bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of a Manβ(1‐4)GlcNTroc Fragment via Microfluidic β‐Mannosylation.
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori , Mori Yasutaka , Fukase Koichi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Reductive Cleavage of 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐Type Acetals of Hexopyranosides Using BH3·THF—TMSOTf.
Authors: Daragics Katalin , Fuegedi Peter
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Flowers. Part 27. New Flavanone and Chalcone Glycosides, Arenariumosides I, II, III, and IV, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Inhibitors from Everlasting, Flowers of Helichrysum arenarium.
Authors: Morikawa Toshio , Wang Li‐Bo , Nakamura Seikou , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Yokoyama Eri , Matsuda Hisashi , Muraoka Osamu , Wu Li‐Jun , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 5′‐Diaryl Esters and Diamidates of Phosphate, Phosphorothioate, and Phosphoroselenoate Derivatives of AZT and d4T.
Authors: Hu An‐Fu , Xu Peng‐Xiang , Zhu Mei‐Xiang , Ji Tao , Tang Guo , Zhao Yu‐Fen
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Syntheses of (‐)‐Macrosphelides J (Ia) and K (Ib) and Elucidation of Their Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Yun Hwayoung , Paek Seung‐Mann , Jung Jong‐Wha , Kim Nam‐Jung , Kim Seok‐Ho , Suh Young‐Ger
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Synthesis of the Bromopyrrole Natural Product (‐)‐Agelastatin A.
Authors: Wehn Paul M. , Du Bois J.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Elucidation at the Nanomole Scale. Part 2. Hemi‐phorboxazole A from Phorbas sp.
Authors: Dalisay Doralyn S. , Molinski Tadeusz F.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Total Synthesis of Piceatannol via (E)‐Selective Wittig—Horner Reaction.
Authors: Han Su Young , Lee Hyun Suck , Choi Da Hye , Hwang Jung Woon , Yang Deok Mo , Jun Jong‐Gab
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Clavaminols G—N, Six New Marine Sphingoids from the Mediterranean Ascidian Clavelina phlegraea.
Authors: Aiello Anna , Fattorusso Ernesto , Giordano Antonella , Menna Marialuisa , Navarrete Carmen , Munoz Eduardo
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Chemical Processes on Solid Surfaces — Review of 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Authors: Chen Hong , Li Yu‐min
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quest for New Materials: Inorganic Chemistry Plays a Crucial Role
Authors: Gopalakrishnan J. , Mani Rohini
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials Discovery by Crystal Growth: Lanthanide Metal Containing Oxides of the Platinum Group Metals (Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, Pd, Pt) from Molten Alkali Metal Hydroxides
Authors: Mugavero Samuel J. III , Gemmill William R. , Roof Irina P. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Ferrate(V) and Ferrate(IV) in Alkaline Medium: Generation and Reactivity
Authors: Cabelli Diane E. , Sharma Virender K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. Part 87. Rare Earth Metal Chlorides in Water and Aqueous Systems. Part 2. Light Lanthanides (Ce—Eu)
Authors: Mioduski Tomasz , Guminski Cezary , Zeng Dewen
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prototypes of Molecular Motors Based on Star‐Shaped Organometallic Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Vives Guillaume , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre , Carella Alexandre , Launay Jean‐Pierre , Rapenne Gwenael
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition of Pertechnetate and Perrhenate
Authors: Katayev Evgeny A. , Kolesnikov Grigory V. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Dipyridylbenzene: N‐Deficient Terpyridine or Panacea for Brightly Luminescent Metal Complexes?
Authors: Williams J. A. Gareth
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Evidence for Interactions Between Anions and Electron‐Deficient Aromatic Rings
Authors: Berryman Orion B. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Macrocyclic Approach to Transition Metal and Uranyl Pacman Complexes
Authors: Love Jason B.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphines and Related P—C‐Bonded Compounds
Authors: Allen D. W.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Copper(I): Application to the Synthesis of Cyclopeptide Alkaloids
Authors: Evano Gwilherm
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Supramolecular Organization of Guanosine Derivatives
Authors: Lena Stefano , Masiero Stefano , Pieraccini Silvia , Spada Gian Piero
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tervalent Phosphorus Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hewson A. T.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Dialkyl Telluroxides and Derivatives
Authors: Shimizu T. , Kamigata N.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Lactones upon Double Nucleophilic Additions of Bis(TMS)ketene Acetals to π‐Systems and Access to New Cytotoxic Endoperoxide Lactones
Authors: Rudler Henri , Aldeco‐Perez Eugenia , Parlier Andree , Alvarez Cecilio , Chaquin Patrick , Herson Patrick , Toscano Alfredo , Ramirez‐Apan Maria‐Teresea
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Application of New Transition Metal Mediated Coupling Strategies
Authors: Scott Mark E. , Lautens Mark
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of Oligoene and Enzyne Derivatives Through Carbometalation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Tsurugi Hayato , Miura Masahiro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons. New Prospects
Authors: Matienko L. I. , Mosolova L. A. , Zaikov G. E.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyano‐Bridged Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Larionova Joulia , Guari Yannick , Sangregorio Claudio , Guerin Christian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Drug Lead Discovery and Optimization
Authors: Jorgensen William L.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminoboronic Acids and Their Applications in Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Georgiou Irene , Ilyashenko Gennadiy , Whiting Andrew
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Approaches to Perturb, Profile, and Perceive Glycans
Authors: Agard Nicholas J. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Indole Alkaloids and Those with a Nonrearranged Monoterpenoid Unit
Authors: Ishikura Minoru , Yamada Koji
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unlocking the Chemotherapeutic Potential of β‐Aminovinylketones and Related Compounds
Authors: Gaber Hatem M. , Bagley Mark C.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Developement of Highly Effective Reactions Using Pseudo Intramolecular Process
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐trans‐β‐Elemene and Related Compounds: Occurrence, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Adio Adewale M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Metabolites: The Sterols of Soft Coral
Authors: Sarma Nittala S. , Krishna Moturi S. , Pasha Sk. Gouse , Rao Thota S. Prakasa , Venkateswarlu Y. , Parameswaran P. S.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coherent Multidimensional Optical Spectroscopy of Excitons in Molecular Aggregates; Quasiparticle versus Supermolecule Perspectives
Authors: Abramavicius Darius , Palmieri Benoit , Voronine Dmitri V. , Sanda Frantisek , Mukamel Shaul
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Topology in Molecules Inspired, Seen and Represented
Authors: Amabilino David B. , Perez‐Garcia Lluisa
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Online‐Infrarotspektroskopie in der Bioprozessanalytik
Authors: Haake C. , Landgrebe D. , Scheper T. , Rhiel M. , Rhiel M.
Published: August 2009

In der Bioverfahrenstechnik ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, Zustandsgrößen zeitnah zum tatsächlichen Prozess zu beobachten. Eine solche in situ‐Analyse ermöglicht eine akkurate Prozesssteuerung und trägt somit zur Erhöhung der Produktivität sowie der Reproduzierbarkeit bei. Ebenso lassen sich durch eine optimierte Steuerung Verbrauchskosten senken. Molekülschwingungen vieler organischer Verbindungen zeigen spektrale Signaturen im IR‐Bereich. Aufgrund dessen bieten sich für eine Prozessüberwachung verschiedene Infrarotsensoren an. Durch die Verwendung dieser nicht‐invasiven, optischen Sensoren ist gewährleistet, dass die Messungen keinen Einfluss auf den Kultivierungsvorgang haben. Das Kultivierungsmedium wird weder durch Probenentnahme verbraucht, noch beeinflusst. Es können unterschiedlichste chemische Komponenten des Kultivierungsmediums erfasst werden. Dazu gehören Nährstoffe, Wachstumsfaktoren und verschiedene Metabolite sowie die Biomasse selbst. Dieser Übersichtsartikel bietet einen Einblick in die verschiedenen Anwendungen der Infrarotspektroskopie im Bereich der Bioprozesstechnik. Es werden die verschiedenen Techniken dieser Methode aufgeführt sowie eine Überblick über aktuelle Arbeiten gegeben.
Synthesis and Mesophase Behaviour of Morpholinium Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: YU Wei , PENG Hui , ZHANG Haibo , ZHOU Xiaohai
Published: August 2009

A novel series of morpholinium salts, N‐alkyl‐N‐methylmorpholinium salts (Mor1,nX, n=10, 12, 14, 16, X=BF4−) and Brönsted acidic N‐hexadecyl morpholinium salts (Mor16X, X=BF4−, CH3SO3− and p‐CH3C6H4SO3−) were synthesized. And their mesomorphic properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction and the detailed temperature dependent small angle X‐ray diffraction were used to investigate the molecular structure of Mor1,16BF4. These results suggested that the favor the formation and stabilization of mesogenic compounds. And hydrogen bonds between the BF4− and morpholinium cations contributed to the conformational change of phase transition of Mor1,16BF4.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New cis‐Heterotrinuclear [CuL‐Mn‐CuL] Complex
Authors: LI Fuan , LIU Hongling , LI Guopeng , TAO Ruojie
Published: August 2009

A new dissymmetrical Schiff base copper precursor complex KCuL and a cis‐heterotrinuclear complex with the chemical formula [(CuL)2Mn(H2O)2]·CH3OH, have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis and IR, where H3L= (E)‐N‐[2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]‐2‐hydroxybenzamide. The crystal structure of the cis‐heterotrinuclear complex was determined by X‐ray analysis. Each cell unit of the complex contains one neutral cis‐heterotrinuclear molecule and two disordered methanol molecules. The central Mn2+ ion is located at the site of O6 with a distorted octahedral geometry, and two coordination anions [CuL]− are aligned in cis‐configuration. The magnetic properties indicate that the trinuclear complex not only has antiferromagnetic interactions in the internal trinuclear molecule but also has weak ferromagnetic interactions between the trinuclear units. The best‐fit parameters are J= −12.1 cm−1, g=2.20 and zj′=1.37 cm−1.
Microwave‐assisted Oxidation of Alcohols and Polyarenes with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromochromate
Authors: MOHAMMADI Mohammad Kazem , GHAMMAMY Shahriare , IMANIEH Hossein
Published: August 2009

An efficient and mild methodology for oxidation of alcohols and polyarenes was described using cetyltrimethylammonium bromochromate (CTMABC) under microwave irradiation. Primary and secondary alcohols and polyarenes could be selectively oxidized under microwave irradiation into the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in high yields and short reaction time, using commercially available and magnetically retrievable oxidative material (CTMABC).
One‐pot Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐1,6,7,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo‐[a,i]acridine‐1,6‐dione in Ionic Liquid
Authors: LI Yuling , XU Xiaoping , SHI Daqing , JI Shunjun
Published: August 2009

14‐Aryl‐1,6,7,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]acridine‐1,6‐diones have been synthesized in ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 (bmim=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) at room temperature. Particularly valuable features of this method include high yields of products, recyclable reaction media, broad substrate scope, short reaction time and operational simplicity.
Pyridinium Conjugated Ferrocenes with Thien and Bithien Bridges: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: GONG Yonghua , QIU Wenwei , YANG Fan , AUDEBERT Pierre , CLAVIER Gilles , MIOMANDRE Fabien , TANG Jie
Published: August 2009

Three di‐ and tri‐branched pyridinium salts with ferrocene ends and thienyl or bithienyl bridges, (E,E)‐N‐methyl‐2,4,6‐tris{2‐[5‐(2‐ferrocenylvinyl)thien‐2‐yl]vinyl} pyridinium iodide, (E,E)‐N‐methyl‐2,6‐bis‐ {2‐[5′‐(2‐ferrocenylvinyl)‐2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl]vinyl} pyridinium iodide, and (E,E)‐N‐methyl‐2,4,6‐tris‐{2‐[5′‐(2‐ferrocenylvinyl)‐2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl]vinyl}pyridinium iodide, were designed and successfully synthesized. The electrochemical properties of these compounds were primarily investigated, showing that most of these multiferrocenyl pyridinium salts are potential electrochemical molecular materials with good oxidation‐reduction reversibility.
Cross‐aldol Condensation of Cycloalkanones and Aromatic Aldehydes in the Presence of Nanoporous Silica‐based Sulfonic Acid (SiO2‐Pr‐SO3H) under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: MOHAMMADI ZIARANI Ghodsi , BADIEI Alireza , ABBASI Alireza , FARAHANI Zahra
Published: August 2009

The aromatic aldehydes underwent cross aldol condensation with cycloalkanones in the presence of a catalytic amount of nanoporous silica‐based sulfonic acid (SiO2‐Pr‐SO3H) under solvent‐free conditions to afford the corresponding α,α′‐bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones in excellent yields with short reaction time without any side reactions. This method is very general, simple and environmentally friendly in contrast with other existing methods. SiO2‐Pr‐SO3H was proved to be an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, which could be easily handled and removed from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and also recovered and reused without loss of reactivity.
An Oligonucleotide‐based Fluorescence Sensor for Mercury(II) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: WU Huiwang , LIU Xueping , JIANG Jianhui , SHEN Guoli , YU Ruqin
Published: August 2009

A highly selective fluorescence sensor was developed for Hg(II) ion detection in aqueous solutions based on the selective binding of Hg(II) ions with a pair of thymine‐thymine mismatch. The sensor consists of two DNA probes functionalized with a fluorophore (fluorescein, F) and a quencher (tetramethyl rhodamine, Q) moiety separately. This pair of DNA probes contains two pairs of thymine‐thymine mismatches used to detect Hg(II) ions. In the presence of Hg(II) ions, thymine‐Hg2+‐thymine was formed between thymine residues of probes. From that, the interaction of the two DNA probes increased. Thus, the DNA probes formed a double‐stranded structure. Both the fluorophore and quencher were brought close to each other leading to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between F and Q. Under the optimum conditions, the sensor was used to detect the Hg(II) ions from 50 to 1000 nmol·L−1 with a regression equation y=5281.13−1650.56 lg[Hg2+] (R2=0.985). The linear range covers 100 to 500 nmol·L−1, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 79 nmol·L−1. The disturbance of some co‐existing metal ions was explored, and no significant fluorescence quenching in the presence of 1.0 μmol·L−1 other metal ions was observed. The fluorescence sensor has good sensitivity and selectivity for Hg(II) ions providing a rapid, simple and low cost method for the detection of mercury(II) ions in aqueous solutions.
Ring‐opening of N‐Tosyl Aziridines with Hydroxyl Compounds Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid
Authors: LI Yuling , GU Dagong , XU Xiaoping , JI Shunjun
Published: August 2009

Ring‐opening of two types of N‐tosyl aziridines with hydroxyl compounds has been studied. The aziridines could react smoothly with alcohols in the presence of functional ionic liquid [hmim]HSO4 to afford the corresponding β‐amino ethers in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity. The recyclable property of [hmim]HSO4 was demonstrated in the process.
An Unexpected Green and Facile Synthesis of 2,6‐Diaryl‐4‐styrylpyridines via Multi‐component Reactions in Microwave‐assisted Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: SHI Feng , ZHANG Ge , ZHOU Dianxiang , MA Ning , ZHANG Yajie , CHEN Rongshun , TU Shujiang
Published: August 2009

An unexpected green and facile synthesis of 2,6‐diaryl‐4‐styrylpyridines was realized via microwave‐assisted multi‐component reactions of 3‐arylacrylaldehyde oximes, 1‐arylethanones and ammonium acetate in solvent‐free conditions. This protocol has the prominent advantages of environmental‐friendliness, short reaction time, high yields, low cost, easy operation as well as broad scope of applicability.
Anion Recognition Using Novel and Colorimetric Tweezer Receptors: 1,3‐Phenylenedi(carbonylhydrazone) in Aqueous‐organic Binary Solvents
Authors: ZHANG Youming , WANG Aixia , CAO Cheng , LENG Yanli , WEI Taibao
Published: August 2009

Two novel artificial tweezer receptors 1,3‐phenylenedi(carbonylhydrazone) derivatives with a symmetrical structure have been synthesized. Receptor 3a [1,3‐di(salicylidenehydrazinocarbonyl)benzene] for anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, AcO−, HSO4−, H2PO4−, ClO4−) was investigated by UV‐Vis spectroscopy in DMSO and even 85% DMSO‐15% H2O binary solutions, respectively. Remarkable color changes from colorless to yellow were observed by the naked‐eye upon addition of AcO−, F− and H2PO4− to the solution of receptor 3a. The 1H NMR signals indicated that the receptor 3a underwent deprotonation after the addition of an excess of fluoride anion. In particular, the anion recognition was successfully applied to CH3COONa in 15% H2O‐85% DMSO. These findings were expected to be of significance for designing and developing novel color‐based anion sensors operated in aqueous media.
Vorinostat in advanced prostate cancer patients progressing on prior chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute Trial 6862)
Authors: Bradley Deborah , Rathkopf Dana , Dunn Rodney , Stadler Walter M. , Liu Glenn , Smith David C. , Pili Roberto , Zwiebel James , Scher Howard , Hussain Maha
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

This phase 2 trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of vorinostat in chemotherapy‐pretreated patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.

METHODS:

Patients with disease progression on 1 prior chemotherapy, a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ≥5 ng/mL, and adequate organ function were treated with 400 mg vorinostat orally daily. The primary endpoint was the 6‐month progression rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, rate of PSA decline, objective response, overall survival, and effects of vorinostat on serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐seven eligible patients were accrued. The median number of cycles delivered was 2 (range, 1‐7). All patients were taken off therapy before 6 months. The best objective response in the eligible patient was stable disease in 2 (7%) patients. No PSA decline of ≥50% was observed. There was 1 grade 4 adverse event (AE), and 44% of patients experienced grade 3 adverse events. The most common adverse events were fatigue (81%), nausea (74%), anorexia (59%), vomiting (33%), diarrhea (33%), and weight loss (26%). Median time to progression and overall survival were 2.8 and 11.7 months, respectively. Median IL‐6 levels (pg/mL) were higher in patients removed from the protocol for toxicity compared with progression at all time points, including baseline (5.2 vs 2.1, P = .02), Day 15 Cycle 1 (9.5 vs 2.2, P = .01), Day 1 Cycle 2 (9.8 vs 2.2, P = .01), and end of study (11.0 vs 2.9, P = .09).

CONCLUSIONS:

Vorinostat at this dose was associated with significant toxicities limiting efficacy assessment in this patient population. The significant association between IL‐6 levels and removal from the study for toxicities warrants further investigation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Image‐guided ThinPrep Papanicolaou tests and cotesting with high‐risk human papillomavirus in women aged 30 years and older in a low‐risk private practice population
Authors: Ge Yimin , Smith Debora , Schwartz Mary R. , Mody Dina R.
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

Screening for cervical cancer precursors has evolved considerably with the introduction of new technologies to improve the early detection of disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy and effectiveness of combined screening with cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing in a low‐risk population of women aged ≥30 years.

METHODS:

Consecutive unselected samples from a group of 1871 women aged ≥30 years were screened with image‐guided ThinPrep tests and HR‐HPV tests during a 6‐month period. Histologic follow‐up was reviewed among women with positive HR‐HPV tests.

RESULTS:

A total of 85 (4.5%) women had positive HR‐HPV tests. In 48 HR‐HPV–positive women with follow‐up biopsies, 41 (85%) were found to have histologic abnormalities. Thirty‐three (1.9%) women with cytologically normal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests harbored HR‐HPV, and a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ lesion was detected in 1 (16%) of 6 women with histologic follow‐up. Conversely, 2 (28%) of 7 women with high‐grade intraepithelial lesion on cytology tested negative for HR‐HPV during the same period. A case of serous carcinoma with atypical glandular cells on cytology was also negative for HR‐HPV, as expected.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this low‐risk population of women aged ≥30 years, histology‐confirmed CIN2+ lesions were identified in women with negative cytology and positive HR‐HPV tests, as well as in those with positive cytology and negative HR‐HPV tests. Because both cytology and HPV testing alone missed significant lesions, cotesting with Pap and HR‐HPV in women aged ≥30 years appears to be a reasonable option in a low‐risk population. (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
T‐bet protects against exacerbation of schistosome egg‐induced immunopathology by regulating Th17‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Rutitzky Laura I. , Smith Patrick M. , Stadecker Miguel J.
Published: August 2009

C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni naturally develop mild CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated immunopathology characterized by small hepatic granulomas around parasite eggs. However, immunization with soluble egg Ag in CFA markedly exacerbates the lesions by inducing a potent proinflammatory environment with high levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐17, which are signature cytokines of distinct Th1‐ versus Th17‐cell lineages. To determine the relative role of these subsets in disease exacerbation, we examined mice deficient in T‐bet (T‐bet−/−), which is required for Th1 differentiation and IFN‐γ production. We now report that immunization with soluble egg Ag in CFA caused a significantly greater enhancement of egg‐induced hepatic immunopathology in T‐bet−/− mice compared with WT controls, and analysis of their granulomas disclosed a higher proportion of activated DC and CD4+ T cells, as well as a marked influx of neutrophils. The absence of IFN‐γ in the T‐bet−/− mice correlated with a marked increase in IL‐23p19, IL‐17 and TNF‐α in granulomas and MLN. In contrast, T‐bet−/− mice had lower levels of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐10 and a reduction in FIZZ1 and FoxP3 expression, suggesting diminished regulatory activity, respectively, by alternatively activated macrophages and Treg. These findings demonstrate that T‐bet‐dependent signaling negatively regulates Th17‐mediated immunopathology in severe schistosomiasis.
Central tolerance: Essential for preventing autoimmune disease?
Authors: von Boehmer Harald
Published: August 2009

Recessive central tolerance of developing T cells is caused by antigen‐induced deletion of immature cortical double positive and medullary single positive thymocytes in the absence of TCR editing. There are few examples where it can be convincingly shown that recessive tolerance plays an essential role in preventing autoimmune disease. This is in part due to the fact that genetic factors predisposing to autoimmune disease could conceivably contribute to both recessive tolerances in the thymus and antigen‐induced generation of Treg. Of considerable interest is the notion that several epitopes recognized by disease‐causing T‐cell clones exhibit poor class II MHC binding consistent with the notion that the limited availability of such epitopes in the thymus could lead to failing recessive tolerance, while more abundant quantities in peripheral lymphoid tissues could result in activation of T cells that have escaped central tolerance.
Tolerance checkpoints in B‐cell development: Johnny B good
Authors: Tussiwand Roxane , Bosco Nabil , Ceredig Rhodri , Rolink Antonius G.
Published: August 2009

B‐cell development up to the immature B‐cell stage takes place in the bone marrow, while final maturation into mature B cells occurs in the spleen. During differentiation, the precursor and immature B cells have to pass several checkpoints, including those in which they are censored for being auto‐reactive, and therefore being potentially dangerous. Numerous studies have shown that the immature B‐cell stage in the bone marrow and the transitional B‐cell stages in the spleen comprise distinct checkpoints at which auto‐reactivity is censored. Recently, evidence has been provided that the large pre‐BII stage in the bone marrow, at which the pre‐BCR is expressed, is yet another B‐cell tolerance checkpoint. Here, we review these findings and speculate on directions for possible further experimentation.
E3 ubiquitin ligases in T‐cell tolerance
Authors: Paolino Magdalena , Penninger Josef M.
Published: August 2009

The immune system uses several mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance in order to prevent the activation of T lymphocytes toward self‐antigens. Although the importance of immune self‐tolerance has been established for a long time, some essential cellular and molecular mechanisms of T‐cell tolerance have only been recently revealed. Once thought to be a recycling system, protein ubiquitylation by E3 ligases has now emerged as a regulated and crucial modulator of immune responses, and more importantly as a key signaling pathway involved in T‐cell tolerance. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the transcriptional and molecular signaling mechanisms involved in ubiquitylation‐mediated T‐cell tolerance.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 9/09
Authors: Iwanami Norimasa , Okada Minoru , Hoa Vu Q. , Seo Yasuhito , Mitani Hiroshi , Sasaki Takashi , Shimizu Nobuyoshi , Kondoh Hisato , Furutani‐Seiki Makoto , Takahama Yousuke
Published: August 2009

This cover is specifically designed to celebrate the 2nd European Congress of Immunology (www.eci‐berlin2009.com), to be held September 13–16, 2009 in Berlin. The cover consists of a collage of images from Iwanami et al. (pp 2606–2616) with Berlin's historic Bradenburg Gate, Brandenburger Tor, in the forefront (image of the Brandenburg Gate r ImageState'. Iwanami et al.'s elegant study shows that, in addition, to defective thymus development, teleosts with mutations in KIAA1440, TRRAP, and SKIV2L2 also exhibit defective development of multiple organs, thus identifying previously unknown roles of these genes in organ development.
Spatial modelling of left censored water quality data
Authors: Toscas Peter J.
Published: August 2009

Environmental monitoring data is often spatially correlated and left censored. In this paper a previously proposed Bayesian approach to handling spatially correlated data is modified so that bias corrected estimates of variance and spatial correlation parameters are attained. The methodology is applied to a water quality data set from the Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) in south‐east Queensland, and the results are contrasted with those from uncorrected for bias variance estimates to show that the latter can lead to unreliable inferences. A simulation study is conducted which shows that the bias corrected estimates of variance and correlation parameters are less biased than uncorrected estimates of these parameters and that the credible intervals for the parameters from bias corrected analyses are wider than those from the uncorrected analyses. The simulation also suggests that predictions of below detection values are generally overestimated by both bias corrected and uncorrected analyses, but the latter predictions are more biased. For predictions of detectable concentrations the simulations suggest that bias corrected and uncorrected analyses are equally biased and both underestimate the true values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of GSK‐3β by calpain in the 3‐nitropropionic acid model
Authors: Crespo‐Biel N. , Camins A. , Gutiérrez‐Cuesta J. , Melchiorri D. , Nicoletti F. , Pallàs M. , Canudas A.M.
Published: August 2009

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) is a crucial component in the cascade of events that culminate in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. It is controlled by several pathways, including calpain‐mediated cleavage. Calpain mediates in cell death induced by 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), but GSK‐3β regulation has not been demonstrated. Here we studied changes in total GSK‐3β protein levels and GSK‐3β phosphorylation at Ser‐9 in this model. The 3‐NP treatment induced GSK‐3β truncation. This regulation was dependent on calpain activation, since addition of calpeptin to the medium prevented this cleavage. While calpain inhibition prevented 3‐NP‐induced neuronal loss, inhibition of GSK‐3β by SB‐415286 did not. Furthermore, inhibition of cdk5, a known target of calpain involved in 3‐NP‐induced cell death, also failed to rescue neurons in our model. Our results point to a new target of calpain and indicate possible cross‐talk between calpain and GSK‐3β in the 3‐NP toxicity pathway. On the basis of our findings, we propose that calpain may modulate 3‐NP‐induced neuronal loss. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on hippocampal volume change in schizophrenia
Authors: Koolschijn P. Cédric M.P. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Bakker Steven C. , Hoogendoorn Mechteld L.C. , Pol Hilleke E. Hulshoff , Kahn René S.
Published: August 2009

A functional polymorphism of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) has been associated with the risk for schizophrenia and volume differences in the hippocampus. However, little is known about the association between progressive brain volume change in schizophrenia and BDNF genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hippocampal volume change in patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects and BDNF genotype. Two structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were acquired of 68 patients with schizophrenia and 83 healthy subjects with an interval of approximately 5 yrs. Hippocampal volume change was measured and related to BDNF genotype in patients and healthy controls. BDNF genotype was not associated with hippocampal volume change over time in patients or healthy controls, nor could we replicate earlier findings on smaller hippocampal volume in Met‐carriers. However, we did find a genotype‐by‐diagnosis interaction at baseline demonstrating smaller hippocampal volumes in patients homozygous for the Val‐allele relative to healthy Val‐homozygotes. In addition, irrespective of genotype, patients showed smaller hippocampal volumes compared with healthy controls at baseline. In summary, our results suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not associated with hippocampal volume change over time. Nevertheless, our findings may support the possibility that BDNF affects brain morphology differently in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal cell‐derived CSF‐1 blockade prolongs xenograft survival of CSF‐1‐negative neuroblastoma
Authors: Abraham Dietmar , Zins Karin , Sioud Mouldy , Lucas Trevor , Schäfer Romana , Stanley E. Richard , Aharinejad Seyedhossein
Published: August 2009

The molecular mechanisms of tumor–host interactions that render neuroblastoma (NB) cells highly invasive are unclear. Cancer cells upregulate host stromal cell colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) production to recruit tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and accelerate tumor growth by affecting extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. By coculturing NB with stromal cells in vitro, we showed the importance of host CSF‐1 expression for macrophage recruitment to NB cells. To examine this interaction in NB in vivo, mice bearing human CSF‐1‐expressing SK‐N‐AS and CSF‐1‐negative SK‐N‐DZ NB xenografts were treated with intratumoral injections of small interfering RNAs directed against mouse CSF‐1. Significant suppression of both SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐DZ NB growth by these treatments was associated with decreased TAM infiltration, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)‐12 levels and angiogenesis compared to controls, while expression of tissue inhibitors of MMPs increased following mouse CSF‐1 blockade. Furthermore, Tie‐2‐positive and ‐negative TAMs recruited by host CSF‐1 were identified in NB tumor tissue by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. However, host‐CSF‐1 blockade prolonged survival only in CSF‐1‐negative SK‐N‐DZ NB. These studies demonstrated that increased CSF‐1 production by host cells enhances TAM recruitment and NB growth and that the CSF‐1 phenotype of NB tumor cells adversely affects survival.
Chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma involves the p53 family and is mediated via the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway
Authors: Seitz Sarah J. , Schleithoff Elisa Schulze , Koch Andreas , Schuster André , Teufel Andreas , Staib Frank , Stremmel Wolfgang , Melino Gerry , Krammer Peter H. , Schilling Tobias , Müller Martina
Published: August 2009

We investigated the downstream mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic drugs elicit apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genomic signatures of HCC cell lines treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs were obtained. Analyses of apoptosis pathways were performed and RNA interference was used to evaluate the role of the p53 family. Endogenous p53, p63 and p73 were upregulated in response to DNA damage by chemotherapeutic drugs. Blocking p53 family function led to chemoresistance in HCC. Stimulation and blocking experiments of the CD95‐, the TNF‐ and the TRAIL‐receptor systems revealed that cytotoxic drugs, via the p53 family members as transactivators, can trigger expression of each of these death receptors and consequently sensitize HCC cells toward apoptosis. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a link between chemotherapy, the p53 family and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in HCC. Chemotherapeutic treatment induces expression of proapoptotic Bcl‐2 family members like Bax and BCL2L11 and the expression of Apaf1, BNIP1, Pdcd8 and RAD. Thus, upon DNA damage, p53, p63 and p73 promote apoptosis via the extrinsic and the intrinsic signaling pathway. In addition, not only proapoptotic genes were upregulated, but also genes known to exert antiapoptotic functions. Bleomycin‐induced upregulation of BCL‐XL/BCLXL1 and MDM2 suggests that it is the ratio of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins that regulates the apoptosis response of HCC cells toward chemotherapy, thereby playing a decisive role between treatment sensitivity vs. drug resistance. The clinical importance of these data is evidenced by our finding that the bleomycin target gene signature can predict the prognosis of patients suffering from HCC.