bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les facteurs d’influence de la non-réussite des étudiants de la première annèe universitaire en Algérie le cas de l’Université de Jijel
Authors: Yeghni Sami
Published: April 2023

L’objectif de l’étude est de comprendre les facteurs agissant sur la réussite des primo arrivants (étudiants de première année universitaire) à l’Université. L’originalité du travail est d’intégrer des explicatifs de la réussite des indicateurs de compétence et d’adaptabilité des étudiants de la première année.Notre étude vise à mettre en évidence un ensemble de caractéristiques individuelles, susceptibles d’avoir une influence sur la réussite de ces étudiants. Pour répondre à cet objectif nous avons utilisé le modèle de régression logistique multinomial. L’échantillon de l’étude a touché 2001 primo arrivants de l’année universitaire 2018/2019, inscrits à la faculté des sciences économiques, commerciales et sciences de gestion de l’université de Jijel. Une littérature a permis d’illustrer les propos et de vérifier l’hypothèse de base de cette étude. L’exploitation des données collectées auprès du service de scolarité de la faculté cible a été faite à partir de logiciels1 SPSS.21.0 Eviews 10.0 et Minitab18 ; elle vise à identifier certaines variables, pour expliquer les inégalités de réussite des primo arrivants à l’université.

The aim of the study is to understand the factors influencing the success of newcomers to university. The originality of the work is to include explanations of the success of the skills and adaptability indicators of the first year students.Our study aims to highlight a set of individual characteristics that may have an influence on the success of these students. To meet this objective, we used the multinomial logistic regression model. The study sample reached 2001 newcomers from the 2018/2019 academic year, enrolled in the Faculty of Economics, Business and Management Sciences at the University of Jijel. A literature made it possible to illustrate the remarks and to verify the basic hypothesis of this study. The use of data collected from the faculty's tuition service was carried out using SPSS.21.0 Eviews 10.0 and Minitab18 software, highlighted the significance of certain variables, for explain the inequalities in the success of newcomers to university.
Testing of weak form efficient market hypothesis: Evidence from the hat bourse (2010-2019)
Authors: Benthabet Saida , Benthabet Allal
Published: April 2023

Investors need to have an idea about stock market before making investment whether the stock markets are efficient or not to take investment decision in stock market. For that reason, measurement of market efficiency of stock market bears significance to investors. Bearing it in mind, In this paper, we employ various tests to investigate the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis for Casablanca bourse over the period from January 2010 until December 2019, This is done by time series stability tests used to test the weak form efficiency and by using the MADX index that represents full stocks in the Casablanca Bourse. During the period of study. The results show that prices in the financial market follow the hypothesis of random walk, so, it is not possible to achieve extraordinary profits through the use of historical prices in order to predict future prices on the Casablanca bourse.

Les investisseurs doivent avoir une idée du marché boursier avant d'investir, que les marchés boursiers soient efficients ou non pour prendre une décision d'investissement en bourse. Pour cette raison, la mesure de l'efficience du marché boursier est importante pour les investisseurs. En gardant cela à l'esprit, dans cet article, nous utilisons divers tests pour étudier la forme faible de l'hypothèse de marché efficient pour les marchés boursiers de Casablanca sur la période allant de janvier 2010 à décembre 2019 Ceci est fait par des tests de stabilité de séries chronologiques utilisés pour tester la forme faible de l'efficience, et en utilisant l'indice MADX qui représente les valeurs pleines de la bourse de Casablanca. Pendant la période d'étude.Nous avons conclu que les prix sur le marché financier suivent l'hypothèse de la marche aléatoire, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas possible de réaliser des profits extraordinaires grâce à l'utilisation de prix historiques afin de prédire les prix futurs à la Bourse de Casablanca.
Haematological and Histological Assessment of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Crude Extract of Albizia Chevalier Sawdust
Authors: Ariyomo T. O. , Obafemi T. D. , Omobepade B. P. , Jimoh J. O. , Fabusoro A. A. , Tope-Jegede O. H. , Akintola O. A.
Published: April 2023

The toxicity of Albizia chevalier sawdust extract was investigated with emphasis on histopathological and haematological effects on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. A static bioassay was conducted to determine the LC50 of Albizia chevalier sawdust extract to Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The fish were exposed to 55, 63.1, 67.6, and 73.9mI/L of Albizia chevalier sawdust extract. The result of the acute toxicity showed that the extract was toxic to the fish with an LC50 value of 54.42mI/L. The pH, DO and temperature values of the water in the different concentrations differed significantly from the control (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the haematological assessment revealed that values of the blood parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PCV, LYM, MxM, NEUT and PLT) of fish in the different concentrations were significantly different from the control (p<0.05). Histopathological examinations of the gills and liver of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to Albizia chevalier sawdust extract in the control showed normal gill and liver architecture. However, there were varying degrees of degenerative changes in the gills and liver of fish in different concentrations of the Albizia chevalier sawdust extract. The results of the study revealed that crude extract Albizia chevalier is toxic to fish organs and causes histopathological changes in the gills and liver and cause stress to the fish. Therefore indiscriminate discharge of sawdust by sawmills into the environment should be discouraged particularly into water bodies.
Effect of Periodic Exposure to Formaldehyde in the Anatomy Laboratory on Some Liver Function Indices in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ebojele F. O. , Iyawe V. I.
Published: April 2023

The effect of periodic exposure to formaldehyde in the Anatomy laboratory on some liver function indices in fifteen male wistar rats divided into three groups of A,B and C with 5 animals in each group were investigated. Group A served as control with nil exposure while groups B and C were the test groups with 5 months exposure on non-dissection days and dissection days respectively. Formaldehyde air level was measured both at experimental and control sites. Some liver function indices measured include Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Statistical analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism version 5.0. Results were presented as Mean ± SEM. Analysis of Variance was used to compare the means of test and control values while post hoc test was done using Student Newman Keul’s test and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results revealed significant increase in formaldehyde air level in the dissection hall. There was observable increase in ALT, AST and ALP but they were not significant. It was therefore concluded that periodic exposure to formaldehyde may not have any harmful effect on liver function in wistar rats.
Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Derived from Modified Bambara Nut Shells (Vignasubterranea (L.) verdc.)
Authors: Abdullahi M. R. , Alkali M. I.
Published: April 2023

Adsorption of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from Bambara nut shells (BBNSAC) was investigated using batch adsorption technique. The maximum removal of Cr (VI) ions onto BBNSAC corresponding to 68.00 mg/g was achieved at pH 2, adsorbent dosage 0.01 g and contact time of 60 minute. The Equilibrium data of adsorption revealed that the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions showed better fitting to Langmuir isotherm in comparison to Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radaushkevich isotherm models. The value of Langmuir monolayer coverage was 55.56 mg/g. However, the kinetics of adsorption was best described by pseudo second-order model with highest correlation coefficient, R2 value of 0.984. Thermodynamics parameters of adsorption revealed negative value of Gibb’s free energy (∆G) indicating a feasible and spontaneous adsorption process whereas the positive value of change in enthalpy (∆H) indicates that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature while the positive value of change in entropy (∆S) revealed that there is an increase in randomness at solid-solution interface during adsorption process.
Time to adjust our lenses?
Authors: Schuurman Derek
Published: April 2023

No Abstract
Ethics and regulatory complexities posed by a pragmatic clinical trial: a case study from Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Mtande Tiwonge Kumwenda , Nair Gonasagrie , Rennie Stuart
Published: April 2023

Background

Pragmatic clinical trials generally rely on real world data and have the potential to generate real world evidence. This approach arose from concerns that many trial results did not adequately inform real world practice. However, maintaining the real world setting during the conduct of a trial and ensuring adequate protection for research participants can be challenging. Best practices in research oversight for pragmatic clinical trials are nascent and underdeveloped, especially in developing countries.

Methods

We use the PRECIS-2 tool to present a case study from Lilongwe in Malawi to describe ethical and regulatory challenges encountered during the conduct of a pragmatic trial and suggest possible solutions.

Results

In this article, we highlight the following six issues: (1) one public facility hosting several pragmatic trials within the same period; (2) research participants refusing financial incentives; (3) inadequate infrastructure and high workload to conduct research; (4) silos among partner organisations involved in delivery of health care; (5) individuals influencing the implementation of revised national

guidelines; (6) difficulties with access to electronic medical records.

Conclusion

Multiple stakeholder engagement is critical to the conduct of pragmatic trials, and even with careful stakeholder engagement, continuous monitoring by gatekeepers is essential. In the Malawian context, active engagement of the district research committees can complement the work of the research ethics committees (RECs).
Views and experiences of traditional and Western medicine practitioners on potential collaboration in the care of people living with mental illness in Malawi
Authors: Kokota Demoubly , Stewart Robert C , Abbo Catherine , Bandawe Chiwoza
Published: April 2023

IntroductionCollaboration between traditional and biomedical medicine can lead to holistic care and improved health outcomes for people withmental illnesses. The current study aimed to explore the views and experiences of traditional and western medicine practitioners onpotential collaboration in the care of people living with mental illness in Blantyre, Malawi.MethodA phenomenological qualitative research design was used. Data were collected using both one-on-one in-depth interviews (IDIs)and focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were traditional healers and western medicine practitioners in Blantyre, Malawi.We conducted 10 in-depth interviews with traditional healers, 4 focus group discussions (2 for traditional healers and 2 for westernmedicine practitioners) and 6 key informant interviews with leaders of the two groups. The sample was determined based on datasaturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. We used a combination of deductive and inductive coding.ResultsFive broad themes were identified from the data: experiences with collaboration, views on collaboration, models of collaboration,barriers to collaboration, and factors that can facilitate collaboration. participants had no experience of formal collaboration betweentraditional healers and western healthcare workers in the management of mental illness. However, some reported experience ofsuccessful collaborations in other health areas such as safe motherhood, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Many participants showed apositive attitude toward collaboration and were in support of it. Barriers to collaboration included negative attitudes and a lack ofresources. Factors that can facilitate collaboration were dialogue, training and respect. Referral and training were the preferred formsof collaboration.ConclusionWith proper structures and respectful dialogue, a collaboration between traditional and western medicine practitioners is possible inBlantyre, Malawi.
Bibliometric analysis of three international journals on public health dentistry: A comparative study from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Dash Payal , Jena Samikshya
Published: April 2023

Background and ObjectiveThe research question was to conduct a comparative analysis of articles published ,citations,grants and authors co-occurence inthree journals of Public health dentistry namely Journal of Public Health (JIF-1.821),Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology(JIF-3.803) and Community Dentistry Health(JIF-1.079).This study was triggered , because of the constant growth of the academicproduction of articles in the world. The objective of this study is to describe the design of studies published in the period 2011 - 2020of the three mentioned journals.Material and MethodsA retrospective, observational, comparative study was conducted for JPHD, CDOE ad CDH. All issues of JPHD,CDH and CDOEfrom 2011 to 2020 were manual searched and also assessed through Scopus database.The data were organized and analyzed usingsoftware SPSS version 21.0; and citation mapping process using VOSviewer software.ResultsA total of 1544 articles were retrieved from all the three journals .The largest number of manuscripts was published in theCommunity Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology journal.The pattern of study design in JPHD (65.69%) and CDH(74.79%) was majorlycross sectional studies followed by cohort studies(19.46%) and randomized controlled trials (8.34%) respectively.In all the threejournals,maximum authors were more than three in number .Majority of the original research work focused on oral health such asoral health status,literacy,oral health quality of life.ConclusionThe publication pattern in all the three journals were interestingly related to each other; most articles published were original researchwork intending an enhanced inclination of researchers toward observational affirmations.
Two pathological fractures due to mandibular metastasis, rare in colon cancer; a case report presentation
Authors: ÜNLÜ Ufuk , YILDIZ Serkan
Published: April 2023

We reported on 65 years old patient who has colon cancer and referred to our palliative care center with pain due to enlarging metastatic mass on the dorsal of the right hand. She had swelling and numbness on her jaw. Computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for mandible imaging and two pathologic fractures were detected on the right corpus and right condyle of the mandible. Clinicians should consider possible metastases for terminal stage cancer patients.
Epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: comparison of Turkish nationals and refugees
Authors: ÇELEBİ İsmet , CEYLAN Ahmet
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to conduct an epidemiological examination of Turkish citizens and refugees who requested an ambulance due to Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at the Kayseri 112 emergency services between 2019 and 2020. This study was carried out in the province of Kayseri, which is one of the largest cities in Turkey. The study population includes OHCA patients for whom EMS were activated for any reason in 2019-2020. Data were taken from the Emergency Healthcare Automation System used by Kayseri Emergency Medical Services. A total of 5977 OHCA cases (Turkish 5736, Refugees 241) in which Emergency Medical Servises (EMS) was activated during the research period were included. A rate of 55.6% of patients Turkish nationality and 66.0% refugees were male (p<0.001). Observing at the cause of arrest, we find that 95.7% of cases among Turkish citizens and 82.6% of cases among refugees had a medical cause; while the suicide rate among Turkish citizens was 0.9%, this rate was 5.0% in refugee patients (p<0.001). It was found that the rate of OHCA increased with age and that the average OHCA age was lower in men and refugees. In addition, there is no difference between Turkish nationals and refugees in the use of emergency services for OHCA cases
A Cross-sectional study on the Prevalence, Behavioural and Environmental Risk Factors of Malaria Transmission in Two Senatorial Districts of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Nku H.C. , Imalele E.E. , Usang A.U. , Bassey D.A. , Alaribe A.A.A.
Published: April 2023

There is a dearth of information on the behavioural and environmental risk factors enhancing malaria transmission in the Cross River State. This study,  therefore, investigated the prevalence of malaria and the behavioural and environmental risk factors enhancing malaria parasite transmission in four  Local Government Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 400 participants aged 5-60 years and was  conducted between August and November 2021. Thick and thin blood films prepared were examined using microscopy at ×10 magnification. A standard  questionnaire was also used to collect data on socio-demographic and environmental factors. The overall prevalence of malaria infection recorded in the  study is 18.2% (73/400). All malaria infections were observed to be caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The prevalence of malaria infection was higher in  the age group 11-20 years (22.2%) (P<0.001). According to gender, males (23.3%) were more infected with malaria than females (12.9%) (P=0.007). An  overall mean (±S.D) parasite density and parasites count of 250.00±18.80 and 15.60±1.20 parasite/μLof blood, respectively, was recorded in the study. In  Calabar South Local Government Area (LGA), there was a negative correlation between the use of bed nets and malaria infection (r= -0.226) (P=0.024).  Mud houses, use of bed nets, and the availability of refuse dump around households were significantly (P<0.001) associated with the presence of  mosquitoes. A negative correlation was observed in the relationship between the presence of mosquitoes and the use of insecticide in Calabar South LGA  (r= -0.390) (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the use of bed nets and the presence of mosquitos in Calabar Municipal (r= -0.286)  and Obudu (r= -0.286) LGAs (P=0.004). In conclusion, this study suggests that malaria management efforts should take an integrated strategy that  includes good environmental sanitation.
Ginger or Black Pepper Supplements Attenuate Oxidative stress and Renal Damage in Metabolic Syndrome-induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Imam N.U. , Osibemhe M. , Nura L. , Ganiyu A.I. , Idoko A.S.
Published: April 2023

There has been an increasing occurrence of cardio-metabolic risk factors globally due to increasing consumption of fructosesweetened foods and drinks that cause excessive generation of free radicals. This research investigated the inclusion of ginger and black pepper in the diet as an easy and affordable  means of managing oxidative stress and kidney damage in metabolic syndrome-induced rats. Fifteen metabolic syndrome-induced rats were divided into  three groups and fed on diets supplemented with 2 % inclusions of ginger or black pepper. Serum activities of antioxidant enzymes and some indices of  renal functions were determined. Compared with the normal control, there were significantly (p<0.05) lower activities of all the studied antioxidant  enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, and glutathione reductase) in the groups of metabolic syndrome induced-rats fed  ginger or black pepper-supplemented diets which had significantly higher activities of these enzymes if compared with the group of metabolic syndrome-  induced rats fed standard diets. The serum concentrations of malondialdehyde in all the groups of metabolic syndrome-induced rats fed the  spices-supplemented diets did not significantly (p>0.05) differ from the concentration in the control group. The groups of metabolic-syndrome-induced  rats fed ginger or black pepper-supplemented diets had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of urea, uric acid, and creatinine in comparison with  the normal control, but significantly (p<0.05) lower concentrations of these metabolites if compared with the metabolic syndrome-induced rats fed a  standard diet. Similarly, the concentrations of serum electrolytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the groups of metabolic-syndrome-induced rats fed  spices-supplemented diets compared with the normal control. From the findings, it is concluded that including ginger or black pepper in diets could be  useful in managing oxidative stress and kidney dysfunction resulting from the consumption of metabolic syndrome-causing diets.
Survey of Bacterial Carriage by Musca domestica in Calabar Metropolis and Implication on Public Health
Authors: Mbah M. , Charity N.E. , Solomon C.C.
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to isolate the bacteria carried by houseflies (Musa domestica), determine the most occurring bacteria associated with houseflies  and assess the sanitary conditions of the different sampling locations in Calabar Metropolis. Samples were collected during September and October  2015. Perforated transparent plastic buckets and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were used to collect houseflies from houses, food spots  (restaurants) and drinking spots located in Bogobiri, Goldie and Hawkings in Calabar. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological analysis to  include cultures and biochemical identification. The results of the trap were 137 (51.1%) for the bucket trap and 131 (48.9%) for the Eva bottle trap.  Bogobiri location had the highest number of houseflies 95 (35.4%) followed by Hawking 90 (33.6%) and lastly Goldie with 83 (30.9%). and yielded the  following results: 13 (61.9%) of the sample had significant bacteria growth while 15 (71.4%) had insignificant bacteria growth. Among bacteria  isolated, Coliforms bacteria 5 (23.8%), Salmonella spp. 5 (23.8%), S. aureus 4 (19%) and Bacillusspp. 2 (9.5%). Hawking had the highest number of bacteria  isolated. The result of this survey has shown that the association of houseflies with street foods and drinks is a serious public health concern. Avoidance  of houseflies in our foods and drinks and good refuse dump disposal should be promoted.
Seasonal Prevalence, Intensity and Risk Factors of Geohelminthiasis among Children in Peri-Urban Settings, Abraka, Southern, Nigeria
Authors: Ito E.E. , Egwunyenga A.O.
Published: April 2023

Geohelminthiasis among children in the Abraka metropolis is a serious public health concern. Atotal of 217 (124 and 93 for dry and wet seasons  respectively) schoolchildren between the ages of 4-12 years old were subjected to seasonal parasitological examination using structured questionnaires  and Kato-Katz techniques. A prevalence of 62.90 and 79.56% for dry and wet seasons were established with A. lumbricoides having the highest  prevalence. Statistically, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in geohelminths/coinfections and their seasonal prevalence. Principal component  analysis revealed that wet season correlated positively with Ascaris lumbricoides, A. lumbricoides + Trichuris trichiura and 2 moderately with T. trichiura and  T. trichiura + hookworm and hookworm. Chi-square (χ ) analysis revealed that the association in gender prevalence was not significant (p > 0.05) in both  seasons. The seasonal age prevalence was not significantly different (p > 0.05) except for T. trichiura whose age-gender prevalence in the wet season was  considered significant (p < 0.05). Geometric logarithmic mean EPG was higher in the dry season than wet season and the difference was not statistically  significant (p > 0.05). Personal hygiene as a risk factor showed that geohelminths were significantly (p <0.05) influenced by toilet paper usage, wadding in  stagnant waters, washing anal with hand after defecation, eating with unwashed 2 hands, and walking bare-footed. However, χ showed no significant  association in seasonal prevalence for all risk factors. Hookworm and T. trichiura prevalence was greatly (p < 0.05) influenced by parents’ economic status,  toilet facilities and waste disposal. Open garbage sites respondents exhibited the highest geohelminth prevalence. However, the water source  was not significantly affected (p > 0.05). The risk factors posed by the environment are less significant compared to personal hygiene. The seasons played  a significant role in the prevalence of geohelminths. The public health importance of these findings and the need to promote health education on  sanitation, eating habits and defecation are important in Abraka and its environs.
Prevalence and Intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in relation to Malnutrition among School-aged Children of Lamurde Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Adache E.G. , Chessed G.
Published: April 2023

No Abstract
Premature progesterone rise incidence & its effects on in vitro fertilization cycles
Authors: Abiodun O.M. , Omobuwa A.O. , Fakunle A.G. , Oluwagbaye V.T. , Komolafe M.O. , Adewale O. , Akindele A.A. , Fasanu A.O. , Komolafe J.O.
Published: April 2023

Background: Ovarian stimulation using gonadotropins is associated with premature progesterone rise (PPR) in late follicular phase compared to natural  cycle. Two schools of thoughts exist concerning implications of PPR during late follicular phase with one insisting that outcome of in vitro fertilization  (IVF) is adversely affected when PPR occurs while the second school of thought argues that PPR has no adverse effect on IVF outcome. The study is aimed  at determining the incidence of PPR in the cohort data evaluated; pregnancy rates across the sides of adopted cut-off level of progesterone and  association if any between PPR & pregnancy rates.

Methods: It was a descriptive retrospective cohort study of data of 114 patients and egg donors.. Analysis of continuous & categorical data was done  using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.

Results: Mean serum progesterone on HCG day of IVF cycle among the cohort was 2.490±1.355 with a PPR incidence of 55%.  The odds of having PPR was 6.7 times higher among subjects with follicular number more than 13 compared to subjects with follicular numbers ≤13 .  Number of follicles retrieved & age of subjects were strongly associated with progesterone level. The odds of subject with PPR getting pregnant was  found to be 1.5 times less compared to the subjects with pre-HCG P4 < 1.5ng/ml.

Conclusion: Pre-HCG progesterone level is positively associated with  pregnancy outcome in IVF cycles
A cliniccopathologic correlation study of 2396 histopathologic skin biopsy specimens
Authors: Anaba E.L. , Dawodu O.O. , Arabambi A.
Published: April 2023

No Abstract
Assessment of challenges inhibiting effective delivery of health care services among frontline Professional health workers during COVID 19 Lock down in Nigeria
Authors: Awolola E. , Maharaj S.
Published: April 2023

No Abstract
Uterine rupture; An obstetric tragedy still with us. A six year review of cases in a specialist hospital, NorthWest Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed B.A. , Oyaramade A. , Ogunlaja A.O. , Ogunlaja I.P.
Published: April 2023

Background: Uterine rupture is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, it usually has a devastating outcome if not promptly  attended to. The study determined the trends, risk factors, feto-maternal outcomes following uterine rupture as seen at ASYBSH.

Method: The study was a retrospective review of cases of uterine rupture managed at the ASYBSH between March 2015 and February 2021. Records of  the theatre and labour wards were searched and the folders of patients with uterine rupture were retrieved. Relevant information such as socio-  demographic variables, booking status, clinical presentations were retrieved and entered into a structured profoma.

Results: Deliveries in the hospital during the period were eleven thousand four hundred and twenty (11,420), out of which one hundred and fifty-six (156)  were complicated by uterine rupture giving an overall incidence of 1.36 percent or one in every seventy-four (74) deliveries. Uterine rupture  occurred mainly among women of low socio-economic status and high parity. The major predisposing factors were injudicious use of oxytocin (62.8%)  prolonged obstructed labour (19.8%), previous caesarean section scar (8.5%), use of misoprostol (5.3%), fundal pressure (2.4%) and unexplained factors  (1.2%)

Conclusion: Uterine rupture remains a devastating obstetric calamity with a high incidence. Injudicious use of oxytocin, prolonged obstructed labour and  previous caesarean section scar were the three leading predisposing factors identified in this study.
Fattening performance and carcass characteristics of lambs supplemented with condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii extract
Authors: García-Salas A. , Bárcena-Gama J.R. , Hernández-Sánchez D. , Cobos-Peralta M.A. , González-Muñoz S.S. , Vaquera-Huerta H. , Arias-Margarito L.
Published: April 2023

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds with some beneficial properties for ruminants as they act as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anthelmintics, which may improve animal performance. However, the results are variable, depending on the type, source, and dose. The objective of this research was to determine the effect on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of lambs supplemented with condensed tannins (CTs) from Acacia mearnsii extract. Thirty-six, three-month-old Dorset x Hampshire cross lambs of 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (n = 9), namely T1: basal diet, 0.0 g CT/kg DM-1; T2: T1 + 1.75 g CT/kg DM-1; T3: T1 + 3.5 g CT/kg DM-1; and T4: T1 + 5.25 g CT/kg DM-1. The daily weight gain was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1. The weight at slaughter and empty weight at slaughter were higher in T2 than in T1. The hot carcass weight was higher in T3 than in T1, but no different from T2 or T4. The hot carcass yield was higher in T3 than in the other treatments. The meat pH at slaughter and 24 hours postmortem was higher in T4 than in T1 and the meat protein percentage was higher in T3 than in T1. The inclusion of CTs from Acacia mearnsii extract in the diet of fattening lambs increased their daily weight gain, yield, and carcass weight.
Effect of transportation distance on the physiological condition and carcass traits of kampong chickens
Authors: Sarjana T.A. , Suprijatna E. , Mahfudz L.D. , Sunarti D. , Kismiati S. , Ma’rifah B. , Muryani R. , Susanti S.
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to investigate the effect of transportation distance on the physiological conditions and carcass traits of kampong chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five male kampong chickens were transported for distances of 30 km, 60 km, and 90 km, departing from three villages. Their physiological conditions were observed for up to 12 hours after having reached the final destination, and they were slaughtered after 45 minutes of lairage. The results showed that the transportation distance had a minor influence on the male kampong chickens' physiological conditions on arrival and on resulting carcass traits. Decreased oxygen consumption and metabolism rates were observable only eight hours after the rest period, without further effects on body temperature, tonic immobility, and blood triglyceride levels. There were no significant changes in live shrink, liveability, and carcass production from various transportation distances. However, a significant percentage increase in live shrink, accompanied by a significant decrease in visceral weight, was noted after transportation distances above 60 km. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of drumstick weight and a minor decrease in overall carcass quality, derived from bruising on the thighs. No significant changes were noted in graded carcass quality, meat water-holding capacity, pH, lactic acid, or water content. It was concluded that transportation distances up to 90 km were physiologically tolerable to kampong chickens, imposing minor negative impact on carcass traits.
The effect of different feeding strategies on honey bee gut microbiota and the presence of Nosema
Authors: Topal E. , Ceylan Ö. , Tunca R. İ. , Bay V. , Aldemir S. , İnci H. , Topçuoğlu U. , Kösoğlu M.
Published: April 2023

Colony development in honey bees depends on both the environmental conditions and their genetic structure. Nutrition is the one of the most important factors in the honey bee’s health. This study was carried out in 48 colonies and included six groups (a control and five feeding groups). In the experiment, the effect of different feeding strategies on intestinal flora and the presence of Nosema was investigated. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas luteola, Burkholderia cepacia, Brevibacillus nitrificans, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and P. alcalidimonas were detected in the intestinal microflora of the bee samples by morphological and phenotypic identification. The results of phenotypic identification were confirmed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis for P. agglomerans and B. nitrificans strains. The presence of Nosema was simultaneously investigated in all groups. Only Nosema cerenae was detected using DNA analysis in the positive Nosema spore samples.
Comparative energy value of cooked grease recovered from rinse-trap water lines used as dietary fat source for feedlot lambs
Authors: Estrada-Angulo A. , Ramos-Méndez J.L. , Urías-Estrada J.D. , Castro-Pérez B.I. , Barreras A. , Zinn R.A. , Corona L. , Perea-Domínguez X.P. , Martínez-Alvarez I.G. , Plascencia A.
Published: April 2023

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with cooking grease recovered from rinse-trap water lines (rinse-trap grease; RTG) versus conventional supplemental fats (tallow; TL, and yellow grease; YG) on 84-d growth performance, dietary energy, and carcass traits of feedlot lambs. Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (27.7 ± 3.4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to evaluate: 1) basal diet without supplemental fat (Control); 2) 4% TL; 3) 4% YG, and 4) 4% RTG. Supplemental fats replaced maize in the control diet. Rinse-trap grease contained greater moisture (16.5 vs 0.92%) and impurities (3.6 vs 0.56%), and less total fatty acid (64.90 vs 89.60%) than that of conventional fats (TL and YG). Daily weight gain and gain efficiency were similar for control and RTG supplemental lambs, whereas ADG and gain efficiency were greater for lambs fed conventional fats than control or RTG-supplemented lambs. Both dietary net energy (NE) as well as ratio of observed-to-expected dietary NE were 4% greater for lambs supplemented with conventional fats vs RTG. Supplemental fat increased fat deposition but did not affect any other carcass measures or non-fat visceral mass. Estimated NE value for RTG was 57% of the average NE value (6.11 Mcal/kg) of tested conventional fats. Supplementation with RTG does not affect diet acceptability, and accordingly, is a suitable energy source for feedlot lambs. However, due to its lower total fatty acid content, its energy value is much lower than conventional supplemental fats.
Performance and meat quality of broiler chickens fed diets containing hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed or peel
Authors: Nesello P.O. , Eyng C. , Nunes R.V. , Argandona E.J.S. , Correia C.A.C. , Broch J. , Rohloff Junior N. , Savaris V.D.L. , Dos Santos E.C.
Published: April 2023

The dietary inclusion of hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed or peel was evaluated on broiler performance, intestinal morphometry, carcass yield, and meat quality. A total of 1,680 male chicks, one day old, were distributed in a 2×5+2 factorial design (hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed (HEGS) or hydroethanolic extract of guavira peel (HEGP); 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 mg/kg of inclusion and a positive control (PC) with antibiotics and negative control (NC) without growth promoter), with seven replicates and 20 birds each. A better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed from days 1–7 and days 1–21 on the PC diet than on the NC diet. FCR from 1–7d of broilers on PC was better than those on HEGS or HEGP, and this better FCR was maintained until 21 d for the HEGS treatment. The HEGP diet showed lower average feed intake and better FCR for the total period compared to NC diets. Higher carcass yield and a higher L15 value for breast meat was observed in the HEGP group compared to HEGS. Broilers fed the PC diet showed a higher a* value 15 min and 24 h postmortem, higher water retention capacity in breast meat compared to birds fed HEGS, and a higher value of a* 24 h postmortem than those receiving NC. The inclusion of 100 to 500 mg/kg of HEGP or HEGS did not improve performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics when compared to the performance-enhancing antibiotic. However, the HEGP diet provided better performance of broilers than the non-use of growth promoter additives in the diet.
A field study of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and faecal microbiota of weaning piglets
Authors: Lin K.H. , Yu Y.H.
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFPs) on the growth performance, faecal microbiota, and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) expression in weaning piglets on a commercial farm. Ninety-six weaning piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments as follows: basal diet as control (C), basal diet plus 30 mg/kg of antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) (A), basal diet plus 1 g/kg of BLFPs (F), and basal diet plus 15 mg/kg of antibiotics and 0.5 g/kg of BLFPs (AF), with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. Results showed that, similar to antibiotics, replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs improved the feed conversion ratio of weaning piglets from 15–28 d. Microbiota analysis showed that microbial community composition in the faeces showed a clear separation between groups. Replacing all the antibiotics with BLFPs increased the abundance of the genus, Streptococcus, in the faeces compared with the other groups. Half replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs increased the chloramphenicol resistance gene levels in the faeces compared with the C group, whereas full replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs reduced the streptomycin resistance gene levels compared with the C group. A trend of decreased levels of formic acid and acetic acid was observed in the group treated with BLFPs in combination with antibiotics compared with the C group. In conclusion, the field study demonstrates that replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs can improve feed conversion ratio, modulate faecal microbiota, and alter ARG expression in weaning piglets.
Pre-rut behavioural changes in farmed red deer with reference to atmospheric conditions
Authors: Tajchman K. , Janiszewski P. , Steiner-Bogdaszewska Ż. , Ceacero F.
Published: April 2023

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) exhibit specific behaviour during the rutting season, which may have an impact on the safety on cervid farms, both due to  aggressive interactions between animals and the safety of people staying there, such as staff and tourists. This issue applies especially to stags whose  behaviour changes radically, and the correct interpretation of the observed changes is very important. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyse the  pre-rut behaviour of stags and to show the influence of atmospheric conditions on vocalization and other elements of their behaviour, which facilitate  determination of the onset of the rutting season. The observations were conducted in August and September of 2017 and 2018. It was shown that lower  temperatures, declines in air humidity, increasing atmospheric pressure, and transition of the moon phase towards the full moon resulted in  intensification of the vocalization activity in the red deer in the pre-rutting season, which may accelerate the rutting period in the deer males. The  number of vocalizations varied between the years and depended on the mean temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, and moon phase in the  prerutting and rutting seasons. Through observation of the changing weather conditions, it is possible to predict the time of increased activity of stags  and the onset of the rutting period. Predicting the date of mating season in farm breeding, based on daily observations of changes in the behaviour of  stags, can be helpful in planning veterinary treatments or selecting the composition of the hinds to be covered by specific stags, which can also  contribute to the improvement of their welfare.
Influence of a Piriformospora indica plant-specific fungus and clove essence on broiler health and performance parameters during oxidative stress
Authors: Farmani Abolfazl , Hedayati Mahdi , Yari Mojtaba , Ghabooli Mehdi
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Piriformospora indica (PI) and clove essence (CE) and a combination of them (synbiotic) on  performance and biochemical parameters after induction of stress using dexamethasone. The experiment was performed with 320 male, one-day-old  chicks (Ross 308) using eight experimental groups and five replications. In each replication, eight chickens were fed a maize–soy-based diet. Experimental  groups included group 1 (T1): control diet (based on maize and soybean without any feed additives); group 2 (T2): control diet with 0.2 cc  dexamethasone injection; group 3 (T3): control diet with 11.6 cc CE; group 4 (T4): control diet with 10 mg PI; group 5 (T5): control diet with 11.6 cc of CE  with 0.2 cc injection of dexamethasone; group 6 (T6): control diet with 10 mg PI and 0.2 cc of dexamethasone; group 7 (T7): control diet with synbiotic  containing 10 mg of PI with 11.6 cc of CE; group 8 (T8): control diet with synbiotic containing 10 mg of PI and 11.6 cc of CE with 0.2 mg dexamethasone  injection. PI and CE were poured into the drinking water during the rearing period. After 31, 33, 38, and 40 days, 2 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone was  injected in the right breast muscle of experimental groups 2, 5, 6, and 8; after 35 and 42 days, samples were taken. The addition of CE, PI, and the  synbiotic, caused an increase in body weight gain, feed intake, and reduced FCR compared to the control group in experimental groups 3, 4, and 7. The  addition of 11.6 cc CE and 10 mg of PI caused an increase in body weight gain and feed intake and reduced FCR compared to the control group.  Dexamethasone (0.2 mg) led to damage of the lymph organs, body weight loss, a reduction in humoral immunity, and side effects on performance  parameters. Clove extract and the prebiotic reduced the adverse effects of dexamethasone.
Seasonal effects of Rhus lancea and Celtis africana on intake, preference, and physiological responses in South African indigenous goats
Authors: Phiri F. , Kanengoni A.T. , Hattas D. , Mbatha K.R.
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the seasonal effects of Rhus lancea and Celtis africana leaves on preference, intake, weight, and serum metabolites in South  African indigenous, mature, male goats. Twelve mature, male goats weighing 34 ± 5.9 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to two groups of six and  kept in metabolic crates for periods of 21 days in October 2015 and March, May, and August of 2016. A browser diet of R. lancea and C. africana and a  control diet (lucerne and concentrates) were randomly allocated to each group. Measurements taken included nutritional composition of browse per  season, and browse preference, intake, weight changes, and serum metabolites in the goats. The acid detergent fibre (24– 36%) and neutral detergent  fibre (26.9–70.4 %) in R. lancea over the months were greater than in C. africana (50.3–53.2% and 49.4–55.4%, respectively). In the preference study, the  goats preferred C. africana more in October (51.2 vs 48.8%), March (51.4 vs 48.6%), and May (54.3 vs 45.7%). Goats on the browser diet lost weight in  March, May, and in August whereas those on the control diet gained weight. The serum urea concentration of goats consuming browser diets in May and  August (1.8–3.3 mmol/l) was lower than the normal range, consistent with animals failing to derive their protein requirements from the diet. Goats  prefer to browse C. africana more than R. lancea. The study also indicated the need for supplementation to meet maintenance requirements in animals  fed R. lancea and C. africana.
Changes in cardiac troponin I (cTnI), T (cTnT), and some biochemical parameters in Arabian racehorses after training
Authors: Ayvazoğlu C. , Kızıltpe Ş. , Yaşar Ü. , Yaşar Ü. , Yaşar Z.G. , Demir P. , Tunc A. C.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the changes in the content of cTnI, cTnT and some biochemical parameters (CK–MB, LDH, AST, ALT) in Arabian racehorses before and after training. Diagnosis of myocardial disease in horses is very difficult due to the lack of specific cardiac signs. Cardiac diseases are seen as a cause of sudden death or decreased performance in horses. It has also been reported that excessive exercise may cause transient myocardial damage. In our study, 20 healthy stallion Arabian racehorses aged 4–10 y (6.00 ± 0.52 y) were used. Five millilitres of blood was collected from the V. jugularis of clinically healthy horses into serum tubes before and after training. Training time was determined as 30 min for each horse. Pre-training cTnI, cTnT, CK–MB, LDH, AST, and ALT contents were determined to be 0.130 ± 0.01 ng/mL, 0.007 ± 0.00 ng/mL, 231.15 ± 8.96 U/L, 692.45 ± 34.12 U/L, 309.92 ± 18.48 U/L, and 11.83 ± 0.92 U/L, respectively. After training, cTnI, cTnT, CK–MB, LDH, AST, and ALT contents were determined to be 0.169 ± 0.01 ng/mL, 0.008 ± 0.00 ng/mL, 289.80 ± 10.96 U/L, 704.25 ± 22.03 U/L, 328.47 ± 19.58 U/L, and 15.24 ± 1.03 U/L, respectively. As a result, it was determined that exercise triggered myocardial damage to some extent in Arabian horses. Exercise stimulates troponin release and the differences that may occur in troponin tests in horses after exercise should be taken into consideration.
Organic minerals, tributyrin, and blend of organic acids in the diet of commercial laying hens at the end of production
Authors: Miranda D. A. , Moreira L. F. S. , De Almeida A. A. , Vieira-Filho J. A. , L. C. M  , Valentim J. K. , Oliveira H. F. , Geraldo A.
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.