bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Endurance
Authors: Dunkin James E. , Phillips Shaun M.
Published: October 2016

Dunkin, JE and Phillips, SM. The effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on upper-body muscular strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1948–1953, 2017—Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing rapidly increases corticomotor output and maximal muscle force production, which could enhance muscular strength and endurance during resistance exercise. However, previous research has found no effect of CHO rinsing on muscular strength or endurance. The current study altered the CHO rinse composition and frequency and the muscular endurance test to further investigate the effects of a CHO mouth rinse on upper-body muscular strength and endurance. Twelve recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age 22 ± 1 year, height 179.2 ± 1.8 cm, body mass 80.9 ± 6.1 kg) completed a bench press protocol (1 repetition maximum [RM] test followed by repetitions to failure at 40% of 1RM) on 3 occasions. Subjects rinsed 25 ml of an 18% CHO solution or a placebo for 10 seconds before 1RM and repetitions to failure and completed a no-rinse control condition. Felt arousal (FA) was measured before and after each rinse, heart rate (HR) was measured before and after both exercise protocols, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after repetitions to failure. Rinsing did not influence 1RM (p = 0.680,

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= 0.03), repetitions to failure (p = 0.677,

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= 0.04), or exercise volume (load × reps; p = 0.600,

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= 0.05). There were no significant treatment effects on heart rate (p = 0.677,

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= 0.04), FA (p = 0.674,

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= 0.04) or rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.604,

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= 0.05). A CHO mouth rinse does not improve upper-body muscular strength or endurance.
Simultaneous reverse-phase HPLC determination of major antioxidant phenolics in Commelina benghalensis L. tubers
Authors: Misra Ankita , Srivastava Amit , Srivastava Sharad , Rawat A.K.S.
Published: October 2016

Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae) is widely used as traditional and folklore medicine in India. In the present study, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography—photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC—PDA) method was developed for the separation, identification, and quantification of bioactive phenolics. Antioxidant potential was also accessed to validate the presence of identified markers. Method was developed on C18 column with 1% formic acid (in water) and acetonitrile as solvent system, and data acquisitions were achieved at wavelength of 285 nm. The developed method was also validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ), repeatability, and recovery according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. In this method, five phenolics, viz., protocatechuic acid (0.033%), vanillic acid (0.262%), ferulic acid (0.365%), apigenin (0.126%), and kaempferol (0.544%), were quantified in linearity range of 0.2–1.0 μg with correlation coefficient of more than 0.9949. Relative standard deviation (RSD) (%), LOD, LOQ, and recovery (%) are within the acceptable limit. Besides that, methanolic extract shows the inhibition (%) range from 24.45 to 68.75% at 0.02–0.12 mg mL−1. IC50 of extract was observed at 46.75 μg mL−1, suggesting the promising activity in methanol extract. Hence, the proposed method for simultaneous quantification of five bioactive phenolics in the tuber of C. benghalensis using HPLC–PDA detection under the specified conditions is specific and accurate, and validation proves its selectivity and reproducibility.
Development of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in beverages
Authors: Petanovska-Ilievska Biljana , Velkoska-Markovska Lenche , Jankulovska Mirjana S.
Published: October 2016

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in beverages was developed using high speed column. The simple and rapid reverse-phase method for quantitative determination of both preservatives was established on LiChroCART® Purospher STAR RP-18e (30 mm × 4 mm; 3 μm) column, mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH = 3.5) in volume ratio of 8:92 (v/v), flow rate of 1 mL min−1, ultraviolet (UV) detection at 195 nm for sodium benzoate and 260 nm for potassium sorbate, and constant column temperature at 25 °C. Linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) were tested for method validation. Linearity range for sodium benzoate was 6.04–200.27 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.999) while, for potassium benzoate (R2 = 0.999), 12.19–406.36 mg L−1. The RSD values ≤1.03% demonstrate excellent intra-day precision. LOD for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate was 0.004 and 0.003 mg L−1, while LOQ was 0.012 and 0.009 mg L−1, respectively. This method was applied for quantitative determination of investigated preservatives in beverages which were taken from Macedonian markets.
Physical Examination and the Physician-patient Relationship: A Literature Review
Authors: Iida Junko , Nishigori Hiroshi
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundPhysical examinations in clinical settings are becoming relatively infrequent due to recent advances in diagnostic tests. However, for many physicians and patients, physical examinations remain a vital part of consultations. In addition, as a proportion of physicians consider these examinations to improve doctor-patient communication, they remain an important part of training for medical students.MethodsWe reviewed literature from medical and social sciences regarding the influence of physical examination on the doctor-patient relationship. Searching of 3 databases and 5 journals identified 1,447 studies, of which 57 are included in this review.ResultsAlthough historical studies have suggested that technological advancement increases the psychological and physical distance between doctors and patients, ethnographic studies have demonstrated a continued and close relationship between the two. A number of medical reports noted that close proximity during physical examination, particularly touch, strengthens doctor-patient relationships, reduces patient anxiety, and can have a healing effect on patients. In contrast, social scientific studies focused on patients, who considered this proximity invasive.ConclusionsIncreased collaboration between medical and social sciences, analysis of patient experiences, and research in non-Western countries might help characterize the benefits, or lack thereof, of physical examinations.
Human immunodeficiency virus in institutionalized elderly people
Authors: Gorzoni Milton Luiz , Pires Sueli Luciano , Faria Lilian de Fátima Costa , Aguado Márcia Regina Valadares , Santana Miriam Carmen
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: A search in the SciELO and PubMed databases showed few studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals in long-term care institutions (LTCIs), thus prompting the present study. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there were any HIV-positive individuals in LTCIs for the elderly. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in which the Hospital Infection Control Committee (HICC) of a 405-bed LTCI was consulted. METHODS: The medical records of 405 individuals interned in the LTCI who had been tested for HIV infection were requested for analysis of the following variables: [1] age and gender; [2] length of stay at LTCI (months); [3] causes and diagnoses on admission to LTCI according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition; [4] date of HIV diagnosis; [5] seropositivity for syphilis and hepatitis B and C viruses; [6] medications used at last prescription in medical file; and [7] mean CD4 lymphocyte count based on: total lymphocyte count/6 and total lymphocyte count x 0.8 x 0.2 or 0.3. RESULTS: Four men were HIV-positive, with mean age 71.2 ± 8.6 years, LTCI stay 74.2 ± 38.1 months and length of HIV diagnosis 24.5 ± 17 months (confirmed by HICC standard screening). Three had stroke sequelae; one, dementia syndrome; two, seropositivity for syphilis; two, hepatitis B and one, hepatitis C. The main drugs used were lamivudine, zidovudine, lopinavir, ritonavir, levothyroxine, omeprazole, ranitidine, lactulose and risperidone. The estimated CD4 count was 341 ± 237/mm3. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive individuals are present in LTCIs, diagnosable through serological screening and treatable with antiretroviral drugs.
VIKINGS NO OCIDENTE DO AL-ANDALUS. Alguns tópicos em redor do impacto da sua chegada na costa próxima do Tejo
Authors: CORREIA Fernando Branco
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Tem-se como objetivo no presente artigo analisar a chegada dos Vikings na costa do rio Tejo, colocando em destaque os impactos das navegações no período do VIII ao IX século d.C.Para interpretar tal episódio serão utilizadas fontes textuais e arqueológicas além da construção de uma contextualização acerca do período abordado. Será possível observar que a chegada dos vikings ou normandos é um momento chave para a história da região em redor de Lisboa. De região esquecida e lateral, na perspectiva dos poderes estabelecidos em Córdova, o litoral do Gharb al-Andalus, o futuro litoral português central, passará por uma fase de surpresa, de ataques mas também, de revitalização e de novos desafios.
Vertical bone augmentation of posterior mandibular region: a description of two surgical techniques
Authors: QUEIROZ Adalmir Gonzaga dos Santos , SILVA Yuri Slusarenko da , COSTA Pedro Jorge Cavalcante , FERRAZ Flávio Wellington da Silva , NACLÉRIO-HOMEM Maria da Graça
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Correction of severe vertical bone deficiency in the posterior region of mandibular alveolar ridge requires surgical management if implants are scheduled and cannot have primary stability. The aim of the present study is to report two cases; one treated with alveolar osteogenesis distraction and the other with segmental osteotomy with autologous graft interposition, by describing the surgical steps as well as show the results and experiences acquired with these techniques. We opted for these methods to reconstruct the posterior mandibular region after remarkable vertical bone loss based mainly by the height and thickness of the remaining bone. Alveolar osteogenic distraction is highly advisable when vertical deficiency is severe, and if these cases are treated with the segmental osteotomy and autologous graft interposition, complications as graft failure, necrosis and resorption are more prone to occur due to insufficient vascularization. After bone maturation and bone neoformation secondary to alveolar osteogenic osteogenic distraction and segmental osteotomy with autologous graft interposition, respectively, the two presented case reports were able to securely receive dental implants. In cases of vertical bone loss of the posterior mandibular region, both surgeries currently represent the best choice for bone gain prior dental implants placement for oral rehabilitation, without technical challenges, although biological evidence to assure the superiority of one technique over the other must be further investigated.
Sella landmark variability and its effect on the Angles SNA and SNB: a comparative study
Authors: DURÃO Ana Reis , MOROSOLLI Aline Rose Cantarelli , DIAS Cláudia Camila , FERREIRA Afonso P , JACOBS Reinhilde
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine intra- and inter-observer precision in Sella (S), Nasion (N), point A and B identification. Additionally, to determine how it can interfere with angular measurements of SNA and SNB by orthodontists and dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Methods: Twenty digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated by five orthodontists and five dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Results: Differences in linear and angular measuremts were assessed. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was evaluated. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the horizontal and vertical components of the S landmark identification (ICC: 0.75/0.90). Orthodontists tended to produce larger SNA (-0.18º), while SNB angle had a tendency to be smaller (0.55º). In general, SNA angle was smaller (DMFRs: -0.308º and orthodontists: -0.092º), and SNB presented with larger values (DMFR: 0.078º and orthodontists: -0.074º). Conclusion: Identification of the Sella landmark revealed a better agreement amongst dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Orthodontists, however, showed a larger variability in S identification and, consequently, the SNA and SNB angles drifted significantly.
A comparative study of the effects of two carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the structure of enamel
Authors: ARAÚJO Roberto Paulo de , ARAÚJO Danilo Barral de , AGUIAR Márcio Cajazeira
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: Considering that different sources of carbamide peroxide bleaching agent may cause greater or lesser damage to the enamel and may have reduced effectiveness in dental whitening, the aim of this study was to compare the effects on the structure of enamel of two bleaching agents, drugstore-compounded and commercial carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Methods: The specimens in the first group (drugstore-compounded carbamide peroxide) and second group (commercial carbamide peroxide) were treated with to 16% carbamide peroxide for 4 h per day for 20 days. The third group served as a control and was kept in artificial saliva during the test period. After the treatments, all specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Results: Changes in the enamel morphology were similar in both experimental groups, but these changes were greater than those observed in the control group. The changes were mild and included only pores. Conclusion: There were no differences regarding damage to the enamel between drugstore-compounded and commercial carbamide peroxide bleaching agents.
Eudialyte-group minerals from the Monte de Trigo alkaline suite, Brazil: composition and petrological implications
Authors: Rojas Gaston Eduardo Enrich , Ruberti Excelso , Azzone Rogério Guitarrari , Gomes Celso de Barros
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The Monte de Trigo alkaline suite is a SiO2-undersaturated syenite-gabbroid association from the Serra do Mar alkaline province. Eudialyte-group minerals (EGMs) occur in one nepheline microsyenite dyke, associated with aegirine-augite, wöhlerite, låvenite, magnetite, zircon, titanite, britholite, and pyrochlore. Major compositional variations include Si (25.09- 25.57 apfu ), Nb (0.31- 0.76 apfu ), Fe (1.40-2.13 apfu ), and Mn (1.36- 2.08 apfu ). The EGMs also contain relatively high contents of Ca (6.13- 7.10 apfu ), moderate enrichment of rare earth elements (0.38-0.67 apfu ), and a relatively low Na content (11.02-12.28 apfu ), which can be correlated with their transitional agpaitic assemblage. EGM compositions indicate a complex solid solution that includes eudialyte, kentbrooksite, feklichevite, zirsilite-(Ce), georgbarsanovite, and manganoeudialyte components. EGM trace element analyses show low Sr and Ba contents and a negative Eu/Eu* anomaly, which are interpreted as characteristic of the parental magma due to the previous fractionation of plagioclase and/or alkali feldspar. The EGMs from the dyke border have higher contents of Fe, Sr (2,161-2,699 ppm), Mg (1,179-3,582 ppm), and Zn (732- 852 ppm) than those at the dyke center. These differences are related to the incorporation of xenoliths and xenocrysts of melatheralitic host rock into the nepheline-syenitic magma followed by crystal-melt diffusive exchange.
MATERIAIS DIDÁTICOS DE MÍDIA-EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Siqueira Alexandra Bujokas de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO: O artigo discute referenciais para a produção de materiais didáticos de mídia-educação para alunos do Ensino Médio, na área de Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias. Parte de referenciais teóricos e casos práticos internacionais, particularmente de países onde existem disciplinas de estudos de mídia no currículo. Considera também os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e os resultados de experimentos realizados em Laboratório de Mídia-educação. O resultado é um conjunto de proposições para a elaboração de materiais multimodais, que incluam fundamentos, metodologia e exercícios.
Suplementação com probióticos e aminoácidos no desempenho de novilhos de corte: estudo de identidade de modelos
Authors: OLIVEIRA Marcus Vinícius Moraes de , SILVA Ana Paula Viscardi da , BONATTI Franscine Kelli Quinhones , MARCATTI Gustavo Eduardo , VARGAS JUNIOR Fernando Miranda de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o ganho de peso de novilhos suplementados com probióticos e aminoácidos, por meio da análise de identidade de modelos. Foram utilizados 64 novilhos castrados da raça Canchim e cruzados Canchim x Nelore com 24 ± 1,8 meses de idade e peso corpóreo inicial de 395,4 ± 10,5 kg, mantidos em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha em sistema de pastejo contínuo. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: Testemunha (Test); Probiótico líquido (ProbL); Probiótico líquido mais aminoácidos em pó (ProbL+AAsPó); e Probiótico líquido mais aminoácido injetável (ProbL+AAsInj), em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 16 animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram comparados através do Teste de Identidade de Modelos, utilizando o software R. O modelo logístico de três parâmetros (L3p) foi o selecionado para representar o ganho de peso médio diário em função do tempo. As estimativas dos parâmetros do modelo foram significativas em todos os tratamentos, apresentando coeficiente de determinação (R2)elevado e raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio (RMSE) baixa. De acordo com o teste de identidade de modelos não houve diferença significativa entre os modelos para os tratamentos utilizados, não havendo diferença no ganho de peso dos animais com a utilização de probióticos e/ou de aminoácidos.
Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season
Authors: SILVA Daniel Cézar da , GUIM Adriana , SANTOS Gladston Rafael de Arruda , SOUZA Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira , URBANO Stela Antas , MESQUITA Fernando Lucas Torres de , LAFAYETTE Elizabeth Almeida
Published: October 2016

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.
Productive performance and parasitological control of kids supplemented with umbu fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)
Authors: NASCIMENTO Thiago Vinicius Costa , NOGUEIRA Daniel Maia , CAVALCANTE Nilton de Brito
Published: October 2016

Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.
Metabolismo respiratório e da glicose de Carassius auratus submetidos à concentrações de eugenol
Authors: HONORATO Claucia Aparecida , NASCIMENTO Camila Aparecida
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como finalidade avaliar o uso do eugenol como anestésico para Carassius auratus mensurando o tempo de indução à anestesia em relação a diferentes concentrações e seus efeitos nas trocas gasosas respiratórias. Os peixes foram expostos as concentrações de 20, 40, 80, 120, 150mg L-1 de eugenol. Os resultados foram analisados segundo um delineamento inteiramente casualisado (DIC) com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições cada um, submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativos, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student (α = 0,05). Os valores de PaO2e PaCO2 foram submetidos à regressão polinomial (p > 0,05). Foram avaliados o tempo de sedação e recuperação. O sangue foi retirado para analise parâmetros hematológicos, pH, pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2), bicarbonato (HCO-3) e glicose. As concentrações acima de 80 mg.L-1 apresentaram sedação com 62 seg. A recuperação possui correlação inversa ao tempo de anestesia. O aumento das concentrações de eugenol proporcionou elevação de 27,5% nos hematócrito e de 37% no eritrócitos e houve aumento na glicose plasmática. Ademais, apresentaram diminuição na pressão de oxigênio no sangue (PaO2), e aumento na pressão de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). A utilização do eugenol possibilitaria e melhoria o manejo nas pisciculturas sendo a dose recomendada de 40mg. L-1 para Carassius auratus pois minimiza os riscos inerentes a processos anestésicos rotineiros, com menor comprometimento cardiovascular e, consequentemente, redução do risco de óbito.
Electrodeposition preparation of Ni–Fe alloy foil
Authors: Shu Qing , Xiao You Jun , Hong Yuan , Wang Jinfu
Published: October 2016

In this study, the electrodeposition of a nickel (Ni)–iron (Fe) alloy foil was thoroughly investigated. Linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry method were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the nickel–iron alloy foil. In addition, single-factor experimental studies were combined with an orthogonal test analysis to obtain optimum experimental conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the surface morphology and the crystalline structure of the nickel–iron alloy foil. The obtained nickel–iron alloy foil was a face-centred cubic crystal with a bright and smooth surface, in which no pinholes or cracks appeared. The average hardness value, electrical resistivity, maximum permeability, saturation magnetic flux density (B s) and residual magnetism (B r) of the obtained nickel–iron foil were 280 HV, 38–41 μΩ cm, 0·172 mH/m, 1·093 T and 0·0088 T, respectively. Lastly, the obtained nickel–iron foil displayed good soft magnetic properties, toughness and low residual stress.
Genome-Wide Association of CKD Progression: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Authors: Parsa Afshin , Kanetsky Peter A. , Xiao Rui , Gupta Jayanta , Mitra Nandita , Limou Sophie , Xie Dawei , Xu Huichun , Anderson Amanda Hyre , Ojo Akinlolu , Kusek John W. , Lora Claudia M. , Hamm L. Lee , He Jiang , Sandholm Niina , Jeff Janina , Raj Dominic E. , Böger Carsten A. , Bottinger Erwin , Salimi Shabnam , Parekh Rulan S. , Adler Sharon G. , Langefeld Carl D. , Bowden Donald W. ,   the FIND Consortium, Groop Per-Henrik , Forsblom Carol , Freedman Barry I. , Lipkowitz Michael , Fox Caroline S. , Winkler Cheryl A. , Feldman Harold I. ,   and the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators
Published: October 2016

The rate of decline of renal function varies significantly among individuals with CKD. To understand better the contribution of genetics to CKD progression, we performed a genome–wide association study among participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Our outcome of interest was CKD progression measured as change in eGFR over time among 1331 blacks and 1476 whites with CKD. We stratified all analyses by race and subsequently, diabetes status. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that surpassed a significance threshold of P<1×10−6 for association with eGFR slope were selected as candidates for follow-up and secondarily tested for association with proteinuria and time to ESRD. We identified 12 such SNPs among black patients and six such SNPs among white patients. We were able to conduct follow-up analyses of three candidate SNPs in similar (replication) cohorts and eight candidate SNPs in phenotype-related (validation) cohorts. Among blacks without diabetes, rs653747 in LINC00923 replicated in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension cohort (discovery P=5.42×10−7; replication P=0.039; combined P=7.42×10−9). This SNP also associated with ESRD (hazard ratio, 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.7); P=4.90×10−6). Similarly, rs931891 in LINC00923 associated with eGFR decline (P=1.44×10−4) in white patients without diabetes. In summary, SNPs in LINC00923, an RNA gene expressed in the kidney, significantly associated with CKD progression in individuals with nondiabetic CKD. However, the lack of equivalent cohorts hampered replication for most discovery loci. Further replication of our findings in comparable study populations is warranted.
Adolescent’s perception of hospital spaces
Authors: Agalarova K.
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to the study of children’s and adolescent’s perceptions of hospital spaces. Before knowledge of the needs of children and adolescents was obtained from the adult’s feedback. Now this problem is solved by means of children’s reports. The study was carried out in several medical institutions of Moscow and aimed to examine the influence of hospital environment factors of teenagers’ psychological status and their recovery, as well as to study the patterns of their behavior at the hospital. The most important positive hospital factor for adolescents-patients in contrast to adults is communication with their peers, as well as the expression of individuality getting underway in things and clothing. They take less attention to therapy quality and to professionalism of medical staff. Knowledge of the adolescents’ needs allows to create the appropriate living conditions and therefore to improve their psychological well-being.
Fairy tale group in the children's psycho-neurological sanatorium
Authors: Radionova M.S.
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to conducting a psychotherapy group performing a combined fairy-tale plot. The participants were primary schoolers with neurotic symptoms and developmental delay, they were patients of a psycho-neurological sanatorium (Moscow). The group was working through rehearsing in a fairy tale puppet theatre. General theoretical and methodical basis of fairy-tale performing as a psychotherapy approach is described. Three levels of the psychotherapeutic work are developed: 1) working with a group as a whole with common problems of participants, 2) working on problems of a child as an individual and 3) working on a fairy tale individually. The assessment of the therapeutic approach effectiveness is discussed in the context of children’s being at the institution. As the result of the psychotherapy the children’s proneness to conflict, anxiety, neuroticism, neurotic symptoms were observed to have decreased and their self-esteem appeared to have become more realistic.
THE PREVALENCE OF STUTTERING, VOICE DISORDER, AND SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS IN PRESCHOOLERS IN SHAHREKORD, IRAN
Authors: Mohamadi Omid , Rahimi-Madiseh Mohammad , Sedehi Morteza
Published: October 2016

The inability to communicate easily and clearly can have far-reaching debilitating effects, not only in childhood, but throughout a lifetime. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of stuttering, voice disorder, and speech sound disorders in Persian preschoolers in Shahrekord, Iran. Information about 1,387 children ages 5 to 6 was obtained via face-to-face screening and assessment. The total prevalence of speech disorders was 17.1%. The prevalence of stuttering was 1.5%, while 13.4% had a speech sound disorder, and 2.2% had voice disorder. The prevalence of stuttering was higher in males (2.2%) than females (0.7%); of speech sound disorders was higher in males (17.4%) than females (9.1%); and of voice disorder was higher in males (2.6%) than females (1.6%). The prevalence of stuttering and speech sound disorder was significantly different according to gender and positive family history. The prevalence figures revealed that a considerable number of preschoolers with speech disorders were missed in parents’ and teachers’ reports. Those children required more intensive communication support than they were receiving. Therefore, classroom teachers should work with speech and language pathologists to identify and assess preschoolers with communication disorders, and to develop intervention strategies.
NOVAS DIRETRIZES PARA O ENFRETAMENTO DOS DESAFIOS TECNOLÓGICOS DO SETOR SUCROENERGÉTICO BRASILEIRO: O ETANOL CELULÓSICO
Authors: Oliveira Filho Altair Aparecido , Consoni Flávia Luciane
Published: October 2016

O setor sucroenergético brasileiro figura como a principal alternativa nacional frente às energias comumente utilizadas (fóssil e nuclear); trata-se de um setor que historicamente foi impulsionado pela elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção de seu desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico por meio da definição de padrões técnicos e, sobretudo, da manutenção do seu mercado doméstico. Os incentivos à inovação justificam-se pelo fato que as forças do mercado limitam a difusão das energias renováveis, sendo a participação do Governo necessária para corrigir distorções. Este artigo traz uma contribuição a este debate ao apresentar um panorama atual do setor a partir de um diálogo entre as políticas públicas e o seu principal desafio tecnológico, o etanol de segunda geração.
Modelo e Ferramenta de Gestão Estratégica da Propriedade Intelectual: Estudo de Caso e Aplicação em uma Empresa de Saneamento
Authors: Pereira Brittes José Luiz , Monteiro Salles-Filho Sérgio Luiz , Savedra Pfitzner Mariana
Published: October 2016

A gestão dos ativos intangíveis, principalmente das criações intelectuais, é pré-requisito para empresas que competem na economia do conhecimento. O objetivo deste manuscrito é apresentar uma proposta de modelo de gestão estratégica de Propriedade Intelectual (PI) associado a uma ferramenta computacional de apoio à decisão denominada SmartIP. O modelo de gestão de PI abarca a prática de inteligência tecnológica, a estratégia de proteção das criações intelectuais, a gestão de portfólio de ativos intangíveis e sua valoração. Neste contexto, a SmartIP dá suporte à organização ao fornecer recomendação sobre a proteção das criações e a gestão de portfólio para cada tipo de proteção, incluindo patentes, modelos de utilidade, programas de computador e desenhos industriais. A ferramenta fundamenta-se em conceitos teóricos tais como ativos complementares, regimes de apropriação, gestão de portfólio, racionalidade limitada ou procedural, busca e seleção e incerteza radical em eventos inovadores.
Selected teachers’ eating habits with regard to frequency of their physical activity
Authors: Szczepańska Elżbieta , Toczyńska Katarzyna , Janion Karolina , Stanuch Beata , Lenard Biruta
Published: October 2016

Wstęp

Nauczyciele stanowią szczególną grupę zawodową, która zobligowana jest do przekazywania pozytywnych wzorców zachowań, także w zakresie prawidłowego odżywiania oraz aktywności fizycznej. Celem badań była ocena zachowań żywieniowych nauczycieli oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy zachowaniami żywieniowymi a częstością podejmowania przez nich aktywności fizycznej.

Materiał i metody

Badaniem objęto 459 nauczycieli. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, w którym zawarto pytania dotyczące cech społeczno-demograficznych, wybranych zachowań żywieniowych, częstości spożycia produktów spożywczych oraz podejmowania aktywności fizycznej.

Wyniki

Na spożycie 4–5 posiłków dziennie wskazało 51,6% pedagogów, którzy aktywność fizyczną podejmują rzadziej niż raz w tygodniu, 54,9% – raz w tygodniu, 58,5% – kilka razy w tygodniu oraz 66,7% – codziennie.
Codzienne spożycie I oraz II śniadania deklarowało odpowiednio 70,3% i 38,3% nauczycieli podejmujących aktywność fizyczną rzadziej, niż raz w tygodniu, 77,9% oraz 45,1% osób podejmujących aktywność fizyczną raz w tygodniu, 79,9% i 44,5% osób deklarujących aktywność fizyczną kilka razy w tygodniu. Najwyższy odsetek prawidłowych zachowań zaobserwowano wśród pedagogów podejmujących aktywność fizyczną codziennie, odpowiednio 81,5% oraz 51,9%.

Wnioski

Zachowania żywieniowe badanych nauczycieli są zróżnicowane, przy czym najkorzystniejszymi zachowa-niami charakteryzowali się nauczyciele podejmujący aktywność fizyczną codziennie. Stwierdzono występowanie zależności pomiędzy większością analizowanych zachowań żywieniowych oraz częstością podejmowania aktywności fizycznej.
Can Automatic Classification Help to Increase Accuracy in Data Collection?
Authors: Lang Frederique , Chavarro Diego , Liu Yuxian
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The authors aim at testing the performance of a set of machine learning algorithms that could improve the process of data cleaning when building datasets.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is centered on cleaning datasets gathered from publishers and online resources by the use of specific keywords. In this case, we analyzed data from the Web of Science. The accuracy of various forms of automatic classification was tested here in comparison with manual coding in order to determine their usefulness for data collection and cleaning. We assessed the performance of seven supervised classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Scaled Linear Discriminant Analysis, Lasso and elastic-net regularized generalized linear models, Maximum Entropy, Regression Tree, Boosting, and Random Forest) and analyzed two properties: accuracy and recall. We assessed not only each algorithm individually, but also their combinations through a voting scheme. We also tested the performance of these algorithms with different sizes of training data. When assessing the performance of different combinations, we used an indicator of coverage to account for the agreement and disagreement on classification between algorithms.

Findings

We found that the performance of the algorithms used vary with the size of the sample for training. However, for the classification exercise in this paper the best performing algorithms were SVM and Boosting. The combination of these two algorithms achieved a high agreement on coverage and was highly accurate. This combination performs well with a small training dataset (10%), which may reduce the manual work needed for classification tasks.

Research limitations

The dataset gathered has significantly more records related to the topic of interest compared to unrelated topics. This may affect the performance of some algorithms, especially in their identification of unrelated papers.

Practical implications

Although the classification achieved by this means is not completely accurate, the amount of manual coding needed can be greatly reduced by using classification algorithms. This can be of great help when the dataset is big. With the help of accuracy, recall, and coverage measures, it is possible to have an estimation of the error involved in this classification, which could open the possibility of incorporating the use of these algorithms in software specifically designed for data cleaning and classification.

Originality/value

We analyzed the performance of seven algorithms and whether combinations of these algorithms improve accuracy in data collection. Use of these algorithms could reduce time needed for manual data cleaning.
Internationalization Strategies of Family Business: A Case Study of Saruhan Co.
Authors: Can Esin , Alayoğlu Nihat , Alayoglu Elif
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal causes and grounds which drive family businesses into internationalization process and divulge implemented strategies benefiting from the literature through a case study. In this context, “Saruhan Cooperation” which is a globally operating Turkish family business has been examined as a case study by means of primary and secondary resources. In the case study, besides presenting the current situation of Saruhan Coop., the reasons triggered internationalization process, works done for this purpose, goals of the firm, and implemented strategies in this milieu and circumstances have been tried to be defined by using a series of structured face-to-face interviews. Moreover, our findings display a process that a locally operating family business ends up in a situation to buy a firm which operates internationally under a global brand. Although it is conducted with one business; the study is important as being a pioneer analysis and contributes to the literature well; also, it is valuable because it provides a model for those who are planning to operate internationally. The research opens a door to further researches as well.
Evolution of grape berries during ripening: investigations into the links between their mechanical properties and the extractability of their skin anthocyanins
Authors: Zouid Imen , Siret René , Mehinagic Emira , Maury Chantal , Chevalier Michel , Jourjon Frédérique
Published: October 2016

Aims: The aim of this work was to study the evolution of grape berries during ripening and investigate the possible relationship between the extractability of anthocyanins from grapes and their rheological properties.

Methods and results: Cabernet Franc grapes belonging to three different vineyards were harvested weekly from 10 September to 8 October 2007. Their mechanical behavior was measured by compression and puncture tests and the evolution of anthocyanin extractability was monitored during ripening. Significant differences were found in grape textural attributes and anthocyanin content due to the ripening stage and type of vineyard. A multivariate regression model was built to explain the evolution of anthocyanin extractability, by using the mechanical attributes of grape berries as variables.

Conclusion: Our results show that differences in the easiness of anthocyanin extraction from grapes could be linked to differences in the mechanical behavior of berries and that the extraction yield of anthocyanins from grapes could be predicted by their rheological properties. To confirm this first hypothesis, further studies with a larger number of vintages and vineyards would be necessary to link the mechanical properties of grape berries, established at macroscopic scale, to the susceptibility of anthocyanin extraction from grape skin.

Significance and impact of the study: The need to understand the evolution of the mechanical behavior of winegrapes during ripening and its impact on the release of anthocyanins is important for wine quality control. Understanding the evolution of the material properties of grapes is essential for developing better approaches to improve grape quality and could help winemakers to choose the best time of harvest and the process best adapted to the wine quality desired.
It is possible to predict Sangiovese wine quality through a limited number of variables measured on the vines
Authors: Bucelli Pierluigi , Costantini Edoardo Antonio Costantino , Storchi Paolo
Published: October 2016

Aims: The research work aimed at creating and testing a method to evaluate vine performance of Sangiovese (VPS), in particular, a method able to predict the potential oenological result through a limited number of variables measured on the vines.

Methods and results: A matching table was created on the basis of literature and the experience acquired over twenty years of research activity on Sangiovese vine and wine quality in Tuscany, which allowed the selection of eight viticultural parameters and three VPS classes. In order to validate the matching table, a specific experiment was conducted during the years 2002 and 2003 in 10 vineyards (selected from 7 farms) representative of the main soils and climates of the vine cultivation areas of the Province of Siena (Italy). The experimental results validated the proposed matching table through a non parametric statistical analysis. A multivariate regression analysis between wine sensory evaluation (score) and viticultural parameters significantly predicted wine quality even with only 4 grape parameters (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: It was possible to predict VPS by means of a matching table based upon eight simple viticultural parameters. The reliability of the wine quality prediction increased proportionally according to the number of viticultural parameters, but remained rather high (R2 = 0.606) when taking into account only sugar content, sugar accumulation rate, mean berry weight, and extractable polyphenol index (EPI).

Significance and impact of the study: It is now possible to predict the quality of Sangiovese wines with a few selected grape parameters. Because of the wide variability in soil and climatic condition of the viticultural areas of the Province of Siena, where the method was developed, and the strong climatic contrast between the years when the method was validated, the use of both matching table and multiple regression is recommended for VPS prediction in Mediterranean environments.
Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases
Authors: Genchi Giuseppe , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Carocci Alessia , Lauria Graziantonio , Catalano Alessia
Published: October 2016

Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. It has been determined that mercury is not only harmful to the health of vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children, but is also toxic to ordinary adults in various ways. For many years, mercury was used in a wide variety of human activities. Nowadays, the exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure, even to low concentration levels of mercury, can cause cardiovascular, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Possible biological effects of mercury, including the relationship between mercury toxicity and diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, are being studied. As heart rhythm and function are under autonomic nervous system control, it has been hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of mercury might also impact cardiac autonomic function. Mercury exposure could have a long-lasting effect on cardiac parasympathetic activity and some evidence show that mercury exposure might affect heart rate variability, particularly early exposures in children. The mechanism by which mercury produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system is not fully elucidated, but this mechanism is believed to involve an increase in oxidative stress. The exposure to mercury increases the production of free radicals, potentially because of the role of mercury in the Fenton reaction and a reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. In this review we report an overview on the toxicity of mercury and focus our attention on the toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.