bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Intraneuronal Accumulation of Carboxyl-terminal Fragments of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Trigger Early Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Lauritzen I. , Pardossi-Piquard R. , Bourgeois A. , Bécot A. , Checler F.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with extracellular accumulation and
aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides ultimately seeding in senile plaques. Recent data show that their
direct precursor C99 (βCTF) also accumulates in AD-affected brain as well as in AD-like mouse models.
C99 is consistently detected much earlier than Aβ, suggesting that this metabolite could be an early
contributor to AD pathology. C99 accumulates principally within endolysosomal and autophagic structures
and its accumulation was described as both a consequence and one of the causes of endolysosomalautophagic
pathology, the occurrence of which has been documented as an early defect in AD. C99 was
also accompanied by C99-derived C83 (αCTF) accumulation occurring within the same intracellular
organelles. Both these CTFs were found to dimerize leading to the generation of higher molecular
weight CTFs, which were immunohistochemically characterized in situ by means of aggregate-specific
antibodies.

Discussion:

Here, we discuss studies demonstrating a direct link between the accumulation of C99 and
C99-derived APP-CTFs and early neurotoxicity. We discuss the role of C99 in endosomal-lysosomalautophagic
dysfunction, neuroinflammation, early brain network alterations and synaptic dysfunction as
well as in memory-related behavioral alterations, in triple transgenic mice as well as in newly developed
AD animal models.

Conclusion:

This review summarizes current evidence suggesting a potential role of the β -secretasederived
APP C-terminal fragment C99 in Alzheimer’s disease etiology
Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Regulation and Cardiovascular Adaptations to Dynamic Exercise
Authors: Bassareo Pier P. , Crisafulli Antonio
Published: March 2019

Exercise is a major challenge for cardiovascular apparatus since it recruits chronotropic, inotropic, pre-load, and afterload reserves. Regular physical training induces several physiological adaptations leading to an increase in both cardiac volume and mass. It appears that several genderrelated physiological and morphological differences exist in the cardiovascular adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise in humans. In this respect, gender may be important in determining these adjustments and adaptations to dynamic exercise due to genetic, endocrine, and body composition differences between sexes. Females seem to have a reduced vasoconstriction and a lower vascular resistance in comparison to males, especially after exercise. Significant differences exist also in the cardiovascular adaptations to physical training, with trained women showing smaller cardiac volume and wall thickness compared with male athletes. In this review, we summarize these differences.
YIĞMA YAPILARDA GÜÇLENDİRMENİN MALİYET VE YAPISAL EMNİYET AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKÇAY Cemil , YILDIZLAR Barış
Published: March 2019

Son
yıllarda yığma yapılar uygulamada tercih sıralamasında popülerliğini yitirerek,
yerini çelik, betonarme ya da karma yapılara bırakmıştır. Önceki dönemlerde
imal edilmiş ve kısmen günümüzde eser niteliği taşıyan yığma yapıların zaman
içerisinde sahip olması gereken yapısal emniyet seviyesinden herhangi bir
nedenle uzaklaşarak onarımı ya da güçlendirilmesi gerektiği durumlarda, diğer
yapı türlerine göre olanakların kısıtlı olduğu ve konvansiyonel yöntemlerinin
uygulanmasının mümkün olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bazı uygulamalarda yapı dokusu
ile paralellik göstermeyen malzeme ve yöntemlerin onarım veya güçlendirme
çalışmalarına yön vermesi neticesinde yapının mevcut durumundan daha negatif
yönde etkilendiği yapılan analizlerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, tarihi
yığma yapıların güçlendirilmesinde çelik ya da betonarme elemanların taşıyıcı
sistemi olumsuz etkilemesi, yapısal elemanların zayıf olduğu düzlem ya da
doğrultularda ilave yüklere yol açması, bunun yanı sıra zaman içerisinde
meydana gelen kimyasal reaksiyonların mevcut orijinal malzemede bozulma,
deformasyon ve dayanım kaybına neden olması nedeniyle söz konusu elemanlar
tercih edilmemektedir. Bu durumda yapının orijinal malzemesi ile uyumlu
materyaller ile düşey taşıyıcı elemanlara uygulanan kesit artırımı yaklaşımı
benimsenmektedir. Bu çalışmada incelenen tescilli tarihi eser yığma yapı
örneğinde, orijinal malzeme dokusuyla uyumlu yeni malzeme kullanılarak düşey
taşıyıcı elemanların kesit artırımı yapılması hususunun yapısal emniyete ve
maliyete etkisi irdelenmiştir.
ULAŞIM TÜRÜ TANIMADA ENERJİ KISITLI CİHAZLAR İÇİN AYIRT EDİCİ ÖZELLİKLER
Authors: YASLI Fethiye , GÜVENSAN M. Amaç
Published: March 2019

Bireysel ulaşım şekli,
trafik planlama ve insan sağlığı araştırmalarında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir.
Kişilerin ulaşım alışkanlıkları analiz edilerek şehirlerde yeni hatların
planlaması çok daha verimli bir şekilde yapılabilir. Bu alışkanlıkları tespit etmenin
yollarından bir tanesi de kişilerin kullandıkları akıllı telefonlar veya
saatler üzerinden toplanan algılayıcı verilerinin işlenerek ulaşım türü tespiti
yapılmasıdır. Akıllı telefonların ve saatlerin hayatımıza girmesiyle, ulaşım
türü belirleme üzerine yapılan çalışmalar artmıştır. Öte yandan, bu cihazların
enerji kısıtları olması sebebiyle ulaşım türü tanıma uygulamalarının mümkün
olduğunca az enerji tüketmesi istenmektedir. Bu nedenle ulaşım türü tanımada
kullanılan öznitelikler oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada akıllı telefon üzerinde
bulunan ivme ölçer, jiroskop, mıknatıs ölçer ve yön algılayıcıları kullanılarak
toplanan ham veriden zaman ve frekans alanında öznitelikler elde edilmiştir. Öznitelikler,
Zaman, Frekans, Zaman+Frekans tiplerine göre ayırılarak, farklı sınıflandırma
algoritmaları üzerindeki başarıya etkileri incelenmiştir. Sınıflandırma
algoritması olarak J48, Rastgele Orman (Random Forest), Destek Vektör
Makineleri (SVM), En Yakın k Komşuluk (k-NN) ve Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı
algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan testler sonucunda en başarılı algoritma
%95,06 ile Rastgele Orman algoritması olurken, Zaman+Frekans alanında elde
edilen özniteliklerin Zaman alanındaki özniteliklere göre sadece %0,5 daha iyi
sonuç ürettiği görülmüştür.
CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUTION OF REMOVAL CONDITIONS OF LEAD-ZINC-COPPER FLOTATION PLANT WASTE
Authors: SAYILGAN Emine , KARACAN Gözde
Published: March 2019

A large amount of mining waste occures due to the intensive mining activities in our country. These wastes may contain different pollutants depending on the type of mining facilities. The lead-zinc-copper flotation waste was investigated in this study contains significantly calcium, iron, magnesium and sulfur elements. The presence of high concentrations of these elements has an environmental problem. For this reason, in this article, firstly, the mine waste was obtained from the Gümüştaş Mining Corporation, the Lead-Zinc-Copper Enhancement Plant. Then, characterization and iron and sulphate removal experiments were investigated under different inorganic acids. Experimental studies showed that about 30% iron and 85% sulphate removal yields were obtained with 4 M HCl concentration.
Toward Continuous Social Phenotyping: Analyzing Gaze Patterns in an Emotion Recognition Task for Children With Autism Through Wearable Smart Glasses (Preprint)
Authors: Nag Anish , Haber Nick , Voss Catalin , Tamura Serena , Daniels Jena , Ma Jeffrey , Chiang Bryan , Ramachandran Shasta , Schwartz Jessey , Winograd Terry , Feinstein Carl , Wall Dennis P
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Several studies have shown that facial attention differs in children with autism. Measuring eye gaze and emotion recognition in children with autism is challenging, as standard clinical assessments must be delivered in clinical settings by a trained clinician. Wearable technologies may be able to bring eye gaze and emotion recognition into natural social interactions and settings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to test: (1) the feasibility of tracking gaze using wearable smart glasses during a facial expression recognition task and (2) the ability of these gaze-tracking data, together with facial expression recognition responses, to distinguish children with autism from neurotypical controls (NCs).

METHODS

We compared the eye gaze and emotion recognition patterns of 16 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 17 children without ASD via wearable smart glasses fitted with a custom eye tracker. Children identified static facial expressions of images presented on a computer screen along with nonsocial distractors while wearing Google Glass and the eye tracker. Faces were presented in three trials, during one of which children received feedback in the form of the correct classification. We employed hybrid human-labeling and computer vision–enabled methods for pupil tracking and world–gaze translation calibration. We analyzed the impact of gaze and emotion recognition features in a prediction task aiming to distinguish children with ASD from NC participants.

RESULTS

Gaze and emotion recognition patterns enabled the training of a classifier that distinguished ASD and NC groups. However, it was unable to significantly outperform other classifiers that used only age and gender features, suggesting that further work is necessary to disentangle these effects.

CONCLUSIONS

Although wearable smart glasses show promise in identifying subtle differences in gaze tracking and emotion recognition patterns in children with and without ASD, the present form factor and data do not allow for these differences to be reliably exploited by machine learning systems. Resolving these challenges will be an important step toward continuous tracking of the ASD phenotype.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis derived proteins induce caspase-independent apoptosis in bovine macrophages
Authors: Maciel-Rivera Anaid , Flores-Villalva Susana , Jímenez-Vázquez Itzel , Catalán-Barcenas Omar , Espitia-Pinzón Clara Inés , Morán Julio , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Benítez-Guzmán Alejandro , Alfonseca-Silva Edgar , Gutiérrez-Pabello José Ángel
Published: March 2019

Species of the genus Mycobacterium are capable of inducing cell apoptosis. Infected cells with M. tuberculosis undergo apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. We have previously shown that whole Mycobacterium bovis cells and derived crude protein extracts were able to trigger apoptosis through a caspase independent mechanism. However, the identity of the protein or protein fractions capable of inducing apoptosis has not been determined. In this study, bovine macrophages were incubated in the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant proteins and Mycobacterium bovis protein extracts to identify proteins capable of inducing apoptosis. A subgroup of proteins and protein extracts from strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were shown to induce DNA fragmentation in bovine macrophages through a caspase independent pathway. Our findings suggest that bovine macrophages may elicit a different response to mycobacterium infection than that displayed by murine or human cells.
Social Capital Existence in Bali’s Microfinance: Evidence from Village Credit Institution (LPD)
Authors: Sundarianingsih Pera , Ashar Khusnul , Saputra Putu Mahardika Adi
Published: March 2019

Bali has two village governance systems: administrative-village and customary-village. Administrative-village is the extension of government’s authority in administrative aspects. Meanwhile, customary-village (pakraman village) denotes traditional institution that has a function to organize krama (residents) based on the awig-awig (customary law). The role of customary-village is fundamental in carrying on the custom and culture of Bali as well as triggering the economical aspect from the society through Village Credit Institution (LPD). This study is intended to describe the existence of social capital over the LPD by employing inductive-qualitative approach. Social capital over the LPD can improve the societies’ harmony that have been established in advance. Furthermore, the social capital bonding, bridging and linking can be used continuously in social life.
Leadership Style of Transformational Key User in the Success of the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning in the Universities in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanto Heri , Haryono Tulus
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study is aimed to analyze to what extend is the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) by involving transformational key user leadership style as the moderating variable. This study used DeLone and McLean information system success model approach. There are 285 universities in east Java, Indonesia as the population. As for this study, 164 universities are chosen as the samples by using the disproportionate stratified random sampling through organizational unit analysis. The instrument that is used to analyze the data is Structural equation Modeling (SEM) program Amos 22. The constructs used to make the model are transformational key user leadership, System Quality, and User Satisfaction. The result showed that the quality system has no influence towards the user satisfaction, and transformational key user leadership style moderates the quality system influences the quality system on the user satisfaction.
Endogeneidad y autoorganización como propiedades dinámicas de los clústeres productivos / Endogeneity and Self-Organization as Dynamic Properties of Productive Clusters
Authors: Custodio González Carlos Alejandro
Published: March 2019

El desarrollo es un fenómeno colectivo territorial que sintetiza la expresión espaciotemporal de la interacción de tres estructuras sistémicas: social, productiva y organizacional. La dinámica de las interacciones es regulada por la endogeneidad y la autoorganización. El objetivo del presente artículo fue determinar qué componentes estructurales de la endogeneidad y la autoorganización aseguran la reproducción socioterritorial en el tiempo de los clústeres productivos.La base metodológica de esta investigación estuvo integrada por tres fases: 1) la identificación de las variables empleadas en estudios empíricos de los clústeres; 2) el análisis de las interacciones entre las variables a partir del análisis de redes sociales, y 3) la caracterización de los atributos de los elementos que estructuran la dinámica de un clúster de base agrícola.Los resultados muestran que los componentes que definen la dinámica de los clústeres son los siguientes: empresas, centros de formación y red de comunicaciones. Se concluye que la sinergia entre el componente endógeno y de autoorganización constituye la base funcional del sistema territorial para configurar estados temporales de bienestar colectivo.
Hamzah Al-Fansuri: A Figure of Malay-Indonesian Philosophical Mysticism and Sufi Literature
Authors: Harahap Khoirul Amru
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses Hamzah al-Fansuri and his mysticsm philosophical thought and his sufi literature. His mysticism philosopical thought was very controversial that it raises debates in in his era. One of the hardest figure that attack his mysticism philosophical thought was Nuruddin ar-Raniri. This sunni’s mysticism figure considered al-Fansuri a deviate mysticism, zindiq and mulhid (heathen). Mysticism concept he practiced was the concept of wahdah al-wujud or known as wujudiyah concept, which is mostly affected by Ibnu ‘Arabi. Al-Fansuri’s Wujudiyah concept is a concept stating that wujud (existency) is essentially one, even though it seems a lot. All things that are seen a lot by the sense organ, actually just appearance of a form of existency, Allah. However, al-Fansuri separated it between intrinsic form and inherent form.  Inherent form is actually nothing, it can be fana’ at every time, and it does not exist without an essential being. Even though he practiced wujudiyah concept, he is strongly refused ittihad concept (the united of the sufi with God) and hulul concept (God put a place from the body of someone). Meanwhile, his sufi literature has 6 characteristics: 1. He used authorship markers. 2. He quoted a lot of verses of Quran, hadith, and Arabic words. 3. He put his name and nick name in the end of his poetry ties. 4. He used imageries and metaphorical symbolic. 5.  He was clever in joining diction with rhythm in a balanced way. 6. He was clever in joining metaphysics sense, logical and sufi aesthetic in his poems.
Financial and economic development link in transitional economies: a spectral Granger causality analysis 1991?2017
Authors: Skare Marinko , Porada-Rochoń Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

Research background: The relationship between financial development and economic growth has been attracting attention in the field of economics since the times of the ?great moderation?. Previous empirical studies still fail to put forward a general conclusion on whether and how financial development affects economic growth. This is particularly true due to the lack of empirical research on the matter in question for countries in transition.

Purpose of the article: This study aims to contribute to bridging the gap in the financial development-growth nexus in transitional economies. Understanding the mechanism behind financial development and economic growth should assist policymakers in the design of efficient economic policies or avoiding/alleviating financial cycles.

Methods: Using Granger causality test in frequency domain, which shows to have more power over standard time domain Granger causality test, as well as gross domestic product (GDP) and the monetary base (M2 ? intermediate money), we investigated the finance-growth relationship in 19 Central, East, and Southeast European countries (CESEE) from 1991 to 2017.

Findings & Value added: Study results show that financial development is important for growth in CESEE countries, thus supporting the ?supply-leading? theories in general for countries in the sample. Our findings indicate that the relationship between financial development and economic growth exists in CESEE countries (with one exception ? the Czech Republic) ranging from unidirectional (Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Belarus, Estonia, Macedonia, Russia, Turkey), to bi-directional spectral Granger causality (Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Ukraine).
Spatial wage inequality and its sectoral determinants: the case of modern Russia
Authors: Malkina Marina
Published: March 2019

Research background: We assume that the dynamics of spatial wage inequality can be caused by both shifts in the sectoral structures of regional economies and changes in inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral (inter-regional) wage inequality.

Purpose of the article: The paper is aimed at analysis of the sectoral factors influenced the spatial wage inequality in Russia in 2005-2014.

Methods: The employment-weighted Gini coefficient was applied for assessment of spatial wage inequality; the modified Lerman-Yitzhaki technique allowed to decompose it by main economic activities and their determinants; the mixed methods of factor analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of sectoral determinants to regional wage convergence in Russia.

Findings & Value added: We found a weak and inconsistent convergence of Russian regions in average wage over the period under review and explained it by the opposing forces in the main economic activities. The spatial convergence was basically created by mining, manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and transport and communications activities, while wholesale and retail trade, financial intermediation and real estate operations counteracted it. The convergence was mainly facilitated by a reduction in inter-sectoral differences in wages as well as by rapprochement of the employment structures in some economic activities of Russian regions. In the meanwhile, the migration of labor force from lower wage to higher wage activities negatively affected the smoothing regional differences. Ultimately, intra-sectoral wage inequality and wages correlation in various activities rather preserved inequality. The results are applicable in the management of spatial inequality both at the regional and national levels.
Limitations in availability of food in Ukraine as a result of loss and waste
Authors: Kotykova Olena , Babych Mykola
Published: March 2019

Research background: The commitment to increasing the volume of agricultural production remains the main strategy for food supply in Ukraine. In fact, such an approach does not solve the problem of the limitation of food?s physical availability. It works quite the opposite way, as there is a guaranteed food loss and waste, worsened environmental situation and decreased level of economic availability of food.

Purpose of the article: According to the results of the empirical study, the volume of food shortages has been determined as a result of food loss and waste, food surpluses in case of compliance with the rational consumption norms and zero food loss and waste, as well as potential social benefits from reducing food loss and waste.

Methods: The research of the limitation of the physical availability of the different types of products as a result of food loss and waste was carried out according to the methodology developed by the authors. In particular, for the group of products in which the consumption deficit is established in a small number of regions ? the main indicator is the "production surplus in the conditions when the rational consumption norms and zero food loss are met"; for the group of products in which the consumption deficit is established in the vast majority of regions ? the main calculation indicators are the "production shortage in the conditions when the rational consumption norms and zero food loss are met" and the "specific gravity of the consumption shortage, which occurs as a result of food loss and waste".

Findings & Value added: The obtained results are crucially important for shaping of the food security policy. Reducing of the food loss and waste has positive social consequences through the expansion of the physical availability of food, which, under other conditions, leads to greater economic availability of products, as well as contributes to the gender equality and poverty reduction for rural residents.
Entrepreneurial propensity index of university students. The case study from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland
Authors: Dvorský Ján , Petráková Zora , Zapletalíková Eliška , Rózsa Zoltán
Published: March 2019

Research background: Promotion of the entrepreneurship has an important role in the society, and the direct relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth of the country is proven. Universities education should be one of the pillars to build the business environment and the entrepreneurial propensity of the students in the entrepreneurship.

Purpose of the article: The paper aimed to define and quantify significant factors that shape the entrepreneurial propensity of university students and create the entrepreneurial propensity index. A part of this aim was a comparison of defined factors in the Czech Republic (CR), Slovakia (SR) and Poland (PL).

Methods: The survey-based research was conducted with students in the last year of their economic studies on the universities. 1,352 students from 25 universities in selected countries were approached during research. A custom Entrepreneurial Propensity Index was created that was implemented separately for CR, SR and PL.

Findings & Value added: The research brought interesting findings. The aggregated Entrepreneurial Propensity Index in the Czech Republic reached the value of 0.470, which was higher than that of Slovakia (0.424) and Poland (0.412). The evaluation of the quality of university education is similarly positive in all countries (CR: 0.659, PL: 0.589, SR: 0.592). Czech students gave access to the financial resources and the role of macroeconomic environment got a higher rating than Slovak and Polish students. On the contrary, Poland students gave the social environment and business advantages a higher rating than Czech and Slovak students. The evaluation of the personality traits is more positive in Slovakia. The most positive indicator for all students is that doing business enables to make use of own abilities and own solutions.
A Theory of Housing Demand Shocks
Authors:   Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Dong Ding , Liu Zheng ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Wang Pengfei ,   Peking University, Zha Tao ,   Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
Published: March 2019

Housing demand shocks in standard macroeconomic models are a primary source of house price fluctuations, but those models have difficulties in generating the observed large volatility of house prices relative to rents. We provide a microeconomic foundation for the reduced-form housing demand shocks with a tractable heterogenous-agent framework. In our model with heterogeneous beliefs, an expansion of credit supply raises housing demand of optimistic buyers and boosts house prices without affecting rents. A credit supply shock also leads to a positive correlation between house trading volumes and house prices. The theoretical mechanism and model predictions are supported by empirical evidence, and the results are robust to alternative specifications of heterogeneity.
Monitoring of self-employment in private households in the context of active employment policy
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management, Volovskaya Nina Mikhailovna , Plyusnina Lidia Konstantinovna ,   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management, Inozemtseva Anna Valeryevna ,   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management
Published: March 2019

The study discusses the development of self-employment in private households in Novosibirsk region. The aforementioned phenomenon is considered from the perspective of the government policy on active employment designed to reduce unemployment among rural residents. Self-employment is beneficial for both the unemployed population and the state. It gives unoccupied rural residents an opportunity to find a decent workplace for the successful fulfillment of their knowledge, abilities, and skills, facilitates their adaptation to hardships, and provides financial support for their family. Self-employment makes it possible for the state to resist unemployment. The study is based on surveys of unemployed citizens and self-employed people in the field of private households. Theoretical research methods include comparison, compilation, analysis, and synthesis; the empirical ones involve a survey and a questionnaire. The purpose of the study is to compare the views of unemployed people and self-employed in private households on various aspects of their activity management (motives, scope of activity, forms of organization, assistance, and support) and identify the challenges and benefits of the transition to self-employment, the necessary assistance and support by the public authorities. The research confirms the hypothesis of the high economic and social importance of self-employment in private households for unoccupied population. The authors conclude that self-employment remains a high priority for the active employment policy in rural areas that requires further development as it enhances the engagement of unemployed citizens, increases their self-esteem, improves their living conditions, facilitates their social reintegration, and reduces social tensions.
The concept of sacred in the French sociological school
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kapishin Aleksandr Evgenyevich
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the concept of sacred in the French sociological school. While creating this theory, E. Durkheim and M. Mauss criticized the views of classical English anthropologists who identified cults as animistic practices. E. Durkheim invoked the concept of religion by W. Robertson Smith, developed and changed his main ideas to some extent. Further ideas of E. Durkheim and his followers were based on the theory of totemism as the original historical form of sacredness with no place for gods as supernatural persons. Another feature of the concept of sacred was the division of society into the sacred and profane spheres. It was popular with the French scientific environment, but British social anthropologists failed to accept it. The French theory of sacred was supplemented by the idea of M. Mauss about “mana” as an impersonal magical power without the need to appeal to divine, transcendent powers. The interpretation of this category by French sociologists was similar to the concept of electricity in the theory of animal magnetism. At the same time, E. Durkheim and his followers did not present the substantial distinction between the holy (ritually pure sacredness) and defiled (ritually impure sacredness) elements. Despite the fact that the theory of sacred in the French sociological school was strongly criticized by British social anthropologists, this doctrine had a considerable impact on the schools of thought in the second half of the 20th century. Nowadays, the Russian scientific community pays much attention to this concept, as evidenced by the increased number of relevant publications. However, there is little research on the relationship between the concept of sacred and the socialist ideology of French socialists.
The technology for the development of linguistic and cultural competence as the basis of intercultural communication while using a study guide
Authors:   Moscow State  Institute of International Relations (University) of  the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Perevoznikova Alevtina Kuzminichna
Published: March 2019

Modern intercultural education is determined by practical challenges of intercultural communication, i.e. learning about the target language culture. For this purpose, teachers should use many linguistic and cultural materials during classes and develop linguistic and cultural competence in students to provide their effective communication with native speakers. The study describes the techniques applied to present linguistic and cultural resources to trainees when developing the above-mentioned competence focusing on understanding the phenomenon of another country and its culture in comparison with the culture, lifestyle, and character of their country. The author presents a novel study guide entitled Linguistic and Cultural Studies. Russia: Country and People, describes its methodological principles (cognitive, linguistic and cultural, communicative ones), the selection criteria for topics, the types of texts, and tasks. The tasks designed to develop skills in dealing with the substantive and semantic structure of the text are considered from the perspective of the psychological patterns of memory. In the course of comprehension, the text is compressed into inner speech scheme in the form of meaningful and semantic bases that leads to better memorization and serves as the subject logic diagram when expanding and generating students’ statement on the topic. The development of linguistic and cultural competence with the help of texts from the study guide is completed with the presentation, the oral or written report on a similar subject of a section/lesson based on the information about students’ country. In a multinational group, intercultural dialog will promote mutual understanding and spiritual enrichment of the representatives of different linguistic and cultural communities.
Inmigrantes haitianos y dominico-haitianos en República Dominicana. Cambios y posibles implicaciones de los perfiles
Authors: Méroné Schwarz Coulange
Published: March 2019

En este artículo analizamos las principales características de los inmigrantes haitianos y los dominicanos de ascendencia haitiana (dominico-haitianos) en República Dominicana. Examinamos algunos cambios y continuidades en el perfil de inmigrantes Haitianos en este país y resaltamos las diferencias sociodemográficas entre ambos grupos. Los datos sugieren que una parte significativa de la población de origen haitiano es susceptible de radicar por tiempos relativamente largos en República Dominicana, lo cual conllevaría implicaciones para el futuro de dicha migración, particularmente la referida a la naturaleza de los lazos entre la diáspora haitiana en República Dominicana y la población no migrante de Haití, y, más ampliamente, para las relaciones entre los dos países involucrados.
Proposing a comprehensive model of cohesive devices to investigate the quality of students’ academic writing
Authors: ABU-AYYASH Emad A. S.
Published: March 2019

The majority of the studies that
analysed the use of cohesive devices relied on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976)
model, which was acknowledged to be the most comprehensive model of cohesion.
Reviewing the previous studies has revealed that research has fallen short of
analysing the links between the text and the contextual world, including
culture, for example. This paper introduces the concepts of the cohesive
devices based on the 1976 model with reference to examples from English and Arabic.
Then, the paper builds on the 1976 model and expands it based on suggestions
proposed by different authors, and introduces the new tool: construction-based
cohesion.
Apoyo percibido, resiliencia, metas y aprendizaje autorregulado en bachilleres
Authors: Gaxiola Romero José Concepción , González Lugo Sandybell
Published: March 2019

El aprendizaje autorregulado es una variable importante para el éxito escolar. Los factores protectores pueden ayudar a los adolescentes a manifestar aprendizaje autorregulado durante el bachillerato. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, el papel del apoyo social y académico percibido, las disposiciones a la resiliencia y las metas académicas, en relación con el aprendizaje autorregulado de adolescentes. Previo consentimiento informado, 227 estudiantes de bachillerato respondieron un cuestionario de escalas tipo Likert, durante el horario escolar. Los resultados mostraron un modelo donde el apoyo social y académico percibido se relacionó con el aprendizaje autorregulado y las disposiciones de resiliencia; por otra parte, las disposiciones a la resiliencia afectaron a las metas académicas, y finalmente, las metas académicas afectaron al aprendizaje autorregulado. Se discute el efecto positivo de los factores protectores sobre el aprendizaje autorregulado, así como sus implicaciones en programas educativos.
Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Past, present and future
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative condition affecting the central nervous system. Like many neurologic diseases, it is chronic and incurable, and confers a substantial burden on affected individuals, their families and society. Although many individuals suffering from a serious chronic disease also suffer from comorbid conditions, the important consequences of their interaction often receive little attention. This was particularly true for MS two decades ago. Broadening our perspective by better understanding the effects of comorbidity on an individual with a particular chronic disease offers us an opportunity to improve understanding of prognosis, personalize disease management, develop new therapeutic approaches and illuminate the pathophysiology of disease.

Source: Studies examining the incidence, prevalence and outcomes related to comorbidity in MS will be discussed, along with areas requiring further investigation.

Conclusion: Comorbidity is highly prevalent in MS throughout the disease course. Comorbid conditions, including depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and chronic lung disease, adversely affect a broad range of outcomes. Less is known about the effects of MS on outcomes related to these comorbid conditions. These findings highlight an urgent need to determine how to best prevent and treat comorbidity in MS.
English as a Lingua Franca in the Context of Migration: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Carbonara Lorena , Taronna Annarita
Published: March 2019

Descriptive research on English as a Lingua Franca has been under way for more than a decade now, to the point where the acronym ELF refers not only to situations in which speakers of different first languages use English as their main communicative medium of choice, but also to a new research paradigm in various disciplines documenting a set of shared and stable features and processes. ELF is, in fact, essentially defined and characterised by its variability, flexibility, and linguistic creativity (Guido & Seidlhofer 2014; Seidlhofer 2011). In this paper, we approach the study of ELF as a socio-cultural, political and pragmatic phenomenon by looking at how it manifests itself linguistically in a specific group of speakers: migrant people who have recently crossed the Mediterranean and are enrolled in the national SPRAR project (Sistema di Protezione per Richiedenti Asilo e Rifugiati). The examples of language contacts between ELF and IFL (Italian as a Foreign Language) here discussed will illustrate how linguistic creativity manifests itself in ELF not only in the way “the virtual language of English” (Widdowson 1997: 138–140) is flexibly and creatively adapted and used, but also in the way in which non-English speech can be also integrated into ELF discourse. In the context of multicultural classrooms like those observed in this study, where such factors as integration, tolerance, respect and conflict are at issue every day, the use of ELF becomes more and more controversial. Indeed, it requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers the teaching/learning environment from a variety of perspectives, from the linguistic to the anthropological, from the pedagogical to the sociological ones.
O śląsko-małopolskich sporach granicznych w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Kwiatek Jolanta , Kwiatek Aleksander
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia relacji Górnego Śląska z Małopolską i Krakowem w okresie międzywojennym. Relacje te rozwijały się na kilku płaszczyznach: gospodarczej, społecznej, kulturowej. Artykuł niniejszy dotyczy ich pewnego wycinka, a mianowicie śląsko-małopolskiego sporu granicznego jaki wywiązał się między środowiskami politycznymi obu regionów o przywództwo i dominację na obszarze Polski południowej. Podstawową bazę źródłową artykułu stanowi prasa, przeważnie krakowska, warszawska, śląska, nigdy dotąd w takim stopniu nie wykorzystana. Kwestia zasadnicza niniejszego studium sprowadza się do pytania, jakie były źródła i przyczyny opisywanego sporu , jakie czynniki decydowały o kierunkach jego rozwoju, czy sam spór był uzasadniony i jakie wywołał skutki. Artykuł zdecydowanie obala funkcjonującą w historiografii polskiej i niemieckiej tezę o słabym zainteresowaniu przez II Rzeczpospolitą sprawami Śląska.
Kultura ekonomiczna w Niemczech na przykładzie Euroregionu Nysa
Authors: Ścibiorska-Kowalczyk Izabela
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie kultury ekonomicznej Niemiec oraz obszarów dotychczasowej współpracy polsko-niemieckiej w Euroregionie Nysa. Do analizy wykorzystano studia dotyczące literatury przedmiotowej oraz dokumenty związane z powstaniem i funkcjonowaniem Euroregionu Nysa. Przedstawiono również wyniki badania ankietowego, przeprowadzonego przez autorkę w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w polskiej i niemieckiej części Euroregionu Nysa, którego celem było zebranie opinii na temat stosunków polsko-niemieckich, znajomości Euroregionu Nysa, a także form współpracy polsko-niemieckiej.
Konwencja madrycka – Konwencja z Niamey: europejski wzorzec dla Afryki
Authors: Dumała Hanna
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na dwa zasadnicze pytania. Po pierwsze, czy, i jeżeli tak, to w jakim stopniu, Unia Afrykańska przygotowując konwencję o współpracy transgranicznej wzorowała się na rozwiązaniach europejskich opracowanych przez Radę Europy? Chodzi o takie kwestie, jak przyjęta definicja współpracy transgranicznej, struktura oraz treść konwencji. Po drugie, które z rozwiązań zastosowanych w Konwencji z Niamey wynikają ze specyfiki sytuacji na kontynencie afrykańskim i na czym one polegają? Analizie poddano wyłącznie akty prawne (analiza komparatywna treści konwencji), a nie empiryczne przykłady współpracy transgranicznej.
„Wolny Region Śląsk”? Refleksja nad genezą poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań dla Górnego Śląska w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego
Authors: Muś Anna
Published: March 2019

Górny Śląsk jest regionem, którego historia i skład etniczny nastręczają problemów interpretacyjnych. Dziś te problemy są teoretyczne, lecz w roku 1918 decyzje dotyczące jego losów musiały zostać podjęte natychmiast. Rozwiązanie zaproponowane w czasie Konferencji paryskiej przewidywało przeprowadzenie plebiscytu, w którym to ludność miała rozstrzygnąć o swych losach. W roku 1921 okazało się jednak, że owo remedium nie do końca spełniło oczekiwania, wtedy podniesiona została koncepcja Wolnego Regionu Śląsk. Choć nie miała ona większych konsekwencji politycznych, samo jej pojawienie się jest fenomenem wartym uwagi.
The Great Wall of Turkey: From „The Open-Door Policy” to Building Fortress?
Authors: Olejárová Barbora
Published: March 2019

Following outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Turkey recorded an unprecedented inflow of migrants from its southern neighbourhood. The policy of opened borders in the initial years of war contrasted to securitization, the search for international support and other similar policies, which countries usually adopt in cases of migration crises. However, rising numbers of Syrian migrants, the deterioration of Turkish relations with the Assad government and the engagement of the Kurds as another important party in the Syrian conflict resulted in the switch of the Turkish border policy. In 2014, President Erdoğan initiated the construction of over 800 km long barrier on the border with Syria with an aim to build similar fenced walls on the Iraqi and Iranian border in 2017. Main aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the Turkish border policy (particularly concerning the border with Syria) in the aftermath of the 2011 events in the Middle East and identify factors, which led up to the shift from the policy of welcoming to the policy of building „Fortress Turkey”. The first part of the paper will briefly summarize Turkish migration policy and focus on presenting the change of the initial ‘open’ approach to migration from Syria into the current state of building fences in the borderland. Subsequently, the paper will deal with selected factors, which might have caused this phenomenon. These include spread of terrorism and inflow of the Daesh fighters, who were using soft border regime to diffuse their activities to the Turkish territory; increase in smuggling and cross-border illegal trade; fears from the conflict spillover; but also territorial integrity concerns with regard to revival of the Kurdish activities in the region .
Million Book Project — Vivid Example of International Cooperation
Authors: Savitskaya Tatiana E.
Published: March 2019

The article analyses the conceptual idea, stages of formation, organizational and technological features of the Million Book Project. This is the original version of the multilingual full-text electronic library, the first stage of the more extensive program of Universal Digital Library. The aim of the project was to digitize one million books by 2007 and to provide free access to them. The project is interesting, firstly, as an early productive experience in creating a compact electronic library to optimize the educational process, and secondly, as an example of broad effective international cooperation in organization of information resources. The collection was based on “Books for College Libraries”, which is a special collection of educational scientific literature (50,000 titles), electronic copies of which were provided by the non-profit, membership, computer library service OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). The author considers the Project as an original model of international division of labour in the development of library information resources, when the scanning centres in India and China took over most of the work on digitization of books, including from the United States, and the Carnegie Mellon University, in cooperation with other American Universities, provided them with the necessary equipment and staff training. The Million Book Project is based on the original full participation, along with the library of Carnegie Mellon University and libraries of other American universities, of digital collections of India, China and Egypt. One of the strengths of the project is cooperation with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aimed at combating hunger, as well as with the National Agricultural Library of the United States in digitizing specialized literature on the modernization of agricultural, forestry and fish farming practices. The article also notes the significance of the project in the field of organizational and technological solutions related to the formation of the electronic library: it served as a test base for applied research in the field of improving scanning techniques, optical character recognition and automatic translation. The important advantage of the Million Book Project is the ultimate decentralization of powers in the field of acquisition of the collection, resulted in including into the project orbit of the unique monuments of history and culture of the East. The digitization and inclusion in the electronic library of the cultural treasures for the first time makes them potentially available to the global audience.
История библиотечного дела сквозь призму отечественных диссертационных исследований: библиометрический анализ
Authors: Pleshkevich Evgeniy A.
Published: March 2019

The aim of the article is to present an overview of generation, formation and development of the history of domestic librarianship, since the late 1930s until 2018, basing on the study of materials of dissertations. In the course of analysis, the author revealed 1064 theses in the field of library science and related areas, 270 of which are devoted to the history of librarianship. The article shows that dissertations research on the history of librarianship in the initial period from 1930 to 1950 occupied up to the half of all library dissertation theses; about a third of them were created in the period from 1951 to 1970 and a quarter — since 1971 to the present. This indicates that interest to the history of librarianship is stable. The article reflects the peak of historical research that fell on the period from 2001 to 2010. The author suggests that 25% indicator level of historical studies of the total number of research works on library science is a necessary and sufficient level to ensure the development of library science in general.

The article notes multidisciplinary nature of dissertations research: 60% of studies defended in pedagogical sciences, 37% — in historical sciences and slightly more than 3% — in other branches of science. The article reveals the gradual increase in the number of prepared and defended dissertation theses in historical sciences, which contributes to the expansion of research space in the history of library construction. The author carried out periodization of dissertations research. It is shown that the main attention was paid to the research studies on the history of Soviet period in library construction.
Straightforward Background Depletion Unlocks Transaminase Evolution Through Solid-Phase Screening
Authors: Planchestainer Matteo , Hegarty Eimear , Heckmann Christian , Gourlay Louise , Paradisi Francesca
Published: March 2019

Here we report a rapid, reliable, and widely applicable solid-phase screening method for transaminase variants, which was successfully applied to a transaminase from Halomonas elongata (HEWT), evolved through rounds of random mutagenesis towards a series of diverse prochiral ketones. Key element of this work is the effective and long lasting background depletion which enhances discrimination and minimised false positive hits.