bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between household’s asset ownership and food security: panel data evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Shifat Zannatul Ferdous , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Begum Ismat Ara , Iqbal Md Asif , Sarma Paresh Kumar , McKenzie Andrew M.
Published: January 2025

Food security remains a critical challenge in Bangladesh, with many households experiencing periodic shortages and nutritional deficiencies. It is necessary to ensure a consistent and adequate food supply for its rapidly growing population, amidst economic and environmental vulnerabilities. In light of this, this study looks into the association between food security and household asset ownership, addressing whether increasing asset accumulation can significantly improve food security status among households. Using panel data and the two rounds of comprehensive and inclusive Bangladesh Integrated Household Surveys (BIHS-2015, 2018), a fixed-effects model is used in this study to take endogeneity issues and unobserved heterogeneity into consideration. The food consumption score and per capita calorie consumption are employed to determine food security. The result found that households with productive assets positively and considerably impact the availability of food calories and asset ownership strengthens households’ income-generating capacity. Furthermore, there are additional significant variables that support the ownership of resources, like annual income and farm size, which are closely linked to enhancing calorie intake and food security as well. Enhancing asset ownership among vulnerable households could significantly bolster food security. Moreover, policies aimed at diversifying household assets and improving access to markets can provide a buffer against food insecurity. By focusing on asset-building strategies, policymakers can foster a more resilient food system that ensures consistent access to food for all households while also increasing households’ incomes by owning assets.
Differences in livelihood satisfaction between ethnic groups after selling farmland for renewable energy power projects in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam
Authors: Quang Nguyen Ngoc
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the factors affecting livelihood satisfaction and the differences between ethnic groups after selling farmland for renewable energy power projects in the Ninh Thuan province of Vietnam. Quantitative data were collected through direct questionnaires from 294 households selling land. Factor analysis and related tests were conducted to refine the scale and test the model, and structural equation modeling was conducted to assess the impact of factors on farmers’ livelihood satisfaction and compare the model between the Kinh and ethnic minority groups. The results showed that for the Kinh, all aspects impact livelihood satisfaction, in which economic-financial capital and natural capital have a stronger impact; for the minority group, natural capital has the strongest impact, and physical capital and social capital have insignificant impacts. This result indicates the need for individual solutions suitable for each group to promote livelihood satisfaction.
Toxicity of standing milkvetch infected with Alternaria gansuense in white mice
Authors: Yang Bo , Nan Zhi Biao , Li Yan Zhong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens) is widely distributed in the wild in Eurasia and North America and has been bred for cultivated forage in China. Yellow stunt and root rot disease caused by Alternaria gansuense is the primary disease of standing milkvetch. A. gansuense promotes the production of swainsonine in the plant. This study aimed to determine the safety of standing milkvetch that is infected with A. gansuense as forage for animals.

Methods

Two-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) male white mice were fed a commercial mouse feed (CMF), healthy plant feed (HPF) and diseased plant feed (DPF) for 3 or 6 weeks. We observed histological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of the mice and measured their daily feed intake, daily water intake, body weight, feed utilization, organ coefficients, and activities of serum enzymes.

Results

The results showed that the daily feed intake of the mice that were fed DPF and HPF was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those fed CMF at 3 and 6 weeks. The highest increase was observed in the daily water intake of the mice fed HPF (p < 0.05) followed by DPF and CMF. However, the mice fed DPF gained the least weight (p < 0.05). There was a significantly higher percentage of liver weight to body weight of the mice fed DPF (p < 0.05) than those fed HPF for 3 weeks and those fed CMF for 3 and 6 weeks. There were significantly higher levels of concentrations of alanine aminotransferase in the mice fed DPF and HPF than those fed CMF for 3 weeks (p < 0.05) and 6 weeks (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mice fed HPF than those fed DPF. There were significantly higher of lactate dehydrogenase concentration (p < 0.001), while the blood urea nitrogen was lower in the mice fed DPF than those fed HPF and CMF at 3 weeks. There was a significantly higher percentage of numbers of lymphocytes in the blood of the mice fed DPF (p < 0.05) than those fed HPF, but the percentages of monocytes and eosinophils were significantly lower. Comparatively, there were more apparent pathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of the mice fed with DPF than in those fed with HPF.

Discussion

These findings indicate that standing milkvetch was toxic to white mice, and infection with A. gansuense increased its toxicity. Therefore, we conclude that standing milkvetch plants infected by A. gansuense must never be used as animal feed under any circumstances. Additionally, the amount of healthy standing milkvetch fed to animals should be appropriate, avoiding long-term or excessive feeding.
Developing and evaluating a health pack to support dog owners to manage the weight of their companion animals
Authors: Webb Thomas L. , Molina Jenifer , Sheridan Libby , du Plessis Hugues , Brown Joanna , Abraham Hannah , Morton Oliver , McKay Susan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Obesity is a serious and prevalent problem in dogs. The causes are multifactorial, but owners play a key role and so this paper reports the development and evaluation of a health pack designed to help owners to manage the weight of their dogs.

Method

The pack was informed by previous research, behavior change theory (i.e., the COM-B model), and interviews with 12 veterinary professionals to identify challenges and potential solutions. Six workshops with a total of 28 dog owners provided feedback on the initial ideas. The pack included information on the importance of weight management, how to weigh and assess body condition score (BCS), a journal to track progress, an infographic illustrating the calorific value of treats, cards to help owners manage difficult situations, and a collar tag for the dog. The acceptability of the materials and potential outcomes were evaluated in a pre-registered pilot trial with a sample of 78 dog owners who were posted a health pack, 49 of whom completed a follow-up questionnaire.

Results

The findings suggested that owners were willing to weigh their dog, found the pack acceptable, and there was preliminary evidence that the weight and BCS of dogs was lower at follow-up than at baseline.

Discussion

The findings illustrate the potential of a health pack for supporting dog owners and provide the basis for a larger RCT to formally evaluate effectiveness.
Effects of in ovo feeding of vitamin C on embryonic development, hatching process, and chick rectal temperature of broiler embryos
Authors: Du Shan , Zhou Jianchuan , Ao Xiang , Zhu Yufei
Published: January 2025

Maternal nutritional status plays a crucial role in embryonic development and has persistent effects on postnatal chicks. Vitamin C (VC) plays an important role in embryonic and postnatal development involved in nutri-epigenetics. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of VC on embryonic development, egg hatching time, and chick rectal temperature. Trial 1 was conducted under normal incubation conditions without the IOF procedure and was designed to analyze the characteristics of embryonic development and establish the scoring standards for yolk absorption and the rupture of the shell membrane. The results showed that the relative weight of the embryo and residual yolk and the organ indexes were reliable indicators of embryonic development. Yolk absorption was scored 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, with a higher score indicating more complete absorption. In addition, the rupture of the shell membrane was divided into two cases: YES and NO. Trial 2 included three groups, control (CON), normal saline (NS), and vitamin C (VC), and was designed to detect the effects of IOF of VC on the indicators in trial 1, as well as the plasma biochemical indicators. At embryonic age 11 (E11), each egg in the CON group was non-injected, each egg in the NS group was injected with 0.1 mL of sterile normal saline, and each egg in the VC group was injected with 0.1 mL of sterile normal saline containing 3 mg vitamin C. The whole day of E21 was evenly divided into three time periods: early (incubation hours 480–488), middle (incubation hours 488–496), and late (incubation hours 496–504). Among the CON, NS, and VC groups, the percentages of the early-hatched chicks (egg hatching time) were 29.31, 12.00, and 33.90%, respectively. The proportions of early and middle hatched chicks in these groups were 51.72, 42.00, and 38.27%, respectively. The rectal temperature of chicks was lower (p < 0.05) in the VC group than in the CON and NS groups. Compared to the NS group, the plasma biochemical indicators in the VC group showed significantly lower levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), GLB, total bilirubin (TBIL), TBA, uric acid (UA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and corticosterone (CORT) (p < 0.05). Additionally, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had an increasing trend (p = 0.059) in the VC group. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that VC accelerated the hatching process and reduced chicks’ rectal temperature, which may be related to the improvement of liver function and changes in metabolism, as indicated by blood biochemical indicators.
A Multi-Branch Convolution and Dynamic Weighting Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Acoustic–Vibration Information Fusion
Authors: Sun Xianming , Yang Yuhang , Chen Changzheng , Tian Miao , Du Shengnan , Wang Zhengqi
Published: January 2025

Rolling bearings, as critical components of rotating machinery, directly affect the reliability and efficiency of the system. Due to extended operation under high load, harsh environmental conditions, and continuous use, bearings become more susceptible to failure, leading to a higher likelihood of malfunction. To prevent sudden failures, reduce downtime, and optimize maintenance strategies, early and accurate diagnosis of rolling bearing faults is essential. Although existing methods have achieved certain success in processing acoustic and vibration signals, they still face challenges such as insufficient feature fusion, inflexible weight allocation, lack of effective feature selection mechanisms, and low computational efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose a dynamic weighted multimodal fault diagnosis model based on the fusion of acoustic and vibration information. This model aims to enhance feature fusion, dynamically adapt to signal characteristics, optimize feature selection, and reduce computational complexity. The model incorporates an adaptive fusion method based on a multi-branch convolutional structure, enabling unified processing of both acoustic and vibration signals. At the same time, a cross-modal dynamic weighted fusion mechanism is employed, allowing the real-time adjustment of weight distribution based on signal characteristics. By utilizing an attention mechanism for dynamic feature selection and weighting, the robustness of classification is further improved. Additionally, when processing acoustic signals, a depthwise separable convolutional network is used, effectively reducing computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms other algorithms in terms of convergence speed and final performance. Additionally, the accuracy curve during training showed minimal fluctuation, reflecting higher robustness. The model achieved over 99% diagnostic accuracy under all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, showcasing exceptional robustness and noise resistance in both noisy and high-SNR environments. Furthermore, its superiority across different data scales, especially in small-sample learning and stability, highlights its strong generalization capability.
AI-Driven Sustainable Marketing in Gulf Cooperation Council Retail: Advancing SDGs Through Smart Channels
Authors: Salhab Hanadi , Zoubi Munif , Khrais Laith T. , Estaitia Huda , Harb Lana , Al Huniti Almotasem , Morshed Amer
Published: January 2025

This paper explores how AI drives GCC sector retail towards the fulfillment of the UN SDGs. Analyzing a survey conducted on 410 retail executives, using PLS-SEM, this study underlines the role of AI in promoting operational efficiency, waste reduction, and consumer engagement with greener products. Key highlights include that AI-enabled marketing strategies improve the adoption of sustainable practices among consumers; AI-powered smart distribution channels enhance supply chain efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and optimize logistics. For a retailer, practical applications of AI include the use of AI in demand forecasting to potentially reduce waste, personalized marketing to efficiently promote sustainable products, and deploying smart systems that reduce energy consumption. While these benefits are real, data privacy and algorithmic bias remain valid concerns, thus underlining the need for ethics and transparency in the practice of AI. The following study provides actionable insights for GCC retailers on how to align AI adoption with sustainability goals, fostering competitive advantages and environmental responsibility.
Cross-Stressful Adaptation to Drought and High Salinity Is Related to Variable Antioxidant Defense, Proline Metabolism, and Dehydrin b Expression in White Clover
Authors: Ling Yao , Wang Duo , Peng Yan , Peng Dandan , Li Zhou
Published: January 2025

A previous exposure to drought priming (DP) or salt priming (SP) could significantly improve future tolerance to both the same and different abiotic stresses, which is an effective mitigation strategy for plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions. If the type of stress priming is different from subsequent abiotic stress, this indicates that plants are trained to acquire cross tolerance. The objective of this study was to explore DP-regulated cross tolerance to salt stress and SP-induced cross tolerance to drought associated with changes in growth, antioxidant defense, proline metabolism, and the expression of the dehydration-responsive gene Dehydrin b involved in the stabilization of membrane systems, cryoprotection of intracellular proteins, and enhancement in water retention capacity in white clover (Trifolium repens). Plants were pretreated by initial DP or SP and then subjected to subsequent salt stress or drought stress for 10 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that DP significantly increased number of roots during subsequent salt stress, whereas SP significantly improved stem length, root length, and number of roots under drought stress, which indicated that the SP exhibited more pronounced and positive effects on mitigating subsequent drought-induced growth retardant. Both salt stress and drought resulted in significant increases in electrolyte leakage and contents of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malonaldehyde due to reduced superoxide dismutase, peroxide, and catalase, as well as key enzyme activities in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. SP or DP could significantly enhance these enzyme activities to alleviate subsequent drought- or salt-induced oxidative damage. SP or DP also significantly improved the accumulation of proline contributing to better water homeostasis by promoting biosynthetic enzyme activities (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and aminotransferase) and restricting proline dehydrogenase activity for proline degradation under drought or salt stress, respectively. In addition, SP significantly up-regulated the expression of dehydrin b under drought stress, but DP failed to induce the expression of dehydrin b in response to subsequent salt stress. The current findings proved that the pre-exposure of white clover plants to DP or SP could effectively mitigate the negative effects of subsequent salt stress or drought related to some common and different pathways. Plants pretreated by initial DP or SP exhibited better adaption to subsequent different stress by regulating growth, physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional changes.
Understanding Genetic Regulation of Sex Differentiation in Hermaphroditic Fish
Authors: Fang Junchao , Li Guanglve , Luo Wenyin , Hu Qiaomu
Published: January 2025

As a fundamental taxonomic group within vertebrates, fish represent an invaluable resource for investigating the mechanisms underlying sex determination and differentiation owing to their extensive geographical distribution and rich biodiversity. Within this biological cohort, the processes of sex determination and differentiation are intricately governed by both genetic factors and the complex interplay of environmental cues. While variations in external environmental factors, particularly temperature, can exert a modulatory influence on sex differentiation in fish to a limited degree, genetic factors remain the primary determinants of sexual traits. Hermaphroditic fish display three distinct types of sexual transitions: protandry (male to female), protogyny (female-to-male), bidirectional sex change (both directions serially). These fish, characterized by their unique reproductive strategies and sexual plasticity, serve as exemplary natural models for elucidating the mechanisms of sex differentiation and sexual transitions in fish. The present review delves into the histological dynamics during gonadal development across three types of sequential hermaphroditic fish, meticulously delineating the pivotal characteristics at each stage, from the inception of primordial gonads to sexual specialization. Furthermore, it examines the regulatory genes and associated signaling pathways that orchestrate sex determination and differentiation. By systematically synthesizing these research advancements, this paper endeavors to offer a comprehensive and profound insight into the intricate mechanisms governing sex differentiation in sequential hermaphroditic fish.
Alleviating Clostridium perfringens-Induced Intestinal Lesions in Chickens Using the Xylanase CbXyn10C and Its Binary Cocktail with a Protease
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Hao Zhenzhen , Yang Daoxin , Ji Wangli , Guo Kairui , Sun Xianhua , Wang Shuai , Yang Shuyan , Ma Jianshuang , Wang Tong , Luo Huiying , Yao Bin , Zhang Meiling , Wang Yuan , Huang Huoqing , Su Xiaoyun
Published: January 2025

Clostridium perfringens infection can induce necrotic enteritis and lead to significant economic loss to the chicken industry. In this study, a xylanase (CbXyn10C), which effectively promotes the growth of probiotics, and a protease, which degrades the biofilm of C. perfringens, were analyzed for their ability to alleviate C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. A total of 300 male AA chickens were divided into five treatment groups (control, no enzyme and no C. perfringens challenge; Cp, no enzyme, C. perfringens challenge; Xyn, CbXyn10C plus C. perfringens challenge; Xyn+Am, CbXyn10C+Amylase plus C. perfringens challenge; Xyn+Ap, CbXyn10C+Alkaline protease plus C. perfringens challenge). The C. perfringens CVCC 60102 was administered orally on a daily basis to the chickens from 14 to 20 days. In comparison with Cp, Xyn+Ap significantly reduced intestinal damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of chickens challenged with C. perfringens (p < 0.05). The enzymes, and particularly Xyn+Ap, notably enhanced the expression of key intestinal barrier genes, reduced the IL-6 level, and decreased the DAO (diamine oxidase) level. Not unexpectedly, feeding enzymes influenced the abundance of Lactobacillus and Butyricicoccus bacteria in the intestine. These results indicated that CbXyn10C and protease can be used to alleviate intestinal damage caused by C. perfringens infection.
Use of Immunostimulants in Shrimp Farming—A Bioeconomic Perspective
Authors: Nolasco-Alzaga Héctor Rodrigo , Monreal-Escalante Elizabeth , Gullian-Klanian Mariel , de Anda-Montañez Juan Antonio , Luna-González Antonio , Aranceta Fernando , Araneda-Padilla Marcelo E. , Angulo Carlos
Published: January 2025

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food industry worldwide because it allows faster intensive production in a limited space and short time. However, the trade-off of this production scheme has led to infectious disease outbreaks that harm food production with economic impacts. Immunostimulants have entered the industry to fight against diseases by enhancing the immune system and conferring better protection against pathogens. In this regard, dietary immunostimulants have been tested at the farm level, such as carbohydrates and proteins known to enhance immunity and improve survival rates under experimental conditions. Despite the success of immunostimulant inclusion in experimental aquaculture, economic evaluation is an innovative avenue to be integrated when a novel immunostimulant is developed. The bioeconomic analysis permits the accurate demonstration of advantages or disadvantages regarding survival and yield performance upon immunostimulant application through mathematical and statistical estimates. An integrative bioeconomic model for testing a novel immunostimulant should contemplate technological, biological, and economic submodels at least; thus, financial variables, such as revenue, costs, and profitability, should also be considered for proper decision-making. Therefore, this perspective briefly describes the most relevant immunostimulants used in shrimp farms and offers bioeconomic elements that should be considered for affordable immunostimulant development and inclusion in shrimp aquaculture.
A Novel Bacteriophage with the Potential to Inhibit Fusobacterium nucleatum-Induced Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Lam Ho Yin Pekkle , Lai Meng-Jiun , Wang Pin-Chun , Wu Wen-Jui , Chen Li-Kuang , Fan Hsiang-Wei , Tseng Chun-Chieh , Peng Shih-Yi , Chang Kai-Chih
Published: January 2025

Background: Increasing evidence shows that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) largely affects colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and progression; therefore, the inhibition of intratumoral F. nucleatum may be one realistic approach to combat CRC. Although antibiotics are helpful in eliminating bacteria, the major problem remains the rise of potential antibiotic-resistant strains and antibiotic-associated adverse effects. Currently, bacteriophage therapy has gained interest because of its high selectivity to bacterial hosts and may become a realistic approach in treating bacteria-associated cancers. Methods: In this study, a new F. nucleatum bacteriophage, ØTCUFN3, was isolated and its biological characteristics were identified. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to investigate the effect of ØTCUFN3 in combating F. nucleatum-induced CRC growth. Results: By applying ØTCUFN3 to F. nucleatum-induced CRC cell lines, p53+/+, and p53−/− isogenic HCT116 cells, our results revealed an inhibition of CRC proliferation and the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. ØTCUFN3 injection also reduced the growth of F. nucleatum-induced mouse xenografts. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the use of F. nucleatum bacteriophage against CRC, laying the foundation for the future usage of bacteriophage in cancer treatment.
Whole Blood Metabolomic Profiling of Mice with Tacrolimus-Induced Chronic Nephrotoxicity: NAD+ Depletion with Salvage Pathway Impairment
Authors: Nishida Sho , Ishima Tamaki , Iwami Daiki , Nagai Ryozo , Aizawa Kenichi
Published: January 2025

Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (TAC nephrotoxicity) is a serious issue for long-term graft survival in kidney transplantation. However, the pathophysiology of TAC nephrotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed whole blood samples from mice that developed TAC nephrotoxicity in order to discover its mechanism. Mice were divided into a TAC group and a control group (n = 5 per group). The TAC group received TAC subcutaneously (1 mg/kg/day for 28 days), while the control group received normal saline instead. After the administration period, whole blood was collected and metabolomic analysis was performed, revealing significant changes in 56 metabolites. The major metabolic changes were related to uremic toxins, vascular damage, and NAD+. NAD+ levels were significantly lower in the TAC group, and ADP-ribose, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide N-oxide, which are degradation products of NAD+, were significantly higher, suggesting impairment of the NAD+ salvage pathway. NAD+ deficiency suggests cellular aging and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may induce vascular damage and chronic kidney disease. Our study demonstrated a correlation between low NAD+ levels and the pathophysiology of TAC nephrotoxicity.
Feature Fusion Model Using Transfer Learning and Bidirectional Attention Mechanism for Plant Pipeline Leak Detection
Authors: Han Yujin , Choi Yourak , Lee Jonghyuk , Bae Ji-Hoon
Published: January 2025

The aging of power plant pipelines has led to significant leaks worldwide, causing environmental damage, human safety risks, and economic losses. Rapid leak detection is critical for mitigating these issues, but challenges such as varying leak characteristics, ambient noise, and limited real-world data complicate their accurate detection and model development. To address these issues, we propose a leak detection model that integrates stepwise transfer learning and an attention mechanism. The proposed model utilizes a two-stage deep learning process. In Stage 1, one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs) are pre-trained to extract root mean square (RMS) and frequency-domain features from acoustic signals. In Stage 2, the classifier layers of the pre-trained models are removed, and the extracted features are fused and processed using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network. An attention mechanism is incorporated within the LSTM to prioritize critical features, enhancing the ability of the model to distinguish leak signals from noise. The model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%, significantly outperforming the traditional methods considered in this study. By effectively addressing noise interference and data scarcity, this robust approach demonstrates its potential to enhance safety, reduce risks, and improve cost efficiency in industrial pipelines and critical infrastructure.
Clinical Features and Rehabilitation Needs in Patients with Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection: A Retrospective Analysis in an Area of High Incidence
Authors: Maccarone Maria Chiara , Piccione Francesco , Munari Marina , Faccin Noemi , Regazzo Gianluca , Barzon Luisa , Masiero Stefano
Published: January 2025

Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus disease (WNND) can cause lasting cognitive and motor impairments, impacting autonomy and quality of life. Given the scarcity of research on the rehabilitative needs of patients with WNV infection, this study aims to fill a critical gap by assessing the rehabilitation needs of a real-world cohort of WNND patients. We retrospectively analyzed WNND patients who received early Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) evaluations during the 2022 outbreak in Veneto, Italy. Data included demographics, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, days at PMR evaluation, and rehabilitation duration until discharge or death, alongside objective examination findings and Barthel Index scores. Among 29 confirmed WNND patients, the median hospital stay was 20 days, with rehabilitation starting after a median of 7 days. Motor weakness affected 48.28% of patients, swallowing issues 6.90%, and respiratory issues 24.13%. A tailored rehabilitation protocol was designed for 96.55% of patients to address functional concerns and prevent complications. Barthel Index scores showed no significant change. Discharge settings were home (58.34%), other departments (25%), and rehabilitation facilities (16.67%). This study highlights the rehabilitation needs of WNND patients, particularly regarding neuromuscular deficits, swallowing, and respiratory issues, stressing the importance of a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy for improved outcomes.
Experimental Study of Influence of Plant Roots on Dynamic Characteristics of Clay
Authors: Shen Quan , Tang Cong , Zhang Chengli , Ma Yongchun
Published: January 2025

Conducting research on the dynamic behavior of root–soil systems is crucial for accurately assessing the seismic response of ecological slopes, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the development of appropriate seismic design measures. Documentation of the improvement of soil dynamics through vegetation root systems is insufficient in the current research. This study utilizes resonance column tests to explore how root systems influence the dynamic properties of clayey soil and to uncover the mechanisms behind this enhancement. The results indicate that both root distribution and mass density have a significant impact on the soil’s dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio. When roots are distributed in the upper part of the soil, the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the soil are higher than in cases of even distribution or concentration in the lower part. The dynamic shear modulus initially increases and then decreases with the increase in root mass density, reaching its peak at a root mass density of 1.5% g·cm−3. The damping ratio is influenced by both root mass density and confining pressure, with different critical root mass densities observed under varying confining pressures. The maximum enhancement in dynamic shear modulus is 27.6%, achieved at a 3% root mass density, with a peak damping ratio of 5.39%. Variations in both dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio with shear strain follow the Hardin–Drnevich hyperbolic curve.
Identifying the Roadway Infrastructure Factors Affecting Road Accidents Using Interpretable Machine Learning and Data Augmentation
Authors: Lee Jonghak , Kim Sangyoup , Heo Tae-Young , Lee Dongwoo
Published: January 2025

In modern society, vehicle accidents have been a factor that has adversely affected national development for a long time. Many countries have tried to solve this issue, and various solutions have been studied. This study aims to design a process for analyzing vehicle accidents to support safety interventions. In the data preprocessing section, a resampling technique was used to solve the data imbalance problem. Then, we applied five different machine learning models for classification by applying hyperparameter optimization. After classification, model-agnostic interpretation techniques were used to interpret the results of a series of machine learning models. Through the above series of processes, we were able to design a process that analyzes vehicle accident data and derives the factors that affect the accident. The classification model that uses XGBoost with ENN (Edited Nearest Neighbor) shows almost 84.3% accuracy. As a result, for “Length” and “Volume”, we found that certain points (Length: 200 m, 29,233 veh/day) were more likely to have an accident. Moreover, variables, such as volume or the volume of heavy vehicle, the probability of an accident increases as the value increases, but in the case of “Lane width” and “Shoulder width”, it can be confirmed that the probability of occurrence decreases as the value increases. These interpretations have meaningful information that could suggest policy recommendations for reducing traffic accidents and can be helpful in establishing effective traffic accident countermeasures.
Structural Optimisation of a Suspension Control Arm Using a Bi-Evolutionary Bone Remodelling Inspired Algorithm and the Radial Point Interpolation Method
Authors: Oliveira Carlos , Pais Ana , Belinha Jorge
Published: January 2025

Today, topological structural optimisation is a valuable computational technique for designing mechanical components with optimal mass-to-stiffness ratios. Thus, this work aims to assess the performance of the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM) when compared with the well-established Finite Element Method (FEM) within the context of a vehicle suspension control arm’s structural optimisation process. Additionally, another objective of this work is to propose an optimised design for the suspension control arm. Being a meshless method, RPIM allows one to discretise the problem’s domain with an unstructured nodal distribution. Since RPIM relies on a weak form equation to establish the system of equations, it is necessary to additionally discretise the problem domain with a set of background integration points. Then, using the influence domain concept, nodal connectivity is established for each integration point. RPIM shape functions are constructed using polynomial and radial basis functions with interpolating properties. The RPIM linear elastic formulation is then coupled with a bi-evolutionary bone remodelling algorithm, allowing for non-linear structural optimisation analyses and achieving solutions with optimal stiffness/mass ratios. In this work, a vehicle suspension control arm is analysed. The obtained solutions were evaluated, revealing that RPIM allows better solutions with enhanced truss connections and a higher number of intermediate densities. Assuming the obtained optimised solutions, four models are investigated, incorporating established design principles for material removal commonly used in vehicle suspension control arms. The proposed models showed a significant mass reduction, between 18.3% and 31.5%, without losing their stiffness in the same amount. It was found that the models presented a stiffness reduction between 5.4% and 9.8%. The obtained results show that RPIM is capable of delivering solutions similar to FEM, confirming it as an alternative numerical technique.
Mode Competition Phenomena and Impact of the Initial Conditions in Nonlinear Vibrations Leading to Railway Curve Squeal
Authors: Arango Montoya Jacobo , Chiello Olivier , Sinou Jean-Jacques , Tufano Rita
Published: January 2025

Curve squeal is a highly disturbing tonal noise produced by railway vehicles on tight curves, primarily attributed to lateral sliding at the wheel–rail interface. An essential step to estimate curve squeal noise levels is to determine the nonlinear self-sustained vibrations, for which time integration is a commonly used method. However, although it is known that the initial conditions affect the solutions obtained with time integration, their impact on the limit cycles is often overlooked. This study investigates this aspect for a curve squeal model based on falling friction and a modal reduction of the wheel and provides some insights on the mode competition phenomena and the nature of the final limit cycles obtained. The paper first details the curve squeal model, stability analysis, as well as the initial condition derivation, and then discusses the time integration and limit cycle results in both time and frequency domains. The results reveal two primary families of limit cycles that can be obtained for both types of initial conditions. The cases where stationary vibrations result in a quasi-periodic regime converge to a unique limit cycle which displays three fundamental frequencies corresponding to specific wheel modes, plus harmonic interactions among them.
A Novel Proprietary Internet Video Traffic Dataset Generation Algorithm
Authors: Chen Tianhua , Grabs Elans , Ipatovs Aleksandrs , Cano Maria-Dolores
Published: January 2025

Considering the exponential growth of network traffic, particularly driven by over-the-top (OTT) streaming applications, video category network traffic constitutes a significant portion of overall network traffic. However, most research has focused on the categorization and diversity of network traffic using benchmark datasets, with limited attention paid to video category network traffic. Additionally, there is a lack of proprietary Internet video traffic datasets, and the few proprietary datasets available often lack transparency and interpretability. This paper introduces a novel framework for generating proprietary Internet video traffic datasets, addressing existing gaps in dataset quality and consistency. We propose the nYFTQC algorithm, which enables the creation of fifteen detailed datasets specifically designed for Internet video traffic analysis. The proposed datasets demonstrate superior performance metrics, including completeness, consistency, and transparency. This comprehensive approach enhances the accuracy and interpretability of traffic sample analysis, providing valuable resources for future research in video category network traffic.
Exploring Brain Size Asymmetry and Its Relationship with Predation Risk Among Chinese Anurans
Authors: Chen Chuan , Jiang Ying , Wu Yiming , Cao Lingsen , Liao Wenbo
Published: January 2025

Brain size asymmetry differs considerably across species, including humans, vertebrates, and invertebrates. The subtle structural, functional, or size differences between the two brain sides are associated with processing specific cognitive tasks. To evaluate the differences between the sizes of the left and right sides of the whole brain and brain regions and the effect of predation risk (i.e., snake density) on brain size asymmetry among Chinese anurans, we compared the differences between the left and right hemisphere sizes of the whole brain and brain regions among anuran species and analyzed the correlations between the predation risk and size asymmetry index of the brain and brain regions. We found that when one side of the brain was consistently larger than the other, there was a significant difference between the sizes of the left and right sides of the brain and brain regions, displaying directional asymmetry of the whole brain and brain regions. We also found that total brain size was positively correlated with the size asymmetry index of the olfactory bulb and optic tecta when the left hemispheres of the whole brain and brain regions were larger than the right ones. Meanwhile, the index of telencephalon size asymmetry was positively correlated with predation risk when the right hemispheres of the brain and brain regions were larger than the left ones. However, there were non-significant differences between the sizes of the left and right sides of the brain and brain regions across 99 species of anurans. Our findings suggest that an increased predation risk linked to sociality is likely to drive an increase in right telencephalon size.
Evidence Gaps and Lessons in the Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Study in a Primary Care Setting (PREFATE Study)
Authors: Clua-Espuny Josep L. , Hernández-Pinilla Alba , Gentille-Lorente Delicia , Muria-Subirats Eulàlia , Forcadell-Arenas Teresa , de Diego-Cabanes Cinta , Ribas-Seguí Domingo , Diaz-Vilarasau Anna , Molins-Rojas Cristina , Palleja-Millan Meritxell , Satué-Gracia Eva M. , Martín-Luján Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: In Europe, the prevalence of AF is expected to increase 2.5-fold over the next 50 years with a lifetime risk of 1 in 3–5 individuals after the age of 55 years and a 34% rise in AF-related strokes. The PREFATE project investigates evidence gaps in the early detection of atrial fibrillation in high-risk populations within primary care. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of device-detected atrial fibrillation (DDAF) and assess the feasibility and impact of systematic screening in routine primary care. Methods: The prospective cohort study (NCT 05772806) included 149 patients aged 65–85 years, identified as high-risk for AF. Participants underwent 14 days of cardiac rhythm monitoring using the Fibricheck® app (CE certificate number BE16/819942412), alongside evaluations with standard ECG and transthoracic echocardiography. The primary endpoint was a new AF diagnosis confirmed by ECG or Holter monitoring. Statistical analyses examined relationships between AF and clinical, echocardiographic, and biomarker variables. Results: A total of 18 cases (12.08%) were identified as positive for possible DDAF using FibriCheck® and 13 new cases of AF were diagnosed during follow-up, with a 71.4-fold higher probability of confirming AF in FibriCheck®-positive individuals than in FibriCheck®-negative individuals, resulting in a post-test odds of 87.7%. Significant echocardiographic markers of AF included reduced left atrial strain (<26%) and left atrial ejection fraction (<50%). MVP ECG risk scores ≥ 4 strongly predicted new AF diagnoses. However, inconsistencies in monitoring outcomes and limitations in current guidelines, particularly regarding AF burden, were observed. Conclusions: The study underscores the feasibility and utility of AF screening in primary care but identifies critical gaps in diagnostic criteria, anticoagulation thresholds, and guideline recommendations.
PET-Assessed Metabolic Tumor Volume Across the Spectrum of Solid-Organ Malignancies: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Agarwal Anusha , Wehrle Chase J. , Satish Sangeeta , Mahajan Paresh , Kamath Suneel , Koyfman Shlomo , Ma Wen Wee , Linganna Maureen , Modaresi Esfeh Jamak , Miller Charles , Kwon David C. H. , Schlegel Andrea , Aucejo Federico
Published: January 2025

Solid-organ malignancies represent a significant disease burden and remain one of the leading causes of death globally. In the past few decades, the rapid evolution of imaging modalities has shifted the paradigm towards image-based precision medicine, especially in the care of patients with solid-organ malignancies. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is one such semi-quantitative parameter obtained from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that has been shown to have significant implications in the clinical oncology setting. Across various solid tumor malignancies, including lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer, the current literature has demonstrated an association between MTV and various clinical outcomes. MTV may be used in conjunction with several existing and established clinical parameters to help inform risk stratification and treatment strategies and predict outcomes in cancer. Optimizing such volumetric parameters is paramount for advancing efforts to advance cancer care for our patients. While such advancements are made, it is important to investigate and address the limitations of MTV, including variability in terms of measurement methods, a lack of standardized cut-off values, and the impact of inherent tumor heterogeneity. Despite these limitations, which can precipitate challenges in standardization, MTV as a prognostic factor has great potential and opens an avenue for the future integration of technology into an image-based precision medicine model of care for cancer patients. This article serves as a narrative review and explores the utility and limitations of PET-MTV in various settings of solid-organ malignancy.
Drivers for Women Entrepreneurship in Greece: A Case Analysis of Early-Stage Companies
Authors: Goncalves Marcus , Papagelis Suela , Nicolitsas Daphne
Published: January 2025

This study explores the unique realm of women’s entrepreneurial leadership within Stewart’s role demands-constraint-choice in Greece. This brings to light the underrepresented role of women entrepreneurs in the country and sets out to fill the literature gap by exploring their distinct motivations and leadership. By employing a qualitative method and conducting semi-structured interviews with Greek women entrepreneurs, this study uncovers a complex web of motivations intertwined with personal goals, sociocultural norms, and economic conditions that diverge from those in other advanced economies. Notable motivations include financial autonomy, family support, societal betterment, and personal fulfillment. The findings also provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between entrepreneurs’ roles, motivations, and leadership decisions within socioeconomic and cultural contexts. This research enriches the broader discourse on international entrepreneurship and women’s studies, deepening our understanding of Greek women’s entrepreneurship. The practical implications of these findings offer strategies for policymakers, educators, and industry professionals to foster an environment that supports women’s entrepreneurial leadership in Greece and other emerging economies.
Squamous Cell Bladder Cancer: A Rare Histological Variant with a Demand for Modern Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Bell Scott D. , Quinn Anthony E. , Bajo Alfred , Mayberry Trenton G. , Cowan Braydon C. , Marrah Austin J. , Wakefield Mark R. , Fang Yujiang
Published: January 2025

Bladder cancer is among the most common form of cancer worldwide and is predicted to increase in incidence and mortality over the next decade. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological variant typically associated with schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, a parasitic infection caused by flatworms called schistosomes or blood flukes, and is generally seen in underdeveloped nations. However, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder still represents nearly 5% of bladder cancer diagnoses in the western world. Transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant histological variant of bladder cancer found throughout the western world, and nearly all disease indicators and treatments for bladder cancer are driven by this common variant. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder shows characteristic features that differ from transitional cell carcinoma, such as differing levels of protein indicators and different response rates to traditional bladder cancer therapies. Common treatment methods for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder include radical cystectomy, chemotherapies, and radiation. Reviewing the previous literature on the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, it becomes apparent that this variant needs to be treated differently than common bladder cancer variants and a proper management course needs to be set in place to maximize positive patient outcomes. Such a study will be very helpful for urologists and oncologists to manage patients with bladder squamous cell carcinoma.
Advances in Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Based Diagnosis of Pancreatic Lesions: Narrative Review
Authors: Yamashita Yasunobu , Yamazaki Hirofumi , Nakahata Akiya , Emori Tomoya , Kawaji Yuki , Tamura Takashi , Itonaga Masahiro , Ashida Reiko , Kitano Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer in the U [...]