bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invited Editorial: Building a Bridge Between Resource Acquisition and Resource Accumulation
Authors: Maritan Catherine A. , Peteraf Margaret A.
Published: November 2010

Resource-based theory (RBT) has become one of the dominant perspectives in strategic management, and a very large body of work has developed; yet, there are aspects of RBT that remain underexplored and less developed than others. One of these aspects concerns how the heterogeneous resource positions that lie at the core of RBT come to exist. Two separate mechanisms have been described in the literature—resource acquisition in strategic factor markets and internal resource accumulation. The authors propose that considering these mechanisms jointly can generate insights and lay the groundwork for future work, and they discuss several issues that are critical to developing a more complete theoretical and practical understanding of the creation of heterogeneous resource positions.
Dementia Entanglements in a Postgenomic Era
Authors: Lock Margaret
Published: November 2010

As genetic tests become cheaper and more readily available, pressure is increasing to routinely test individuals for susceptibility genes for complex common disorders. Using Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as an illustrative example, it is shown how population databases of AD cases on which individual risk estimates are based are faulty due to confusion about the AD phenotype. Furthermore, the APOEe4 genotype associated with increased risk of AD is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause AD. The article concludes with ethnographic findings that result from interviews with individuals who have been tested for their APOE status.
Missing you maintains us: Missing a romantic partner, commitment, relationship maintenance, and physical infidelity
Authors: Le Benjamin , Korn Miriam S. , Crockett Erin E. , Loving Timothy J.
Published: November 2010

Working from the perspective of interdependence theory and models of relationship maintenance, this study examined the functional role of missing a romantic partner during a brief geographic separation. Eighty-eight undergraduate students involved in romantic relationships completed a measure of commitment prior to separation, and measures of missing a romantic partner, relationship maintenance, and physical infidelity during their winter break. Commitment was associated with participants’ self-reports of missing their romantic partners. Further, commitment predicted participants’ use of relationship maintenance strategies (i.e., positivity, openness, and assurances) and physical infidelity during the separation. These associations were mediated by how much participants missed their romantic partners. Findings are discussed in terms of interdependence theory and the growing literature on geographic distance between relationship partners.
Fatherhood stories: Grandparents, grandchildren, and gender differences
Authors: Goodsell Todd L. , Bates James S. , Behnke Andrew O.
Published: November 2010

The meanings of fatherhood conveyed in grandparent stories told by adult grandchildren vary both by the sex of the grandchild and by the sex of the grandparent who figures in the story. An inductive analysis was conducted of fatherhood stories involving grandparents as told by adult grandchildren ( N = 79). Findings suggest that grandsons drew on stories about grandparents to present fatherhood as centered on work and recreation, and to suggest that women play supporting roles. Granddaughters’ stories were less positive, and suggested that women must make up for perceived deficiencies of fathers. This qualitative study is the first to explore same- and cross-sex similarities and differences in grandparents’ socialization of grandchildren into meanings of good fathering.
Entrepreneurial equity financing and securities regulation: An empirical analysis
Authors: Carpentier Cécile , Suret Jean-Marc
Published: November 2010

To protect investors, securities regulation generally restrains entrepreneurial ventures from entering the stock market. Scholars and regulators contend that strong rules and requirements for listing are essential to prevent the market from failing. However, these constraints can also unduly impede the growth of new ventures. We use the Canadian case to examine the effects of the relaxation of the regulatory constraints. Unlike in other countries, firms in Canada can list at a very early stage, without revenues, with a minimal size and even without writing a prospectus using the reverse merger technique. This provides a unique opportunity to examine entrepreneurial ventures listed on a public market. The quality of firms, their post-listing operating performance and strategy, and their fate largely support the opinion that strong listing requirements are essential to prevent the emergence of a lemon market. Investors involved in this market obtain very poor returns. This indicates that they are neither able to set correct prices in this market nor deal with the high level of information asymmetry therein. The reluctance of most regulators to relax the requirements for small business finance can therefore, be justified.
Increased expression of the 5-HT6receptor by viral mediated gene transfer into posterior but not anterior dorsomedial striatum interferes with acquisition of a discrete action–outcome task
Authors: Eskenazi Daniel , Neumaier John F
Published: November 2010

Serotonin plays a role in reinforcement learning; however, it is not known which serotonin receptors mediate these effects. Serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptors are abundant in the striatum, a brain area that is involved in reinforcement learning. We previously found that 5-HT6receptors in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) affect reinforcement learning or consolidation over several days. We use viral-mediated gene transfer to discern the role that 5-HT6receptors play in mediating post-synaptic responses in anterior versus posterior DMS. Male Long-Evans rats were used to study learning acquisition during a single session of 100 trials on a fixed interval of 20 seconds. In a discrete action–outcome learning task, rats had 10 seconds to press a lever to induce lever retraction and sucrose pellet delivery. In another group of rats, the task had a lever that was continuously extended but only active every 20 seconds, allowing for repetitive, mostly non-reinforced, lever pressing. Results demonstrate that increased expression of 5-HT6receptors in the posterior DMS interferes with earning sucrose pellets in only the former task. We take this to indicate that 5-HT6receptor signaling in the posterior DMS interferes with acquisition of discrete action–outcome responding.
Investing in Deliberation: A Definition and Classification of Decision Support Interventions for People Facing Difficult Health Decisions
Authors: Elwyn Glyn , Frosch Dominick , Volandes Angelo E. , Edwards Adrian , Montori Victor M.
Published: November 2010

This article provides an analysis of ‘decision aids’, interventions to support patients facing tough decisions. Interest has increased since the concept of shared decision making has become widely considered to be a means of achieving desirable clinical outcomes. We consider the aims of these interventions and examine assumptions about their use. We propose three categories, interventions that are used in face-to-face encounters, those designed for use outside clinical encounters and those which are mediated, using telephone or other communication media. We propose the following definition: decision support interventions help people think about choices they face; they describe where and why choice exists; they provide information about options, including, where reasonable, the option of taking no action. These interventions help people to deliberate, independently or in collaboration with others, about options, by considering relevantattributes; they support people to forecast how they might feel about short, intermediate and long-term outcomes which have relevant consequences, in ways which help the process of constructing preferences and eventual decision making, appropriate to their individual situation. Although quality standards have been published for these interventions, we are also cautious about premature closure and consider that the need for short versions for use inside clinical encounters and long versions for external use requires further research. More work is also needed on the use of narrative formats and the translation of theory into practical designs. The interest in decision support interventions for patients heralds a transformation in clinical practice although many important areas remain unresolved.
Spinning an Organizational “Web of Obligation”? Moral Choice in Stanley Milgram’s “Obedience” Experiments
Authors: Russell Nestar J. C. , Gregory Robert J.
Published: November 2010

Drawing on unpublished documents from his personal archive at Yale University, this article explains how social psychologist and political scientist Stanley Milgram’s new baseline procedure both coerced and tempted most participants into completing his so-called Obedience to Authority (OTA) experiment. This procedure relies cumulatively on a range of manipulative and seductive psychological techniques that progressively and systematically induced most participants to pursue what they sensed to be a morally reprehensible course of action. The article examines a variety of influences at work in Milgram’s controlled laboratory that help understand how functionaries may resolve an moral dilemma in a bureaucratically organized work situation. In doing so, the article also provides an alternative explanation for Milgram’s new baseline findings, one that is more consistent with Bandura’s concept of “moral disengagement” and Barnard’s concept of an organizational “zone of indifference.” It concludes that Milgram’s experiments have less to do with obedience to authority per se and more to do with how people resolve moral dilemmas confronting them in a structured organizational setting.
Appointed Public Volunteer Boards
Authors: Dougherty George W. , Easton Jennifer
Published: November 2010

Public participation is essential to a functioning democracy, as rule by the people presumes that citizens will take some responsibility for a properly functioning society. This article reports on a 2006 survey of citizen participation in appointed public volunteer boards, a widely used but rarely studied mechanism for citizen involvement in local government administration. The survey, which covered a 10-county area surrounding Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, revealed that 75% of municipalities use appointed volunteer boards as part of their governance structure. Our findings that management capacity affects board use, that empty seats often go unfilled, that board members usually get no training or orientation, and that few boards reflect the diversity of local communities suggest that this mechanism for citizen involvement must be improved and better understood to benefit local leaders and their communities.
Marketing, Realism, and Reality: A Plea for Putting More ‘‘Ideology’’ into Historical Research in Marketing
Authors: Schwarzkopf Stefan
Published: November 2010

The first part of this response to Eric Shaw’s commentary, ‘‘Marketing Myths and Marketing Realities,’’ seeks to clarify misunderstandings that undermine the interpretation of the arguments originally made in the ‘‘The Consumer as Voter, Judge and Jury.’’ The second part deals with the causes and consequences of Shaw’s attempt to rescue ‘‘realism’’ for ‘‘marketing science.’’
The dynamics of coordinated comparisons: How simulationists in astrophysics, oceanography and meteorology create standards for results
Authors: Sundberg Mikaela
Published: November 2010

This paper explores the social dynamics of so-called intercomparison projects. An intercomparison project is a type of collaborative project that takes place in a number of simulation-based research areas such as astrophysics and climate modelling. Intercomparison projects can be seen as form of metrological practice in which the participants compare the results of numerical simulations of the ‘same’ scientific problem in order to ensure their reliability and validity. The paper is based on case studies of astrophysics, meteorology and oceanography, and the focus is on the organization and coordination of intercomparison projects. I argue that such projects have the effect of defining which scientists work on a particular problem and that they also serve as organizational vehicles for creating and presenting a dominant view of — and a standard result for — that problem. These types of projects are important for understanding numerical simulation-based research, because they show that expectations about desirable results are generated within the group.
Development geography
Authors: Silvey Rachel , Rankin Katharine
Published: November 2010

This article offers a selective slice into the wide-ranging scholarship in critical development studies. It reaches outside of ‘development studies’ proper to explore points of intersection and complementarity with cognate fields, and identifies promising directions for future inquiry, analysis, and practice. It attends in particular to the political geographic imaginaries that frame contestations over the 2010 G20 Summit. These struggles represented both the extremes of anti-democratic neoliberal governance, as well as diverse and creative tactics aimed at building alternative alliances and social movements. The strength of recent critical development studies lies in its capacity to connect analysis of the violence and exclusion characteristic of both old and new imperialist geographies with practical and normative commitments to the creation and sustenance of spaces of political possibility. In making this call, we seek to expand the conversations of critical development scholars by paying particular attention not only to senior scholars in the field, but also to some important new research by emerging scholars.
Governing temptation: Changing behaviour in an age of libertarian paternalism
Authors: Jones Rhys , Pykett Jessica , Whitehead Mark
Published: November 2010

This paper critically examines new modes of behaviour change promoted by the contemporary British state, providing a critique of libertarian paternalism as an emergent form of government in the UK. We analyse the multivalent principles and mechanisms associated with libertarian paternalism. We consider the contribution of Foucauldian theories of governmentality and psychological power within human geography to a critical analysis of libertarian paternalism. Reflecting on the example of Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) for re-designing residential roads in the UK, we conclude by explaining why libertarian paternalist policies could lead to the formation of more, or less deliberative public spaces.
Adequacies and deficiencies of alpine and subalpine treeline studies in the national parks of the western USA
Authors: Whitesides Clayton J. , Butler David R.
Published: November 2010

To mitigate the impact of direct human activity on treeline pattern and process, much alpine treeline research in the western USA has been conducted in nationally protected areas. The use of treeline as a proxy for climate change has been assessed in parks throughout the west but often at the expense of geology or geomorphology as controls of treeline variation. The dissimilar geology and geomorphic processes of the western national parks suggest that treeline may respond differently between national parks when subjected to disturbance. Therefore, predicted vegetation response to disturbance across the western USA may provide a limited assessment of change beyond fine-scale analysis due to data collection from a limited number of national parks containing alpine treeline. We performed a content analysis on previous research that examined alpine treeline in national parks and classified each treeline study as anthropogenic, orographic/edaphic, or climatic according to the primary factor attributed to treeline control. Results indicated that the three types of treeline are not uniformly studied. Climatic treeline is most commonly studied whereas anthropogenic and orographic/edaphic studies are often lacking. Furthermore, several western national parks are entirely devoid of anthropogenic and orographic treeline research. Similar findings exist for treeline studies in protected places worldwide. More research in protected places is required to broaden our understanding of multiple treeline processes across both regional and worldwide extents.
Wall ecology: A frontier for urban biodiversity and ecological engineering
Authors: Francis Robert A.
Published: November 2010

Walls are extensive, ubiquitous urban ecosystems that can act as habitat for a range of different species and support non-standard cosmopolitan assemblages. Most investigations into wall ecology have focused on botanical surveys rather than testing hypotheses, but it is apparent that walls can be surprisingly diverse. They also have the potential to be ecologically engineered to encourage a greater diversity and range of species. This review considers the development of wall ecology, highlighting the key characteristics of walls that have been found to influence their ability to support species, with a focus on higher plants. It then examines the kinds of plant assemblages that are found on walls and the broader role of walls within urban biodiversity, before discussing the potential for ecological engineering of walls. Some progress has recently been made in the latter area with the installation of living walls and the physical engineering of wall materials, but much more needs to be done to effectively increase their physical complexity and habitat quality. Walls therefore represent a substantial potential (as well as existing) habitat within urban areas.
Generic Variations and Metadiscourse Use in the Writing of Applied Linguists: A Comparative Study and Preliminary Framework
Authors: Kuhi Davud , Behnam Biook
Published: November 2010

Thanks to the recent developments in the theory of academic discourse analysis, it is now increasingly accepted that negotiation of academic knowledge is intimately related to the social practices of academic communities. To underpin this position and to reveal some of the ways this is achieved, this article analyzes a relatively wide spectrum of academic texts (20 research articles, 20 handbook chapters, 20 scholarly textbook chapters, and 20 introductory textbook chapters) in applied linguistics. The authors show here the importance of establishing social relationships in academic arguments, suggest some of the ways this is achieved, and indicate how the social and institutional differences that underlie production and reception of different academic genres influence the ways metadiscourse is shaped in academic communication.
Thymoquinone attenuates lung injury induced by chronic toluene exposure in rats
Authors: Kanter Mehmet
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on the lung injury in rats after chronic toluene exposure. The rats were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: control, toluene-treated and toluene-treated with TQ; each group contain 10 animals. Control group received 1 mL serum physiologic and toluene treatment was performed by inhalation of 3000 parts per million (ppm) toluene, in an 8-hr/day and 6 day/week order for 12 weeks. The rats in TQ treated group was given TQ (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 12 weeks starting just after toluene exposure. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. To date, no histopathological changes of lung in rats after chronic toluene exposure by TQ treatment have been reported. Our study showed that TQ treatment inhibits the inflammatory pulmonary responses reducing significantly peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal infiltration, alveolar edema, alveolar exudate, interstitial fibrosis and necrosis formation in toluene-treated rats. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and a rise in the expression of surfactant protein D in lung tissue of toluene-treated with TQ therapy. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of TQ may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment on lung injury after chronic toluene exposure in rats.
Innovation in the Green Economy: An Extension of the Regional Innovation System Model?
Authors: Chapple Karen , Kroll Cynthia , Lester T. William , Montero Sergio
Published: November 2010

Policy makers increasingly look to green innovation as a source of job creation. Using the case of California, we argue that green innovation complicates traditional models of innovation and its role in economic development. This study uses secondary source data and a survey of 650 green and traditional businesses to define the green economy, identify innovation of products and services, and link innovation to sectoral and regional growth. The authors find that the type of innovation and its role varies widely by sector. The most environmentally challenged firms are among the most likely to innovate new processes, whereas new green innovative companies are more likely to respond to local and regional markets. Innovation does not necessarily foster growth. It is a boost to traditional firms, but emerging green firms may need additional tools and the support of local networks to transform new ideas and products to new markets.
The Geographic Distribution of U.S. Unemployment by Gender
Authors: Zolnik Edmund J.
Published: November 2010

A study of the geographic distribution of U.S. unemployment takes up the challenge to explore regional variation in unemployment by gender. To do so, the differential effects of local and regional unemployment on the likelihood that individual women and men are unemployed and differences in the underlying patterns of unemployment by gender are explored. Using a unique tabulation of micro data for labor market areas, two series of multilevel models for women and men are fit. The multilevel model results suggest that regional variation in unemployment is more evident for men than for women and, contrary to the empirical evidence, the underlying pattern of unemployment for men is more clustered than for women. The article concludes by discussing the policy implications of the finding that most of the variation in labor market outcomes for both women and men is attributable to individual-level rather than labor market area-level characteristics.
Holocene climatic changes revealed by aeolian deposits from the Qinghai Lake area (northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) and possible forcing mechanisms
Authors: Huayu Lu  , Cunfa Zhao  , Mason Joseph , Shuangwen Yi  , Hua Zhao  , Yali Zhou  , Junfeng Ji  , Swinehart James , Chengmin Wang
Published: November 2010

Previous palaeoclimatic studies in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (NETP) during the Holocene, mainly using lake sediments, have deepened our understanding of the climatic system in this remote region. The timing and forcing mechanisms of climatic change in this region are still controversial, however. Aeolian sand and silt deposits, which are widely distributed in the NETP, can be readily dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques and reveal the sensitive response of the landscape to climatic change. In this study, aeolian sand and loess at six sites around Qinghai Lake were studied to reconstruct millennial-scale climatic changes during the Holocene. Multiproxy data along with 24 OSL age determinations show that low effective moisture and aeolian activity occurred at c. 13 ka, 10—9.1 ka, and 8.9—7.8 ka. Periods of greater effective moisture may have occurred at ~11 ka and 9 ka, and there is evidence for a previously undocumented wet climate at 4—3 ka. These results show that millennial-scale Holocene palaeoclimatic changes in the NETP cannot be explained simply as direct responses to changes in monsoon precipitation forced by summer insolation. We suggest that changes in effective moisture were determined by the balance between monsoon-induced rainfall and evaporation loss (mainly controlled by temperature). Thus, climatic change in the NETP may have been influenced by complex interactions between the monsoon circulation and local convection/evaporation effects, in addition to large-scale change in the Asian monsoon and the westerlies.
The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061-1072: Numbers and Military Tactics
Authors: Theotokis Georgios
Published: November 2010

By 1060 the Normans of Melfi had greatly expanded their dominions in Apulia and Calabria. The next step in their ambitious plans in the Italian peninsula, the invasion of Sicily, took place in 1061: it was not completed before 1091, mostly owing to a combination of political setbacks in the mainland, along with several inefficiencies in Norman military organization. No comprehensive study of the military aspects of the Norman conquest of Sicily has been written, and this paper intends to cover this specific gap. It deals with the first two stages of the Sicilian conquest, the period between the first invasion of 1061 and the first unsuccessful siege of Palermo in 1064, and the second period, which is marked by the five-month siege and capture of the Muslim capital in 1072. It examines the composition of the Norman and Muslim armies, in terms not only of numbers but also of the ration of cavalry, infantry and auxiliary units. It also considers how far the Normans had been willing to adapt to the Mediterranean reality of warfare, more specifically the construction of siege engines and of a navy capable of imposing a blockade and transporting troops and horses from the Italian mainland to Sicily; the Norman fighting tactics used in the field of battle against the Muslims; and whether those tactics changed during the several stages of the Sicilian conquest.
The Schlieffen Plan’s ‘Ghost Divisions’ March Again: A Reply to Terence Holmes
Authors: Zuber Terence
Published: November 2010

Terence Holmes, by far my most competent opponent in the ‘Schlieffen plan’ debate, now agrees with me that the Schlieffen plan was not the German war plan, either in 1906/07 (when the plan was supposedly first implemented) or in 1914, because new documentation conclusively proves that the German army never had the number of divisions that the plan required. However, Holmes still insists that, given the chance, Schlieffen could have raised the necessary number of divisions in 1906. I show that this was most unlikely.
Promoting the ‘arriviste’ city: Producing neoliberal urban identity and communities of consumption during the Edmonton Oilers’ 2006 playoff campaign
Authors: Scherer Jay , Davidson Judy
Published: November 2010

In the spring of 2006, the National Hockey League’s (NHL) Edmonton Oilers made a surprise run to the Stanley Cup final for the first time in 16 years. Predictably, hockey fans and media pundits responded enthusiastically to the one-time return to glory of their men’s professional hockey team. Drawing from threads of political economy, historical analysis, cultural studies and queer critique, we read selections of the print media coverage of the Oilers’ 2006 Cup run ‘against the grain’, juxtaposing the neoliberal strategies utilized to promote Edmonton with some of the lived realities in Alberta’s provincial capital. We argue that the discourses of community reiterated in the city’s main newspaper mobilize well-worn tropes of sport and civic boosterism through championship inspired communitas (Ingham and McDonald, 2003) with updated contemporary neoliberal twists. Specifically, the new stories contribute to the promotion of Edmonton as an arriviste city (Hiller, 2007): a mid-sized, intermediate city ready to shed its regional identity and compete on the national and indeed world stage; a city which continues to privilege affluent, white, masculinist elites, but does so in this early 21st-century iteration by incorporating and accommodating a variety of social identity-based groups. In particular, we focus on a discussion of how professional hockey and its print media representations can incorporate ethnic difference and queerness as civic elites strive to showcase Edmonton as a diverse and welcoming cosmopolitan centre.
Social and Cultural Factors Influence African American Men’s Medical Help Seeking
Authors: Griffith Derek M. , Ober Allen Julie , Gunter Katie
Published: November 2010

Objective: To examine the factors that influenced African American men’s medical help seeking. Method: Thematic analysis of 14 focus groups with 105 older, urban African American men. Results: African American men described normative expectations that they did not go to the doctor and that they were afraid to go, with little explanation. When they did go, men reported that they were particularly uncomfortable with the tone physicians used when talking to them. Providers often made recommendations but offered the men little useful information on how to make lifestyle and behavior changes. Following receipt of care, spouses, medical test results, and men’s desire to fulfill social roles were key motivating and instrumental factors in following medical advice. Conclusions: African American men’s medical help seeking seemed to be negatively influenced by social norms and patient-provider interactions but positively influenced by spouses and the desire to fulfill social roles.
Parental Self-Efficacy and Joining a Savings Program for Children’s Education
Authors: Okech David , Little Todd D. , Williams Shanks Trina R. , Adams Deborah
Published: November 2010

Objectives: Using baseline survey data, the study examined self-efficacy of 381 lower-income parents who had opportunities to build financial assets for their children by opening college savings accounts in a human service agency. Methods: Of the study sample, 62% of the parents decided to open accounts while 38% did not. Structural equation modeling for multiple group models was performed. Results: There were few demographic differences between the groups. The measurement model was invariant across parents who decided or did not decide to open accounts, fitting the data for both account openers and nonopeners, χ2(450, n = 381) = 804.60, p < .001, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .070(.063—.073), Non-Normed Fit Index [NNFI] = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.93). Conclusions: Results lend some support to institutional perspective on saving. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Supporting the Volunteer Career of Male Hospice—Palliative Care Volunteers
Authors: Weeks Lori E. , MacQuarrie Colleen
Published: November 2010

We invited men to discuss their volunteer careers with hospice-palliative care (HPC) to better understand how to recruit and train, retain and support, and then successfully end their volunteer experience. Nine male current or former HPC volunteers participated in face-to-face interviews which were transcribed and analyzed. The men described a complex interplay of individual characteristics with the unique roles available to HPC volunteers. The men’s recruitment experiences coalesced around both individually based and organizationally based themes. Results pertaining to retention revealed the interchange between their personalities, the perks and pitfalls of the unique experiences of an HPC volunteer, and the value of the organization’s support for these volunteers. Our interpretation of these experiences can help HPC organizations enhance their recruitment, retention, and support of male volunteers.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Palliative Care
Authors: Rasmussen Keith G. , Richardson Jarrett W.
Published: November 2010

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective psychiatric treatment for states of depression, mania, psychosis, or behavioral agitation in dementia. As it does involve intravenous access, general anesthesia, and significant side effects, it may be viewed as too ‘‘invasive’’ for patients on palliative care measures. However, we describe several patients treated on our busy ECT service at a tertiary hospital, who were receiving palliative care who, on balance, were felt to have better quality of life with continued use of ECT. We conclude that ECT should not be automatically discarded in patients receiving palliative care and offer some guidelines for its use in this population.
Integration of Design Tools and Knowledge Capture into a CAD System: A Case Study
Authors: Torres Víctor Hugo , Ríos José , Vizán Antonio , Pérez Jesús M.
Published: November 2010

Conceptual design phase is partially supported by product lifecycle management/computer-aided design (PLM/CAD) systems causing discontinuity of the design information flow: customer needs — functional requirements — key characteristics — design parameters (DPs) — geometric DPs. Aiming to address this issue, it is proposed a knowledge-based approach is proposed to integrate quality function deployment, failure mode and effects analysis, and axiomatic design into a commercial PLM/CAD system. A case study, main subject of this article, was carried out to validate the proposed process, to evaluate, by a pilot development, how the commercial PLM/CAD modules and application programming interface could support the information flow, and based on the pilot scheme results to propose a full development framework.
Parenting Stress in Families of Children With ADHD
Authors: Theule Jennifer , Wiener Judith , Tannock Rosemary , Jenkins Jennifer M.
Published: November 2010

Meta-analyses were conducted to examine findings on the association between parenting stress and ADHD. Predictors comprising child, parent, and contextual factors, and methodological and demographic moderators of the relationship between parenting stress and ADHD, were examined. Findings from 22 published and 22 unpublished studies were included. Results confirmed that parents of children with ADHD experience more parenting stress than parents of nonclinical controls and that severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with parenting stress. Child co-occurring conduct problems and parental depressive symptomatology predicted parenting stress. Parents of children with ADHD experienced no more parenting stress than parents of other clinically referred children. Little difference in parenting stress was found between mothers and fathers, but child gender was a significant moderator of parenting stress, with lower stress levels in samples with higher proportions of girls.
The Impact of Mission Fulfillment on the Internal Audience: Psychological Job Outcomes in a Services Setting
Authors: Suh Taewon , Houston Mark B. , Barney Steven M. , Kwon Ik-Whan G.
Published: November 2010

The way a firm fulfills its mission statement may play a role in internal marketing and affect important psychological job outcomes of employees. The conceptual model proposed herein argues that mission fulfillment influences key psychological states related to motivation (i.e., employee engagement), social identity (organizational identification), and emotional resources (emotional exhaustion). These psychological states in turn drive affective commitment and turnover intentions, two variables of continued interest to researchers and managers. The authors test this model empirically using data from 3,999 employees of a health care service system. The findings provide support for the hypothesized model rather than an alternative and shed light on an important tool for internal marketing. Besides suggesting avenues for future research, such as refining the concept of employee engagement and uncovering the antecedents of employees’ perceptions of mission fulfillment, this study demonstrates the importance of exploring the psychological processes that comprise the mechanisms by which contextual variables affect key outcomes. For managers, the results imply the importance of aligning an organization’s actions with its stated mission, given that employees are attuned to and affected by such an alignment. Further, managers should actively communicate to employees the organization’s efforts and accomplishments in fulfilling its mission.
Residents’ Satisfaction With Community Attributes and Support for Tourism
Authors: Nunkoo Robin , Ramkissoon Haywantee
Published: November 2010

This study develops and tests a structural model of residents’ support tourism development, with the social exchange theory as its theoretical base. The model incorporates three exogenous latent variables, namely, community satisfaction with neighborhood conditions, community commitment, and satisfaction with community services. Perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism are proposed as the mediating variables between the exogenous latent variables and the ultimate dependent variable, given as support for tourism. Eight path hypotheses are proposed and tested using a sample of 363 residents. Perceptions of tourism impacts were found to influence support for tourism development. Findings also suggest that residents’ satisfaction with neighborhood conditions and community services are important determinants of perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism. Community commitment was found not to be an antecedent of attitudes to tourism. The practical implications of the study are discussed, together with its limitations and scope for future research.
Hedging Weather Risk in Nature-Based Tourism Business
Authors: Tang Chun-Hung (Hugo) , Jang SooCheong (Shawn)
Published: November 2010

For nature-based tourism businesses, unpredictable weather patterns impose not only operational challenges but also financial costs. With the increasing volatility of weather patterns and the subsequent financial impacts, managing weather risks has become an essential component for increasing the company value of nature-based businesses, such as ski resorts. The primary objective of this study is to show that weather derivatives can effectively reduce the cash flow volatility of nature-based tourism businesses. Using a ski resort as an example, our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that snowfall forwards could reduce ski resorts’ cash flow volatility up to 25.8%. This hedging strategy is also applicable for other nature-based businesses, such as beach resorts and golf courses.
Profiling the Users of Travel Websites for Planning and Online Experience Sharing
Authors: Ip Crystal , Lee Hee (Andy) , Law Rob
Published: November 2010

This article reports the findings of a study that examined Hong Kong online users who use travel websites for travel planning and online travel experience sharing. The empirical findings from a large-scale domestic survey conducted in 2010 reveal that 32.7% of the respondents had used at least one travel website for travel planning in the past 2 years. In addition, 24.5% of these respondents had shared their travel experience online. On the whole, the travel website users were young, highly educated, and had a high level of personal income. In general, the propensity to share travel experiences decreased with age. In contrast, education level up to college/university level positively influenced the respondents’ willingness to share travel experiences, but the propensity decreased with higher levels of education. This study, although limited in scope, will be of interest to academic researchers and industry practitioners who are seeking to better understand the behavior of travelers using the Internet.
‘Global law’ and governmentality: Reconceptualizing the ‘rule of law’ as rule ‘through’ law
Authors: Rajkovic Nikolas M.
Published: November 2010

This article challenges the optimism common to liberal IR and IL scholarship on the ‘rule of law’ in global governance. It argues that the concept of the ‘rule of law’ is often employed with sparse inquiry into the politics of its practical meaning. Specifically, the article focuses on liberal research that advocates the emergence of a ‘global’ judiciary, and the claim that judicial governance will marginalize state power and authority. Rather than employ a zero-sum conception of power, this article regards a prospective global legal system less as a constraint on state power and more as a rationale for rule ‘through’ law by vested actors. To make the argument, Michel Foucault’s concept of ‘governmentality’ is combined with Barnett and Duvall’s notion of ‘productive power’ to denote how legal techniques of power are integral to the construction of social ‘truth’ and consequently the governance of conduct. This is further associated with Koskenniemi’s critical scholarship on the power of law’s perceived objectivity and universality. In this vein, the article questions how liberal scholars use the American judicial model (the Marbury ideal) to claim that an institutionalization of ‘global’ judicial authority can deliver the rule of ‘no one’ in global governance. A governmentality perspective is then applied which suggests that the lack of supreme constitutional rules at the global level makes judicial governance less a check than a means to propagate normative standards conducive to dominant state power.
Rebels without a conscience: The evolution of the rogue states narrative in US security policy
Authors: Homolar Alexandra
Published: November 2010

This article examines how the foundations of the ‘rogue states’ security narrative in the United States developed prior to the declaration of the George W. Bush administration’s ‘Global War on Terror’ and President Bush’s representation of Iraq, Iran and North Korea as an ‘axis of evil’. The article argues that the puzzle of how US post-Cold War foreign and defence policy came to be focused on ‘irrational’ — but militarily inferior — adversaries can be understood through analysing how actors within the US defence community discursively constructed discrete international crises as the trigger for a major shift in US threat scenarios. This is developed through an examination of two crucial episodes in the construction of post-Cold War US national security interests: the crisis in the Persian Gulf in 1990–1 and the North Korean nuclear crisis in 1993–4. The article suggests the importance of historicizing contests over the interpretation of international crises in order to both better understand the process through which a country’s national security interests are defined and to gain greater analytical purchase on how security narratives are reconstructed during processes of systemic change.
Roles of mental translation in first and foreign language reading
Authors: Yau Jia-ling Charlene
Published: November 2010

This study integrates both quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine the roles that mental translation plays in reading classical Chinese and English as a foreign language among Taiwanese high school students. Gadamer’s theory of hermeneutic experience and the Vygotskian social-cultural theory provide the theoretical frameworks for this study. The quantitative data consist of reading comprehension tests and translation surveys, while the qualitative data are composed of think-aloud protocols and interviews with the participating students and their teachers. At least two prominent findings emerge from the data analyses: (1) mental translation appears to have positive and significant associations with reading comprehension across two languages; (2) ambivalent perceptions of and attitudes toward the employment of mental translation for reading classical literary Chinese and English are discerned. The findings support Gadamer’s contention that humans learn to translate as they are learning a language. The views and ideas expressed by the participating teachers and students uncover a sociocultural dimension of reading, as proposed by Vygotsky.
Rethinking governmentality: Towards genealogies of governance
Authors: Bevir Mark
Published: November 2010

Foucault introduced the concept ‘governmentality’ to refer to the conduct of conduct, and especially the technologies that govern individuals. He adopted the concept after his shift from structuralist archaeology to historicist genealogy. But some commentators suggest governmentality remains entangled with structuralist themes. This article offers a resolutely genealogical theory of govermentality that: echoes Foucault on genealogy, critique, and technologies of power; suggests resolutions to problems in Foucault’s work; introduces concepts that are clearly historicist, not structuralist; and opens new areas of empirical research. The resulting genealogical theory of governmentality emphasizes nominalism, contingency, situated agency, and historicist explanations referring to traditions and dilemmas. It decenters governance by highlighting diverse elite narratives, technologies of power, and traditions of popular resistance.
Nation state, capitalism, democracy: Philosophical and political motives in the thought of Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Müller-Doohm Stefan , Bird-Pollan Stefan
Published: November 2010

This article attempts, for the first time, to link some central motives in the thought of Jürgen Habermas with the biographical experiences of the philosopher and social theorist. What are the relations which Habermas himself thematizes in his life story by means of discursive analysis? Three elements are central: the change in significance of the nation state against the backdrop of the process of European integration, the concept of a deliberative democracy, and the timely and controversial issue of the taming of world capitalism. Finally, the article discusses the question of how plausible it is that there is no alternative to capitalism and to what extent democracy can tame capitalism.
Critique and social movements: Looking beyond contingency and normativity
Authors: Rebughini Paola
Published: November 2010

This article aims to confront the principal arguments of the concept of critique in sociology and to demonstrate the emergence in recent years of a re-dimensioned conception of critique, on the one hand, of a pragmatic, pluralistic and contingent nature, and, on the other, show how the need for a strong and transcendental concept of critique that does not renounce the possibility of individual and collective emancipation is still present. This article argues that the analytic and empirical space in which we can better observe the meeting between the contingent and normative aspects of critique is that of the social movements, that unsurprisingly have been important reference points for many of the different sociological traditions of critique.
What’s wrong with globalization?: Contra ‘flow speak’ - towards an existential turn in the theory of globalization
Authors: Bude Heinz , Dürrschmidt Jörg
Published: November 2010

The article attempts a reformulation of globalization theory. We identify ‘flow speak’ and the flattened ontology of the social that goes with it as a major limitation in contemporary globalization theory. Contrary to the prevailing overemphasis on mobility and deterritorialization, we suggest an existential turn that orients future globalization thinking more towards issues of belonging, choice and commitment, and the rhythmicity of social relations. To highlight the processual character of this shift of perspective, we shall draw on the paradigmatic figure of the ‘homecomer’. S/he, in our understanding, embodies the ambivalence between the lure of global options and the need for commitment to lasting bonds. Thus, we do not argue for a post-mortem on globalization theory, but maintain that a deeper understanding of globalization as a ‘way of being in the world’ would require a phenomenologically inclined repositioning of the concept.