+a?+b?, where ?* is a measure of the solvent polarity, ? is the
scale of the solvent hydrogen bond donor acidities and ? is the scale of the
solvent hydrogen bond acceptor basicities.
Thermodynamical consideration of the synthesis of solid AlN from thermal plasma
Authors: Radic-Peric Jelena , Pekas Nikola
Published: June 2018

The synthesis process of solid AlN in thermal plasmas was investigated
theoretically by computing the equilibrium composition of the gas mixture
involving nitrogen and various amounts of aluminum, oxygen and hydrogen for
the temperature range between 1000 and 5500 K. The results obtained by
treating the plasma as a single-gas system were combined with those which
take into account the presence of solid AlN and liquid Al, to find the
optimal conditions for the deposition of solid AlN. The factors determining
the efficiency of this process are discussed.
Autoxidation of tryptophan in aqueous solutions
Authors: Jankovic Ivana , Josimovic Ljubica
Published: June 2018

Autoxidation of tryptophan was investigated in aqueous solutions by the gamma
radiolytic technique. The oxygen uptake and formation of peroxide materials
was followed as a function of pH, dose rate and concentration of tryptophan.
The results obtained indicate that TrpH(OH)OO. radicals react with
tryptophan by adduct formation thus propagating autoxidation. The chain
propagation length (CPL) for a 2x10-2 mol dm-3 tryptophan solution at pH 9.5
and a dose rate 0.01Gy s-1 was estimated to be ? 5.8, which shows that the
autoxidation of tryptophan is a short chain reaction.
Stabilization of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals by chemical additives
Authors: Vucina Jurij , Vukicevic Nadezda
Published: June 2018

The reliability and applicability of the preparation of the three, for
nuclear medicine very important, 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals from the
inactive (technetium-cold) kit solutions were tested. Each examined
commercial kit was dissolved in saline (0.9% NaCl). The conditions of the
storage of the inactive kit solutions till labeling were examined. The main
problem is the stablity of the reductant stannous ions which is very
difficult to predict. To stabilize and ensure a good quality of the labeled
radiopharmaceuticals, ascorbic or gentisic acid were added. It was found
that the best results were obtained by keeping the samples frozen at -20?C.
Both stabilizers can be used but for an effective protection much lower
concentrations of ascorbic acid are needed. Its concentrations of 12-60
?g/ml of the kit, stabilized dimercaptosuccinate (DMS) and pyrophosphate
(PyP) for about 7-8 days. The solution of 2,3-dicarboxypropane-
1,1-diphosphonate (DPD) was found to be stable even without the stabilizer.
This could be attributed probably to the chemical nature of this complex.
However, in routine praxis the applied procedure demands great care and
personel very experienced in radiopharmacy.
Optimization and application of the gas-diffusion flow injection method for the determination of chloride
Authors: Lolic Aleksandar , Nikolic-Mandic Snezana , Polic Predrag
Published: June 2018

A selective and sensitive procedure for the fast and indirect determination
of chloride by the gas-diffusion FIA method has been optimized and applied
for the determination of chloride in water samples which contained different
amounts of the analyte. The examined samples were: seawater, tap water and
very pure water from the water- steam system of the power plant ?Nikola
Tesla B? in Obrenovac. Application of an amperometric detector (model
LC-17A; BAS, West Lafayette, USA) enables the detection limit to be decreased
down to 0.05 ?mol/dm3 of chloride, which corresponds to 35.5 pg, and
adjustment of the acceptor flow rate and direction inside the gas-diffusion
unit. In this way the optimized FIA system has excellent repeatability. For
5 ?mol/dm3 it was found to be 1.11 % (n=5). The throughput of this method
is 60 samples per hour.
Alumina/silica aerogel with zinc chloride as an alkylation catalyst
Authors: Orlovic Aleksandar , Janackovic Djordje , Drmanic Sasa , Marinkovic Zorica , Skala Dejan
Published: June 2018

The alumina/silica with zinc chloride aerogel alkylation catalyst was
obtained using a one step sol-gel synthesis, and subsequent drying with
supercritical carbon dioxide. The aerogel catalyst activity was found to be
higher compared to the corresponding xerogel catalyst, as a result of the
higher aerogel surface area, total pore volume and favourable pore size
distribution. Mixed Al-O-Si bonds were present in both gel catalyst types.
Activation by thermal treatment in air was needed prior to catalytic
alkylation, due to the presence of residual organic groups on the aerogel
surface. The optimal activation temperature was found to be in the range
185-225 ?C, while higher temperatures resulted in the removal of zinc
chloride from the surface of the aerogel catalyst with a consequential
decrease in the catalytic activity. On varying the zinc chloride content,
the catalytic activity of the aerogel catalyst exhibited a maximum. High
zinc chloride contents decreased the catalytic activity of the aerogel
catalyst as the result of the pores of the catalyst being plugged with this
compound, and the separation of the alumina/silica support into Al-rich and
Si-rich phases. The surface area, total pore volume, pore size distribution
and zinc chloride content had a similar influence on the activity of the
aerogel catalyst as was the case of xerogel catalyst and supported zinc
chloride catalysts.
The STM analysis of a silver mirror surface
Authors: Nikolic Nebojsa , Rakocevic Zlatko , Popov Konstantin
Published: June 2018

In this work, the structure of a silver mirror surface was examined by the
STM technique. It was shown that the structural characteristics which enable
a high degree of mirror reflection from this surface, which is very close to
the ideal reflectivity of silver, are: flat and mutually parallel parts of
the surface which are smooth on the atomic level, and distances between
adjacent flat parts which state several atomic diameters.
Trochlear dysplasia - congenital anomaly or biomechanical development
Authors: Temelkovski Zlatko , Bozinovski Zoran , Andonovski Alan , Andonovska Biljana
Published: June 2018

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of the
trochlear groove in infants and to present the possible causes for the
development of trochlear dysplasia as one of the most severe pathologic
findings in patients with patellar instability. Material and Methods. Knee
ultrasonography was performed in 200 infants, 3 to 6 months of age. The
measurements were made at 30 and 60 degrees of knee flexion, in order to
measure the trochlear bone and cartilaginous sulcus angle on the patellar
surface of the femur and to determine the degree of trochlear dysplasia. A
7-megahertz probe was used for measurements, which was tangentially placed
with the reference to the posterior femoral joint. Results. A completely
flat trochlear bony sulcus angle was registered in all infants aged 3 to 6
months. The mean cartilaginous sulcus angle was between 149 ? 5.4? and 19
infants had a sulcus angle over 159?. Eleven infants with trochlear
dysplasia were in breech presentation at birth. Conclusion. Our study showed
that the cartilaginous part of the trochlear groove was already well
developed at birth. Breech presentation of the fetus could be a predisposing
factor for dysplasia of the cartilaginous part of the trochlear groove. The
bony part of the trochlear groove is dysplastic in infants and it gradually
gets deeper, later getting a shape of the overlying articular cartilage. The
influence of the Delpech law, with lower pressure in the trochlear groove,
could be the possible mechanical theory explaining the development of the
trochlear dysplasia in the later stage of the childhood.
Dissecting the purchasing managers’ index: Are all relevant components included? Are all included components relevant?
Authors: Siliverstovs Boriss
Published: June 2018

In this paper we scrutinise the composition of one of the most renowned economic indicators that is regularly released for more than 30 countries and regions. The composite Purchasing Managers? Index (PMI) is constructed by pooling several survey based sub-components with certain fixed weights. Its characteristic feature is that its computation is based on the standardised methodology by that was developed for the PMI in the US more than thirty years ago. Though the uniform methodology makes the international comparison of national PMIs an easy and transparent task, it is not immediately clear whether the current fixed weighting scheme of the PMI components is supported by the data for other countries than US. We address this question using Switzerland as an example and our approach, based on Boriss Siliverstovs (2017), can be easily extended to other national PMIs. We find that the relative weights of the PMI components are generally supported by the data, except the fact that one component, found very informative for explaining GDP growth, is currently omitted from the PMI composition.
Human Aldose Reductase Expression Prevents Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Yuan Chujun , Hu Jiyuan , Parathath Saj , Grauer Lisa , Cassella Courtney Blachford , Bagdasarov Svetlana , Goldberg Ira J. , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Fisher Edward A.
Published: June 2018

Guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes include aggressive LDL lowering, but benefits are attenuated compared with those in patients without diabetes. Consistent with this, we have reported in mice that hyperglycemia impaired atherosclerosis regression. Aldose reductase (AR) is thought to contribute to clinical complications of diabetes by directing glucose into pathways producing inflammatory metabolites. Mice have low levels of AR, thus raising them to human levels would be a more clinically relevant model to study changes in diabetes under atherosclerosis regression conditions. Donor aortae from Western diet–fed Ldlr−/− mice were transplanted into normolipidemic wild-type, Ins2Akita (Akita+/−, insulin deficient), human AR (hAR) transgenic, or Akita+/−/hAR mice. Akita+/− mice had impaired plaque regression as measured by changes in plaque size and the contents of CD68+ cells (macrophages), lipids, and collagen. Supporting synergy between hyperglycemia and hAR were the even more pronounced changes in these parameters in Akita+/−/hAR mice, which had atherosclerosis progression in spite of normolipidemia. Plaque CD68+ cells from the Akita+/−/hAR mice had increased oxidant stress and expression of inflammation-associated genes but decreased expression of anti-inflammatory genes. In summary, hAR expression amplifies impaired atherosclerosis regression in diabetic mice, likely by interfering with the expected reduction in plaque macrophage inflammation.
Studio Perancangan Arsitektur Tapak: Penataan Kawasan Seni Dan Budaya Hutan Kota Sanggabuana - Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Khamdevi Muhammar
Published: June 2018

Permasalahan mengapa tidak efektifnya tri dharma perguruan tinggi yang wajib dilakukan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa adalah bahwa tiap-tiap kegiatan pengajaran, penelitian, dan pengabdian masyarakat berjalan sendiri-sendiri. Di sisi yang lain metode pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi umumnya masih satu arah dan tidak berbasis riset, sehingga pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi dan juga terhadap kondisi nyata tidak dapat tercapai. Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Matana mencoba mengintegrasi ketiga tridharma dengan menerapkan metode Research Based Teaching and Learning (RBTL) dan Service Learning (SL). Studi kasus penelitian ini adalah tugas studio “Penataan Kawasan Seni dan Budaya Hutan Kota Sanggabuana” dalam mata kuliah Studio Perancangan Arsitektur Tapak. Bagaimanakah keberhasilan pelaksanaan studio ini dalam mengintegrasikan tridharma ke dalam mata kuliah Studio Perancangan Arsitektur Tapak? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendapatkan deskripsi keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan pemahaman terhadap materi dan permasalahan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran yang positif dengan hasil yang optimal dan memuaskan klien.
Vavanga’i ‘Avanga (VA): Tongan psychotherapy
Authors: Lolohea Haydn
Published: June 2018

This article is based on an analysis of tacit knowledge. This concept is understood in Tongan as ‘vavanga’. I have defined vavanga and its relevance to my existence and how it stems from an ancient paradigm of my ancestors. Then I relate it, to how it is informed production knowledge in a contemporary paradigm and in my vavanga’i ‘avanga practice.
My Journey
Authors: Freeman Jane
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the origins of my tacit knowledge as a social work practitioner, utilising a narrative form I will explore the journey of my ancestors and my own personal journey, discussing how those experiences link with the tacit knowledge of my social work practice. This knowledge is a combination of Wairua through Kinaesthetic application and pebbles that were dropped into a river of transitions many years ago that would later contribute to the strands of my current social work practice via a process of evolution; my practice did not simply happen, many of the strands and transitions that contributed to the evolution of my practice took place before I was even born.
Rabies exposures and pre-exposure vaccination practices among individuals with an increased risk of rabies exposure in the United States
Authors: Blanton Jesse D. , Colwell Emily , Walden Cynthia L. , Davis Lessie M. , Hoang Christine , Legred Julie A. , Pieracci Emily G. , Wallace Ryan M. , Ebell Mark H. , Fu Zhen F. , Shwiff Stephanie A. , Lee Joel M.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE To identify knowledge and practices related to rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring among animal care workers in the United States.

DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.

SAMPLE 2,334 animal care workers (ie, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, animal control workers, and wildlife rehabilitators).

PROCEDURES Participants were contacted through relevant professional organizations to participate in an anonymous web-based survey. The survey collected demographic and occupational information, animal handling and potential rabies exposure information, and individual rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring practices. Comparisons of animal bite and rabies exposure rates were made between occupational groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with rabies vaccination status and adherence to serologic monitoring recommendations.

RESULTS Respondents reported 0.77 animal bites/person-year or 0.10 bites/1,000 animals handled. The overall rate of postexposure prophylaxis due to an occupational rabies exposure was 1.07/100 person-years. Veterinarians reported the highest rabies vaccination rate (98.7% [367/372]), followed by animal control workers (78.5% [344/438]), wildlife rehabilitators (78.2% [122/156]), and veterinary technicians (69.3% [937/1,352]). Respondents working for employers requiring rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring were 32.16 and 6.14 times, respectively, as likely to be vaccinated or have a current serologic monitoring status as were respondents working for employers without such policies.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that, given the high reported rates of animal bites and potential rabies exposures among animal care workers, improvements in rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring practices are needed.
Evaluation for association between indwelling urethral catheter placement and risk of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats
Authors: Seitz Marc A. , Burkitt-Creedon Jamie M. , Drobatz Kenneth J.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE To test for an association between indwelling urethral catheter placement in cats with urethral obstruction (UO) and the short-term (30-day) risk of recurrent urethral obstruction (RUO).

DESIGN Prospective cohort study.

ANIMALS 107 client-owned male cats with UO.

PROCEDURES Owners were offered standard care for their cats, including hospitalization, placement of an indwelling urethral catheter, IV fluid therapy, and other supportive treatments (inpatient group). One-time catheterization and outpatient care were offered (outpatient group) if standard care was declined. Data regarding signalment, measures of metabolic compromise and urinalysis findings at enrollment, catheterization-related variables, and supportive treatments of interest were collected. Risk of RUO ≤ 30 days after urethral catheter removal was determined for the outpatient vs inpatient group by OR and 95% confidence interval calculation. Other variables were compared between cats that did and did not develop RUO with Fisher exact and trend tests.

RESULTS 91 cats completed the study; 19 (5/46 [11%] inpatients and 14/45 [31%] outpatients) developed RUO. Risk of RUO was significantly greater for cats of the outpatient group (OR, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 11.4). Among inpatients, increasingly abnormal urine color at the time of catheter removal was significantly associated with RUO. No other significant associations were identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hospitalization and indwelling catheterization significantly reduced the risk for RUO ≤ 30 days after treatment for the population studied. Results suggested that removal of an indwelling catheter before urine appears grossly normal may be associated with development of RUO. One-time catheterization with outpatient care was inferior to the standard care protocol but was successful in many cats and may be a reasonable alternative when clients cannot pursue standard care.
Use of tricaine methanesulfonate or propofol for immersion euthanasia of goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Balko Julie A. , Oda Ayako , Posner Lysa P.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE To substantiate current AVMA guidelines for immersion euthanasia of goldfish (Carassius auratus) with tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS), determine whether immersion in propofol at 5 times its immersion anesthesia concentration for 30 minutes is sufficient for euthanasia of goldfish, and quantify the duration of myocardial contraction following immersion of goldfish in TMS and decapitation.

DESIGN Prospective clinical trial.

ANIMALS 36 healthy, adult goldfish.

PROCEDURES Goldfish were randomly assigned to be immersed in 1 of 6 test solution treatments (n = 6/treatment): TMS (500 mg/L) for 15 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent–free water (T15W), placement out of water (T15A), or decapitation (T15D); TMS (1,000 mg/L) for 15 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent–free water (T15XW); TMS (500 mg/L) for 30 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent–free water (T30W); or propofol (25 mg/L) for 30 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent–free water (P30W). Any fish that resumed operculation in group T15A was returned to anesthetic agent–free water. Times from onset of immersion to induction of anesthesia, cessation and resumption of operculation, and recovery (T15W, T15A, T15XW, T30W, P30W) or cessation of Doppler ultrasounds (T15D) were recorded.

RESULTS Overall, 5 of 6, 6 of 6, 6 of 6, 6 of 6, and 5 of 6 fish survived in the T15W, T15A, T15XW, T30W, and P30W groups, respectively. Median time to cessation of Doppler ultrasounds in group T15D was 77.5 minutes (range, 30 to 240 minutes).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Timed immersion in test solutions (TMS at 500 mg/L or 1,000 mg/L or propofol at 25 mg/L) resulted in death in only 7% (2/30) of immersed goldfish. Myocardial contractions continued for up to 4 hours in decapitated goldfish.
Europäische Antworten auf die Ressourcenkrise des Journalismus
Authors: Arnold Dirk
Published: June 2018

Das Internet hat Dynamik in die Medienmärkte gebracht. Die Konkurrenz durch unzählige neue Online-Angebote und die Anpassung an Prozesse der Digitalisierung stellen insbesondere die Presseverlage vor große Herausforderungen. Überdies sind die Erlöse für Anbieter journalistischer Leistungen im Netz eher mau. Europaweit stellt sich folglich die Frage, wie eine ausreichende Finanzierung von Qualitätsjournalismus im Netz gewährleistet werden kann. Während die Anbieter journalistischer Inhalte verschiedene Strategien ausprobieren, wie Bezahlschranken für Online-Inhalte, wird zugleich die Subventionierung durch öffentliche Mittel als medienpolitische Lösung diskutiert. Der Beitrag zeigt einerseits am Beispiel norwegischer Lokalzeitungen sowie der französischen Online-Zeitung Mediapart auf, dass unter bestimmten Bedingungen digitale Bezahlmodelle durchaus erfolgreich sein können. Zum anderen wird untersucht, ob und in welcher Weise die europäischen Staaten publizistische Online-Medien mit öffentlichen Mitteln fördern. Unter anderem wird deutlich, dass Subventionen in Form zeitlich befristeter Projektförderung dazu beitragen können, dass kostenintensiver Qualitätsjournalismus weiterhin ermöglicht wird.
Erwartungen der Gesellschaft an das Internet und ihre Erfüllung
Authors: Neuberger Christoph
Published: June 2018

In diesem Aufsatz wird skizziert, wie die Kommunikationswissenschaft die Qualität öffentlicher Kommunikation im Internet aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht bewerten kann. Dafür werden vier Schritte unterschieden: (1) die Bestimmung gesellschaftlicher Erwartungen, (2) die Bedingungen, unter denen sie im Internet angestrebt werden, (3) die empirische Messung, in welchem Maße sie erreicht werden, sowie (4) die Anforderungen und Aufgaben, die sich daraus für die Gestaltung und Regulierung ergeben. Um die Erfüllung gesellschaftlicher Erwartungen messen zu können, wird hier vorgeschlagen, von sieben hoch konsentierten Werten als Fixpunkten auszugehen: Freiheit, Gleichheit, Integration, Sicherheit, Vielfalt, Informations- und Diskursqualität. Diese Werte werden definiert, begründet und operationalisiert. Zwischen ihnen bestehen z.T. Zielkonflikte. Weiterhin wird erläutert, welche Bedingungen das Internet setzt, bevor erste Hinweise zum Erreichen dieser Werte gegeben werden. Eine intensivere normative Reflexion würde es der Kommunikationswissenschaft erleichtern, ihre Expertise in den Aneignungsdiskurs über das Internet einzubringen.
Algorithmischer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Hagen Lutz M. , Wieland Mareike , In der Au Anne-Marie
Published: June 2018

Schon heute greift die Mehrheit der NachrichtennutzerInnen aus Industrienationen bevorzugt auf algorithmisch kuratierte Nachrichtenquellen zu. Der erste durch massenmediale Mechanismen geprägte Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit, wie Habermas ihn diagnostizierte, wird nun abgelöst oder ergänzt durch die Logik von Algorithmen. Damit steigen sogenannte Informationsintermediäre, also Suchmaschinen, Aggregatoren und Soziale Netzwerke des Internets zu den wichtigsten Gatekeepern auf. Insbesondere personalisierende Algorithmen werden verdächtigt, für eine zunehmend idiosynkratische Information der Einzelnen und auf der aggregierten Ebene der politischen Öffentlichkeit für zunehmende Verzerrung, Fragmentierung oder Polarisierung verantwortlich zu sein. In diesem Beitrag werden auf der Grundlage einer Literaturübersicht erstens die zentralen Mechanismen des neuen Strukturwandels dargestellt. Zweitens werden auf der Grundlage bestehender empirischer Befunde die wichtigsten Befürchtungen zu den Gefahren des algorithmischen Strukturwandels auf Ihre Stichhaltigkeit hin geprüft. Die Forschungslage erweist sich zu allen Gefahren als spärlich, teils widersprüchlich. Gleichwohl finden sich Belege etwa für Polarisierungsprozesse, die allerdings stark von intervenierenden Variablen abhängen.
Mô hình chính quyền bang tại Hoa Kỳ và một số kiến nghị đối với tổ chức nhà nước Việt Nam
Authors: Quang Huy Pham
Published: June 2018

Bài viết phân tích mối quan hệ giữa chính quyền liên bang và chính quyền bang Hoa Kỳ, phân cấp và tự trị của chính quyền bang. Các tác giả đề xuất một số kiến nghị liên quan đến phân cấp tổ chức nhà nước tại Việt Nam.
PENERAPAN SISTEM DARING TERPADU DALAM PROSES PENGAJUAN GUGATAN PERDATA DI PENGADILAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK
Authors: Lasmana Lanny
Published: June 2018

Each person has different means to handle and to settle disputes. Dispute settlement can be conducted through various means, among others non-litigation and litigation. Non-litigation is conducted through the method of negotiation, mediation and consiliation, while litigation is conducted by going through the lane of civil lawsuit to the court. A dispute settlement process through the lane of civil lawsuit to the court requires a long process. Conventionally, civil lawsuit is submitted by the plaintiff against the defendant through the Chairperson of the Court at the domicile of the defendant. However, in the development, with the increase of cases submitted and registered with courts has led to long processes of lawsuit registration. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed for the registration processes of civil lawsuits at the courts to make registration more effective and efficient. On-line lawsuit registration could become a way out.This research is conducted by using the normative juridical method, supported by the sociological juridical method to complement it. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. While primary data are used as supporting data.The progress in technology and information opens the possibility to reduce and to optimize the integration of several functions, particularly the functions of the court registrar into one function. For instance, the receipt of dossiers of civil lawsuits can be conducted by online means, such is also with the registration of civil lawsuits. All those could be conducted without the need of meeting with the court registrar, dossier completion could be done online by by means of marking list of necessary matters (checklist) so that work efficiency can be achieved starting with the processof examination, summons, examination, and the making of minutes.
ANALISIS KRITIS VISUALISASI GAME COOKING MAMA DALAM KONTEKS IDEOLOGI DAN SIMULASI
Authors: TJANDRA MIKI
Published: June 2018

Cooking Mama is a famous cooking simulation game which can be played in a variety of mobile platforms and smartphones. The game introduces players to the world of cooking in a virtual environment. The visualization of gaming, especially the characters and objects in the game, exposing some interpolation of ideological perspectives through the images to generate specific meanings. The players follow the instructions of a lead character named ‘Mama’ and do an array of kinesthetic activities of ‘cooking’ in a simulation, which is in the form of the abstraction of real cooking activities. This essay analyzes the critical context of ideology and simulation in the Cooking Mama game.                                                                                  Keywords: character; cooking; ideology; simulation; visual
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR WARNA LAMPU FLUORESEN PADA PRODUKTIVITAS MENGGAMBAR ARSITEKTUR MANUAL MAHASISWA DI STUDIO GAMBAR
Authors: . LEONARDO
Published: June 2018

All artificial lightings have effects on human daily activities. Psychologically, warm colour temperature gives relaxation feelings and cool colour temperature promotes alertness to most activities. This present study aims to describe the alteration of colour temperature from artificial lighting on manual students drawing productivity in drawing studio within a short period. A semi-experimental approach is conducted in two studios on a par for two days, involving 26 students of sixth semester to draw a set of interior details to finish in five hours each session on the same time. Each studio is installed with fluorescent tube lamps with different colour temperature for each session. The drawing elements comprehensiveness and the drawing quality are examined to assess lighting condition in the studios. Findings show that the alteration of colour temperature from 2700K to 6500K is significantly positive to productivity while mix of 4000K and 6500K to 4000K is not significant. The benefit of this study leads to reference to lighting design criteria for drawing studio in design institute to enable students to work in a prolonged time without eye overburden. Hence the design brings positive output. Keywords : artificial lighting; color temperature; drawing; manual drawing;productivity; qualification
PERANCANGAN COFFEE-TABLE BOOK TENTANG OBJEK WISATA DI WILAYAH GARUT SELATAN
Authors: GUMILANG PRIMA , SETIAWAN HENDRA
Published: June 2018

Southern Garut is one of the potential tourist attractions in the Garut region. On the way to southern Garut, tourists will be able to enjoy wonderful sceneries, such as the mountain, waterfall, and beach. The local government supports the tourism by fixing the route to this southern area. Nevertheless, it is not a well-known area so that it rarely becomes a destination of the tourists.One effort to introduce Southern Garut to Javanese urban society is through the creation of a coffee table book design (print book and e-book). This book will reveal the sides of Southern Garut rarely visited by the Javanese urban society. This book may become a representation of Southern Garut so that the target audience can see its beauty, and in the end they would decide to make it their destination. Design created is based on the concept derived from the data analysis collected through field observation, structured & unstructured interviews, and questionnaires to 100 respondents. The literature study was also used to support the data obtained from the field. The photographs in this book are the chief medium, which will show the pictures of Southern Garut landscape. This book is meant to become a means of information for those who have not yet enjoyed the beauty of Southern Garut. Keywords: coffee-table book; southern Garut; tourism
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF ADAPTED ADVERTISING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CHINA AND WESTERN PEPSI “RISING” GLOBAL ADVERTISING
Authors: GUNAWAN ELIZABETH SUSANTI
Published: June 2018

communication carried through the same advertising message is expected to help consumers easily recognize the brand anywhere. This strategy is also useful in reducing advertising cost because they don’t have to redesign new advertisements for different countries. Pepsi “Rising” TV Commercial was created by CLM BBDO Paris Agency as the Pepsi global advertising for Africa, Caribbean Sea, Central America, South America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia (India). The advertisements for other countries were only shortened and dubbed to make them fit with local languages. However, for the Chinese market, the agency changed the actor and some storyline attributes with those similar to the original ones. They used one global advertisement for many countries, but they deliberately changed it for the Chinese market. This study uses Roland Barthes’ semiotic to analyze the connotation level between the Pepsi global advertisement and the Chinese advertisement that have similar visuals and plot lines in the denotation level. This study aims to determine the elements that can change the message and ideology in the advertisement. The final results show significant differences among the advertisements that represent each unique cultural development.                   Keywords: adapted advertising; Chinese advertising; global advertising; individualism-collectivism; semiotic analysis
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PQ4R UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS VII-1 SMPN 4 MATARAM
Authors: Mahyaeny Mahyaeny
Published: June 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar IPA siswa dengan menerapkan strategi PQ4R (Preview, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) di kelas VII-1 SMPN 4 Mataram. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasi ÃÂ serta refleksi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ÃÂ aktivitas guru dan siswa serta hasil belajar siswa pada siklus IÃÂ  berada pada kategori cukup baik , cukup aktif dan ketuntasan klasikal 74%. Pada siklus II aktivitas guru dan siswa meningkat menjadi baik dan aktif. Ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 88%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran PQ4R dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) di kelas VII-1 SMPN 4 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.
Produtividade do brócolis de cabeça em função do espaçamento de cultivo
Authors: De Oliveira Fabricio Correia , Geisenhoff Luciano Oliveira , Almeida Alexsandro Claudio Dos Santos , Jordan Rodrigo Aparecido , Lavanholi Rogério , Niz Amilcar Isidro Servin
Published: June 2018

O espaçamento de cultivo do brócolis de cabeça pode influenciar diretamente as características produtivas e o rendimento econômico da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o espaçamento mais adequado para o cultivo de brócolis de cabeça nas condições edafoclimáticas de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos que corresponderam aos espaçamentos entre linhas, e 5 repetições. Os espaçamentos foram: 1,0; 0,9; 0,8 e 0,7 m. O espaçamento entre plantas foi de 0,5 m. A cultivar utilizada foi o brócolis de cabeça (Brassica oleracea var. italica, híbrido Lord Summer). Foram avaliados o diâmetro de inflorescência (DI), massa de inflorescência (MI) e produtividade comercial de inflorescência (PCI). Diante das condições deste experimento, o espaçamento entre as linhas de 0,7 m é o mais adequado para o cultivo de brócolis de cabeça garantindo altas produtividades e inflorescência padrões que atendem as duas formas de comercialização (in natura ou processamento). A relação produtividade comercial de inflorescência versus espaçamento de entre linhas foi melhor caracterizada por uma função quadrática. O máximo DI, MI e PCI para o menor espaçamento (0,7 m) foram de 20,2±0,40 cm, 652±14,8 g e 18,6±0,42 t ha-1, respectivamente. O espaçamento de 0,8 m entre linhas proporcionou a maior desuniformidade entre as plantas, pois apresentou maior desvio padrão da média nos parâmetros produtivos avaliados (DI, MI e PCI).