bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐Controlled Direct γ‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Li Bijin , Lawrence Brianna , Li Guigen , Ge Haibo
Published: November 2019

The first example of PdII‐catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H functionalization of aliphatic and benzoheteroaryl aldehydes has been developed using a transient ligand and an external ligand, concurrently. A wide array of γ‐arylated aldehydes were readily accessed without preinstalling internal directing groups. The catalytic mechanism was studied by performing deuterium‐labelling experiments, which indicated that the γ‐C(sp3)−H bond cleavage is the rate‐limiting step during the reaction process. This reaction could be performed on a gram scale, and also demonstrated its potential application in the synthesis of new mechanofluorochromic materials with blue‐shifted mechanochromic properties.
C−H Oxygenation Reactions Enabled by Dual Catalysis with Electrogenerated Hypervalent Iodine Species and Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Massignan Leonardo , Tan Xuefeng , Meyer Tjark H. , Kuniyil Rositha , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: November 2019

The catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents by anodic electrooxidation was orchestrated towards an unprecedented electrocatalytic C−H oxygenation of weakly coordinating aromatic amides and ketones. Thus, catalytic quantities of iodoarenes in concert with catalytic amounts of ruthenium(II) complexes set the stage for versatile C−H activations with ample scope and high functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation substantiate the role of the iodoarene as the electrochemically relevant species towards C−H oxygenations with electricity as a sustainable oxidant and molecular hydrogen as the sole by‐product. para‐Selective C−H oxygenations likewise proved viable in the absence of directing groups.
Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of some piperonyl‐based 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives
Authors: Genc Bilgicli Hayriye , Taslimi Parham , Akyuz Busra , Tuzun Burak , Gulcin İlhami
Published: November 2019

Heterocyclic compounds are of particular importance among pharmacologically active compounds. In this study, some piperonyl‐based 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives (2a–i) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic assays. All molecules were tested as enzyme inhibitory factors. These compounds were effective inhibitors of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly), and the human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), with Ki values in the range of 8.90–66.51 nM for α‐Gly, 94.8–289.5 nM for hCA I, 106.3–304.6 nM for hCA II, and 0.55–2.36 nM for AChE. The synthesized molecules were also studied theoretically. Molecular docking calculations were performed to investigate the interaction between the target protein and molecules. CA inhibitor compounds have been clinically used for almost 60 years as antiglaucoma and diuretic drugs. The inhibition of the AChE enzyme results in the blockage of ACh hydrolysis. On the contrary, the design of inhibitor compounds or/and modulators for AChE is of major interest as it is one of the most popular tools to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
Ökologische Nachhaltigkeit von Großumbaumaschinen bei Ober‐ und Unterbausanierungen von Bahntrassen
Authors: Gschösser Florian , Lumetzberger Dominik , Burtscher Eugen , Tautschnig Arnold
Published: November 2019

Diese Studie untersucht die ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale von Eisenbahnober‐ und ‐unterbausanierungen mit Großbaumaschinen (Aushubmaschine (AHM), Schnellumbauzug (SUZ) und Gleisstopfmaschine), wozu ein ökobilanzieller Vergleich zu Sanierungen mit konventionellem Erdbau (Bagger, Planierraupe, Walze und Lkw) durchgeführt wird. Als Fallstudie wird ein Abschnitt des Projekts Lustenau–Lauterach der ÖBB herangezogen. Die Studie untersucht relevante Prozesse bis zur Fertigstellung der Sanierung, d. h. vom Rückbau bis zur Materialproduktion, dem Materialtransport bis hin zum Einbau der notwendigen Materialien. Dabei werden Unterschiede bzgl. Treibstoffverbrauch der Baumaschinen, Anteilen an der Maschinenproduktion (Verhältnis Baudauer zu Lebensdauer der Maschine), Materialrecycling, Materialtransport und Transportlogistik bzw. Schienenersatzverkehr in Abhängigkeit von notwendigen Streckensperren untersucht. Die Gegenüberstellung der Ökobilanzergebnisse zeigt für die Großbaumaschinenvariante Vorteile von bis zu 46 % an reduzierten Umweltbelastungen, obwohl die Großbaumaschinen aufgrund ihrer höheren Motorleistung einen höheren Bedarf an Treibstoff für die Herstellungsprozesse benötigen. Die Verlagerung der Materialtransporte auf die Schiene, die Vermeidung der Notwendigkeit einer Baustraße, die Möglichkeit der Materialaufbereitung in der AHM und eine Verkürzung der Streckensperre bewirken jedoch einen positiven ökologischen Effekt, welcher den Mehrverbrauch an Diesel für die Herstellungsprozesse kompensiert.
In vitro and in vivo methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug– drug interactions in drug discovery and development
Authors: Lu Chuang , Di Li
Published: November 2019

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the co‐administration of multiple drugs are major safety concerns in the clinic. Several drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to perpetrator or victim DDIs. Strategies have been developed to assess DDI risks early in drug discovery to reduce DDI liabilities. High‐to‐medium throughput assays are available to identify undesirable scaffolds and to guide structural modifications to minimize DDIs. Definitive methods are used at later stages of drug discovery and development to provide a more accurate measurement of DDI parameters and to enable clinical translations. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations are powerful tools to accurately predict DDIs and to assess risks in the clinic. Although significant advances have been made over the years, many challenges remain for clinical DDI translations. This includes DDIs involving non‐cytochrome P450 enzymes, transporters, enzyme‐transporter interplay, indirect effects from biologics, and pharmacodynamic based DDI. This review focuses on methods that are used to assess hepatic DDIs caused by enzyme inhibition and induction.
Ubiquitin Signaling Regulates RNA Biogenesis, Processing, and Metabolism
Authors: Thapa Pankaj , Shanmugam Nilesh , Pokrzywa Wojciech
Published: November 2019

The fate of eukaryotic proteins, from their synthesis to destruction, is supervised by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is the primary pathway responsible for selective proteolysis of intracellular proteins, which is guided by covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins by E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating), and E3 (ligating) enzymes in a process known as ubiquitylation. The UPS can also regulate protein synthesis by influencing multiple steps of RNA (ribonucleic acid) metabolism. Here, recent publications concerning the interplay between the UPS and different types of RNA are reviewed. This interplay mainly involves specific RNA‐binding E3 ligases that link RNA‐dependent processes with protein ubiquitylation. The emerging understanding of their modes of RNA binding, their RNA targets, and their molecular and cellular functions are primarily focused on. It is discussed how the UPS adapted to interact with different types of RNA and how RNA molecules influence the ubiquitin signaling components.
Structural and Biochemical Insight into the Recruitment of Acyl Carrier Protein‐Linked Extender Units in Ansamitocin Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Fa , Ji Huining , Ali Imtiaz , Deng Zixin , Bai Linquan , Zheng Jianting
Published: November 2019

A few acyltransferase (AT) domains of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) recruit acyl carrier protein (ACP)‐linked extender units with unusual C2 substituents to confer functionalities that are not available in coenzyme A (CoA)‐linked ones. In this study, an AT specific for methoxymalonyl (MOM)‐ACP in the third module of the ansamitocin PKS was structurally and biochemically characterized. The AT uses a conserved tryptophan residue at the entrance of the substrate binding tunnel to discriminate between different carriers. A W275R mutation switches its carrier specificity from the ACP to the CoA molecule. The acyl‐AT complex structures clearly show that the MOM‐ACP accepted by the AT has the 2S instead of the opposite 2R stereochemistry that is predicted according to the biosynthetic derivation from a d‐glycolytic intermediate. Together, these results reveal the structural basis of ATs recognizing ACP‐linked extender units in polyketide biosynthesis.
Disruption of the dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Shiraishi Tatsunori , Shibata Yoshie , Owada Momoko , Suzuki Shunji
Published: November 2019

Disruption of the dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic twins is associated with a higher incidence of prematurity and neonatal morbidity. In the present case, a cramped fragment of the dividing membrane could be noted following fetoscopic laser photocoagulation.
Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects
Authors: Kakehashi Erina , Muramatsu Keiichi , Hibino Haruo
Published: November 2019

In this study, our aim is to clarify the color combination rules of the human‐preferred Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects. A set of 118 butterfly images, including color polyphenism from the 47 Papilionidae species that are generally preferred by humans, was selected. These images were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on similarities of lightness, chroma, and hue attributes in CIELAB space, determined using histogram intersection. Then, the color distributions and combinations in each cluster were analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and the color combination types defined in the present study. Accordingly, we obtained the following main color combination rules of human‐preferred Papilionidae: (a) dominant low lightness and contrasting lightness components, (b) dominant low chroma and similar chroma components, and (c) dominant orange to yellow‐green hue and similar hue components. These rules partly agree with the robust harmony principles found in previous research. We infer that the cognitive effects concerning the processing fluency through these color combination rules influence human aesthetic responses.
Zeolite Structure Direction: Identification, Strength and Involvement of Weak CH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Mineva Tzonka , Dib Eddy , Gaje Arnold , Petitjean Hugo , Bantignies Jean‐Louis , Alonso Bruno
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate that weak CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds (HBs) are important host−guest interactions in zeolite assemblies involving structure directing organocations. This type of HB is identified between alkyl groups of the organic structure directing agent (OSDA) and the silica framework in as‐synthesized silicalite‐1 of complex topology (MFI) using a combination of experimental and theoretical data obtained at low and room temperatures. The 28 weak CH⋅⋅⋅O HBs, evidenced along dynamics simulation at room temperature, represent 30 % of the energy of the Coulomb electrostatic interaction between OSDA and the zeolite framework. The strongest and most stable HB found here connects the OSDA to the [415262] cage containing F atoms and should contribute to preserve zeolite topology during crystal growth. An inspection of other as‐synthesized zeolites of very different framework topology indicates that the directional CH⋅⋅⋅O HBs have to be considered when discussing zeolite structure directing phenomena.
A diet high in fat and fructose adversely affects osseointegration of titanium implants in rats
Authors: King Shalinie , Baptiston Tanaka Carina , Ross Dean , Kruzic Jamie J. , Levinger Itamar , Klineberg Iven , Brennan‐Speranza Tara C.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Diet‐induced metabolic dysfunction such as type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of implant failure in both dental and orthopaedic settings. We hypothesised that a diet high in fat and fructose would adversely affect peri‐implant bone structure and function including osseointegration.

Materials and methods

Thirty female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10), control group (normal chow) and two intervention groups on a high‐fat (60%), high‐fructose (20%; HFHF) diet. Titanium implants were placed in the proximal tibial metaphysis in all groups either before commencing the diet (dHFHF group) or 6 weeks after commencing the diet (HFHF group) and observed for an 8‐week healing period. Fasting blood glucose levels (fBGLs) were measured weekly. Structural and functional features of the peri‐implant bone, including bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), were analysed post euthanasia using microcomputed tomography, pull‐out tests, and dynamic histomorphometry.

Results

The fBGLs were unchanged across all groups. Peri‐implant trabecular bone volume was reduced in the HFHF group compared with controls (p = .02). Percentage BIC was reduced in both HFHF group (25.42 ± 3.61) and dHFHF group (28.56 ± 4.07) compared with the control group (43.26 ± 3.58, p < .05) and reflected the lower pull‐out loads required in those groups. Osteoblast activity was reduced in both intervention groups compared with the control group (p < .05).

Conclusion

The HFHF diet compromised osseointegration regardless of whether the implant was placed before or after the onset of the diet and, despite the absence of elevated fBGLs, confirming that changes in bone cell function affected both the initiation and maintenance of osseointegration independent of blood glucose levels.
From the Cradle to the Grave of an Infection: Host‐Pathogen Interaction Visualized by Intravital Microscopy
Authors: Handschuh Juliane , Amore Jonas , Müller Andreas J.
Published: November 2019

During infections, interactions between host immune cells and the pathogen occur in distinct anatomical locations and along defined time scales. This can best be assessed in the physiological context of an infection in the living tissue. Consequently, intravital imaging has enabled us to dissect the critical phases and events throughout an infection in real time in living tissues. Specifically, advances in visualizing specific cell types and individual pathogens permitted tracking the early events of tissue invasion of the pathogen, cellular interactions involved in the induction of the immune response as well the events implicated in clearance of the infection. In this respect, two vantage points have evolved since the initial employment of this technique in the field of infection biology. On the one hand, strategies acquired by the pathogen to establish within the host and circumvent or evade the immune defenses have been elucidated. On the other hand, analyzing infections from the immune system's perspective has led to insights into the dynamic cellular interactions that are involved in the initial recognition of the pathogen, immune induction as well as effector function delivery and immunopathology. Furthermore, an increasing interest in probing functional parameters in vivo has emerged, such as the analysis of pathogen reactivity to stress conditions imposed by the host organism in order to mediate clearance upon pathogen encounter. Here, we give an overview on recent intravital microscopy findings of host‐pathogen interactions along the course of an infection, from both the immune system's and pathogen's perspectives. We also discuss recent developments and future perspectives in extracting intravital information beyond the localization of pathogens and their interaction with immune cells. Such reporter systems on the pathogen's physiological state and immune cell functions may prove useful in dissecting the functional dynamics of host‐pathogen interactions. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Selective Formation of Epoxylimonene Catalyzed by Phosphonyl/Arsonyl Derivatives of Trivacant Polyoxotungstates at Low Temperature
Authors: Makrygenni Ourania , Vanmairis Louise , Taourit Sabrina , Launay Franck , Shum Cheong Sing Alain , Proust Anna , Gérard Hélène , Villanneau Richard
Published: November 2019

The catalytic performances of three organophosphonyl/arsonyl derivatives of POMs were evaluated for the epoxidation of limonene in acetonitrile, using aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant. All three W‐based POMs catalysts operated without any additional transition‐metal ions and displayed excellent conversion for limonene at temperatures varying from 4 to 50 °C. Furthermore, the use of B,α‐[NaHAsW9O33{P(O)R}2]3– (R = tBu, ‐CH2CH2CO2H) complexes led to the complete conversion of limonene to epoxylimonene at 4 °C. The selectivity of the reaction was modulated by varying the reaction solvent, and it was found that allylic reactions were favored in ethanol. The effect of the catalyst protonation was also investigated by DFT calculations, highlighting the role of protons in the epoxidation process.
Dendritic Ligands for Magnetic Suspensions in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Hähsler Martin , Behrens Silke
Published: November 2019

The synthesis of long‐chain, aliphatic and space filling dendritic ligands containing (pro)mesogenic, aliphatic or nitrile biphenyl moieties for the stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid crystal hosts is described. A Negishi or Sonogashira cross‐coupling is exploited as a key step in the synthetic sequence. These synthetic procedures enable the synthesis of various ligands which can be easily adapted to different types of liquid crystals [e.g. 4‐pentyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyl (5CB)]. For instance, a three‐step sequence (i.e. etherfication, Sonogashira–Hagihara cross‐coupling and Steglich‐esterfication) yields a dendritic ligand in 77 % overall yield starting from literature known compounds. The length of the ligand is important to stabilize the magnetic nanoparticles, and, therefore, the length of the ligand may be easily modified by this approach. Indeed, the established synthesis can readily tackle this issue.
2‐Aryl‐2,4‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones as a New Platform for the Design and Synthesis of Biosensors and Chemosensors
Authors: Eltyshev Alexander K. , Minin Artem S. , Smoliuk Leonid T. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P.
Published: November 2019

2‐Aryl‐2,4‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones (DTPs), which may be considered as analogues of 8‐azapurines, were synthesised. Their structural aspects in the ground and excited states, electronic distributions, and non‐covalent intramolecular interactions were studied using time‐dependent density functional theory. Photophysical investigations demonstrated the variability of the absorption and emission parameters of the DTPs depending on their structure, microenvironment, and external stimuli. The aggregation‐induced emission enhancement effect was confirmed by studying the emission of DTPs in the solid state and by spectral titrations in H2O‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and EtOH‐DMSO mixtures. Further investigation revealed the selective sensitivity of DTPs to acids, which strongly depended on their structure. Reversible interactions were found between the DTPs and HCl and subsequently triethylamine, both as vapour stimuli and in solution. Cell imaging experiments showed the potential of the DTPs in fluorescence microscopy bioimaging applications. These findings show that DTPs can be used to fabricate bio‐ and chemosensors.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Furans through In Situ Formation of Allenes and Enolization Cascade
Authors: Bernhard Yann , Gilbert Joachim , Bousquet Till , Favrelle‐Huret Audrey , Zinck Philippe , Pellegrini Sylvain , Pelinski Lydie
Published: November 2019

A one‐pot synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted furans from γ‐ketoacids is reported. In situ formation of allenoates by action of chloroformate on carboxylic acid following by enolization of ketone affords furan derivatives by cyclization. The reaction was extended to a wide scope of ketoacids and phosphonium salts. This methodology was applied on levulinic acid and derivatives, one of the biosourced platform chemicals.
Positive intergroup contact decreases the likelihood that prejudicial attitudes become avoidant behavioral tendencies
Authors: Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Turnuklu Abbas , Tercan Mustafa
Published: November 2019

We investigated whether existing intergroup contact experiences moderated the associations between prejudicial attitudes and behavioral tendencies towards outgroups across five studies in Turkey (total N = 1,281). Findings showed that among Turks who reported higher levels of cross‐group friendship quantity (Study 1) and greater positive (but not negative) contact (Study 2) with Kurds, prejudicial attitudes did not predict negative outgroup behavioral tendencies. Confirming these studies, Study 3 indicated that the association between homophobic attitudes and outgroup avoidance/approach tendencies was weaker among individuals who reported more LGBTI friends. Study 4 replicated the latter finding among children using Syrians as the target outgroup. Study 5 further showed that the buffering role of intergroup contact occurred only among participants who held less certain attitudes towards Syrian refugees. Findings provide insights into how existing contact experiences shape the relationship between negative attitudes towards outgroups and relevant behavioral intentions.
Comparative energy analysis from fire resistance tests on combustible versus noncombustible slabs
Authors: Bartlett Alastair I. , McNamee Robert , Robert Fabienne , Bisby Luke A.
Published: November 2019

Standard fire resistance tests have been used in the design of structural building elements for more than a century. Originally developed to provide comparative measures of the level of fire safety of noncombustible products and elements, the recent resurgence in engineered timber construction raises important questions regarding the suitability of standard fire resistance tests for combustible structural elements. Three standard fire resistance floor tests (5.9 m × 3.9 m in plan), one on a concrete slab and two on cross‐laminated timber (CLT) slabs, were undertaken to explore some of the relevant issues. The fuel consumption rate within the furnace was recorded during these tests, and the energy supplied from this was determined. An external fuel supply (from natural gas supplied to the furnace) equating to approximately 3 MW was recorded throughout the concrete test, whereas this was about 1.25 MW throughout the CLT tests. The total heat release rate was calculated using carbon dioxide generation calorimetry; this yielded values of approximately 1.75 MW during the CLT tests (ie, an additional energy contribution of approximately 0.5 MW from the timber). This demonstrates that considerably more energy input (by about 1.25 MW) was needed to heat the system when the test sample was noncombustible. A further series of six large‐scale compartment fire experiments (6 m × 4 m × 2.52 m) was undertaken to further explore comparative performance of combustible versus noncombustible construction when the external fuel load is kept constant and is governed by more realistic compartment fire dynamics. For a fuel‐controlled case, the peak temperatures in the compartment with an unprotected CLT ceiling were approximately 200°C higher than in the compartments with a concrete ceiling, whereas for a ventilation‐controlled case, the compartment with a CLT slab ceiling displayed a burning duration that increased by approximately 15 minutes. Potential implications for standard fire resistance testing of combustible specimens are discussed.
Effect of tartary buckwheat, rutin, and quercetin on lipid metabolism in rats during high dietary fat intake
Authors: Peng Lianxin , Zhang Qu , Zhang Yanhong , Yao Zhendong , Song Panpan , Wei Lijuan , Zhao Gang , Yan Zhuyun
Published: November 2019

Tartary buckwheat is rich in flavonoids. However, the health‐promoting effect of these flavonoids has not been adequately studied. In the present study, we investigated the impact of rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat on the lipid metabolism of rats on a high‐fat diet. Quercetin could significantly reduce body weight, serum triacylglycerol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF‐α, insulin, and ameliorate glucose tolerance. It was surprising that Tartary buckwheat significantly increased the weight of the rats. Rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat tended to decreased fat deposition in the liver of rats but have little effect on short‐chain fatty acid production. The changes in the structure and diversity of the microbiota were found to be modulated by these diets. It was concluded that quercetin could attenuate high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat can shape the specific structure of gut microbiota. Mechanism of Tartary buckwheat on lipid metabolism needs further systematic research.
Dynamic return and volatility spillovers among S&P 500, crude oil, and gold
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Ozdemir Zeynel Abidin , Ozdemir Huseyin
Published: November 2019

This article examines the return and volatility spillover effects among the S&P 500, crude oil, and gold by employing the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012). Monthly realized volatility and return series covering the period from January 1986 to August 2018 are used to examine the return and volatility spillovers. Our findings indicate a bidirectional return and volatility spillover among these assets. The full sample empirical evidence is consistent with the structure in which oil plays a central role in the information transmission mechanism. The role of oil and gold as a safe haven has changed over time in financial and nonfinancial economic turbulence time‐span. Commodity market financialization has decreased the effectiveness of adding commodities to portfolios after 2002. We find that return spillover is much higher both with considerable negative and positive larger shocks than average shocks, corresponding to left and right tails of the conditional distribution, respectively, while volatility spillover is higher only with positive large shocks than average shocks, which corresponds to shock in the right tail.
A randomized controlled pilot study of ulipristal acetate for abnormal bleeding among women using the 52‐mg levonorgestrel intrauterine system
Authors: Fava Mariana , Peloggia Alessandra , Baccaro Luiz F. , Castro Sara , Carvalho Nelsilene , Bahamondes Luis
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess the efficacy of ulipristal acetate (UPA) for reducing abnormal bleeding among women using the 52‐mg levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS).

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study conducted from September 1, 2016 to September 30, 2018, at the University of Campinas, Brazil. LNG‐IUS users reporting prolonged or frequent uterine bleeding for at least 1 year were randomized to receive 5 mg UPA per day for 5 days or placebo at an identical regimen. Bleeding was recorded for 90 days after treatment began and was compared between the groups.

Results

Of 94 eligible women, 64 with abnormal bleeding associated with LNG‐IUS use declined treatment or device removal after counselling regarding anticipated bleeding patterns. For the 25 study participants, differences were nonsignificant between the UPA and placebo groups for number of days before bleeding stopped and days free of bleeding; however, UPA users displayed a trend for shorter duration before bleeding stopped and longer time free of bleeding. A similar trend for mean number of bleeding days at 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day follow‐up was observed.

Conclusion

A nonsignificant trend in reduction of abnormal bleeding was observed among LNG‐IUS users taking 5 mg UPA per day for 5 days compared with placebo; however, further research is needed.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03186586
Prophylactic uterine artery embolization during cesarean delivery for placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Jin Yong , Chen Li , Ling Li , Bai Xu‐ming
Published: November 2019

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) during cesarean delivery for women with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of women with placenta previa admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, for elective cesarean between February 2003 and July 2016. Postpartum estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) incidence, intensive care unit (ICU) duration, and postoperative stay were compared between control women who underwent cesarean delivery only and women who underwent prophylactic intraoperative UAE during cesarean.

Results

There were 28 and 26 women in the UAE and control group, respectively. There were no differences in hysterectomy incidence (P=0.291), or duration of ICU stay (P=0.085), or postoperative hospitalization (P=0.668) between the groups; however, the incidence of DIC was lower in the UAE group (P=0.035). Mean estimated blood loss (P=0.018) and blood transfusion (P=0.011) were also lower in the UAE group. No serious complications were associated with the endovascular procedures.

Conclusion

Prophylactic intraoperative UAE seemed to effectively reduce blood loss, need for blood transfusion, and incidence of DIC among women with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta.
A global strategy to increase uptake and acceptability of LARC in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Ahmed Zainab , Shirazian Taraneh
Published: November 2019

The provision of long‐acting reversible contraceptives as the final step in Saving Mothers’ Maternal Continuum of Care Program was met with interest and satisfaction among women in rural Kenya.
Nobiletin attenuates acetaminophen‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
Authors: Güvenç Mehmet , Cellat Mustafa , Gökçek İshak , Özkan Hüseyin , Arkalı Gözde , Yakan Akın , Yurdagül Özsoy Şule , Aksakal Mesut
Published: November 2019

The study aimed to examine the effects of nobiletin on the toxicity model induced with acetaminophen (APAP). For this purpose, 24 adult male rats were equally divided into four groups. The groups were the control group (group 1); dimethyl sulfoxide only, the APAP group (group 2) received a single dose of APAP 1000 mg/kg on the 10th day of experiment; the Nobiletin group (group 3), nobiletin (10 mg/kg) for 10 days; and the APAP + Nobiletin group (group 4), nobiletin (10 mg/kg) for 10 days with a single dose of APAP (1000 mg/kg) administered on the 10th day and the experiment ended after 48 hours. At the end of the study, a significant increase in malondialdehyde, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels and a significant decrease in glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase activities and nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (Nrf‐2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expressions were observed with APAP application in liver and kidney tissues. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also significantly increased in the APAP group. However, nobiletin treatment in group 4 reversed oxidative stress and inflammatory and histopathological signs caused by APAP. It is concluded that nobiletin may be a beneficial substance that confers hepatorenal protection to APAP‐induced toxicity via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Computational insight into energetic cage derivatives based on hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhu Simin , Wu Xiaowei , Zhu Weihua
Published: November 2019

Four novel cage compounds were designed by introducing –N(NO2)CH2–, –N(NO2)O–, –N(NO2)N(NO2)–, and –N=N– linkages into the RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) skeleton. Their molecular geometry, electronic structure, heat of formation, and detonation properties were systematically studied using density functional theory (DFT). In addition, the most stable dimers of the four compounds were constructed to further investigate their stability based on intermolecular interactions. It is found that the unconventional CH⋯O interactions would be the dominant driving force when the title compounds form crystals. Compared with the traditional explosives, the compounds with higher detonation properties and lower impact sensitivity will be considered as promising candidates for high energy density compounds. Our results indicate that our innovative design strategy is extremely useful for developing novel energetic compounds.
The role of resources in the face of psychopathology
Authors: Goldbach Nele , Reif Andreas , Preuss Hanna , Röhm Mira , Straus Eva , Streicher Elisabeth , Windmann Sabine , Oertel Viola
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The current study compared resource realization and psychological distress in patients with different psychiatric diagnoses and healthy individuals and examined the moderating effect of intrapersonal resources (personal strengths) and interpersonal resources (relationships) on the association between incongruence (unsatisfactory realization of personal goals) and psychological distress.

Method

In total, 218 participants (45.87% female, mean age = 39.83 years) completed standardized questionnaires at one measurement point.

Results

Healthy individuals (n = 56) reported the most resources, followed by patients with psychotic (n = 53), substance use (n = 53), and depressive disorders (n = 56). While patients with psychotic disorders benefited from intra‐ and interpersonal resources, patients with depression only benefitted from intrapersonal resources. Patients with substance use disorders did not benefit from resources at all.

Conclusions

Depending on the diagnosis, patients evaluated their level of resources differently and benefitted in different ways. The results suggest that within psychotherapy, it might be useful to strengthen resources, especially for patients with depressive and substance use disorders.
A quest for self‐soothing: A systematic case study into emotion‐focused therapy with an emotionally avoidant client who committed sexual offenses
Authors: Gunst Ellen , Watson Jeanne , Willemsen Jochem , Desmet Mattias , Loeys Tom , Vanhooren Siebrecht
Published: November 2019

Objective

The current study is part of a multiple case study that investigated the emotional change in individuals who have committed sexual offenses (ISOs). This case study highlights how one client used sex as a maladaptive coping strategy to suppress negative emotions.

Method

A mixed‐methods design was used to track changes in the client's affect regulation (AR) during four phases, including a baseline (Phase A), treatment as usual (Phase B), treatment with an emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) component added (Phase C), and follow up (Phase A).

Results

The qualitative description with verbatim clinical vignettes, revealed deeper insight into some important steps and hindrances and the impact of specific EFT‐interventions. Quantitative analysis of self‐report and observational measures showed a significant improvement in the client's AR across different phases of treatment.

Conclusions

The study improves our knowledge of the emotional change in ISOs during treatment and illustrates some key interventions, steps, and hindrances.
The resilience of Peruvian immigrants through participation in community‐based organizations in urban Chile
Authors: Marzana Daniela , Martinez Damia Sara , Atallah Devin , Loreto Martinez Maria
Published: November 2019

This study explores the situational elements related to the resilience of Peruvian immigrants in Santiago, Chile. Through extensive fieldwork with Santiago community‐based organizations, in‐depth semistructured interviews (N = 18) completed with Peruvian leaders, and an innovative grounded theory situational analysis, a critical psychopolitical framework of community participation of Peruvian immigrants was generated. More specifically, three main themes emerged from data analysis and describe resilience processes, including, negotiating historical narratives and multiple identities; navigating to resources; and resisting racism and dehumanization. Results describe how community participation plays a role in promoting resilience by transforming immigrants' conditions and contexts while increasing their sense of mattering, and their access to resources and human rights.
Pharmacokinetics of Patisiran, the First Approved RNA Interference Therapy in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin‐Mediated Amyloidosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Goel Varun , Robbie Gabriel J.
Published: November 2019

Hereditary transthyretin‐mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressively debilitating, and often fatal disease caused by deposition of mutated transthyretin (TTR) protein. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic comprising a novel small interfering ribonucleic acid (ALN‐18328) formulated with 2 novel lipid excipients, DLin‐MC3‐DMA and PEG2000‐C‐DMG, in a lipid nanoparticle targeted to inhibit hepatic TTR synthesis. Here we report the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ALN‐18328, DLin‐MC3‐DMA, and PEG2000‐C‐DMG from a phase 2 multiple‐ascending‐dose study and its open‐label extension (OLE) in patients with hATTR amyloidosis. Twenty‐nine patients received 2 intravenous infusions of patisiran of 0.01, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg at 3‐ or 4‐week intervals; of these, 27 patients received 0.3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks over 24 months in the OLE study. Plasma PK profiles of ALN‐18328 and DLin‐MC3‐DMA exhibited 2 phases, the first characterized by a short distribution half‐life and the second by a minor peak and relatively long terminal elimination half‐life. PK exposures to 3 analytes increased proportionally across the dose range of 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg. For ALN‐18328, mean terminal elimination half‐life was 3.2 days, mean total clearance was 3.0 mL/h/kg, and urinary excretion was negligible. All 3 analytes exhibited stable PK profiles with chronic dosing over 2 years. The 2‐ to 3‐fold plasma accumulation (AUCτ) of ALN‐18328 at steady state is attributable to the association of ALN‐18328 with the cationic lipid DLin‐MC3‐DMA. There was no appreciable accumulation of PEG2000‐C‐DMG.
A simple and sensitive hydrogen peroxide detection with horseradish peroxidase immobilized on pyrene modified acid‐treated single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Şahin Samet
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an essential role in different reactions and mechanisms. Therefore, simple and sensitive detection of H2O2 becomes very important for both medical and environmental applications.

RESULTS

Two‐step immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on acid‐treated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (cut‐SWCNTs) was reported for the sensitive detection of H2O2 at physiological conditions. Cut‐SWCNTs were first synthesized using acid treatment and then coated onto screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) for electrochemical optimization tests. Electrochemical characterization of cut‐SWCNTs coated CSPEs showed a linear relationship between current and increasing material loading. Also, the films demonstrated good reproducibility and stability. Immobilization of HRP was then achieved successfully using pyrene crosslinking chemistry on cut‐SWCNT coated SPEs. The detection of H2O2 was achieved with HRP/cut‐SWCNT/SPE electrode configuration using voltammetry technique. The constructed biosensor has sensitivity and apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) values of 34.1 μA L mmol–1 cm−2 and 0.47 mmol L–1, respectively within the linear range of 20 to 600 μmol L–1 H2O2 concentration. The biosensor also showed a good degree of reproducibility and low cross‐contamination for tested interferences.

CONCLUSION

H2O2 biosensor was successfully developed using cut‐SWCNTs and HRP enzyme establishing successful direct electrochemical communication between the enzyme and electrode using pyrene crosslinking chemistry. This study suggests that developed biosensors could be promising for H2O2 detection in medical and environmental applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bovine aortic arch: Prevalence in human fetuses
Authors: Goldsher Yulia W. , Salem Yishai , Weisz Boaz , Achiron Reuven , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Gindes Liat
Published: November 2019

Objective

“Bovine aortic arch” is the second most common variant of aortic arch branching, in which only two branches originate directly from the aorta. The prevalence of this condition has been reported in different studies to be around 6% in human fetuses and 11‐27% in the adult population. In this study, we describe the prevalence of bovine aortic arch in fetuses, and assess the prevalence of concomitant fetal anomalies.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 417 fetuses between 15‐40 weeks of gestation. Data regarding branching of the fetal aortic arch and other fetal anomalies were collected by fetal echocardiography and/or fetal ultrasonography.

Results

A bovine arch was found in 20/413 fetuses (4.8%, 95CI 3.1‐7.3%), of whom 14/310 (4.5%) had no fetal anomalies, and 6/77 (7.8%) exhibited minor changes (P = .241). None of the 26 fetuses with major anomalies had a bovine arch.

Conclusion

Fetuses in this study had a lower prevalence of bovine aortic arch than that previously reported in adults, most probably due to differences in the population examined. This study was underpowered to determine that bovine arch is a common anatomic variant, and is not associated with fetal anomalies.
Hamiltonian cycles in k‐partite graphs
Authors: DeBiasio Louis , Krueger Robert A. , Pritikin Dan , Thompson Eli
Published: November 2019

Chen et al determined the minimum degree threshold for which a balanced ‐partite graph has a Hamiltonian cycle. We give an asymptotically tight minimum degree condition for Hamiltonian cycles in arbitrary ‐partite graphs in that all parts have at most vertices (a necessary condition). To do this, we first prove a general result that both simplifies the process of checking whether a graph is a robust expander and gives useful structural information in the case when is not a robust expander. Then we use this result to prove that any ‐partite graph satisfying the minimum degree condition is either a robust expander or else contains a Hamiltonian cycle directly.
The extremal function for K9= minors
Authors: Rolek Martin
Published: November 2019

We prove the extremal function for minors, where denotes the complete graph with two edges removed. In particular, we show that any graph with vertices and at least edges either contains a minor or is isomorphic to a graph obtained from disjoint copies of and by identifying cliques of size 5. We utilize computer assistance to prove one of our lemmas.
Hamiltonian cycles in 3‐tough 2K2‐free graphs
Authors: Shan Songling
Published: November 2019

A graph is called ‐free if it does not contain two independent edges as an induced subgraph. Broersma, Patel, and Pyatkin showed that every 25‐tough ‐free graph with at least three vertices is Hamiltonian. In this paper, we improve the required toughness in this result from 25 to 3.
Therapeutic potential of triheptanoin in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wehbe Zeinab , Tucci Sara
Published: November 2019

In the past 15 years the potential of triheptanoin for the treatment of several human diseases in the area of clinical nutrition has grown considerably. Use of this triglyceride of the odd‐chain fatty acid heptanoate has been proposed and applied for the treatment of several conditions in which the energy supply from citric acid cycle intermediates or fatty acid degradation are impaired. Neurological diseases due to disturbed glucose metabolism or metabolic diseases associated with impaired β‐oxidation of long chain fatty acid may especially take advantage of alternative substrate sources offered by the secondary metabolites of triheptanoin. Epilepsy due to deficiency of the GLUT1 transporter, as well as diseases associated with dysregulation of neuronal signalling, have been treated with triheptanoin supplementation, and very recently the advantages of this oil in long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders have been reported. The present review summarises the published literature on the metabolism of triheptanoin including clinical reports related to the use of triheptanoin.
Sensitivity of climate models in relation to the “pool of inhibited cloudiness” over South of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Roy Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Murali Krishna Ravuri Phani , Ganai Malay , Mahakur Mata , Narayana Rao Thota , Nair Anish Kumar M. , Ramakrishna Surireddi Satya Venkata Siva
Published: November 2019

Realistic simulation of cloud variability and rainfall by the coupled models still remains a challenge particularly over the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). The simulation of the “pool of inhibited cloudiness” (hereafter referred to as PIC) and associated cloud variability have been analysed in the historical run of 26 models which participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and it is shown that the current state of the art general circulation models (GCMs) still have difficulties in properly simulating the PIC. The pool covers an area greater than 1 million km2 between 3°–13°N and 77°–90°E over the southwest Bay of Bengal (BoB); persisting throughout the ASM and interestingly it is surrounded by the deep convective region. The majority of the models could not simulate cloud variability over the ASM. The performance of National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) version 2.0, which is being used for operational monsoon prediction over the Indian region, is also tested to evaluate its fidelity in capturing PIC. The moist convective process in the default CFSv2 is found to be one of the major sources of uncertainty in its monsoon prediction. In this study, evaluation of the default CFSv2 (CTRL) and suites of modified CFSv2 have been carried out. The default version of CFSv2 has the simplified Arakawa Schubert (SAS) as convection scheme and Zhao and Carr (ZC) as microphysics. In another modification, the SAS is changed to revised simplified Arakawa Schubert (RSAS) keeping the microphysics unchanged. Further, a more physically based cloud scheme (WRF Single Moment 6‐class microphysics—WSM6) is used with SAS and RSAS for comparison of simulation of PIC. Among the CMIP5 models, ACESS‐1‐0, GFDL‐CM3, HadGEM2‐CC, HadGEM2‐ES are able to represent the PIC reasonably well. CFSCR has shown an improved fidelity in comparison to the CTRL, CTRL‐WSM and RSAS and other CMIP5 models. The impact of cloud microphysics in CTRL‐WSM and CFSCR appears to play an important role in the simulation of the PIC.