bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Bacillus subtilis QST713 mushroom grain spawn treatment on yield and green mould control
Authors: Potocnik Ivana , Todorovic Biljana , Rekanovic Emil , Lukovic Jelena , Paunovic Dusanka , Milijasevic-Marcic Svetlana
Published: January 2019

A biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis QST713 was tested for impact on
yield and efficacy against a Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 strain
from Serbia by coating mushroom grain spawn and comparing the results with
the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese in a mushroom growing room. The
tested B. subtilis QST713 strain did not inhibit mycelial growth of Agaricus
bisporus in plots free of the pathogen, showing an impact on yield of
91.95%, which was not significantly different from an untreated control. As
for the efficacy of the fungicides used against T. aggressivum f. europaeum
T77, there were no significant differences between a prochloraz manganese
casing treatment, and B. subtilis QST713 coating on mushroom grain spawn, as
the efficacy was 70.37 and 53.09%, respectively. These results implied that
the biofungicide based on B. subtilis could serve as a harmless alternative
to synthetic fungicides in mushroom production, especially during serious
compost green muold outbreaks caused by T. aggressivum. Furthermore, the
biofungicide should be applied alone because an antagonistic reaction was
detected between the fungicide prochloraz and B. subtilis QST713.
The effect of metribuzin on the density of proteolytic microorganisms and proteolytic activity in different types of soil
Authors: Santric Ljiljana , Radivojevic Ljiljana , Saric-Krsmanovic Marija , Gajic-Umiljendic Jelena , Djurovic-Pejcev Rada
Published: January 2019

Soil texture and other physical and chemical characteristics of soil are
important factors influencing the retention of herbicides in soil
ecosystems. A laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate the response
of proteolytic microorganisms to applications of metribuzin in different
types of soil (loamy and sandy) in terms of density and protease activity.
The following concentrations were tested: 12.0, 24.0, 120.0 and 1200.0 mg
a.i.kg-1 soil. Samples were collected 7,14 and 30 days after treatment with
metribuzin. Metribuzin did not affect the number of proteolytic
microorganisms in loamy soil. In sandy soil, their number was reduced 26.7%
by the highest concentration 7 days after application. Protease activity was
reduced in both types of soil on the 7th and 14th day and the percentage of
reduction was 21% for loamy soil and 29.9% for sandy soil. Statistical
analysis of data showed that the correlation between test parameters was
positive in both types of soil (r2=1 for loamy soil, and r2=0.81 for sandy
soil). The study shows that metribuzin causes a passable impact on microbial
population and enzymatic activity which depends on the type of soil.
Toxicity of Euphorbia helioscopia pellets to two Phytophagous molluscs, Theba pisana Müller, 1774 (Pulmonata: Helicidae) and Arion hortensis férussac, 1819 (Pulmonata: Arionidae)
Authors: Harmouzi Anjoud , Boughdad Ahmed , El Ammari , Chaouch Abdelaziz
Published: January 2019

Harmful land snails and slugs are currently one of the most important threats
facing agriculture in many parts of the world. Synthetic molluscicides are
the main control method against these gastropods. However, dangers caused by
these chemicals to the environment have led scientists to research for
environmentally friendly alternatives. The objective of our work was to test
and evaluate food pellets containing roots, stems, leaves or flowers of
Euphorbia helioscopia against Theba pisana and Arion hortensis adults.
Toxicity of the prepared pellets varied depending on plant organ and mollusc
species tested. Pellets made of stems (LD50 = 1.35 g / 100 ml of agar at 2%)
and leaves (LD50 = 1.39 g / 100 ml of 2% agar) proved more toxic to adult
snails than those made of roots and flowers, which had no significant
effects. In the case of slugs, pellets made of leaves (LD50 = 1.14 g / 100
ml of 2% agar) were more toxic than those made of stems (LD50 = 1.33 g / 100
ml of 2% agar), flowers (LD50 = 1.75 g / 100 ml of 2% agar) and roots (LD50
= 1.98 g / 100 ml of 2% agar). Compared to a synthetic product containing
metaldehyde 5%, the results show that the use of these molluscicides derived
from plants as pellets is environment- and healthconscious, targeted and
economical. These products can be used in plant protection against
phytophagous slugs and snails.
Work and parenting vs. work or parenting
Authors: Vasic Petar , Gligorijevic Vera
Published: January 2019

One of the two key measures to encourage birth within the Law on Financial
Support to the Family with Children is salary compensation during parental
leave. The very nature of maternity leave as a financial measure (based on
the previous version of the Law) additionally contributed to the birth
postponement in the period of stable employment. Under the conditions of
high unemployment of young women, this measure seems to have deepened the
problem because women were waiting for permanent employment on the basis of
which they could obtain the right to maternity leave, young women often
postponed birth for many years, objectively reducing the chances of
conception. The new version of the Law formulates the specific conditions
for gaining the right to salary compensation in a different way, which will
almost certainly result in a much greater coverage by this measure. On the
other hand, the method of calculating the compensation base is such that the
average amount of compensation in relation to the previous version of the
Law could be lower, so it can be concluded that the legislator wanted to
achieve as much coverage as possible with a relatively similar amount of
budgetary allocations. These amendments to the Law could have a positive
effect through increased coverage and greater impact through creating a
pro-family climate in a country that supports the family. Secondly,
population groups that work on temporary and occasional jobs, and especially
young people engaged in short-term contracts (under six months), whose work
arrangements are often interrupted, will now be covered. Thirdly, the
formulated conditions in this manner will potentially allow faster
acquisition of the right to compensation at a lower age. Fourth, gaining
rights at a lower age will potentially influence the pace of fertility and
indirectly to the birth quantum. Regardless of the fact that by adopting the
latest version the Law is undoubtedly improved, there is still a huge space
for its significant improvement. As it was pointed out that the parental
leave can have more dimensions, and that the importance of its flexibility
and use by both parents is equally important for the decision to give birth,
and in particular for the decision on the number and time of higher order
births, it would be of great demographic significance for the system of
work-parenting convergement to harmonize with the postulates of modern
population policy and take into account positive experience of countries
with confirmed effect on fertility as soon as possible.
Spatial dimension of the second demographic transition in Serbia
Authors: Arsenovic Daniela , Nikitovic Vladimir , Magdalenic Ivana
Published: January 2019

Current research of the second demographic transition (SDT) in Serbia is
largely focused on its sociological dimension, particularly on changes
related to family formation. On the other hand, understanding the spatial
dimension of this process can help in understanding its further expansion,
but also its nature outside the countries in which it was originally
described, as the history of the first demographic transition showed it. The
aim of this paper is to determine whether spatial patterns of recent changes
(1991-2011) in fertility indicators in Serbia could have their foundation in
SDT. For this purpose, regional differences in the diffusion of demographic
innovations, measured by typical demographic indicators of SDT such as total
fertility rate, mean age of women at childbirth and proportion of
non-marital live births, were examined. Although the findings in terms of
the spreading of low fertility and postponement of births may indicate that
SDT drivers are at work in Serbia, those related to non-marital fertility
suggest that this process may not be so straightforward, thus highlighting
the similarity with the manifestation of SDT indicators in European
post-socialist societies. It is unquestionable, however, that the transition
between traditional and modern in terms of the reproductive regime in Serbia
has its clear spatial dimension and its further research would greatly
clarify the mechanisms and tempo of future changes and contribute to
defining of adequate measures of population policy.
Spatial-demographic misbalances as a challenge to the population policy
Authors: Vojkovic Gordana , Zivanovic Zora , Magdalenic Ivana
Published: January 2019

The significance of the regional disproportions at the territory of Serbia,
when it comes to demographic resources, imposes in front of the social
community a task for public policy measures to be more efficient and more
precisely addressed towards the local communities where the limit of their
possible acting has not been perturbated yet. Thus, defining of coherent
public policies requires good research of the demographic processes and
problems on all levels and defining developmental solutions in accordance
with them. Dimensioning of demographic potentials is one of the challenges
and priorities of spatial planning as well, as a controlling instrument that
has been gaining significance in modern conditions. Foreign experience in
this field, i.e. the system of spatial planning in European countries, with
the special attention paid to the ways of solving problems connected to
demographic processes and appearances, is undoubtedly instructive for the
domestic practice and the establishment of public policies on state and
lower regional levels. Given the fact that the inequality in development is
caused, above all, by the expressive metroplization and polarization of the
Serbian territory, in modern conditions it is considered that the
application of the polycentric development model could help avoiding further
excessive economic and demographic concentration. It includes economic
competitiveness and social equality (sustainable development) as
pre-requisites for the diminishing of local disparities to the acceptable
minimum. In that sense, it is considered that a group of middle sized towns
represents a pivot in establishing homogeneous national urban system which
would lead to the increase in the degree of settlement network consistency.
It is necessary that the endeavour to decentralize Serbia be elaborated with
concrete measures and instruments that would route further state
development, meaning affirmation of the middle sized towns.
Characteristics of hypsometric distribution of population of the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Petrasevic Aleksandra , Majic Aleksandar
Published: January 2019

The territory of the Republic of Srpska is characterized by spatial
heterogeneity which is manifested by significant dispersion of the
population. Based on detailed analysis, it was concluded that the largest
percentage of the population of the Republic of Srpska is widespread in the
zone up to 300 m above sea level. This area (about 30% of the republic
territory) has 786,104 inhabitants, which represents 67% of the population.
Hypsometric distribution of population indicates significant disparities
between western and eastern parts of the Republic of Srpska. Due to lower
altitude in the western part, most of the urban centres are located in the
zones of lowland and rolling hills. In the eastern part of the Republic of
Srpska, position and settlement networks are conditioned by relief
configuration, so that the majority of the population is concentrated in
small mountain villages.
Reporting and Non-Reporting Incentives in Leasing
Authors: Caskey Judson , Ozel N. Bugra
Published: January 2019

This study sheds light on the extent to which the use of operating leases depends on reporting incentives, such as understating liabilities, and non-reporting incentives that partly arise from the overlap between accounting, bankruptcy, and tax laws, such as increasing financing capacity and flexibility. We provide evidence that expanding financing capacity, accommodating volatile operations, and maximizing the present value of tax deductions are all important drivers of leasing decisions. Our findings suggest that capital markets and contracting-based reporting incentives have little influence on operating lease use. In particular, we find weak evidence that firms increase operating leases in advance of issuing equity, and no evidence that firms use operating leases to window-dress in advance of issuing debt, to avoid debt covenant violations, for compensation purposes, or to paint a better picture on an ongoing basis. These findings are consistent with reporting incentives playing a second-order role in leasing decisions.

JEL Classifications: G32; G33; K34; M41.
The Effects of Auditor Tenure on Fraud and Its Detection
Authors: Patterson Evelyn R. , Smith J. Reed , Tiras Samuel L.
Published: January 2019

We examine the strategic effects of auditor tenure on the auditor's testing strategy and the manager's inclination to commit fraud. Most empirical studies conclude that longer tenure improves audit quality. Proponents of restricting tenure argue that longer tenure impairs auditor independence and a “fresh look” from a new auditor results in higher audit quality. Validating this argument requires testing whether the observed difference in audit quality between a continuing auditor and a change in auditors is less than the theoretically expected difference in audit quality without impairment. Our findings provide the guidance necessary for developing such tests. Our results show that audit risk (the probability that fraud exists and goes undetected) is lower in both periods for the continuing auditor than with a change in auditors. More importantly, we show that across both periods, expected undetected fraud is lower for the continuing auditor than with a change in auditors.
Home Use of Day-and-Night Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Very Young Children: A Multicenter, 3-Week, Randomized Trial
Authors: Tauschmann Martin , Allen Janet M. , Nagl Katrin , Fritsch Maria , Yong James , Metcalfe Emily , Schaeffer Dominique , Fichelle Muriel , Schierloh Ulrike , Thiele Alena G. , Abt Daniela , Kojzar Harald , Mader Julia K. , Slegtenhorst Sonja , Barber Nicole , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Boughton Charlotte , Musolino Gianluca , Sibayan Judy , Cohen Nathan , Kollman Craig , Hofer Sabine E. , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Kapellen Thomas M. , Acerini Carlo L. , de Beaufort Carine , Campbell Fiona , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Hovorka Roman
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in children with type 1 diabetes aged 1–7 years as well as evaluate the role of diluted insulin on glucose control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In an open-label, multicenter, multinational, randomized crossover study, 24 children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy (median age 5 years [interquartile range 3–6] and mean ± SD HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.7% [57 ± 8 mmol/mol] and total insulin 13.2 ± 4.8 units/day) underwent two 21-day periods of unrestricted living and we compared hybrid closed-loop with diluted insulin (U20) and hybrid closed-loop with standard strength insulin (U100) in random order. During both interventions, the Cambridge model predictive control algorithm was used.

RESULTS

The proportion of time that sensor glucose was in the target range between 3.9 and 10 mmol/L (primary end point) was not different between interventions (mean ± SD 72 ± 8% vs. 70 ± 7% for closed-loop with diluted insulin vs. closed-loop with standard insulin, respectively; P = 0.16). There was no difference in mean glucose levels (8.0 ± 0.8 vs. 8.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L; P = 0.14), glucose variability (SD of sensor glucose 3.1 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L; P = 0.16), or the proportion of time spent with sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/L (4.5 ± 1.7% vs. 4.7 ± 1.4%; P = 0.47) or <2.8 mmol/L (0.6 ± 0.5% vs. 0.6 ± 0.4%; P > 0.99). Total daily insulin delivery did not differ (17.3 ± 5.6 vs. 18.9 ± 6.9 units/day; P = 0.07). No closed-loop–related severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis occurred.

CONCLUSIONS

Unrestricted home use of day-and-night closed-loop in very young children with type 1 diabetes is feasible and safe. The use of diluted insulin during closed-loop does not provide additional benefits compared with standard strength insulin.
Frailty and Risk of Fractures in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Guowei , Prior Jerilynn C. , Leslie William D. , Thabane Lehana , Papaioannou Alexandra , Josse Robert G. , Kaiser Stephanie M. , Kovacs Christopher S. , Anastassiades Tassos , Towheed Tanveer , Davison K. Shawn , Levine Mitchell , Goltzman David , Adachi Jonathan D.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore whether frailty was associated with fracture risk and whether frailty could modify the propensity of type 2 diabetes toward increased risk of fractures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were from a prospective cohort study. Our primary outcome was time to the first incident clinical fragility fracture; secondary outcomes included time to hip fracture and to clinical spine fracture. Frailty status was measured by a Frailty Index (FI) of deficit accumulation. The Cox model incorporating an interaction term (frailty × diabetes) was used for analyses.

RESULTS

The analysis included 3,149 (70% women) participants; 138 (60% women) had diabetes. Higher bone mineral density and FI were observed in participants with diabetes compared with control subjects. A significant relationship between the FI and the risk of incident fragility fractures was found, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.03) and 1.19 (95% CI 1.10–1.33) for per-0.01 and per-0.10 FI increase, respectively. The interaction was also statistically significant (P = 0.018). The HR for per-0.1 increase in the FI was 1.33 for participants with diabetes and 1.19 for those without diabetes if combining the estimate for the FI itself with the estimate from the interaction term. No evidence of interaction between frailty and diabetes was found for risk of hip and clinical spine fractures.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants with type 2 diabetes were significantly frailer than individuals without diabetes. Frailty increases the risk of fragility fracture and enhances the effect of diabetes on fragility fractures. Particular attention should be paid to diabetes as a risk factor for fragility fractures in those who are frail.
Maternal and Newborn Vitamin D–Binding Protein, Vitamin D Levels, Vitamin D Receptor Genotype, and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tapia German , Mårild Karl , Dahl Sandra R. , Lund-Blix Nicolai A. , Viken Marte K. , Lie Benedicte A. , Njølstad Pål R. , Joner Geir , Skrivarhaug Torild , Cohen Arieh S. , Størdal Ketil , Stene Lars C.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE

Circumstantial evidence links 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D–binding protein (DBP), vitamin D–associated genes, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), but no studies have jointly analyzed these. We aimed to investigate whether DBP levels during pregnancy or at birth were associated with offspring T1D and whether vitamin D pathway genetic variants modified associations between DBP, 25(OH)D, and T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From a cohort of >100,000 mother/child pairs, we analyzed 189 pairs where the child later developed T1D and 576 random control pairs. We measured 25(OH)D using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and DBP using polyclonal radioimmunoassay, in cord blood and maternal plasma samples collected at delivery and midpregnancy. We genotyped mother and child for variants in or near genes involved in vitamin D metabolism (GC, DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, and VDR). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Higher maternal DBP levels at delivery, but not in other samples, were associated with lower offspring T1D risk (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74–0.98] per μmol/L increase). Higher cord blood 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower T1D risk (OR = 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.98] per 10 nmol/L increase) in children carrying the VDR rs11568820 G/G genotype (Pinteraction = 0.01 between 25(OH)D level and rs11568820). We did not detect other gene-environment interactions.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher maternal DBP level at delivery may decrease offspring T1D risk. Increased 25(OH)D levels at birth may decrease T1D risk, depending on VDR genotype. These findings should be replicated in other studies. Future studies of vitamin D and T1D should include VDR genotype and DBP levels.
STEM CELL TREATMENT IN DEGENERATIVE RETINAL AND OPTIC NERVE DISEASES
Authors: SİNİM KAHRAMAN Neslihan , ÖNER Ayşe
Published: January 2019

Use
of stem cells in the treatment of retinal diseases is a new and popular topic
in ophthalmology. Embryonic and bone marrow derived stem cells can be used for
treatment. Age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt’s macular dystrophy and
retinitis pigmentosa are common encountered retinal diseases causing
progressive vision loss. The researches therefore mostly focus on these
diseases which have no curative treatment modality in order to evaluate the
efficacy of stem cell therapy. In this review, we aimed to present the results
of the phase 1/2 clinical studies about stem cell treatments in eye diseases.
Stem cell therapies are the rising trends in treatment of retinal diseases.
Further clinical studies are required for standardization of the therapy and obtaining
long-term data about the results and complications.
Mortero geopolimérico para uso potencial como recubrimiento en concreto
Authors: Oviedo-Sánchez Katherine , Mejía de Gutiérrez Ruby
Published: January 2019

Se sintetizaron dos morteros geopoliméricos basados en Metacaolín y residuo de ladrillo, modificados con adiciones orgánicas e inorgánicas para ser utilizados como potenciales recubrimientos sobre concretos.  Se evaluaron sus propiedades en estado fresco (fluidez, tiempo de fraguado) y en estado endurecido (resistencia a la compresión y tracción, absorción, porosidad y conductividad térmica). Los resultados muestran la viabilidad de producir morteros Clase R1 y R2 en concordancia con la Norma EN 1504-3 en cuanto a las propiedades mecánicas y se evidencia que los sistemas geopoliméricos producidos presentan menor conductividad térmica comparada a los morteros basados en OPC sugiriendo comportamiento tipo aislante.
PENANGANAN PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rusyidi Binahayati , Nurwati Nunung
Published: January 2019

This article describes about the situation of prostitution in Indonesia concerning its types, contributing factors, and elimination strategies using available relevant documents. There are both traditional and contemporary types of prostitution in Indonesia that included sex workers, users and the pimps. The contributing factors of prostitution rooted in three domains including demand, supply and catalyst factors that all associated with social, economic, politic, culture, development of information technology, and globalization factors. Strategies to eradicate prostitution by government in Indonesia rely on the institutional based rehabilitation of sex worker were discussed within the frame of best principles of sex workers rehabilitation. Some limitations were highlighted with regards to the design and implementation of current sex worker’s rehabilitation program.
ISLAMIC ECONOMIC MODEL IN REDUCING GAP OF GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYEMENT
Authors: Sumar’in Sumar’in , Kusnadi Iwan
Published: January 2019

The theme of the article is based on economic principles of Islam. The purpose of research is to see economic development in the perspective of the Islamic economy especially research aims to analyze the effect of economic growth and unemployment in Indonesia period 1998-2017, a perspective of the Islamic economy. Economic development is one of the strategies to achieve the goals aspired nation. The goal is how poverty, unemployment, economic disparity and social resolved so as to realize human welfare. But in fact, the construction of which is expected to have an influence on society has not caused yet siding with the people. Increased poverty and unemployment occur. This type of research is an ex post facto. Technical documentation was applied for searching the data from Statistics Central Board, Indonesia Bank, BAPPENAS in Indonesia. Data analysis technique was Regression. Data analysis shows that: there is a negative influence toward economic growth in the rate of Indonesia and unemployment in 1998-2018. Economic development in Islamic economy perspective focus to three elements such as forbidden interest (ribā) as instrument financial, optimization zakat and characteristics of an element of spiritual, moral, and material, and activities tend to be multidimensional so that all business submitted to balance a variety of factors and does not cause inequality.
TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN DAN STATUS KONSERVASI PERIKANAN HIU DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA (PPS) CILACAP
Authors: Hanifa Irfan , Baskoro Mulyono S , Martasuganda Sulaeman , Simbolon Domu
Published: January 2019

Hiu merupakan sumber daya perikanan sangat rentan terhadap usaha penangkapan yang berlebihan (over-eksploitasi). Eksploitasi hiu di Indonesia masih berlanjut hingga hari ini tanpa diimbangi dengan tata kelola dan manajemen yang mengarah pada perikanan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan hiu dan mengidentifikasi jenis hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap berdasarkan status konservasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2015 di PPS Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survey. Tingkat pemanfaatan dihitung dengan cara menghitung jumlah hasil tangkapan pada tahun tertentu terhadap nilai TAC (Total Allowable Catch) atau jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan. Jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB) tersebut adalah 80% dari potensi maksimum lestari (MSY). Pendugaan nilai MSY dianalisis menggunakan model surplus produksi Fox. Status konservasi hiu dianalisis berdasarkan hasil tangkapan hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap dibandingkan dengan daftar kategori konservasi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hiu tertangkap dan didaratkan di PPS Cilacap pada bulan Februari-Mei 2015 terdiri dari 11 famili atau 30 spesies. Hasil tangkapan terdiri dari famili Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae, Squalidae, Hexanchidae, Lamnidae, Triakidae, Sphyrnidae, Squatinidae, Rhinidae, Centrophoridae, dan Chimaeridae. Hasil tangkapan tertinggi berasal dari famili Alopiidae (2.028 hiu) dan hasil tangkapan terendah berasal dari famili Chimaeridae (2 hiu). Tingkat pemanfaatan hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap pada tahun 2010-2014 berdasarkan model surplus produksi Fox adalah 24-81%. Sebagian besar dari jumlah tangkapan hiu mendarat di PPS Cilacap pada bulan Februari-Mei 2015 yang mencakup dalam kategori dari rentan (46,44%) dan hampir terancam (39,65%). Jenis hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap termasuk dalam kategori rawan adalah A. pelagicus, A. superciliosus, I. paucus, C. plumbeus, R. ancylostoma, I. oxyrinchus, N. acutidens, C. squamosus, C. longimanus, sedangkan jenis hiu yang termasuk dalam kategori hampir terancam adalah C. sorrah, C. falciformis, H. perlo, P. glauca, C. brevivina, C. amblyrhynchoides, G. cuvieri, C. leucas, H. griceus, C. albimarginatus.
CD4/CD8 ratio as a predictor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in HIV / AIDS patients during 6 months of cART therapy
Authors: Gojak Refet , Hadžiosmanović Vesna , Baljić Rusmir , Zečević Lamija , Ćorić Jozo , Mijailović Željko
Published: January 2019

Background

HIV infection is characterized by progressive depletion of CD4+T cells due to their reduced synthesis and increased destruction followed by marked activation and expansion of CD8+T lymphocytes. CD4/CD8 ratio was traditionally described as a marker of immune system ageing in the general population, but it increasingly appears as a marker of different outcomes in the HIV-infected population. The main objective of this study is to examine the power of CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-positive patients receiving cART therapy.

Methods

80 HIV/AIDS subjects were included in a retrospective case-control study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+and CD8+cells in peripheral blood of these patients. The values of biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, blood sugar, blood counts), immunological parameters (CD4/CD8, PCR), anthropometric measurements and type of cART therapy were evaluated in this study.

Results

After six months of cART therapy 19 (23.8%) subjects had all the elements necessary for making the diagnosis of MetS. Using multivariate analysis CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and had the largest effect on development of MetS (Wald = 9.01; OR = 0.45), followed by cART (Wald = 7.87; OR = 0.10) and triglycerides (Wald = 5.27; OR = 1.7). On the other hand, body weight and waist circumference showed no statistically significant effect on the development of MetS after six months of cART, p > 0.05.

Conclusions

CD4/CD8 ratio proved to be a significant marker for prediction of metabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients.
The importance of RET-He in the diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and the evaluation of response to oral iron therapy
Authors: Uçar Mehmet Ali , Falay Mesude , Dağdas Simten , Ceran Funda , Urlu Selin Merih , Özet Gülsüm
Published: January 2019

Background

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) is a superior indicator of blood count and other iron parameters in terms of diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and thus evaluating a patient’s response to oral iron treatment.

Methods

The research population consisted of 217 participants in total: 54 control, 53 ID, 58 non-ID anemia, and 52 IDA patients. A hemoglobin (Hb) value of < 130.0 g/L was defined as indicating anemia for men, while an Hb value of < 120.0 g/L was defined as indicating anemia for women. All patients were administered 270 mg oral elemental iron sulphate daily.

Results

The RET-He was significantly lower in the IDA group, compared to other groups (IDA: 21.0 ± 4.1, ID: 26.0 ± 4.9, non-ID anemia: 32.1 ± 6.8, control: 36.6 ± 7.0; < 0.001). The ID group had a lower RET-He compared to the non-ID anemia group and the control group. On the 5th day of treatment, the ID and IDA group showed no significant differences in terms of Hb while the RET-He level demonstrated a significant increase. The increase in the RET-He level observed in the IDA group on the 5th day was significantly higher compared to the increase observed in the ID group. A RET-He value of 25.4 pg and below predicted ID diagnosis with 90.4% sensitivity and 49.1% specificity in IDA patients, compared to the ID group.

Conclusions

The results of our study, therefore, suggest that RET-He may be a clinically useful marker in the diagnosis of ID and IDA.
Representaciones sociales de las prácticas científicas en los textos escolares de ciencias naturales utilizados en escuelas chilenas sostenidas con fondos públicos
Authors: Venegas Espinoza Jennifer Andrea
Published: January 2019

La investigación pretendió explorar las representaciones sociales que se realizan del quehacer científico en los textos del estudiante para la asignatura de ciencias naturales, utilizados en enseñanza básica en escuelas sostenidas con fondos públicos de Chile, por medio de los conceptos de Ciencia en acción y Ciencia elaborada desarrollados por B. Latour. Los textos analizados corresponden a los entregados y distribuidos de manera gratuita por el Ministerio de Educación a estudiantes de primaria. Se ha podido evidenciar que las prácticas presentadas varían por curso y por unidad; éstas tienden a reproducir representaciones asociadas a una ciencia elaborada, ya que se presentan prácticas propias de una ciencia absoluta, con saberes imposibles de ser modificados y muchas veces carecen de contexto y de historia. Los estudiantes deben corroborar saberes previamente establecidos, por lo tanto, se transmite que la ciencia es meramente comprobatoria y no explicativa.Recibido: 07 de mayo de 2018Aceptado: 15 de diciembre de 2018
Procrastinación y estrés. Análisis de su relación en alumnos de educación media superior
Authors: Barraza Macías Arturo , Barraza Nevárez Salvador
Published: January 2019

En la presente investigación se tiene como objetivo central determinar la relación que existe entre la procrastinación académica y el estrés académico en estudiantes de educación media superior. Para el logro de dicho objetivo se aplicaron la Escala de Procrastinación Académica y el Inventario SISCO para el estudio del estrés académico a una muestra de 300 alumnos de una institución de educación media superior. Sus resultados indican diversos niveles de relación y no relación entre ambas variables, tomando como base sus dimensiones constitutivas o su valor general como variables. Se concluye la necesidad de revisar el concepto de procrastinación y su relación con la autorregulación académica.Recibido: 20 de agosto de 2018Aceptado: 22 de diciembre de 2018
Induksi PLB Anggrek Vanda sumatrana Schltr. Liar Pada Media MS dengan Penambahan BAP dan NAA serta Ploidisasi dengan Kolkisin
Authors: Aini Hanifah - , Mansyurdin Mansyurdin - , Suwirmen Suwirmen -
Published: January 2019

The study about PLB induction of wild Vanda sumatrana Schltr. on MS media suplement with BAP and NAA and ploidisation by colchicine treatment was conducted from December 2014 until November 2015 at the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Biology department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The study aimed to 1) knowing the best concentration of 6-Benzyl amino purin (BAP) and α-Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB)  induction from shoot tip of V. sumatrana, 2) knowing the PLB response of V. sumatrana to concentrations and soak period of colchicine and 3) find the effective concentrations and soak period of colchicine to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana. Shoot tips from in-vitro cultured of V. sumatrana  were subcultured on Murashinge and Skoog (MS) medium supplement with 3 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 3 mg/l BAP and 1,5 mg/l BAP. PLB of diploid V. sumatrana from the best treatment were soaked in 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine for 24 and 48 hours respectively in MS liquid medium, as control were set PLB without colchicine treatment. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP was the best formula to induce PLB. The highest percentage of survival rate of PLB and percentage of survived PLB regenerated shoot was obtained from 0.05% colchicine with 24 hours soak period treatment. The effective treatment to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana Schltr. was obtained from 0.05% colchicine solution for 24 hours soak period.
Agresi Provokasi dan Non-Provokasi pada Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis, Raffles 1821) Terhadap Pengunjung di Kawasan Gunung Meru
Authors: Mardiah Ainul , Rizaldi Rizaldi , Novarino Wilson
Published: January 2019

The study on aggressive behavior of long-tailed macaques has been conducted from May to July 2016 at Gunung Meru, Padang, West Sumatra. This study aimed to compare between provocated and non-provocated aggressive behaviors of the macaques toward human visitors at Gunung Meru feeding site. This study used all-occurrence sampling method to record aggressive interactions from the macaques along the visitors behavior. One or more visitors were followed for ten minutes at the monkey feeding ground for a total 78.5 hours. The aggressive behaviors of long-tailed macaques either provocated or non-provocated were considerably high intensity level, including body contact and biting. Feeding contexts (i.e. food exposure, feeding, and contact feeding) become the main situation resulting provocative aggressions. This study suggest that monkeys and human visitors have a potential close contact and could be pathogen transmission.
Komunitas Makrozoobentos sebagai Indikator Biologis Kualitas Air Sungai Masang Kecil yang Menerima Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit di Kinali Pasaman Barat
Authors: Izmiarti Izmiarti , Savitri Vivi
Published: January 2019

The industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil contains organic material that can lead to degradation of water quality and ultimately affect the macrozoobenthos communities living on the river bed. The Masang Kecil River in Kinali Pasaman Barat receives the liquid waste of the palm oil industry. The research aimed to find out the composition and structure of macrozoobentos community in  Masang Kecil River and determine the water quality of river based on macrozoobenthic community structure was done in June 2017. The research was conducted by survey method with purposive sampling technique. Samples were collected on 3 stations: Station I before entering the liquid waste of palm oil industry, Station II after entering the waste, Station III is located after Station II which has been entered by Anak Aia stream. In each station collected three samples of macrozoobentos with a surber net size of 30x30 cm2. The results showed that macrozoobenthos community found 43 species consist of 33 species of Insecta, Oligochaeta 4 species, Gastropoda 3 species, Hirudinae 2 species, Arachnida and Turbellaria one species respectively. The largest number of individuals was shown by Insecta (71.89%) followed by Hirudinea (25.1%) and the other class was not more than 3%. The highest density is found at station III and the lowest at station I. The dominant species on station I were Stenelmis sp. and Psephenoides sp., stations II and III were Erphobdella sp. and Hydropsyche elisoma. The diversity index ranges from 1.49 to 3.01. The index of equitability ranges from 0.47 to 0.89, the dominant index ranges from 0.06 to 0.43. The similarity of communities between station ranged from 38.46 - 55.0%. Based on the index of diversity, water quality in Station I was classified as not polluted, Station II and III classified as moderate.
Jenis-Jenis Carnivora di Kawasan Suaka Alam Malampah, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Ladyfandela Nindy , Novarino Wilson , Nurdin Jabang
Published: January 2019

An inventory of Carnivore species in Malampah Nature Reserve, West Sumatra had been conducted between Mei-August 2016. After a total of 303 trap nights, this study documented 19 species of mammals from 3 families of which 6 species from Carnivora. The documented carnivores were Catopuma temminckii (17 photos), Neofelis diardi (5 photos), Pardofelis marmorata (2 photos), Helarctos malayanus (3 photos), Paguma larvata (5 photos), and Prionodon linsang (1 photo). The finding on Carnivore was then discussed to highlight their implications for conservation.
Kajian Pembenahan Angkutan Masal Untuk Mengurangi Kemacetan Lalu Lintas di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Sitorus Budi
Published: January 2019

Transportasi merupakan sarana yang sangat penting untuk memindahkan orang dan barang dari tempat asal ke tempat tujuan. Transportasi dalam penelitian dimaksudkan sebagai angkutan umum di DKI Jakarta yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat terutama kelas menengah ke bawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, melalui studi pustaka, hasil-hasil penelitian dan penelitian ilmiah terkait. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kinerja angkutan umum dan dampak kinerjanya terhadap kemacetan lalu lintas. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kondisi angkutan masal, dampak pelayanan angkutan umum terhadap kemacetan lalu lintas dan kebijakan mengenai angkutan masal. Pembenahan angkutan masal perlu terus diikuti dengan perbaikan pelayanan dan fasilitasnya, dan dibarengi dengan perbaikan intra dan antarmoda transportasi yang terintegrasi agar publik beralih dari kendaraan pribadi ke moda angkutan umum, menyempurnakan kebijakan, subsidi angkutan umum yang pada akhirnya mengurangi kemacetan.
Kajian Perhitungan Nilai Waktu Perjalanan Kendaraan Pribadi Dan Angkutan Umum
Authors: Herawati Herawati , Mutharuddin Mutharuddin
Published: January 2019

Tingginya demand transportasi yang tidak dapat diakomodasikan oleh pertumbuhan supply, merefkelsikanpotensi dan aktifitas ekonomi yang besar dengan dibarengi inefisiensi yang tinggi akibat adanya kemacetan.Inefisiensi ini menakibatkan pemborosan karena adanya peningkatan biaya operasi, biaya keterlambatandan biaya kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk mengetahui hingga seberapa besar konstribusi penggunakendaraan pribadi dan angkutan umum dan peranannya sebagai pelaku ekonomi maka diperlukan adanyaperhitungan terhadap nilai waktu perjalanan pada suatu kota.Metode perhitungan nilai waktu perjalanan adalah metode Mode Gwice Approach dengan survey data denganstated preference. Pada data stated preference, responden mengekspresikan pilihannya dari point rating yangtersedia.Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa nilai waktu perjalanan untuk setiap jenis kendaraan berbeda. Nilaiwaktu perjalanan untuk kendaraan pribadi lebih tinggi jika dibandingankan dengan nilai waktu perjalanansepeda motor dan angkutan umum. Nilai waktu perjalanan untuk mobil pribadi, 1'epeda motor dan angkutanumum secara berurutan adalah Rp 24.507 /jam/ orang; Rp 14.657 /jam/ orang dan Rp 9.320/jam/ orang.
Karakteristik Dan Penyebab Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di Indonesia Tahun 2012
Authors: Herawati Herawati
Published: January 2019

Penyebab kematian ketiga tertinggi di Indonesia disebabkan karena tingginya angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Perlu langkah prefentif yang cepat karena jumlah korban yang cukup besar akan memberikan dampak ekonomi (kerugian material) dan sosial yang tidak sedikit. Upaya-upaya pengurangan kecelakaan tersebut dapat dilakukan apabila diketahui karakteristik dan penyebabnya. Untuk itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kecelakaan dan penyebabnya. Data kecelakaan yang akan digunakan dalam analisis ini merupakan data kecelakaan di Indonesia pada tahun 2012. Analisis yang digunakan merupakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan 5W dan 1H.Hasil analisis data kecelakaan di Indonesia pada tahun 2012 dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok “what” adalah tipe kendaraan yang paling banyak terlibat dalam kecelakaan adalah sepeda motor (65%). Kelompok “who” adalah karakteristik pelaku dan korban kecelakaan yang didominasi oleh usia produktif (71%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki(>53%), berprofesi sebagai karyawan swasta (>54%) dan tingkat pendidikan yang masih SLTA (>51%). Kategori “why” adalah faktor penyebab kecelakaan terdiri dari faktor manusia (kurang tertib), faktor kendaraan (rem blong sebanyak 27%), jalan (kurangnya fasilitas keselamatan dijalan sebanyak 50%) dan lingkungan (hujan 51%). Kategori “when” adalah waktu kejadian kecelakaan yang paling banyak terjadi 06.00-18.00 sebanyak 62%. Kategori “where” yaitu lokasi rawan kecelakaan terjadi pada daerah yang memiliki kecepatan ijin yang tinggi dan hambatan samping yang besar seperti jalan arteri 38%, jalan kabupaten (38%) dan kawasan permukiman (77%). Terakhir adalah kategori how. Tipe pergerakan kendaraan yang paling banyak menyebabkan kecelakaan yaitu tabrakan depan-depan (24%) dan depan-samping (22%). Kata kunci : karakteristik kecelakaan, penyebab, kendaraan bermotor
Evaluasi Transportasi Sungai di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Zarmaili Zarmaili
Published: January 2019

Transportasi sungai dan danau merupakan transportasi tradisional yang murah dan mampu mengakomodasi kapasitas angkut yang lebih besar. Di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, masyarakat cenderung menggunakan jalan darat dalam kegiatan sehari-hari baik dalam kehidupan sosial, usaha maupun industri. Sehingga transportasi sungai ditinggalkan dan tidak diperhatikan. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan kondisi transportasi sungai di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Provinsi Jambi dan bertujuan mengetahui strategi agar masyarakat kembali menggunakan transportasi sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, pengamatan serta dengan analisis diskriptif kualitatif terhadap kondisi transportasi sungai serta menggunakan pendekatan SWOT yang diketahui bahwa kondisi Sungai Batanghari sebagai jalur utama transportasi sangat memprihatinkan, sepanjang alur anak sungai dan sepanjang alur sungai Batanghari dalam kondisi semak belukar, banyak titik rawan kandas atau dangkal, kurang aman dan nyaman dan tidak menarik minat penggunanya. Diperlukan penyediaan fasilitas umum dan sarana pendukung transportasi sungai di sepanjang alur sungai seperti tempat istirahat(rest area), pos keselamatan, tempat pengisian bahan bakar, tempat servis atau mekanik.
PENDEKATAN PRAGMATIK NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER NOVEL DAN RELEVANSINYA SEBAGAI MATERI AJAR SASTRA
Authors: Azhari Tiara Yuniar
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis research is motivated by the collapse of the value of character education that is being planted by students, especially high school students. The teenage age instability, students are easily influenced by the social environment; to avoid this they must get used to love reading, namely reading novels. Many life values can be taken from this novel, especially in the value of character education so it can motivate readers about the world of education that can be used as a model in behave. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The object of this research is the novel Sekolah Pohon by Eko Kusumawijaya. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques with assessment and description of the data that had been obtained. The method of data collection is done by conducting literature studies. The result of this study are: (1) the value of character education in the novel Sekolah Pohon by Eko Kusumawijaya uses a pragmatic approach which includes religious values, honesty, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, curiosity, democratic, appreciate achievement, friendly/communicative, love of peace, likes to read, environmental care, social care, and responsibility; and (2) the novel Sekolah Pohon by Eko Kusumawijaya has relevance as a literary teaching material in high school in accordance with the syllabus and lesson plans.Keywords: novel, value of character education, pragmatic approach, teaching     material
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KREATIF PUISI DENGAN PENDEKATAN WHOLE LANGUANGE DAN MEDIA TIGA DIMENSI
Authors: Dameyanti Dameyanti
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to describe the implementation and evaluation of active learning The purpose of this study is to implement and describe the planning of the implementation and outcomes of creative writing poetry with the whole language approach and three-dimensional media class VII SMP 6 Nanga Pinoh. This research method is descriptive qualitative research design class action (PTK). This study was conducted in three cycles, each cycle conducted 2 meetings. The results of this study include: planning in cycle 1 including good enough category reached 77.6% in the second cycle increased by 20% to reach 97.6% are very good, while the third cycle increased by 2.4% to reach 100% with very good category. While the results of the implementation of the first cycle of 71.61% are good enough. In tshe second cycle increased by 18.07% to 89.68% very good category. In the third cycle increased by 9.03% with very good categories and almost close to perfect. For the results of creative writing poetry with the whole language approach and three dimensional media was successful, with the result of the average value in the first cycle of 65.33 with 29.62% completeness study (8), the second cycle of the average value increased to 78.81 and mastery learning rose by 48.16% to 77.78%, and the third cycle the average value becomes 86.37 with an increase mastery learning which is 14.81% to 92.59% (25 people), including the category of very good (SB).        Keywords : Ability, Creative Writing Poetry, Whole Language Approach, Three-Dimensional Media