bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of gluten intake on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases initiating biologics: Secondary analysis of the prospective multicentre BELIEVE cohort study
Authors: Gregersen Laura , Jessen Pernille Dyhre , Lund Helene Wiencke , Overgaard Silja Hvid , Hikmat Zainab , Ellingsen Torkell , Kjeldsen Jens , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Petersen Sofie Ronja , Jawhara Mohamad , Nexøe Anders Bathum , Bygum Anette , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Bergenheim Frederik Olof , Glerup Henning , Henriksen Rikke Holm , Guldmann Tanja , Hvid Lone , Brodersen Jacob , Munk Heidi Lausten , Pedersen Natalia , Saboori Sanaz , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Heitmann Berit Lillenthal , Haldorsson Thorhallur Ingi , Christensen Robin , Andersen Vibeke
Published: October 2024

Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) pose a growing healthcare challenge, with a substantial proportion of patients showing inadequate response to biological treatment. There is renewed interest in dietary changes to optimize treatment regimens, with a growing body of evidence suggesting beneficial effects with adherence to a gluten‐free diet. This study compared the likelihood of achieving clinical response to biological treatment after 14–16 weeks in patients with CID with high versus low‐to‐medium gluten intake. Secondary outcomes of interest included changes in disease activity, health‐related quality of life and C‐reactive protein. The study was a multicentre prospective cohort of 193 participants with a CID diagnosis (i.e. Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis or Psoriasis) who initiated biological treatment between 2017 and 2020. Participants were stratified based on their habitual gluten intake: the upper 33.3% (high gluten intake) and the remaining 66.6% (low‐to‐medium gluten intake). The proportion of patients achieving clinical response to biological treatment after 14–16 weeks was compared using logistic regression models. The median gluten intake differed significantly between groups (12.5 g/day vs. 5.9 g/day, standardized mean difference = 1.399). In total, 108 (56%) achieved clinical response to treatment, with no difference between 35 (55%) in the high gluten group and 73 (57%) in the medium‐to‐low gluten group (OR = 0.96 [0.51–1.79], p = 0.897). No differences were found with secondary outcomes. In conclusion, this study found no association between gluten intake and response to biological treatment in patients with CID.
How do we manage hyperhemolysis syndrome
Authors: Adkins Brian D. , Kaylani Samer Z. , Nero Alecia , Ibrahim Ibrahim F. , Shen Yu‐Min , Sarode Ravindra
Published: October 2024

Background

Hyperhemolysis syndrome (HHS) is a catastrophic anemia characterized by destruction of both donor and patient red blood cells (RBC). HHS occurs after transfusion and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in diagnosing and managing this process, we provide a detailed overview of our treatment protocol.

Study Design and Methods

Members of the Transfusion Medicine and Hematology faculty at our institution collaborated in an iterative process to produce a consensus approach to patients with HHS.

Results

We present diagnostic criteria for HHS: recent transfusion within past 7 days (up to 21 days), rapid hemoglobin decline to below the pretransfusion level (usually hemoglobin drop >25% from pretransfusion), a significant decrease in HbA% (in patients with sickle cell disease or beta thalassemia), low or decreasing reticulocyte count in a patient with worsening anemia, and laboratory evidence of hemolysis. We also describe an in‐depth approach to management focusing on optimizing hematopoiesis while dampening the immune response.

Conclusion

We provide a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and management of HHS based on contemporary literature and clinical experience designed to optimize outcomes for patients.
Reducing unnecessary outpatient group and screen testing at a regional cancer center
Authors: VanderMeulen Heather , Gupta Akash , Buckstein Rena , Kennedy James A. , Colavecchia Connie , Viveiros Jami‐Lynn , Lin Yulia
Published: October 2024

Background

Unnecessary group and screens (G&S) can lead to unnecessary antibody investigations, use of technologist time, and laboratory resources.

Local Problem

A baseline audit at our institution identified that 25% of G&S from the cancer center were unnecessary. We aimed to reduce the ratio of monthly G&S to CBC samples processed from the cancer center by 10% (from 0.034 to 0.031) by January 2024.

Methods

This represents an interrupted time series design from November 2022 to January 2024. Using Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles, we aimed to increase the use of an existing reflex testing system, termed “do not test.” When this option is selected, the blood bank will only process the G&S sample if specific CBC criteria are met (e.g., hemoglobin <9.0 g/dL). Educational sessions increased awareness of this feature and sought feedback from end‐users on its usability. With feedback, the design was updated to include a modifiable hemoglobin threshold for G&S testing, automatic re‐selection of the “do not test” feature for future G&S orders, and aesthetic changes to make the feature more visible.

Results

The percentage of samples with “do not test” selected increased from 7.2% to 63.0% (p < .0001) and the ratio of G&S to CBC specimens improved from 0.034 to 0.028, exceeding the target of 0.031. We noted an improvement in the appropriateness of G&S orders from 75% at baseline (n = 20) to 97.5% (n = 80) post intervention (p = .003).

Conclusions

We describe an effective strategy to improve G&S utilization at our institution's cancer center using a reflex testing system.
An uncertainty‐based evaluation of sulphuric compounds transport in reservoirs considering sensitivity analysis
Authors: Gholizadeh Fatemeh , Zeynolabedin Amin , Behboudian Massoud
Published: October 2024

Deepwater bodies such as dam reservoirs are among the most prominent water resources that supply societies' water demand. Hence, water quality in these resources requires continuous and meticulous monitoring. This study evaluated the water quality of Changuleh Dam, a dam under construction in western Iran, using the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to predict fluctuations in sulphate (SO42−) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) concentrations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the dependence of model outputs on input variables. Additionally, an uncertainty analysis was performed using MATLAB to address the inherent uncertainties of the input variables through an ARIMA (2, 2, 1) time series model and Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated a high sulphate concentration averaging 955.6 mg/l, considerably exceeding the drinking water standard of 400 mg/l, identifying the reservoir as a sulphate‐rich water resource. Seasonal fluctuations of H2S concentrations were also observed in the reservoir's anaerobic bed sediments, peaking at 87 mg/l. The sensitivity analysis showed that nitrate and total dissolved solids (TDS) varied more noticeably than dissolved oxygen (DO) at different depths, with the greatest variation at 50 m. This study highlights the critical need for continuous and meticulous monitoring of water quality in dam reservoirs to meet water supply standards.
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE DOSE OF VIRUS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VIRUS-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FROM THE BLOOD SERUM OF ANIMALS VACCINED AGAINST COW-POX
Authors: Zhugunisov K. , Myrzakhmetova B. , Tuyskanova Moldir , Alieva A.
Published: October 2024

Assessment of humoral immunity by serological methods in animals vaccinated against orthopoxviruses often causes difficulties. This indicates that cellular immunity plays a more important role than humoral immunity in orthopoxviruses. This article presents the results of a study aimed at choosing the optimal dose of the virus to determine the neutralizing activity of the serum of animals vaccinated against orthopoxviruses in the neutralization test. According to the results of the study, the neutralization activity of the studied sera at high doses of the virus (ie 100 and 50 TCID50) did not exceed 2 log2, and at lower doses, the neutralization activity was from 4 to 6 log2. A dose of 25 TCID50 was selected as an effective dose among the tested doses of the virus to evaluate post-vaccination humoral immunity of cowpox-vaccinated animals using the neutralization test. This dose contributes to the detection of neutralizing antibody in the sample of the examined serum and its exact quantity, showing high sensitivity and specificity.
Nr5a2
is dispensable for zygotic genome activation but essential for morula development
Authors: Festuccia Nicola , Vandormael-Pournin Sandrine , Chervova Almira , Geiselman Anna , Langa-Vives Francina , Coux Rémi-Xavier , Gonzalez Inma , Collet Guillaume Giraud , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel , Navarro Pablo
Published: October 2024

Early embryogenesis is driven by transcription factors (TFs) that first activate the zygotic genome and then specify the lineages constituting the blastocyst. Although the TFs specifying the blastocyst’s lineages are well characterized, those playing earlier roles remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of the TF
Nr5a2
, we show that
Nr5a2
−/−
embryos arrest at the early morula stage and exhibit altered lineage specification, frequent mitotic failure, and substantial chromosome segregation defects. Although NR5A2 plays a minor but measurable role during zygotic genome activation, it predominantly acts as a master regulator at the eight-cell stage, controlling expression of lineage-specifying TFs and genes involved in mitosis, telomere maintenance, and DNA repair. We conclude that NR5A2 coordinates proliferation, genome stability, and lineage specification to ensure correct morula development.
Grain rotation mechanisms in nanocrystalline materials: Multiscale observations in Pt thin films
Authors: Tian Yuan , Gong Xiaoguo , Xu Mingjie , Qiu Caihao , Han Ying , Bi Yutong , Estrada Leonardo Velasco , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Hahn Horst , Han Jian , Srolovitz David J. , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: October 2024

Near-rigid-body grain rotation is commonly observed during grain growth, recrystallization, and plastic deformation in nanocrystalline materials. Despite decades of research, the dominant mechanisms underlying grain rotation remain enigmatic. We present direct evidence that grain rotation occurs through the motion of disconnections (line defects with step and dislocation character) along grain boundaries in platinum thin films. State-of-the-art in situ four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) observations reveal the statistical correlation between grain rotation and grain growth or shrinkage. This correlation arises from shear-coupled grain boundary migration, which occurs through the motion of disconnections, as demonstrated by in situ high-angle annular dark-field STEM observations and the atomistic simulation–aided analysis. These findings provide quantitative insights into the structural dynamics of nanocrystalline materials.
A bird’s-eye view of avian extinctions
Authors: Kemp Melissa E.
Published: October 2024

Conservation should consider species’ functional and phylogenetic traits
Congo calling
Authors: Livingstone Emmet
Published: October 2024

A dearth of local scientists is holding back research on the world’s second largest rainforest
Whole-genome sequencing resolves biochemical misidentification of
Neisseria
species from urogenital specimens
Authors: Smith Amanda C. , Shrivastava Apurva , Cartee John C. , Bélanger Myriam , Sharpe Samera , Lewis Jorden , Budionno Suzanna , Gomez Raquel , Khubbar Manjeet K. ,   Neisseria gonorrhoeae Working Group, Pham Cau D. , Gernert Kim M. , Schmerer Matthew W. , Raphael Brian H. , Learner Emily R. , Kersh Ellen N. , Joseph Sandeep J. , Tran Mike , Hun Sopheay , Olusegun Soge O. , Hua Chi , Hiatt Brian , Veliz Kirstin , Jolly Lindsay , Spann Maya , Keller Eric , Moore Terence , Loomis Jillian , Chapel Neil , Lee Benjamin , Neff Lindsay , Casey Ravyn , Wagner Jenni , Young Erin , Oakeson Kelly F. , Baldwin Tamara , Wang Chun , Rahman Maliha , Oh Bonnie
Published: October 2024

Neisseria meningitidis
(Nm) and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(Ng) are human pathogens that sometimes occupy the same anatomical niche. Ng, the causative agent of gonorrhea, infects 87 million individuals annually worldwide and is an urgent threat due to increasing drug resistance. Ng is a pathogen of the urogenital tract and may infect the oropharyngeal or rectal site, often asymptomatically. Conversely, Nm is an opportunistic pathogen. While often a commensal in the oropharyngeal tract, it is also the leading cause of bacterial meningitis with 1.2 million cases globally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is likely to occur between Ng and Nm due to their shared anatomical niches and genetic similarity, which poses challenges for accurate detection and treatment. Routine surveillance through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project and Strengthening the U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea detected six concerning urogenital
Neisseria
isolates with contradicting species identification in Milwaukee (MIL). While all six isolates were positive for Ng using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight identified the isolates as Ng, two biochemical tests, Gonochek-II and API NH, classified them as Nm. To address this discrepancy, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina MiSeq on all isolates and employed various bioinformatics tools. Species detection analysis using BMScan, which uses WGS data, identified all isolates as Ng. Furthermore, Kraken revealed over 98% of WGS reads mapped to the Ng genome and <1% to Nm. Recombination analysis identified putative HGT in all MIL isolates within the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (
ggt
) gene, a key component in the biochemical tests used to differentiate between Nm and Ng. Further analysis identified Nm as the source of HGT event. Specifically, the active Nm
ggt
gene replaced the Ng pseudogenes,
ggt1
and
ggt2
. Together, this study demonstrates that closely related
Neisseria
species sharing a niche underwent HGT, which led to the misidentification of species following biochemical testing. Importantly, NAAT accurately detected Ng. The misidentification highlights the importance of using WGS to continually evaluate diagnostic or bacterial identification tests.
The actin-binding protein palladin associates with the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein
Authors: Shahriari Shadi , Ghildyal Reena
Published: October 2024

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) matrix (M) protein plays an important role in infection as it can interact with viral components as well as the host cell actin microfilaments. The M–actin interaction may play a role in facilitating the transportation of virion components to the apical surface, where RSV is released. We show that M protein’s association with actin is facilitated by palladin, an actin-binding protein. Cells were infected with RSV or transfected to express full-length M as a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged protein, followed by removal of nuclear and cytosolic proteins to enrich for cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. M protein was present in inclusion bodies tethered to microfilaments in infected cells. In transfected cells, GFP-M was presented close to microfilaments, without association, suggesting the possible involvement of an additional protein in this interaction. As palladin can bind to proteins that also bind actin, we investigated its interaction with M. Cells were co-transfected to express GFP-M and palladin as an mCherry fluorescent-tagged protein, followed by cytoskeleton enrichment. M and palladin were observed to colocalize towards microfilaments, suggesting that palladin is involved in the M–actin interaction. In co-immunoprecipitation studies, M was found to associate with two isoforms of palladin, of 140 and 37 kDa. Interestingly, siRNA downregulation of palladin resulted in reduced titer of released RSV, while cell associated RSV titer increased, suggesting a role for palladin in virus release. Together, our data show that the M–actin interaction mediated by palladin is important for RSV budding and release.

IMPORTANCE

Respiratory syncytial virus is responsible for severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children under 5 years old, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. The interaction of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein with the host actin cytoskeleton is important in infection but has not been investigated in depth. In this study, we show that the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein associates with actin microfilaments and the actin-binding protein palladin, suggesting a role for palladin in respiratory syncytial virus release. This study provides new insight into the role of the actin cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus infection, a key host–RSV interaction in assembly. Understanding the mechanism by which the RSV M protein and actin interact will ultimately provide a basis for the development of therapeutics targeted at RSV infections.
Inhibition of
Streptococcus pyogenes
biofilm by
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
and
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Gómez-Mejia Alejandro , Orlietti Mariano , Tarnutzer Andrea , Mairpady Shambat Srikanth , Zinkernagel Annelies S.
Published: October 2024

The human pathobiont
Streptococcus pyogenes
forms biofilms and causes infections, such as pharyngotonsillitis and necrotizing fasciitis. Bacterial biofilms are more resilient to antibiotic treatment, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to control biofilm-associated infections, such as recurrent pharyngotonsillitis.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
and
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
are two bacterial commensals used for their probiotic properties. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-biofilm properties of
L. plantarum
and
L. rhamnosus
cell-free supernatants (LPSN and LRSN, respectively) on
S. pyogenes
biofilms grown
in vitro
in supplemented minimal medium. When planktonic or biofilm
S. pyogenes
were exposed to LPSN or LRSN
, S. pyogenes
survival was reduced significantly in a concentration-dependent manner, and the effect was more pronounced on preformed biofilms. Enzymatic digestion of LPSN and LRSN suggested that glycolipid compounds might cause the antimicrobial effect. In conclusion, this study indicates that
L. plantarum
and
L. rhamnosus
produce glycolipid bioactive compounds that reduce the viability of
S. pyogenes
in planktonic and biofilm cultures.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pyogenes
infections are a significant concern for populations at risk, such as children and the elderly, as non-invasive conditions such as impetigo and strep throat can lead to severe invasive diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis. Despite its susceptibility to current antibiotics, the formation of biofilm by this pathogen decreases the efficacy of antibiotic treatment alone. The ability of commensal lactobacillus to kill
S. pyogenes
has been documented by previous studies using
in vitro
settings. The relevance of our study is in using a physiological setup and a more detailed understanding of the nature of the lactobacillus molecule affecting the viability of
S. pyogenes
. This additional knowledge will help for a better comprehension of the molecules’ characteristics and kinetics, which in turn will facilitate new avenues of research for its translation to new therapies.
Accurate measurements of delayed neutron data for reactor applications: methodology and application to 235U(nth,f)
Authors: Leconte Pierre , Belverge Dorian , Bernard David , Chebboubi Abdelhazize , Kessedjian Grégoire , Foligno Daniela , Geslot Benoit , Sardet Alix , Casoli Pierre , Kooyman Timothée , Pépino Alexandra , Domergue Christophe , Doré Diane , Ledoux Xavier , Mathieu Ludovic , Méplan Olivier , Billebaud Annick , Cheymol Benjamin , Marie Nathalie , Lecolley François-René , Lecouey Jean-Luc , Koester Ulli , Solder Torsten , Mutti Paolo
Published: October 2024

Large inconsistencies still exist in nuclear data libraries regarding the kinetic parameters of delayed neutron (DN) precursors. As an example, there is a 17% gap between ENDF-B/VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3 on the average lifetime T1/2 of DN precursors from thermal fission of 235U. This parameter is of major importance for reactivity predictions of nuclear reactors in nominal or accidental configurations. In this context, CEA is actively participating to the ALDEN project (Average number and Lifetime of DElayed Neutrons) which aims at providing the nuclear data community with new data sets of DN from thermal and fast neutron induced fission of various actinides. A dedicated experimental setup was designed and optimized for that purpose and is presented in this paper. It consists of a “long counter” detector containing 16 proportional counters filled with 3He, embedded in a high density polyethylene matrix. The detector surrounds a fissile target prepared in the form of a miniature fission chamber, containing a few hundreds of micro-grams of fissile material. This set-up is connected to fast and efficient neutron shutters that can produce step-irradiations of variable durations. The equations driving the DN counting following step-irradiations of the fissile target are established and discussed in the perspective of DN yield or group parameter measurement. A comprehensive analysis of the different steps of data reduction is detailed: dead time characterization, Region of Interest (ROI) determination, absolute and relative efficiency calibration, fission rate estimation, irradiation time and background determination, DN decay curve production and physical parameter fitting. Following a prototype experiment performed in 2018 at the PF1b cold neutron beam line of Institute Laue Langevin (ILL, Grenoble, France), we discuss here the analysis of two campaigns occurring in 2019 and 2021 in which significant improvements were achieved in terms of background minimization, counting statistics and fission rate determination. The achievements of this work are the measurement of the delayed neutron emission per fission for the thermal neutron induced fission of 235U, estimated at (1.625 ± 0.010) % and the group parameters leading to an estimated lifetime of $${T}_{1/2}$$

T

1
/
2

= (8.87 ± 0.10) s. Those results are consistent with the values recommended by the IAEA/CRP work and they come with reduced uncertainties compared with previously published results.
Chiral Separation of Racemic Atracurium through β-Cyclodextrin Sulphated Sodium Modified Gold Nanoparticles/Pencil Graphite Electrode: An Eco-Friendly Voltammetric Behavior of Cisatracurium Isomer in Real Samples
Authors: Nessiem Marina A. , Riad Safa’a M. , Fayed Ahmed S. , Arafa Reham M.
Published: October 2024

A novel electrochemical sensor for chiral separation of racemic Atracurium (racATR) into its three isomers (cis-cis, cis-trans, trans-trans) was assembled. The sensor was based on immobilization of β-cyclodextrin sulphated sodium salt (S-β-CD) with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on pencil graphite electrode (S-β-CD/Au-NPs/PGE). A significant increase in peak currents of cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry was noticed through applying this sensor. This is attributed to the electrochemical sensitivity of Au-NPs along with high chiral discrimination of S-β-CD via the host-guest interaction. The sensor's construction was tested by the electrochemical oxidation behavior of cisatracurium (cisATR) isomer in Britton Robinson buffer (pH = 11) at scan rate 30 mV s−1. The peak currents increased proportionally as the cisATR concentration varying between 8.0 × 10–8−1.0 × 10–6 M. The correlation coefficient and limit of detection have been demonstrated to be 0.9999 and 8.8 × 10–9, respectively. The analytical applications of S-β-CD/Au-NPs/PGE electrode were assessed through the dosage form and human plasma as a real sample. The proposed method was found to be an eco-friendly electrochemical approach according to the four greenness assessment tools: Analytical Eco-Scale, National Environmental Method Index, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness metric.
A Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor with Selective and Sensitive Detection Ability towards Methotrexate in Serum Samples
Authors: Sun Shukai , Li Shun , Sun Zhixiang , Zhai Yue , Xuan Chao , Zhou YuSun , Yang Xiaomin , Tian Qingwu , Zhou Tingting
Published: October 2024

A highly selective and sensitive method for detecting methotrexate (MTX) in serum samples using a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor have been developed. The preparation of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) employed MTX as the template, which was synthesized via sol-gel technology. These polymers were then integrated with carbon paste to create the MMIPs/CPE (MMPE) sensor. Under optimized conditions, the MMPE sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for MTX detection, with two linear ranges of 0.01–0.5 and 0.5–20.0 μM, and a detection limit of just 1.63 nM. Furthermore, the sensor’s practical application in serum sample analysis demonstrated its efficacy, with recovery rates between 81.0% and 125.0%. This innovation holds promise for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications, facilitating accurate and specific MTX detection in serum samples.
An Enhanced YSZ Gas Sensor through Optimizing Electrode Thickness for ppb-level H2S Detection
Authors: Wei Lei , Yang Zheng , Yao Dongting , Rong Qian , Zhao YongLi , Zhang Chuanhui , Li Kun , Yu Yi , Guo Youmin
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of sensing electrode thickness on the gas sensing performance of mixed potential gas sensors due to simultaneous competitive heterogeneous catalytic reaction and electrochemical reaction. In this study, yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensors with varying thickness of NiFe2O4 sensing electrode have been fabricated for H2S gas detection. The operating temperature of yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensors have been firstly optimized, followed by a systematic study of the effects of NiFe2O4 sensing electrode thickness on H2S sensing performance. The best sensing performance have been achieved for the yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensor with a 10 μm-thick sensing electrode (S-10 sensor). Sensitivities of −8.7 and −44.6 mV/decade have been attained for 10–100 ppb and 100–10000 ppb, respectively, with a lower limit of detection as low as 10 ppb at 510 °C for the S-10 sensor. Furthermore, the potential application of the S-10 sensor in halitosis detection was further evaluated using simulated exhaled breath from patient with halitosis and healthy volunteers. The significant change in human exhaled gas response values detect by the S-10 sensor at different times provide additional support for the prospect of diagnosing halitosis.
Optimized protocol for the multiomics processing of cryopreserved human kidney tissue
Authors: Gies Sydney E. , Hänzelmann Sonja , Kylies Dominik , Lassé Moritz , Lagies Simon , Hausmann Fabian , Khatri Robin , Zolotarev Nikolay , Poets Manuela , Zhang Tianran , Demir Fatih , Billing Anja M. , Quaas Josephine , Meister Elisabeth , Engesser Jonas , Mühlig Anne K. , Lu Shun , Liu Shuya , Chilla Silvia , Edenhofer Ilka , Czogalla Jan , Braun Fabian , Kammerer Bernd , Puelles Victor G. , Bonn Stefan , Rinschen Markus M. , Lindenmeyer Maja , Huber Tobias B.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we addressed challenges in integrating clinically obtained kidney biopsies into everyday clinical routines. Using porcine kidneys, we evaluated preservation media (RNAlater and CellCover) versus snap freezing for multi-omics processing. Our analyses highlighted RNAlater’s suitability for single-nucleus RNA sequencing, proteome analysis and histopathological evaluation. Only metabolomics are currently restricted to snap-frozen biopsies. Our research established a cryopreservation protocol that facilitates tissue biobanking for advancing precision medicine in nephrology.
Does one biopsy cut it? Revisiting human muscle fiber type composition variability using repeated biopsies in the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis
Authors: Van de Casteele Freek , Van Thienen Ruud , Horwath Oscar , Apró William , Van der Stede Thibaux , Moberg Marcus , Lievens Eline , Derave Wim
Published: October 2024

Fiber type composition is equally variable in muscle biopsy samples taken from one incision as from multiple incisions. Hence, we propose two biopsies from a single incision—needles directed proximally and distally, and each rotated 180° for cutting a second sample—as a more feasible, less invasive alternative to three biopsies from as many incisions. In addition, we identified the gastrocnemius medialis as a slow-twitch muscle with an average of 64.7% slow fibers.
Six-year follow-up of a world record-breaking master marathon runner
Authors: Romberger Nathan T. , Stock Joseph M. , McMillan Ronald K. , Overstreet Matthew L. , Lepers Romuald , Joyner Michael J. , Farquhar William B.
Published: October 2024

We performed 6-yr follow-up testing on a world record-breaking master marathon runner. We determined that his performance declined since his record-breaking marathon in 2018 primarily due to a reduction in V̇o2max. His max heart rate (HR) changed minimally, but his peak O2 pulse decreased, suggesting that his maximal stroke volume and/or arteriovenous O2 difference decreased. These changes likely reflect primarily age-related effects in the absence of an overt pathological disease process.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder: A Transcriptomic Approach
Authors: Sun Lu , Ren CaiLi , Leng HaoBo , Wang Xin , Wang DaoRan , Wang TianQi , Wang ZhiQiang , Zhang GuoFu , Yu Haitao
Published: October 2024

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, loss of energy or fatigue, and, in severe case, recurrent thoughts of death. Despite its prevalence, reliable diagnostic biomarkers for MDD remain elusive. Identifying peripheral biomarkers for MDD is crucial for early diagnosis, timely intervention, and ultimately reducing the risk of suicide. Metabolic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been observed in animal models of depression, suggesting that PBMC could serve as a valuable matrix for exploring potential peripheral biomarkers in MDD.

Methods: We performed a transcriptomic analysis of PBMCs from patients with MDD and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 20 per group).

Results: Our analysis identified 270 differentially expressed genes in PBMCs from MDD patients compared to controls, which correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. These genes are involved in several KEGG pathways, including the herpes simplex virus 1 infection pathway, NOD‐like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism—all of which are linked to various aspects of the immune response. Further machine learning analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) validation identified three key genes—TRPV2, ZNF713, and CTSL—that effectively distinguish MDD patients from healthy controls.

Conclusions: The immune dysregulation observed in PBMCs is closely related to the pathogenesis of MDD. The candidate biomarkers TRPV2, ZNF713, and CTSL, identified and validated through machine learning and qPCR, hold promise for the objective diagnosis of MDD.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2300076589
A Retrospective Analysis of Concordance Between Clinical and Histopathologic Diagnoses and Completeness of Oral Biopsy Forms at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Keshwar Shashi , Jain Neetu , Raut Toniya , Singh Vimmi , Shrestha Ashish
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Histopathological diagnosis remains the gold standard tool for the diagnosis, yet accurate and detailed clinical descriptions are necessary to facilitate the final diagnosis. Histopathologists believe that clinicians are unaware of how histopathology departments operate, partly because of the less information on requisition forms. The objective of the present study is to assess the concordance of clinical and histological diagnoses of all oral and maxillofacial biopsy samples, along with the completion of the requisition form provided with the biopsy sample.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology. The biopsy request forms of year 2018–2019 were retrieved from the archive of the department and were analyzed for clinicopathological concordance. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using SPSS.

Results: Of 338 forms, 243 (71.89%) forms had total concordance between clinical and histopathologic diagnosis; 20 forms (5.92%) had concordance with the histopathological diagnosis, but only after the clinical diagnosis had been refined. Of all the forms analyzed, 36 (10.65%) forms lack habit history in cases suspected of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorder, and 24 (7.10%) cases lack radiographic details. The categories of clinicohistopathological concordance and the different clinical information groups showed a statistically significant relationship. We also found that the sign‐out time for histopathological reports depend on the extent of clinical information provided which was statistically significant too.

Conclusions: The current study concluded a sufficient level of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis. A high completion rate of biopsy forms indicated that the clinicians/operating surgeons perceive the significance of clinical information in histopathological diagnosis. We also recommend, irrespective of the type of suspected oral lesions, submitted for biopsy, a detailed clinical information is the backbone for accurate and timely reporting of the histopathological diagnosis.
Surgical Technique for Removal of Old Universal Slotted AO Femoral Nail: A Case Report
Authors: Onizuka Naoko , Douglass Brenton , Swiontkowski Marc
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a surgical technique for the removal of an old universal femoral nail preceding total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a 50‐year‐old male patient with left hip osteoarthritis. The patient had undergone femur nail insertion approximately 35 years ago. Due to the necessity of nail removal prior to THA, surgery to remove the nail was planned. There are challenges posed by the design of the old universal femoral nail system, particularly its side slot which made engagement of the conical bolt difficult. The successful removal of the nail was eventually achieved, enabling subsequent THA. Individuals who received this old implant years ago may now require its removal as part of osteoarthritis treatment. Given the lack of familiarity among surgeons with this outdated implant, this paper is aimed at providing essential guidance and insights regarding its removal procedure. This literature represents the inaugural documentation of the surgical technique for the removal of an aged femur nail.
Asymptotics and Periodicity of Positive Solutions on a Nonlinear Rational System of Difference Equations
Authors: Quan Weizhen , Lu Xiaomei , Wang Li , Zhou Jingren , Huang Ridi
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a nonlinear rational difference equation system with three variables. Firstly, by utilizing Jacobian theory, the stability of the system is obtained. Then, we explore the saddle point, nonhyperbolic point, and prime period‐two solution and its boundedness. Finally, we verify the results obtained in the paper via computer numerical calculations.
Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Ameliorates Diabetes‐Induced Testicular Damage and Sperm Abnormalities by Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation
Authors: Sargazi Mojtaba , Karbalaei Narges , Karbalay-Doust Saied , Keshtgar Sara , Aghaei Zohre
Published: October 2024

Diabetes leads to testicular damage and infertility. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretory trophic factors have shown potential as regenerative therapies for diabetes and its associated complications. This study examined the effects of conditioned medium derived from Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs‐CM) on sperm parameters, reproductive hormones, biochemical parameters, and histological changes in the testes of diabetic rats. Fifty‐six male Sprague–Dawley rats (250–300 g) were assigned to eight groups: control, diabetes, and six diabetic groups receiving early or late treatments with WJMSCs‐CM (D‐CME, D‐CML), insulin (D‐INSE, D‐INSL), or DMEM (D‐DME, D‐DML). In the early treatment groups, insulin (3 U/day, subcutaneously) and WJMSCs‐CM (10 mg/week, intraperitoneally) were administered immediately after diabetes induction; in the late treatment groups, these interventions began 30 days postinduction. Blood glucose and insulin levels, along with sperm parameters, were assessed. Sex hormones, testicular antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured using colorimetric methods. Real‐time PCR detected Bax, Bcl‐2, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) gene expression. Our results showed that diabetes increased blood glucose levels, decreased insulin and sex hormone levels, induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis, and reduced sperm parameters compared to the control. WJMSCs‐CM significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, increased insulin and sex hormone levels, and improved sperm quality. In WJMSCs‐CM‐treated diabetic rats, MDA levels were reduced, while GSH and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Furthermore, WJMSCs‐CM decreased the testicular Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and TNF‐α expression, as well as enhanced spermatogenic, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. In conclusion, WJMSC‐CM administration effectively mitigated diabetes‐induced testicular damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Early treatment with WJMSCs‐CM was more effective than late treatment for diabetes‐induced reproductive dysfunction.
The Background of a Patient Undergoing Long‐Term Periodontal Disease Maintenance Using Step for Coding and Theorization: A Case Report
Authors: Muraoka Kosuke , Morishita Masaki , Nakamura Taiji , Nakashima Keisuke , Awano Shuji
Published: October 2024

Periodontal maintenance is crucial for long‐term periodontal stability, but some patients do not undertake maintenance following their initial treatment. To date, the motivations, backgrounds, and concerns of patients who underwent maintenance have not been researched. Therefore, we analyzed the subject’s intentions and the behavior of the patient affected by periodontal maintenance using Step for Coding and Theorization (SCAT). The subject was a 50‐year‐old woman diagnosed with periodontitis. Periodontal therapy included oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root planing, and periodontal surgery. She has been continuing maintenance for 21 years. An interview was conducted on a one‐to‐one basis, between the patient and the surgeon, using a semistructured interview. The contents of the interview included her reasons for visiting the university hospital and her reasons for continuing maintenance. For the qualitative analysis using SCAT, the vocabulary obtained from the interview was filled out in a SCAT form. We determined that the relationship between the dental personnel and the patient was good, and we could convey the importance of maintenance to the patient. Appropriate periodontal treatment and the maintenance of a good relationship with the dental health oral care provider are key factors in improving the rate of maintenance visits and ensuring long‐term periodontal stability.
Effect of Oral Insulin on Early Combined Glucose and C‐Peptide Endpoints in Individuals at High‐Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Triolo Taylor M. , Jacobsen Laura M. , Cuthbertson David , Sims Emily K. , Ismail Heba M. , Redondo Maria J. , Lundgren Markus , DiMeglio Linda A. , Gottlieb Peter A. , Atkinson Mark A. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Schatz Desmond A. , Sosenko Jay M.
Published: October 2024

Background: The TrialNet Oral Insulin (OI) prevention trial showed no overall treatment effect, using the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes as an endpoint. A significant delay in onset was only found in a high‐risk stratum (termed secondary stratum 1) of participants with low first‐phase insulin release (FPIR).

Methods: Since trials with an endpoint of type 1 diabetes take years to complete, in this post hoc analysis, we assessed whether a novel combination of glucose and C‐peptide markers could identify a therapeutic benefit after 1 year of follow‐up (trial participants followed for a median 2.7 years).

Results: Participants were relatives with multiple islet autoantibodies and low FPIR (n = 40). Glucose rose, and C‐peptide declined in the placebo group, whereas glucose rose minimally, and C‐peptide increased in the OI group. When glucose and C‐peptide were plotted on two‐dimensional grids using 30–120‐min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) time points, changes in ratios of their central points (centroid ratio) differed between groups (p = 0.037 adjusted for age, BMI, and baseline C‐peptide and glucose).

Conclusions: These findings support a favorable early effect of OI on combined glucose and C‐peptide endpoints in high‐risk individuals, indicating metabolic benefit. With further study, these measures may allow for shorter trials compared to the standard endpoint of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.
Supplementary Fig. 5 from Tumor Vessel Normalization via PFKFB3 Inhibition Alleviates Hypoxia and Increases Tumor Necrosis in Rectal Cancer upon Radiotherapy
Authors: Edelmann Marcus , Fan Shuang , De Oliveira Tiago , Goldhardt Tina , Sartorius Dorothée , Midelashvili Teona , Conrads Karly , Paul Niels B. , Beißbarth Tim , Fleischer Johannes R. , Blume Moritz L. , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Josipovic Natasa , Papantonis Argyris , Linnebacher Michael , Dröge Leif H. , Ghadimi Michael , Rieken Stefan , Conradi Lena-Christin
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Fig. 5
Supplemental Table 4 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Stratification of CRS, ICANS, and hypophosphatemia incidence rates by pre-emptive treatment with tocilizumab.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Figure Legends
Figure S8 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S8. Baseline and change in kidney function following CAR T therapy grouped by patient ICANS status.
Figure S7 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S7. Coincidence of serum hypocalcemia with hypophosphatemia.
Figure S5 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S5. Associations between pre-infusion tumor burden and ICANS and hypophosphatemia.
Figure 3 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Correlation between ICANS, CRS, and various electrolyte derangements with categories of neurological adverse events reported in CAR T-cell recipients. Data are represented as a bar graph showing Spearman rank correlation. Solid bars represent P < 0.05, and translucent bars represent P > 0.05.
Food and Health Literacy in Patients Awaiting Metabolic-Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Jacobs Anne , Nijland Leontien M.G. , Steenhuis Ingrid H.M. , van Veen Ruben N. , Liem Ronald S.L. , Pijl Hanno , ter Beek Lies , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , Monpellier Valerie M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Specialized lifestyle programmes for patients undergoing metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) are provided to facilitate adjustment and adherence to a healthy lifestyle after surgery. However, pre-programme food and health literacy in MBS patients is often unknown. In the general population, approximately three-quarters of people exhibit sufficient health literacy. This study aimed to examine food and health literacy of patients awaiting MBS and to identify patient-specific factors associated with these literacies. Methods: Patients awaiting MBS completed questionnaires on food literacy (Self-Perceived Food Literacy scale) and health literacy (European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-16) at the start of a preoperative lifestyle programme. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between multiple variables and preoperative food and health literacy. Results: Among 216 patients, the preoperative mean food literacy score was 3.49 ± 0.44, on a five-point scale. Furthermore, 96.3% of patients showed sufficient health literacy, with scores of 13 or more out of 16. Patients with sufficient health literacy had higher food literacy scores (β 0.508; 95% CI: 0.208–0.809, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study among people living with obesity awaiting MBS suggests that food literacy is comparable, and health literacy is higher than in the general population. These findings emphasize the complexity of the aetiology of obesity due to factors that extend beyond food and health literacy.