bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“To Pound a Vicious Typewriter”: Hemingway’s Corona # 3
Authors: Madsen Diane Gilbert
Published: June 2013

Hemingway fell in love with the Corona #3 typewriter Hadley Richardson gave him in 1921. He wrote a poem to it, used it as his analyst, and took it with him from Paris to Key West to Cuba, where it resides at the Museo Hemingway in San Francisco de Paula, Cuba. The portable Corona was instrumental in his becoming an international correspondent and globetrotting author of a new kind of fiction. This essay looks at Hemingway’s relationship to the now lost world of the manual typewriter.
Agassiz or Darwin: Faith and Science in Hemingway’s High School Zoology Class
Authors: Roos Michael
Published: June 2013

An unresolved tension between faith and reason prevails in Hemingway’s work, but to fully comprehend this tension, we must first lay to rest the common misperception that his years at Oak Park High School lacked any significant introduction to Darwinian evolutionary theory and were instead dominated by the anti-evolutionary teachings of Louis Agassiz. This essay presents clear evidence to the contrary: Hemingway did indeed receive extensive exposure to Darwinian science in his high school zoology class in 1915–16. The truth lies in the very Darwinian textbook for the class as well as the fascinating laboratory notebook Hemingway kept for the course, which has gone largely unnoticed in the Monroe County Public Library in Key West.
Hemingway in Madeira in 1954
Authors: Monteiro George
Published: June 2013

On 15 June 1954, on its way west across the Atlantic, the Italian ship Francesco Morosini made a brief stop at Funchal on the Portuguese island of Madeira. Among the ship’s passengers were Ernest Hemingway and his wife, Mary Welsh Hemingway. The next day—June 16 th —the Madeira newspaper O Diário de Notícias , published a front-page piece about the world-famous Hemingway. Signed “A.R.,” this piece is new to Hemingway bibliography.
Imperatores castra dedicaverunt: Security, Army Bases, and Military Dispositions in Later Roman Egypt (Late Third-Fourth Century)
Authors: Pollard Nigel
Published: June 2013

This study takes a fully integrated archaeological and documentary approach to examine major themes in the security of later Roman Egypt and the responses to those issues by Diocletian (284-305) and his tetrarchic colleagues at the turn of the third to fourth century. It argues that tetrarchic reforms there were essentially pragmatic and diverse, responding to a variety of challenges rather than being monocausal, as some scholars have suggested, and demonstrates that they were spread over several decades rather concentrated in a single moment, such as Diocletian's visit to Egypt in 298. Whereas Diocletian's reforms are often presented as a radical departure from the Principate, reassessment suggests a substantial degree of continuity, deriving in part from continuity in the physical and human geography of Egypt. Discussion here first examines the crises of security that Egypt underwent in the last decades of the third century, including external invasion, frontier conflicts with nomads, and internal revolt, then considers the responses to those crises enacted by Diocletian and his colleagues, in terms of the forts and fortresses of the tetrarchic period and military dispositions known through documentary sources such as contemporary papyri and the later Notitia dignitatum . Concluding remarks offer a brief evaluation of the functions of the Roman army in fourth-century Egypt.
Mortuary Workers, the Church, and the Funeral Trade in Late Antiquity
Authors: Bond Sarah E.
Published: June 2013

Within the city of Constantinople, Constantine organized numerous funeral workers into associations overseen by a bishop, as part of a scheme meant to provide burials for all who needed them within the city. The funeral workers were given special exemptions and clerical status in return for their services. Constantine's model was imitated in other cities within the eastern Mediterranean and, as a result, established new urban patronage networks. The newly elevated funeral professionals were liminal men, between the commercial and clerical worlds and dependent on bishops for their employment and status. Some bishops exploited this dependency by using funeral workers as personal militias. Inscriptions and legal evidence also point to the increasing influence of the church in the funeral trade. Although Constantine envisioned a city that exemplified the Christian belief in provision of burial to all, his scheme had numerous unintended consequences. Investigation of these funeral associations reveals the role of the bishop as a patron, funeral director, and businessman during the Late Roman Empire and better defines the involvement of the church in the funeral trade in Late Antiquity.
Hymns as Acclamations: The Case of Ambrose of Milan
Authors: Williams Michael Stuart
Published: June 2013

The hymns of Ambrose of Milan may usefully be seen in the context of other forms of rhythmic chant and song found in the social world of the Roman Empire: above all, they may be connected with popular songs and with acclamations, whether theatrical, political, or religious. Ambrose's hymns in particular share with songs and acclamations a number of formal features, being regular in form and based on accentual stress patterns rather than quantitative meter, and being similarly intended for popular and untrained participation. The most important parallel, however, lies in what may be called their function or effect: for just as did songs and acclamations, Ambrose's hymns demonstrated and articulated the unity of a diverse population by allowing the constituents to express themselves in a single voice. What the hymns may have lacked in spontaneity—being complex and pre-composed—they gained in direction and discipline, so that Ambrose was able to exploit the unity and harmony of his congregation in support of his own political and religious aims. Ambrose's hymns thus reconfigured songs and acclamations as a means of establishing and promoting a Milanese Christian identity and of affirming his own popular authority and legitimacy.
Theoderic's Invincible Mustache
Authors: Arnold Jonathan J.
Published: June 2013

The mustachioed visage of Theoderic the Great featured on the commemorative triple solidus known as the Senigallia Medallion has inspired much commentary. Latin, after all, lacked a word for this style of facial hair, and Romans, it is frequently claimed, did not wear mustaches without beards. Some scholars of Late Antiquity thus have interpreted Theoderic's mustache as a marker of his ethnic identity, a defiant and deliberate expression of Gothicness in an otherwise Roman and imperial portrait. This view can be challenged. Thorough examination of literary and artistic evidence demonstrates that lone mustaches were rare among Goths and, moreover, not unique to their culture. A number of ancient and early medieval peoples were mustachioed, and despite scholarly claims to the contrary, many Romans, including certain emperors, were as well. A strictly Gothic, Germanic, or non-Roman reading of Theoderic's facial hair thus proves quite difficult to maintain. And even if the Romans of Italy did view Theoderic's mustache as a sign of Gothicness, such an association appears to have posed little threat to the imperial and Roman claims of the Senigallia Medallion; indeed, it actually complemented them.
Anger and Adjudication: The Political Relevance of De ira dei
Authors: Meinking Kristina A.
Published: June 2013

Written perhaps in 316 CE, Lactantius' De ira dei touched upon issues of direct contemporary relevance. Foremost among these were questions relevant to imperial deportment and authority: as the emperor, Constantine held the position of the highest judge, but as a Christian, this position had to be ceded to the Christian God. One's model for the Christian God further influenced one's resolution of this tension, for it could dictate the appropriate actions and reactions as well as the proper procedures for the adjudication of religious offenses. The oft-studied Donatist controversy demonstrates how these more abstract ideas had an impact upon contemporary political and religious decisions. In Constantine's handling of that controversy, we see the effects of Lactantius' arguments in De ira dei . Further, the model that Lactantius proposes for the resolution of divine anger has a clear ancestor in Roman religious thought. As an advocate of a classical Roman idea of kingship and the relationship between god and mortals, the Christian apologist shows himself to run counter to established trends.
The Palestinian Earthquake of May 363 in Philostorgius, the Syriac Chronicon miscellaneum , and the Letter Attributed to Cyril on the Rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple
Authors: Levenson David B.
Published: June 2013

Of the sources that report the Palestinian earthquake of 363, only an eighth-century fragment of the fifth-century Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, the seventh-century Syriac Chronicon miscellaneum , and the (probably) fifth-century letter attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem on the rebuilding of the Temple record details of destruction outside Jerusalem. Analysis of these texts establishes a close but indirect connection among them, made even clearer by a new reading of the manuscript correcting an error in the standard edition of the Syriac chronicle, which inaccurately reports the textual evidence for the date of the earthquake. The most likely source of the information about the earthquake is the hypothetical Arian (Homoean) History, probably written in Antioch in the 370s, in which the earthquake was seen as punishment for the Palestinian cities that persecuted Christians in the reign of Julian, and is thus to be understood in the wider context of the debate over the reign of Julian between Antiochene Christians and pagans, such as Libanius, who interpreted the catastrophe as announcing and mourning the emperor's death. That Antiochene tradition, represented by John Chrysostom, Ammianus, and Theophanes, does not mention an earthquake in connection with the failure of Julian's attempt to rebuild the Temple suggests that the earthquake that hit the Palestinian cities and the fire that stopped the rebuilding of the Temple could be circulated and debated as independent events, raising the possibility that it was Christian tradition that conflated them, producing the early and widespread tradition that both an earthquake and a fire stopped Julian's project.
Minding the Minders: Overseeing the Brokerage System in Qing China
Authors: Lufrano Richard
Published: June 2013

The Qing dynasty’s predilection for using extra-bureaucratic groups to govern the empire is well known. Yet the interests of these groups and those of dynastic officials did not always coincide, and officials often lacked the resources to resolve conflicts when they arose. This article explores how these limitations were overcome in the case of one extra-bureaucratic group, brokers. Lacking other means, officials forged a relationship with merchants, workshop owners, and others hurt by brokers’ illegal behavior. As people with a stake in established society and well-ordered markets, these stakeholders petitioned officials to notify them promptly when brokers acted abusively. They requested that the officials issue prohibitions and allow their carving on stelae. The stelae erected strategically in local communities extended the reach of the dynasty, demonstrated popular support for the dynasty, and frequently authorized the stakeholders to report future abuses. While it certainly did not eliminate all abuses, this relationship prevented brokers from dominating local markets and competing with the dynasty for economic surplus.
Scamming the Purchase-of-Rank System in Qing China
Authors: McNicholas Mark
Published: June 2013

The Qing purchase-of-rank ( juanna ) system was a site of criminal activities including forgery of jiansheng (imperial university student) licenses and similar credentials associated with the cult of Confucius. Case records reflect the intersection of status hunger, market networks, and political authority. Typical offenders were small-time middlemen who promised to make contributions by proxy but kept the silver and gave their victims bogus licenses. The state needed revenue and could not tolerate forgery of official documents, a serious political transgression. Crime narratives and sentencing recommendations reflected both imperatives, often depicting contributors as ignorant victims and counterfeiters as scoundrels who deserved death.
Breast-feeding beyond Infancy and Child Nutritional Status in India and its Regions
Authors: Dwivedi Laxmi Kant
Published: June 2013

The benefits of breast-feeding are well-documented in literature, especially in terms of the growth of the child during the first few months of life. However, a close examination of the literature related to extended breast-feeding suggests that breast-feeding beyond 12 months of age in developing countries is associated with a greater risk for under-nutrition, as defined by lower weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height. The central hypothesis of this study is to determine the effects of extended breastfeeding on the anthropometric measurements of children in India and its regions using cross-sectional National Family Health Survey-2 data. A simulative approach has been adopted in the paper to find out the effects of extended breast-feeding. Results suggest that extended breast-feeding without supplementary diet was not beneficial for children of all the regions of India. The effect of different extended durations (12-17 months and 18-23 months) of breast-feeding with supplements did not show any significantly different impact on the anthropometric measurements of child health. Further, results suggest that breast-feeding beyond 23 months, along with supplements, has a significantly negative impact on child health. The magnitude of different anthropometric measurements according to different durations of breast-feeding suggests that breast-feeding beyond 23 months is not beneficial.
Circulating Fragments of N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptides in Plasma of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Foo Jared Yong Yang , Wan Yunxia , Schulz Benjamin L , Kostner Karam , Atherton John , Cooper-White Justin , Dimeski Goce , Punyadeera Chamindie
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

The use of nonstandardized N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assays can contribute to the misdiagnosis of heart failure (HF). Moreover, there is yet to be established a common consensus regarding the circulating forms of NT-proBNP being used in current assays. We aimed to characterize and quantify the various forms of NT-proBNP in the circulation of HF patients.

METHODS

Plasma samples were collected from HF patients (n = 20) at rest and stored at −80 °C. NT-proBNP was enriched from HF patient plasma by use of immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analysis. Customized homogeneous sandwich AlphaLISA® immunoassays were developed and validated to quantify 6 fragments of NT-proBNP.

RESULTS

Mass spectrometry identified the presence of several N- and C-terminally processed forms of circulating NT-proBNP, with physiological proteolysis between Pro2-Leu3, Leu3-Gly4, Pro6-Gly7, and Pro75-Arg76. Consistent with this result, AlphaLISA immunoassays demonstrated that antibodies targeting the extreme N or C termini measured a low apparent concentration of circulating NT-proBNP. The apparent circulating NT-proBNP concentration was increased with antibodies targeting nonglycosylated and nonterminal epitopes (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In plasma collected from HF patients, immunoreactive NT-proBNP was present as multiple N- and C-terminally truncated fragments of the full length NT-proBNP molecule. Immunodetection of NT-proBNP was significantly improved with the use of antibodies that did not target these terminal regions. These findings support the development of a next generation NT-proBNP assay targeting nonterminal epitopes as well as avoiding the central glycosylated region of this molecule.
Direct embeddings of relatively hyperbolic groups with optimal ℓ
p
compression exponent
Authors: Hume David
Published: July 2013

We prove that for all p > 1, every relatively hyperbolic group has ℓ
p
compression exponent equal to the minimum of the exponents of its maximal peripheral subgroups. This improves results of Dadarlat–Guentner and Dreesen. As a first step we give a direct geometric proof that hyperbolic groups have ℓ
p
compression exponent 1, independent of those given by Bonk–Schramm, Buyalo–Dranishnikov–Schroeder, Gal and Tessera.
The use of an anti-inflammatory supplement in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Moreillon Jennifer J. , Bowden Rodney G. , Deike Erika , Griggs Jackson , Wilson Ron , Shelmadine Brian , Cooke Matt , Beaujean Alexander
Published: July 2013

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a continuous reduction in kidney function, increased inflammation, and reduced antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a herbal supplement on systemic inflammation and antioxidant status in non-dialysis CKD patients. Sixteen patients with CKD (56.0±16.0 yrs, 171.4±11.9 cm, 99.3±20.2 kg) were randomly chosen to receive a herbal supplement composed of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata, or placebo. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Baseline data demonstrated elevated inflammation and low antioxidant levels. A significant time effect (p=0.03) and time x compliance interaction effect (p=0.04) were observed for IL-6. No significant differences were observed for any other variables. This study demonstrates that mild and moderate CKD is associated with chronic inflammation and low antioxidant activity. Systemic inflammation and impaired antioxidant status may be greater in CKD populations with multiple comorbidities. Curcumin and Boswellia serrata are safe and tolerable and helped to improve the levels of an inflammatory cytokine.
Are conduits superconductor-like and supported by tetrahedra structure of hyaluronic matrix in living systems? New perspectives
Authors: Fromknecht Rainer , Goncalves Mario , Greten Henry Johannes , Machado Jorge
Published: July 2013

All biological–medical treatments need a ground regulation in the intermeshed control loop system in animate matter. The focus of our contribution is to suggest a possible mechanism in this interconnected system that will work in order to supply/assist a higher ordered servo loop. Bonghan ducts indicate similarities to so-called meridians or conduits that are the central part in Chinese Medicine for the energy Qi. It is assumed that the nervous system demands a highly redundant and rapid communication system (RCS) probably established via the extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggered by a threshold value for the entire body. Metabolic processes could work in the picosecond’s range while the nervous system is on the time scale at least one order of magnitude lower; probably most of them in the millisecond range. Long-range coherent electromagnetic phenomena and recent experiments indicate a structured superconducting-like system with the Josephson-effect behavior in biological systems. In the ECM are the components proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (PG/GAGs) and among them the ubiquitarian hyaluronic acid plays probably an important role and can behave as liquid crystals while the charge transport is performed via proton “jumping” in the proton-chains. Therefore, the water molecules have to be confident on a nanometer scale, lowering their energy states, and set up a phase transition with a rapid jumping of the protons through the water–carbon-chains. These partial chains could probably be modeled by tiny pyramids of the atoms. We propose that in order to set up those long-range coherent effects, a vortex is created. By doing Qi Gong, an energetic vortex through the body is established and the entire body can be modeled by two-base plane-faced pyramids acting as a tunable cavity resonator obeying electrodynamics laws. Therefore, the phenomenon’s of pyramids should be considered in animate and inanimate matter in order to achieve long-range coherent effects, which by now controversially discussed and to go new ways to come over the clutter.
Complete Preservation of the Mitral Valve Apparatus during Mitral Valve Replacement for Rheumatic Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with an Enlarged Left Ventricular Chamber
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Baicheng , Hao Jia , Wang Xuefeng , Ma Ruiyan , Cheng Wei , Qin Chuan , Xiao Yingbin
Published: July 2013

Background and Aims: The merits of retaining the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement (MVR) for chronic mitral regurgitation have been demonstrated in clinical investigations. This study was to investigate the feasibility of total preservation of the leaflet and subvalvular apparatus at the native anatomic position during MVR in a rheumatic population with enlarged left ventricular chamber.

Material and Methods: The techniques of valvular apparatus preservation used during MVR with or without aortic valve replacement were investigated in 128 patients with an enlarged left ventricular chamber suffering from rheumatic mitral regurgitation between October 2003 and December 2007. Seventy patients had the anterior leaflet and subvalvular apparatus excised but the posterior leaflet and subvlvular apparatus preserved during the mitral valve replacement (P-MVR group), and 58 patients had the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets and the subvalvalur apparatus completely preserved at the native anatomical position during the mitral valve replacement (C-MVR group). Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, at discharge, and after 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years to determine the left ventricular dimensions and function.

Results: There were 2 cases (3.4%) of early death in the C-MVR group, and there were 4 cases (5.7%) of early death in the P-MVR group. There were 3 cases of late death 1 year after surgery, of which 1 case in the C-MVR group was caused by congestive heart failure and the other 2 cases in the P-MVR group were due to sudden death. Both groups exhibited significant improvement (P < .05) in left ventricular function instantly and late postoperatively. The reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was more significant in the C-MVR group as compared to the P-MVR group (P < .05). A statistically significant increase in fractional shortening (FS) occurred in the C-MVR group compared to the P-MVR group.

Conclusion: This study shows that complete mitral leaflet preservation at the native anatomical position during MVR is feasible in rheumatic patients with an enlarged left ventricular chamber and confers significant short-term and long-term advantages by preserving left ventricular function and geometry. Therefore, it is a safe, simple, and effective surgical technique and should be individualized during clinical use.
Right Atrium Clot Formation following Percutaneous Transmitral Valvuloplasty
Authors: Salehi Negar , Abdi Seyfollah , Esmailzadeh Maryam , Movasaghi Naser , Abadi Mojdeh Nasiri-Ahmad , Vakili-Zarch Anoushiravan
Published: July 2013

This case report describes a rare complication of percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy (PTMC). A patient with severe mitral stenosis developed a clot in the right atrium after an unsuccessful PTMC procedure. Because of the high risk of thromboembolism, the patient underwent urgent surgery to remove the clot and to replace the mitral valve with a mechanical prosthesis.
Use of a Totally Artificial Heart for a Complex Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Knezevic Ivan , Jelenc Matija , Danojevic Nenad , Racic Manca , Poglajen Gregor , Ksela Jus , Androcec Vesna , Mesar Tomaz , Mikuz Ursa , Vrtovec Bojan
Published: July 2013

The incidence of cardiac rupture complicating myocardial infarction has declined since the introduction of thrombolytic therapy. Despite the advances in the management of myocardial infarction, cardiac rupture remains an important cause of death among infarction-related fatalities. We discuss a patient who presented to our hospital with myocardial infarction and who subsequently developed a complex ventricular septal rupture, for which surgical repair was not feasible. Implantation of a CardioWest Total Artificial Heart (SynCardia Systems) allowed for immediate hemodynamic stabilization and served as a bridge to transplantation.
A Case of Primary Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma with Surgical Removal and Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Kehlibar Tamer , Arslan Ismail Yucesin , Yilmaz Hale Yaka , Tarhan Ibrahim Arif , Ozler Azmi
Published: July 2013

Primary cardiac tumors are rare. Nearly 25% of primary cardiac tumors are malignant, with rhabdomyosarcoma being the second most common primary sarcoma. Symptoms are variable, and the clinical presentation depends on the location and propagation of the tumor. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography are preliminary tests in diagnosing the disease. Echocardiographic findings should be supported by other imaging methods. In appropriate cases, surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is suggested. We present a case of primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma with surgical removal and mitral valve repair.
Maintenance of Interphase Chromosome Compaction and Homolog Pairing in Drosophila Is Regulated by the Condensin Cap-H2 and Its Partner Mrg15
Authors: Smith Helen F , Roberts Meredith A , Nguyen Huy Q , Peterson Maureen , Hartl Tom A , Wang Xiao-Jun , Klebba Joseph E , Rogers Gregory C , Bosco Giovanni
Published: July 2013

Dynamic regulation of chromosome structure and organization is critical for fundamental cellular processes such as gene expression and chromosome segregation. Condensins are conserved chromosome-associated proteins that regulate a variety of chromosome dynamics, including axial shortening, lateral compaction, and homolog pairing. However, how the in vivo activities of condensins are regulated and how functional interactors target condensins to chromatin are not well understood. To better understand how Drosophila melanogaster condensin is regulated, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the chromo-barrel domain protein Mrg15 to interact with the Cap-H2 condensin subunit. Genetic interactions demonstrate that Mrg15 function is required for Cap-H2-mediated unpairing of polytene chromosomes in ovarian nurse cells and salivary gland cells. In diploid tissues, transvection assays demonstrate that Mrg15 inhibits transvection at Ubx and cooperates with Cap-H2 to antagonize transvection at yellow. In cultured cells, we show that levels of chromatin-bound Cap-H2 protein are partially dependent on Mrg15 and that Cap-H2-mediated homolog unpairing is suppressed by RNA interference depletion of Mrg15. Thus, maintenance of interphase chromosome compaction and homolog pairing status requires both Mrg15 and Cap-H2. We propose a model where the Mrg15 and Cap-H2 protein–protein interaction may serve to recruit Cap-H2 to chromatin and facilitates compaction of interphase chromatin.
Captura de Desmodus rotundus em regiões de mata e manguezais do Estado do Maranhão: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Arruda Roberto C.N. , Barçante Thales A. , Peconick Ana Paula , Pereira Stela M. , Souza José C.P. , Sousa Ticiana M. , Barçante Joziana M.P.
Published: July 2013

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos investigar o número de capturas e o controle do morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus, em pequenas propriedades localizadas no município de Cedral no estado do Maranhão, que foi escolhido por ter sido efetuado o maior número de capturas do estado, sendo todas ao redor de currais. O controle oficial é realizado pela aplicação de pasta vampiricida de uso tópico a base de warfarina a 2%. Para o estudo foram utilizadas fichas de controle de morcegos hematófagos capturados em currais, como também, foi aplicado um questionário a campo para identificação dos locais com maior número de capturas. No período de 2005 a 2010 foram estudados os resultados de 223 buscas ativas por D. rotundus, em 101 propriedades. Foi capturado um total de 408 morcegos hematófagos, distribuídos em 190 das 223 buscas. Em todos os espécimes de D. rotundus capturados foi realizado o tratamento, que consistiu na aplicação da pasta vampiricida, no dorso do animal. Nas propriedades estudadas, verificou-se que dos 754 animais expostos, 344 foram agredidos. Destes, os bovinos foram a maior oferta de alimento aos Desmodus (49%), seguidos dos equídeos (18%), aves (15%), suínos (9%) e caprinos (8%). Apesar dos bovinos terem sido os mais atacados, em função do efetivo disponível, verificou-se uma preferência dos morcegos hematófagos por eqüídeos. As falhas nas capturas ocorreram onde havia poucos animais agredidos. Após análise de seis anos de realização do programa de controle com pasta vampiricida, verificou-se que a proporção de macho e fêmeas de D. rotundus capturados foi 1,08 machos para cada fêmea, o que demonstra que o tratamento foi mais efetivo nas fêmeas, uma vez que no primeiro ano do estudo, a proporção era de 1,21 fêmeas para cada macho. Verificou-se ainda que o controle foi realizado com sucesso em 95% das propriedades trabalhadas, com uma média de tempo de três anos de trabalho com até seis capturas por propriedade. Ao exame dos animais agredidos verificou-se que a área do pescoço dos grandes animais e dos caprinos são as mais atingidas, sugerindo o pouso direto dos morcegos sobre o animal. Uma representação pequena dos proprietários entrevistados vacinavam seus animais (57%), e destes apenas um fazia o reforço de vacinação. Concluiu-se que nas regiões de mangue e/ou matas, o controle foi efetivo nas capturas em currais, sendo prudente verificar a ocorrência de novas agressões, dentro de 15 dias e nos primeiros três meses. No planejamento de controle de D. rotundus em curral, deve ser considerado que o número de morcegos capturados é semelhante ao número de mordidas recentes. Em relação às criações domésticas de subsistências, D. rotundus se alimenta de fontes distintas, com uma menor predileção pelas aves.
Efficacy of the d-phenothrin/pyriproxyfen association against mites in naturally co-infested rabbits
Authors: Fernandes Julio I. , Verocai Guilherme G. , Ribeiro Francisco A. , Melo Raquel M.P.S. , Correia Thaís R. , Coumendouros Katherina , Scott Fabio B.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the d-phenothrin/pyriproxyfen association against Psoroptes ovis, Cheyletiella parasitivorax, and Leporacarus gibbus infestations in naturally co-infested rabbits. Twenty crossbreed (New Zealand White x California) rabbits concurrently infested by the three mite species were randomly divided in two groups. All rabbits presented with hyperemia, erythema and formation of crusts in the ear canals caused by P. ovis. Infestations by both C. parasitivorax and L. gibbus were considered asymptomatic in all animals.Ten animals were treated with a 4.4% d-phenothrin and 0.148% pyriproxyfen spray formulation until have their body surface uniformly sprayed, including external ear canals. The other ten rabbits remained untreated, serving as control group. Observations were done on days +7, +14, +21, +28, and +35 post-treatment. The d-phenothrin/pyriproxyfen association showed 100% efficacy against the three mite species and was responsible for the remission of psoroptic mange lesions on treated animals. No signs of intoxication were observed. The results indicate that d-phenothrin/pyriproxyfen spray formulation in a single application is an effective and clinically safe option for the control of different mite infestations in rabbits.
Anticorpos revelados pelo teste de inibição do crescimento de leptospiras in vitro (TICL) contra os sorovares Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Copenhageni em cães adultos revacinados anualmente com vacina comercial contendo bacterinas dos sorovares Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa e Pomona
Authors: Rodrigues Angela M.A. , Vasconcelos Silvio A. , Gonçales Amane P. , Moraes Zenaide M. de , Souza Gisele O. de , Hagiwara Mitika K.
Published: July 2013

Na atualidade, o sorovar Copenhageni é o representante do sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae, mantido por roedores sinantrópicos, que tem prevalecido nos cães e seres humanos das grandes metrópoles brasileiras. A despeito de alguns autores sugerirem a existência de proteção cruzada entre sorovares incluídos em um mesmo sorogrupo esta condição ainda não foi suficientemente esclarecida para os sorovares Icterohaemorrhagiae e Copenhageni. No presente trabalho cães adultos com dois a seis anos de idade primo-vacinados com três doses intervaladas de 30 dias a partir dos 60 dias de idade e revacinados anualmente com vacina anti-leptospirose polivalente contendo os sorovares Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa e Pomona foram revacinados com a mesma vacina e aos 30 dias da revacinação foram submetidos aos testes de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e de inibição do crescimento de leptospiras in vitro (TICL), para avaliação comparativa dos níveis de anticorpos produzidos para os sorovares Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Copenhageni. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a imunidade conferida pela vacina para o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae é mais duradoura que a observada para o sorovar Canicola, já que títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes >1,0 log10 foram observados antes do reforço vacinal não havendo substancial aumento após a revacinação. Quanto ao sorovar Canicola, a revacinação resultou em considerável aumento do título de anticorpos neutralizantes quando comparado ao momento anterior a revacinação (p=0,001). A análise dos valores encontrados após a revacinação demonstrou claramente que cães revacinados com bacterina produzida com o sorovar Icterohaermorrhagiae não apresentam aumento do título de anticorpos inibidores do crescimento contra o sorovar Copenhageni, em nível suficiente para inibir o crescimento de leptospiras. Apesar disso, os títulos de anticorpos inibidores de crescimento anti-Copenhageni encontrados antes e após a revacinação demonstraram que, pelo menos certo grau de proteção contra a infecção por esse sorovar pode ser esperado para os cães vacinados com bacterinas do sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, não sendo, no entanto, uma proteção cruzada completa.
Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia
Authors: Santos Roberta V. , Merlini Natalie B. , Souza Livia P. , Machado Vânia M.V. , Pantoja José Carlos de Figueiredo , Prestes Nereu C.
Published: July 2013

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a hemodinâmica renal de cadelas com piometra por meio de exames laboratoriais, ultrassonografia Modo B e Doppler, antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico com ovariosanpigohisterectomia (OSH). Foram utilizadas 30 cadelas com diagnóstico de piometra, todas foram submetidas a OSH (momento 1) e 20 foram reavaliadas sete dias após a cirurgia (momento 2). A perfusão renal, o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal e de cada artéria interlobar (cranial, média e caudal) foi estatisticamente diferente entre os momentos 1 e 2 (p<0,05). Não foi observada diferença estatística para a perfusão renal entre o rim direito e esquerdo no momento 1 e 2. As correlações entre o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal e as variáveis utilizadas para verificar a função renal foram estabelecidas no momento 1. Para as variáveis correlacionadas ureia, creatinina, proteinúria, relação GGT/creatinina e proteína/creatinina ocorreram associações curvilíneas e positivas com o índice de resistividade da artéria renal principal (p<0,05), no entanto essas correlações foram consideradas de média e fracas. Ao comparar o IR da artéria renal principal com diferentes escores de desidratação e perfusão renal, este foi estatisticamente diferente, e demonstrou aumento da resistência renal em cadelas com moderada redução da perfusão renal, assim como em cadelas desidratadas. Foram avaliadas diversas características de morfologia renal na ultrassonografia Modo B, no entanto, somente as variáveis presença de dilatação de pelve, sinal da medular e outras alterações como áreas de infartos e pontos hiperecogênicos difusos na cortical e medular renal foram estatisticamente distintas de um momento para o outro, com maior frequência no momento 2. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstram que a ultrassonografia Doppler pode identificar alterações de redução na perfusão renal, por meio do Doppler colorido e o aumento do índice de resistividade das artérias renais em cadelas com piometra. Assim como, a ultrassonografia modo B, embora apresente alterações inespecíficas, pode detectar alterações renais progressivas em cadelas com piometra.
Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria do tegumento da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro
Authors: Isola José G.M.P. , Moraes Paola C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Machado Márcia R.F.
Published: July 2013

Considerando-se a falta de informações detalhadas sobre a morfologia da paca, sendo o segundo maior roedor da fauna brasileira, de excelente qualidade de carne e, dada a importância do tegumento comum, inclusive para o bom manejo em cativeiro, e até mesmo estudos como uma opção de animal de experimentação, descreveu-se a morfologia, morfometria e a ultraestrutura da pele de oito pacas (Cuniculus paca) machos e fêmeas, mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões cervical, dorsal e medial do carpo. Observaram-se macroscopicamente as características da pelagem. Parte dos segmentos das regiões cutâneas foi analisada à microscopia de luz e parte, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensuraram-se as espessuras da derme, epiderme, camada córnea, perfis das fibras de colágeno da derme reticular e a área dos perfis das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas. Analisaram-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva e teste "T" (p<0,001). A coloração da pelagem da paca é castanho avermelhado com cerdas organizadas em grupos. A arquitetura da cútis e os anexos cutâneos se assemelham aos dos mamíferos em geral, embora haja ausência de glândulas sudoríparas. De acordo com a analise morfométrica, pôde-se inferir que a arquitetura da cútis de pacas machos e fêmeas apresenta diferenças quando comparada entre os sexos e também em um mesmo animal, diferenciando-se entre diversas regiões corpóreas.
Escola compulsória inglesa: história e historiografia
Authors: Gouvêa Maria Cristina Soares de
Published: July 2013

O estudo da implementação da escola obrigatória ao final do século XIX revela um fenômeno transnacional, em que os mais distintos países ocidentais construíram sistemas de ensino voltados para a universalização da educação elementar. No interior deste quadro, a Inglaterra apresenta um percurso característico, tendo sido um dos últimos países europeus a afirmar a escolarização da infância como dever das famílias e obrigação do Estado, embora constituísse a mais importante nação naquele período. Tendo como fonte o estudo das obras e periódicos científicos ingleses e europeus do campo da história e história da educação, busca-se analisar os referenciais historiográficos da produção inglesa sobre o tema, bem como apresentar o percurso histórico de legitimação da intervenção do Estado na instrução elementar. Na análise deste percurso tem-se como foco os projetos de acesso à instrução e cultura letrada desenvolvidos pelos distintos atores sociais, notadamente Estado, Igrejas e as classes trabalhadoras, ao longo do século XIX, na tensão entre a intervenção do Estado e o ideário liberal.
Afeto, proximidade, frequência e uma clínica hesitante: bases do "vínculo" entre pacientes com síndrome de Down e a Atenção Primária à Saúde?
Authors: Fontanella Bruno José Barcellos , Setoue Cesar Seiji , Melo Débora Gusmão
Published: July 2013

A Política Nacional de Atenção Integral em Genética Clínica preconiza que famílias e indivíduos com doenças genéticas sejam acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Neste trabalho investigamos as representações sociais de profissionais que trabalham em Unidades de Saúde de Família (USF) sobre o "vínculo" entre eles e os pacientes com síndrome de Down, considerando que esta expressão concentra atualmente significados relevantes no cotidiano clinico e gerencial dos serviços. Dezesseis profissionais foram entrevistados, tendo a amostra sido fechada por saturação teórica. Os enunciados proferidos pelos participantes expressaram saberes baseados sobretudo nas ideias de habilidades afetivas, de proximidade física e de frequência de comparecimento dos pacientes às USF. Habilidades clínicas de outras dimensões, notadamente as cognitivas, não parecem fundamentar a noção de "vínculo". Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de educação profissional continuada e de estabelecimento de diretrizes e linhas de cuidado para as síndromes genéticas mais comuns no âmbito da APS.
Propriedades psicométricas do instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida: 12-item health survey (SF-12)
Authors: Silveira Marise Fagundes , Almeida Júlio César , Freire Rafael Silveira , Haikal Desirrê Sant'Ana , Martins Andrea Eleutério de Barros Lima
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do 12-ITEM HEALTH SURVEY (SF-12). Foram utilizados dados de um inquérito epidemiológico de saúde bucal realizado em 2008/2009 no município de Montes Claros (MG), constituído de 2157 indivíduos de ambos os sexos. A estrutura relacional do SF-12 foi avaliada pela Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), a confiabilidade foi avaliada através do coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi adotado para avaliar as correlações entre cada item do questionário e seus escores finais. A validade de constructo foi investigada através da comparação dos níveis dos escores dos componentes físico (PCS) e mental (MCS) do SF-12 entre subgrupos populacionais, utilizando-se os testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Os domínios PCS e MCS apresentaram médias, respectivamente, iguais a 49,6(9,0) e 51,9(8,6). O coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (α = 0.836) apresentou alto grau de confiabilidade. A estrutura relacional foi explicada por dois fatores latentes, responsáveis por 58,36% da variância total. As propriedades psicométricas do SF-12 sugerem que esse é um instrumento sensível para a avaliação de diferentes níveis de QV, é confiável, tem uma consistência interna satisfatória e possui uma rápida e fácil aplicação.
Inclusão social de pessoas com transtornos mentais: a construção de redes sociais na vida cotidiana
Authors: Salles Mariana Moraes , Barros Sônia
Published: July 2013

O suporte das redes sociais é um aspecto fundamental para a inclusão social de pessoas com transtornos mentais. Neste artigo buscou-se identificar e analisar as dificuldades e as possibilidades de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) em construir sua rede social ampliada. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa como metodologia de pesquisa e como referencial filosófico de suporte. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizada a teoria sobre o cotidiano de Ágnes Heller. Os sujeitos desta investigação foram usuários de CAPS e pessoas de sua rede social. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e para a apuração dos dados a Análise do Discurso. Foi identificado que mesmo vivendo na comunidade esta população muitas vezes está segregada, isolada da convivência com outras pessoas; ocorrendo o processo de exclusão social. Porém, o CAPS é um espaço de pertencimento e acolhimento, que inegavelmente produz mudanças favoráveis na vida dos usuários. As pessoas com transtornos mentais também têm conseguido se relacionar com os demais; utilizando as oportunidades disponíveis, eles fazem novos amigos e mantêm as amizades que já existiam. É justamente a convivência na comunidade que favorece a formação de relacionamentos.
Acessibilidade e resolubilidade da assistência em saúde mental: a experiência do apoio matricial
Authors: Quinderé Paulo Henrique Dias , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Nogueira Maria Sônia Lima , Costa Liduina Farias Almeida da , Vasconcelos Mardenia Gomes Ferreira
Published: July 2013

Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) têm também como finalidade articular ações de saúde mental no território, principalmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). O apoio matricial é uma das formas para esta articulação, pois objetiva assegurar retaguarda especializada às equipes de saúde. Diante disto, a pesquisa pretende compreender como as ações de matriciamento em saúde mental contribuem para a acessibilidade e a resolubilidade dos casos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada nas cidades de Fortaleza e Sobral, no Estado do Ceará, cujos sujeitos entrevistados foram 37 (trinta e sete) trabalhadores de saúde mental e da atenção primária, 14 (quatorze) usuários e 13 (treze) familiares que participaram das ações do apoio matricial. Conforme os resultados demonstraram os trabalhadores da APS não se sentem instrumentalizados para intervir nos casos de saúde mental. Existe uma precipitação nos encaminhamentos dos usuários para os CAPS, dificultando a acessibilidade da assistência em saúde mental. Porém, identificou-se que as discussões em saúde mental na atenção primária possibilitam a apropriação dos casos pelos trabalhadores da APS e promovem a aproximação entre as equipes. Deste modo influenciam na resolubilidade dos casos de saúde mental.
A identidade profissional do professor: um estudo de revisão sistemática
Authors: Gomes Patrícia Maria Silva , Ferreira Cátia Patrícia Pereira , Pereira Ana Luísa , Batista Paula Maria Fazendeiro
Published: July 2013

O presente estudo é uma revisão sistemática da literatura cujo objetivo foi cartografar a tipologia de estudos empíricos realizados acerca da Identidade Profissional do professor. A pesquisa foi efetuada nas bases de dados eletrônicas ISI Web of Knowledge, ERIC, SPORTDiscus e SCOPUS entre 2001 e 2012. As equações de pesquisa foram "Professional Identity" AND "Teacher", no campo título e "Professional Identity" AND "Teacher" AND "Physical Education", no campo "Abstract", tendo sido integrados 42 artigos. A análise de conteúdo, com categorias definidas "a priori", foi a técnica utilizada: a) foco do estudo; b) ano e local de publicação; c) objetivos; d) participantes; e) instrumentos e f) principais conclusões. Os resultados evidenciaram um aumento da pesquisa na área e nas metodologias qualitativas. Estas colocam o desenvolvimento profissional como elemento central no processo de (re)construção da Identidade Profissional, sendo que ao nível do professor de Educação Física a pesquisa ainda é escassa.
Insatisfação corporal e maturação biológica em atletas do sexo masculino
Authors: Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Almeida Sebastião Sousa , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo
Published: July 2013

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influência da maturação biológica na insatisfação corporal (IC) de jovens atletas do sexo masculino. Participaram da pesquisa 464 esportistas. A IC foi mensurada pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). A maturidade biológica foi estimada pela maturação somática. Peso, estatura e dobras cutâneas foram aferidos para calcular o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e estimar o percentual de gordura, respectivamente. Foram conduzidos testes estatísticos em "software" especializado para analisar os dados. Os resultados não evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as pontuações do BSQ segundo classificações de maturação somática. Por outro lado, identificaram-se diferenças de IMC e percentual de gordura entre estágios maturacionais (p < 0,05). Deste modo, concluiu-se que a IC dos jovens atletas não sofreu influência da maturação biológica.