bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Lethal Dose 50 of Biofilm-producing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Local Isolate From Mastitis
Authors: Sheehan Abdullah Abdullazeez , Khudor Mohammed , Isihak Fanar
Published: December 2021

It is very important, before starting the manufacture of any vaccine from any microorganism estimation of LD₅₀ of that microorganism to determine their pathogenicity and virulence. Estimated LD₅₀ was very important to be used in challenge tests later to estimate the protection level of the manufactured vaccine in experimental animals. So, this study was aimed to estimate LD₅₀ of local methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial isolate. A pilot study has been done to determine approximately LD₅₀ of used MRSA in the study by using different bacterial concentrations of MRSA to determine approximate LD₅₀ that can be able to kill half numbers of animals used in the study to be used later in the estimation of exact LD₅₀ by using of Up-and-Down method. Ninety Wistar albino rats have been used for this purpose, eighty-four animals which divided into fourteen groups by six animals for each group (for pilot study) and remained six animals for (Up-and-Down method). The results showed that 9 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was led to killing half number of animals used in the study, this dose has been used as starting dose in the Up-and-Down method to the estimation of the exact LD₅₀ dose. The results showed that 5.526 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was the exact LD₅₀ of local MRSA isolate, which will be used later in the challenge test to estimate the protection level of a locally prepared vaccine against MRSA isolate.
Determination of Gestational Age in Shami Goats Based on Transabdominal Ultrasonographic Measurements of Placentomes and Uterine Diameter
Authors: Muhammad Rozh , Aziz Dhafer
Published: December 2021

The study was aimed to estimate the gestational age of Shami does by transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of maternal parameters. Thirty-three Shami does aged 2-2.5 years with confirmed conception dates were used. The does were examined in a standing position using a transabdominal 3.5 MHz convex sector probe of real-time ultrasonography. The does were examined weekly starting from 21 days of pregnancy until parturition. Measurements of the maternal parameters that include; the uterine diameter, placental width, and placental height were obtained from the ultrasonographic images using the software Screen Calipers. Results showed that the gestational sac and embryos were observed early on 21 and 35 days of pregnancy. The litter size of Shami does was 2-3 kids. Uterine diameter ranged between 27±1.4 and 136.9±4.2 mm between 21-130 days, placentomes width was 17.6±0.6 – 38.5±2.1 mm, placentomes height was 9.5 ± 1.8 – 24.5 ± 1.4 mm on 51-150 days of gestation. The highest positive correlations were obtained between the gestational age and the measurements of uterine diameter (r=0.943). The least positive correlations were between the gestational age and the values of placenta width (r=0.715) and placentom height (r=0.615). In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasonography is a practical method for pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring of embryo in Shami goats. Also, it is reliable to estimate gestation age from 21 days of pregnancy. The uterine diameter was the best maternal parameter that can be used for the longest period for estimation of Shami goats gestational age.
Determination of the Toxic Dose of Experimental Lead Poisoning for Male Goats in Fallujah City, Iraq
Authors: Fahad Omar , Al-Graibawi Mawlood
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to induce lead poisoning experimentally in male goats to determine the toxic dose and investigate it is effects on hematological parameters, and the functions of the liver and kidney. The experiment was performed on 15 male goats, aged between 3 – 5 months with a mean weighing 13±0.65 kg. Goats were divided into five equal groups, the first represented the control group given tap water, while the other groups were given orally (by stomach tube) 70,100,200 and 400 mg/kg B.W. of lead acetate respectively, for 5 days. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks to estimate the concentrations of lead, hematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated a significantly (P≤0.05) increase of lead(0.738±0.07ppm), only in goats which received 400 mg Pb/kg B.W of lead with symptoms included: depression, dullness, anemia, muscle twitching, staggering, and teeth grinding, with a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin 10.391±0.41*106/ml, 25.5±0.55%, and 8.30±0.19g/dl respectively, compared with the control ones. Also, increase in total white blood cell count to 9.098±0.08*103/ml, neutrophils 39.07±0.93%, monocytes 1.88±0.07%, and eosinophils 4.82±0.05%. The same group results showed significant elevations in the activities of liver enzymes; ALT 59.9±0.20u/l, AST 243±1.3u/l, in addition, the serum levels of creatinine and urea were also increased indicating renal frailer 1.96±0.05 mg/dl and 29.78±0.34 mg/dl respectively. In summary, this is the first study that proved the toxic dose of lead poisoning for male goats in Iraq and estimate their hazardous results on the hematological and chemobiological analyses on goats.
La adherencia terapéutica y las enfermedades crónicas. Un problema clínico.
Authors: Diaz Atencio Virginia
Published: December 2021

La aceptación de padecer una enfermedad crónica y aprender a convivir con ésta puede ser un proceso lento para el paciente y su familia. Los niños y los adolescentes con una enfermedad crónica se enfrentan a un desafío que requiere afrontar la responsabilidad y exigencias de la necesidad de un tratamiento diario a largo plazo que muchas veces requiere adaptar sus actividades y su vida para cumplir con el mismo. El objetivo del tratamiento en las enfermedades crónicas es minimizar los síntomas, alcanzar el control o modificar la evolución natural para lograr una calidad de vida adecuada. Adherencia significa la aceptación de un rol activo en el propio cuidado de la salud, pero que debe comprender la colaboración entre el paciente, su familia y el equipo de salud. Esta colaboración debe incluir confianza, términos como negociación, toma de decisiones en forma conjunta y comunicación para determinar el tratamiento adecuado de la enfermedad. La adherencia al tratamiento es un problema y constituye un reto y una preocupación para los médicos que tratan a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas porque la falta de adherencia genera empeoramiento de la enfermedad, aumento del número de hospitalizaciones, altos costos para el paciente, la familia y el sistema de salud.
Desafío Diagnóstico
Authors: Batista Leria
Published: December 2021

Recién nacido a término adecuado para la edad gestacional, producto #3 de madre de 26 años la cual se realizó #6 controles prenatales. Nace vía parto vaginal eutócico, sin complicaciones. Durante el examen físico de rutina, se evidencia hipertonía de miembros superiores e inferiores, hiperextensión del cuello y microcefalia.
Histiocitosis de las células de Langerhans. De la teoría a la práctica clínica.
Authors: Abrego Janin
Published: December 2021

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad caracterizada por la expansión clonal de precursores mieloides que se diferencian en CD1a + / CD207 + en las lesiones. Se presenta en todas las edades con diversos grados de afectación sistémica y, aunque las tasas de curación son altas, las complicaciones neurológicas o endocrinas graves a largo plazo pueden afectar la calidad de vida. Se presenta en un cuadro la evolución de 2 pacientes, en el que se observa no siempre es tan fácil llevar a la práctica clínica los conocimientos médicos para llegar al diagnóstico de las enfermedades y más aún si estas son infrecuentes en nuestro entorno.
Efecto del ácido salicílico sobre la maduración fenológica de frutos de café en pre-cosecha
Authors: Unigarro Carlos Andrés , Imbachí Luis Carlos , Pabón Jenny Paola , Osorio Valentina , Acuña-Zornosa José Ricardo
Published: December 2021

En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto del ácido salicílico (AS), en dos tiempos de aplicación, sobre la maduración fenológica de frutos de café, al retardar un pase de recolección durante la pre-cosecha. En las Estaciones Experimentales Paraguaicito y La Catalina sobre café variedad Castillo®, se instalaron seis tratamientos correspondientes a tres dosis de AS [0,5, 1,0 y 2,0 mmol L-1], aplicadas en dos tiempos [una semana antes y durante el evento de recolección principal (ERP)] con un pase de recolección retenido; más dos controles sin aplicación de inhibidores [C1: recolección normal, C2: recolección con retención de pase], en parcelas bajo un diseño completamente al azar. En los muestreos a nivel de rama y muestra de 1,0 kg, se evaluaron las variables: porcentaje de frutos verdes, pintones, maduros, sobremaduros, cosechables y secos; además del porcentaje de frutos caídos a nivel de rama, la producción de café cereza por parcela y la calidad de la bebida según la escala SCA. Los resultados mostraron que el AS aplicado una semana antes del ERP, a una dosis de 1,0 mmol L-1, y en la semana del ERP, a una dosis de 2,0 mmol L-1, retardaron el desarrollo fenológico de los frutos cosechables y secos a nivel de rama, y levemente el desarrollo de los frutos sobremaduros a nivel de muestra de 1,0 kg, pero no en los frutos cosechables de la muestra para La Catalina. Mientras que en Paraguaicito no hubo efecto a ningún nivel. Esto indica que el efecto del AS sobre la maduración es bajo cuando la retención del pase se extiende por más de 20 días después del ERP, y por lo tanto su uso no sería recomendable bajo estas condiciones. La producción y puntaje SCA no presentaron diferencias estadísticas asociadas con el efecto del AS.
İşletmelerin, Tüketici Tarafından Algılanan Sosyal Medya Çabalarının (Aktivitelerinin) Marka Tercihine Etkisinde Markaya Duyulan Güvenin Aracılık Etkisi: GSM Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Authors: CESUR Zafer , MEMİŞ Salih
Published: December 2021

Teknolojik gelişmeler, bireylerin yaşantısı, kişiler ve işletmeler arası iletişim, haberleşme, dağıtım ve ulaşım kanalları gibi işleyişlerinin değişmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Özellikle iletişim alanında yaşanan değişimler bireyler arası etkileşimin boyutunu ve biçimini değiştirmiştir. Bu iletişim alanında yaşanan en önemli değişimin başında da her geçen gün artan sosyal medya kullanımı gelmektedir. Sosyal medya ağları ilk önce bireylerin birbirleri ile haberleşmesini sağlayan alanlar olarak faaliyet göstermekte iken, yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte işletmelerin mal ve hizmetlerine yönelik sosyal medya çabaları içerisinde bulunduğu bir alan olarak da yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, işletmelerin sosyal medya üzerinden gerçekleştirdiği pazarlama çabalarının markaya duyulan güven ve marka tercihi üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda tüketicilerin algıladıkları sosyal medya pazarlama çabalarının tüketicilerin markaya duydukları güven üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tüketicilerin algıladıkları sosyal medya pazarlama çabalarının, tüketicilerin markaya duydukları güven düzeyi üzerinden (aracılık etkisi) marka tercihi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.
Turizm Yöneticilerinin Ekoturizm Algısının AHP Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi: Giresun İli Örneği
Authors: TURAN Melek , AKYURT Hakan
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, özellikle Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde önemli bir turizm çeşidi haline gelen ekoturizm kavramının turizm yöneticilerinin algılarındaki yerinin belirlenmesidir. Turizm yöneticilerinin ekoturizme bakış açılarının ortaya konması ve tutumlarının tespiti hedeflenmektedir. Birçok farklı turizm çeşidini bünyesinde barındıran ekoturizm faaliyetlerinin, mevcut ve geleceğe yönelik olarak, Giresun turizmine katkısının durumu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olan Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılarak, Giresun ilinde otel ve seyahat yöneticileri, İl Kültür Turizm Müdürlüğü yöneticileri, turizm alanında çalışan sivil toplum kuruluşları yöneticileri ve turizm eğitimi almış alanında uzman akademisyenler ile anket yapılmıştır. AHP yöntemine uygun olarak hazırlanan anket formunda, doğal şartlar, ulaşım, güvenlik, fiyat, iklim, yayla turizmi ve konaklama tesisleri kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, SPSS analizi ile yöneticilerin demografik bulgularına yönelik sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Toplam 10 turizm yöneticisi ile yüz yüze şekilde anketler uygulanmış ve sonuçlar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, ekoturizm destinasyonlarında gerçekleştirilen turizm faaliyetlerini etkileyen kriterlerin seçimine yönelik öncelik sıralanması en önem verilenden az önem verilene doğru sırayla güvenlik, ulaşım, fiyat, iklim, yayla turizmi, konaklama tesisleri ve doğal şartlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Turizm yöneticileri tarafından ekoturizme etki eden en önemli kriterin güvenlik olduğu ifade edilmektedir.
Moğollarda İstihbarat Faaliyetleri
Authors: DELİBALTA Yavuz
Published: December 2021

XIII. Yüzyıl başında Moğollar Cengiz Han liderliğinde askerî tarihin en büyük ve hızlı fetih hareketini başlattılar. Çin’den Orta Avrupa’ya kadar çok geniş bir sahada gerçekleşen büyük askerî seferlerle parlak zaferler kazandılar. Bu süreçte Moğolların başarı sağlamasındaki en önemli faktörlerden biri de istihbarat faaliyetlerine çok önem vermeleri ve iyi işleyen bir haber alma mekanizmasına sahip olmalarıydı. Moğol orduları herhangi bir seferden önce hedef bölgenin siyasi, askerî, sosyal ve ekonomik durumları hakkında her türlü bilgiyi toplamaya büyük özen göstermişlerdir. İstihbarat toplama sürecinde genellikle casuslar, tacirler ve elçilerden istifade edilmiştir. Hedef ülkelerde taraf değiştiren yahut devşirilen yerel unsurlar da istihbarat mekanizmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Askerî sahada ayrıca keşif seferleri, öncü birlikler, gözcüler ve kılavuzlar vasıtasıyla ayrıntılı istihbarat çalışmalarında bulunulmuştur. Toplanan tüm istihbarî bilgilerin iletimi ve ordu birimleri arasındaki iletişim yam denilen hızlı bir posta sistemi sayesinde ok haberciler vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
First record in Africa of the parasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from tomato fields in Algeria
Authors: Krache Farial , Boualem Malika , Fernandez-Triana Jose , Bass Amber , Arnó Judit , Benourad Fouzia
Published: December 2021

The Neotropical parasitoid wasp Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh, 1975) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one of the most important biocontrol agents of the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is reported for the first time from Africa, from tomato grown in open fields and greenhouses in several regions of Algeria. Color photos of specimens from Algeria, Spain and South America, as well as the holotype and one paratype are provided. Morphological and molecular details to better characterize and recognize the species are also provided. We speculate that D. gelechiidivoris arrived accidentally to Algeria from Spain, where it has recently been reported. The consequences for future biocontrol projects against T. absoluta in Africa are discussed.
Corrigendum: Description of Kavayva, gen. nov., (Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) and two new species associated with Guarea (Meliaceae), and a review of New World eurytomids associated with seeds. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 101–121. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.71309
Authors: Zhang Y. Miles , Gates Michael W. , Silvestre Rogerio , Scarpa Manuela
Published: December 2021

In a paper about the description of Kavayva, a new genus of Eurytomidae (Zhang et al. 2021) The indication of repository for the type specimens were missing. We regret this omission, and provide the missing information below.

MUSM – Natural History Museum of the San Marcos University, Lima, Peru

UFGD – Museum of Biodiversity of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados-MS, Brazil

USNM – United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.

Kavayva bodoquenensis

Zhang, Silvestre, & Gates, sp. nov.

Holotype female deposited at USNM.

Paratypes deposited at USNM [12F, 13M] and UFGD [8F, 3M].

Kavayva davidsmithi

Zhang & Gates, sp. nov.

Holotype female deposited at MUSM.

Paratypes deposited at USNM [1F, 1M].
Fine-grain beta diversity in Palaearctic open vegetation: variability within and between biomes and vegetation types
Authors: Dembicz Iwona , Dengler Jürgen , Gillet François , Matthews Thomas J. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Bartha Sándor , Campos Juan Antonio , De Frenne Pieter , Dolezal Jiri , García-Mijangos Itziar , Guarino Riccardo , Güler Behlül , Kuzemko Anna , Naqinezhad Alireza , Noroozi Jalil , Peet Robert K. , Terzi Massimo , Biurrun Idoia
Published: December 2021

Aims: To quantify how fine-grain (within-plot) beta diversity differs among biomes and vegetation types. Study area: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We extracted 4,654 nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes between 0.0001 m² and 1,024 m² from the GrassPlot database spanning broad geographic and ecological gradients. Next, we calculated the slope parameter (z-value) of the power-law species–area relationship (SAR) to use as a measure of multiplicative beta diversity. We did this separately for vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens and for the three groups combined (complete vegetation). We then tested whether z-values differed between biomes, ecological-physiognomic vegetation types at coarse and fine levels and phytosociological classes. Results: We found that z-values varied significantly among biomes and vegetation types. The explanatory power of area for species richness was highest for vascular plants, followed by complete vegetation, bryophytes and lichens. Within each species group, the explained variance increased with typological resolution. In vascular plants, adjusted R2 was 0.14 for biomes, but reached 0.50 for phytosociological classes. Among the biomes, mean z-values were particularly high in the Subtropics with winter rain (Mediterranean biome) and the Dry tropics and subtropics. Natural grasslands had higher z-values than secondary grasslands. Alpine and Mediterranean vegetation types had particularly high z-values whereas managed grasslands with benign soil and climate conditions and saline communities were characterised by particularly low z-values. Conclusions: In this study relating fine-grain beta diversity to typological units, we found distinct patterns. As we explain in a conceptual figure, these can be related to ultimate drivers, such as productivity, stress and disturbance, which can influence z-values via multiple pathways. The provided means, medians and quantiles of z-values for a wide range of typological entities provide benchmarks for local to continental studies, while calling for additional data from under-represented units.

Syntaxonomic references: Mucina et al. (2016) for classes occurring in Europe; Ermakov (2012) for classes restricted to Asia.

Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; EDGG = Eurasian Dry Grassland Group; SAR = species-area relationship.
Les interventions orientées vers le corps sont-elles centrées sur la personne ?
Authors: Haudiquet Xavier
Published: December 2021

Ce travail part de l’hypothèse que le langage non verbal est une expression de la personne, au même titre que le contenu de sa narration ou de ses sentiments. Cependant, dans la littérature de l’Approche centrée sur la personne, le corps et ses manifestations sont peu évoqués. Cela conduit à se demander si le cadre théorique centré sur la personne autorise une prise en compte de cette métacommunication. La discussion tourne autour de la question suivante : une intervention orientée vers le langage corporel du client est-elle centrée sur la personne ? Différentes objections sont analysées avant d’envisager comment le psychothérapeute centré sur le client peut aborder les manifestations corporelles de son client tout en restant en cohérence avec les prémisses philosophiques de l’Approche centrée sur la personne.
L’approche cinématique des spectacles dans les programmes et livrets des pièces à machines (1640-1670)
Authors: Michel Lise
Published: December 2021

En se basant sur le corpus des livrets (« desseins » ou « sujets ») des pièces à machines françaises entre les années 1640 et les années 1670, l’article montre la manière dont les lecteurs et les futurs spectateurs sont sensibilisés à la question du mouvement scénique. Pour susciter l’adhésion au spectacle, ces brochures attirent en effet l’attention sur différents types et natures de mouvement. Ce faisant, elles élaborent une approche critique et un modèle original d’appréhension et d’évaluation des spectacles, qui les caractérisent et les évaluent au regard de leur qualité cinétique, et ce, au moment même où se développe, dans le domaine de la physique, la science de la cinématique.
Charles Perrault critique d’ Alceste : une poétique galante de l’image
Authors: Naudeix Laura
Published: December 2021

Dans sa Critique d’ Alceste (1674), Charles Perrault, alors étroitement associé à la Petite Académie, élabore une comparaison de la tragédie d’Euripide et de l’opéra moderne, envisagés du point de vue du spectateur. Reprenant la Poétique d’Aristote, il se prend à élaborer une réflexion sur l’effet dramatique du spectaculaire. Ce faisant, il pose un jalon original dans la pensée de la représentation théâtrale, dégagée de l’herméneutique allégorique mais encore tributaire d’une tournure d’esprit galante.
Quel effet le cannabis a-t-il sur les travailleurs sociaux ?
Authors: Pinto Benoît
Published: December 2021

Les institutions installées à Bayemont inaugurent en 2009 un projet commun destiné aux 12-25 ans. Une coexistence pas toujours évidente se développe entre regroupements juvéniles, et elle se caractérise notamment par l’apparition de nouveaux usages au sein du dispositif. Nous porterons le regard plus spécifiquement sur l’un d’entre eux : la consommation de cannabis. Par l’intermédiaire de cette pratique singulière, il sera question de montrer que la fabrication de l’intervention sociale débouche sur une coconstruction de l’action au quotidien, impliquant non seulement les agents de terrain mais aussi les jeunes, voire le quartier. Le travail social fabriqué quotidiennement passe par l’élaboration de compromis, le maintien du dialogue, ou engage une réflexion sur ce qui édifie l’échange entre professionnels et usagers.
Émancipation et travail social : pratiques et arts de faire
Authors: t’Serstevens Delphine , Vandeleene Mélanie
Published: December 2021

Enseignantes en Haute École, nous avons pu relever, lors d’échanges avec les travailleurs sociaux de terrain, que les professionnels de l’action sociale souhaitaient échanger sur leurs pratiques dans le contexte actuel de mutations sociétales. Au travers de cet article, nous souhaitons partager une pratique reliant monde de l’enseignement et milieux professionnels. Notre intention, en tant que chercheuses formées en parallèle à l’analyse des pratiques, a été de tenter de se situer au plus près des gestes des travailleurs sociaux ; pour ce faire, nous avons développé une méthodologie toute spécifique. Cette recherche a donné lieu à la publication d’un livre présentant à la fois le contexte et les enjeux dans lesquels le travail social se développe, la méthodologie de la recherche utilisée et les résultats de celle-ci.
Les politiques d’approvisionnement local sont-elles favorables aux agriculteurs ? Le contre-exemple de la politique alimentaire de la région Bretagne
Authors: Pahun Jeanne
Published: December 2021

À la suite de la crise de la filière porcine de 2015, le conseil régional de Bretagne a mis en œuvre une politique alimentaire d’approvisionnement local des cantines scolaires des lycées de la région, notamment concernant la viande de porc. L’un des objectifs de cette politique était d’assurer un retour de valeur ajoutée aux éleveurs locaux. À partir d’une série d’entretiens (31) et d’une étude de la littérature grise institutionnelle, nous avons confronté différents éléments de cadrage de cette politique (objectifs, instruments, enjeux symboliques et communicationnels) afin d’en identifier de manière plus précise les bénéficiaires. Cette analyse remet en question le bénéfice perçu par les agriculteurs et ce, selon plusieurs aspects : le choix d’intervenir sur des transactions d’achats alimentaires massifiés, la priorité donnée aux acteurs du secteur agro-industriel lors de l’étape du sourcing fournisseurs et l’absence de critères dans les appels d’offre concernant le prix payé aux producteurs.
L’intégration de la dimension sociale dans une politique alimentaire métropolitaine. L’exemple de Bordeaux Métropole
Authors: Corade Nathalie , Lailliau Julie , Lemarié-Boutry Marie , Noël Julien
Published: December 2021

Cet article analyse la place faite à la dimension sociale dans la fabrique d’une politique alimentaire métropolitaine, en axant l’analyse sur les questions d’accessibilité et d’inégalités socio-spatiales. À partir d’entretiens compréhensifs et d’observations participantes, menés sur la Métropole de Bordeaux, sont analysés les jalons d’un récit social d’une politique alimentaire territoriale en construction. Il est montré que si une place est aujourd’hui laissée aux enjeux de justice socio-spatiale et de démocratie alimentaire dans cette fabrique territoriale métropolitaine, celle-ci se construit néanmoins en îlots. Elle reste fragmentée sur le plan social (focus sur les publics en situation de précarité) et spatial (concentration des actions sur la rive droite et sur la ville-centre de la métropole).
Community Groups as Triggers of Female Entrepreneurship, the Case of Senegal’s Food Sector
Authors: Alexandre Laurice , Ndour Mamour
Published: December 2021

Cet article présente une recherche visant à répondre aux questions suivantes: qu’est-ce qui motive les femmes sénégalaises à choisir des groupes communautaires pour créer leurs entreprises ? Comment les institutions influent-elles sur leurs processus d’entrepreneuriat ? Pour ce faire, une étude approfondie de quatre cas de groupes communautaires féminins a été menée. Les résultats montrent que, par les aspects techniques et psychologiques qu’ils apportent, les groupes communautaires féminins constituent un cadre idéal pour aider les femmes à réussir. Cet arrangement les aide également à mieux gérer l’organisation de leur vie personnelle. Le processus entrepreneurial est plutôt causal et allégé, mais certainement pas moins efficace.
Finite-time sliding mode control for UVMS via T-S fuzzy approach
Authors: Dong Xiang , Ren Chengcheng , He Shuping , Cheng Long , Wang Shuo
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the control problem of Underwater Vehicle with Manipulator System (UVMS), this paper proposes a finite-time sliding mode control strategy via T-S fuzzy approach. From the general dynamic model of UVMS and considering the influence between the manipulator and the underwater vehicle, hydrodynamic damping, buoyancy and gravity as the fuzzy items, we establish global fuzzy dynamic model and design a closed-loop fuzzy sliding mode controller. We prove the model in theory from two aspects: the reachability of sliding domain and the finite-time boundedness. We also give the solution of the controller gain. A simulation on the actual four joint dynamic model of UVMS with two fuzzy subsystems is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this method.
A study of behaviour for fractional order diabetes model via the nonsingular kernel
Authors: Rashid Saima ,   Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Jarad Fahd , Jawa Taghreed M. ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cankaya University, 06530 Ankara, Turkey,   Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2021

A susceptible diabetes comorbidity model was used in the mathematical treatment to explain the predominance of mellitus. In the susceptible diabetes comorbidity model, diabetic patients were divided into three groups: susceptible diabetes, uncomplicated diabetics, and complicated diabetics. In this research, we investigate the susceptible diabetes comorbidity model and its intricacy via the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative operator in the Caputo sense (ABC). The analysis backs up the idea that the aforesaid fractional order technique plays an important role in predicting whether or not a person will develop diabetes after a substantial immunological assault. Using the fixed point postulates, several theoretic outcomes of existence and Ulam's stability are proposed for the susceptible diabetes comorbidity model. Meanwhile, a mathematical approach is provided for determining the numerical solution of the developed framework employing the Adams type predictor–corrector algorithm for the ABC-fractional integral operator. Numerous mathematical representations correlating to multiple fractional orders are shown. It brings up the prospect of employing this structure to generate framework regulators for glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Classification of chain rings
Authors: Alkhamees Yousef ,   Department of Mathematics, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Alabiad Sami
Published: December 2021

An associative Artinian ring with an identity is a chain ring if its lattice of left (right) ideals forms a unique chain. In this article, we first prove that for every chain ring, there exists a certain finite commutative chain subring which characterizes it. Using this fact, we classify chain rings with invariants $ p, n, r, k, k', m $ up to isomorphism by finite commutative chain rings ($ k' = 1 $). Thus the classification of chain rings is reduced to that of finite commutative chain rings.
Imagens do funcionamento institucional e arranjos sociais da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu
Authors: Silva Michel Andrade da
Published: December 2021

O presente ensaio faz uma investigação acerca do funcionamento institucional e os arranjos sociais criados entre os atores da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ), através de imagens comentadas. Trata de uma análise institucional da APAJ, o papel que cada ator desenvolve na instituição, e os principais desafios para manutenção da sustentabilidade ambiental na referida Unidade de Conservação.
Suscetibilidade a eventos de inundação como subsídio ao planejamento urbano - O estudo da cidade do Crato/Ceará/Brasil
Authors: Brito Edmundo Rodrigues de , Bastos Frederico de Holanda
Published: December 2021

Os perigos naturais nas cidades representam enorme desafio em termos de planejamento urbano demandando uma sólida base teórico-metodológica de análise na perspectiva de se evitar danos socioeconômicos. Através do conceito de suscetibilidade e sua aplicabilidade no planejamento urbano, o presente trabalho propõe uma modelagem de suscetibilidade à eventos de inundação para os principais rios que drenam a cidade do Crato/CE/Brasil (rios Granjeiro, Batateiras, Saco do Lobo e Constantino), tendo em vista os recorrentes problemas locais associados com eventos de inundações. Através da combinação de técnicas estatísticas, geoprocessamento e análise hidrológica a pesquisa propôs para cada rio em estudo, três níveis de suscetibilidade à inundação (com grau de detalhamento centimétrico), de acordo com o tempo de recorrência adotado, sendo de cinco anos para as áreas de elevada suscetibilidade, vinte anos para as áreas de média suscetibilidade e cem anos para as áreas de baixa suscetibilidade. O resultado indica setores da zona urbana que já vêm sofrendo problemas ambientais associados ao aumento das águas dos rios em eventos de precipitações intensas, com destaque para as áreas de entorno do rio Granjeiro, além de apontar áreas com tendências a apresentarem problemas da mesma natureza a partir da intensificação de ocupações indevidas, servindo assim como subsídio para um planejamento urbano na perspectiva de minimizar os riscos naturais locais.
« L’ombre de Brutus » : l’action politique de Gaston d’Orléans et les valeurs de « l’ancienne Rome »
Authors: Amstutz Delphine
Published: December 2021

L’historiographie contemporaine, fidèle aux témoignages des mémorialistes et des libellistes du xviie siècle, comprend généralement l’action politique de Gaston d’Orléans, dans les années 1630, en référence aux valeurs de « l’ancienne Rome » républicaine, célébrée par Guez de Balzac et Corneille. Cependant, les traductions successives de Tacite que produit, de 1615 à 1636, Rodolphe Le Maistre, médecin et pédagogue de Gaston, permettent de mieux apprécier les actions et positions politiques respectives du roi et de Monsieur par rapport à la culture tacitiste de leur temps.
Mademoiselle, fille de Monsieur : le prince et le père dans les Mémoires de la Grande Mademoiselle
Authors: Deguin Yohann
Published: December 2021

Fille de Gaston d’Orléans, la Grande Mademoiselle est aussi l’autrice de Mémoires au sein desquels Monsieur, frère de Louis XIII, tient une place particulière. L’étude de cette figure, à la fois père, frondeur et parmi les premiers hommes du royaume, met en évidence la construction d’une figure ambiguë, à la croisée du privé et du public, du témoignage d’affection filiale et du portrait d’un grand homme. L’on s’interroge, dans cet article, sur les paradigmes anciens – en particulier la vertu romaine de pietas – sur lesquels reposent les portraits croisés de la fille et du père, et sur leur signification dans la définition des Mémoires comme pratique littéraire.
Les Anglais en France : sensualisme pérégrin et écriture du voyage dans la première moitié du xviiie siècle
Authors: Eche Antoine
Published: December 2021

L’influence des Anglais dans la théorisation du paysage au xviiie siècle est bien établie, avec en point de mire le développement de l’esthétique du sublime. Néanmoins, les récents développements critiques attenants à la littérature de voyage amènent à interroger l’essor de l’esthétique paysagère au sein de l’économie textuelle du récit de voyage, et plus précisément dans la première moitié du xviiie siècle, au moment où s’organise cette dynamique esthétique.
Les éleveurs, l’herbe et la montagne : un paysage de la pratique pastorale ?
Authors: Henry Dominique
Published: December 2021

Cet article vise à interroger quelles sortes de relations les éleveurs de trois vallées des Pyrénées centrales (Haute-Garonne et Hautes-Pyrénées) entretiennent avec leurs paysages. Le caractère ethnogéographique de cette recherche paysagiste mobilise et articule des savoir-faire paysagistes au sein d’une analyse de la matérialité évolutive des paysages pastoraux, une démarche géographique de localisation temporospatiale des pratiques d’élevage, et une entrée sociale enfin, sous la forme du recueil et de l’étude des récits de vie et de pratiques des éleveurs. Au cœur de cette transdisciplinarité, sur fond de paysages pastoraux, il apparaît que la gestion de la ressource en herbe fait appel à une relation sensible au lieu, à un vécu spécifique, nommé paysage, de la pratique pastorale dont il s’agit ici d’approcher les contours.
Les ambiguïtés du paysage forestier des Landes de Gascogne
Authors: Pottier Aude
Published: December 2021

Le paysage artificiel du massif forestier des Landes de Gascogne ne correspond pas simplement à celui que les automobilistes traversent pour regagner leur lieu de villégiature. Derrière l’apparente monotonie de la forêt de production se cache une diversité souvent méconnue qui fait l’objet de toutes les attentions notamment en termes de protection. La forêt littorale constitue bien souvent l’image de marque de cette forêt. Cependant, que les paysages de cette région soient porteurs d’une valeur esthétique reconnue, valorisée ou non, la forêt landaise est désormais indissociable d’un discours sur la naturalité ce qui, pour un massif artificiel, nous interpelle.
Environnement et paysage : les représentations sociales en réseau
Authors: Causans Aigline de
Published: December 2021

L’étude des représentations sociales en réseau permet d’analyser différents objets sociaux en lien les uns avec les autres. Nous analyserons ici les représentations de l’environnement dans un cadre large, la représentation des risques environnementaux majeurs, ici le réchauffement climatique, selon la sensibilité à l’environnement, puis la représentation sociale de l’environnement selon les acteurs dans un contexte particulier de modification et de protection de l’environnement et enfin la représentation du paysage comme cognition explicative des freins à la modification de l’environnement.
Des jardins artificiels par d'autres stimuli que purement visuels
Authors: Kimmel Laurence
Published: December 2021

Les tendances pour une hybridation entre naturel et artificiel, associées à une tendance de perte de maîtrise de l’architecture de la ville à grande échelle, nous amènent à repenser la notion de jardin contemporain. Certains architectes comme Philippe Rahm créent des dispositifs sensoriels, construits par des moyens techniques, artificiels, et qui ne sont pas prioritairement basés sur la vue. Le Pavillon de l’eau qu’il a conçu en 2008 pour les Voies navigables de France est basé sur les sens du goût et de l’odorat. Ces sens « matériels » sont pourtant pour Hegel moins efficaces à évoquer une spatialité que la vue et l’ouïe. Nous évoquerons en annexe des pistes énoncées dans l’art contemporain.
L’évolution de la conception des espaces extérieurs hôteliers
Authors: Saidane Ikram , Donadieu Pierre , Rejeb Hichem
Published: December 2021

Cet article s’attache à présenter les résultats d’une méthode d’analyse paysagère destinée à vérifier l’hypothèse de l’existence de trois modèles paysagers illustrant l’évolution de la conception des espaces extérieurs des hôtels de la région de Hammamet (Tunisie). Ces modèles sont dits vernaculaire, international et néovernaculaire.
The Internet of Things From a Legal Perspective
Authors: Sidi Ahmed Sidi Mohamed
Published: December 2021

The internet of things (IoT) is one of successive technological waves that could have great impact on different aspects of modern life. It is being used in transport, smart grids, healthcare, environmental monitoring, logistics, as well as for processing pure personal data through a fitness tracker, wearable medical device, smartwatch, smart clothing, wearable camera, and so forth. From a legal viewpoint, processing personal data has to be done in accordance with rules of data protection law. This law aims to protect data from collection to retention. It usually applies to the processing of personal data that identifies or can identify a specific natural person. Strict adherence to this law is necessary for protecting personal data from being misused and also for promoting the IoT industry. This chapter discusses the applicability of the data protection law to IoT and the consequences of non-compliance with this law. It also provides recommendations on how to effectively comply with the data protection law in the IoT environment.
Attacks on Voice Assistant Systems
Authors: Lien Jie , Al Momin Md Abdullah , Yuan Xu
Published: December 2021

Voice assistant systems (e.g., Siri, Alexa) have attracted wide research attention. However, such systems could receive voice information from malicious sources. Recent work has demonstrated that the voice authentication system is vulnerable to different types of attacks. The attacks are categorized into two main types: spoofing attacks and hidden voice commands. In this chapter, how to launch and defend such attacks is explored. For the spoofing attack, there are four main types, such as replay attacks, impersonation attacks, speech synthesis attacks, and voice conversion attacks. Although such attacks could be accurate on the speech recognition system, they could be easily identified by humans. Thus, the hidden voice commands have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years.
Survey of Automotive Cyber-Physical System Security
Authors: Arienmughare Michael , Yoshimura Andrew S. , Al Momin Md Abdullah
Published: December 2021

This chapter will provide a survey on cyber-physical systems security related to automobiles. In modern vehicles, there has been discussion on how automobiles fit into the world of cyber-physical systems, considering their interaction with both the cyber and physical worlds and interconnected systems. With many modern vehicles being connected to the outside world, there are many vulnerabilities introduced. Modern cars contain many electronic control units and millions of lines of code, which, if compromised, could have fatal consequences. Interfaces to the outside world (e.g., in-vehicle infotainment) may be used as a vector to attack these critical components.
An Analysis of Sector-Based Water Supply and Demand
Authors: Kusena Winmore , Debwe Thomas
Published: December 2021

This chapter sought to assess sector-based current water use levels in Sanyati catchment, assess a possibility of new ways of managing the catchment water using inter-basin transfer systems, and assess future water demands projection using WEAP model. The study was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Interviews and observations were the main primary data collection instruments. Findings showed that the main sectors and institutions that utilised water in the catchment were mining, agriculture, manufacturing industry, and local authorities. Local authorities and farming sectors were the major users of water. WEAP model results showed a steady increase in demand for water as a result of both population growth and agricultural activities water demand. The study mapped possible inter-basin transfer routes and recommends water harvesting as part of development and management in Sanyati catchment to address the problem of water shortage.
INTERFACES ENTRE UNIVERSIDADES E UNIVERSITÁRIOS UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA UNIVERSIDADE COMO INSTITUIÇÃO PROMOTORA DA SAÚDE
Authors:   Universidade de Franca, Nunes Mariana Aparecida Pereira Dias , Barcellos Carolina Milhim ,   Universidade de Franca, Santos Leonardo Carneiro dos , Silva Renan Antônio da ,   Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Nascimento Lilian Cristina Gomes do ,   Universidade de Franca
Published: December 2021

A transição para o ensino superior pode ser caracterizada como um fator estressor devido às exigências, adaptações e mudanças que os indivíduos podem vivenciar na inserção nesse contexto, influenciando diretamente na adoção de novos estilos de vida (EV) que interferem na qualidade de vida (QV). OBJETIVO: discorrer acerca do papel da universidade no que diz respeito aos aspectos referentes ao EV e QV de discentes. MÉTODO: Para compor o presente trabalho realizou-se uma revisão acerca da influência das Universidades Promotoras da Saúde na QV da comunidade acadêmica. Os resultados permitiram identificar a influência das Universidades Promotoras da Saúde na QV da comunidade acadêmica, os fatores que interferem na QV dos universitários e os aspectos relacionados a QV e EV dos mesmos, permitindo a compreensão sobre os fatores que precisam de melhorias bem como a associação entre EV e QV. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possibilitem um melhor entendimento acerca do EV e QV dos universitários subsidiando novas práticas de promoção da saúde.
An Analysis of Factors That Influence Students to Pursue Immunology
Authors: Anderson Ashlyn E , Buzzelli Nicholas , Loyd Christine , Giordano-Mooga Samantha , Redden David , Justement Louis B , Bruns Heather A
Published: December 2021

One considers many factors before choosing a career path, such as interest, accessibility of resources, academic ability, and social network support. As employment around the world in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines continues to increase, there is a need to understand why students select specific majors in an effort to increase overall enrollment and retention of STEM majors. The purpose of this study was to elucidate how undergraduate and graduate students were introduced to immunology, a STEM discipline, and how these experiences influenced their desire to pursue immunology as a major. The findings from this study show that a majority of both immunology and nonimmunology majors were initially exposed to immunology through an educational experience compared with a personal experience. Our data also indicate that the timing of the experience is critical, such that an educational experience at an advanced academic level, for example, in college, or a personal experience as a teen or young adult correlated with the decision to pursue an immunology degree. Moreover, graduate students studying immunology report that having research experiences and/or an experience with a mentor positively influenced their decision to pursue immunology. Overall, the findings from this research highlight the type and timing of exposures that influence individuals to major in the field of immunology, and these data can be used in the future to increase the number of immunology graduates.
Association of Temporal Bone Pneumatization and Dehiscence of Facial Nerve Canal
Authors: Nafees Hina , Usmani Dilshad Ahmed , Sharma Sonika , Jain S. K.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Facial nerve runs an extensive and complicated course through the temporal bone. Integrity of this nerve is affected by the anatomy of temporal bone. Hence, in-depth knowledge of facial canal and its surrounding structures is of utmost importance to avoid any iatrogenic injury during surgery of the middle ear. Temporal bone pneumatization has a great influence on pathogenesis and prognosis of temporal bone diseases. Hence, this study was planned to observe the pneumatization status of the temporal bone and whether there is any association between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscence of facial canal.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted on 30 formalin-fixed adult temporal bones. Dissection of temporal bone was done in the Anatomy Department, TMMC and RC, TMU, Moradabad. Various cells groups were observed in the temporal bones. Facial canal was exposed, and any dehiscence present was then noted.

Results:

Out of total temporal bones studied, 20 belongs to the right side and 10 of the left side. Pneumatization status of bones was observed by the assessment of different cells present in the bone. Out of 30 bones, 19 (63.3%) bones were well pneumatized, in which 14 bones were of right side and five were of left side. About 11 (36.6%) bones were poorly pneumatized. In which, six were of the right side and five of the left side. In this study, dehiscence of the facial canal was observed in 9 (30%) temporal bones in which eight bones were well pneumatized and one bone was nonpneumatized. In our study, 21 (70%) bones showed no or insignificant dehiscence. Fisher exact test and Spearman's correlation test were applied to observe any association between the two variables.

Conclusion:

No association exists in between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscent facial nerve canal.