bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un caso paradigmático de sprawl: la costa de la provincial de Alicante
Authors: Martí Ciriquián Pablo , Nolasco Cirugeda Almudena
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo analiza la profunda transformación territorial que ha tenido lugar en el litoral

de la provincia de Alicante durante el periodo 1990-2006. A partir de los datos ofrecidos por el

proyecto Corine Land Cover y la información urbanística de las administraciones públicas, se

analizan las características del nuevo suelo artificializado. Los resultados evidencian que este

fenómeno ha sido muy intenso, especialmente en dos aspectos: por un lado, en el litoral se han

ocupado la mayoría de los espacios vacantes y, en aquellos que estaban ya ocupados, la

urbanización ha crecido hacia el interior; por otro lado, se ha configurado un nuevo espacio

territorial vinculado a los nuevos viarios de gran capacidad, ocupando espacios que antes

carecían de accesibilidad. Todas estas transformaciones han cambiado de manera muy

importante las características del territorio tal y como se conocía hasta el momento, creando

nuevos espacios de oportunidad no exentos de unos considerables costes medioambientales y

económicos.

El present treball analitza la profunda transformació territorial que tingut lloc al litoral de la província d'Alacant durant el període 1990-2006. A partir de les dades ofertes pel projecte Corine Land Cover i la informació urbanística de les administracions públiques, s'analitzen les característiques del nou sòl artificialitzat. Els resultats evidencien que aquest fenomen ha estat molt intens, especialment en dos aspectes: per un banda, en el litoral s'han ocupat la majoria dels espais vacants i, en aquells que estaven ja ocupats, la urbanització ha crescut cap a l'interior; per altra banda, s'ha configurat un nou espai territorial vinculat als nous viaris de gran capacitat, ocupant espais que abans els mancava l'accessibilitat. Totes aquestes transformacions han canviat de manera molt important les característiques del territori tal i com es coneixia fins el moment, creant nous espais d'oportunitat no exempts d'uns considerables costos mediambientals i econòmics.

This paper studies the significant territorial transformation that has taken place within the coast of the Alicante province during the period 1990-2006. Based on Corine Land Cover project data and Public Administration information about urban planning, the characteristics of new artificial surfaces have been analysed. The results prove the great importance of this phenomenon, especially in two aspects. On the one hand, most of coastal vacant spaces have been occupied, while those already occupied extended inland. On the other hand, the construction of motorways and other roads greatly improved access to new inner areas. All the above described land transformations have significantly changed the character of the territory by creating new opportunity spaces; however, these were not exempt from considerable environmental and economic costs.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: December 2017

GPO issues digital Congressional Record for 1891-1911Nominations sought for ACRL Board of DirectorsOCLC and Internet Archive collaborate to expand library access to digital collectionsCLIR awards Recordings at Risk grantsOpenAthens Cloud launchesEBSCO Health introduces Dynamic HealthProject MUSE announces new book collectionsProQuest adds 6,000 ebooks to Academic Complete
Beyond buttonology: Digital humanities, digital pedagogy, and the ACRL Framework
Authors: Russell John E. , Hensley Merinda Kaye
Published: December 2017

There is a danger with digital humanities instruction of falling into the trap of buttonology. By buttonology, we do not mean the study of buttons, nor do we intend the derision of August Strindberg, who, in his story “The Isle of the Blessed,” coined the word buttonology to mock scholarly pedantry.Buttonology is, in its simplest terms, software training that surveys different features of an interface in an introductory manner. In a library one-shot, teaching the library discovery system or showing how to perform an advanced search in a database would be buttonology. Knowing how to upload texts into a tool like Voyant does not help researchers think about what texts should be uploaded, how selecting data relates to a research question, or even what constitutes an effective research question. This type of teaching does not encourage critical thinking, yet digital humanities instruction, in our experience, is frequently focused on showing how to use software rather than reflect on the broader context.
Marketing for the beginner: Resources from the ACRL Library Marketing and Outreach Interest Group
Authors: Davis Lindsay , Park Jen , Dantus Sabine , Davidson Chris , Lafazan Bonnie Cohen , Petit Joan
Published: December 2017

Are you new to outreach work? Were you tasked with planning events highlighting your services, collections, or spaces and don’t know where to start? Do you need to create promotional materials but have no background in design? Is there little to no budget? The administrators of ACRL’s Library Marketing and Outreach Interest Group have put together a beginner’s guide that includes groups to join, blogs and websites to read, free and low-cost graphic design tools, collections of free images and icons, and other online resources that spark inspiration when you have hit the proverbial creativity wall.
Grants and Acquisitions
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: December 2017

The University of Virginia Library has received $750,000 from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to complete the work of establishing the Social Networks and Archival Context (SNAC) Cooperative. SNAC began as a Research and Demonstration project with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (2010–2012), followed by funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (2012–2015). The project demonstrated the feasibility of separating the description of persons, families, and organizations—including their social-intellectual networks—from the description of the historical resources that are the primary evidence of their lives and work. For this final phase of establishing the Cooperative, the University of Virginia Library is collaborating with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and 27 other cooperative members. The SNAC Cooperative aspires to improve the economy and quality of archival processing and description, and, at the same time, to address the longstanding research challenge of discovering, locating, and using distributed historical records by building a global social-document network using both computational methods and human curation.
ACRL Annual Report 2016-2017
Authors: College & Research Libraries Association of
Published: December 2017

This report highlights ACRL’s many accomplishments during the 2017 fiscal year across the four strategic goal areas highlighted in the Plan for Excellence—the value of academic libraries, student learning, and the research and scholarly environment—along with the association’s enabling programs and services.See the ACRL FY17 Budget Report supplement for additional information.
Influence of sulfite and fluoride soil contamination on the pigment content in some species of arboreal plants
Authors: Prysedsky Yuriy , Lykholat Yuriy
Published: December 2017

Industrial pollution of soil exerts a great negative influence on plant organisms. In particular, plants that grow in soil polluted with high-density metals, sulfur compounds (SO42–), chlorine (Cl–), etc., are characterized by growth inhibition and reduced metabolic activity. Additionally, plants play a significant role in optimizing the environment.
The objects of the investigation were sprouts of five woody plant species – Gleditcia triacantos L., Quercus robur L., Lonicera tataricum L., Eleagnus angustifolia L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., which were cultivated in the soil contaminated with fluoride and sulfite.
The content of chlorophyll a in the stable plants (Eleagnus angustifolia L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L.) decreases by 6.2‒190.0%, and chlorophyll b decreases by 3.1‒124.6% in comparison to control plants. All variations of pollutants inserted into soil cause a significant decrease in the level of chlorophyll a (14.7‒55.4%) for not-stable Lonicera tataricum L. The amount of chlorophyll b decreases 1.45‒1.88 times for this species.
For stable species Eleagnus angustifolia L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., the changes in the the content of carotenoids are characterized by their 4.5–5.5-times decrease in comparison to the control plants. For unstable species (Gleditcia triacantos L., Lonicera tataricum L.), the content of carotenoids decreases by 36.5‒86.3%.
Políticas turísticas y urbanísticas en torno al patrimonio cultural en la Comarca de los Pueblos Blancos de Cádiz: análisis de los casos de Olvera y Zahara de la Sierra
Authors: Albarrán Periáñez José David
Published: December 2017

La situación económica de las últimas décadas en las zonas agrarias españolas, la crisis de las actividades primarias o la excesiva confianza en el sector de los servicios han favorecido la búsqueda de nuevas fórmulas de generación de riqueza en los territorios rurales de España, relacionadas, en muchos casos, con la diversificación económica a través de la puesta en valor con fines turísticos de su patrimonio cultural, algo que a veces ha consagrado estos lugares como zonas usadas, consumidas y disfrutadas por unos individuos distintos a los residentes. En algunos casos este fenómeno, unido al desarrollo de políticas urbanísticas de crecimiento, ha propiciado procesos de museificación de las zonas urbanas históricas que han podido favorecer el abandono de las mismas por parte de la población residente, impulsado a su vez por el traslado de servicios, las restricciones por catalogación, etc. El método del análisis de casos permitió estudiar este fenómeno en dos municipios de la comarca de los Pueblos Blancos de la Sierra de Cádiz para establecer diferencias entre las políticas implementadas en este sentido y los resultados conseguidos, identificándose una serie de problemas relacionados con la falta de participación ciudadana y la escasez e inoperancia de las políticas de rehabilitación.
Factores competitivos determinantes del liderazgo turístico de España en 2015
Authors: Montero-Muradas Isabel , Oreja-Rodríguez Juan Ramón
Published: December 2017

El concepto de competitividad turística ha sido ampliamente debatido en ambientes académicos y profesionales, presentando actualmente un doble problema de delimitación y de medición. De los diferentes modelos existentes, el más conocido es el modelo del World Economic Forum (WEF) que presenta un posicionamiento competitivo de 141 economías, mediante su Travel and Tourism Competitivenes Index (TTCI), que recoge aspectos de la agenda neoliberal, que ha de ser considerados para lograr el éxito tanto en los destinos como en sus organizaciones gestoras (en inglés: Destination Management Organizations: DMO). España es líder mundial en competitividad turística en el informe del WEF de 2015 y, de acuerdo al doble problema destacado, se pretende con este trabajo conocer las base de la competitividad de España y su posicionamiento competitivo. El logro de esos objetivos se realizará utilizando la Teoría de la Medición de Rasch (TMR), que permite la medición objetiva del modelo competitivo del WEF, y en particular del posicionamiento competitivo de las 141 economías, así como de los factores (pilares) determinantes de esos posicionamientos. Las conclusiones referidas a España evidencian los factores competitivos determinantes de su posicionamiento en el modelo del WEF de 2015. España dispone de un alto nivel en los factores claves en el mercado turístico mundial: pilar 4 (Human Resources and Labour Market), pilar 2 (Safety and Securit) y pilar 3 (Health and Hygiene). Mientras que destaca sus fortalezas en algún factor no clave: pilar 6 (Priorization of Travel & Tourism), pilar 11 (Ground and Port Infrastructure), pilar 12 (Tourist Service Infrastructure) y pilar 14 (Cultural Resources and Business Travel). El pilar 8 (Price Competitiveness) es una debilidad de España. Esta situación se compensa, en términos relativos, dado que sus competidores directos están en una situación peor.
Patrimonio, viñedo y turismo: recursos específicos para la innovación y el desarrollo territorial de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Plaza Tabasco Julio José , Cañizares Ruiz María del Carmen , Ruiz Pulpón Ángel Raúl
Published: December 2017

La revalorización del patrimonio cultural y la promoción del enoturismo constituyen factores indiscutibles de desarrollo en Castilla-La Mancha, puesto que, una vez integrados, desempeñan un papel clave en la consolidación de los procesos de gobernanza y en la creciente diversificación económica de las explotaciones agrarias. La implantación de estas estrategias está resultando bastante interesante en ciudades de tamaño medio como Alcázar de San Juan, ejemplo que permite descubrir la importancia de la construcción de capitales sociales territoriales para impulsar nuevos modelos productivos más sostenibles.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of avian neural crest migration reveals signatures of invasion and molecular transitions
Authors: Morrison Jason A , McLennan Rebecca , Wolfe Lauren A , Gogol Madelaine M , Meier Samuel , McKinney Mary C , Teddy Jessica M , Holmes Laura , Semerad Craig L , Box Andrew C , Li Hua , Hall Kathryn E , Perera Anoja G , Kulesa Paul M
Published: December 2017

Neural crest cells migrate throughout the embryo, but how cells move in a directed and collective manner has remained unclear. Here, we perform the first single-cell transcriptome analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration at three progressive stages in chick and identify and establish hierarchical relationships between cell position and time-specific transcriptional signatures. We determine a novel transcriptional signature of the most invasive neural crest Trailblazer cells that is consistent during migration and enriched for approximately 900 genes. Knockdown of several Trailblazer genes shows significant but modest changes to total distance migrated. However, in vivo expression analysis by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry reveals some salt and pepper patterns that include strong individual Trailblazer gene expression in cells within other subregions of the migratory stream. These data provide new insights into the molecular diversity and dynamics within a neural crest cell migratory stream that underlie complex directed and collective cell behaviors.
Computationally-driven identification of antibody epitopes
Authors: Hua Casey K , Gacerez Albert T , Sentman Charles L , Ackerman Margaret E , Choi Yoonjoo , Bailey-Kellogg Chris
Published: December 2017

Understanding where antibodies recognize antigens can help define mechanisms of action and provide insights into progression of immune responses. We investigate the extent to which information about binding specificity implicitly encoded in amino acid sequence can be leveraged to identify antibody epitopes. In computationally-driven epitope localization, possible antibody–antigen binding modes are modeled, and targeted panels of antigen variants are designed to experimentally test these hypotheses. Prospective application of this approach to two antibodies enabled epitope localization using five or fewer variants per antibody, or alternatively, a six-variant panel for both simultaneously. Retrospective analysis of a variety of antibodies and antigens demonstrated an almost 90% success rate with an average of three antigen variants, further supporting the observation that the combination of computational modeling and protein design can reveal key determinants of antibody–antigen binding and enable efficient studies of collections of antibodies identified from polyclonal samples or engineered libraries.
Sodium salt medium-chain fatty acids andBacillus-based probiotic strategies to improve growth and intestinal health of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Simó-Mirabet Paula , Piazzon M. Carla , Calduch-Giner Josep Alvar , Ortiz Álvaro , Puyalto Mónica , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna , Pérez-Sánchez Jaume
Published: December 2017

Background

The increased demand for fish protein has led to the intensification of aquaculture practices which are hampered by nutritional and health factors affecting growth performance. To solve these problems, antibiotics have been used for many years in the prevention, control and treatment against disease as well as growth promoters to improve animal performance. Nowadays, the use of antibiotics in the European Union and other countries has been completely or partially banned as a result of the existence of antibiotic cross-resistance. Therefore, a number of alternatives, including enzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, phytonutrients and organic acids used alone or in combination have been proposed for the improvement of immunological state, growth performance and production in livestock animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two commercially available feed additives, one based on medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from coconut oil and another with aBacillus-based probiotic, in gilthead sea bream (GSB,Sparus aurata), a marine farmed fish of high value in the Mediterranean aquaculture.

Methods

The potential benefits of adding two commercial feed additives on fish growth performance and intestinal health were assessed in a 100-days feeding trial. The experimental diets (D2 and D3) were prepared by supplementing a basal diet (D1) with MCFAs in the form of a sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillate (DICOSAN®; Norel, Madrid, Spain), rich on C-12, added at 0.3% (D2) or with the probioticBacillus amyloliquefaciensCECT 5940, added at 0.1% (D3). The study integrated data on growth performance, blood biochemistry, histology and intestinal gene expression patterns of selected markers of intestinal function and architecture.

Results

MCFAs in the form of a coconut oil increased feed intake, growth rates and the surface of nutrient absorption, promoting the anabolic action of the somatotropic axis. The probiotic (D3) induced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with changes in circulating cortisol, immunoglobulin M, leukocyte respiratory burst, and mucosal expression levels of cytokines, lymphocyte markers and immunoglobulin T.

Discussion

MCFA supplementation showed positive effects on GSB growth and intestinal architecture acting mainly in the anterior intestine, where absorption takes place. The probioticB. amyloliquefaciensCECT 5940 exhibited key effects in the regulation of the immune status inducing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects which can be potentially advantageous upon infection or exposure to other stressors. The potential effects of these feed additives in GSB are very promising to improve health and disease resistance in aquaculture.
The presence of genes encoding enzymes that digest carbohydrates in coral genomes and analysis of their activities
Authors: Yoshioka Yuki , Tanabe Toshiaki , Iguchi Akira
Published: November 2017

Numerous enzymes that digest carbohydrates, such as cellulases and chitinases, are present in various organisms (e.g., termites, nematodes, and so on). Recently, the presence of cellulases and chitinases has been reported in marine organisms such as urchin and bivalves, and their several roles in marine ecosystems have been proposed. In this study, we reported the presence of genes predicted to encode proteins similar to cellulases and chitinases in the genome of the coral Acropora digitifera, their gene expression patterns at various life stages, and cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzyme activities in several coral species (A. digitifera, Galaxea fascicularis, Goniastrea aspera, Montipora digitata, Pavona divaricata, Pocillopora damicornis, and Porites australiensis). Our gene expression analysis demonstrated the expressions of these cellulase- and chitinase-like genes during various life stages, including unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, zygotes, planula larvae, primary polyps and adults of A. digitifera. Agar plate assays confirmed cellulase and chitinase activities in the tissues extracted from adult branches of several coral species. These results suggested that corals are able to utilize cellulases and chitinases in their life histories.
The Tissue Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation on Rectal Mucosa
Authors: Yanagita Takeshi , Tsunoda Akira , Hoshi Kazuei , Kano Nobuyasu , Kusanagi Hiroshi
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the depth of radiofrequency ablation on the rectum. Many elderly people have a rectal mucosal prolapse. The procedure combining radiofrequency ablation and plication of the rectal mucosa was reported as an effective means of treatment. However, no pathologic review of the technique has been reported thus far. This study was conducted from January 2012 to August 2013 at the authors' institution. Thirty rectal specimens obtained from 15 patients who underwent stapled transanal rectal resection were coagulated by radiofrequency ablation using TissueLink at power settings of 30 or 50 W and examined histologically. Mucosal epithelia of all specimens was desquamated after radiofrequency ablation. The distance from the mucosal surface to the lamina muscularis mucosae was significantly shorter in ablated specimens than that of normal mucosa and significantly shorter in proportion to coagulation power settings. This study demonstrated that at least mucosal epithelia disappeared histologically after radiofrequency ablation.
Recurrent Intussusception due to Multiple Intestinal Metastases From Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sato Harunobu , Ozeki Shinji , Yoshizawa Atsuhiko , Okabe Asako , Kuroda Makoto , Uyama Ichiro
Published: December 2017

Metastasis to the small intestine presents occasionally as multiple lesions and is associated with numerous complications. However, metastasis-induced intussusception in adults is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of recurrent intussusception induced by metastatic lesions from lung cancer. A 54-year-old male was referred to our hospital with intermittent lower right abdominal pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass, suggesting lung cancer, and abdominal CT showed characteristic target-shaped lesions highly suggestive of enteric intussusception in the ileum. The patient underwent segmental resection of the intussuscepted ileum, and analysis of the resected specimen identified a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma that was pathologically and immunohistologically identical to the lung specimen obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy. Although the symptoms transiently resolved after surgery, intussusception recurred 3 weeks later, and the patient died 28 days after surgery. Multiple metastatic lesions should be considered in adult intussusception, particularly in patients with a history of malignancy.
Ultrathin Graphdiyne Nanosheets Grown In Situ on Copper Nanowires and Their Performance as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Shang Hong , Zuo Zicheng , Li Liang , Wang Fan , Liu Huibiao , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang
Published: November 2017

A method is presented for the scalable preparation of high‐quality graphdiyne nanotubes and ultrathin graphdiyne nanosheets (average thickness: ca. 1.9 nm) using Cu nanowires as a catalyst. For the storage of Li+ ions, the graphdiyne nanostructures show a high capacity of 1388 mAh g−1 and high rate performance (870 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, and 449.8 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1) with robust stability, demonstrating outstanding overall potential for its applications.
Lithium‐Catalyzed Thiol Alkylation with Tertiary and Secondary Alcohols: Synthesis of 3‐Sulfanyl‐Oxetanes as Bioisosteres
Authors: Croft Rosemary A. , Mousseau James J. , Choi Chulho , Bull James A.
Published: November 2017

3‐Sulfanyl‐oxetanes are presented as promising novel bioisosteric replacements for thioesters or benzyl sulfides. From oxetan‐3‐ols, a mild and inexpensive Li catalyst enables chemoselective C−OH activation and thiol alkylation. Oxetane sulfides are formed from various thiols providing novel motifs in new chemical space and specifically as bioisosteres for thioesters due to their similar shape and electronic properties. Under the same conditions, various π‐activated secondary and tertiary alcohols are also successful. Derivatization of the oxetane sulfide linker provides further novel oxetane classes and building blocks. Comparisons of key physicochemical properties of the oxetane compounds to selected carbonyl and methylene analogues indicate that these motifs are suitable for incorporation into drug discovery efforts.
High nitrate removal by starch‐stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles in aqueous solution in a controlled system
Authors: Rajab Beigy Mahdieh , Rasekh Behnam , Yazdian Fatemeh , Aminzadeh Behnoush , Shekarriz Marzieh
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted to investigate biodenitrification efficiency with starch‐stabilized nano zero valent iron (S‐nZVI) as the additional electron donor in the presence of S2O3 in aqueous solutions, under anaerobic conditions. The main challenge for nZVI application is their tendency to agglomeration, thereby resulting in loss of reactivity that necessitates the use of stabilizers to improve their stability. In this study, S‐nZVI was synthesized by chemical reduction method with starch as a stabilizer. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image shows S‐nZVI has a size in the range of 5–27.5 nanometer. Temperature and S‐nZVI concentration were the important factors affecting nitrate removal. Biodenitrification increased at 35°C and 500 mg/L of S‐nZVI, in these conditions, biodenitrification efficiency increased from 40.45 to 78.84%. Experimental results suggested that biodenitrification increased by decreasing initial nitrate concentration. In the bioreactor biodenitrification rate was 94.07% in the presence of S‐nZVI. This study indicated that, Fe2+ could be used as the only electron donor or as the additional electron donor in the presence of S2O3 to increase denitrification efficiency.
miR‐221/222 cluster expression improves clinical stratification of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (TaT1) patients' risk for short‐term relapse and progression
Authors: Tsikrika Foteini D. , Avgeris Margaritis , Levis Panagiotis K. , Tokas Theodoros , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Scorilas Andreas
Published: November 2017

Clinical heterogeneity of bladder cancer prognosis requires the identification of bladder tumors' molecular profile to improve the prediction value of the established and clinically used markers. In this study, we have analyzed miR‐221/222 cluster expression in bladder tumors and its clinical significance for patients' prognosis and disease outcome. The study included 387 tissue specimens. Following extraction, total RNA was polyadenylated at 3′‐end and reversed transcribed. SYBR‐Green based qPCR assays were performed for the quantification of miR‐221/222 expression. Extensive statistical analysis was completed for the evaluation of miR‐221/222 cluster's clinical significance. The expression of miR‐221/222 is significantly downregulated in tumors compared to normal urothelium, while ROC curve and logistic regression analysis highlighted cluster's discriminatory ability. However, miR‐222 levels were increased in muscle‐invasive (T2‐T4) compared to superficial tumors (TaT1), and in high compared to low‐grade tumors. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis revealed the stronger risk of TaT1 patients overexpressing miR‐222 for disease short‐term relapse and progression following treatment. Moreover, multivariate Cox models highlighted the independent prognostic value of miR‐222 overexpression for TaT1 patients' poor prognosis. Finally, the analysis of miR‐222 expression improved significantly the positive prediction strength of the clinically used prognostic markers of tumor stage, grade, EORTC risk‐stratification and recurrence at the first follow‐up cystoscopy for TaT1 patients' outcome, and resulted to higher clinical net benefit following decision curve analysis. In conclusion, the expression of miR‐221/222 cluster is deregulated in bladder tumors and miR‐222 overexpression results to a superior positive prediction of TaT1 patients' short‐term relapse and progression.
Leveraging the learning health care model to improve equity in the age of genomic medicine
Authors: Blizinsky Katherine D. , Bonham Vence L.
Published: November 2017

To fully achieve the goals of a genomics‐enabled learning health care system, purposeful efforts to understand and reduce health disparities and improve equity of care are essential. This paper highlights 3 major challenges facing genomics‐enabled learning health care systems, as they pertain to ancestrally diverse populations: inequality in the utility of genomic medicine; lack of access to pharmacogenomics in clinical care; and inadequate incorporation of social and environmental data into the electronic health care record. We advance a framework that cannot only be used to directly improve care for all within the learning health system but can also be used to focus on the needs to address racial and ethnic health disparities and improve health equity.
Patient participation, a prerequisite for care: A grounded theory study of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of what participation means in a paediatric care context
Authors: Carlsson Ing‐Marie , Nygren Jens M. , Svedberg Petra
Published: November 2017

Aims

To explore healthcare professionals’ perceptions of what patient participation means in a paediatric care context.

Design

A qualitative explorative design with grounded theory.

Methods

Fifteen healthcare professionals who worked in paediatric care settings were either interviewed or asked open‐ended questions in a survey, during December 2015–May 2016. Grounded theory was used as a method.

Results

The study results provide a theoretical conceptualization of what patient participation meant for healthcare professionals in paediatric care and how participation was enabled. The core category “participation a prerequisite for care” emerged as the main finding explaining the concept as ethical, practical and integrated in the care givers way of working. However, the concept was implicit in the organization. Four additional categories illustrated the healthcare professionals’ different strategies used to enhance patient participation; “meeting each child where the child is,” “building a relationship with the child,” “showing respect for each individual child” and “making the most of the moment.”
Flexural strengthening of structural concrete with iron‐based shape memory alloy strips
Authors: Michels Julien , Shahverdi Moslem , Czaderski Christoph
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a study on structural concrete retrofitting with iron‐based shape memory alloys (Fe‐SMA). Initially, the Fe‐SMA strip is prestrained at ambient temperature with a remaining deformation. Subsequently, it is applied on the structure as an end‐anchored strip. The shape memory effect, characterized by the material’s back transformation to its initial shape, is created upon heating at an elevated temperature of about 160°C. In this case, a mechanical end anchorage refrains the alloy to develop its recovery in strain and hence transforms it to a recovery stress, which results in a prestress in the concrete substrate. The ease of installation of the strip itself combined with an efficient and rapid direct fastening method render this strengthening technique highly competitive for the market. In this paper, material characteristics such as the ductile behavior of the alloy in tension as well as its activation by means of fast resistive heating are presented. The application on reinforced concrete beams is described and static loading tests are shown in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the technique. An improved structural behavior at service state proves that Fe‐SMA strips are an efficient and innovative method for structural strengthening. Finally, a site application is presented. It demonstrates that Fe‐SMA strips are a competitive solution for replacing existing, more pricy, and technically more complicated methods.
SYK model, chaos and conserved charge
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritabrata , Chakrabarti Subhroneel , Jatkar Dileep P. , Kundu Arnab
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We study the SYK model with complex fermions, in the presence of an all-to-all q-body interaction, with a non-vanishing chemical potential. We find that, in the large q limit, this model can be solved exactly and the corresponding Lyapunov exponent can be obtained semi-analytically. The resulting Lyapunov exponent is a sensitive function of the chemical potential μ. Even when the coupling J, which corresponds to the disorder averaged values of the all to all fermion interaction, is large, values of μ which are exponentially small compared to J lead to suppression of the Lyapunov exponent.
Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Choi Young Hee , Han Hyo-Kyung
Published: November 2017

Nanomedicines have evolved into various forms including dendrimers, nanocrystals, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles since their first launch in the market. Widely highlighted benefits of nanomedicines over conventional medicines include superior efficacy, safety, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of pharmaceutical ingredients. Especially, various kinetic characteristics of nanomedicines in body are further influenced by their formulations. This review provides an updated understanding of nanomedicines with respect to delivery and pharmacokinetics. It describes the process and advantages of the nanomedicines approved by FDA and EMA. New FDA and EMA guidelines will also be discussed. Based on the analysis of recent guidelines and approved nanomedicines, key issues in the future development of nanomedicines will be addressed.
Modern gyrokinetic formulation of collisional and turbulent transport in toroidally rotating plasmas
Authors: Sugama H.
Published: November 2017

Collisional and turbulent transport processes in toroidal plasmas with large toroidal flows on the order of the ion thermal velocity are formulated based on the modern gyrokinetic theory. Governing equations for background and turbulent electromagnetic fields and gyrocenter distribution functions are derived from the Lagrangian variational principle with effects of collisions and external sources taken into account. Noether’s theorem modified for collisional systems and the collision operator given in terms of Poisson brackets are applied to derivation of the particle, energy, and toroidal momentum balance equations in the conservative forms which are desirable properties for long-time global transport simulation. The resultant balance equations are shown to include the classical, neoclassical, and turbulent transport fluxes which agree with those obtained from the conventional recursive formulations.
Nivel jerárquico, dominancia y niveles de cortisol salival como parámetro de estrés
Authors: Camacho-Gutiérrez Everardo , Vega-Michel Claudia , Ortiz-Valdez Juan , Batiz-Flores Paola
Published: November 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar si existen diferentes niveles de cortisol en trabajadores universitarios en función de su posición en la jerarquía institucional. Con base en estudios previos, que encontraron tanto en primates como en humanos que los individuos subordinados tienen más cortisol que los individuos dominantes en sociedades estables y en situación de reposo, se buscó replicar dichos estudios en el contexto de unauniversidad. Se trabajó con 144 empleados, 89 hombres y 55 mujeres, que pertenecían a personal dirigente, mandos medios y personal operativo.Se tomaron 2 muestras salivales por la tarde con un intervalo de 30 min y se promediaron. Los resultados mostraron que los mandos medios tienenmayores niveles de cortisol que los dirigentes, pero estos a su vez tienen más cortisol que el personal operativo. Se discute respecto a cómo lasinteracciones sociales institucionales y la dimensión de poder de las mismas regulan los niveles de estrés de los individuos que trabajan en estecontexto. Se mencionan algunas de las implicaciones metodológicas de este tipo de evaluaciones, así como sus implicaciones prácticas.
Does stress and university adjustment relate to health in Peru?
Authors: Chau Cecilia , Saravia Juan Carlos
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between university adaptation, perceived stress and mental and physical health. We also evaluated if perceived stress mediated the relationship between university adaptation and health. A cross-sectional study was carried out among general studies undergraduate students of one private university in Lima, Peru. The sample was composed of 200 students with an average of 18.13 years old (SD = 1.41). Multiple regression and mediation analyses were assessed to understand the relationship between university adaptation and health. Multiple linear regression estimations had the following results for mental and physical health. Interpersonal relationships in university better related to mental health. This model was composed by Interpersonal, Estudio and Carrera, which accounted for 23% of the whole model. Physical health model was composed of perceived stress and Estudio which accounted for 22% of the whole model of physical health.  Mediation analysis showed that perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between Estudio and physical health. Our findings could help further understand how college students are adjusting in order to have a better health. These findings have important implications on assessing interventions for students that are struggling to adapt to college demands.
L’interprétation multiforme du multiculturalisme par les tribunaux canadiens (1981-2015)
Authors: Rocher François , Brassard-Dion Nikola
Published: November 2017

Cette recherche consiste en une analyse de la signification que les tribunaux canadiens ont donnée au terme multiculturalisme. L’objectif est double. D’abord, identifier le contexte de l’utilisation du terme et cerner la signification qui lui est accordée. Ensuite, contraster la compréhension du multiculturalisme par l’État fédéral avec celle à laquelle souscrivent implicitement les tribunaux. Bien que ces derniers recourent souvent aux principes du multiculturalisme, leur conception n’est pas univoque et son champ d’application s’est rapidement élargi, allant au-delà de ce qui avait été prévu au moment de l’adoption du terme en 1971.
Non-rigidity for circle homeomorphisms with several break points
Authors: ADOUANI ABDELHAMID , MARZOUGUI HABIB
Published: November 2017

In this work, we consider two class $P$-homeomorphisms, $f$ and $g$, of the circle with break point singularities, that are differentiable maps except at some singular points where the derivative has a jump. Assume that they have the same irrational rotation number of bounded type and that the derivatives $\text{Df}$ and $\text{Dg}$ are absolutely continuous on every continuity interval of $\text{Df}$ and $\text{Dg}$, respectively. We show that if $f$ and $g$ are not break-equivalent, then any topological conjugating $h$ between $f$ and $g$ is a singular function, i.e., it is continuous on the circle, but $\text{Dh}(x)=0$ almost everywhere (a.e.) with respect to the Lebesgue measure. In particular, this result holds under some combinatorial assumptions on the jumps at break points. It also generalizes previous results obtained for one and two break points and complements that of Cunha–Smania which was established for break equivalence.
Inertial settling of a sphere through an interface. Part 1. From sphere flotation to wake fragmentation
Authors: Pierson Jean-Lou , Magnaudet Jacques
Published: November 2017

Experiments are performed to better understand the characteristics of the flow induced by the gravity-driven settling of a rigid sphere through a two-layer arrangement of immiscible Newtonian fluids, mostly in inertia-controlled regimes. High-speed video imaging is employed to follow the sphere motion and the deformation of the interface separating the two fluids. The viscosity ratio between the lower and upper fluids is varied by four orders of magnitude, making it possible to observe highly contrasting interface patterns. Depending on the properties of the sphere and the fluids, the sphere may either float steadily at the interface or cross it by pulling a column of the upper fluid into the lower one. This column, which may be axisymmetric or three-dimensional depending on the relative magnitude of inertia effects in the upper fluid, generally pinches off at some position located either close to the initial interface or, more frequently, close to the sphere. Its lower part then recedes towards the sphere, forming a drop which remains attached to its top half. However, when inertia effects in the lower fluid are large enough and the upper fluid is not ‘too’ viscous, the tail quickly undergoes a complete fragmentation, giving birth to a large quantity of filaments and droplets. These various interface configurations are qualitatively analysed using the five independent dimensionless parameters characterizing the system, and regime maps based on the most relevant of them are provided. The influence of several of these parameters on four specific features observed in the course of the experiments, namely the pinch-off position, the floating/sinking transition, the volume of the attached drops and the average size of the droplets formed during the fragmentation process, is examined in detail. A simple model providing qualitative or quantitative predictions is established in each case, and its validity and limitations are assessed against experimental observations.
Görtler vortices in low-Reynolds-number flow over multi-element airfoil
Authors: Wang Jiang-Sheng , Feng Li-Hao , Wang Jin-jun , Li Tian
Published: November 2017

The low-Reynolds-number flow over a multi-element airfoil (30P30N) is investigated with time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) and flow visualization (FV). Dominant flow structures over the main element of the multi-element airfoil are explored with the variation of angle of attack ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$). It is of great importance that Görtler vortices are first observed with this configuration at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=2^{\circ }{-}12^{\circ }$, which is quite different from the high-Reynolds-number cases. The characteristics of the Görtler vortices are explored to determine the origin of these unexpected flow structures. It is found that these Görtler vortices travel in the spanwise direction. Secondary counter-rotating vortices are induced beneath the main Görtler vortices. The travelling property of the Görtler vortices is utilized to determine the positions of the main Görtler vortices and the secondary counter-rotating vortices. It is observed that Görtler vortices reside above the separated shear layer originating from the leading-edge separation of the main element. The secondary counter-rotating vortices are located within the separated shear layer, as a result of the interaction between the Görtler vortices and the separated shear layer. The relative positions of the Görtler vortices, the secondary counter-rotating vortices and the separated shear layer result in a special transition scenario within the separated shear layer. The position of Görtler vortices combined with the Rayleigh discriminant indicates the mechanism that the Görtler vortices are generated by a virtual curved boundary. The travelling property of the Görtler vortices, which is different from the classical stationary Görtler vortices, can also be interpreted by this mechanism. Ultimately, modified criteria for generating Görtler vortices with a virtual curved boundary are proposed to provide references for the follow-up works.
Te Whakahōnere ngā Wawata o te Whānau: Honouring the Educational Aspirations of Whānau Māori in two English-Medium Primary Schools in the Otago-Southland regions in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Whitinui Paul
Published: November 2017

This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a study carried out in two English-medium primary (elementary) schools (years 1–6) located in the Otago-Southland regions between 2014 and 2015. The purpose of the study aimed to explore the educational aspirations whānau Māori (i.e., Māori family) want for their children, and to build better relationships for teaching and learning in these two schools. The opportunity to bring whānau Māori together using a school hui (i.e., formal school meeting) process, not only created a culturally safe space for whānau Māori to share their thoughts, ideas and concerns about their children's education, but it also provided an opportunity for constructive feedback, and a greater awareness of the success enablers for whānau Māori and their children. A key finding to emerge, is that, whānau Māori not only see the provision of schooling and education for their children as an extension of who they are as culturally connected learners, but also as a medium for learning more about their own cultural norms, values, beliefs, strengths and attributes.
Ability to Reach Low-Income Smokers Enrolled in a Randomised Controlled Trial Varies with Time of Month
Authors: Hawk Kathryn , Shi Ruizhi , Weiss June , Makuch Robert , Toll Benjamin , Bernstein Steven L.
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Because of financial pressures, low-income individuals sometimes run out of cellphone service towards the end of the month.

Aims: To determine if the time of month affects ability to reach low-income smokers by telephone.

Methods: We reviewed data from a completed trial in the United States of emergency department (ED)-initiated tobacco dependence treatment for low-income smokers at a busy, academic ED in an urban community. We recorded the date of each one-month follow-up call, and divided each month into four time blocks: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4.

Results: A total of 2,049 phone calls were made to reach 769 participants. Of these calls, 677 (33%) resulted in contact; 88% of all participants were contacted. Using generalised estimating equations with Week 4 as reference, the odds of a successful contact at Weeks 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively, 1.52 (95% CI 1.18, 1.96), 1.30 (95% CI 1.01, 1.66), and 1.37 (95% CI 1.07, 1.76).

Conclusions: Study participants became progressively difficult to reach. This result may reflect low-income smokers’ decreased rates of active telephone service later in the month and suggests a mechanism to improve follow-up rates in future studies of low-income populations.
Underweight increases the risk of early death in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Yen Yung-Feng , Tung Fu-I , Ho Bo-Lung , Lai Yun-Ju
Published: November 2017

Evidence regarding the association between BMI and mortality in tuberculosis (TB) patients is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the impact of BMI on TB-specific and non-TB-specific mortality with respect to different timing of death. All Taiwanese adults with TB in Taipei were included in a retrospective cohort study in 2012–2014. Multinomial Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations between BMI, cause-specific mortality and timing of death. Of 2410 eligible patients, 86·0 % (2061) were successfully treated, and TB-specific and non-TB-specific mortality occurred for 2·2 % (54) and 13·9 % (335), respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, underweight was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1·57; 95 % CI 1·26, 1·95), whereas overweight was not. When cause-specific death was considered, underweight was associated with an increased risk of either TB-specific (AHR 1·85; 95 % CI 1·03, 3·33) or non-TB-specific death (AHR 1·52; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·95) during treatment. With joint consideration of cause-specific and timing of death, underweight only significantly increased the risk of TB-specific (AHR 2·23; 95 % CI 1·09, 4·59) and non-TB-specific mortality (AHR 1·81; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·55) within the first 8 weeks of treatment. This study suggests that underweight increases the risk of early death in TB patients during treatment.