bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Kubiak Marie , Jayson Stephanie L , Denk Daniela
Published: April 2015

A 22‐month‐old female Mongolian gerbil presented with palpable cranial abdominal masses. At initial presentation, no clinical signs were associated with the masses and the owner elected to monitor the gerbils’ condition. Abdominal distention developed over the following eight months and was progressively associated with altered demeanour, reduced mobility and increased respiratory effort. An exploratory laparotomy identified left‐sided ovarian masses and right‐sided ovarian cysts. A bilateral ovariectomy was performed. No other changes were noted. Recovery from surgery was uneventful, but the gerbil died six weeks later. Histological findings were consistent with a unilateral ovarian interstitial cell tumour accompanied by contralateral ovarian cysts and interstitial cell hyperplasia. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an ovarian interstitial cell tumour in a Mongolian gerbil.
Polymer models of the organization of chromosomes in the nucleus of cells
Authors: Chiariello Andrea Maria , Bianco Simona , Piccolo Andrea , Annunziatella Carlo , Barbieri Mariano , Pombo Ana , Nicodemi Mario
Published: April 2015

Understanding the mechanisms that control the organization of chromosomes in the space of the nucleus of cells, and its contribution to gene regulation, is a key open issue in molecular biology. New technologies have shown that chromosomes have a complex 3D organization, which dynamically changes across organisms and cell types. To understand such complex behaviors, quantitative models from polymer physics have been developed, to find the principles of chromosome folding, their origin and function. Here, we provide a short review of recent progress in such an important research field where Physical and Life Sciences meet.
Pseudofinite structures and simplicity
Authors: García Darío , Macpherson Dugald , Steinhorn Charles
Published: April 2015

We explore a notion of pseudofinite dimension, introduced by Hrushovski and Wagner, on an infinite ultraproduct of finite structures. Certain conditions on pseudofinite dimension are identified that guarantee simplicity or supersimplicity of the underlying theory, and that a drop in pseudofinite dimension is equivalent to forking. Under a suitable assumption, a measure-theoretic condition is shown to be equivalent to local stability. Many examples are explored, including vector spaces over finite fields viewed as 2-sorted finite structures, and homocyclic groups. Connections are made to products of sets in finite groups, in particular to word maps, and a generalization of Tao's Algebraic Regularity Lemma is noted.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age-related cardiac inflammation and macrophage M1 polarization
Authors: Toba Hiroe , de Castro Brás Lisandra E. , Baicu Catalin F. , Zile Michael R. , Lindsey Merry L. , Bradshaw Amy D.
Published: April 2015

To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in age-related cardiac inflammation, we studied six groups of mice: young (3–5 mo old), middle-aged (10–12 mo old), and old (18–29 mo old) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (Null) mice ( n = 7–10/group). Cardiac function and structure were determined by echocardiography. The left ventricle was used for cytokine gene array and macrophage quantification by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage infiltration increased with age in WT ( n = 5–6/group, P < 0.05 for young vs. old), but not in Null. Proinflammatory markers ( Ccl5, Cx3cl1, Ccr2, and Cxcr3) increased in middle-aged and old WT, whereas they were increased only in old Null compared with respective young ( n = 5–6/group, P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that SPARC deletion delayed age-related cardiac inflammation. To further assess how SPARC affects inflammation, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages with SPARC ( n = 4). SPARC treatment increased expression of proinflammatory macrophage M1 markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 markers. Echocardiography ( n = 7–10/group) revealed an age-related increase in wall thickness of the left ventricle in WT (0.76 ± 0.02 mm in young vs. 0.91 ± 0.03 mm in old; P < 0.05) but not in Null (0.78 ± 0.01 mm in young vs. 0.84 ± 0.02 mm in old). In conclusion, SPARC deletion delayed age-related increases in macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro. SPARC acts as an important mediator of age-related cardiac inflammation by increasing the expression of macrophage M1 markers and decreasing M2 markers.
The Active Fractional Order Control for Maglev Suspension System
Authors: Yu Peichang , Li Jie , Li Jinhui
Published: April 2015

Maglev suspension system is the core part of maglev train. In the practical application, the load uncertainties, inherent nonlinearity, and misalignment between sensors and actuators are the main issues that should be solved carefully. In order to design a suitable controller, the attention is paid to the fractional order controller. Firstly, the mathematical model of a single electromagnetic suspension unit is derived. Then, considering the limitation of the traditionalPDcontroller adaptation, the fractional order controller is developed to obtain more excellent suspension specifications and robust performance. In reality, the nonlinearity affects the structure and the precision of the model after linearization, which will degrade the dynamic performance. So, a fractional order controller is addressed to eliminate the disturbance by adjusting the parameters which are added by the fractional order controller. Furthermore, the controller based onLQRis employed to compare with the fractional order controller. Finally, the performance of them is discussed by simulation. The results illustrated the validity of the fractional order controller.
Acupuncture Therapy Is More Effective Than Artificial Tears for Dry Eye Syndrome: Evidence Based on a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Zongguo , Yu Hong , Song Hui
Published: April 2015

Background. The efficacy of acupuncture in dry eye syndrome patients remains controversial.Methods. Pubmed, Ovid, Cochrane libraries, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP databases were electronically searched until October 1, 2014. Outcomes including tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), and cornea fluorescein staining (CFS) were analyzed. A meta-analysis was performed using both fixed- and random-effects models based on heterogeneity across studies.Results. Seven studies were included in this study; 198 and 185 patients were randomly treated with acupuncture and artificial tears, respectively. The overall BUT of patients in acupuncture group was significantly longer than that of the artificial tears group after treatment (P<0.00001). The SIT was significantly higher in the acupuncture group than that in the artificial tears group after treatment (P=0.001). The CFS of patients in acupuncture group was significantly improved compared to that in artificial group (P<0.0001).Conclusions. Acupuncture therapy is effective for the dry eye patients, partly better than artificial tear treatment.
On the Analytical Approach to Present Engineering Problems: Photovoltaic Systems Behavior, Wind Speed Sensors Performance, and High-Speed Train Pressure Wave Effects in Tunnels
Authors: Pindado Santiago , Cubas Javier , Sorribes-Palmer Félix
Published: April 2015

At present, engineering problems required quite a sophisticated calculation means. However, analytical models still can prove to be a useful tool for engineers and scientists when dealing with complex physical phenomena. The mathematical models developed to analyze three different engineering problems: photovoltaic devices analysis; cup anemometer performance; and high-speed train pressure wave effects in tunnels are described. In all cases, the results are quite accurate when compared to testing measurements.
C1Rational Quadratic Trigonometric Interpolation Spline for Data Visualization
Authors: Liu Shengjun , Chen Zhili , Zhu Yuanpeng
Published: April 2015

A newC1piecewise rational quadratic trigonometric spline with four local positive shape parameters in each subinterval is constructed to visualize the given planar data. Constraints are derived on these free shape parameters to generate shape preserving interpolation curves for positive and/or monotonic data sets. Two of these shape parameters are constrained while the other two can be set free to interactively control the shape of the curves. Moreover, the order of approximation of developed interpolant is investigated asO(h3). Numeric experiments demonstrate that our method can construct nice shape preserving interpolation curves efficiently.
NMMHC IIA inhibition impedes tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis via Akt/GSK3β-NF-κB signalling pathways in the endothelium
Authors: Zhai Kefeng , Tang Youmei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Fang , Wang Yan , Cao Zhengyu , Yu Boyang , Yu Jun , Kou Junping
Published: April 2015

Non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA) has been shown to be involved in thrombus formation and inflammatory microparticle release in endothelial cells. However, the role of NMMHC IIA in regulating the expression of tissue factor (TF) and deep venous thrombosis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, endothelial cells were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to induce TF expression. Pretreatment with the NMMHC II inhibitor blebbistatin suppressed the mRNA and protein expressions as well as the procoagulant activity of TF in a dose-dependent manner. Blebbistatin enhanced Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation and inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation. These observations were similar to the effect of CHIR99021, a GSK3β inhibitor. TF downregulation by blebbistatin was antagonised by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of NMMHC IIA but not IIB or IIC, inhibited TF expression, activated Akt/GSK3β and suppressed NF-κB signalling pathways, whereas the overexpression of NMMHC IIA increased TF expression. The binding of NMMHC IIA and TNF receptor 2 mediated signal internalisation in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells. Importantly, blebbistatin decreased endothelium NMMHC IIA and TF expression, deactivated GSK3β by inducing its phosphorylation, suppressed p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibited thrombus formation in a mouse deep venous thrombosis model. Our findings provide solid evidence that inhibition of NMMHC II most likely NMMHC IIA impedes TF expression and venous thrombosis via Akt/GSK3β-NF-κB signalling pathways in the endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. NMMHC IIA might be a potential novel target for the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
A review of platelet secretion assays for the diagnosis of inherited platelet secretion disorders
Authors: Mumford Andrew D. , Frelinger III Andrew L. , Gachet Christian , Gresele Paolo , Noris Patrizia , Harrison Paul , Mezzano Diego
Published: April 2015

Measurement of platelet granule release to detect inherited platelet secretion disorders (IPSDs) is essential for the evaluation of patients with abnormal bleeding and is necessary to distinguish which granule sub-types are affected and whether there is abnormal granule bio-synthesis or secretion. The radioactive serotonin incorporation and release assay, described before 1970, is still considered the “gold standard” test to assess platelet δ-granule release, although is unsuitable for clinical diagnostic laboratories. Luciferin-based assays, such as lumiaggregometry, are the most widely performed alternatives, although these methods do not distinguish defects in δ-granule biosyn-thesis from defects in secretion. Platelet α-granule release is commonly evaluated using flow cytometry by measuring surface exposure of P-selectin after platelet activation. However, this assay has poor sensitivity for some α-granule disorders. Only few studies have been published with more recently developed assays and no critical reviews on these methods are available. In this review, we describe the rationale for developing robust and accurate laboratory tests of platelet granule release and describe the characteristics of the currently available tests. We identify an unmet need for further systematic evaluation of new assays and for standardisation of methodologies for clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Relation hypero-hyponymique et traduction
Authors: Ballard Michel
Published: April 2015

O presente estudo ilustra o princípio da tradução como uma forma de reformulação. Aceita tal premissa, o desafio é o de identificar o quanto existe de reformulação deduzível no interior do processo tradutório. Pretende-se mostrar que um certo número de procedimentos tradutórios podem ser relacionados a esquemas de equivalência identificáveis no plano intralingual. A relação hípero-hiponímica é uma forma de estruturação do léxico: aplicada à tradução, permite não apenas comparar as diferenças lexicais em termos de extensão, mas, também, é uma forma de mapear os processos criativos da tradução. O estudo busca, igualmente, integrar à descrição do fenômeno o componente de subjetividade inerente à tradução.
Terminologia e neologia
Authors: Alves Ieda Maria
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho procura mostrar as relações existentes entre terminologia e neologia, que podem ser situadas desde que os primeiros homens começaram a denominar conceitos e elementos referenciais do mundo em que viviam. Apresenta o conceito de neologia e sua evolução, determinada a partir da década de 80 como conseqüência do desenvolvimento crescente das atividades de caráter terminológico. Em seguida, apresenta os processos de formação de neologismos terminológicos — derivação, composição, transferência semântica, empréstimo de outros idiomas, truncação —, exemplificando-os por meio de exemplos extraídos da terminologia da Inteligência Artificial.
Essai d'élaboration d'un modèle terminologique/terminographique variationniste
Authors: Auger Pierre
Published: April 2015

O texto a seguir trata do fenômeno da variação denominativa nas terminologias e das diferentes formas de que ela se reveste. A consideração deste fenômeno constitui uma tendência relativamente nova entre os terminólogos, influenciada pela socioterminologia e proveniente da terminologia com base em corpus. Este texto apresenta essa nova tendência variacionista e procura demonstrar como ela está modificando a própria prática da terminologia e suas descrições. No cerne destas modificações encontra-se a discussão do princípio wüsteriano da biunivocidade do termo. Para a terminologia, isso implica a aceitação de fenômenos como a polissemia e a sinonímia, tradicionalmente considerados como aberrantes ou, ao menos, interferentes nos discursos das línguas de especialidade. Para determinar adequadamente a sinonímia (variação denominativa), propomos neste artigo a utilização de marcas específicas (cronoletais, topoletais, sociolingüísticas, socioprofissionais) próprias para orientar o usuário nas diferentes situações relativas à linguagem com que ele se depara. O texto apresenta enfim um modelo terminográfico de dados adaptado a uma descrição terminológica variacionista.
Uma investigação baseada em corpus sobre padrões de estilo de um tradutor literário relacionados ao conectivo that/zero e a formas fixas e semi-fixas, observados em Discovering the World
Authors: Camargo Diva Cardoso de
Published: April 2015

Este estudo tem por tema o estilo de um tradutor literário, relacionado ao uso individual de padrões recorrentes de comportamento lingüístico. Considerando que a definição de estilo não chegou a um consenso mesmo para as disciplinas da crítica literária e da estilística, adotou-se a noção proposta por Baker (2000: 246-7), que concebe estilo como uma espécie de impressão digital, que fica expressa no texto traduzido por uma variedade de características lingüísticas. A fim de investigar o estilo do tradutor literário Giovanni Pontiero, compilei para o corpus principal a tradução Discovering the World feita por esse profissional, e para o corpus de referência o respectivo original A Descoberta do Mundo, de Clarice Lispector. Em contraste com o modo tradicional de examinar se o estilo do autor foi adequadamente transposto na tradução, este estudo teve por objetivo identificar, no corpus de tradução, o uso de um estilo distintivo da parte de Pontiero, evidenciado por padrões recorrentes e preferenciais, envolvendo estruturas do verbo de elocução SAY. O trabalho foi desenvolvido semi-automaticamente, por meio de uma combinação de análise computadorizada, utilizando os programas WordSmith Tools e Multiconcord, e análise manual. A observação de padrões de estilo individuais, recorrentes e preferenciais revela escolhas estilísticas, feitas consciente ou inconscientemente por Pontiero, referentes ao uso de padrões com as formas de SAY envolvendo tanto o conectivo opcional that/zero como expressões fixas e semi-fixas, todos esses padrões com freqüências mais altas do que em relação ao respectivo texto original.
Questões sobre tradução
Authors: Vicentini Albertina , Ferreira Alice Maria Araújo , Peixoto Elane Ribeiro
Published: April 2015

O artigo expõe as principais vertentes teóricas dos estudos sobre tradução. Discute algumas posições sobre as questões da fidelidade, da recriação, da tradução literal e da intraducibilidade na área. Acrescenta a essas questões a ética do traduzir e a relação do ato tradutório com o Outro.
A tradução juramentada de documentos suíços: resultados parciais em torno dos termos estudados
Authors: Chanut Maria Emília Pereira
Published: April 2015

Os termos legais e/ou jurídicos presentes em documentos oficiais, registros e certidões civis têm como principal especificidade o fato de fazerem referência a sistemas legais cujas lógicas de pensamentos estão ancorados numa cultura jurídica bem particular. Os termos empregados para designar os títulos de pessoas, funções, instituições, departamentos, serviços, leis etc, podem apresentar uma equivalência morfológica terrivelmente enganosa, pois adquirem significados ou usos diferentes em países distintos que falam a mesma língua, como no caso de países francófonos como a França e a Suíça francesa. Nosso estudo, apoiado num corpus de traduções juramentadas, expõe uma abordagem comparativa/terminológica bilíngue (português do Brasil/francês da França), problematizada por particularidades do francês da Suíça.
Tradução indireta: uma prática de divulgação e enriquecimento cultural
Authors: Accácio Manuela Acássia
Published: April 2015

A tradução indireta é um meio de divulgação e enriquecimento cultural, através do qual muitas obras de limitado acesso físico e/ou linguístico chegaram a nossa cultura. Neste caso, a produção de línguas pouco divulgadas era disseminada via línguas dominantes. A fim de contribuir com o estudo da tradução indireta, retomamos algumas pesquisas já realizadas sobre esse tema. Algumas delas destacaram o enriquecimento linguístico e literário da literatura hebraica, assim como as línguas intermediadoras na Idade Média e Moderna na tradução de línguas minoritárias ou pouco faladas em âmbito europeu. Por fim, estudaremos a tradução indireta no Brasil, a qual foi iniciada pelos jesuítas, ganhando força mais tarde na produção editorial de romances-folhetins traduzidos de outras línguas através do francês.
A noção de equivalência quando se traduz marcas gramaticais: o caso de mas e suas traduções para o francês e o inglês
Authors: Celli Marion
Published: April 2015

Este estudo, baseado em corpora paralelos, concentra-se nas relações entre os marcadores MAS (em português), MAIS (em francês) e BUT (em inglês) (Aubert, 1998) e no conceito de equivalência. Tendo em vista a história da tradução, muito tem sido dito sobre essa noção, que, direta ou indiretamente, tem sido usada de diferentes formas pelos estudiosos da área. Este artigo chama a atenção para a subjacente noção matemática de equivalência normalmente presente na lexicografia bilíngue tradicional, que, em geral, exclui a definição e a contextualização dos verbetes, em especial em dicionários português-francês e português-inglês. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as unidades gramaticais observadas apresentam particularidades que variam de acordo com seu contexto de uso, o que dá origem a um número variado de correspondentes e especificidades tradutórias, diferentemente do que é oferecido em dicionários bilíngues para MAS.
Análise da tradução/adaptação de textos dramáticos sob a perspectiva da Linguística de Corpus
Authors: Perroti-Garcia Ana Julia
Published: April 2015

As ferramentas computadorizadas podem ajudar na análise de textos em geral. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar se tais ferramentas também poderiam ser úteis ao analisar textos dramáticos. As ferramentas computacionais incluídas no presente estudo são: um gerador de listas de palavras, um alinhador e um concordanciador paralelo. Para a análise, utilizamos a peça Ruckus in the Garden, escrita por David Farr, dramaturgo britânico e sua tradução ao português. A partir da pesquisa aqui realizada, pudemos concluir que as ferramentas computacionais ajudam na sistematização e no tratamento dos dados a serem analisados, tornando mais ágil e consistente a manipulação dos textos a serem pesquisados.
Aspectos semântico-lexicais dos tabus linguísticos em atlas linguísticos estaduais
Authors: Almeida Laura De
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar os tabus linguísticos presentes nos atlas Atlas Prévio dos Falares Baianos (APFB),  Atlas Linguístico de Sergipe I (ALSE I), Atlas Linguístico da Paraíba (Alpa). Selecionamos os temas referentes ao item II- Homem do Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL) do Alib, mais especificamente aos ciclos da vida, ou seja, variantes linguísticas que ocorreram em resposta à seguinte questão: “as mulheres perdem sangue todos os meses. Como se chama isso? (menstruação). Inicialmente, apresentaremos o tabu em questão conforme a visão de Freud quando ele discute entre tabus temporários e permanentes. Estudaremos como esse tabu Linguístico é visto por teóricos como GUÉRIOS (1979) quando este ressalta  o significado que o sangue tem em todos os povos. Além disso, traçaremos um paralelo entre “pureza e perigo” que é abordado pela antropóloga Mary Douglas. Sob a luz dos teóricos mencionados, buscaremos traçar  um percurso que permita estabelecer um confronto de todos os mapas apresentados e as conclusões que podemos tirar de caráter geral. Dessa forma, visamos propor uma tipologia dos tabus existentes nos atlas linguísticos mencionados. Elaboramos uma classificação com base em GUÉRIOS(1979), seguida de uma análise das lexias e suas variantes. Com este estudo pretendemos traçar um mapeamento da ocorrência deste fenômeno Linguístico nos atlas linguísticos mencionados, mostrando a cultura e a visão de mundo próprias dessas localidades. Busca também contribuir para um estudo mais aprofundado do material apresentado nos atlas linguísticos.
Tecnologias de tradução: implicações éticas para a prática tradutória
Authors: Stupiello Érika Nogueira de Andrade
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho compreende uma reflexão sobre as implicações éticas para a prática contemporânea de tradução com o uso de sistemas de memórias. Ao pensar em ética, propõe-se uma análise da extensão da responsabilidade tradutória à luz de pensamentos e propostas que versam o que constituiriam atitudes éticas por parte do tradutor. Essa análise é trazida para o cenário de atuação do tradutor contemporâneo, que faz uso de ferramentas tecnológicas, integra equipes de trabalho com designação específica de tarefas e é orientado a conduzir sua prática de forma a recuperar opções anteriores de tradução e a fornecer sua produção terminológica em conjunto com a tradução. Concluiu-se que essa configuração de trabalho acaba por dissipar a responsabilidade do tradutor ao mesmo tempo em que retoma a concepção de tradução como transposição de significados entre diferentes línguas.
As novas traduções de Freud feitas diretamente do alemão: estilo e terminologia
Authors: Tavares Pedro Heliodoro de Moraes Branco
Published: April 2015

Em 2009, 70 anos após a morte de Sigmund Freud, sua obra caiu em domínio público. Como consequência, após décadas de intensas críticas sobre a única e indireta versão disponível em língua portuguesa, tem-se finalmente três projetos de tradução sendo desenvolvidos no Brasil a partir do original alemão. A intenção deste artigo, portanto, foi a de discutir os desafios e as direções tomadas por esses tradutores, sobretudo no que concerne à difícil tarefa de conciliar o aclamado estilo literário de Freud e uma precisa recuperação de sua terminologia psicanalítica. A título de exemplo, finalizou-se investigando as escolhas feitas para a tradução de Trieb, um dos mais centrais conceitos freudianos.
O discurso do rei: tradução e poder
Authors: Trifanovas Terezinha Rivera
Published: April 2015

Tomando como objeto de estudo o filme intitulado O discurso do rei, observou-se, particularmente, as interações comunicativas entre os protagonistas (o rei britânico George VI e o terapeuta australiano Lionel Logue), com o intuito de analisar os efeitos de sentido identificados, pelos autores do artigo, em torno das relações de poder presentes no discurso original em língua inglesa e na tradução legendada para a língua portuguesa. Para isso, foram selecionados os diálogos mais representativos das relações de poder entre as referidas personagens e empreendida a análise da materialidade linguística por uma perspectiva discursiva, centrada no estudo das relações entre linguagem, sujeito e história, que considera as condições de produção e os efeitos de sentido. Ressalta-se, porém, não ser a intenção analisar a qualidade da atividade tradutória, mas, sim, observar como se dá a construção de efeitos de sentido relacionados às relações de poder de um idioma para outro.
As fronteiras entre tradução e adaptação: da equivalência dinâmica de Nida à tradaptação de Garneau
Authors: Frio Fernanda
Published: April 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho é traçar um panorama do uso do termo adaptação, principalmente em relação aos Estudos da Tradução, de modo a delimitar as fronteiras e pontos de convergência entre adaptação e tradução, além de analisar a pertinência e carga ideológica do termo tradaptação. Assim, este trabalho tenciona mostrar que tanto a tradução quanto a adaptação são fenômenos intimamente ligados, mas que, não obstante, possuem existência independente.
Chinese Familism and Leadership Formation
Authors: Shi-Min Lu
Published: April 2015

The display of the slogan ‘harmony’ in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympics in Beijing seems to signify that China is moving toward a new conception of Communism. However, the pursuit of a harmonious society is not new in Chinese history. It is actually rooted in the complex Chinese tradition, especially that of Confucianism. The idea ofren(benevolence) is often considered as the prime ideology of Confucianism, but through a closer look at Chinese traditions, one will find that Chinese familism is positioned at the core of Chinese culture. The harmony the Confucianist seeks is situated in the unequal relationship in propriety defined by familism which has profound impact on the Chinese leadership formation as shown in the Chinese imperial system. Since Confucianism is deeply rooted not only in Chinese culture but also in the cultures of its neighborhood, understanding leadership formation in the context of Confucianism can be crucial to the effectiveness for mission leaders involved in Asian leadership in the marketplace and in the ecclesial practices. It is my argument that harmony, as expressed in the unequal relationship of Chinese familism, which is the driving force of leadership formation for the Chinese over the last two millennia, can be revitalized through the expression of harmony as defined by Max De Pree in his conception of leadership formation: mutually edifying participation between persons who are stewarding God-given gifts. The first task of this paper is to define Chinese familism. This is followed by a comparative analysis of leadership formation within the Chinese cultural context, in light of the current leadership discoveries emanating from the West. The paper concludes with a presentation of potential ways in which familial ideals might be integrated with De Pree’s leadership principles.
A new species of Saurida (Pisces: Synodontidae) from the Mascarene Plateau, Western Indian Ocean
Authors: RUSSELL BARRY C.
Published: April 2015

A new species of lizardfish, Saurida tweddlei n.sp., from the Mascarene Plateau, Western Indian Ocean, is described and figured. The new species is characterised by the following combination of characters: dorsal fin with 12–13 rays; pectorals with 14–15 rays; lateral-line scales 53–55; transverse scale rows above lateral line 4½, below lateral line 5½; pectoral fins moderately long (extending to or just beyond a line from origin of pelvic fins to origin of dorsal fin); 2 rows of teeth on outer palatines; 0–3 teeth on vomer; tongue with about 4–5 rows of teeth posteriorly; caudal peduncle compressed (depth greater than width); stomach and intestine pale whitish. A key to the species of Saurida of the Western Indian Ocean is provided.
Can Family Financial Resources Buy Friends?
Authors: Fong Eric , Tong Yuying
Published: April 2015

This study examines empirically the relationship between the economic conditions back home and the friendship patterns of migrants at the new destination. The migrant adjustment process is not just associated with the individual socioeconomic status, but is also related to family economic conditions in their place of origin. Our study, based on data collected in 2010 on migrant workers in seven cities located in Pearl River Delta and Yangzi River Delta in China, confirms the relationship. Our findings indicate that rural migrants in China with higher income and better economic conditions back home are associated with more friends in the host society. We also find friendship patterns to be different between male and female migrant workers. In particular, family economic conditions back home are particularly important for males’ friendship pattern, but not for females. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The Correa Coup
Authors: Becker Marc
Published: April 2015

On September 30, 2010, discontented police officers and military troops plunged Ecuador into a political crisis as they took President Rafael Correa hostage, seized airports, and stormed the National Assembly building. In response, Correa declared a state of emergency and denounced what he termed a coup attempt. To outside observers, what appeared to be in process was yet another potentially extraconstitutional transfer of power in Ecuador’s tumultuous political history, with some pointing to the presence of the heavy imperial hand of the United States. Some grassroots activists, however, cast the political disruptions as little more than a labor dispute that Correa manipulated to entrench his increasingly authoritarian control over the country. At play in these competing narratives were debates over what political and economic direction Ecuador should take and whose interests those developments would benefit. Furthermore, the September 30 protests raise questions of how various domestic and international actors opportunistically exploit political developments to advance their own competing interests. Analyzing these events leads to a deeper understanding and appreciation for the compromises local social movements make, as well as the difficulties inherent in building transnational solidarity networks.

El 30 de septiembre de 2010, tropas militares y oficiales de la policía descontentos sumieron al Ecuador en una crisis política al tomar como rehén al Presidente Rafael Correa, ocupar aereopuertos y asaltar el edificio de la Asamblea Nacional. En respuesta, Correa declaró un estado de emergencia y denunció lo que él consideró un intento de golpe de estado. Para los observadores externos, lo que parecía que estaba ocurriendo era un nuevo intento de cambio de poder potencialmente extra constitucional en la tumultuosa historia política del Ecuador, y algunos llegaron a señalar la presencia de la pesada mano imperial de los Estados Unidos. Algunos activistas populares, sin embargo, vieron las perturbaciones políticas como poco más que una disputa laboral que Correa manipuló para afianzar su control cada vez más autoritario sobre el país. En juego en estas narrativas antagónicas estaba el debate sobre qué dirección política y económica el Ecuador debería tomar y a quiénes beneficiarán esos desarrollos. Además, las protestas del 30 de septiembre suscitan interrogantes sobre cómo varios actores domésticos e internacionales explotaron de manera oportunista estos desarrollos políticos para adelantar sus propios intereses antagónicos. El análisis de estos acontecimientos nos lleva a un mejor entendimiento y apreciación sobre las conceciones que los movimientos sociales locales tienen que hacer, y también sobre las dificultades inherentes en la creación de redes de solidaridad transnacionales.
Followers are opinion leaders: The role of people in the flow of political communication on and beyond social networking sites
Authors: Karlsen Rune
Published: April 2015

One of the defining characteristics of the increasingly essential social networking sites is the network structure of the new medium. Opinion leaders are essential for the flow of communication in networks and consequently should be crucial for the flow of communication on social networking sites. Hence, to assess the political role and impact of social networking sites in electoral politics, we must find out more about the followers of parties and politicians. The aim of this article is therefore to investigate to what extent opinion leaders are more likely than others to follow parties and politicians on Facebook and whether opinion leaders are especially active in their online and offline networks, using a unique national representative web survey with more than 5700 respondents. The findings show that followers of parties and politicians on Facebook to a great extent are opinion leaders and that these opinion leaders are especially active in online and offline networks. This increases the significance of social networking sites and increases the role of opinion leaders in the flow of political communication in the society.
“A Dragon Risen from a Shallow Stream”
Authors: Heffner Heather
Published: April 2015

This article explores the relationship between nationalist narrative and middle-class performativity and how this relationship is challenged by processes of globalization. What types of narrative does the nation-state use to frame the middle class, and how do such representations affect middle-class development? It focuses on the South Korean middle-class post–Korean War, after which the state’s claim to legitimacy rested upon creating a large middle stratum to serve as the synecdoche for the nation. This normative middle-class project was increasingly articulated in neoliberal terms. It then identifies three narrative frames the state used to shape the new urban middle class: loss, progress, and return. I then examine the South Korean middle class as a movement that coalesced or fractured through time in relation to the three narrative framings.
From CSR to RSC
Authors: Sandoval Marisol
Published: April 2015

The task of this paper is to trace the academic discourse on corporate social responsibility (CSR) by discussing how CSR approaches and models relate profit goals and social goals of the corporation. I show that CSR approaches that dominate the academic discourse either instrumentalize the social, idealize the corporate, or separate the corporate from the social. Based on a critical political economy perspective I argue that it is necessary to consider mutual interrelations between profit goals and social goals. This perspective reveals an antagonism between the corporate and the social that points to the impossibility of CSR. Critical CSR research thus far has failed to draw the necessary conclusions from its own analysis: despite acknowledging the structural flaws of the concept of CSR, critics have hardly made any attempts to overcome it. I argue that despite its ideological character CSR contains a rational element. Realizing this rational kernel however requires going beyond CSR. I therefore suggest a new concept that turns CSR off its head and places it upon its feet.
Vibration analysis of spinning exponentially functionally graded Timoshenko beams based on differential transform method
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Mokhtari Mohadese
Published: April 2015

In this paper, free vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded thick beams within the context of Timoshenko beam theory is presented. Material properties of functionally graded beam are supposed to vary exponentially along the thickness direction of the constituents. Governing equations are derived through Hamilton’s principle and they are solved applying differential transform method. The good agreement between the results of this article and those available in literature validated the presented approach. The detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed while the emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of several beam parameters such as constituent volume fractions, slenderness ratios, rotational speed and hub radius on vibration characteristics of the rotating thick functionally graded beam. It is concluded that these effects play significant role on dynamic behavior of rotating FG beam. Numerical results are presented to serve as benchmarks for future analyses of such beams.
Justifications Shape Ethical Blind Spots
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Leib Margarita , Gordon-Hecker Tom , Shalvi Shaul
Published: April 2015

To some extent, unethical behavior results from people’s limited attention to ethical considerations, which results in an ethical blind spot. Here, we focus on the role of ambiguity in shaping people’s ethical blind spots, which in turn lead to their ethical failures. We suggest that in ambiguous settings, individuals’ attention shifts toward tempting information, which determines the magnitude of their lies. Employing a novel ambiguous-dice paradigm, we asked participants to report the outcome of the die roll appearing closest to the location of a previously presented fixation cross on a computer screen; this outcome would determine their pay. We varied the value of the die second closest to the fixation cross to be either higher (i.e., tempting) or lower (i.e., not tempting) than the die closest to the fixation cross. Results of two experiments revealed that in ambiguous settings, people’s incorrect responses were self-serving. Tracking participants’ eye movements demonstrated that people’s ethical blind spots are shaped by increased attention toward tempting information.
A Comparison of Design and Support Priorities of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
Authors: Fridahl Mathias , Hagemann Markus , Röser Frauke , Amars Latif
Published: April 2015

In context of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, developing countries are asked to contribute to greenhouse gas control objectives by proposing so-called Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Although the concept provides developing countries with complete flexibility to design NAMAs, a majority of proposals seek international support. This article improves our understanding of the matching of NAMA design and international support by exploring (mis-) alignment between support providers' and NAMA developers' prioritization for NAMAs. The article assesses survey responses from support providers in light of records of NAMAs. We conclude that there is a mismatch between support providers' primary emphasis on systems for measuring emissions reductions and the lack of such provisions in existing NAMA proposals. Furthermore, sector preferences may create structural biases in NAMA support.
NYC 311
Authors: Minkoff Scott L.
Published: April 2015

311 is a telephone and web service that allows residents of many cities to report nonemergency concerns and problems with city services to their local government. This article explores the Census-tract-level variation in 311 contacting volume within New York City. Drawing on previous research on citizen–government interaction, service delivery, and civic engagement, the article focuses on how contacting propensity and condition both explain spatial variations in contacting volume. These explanations are tested using indicators that describe the people who live and work in the space, the housing in the space, the economic development of the space, and the space’s representation in city government. 311 contacting is divided into three categories (government-provided goods, graffiti, and noise) that are separately analyzed using regression models that account for spatial and serial dependence. The article also discusses the theoretical and methodological challenges of using 311 data to understand the distribution of problems within a city.
A Severe Case of Recalcitrant Pompholyx
Authors: Gill Jeewanjit , Pratt Melanie
Published: April 2015

Background:

Pompholyx is an inflammatory vesiculobullous skin disease of the hands and feet belonging to the spectrum of eczema.

Objective:

To report a severe case of pompholyx, its clinical presentation, and its management.

Methods:

A medical chart review was conducted on a patient with this condition.

Results:

The patient was patch tested according to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) Standard Screening Series, and results were negative. In the past, she was treated with corticosteroid creams as well as narrow band ultraviolet B (UVB), and Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapies, and none were beneficial. When the frequency of the episodes increased, methotrexate was introduced but failed to control the condition. Next, mycophenolate mofetil was started and gradually increased to 3.5 g daily along with a separate trial of radiotherapy with marked success.

Conclusion:

Pompholyx can be challenging to manage, and treatment can involve an assortment of therapies over a prolonged period of time.
The return of social government
Authors: Davies William
Published: April 2015

In recent years, there has been a panoply of new forms of ‘social’ government, as manifest in ‘social enterprise’ and ‘social media’. This follows an era of neoliberalism in which social logics were apparently being eliminated, through the expansion of economic rationalities. To understand this, the article explores the critique of the very notion of the ‘social’, as manifest in neoliberal contributions to the socialist calculation debate from the 1920s onwards. Understood as a zone lying between market and state, the social was accused by Mises and Hayek of being both unaccountable (lacking any units of measurement) and formless (lacking instruments of explication). The article then asks to what extent these critiques still retain their purchase, following recent developments in hedonic measurement and data analytics. The argument is made that new post-neoliberal forms of ‘social government’ may now be entirely plausible, though focusing on the corporation rather than the state.
Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of process parameters for a sol–gel-derived nano-alumina film
Authors: Mohan Sreejith , Sivapirakasam SP , Santhosh Kumar MC , Surianarayanan M
Published: April 2015

In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal process parameter combinations for realizing both lower film thickness and crystallite size and higher film thickness and crystallite size in a nano-alumina film prepared by sol–gel route. The process parameters evaluated were the molar concentration of the sol, dipping time, and sintering temperature. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and an analysis of variance were employed to analyze the effect of these process parameters. Surface profile measurement and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to measure the film thickness and crystallite size respectively. The analysis showed that the molar concentration of the sol was the most significant parameter on the film thickness and crystallite size, followed by dipping time and sintering temperature. Experimental results are supplied to exemplify the strength of this approach.
Learning English, working hard, and challenging risk discourses
Authors: Koyama Jill
Published: April 2015

Refugees in the US are often seen as risk-takers—those who engage in potentially harmful behaviors that simultaneously provide opportunity; with their perceived weaknesses in English language training, overall education, and US cultural capital, refugees are also frequently situated as being “at-risk” of not adapting to their new contexts. In this article, which draws on a two year ethnographic study in a Northeastern city, I trouble the simultaneous positioning of refugees as risk-takers and as being at risk. National policies governing the integration of refugees reduce social and educational adaptation to economic self-sufficiency, resulting in the emergence of three threads of risk: the risk of refugees being dependent on government resources, the risk of refugees “taking” jobs from Americans, and the risk of refugees threatening national security. Here, I focus on the first two threads, which represent a dichotomy of risk narratives, but which also poise refugees as risks to the mythical/idealized quality of American life and economic well-being. I document refugees participating in ESL and career-readiness classes offered by local resettlement agencies to reveal how educators in both ESL and career classes employ the narrative of positive risk-taking to challenge the more negative risk discourses.
School social cohesion, student-school connectedness, and bullying in Colombian adolescents
Authors: Springer Andrew E. , Cuevas Jaramillo Maria Clara , Ortiz Gómez Yamileth , Case Katie , Wilkinson Anna
Published: April 2015

Background:

Student-school connectedness is inversely associated with multiple health risk behaviors, yet research is limited on the relative contributions of a student’s connectedness with school and an overall context of school social cohesion to peer victimization/bullying.

Purpose:

We examined associations of perceived school cohesion and student-school connectedness with physical victimization, verbal victimization, and social exclusion in the past six months in adolescents in grades 6–11 ( N = 774) attending 11 public and private urban schools in Colombia.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models.

Results:

Higher perceived school cohesion was inversely related with exposure to three bullying types examined ( p < 0.05); student-school connectedness was negatively related to verbal victimization among girls only ( p < 0.01). In full models, school cohesion maintained inverse associations with three bullying types after controlling for student-school connectedness ( p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Enhancing school cohesion may hold benefits for bullying prevention beyond a student’s individual school connectedness.