bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography‐guided transcatheter closure of multiple mitral paravalvular leaks demonstrating real time avoidance of device‐induced valve malfunction
Authors: Harrington Jamie K. , Porras Diego , Maschietto Nicola , Marx Gerald R.
Published: June 2019

Transcatheter closure of mitral paravalvular leaks has become an accepted alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients at high risk for reoperation. Device placement using three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance allows en‐face views of the valve and provides detailed information for device sizing and placement. We present a case demonstrating hybrid transapical transcatheter 3D TEE‐guided closure of two mitral paravalvular leaks. We demonstrate real time 3D TEE guidance for device sizing and placement, and early real time recognition of mechanical mitral valve leaflet impairment during device deployment.
Comparison of pheromone trap design and lures for Spodoptera frugiperda in Togo and genetic characterization of moths caught
Authors: Meagher Robert L. , Agboka Komi , Tounou Agbeko Kodjo , Koffi Djima , Agbevohia Koffi Aquilas , Amouze Tomfeï Richard , Adjévi Kossi Mawuko , Nagoshi Rodney N.
Published: June 2019

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a pest of grain and vegetable crops endemic to the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in sub‐Saharan Africa and has appeared in India. An important tool for monitoring S. frugiperda in the USA is pheromone trapping, which would be of value for use with African populations. Field experiments were conducted in Togo (West Africa) to compare capture of male fall armyworm using three commercially available pheromone lures and three trap designs. The objectives were to identify optimum trap × lure combinations with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and cost. Almost 400 moths were captured during the experiment. Differences were found in the number of S. frugiperda moths captured in the various trap designs and with the three pheromone lures, and in the number of non‐target moths captured with each lure. The merits of each trap × lure combination are discussed with respect to use in Africa. A nearly equal number of COI‐CS (161) and COI‐RS (158) moths was captured with no differences found in COI marker proportions among traps or lures. However, the diagnostic rice strain marker Tpi was rarely found. Overall, the genetic characterization of the pheromone trap collections indicated a consistent distribution of genetic markers from 2016 to 2017, suggesting a population at or near equilibrium.
Behavioral problems in children of mothers with epilepsy prenatally exposed to valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam monotherapy
Authors: Huber‐Mollema Yfke , Oort Frans J. , Lindhout Dick , Rodenburg Roos
Published: June 2019

Objective

To examine the behavioral functioning of children prenatally exposed to carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), or valproate (VPA) monotherapy.

Methods

In collaboration with the European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy (EURAP), the Dutch EURAP & Development study was designed, a prospective observational study. Between January 2015 and March 2018, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Social Emotional Questionnaire were used to examine the nature and severity of behavioral problems. VPA‐exposed children were compared to children exposed to CBZ, LTG, or LEV, taking potential confounders into account. A direct comparison was also made between LTG and LEV, as these are first‐choice treatments for many women with epilepsy of childbearing potential.

Results

Of the 405 invited, 181 children were included; 26 were exposed to VPA, 37 to CBZ, 88 to LTG, and 30 to LEV. For most children, both parents completed the behavioral questionnaires. Across all four antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure groups, high percentages of children with clinically relevant behavior problems were found, with behavioral problems occurring in 32% of VPA‐exposed children, 14% of CBZ, 16% of LTG, and 14% of LEV. After controlling for potential confounders, VPA‐exposed children had significantly more social problems than those exposed to LTG (−2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.2 to −0.4; P = 0.022) or LEV (−3.2, CI: −6.1 to −0.3; P = 0.028), and significantly more attention problems than LEV‐exposed children (−3.7, CI: −6.7 to −0.8; P = 0.013). LTG‐exposed children had significantly more attention deficit (−9.2, CI: −17.3 to 1.1; P = 0.026), but significantly less anxious behavior when compared to LEV‐exposed children (9.0, CI: 0.3‐17.6; P = 0.042).

Significance

Compared to population norms, a high proportion of children of mothers with epilepsy exposed prenatally to monotherapy with four common AEDs had clinical behavioral problems reported by parents. Different patterns were seen, with some but not all subscales raised for all AED exposure groups. It is important that prenatally AED‐exposed children are regularly screened for behavioral problems so that appropriate help can be provided.
Usefulness of brain perfusion CT in focal‐onset status epilepticus
Authors: González‐Cuevas Montserrat , Coscojuela Pilar , Santamarina Estevo , Pareto Deborah , Quintana Manuel , Sueiras María , Guzman Lorena , Sarria Silvana , Salas‐Puig Xavier , Toledo Manuel , Rovira Àlex
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the perfusion computed tomography (PCT) patterns in patients with status epilepticus (SE).

Methods

We included consecutive SE patients, diagnosed by ictal encephalography (EEG) findings and clinical semiology, who prospectively underwent a dedicated PCT study of SE in the ictal phase. The perfusion maps were visually analyzed. For the quantitative assessment, regions of interest in areas where the maps suggested abnormalities were compared with the corresponding area in the unaffected contralateral cortex. Asymmetry indices between affected and unaffected hemispheres were calculated for the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT). Nine patients underwent a follow‐up PCT after SE resolution, and the corresponding maps were compared to the ictal maps. In addition, we included a control group of 10 sex‐ and age‐matched patients with SE mimics or postictal phenomena, who also underwent acute PCT during the study period.

Results

The study included 19 patients: mean age 69.47 ± (standard deviation) 15.9 years, 68.4% men. On visual analysis of parametric perfusion maps during the ictal phase, regional cortical hyperperfusion was depicted in 78.9% of patients. Quantitative analysis showed significantly increased rCBF (P = 0.002) and rCBV (P = 0.004) values and decreased TTP (P < 0.001) and MTT (P = 0.001) in cortical areas of the affected vs the unaffected side. The mean asymmetry index was 12.8 for rCBF, 13.7 for rCBV, −3.0 for TTP, and −3.7 for MMT. In the nine patients with a follow‐up PCT, eight showed decreased intensity, rCBV (P = 0.035), and rCBF (P = 0.024) in the hyperperfusion areas. The sensitivity of hyperperfusion detection for the diagnosis of SE was 78.95%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 93.75%, and negative predictive value 69.23%. Comparative quantitative analysis of asymmetry indices for rCBF, rCBV, and MTT between ictal PCT and control patients showed significant differences for all parameters (rCBF P = 0.001; rCBV P = 0.002; TTP P = 0.001; and MTT P = 0.001).

Significance

Visual and quantitative analysis of perfusion maps detects regional hyperperfusion in SE patients with good diagnostic capability. Perfusion was increased in PCT maps of the affected cerebral hemisphere as compared to the contralateral region during the ictal phase. PCT may provide valuable diagnostic information in patients with SE and complement the diagnostic value of EEG.
DEAH box RNA helicase DHX38 associates with satellite I noncoding RNA involved in chromosome segregation
Authors: Nishimura Kanako , Cho Yukiko , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Tani Tokio , Ideue Takashi
Published: June 2019

Noncoding (nc) RNA called satellite I is transcribed from the human centromere region. Depletion of this ncRNA results in abnormal nuclear morphology because of defects in chromosome segregation. Some protein factors interact with this ncRNA and function as a component of a nc ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in mitotic regulation. Here, we found that DHX38, a pre‐mRNA splicing‐related DEAH box RNA helicase, interacts with satellite I ncRNA. Depletion of DHX38 resulted in defective chromosome segregation similar to knockdown of satellite I ncRNA. Interaction between DHX38 and ncRNA was interphase‐specific, but DHX38 depletion affected the function of Aurora B, which associated with satellite I ncRNA at mitotic phase. Based on these findings, we suggest that DHX38 has a role in mitotic regulation as a component of the satellite I ncRNP complex at interphase.
Carotid Cavernous Fistula Mimicking Hemicrania Continua: A Case Report
Authors: Arnold Fiebelkorn Catherine , Lanzino Giuseppe , Chen John J. , Brinjikji Waleed , Eckel Laurence J. , Boes Christopher J.
Published: June 2019

Background

Hemicrania continua is a primary headache disorder characterized by a continuous, unilateral headache associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features that responds to indomethacin. By definition, the symptoms are not referable to an underlying structural pathology. However, several cases of secondary hemicrania continua related to underlying structural lesions have been reported.

Case

We present a case of a 53‐year‐old male with a prolonged, right‐sided headache associated with intermittent right‐sided ptosis, conjunctival injection, tearing, and nasal congestion, suggestive of hemicrania continua, who was found to have an indirect carotid‐cavernous fistula, and who, after endovascular treatment of the fistula, had resolution of his symptoms.

Conclusion

Alternative, and perhaps less common, causes of headache should be considered when the clinical presentation is atypical or does not clearly fulfill diagnostic criteria for primary headache disorders. Carotid cavernous fistulas should be included within this differential, and represent a potentially treatable and reversible cause of otherwise refractory headache.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Carrasquillo Osward Y. , Santiago‐Vazquez Marely , Cardona Rocio , Cruz‐Manzano Mariana , Figueroa Luz D.
Published: June 2019

Background

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and potentially life‐threatening mucocutaneous reactions. Given their rarity, limited cohort studies have been done. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the demographics, etiology, management, clinical and laboratory characteristics, complications, and outcome of SJS/TEN patients seen by the inpatient dermatology service at the University of Puerto Rico.

Methods

A retrospective review of 30 cases with identified diagnosis of SJS, overlap SJS/TEN, or TEN who were consulted to the Dermatology Department of the University of Puerto Rico from 2006 to 2017.

Results

A total of 24 adult and six pediatric cases were reviewed. Females were predominant with a female to male ratio of 1.3 : 1. The most frequent offending drugs identified were antibiotics (56.7%), anticonvulsants (23.3%), and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (16.7%) with the most frequent antibiotic identified being trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23.3%). Seventy percent of patients experienced at least one complication, most often of infectious etiology (80.1%). During hospital course, 73% received pharmacologic therapy (23% received IVIG alone, 17% received steroids alone, and 33% both) versus 27% which received only supportive care. Mortality rate in this study was 13.8%. When comparing SCORTEN at day one of admission, deceased cases had a mean SCORTEN at day 1 of 4.0, while survivors had an average of 1.54 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Antibiotics followed by anticonvulsants were the most frequently offending drugs identified within this study.
Permutation entropies of short‐term interest rates as an early‐warning signal
Authors: Lee Daeyup , Park Hail
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a new method for detecting abnormal movements of short‐term interest rates by using permutation entropy (PE) as a complementary early‐warning signal. Empirical results have shown that the PEs of the US T‐Bill rates plunged below the thresholds of normal movements before the ﬁnancial crisis of 2007–2009, and the PE of 3‐month Euribor similarly dropped before the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010. Additionally, it was found that the PEs of spreads of both domestic interest rates and Libors dropped against the US T‐Bill rates below the thresholds in 2005. This evidence could serve as useful information for policymakers in crisis periods.
Productivity begets less phylogenetic diversity but higher uniqueness than expected
Authors: Thuiller Wilfried , Gravel Dominique , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Lavergne Sébastien , Münkemüller Tamara , Pollock Laura J. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Mazel Florent
Published: June 2019

Aim

The positive effect of primary productivity on animal species richness is one of the most conspicuous ecological features on Earth. However, less is known about the relationship between ecosystems primary productivity and the evolutionary history of biota. Here, we analyse how global primary productivity relates to the phylogenetic structure of vertebrate assemblages, and to the distribution of the most distinct lineages and recently diversified clades.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Amphibians, birds and mammals.

Methods

We calculated relative phylogenetic diversity (i.e. phylogenetic diversity corrected for species richness), standardized effect size of the richness of top 25% evolutionary distinct species and of top 25% species‐level lineage diversification rates. We related these three metrics to mean net primary productivity (NPP) at the global scale, and for each zoogeographic region. We also tested the influence of the spatial scaling of species pool on the overall analyses (global, hemispheric and zoogeographic regions‐based species pools).

Results

Phylogenetic diversity (corrected for species richness) of the three taxa decreases with NPP (in contrast with species richness) and varies considerably in space. High productivity sites harbour more closely related species than low productivity sites consistently across zoogeographic zones. However, the phylogenetically most distinct species are also found in high productivity sites, while the top most rapidly diversifying lineages are found in the least productive sites. Modifying the spatial extent of the species pool did not affect the results much.

Conclusions

Benign conditions in high productivity sites (a) result in denser niche packing and thus allow for the coexistence of many closely‐related species and (b) protect the persistence of evolutionary distinct species. Low productivity sites may harbour fewer, more distinct and temporarily more variable niches that allow maintenance of unique lineages for longer periods of time.
Historical biogeography of herbivorous coral reef fishes: The formation of an Atlantic fauna
Authors: Siqueira Alexandre C. , Bellwood David R. , Cowman Peter F.
Published: June 2019

Aim

To describe the global biogeography of key herbivorous coral reef fish groups since their presumed origins, using data from both fossil and extant species.

Location

Global Cenozoic reefs.

Taxon

Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes), Siganidae (rabbitfishes) and Scarini (parrotfishes).

Methods

We applied the fossilized birth–death model to build chronograms including a comprehensive sampling of extant species and all the fossil occurrences described for each group. With the resulting chronograms, we built biogeographical models considering the geological changes in reef habitat availability since the ancient Tethys Sea. Finally, we used biogeographical stochastic mappings to trace the routes of colonization of the Atlantic Ocean by lineages in our focal taxa.

Results

We found that the Palaeocene–Eocene was a period of significant lineage origination for surgeonfishes and rabbitfishes in the central Tethys Sea with the appearance of ancient genera. Most of these genera were probably extinct by the Eocene–Oligocene boundary as they do not correspond with modern taxa. Parrotfishes, however, originated in the early Oligocene, an epoch that corresponds with the geographical transition of the marine biodiversity hotspot. In all groups, extant genera had similar origin times and all expanded in the Miocene, mainly in the Indo‐Pacific. In the Atlantic, only one parrotfish lineage with Tethyan ancestry appears to have survived. It subsequently gave rise to extant endemic genera (Sparisoma and Cryptotomus). The other extant lineages in the Atlantic all have Indo‐Pacific origins and colonized more recently using different dispersal pathways.

Main conclusions

The Indo‐Pacific herbivorous fish fauna is the result of ongoing lineage expansion that started in the central Tethys. The Atlantic is a composite fauna with just one endemic lineage and at least four colonization events from the Indo‐Pacific.
Sex difference in inappropriate therapy and survival among 1471 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients
Authors: Burger Achim Leo , Schmidinger Herwig , Ristl Robin , Pezawas Thomas
Published: June 2019

Introduction

To assess a potential relationship between sex and outcome in recipients of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD).

Methods and Results

All 1471 ICD recipients between 2000 and 2015 were sex‐related analyzed with the following outcome parameters: overall survival (OS), the occurrence of inappropriate and appropriate antitachycardia pacing (ATP), and shock therapy. We followed 1206 (82%) male and 265 (18%) female ICD recipients during 4.1 ± 3.6 and 4.3 ± 3.8 years, respectively, (P = .369). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in OS between female and male patients (P = .132). After adjustment for relevant confounding factors in a multivariate model, sex remained a nonsignificant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [male] = 1.11; P = .493). Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that women received less appropriate ATP therapy (rate ratio [RR] = 0.37; P = .043), whereas rates of appropriate shock therapy (RR = 1.95; P = .369) did not differ between women and men. No significant differences were observed in the occurrence of inappropriate ATP (RR = 1.22; P = .715) and inappropriate shock therapy (RR = 0.64; P = .121).

Conclusion

Female and male patients equally benefit from ICD therapy in terms of OS. Women are less likely to receive appropriate ATP therapy, whereas appropriate shock and inappropriate ATP and shock therapy are independent of sex.
Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 induces angiogenesis by modulating the matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase balance in endothelial cells
Authors: Gao Z.‐X. , Luo X. , Liu L.‐L. , Lin L.‐R. , Tong M.‐L. , Yang T.‐C.
Published: June 2019

Background

Although angiogenesis is an obvious pathological manifestation in the pathogenesis of syphilis, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis induced by reactions to Treponema pallidum antigens.

Objective

In this study, we sought to determine the role of recombinant T. pallidum Tp47 in promoting angiogenesis in endothelial cells and the related mechanism.

Methods

Evaluation of the pro‐angiogenic activity of recombinant T. pallidum Tp47 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed, and the balance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of Akt/mTOR/S6 pathways in this process were explored.

Results

Under stimulation by Tp47, HUVECs exhibited obvious proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, the apparent promotion of angiogenesis by Tp47 was observed using a zebrafish embryo model. During angiogenesis, the levels of MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 were significantly elevated, whereas those of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 did not change. In addition, after transfection with siRNAMMP‐1 and siRNAMMP‐10, migration and tube formation were significantly inhibited. Akt/mTOR/S6 signalling was found to be involved in upregulating MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 expression, and the sequential blockade of steps in the pathways effectively prevented Tp47‐induced angiogenesis.

Conclusion

The results reveal the underlying mechanism of angiogenesis promoted by Tp47, namely, upregulating MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 expression to disrupt the MMP/TIMP balance through the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of syphilis.
The risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Cross Wendy M. , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Sun Mei , Qin Chunxiang , Tang Siyuan
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives

To investigate the prevalence of depression in the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the related demographic risk factors.

Background

Antenatal depression as a disabling and treatable disease has a wide‐ranging impact on perinatal women and has received extensive attention from researchers.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted at three public hospitals.

Methods

Demographic questionnaire was developed from the literature review, and depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between depression and demographic predictors. STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was applied in this paper (see Appendix S1).

Result

A total of 773 pregnant women participated in the study. 29.6% of participants scored more than 9 points on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In the final logistic model, living in rural area, marital satisfaction, assisted reproductive technology, lacking of prenatal health knowledge and life events were strongly significantly associated with antenatal depression. Moreover, living in an extended family, without Medicare insurance, unemployed, working as civil servants or healthcare workers, and lower household income also predicted antenatal depression. However, education level, smoking or drinking before pregnancy was found not to be associated with antenatal depression.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high. Satisfied with the current marital status, pregnancy without assisted reproductive technology, knowledge of perinatal care and no life events recently were considered as the protective factors for antenatal depression.

Relevance to clinical practice

Antenatal psychological interventions should focus on how to improve the marital satisfaction and the relationship with their family members. More attentions should be paid to the women who have had some life events recently or received assisted reproductive technology for pregnancy.
Reduced plasma PCSK9 response in patients with bacteraemia is associated with mortality
Authors: Rannikko J. , Jacome Sanz D. , Ortutay Z. , Seiskari T. , Aittoniemi J. , Huttunen R. , Syrjänen J. , Pesu M.
Published: June 2019

Background

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enzyme controls blood cholesterol levels by downregulating the expression of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Pathogenic lipids (e.g. lipopolysaccharide) are removed from the circulation by an LDLR/PCSK9‐dependent mechanism; thus, it has been suggested that PCSK9 inhibitors may be beneficial in the treatment of infections. We measured plasma PCSK9 levels in patients with culture‐positive bacteraemia and explored pathogen‐dependent and infection site‐dependent effects as well as correlations between patient characteristics and outcome.

Methods

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in the plasma was measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay from 481 patients with blood culture‐positive infection on days 0 to 4 after admission to the emergency department. Patient outcome and clinical and laboratory data were gathered retrospectively from patient records.

Results

The plasma PCSK9 level was elevated equally in patients with Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacterial infections; particularly high levels were seen in patients with a lower respiratory tract infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia. PCSK9 levels showed a significant positive correlation with C‐reactive protein (CRP) level. Bacteraemia patients with liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse had significantly lower levels of plasma PCSK9. Reduced PCSK9 plasma responses in patients were significantly associated with mortality at days 7, 28 and 90.

Conclusion

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 is upregulated in blood culture‐positive infections. Plasma PCSK9 resembles acute‐phase proteins; its expression is induced during an infection, reduced in liver disease and correlates positively with CRP level. We have shown that PCSK9 levels are lower in patients with a fatal prognosis.
The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review
Authors: Henst Rob H. P. , Pienaar Paula R. , Roden Laura C. , Rae Dale E.
Published: June 2019

Studies have shown bidirectional relationships between short‐ or long‐sleep duration and risk for obesity, non‐communicable diseases, all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. Increasing sleep duration may be an appropriate strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in short‐sleeping individuals. The aim is to review the effects of sleep extension interventions on cardiometabolic risk in adults. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant, English, peer‐reviewed scientific publications (until August 2018). Seven studies that aimed to increase sleep duration in adults by any sleep extension intervention and described at least one cardiometabolic risk factor were included. These studies had a combined sample size of 138 participants who were either healthy (n = 14), healthy short‐sleeping (n = 92), overweight short‐sleeping (n = 10), or pre‐ or hypertensive short‐sleeping (n = 22) individuals. The durations of the sleep extension interventions ranged from 3 days to 6 weeks, and all successfully increased total sleep time by between 21 and 177 min. Sleep extension was associated with improved direct and indirect measures of insulin sensitivity, decreased leptin and peptide tyrosine‐tyrosine, and reductions in overall appetite, desire for sweet and salty foods, intake of daily free sugar, and percentage of daily caloric intake from protein. This review provides preliminary evidence for a role for sleep extension to improve cardiometabolic outcomes and directive towards future studies in the field of cardiometabolic health and sleep.
Permeability barriers of Gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Zgurskaya Helen I. , Rybenkov Valentin V.
Published: June 2019

Most clinical antibiotics do not have efficacy against Gram‐negative pathogens, mainly because these cells are protected by the permeability barrier comprising the two membranes with active efflux. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative strains threatens the utility even of last resort therapeutic treatments. Significant efforts at different levels of resolution are currently focused on finding a solution to this nonpermeation problem and developing new approaches to the optimization of drug activities against multidrug‐resistant pathogens. The exceptional efficiency of the Gram‐negative permeability barrier is the result of a complex interplay between the two opposing fluxes of drugs across the two membranes. In this review, we describe the current state of understanding of the problem and the recent advances in theoretical and empirical approaches to characterization of drug permeation and active efflux in Gram‐negative bacteria.
Effects of a novel missense polymorphism within the SIGLEC5 gene on fertility traits in Holstein‐Friesian cattle
Authors: Puckowska Paulina , Borowska Alicja , Szwaczkowski Tomasz , Oleński Kamil , Kamiński Stanislaw
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to find functional polymorphism within two exons of the SIGLEC5 (sialic acid‐binding Ig‐like lectin‐5) gene and to examine its effects on the production and fertility traits of cows and bulls. Two hundred seventytwo Holstein‐Friesian cows and 574 bulls were included in the study. Novel missense polymorphism (A > G) within exon 3 causing substitution of amino acid arginine by glutamate in position 260 of SIGLEC5 protein (R260Q) was identified by sequencing and digestion by restriction enzyme Msp I. Basic production and fertility traits of cows and estimated breeding values (EBV) of bulls were analysed. The study demonstrated a significant association of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism with days open and calving interval in cows as well as with breeding value for calving interval in bulls. An opposite effect of SIGLEC5 alleles for production and fertility traits was observed: the allele G increased the breeding value for the protein yield, while the allele A increased the breeding value for the calving interval. The current study suggests the involvement of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism in biological processes related to fertility traits. This finding can be applied as a biomarker for a genetic improvement programme in Holstein‐Friesian cattle.
Oxygen uptake plateau occurrence depends on oxygen kinetics and oxygen deficit accumulation
Authors: Niemeyer Max , Leithaeuser Renate , Beneke Ralph
Published: June 2019

We tested the hypothesis that participants with an oxygen uptake () plateau during incremental exercise exhibit a lower VO2‐deficit (VO2DEF)‐accumulation in the submaximal intensity domain due to faster ramp and square wave O2‐kinetics. Twenty‐six male participants performed a standard ramp test (increment: 30 W·min−1), a ramp test with an individualized ramp slope and a two‐step (moderate and severe) square wave exercise followed by a ‐verification bout. VO2DEF was calculated by the difference between individualized ramp test O2 and O2‐demand estimated from steady‐state O2‐kinetics. Twenty‐four participants verified their O2max in the verification test. Ten of them showed a plateau in the individualized ramp test. VO2DEF at the end of this ramp test (4.34 ± 0.60 vs 4.54 ± 0.43 L) was not different between the plateau and the non‐plateau group (P > 0.05). The plateau group had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower VO2DEF 2 minutes before termination of the individualized ramp test (2.24 ± 0.40 vs 2.78 ± 0.33 L). This coincided with a shorter mean response time (43 ± 9 vs 53 ± 7 seconds), a higher increase in O2 per W (10.1 ± 0.2 vs 9.2 ± 0.5 mL·min−1·W−1) at the individualized ramp test as well as shorter time constants of moderate (36 ± 6 vs 48 ± 7 seconds) and severe (62 ± 9 vs 86 ± 10 seconds) square wave kinetics (all P < 0.05). We conclude that the O2‐plateau occurrence requires a fast O2‐kinetics and a low VO2DEF‐accumulation at intensities below O2max.
Clinical outcomes of valganciclovir prophylaxis in high‐risk (D+/R−) renal transplant recipients experiencing delayed graft function
Authors: Freedman Sari R. , Ravichandran Bharath R. , Masters Brian M. , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Haririan Abdolreza , Saharia Kapil K. , Heil Emily L. , Sparkes Tracy
Published: June 2019

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) outcomes with valganciclovir prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients experiencing delayed graft function (DGF) are unclear.

Methods

This single center, retrospective, cohort study of CMV high‐risk (D+/R− with alemtuzumab induction) deceased donor renal transplant recipients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis assessed CMV outcomes in patients experiencing DGF (n = 72) versus those with immediate graft function (IGF; n = 66).

Results

Cytomegalovirus viremia by 12 months occurred at similar rates in the IGF and DGF groups (30.3% vs 26.4%, respectively, P = 0.71) with 89.7% (35/39) of all cases classified as CMV disease. The median time to CMV viremia post transplant was day 141 and 138 in the IGF and DGF groups, respectively (P = 0.30). The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) was higher in the DGF group (18.1% vs 4.6%, P = 0.02) with BPAR preceding CMV in only 1 patient. There was no significant difference in graft loss (1.5% vs 4.2%, P = 0.62) or patient survival (98.5% vs 95.8%, P = 0.62) at 1 year between the IGF and DGF groups, respectively.

Conclusion

Valganciclovir prophylaxis in patients experiencing DGF yielded similar CMV outcomes up to 1‐year post transplant when compared to use in patients with IGF.
Experimental Study of Microgroove Surface Using Three-Dimensional Elliptical Vibration Texturing
Authors: Kurniawan Rendi , Ali Saood , Park Ki Moon , Jung Sang Tae , Ko Tae Jo
Published: June 2019

This paper presents our preliminary study of the microstructured surface on microgrooves patterns, which have manufactured using the three-dimensional elliptical vibration texturing (3D-EVT) method. The 3D-EVT method uses a three-dimensional trajectory of elliptical locus of the cutting tool tip in high vibration frequency to fabricate the microstructure or the vibration mark pattern on the machined surface. The experimental study has been done with a variation of the nominal cutting speeds from 300 to 600 mm/min. The preliminary results showed that in the low nominal cutting speed of 300 and 450 mm/min, the microstructured surfaces were not manufactured well due to the bulging existence on the microstructured surface in which it is correlated with the build-up edge phenomena. On the other hand, a relative excellent microstructured surface can be achieved at the higher nominal cutting speed of 600 mm/min. In addition, a lubricant could be used to obtain an excellent microstructured surface to avoid the built-up edge phenomena.
The innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor 2 controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype
Authors: Hari Priya , Millar Fraser R. , Tarrats Nuria , Birch Jodie , Quintanilla Andrea , Rink Curtis J. , Fernández-Duran Irene , Muir Morwenna , Finch Andrew J. , Brunton Valerie G. , Passos João F. , Morton Jennifer P. , Boulter Luke , Acosta Juan Carlos
Published: June 2019

Innate immune sensing is essential for the proinflammatory program in cellular senescence.
When fat cells are beige, future is brite
Authors: El-Kenawi Asmaa
Published: June 2019

Breast milk lipid mediators sustain brite fat development in infants, which may reduce their risk of future obesity.
Promoting resilience after childhood adversity
Authors: Gee Dylan G.
Published: June 2019

Engaging prefrontal control regions during reappraisal promotes resilience to depression after childhood maltreatment.
Patching up a wounded heart
Authors: O’Cearbhaill Eoin
Published: June 2019

A bioresorbable patch provides structural support and a conduit for minimally invasive stem cell delivery to the heart after myocardial infarction.
3-D seismic images of an extensive igneous sill in the lower crust
Authors: Wrona T. , Magee C. , Fossen H. , Gawthorpe R.L. , Bell R.E. , Jackson C.A.-L. , Faleide J.I.
Published: June 2019

When continents rift, magmatism can produce large volumes of melt that migrate upwards from deep below the Earth’s surface. To understand how magmatism impacts rifting, it is critical to understand how much melt is generated and how it transits the crust. Estimating melt volumes and pathways is difficult, however, particularly in the lower crust where the resolution of geophysical techniques is limited. New broadband seismic reflection data allow us to image the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of magma crystallized in the lower crust (17.5–22 km depth) of the northern North Sea, in an area previously considered a magma-poor rift. The subhorizontal igneous sill is ∼97 km long (north-south), ∼62 km wide (east-west), and 180 ± 40 m thick. We estimate that 472 ± 161 km3 of magma was emplaced within this intrusion, suggesting that the northern North Sea contains a higher volume of igneous intrusions than previously thought. The significant areal extent of the intrusion (∼2700 km2), as well as the presence of intrusive steps, indicate that sills can facilitate widespread lateral magma transport in the lower crust.
High-resolution correlations of strata within a sand-rich clinothem using grain fabric data, offshore New Jersey, USA
Authors: Cosgrove Grace I.E. , Hodgson David M. , Mountney Nigel P. , McCaffrey William D.
Published: June 2019

Trajectories of successive clinoform rollovers are widely applied to predict patterns of spatio-temporal sand distribution. However, the detailed internal architecture of individual clinothems is rarely documented. Understanding the textural complexities of complete topset-foreset-bottomset clinothem sequences is a key factor in understanding how and when sediment is transferred basinward. This study used high-resolution, core-based analyses of 267 samples from three research boreholes from quasi-coeval topset, foreset, and bottomset deposits of a single Miocene intrashelf clinothem recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313, offshore New Jersey, USA. Topset deposits were subdivided into three sedimentary packages based on grain character and facies analysis, consisting of upper and lower river-dominated topset process-regime packages separated by a middle wave- and storm-dominated process-regime package. Temporal variability in topset process regime exerts a quantifiable effect on grain character across the complete depositional profile, which was used here to correlate topset deposits with time-equivalent sedimentary packages in foreset and bottomset positions. River-dominated sedimentary packages have higher sand-to-mud ratios; however, the grain character of river-dominated sedimentary packages is texturally less mature than that of wave- and storm-dominated deposits. Differences in grain character between packages dominated by different process regimes increase basinward. The novel use of quantitative grain-character data allows intraclinothem time lines to be established at a higher resolution than is possible using chronostratigraphic techniques. Additionally, stratigraphic changes in grain character were used to refine the placement of the basal sequence boundary. These results challenge the idea that clinoform trajectories and stacking patterns are sufficient to describe spatio-temporal sand-body evolution across successive clinothems.
Effect of power outages on the use of maternal health services: evidence from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Koroglu Mustafa , Irwin Bridget R , Grépin Karen A
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Electricity outages are common in low/middle-income countries and have been shown to adversely affect the operation of health facilities; however, little is known about the effect of outages on the utilisation of health services.

Methods

Using data from the 2015–2016 India Demographic Health Survey, combined with information on electricity outages as reported by the state electricity provider, we explore the associations between outage duration and frequency and delivery in an institution, skilled birth attendance, and caesarean section delivery in Maharashtra State, India. We employ multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for individual and household-level covariates as well as month and district-level fixed effects.

Results

Power outage frequency was associated with a significantly lower odds of delivering in an institution (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), and the average number of 8.5 electricity interruptions per month was found to yield a 2.08% lower likelihood of delivering in a facility, which translates to an almost 18% increase in home births. Both power outage frequency and duration were associated with a significantly lower odds of skilled birth attendance (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, and OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.992 to 0.999, respectively), while neither power outage frequency nor duration was a significant predictor of caesarean section delivery.

Conclusion

Power outage frequency and duration are important determinants of maternal health service usage in Maharashtra State, India. Improving electricity services may lead to improved maternal and newborn health outcomes.
Cost-effectiveness of scaling up of hepatitis C screening and treatment: a modelling study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jungyeon , Haacker Markus , Keshavjee Salmaan , Atun Rifat
Published: June 2019

Background

The prices and the coverage of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C vary across countries. South Korea expanded DAAs coverage through national health insurance. This study aims to analyse the cost-effectiveness of scale-up of hepatitis C screening and treatment with DAAs in South Korea, a high-income country.

Methods

This study uses a compartmental age–sex structured model of progression of hepatitis C to analyse effects of different policy choices for the scale up of screening and treatment with DAAs on hepatitis C disease burden and costs from 2017 to 2050. Policy scenarios considered in our study are (1) no treatment, (2) status quo, (3) screening population aged over 60 years, (4) screening population over 40 years and (5) screening population aged over 20 years.

Results

The continuation of current policy with the expansion of DAAs coverage is estimated to reduce the prevalence of hepatitis C antibody from 0.6% in 2015 to 0.25% in 2050 of the adult population. Status quo policy, screening from age 60, screening from age 40 and screening from age 20 are cost-effective in terms of averted infection at estimated incremental cost-effective ratio of US$101 208, US$111 770, US$107 909 and US$229 604.

Conclusions

The expansion of DAAs coverage by the national health insurance is highly effective in alleviating hepatitis C disease burden. The scale-up of screening and treatment with DAAs for targeted adult population with high prevalence of hepatitis C is cost-effective. This study provides a case for policy-makers to invest in rapid expansion of hepatitis C comprehensive screening and treatment with DAAs.
Is self-esteem associated with self-rated health among French college students? A longitudinal epidemiological study: the i-Share cohort
Authors: Arsandaux Julie , Michel Grégory , Tournier Marie , Tzourio Christophe , Galéra Cédric
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of the study was to estimate the association between self-esteem and subsequent self-rated health during college years, taking into account a wide range of potential confounders.

Design

Prospective longitudinal study.

Setting

The French i-Share cohort.

Participants

The sample consisted of 1011 college students.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The association between self-esteem and later self-rated health was evaluated using multivariate modelling.

Data regarding self-rated health, global self-esteem and demographic, educational, social, behavioural, environmental and financial characteristics were collected through an internet-based questionnaire.

Results

The 1011 participants had a median age of 21.9 years and 79% (795/1011) were females. Self-rated health was assessed a median of 8 months after the self-esteem measurement. Twenty per cent of the students declared average to very poor health (203/1011). Students with higher levels of self-esteem were more likely to declare good or very good self-rated health (adjusted OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.72, p value=0.001). Other factors associated with good or very good self-rated health were low body mass index, a comfortable financial situation during childhood and three personality traits (low persistence and harm avoidance and high cooperativeness).

Conclusions

This study offers novel findings on the impact of self-esteem on self-rated health among college students. Interventions targeting self-esteem should be experimented during university years in order to improve health outcomes.
Single-centre, triple-blinded, randomised, 1-year, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function in subjects with morbid obesity: a protocol for the Obesitysurgery in Tønsberg(Oseberg) study
Authors: Borgeraas Heidi , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Birkeland Kåre Inge , Fatima Farhat , Grimnes John Olav , Gulseth Hanne L , Halvorsen Erling , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Hillestad Tor Olav Widerøe , Johnson Line Kristin , Karlsen Tor-Ivar , Kolotkin Ronette L , Kvan Nils Petter , Lindberg Morten , Lorentzen Jolanta , Nordstrand Njord , Sandbu Rune , Seeberg Kathrine Aagelen , Seip Birgitte , Svanevik Marius , Valderhaug Tone Gretland , Hofsø Dag
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognised as an effective treatment option for subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, there is no conclusive evidence on the superiority of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The Oseberg study was designed to compare the effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function.

Methods and analysis

Single-centre, randomised, triple-blinded, two-armed superiority trial carried out at the Morbid Obesity Centre at Vestfold Hospital Trust in Norway. Eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The primary outcome measures are (1) the proportion of participants with complete remission of type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≤6.0% in the absence of blood glucose-lowering pharmacologic therapy) and (2) β-cell function expressed by the disposition index (calculated using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis) 1 year after surgery.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol of the current study was reviewed and approved by the regional ethics committee on 12 September 2012 (ref: 2012/1427/REK sør-øst B). The results will be disseminated to academic and health professional audiences and the public via publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Participants will receive a summary of the main findings.

Trial registration number

NCT01778738;Pre-results.