bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of muscle spindles in the development of the monosynaptic stretch reflex
Authors: Wang Zhi , Li LingYing , Frank Eric
Published: April 2012

Muscle sensory axons induce the development of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers in muscle spindles during development, but the role that the intrafusal fibers may play in the development of the central projections of these Ia sensory axons is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the influence of intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles on the formation of monosynaptic connections between Ia (muscle spindle) sensory axons and motoneurons (MNs) using two transgenic strains of mice. Deletion of the ErbB2 receptor from developing myotubes disrupts the formation of intrafusal muscle fibers and causes a nearly complete absence of functional synaptic connections between Ia axons and MNs. Monosynaptic connectivity can be fully restored by postnatal administration of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and the synaptic connections in NT-3-treated mice are as specific as in wild-type mice. Deletion of the Egr3 transcription factor also impairs the development of intrafusal muscle fibers and disrupts synaptic connectivity between Ia axons and MNs. Postnatal injections of NT-3 restore the normal strengths and specificity of Ia–motoneuronal connections in these mice as well. Severe deficits in intrafusal fiber development, therefore, do not disrupt the establishment of normal, selective patterns of connections between Ia axons and MNs, although these connections require the presence of NT-3, normally supplied by intrafusal fibers, to be functional.
Development of Well-Aligned TiO2Nanotube Arrays to Improve Electron Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chung Kyung-Ho , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Son Hyun-Seok , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: April 2012

We fabricated well-aligned one-dimensional (1-D) titania nanotubes (TNT) on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) by anodization of Ti foil. Different lengths of TNTs were prepared by varying the applied potential (70 V) time, and we investigated the performance of these TNTs in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), transplanted onto a 6 μm TNP adhesion layer. The fabricated TNTs arrays (length 15 μm) photoelectrode showed 24% increased efficiency compared to the TNP photoelectrode of 17 μm thickness. We further investigated the performances of DSSCs for the TNTs (1 wt%) incorporated TNP photoelectrode and obtained 22% increased efficiency. The increased efficiency of the pure TNTs arrays and TNT-mixed TNP photoelectrodes was attributed to the directional electron movement of TNTs and light scattering effect of the TNT with the decreased rate of back electron transfer. The anodized and fabricated TNTs and DSSCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Fagopyrum tataricum(Buckwheat) Improved High-Glucose-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mouse Hepatocytes and Diabetes in Fructose-Rich Diet-Induced Mice
Authors: Lee Chia-Chen , Hsu Wei-Hsuan , Shen Siou-Ru , Cheng Yu-Hsiang , Wu She-Ching
Published: April 2012

Fagopyrum tataricum(buckwheat) is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. This study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-insulin resistance effects of 75% ethanol extracts of buckwheat (EEB) in FL83B hepatocytes by high-glucose (33 mM) induction and in C57BL/6 mice by fructose-rich diet (FRD; 60%) induction. The active compounds of EEB (100 μg/mL; 50 mg/kg bw), quercetin (6 μg/mL; 3 mg/kg bw), and rutin (23 μg/mL; 11.5 mg/kg bw) were also employed to treat FL83B hepatocytes and animal. Results indicated that EEB, rutin, and quercetin + rutin significantly improved 2-NBDG uptake via promoting Akt phosphorylation and preventing PPARγdegradation caused by high-glucose induction for 48 h in FL83B hepatocytes. We also found that EEB could elevate hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities to attenuate insulin resistance as well as its antioxidation caused by rutin and quercetin. Finally, EEB also inhibited increases in blood glucose and insulin levels of C57BL/6 mice induced by FRD.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Precancerous Cervical Cancer Lesions among HIV-Infected Women in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Memiah Peter , Mbuthia Wangeci , Kiiru Grace , Agbor Solomon , Odhiambo Francesca , Ojoo Sylvia , Biadgilign Sibhatu
Published: April 2012

Objective. To assess the prevalence and identified associated risk factors for precancerous cervical cancer lesions among HIV-infected women in resource-limited settings in Kenya.Methods. HIV-infected women attending the ART clinic at the Nazareth Hospital ART clinic between June 2009 and September 2010. Multivariate logistic regression model with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated after controlling for important covariates.Result. A total of 715 women were screened for cervical cancer. The median age of the participants was 40 years (range 18–69 years). The prevalence of precancerous lesions (CINI, CINII, CIN III, ICC) was 191 (26.7%). After controlling for other variables in logistic regression analysis, cervical precancerous lesions were associated with not being on ART therapy; whereby non-ART were 2.21 times more likely to have precancerous lesions than ART patients [(aOR)=2.21, 95% CI (1.28–3.83)].Conclusion. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions was lower than other similar settings. It is recommended that cancer screening of HIV-infected women should be an established practice. Availability and accessibility of these services can be done through their integration into HIV. Prompt initiation of HAART through an early enrollment into care has an impact on reducing the prevalence and progression of cervical precancerous lesions.
Inhibiting Systemic Autophagy during Interleukin 2 Immunotherapy Promotes Long-term Tumor Regression
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , De Vera Michael E. , Buchser William J. , de Vivar Chavez Antonio Romo , Loughran Patricia , Stolz Donna Beer , Basse Per , Wang Tao , Van Houten Bennett , Zeh Herbert J. , Lotze Michael T.
Published: April 2012

Administration of high-dose interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) has durable antitumor effects in 5% to 10% of patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. However, treatment is often limited by side effects, including reversible, multiorgan dysfunction characterized by a cytokine-induced systemic autophagic syndrome. Here, we hypothesized that the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine would enhance IL-2 immunotherapeutic efficacy and limit toxicity. In an advanced murine metastatic liver tumor model, IL-2 inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent fashion. These antitumor effects were significantly enhanced upon addition of chloroquine. The combination of IL-2 with chloroquine increased long-term survival, decreased toxicity associated with vascular leakage, and enhanced immune cell proliferation and infiltration in the liver and spleen. HDIL-2 alone increased serum levels of HMGB1, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-18 and also induced autophagy within the liver and translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytosol in hepatocytes, effects that were inhibited by combined administration with chloroquine. In tumor cells, chloroquine increased autophagic vacuoles and LC3-II levels inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production and promoted apoptosis, which was associated with increased Annexin-V+/propidium iodide (PI)− cells, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Taken together, our findings provide a novel clinical strategy to enhance the efficacy of HDIL-2 immunotherapy for patients with cancer. Cancer Res; 72(11); 2791–801. ©2012 AACR.
SSBP2 Variants Are Associated with Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Xiao Yuanyuan , Decker Paul A. , Rice Terri , McCoy Lucie S. , Smirnov Ivan , Patoka Joseph S. , Hansen Helen M. , Wiemels Joe L. , Tihan Tarik , Prados Michael D. , Chang Susan M. , Berger Mitchel S. , Kosel Matthew L. , Fridley Brooke L. , Lachance Daniel H. , O'Neill Brian Patrick , Buckner Jan C. , Thompson Reid C. , Nabors Louis Burt , Olson Jeffrey J. , Brem Steve , Madden Melissa H. , Browning James E. , Wiencke John K. , Egan Kathleen M. , Jenkins Robert B. , Wrensch Margaret R.
Published: April 2012

Purpose: Glioblastoma is a devastating, incurable disease with few known prognostic factors. Here, we present the first genome-wide survival and validation study for glioblastoma.

Experimental Design: Cox regressions for survival with 314,635 inherited autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among 315 San Francisco Adult Glioma Study patients for discovery and three independent validation data sets [87 Mayo Clinic, 232 glioma patients recruited from several medical centers in Southeastern United States (GliomaSE), and 115 The Cancer Genome Atlas patients] were used to identify SNPs associated with overall survival for Caucasian glioblastoma patients treated with the current standard of care, resection, radiation, and temozolomide (total n = 749). Tumor expression of the gene that contained the identified prognostic SNP was examined in three separate data sets (total n = 619). Genotype imputation was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for SNPs that had not been directly genotyped.

Results: From the discovery and validation analyses, we identified a variant in single-stranded DNA-binding protein 2 (SSBP2) on 5q14.1 associated with overall survival in combined analyses (HR, 1.64; P = 1.3 × 10−6). Expression of SSBP2 in tumors from three independent data sets also was significantly related to patient survival (P = 5.3 × 10−4). Using genotype imputation, the SSBP2 SNP rs17296479 had the strongest statistically significant genome-wide association with poorer overall patient survival (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.45-2.22; P = 1.0 × 10−7).

Conclusion: The minor allele of SSBP2 SNP rs17296479 and the increased tumor expression of SSBP2 were statistically significantly associated with poorer overall survival among glioblastoma patients. With further confirmation, previously unrecognized inherited variations influencing survival may warrant inclusion in clinical trials to improve randomization. Unaccounted for genetic influence on survival could produce unwanted bias in such studies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3154–62. ©2012 AACR.
Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Total, Cardiovascular, and Noncardiovascular Mortality Across 3 Decades of Follow-Up in Men and Women
Authors: Vigen Rebecca , Ayers Colby , Willis Benjamin , DeFina Laura , Berry Jarett D.
Published: April 2012

Background—

The inverse, dose-dependent association between cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality is well-established; however, the pattern of the association between low fitness and mortality across short- (0 to 10 years), intermediate- (10 to 20 years), and long-term (>20 years) follow-up has not been studied.

Methods and Results—

We included 46 575 men and 16 151 women (mean age 44 years) from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Participants were categorized as either “low fit” or “not low fit,” based on age- and sex- adjusted treadmill times, and were followed for mortality, determined from the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to compare the association between fitness and traditional risk factors, with mortality outcomes across short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up. After a median follow-up of 16 years, there were 1295 cardiovascular disease and 2840 noncardiovascular disease deaths. Low fitness was associated with all-cause mortality across all periods in men [0 to 10 years: hazard ratios (HR), 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 2.40); 10 to 20 years: HR, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.41 to 1.84); and >20 years: HR, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.60)] and in women [0 to 10 years: HR, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.27 to 3.10); 10 to 20 years: HR, 1.90 (95% CI, 1.40 to 2.56); and >20 years: HR, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.07)]. Similar results were seen for both cardiovascular disease and noncardiovascular disease mortality. Although these associations were also consistent across most subgroups, low fitness appeared to be most strongly associated with mortality in the short term among individuals at highest short-term risk (ie, older age, abnormal exercise test).

Conclusions—

Similar to traditional risk factors, fitness is associated with mortality across short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up.
Myeloid-Specific Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Inactivation Increases Macrophage and Neutrophil Adhesion and Promotes Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lingrel Jerry B , Pilcher-Roberts Robyn , Basford Joshua E. , Manoharan Palanikumar , Neumann Jon , Konaniah Eddy S. , Srinivasan Ramprasad , Bogdanov Vladimir Y. , Hui David Y.
Published: April 2012

Rationale:

Hemizygous deficiency of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) has been shown previously to augment atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. However, the cell type responsible for the increased atherosclerosis due to KLF2 deficiency has not been identified. This study examined the consequence of myeloid cell-specific KLF2 inactivation in atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results:

Cell-specific knockout mice were generated by Cre/
loxP
recombination. Macrophages isolated from myeloid-specific
Klf2
knockout (
myeKlf2
−/−
) mice were similar to
myeKlf2
+/+
macrophages in response to activation, polarization, and lipid accumulation. However, in comparison to
myeKlf2
+/+
macrophages,
myeKlf2
−/−
macrophages adhered more robustly to endothelial cells. Neutrophils from
myeKlf2
−/−
mice also adhered more robustly to endothelial cells, and fewer
myeKlf2
−/−
neutrophils survived in culture over a 24-hour period in comparison with
myeKlf2
+/+
neutrophils. When
myeKlf2
−/−
mice were mated to
Ldlr
−/−
mice and then fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet, significant increase in atherosclerosis was observed in the
myeKlf2
−/−
Ldlr
−/−
mice compared with
myeKlf2
+/+
Ldlr
−/−
littermates. The increased atherosclerosis in
myeKlf2
−/−
Ldlr
−/−
mice was associated with elevated presence of neutrophils and macrophages, with corresponding increase of myeloperoxidase as well as chlorinated and nitrosylated tyrosine epitopes in their lesion areas compared with
myeKlf2
+/+
Ldlr
−/−
mice.

Conclusions:

This study documents a role for myeloid KLF2 expression in modulating atherosclerosis. The increased neutrophil accumulation and atherosclerosis progression with myeloid-specific KLF2 deficiency also underscores the importance of neutrophils in promoting vascular oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Collectively, these results suggest that elevating KLF2 expression may be a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Energy Policy: Past or Prologue?
Authors: Graetz Michael J.
Published: April 2012

The United States was remarkably complacent about energy policy until the Arab oil embargo of 1973. Since then, we have relied on unnecessarily costly regulations and poorly designed subsidies to mandate or encourage particular forms of energy production and use. Our presidents have quested after an elusive technological “silver bullet.” Congress has elevated parochial interests and short-term political advantages over national needs. Despite the thousands of pages of energy legislation enacted over the past four decades, Congress has never demanded that Americans pay a price that reflects the full costs of the energy they consume. Given our nation's economic fragility, our difficult fiscal situation, and the daunting challenges of achieving energy security and limiting climate change, we can no longer afford second- and third-best policies. This essay discusses the failures of the past and how we might avoid repeating them.
Precreation Discourse in Psalms 74 and 77: Struggling with Chaoskämpfe
Authors: Sylva Dennis
Published: April 2012

Abstract

The way in which Psalms 74 and 77 deal with historical turmoil in the psalmists’ lives is to weave together reflections on the concrete problems being experienced with succinct myths about God’s precreative struggle with chaos:Chaoskämpfe. The cultural intertextural background for these myths is to be found in Near Eastern accounts about the divine battle against chaotic sea gods. Each psalmist tailors this component in ways that fit the theodicy and the basis of appeal for divine intervention in their own lives that they are attempting to construct. In the interplays of these overarching constructions and the roles of theChaoskämpfein them the larger functions of the precreative discourses in these psalms are to be found.
Precreation Discourse and the Nicene Creed: Christianity Finds its Voice in the Roman Empire
Authors: Robbins Vernon K.
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Exploring the emergence of creedal statements in Christianity about non-time before creation, called precreation rhetorolect, this essay begins with the baptismal creed called the Roman Symbol and its expansion into the Apostles’ Creed. These early creeds contain wisdom, apocalyptic, and priestly rhetorolect, but no precreation rhetorolect. When the twelve statements in the Apostles’ Creed were expanded into the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, the first three statements added precreation rhetorolect. God the Father Almighty not only creates heaven and earth, but God creates all things visible and invisible. Jesus Christ is not only God’s only Son, our Lord, but the Son is begotten from the Father before all time, Light from Light, and true God from true God. Being of the same substance as the Father, all things were made through the Son before he came down from heaven, the Son was incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and became human. With these creedal additions, a precreation storyline became the context for a lengthy chain of argumentation about belief among fourth century Christian leaders.
New forms of abundant carbonatite–silicate volcanism: recognition criteria and further target locations
Authors: Bailey D. K. , Kearns S.
Published: April 2012

In the Calatrava province of central Spain, numerous Quaternary pyroclastic vents have erupted carbonatite magmas carrying silicate melt fragments, mantle debris and megacrysts. Lava flows are rare. Maar and scoria deposits have carbonate matrices and pass into tuff sheets with carbonate contents >50%, which are spread widely away from the eruptive centres and constitute the most abundant form of effusive carbonate. Immense quantities of mantle debris are present in the erupted material. The tuffs have a distinctive fabric, which consists of a pale matrix carrying black silicate glass clasts that contain globules of immiscible carbonate and carbonate phenocrysts. There is evidence of similar volcanism in the Limagne province of central France and in other intra-continental provinces in Europe and Africa. About 500 vents have been identified in France and Spain: all the vents examined to date have erupted carbonatite magma. Such eruptions are not generally recognized in classical volcanology. As pyroclastic carbonatite was not previously recognized in Spain and France, a detailed examination of other mafic and ultramafic alkaline provinces, where research has traditionally concentrated on lava flows, is vital. For any search to be successful, evidence from the pyroclastic rocks will be required.
RhoH is critical for cell-microenvironment interactions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in mice and humans
Authors: Troeger Anja , Johnson Amy J. , Wood Jenna , Blum William G. , Andritsos Leslie A. , Byrd John C. , Williams David A.
Published: April 2012

Trafficking of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to the bone marrow and interaction with supporting stromal cells mediates important survival and proliferation signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of Rhoh led to a delayed disease onset in a murine model of CLL. Here we assessed the impact of RhoH on homing, migration, and cell-contact dependent interactions of CLL cells. Rhoh−/− CLL cells exhibited reduced marrow homing and subsequent engraftment. In vitro migration toward the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 and cell-cell interactions between Rhoh−/− CLL cells and the supporting microenvironment was reduced. In the absence of RhoH the distribution of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, a protein known to coordinate activation of the Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac, appeared less polarized in chemokine-stimulated Rhoh−/− CLL cells, and activation and localization of RhoA and Rac was dysregulated leading to defective integrin function. These findings in the Rhoh−/− CLL cells were subsequently demonstrated to closely resemble changes in GTPase activation observed in human CLL samples after in vitro and in vivo treatment with lenalidomide, an agent with known influence on microenvironment protection, and suggest that RhoH plays a critical role in prosurvival CLL cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions with this agent.
Management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: data from 242 cases included in the CryoVas survey
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Krastinova Evguenia , Marie Isabelle , Launay David , Lacraz Adeline , Belenotti Pauline , de Saint-Martin Luc , Quemeneur Thomas , Huart Antoine , Bonnet Fabrice , Le Guenno Guillaume , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Hinschberger Olivier , Rullier Patricia , Diot Elisabeth , Lazaro Estibaliz , Bridoux Frank , Zénone Thierry , Carrat Fabrice , Hermine Olivier , Léger Jean-Marc , Mariette Xavier , Senet Patricia , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Cacoub Patrice
Published: April 2012

Data on the clinical spectrum and therapeutic management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas) in the era of hepatitis C virus screening are lacking. We analyzed data from 242 patients with noninfectious mixed CryoVas included in the French multicenter CryoVas survey. Baseline manifestations were purpura (75%), peripheral neuropathy (52%), arthralgia or arthritis (44%), glomerulonephritis (35%), cutaneous ulcers (16%), and cutaneous necrosis (14%). A connective tissue disease was diagnosed in 30% and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 22%, whereas the CryoVas was considered to be essential in 48%. With the use of Cox-marginal structural models, rituximab plus corticosteroids showed the greater therapeutic efficacy compared with corticosteroids alone and alkylating agents plus corticosteroids to achieve complete clinical, renal, and immunologic responses and a prednisone dosage < 10 mg/d at 6 months. However, this regimen was also associated with severe infections, particularly when high doses of corticosteroids were used, whereas death rates did not differ between the therapeutic regimens. The role of each of these strategies remains to be defined in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
Connexin26-mediated transfer of laterality cues in Xenopus
Authors: Beyer Tina , Thumberger Thomas , Schweickert Axel , Blum Martin
Published: April 2012

A cilia-driven leftward flow of extracellular fluid breaks bilateral symmetry in the dorsal midline of the neurula stage vertebrate embryo. The left-specific Nodal signaling cascade in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is key to asymmetric morphogenesis and placement of organs during subsequent development. The nature of the initial asymmetric cue(s) as well as the transfer of information from the midline to the left side has remained elusive. Gap junctional communication has been previously involved in Xenopus left-right (LR) development, however a function at cleavage stages was inferred from inhibitor experiments. Here we show by heptanol-mediated block of connexin function that flow stages during neurulation represent the critical time window. Flow in Xenopus occurs at the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP), a ciliated sheath of cells of mesodermal fate transiently positioned within the dorsal epithelial lining of the forming archenteron. We reasoned that endodermal cells immediately adjacent to the GRP are important for transfer of asymmetry. A systematic screen identified two connexin genes, Cx26 and Cx32, which were co-expressed in these lateral endodermal cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments pinpointed Cx26 as the critical connexin for LR development, while Cx32 had no effect on laterality. Importantly, GRP morphology, ciliation and flow were not affected in Cx26 morphants. Our results demonstrate a decisive role of Cx26 in the transfer of laterality cues from the GRP to the left LPM, providing a novel access to the identification of the initial asymmetric signal generated by flow.
Activation of a Li-rich Solid-Solution Layered Li[Ni0.18Li0.20Co0.03Mn0.58]O2 Cathode and Retention of High Capacities via an Electrochemical Pretreatment with a Low Discharge Voltage Limit
Authors: Abe Masaru , Matsumoto Futoshi , Saito Miwa , Yamamura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Genki , Ito Atsushi , Sanada Takashi , Hatano Masaharu , Ohsawa Yasuhiko , Sato Yuichi
Published: April 2012

The magnitude and cycle stability of the charge–discharge capacities of a Li-rich solid-solution layered cathode material, Li[Ni0.18Li0.20Co0.03Mn0.58]O2, were examined over large voltage windows of 1.2–4.4 V (vs. Li/Li+). Discharging to below 1.5 V activated the cathode material and enabled it to reach larger charge–discharge capacities of over 300 mA h g−1. Moreover, to retain a high capacity of over 300 mA h g−1, our original electrochemical precycling treatment (stepwise control of the discharge voltage limit) was applied, resulting in improved stability of the charge–discharge capacity of over 300 mA h g−1 for at least 35 cycles.
Mild and Efficient α-Chlorination of Carbonyl Compounds Using Ammonium Chloride and Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4)
Authors: Swamy Peraka , Kumar Macharla Arun , Reddy Marri Mahender , Narender Nama
Published: April 2012

A simple protocol for the α-monochlorination of ketones and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds utilizing NH4Cl as a source of chlorine and Oxone as an oxidant in methanol without catalyst is presented. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature in yields ranging from moderate to excellent.
Pb4VBO8: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties
Authors: Gao Junyu , Pan Shilie , Cao Jian , Dong Xiaoyu , Yang Zhihua
Published: April 2012

The first compound Pb4VBO8 in the PbO–V2O5–B2O3 ternary system has been synthesized. Its structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 10.4047(5) Å, b = 7.0906(4) Å, c = 12.8968(7) Å, β = 113.128(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0261, and wR2 = 0.0628. The new structure contains an infinite three-dimensional matrix that is built from BO3, VO4, and PbOn (n = 4 and 5) polyhedra.
Ion-exchange-induced Phase Separation at Dot-like Domains on Glass Surface through a Staining Method
Authors: Hattori Yuki , Shiomi Haruhisa , Wakasugi Takashi , Suetsugu Tatsuya , Kadono Kohei
Published: April 2012

Staining, which has been used for coloring of glass, was extended as a method for ion exchange in which monovalent ions in the localized fine domains at the surface of glass are replaced by other ions contained in the stain. Here, mixed aqueous LiNO3–poly(ethylene glycol) solution was deposited as dots approximately 100 µm in diameter on a 70SiO2·15B2O3·15Na2O (mol %) glass by ink-jet printing. Then the glass was heat-treated at 400 °C resulting in the exchange of Li+ for Na+ ions at the dot-like domains. This ion exchange induced phase separation at the dots. Subsequent heat treatment at 600 °C and acid leaching made the dot domains porous. Consequently, we succeeded to prepare a glass, at the surface of which dot-like domains were porous and a number of the dots are periodically arrayed.
Multiple Reflection Reduction of Security Screens Installed among Parallel Noise Barriers Introducing New Shapes
Authors: Monazzam Mohammad Reza , Fard Samaneh Momen Bellah
Published: April 2012

This paper is concerned with the erection of median barriers as an imaginary noise source when a pair of roadside noise barriers is located at highways. A simple rigid median barrier causes a significant degradation introducing extra multiple reflections and can decrease the performance of parallel noise barriers. Different median barrier models were designed including rigid profiled, sloped, absorptive and diffusive shapes to reduce the mentioned negative effect. The acoustical performance of designed screens is predicted by a verified two dimensional boundary element method. Comparison between the results of A-weighted road traffic noise spectrum with rigid barriers has shown that only sloped barriers can make an improvement in which barrier model KAP with lower diffraction edges indicates the highest efficiency. Although employing grass on the top surface of median barriers could make some improvements relative to their equivalent rigid barrier, the average improvement in insertion loss was significant when the thickness of absorptive material was increased. Application of Quadratic Residue Diffusers (QRD) and Primitive Root Diffusers (PRD) on the top surface of the median barriers have shown lower performance than the median barriers with QRD and PRD stem faced toward the source point. Among the designed median barriers, the highest efficiency was seen in a median barrier with 1 meter thickness and PRD stem surface by 2.1 dB (A).
Human Response to Single and Combined Sinusoidal Vertical Vibration — Revisited
Authors: Gant Lauren C. , Wilder David G. , Wasserman Donald E.
Published: April 2012

In a 1977 study, task performance was shown to decline with exposure to combined vertical vibration, as opposed to single sinusoidal vibration. In the current study, electromyography was used to capture muscle activity of the back during single and combined whole-body vertical vibration to explore this phenomenon. Fourteen, right-handed males were exposed to four vertical vibration conditions (no vibration, 2.5 Hz, 5.0 Hz, and vibration combining 2.5 Hz with 5.0 Hz) while sitting upright. Subjects performed a four-limb task during testing. The participants were able to respond cyclically to the 2.5 Hz and 5 Hz vibration conditions when encountered independently, but only responded to the 2.5 Hz component of the combined vibration condition. Responding only at 2.5 Hz to a combined signal would allow the energy at 5.0 Hz to be dissipated elsewhere in the body, possibly explaining the performance decrement noted previously. This study has revealed a significant musculoskeletal control system limitation.
Damage Detection in Cylindrical Pipe through Diffusion Matrix in Wave Finite Element Method
Authors: Bouchoucha F. , Akrout M. , Fakhfakh T. , Ichchou M.N. , Haddar M.
Published: April 2012

This paper addresses the question of damage detection of cylindrical structures using finite element and periodic structure theory. The structure is modeled considering two waveguides connected through a coupling element, simulated as the defect. Wave characteristics in the waveguides are evaluated using a Wave Finite Element method (W.F.E.M) based on the analysis of the anomalies which affect the elastic wave travelling in the structure. Reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave modes which are incident to the coupling element are provided by a diffusion matrix. Then forced response of the pipe with and without transversal defect is predicted using wave decomposition. Numerical examples are given. These concern an isotropic pipe, for which dispersion curves are provided and diffusion coefficients in presence of a transversal and a longitudinal defect are predicted.
Development of the Neural Network Algorithm for the Prediction of Column Shortening in High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Yang Won-Jik , Lee Jung-Han , Yi Waon-Ho
Published: April 2012

The objective of this study is to propose and evaluate a neural network algorithm to predict column shortening, including drying shrinkage and creep in high-rise RC buildings. A proposed neural network algorithm for the prediction of column shortening focuses on data processing and training methods. The validity of the proposed neural network algorithm is examined through a training and prediction process based on column shortening measuring data of high-rise buildings. In the training data of a proposed neural network algorithm, the polynomial fit line of measuring data is used as the training data instead of measuring data. As a result, it has been verified that column shortening can be estimated by using the proposed neural network algorithm and that such a prediction is more accurate than what has been predicted by the conventional method using numerical models.
Performance of Distributed Multiple Viscoelastic Tuned Mass Dampers for Floor Vibration Applications
Authors: Nguyen T.H. , Saidi I. , Gad E.F. , Wilson J.L. , Haritos N.
Published: April 2012

Floor vibration due to human activities is becoming a significant concern to designers and developers of long span lightweight floor systems. Modern office floors are now constructed with longer spans and lighter structural members. Actual office dead loads and floor damping are significantly lower than what they were in the past, increasing the potential for annoying floor vibration. Traditional techniques to reduce vibrations through structural modifications have some serious shortcomings, especially with existing structures. This paper discusses the development of an innovative configuration for a tuned mass damper (TMD) using viscoelastic material in rectifying problematic floors. General analytical formulae to predict the response of a floor fitted with multiple identical TMDs are developed. Experimental and numerical studies on the performance of a custom-made distributed multiple viscoelastic TMD system in suppressing the vibration level on an actual office floor subjected to various types of excitations are discussed. The effects of the damper location, the variation in the floor and/or dampers dynamic characteristics on the effectiveness of this control approach have been taken into account. The installed damper system has successfully suppressed the floor response level to an acceptable limit for human comfort, in the case study presented.
CAD Scripting and Visual Programming Languages for Implementing Computational Design Concepts: A Comparison from a Pedagogical Point of View
Authors: Celani Gabriela , Vaz Carlos Eduardo Verzola
Published: April 2012

This paper compares the use of scripting languages and visual programming languages for teaching computational design concepts to novice and advanced architecture students. Both systems are described and discussed in terms of the representation methods they use. With novice students better results were obtained with the visual programming language. However, the generative strategies used were restricted to parametric variation and the use of randomness. Scripting, on the other hand, was used by advanced students to implement rule-based generative systems. It is possible to conclude that visual languages can be very useful for making architecture students understand general programming concepts, but scripting languages are fundamental for implementing generative design systems. The paper also discusses the importance of the ability to shift between different representation methods, from more concrete to more abstract, as part of the architectural education.
Shape-Sensitive Configurational Descriptions of Building Plans
Authors: Rashid Mahbub
Published: April 2012

While the traditional graph-theoretic techniques of space syntax are able to provide a rich description of the spatial configuration of buildings, they are not sufficiently shape sensitive. Therefore, techniques are proposed to describe building plans as configurations of spaces taking into consideration the elements of shape explicitly. First, the traditional space syntax techniques are applied to a more shape-sensitive partition of a plan in order to find out if these techniques would reveal any interesting shape property of the plan. Following this, a technique to characterize the spatial units of a plan is suggested taking into consideration how surfaces become visible from these units. Finally, a plan is described as the configuration of triangles defined by the vertices of the shape of the plan, and triangulation is used as a technique for a shape-sensitive description of spatial configuration.
The Seven Step Approach to the Application of Sports Science in English Professional Rugby League: Practical Considerations in Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Sanctuary Colin E. , Meir Rudi , Sadler Ian
Published: April 2012

This article examines the training and competition loads performed with a full-time professional rugby league team during a Super League season (pre- and in-season). While a logical and evidence-based approach was taken, involving initial planning, delivery, monitoring and evaluation, the idiosyncratic aspects of such a professional environment required a high degree of tacit knowledge and adaptability. The current article will therefore describe the context, outline the broad process and approach, provide some detailed case examples of support work undertaken with associated data, and identify the methods for evaluation. The use of four case studies (i.e., injury audit; hydration in a training week; alternative training strategy; and monitoring) helped review and inform strength and conditioning practice within a professional rugby league club environment.
The Relationship between Change in Perceived Motivational Climate and Change in Goal Orientations among Japanese Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Saotome Homare , Harada Kazuhiro , Nakamura Yoshio
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between change in the perceived motivational climate created by coaches and change in goal orientations over time among Japanese high-school ice hockey players. One hundred and forty-six players completed surveys twice over the course of the athletic season. The results showed that a change in task-involving climate was positively associated with change in task orientation over the course of the season. Changes in both task-involving climate and ego-involving climate were positively associated with change in ego orientation over time. These results demonstrated that the task-involving climate created by coaches may influence not only players' task goal orientations but also their ego orientation in Japanese youth sports settings. On the other hand, an ego-involving climate created by coaches may influence players' ego goal orientations.
Power Differentials and Performative Deviation Paths in Practice Transfer: The Case of Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Raman Roopa , Bharadwaj Anandhi
Published: April 2012

Practice transfer processes in organizations often do not proceed as planned. Prior literature has viewed unplanned deviations as undesirable, emphasizing ways to reduce or overcome them. Performative deviations refer to such unplanned deviations in the actual performance of practice transfer processes from the prescribed intentions of the organization. In this research, we seek to provide a fine-grained analysis of the nature of performative deviation paths through which practice transfer processes unfold by focusing on the role of power differentials. We find that power differentials among transfer participants can cause the unfolding practice transfers to deviate from prescribed processes along one of two alternative paths—the agency-based performative deviation path or the knowledge-based performative deviation path. Although the agency-based performative deviation path hinders successful practice transfer, the knowledge-based performative deviation path can actually be helpful to organizations. We draw on the dual-nature framework of organizational routines and the pluralist lens of power as our theoretical foundation and evidence-based medicine in healthcare as our empirical context to derive a set of propositions about the different performative deviation paths through which practice transfer processes unfold, based on the nature of power differentials among work roles involved in practice transfer and the different outcomes that result. The roles of outcome uncertainty and information technology are also presented.
Complications and reintervention following elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a 10-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Kieffer WKM , Sonnenberg S , Windhaber RA , Pal N , Pemberton RM
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION

Recent data have shown higher rates of graft related complication or reintervention in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair compared with open aneurysm surgery (OAS). However, there are fewer data available regarding procedure related reinterventions following OAS. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of procedure related complications and reintervention following elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

METHODS

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the dedicated Portsmouth POSSUM database. Data from 361 patients (median age: 72 years, 91.4% male) who underwent elective OAS between 1993 and 2004 were analysed. The incidences of early and late complications and subsequent reintervention were investigated.

RESULTS

The median follow-up duration was 10 years 4 months (range: 5 years - 16 years 4 months). There were 52 reinterventions in the follow-up period. Of these, 34.6% were for incisional hernias or small bowel obstruction with the majority of the remaining laparotomies performed for bleeding or distal ischaemic complications. Almost two-thirds (63.5%) of reinterventions occurred in the first 30 days. There were 30 emergency readmissions to the acute surgical wards that did not require reintervention.

CONCLUSIONS

OAS carries a significant reintervention rate. In this study, 54% of reinterventions were directly related to laparotomy.
Bladder injuries in emergency/expedited laparoscopic surgery in the absence of previous surgery: a case series
Authors: Levy BF , De Guara J , Willson PD , Soon Y , Kent A , Rockall TA
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION

The use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool is being used increasingly in the emergency setting with many of these procedures being performed by trainees. While the incidence of iatrogenic injuries is reported to be low, we present six emergency or expedited cases in which the bladder was perforated by the suprapubic trocar.

CASES

Three cases were related to the management of appendicitis, two to negative diagnostic laparoscopies for lower abdominal pain and one to an ectopic pregnancy. Management of the bladder injuries varied from a urinary catheter alone to laparotomy with debridement of the abdominal wall due to sepsis and later reconstruction. Four of the six cases were performed by registrars.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the incidence of bladder injury is low, its importance is highlighted by the large number of laparoscopies being performed. In addition to catheterisation of the patient, care must be taken with the insertion of low suprapubic ports and consideration should be made regarding alternative sites. Adequate laparoscopic supervision and training in port site planning is required for surgical trainees.
Arthroscopic excision of heterotopic calcification in a chronic rectus femoris origin injury: a case report
Authors: El-Husseiny M , Sukeik M , Haddad FS
Published: April 2012

Rectus femoris origin injuries in adult athletes are uncommon. In the acute phase, conservative treatment seems to have a favourable outcome, with surgical repair reserved for unsuccessful cases only. However, a group of patients may develop chronic pain and disability after recovery from the acute phase due to heterotopic calcification occurring at the site of injury. Open and arthroscopic excision of such calcifications has been described in the literature although arthroscopic excision of large calcified lesions in the rectus femoris has not been reported previously. A relevant case is presented and discussed.
Total hip replacement for the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures: results from the National Joint Registry of England and Wales at 3-5 years after surgery
Authors: Stafford GH , Charman SC , Borroff MJ , Newell C , Tucker JK
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION

This paper describes, for the first time, the outcomes of patients undergoing total hip replacement for acute fractured neck of femur (#NOF) as recorded by the National Joint Registry of England and Wales (NJR).

METHODS

In the NJR we identified 1,302 of 157,232 Hospital Episode Statistics linked patients who had been recorded as having a total hip replacement for acute #NOF between April 2003 and November 2008.

RESULTS

The revision rate at five years for fully uncemented components was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 2.2-7.3%), for hybrid it was 2.2% (95% Cl: 0.9%-5.3%) and for fully cemented components 0.9% (95% Cl: 0.4-2.0%). Five-year revision rates were increased for those whose operations were performed via a posterior versus a lateral approach. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 30-day mortality was 1.4% (95% Cl: 1.0-2.4%), which is over double the 30-day mortality rate for total hip replacement identified by the Office for National Statistics. The mean length of stay was also increased for those undergoing total hip replacements for #NOF compared with non-emergency indications.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that total hip replacements for acute #NOF give comparable results with total hip replacements for other indications.
Evaluation of disinfection of flexible nasendoscopes using Tristel wipes: a prospective single blind study
Authors: Tzanidakis K , Choudhury N , Bhat S , Weerasinghe A , Marais J
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION

The otorhinoiaryngoiogy department at Northwick Park Hospital uses the Tristei wipes system for cleaning nasendoscopes in the outpatient clinics. This system uses chlorine dioxide as its only disinfectant. The manufacturer claims the system provides safe sterilisation of nasendoscopes. However, there appear to be no reports in the literature to date that evaluate the efficacy of this system in a clinical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ‘in use’ efficacy of Tristei wipes in decontaminating nasendoscopes and to identify any significant contamination between cleaning and usage.

METHODS

A total of 31 cleaning episodes were performed. Each cleaning episode included two swabs after cleaning the scopes, one from the tip and the other from the handle. Another two swabs from the same areas were also taken before application to the patient. The microbiology unit evaluated all swabs for bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial growth.

RESULTS

Overall, 123 swabs from 31 cleaning episodes were tested. None of the swabs taken from the tips (n=31) or handles (n=31) after cleaning with Tristei wipes developed any organism growth. Furthermore, none of the swabs taken from the tip of the scopes before using on patients (n=31) developed any growth. Of the 31 swabs taken from the handle before use, 3 developed significant staphylococcal growth.

CONCLUSIONS

In our study, the ‘in use’ efficacy of Tristei wipes in cleaning the scopes of bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria was 100%. Attention to hand hygiene and the use of gloves should be considered when handling the cleaned scopes to minimise the risk of contamination between cleaning and application to patients.
Acute popliteal pseudoaneurysm rupture secondary to distal femoral osteochondroma in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses
Authors: Vanhegan IS , Shehzad KN , Bhatti TS , Waters TS
Published: April 2012

A 21-year-old man with known hereditary multiple exostoses presented with a 24-hour history of atraumatic bruising and swelling of the posterior thigh. A leaking popliteal pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed on ultrasonography and an emergency saphenous vein bypass graft procedure performed. The patient required a post-operative blood transfusion but otherwise made a full recovery. Vascular complications from osteochondromas are rare and include vessel displacement, stenosis, occlusion, arteriov-enous fistulas and pseudoaneurysm formation. Pseudoaneurysms usually present as an enlarging mass behind the knee. Acute rupture of an occult popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by a distal femoral exostosis has not been reported previously.