bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish wariness is a more sensitive indicator to changes in fishing pressure than abundance, length or biomass
Authors: Goetze Jordan S. , Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Claudet Joachim , Langlois Tim J. , Wilson Shaun K. , Jupiter Stacy D.
Published: January 2017

Identifying the most sensitive indicators to changes in fishing pressure is important for accurately detecting impacts. Biomass is thought to be more sensitive than abundance and length, while the wariness of fishes is emerging as a new metric. Periodically harvested closures (PHCs) that involve the opening and closing of an area to fishing are the most common form of fisheries management in the western Pacific. The opening ofPHCs to fishing provides a unique opportunity to compare the sensitivity of metrics, such as abundance, length, biomass and wariness, to changes in fishing pressure. Diver‐operated stereo video (stereo‐DOV) provides data on fish behavior (using a proxy for wariness, minimum approach distance) simultaneous to abundance and length estimates. We assessed the impact ofPHCprotection and harvesting on the abundance, length, biomass, and wariness of target species using stereo‐DOVs. This allowed a comparison of the sensitivity of these metrics to changes in fishing pressure across fourPHCs in Fiji, where spearfishing and fish drives are common. BeforePHCs were opened to fishing they consistently decreased the wariness of targeted species but were less likely to increase abundance, length, or biomass. Pulse harvesting ofPHCs resulted in a rapid increase in the wariness of fishes but inconsistent impacts across the other metrics. Our results suggest that fish wariness is the most sensitive indicator of fishing pressure, followed by biomass, length, and abundance. The collection of behavioral data simultaneously with abundance, length, and biomass estimates using stereo‐DOVs offers a cost‐effective indicator of protection or rapid increases in fishing pressure. Stereo‐DOVs can rapidly provide large amounts of behavioral data from monitoring programs historically focused on estimating abundance and length of fishes, which is not feasible with visual methods.
Reintroduced large wood modifies fine sediment transport and storage in a lowland river channel
Authors: Parker Chris , Henshaw Alexander J. , Harvey Gemma L. , Sayer Carl D.
Published: January 2017

This paper explores changes in suspended sediment transport and fine sediment storage at the reach and patch scale associated with the reintroduction of partial large wood (LW) jams in an artificially over‐widened lowland river. The field site incorporates two adjacent reaches: a downstream section where LW jams were reintroduced in 2010 and a reach immediately upstream where no LW was introduced. LW pieces were organized into ‘partial’ jams incorporating several ‘key pieces’ which were later colonized by substantial stands of aquatic and wetland plants. Reach‐scale suspended sediment transport was investigated using arrays of time‐integrated suspended sediment samplers. Patch‐scale suspended sediment transport was explored experimentally using turbidity sensors to track the magnitude and velocity of artificially generated sediment plumes. Fine sediment storage was quantified at both reach and patch scales by repeat surveys of fine sediment depth. The results show that partial LW jams influence fine sediment dynamics at both the patch and reach scale. At the patch‐scale, introduction of LW led to a reduction in the concentration and increase in the time lag of released sediment plumes within the LW, indicating increased diffusion of plumes. This contrasted with higher concentrations and lower time lags in areas adjacent to the LW; indicating more effective advection processes. This led to increased fine sediment storage within the LW compared with areas adjacent to the LW. At the reach‐scale there was a greater increase in fine sediment storage through time within the restored reach relative to the unrestored reach, although the changes in sediment transport responsible for this were not evident from time‐integrated suspended sediment data. The results of the study have been used to develop a conceptual model which may inform restoration design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damping numerical oscillations in hybrid solvers through detection of Gibbs phenomenon
Authors: Chakravarthy V. Kalyana , Chakraborty D.
Published: January 2017

A Gibbs phenomenon detector that is useful in damping numerical oscillations in hybrid solvers for compressible turbulence is proposed and tested. It is designed to function in regions away from discontinuities where commonly used discontinuity sensors are ineffective. Using this Gibbs phenomenon detector in addition to a discontinuity sensor for combining central and shock capturing schemes provides an integrated way of dealing with numerical oscillations generated by shock waves and contact lines that are normal to the flow. When complete suppression of numerical oscillations is not possible, they are sufficiently localized. Canonical tests and large eddy simulations show that inclusion of the proposed detector does not cause additional damping of ‘well‐resolved’ physical oscillations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating Regional Variation of Cardiac Implantable Electrical Device Implant Rates in European Healthcare Systems: What Drives Differences?
Authors: Torbica Aleksandra , Banks Helen , Valzania Cinzia , Boriani Giuseppe , Fattore Giovanni
Published: January 2017

Despite established efficacy for cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs), large differences in CIED implant rates have been documented across and within countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of socio‐economic, epidemiological and supply side factors on CIED implant rates across 57 Regions in 5 EU countries and to assess the feasibility of using administrative data for this purpose. A total of 1 330 098 hospitalizations for CIED procedures extracted from hospital discharge databases in Austria, England, Germany, Italy and Slovenia from 2008 to 2012 was used in the analysis. Higher levels of tertiary education among the labour force and percent of aged population are positively associated with implant rates of CIED. Regional per capita GDP and number of implanting centres appear to have no significant effect. Institutional factors are shown to be important for the diffusion of CIED. Wide variation in CIED implant rates across and within five EU countries is undeniable. However, regional factors play a limited part in explaining these differences with few exceptions. Administrative databases are a valuable source of data for investigating the diffusion of medical technologies, while the choice of appropriate modelling strategy is crucial in identifying the drivers for variation across countries. © 2017 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress‐mediated developmental toxicity induced by isoniazide in zebrafish embryos and larvae
Authors: Zou Yu , Zhang Yun , Han Liwen , He Qiuxia , Hou Hairong , Han Jian , Wang Ximin , Li Chengyun , Cen Juan , Liu Kechun
Published: January 2017

Isoniazide (INH) is an important first‐line drug that is used to treat tuberculosis. However, the effect of INH on fetal growth has not yet been elucidated, and the mechanism of INH‐induced developmental toxicity is still unknown. In the present study, we employed zebrafish embryos and larvae to investigate the developmental toxicity of INH. The survival rates of the embryos and larvae as well as the hatching rates of embryos were significantly reduced. Morphological abnormalities, including spinal curvature, yolk retention, swimming bladder absence, tail bending and shorter body lengths were induced by INH. Histopathological analysis showed loose cell‐to‐cell contacts and large vacuoles in the larval hepatocytes. Thin intestinal walls, frayed gut villi and widespread cell lysis were observed in the intestines of the larvae in the higher concentration (8, 16 mm) exposure groups. In addition, exposure to high doses (≥ 6 mm) of INH significantly reduced the locomotor capacity of the zebrafish larvae. INH significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and decreased the superoxide dismutase activity in zebrafish larvae, which suggested that oxidative stress was induced and that the antioxidant capacity was inhibited. Superoxide dismutase 1 and liver fatty acid‐binding protein mRNA levels were significantly downregulated, while the GSTP2 and cytochrome P450 3A mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in the INH‐exposed zebrafish larvae. The overall results indicated that INH caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in developmental toxicity and that oxidative stress played an important role in the developmental toxicity induced by INH in zebrafish larvae. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Stubbs Brendon , Crepaldi Gaetano , Solmi Marco , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicolas CW , Reginster Jean-Yves , Rizzoli Renè , Civitelli Roberto , Schofield Patricia , Maggi Stefania , Lamb Sarah E
Published: January 2017

An increasing evidence base suggests that low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the evidence of low BMD and fractures as risk factors for future CVD. Two independent authors searched major databases from inception to August 1, 2016, for longitudinal studies reporting data on CVD incidence (overall and specific CVD) and BMD status and fractures. The association between low BMD, fractures, and CVD across longitudinal studies was explored by calculating pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) ±95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-eight studies (18 regarding BMD and 10 fractures) followed a total of 1,107,885 participants for a median of 5 years. Taking those with higher BMD as the reference, people with low BMD were at increased risk of developing CVD during follow-up (11 studies; HR = 1.33; 95%CI, 1.27 to 1.38; I2 = 53%), after adjusting for a median of eight confounders. This finding was confirmed using a decrease in one standard deviation of baseline BMD (9 studies; HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.24; I2 = 69%). The presence of fractures at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing CVD (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.37; I2 = 91%). Regarding specific CVDs, low BMD was associated with an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular conditions, and CVD-associated death. Fractures at baseline was associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular conditions and death due to CVD. In conclusion, low BMD and fractures are associated with a small, but significant increased risk of CVD risk and possibly death. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors for successful PBSC collection on the fourth day of G‐CSF‐induced mobilization in allogeneic stem cell donors
Authors: van Oostrum Anja , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Croockewit Sandra , Overdevest Jacqueline , Fechter Mirjam , Ruiterkamp Bart , Brand Anneke , Netelenbos Tanja
Published: January 2017

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) used for allogeneic transplantation are collected by apheresis after pre‐treatment of donors with G‐CSF. Using modern apheresis devices stem cells can be collected more efficiently. It was studied whether collection on the 4th instead of the 5th day after initiation of G‐CSF treatment might be feasible. Stem cell yields that could have been collected on day 4 were calculated in two cohorts treated with 10 µg/kg G‐CSF once daily (n = 106, cohort I) or 5 µg/kg twice daily schedule (n = 85, cohort II). Harvests were predicted using the median collection efficiency (CE) of the apheresis machine and regarded successful when > 5.0 x106 CD34+/kg recipient body weight. Successful harvests at day 4 could have been obtained in only 22.6% and 41.2% of donors in cohort I and II respectively, while the expected successful collections on day 5 were 55.7% and 76.5%. Individual donor factors that correlated with a successful harvest on day 4 were weight, BMI, age, ratio donor/recipient weight and total G‐CSF dose in cohort I, whereas ratio donor/recipient weight was the only significant predictor in cohort II. Donor weight, BMI and total G‐CSF dose correlated positively with CD34+ values in the blood on day 4 in all donors. However, donor characteristics were not able to be used as strong predictors in daily practice. In conclusion, PBSC collection on day 4 will not result in a successful harvest in most stem cell donors, however using a twice daily G‐CSF scheme increases the yield.
Migrants on Home Visits: Memory, Identity and a Shifting Sense of Self
Authors: Marschall Sabine
Published: January 2017

The paper investigates the temporary home visits of African transnational migrants residing in South Africa. Many aspects of such return visits overlap with diasporic tourism, Visiting Friends and Relatives tourism and related types, but they are also uniquely different. Informed by narrative identity theory and an analytical lens focused on memory, the paper explores how memories of home influence the migrants' touristic activities, behaviour and experiences. A qualitative research approach involving in‐depth interviews with 20 participants from two different sectors was pursued. Findings illustrate how the encounter with traces of the person's autobiographical past (spaces, objects, social relations) can lead to a shifting sense of self. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive and normative modeling for Palmer amaranth control and herbicide resistance management
Authors: Frisvold George B , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Norsworthy Jason K
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Dynamic optimization models are normative; they solve for what growers ‘ought to do’ to maximize some objective, such as long‐run profits. While valuable for research, such models are difficult to solve computationally, limiting their applicability to grower resistance management education. While discussing properties of normative models in general, this study presents results of a specific positive model of herbicide resistance management, applied to Palmer amaranth control on a representative cotton farm. This positive model compares a proactive resistance management strategy to a reactive strategy with lower short‐run costs, but greater risk of herbicide resistance developing.

RESULTS

The proactive strategy can pay for itself within 1–4 years, with a yield advantage of 4% or less if the yield advantage begins within 1–2 years of adoption. Whether the proactive strategy is preferable is sensitive to resistance onset and yield losses, but less sensitive to cotton prices or baseline yields. Industry rebates to encourage residual herbicide use (to delay resistance to post‐emergence treatments) may be too small to alter grower behavior or they may be paid to growers who would have used residuals anyway. Rebates change grower behavior over a relatively narrow range of model parameters. The size of rebates needed to induce a grower to adopt the proactive strategy declines significantly if growers extend their planning horizon from 1 year to 3–4 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Whether proactive resistance management is more profitable than a reactive strategy is more sensitive to biological parameters than economic ones. Simulation results suggest growers with longer time horizons (perhaps younger ones) would be more responsive to rebate programs. More empirical work is needed to determine how much rebates increase residual use above what would occur without them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Secondary Biology Textbooks and National Standards for English Learners
Authors: SMITH LEIGH K. , HANKS JOSEPH H. , ERICKSON LYNNETTE B.
Published: January 2017

Given secondary teachers’ dependence on textbooks for curricular and instructional guidance, the challenges introduced by increasingly diverse classrooms in the United States, and national efforts to provide equitable access to science for all students, this study examined the alignment between three popular high school biology textbooks and the tenets of four national standards. The standards, Benchmarks for Science Literacy (the national science content standards when the textbooks were published), The CREDE Five Standards for Effective Pedagogy and Learning, World‐Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) English Language Proficiency Standards, and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Standards (TIMSS), were chosen as representative of nationally accepted ways of meeting the discipline‐specific content, pedagogical, linguistic, and cognitive needs of English learners (ELs). Descriptive content analysis revealed that the instructional helps (textual tools) found in all three textbooks had some level of alignment with all four standards. However, not all chapters or instructional units included explicit recommendations for teaching ELs, and the overall alignment ranged from low to moderate across textbooks. Equally concerning was that many important instructional recommendations from the standards, particularly those designed to develop and challenge student thinking, were implicit or completely absent. Implications for textbook publishers, textbook adoption committees, teachers, and teacher educators are discussed.
Brief Report: Proteasomal Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Degradation Reduces the Immunosuppressive Potential of Clinical Grade-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Undergoing Replicative Senescence
Authors: Loisel Séverine , Dulong Joëlle , Ménard Cédric , Renoud Marie-Laure , Meziere Nadine , Isabelle Bezier , Latour Maëlle , Bescher Nadège , Pedeux Rémy , Bertheuil Nicolas , Flecher Erwan , Sensebé Luc , Tarte Karin
Published: January 2017

Owing to their immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs) are considered a promising tool for cell therapy. However, important issues should be considered to ensure the reproducible production of efficient and safe clinical-grade MSCs. In particular, high expansion rate, associated with progressive senescence, was recently proposed as one of the parameters that could alter MSC functionality. In this study, we directly address the consequences of replicative senescence on BM-MSC and ASC immunomodulatory properties. We demonstrate that MSCs produced according to GMP procedures inhibit less efficiently T-cell, but not Natural Killer (NK)- and B-cell, proliferation after reaching senescence. Senescence-related loss-of-function is associated with a decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in response to inflammatory stimuli. In particular, although STAT-1-dependent IDO expression is transcriptionally induced at a similar level in senescent and nonsenescent MSCs, IDO protein is specifically degraded by the proteasome in senescent ASCs and BM-MSCs, a process that could be reversed by the MG132 proteasome inhibitor. These data encourage the use of appropriate quality controls focusing on immunosuppressive mechanisms before translating clinical-grade MSCs in the clinic.
Birkhoff style calculi for hybrid logics
Authors: Găină Daniel
Published: January 2017

We develop an abstract proof calculus for hybrid logics whose sentences are (
hybrid
)
Horn clauses
, and we prove a
Birkhoff completeness
theorem for hybrid logics in the general setting provided by the
institution theory
. This result is then applied to particular cases of hybrid logics with user-defined sharing, where the first-order variables in quantified sentences are interpreted uniformly across worlds.
The Indirect Displacement Hypothesis: A Case Study in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Green Rodney D. , Mulusa Judy K. , Byers Andre A. , Parmer Clevester
Published: January 2017

Stereotypes abound about the clash between newcomers to urban neighborhoods and their longstanding residents. In a case study of Columbia Heights in the District of Columbia, the preferences and attitudes of newcomers and longstanding residents are compared. The comparison will help assess the extent to which indirect displacement pressures in the domain of retail activity might be occurring in Columbia Heights. Data from surveys conducted in 2008 by the Howard University Center for Urban Progress (HUCUP) form the empirical base of this study. A total of 217 completed surveys were received, 116 from an Internet survey and 101 one-on-one street interviews. The sample was split into thirds (according to length of time that the participant lived in the neighborhood) leading to break points at two years and eight years of residency. All respondents who lived in the neighborhood two years or less or eight years or more were kept in the final sample. The former were defined as “newcomers and the latter were defined as “longstanding residents”. There were 77 newcomers and 74 longstanding residents in the final sample. The survey instrument inquired about respondents’ opinions about the availability and quality of stores by type, the variety of stores, and what types of stores they would like to see added to the neighborhood. Respondents were then asked their assessment of the new commercial developments and of the previously existing businesses in the corridor. Chi-square tests were used to test the hypotheses that there were differences between the two populations – newcomers and long-standing residents – in terms of preferences and attitudes. The findings demonstrated significant differences between the two groups in terms of their opinions about the commercial corridor, although both groups were generally pleased with the new retail developments. The analysis of these data weakly supports the hypothesis that indirect factors could heighten pressures for displacement of longstanding residents, but it is argued that the main focus of gentrification studies should continue to be on the direct economic factors affecting longstanding residents during neighborhood revitalization.
Remote Video Auditing in the Surgical Setting
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Getty Ritter Elizabeth , Beaton Megan , Gibbons David
Published: January 2017

Remote video auditing, a method first adopted by the food preparation industry, was later introduced to the health care industry as a novel approach to improving hand hygiene practices. This strategy yielded tremendous and sustained improvement, causing leaders to consider the potential effects of such technology on the complex surgical environment. This article outlines the implementation of remote video auditing and the first year of activity, outcomes, and measurable successes in a busy surgery department in the eastern United States. A team of anesthesia care providers, surgeons, and OR personnel used low‐resolution cameras, large‐screen displays, and cell phone alerts to make significant progress in three domains: application of the Universal Protocol for preventing wrong site, wrong procedure, wrong person surgery; efficiency metrics; and cleaning compliance. The use of cameras with real‐time auditing and results‐sharing created an environment of continuous learning, compliance, and synergy, which has resulted in a safer, cleaner, and more efficient OR.
Unsteady Flow in Open Channels
Authors: Battjes Jurjen A. , Labeur Robert Jan
Published: January 2017

Practitioners in water engineering rely on a thorough understanding of shallow water flows in order to safeguard our habitat, while at the same time sustaining the water environment. This book proposes a unified theoretical framework for the different types of shallow flow, providing a coherent approach to interpret the behaviour of such flows, and highlighting the similarities and differences. Every major topic in the book is accompanied by worked examples illustrating the theoretical concepts. Practical examples, showcasing inspiring research and engineering applications from the past and present, provide insight into how the theory developed. The book is also supplemented by a range of online resources, available at www.cambridge.org/battjes, including problem sets and computer codes. A solutions manual is available for instructors. This book is intended for students and professionals working in environmental water systems, in areas such as coasts, rivers, harbours, drainage, and irrigation canals.
Discovering the Unexpected in Astronomical Survey Data
Authors: Norris Ray P.
Published: January 2017

Most major discoveries in astronomy are unplanned, and result from surveying the Universe in a new way, rather than by testing a hypothesis or conducting an investigation with planned outcomes. For example, of the ten greatest discoveries made by the Hubble Space Telescope, only one was listed in its key science goals. So a telescope that merely achieves its stated science goals is not achieving its potential scientific productivity.

Several next-generation astronomical survey telescopes are currently being designed and constructed that will significantly expand the volume of observational parameter space, and should in principle discover unexpected new phenomena and new types of object. However, the complexity of the telescopes and the large data volumes mean that these discoveries are unlikely to be found by chance. Therefore, it is necessary to plan explicitly for unexpected discoveries in the design and construction. Two types of discovery are recognised: unexpected objects and unexpected phenomena.

This paper argues that next-generation astronomical surveys require an explicit process for detecting the unexpected, and proposes an implementation of this process. This implementation addresses both types of discovery, and relies heavily on machine-learning techniques, and also on theory-based simulations that encapsulate our current understanding of the Universe.
Archaeology in Greek higher education
Authors: Hamilakis Yannis
Published: January 2017

The teaching of archaeology in higher education in Greece cannot be viewed in isolation from the broader realms of antiquity, archaeology and the past in modern Greek society and the context of Greek higher education. A growing body of literature has shown that archaeological antiquities have contributed substantially to the generation and perpetuation of a genealogical national myth upon which the modern nation- state of Greece was founded (e.g. Gourgouris 1996; Herzfeld 1982, 1987; Kitromilides 1989; Morris 1994; Skopetea 1988). This ideology of nationalism not only presented the nation-state as the ideal form of political organization for 19th-century Greece, but also presented the inhabitants of Greece as direct descendants of Socrates and Plato. Intellectuals and the emerging middle class merchants imported this western romantic ideology (so popular amongst the European middle-class of the time) into Greece.
A framework for modeling human evolution
Authors: Gintis Herbert
Published: January 2017

Culture-led gene-culture coevolution is a framework within which substantive explanations of human evolution must be located. It is not itself an explanation. Explanations depend on such concrete historical evolutionary factors such as the control of fire, collective child-rearing, lethal weapon technology, altruistic cooperation and punishment, and the mastery of complex collaboration protocols leading to an effective division of social labor.
Are there “local hotspots?” When concepts of cognitive psychology do not fit with physiological results
Authors: Gaucher Quentin , Edeline Jean-Marc
Published: January 2017

Mather and colleagues' arguments require rethinking at the mechanistic level. The arguments on the physiological effects of norepinephrine at the cortical level are inconsistent with large parts of the literature. There is no evidence that norepinephrine induces local “hotspots”: Norepinephrine mainly decreases evoked responses; facilitating effects are rare and not localized. More generally, the idea that perception benefits from “local hotspots” is hardly compatible with the fact that neural representations involve largely distributed activation of cortical and subcortical networks.
Not even wrong: The “it's just X” fallacy
Authors: Lupyan Gary
Published: January 2017

I applaud Firestone & Scholl (F&S) in calling for more rigor. But, although F&S are correct that some published work on top-down effects suffers from confounds, their sweeping claim that there are no top-down effects on perception is premised on incorrect assumptions. F&S's thesis is wrong. Perception is richly and interestingly influenced by cognition.
Structural and ultrastructural description of larval development in Zungaro jahu
Authors: Marques Camila , Faustino Francine , Bertolucci Bruno , Paes Maria do Carmo Faria , Valentin Fernanda Nogueira , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada
Published: January 2017

The Zungaro jahu is an important large catfish of the order Siluriformes that is in danger of extinction due to habitat destruction. Studies on its biology are scarce and the majority relates only to nutrition or parasitology. In order to provide greater information on its morphology and aid husbandry and larviculture studies, the aim of this study was to characterize larval development in Z. jahu from hatching to total yolk absorption. Samples were collected at pre-established times, processed, stained, and analyzed under stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Total yolk absorption was observed by 60 hours post-hatching (hph) at 28.75 ± 0.59°C. The newly hatched larvae showed slightly pigmented body, the outline of the digestive tract, evident eyes, and the first swimming movements. Mouth opening took place at 12 hph and the connection between the oral cavity and the rudimentary intestine was observed at 24 hph. Were analyzed the main larval organs and systems: digestive organs, heart, gill arches, sensory system, thyroid, kidney, and swim bladder. As the larvae grew, these organs became more mature and functional. The development of the sensory and feeding structures was observed at the start of larval development, and thus before depletion of endogenous energy reserves, the strategy for this species is to increase its chances of survival in the environment.
Detecting sexual predators in chats using behavioral features and imbalanced learning
Authors: CARDEI CLAUDIA , REBEDEA TRAIAN
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a system developed for detecting sexual predators in online chat conversations using a two-stage classification and behavioral features. A sexual predator is defined as a person who tries to obtain sexual favors in a predatory manner, usually with underage people. The proposed approach uses several text categorization methods and empirical behavioral features developed especially for the task at hand. After investigating various approaches for solving the sexual predator identification problem, we have found that a two-stage classifier achieves the best results. In the first stage, we employ a Support Vector Machine classifier to distinguish conversations having suspicious content from safe online discussions. This is useful as most chat conversations in real life do not contain a sexual predator, therefore it can be viewed as a filtering phase that enables the actual detection of predators to be done only for suspicious chats that contain a sexual predator with a very high degree. In the second stage, we detect which of the users in a suspicious discussion is an actual predator using a Random Forest classifier. The system was tested on the corpus provided by the PAN 2012 workshop organizers and the results are encouraging because, as far as we know, our solution outperforms all previous approaches developed for solving this task.
Effect of Temperature on Germination Characteristics of Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant
Published: January 2017

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia is an increasing concern for growers across the U.S. Great Plains and Canadian prairies. Integrated strategies to mitigate resistance will require an improved understanding of the seed germination dynamics of GR kochia populations. Experiments were conducted to characterize the germination of GR vs. glyphosate-susceptible (GS) kochia populations under different constant (5 to 35 C) and alternating (5/10 to 30/35 C) temperatures. Seven GR and two GS populations were collected from wheat–fallow fields in northern Montana. Selected lines of GR and GS were obtained after three generations of recurrent group selection in the greenhouse. The GR-selected lines had 4.1 to 10.8 averageEPSPScopies compared with a singleEPSPSgene copy for the GS selected lines. Four out of seven GR selected lines had lower final germination (dparameter) and took more time to complete 50% cumulative germination (I50values) under all constant and alternating temperatures, compared with the GS selected lines. Those GR selected lines also had a delayed germination initiation (I10values), particularly at lower temperatures (5 to 10 C constant or 5/10 C alternating). In contrast, the final germination (d) of the other three GR selected lines did not differ from GS lines at a majority of temperatures tested. The I50values of those GR lines were also comparable to GS lines under a majority of the temperatures. There was no significant correlation of observed percent cumulative germination andEPSPSgene copy number of selected kochia lines. The temperature-dependent dormancy and altered germination characteristics of the four GR kochia lines reflect the common selection of resistance and avoidance (glyphosate or other preseeding treatments) mechanisms. This is most likely attributed to long-term, intensive cropping practices and less diverse weed control methods, rather than a fitness cost or pleiotropic effect of multiple copies of theEPSPSgene.
International Effort Tackles Landslide Hazards to Keep the Peace
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Tsereteli Nino
Published: January 2017

Earth scientists work with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to help keep a border-straddling hydroelectric power plant on the Black Sea coast safe from landslides.
Evaluation of the Bone-ligament and tendon insertions based on Raman spectrum and its PCA and CLS analysis
Authors: Wu Yang , Dong Yu , Jiang Jia , Li Haiqing , Zhu Tongming , Chen Shiyi
Published: January 2017

Injuries to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Rotator Cuff Tendon (RCT) are common in physically active and elderly individuals. The development of an artificial prosthesis for reconstruction/repair of ACL and RCT injuries is of increasing interest due to the need for viable tissue and reduced surgically-related co-morbidity. An optimal prosthesis design is still elusive, therefore an improved understanding of the bone-soft tissue interface is extremely urgent. In this work, Raman spectral mapping was used to analyze, at the micron level, the chemical composition and corresponding structure of the bone-soft tissue interface. Raman spectroscopic mapping was performed using a Raman spectrometer with a 785 nm laser coupled to a microscope. Line-mapping procedure was performed on the ACL and RCT bone insertion sites. The classical least squares (CLS) fitting model was created from reference spectra derived from pure bone and soft-tissue components, and spectral maps collected at multiple sites from ACL and RCT specimens. The results suggest that different source of interface shows different boundary, even they seems have the same components. Compared to the common histology results, it provided intact molecular information that can easily distinguished some relative component change.
Prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Wenying , Fan Jingyuan , Huang Guifeng , Li Jun , Zhu Xi , Tian Ye , Su Li
Published: January 2017

The data on the prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China are still lacking. We performed the present meta-analysis to assess the stone prevalence in mainland China from 1990 through 2016. A total of 18 articles were included. The pooled overall prevalence was 7.54% (95% CI, 5.94–9.15). The prevalence in age groups of <20 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, and 60 years and older was 0.27%, 3.15%, 5.96%, 8.18%, 9.14%, and 9.68%, respectively, showing that it increased with age. Moreover, the prevalence was 10.34% in males and 6.62% in females, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% CI: 1.51–1.76], indicating that males are more likely to suffer from this disease than females. However, urban areas (6.03%, 95% CI: 3.39–8.68) and rural areas (7.48%, 95% CI: 3.39–11.57) did not differ in the stone prevalence rate (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.42–1.68). The prevalence in the year groups of 1991–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011 to date was 5.95%, 8.86%, and 10.63%, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend. Further high-quality surveys throughout mainland China are needed to confirm these findings.
The fibrogenic actions of lung fibroblast-derived urokinase: a potential drug target in IPF
Authors: Schuliga Michael , Jaffar Jade , Harris Trudi , Knight Darryl A , Westall Glen , Stewart Alastair G
Published: January 2017

The role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. uPA-generated plasmin has potent fibrogenic actions involving protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here we characterize uPA distribution or levels in lung tissue and sera from IPF patients to establish the mechanism of its fibrogenic actions on lung fibroblasts (LFs). uPA immunoreactivity was detected in regions of fibrosis including fibroblasts of lung tissue from IPF patients (n = 7). Serum uPA levels and activity were also higher in IPF patients (n = 18) than controls (n = 18) (P < 0.05), being negatively correlated with lung function as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) %predicted (P < 0.05). The culture supernatants of LFs from IPF patients, as compared to controls, showed an increase in plasmin activity after plasminogen incubation (5–15 μg/mL), corresponding with increased levels of uPA and IL-6 (n = 5–6, P < 0.05). Plasminogen-induced increases in plasmin activity and IL-6 levels were attenuated by reducing uPA and/or PAR-1 expression by RNAi. Plasmin(ogen)-induced mitogenesis was also attenuated by targeting uPA, PAR-1 or IL-6. Our data shows uPA is formed in active regions of fibrosis in IPF lung and contributes to LF plasmin generation, IL-6 production and proliferation. Urokinase is a potential target for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
Large variation of magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films with Ar pressure during sputtering
Authors: Kim Miri , Sung Nark-Eon , Lim Sang Ho
Published: January 2017

A large change is observed in the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films sputtered at different Ar pressures. The change depends on the composition of the alloys and at compositions near 60 at.% Fe, for example, the magnetisation measured at 10 kOe increases 30-fold with an increase in the Ar pressure from 2 to 10 mTorr. The magnetic properties are well explained by a combination of two phenomena—superparamagnetism and spin glass behaviours—and the large change is partly related to the number density of a magnetically correlated region. Examinations of the microstructure by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveal no appreciable difference in it as a function of the Ar pressure. This indicates that even a very slight change in the microstructure can greatly affect the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films, thereby opening up the possibility of employing the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys for the characterisation of amorphous microstructures.
Molecular imprinting polymers and their composites: a promising material for diverse applications
Authors: Zaidi Shabi Abbas
Published: January 2017

Molecular imprinted polymerization is considered one of the most useful preparation strategies to obtain highly selective polymeric materials called molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs).
A simple and efficient method for constructing azepino[4,5-b]indole derivatives via acid catalysis
Authors: Kumar Boominathan Siva Senthil , Reddy Mutra Mohana , Hou Ruei-Jhih , Chen Hui-Fen , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: January 2017

A new and efficient synthetic methodology has been developed to prepare azepino[4,5-b]indole derivatives under Brønsted acid catalysis.
Solvent-free synthesis of 5-(aryl/alkyl)amino-1,2,4-triazines and α-arylamino-2,2′-bipyridines with greener prospects
Authors: Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Chepchugov Nikolay V. , Kovalev Igor S. , Santra Sougata , Rahman Matiur , Giri Kousik , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Majee Adinath , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: January 2017

A convenient approach towards 5-(aryl/alkyl)amino-1,2,4-triazines and α-arylamino-2,2′-bipyridines was developed following ipso-substitution of a cyano-group by amino groups and, finally, aza-Diels-Alder reaction with 1-morpholynocyclopentene.
Dioxetane formation and chemiluminescent emission upon the combination of a vinylphenol derivative with naphthalene endoperoxide
Authors: Umehara Yui , Son Aoi , Kondo Teruyuki , Tanabe Kazuhito
Published: January 2017

We designed a chemiluminescent system using nanoparticles.
Influence of phase transitions and defect associates on the oxygen migration in the ion conductor Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3
Authors: Meyer Kai-Christian , Albe Karsten
Published: January 2017

Oxygen migration activation energies in NBT are highly dependent on the local symmetries (phases), A-cation order, tilt configurations and different migration paths.
Nickel enhanced the catalytic activities of amorphous copper for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Leidanyang , Ge Xingbo , Li Yuxuan , Liu Jia , Huang Lieyuan , Feng Lanxiang , Wang Yong
Published: January 2017

Rice-like NiCuOx nanoparticles, fabricated via a one-step method, exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability towards the OER.
Efficient white polymer light-emitting diodes from single polymer exciplex electroluminescence
Authors: Liang Junfei , Zhong Zhenji , Li Shuang , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Ying Lei , Yang Wei , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong
Published: January 2017

The electroluminescence efficiency of PTFS can be improved by incorporating poly(9-vinylcarbazole) and color coordinates can be modified by micro-cavity effects.
High Tgsmall-molecule phenanthroline derivatives as a potential universal hole-blocking layer for high power-efficiency and stable organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wei Xin-Feng , Tan Wan-Yi , Zou Jian-Hua , Guo Qing-Xun , Gao Dong-Yu , Ma Dong-Ge , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong , Zhu Xu-Hui
Published: January 2017

The molecular structure–property relationships are presented for new series of high-performing hole-blocking phenanthroline compounds.
Water-free synthesis of ZnO quantum dots for application as an electron injection layer in light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Daumann S. , Andrzejewski D. , Di Marcantonio M. , Hagemann U. , Wepfer S. , Vollkommer F. , Bacher G. , Epple M. , Nannen E.
Published: January 2017

Large-area light emitters like organic (OLEDs) or quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have gained increasing interest due to their cost-effective fabrication on various even flexible substrates.
Effects of composition and nanostructuring of palladium selenide phases, Pd4Se, Pd7Se4and Pd17Se15, on ORR activity and their use in Mg–air batteries
Authors: Kukunuri Suresh , Naik Keerti , Sampath S.
Published: January 2017

The increasing demand for conversion and storage of energy has been the driving force for scientific pursuits towards developing novel, highly active and selective materials.
Cathode materials for rechargeable aluminum batteries: current status and progress
Authors: Zafar Zahid Ali , Imtiaz Sumair , Razaq Rameez , Ji Shengnan , Huang Taizhong , Zhang Zhaoliang , Huang Yunhui , Anderson James A.
Published: January 2017

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are amongst the most promising post-lithium energy storage systems (ESS) with a substantially higher specific volumetric capacity (8046 mA h cm−3), higher safety and lower cost.
Europium functionalized ratiometric fluorescent transducer silicon nanoparticles based on FRET for the highly sensitive detection of tetracycline
Authors: Li Xinran , Ma Hong , Deng Min , Iqbal Anam , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Bo , Liu Weisheng , Li Jiping , Qin Wenwu
Published: January 2017

A europium functionalized silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) ratiometric fluorescence transducer based on FRET was designed to detect tetracycline (TC) with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Non‐linear characteristic quantity extraction of ferroresonance overvoltage time series
Authors: Yang Ming , Sima Wenxia , Yang Qing , Li Jianbiao , Zou Mi , Duan Qichang
Published: January 2017

Ferroresonance is a common and complex phenomenon in power systems. Some types of ferroresonances are remarkably difficult to distinguish from others. This study adopts non‐linear analysis methods to directly extract non‐linear characteristic quantities from ferroresonance overvoltage time series (FOTS). Simulated and practical FOTS are investigated to validate the proposed method. Non‐linear characteristic quantities, i.e. average grey value of reconstructed attractor and improved largest Lyapunov exponent of ferroresonance overvoltage, are extracted based on phase space reconstruction of voltage time series to identify different types of ferroresonance. Practical FOTS acquired from a transformer substation is used to validate the proposed method. Non‐linear characteristic quantities obtained in this study can be applied to identify different types of ferroresonance. These characteristics allow further understanding of the non‐linear ferroresonance phenomenon from another point of view and benefit the study of ferroresonance identification and suppression.
Contamination characteristics of disc‐suspension insulator of transmission line in wind tunnel
Authors: Zhang Zhijin , You Jinwei , Zhao Jiayao , Cheng Yang , Jiang Xingliang , Li Yongfu
Published: January 2017

Due to electric field, meteorological conditions and insulator structure, the natural contamination of insulators is complex and so it is difficult to discuss the relationship between various factors and contamination. In this study, contamination characteristics of insulator in a circulating wind tunnel were studied. The results show that speed of the wind and its direction has an obvious influence on the pollution distribution on the insulator and under crosswind, contamination degree of top surface is greater than that of bottom surface and leeward side greater than the windward side. What is more, the contamination characteristics of insulator are affected by wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity (RH) and other factors. Wind speed increment will make its non‐soluble deposit density (NSDD) raise and the higher wind speed is, the more obvious non‐uniform pollution distribution of windward and leeward side becomes. When RH is up to 90%, the growth of NSDD becomes more rapid. The decrease of particle size and the rise of its concentration, NSDD will increase; the NSDD under uniform wind will increase. The results have certain reference significance for insulator design and selection.