bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Relationship between the Emission of Chlorine and UV/VIS Sensitive Organic Matter from Heating MSWI Baghouse Ash: Using an Optical UV/VIS Spectrometer as the On‐Line Monitoring Sensor
Authors: Huang Wu‐Jang , Liu Yu‐Wei , Liou Jinx‐Jun
Published: May 2015

In this study the baghouse ash (fly ash) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants was heated in a fixed bed reactor, from 25 °C to 800 °C. An optical fiber UV/VIS spectrometer was employed as the real‐time monitor to probe the emission behaviors of organic compounds. A two‐dimensional (2D) correlation technique was used to specify organic matter existing in exhausted gas. Three adsorbents, including water, acetone and cyclohexane, were used to adsorb the organic and molecular chlorine in the gas emitted from the reactor. Concentrations of molecular chlorine (Cl2), total organic carbon (TOC), and total inorganic carbon (TIC) in these adsorbents were analyzed to evaluate the reactions occurring in fly ash. We have found that generation temperatures of molecular chlorine were found mainly at 200 °C and 750 °C, which are attributed to the dechlorination of chlorinated‐organic compounds and vaporization of heavy metal chlorides, respectively. 2D correlation UV/VIS spectra are useful to extract valuable information from the one‐dimensional UV/VIS of emitted gas. The identified organic species would be diethyl‐amine, dibenzo‐p‐dioxin, thioxanthone, 1,4‐dichloro‐anthraquinone, benzene, 1‐naphthalene azo, azulene, dibenzanthrone, 1‐chloro‐4‐notroso‐benzene and 4‐nitro‐toluene. The emission behaviors of dibenzo‐p‐dioxin, thioxanthone, azulene and dibenzanthrone were reported, and we concluded that the chlorine emission is almost always earlier than the release of these UV/VIS‐sensitive organic compounds.
Tetrafluorine‐Containing Ketones and Acetoacetates: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Tsai Hou‐Jen , Hsieh Chi‐Wei
Published: May 2015

Addition of trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetate to the carbanions of α‐fluorobenzyl‐phosphonate (3) or diisopropyl(fluorocarbethoxymethyl)phosphonate (9) formed the corresponding intermediates [CF3C(O)CFPh]−Li+ (10) and [CF3C(O)CFCO2Et]−Li+ (11), respectively. Subsequent protonation, alkylation or allylation of 10 and 11 afforded trifluoromethyl fluorobenzyl ketones 12 and ethyl 2,4,4,4‐tetra‐fluoroacetoacetates 13. Based on the results obtained, a plausible mechanism was proposed.
Facile, Regioselective and Green Synthesis of Ortho‐Nitrophenoles Using NaNO2, KHSO4
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Oskooie Hossein A. , Baghernejad Bita
Published: May 2015

Certain phenols and naphtols were nitrated regioselectively with NaNO2 in the presence of KHSO4 at 50 °C in high yields.
Synthesis of Novel Biphenyltetrazole Derivatives Containing 5‐Methylisoxazole Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazole
Authors: Sun De‐Guang , Hui Xin‐Ping , Xu Peng‐Fei , Zhang Zi‐Yi , Guan Zuo‐Wu
Published: May 2015

An efficient route to synthesize the target compounds was developed. Fifteen new 5‐[4′‐(5‐isoxazol‐4‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl‐sulfanylmethyl)‐biphenyl‐2‐yl]‐tetrazoles derivatives were synthesized. The structures of the new compounds synthesized were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data.
Effect of Hydrohalogenation of Metal/Zeolite Catalysts for Cyclohexene Hydroconversion ‐Part 3‐ Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Aboul‐Gheit Noha A. K.
Published: May 2015

Cyclohexene (CHE) hydroconversion was performed in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 50–400 °C using: Pd/H‐ZSM‐5, Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HCl), and Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HF) catalysts. These catalysts were characterized for acid site strength distribution via NH3 TPD, Pd dispersion via H2 chemisorption, TPR via reduction of the metal oxide in the catalysts and XRD for tracing crystallinity The hydroconversion steps proceeded as follows: CHE → Cyclohexane (CHA); CHE → Methylcyclopentenes (MCPEs) → Methylcyclopentane (MCPA); CHE → Cyclohexadienes (CHDEs) → Benzene → Alkylbenzenes; CHE and others → Hydrocrackedproducts.

The overall hydroconversion of CHE was achieved in the catalyst order: Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HF) > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HCl). CHE hydrogenation step was the major reaction at low temperatures which significantly inhibited via HCl treatment, but slightly enhanced via HF treatment. At medium temperatures, on all catalysts, isomerisation to MCPEs and MCPA increase to a maximum then a decline with a further increase of temperature. The overall isomerisation of CHE was highest on the untreated catalyst. During the higher temperature range, dehydrogenation, alkylation and hydrocracking were increased with temperature. Dehydrogenation of CHE always yielded larger amounts of 1,3‐CHDE than 1,4‐CHDE. These cyclohexadienes were produced in the catalyst order: Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HF) > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HCl) > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5. In general, benzene alkylation to toluene exceeded that of xylenes, indicating that the second methylation is more difficult than the first. However, the catalytic activities for benzene and toluene production were in the order: Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 » Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HCl) > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HF), whereas for xylenes production, Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 » Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HF) > Pd/H‐ZSM‐5(HCl). Intrapore diffusion plays an important role during the dehydrogenation reactions as well as during the interconversion of individual aromatic hydrocarbons.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2 by Supporting on Clinoptilolite in the Decolorization of Azo Dye Direct Yellow 12 Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nikazar Manouchehr , Gholivand Khodayar , Mahanpoor Kazem
Published: May 2015

Structure and physico‐chemical properties of a photocatalyst, especially surface area and absorption ability, were correlated to catalytic activities in photodegradation of dye pollutants in water. In this investigation photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Direct yellow 12 (Chrysophenine G) in water was studied. Titanium(IV) oxide was supported on Clinoptilolite (CP) (Iranian Natural Zeolite) using solid‐state dispersion (SSD) method. The results show that the TiO2/Clinoptilolite (SSD) is an active photocatalyst. The maximum effect of photo degradation was observed at 10 wt.% TiO2, 90 wt.% Clinoptilolite. A first order reaction with k = 0.0108 min−1 was observed. The effects of some parameters such as pH, amount of photocatalyst, initial concentration of dye were examined.
Chemical Constituents from the Root of Antidesma Pentandrum var. Barbatum
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chang , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Lee Shoiw‐Ju , Tsai Ian‐Lih , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: May 2015

Investigation of the root extract of Antidesma pentandrum var. barbatum led to the isolation of seven new compounds, antidesmol (1), antidesmanins E (2) and F (3), antidesnone (4), antidesnol (5), barbatumols A (6) and B (7), together with 14 known compounds including sodium aristolochate‐I (10) and aristolochic acid‐I methyl ester (11).
Three New Cadinene Derivatives from Xenia Puerto‐Galerae
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Tzeng Guo‐Lin , Chen Meng‐Hsien , Khalil Ashraf Taha
Published: May 2015

Chromatographic investigation of an acetone extract of the octocoral Xenia puerto‐galerae afforded three new cadinene sesquiterpenes; 8‐epi‐xenitorin A (1), 10‐epi‐xenitorin C (2), and 7‐isopropenyl‐4,10‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydronaphthalene (3), in addition to four known cadinene analogs (4, 11–13) and six xenicanes (5–10). The structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR. A biogenetic pathway of 1–3 and analogs was proposed.
Evaluation of the Sorptive Capacity of Sugarcane Bagasse and Its Coal for Heavy Metals in Solution
Authors: Soltan M. E. , Sirry S. M. , Fawzy E. M.
Published: May 2015

Recycling of sugarcane bagasse and its coal as metal sorbents to capture metal ions from wastewater is the aim of this study. Thus, stability of sugarcane bagasse and its coal, in addition to the solubilities of metal ions in synthetic solution, were determined in this study at different pH values. Also, sorption of Fe, Mn, Cd, and Pb ions with different concentrations (10‐100 mg L−1) on different grain size fractions of sugarcane bagasse (< 150 > μm) and its coal (< 80 > μm) was carried out under different pH values (2, 4 and 6), dosage (2, 6, and 10 g L−1), time intervals (15‐300 min.) and temperature (20‐50 °C). The results indicated that the sugarcane bagasse and its coal were more stable at pH 6, and the solubilities of metal ions in the synthetic solution exhibited high values at pH 2 more than pH 4 and 6, respectively. Generally, removal of metal ions using the sorbents increased with the decreasing of grain size fractions and with increasing of pH values (6 > 4 > 2), sorbent doses (10 > 6 > 2 g L−1) and initial concentrations of metal ions (10‐100 mg L−1). Coal of sugarcane bagasse was more effective than the sugarcane bagasse for removal of the metal ions from solution. Positive values of ΔH° suggest the endothermic nature of sorption in all cases. The negative Gibb's free energy values indicate the feasibility of the process and spontaneous nature of sorption (Fe‐bagasse coal system), while the positive value of ΔG° suggests the non‐spontaneous character of adsorption of all metals. The negative values of entropy change ΔS° (Pb‐bagasse system) indicate the highly ordered adsorption process in this case, while the positive values of ΔS° show the increased randomness at solid/solution interface during the sorption metal ion on bagasse. The results of activation energy values indicate the order of sorption feasibility is: Pb > Fe > Cd > Mn in the case of bagasse and Fe > Pb > Cd > Mn in the case of coal. Generally, the results of this study suggest that the sugarcane bagasse and its coal might provide an economical method for the removal of metal ions from wastewater.
Purification, Characterization and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Three Galactose‐Specific Lectins from Pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima) Seed Kernels
Authors: Sarkar Subodh Kumar , Hossain M. Tofazzal , Uddin M. Belal , Absar Nurul
Published: May 2015

Three galactose‐specific lectins have been isolated and purified from the extract of pumpkin seed kernels by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐75 with 100% ammonium sulfate saturated crude extract, followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B. All three lectins were found to be homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The molecular weights of lectins, PSL‐1, PSL‐2 and PSL‐3, as estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐75 were 40,000, 42,000 and 46,000, and by SDS‐PAGE about 39,500, 41,000 and 45,000, respectively. The lectins, PSL‐1, PSL‐2 & PSL‐3 were dimer in nature and the molecular weights of their subunits were about 25,500 and 14,000; 26,000 and 15,000; and 30,500 and 15,000, respectively. The lectins are glycoproteins with a neutral sugar content of 3‐5%. The lectins agglutinated rat red blood cells and the hemagglutination was inhibited specifically by galactose and galactose‐containing saccharides. The lectins exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay.
A New Biphenylpropanoid from Alpinia Katsumadai
Authors: Huang Wen‐Zhe , Zhang Chao‐Feng , Zhang Mian , Wang Zheng‐Tao
Published: May 2015

A new biphenylpropanoid, katsumadin (1), together with seven known ones cardamonin (2), (4E, 6E)‐1,7‐diphenyl‐4,6‐heptadien‐3‐one (3), pinocembrin (4), (4Z, 6E)‐5‐hydroxy‐1,7‐diphenyl‐4, 6‐heptadien‐3‐one (5), 7,4î‐dihydroxy‐5‐methoxyflavanone (6), 3,5‐dihydroxystilbene (7), and alpinetin (8) were isolated from the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata and identified based on detailed spectral analysis including 2D NMR spectrometry and HRMS. Compounds 1‐4 and 8 showed antiemetic activity.
Synthesis and Reactions of 3‐Methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]Benzimidazole‐2‐Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide: Synthesis of Some New Pyrazole, 1,3‐Thiazoline, 1,2,4‐Triazole and 1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazine Derivatives Pendant to Thiazolo[3,2‐a]Benzimidazole Moiety
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Hamdy Nehal A. , Farag Ahmad M. , Fakhr Issa M. I.
Published: May 2015

The reaction of 3‐methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1) with hydrazine hydrate gives the hydrazide 2 which reacts with CS2/KOH to afford the potassium salt 3. Treatment of 3 with l‐aryl‐2‐bromoethanones 4a,b afforded the 1,3‐thiazoline derivatives 6a,b, respectively, while the reaction of 3 with hydrazine hydrate afforded 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione derivative 9. The reaction of 9 with l‐aryl‐2‐bromoethanones 4a,b and with hydrazonyl chlorides 11a,b gave the 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives 10a,b and 12a,b, respectively. Treatment of hydrazide 2 with phenyl isothiocyanate in refluxing benzene gave the thiosemicarbazide derivative 16. The latter reaction gave 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative 17 when benzene was replaced by DMF. Cyclization of the thiosemicarbazide derivative 16 with NaOH resulted in the formation of the 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione derivative 18.
An Environmentally Benign System; A Simple and Effective Procedure for Dehydration of Oximes into Nitriles in Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Hekmatshoar Rahim , Sajadi Sodeh , Heravi Majid M.
Published: May 2015

In an environmentally benign solvent free system aldoximes are rapidly transformed into nitriles using trimethylsilylchloride under mild conditions.
Interaction of Reactive Brilliant Red with Cetylpyridinium and Application to Determination of Cationic Surfactant in Water
Authors: Zhao He‐Ping , Zhao Xue‐Tao , Bai Jing , Gao Hong‐Wen
Published: May 2015

The microsurface adsorption‐spectral correction technique and light adsorption ratio variation approach were jointly applied to characterization of the interaction of reactive brilliant red (RBR) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at pH 3.67. The interaction responded with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The saturated binding ratio of RBR to CPC is (1.2 ± 0.1): 1, and the bind constant of the RBR‐CPC complex was calculated to be (1.15 ± 0.05) × 105 1/mol. The interaction was applied to the determination of cationic surfactant in water by the light adsorption ratio variation approach with satisfactory results.
Selective Adsorption and Molecular Recognition by a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer: Kinetic Study and Analysis
Authors: Li Song‐Jun , Zheng Ming‐Xia , Zhang Jian‐Ming
Published: May 2015

This article presents an original work aiming at kinetically surveying the substrate‐selective mechanism from a molecularly imprinted polymer. With Bisphenol A (BPA) as the template, the imprinted polymer was prepared. The result indicates that the imprinted polymer presents a much more complicated sorption toward the template than toward its analogue. The rate constant in the case of the template appears to be a function of coverage degree. There are also significant deviations from the idealized Langmuir model. Related information indicates that these logically can be a result from the induced molecular memory within the binding framework, which makes the polymer capable of selectively adsorbing the imprint species.
Simultaneous Kinetic‐Potentiometric Determination of Hydrazine and Thiosemicarbazide by Partial Least Squares and Principle Component Regression Methods
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Ali , Abdollahi Hamid , Karami Hassan , Banifatemeh Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

Simultaneous determination of hydrazine (HZ) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC) by partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) was carried out based on kinetic data of novel potentiometry. The rate of chloride ion production in reaction of HZ and TSC with N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was monitored by a chloride ion‐selective electrode. The experimental dada shows not only the good ability of ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) as detectors for the direct determination of chloride ions but also for simultaneous kinetic‐potentiometric analysis using chemometrics methods. The methods are based on the difference observed in the production rate of chloride ions. The results show that simultaneous determination of HZ and TSC can be performed in their concentration ranges of 0.7‐20.0 and 0.5‐20.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The total relative standard error for applying PLS and PCR methods to 9 synthetic samples in the concentration ranges of 0.8‐10 μg mL−1 of TSC and 1.0‐12.0 μg mL−1 of HZ was 4.62 and 4.98, respectively. The effects of certain foreign ions upon the reaction rate were determined for the assessment of the selectivity of the method. Both methods (PLS and PCR) were validated using a set of synthetic sample mixtures and then applied for simultaneous determination of HZ and TSC in water samples.
Synthesis and NMR Study of α‐Keto Stabilized Ylides of the Type RCOCH=PAr3, (R=MeO‐C6H4, Cl‐C6H4, NO2‐C6H4, α‐Thiophenyl and Naphthyl; Ar = p‐Tolyl or Phenyl)
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Nemattalab Hassan , Jodaian Vida
Published: May 2015

Synthesis and characterization of five new phosphonium salts and related phosphorus ylides of the type R‐COCH=PAr3 are reported. The reaction of bromo 4′‐methoxo/chloro/nitro acetophenone, α‐thiophenyl and naphthoyl acetophenone with triphenylphosphine or triparatolylphosphine in acetone gives phosphonium salts. Dehydrogenation of these salts in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution form ylides. Characterization of obtained compounds was performed by IR, 1H, 13C, 31PNMR and elemental analysis.
Oxidation of 3‐Furfurylcarbinols with Bromine in Acetone‐Water
Authors: Harn Piin‐Jye , Lin Chu‐Chung , Wu Hsien‐Jen
Published: May 2015

Oxidation of 3‐furfurylcarbinols 3a‐e and 7 with bromine in acetone‐water solution gave the 2‐substituted‐3‐furfurals 4a‐e and 8 in good yields, respectively. Reaction of 2‐alkyl‐3‐furfurylcarbinols 9a and 9b with bromine in acetone‐water gave the bromoalkyl 3‐furfuryl ketones 10a and 10b as the major products. A reaction mechanism via the cis‐trans isomerization of the 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones 13 and 14 was proposed to account for the transposition of the alkyl group of the 3‐furfurylcarbinols 3, 7 and 9 to the 2‐position on the furan ring of the products 4, 8 and 10.
Syntheses and Structural Characterization of 1D Coordination Polymers of Transition‐Metal Atoms Containing 2,4‐Pyridinedicarboxylate Bridges
Authors: Chuang Shu‐Ting , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Shiu Kom‐Bei
Published: May 2015

By employing one bridging ligand, 2,4‐pyridinedicarboxylate (2,4‐pda2−), three one‐dimensional (1D) coordination polymers of [Cu(2,4‐pda)(H2O)2]∞ (1), {[Cu4(2,4‐pda)4(H2O)8]·3H2O}∞ (2), and {[Cd(2,4‐pda)(H2O)3]·H2O}∞ (3) were synthesized. A simple zigzag polymeric chain is observed for both 1 and 3, but a railroad‐like zigzag polymeric chain is observed for 2. Almost all water molecules, whether coordinated or not, are involved in hydrogen bonding interactions and help to tie up the 1D polymeric chains of 1‐3 into a three‐dimensional (3D) network. A comparison about the coordination geometries in all similar coordination polymers available to date is also included.
Synthesis of New Reagent 2,6‐Diacetylpyridine Bis‐4‐Phenyl‐3‐Thiosemicarbazone (2,6‐DAPBPTSC): Selective, Sensitive and Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Co(II) in Vegetable, Soil, Pharmaceutical and Alloy Samples
Authors: Reddy S. Adinarayana , Reddy K. Janardhan , Narayana S. Lakshmi , Sarala Y. , Reddy A. Varada
Published: May 2015

New synthesized reagent 2,6‐diacetylpyridine bis‐4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone (2,6‐DAPBPTSC) is proposed as a sensitive and selective analytical reagent for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II). Cobalt(II) forms a reddish brown colored complex with 2,6‐DAPBPTSC, which is extracted into isoamylalcohol, under optimum conditions. The maximum absorption of the isoamylalcohol extract is measured at 400 nm. Beer's law is applied in the range 0.6‐6.0 ppm of cobalt(II). The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex is calculated as 2.2 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 2.68 × 10−3 μg cm−2, respectively. An adequate linearity with a correlation coefficient value of 0.969 is obtained for the Co(II)‐2,6‐DAPBPTSC complex. The instability constant of the complex, calculated from Asmus' method is 3.75 × 10−4 The precision and accuracy of the method is checked with calculation of relative standard deviation (n = 5), 0.388 and the detection limit a value is 0.0028 μg mL−1. The method is successfully employed for the determination of cobalt(II) in real samples, such as vegetables, soil, water samples, standard alloy samples, and the performance of the present method was evaluated in terms of Student ‘t’ test and Variance ‘f’ test, which indicates the significance of the present method is an inter comparison of the experimental values, using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS).
Recent Progress Regarding Regio‐, Site‐, and Stereoselective Formation of Oxetanes in Paternò‐Büchi Reactions
Authors: Abe Manabu
Published: May 2015

Recently, the demand for synthetic oxetanes has increased because the highly strained structure allows specific biologic functions in vivo and also serves unique purposes in industrial materials. This review article summarizes recent progress in regio‐, site‐, and stereo‐selective formation of oxetanes via a photochemical process.
Indirect Determination of Sodium Cefotaxime with N‐Propyl Alcohol‐Ammonium Sulfate‐Water System by Extraction‐Flotation of Cuprous Thiocyanate
Authors: Wu Ling‐Li , Zhang Yan , Zhao Wei , Li Quan‐Min
Published: May 2015

A novel method for the indirect determination of sodium cefotaxime by the extraction‐flotation of cuprous thiocyanate is described in this paper. The experiment indicated that the degradation of sodium cefotaxime took place in the presence of 0.20 M sodium hydroxide in a boiling water bath for 40 min. At pH 4.0, the thiol group (‐SH) of the degradation product of sodium cefotaxime could reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) for the formation of the emulsion CuSCN precipitation in the presence of ammonium thiocyanate. By determining the residual amount of Cu(II) in the solution and calculating the flotation yield of CuSCN, the indirect determination of sodium cefotaxime can be achieved. When the concentration of Cu(II) was 5.0 μg mL−1, a good linear relationship was obtained between the flotation yield of CuSCN and the amount of sodium cefotaxime in the range of 0.50∼20 μg mL−1. The linear equation is E = 1.329 + 2.654C with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9988. The detection limit of sodium cefotaxime of this proposed method evaluated by calibration curve (3σ/k) was found to be 0.39 μg mL−1. Every parameter has been optimized and the reaction mechanism has been studied. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of sodium cefotaxime in pharmaceutical formulations, human serum, and urine samples, respectively. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are satisfactory.
On the AMS and EPR Studies of Chinese Cultural Objects
Authors: Yuan Hong‐Chien , Kutschera Walter , Wald Eva Maria , Steier Peter , Li Yong
Published: May 2015

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a versatile tool in carbon‐14 dating. In the studies of Chinese paintings and calligraphic works on paper substrates, it is necessary to assess the period of preparation. The precision of AMS measurements has been proven to be reliable for estimation, In conformity with historical background of the art works, AMS can be adapted to assess the age, authenticity, artistic information and conservation requirements. The AMS measurement of Chinese ink rubbing on paper, after OxCal data treatment, gave a result of 1105 ± 30BP. During the course of artistic preparations the paper received extensive impact force which induced the formation of entrapped free radicals. Thus, EPR spectrometry was used to investigate the sample, as well as for a print with an age of 345 ± 40BP by AMS dating and a piece of blank paper from 17th century to find out the differences in free radical phenomena.
Chiral Aryl Pyridyl Alcohols as Enantioselective Catalysts in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Substituted Benzaldehydes
Authors: Chang Tien‐Chu , Chen Chinpiao
Published: May 2015

Chiral (5‐aryl‐10, 10‐dimethyl‐6‐aza‐tricyclo[7.1.1.02,7]undeca‐2(7),3,5‐trien‐8‐yl)‐diphenyl‐methanols were prepared from highly enantiopure (1R)‐(+)‐α‐pinene (> 97% ee), and applied in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to substituted benzaldehydes, to yield alcohols with the (S)‐configuration with an enantiomeric excess that typically ranges from 19 to 86%. Importantly, the electron‐withdrawing substituents at the meta‐position of the substituted benzaldehydes exhibited high enantioselectivity during alkylation using diethylzinc.
A Novel One‐Step Synthesis of Symmetrical Dialkyl Trithiocarbonates in the Presence of Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Kiasat Ali Reza , Mehrjardi Mehdi Fallah
Published: May 2015

Symmetrical trithiocarbonates were directly obtained, in moderate to excellent isolated yields, by the reaction of various primary, secondary, allylic and benzylic halides or alkyl tosylates with a suspension of granulated KOH and alumina in CS2 under phase‐transfer catalysis. In this manner, cyclic trithiocarbonates such as 1,3‐dithiolane‐2‐thione can also be prepared without formation of any polymeric by‐products.
Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium(IV) Using Methylene Blue‐Ascorbic Acid Redox Reaction
Authors: Mousavi H. Zavvar , Pourreza N.
Published: May 2015

A highly selective and sensitive catalytic method for the determination of trace amounts of titanium(IV) was developed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of titanium(IV) on the methylene blue‐ascorbic acid redox reaction. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance of methylene blue at 665 nm, 5 minutes after the initiation of the reaction. In this study experimental parameters were optimized and the effect of the presence of various cations and some anions on the determination of titanium(IV) was examined. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 3‐25 ng mL−1 of titanium(IV). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 10 and 20 ng mL−1 of titanium(IV) were 2.64% and 1.51%, respectively (n = 8). The detection limit calculated from three times of standard deviation of blank 3Sb was 0.6 ng mL−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of titanium(IV) in tap water and ore samples.
Facile Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis of 5‐Vinyl‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles from Polymer‐Bound α‐Selenopropionic Acid
Authors: Hu Qiao‐Sheng , Sheng Shou‐Ri , Liu Xiao‐Ling , Hu Fang , Cai Ming‐Zhong
Published: May 2015

Cyclocondensation of polystyrene‐supported α‐selenopropionic acid with amidoximes in the presence of 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) followed by oxidative deselenation efficiently afforded 5‐vinyl 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles in good yield and purity with a facile work‐up procedure.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3H‐1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids as a Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Sadjadi Samaheh , Oskooie Hossein A. , Hekmatshoar Rahim , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: May 2015

3H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines were synthesized by the condensation of o‐phenylendiamine and various 1,3‐diketones in the presence of various heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts under mild conditions in very good yields and with high selectivity.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles Promoted by Heteropolyacids
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Sadjadi Samaheh , Oskooie Hossein A. , Shoar Rahim Hekmat , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: May 2015

Benzoxazole derivatives were obtained in high yields with excellent purity from the condensation of 2‐aminophenol with benzaldehydes and benzoic acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of heteropolyacids (HPAs).
Two New Diterpenoids and other Constituents from Isodon Nervosus
Authors: Yan Fu‐Lin , Guo Lan‐Qing , Bai Su‐Ping , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: May 2015

Two new ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, 15β‐hydroxy‐6,7‐seco‐6,11β:6,20‐diepoxy‐1α,7‐olide‐ent‐kaur‐16‐ene (1), 11α,15α‐dihydroxy‐6β‐methoxy‐6,7‐seco‐6,20‐epoxy‐1α,7‐olide‐ent‐kaur‐16‐ene (2), together with four known diterpenoids, nodosin (3), isodocarpin (4), odonicin (5) and maoyecrystal F (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon nervosus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral evidence, especially on 2D NMR.
Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Rosuvastatin, Spironolactone, Glibenclamide and Naproxen Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Plasma by RP‐HPLC
Authors: Sultana N. , Arayne M. S. , Iftikhar B.
Published: May 2015

A rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and quantification of atenolol, rosuvastatin, spirnolactone, glibenclamide and naproxen sodium in bulk drugs, pharmaceutical formulations and in human plasma in the presence of internal standard (flurbiprofen). Chromatograms were developed with methanol and water (80:20, v/v) solvent system on a Purospher start, C18 (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm) column and pH was adjusted to 3.40 with ortho‐phosphoric acid. Mobile phase was pumped with a flow rate of 0.90 mL/minute with 235 nm UV detection. Standard curves were linear over the concentration range 0.25‐30 μg/mL−1. The coefficients of variation (C.V.%), were < 3% and LOD and LOQ were <0.0154 & 0.06 for inter‐ and intra‐day, respectively. The method was applied to drug interaction studies of atenolol with rosuvastatin, spironolactone, glibenclamide and naproxen to illustrate the scope and application of the methods to manage four different therapeutic classes of drugs, as they are co‐administered.
Triiodide PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Charge‐Transfer Complex of Iodine with Ditertbutyl‐Dicyclohexyl‐18‐Crown‐6
Authors: Khayatian Golamreza , Karoonian Fatemeh Salehi
Published: May 2015

A new triiodide ion‐selective electrode based on a charge‐transfer complex of iodine with ditertbutyl‐dicyclohexyl‐18‐crown‐6 (t‐Bu)2DC18C6 as membrane carrier was prepared. The electrode has a linear dynamic range from 6.3 × 10−3‐5 × 10−6 with a Nernstian response of 58.6 ± 1 mV decade−1 and a detection limit of 1.3 × 10−6 M. The response time of the sensor was 25 s. The membrane could be used for two months without any divergence in potentials. The electrode exhibits an anti‐Hofmeistetr selectivity sequence with a preference for triiodide at pH 2.0‐10.0. The response mechanism of the electrode was investigated by Uv‐Vis spectroscopic technique. The electrode can be used for the determination of ascorbic acid in orange juice.
Dowex as Reusable Acidic Polymeric Catalyst in the Efficient and Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides into β‐Hydroxy Thiocyanates under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Kiasat Ali Reza , Fallah‐Mehrjardi Mehdi
Published: May 2015

A convenient and efficient procedure for the regioselective ring opening of epoxides in the presence of Dowex (strongly acidic cationic exchange resin), as reusable eco‐friendly catalyst under solvent free conditions is described. Thus, several β‐hydroxy thiocyanates, useful intermediates toward pharmaceutical and biologically active molecules, are easily obtained in high isolated yields.
Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM‐41 as a Novel and Efficient Catalyst to Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Baghernejad Bita , Oskooie Hossein A. , Malakooti R.
Published: May 2015

o‐Phenylenediamine derivatives readily react with benzoyl chloride derivatives in the presence of MCM‐41 as catalyst to yield 2‐substituted benzimidazoles in very good yields.
Purification and Characterization of Lectins from Jute (Chorchorus olitorius) Leaves
Authors: Khan M. M. H. , Rahman A. T. M. Mijanur , Uddin Md. Salim , Khatun Shahanaz , Pervin F. , Absar N.
Published: May 2015

Three lectins were isolated from an extract of jute leaves (Chorchorus olitorius) and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐50 of the 100% ammonium sulfate saturated crude extract, followed by ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose were designated as JLL‐1, JLL‐2 and JLL‐3. All the lectins were homogeneous as judged by SDS‐polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and gave single bands. The molecular weights of the three lectins were estimated by the same method were 35000, 38000 and 42000, respectively. The lectins specifically agglutinated rat red blood cells. The agglutination of JLL‐1 was inhibited by D‐mannose/D‐glucose and their derivatives, whereas D‐galactose was found to be the potent inhibitor for the agglutination of JLL‐2 and JLL‐3. The lectins were glycoprotein in nature with a neutral sugar content of 1.3%, 1.2% and 0.8% for JLL‐1, JLL‐2 and JLL‐3, respectively. The hemagglutinating activity of JLL‐2 was also investigated after the treatment of physico‐chemical agents. The lectin showed maximum activity between the range of pH 7.2–8.0 and the range of temperature of 20‐30 °C. The activity of lectin decreased after treatment with a higher concentration of acetic acid and urea. In the presence EDTA the activity was inhibited while the presence of Ca+2, Mn+2 and K+ increased the activity of the lectin moderately.
Aluminium Nitrate/Silica Sulfuric Acid/Bromide Ion: As an Effective and Catalytic Oxidizing Media for the Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Goudarziafshar Hamid , Hajjami Maryam , Soltani Jinoos
Published: May 2015

Various types of sulfides are chemoselectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides by treatment of Al(NO3)3.9H2O, silica sulfuric acid and a catalytic amount of NaBr in the presence of wet SiO2 (50% w/w) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The catalytic oxidation procedure is very simple and the products are easily isolated in good yields.
Multifunctional Catalysis of Heteropoly Acid: One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinolines from Nitroarene and Various Aldehydes in the Presence of Hydrazine
Authors: Hekmatshoar Rahim , Sajadi Sodeh , Sadjadi Samaheh , Heravi Majid M. , Beheshtiha Yahya S. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: May 2015

12‐Molybdophosphoric acid catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of nitroarene by hydrazine in a homogeneous phase. This catalytic system was applicable to one‐pot quinolines synthesis in the presence of various aldehydes in water. This method provides a new and efficient protocol in terms of mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profiles, small quantity of catalyst, and simple work‐up procedure.
A New Steroid Glycoside Derivative from Acorus Calamus L.
Authors: Dong Wei‐Wei , Jiao Wei , Deng Mei‐Cai , Yang Chun‐Bin , Yue Jian‐Min , Lu Run‐Hua
Published: May 2015

A new steroid glycoside derivative, 4′‐O‐docosanoyl‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucosyl‐sitosterol, along with six known steroids has been isolated from the ethanol extract of the rhizoma of Acorus calamus L. The structures of the new and known compounds were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Monoazo Naphthalimide Disperse Dyes Containing Carboxylic Acid Group with High Heat Fastness Properties
Authors: Kiakhani Moosa Sadeghi , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Arami Mokhtar , Mokhtari Javad , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad
Published: May 2015

A group of novel monoazo disperse dyes containing carboxylic acid‐1,8‐naphthalimide group has been synthesized. All intermediates and dyes were purified by recrystalization and the column chromatography method. The purified products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, DSC, UV‐VIS and Elemental Analysis. Spectrophotometric investigations of the synthesized dyes in different solvents were carried out in order to obtain their absorption maxima, molar extinction coefficients and solvatochromic effects. The absorption maxima of the synthesized dyes in acetone varied (513‐549 nm) and the molar extinction coefficient was (17405‐38939 l/mol cm). By changing the media from chloroform to DMF, the solvatochromism effect for all dyes increased. Dispersion of the synthesized dyes was prepared in water containing dispersing agent and applied to polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics showed that all of the synthesized dyes were suitable for coloring polyester fibers, producing deep red to bluish red with very good fastness properties.
The Regiospecific Synthesis of Some New 3,5‐Disubstituted Isoxazoles
Authors: Edjlali Ladan
Published: May 2015

The compounds with isoxazole moiety have many pharmacological, biological and industrial applications, specifically their antiviral activity. In this research work, seven new compounds of 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles were synthesized. Propargyl alcohol (1) reacted with benzoyl chloride to give propargylphenylcarboxylate (2). Then, the aldehydes (3a‐3g) were converted to the related oximes (4a‐4g) and nitrileoxides in situ by NaOCl, consequently. Reaction of compound 2 with nitrileoxides in a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction gave regiospecifically isoxazoles (5a‐5g). 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, and elemental analyses confirmed the structure of the synthesized compounds.
Metal Hydrogen Sulfates M(HSO4)n: As Efficient Catalysts for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines in EtOH at Room Temperature
Authors: Niknam Khodabakhsh , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Tavakoli Ziba , Heydari Zahra
Published: May 2015

A convenient method for the synthesis of quinoxalines catalysed by metal hydrogen sulfates by the reaction of 1,2‐diamino compounds and 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds in ethanol as solvent at room temperature is reported.
A New Singular Matrix Method for Balancing Chemical Equations and Their Stability
Authors: Risteski Ice B.
Published: May 2015

In this work is given a new singular matrix method for balancing new classes of chemical equations which reduce to an n × n matrix. The method offered here is founded by virtue of the solution of a homogeneous matrix equation by using of Drazin pseudoinverse matrix. The method has been tested on many typical chemical equations and found to be very successful for the all equations in our extensive balancing research. This method works successfully without any limitations. Chemical equations treated here possess atoms with fractional oxidation numbers. Also, in the present work are analyzed some necessary and sufficient criteria for stability of chemical equations over stability of their reaction matrices.
Synthesis of Gold Nanosheets through Thermolysis of Mixtures of Long Chain 1‐Alkylimidazole and Hydrogen Tetrachloroaurate(III)
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Jen , Lin Ivan J. B.
Published: May 2015

Micron‐sized gold nanosheets were produced through thermolysis of a mixture composed of 1‐octa‐decanylimidazole (C18‐im) and HAuCl4 in a molar ratio of 4:1 at 200 °C for 1 h. Effects of the molar ratio of [18‐im]/[HAuCl4], the reaction temperature, and the N‐alkylimidazole chain length were studied. Adjusting the molar ratio of [C18‐im]/[HAuCl4] can tune the morphology and size of the nanostructures; the effect of reaction temperature is minimum; while using long chain imidazole tends to favor the formation of nanosheets, using 1‐methylimidazole (C1‐im) produces micron‐sized polyhedra. The growth mechanism of these nanostructures was proposed. C18‐im functions both as a templating and capping agent and favors the growth of nanosheets. On the other hand, C1‐im functions only as a capping agent and thus favors the formation of polyhedra, especially octahedra.
Study on the Role of Metal Oxides in Desulphurization of Some Petroleum Fractions
Authors: Shakirullah M. , Ahmad Imtiaz , Ishaq M. , Ahmad Waqas
Published: May 2015

Metal oxides are highly reactive towards the compounds of sulphur, particularly thioles. A comparative study was made of the desulphurization potential of various metal oxides such as MnO2, PbO2, ArO3, Al2O3, MgO2, ZnO2 and silica on reaction with Jhal Magsi crude oil and its distillate fractions, i.e., kerosene and diesel oil. The effect of time was also studied and the desulphurization was performed for time durations of one hour, three hours and six hours. The analysis of the residual fractions indicated that significant sulphur depletion occurred with lead oxide and manganese dioxide in the one‐hour and three‐hour reaction times in all three samples. Lead oxide (PbO2) brought about a maximum desulphurization of 60.28% in the case of crude oil, 54.54% in the case of diesel oil and 52.57% in the case of kerosene oil in a 01 h reaction time. Similarly, manganese oxide (MnO2) caused a maximum desulphurization of 58.55% in the case of crude oil, 49.38% in the case of diesel oil and 53.30% in case of kerosene oil in a 3 h reaction time. The rest of the metal oxides also exhibited good sulphur removal activity, but their performance is not as noteworthy as in the cases of PbO2 and MnO2.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 6‐Ferrocenyl‐3‐Substituted 7H‐1,2,4‐Triazolo[3, 4‐b]‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazines
Authors: Han Yin , Wang Qin , Du Yu‐Ping , Lv Ming‐Hua , Hui Xin‐Ping
Published: May 2015

Five new 6‐ferrocenyl‐3‐substituted 7H‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3, 4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazines (3a‐e) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data. The antiproliferative activities were examined in two human cell lines (BJ and HT 1080) with the acid phosphatase assay. The results showed that all compounds could reduce cell viability. The significant difference between the two cell lines was that fibrosarcoma HT 1080 cells could indeed be more susceptible to the compounds than the normal fibroblast BJ cells.
Supported Preyssler Nanoparticles in Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐5‐Spirohexahydropyrimidines
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Sadjadi Samaheh , Sadjadi Sodeh , Oskooie Hossein A. , Shoar Rahim Hekmat , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: May 2015

Silica‐supported Preyssler nanoparticles (H14[NaP5W30O110])/SiO2 are used as a new and recyclable catalyst for the preparation of 1,3‐diaryl‐5‐spirohexahydropyrimidines via a one‐pot condensation of anilines, formaldehyde, and cyclohexanone.
1,3–Dichloro‐5,5–Dimethylhydantoin (DCH) and Trichloromelamine (TCM) as Efficient Catalysts for the Chemoselective Trimethylsilylation of Hydroxyl Group with 1,1,1,3,3,3–Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Amani Kamal , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Hajjami Maryam , Ayazi‐Nasrabadi Roia
Published: May 2015

A highly convenient method for the trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols via treatment by hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of 1,3–dichloro‐5,5–dimethylhydantoin (DCH) and/or trichloromelamine (TCM) as a catalyst has been developed. A wide variety of hydroxyl groups were selectively protected in CH2Cl2/CH3CN under mild conditions.
Electrochemical Studies on the Interaction of Heparin with Phenosafranine and Its Analytical Application
Authors: Hui Ni , Sun Wei , Ding Ya‐Qin , Zhao Na , Jiao Kui
Published: May 2015

The interaction of phenosafranine (PSF) with a glycosaminoglycan of heparin (Hep) in aqueous solution was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in this paper and further used for Hep detection. In pH 1.5 Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer solution PSF had a well‐defined voltammetric reductive peak at −0.256 V (vs SCE), and the electrochemical response was faded by the addition of Hep. Cyclic voltammetric experiments indicated that the electrochemical behaviors of free PSF didn't change no matter whether Hep was presented in PSF solution or not. Based on the decrease of the peak current, a second order derivative linear sweep voltammetry was used to establish a sensitive electroanalytical method for Hep. The peak current was proportional to the concentration of Hep in the range of 0.7∼20.0 mg L−1, demonstrating that this method was suitable for routine Hep detection. Under optimal conditions, the linear regression equation for the Hep determination was ΔIp”(nA) = 46.30 C (mg L−1) + 343.31 (n = 11, γ = 0.991) with a detection limit of 0.08 mg L−1(3σ). The established method was further successfully applied to heparin sodium injection samples determination. The interaction mechanism was discussed based on the electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged Hep with the positively charged PSF, and the stoichiometry of Hep‐PSF was calculated by the voltammetric method.
Determination of Cr(VI) with Selective Sensing of Cr(VI) Anions by a PVC‐Membrane Electrode Based on Quinaldine Red
Authors: Yari Abdollah , Bagheri Habibollah
Published: May 2015

A dichromate‐selective PVC‐membrane electrode based on Quinaldine Red (an acridinium derivative) is described. The electrode exhibits rapid (< 30 s) and linear response to the activity of Cr(VI) anions in the range of 5.2 × 10−6 −1.0 × 10−1 M dichromate with the limit of detection 2.5 × 10−6 Mof Cr2O72−. The sensor is used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric determination of Cr(VI) anions and is also suitable for end‐point indication in the titrations of proper metal ions with dichromate under laboratory conditions. The proposed electrode has been applied to the direct potentiometric determination of Cr(VI) anions in water samples with satisfactory results.
The Chemical Constituents of Polypodium Niponicum
Authors: Shen Tong , He Yi‐Lin , Wen Cheng‐Wu , Zheng Shang‐Zhen
Published: May 2015

Three new steroids named as shuilongguine I (1), shuilongguine II (2) and shuilongguine III (3), together with eleven known compounds were isolated from Polypodium niponicum (Chinese name “Shuilonggu”, Berberidaceae). Their structures were deduced by spectroscopic methods and 2D NMR experiments.
Simultaneous Determination of Total Nitrogen and Metal Elements in Tobaccos by High Performance Ion Chromatography
Authors: Cai Ji‐Bao , Wang Su‐Fang , Tang Ping‐Ping , Su Qing‐De
Published: May 2015

A simple method, developed primarily for simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and inorganic cations by high performance ion chromatographic (HPIC), was optimized for digestion of flue‐cured tobaccos, and compared with the traditional Kjeldahl method and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Nitrogen determination by either Dumas method or Kjeldahl method is time‐consuming and tedious. Metal elements determination by either inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) or AAS may be more expensive and requires specialist equipment. The use of HPIC to simultaneous determine total nitrogen as ammonium ion and metal elements as inorganic cations after sample digestion significantly improves the speed of the analysis compared with the conventional methods. The cation‐exchange column and suppressed conductivity detector was used for determination of ammonium and inorganic cations in the presence of the elevated levels of sulfuric acid found in digested sample. The propsoed digestion method was accurate and precise, and required little investment. The determination of ammonium and inorganic cations was linear from 15 pg·L−1 up to 25 ng·L−1. The results obtained by the HPIC method were compared with those for the conventional methods approach for the determination of total nitrogen and metal elements. The application of the HPIC method is also demonstrated for a variety of other plant samples matrices.
Synthesis of Polynucleotide Modified Gold Nanoparticles as a High Potent Anti‐Cancer Drug Carrier
Authors: Wu Ching‐Ming , Wu Ping‐Ching , Wang Yun‐Han , Li Tsung‐Ju , Yang Li‐Xing , Wu Ya‐Na , Yang Hsi‐Yuan , Shieh Dar‐Bin
Published: May 2015

Gold nanoparticles have been developed for the photoacoustic imaging, delivery of genes and laser induced photothermal therapy. In this study, we have developed oligonucleotide conjugated gold nanoparticles as the carrier for simultaneous DNA and anti‐cancer nucleoside delivery. The polynucleotidenanoparticle complex presented higher capacity in carrying 5‐FU anti‐cancer compounds than the original gold particles. The hydrodynamic size of the gold nanoparticles increased from 25 to 35 nm with an increase in the negative surface charge from −9.58 to 21.66 mV after polynucleotide conjugation and drug loading. A positive association between environmental pH and drug release was observed in PBS, which implied their potential use in the controlled localized drug release in the lower GI tract. The MTT assay revealed dose dependent cytotoxicity to colon cancer cell line than free compounds. These results suggest the potential use of this new polynucleotide‐gold nanoparticles complex as the environmental controlled anti‐cancer nanocapsule, especially suitable for per oral colon cancer chemotherapy.