bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic segmentation of the fine structures of sunspots in high-resolution solar images
Authors: Gong Xiaoying , Zhong Libo , Rao Changhui
Published: January 2023

Context. With the development of large-aperture ground-based solar telescopes and the adaptive optics system, the resolution of the obtained solar images has become increasingly higher. In the high-resolution photospheric images, the fine structures (umbra, penumbra, and light bridge) of sunspots can be observed clearly. The research of the fine structures of sunspots can help us to understand the evolution of solar magnetic fields and to predict eruption phenomena that have significant impacts on the Earth, such as solar flares. Therefore, algorithms for automatically segmenting the fine structures of sunspots in high-resolution solar image will greatly facilitate the study of solar physics.

Aims. This study is aimed at proposing an automatic fine-structure segmentation method for sunspots that is accurate and requires little time.

Methods. We used the superpixel segmentation to preprocess a solar image. Next, the intensity information, texture information, and spatial location information were used as features. Based on these features, the Gaussian mixture model was used to cluster different superpixels. According to different intensity levels of the umbra, penumbra, and quiet photosphere, the clusters were classified into umbra, penumbra, and quiet-photosphere areas. Finally, the morphological method was used to extract the light-bridge area.

Results. The experimental results show that the method we propose can segment the fine structures of sunspots quickly and accurately. In addition, the method can process high-resolution solar images from different solar telescopes and generates a satisfactory segmentation performance.
MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy in NGC 300
Authors: Soemitro Azlizan A. , Roth Martin M. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Ciardullo Robin , Jacoby George H. , Monreal-Ibero Ana , Castro Norberto , Micheva Genoveva
Published: January 2023

Aims. We perform a deep survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the spiral galaxy NGC 300 to construct its planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF). We aim to derive the distance using the PNLF and to probe the characteristics of the most luminous PNe.

Methods. We analysed 44 fields observed with MUSE at the VLT, covering a total area of ∼11 kpc2. We find [O III]λ5007 sources using the differential emission line filter (DELF) technique. We identified PNe through spectral classification with the aid of the BPT diagram. The PNLF distance was derived using the maximum likelihood estimation technique. For the more luminous PNe, we also measured their extinction using the Balmer decrement. We estimated the luminosity and effective temperature of the central stars of the luminous PNe based on estimates of the excitation class and the assumption of optically thick nebulae.

Results. We identify 107 PNe and derive a most-likely distance modulus $ (m-M)_0 = 26.48^{+0.11}_{-0.26} $ ($ d = 1.98^{+0.10}_{-0.23} $ Mpc). We find that the PNe at the PNLF cutoff exhibit relatively low extinction, with some high-extinction cases caused by local dust lanes. We present the lower limit luminosities and effective temperatures of the central stars for some of the brighter PNe. We also identify a few Type I PNe that come from a young population with progenitor masses > 2.5 M⊙ but do not populate the PNLF cutoff.

Conclusions. The spatial resolution and spectral information of MUSE allow precise PN classification and photometry. These capabilities also enable us to resolve possible contamination by diffuse gas and dust, improving the accuracy of the PNLF distance to NGC 300.
Does the virial mass drive the intra-cluster light?
Authors: Ragusa R. , Iodice E. , Spavone M. , Montes M. , Forbes D. A. , Brough S. , Mirabile M. , Cantiello M. , Paolillo M. , Schipani P.
Published: January 2023

In this Letter, we revisit the relationship between the fraction of the intra-cluster light (ICL) as well as the virial mass and the fraction of early-type galaxies in the host halo. This exploration is based on a statistically significant and homogeneous sample of 22 groups and clusters of galaxies in the Local Universe (z ≤ 0.05), obtained with the VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey (VEGAS). Taking advantage of the long integration time and large area of the VEGAS images, we are able to map the galaxy outskirts and ICL down to μg ≥ 29–30 mag arcsec−2 and out to hundreds of kpc. With this data set, we have expanded the sample of ICL measurements, doubling the previous measures available from the literature for z ≤ 0.05. The main result of this work is the apparent lack of any significant trend between the fraction of ICL and the virial mass of the host environment, covering a wide range of virial masses (∼1012.5 ≤ Mvir ≤ 1015.5 M⊙), in full agreement with a number of theoretical studies. Since the new data points have all been derived based on the same methodology and from the same observational setup, all with comparable depths, the large observed scatter indicates an intrinsic variation in the ICL fraction. On the other hand, there is a weak relationship between the fraction of ICL and the fraction of early-type galaxies in the host halo, where a larger fraction of ICL is found in groups and clusters of galaxies dominated by earlier morphological types, indicating a connection between the ICL and the dynamical state of the host system.
Environmental pollution detection: A novel chirped spectral modulation algorithm for a more accurate monitoring of gas pollutants in the atmosphere
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed , Alorifi Fawzi S.
Published: January 2023

This work presents a new technique based on modulating the IR absorbance of each substance in a mixture in a chirped manner to reduce the effect of their partial spectral absorption overlap on the accuracy of determining their concentrations. This chirped spectral modulation CSM algorithm can deal with mixtures containing unknown substances rather than the substances whose concentrations are aimed. This novel algorithm, when compared to existing pattern recognition techniques, makes it easy to analyze the constituents of a mixture with high accuracy in the presence of traces of unknown components. It is found that the new algorithm can detect the presence of gas pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide in a sample containing many other unknown polluting substances. This new algorithm is tested on air samples composed of predetermined percentages of air constituents and the results of calculations are compared with those of classical least squares CLS pattern recognition algorithm. The comparison showed that the new algorithm can detect down to very small traces of harmful gases such as NO2, and SO2, at least one order of magnitude less than those detected by the CLS approach. Finally, the new algorithm is used to examine collected air samples from an industrial zone, and in the middle and at the exit of a road tunnel in Riyadh area which showed that the percentages of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide are well below the safe levels.
Deoxygenative Alkylboration of Aldehydes to Synthesize Versatile Secondary α,α-Dialkyl Boronates
Authors: Zhou Liejin , XU Tao , Xu Wenhao
Published: January 2023

By merging nickel catalysis and photochemistry, we developed a deoxygenative alkylboration of aldehydes via a deoxygenative difunctionalization of carbonyls strategy. This three-component reaction between alkyl halides, B2Pin2, and aldehydes represents one of the most efficient methods to furnish the versatile secondary α,α-dialkyl boronates. A series of deoxygenative difunctionalization skeletons can be gained from the products based on the carbon–boron bond transformation. In addition, deoxygenative arylboration of aldehydes was achieved.
Use of Antiviral Agents and other Therapies for COVID-19
Authors: Blaskovich Mark A.T. , Verderosa Anthony D.
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a remarkably rapid development of a range of effective prophylactic vaccines, including new technologies that had not previously been approved for human use. In contrast, the development of new small molecule antiviral therapeutics has taken years to produce the first approved drugs specifically targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with the intervening years filled with attempts to repurpose existing drugs and the development of biological therapeutics. This review will discuss the reasons behind this variation in timescale and provide a survey of the many new treatments that are progressing through the clinical pipeline.
HIV and COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Venturas Jacqui P.
Published: January 2023

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infected individuals throughout the world remain at significant risk of respiratory infections and non-communicable disease. Severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a hyperinflammatory phenotype which manifests in the lungs as pneumonia and in some cases can lead to acute respiratory failure. Progression to severe COVID-19 is associated with comorbid disease such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, however data concerning the associated risks of HIV coinfection are still conflicting, with large population studies demonstrating poorer outcomes, whilst smaller, case-controlled studies showing better outcomes. Furthermore, underlying immunopathological processes within the lungs and elsewhere, including interactions with other opportunistic infections (OI), remain largely undefined. Nonetheless, new and repurposed anti-viral therapies and vaccines which have been developed are safe to use in this population, and anti-inflammatory agents are recommended with the caveat that the coexistence of opportunistic infections is considered and excluded. Finally, HIV infected patients remain reliant on good ART adherence practices to maintain HIV viral suppression, and some of these practices were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, putting these patients at further risk for acute and long-term adverse outcomes.
Clinical Epidemiology of Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 and its Postacute Sequelae
Authors: Habet Victoria , Oliveira Carlos R.
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected individuals of all ages across. Although children generally experience a benign illness from COVID-19, the emergence of novel variants of the virus has resulted in significant changes in the morbidity and mortality rates for this age group. Currently, COVID-19 is the eighth leading cause of pediatric deaths in the United States. In addition to acute respiratory illness, some children can develop a severe postinfectious condition known as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which can progress to rapid-onset cardiogenic shock. Recovery from COVID-19 can also be slow for some children, resulting in persistent or reoccurring symptoms for months, commonly referred to as long COVID. These postinfectious sequelae are often distressing for children and their parents, can negatively impact the quality of life, and impose a considerable burden on the health care system. In this article, we review the clinical epidemiology of pediatric COVID-19 and outline the management considerations for its acute and postacute manifestations.
“Long Haulers”
Authors: Lutchmansingh Denyse D. , Higuero Sevilla Jean Paul , Possick Jennifer D. , Gulati Mridu
Published: January 2023

Post-COVID conditions continue to afflict patients long after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection. Over 50 symptoms across multiple organ systems have been reported, with pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric sequelae occurring most frequently. Multiple terms have been used to describe post-COVID conditions including long COVID, long-haul COVID, postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, long-term effects of COVID, and chronic COVID-19; however, standardized assessments and treatment algorithms for patients have generally been lacking. This review discusses the epidemiology and risk factors for post-COVID conditions and provides a general overview of the diagnostic assessment and treatment of specific manifestations. Data derived from the multitude of observational studies and scientific investigations into pathogenesis are providing a clearer understanding of the distinct phenotypes of post-COVID conditions. Insight gained from these studies and ongoing interventional trials continues to lead to the development of clinical protocols directed toward improving COVID-19 survivors' quality of life and preventing or reducing long-term morbidity.
Glucocorticoid Therapy in COVID-19
Authors: Amati Francesco , Tonutti Antonio , Huston John , Dela Cruz Charles S.
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant mortality in pandemic proportions. Inflammation in response to the infection contributes to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This review will discuss prior studies on the use of glucocorticoids to treat respiratory infections, the rationale for the use glucocorticoids in COVID-19, and review of existing data. We will also highlight outstanding research questions for future studies.
Fenestrated Aneurysm Clip Trigeminal Decompression after CyberKnife Treatment Failure
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Scherschinski Lea , Ibrahim Sufyan , Baranoski Jacob F. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2023

Objective This article describes a novel technique for trigeminal nerve decompression in the setting of refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Design Technical note with an illustrative case example and operative video.

Setting Outpatient, inpatient, and operating room of a quaternary neurosurgical referral center.

Participant A woman in her early 70s who had previously undergone linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiotherapy (i.e., CyberKnife) and achieved 2 years of partial pain relief. However, facial pain, numbness, and parasympathetic dysfunction returned and became unbearable.

Main Outcome Measure Durable relief of TN.

Results Microvascular decompression was recommended for refractory TN. Intraoperatively, the trigeminal nerve was markedly attenuated from previous irradiation, with the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) loop embedded in the nerve at its root entry zone. The arterial loop was mobilized into a new position superior to the nerve, thus liberating it from the impingement. The tentorium was incised, and a fenestrated aneurysm clip was positioned such that the SCA loop was transmitted via the fenestration. The clip was applied across the tentorium, thus suspending the artery in a kink-free orientation that made no contact with the nerve.

Conclusion This procedure provided excellent neurovascular decompression without placing mechanical strain on the nerve, relieving the patient's persistent postirradiation TN. The technique could have broader applications for other challenging or atypical microvascular decompression procedures.
Role of Orbital Ultrasound in the Monitoring of Children with Raised Intracranial Pressure—Prospective Observational Study Conducted in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Selvam Nithiya , Parameswaran Narayanan , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh
Published: January 2023

Our objective was to evaluate the role of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement by orbital ultrasound in monitoring children with nontraumatic coma and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. Children admitted to the PICU with features of raised ICP were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and raised ICP characteristics were recorded. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements were taken in all children in the supine position using bedside ultrasound with a 12 MHz linear probe. The probe was initially placed in the axial plane, and measurements were taken at a distance of 3 mm posterior to the site at which the optic nerve enters the globe. Measurements were recorded sequentially 8th hourly till ICP features got resolved or the patient died. Along with each measurement, clinical parameters were recorded. The ONSD measurements were compared with clinical features. We also recruited children admitted to the PICU for other conditions without features of raised ICP as controls. We compared ONSD measurements of cases with controls. In total, 185 children were recruited, of which 81 had features of raised ICP and 104 were without increased ICP. The ONSD measurements in children with raised ICP were significantly higher as compared with those without ICP. Among children with raised ICP, there was a negative correlation between ONSD and Glasgow Coma Scale scores (r = −0.739, p ≤ 0.0001). In children with raised ICP, there was a significant difference in ONSD at different intervals, demonstrating a falling trend from admission to 32nd-hour readings. ONSD measurements were higher in children with clinical signs of increased ICP compared with controls, thereby suggesting that this noninvasive measure may be helpful in the neuromonitoring of children with neurologic insults.
Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes and Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Yifan , Gao Zhen , Hong Wenchao , Gong Xiaohui , Cai Cheng
Published: January 2023

Objective High mortality and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) remain serious problems in preterm infants after necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) surgery. This study investigated the risk factors for mortality and EUGR in preterm infants after NEC surgery.

Study Design The risk factors were analyzed retrospectively by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis in 52 preterm infants, who underwent NEC surgery and were hospitalized in neonatology department of Shanghai Children's Hospital between May 2014 and December 2021. Patients were divided into survival and death groups. Survivors were divided into two groups according to whether EUGR occurred when they achieved full enteral feeding after surgery.

Results The mortality of preterm infants after NEC surgery was 26.9% (14/52). About 55.3% (21/38) of survivors developed postoperative EUGR. (1) Age at surgery, proportion of shock, and intestinal perforation differed significantly between the survival and death groups (p = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.02, respectively). Shock (p = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 8.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43–55.10) and intestinal perforation (p = 0.03, OR = 6.12, 95% CI: 1.16–32.41) were significant risk factors for death. (2) Compared with the non-EUGR group, proportion of preoperative EUGR, postoperative 1-week calories, and parenteral nutrition time differed significantly in EUGR group (p = 0.001, 0.01, and 0.04, respectively). Preoperative EUGR (p = 0.02, OR = 18.63, 95%CI: 1.77–196.42) was a significant risk factor for postoperative EUGR.

Conclusion Shock and intestinal perforation are significant risk factors for death in preterm infants after NEC surgery. Survivors are prone to EUGR, and preoperative EUGR is a significant risk factor. In addition, adequate caloric intake and achievement of full enteral feeding as soon as possible may be beneficial to improve EUGR of preterm infants after NEC surgery.

Key Points
Issues when the parental and host country systemic institution buffers differ: the case of Czechia
Authors: Pfeifer Lukáš
Published: January 2023

The article analyses regulatory reforms in the EU to the capital buffers for mitigating risks associated with institutions' systemic importance in the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD). The Directive includes a buffer for other relevant institutions (O-SIIs) and limits its size to a general cap and a specific cap for subsidiaries. However, the specific subsidiary cap may limit national authorities' ability to set a sufficient buffer for domestic institutions that are members of European banking groups to cover risks to the domestic market. It also may lead to a situation where two institutions of similar systemic importance could be subject to different O SII buffer rates because their owners are of different systemic importance and have different O-SII buffer rates in different EU jurisdictions. The amended CRD V increases the general and subsidiary cap for the O-SII reserve by one percentage point. However, the cap for subsidiary institutions remained in force, which limits the setting of capital buffers, especially for banking sectors with significant foreign ownership. These include mainly countries of the former Soviet-aligned Eastern Bloc. This paper outlines shortcomings of the subsidiary cap, argues for a revision of it to ensure level playing field in these capital buffers and quantifies the impact of the subsidiary cap according to the CRD IV and CRD V on the capital requirement applied to the Czech banking sector.
Contact tracing for sexually transmitted infections in Aotearoa New Zealand: a review of clinician-notified gonorrhoea and syphilis data
Authors: Murray Catriona , Rose Sally B. , Kvalsvig Amanda , Baker Michael G.
Published: January 2023

Introduction The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) gonorrhoea and syphilis became notifiable in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2017, requiring diagnosing clinicians to complete an anonymous case report form detailing behavioural, clinical and management information. Surveillance for gonorrhoea occurs through laboratory and clinician notification, whereas syphilis is only clinician-notified. Aim To review information related to contact tracing (partner notification) from routinely collected gonorrhoea and syphilis notification data. Methods Aggregated data on clinician-notified gonorrhoea and syphilis cases in 2019 were analysed to review information related to contact tracing and to estimate numbers of partners requiring contact tracing. Results There were 722 cases of syphilis and 3138 cases of gonorrhoea notified by clinicians in 2019. However, there were 7200 laboratory-notified gonorrhoea cases, so clinician notification occurred for less than half (43.6%, 3138/7200) of the cases, ranging from 10.0 to 61.5% across District Health Board regions. An estimated 28 080 recent contacts of gonorrhoea cases and 2744 contacts of syphilis cases would have required contact tracing in 2019. Contact tracing could not be completed for 20% of syphilis and 16% of gonorrhoea cases due to anonymous contacts, and was ‘initiated or planned’ for 81% of gonorrhoea cases and 79% of syphilis cases. Discussion Although surveillance data for gonorrhoea and syphilis are incomplete, estimates can be obtained about the number and type of contacts, which can be used to inform contact tracing strategies. Optimisation of the content of clinician-completed forms and an improved response rate would provide a more complete picture to inform interventions to address the high and inequitable prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in Aotearoa New Zealand.
A review of multi-scale barriers to transitioning from digital agriculture to a digital bioeconomy
Authors: Eastwood Callum , Turner James A. , Romera Alvaro , Selbie Diana , Henwood Roxanne , Espig Martin , Wever Mark
Published: January 2023

The use of digital technologies in agriculture has received significant attention in the last decade. There is increasing interest in the potential opportunities for digitalization at a broader bioeconomy scale; however, there is limited knowledge of the potential barriers to a digital bioeconomy. This chapter reviews current knowledge on barriers to digital agriculture and uses a case study to relate these barriers to the bioeconomy scale. We found that adoption barriers are not just technical, but include economic, social, and institutional dimensions, and occur at multiple scales involving technology design, farm systems (including supply chains), the agricultural innovation system, and society. Additionally, these barriers can be highly interconnected. For example technical issues around data interoperability cannot be addressed independently of social issues at the farm scale related to perceptions around privacy and transparent use of farmer data. Examining these multi-dimensional and multi-scale issues through a bioeconomy lens highlights the need for directionality in digital bioeconomy innovation and alignment of national policies and initiatives. Rather than assuming that greater use of digital tools is inherently positive for a national bioeconomy, nations should purposely assess and anticipate the potential implications of digitalization. Our review highlights three opportunities for directionality in the digital bioeconomy. The first is for technology design and development to directly respond to and address societal (not only end-user) needs and barriers to uptake. The second is to design and develop data governance, business models, and standards for data, which are transparent, inspire trust, and share benefits of digital technologies among supply chain stakeholders. The third is to considerably broaden the assessment of societal value from digital agriculture. Addressing the adoption barriers to the digital bioeconomy will come from integrated applications of digitalization that are purpose or ‘mission’ led, rather than inherently techno-centric.
Anomalous transport from hot quasiparticles in interacting spin chains
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarang , Vasseur Romain
Published: January 2023

Many experimentally relevant quantum spin chains are approximately integrable, and support long-lived quasiparticle excitations. A canonical example of integrable model of quantum magnetism is the XXZ spin chain, for which energy spreads ballistically, but, surprisingly, spin transport can be diffusive or superdiffusive. We review the transport properties of this model using an intuitive quasiparticle picture that relies on the recently introduced framework of generalized hydrodynamics. We discuss how anomalous linear response properties emerge from hierarchies of quasiparticles both in integrable and near-integrable limits, with an emphasis on the role of hydrodynamic fluctuations. We also comment on recent developments including non-linear response, full-counting statistics and far-from-equilibrium transport. We provide an overview of recent numerical and experimental results on transport in XXZ spin chains.
Phase transitions in multiferroic Bi1−xEuxFeO3 synthesized by sol-gel method
Authors: EL-Bey A , Dinia S , El Bahraoui T , Boudad L , Taibi M , Belayachi A , Abd-Lefdil M
Published: January 2023

Bi1-xEuxFeO3 micropowders

0
≤
x
≤
0.20

were synthesized by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction shows that the crystal structure changes from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry at

x
=
0.20
.

Dielectric properties and loss factor were investigated as a function of temperature. Neel temperature

T

N

of the compounds was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and found to decrease from 668 K to 646 K for

0
≤
x
≤
0.15

and bounce to 667 K for

x
=
0.20
.

The Curie temperature TC which corresponds to the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric phases was checked out using differential thermal analysis measurements. The TC value increases from 1130 K to 1135 K for

0
≤
x
≤
0.15

while no transition was detected for

x
=
0.20

in accordance with the structural transition from R3c to centrosymmetric Pm3m phase.
A study of action difference on motor imagery based on delayed matching posture task
Authors: Li Mengfan , Zuo Haoxin , Zhou Huihui , Xu Guizhi , Qi Enming
Published: January 2023

Objective. Motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide an additional control pathway for people by decoding the intention of action imagination. The way people imagine greatly affects MI-BCI performance. Action itself is one of the factors that influence the way people imagine. Whether the different actions cause a difference in the MI performance is unknown. What is more important is how to manifest this action difference in the process of imagery, which has the potential to guide people to use their individualized actions to imagine more effectively. Approach. To explore action differences, this study proposes a novel paradigm named as action observation based delayed matching posture task. Ten subjects are required to observe, memorize, match, and imagine three types of actions (cutting, grasping and writing) given by visual images or videos, to accomplish the phases of encoding, retrieval and reinforcement of MI. Event-related potential (ERP), MI features, and classification accuracy of the left or the right hand are used to evaluate the effect of the action difference on the MI difference. Main results. Action differences cause different feature distributions, resulting in that the accuracy with high event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) is 27.75% higher than the ones with low ERD/ERS (p < 0.05), which indicates that the action difference has impact on the MI difference and the BCI performance. In addition, significant differences in the ERP amplitudes exists among the three actions: the amplitude of P300-N200 potential reaches 9.28 μV of grasping, 5.64 μV and 5.25 μV higher than the cutting and the writing, respectively (p < 0.05). Significance. The ERP amplitudes derived from the supplementary motor area shows positive correlation to the MI classification accuracy, implying that the ERP might be an index of the MI performance when the people is faced with action selection. This study demonstrates that the MI difference is related to the action difference, and can be manifested by the ERP, which is important for improving MI training by selecting suitable action; the relationship between the ERP and the MI provides a novel index to find the suitable action to set up an individualized BCI and improve the performance further.
A Clustering Algorithm of Electronic Boundary Points for Cadastral Blocks
Authors: Yixiao Wei , Hong Mi
Published: January 2023

The coordinates of boundary points of a number of cadastral blocks can be obtained by electronic boundary points automatically, while the automation of data processing of coordinates needs to be improved. This paper focuses on the automatic clustering of electronic boundary point coordinates and analyses the location distribution and angle characteristics of cadastral blocks with real coordinates data from 6 villages. In this paper, a strategy is proposed that one boundary point of every cadastral block should be marked and Manhattan distance between points should be used as the similarity measure. A clustering algorithm of electronic boundary points for cadastral blocks is designed with the combination of K-means algorithm. The simulation results show the clustering accuracy of the algorithm can be above 0.9 when the number of cadastral blocks is more than 100, and it can be improved as the number of cadastral blocks is controlled within 25. This study provides a reference for optimization of existing electronic boundary points system and automation technology of the cadastral survey.
Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soil in a Loess Landslide
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Dong Yang
Published: January 2023

This article takes a landslide in Zhidan County as the research object. Based on the field survey before and after the landslide occurred, the engineering geological conditions of the landslide were obtained, the landslide deformation characteristics were mastered, and then the landslide development process was divided into the early stable stage, the creeping deformation stage. the severe sliding stage and the stage after violent sliding. Soil samples of the landslide were taken before and after the landslide occurred, and the physical parameters were measured to analyze the physical properties of the slide zone soil. At the same time, direct shear, triaxial, and ring shear tests were used to obtain the mechanical properties of the landslide soil under different test conditions, and the shear strength index value of the slide zone soil was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: After the landslide slides fiercely, the water content increases, the plasticity and compressibility increase, the properties of the slip zone soil deteriorate, and the relevant physical parameters such as the porosity ratio of the slip zone soil at the front edge change little; Moreover, the C and ψ values of the landslide soils decreased significantly, indicating that landslide sliding caused a large degree of shear damage to the landslide soils.
Study on the Safety Analysis of Dredger Fill Sea Sand Reused in Embankment Slope near the Yangtze River
Authors: Liu Yinying , Yan Honglin , Qi Xu-an
Published: January 2023

In view of the shortage of sand and gravel aggregates, the sea sand in coastal areas is used as roadbed filler in road restoration of tunnel project by the Yangtze river. The basic mechanical performance tests were carried out to demonstrate the particle gradation and consistency limit of dredger fill sea sand. Triaxial test and direct shear test were performed to analyze the stress-strain relationship of sea sand shear strength in riverside environment and the law of shear displacement under vertical pressure. The road performance was analyzed by testing the compaction characteristics and deformation resistance of dredger fill sea sand. The riverside slope is always damaged by water flow, therefore, the stability of the dredger fill sea sand road slope under the measures of wrapping soil was analyzed. Based on the analysis of existing measures to improve the safety of sea sand used in road, the technology of sea sand solidified by alkaline coupling agent is proposed.
Study on Smoke Propagation Characteristics for a Train Carriage Fire in a Subway Tunnel
Authors: Tian W , Li Y F , Feng Shan , Su Z H , Yang Q
Published: January 2023

The most serious fire scene in a subway system is that a train catching on fire has to stop in the tunnel. The objective of this paper is to discuss safety evacuation of this scenario. A subway tunnel in Beijing was selecting as research object, and adopting numerical simulation methods to analyze smoke propagation in the tunnel and train carriage. In addition, the influence of train carriage door opening on the smoke spread was studied in the double narrow space formed by the carriage and tunnel. Results show that the opening method of door would affect the smoke spreading path, and the range of high temperature area. For a fire occurred in train carriage, opening of the end door of train can effectively enhance diffusion of smoke into the tunnel. This research is not only helpful to guide the cabin crew to evacuate efficiently and orderly, but also provide guidance for the planning of subway tunnels.
The Dynamic Elastic Modulus Evolution of Pervious Concrete under Sulfate Attack
Authors: Gu Gaohong , Fan Shengjie , Zhang Shuiliang , Song Hui
Published: January 2023

Elastic modulus affects the stiffness of pervious concrete, and stiffness is one of the elements restricting the durability of pervious concrete. To explore the deterioration of dynamic elastic modulus of pervious concrete under sulfate attack, this paper measured the variation of pervious concrete’s mass and density with water-cement ratio of 0.28, 0.31, and 0.34 under sulfate attack. A nondestructive ultrasonic tests were also used to determine the change of the ultrasonic wave velocity reflected from pervious concrete. In addtion, the evolution of the dynamic elastic modulus were analyzed. The results show that the pervious concrete manifests an upward curve followed by a downward movement in its density and dynamic elastic modulus as the corrosion lasting. The pervious concrete with a 0.28 water-cement ratio suffers from the worst deterioration, while the concrete with 0.31 ratio experiences the lightest degeneration.
Research on Optimal Fault Arc Detection Method for Power Line Communication Intelligent Gateway
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Xueqin , Li Zhaoqiang , Han Guoqiang
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces the shortcomings of the current fault arc detection scheme in the distribution network system, and purposefully designs an arc detection scheme with better safety performance. Through experiments, three types of fault arc detection technologies are compared. Combined with the foundation and security requirements of the distribution network system in the new era, the best arc detection scheme suitable for the intelligent microgrid architecture is proposed. Finally, the future research direction of arc detection based on intelligent gateway is described.
The Low-light License Plate Recognition via CNN
Authors: Zheng Yujie , Guan Lei , Li Haohong
Published: January 2023

The low-light license plate recognition (LPR) is an important task in LPR, and the task of low-light LPR is a challenge in LPR. Compared with ordinary LPR, low-light LPR is more challenging. The first is that there are few studies on low-light LPR, and there is a lack of dedicated datasets. Besides, there are few lightweight networks dedicated to low-light LPR. The lack of lightweight private networks makes it difficult to deploy LPR methods efficiently. Based on this, this paper proposes a low-light LPR method. Specifically, we propose a dataset dedicated to low-light LPR with a sample size of 19,121. Besides, we propose a lightweight LPR method implemented using a lightweight architecture similar to VGG. We also compare with some commonly used lightweight methods, and the comparison results show that our proposed method has better performance. In addition, we also visualized some data that are difficult for the model to identify, and found several types of challenging data. This result is helpful for subsequent researchers to improve on this type of data.
WSN and GNSS based Deformation Monitoring-Frame Design and Case Analysis
Authors: Xia Linyuan , Li Qianxia , Huang Qiuhua , Lin Hong , Zhu Hongyu , Wu Jinhua , Cai Yuezhen , Zhang Xiao , Song Xuejin
Published: January 2023

To maintain safe and smooth operation of urban infrastructures, security evaluation and deformation monitoring have formed a challenging issue, especially for large scale buildings and structures since they are usually built within urban areas and densely populated districts. In recent years, related specific methods have been presented to achieve valid monitoring for these human structures, among which, GNSS, either combined with other spatial technologies such as remote sensing, SAR or InSAR, or sensors including inertial system or total stations, have played active roles for deformation monitoring. We propose a way to combine GNSS with wireless sensor network (WSN) to form a unique approach for deformation monitoring for some special regions that can not be effectively tackled by previous schemes. Our research work lies in two aspects. One is the configuration of networks in which roving GNSS receivers and reference receivers are properly distributed to form a more flexible configuration to suit for specific shapes of structures. The other feature is the employment of wireless sensor network to form a flexible routine for cost-effective data communication within the monitoring areas. Some methods to deal with challenges arisen from impacts like multipath and deformation prediction are also explored and discussed to promote monitoring efficiency. Related tests have been conducted to exemplify our technical routines and verify the feasibility of suggested monitoring schemes.
An RF Fingerprint Extraction Method based on Time-frequency Domain Feature Fusion
Authors: Jin Yanhua , Wei Mengfan , Li Qiuxue
Published: January 2023

Identification and authentication of communication radiation sources using RF fingerprint feature extraction technology is widely used in civilian and military applications and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, an RF fingerprint extraction method based on time-frequency domain feature fusion is proposed. The frequency domain features of WVD and the time domain statistical features (variance, skewness, kurtosis) of the signal are first extracted, and then fused and downscaled using multivariate discriminant analysis to obtain new time-frequency fusion features, which are finally input to the support vector machine for classification and recognition. This method is used to analyze signals of walkie-talkies and signals of cell phones with and without noise, and the experimental results show that this method effectively improves the recognition rate and has good noise immunity compared with using frequency domain features or time domain features alone, and the accuracy is improved by about 5% under the condition of low SNR. When the SNR is -10dB, the recognition accuracy of walkie-talkies can reach 81.6% and that of cell phones can reach 86.1%.
Optimization Study on Underground Excavation of a Newly-Built Tunnel Passing Underneath an Existing Subway Station in Zero Distance and the Construction Parameters
Authors: Xie Zilin
Published: January 2023

With the networked development of subway tunnels, the approaching construction of a newly-built tunnel will bring great threat to the safety of the existing tunnels. In this paper, taking Nanjing Subway Line 5 Passing underneath an Existing Subway Station as an example, the impact of different underpass construction methods on the Project is explored by numerical simulation. As shown in the analysis results, the multi-pilot hole step method has the least impact on the existing station, which can effectively control the progress of vault settlement and surface settlement deformation. The construction would result in large settlement deformation at the center of the existing station, and the closer distance from the central axis of the newly-built tunnel would create a greater settlement value, with the bottom settlement reaching 2.36mm during the excavation of the pilot holes. In the process of excavation, the surface settlement curve changes from the shape “M” to “V”, and the surface settlement due to the removal of temporary support accounts for 66% of the total settlement.
Research on Construction Organization Design and Engineering Cost Application Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Li Ruyu , Zhao Hong , Wang Xin , Wang Yongdong
Published: January 2023

The development of the construction industry promotes the development of BIM technology, which in turn promotes the development of the construction industry. This paper first analyzes the status quo of BIM technology, construction organization design and engineering cost, and then analyzes the construction organization design and engineering cost application based on BIM technology. This paper takes a residential building as an example for detail, uses BIM technology to carry out modeling and measurement, construction schedule plan, site layout and project cost, and conducts the rationality analysis of the quantity and the rationality of the cost. The results show that the development of BIM technology greatly facilitates the construction organization design and engineering cost of construction projects.
A monocular wide-field speed sensor inspired by the crabs’ visual system for traffic analysis
Authors: Guimaraynz Hernán D , Arroyo Sebastián I , Ibáñez Santiago A , Oliva Damián E
Published: January 2023

The development of visual sensors for traffic analysis can benefit from mimicking two fundamental aspects of the visual system of crabs: their panoramic vision and their visual processing strategy adapted to a flat world. First, the use of omnidirectional cameras in urban environments allows for analyzing the simultaneous movement of many objects of interest over broad areas. This would reduce the costs and complications associated with infrastructure: installation, synchronization, maintenance, and operation of traditional vision systems that use multiple cameras with a limited field of view. Second, in urban traffic analysis, the objects of interest (e.g. vehicles and pedestrians) move on the ground surface. This constraint allows the calculation of the 3D trajectory of the vehicles using a single camera without the need to use binocular vision techniques.

The main contribution of this work is to show that the strategy used by crabs to visually analyze their habitat (monocular omnidirectional vision with the assumption of a flat world ) is useful for developing a simple and effective method to estimate the speed of vehicles on long trajectories in urban environments. It is shown that the proposed method estimates the speed with a root mean squared error of 2.7 km h−1.
Synthesis of pH-responsive polyzwitterions for activated cellular uptake and tumor accumulation of gold nanoparticles at tumorous acidity
Authors: Hu Shumin , Cheng Qiuli , Shang Yulu , Wang Zhihao , Zhu Rui , Zhang Leitao , Wu Wenlan , Zhang Shouren , Li Junbo
Published: January 2023

The response sensitivity of surface material plays an important role in adjustable nano-bio interaction in vivo. In this present, a zwitterionic polymer (polyzwitterion) containing quaternary ammonium cation and sulfonamide anion poly(4-((4-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propoxy)phenyl) sulfonamido)-N, N, N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-1-aminium chloride) (PMPTSA) was synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization to explore the pH responsive behavior in tumors. The PMPTSA-coated gold nanoparticles (PMPTSA-@-Au NPs) showed zwitterionic nature such as antifouling ability, low cellular uptake and prolonged circulation time similar with common hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) functional gold nanoparticles in physiological environment (pH 7.4). A high sensitivity and reversible positive charge conversion of P(MPTSA)-@-Au NPs at tumor slight acidic microenvironment (∼pH 6.8) leaded to an enhanced cellular internalization than that at pH 7.4 and increased tumor accumulation compared with PEG, polycarboxybetaines and polymer sulphobetaine (PSB) functional gold nanoparticles. The highly pH responsive PMPTSA will provide the promising application in cancer nanomedicine.
Partial nonseparability of spin-orbit modes
Authors: Lamego V S , Braga D G , Oliveira L S , Balthazar W F , Huguenin J A O
Published: January 2023

Structured light plays an essential role in several quantum information protocols by using the degrees of freedom of light to encode qubits. For exploring different correlations, especially in mixed states, such as discord, it is necessary to prepare partially entangled states. In this work, we present a theoretical and experimental study of a partial nonseparable spin-orbit modes. By exploring classical-quantum analogy, we perform the measurement of the concurrence of partially separable modes directly from projective measurement of polarization. The results show a clear agreement with predictions of quantum theory for partially entangled states. We also perform a study of Clauser, Horn, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) inequality and show that partial violation is observed in entire agreement with the expected by quantum theory. For the maximally nonseparable mode, we achieve a violation of

S
=
2.73
±
0.03

, one of the higher ones observed for spin-orbit modes based on our best knowledge.