bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Poem as Icon
Authors: Freeman Margaret H.
Published: April 2020

Not all poetry achieves the status of becoming an icon, nor is it necessarily a poet’s intent. Inevitably, however, the question arises as to whether such iconicity indicates one way of evaluating poetry that lasts. In a case study of two poems on the same theme, I show how only one becomes an icon in my sense of the term. I then revisit the question of iconic motivation by briefly exploring our human propensity for finding aesthetic coherence between ourselves and the external world through our cognitive faculties of imagination and reason. Wallace Stevens’s poetics constitutes a revelation of his theory that the aim of poetry is to enact an iconic semblance of the felt but hidden reality of being, exemplified throughout his poetic corpus and culminating in his poem “The Rock.” The chapter concludes with a brief example of the transformative power of the icon for both poet and respondent.
Aesthetic Cognition
Authors: Freeman Margaret H.
Published: April 2020

This chapter places poetic iconicity within the broader context of aesthetics. The history of aesthetics has developed several diverse meanings over time and in different disciplines. The chapter therefore redefines the aesthetic faculty as basic to both the sciences and the arts. It involves purpose, intension, function, and value that leads to empathy and ethical judgment of human behavior and activity. Earlier chapters approached poetic iconicity mainly from the perspective of the poet’s motivations and intensions. This chapter shows how poetic iconicity can establish one means by which poetry can be aesthetically read and evaluated. After introducing what appear to be misreadings of a Matthew Arnold poem that do not take into account Arnold’s aesthetic principles as evidenced in it, the chapter shows that his poem “Dover Beach” is a meditation on the aesthetic faculty in creating a poem as an icon of the felt being of reality.
Exploring Shipwreck Data
Authors: Leidwanger Justin
Published: April 2020

This chapter applies the proposed methodology to the working dataset of 67 wrecks. Varied quantitative analyses serve to contextualize spatial and diachronic trends in the study area against the broad backdrop of the east and Mediterranean as a whole. Two discrete peaks of activity provide the basis for constructing comparative Social Network Analysis visualizations of Roman and Late Antique connections within and among the geographical areas represented by cargos. The analytical tools of Geographic Information Systems, together with environmental parameters and seafaring capabilities, allow these network links to be grounded spatially using likely sailing times; such journey lengths reflect the “costs”—and therefore the potential regularity and investment—represented by these connections.
Ports and Everyday Economies
Authors: Leidwanger Justin
Published: April 2020

This chapter turns from shipwrecks to the comparative evidence provided by Roman and Late Antique ports. Discussion focuses first on the methodological challenges associated with modeling the full range of port-based activities and facilities from complex built protective structures down to the least conspicuous sandy beaches. Two case studies illustrate the extended world of maritime networks: a series of sites around the Datça peninsula in southwest Turkey and another along the south-central coast of Cyprus. Together, these views allow examination of the diversity and distribution of ports in the local material record as well as the likely roles these spaces played in networks and rhythms of economic activity throughout their hinterlands.
Introduction
Authors: Haberman David L.
Published: April 2020

The Introduction provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book explores the conceptions and worship of Mount Govardhan and its many stones. Mount Govardhan is a well-known sacred hill located in northern India and one of the most prominent features of Braj, a cultural region associated with the popular and playful Hindu deity Krishna. While describing and examining some of the principal characteristics of the worship of Mount Govardhan, this book aims to reflect on the gap that exists between the sense of reality one experiences every day while living near the sacred hill and the dominant reality experienced in everyday life in the United States, which fosters a portrayal of such worship as absurd, or even worse. The radical difference that exists between these two views creates a fruitful space for thinking about larger, more general issues encountered in the academic study of religion.
On the Slopes of Mount Govardhan
Authors: Haberman David L.
Published: April 2020

This chapter introduces some of the foundational stories related to Mount Govardhan and describes the physical features of the mountain as well as the sacred terrain that surrounds it. For instance, the story of the origin of Mount Govardhan, as told in the Garga Samhita, is a narrative widely known by worshipers of this sacred mountain and central to many theological conceptualizations of its deeper meanings. Perhaps most significant for the latter initiative is that Govardhan consists of the consolidated form of supreme love that emerged out of the bliss-filled hearts of the divine couple Radha and Krishna. There are also stories on how Mount Govardhan came to be situated in Braj. They are narrated in texts and recounted by numerous knowledgeable people residing near the sacred mountain today.
Drawing Personality Out of a Stone
Authors: Haberman David L.
Published: April 2020

This chapter focuses on interaction with particular individual stones from Mount Govardhan and the anthropomorphic techniques employed to establish and develop close relationships with these divine forms. It includes a re-evaluation of the nature and function of anthropomorphism in general, something that until quite recently has been regarded with much suspicion within many academic disciplines. Many people who live near the mountain have a home shrine accommodating a Govardhan stone, when they could simply worship the mountain directly. For many, one of the advantages of worshiping an individual stone in their homes is convenience, especially for women often confined to the home throughout the day with household chores and activities. A stone in the home also provides rich opportunity for the loving hands-on activities that generate and nurture a close relationship with the mountain through this particular stone.
The Widening and Narrowing of Egypt’s Civic Space
Authors: Herrold Catherine E.
Published: April 2020

Chapter 2 begins in the wake of Hosni Mubarak’s overthrow when Egyptian citizens expressed a newfound desire to participate in bringing freedom and democracy to the country. It goes on to show how Egyptian NGOs and foundations perceived an opportunity to play an important role in harnessing that energy and involving activists in organized activities related to democratic political reform. Yet by late 2011, Egypt’s transitional government began to crack down on the NGO sector even more harshly than the Mubarak regime had. In addition, Egypt’s economy declined precipitously. Chapter 2 lays out the opportunities and challenges that the 2011 uprisings created for Egyptian civil society organizations and briefly describes how two sets of donors—Western aid organizations and Egyptian philanthropic foundations—responded in the months following Mubarak’s removal.
The West’s Democracy Promotion Playbook
Authors: Herrold Catherine E.
Published: April 2020

Chapter 3 outlines the West’s democracy promotion playbook and presents its promise and perils. It shows how democracy aid has been criticized by both scholars and leaders of Egyptian NGOs for failing to effectively confront dictators or to resonate with local populations in its focus on reforming procedures and institutions and technical outputs. But local foundations typically have fewer resources than their Western counterparts and may be constrained by government control and co-optation. So democracy aid often provides crucial funding for organizations that otherwise have limited sources of cash. This chapter introduces a range of perspectives on the strengths and weaknesses of the West’s democracy promotion strategies.
Political Opportunities for Participation and China’s Leadership Transition
Authors: Fu Diana , Distelhorst Greg
Published: April 2020

How does China manage political participation? This chapter analyzes changing opportunities for participation in the leadership transition from Hu Jintao to Xi Jinping. Contentious political participation—where individuals and independent organizations engage in protest and other disruptive behavior—has been further curtailed under Xi’s leadership. Yet institutional participation by ordinary citizens through quasi-democratic institutions appears unaffected and is even trending up in certain sectors. Manipulation of the political opportunity structure is likely strategic behavior on the part of authoritarian rulers, as they seek to incorporate or appease the discontented. The political opportunity structure in non-democracies is therefore multifaceted: one channel of participation can close as others expand.
Diffusion-Proofing
Authors: Koesel Karrie J. , Bunce Valerie J.
Published: April 2020

Do authoritarian leaders take preemptive actions to deter their citizens from joining cross-national waves of popular mobilizations against authoritarian rulers? Are they more likely to engage in such behavior when these uprisings appear to be more threatening—in particular, when they take place in neighboring countries and in regimes that resemble their own? This chapter provides answers to these questions by comparing the responses of the Russian and Chinese leaderships to two such waves: the color revolutions and the Arab uprisings. It concludes that despite differences in the ostensible threats posed by these two waves, they nonetheless prompted the leaders of both of these countries to introduce similar preemptive measures in order to “diffusion-proof” their rule against the color revolutions and the Arab upheavals. These findings have some important implications for an understanding of authoritarian politics and diffusion processes. One is to reinforce the emphasis in many recent studies on the strategic foundations of authoritarian resilience. That recognized, however, this chapter adds that the authoritarian tool kit needs to be expanded to include policies that preempt international threats as well as domestic ones. The other is to provide further confirmation, in this case derived from the behavior of authoritarian rulers, of how scholars have understood the drivers of cross-national diffusion. At the same time, however, students of diffusion should pay more attention to the role of resisters, as well as to adopters. In this sense, the geographical reach of diffusion is much broader than many analysts have recognized
International Legal Framework in Prohibition of Torture and Custodial Violence
Authors: Aston Joshua N.
Published: April 2020

The focus of this chapter is on the various international legal frameworks and regional instruments, which include all major international conventions and regional organizations that work towards preventing any kind of torture and violations of the human rights of individuals, including people in detention. The chapter looks at the provisions of these international legal frameworks in preventing torture of those under detention or accused of any offence and upholding their rights as per law. It provides a detailed overview of various conventions that have been enforced to prevent torture and enforced detention in any form across the world.
Narco-analysis
Authors: Aston Joshua N.
Published: April 2020

This chapter mainly focuses on the use of narco-analysis tests on accused/suspects during the investigation and its legality in the country. Although tests like narco-analysis do not have any legal validity, as the responses or confessions from a semi-conscious person are not admissible in court, these tests are still undertaken by the police during investigations. The tests are not 100 per cent accurate. The chapter discusses about the process of the narco-analysis test and discusses its legality under the provisions of the Constitution of India and various other legislations enforced in India, such as the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Further, it critically assesses the narco-analysis test in terms of its adverse effects on one’s health, the accuracy of the test, violation of rights, and mental torture. The narco-analysis test may be a useful and viable tool for investigation and to find information in a potential case rather than using third-degree or custodial violence by the police, but it should also not violate the right of the accused as guaranteed by the Constitution.
Police in India
Authors: Aston Joshua N.
Published: April 2020

The chapter deals with the organizational structure of the Indian police force as per the provisions laid down in the Indian Police Act, 1861. It discusses in detail about the structure and hierarchy of the police system in every state and metropolitan city. The chapter also highlights the major functions of the police in maintaining law and order in states/cities. The chapter further delves into various other acts and their amendments, which govern the Indian police system and other security agencies.
Response of India towards Torture and Custodial Violence
Authors: Aston Joshua N.
Published: April 2020

The chapter deals with the legal framework in India against torture and custodial violence and the response and role of the Indian police force in such crimes. It also gives statistical data on violence taking place in the country at the hands of the police and armed forces. It provides a summary of the report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on arbitrary and extra-judicial executions. The chapter also discusses the right to protection against torture and the views and verdicts of the Supreme Court of India, and highlights the role of statutory bodies and commissions such as the Law Commission of India and the National Police Commission in preventing torture and custodial violence. Therefore, this chapter has reference to several laws of the country and the Constitution of India and its provisions, and it cites some cases and Supreme Court rulings for preventing torture and custodial violence, which provides India’s response towards the prevention of torture and custodial violence and protecting victims as well as every citizen from such crimes.
Introduction: “Everybody knows about Mississippi goddam”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K.
Published: April 2020

The introduction offers an overview of the shootings of May 15, 1970, and the effort by students to protect the evidence and memory of what happened. An HBCU in the most racially repressive state, Jackson State College opened in the midst of the counterrevolution against Reconstruction and was determined to provide a first-rate education. The school struggled against white supremacy from the beginning. Activism following World War Two, the Brown decision, and the civil rights movement produced an epic backlash, including violence against activists, leading to the growing dominance of Black Power as an organizing philosophy. Activism on campus had long been repressed by the administration, acting on behalf of the all-white Board of Trustees, but by the end of the decade the campus was changing, influenced by Black Power and a new president, and opportunities to grow and express racial consciousness emerged. It was this campus law enforcement assaulted.
“Wake up brothers and sisters”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K.
Published: April 2020

Chapter 2 explores the convergence of forces that led to the 1970 shootings at Jackson State, beginning with the shooting of local activist Benjamin Brown in 1967 and then the tensions between conservatism and reform on campus from 1967 to 1970. Even as a new racial consciousness emerged on the campus after the ascension of John Peoples to the presidency, Jackson State remained largely isolated from the growing antiwar and student activism on campuses nationwide. Civil rights gains, student activism, the antiwar movement, urban rebellions, and the growing appeal of Black Power, though, had produced near-hysteria among white Mississippians and a broader backlash in white communities nationwide, a mood President Richard Nixon tapped into with his Southern Strategy and his deployment of racially veiled law and order rhetoric. In such a context, law enforcement in Jackson felt empowered to answer even limited unrest on the campus with force.
Conclusion: “It was not a story to pass on”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K.
Published: April 2020

The May 1970 shootings at Jackson State had an enduring impact for many of its victims. Many dedicated themselves to fighting the racism that had killed James Earl Green and Phillip Gibbs. others ensured the story would not be forgotten. For some the injuries and trauma were long-lasting. Their tragic experiences were not unique, but part of a long history of state violence against communities of color, a history routinely absent from most white Americans’ educations and consciousness. Ongoing state violence against people of color—both police shootings and the growth of the largest prison system in the world—has required evading the history of white supremacist violence and an ongoing embrace of the law and order narrative. The conclusion illustrates how the role of race in the shootings at Jackson State provides context for understanding more recent police shootings and the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement.
Propertius
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson
Published: April 2020

While Augustus in Propertius stands for Roman military power, Jupiter’s additional association with sex makes him a far more complex figure. The erotic rivalry between Jupiter and Propertius throughout book 2, the lovesickness book, would devolve into even greater absurdity if Jupiter were metonymy for Augustus. Whether or not Augustus is on his way to becoming a “Jupiter figure,” the four poems in which he and the god are juxtaposed make clear the increasing concentration of power in the hands of one man. In book 2, Jupiter’s unsung Gigantomachy, followed immediately by Augustus’s unsung Aeneid, creates a connection; the inability of either Jupiter or Caesar to separate devoted lovers strengthens it. Book 3 floats the idea—playfully, one hopes—of an opposition between the chief man and the chief god, as the poet claims that Rome should not fear even Jupiter while Augustus is safe. By book 4, Jupiter has been further upstaged by Augustus, merely sitting in the audience while Caesar’s victory at Actium is sung. On the other hand, the rise and fall of Jupiter the Lover throughout Propertius’s poems does tell us something about the changing mores of Augustan Rome. The absence of this figure from book 4, and his replacement with the censorious persona who refuses to “suffer” Tarpeia’s love-wounds, may reflect the moral climate that Augustus’s marriage and adultery legislation sought to foster. Yet like the revenant Cynthia of 4.8, combining Juno’s wrath with Jupiter’s might, amor cannot really be killed.
Ovid
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson
Published: April 2020

In the beginning, Ovid’s depiction of Jupiter accords with the usual elegiac fare. There is a certain amount of rivalry, as Ovid fears Jupiter might steal his girl; some flippant one-upmanship, as Ovid drops Jupiter-cum-thunderbolt when his girlfriend locks her door; copious irony, as the praeceptor Amoris instructs his pupils to imitate Jupiter in perjuring themselves. Ovid particularly enjoys “correcting” his predecessor Propertius on certain points of Jovian theology. The great works written close to the time of Ovid’s exile add a bitter edge to this playfulness, revisiting elegiac scenarios with a dramatic shift in focalization. Jupiter’s rapes and the suffering they cause are a leitmotif of Ovid’s epic Metamorphoses. In the Fasti, Jupiter is subjected to complex manipulation, instructed, diminished, and reframed according to the poet’s wish-fulfilling fantasies. As Augustus transformed the Roman experience of time by modifying the calendar, so Ovid seizes control of the discourse by shaping the calendar to his own poetic ends. When the thunderbolt strikes, banishing him to the Black Sea, Ovid creates a Jovian/Augustan mythology all his own. Like the Metamorphoses and Fasti, the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto show two possibilities for Jupiter, yet the Tristia’s impression of the cruelly wrathful Thunderer predominates over the Ex Ponto’s possibility of revivifying rain. Most importantly, by figuring himself as the heroes and—especially—heroines persecuted by the autocratic ruler of the Olympian pantheon, Ovid defines his poetry and his very self as a work of artistically fruitful, politically hopeless opposition to the new “Jupiter.”
Introduction
Authors: Palomino Pablo
Published: April 2020

This introductory chapter describes the contribution of the book to key historiographic and intellectual approaches to music and Latin American history. It locates historically and conceptually the emergence of the category of Latin American music within the history of the idea of Latin America since the nineteenth century. It focuses on the emergence of a cultural definition of Latin America as a region and argues about the centrality of music in it. It is a conversation with many intellectual, political, and aesthetic histories of the region. It describes the main concepts utilized in the book—musical practices, transnationalism, modernity—and the overall content of each chapter.
People, Places, and Things
Authors: Kirk David S.
Published: April 2020

Chapter 7 describes the life history of Vernon, a middle-aged Black man with a history of crack addiction and four prior imprisonments. He moved to Houston in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and has successfully desisted from crime. In self-help, peer-group programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous, it is commonly stressed that to manage addiction it is necessary to avoid the “people, places, and things” associated with previous substance use. Doing so is easier said than done, given that a lack of income and limited housing opportunities often push individuals back to the same environments where they used drugs in the past. Vernon’s case adds validity to the notion that residential change can provide the foundation for true behavioral change for people with substance abuse problems by separating them from the people and places of their past and by fostering an alternate set of daily routines and situations.
Epilogue
Authors: Kirk David S.
Published: April 2020

The Epilogue takes the policy discussion a step further, describing an experimental demonstration project that uses housing subsidies to incentivize recently released prisoners to move to new cities. This demonstration project, which is called the Maryland Opportunities through Vouchers Experiment, or MOVE for short, was designed to determine if residential change, in this case induced through a real-world housing intervention, might yield the same reductions in recidivism that the moves from Hurricane Katrina produced. Thus, the book ends with a discussion of how the lessons of a unique but tragic natural experiment might be put to use to lower criminal recidivism. The Epilogue describes pilot results which suggest that residential relocation, along with stable housing, can yield significant reductions in the likelihood of criminal recidivism.
Duke’s Day and First Features 1929–1940
Authors: Whitehead Kevin
Published: April 2020

A survey and analysis of films taking jazz as a topic, from early talkies through the birth and development of the swing era. Such films include two innovative 1929 shorts by director Dudley Murphy, one featuring Bessie Smith and the other featuring Duke Ellington. Smith and Ellington play fictionalized versions of themselves. Paul Whiteman and Artie Shaw play their not-quite selves in feature films. Controversy over jazz in the African American community is explored in Broken Strings. Musicians “swing the classics” there and in another film. The 1937 feature Champagne Waltz includes an early instance of a stock jazz-film ending—a big New York concert that reconciles people and/or musical styles in conflict. That ending is tweaked by placing it at Carnegie Hall in 1938’s Alexander’s Ragtime Band. Other films are also discussed.
Origin Stories 1941–1947
Authors: Whitehead Kevin
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines 1940s jazz films that depict the early days of jazz and its spread from the African American community to white musicians and audiences. These films are placed in the context of early research into the music’s origins, and of the 1940s dixieland revival. Two films feature child prodigies. Parallels between the plots of 1942’s Syncopation and 1947’s New Orleans are highlighted, and the ways they depict the closing of New Orleans’ Storyville prostitution district are compared. The George Gershwin biopic Rhapsody in Blue erases the direct influence of African American musicians on Gershwin’s development as composer. The 1943 black musical Stormy Weather is briefly discussed, noting its portrayal of ragtime-to-jazz bandleader James Reese Europe.
The Jazz Musician (and Fan) as Character 1951–1961
Authors: Whitehead Kevin
Published: April 2020

Characters who play or love jazz turn up in many films that aren’t about jazz itself. Hollywood loves the colorfully seedy milieu, and all that feeling jazz folk put into the music. In the 1950s, jazz folk turn up all over: in film noir, musical, sex comedy, cartoon, social-issue “problem picture,” and on TV. A representative sampling is discussed. Also, the 1950s saw the emergence of rock-and-roll, whose partisans display hostility to jazz fans in Blackboard Jungle and Jailhouse Rock. Three screen narratives in which Tony Curtis plays a jazz musician are briefly recounted, also one where he torments a jazz musician. The nominally “crummy” all-woman band in the period comedy Some Like It Hot is defended, and placed in the context of other women’s jazz bands. Actor/director John Cassavetes plays a TV jazz musician/detective on Johnny Staccato, and a few episodes are examined.
Movies within Movies and New Orleans Comes Back 2008–2019
Authors: Whitehead Kevin
Published: April 2020

In the 2000s and 2010s, screen jazz stories explored new forms to tell a new century’s jazz stories—longform television included. The surreal comedy Be Kind Rewind critiques jazz narrative conventions, with a movie within a movie: a new trend in jazz pictures. Born to Be Blue depicts a Chet Baker biopic within the biopic. A Miles Davis biopic is configured as a self-contained double feature, dividing his charming and evil personas. Nina Simone and Joe Albany biopics likewise focus on lulls in their careers. Queen Latifah plays Bessie Smith in a sexually frank biopic. Damien Chazelle’s Whiplash is hysterical like a too-fast drum solo, and his La La Land echoes Scorsese’s New York, New York in various particulars. As the jazz film approached the music’s centenary on record, new stories keep harking back to early ones—even the earliest, drawing connections back to The Jazz Singer.
Print the Legend
Authors: Whitehead Kevin
Published: April 2020

As described in this short chapter, movies about jazz sometimes inspire impressionable viewers to become professional musicians. Such films may even influence the specific ways they play. In addition, screen portrayals of jazz may influence how musicians (such as Sidney Bechet and Nina Simone) talk about their own lives, or about the music they play—though the evidence is often circumstantial.
Problem Solving
Authors: Paul Sharon J.
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines how to design rehearsal strategies that take advantage of the brain’s natural tendency to learn efficiently through problem solving. After a brief discussion of the science of learning, this chapter offers pragmatic exercises and ideas to increase singer engagement through the embedding of problem solving throughout the rehearsal process. Areas explored include how to begin rehearsal with a problem to solve, encouraging autonomous decision-making from your singers, experimentation with tuning forks, and teaching your students to self-monitor. It also looks at ways to allow for singer analysis and experimentation, create provisions for follow up, incorporate reflective exercises, use the Socratic method, and utilize collaborative problem-solving techniques in rehearsal.
Identifying Ways We Learn
Authors: Paul Sharon J.
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines the validity and relevance of two frequently discussed educational theories: Multiple Intelligence Theory and Learning Styles. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory encourages educators to look beyond the standard IQ test as a single measurement of a student’s potential. Rather, he encourages educators to look at students more holistically as defined by eight different intelligences. The chapter continues by explaining that scientific studies do not support the commonly held belief that students learn best through their preferred learning style. Instead, research demonstrates that information learned through multiple sensory entry points will have more triggers for recollection, thus increasing chances for recall. The author shares a variety of exercises created to take advantage of this brain principle in the choral rehearsal. This chapter further explores the brain’s affinity as a pattern-seeking device to respond to structure, and ways to use that affinity as an aid to learning.
It’s All in Your Mind
Authors: Paul Sharon J.
Published: April 2020

This chapter explores strategies to maintain student focus in a world of ever-shrinking attention spans. The author examines the use of mindfulness as a rehearsal tool both to encourage sharpened attention, and to reenergize a lagging rehearsal. The chapter looks at research that supports mindfulness as a significant strategy to improve focus and skillfully deal with distractions, which can thereby yield benefits to rehearsal engagement and enjoyment. This chapter also explores the importance of maintaining a positive atmosphere in rehearsal, and ways educators can avoid unintentionally creating an environment of learned helplessness, the situation where students’ repeated, perceived failures discourage future efforts. It discusses how maintaining a high level of focus, positivity, and creative flow in rehearsal will more likely result in concert performances that reflect these qualities as well.
The Write Choice
Authors: Paul Sharon J.
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines the use of writing as a tool for learning and retention in the choral rehearsal. Writing ensures a level of participation in analytical exercises not guaranteed during discussions, where students can easily disengage without notice. This chapter also notes the opportunity that writing can afford to the more introverted students, or those less likely to speak up to share their insights. The author suggests numerous ways to incorporate writing into various points of a rehearsal, such as during the opening minutes, at midway points, as exit cards at the conclusion, those occasions when singers need to sit out, or as journal entries written during or outside of rehearsal. No matter the type of writing activity, whether reflective, predictive, analytical, or summative, the chapter investigates exercises that keep students mentally engaged, encouraging creative and active participation in rehearsal.
Score Study—Look at Your Fish!
Authors: Paul Sharon J.
Published: April 2020

This chapter explores various methods for thoroughly learning a score. Although not the focal point of this book, having a well-prepared score before stepping onto the podium will provide better opportunities to design engaging and productive rehearsals. Each broad category of score study (such as text, time, architecture, harmony, etc.) includes sample brain-compatible rehearsal strategies. The chapter concludes with a consideration of frequently asked questions regarding how best to prepare a score for rehearsals and performance. Topics include methods for marking a score, how much or how little to listen to recordings, use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and how to introduce a new score to your ensemble.
Out of Time
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: April 2020

Between 2009 and 2014, an anti-homosexuality law circulating in the Ugandan parliament attracted global attention for the draconian nature of its provisions and for the involvement of US anti-gay evangelical Christians who were reported to have lobbied for its passage. This book makes three contributions to our understanding of these developments. First, it offers an account of the international relations that anticipated and followed the Anti Homosexuality Act. Journeying through encounters between the kingdom of Buganda and British colonialism, between the Ugandan state and its international donors, and between LGBTI activists in the global South and North, the book illuminates the frictional collaborations across geopolitical divides that produce and contest contemporary queerphobias. Second, it explores the dialectic produced by two opposed statements that mark queer postcolonial disagreements—‘homosexuality is Western’ and ‘homophobia is Western’. Arguing that both statements are plausible but evasive, the book demonstrates how their opposition produces distinctive forms of temporal politics in the queer postcolony. In this register, the book explores the afterlives of colonialism and the queer futures enabled by it in Uganda, India, and Britain. Third, in shifting the scenes of encounter that it investigates from one chapter to the next, the book reveals how queerness mutates in different configurations of power to become a metonym for other categories such as nationality, religiosity, race, class, and caste. It argues that these mutations reveal the grammars forged in the originary violence of the state and social institutions in which queer difference struggles to find place.
The Location of Homophobia
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: April 2020

This chapter criticizes two practices of locating homophobia in space and time, visible in debates surrounding Uganda’s Anti Homosexuality Act. In homonationalist accounts, homophobia is attributed to African tradition. In homoromanticist accounts, it is attributed to Western actors, evidenced by the colonial imposition of anti-sodomy laws and more recent US evangelical Christian-led efforts to institute anti-queer laws in the global South. Both accounts converge in their view of places as discrete entities with distinctive essences. The chapter offers an alternative view of place formation as transnational and temporal, making visible the manner in which place is redefined and stabilized by elites in moments of flux. The argument is illustrated with reference to two such moments in Ugandan history: in the first, homophobia is articulated with imperialist collaboration; in the second, it is articulated with decolonization. In both moments, homophobia emerges as a transnational collaborative construction involving Ugandan and Western elites.
Spectres of Colonialism
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: April 2020

Awareness that anti-sodomy laws in the global South are a remnant of British colonialism has generated a discourse of atonement for colonialism among a British political elite not typically known for such contrition. This chapter investigates why this has been the case through a parallel reading of British parliamentary debates on the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade, and on the state of global LGBT rights. Drawing on Melanie Klein’s notion of manic reparation, it demonstrates how elites have sublimated their shame around historic wrongs perpetrated by Britain into moral crusades purporting to remedy them. It then contrasts categorical expressions of atonement for the ‘sexual’ legacies of colonialism with a more ambivalent reckoning with its ‘racial’ legacies. Taking issue with the separation of these analytics, the chapter reveals how atonement for the colonial imposition of anti-sodomy laws abroad is enabled by a whitening of queer suffering at home.
Queer in the Time of Homocapitalism
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: April 2020

In the wake of Uganda’s Anti Homosexuality Act, the World Bank cancelled a loan to the country, precipitating the production of international economic governmentality to promote respect for LGBTI rights, or what this chapter calls ‘homocapitalism’. The chapter reads this development as part of the instrumentalization of gender and sexuality for the rehabilitation of capitalism following the most recent global financial crisis. It argues that the Bank’s efforts to disincentivize homophobia by ascribing it a cost reinforce the hegemony of neoliberal reason. The chapter criticizes the Bank’s culturalist understanding of homophobia, arguing that this allows it to position itself as external to the problem, rather than as implicated in its production. It offers a political economy account of homophobia in Uganda that highlights the relationship between neoliberalism and Pentecostal Christianity, a key vehicle for conservative discourses around sexuality. It concludes with reflections on how homocapitalism might be resisted.
Epilogue
Authors: Rao Rahul
Published: April 2020

This chapter returns to a puzzle running through the book, namely how to account for the ways in which queerness mutates to become a metonym for imperialism/anti-imperialism, paganism/Christianity, whiteness, embourgeoisement, and backwardness in different institutional configurations of power. Using Hortense Spillers’s historically informed notion of the ‘grammar’ of a state, the chapter argues that these mutations result from a refraction of queerness through the foundational grammar of the institutions being investigated in each chapter. Both states and their antagonists speak in these grammars, making their engagements what Achille Mbembe calls ‘convivial’. The chapter illustrates this with reference to the politics of Uganda. It then summarises its claims about the global frictions surrounding the Anti Homosexuality Act, reiterating the ways in which these frictions illustrate the mutual constitution of core and periphery. It suggests that this insight offers a possible strategy for disorienting orientalism
Introduction
Authors: Goodman Glenda
Published: April 2020

Amateurs musicians and their manuscript music books provide valuable insights into the nature of music in everyday life in the post-Revolutionary United States. Examining the cultural practices of amateur music-making allows us to see the instrumental role music played in the construction of gender, social class, race, and the nation. Much of the repertoire popular among white amateur women and men was imported from Britain and reflected an aesthetic conservatism that belied the impulse toward cultural nationalism in the early republic. Moreover, this repertoire was avowedly conventional and eschews the traits heralded as innovative by musicologists who work on the Classical and early Romantic periods. As nonprofessionals, as people engaged in manuscript copying in the age of print, and in their choice of repertoire, amateurs’ contributions have been triply obscured. Nevertheless, the experience of learning, copying, and performing such repertoire was critical for amateurs’ self-fashioning as genteel, erudite, pious, and cosmopolitan.
Epilogue
Authors: Goodman Glenda
Published: April 2020

The biographies of amateur musicians unveil how gendered ideologies functioned in lived experiences: didactic prescriptions pertaining to consumerism and luxury, and to patriarchy and marriage, are complicated when we attend to individuals’ pleasures and hopes. The next generations of amateur musicians operated within the patterns established by the post-Revolutionary generation. The epilogue casts forward into the antebellum period to consider the similarities and differences with what came before. Most notably, a shift in attitudes toward female music teachers represents a marked change in the nineteenth century. However, separate gender roles remained entrenched. A summary of how manuscript music books’ materiality intersected with gendered experiences of music in amateurs’ daily lives in the early republic reminds us how this came to be the case.
Conclusion
Authors: Isaacs Bruce
Published: April 2020

The book concludes with a close examination of De Palma’s Femme Fatale as the exemplary experiment with a pure cinematic philosophy of the image and its praxis within visual, aural and narrative structures. The fragment is now intensified into a pure abstract geometric form in which the formal fragment takes on the qualities of a fractal organization in spatial and temporal relation. The fragment is analyzed in Femme Fatale in relation to shot scale (the close-up), the intensified split-screen sequence, the collage image (the concluding frame of the film), and Ryuichi Sakamoto’s reflexive imitation of Ravel’s Boléro theme. The book concludes with a hypothesis that the irreducible fragment of a pure cinematic form is suggestive of what Tarkovsky once called “the absolute image.”
Introduction
Authors: Collis Robert , Bayer Natalie
Published: April 2020

This opening section provides an overview of the significance of the Avignon Society in the context of the phenomenon of illuminism in Europe in the final quarter of the eighteenth century. It analyses the meanings of the terms illuminés and illuminism in order to explain the relevance of the Avignon Society to the history of this important expression of religious and esoteric sentiment during the Age of Enlightenment. It also includes a thorough review of the literature that outlines the various studies that have been conducted on the society since the late eighteenth century. The case is made that the history of the Avignon Society warrants more thorough and rigorous study.
In the Beginning Was the (Holy) Word
Authors: Collis Robert , Bayer Natalie
Published: April 2020

This chapter explores the foundation of the society in Berlin in 1779, under the leadership of three figures: L.-J.-B-.P. Guyton de Morveau (known as “Brumore”), Thadeusz Grabianka, and Antoine-Joseph Pernety. Brumore played a pivotal role as the group’s oracle, practising arithmancy, or the “cabalistic science of numbers,” to provide members with divine advice from the so-called Holy Word. From the outset these oracular consultations were combined with a passion for alchemical experimentation. Moreover, this leading triumvirate soon created a lavish nine-day consecration ceremony that ranks as one of the most spectacular rites of its kind in the late eighteenth century. The remainder of the chapter focuses on the various endeavours undertaken by the society to concoct the philosophers’ stone in Berlin, Rheinsberg, and Podolia, as the three leaders soon dispersed to different locations. The chapter also explores the society’s early embrace of Swedenborgian doctrine, alongside the enthusiastic acceptance of a Podolian prophet from 1780.
Trials, Tribulations, and Transformation
Authors: Collis Robert , Bayer Natalie
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines the activity of the Illuminés d’Avignon during the era of revolutionary tumult that beset France. The society was weakened by internal schism in the wake of the arrest of Ottavio Cappelli and external upheaval. Nonetheless, Tadeusz Grabianka succeeded in preserving the nucleus of the group, including, most notably, A.-J. Pernety, until the latter’s death in 1796. The chapter also undertakes a study of the precarious tightrope Grabianka walked at this time, fostering cordial relations with the revolutionary authorities in Avignon but also acting as a royalist agent. By the late 1790s, it is evident that Grabianka had overseen something of a resurgence in the society’s fortunes, attracting a new generation of initiates. Yet this renewed activity did not last long. The chapter concludes by revealing that the society had effectively ceased to function by the end of 1799. Beset by financial problems, Grabianka travelled to Paris in 1802, where he resided for at least six months, before receiving a passport to travel to his native Podolia.
The Legacy of the New Israel Society
Authors: Collis Robert , Bayer Natalie
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines the legacy of the New Israel Society in Russia in the aftermath of Tadeusz Grabianka’s arrest and subsequent death in prison in October 1807. More specifically, it carries out a study of how two members of the New Israel Society—N. F. Pleshcheeva and A. A. Lenivtsev—were able to form a relatively tight-knit circle of like-minded millenarians that soon came to include the powerful government ministers A. N. Golitsyn and R. A. Koshelev. The chapter also examines the links between the so-called Pleshcheeva Circle and the well-known prophetess Barbara von Krüdener in the early 1820s.
The Prophetess Madame Bouche and the Triune of Emperor Alexander, A. N. Golitsyn, and R. A. Koshelev, 1810–1822
Authors: Collis Robert , Bayer Natalie
Published: April 2020

This chapter reveals the remarkable influence of Madame Bouche, a French prophetess and early member of the Avignon Society, on Emperor Alexander I of Russia. This is the first detailed examination of the key role played by Bouche at the imperial court between 1819 and 1821. Drawing extensively on archival evidence, it shows that Bouche remained in contact with former members of the Avignon Society into the early 1810s. By 1817 she had begun to write to Emperor Alexander to reveal to him his pivotal role in fulfilling a divine mission to bring peace to Europe. Bouche also continued the tradition of consulting the Holy Word at this time. Through an analysis of police records, the chapter shows that Bouche was able to secure the patronage of the Russian emperor as a result of her links to dukes Eugen-Friedrich and Ferdinand of Württemberg. Finally, the chapter undertakes an in-depth examination of Bouche’s remarkable two-year residence in Petersburg, where she acted as a prophetic adviser to Emperor Alexander and to two of his ministers, A. N. Goltisyn and R. A. Koshelev.
Introduction
Authors: Renfro Paul M.
Published: April 2020

The introduction sketches the contours of the book. It details the construction of a moral panic concerning the abduction of children by strangers in the late twentieth century and lays out the political and cultural ramifications of this panic. As the introduction indicates and the rest of the book demonstrates, this panic—precipitated by the bereaved parents of missing and slain children, the news media, and politicians—led to the consolidation of a “child safety regime” and the expansion of the American carceral state. The introduction situates this argument within the existing historiography of late twentieth-century United States politics and culture, as well as the growing literature on carceral studies.
“He Was Beautiful”
Authors: Renfro Paul M.
Published: April 2020

Chapter 1 concentrates on the disappearance of six-year-old Etan Patz in Manhattan in May 1979. It shows how pictures of Patz—taken by his father, a professional photographer, and disseminated around New York City and beyond—inaugurated a new cultural form called the image of endangered childhood. This form foregrounded white childhood innocence and assumed sexual overtones, which shaped the ascendant child safety movement and the news media’s coverage of it. Specifically, observers more readily assigned sexual motives to missing child cases beginning in the late twentieth century. In the Patz case, the racialized and sexualized image of endangered childhood led investigators, activists, and the news media to (wrongly) implicate the North American Man/Boy Love Association in Etan’s abduction. The case thus revealed key fault lines in the LGBTQ and feminist movements, and in late twentieth-century American politics more broadly, while setting the foundation for the child safety regime.