bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Split-night Temperatures, Light, and Chlormequat on Growth and Carbohydrate Status of Pelargonium × hortorum
Authors: White J. W. , Warrington I. J.
Published: August 2022

Seedlings (72 or 48 days old) of Pelargonium × hortorum cv. Red Elite were grown in 1 experiment from the 6th leaf stage in controlled-environment (CE) rooms at 4 temperatures, including 2 split-night (SN) regimes and at 3 daily-light integrals; in a 2nd experiment they were grown at 2 temperatures including one SN regime, at 3 daily-light integrals, and with and without chlormequat soil drench. Each of the 2 night-temperature periods were of equal duration in the SN regimes. Plants grown under the SN regimes were either similar in growth and reproductive development to plants grown under constant night conditions, where the temperature was the mean of the 2 SN temperatures, or were generally intermediate in growth and development to plants grown throughout the night at each of the 2 temperatures used in the SN regime. A daily mean temperature of 20°C compared to 16.8° or 18° reduced the time between the 6th leaf and macrobud visible stages by 8 days. Leaf starch and sugar levels decreased as mean daily temperatures increased, but increased as daily-light integrals increased. Drenches of (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) applied at the 6th leaf stage limited plant height and leaf area without influencing flowering date.
Response of Pot Chrysanthemum to Supplemental Irradiation during Rooting, Long Day, and Short Day Production Stages
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R.
Published: August 2022

Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat cv. Paragon plants were grown under supplemental irradiation from high-pressure sodium lamps during rooting, long day (LD), and short day (SD) production stages in all combinations. Plants which were rooted under supplemental irradiation had higher relative growth rates (RGR) and dry weight increments during that stage than nonirradiated controls. Supplemental irradiation similarly increased RGR and dry weight increments during LD and 5 weeks of SD. Root, top, and total dry weights at the end of the SD irradiation period showed a residual incremental effect of the LD treatment. Percentage of increases in dry weight increments due to supplemental irradiation were quite consistent between stages, whereas treatments had a greater effect on RGR during rooting and LD than during SD. The number of days to final harvest was reduced by supplemental irradiation during rooting and LD. The numbers of flowering stem breaks per pot, mean stem break length, and total plant dry weight were increased by supplemental irradiation at each stage. Those effects principally were additive. Flower dry weight per plant was increased significantly only by LD treatment. The benefits of supplemental irradiation during each production stage, and of combined treatments, are discussed in relation to operating costs.
Influence of Lime and Sulfur Soil Additions on Growth, Yield, and Leaf Nutrient Content of Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Spiers James M.
Published: August 2022

Varying levels of lime and/or elemental S were added to a Ruston fine sandy loam soil to determine the influence of soil pH on growth, fruit yields, and leaf nutrient (N) content of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Soil pH changes were monitored monthly from Oct. 1978 to Sept. 1980, and bimonthly from Oct. 1980 to Sept. 1982. Plant growth measurements were determined yearly. Plant growth and yields were reduced greatly in soils with pH < 3.5. Increasing levels of lime did not reduce fruit yields or plant growth as much as increasing S levels. Highest yields and best growth occurred in plants grown within a soil pH range of 3.9 to 6.1. Leaf N content increased as soil pH increased up to a level of 4.5 to 5.0 and then decreased with increased soil pH levels. Soil pH seems to have a greater influence on Ca uptake than does Ca addition to the soil. Excessive uptake of Na at high pH levels and Mn at low pH levels may be limiting factors in plant growth.
Description and Postharvest Physiology of Some Slow-ripening Nectarine Genotypes
Authors: Brecht Jeffrey K. , Kader Adel A. , Ramming David W.
Published: August 2022

The postharvest behavior of several slow-ripening nectarine genotypes that originated from ‘Fantasia’ was investigated. These fruit were firmer and greener than ‘Fantasia’, had higher phenolic compounds and soluble solids contents, a higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and equal or greater levels of total and reducing sugars. Changes in flesh color and firmness during storage were much slower than in ‘Fantasia’, but the rate of softening varied among the genotypes. Although all of the genotypes tested seemed to be climacteric-type fruit, the preclimacteric period at 20°C could exceed 1 month, and C2H4 production was much lower than in ‘Fantasia’. Application of C2H4 during the preclimacteric period stimulated respiration rates, with the maximum response occurring at 10 ppm. A 2nd application of C2H4 resulted in a 2nd increase in respiration, as with nonclimacteric fruit. Incidence of internal breakdown generally was severe compared to ‘Fantasia’ following 4 weeks of storage at 5°, although the genotype P19-11 appeared to be somewhat resistant to chilling injury.
Ethylene Production by Fruit of Some Slow-ripening Nectarine Genotypes
Authors: Brecht Jeffrey K. , Kader Adel A.
Published: August 2022

The relationship between the ripening behavior and C2H4 production of 4 slow-ripening nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] genotypes was investigated. While there was no change in C2H4 production and little ripening in fruit kept for one month in air at 20°C, continuous exposure to 1300 μl·liter−1 propylene (C3H6) stimulated ripening and C2H4 production in these genotypes. The concentration of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in freshly harvested fruit was less than 0.05 nmol·g−1 and rose 6- to 8-times during the rise in C2H4 production. ACC levels remained low in preclimacteric fruit of all genotypes except P19-70, in which ACC concentration increased without an accompanying increase in C2H4 production. Wounding had little effect on C2H4 production by these 4 genotypes, but addition of one mm ACC stimulated C2H4 production by tissue plugs 35 to 70 fold. Delaying the harvest by up to 6 weeks had no effect on fruit weight or firmness, but flesh color and pH increased while titratable acidity and soluble solids content decreased; the onset of C2H4 production during storage at 20° was advanced, while the ability to convert ACC to C2H4 declined. In no case did C2H4 production rates by these fruit reach the levels of normal nectarine genotypes. We conclude that these slow-ripening genotypes lack the capacity to produce normal C2H4 levels for nectarines.
Influence of Within-canopy Shading on Fruit Size, Shoot Growth, and Return Bloom in Kiwifruit
Authors: Grant J. A. , Ryugo K.
Published: August 2022

Fruit on shoots trained to grow above the main foliar canopy (exposed) of 6-year-old ‘pergola’-trained kiwifruit vines were significantly larger than fruit on shoots trained to grow below the canopy (shaded). Fruit size increased with seed number in both fruit groups, but fruit from exposed shoots were consistently larger than shade-grown fruit with the same seed count. Shade-grown shoots had smaller basal diameters and less dry matter than exposed shoots. Winter mortality among buds on formerly shaded and exposed shoots was 34% and 5%, respectively. Formerly shaded shoots had fewer mixed buds with less flowers per inflorescence than exposed shoots the following spring.
Leaf Area Development Patterns in Young Pruned and Unpruned Apple Trees
Authors: Lakso A. N.
Published: August 2022

Six-year-old ‘Empire’/Malling 7 (M7) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were left unpruned or pruned moderately during dormancy, and early-season leaf area development patterns were examined. Pruning markedly shifted leaf area distribution from spur to extension shoot. Leaf area at and shortly after bloom nearly doubled in the unpruned trees due to the increased percentage of the leaf area in rapidly developing spurs; however, the final total leaf areas were not affected significantly by the pruning. Leaf area development in all trees slowed dramatically around full bloom. Yields were reduced in the pruned trees primarily due to fewer flower clusters. Leaf areas per tree correlated well with percentage of sky values from fisheye photography.
Influence of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide and Ethylene on Respiration and Ethylene Production by Developing ‘Bartlett’ Pear Fruits1
Authors: Looney Norman E.
Published: August 2022

Ethylene-induced endogenous ethylene production was substantial in immature pear fruits, attaining a max rate in samples harvested 60 days after full bloom and declining thereafter. Ethylene production was not dependent on the occurrence of a respiratory climacteric nor related to the rate of respiration. Field applications of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) suppressed both ethylene production and fruit growth.
Propagation of Asparagus Through Shoot Apex Culture. I. Nutrient Medium for Formation of Plantlets1
Authors: Murashige T. , Shabde M. N. , Hasegawa P. M. , Takatori F. H. , Jones J. B.
Published: August 2022

A nutrient medium which enabled rapid formation of new spears and roots in shoot apices excised from buds as well as lateral branches of Asparagus officinalis L. spears was developed. This medium was composed of the following, in mg/1 : Murashige and Skoog’s inorganic salts; NAA, 0.3; kinetin, 0.1; thiamin·HC1, 1.0; pyridoxin·HCl, 5.0; nicotinic acid, 5.0; myo-inositol, 100; adenine sulfate·dihydrate, 40; sucrose, 25,000; Difco Bacto malt extract, 500; NaH2PO4·H2O, 170; and Difco Bacto agar, 6000. The shoot apices were cultured under 1000 lux Gro Lux or Plant Gro light and at constant 27°C. The explants were 0.15 mm in height and composed of the apical meristem plus a few visible subjacent primordial leaves. Within 6 weeks an avg of 80-90% of the cultures developed into miniature plants with several spears and roots. These plants, however, could not be transferred to soil with much success. The transfer necessitated further culture under another set of conditions, details of which are currently under investigation. The nutrient medium was inapplicable to shoot apex cultures of A. densiflora (Kunth) Jessop cv. Meyers, A. densiflora (Kunth) Jessop cv. Sprengeri, and, A. sarmentosus (Hort.).
Effect of Tree Spacing on Root Distribution of 9-Year Old ‘Washington’ Navel Oranges1
Authors: Kaufmann M. R. , Boswell S. B. , Lewis L. N.
Published: August 2022

The effect of tree spacing on the root distribution of 9-year old ‘Washington’ navel orange trees on ‘Troyer’ citrange rootstock was studied. Spacings ranged from 9 ft x 15 ft to 22 ft x 22 ft. Roots were washed from soil cores (3-ft deep, 4-inch diam) taken at 2-ft intervals along 2 transects, 1 across the row and 1 along the row and beneath an irrigation furrow. The distribution of both small roots (1.5 mm in diam or smaller) and large roots was affected by tree spacing and by location of the irrigation furrow. At close springs, many soil cores contained about 4 g dry wt of small roots, suggesting that the soil contained as many feeder roots as possible under those conditions. Wider spacings had fewer roots per core. Evidence suggests that considerable overlapping of root systems occurred at close spacings but not at the wider spacings. It is likely that root competition will limit yield during the next decade at the closer spacings, whereas considerable room for root growth exists at wide spacings.
Induction of Spur and Flower Bud Formation in Young Apple Trees with Chemical Growth Retardants1
Authors: Williams Max W.
Published: August 2022

The growth retardants 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) and succinic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) increase flower initiation in young apple trees. At comparable rates, ethephon is more effective than SADH. High rates of ethephon cause flower and fruit abscission. When ethephon was combined with SADH and applied 4 to 5 weeks after bloom, satisfactory promotion of flower bud formation was obtained with lower rates of each chemical with a min of undesirable side effects.
Distribution of Stomata and Epicuticular Wax on Oranges as Related to Stem End Rind Breakdown and Water Loss1
Authors: Albrigo L. Gene
Published: August 2022

Upon microscopic examination, no stomata were found within 3 mm of the button in an area typically immune to stem end rind breakdown. Stomata outlined the oil glands 7 to 10 mm from the button in peel susceptible to this disorder. Heavy deposits of epicuticular wax were also found in the area void of stomata. Total epicuticular wax was inversely correlated to postharvest wt loss of ‘Valencia’ oranges (r2 = 0.94). A 1-min petroleum ether extraction of soft wax components increased wt loss 66% over washed-only fruit and resulted in etched patterns in the wax platelets suggesting that the soft and hard waxes are not uniformly mixed. A 1-min wax extraction with CCL4 : hexane (1 : 1 v/v) removed 85.6% of the surface wax and increased wt loss to 3 times that of the washed-only fruit over 24- and 48-hr time periods.
Ethylene-Induced Carotenoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit Rinds1
Authors: Young Roger , Jahn Otto
Published: August 2022

Citrus trees were sprayed with ethephon when the fruit were mature but still green or partially degreened. Harvested fruit that were mature and partially or fully degreened were held in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm ethylene for 5 to 9 days. One preharvest ethephon spray hastened carotenoid accumulation in rinds of green ‘Nova’ tangerines, partially degreened ‘Robinson’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines, and fully degreened ‘Robinson’ tangerines, but was not effective on green ‘Bearss’ lemons and partially degreened ‘Hamlin’ oranges. Effective concn varied between 50 and 500 ppm and with the cultivar evaluated. Two 500-ppm ethephon sprays, applied 2 weeks apart, hastened carotenoid accumulation in rinds of partially degreened ‘Hamlin’ oranges and ‘Robinson’ tangerines. Postharvest-ethylene treatment induced carotenoid accumulation in rinds of partially degreened ‘Bearss’ lemons and ‘Lee’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines and degreened ‘Robinson’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines. Tangerines showed greater ethylene-induced increases in rind carotenoids than did ‘Hamlin’ oranges and ‘Bearss’ lemons. Fruit which had higher rind carotenoid contents as a result of ethylene or ethephon application had better visible external color.
Chlormequat Drench and Spray Applications to Poinsettias1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Vines H. M.
Published: August 2022

Chlormequat (Cycocel, CCC) sprays and drench reduced plant height of poinsettias. Sprays of 5000 ppm were most effective with 25% reduction after 32 days followed by 3000 ppm - 18%, 1000 ppm - 17%, and 5000 ppm drench 12%. Appearance as indicated by chlorophyll analyses and chlorosis ratings was most seriously affected by sprays of 5000 ppm followed by 3000 ppm. The spray application of 1000 ppm and drench of 5000 ppm showed no deleterious effect to appearance. High fertilizer rates stimulated chlorophyll regeneration following spray applications of chlormequat partially overcoming the induced chlorosis. Nitrogen and K in leaf tissue increased in all treatments as fertilizer of that mixture was increased but P decreased.
Interaction of Gibberellin and SADH on Growth and Sex Expression of Muskmelon1
Authors: Rudich J. , Halevy A. H. , Kedar N.
Published: August 2022

The interaction of the gibberellins GA3 and GA4+7 with SADH on growth and sex expression was tested on andromonoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Ananas PMR). SADH effectively reduced internode length and increased female tendency of plants. GA4+7 had an opposite effect on both growth and sex expression. GA3 was much less effective in both respects. The growth regulators were mutually antagonistic when plants were treated with both GA and SADH. The endogenous level of gibberellin decreased in SADH-treated plants 2 and 7 days after treatment. Gibberellin content reached the level of untreated plants 2 weeks after treatment, some time before the growth retarding effect of SADH treatment disappeared. These results indicate that the effect of its effect on the endogenous levels of gibberellin.
Anthocyanins of Ripe Fruit of a “Pink-Fruited” Hybrid of Highbush Blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L.1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness Eleanor P. , Galletta G. J. , Kushman L. J.
Published: August 2022

A pink (whitish)-fruited blueberry seedling that appeared in a hybrid highbush blueberry progeny in North Carolina is described. The major anthocyanins (Acy) detected in this seedling were arabinosides and galactosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The pink seedling had the same 15 possible combinations of 5 aglycones and 3 sugars previously reported for the normally blue-fruited cv. Croatan, but in smaller quantities. Total Acy contents of the pink seedling and 9 siblings ranged from 2.5 (pink fruit) to 49 (blue fruit) mg/10-g fruit. Acy content among the different clones was independent of berry pH, acidity (Ac), soluble solids (SS), or SS/Ac ratio. One hundred and seventy-five seedlings in this same progeny were scored for maximum berry color development. The results suggest that Acy expression is dependent on 1 or 2 major genes and that Acy content may be quantitatively inherited. For cultivars whose fruits are normally blue, the commercial use of blue fruit color as the major criterion of marketability (ripeness) may not be valid since color development is not necessarily related to berry ripeness and quality.
Leaf Mineral Composition, of 5 Citrus Cultivars Grown on Sour Orange and Rough Lemon Rootstocks1
Authors: Sharples G. C. , Hilgeman R. H.
Published: August 2022

Leaves from ‘Washington’ navel and ‘Valencia’ oranges, ‘Dancy’ and ‘Kinnow’ mandarins and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit were analyzed for 5 years. Significant differences between cultivars were found for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe levels but not for Zn, Cu and Mn. Concentrations of the potentially toxic elements, Na, Cl, B, and Li, were significantly different at low non-toxic levels. Lowest values occurred in oranges and highest in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit. Compared with rough lemon, sour orange rootstock decreased N in ‘Valencia’, increased K in ‘Kinnow’ and increased Ca and decreased Mn, Na, B and Li in all cultivars. There were wide annual variations in N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu levels in all cultivars.
An Analysis of Illocutionary Acts in Beauty Product Advertisements in Television Broadcast
Authors: Saputri Nurul Intan , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin , Alek Alek , Eviyuliwati Ismalianing
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, advertising is no stranger to the wider community. We can commonly find advertisements through several media such as television, radio, magazines, billboards, and even YouTube. The present study attempts to investigate the type of illocutionary acts used in beauty product advertisement utterances in television broadcasts. The significance is to enrich the literature on speech acts used by advertisers, especially illocutionary acts in beauty products. This research's main data were several advertisements utterances of beauty products, such as shampoo advertisements, cosmetic advertisements, facial wash advertisements, and other related beauty advertisement products. Further, the data were described by a descriptive study.  In addition, data were gathered by downloading the advertisement from YouTube and taking note the conversation to analyse the utterances used in the advertisements. Furthermore, the data were analysed based on context advertisement utterances in the form of conversations on television broadcast and classified the utterances using the theory proposed by Searle about types of illocutionary act. There are five types of illocutionary by Searle: declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commissive. Above all, the findings showed that the assertive function dominates in beauty advertisements and commissive is the type rarely used in beauty product advertisements.
Encouraging Autonomous English Learning in Overcrowded Online Class of Elementary School during Pandemic
Authors: Putra Misbachuddin Akbar
Published: August 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, most schools have been closed by the government to prevent Coronavirus spread. It mandates students to learn and teachers to teach from home. This condition is also illustrated in the English classes for the first, second, and third grades of SDN Sedatigede 1. With more than 80 students in one class, it can be assumed that each English session is overcrowded. A pupil may have a slim chance to learn with a teacher’s guidance in an overcrowded class. Therefore, this analysis attempts to discover a way for students to learn a language independently using language learning program accessible on the internet. This research then reveals three language learning services believed to be suitable for elementary school students. From these results, this study provides solutions for the teachers to motivate their students to apply these resources for learning English autonomously and with minimal teacher guidance. Further research is required to find autonomous learning ways in offline media for students with no access to the internet and proper ways for teachers to fulfil their role as a motivator in this pandemic era.
Translation Quality Analysis of Cultural Words in Translated Tourism Promotional Text of Central Java
Authors: Pratama Aditiya Aziz , Ramadhan Taufiq Brahmantyo Lintang , Elawati Frydha Novi , Nugroho Raden Arief
Published: August 2022

One of the key aspects of successful in availability of tourism promotional text (TPT) that enables tourists to understand fully tourism destinations in area. Because each region has a different culture, tourism promotional text (TPT) is very much needed for the convenience of tourists who visit Indonesia. The Government already provides it with 2 languages, Indonesian and English. But most of TPT in Indonesia are Indonesian to English translations. There must be an assurance whether tourists can comprehend cultural aspects that usually become untranslatable items. Mostly untranslatable aspects such as traditional food, traditional ceremonies, traditional objects and place names are not translated or use the original sentence. This problem really needs attention because it really affects the tourists who read TPT. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the translation quality of cultural words in translated TPT of Central Java. This paper also explains how to use translation for cultural words in TPT correctly, so the text can be useful for the tourist. In order to achieve this aim, the authors used descriptive qualitative research along with the utilization of Katan and Nababan techniques of data collection and analysis. The findings show that most cultural words in TPT used environment type based on Katan’s theory (2009). For the accuracy, it’s shows that most of them are less accurate based on Nababan’s theory (2012). 
Telegram as Social Networking Service (SNS) For Enhancing Students’ English: A Systematic Review
Authors: Citrawati Ni Kadek , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa , Artini Ni Nyoman , Dantes Gede Rasben
Published: August 2022

Social Networking Services (SNS) has become part of English learning, providing educators and students with free service and wide usage applicable to synchronous and asynchronous instruction. This study intended to critically review previous studies on the use of Telegram as one of the SNS platforms for enhancing students' reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. Following George’s (2008) Literature Reviews model, 20 manuscripts were reviewed. The selection was taken from reputable International Journals indexed by Scopus quartile 1, 2, and 3, published between 2016-2020. It was revealed that Telegram is argued to have positively affect the students' four language skills in learning English. Telegram is claimed to benefit the students in terms of vocabulary, reading comprehension, content, and organization in writing, grammar, language style, pronunciation, and listening comprehension. Experts highlighted the relaxed and informal nature of Telegram as SNS to be one of the main factors that contributed positively to students' reduced anxiety and raised motivation in learning. Reflecting on those positive effects of Telegram on students' scholastics progress, the present study implies that Telegram may be an alternative for online learning and extensive learning of English.
Are you Covidient or Covidiot?: A Linguistic Landscape Study on COVID-19 flyer in Pasuruan District
Authors: Insyirah Athala , Sudarwati Emy
Published: August 2022

Although previous studies on linguistics landscape are quite numerous in number, linguistics landscape issue in relation to the COVID-19 flyer is still untouched. The current study aims to shed a light on the phenomenon of multilingualism on the linguistics landscape in relation to the COVID-19 flyer in Pasuruan district. This study focuses on the usage of language on the COVID-19 flyer in Pasuruan, the impression of society regarding this linguistics signs, and the preference of linguistics signs used on the COVID-19 flyer. The research was done by capturing all linguistics signs related to COVID-19 in Pasuruan district to be analyzed in terms of its type. The researchers also distributed the online questionnaire via social media to get the society’s perception regarding the COVID-19 linguistics sign found in flyers and to get some information regarding the preferred language used on the flyers. It was revealed that monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual signs appear on COVID-19 flyers. In addition, the majority of society views positively the multilingualism phenomena on the COVID-19 flyer as it serves as intelligible, educational, and effective means of campaign to halt the spread of the virus. All in all, both Bahasa Indonesia–English are favorable languages to be used to deliver messages related to COVID-19 issue.
Novice Teachers and Native-Speakerism: Identity Recognition on Teacher for English as An International Language
Authors: Dewi Intan Pratidina , Muslim Ahmad Bukhori , Sudana Dadang
Published: August 2022

The study aims to explore three novice teachers' perception towards English native-speakerism for the exploration of English as an International Language (EIL). The concern towards English native-speakerism, preferring the English variations from its native background, in the practice of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) has become the central issue, especially in Indonesia. It is not aligned with the idea of EIL which foster the process of producing competent users of English through the inclusion of local cultural-based items. The case study design will be utilized in the research using the pre-interview, document analysis, and post-interview as the instrument for data collection of novice teachers' perception of local and nativized exposure. The study discovers that all collaborated novice teachers set an agreement to support the local cultural-based inclusion in practice yet support the inclusion of standardized English for teaching pattern and pronunciation. The findings show how the teachers have acknowledged the inclusion of local exposure to maximize the endeavor for students to be competent users of English. The discussion still relies on making the local cultural-based items in teaching practices viable and proposes Englishes in the teaching to lessen the native-speakerism.
A Comparative Study of American and Moroccan University Students’ Perception of Academic Writing
Authors: Hellalet Nadia
Published: August 2022

The study attempts to investigate native speakers’ and non-native speakers’ perceptions of writing quality. Thirty-seven American freshmen students and forty Moroccan semester two students participated in the study. An email interview was used to explore the similarities and differences between the students’ views on what makes good academic writing. Both American and Moroccan Students were asked about the different features of academic writing that can contribute to its quality. The research findings revealed that most of the American students focused on the content of the paper. They stated that it should be exciting and engaging. It should also have depth and grab the reader’s attention. Many of them mentioned the reader in their responses. They noted that writing should be easy to read and respond to the readers’ expectations. On the other hand, Moroccan students focused on the form of paper, including language and conventions. They put correct grammar and vocabulary on top of their list. Good writing style, good sentence structure, spelling, punctuation, simple language, and coordination are necessary elements. The study has pedagogical implications that can benefit writing teachers.
Technology-Enhanced Paraphrasing Tool to Improve EFL Students’ Writing Achievement and Enjoyment
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti , Anam Syafi'ul
Published: August 2022

The issue of plagiarism and EFL students’ difficulties in writing course appeared to be still the challenging task for teachers. Various efforts in order to increase students’ competence in producing a decent writing production are still fascinating until the present time. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine whether the use of Technology-Enhance Paraphrasing Tool (TEPT) can improve EFL students’ writing performance. Additionally, the way the students react emotionally towards the use of TEPT in writing class, especially in paraphrasing activities was also measured to by the use of Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) questionnaire. Paired sample t-test was employed to 48 students from English Department at one of Private Universities in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The findings showed that there was a significant effect towards the use of TEPT in writing class to improve EFL students writing achievement. In addition, all of the students performed positive emotions during the implementations of TEPT in writing class where the results from FLE questionnaire indicated that the students enjoy and being motivated in joining the writing class. Pedagogical implication of the research also discussed further in this article.
“Why You Gotta Be So Rude?”: The Transformation of Indonesian’s Taboo Words into English
Authors: Ma'shumah Nadia Khumairo , Syamsi Arif Nur , Sianipar Isra Framitha , Nur Muhammad Rauuf Oktavian
Published: August 2022

In translation practice, the quality of the translated manuscript is influenced by the translators’ competencies by bringing culture, languages, social life, and language psychology (psycholinguistics) into account. Thus, the rendering process of taboo words frequently poses problems in translation. This study aimed at probing the emergence and transformation of taboo words as the impact of the translation of Indonesian novels to English. This study used two material objects. They were an original Indonesian novel, ‘Cantik Itu Luka’ (CIL, 2020/2002 by Eka Kurniawan published by PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama as the Source Text (ST) and its English translation entitled ‘Beauty is A Wound’ (BIAW, 2015) translated by Annie Tucker published by Pushkin Press as the Target Text (TT). In conducting this research, researchers were stepping on Slamia (2020) on taboo words classification and Ávila-Cabrera (2015) on the tension of taboo loads for detecting taboo words transformation. Meanwhile, data were generated using documentation techniques through content analysis and scrutinized using descriptive-qualitative methods. This study led to conclusions that the transformations of taboo words were manifested and reflected by toning up or increasing, toning down or decreasing, maintaining, neutralizing, as well as omitting the SL’s taboo word in the TL. Therefore, we also found through the findings that the concept of transformation is not always appropriate for translation due to the deviation of meanings and references as taboo words in the literary text were rich in aesthetic and poetic values. These findings indicate that although translators have the authority to carry out the transformation, it was not always appropriate to be used in some contexts
Comparison of $pp$ and $p \bar{p}$ differential elastic cross sections and observation of the exchange of a Colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound
Authors: Royon Christoph
Published: August 2022

We describe the discovery of the colorless
CC-odd
gluonic compound, the odderon, by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations by
comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in
pppp
and p \bar{p}pp‾
interactions at high energies.
Intermittency Analysis of Toy Monte Carlo Events
Authors: Sharma Sheetal , Gupta Ramni
Published: August 2022

Event-by-event intermittency analysis of Toy Monte Carlo events is
performed in the scenario of high multiplicity events as is the case at
recent colliders RHIC and LHC for AA collisions. A power law behaviour
of Normalized Factorial Moments (NFM), F_{q}Fq
as function of number of bins (MM)
known as intermittency, is a signature of self-similar fluctuations.
Dependence of NFM on the detector efficiencies and on the presence of
fluctuations have been studied. Results presented here provide a
baseline to the experimental results and clarity on the application of
efficiency corrections to the experimental data.
The QCD Equation of State in Small Systems
Authors: Horowitz William , Rothkopf Alexander
Published: August 2022

We present first results on finite system size corrections to the equation of state, trace anomaly, and speed of sound for two model systems: 1) free, massless scalar theory and 2) quenched QCD with periodic boundary conditions (PBC). We further present work-in-progress results for quenched QCD with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Hadron structure from basis light-front quantization
Authors: Mondal Chandan , Lan Jiangshan , Fu Kaiyu , Xu Siqi , Hu Zhi , Zhao Xingbo , Vary James P.
Published: August 2022

We present our recent progress in applying basis light-front quantization approach to investigate the structure of the light mesons and the nucleon.
Modern principles and prospects for drug therapy of interstitial lung diseases in children
Authors: Lev N. S. , Mizernitsky Yu. L.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the principles of therapy and prospects for the treatment of interstitial lung diseases in children. Many of interstitial lung diseases occur with progressive fibrosis, so the use of new antifibrotic drugs is especially relevant now. These drugs include pirfenidone and nintedanib. Therapy of interstitial lung diseases using antifibrotic drugs in children is a promising new direction.
Customer satisfaction with digital banking channels in times of uncertainty
Authors: Harb Atef , Thoumy Mira , Yazbeck Michel
Published: August 2022

The unprecedented Lebanese economic crisis and the global COVID-19 pandemic have taken their toll on the Lebanese banking sector. This led to the need to investigate this sector in times of dire uncertainty by highlighting six digital banking channels offered by Lebanese banks. This study reveals how the banking industry has adapted to this novel situation by embracing dynamic technological changes to attain higher levels of customer satisfaction with digital banking channels (DBCs). Consequently, the study investigates the extent of DBC adoption, their usage benefits, the resulting service quality, and their aggregate impact on overall customer satisfaction with DBCs. The study measures customer satisfaction with digital technologies implemented in Lebanese banks during the most unstable period of Lebanese history. This study supported the deductive approach generating significantly interesting results by analyzing Spearman’s correlations regarding DBC adoption and investigating customer satisfaction levels with DBCs showing satisfactory results such as high correlation for mobile banking adoption (0.544), internet banking (0.533), transactional call center (0.528) followed by ATM (0.455). A multiple linear regression study found a positive relationship between DBC adoption in Lebanese banks and overall customer satisfaction with DBCs with an adjusted R-squared value of 0.454 for DBC benefits and an adjusted R-squared value of 0.802 for DBC service quality in Lebanese banks on their customer satisfaction.The final conclusion is that banks should invest in DBCs and develop them as they are the major determinants leading to improved customer satisfaction through higher adoption/diversification rates, improved service quality levels and greater benefits.
Racismo e Direito na literatura contemporânea: Espaço de fala e concreção da cidadania
Authors: Nunes Danilo Henrique , Netto Carlos Eduardo Montes , Santos Coelho Nuno Manuel Morgadinho
Published: August 2022

As práticas e manifestações racistas foram concebidas e normalizadas ao longo da histórica brasileira, repercutindo, inclusive, no âmbito cultural, fazendo-se presente em músicas, produções audiovisuais e também na Literatura. O presente estudo busca aprofundar a relação entre o racismo e o Direito na Literatura contemporânea, vislumbrando os espaços para a pluralidade literária e para a inclusão de autores negros na Sociedade da Informação, repercutindo o enfoque do contexto contemporâneo para a concreção da cidadania sob a perspectiva decolonial. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico buscando o aprofundamento da temática. Nesse sentido, foi possível considerar, por fim, que, ao coexistir na literatura o racismo estrutural, faz-se necessário que novos caminhos, baseados na visão decolonialista, abram-se para que, na contemporaneidade, os negros protagonizem seus feitos reais.
A tutela do direito à privacidade nas sociedades de alvos direcionados
Authors: Mazetto Corazza Thais Aline , Gonçalves Ribeiro Daniela Menengoti , De Ávila Gustavo Noronha
Published: August 2022

O tema do presente artigo é os direitos da personalidade, com ênfase especial no direito à privacidade no contexto da sociedade da informação e da vigilância. O método utilizado para a pesquisa será hipotético-dedutivo, uma vez que partiremos de premissas gerais que possam ser aplicadas a situações concretas. Será analisado qual dos direitos da personalidade foi o mais atingido diretamente pelas novas tecnologias, e, após, verifica-se os novos problemas que se agregaram à tais direitos para se chegar à possibilidade ou não de uma tutela transversal (em âmbitos nacional e internacional e de dimensões verticais e complementares). A abordagem de pesquisa será dedutiva e a técnica empregada será bibliográfica. Como resultado verificou-se que, com especial destaque, o direito à privacidade foi o mais afetado. Ademais, na sociedade de alvos direcionados, na qual os aparatos técnicos tomam decisões independentemente do controle humano, a mera singularidade de um caminho passou a ser considerada uma atividade suspeita. A automatização, por si só, não é automática. Assim, a resposta para essas indagações deve sempre levar em consideração os efeitos considerados indesejados ou imprevistos e que frequentemente são consequências da análise incompleta ou parcial das tecnologias às quais se pretende recorrer, resguardando o respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana, à identidade pessoal e aos princípios da finalidade e da proporcionalidade, posto que somente por razões sociais extremamente fortes pode-se justificar o uso de recursos decorrentes das novas tecnologias, nunca por mera conveniência econômica ou de organização. Os recentes artifícios tecnológicos não podem servir para determinar estereótipos em massa, devendo seu uso ser acompanhado de instrumentos de controle adequado e de confiança do próprio sujeito interessado.
Do reconhecimento da autodeterminação informativa como direito da personalidade e do princípio da segurança
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Santos de Moraes Fausto Santos de Moraes , Plaza Tena Lucimara
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é o estudo da autodeterminação informativa e o seu reconhecimento material como direito da personalidade analisado sob o viés do princípio da segurança. O atual desenvolvimento tecnológico traz benefícios à coletividade, contudo se observa que o indivíduo se tornou o produto da Sociedade da Informação, e isso viola o princípio do livre-desenvolvimento da personalidade da pessoa natural, o que justifica a presente investigação. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, e a hipótese testada é se o direito à autodeterminação informativa é suficiente para garantir o livre-desenvolvimento da personalidade em um contexto de sociedade instrumentalizada por dados. A metodologia concentra-se na revisão bibliográfica de doutrina, legislação, artigos científicos, consulta a sites de órgãos oficiais e notícias publicadas na mídia. Os resultados alcançados mostram que a autodeterminação informativa é um direito que, para concretização, exige elementos que lhe sustentem. A conclusão identifica que o princípio da segurança é um desses baluartes a ponto de se tornar a condição sine qua non para a efetivação do direito à autodeterminação informativa. O artigo apresenta sugestões para o fortalecimento dessa rede de apoio.
Interpretação da prisão em segunda instância no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal: Limites e possibilidades
Authors: Nóbrega Barbosa Ana Beatriz , Wanderley César Segundo Breno , De Souza Melo Filho Aécio
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo objetiva interpretar o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) quanto à prisão penal em segunda instância, a partir dos marcos: Habeas Corpus (HC) 84.078-7/MG; Habeas Corpus (HC) 126.292/SP e Ações Declaratórias de Constitucionalidade (ADCs) 43, 44 e 54. Para tal intento, utilizou-se o método dedutivo abordando discussões doutrinárias e legais acerca da força normativa e suprema da Constituição, do garantismo penal e do princípio da presunção de inocência. Constata-se que a prisão em segunda instância, salvo nos casos de prisão cautelar, afronta o princípio constitucional da presunção de inocência, o qual deve perdurar durante todo o processo, até o trânsito em julgado. Por outro lado, a constante alteração do entendimento sobre o assunto pelo STF provoca insegurança jurídica, fragilizando o próprio texto constitucional. Compreende-se, portanto, a ocorrência do ativismo judicial quando a Corte adentra na função típica do poder Legislativo a fim de conferir novo significado para o trânsito em julgado e para a presunção de inocência.
Examination of Teaching Practices in Inclusive Classrooms: The Case of Middle School Mathematics Teachers
Authors: KASAP ERDAL Derya , YAZGAN SAĞ Gönül , ARGÜN Ziya
Published: August 2022

Introduction: A sizable portion of inclusion students are those with special learning difficulties. Inclusion classrooms should strive to provide the least restrictive learning environment possible in order to help students with particular learning difficulties achieve the best results in inclusion classes. To provide this least restrictive educational environment, various teaching practices and adaptations are required. The aim of this study was to examine in detail how middle school mathematics teachers who have students with special learning disabilities in their classrooms apply their teaching practices and adaptations as well as to demonstrate how they carry out these activities.Method: This qualitative research, that is among case study designs, was designed as an embedded multi-case study research. Three math teachers who teach mathematics in a sixth-grade inclusion class participated in the study. The study's data were collected by using demographic data forms, interview forms, and observation forms created by the researchers. Descriptive analysis, one of the analysis techniques used in qualitative research, was used to examine the raw data. Findings: The results of the study revealed that math teachers used a variety of teaching strategies and adaptations in relation to the curriculum, instructional strategies, instructional materials, teaching groups, instructional homework, the development of learning skills, the improvement of behavior, and the facilitation of the monitoring of progress (evaluation). Discussion: According to the study, teachers primarily followed rules and regulations when working on curriculum and evaluation projects. This study, therefore, recommends that due consideration should be given to all practices and modifications in the teaching process, aside from those that are related to the curriculum and evaluation.
Expanding Arsenal against Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Quercetin
Based Nanoformulations: Breakthroughs and Bottlenecks
Authors: Vishwas Sukriti , Kumar Rajesh , Khursheed Rubiya , Ramanunny Arya Kadukkattil , Kumar Rajan , Awasthi Ankit , Corrie Leander , Porwal Omji , Arshad Mohammed F. , Alshammari Mohammed Kanan , Alghitran Abdulrahman A. , Qumayri Ashwaq N. , Alkhaldi Saif M. , Alshammari Abdulaziz Khalaf , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Collet Trudi , Adams Jon , Dua Kamal , Gulati Monica , Singh Sachin Kumar
Published: August 2022

Quercetin (Qu), a dietary flavonoid, is obtained from many fruits and vegetables such as
coriander, broccoli, capers, asparagus, onion, figs, radish leaves, cranberry, walnuts, and citrus
fruits. It has proven its role as a nutraceutical owing to numerous pharmacological effects against
various diseases in preclinical studies. Despite these facts, Qu and its nanoparticles are less explored
in clinical research as a nutraceutical. The present review covers various neuroprotective actions of
Qu against various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s,
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A literature search was conducted to systematically review
the various mechanistic pathways through which Qu elicits its neuroprotective actions and the challenges
associated with raw Qu that compromise therapeutic efficacy. The nanoformulations developed
to enhance Qu’s therapeutic efficacy are also covered. Various ongoing/completed clinical trials
related to Qu in treating various diseases, including NDs, are also tabulated. Despite these many
successes, the exploration of research on Qu-loaded nanoformulations is limited mostly to preclinical
studies, probably due to poor drug loading and stability of the formulation, time-consuming
steps involved in the formulation, and their poor scale-up capacity. Hence, future efforts are required
in this area to reach Qu nanoformulations to the clinical level.