bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mountain permafrost degradation documented through a network of permanent electrical resistivity tomography sites
Authors: Mollaret Coline , Hilbich Christin , Pellet Cécile , Flores-Orozco Adrian , Delaloye Reynald , Hauck Christian
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Mountain permafrost is sensitive to climate change and is
expected to gradually degrade in response to the ongoing atmospheric warming
trend. Long-term monitoring of the permafrost thermal state is a key task,
but problematic where temperatures are close to 0 ∘C because the
energy exchange is then dominantly related to latent heat effects associated
with phase change (ice–water), rather than ground warming or cooling.
Consequently, it is difficult to detect significant spatio-temporal
variations in ground properties (e.g. ice–water ratio) that occur during the
freezing–thawing process with point scale temperature monitoring alone.
Hence, electrical methods have become popular in permafrost investigations
as the resistivities of ice and water differ by several orders of magnitude,
theoretically allowing a clear distinction between frozen and unfrozen
ground. In this study we present an assessment of mountain permafrost
evolution using long-term electrical resistivity tomography monitoring
(ERTM) from a network of permanent sites in the central Alps. The time
series consist of more than 1000 datasets from six sites, where
resistivities have been measured on a regular basis for up to 20 years.
We identify systematic sources of error and apply automatic filtering
procedures during data processing. In order to constrain the interpretation
of the results, we analyse inversion results and long-term resistivity
changes in comparison with existing borehole temperature time series. Our
results show that the resistivity dataset provides valuable insights at the
melting point, where temperature changes stagnate due to latent heat
effects. The longest time series (19 years) demonstrates a prominent
permafrost degradation trend, but degradation is also detectable in shorter
time series (about a decade) at most sites. In spite of the wide range of
morphological, climatological, and geological differences between the sites,
the observed inter-annual resistivity changes and long-term tendencies are
similar for all sites of the network.
Development, Implementation and Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary For-Credit Subject to Help Students Transition to University
Authors: Schütze Heike , Bartyn Jenna
Published: September 2019

The first year university experience is inherently linked to student retention and success. First year students are often unprepared for the academic requirements of university, which can result in stress, poor student outcomes and low student retention rates. Although there is considerable literature on the challenges students face when transitioning to university, there is limited research on successful interdisciplinary for-credit transition subjects that support students, particularly in Australia. An interdisciplinary for-credit transition subject for first year university students was designed, implemented and evaluated to determine students’ perceptions of its effectiveness in preparing them for the academic demands of university. Thematic analysis of 36 qualitative interviews with students was conducted. Students reported having gained knowledge and confidence in the essential academic skills required for university and therefore felt more prepared. Implementing similar subjects in other settings may provide a strategy to support students’ transition to university.
A Comparative Study of Language Planning in Specific Domains in Chinese and International Journals (2002–2017)
Authors: Shen Qi , Guo Shujian
Published: September 2019

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in language planning in specific domains (e.g. business, courts, science, schools, communities, families, etc.). This paper reviews 356 articles on language planning in specific domains in four preeminent international journals and four leading Chinese journals to develop a portrayal of scholarly endeavors over the past 15 years. By a systematic analysis of domains, geographical distribution, and choice of methodology, this review identifies the global and local foci of studies published in international and Chinese journals. The findings suggest that approaches to language planning vary, as the Chinese literature tends to project a top-down model whereas international research mostly reflects a bottom-up perspective focusing on the role of individual agency. The findings highlight the integral role of language planning as one of the emerging fields in applied linguistics, and discusses future directions that Chinese research in language policy and planning could take to enable more interactions with international academia.
Las nominalizaciones como estrategia discursiva en el discurso político: análisis comparado entre el español y el chino
Authors: Gong Yunjie
Published: September 2019

En el discurso político, el empleo de las nominalizaciones resulta llamativo por su alta frecuencia. En este artículo se presta atención a la operación lingüística de tomar un verbo y convertirlo en nombre, así como a la transición que transforma una oración verbal compleja en un sintagma nominal. El interés por el estudio de las nominalizaciones, por una parte, reside en interpretar las características de dichas nominalizaciones e ilustrar las razones por las que pueden convertirse en una peculiaridad lingüística llamativa del discurso político; y por otra parte, consiste en investigar las diferencias de la nominalización entre el español y el chino desde el punto de vista gramatical, así como la frecuencia o regularidad del uso de esta estrategia discursiva en discursos políticos.
Does Macroeconomic Indicators Influence Stock Price Behavior? Evidence from Nigerian Stock Market
Authors: Ayunku Peter Ego
Published: September 2019

This paper investigate whether macroeconomics indicators influences stock price behavior in Nigerian stock market, using an annual time series data spanning from 1985-2015. The study employed some econometric tools such as Augmented Dicker Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test, Johansen’s co integration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to analyze the variables of interest. The study found out that Money Supply (MS) has an inverse but statistically significant  influence on stock prices in Nigerian stock market also Treasury Bill Rate (TBR) has an inverse and statistically insignificant influence on stock market prices. While on the other hand, Market Capitalization (MCAP) has a positive and statistically significant influence on stock prices while Exchange Rate (EXR) has positive but statistically insignificant relationship with stock prices in the Nigerian Stock Market. In view of the above, the study recommends amongst others that monetary authorities should try as much as possible to implement sound macroeconomic policies that would enhance stock market growth and development in Nigeria.
Implementing a Novel Quality Improvement-Based Approach to Data Quality Monitoring
and Enhancement in a Multipurpose Clinical Registry
Authors: Pratt Jesse , Jeffers Daniel , King Eileen C. , Kappelman Michael D. , Collins Jennifer , Margolis Peter , Baron Howard , Bass Julie A. , Bassett Mikelle D. , Beasley Genie L. , Benkov Keith J. , Bornstein Jeffrey A. , Cabrera José M. , Crandall Wallace , Dancel Liz D. , Garin-Laflam Monica P. , Grunow John E. , Hirsch Barry Z. , Hoffenberg Edward , Israel Esther , Jester Traci W. , Kiparissi Fevronia , Lakhole Arathi , Lapsia Sameer P. , Minar Phillip , Navarro Fernando A. , Neef Haley , Park KT , Pashankar Dinesh S. , Patel Ashish S. , Pineiro Victor M. , Samson Charles M. , Sandberg Kelly C. , Steiner Steven J. , Strople Jennifer A. , Sudel Boris , Sullivan Jillian S. , Suskind David L. , Uppal Vikas , Wali Prateek D.
Published: September 2019

Objective: To implement a quality improvement based system to measure and improve
data quality in an observational clinical registry to support a Learning Healthcare
System.Data Source: ImproveCareNow Network registry, which as of September 2019
contained data from 314,250 visits of 43,305 pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
patients at 109 participating care centers.Study Design: The impact of data quality
improvement support to care centers was evaluated using statistical process control
methodology. Data quality measures were defined, performance feedback of those measures
using statistical process control charts was implemented, and reports that identified
data items not following data quality checks were developed to enable centers to monitor
and improve the quality of their data.Principal Findings: There was a pattern of
improvement across measures of data quality. The proportion of visits with complete
critical data increased from 72 percent to 82 percent. The percent of registered
patients improved from 59 percent to 83 percent. Of three additional measures of data
consistency and timeliness, one improved performance from 42 percent to 63 percent.
Performance declined on one measure due to changes in network documentation practices
and maturation. There was variation among care centers in data quality.Conclusions: A
quality improvement based approach to data quality monitoring and improvement is
feasible and effective.
Use of a text mining method for classifying citizen report data and analyzing the occurrence trend of local problems
Authors: Kano Eiji , Tsuda Kazuhiko
Published: September 2019

An important task of any municipality is the maintenance and improvement of the street-related living environment and traffic safety for citizens.  For this, their department of street maintenance is expected to efficiently perform the maintenance and inspection of streets according to priority with limited human and budgetary resources.  Recently, municipalities in various countries are adopting “the citizen report system,” which is a system of reporting problems of streets, such as damaged streets, by citizens to their municipality, for citizens to perform part of street maintenance and inspection.  It is possible that the data obtained by municipalities through the citizen report system can be utilized not only for early problem detection but also for prioritizing administrative measures by using it for analyzing the occurrence trend of problems.  Problems reported by citizens, however, are classified by different methods from municipality to municipality, and thus the collection and comparative analysis of such data across municipalities is difficult.  This study presents a method of commonly classifying such data, regardless of different classification standards, by analyzing the contents of citizen reports by using text mining.  We then analyze the relationship between the trend of citizen reports and the occurrence trend of problems concerning the living environment and traffic safety, using the citizen report data of three large municipalities classified by this method, and infer the occurrence trend of problems.  This study has confirmed that citizen report data possibly contributes to municipalities’ prioritization of the maintenance and improvement of the living environment and traffic safety.
O lugar e as especificidades das hipóteses nas pesquisas em Ciências Humanas
Authors: Silva Camila Ferreira da , Lopes Rodrigo de Macedo
Published: September 2019

Trata-se de uma resenha crítica sobre a mais recente obra de José d’Assunção Barros, "As hipóteses nas Ciências Humanas: aspectos metodológicos". A obra em questão traz à tona questionamentos e discussões que, por vezes, são menosprezadas no cotidiano da formação de novos pesquisadores em Ciências Humanas de modo geral. E, nesse sentido, representa uma leitura fundamental para todos os investigadores, experientes ou em formação, posto que proporciona um repensar de perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas relevante para as atividades de pesquisa, mas também para as atividades de orientação de jovens pesquisadores.
Os limites à liberdade de expressão: uma análise do debate acerca da proibição ao discurso de ódio a partir de um caso emblemático
Authors: Azevedo Octavio Sampaio de Moura
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar o debate em torno da permissibilidade de restrições ao discurso de ódio a partir de um caso emblemático da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos: Beauharnais v. Illinois, de 1952. A análise dos argumentos apresentados pelos juízes em suas opiniões possibilitará a identificação dos principais pontos de tensão do debate, de modo a se criar uma chave de análise confiável que possibilitará sua melhor compreensão. A fim de complementar os argumentos analisados, as reflexões de Robert C. Post a respeito do tema também serão trazidas a presente investigação, em especial sua concepção de liberdade de expressão fundada no autogoverno, as modalidades de dano causadas por discursos odiosos e seu conceito de public discourse. Por meio dessa investigação, pretende-se trazer maior clareza aos conceitos e categorias do debate, apontando o que realmente está em jogo quando se fala na restrição da liberdade de expressão nessas hipóteses.
Apresentação do dossiê: democracia, liberdade de expressão e comunicação
Authors: Silva Júlio César Casarin Barroso , Teixeira Renato Francisquini
Published: September 2019

Consagrado, seja no campo teórico, seja na prática constitucional, como um princípio fundante da ordem democrática, a liberdade de expressão foi e vem sendo escrutinada pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Neste artigo exploramos os principais debates envolvendo os fundamentos da livre expressão de ideias, procurando evidenciar a sua relação e conflito com outros valores, como a igualdade, a justiça e a tolerância. Em uma abordagem orientada pelos problemas enfrentados pelas sociedades contemporâneas, lançamos luz sobre os temas do discurso de ódio e da pornografia e, ainda, sobre as implicações, para a deliberação pública, da desigualdade de acesso aos meios de comunicação e às novas tecnologias da informação. Ao final, apresentamos os artigos que compõem este dossiê. Esperamos, com isso, contribuir para a constituição de uma agenda de pesquisas sobre a liberdade de expressão, tarefa urgente no atual cenário em que este direito fundamental vem sendo alvo do ataque de governos de diferentes orientações ideológicas.
A análise das representações e narrativas sobre a História e Cultura Africana e Afro-Brasileira em livros didáticos do ensino médio em Cuiabá/MT
Authors: Zarbato Jaqueline Ap. M.
Published: September 2019

Este artigo pretende  apresentar os resultados da pesquisa sobre as  coleções de livros didáticos, utilizados nas escolas públicas de Mato Grosso. Para tal selecionamos duas coleções, visando problematizar a abordagem contida nos livros, sobre os usos da narrativa sobre história e cultura africana e afro brasileira. As coleções escolhidas são: História Global de Giberto Cotrim e coleção  História: das cavernas ao terceiro milênio, das autoras Patrícia Ramos Braick e Myriam Becho Mota, ambas aprovadas pelo PNLD 2012 e destinadas ao público do Ensino Médio. A escolha destas coleções se deu principalmente, por apresentar em seus editoriais a discussão sobre história e cultura africana e afro brasileira. Assim, fundamentamos a análise pela perspectiva teórico metodológica sobre os livros didáticos, sobre cultura e sobre a discussão da lei 10.639/2003.
O que aconteceu com as pessoas? a Ditadura nos livros didáticos de História
Authors: Balestra Juliana Pirola da Conceição , Silva Rogério Anderson
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada sobre a participação de civis na abordagem da última ditadura brasileira em livros didáticos de História, que circularam no país durante o final do regime e nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. O objetivo é refletir sobre a construção de memórias sobre o período e suas implicações na atualidade, tomando como referência os estudos de Elizabeth Jelin, Michael Pollack e Jörn Rüsen sobre memória, trauma, luto e perdão. Destaca-se que as narrativas que ocultam a participação da sociedade civil durante a última ditadura brasileira escondem os traumas que permanecem latentes na sociedade atual. Com isso, nega-se aos sujeitos, vítimas e algozes, a possibilidade realizar um “luto histórico”, onde poderiam reconhecer o passado traumático como parte de sua própria história ou identidade.
Fotografia, tempo e ensino de História: articulações para uma aprendizagem significativa
Authors: Ruffato Katani Monteiro , Reginato Lara Moncay
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que utiliza a fotografia em sala aula como forma de gerar aprendizagens significativas sobre o tempo histórico. Esta metodologia foi desenvolvida a partir de um projeto de pesquisa no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade de Caxias do Sul - Mestrado Profissional - aplicada na Escola Estadual Técnica Caxias do Sul, para estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio. Parte da percepção de que a fotografia é uma fonte histórica por ser uma produção humana no tempo e, como tal, pode ser observada como um documento/monumento, conforme Le Goff (1996). Ao mesmo tempo, por ser capaz de produzir significado e sentido naquele que a observa, a fotografia adquire status de linguagem, uma linguagem não verbal, semiótica. Analisamos a fotografia nesses dois sentidos – como fonte histórica e como linguagem – e, em conjunto, utilizamos os pressupostos de Kossoy (2007) acerca da desconstrução dessa fonte imagética, por meio da análise de seus aspectos iconográficos e iconológicos. Na prática, os alunos analisaram fotografias de seus acervos familiares relativas ao passado em contraponto com fotografias produzidas por eles no tempo presente. A partir disso, construíram legendas em forma de narrativa histórica que privilegiam o tempo histórico em suas múltiplas dimensões de rupturas, permanências, transformações e continuidades.
O uso de documentos históricos em sala de aula: impactos sociais da Crise de 1929 pelas lentes do fotojornalismo
Authors: Precioso Daniel
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados alcançados em uma atividade pibidiana realizada na escola-campo. Trata-se de uma oficina, realizada com alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, com imagens que retratam os efeitos sociais da “Grande Depressão” nos Estados Unidos dos anos 1930. A metodologia aplicada na oficina foi tomada de Paulo Knauss (2001), que teceu considerações sobre a utilização de fontes históricas em sala de aula. As fontes utilizadas na oficina foram imagens do chamado fotojornalismo. Ao apresentar os resultados alcançados, procuraremos apontar as potencialidades de tal abordagem para a formação da consciência histórica dos alunos.
Um estudo sobre intelecto, livre arbítrio e virtudes no campo da História da Educação Medieval
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Viana Ana Paula Dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Apresentamos um estudo, no âmbito da História da Educação no medievo, sobre intelecto, livre arbítrio e virtudes, tendo como fonte a obra De sacramentis christianae fidei, de Hugo de Saint-Victor (1096-1141), um mestre medieval da Escola da Abadia de Saint-Victor, em Paris, no século XII. O objetivo é refletir sobre a importância desses aspectos para a formação humana, na perspectiva vitorina, em consonância com os acontecimentos históricos do período em tela. Essa relação é pertinente por compreendermos que os processos educativos estão vinculados à sua época. E que podem permitir, na perspectiva de Bloch (2001), que reflitamos, temporalmente, como educadores e pesquisadores sobre nossas ações e responsabilidades.
Livros didáticos de história: entre políticas e narrativas. Rocha, Helenice; Reznik, Luis e Magalhães, Marcelo de Souza (org). Rio de Janeiro, FGV, 2017.
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: September 2019

Resenha da obra "Livros didáticos de história: entre políticas e narrativas". Rocha, Helenice; Reznik, Luis e Magalhães, Marcelo de Souza (org). Rio de Janeiro, FGV, 2017.
Effects of strain-ageing on New Zealand reinforcing steel bars
Authors: Momtahan A. , Dhakal R.P. , Rieder A.
Published: September 2019

Modern seismic design codes, which are based on capacity design concepts, allow formation of plastic hinges in specified locations of a structure. This requires reliable estimation of strength of different components so that the desired hierarchy of strength of the structural components can be ensured to guarantee the formation of plastic hinges in the ductile elements. As strength of longitudinal reinforcing bars governs the strength of reinforced concrete members, strain-ageing, which has significant effect on the strength of reinforcing bars, should be given due consideration in capacity design. Strain-ageing can increase the yield strength of reinforcing steel bars and hence the strength of previously formed plastic hinges, thereby likely to force an unfavourable mechanism (such as strong beam-weak column leading to column hinging) to take place in subsequent earthquakes. In this paper, the strain-ageing effect of commonly used New Zealand reinforcing steel bars is experimentally investigated. Common New Zealand steel reinforcing bars are tested for different levels of pre-strain and different time intervals up to 50 days, and the results are discussed focussing on the extent of strain-ageing and its possible implications on seismic design provisions. The results indicate that designers need to use a higher flexural strength (in addition to overstrength) for the weaker member in checking the strength hierarchy in capacity design of reinforced concrete frames. Similarly, in designing retrofit measures to restore a damaged reinforced concrete member engineers need to take into account an increase of yield strength of the reinforcing steel bars employed in the member due to the strain-ageing phenomenon and the extent of increase in the yield strength depends on the level of damage.
Using upper storeys as semi-active tuned mass damper building systems
Authors: Chey M. H. , Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Chase J. Geoffrey , Mander John B.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an exploratory case study based analysis of the seismic performance of multi-storey passive and semi-active tuned mass damper (PTMD and SATMD) building systems are investigated for 12-storey moment resisting frames modelled as ‘10+2’ storey and ‘8+4’ storey. Segmented upper stories of the structure are isolated as a tuned mass, and a passive viscous damper or semi-active resetable device is adopted for energy dissipation. Optimum TMD control parameters and appropriate matching SATMD configurations are adopted from a companion study on a simplified two degree of freedom (2-DOF) system. Log-normal statistical performance results are presented for 30 probabilistically scaled earthquake records. The time history analysis and normalised reduction factor results show the response reductions for all seismic hazards. Thus, large SATMD systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems across a broad range of ground motions in comparison to passive solutions. This research demonstrates the validity of the TMD building systems for consideration in future design and construction. It also provides a template for the design and analysis of passive or semi-active TMD buildings utilising large masses, or more efficiently, added storys, for improving seismic response performance.
General observations of effects of the 30th September 2009 Padang earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Bothara Jitendra , Beetham Dick , Brunsdon Dave , Stannard Mike , Brown Roger , Hyland Clark , Lewis Warren , Miller Scott , Sanders Rebecca , Sulistio Yakso
Published: September 2019

The Mw 7.5 Padang earthquake struck at 17:16 local time on 30th September 2009 with an epicentre offshore about 60 km west-northwest of Padang, capital of West Sumatra Province. More than 1,100 people were killed, and over 2,900 injured. The earthquake caused significant damage to public buildings and offices as well as to about 140,000 houses. It affected 250,000 families through the total or partial loss of their homes and livelihoods. More than half the earthquake fatalities occurred when several villages inland from Pariaman were buried by landslides. However, the damage and destruction of building structures was a major cause behind human and property losses. In addition to landslides, the earthquake triggered extensive liquefaction and lateral spreading in the region. A ten-member team from New Zealand visited the area under the auspices of NZAid and New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering to undertake building safety evaluations. The team spent most of their time in Padang city and other nearby earthquake-affected areas. This paper presents their observations and explores causes behind the damage and destruction of buildings by the moderate to strong earthquake shaking.
Performance of unreinforced and retrofitted masonry buildings during the 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Dizhur Dmytro , Ismail Najif , Knox Charlotte , Lumantarna Ronald , Ingham Jason M.
Published: September 2019

A brief history of Christchurch city is presented, including information on the introduction of unreinforced masonry as a popular building material and an estimate of the number of unreinforced masonry buildings in the Canterbury region currently. A general overview of the failure patterns that were observed in unreinforced clay brick and stone masonry buildings in the Christchurch area after the 2010 Darfield earthquake is provided. Case studies of the damage sustained to five unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were unretrofitted at the time of the earthquake, including photographic details, is documented. The performance of eight retrofitted URM buildings is then commented on, detailing the building characteristics and retrofit techniques. The case studies include the use of moment resisting frames, steel strong backs and strapping, diaphragm anchoring, surface bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and cavity ties.
Performance of churches during the Darfield earthquake of September 4, 2010
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Myrto , Bruneau Michel , Gavin Henri P.
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on the structural behaviour and types of failure of churches located in the general Canterbury area following the Darfield earthquake of September 04, 2010. Given the variability in architectural styles, structural systems and properties of underlying soils, different patterns of damage were identified including out-of-plane gable failures, collapse of bell towers and cracking due to liquefaction and ground settlement.

An architectural and historical landmark of Christchurch, the Christchurch Cathedral, suffered insignificant damage during the earthquake mainly because of its seismic retrofitting during 2006-2007. However many other church structures required retrofitting and supporting measures to avoid additional damage.
Preliminary findings on performance of bridges in the 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Palermo Alessandro , Le Heux Mitchel , Bruneau Michel , Anagnostopoulou Myrto , Wotherspoon Liam , Hogan Lucas
Published: September 2019

On September 4, 2010 a M 7.1 earthquake occurred with an epicentre near the town of Darfield 30-40 km west of the Christchurch CBD. In the days following the earthquake inspections were carried out on highway, road City Council and pedestrian bridges in the Canterbury area. This paper details the preliminary findings based on visual inspection of about fifty five bridges. The paper comprises information supplied by consulting engineering firms which were also directly involved in the inspections soon after the earthquake.
Agricultural land rehabilitation following 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Almond P. , Wilson T.M. , Shanhun F. , Whitman Z. , Eger A. , Moot D. , Cockcroft M. , Nobes D.C.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the nature of earthquake damage and rehabilitation of rural land affected by fault rupture and liquefaction following the 4 September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) Earthquake. Remediation of land damaged by fault rupture and liquefaction was a significant concern for affected farmers and land-owners. A multidisciplinary team of researchers linked to the Rural Recovery Group (responsible for recovery of rural areas following the Canterbury earthquake) used a variety of techniques to assess land damage and evaluate the effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques.

It was found that land damage caused by strike slip fault rupture could generally be repaired by heavy roller. In areas of severe surface deformation and fracturing, deep cultivation followed by rolling was necessary to close surface fractures and flatten fault micro-topography to restore the land to a useable condition for agricultural use. Liquefaction damage to land consisted of blistered topography (by liquefied sediment injecting between topsoil and sub-soil) and liquefied sediment ejection at the surface. Both surfaces were often unsuitable for continuing agricultural operations. Several passes by a rotary-hoe and power-harrow effectively smoothed blisters and returned paddocks to a suitable state. Land severely affected by sediment ejection required scraping or grading of the sediment to < 50 mm and cultivation of the material into the topsoil. Both treatments resulted in destruction of current pasture or crop. Land less severely affected could be treated by spreading only, which conserved the existing pasture. Future work will track the on-going recovery of remediated and un-remediated land.
Electron Bulk Surface Density Variability in Ionosphere during Quiet Days at Low Latitudes
Authors: Drabo Kadidia Nonlo , Nanema Emmanuel , Zerbo Jean Louis , Ouattara Frederic
Published: September 2019

This work deals with electron surface density time variation in ionosphere region. The study uses international reference ionosphere (IRI) model for investigation. Total Electron Content (TEC) parameter is carried out at different levels in the F2-layer of ionosphere. The study takes place at Ouagadougou station (12,4°N and 358,5°E), in West Africa. Quiet time periods of solar cycle 22 are considered. This study considers only the maximum and minimum phases of solar cycle 22. The five quietest days of the characteristic months in each season are used in the study. Seasonal time profiles of ionosphere parameters highlight relation between Total Electron Content (TEC) and Height of F2-layer (hmF2) in ionosphere region. The results found in this study correlate closely with parameters behavior previously found in other works.
Mortality Due to Meteorological Disasters in Mexico during 2000-2015
Authors: Jáuregui-Díaz José Alfredo , Ávila-Sánchez María de Jesús , Tovar-Cabañas Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

This document aims to examine the changes in mortality induced by several extreme weather events from 2000 to 2015 in Mexico and analyze the characteristics of the victims, as well as the demographic and geographical vulnerabilities for the development of adaptive and preventive strategies for geographies and specific population groups to minimize the effects of extreme weather. The results show that mortality from natural disasters remains unacceptably high, since most of these deaths could have been prevented. The lethality of disasters occurs not only due to exposure to a certain threat, but also due to the accumulated vulnerability of certain populations. Taking into account the results of the research, prevention programs should target men of productive ages and older adults, women in particular to girls under nine years of age and older adults, which would reduce the impact on mortality due to meteorological disasters.
Classification and Regression Tree to Predict the Precipitation Labels of North-West Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Hossain Md. Moyazzem
Published: September 2019

The north-west region of Bangladesh is completely an agricultural region and prediction of precipitation labels is extremely important to people of this region as well as for the policymaker also. The assumptions free model like the CART model is very helpful to predict the precipitation categories of the north-west part of Bangladesh. The fitted CART model and the pruned CART model provide approximately eighty percent accurate prediction to predict the precipitation labels of the north-west grid in Bangladesh in this study.
The Environmental Impact of Sturgeon Pen Culture on Diversity and Spatial Distribution Patterns of the Benthic Macro Fauna Communities in Gorgan Bay
Authors: Mohammad Farhangi , Abbas Hosseini Seyed , Hojatollah Jafaryan , Rasoul Ghorbani , Mohammad Harsij , Mohammad Sudagar
Published: September 2019

Community structure and biodiversity of benthic macro fauna in around pen culture of Sturgeon fish in Gorgan Bay were studied for period of one year from August 2015 to July 2016. Seasonal samplings were carried out at 5 stations in 3 transects. In addition, depth (D), water temperature (Toc), dissolved oxygen (DO); pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (PO4-3), nitrite (NO2-) and total ammonia (NH3+) were measured in each station. Results of season variations of Physico – chemical factors of water showed that, there were no significant differences between PO4-3 (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences between BOD5, COD, NO2-, NH3+ and TDS (p<0.05). Totally, 11 genus's and 10 families belong to 3 phyla as Mollusks, Arthropods and Annelids were identified. The results showed, there were the maximum abundance percent belong to Hydrobiidae and Cochliopidae with 33.83% and 26.25% and the minimum abundance percent belong to Gammaridae with 0.05% respectively. However, the maximum abundance belongs to Pyrgohydrobia sp., from Hydrobiidae with 3410 n/m2. The results showed, there were the maximum and minimum abundance percent in autumn and spring with 1.07 and 0.88 % respectively. The results of distance-based redundancy analysis (db.-RDA) revealed that environmental factors such as depth, DO and TDS are all important in determining the distribution of macro benthic species in Gorgan Gulf. However, there were significant differences between abundance, species number (S), diversity (as Shannon–Wiener’s, H´), species richness (as Margalef’s, D), and evenness (as Pielou’s, J) (p<0.05). There were the most diversity species in 2 and 5 stations.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 8 No. 5
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: September 2019

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jfr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 5

 

Bruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, Uruguay

Cemil Kurekci, Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey

Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain

Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria

Estela de Rezende Queiroz, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil

Gisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Ilkin Yucel Sengun, Ege University, Turkey

Jose Maria Zubeldia, Gestión Sanitaria de Canarias - Gobierno de Canarias, Spain

Lenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic

Marco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Italy

Meena Somanchi, United States Department of Agriculture, United States

Muhammed Yüceer, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey

Qinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China

Raza Hussain, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Canada

Sonchieu Jean, University of Bamenda, Cameroon

Wesam Al-Jeddawi, Clemson University, USA

Won Choi, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States
Distribution of Earthquake Magnitude Levels in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Hossain Md. Moyazzem
Published: September 2019

Earthquakes are one of the main natural hazards which seriously make threats the life and property of human beings. Different probability distributions of the earthquake magnitude levels in Bangladesh are fitted. In terms of graphical assessment and goodness-of-fit criterion, the log-normal distribution is found to be the best fit probability distributions for the earthquake magnitude levels in Bangladesh among the probability distribution considered in this study. The average earthquake magnitude level found 4.67 (in Richter scale) for log-normal distribution and the approximately forty-six percent chance is predicted to take place earthquake magnitude in the interval four to five.
Effect of cultivation technology on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) productivity in marginal lands in Ukraine
Authors: Taranenko Anna , Kulyk Maksym , Galytska Maryna , Taranenko Serhiy
Published: September 2019

Growing plants for biofuel production on marginal lands is of major importance in many developing countries. As a biomass source, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a most adaptable plastic crop, forming extensive ground cover and vegetative biomass, providing a very high productivity over a short period of time. This study investigated the effects of cultivation (type of growing conditions and N fertilization rates) on biomass yields and changes in the structure of the switchgrass phytocenosis in different types of cropping systems. The biomass yields in stripe and mixed crops were higher than in single crops in the third year of cultivation. Switchgrass plants in intercrops were characterized by a greater height and number of shoots per unit area compared to mixed crops and monocultures. Biomass yields increased with each year of this research. The maximum biomass yields were attained with 30 kg ha−1 of N fertilization and the minimum yields where there was no fertilization.
Reform der ambulanten Bedarfsplanung – Auf dem Weg zum Morbiditätsbezug?
Authors: Uhlemann Thomas , Lehmann Kathleen
Published: September 2019

Die Sicherstellung einer flächendeckenden Versorgung und die Gewährleistung angemessene Zugangsmöglichkeiten für alle Versicherten, sind wesentliche Elemente der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Die Bedarfsplanung hat sich als geeignetes Instrument erwiesen. Allerdings wird sie immer wieder als veraltet, ungenau und zu wenig flexibel kritisiert. Deshalb gibt der Gesetzgeber dem G-BA vor, die Planung genauer am „tatsächlichen“ Bedarf auszurichten und Faktoren, wie die Morbidität der Bevölkerung, stärker zu berücksichtigen.
Integrierte Notfallzentren – Kernelement der zukünftigen Notfallversorgung!
Authors: Herr David , Schreyögg Jonas , Gerlach Ferdinand M.
Published: September 2019

Der Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit hat ein umfassendes Konzept zur Neuordnung der Notfallversorgung vorgestellt. Eine zentrale Rolle spielen dabei Integrierte Notfallzentren (INZ) als die wesentlichen Infrastruktureinheiten, an denen zukünftig ambulante und stationäre Notfallversorgung geleistet wird. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, wie bedarfsgerecht konzipierte INZ die Koordination und Qualität der Notfallversorgung in Deutschland erheblich verbessern würden.
Staatliche Eingriffe in den Leistungskatalog der GKV – Selbstverwaltung auf Abruf?
Authors: Egger Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Aktuelle Gesetzgebungsvorhaben stellen die Gestaltungshoheit der Selbstverwaltung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen grundlegend in Frage. Als Begründung für staatliche Eingriffe dient vor allem: Die Selbstverwaltung sei zu langsam, lege zu hohe Bewertungsmaßstäbe an und stehe dem Fortschritt im Weg. Aber stimmt das wirklich? Und welche Ziele verfolgt die Politik, wenn sie ihren Einfluss immer weiter ausbaut?
Ziehen Privatversicherte Ärzte an?
Authors: Schulze Ehring Frank , Chaibi Shereen
Published: September 2019

Die Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland steht im internationalen Vergleich gut da. Gleichwohl wird häufig - zu Recht - über einen regional unterschiedlichen Zugang der Versicherten zur medizinischen Versorgung diskutiert. In der gesundheitspolitischen Diskussion ist häufig von einer offenkundigen Schieflage, einem sichtbaren „Stadt-Land-Gefälle“ die Rede, wenn zum Beispiel medizinische Versorgungsengpässe auf dem Land beobachtet werden.
Uma reflexão autoenográfica sobre a aprendizagem e o ensino do desenho
Authors: Moreira Altamir
Published: September 2019

Esse texto aborda o tema da aprendizagem e do ensino de desenho a partir de uma vivência pessoal. Tem o objetivo de compartilhar experiências sobre um contexto específico, passível de comparações com outros casos desse campo de estudos. A partir da perspectiva autoetnográfica de David M. Hayano (1979), constrói uma narrativa biográfica cronológica. Apresenta uma síntese descritiva de eventos cotidianos relacionados à problemática do desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas do desenho figurativo. Descreve algumas das dificuldades encontradas durante as atividades de ensino de desenho em cursos de graduação na área de artes visuais. Relaciona algumas das estratégias utilizadas para superá-las, e finaliza com uma reflexão sobre o papel das repetições e correções na aquisição destas competências.
O desenho como membrana: processos, aprendizados e compartilhamentos
Authors:   UERJ, Diegues Márcio
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a importância do desenho como ferramenta sensível e produtora de conhecimento, assim como, uma técnica porosa, que atravessa e faz parte de diversos modos do saber. Em sua capacidade plástica de criar imagens, o desenho também carrega a possibilidade de emancipar a imaginação, fazendo parte de nossos projetos de vida, assim como, também, de um projeto cultural, político e social em perspectiva mais ampla. Com essas premissas, traço reflexões sobre a prática e a operação dessa linguagem, ampliando os processos porosos do desenho às urgências e necessidades do cotidiano vivido e compartilhado.
Desenho e linha: modos de Pensamento e Expressão
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Duzzo Flavia Lima
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre o conteúdo abordado no segundo capítulo da minha tese, que se estende às questões da linha no seu âmbito geral e no específico do desenho, bem como uma reflexão sobre o ato de desenhar. O estudo envolve o tema do desenho como sendo um meio direto de expressão, e a presença da linha atuando na ordenação do nosso pensamento abstrato. Questiona-se em que medida a proximidade com o desenho no dia a dia, quer pelo seu caráter de anotação ou orientação, poderia ativar a sua prática como meio de criação nas artes. Finalizo, apresentando três artistas contemporâneos que trabalham a problemática da linha na expansão do campo do desenho.
Na superfície da areia o movimento efêmero do desenho
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Schmidlin Elaine , Favero Sandra ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: September 2019

O texto aborda o desenho na superfície da areia observados em percursos estéticos realizados no Pontal da Daniela situado em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Em práticas artísticas pela orla da praia, registrou-se imagens fotográficas dos rastros de pequenas espécies, habitantes deste lugar, que configuravam desenhos singulares e espontâneos sem interferências humanas. No processo da escrita, entre articulações filosóficas e poéticas, apresentam-se essas imagens em atravessamentos com as noções de invisibilidade e visibilidade, presentes na linguagem do desenho em Jacques Derrida, e com a configuração de uma quase virtualidade em modos de ver de David Lapoujade. Finalmente, a configuração do trabalho propõe trazer os esboços que se desenham e se inscrevem no território arenoso, intensificando suas existências mínimas.
Análise da rentabilidade dos bancos de capital aberto com base em indicadores econômico-financeiros e macroeconômicos
Authors: Godoi Alexandre Franco , Aquino Carlos Élder Maciel de , Pereira José Everardo Alves , Santos José Odálio dos , Marion José Carlos
Published: September 2019

A análise do desempenho dos bancos tem sido objeto de pesquisas empíricas que procuram verificar a influência que fatores resultantes das decisões gerenciais têm sobre a estrutura de ativos, do setor de atuação, da eficiência operacional bancária e de aspectos macroeconômicos e regulatórios exercem sobre a rentabilidade dessas empresas. Com o objetivo de investigar a contribuição dos indicadores representativos das estratégias bancárias e de aspectos macroeconômicos para a rentabilidade dos bancos de capital aberto, esta pesquisa de natureza empírico-analítica, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, propõe identificar, dentro de um conjunto de proxies representativas de indicadores econômico-financeiros e macroeconômicos, os principais fatores determinantes para a rentabilidade dos quatro maiores bancos de capital aberto com ações negociadas na [B]3 Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão. O período compreendido nas análises abrange os anos de 2007 a 2017. As inferências estatísticas foram construídas com base na análise de correlações e testes de regressão linear múltipla para cada banco componente da amostra. Os resultados mostraram indícios de que a Rentabilidade Bancária, mensurada com base no Return on Equity (ROE), sofre a influência de aspectos relacionados ao Risco de Crédito (RIS), Spread Bancário (SPR), Operações de Crédito (CRE), Nível de Depósitos (DEP), Grau de Imobilização (IMO), Custo Operacional (CUS), Encaixe Voluntário (ENC), Atividade Econômica (PIB) e Taxa Básica de Juros (SEL). O Endividamento Geral (END) também foi outro aspecto determinante e com significância estatística para a rentabilidade dos bancos, dando assim indícios de relevância da estrutura de capital para os bancos de capital aberto que atuam no Brasil.
La imagen de la Prehistoria en el cine y los géneros del cine prehistórico. Un mundo de hombres mono, bikinis y dinosaurios.
Authors: Lombo Montañés Alberto
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo establece las bases de una historia de la Prehistoria en el cine. Se presenta una selección de películas y se ordenan mediante cuatro géneros cinematográ cos (comedia, animación, histórico y fantástico). También se analiza el contenido de los lms (el hombre prehistórico, la mujer prehistórica y el paisaje). Por último, se re exiona también sobre las películas que hablan sobre la evolución humana. El resultado de este trabajo resalta tres momentos principales: 1) el origen cómico del cine prehistórico (1905-1940), 2) el intento de estandarización de los estereotipos en el cine fantástico de aventuras (1940-1970), y 3) la tendencia histórica (1980-2019), que incluye un debate acerca del uso de la Prehistoria en la postmodernidad.

This article establishes the bases of a history of prehistory in cinema. We have selected some lms which are sorted into four genres (comedy, animation, historical and fantastic). We have also analyzed the content of the lms (the prehistoric man, the prehistoric woman and landscape). Finally, this article re ects also on lms about human evolution in the 21st century. The result of this work highlights three main stages: 1) the comic origin of prehistoric cinema (1905-1940), 2) the attempt at standardization of the stereotypes in the fantastic adventures’ lms (1940-1970), and 3) the historical tendency (1980-2019), as it includes a discussion about the use of prehistory in postmodernity.