bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Raising and Control of Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Authors: Hu Bo , Chen Hong
Published: August 2020

Modal auxiliary verbs are a type of verb that expresses the speaker’s attitude and opinion towards a proposition or an event. This paper investigates the syntactic features of modal auxiliary verbs in different languages from the aspects of semantic constraints, the deletion of complement clauses, constituent movement, pseudo-cleft construction and temporal and aspect markers, and analyzes relevant hypotheses of modal auxiliary verbs under the framework of generative grammar. We challenge the assumption that modal verbs are raising verbs, argue that modal auxiliary verbs should be analyzed as raising or control verbs.
The Impact of Racial Microaggressions Across Educational Attainment for African Americans
Authors: Smith William A. , Franklin Jeremy D. , Hung Man
Published: August 2020

While separate bodies of research have emerged regarding racial microaggressions in postsecondary settings and the relationship between race-related stressors and health outcomes for African Americans, there is a dearth of empirical investigations that test the effects of “general happiness,” “job satisfaction,” and race-related stress based on the educational attainment of African Americans. This study examines the experiences of 3,320 African Americans who participated in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) conducted by the Program for Research on Black Americans at the University of Michigan. Using a multigroup structural equation modeling approach, findings suggest that experience with more racial microaggressions tends to lead to less general happiness. Furthermore, greater racial microaggressions lead to less job satisfaction regardless of educational attainment. Findings demonstrate that racial microaggressions are entrenched in many parts of society that impact the health and education of African Americans. Authors provide suggestions for addressing racial microaggressions and disrupting whiteness.
Female Entrepreneurship a comparison between Mexico, Brasil and Chile
Authors: Elizundia María Eugenia
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze female entrepreneurship in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile using data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for each country and to analyze,

whether any of the key indicators have significant influence in the female entrepreneurial activity, comparing the results with total and male entrepreneurial activity and comparing the results in all three countries. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression was employed. The results show that some of these factors do have a significant influence in female entrepreneurship, that they are the same on comparison with total and male entrepreneurship, and that these factors (except for believing that participants have the required abilities to start a business) are not the same when comparing all three countries. There is still a lack of literature studies on this phenomenon, especially in Latin America. This study attempts to fill this gap.
A ilegalidade do prazo decadencial para requerer o seguro-desemprego
Authors: Siqueira Julio Pinheiro Faro Homem de , Souza Victor Roberto Corrêa de
Published: August 2020

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre um tema muito específico que não é enfrentado pela doutrina, mas que divide a jurisprudência federal. Trata-se da análise da legalidade do prazo decadencial para requerer seguro-desemprego. O referido prazo foi estabelecido, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, por meio de um ato administrativo normativo e, portanto, de natureza infralegal, para limitar o exercício de um direito social fundamental. A questão de fundo que se coloca é: — Pode a legislação secundária restringir o exercício de um direito constitucionalmente previsto? A resposta extraída do próprio texto constitucional brasileiro é pela impossibilidade, porque é expressamente prevista a necessidade de lei. Ademais, o mesmo texto prevê que o exercício do poder normativo depende de autorização da lei que ele pretende regulamentar, razão pela qual sua atuação é limitada. Com isso, surge o problema que orientou a pesquisa: — A lei que rege o seguro-desemprego autorizou a fixação, por ato administrativo normativo, de prazo decadencial para requerer o benefício? Na doutrina, encontrou-se um único artigo a enfrentar o questionamento, enquanto na jurisprudência foram encontrados dois entendimentos divergentes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi, então, verificar a validade da hipótese pressuposta de resposta, de que o prazo é ilegal. Com isso, fez-se o levantamento da legislação, da doutrina e da jurisprudência sobre o tema, mediante o uso do método descritivo, para, em seguida, com base no método hipotético-dedutivo, analisar a validade dos argumentos da tese da legalidade, demonstrando-se o acerto da tese da ilegalidade.
Application of Rice Straw Compost with Different Bioactivators on the Growth and Yield of Rice Plant
Authors: Barus Yunita
Published: August 2020

Turnover of organic matters to the soil can increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers, improve the plant growth and sustain the environment. Field experiment was carried out in the Buyut Udik Village, Gunung Sugih District, Central Lampung from May to August 2009.  Rice straw was composted by three kinds of decomposer (bioactivator A, B, and C). Rice straw compost (2 Mg ha-1) was applied to the paddy-field soil that was planted by rice (Oryza sativa) of Ciherang Variety. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that application of rice straw compost reduced the numbers of empty grain per tiller compared to control (without compost) in which control had the highest percentage of empty grain (15.9%). The application of rice straw compost that was decomposed by bioactivator A gave the highest numbers of grain per panicle and yield per plot as followed 162.5 seed and 33 kg plot-1, respectively.  Application of various rice straw composts that were decomposed by three kinds of bioactivator increased the rice grain up to 13-26% compared to control.
Texture and Chemical Properties of Two Depth Soils in a Toposequence of Anak Krakatau Before December 2018 Eruption
Authors: Setiawati Astriana Rahmi , Lumbanraja Jamalam , Nurul Aini Septi , Dermiyati Dermiyati , Buchari Henrie , Naspendra Zuldadan
Published: August 2020

Anak Krakatau volcano is one of the famous volcanic mountains located in the sea to the south part of the Province of Lampung, Indonesia. The volcano was derived from the active Krakatau caldera that first appeared on the surface in 1930 or 47 years after the eruption of Krakatau in 1883. The materials produced by the Anak Krakatau eruption were very interesting related to soil forming materials, especially their physical and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were to present information about the texture and chemical properties of soil from Anak Krakatau Mountain taken at the southeast slope before the December 2018 eruption at two different depths. This study was conducted in March to September 2019 which consisted of two parts: (1) soil survey in the field and (2) soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil samples were taken from a toposequence at seven points with an interval about 15m above sea level (asl) on the southeast slope (approaching northeast) of the Anak Krakatau in July 2018 at the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The soil texture of Anak Krakatau mountain before eruption in December 2018 was sandy with the percentage of sand 98.82 - 99.59%; silt 0 - 0.59%; and clay 0.41 - 0.74%. The soil chemical properties of Anak Krakatau mountain were soil pH (H2O) 4.95 – 6.27; soil pH (KCl) 4.75 – 5.89; Cation Exchange Capacity 0.41 – 2.02 cmol(+) kg-1; Base Saturation 117.24 – 514.63%; CaO 2.63 – 6.34%; MgO 3.06 – 6.13%; K2O 0.019 – 0.034%; Na2O 0.035 – 0.080%; P-retention 82.10 – 84.74%; and organic carbon 0.06 – 0.72%. The SEM-EDX analysis showed that the amounts of Mg and Na were more than 1% and there were several trace elements present in Anak Krakatau soil, namely Sb (Stibium), Nb (Niobium), Y (Yttrium), F (Flour), Co (Cobalt), and Ba (Barium).
Models of Arts Teacher’s Professional Development
Authors: Haerani Reni , Masunah Juju , Narawati Tati , Rochyadi Endang , Mujiarto Mujiarto
Published: August 2020

This article aims to describe a model of professional development for art teachers in Indonesia. The model includes the ability to carry out basic tasks and functions as educators, namely pedagogical, professional, and social competences, especially for dance teachers in managing and providing education services to children with special needs. This qualitative research employed a descriptive method with literature reviews, observations, and personal experiences for data collection. The findings show that the teacher professional development model has been carried out by (1) the pre-professional phase, (2) the autonomous professional phase, (3) the collegial professional phase, but never the post-professional or postmodern phase. The activities are conducted as workshops, including discussions with colleagues, principals, and supervisors. This research recommends conducting continuous supervision and development to improve teachers’ competences in providing equitable services in concordance with the needs of inclusive schools.
Case Study of a Student with Disabilities in a Vocational School during the Period of Online Virtual Classes due to Covid-19
Authors: Svalina Vlasta , Ivić Vlatka
Published: August 2020

In this research we will get an insight into the achievements in mastering foreign languages for one specific student with difficulties. The student with disabilities, the foreign language teacher, the student's mother and the educational rehabilitator participated in the research. The teacher states the support of the inclusive secondary vocational school that the student attends and copes with all challenges. One of the methods used in teaching was mobile learning during the three-month online teaching period of pandemic situation caused by Covid-19. During this period Croatia was forced for the first time in history to implement online teaching. For the purpose of this study all of the students besides this student attended classes in the virtual classroom called Edmodo. Edmodo is the mobile application which is considered as a tool for mobile learning. Mobile learning means that students use their portable devices in order to learn. The interview, used as a method of data collection, was written by participants via email due to the required physical distancing. The materials were then transcribed and a quantitative data analysis was performed. Difficulties in the work of foreign language teachers have been identified, such as lack of experience, lack of teaching assistants as well as lack of additional teaching aids and specific materials and the specific teachers’ training for teaching in the contemporary inclusive school. At the end, the authors suggest guidelines for teachers in vocational schools in adopting new skills and competences in their teaching process in an inclusive school.
Analysis of Students’ Sport Attitude Levels in Vocational School of Health Care Services
Authors: Bal Erdal , Malkoç Nedim
Published: August 2020

This study uses method to determine the levels of sport attitude of vocational school of health students in various health departments. It is important to determine the sports attitude level of university students. Socio-demographic information form of students consisting of 8 items was created to examine the attitude of students studying in the field of exercise, sports and health, which are among the main factors of health. In the second part of the questionnaire, "Sport-Oriented Attitude Scale" was used which is composed of 28 items and 3 sub-dimensions and validity and reliability study of the scale was performed by Şentürk (2015). A total of 382 people, 25.9% male and 74.1% female participated. Results revealed that sport attitude scores of males are higher than females’, and a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.5). Participants who were 28 years old and above had higher scores than others in terms of being interested in sport (p<0.006), giving importance to sport (p<0.027) and doing sport actively (p<0.017) and there was a statistically significant difference between them. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the individuals’ sport status, their income level, place of residence, age and gender.
Finance and Development in Italy, 1870-1913
Authors: Incerpi Andrea , Pistoresi Barbara , Rinaldi Alberto
Published: August 2020

This paper analyses the impact of different sources of financing (foreign capital, migrants’ remittances, and domestic banks intermediation) on Italy’s economic development between 1861 and the World War I. Existing literature has analysed the role of these channels of financial intermediation separately, while this paper for the first time considers them in conjunction. Using IRF from a Cholesky identification structure of a VAR model and relying on an original dataset that combines the most recent series of several financial and economic aggregates, this paper shows that investment in Italy was fuelled by a plurality of sources of funding. A crucial role was played by national saving mobilized by domestic banks and also remittances had a significant impact. Our evidence is instead weaker for foreign capital.
Det umulige er mulig
Authors: Vindenes Urd , Enger Hans-Olav
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen tar for seg spørsmålet om defektivitet i grammatiske mønstre er en absolutt egenskap i seg sjøl. Nærmere bestemt undersøker vi adjektiver som angivelig mangler nøytrumsform og adjektiver som angivelig er be-grensa til predikativ eller attributiv posisjon. Ved hjelp av data fra Leksiko-grafisk bokmålskorpus argumenterer vi for at det er mer fornuftig å forkla-re slike defekte mønstre som konvensjonelt uvanlige snarere enn gramma-tisk umulige.
Proving the consistency of Logic in Lean
Authors: Viana Luiz Carlos Rumbelperger
Published: August 2020

We implement classical first-order logic with equality in the Lean Interactive Theorem Prover (ITP), and prove its soundness relative to the usual semantics. As a corollary, we prove the consistency of the calculus.
Natural Deduction System for the Logic of Binary Relations Based on the Algebraic Tradition
Authors: Cerioli Márcia Rosana , Suguitani Leandro Oliva , Viana Jorge Petrúcio
Published: August 2020

We present a proper natural deduction system (ND-system) for a logic of binary relations based on the algebraic tradition. Our system is an evolution from [W. W. Wadge. TCR 5, The University of Warwick, 1975]. We point out some aspects where Wadge's formalism fails as an ND-system and fix them all.
How Are Fractal Interpolation Functions Related to Several Contractions?
Authors: Ri SongIl , Drakopoulos Vasileios
Published: August 2020

This chapter provides an overview of several types of fractal interpolation functions that are often studied by many researchers and includes some of the latest research made by the authors. Furthermore, it focuses on the connections between fractal interpolation functions resulting from Banach contractions as well as those resulting from Rakotch contractions. Our aim is to give theoretical and practical significance for the generation of fractal (graph of) functions in two and three dimensions for interpolation purposes that are not necessarily associated with Banach contractions.
Review of Current Practice for Temporomandibular Joint Meniscopexy Surgery
Authors: Sheikh Omar , Ali Madadian Matin , Benning Amanveer
Published: August 2020

Disc repositioning for temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a known and established procedure. Indications for the surgery and outcomes vary. A review of the available literature on the indications, surgical technique, and outcomes of TMJ Meniscopexy as a means of management of temporomandibular joint disease was performed. This was carried out using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar and was limited to the past 11 years using key medical search terms relevant to the subject area while being consistent with our exclusion criteria. The search yielded a total of 23 articles containing 3 reviews, 6 technical notes, 11 retrospective studies, and 3 prospective studies. Multiple techniques were described in the literature including arthroscopic techniques (n = 4), open suturing techniques (n = 4), mini-anchor techniques (n = 9), and splint-assisted surgery (n = 1). Several variables were used to determine success including both qualitative and quantitative measures determined clinically, through MRI or via patient questionnaire. When considering various combinations of these functional outcomes, all studies showed a significant improvement post-operatively. This demonstrates the success of disc repositioning procedures as an option in certain cases of TMD. Although there is evidence to show improvement in functional outcomes associated with Meniscopexy as a means of TMD management, there remains to be a lack of high-level evidence to further support this.
Evaluation of High Concentrations of Sugar Beet Molasses as Substrate for Hydrogen and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Productions
Authors: KARS Gökhan , ALPARSLAN Ümmühan
Published: August 2020

Sugar beet molasses is a valuable raw material and it contains high
amount of sugar especially sucrose. Therefore, it could be used as substrate
for the generation of highly valuable chemicals by microorganisms. Here,
considerably high concentrations of molasses were tested for the first time to
investigate if they could enhance the growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001
and generations of hydrogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Firstly, five
distinct growth cultures having sugar contents of 34 g/L, 41 g/L, 48 g/L, 55 g/L and 61 g/L were made ready using molasses. Then,
in batch processes, bacterial growth and generations of hydrogen and 5-ALA were
investigated in these media. As a result, the highest cell growth (OD660:
9.26, 4.54 g cdw/L) to date was achieved in 34 g/L sugar containing medium. Similarly, the highest quantity of 5-ALA
(37.44 mM) to date was attained in the same growth culture. In addition to
these significant improvements, at maximum 21.02 mL (0.42 L H2/L) of
hydrogen was collected from 34 g/L sugar containing medium.
To conclude, using a sugar concentration of 34 g/L yielded the highest
bacterial growth and 5-ALA generation so far. And, it also supported the
generation of considerable amount of hydrogen.
Analysis and Evaluation of The Electromagnetic Field Pollution in Marmara University Başıbüyük Campus Using Gas Discharge Visualization Tehnique According to Different Weather Conditions
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İbrahim , BÖCEKÇİ Veysel Gökhan , AKAR Aynur
Published: August 2020

The continuous development of technology and, accordingly, people's
interest in technological devices is increasing. Electric powered devices
generate electricity and magnetic fields. The intensity of electric and
magnetic fields is restricted by international organizations and limit values
by Turkey's Information Technologies and Communication Authority (BTK). The
values of the electromagnetic field generated by the base stations are
monitored by the BTK. The limit values determined by the BTK are more stringent
than those set by international organizations. The intensity of the
electromagnetic field varies according to the distance and power to the system.
In this study, electromagnetic field pollution in Marmara University Başıbüyük
Campus was analyzed periodically and according to different weather conditions.
Measurements were performed at 19 different points and the results were mapped.
SRM 3006 model selective radiation meter was used in the measurement.
Measurement results were compared with international limit values and
evaluated. The limit value determined by international organizations for the
environment is 61 V/m and the limit value determined by BTK is 42 V/m. 12-day
average electric field is 1.53 V/m for periodical measurements. The average
electric field in sunny weather is 1.9 V/m, 1.28V/m in rainy weather and
1.39V/m in cloudy weather. Gas Discharge Visualization technique was used to
observe the possible changes in the energy and stress situation of the
different electromagnetic field points within the campus. Energy and stress
measurement with this technique was performed with Bio-well device. According
to the measurement results, no change in stress and energy status was observed
Physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of Caucasian tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze) genotypes under cold and frost stress
Authors: Samarina Lidiia S. , Malyukova Lyudmila S. , Efremov Alexander M. , Simonyan Taisiya A. , Matskiv Alexandra O. , Koninskaya Natalia G. , Rakhmangulov Ruslan S. , Gvasaliya Maya V. , Malyarovskaya Valentina I. , Ryndin Alexey V. , Orlov Yuriy L. , Tong Wei , Hanke Magda-Viola
Published: August 2020

Background

Cold and frost are two serious factors limiting the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze). The acclimatization of tea plant from tropical to temperate climate regions resulted in unique germplasm in the North–Western Caucasus with extremely frost-tolerant genotypes.

Methods

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of tolerant and sensitive tea cultivars exposed to cold (0 to +2 °C for 7 days) and frost (−6 to −8 °C for 5 days). Relative water content, cell membranes integrity, pH of the cell sap, water soluble protein, cations, sugars, amino acids were measured under cold and frost. Comparative expression of the following genes ICE1, CBF1, WRKY2, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7 were analyzed.

Results

We found elevated protein (by 3–4 times) and cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium) contents in the leaves of both cultivars under cold and frost treatments. Meanwhile, Leu, Met, Val, Thr, Ser were increased under cold and frost, however tolerant cv. Gruzinskii7 showed earlier accumulation of these amino acids. Out of 18 studied genes, 11 were expressed at greater level in the frost- tolerant cultivar comparing with frost-sensitive one: ICE1, CBF1, WRKY2, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3, bHLH43, P5CSandLOX6. Positive correlations between certain amino acids namely, Met, Thr, Leu and Ser and studied genes were found. Taken together, the revealed cold responses in Caucasian tea cultivars help better understanding of tea tolerance to low temperature stress and role of revealed metabolites need to be further evaluated in different tea genotypes.
Knowledge about Teratogenic Drugs among Dentists - A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Reshmi B. , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Velayudhan Ashok , Pandurangan Kirankumar
Published: August 2020

Teratogen is any agent that might interfere with the proper growth and development of the embryo or foetus. Teratogens usually involve radiation, cancer, chemicals, and drugs. Comprehension of teratogenic drugs is of great value to dental practitioners because they handle a wide range of drugs that cause teratogenicity in the care of patients with dental problems during pregnancy. The aim of this survey is to assess the awareness among dentists of teratogenic drugs.  The study was conducted among 100 final year dental students and interns in Chennai City. 10 questions eliciting information on the knowledge and understanding of teratogenic drugs were framed and distributed. The responses obtained from the participants were compiled, processed further, and analyzed. 83%  of the participants were aware of teratogenic drugs. This study concluded that knowledge about teratogenic drugs is adequate among dental students.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Radiation Protection among Dental Students
Authors: Kuzhalvaimozhi P. , Vadivel Jayanth Kumar
Published: August 2020

Radiology is one the key cornerstone of investigation in Dentistry. The application of radiology in Dental practice has grown by leaps and bounds in the years gone by. Along with this there is an increase in the number of radiation hazards.  The effect of  radiation  on  human  beings  is  very  negative. This survey was conducted with the intent of studying the awareness and knowledge of radiation protection in practice. The survey consisted of 10 closed ended questions which were circulated among 100 interns of a dental college. The data collected was entered into microsoft excel and the data was analysed for an association between the gender and the responses using Chi-square analysis. The majority of the participants were females and they believed that radiation causes harm to humans and surprisingly they had also believed that ionised radiation remains suspended in the air after making a radiographic exposure where there was no statistically significant difference between the genders(p>0.05). The questions also assessed whether a clinical examination is advised before a radiographic examination and the majority were of the view it is necessary which was statistically significant(p<0.05). From this study we could infer that students are well aware of the adverse effects of radiation but in terms of safety practices being followed in Dental clinics, there are some pitfalls noticeable.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Root Canal Sealer against Common Endodontic Pathogens - An in vitro Study
Authors: Hemmanur Srujana , Nasim Iffat
Published: August 2020

Infection caused by microorganisms play a crucial role in the induction of inflammation of pulpal as well as the periapical tissues. Factors like improper disinfection or obturation of the root canal space contributes to the failure of the root canal treatment. The aim of the study was to modify the contents of MTA-based sealer with nanoparticles and check for its antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis. Silver nanoparticles (10 nm) were incorporated in MTA based sealer at various concentrations to form the test product. The antibacterial efficacy of the modified sealer was tested by well diffusion test on E. faecalis. The zone of inhibition (mm) was checked for each test product. Analysis of the results showed significant diameters of zones of inhibition (mm) as compared to sealer without nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition increased with the increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle incorporated sealer can be used in the clinical setup to prevent reinfection of the root canal system and ensure the success of the root canal treatment.
Genetic Aberrations in Caspase Family of Genes and Their Possible Association with HNSCC
Authors: Nirubama K. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Paramasivam A. , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: August 2020

The cell suicide pathway of apoptosis is a necessary event in the life of multicellular organisms. It is involved in many biological processes ranging from development to the immune response. Over expression of interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (later renamed caspase-1) was shown to be sufficient to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. The present study aims to assess the gene alterations in the Caspase family of cytochromes so as to derive an association with HNSCC. Earlier eleven genes were found in the human genome to encode 11 human caspases, caspase-1 to caspase-10 and caspase-14, which is now populated to 13, whereas 10 genes were found in the mouse genome to encode 10 murine caspases including caspase-1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 14. Caspases share a number of features distinguishable from other proteases. The analysis follows an observational study design, employing several computational tools to identify and predict the possible outcomes of gene alterations identified in HNSCC patients. cBioportal server was used to identify the gene alterations which was further analyzed using tools such as PROVEAN, I-Mutant and gnomAD. Several reported polymorphic variants were also identified. The pathogenicity and protein stability of gene alterations documented in the present study were identified at standard biological conditions. Further experimental studies would provide concrete evidence on the association of the observed genetic abnormalities with HNSCC especially in individuals exposed to habitual carcinogens.
Awareness of Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Blood Sugar Levels - A Survey
Authors: Aditya B. Sachin , Priya Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a spice utilized in Ayurveda, the conventional medication of India. Its root has a horsey smell (in Sanskrit, ashva signifies "horse" and gandha signifies "smell") and is said to present the quality and virility of a pony. Different pieces of the   plant are utilized, yet the most well-known in supplements is a concentrate of its underlying foundations.

Aim: aim of this study is to compare and assess the awareness among people on the effects of ashwagandha on blood sugar levels.

Materials and Methods: A well structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was circulated among Indian population. The questionnaire has covered basic demographic data such as age, gender, weight, blood pressure and about the awareness of effects of ashwagandha on blood sugar levels.

Conclusion: From the above outcomes, it might be presumed that the Withania somnifera root extract can reduce blood sugar levels. It's mindfulness among individuals must be expanded.
Assessment of Acidogenicity of Commercially Available Biscuits on Salivary pH - An in vivo Study
Authors: Vivek Babu B. , Prabakar Jayashri
Published: August 2020

Saliva is a complex secretion consisting of 99% of water and remaining 1% of organic and inorganic molecules. Sucrose and starches are the predominant dietary carbohydrates in modern societies. Among all the foods consumed by children, chocolates and biscuits are the most common. Therefore this present in vivo study was conducted to assess the acidogenic effect of commercially available biscuits on salivary pH among 10 to 15 years old children. Study Design used in the study was In Vivo clinical study (Pilot Trail). The population collected in the survey was children between the age group of 10 - 15 years old children. 4 Groups were considered and 10 in each group. Group 1: Hide and Seek, Group 2: Good Day, Group 3: Dream and Cream, Group 4: Oreo. Sampling method used in the study was conducted as simple random sampling. Ethical approval of the study was obtained from Saveetha Institutional Review Board. Informed consent of the children were obtained from the parents. Descriptive statistics were expressed by means of mean and standard deviation. Shapiro Wilks test used to test the normality of the data set. Kruskal Wallis test was used to find the difference in mean Salivary pH between the groups and within the groups at Baseline, Immediate and after 15 min, 30 mins. A statistically significant difference in mean Salivary pH was observed between the groups at Immediate and after 30 mins (p<0.05). The mean Salivary pH was significantly dropped in Oreo, Dream cream and Hide & Seek groups at various time-periods. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that maximum drop in mean salivary pH was observed in Group IV followed by Group II and Group I. It was observed that in all the groups, the pH gradually got back to near normal levels due to the buffering mechanism of saliva.
Effect of Two Different Mouth Rinses on S. mutans Counts in Subjects Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment – A Pilot Study
Authors: Abirami S. , Kumar Jain Ravindra , Girija A. S. Smiline
Published: August 2020

The study is thus aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash with Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque accumulation around orthodontic brackets. A total of 20 patients were considered in this study randomly assigned into Group I (experimental group - Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash) and Group II (reference group-0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash). The plaque index scores were recorded in each individual at baseline (pre) and after 3 weeks (post). Dental plaque samples were collected around the orthodontic brackets at the cervical region of maxillary upper molars and lower incisors by cotton swabbing method and evaluated for the presence of microflora. Paired sample t-test for Streptococcus mutans count showed that statistically significant difference only within the group II (p=0.000) (Chlorhexidine group) and there was no significant difference within the group I (p=0.103) (Herbostra group). Paired sample t-test for plaque index score shows statistically significant difference within the groups (0.000).Independent t test showed statistically significant difference in the levels of  Streptococcus mutans count after 3 weeks between the two groups (p=0.000) with the mean values of (2.230±0.5056), (1.080±0.3458) in group I and group II respectively. From this study we concluded that, even though there was a reduction in plaque scores and S. mutans count with Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash but it was not as effective as Chlorhexidine mouth rinse.
Effect of Streptococcal IgY on Quantity of Streptococcus mutans in High Caries Risk Children
Authors: Mary Ditty J. , Mathew Mebin George
Published: August 2020

Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as a condition of one or more of decayed, missing, and filling in teeth (dmft) of children aging less than 71 months or even younger. Prevalence and severity of ECC is still high in some countries. Aim of this study to evaluate the effect of streptococcal IgY on the quantity of Streptococcus mutans in high caries risk children. 20 children aged 3-5 years were selected from the Department of Pedodontics of which 10 children were with high caries experience and 10 were controls who were caries free. Saliva swabs were taken from  the occlusal surface of primary second molars and microbial count was  counted using mitis salivarius bactaracinagar. High risk caries were given one No decayTM tablet morning and evening for 15 days. Swabs were taken before intervention and than 1 month, 2 months and 3 months post intervention. Streptococcus mutans count was significantly reduced in patients who have taken no decay tablets. Within the limits of the study, we found that streptococcal IgY was able to reduced streptococcus mutans count after 2 months. There was no statistically significant difference in  Streptococcus mutans count between high caries risk children and caries free children after 3 months.
Knowledge and Awareness about Antibiotic Usage and Emerging Drug Resistance Bacteria among Dental Students
Authors: Pushpaanjali G. , Geetha R. V. , Lakshmi T.
Published: August 2020

Antibiotics are commonly used in dental practice. It has been estimated that 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions are related with dental infection. Antibiotic treatment is a feature of pharmacotherapy with the particularity of providing both prophylactic and curative action. It was introduced in the mid twentieth century in the form of sulfa drug (1935), penicillin (1941), tetracycline (1948) and erythromycin (1952). Since then, antibiotics have focused much clinical and pharmacological research, in response antibiotics, the consolidation of new disease, and novel clinical situations.to “Penicilin antibiotics are commonly use in dental practice. Amoxicillin, metronidozole and clavulanate are frequently prescribed drugs by dentists.” The aim of this study is to create knowledge and awareness about antibiotic usage and emerging drug resistance bacteria among dental students. The Questionnaires had been prepared and distributed to 100 participants of dental students. The resulting data have been analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated. Most of the participants in the survey were aware about antibiotic use and emerging drug resistance bacteria. From this present study, it can be concluded that the participants are aware about antibiotic usage and drug resistance bacteria.
Assessment of Nicotine Dependence Using Fagerstrom Test among Patients with Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Prashaanthi N. , Dharman Sreedevi
Published: August 2020

Tobacco consumption has an influence on the oral mucosa and causes oral malignancy in the due time. On assessing nicotine dependence, appropriate counselling can be given to prevent further progression of the habit. Aim of this study was to assess the nicotine dependence levels among patients with potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) using fagerstrom test. This study included 140 patients from October 2019 to January 2020 in a dental hospital. Variables such as age, gender, tobacco form and lesion were assessed. Descriptive and chi square statistics were performed. Out of 140 patients, higher prevalence with tobacco usage were among 41-50 years (40%), 94.29% were males and 5.71% were females, 16.43% had low dependency, 52.86% had medium dependency and 30.71% had high dependency. Association between   age; nicotine dependency in patients with and without lesion p=0.000(p<0.05), statistically significant. Association between gender and patients with and without lesions p=0.151(p>0.05), statistically not significant. Within the limitations of the present study, males had higher prevalence of tobacco use among 41-50 years. Patients with potentially malignant disorders and smokers without lesion had medium dependence while smokeless tobacco users without lesion had a high dependence.
Knowledge and Awareness on Silver Diamine Fluoride among Paediatric Dentists and Post Graduates in India - A Survey
Authors: Balaji V. , Mathew Mebin George
Published: August 2020

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topically applied liquid that has been used to treat tooth hypersensitivity and arrest cavitated carious lesions. Lesion arrest can be achieved by painting the cavitated lesion with the SDF liquid without removing any infected soft dentin. SDF can serve as an alternative, particularly for patients who cannot tolerate traditional dental treatment, and can reduce the need for dental care to be performed under general anesthesia, with its associated health risks. The aims of this study were to assess Indian pediatric dentist’s SDF educational experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior and to explore the relationships among these constructs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 paediatric dentists and post graduates by asking them to take up a survey. All dentists from India. were invited to participate in the survey. An online multiple-choice and fill-in response questionnaire was created in Google Forms. Questions. The data obtained were compiled systematically and then statistically analyzed. Survey responses were received from 100 members. The data showed that 41% percent of respondents under 40 years of age in our study. Out of the 100 respondents were male (53%) than female (47%). The respondents ranged in age from 26 to 65 years; they had graduated from their BDS /MDS program. A lack of self-reported knowledge was most frequently reported concerning whether a restoration must be placed after SDF treatment even if SDF is being reapplied twice per year, whether SDF can be used on root caries lesions, and under which codes SDF treatment can be billed.
Awareness on Herbal Mouthwash among Dental Students
Authors: Sivakumar Nathasha , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Pandurangan Kiran Kumar , Velayudhan Ashok
Published: August 2020

Background: Plaque is the main factor responsible for dental diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Dentists play a vital role in the maintenance of oral hygiene and prescribing mouthwash of plaque control agents is of greater value. This study carried out the awareness of herbal mouthwash among dental students and knows about the herbal mouthwash in detail

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of herbal mouthwash among Dental students.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by assessing responses to 10 selected questions related to herbal mouthwash through a survey planet among 100 dental students. The results were studied and analyzed.

Results: In this present survey, Awareness of dental students related to herbal mouth wash, only 67% answered only peppermint oil is used in herbal mouth wash. While 9% said it has only cinnamon oil and 3% of them said it has lavender oil and 21% answered it has all of the essential oil mentioned. About 8% of the students said herbal mouthwash only has antibacterial effects. While 12% answered for antimicrobial effect, 6% answered for anti-inflammatory effect and the rest of 24% of the students said it has an antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusion: Awareness on herbal mouthwash for general oral health among dental students is still below the satisfactory level. Awareness of the herbal mouthwash for maintaining good oral hygiene needs to be enhanced among dental students.
A Study on the Performance of Existing Fire Dampers Related to Introduction of Performance Accreditation System for Fire Dampers
Authors: Seo Heewon , Choi Dongho , Kang Eunsoo , Kim Daehoi , Park Sooyoung
Published: August 2020

In relation to the introduction of a performance accreditation system for fire dampers, existing domestic fire damper performance was evaluated with respect to related regulations and the system operation required were considered. From the performance evaluation, it was judged that manufacturer efforts to improve the structure of fire dampers are necessary to improve performance and the relevant regulations must be supplemented. Strategies to implement new regulations may include evaluation of the heat-detecting fire dampers and introducing novel equipment for fire-fighting.
Development of the Wide Area Fire Support System in Korea
Authors: Choi Hyeongho , Lee Euipyeong
Published: August 2020

In the event of a large-scale disaster, Korea's wide-area fire support system (WFSS) mobilizes the same personnel and equipment regardless of the type and characteristics of the disaster. Support resources are inefficient for operation with equal mobilization without considering disaster-caused areas and the scope of support. Therefore, the status of the operation of the Emergency Fire Response Team for Disaster Response in Japan, which has developed a rational disaster response system due to frequent earthquakes, was compared and analyzed to demonstrate the direction of the development of the WFSS in Korea. The WFSS should be organized in such a way that the units suitable for the type and characteristics of disasters are mobilized and resources should be regularly provided with a registration and management system. The command of the support unit should form a command system linked to the operation of the existing emergency rescue control group; however, it should strengthen mutual training in close cooperation with related organizations in preparation for complex disasters. In principle, budgets used in response to disasters should be the responsibility of the state. The above-mentioned improvements should be made effective by legislating the “Mobilization Ordinance,” which is the nature of the current National Fire Agency's guidelines, into the Framework Act on Firefighting and Framework Act on Disaster and Safety Management.
Study on the Design Settlement of Over-Consolidated Clay for a Complex Development
Authors: Kim Jiseong , Im Eun-Sang , Kang Sei-Yeon , Kang Gichun
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the consolidation settlement characteristics of the west coast, where overconsolidation has occurred, and to identify the problems of existing consolidation design through field tests and the re-evaluation of design parameters. The settlement ratio (measurement settlement/design settlement) obtained using the existing design method was calculated to be 56.0%; however, the settlement ratio obtained through the re-evaluation of the preconsolidation stress and compression index suggested in this study was 95.6-96.6%. It was applicable to the west coast region, where the condition of overconsolidation developed. In addition, the consolidation test curve of the low-plasticity silt ground in the west coast region showed a rounded curve with no clear inflection point. It was difficult to determine the preconsolidation stress when applying the Casagrande method, and it tended to be underestimated. Analysis showed that it is preferable to apply the compression index obtained from the compaction curve as it is, rather than to apply Schmertmann's modified compression index.
Effects of workplaces receiving “accreditation of health workplaces” on breastfeeding promotion, parental leave, and gender equality
Authors: Lin Wei-Ting , Hsieh Chia-Chen , Chang Fong-Ching , Wang Chao-Ling , Lin Chia-I , Chuang Hung-Yi
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Work is often a barrier for women to continue breastfeeding after they have given birth. Breastfeeding support is an important part of workplace health promotion. We investigated the implementation of breastfeeding promotion and gender equality polices in workplaces with the Taiwan Badge of Accredited Healthy Workplace.

Methods

Our samples consisted of 1648 corporations with the badge of Accredited Healthy Workplace issued by the Bureau of Health Promotion from 2007 to 2008. Concomitantly, 2000 corporations without accreditation were randomly selected from the National Business Directory as the control group. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to examine the association with breast-feeding promotion and other variables in Taiwanese workplaces.

Results

Members of accredited group of 1089/1648 (66.1%) and the control group of 526/2000 (26.3%) responded to the questionnaire. The accredited companies had more mother-friendly settings, including breastfeeding policies and documents, appropriate breastmilk preserving equipment and settings in the workplace. In the accredited group, breastfeeding rate of mothers returning to work after giving birth was 64.3% in 2008 (1 year after giving birth) and 60.4% in 2009 (1 year after giving birth), while the rate of the control group was 59.1% in 2008 and 51% in 2009.

Conclusion

Accredited corporations are better at breastfeeding support than those of the control group. This might be related to the company size, location, and the implementation of tobacco control and/or occupational health promotion policies, which may increase awareness of healthy workplaces and influence maternal protection positively.