bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization Behavior of Vetiver Grass Fiber-Polylactic Acid Composite
Authors: Boonying Somruetai , Sutapun Wimonlak , Suppakarn Nitinat , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Published: December 2011

this work, vetiver fiber was used as a filler for poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The thermal properties of neat PLA and vetiver fiber-PLA composites were investigated. Talc as a nucleating agent was used to compare the nucleating effect on crystallization of the composites from vetiver fiber. It was found that crystallization rate was highest in the case of talc-PLA composites. Beside, the crystallization rate of PLA with 20%vetiver fiber content was higher than that of neat PLA and 1-10% (w/w) vetiver fiber-PLA composites. The equilibrium melting temperature (T0m) of neat PLA and PLA composites was obtained from Hoffman-Weeks plot. It was found that the presence of vetiver fiber and talc caused T0m values of PLA decreased compared to that of neat PLA. In addition, T0m values of PLA decreased with increasing vetiver fiber content. For non-isothermal crystallization, degree of crystallinity ( %XC )increased with the presence of vetiver fiber compared to that of neat PLA. As vetiver fiber content increased, %XC increased. Similarly, the incorporation of talc led to an increase in %XC compared to that of neat PLA. PLA with 1%talc content showed the highest %XCcompared to neat PLA and other PLA composites. Moreover, %XC decreased with increasing talc content.
Comparison between Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid and Natural Rubber Blend Using Calcium Carbonate and Vetiver Grass Fiber as Fillers
Authors: Juntuek Punmanee , Ruksakulpiwat Chaiwat , Chumsamrong Pranee , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Published: December 2011

From our previous study, natural rubber (NR) was used to improve toughness of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Impact strength and elongation at break of PLA was increased when adding NR. Moreover, by using NR-g-GMA as compatibilizer for PLA and NR blend, impact strength and elongation at break was improved. However, tensile strength and modulus of PLA/NR blend with and without NR-g-GMA were decreased. In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and vetiver grass fiber were used as fillers in PLA/NR blend. With the addition of CaCO3 into PLA/NR blend with NR-g-GMA, impact strength and modulus of the composite were further increased with a loss in tensile strength. In contrast, the addition of vetiver grass fiber into PLA/NR blend with NR-g-GMA led to an increase in tensile strength and modulus and a decrease in impact strength and elongation at break. The onset degradation temperatures of PLA composites were lower than that of PLA and PLA/NR blend.
Sisal Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites: Effect of Fiber Content and Interfacial Modification
Authors: Wongsorat Wittawat , Suppakarn Nitinat , Jarukumjorn Kasama
Published: December 2011

Sisal fiber/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by the incorporation of sisal fiber into NR at contents of 10-30 phr. Fiber treatment (alkalization) and adding maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (NR-g-MA) were used to improve interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and NR matrix. Mechanical properties, morphologies, and cure characteristics of the composites were studied. With increasing fiber content, modulus at 100% strain (M100), modulus at 300% strain (M300), and hardness of the composites increased whereas tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. Cure time of the composites decreased with increasing fiber content but scorch time was not much affected by fiber content. Alkali treated sisal fiber/NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber/NR composite at all fiber content due to the improved adhesion between fiber and NR matrix through the mechanical interlocking mechanism. Alkalization showed no effect on scorch time and cure time of the composites. The addition of NR-g-MA into the composites increased M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness but prolonged scorch time and cure time. NR-g-MA provided more effective improvement of the mechanical properties of the composites when compared to fiber alkalization.
Anti-Fungal and Anti-Algal Performances of Biocides Filled PVC and Wood/PVC Composites
Authors: Kositchaiyong Apisit , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: December 2011

The anti-fungal and anti-algal growth performances of wood poly (vinyl chloride) composite (WPVC) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) containing either fungicides or algaecides at various concentrations were quantitatively evaluated using biological standard tests. The commercial fungicides, namely Carbendazim and IPBC in range of 10,000-50,000 ppm, and algaecides, namely Terbutryn and Isoproturon in range of 250-1,500 ppm, were incorporated into PVC and PVC composites with a fixed wood flour content of 100 pph. Disk diffusion test and dry weight technique, usingAspergillus nigeras testing fungi, were used for anti-fungal evaluation while inhibition zone test usingChlorella vulgarisas testing algae, were utilized for anti-algal evaluation. The results suggested that IPBC exhibited better anti-fungal efficiency than Carbendazim for both PVC and WPVC composites, especially at the suggested IPBC concentrations of 30,000 ppm or higher. Terbutryn showed better anti-algal efficiency than Isoproturon. The recommended loadings of Terbutryn for complete algae killing were 1,000 and 500 ppm for neat PVC and WPVC composites, respectively. The wood particles added in PVC were found to improve the anti-fungal and anti-algal properties in PVC composites, which could be regarded as “anti-microbial promoter” under the commercial biocides used in this work.
Thermal Properties, Biodegradability and Cytotoxicity of PLA/Sericin Films
Authors: Rakmae Suriyan , Suppakarn Nitinat
Published: December 2011

In this study, PLA/sericin films at various contents of sericin were prepared. Thermal properties, in vitro degradability and in vitro cytotoxicity of the films were characterized. The results illustrated that the incorporation of sericin into PLA matrix crucially affected thermal properties and biodegradability of the films and also enhanced human fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation on the film surface.
Hydrogen Fluoride Adsorption Ability of some Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Li Cai Xia , He Sheng Ju , Jiang Dan Yu , Li Qiang
Published: December 2011

Based on the traditional method of adsorption of the hydrogen fluoride, we mainly selected some typical inorganic compounds α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, CaF2and NaF as the adsorbents, studied and discussed the effect of their adsorption ability of the hydrogen fluoride gas. Comprehensive comparison showed that NaF was the best adsorbent for hydrogen fluoride gas. Meanwhile, as the raw materials for the production of hydrogen fluoride gas, CaF2was also used as an adsorbent, and the measurement showed that CaF2has barely adsorption ability for hydrogen fluoride gas. Using the electronic analytical balance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the absorption efficacy of different inorganic compounds with equal quality for the same amount of hydrogen fluoride gas was analyzed and characterized.
Preparation of Lanthanum Molybdate Powers by Sol-Gel
Authors: Fei Zhao Yang , Gong Jiang Hong
Published: December 2011

Lanthanum molybdate powders were prepared by sol-gel using lanthanum nitrate, ammonium molybdate, citric acid as the main raw materials. The prepared powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and other methods. It is concluded that the best sintering temperature was 550°C, the aging time was 1h and the best ph value was 1.5.
Fabrication of Spherical Thermal-Conductive Silicon Nitride Powder
Authors: Zhong Nan , Ning Xiao Shan , Chen Ke Xin , Peng Meng Meng
Published: December 2011

In this paper, α-Si3N4 was mixed with Y2O3 and MgO by ball milling. Spray granulation was adopted to fabricate spherical powder. The influence of the sintering temperature and the holding time on the thermal conductivity of the powder was studied. The results show that α-Si3N4 raw powder was transformed into β-phase after sintering. Spherical powder, of which the diameter is about 20 μm, was fabricated. Some compounds such as YMgSi2O5N, Y4Si2N2O7 and Y2Si3N4O3 were generated in the samples. The thermal conductivity of the pressed powder first increased then decreased with the sintering temperature rising, showing a maximum at 1800°C. Also the thermal conductivity first increased then decreased as the holding time getting longer, showing a maximum at a sintering time of 2 hours.
Effect of Bentonite on Properties of Fly Ash-Based Porous Ceramics
Authors: Liu Xiao Rong , Xiong Lin , Chen Ai Ying
Published: December 2011

Recycling fly ash in a way with high benifits is important to environmental conservation and sustainable development. Using bentonite as binder and coal powder as pore-forming agent, the fly ash-based porous ceramics was prepared and effects of bentonite on performances of the ceramics were researched. With the increasing of bentonite content from 3.0mass% to 5.0mass%, liquid phase sintering process was promoted and the bending strength improved from 5.46 to 6.09Mpa. Contrarily, the open porosity decreased from 48.18% to 44.39%. But more bentonite addition would result in some larger pores distributed inhomogeneously in the microstructure so that the bend strength fell down and porosity went up.
Preparation of Flake Silver Coated over Copper Powder
Authors: Zhu Xiao Yun , Dong Man , Yi Xu Xiao
Published: December 2011

Flake copper powder is coated with silver by using a solution containing [Ag (NH3)]+. Factors such as copper particle size distribution, [Ag (NH3)]+ concentrations and the dispersing agent are studied and correlated with the silver content of coated copper and electric conductivity. At the condition of silver concentration of 0.8 mol/L and dispersing agent of 1.0g/L a powder of copper coated with silver with electric conductivity of 0.8×10-3Ω·cm is obtained. XRD patterns indicate that the powder consists of only the Cu and Ag phases without other intermediate phases. SEM results with different silver contents reveal that when Ag content rises, its surface topography transforms through the steps: individual particles → small islands → continuous 2D layers → multi-layers.
Preparation and Property of Al87Ce3Ni8.5Mn1.5 Nanophase Amorphous Composites
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei , Zhang Li Li , Zhai Feng Rui , Tian Jia Jin , Zhang Can Bang
Published: December 2011

The higher mechanical strength of Al87Ce3Ni8.5Mn1.5 nanophase amorphous composites has been obtained with two methods. The first nanophase amorphous composites are directly produced by the single roller spin quenching technology. The method taken for the second nanophase amorphous composites is at first to obtain amorphous single-phase alloy, followed by annealed at different temperatures .The formative condition, the microstructure, the particle size, the volume fraction of α-Al phase and microhardness of nanophase amorphous composites etc have been investigated and compared by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructure of composites produced by the second method is higher than the former, the fabricated material structure of the system is more uniform and the process is easier to control.
Influence of Lanthanum on Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics by Solid State Reaction
Authors: Cai Wei , Fu Chun Lin , Lin Ze Bin , Deng Xiao Ling , Jiang Wei Hai
Published: December 2011

La-doped barium titanate ceramics with 0~1.0 at.% La2O3 were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The crystal structure and dielectric properties of La-doped barium titanate ceramics were investigated. Lanthanum ions have entered the unit cell and substituted for Ba2+ ions on the A sites of perovskite structure. The a-axis lattice constant increases and the c-axis lattice constant decreases as lanthanum content increases. Addition of lanthanum leads to the fall of the Curie temperature of La-doped BTO ceramics. There are two different doping mechanisms for La-doped BTO ceramics. The dielectric loss of BTO ceramics with 0.3 at.% La2O3 is higher than that of pure BTO ceramics. When lanthanum content is above 0.5 at.%, the dielectric loss of La-doped BTO ceramics decrease with the increasing of lanthanum content. The result of dielectric constant as a function of temperature at different frequencies indicates that La-doped BTO ceramics are not relaxor ferroelectrics but ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition.
Preparation and Characterization of the Typical Pt-NSR Catalyst
Authors: Huang Yuan Feng , Zhang Wei Jun , Shen Li , Hu Jin , Li Zhuo Heng , He Xiao Kun , Yi Xu Xiao
Published: December 2011

A series of Ba-Al-O NSR supports and Pt/Ba-Al-O NSR catalysts are prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation method in this work. The catalyst and the support are characterized by XRD, SEM, SBET performance testing. The structure and texture of the supports is observed and discussed. The results of SBET indicate that the supports possess relative high specific surface area (94~110 m2/g). Temperature programmed reduction is characterized by means of H2-TPR.
Preparation and Characterization of AlOOH/Polyimide Nanocomposite Membrane
Authors: Liao Hai Da , Zhang Wei Ping , Sun Xiao Ming , Wang Fang Fang , Lan Xin Si
Published: December 2011

Using metallurgical grade aluminum hydroxide as the raw material self-dispersed g-AlOOH nanopowders were made by sol-hydrothermal crystallization and the charge process. The AlOOH/polyimide nanocomposite membrane was prepared by compounding soluble polyamide with AlOOH using sol dispersed quasi-homogeneous blending and compounding method. TEM, XRD, IR and other techniques were employed to characterize AlOOH nanopowders and AlOOH/polyimide nanocomposite membranes, respectively. The results showed that: the particle size of AlOOH crystal was about 70nm, with good self-dispersion in water and some organic solvents; in the polyimide matrix, the AlOOH was dispersed at nanoscale, without agglomeration; when its content in composite membrane reached 15 %, it still had a good dispersion and transmission property.
Fabrication of Porous Structured SnO2/In2O3 Composite by Solid-Phase Reactive Sintering
Authors: Zhou Xiao Long , Cao Jian Chun , Hu Jin , Peng Yuan Yuan , Yu Jie , Cao Yu , Chen Jing Chao
Published: December 2011

This paper studied affect of porous structure SnO2/In2O3composites about sinter temperature and chemical content of SnO2 by solid-phase reactive sintering method. It studied on the influence of different content of SnO2 and sintering temperature to porous structure SnO2/ In2O3 composites. The microstructure and phase were analyzed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microcopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The results showed SnO2/In2O3 composites had better porous structure as following conditions: the content was 10% SnO2 in SnO2/In2O3 composites and sintering temperature was 1300°C holding 3 hours after 600°C holding 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature in the furnace.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodispersed BaTiO3 Nanocrystals Using One-Step Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Xiao Hui , Tian Zhi Bin , Zhong Cai Fu , Zhang Yi Chi , Sun Chang Ku , Li Long Tu
Published: December 2011

A convenient one-step solvothermal method has been developed to synthesize monodispersed barium titanate nanocrystals with an average size of 5 nm. The key point of this method is the controlling of hydrolysis of Ti (OC4H9)4with Diethylene glycol (DEG). The as-prepared BaTiO3nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), FT-IR and TG/DTA analysis. The monodispersed BaTiO3nanoparticles obtained by this method have an average size of 5 nm with a narrow size distribution and a lattice tetragonality of 1.0069, which is promising for the ferroelectric science and its industry application.
Study on the Mechanics State of Concrete under Penetration and the Deceleration of Projectile
Authors: Deng Tao , Ge Tao
Published: December 2011

The concrete under penetration has a restricted deform and is in intrinsic friction state. By used conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and velocity expression on wave front, the velocity field of the pulverized zone near penetration is obtained. The boundary conditions and the continuum conditions were also considered for the obtained velocity field. The pulverized concrete near the penetration is described by Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Based on the conclusions above, cavity expand theory and the expand equation of inconsistent deform, the resistance of projectile is gained in intrinsic friction state. In according to movement differential equation, the deceleration model is built which can describe different phases for penetration and perforation. The decelerations of different size projectiles with different velocity were calculated and were contrasted with experimental data.
Temperature Characteristic of Immobilization Proteins on Pt Surface Based on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Ju Xin , Wen Dian Zhong , Wang Ping , Ding Yu Jie , Feng Chang Hao
Published: December 2011

This paper investigated a method that proteins were immobilized on platinum surface based on silicon substrate according to the concept self-assembled monolayers. At first, we produced actived carboxyl groups through surface modification of platinum surface on silicon substrate in reaction solution, and then utilized condensation reaction between proteins and carboxyl groups to immobilize proteins (cattle IgG). Secondly, we showed SEM photographs of surface morphologies of immobilization cattle IgG on silicon wafer. EDS energy spectrum microanalysis of cattle IgG immobilization on silicon wafer was also obtained by means of SEM. By contrast,it was evident that proteins (cattle IgG) can be immobilized effectively on the platinum surface on silicon using the experimental methods. Finally, there were tests of I-V characteristic and I-T characteristic of immobilized cattle IgG which demonstrated its temperature coefficient is .
3D-FEM Stability Analysis of Fault Fractured Zone of Road Tunnel
Authors: Lai Jin Xing , Liu Chi , Zhou Fei
Published: December 2011

In order to analyze the stability of the tunnel construction of the fault fracture zone, by adopting the three-dimensional finite element, the paper analyzed the construction process of the Qingshashan Tunnel passing through the F5 fault fracture zone, and the rules and characteristics of deformation, stress distribution and its rules of changes, and the distribution range of the failure zone of the surrounding rock in the construction process, which would have important significance in guiding tunnel construction. Studies have shown that the three-dimensional finite element has a broad application prospect in tunnel projects.
Regulation Behavior of Microwave Reflectivity in Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Fan Ji Jun , Yu Nan Hui
Published: December 2011

In this paper, experimental study of the microwave reflection behavior in MRF was carried out. The results showed that at the same frequency the microwave reflectivity of MRF decreased with the increasing of magnetic field strength; and with the increasing of particle concentration, microwave reflectivity decreased, monotonously. Under the given magnetic field, with the increasing of microwave frequency, it first decreased, there is a lowest point at 9.2GHz, and then it increased. Usually, it is considered that the change of internal structure of MRF under external magnetic field is the main reason for the regulation behavior of microwave reflectivity.
Application of Stress Intensity to Design of Bi-Materials with a Wedge
Authors: Ping Xue Cheng , Li Xing , Xu Xiao Xiang
Published: December 2011

Failure in anisotropic/isotropic bi-materials starts at the interface, and the interfacial failure is of interest to some engineering fields such as automobile and aviation industry. Many researchers have done a lot of research on this field, but many did not consider a specific stress component near the interface corner tip as a parameter of a failure criterion. Kun Cheol Shin, introducted a failure criterion for anisotropic/isotropic bi-materials problem with a wedge. But the process of obtaining the singular stress fields of anisotropic/isotropic bi-materials is complex. To solve this problem, we have taken a new method which is from Xuecheng-Ping and M.-C. Chen.The method is new, which is based on displacement and more easily in calculating the stress and displacement fields surrounding a wedge tip than before. Through this method, we establish a criterion base on the-plan. The failure criterion can be used not only to predict stress intensities of co-cured double lap joints that with thermal and mechanical load, but also to predict stress intensities of co-cured double lap joints that with different materials or lap length. And we describe the process of calculating singular stress fields and stress intensities of co-cured double lap joints with a wedge that consists of glass fiber reinforced composites and steel adherends.
A Numerical Method to Analyze some Simple Planar Frames Subjected to Concentrated Loads with Elastic Large Deflection
Authors: Cao Tian Jie
Published: December 2011

In this paper a general numerical method to analyze some simple planar frames subjected to concentrated loads with elastic large deflection is presented. In the method some reactions or displacements at the ends of the frames with three or below redundant constraints are considered as unknown, and a numerical method based on a more-fold method of bisection is presented to solve for the unknown reactions or displacments under known boundary conditions. In the examples in the paper,the flow graphs of solving for unknown reactions or displacements are demonstrated and some analysical results are given by the aid of some graphics.These examples show that some simple frame structures with three or below redundant constraints can all be analyzed easily and quickly with the numerical method presented in the paper.
Application of High Performance Concrete with Compound Admixtures of Fly Ash and Perlite Powder in Pavement of Highway
Authors: Yu Le Hua , Ou Hui , Zhou Shuang Xi
Published: December 2011

Based on former experimental achievement in laboratory, application and construction of high performance concrete (HPC) in pavement of highway were introduced to the paper. The HPC was proportioned with compound admixtures of 12% fly ash and 12% perlite powder replacing cement in equal mass. Perlite powder of both is a new mineral admixture, originated natural volcanic rock perlite composed of mainly aluminosilicate glass, was ground to mostly under 45 μm so as to possess pozzolanic activity, and then added to concrete as a supplementary cementitious material to substitute for partial cement. Multiplex of the two admixtures is profitable to increase workability, mechanical properties and durability during post-stage for concrete in varying degrees.
The testing slump and construction fit of the fresh concrete in situ were shown that both of admixtures improved workability of the concrete. HPC samples remained in field and drilled from pavement were determined and investigated on mechanical properties and durability by means of test. It has been observed by inspected result of that flexural strength of these concrete are above 5 MPa at 28 cured days and compression strength about 40 MPa. The indexes of their abrasion resistance distribute throughout 1.94—2.63 kilo-rotation/mm at 90 days. These measured mechanical characteristics are so large enough to the technical specification of heavy traffic grade highway on mechanical property. To investigate durability of the HPC, the charge passed and the chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete at 90 cured days obtained from the accelerated chloride migration test were determined with RCM experimental equipment. The values of charge passed in the concrete were lower and ranged in 449—928 Coulomb, which revealed that the HPC are also better permeability resistance of chloride ion and be able to sustain in environment of chloride salt for 100 years. The chloride diffusion coefficients of the HPC were scattered in 1.4—4.7×10-12m2s-1. These parameters exhibited completely the HPC better or excellent for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration referent to relevant standards and information.
Building the Mathmatical Model of Elastic Deformation for Rolls System by Four-High Mill Strip Rolling with a Composite Back-Up Roll
Authors: Dong Yong Gang , Wang Ming Jia , Su Yu Long
Published: December 2011

For buliding the mathmatical model of elastic deformation for rolls system with a composite back-up roll assemblled by the shrinkage fit, the roll sleeve and roll mandrel was studied individually, the bending force was acted on the working roll and the load acted on the contact zone was discreted segment by segment, then the deflection model of the working roll and the roll sleeve and roll mandrel was put forward based on the influence function method. According to the force equilibrim function and the deformation compatibility function between the roll sleeve, the roll mandrel and working roll, the solution matrix was listed and the solving programe was compiled to solve the deflection of working roll and composite back-up roll, the pressure between the working roll and the roll sleeve and the cross-section thickness of rolled strip. Therefore, it is an important theoretical foundation to improve the manufacturing technology and practical application of the composite back-up roll.
Finite Element Analysis of Horizontal Reinforcement Ratio's Effect on Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Masonry
Authors: Wu Hui Ge , Luo Hui Lai , Gu Jie
Published: December 2011

Non-linear analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block masonry composite wall with column has been conducted using finite element software ABAQUS. First, the finite element results were verified with laboratory results of full-scale specimens. Effects of horizontal reinforcement ratio on seismic performance were investigated. The analysis indicates that shearing strength of the wall is affected by the openings greatly. Seismic performance is improved with the increase of horizontal reinforcement ratio. The effect of vertical stress on wall without openings is more than that on wall with openings. Bearing capacity of walls without openings has a linear relationship with the horizontal reinforcement ratio. And bearing capacity of walls with openings is related to the place where the reinforcements are installed as well as the horizontal reinforcement ratio.
Experimental Research on Cutting Temperature of Cemented Carbide Tools during Cutting Austenitic Manganese Steel
Authors: Han Gui Quan , Zhang Zeng Zhi
Published: December 2011

The cutting temperature rules of cemented carbide tools YW2 during cutting austenitic manganese steel ZGMn13 were investigated by experiments through systematically changing cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, cutting depth) under the condition of dry cutting. The experiential expressions for cutting temperature of tools were summarized while dominating factors for influencing cutting temperature were analyzed. The results show that accounting values by experiential formulae basically match actually measuring values by experiments which may play an important role in studying cutting law of austenitic manganese steel. Cutting speed plays a major role in determining the temperature of cutting tools, followed by feed rate and depth of cutting.
The Analysis on Track-Memory of Omnidirectional Fire Robot
Authors: Fang Shu , Xu Yan , Liu Sheng Peng , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: December 2011

The track-memory of omnidirectional fire robot is so useful in locating the robot in fire scene, ultrasonic location nor map-matching nor other methods in self-orientation are not suitable for fire robot because of the precision requirement and response speed, in this paper, a simplified method based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) is proposed, in this method the position of robot is calculated by the acceleration and angular velocity , and iterative equation is derived , as the omnidirectional fire robot is always used as a translational device, the rotations of the robot in triaxial-axis are zero, a more practical algorithm based on the triaxial accelerometer is established. A fire robot model has been set up, experiment both with smoothing curve path and un-smoothing curve path have been made, , the trajectorys are iteratived by the practical algorithm, the experimental results demonstrated the practicability and accuracy of the new simplified method.
An On-Line Fatigue Life Monitoring System for Boiler Drums Based on the Inverse Problem of Heat Conduction Method
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Bin , Wang Song Ling
Published: December 2011

A method based on solution of the inverse heat conduction problem was presented for online stress monitoring and fatigue life analysis of boiler drums. The mathematical model of the drum temperature distribution is based on the assumptions that the difference of temperature along the longitudinal axis of the boiler drum is negligible with changes only in the radial direction and the circumferential direction, and that the outer surface of drum is thermally insulated. Combining this model with the control-volume method provides temperatures at different points on a cross-section of the drum. With the temperature data, the stresses of the boiler drum are derived according to the FEM and the life expectancy of it is calculated　based on the rain flow method. Applying this method to the cold start-up process of a 300 MW boiler demonstrated the absence of errors caused by the boundary condition assumptions on the inner surface of the drum and an applicable technique for the online stress monitoring and fatigue life analysis of boiler drums.
Study and Application of Homogeneous Rare Earth IR/NR Blends in Tread Compound of All-Steel TBR Tire
Authors: Li Dian Jun , Song Shang De , Liu Nai Qing , Wang Shuo , Wang Zi Hao , Yang Jin Sheng
Published: December 2011

The homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend applied in tread compound of all-steel TBR tire was investigated,and compare to Russian SKI-3, SKI-5/NR blends and NR.The results showed homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend had similar vulcanization characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties and heat-aging resistance or even better. It was inspected that the appearance, balance, air bubbles, X-ray and homogeneity inspection test of the tires produced by homogeneous rare earth IR/NR blend by the tire factory,all the indicators were qualified. The tires passed the China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of rubber tire certification. The tires met the requirements of all-steel TBR tire.The homogeneous rare earth IR prepared by Petro China Jilin Petrochemical Company could 40 phr instead of NR using in tread compound of all-steel TBR tire,which could extend tire life and reduce tire material costs.
Study on Treatment of Cr (VI)-Containing Wastewater with Nitric Acid Modified Activated Carbon
Authors: Song Xiu Ling , Qian Hui
Published: December 2011

After activated carbon is oxidized and modified with nitric acid (1:1), its cation exchange capacity can amount to 1.840 mmol • g-1. The modified activated carbon is used as adsorbent for the treatment of Cr (Ⅵ)-containing wastewater at room temperature, and its removal mechanism is discussed in this paper. It is shown that: when the pH value of the aqueous solution being 2.5-3.0;the adsorption time being 3.0h, the removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) in the aqueous solution can reach 97% and its adsorption capacity can amount to 45.66 mg • g-1. From the results, it can be also seen that the adsorption curve to chromium in wastewater by the modified activated carbon better meets the Freundlich isotherm, and ion exchange adsorption mainly does its work.
Study on Rational Width of Entry Protection Coal-Pillar in Large Mining Height Working Face
Authors: Wang Xu Feng , Zhang Dong Sheng , Cui Ting Feng , Wang Jin Liang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper demonstrates the attempt to identify a reasonable chain pillar width in the condition of large mining height, along with a case study at the gateway of No.1103 panel with large mining height in Suancigou Mine. Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation were employed as the main approaches during the research to figure out the rational width of entry protection coal-pillar, which was then proved to be capable for engineering practice. The results that derived from our research can offer technical support for spot production, and serve as references for future investigation upon chain pillar design under large mining height.
Kinetics Study on Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Amorphous Alloy Mg65Cu15Ag10Y10
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun , Xia Tian Dong , Chen Xue Ding
Published: December 2011

The crystallization kinetics of amorphous alloy Mg65Cu15Ag10Y10 has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry in the mode of continuous heating annealing. It is found that both DSC curves and activation energy show a strong dependence on the heating rate. The activation energy for crystallization are determined as 186.1 and 184.4 KJ mol−1 for the heating rates β=5-20 Kmin−1, and 107.5 and 110.0 KJmol−1 for the heating rates β=20-80Kmin−1, when using the Kissinger equation and the Ozawa equation, respectively. Local activation energy at any volume fraction crystallized was obtained by the general Ozawa's isoconversional method. The average value of local activation energy for heating rates ranging from 5 to 20Kmin−1 is 180.9 KJ mol−1 and for heating rates ranging between 20 and 80Kmin−1 is 110.2 KJ mol−1. Using the Suriñach curve fitting procedure, the kinetics mode was specified. The JMA kinetics is manifested as a rule in the early stages of the crystallization. The JMA exponent, n, initially being larger than 4 and continuously decreases to about 2 along with the development of crystallization. The NGG-like mode dominates in the advanced stages of the transformation. These two modes are mutually independent. The proportion between the JMA-like and the NGG-like modes is related to the heating rate.
Influence of Zinc on the Microstructure and Brittle Phases of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Al / Ti Dissimilar Alloys
Authors: Chen Yu Hua , Yu Liang , Ni Quan
Published: December 2011

Titanium alloy TC1 and Aluminum alloy LF6 were butt jointed by friction stir welding (FSW) using zinc as the middle layer material. Influence of zinc on the microstructure and brittle phases were studied. The results show that, the microstructure of the nuclear zone is a mixture structure with Ti alloy particles distributed on Al alloy substrate. At the same time, XRD test results show that there TiAl3 intermetallic compounds and Zn0.69Ti0.31 intermetallic compounds in the nuclear region. The joint which is added zinc as the middle layer material becomes more brittle.
Strong Interlocked Skeleton Dense Gradation for Cement-Fly Ash Stabilized Crushed-Stones
Authors: Li Di , Jiang Ying Jun
Published: December 2011

In order to optimize the material design for cement-fly ash stabilized crushed-stones, the strong interlocked coarse skeleton gradation was put forward based on the numerical experimentation method. In addition, the vibration method was employed to carry out the experimental study on the mechanical property of the cement-fly ash stabilized crushed-stones. Besides, the influencing regularities of the mixed amount of cement and fly ash on the cement-fly ash stabilized crushed-stones were researched. The result showed that the numerically simulated coarse aggregate gradation had great interlocked power, and the fine aggregate content of 31%±3% had stabilized mechanical property. Then, strong interlocked skeleton dense gradation of the cement-fly ash stabilized crushed-stones was put forward. Furthermore, when the 7d compression strength was used as the research indicator, the best proportion of the cement and fly ash was 1:0.5~1:1, and when the ultimate strength was used as the research indicator, then, the best ratio of the cement and fly ash was 1:1~1:1.5. Therefore, the cement dosage was advised to be 3~4% and the mixture amount of fly ash was 4~5%.
Cluster Glass Behavior of Doped Cobaltite Nd0.80Sr0.20CoO3
Authors: Yang Yi Yun
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the rare earth cobaltite Nd0.80Sr0.20CoO3 sample was prepared using conventional solid state reaction method. The dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, hysteresis loop of polycrystalline Nd0.80Sr0.20CoO3 sample was carried out using the physical properties measurement system of Quantum Design. A dynamic analysis of ac susceptibility implies cluster glass transition temperature TSG =72.06 K which occurs much higher by 25 K than that point at which the dc magnetization reaches a maximum. The cluster glass behavior of polycrystalline Nd0.80Sr0.20CoO3 sample, which originates from the phase separation at low temperature, was systematically investigated in this paper. It was found that the sample has a small spontaneous magnetization and the weak frequency dependent peak so that we assume that the sample is cluster-glass.
Effective Technology of Obtaining the Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Annual Plants
Authors: Rahmonberdiev Gaffor , Murodov Muzaffar , Negmatova Komila , Negmatov Sayibjan , Lysenko Andrey
Published: December 2011

We researched and developed effective technology of obtaining carboxymethylcellulose from poplar wood, cotton cellulose and purified cotton lint using nonstandard equipment, developed on monoapparat method, which allows to obtain carboxymethylcellulose with high molecular mass and resistant to high temperatures during drilling in oil wells.
GFRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck: Stress in GFRP Bar under Ultimate Design Loads
Authors: Huang Jian Wei
Published: December 2011

In current ACI 440.1R-06 design guideline, an environmental reduction factor (ERF) is specified to account for long-term durability of GFRP bar used in reinforced concrete structures. Such ERF factor is still lack of confidence to concrete industry prior to deliberate calibrations with in-field real time data. In this paper, a parametric study on the design of GFRP bar RC bridge deck per ACI 440 guideline is presented to investigate the stress level in GFRP bar under ultimate design loads per AASHTO LRFD Specifications. Results show that tensile stress in GFRP under ultimate design loads is always less than 25% of GFRP guaranteed tensile strength f*fu, which is much lower than the design strength per as specified in ACI 440 Guideline (i.e., 0.7 f*fu). It showed that GFRP bar RC bridge deck as designed in accordance with ACI 440 guideline could give sufficient safety margin.
Influence of Cations in Anolytes on the Power Efficiency in the Electrokinetic Remediation of Chromium(VI)-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Niu Yuan Yuan , Zhou Shi Chen , Tan Xue Ying , Xu Ping , Li Dong
Published: December 2011

In the electrokinetic (EK) remediation of contaminated soils, the ions in porous fluid move out of soil and meanwhile the ions in electrolytes move in, resulting in the changes of soil conductance and remediation efficiency. This paper investigated the influence of different cations on the power efficiency of EK remediation of chromium-contaminated soils with Fe2+, Ca2+, H+, K+, and Na+ ions. Results showed that the cations of low equivalent ionic conductance can effectively decrease the power consumption meanwhile not deteriorating the removal rate of total chromium.
Risk Assessment and Remediation of Cd-Contaminated Site
Authors: Sun Xiao Song , Liu An Ping , Zhao Fang , Sun Xiao Nan , Sun Jian Ming
Published: December 2011

Based on early environmental investigation of the contaminated site, this paper conducts risk assessment for the particular Cd-contaminated site (S-block), acquires the remediation scope of contaminated soils and puts forward a corresponding remediation project accordingly, and then monitors and compares the Cd content before and after remediation. The results indicate that the risk assessment can reflect contamination distribution and contamination level of S-block, which provides a reliable basis for targeted remediation, and the monitoring results show that S-block has been remedied effectively.
Investigation of Contaminated Soils and Plants by Mn in Manganese Mining Area in Xiushan Autonomous County of Chongqing
Authors: Zhu Tao , Jiang Chang Sheng , Hao Qing Ju , Huang Xiao Juan
Published: December 2011

The manganese contents of soils and dominant plants from the manganese mining areas in Xiushan autonomous county of Chongqing were researched in this paper. The results showed that the Mn pollution of soil in the Mn mining tailings were very serious with high indexes (Igeo>5), and sewage irrigated soil was also contaminated by manganese metal. The uptake of Mn by dominant plants can be classified into three types according to the Mn contents in plant shoots and roots, (1) the accumulator which absorbs a large content of Mn by the roots and transports it to the shoots, (2) the root compartment which also absorbs a large content of Mn but mainly in the roots, and (3) the excluder which absorbs a smaller content of Mn than the accumulator. The edible parts of radishes and peppers growing in the Mn mining tailings and cropland were all seriously polluted by manganese and not safe for human health.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Brownfield Quality in Different Industries
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Jian , Luo Wen Juan , Ke Liang , Huang Pei Yu , Xiang Bin
Published: December 2011

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in Chongqing, effect of heavy metals on brownfield has been paid more and more attention. 8 brownfields in steel industry, 15 brownfields in chemical industry, 18 brownfields in machining industry and 7 brownfields in pharmaceutical industry were selected as research objects, and eight heavy metals including mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (Ar), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in soil were analyzed. Single factor pollution index (SFPI) and integral pollution index (IPI) was used to assess the pollution degree of these sites. The comprehensive results showed that the brownfields in the 4 studied industries had been affected by the heavy metals which produced in industrial activities. Machining industry had the greatest impact on the brownfield in Chongqing, also, the effect of chemical industry and steel industry to the soil were tremendous. Only pharmaceutical industry had little influence on the soil environment.
Detoxification of Chromium-Containing Slag by Chromium-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Tan Huai Qin , Gao Huan Fang , Zhou Hang , Liu Yi Feng , Shen Fang Zhou
Published: December 2011

Chromium-containing slag is one of the most hazardous solid waste because of the high content of dissolvable Cr (VI). Bacterial strains which can remove Cr (VI) efficiently were isolated from chromium-containing slag. The effect of processing parameters, such as quantity of chromium-containing slag, initial pH, temperature and agitation speed on the detoxification of chromium-containing slag were detected in the experiment. The results shows that the detoxification effect is reduced along with the quantity of chromium-containing slag is increased, and the optimized parameters for removing Cr (VI) from chromium-containing slag using the mixed strains are as follows: temperature = 30°C, pH = 7.0, agitation speed = 150 rpm. The detoxification experiments of the mixed strains indicated that the detoxification of chromium-containing slag is related to the growth law of the microorganisms, and the removal of Cr (VI) occurred primarily in the first 24h which is the exponential growth period of the mixed strains. At the same time, the bacterial strains can efficiently accelerate Cr (VI) leaching rate and remove it.
The Remediation Standards and Evaluation Methods for Remediation Effectiveness of Contaminated Soil
Authors: Cui Fang , Yuan Bo
Published: December 2011

The contaminated soil remediation standard formulation's aim is under the premise of ensuring the reuse of contaminated land, to reduce or cut the contaminants which cause to receive in the more serious contaminated soil environment is insufficient to lead to greater ecological damage and health risks. In this paper, some suggestions on the establishment of remediation standards for contaminated soils such as clean technology factors, factors of soil background values, standards and regulations to control pollution of ecological factors and assessment of toxicological risks were put forward, based on the analysis of the disadvantages of soil environmental quality standard research on evaluation methods for remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil, commonly used evaluation methods, such as phytotoxicity testing, terrestrial invertebrate toxicity testing, soil microorganism toxicity testing and biomarker assessment methods were described. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed.
A Risk Management Framework for Users’ Integratation in Product Innovation
Authors: Song Wen Yan , Ming Xin Guo , Wu Zhen Yong , Xu Zhi Tao , He Li Na
Published: December 2011

The necessity of integrating users into innovation process is widely researched. However, there is little literature on risks of users’ integration. Thus, a risk management framework for users’ integration in product innovation process is established based on the characteristics of user’s collaborative work. Meanwhile, key techniques, methods and processes supporting this framework are also discussed. Meanwhile, a risk factors reference set for users’ integration in product innovation is proposed, which is rare in other product innovation risk researches. Besides, the author provides evaluation process to evaluate performance of the proposed risk management framework. Also, recommendations for future research have been suggested.
Constitutive Equation of an Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg Alloy in Superplastic Deformation
Authors: Han Yin Ben , Li Zhuo Liang , Zhou Ge , Cao Fu Rong , Ding Hua , Yu Fu Xiao
Published: December 2011

The hot deformation characteristics of Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy were investigated on an Instron5500 electronic universal testing machine at strain rates ranging from 1.67×10-4 s-1 to 1.67×10-3 s-1 and testing temperatures ranging from 460 °C to 520 °C. The results show that strain rate had a great effect on the flow stress. The flow stress increased with increasing the strain rate. The true stress-strain curves of the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy were obtained, and the strain rate sensitivity and hot deformation parameters of deformation activation energy were calculated. The hot deformation constitutive equation with hyperbolic sine form was also obtained. The test calculations demonstrate that the constitutive equation describes the deformation features of the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy well.
Circumferences Lead to Enhancements of Nonresonant Third-Order Susceptibilities for Carbon Nanotube Bundles
Authors: Cheng Wen Dan , Lin Chen Sheng , Zhang Hao
Published: December 2011

Nonresonant enhancements of third-order susceptibility χ(3)(-ω; ω, ω, -ω) have been investigated for zigzag carbon nanotube (n,0) bundles (n = 5, 7, 11, 13, 8, 10, 14, 16) based on the energy band theory combined with the classic anharmonic oscillator model. The obtained results show that the (3) values increase as circumference of tube varies in the order of 5<7<11<13 and 8<10<14<16 for (n,0) tube bundles, respectively. The origination of the large third-order susceptibility is ascribed to the circumference effect of individual tube. The nonresonant third-order susceptibility is estimated to be about 10-6 esu in the axial direction of (16,0) tube bundles, and it is possible for a good candidate to make optical phase conjugate device.