bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequential Amniotic Fluid Thyroid Hormone Changes Correlate with Goiter Shrinkage following in utero Thyroxine Therapy
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Kessler Alan A. , Felig Philip , Curtis Jenifer , Evans Mark I.
Published: August 2015

Several isolated reports of fetal goiter treatment have shown limited generalizability of approaches and provide no real guidance for optimal timing, dosages, and treatment strategies. Graves' disease accounts for >60% of these cases. Maternal treatments of hyperthyroidism include antithyroid medications such as methimazole and more commonly propylthiouracil (PTU). Here, our management of a patient with a fetal thyroid goiter from maternal exposure to PTU diagnosed at 23.6 weeks' gestation and the management of other cases allow us propose a general strategy for treatment. Intrauterine therapy with 200 and then 400 μg of levothyroxine (3 weeks apart) showed an 85% reduction in fetal thyroid goiter volume. We collected amniotic fluid samples at the time of treatments and assayed thyroid hormones and associated antibodies which closely reflected the changes in thyroid goiter mass volume. Our observations suggest a weekly or biweekly therapeutic intervention schedule. Utilizing both goiter size as well as a novel approach in using amniotic fluid hormone levels to monitor therapy efficacy might improve the quality of treatments. Only with a standardized approach and collection of amniotic fluid thyroid panels do we have the opportunity to develop the database required to determine the number and timing of treatments needed.
Ten-Year Trends (2000-2010) of Overweight and Obesity Prevalence among the Young and Middle-Aged Adult Population of the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean Region
Authors: Coll Josep L. , Bibiloni Maria del Mar , Salas Rogelio , Tur Josep A.
Published: August 2015

Background and Aims: This article aimed at assessing the 10-year trends (2000-2010) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Balearic Islands' adult population. Methods: Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) for young (18-35 year-olds) and middle-aged (36-55 year-olds) adults living in the Balearics was calculated. Data represented 1,089 people during 1999-2000 and 1,081 people during 2009-2010. The BMI categories were as follows: normal weight (18.5 < 25), overweight (25.0 < 30) and obese (≥30). Results: Weighted frequency estimates and logistic regression analysis were used to calculate overweight and obesity trends. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity mostly remained stable over the 2000-2010 period, the prevalence of obesity increased from 5.1 to 8.3% in young adults (aged 18-35), a 1.66-fold increase in prevalence (95% CI 1.02-2.70) over the study period. Conclusions: Total overweight and obesity prevalence remained stable in the Balearic adult population; however, a rising prevalence of obesity has been observed in young adults, which suggests a need to develop and change current strategies in order to reverse the current trends in obesity among this age group.
One-Year Progression of Diabetic Subclinical Macular Edema in Eyes with Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Location of the Increase in Retinal Thickness
Authors: Tejerina Amparo Navea , Vujosevic Stela , Varano Monica , Egan Catherine , Sivaprasad Sobha , Menon Geeta , Massin Pascale , Verbraak Frank D. , Lund-Andersen Henrik , Martinez Jose P. , Jurgens Ignasi , Smets Erica , Coriat Caroline , Wiedemann Peter , Ágoas Vitor , Querques Giuseppe , Holz Frank G. , Nunes Sandrina , Alves Dalila , Neves Catarina , Santos Torcato , Ribeiro Luisa , Bandello Francesco , Cunha-Vaz José ,   for EVICR.net
Published: August 2015

Purpose: To characterize the 1-year progression of retinal thickness (RT) increase occurring in eyes with subclinical macular edema in type 2 diabetes. Methods: Forty-eight type 2 diabetic eyes/patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR; levels 20 and 35 in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) classified as presenting subclinical macular edema at baseline completed the 1-year follow-up period, from a sample of 194 followed in a 12-month observational and prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01145599). Automated segmentation of the retinal layers in these eyes was performed, followed by verification and correction by a human grader. Results: The highest increase in RT over the 1-year follow-up period for the 48 eyes/patients with subclinical macular edema was found in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Progression to clinical macular edema was also associated with increased thickening of other retinal layers aside from the INL. The microvascular disease activity shown by microaneurysm (MA) turnover ≥6 was associated with progression from subclinical to clinical macular edema. Conclusions: Increases in RT occurring over a period of 1 year in diabetic eyes with mild NPDR and subclinical macular edema occur mainly in the INL. The development of clinical macular edema appears to be associated with increased thickening of other retinal layers and microvascular disease activity.
Role of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 2 Ala54Thr Genotype on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors after a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet during 9 Months
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , Izaola Olatz , de la Fuente Beatriz , Primo David , Romero Enrique
Published: August 2015

Background: It has been found that the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene mRNA is under dietary control. The polymorphism Ala54Thr of this protein was associated with high insulin resistance. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism on metabolic response, weight loss and serum adipokine levels secondary to high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. standard hypocaloric diets during 9 months. Design: A population of 193 obese subjects was analyzed in a randomized trial. A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 9-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet HP: high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. diet S: standard diet). Results: With both diets and in both genotype groups, body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and leptin levels decreased. With both diets and only in wild genotype (diet HP vs. diet S), glucose (-6.2 ± 2.1 vs. -4.9 ± 2.0 mg/dl; p < 0.05), insulin levels (-5.0 ± 3.9 vs. -2.0 ± 2.1 UI/l; p < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) (-1.1 ± 0.9 vs. -0.7 ± 1.0 units; p < 0.05) decreased. The improvement in these parameters was higher with diet HP than HS. With both diets and only in the wild genotype, total cholesterol and LDL-total cholesterol levels decreased. Conclusion: Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different metabolic response after weight loss than wild type non-A carriers obese, with a lack of decrease of LDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-R.
Platelet activation is less enhanced in the new balloon expandable Edwards Sapien 3 valve compared to its predecessor model (Edwards Sapien XT)
Authors: Voesch Sabrina , Htun Patrik , Jorbenadze Rezo , Geisler Tobias , Gawaz Meinrad , Bocksch Wolfgang , Fateh-Moghadam Suzanne
Published: August 2015

Stroke and thromboembolic events after transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) continue to be a problem. The aim of our study was to compare platelet aggregation (Agg) and platelet activation (PA) observed with two different catheter valves, the ESV-XT and the newer ESV-3 valve in patients (pts) undergoing TAVR on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A total of 174 patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk successfully underwent TAVR (60 ESV-XT; 114 ESV-3). Platelet Agg and PA (CD62P expression) were evaluated before and the following three days after TAVR under DAPT. Platelet Agg was inhibited to the same extent in both valve types and there was no significant difference in platelet drop between both valve types between day 0 and day 3 [ESV-XT vs ESV-3: median (25th-75th percentile): platelet count (x1000): 55 (42–74) vs 61(42–93), p=0.280]. However, there was an enhanced CD62P expression directly after TAVR with the ESV-XT compared to the ESV-3 [CD62P (MIF): 7.4 (6.8–8.6) vs 6.6 (6–7.9), p=0.014]. Surface expression of platelet CD62P was associated with the occurrence of residual aortic regurgitation (AR) and was significantly higher in patients with residual AR [CD62P (mild AR) vs CD 62P (no or trace AR): 7.9 (7.3–9.1) vs 7.1 (6.4–8.0), p < 0.001)]. PA was significantly enhanced in patients with the ESV-XT compared to the ESV-3 valve and was associated with the amount of residual AR which was significantly reduced by ESV-3. This may have implications for thromboembolic events following TAVR procedure
AVALIAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PROJETO EM REFORMAS DE EDIFICAÇÕES DE UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Andery Paulo Roberto , Starling Cícero , Martins Rute
Published: August 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre o processo de projeto em obras de readequação de edificações universitárias em uma instituição  pública. Utilizou-se o método de estudos de caso múltiplos. Como fontes de evidências destacam-se a análise de documentos e projetos, a observação direta de rotinas de trabalho e entrevistas com os agentes envolvidos no processo de projeto. Três empreendimentos foram estudados, e as principais dificuldades e problemas do processo de projeto são analisados e comparados com estudos recentes com foco em instituições universitárias. Os resultados sugerem que, além dos problemas inerentes aos mecanismos de contratação de projetos de obras públicas, as instituições universitárias têm problemas específicos, associados a mudanças frequentes na estrutura organizacional, o que implica em alteração nos mecanismos de tomada de decisão, mudanças também frequentes no quadro de profissionais envolvidos, forte intervenção dos clientes nos processos de projeto e uma dinâmica de projetos condicionada à obtenção de recursos financeiros. Esses fatores dificultam uma efetiva colaboração voltada a soluções integradas para as etapas de projeto e construção. Esses resultados são similares aos encontrados em outros estudos conduzidos recentemente.                               

 
AVALIAÇÃO PÓS-OCUPAÇÃO: PRÉ-TESTE DE INSTRUMENTOS PARA VERIFICAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE EMPREENDIMENTOS HABITACIONAIS EM SISTEMAS CONSTRUTIVOS INOVADORES
Authors: Ono Rosaria , Ornstein Sheila Walbe , Oliveira Fabiana Lopes de , Galvao Walter José Ferreira
Published: August 2015

Este artigo discute a importância do pré-teste e os resultados da sua aplicação num procedimento para avaliação de desempenho de empreendimentos habitacionais em uso, visando contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a qualidade do ambiente construído e dos sistemas construtivos inovadores especificados dentro de uma visão sistêmica do ciclo de vida útil das edificações.  O procedimento padronizado englobando um conjunto de instrumentos otimizados para avaliação de desempenho, ora proposto, teve como base a metodologia da Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) e os requisitos e critérios da norma brasileira ABNT/NBR 15575:2013.  Ressalta-se que esse conjunto de instrumentos foi concebido para permitir uma avaliação preliminar do atendimento do sistema construtivo inovador de empreendimentos habitacionais aos requisitos de desempenho definidos em normas brasileiras, considerando as suas principais características.  Os instrumentos propostos e pré-testados indicam ser fundamental a participação dos usuários (moradores) na avaliação das habitações em fase de uso, combinada com a aplicação de instrumentos para a avaliação técnica de desempenho realizada por especialistas, como forma de obtenção de insumos essenciais para aprimorar o processo e a gestão visando à garantia da qualidade arquitetônica e construtiva.
MicroRNA-143 Activation Regulates Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cell Crosstalk in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Deng Lin , Blanco Francisco J. , Stevens Hannah , Lu Ruifang , Caudrillier Axelle , McBride Martin , McClure John D. , Grant Jenny , Thomas Matthew , Frid Maria , Stenmark Kurt , White Kevin , Seto Anita G. , Morrell Nicholas W. , Bradshaw Angela C. , MacLean Margaret R. , Baker Andrew H.
Published: August 2015

Rationale:

The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear. The 4 microRNAs representing the miR-143 and miR-145 stem loops are genomically clustered.

Objective:

To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of the miR-143/145 cluster and the role of miR-143 in PAH.

Methods and Results:

We identified the promoter region that regulates miR-143/145 microRNA expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We mapped PAH-related signaling pathways, including estrogen receptor, liver X factor/retinoic X receptor, transforming growth factor-β (Smads), and hypoxia (hypoxia response element), that regulated levels of all pri-miR stem loop transcription and resulting microRNA expression. We observed that miR-143-3p is selectively upregulated compared with miR-143-5p during PASMC migration. Modulation of miR-143 in PASMCs significantly altered cell migration and apoptosis. In addition, we found high abundance of miR-143-3p in PASMC-derived exosomes. Using assays with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, we demonstrated a paracrine promigratory and proangiogenic effect of miR-143-3p–enriched exosomes from PASMC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization showed elevated expression of miR-143 in calf models of PAH and in samples from PAH patients. Moreover, in contrast to our previous findings that had not supported a therapeutic role in vivo, we now demonstrate a protective role of miR-143 in experimental pulmonary hypertension in vivo in miR-143−/− and anti-miR-143-3p–treated mice exposed to chronic hypoxia in both preventative and reversal settings.

Conclusions:

MiR-143-3p modulated both cellular and exosome-mediated responses in pulmonary vascular cells, whereas inhibition of miR-143-3p blocked experimental pulmonary hypertension. Taken together, these findings confirm an important role for the miR-143/145 cluster in PAH pathobiology.
Understanding Emergent Dynamics: Using a Collective Activity Coordinate of a Neural Network to Recognize Time-Varying Patterns
Authors: Hopfield John J.
Published: August 2015

In higher animals, complex and robust behaviors are produced by the microscopic details of large structured ensembles of neurons. I describe how the emergent computational dynamics of a biologically based neural network generates a robust natural solution to the problem of categorizing time-varying stimulus patterns such as spoken words or animal stereotypical behaviors. The recognition of these patterns is made difficult by their substantial variation in cadence and duration. The neural circuit behaviors used are similar to those associated with brain neural integrators. In the larger context described here, this kind of circuit becomes a building block of an entirely different computational algorithm for solving complex problems. While the network behavior is simulated in detail, a collective view is essential to understanding the results. A closed equation of motion for the collective variable describes an algorithm that quantitatively accounts for many aspects of the emergent network computation. The feedback connections and ongoing activity in the network shape the collective dynamics onto a reduced dimensionality manifold of activity space, which defines the algorithm and computation actually performed. The external inputs are weak and are not the dominant drivers of network activity.
Visual Categorization with Random Projection
Authors: Arriaga Rosa I. , Rutter David , Cakmak Maya , Vempala Santosh S.
Published: August 2015

Humans learn categories of complex objects quickly and from a few examples. Random projection has been suggested as a means to learn and categorize efficiently. We investigate how random projection affects categorization by humans and by very simple neural networks on the same stimuli and categorization tasks, and how this relates to the robustness of categories. We find that (1) drastic reduction in stimulus complexity via random projection does not degrade performance in categorization tasks by either humans or simple neural networks, (2) human accuracy and neural network accuracy are remarkably correlated, even at the level of individual stimuli, and (3) the performance of both is strongly indicated by a natural notion of category robustness.
Indefinite Proximity Learning: A Review
Authors: Schleif Frank-Michael , Tino Peter
Published: August 2015

Efficient learning of a data analysis task strongly depends on the data representation. Most methods rely on (symmetric) similarity or dissimilarity representations by means of metric inner products or distances, providing easy access to powerful mathematical formalisms like kernel or branch-and-bound approaches. Similarities and dissimilarities are, however, often naturally obtained by nonmetric proximity measures that cannot easily be handled by classical learning algorithms. Major efforts have been undertaken to provide approaches that can either directly be used for such data or to make standard methods available for these types of data. We provide a comprehensive survey for the field of learning with nonmetric proximities. First, we introduce the formalism used in nonmetric spaces and motivate specific treatments for nonmetric proximity data. Second, we provide a systematization of the various approaches. For each category of approaches, we provide a comparative discussion of the individual algorithms and address complexity issues and generalization properties. In a summarizing section, we provide a larger experimental study for the majority of the algorithms on standard data sets. We also address the problem of large-scale proximity learning, which is often overlooked in this context and of major importance to make the method relevant in practice. The algorithms we discuss are in general applicable for proximity-based clustering, one-class classification, classification, regression, and embedding approaches. In the experimental part, we focus on classification tasks.
Multiview Bayesian Correlated Component Analysis
Authors: Kamronn Simon , Poulsen Andreas Trier , Hansen Lars Kai
Published: August 2015

Correlated component analysis as proposed by Dmochowski, Sajda, Dias, and Parra ( 2012 ) is a tool for investigating brain process similarity in the responses to multiple views of a given stimulus. Correlated components are identified under the assumption that the involved spatial networks are identical. Here we propose a hierarchical probabilistic model that can infer the level of universality in such multiview data, from completely unrelated representations, corresponding to canonical correlation analysis, to identical representations as in correlated component analysis. This new model, which we denote Bayesian correlated component analysis, evaluates favorably against three relevant algorithms in simulated data. A well-established benchmark EEG data set is used to further validate the new model and infer the variability of spatial representations across multiple subjects.
An Equation of Language and Spirit: Comparative Philology and the Study of American Indian Religions
Authors: Dees Sarah
Published: August 2015

Scholars of religion frequently distinguish between the religions practiced by American Indians and non-Natives, raising a question about the role of religion in constructing and preserving notions of human difference. The present article locates key assumptions about the inherent distinction of Indigenous religions in early anthropological and linguistic research on American Indians. I demonstrate that as anthropologists studied Native cultures in the late nineteenth century, they drew on evolutionary theories of language in order to construct racialized cultural classifications. Analysis of language provided a framework and foundation for research on American Indian religions. I focus on the writings produced by the Bureau of American Ethnology (bae), led by the influential anthropologist John Wesley Powell, who directed the Bureau from 1879 to 1902. Drawing on philology, the science of language,baeresearchers outlined a perceived essential difference between spiritual capacities of American Indians and non-Natives.
Sound, Music and Religion: A Preliminary Cartography of a Transdisciplinary Research Field
Authors: Laack Isabel
Published: August 2015

Sound and music play a vital role in many religious and spiritual practices around the world. However, they have not been studied considerably in the field of religion or in related disciplines thus far. This article begins to bridge this gap by drawing a preliminary cartography of the research field and proposing a transdisciplinary methodological basis for further studies. It includes a survey of the state of research and firmly locates the field within the secular study of religion rather than within phenomenological, theological or religious approaches. The key concepts “sound,” “music” and “religion” are introduced; and the manner in which common perceptions of these concepts have prevented us from noting some of the most interesting phenomena, especially in contemporary religiosity, is discussed. Finally, a spectrum of potential research perspectives that could be covered by future studies is proposed.
A Controversial Dialogue between International and Domestic Courts on Functional Immunity
Authors: Farnelli Gian Maria
Published: August 2015

The present contribution stems from a number of judicial decisions concerning immunity of State officials from foreign domestic jurisdiction, with specific regard to criminal jurisdiction. In particular, the article aims at analysing current trends concerning immunity of State officials from foreign domestic jurisdiction.

In order to do so, an analysis of the customary rules concerning immunity of State officials, either personal or organic, is sketched out first of all, also taking into consideration the recent work of the International Law Commission on the topic in point.

Subsequently, international and domestic case law are dealt with. In particular, the analysis considers the stance taken by international as well as domestic courts with regard to organic immunity in cases of international or common crimes.

Lastly, some conclusions are drawn, also pointing towards some small openings in current case law so as to suggest a possible balance between competing claims.
A taxonomic revision of Pseudosymblepharis Broth. (Musci: Pottiaceae) in Asia

Authors: Sollman Philip
Published: August 2015

In Asia, Pseudosymblepharis Broth., consists of only one species: Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis (C. Muell.) Sollman. Although the extremes in the collections (e.g. larger versus smaller plants) at first sight look distinct, intermediates were seen rather frequently. The more variable characters are discussed. Small-sized specimens of Pseudosymblepharis are distinguished from Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.) Lindb., Trichostomum brachydontium Br. and several other species. Twenty-three reductions to synonymy are proposed. Data on distribution and habitat are given.
Revision der Gattung Amphidium (Musci, Dicranaceae)

Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter , Klöcker Tobias , Schmidt Rouven , Schöter Christian
Published: August 2015

Only 3 of the 13 species so far comprised in Amphidium were retained in the genus: A lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp., A. mougeotii (B.S.G.) Schimp. and A. tortuosum (Hornschuch) Cufodontis. Amphidium. sublapponicum (C. Müll.) Broth. is conspecific with A. lapponicum, A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth., A. curvipes (C. Müll.) Broth. and A. californicum (C. Müll.) Broth. are synoymous with A. tortuosum. Amphidium brevifolium Broth., A. clastophyllum Broth. and A. papillosum Broth., all known only from the type locality, are sterile and differ vegetatively from all other species of the genus. They belong probably not to Amphidium. The types of Amphidium letestui Thér. & P. Varde, A. aloysii-sabaudiae Negri and A. remotidens (C. Müll.) Broth. could not be located.
New bryophyte taxon records for tropical countries IV
Authors: Müller Frank , Wigginton Martin J. , O’Shea Brian J.
Published: August 2015

The following new records to Africa are with reference to the current checklists for sub-Saharan Africa (Hepaticae: Wigginton & Grolle 1996; Musci: O’Shea 1999).
New Occurrences of Pleurocarpous Mosses for the state of Bahia, Brazil

Authors: Vilas Bôas-Bastos Silvana B. , Bastos Cid José Passos
Published: August 2015

Four new records of pleurocarpous mosses are reported for the first time for the State of Bahia: Phyllodon truncatulus (Hypnaceae), Trichosteleum brachydictyon, Sematophyllum tequendamense and Potamium lonchophyllum (Sematophyllaceae). These species were found in the Tropical Atlantic Rainforest situated in the South of Bahia.
Acinopus sabulosus and A. lepeletieri from north-west Africa are two distinct species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)
Authors: Kataev Boris M. , Wrase David W.
Published: August 2015

Based on examination of the type specimens and additional material from various localities, Acinopus lepeletieri Lucas, 1846 is treated as a distinct species from Algeria and Tunisia, not as a synonym of A. sabulosus (Fabricius, 1792). The distinctive features of these two species and their distribution are described. The absence of any newly collected material of A. lepeletieri argues for the possibly extinction of this species as a result of destruction of its natural biotopes. Lectotype is designated for Scarites sabulosus Fabricius, 1792.
A new species of Lilloiconcha Weyrauch, 1965 (Pulmonata: Charopidae) from central Chile
Authors: ARAYA JUAN FRANCISCO , ALIAGA JUAN ANTONIO
Published: August 2015

Most recent research concerning terrestrial mollusks from Chile has focused in species from southern areas of the country (Vargas-Almonacid 2000, Vargas-Almonacid & Stuardo 2007, Miquel & Barker 2009, Miquel & Cádiz-Lorca 2009, among others), all of them involving charopid or punctid snails, with only a few works reviewing species from northern Chile (Miquel & Araya, 2013, Araya & Catalán, 2014). In this study we describe the occurrence of a new charopid species, the second record of the genus Lilloiconcha in the country, living near Los Molles in central Chile. This small species lives buried in humus and underneath stones, large boulders and rotten leaves.
New Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from New Zealand
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G. , MINOR MARIA A.
Published: August 2015

Three new species of oribatid mites of the family Oppiidae (Oribatida, Oppioidea), belonging to the genera/subgenera Tripiloppia Hammer, 1968 and Lanceoppia (Baioppia) Luxton, 1985, are described from Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand. Tripiloppia frigida sp. nov. is morphologically similar to T. dalenii Hammer, 1968, but differs from the latter by the lanceolate bothridial setae, five pairs of genital setae, and trapezoid anterior notogastral protrusion. Tripiloppia alpina sp. nov. is morphologically similar to T. frigida sp. nov., but differs from the latter by the short, diagonal costulae, strong teeth in humeral regions, barbed lamellar setae, and interlamellar setae shorter than rostral setae. Lanceoppia (Baioppia) trapezoides sp. nov. is morphologically similar to L. (B.) moritzi Hammer, 1968, but differs from the latter by the larger body length, presence of notogastral setae c, and long interlamellar setae. The taxonomic status of the genus Autoppia Golosova & Karppinen, 1983 and systematic placement of Autoppia algicola Golosova & Karppinen, 1983 are discussed, resulting in the following taxonomic proposals: Tripiloppia Hammer, 1968 (=Autoppia Golosova & Karppinen, 1983 syn. nov.); Tripiloppia algicola (Golosova & Karppinen, 1983) comb. nov. The identification keys to known species of Tripiloppia and Lanceoppia (Baioppia) are given.
New species of Cryptophleps Lichtwardt (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with a key to the Afrotropical and Palaearctic species of the genus
Authors: GRICHANOV IGOR YA.
Published: August 2015

Two new species, Cryptophleps namibica sp. nov., from Namibia and C. buttikeri sp. nov., from Saudi Arabia are described. The following new combinations are proposed: Cryptophleps izia (Negrobov, 1973) (Asyndetus), comb. nov. (Central Asia), Cryptophleps minuta (Negrobov & Shamshev, 1986) (Asyndetus), comb. nov. (Far Eastern Asia) and Cryptophleps vivida (Negrobov & Shamshev, 1986) (Asyndetus), comb. nov. (Far Eastern Asia). The systematic positions of species of Cryptophleps are discussed. An identification key to Afrotropical and Palaearctic species is provided.
A new species of torrent catfish, Liobagrus hyeongsanensis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae), from Korea
Authors: KIM SU-HWAN , KIM HYEONG-SU , PARK JONG-YOUNG
Published: August 2015

A new species of torrent catfish, Liobargus hyeongsanensis, is described from rivers and tributaries of the southeastern coast of Korea. The new species can be differentiated from its congeners by the following characteristics: a small size with a maximum standard length (SL) of 90 mm; body and fins entirely brownish-yellow without distinct markings; a relatively short pectoral spine (3.7–6.5 % SL); a reduced body-width at pectoral-fin base (15.5–17.9 % SL); 50–54 caudal-fin rays; 6–8 gill rakers; 2–3 (mostly 3) serrations on pectoral fin; 60–110 eggs per gravid female.
Does the Lack of Coupling in SST-Forced Atmosphere-Only Models Limit Their Usefulness for Climate Change Studies?
Authors: He Jie , Soden Brian J.
Published: August 2015

Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are often considered inadequate for studying natural climate variability because of their lack of coupling with an underlying ocean. This lack of two-way air–sea coupling results in an inconsistency in surface energetics. This study aims to determine whether the lack of two-way air–sea coupling also undermines an AGCM’s ability to simulate anthropogenic climate change. A comparison between coupled and atmospheric GCM simulations shows that anthropogenic climate change can be well reproduced by an AGCM and that errors due to the lack of two-way coupling are primarily limited to internal variability. Simulations using a stochastic linear model are shown to further support this conclusion. These results suggest a greater utility for AGCMs as computationally efficient tools for understanding and downscaling coupled model simulations of anthropogenic climate change.
Modeling Hydrologic Response to Climate Change and Shrinking Glaciers in the Highly Glacierized Kunma Like River Catchment, Central Tian Shan
Authors: Zhao Qiudong , Zhang Shiqiang , Ding Yong Jian , Wang Jian , Han Haidong , Xu Junli , Zhao Chuancheng , Guo Wanqin , Shangguan Donghui
Published: August 2015

Arid and semiarid lowland areas of central Asia are largely dependent on fluvial water originating from the Tian Shan. Mountain glaciers contribute significantly to runoff, particularly in summer. With global warming, the total glacier area in the Kunma Like River catchment declined by 13.2% during 1990–2007. For future water resources, it is essential to quantify the responses of hydrologic processes to both climate change and shrinking glaciers in glacierized catchments, such as the headwaters of the Tarim River. Thus, a degree-day glacier melt algorithm was integrated into the macroscale hydrologic Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). Good results were obtained for monthly runoff simulations in the Kunma Like River catchment, which suggest that the extended VIC has acceptable performance. Because of increased precipitation and air temperature, annual runoff in the catchment has increased by about 4.07 × 108 m3 decade−1 during 1984/85–2006/07. Under the assumption of the same climatic conditions, sensitivity analyses indicated that annual and summer river runoff volumes would decrease by 9.3% and 10.4%, respectively, for reductions in glacier area of 13.2%. The variation coefficient of annual runoff also increased because of shrinking glaciers. Runoff scenarios for warmer future climate and various deglaciation situations suggest that reductions in glacier area by >30% will likely produce less meltwater in summer and river runoff will decline. Consequently, the annual total discharge of the Kunma Like River is projected to decrease by 2.8%–19.4% in the 2050s scenario because of glacier shrinking.
Exploiting Over-Land OceanSat-2 Scatterometer Observations to Capture Short-Period Time-Integrated Precipitation
Authors: Turk F. Joseph , Sikhakolli R. , Kirstetter P. , Durden S. L.
Published: August 2015

Estimation of overland precipitation using observations from the radar and passive microwave radiometer sensors onboard the current Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and predecessor Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites is constrained by the underlying surface variability. The factors controlling the multichannel microwave surface emissivity and radar surface backscatter are related to surface properties such as soil type and vegetation properties that vary with location and time. Variability due to slowly varying seasonal changes can be considered when simulating radar reflectivities and radiometer equivalent blackbody brightness temperatures for use with precipitation retrieval algorithms. However, over certain surfaces, a more transient, dynamic surface change is manifested upon the onset of intermittent rain events. In these situations, a timely update of the surface state prior to each satellite overpass, together with knowledge of the associated variability in the emissivity and radar surface backscatter, may be useful to improve the performance of the overland precipitation retrieval algorithms. In this study, the potential for wide-swath surface backscatter observations from the Ku-band, dual-beam OceanSat-2 scatterometer (OSCAT) is examined as a surface reference for tracking previous-time precipitation. Over certain surfaces, it is shown that a time-change detection approach is useful to isolate the change in radar backscatter owing to previous 3-h rainfall accumulations from the more slowly varying background state. A practical use of this method would be the production of an ancillary previous-time precipitation map, which could be consulted by retrieval algorithms to select (or adjust the weighting of) candidate solutions that represent the most current surface conditions.
Analysis of Thundersnow Storms over Northern Colorado
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Deierling Wiebke
Published: August 2015

Lightning flashes during snowstorms occur infrequently compared to warm-season convection. The rarity of such thundersnow events poses an additional hazard because the lightning is unexpected. Because cloud electrification in thundersnow storms leads to relatively few lightning discharges, studying thundersnow events may offer insights into mechanisms for charging and possible thresholds required for lightning discharges. Observations of four northern Colorado thundersnow events that occurred during the 2012/13 winter are presented. Four thundersnow events in one season strongly disagrees with previous climatologies that used surface reports, implying thundersnow may be more common than previously thought. Total lightning information from the Colorado Lightning Mapping Array and data from conterminous United States lightning detection networks are examined to investigate the snowstorms’ electrical properties and to compare them to typical warm-season thunderstorms. Data from polarimetric WSR-88Ds near Denver, Colorado, and Cheyenne, Wyoming, are used to reveal the storms’ microphysical structure and determine operationally relevant signatures related to storm electrification. Most lightning occurred within convective cells containing graupel and pristine ice. However, one flash occurred in a stratiform snowband, apparently triggered by a tower. Depolarization streaks were observed in the radar data prior to the flash, indicating electric fields strong enough to orient pristine ice crystals. Direct comparisons of similar lightning- and nonlightning-producing convective cells reveal that though both cells likely produced graupel, the lightning-producing cell had larger values of specific differential phase and polarimetric radar–derived ice mass. Compared to warm-season thunderstorms, the analyzed thundersnow storms had similar electrical properties but lower flash rates and smaller vertical depths, suggesting they are weaker, ordinary thunderstorms lacking any warm (>0°C) cloud depth.
‘Are you being your best?’ Why students behave responsibly
Authors: Fogelgarn Rochelle Karen , Lewis Ramon (Rom)
Published: August 2015

Undiscerning obedience to authority or compliance motivated by social approval differs substantially from volitional moral reasoning based on internalized values. The aim of this study was to ascertain why students would choose to act responsibly in the absence of external constraints. This article reports data collected from primary students in 10 Australian schools, who described the reasons why they would choose to act responsibly. Data analyses identified eight motives which, when categorized, appeared to derive from obedience, compliance or volition. The discussion of results suggests a socially significant difference between students acting responsibly and being responsible. We contend that morally driven classroom management practices are likely to produce more self-aware, morally autonomous, responsible students who conscientiously aspire to be the best that they can be at all times.
Exploring the Impact of Increasing the Number of Black Men in Professional Psychology
Authors: Beasley Samuel T. , Miller I. S. Keino , Cokley Kevin O.
Published: August 2015

The underrepresentation of Black men in professional psychology represents a critical issue, but this topic has received relatively limited coverage in the extant literature. Given the complex challenges facing many Black communities, we contend that increasing the number of African American male professional psychologists represents one component of the multi-pronged plan to tackle these problems. However, there is a dearth of scholarship that explicitly highlights the potential contributions Black men can make to professional psychology, particularly those with an African/Black psychology lens. We address this gap by exploring the impact of increasing the number of Black male professional psychologists. We detail the contributions Black male psychologists can make in clinical, academic, and research settings, with a particular focus on how their work can affect outcomes for Black boys and men in these three settings. Embedded in our analysis, we highlight the need to incorporate an African/Black psychology lens to address the needs of Black communities. We also examine how the increased presence of Black male professional psychologists can potentially influence other Black men to consider and enter the field. This information will be of particular interest to educators, researchers, and practitioners invested in enhancing the professional psychology pipeline for Black men.
Dental Occlusal Changes Induce Motor Cortex Neuroplasticity
Authors: Avivi-Arber L. , Lee J.-C. , Sessle B.J.
Published: August 2015

Modification to the dental occlusion may alter oral sensorimotor functions. Restorative treatments aim to restore sensorimotor functions; however, it is unclear why some patients fail to adapt to the restoration and remain with sensorimotor complaints. The face primary motor cortex (face-M1) is involved in the generation and control of orofacial movements. Altered sensory inputs or motor function can induce face-M1 neuroplasticity. We took advantage of the continuous eruption of the incisors in Sprague-Dawley rats and used intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) to map the jaw and tongue motor representations in face-M1. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that multiple trimming of the right mandibular incisor, to keep it out of occlusal contacts for 7 d, and subsequent incisor eruption and restoration of occlusal contacts, can alter the ICMS-defined features of jaw and tongue motor representations (i.e., neuroplasticity). On days 1, 3, 5, and 7, the trim and trim-recovered groups had 1 to 2 mm of incisal trimming of the incisor; a sham trim group had buccal surface trimming with no occlusal changes; and a naive group had no treatment. Systematic mapping was performed on day 8 in the naive, trim, and sham trim groups and on day 14 in the trim-recovered group. In the trim group, the tongue onset latency was shorter in the left face-M1 than in the right face-M1 ( P < .001). In the trim-recovered group, the number of tongue sites and jaw/tongue overlapping sites was greater in the left face-M1 than in the right face-M1 ( P = 0.0032, 0.0016, respectively), and the center of gravity was deeper in the left than in the right face-M1 ( P = 0.026). Therefore, incisor trimming and subsequent restoration of occlusal contacts induced face-M1 neuroplasticity, reflected in significant disparities between the left and right face-M1 in some ICMS-defined features of the tongue motor representations. Such neuroplasticity may reflect or contribute to subjects’ ability to adapt their oral sensorimotor functions to an altered dental occlusion.
Changes in Payer Mix and Physician Reimbursement After the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid Expansion
Authors: Jones Christine D. , Scott Serena J. , Anoff Debra L. , Pierce Read G. , Glasheen Jeffrey J.
Published: August 2015

Although uncompensated care for hospital-based care has fallen dramatically since the implementation of the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid expansion, the changes in hospital physician reimbursement are not known. We evaluated if payer mix and physician reimbursement by encounter changed between 2013 and 2014 in an academic hospitalist practice in a Medicaid expansion state. This was a retrospective cohort study of all general medicine inpatient admissions to an academic hospitalist group in 2013 and 2014. The proportion of encounters by payer and reimbursement/inpatient encounter were compared in 2013 versus 2014. A sensitivity analysis determined the relative contribution of different factors to the change in reimbursement/encounter. Among 37 540 and 40 397 general medicine inpatient encounters in 2013 and 2014, respectively, Medicaid encounters increased (17.3% to 30.0%, P < .001), uninsured encounters decreased (18.4% to 6.3%, P < 0.001), and private payer encounters also decreased (14.1% to 13.3%, P = .001). The median reimbursement/encounter increased 4.2% from $79.98/encounter in 2013 to $83.36/encounter in 2014 ( P < .001). In a sensitivity analysis, changes in length of stay, proportions in encounter type by payer, payer mix, and reimbursement for encounter type by payer accounted for −0.7%, 0.8%, 2.0%, and 2.3% of the reimbursement change, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, Medicaid encounters increased, and uninsured and private payer encounters decreased within our hospitalist practice. Reimbursement/encounter also increased, much of which could be attributed to a change in payer mix. Further analyses of physician reimbursement in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states would further delineate reimbursement changes that are directly attributable to Medicaid expansion.
Boundary Work and the Construction of Scientific Authority in the Vaccines-Autism Controversy
Authors: Scott Jennifer Bracken
Published: August 2015

The controversy about vaccines and autism presents an opportunity to explore how science is constructed in public debates about health and medicine. Rhetors who argue against a connection between vaccines and autism insist that their opponents are irrational, while rhetors arguing for a link insist that their fears are rational indeed. This analysis poses an alternative way of understanding the vaccines-autism controversy, suggesting that it is partly fueled by differing perceptions of the boundary between science and non-science. Using the concept of boundary work as a lens, this article uses generative rhetorical criticism to examine artifacts within the controversy and explores rhetorical constructions of scientific evidence, the forum of scientific discourse, scientific expertise, and the scientific capability. The findings suggest that rhetors’ awareness of disciplinary boundaries is just as important in the construction and reception of their arguments as their knowledge of scientific facts and principles.
“The Best Things in Life Are Here” in “The Mistake on the Lake”
Authors: Souther J. Mark
Published: August 2015

Historians have devoted ample attention to the urban crisis, but few have explored symbolic actions to manage attitudes toward metropolitan change. In the 1980s, Cleveland, Ohio, experienced what many politicians and business and civic leaders called a “comeback.” To understand the images and narratives constructed during this intended renaissance, it is necessary to examine earlier campaigns to revivify Cleveland and its reputation. This article traces three such campaigns in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the better-known 1980s renaissance, and examines the tension between acceptance and rejection of these images and narratives. This interplay paralleled a tension between decline and renewal that has been a hallmark of the post–World War II American city.
Future time perspective as a predictor of adolescents’ adaptive behavior in school
Authors: Carvalho Renato Gil Gomes
Published: August 2015

Future time perspective (FTP) has been associated with positive outcomes in adolescents’ development across different contexts. However, the extent to which FTP influences adaptation needs additional understanding. In this study, we analysed the relationship between FTP and adolescents’ behavior in school, as expressed in several indicators of achievement, social integration, and overall satisfaction. We also considered the mediating role of FTP in the association between socioeconomic status, defined by parental education, and adolescents’ behavior in school. The sample consisted of 349 Portuguese adolescents, ranging in age from 14- to 18-years-old. We used a self-report measure of FTP and a school life survey. Regression analyses and bootstrapping procedures revealed that FTP was a significant predictor of school adaptation and a mediator of parental education influence on several adaptation variables. We discussed the results regarding the broader role of FTP in adaptive behavior as well as the importance of school counseling services aimed at fostering adolescents’ FTP.
Interaction Dynamics Predict Successful Negotiation in Divorce Mediation
Authors: Donohue William A. , Sherry John L. , Idzik Patrick
Published: August 2015

Though communication is a process that unfolds over time, it has been difficult to study it as a dynamic process. This article examines the process of real-life divorce mediations as a dynamic system. First, the article sets out a paradigm of an interaction dynamic, revealing underlying dynamic patterns of frame coordination and how those patterns predict successful negotiation. Second, the article details a methodology for studying communication features dynamically. Finally, an analysis of 15 anonymous divorce mediations is conducted. Results largely support the predictions of relational order theory.