bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intertemporal choice reflects value comparison rather than self-control: insights from confidence judgments
Authors: Bulley Adam , Lempert Karolina Maria , Conwell Colin , Irish Muireann , Schacter Daniel L
Published: September 2021

Intertemporal decision-making has long been assumed to measure self-control, with prominent theories treating choices of smaller, sooner rewards as failed attempts to override immediate temptation. If this view is correct, people should be more confident in their intertemporal decisions when they “successfully” delay gratification than when they do not. In two pre- registered experiments with built-in replication, adult participants (n=117) made monetary intertemporal choices and rated their confidence in having made the right decisions. Contrary to assumptions of the self-control account, confidence was not higher when participants chose delayed rewards. Rather, participants were more confident in their decisions when possible rewards were further apart in time-discounted subjective value, closer to the present, and larger in magnitude. Demonstrating metacognitive insight, participants were more confident in decisions that better aligned with their independent valuation of possible rewards. Decisions made with less confidence were more prone to changes-of-mind and more susceptible to a patience-enhancing manipulation. Together, our results establish that confidence in intertemporal choice tracks uncertainty in estimating and comparing the value of possible rewards – just as it does in decisions unrelated to self-control. Our findings challenge self- control views and instead cast intertemporal choice as a form of value-based decision-making about future possibilities.
Penilaian Aspek Fungsi dan Estetika Tata Hijau Taman Wisata Iman Sitinjo Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Hutasoit Elpina Vriesea Fidesia
Published: September 2021

ELPINA VRIESEA FIDESIA HUTASOIT. Penilaian Aspek Fungsi dan Estetika Tata Hijau Taman Wisata Iman Sitinjo Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara. Dibimbing oleh NIZAR NASRULLAH. Tanaman sebagai komponen paling dominan pada tata hijau Taman Wisata Iman Sitinjo menjadi indicator kondisi tata hijau taman. Tata hijau memiliki fungsi arsitektural, meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan, ameliorasi iklim dan pemberi nilai estetika.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis fungsi, estetika, persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat terhadap tata hijau Taman Wisata Iman Sitinjo dan menyusun rekomendasi untuk peningkatan kualitas tata hijau yang dapat diterapkan di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di empat taman, yaitu Taman Vihara, Taman Gereja, Taman Pura, dan Taman Miniatur Ka’bah dalam Taman Wisata Iman Sintinjo.Untuk menganalisis fungsi tata hijau digunakan metode skoring dari pencapaian kriteria dari tiap fungsi tanaman sebagai pembatas visual, kontrol kesilauan, peneduh dan penahan erosi.Metode yang diterapkan untuk menganalisis kualitas estetika lanskap adalah Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) dan skala likert untuk menganalisis persepsi dan preferensi responden terhadap fungsi tata hijau. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi terdapat 41spesies tanaman dan memiliki nilai keragaman Shannon-Wiener rata-rata rendah dengan nilai 0,16. Nilai dominansi tanaman beragam di antara taman. Nilai dominansi pohon tertinggi (19.6%) ditemukan pada Taman Vihara. Hasil penilaian aspek fungsi menunjukkan kategori buruk dengan nilai rata-rata 57,56%. Berdasarkan penilaian, Taman Gereja, Taman Pura, dan Taman Miniatur Ka’bah termasuk kategori buruk sehingga diperlukan perbaikan dan peningkatan pada aspek fungsi.Penilaian aspek estetika menunjukkan kualitas estetika tinggi pada Taman Vihara dengan nilai 88. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pengunjung terhadap kualitas taman secara keseluruhan cukup puas dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,92. Preferensi pengunjung menunjukkan lebih baik ditambahkan tanaman peneduh dan tanaman produktif pada taman.
Acute Toxicity Assessment of the methanolic leaf extract of Annona squamosa Bark in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Saleh Jamila , Olowoniyi Funsho , Emmanuel Ekpa , Abdullateef Abdulrahman , Bolanle Muhibat Komolafe , Hassan Madinat
Published: September 2021

Throughout the history of man, traditional and herbal method of treatment of diseases has been used without considering the dose effect. Therefore, this present study is an attempt on investigating the effect of different doses of Annona squamosa methanolic leaf extract on male wistar Rats especially the delicate organs. The work involves oral administration of different doses (10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900, 5000 mg/kg body weight) of the extract to groups of rats according to Lorkes method. The animals were monitored for 30 days at every 24 hours interval in order to find the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Internal organ-body weight ratios (OBR) of animals in the test groups were determined and compared with those of the control group. LD50 was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg body weight without any significant decrease (p>0.05) in body weight. Biochemical analysis of Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Albumin and globulin of animals administered with extract showed no significant difference compared to the control groups (p>0.05) but concentration of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicated obvious changes in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Histopathology of the kidney revealed some inflammation at 1000, 1600, and 5000 mg/kg body weight. The implications of using this extract within safe doses in traditional medicine is hereby discussed.
Development of pharmacognostic parameters for the leaf of Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd
Authors: Preetham J. , Kiran S. , Sharath R. , Sundari P. Sivakami , Ganapathy PS Sujan , HM Kumaraswamy
Published: September 2021

Background: Pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants is an important parameter for standardization and authentication of plants, with the help of which adulteration and substitution can be prevented. The present study deals with pharmacognostic profile of leaf of Bridelia scandens (Roxb).Willd. an important traditional plant, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae used to treat various ailments. Methods: The present study includes macroscopic and microscopic studies, quantitative microscopy, and physiochemical characters such as ash value, extractive values, fluorescence analysis, and total phenol and flavonoid content. Results: Macroscopically, the leaves are B. scandens are elliptic –oblong or obavate, dark green above, pale green below lateral veins. Microscopically, leaf consists of thick semicircular midrib and the lamina, cortical zone ending with thick continuous cylinder of sclerenchyma cells. Sclerenchyma cylinder completely enclosed the vascular cylinder of the midrib, consists of only continuous thick layer of phloem. Xylem cylinder consists of numerous short or long radial chains of vessels. The lateral vein is flat on the adaxial side and prominently projecting hemispherical body on the adaxial side. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of spiral xylem vessels, rosette and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and trichomes. A Physiochemical characteristic was also determined. Conclusion: Existing literature revealed that so far, no Pharmacognostic study has been reported on the leaf of B. scandens. Findings from this investigation can be used for its identification and determination of quality and purity of medicinally important plant. Thus exploring the usefulness of pharmacognostic evaluation to validate and authenticate drug.
In-vitro Activity of Selected Plant Extracts on Post-Harvest Pathogens Causing Tomato Fruit Rot
Authors: Mugao Lydia G.
Published: September 2021

Most researchers have majored on research to improve tomato production while neglecting post-harvest issues. Control of the post-harvest diseases in tomato is by use of synthetic pesticides. However, current research shows that pesticides are toxic with long residue effect. Some of the products are rejected in the market due to high chemical residue levels resulting to losses. A sustainable solution to this problem can be obtained from bio-controls that are environmental friendly. In this study, three different crude plant extracts (ginger rhizomes, neem leaves and garlic bulbs) were evaluated in-vitro at different concentrations for the control of pathogens causing tomato post-harvest rots. The used concentrations were: 1, 2, and 3mg/ml. The isolated and identified pathogen species used in this study were Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Geotrichum. Pathogen growth media (Potato Dextrose Agar) were amended with the different concentrations of the selected crude plant extracts and the pathogens introduced into the media. Radial growth of the fungal pathogens was measured at an interval of twenty four hours after the second day for seven days and was compared with the control. Results showed that all extracts’ concentrations had antimicrobial effect against the test pathogens with garlic having the highest bio-control activity. However, the antimicrobial effect varied with the concentration and the plant species. From the study it is evident that plant extracts can be used as safe alternatives for management of post-harvest rot causing pathogens in tomato fruits thus safeguarding the human health and the environment.
Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition among Under-five children in Odisha: A Review
Authors: Satapathy Ayusi , Satapathy Ansuman , Rout Dwity Sundar , Prusty Ajay Kumar , Rout Sandeep
Published: September 2021

The WHO has identified PEM as one of the major problems among the children round the world. Also, over the years it has been found that developing countries like India have been facing the issue of PEM among children particularly at the most crucial stage of their development. Moreover, this is prevalent mostly among the rural masses and the poor and arises due to issues relating to poverty, poor environmental sanitation, poor dietary practices, low socioeconomic status, maternal education, frequent infection, and poor household food security, high consumption of rice, frequency of acute illness and low birth weight of child. This paper is a review on the status of PEM among young children (under the age of five) in Odisha. The study is based on analysis and meta-analysis of secondary sources of relevant literature and the inferences thereof suggesting possible strategies to combat this problem.
Professional Identity and Struggles of Basic Level English Teacher: A Critical Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Karki Debraj
Published: September 2021

Professional development is a continuous process of learning to empower professional competency and enable teachers to be strong and competent in their professional career. The study critically explores the struggles and professional activities of basic level English teachers in professional development. Critical narrative inquiry has been used in relation to long lived experiences of a participant with a semi – structured telephonic interview. The participant narrates three distinct phases of experiences in teaching profession. The result revealed that participant was innately interested in teaching profession before involvement. But the situated school system discouraged his ideology of teaching profession even he determined to continue his profession involving in different seminars, workshop and study. However, the study further suggests that there is lack of innovating teaching profession from critical perspectives focusing the interactive and transformative environment in classroom. Therefore, the basic level teachers need to re- examine and re – construct the professional activities to address the need, interest and level of learners. Similarly, the study contributes to apply language teaching activities in terms of transformative mood rather than structured model of teaching empowering teachers as an agency.
Tvorbeni oblici etnika otoka Brača
Authors: Lasić Josip , Nigoević Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The term demonym (cro. etnik) is used in the Croatian linguistic bibliography to denote „the name of a person (a male or a female) living or having origins in an inhabited place (oyconym), region, country, state and continent“ (Babić, 1976: 145). Previous researches on the formation of demonyms in the standard (Barić, 1997; Silić and Pranjković, 2005) and some regional varieties (Šimunović, 2006; Čilaš Šimpraga and Kurtović Budja, 2009) of the Croatian language suggest that they are most frequently formed by the means of suffixation. Namely, 86 suffixes for male and 21 suffixes for female gender have been identified in the standard Croatian language. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse a corpus of demonyms of the Central Dalmatian island Brač. The corpus is a result of a field research conducted in September 2018 and March 2019. The research shows that there are 22 inhabited places on the island of Brač whose names were used to obtain about forty demonyms for each gender. For the purposes of this paper, they were subsequently recorded, verified, listed and analysed in terms of the type of their formation. Since the analysis of demonym formation revealed instances of multi-layered language variation, this paper will present some special features of local speeches recorded directly on the spot through the examples of interesting types of formation of demonyms for both genders. The aim of this paper is, therefore, two-fold: to preserve the demonyms from oblivion (since some of the places on the islands of Brač may soon be abandoned and uninhabited), and to systematize the demonyms of Brač in line with the models of demonym formation established for the standard Croatian language.
Tematski rječnici kao nastavno sredstvo u p(r)oučavanju jezika
Authors: Vasiljeva Ljudmila
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the methodological status of the dictionary in the process of learning/teaching other Slavic languages and to determine the features of the bilingual thematic educational Ukrainian-Croatian dictionary. Dictionaries play an important role in the development of national culture and in the supporting and improving a particular native language. During the thirty-year period of independence both Croatia and Ukraine can boast only a small amount of Croatian and Ukrainian lexicographic editions that could simultaneously apply to Croatian and Ukrainian. The important role of vocabulary in learning a foreign language does not require any comments. In fact it is generally accepted in teaching methods, which means that dictionary, as well as textbook, are necessary means in the teaching process. Noting and grouping words in dictionary also has a fairly long history. The alphabetical order of lexical units is traditional and commonly accepted in the world lexicography. Hence, thematic and ideographic lexicography are supposed to be alternatives to alphabetic lexicography.
Kontaktna sinonimija u glagoljskim rukopisima zadarskoga kraja iz 17. i 18. stoljeća
Authors: Vigato Ivica
Published: September 2021

It is known that contact synonymity, as an instrument of bypassing dialectical discrepancies, was frequently present in older Croatian writings. In this work the author is discovering examples of contact synonymity in glagolitic manuscripts of Zadar region of the 17th and 18th centuries which belong to administrative functional style. With them it was endeavoured to overcome uneven terminology which was, on the one hand, understandable to the inhabitants of the area where the records were noted or referred and, on the other hand, understandable to the officials of the institutions who were controlling, approving and referring those records. Namely, in the consciousness of the clerks there existed the model, the template of writing synonyms in contact, which was certainly seen in some older codices which those clerks were using in texts of different contents and purposes. That is why, the author concludes, the use of contact synonymity is so firmly interwoven in the foundation of the Croatian language.
O hrvatskoj ikavskoj jezičnoj tradiciji u prosudbi izvandomovinske jezikoslovne kroatistike
Authors: Šunjić Vice
Published: September 2021

The idea of Novoštokavian Ikavian as the basis for Croatian literary language appeared in the works of Croatian linguists from abroad in the mid-1950s. The same idea was promoted by certain Croatian linguists as early as mid-18th century, in the period of Croatian language standardisation, when Ikavian was the most dominant among Croatian speeches. The same goes for 19th century, when usage of Novoštokavian Ikavian served as a distinctive feature between the western (Croatian, Ikavian) and eastern (Serbian, Ekavian) speeches. The architect of such a solution was Petar Tutavac Bilić, a Croatian linguist living abroad, together with his associates gathered around the magazine „Svitlenik“. This paper deals with works by Tutavac Bilić in which he tried to initiate changes with regard to the basis of the Croatian literary language. This paper will discuss Tutavac’s works, with which he tried to influence the change of the standard linguistic basis of the Croatian literary language, as well as the works of Croatian linguists living abroad who strongly opposed such a form of linguistic radicalism.
Hrvatski jezikoslovci i bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz
Authors: Mićanović Krešimir
Published: September 2021

During the period of socialist Yugoslavia, the linguistic standard used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the six republics constituting the multinational federation at the time, found itself on the periphery of linguists’ interest. Up until the mid-1960s, Bosnia and Herzegovina itself occupied only a loosely marginal position in the language policy field where the central positions had been granted to Croatian and Serbian linguists, i.e. their respective cultural institutions – Matica hrvatska (Zagreb) and Matica srpska (Novi sad), as per the agreements reached at the 1954 meeting in Novi Sad. This paper presents an analysis of the language policy context in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Bosnia and Herzegovina, when the government of the federal republic lent its support to the shaping of an autonomous language policy according to which the language standard of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, Serbs and Croats was identified as bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz, „a distinct and specific aspect of the Serbo-Croatian i.e. Croato-Serbian standard language used in Bosnia and Herzegovina“. Special attention in the paper is paid to (polemical) texts by Croatian linguists concerning the language and variants used by Croats, Serbs, Montenegrins and Muslims in which the language standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina is explicitly taken into account. The analysis of texts published during the period shows, on the one hand, that Croatian linguists bemoan the eclipse of typical Croatian lexis in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s public use of language but are, on the other hand, disposed to identify the Bosnian-Herzegovinian language standard as a distinct variant.
Lingvistički i geografski prostori u pjesništvu Delimira Rešickog
Authors: Pinter Kornelija
Published: September 2021

The paper analyzes the expressions from the semantic field of water in the poetry written by Delimir Rešicki. The analysis is preceded by a review of the existing scientific approaches to space as a condition for linguistic structure from the perspectives of linguistics and phonostilistics. In the analytical part of the paper, we will try to use the listed and from the linguistic and phonetic perspectives analyzed terms from the semantic field of water to support the thesis on the conditionality of language on the living space and emphasize the integrity of the particular geographical area of Pannonia in the poetic identity of the text.
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: A Life- and Limb-threatening Disease
Authors: Zuki Wan Nuraisyah Azzahrah Wan
Published: September 2021

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare syndrome caused by venous thrombosis and characterised by a triad of limb oedema, cyanosis and pain. It requires early recognition as delay of treatment can cause gangrene, limb amputation and in extreme cases, death. A 67- year-old Chinese lady, with underlying hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia presented to the emergency department with a 2 days history of pain, oedema and bluish discoloration over the entire left leg. She had a history of fall 6 months prior and since then she used a walking stick for mobilization. This patient underwent ultrasound doppler left lower limb , which showed features suggestive of long-segment left lower limb deep vein thrombosis. A diagnosis of PCD was made. Subsequently, she went for a CT angiogram and venography of the left lower limb which confirmed thrombosis of the left calf vein extending to the long segment of the left common iliac vein. She was commenced on intravenous heparin infusion and then underwent inferior vena cava filter insertion and catheter directed thrombolysis. Repeat venogram showed successful catheter directed thrombolysis of the left lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Treatment should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis of PCD is suspected. Currently, guidelines for treatment are lacking however 3 therapeutic options are advocated alone or in combination: anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, and venous thrombectomy. An early recognition of PCD and appropriate decision regarding the treatment is essential to preserve the limb.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S16
Intrauterine Intussusception Presenting as Fetal Ascites and Meconium Peritonitis
Authors: Binti Kamilen Khalilah Alhuda , Othman Mohd Yusran
Published: September 2021

Intussusception is a well-known cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Its occurrence in fetus as an intrauterine incidence is extremely rare and poses a diagnostic difficulty. Intrauterine intussusception may result in intestinal atresia once the gangrenous segment resorbed. However, a very late occurrence of intussusception just prior to delivery may present as meconium peritonitis. We are reporting a case of premature baby who was born at 35 weeks gestation via emergency caesarean for breech in labour. Routine scan 4 days prior to the delivery showed evidence of fetal ascites. She was born with good Apgar Score and weighed 2.5kg. Subsequently she developed respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. She passed minimal meconium once after birth then developed progressive abdominal distension and vomiting. Abdominal radiograph on day 4 of life revealed gross pneumoperitoneum and bedside percutaneous drain was inserted to ease the ventilation. Upon exploratory laparotomy, a single ileal perforation was seen 20cm from ileocecal junction with an intussusceptum was seen in the distal bowel. Gross meconium contamination and bowel edema did not favour the option of primary anastomosis, thus stoma was created. Reversal of stoma was performed a month later and she recovered well. Fetus with a complicated intrauterine intussusception may present with fetal ascites and their postnatal clinical and radiological findings need to be carefully assessed for evidence of meconium peritonitis; in which a timely surgical intervention is required to prevent the sequelae of prolonged intraabdominal sepsis in this premature baby.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S18
Leptospirosis: A Rare Cause of Acute Hepatitis
Authors: Wong Jo Ann
Published: September 2021

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. Humans acquire the infection either through direct contact with the urine of infected animals, commonly rats or indirect contact of contaminated water or soil. It is a rare cause of acute hepatitis in the UK with fewer than 100 reported cases a year and hence diagnosis is commonly delayed. A 51-year-old fit Caucasian gentleman was admitted with a one-week history of painless jaundice, dark urine and pale-coloured stools. This was associated with feeling unwell, anorexia, nausea and intermittent epigastric discomfort. He binges on alcohol on a weekend. He works as a telephone engineer which occasionally exposes him to sewage water. On clinical examination, he was icteric with mild right hypochondriac tenderness. Liver biopsy was performed and histologically it was suggestive of leptospirosis. He was started on a five-day course of intravenous ceftriaxone followed by two days course of oral doxycycline. His IgM leptospirosis result finally came back as positive. Due to the rarity of leptospirosis in the UK, the serological testing of leptospirosis is only performed in the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory in Porton Down, Salisbury leading to a delay in getting the result. The patient underwent an invasive procedure which can be avoided if the leptospirosis serology was ordered early and result available quickly. Fortunately, the patient made a full recovery after two months. Leptospirosis should be considered in an individual with acute hepatitis and a history of exposure to sewage.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S22
“I Felt Something Coming Down Below”: A Case of POP
Authors: Bt Juanda Mumtaz Adiba , Daud Suzanna
Published: September 2021

Pelvic floor disorders, which includes pelvic organ prolapse (POP), have shown an increasing prevalence among women worldwide. (Wu 2014) It is perceived as embarrassment and affect the women’s quality of life. A 68-year-old housewife, Para 3, complained of a 50-cent coin size lump coming down from her vagina since 2019, which could be reduced back manually inside the vagina. The symptom exacerbated by straining and carrying heavy objects. Ignoring the symptom, causing the lump to increase in size and protruded out from her vagina for the past 2 months. She had 3 SVD with maximum birth weight of 3.75kg and a prolonged second stage of labour in her second pregnancy. She was not aware and never practiced pelvic floor exercise nor taken any HRT. There were no urinary symptoms nor constipation. Her BMI is 25.2kg/m2. Abdominal examination was unremarkable. On speculum examination, vagina was atrophic and third degree uterine prolapse was evident. She was arranged to have Vaginal hysterectomy, anterior colporrhaphy and sacrospinous fixation done. The positive risk factors in this case are multiparity, menopausal status, a history of prolonged labor and frequent heavy lifting. The delay in presentation is due to lack of awareness. It was also found in a study that feeling of embarrassment and social stigma could be the reason. (Abhyankar 2019) Pelvic Floor exercise and avoidance of heavy lifting may be beneficial at onset of symptom. For conclusion, POP awareness is crucial to empower women to prevent POP and seek treatment as soon as they are symptomatic.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S24
Modern Phineas Gage: A Man with a Knife in the Brain
Authors: Ong Chon Sum , Binti Che Din Nur Amalina , Er Fong Celine Mien , Binti Jamalludin Amira Nabiha
Published: September 2021

An accident with a tamping iron made Phineas Gage a historically famous brain-injury survivor. (1) Each year, approximately 1.6 million people sustain traumatic brain injury, leading to 52,000 deaths annually. (2) However, there is limited literature regarding traumatic brain penetration injury that could be found. A 42-year-old male with psychosis forcefully inserted a butter knife through nostril, traversed via sella turcica into posterior corpus callosum in a mental health facility. He was intubated in his local hospital and transferred over to a tertiary hospital for neurosurgical intervention. Radiological imaging showed impingement of knife against the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), multiple brain infarcts, intraventricular, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The knife was removed after securing the PCA with the collaboration between neurosurgery and interventional radiology team. Sinus repair was immediately performed by the otorhinolaryngologists. External ventricular drain was inserted due to hydrocephalus secondary to brain haemorrhage. He eventually developed ventriculitis leading to sepsis and was treated with multiple antibiotics. The traumatic brain injury led to anterior hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus which was treated using hormone therapy. He not only survived the fatal brain injury but also regained his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. This case demonstrates the potential of a multi-disciplinary and specialty approach to achieve outcomes a single specialty team could not. The outcome of a case which was deemed to be a non-survivable brain injury was made different due to the bold decision making, experience and innovative surgical strategy. Future research is needed to better understand and manage brain penetration injury.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S27
Application of the modified simple equation method for solving two nonlinear time-fractional long water wave equations
Authors: Bakicierler Gizel , Alfaqeih Suliman , Misirli Emine
Published: September 2021

Recently, non-linear fractional partial differential equations are used to model many phenomena in applied sciences and engineering. In this study, the modified simple equation scheme is implemented to obtain some new traveling wave solutions of the non-linear conformable time-fractional approximate long water wave equation and the non-linear conformable coupled time-fractional Boussinesq-Burger equation, which are used in the expression of shallow-water waves. The time- fractional derivatives are described in terms of conformable fractional derivative sense. Consequently, new exact traveling wave solutions of both equations are achieved. The graphics and correctness of the wave solutions are obtained with the Mathematica package program.
Situational and Ecological Predictors of Conducted Energy Weapon Application Severity
Authors: Sytsma Victoria A. , Laming Erick , Pohl Ethan
Published: September 2021

Despite being touted as a “less lethal” use-of-force option, conducted energy weapons (CEWs) do pose some risk of injury to civilians, and thus warrant empirical examination. CEWs provide users with multiple use modes constituting various levels of severity; yet apart from the work of Somers and colleagues, almost no research exists investigating these levels of severity. Further, research findings on the impact of suspect resistance on CEW deployment are somewhat mixed. We contribute an innovative application of environmental criminology in a Canadian setting by exploring situational and ecological predictors of CEW application severity, with special attention being paid to reasons cited for CEW use and the impact of subject resistance level. Using all 393 Ontario Provincial Police CEW-related use-of-force reports over a two-year period, we find probe deployment to be the most common level of CEW application severity, irrespective of subject resistance level, and even when officers and subjects are in close proximity to one another. Application of CEW for the purpose of effecting an arrest is consistently the strongest predictor of CEW application severity without any mediating effect of subject resistance level or presence of a weapon. The impact of applying CEWs for the purpose of effecting arrests on CEW application severity is partially mediated by lighting visibility. Results are discussed.
Two typically coastal halophilous species of dipterans are found inland in freshwater habitat (Diptera: Psychodidae, Sphaeroceridae)
Authors: Przhiboro A.A.
Published: September 2021

Two typically coastal halophilous species: Telmatoscopus similis Tonnoir (Psychodidae) and Thoracochaeta brachystoma (Stenhammar) (Sphaeroceridae), were collected at the shore of a freshwater lake in Pskov Prov.
New combinations and data on distribution for some Mediterranean Issidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea)
Authors: Gnezdilov V.M.
Published: September 2021

New combinations for 7 species and new records for 8 species are given.
Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Lee Chang-Yk , Back Gun-Youl , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2021

Study Design: Cross-sectional study using radiological measurements.Purpose: To analyze the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and to assess risk factors of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) in postmenopausal diabetic women.Overview of Literature: Type 2 DM has negative effects on the quality of bone. Patients with type 2 DM have increased risk of hip and other fractures, but their vertebral fracture risk is controversial. There is a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and BMD. At the same time, obesity is the most important risk factor for type 2 DM.Methods: Consecutive patients whose BMD had been checked using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Gwangmyung Sungae Hospital were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of type 2 DM. Risk factors of OVCF including age, BMI, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption, and presence of osteoporosis were analyzed separately in the type 2 DM group and control group.Results: A total of 1,130 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 63.2 years. BMI was positively correlated with lumbar BMD in the control group (r =0.284) and in the diabetic group (r =0.302). In subgroup analysis, BMI and age were significant risk factors of OVCF in the type 2 DM group. In multiple linear regression analysis, type 2 DM (β =0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.005–0.065; p =0.024) and BMI (β =0.015; 95% CI, 0.012–0.018; p <0.001) were positively correlated with lumbar BMD, and age was negatively correlated with BMD (β =−0.006; 95% CI, −0.007 to −0.004; p <0.001).Conclusions: BMI was positively correlated with lumbar BMD and was higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Age was negatively correlated with lumbar BMD.
Terrorism and Social Engineering: A Distorted Picture of the Pakhtuns
Authors: Shakoor Abdul
Published: September 2021

Much of the ongoing terrorism in Pakistan is happening on and in the context of the Pakhtun region. This has severe possible implications for the present and future of the region and its inhabitants. It is imperative, therefore, to objectively analyze the process so that effective policy options are adopted for its eradication. Relying mainly on secondary data, the current study is a qualitative analysis of the nature of terrorism and its possible relation with the Pakhtun culture. It concludes that the image of Pakhtuns and their culture is distorted through a conscious policy. The study further concludes that the current terrorism on the Pakhtun land is a product of social engineering.
Peeking into Afghan's history: A study from 1988 to 2010
Authors: Jalal Syed Umair , Khan Bakhtiar , Ullah Muhammad Usman
Published: September 2021

The study will elaborate the Afghan historical events that took place right after the Geneva accord of 1988 when USSR forces pullout from the country till 2010. The article will explain the emergence of the Taliban and their establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Moreover, the paper will elaborate on the Taliban's nexus with al-Qaeda and their efforts to settle them in Afghanistan. Furthermore, this particular research tends to analyse the US retaliation and war on terror after the catastrophic event of 9/11. Additionally, the paper will illustrate the launching of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and the Taliban's bloody resurgence and their belligerence after the said mission. Consequently, the research will examine Obama's administration war strategies and tactics after his presidential victory over John McCain.
THE PROBLEM OF “SALINE CONTAMINATION” OF NATURAL WATERS OF ROSTOV REGION, CONFINED TO THE IRRIGATED AREA
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Drovovozova T. I. , Kirilenko A. A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: September 2021

Purpose: analysis of problematic issues associated with the hydrochemistry of natural waters and the processes occurring in the irrigation systems of Rostov region. Discussion. The specificity of growing crops associated with irrigated agriculture has led to the formation of significant volumes of drainage and waste water (58676.5 thousand cub. m at the level of 2019). The quality of drainage wastewaters is determined by the hydrochemistry of groundwater and water intakes and has a seasonal character. In drainage systems operation of the Central irrigated zone, an unregulated inflow of salt-forming ions into water inlets was noted, and their concentration in the places where drainage wastes are discharged into small water bodies of the Lower Don (for example, Kostylevsky pr., Kolodezki ur., Solenaya river, erik Besheny) differs little from the background geochemical concentrations and corresponds to the natural saline background of the studied objects. Since irrigation and drainage systems are the objects of negative impact on the environment, uncontrolled natural processes of salt-forming ions migration in adjacent environments in combination with desalinization processes during the irrigation period led to violations of ecological legislation by the land reclamation and agricultural water supply departments in terms of exceeding the standards of maximum permissible concentrations for water bodies for fishery purposes, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of 13.12.2016 no. 552. Conclusions. Regularities in formation of salt-forming ions migration processes in adjacent media have been revealed. It has been determined that one of the sources and agents of “saline contamination” of drainage and natural waters is groundwater. Hydrochemical materials and analysis of regulatory legal acts in terms of water bodies protection and use indicate the need to establish standards admitted to chemical substances concentrations disposal, taking into account the regional natural (nominally natural) hydrochemical background and natural and climatic characteristics differentiated for each small water body.
ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTIONS TYPES FOR MODELING FLOW OF SHIPS IN THE PASSENGER PORT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Yazvenko M. R.
Published: September 2021

This article presents a comparison of various types of mathematical distributions for arriving flow of ships using imitation model of the marine passenger port of St. Petersburg. In the course of analyzing the arrivals of cruise ships at the port in the past years, a confidence interval was determined in which the predicted number of ships entering the passenger port may fluctuate. Determination of possible fluctuations of incoming flow significantly simplifies the process of making management decisions in the port under conditions of uncertainty.
RECURSIVE EVALUATORS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Eglit Y. Y. , Eglit К. Y. ,   Saint-Petersburg Institute of economics and management, Shapovalova M.A. ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Yurchenko A.A. ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping
Published: September 2021

The results of implementation of recursive evaluators are introduced in the present article. Realization of parameter estimation of different structural and signal models is essential in information systems.
Global financial architecture: possible directions of structural transformation
Authors: Andrianov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The article examines the main trends in the transformation of the global financial infrastructure. The influence of shadow banking and the bubble of derivatives on the development of the world capital market and the stock market is investigated. Possible options for reforming international financial institutions and financial regulators are proposed.
Accession to the World trade organisation: a boon or a challenge?
Authors: Mikhnevich E.S.
Published: September 2021

The article is based on statistical data and examines the changes in the main macroeconomic indicators in eleven countries that joined the World Trade Organization in the period from 1996 to 2008.
The group of countries for this study includes Bulgaria, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Moldova, Armenia, Vietnam, Ukraine (ranked in the order of their accession to the WTO).
The main goal of the study was to see an objective picture of how the fact of accession to the multilateral trading system has affected the country's economic development. 
The group of surveyed macroeconomic indicators comprises: gross domestic product per capita; export of goods and services; inflow of foreign direct investment; inflation rate; unemployment rate; the volume of foreign exchange reserves.
Studies have shown that accession to the GATT/WTO multilateral trading system did not entail pronounced negative consequences for development processes for any of the studied countries. Macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product per capita, the volume of attracting foreign direct investment, the volume of exports of goods and services, the volume of foreign exchange reserves tended to grow in all states studied in the article.
The unemployment and inflation rates were less stable, but the main reasons for their volatility were mainly, negative phenomena in the world economy, as well as internal political events that took place in some of the countries.
Wir sind Helden. Sozialpolitische Maßnahmen und politische Kommunikation in der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Blum Sonja , Kuhlmann Johanna
Published: September 2021

Neben umfassenden Eindämmungsstrategien stellen sozial- und wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen einen zentralen Bestandteil der staatlichen Reaktionen auf die Corona-Pandemie dar. In Zeiten umfassender Krisen ist das politische Krisenmanagement gefordert, eine „überzeugende Erzählung“ des zugrundeliegenden Problems und der gewählten Lösungen zu liefern. Die Policy-Forschung hat gezeigt, dass Narrativen und den darin enthaltenen sozialen Konstruktionen von (insbesondere: „verdienten“ und „unverdienten“) Zielgruppen bei der Reformkommunikation eine zentrale Rolle zukommt. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag, welche Narrative in der Corona-Pandemie von politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen zur Begründung sozialpolitischer Reformen genutzt wurden. Analysiert werden dabei mit Deutschland und Österreich zwei traditionell konservative Wohlfahrtsstaaten sowie zwei sozialpolitische Felder (Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Familienpolitik). Die Narrativanalyse basiert auf einer systematischen Untersuchung der Regierungskommunikation auf Twitter während der „ersten Welle“ der Corona-Pandemie.
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH "CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVENTION OF CRIMES AGAINST MORALITY", PREPARED BY THE AUTHOR'S TEAM UNDER THE EDITORIAL OFFICE OF DOCTOR OF LAW, PROFESSOR S. F. DENISOV
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Kolb Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

Варто звернути увагу й на той факт, що в цій монографії досить вдало та професійно грамотно використані в тексті всі запропоновані в ній додатки (16 додатків; сторінки 230–306), особливо ті, що стосуються проєктів законів, кількості вивчених кримінальних проваджень та результатів анонімного анкетування різноманітних респондентів з цієї проблематики. Отже, на підставі результатів проведеного аналізу змісту монографії «Кримінологічна характеристика та запобігання злочинам проти моральності», підготовленої С. Ф. Денисовим та С. Г. Куликом, слід констатувати, що зазначене видання є актуальним та таким, що має теоретичне і практичне значення, може бути використане в навчальному процесі та науковій діяльності не тільки ЗВО системи правоохоронних органів, а й у так званих цивільних ЗВО аналогічного професійного спрямування.
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH "COUNTERACTION OF JUDICIAL TRIAL IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT IN MODERN REALITIES" DOCTOR OF LAW, PROFESSOR O. V. ODERIY AND CANDIDATE OF LEGAL SCIENCES R. V. MUDRETSKY
Authors:   Kherson State University, Stratonov Vasyl
Published: September 2021

Робота містить систему наукових ідей, понять, концептів, наукових положень і пропозицій, які збагачують юридичну науку новими знаннями, гіпотезами, концепціями та теоретичними моделями юридичних рішень, допомагають формуванню світогляду й правосвідомості як курсантів (студентів), так і практичних працівників. Пропозиції та рекомендації авторів розкривають шляхи розв’язання однієї з найбільш складних проблем у галузі юриспруденції, а саме подолання протидії судовому розгляду кримінальних проваджень. Актуальність і певна унікальність зібраного й виданого матеріалу дають підстави сподіватися, що монографія «Протидія судовому розгляду у кримінальних провадженнях та шляхи її подолання у сучасних реаліях» доктора юридичних наук, професора О. В. Одерія та кандидата юридичних наук Р. В. Мудрецького займе гідне місце серед наукових джерел і буде корисною практичним працівникам, слугуватиме подальшому розвитку науки.
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH "SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS IN UKRAINE", PREPARED BY THE AUTHOR'S TEAM OF DONETSK STATE UNIVERSITY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS: S. S. VITVITSKYI, О. О. VOLOBUEVA, D. V. DAVYDOVA, UNDER THE GENERAL EDITORSHIP OF DOCTOR OF LAW, PROFESSOR S. S. VITVITSKYI
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, Udalova Larysa
Published: September 2021

У післямові авторами визначено загальні підсумки наукового дослідження, сформульовано основні положення, що становлять зміст роботи, та пропозиції щодо вдосконалення кримінального процесуального законодавства. Отже, аналіз монографії «Джерела доказів у кримінальному процесі України», підготовленої авторським колективом Донецького державного університету внутрішніх справ: С. С. Вітвіцьким, О. О. Волобуєвою, Д. В. Давидовою, дає підставу констатувати, що робота є цілісним і завершеним дослідженням, яке є актуальним як для науки кримінального процесуального права, криміналістики та оперативно-розшукової діяльності, так і для використання у практичній діяльності.
The influence of Exchange Rate and Freight Cost Toward Export Volume of Adidas at PT Apparel One Indonesia 1 Semarang
Authors: Putri Adelia Regita , Sulistiyani Endang - , Paniya Paniya -
Published: September 2021

Exports volume of Adidas from time to time is not stable because the amount always fluctuates and shows the decrease every year. This study aims to determine the effect of the exchange rate and freight cost partially and simultaneously on the export volume of Adidas at PT Apparel One Indonesia 1 and to find out how much all independent variables contribute to the dependent variable. The independent variables used in this study are the exchange rate and freight cost, while the dependent variable is the export volume of Adidas. This research uses an explanatory research type with a quantitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data from literature reviews and observations, and comes from PT Apparel One Indonesia 1 with a time series from January 2014 to December 2019 and Bank Indonesia from January 2014 to December 2019. The output of this study shows that both variables affect export volume simultaneously. Meanwhile, partially, the exchange rate variable has a negative and significant effect on the export volume of Adidas. The freight cost variable has a negative and significant effect on the export volume of Adidas