bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of systemic immune inflammation index and mortality risk in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Zhiyong , Liao Canlin , Zhuang Zerui , Xu Zhennan , Liu Mingfa , Xu Haixiong
Published: February 2025

Background

Some studies have shown a strong link between the central nervous system and peripheral immune system, but the prognostic implications of dynamic peripheral immune-inflammatory responses in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the dynamic trajectory patterns of the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) in patients with TBI and assess its association with all-cause hospital mortality.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized a large public database of patients with TBI sourced from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) was used to analyze daily SII trajectories during the initial 0–7 days of hospitalization. Logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between different SII trajectory groups and hospital mortality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated based on the logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 312 patients were included in this study, 52 of whom died during hospitalization. Using GBTM, three distinct SII trajectories were identified: Group 1 (low-level, rapid decline; 18.90%), Group 2 (moderate-level, slow decline; 60.20%), and Group 3 (sustained high-level; 20.80%). Compared to patients in Group 1, those in Groups 2 and 3 had a higher risk of all-cause hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 19.75) and (OR 5.84; 95% CI 1.52, 30.67), respectively. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838, sensitivity: 75.0%, and specificity: 83.8% for mortality in this cohort.

Conclusion

This study identified three distinct SII trajectories, suggesting that post-TBI SII trajectories are heterogeneous patterns associated with mortality. The sustained high-level SII trajectory may serve as a marker of disease deterioration, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Describing the evolution of SII through GBTM and its correlation with clinical outcomes can enhance our understanding of the link between neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system.
A bibliometric analysis on delirium in intensive care unit from 2013–2023
Authors: Ma Xin , Wu Qingya , Ran Yue , Cao Xueqin , Zheng Hua
Published: February 2025

Background

Delirium is a common manifestation of acute brain dysfunction among patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), afflicting an estimated 30–35% of this vulnerable population. The prevalence of delirium in ICU settings has catalyzed a surge in academic interest, as evidenced by a growing body of literature on the subject. This study seeks to synthesize the progress in understanding ICU delirium through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core (WOS) Collection database for literature on ICU delirium, focusing on studies published between 2013 and 2023. Our analysis utilized two bibliometric software tools, Citespace and VOSviewer, to scrutinize the data across various dimensions, including country contributions, authorship patterns, publishing journals, key thematic terms, and other pertinent metrics, with the aim of identifying emerging trends in the field.

Results

Our search yielded a total of 1,178 publications on ICU delirium within the WOS database from January 2013 to June 2023. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in terms of published articles, with Ely, E. Wesley being the most prolific author, having published 85 articles, and “Critical Care Medicine” as the journal with the highest number of publications, totaling 105. The application of literature clustering and keyword analysis revealed that future research is poised to delve deeper into areas such as pediatric delirium, risk factors, and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion

This study employs bibliometric analysis to provide a multifaceted overview of the ICU delirium research landscape over the past decade. By examining the topic from various perspectives, we have not only mapped the current state of ICU delirium research but also illuminated potential avenues for future inquiry and areas of emphasis.
Impact of sleep chronotype on blood pressure and metabolic markers
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Wang Qinglu , Gao Yuan , Wang Jiefeng , Wang Feihao , Tang Jiyou
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between sleep chronotype and metabolic markers to further reveal the influence of sleep chronotype on human health.

Methods

The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was administered to 442 volunteers aged 23–70 years old. The sleep chronotype was divided into morning type (167 cases), neither type (224 cases), and evening type (51 cases). Blood pressure was recorded, and fasting venous blood samples were collected to assess liver function, renal function, blood glucose levels, blood lipid profile, and other biochemical parameters.

Results

1. There was a statistically significant difference in the age of the morning type, neither type, and evening type (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in gender, height, weight, and BMI (ps > 0.05). 2. After controlling for the influence of age-related factors, significant differences were seen between morning type, neither type, and evening type groups in creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05). 3. After controlling for the influence of age-related factors, the evening type group had lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to the morning type and neither type (p < 0.05). 4. After controlling the influence of age-related factors, the MEQ scores were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.099, 0.096, 0.104, ps < 0.05).

Conclusion

The evening sleep type is more prone to daytime sleepiness. There were significant differences observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP. These variations may be linked to the effects of different sleep chronotype on blood pressure regulation or the blood pressure’s autonomous rhythm.
Unmet needs in the management of migraine in Greece from the perspective of medical experts: a Delphi consensus
Authors: Kourlaba Georgia , Vikelis Michail , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Solakidi Argyro , Trafalis Dimitrios , Lioliou Katerina , Andriopoulos Panagiotis , Panagiotou Aspasia , Mitsikostas Dimos-Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Migraine is a chronic, debilitating neurological disorder affecting billions worldwide. While not life-threatening, migraine patients experience significant unmet needs in diagnosis and management. Addressing these challenges could result in improvement of patient outcomes and reduction of the socioeconomic burden migraine imposes on individuals, healthcare system and the society.

Objective

This survey aimed to capture in Greece the perspective of medical experts (neurologists) specializing in migraine management regarding the socioeconomic burden of migraine and the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

An online Delphi-based survey was conducted with 13 neurologists, experts in migraine. The survey consisted of 55 statements derived from literature research, regarding the burden of disease, diagnosis, treatment and unmet needs. Participants’ level of agreement for each statement was measured through a 5-point Likert scale (“Strongly Agree,” “Agree,” “Neither Agree nor Disagree,” “Disagree” and “Strongly Disagree”). Three rounds of voting were conducted to achieve consensus. The consensus threshold was set at 70% of responses, focusing on “Strongly Agree”/ “Agree” or “Disagree”/ “Strongly Disagree.”

Results

Most experts agreed on statements emphasizing on financial and social impact of the disease and its epidemiology. However, consensus was not reached on statements concerning patient preferences for treatment administration, treatment adherence, opioid use, and frequency of visits to neurologists. Consensus was reached on the need for better healthcare professional training and the development of effective, safe treatments.

Conclusion

This survey highlighted the challenges of prompt diagnosis and effective management of migraine. Addressing these needs requires patient-centered approaches, enhanced healthcare-provider training, tailored therapeutic interventions, and advanced communication platforms.
Quantitative evaluation method of stroke association based on multidimensional gait parameters by using machine learning
Authors: Wang Cheng , Long Zhou , Wang Xiang-Dong , Kong You-Qi , Zhou Li-Chun , Jia Wei-Hua , Li Pei , Wang Jing , Wang Xiao-Juan , Tian Tian
Published: February 2025

Objective

NIHSS for stroke is widely used in clinical, but it is complex and subjective. The purpose of the study is to present a quantitative evaluation method of stroke association based on multi-dimensional gait parameters by using machine learning.

Methods

39 ischemic stroke patients with hemiplegia were selected as the stroke group and 187 healthy adults from the community as the control group. Gaitboter system was used for gait analysis. Through the labeling of stroke patients by clinicians with NIHSS score, all gait parameters obtained were used to select appropriate gait parameters. By using machine learning algorithm, a discriminant model and a hierarchical model were trained.

Results

The discriminant model was used to distinguish between healthy people and stroke patients. The overall detection accuracy of the model based on KNN, SVM and Randomforest algorithms is 92.86, 92.86 and 90.00%, respectively. The hierarchical model was used to judge the severity of stroke in stroke patients. The model based on Randomforest, SVM and AdaBoost algorithm had an overall detection accuracy of 71.43, 85.71 and 85.71%, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed stroke association quantitative evaluation method based on multi-dimensional gait parameters has the characteristics of high accuracy, objectivity, and quantification.
The efficacy of an allosteric modulator of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a murine model of stroke
Authors: Hernandez Katherine , Jones Nathan , Ortega Sterling B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Ischemic strokes contribute significantly to cardiovascular-related deaths in the U.S., with current interventions limited to thrombolytic agents. However, these agents present challenges such as a limited therapeutic window, incomplete reperfusion rates, risk of transformation, reperfusion-induced inflammation, and a lack of promoting neuroprotection. We investigated an additional strategy in which prior studies indicated a neuroprotective role. Using a murine transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we sought to evaluate the neurotherapeutic efficacy of a positive allosteric modulator of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), PNU-120596 (PNU), specifically examining whether PNU would modulate stroke-induced neurological dysfunction and neuropathology, with modulation of neuroinflammation as a possible mechanism.

Methods

Young male C57BL/6J mice received a subcutaneous injection of 20mg/kg of vehicle (DMSO) or PNU-120596 immediately after reperfusion, and infarct area and Bederson score were analyzed 24 hours post-stroke. In the 72-hour post-stroke study, the animals were injected with 20mg/kg of PNU or vehicle subcutaneously immediately after reperfusion, followed by two additional doses of 10mg/kg of PNU or vehicle at 24 and 48 hours post-tMCAO. Seventy-two hours later, behavior function and infarct area were assessed.

Results

In contrast to previous rat studies that demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes, a single administration of PNU following stroke induction led to a reduction in acute neuropathology but did not produce a significant improvement in motor outcomes. Prolonged treatment showed no significant changes in acute neuropathology or sensorimotor function. Additionally, an assessment of neuroinflammation revealed no changes in CD4 T-cell cellularity or phenotype.

Discussion

These findings, alongside prior studies, suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of PNU may be contingent upon the timing of administration, dosage, and pharmacokinetics.
Weber’s Law as the emergent phenomenon of choices based on global inhibition
Authors: Penconek Marcin
Published: February 2025

Weber’s Law states that the ability to recognize the difference in intensity values is proportional to the reference intensity. The law is often generalized to the ratio principle which states that the proportionality also holds above the discrimination threshold. Experimental data showed that Weber’s Law fundamentally held in many sensory modalities including vision, audition, pressure, smell, and taste. However, violations were observed in many experimental studies and showed the mild convex relationship between stimulus intensities and Weber fractions. The magnitude of deviations from Weber’s Law was especially high in the low-intensity range in experiments on light brightness. The mechanistic foundation of Weber’s Law has recently received interest from neuroscience. It was postulated that the law constituted the emergent phenomenon arising in the choice circuit computing categorical choices based on global inhibition. This hypothesis suggested that the neurophysiological basis for Weber’s Law was linked to choice probabilities of a correct decision using linearly encoded stimulus intensities. Previous studies showed that the postulated mechanism led to the emergence of Weber’s Law. Our study showed that the same mechanism could also be responsible for the mild violation of Weber’s Law. The law approximately held for near-threshold discrimination, but did not hold as the ratio principle for easy discrimination with the high probability of a correct response. The revealed violation was qualitatively consistent with the experimental studies which showed the convexity of the relation between stimulus intensities and Weber fractions. However, the mechanism did not explain the magnitude of the deviations from Weber’s Law in the low-intensity range.
Luteolin: exploring its therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Lv Jialian , Song Xinyue , Luo Zixin , Huang Duoqin , Xiao Li , Zou Kang
Published: February 2025

Luteolin is a flavonoid widely found in plants, including vegetables, botanical drugs, and fruits. Owing to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, oxidative stress protection, anti-inflammatory, and neuron-preserving effects, luteolin has attracted attention in research and medicine. Luteolin exhibits therapeutic effects on various pulmonary disease models through multiple molecular mechanisms; these include inhibition of activation of the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as the promotion of regulatory T cell (Treg) function and enhancement of alveolar epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity (alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress responses). Luteolin has therapeutic effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, allergic asthma, and lung cancer. Luteolin, a naturally occurring polyphenol, is poorly water-soluble. The oral route may be ineffective because the gut poorly absorbs this type of flavonoid. Therefore, although luteolin exhibits significant biological activity, its clinical application is limited by challenges associated with its poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which are critical factors for its efficacy and pharmacological application. These challenges can be addressed by modifying the chemical structure and enhancing pharmaceutical formulations. We summarized the research advancements in improving the solubility and bioavailability of luteolin, as well as the effects of luteolin on various pulmonary diseases and their related mechanisms, with the aim of providing new ideas for researchers.
Compliant immune response of silk-based biomaterials broadens application in wound treatment
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Chen Hong , Zhao Ping
Published: February 2025

The unique properties of sericin and silk fibroin (SF) favor their widespread application in biopharmaceuticals, particularly in wound treatment and bone repair. The immune response directly influences wound healing cycle, and the extensive immunomodulatory functions of silk-based nanoparticles and hydrogels have attracted wide attention. However, different silk-processing methods may trigger intense immune system resistance after implantation into the body. In this review, we elaborate on the inflammation and immune responses caused by the implantation of sericin and SF and also explore their anti-inflammatory properties and immune regulatory functions. More importantly, we describe the latest research progress in enhancing the immunotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of composite materials prepared from silk from a mechanistic perspective. This review will provide a useful reference for using the correct processes to exploit silk-based biomaterials in different wound treatments.
A four-compartment controller model of muscle fatigue for static and dynamic tasks
Authors: Yang James , Rakshit Ritwik , Barman Shuvrodeb , Xiang Yujiang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Compartment based models of muscle fatigue have been particularly successful in accurately modeling isometric (static) tasks or actions. However, dynamic actions, which make up most everyday movements, are governed by different central and peripheral processes, and must therefore be modeled in a manner accounting for the differences in the responsible mechanisms. In the literature, a three-component controller (3CC) muscle fatigue model (MFM) has been proposed and validated for static tasks. A recent study reported a four-compartment muscle fatigue model considering both short- and long-term fatigued states. However, neither has been validated for both static and dynamic tasks.

Methods

In this work we proposed a new four-compartment controller model of muscle fatigue with enhanced recovery (4CCr) that allows the modeling of central and peripheral fatigue separately and estimates strength decline for static and dynamic tasks. Joint velocity was used as an indicator of the degree of contribution of either mechanism. Model parameters were estimated from part of the experimental data and finally, the model was validated through the rest of experimental data that were not used for parameter estimation.

Results

The 3CC model cannot capture the fatigue phenomenon that the velocity of contraction would affect isometric strength measurements as shown in experimental data. The new 4CCr model maintains the predictions of the extensively validated 3CC model for static tasks but provides divergent predictions for isokinetic activities (increasing fatigue with increasing velocity) in line with experimentally observed trends. This new 4CCr model can be extended to various domains such as individual muscle fatigue, motor units’ fatigue, and joint-based fatigue.
The role of starting knee angle in squat jump force-velocity profiles: interactions with subjects’ strength levels and imputed push-off distance
Authors: Qin Xuelin , Liu Beibei , Tang Ruolin , Liu Yan , García-Ramos Amador
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigated whether differences in the force-velocity (F-v) profile obtained using Samozino’s method during squat jumps (SJ) performed at varying knee angles are influenced by subjects’ strength levels and the push-off distance (HpO) used in the analysis.

Methods

Twenty-one resistance-trained men were classified as stronger (n = 10) or weaker (n = 11) based on the external load required to achieve a 10 cm SJ height. F-v profiles were randomly assessed over three sessions, with SJs performed at starting knee angles of 70° (SJ70), 90° (SJ90), and 110° (SJ110), using either the actual HpO specific to each condition or a standardized HpO corresponding to SJ90.

Results

Significant differences between SJ types were observed for maximum force (F0) and the F-v slope (SJ110 > SJ90 > SJ70). These differences were never influenced by subjects’ strength levels. The standardized HpO produced similar outcomes for maximum power (Pmax) and maximum velocity (v0), and more consistent results for F0 and the F-v slope compared to the actual HpO.

Discussion

Regardless of strength levels, standardizing HpO at 90° and allowing subjects to select a starting knee angle between 70° and 90° could simplify the evaluation process and improve the comparability of F-v profiles across subjects when using Samozino’s method.
Two-dimensional semantic morphological feature extraction and atlas construction of maize ear leaves
Authors: Song Hongli , Wen Weiliang , Zhang Ying , Zhao Yanxin , Guo Xinyu , Zhao Chunjiang
Published: February 2025

Maize ear leaves have important roles in photosynthesis, nutrient partitioning and hormone regulation. The morphological and structural variations observed in maize ear leaves are numerous and contribute significantly to the yield. Nevertheless, research on the fine-scale morphology of maize leaves is less, particularly the quantitative methods to characterize the morphology of leaves in two-dimensional (2D) space is absent. This makes it challenging to accurately identify 2D leaf shape of their cultivars. Therefore, this study presents the methods of 2D semantic morphological feature extraction and atlas construction, with the ear leaf in silking stage of maize association analysis population serving as an example. A three-dimensional (3D) digitizer was employed to obtain data from 1,431 leaves belonging to 518 inbred lines. The data was then processed using mesh subdivision and planar parameterization to create 2D leaf models with area-preserving characteristics. Additionally, averaged 2D leaf models of all the inbred lines were constructed, and 29 2D leaf features were quantified. Based on this, 11 features were extracted as semantic features of 2D leaf shape through clustering and correlation analysis. A comprehensive 2D leaf shape indicator L2D based on the 11 semantic features was proposed, and a 2D leaf shape atlas was constructed in accordance with the L2D ordering. Inbred line identification of 2D leaf shape in maize was achieved using the atlas. The results of maize leaf inbred line identification can determine the probability that the corresponding true inbred line ranked within the top 10 of the predicted results is 0.706, within the top 20 is 0.810, and within the top 45 is 0.900. This enables the generation of the corresponding maize 2D leaf shape through the matching of semantic features. The methodology presented in this study offers novel insights into the construction of semantic models for the morphology of maize and the identification of cultivars. It also provides a theoretical and technical foundation for the generation and drawing the leaf shape based on semantic 2D morphological and structural features.
The regulatory impact of serine/threonine-specific protein phosphorylation among cyanobacteria
Authors: Barske Thomas , Hagemann Martin
Published: February 2025

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. To thrive under environmental fluctuations, photosynthesis and metabolic activities needs to be adjusted. Previous studies showed that the acclimation of primary carbon metabolism to fluctuating carbon/nitrogen levels is mainly regulated at post-transcriptional level including diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Protein phosphorylation is regarded as main PTM in the sensing and balancing metabolic changes. In this review we aim to summarize the knowledge on serine/threonine-specific protein phosphorylation among cyanobacteria. Phosphoproteome studies identified several hundred phosphoproteins bearing many more specific phosphorylation sites. On the other hand, only relatively few serine/threonine-specific protein kinases were annotated in cyanobacterial genomes, for example 12 in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Systematic mutation of the kinase-encoding genes revealed first insights into their specific functions and substrates. Future research is needed to address how a limited number of protein kinases can specifically modify hundreds of phosphoproteins and to uncover their roles in the regulatory networks of cyanobacterial metabolism.
Leaf nitrogen allocation to non-photosynthetic apparatus reduces mesophyll conductance under combined drought-salt stress in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Li Lehao , Zhou Kai , Yang Xin , Su Xina , Ding Peng , Zhu Ying , Cao Fuliang , Han Jimei
Published: February 2025

Leaf nitrogen allocation plays a crucial role in determining both photosynthetic function and structural development of plants. However, the effects of drought, salt stress, and their combination on leaf nitrogen allocation, and how these affect mesophyll conductance (gm) and photosynthesis, remain poorly understood. In this study, we first investigated variations in photosynthetic characteristics and leaf nitrogen allocation, and analyzed the relationship between gm and leaf nitrogen allocation ratios in Ginkgo biloba under drought, salt and combined drought-salt stress. The results showed that all stress treatments significantly reduced the photosynthesis in G. biloba, with the combined drought-salt stress having the most significant inhibitory effect on the plant’s physiological characteristics. Under combined drought-salt stress, the limitation of photosynthesis due to gm (MCL) was significantly greater than under individual drought or salt stress. In contrast, the limitation due to stomatal conductance (SL) was similar to that observed under drought but higher than under salt stress. No significant differences in biochemical limitations (BL) were found across all stress treatments. Further research suggests that the increase in MCL under combined drought-stress treatment may be linked to a greater allocation of leaf nitrogen to non-photosynthetic apparatus (e.g., cell structure) and a smaller allocation to photosynthetic enzymes (i.e., ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, Rubisco). This is supported by the positive correlation between gm and the proportion of nitrogen allocated to the carboxylation system (Pr), as well as the negative correlation with the non-photosynthetic nitrogen ratio (Pnp). These findings help to advance our understanding of the mechanisms of photosynthesis and plant adaptability under combined drought-salt stress.
Social isolation in the young and middle-aged patients with stroke: role of social support, family resilience and hope
Authors: Wu Xiao Jia , Ke Ke , Liu Hui , Zhan Shao Ping , Wang Lei , He Juan Feng
Published: February 2025

Background

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China. Social isolation in stroke survivors is a major public health concern across the globe. Social isolation is associated with social support, family resilience, and levels of personal hope, but how they interact to predict social isolation in the young and middle-aged stroke survivors remains unclear.

Methods

Using cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method, a survey was conducted among 461 young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Perceived social support scale, General isolation Scale, Chinese version of Family Resilience Assessment Scale and Herth hope index were adopted to assess patients’ social, family and personal factors. SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling of the data.

Results

The young and middle-aged stroke survivors had a high level of social isolation(49.57 ± 5.84). In the mediating effects model, social support could influence social isolation directly (95% CI -0.250, -0.061) or indirectly through family resilience (95% CI -0.136, -0.062) or patient hope level (95% CI -0.078, -0.017). In addition, Family resilience and hope had a significant chain mediating effect between social support and social isolation (95% CI -0.029, -0.006).

Conclusions

Social support can have both direct and indirect effects on social isolation through the mediating factors of family resilience and hope. Clinicians and nurses can develop supportive interventions by taking integration of family and personal hope. On the one hand, resources can be directed to the individual patient, and on the other hand, the utilization of social support can be ensured by increasing family resilience and enhancing the coping capacity of family members and individuals.
Catalysing change in health and medical research policy: an Australian case study of deliberative democracy to reform sex and gender policy recommendations
Authors: Haupt Sue , Carcel Cheryl , Halliday Lily , Billiards Saraid , Carson Lyn , Redman Kyle , Lappan-Newton Scott , Aubrey Karin R. , Bickendorf Xander , Bourke Jane E. , Buchert Michael , Duarte Jessica Da Gama , Dasvarma Ayan , Drake-Brockman Thomas F. E. , Drysdale Kerryn , Dymock Stephen C. C. , Eadie Laura N. , Eckersley-Maslin Melanie , Eissmann Moritz Falk , Fazio James , Haire Bridget G. , Holder Melinda , Kleppe Nicole , Knight Ken , Mauclair Jonathan , Northcott Celine , Oliver Brian G. G. O. , O'Mara Tracy A. , Pang Ken , Philpot Steven , Purves-Tyson Tertia D. , Stewart-Olsen Jacob , Ursich Lauren , Vukelic Natalia , Yakou Marina H. , Graham Bronwyn , Lamon Severine , Huxley Rachel , Thompson Kelly , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Jenkins Christine , Wainer Zoe , Woodward Mark , Chappell Louise , Norton Robyn
Published: February 2025

Revising public health policy based on new data does not happen automatically. This is acutely relevant to the now undeniable evidence that many diseases develop differently between the sexes and may also be affected by gender. Current health and medical practices across the globe generally fail to cater for sex and gender effects in common diseases. Inadequate policy frameworks to guide the comprehensive inclusion of sex and gender in research jeopardises scientific rigour and ultimately the practices they underpin. To ensure that Australian health and medical research is fit-for-purpose, we realised that potent initiatives would be necessary to expedite strategic reframing of thought and behaviour. Here we report on our innovative engagement of end-users for democratic self-determined policy reform to guide health and medical research, based on robust data. We draw upon our specific study to outline seven key steps that can be adopted to accelerate effective change, across a breadth of evidence-based initiatives to reform health policies.
A community methodological protocol of a multisector collective impact collaboration to address older adult isolation in a rural county in the U.S.
Authors: Marcos Christine , Castellano Michael , Skripka Lindsey , Kaye Lenard W.
Published: February 2025

In 2019, a community collaborative of nearly 30 health care, social service, philanthropic, and government organizations came together to construct a community-wide plan to reduce older adult isolation in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. Although such collaborations have been pursued before, the current one has exceeded expectations, launched a promising pilot, and formed exciting ripple effects throughout the region's aging services landscape. Among the implementation strategies informing the initiative are the use of an interorganizational shared screening tool to identify isolation risk, a team of older adult peer navigators to provide one-on-one assistance and foster connections for those who are isolated, and a major public awareness campaign to educate residents on the negative health impacts of isolation and reduce the stigma felt by many living socially disconnected lives. This article will summarize the methodological process used in developing a cohesive, multi-sector collective impact coalition, as well as examine the limitations and future directions for this initiative.
Contextual determinates of under-five malnutrition in mining communities: a critical review of nutrition interventions for optimal impact
Authors: Nyirenda Herbert Tato , Mulenga David , Nyambe-Silavwe Hilda
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Malnutrition continues to be a widespread and critical public health issue, yet there is a lack of comprehensive evidence synthesizing empirical findings and assessing the practicality of nutrition interventions in diverse contexts. This paper analyzes contextual data to establish a benchmark for selecting effective nutrition strategies, thereby maximizing their impact and ensuring targeted, sustainable outcomes.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design to examine the key drivers of nutrition in mining communities, focusing on children under five and their caregivers. A sample of 711 participants was selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, direct measurements of children, and interviews with caregivers. Anthropometric measurements were conducted according to WHO standards to assess underweight status. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of context-specific nutrition interventions.

Results

Chi-square analysis highlights a complex interplay of factors influencing underweight in children under 5 years of age, including expenditure priorities (p = 0.002), access to resources such as primary grocery stores (p = 0.001) and farmers’ markets (p < 0.001), food preparation practices (p = 0.006), agricultural empowerment (p < 0.001), and feeding styles/strategies (p = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression further reveals that key determinants of child underweight include age (aOR = 15.24, p < 0.001), caregiver disability or chronic illness status (aOR = 0.14, p < 0.001), inadequate food production (aOR = 1.94, p = 0.009), and expenditure priorities (aOR = 2.46, p = 0.007). These factors collectively highlight the multifaceted nature of child undernutrition.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the critical importance of considering contextual factors when developing nutrition interventions. Key elements such as expenditure priorities, access to food resources, food preparation practices, agricultural empowerment, and feeding strategies play a significant role in shaping child nutrition outcomes. Understanding these factors is essential for designing interventions that are not only effective but also sustainable and culturally appropriate.
Differences in HIV infection trends in two regions of Cameroon with a longstanding HIV epidemic: insights from 2012 and 2022
Authors: Ngoume Yannick F. , Teagho Urmes C. , Eselacha Brice , Goni Oumarou H. , Kenfack Dell-Dylan , Tchakoute Mérimé , Nguefack-Tsague Georges , Tongo Marcel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

To achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target by 2025, it is of great importance to test and diagnose individuals infected with HIV; especially those residing in communities with limited access to health and in areas with a longstanding HIV epidemic, where the virus has been circulating since the early phase of the pandemic. In this regard, we determined the HIV prevalence in remote communities of the East and South administrative regions of Cameroon where the four cross-species SIV transmissions that gave rise to the four HIV-1 groups likely happened.

Methods

We did this in two different periods: 2012/2013 (Period 1; 4,435 participants enrolled in the East and 2,347 in the South) and 2021/2022 (Period 2; 2,203 participant enrolled in the East and 2,347 in the South) using HIV1/2 rapid assays and standard ELISAs and according to the WHO testing strategy.

Results

During Period 1, the HIV seroprevalence in the East was 6.9%. This prevalence had significantly decreased to 2.7% [Prevalence Difference or PD: 4.1 (3.1; 5.2); p < 0.001] by Period 2. Contrasting with these results, the HIV prevalence in the South during Period 1 was 5.5% and did not significantly change by Period 2 at 5.2% [PD: 0.3 (1.07;1.6); p = 0.67].

Conclusion

Our data suggest that HIV transmission in remote communities of the South administrative region of Cameroon has likely remained uncurbed over the past decade. As a result, this region should be prioritized in efforts to curb the spread of HIV and reduce its prevalence.
Older adults’ Internet use behavior and its association with accelerometer-derived physical activity
Authors: Chung Yen-Yu , Chen Jiaren , Lin Mei-Chun , Liu Ruo-Lan , Wu Jenn-Bang , Tsai Hsin-Chang , Lai Ting-Fu , Liao Yung , Park Jong-Hwan
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aging population is thriving worldwide, and it is critical to improve the health of older adults through physical activity (PA). Although the Internet can promote PA in older adults, limited studies have used objective tools to measure it. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of Internet use and PA levels in older adults.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, we employed convenience sampling. The participants were 172 adults aged 65 and older without cognitive impairment who could walk independently. We measured PA using a triaxial accelerometer, step counts, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). We measured Internet use via a self-report questionnaire, separated by frequency of use into high, moderate, and low or no use. We performed a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple logistic regression to examine the relationship between Internet use and PA.

Results

We included a total of 172 older adults (72.0 ± 5.5 years; 78.5% female). The group that used the Internet with moderate frequency exhibited higher daily step counts than the group that used the Internet with low frequency or not at all (moderate frequency: 7,888 steps > low frequency or no use: 6,070.6 steps). Compared to the group that used the Internet at a moderate frequency, older adults with a low frequency or those who did not use the Internet were less likely to meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding PA [odds ratio (OR): 0.242; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077–0.751].

Conclusion

Older adults with a low frequency of Internet use or those who did not use the Internet (i.e., those who used the Internet less than once a week or not at all, respectively) were less likely to meet the WHO’s recommended levels for PA than older adults who used the Internet with moderate frequency. The findings of this study can inform efforts to reduce age-related health risks and promote strategies for encouraging PA.
Altruism as a scaling ingredient: an exploration of the adoption of the Laboy tiller in Aurora
Authors: Manalo Jaime A. , Orcullo Louie Gerard F. , de Leon Teresa Joi P.
Published: February 2025

The Laboy tiller was developed to address the challenges of preparing fields with laboy soil conditions. This study uses the scaling ingredients framework developed by PPPlab and CIMMYT to examine how the machine scaled from its initial project in San Luis, Aurora, Philippines. In-depth interviews with farmers (n = 28) and key informants (n = 12) were conducted to address the research questions. The results show a lack of concerted efforts in addressing some of the scaling ingredients, such as collaboration, evidence and learning, leadership and management, and public sector governance. Consequently, the Laboy tiller experienced limited scaling outside of San Luis town. However, it had a profound impact on the farmers of laboy areas in Aurora, where the concept of altruism emerged as a critical scaling ingredient. Altruism facilitated the Laboy tiller’s dissemination through the personal networks of its initial owners, who valued and maintained the machine over time. Recognizing altruism as a key scaling ingredient could enhance the scaling efforts of other innovations by encouraging beneficiaries to actively participate in the continued uptake and sustainability of introduced innovation.
Green technology upgrade path for food supply chain enterprises: insights from grounded theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)
Authors: Lu Lin , Ren Yuelin , Dong Ruihai , Li Chaoling , Mao Siyi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the green technology upgrade path for food supply chain enterprises using grounded theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). It identifies six key elements of food supply chain resilience: network centrality, network connectivity, network heterogeneity, resource bricolage, entrepreneurs’ attention to new food technologies, and their alertness to such technologies. A theoretical model is constructed, and a questionnaire is designed based on these findings. The fsQCA reveals that configurational thinking exists among the key drivers of technology upgrades, with network centrality as a core element. Entrepreneurs’ attention to external new food technologies significantly impacts technological transformation, and network centrality is a necessary condition for upgrades. The study finds that the interaction of network connectivity, resource bricolage, and entrepreneurial attention generates a multiplicative effect, accelerating technological upgrading. The results highlight the importance of network centrality and the dynamic evolution of factors influencing green technological upgrades. The findings offer new perspectives for future research and enterprise strategies, emphasizing the need for active construction of cooperative networks, intensified entrepreneur training, optimized resource assembly strategies, and sufficient financial support. Future research could explore how digital transformation influences these upgrade paths. Additionally, studying the impact of international cooperation and trade policies on green technology upgrades in food supply chains would be valuable.
Establishment of a reverse genetics system for an epidemic strain of porcine rotavirus JXAY01 type G5P[23]I12
Authors: Liu Changjin , Wei Huangsiwu , Zhang Xingyi , Wu Wenjie , Shen Zhengqiao , Luo Feng , Deng Shunzhou
Published: February 2025

Porcine rotavirus is one of the most important pathogens causing diarrhea in newborn piglets, and the genome of this virus contains 11 double-stranded RNA segments, which are easy to be recombined among strains to produce new strains with different antigenic properties. The reverse genetics system is an informative tool for studying virus biology. Recently, adaptable plasmid-based reverse genetics systems were developed for the porcine rotavirus OSU strain; however, such systems have not been developed for epidemic porcine rotavirus genotypes in China. In this study, we successfully established a reverse genetic system based on an epidemic strain of porcine rotavirus JXAY01 isolated in recent years, which was characterized by a specific genotype constellation: G5-P[23]-I12-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1. 11 gene segments of porcine rotavirus JXAY01 were cloned into plasmid vectors similar to the SA11 system. JXAY01 genome segment plasmids were co-transfected with 10 complementary SA11 genome plasmids, and 11 monoreassortant strains were successfully rescued. Viral replication analyses of the parental SA11 strain and the monoreassortant strains showed that the structural protein replacement monoreassortants had reduced cell proliferation compared with the parental SA11 and non-structural protein replacement strains. The recombinant rJXAY01 strain could be successfully rescued using 11 pRG-JXAY01 plasmids. Whole genome sequencing showed 12 amino acid differences between the isolate JXAY01 and the recombinant rJXAY01, but there was no significant difference in their in vitro replication ability. This study reports the reverse genetic system, which lays the foundation for further understanding of porcine rotavirus molecular biology and novel vaccine development.
Assessment of point-of-care quantitative serum canine pancreatic lipase testing for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs
Authors: Liu Pin-Chen , Teng Kendy Tzu-yun , Lin Tsia-Lu , Sung Chi-Hsuan , Cheng Tsun-Li , Chou Chi-Chung
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Current point-of-care testing for canine-specific pancreatic lipase (CPL) provides semi-quantitative measurements with binary results. Recently, a commercial point-of-care testing method (Vcheck CPL) that offers quantitative measurement of CPL has emerged. However, clinical studies on its value (or utility) are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of this commercial point-of-care CPL in diagnosing dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis and to assess its correlation with a commercial semi-quantitative test and other clinicopathological variables.

Methods

A prospective observational study included 33 dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis and 20 clinically healthy dogs. Serum Vcheck CPL and SNAP ® cPL were tested, and clinical consensus scores were determined by 5 internists. Eleven dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis underwent follow-up testing during hospitalization. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for statistical analysis to assess the agreement between assays and the internists’ consensus score.

Results

Dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis had significantly higher serum Vcheck CPL (median: 843 μg/L, range: 77–2001, p < 0.0001) than healthy control dogs (median: 94 μg/L, range: 49–294). By day 3 of hospitalization, serum Vcheck CPL had significantly decreased in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis compared to day 1. The ICC score between the clinical consensus score, Vcheck CPL, and SNAP ® cPL was 0.75, indicating good agreement. Serum Vcheck CPL concentration was significantly correlated with serum concentrations of amylase, lipase, creatinine, ALP, and CRP.

Discussion

This study found good agreement between Vcheck CPL and SNAP ® cPL. This quantitative Vcheck CPL testing could serve as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing dogs with acute pancreatitis.
A new insight into the impact of copy number variations on cell cycle deregulation of luminal-type breast cancer
Authors: Mahdi Khamaneh Amir , Jafari-Gharabaghlou Davoud , Ansarin Khalil , Pazooki Pouya , Akbarpour Zahra , Naghili Behrooz , Zarghami Nosratollah
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasm in women. ER+ (Luminal subtype), representing over 70% of breast tumors, is a genetically diverse group. Structural and Numerical-Chromosomal instability initiates tumor development and is recognized as the primary driver of genetic alteration in luminal breast tumors. Genomic instability refers to the increased tendency of cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations during cell proliferation. The cell cycle check-point response to constant and stable genomic alterations in tumor cells drives this process. The impact of CNV patterns and aneuploidies in cell cycle and proliferation perturbation has recently been highlighted by scientists in Luminal breast tumors. The impact of chromosomal instability on cancer therapy and prognosis is not a new concept. Still, the degree of emerging genomic instability leads to prognosis alteration following cell cycle deregulation by chromosomal instability could be predicted by CNVs-based reclassification of breast tumors. In this review, we try to explain the effect of CIN in the cell cycle that ended with genomic instability and altered prognosis and the impact of CIN in decision-making for a therapy strategy for patients with luminal breast cancer.