bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the operation of diesel traction locomotives on the high-speed section of the railroad
Authors: Ablyalimov Oleg , Osipov Artem , Kurilkin Dmitriy
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of the justification of kinematic parameters of freight trains and diesel traction locomotives about the stopping process at the intermediate and end stations of the virtual hilly section of the high-speed railroad. There are received tabular data and graphical dependences of kinematic parameters of movement of the investigated freight trains and diesel traction locomotives about the organization of stops on the virtual hilly section of the high-speed railroad and also regression equations for determination of their numerical values which are recommended for introduction in the practice of the Uzbek railroads locomotive complex.
Advancements in network-based management systems for enhanced business services
Authors: Kukartsev V.V. , Kravtsov K.I. , Suprun P.S. , Gek D.K. , Pinchuk I.A.
Published: December 2023

This article explores the advancements in network-based management systems designed to enhance and streamline business services. It focuses on the development of an automated information system tailored to optimize the management of atelier services. This system automates service requests, monitors the quality and quantity of solutions, provides up-to-date service listings and optimizations, generates various reports, and offers department managers a valuable tool for automating routine tasks associated with performance registration and related documentation in their respective departments.
Using a microphone to perform technical condition vibroacoustic diagnostics of a gas turbine engine’s bearing supports
Authors: Romanova Alina , Zubko Aleksey , Balakin Dmitry , Zvonarev Sergey
Published: December 2023

Ensuring product quality, due to the special requirements for reliability in the aviation industry, is the main and primary task. For successful and trouble-free operation, it is necessary to monitor the technical condition of all systems, especially the most critical ones, such as engines. The technical condition of the gas turbine engine directly affects flight safety. Bearing supports are considered one of the most important transmission components, which are most susceptible to wear and damage. The goal of this work is to develop a method for conducting vibroacoustic diagnostics that addresses the challenges related to the inaccessibility of the studied unit and the change in vibration vector during engine operation, which significantly impairs the informativeness of vibration sensor measurements.
Use of combined solar energy supply systems integrated in the structure of buildings
Authors: Issa Hayder , Kuvshinov Vladimir , Guseva Elena
Published: December 2023

At present, installations based on alternative renewable types of energy are being introduced into energy complexes at an accelerated pace around the world. These energy systems do not use fossil fuels and do not produce harmful emissions. However, the low energy potential of such installations, calculated per unit of working surface (for example, for solar installations), and the variability of operation (due to climatic conditions), do not allow them to be fully used. As a result, the replacement of traditional energy with renewable energy is moving at a very slow pace. The present paper proposes the use on a significant scale of large solar power systems designed for a communal or individual consumer in order to provide it with thermal and electrical energy. At the same time, it is supposed to receive both electrical and thermal energy from the same working surface. So, the total coefficient of direct conversion of the solar radiation flux by the thermophotovoltaic systems shown here goes up a lot. In addition, to increase efficiency and save building materials, it is proposed to install such systems instead of building roofs. That is, the proposed solar converters can be integrated into the building structures. The use of such energy systems in traditional buildings makes it possible to obtain thermal and electrical energy from the flow of solar radiation without using additional space and significantly reduces the consumption of traditional energy resources.
Multilevel transmission contrast in optical structures with thin films of GeTe
Authors: Pankov Mikhail , Pritotskii Egor , Sazhin Artem , Konnikova Maria
Published: December 2023

Analysis of the optical properties: refractive index n(λ) and extinction coefficient k(λ), of thin films of phase-change materials obtained by photometric and ellipsometric methods allows to optimize optical characteristics reflection R, transmission T and absorption A. The interference of an electromagnetic wave in an absorbing thin film on a dielectric substrate significantly affects the values of the optical characteristics. Optimization of the optical characteristics is possible through the use of additional layers of dielectric materials, which are used to compensate for the difference in the refractive indices of the film with the substrate and air and minimize the reflection. This approach will increase the contrast of the transmission levels for the modulated optical signal in near infrared range. Calculations of the optical characteristics of thin films of germanium telluride in multi-layer structures are performed. Experimental samples of structures with antireflection layers of zinc sulfide have been prepared and their optical transmission characteristics have been investigated. The combination of multilayer structures for the implementation of contrast levels of transmission have been determined.
Study of ways to reduce the environmental impact (noise pollution, harmful emissions) on land plots located near highways
Authors: Shvetsova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

This article examines ways to reduce the environmental impact (noise pollution, harmful emissions) on land plots located near highways based on the choice by land owners of various options for barrier the land plot from roads (depending on the height of the product). The results of the analysis reflect the preferences of land owners (user) in the choice of enclosing structures for the land plot, based on the preference in terms of price/reduction of environmental impact on land plots. The analysis of land owner preferences when choosing materials for barrier a land plot from roads (depending on the height of the product) was carried out between two The types of barrier materials are <1.5m, and >1.50m. The obtained results of the analysis of land owner preferences in the choice of enclosing structures for a land plot can be used in the development of strategies by marketing services of manufacturers of barrier materials, as well as by researchers in this field.
Simulation modelling as a tool for urban air pollution forecasting
Authors: Logachev Maxim , Korotun Olga
Published: December 2023

The article substantiates the need to create a digital twin of the urban area in order to develop and implement scenarios of changes in ambient air quality. The problem of air pollution in populated areas is one of the key environmental problems affecting all processes of human life. The paper presents the results of creating formal models that represent qualitative and quantitative descriptions of all key objects and processes that influence the state of the environment. An agent-based model and a related system dynamics model have been developed on the basis of such models, which allow creating different scenarios of changes in key objects and processes of the urban environment. This provides an opportunity to develop a system of urban environment process management and assess the short- and long-term consequences of their implementation. To visualise the simulation results and their presentation, a dynamic three-dimensional model was created, reflecting all aspects of the created simulation model.
Obtaining potassium sulphate by conversion of potassium chloride and ammonium sulphate
Authors: Umarova Maftuna , Dekhkanov Zulfikahar , Aripov Khairullakhan
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the synthesis of potassium sulfate through the conversion of potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate, showcasing the viability of this process. Through systematic experimentation, optimal conditions and the stoichiometric ratio of starting components are determined. The study reveals that in an aquatic environment, the utilization of NH4 + ions reaches an impressive 94-95%. The isolation of potassium sulfate from the liquid phase is achieved through a combination of evaporation and subsequent crystallization. The resulting product is characterized through various analytical methods, offering valuable insights into its composition and potential applications. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable potassium sulfate production methodologies with implications for agricultural and industrial sectors.
Influence of racking equipment parameters on the capacity of a covered warehouse
Authors: Ilesaliev Daurenbek , Samatov Gaffor , Sarvirova Natalya , Mustanov Odilbek , Kutlumuratov Jumamurat
Published: December 2023

Warehouses located at cargo transfer points between different modes of transportation perform important functions in transforming cargo flows for further efficient transportation. When designing a warehouse for unit loads, the best method of cargo storage must be chosen, ensuring the fullest use of the warehouse area and minimal costs for moving cargo within the warehouse. Mathematical models have been proposed that establish relationships between individual parameters of a unit load warehouse. These models have been used to study the mutual influence of parameters on each other, as well as to determine the capacities of unit load warehouses.
Determination of device construction design and parameters for copper wire extending methods
Authors: Fayzimatov Shukhrat , Tojiyev Boburbek
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the factors that affect the surface layers that occur in the stretching methods used for processing on traction machines on copper materials, and the structures of the technological equipment, the causes of which are studied, and provides recommendations. The essence, technical function, basic elements, attachment sequence and principles of operation of the structure of the device recommended for traditional stretching methods are fully stated in the traction machines. In the process of stretching, in the centre of the working part of the device structure, the formulas for determining the compressions, stretches, elongation coefficients, voltages and tensile forces formed by plastic deformation are presented. In the structure of the device, designed with the aim of theoretical substantiation of research, the compression values in the process of stretching copper wires of the M1 brand are determined by the ratio of stretching, and the dependence of the cone angle of the technological unit on the force of gravity is determined by the parameters for the traditional method of stretching Based on these results, to stretch coloured metal wires in a cylindrical shape using ballots, the device structure is recommended as technological equipment for traction machines used in industry.
Environmental aspects of metal corrosion at oil and gas chemical enterprises
Authors: Valeev S.I.
Published: December 2023

Metal corrosion of technological equipment not only has a significant impact on industry, but also has serious consequences for the environment, being one of the causes of environmental problems. The object of research in this paper is the issue of corrosion damage to the metal of technological equipment, types of corrosion and corrosion damage, and methods of protection against corrosion. On the example of a shell and tube heat exchanger with the help of nondestructive methods of control (external and internal inspection, ultrasonic thickness measurement) the research of corrosion rate of its main elements has been carried out. According to the results of researches the calculation of corrosion rate of the main elements of the heat exchanger was carried out. The corrosion rate for the heat exchanger shell was found to be 0.37 mm/year, which exceeds the value of 0.1 mm/year, which is accepted in the design of this heat exchanger. The obtained results allowed to identify the most vulnerable places of the research object and to choose the most effective ways to protect the base metal of the heat exchanger from corrosion.
Methodological tools for the implementation of projects for the reconstruction of cultural heritage sites, taking into account the reduction of environmental impact
Authors: Uvarova Svetlana , Belyaeva Svetlana , Andryunina Yana
Published: December 2023

Investment and construction projects to reduce the environmental impact on cultural heritage sites are important, especially in connection with the implementation of the National Project to enhance domestic tourism in Russia. On one hand, there has been significant progress in developing regulatory and technical documentation for cultural heritage sites and their conservation. However, on the other hand, there is an issue with outdated cost estimation methods and normative frameworks for determining the costs, as well. Hence, the role of environmental impact on the cultural heritage sites is underestimated. This problem leads to the need to develop scientific and methodological tools for the implementation of projects for the reconstruction of the cultural heritage sites considering the reduction of the impact of harsh environmental conditions. The authors proposed a logical research design, developed and improved methodological tools for selecting projects for the conservation of cultural heritage sites and assessing the impact of local environment, and tested the proposed methodological tools using the example of a project for the reconstruction of a cultural heritage site in the Moscow region. The authors proposed methods and approaches to reduce the environmental impact on the local cultural heritage sites for better conservation of cultural heritage sites. Within a framework of Russian Federation in total, further study is considered.
Methodology of assessing the quality of mask filter elements for protection of people, and their vital functions in case of fire
Authors: Puzach Sergey , Bachurin Dmitry , Romanova Olga , Komarova Lyudmila , Rodionova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

This abstract delves into an investigation concerning the toxicity of the gaseous environment encountered in the context of fires within public structures, encompassing shopping malls and entertainment centers. These fires engender the release of a host of highly toxic gases, prominently including phosgene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide. It is noteworthy, however, that prevailing portable filtering self-rescue masks employed during the evacuation from fire-stricken areas do not offer protection against phosgene. This discrepancy is attributed, in part, to the absence of stipulated requirements for safeguarding against phosgene within the regulatory documentation governing mask specifications. In response to this, a comprehensive methodology has been devised for evaluating the protective attributes of filtering and absorbing components, concomitant with the establishment of a delineated roster of gases to serve as benchmarks for assessing reliability. The culmination of these research has resulted in the development of a novel fibrous material and a respiratory mask design, specially tailored to protect against the toxic gases encountered during fires within public structures. These innovations can improve the protective effectiveness of masks, making them better suited to protect people in such dangerous situations.
The influence of regulating the forces of the refiner disk when exposed to a fibrous semi-finished product in the production of composite materials
Authors: Vititnev Aleksandr , Alashkevich Yuri , Chistova Natalia , Matygulina Venera , Marchenko Roman
Published: December 2023

The refining process is the most important and determines the dimensional and qualitative characteristics of the semifinished fibre product, respectively, and the physical and mechanical properties of the composite materials made of it. The present work presents the results of experimental studies carried out in conditions as close as possible to the industrial conditions of the refining process of fibrous semi-finished product in the production of composite materials such as wood-fibre boards, allowing to evaluate the effectiveness of the refining set for the preparation of wood fibre in disc mills at the regulation of the created forces in the refining process. The results of the planned and implemented multifactor experiment allowed to establish the influence of normal forces created by the design of the refiner disc at regulation of the working gap and concentration of wood fibre mass, as well as their paired interaction on the intensity of changes in the main size-quality characteristics of the fibrous semi-finished product (degree of refining, average length and diameter of fibres, the ratio of length to diameter of fibres) in the process of its preparation.
The use of the sports nutrition complex BCAA + PEPTIDECOMPLEXIPH-AGAA in representatives of team sports
Authors: Kartashev Valerii , Medvedev Ilya , Kachenkova Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

Rational use of sports nutrition can have a beneficial effect on the formation of various physical qualities in an athlete. A very promising option for sports nutrition is the BCAA + PEPTIDECOMPLEXIPH-AGAA nutrition complex, which is of interest to many researchers regarding its effect on the body and especially on the quality of strength in athletes who devote themselves to team sports. In the study, 82 male athletes, including teenagers and young adults, who were regularly training basketball, football and volleyball players, received the BCAA + PEPTIDECOMPLEXIPH-AGAA nutrition complex (manufacturer Ideal Pharma Peptide, Germany) in the morning and evening for the last two months. An assessment of the level of strength development in competitive athletes who received a sports nutrition complex made it possible to identify its highest level in teenage and youth basketball players. For football and volleyball players, the achieved level of strength capabilities was somewhat lower. The results obtained allow us to recommend the BCAA + PEPTIDECOMPLEXIPH-AGAA nutrition complex to team sports athletes for the development of their muscular system.
Accident analysis of 220, 500 kV overhead lines of the main power systems network
Authors: Galiaskarov Irek , Misrikhanov Misrikhan , Ryabchenko Vladimir , Shuntov Andrey
Published: December 2023

The statistical analysis of overhead lines (OHL) of the unified national power grid (UNPG) of the Central European part of the country for the previous 15 years is subjected to statistical analysis. The structure of the failure flow parameter (failure frequency) of 220 and 500 kV overhead lines with a total length of 17.6 and 8.5 thousand kilometers, respectively, is compared. It is shown that the last decade is characterized by the most favorable reliability characteristics. At the same time, a tendency was detected, when the parameter of overhead line failure flow became insignificantly dependent on the nominal voltage of the network. This fact makes us doubt the existing belief of specialists, according to which the specific (per 100 km) failure rate of overhead transmission lines decreases with the increase of the nominal voltage of the network. The above trend once again demonstrates the objective possibility of purposeful management of electric networks reliability.
Methodological approach to assessing additional active power losses in overhead power lines at non-sinusoidal modes
Authors: Kovernikova Lidiia
Published: December 2023

Non-sinusoidal voltage in electrical networks is one of the most pressing problems in the field of power quality. In non-sinusoidal modes in electrical networks, in addition to losses of active power at the fundamental frequency, i.e. at the 1-st harmonic, active power losses occur at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency, corresponding to harmonics from 2 to 40. Additional harmonic active power losses increase losses in electrical networks, creating economic damage for both energy companies and consumers. The paper provides a review of the literature on the topic under consideration. A methodological approach is proposed to assess additional active power losses in overhead power lines. Based on the methodological approach, an analysis of the power quality indicators characterizing the non-sinusoidal mode, measured at the point of connection of 110 kV transmission line to the electrical network, was carried out, additional active power losses were determined.
Multi-criteria comparison of 220 kV switchgears which have different circuits of electrical connections
Authors: Grinev Nikolai
Published: December 2023

The paper compares different open 220 kV switchgears in the context of a new complex solution offered by the author. The solution is a polyhedron circuit topology switchgear with novel scheme and arrangement approaches. Comparison is viewed here as a multi-criteria task with the following criteria: reliability, cost-effectiveness, maintenance activities, environment friendliness, compactness. To assess reliability, an unconventional calculation model is offered. The characteristics of open switchgears with a polyhedron circuit topology are better or at least not worse than the best analogs in each criterion. For example, such switchgears are highly reliable, cost-effective in terms of capital expenditures and highly cost-effective in terms of maintenance and balance-of-plant needs (carbon footprint decrease). In terms of all the characteristics together, open switchgears with a polyhedron circuit topology outperform all the existing analogs.
Transformation of corporate governance in the face of modern challenges
Authors: Sheveleva Galina
Published: December 2023

Russian generating companies in the power industry require a certain transformation of corporate governance to reduce the investment risks associated with today’s challenges in order to increase investment attractiveness. For this purpose, the paper examines the rotation of ownership in these companies, the updated methodology of the Bank of Russia for assessing corporate governance, including in the context of the ESG agenda, HR strategy and growing digitalization. The results of a general assessment of the corporate governance of generating companies are presented; an additional analysis of the compliance of companies with the criteria for each of the sections of the Russian Corporate Governance Code was carried out; a comparative analysis of the structural characteristics of the boards of directors of Russian generating companies and foreign companies that are similar in terms of concentration of ownership (Germany) and the presence of the state in it (France) was carried out; the article presents the results of the assessment of internal documents. The generalization of the obtained data makes it possible to formulate proposals for further transformations of corporate governance in generating companies in the face of modern challenges, including new corporate governance standards with a certain set of additional compliance criteria, reorganization of boards of directors by updating the structural characteristics of the board, as well as the composition and content of internal documents.
On convergence of nonlinear topological algorithms for calculation of steady modes of electric networks
Authors: Akhmetbaev Dauren , Akhmetbaev Arman
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of topological algorithms for the formation of a steady state of a complex electrical network, on the convergence of the iterative process. For a power transmission with distributed parameters, consisting of 5 nodes with a voltage of 500 kV, operating on a system of unlimited power, it is shown that there are two solutions and the need to introduce restrictions to obtain real solutions to nonlinear systems of equations. As the regime becomes heavier, the topological method ensures convergence and slow growth of the iterative process compared to the results obtained using the RASTR software package.
Application of WAMPAC principles in distribution networks
Authors: Piskunov Sergey , Mokeev Alexey , Ulyanov Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the dissemination of principles for constructing WAMPAC systems in medium voltage networks. The authors provide the prerequisites for the use of WAMPAC in distribution networks and show the advantages of such systems over traditional ones. The first part of the paper considers directions for the development of monitoring, protection and automation systems in the distribution network. The second part is devoted to the localization of ground faults based on phasor measurement technology. The paper also presents the results of mathematical modeling and data on the experience of applying WAMPAC principles in 10 kV cable networks.
Development of a unified digital transport and logistics intelligent platform based on the National Operator
Authors: Yusupkhodjaeva G.B.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the research and development of a single digital transport and logistics intelligent platform based on the infrastructure of the National Operator. In the context of a rapidly developing transport and logistics industry, the creation of such a platform becomes a key strategic initiative. The abstract analyzes the main components and benefits of the platform, such as data integration, route and load optimization, demand forecasting, warehouse management, cargo tracking, improved planning and coordination, and analytics and reporting.
Use of composite alloys for two stator-valve electric motors
Authors: Berdiyev Usan , Sulaymonov Utkirbek , Mirakhmedova Zilola
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the methods of using composite soft magnetic alloys for two stator-valve motors of electric transports in railways. The main groups of alloys are studied, which sharply differ in the shape of the hysteresis curve and the values of the main magnetic characteristics. Variable magnetization applied as cores of electric transports. It has been established that structural changes causing the rise of mechanical and magnetic hardness of alloys.
Wear resistance analysis of HSS drill bits P6M5 and special round carbide drill bits VK8 for drilling alloyed steels and alloys
Authors: Turonov Muhammadi , Umarov Tolibjon , Normatov Sultonmurod , Bekturov Davron
Published: December 2023

This paper analyses tool life and accuracy of made holes. As a result of experiments, the revealed variation coefficients reach high values - k=0.61, which indicates significant instability of the machining process of holes. In order to verify this assumption, a series of test measurements of the geometry of the gauge plugs used in the workshop were taken.
Harmonization of countries’ information systems to increase Russian agriculture export capacity
Authors: Kuzmina Svetlana , Silaeva Vera , Marchenko Stanislav , Machulskaya Ksenia
Published: December 2023

To determine the directions for the harmonization of information processes and systems in Russia and foreign countries (China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines) the article considers social and economic policies, quality infrastructures and innovation-driven growth of the economies of states as elements of the existing standardization systems of these countries. Taking into account the geopolitical situation that has affected the transformation and growth of Russia's agricultural export, the article identifies barriers that reduce the effectiveness of trade interaction between countries and suggests ways to increase exports of Russian agro- industrial products to Asia-Pacific countries by harmonizing information processes and systems using standardization tools.
Exploring the potential of Bacillus subtilis as an additive for decontamination of feed
Authors: Valiullin Lenar , Mukhammadiev Rishat , Sevostyanov Mikhail , Demin Dmitry , Karimullina Ilsiyar , Mukhammadieva Alina , Gumerov Vali , Sorokina Diana , Yarullin Ainur , Mukhammadiev Rinat
Published: December 2023

Fusariotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, fumonisins) are secondary metabolites of Fusarium species of fungi that parasitize various plants or are present on them as facultative pathogens. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of bacteria that have antimicrobial activity against toxin-producing Fusarium species to detoxify toxic fungal metabolites in order to create additives that improve the quality and safety of feed and other agricultural products. A total of 207 bacterial isolates belonging to various genera and species have been studied. The isolate, designated as RF-45, was characterized by a broad spectrum and a high level of antagonistic activity against most species of Fusarium fungi. Based on morphological-physiological and biochemical studies, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the RF-45 isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The bacillary isolate was distinguished by its ability to produce various hydrolytic enzymes (CMCase, avicelasa, β-glucosidase, FPase and xylanase) and antimicrobial metabolites (siderophores, bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides), as well as to detoxify toxic fungal metabolites. It was concluded that B. subtilis RF-45 can be used as an object for creating additives capable of decontaminating feed and other agricultural products.
Innovative fully soluble NPK gel fertilizers based on biopolymers with controlled release of nutrients
Authors: Ikramov Muboshir , Zakirov Bakhtiyor , Nazirova Rakhnamokhon
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this work was to obtain and evaluate the properties of two innovative fertilizers based on multicomponent polymers, characterized by the controlled release of nutrients. One of the methods is based on the use of multicomponent liquid fertilizers containing different amounts of microelements NPK 15-10-50 with polyacrylamide hydrogel. The second method involves cross-linking biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol with multi-component NPK fertilizers.
Influence of limiting factors on the physiologicale processes of plants of the genus Solanum
Authors: Zakharov Dmitry , Stepanova Eugenia , Paskhin Mark , Kazantseva Dina , Kosolapov Vladimir , Gudkov Sergey , Semenova Natalia , Glinushkin Alexey , Yanykin Denis
Published: December 2023

The effect on transpiration in tomato on different tiers (Crisis tiers) was studied, which consisted of increasing transpiration parameters in option 1 (Standard) and option 2 (Load). The influence of regulated photosynthetic flow on the studied tomato under different conditions was studied. Changes in transpiration parameters (from 1.4*10-5 mol m-2 s-1 to 1.3*10-3 mol m-2 s-1) are reflected in the graphs. The portable LI-COR LI- 6800 system successfully measured several parameters in the same area of the leaf: photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration (mol m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (mol m-2 s -1). The average level of transpiration in the studied tomato on crisis tiers is different and is, in option 1 (Standard): 1.6 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1± 1*10-5 mol m-2 s-1, in option 2 (Load): 3.1 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 2*10-5 mol m-2 s-1. The average level of transpiration of the studied tomato on the control layer, in option 1 (standard) is 2.2 * 10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 3 * 10-6 mol m-2 s-1, in option 2 (Load) is 3.6 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 4 *10-6 mol m-2 s-1.
Dynamic growth model for oak stands in Moscow, Russia
Authors: Lebedev Aleksandr , Gemonov Aleksandr , Koryakina Olga
Published: December 2023

The most objective information about the state of Moscow’s forests is provided by long-term observation data on permanent trial plots. Such data makes it possible to identify changes in forest stands under the influence of recreationists, environmental pollution, and climate change. Long-term observational data are particularly valuable in modeling forest stand growth and productivity. The goal of the study is to develop a dynamic model of the growth of oak stands in Moscow based on long-term observation data. The modelling data were obtained from 7 plots of the permanent sample plot network established by the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. There are a total of 42 inventories and the number of inventories per plot range from 3 to 9. Inventories were carried out between 1927 and 2009. We used three initial state variables for prediction, as in many studies. Taking into account the peculiarities of the inventory of forest stands in Russia, the mean height, quadratic mean diameter and number of trees per hectare were used as initial variables. All obtained models meet the requirements for forest inventory in Russia in terms of error values of stand attributes. The model in this study provides a simple and reliable system for predicting the growth and yield of Moscow oak stands.
Bioactive peptides of amaranth: isolation and determination of antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties
Authors: Mescheryakova O.L. , Sviridova T. V. , Anokhina E.P. , Korneeva O.S.
Published: December 2023

Hydrolysis of the amaranth protein isolate (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Voronezh variety) protein isolate by trypsin, papain and alkalase was carried out in order to obtain biologically active peptides with antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities. A high degree of protein hydrolysis was shown by trypsin during the first two hours, papain between three and four hours, and alkalase after four hours of hydrolysis. The rate of cleaved protein increased from the first two hours of hydrolysis from 40%, 30% and 15% to 78%, 70% and 60% when trypsin, papain, alkalase were applied, respectively. Maximum hydrolysis of the amaranth protein was observed after 6 h of proteolysis by all enzyme preparations. The molecular weights of the hydrolysis products of the amaranth protein after 2, 4 and 6 h of hydrolysis were determined. All hydrolysates showed a high content of polypeptides with molecular masses of 33 kDa, 18-23 kDa, 52-54 kDa, 40-54 kDa, 6.5-15 kDa. Short-chain peptides with molecular masses of 624 to 2817 Da were detected in the hydrolysates after 6 h of proteolysis. It was determined by capillary electrophoresis method that all protein hydrolysates after 6 h of hydrolysis contain amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, alanine, leucine, valine, proline, alanine) responsible for antioxidant activity of peptides in the studied hydrolysates. The antioxidant activity of peptides in all hydrolysates of amaranth protein isolate was determined by ABTS cation radical reduction method for 6 min. Hypocholesterolemic activity of peptides was shown in protein hydrolysates by trypsin and papain.
Financial instruments in the trade of forest products
Authors: Sushko Olga
Published: December 2023

The development of exchange trading in Russia is an urgent topic in connection with the modern transformation of the market for timber products under the influence of the pressure of sanctions restrictions on Russian producers, the restriction of supplies to Europe. Another important aspect of the relevance of the topic is related to ensuring transparency and reducing the shadow relations of participants in the market. The purpose of the study is to determine the current situation of stock trading and to identify the pricing patterns of spot and futures quotations for timber products. The paper highlights a number of issues of the current situation of exchange trading of timber products in Russia and world exchanges, highlights the specifics of exchange trading of timber products, and identifies the main factors determining the low liquidity of exchange trading. In 2021, the volume of timber trading on the Russian stock exchange amounted to 1% of the total volume of harvesting, which is the minimum trading volume, and therefore does not allow the formation of a relevant market price index. The paper considers the pricing of spot and futures quotations for timber products. The dynamics of bleached softwood pulp futures on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHFE), pulp and paper futures on the Norwegian Stock Exchange (NOREXECO) are analyzed. Modern measures and measures for the future up to 2025 aimed at activating exchange trading in LPC products, increasing the liquidity of the futures market for timber products are considered. The study shows the advantages of exchange trading, and possible prospects for the development of exchange trading of timber products in Russia.
Space weather and hypertensive crises at high Latitudes (in Yakutsk)
Authors: Strekalovskaya Alyona , Petrova Palmira , Samsonov Sergey , Parshina Svetlana , Oskolkova Anna
Published: December 2023

The space weather impact on the health status of people with cardiovascular diseases is quite significant and it has been shown by many researchers. To examine this relationship at high latitudes, we made a Yakutsk ambulance electronic database analysis. The significant coincidences of geomagnetic disturbance indicators (Kp-index - a global geophysical disturbance index) and the increased blood pressure emergency calls number have been determined during the high solar activity years. The blood pressure increase cases analysis shows that patients with primary essential arterial hypertension (AH) seek medical help in 57%. Furthermore, 7% of AH patients experienced a hypertensive crisis (HC) with an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 180 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 120 mm Hg. The medical data analysis and the space weather data (Kp-index) comparison demonstrate a significant coincidence, which became the main base for the conclusion that heliogeophysical disturbance effects on the cardiovascular system state of a person living at high latitudes.
Institutional approaches to internal audit in agricultural organisations
Authors: Danchikov E.A. , Kovalenko Y. N. , Kovalenko S.N.
Published: December 2023

Substantiation. The internal audit system is an integral part of business management in agribusiness organisations. It allows to identify deficiencies, improve processes and increase the quality of agricultural products. Objective. The purpose of the study is the formation of an institutional approach to the implementation of internal audit of agro- industrial organisations The work is theoretical in nature and aims to develop methodological approaches of internal audit of the organisation. Materials and methods. The study predetermines the study of the regulatory and legal framework, as well as a review of the opinions of different authors on the problems of internal audit. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis, induction, deduction, abstraction in the organisations of agro-industrial complex. Results. In terms of the institutional approach, awareness about the internal audit system requires an assessment of the interrelationships between the so-called “institutions” of the agro-industrial complex organisation. The relationship between them is determined by a set of institutional mechanisms that determine the way the system functions. In this context such institutional mechanisms as ensuring the independence of internal auditors, the use of analytical procedures at different stages of internal audit, as well as the use of risk-oriented approach are considered. The article considers the peculiarities of planning and conducting internal audit. The main stages of internal audit of agro-industrial complex are formed.
Environmental tragedy of Central Asia: the Aral Sea problem
Authors: Matkholikov Kakhramonjon , Xudayorov Axmadjon
Published: December 2023

The whole natural system contributes to the creation of the most favorable environment for a stable environment, biological life, and especially human life. Nature is not the wealth of mankind, it is the natural world that surrounds it, and man is a part of it. The formation of a system of knowledge about the state of human and environmental protection and the interaction between the hazardous impacts of the polluted environment creates the problem of creating a unified and integrated system for environmental security. “Ecological exploitation” of totalitarian, authoritarian policies in the post-Soviet system is one of the main reasons for the emergence of a severe environmental situation in the country. The negative consequences of this policy were particularly evident in the globalization of the Aral Sea problem, which began in the 1960s. This article covers environmental and natural security issues in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the Aral Sea, one of the strongest natural disasters in the region. Key words: Natural security, The Aral problem, environmental protection, environmental cooperation
The anthropogenization of the middle Protva basin landscapes during the medieval period
Authors: Nizovtsev V. A. , Erman N. M.
Published: December 2023

For many decades, studying the historical dynamics of environmental management and development of natural-anthropogenic landscapes in the central regions of the European part of Russia has remained a topical issue within the retrospective analysis of the human-environment interaction. The main research methods are field landscape mapping, retrospective reconstructions of natural resource management, and archaeological and historical data consolidation. The environmental management processes within the Middle Protva basin during the medieval period were periodized. A direct correlation between different forms of the management of natural resources and specific landscape conditions was revealed.
Exploring the relationship between soil chemical composition and NDVI index using AI
Authors: Lebedev Ivan , Ogorodnikov Sergey
Published: December 2023

This scientific article presents the results of research focused on developing a method for predicting the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on soil chemical composition using a multilayer artificial intelligence (AI) model. This method aims to improve the accuracy and predictive capability of land resource assessment, as well as the impact of chemical factors on vegetation. The study involved collecting soil chemical composition data in various conditions, providing a wide range of information for analysis. For NDVI assessment, a key indicator of vegetation condition, data from modern Earth observation satellite systems were used. The central aspect of the research is the multilayer AI model based on the Rosenblatt perceptron, capable of detecting complex nonlinear relationships between soil chemical parameters and NDVI. The training algorithm was tuned for maximum accuracy and generalization of results. The results show that the developed model provides high accuracy in NDVI predictions, making it an important tool for agriculture, ecology, and sustainable land use. These findings highlight the potential of using AI and soil data to optimize agricultural production, monitor ecosystems, and manage land resources.
Methodological aspects of assessing conservation agriculture efficency
Authors: Toigildin A.L. , Toigildina I.A. , Aupov D.E. , Muhametvaleev L.R. , Chizhikova G.A.
Published: December 2023

The current research is aimed at working out methodological basis of assessing conservation agriculture efficiency based on the practical experience. The traditional system of land use is now to be totally reconsidered due to its negative environmental effects with new practices to be implemented that can increase productivity, protect soil from degradation and deal with the current climatic crisis, i.e. help adapt to the climate change, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration. Conservation agriculture (CA) is the technology that can help overcome all the above mentioned challenges being defined as the approach of managing agricultural ecosystems that provides for the sustainable agricultural production, lower energetic and labor expenses and higher efficiency of utilizing soil and water resources. Given its major goal of preserving soil health conservation agriculture is to be evaluated based on the combination of ecological and economic effects, rather than on the economic effect separately. The current methods of evaluating eco-economic efficiency of the technology based on estimating soil carbon changes and methods of its recovery with adding organic fertilizers cannot be applied in practice now due to the lack of organic fertilizers and high costs of chemical analyses to measure soil carbon changes. The current study presents a new methodology to assess eco-economic effect of conservation agriculture practice based on assessing already adopted economic indicators and soil carbon changes dynamics (t CO2/ha/year) from specific agricultural practices with the subsequent estimation of carbon credit units that farmers can sell at a carbon market.
Results of germination of winter wheat, oats and mung bean using new energized fertilizer (GVG)
Authors: Griguletsky Vladimir , Skamarokhova Alexandra , Yurin Denis , Svistunov Andrey , Gneush Anna
Published: December 2023

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of a new complex energized fertilizer (GVG) based on natural raw materials - alkaline salts of naphthenic acids on germination and germination energy, seeds of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) of Tanya variety, oats (Avena sativa L.) of Valdin765 variety and legume mung bean (Vigna radiata) of Tajiksky 1 variety. On the seventh day of germination of winter wheat in the experimental variant, the length of the seedlings exceeded the control variant by 28.0%. In oats, the length of sprouts in the experimental variant is 23.6% longer than in the control variant. In the experimental group, mung bean sprouts were 13.4% longer than the control. Due to the fact that the new energized fertilizers (GVG) include a large number of microelements necessary for the full development of plants (Na, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, Al, Si, Ti, Pb, Sn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), seeds of these crops treated with GVG solution showed better results compared to the control. This study allows us to assert that it is advisable to use the new energized fertilizer in production in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of various crops in order to increase their yield.
Effect of vermitea on morphological parameters of wheat seedlings
Authors: Maximova Alina , Gummer Yana , Khan Imran , Kurovsky Alexander , Kornievskaya Ekaterina , Babenko Andrey
Published: December 2023

It was shown that low concentrations of vermitea stimulated the development of wheat seedlings under water culture conditions. Both shoot length and root length were statistically significantly longer in the vermitea nutrient solution than in the control (Hewitt’s solution). A very strong positive correlation (r=0.99) was found between the content of humic acids in hydroponic solutions and the length of roots formed by wheat seedlings.