bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing and evolution of structures within the southeastern Greater Caucasus and Kura Fold-Thrust Belt from multiproxy sediment provenance records
Authors: Forte Adam M. , Cowgill Eric S. , Sumner Dawn Y. , Garello Dominique I. , Niemi Nathan A. , Fowler K. Colton
Published: October 2024

The Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains are the locus of post-Pliocene shortening within the northcentral Arabia-Eurasia collision. Although recent low-temperature thermochronology constrains the timing of orogen formation, the evolution of major structures remains enigmatic—particularly regarding the internal kinematics within this young orogen and the associated Kura Fold-Thrust Belt (KFTB), which flanks its southeastern margin. Here we use a multiproxy provenance analysis to investigate the tectonic history of both the southeastern GC and KFTB by presenting new data from a suite of sandstone samples from the KFTB, including sandstone petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology. To define source terranes for these sediments, we integrate additional new whole-rock geochemical analyses with published DZ results and geological mapping. Our analysis reveals an apparent discrepancy in up-section changes in provenance from the different methods. Sandstone petrography and geochemistry both indicate a systematic up-section evolution from a volcanic and/or volcani-clastic source, presently exposed as a thin strip along the southeastern GC, to what appears similar to an interior GC source. Contrastingly, DZ geochronology suggests less up-section change. We interpret this apparent discrepancy to reflect the onset of sediment recycling within the KFTB, with the exhumation, weathering, and erosion of early thrust sheets in the KFTB resulting in the selective weathering of unstable mineral species that define the volcaniclastic source but left DZ signatures unmodified. Using the timing of sediment recycling and changes in grain size together as proxies for structural initiation of the central KFTB implies that the thrust belt initiated nearly synchronously along strike at ~2.0–2.2 Ma.
Oesophagopericardial fistula from mediastinal histoplasmosis presenting as purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade
Authors: Sehgal Abhinav , Beydoun Nour , Davidson Laura , Sweis Ranya
Published: October 2024

A man in his early 30s presenting with chest pain was admitted for the management of acute pericarditis and evaluation of a subcarinal mass incidentally noted on chest imaging. Shortly after admission, he developed cardiac tamponade. Emergent pericardiocentesis revealed purulent pericardial fluid with polymicrobial anaerobic bacteria, raising concern for gastrointestinal source and broad intravenous antibiotics were given. The pericardial fluid reaccumulated despite an indwelling pericardial drain and intrapericardial fibrinolytic therapy, necessitating a surgical pericardial window. Concurrent fluoroscopic oesophagram demonstrated oesophageal perforation with fistulous connection to the subcarinal mass and mediastinal drain, suggestive of oesophagopericardial fistula. Pathology from biopsy of the subcarinal mass returned with focal large necrotising granulomas consistent with histoplasmosis. Antifungal treatment was initiated, and the patient was eventually discharged home with nasogastric feeding tube and oral antibiotics and antifungals. This is the first reported case of polymicrobial pericarditis secondary to acquired oesophagopericardial fistula likely induced by mediastinal histoplasma lymphadenitis.
Social media users’ perspectives of spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of data sourced from social media
Authors: Hallo-Carrasco Alejandro , Furtado Pessoa de Mendonca Laura , Provenzano David Anthony , Eldrige Jason , Mendoza-Chipantasi Dario , Encalada Sebastian , Hunt Christine
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To identify Reddit users’ viewpoints and inquiries about spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic back pain using Reddit databases.

Methods

We performed a qualitative analysis of public, anonymous threads and comments from targeted subreddits within the Reddit community. We used the Python Reddit API Wrapper to extract relevant data. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using natural language processing to identify and categorize common questions, concerns, and opinions shared by patients regarding SCS.

Results

Our analysis included 112 posts and 448 comments. The tone of comments was neutral (n=231), followed by negative (n=121) and positive (n=96). 13 users actively encouraged other users to try the procedure, while 25 advised against it. The main topics of discussions revolved around pain relief expectations and adverse events. Almost half of users commenting about pain relief expectations reported experiencing considerably lower improvement than anticipated. Pocket pain, lead fracture/migration, infection risk, and scars were common topics of discussion among users. Furthermore, users shared strategies to mitigate postoperative discomfort and offered insights into device selection based on MRI conditionality, reprogramming need, and charging prerequisites.

Conclusion

Our Reddit analysis identified potential targets for enhanced dialog between physicians and patients around anticipated pain relief, complications, and postoperative care. Reddit and other social media platforms may offer valuable opportunities for healthcare professionals to improve engagement with patients.
Experimental and numerical studies on the proposed stiffener detailing of integral bridge steel H piles to alleviate the combined adverse effects of axial load and cyclic thermal displacements
Authors: Karalar Memduh , Dicleli Murat
Published: October 2024

Past research studies demonstrated that local buckling may be observed when the steel H piles (SHPs) at the abutments of integral bridges are simultaneously subjected to axial load and lateral plastic displacements. The large curvatures and strains associated with local buckling may lead to earlier low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure of the pile under cyclic thermal displacements. Accordingly, first, the detrimental effect of axial load combined with lateral plastic displacements leading to local buckling and accelerated LCF failure of the SHP is demonstrated through experimental testing and finite element modeling and analysis. Then preventive measures to eliminate or delay local buckling are developed and assessed numerically as well as by experimental testing. Numerical simulation and experimental test results revealed that welding longitudinal stiffeners on the flanges successfully prevent the local buckling of the flanges and improve the fatigue life of the pile.
Overlooked factors contributing to U.S. highway fatalities
Authors: Alswaeer Tharwat Khalaf , Safapour Elnaz , Rouhanizadeh Behzad , Tafazzoli Mohammadsoroush
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the effects of highway expenditure, number of transportation employees, and four work commute modes (driving alone, carpooling, public transportation, and motorcycle), and road condition on highway safety across Louisiana, the Gulf of Mexico states region, the Southern states region, and the U.S. as a whole. Data spanning from 2004 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using the stepwise multiple linear regression method. The analysis focused on their relationships with two key highway fatality rates: Fatality Rate 1 (number of fatalities per vehicle miles traveled) and Fatality Rate 2 (number of fatalities per number of drivers). Eight regression equations were developed and validated. The findings will provide valuable insights for policymakers, facilitating the development of effective policies and strategies to enhance highway safety and reduce fatalities.
Multidecadal trends in brown trout populations in France reveal a decline in adult abundance concomitant with environmental changes
Authors: Tissot Laurence , Gouraud Véronique , Poulet Nicolas , Capra Hervé , Cattanéo Franck , Maire Anthony
Published: October 2024

Most studies of brown trout ( Salmo trutta) populations in headwater streams have focused on the year-to-year variability in recruitment and survival, but only few analyzed long-term trends in trout densities, under both control and regulated flow conditions. Here, we conducted trend analyses of brown trout age class densities on 36 stream reaches over the 1990–2020 period, including reaches located in a bypassed section. We also investigated long-term trends in a panel of key environmental variables (water temperature, stream flow, current velocity, and habitat suitability). We found that annual water temperatures significantly increased by a median of +0.21 °C per decade. Analyses of stream flow revealed only a few significant trends, including a general increase in median values in spring and a general decrease in fall. A significant general decline in adult trout densities was observed, although disparities between geographic areas were highlighted. This decline is likely due to multifactorial effects, including possible interacting factors. Our results highlight the need to maintain and extend long-term monitoring of trout populations, which should be combined with extensive environmental monitoring.
Influence of field mass and acceleration on entanglement generation
Authors: Pan Yongjie , Yan Jiatong , Yang Sansheng , Zhang Baocheng
Published: October 2024

We explore the entanglement dynamics of two detectors undergoing uniform acceleration and circular motion within a massive scalar field, while also investigating the influence of the anti-Unruh effect on entanglement harvesting. Contrary to the conventional understanding of the weak anti-Unruh effect, where entanglement typically increases, we observe that the maximum entanglement between detectors does not exhibit a strict monotonic dependence on detector acceleration. Particularly at low accelerations, fluctuations in the entanglement maxima show a strong correlation with fluctuations in detector transition rates. We also find that the maximum entanglement of detectors tends to increase with smaller field mass. Novelly, our findings indicate the absence of a strong anti-Unruh effect in (3+1)-dimensional massive scalar fields. Instead, thermal effects arising from acceleration contribute to a decrease in the detector entanglement maximum.
Anomaly Detection Using Complete Cycle Consistent Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Dehghanian Zahra , Saravani Saeed , Amirmazlaghani Maryam , Rahmati Mohamad
Published: October 2024

This research presents a robust adversarial method for anomaly detection in real-world scenarios, leveraging the power of generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) through cycle consistency in reconstruction error. Traditional approaches often falter due to high variance in class-wise accuracy, rendering them ineffective across different anomaly types. Our proposed model addresses these challenges by introducing an innovative flow of information in the training procedure and integrating it as a new discriminator into the framework, thereby optimizing the training dynamics. Furthermore, it employs a supplementary distribution in the input space to steer reconstructions toward the normal data distribution. This adjustment distinctly isolates anomalous instances and enhances detection precision. Also, two unique anomaly scoring mechanisms were developed to augment detection capabilities. Comprehensive evaluations on six varied datasets have confirmed that our model outperforms one-class anomaly detection benchmarks. The implementation is openly accessible to the academic community, available on Github. a
Automatic control technology of mechanical equipment based on microelectronic sensing signal control
Authors: Yang Yongjie
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to implement a master-slave control system for hand virtual-real interaction, which can capture the position, direction and finger joint angle of the user’s hand in real-time. After being analyzed, the original mot analyzed goes through limiting and removing joggle procedures, integrating the complementary filter algorithm and obtaining a drive database based on the Kalman filter algorithm. The data is used to drive the virtual hand to interact with the virtual environment, with the Roll, Pitch and Yaw being [Formula: see text]0.1∘, [Formula: see text]0.15∘, [Formula: see text]0.15∘, respectively.

These data prove that the data processing algorithm is compatible with the system hardware platform regarding accuracy and noise reduction. In the process of building the virtual model, under the premise of satisfying a certain number of meshes, the texture mapping of the hand model not only satisfies the fidelity of the virtual hand model but also makes the model less complex and interactive. This helped solve the fragile joint connection problem when the finger was bent. In the subsequent interaction experiment, the system was tested with static gestures and dynamic grasping, and the experimental data and interaction effect showed that the system had good interactivity and stability.
An effective logarithm-degree resource allocation strategy for three-layer networks
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Zhang Shaowei , Wang Siyu , Zhang Xiuqing
Published: October 2024

Conventional resource allocation strategies, such as the Simplest Average (SA) resource allocation strategy, often assume identical transmission capacity for all nodes, failing to account for the actual importance of nodes within the network, especially in three-layer networks where inadequate resource allocation to hub nodes can significantly impact performance. Existing methods are primarily designed for single-layer networks and struggle to address the complexity and interdependencies of real-world multi-layer structures, thus limiting the optimization of network traffic capacity. This paper proposes an Effective Logarithm-Degree (EL) resource allocation strategy that allocates node delivery capacity based on the ratio of the logarithmic degrees of nodes across the logical and physical layers. Compared to the Simplest Average resource allocation strategy, the Effective Logarithm-Degree strategy significantly enhances network traffic capacity, increasing it by over 1.4 times and reducing traffic load by 60%, while also optimizing the load balance. Simulation results validate the superiority of the Effective Logarithm-Degree strategy in improving performance and resource utilization efficiency in three-layer network environments.
Evaluation of the bilinear condensate of the planar Thirring model in the strongly coupled region
Authors: Worthy Jude , Hands Simon
Published: October 2024

The planar Thirring model is thought to have a strongly coupled critical point for a single flavor of fermion. We look at the calculation of the bilinear condensate in this critical region, and its characterization via an equation of state. Since the computation is numerically challenging, we investigate the improved Dirac operators. We present findings on different methods of calculation using a rational hybrid Monte-Carlo scheme, and calculations of the bilinear condensate, an equation of state and the associated critical exponents. Overlap and domain wall Dirac operators, and variants therein are considered.
Multi-objective unmanned vehicle path planning based on whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Zong Xinlu , Xia Xue , Chen Zexi
Published: October 2024

Path planning is an important part of the research field of mobile robots. How to plan more suitable paths more quickly has become a challenging optimization problem that requires consideration of several constraints and performance metrics. Given the multitude of optimization objectives and the intricate nature of addressing the static path planning problem, it is usually converted into a single-objective optimization problem. However, this approach would lead to the algorithm being unable to thoroughly explore the solution space. To address this problem, a nondominated sorting whale optimization algorithm based on crowding degree and memory (NSWOACDM) is presented and applied to unmanned vehicle path planning in this paper. Both the length and curvature of path are optimized simultaneously. Experimental results on benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm is more effective compared with other traditional multi-objective algorithms. The effects of different control points on the optimization results are analyzed through path planning experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the NSWOACDM algorithm exhibits superior performance in comparison to similar algorithms. Furthermore, it is capable of identifying several viable paths within a reduced timeframe in the context of the multi-objective path planning issue.
THE DYNAMIC ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN MODERATING ESG PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CHINESE A-SHARE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: REN CHUNYA , TING IRENE WEI KIONG , KWEH QIAN LONG , LE HANH THI MY
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the effects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) on financial performance and the moderating effect of intellectual capital (IC) on the relationship between ESG and financial performance. The study performs panel data analysis on data collected from 2,956 manufacturing companies listed on the A-share index of the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges from 2018 to 2021. Regression results indicate that ESG and management initiatives in implementing ESG have a significant and negative impact on financial performance, whereas the management initiative to control controversial events exerts a significant and positive impact. Investing in ESG and IC at the same time without proper resource allocation will exacerbate the increase in costs and thus reduce financial performance. Companies in the manufacturing sector should therefore consider the challenges and opportunities related to ESG and IC investments. Regulatory frameworks may encourage these companies to align their sustainability and IC strategies, which involve upfront costs. This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between ESG and financial performance by considering IC as moderator in the context of Chinese manufacturing companies.
Status of laser spectroscopy measurements of long-lived antiprotonic and pionic helium atoms at CERN and PSI
Authors: Hori Masaki
Published: October 2024

The results of laser spectroscopy experiments of antiprotonic helium atoms carried out at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN, and pionic helium atoms measured at the 590[Formula: see text]MeV ring cyclotron facility of the Paul Scherrer Institute are reviewed. The former experiment determined the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio as [Formula: see text]. In the latter, a resonant transition [Formula: see text] of pionic helium at a frequency of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GHz was detected. Some future perspectives are briefly described.
On the Carrollian nature of the light front
Authors: Majumdar Sucheta
Published: October 2024

Motivated by recent advances in non-Lorentzian physics, we revisit the light-cone formulation of quantum field theories. We discuss some interesting subalgebras within the light-cone Poincaré algebra, with a key emphasis on the Carroll, Bargmann and Galilean kinds. We show that theories on the light front possess a Hamiltonian of the magnetic Carroll type, thereby proposing a straightforward method for deriving magnetic Carroll Hamiltonian actions from Lorentzian field theories.
LEF-groups and computability of reversible endomorphisms of symbolic varieties
Authors: Phung Xuan Kien
Published: October 2024

Fix a group G and let X be an algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero. We investigate the invertibility of algebraic cellular automata, namely, G-equivariant uniformly continuous self-maps [Formula: see text] whose local defining maps are induced by morphisms of algebraic varieties [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a finite memory set. When G is locally embeddable into finite groups (LEF), we show that the inverses of reversible algebraic cellular automata are automatically algebraic cellular automata and thus computable in polynomial time. Generalizations are also obtained for finite product Hopfian pointed object alphabets in concrete categories. Moreover, we prove that for algebraic cellular automata, the notions of reversibility and injectivity are equivalent whenever G is surjunctive and the field k is, additionally, uncountable of arbitrary characteristic.
Lescop invariants of both the Brieskorn–Hamm manifolds and 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries on knots
Authors: Tsutsumi Yasuyoshi
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be pairwise coprime with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let the Brieskorn–Hamm manifold be a homology lens space and the order its the first homology group is [Formula: see text]. We classify the Brieskorn–Hamm manifold and the resulting [Formula: see text]-manifold of [Formula: see text]-surgery along a knot [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] by using the Lescop invariant.
Higher dimensional chain conditions
Authors: Todorcevic Stevo , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2024

We investigate higher dimensional chain conditions, where the largeness notion is given by Fubini products of a given ideal. From strong saturation properties of an ideal, we derive abstractly versions of higher dimensional [Formula: see text]-system lemma, which imply many posets, including any finite support iteration of [Formula: see text]-centered posets and measure algebras, satisfy the higher dimensional chain conditions. We then show that if a poset satisfies a strengthening of the [Formula: see text]-finite chain condition by Horn and Tarski, then it satisfies higher dimensional chain conditions. As an application, we derive Ramsey-theoretic consequences, namely various partition hypotheses as studied by Bannister, Bergfalk, Moore and Todorcevic, from the existence of ideals satisfying strong chain conditions.
A Methodology for Detecting Loss of Support Under PCC Pavement Based on Real-Time Structural Acceleration Response
Authors: Yan Chuang , Wei Ya
Published: October 2024

Loss of support is a concealed distress in PCC pavements, weakening the support condition under PCC slabs and causing other distresses such as cracks, which accelerate the pavement deterioration. Currently, the traditional loss of support detection method uses the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to obtain maximum deflection response, which requires traffic closure and makes it impossible to conduct real-time monitoring. To realize real-time dynamic health monitoring of PCC pavement, this study proposes a methodology for detecting loss of support under PCC pavement based on real-time structural acceleration response. Specifically, this study constructed PCC pavements without loss of support, with loss of support at the slab edge, and with loss of support at the slab center. The slab corner and center were loaded and monitored, where loss of support easily occurs. Acceleration signals were collected using self-developed MEMS acceleration sensors suitable for monitoring PCC pavements. Analysis of the time-domain signals and frequency spectrums shows that both the maximum acceleration response and the main frequency at the loss of support region would significantly increase when the loss of support region is loaded. Two critical values are proposed, including the amplitude ratio of acceleration signals at the slab corner and center [Formula: see text] and the ratio of signal energy within the high-frequency range to that within the low-frequency range (ER). The results indicate that by deploying sensors at the slab corner and center, the loss of support condition can be evaluated based on [Formula: see text] and ER when the slab corner is loaded. Compared to traditional deflection detection methods, the proposed methodology offers a better integral structural monitoring for detecting loss of support. The findings can be used for future detection of support loss under PCC pavements subjected to traffic load, enabling real-time monitoring and maintenance guidance for PCC pavements that have been open to traffic.
Analysis of Honeycomb Structure for Vibration Damping of Integrated Water Tanks
Authors: Dong Fei , Zhuo Kongjie , Hu Wei , Cao Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

This paper provides an in-depth discussion of the vibration and noise problems of integrated water tanks in new energy vehicles, which are directly related to the safety and ride comfort of the vehicle. In order to deeply understand the vibration mechanism of the water tank and evaluate the damping effect of different structures, this paper determines the frequency response excitation source of the water tank through experiments, and simulates the finite element model of the water tank using software. Through finite element analysis and modal analysis, the paper studied the vibration characteristics of the water tank in detail and compared the effect of different structures on the vibration-damping effect. This paper focuses on analyzing the effects of honeycomb structure size parameters (height, wall thickness, and side length) on the vibration of the water tank. The results show that there are modal differences between the tank with coolant and the cavity tank, and these differences lead to changes in the modal vibration pattern of the whole tank. Harmonic response analysis revealed that the displacement of the right wall was as high as [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and the vibration acceleration reached 0.37[Formula: see text]m/s2, both of which were the maximum values observed. Therefore, the right wall surface was identified as the critical region for vibration optimization. The honeycomb structure has more prominent advantages in vibration damping. Univariate analysis of the honeycomb structure concluded that an increase in the honeycomb height significantly increased the structural stiffness and effectively reduced the amplitude of vibration, with the damping effect particularly pronounced when the height exceeded 8[Formula: see text]mm.
Nonlinear Vibrations of Fiber-Metal Laminates Thin Plates Considering Both Geometric and Material Nonlinearity: Theoretical and Experimental
Authors: Xu Zhuo , Chu Chen , Li Hui , Gu Da-Wei , Sun Xian-Chao , Hu Chang-Cheng , Li He , Han Qing-Kai , Wen Bang-Chun
Published: October 2024

With the widespread application of fiber-metal laminates in various aerospace fields and the inherent presence of both material and geometric nonlinearities in composites, the prediction of nonlinear vibration characteristics of these structures holds particular importance. This study, based on the Jones–Nelson–Hui and von Kármán theories, utilizes the energy method and the orthogonal polynomial method to solve the differential equations and iteratively obtain the nonlinear natural frequencies and responses. Additionally, the complex modulus method is employed to calculate the nonlinear modal damping ratios. Experimental validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model, with a frequency error of less than 3.7%, a response error of less than 15.4%, and a damping error of less than 11.5% when compared with experimental results. Finally, the influence of elastic modulus, thickness, and ply configuration on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the structure is investigated. The discussion reveals that titanium reduces vibrations but should not be too thick, while fiber thickness can be appropriately increased.
Machine Learning, Analytical, and Numerical Techniques for Vibration Analysis of Submerged Porous Functional Gradient Piezoelectric Microbeams with Movable Supports
Authors: Ebrahimi-Mamaghani Ali , Koochakianfard Omid , Rafiei Masoud , Alibeigloo Akbar , Dizaji Aslan Satary , Borjalilou Vahid
Published: October 2024

This research numerically and analytically examines the dynamics of underwater movable porous functional gradient (FG) microsize beams integrated with a piezoelectric layer. Also, the efficiency and accuracy of support vector machine (SVM) techniques in the vibration prediction of the microbeam are assessed. The dynamical simulation is conducted by considering the assumptions of Rayleigh beam theory, different porosity distribution models, nonlinear and linear stress–temperature relationships, and modified couple stress theory (MCST). The eigenvalues of the system, critical temperature increment, and critical speed of the microbeam are computed. Comparative studies are carried out, frequency analyses are performed, and stability diagrams are drawn. The impacts of microbeam geometry, fluid mass ratio, piezoelectric voltage, and axial force on stability behavior in variable complex environmental conditions are parametrically inspected. The outcomes revealed that the smaller the contribution of voids on the outer surface of the microbeam, the better the microbeam stability. It is understood that among the utilized regression-based SVMs, the quadratic polynomial and medium Gaussian kernel models have the highest performance and speed, respectively. These research outcomes will be advantageous for designing the next generation of targeted drug delivery devices.
Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis for Spinning Circular Solar Sail Considering Periodically Time-Varying Characteristics
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhang Zexu , Jia Zhibo , Fan Wei , Ren Hui
Published: October 2024

The spinning circular solar sail is a promising spacecraft for long-duration missions. This work reveals its structural dynamic and stability behavior under the periodically time-varying solar radiation pressure and gravitational force. The geometric stiffness generated by the centrifugal force due to spinning and the coupling effect between the deformation and solar radiation pressure are taken into account. The von Kármán plate theory is adopted by neglecting the high-frequency in-plane vibrations and considering the effect of the in-plane internal force on the transverse vibration. The partial differential equation of the spinning solar sail is derived and further spatially discretized into periodically time-varying equations of motion. Effects of Poisson ratio and radius ratio on natural frequencies and mode shapes are analyzed, and curve veering phenomena are then observed. Steady-state periodic responses of the solar sail under the solar radiation pressure with different orbit distances, incident angles, and spinning angular velocities are analyzed. The stability analysis is rigorously performed by the Floquet theory rather than the commonly used approach of conducting the eigenvalue analysis at a series of specific discrete time nodes. Moreover, the stability boundary associated with transverse vibrations is determined, which contributes to the parameter design of the spinning solar sail.
Exploring Different Temperature Definitions for an Athermal Tracer in an Active Bath: Out-of-Equilibrium Effects and Mass Dependence
Authors: Semeraro Massimiliano , Suma Antonio , Gonnella Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The notion of temperature in out-of-equilibrium systems is still elusive. Here, we explore three different temperature definitions for an athermal tracer immersed in a out-of-equilibrium bath of active Brownian particles, with which it interacts solely through collisions. Temperatures are, respectively, defined from velocity fluctuations, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and a heat fluctuation theorem, and we find their values to increase with the tracer’s mass following sigmoidal trends, the first two sharing similar values, the one defined from the fluctuation theorem showing lower ones. Notably, these trends are reminiscent of the trend of the kinetic temperature of a single free active particle as function of its mass. Using thus the latter as fit functional form, we interpret the tracer as effectively behaving like a single free active particle with the same mass but lower persistence time or activity amplitude.
Quantum-like model on multiple lotteries selection
Authors: Feng Changchun , Chen Lin , Zhang Junhuan , Wen Jiaqi , Ji Chenze
Published: October 2024

This study proposes an agent-based quantum-like model to investigate the individual selection among three or more lotteries while incorporating the decision-making risk and uncertainty. We extend the classical expected utility functions with quantum probabilities and construct the compound belief state to compare one specific lottery belief state against others. The involved decision-making process is represented formally by the comparison operator, which can be decomposed into a few subprocesses. We give an example of individual lottery selection from three lotteries to illustrate the model. Finally, we propose ways to select from more than three lotteries.
A Fast Cell-Smoothed Finite Element Method for Solving Static–Dynamic Problems Using a Hybrid Quadtree Mesh
Authors: Yan Mingjiao , Yang Yang , Su Chao , Zhang Zongliang , Duan Qingsong , Luo Junyao , Xiong Guozhu , Luo Tianfu
Published: October 2024

We present a fast cell-smoothed finite element method (CSFEM) that integrates hybrid quadtree mesh and polygonal techniques to solve static and dynamic problems, addressing the hanging node problem by constructing CSFEM polygons. In our method, we introduce acceleration technology based on the parent element to enhance computational efficiency. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach are validated by solving several benchmark static and dynamic problems. Numerical results show that the hybrid quadtree mesh achieves high-precision surface representation while reducing the computational cost through mesh slicing. Compared with conventional finite element methods, our proposed CSFEM achieved superior efficiency and precision, offering a robust and automated solution for static–dynamic engineering challenges by using elements of arbitrary shapes, which grants CSFEM greater flexibility. The results demonstrated that this method was particularly advantageous for applications that require detailed geometric approximation and efficient computation, which could make it valuable for static–dynamic analysis.
Study on Fatigue Performance and Dislocation Evolution Mechanism of Nanoscale Nickel-Based Superalloys in Cryogenic Conditions
Authors: Zhang Ping , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhang Tengfei , Yu Yan , Lan Changyin
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the fatigue performance and dislocation evolution mechanisms of nanoscale nickel-based superalloys at cryogenic temperatures. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, we examined how grain number, strain amplitude and the number of cycles affect the fatigue behavior of these alloys. Shear strain contour maps and atomic structure evolution maps were employed to conduct a quantitative analysis of the fatigue process at 77[Formula: see text]K, considering various grain numbers (ranging from 100 to 300) and strain amplitudes (spanning from 50[Formula: see text]Å to 100[Formula: see text]Å). The findings reveal that an increase in grain number reduces the range of shear strain concentration, with the concentrated regions extending from the sample notch to the sides. Larger strain amplitudes and more cycles amplify the range and degree of strain concentration and promote the extension of strain-concentrated areas toward the sides. Additionally, increased strain amplitude results in a higher proportion of BCC atoms, while FCC atoms remain the dominant structure. The grain number significantly influences dislocation evolution maps; with grain numbers exceeding 150, there is an increase in the formation of dislocation walls and loops, and a reduction in dislocation numbers in the notch area. Furthermore, as the strain amplitude increases, there is a decreasing trend in the total dislocation count, while the length of [Formula: see text] (Perfect) dislocations increases significantly. The maximum density of [Formula: see text] (Shockley) dislocations for a grain number of 250 is substantially higher than that for other grain numbers, about 1.55 times greater than the density for a grain number of 300.
Vertex-edge domination dot critical graphs
Authors: Meddah Nacéra , Chellali Mustapha
Published: October 2024

A vertex [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] ve-dominates every edge incident to [Formula: see text] as well as every edge adjacent to these incident edges. A set [Formula: see text] is a vertex-edge dominating set (ved-set) if every edge of [Formula: see text] is ve-dominated by at least one vertex in [Formula: see text] The ve-domination number is the minimum cardinality of a ved-set of [Formula: see text]. We first show that the contraction of any edge of a graph [Formula: see text] can decrease the ve-domination number of [Formula: see text] by at most one. Then we mainly provide a constructive characterization of ve-dot-critical trees, that is, the trees whose ve-domination number decreases by the contraction of any edge.
Time-fractional effects in a frictionless contact problem with a history-dependent operator
Authors: Bouallala Mustapha
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate a novel model problem involving a viscoelastic, frictionless contact model characterized by history-dependent operators. The constitutive relation is formulated based on a time-fractional Kelvin–Voigt model. We represent the contact by incorporating normal compliance within the framework of a time-fractional derivative. In addressing the contact problem, we begin by formulating its weakness and subsequently verify the existence of a solution within this framework. Finally, we study the solution’s behavior concerning the integral term and its relation to the solution, while also presenting convergence results.
Perfect double Italian and double Italian domination on Sierpiński graphs
Authors: Baby Nathasha , Ramachandran Pramada
Published: October 2024

For a given graph [Formula: see text], a Roman [Formula: see text]-dominating function or double Italian dominating function (abbreviated DIDF) is a function [Formula: see text] which satisfies the following condition: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The weight of a Roman [Formula: see text]-dominating function or double Italian dominating function is the sum [Formula: see text] and the minimum weight of a Roman [Formula: see text]-dominating function [Formula: see text] is the Roman [Formula: see text]-domination number or double Italian domination number, denoted by [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. A perfect double Italian dominating function (abbreviated PDIDF) is a double Italian dominating function such that if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of vertices adjacent to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The minimum weight of a perfect double Italian dominating function on [Formula: see text] is the perfect double Italian domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find that [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is generalized Sierpiński graph. A comparison between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is assessed. Further [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is found when [Formula: see text] is a graph with a single universal vertex and when [Formula: see text] is a graph having at least two universal vertices. We have examined a class of graphs for which [Formula: see text], provided [Formula: see text] has a single universal vertex.
Potential of Mangifera Indica as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor Against Different Metals: A Review
Authors: Vaishnav Poonam , Naik Unnati J. , Kaurav Netram
Published: October 2024

Mangifera indica (MIn, commonly known as “mango”), is a most widely cultivated flowering plant species in the family Anacardiaceae capable of growing to a height of 30 meters (100 feet). Being rich in nutritional value and phytochemical constituents, it is known for its tremendous chemical and biological actions. As a contribution to the current interest in green corrosion inhibitors, this review aims at broadening the application of MIn extracts for metallic corrosion inhibition by investigating the inhibiting properties of MIn on various metals of day-to-day importance. The adsorption isotherm studies, chemical composition of MIn, effect of temperature on inhibition efficiency and computational analysis related to MIL adsorption on metals have also been discussed in detail. This work will further help in the understanding of the adsorption mechanism involved. The overarching objective is to provide researchers with a concise but comprehensive knowledge base of MIn as a green corrosion inhibitor.
Automated Electrophoretic Deposition Module Design and Ca-Coated A7075 Corrosion Study
Authors: Çiçek Bünyamin , Aydoğmuş Tuna , Şevik Seyfi
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the installation and operation of an automated electrophoretic deposition (EPD) unit for applying Ca coatings on aluminum alloy parts, with a focus on optimizing electrode distance and deposition parameters. The dynamic adjustment of the anode–cathode distance during the process was crucial in influencing the uniformity and adhesion of the Ca coating. The electrolyte solution consisted of 50% acetone, 50% distilled water and 5[Formula: see text]g/500[Formula: see text]ml of pure Ca. The average thickness of the Ca coating was approximately 180 microns. Immersion corrosion tests revealed that after a 48[Formula: see text]h period, the coated sample lost 0.5[Formula: see text]g of weight, while the uncoated sample lost 1.1[Formula: see text]g. These findings demonstrate that the thickness and uniformity of the Ca coating significantly influence its protective properties. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the optimization of EPD parameters and the role of Ca coatings in enhancing corrosion resistance in industrial applications.
Pseudo-random number generation with β-encoders
Authors: Kalle Charlene , Verbitskiy Evgeny , Zeegers Benthen
Published: October 2024

The [Formula: see text]-encoder is an analog circuit that converts an input signal [Formula: see text] into a finite bit stream [Formula: see text]. The bits [Formula: see text] are correlated and therefore are not immediately suitable for random number generation, but they can be used to generate bits [Formula: see text] that are (nearly) uniformly distributed. In this paper, we study two such methods. In the first part the bits [Formula: see text] are defined as the digits of the base-2 representation of the original input x. Under the assumption that there is no noise in the amplifier we then study a question posed by Jitsumatsu and Matsumura on how many bits [Formula: see text] are needed to correctly determine the first n bits [Formula: see text]. In the second part, we show this method fails for random amplification factors. Nevertheless, even in this case, nearly uniformly distributed bits can still be generated from [Formula: see text] using modern cryptographic techniques.
KEYS TO HAPPINESS: EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors: MOHSEN AHSANULLAH , GHAFARI SAIMA , SAYEDI RAFIA , IVASCU LARISA
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this research is to analyze the determinants of job satisfaction among teachers in private schools in Afghanistan. This study utilizes the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) as its foundational framework. The investigated factors include achievement, recognition, advancement, compensation, working conditions, job security, and coworker relationships. Furthermore, job satisfaction is considered a latent variable. Data were gathered through a thoroughly structured and randomly distributed questionnaire, which included demographic information (age, gender, education, and work experience) as well as inquiries related to the research variables. The sample consisted of 206 respondents drawn from the target population. The collected data are tested for reliability and consistency before further analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed to assess the data and derive conclusions. The findings reveal that all the examined factors significantly contribute to job satisfaction in the studied private schools. This study has theoretical implications due to the fact that the findings are achieved through accepted scientific research methods. In addition to that, it has practical implications as well, because the managers in educational institutions and other related stakeholders can make informed decisions based on the findings of this study.
Pitfalls in Machine Learning for Computer Security
Authors: Arp Daniel , Quiring Erwin , Pendlebury Feargus , Warnecke Alexander , Pierazzi Fabio , Wressnegger Christian , Cavallaro Lorenzo , Rieck Konrad
Published: October 2024

With the growing processing power of computing systems and the increasing availability of massive datasets, machine learning algorithms have led to major breakthroughs in many different areas. This development has influenced computer security, spawning a series of work on learning-based security systems, such as for malware detection, vulnerability discovery, and binary code analysis. Despite great potential, machine learning in security is prone to subtle pitfalls that undermine its performance and render learning-based systems potentially unsuitable for security tasks and practical deployment.

In this paper, we look at this problem with critical eyes. First, we identify common pitfalls in the design, implementation, and evaluation of learning-based security systems. We conduct a study of 30 papers from top-tier security conferences within the past 10 years, confirming that these pitfalls are widespread in the current security literature. In an empirical analysis, we further demonstrate how individual pitfalls can lead to unrealistic performance and interpretations, obstructing the understanding of the security problem at hand. As a remedy, we propose actionable recommendations to support researchers in avoiding or mitigating the pitfalls where possible. Furthermore, we identify open problems when applying machine learning in security and provide directions for further research.
A Whimsical Odyssey Through the Maze of Scholarly Reviews
Authors: Sankaralingam Karu
Published: October 2024

Navigating the often-bumpy road of academic review.
Looking Within
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: October 2024

Amanda Randles on how modeling blood flows inside the human body can save, and improve, lives.
Towards Effective, Robust and Utility-preserving Watermarking of GPS Trajectories
Authors: Dadwal Rajjat , Funke Thorben , Nüsken Michael , Demidova Elena
Published: October 2024

Personal GPS trajectory is essential for businesses and emerging data markets due to its relevance in various data-driven methods, including traffic forecasting, accident prediction, and profiling driving behavior. Watermarking is a method that facilitates verification of data ownership and authenticity by embedding provenance information into the data. Whereas watermarking is commonly adopted in the image and audio domains, only a few initial watermarking methods exist for GPS trajectory data. GPS trajectory watermarking is particularly challenging due to the spatio-temporal data properties and easiness of data modification. As a result, existing watermarking methods often embed only minimal provenance information, lack robustness, and can fail to preserve data utility for downstream applications. In this work, we propose
W-Trace
- a novel, effective, robust, and utility-preserving GPS trajectory watermarking method.
W-Trace
transforms a GPS trajectory into a complex domain and applies the Fourier transformation to decompose the trajectory into the frequency representation.
W-Trace
embeds watermarks in the frequency representation and verifies them in a spatiotemporally-aware procedure. We demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and utility of the proposed
W-Trace
approach in realistic settings using real-world GPS trajectory datasets. In contrast to the baselines, the proposed
W-Trace
approach is robust to a wide range of trajectory modifications while preserving the GPS trajectory characteristics required for the downstream applications.