bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive structural damage in sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy
Authors: Wan Xinyue , Wang Weina , Wu Xintong , Tan Qiaoyue , Su Xiaorui , Zhang Simin , Yang Xibiao , Li Shuang , Shao Hanbing , Yue Qiang , Gong Qiyong
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to explore the alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) based on high‐resolution structural data and the temporal precedence of structural alterations in patients with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). After preprocessing of T1 structural images, the voxel‐based morphometry and source‐based morphometry (SBM) methods were applied in 60 SHE patients and 56 healthy controls to analyze the gray matter volumetric alterations. Furthermore, a causal network of structural covariance (CaSCN) was constructed using Granger causality analysis based on structural data of illness duration ordering to assess the causal impact of structural changes in abnormal gray matter regions. The GMVs of SHE patients were widely reduced, mainly in the bilateral cerebellums, fusiform gyri, the right angular gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus. In addition to those regions, the results of the SBM analysis also found decreased GMV in the bilateral frontal lobes, precuneus, and supramarginal gyri. The analysis of CaSCN showed that along with disease progression, the cerebellum was the prominent node that tended to affect other brain regions in SHE patients, while the frontal lobe was the transition node and the supramarginal gyrus was the prominent node that may be easily affected by other brain regions. Our study found widely affected regions of decreased GMVs in SHE patients; these regions underlie the morphological basis of epileptic networks, and there is a temporal precedence relationship between them.
Validity of MENARI plus (self‐pulse assessment and clinical scoring) mobile apps for detecting atrial fibrillation in high‐risk population
Authors: Fadlan Muhamad R. , Rizal Ardian , Satrijo Budi , Astiawati Tri , Rohman Mohammad S. , Baskoro Shalahuddin S.
Published: May 2023

Background

Even before it is clinically diagnosed, atrial fibrillation (AF) can cause a stroke. This study validates self‐pulse assessment and clinical scoring (MENARI Plus) based on android apps.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the validity of AF screening using MENARI Plus compared with an ECG recording.

Methods

We collected a total of 1385 subjects from high‐risk population according to CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, attending 8 primary care centers (PCCs) in Malang between July 2021 and December 2021. Every participant underwent self‐pulse assessment, and then was evaluated for MENARI Plus Score on android Apps. These cases had been classified as low or high probability for AF (cut‐off score 7). After that, electrocardiography examinations were performed and classified with AF and Sinus Rhythm group.

Results

In this study, the mean age of these patients was 61.5 ± 6.9 years old. We found that 156/1385 (11%) patients had AF. There were 68/156 (43.5%) new cases of AF. The sensitivity for self‐pulse palpation was 73.1% (95% CI: 68%–76%) and specificity was 68.3% (95% CI: 65%–72%). MENARI Plus had an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.89) with sensitivity per measurement occasion was (84%, 95% CI: 82%–88%) and specificity was (87.9%, 95% CI: 82%–90%).

Conclusion

In this study, we found that MENARI Plus has high sensitivity and specificity for AF. It is therefore useful for ruling out AF. It may also be a useful screen that can be applied opportunistically for previously undetected AFs.
Dominant modes of precipitation over Africa, and their associated atmospheric circulations from observations
Authors: Lim Kam Sian Kenny T. C. , Dosio Alessandro , Ayugi Brian O. , Hagan Daniel F. T. , Kebacho Laban L. , Ongoma Victor
Published: May 2023

This study uses the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to identify and describe continental‐scale seasonal (MAM, JJA, SON and DJF) precipitation modes over Africa based on observation (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre; GPCC) and reanalysis (ERA5) data from 1982 to 2014. Using composite analysis, we attempt to identify the atmospheric circulations (wind and relative humidity) associated with each precipitation mode. Precipitation from ERA5 has a good agreement with that of GPCC, as observed in the good spatial congruence in the EOF analysis and precipitation composites. The EOF results for each season show that the loading patterns of Mode 1 (variance >20% for all seasons) match the long‐term mean precipitation distribution. Atmospheric conditions across the continent are primarily driven by the four main high‐pressure systems (Azores, St. Helena, Arabian and Mascarene High) that influence moisture distribution and subsequently modulate the seasonal rain belt distribution. Modes 2 (variance >11% for all seasons) and 3 (variance >10% for all seasons) are deviations of the leading mode associated with smaller‐scale atmospheric systems. However, large‐scale factors still dominate the overall precipitation pattern by modulating the seasonal energy transfer between the hemispheres. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the continental‐wide African seasonal precipitation modes and the associated atmospheric circulation from observations. The findings can be used as a reference for future work using model data for historical and projection studies.
Estimation of forest above‐ground biomass in Guangxi, China, by integrating forest age and stack learning
Authors: Ju Ting , Liu Bo , Yue Yuemin , Du Hu , Li Qian , Wang Xu , Wang Kelin
Published: May 2023

With the implementation of large‐scale ecological restoration projects, Southwest China has become one of the fastest forest growth areas in the world in terms of vegetation cover and above‐ground biomass (AGB). It is expected to be a potential area for achieving the carbon neutrality target in China. Accurate estimation of forest AGB is becoming an increasingly urgent necessity for carbon neutrality and forest management. However, due to the complex geological background, there is significant uncertainty in estimating forest AGB in the southwestern region, which generally results in underestimating carbon sinks from forest restoration. To address the issue, we propose a method by incorporating forest age information and stack learning technique to estimate forest AGB. Based on remote sensing, forest inventory and in situ forest biomass data, three fundamental methods (Multiple regression, Random forest and Support vector machine) are employed and compared to build the AGB estimation model with vegetation indices, texture feature factors and forest age. Optimal basic models are further enhanced by integration learning to improve the estimation performance and then applied to the study area Guangxi to obtain regional AGB information of different forest types. The results show that: (1) forest age plays a vital role in reducing the uncertainty of AGB estimation. By incorporating forest age information, R2 of AGB estimation is improved by 0.07–0.27 and RMSE is decreased by 16.35%–47.47% for different forest types; (2) with R2 value >0.78, random forest model outperforms support vector machine and multiple linear regression models. Compared with the single optimal model, integration model by stack learning further enhances R2 of estimation by 0.02–0.03 and decreases RMSE by 5.20%–14.89%. (3) The total forest AGB in Guangxi is 988.17 Tg and the average forest AGB level is 73.30 t/ha. Natural broadleaf forest has the highest AGB level (86.75 t/ha), followed by natural coniferous forest (81.19 t/ha), planted coniferous forest (63.23 t/ha) and planted eucalyptus forest (49.71 t/ha). AGB level in karst areas is lower than that in non‐karst areas due to soil and water constraints. The majority of plantation forests in Guangxi is in the early and middle stages of forest succession, with the rapid growth of forest AGB, and has hence significant potential as carbon sinks. This study indicates that stack learning and incorporation of forest age could significantly decrease the uncertainty of forest AGB estimation. Our study helps to provide more accurate AGB information for karst ecological project management and regional carbon neutrality assessment.
Photoresponsive Diarylethene‐Containing Polymers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Authors: Jiang Jiawei , Chen Qing , Xu Muhuan , Chen Jian , Wu Si
Published: May 2023

Photoresponsive polymers have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential applications in anticounterfeiting, information encryption, adhesives, etc. Among them, diarylethene (DAE)‐containing polymers are one of the most promising photoresponsive polymers and have unique thermal stability and fatigue resistance compared to azobenzene‐ and spiropyran‐containing polymers. Herein, the design of DAE‐containing polymers based on different types of structures, including main chain polymers, side‐chain polymers, and crosslinked polymers, is introduced. The mechanism and applications of DAE‐containing polymers in anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, light‐controllable adhesives, and photoinduced healable materials are reviewed. In addition, the remaining challenges of DAE‐containing polymers are also discussed.
Respondent characteristics associated with adherence in a general population ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Murray Aja , Yang Yi , Zhu Xinxin , Speyer Lydia , Brown Ruth , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has seen an explosion in popularity in recent years; however, an improved understanding of how to minimise (selective) non‐adherence is needed.

Methods

We examined a range of respondent characteristics predictors of adherence (defined as the number of EMA surveys completed) in the D2M EMA study. Participants were a sample of n = 255 individuals drawn from the longitudinal z‐proso cohort who completed up to 4 EMA surveys per day for a period of 2 weeks.

Results

In unadjusted analyses, lower moral shame, lower self‐control, lower levels of self‐injury, and higher levels of aggression, tobacco use, psychopathy, and delinquency were associated with lower adherence. In fully adjusted analyses with predictors selected using lasso, only alcohol use was related to adherence: beer and alcopops to higher adherence and spirits to lower adherence.

Conclusions

These findings provide potential insights into some of the psychological mechanisms that may underlie adherence in EMA. They also point to respondent characteristics for which additional or tailored efforts may be needed to promote adherence.
Assessing within‐subject rates of change of placental MRI diffusion metrics in normal pregnancy
Authors: Cromb Daniel , Slator Paddy J. , De La Fuente Miguel , Price Anthony N. , Rutherford Mary , Egloff Alexia , Counsell Serena J. , Hutter Jana
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Studying placental development informs when development is abnormal. Most placental MRI studies are cross‐sectional and do not study the extent of individual variability throughout pregnancy. We aimed to explore how diffusion MRI measures of placental function and microstructure vary in individual healthy pregnancies throughout gestation.

Methods

Seventy‐nine pregnant, low‐risk participants (17 scanned twice and 62 scanned once) were included. T2‐weighted anatomical imaging and a combined multi‐echo spin‐echo diffusion‐weighted sequence were acquired at 3 T. Combined diffusion–relaxometry models were performed using both a ‐ADC and a bicompartmental ‐intravoxel‐incoherent‐motion () model fit.

Results

There was a significant decline in placental and ADC (both P < 0.01) over gestation. These declines are consistent in individuals for (covariance = −0.47), but not ADC (covariance = −1.04). The model identified a consistent decline in individuals over gestation in from both the perfusing and diffusing placental compartments, but not in ADC values from either. The placental perfusing compartment fraction increased over gestation (P = 0.0017), but this increase was not consistent in individuals (covariance = 2.57).

Conclusion

Whole placental and ADC values decrease over gestation, although only values showed consistent trends within subjects. There was minimal individual variation in rates of change of values from perfusing and diffusing placental compartments, whereas trends in ADC values from these compartments were less consistent. These findings probably relate to the increased complexity of the bicompartmental model, and differences in how different placental regions evolve at a microstructural level. These placental MRI metrics from low‐risk pregnancies provide a useful benchmark for clinical cohorts.
Quantification of spatially localized MRS by a novel deep learning approach without spectral fitting
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shen Jun
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To propose a novel end‐to‐end deep learning model to quantify absolute metabolite concentrations from in vivo J‐point resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) without using spectral fitting.

Methods

A novel encoder‐decoder‐style neural network was created, which was trained to predict metabolite concentrations and individual component signals concurrently from 3T JPRESS data in the time domain. The training data set contained 100 000 samples created by spin‐density simulations using experimentally used RF pulses. Concentrations, phase, frequencies, linewidths, and T2 relaxation times in the training data set were varied over a large range with uniform distributions. Random synthesized noise and extraneous signals were added to the data set. Two thousand validation samples were created similarly to the training data set but with mean concentrations close to in vivo values. An in vivo test was conducted with 20 samples acquired from the human brain.

Results

Both validation and in vivo test results showed that the proposed model successfully predicted metabolite concentrations as well as individual metabolite signals without involving spectral fitting, while extraneous peaks or unregistered signals were filtered out. Compared with the short‐TE spectral fitting by LCModel, the proposed method had the advantage that the undesired correlations between the estimated concentrations and noise levels and between metabolites were eliminated or substantially reduced.

Conclusion

The proposed method provides a working deep learning model that directly maps in vivo JPRESS data to metabolite concentrations. Because spectral fitting is not used, the trained model does not depend on the assumptions associated with parameter tuning when applied to in vivo data.
Fabrication and characterization of hexagonal boron nitride/polyester composites to study the effect of filler loading and surface modification for microelectronic applications
Authors: Kushwaha Akash Deep , Patel Brijesh , Khan Irshad Ahmad , Agrawal Alok
Published: May 2023

This work investigates a composite prepared with polyester and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in terms of the properties required in the material for microelectronics applications. The influence of filler loading and the surface treatment of hBN with a silane coupling agent (γ‐aminopropyl triethoxy silane) is studied. It has been observed that the silane‐modified hBN improves the compatibility and adhesion with the matrix as verified by SEM images. The experimental investigation reveals that the addition of hBN in polyester unwillingly rises the density, voids content, and water absorption rate. Though, the increment is limited with surface‐modified hBN. The material's mechanical properties improve with filler loading over a particular range of filler loading. The material's thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature increase with hBN content, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion reduces. Polyester when filled with 40 wt% of the silane‐hBN, the thermal conductivity improves around six times that of unfilled polyester. The dielectric properties are marginally augmented with filler loading whereas, the increase in frequency results in the reduction of dielectric properties. It can be observed from the overall experimental analysis that the developed material can be used in different microelectronic applications.

Highlights

A new class of composite is developed with polyester and raw/modified hBN.

Composite with modified hBN shows improved physical/mechanical properties.

Thermal properties of polyester improved appreciably with treated hBN.

The dielectric properties of composites remain well within the range.

The fabricated composites are recommended for microelectronics applications.
Manufacture and rheological behavior of all recycled PET/PP microfibrillar blends
Authors: Kharghanian Mojtaba , Perchicot Romain , Irusta Silvia , Argon Cristina Yus , Leonardi Frederic , Dagreou Sylvie
Published: May 2023

For several years, new plastic bottles made from opaque polyethylene terephtalate (PET) have been on the market. When their waste is mixed to those of recycled clear PET, the obtained material cannot be recycled anymore due to a loss of properties. Moreover, because of an important grade variety, the large number of additives used and poor homogeneity, the processing and recycling of opaque PET appears as a challenge. The way chosen to revalue this recycled opaque PET (r‐OPET) is its microfibrillation in a recycled polypropylene (rPP) matrix. The effects of the concentration of r‐OPET were studied by rheology, supported by scanning electron microscope images and related to the morphology of the mixture. It was demonstrated that (20/80)w r‐OPET/rPP blend was the best ratio to favor microfibrillation, as it offers the appropriate amount of solid filler to obtain a sea‐island morphology.

Thereafter, the influence of the temperature of microfibrillation is presented. The thermomechanical curve of the (20/80)w r‐OPET/rPP blend suggests that microfibrillation should be more effective around the Tg of r‐OPET. The optimum temperature was found, where an improvement of rheological and mechanical properties is observed. A Cross model with yield stress is proposed to describe the rheological behavior of this material.
The Clinical Interview for Borderline Personality Disorder for Adolescents (CI‐BOR‐A): Development, acceptability and expert panel evaluation
Authors: Carreiras Diogo , Cunha Marina , Sharp Carla , Castilho Paula
Published: May 2023

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder with marked impulsivity, instability, emotional dysregulation and self‐harm. These features tend to develop over time and can be identified in adolescence. Early diagnosis is the first step to prevent the development of these features to a personality disorder. The purpose of this study was to develop the Clinical Interview for BPD for Adolescents (CI‐BOR‐A), a new instrument based on a sound clinical interview for BPD in youth (CI‐BPD). We tested its acceptability with 43 adolescents and its content validity with the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of 23 experts in mental health. The CI‐BOR‐A is a hybrid semi‐structured interview that considers both categorical and dimensional approaches of personality disorders of DSM‐5‐TR, including 16 items, decision tables for diagnosis, and an appendix to explore self‐harm history further. Adolescents accepted the interview, and none refused to complete the assessment. The expert panel considered the interview relevant, clear, accurate and complete. Important feedback was provided in terms of structure and content to improve the CI‐BOR‐A quality. In general, the CI‐BOR‐A is a rigorous interview to assess BPD in adolescents and adds an important contribution to early detection in clinical and community settings.
The public good and public attitudes toward data sharing through IoT
Authors: Mossberger Karen , Cho Seongkyung , Cheong Pauline Hope , Kuznetsova Daria
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has potential to deliver important benefits for IoT users, society and public good. How do citizens feel about sharing data from personal devices compared with “smart city” data collection in public spaces, with government and nongovernmental organizations, and across different situations? What predicts willingness to share their data with government? Through a nationally representative survey of over 2000 US respondents as well as interviews, we explore the willingness of citizens to share their data in various circumstances, using the contextual integrity framework, the literature on the “publicness” of organizations, and public value creation. Across different contexts, from half to 2/3 of survey respondents were willing to share data from their own IoT devices for public benefits, and 80%−93% supported the use of sensors in public places for a variety of collective purposes. Trust in government was significantly related to data sharing and support for smart city data collection. Yet government in the United States is less trusted with this data than other organizations with public purposes, such as nonprofits. Cultivating trust through transparent and responsible data stewardship will be important for future use of IoT data for public good.
Synthesis and application properties ofpolyaniline‐amino‐carbonnanotube antistatic agents
Authors: Cui Yihua , Gao Jinhua , Lin Shiping , Chen Weitian , Guo Jianwei
Published: May 2023

Emulsion polymerization was used to create composites of polyaniline‐amino‐carbon nanotubes (PANI‐A‐CNT). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to examine the chemical bonding properties of PANI and carbon nanotubes in composite materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm that the PANI layer on the core‐shell structure of PANI‐A‐CNT material was nanoscale in size. In order to assess the impact of various carbon nanotube contents on the electrostatic and mechanical properties of the composites, pristine carbon nanotube/ABS (p‐CNT/ABS) and PANI‐A‐CNT/ABS composites were prepared. The mass fractions of PANI and CNT in PANI‐A‐CNT were 93.7 and 6.3 wt%, respectively, according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); hence, 4 wt% of PANI‐A‐CNT included 0.3 wt% CNT and 3.7 wt% PANI. The surface resistance test revealed that the PANI‐A‐CNT/ABS composite with 4 wt% PANI‐A‐CNT has a surface resistance of 108 Ω, which is one time less than the surface resistance of the p‐CNT/ABS composite with 4 wt% p‐CNT. Moreover, PANI‐A‐CNT/ABS composite (0–4 wt% PANI‐A‐CNT) has stronger tensile and impact properties than p‐CNT/ABS composite (0–4 wt% p‐CNT), expanding the range of applications for ABS resin.
Novel pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives as potential T3SS inhibitors against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Li Jia‐Bao , Xiong Lan‐Tu , Lu Yan‐Rong , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Xu Xiao‐Li , Wang Hai‐Hong , Deng Xin , Hu Xu‐Hong , Cui Zi‐Ning
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Cruciferous black rot is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infection and is a widespread disease worldwide. Excessive and repeated use of bactericide is an important cause of the development of bacterial resistance. It is imperative to take new approaches to screening compounds that target virulence factors rather than kill bacterial pathogens. The type III secretion system (T3SS) invades a variety of cells by transporting virulence effector factors into the cytoplasm and is an attractive antitoxic target. Toward the search of new T3SS inhibitors, an alternative series of novel pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives were designed and synthesized and assessed for their effect in blocking the virulence.

RESULTS

All of the target compounds were characterized by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon‐13 (13C) NMR, fluorine‐19 (19F) NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All compounds were evaluated using high‐throughput screening systems against Xcc. The results of the biological activity test revealed that the compound SPF‐9 could highly inhibit the activity of xopN gene promoter and the hypersensitivity (HR) of tobacco without affecting bacterial growth. Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) level measurements showed that compound SPF‐9 inhibited the expression of some representative genes (hrp/hrc genes). Compound SPF‐9 weakened the pathogenicity of Xcc to Raphanus sativus L.

CONCLUSION

Compound SPF‐9 has good potential for further development as a novel T3SS inhibitor against Xcc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel aromatic carboxamide potentially targeting fungal succinate dehydrogenase: Design, synthesis, biological activities and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Zhang Aigui , Yang Jian , Tao Ke , Hou Taiping , Jin Hong
Published: May 2023

Background

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) emerging in fungicide markets are widely used in crop protection. Currently, the structural modification focusing on a structurally diverse ‘core’ moiety (aryl) of SDHIs is being gradually identified as one of the innovative strategies for developing novel, highly effective and low resistant fungicides.

Results

By optimization of lead compound SCU2028, 30 novel aromatic carboxamides Ia‐o and IIa‐o without a pyrazol group were designed, synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS). In vitro antifungal activities showed that most of the compounds Ia‐o and IIa‐o exhibited good antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani. Among them, compounds Ic and IIc (EC50 = 0.02 mg/L), with the 2‐chloro‐3‐pyridyl moiety, and compounds Io (EC50 = 0.03 mg/L) and IIo (EC50 = 0.02 mg/L), with the 4‐methyl‐2‐trifluoromethylthiazolyl moiety, all exhibited the equivalent antifungal activities against R. solani with compound SCU2028 (EC50 = 0.03 mg/L) and bixafen (EC50 = 0.04 mg/L). Additionally, in pot tests, compound IIc (EC50 = 3.63 mg/L) also had higher antifungal activity against R. solani than compound SCU2028 (EC50 = 7.63 mg/L). Furthermore, in vitro inhibitory activity against fungal SDH showed the inhibitory ability of compound IIc was equivalent with that of compound SCU2028, and molecular dynamics simulation of the SDH–compound IIc complex suggested that compound IIc could strongly bind to and interact with the binding site of SDH.

Conclusion

Novel aromatic carboxamides without a pyrazol group have potential as a class of SDHIs, and the strategy of replacing the pyrazol group with another aryl in the ‘core’ moiety might offer an alternative option in discovery of SDHI fungicides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of three chalcopyrites and one copper metal as potential reference materials for copper isotopic analysis by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Yang Wenwu , Zhang Wen , Hu Zhaochu , Zhou Lian , Liu Sheng‐Ao , Qiu Xiaofei , Tong Xirun
Published: May 2023

Rationale

Laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) has become a powerful technique for in situ Cu isotopic analysis in natural geological samples. Cu isotopic compositions in natural chalcopyrites have been used to reveal aspects of the mineralization processes directly. However, internationally or commercially available matrix‐matched chalcopyrite reference materials for mass fractionation correction or quality control purposes are still lacking for in situ Cu isotopic analysis using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS.

Methods

Three natural chalcopyrites 14ZJ12‐1, JGZ‐29 and JGZ‐78, and one copper metal GBW02141 with different Cu isotopic compositions were investigated as potential microanalytical reference materials by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. Ga element was used as an internal standard to correct the mass fractionation of Cu isotopes during LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analysis.

Results

A large number of Cu isotope ratio measurements using femtosecond LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS were conducted and produced good intermediate precision of δ65CuNIST976 (0.07–0.08‰, 2 standard deviations), demonstrating the homogeneous Cu isotopic distribution in the recommended samples. The mean δ65CuNIST976 values of −0.21 ± 0.04‰, 0.46 ± 0.04‰, −0.06 ± 0.04‰ and 0.11 ± 0.05‰ (2 standard deviations) in 14ZJ12‐1, JGZ‐29, JGZ‐78 and GBW02141, respectively, were obtained using solution‐MC‐ICP‐MS in the four recommended samples.

Conclusions

Here, we describe three natural chalcopyrites 14ZJ12‐1, JGZ‐29, JGZ‐78, and one copper metal GBW02141 as the potential Cu isotopic reference materials for LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analysis. Our analyses demonstrate that these recommended materials have a high degree of elemental and isotopic homogeneity, indicating that they are suitable for microanalysis techniques for data quality assurance or interlaboratory calibration.
Valuing and devaluing: Struggles over social payments, dignity, and sneakers
Authors: DuBois Lindsay
Published: May 2023

This article examines the valuation struggles around Argentina's Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social (AUH), a large conditional cash transfer (CCT) program introduced in 2009. Thinking about value as a verb invites us to move away from reified notions and to consider the work differently positioned social actors do to value and devalue specific ideas, practices, people, and things. The article identifies two broad perspectives on the AUH, one that frames the social payments as an entitlement based on the rights of children and the other that frames the AUH as social assistance or help. There were many reasons to believe the AUH would have broad social support, yet most people, even most beneficiaries, saw the AUH as assistance rather than a right. Two other key concepts at play are work and dignity. These diverse views intersect—surprisingly—in discussion around sneakers, a topic that every interview and commentary on the AUH seems eventually to mention. Sneakers appear as a sign of dignity or as evidence of misspent government funds. This article thus attends to how political struggles are centrally about the practices of valuing and devaluing specific kinds of people.
Highly Efficient CO2 Reduction at Steady 2 A cm−2 by Surface Reconstruction of Silver Penetration Electrode
Authors: Li Shoujie , Dong Xiao , Mao Jianing , Chen Wei , Chen Aohui , Wu Gangfeng , Zhu Chang , Li Guihua , Wei Yiheng , Liu Xiaohu , Wang Jiangjiang , Song Yanfang , Wei Wei
Published: May 2023

Electroreduction of CO2 to CO is a promising route for greenhouse gas resource utilization, but it still suffers from impractical current density and poor durability. Here, a nanosheet shell (NS) vertically standing on the Ag hollow fiber (NS@Ag HF) surface formed by electrochemical surface reconstruction is reported. As‐prepared NS@Ag HF as a gas penetration electrode exhibited a high CO faradaic efficiency of 97% at an ultra‐high current density of 2.0 A cm−2 with a sustained performance for continuous >200 h operation. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that promoted surface electronic structures of NS@Ag HF by the nanosheets not only suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction but also facilitate the CO2 reduction kinetics. This work provides a feasible strategy for fabricating robust catalysts for highly efficient and stable CO2 reduction.
Review of Design Routines of MXene Materials for Magnesium‐Ion Energy Storage Device
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Yuan Zeyu , Zhao Lianjia , Li Yilin , Qin Xiaokun , Li Junzhi , Han Wei , Wang Lili
Published: May 2023

Renewable energy storage using electrochemical storage devices is extensively used in various field applications. High‐power density supercapacitors and high‐energy density rechargeable batteries are some of the most effective devices, while lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are the most common. Due to the scarcity of Li resources and serious safety concerns during the construction of LIBs, development of safer and cheaper technologies with high performance is warranted. Magnesium is one of the most abundant and replaceable elements on earth, and it is safe as it does not generate dendrite following cycling. However, the lack of suitable electrode materials remains a critical issue in developing electrochemical energy storage devices. 2D MXenes can be used to construct composites with different dimensions, owing to their suitable physicochemical properties and unique magnesium‐ion adsorption structure. In this study, the construction strategies of MXene in different dimensions, including its physicochemical properties as an electrode material in magnesium ion energy storage devices are reviewed. Research advancements of MXene and MXene‐based composites in various kinds of magnesium‐ion storage devices are also analyzed to understand its energy storage mechanisms. Finally, current opportunities, challenges, and future prospects are also briefly discussed to provide crucial information for future research.
Fast matrix multiplication via compiler‐only layered data reorganization and intrinsic lowering
Authors: Kuzma Braedy , Korostelev Ivan , de Carvalho João P. L. , Moreira José E. , Barton Christopher , Araujo Guido , Amaral José Nelson
Published: May 2023

The resurgence of machine learning has increased the demand for high‐performance basic linear algebra subroutines (BLAS), which have long depended on libraries to achieve peak performance on commodity hardware. High‐performance BLAS implementations rely on a layered approach that consists of tiling and packing layers—for data (re)organization—and micro kernels that perform the actual computations. The algorithm for the tiling and packing layers is target independent but is parameterized to the memory hierarchy and register‐file size. The creation of high‐performance micro kernels requires significant development effort to write tailored assembly code for each architecture. This hand optimization task is complicated by the recent introduction of matrix engines by 's (Matrix Multiply Assist—MMA), (Advanced Matrix eXtensions—AMX), and (Matrix Extensions—ME) to deliver high‐performance matrix operations. This article presents a compiler‐only alternative to the use of high‐performance libraries by incorporating, to the best of our knowledge and for the first time, the automatic generation of the layered approach into LLVM, a production compiler. Modular design of the algorithm, such as the use of LLVM's matrix‐multiply intrinsic for a clear interface between the tiling and packing layers and the micro kernel, makes it easy to retarget the code generation to multiple accelerators. The parameterization of the tiling and packing layers is demonstrated in the generation of code for the MMA unit on IBM's POWER10. This article also describes an algorithm that lowers the matrix‐multiply intrinsic to the MMA unit. The use of intrinsics enables a comprehensive performance study. In processors without hardware matrix engines, the tiling and packing delivers performance up to (Intel)—for small matrices—and more than (POWER9)—for large matrices—faster than PLuTo, a widely used polyhedral optimizer. The performance also approaches high‐performance libraries and is only slower than OpenBLAS and on‐par with Eigen for large matrices. With MMA in POWER10 this solution is, for large matrices, over faster the vector‐extension solution, matches Eigen performance, and achieves up to ofBLASpeak performance.
“I have meaningful work:” Crafting teaching and advocacy at anESLafter‐school program
Authors: Ridley Jackie , King Nicole
Published: May 2023

While the importance of advocacy in TESOL has received greater attention in recent scholarship, less research has explored how English language teachers make meaning for their work as educators and advocates by acting within and beyond their official roles and responsibilities. This article explores how teachers in an after‐school program supported refugee and immigrant students and their families. The researchers ask the following question: How do teachers craft their roles as educators and advocates for refugee and immigrant youth in an English as a second language (ESL) after‐school program? They analyzed data through a job crafting lens (Haneda & Sherman, 2018; Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2001) to make visible how teachers at the after‐school program defined themselves as educators and advocates, and how the program hindered or empowered their efforts to act on these definitions. Findings share how four different teachers crafted opportunities, connections, leadership, and resources as they imagined and enacted their work with and for refugee and immigrant students and their families. Based on study findings, we suggest implications for TESOL educators in classrooms and community spaces, and recommend future directions for job crafting research on teaching and teacher advocacy.
Production strategies and potential repercussion of sewage sludge biochar as a futuristic paradigm toward environmental beneficiation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy , Hamda Abas Siraj , Jayakumar Mani , Periyasamy Selvakumar , Manivannan Subramanian , Bacha Workisa
Published: May 2023

The generation of sewage wastewater is unavoidable due to the continual increase in the global population that paves the way to appropriate disposal management. Sewage wastewater treatment and consequent generation of sewage sludge (SS) are well connected with global environmental issues. Upon risk assessment on different SS disposal methods, converting SS into biochar, that is, sewage sludge biochar, can be recommendable management. It is well‐proven for excellent positive impacts, such as nutrient enhancement, and healthier plant growth, and mitigates the emissions of greenhouse gases while amending with agricultural soil. However, the outcome features of SSB significantly vary with pyrolysis temperature and its elemental constituents. In addition, many studies revealed that the process temperature is key to responsible for the desirable properties and functioning of SSB. In this context, many countries support to the development of a futuristic strategy for SS management toward producing SSB and its utilization in agriculture. This review compiles studies into SSB's ability to promote a sustainable effect on the total worldwide output volume. Furthermore, the generation of SSB is also analyzed from a socioeconomic standpoint in relation to other common SS disposal management strategies.
Actionable Artificial Intelligence for the Future of Production
Authors: Behery Mohamed , Brauner Philipp , Zhou Hans Aoyang , Uysal Merih Seran , Samsonov Vladimir , Bellgardt Martin , Brillowski Florian , Brockhoff Tobias , Ghahfarokhi Anahita Farhang , Gleim Lars , Gorissen Leon Michel , Grochowski Marco , Henn Thomas , Iacomini Elisa , Kaster Thomas , Koren István , Liebenberg Martin , Reinsch Leon , Tirpitz Liam , Trinh Minh , Posada-Moreno Andres Felipe , Liehner Luca , Schemmer Thomas , Vervier Luisa , Völker Marcus , Walderich Philipp , Zhang Song , Brecher Christian , Schmitt Robert H. , Decker Stefan , Gries Thomas , Häfner Constantin Leon , Herty Michael , Jarke Matthias , Kowalewski Stefan , Kuhlen Torsten W. , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich , Trimpe Sebastian , Aalst Wil M. P. van der , Ziefle Martina , Lakemeyer Gerhard
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Production (IoP) promises to be the answer to major challenges facing the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0. The lack of inter-company communication channels and standards, the need for heightened safety in Human Robot Collaboration (HRC) scenarios, and the opacity of data-driven decision support systems are only a few of the challenges we tackle in this chapter. We outline the communication and data exchange within the World Wide Lab (WWL) and autonomous agents that query the WWL which is built on the Digital Shadows (DS). We categorize our approaches into

machine level, process level, and overarching principles. This chapter surveys the interdisciplinary work done in each category, presents different applications of the different approaches, and offers actionable items and guidelines for future work.The machine level handles the robots and machines used for production and their interactions with the human workers. It covers low-level robot control and optimization through gray-box models, task-specific motion planning, and optimization through reinforcement learning. In this level, we also examine quality assurance through nonintrusive real-time quality monitoring, defect recognition, and quality prediction. Work on this level also handles confidence, verification, and validation of re-configurable processes and reactive, modular, transparent process models. The process level handles the product life cycle, interoperability, and analysis and optimization of production processes, which is overall attained by analyzing process data and event logs to detect and eliminate bottlenecks and learn new process models. Moreover, this level presents a communication channel between human workers and processes by extracting and formalizing human knowledge into ontology and providing a decision support by reasoning over this information. Overarching principles present a toolbox of omnipresent approaches for data collection, analysis, augmentation, and management, as well as the visualization and explanation of black-box models.
Sustainable Fisheries Under Net-Zero Emissions: A Case Study of the Taiwan Fishery Administration
Authors: Ho Ching-Hsien , Lee Kuanting
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the marine fishing industry, takes Taiwan’s fishery authorities as the subject of discussion, collects and compiles documents related to international trends and policy implementation in various countries, incorporates the implemented or planned policies and measures by Taiwan fishery authorities to conduct a comparative analysis on fishery policies in Taiwan and other developed countries, and determines the green policy strategies and opportunities for a low-carbon economy in the context of net-zero emissions. The comparative analysis results were used to examine the gap between the current situation and the future policy goals through the goal, reality, options, and will (GROW) evaluation method. Possible implementation directions to address the gap are discussed. Finally, policy issues within short-, medium-, and long-term plans and possible opportunities are determined through Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards materiality analysis and the priority research direction determination method. Priority stakeholders to be considered or involved in each policy stage are identified using the boundary identification method.
Introducing the Field: ‘Migration and Religion’
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, we introduce the topic, discuss the aim, define a few key concepts and examine some of the methodological difficulties in researching migration and religion. The chapter aims to make the reader aware of the difference between research and serving up an opinion. Across Europe there are many vocal, opiniated debaters who all too often offer simple answers and quick fixes to identified problems. The very idea behind research is precisely the opposite; it is about grounding rich descriptions and theorisation in carefully crafted, methodologically sound, hard work.
Religious Reactions
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

The themes we have chosen for this chapter are intriguing and complex, and at the same time very specific and typical of contemporary religion, and therefore important when attempting to understand the relation between religion and migration. Others could have been selected. Yet we argue that these themes cover some very dynamic fields. Clearly, some research has been done, however it is our conviction that migration researchers need to engage much more with these themes.
Agency, Inclusion and Political Mobilisation of Irregular Migrants
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Hajer Minke H. J.
Published: May 2023

The literature on irregular migration often deals with migration policies and the role of states. A smaller body of literature focuses on the role that irregular migrants themselves have, or can have. This chapter will explore the agency that irregular migrants have to influence their own migration trajectory. Moreover, it will discuss how irregular migrants can use their agency to become incorporated into the societies in which they reside despite their irregular status. By using a broad notion of citizenship, we will consider how irregular migrants can use their agency to obtain forms of inclusion, other than through regularisations, and how they can have the capacity to trigger political and social change despite their irregular status. This chapter will elaborate on social movements of irregular migrants.
Werkstattbericht – Ein Blick auf die Hinterbühne der DATAFIED Forschung
Authors: Macgilchrist Felicitas , Bock Annekatrin , Breiter Andreas , Dabisch Vito , Hartong Sigrid , Jarke Juliane , Jornitz Sieglinde , Mayer Ben , Lange Angelina , Raabe Tjark , Zakharova Irina , Troeger Jasmin
Published: May 2023

Inspiriert von methodologischen Diskussionen zu den „Hinterbühnen“ von Forschungsprojekten, zielt dieser kurze finale Beitrag im Buch darauf, einen Einblick in einige soziale, materielle, kontextspezifische und rekursive Forschungspraktiken während des DATAFIED Verbundvorhabens zu geben. Der Beitrag reiht sich somit in die Tradition derjenigen Publikationen ein, welche die praktischen und sozialen Aspekte des „doing research“ eruieren, mit dem Ziel, Lesenden ein besseres Verständnis unserer Erforschung von Datafizierung an Schulen zu geben.
Developing a Water Demand Management Plan
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee
Published: May 2023

A fit-to-context WDM plan can help inform water service providers how to achieve efficient water use and optimise existing water resources before contemplating the development of additional resources and infrastructure. Plans may incorporate WDM measures with clearly defined objectives, approach, potential outcomes, and timelines for implementation. On implementation, regular monitoring and assessments of WDM measures can ensure that they adapt to changing conditions and remain effective.
Concluding Remarks and Water Demand Management Measure Overview
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee
Published: May 2023

WDM has a critical role to play in securing future water supplies. The management of water resources in cities globally has changed in recent years, due to rapid population growth, urbanisation, rising living standards, and impacts of climate change. This has resulted in the need to develop more sustainable and efficient urban water systems worldwide, with urgency.