bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Quality Optimization of Effervescent Tablet of Glipizide: An Approach to Comfort Anti-Diabetic Medication
Authors: Aklima Aklima , Baral Prodip Kumar , Amin Mohammad Tohidul , Emon Tariqul Islam , Hossain Mohammad Salim
Published: December 2020

The present study is targeted to formulate and prepare effervescent tablets of Glipizide to provide more elegancy, comfortability, and improved pharmacokinetics in diabetic treatment than the conventional dosage. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) of the effervescent tablet of Glipizide (5mg) were formulated with different amounts and ratios of excipients. By wet granulation technique, 60 tablets for every formulation were prepared with a weight of 700mg per tablet. Then, the features of both granules and tablets were evaluated by published methods. The angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, Loss on drying (LOD), and Moisture Content (MC) used to measure granules property successfully proved right follow ability and compressibility. In contrast, physical and drug content related investigation failed to determine the perfectness of all three formulations. Friability on the formulations was around 0.70%, indicating the expected USP limit of friability (0.5 to 1%). The mean disintegration time of the formulations was from 95s to 105s. The tablet potency assay found 95.20% for F1, 88.80% for F2, and 97.40% for F3. The dissolution pattern of the drug followed a linear relationship with time. After one and a half hours, the highest amount of 59.20% cumulative dissolution was determined for F3 that revealed its strategic improvement of the drug solubility. As Glipizide is a poorly water-soluble drug, the effervescent tablet might mitigate disintegration and dissolution-related limitations and, consequently, enhance the drug's bioavailability.
Klimakrise und Klimaresilienz
Authors: Dohm Lea
Published: December 2020

Die Auswirkungen der Klimakrise für das Leben auf der Erde sind gravierend und werden zunehmen. Psychologische Ursachen der Krise und emotionale Herausforderungen im Umgang mit ihr zeigen die psychotherapeutische Dimension der Krise und damit die hohe Verantwortung unserer Disziplin. Mit dem Konzept der psychischen Klimaresilienz, mit Erkenntnissen der Klimakrisen-Kommunikation und mit konkreten Handlungsmöglichkeiten für Psychotherapeut*innen können wir versuchen, dieser Verantwortung gerecht zu werden.
Development of the Theory of Macrosystems as a Necessary Condition for Improving Quality of Transport Modelling
Authors: Agureev I. E.
Published: December 2020

The issues of development of the theory of transport macrosystems are considered regarding results obtained in the works of A. G. Wilson, Yu. S. Popkov, A. V. Gasnikov, E. V. Gasnikova and others. The transport macrosystem is considered a complex multicomponent system to which series of thermodynamic analogy can be applied (equilibrium state, information entropy as a function of state parameters, the presence of basic phenomenological schemes for filling of states with elements, etc.). To further develop the theory of development of transport modelling, which is the objective of the article, it is proposed to consider circumstances that reflect modern trends in development of transport systems: diversity of transport systems, dynamic nature of its functioning, many different elements that can obey different models for filling of states. To implement this task, various methods are used: equation of the transport process introduced by the author, which makes it quite easy to go to quasi-dynamic formulations of transport modelling problems, as well as a general formal representation of the system as a set of elements, which is determined based on the analysis of many works of domestic authors. The conclusion is dedicated to discussion of issues of further development of the theory of transport macrosystems in a dynamic setting.
Uncollected Fare as Unresolved Problem of Public Transport Enterprises Engaged in Transportation of Benefit Holders
Authors: Malyshev M. I. , Filippova N. A. , Ponomarev M. L.
Published: December 2020

The international practices show that there are active policies of encouraging the use of public transport by people of special, privileged categories. Differentiated tariffs are used, all transport modes are combined into a single system, an index of accessibility of passenger transportation services is introduced. The system of free and discounted travel is widely implemented in Russia. But the problem of social support for privileged categories of citizens cannot be solved without ensuring payment of their travel with public transport. The burden of financing the provision of benefits cannot be assigned to carriers. Only development and subsequent application of the method of calculating uncollected fare will solve the problem of paying for transportation of social benefit holders. In this case, public transport enterprises will be able to conduct normal business activities and provide high-quality and safe passenger transportation services. The objective of the article is to justify the need to develop a method for calculating uncollected fare taking into account established tariffs. Nation-wide and regional legislation, as well as judicial practice regarding research problems, were studied at the example of some Russian regions. A critical analysis of the relevant regional regulations has been made. Information was collected on public transport enterprises that had ceased operations. As a result of a graphical interpretation of information on tariffs established by the state and compensation to carriers, the collected data were synthesized, which made it possible to clearly demonstrate the absence of a relationship between compensation and passenger transportation tariffs.
Legal Knowledge for Future Transport Employees
Authors: Kholikov I. V.
Published: December 2020

A suggested review is devoted to the textbook «Jurisprudence for students of transport universities» prepared by the staff of the department «Transport Law» of the Law Institute of Russian University of Transport. The textbook in a systematic form sets out the didactic blocks included in the course «Jurisprudence», aimed at specialists of transport universities and containing material necessary and sufficient to build legal competencies for future specialists in the field of transport, which will ensure their successful fulfillment of their future responsibilities in the context of digitalization of the economy and transport logistics. The presented material reflects all modern trends of dynamically developing Russian legislation, recent changes in regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of transport. The publication may be of interest not only for students, but also for scientists, teachers, specialists and everyone who is interested in issues of law and its relations with functioning of the transport system.
New Books on Transport and Transportation
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

Compiled by N. OLEYNIK
Visualizing Methods of Multi-criteria Alternatives for Pairwise Comparison Procedure
Authors: Zaharova Alena , Korostelev Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of choosing a preferred alternative in a pairwise comparison procedure. The difficulties of applying this procedure in a case of using alternatives with a large number of criteria are noted. It is proposed to supplement the procedure of expert pairwise comparison with visualization tools of multi-criteria alternatives. The paper considers several visualization methods for multi-criteria alternatives for pairwise comparison procedures: histograms, two-dimensional graphs, three-dimensional surfaces, probability distribution diagrams, visualization based on modifications of radar and radial diagrams, as well as combined methods. It described an experimental study of the application of the considered method for the task of determining the preferred alternative by the example of choosing one of two OpenFoam solvers (rhoCentralFoam and pisaCentralFoam), with the help of which estimates of the accuracy of calculating the inviscid flow around a cone were obtained. Each solver is characterized by 288 criteria. It is shown that the use of some of the methods considered does not make it possible for the expert to make a choice. In this case, a good result was obtained using methods for constructing three-dimensional surfaces, probability distribution diagrams, as well as using the combined method based on modified radar diagrams. It is concluded that the rhoCentralFoam solver is more preferable if there are no additional criteria for ranking the criteria. The possibility of using the combined method in combination with the ranking procedure of criteria (or their groups) during decision-making is also noted.
About methods of support for management decision-making under conditions of significant uncertainty
Authors: Baluta Viktor , Osipov Vladimir , Yakovenko Oleg
Published: December 2020

Attempts to improve the quality of managerial decisions by introducing modern advances in information technology in various areas of public administration (socio-humanitarian, strategic, foreign policy, etc.) do not give the desired effect, comparable to the effect of their implementation in the manufacturing sector. The solution to this problem requires qualitatively new approaches to the issues of information and analytical support for decision-making in conditions of significant uncertainty. This article highlights the difficulties of predictive management of social processes based on direct computer modeling of social systems, considers the disadvantages of expert decision support methods used in practice, and proposes new technologies for applying expert knowledge and competencies based on the use of computer modeling and research. Current approaches to working with experts can be described as methods of coordinating the opinions of a group of experts based on their personal views (models) on the issue under discussion. Our experience has shown that creating a common integrated model by a group of experts gives a much better result. While the traditional approach can be called "group" intelligence, the new approach is called "collective" intelligence. In addition, methods of decision support using artificial intelligence systems are currently being intensively developed. We propose to begin work on the creation of "hybrid" intelligence with the integration of these approaches to obtain a synergistic effect.
Intelligent system of forest area recognition for tasks of geographically distributed economic systems
Authors: Kuz'menko Aleksandr , Kondrashov Dmitrij , Sazonova Anna , Filippova Ludmila , Filippov Rodion
Published: December 2020

For a long period, our country has been in the process of radical transformations of the state economic system, associated with the final transition to a market system of management, the development of local self-government and the independence of economic entities. In the new conditions of the emerging market, the issues of ensuring the sustainable development of territorial economic systems and sectors of the economy, which are the source and guarantor of social stability, employment, a high level and quality of life of the population of the regions, come to the fore. The paper deals with an intelligent system for recognizing the dynamics of changes in forest areas based on automatic pattern recognition methods. The existing methods of processing graphical information, classification and clustering methods that are of value within the framework of the problems being solved are considered, and several original algorithms are proposed. LTP and FFT algorithms were selected as feature extractors of which the simplest and most productive option is LTP. Histogram equalization algorithms, median and Gaussian filters to eliminate noise and remove small image details are chosen to pre-process the image. Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances were used as separability measures. Naive Bayes classifier is proposed to use for classification.
Assessment of the characteristics of the municipal solid waste management system based on the apparatus of the theory of reliability
Authors: Khristodulo Olga , Gvozdev Vladimir , Bezhaeva Oxana , Shamsutdinov Marat
Published: December 2020

Currently, the problem of organizing a municipal solid waste management system (MSW) has become more acute in Russian regions and all over the world. Various environmental and economic problems, as well as problems related to public health negatively affect many aspects of the development of modern society. Therefore, the careful organization of the management of the MSW management system is of great social importance and needs constant improvement. In this paper, we look at the MSW management system from the point of various scientific approaches, namely, structural analysis methods, geoinformation technology methods, reliability theory for complex technical systems, evergetics, graph theory and fuzzy logic methods, including the apparatus of linguistic variables. The purpose of the work is to show the possibility of application and systematic combination of the above scientific methods that have proven themselves well in their fields to a new area of the MSW management systems. However, just application of these approaches is impossible without their further adaptation and systematization from the point of view of existing approaches to the management of similar systems. As part of this study, elements of the MSW management system were identified and a topological model of the system was developed. Structural-logical models of reliability at various levels of abstraction were also built.
On universal nature of periods spectrum in time series of planaria chemiluminescence
Authors: Panchelyuga Victor , Tiras Kharlampiy , Novikov Kirill , Panchelyuga Maria , Nefedova Svetlana , Seraya Olga
Published: December 2020

A local fractal analysis by all permutations method (APM) was developed. APM-analysis of noise-like time series of alpha decay rate fluctuations made it possible to reveal the spectrum of periods in the range of 1-120 min. The connection of this spectrum with the spectrum of the Earth natural oscillations was shown, and an assumption was made about its universal character, which means that it is present in fluctuations of processes of various nature. In this work, the APM method was used to study the noise-like time series of planarium chemiluminescence fluctuations. A spectrum of periods ranging from minutes to two hours has been obtained. A detailed coincidence of the found spectrum with the spectrum that we found earlier is shown. The results of present study confirm this earlier assumption about the universal nature of the detected spectrum of periods. For the mentioned range of periods, there were shown not only the close relationship of the found spectrum with the spectrum of the Earth's natural oscillations, but also its universal character: the spectra of the periods found for fluctuation in the systems of various nature (physical, chemical, biological) always coincided with the corresponding part of the found spectrum.
Integrated System Approach to Improving the Efficiency of IT Projects Management Based on Evolutionary Modeling
Authors: Zaharova Alena , Zaharchenkov Konstantin , Vajnilovich Julija
Published: December 2020

The concept of improving the efficiency of IT projects management is proposed, based on an integrated system approach to IT projects management and implementing a rational choice of parameters of the IT projects management system. The described approach provides integrated information processing and support for management decision-making at all stages of the IT project implementation. The integrated system approach to improving the efficiency of IT projects management involves the development of new algorithms for forming structure and composition of project teams and distribution of project team participants to project tasks using evolutionary modeling. The advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to quickly respond to changes in the parameters of internal processes of an IT project and an external environment. The proposed approach was tested when creating the corporate information system of “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC. The application of the proposed approach at “SMIT-Yartsevo” LLC ensured the reduction in the labor intensity and timing of the implementation of the main stages of the project to create the corporate information system by increasing the efficiency of managing the formation of project teams and the distribution of tasks among project team participants.
Approaches to assessing the semantic similarity of texts in a multilingual space
Authors: Hakimova Aida , Charnine Michael , Klokov Aleksey , Sokolov Evgenii
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to the development of a methodology for evaluating the semantic similarity of any texts in different languages is developed. The study is based on the hypothesis that the proximity of vector representations of terms in semantic space can be interpreted as a semantic similarity in the cross-lingual environment. Each text will be associated with a vector in a single multilingual semantic vector space. The measure of the semantic similarity of texts will be determined by the measure of the proximity of the corresponding vectors. We propose a quantitative indicator called Index of Semantic Textual Similarity (ISTS) that measures the degree of semantic similarity of multilingual texts on the basis of identified cross-lingual semantic implicit links. The setting of parameters is based on the correlation with the presence of a formal reference between documents. The measure of semantic similarity expresses the existence of two common terms, phrases or word combinations. Optimal parameters of the algorithm for identifying implicit links are selected on the thematic collection by maximizing the correlation of explicit and implicit connections. The developed algorithm can facilitate the search for close documents in the analysis of multilingual patent documentation.
An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by A Singaporean Singer in Instagram’s Caption
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: December 2020

This study aims to find out the type of code-mixing and the most dominant type of code-mixing used by Rosalina Musa in Instagram’s caption. This research is descriptive qualitative as the method of the research. From the result of the analysis shows an outer code mixing found in Rosalina Musa’s Instagram captions. It blends or mixes a native language with a foreign language. From the definitions stated, there are some types of code-mixing found in Rosalina Musa’s Instagram captions, they are the example is the English language is mixed with the Indonesian language. The forms of code-mixing usually appear in word, phrase, clause, hybrid, and repetition/reduplication. In a word, there are 152 data or 53.33 %. In a phrase, there are 113 data or 39.65 %. In the clause, there are 12 data or 4.21 %. In a hybrid, there are 6 data or 2.11 %. While in repetition/reduplication there are 2 data or 0.70 %. It also shows that the most dominant type of code-mixing found in Rosalina Musa’s Instagram captions appears in the word. The insertion of words here means the language unit that stands on its own, it consists of free morpheme sand bound morphemes. The words include some part of speech or word class, for example, noun, adjective, verb, conjunction, and adverb.
Rethinking the Roles of English Lecturers in the Digital Era
Authors: Lestari Disa Evawani
Published: December 2020

Along the era of rapid technology advancement on the performance of Artificial I

Along with the era of rapid technology advancement on the performance of Artificial Intelligence (henceforth AI), there have been intense discussions and debates among educationists about the future of human teachers and AI teachers. When information can be accessed easily amidst the rapid development of online learning, it is intriguing to listen to students’ perspectives on the roles they expect from their teachers, especially in learning English subjects, when abundant resources are available and accessible online within their fingertips in social media platforms and online learning websites. In short, to identify what cannot be fulfilled online. To serve that purpose, 160 students from a private university in Indonesia were recruited as research participants. They are from 16 different study programs recruited as participants through a purposive sampling method to see if findings are bound to study program types. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and an interview. The results indicated that the students perceive their teachers as someone to guide their learning by providing good online resources and immediate feedback rather than expecting their teachers to be a content expert or to have a linguistic performance like native teachers.
Hikmah Covid-19
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Mafhum bahwa secara teologis atau ilmu kalam, apapun yang diciptakan Tuhan pastilah ada manfaatnya. Tidak ada ciptaan Allah SWT yang sia-sia. Rabbana ma khalaqta hadza bathila, (QS Ali Imron: 191) Tuhan kami, tiadalah Engkau menciptakan (segala alam raya dan isinya) ini dengan sia-sia. Nyamuk yang kecil dan menjengkelkan ternyata memberikan banyak manfaat. Lihatlah berapa banyak perusahan yang memproduksi obat nyamuk. Mulai dari obat nyamuk bakar, dalam bentuk semprot sampai berbentuk gel. Perusahaan tersebut tentu banyak menyerap tenaga kerja.
Kebijakan Pendidikan di Era New Normal
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Apa itu New Normal atau kelaziman baru/normal baru ?Belum ada definisi resmi. Secara mudah New Normal adalah perubahan perilaku untuk tetap menjalankan aktivitas normal; belajar, bekerja dan beribadah. Doni Monardo, Ketua Pelaksana Gugus Tugas Covid 19 mengenalkan konsep empat sehat lima sempurna: (1) menggunakan masker, (2) menjaga jarak fisik dan sosial, (3) rajin mencuci tangan dan olah raga, (4) tidur teratur dan cukup, (5) makanan bernutrisi. M Qodari menggunakan istilah Tatanan Hidup dengan Covid-19 atau THC (Kompas, 14 Mei 2020). Ada beberapa alasan perlu diterapkannya THC yaitu (1) kemampuan ekonomi Indonesia sangat terbatas. Menkeu tidak memberi jawaban pasti, hanya menyebut tiga, enam atau sembilan bulan (Desember 2020). (2) belum ada kepastian Covid 19 berakhir. Organisasi Kesehatan dunia (WHO) menyebut perkiraan akhir 2021. Realitasnya mungkin perlu waktu lama untuk memvaksinkan seluruh penduduk dunia 7,8 miliar jiwa.
Pentingnya Menerapkan Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Afifah Diratul
Published: December 2020

Materi lingkungan sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dengan materi lingkungan guru bisa dengan mudah mencari contoh relevan yang membuat siswa lebih memahami materi yang diberikan, sehingga dapat membantu guru dalam mengimplikasikan materi bahasa Indinesia di sekolah. Lembaga pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam proses penanaman pendidikan wawasan lingkungan kepada peserta didik, dan pendidik senantiasa menjadi penyambung proses nilai-nilai positif berbasis lingkungan kepada peserta didik.
Remote Sensing Application in Surveying Statewide Asphalt Pavement Aggregate Stockpile Inventory
Authors: Ashtiani Milad Zokaei
Published: December 2020

This study introduces a remote sensing application using satellite imagery to survey a network-scale aggregate stockpile inventory. First, a real scale aggregate quarry site was surveyed using a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (sUAV) to produce digital terrain models that enabled analysis of aggregate pile geometry. Second, a lab experiment was designed and performed to validate the applicability of close-range Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry for measuring aggregate piles' physical properties such as volume and density. The other part of the lab experiment delved into direct measurement of aggregate density under varying compaction efforts. These experimental results, in conjunction with some simplifying assumptions, enabled the calculation of aggregate stockpile volumes and estimated weights from satellite imagery. We estimated that an inventory of 4.4 and 1.1 million metric tons of crushed aggregates and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), respectively, stockpiled in Washington State for asphalt production in 2017. The merit of producing such database was further showcased in an example on the economic and environmental impacts of material transportation. We approximated that hauling aggregates from quarry plants to construction sites within Washington State incurs a cost of about $50 thousand to over $4 million, consumes about 0.25 to 20 TJ of energy, and emits 20 to over 1,500 tons of CO2-eq per asphalt plant annually.
The Relationship of Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment
Authors: sudelma Briliani ferga
Published: December 2020

The school environment has an impact on student learning in school, because if the school environment makes students feel uncomfortable, then these students will also lack their focus on learning, and if these students do not focus on learning, students will not understand what the teacher is teaching in front of the class . So, indirectly, learning at schools that have adequate environments and comfortable facilities is better than schools with dirty environments and uncomfortable facilities. According to Mitsuki and Lai (in Ramadhan et al, 2019), around the world, everyone faces serious environmental problems, such as global warming, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, environmental pollution, natural damage, and loss of biodiversity that can threaten the lives of current generations. , especially future generations.
CD300LG (Nepmucin) is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Brain metastases affect up to 34% of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab (1). Limited treatment options are available for clinical control of brain metastatic breast cancer (2-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to identify genes associated with metastasis to the brain in human breast cancer. This unbiased, global gene expression analysis identified differential expression of CD300LG as a transcriptional feature of brain metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Messenger RNA for CD300LG was present at significantly lower quantities in the brain metastatic tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Additional microarray analysis revealed that CD300LG was also among the genes whose expression, transcriptome-wide, was most significantly different in primary tumors of the breast when compared to normal breast tissues. CD300LG is part of the transcriptional signature of human metastatic breast cancer.
Self and Communal Healing by Vocalizing Chakra Toning Sounds While Dancing in Raves and Parties
Authors: Geffen Rona
Published: December 2020

While dancing in raves and parties people tend to spontaneously vocalize vowels which accurately resemble what is commonly known as Chakra Toning Sounds. This sonic observation raises the hypothesis that people instinctively and intuitively heal themselves by balancing and activating their own chakras with their voice. To test and verify this hypothesis a survey was conducted in which 96 participants were asked to share their experience about the voices they produce and hear in raves and parties while dancing. The majority of participants reported to use their voice and hear others use their voice with Chakra Toning Sounds. An interesting observation suggests that a communal effect is created by this action, in which self healing informs and encourages communal (group) healing, possibly underlying collaborative and collective healing.
Properties of kukersite shale oil
Authors: Baird Zachariah , Järvik Oliver , Rannaveski Rivo , Oja Vahur
Published: December 2020

Inspite of the increasing focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, production of shale oil continues to be economically favorable, and production has even increased in recent years. Producing and handling shale oil requires data on its properties, and to provide this data we have undertaken an extensive project to experimentally measure the properties of Estonian kukersite shale oil. In this article we describe the sample preparation methods and present experimental data on key properties of the shale oil samples. Included is data on the densities, refractive indexes, average boiling points, and molar masses of distillation fractions with narrow boiling ranges. A major component of kukersite shale oil is phenolic compounds, and to investigate their effect on the properties we used extraction to obtain samples with either fewer or more phenols than commonly found in the oil. The effect of composition on the properties is discussed. We also present correlations for calculating one of these properties if two others are known. This article lays the groundwork for future articles which will go into further detail on specific properties of these samples.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Putriastuti
Published: December 2020

Lingkungan memiliki keterkaitan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Materi lingkungan sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Materi lingkungan menunjang siswa dalam memahami materi bahasa Indonesia dengan baik, dapat menambah wawasan siswa, serta dapat membangun kecerdasan ekologis siswa. Lingkungan merupakan komponen yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, dengan mampu mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis lingkungan guru bisa dengan mudah mencari contoh nyata yang membuat siswa lebih paham akan materi yang diberikan, sehingga dapat membantu guru dalam mengimplikasikan materi bahasa Indonesia di sekolah.
Factors associated with Adherence to Social Distancing Protocols and Hygienic Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ebrahimi Omid V. , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate factors associated with adherence to viral mitigation strategies recommended by the WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic, including adherence to social distancing protocols (SDPs) and adherence to hygienic behavior recommendations (HB). Design: This pre-registered epidemiological study of 4158 adults examines the association between situational, cognitive, affective, behavioral, and personality-based factors with adherence to SDPs and HB during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further investigates the relationship between central information sources and adherence behavior.Main Outcome Measures: Adherence to social distancing protocols (SDPs) and adherence to hygienic behavior recommendations (HB). Results: Individuals aged between 18-30 reported lowest adherence to SDPs and HB. Greater alcohol consumption was associated with decreased adherence to SDP and HB. Increased risk perception, fear of infection, conscientious personality, and altruistic attitude was associated with greater adherence to SDPs and HB. Males, single individuals, employed individuals, and those without children reported lower adherence to SDPs and HB. Extroverted personality and residents of urban areas were associated with lower adherence to SDPs, but not HB. In contrast to earlier stages of the pandemic, voluntary social distancing was associated with greater adherence to SDPs as opposed to rule-enforced (e.g., mandated) social distancing. Among information sources, increased time spent obtaining information from official (i.e., recognized) newspapers had the strongest favorable association with adherence to both SDPs and HB, followed by information obtainment from recognized television channels. Relying on information from friends and family was associated with decreased adherence to SDPs, but was unrelated to adherence to HB. Sensitivity analyses replicated the findings, supporting the stability and robustness of the proposed models. Conclusion: The present study identifies factors associated with favorable and detrimental adherence behavior along with substantial dissemination routes, presenting strategies which may be utility toward fostering adherence to contemporaneously implemented pandemic mitigation protocols.Key words: COVID-19; Adherence; Compliance; Social Distancing; Physical Distancing; Viral Mitigation; Hygienic Behavior
Decision Making by Ensembles of Accumulators
Authors: Cox Gregory Edward , Logan Gordon D. , Schall Jeffrey , Palmeri Thomas
Published: December 2020

Evidence accumulation is a computational framework that accounts for behavior as well as the dynamics of individual neurons involved in decision making. Linking these two levels of description reveals a scaling paradox: How do choices and response times (RT) explained by models assuming single accumulators arise from a large ensemble of idiosyncratic accumulator neurons? We created a simulation model that makes decisions by aggregating across ensembles of accumulators, thereby instantiating the essential structure of neural ensembles that make decisions. Across different levels of simulated choice difficulty and speed-accuracy emphasis, choice proportions and RT distributions simulated by the ensembles are invariant to ensemble size and the accumulated evidence at RT is invariant across RT when the accumulators are at least moderately correlated in either baseline evidence or rates of accumulation and when RT is not governed by the most extreme accumulators. To explore the relationship between the low-level ensemble accumulators and high-level cognitive models, we fit simulated ensemble behavior with a standard LBA model. The standard LBA model generally recovered the core accumulator parameters (particularly drift rates and residual time) of individual ensemble accumulators with high accuracy, with variability parameters of the standard LBA modulating as a function of various ensemble parameters. Ensembles of accumulators also provide an alternative conception of speed-accuracy tradeoff without relying on varying thresholds of individual accumulators, instead by adjusting how ensembles of accumulators are aggregated or by how accumulators are correlated within ensembles. These results clarify relationships between neural and computational accounts of decision making.
Imitation Primer
Authors: heyes cecilia
Published: December 2020

In this Primer, Cecilia Heyes explains why imitation is thought to be a mark of cognitive complexity and an inheritance mechanism for cumulative culture. Recent research involving birds, ‘enculturated’ chimpanzees, and humans suggests that the cognitive mechanisms that make imitation possible are constructed during development through social interaction.
Imprecise and Informative: Lessons from Market Reactions to Imprecise Disclosure
Authors: Cookson J. Anthony , Moon S. Katie , Noh Joonki
Published: December 2020

Imprecise language in corporate disclosures can convey valuable information on ?firms'fundamentals during uncertain times. To evaluate this idea, we develop a novel measure of linguistic imprecision based on sentences marked with the \weasel tag" on Wikipedia. For a 10-week window following the 10-K disclosure, we ?nd that the use of imprecise language in 10-Ks predicts 1) positive and non-reverting abnormal returns, 2) improvements to stock liquidity, 3) greater intensities of insider and informed buying, and 4) higher news sentiment. These fi?ndings are the strongest when the fi?rm disclosures are more forward looking, and for fi?rms with greater idiosyncratic volatility. Taken together, our fi?ndings imply that the imprecise language in 10-Ks contains new information on positive but yet immature prospects of future cash flow.
HRV‐Monitoring im Rahmen eines vierwöchigen High‐Intensity Intervalltrainings
Authors: Schneider Christoph
Published: December 2020

EINLEITUNG. Das Monitoring von Belastungs‐ und Erholungsreaktionen im Sport gilt mittlerweile als zentralesInstrument im Prozess der Optimierung und Individualisierung von Trainingsmaßnahmen. Die Messungder Herzfrequenz (HR) ‐variabilität (HRV) stellt hier ein vielversprechendes Monitoringtool dar,welches einen Einblick in Aktivität und Regulationsmechanismen des kardial‐autonomen Nervensystems(ANS) liefert. Ziel der Studie ist die Evaluation eines HRV‐Monitorings im Rahmen eines vierwöchigenHigh‐Intensity Intervalltrainings (HIT) hinsichtlich der Fähigkeit Belastungs‐ und Erholungsreaktionensowie Leistungsveränderungen abzubilden.METHODIK. 12 trainierte Probanden aus intermittierenden Sportarten absolvierten einen 4‐wöchigen,periodisierten HIT‐Zyklus mit jeweils 3 Trainingseinheiten pro Woche. Die maximale und submaximaleLeistungsfähigkeit wurde mittels Stufentests auf dem Laufband vor (Baseline) sowie zwei (Post 1) undneun Tage (Post 2) nach der Interventionsphase ermittelt. Der allgemeine Erholungsstatus (KEB) wurdean allen Test‐ und Trainingstagen erfragt. Begleitend, sowie zwei Wochen vor und nach der Intervention,wurden täglich 6‐minütige HRV‐Ruhemessungen nach dem Aufstehen durchgeführt und anschließendmittels gleitendem 7 Tage‐Mittelwert analysiert.ERGEBNISSE. Das Training löste moderate bis starke (Cohen’s d = ‐1,12 bis ‐1,25) Ermüdungserscheinungen(KEB) in den Interventionswochen 1 und 3 (likely bis most likely) aus. Die maximale Leistungsfähigkeitzeigte klare Verbesserungen (d = 0,20 bis 0,41) an Post 1 und Post 2 (likely bis most likely), wobei diesubmaximale Leistungsfähigkeit tendenziell (possibly) an Post 2 gering (d = 0,21 bis 0,23) erhöht war. DerHRV‐Parameter Ln rMSSD/RR war an Post 2 gering (d = ‐0,40) verringert (likely). Die drei Einzelfallanalysenzeigten erheblich divergierende ANS‐Reaktionen bei den betrachteten Athleten, welche sich vergleichbarüberdurchschnittlich in ihrer submaximalen und maximalen Leistungsfähigkeit verbesserten.SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG. Ein HRV‐Monitoring auf Grundlage täglicher Ruhemessungen und gleitender 7 Tage‐Mittelwertsbildung ist auf Gruppenebene nicht in der Lage die beobachteten Belastungs‐ und Erholungsreaktionenoder die Leistungsverbesserungen abzubilden. Im Rahmen von Einzelfallanalysenscheint die HRV potenziell nützliche Informationen hinsichtlich individueller Adaptationsverläufen liefernzu können, welche möglicherweise eine Individualisierung und Optimierung von Trainingsplanungund ‐steuerung ermöglichen. Dennoch stehen Aufwand und Nutzen, sowohl auf Gruppen‐ als auch aufEinzelfallebene, in einem deutlichen Defizitverhältnis. Ein HRV‐Monitoring ist derzeit unter Anwendungder etablierten Methoden in vergleichbaren Settings nicht empfehlenswert.
MORO-A DESTABILIZING FACTOR IN THE PHILIPPINES: ATTEMPTS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
Authors: Panarina Daria
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена проблеме моро - мусульманского меньшинства на южном острове Филиппин Минданао. Автор дает краткий исторический обзор внутреннего конфликта между правительством Филиппин и мусульманскими сепаратистами и анализирует последнюю попытку государства разрешить данный конфликт путем образования автономии Бангсаморо (БААРМ).
INFLUENCE OF MODERN CIVILIZATION ON THE UZBEK NATIONAL MENTALITY
Authors: Kurbonov Tohir
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the influence that modern civilization exerts on the mentality of the Uzbek people. The article also scientifically describes customs, traditions, language, religion, psychology, worldview and mentality of the nation.
Employee Engagement Level and Its Key Determinants: a Study in the Context of Nepalese Media Sector
Authors: Niraula Damodar
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to measure the level of employee engagement and to propose employee engagement framework. Following two-step sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the employees of fifteen media houses. The results of the survey are analyzed with the help of SPSS 18 version. Majority of the employees of Nepalese media houses have been found being engaged to their job. The findings confirm that five HR practices: performance appraisal and recognition; participatory culture; working facility; communication; and job and resources are the determinants of employee engagement. Among those, performance appraisal and recognition, and participatory culture, should be the major focus of human resource managers to make the employees engaged. Additionally, the paper can serve as a reference and an analytical tool to researchers for expanding knowledge on the topic.
Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Behavioural Outcomes of Financial Institutions of Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Gopal Man
Published: December 2020

This study is based on the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance in terms of behavioral outcomes of financial institutions of Nepal. The variables of HRM practices involve recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, career planning, compensation, employee participation, and job design whereas variable of behavioral outcomes involve motivation, cooperation, involvement and organizational citizenship. In this study, while analyzing the beta coefficient, it is found that job design sensitivity to organizational performance is high followed by employee participation and compensation system. But all other variables recruitment and selection training and development, and career planning have also positive impact on behaviour outcomes of organizational performance. However, recruitment and selection, training and development, and career planning have minimum impact on behaviour outcomes of organizational performance.
Study of Affecting Factors of Meteorological Parameters on Solar Radiation in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shrestha Prakash M. , Poudyal Khem N. , Chapagain Narayan P. , Karki Indra B.
Published: December 2020

Solar radiation data are great significance for solar energy systems. This study aimed to estimate monthly and seasonal average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface in Kathmandu (27.7oN, 85.5oE, 1350 masl), Nepal, by using CMP6 pyranometer in 2012. The influence of the global solar irradiation from different physical as well as meteorological parameters was analyzed. Besides this, the research highlighted that there is high level of fluctuation of the measured value of global solar irradiance due to local weather conditions. As a result of this measurement, the maximum, minimum monthly and yearly mean solar radiation values were (21.32 ± 4.14) MJ/m2/day in May,(10.93 ± 2.03) MJ/m2/day in January and (16.68 ± 4.60)MJ/m2/day found respectively. Annual average of clearness index, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative sunshine hour, air mass are 0.51 ± 0.12, (26.23 ± 4.96)oC, (12.38 ± 6.83)oC, 0.57 ± 0.165 and 1.54 ± 0.42 respectively. There is positive correlation of maximum temperature and negative correlation of air mass with global solar radiation.
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Approach to Ecology
Authors: Gouli Mohan Raj
Published: December 2020

This article attempts to explore Emerson’s trust in nature and his efforts to establish strong affinity between human being and natural world using the tool of eco criticism. Ecological study attempts to elaborate the significance of nature for the benefit of human beings. Protecting nature means protecting the life of human beings because when the nature is destroyed, it eventually hampers the daily life of human individuals. Nature writers have honestly recognized the value of nature to encourage people to love it and understand its value. Living beings undergo several experiences in the company of nature and they maintain their miseries and happiness which come side by side. Therefore, it is essential that human beings must honestly attempt to strengthen their understanding with the environmental issues.
Students' Views on Shadowing in English Language Learning
Authors: Kshetree Arun Kumar
Published: December 2020

This article is a part of a mini-research conducted in Rupandehi district, Tilottama municipality to find out the situation of shadowing in education and its effect in English language learning. It focuses on the students' views towards shadowing to learn English. Though the study was conducted there in two private schools of the municipality, the participants were from various districts and have passed SEE from different government and private schools of Lumbini region and outside. The results found include that the students are spellbound in taking part in shadow activities of education and they believe that whatever they achieved was due to shadowing not due to the regular classes. The study also reveals some unwanted activities of the teachers involved in shadow activities like giving clues of questions to prepare the exams, helping students in exam halls and so on.
COVID-19: An Essay in Keywords
Authors: Ironstone Penelope
Published: December 2020

This essay is inspired by what has become a staple of cultural studies, the parsing of keywords that appear and crystallize during moments of social, cultural, political and economic change. It takes as its starting point a methodology based in the examples of Williams’ (1985) Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society and Grover’s (1987) “AIDS: Keywords” in order to trace the ways that the language of COVID-19 has served simultaneously to make intelligible and obscure, reveal and cover over the divisions, contradictions and inequalities of the pandemic experience. Rather than attempting a dictionary-style entry system of keywords, which would imply a stability of meaning that might be excavated and understood, this essay animates certain keywords of the pandemic, which are bolded below, in order to situate, define and critique them. It looks to particular keywords tied to pandemic subjectification and the divisions these elicit and elide, such as the asymptomatic carrier, essential worker, self-isolation/inverted quarantine and vulnerable populations, as heuristics for a kind of conjunctural analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sua Cuique Persona: The Ambivalent Politics of Masks
Authors: Theophanidis Philippe
Published: December 2020

This contribution proposes to understand one specific aspect of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic from a visual perspective. The ubiquitous non-medical masks expose not only the invisibility of the biological threat but also the fact that the pandemic is at once also a political issue. This essay begins with a brief examination of an enigmatic cover portrait from the 16th century attributed to Ridolfo Ghirlandaio that bears the inscription “sua cuique persona.” The painting, executed at the time when the concept of the person entered juridical vocabulary, brings to the fore the problematic articulation between face, personhood and mask. Its examination sets the stage for a different understanding of the functions of non-medical masks. On one hand, in certain circumstances, instead of negating political participation, masks enable it and make it more visible. On the other hand, they also expose and reconduct fracture lines within society. As shared immunity machines, they both bring us together and set us apart.
Pandemic Time and Wartime, All Out of Joint
Authors: Balan Neil
Published: December 2020

Over four sections, the paper approaches the biomedical and biopolitical production of COVID-19 by linking the discourse of the pandemic and the discourse of war. The first section considers the drift and imposition of martial language, discourses and analogies in relation to framing and conceptualizing the pandemic. The second section describes the military territorialization and martial genealogy of K’jipuktuk (Halifax) to think through the pandemic. The third section considers how the object of population is shared by military counterinsurgency methods and pandemic public safety measures in relation to the idea of proportionality and acceptable losses. The fourth section ends by engaging with notions of biopolitical pre-existing conditions in advance of COVID-19 to consider the provision and production of safety in a post-pandemic recovery.