bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über eine durch Benzo-und Naphtho[1.3]dioxolcarbonsäuren an Mäusen erzeugbare Krampfwirkung / Spasm-Activity Caused by Interaction of Benzo-and Naphtho-1.3-Dioxole-carboxylic Acids of Mice
Authors: Dallacker Franz , Reichrath Germanus , Schnackers Gerard
Published: August 2018

We describe the preparation of 4,7-dim ethyl-benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7 d), 5,6-dim ethyl-benzo[l,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid (14), 6,7-dim ethoxy-benzo[1,4]dioxane-5-carboxylic acid (16), 7,8-dim ethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H -benzo[1,5]dioxepin-6-carboxylic acid (17), and of 8,9-dim ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[l,6]dioxocin-carboxylic acid (18) by reaction of the lithium com - pounds with carbondioxide. For testing the spasm -activity of benzo [1,3] dioxole-5-carboxylic acids (Table I), benzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acids (Table II), and of naphtho[1,3]dioxole-carboxylic acids (Table III) these componds were orally given to mice.
Lipid Metabolism of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Grown in Chemically Defined Albumin Medium
Authors: Teschner Regina , Löffler Monika , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

Total lipids of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown in nutrient medium supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin instead of 15% native horse serum and rate of incorporation of [3H] acetate into total lipids are reduced, while the cholesterol content of the cells is higher than of controls grown in normal medium. The lower lipid content of cells cultured in albumin supplemented medium is explained by a lack of exogenous lipids, which are normally taken up from the serum containing nutrient medium. A several fold increase of incorporation of labelled choline and ethanolamine into the phospholipids of the cells grown in the modified medium is observed. We suggest, that the observed stimulation of the incorporation of phospholipid precursors reflects changes in the dynamic state of the membranes produced by serum depletion.
Flash-Induced Electrochromic Band Shifts, is It a Simple Mechanism?
Authors: Symons Marc , Crofts Anthony
Published: August 2018

The flash-induced carotenoid bandshifts have been studied for various strains of both Rho-dopseudomonas sphaeroides and capsulata. A technique for calculating shifts of isobestic points down to 0.05 nm is described. To this end, special attention has been paid to the appropriate correction for reaction center absorbance changes occuring concommitantly with the carotenoid bandshifts. Plots of the wavelength of the isobestic point versus the corresponding absorption changes at the maximum of the difference spectrum have been made, suggesting the existence of different pools of carotenoids. The various pools of carotenoids seem to have different sizes, inducing non-linearities in the plots. In some cases spectral differences of the pools have to be assumed. A possible interpretation of the results would be that each electrogenic span of the electron transport chain is to be associated with its own pool of carotenoids, all the pools behaving in somewhat independant way. We discuss possible difficulties in making those measurements.
Two New Reactions of the Activated Sulfates Adenylylsulfate and 3′-Phosphoadenylylsulfate with Ammonia
Authors: Cooper Bryan P. , Baumgarten Franziska E. , Schmidt Ahlert
Published: August 2018

Two substances, P1 and P2, have been isolated from the ammonium bicarbonate solutions of adenylylsulfate and 3′- phosphoadenylylsulfate, respectively. Using radiochemical, spectroscopic, chromatographic and enzymatic methods it could be shown that P1 was identical to adenosine 5′- monophosphoramidate and that P2 was a closely related phosphorylated derivative of the same substance, namely 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-monophosphoramidate.
Bioproduction of Axenomycins in Batch Cultures of Streptomyces lisandri
Authors: Bauch H.-J. , Leistner E.
Published: August 2018

The influence of various factors such as aeration, pH and size of the inoculum on production of axenomycin A, B, and D and on growth of Streptomyces lisandri was studied in batch cultures. An investigation of the nutritional requirements showed that growth and antibiotic production are not necessarily correlated. The yield of acenomycins was increased to 1.7 g per liter medium by repeated selection for a high producing strain. Bioautography showed that these strains produced a hitherto undescribed antibiotic and that all strains tested differed in the total amount of axenomycins produced but not in the composition of the fraction containing antibiotic activity. Addition to the medium of extra amounts of inorganic phosphate and various nitrogen sources showed that both nutritional components selectively inhibited axenomycin formation but did not inhibit growth of Streptomyces lisandri. Good growth of Streptomyces lisandri was observed in the presence of sucrose and its monomers (glucose, fructose), but whereas sucrose inhibited axenomycin formation almost completely, its monomers did not.
Adenosine Triphosphate Sulfurylase and O-Acetylserin Sulfhydrylase in Photoheterotropically and Heterotrophically Cultured Tobacco Cells
Authors: Bergmann Ludwig , Schwenn Jens-Dirk , Urlaub Herbert
Published: August 2018

Photoheterotrophic and heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum have been examined for changes in specific activity of ATP-sulfurylase (EC 2.1.1 A) and OAS-sulfhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8) during growth on different nitrogen sources. During exponential growth the specific activity of ATP-sulfurylase and OAS-sulfhydrylase remained constant and was on the same level in cells with high and with low rates of sulfate assimilation. The specific activity of both enzymes rapidly increased in green photoheterotrophic cells as well as in chloroplast-free heterotrophic cells after the sulfur from the medium had been used up. This increase was reversed when the cells were transfered back to a sulfate supplemented nutrient solution. The changes in enzyme activity due to sulfur depletion seem to indicate a regulatory mechanism for these enzymes.
Reovirus-Specific Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles from Hela Cells
Authors: Kreft Jürgen
Published: August 2018

When reovirus-infected Hela cells are incubated at 43 °C virus-specific messenger RNA is released from the polysomes. It accumulates free in the cytoplasm as messenger ribonucleopro- tein particles (mRNPs). These particles have a sedimentation rate of about 50 S and a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.42 g/cm3. Reovirus mRNPs contain, besides all three size classes of reovirus messenger RNA. the same spectrum of proteins found in the polysomal mRNPs from uninfected cells, plus two additional proteins with molecular masses of 70000 d and 110000 d, respectively. Electron microscopic examination of the reovirus mRNP fraction reveals specific Y-shaped structures with a total mean length of 0.5 μm.
TMV Inoculation of Tobacco Protoplasts in the Presence of Protoplast Fusion Agents
Authors: Cassells Alan C. , Cocker Frances M.
Published: August 2018

Two methods used to induce protoplast fusion, involving polyethylene glycol (PEG) and high calcium/high pH, respectively, have been investigated in procedures for the inoculation of isolated tobacco protoplasts with TMV. It has been shown that inoculation in the presence of fusion agents involves two stages. Firstly, virus precipitation on to the protoplast surface and secondly, entrapment of virus particles between protoplasts in zones (putatively) of transient protoplast fusion.
Evidence for Uptake of Plamid DNA into Intact Plants (Lemna perpusilla) Proved by an E. coli Transformation Assay
Authors: Frey M. , Rail S. , Roth A. , Hemleben V.
Published: August 2018

The water plant Lemna perpusilla has been incubated with the E. coli plasmids pMB9 and pBR325, respectively. Uptake of plasmids has been shown by subsequent trans­ formation of E. coli cells to tetracycline resistance after treatment with Lemna DNA from plasmid-incubated plants. In 7 out of 15 assays we found stable transformants. From the transformation rate an amount of 10-4 to 10-6 μg plasmid DNA per 10 μg of plant DNA can be calculated.
Dielectrophoretic Rotation in Budding Yeast Cells
Authors: Mischel Maja , Lamprecht Ingolf
Published: August 2018

Rotation of budding yeast cells in an alternating non-uniform electric field of low frequency was investigated. Rotation frequency was found to be proportional to field strength above a threshold, and varied from cell to cell. The threshold is inversely correlated with the moment of inertia of the cells, while the slope of rotation frequency versus field strength increases with the moment. Rotation frequencies varied between 1 and 10 cycles per second. Clear differences between the dielectrophoretic behaviour of living and heat-inactivated yeast cells were observed.
Inhibition of Allatotropic Activity and Ovary Development in Locusta migratoria by Anti-Brain-Antibodies
Authors: Rembold Heinz , Eder Jörg , Ulrich Gabriele M.
Published: August 2018

Evidence for an immunogenic allatotropic factor in the brain of Locusta migratoria is presented. Antibodies to brain material from mature females were raised in rabbits. In vivo injection of these antibodies into young locusts in­hibited ovary development and resulted in hypertrophic as well as necrotic corpora allata. Antibodies to brains without neurosecretory material were not able to block allatotropic or gonadotropic activity.
Effects of an Electric Field of Sinusoidal Waves on the Amino Acid Biosynthesis by Azotobacter
Authors: Gonzalez A. Martin , Izquierdo M. T.
Published: August 2018

Electric Field Electric fields of sinusoidal waves have been applied in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii, with potentials between 0 V and 10 V, intensities from 0 mA to 16 mA and frequencies between 5 Hz and 200 KHz.

The influence of the electric field of sinusoidal waves on the nitrogen fixation on the post­ culture medium composition has a maximum at 5 V, 8 mA and 20 Hz. The rate of synthesis of specific amino acids by Azotobacter depends on the frequency and potential of the electric field applied. The concentration of each amino acid present in the post-culture medium is increased according to the electric field employed and the amino acid biosynthesis in culture medium is activated during the first days of incubation.
Luminescence from Photosystem I at High Temperatures
Authors: Sane P. V. , Desai T. S. , Tatake V. G.
Published: August 2018

The changes in the fluorescence and delayed fluorescence intensity of spinach leaf as affected by temperature were studied. It was observed that the delayed fluorescence showed a maximum at about 45 °C whereas the fluorescence maximum was at about 55 °C. An examination of the emission spectra of delayed fluorescence at different temperatures showed that at higher temperatures the relative emission at 735 nm was increased. It is argued that at higher temperatures the luminescence from photosystem I contributes to delayed fluorescence.
Enzymatische Bildung und Isolierung von 2-Hydroxymuconsäure, ein Metabolit im bakteriellen Abbau des Herbizids Chloridazon / Enzymatic Formation and Isolation of 2-Hydroxymuconic Acid, a Metabolit in the Bacterial Degradation of the Herbicide Chloridazon
Authors: Müller Rudolf , Lingens Franz
Published: August 2018

2-Hydroxymuconic acid, formerly postulated as an in­termediate of the bacterial degradation of chloridazon (5-amino-4-chlor-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-on), could be isolated after incubation of 5-amino-4-chlor-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-on (1) with purified metapyrocate-chase and enriched am idase from chloridazon-degrading bacteria by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.
Chemical Synthesis of Tropoyl Coenzyme A
Authors: Gross Georg G. , Koelen Karl J.
Published: August 2018

Tropoyl coenzyme A has been synthesized in good yields via the corresponding N-hydroxysuc-cinimide ester. The UV-spectrum of the purified thioester has an absorption maximum at 257 nm; at this wavelength, a molar extinction coefficient of 19.2 × 106 [cm2 mol-1] has been determined. Upon alkaline hydrolysis of the thioester bond a difference spectrum with Amax at 235 nm (Δe235= 4.8 × 106 [cm2 mol-1]) has been observed. Attempts to prepare 2-phenylmalonyl coenzyme A by the same technique gave negative results.
A Sex Attractant for the European Fir Budworm Moth, Choristoneura murinana
Authors: Priesner Ernst , Bogenschütz Hermann , Am Heinrich
Published: August 2018

Traps baited with 100 μg (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate and 10|ig (Z)-ll-tetradecenyl acetate are highly effective in attracting C. murinana males at varying population densities. The attractive mixture was established by electrophysiological and Field screening studies combined with chemical analysis of the female pheromone secretion.

(Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate is a major constituent in washes of pheromone glands of calling C. murinana females. This compound, the first dodecenyl ester pheromone known for a species of the Archipini tribe, is moderately attractive on its own at low doses. Attraction is strongly synergized by 10% (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate but is inhibited by small amounts of (Z)-9- tetradecenyl acetate. Each of the three compounds acts upon a separate type of receptor cell in hair sensilla of the male antenna.
Ammonia Assimilation by Thiocapsa roseopersicina Grown on Various Nitrogen and Carbon/Electron Sources
Authors: Bast Eckhard
Published: August 2018

Batch cultures of the phototrophic bacterium, Thiocapsa roseopersicina, were grown anaero­ bically in the light either on sulfide with various ammonia concentrations, N 2 or amino acids as nitrogen sources, or on several simple organic substrates in the absence of reduced sulfur com­ pounds using 6 mM NH4Cl as source of nitrogen. At high ammonia concentrations high activities of (NADPH-linked) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), but rather low transferase and no bio­ synthetic activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) were obtained, while under conditions of ammonia deficiency (growth with N 2 or glutamate) GDH activity was very low and both GS activities were strongly increased. Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity (NADH-dependent) showed little variation. These data indicate that at high NH+ concentrations ammonia is assimilated via GDH, under NHJ limitation, however, via the GS/GOGAT system. Glutamine as nitrogen source may be utilized via GOGAT as well as via an active glutaminase plus GDH. Ammonia, but not glutamine, seems to cause repression and inactivation of GS. Alanine and asparagine inactivate the enzyme inhibiting the biosynthetic, but not the transferase activity. These amino acids in part also influence the activities of GDH, GOGAT, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH).

Cultures grown on acetate or pyruvate instead of sulfide showed increased GDH activities and high GS transferase activities possibly reflecting an increase of intracellular a-ketoglutarate concentration. On malate or fructose also increased GS transferase activities, but rather low GDH activities were observed. High biosynthetic GS activities and elevated GOGAT activities were found only in fructose-grown cells. On the organic substrates the ICDH activities always were somewhat higher than after lithoautotrophic growth. With the exception of acetate, the MDH activities were considerably elevated, especially on pyruvate. The different pathways of ar-keto-glutarate formation and their influence on the enzymes of ammonia assimilation are discussed.
Die Mureinstruktur. I. Ermittlung der Mureinschichtdicke an festen Präparaten von Spirillum serpens Zellwänden mit Röntgenkleinwinkelmethoden / Estimation of the Mureinlayerthickness of Spirillum serpens Using Small-Angle X-Ray Methods
Authors: Wawra H.
Published: August 2018

The mureinlayerthickness of Spirillum serpens was estimated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering methods using solid preparates of broken cell walls. The interpretation of the scattering curves was possible by application of G. Porod's scattering theory of packings of lamellae.
Synthesis of Sinapine during Seed Development of Sinapis alba
Authors: Bopp Martin , Lüdicke Werner
Published: August 2018

Sinapine (sinapoyl-choline) is accumulated in the cotyledones of Sinapis alba during the main growth phase of the developing embryos. It is degraded during germination of older embryos which have not reached full maturation and of mature seeds, but remains stable in young embryos. The main product of degradation is sinapoyl-glucose. [14C]phenylalanine is not only in­corporated into sinapine during the accumulation phase in situ but just so into isolated embryos which do not accumulate the substance further. Synthesis takes place in the cotyledones. Their synthesizing capacity (incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine) is correlated with the growth rate of the cotyledones.
Aminoacylase from Aspergillus oryzae. Comparison with the Pig Kidney Enzyme
Authors: Gentzen Ingrid , Löffler Hans-G. , Schneider Friedh.
Published: August 2018

Aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14) from Aspergillus oryzae was purified from a commercially available crude material by heat treatment, precipitation by polyethyleneimine and ammoniumsulfate, gel chromatography and preparative disc-gel-electrophoresis. The purified product was homogenous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

SDS-gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide-gel-gradient electrophoresis, gel chromatography and amino acid analysis demonstrated the enzyme to be composed of two subunits with Mr of 36 600.

The kinetic properties of the enzyme were studied with chloroacetyl derivatives of alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, leucine, norleucine and tryptophan. The pH optimum of the acylase activity with chloroacetyl-alanine as substrate is at pH 8.5. Acyl derivatives of hydrophobic amino acids are preferred substrates. The enzyme has no dipeptidase activity.

Aminoacylase is not inhibited by SH-blocking agents and no SH-groups could be detected with Ellman’s reagent in the native and denatured enzyme. The enzyme activity is insensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N-α-p-tosylʟ-lysine chloromethyl ketone.

The microbial acylase is a zinc metallo enzyme. Metal chelating agents are strong inhibitors; it is further inhibited by Cd2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and activated by Co2+.

The properties of pig kidney and Aspergillus acylase are compared.
Effects of Polynucleotides on Production and Activity of Streptolysin S
Authors: Taketo Yoriko , Taketo Akira
Published: August 2018

Activity of various natural and synthetic polynucleotides as a carrier for streptolysin S was tested in a resting cell system. As the carrier, intact molecules of MS2 RNA, E. coli tRNA or rat liver RNA were almost inactive, whereas RNase I core of these RNAs, especially the core-frac­tions eluted from DEAE-cellulose column at higher NaCl concentrations, effectively induced pro­duction of the extracellular hemolysin. The carrier activity of yeast RNA was significantly en­hanced by simultaneous addition of RNase I, to the streptococcal suspension. Preincubation of yeast RNA with growing streptococci or a protein fraction from the bacterial culture supernatant increased its carrier activity. Evidences were obtained suggesting involvement of streptococcal nuclease in the enhancement of the carrier effect. Production of the streptococcal hemolysin was markedly promoted by polyguanylic acid but neither by polyadenylic acid, polycytidylic acid nor by polyuridylic acid.

Like trypan blue, polyguanylic acid exerted potent inhibitory effect on hemolytic activity of streptolysin S complex. Similar but less marked effect was observed with certain RNase I core fractions of rat liver RNA. Some data concerning effect of polynucleotides on stability of the hemolysin were also presented.
Chloroplast Autonomy in Acetyl-Coenzyme-A-Formation and Terpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Grumbach K. H. , Forn B.
Published: August 2018

Isolated intact spinach chloroplasts were supplied with 14C-labeled CO2, phosphoglycerate, phos-phoenolpyruvate, acetate and mevalonate and the incorporation of radioactivity into β-carotene and plastoquinone-9 assayed. All applied substrates were capable of crossing the chloroplast envelope. Except phosphoenolpyruvate all radioactive precursors were incorporated into β-carotene and also into plastoquinone-9. It is concluded that spinach chloroplasts are autonom in acetyl-coenzyme-A-formation and terpenoid biosynthesis. There is a direct carbon flow from intermediates of the Calvin-cycle via acetyl-coenzyme-A and mevalonic acid existing in the chlo­ roplast leading to the carotenoids and isoprenoid side-chains of chlorophylls and quinones.
Change of Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Radish Seedlings under the Influence of the Photosystem II-Herbicide Bentazon
Authors: Meier D. , Lichtenthaler H. K. , Burkard G.
Published: August 2018

The influence of the photosystem II-herbicide bentazon on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts of radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) was investigated with special emphasis on thylakoid development and grana formation.

Bentazon application (10-3 ᴍ) induces the formation of broader and higher grana stacks (grana width: 0.5-0.6 μm; greatest frequency: 3-8 thylakoids per granum) than in the control plants (grana width: 0.3 μm; greatest frequency: 2-4 thylakoids per granum). Furthermore, the amount of chloroplast lamellae is enhanced, as are the stacking degree of thylakoids and the grana area. The chloroplasts of bentazon-treated plants appear to be shorter and thicker than in the controls and show all signs of a shade-type adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Verminderter Sauerstoffverbrauch und reduzierte Atemfrequenz verursacht durch "Schweres Wasser" (D2O) bei Fischen / Reduced Oxygen Consumption and Reduced Operculare Movements in Fishes by Heavy W ater (D2O)
Authors: Haeser Pedro E. , Werner Gottfried
Published: August 2018

Fishes (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) have a almost 40% reduced oxygen consumption and a 18% reduced operculare movements in normal water containing 20% “heavy water” (D2O) .
Development of Discontinuous Size Classes of Nodules of Glycine max
Authors: Stripf R. , Wemer D.
Published: August 2018

In order to characterize developmental stages of nodules of Glycine max nitrogenase activity in the variety Caloria, infected with Rhizobium japonicum 61-A -101, was studied in atmospheres with 19 and 40% O2. By the enhancement effect at 40% O2 four stages of nodule development could be separated. Nitrogenase activity depends also among other things on nodule size. 3 -4 maxima in nodule number and nodule weight were found by fractionating nodules in 12 different size classes. Discontinuous size distribution was found with medium aged and old effective nodules. Nodule number (20 to 30) of effective nodules per plant remains constant. Ineffective nodules remain far smaller than the effective ones, the number increases to more than 140 per plant and only one discontinuous size classe was observed. Bacteroids and plant cytoplasm from nodules of some size classes are characterized by their leghaemoglobin content and specific activity of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism such as aspartate aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.1), glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.2) and alanine de­ hydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.1). The data in the various size classes are similar both in the bacteroids and the plant cytoplasm, however, leghaemoglobin content and specific activity of the bacterial enzyme alanine dehydrogenase are positively correlated with the increasing nodule size.
ATP-dependent Proton Transport into Vesicles of Microsomal Membranes of Zea mays Coleoptiles
Authors: Hager Achim , Frenzel Roland , Laible Dorothee
Published: August 2018

ATP-dependent proton pumps were found in the vesicles of microsomal membrane fractions of maize coleoptiles. Two membrane fractions isolated by density gradient centrifugation were identified by the aid of marker enzymes and electron microscopic analysis. Membrane fraction A largely consisted of vesicles of smooth ER and of the Golgi complex, fraction B predominantly of vesicles of plasmalemma and rough ER.

The pH-indicator, neutral red, was used to measure changes in pH in the vesicles after ATP addition. Due to the binding of protonated neutral red molecules (NRH+) to negative charges of the energized membrane, a strong metachromasy of NRH+-absorption can be observed. Therefore, in order to accurately measure A pH a pH-dependent change in absorption of neutral red covering the whole NR-spectrum was set up as difference spectra. The commonly employed method of measuring AA of neutral red at just one wavelength (525 nm) leads to entirely incorrect results.

It could be demonstrated that the ATP-dependent translocation of H+-ions into the interior of the vesicles was most efficient at pH 7. Acidification, which reaches its maximum 10-15 min after ATP addition, can be reverted by adding CCCP.

An ATP-dependent proton-translocation into the vesicles of fraction B was also observed, however, the proton translocation is less than that found in fraction A in relation to the amount of protein found in each.

The membrane fraction A displays a strong oxidation of NADH subsequently followed by an alkalization of the medium. This process cannot be reverted by adding CCCP. NADH oxidation at membranes of fraction A is consequently not an integral part of a redox-pump.

A possible significance of the ATP-dependent proton pump in membranes of the ER and Golgi fraction of coleoptiles is discussed in connection with auxin induced elongation growth.
Zur Beeinflussung der Aktivität von adsorptiv auf eloxierten Aluminiumblechen immobilisierter Urease durch die Anodisier-Bedingungen / The Influence of Anodizing Conditions on the Activity of Urease Immobilized to Anodized Sheet Aluminium
Authors: Grunwald P. , Gunßer W. , Pfaff K. P. , Krause R. , Lutz K.
Published: August 2018

The activity of urease immobilized by adsorption on anodized sheet aluminium strongly depends on the method chosen for preparation of these carriers. If oxalic acid is applied as electrolyte, only the anodizing temperature significantly influences the activity of the preparations. In case of the well-known GS process, however, the activity is not only affected by the temperature, but also by other conditions of anodizing, for example the current density and the electrolyte concentration. For both methods the correlation between the topography of the carrier surfaces and the activity of enzyme immobilized to the surface is described.
Isolierung von 3-Hydroxyanthranilsäure aus dem Kulturmedium chloridazonabbauender Bakterien / Isolation of 3-Hydroxy-anthranilic Acid from the Culture Medium of Chloridazon Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Buck Robert , Lingens Franz
Published: August 2018

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid could be isolated from the culture medium of chloridazon degrading bacteria growing under supplementation with phenylalanine. Anthranilate synthase is induced by phenylalanine.
ESR Spectra o f Normal Human Serum after Treatment with Complement Activating Agents*
Authors: Brai Melchiorre , Bartolotta Antonio , Brai Maria , Messina Marcello , Indovina Pietro L.
Published: August 2018

We describe the appearance of a free-radical signal in the ESR spectrum of normal human serum incubated with several complement activating agents. The intensity of this signal is dependent of dose of activating agents, time and temperature. Signals elicited by different complement activators differ in morphology and kinetics. Inhibition by treatment with EDTA and the presence of the signal in activated C 6-deficient rabbit serum suggest that the con-vertase forming steps of complement activation (C2 to 5) could be the source of free-radical containing molecules.
Über die Komponenten des ätherischen Öls aus Majorana hortensis Moench / On the Essential Oil Components from Majorana hortensis Moench
Authors: Brosche Thorolf , Vostrowsky Otto , Gemeinhardt Fredi , Asmus Ullrich , Knobloch Karl
Published: August 2018

By use of 13CNMR, GLC and GC-MS analysis, 75 compounds, mainly mono-and sesquiterpenes, were identified structurally out of the essential oil of Majorana hortensis Moench. A distinct seasonal dependence in the biosynthesis of terpenoids was observed. The specific application of 13CNMR spectroscopy enabled the structure elucidation of components of an essential oil even of that complexity.
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
Authors: Bertrams Margrit , Wrage Käthe , Heinz Ernst
Published: August 2018

De novo-synthesis of glycerolipids in chloroplasts is initiated by a stroma enzyme which catalyzes the formation of lyso-phosphatidic acid from glycerophosphate and acyl-CoA. When these substrates are added to isolated, intact chloroplasts, only glycerophosphate can readily pass through the chloroplast envelope which represents a permeation barrier for acyl-CoA, although higher thioester concentrations destroy this membrane system. At low concentrations of acyl-CoA, which do not impair the envelope, intact chloroplasts metabolize exogenous acyl-CoA in two ways to give free fatty acids and labelled phosphatidyl choline. This indicates that the envelope thioesterase can use exogenous substrates.

Isolated, intact chloroplasts fixing radioactive CO2 label free fatty acids and acylglycerols but not galactolipids, since they cannot convert 3-phosphoglycerate into UDP-galactose which in vivo is supplied by the cytoplasm. This cooperation was simulated in vitro by adding all enzymes and cofactors necessary for conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into UDP-galactose to intact chloro­plasts which then formed labelled monogalactosyl diacylglycerol from labelled CO2.

The time required to transfer envelope-made galactolipids from the envelope into thylakoids was studied by incubating intact chloroplasts with radioactive UDP-galactose, subsequent osmotic disruption of organelles with concomitant enzymatic degradation of UDP-galactose followed by separation of envelopes and thylakoids. Only after short times (< 1min) appreciable proportions 920-30%) of radioactive galactolipid export from envelopes into thylakoids.
Darstellung 5′.5″-phosphatverknüpfter Dinucleoside / Preparation of 5′,5″-Phosphate Linked Dinucleosides
Authors: Bomemann Siegmar , Schlimme Eckhard
Published: August 2018

We report on the chemical preparation of 5′,5″-phosphate bridged dinucleosides (1-16) by applying the 1,1′-carbonyl-diimidazole activation method.

Nucleotides of this unusual type function as 5′-terminal cap structures of most eukaryotic mRNAs and on the monomer level as regulators in macromolecular biosynthesis.
The Specific Labeling in Hypertonic Medium of a Spleen Protein
Authors: Diringer Heino
Published: August 2018

The biosynthesis of a 12000 dalton protein species released into the medium by mouse spleen was resistant to the inhibitory effect of hypertonic medium on protein syn­ thesis. This protein fraction comprised 10% or more of the total radioactive protein in the medium but could hardly be detected in the spleens. It was labeled very often to a higher extent in diseased animals. It is not related antigenically to either β-microglobin, mouse-interferon, or to mouse immuno-globulins. A preferential uptake into cells of certain organs, which, when themselves incubated in organ cultures did not synthesize and release the protein, was observed.
Pheromone Bouquet of the Mandibular Glands in Andrena haemorrhoa F. (Hym., Apoidea)
Authors: Francke W. , Reith W. , Bergström G. , Tengö J.
Published: August 2018

The complex volatile secretion from the mandibular glands of Andrena haemorrhoa (Hym., Apoidea) has been analysed by GC/M S. It is composed primarily of three groups of compounds:

1. Spiroacetals of five different systems: two 1,6-dioxyspiro[4.4]nonanes, four 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5] decanes, two 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes, one 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.6]undecane and one 1,7-dioxa-spiro[5.6]dodecane.

2. Straight chain fatty acid derivatives: methyl ketones, primary and secondary alcohols, acetates and hydrocarbons.

3. Isoprenoids: geraniol and geranyl acetate.

Mass spectral fragmentation patterns have been studied for several synthesized spiroacetals.
Aspartic Acid-Aspartate and Glutamic Acid-Glutamate Hydrogen Bonds Having Great Proton Polarizability — IR Investigations
Authors: Rastogi Pushti Prakash , Zundel Georg
Published: August 2018

α-Amino and α-carboxylate group protected aspartate (Z-asp-OMe) and glutamate (Z-glu-OBZl) solutions in CH2Cl2 are studied as function of the addition of the respective salts by IR spectroscopy. The antisymmetrical stretching vibration of the -CO2
c- groups shifts to the position where v C = O of the acid groups is observed, indicating that both anions in the acid-anion complexes are strongly influenced by the proton. With the formation of these complexes a continuum arises preferentially in the region 1600-900 cm-1 demonstrating that the OH · · · O- ⇌ -O · · · HO bonds formed show great proton polarizability. These hydrogen bonds are short and the proton potential is probably a broad flat well. The degree of the formation of these hydrogen bonds is determined. Finally, it is discussed that positive charge can easily be translocated via such hydrogen bonds in protein molecules.
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium cruentum and Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Steven Seymour
Published: August 2018

Cooling A. nidulans or P. cruentum from 26 °C to 4 °C results in progressive spectral changes. The most significant changes are increases in absorbance at 690 nm (photosystem II), 678 nm (antenna chlorophyll), 625 nm (phycocyanin), and 505 nm (electrochromic band). In the case of P. cruentum there are also increases in absorbance at 568 and 545 nm (B-phycoerythrin) and a decrease at 587 nm. The spectral changes in both organisms are accompanied by decreases at 703 nm (photosystem I or aggregated chlorophyll), 650 nm (allophycocyanin) and 486 nm (carotenoid).

Heating A. nidulans or P. cruentum from 4 °C to 44 °C results in increases in absorbance at 705 nm (photosystem I) and 486 nm (carotenoid), accompanied by decreases at 690 nm (photo­ system II), 676 nm (antenna chlorophyll), 628 nm (phycocyanin), 507 nm (electrochromic band) and 469 nm (carotenoid). In the case of P. cruentum there are also decreases at 568 and 546 nm (B-phycoerythrin) and an increase at 587 nm. The possible origin of the spectral change at 587 nm. The possible origin of the spectral change at 587 nm is discussed.

The spectral changes of the chlorophyll bands (703, 690, 678 nm) and the electrochromic band (502 nm) are associated with phase changes of the lipid membrane. Lowering the temperature results in a decrease of aggregated chlorophyll or photosystem I, and vice versa. These spectral changes are also observed in green chloroplasts.

The spectral changes of the phycobilins may originate from a temperature dependent change of the ion balance of the thylakoid. A spectral change may result from the ensuring modification of the stacking or from an electrochromic effect.
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in Different Membrane Regions of Anabaena
Authors: Scherer Siegfried , Stürzl Erwin , Böger Peter
Published: August 2018

Photosynthetic and respiratory electron-transport reactions by the blue-green alga, Anabaena variabilis, exhibit a strict temperature dependence in vivo as well as in the cell-free system. The ratio of respiratory oxygen uptake in the dark and oxygen evolution in the light is high after growth at low temperatures (20 °C) and low after growth under optimum temperatures (28 °C). Respiration and photosynthesis show different break temperatures in the Arrhenius plots. Increase of growth temperature yields higher break points for photosynthetic or respiratory electron transport as well. These data are taken as evidence that photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains are embedded in different membrane areas.
ATP Synthesis and Generation of Electrochemical Gradients of Protons in the Catecholamine Storage Organelle of the Adrenal Medulla
Authors: Taugner G. , Wunderlich I.
Published: August 2018

The reaction rates of ATP formation from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by the catecholamine storage organelles isolated from bovine adrenal medulla accelerated 5-6 fold, when Pi was added at various times after addition of Mg-ADP, as compared to the rates observed when the reaction partners were added simultaneously. The increase of the rates of ATP-Pi exchange upon subsequent addition of Pi to Mg-ATP was less prominent. Mg-ADP induced a ΔΨ (60-70 mV, positive inside), almost equal that induced by Mg-ATP. In both cases ΔΨ was significantly higher in the absence of Pi than in its presence. At pH 7.4 of the medium the ΔpH was 1.4 units indicating an internal pH of 6. It was stable during the reaction time in the presence of Mg-ATP, while in the presence of Mg-ADP the internal pH increased gradually by 0.2 units. Both the ATP forming reactions as well as the nucleotide induced ΔΨ were uncoupler-sensitive (CCCP). Though inhibiting ATP formation from ADP + Pi by 50%, 0.1 mᴍ AP5A (an inhibitor of adenylate kinase) did neither affect ΔΨ nor ΔpH, hence ruling out the possibility that ΔμH· induced by Mg-ADP would be actually due to ATP formed from ADP. Membrane ghosts were not able of ATP synthesis (in the absence of valinomycin), the ATP-Pi exchange was only 10-20% of that of intact organelles, due to the low ΔμH· in the absence of intravesicular soluble constituents. It is proposed that the energy for ATP synthesis is furnished by the high gradients of protonated soluble constituents in the intact organelles.
Immobilization of Erythrocytes by Radiation Polymerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yoshii Fumio , Kaetsu Isao , Yamada Akio
Published: August 2018

The immobilization of erythrocyte as the whole cell without hemolysis was studied. It found that erythrocyte could be treated and immobilized stably by radiation polymerization of specific monomers having high viscous and long oxyethylene units chain such as methoxypolyethylene-glycol methacrylate (M-23G) and polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (14G). Irradiation dose without hemolysis was limited less than 1 × 105 r and a comonomer system consisting of M -23G-14G, 1:1 and small quantity of glutaraldehyde (GA) was the optimum carrier composition. The functional properties of the immobilized erythrocyte was also investigated. It was found that the immobilized cell could be carried out carbon monoxide-oxygen gas exchange effectively and reversibly so as in the intact cell. The immobilized erythrocyte also showed the catalase activity just as in the intact cell. The stability of erythrocyte increased greatly by the immobilization for standing at low and room temperatures and hardly hemolyzed in non-isotonic medium such as pure water. It was observed in scanning electron microscope that the immobilized erythrocyte had a hollow disk shape same as in intact cell and covered with a thin polymer layer.
High Perform ance Liquid Chrom atographie Analysis o f Steroidal Saponins from Avena sativa L
Authors: Kesselmeier J. , Strack D.
Published: August 2018

Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography offers an efficient and rapid method for analysis of steroidal saponins. Crude extracts from primary leaves of Avena sativa and isolated etioplasts therefrom have been resolved into four saponins (avenacosides) using a water-acetonitrile gradient system on RP-8 and monitoring the column effluent at 200 nm with an UV-detector. Detectability was found to be in the range of 50 ng avenacoside B and the detector response was linear up to 8 μg tested. The described method is applicable to studies on localization and physiology of Avena saponins during development of the primary leaf.
Is there an Equilibrium between A scorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids ?
Authors: Kalus Werner H. , Filby William G.
Published: August 2018

The previously reported interaction between ascorbate monoanion and dehydroascorbic acid yielding semidehy-droascorbic acid has been shown to be therm odynamically unfeasible and non-existent. No evidence for radical formation in the reinvestigation of the reaction using ESR spectroscopy under careful exclusion of air could be found. Our results show that the detection of the free radical in earlier studies resulted from the reaction of ascorbate with traces of oxygen and/or metals.
Radiation D am age to Polypeptides and Proteins in the Solid State, II* Radiolysis of Poly-ʟ-Glutamic Acid
Authors: Söylemez T. , Baumeister W. , Herbertz L. M.
Published: August 2018

For the transformation of glutamic acid into α-amino-butyric acid upon irradiation a decarboxylation mechanism involving the formation of CO2 has been proposed previously. Here we present further experimental evidence in favour of this mechanism. A dditionally the formation of CO as a decarboxylation product has been detected; a radical anion mechanism for its formation is proposed.
Life Cycle of Sarcocystis between Poikilothermic Hosts. Lizards are Intermediate Hosts for S. podarcicolubris sp. nov, Snakes Function as Definitive Hosts
Authors: Matuschka Franz-Rainer
Published: August 2018

The role of the Western Whip snake Coluber viridißavus was demonstrated as a definitive host for Sarcocystis podarcicolubris sp. nov. of the Italian Wall lizard Podarcis sicula and the Tyrrhenian Wall lizard Podarcis tiliquerta. Sporocysts (9.58 x 6.94 μm) of S. podarcicolubris from a naturally infected snake C. viridißavus were fed to a Sarcocystis free lizard P. sicula and via arthropods Musca domestica to another Sarcocystis free lizard P. tiliquerta. About 3-4 months later sarcocysts could be detected in both lizards. The cysts measured 90-130 μm × 450-550 μm. The cyst wall had 2.5-3 μm long villus like protrusions. The sausage-shaped bradyzoites measured circa 7.7 × 2 μm. Refeeding of the experimentally infected lizards to the snake led to a renewed shedding of sporocysts after a prepatency of 12 -15 days.
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid from Rut a graveolens
Authors: Nahrstedt A. , Eilert U. , Wolters B. , Wray V.
Published: August 2018

Rutacridone-epoxide was isolated from roots and callus tissue cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods
Incorporation of [14C]Phenylalanine and [14C] Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for Studies on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue and Cell Level
Authors: Proksch Margareta
Published: August 2018

When the abaxial epidermis was peeled from 5 to 6 day old oat primary leaves, and 3 cm segments were floated on radioactive phenylalanine or cinnamic acid solutions, more than 90 per cent of the radioactivity was incorporated within 3 to 7 h depending on the developmental stage of the leaf. C-glycosylflavones were labelled within 15 min and radioactivity in these compounds increased for several hours. Pulse labelling and pulse chase experiments with either phenylalanine or cinnamic acid, unequivocally demonstrate that oat flavones are stable end products of metabolism. However, this procedure does not distinguish between sequential biosynthesis of various flavones and their interconversion. Cinnamic acid was more efficiently (ca. 20 x) converted into oat leaf flavones than was phenylalanine, when the precursor was fed to leaf pieces, and flavones recovered from mesophyll protoplasts. Different labelling patterns were obtained with whole leaf segments and protoplasts which apparently reflect differences in tissue specific flavone biosynthesis of mesophyll and epidermis.

Isolated mesophyll protoplasts incubated with [14C]cinnamic acid synthesize 14C-labelled flavones characteristic of the mesophyll, as well as several unidentified phenylpropanoid derivatives not found in the intact tissue. Data suggest that photosynthetically active mesophyll cells are a main site of tissue specific flavone biosynthesis
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport by the Quinone Antagonist UHDBT
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Masson Klaus , Godde Doris
Published: August 2018

UHDBT (5-n-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole) is an efficient inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts from spinach (pI50-value = 7.61) and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii. At low concentrations of UHDBT its site of inhibition is located at the reducing side of plastoquinone, identical to that of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU). This became evident from functional as well as binding studies. At higher concentrations of UHDBT a secondary inhibition site at the oxidizing side of plastoquinone, identical to that of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBMIB) becomes evident
Partition of Phylloquinone Kx between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Interschick-Niebler E. , Lichtenthaler H. K.
Published: August 2018

The partition of phylloquinone (vitamin K1), of chlorophylls a and b and of the two main carotenoids, β-carotene and lutein, in subthylakoid particles (digitonin treatment) and chlorophyll protein complexes (sodium dodecylsulfate polyamide-gel electrophoresis) isolated from tobacco chloroplasts (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is described.

1. The “light particle” fractions (S 90 000, S 150 000) of digitonin fragmented chloroplasts are enriched in CP I and contain a higher proportion of phylloquinone, chorophyll a and β-carotene as compared to whole chloroplasts. This is visualized by high values for the ratio a/b (6 -8) and for β-carotene/lutein (1.7) as well as about 3 mol of K1 per 100 mol of total chlorophyll.

The “heavy digitonin particle” fraction (10 000 x g sediment), in turn, contains a higher proportion of chlorophyll b and lutein, but a lower level of phylloquinone than whole chloroplasts.

2. The chlorophyll a-protein CP I of pigmentsystem I, isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis using 0.5% and 4% SDS, is characterized by a stable level of phylloquinone (1 mol K1 per 100 mol of total chlorophyll), high chlorophyll a/b ratios (7 -10) and high values for β-carotene/lutein (~ 6.0).

The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein LHCP of photosystem II (chlorophyll a/b = 1.1 - 1.5, β-carotene/lutein = < 0.1) contains either low amounts of phylloquinone (0.5% SDS) or only trace amounts of K1 (4% SDS).

The free pigment fraction (FP) contains at 0.5% SDS 57% of the total phylloquinone of thylakoid membranes. At 4% SDS the K1 amount in the free pigment fraction increases to 84%.

3. The phylloquinone partition studies in digitonin particles and SDS chlorophyll proteins indicate that there exist at least two localization sites for phylloquinone K1 in the photosynthetic membrane. The CP I complex and a second site, presumably near photosystem II (CPa?)
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of Salmine A I
Authors: Bonora G. M. , Bertanzon F. , Moretto V. , Toniolo C.
Published: August 2018

Salmine A I, one of the components of the protamine from salmon, has been purified and characterized. The conformational preferences of salmine A I have been examined as a function of pH, added salts, presence of helix-supporting solvents, and temperature, using circular dichroism. It has been found that this small basic protein adopts predominantly an unordered conformation in aqueous solution. Addition of counter-ions, in particular perchlorate, and 2-chloroethanol induces to various extents the onset of the right-handed α-helical conformation. The results are discussed in comparison with those previously reported on the three main components of clupeine, the protamine from herring, and with the published conformational predictions by various statistical methods
Radioactively Labelled Phytic Acid from Maturing Seeds of Sinapis alba
Authors: Blaicher F. Michael , Mukherjee Kumar D.
Published: August 2018

Maturing seeds of Sinapis alba were incubated with D-[U-14C]glucose, sodium [l-14C]acetate or m>>O[U-14C]inositol in order to prepare radioactively labelled phytic acid with high specific activity. Although each substrate was utilized for the biosynthesis of phytic acid, maximum incorporation of radioactivity into phytic acid was found with rayoinositol. Radiochemical purity of the [U-14C]phytic acid preparations was confirm ed by chromatographic techniques. Such preparations should be useful for the study of interaction of phytic acid with metal ions and proteins and may serve as substrate in the assay of phytase.