bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Yataprasen Thai Traditional Formulary and Its Active Compounds, Beta-Amyrin and Stigmasterol, in RAW264.7 and THP-1 Cells
Authors: Angsusing Jaenjira , Singh Sudarshan , Samee Weerasak , Tadtong Sarin , Stokes Leanne , O’Connell Maria , Bielecka Hanna , Toolmal Nopparut , Mangmool Supachoke , Chittasupho Chuda
Published: August 2024

Yataprasen (YTPS) remedy formulary, a national Thai traditional medicine formulary, comprises 13 herbal plants. It has been extensively prescribed to relieve osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal pain in the Thai traditional medicine healthcare system. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the bioactive compounds (β-amyrin and stigmasterol) of YTPS remedy formulary ethanolic extract, along with its composition. The YTPS formulary extract contains 70.30 nM of β-amyrin and 605.76 nM of stigmasterol. The YTPS formulary extract exhibited ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 144.50 ± 2.82 and 31.85 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract of YTPS at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL showed a significant (p < 0.01) anti-inflammatory effect, mainly by reducing IL-6 and TNF-α release in response to LPS. NO production was prominently lowered by 50% at 24.76 ± 1.48 µg/mL, 55.52 ± 24.40 µM, and more than 570 µM of YTPS formulary extract, β-amyrin, and stigmasterol, respectively. Major components of YTPS, β-amyrin, and stigmasterol exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α secretion in THP-1 cells. Our findings suggest that the ethanolic extract from YTPS holds promise as an alternative topical treatment for osteoarthritis and inflammatory disorders, potentially with fewer side effects than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).
Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy of Bioceramic Implants Functionalized with Ciprofloxacin: An In Silico and In Vitro Study
Authors: Văruț Renata-Maria , Rotaru Luciana Teodora , Cimpoesu Diana , Corlade Mihaela , Singer Cristina Elena , Popescu Alin Iulian Silviu , Popescu Cristina , Iulian-Nicolae Iliescu , Mocanu Adriana , Popescu Mihaela , Butoi Mihai Alexandru , Nicolaescu Oana Elena
Published: August 2024

This study explores the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin-functionalized bioceramic implants. We synthesized hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin (HACPXCS) composites and applied them to titanium substrates (Ti-HA-CPX), evaluating their performance in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while cytotoxicity was tested using mesenchymal stem cells. The results demonstrated that Ti-HA-CPX exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 33.5 mm (MIC 0.5 µg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and 27.5 mm (MIC 0.25 µg/mL) for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). However, Ti-HA-CPX showed moderate cytotoxicity (80% cell viability). HACPXCS composites, whether chemically synthesized or mechanically mixed (HACPXMM), also displayed significant antibacterial activity, but with cytotoxicity ranging from low to moderate levels. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong binding affinities between ciprofloxacin and bacterial proteins, correlating with enhanced antibacterial efficacy. These findings suggest that Ti-HA-CPX composites offer a promising approach for single-stage surgical interventions in treating chronic osteomyelitis and infected fractures, balancing antibacterial effectiveness with manageable cytotoxicity.
Novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cell Compounds: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Guo Shanchun , Zheng Shilong , Liu Mingli , Wang Guangdi
Published: August 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a significant ability to renew themselves, which gives them a strong capacity to form tumors and expand to encompass additional body areas. In addition, they possess inherent resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapies used to treat many forms of cancer. Scientists have focused on investigating the signaling pathways that are highly linked to the ability of CSCs to renew themselves and maintain their stem cell properties. The pathways encompassed are Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, STAT3, NF-κB, PI-3K/Akt/mTOR, sirtuin, ALDH, MDM2, and ROS. Recent studies indicate that directing efforts towards CSC cells is essential in eradicating the overall cancer cell population and reducing the likelihood of tumor metastasis. As our comprehension of the mechanisms that stimulate CSC activity, growth, and resistance to chemotherapy advances, the discovery of therapeutic drugs specifically targeting CSCs, such as small-molecule compounds, holds the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy. This review article examines and analyzes the novel anti-CSC compounds that have demonstrated effective and selective targeting of pathways associated with the renewal and stemness of CSCs. We also discussed their special drug metabolism and absorption mechanisms. CSCs have been the subject of much study in cancer biology. As a possible treatment for malignancies, small-molecule drugs that target CSCs are gaining more and more attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of key small-molecule compounds, summarizes their recent developments, and anticipates the future discovery of even more potent and targeted compounds, opening up new avenues for cancer treatment.
From Ficus recemosa Leaf Galls to Therapeutic Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications
Authors: Sabira Ovungal , Drisya Nedumbayil , Ajaykumar Anthyalam Parambil , Mathew Asok , Narayanan Jayaraj Kodangattil , Binitha Valiyaparambil Sivadasan , Zeena Koladath Vasu , Roy Kanakkassery Balan , Janish Pandikkadan Ayyappan , Sheena Padannappurath , Viswanathan Kaladharan Perumpaparampil
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using environmentally friendly methods has become increasingly important due to its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates the green synthesis of AgNPs using gall extracts from the plant Ficus recemosa, known for its high phytochemical content. The formation of AgNPs was verified through multiple analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV-Vis spectroscopy results displayed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak indicative of AgNP formation. FTIR analysis revealed specific interactions between silver ions and phytochemicals in the gall extract, while TEM images confirmed the nanoscale morphology and size of the synthesized particles. Zeta potential and DLS analyses provided insights into the stability and size distribution of the AgNPs, demonstrating good colloidal stability. Biological properties of the AgNPs were assessed through various assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showing significant inhibitory effects. The anticancer potential was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay on Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells, revealing considerable cytotoxicity. Additionally, antimitotic activity was studied in the dividing root cells of Allium cepa, where the AgNPs significantly inhibited cell division. This research highlights the effective use of F. recemosa gall extracts for the green synthesis of AgNPs, presenting an eco-friendly approach to producing nanoparticles with strong antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimitotic properties. The promising results suggest potential applications of these biogenic AgNPs in medical and agricultural sectors, paving the way for further exploration and utilization.
Commercialization of the Xalkori Pediatric Multiparticulate Product Using Quality-by-Design Principles
Authors: Bartlett Jeremy , Culver Natalie , Zhang Xiang , Waybrant Brett , Sullivan Hannah , Howell Logan
Published: August 2024

A pediatric dosage form for crizotinib (Xalkori) was commercialized using quality-by-design principles in a material-sparing fashion. The dosage form consists of spherical multiparticulates (microspheres or pellets) that are coated and encapsulated in capsules for opening. The crizotinib (Xalkori)-coated pellet product is approved in the US for pediatric patients 1 year of age and older and young adults with relapsed or refractory, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) that is ALK-positive. The product is also approved in the US for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are unable to swallow intact capsules. The lipid multiparticulate is composed of a lipid matrix, a dissolution enhancer, and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The API, which remains crystalline, is embedded within the microsphere at a 60% drug loading in the uncoated lipid multiparticulate to enable dose flexibility. The melt spray congealing technique using a rotary atomizer is used to manufacture the lipid multiparticulate. Following melt spray congealing, a barrier coating is applied via fluid bed coating. Due to their particle size and content uniformity, this dosage form provides the dosing flexibility and swallowability needed for the pediatric population. The required pediatric dose is achieved by opening the capsules and combining doses of different encapsulated dose strengths, followed by administration of the multiparticulates directly to the mouth. The encapsulation process was optimized through equipment modifications and by using a design of experiments approach to understand the operating space. A limited number of development batches produced using commercial-scale equipment were leveraged to design, understand, and verify the manufacturing process space. The quality by design and material-sparing approach taken to design the melt spray congeal and encapsulation manufacturing processes resulted in a pediatric product with exceptional content uniformity (a 95% confidence and 99% probability of passing USP <905> content uniformity testing for future batches).
Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Jin , Yin Bohang , Lian Jiabing , Wang Xia
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, the pursuit of drug delivery systems has led to the development of numerous synthetic options aimed at enhancing drug efficacy while minimizing side effects. However, the practical application of these systems is often hindered by challenges such as inefficiency, cytotoxicity, and immunogenicity. Extracellular vesicles, natural carriers for drugs, emerge as promising alternatives with distinct advantages over synthetic carriers. Notably, EVs exhibit biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and inherent tissue-targeting capabilities, thus opening new avenues for drug delivery strategies. This review provides an overview of EVs, including their biogenesis and absorption mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the current research efforts focusing on harnessing their potential as drug carriers, encompassing aspects such as purification techniques, drug loading, and bioengineering for targeted delivery. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and future prospects of EVs as therapeutic agents in clinical settings. This comprehensive analysis aims to shed light on the potential of EVs as versatile and effective tools for drug delivery, particularly in the realm of cancer therapy.
Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Root Exudates and Inhibition of Soil Fungi by Flavonoids and Terpene Lactones
Authors: Wang Yawen , Jiang Yanbing , Liu Ximeng , Chen Yadi , Zhang Qingxia , Wang Li , Li Weixing
Published: August 2024

Ginkgo biloba is abundant in secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and terpenoids. While the majority of research has focused on the role of these compounds in disease resistance, their specific contribution to pathogen defense has been rarely explored. In this study, we collected root exudates from hydroponically cultivated ginkgo seedlings and conducted a metabolomic analysis. We identified several primary metabolites mainly comprising amino acids and nucleotides, while secondary metabolites consisted of various compounds, including bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Focusing on the secondary metabolites with relatively higher abundance in the exudates, we selected a mixture of flavonoids and terpenoids for in vitro inhibition experiments against two soil-borne fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum that causes cucumber wilt and Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 that causes wheat root rot. The results indicated that the growth rate of both fungus cells was significantly reduced with the increasing concentration of the flavonoid and terpenoid mixture extracted from ginkgo and was completely inhibited at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Further experiments revealed that this mixture of flavonoids and terpenoids had a destructive effect on the cellular structure of both fungi, thereby reducing cell viability and achieving an antifungal effect. These findings provide a foundation for further research into the use of ginkgo extracts in biological control.
In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri and Pterospartum tridentatum, Two Important Medicinal and Aromatic Species from Portugal
Authors: Domingues Joana , Eira Anabela , Ramalho Isa , Barrocas Inês , Gonçalves José Carlos
Published: August 2024

Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri and Pterospartum tridentatum are two valuable aromatic and medicinal plants. Their biometric and morphological parameters, such as the number of new shoots, length of the longest shoot, multiplication rate, and fresh weight, were evaluated using the multiplication MS medium protocol. The rooting protocols involved immersing the explants in IBA (1 g L−1) and a commercial IBA (3.3 g L−1) preparation (Clonex®). Slow-growth conservation assays were carried out using two different sucrose concentrations (15 g L−1 and 30 g L−1), and a control, with the cultures kept at 4 °C for 12 months. The multiplication rate for L. stoechas subsp. luisieri was 6.8, and that of P. tridentatum was 13.3, achieved using the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L−1 BAP, 1 mg L−1 BAP, and 0.5 mg L−1 IBA. The application of Clonex® showed the best ex vitro rooting results in L. stoechas subsp. luisieri (77%) and P. tridentatum (90%). In the slow-growth conservation assays, at 4 °C, in darkness for 12 months, an excellent survival rate was achieved in L. stoechas subsp. luisieri (>80%) and P. tridentatum (>90%), even at the reduced sucrose concentration. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of in vitro multiplication and ex vitro rooting protocols for two valuable aromatic and medicinal plants. These findings are significant for the ex situ conservation of these species, as they provide effective long-term preservation and utilization strategies.
Effects of Grazing and Leaf Spot Disease on the Structure and Diversity of Phyllosphere Microbiome Communities in Leymus chinensis
Authors: Qian Yani , Jin Yuanyuan , Han Xinyao , Malik Kamran , Li Chunjie , Yu Binhua
Published: August 2024

Leymus chinensis is a high-quality forage with wide distribution. Disease is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of L. chinensis. To investigate the effect of grazing on the phyllosphere microbiome community and leaf spot disease in L. chinensis, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the differences in the composition and structure of the phyllosphere fungal and bacterial communities of healthy and diseased leaves under different grazing intensities. The results showed that grazing significantly reduced leaf spot disease incidence and severity. There were significant differences in the phyllosphere microbiome composition between healthy and diseased leaves, and interestingly, diseased leaves showed more complex microbial activity. Grazing altered the relative abundance of micro-organisms and affected microbial dispersal and colonization either directly through behavior or indirectly by altering plant community structure. In this study, we found that the phyllosphere microbiome responded strongly to pathogen infection, and that plants recruited beneficial microbes to protect themselves after disease development. Grazing could regulate microbial community composition and structure, either directly or indirectly, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of L. chinensis.
Fusarium Wilt of Coriander: Root Cause Analysis and Varietal Tolerance Development
Authors: Chaimovitsh David , Kahane-Achinoam Tali , Nuriel Ohad , Meller Harel Yael , Silverman David , Nitzan Nadav , Frenkel Omer , Gonda Itay
Published: August 2024

Since 2012, growers of coriander, Coriandrum sativum L., in Israel have been suffering from summer wilting that can result in entire fields collapsing. The current study aimed to determine the cause of the phenomenon and find a genetic solution to the problem. The disease was reproduced in a growth chamber using naturally-infested soil from a commercial field. Wilt became apparent within two weeks, and after ten weeks, all plants died compared to plants in sterilized soil from the same source. Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from infected plants, and Koch’s postulates were completed. Sequence analysis of the Elongation Factor (EF1α) encoding gene of the pathogen had a 99.54% match to F. oxysporum f. sp. coriandrii. Several coriander varieties were screened for resistance or tolerance to the disease. In four independent experiments, only the cultivar ‘Smadi’ showed high tolerance, while other genotypes were susceptible. In a trial in a naturally infested field, the cultivar ‘Smadi’ outperformed the commercial cultivar ‘Blair’. ‘Smadi’ provides a cropping solution to many Israeli farmers, yet this winter cultivar bolts early in the summer. There is a further need to characterize the tolerance mechanism and inheritance for informed breeding of late-bolting Fusarium-resistant coriander.
Analysing the Antibacterial Synergistic Interactions of Romanian Lavender Essential Oils via Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Bălașoiu (Jigău) Roxana Aurelia C. , Obistioiu Diana , Hulea Anca , Suleiman Mukhtar Adeiza , Popescu Iuliana , Floares (Oarga) Doris , Imbrea Ilinca Merima , Neacșu Alina-Georgeta , Șmuleac Laura , Pașcalău Raul , Crista Laura , Popescu Cosmin Alin , Samfira Ionel , Imbrea Florin
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and synergistic potential of essential oils derived from Romanian lavender. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that linalool is the main compound in all lavender essential oils, with concentrations ranging from 29.410% to 35.769%. Linalyl acetate was found in similar concentrations to linalool. Other significant compounds included 1,8-cineole (8.50%), lavandulyl acetate (5.38%), trans-β-ocimene (6.90%), and camphor (7.7%). A 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess antioxidant capacity, with substantial free-radical-scavenging activity shown in the IC50 values determined. The antibacterial efficacy of the oils was higher against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with variations in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the extent of inhibition, and evolution patterns. The study also explored the oils’ ability to enhance the efficacy of ampicillin, revealing synergistic interactions expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration indices. In silico protein–ligand docking studies used twenty-one compounds identified by GC-MS with bacterial protein targets, showing notable binding interactions with SasG (−6.3 kcal/mol to −4.6 kcal/mol) and KAS III (−6.2 kcal/mol to −4.9 kcal/mol). Overall, the results indicate that Romanian lavender essential oils possess potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and their synergistic interaction with ampicillin has potential for enhancing antibiotic therapies.
Polymeric Protective Films as Anticorrosive Coatings—Environmental Evaluation
Authors: Caramitu Alina Ruxandra , Ciobanu Romeo Cristian , Lungu Magdalena Valentina , Lungulescu Eduard-Marius , Scheiner Cristina Mihaela , Aradoaei Mihaela , Bors Adriana Mariana , Rus Traian
Published: August 2024

The behavior of two polymeric protective paint coatings (epoxy and polyurethane) applied over an epoxy primer coating on steel plates was investigated in this study, focusing on their role in providing anticorrosive protection against various climatic stress factors. Among the numerous climatic factors that can affect the lifetime of anticorrosive coatings, the following were selected for this work: dry heat, UV radiation, humidity, and extreme conditions such as salt fog, marine atmosphere, and alpine atmosphere. The objective was to determine the remaining lifetime of these protective coatings before replacement is needed to prevent damage to the equipment they protect. The behavior of these polymeric materials under the mentioned factors was analyzed based on the variation in the tangent of the dielectric loss angle (tg δ) with frequency. From the interpretation of the experimental results, it was found that the polyurethane paint coating (P2) exhibits superior resistance to climatic degradation compared to the epoxy paint coating (P1). Furthermore, a comparison of tg δ values for the P1 and P2 coatings revealed that the initial (unaged) P2 coating performs better as an insulator (dielectric) than the P1 coating. Comprehensive information is provided to the users of polymeric anticorrosive protection materials, highlighting the extent to which climatic factors can affect the performance of the equipment they protect and determining the appropriate timing for replacing the coatings.
Analysis of the Tensile Properties and Probabilistic Characteristics of Large-Tow Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Wang Anni , Li Ruiheng , Liu Xiaogang
Published: August 2024

Large-tow carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) have great application potential in civil engineering due to their low price, but their basic mechanical properties are still unclear. The tensile properties of large-tow CFRP rods and plates were investigated in this study. First, the tensile properties of unidirectional CFRP rods and plates were studied, and the test results of the relevant mechanical properties were statistically analyzed. The tensile strength of the CFRP rod and plate are 2005.97 MPa and 2069.48 MPa. Second, the surface of the test specimens after failure was observed using a scanning electron microscope to analyze the type of failure and damage evolution process. Finally, the probabilistic characteristics of the mechanical properties were analyzed using normal, lognormal, and Weibull distributions for parameter fitting. Quasi-optimality tests were performed, and a probability distribution model was proposed for the mechanical properties of large-tow CFRP rods and plates.
Bio-Inspired Photosynthesis Platform for Enhanced NADH Conversion and L-Glutamate Synthesis
Authors: Tang Junxiao , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Rongjie , Wang Yanze , Zou Zhaoyong , Xie Jingjing , Zhang Pengchao , Fu Zhengyi
Published: August 2024

Inspired by the layered structure, light absorption, and charge carrier pathway of chloroplast thylakoids in natural photosynthesis, we propose a novel artificial photosynthesis platform, which is composed of layered structured vaterite as the scaffold with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), photosensitizer eosin Y (EY), and redox enzyme L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as the functional components. The EY exhibited significantly enhanced light absorption and charge carrier generation due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) around the AuNPs and light refraction within the layers. This artificial photosynthesis platform can regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under visible light and promote the rapid conversion of α-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate (0.453 Mm/h). The excellent biocompatibility of layered vaterite significantly enhances the resistance of GDH to harsh conditions, including high pH (pH = 10) and elevated temperatures (37–57 °C).
Detonation of H2–Air–Steam Mixtures: A Potential Hazard in Large-Scale Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell Installations
Authors: Moghtaderi Behdad , Zanganeh Jafar , Song Hui , Namazi Samira
Published: August 2024

System failure in large-scale electrolyzer and fuel cell installations may cause the formation of explosive H2–air–steam mixtures. Detonation properties (e.g., detonation cell size) and flame dynamics features (e.g., flame acceleration, runup distance, and deflagration-to-detonation transition “DDT”) of these mixtures were investigated experimentally and numerically to gain a more in-depth understanding of the hazards of H2–air–steam under conditions pertinent to PEM-based electrolyzers and fuel cells (temperatures between 50 °C and 80 °C and pressures between 20 and 40 bar). While our results confirm the findings of previous studies in terms of the cooling effects of steam on detonation, we found that operating pressures between 20 and 40 bar counteract the effect of steam, making the H2–air–steam mixture more detonable. This is particularly evident from the experimental data on detonation cell size and runup distance at pressures greater than 20 bar.
The Death of God as a Turn to Radical Theology: Then and Now
Authors: David Philipp
Published: August 2024

This article begins with a short reconstruction of the long-forgotten Death of God movement and its development of the concept of a Radical Theology during the 1960s in the United States of America and in Western Germany (The “Death of God” as a Signature of Secular Culture). In my view, protestant theology and the church have thus far failed to discuss Nietzsche’s proclamation of the “Death of God” as a genuine signature of modernity in a constructive way. In refusing the debate, they did not see the theological potential of the diagnostic and ambiguous metaphor “Death of God” as a “tremendous event still on its way”. With regard to a current perspective on Radical Theology (The Rise of Religious Fundamentalism and the Renaissance of Radical Theology), the intention is a creative and radical interpretation of this heretical concept as a step towards a modern religiosity after (the Death of) God which includes a new awareness of the finitude of human life and of its limitations. The theological symbol of the “Death of God” in my concept of “Heretical Religiosity” leads to a new approach to the theology of wisdom as symbolized in the Hebrew Bible by the book of Ecclesiastes (Heretical Religiosity: Radical Theology and Wisdom Literature in the Hebrew Bible).
The Holy Land of Saints: The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Life Story of St. Marie Alphonsine
Authors: Raveh Maayan Karen
Published: August 2024

Utilizing the lens of new historicism, this study examines how hagiographers Stolz, Duvignau, and Khoury, from the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, have constructed and modified the narrative identity of St. Marie Alphonsine through different periods—1936, 1989, and 2012–2015. This approach illuminates the complex relationship between religious storytelling, cultural identity formation, and perceptions of “otherness”. The chronological dissection of St. Marie Alphonsine’s portrayal uncovers the hagiographers’ efforts to recalibrate her image in response to the changing cultural, spiritual, and communal demands within the Patriarchate’s jurisdiction and among the faithful. Highlighting the hagiographers’ instrumental role on behalf of the Patriarchate in molding religious and cultural discourses, the article explores the profound impact of saintly veneration on shaping the religious identity and cultural narratives of the Catholic community in the Holy Land. It underscores the essential function of the Patriarchate in steering the Catholic community through the complexities of the evolving socio-religious landscape.
Multifaith Room for Pediatric Cancer Center of Barcelona—An Intrahospital Public Space in the City
Authors: Arboix-Alió Alba , Rodà Oriol Ventura
Published: August 2024

The internationalization of specialized healthcare emphasizes multiculturalism, requiring adaptable hospital spaces. Sant Joan de Déu (SJD), a leading pediatric hospital managed by a Christian order, has created a multifaith room for prayer and meditation in the main lobby of the Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB). This manuscript presents an unpublished case study, showing the research conducted for the design of the multireligious room and the process of its construction. The methodology includes a bibliographic review, architectural analysis of three meditation spaces, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. This project highlights SJD’s commitment to blending care and design, emphasizing the humanization of hospital spaces. The triad of religion, public space, and society makes more sense here than ever before.
Youth, Spirituality, Religion, and the Categories in Between
Authors: Sbalchiero Stefano , Giordan Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Spirituality among young people has garnered attention within the realm of social studies of religions and spiritualities, both globally and in Italy. In this study, we present findings derived from a survey conducted with 1384 students aged 13 to 20 who were attending a high school in Vicenza, in the Veneto region. Viewing young individuals as active participants in a transition to greater autonomy, one with religious and spiritual dimensions, our empirical findings indicate the emergence of a distinct orientation: the ‘spiritual but not completely religious’ mindset. From this perspective, not only methodologically but also in terms of content, the domains of religion and spirituality, for this age group, appear to be more porous than exclusive or alternative. The identified orientation seems to characterise a compromise between what one has been during childhood and adolescence and the transition to adulthood, which is characterised by increased independence. This orientation not only captures a momentary snapshot of a fluid phenomenon but also contributes to ongoing discussions about spiritualities, which evolve within diverse social and cultural contexts.
The Samaritan Woman as a Quick-Witted Border Crosser in John 4
Authors: Mehring Hanna-Maria
Published: August 2024

The aim of this article is to provide a description of the intersectionality approach and to offer an overview of the transformation and appropriation processes within the context of the transatlantic journey of this approach. Additionally, the current state of the discussion within the context of biblical studies will be outlined. An application of an intersectional analysis to a New Testament text example will be conducted based on the dialog at Jacob’s well between the Samaritan woman and Jesus in John 4. When applying the intersectionality approach, an attempt will be made to critically examine power and oppression structures on all three levels: the world of the text, the context of the New Testament, and the world of interpretation and interpretation history.
Becoming Israelite: Joshua 5:2–9 as the Final Stage of Shedding Egyptian Mores
Authors: Houston Joshua Seth
Published: August 2024

The exodus event demonstrates a culture and religious shift from an Egyptian context to that of national Israel. Scholars have underplayed the influence of Egypt on Israel during the exodus while overplaying the influence of Canaan. To be sure, Canaanite mores influence the practices of the Israelites. However, the generation that left Egypt (according to the Biblical account) would have been assimilated to Egyptian mores. Thus, the present article seeks to establish the exodus event as the means by which Israel sheds its former Egyptian mores and becomes “national Israel”.
Characterizing Forest Plot Decay Levels Based on Leaf Area Index, Gap Fraction, and L-Moments from Airborne LiDAR
Authors: Sani-Mohammed Abubakar , Yao Wei , Wong Tsz Chung , Fekry Reda , Heurich Marco
Published: August 2024

Effective forest management is essential for mitigating climate change effects. This is why understanding forest growth dynamics is critical for its sustainable management. Thus, characterizing forest plot deadwood levels is vital for understanding forest dynamics, and for assessments of biomass, carbon stock, and biodiversity. For the first time, this study used the leaf area index (LAI) and L-moments to characterize and model forest plot deadwood levels in the Bavarian Forest National Park from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. This study proposes methods that can be tested for forests, especially those in temperate climates with frequent cloud coverage and limited access. The proposed method is practically significant for effective planning and management of forest resources. First, plot decay levels were characterized based on their canopy leaf area density (LAD). Then, the deadwood levels were modeled to assess the relationships between the vegetation area index (VAI), gap fraction (GF), and the third L-moment ratio (T3). Finally, we tested the rule-based methods for classifying plot decay levels based on their biophysical structures. Our results per the LAD vertical profiles clearly showed the declining levels of decay from Level 1 to 5. Our findings from the models indicate that at a 95% confidence interval, 96% of the variation in GF was explained by the VAI with a significant negative association (VAIslope = −0.047; R2 = 0.96; (p < 0.001)), while the VAI explained 92% of the variation in T3 with a significant negative association (VAIslope = −0.50; R2 = 0.92; (p < 0.001)). Testing the rule-based methods, we found that the first rule (Lcv = 0.5) classified Levels 1 and 2 at (Lcv < 0.5) against Levels 3 to 5 at (Lcv > 0.5). However, the second rule (Lskew = 0) classified Level 1 (healthy plots) as closed canopy areas (Lskew < 0) against Levels 2 to 5 (deadwood) as open canopy areas (Lskew > 0). This approach is simple and more convenient for forest managers to exploit for mapping large forest gap areas for planning and managing forest resources for improved and effective forest management.
CMFPNet: A Cross-Modal Multidimensional Frequency Perception Network for Extracting Offshore Aquaculture Areas from MSI and SAR Images
Authors: Yu Haomiao , Wang Fangxiong , Hou Yingzi , Wang Junfu , Zhu Jianfeng , Cui Zhenqi
Published: August 2024

The accurate extraction and monitoring of offshore aquaculture areas are crucial for the marine economy, environmental management, and sustainable development. Existing methods relying on unimodal remote sensing images are limited by natural conditions and sensor characteristics. To address this issue, we integrated multispectral imaging (MSI) and synthetic aperture radar imaging (SAR) to overcome the limitations of single-modal images. We propose a cross-modal multidimensional frequency perception network (CMFPNet) to enhance classification and extraction accuracy. CMFPNet includes a local–global perception block (LGPB) for combining local and global semantic information and a multidimensional adaptive frequency filtering attention block (MAFFAB) that dynamically filters frequency-domain information that is beneficial for aquaculture area recognition. We constructed six typical offshore aquaculture datasets and compared CMFPNet with other models. The quantitative results showed that CMFPNet outperformed the existing methods in terms of classifying and extracting floating raft aquaculture (FRA) and cage aquaculture (CA), achieving mean intersection over union (mIoU), mean F1 score (mF1), and mean Kappa coefficient (mKappa) values of 87.66%, 93.41%, and 92.59%, respectively. Moreover, CMFPNet has low model complexity and successfully achieves a good balance between performance and the number of required parameters. Qualitative results indicate significant reductions in missed detections, false detections, and adhesion phenomena. Overall, CMFPNet demonstrates great potential for accurately extracting large-scale offshore aquaculture areas, providing effective data support for marine planning and environmental protection. Our code is available at Data Availability Statement section.
The Analysis of North Brazil Current Rings from Automatic Identification System Data and Altimetric Currents
Authors: Boussidi Brahim , Le Goff Clément , Galard Corentin , Carton Xavier , Speich Sabrina
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyze the North Brazil Current (NBC) rings during the initial 5 months of 2020 using surface currents derived from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data in comparison with altimetry-based Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data (AVISO) current fields. The region of NBC rings is characterized by relatively high marine traffic, facilitating an accurate current estimation. Our investigation primarily focused on a brief period coinciding with intensive in situ measurements (EUREC4A-OA experiment). The Angular Momentum Eddy Detection and tracking Algorithm (AMEDA) detection algorithm was then employed to detect and track eddies in both fields. Subsequently, a particular NBC ring present in the region in January and February 2020 was examined. The comparison demonstrated that AIS data exhibited the precision and resolution necessary to effectively identify the NBC rings and smaller surrounding eddies, aligning well with other datasets such as in situ measurements, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) data. Moreover, we established that AIS data yielded accurate regional velocity fields, as evidenced by an analysis of energy spectra. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that AIS data captured aspects of eddy–eddy interactions which were not adequately depicted in AVISO fields.
Stability Analysis through a Stability Factor Metric for IQRF Mesh Sensor Networks Utilizing Merged Data Collection
Authors: Sebestyen Gergely , Kopjak Jozsef
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel stability metric specifically developed for IQRF wireless mesh sensor networks, emphasizing flooding routing and data collection methodologies, particularly IQRF’s Fast Response Command (FRC) technique. A key feature of this metric is its ability to ensure network resilience against disruptions by effectively utilizing redundant paths in the network. This makes the metric an indispensable tool for field engineers in both the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks. Our findings provide valuable insights, demonstrating the metric’s efficacy in achieving robust and reliable network operations, especially in data collection tasks. The inclusion of redundant paths as a factor in the stability metric significantly enhances its practicality and relevance. Furthermore, this research offers practical ideas for enhancing the design and management of wireless mesh sensor networks. The stability metric uniquely assesses the resilience of data collection activities within these networks, with a focus on the benefits of redundant paths, underscoring the significance of stability in network evaluation.
Atrial Fibrillation Prediction Based on Recurrence Plot and ResNet
Authors: Zhu Haihang , Jiang Nan , Xia Shudong , Tong Jijun
Published: August 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of arrhythmia, with a rising incidence and prevalence worldwide, posing significant implications for public health. In this paper, we introduce an approach that combines the Recurrence Plot (RP) technique and the ResNet architecture to predict AF. Our method involves three main steps: using wavelet filtering to remove noise interference; generating RPs through phase space reconstruction; and employing a multi-level chained residual network for AF prediction. To validate our approach, we established a comprehensive database consisting of electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from 1008 AF patients and 48,292 Non-AF patients, with a total of 2067 and 93,129 ECGs, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated high levels of prediction precision (90.5%), recall (89.1%), F1 score (89.8%), accuracy (93.4%), and AUC (96%) on our dataset. Moreover, when tested on a publicly available AF dataset (AFPDB), our method achieved even higher prediction precision (94.8%), recall (99.4%), F1 score (97.0%), accuracy (97.0%), and AUC (99.7%). These findings suggest that our proposed method can effectively extract subtle information from ECG signals, leading to highly accurate AF predictions.
Wearable Sensor Node for Safety Improvement in Workplaces: Technology Assessment in a Simulated Environment
Authors: Formisano Fabrizio , Dellutri Michele , Massera Ettore , Giudice Antonio Del , Barretta Luigi , Di Francia Girolamo
Published: August 2024

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been universally recognized for its role in protecting workers from injuries and illnesses. Smart PPE integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enable continuous monitoring of workers and their surrounding environment, preventing undesirable events, facilitating rapid emergency response, and informing rescuers of potential hazards. This work presents a smart PPE system with a sensor node architecture designed to monitor workers and their surroundings. The sensor node is equipped with various sensors and communication capabilities, enabling the monitoring of specific gases (VOC, CO2, CO, O2), particulate matter (PM), temperature, humidity, positional information, audio signals, and body gestures. The system utilizes artificial intelligence algorithms to recognize patterns in worker activity that could lead to risky situations. Gas tests were conducted in a special chamber, positioning capabilities were tested indoors and outdoors, and the remaining sensors were tested in a simulated laboratory environment. This paper presents the sensor node architecture and the results of tests on target risky scenarios. The sensor node performed well in all situations, correctly signaling all cases that could lead to risky situations.
A Convolutional Neural Network with Multifrequency and Structural Similarity Loss Functions for Electromagnetic Imaging
Authors: Chiu Chien-Ching , Lin Che-Yu , Chi Yu-Jen , Hsu Hsiu-Hui , Chen Po-Hsiang , Jiang Hao
Published: August 2024

In this paper, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is applied to the electromagnetic imaging of anisotropic objects. Advances in magnetic anomaly sensing systems and electromagnetic imaging use electromagnetic principles to detect and characterize subsurface or hidden objects. We use measured multifrequency scattered fields to calculate the initial dielectric constant distribution of anisotropic objects through the backpropagation scheme (BPS). Later, the estimated multifrequency permittivity distribution is input to a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) method to reconstruct a more accurate image. In the meantime, we also improve the definition of loss function in the CNN. Numerical results show that the improved loss function unifying the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and root mean square error (RMSE) can effectively enhance image quality. In our simulation environment, noise interference is considered for both TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) waves to reconstruct anisotropic scatterers. Lastly, we conclude that multifrequency reconstructions are more stable and precise than single-frequency reconstructions.
Trends in Accidents Involving Healthcare Workers in the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods: Injury Notifications from an Emergency Department
Authors: Cipollone Claudia , Guerriero Paola , Muselli Mario , Mastrantonio Riccardo , Mastrangeli Giada , Filauri Stefano , Fabiani Leila
Published: August 2024

Occupational accidents are a serious public health issue. In this retrospective observational study, we examined all injuries involving healthcare workers of the Abruzzo Local Health Authority No. 1 (Italy) during the three years 2019–2021. Data were collected by tracing the injury reports filed by the emergency service during the workers’ admission and analyzing the cause, type, distribution by sex, and geographical district to which they belonged, taking into account the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Most injuries (45.7%) were reported in the Marsica area; the most common cause was commuting accidents (10.7%). Assaults were more common among men (8.6%), while commuting accidents were more common among women (11.8%). In 36% of cases, the upper limbs were affected. The most common type of injury was contusions (22.2%). When the frequency of reports was compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, there was an increase in injuries in healthcare assistants (p = 0.052), while the percentage of injuries in administrative (p = 0.056) and other categories decreased (p = 0.002). This analysis allows us to identify points of interest relating to the Marsica area, to specific types of accidents, such as aggression and commuting accidents, and to specific duties.
A Depiction of Rohingya Refugees in India’s Online News Platforms Following the Shift in the Indian Government’s Stance in 2017
Authors: Aldamen Yasmin , Abdul Jaleel Dilana Thasleem
Published: August 2024

The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, which dates back to the 1970s. News about the Rohingya refugees has been a major humanitarian topic on the global stage. The findings of this study reveal that Rohingya refugees are predominantly represented negatively in popular media platforms in India. Negative framing, including dehumanization and misrepresentation, is often employed in political discourse and developments. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in Indian media frequently resorts to one-dimensional and stereotypical depictions. The frequent occurrence of dehumanization and misrepresentation, identifiable through the use of language and selective reporting practices, indicates a strong alignment of most Indian mainstream media with the government’s position. However, it is noteworthy that some platforms maintain a critical perspective. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in India’s mainstream news outlet’s online platforms, such as Hindustan Times Online, NDTV Online, The Times of India Online, and India Today Online, reveals a complex landscape with varying narratives and governmental alignments.
Industrial Intelligence and Carbon Emission Reduction: Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Mi Tale , Li Tiao
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the impact of industrial intelligence on corporate carbon performance using micro-level data from 1072 listed manufacturing companies in China’s A-share market from 2012 to 2021. Industrial intelligence, through the integration of advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and big data analytics applied to industrial robots, significantly improves the corporate carbon performance, measured by the carbon intensity and total emissions. Although the total carbon emissions increase due to the output effect, the efficiency optimization effect of industrial intelligence has a greater impact, reducing carbon intensity and emissions. The reduction effect from increased production efficiency outweighs the increase from the output effect. Heterogeneity tests show significant carbon reduction effects of industrial intelligence in industries with heavy and moderate carbon emissions, but an increase in carbon emissions in industries with light carbon emissions. Regional differences also emerge, with more effective carbon reduction in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions compared to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. These findings highlight the carbon reduction potential of industrial intelligence across different industries and regions, offering valuable insights for targeted environmental policies and corporate strategies.