bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil–atmosphere exchange of ammonia in a non-fertilized grassland: measured emission potentials and inferred fluxes
Authors: Wentworth G. R. , Murphy J. G. , Gregoire P. K. , Cheyne C. A. L. , Tevlin A. G. , Hems R.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. A 50-day field study was carried out in a semi-natural, non-fertilized grassland in south-western Ontario, Canada during the late summer and early autumn of 2012. The purpose was to explore surface–atmosphere exchange processes of ammonia (NH3) with a focus on bi-directional fluxes between the soil and atmosphere. Measurements of soil pH and ammonium concentration ([NH4+]) yielded the first direct quantification of soil emission potential (Γsoil = [NH4+]/[H+]) for this land type, with values ranging from 35 to 1850 (an average of 290). The soil compensation point, the atmospheric NH3 mixing ratio below which net emission from the soil will occur, exhibited both a seasonal trend and diurnal trend. Higher daytime and August compensation points were attributed to higher soil temperature. Soil–atmosphere fluxes were estimated using NH3 measurements from the Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC) and a simple resistance model. Vegetative effects were ignored due to the short canopy height and significant Γsoil. Inferred fluxes were, on average, 2.6 ± 4.5 ng m−2 s−1 in August (i.e. net emission) and −5.8 ± 3.0 ng m−2 s−1 in September (i.e. net deposition). These results are in good agreement with the only other bi-directional exchange study in a semi-natural, non-fertilized grassland. A Lagrangian dispersion model (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory – HYSPLIT) was used to calculate air parcel back-trajectories throughout the campaign and revealed that NH3 mixing ratios had no directional bias throughout the campaign, unlike the other atmospheric constituents measured. This implies that soil–atmosphere exchange over a non-fertilized grassland can significantly moderate near-surface NH3 concentrations. In addition, we provide indirect evidence that dew and fog evaporation can cause a morning increase of [NH3]g. Implications of our findings on current NH3 bi-directional exchange modelling efforts are also discussed.
Pliocene diatom and sponge spicule oxygen isotope ratios from the Bering Sea: isotopic offsets and future directions
Authors: Snelling A. M. , Swann G. E. A. , Pike J. , Leng M. J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Oxygen isotope analyses of different size fractions of Pliocene diatoms (δ18Odiatom) from the Bering Sea show no evidence of an isotope offset and support the use of bulk diatom species samples for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. Additional samples containing concentrations of sponge spicules produce δ18O values several per mille (‰) lower than δ18Odiatom with a calculated mean offset of 3.9‰ ± 1.5. This difference is significantly greater than modern-day variations in water δ18O through the regional water column. Despite the potential for oxygen isotope disequilibrium within δ18Osponge, there appears to be some similarity between δ18Osponge and a global stacked benthic δ18Oforam record. This highlights the potential for δ18Osponge in palaeoenvironmental research at sites where carbonates are not readily preserved.
Stable water isotope tracing through hydrological models for disentangling runoff generation processes at the hillslope scale
Authors: Windhorst D. , Kraft P. , Timbe E. , Frede H.-G. , Breuer L.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Hillslopes are the dominant landscape components where incoming precipitation becomes groundwater, streamflow or atmospheric water vapor. However, directly observing flux partitioning in the soil is almost impossible. Hydrological hillslope models are therefore being used to investigate the processes involved. Here we report on a modeling experiment using the Catchment Modeling Framework (CMF) where measured stable water isotopes in vertical soil profiles along a tropical mountainous grassland hillslope transect are traced through the model to resolve potential mixing processes. CMF simulates advective transport of stable water isotopes 18O and 2H based on the Richards equation within a fully distributed 2-D representation of the hillslope. The model successfully replicates the observed temporal pattern of soil water isotope profiles (R2 0.84 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) 0.42). Predicted flows are in good agreement with previous studies. We highlight the importance of groundwater recharge and shallow lateral subsurface flow, accounting for 50 and 16% of the total flow leaving the system, respectively. Surface runoff is negligible despite the steep slopes in the Ecuadorian study region.
From days to decades: numerical modeling of freshwater lens response to climate change stressors on small islands
Authors: Holding S. , Allen D. M.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Freshwater lenses on small islands are vulnerable to many climate change related stressors, which can act over relatively long time periods, on the order of decades (e.g. sea level rise, changes in recharge), or short time periods, such as days (storm surge overwash). This study evaluates response of the freshwater lens on a small low-lying island to various stressors. To account for the varying temporal and spatial scales of the stressors, two different density-dependent flow and solute transport codes are used: SEAWAT and HydroGeoSphere. The study site is Andros Island in the Bahamas, which is characteristic of other low-lying carbonate islands in the Caribbean and South Pacific regions. In addition to projected sea level rise and reduced recharge under future climate change, Andros Island experienced a storm surge overwash event during Hurricane Francis in 2004, which contaminated the main wellfield. Simulations of reduced recharge result in up to 19% loss of freshwater lens volume, while sea level rise contributes up to 5% volume loss. The lens responds relatively quickly to these stressors, within 0.5 to 3 years. Simulations of the storm surge overwash indicate that the freshwater lens recovers over time; however, prompt remedial action can restore the lens to potable concentrations up to one month sooner.
Evaluation of precipitation estimates over CONUS derived from satellite, radar, and rain gauge datasets (2002–2012)
Authors: Prat O. P. , Nelson B. R.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We use a suite of quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) derived from satellite, radar, and surface observations to derive precipitation characteristics over CONUS for the period 2002–2012. This comparison effort includes satellite multi-sensor datasets (bias-adjusted TMPA 3B42, near-real time 3B42RT), radar estimates (NCEP Stage IV), and rain gauge observations. Remotely sensed precipitation datasets are compared with surface observations from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-Daily) and from the PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). The comparisons are performed at the annual, seasonal, and daily scales over the River Forecast Centers (RFCs) for CONUS. Annual average rain rates present a satisfying agreement with GHCN-D for all products over CONUS (± 6%). However, differences at the RFC are more important in particular for near-real time 3B42RT precipitation estimates (−33 to +49%). At annual and seasonal scales, the bias-adjusted 3B42 presented important improvement when compared to its near real time counterpart 3B42RT. However, large biases remained for 3B42 over the Western US for higher average accumulation (≥ 5 mm day-1) with respect to GHCN-D surface observations. At the daily scale, 3B42RT performed poorly in capturing extreme daily precipitation (> 4 in day-1) over the Northwest. Furthermore, the conditional analysis and the contingency analysis conducted illustrated the challenge of retrieving extreme precipitation from remote sensing estimates.
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores
Authors: Gfeller G. , Fischer H. , Bigler M. , Schüpbach S. , Leuenberger D. , Mini O.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in northwest Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60% of the variability within the area. The inter-annual representativeness, however, can be substantially lower (depending on the species) making replicate coring indispensable to derive the atmospheric variability of aerosol species. A single core at the NEEM site records only 30% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in some species, while five replicate cores are already needed to cover approximately 70% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in all species. The spatial representativeness is very high within 60 cm, rapidly decorrelates within 10 m but does not diminish further within 3 km. We attribute this to wind reworking of the snow pack leading to sastrugi formation. Due to the high resolution and seasonal representativeness of the records we can derive accurate seasonalities of the measured species for modern (AD 1990–2010) times as well as for pre-industrial (AD 1623–1750) times. Sodium and calcium show similar seasonality (peaking in February and March respectively) for modern and pre-industrial times, whereas ammonium and nitrate are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nitrate and ammonium both peak in May during modern times, whereas during pre-industrial times ammonium peaked during July–August and nitrate during June–July.
Technology and the Turkish Mind: Internet Animation as Counter Culture in Turkey
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: October 2014

This paper is an attempt in interpreting the relationship between the adoption of new communications technologies such as the internet and how they are transformed and used in expression of a resisting cultural identity through content creation, namely internet flash animation in Turkey. The study discusses the Turkish adaptation of media of communication as social practice and as a means of social resistance and cultural expression. Its main focus is on internet use and especially around the use of humorous animated stories on the web.
Editorial
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: October 2014

This issue of CINEJ focuses on a varity of  topics: American tourism to Mexico and 1950s Hollywood film, cinematic pedagogy of Gilles Deleuze and Manoel de Oliveira, United Arab Emirates building a national cinema, crowdfunding in documentaries, flying scenes in Steven Spielberg's films, Rudaali in film narrative, a brief history of motorcycle in cinema, romantic relief in the Hollywood Blockbuster, filmosphy of Turkish cinema and flash animation as a counter cultural tool.
Recurrence: A Filmosophic Re-thinking of A Long Story/ Uzun Hikaye
Authors: Goksel Demiray Basak
Published: October 2014

This study will re-think A Long Story under the guidance of Daniel Frampton’s perspective of “filmosophy” which theorises film as a ‘being’ independent from any external effect, and acknowledges that film  has a ‘mind’ and is ‘able to think’ in its own way. To be clear on re-thinking how A Long Story ‘thinks’ of the concept of ‘recurrence’ in its dramatic structure, this study first will give a detailed explanation of “filmosophy”. Then, it will elaborate the particular ‘intentions’ and ‘choices’ that the film is responsible of whilst constructing itself upon the idea of ‘recurrence’. Finally, this study will focus on a particular scene and explain its significance on locating ‘recurrence’ as the ‘whole knowledge’ the film keeps in mind.
Rudaali in Film Narrative: Looking Through the Feminist Lens
Authors: Das Reetamoni , Nath Dr Debarshi Prasad
Published: October 2014

Kalpana Lajmi adapts Mahesweta Devi’s short story to highlight the plight of a woman in the system of exploitation and hunger. Amidst the never ending class struggle, that Devi has so effectively depicted, the struggle of gender becomes the issue of highlight for Lajmi. In poverty and prosperity she remains the same. In the search for the self, Lajmi tries to discover a language through which the subaltern may speak and in Rudaali it is the language of tears. Tears that have been eternally associated with the female become the unique language of the feminine to speak for themselves in Lajmi and Devi. In the cultural terrain where language of man is the norm Rudaali is an exception.
Vulnerabilidade da família de crianças com estomia intestinal
Authors: Zacarin Clara Ferraz Lazarini , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , De Souza Renata Olzon Dionysio , Borges Daianne Cibele de Souza , Dupas Giselle
Published: October 2014

Estomas intestinais provocam transformações no corpo e geram necessidades de cuidados específicos e contínuos que implicam em internações hospitalares e cirurgias. Nesse contexto, aplicou-se o conceito de vulnerabilidade da família com objetivo de identificar a vulnerabilidade da família que convive com a criança que apresenta estomia intestinal. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, em que foram entrevistadas mães de crianças com essa condição crônica. Utilizou-se a análise de narrativa subsidiada pelo conceito de vulnerabilidade de família. Os resultados apontaram que as famílias têm experiências anteriores marcantes associadas à condição dos filhos, vivem sozinhas o cuidado das crianças e buscam maneiras de controlar a situação e resgatar sua autonomia, esperando a reversão do estoma. A partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade, percebeu-se que essas famílias podem ser consideradas vulneráveis, pois passam por ameaça em sua autonomia, mas são movidas pela esperança da reversão e reconstrução do trato intestinal da criança.doi: 10.5216/ree.v16i2.26639.
The Health and Retirement Study: A Public Data Resource for Research on Aging
Authors: Sonnega Amanda , Weir David R
Published: October 2014

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of more than 37,000 individuals in 23,000 households over age 50 in the United States. Fielded biennially since 1992, it was established to provide a national resource for data on the changing health and economic circumstances associated with aging. HRS covers four broad topic areas—income and wealth; health, cognition, and use of health care services; work and retirement; and family connections. HRS data are also linked at the individual level to administrative records from Social Security and Medicare, Veteran’s Administration, the National Death Index, and employer-provided pension plan information. In 2006, data collection expanded to include biomarkers and genetics and greater depth in psychosocial well-being and social context. This blend of economic, health, and psychosocial information provides unprecedented potential to study increasingly complex questions about aging and retirement. HRS prioritizes rapid release of data while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of respondents. Three categories of data—public, sensitive, and restricted—can be accessed through procedures described on the HRS website (hrsonline.isr.umich.edu).
Department of Decay
Authors: Sotomayor Camila
Published: October 2014

The following should be acknowledged as a manifesto and archive of the Department of Decay: an institution, research group, and laboratory dedicated to the universal advancement of all forms of decomposition. We believe that an understanding of our world at large begins with an eye trained under a microscope. It is at this scale where each of our explorations begins and it is here that we discover potential for reanimating the ruin.
A EDUCAÇÃO PARA O DIÁLOGO NA PLURALIDADE RELIGIOSA NAS ESCOLAS CONFESSIONAIS
Authors: Andrade Leal Valéria
Published: October 2014

O artigo discute o papel da Escola Católica na formação para o diálogo na pluralidade. Parte, sobretudo, de um dos últimos textos da Congregação para Educação católica: Educare al dialogo interculturale nella Scuola Cattolica - Vivere insieme per una civiltà dell’amore. Neste se levanta as vantagens e os perigos da multicultura, a questão dos fundamentalismos e intolerâncias, os diferentes posicionamentos frente à diversidade e a responsabilidade das instituições educativas em educar para a tolerância e a boa convivência. A tarefa de formar para o diálogo e a aceitação do diferente toca à Escola Católica justamente por sua referência aos ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo e pelo seu compromisso social, visto que educar para a boa convivência é uma urgência na sociedade atual.
Major Antifungals in Nutmeg Essential Oil against Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus
Authors: Valente Vania Maria Moreira , Jham Gulab Newandram , Jardim Carolina Marangon , Dhingra Onkar Dev , Ghiviriga Ion
Published: October 2014

Aiming to substitute toxic synthetic fungicides, the activity of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil (EO, obtained by hydrodistillation) was investigated against two important storage fungi-Aspergillus flavus A. ochraceus. The activity of crude nutmeg EO was investigated using poison food assay (PFA). At a concentration of 0.1%, the EO inhibited A. flavus and A. ochraceus growth by 43 and 65%, respectively. At a concentration of 0.3 %, A. flavus and A. ochraceus inhibitions were 84 and 79%, respectively. The crude nutmeg EO on fractionation by preparative TLC-bioautography presented one band from which two pure compounds were isolated by semi-preparative normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Myristicin and safrole were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative % of myristicin and safrol in the crude EO was 10.8 and 2.9, respectively, determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The crude EO, the isolated active fraction, isolated myristicin and standard myristicin presented similar activities against the two fungi at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3% by PFA. Based on these results it is concluded that myristicin is the major antifungal in nutmeg EO against A. flavus and A. ochraceus.
Biotechnology lessons for robotics: Adapting new business models to accelerate innovation
Authors: Boni Arthur , Moehle Christopher
Published: October 2014

Abstract â€“ The robotics industry is achieving a level of commercial maturity as evidenced by innovative products brought to market, and by the increasing pace of emerging robotics companies being acquired by larger players in a diversity of industries. However, there are challenges with accelerating the rate and scale of innovation in this industry. Our hypothesis is that while there are remaining technological challenges, the largest challenge is for the industry to adapt by exploitation of business models that focus more intently on validating product/market fit, building teams to span seamlessly from laboratory to market, and on developing creative structure and vehicles to provide the needed resources to commercialize.Â  To this end, we suggest that the robotics field could adapt approaches from the emerging â€œbusiness model playbookâ€ that are now being used in the field of biotechnology.Â  These industries do compare somewhat in that they are each technologically driven, have long, high- risk development cycles, and have the need for high levels of capital, compared to the software industry.Â  In this paper we review what has been accomplished in biotechnology, and also suggest how these lessons could be implemented in the field of robotics.Â
What the patent dance of the Biosimilars Act means for biosimilars
Authors: Fazzolare David A. , Brougher Joanna
Published: October 2014

There are currently only two biosimilars on the market in the US in contrast to the 21 biosimilars have been approved in Europe since 2006.Â Part of the reason for the lack of biosimilars is that until recently, there has been no abbreviated pathway for a biosimilar to reach the market meaning that biosimilars had to undergo the long and costly process of obtaining approval just like an innovator biologic product. After years of negotiation, however, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (the â€œBiosimilars Actâ€) was signed into law on March 23, 2010, by President Obama as Title VII of the Patent Protection and Affordable Care Act.Â The Biosimilars Act established an abbreviated pathway by which the FDA could approve generic versions of previously licensed biological products. The Biosimilars Act sets forth several requirements for biosimilar applications, including the so-called â€œPatent Danceâ€ which describes the process by which the biosimilar applicant and the reference product sponsor (â€œRPSâ€) exchange patent-related information before the biosimilar can enter the market.Â In this article, we will explore what the Patent Dance is and what it means for biosimilars that are seeking market entry in the US.Â
Contraintes financières et innovation dans les PME
Authors: Ben Ayed Wafa Hadriche , Zouari Sonia Ghorbel
Published: October 2014

L’objectif de ce travail consiste à étudier l’impact des contraintes financières sur le comportement innovant des petites et moyennes entreprises. Nous partons de la méthodologie de Fazzari, Hubbard et Petersen (1988) qui suppose que dans un contexte d’asymétrie d’information, la sensibilité de l’investissement à un indicateur de la richesse interne de l’entreprise implique l’existence de contraintes financières. Les résultats dégagés à partir d’un modèle Logit, mené sur un échantillon de 117 PME, montrent l’impact positif et significatif ducash-flowsur l’investissement innovant, ce qui implique une sensibilité de l’innovation aux ressources internes et confirme que les PME innovantes sont contraintes financièrement. D’autres investigations mettent en évidence une sensibilité plus importante pour les entreprises engagées dans des activités de recherche et développement, censées être plus exposées aux contraintes quant à l’accès au financement externe.
L’autonomie gouvernementale autochtone et l’option de loi en matière de statut personnel
Authors: Otis Ghislain
Published: October 2014

La présente étude a pour objet de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’autonomie gouvernementale autochtone qui se met graduellement en place à la faveur des traités modernes permet l’option de loi en matière de statut personnel, c’est-à-dire la faculté pour les sujets de droit de choisir entre la loi autochtone et la loi non autochtone en ce domaine. L’analyse de l’auteur l’amène à conclure à l’existence d’une faculté générale d’option de loi quant au statut personnel, faculté qui peut toutefois être écartée ou aménagée par les autorités autochtones dans l’exercice de leurs compétences prévues dans un traité. Après avoir soupesé les arguments favorables et défavorables à l’option de loi, l’auteur fait en outre ressortir l’opportunité pour les communautés autochtones de se donner une politique structurée relativement à l’option de loi afin d’assurer soit l’exclusivité du droit autochtone, soit une concurrence loyale entre les ordres juridiques, tout en favorisant le caractère libre et éclairé des choix des individus quant au droit par lequel ils souhaitent être régis.
La législation bilingue du Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Migneault Gaétan
Published: October 2014

Au Nouveau-Brunswick, la langue de la législation a été l’anglais jusqu’en 1969. La politique du gouvernement à cet égard a été changée par l’adoption de la Loi sur les langues officielles du Nouveau-Brunswick. En cinq ans à peine, les lois publiques ont été traduites et publiées en format bilingue dans le recueil des lois révisées de 1973. Une transition relativement harmonieuse s’est ainsi effectuée à partir d’un régime unilingue vers le bilinguisme officiel. La législation déléguée a emboîté le pas à partir de 1977. La production en format bilingue des lois du Nouveau-Brunswick a aussi entraîné des conséquences relativement à leur application par les tribunaux, l’égale autorité des versions exigeant l’étude des textes français et anglais pour leur interprétation.
Reseña bibliográfica
Authors: Oriola Requena Salvador
Published: October 2014

Es la reseña del libro "Arte y Bienestar" coordinado por el profesor Josep Gustems.
Figuras homotéticas y otros diálogos con el brócoli romanesco. "Entre" el dibujo artístico y el técnico.
Authors: Jové Glòria , Olivera Olga
Published: October 2014

En este artículo mostramos como aprender, enseñar y comunicarnos a través del arte, especialmente del arte contemporáneo en la formación de profesionales de la educación, nos lleva a concretar propuestas docentes creativas para que los profesionales de la educación seamos capaces de imaginar formas distintas de enseñar y aprender.  Nuestros años de experiencia y de conocimiento sobre ella nos llevan a cuestionar: ¿Por qué en el mundo de la educación están tan arraigados algunos modelos docentes?¿Por qué se habla tanto de la necesidad del cambio y cuesta tanto su implementación y sobretodo su continuidad? Y por tanto ¿de qué manera podemos articular los espacios formativos para deconstruir y reconstruir estos modelos que llevamos tan entroncados? Para ello proponemos una actividad a partir de un brócoli romanescu. Los estudiantes tienen que dibujar el trozo de brócoli y dialogar con él como personas que quieren ser maestros y profesores y que forman parte de una comunidad. Es necesario también concretar  las relaciones a que les lleva el diálogo con el brócoli y el mundo de la educación. Uno de estos diálogos permite a una profesora de dibujo de secundaria a establecer una hibridación entre dibujo técnico / dibujo artístico y romper con una histórica oposición binaria o dicotómica entre ambos. Mostramos  posibilidades en este espacio intermedio y por lo tanto permite ver la materia de dibujo técnico desde otra perspectiva. Palabras clave- aprender a través del arte, formación docente, dibujo artístico, dibujo técnico, hibridación, docencia creativahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.3521
Artes, educación e interdisciplinariedad
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: October 2014

Con este volumen ya son siete los libros que nos ofrece el MAMT, recopilatorios de textos que parten de las intervenciones que presentan losinvitados a la jornada que anualmente convoca el MAMT Pedagògic. Se trata por tanto de una iniciativa que ha adquirido presencia y peso espedífico en la reflexión sobre temáticas recurrentes y de actualidad como son la educación, el arte, los museos y las escuelas.
Investigar en educación artística: nuevos entornos y retos pendientes
Authors: Huerta Ricard , Domínguez Ricardo
Published: October 2014

Investigar en educación artística nunca fue fácil, y ciertamente las dificultades son ahora mayores. Si bien se ha podido avanzar en muchos sentidos, lo cierto es que en la actualidad no disponemos de mecanismos suficientes para desarrollar tareas de amplio calado, tanto a nivel curricular como en lo referido a consolidar la presencia social o mediática. En tanto que área de conocimiento estamos afrontando una situación que resulta cada vez más precaria, y debemos tomar conciencia de la gravedad de esta circunstancia. La creación de grupos interdisciplinares y la apertura hacia nuevas zonas de acción suponen esfuerzos que conviene abordar de forma coordinada. La necesidad de internacionalizar las miradas y las acciones supone encontrar aliados tanto en otras geografías como en diferentes ámbitos de maniobra. Sabemos y asumimos que se ha avanzado, pero ante todo debemos arriesgar de cara al futuro, con el fin de propiciar nuevos entornos y abrir espacios de reflexión, conscientes de nuestras posibilidades. Revisamos aquí algunos de los logros conseguidos y desarrollamos nuevas propuestas de intervención.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.4139
Learning Style and Students’ Achievement in Science
Authors: BUSILAOCO FRANCIS C. , LAO SHARON R.
Published: October 2014

Educators assert that students have various learning styles. In most cases, whatis being taught has less impact on learners’ achievement than the way materialsare presented. In other words, learning style makes an important component inthe learning environment. The Learning Style Survey Questionnaire employed inthis study appears to be a viable tool to determine students’ learning style. Thisstudy investigated the learning styles and achievement in science of 288 students.Findings reveal that most of the students were visual learners. Results also showthat the students possessed average competencies in science. Furthermore, resultssuggest that learning style has no significant bearing on achievement in science.Keywords: Science, learning style, student achievement, descriptive correlational method,Philippines
Poverty Alleviation through Skills Training Provided by State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) to their Communities: An Evaluation
Authors: SICAT LOLITA V.
Published: October 2014

One of the mandates of SUCs is to extend assistance to its communities. This is achieved by conducting training programs & skills training when requested by LGUs. This study was conducted to evaluate the skills training provided by SUCs in the province of Tarlac to their respective communities to help the government in its attempt to alleviate poverty. This study used the input-output model in evaluating the skills trainings rendered by the SUCs in Tarlac Province from 2009 to 2011. The inputs to the programs were the skills trainings, the materials used for trainings, & the personnel involved, while the output evaluation looked into the benefits derived from the training. All school administrators and training personnel of the SUCs were included in the study along with 140 out of 602 training recipients who were randomly sampled. Results show that skills trainings were requested by the marginalized sectors of the province of Tarlac thru their Local Government Units. Among the in-demand training courses requested by the community recipients were Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Basic Culinary Arts, Small Engine Repair, Building wiring food processing and computer Literacy. The trainees were provided adequate tools and equipment while the trainers were highly qualified workforce certified by TESDA. Training recipients were personally and psychologically uplifted with self-fulfillment and improved self-esteem. There was a significant increase on the number of recipients who acquired jobs after they attended the trainings. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test between the difference on number of jobs before and after the trainings was significant at 0.27. This shows that the SUCs in Tarlac Province are providing the community with relevant trainings that give the community people necessary skills that can improve their chances of landing a job.Keywords: Social Sciences, poverty alleviation, input-output model, Evaluation, Extension,Services of the SUCs, Philippines
Personal Variables as Differentiating Factors in the Services of Salaam Police Center
Authors: WARADJE DENNIS B. , MALONZO ELIZABETH M.
Published: October 2014

The PNP is currently facing challenges and problems in the delivery of Police services in the community. This study is a descriptive survey to determine and compare the level of community satisfaction on the services of Salaam Police Center in Davao City. Muslim communities were just moderately satisfied of the Salaam Police Center services to the Mosque (church) and School based activities and Organization of Council of Imams. There was a significant difference in the level of community satisfaction to the Salaam Police services when they were grouped by age, civil status, secular educational attainment and ethnic affiliation. This implies that younger respondents, 21- 30 years old, manifest higher level of satisfaction than those who are 51 years old and above. Those who are single, and in college, are more satisfied than those who are married and in high school. They have the same level of satisfaction when grouped by Islamic educational attainment.In view of the findings an enhancement program for the Salaam Police Center is developed for implementation to the activities of the Mosque and Madrasa base, Organization of Council of Imams and Muslim NGOs, and the Continuous Information and Education campaign.Keywords: Social science, community satisfaction, Salaam Police Center, Davao City
Compliance with International Law on Trafficking by the Philippines: A Critical Analysis
Authors: VEDAÑA MARIESTHER B.
Published: October 2014

Trafficking in persons refers to any kind of human exploitation with or withoutconsent of the victim. Prior to the UN’s Trafficking Protocol in 2000 almost allof the States did not have a particular law specifically defining and addressingtrafficking in persons. The paper aims to analyze how the Philippines has compliedwith the provisions of the UN Trafficking Protocol through the discussion of itsprovisions and the minimum standards stated in the related provisions of the USTrafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and the pertinent provisions of R.A.No. 9208 Philippine Law on Trafficking. The effectivity of the implementation ofthe Philippine Trafficking law as shown in the reports of the Inter-Agency CouncilAgainst Trafficking in Persons (IACAT) in the Philippines and the reports of theUS State Department shall also be discussed. The researcher analyzed descriptivelythe legal documents and data gathered. The results showed the Philippines has not been fully complying to the provisions and standards set forth in the UNTrafficking Protocol and the TVPA. It is therefore, necessary for the Philippinesto show not just efforts to eradicate trafficking but also take further action on the same.Keywords: Trafficking in persons laws, UN Trafficking Protocol, content analysis,Philippines
Convergence of Fraternities and Sororities: Finale of Campus Violence in a Public Asian University
Authors: SORIA JIMMY R. , JARAMILLA ALDRIN S. , DELA ROSA JOSELITO D.
Published: October 2014

Good governance addresses an issue on campus peace and security. Everybody isaware of rising incidence of campus violence and hooliganism brought by warring fraternities. The stakeholders especially the parents are much distressed over thiscampus disorder that they are in situations as to find an antidote in addressing thisconcern. This study was conducted to determine the potentials of these Greekletteredsocieties that can be tapped as partnersin institutional development.Theresearchersemployeddescriptivemethod using qualitativedesign. Documents were analyzed, and guide instrument was used to reach out key informants who were subjected to focus group discussion. Findings show that fraternities existed inthe campus, though operate underground because of lack of juridical identity. Therate of incidence on physical assault attributed to fraternities was high comparedwith the occurrence of a similar crime after they were recognized. Students gave varied explanations in joining these fraternities. Some favorably acknowledged itsimportance while others considered it as just another predicament. Their existencein the academic community is an intervening mechanism and developmentstrategy. It has to cast away that impression of being ambiguous in nature, insteadprove to be an instrument of promoting campus peace in the university.Keywords: Social science, fraternities, sororities, thematic analysis, descriptive design,Philippines
Fears, Aspirations, and Hopes: A Springboard of Life for Domestically Abused Children
Authors: Andacao Arvin , Lugo Maria Gloria , Pajo Danilo
Published: October 2014

The youth are the hope of the native land. Unfortunately, children in homes where there is domestic violence are more likely to be abused or neglected. This is one of the most prevalent and rampant quandaries in the society which requires critical attention of a victim. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the demographic profile, forge fears, aspirations and hopes as voices of domestically abused children and produce programs to possibly heal the victims. Guided by the qualitative research design and interpretative sociology orientation, the phenomenological approach was primarily used in the study. Information was generated by the researchers through in-depth interview, key informant interview, and focus group discussion utilizing self-made questionnaire. The findings revealed that 90 percent of informants were minor age, all female victims and suffered domestic abuse. The results on the fears, aspirations, and hopes as springboard of their existence showed positive indication with the victims to fulfill their desires. However, government and other support groups were hunted. Hence, the study concludes that aspirations and hopes were constant goal of the victims and their fears were poignant blueprint to their opening or preference of destiny. Further, this study identified various programs needed by the victims to completely attain their aspirations of life.Keywordsâ€” Â Social Sciences, domestic abuse, fears, aspirations, hopes, qualitative design, phenomenological approach, Philippines
Modes and emergent time scales of embayed beach dynamics
Authors: Ratliff Katherine M. , Murray A. Brad
Published: October 2014

In this study, we use a simple numerical model (the Coastline Evolution Model) to explore alongshore transport‐driven shoreline dynamics within generalized embayed beaches (neglecting cross‐shore effects). Using principal component analysis (PCA), we identify two primary orthogonal modes of shoreline behavior that describe shoreline variation about its unchanging mean position: the rotation mode, which has been previously identified and describes changes in the mean shoreline orientation, and a newly identified breathing mode, which represents changes in shoreline curvature. Wavelet analysis of the PCA mode time series reveals characteristic time scales of these modes (typically years to decades) that emerge within even a statistically constant white‐noise wave climate (without changes in external forcing), suggesting that these time scales can arise from internal system dynamics. The time scales of both modes increase linearly with shoreface depth, suggesting that the embayed beach sediment transport dynamics exhibit a diffusive scaling.
Characterization of seasonal and longitudinal variability of EEJ in the Indian region
Authors: Phani Chandrasekhar N. , Arora Kusumita , Nagarajan Nandini
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the seasonal and longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) based on geomagnetic variation data from two electrojet stations in the northern Indian Ocean at a longitudinal separation of ~15°: i.e., at 77°E and at 93°E. One complete year of data is used (i.e., from November 2011 to October 2012) at the two longitudes and compared with the climatological model of the equatorial electrojet (EEJM‐2.0). The results of our analysis show that (i) the monthly averaged hourly values of EEJ strength at 77°E and 93°E are overall in agreement with global characteristics of EEJ with significant departures over the year of study, (ii) the monthly average hourly daytime values at Campbell Bay and Vencode show poor correlation (r < 0.7) for 5 out of 10 months, (iii) comparison of observed EEJ strength at respective longitudes and the current densities derived from EEJM‐2.0 show overall agreement with significant differences for monthly mean hourly daytime values at respective longitudes, and (iv) day‐to‐day variability in noontime EEJ amplitudes between the two longitudes is >10 nT, >20 nT for 30% of quiet days, sorted by planetary index (Kp) <1 and <2. This variability is reflected in monthly average values (V) mechanisms for persistent differences in EEJ on day‐to‐day basis are sought from perturbation of westward ion drifts by neutral winds caused by the upward propagation of gravity waves from troposphere/stratosphere into the mesosphere. These mechanisms have been identified theoretically and experimentally. The four‐wave structure of ionospheric current densities obtained by EEJM‐2.0 and other contemporary models closely resembles atmospheric tidal signatures and has a common origin. The magnitude and persistence of these differences, at short spatial scales (15°), are significant observation. These effects are reflected in the monthly and seasonal signatures of EEJ and contribute to the contemporary models.
Cooling magma model for deep volcanic long‐period earthquakes
Authors: Aso Naofumi , Tsai Victor C.
Published: October 2014

Deep long‐period events (DLP events) or deep low‐frequency earthquakes (deep LFEs) are deep earthquakes that radiate low‐frequency seismic waves. While tectonic deep LFEs on plate boundaries are thought to be slip events, there have only been a limited number of studies on the physical mechanism of volcanic DLP events around the Moho (crust‐mantle boundary) beneath volcanoes. One reasonable mechanism capable of producing their initial fractures is the effect of thermal stresses. Since ascending magma diapirs tend to stagnate near the Moho, where the vertical gradient of density is high, we suggest that cooling magma may play an important role in volcanic DLP event occurrence. Assuming an initial thermal perturbation of 400°C within a tabular magma of half width 41 m or a cylindrical magma of 74 m radius, thermal strain rates within the intruded magma are higher than tectonic strain rates of ~ 10−14 s−1 and produce a total strain of 2 × 10−4. Shear brittle fractures generated by the thermal strains can produce a compensated linear vector dipole mechanism as observed and potentially also explain the harmonic seismic waveforms from an excited resonance. In our model, we predict correlation between the particular shape of the cluster and the orientation of focal mechanisms, which is partly supported by observations of Aso and Ide (2014). To assess the generality of our cooling magma model as a cause for volcanic DLP events, additional work on relocations and focal mechanisms is essential and would be important to understanding the physical processes causing volcanic DLP events.
The pronounced seasonality of global groundwater recharge
Authors: Jasechko Scott , Birks S. Jean , Gleeson Tom , Wada Yoshihide , Fawcett Peter J. , Sharp Zachary D. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2014

Groundwater recharged by meteoric water supports human life by providing two billion people with drinking water and by supplying 40% of cropland irrigation. While annual groundwater recharge rates are reported in many studies, fewer studies have explicitly quantified intra‐annual (i.e., seasonal) differences in groundwater recharge. Understanding seasonal differences in the fraction of precipitation that recharges aquifers is important for predicting annual recharge groundwater rates under changing seasonal precipitation and evapotranspiration regimes in a warming climate, for accurately interpreting isotopic proxies in paleoclimate records, and for understanding linkages between ecosystem productivity and groundwater recharge. Here we determine seasonal differences in the groundwater recharge ratio, defined here as the ratio of groundwater recharge to precipitation, at 54 globally distributed locations on the basis of 18O/16O and 2H/1H ratios in precipitation and groundwater. Our analysis shows that arid and temperate climates have wintertime groundwater recharge ratios that are consistently higher than summertime groundwater recharge ratios, while tropical groundwater recharge ratios are at a maximum during the wet season. The isotope‐based recharge ratio seasonality is consistent with monthly outputs from a global hydrological model (PCR‐GLOBWB) for most, but not all locations. The pronounced seasonality in groundwater recharge ratios shown in this study signifies that, from the point of view of predicting future groundwater recharge rates, a unit change in winter (temperate and arid regions) or wet season (tropics) precipitation will result in a greater change to the annual groundwater recharge rate than the same unit change to summer or dry season precipitation.
TiO2 Macroscopic Fibers with Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties Obtained through a Scale‐Up Semi‐Industrial Process
Authors: Kinadjian Natacha , Le Bechec Mickaël , Henrist Catherine , Prouzet Eric , Poulin Philippe , Neri Wilfrid , Lacombe Sylvie , Backov Rénal
Published: October 2014

We describe the generation and properties of TiO2‐based macroscopic fibers designed for the photodecomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOC). We made use of a continuous industrially scalable extrusion process employing hybrid sols of amorphous titania nanoparticles, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and optionally latex nanoparticles. This process allowed for the continuous generation of hybrid TiO2/latex/PVA or TiO2/PVA macroscopic fibers. Upon thermal treatment in air, we obtained biphasic porous fibers containing the anatase phase of TiO2 with 10–15% of brookite. These fibers, which can be manufactured as several hundred meters of length reels, provide significantly improved phototocatalytic efficiency compared to our previous work. Their efficiency is now comparable to the commercial Quartzel®PCO photocatalyst for gas‐phase acetone mineralization.
Oxidations of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols under Inductively‐Heated Flow Conditions with Gold‐Doped Superparamagnetic Nanostructured Particles as Catalyst and Oxygen as Oxidant
Authors: Chaudhuri Sangeeta Roy , Hartwig Jan , Kupracz Lukas , Kodanek Torben , Wegner Jens , Kirschning Andreas
Published: October 2014

A continuous flow protocol for the oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, using oxygen gas or atmospheric air is reported. The key features of this work are gold nanoparticles that are attached to the surface of nanostructured core shell particles composed of an Fe3O4‐containing core and a silica shell. These nanostructured particles exert superparamagnetic properties and thus inductively heat up in an external oscillating electromagnetic field, conditions under which the gold catalyst is able to perform these oxidation reactions.

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Enantioselective Michael/aza‐Michael/Cyclization Organocascade to Tetracyclic Spiroindolines: Concise Total Synthesis of Kopsinine and Aspidofractine
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Huang Jianbiao , Guo Beibei , Zhao Long , Liu Yong , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo
Published: October 2014

Kopsinine and related alkaloids are attractive synthetic targets because of their structural complexity and biological activities. An organocatalytic Michael addition/aza‐Michael addition/cyclization cascade sequence has been developed for the enantioselective preparation of tetracyclic spiroindolines from 2,3‐disubstituted indoles and propargyl aldehyde in moderate to good yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic value of these advanced structures has been demonstrated by the synthesis of kopsinine and related alkaloids. Key steps for the concise synthesis of these alkaloids included an efficient enantioselective construction of tetracyclic spiroindolines bearing a dienamino ester moiety and the organocatalyzed nucleophilic addition of a dienamino ester to acrolein.

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Thermal Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes from Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adduct‐Derived 4,4‐Diaryl‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Lim Jin Woo , Lee Junseung , Go Min Jeong , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2014

Various 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives were synthesized from Morita–Baylis–Hillman adduct‐derived 1,3‐dienes bearing a 4,4‐diaryl moiety through a thermal intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition approach. By using the same approach, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 3‐azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, and 3‐oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives could also be synthesized. A structurally similar dimethylallyl derivative underwent an intramolecular ene reaction to afford the pyrrolidine derivative.

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Enantioselective Protonation by Aza‐Michael Reaction between Pyrazoles and α‐Substituted Vinyl Ketones
Authors: Zhang Jianlin , Zhang Yulong , Liu Xiaohua , Guo Jing , Cao Weidi , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2014

An enantioselective protonation by means of chiral scandium complex‐catalyzed aza‐Michael reaction was realized. A series of α‐aryl‐substituted vinyl ketones reacted with pyrazoles smoothly, affording the corresponding enantiomerically enriched pyrazole derivatives with excellent results (up to 99% yield, 94% ee). Water and hydrogen chloride were found to accelerate the protonation process.

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