bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Human Resources Training in Improving the Employee's Performance: Applied Study in the Five Stars Hotels in Jordan
Authors: Aboyassin Naser A. , Sultan Mustafa A. F.
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to determine the role of human resources training dimension (training needs analysis, training program design, training duration, and evaluation of training) in improving employee's performance (productivity, service quality, and job satisfaction) in five-star hotels in Jordan. Questionnaire was the tool of collecting data from a sample of (191) employees working in Five Stars Hotels. The results of the study indicated that there is a positive effect of training on all three criteria of employee's performance (productivity, service quality, and job satisfaction). Also, there is no effect of the two mediator variables (age and gender) on the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Effect of Nitrification Inhibitor and Cutting Heights on Degradability of Pearl Millet
Authors: Corrêa Daniel Staciarini , França Aldi Fernandes de Souza , Magalhães Roberto Toledo , Arnhold Emmanuel , Silva-Junior Adesvaldo José e , Oliveira Leonardo Guimarães
Published: July 2017

Pearl millet crop has been increasingly growing in Brazilian Savanna and it is already being used as cover crop between annual crops. The plant has great forage potential, besides being a nutrient recycling plant due to its peculiar root system. This study was developed in order to assess the pearl millet nutritional value when submitted to nitrogen fertilizer. It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate nitrate) treated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on the ruminal degradability of two pearl millets’ cultivars, under four nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 45, 90 and 180 kg ha-1) and pre-cutting heights (0.70, 0.80 and 0.90 m). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial 3 × 4 (3 cutting heights × 4 nitrogen doses) with three replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The DMPP treated Nitrogen, in high doses, increased the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent insoluble fiber degradability in pearl millet handled at 0.90 m. The combination of fertilization with 45 or 90 kg ha-1 of nitrogen treated with DMPP, with the management of millet at 0.70 or 0.80 m did not favored the forage nutritional quality, indicating that in these treatments, the ratio between the availability of nitrogen in ammonium and nitrate forms may have been detrimental to the plants.
Impact of Mustard Seed Meal Applications on Direct-Seeded Cucurbits and Weed Control
Authors: Webber III Charles L. , White Jr Paul M. , Boydston Rick A. , Shrefler James W.
Published: July 2017

Weed control in organic production systems can be a labor intensive and expensive process. Mustard seed meal (MSM) is phytotoxic and a potential pre-emergent and preplant-incorporated organic herbicide for controlling germinating and emerging weed seedlings: unfortunately, MSM may also adversely impact seedling survival of certain direct-seeded vegetable crops. Field research was conducted in southeast Oklahoma (Lane, OK) to determine the phytotoxic impact of MSM on indigenous weeds and seedling establishment of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) var. ‘PMR-45’, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) var. ‘Marketmore 76’, yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) var. ‘Crookneck’, and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) var. ‘Dixie’. The factorial experiment included 2 MSM incorporation levels (no incorporation and incorporation), 2 MSM application rates (2.25 and 4.5 mt/ha), 2 application patterns (banded and solid), 2 experimental control treatments (1 for each incorporation method) and four replications. The soil [Bernow fine sandy loam, 0-3% slope (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf)] was prepared for planting by plowing, fertilizing, and forming raised beds. MSM was applied to raised beds 3 m-long on 0.76 m-centers. The banded application produced a 10.2 cm-wide MSM-free area in the bed center where the crop would later be direct-seeded. The MSM was then either left on the surface or incorporated into the top 2.5-5.0 cm and then direct-seeded with cantaloupe, cucumber, yellow squash, and watermelon. Plant stands and weed control ratings were collected during the experimental period. Twenty-eight days after planting, the entire plot was harvested and the fresh and dry plant weights determined. Although applications of MSM provided sufficient broadleaf, grass, and total weed control, cucurbit establishment and development, the application of MSM at 2.25 and 4.5 mt/ha severely reduced crop establishment of direct-seeded cucurbits. Further research should address banded applications of MSM with either established direct-seeded or transplanted cucurbits and other vegetable crops in the same manner as others have done with corn gluten meal.
Zaufanie w zespołach pracowniczych – czy polskie zespoły są gotowe na empowerment?
Authors: Krawczyk-Bryłka Beata
Published: July 2017

Zaufanie jest istotnym elementem klimatu pracy zespołowej i  warunkiem budowania efektywnych zespołów, korzystających z  potencjału zaangażowanych w  realizację celu pracowników. Zaufanie jest też podstawą wdrażania w zespołach zasad empowermentu, rozumianego nie tylko jako przekazanie władzy członkom zespołu, lecz również jako zdolność zespołu do przejmowania odpowiedzialności za realizację wybranego celu. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd literatury podkreślającej związki między poziomem zaufania a  empowermentem w  zespołach. W  badaniach skoncentrowano się na ocenie poziomu zaufania horyzontalnego (pomiędzy członkami zespołu) i  poziomu zaufania wertykalnego (pracowników wobec lidera) w  zespołach pracowniczych. Dokonano też oceny oczekiwań pracowników dotyczących tych dwóch wymiarów zaufania, co pozwoliło zidentyfikować luki zaufania. Wskazują one obszary do wdrażania rozwiązań wspiera‑ jących kształtowanie klimatu zaufania i empowermentu w zespołach i w organizacjach.
Certified Reference Material for Use in 1H, 31P, and 19F Quantitative NMR, Ensuring Traceability to the International System of Units
Authors: Rigger Romana , Rück Alexander , Hellriegel Christine , Sauermoser Robert , Morf Fabienne , Breitruck Kathrin , Obkircher Markus
Published: July 2017

In recent years, quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy has become one of the most important tools for content determination of organic substances and quantitative evaluation of impurities. Using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) as internal or external standards, the extensively used qNMR method can be applied for purity determination, including unbroken traceability to the International System of Units (SI). The implementation of qNMR toward new application fields, e.g., metabolomics, environmental analysis, and physiological pathway studies, brings along morecomplex molecules and systems, thus making use of 1H qNMR challenging. A smart workaround is possible by the use of other NMR active nuclei, namely 31P and 19F. This article presents the development of three classes of qNMR CRMs based on different NMR active nuclei (1H, 31P, and 19F), and the corresponding approaches to establish traceability to the SI through primary CRMs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Metrology Institute of Japan. These TraceCERT® qNMR CRMs are produced under ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 using high-performance qNMR.
Awareness of, and participation with, user-created alcohol promotion, and the association with higher-risk drinking in young adults
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Moodie Crawford , Bauld Linda , Bonner Adrian , Hastings Gerard
Published: July 2017

User-created alcohol promotion refers to the content distributed through new media which intends to promote consumption, but independent of commercial digital marketing. This study explores exposure to such user-created alcohol promotion and the association with higher-risk drinking in a sample of young adults in the United Kingdom. An online cross-sectional survey with 18-25 year olds (N = 405) was used to measure awareness of, and participation with, 11 forms of user-created alcohol promotion. Higher-risk drinking was measured through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C). On average, participants were aware of 7.48 user-created alcohol promotion channels and had participated with 4.36. A hierarchical logistic regression highlighted a positive association between exposure to user-created alcohol promotion and higher-risk consumption, with participation (AOR = 1.64) having a stronger association with higher-risk consumption than awareness (AOR = 1.19). The results suggest that young adults are aware of, and participating with, a cumulative range of user-created alcohol promotion, both within and beyond social media. Further research is required to understand whether this association with higher-risk drinking is causal, the links between user-created alcohol promotion and commercial marketing, and the wider utility of user-created content to influence health behaviours in young adults.
Estudo comparativo das diretrizes dos códigos florestais de 1965 e 2012
Authors: Pertille Carla Talita , Coelho Charles Costa , Gerber Dionatan , Faria Álvaro Boson de Castro , Brun Eleandro José
Published: July 2017

A legislação ambiental brasileira tem uma base de elaboração com solidez elevada, porém, ainda apresenta limitações, exigindo da sociedade e das instituições, ações que elas, muitas vezes, não são capazes de cumprir. O objetivo do trabalho foi gerar um documento que proporcione um melhor entendimento da legislação ambiental brasileira, especificamente aos Códigos Florestais de 1965 (Lei n° 4.771/65) e 2012 (Lei n° 12.651/12). Diversas alterações foram feitas, principalmente em relação aos regimes de proteção de áreas de preservação permanente (APP) e reserva legal (RL). Dentre elas, o código atual define as providências iniciais que o produtor rural deve tomar para se adequar à legislação, como a inscrição no Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR). Com a aprovação do novo código, há uma necessidade de um trabalho contínuo nos âmbitos federal (regulamentações e atualizações), estadual e municipal (criação e regulamentação dos códigos florestais respectivos). Ressalta-se também a necessidade da implementação dos mecanismos de incentivos à preservação previstos no código atual, assim como uma atuação efetiva de profissionais com plenos conhecimentos sobre o Código Florestal.
Número Completo abr./jun. 2017 (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
Authors: Rural Extensão
Published: July 2017

Número Completo abr./jun. 2017 (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
[Acute exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)]
Authors: Urso Domenico Lorenzo
Published: July 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are important events in the natural history of this condition because they negatively impact health status, rate of hospitalization, disease progression, and mortality.Viral and/or bacterial infections are the main cause of exacerbations. The treatments include systemic corticosteroids, bronchodilators, anticholinergics and/or short- or long-acting β2-agonists, and antibiotics in case of bacterial infections. In some cases, oxygen-therapy is indicated.This article focuses on several aspects of AECOPD, including epidemiology, diagnostic approach, i.e. investigations and management of AECOPD.
Nano-sized zeolites as modulators of thiacloprid toxicity onChironomus riparius
Authors: Lorenz Carla S. , Wicht Anna-Jorina , Guluzada Leyla , Crone Barbara , Karst Uwe , Lee Hwa Jun , Triebskorn Rita , Haderlein Stefan B. , Huhn Carolin , Köhler Heinz-R.
Published: July 2017

This study investigated whether zeolites of different size (Y30 (nano-sized) and H-Beta(OH)-III (forming large aggregates/agglomerates composed of 50 nm small primary particles)) exerted acute toxicity on larvae of the non-biting midge,Chironomus riparius, and whether such zeolites are able to modulate the toxicity of a common insecticide, thiacloprid, by means of adsorption of a dissolved toxicant. We conducted acute toxicity tests with fourth instar larvae ofC. riparius. In these tests, larvae were exposed to zeolites or thiacloprid solely, or to mixtures of both compounds. The mixtures comprised 1.0 µg/L thiacloprid in addition to low (5.2 mg/L), medium (18.2 mg/L), and high (391.7 mg/L) zeolite concentrations, resulting in different adsorption rates of thiacloprid. As biological endpoints, changes in mortality rates and in behavior were monitored every 24 h over a total investigation period of 96 h. Furthermore, we conducted chemical analyses of thiacloprid in the medium and the larvae and located the zeolite particles within the larvae by LA-ICP-MS imaging techniques. Our results demonstrate that both types of zeolites did not exert acute toxicity when applied as single-substances, but led to reduced acute toxicity of thiacloprid when applied together with thiacloprid. These results are in line with the sorption properties of zeolites indicating reduced bioavailability of thiacloprid, although our data indicate that thiacloprid can desorb from zeolites to some extent. While freely dissolved (i.e., non-sorbed) fraction of thiacloprid was a good parameter to roughly estimate toxic effects, it did not correlate with measured internal thiacloprid concentrations. Moreover, it was shown that both zeolite types were ingested by the larvae, but no indication for cellular uptake of them was found.
Identifying the 630 nm auroral arc emission height: A comparison of the triangulation, FAC profile, and electron density methods
Authors: Megan Gillies D. , Knudsen D. , Donovan E. , Jackel B. , Gillies R. , Spanswick E.
Published: July 2017

We present a comprehensive survey of 630 nm (red‐line) emission discrete auroral arcs using the newly deployed Redline Emission Geospace Observatory. In this study we discuss the need for observations of 630 nm aurora and issues with the large‐altitude range of the red‐line aurora. We compare field‐aligned currents (FACs) measured by the Swarm constellation of satellites with the location of 10 red‐line (630 nm) auroral arcs observed by all‐sky imagers (ASIs) and find that a characteristic emission height of 200 km applied to the ASI maps gives optimal agreement between the two observations. We also compare the new FAC method against the traditional triangulation method using pairs of all‐sky imagers (ASIs), and against electron density profiles obtained from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar‐Canadian radar, both of which are consistent with a characteristic emission height of 200 km.
Statistical study of polar negative magnetic bays driven by interplanetary fast‐mode shocks
Authors: Liou Kan , Sotirelis Thomas , Gjerloev Jesper
Published: July 2017

The question of whether an interplanetary (IP) fast‐mode shock can trigger the substorm expansion is still not resolved. Some scientists believe that the substorm expansion can be triggered by a sudden compression of the magnetosphere if a substorm growth phase is in progress (e.g., the magnetosphere precondition hypothesis). Such a hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. Here we study 258 positive sudden impulse (SI+) events associated with interplanetary fast‐mode shocks observed by the ACE spacecraft from 1998 to 2009. The westward auroral electrojet SML index, derived from the SuperMAG network geomagnetic field data, is used to check for negative magnetic bays. It is found that the probability of having a magnetic bay onset that follows a shock impact peaks (~27%) sharply and immediately (within 3 min) after the shock‐induced SI+. This indicates that the majority of the shock events do not lead to magnetic bays. A superposed epoch analysis of the shock events associated with (Type‐Y) and without (Type‐N) negative bays indicates that the Type‐Y events had stronger (~40%) solar wind driving than the Type‐N ones. This result generally supports the magnetosphere precondition hypothesis. We also found that (1) Type‐Y events are associated with even stronger (~56%) solar wind driving downstream of the shock than Type‐N events and (2) there is a good correlation between the SML and the polar cap magnetic PC indices both upstream and downstream of the shock. It is suggested that sharp decreases in SML immediately after a shock impact are not associated with the substorm‐driven DP‐1 current system but with the convection‐driven DP‐2 current system.
Combining periodic hydraulic tests and surface tilt measurements to explore in situ fracture hydromechanics
Authors: Schuite Jonathan , Longuevergne Laurent , Bour Olivier , Guihéneuf Nicolas , Becker Matthew W. , Cole Matthew , Burbey Thomas J. , Lavenant Nicolas , Boudin Frédéric
Published: July 2017

Fractured bedrock reservoirs are of socio‐economical importance, as they may be used for storage or retrieval of fluids and energy. In particular, the hydromechanical behavior of fractures needs to be understood as it has implications on flow and governs stability issues (e.g., microseismicity). Laboratory, numerical, or field experiments have brought considerable insights to this topic. Nevertheless, in situ hydromechanical experiments are relatively uncommon, mainly because of technical and instrumental limitations. Here we present the early stage development and validation of a novel approach aiming at capturing the integrated hydromechanical behavior of natural fractures. It combines the use of surface tiltmeters to monitor the deformation associated with the periodic pressurization of fractures at depth in crystalline rocks. Periodic injection and withdrawal advantageously avoids mobilizing or extracting significant amounts of fluid, and it hinders any risk of reservoir failure. The oscillatory perturbation is intended to (1) facilitate the recognition of its signature in tilt measurements and (2) vary the hydraulic penetration depth in order to sample different volumes of the fractured bedrock around the inlet and thereby assess scale effects typical of fractured systems. By stacking tilt signals, we managed to recover small tilt amplitudes associated with pressure‐derived fracture deformation. Therewith, we distinguish differences in mechanical properties between the three tested fractures, but we show that tilt amplitudes are weakly dependent on pressure penetration depth. Using an elastic model, we obtain fracture stiffness estimates that are consistent with published data. Our results should encourage further improvement of the method.
Anisotropy in subduction zones: Insights from new source side S wave splitting measurements from India
Authors: Roy Sunil K. , Kumar M. Ravi , Davuluri Srinagesh
Published: July 2017

This study presents 106 splitting and 40 null measurements of source side anisotropy in subduction zones, utilizing direct S waves registered at two stations sited on the Indian continent, which show null shear wave splitting measurements for SKS phases. Our results suggest that trench‐parallel anisotropy is dominant beneath the Philippines, Mariana, Izu‐Bonin, and edge of the Java slab, while plate motion‐parallel anisotropy is observed beneath the Solomon, Aegean, Japan, and Java slabs. Results from Kuril and Aleutian regions reveal trench‐oblique anisotropy. We chose to interpret these observations primarily in terms of mantle flow beneath a subduction zone. While the two‐dimensional (2‐D) slab entrained flow model offers a simple explanation for trench‐normal fast polarization azimuths (FPA), the trench‐parallel FPA can be reconciled by extension due to slab rollback. The model that invokes age of the subducting lithosphere can explain anisotropy in the subslab, derived from rays recorded at the updip stations. However, when downdip stations are used, contributions from the slab and supraslab need to be considered. In Japan, anisotropy in the subslab mantle shallower than 300 km might be associated with trench‐parallel mantle flow resulting in the alignment of FPA in the same direction. Anisotropy in the deeper part, above the transition zone, is probably associated with 2‐D flow resulting in trench‐normal FPA. Anisotropy in the Mariana Trench might be associated with trench‐parallel mantle flow in the supraslab region, with similar deformation in the upper mantle and the transition zone.
Initial testing of a pixelated silicon detector prototype in proton therapy
Authors: Wroe Andrew J. , McAuley Grant , Teran Anthony V. , Wong Jeannie , Petasecca Marco , Lerch Michael , Slater James M. , Rozenfeld Anatoly B.
Published: July 2017

As technology continues to develop, external beam radiation therapy is being employed, with increased conformity, to treat smaller targets. As this occurs, the dosimetry methods and tools employed to quantify these fields for treatment also have to evolve to provide increased spatial resolution. The team at the University of Wollongong has developed a pixelated silicon detector prototype known as the dose magnifying glass (DMG) for real‐time small‐field metrology. This device has been tested in photon fields and IMRT. The purpose of this work was to conduct the initial performance tests with proton radiation, using beam energies and modulations typically associated with proton radiosurgery. Depth dose and lateral beam profiles were measured and compared with those collected using a PTW parallel‐plate ionization chamber, a PTW proton‐specific dosimetry diode, EBT3 Gafchromic film, and Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements of the depth dose profile yielded good agreement when compared with Monte Carlo, diode and ionization chamber. Bragg peak location was measured accurately by the DMG by scanning along the depth dose profile, and the relative response of the DMG at the center of modulation was within 2.5% of that for the PTW dosimetry diode for all energy and modulation combinations tested. Real‐time beam profile measurements of a 5 mm 127 MeV proton beam also yielded FWHM and FW90 within ±1 channel (0.1 mm) of the Monte Carlo and EBT3 film data across all depths tested. The DMG tested here proved to be a useful device at measuring depth dose profiles in proton therapy with a stable response across the entire proton spread‐out Bragg peak. In addition, the linear array of small sensitive volumes allowed for accurate point and high spatial resolution one‐dimensional profile measurements of small radiation fields in real time to be completed with minimal impact from partial volume averaging.
Mesoporous Silica Thin Membranes with Large Vertical Mesochannels for Nanosize‐Based Separation
Authors: Liu Yupu , Shen Dengke , Chen Gang , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Pal Manas , Zhu Hongwei , Wu Longlong , Lin Jianjian , Al‐Dahyan Daifallah , Li Wei , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: July 2017

Membrane separation technologies are of great interest in industrial processes such as water purification, gas separation, and materials synthesis. However, commercial filtration membranes have broad pore size distributions, leading to poor size cutoff properties. In this work, mesoporous silica thin membranes with uniform and large vertical mesochannels are synthesized via a simple biphase stratification growth method, which possess an intact structure over centimeter size, ultrathin thickness (≤50 nm), high surface areas (up to 1420 m2 g−1), and tunable pore sizes from ≈2.8 to 11.8 nm by adjusting the micelle parameters. The nanofilter devices based on the free‐standing mesoporous silica thin membranes show excellent performances in separating differently sized gold nanoparticles (>91.8%) and proteins (>93.1%) due to the uniform pore channels. This work paves a promising way to develop new membranes with well‐defined pore diameters for highly efficient nanosize‐based separation at the macroscale.
Transition Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross‐Coupling C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bond Formation: Regioselective C‐3 Alkylation of Coumarins with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Dian Longyang , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei
Published: July 2017

A novel transition‐metal‐free regioselective C‐3 alkylation of coumarins was realized under mild reaction conditions. Various coumarins and tertiary amines smoothly underwent direct C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation in the presence of (n‐Bu)4NI as the catalyst and t‐BuOOH as the oxidant.

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Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Alkyl‐ and Arylsulfenylation of 3,4‐Dihalo‐2(5H)‐furanones (X=Br, Cl) with Sulfoxides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Cao Liang , Luo Shi‐He , Wu Han‐Qing , Chen Liu‐Qing , Jiang Kai , Hao Zhi‐Feng , Wang Zhao‐Yang
Published: July 2017

An efficient copper(I)/proline sodium salt‐catalyzed alkyl‐ and arylsulfenylation of C(sp2)–X 3,4‐dihalo‐2(5H)‐furanone compounds with sulfoxides is described. For inexpensive C(sp2)–Cl compounds, there is also a satisfactory reactivity with the moderate yields. This transformation provides a novel approach for the utilization of sulfoxides (not only DMSO) as sulfur source at mild temperatures without the need for an anaerobic atmosphere. More importantly, both sulfoxide and proline sodium salt can play a dual role in this reaction.

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Facile Fabrication of Hybrid Copper–Fiber Conductive Features with Enhanced Durability and Ultralow Sheet Resistance for Low‐Cost High‐Performance Paper‐Based Electronics
Authors: Zhang Tengyuan , Cai Xiaobing , Liu Jin , Hu Mingjun , Guo Qiuquan , Yang Jun
Published: July 2017

The accelerating arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) era creates a rapidly growing demand for paper‐based electronics due to their low cost, light weight, flexibility, and environmental friendliness. However, manufacturing high quality circuits with ultralow sheet resistance on cellulose paper remains a challenge. Here, a method is proposed to easily fabricate hybrid copper–fiber highly conductive features on low‐cost cellulose paper with strong adhesion and enhanced bending durability. A functional coating for fast surface modification of cellulose paper via an in situ cross‐linking mechanism between pyridine and epoxy groups is developed to enhance copper–fiber adhesion and protect paper in alkaline electroless deposition bath. Thanks to the unique porous structure of cellulose paper, the electroless copper deposition occurs in a 3D manner in the inkjet‐printed area, and forms a flexible copper–fiber hybrid structure ≈90 µm thick with sheet resistances as low as 0.00544 Ω sq−1. To demonstrate its potential applications in the IoT industry, a functional battery‐free circuit and a high‐performance planar antenna for radio frequency identification are fabricated and tested using the proposed method.
Fructose‐Derived Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Ultrathin and Ordered Mesoporous Shells as Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries for Fast Energy Storage
Authors: Zhong Yijun , Lu Qian , Zhu Yanping , Zhu Yinlong , Zhou Wei , Wang Shaobin , Shao Zongping
Published: July 2017

Hollow carbon nanospheres with diameters of ≈300 nm and ultrathin, ordered mesoporous shells (OP‐HCS) are synthesized via the facile dual‐template‐assisted hydrothermal carbonization of eco‐friendly, sustainable, and inexpensive fructose, in which ordered concave nanopore arrays with an average distance of 10–12 nm and a pore diameter of 4.37 nm are integrated into the balloon‐like OP‐HCS particles. Lithium–sulfur batteries with S/OP‐HCS cathodes exhibit high sulfur utilization, excellent rate capabilities, and decent cycling stabilities. The S/OP‐HCS cathode with 71 wt% sulfur demonstrates an excellent discharge capacity of 483 mAh g−1 at the ultrahigh current of 5 C with an overpotential of ≈0.1 V. The cathode also presents an outstanding reversible capacity of 585 mAh g−1 at 2 C over 200 cycles and a prolonged and stable 600‐cycle performance with an average Coulombic efficiency of 97.0% cycle−1 at 1 C. The unique hierarchically ordered porous structure of the OP‐HCS conductive framework provides highly efficient Li+ diffusion and electron transfer, as well as excellent sulfur confinement. Overall, the fundamental understanding of the structural advantages of ordered porous OP‐HCS is expected to inspire the development of new functional carbon nanomaterials for other applications.
Bio‐Nanotechnology in High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Xuan , Wang Shulan , Li Li , Dou Shixue
Published: July 2017

The use of bio‐nanotechnology for the fabrication of diverse functional nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and microstructures is attracting considerable attention due to its sustainability and renewability. As one of the key energy storage devices, supercapacitor (SC) requires the active electrode material to have high specific surface area, interconnected porous structure, excellent electronic conductivity, and appropriate heteroatom doping for promoting the transfer of electrons and electrolyte ions. The combination of bio‐technology and SC will open up a new avenue for the large‐scale fabrication of high performance functional energy storage devices. In this review, the most state‐of‐the‐art research progress in bio‐nanotechnological fabrication of different nanomaterials, including carbon materials, metal oxides, conducting polymers, and their corresponding composites are reviewed with the following three bio‐nanotechnical approaches covered: (1) biomass carbonization technologies; (2) bio‐template methods; and (3) bio‐complex technologies, while also highlighting their applications as functional SC electrodes.
Associations between neighborhood food environments and deficient protein intake among elderly people in a metropolitan suburb: A case study in Kisarazu city, Japan
Authors: Hamamatsu Yuri , Goto Chiho , Nishitani Masaru , Shimadate Riko , Ueno Junko , Kusakari Yoko , Umezaki Masahiro
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Living in a poor food environment and its association with an increased risk of inadequate nutrient intake are increasingly important issues in Japan due to an increase in the elderly population.

Methods

The present study examined the relationships between neighborhood food environment and the protein and fat intakes of elderly Japanese individuals (n = 181) living in the metropolitan Tokyo suburb of Kisarazu.

Results

A logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and shopping behavior variables revealed associations between subjectively evaluated poor neighborhood food environment and deficient protein intake. However, there was no significant association between excessive fat intake and neighborhood food environments.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that living in a poor neighborhood food environment, which is becoming increasingly prevalent in Japan and other developed countries, has the potential to result in malnutrition, or at least in a low‐quality diet, in elderly populations.
A Crystalline π‐Stack Containing Five Stereoisomers: Insights into Conformational Isomorphism, Chirality Inversion, and Disorder
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Röhr Merle I. S. , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2017

An unprecedented crystal‐packing arrangement of a tetramethoxy‐bay‐substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) consists of three crystallographically independent molecules, that is, an achiral (AC) PBI of saddle‐shaped geometry along with two pairs of propeller‐like twisted (P)‐ and (M)‐enantiomeric PBI frameworks. All these five conformations are observed within a single π‐stack revealing an intriguing packing sequence with an inversion of chirality from P to M via AC. Nudged elastic band calculations for the isolated molecule show that AC is a local minimum of the P to M interconversion path. In addition, two minor conformations were observed in the crystal, one of which resembles a transition‐state molecule. Theoretical studies of dimeric and trimeric stacks reveal that the coexistence of all these structures in the crystal lattice is aided by the strong dispersion interactions between PBI cores and perfectly interdigitated dodecyl chains which stabilize energetically higher conformations.
Mineralized State of the Avian Influenza Virus in the Environment
Authors: Zhou Hangyu , Wang Guangchuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Song Zhiyong , Tang Ruikang
Published: July 2017

Although the circulation of avian influenza viruses in humans is limited, they can be transmitted from Aves (birds) to humans, representing a great challenge. Herein, we suggest that influenza viruses from Aves might exist in a mineralized state owing to the high calcium concentrations in the avian intestine. Using two typical influenza viruses as examples, we demonstrate that these viruses can self‐mineralize in simulated avian intestinal fluid, resulting in egg‐like virus–mineral structured composites. The mineralized viruses are more robust, with enhanced infectivity and thermostability. More importantly, the mineral exterior of mineralized viruses can alter their cell internalization, expanding the possible tropisms. The discovery of a mineralized state of influenza viruses highlights the integration of nanomaterials and viruses in the environment, which provides a new understanding of avian influenza infection and its control.
Foreign Aid to the Pacific: Trends and Developments in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Dornan Matthew , Pryke Jonathan
Published: July 2017

The Pacific islands is one of the most aid‐dependent regions in the world. This article examines developments in the delivery of foreign aid to the region since the year 2000, a period in which there has been considerable change in both the amount and way in which aid is delivered internationally. Although Pacific island countries have seen a scale‐up in development assistance, it has been modest relative to that enjoyed by other developing countries. Improvement has been mixed in areas identified as a concern by the aid effectiveness agenda, with high levels of volatility and lack of predictability particularly problematic.
Selected birth defects among males following the United States terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001
Authors: Singh Parvati , Yang Wei , Shaw Gary M. , Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim A.
Published: July 2017

Background

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (hereafter referred to as 9/11) preceded an increase in male fetal deaths and reduced male live births among exposed gestational cohorts across several geographic locations in the United States, including California. We analyze whether the extreme stressor of 9/11 may have selected against frail males in utero by testing if the prevalence of male births with selected defects in California fell among cohorts exposed to the stressor during gestation.

Methods

We used data from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program from July 1985 to January 2004 (223 conception cohorts). We included six birth defects that as a group of phenotypes disproportionately affect males. We applied time‐series methods and defined as “exposed to 9/11” the cohorts conceived in February, March, April, May, June, July, and August 2001.

Results

Three of the seven monthly conception cohorts exposed to 9/11 in utero show lower than expected odds of live born males with the studied defects: February 2001 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.71), May 2001 (OR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16–0.81), and August 2001 (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.93).

Conclusion

The population‐wide stressor of 9/11 precedes a reduction in the risk of live born males with selected birth defects. Our analysis contributes to the understanding of adaptation to stress among pregnant women exposed to large and unexpected ambient stressors. Results further support the notion that the prevalence of live born defects may reflect temporal variation in cohort selection in utero against frail males. Birth Defects Research 109:1277–1283, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a highly Al3+‐selective fluorescence probe based on naphthalimide‐Schiff base and its application to practical water samples
Authors: Shen Kesheng , Mao Shanshan , Shi Xinkui , Wang Fei , Xu Yuling , Aderinto Stephen Opeyemi , Wu Huilu
Published: July 2017

A new fluorescent Al3+‐probe, N‐allyl‐4‐[3,3′‐((2‐aminoethyl)azanediyl)‐bis(N´‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)propanehy‐drazide)]‐1,8‐naphthalimide (L), was designed and synthesized based on 1,8‐naphthalimide. The probe L contains 1,8‐naphthalimide moiety as the fluorophore and a Schiff base as the recognition group. The structure of L was determined by single crystal X‐ray. L emission at 526 nm increased on addition of Al3+ under excitation wavelength at 350 nm. L exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity fluorescence emission towards to Al3+ in ethanol/Tris–HCl buffer solution (1:1, v/v, pH = 7.2) as compared with other tested metal ions. A good linearity with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99 was observed in the concentration range 2–10 μM. The binding constant and the detection limit of L for Al3+ were calculated to 2.6 × 104 M−1 and 0.34 μM, respectively. The results of experiments that including Job plot, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light titration, fluorescence titration, ESI‐MS and 1H NMR titration, indicated a 1:1 stoichiometric complex between L and Al3+. L was highly effective in monitoring Al3+ in real‐life Yellow River and tap water samples.
Chemical UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS profiling of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Root extract
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Wang Manman , Liang Jiajia , Wen Yongqing , Xiong Zhili
Published: July 2017

In this paper, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method in positive ion mode was established to systematically identify and to compare the major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Fuzi extract. A total twenty‐nine components including twenty‐five C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids and four C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids were identified in Fuzi extract. Thirteen of the parent components and five metabolites were detected in rat plasma and sixteen parent compounds and six metabolites in urine. These parent components found in rat plasma and urine were mainly C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids. All of the metabolites in vivo were demethylated metabolites (phase I metabolites), which suggested that demethylation was the major metabolic pathway of aconitum alkaloids in vivo. A comparison of the parent components in rat plasma and urine revealed that 3‐deoxyacontine was found in plasma but not in urine, while kalacolidine, senbusine and 16‐β‐hydroxycardiopetaline existed in urine but not in plasma, which indicated that most alkaloids components were disposed and excreted in prototype form. This research provides some important information for further metabolic investigations of Fuzi in vivo.
High expression of FUNDC1 predicts poor prognostic outcomes and is a promising target to improve chemoradiotherapy effects in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Hou Hailing , Er Puchun , Cheng Jingjing , Chen Xiuli , Ding Xiaofeng , Wang Yuwen , Chen Xi , Yuan Zhiyong , Pang Qingsong , Wang Ping , Qian Dong
Published: July 2017

FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is an important molecule in receptor‐dependent mitophagy. However, the roles of FUNDC1 in human cancer biology remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and roles of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of FUNDC1, and small‐hairpin RNA was applied to inhibit the expression of endogenous FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells. MTT assays and Flow cytometric analysis were applied to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the formation of γH2AX foci and evaluate the extent of DNA damage. Compared with corresponding adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues, the expression of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells was significantly increased. High expression of FUNDC1 and the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer were correlated negatively, which could be used as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival. Depletion of FUNDC1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, induced apoptosis, and enhanced cell sensitivity to cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR). Our data suggested that FUNDC1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with cervical cancer, and may be a new therapeutic target to improve the antitumor effects of chemoradiotherapy.
Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (MIV,MIII)O2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics
Authors: Clavier Nicolas , Cherkaski Yanis , Martinez Julien , Costis Sophie , Cordara Théo , Audubert Fabienne , Brissonneau Laurent , Dacheux Nicolas
Published: July 2017

Highly reactive and nanosized Th1‐xYxO2‐x/2 or Ce0.8Ln0.2O1.9 mixed oxides were prepared through the initial precipitation of hydroxide precursors which were further dried under vacuum. Whatever the chemical system investigated, the characterization of the powdered samples evidenced a rapid aging process leading to hydrated oxides. The thermal behavior of these samples was further investigated and first showed a two‐step dehydration process, with the successive departure of adsorbed and constitutive water, both yielding a drastic drop of the powders’ reactivity (i.e. decrease of the specific surface area). Sintering experiments were then undertaken by starting directly from raw powders and revealed very rapid densification kinetics. Highly densified pellets (above 95 %TD) with a fine grain microstructure were obtained after only 1 hour of heat treatment at 1600 °C. This easy and versatile process of precipitation, that can be followed by direct densification of the powders, then appears as a promising option for the elaboration of homogenous ceramic electrolytes.
Deuteration of Hyperpolarized 13C‐Labeled Zymonic Acid Enables Sensitivity‐Enhanced Dynamic MRI of pH
Authors: Hundshammer Christian , Düwel Stephan , Köcher Simone S. , Gersch Malte , Feuerecker Benedikt , Scheurer Christoph , Haase Axel , Glaser Steffen J. , Schwaiger Markus , Schilling Franz
Published: July 2017

Aberrant pH is characteristic of many pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation or cancer. Therefore, a non‐invasive and spatially resolved pH determination is valuable for disease diagnosis, characterization of response to treatment and the design of pH‐sensitive drug‐delivery systems. We recently introduced hyperpolarized [1,5‐13C2]zymonic acid (ZA) as a novel MRI probe of extracellular pH utilizing dissolution dynamic polarization (DNP) for a more than 10000‐fold signal enhancement of the MRI signal. Here we present a strategy to enhance the sensitivity of this approach by deuteration of ZA yielding [1,5‐13C2, 3,6,6,6‐D4]zymonic acid (ZAd), which prolongs the liquid state spin lattice relaxation time (T1) by up to 39 % in vitro. Measurements with ZA and ZAd on subcutaneous MAT B III adenocarcinoma in rats show that deuteration increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by up to 46 % in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof of concept for real‐time imaging of dynamic pH changes in vitro using ZAd, potentially allowing for the characterization of rapid acidification/basification processes in vivo.
Circularly Polarised Luminescence from Helically Chiral “Confused” N,N,O,C‐Boron‐Chelated Dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs)
Authors: Clarke Rebecca , Ho Kin Lok , Alsimaree Abdulrahman Abdullah , Woodford Owen J. , Waddell Paul G. , Bogaerts Jonathan , Herrebout Wouter , Knight Julian G. , Pal Robert , Penfold Thomas J. , Hall Michael J.
Published: July 2017

Chiral organic fluorophores have significant promise in the development of efficient emitters of circularly polarized light. Herein we describe a helically chiral boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with a hitherto unreported N,N,O,C‐boron‐chelation motif, synthesised by means of a one‐pot boron metathesis, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), Suzuki coupling, boron chelation, cascade reaction. Resolution of the racemic BODIPY (by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase) allowed examination of the chiroptical properties of the resulting enantiomers (λmax(abs)=593 nm, λmax(em)=622 nm, ϵ=30 000 m−1 cm−1, φF=0.49, |glum|=3.7×10−3 (hexane)). This is the first example of circularly polarised emission from a non‐C2‐symmetric helically chiral N,N,O,C‐BODIPY and as such provides a valuable benchmark for future developments in this compound series.
Retinal pigment epithelium adenoma in vitreous fluid cytology
Authors: John Sandhya , Lew Madelyn
Published: July 2017

Ocular cytology specimens are relatively uncommon, adding to the difficulty of their evaluation by cytopathologists. While melanomas account for a majority of primary intraocular pigmented lesions, other diagnostic considerations must be included in the differential. This brief report highlights a case of a pigmented ocular lesion in a 24‐year‐old man and key morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical differences between melanoma, melanocytoma, choroidal nevus, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) adenoma.
Progression of skin autofluorescence of AGEs over 4 years in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rajaobelina Kalina , Helmer Catherine , Vélayoudom‐Céphise Fritz‐Line , Nov Sovanndany , Farges Blandine , Pupier Emilie , Blanco Laurence , Hugo Marie , Gin Henri , Rigalleau Vincent
Published: July 2017

Background

The deposit of advanced glycation end‐products is involved in diabetic complications. It can be evaluated by measuring the skin autofluorescence (sAF). We searched whether sAF progressed over 4 years in type 1 diabetes and analysed its relationship with the development of nephropathy.

Methods

Two measurements of skin autofluorescence (sAF) were completed on 154 patients during years 2009 and 2013. Baseline factors associated with the progression of sAF were analysed by multivariate regression analysis. The relations among sAF progression, microalbuminuria, and impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analysed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The patients were 51 ± 16 years old, with duration of diabetes of 23 ± 13 years, HbA1c: 7.7 ± 1.0%, 20.7% were treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

The sAF progressed by +18.1% over 4 years. Two interacting (P = .04) variables were associated with the later progression of sAF: mildly impaired eGFR and treatment by CSII. The patients with mildly impaired eGFR had the highest progression of sAF (+11.5% P = .01). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was associated with a reduced progression of sAF in patients without kidney impairment (ß = −7.2%, P = .01). A +10% progression of sAF during the follow‐up was associated with more microalbuminuria: OR = 1.45, P = .02, and more mildly impaired eGFR (<90 mL/min/1.73 m2): OR 1.22, P = .03 at 4 years of follow‐up.

Conclusions

The skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end‐products progresses in patients with type 1 diabetes, more if they have diabetic nephropathy, less if they are treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. This progression is associated with the development of nephropathy.