bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport
Authors: Smits Froukje , Knoppers Annelies , Elling-Machartzki Agnes
Published: September 2020

The acceptance of gay males in sport is growing in various western countries. However, research also suggests that young males, including athletes, tend to engage in homonegative speech acts, often called microaggressions, that make it difficult for them to navigate practices of masculinity. We used solicited diaries or diary logs written by (non-)heterosexual young male team sport athletes (aged 16–25) to investigate how they experienced and heard expressions of homonegative and heteronormative microaggressive speech acts. We drew on Foucault’s notion of discourse, Butler’s conceptualization of performativity of heteronormativity and Sue’s work on microaggressions to examine how microaggressive speech acts by young male athletes reflect current sexual and gender cultural norms. The results revealed how homonegative speech acts were embedded in a gay aesthetic and abject femininity and used to endorse a desirable heteronormative masculinity. We concluded that homonegative microaggressive speech acts contribute to the preservation of discursive heteronormativity in sport despite growing acceptance of non-heterosexual male athletes.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant for the Treatment of VTE in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Shujie , Zhang Yatong , Li Yan , Li Yongjun , Miao Yuqing , Zhao Rongsheng , Zhai Suodi
Published: September 2020

Background:

Recent clinical guidelines suggest direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as treatment for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), but the strength of such recommendations was not clear. Newly released trials add uncertainties to the benefit and risk assessment between DOACs and conventional therapy (low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH] or vitamin K antagonists [VKAs]).

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs in patients with CAT, as compared with LMWH and VKAs.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported outcomes of DOACs for treating CAT were included. Relative risk (RR), risk difference, and 95% CIs were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method.

Results:

A total of 8 RCTs were included. DOACs significantly reduced VTE recurrence (RR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.48-0.73) compared with conventional therapy. Results were similar in the LMWH and VKA subgroups. DOACs had a higher, though nonsignificant, risk of major bleeding compared with LMWH (RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.94-1.89) but lower risk of major bleeding compared with VKAs (RR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39-0.93). Findings were consistent across patients with active cancer and history of cancer.

Conclusion and Relevance:

DOACs have better efficacy to prevent recurrent VTE compared with conventional therapy. Regarding the safety profile, DOACs may carry higher risk of bleeding compared with LMWH but lower risk of bleeding compared with VKAs. Further studies are needed to inform the optimal anticoagulation approach for different types of cancers.
Implementation of Early Detection Services for Cancer in India During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khanna Divya , Khargekar Naveen Chandrahas , Khanna Ajay Kumar
Published: September 2020

Early detection of cancer greatly increases the chances of better survival. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted several essential health services globally and early detection of cancer services is one of them. The routine cancer screenings have plummeted in many developed countries since the crisis. India has highest estimated lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide (119,992, 33.8%) and the secondhighest number of breast (162,468, 17.8%) and cervix uteri (96,922,30.7%) cancers in Asian sub-continent. Not only India has high burden of cancer, but the majority (75-80%) of patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Hence is it imperative that early detection services should be kept functional at out-patient settings so that at least the patients coming to hospitals with early signs and symptoms can be diagnosed as early as possible. Strategies need to be adopted to continue early detection services and ensure safety of patients and health care workers from COVID-19 transmission.
When Suspects Resist Arrest: Prevalence, Correlates, and Implications for Front-Line Policing
Authors: Hine Kelly A. , Payne Jason L. , Piquero Alex R.
Published: September 2020

Police use of force is one of the most critical issues in policing with research consistently finding that the best predictor of force is suspect resistance. Yet, resistance itself is relatively rarely researched. This study drew from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australian (DUMA) program – Australia’s longest running cross-sectional survey of offenders. Data was analyzed using multivariate and multi-level logistic regression to identify factors that predict suspect resistance in terms of whether the suspect was charged with resisting arrest or not. Results showed that while suspect resistance was relatively rare, it was more common under specific situations. Factors relating to offender demographics, crime, temporal/situational, and policing district all contributed to whether suspects were charged with resisting arrest. Moreover, the results showed that the policing region was the strongest predictor of whether a detainee was charged with suspect resistance. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of police-citizen encounters.
The Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and New Onset Renal Replacement Therapy on the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Supriyadi Rudi , Huang Ian , Permana Hikmat , Lim Michael Anthonius , Yonas Emir , Soetedjo Nanny Natalia M , Lukito Antonia Anna
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and new onset renal replacement therapy (RRT) with the outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients.

Methodology:

A systematic literature search from several databases was performed on studies that assessed CKD, use of RRT, and the outcome of COVID-19. The composite of poor outcome consisted of mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care, and use of mechanical ventilator.

Results:

Nineteen studies with a total of 7216 patients were included. CKD was associated with increased composite poor outcome (RR 2.63 [1.33, 5.17], P = .03; I2 = 51%, P = .01) and its subgroup, consisting of mortality (RR 3.47 [1.36, 8.86], P = .009; I2 = 14%, P = .32) and severe COVID-19 (RR 2.89 [0.98, 8.46], P = .05; I2 = 57%, P = .04). RRT was associated with increased composite poor outcome (RR 18.04 [4.44, 73.25], P < .001; I2 = 87%, P < .001), including mortality (RR 26.02 [5.01, 135.13], P < .001; I2 = 60%, P = .06), severe COVID-19 (RR 12.95 [1.93, 86.82], P = .008; I2 = 81%, P < .001), intensive care (IC) (RR 14.22 [1.76, 114.62], P < .01; I2 = 0%, P < .98), and use of mechanical ventilator (RR 34.39 [4.63, 255.51], P < .0005).

Conclusion:

CKD and new-onset RRT were associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.
The risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies: A Delphi consensus statement
Authors: Moiola Lucia , Barcella Valeria , Benatti Simone , Capobianco Marco , Capra Ruggero , Cinque Paola , Comi Giancarlo , Fasolo Maria Michela , Franzetti Fabio , Galli Massimo , Gerevini Simonetta , Meroni Luca , Origoni Massimo , Prosperini Luca , Puoti Massimo , Scarpazza Cristina , Tortorella Carla , Zaffaroni Mauro , Riva Agostino
Published: September 2020

The risk of infection associated with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been increasingly addressed in recent scientific literature. A modified Delphi consensus process was conducted to develop clinically relevant, evidence-based recommendations to assist physicians with decision-making in relation to the risks of a wide range of infections associated with different DMDs in patients with MS. The current consensus statements, developed by a panel of experts (neurologists, infectious disease specialists, a gynaecologist and a neuroradiologist), address the risk of iatrogenic infections (opportunistic infections, including herpes and cryptococcal infections, candidiasis and listeria; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; human papillomavirus and urinary tract infections; respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis; hepatitis and gastrointestinal infections) in patients with MS treated with different DMDs, as well as prevention strategies and surveillance strategies for the early identification of infections. In the discussion, more recent data emerged in the literature were taken into consideration. Recommended risk reduction and management strategies for infections include screening at diagnosis and before starting a new DMD, prophylaxis where appropriate, monitoring and early diagnosis.
Work after Death: An Examination of the Relationship between Grief, Emotional Labour, and the Lived Experience of Returning to Work after a Bereavement
Authors: Pitimson Natalie
Published: September 2020

The lived experience of returning to work after a bereavement remains relatively under researched. Within sociology, the notion of emotional labour has been explored at length, but the place and experience of grief in the workplace is less well understood. This research, framed by Hochschild’s work on feeling rules, focuses on professional individuals working in UK companies who agreed to discuss their experiences of returning to work after a bereavement, in terms of dealing with their own emotions and those of their colleagues, as well as navigating company policy in the area of compassionate leave. Qualitative data from seven semi-structured interviews were analysed, exposing key common emotional and experiential themes, particularly regarding disenfranchised grief, comfort in the familiarity of the work environment, and the impact of silent or awkward responses from colleagues. The emergent themes from the data were used to address the research objective of examining the relationship between grief, emotional labour, and the lived experience of returning to work after a bereavement.
Terms of inclusion: Data, discourse, violence
Authors: Hoffmann Anna Lauren
Published: September 2020

Inclusion has emerged as an early cornerstone value for the emerging domain of “data ethics.” On the surface, appeals to inclusion appear to address the threat that biased data technologies making decisions or misrepresenting people in ways that reproduce longer standing patterns of oppression and violence. Far from a panacea for the threats of pervasive data collection and surveillance, however, these emerging discourses of inclusion merit critical consideration. Here, I use the lens of discursive violence to better theorize the relationship between inclusion and the violent potentials of data science and technology. In doing so, I aim to articulate the problematic and often perverse power relationships implicit in ideals of “inclusion” broadly, which—if not accompanied by dramatic upheavals in existing hierarchical power structures—too often work to diffuse the radical potential of difference and normalize otherwise oppressive structural conditions.
Liminality revisited: Mapping the emotional adaptations of women in carceral space
Authors: Jewkes Yvonne , Laws Ben
Published: September 2020

This article draws on interview data with women in two prisons in the UK to understand the emotionally nuanced and sensorially attuned relationship between confined individuals and carceral space. The article presents an ‘emotional map’ comprising: (i) living or ‘being’ spaces; (ii) free places; and (iii) ‘therapeutic spaces’ in prisons.This tri-spatial thematic analysis enables us to use Victor Turner’s concepts of ‘liminality’ and ‘communitas’ to uncover the complex, contradictory and sometimes transient emotions that permeate spaces in prison. This in turn allows us to explore the particular challenges that accompany transitional periods of adjustment to prison life, the environmental constraints that women in prison live with and navigate, and the careful ‘spatial selection’ strategies they implement in order to seek or avoid particular emotional states.
Two-Level Factorial Pre-TomoBreast Pilot Study of Tomotherapy and Conventional Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer: Post Hoc Utility of a Mean Absolute Dose Deviation Penalty Score
Authors: Heymann Steve , Dipasquale Giovanna , Nguyen Nam P. , San Meymey , Gorobets Olena , Leduc Nicolas , Verellen Dirk , Storme Guy , Van Parijs Hilde , De Ridder Mark , Vinh-Hung Vincent
Published: September 2020

Background:

A 2-level factorial pilot study was conducted in 2007 just before starting a randomized clinical trial comparing tomotherapy and conventional radiotherapy (CR) to reduce cardiac and pulmonary adverse effects in breast cancer, considering tumor laterality (left/right), target volume (with/without nodal irradiation), surgery (tumorectomy/mastectomy), and patient position (prone/supine). The study was revisited using a penalty score based on the recently developed mean absolute dose deviation (MADD).

Methods:

Eight patients with a unique combination of laterality, nodal coverage, and surgery underwent dual tomotherapy and CR treatment planning in both prone and supine positions, providing 32 distinct combinations. The penalty score was applied using the weighted sum of the MADDs. The Lenth method for unreplicated 2-level factorial design was used in the analysis.

Results:

The Lenth analysis identified nodal irradiation as the active main effect penalizing the dosimetry by 1.14 Gy (P = 0.001). Other significant effects were left laterality (0.94 Gy), mastectomy (0.61 Gy), and interactions between left mastectomy (0.89 Gy) and prone mastectomy (0.71 Gy), with P-values between 0.005 and 0.05. Tomotherapy provided a small reduction in penalty (reduction of 0.54 Gy) through interaction with nodal irradiation (P = 0.080). Some effects approached significance with P-values > 0.05 and ≤ 0.10 for interactions of prone × mastectomy × left (0.60 Gy), nodal irradiation × mastectomy (0.59 Gy), and prone × left (0.55 Gy) and the main effect prone (0.52 Gy).

Conclusions:

The historical dosimetric analysis previously revealed the feasibility of tomotherapy, but a conclusion could not be made. The MADD-based score is promising, and a new analysis highlights the impact of factors and hierarchy of priorities that need to be addressed if major gains are to be attained.
Comparison of Ultrasonography and CT for Determining the Preoperative Benign or Malignant Nature of Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Performance According to Calcification
Authors: Wu Jian-Hui , Zeng Wei , Wu Ren-Guo , Wang Mei , Ye Fei , Fu Min-Yi
Published: September 2020

Background:

The present study was designed to investigate the presence or absence of calcification and whether calcification size affect the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in predicting the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules.

Material and Methods:

From May 2014 to April 2019, 445 patients underwent thyroid US and neck CT before thyroid surgery. In each case, US and CT were retrospectively examined by radiologists. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to the type of calcification: no calcification, microcalcification, and macrocalcification. And macrocalcification group divided into rim calcifications and non-rim calcifications groups. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of US and CT for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules using histopathological results as a reference standard.

Results:

In the overall population, adding CT to US resulted in greater sensitivity, lower specificity, and lower accuracy in the prediction of the benign or malignant nature of nodules. In the group with no calcification, US had a significantly greater accuracy than CT and combined US/CT. In the group with macrocalcification, especially in rim calcifications, adding CT to US resulted in greater sensitivity than US, and CT exhibited greater sensitivity and accuracy than US.

Conclusion:

US is superior to CT for the prediction of the benign or malignant nature of nodules in thyroid lesions according to calcification and CT is also currently not recommended as a routine imaging tool for thyroid nodules. However, the superior sensitivity and accuracy of CT in lesions with macrocalcification especially in rim calcifications may enable CT to play a complementary role in identifying benign and malignant nodules.
Necrotizing Fasciitis: Myalgia Is Diagnostic? A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Teelucksingh Sachin , Deonarine Vijai , Islam Shariful , O’Cawich Shamir , Harnanan Dave , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: September 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis, commonly known as “flesh-eating disease,” is an aggressive soft tissue infection that destroys the fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. Specific clinical features (crepitus or radiologic features of gas in tissues) either appear late or are of poor sensitivity. Thus, a high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and prompt treatment, which are the best methods of minimizing its high associated morbidity and mortality. We present 3 cases to demonstrate diagnostic difficulties and challenges in management and highlight the feature of pain on muscular activity.
Acute Routine Leukocyte and Neutrophil Counts Are Predictive of Poststroke Recovery at 3 and 12 Months Poststroke: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nguyen Vinh A. , Crewther Sheila G. , Howells David W. , Wijeratne Tissa , Ma Henry , Hankey Graeme J. , Davis Stephen , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Carey Leeanne M.
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims. White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts (NC) are common markers of inflammation and neurological stroke damage and could be expected to predict poststroke outcomes. Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of early poststroke WBC and NC to predict cognition, mood, and disability outcomes at 3 and 12 months poststroke. Methods. Routine clinical analyses WBC and NC were collected at 3 time points in the first 4 days of hospitalization from 156 acute stroke patients. Correlations using hierarchical or ordinal regressions were explored between acute WBC and NC and functional recovery, depression, and cognition at 3 and 12 months poststroke, after covarying for age and baseline stroke severity. Results. We found significant increases in NC between <12 hours and 24 to 48 hours time points ( P = .05). Hierarchical regressions, covaried for age and baseline stroke severity, found that 24 to 48 hours WBC ( P = .05) and NC ( P = .04) significantly predicted 3-month cognition scores. Similarly, 24 to 48 hours WBC ( P = .05) and NC ( P = .02) predicted cognition scores at 12 months. Increases in WBC and NC were predictive of increased cognition scores at both 3 and 12 months (positive recovery) though there were no significant associations between WBC and NC and disability or depression scores. Conclusions. Routine acute stroke clinical laboratory tests such as WBC and NC taken between 24 and 48 hours poststroke are predictive of cognition poststroke. It is interpreted that higher rapid immunological activation in the acute phase is an indicator for the trajectory of positive stroke recovery.
Interhemispheric Connectivity in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia and Spinocerebellar Ataxias: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Authors: Bocci Tommaso , Baloscio Davide , Ferrucci Roberta , Briscese Lucia , Priori Alberto , Sartucci Ferdinando
Published: September 2020

Background and Rationale

Hyperkinetic movement disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, different from a genetic and clinical perspective. In the past, neurophysiological approaches provided different, sometimes contradictory findings, pointing to an impaired cortical inhibition as a common electrophysiological marker. Our aim was to evaluate changes in interhemispheric communication in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs).

Materials and Methods

Eleven patients with ICD, 7 with genetically confirmed SCA2 or SCA3, and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The onset latency and duration of the ipsilateral silent period (iSPOL and iSPD, respectively), as well as the so-called transcallosal conduction time (TCT), were then recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis of the right side using an 8-shaped focal coil with wing diameters of 70 mm; all these parameters were evaluated and compared among groups. In SCAs, changes in neurophysiological measures were also correlated to the mutational load.

Results

iSPD was significantly shorter in patients with SCA2 and SCA3, when compared both to control and ICD ( P < .0001); iSPOL and TCT were prolonged in SCAs patients ( P < .001). Changes in iSPD, iSPOL, and TCT in SCAs are significantly correlated with the mutational load ( P = .01, P = .02, and P = .002, respectively).

Discussion

This is the first study to assess changes in interhemispheric communication in patients with SCAs and ICD, using a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol. Together with previous data in Huntington’s disease, we suggest that these changes may underlie, at least in part, a common disease mechanism of polyglutamine disorders.
Single-Incision Proximal Gastrectomy With Double-Flap Esophagogastrostomy Using Novel Laparoscopic Instruments
Authors: Kang So Hyun , Won Yongjoon , Lee Kanghaeng , Youn Sang Il , Min Sa-Hong , Park Young Suk , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Kim Hyung-Ho
Published: September 2020

Background. The optimal type of anastomosis after proximal gastrectomy (PG) is still controversial. A novel technique termed “double-flap” esophagogastrostomy (EG) has been introduced. The application of this technique after PG is reported to have little gastroesophageal reflux without the need of creating an esophagojejunostomy. However, this procedure is technically challenging and hence difficult to apply in laparoscopic PG. This technical report describes in detail how to perform single-incision proximal gastrectomy (SIPG) with double-flap EG with the use of novel laparoscopic instruments. Methods. Two patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer underwent SIPG. A 2.5 cm incision was made, and a scope holder was used in place of a scopist. After performing PG with D1+ lymphadenectomy, double seromuscular flaps were created on the anterior wall of the stomach. After tagging the esophagus to the inferior edge of the flap window, the stomach and esophagus were opened through electrocautery. EG was performed intracorporeally using continuous barbed sutures, and the flap is then secured to the anastomosis. To facilitate this procedure, an intra-abdominal organ retractor and an articulating needle holder were used. The supplementary video illustrates in detail how these devices are used to perform the technique. Results. Total operation times were 190 and 110 minutes each, and anastomosis took 75 and 46 minutes each. Patients had no complications and were both discharged on postoperative day 6. Conclusion. Double-flap PG is technically feasible through a single incision with the use of articulating laparoscopic devices and intra-abdominal organ retractors to assist in intracorporeal anastomosis.
Contemporary Reoperative Mitral Valve Surgery: Technical Considerations and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Fatehi Hassanabad Ali , Turcotte Michelle , Dennehy Christina , Kim Angela , Malaisrie S. Chris , Kent William D. T.
Published: September 2020

As patients with cardiac disease live longer, reoperative mitral valve surgery has become more common. Although these operations are technically challenging and of high risk, outcomes continue to improve. Minimally invasive techniques, better cardioprotective strategies, and advanced perioperative care have contributed to this. In this review, we discuss surgical approaches, intraoperative strategies, novel catheter-directed devices, and clinical outcomes of contemporary reoperative mitral valve surgery.
Contrasting the Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and HIV Infection in an Online Survey of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men During the U.S. COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Chavanduka Tanaka M. D. , Rosso Matthew T. , Sullivan Stephen P. , Pitter Renée A. , Hunter Alexis S. , Rogers Erin
Published: September 2020

While there is evidence of variations in the risk perceptions of COVID-19 and that they are linked to both engagement in health-protective behaviors and poor mental health outcomes, there has been a lack of attention to how individuals perceive the risk of COVID-19 relative to other infectious diseases. This paper examines the relative perceptions of the severity of COVID-19 and HIV among a sample of U.S. gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSMs). The “Love and Sex in the Time of COVID-19” survey was conducted online from April 2020 to May 2020. GBMSMs were recruited through paid banner advertisements featured on social networking platforms, resulting in a sample size of 696. The analysis considers differences in responses to two scales: the Perceived Severity of HIV Infection and the Perceived Severity of COVID-19 Infection. Participants perceived greater seriousness for HIV infection (mean 46.67, range 17–65) than for COVID-19 infection (mean 38.81, range 13–62). Some items reflecting more proximal impacts of infection (anxiety, loss of sleep, and impact on employment) were similar for HIV and COVID-19. Those aged over 25 and those who perceived higher prevalence of COVID-19 in the United States or their state were more likely to report COVID-19 as more severe than HIV. There is a need to develop nuanced public health messages for GBMSMs that convey the ongoing simultaneous health threats of both HIV and COVID-19.
Distal Radius Fractures in Diabetic Patients: An Analysis of Surgical Timing and Other Factors That Affect Complication Rate
Authors: Malige Ajith , Konopitski Andrew , Nwachuku Chinenye O. , Matullo Kristofer S.
Published: September 2020

Background

While not studied for distal radius fractures, the effect of surgical timing on complication rate has been extensively analyzed in the treatment of pilon fractures. The primary aim of this study was to identify any effect surgical timing has on postoperative complication rates after surgical fixation of distal radius fractures in diabetic patients.

Methods

All patients who underwent surgical fixation of distal radius fractures at a single suburban academic hospital between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. For each patient, demographics, comorbidities, injury details, fixation method, and postoperative complications were noted. The effect surgical delay, among other factors, had on complication rate in diabetic and nondiabetic patients was explored.

Results

Overall, 124 diabetic and 371 nondiabetic distal radius fractures were included. While diabetics had a statistically higher rate of total complications (21.0 vs. 13.5%, P = .045) but similar major complications requiring surgery ( P = .12), there was no difference in surgical delay between groups among patients who had total ( P = .31) or major ( P = .69) complications. Surgical timing was not a risk factor for total ( P = .50) or major complications ( P = .32) in diabetic fracture bivariate or multivariate analysis. Only younger age and higher energy injuries were significant risk factors for total complications in bivariate ( P = .02, P = .03) and multivariate ( P = .04, P < .05) analysis.

Conclusion

Complication rates after surgically stabilized distal radius fractures in diabetic patients are higher than in nondiabetic patients. However, this rate is not affected by surgical timing. Instead, surgeons should consider factors such as diabetic control in an effort to maximize outcomes and decrease complications.

Level of Evidence

Prognostic Level III
Teachers’ authentic leadership and psychological need satisfaction climate in second chance programmes: The moderating role of teachers’ gender
Authors: Berkovich Izhak , Gueta Batel
Published: September 2020

The present study explores the effect of teachers’ authentic leadership in second chance programmes on students’ psychological need satisfaction climate (according to self-determination theory), and the manner in which teachers’ gender moderates this effect. Data collected from 60 teachers and 183 students in second chance programmes in Israel were analysed at the group level. The study found that for male teachers, authentic leadership negatively predicted psychological need satisfaction climate in the classroom. The implications of findings for authentic leadership in general and for teaching in second chance programmes are discussed.
‘Zooming in’ on the antecedents of youth sport coaches’ autonomy-supportive and controlling interpersonal behaviours: a multimethod study
Authors: Carroll Mark , Allen Justine
Published: September 2020

Grounded in self-determination theory and the motivational model of the coach-athlete relationship, the purpose of this study was to explore the antecedents of youth sport coaches’ autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviours using a multimethod approach. Recreational level youth swimming and football coaches (N = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews and were observed leading a coaching session. Interviews were thematically analysed and coaching sessions were analysed using the multidimensional motivational climate observation system. Analysis of the triangulated data revealed that the coaches were both autonomy-supportive and controlling in their interactions with athletes, but predominantly autonomy-supportive. Coaches reported that they coached in this way due to factors associated with their personal orientation (significant others’ influence, learning experiences, and beliefs about the role of the coach), the coaching context (time pressure), and perceptions of athletes’ characteristics (readiness for autonomy, gender, and quality of motivation). The findings are discussed in relation to personal and social processes that may determine coaching behaviours, and suggestions for coach development and future research are noted.
Advertising nationalism: Commemorating the liberation war in Bangladeshi print advertisements
Authors: Shehreen Islam Kajalie
Published: September 2020

This article explores the role of the media as a discursive tool in the commemoration of Bangladesh’s war of liberation. The author critically engages with the notion of mediated memory in the foreground of corporate nationalism. Through a discourse analysis of print advertisements published in Bangladeshi newspapers on the country’s Independence and Victory Days over five decades, she traces the use of nationalism in advertising discourse and the shift from a development-oriented approach to corporate nationalism, with the underlying theme of glorification of war. The study found that nationalistic-based discourse is a key theme of Bangladeshi advertisements published on its days of national significance – history and its heroes, symbols and images, poetry and song, are all used to invoke a banal nationalism. These discursive constructions depend largely on the political context but, as long as the political line is adhered to, advertisers are free to use nationalistic discourse to promote their brands, products and services.
Afterword: Memory worlds in times of Corona
Authors: Erll Astrid
Published: September 2020

This afterword addresses the complex temporal and global dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic. After considering some of the new social rhythms that have emerged in the wake of Covid-19 around the world, it turns to the role of collective memory before, during and after corona. The aim is to provide a basic grid for how the Covid-19 pandemic could be addressed using memory studies expertise and concepts such as premediation, memorability, memory (ab)use, national memory, colonial memory, racial stereotypes, the digital archive, generational memory, or Anthropocene time.
Intellectual disability and ageing
Authors: Vincent Maria
Published: September 2020

As people with intellectual disability are now living to a greater age, promoting and maintaining health, recognising disease and co-ordinating pathways of patient care, become increasingly important. The GP needs to understand problems associated with increased longevity in this complex patient group and to know how to support ageing patients. This article will provide background knowledge, advice and resources to better understand common age-related problems in people with intellectual disability and to support patients and their families in managing these issues.
Aspirin potentiates celecoxib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer by targeting GRP78 activity
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Chen Jia , Cheng Cheng , Li Ping , Cai Fangfang , Xu Huangru , Lu Yanyan , Cao Nini , Liu Jia , Wang Jigang , Hua Zi-Chun , Zhuang Hongqin
Published: September 2020

Background:

Aspirin has recently emerged as an anticancer drug, but its therapeutic effect on lung cancer has been rarely reported, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. Long-term use of celecoxib in large doses causes serious side effects, and it is necessary to explore better ways to achieve curative effects. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic anticancer effects of celecoxib and aspirin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Methods:

In vitro, we evaluated the combined effects of celecoxib (40 μM) and aspirin (8 mM) on cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation, cell migration and signaling pathways. Furthermore, the effect of aspirin (100 mg/kg body weight) and celecoxib (50 mg/kg body weight) on the growth of xenograft tumors was explored in vivo.

Results:

Our data suggest that cancer sensitivity to combined therapy using low concentrations of celecoxib and aspirin was higher than that of celecoxib or aspirin alone. Further research showed that the anti-tumor effect of celecoxib combined with aspirin was mainly produced by activating caspase-9/caspase-3, arresting cell cycle and inhibiting the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, celecoxib alone or in combination with aspirin inhibited the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by inhibiting MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity levels. Moreover, we identified GRP78 as a target protein of aspirin in NSCLC cells. Aspirin induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response by inhibiting GRP78 activity. Furthermore, combination therapy also exhibited a better inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions:

Our study provides a rationale for further detailed preclinical and potential clinical studies of the combination of celecoxib and aspirin for NSCLC therapy.
Effects of Various Processing Parameters on Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activities of Codonopsis javanica Root Extract
Authors: Pham Tri Nhut , Nguyen Van Thuy , Toan Tran Quoc , Cang Mai Huynh , Bach Long Giang , Van Muoi Nguyen
Published: September 2020

The root of a ginseng-like plant named Codonopsis javanica is a valuable ingredient in folk medicine with diverse biological properties and has been used in treatments for various diseases, including leukemia, inflammation, and hepatitis. This study aimed to optimize various parameters related to the extraction process of C. javanica root (CJR) with respect to total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of the obtained CJR extract. We first performed a series of single-factor investigations taking drying conditions and different extraction parameters such as material size, extraction solvent, solvent concentration, extraction temperature, material/solvent ratio, extraction cycle, and stirring speed as varying factors. Then, a response surface methodology procedure was adopted with a central composite design to optimize further the extraction process in order to maximize the TPC. We found that the use of convection drying at 70 °C for 8 hours gave the extract with the highest TPC and antioxidant activities. Optimal extraction parameters were found as follows: ethanol with a concentration of 56.0% as the solvent, material-to-solvent ratio of 1/38.0 g/mL, extraction time of 67.2 minutes, material size ≤0.5 mm, temperature 60 °C, through 1 extraction cycle, and with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value for TPC was 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), which is reasonably close to the value predicted by the model (2.8 mg GAE/g DW). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radical tests of the CJR extract obtained under optimal conditions were 1042.3 and 299.0 µg/mL, respectively.
Touch Versus Tech in Service Encounters
Authors: Fan Alei , Mattila Anna S.
Published: September 2020

The emergence of various service technologies has reshaped how today’s customers interact with the service provider. The current research proposes a service matrix delineating various types of service encounters along two dimensions: touch (the extent to which customers directly interact with frontline employees) and tech (the intensity of technology use). Furthermore, we investigate the moderating role of relationship type (i.e., communal vs. exchange) in influencing customer evaluations of touch and tech type encounters and further identify the underlying mechanism. The results from the two empirical studies demonstrate the moderating effect of the communal relationship norms and the consequent mediation effect of warmth. This research lays the foundation for the future investigation of different service encounter management practices based on various levels of human factors and technology infusion. For service companies, our findings about the interplay of service encounter types and customer–company relationships will help them to better understand their customers and consequently provide an optimal level of service.
Evaluation of the Prognosis of the Teeth in the Mandibular Fracture Line
Authors: Hosgor Hatice , Coskunses Fatih Mehmet , Akin Deniz
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of the teeth in the mandibular fracture line and to analyze the relationship between the degree of displacement of fracture fragments, the relationship of the fracture line to the periodontium, and the relationship between the condition of the teeth at the first postoperative (post-op) year.

Methods:

A total of 60 teeth from 38 patients (11 female and 27 male) who had erupted teeth in the line of mandibular fracture and were treated with open reduction were examined. The data were collected from the patients’ clinical records and radiographs. Age at the time of injury, gender, cause of trauma, site of fracture, the relationship of the fracture line to the periodontium, the degree of displacement of fracture fragments, and the condition of the teeth in the line of the fracture at the first post-op year were evaluated.

Results:

The degree of displacement of fracture fragments had an effect on the condition of the teeth at the first post-op year ( P = .036) and the regions of the mandible had an effect on the degree of displacement of the fracture fragments ( P = .000). The survival rate of the pulp of the teeth was 69.8%.

Conclusions:

A preventive approach should be preferred for teeth in the mandibular fracture line. Retained teeth in the fracture line should be monitored clinically and radiologically for at least 1 year, and unnecessary endodontic treatments should be avoided.
Does Implant Selection Affect the Inpatient Cost of Care for Geriatric Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures?
Authors: Casnovsky Lauren , Blaschke Breanna L , Parikh Harsh R , Flagstad Ilexa , Wise Kelsey , McMilan Logan J , Gorman Tiffany , Okelana A. Bandele , Horst Patrick , Cunningham Brian P
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Geriatric intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures are a common and costly injury, expected to increase in incidence as the population ages. Understanding cost drivers will be essential for risk adjustments, and the surgeon’s choice of implant may be an opportunity to reduce the overall cost of care. This study was purposed to identify the relationship between implant type and inpatient cost of care for isolated geriatric IT fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective review of IT fractures from 2013-2017 was performed at an academic level I trauma center. Construct type and AO/OTA fracture classifications were obtained radiographically, and patient variables were collected via the electronic medical record (EMR). The total cost of care was obtained via time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC). Multivariable linear regression and goodness-of-fit analyses were used to determine correlation between implant costs, inpatient cost of care, construct type, patient characteristics, and injury characteristics.

Results:

Implant costs ranged from $765.17 to $5,045.62, averaging $2,699, and were highest among OTA 31-A3 fracture patterns (p < 0.01). Implant cost had a positive linear association with overall inpatient cost of care (p < 0.01), but remained highly variable (r2 = 0.16). Total cost of care ranged from $9,129.18 to $64,210.70, averaging $19,822, and patients receiving a sliding hip screw (SHS) had the lowest mean total cost of care at $17,077, followed by short and long intramedullary nails ($19,314 and $21,372, respectively). When construct type and fracture pattern were compared to total cost, 31-A1 fracture pattern treated with SHS had significantly lower cost than 31-A2 and 31-A3 and less variation in cost.

Conclusion:

The cost of care for IT fractures is poorly understood and difficult to determine. With alternative payment models on the horizon, implant selection should be utilized as an opportunity to decrease costs and increase the value of care provided to patients.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV.
Study on oral hygiene by nanobubbles from high-density nozzle
Authors: Lin Pei-Ju
Published: September 2020

An experiment was performed on oral bacteria removal using the design variables, which included the three-segment rotor speed of the testing device and three types of stainless steel meshes (with different layers). The overall hygienic results showed an effect of up to 95% bacteria removal, and some combinations had 100% hygienic effect. The study proposed that the use of nanobubble generated by a high-density stainless-steel mesh-manufactured nozzle removes dental bacteria. In addition, the device could also be used for auxiliary oral hygiene to decrease the frequency of future medical visits due to periodontal diseases or to enable the device to assist patients with severe periodontal disease more conveniently for oral hygiene.
Clinical and Structural Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Lingdi , Zhang Jun , Ruan Dengfeng , Zhao Kun , Chen Xiao , Shen Weiliang
Published: September 2020

Background:

The impact of diabetes on clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair remains controversial.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and retear rates after rotator cuff repair in patients with and without diabetes. Our hypotheses were that adequate control of diabetes would decrease the retear rate after rotator cuff repair and that patients with diabetes would have worse clinical outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing outcomes in patients with and without diabetes after full-thickness rotator cuff repair. Clinical outcome analysis included the Constant score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the University of California–Los Angeles shoulder rating scale; we compared preoperative, postoperative, and change in functional scores from baseline to final follow-up among the included studies. The pooled relative risk was calculated using a random-effects model for retear rates. Clinical outcomes were also pooled using a random-effects model.

Results:

Overall, 10 studies were included. Compared with patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had a worse preoperative ASES score ( P = .009) as well as worse postoperative Constant score (final follow-up range, 9-103 months; P = .0003). However, there was no significant difference in the absolute mean change in clinical outcomes between patients with and without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with a higher retear rate (19.3% in patients without diabetes vs 28.2% in patients with diabetes; P < .0001). The retear rate according to the severity of sustained hyperglycemia in the subgroup analysis was 14.6% in patients without diabetes, versus 22.7% in patients with well-controlled diabetes (<7.0% of preoperative serum HbA1c level; P = .12) and 40.0% in patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c level ≥7.0%; P < .00001).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis suggests that diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of retears after rotator cuff repair, and improved blood glucose control may reduce the risk of retears in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although effective glycemic control was associated with a decreased risk of retears in patients with diabetes, we could not prove causation because of potential bias and confounding in the included studies.
Whose Lives Matter? Race, Space, and the Devaluation of Homicide Victims in Minority Communities
Authors: White Kailey , Stuart Forrest , Morrissey Shannon L.
Published: September 2020

The recurring, horrific deaths of minority residents at the hands of police officers and vigilantes have led social movements and international protests to amplify the charge that whereas the loss of White lives is seen as tragic, the loss of Black and Hispanic lives is treated as normal, acceptable, and even inevitable. Building on and advancing theories of “color-blind racism,” the authors examine the process by which the news media uphold and reify the devaluation of Black and Hispanic lives through ostensibly race-neutral language, story lines, and cultural narratives. Drawing on an original data set containing all news articles ( n = 2,245) written about every homicide victim ( n = 762) in Chicago, Illinois, during 2016, the authors use multilevel models to assess the extent to which victims’ race and neighborhood racial composition are associated with the level of attention, or “newsworthiness,” devoted to their deaths. Using two measures of newsworthiness—the amount of coverage and recognition of “complex personhood”—the authors find that victims killed in predominantly Black neighborhoods receive less news coverage than those killed in non-Hispanic White neighborhoods. Those killed in predominantly Black or Hispanic neighborhoods are also less likely to be discussed as multifaceted, complex people. Our analyses underscore the importance of place, especially the racialization of place, in determining which victims are treated as newsworthy. These findings carry important implications for understanding and addressing color-blind racism, news-reporting practices, and territorial stigma in the reproduction of racist ideologies.