bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of sebomics for the analysis of residual skin surface components to detect potential biomarkers of type-1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shetage Satyajit S. , Traynor Matthew J. , Brown Marc B. , Galliford Thomas M. , Chilcott Robert P.
Published: August 2017

Metabolic imbalance in chronic diseases such as type-1 diabetes may lead to detectable perturbations in the molecular composition of residual skin surface components (RSSC). This study compared the accumulation rate and the composition of RSSC in type-1 diabetic patients with those in matched controls in order to identify potential biomarkers of the disease. Samples of RSSC were collected from the foreheads of type-1 diabetic (n = 55) and non-diabetic (n = 58) volunteers. Samples were subsequently analysed to identify individual components (sebomic analysis). There was no significant difference in the rate of accumulation of RSSC between type-1 diabetics and controls. In terms of molecular composition, 171 RSSC components were common to both groups, 27 were more common in non-diabetics and 18 were more common in type-1 diabetic patients. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences between diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers were observed in the recovered amounts of one diacylglyceride (m/z 594), six triacylglycerides (m/z 726–860) and six free fatty acids (m/z 271–345). These findings indicate that sebomic analysis can identify differences in the molecular composition of RSSC components between type-1 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Further work is required to determine the practical utility and identity of these potential biomarkers.
The Calabrian Arc: three-dimensional modelling of the subduction interface
Authors: Maesano Francesco E. , Tiberti Mara M. , Basili Roberto
Published: August 2017

The Calabrian Arc is a one-of-a-kind subduction zone, featuring one of the shortest slab segments (<150 km), one of the thickest accretionary wedges, and one of the oldest oceanic crust in the world. Despite a convergence rate of up to 5 mm/y and well-known intraslab seismicity below 40 km, its shallow interface shows little signs of seismic activity. Nonetheless, it has been attributed as generating historical large earthquakes and tsunamis. To gain insights into this subduction zone, we first made a geological reconstruction of the shallower slab interface (<20 km) and its overlying accretionary wedge by interpreting a grid of 54 seismic reflection lines (8,658 km) with 438 intersections within an area of 105 km2. Then, we constrained a deeper portion of the slab surface (40–350 km) using the seismicity distribution. Finally, we interpolated the two parts to obtain a seamless 3D surface highlighting geometric details of the subduction interface, its lateral terminations and down-dip curvature, and a slab tear at 70–100 km depth. Our 3D slab model of the Calabrian Arc will contribute to understanding of the geodynamics of a cornerstone in the Mediterranean tectonic puzzle and estimates of seismic and tsunami hazards in the region.
Molecular Diversity and Potential Anti-neuroinflammatory Activities of Cyathane Diterpenoids from the Basidiomycete Cyathus africanus
Authors: Wei Jing , Cheng Yuanyuan , Guo Wan-Hui , Wang Da-Cheng , Zhang Qiang , Li Ding , Rong Jianhui , Gao Jin-Ming
Published: August 2017

Ten new polyoxygenated cyathane diterpenoids, named neocyathins A–J (1–10), together with four known diterpenes (11–14), were isolated from the liquid culture of the medicinal basidiomycete fungus Cyathus africanus. The structures and configurations of these new compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D NMR, 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) and HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers’ disease (AD). All isolated compounds were evaluated for the potential anti-neuroinflammatory activities in BV2 microglia cells. Several compounds showed differential effects on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and Aβ1–42-treated mouse microglia cell line BV-2. Molecular docking revealed that bioactive compounds (e.g., 11) could interact with iNOS protein other than COX-2 protein. Collectively, our results suggested that this class of cyathane diterpenoids might serve as important lead compounds for drug discovery against neuroinflammation in AD.
A clue to unprecedented strategy to HIV eradication: “Lock-in and apoptosis”
Authors: Tateishi Hiroshi , Monde Kazuaki , Anraku Kensaku , Koga Ryoko , Hayashi Yuya , Ciftci Halil Ibrahim , DeMirci Hasan , Higashi Taishi , Motoyama Keiichi , Arima Hidetoshi , Otsuka Masami , Fujita Mikako
Published: August 2017

Despite the development of antiretroviral therapy against HIV, eradication of the virus from the body, as a means to a cure, remains in progress. A “kick and kill” strategy proposes “kick” of the latent HIV to an active HIV to eventually be “killed”. Latency-reverting agents that can perform the “kick” function are under development and have shown promise. Management of the infected cells not to produce virions after the “kick” step is important to this strategy. Here we show that a newly synthesized compound, L-HIPPO, captures the HIV-1 protein Pr55Gag and intercepts its function to translocate the virus from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane leading to virion budding. The infecting virus thus “locked-in” subsequently induces apoptosis of the host cells. This “lock-in and apoptosis” approach performed by our novel compound in HIV-infected cells provides a means to bridge the gap between the “kick” and “kill” steps of this eradication strategy. By building upon previous progress in latency reverting agents, our compound appears to provide a promising step toward the goal of HIV eradication from the body.
Dose-related liver injury of Geniposide associated with the alteration in bile acid synthesis and transportation
Authors: Tian Jingzhuo , Zhu Jingjing , Yi Yan , Li Chunying , Zhang Yushi , Zhao Yong , Pan Chen , Xiang Shixie , Li Xiaolong , Li Guiqin , Newman John W , Feng Xiaoyi , Liu Jing , Han Jiayin , Wang Lianmei , Gao Yue , La Frano Michael R. , Liang Aihua
Published: August 2017

Fructus Gardenia (FG), containing the major active constituent Geniposide, is widely used in China for medicinal purposes. Currently, clinical reports of FG toxicity have not been published, however, animal studies have shown FG or Geniposide can cause hepatotoxicity in rats. We investigated Geniposide-induced hepatic injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats after 3-day intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg Geniposide. Changes in hepatic histomorphology, serum liver enzyme, serum and hepatic bile acid profiles, and hepatic bile acid synthesis and transportation gene expression were measured. The 300 mg/kg Geniposide caused liver injury evidenced by pathological changes and increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamytransferase (γ-GT). While liver, but not sera, total bile acids (TBAs) were increased 75% by this dose, dominated by increases in taurine-conjugated bile acids (t-CBAs). The 300 mg/kg Geniposide also down-regulated expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), small heterodimer partner (SHP) and bile salt export pump (BSEP). In conclusion, 300 mg/kg Geniposide can induce liver injury with associated changes in bile acid regulating genes, leading to an accumulation of taurine conjugates in the rat liver. Taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) as well as tauro-α-muricholic acid (T-α-MCA) are potential markers for Geniposide-induced hepatic damage.
Enhancement of spontaneous emission in Tamm plasmon structures
Authors: Gubaydullin A. R. , Symonds C. , Bellessa J. , Ivanov K. A. , Kolykhalova E. D. , Sasin M. E. , Lemaitre A. , Senellart P. , Pozina G. , Kaliteevski M. A.
Published: August 2017

It was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that in metal/semiconductor Tamm plasmon structures the probability of spontaneous emission can be increased despite losses in metal, and theoretical analysis of experimental results suggested that the enhancement could be as high as one order of magnitude. Tamm plasmon structure with quantum dots has been fabricated and the emission pattern has been measured. Electromagnetic modes of the structure have been analyzed and modification of spontaneous emission rates has been calculated showing a good agreement with experimentally observed emission pattern.
Small molecules enhance CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed genome editing in primary cells
Authors: Li Guoling , Zhang Xianwei , Zhong Cuili , Mo Jianxin , Quan Rong , Yang Jie , Liu Dewu , Li Zicong , Yang Huaqiang , Wu Zhenfang
Published: August 2017

CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient customizable nuclease to generate double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome. This process results in knockout of the targeted gene or knock-in of a specific DNA fragment at the targeted locus in the genome of various species. However, efficiency of knock-in mediated by homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway is substantially lower compared with the efficiency of knockout mediated by the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Suppressing NHEJ pathway or enhancing HDR pathway has been proven to enhance the nuclease-mediated knock-in efficiency in cultured cells and model organisms. We here investigated the effect of small molecules, Scr7, L755507 and resveratrol, on promoting HDR efficiency in porcine fetal fibroblasts. Results from eGFP reporter assay showed that these small molecules could increase the HDR efficiency by 2–3-fold in porcine fetal fibroblasts. When transfecting with the homologous template DNA and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and treating with small molecules, the rate of knock-in porcine fetal fibroblast cell lines with large DNA fragment integration could reach more than 50% of the screened cell colonies, compared with 26.1% knock-in cell lines in the DMSO-treated group. The application of small molecules offers a beneficial approach to improve the frequency of precise genetic modifications in primary somatic cells.
De novo transcriptome assembly for the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)
Authors: Mamrot Jared , Legaie Roxane , Ellery Stacey J. , Wilson Trevor , Seemann Torsten , Powell David R. , Gardner David K. , Walker David W. , Temple-Smith Peter , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Dickinson Hayley
Published: August 2017

Spiny mice of the genus Acomys display several unique physiological traits, including menstruation and scar-free wound healing; characteristics that are exceedingly rare in mammals, and of considerable interest to the scientific community. These unique attributes, and the potential for spiny mice to accurately model human diseases, are driving increased use of this genus in biomedical research, however little genetic information is accessible for this species. This project aimed to generate a draft transcriptome for the Common spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Illumina sequencing of RNA from 15 organ types (male and female) produced 451 million, 150 bp paired-end reads (92.4Gbp). An extensive survey of de novo transcriptome assembly approaches using Trinity, SOAPdenovo-Trans, and Oases at multiple kmer lengths was conducted, producing 50 single-kmer assemblies from this dataset. Non-redundant transcripts from all assemblies were merged into a meta-assembly using the EvidentialGene tr2aacds pipeline, producing the largest gene catalogue to date for Acomys cahirinus. This study provides the first detailed characterization of the spiny mouse transcriptome. It validates use of the EvidentialGene tr2aacds pipeline in mammals to augment conventional de novo assembly approaches, and provides a valuable scientific resource for further investigation into the unique physiological characteristics inherent in the genus Acomys.
Omalizumab efficacy in cases of chronic spontaneous urticaria is not explained by the inhibition of sera activity in effector cells
Authors: Serrano-Candelas Eva , Martínez-Aranguren Rubén , Vega Olga , Gastaminza Gabriel , Bartra Joan , Audicana Maria Teresa , Núñez-Córdoba Jorge M. , Algorta Jaime , Valero Antonio , Martin Margarita , Ferrer Marta
Published: August 2017

Omalizumab (OmAb) is a humanized anti-IgE antibody approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). OmAb’s mechanism of action is known to include actions on free IgE and on pre-bound IgE. However, OmAb is equally and rapidly effective against autoimmune and non-autoimmune urticaria where IgE involvement is not clear, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms of action. In this study, we sought to investigate the ability of OmAb to inhibit mast cell and basophil degranulation induced by sera from CSU patients. For this purpose, we performed a comparison between thein vitroincubation of sera from CSU patients treated with OmAb and thein vivoadministration of OmAb in a clinical trial. We found that OmAb addedin vitroto sera from CSU patients did not modify the ability of the sera to induce cell degranulation. Similarly, the sera from patients treated with OmAb in the context of the clinical trial who had a good clinical outcome maintained the capacity to activate mast cells and basophils. Thus, we conclude that the beneficial activity of OmAb does not correlate with the ability of patient sera to induce cell degranulation.
A highly sensitive plasma-based amyloid-β detection system through medium-changing and noise cancellation system for early diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yoo Yong Kyoung , Kim Jinsik , Kim Gangeun , Kim Young Soo , Kim Hye Yun , Lee Sejin , Cho Won Woo , Kim Seongsoo , Lee Sang-Myung , Lee Byung Chul , Lee Jeong Hoon , Hwang Kyo Seon
Published: August 2017

We developed an interdigitated microelectrode (IME) sensor system for blood-based Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis based on impedimetric detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein, which is a representative candidate biomarker for AD. The IME sensing device was fabricated using a surface micromachining process. For highly sensitive detection of several tens to hundreds of picogram/mL of Aβ in blood, medium change from plasma to PBS buffer was utilized with signal cancellation and amplification processing (SCAP) system. The system demonstrated approximately 100-folds higher sensitivity according to the concentrations. A robust antibody-immobilization process was used for stability during medium change. Selectivity of the reaction due to the affinity of Aβ to the antibody and the sensitivity according to the concentration of Aβ were also demonstrated. Considering these basic characteristics of the IME sensor system, the medium change was optimized in relation to the absolute value of impedance change and differentiated impedance changes for real plasma based Aβ detection. Finally, the detection of Aβ levels in transgenic and wild-type mouse plasma samples was accomplished with the designed sensor system and the medium-changing method. The results confirmed the potential of this system to discriminate between patients and healthy controls, which would enable blood-based AD diagnosis.
New approaches to high-resolution mapping of marine vertical structures
Authors: Robert Katleen , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki , Jones Daniel O. B. , Marsh Leigh , D. O. Carter Gareth , Chaumillon Leo
Published: August 2017

Vertical walls in marine environments can harbour high biodiversity and provide natural protection from bottom-trawling activities. However, traditional mapping techniques are usually restricted to down-looking approaches which cannot adequately replicate their 3D structure. We combined sideways-looking multibeam echosounder (MBES) data from an AUV, forward-looking MBES data from ROVs and ROV-acquired videos to examine walls from Rockall Bank and Whittard Canyon, Northeast Atlantic. High-resolution 3D point clouds were extracted from each sonar dataset and structure from motion photogrammetry (SfM) was applied to recreate 3D representations of video transects along the walls. With these reconstructions, it was possible to interact with extensive sections of video footage and precisely position individuals. Terrain variables were derived on scales comparable to those experienced by megabenthic individuals. These were used to show differences in environmental conditions between observed and background locations as well as explain spatial patterns in ecological characteristics. In addition, since the SfM 3D reconstructions retained colours, they were employed to separate and quantify live coral colonies versus dead framework. The combination of these new technologies allows us, for the first time, to map the physical 3D structure of previously inaccessible habitats and demonstrates the complexity and importance of vertical structures.
Enhancement of Plasmonic Performance in Epitaxial Silver at Low Temperature
Authors: Sun Liuyang , Zhang Chendong , Wang Chun-Yuan , Su Ping-Hsiang , Zhang Matt , Gwo Shangjr , Shih Chih-Kang , Li Xiaoqin , Wu Yanwen
Published: August 2017

We report longer surface plasmon polariton propagation distance based on crystalline crystal silver at low temperature. Although enhanced plasmonic performance at low temperature has been predicted for a long time, it has not been directly observed on polycrystalline silver films which suffer from significant plasmonic losses due to grain boundaries and rough silver surface. Here we show that longer propagation distance can be achieved with epitaxial silver at low temperature. Importantly, the enhancement at low temperature are consistent across silver films grown with different methods.
Nogo receptor 1 regulates Caspr distribution at axo-glial units in the central nervous system
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Kim Min Joung , Li Lijun , Velumian Alexander A. , Aui Pei Mun , Fehlings Michael G. , Petratos Steven
Published: August 2017

Axo-glial units are highly organised microstructures propagating saltatory conduction and are disrupted during multiple sclerosis (MS). Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) has been suggested to govern axonal damage during the progression of disease in the MS-like mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here we have identified that adult ngr1−/− mice, previously used in EAE and spinal cord injury experiments, display elongated paranodes, and nodes of Ranvier. Unstructured paranodal regions in ngr1−/− mice are matched with more distributed expression pattern of Caspr. Compound action potentials of optic nerves and spinal cords from naïve ngr1−/− mice are delayed and reduced. Molecular interaction studies revealed enhanced Caspr cleavage. Our data suggest that NgR1 may regulate axo-myelin ultrastructure through Caspr-mediated adhesion, regulating the electrophysiological signature of myelinated axons of central nervous system (CNS).
A canine chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 and its clinical efficacy in canine oral malignant melanoma or undifferentiated sarcoma
Authors: Maekawa Naoya , Konnai Satoru , Takagi Satoshi , Kagawa Yumiko , Okagawa Tomohiro , Nishimori Asami , Ikebuchi Ryoyo , Izumi Yusuke , Deguchi Tatsuya , Nakajima Chie , Kato Yukinari , Yamamoto Keiichi , Uemura Hidetoshi , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Murata Shiro , Ohashi Kazuhiko
Published: August 2017

Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), using therapeutic antibodies has been widely used for some human malignancies in the last 5 years. A costimulatory receptor, PD-1, is expressed on T cells and suppresses effector functions when it binds to its ligand, PD-L1. Aberrant PD-L1 expression is reported in various human cancers and is considered an immune escape mechanism. Antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis induce antitumour responses in patients with malignant melanoma and other cancers. In dogs, no such clinical studies have been performed to date because of the lack of therapeutic antibodies that can be used in dogs. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of c4G12, a canine-chimerised anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, were evaluated in vitro, demonstrating significantly enhanced cytokine production and proliferation of dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A pilot clinical study was performed on seven dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and two with undifferentiated sarcoma. Objective antitumour responses were observed in one dog with OMM (14.3%, 1/7) and one with undifferentiated sarcoma (50.0%, 1/2) when c4G12 was given at 2 or 5 mg/kg, every 2 weeks. c4G12 could be a safe and effective treatment option for canine cancers.
Differential evolutionary patterns and expression levels between sex-specific and somatic tissue-specific genes in peanut
Authors: Song Hui , Zhang Qingping , Tian Pei , Nan Zhibiao
Published: August 2017

The patterns of evolution and expression of tissue-specific genes are poorly understood beyond sex-specific genes. Accordingly, we identified 3,191 tissue-specific genes and 38,745 common genes using 22 RNA-seq datasets from cultivated peanut. The expression levels of tissue-specific genes were significantly lower than those of common genes. Further, the expression levels of sex-specific genes were significantly higher than those of somatic tissue-specific genes. Among sex-specific genes, the expression levels of gynoecium-specific genes were significantly higher than those of androecium-specific genes. Function-specific genes were lacking among tissue-specific genes, and tissue-specific gene annotations overlapped among different tissues. Duplicate gene pairs were classified as homogeneous pairs expressed within the same tissue or heterogeneous pairs expressed in different tissues. Heterogeneous gene pairs evolved more rapidly than homogeneous gene pairs. In addition, somatic tissue-specific genes evolved faster than sex-specific genes. Molecular signatures of selection indicated that somatic tissue-specific genes have mainly experienced relaxed selection, while sex-specific genes have been under stronger selective constraint. Somatic tissue-specific genes had higher codon usage bias than sex-specific genes. These contrasting patterns between somatic tissue-specific and sex-specific genes provide new insights into the basic biology and evolution of peanut, an important crop.
Spatiotemporal database of US congressional elections, 1896–2014
Authors: Wolf Levi John
Published: August 2017

High-quality historical data about US Congressional elections has long provided common ground for electoral studies. However, advances in geographic information science have recently made it efficient to compile, distribute, and analyze large spatio-temporal data sets on the structure of US Congressional districts. A single spatio-temporal data set that relates US Congressional election results to the spatial extent of the constituencies has not yet been developed. To address this, existing high-quality data sets of elections returns were combined with a spatiotemporal data set on Congressional district boundaries to generate a new spatio-temporal database of US Congressional election results that are explicitly linked to the geospatial data about the districts themselves.
Repeated exposure to systemic inflammation and risk of new depressive symptoms among older adults
Authors: Bell J A , Kivimäki M , Bullmore E T , Steptoe A ,   MRC ImmunoPsychiatry Consortium, Bullmore Edward , Vértes Petra E , Cardinal Rudolf , Richardson Sylvia , Leday Gwenael , Freeman Tom , Hume David , Regan Tim , Wu Zhaozong , Pariante Carmine , Cattaneo Annamaria , Zuszain Patricia , Borsini Alessandra , Stewart Robert , Chandran David , Carvalho Livia A , Bell Joshua A , Souza-Teodoro Luis Henrique , Perry Hugh , Harrison Neil , Drevets Wayne , Wittenberg Gayle M , Sun Yu , Jones Declan , Bullmore Edward , Khan Shahid , Stylianou Annie , Henderson Robert B , Carvalho L A
Published: August 2017

Evidence on systemic inflammation as a risk factor for future depression is inconsistent, possibly due to a lack of regard for persistency of exposure. We examined whether being inflamed on multiple occasions increases risk of new depressive symptoms using prospective data from a population-based sample of adults aged 50 years or older (the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing). Participants with less than four of eight depressive symptoms in 2004/05 and 2008/09 based on the Eight-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale were analysed. The number of occasions with C-reactive protein ⩾3 mg l−1 over the same initial assessments (1 vs 0 occasion, and 2 vs 0 occasions) was examined in relation to change in depressive symptoms between 2008/09 and 2012/13 and odds of developing depressive symptomology (having more than or equal to four of eight symptoms) in 2012/13. In multivariable-adjusted regression models (n=2068), participants who were inflamed on 1 vs 0 occasion showed no increase in depressive symptoms nor raised odds of developing depressive symptomology; those inflamed on 2 vs 0 occasions showed a 0.10 (95% confidence intervals (CIs)=−0.07, 0.28) symptom increase and 1.60 (95% CI=1.00, 2.55) times higher odds. In further analyses, 2 vs 0 occasions of inflammation were associated with increased odds of developing depressive symptoms among women (odds ratio (OR)=2.75, 95% CI=1.53, 4.95), but not among men (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.29, 1.68); P-for-sex interaction=0.035. In this cohort study of older adults, repeated but not transient exposure to systemic inflammation was associated with increased risk of future depressive symptoms among women; this subgroup finding requires confirmation of validity.
Selective photothermal inactivation of cells labeled with near-infrared croconaine dye
Authors: Harmatys Kara M. , Battles Paul M. , Peck Evan M. , Spence Graeme T. , Roland Felicia M. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: August 2017

Laser irradiation of a mixed population of two cell lines produced cell death only in the cells that were labeled with croconaine dye.
Sisters together: co-sensitization of near-infrared emission of ytterbium(iii) by BODIPY and porphyrin dyes
Authors: He Hongshan , Bosonetta James D. , Wheeler Kraig A. , May Stanley P.
Published: August 2017

A ytterbium(iii) complex with a BODIPY and a porphyrin as co-sensitizers emits strongly at 978 nm over a broader excitation window between 450–560 nm.
Tuning photochemical properties of phosphorus(v) porphyrin photosensitizers
Authors: Meshkov Ivan N. , Bulach Véronique , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Gostev Fedor E. , Nadtochenko Victor A. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: August 2017

Depending on the nature of axial ligands on P(v) porphyrins, singlet oxygen generation and charge transfer processes may be tuned.
Performance limitations in thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymer:ITIC solar cells
Authors: Yang Fan , Qian Deping , Balawi Ahmed Hesham , Wu Yang , Ma Wei , Laquai Frédéric , Tang Zheng , Zhang Fengling , Li Weiwei
Published: August 2017

Three thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers were applied in non-fullerene solar cells, in which the polymer PTPDBDT provided a high photovoltage but a low quantum efficiency. This was caused by the large phase separation in the bulk-heterojunction as confirmed by systematic studies.
The nature of selenium hydrogen bonding: gas phase spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Mishra Kamal K. , Singh Santosh K. , Ghosh Paulami , Ghosh Debashree , Das Aloke
Published: August 2017

Charge transfer interactions, along with electrostatic and polarization interactions, are important for the strength of hydrogen bonding when poorly electronegative atoms act as hydrogen bond acceptors.
Electrochemical study of the promoting effect of Fe on oxygen evolution at thin ‘NiFe–Bi’ films and the inhibiting effect of Al in borate electrolyte
Authors: Fayad Remi , Dhainy Jihan , Ghandour Hiba , Halaoui Lara
Published: August 2017

Adding Fe3+ or Al3+ to the electrolyte resulted in fast promotion or poisoning, respectively, of catalysis for oxygen evolution at nickel–borate, and both effects were accompanied with anodic shifts in the redox peaks with potential scanning.
cis-Tetrachlorido-bis(indazole)osmium(iv) and its osmium(iii) analogues: paving the way towards the cis-isomer of the ruthenium anticancer drugs KP1019 and/or NKP1339
Authors: Büchel Gabriel E. , Kossatz Susanne , Sadique Ahmad , Rapta Peter , Zalibera Michal , Bucinsky Lukas , Komorovsky Stanislav , Telser Joshua , Eppinger Jörg , Reiner Thomas , Arion Vladimir B.
Published: August 2017

The synthesis and characterization ofcis-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-indazole)2] and its 1e-reduced analog are reported.
H/D scrambling in a chromium-catalyzed dehydrocoupling reaction of a borane–dimethylamine adduct
Authors: Kawano Yasuro , Shimoi Mamoru
Published: August 2017

H/D scrambling took place in a chromium-catalyzed dehydrocoupling reaction of a deuterium-labeled borane–dimethylamine adduct.
A systems biology approach to identify microRNAs contributing to cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Liu Weisha , Wang Shuyuan , Zhou Shunheng , Yang Feng , Jiang Wei , Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Lihong
Published: August 2017

The dysregulated microRNAs contribute to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
1D copper nanowires for flexible printable electronics and high ampacity wires
Authors: Aziz Atif , Zhang Tan , Lin Yen-Hao , Daneshvar Farhad , Sue Hung-Jue , Welland Mark Edward
Published: August 2017

The synthesis and ampacity of copper nanowires is studied in detail. Chemically grown copper nanowires exhibit an ampacity of about 3 × 107A cm−2.
An aluminium-based fluorinated counterion for enhanced encapsulation and emission of dyes in biodegradable polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Andreiuk Bohdan , Reisch Andreas , Pivovarenko Vasyl G. , Klymchenko Andrey S.
Published: August 2017

An aluminium-based anion allows preparation of ultra-bright fluorescent polymer nanoparticles with nearly quantitative cationic dye encapsulation, minimized self-quenching and no dye leakage in live cells.
Study on the preparation and performance of low gas permeability trifluoropropyl phenyl silicone rubber
Authors: Zhu Huaijun , Dai Zilin , Tu Weiping
Published: August 2017

Low gas permeability coating can prevent oxygen and sulphur vapour from permeating into silicone rubber and protect electronic components, chips, electrodes, medicines, etc. from oxidation and sulfuration.
Stable CO anti-poisoning and high durability of a Pt electrocatalyst supported on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sun Jiuxiao , Yu Xinxin , Zhang Quan , Ling Ying , Yang Zehui
Published: August 2017

Stable CO anti-poisoning and high durability of an anodic electrocatalyst are very important for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Room temperature C(sp2)–H oxidative chlorination via photoredox catalysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Xile
Published: August 2017

Photoredox catalysis has been developed to achieve room temperature oxidative C–H chlorination of aromatic compounds using NaCl as the chlorine source and Na2S2O8 as the oxidant.
Flexible and rechargeable Zn–air batteries based on green feedstocks with 75% round-trip efficiency
Authors: Lin Chao , Shinde Sambhaji S. , Wang Yong , Sun Yu , Chen Si , Zhang Haojie , Li Xiaopeng , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: August 2017

Biomass derived flexible and rechargeable Zn–air batteries achieved a record round-trip efficiency of 75%.
Bidirectional motion of filaments: the role of motor proteins and passive cross linkers
Authors: Ghosh Subhadip , Pradeep V. N. S. , Muhuri Sudipto , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Chaudhuri Debasish
Published: August 2017

In cytoskeleton, competition between active motor proteins and passive cross-linkers, may generate fascinating dynamical phases and transitions.
Integration of inverse nanocone array based bismuth vanadate photoanodes and bandgap-tunable perovskite solar cells for efficient self-powered solar water splitting
Authors: Xiao Shuang , Hu Chen , Lin He , Meng Xiangyue , Bai Yang , Zhang Teng , Yang Yinglong , Qu Yongquan , Yan Keyou , Xu Jianbin , Qiu Yongcai , Yang Shihe
Published: August 2017

An inverse nanocone array was fabricated to support nanoporous bismuth vanadate as a photoanode for high efficiency solar water splitting.
Constructing hierarchical dandelion-like molybdenum–nickel–cobalt ternary oxide nanowire arrays on carbon nanotube fiber for high-performance wearable fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Juan , Zhang Qichong , Wang Xiaona , Zhao Jingxin , Guo Jiabin , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhang Jun , Man Ping , Sun Jing , Li Qingwen , Yao Yagang
Published: August 2017

The fabricated electrode delivers high specific capacitance and is applied to fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors.
Integrin β1 activation by micro-scale curvature promotes pro-angiogenic secretion of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Zhengdong , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xun , Kratz Karl , Zou Jie , Lysyakova Liudmila , Heuchel Matthias , Kurtz Andreas , Gossen Manfred , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas
Published: August 2017

A cell culture substrate with micro-scale surface curvature promotes β1 integrin activation and pro-angiogenic secretion of mesenchymal stem cells.
Transferrin-decorated, MoS2-capped hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres as a self-guided chemo–photothermal nanoplatform for controlled drug release and thermotherapy
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Aihua , Chen Chen , Quan Fengyu , Sun Li , Zhang Aitang , Zheng Yiwei , Liu Jingquan
Published: August 2017

In this targeted nanoplatform, MoS2 nanosheets act as the gatekeepers as well as photothermal agent. After NIR triggered endosomal escape, DOX can be released in the presence of intracellular GSH.
Electronic structures and band alignments of monolayer metal trihalide semiconductors MX3
Authors: Liu Pan , Lu Feng , Wu Maokun , Luo Xiaoguang , Cheng Yahui , Wang Xue-Wei , Wang Weichao , Wang Wei-Hua , Liu Hui , Cho Kyeongjae
Published: August 2017

Monolayers of metal trihalide MX3can feasibly be exfoliated from their bulk materials and they have large band gaps.
Incidence of Discomfort During Pure-Tone Audiometry and Measurement of Uncomfortable Loudness Levels Among People Seeking Help for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of patients seen in a tinnitus and hyperacusis therapy clinic for whom presentation levels based on the British Society of Audiology (BSA)–recommended procedures for pure-tone audiometry and determination of uncomfortable loudness levels (ULLs) exceed ULLs, leading to discomfort during administration of these procedures.

Method

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 362 consecutive patients who attended a National Health Service audiology clinic for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis rehabilitation.

Results

For 21% of the patients, presentation levels based on the BSA procedure for pure-tone audiometry exceeded the ULL for at least 1 of the measured frequencies (excluding the first frequency tested, 1 kHz): 0.25, 0.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. For 24% of patients, the starting presentation level of 60 dB hearing level recommended for determination of ULLs exceeded the ULL for at least 1 frequency.

Conclusion

The starting presentation levels used for pure-tone audiometry and measurement of ULLs should be lower than those recommended by the BSA for people with tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Switchable all‐dielectric frequency selective surface based on dielectric resonators
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Bin , Wang Hao‐Fang , Wu Zhi‐Hang , Sun Lei , Zhang Ye‐Rong
Published: August 2017

Here, the authors propose a switchable all‐dielectric frequency selective surface (ADFSS), which is composed of two periodically placed high‐permittivity dielectric resonator (DR) arrays. If the two DR arrays are laminated together, the FSS presents band‐stop property; while if the two DR arrays are separated by a narrow gap, the FSS exhibits band‐pass property. The switching characteristic of the device can be explained with DR theory and effective medium theory. The experimental results of the switchable ADFSS demonstrate a fractional bandwidth of 22.2% and a large field of view in a wide band (from 11.9 to 14.8 GHz), which is consistent with the simulated results. The method can be readily extended to the design of on/off ADFSS at other frequencies.
Application of echo state networks for estimating voltage harmonic waveforms in power systems considering a photovoltaic system
Authors: Deihimi Ali , Rahmani Abolfazl
Published: August 2017

An estimator based on echo state networks (ESNs) is presented in this study to estimate voltage harmonic distortion waveforms at non‐monitored sensitive loads using current and voltage at a monitored location. Since distributed generations such as photovoltaic systems have played a special role in distribution networks so they are considered in this study and their effects on a harmonic voltage waveform estimator are evaluated. Voltage harmonics are considered as the main type of waveform distortion in a power quality approach. Voltage and current harmonics cause an increase in the malfunction of electrical equipment in power systems. To detect and analyse the voltage harmonics, installation of power quality monitors (PQMs) at all buses is not economical. Reducing the cost associated with the monitoring procedure can be achieved by optimising the number of PQMs to be installed. The presented technique is examined on an IEEE 37‐bus network and results from the studies indicate an acceptably high accuracy of ESN estimator.
Infektionen bei außerklinischer Beatmung
Authors: Giesa Christian , Wolter Fabian , Ewig Santiago
Published: August 2017

In patients with home ventilation, there is a markedly higher probability for lower respiratory infections or pneumonia and severe courses due to comorbidity. Tracheobronchitis and pneumonia are often difficult to distinguish. Tracheobronchitis with pronounced secretion which can’t be controlled otherwise can be an indication for antimicrobial therapy.

There are no data available in order to establish a recommendation for the initial empiric calculated antimicrobial therapy in patients with home ventilation. However, risk factors for multi drug resistance (MDR) are mostly present and should be considered in the selection of antimicrobial therapy.

The principles of antimicrobial therapy are also essential for infections in home ventilation: judicious indication, dosage, microbiological investigation, de-escalation and duration of therapy. In individual cases, inhaled antimicrobials are an option.

In order to avoid lower airway infections, adherence to hygienic standards is essential. In addition, invasive ventilation should be avoided wherever possible. If possible, weaning attempts are to be repeated given that invasive ventilation is a risk factor for pneumonia caused by aspiration.
Hyponatriämie: Differenzialdiagnose und Therapie
Authors: Mönig Heiner , Arlt Alexander
Published: August 2017

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in hospitalized patients, with up to 30 % having a plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol/l. It is now clear that the clinical problem extends beyond the neurological symptoms, which can be explained by intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts and brain edema. Instead, chronic hyponatremia is associated with impaired gait stability and an increased risk of bone fragility fractures. Moreover, hyponatremia has been demonstrated to be an indicator of poor prognosis in a variety of conditions.

Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening disorder due to increased intracranial pressure, thus requiring prompt and efficacious treatment. However, overly rapid correction may be complicated by osmotic demyelination syndrome with catastrophic clinical sequelae, i. e., spastic quadriparesis, or even coma or death.

To avoid inappropriate treatment, the underlying pathophysiology in each case as well as the time course (acute vs. chronic) and the clinical and biochemical severity must be considered.

The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a systematic approach to the correct diagnosis and management of hyponatremia based on available European and international guidelines.
Copy, Transform, Combine: Exploring the Remix as a Form of Innovation
Authors: Flath Christoph M. , Friesike Sascha , Wirth Marco , Thiesse Frédéric
Published: August 2017

The reuse of existing knowledge is an indispensable part of the creation of novel ideas. In the creative domain knowledge reuse is a common practice known as “remixing”. With the emergence of open internet-based platforms in recent years, remixing has found its way from the world of music and art to the design of arbitrary physical goods. However, despite its obvious relevance for the number and quality of innovations on such platforms, little is known about the process of remixing and its contextual factors. This paper considers the example of Thingiverse, a platform for the 3D printing community that allows its users to create, share, and access a broad range of printable digital models. We present an explorative study of remixing activities that took place on the platform over the course of six years by using an extensive set of data on models and users. On the foundation of these empirically observed phenomena, we formulate a set of theoretical propositions and managerial implications regarding (1) the role of remixes in design communities, (2) the different patterns of remixing processes, (3) the platform features that facilitate remixes, and (4) the profile of the remixing platform's users.
Efficient colored silicon solar modules using integrated resonant dielectric nanoscatterers
Authors: Neder Verena , Luxembourg Stefan L. , Polman Albert
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate photovoltaic modules with a bright green color based on silicon heterojunction solar cells integrated with arrays of light scattering dielectric nanoscatterers. Dense arrays of crystalline silicon nanocylinders, 100–120 nm wide, 240 nm tall, and 325 nm pitch, are made onto module cover slides using substrate-conformal soft-imprint lithography. Strong electric and magnetic dipolar Mie resonances with a narrow linewidth (Q ∼ 30) cause strong (35%–40%) specular light scattering on resonance (∼540 nm). The green color is observed over a wide range of angles (8°–75°). As the resonant nanoscatterers are transparent for the major fraction of the incident solar spectrum, the relative loss in short-circuit current is only 10%–11%. The soft-imprinted nanopatterns can be applied on full-size solar modules and integrated with conventional module encapsulation. The dielectric Mie resonances can be controlled by geometry, opening up a road for designing efficient colorful or white building-integrated photovoltaics.
Response to “Comment on ‘Stability analysis of the rimming flow inside a uniformly heated rotating horizontal cylinder’” [Phys. Fluids 29, 089101 (2017)]
Authors: Kumawat Tara Chand , Tiwari Naveen
Published: August 2017

This article is a response to the comment article by Ding and Liu where the mentioned sign error in the interfacial heat transfer condition has been corrected. Some key results are shown after incorporating the corrected expression for the interfacial temperature into the governing equation and brief conclusions are provided.
Temperature-dependent activation energy of electromigration in Cu/porous low-k interconnects
Authors: Zheng Hui , Yin Binfeng , Zhou Ke , Chen Leigang , Kuo Chinte
Published: August 2017

In this paper, it was reported that the Time-to-Failure (TTF) of electromigration (EM) in Cu/porous low-k interconnects deviated from the classical Black's Equation at 250–350 °C due to moisture invasion. The EM activation energy (Ea) was 1.003 eV at above 300 °C, whereas the apparent value reduced to be negative below 300 °C, being accompanied by significantly narrowed TTF distribution. The corresponding change in the failure mode was distinctly revealed, which indicated that the oxidation of Ta-based liner due to moisture invasion through the porous low-k contributed significantly and modestly to the EM failure below and above 300 °C. The mechanism of the liner oxidation was interpreted with the theory of field-assisted cation migration, which suggested the steep slowdown of the oxidation from 275 to 300 °C could be ascribed to the substantial decrease in the moisture concentration at the low-k/Ta oxide interface, most probably owing to significant suppression of adsorption and surface diffusion of chemisorbed moisture in the nanoporous low-k. The inconsistent EM behaviors at the lower and higher temperatures were thus interpreted by the competition of intrinsic and extrinsic EM controlled separately by Cu diffusion along the Cu/SiN-based cap layer interface and the moisture-damaged Cu/Ta interface.
Lie and Noether point symmetries for a class of nonautonomous dynamical systems
Authors: Karpathopoulos Leonidas , Paliathanasis Andronikos , Tsamparlis Michael
Published: August 2017

We prove two general theorems that determine the Lie and the Noether point symmetries for the equations of motion of a dynamical system that moves in a general Riemannian space under the action of a time dependent potential W(t,x)=ω(t)V(x). We apply the theorems to the case of a time dependent central potential and the harmonic oscillator and determine all Lie and Noether point symmetries. Finally we prove that these theorems also apply to the case of a dynamical system with linear dumping and study two examples.
Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century
Authors: Wallace Ian J. , Worthington Steven , Felson David T. , Jurmain Robert D. , Wren Kimberly T. , Maijanen Heli , Woods Robert J. , Lieberman Daniel E.
Published: August 2017

Significance

Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent, disabling joint disease with causes that remain poorly understood but are commonly attributed to aging and obesity. To gain insight into the etiology of knee osteoarthritis, this study traces long-term trends in the disease in the United States using large skeletal samples spanning from prehistoric times to the present. We show that knee osteoarthritis long existed at low frequencies, but since the mid-20th century, the disease has doubled in prevalence. Our analyses contradict the view that the recent surge in knee osteoarthritis occurred simply because people live longer and are more commonly obese. Instead, our results highlight the need to study additional, likely preventable risk factors that have become ubiquitous within the last half-century.
Hydrodynamics of microbial filter feeding
Authors: Nielsen Lasse Tor , Asadzadeh Seyed Saeed , Dölger Julia , Walther Jens H. , Kiørboe Thomas , Andersen Anders
Published: August 2017

Significance

Microbes compose the majority of life in aquatic ecosystems and are crucial to the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels and to global biogeochemical cycles. They have evolved different foraging mechanisms of which our understanding is poor. Here, we demonstrate for filter-feeding choanoflagellates—the closest relatives to multicellular life—how the observed feeding flow is inconsistent with hydrodynamic theory based on the current understanding of the morphology. Instead, we argue for the widespread presence of flagellar vanes and suggest an alternative pumping mechanism. We also demonstrate a trade-off in filter spacing that allows us to predict choanoflagellate prey sizes. These mechanistic insights are important to correctly understand and model microbial heterotrophs in marine food webs.