bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jones Hannah , Willis Jenny A , Firth Lucy C , Giachello Carlo N G , Gilestro Giorgio F
Published: December 2022

Understanding how the brain encodes behaviour is the ultimate goal of neuroscience and the ability to objectively and reproducibly describe and quantify behaviour is a necessary milestone on this path. Recent technological progresses in machine learning and computational power have boosted the development and adoption of systems leveraging on high-resolution video recording to track an animal pose and describe behaviour in all four dimensions. However, the high temporal and spatial resolution that these systems offer must come as a compromise with their throughput and accessibility. Here we describecoccinella, an open-source reductionist framework combining high-throughput analysis of behaviour using real-time tracking on a distributed mesh of microcomputers (ethoscopes) with resource-lean statistical learning (HCTSA/Catch22). Coccinella is a reductionist system, yet outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives when exploring the pharmacobehaviour inDrosophila melanogaster.
A ligand-receptor interactome atlas of the zebrafish
Authors: Chodkowski Milosz , Zieleziński Andrzej , Anbalagan Savani
Published: December 2022

Studies in zebrafish can unravel the functions of cellular communication and thus identify novel bench-to-bedside drugs targeting cellular communication signaling molecules. Due to the incomplete annotation of zebrafish proteome, the knowledge of zebrafish receptome, secretome and tools to explore their interactome is limited. To address this gap, wede novopredicted the cellular localization of zebrafish reference proteome using deep learning algorithm. We combined the predicted and existing annotations on cellular localization of zebrafish proteins, and created repositories of zebrafish secretome, receptome, and interactome as well as associated diseases and targeting drugs. Unlike other tools, our interactome atlas is primarily based on physical interaction data of zebrafish proteome. The resources are available as R and Python scripts (https://github.com/DanioTalk).DanioTalkprovides a novel resource for researchers interested in targeting cellular communication in zebrafish, as we demonstrate in applications studying synapse and axo-glial interactome.
Cryo-EM structures of chronic traumatic encephalopathy tau filaments with PET ligand flortaucipir
Authors: Shi Yang , Ghetti Bernardino , Goedert Michel , Scheres Sjors H.W.
Published: December 2022

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows monitoring the progression of amyloid aggregation in the living brain. [18F]-Flortaucipir is the only approved PET tracer compound for the visualisation of tau aggregation. Here, we describe cryo-EM experiments on tau filaments in the presence and absence of flortaucipir. We used tau filaments isolated from the brain of an individual with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and from the brain of an individual with primary age-related tauopathy (PART) with a co-pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Unexpectedly, we were unable to visualise additional cryo-EM density for flortaucipir for AD paired helical or straight filaments (PHFs or SFs), but we did observe density for flortaucipir binding to CTE Type I filaments from the case with PART. In the latter, flortaucipir binds in a 1:1 molecular stoichiometry with tau, adjacent to lysine 353 and aspartate 358. By adopting a tilted geometry with respect to the helical axis, the 4.7 Å distance between neighbouring tau monomers is reconciled with the 3.5 Å distance consistent with π-π-stacking between neighbouring molecules of flortaucipir.
Neural Correlates of Temporal Anticipation
Authors: Grabenhorst Matthias , Michalareas Georgios
Published: December 2022

Temporal anticipation is a fundamental process underlying complex neural functions such as associative learning, decision-making, and motor-preparation. Here we study event anticipation in its simplest form in human participants using magnetoencephalography. We distributed events in time according to different probability density functions and presented the stimuli separately in two different sensory modalities. We found that the temporal dynamics in right parietal cortex correlate with reaction times to anticipated events. Specifically,afteran event occurred, event probability was represented in right parietal activity, hinting at a functional role of event-related potential component P300 in temporal expectancy. The results are consistent across both visual and auditory modalities. The right parietal cortex seems to play a central role in the processing of event probability density. Overall, this work contributes to the understanding of the neural processes involved in the anticipation of events in time.
A framework for community curation of interspecies interactions literature
Authors: Cuzick Alayne , Seager James , Wood Valerie , Urban Martin , Rutherford Kim , Hammond-Kosack Kim E.
Published: December 2022

The quantity and complexity of data being generated and published in biology has increased substantially, but few methods exist for capturing knowledge about phenotypes derived from molecular interactions between diverse groups of species, in such a way that is amenable to data-driven biology and research. To improve access to this knowledge, we have constructed a framework for the curation of the scientific literature studying interspecies interactions, using data curated for the Pathogen-Host Interactions Database (PHI-base) as a case study. The framework provides a curation tool, phenotype ontology and controlled vocabularies to curate pathogen-host interaction data (at the level of the host, pathogen, strain, gene and genotype). The concept of a multispecies genotype, the ‘metagenotype’, is introduced to facilitate capturing changes in the pathogens’ disease-causing abilities, and host resistance or susceptibility observed by gene alterations. We report on this framework and describe PHI-Canto, a community curation tool for use by publication authors.
Unlocking the therapeutic potential of the corneal endothelium: Intravital imaging reveals endogenous regenerative capabilities
Authors: Marshall Maxwell , Ramarapu Raneesh , Ohman Lisa , Samasa Bakary , Papp Tyler , Hamideh Parhiz , Park Sangwan , Leonard Brian C. , Thomasy Sara M. , Rompolas Panteleimon
Published: December 2022

Loss of vision due to corneal endothelial dysfunction affects millions worldwide. The development of new treatments is hampered by the incomplete knowledge of the regenerative capacity of corneal endothelial cellsin vivo. Herein, we developed a mouse model to directly monitor corneal endothelial regeneration in real time, and at the single cell level, by two-photon microscopy. We show that the mouse corneal endothelium recapitulates the main features of human endothelial physiology, including complete cellular quiescence and a decline in cell density with aging. Critically, we demonstrate the endogenous regenerative potential of the tissue by capturing the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells during repair of large injuries. By single cell lineage tracing analysis, we provide evidence that corneal endothelial cells are equipotent in their ability to activate the cell cycle and contribute to tissue regeneration. Based on these findings we developed a feasible therapeutic approach to stimulate the regeneration of the corneal endothelium, using modified mRNA technology. To reprogram corneal endothelial cells in vivo and unlock their ability to escape quiescence, we combined five modified mRNAs encoding for proteins involved in cell cycle activation. Injection of the encapsulated mRNAs directly into the eye of older mice induced transient proliferation of corneal endothelial cells that led to an increase in endothelial cell density, effectively reversing the effect of aging. This therapeutic strategy offers a compelling paradigm for treating ocular disease and modulating tissue regeneration in organs with limited endogenous ability.
Soaring migrants flexibly respond to sea-breeze in a migratory bottleneck: using first derivatives to identify behavioural adjustments over time
Authors: Becciu Paolo , Troupin David , Dinevich Leonid , Leshem Yossi , Sapir Nir
Published: December 2022

Millions of birds travel every year between Europe and Africa detouring ecological barriers and funnelling through migratory corridors where they face variable weather conditions. Little is known regarding the response of migrating birds to mesoscale meteorological processes during flight. Specifically, sea-breeze has a daily cycle that may directly influence the flight of diurnal migrants. We collected radar tracks of soaring migrants using modified weather radar in Latrun, central Israel, in 7 autumns between 2005 and 2016. We investigated how migrating soaring birds adjusted their flight speed and direction under the effects of daily sea-breeze circulation. We analysed the linear and, uniquely, the non-linear effects of wind on bird ground-, air- and sideways speed as function of time along the day using Generalized Additive Mixed Models and calculated first derivatives to identify when birds adjusted their response to the wind over time. Using data collected during a total of 148 days, we characterised the diel dynamics of horizontal wind flow in its two vectorial components relative to soaring migration goal (South), finding a consistent rotational movement of the wind blowing towards the East (morning) and to the South-East (late afternoon), with highest speed of crosswind component around mid-day and increasing tailwinds towards the late afternoon. We found that the airspeed of radar detected birds decreased consistently with increasing tailwind throughout the day, resulting in a rather stable groundspeed of 16-17 m/s. In addition, birds increased their sideways speed when crosswinds were at their maximum to an extent similar to that of the wind’s sideways component, meaning a full compensation to wind drift, which decreased after the time of crosswind maximum. Using a simple, novel and broadly applicable statistical method, we studied, for the first time, how wind influences bird flight by highlighting non-linear effects over time, providing new insights regarding the behavioural adjustments in the response of soaring birds to wind conditions. Our work enhances our understanding of how migrating birds respond to changing wind conditions during their journeys in order to exploit migratory corridors.
Tau regulates Arc stability in neuronal dendrites via a proteasome-sensitive but ubiquitin-independent pathway
Authors: Yakout Dina W. , Shroff Ankit , Thaker Vishrut , Allen Zachary D. , Nazarko Taras Y. , Mabb Angela M.
Published: December 2022

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates of the microtubule associated protein tau, a main component of neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of tauopathy and dementia, with amyloid-beta pathology as an additional hallmark feature of the disease. Besides the role of tau in stabilizing microtubules, it is localized at postsynaptic sites and can disrupt synaptic plasticity when knocked out or overexpressed. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), is an immediate early gene that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Arc has been implicated in AD pathogenesis, where it was found to regulate activity-dependent release of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Here we show that Arc protein is upregulated in the hippocampus of tau knockout (Tau KO) mice and in dendrites of Tau KO primary hippocampal neurons. Conversely, overexpression of tau decreased Arc stability exclusively in neuronal dendrites and was coupled to an increase in the expression of dendritic and somatic surface GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. The Tau-dependent decrease in Arc was proteasome sensitive, yet independent of Arc ubiquitination and required the endophilin-binding domain of Arc, which is essential for promoting the endocytosis of AMPA receptors. Importantly, these effects on Arc stability and GluA1 localization were not observed in the commonly studied tau mutant, P301L. Our findings show a physiological role for tau in regulating Arc and implicate specific variants of tau in regulating Arc stability and AMPA receptor targeting, which may in part explain observed deficits in synaptic plasticity in select types of tauopathies.
Multiple pathways for reestablishing PAR polarity inC. elegansembryo
Authors: Koch Laurel A. , Rose Lesilee S.
Published: December 2022

Asymmetric cell divisions, where cells divide with respect to a polarized axis and give rise to daughter cells with different fates, are critically important during development. In many such divisions, the conserved PAR polarity proteins accumulate in distinct cortical domains in response to a symmetry breaking cue. The one-cellC. elegansembryo has been a paradigm for understanding mechanisms of PAR polarization, but much less is known about polarity reestablishment during subsequent divisions. Here, we investigate the polarization of the P1 cell of the two-cell embryo. A posterior PAR-2 domain forms in the first four minutes of the birth of P1, and polarization becomes stronger over time. Initial polarization depends on the PKC-3 and PAR-1 kinases. However, inpar-1mutants, delayed polarization can occur, at a time when centrosome-associated AIR-1 is near the posterior cortex and myosin flows towards the anterior. Loss of myosin andpar-1function together results in more severe polarity defects. Based on these and other results, we propose that PAR polarity in the P1 cell is generated by at least two redundant mechanisms: There is a novel early pathway dependent on PAR-1, PKC-3 and cytoplasmic polarity, and a late pathway that resembles symmetry breaking in the one-cell embryo and requires myosin flow and PKC-3.
Parahippocampal neurons encode task-relevant information for goal-directed navigation
Authors: Gonzalez Alexander , Giocomo Lisa M.
Published: December 2022

A behavioral strategy crucial to survival is directed navigation to a goal, such as a food or home location. One potential neural substrate for supporting goal-directed navigation is the parahippocampus, which contains neurons that represent an animal’s position, orientation, and movement through the world, and that change their firing activity to encode behaviorally relevant variables such as reward. However, little prior work on the parahippocampus has considered how neurons encode variables during goal-directed navigation in environments that dynamically change. Here, we recorded single units from rat parahippocampal cortex while subjects performed a goal-directed task. The maze dynamically changed goal-locations via a visual cue on a trial-to-trial basis, requiring subjects to use cue-location associations to receive reward. We observed a mismatch-like signal, with elevated neural activity on incorrect trials, leading to rate-remapping. The strength of this remapping correlated with task performance. Recordings during open-field foraging allowed us to functionally define navigational coding for a subset of the neurons recorded in the maze. This approach revealed that head-direction coding units remapped more than other functional-defined units. Taken together, this work thus raises the possibility that during goal-directed navigation, parahippocampal neurons encode error information reflective of an animal’s behavioral performance.
Implementation of Rapid Genome Sequencing for Infants with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hays Thomas , Hernan Rebecca , Disco Michele , Griffin Emily , Goldshtrom Nimrod , Vargas Diana , Krishnamurthy Ganga , Rehman Atteeq U. , Wilson Amanda T. , Guha Saurav , Phadke Shruti , Okur Volkan , Robinson Dino , Felice Vanessa , Abhyankar Avinash , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Chung Wendy K.
Published: December 2022

Background

Rapid genome sequencing (rGS) has been shown to improve the care of critically ill infants. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality, and is often caused by genetic disorders, yet the utility of rGS has not been prospectively studied in this population.

Methods

We conducted a prospective evaluation of the use of rGS to improve the care of infants with CHD in our cardiac neonatal intensive care unit (CNICU).

Results

In a cohort of 48 infants with CHD, rGS diagnosed 14 genetic disorders in 13 (27%) individuals and led to changes in clinical management in eight (62%) cases with diagnostic results. These included two cases in whom genetic diagnoses helped avert intensive, futile interventions prior to CNICU discharge, as well as three cases in whom eye disease was diagnosed and treated in early childhood. Genetic disorders were associated with small for gestational age birth weight.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first prospective evaluation of rGS for infants with CHD to our knowledge. We found that rGS diagnosed genetic disorders in 27% of cases and led to changes in management in 62% of cases with diagnostic results. Our model of care was enabled by multidisciplinary coordination between neonatologists, cardiologists, surgeons, geneticists, and genetic counselors. These findings highlight the important role for rGS in CHD and demonstrate the need for expanded study of how to implement this resource to a broader population of infants with CHD.
A scoring function for the prediction of protein complex interfaces based on the neighborhood preferences of amino acids
Authors: Nagaraju Mulpuri , Liu Haiguang
Published: December 2022

Proteins often assemble into functional complexes, the structures of which are more difficult to obtain than those of the individual protein molecules. Given the structures of the subunits, it is possible to predict plausible complex models via computational methods such as molecular docking. Assessing the quality of the predicted models is crucial to obtain correct complex structures. Here, an energy-scoring function was developed based on the interfacial residues of structures in the Protein Data Bank. The statistically derived energy function (Nepre) imitates the neighborhood preferences of amino acids, including the types and relative positions of neighboring residues. Based on the preference statistics, a program iNepre was implemented and its performance was evaluated with several benchmarking decoy data sets. The results show that iNepre scores are powerful in model ranking to select the best protein complex structures.
Financial reporting, debt covenants and convertible debts
Authors: Lau Chee Kwong
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study proposes an alternative perspective on why firms issue convertible debt, to supplement the largely theoretical motives identified in the existing literature. It hypothesises that the separate presentation of convertible debt into its equity and liability components has economic consequences and advantage that explain why firms issue convertible over non-convertible debt, consistent with the debt covenant hypothesis. The purpose of this paper is to address the proposed perspective and hypothesis.

Design/methodology/approach

Data on convertible debt, gearing (debt assets and debt equity), debt issuance and retirement, etc. were collected for a sample of 1,104 firms listed on Bursa Malaysia. Regression analyses were then used to assess the hypotheses on how gearing affects the use of convertible debt and the impacts of its use on changes in gearing over the financing cycle.

Findings

Firms with higher gearing, and possibly those close to violating debt covenants, are more likely to issue convertible than non-convertible debt. In addition, the use of convertible rather than non-convertible debt both reduces the increase in gearing when debts are issued and leads to a larger decrease in gearing during debt retirements via conversion.

Practical implications

These effects on gearing provide firms with additional financial flexibility and enhance firms' capacity to borrow more from other sources, a lower-debt advantage.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the informational role of financial reporting in addressing the stewardship emphasis, as part of the decision usefulness objective of financial reporting in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.
Disentangling the roles of academic major and gender in determining entrepreneurial intentions among students
Authors: Polin Brian A.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to compare the levels of EI of male and female students, EI among students of three different academic faculties: business, engineering and nursing and the degree of change in their EI over the course of study. Additionally, the authors set out to isolate and quantify the effects of gender and field of study, independent of each other.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical research is based on a survey of >750 undergraduate college students, in which participants answered a host of Likert-scale questions concerning perceptions of risk, self-efficacy, career path and entrepreneurial intent (EI). The survey also contained a number of demographic questions, including academic field (major) and year of study.

Findings

Business students express the highest levels of EI, followed by engineering students and nursing students respectively. Regardless of discipline, students become no more or less entrepreneurial over their years of study. Overall, males were found to be significantly more entrepreneurial than females. However, a comparison of males and females within a given faculty yielded almost no differences in EI between the genders.

Originality/value

These findings suggest that students self-select into fields of study based on traits, personalities and interests. It is these same factors that regulate one's EI and not their gender or field of study. Others have analyzed the effects of gender and field of study, the authors isolated the two and analyzed each independently.
Determinants of maternal healthcare-seeking behaviours in Ghana
Authors: Bawuah Alex , Ampaw Samuel
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the determinants of maternal healthcare services (MHS) utilisation in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, logit and negative binomial regressions were used to model data from a recent nationally representative survey (the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey). The analysis is observational, without causal implications. The authors measure MHS utilisation by four indicators: antenatal care (ANC) use, the number of ANC clinic visits, choice of health facility delivery and postnatal care (PNC) use.

Findings

Age, parity, education, marital status, wealth, residence and health facilities concentration proved to be significant predictors of MHS use in Ghana. Specifically, older, married and educated women; women of lower parity; those living in urban areas and women from wealthier households were more likely to use MHS. The authors also find that health facilities and personnel predicted higher MHS use. Lastly, women with frequent stillbirths had higher MHS use.

Practical implications

The results for health facilities and personnel suggest that increasing the supply of health centres and workers may enhance MHS use. The authors conclude that women of lower socio-economic status have worse MHS use, meaning empowering such women might increase such women's MHS use.

Originality/value

Existing data suggest falling MHS use in Ghana. Yet, the extant works are based on relatively old data or lack external validity (besides using limited MHS indicators). This paper provides recent and generalisable evidence for public health policies. Additionally, this paper tests the statistical significance of some supply-side factors that have yet to be emphasised in the literature.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2022-0199.
Corporate social responsibility and trade credit: the role of textual features
Authors: Ma Baojun , He Jingxia , Yuan Hui , Zhang Jian , Zhang Chi
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is significant in the financial market. Despite plenty of existing research on CSR, few studies have quantified the fine-grained aspects of CSR and examined how diverse CSR aspects are associated with firms' trade credit. Based on the released CSR reports, this paper strives to measure the CSR fulfillment of firms and examine the relationships between CSR and trade credit in terms of textual features presented in these reports.

Design/methodology/approach

This research proposes a natural language processing-based framework to extract the overall readability and the sentiment of fine-grained aspects from CSR reports, which can signal the performance of firms' CSR in diverse aspects. Furthermore, this paper explores how the textual features are associated with trade credit through partial dependence plots (PDPs), and PDPs can generate both linear and nonlinear relationships.

Findings

The study’s results reveal that the overall readability of the reports is positively associated with trade credit, while the performance of the fine-grained CSR aspects mentioned in the CSR reports matters differently. The performance of the environment has a positive impact on trade credit; the performance of creditors, suppliers and information disclosure, shows a U-shaped influence on trade credit; while the performance of the government and customers is negatively associated with trade credit.

Originality/value

This study expands the scope of research on CSR and trade credit by investigating fine-grained aspects covered in CSR reports. It also offers some managerial implications in the allocation of CSR resources and the presentation of CSR reports.
Boosting Foreign Investment: The Role of Certification of Corporate Governance
Authors: BONETTI PIETRO , ORMAZABAL GAIZKA
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the economic consequences of certification of corporate governance practices. For identification, we exploit a recent cross‐country initiative by a coalition of key institutions in Southeast Asia; the periodic publication of a “Top List” of companies in the region selected based on an independent assessment of corporate governance practices. Our results suggest that being included in the list induces an increase in foreign investment and changes in corporate governance practices. The announcement of the Top List elicits a positive stock market response among constituents and is followed by higher accounting performance. Overall, the evidence suggests that the certification of governance practices is a meaningful tool to boost foreign investment.
Enhancement of γ‐aminobutyric acid content in shells of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) under anoxic vacuum conditions
Authors: Chen Juo‐Yu , Shyu Yuan‐Tay , Wu Sz‐Jie
Published: December 2022

Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a popular all‐weather fruit eaten fresh or processed. Its shells, which currently are mostly discarded as waste and hurt the environment, account for more than half of the passion fruit. The shells contain gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and has many proven medical values such as antidepressant, anti‐anxiety, etc. Many studies have shown that GABA production in plants can be significantly increased by reverse stress. Taking Tainong 1 as a typical passion fruit cultivar, this study explored the optimal anoxic vacuum treatment for increasing the GABA content of passion fruit shells. The content increased to 2139.25 ± 26.69 mg/100 g on day 4 of chill storage after vacuum packing (63.68% higher than the control). The activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were significantly higher in the vacuum‐treated group than in the control group after 4 days of vacuum‐chill storage. On day 5 of vacuum‐chill storage, the activities of all measured enzymes decreased except for the increase of GABA transaminase (GABA‐T), which was accompanied by a decrease in GABA content. Vacuum treatment and subsequent chill storage increased the content of GABA, thereby increasing functional value of passion fruit shells.
Experimental model of micronodular thymic neoplasm with lymphoid stroma
Authors: Niwa Riko , Hanamatsu Yuki , Kito Yusuke , Saigo Chiemi , Takeuchi Tamotsu
Published: December 2022

Background

Micronodular thymic neoplasm with lymphoid stroma (MNT), a subtype of thymic tumor, is histopathologically characterized by micronodular thymic epithelial cell nests with lymphoid stroma. Despite the distinct histopathology of MNT, its pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to examine a thymic tumor harboring thymic epithelial and lymphoid cells in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse.

Results

The excised tumor cells were cultured in vitro and comprised epithelial tumor cells and lymphoid cells. During a three‐dimensional cell culture, the epithelial tumor cells formed micronodular cell nests surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Notably, the lymphoid cells underwent apoptosis when they were separated from the epithelial tumor cells. Cutaneous transplantation of the cultured epithelial cells with splenocytes from BALB/c mice led to tumor formation, and these cells demonstrated a histopathology similar to that of human MNT in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse.

Conclusion

Given its overlapping features with human MNT, the transplanted tumor could serve as an experimental model of this disease.
Effect of three different photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy on bond strength of a calcium silicate‐based sealer to radicular dentin
Authors: Küden Cihan , Karakaş Seda Nur
Published: December 2022

To evaluate the effect of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) using with different photosensitizers on the bond strength of BioRoot RCS (BR) to radicular dentin by comparing with AH Plus (AH). The shaped root canals of 80 human mandibular premolars were divided into four groups based on the final disinfection protocol: NaOCl/EDTA, PDT with methylene Blue (MB), PDT with curcumin (CUR) and PDT with toluidine blue O (TBO) (n = 20). Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10), according to the endodontic sealer used for obturation (n = 10). The test of push‐out bond strength (PBS) was performed using an universal test machine. The data were analysed using ANOVA, Tukey post‐hoc, and independent sample t‐test (α = 0.05). MB‐BR group showed the highest PBS at the cervical level (p < 0.05). The selection of the photosensitizer in PDT influenced adhesion of root canal sealers to radicular dentin.
Knowledge sharing on online platforms within organisations: An interactionist perspective on generalised exchange
Authors: Yoshikawa Katsuhiko , Wu Chia‐Huei , Lee Hyun‐Jung
Published: December 2022

Organisations are increasingly introducing online platforms to facilitate knowledge sharing among employees across organisational boundaries. Nonetheless, individuals do not always share knowledge on such platforms. This study aims to identify the factors that can motivate individuals to share knowledge on an online platform drawing on social exchange theory and the idea of generalised exchange, a form of social exchange identified on online knowledge‐sharing platforms in previous studies. Specifically, we propose that individuals are more likely to share knowledge on online platforms when they have requests from an employee with whom they have worked in the same office in the past but do not currently work in the same office location (i.e. past‐collocation history), have high levels of generalised exchange orientation, and need to use a wide variety of knowledge to complete their jobs (i.e. knowledge variety). Using a longitudinal dataset spanning 6 months among 100 users on an in‐house online platform of a professional service firm, we find support for the three‐way interaction hypothesis in a three‐level analysis. We discuss implications on knowledge sharing on in‐house online platforms.
City building knowledge from neighbourhoods in Asia Pacific
Authors: Padawangi Rita , Ho K. C. , Yun Hae Young , Rabé Paul
Published: December 2022

Neighbourhoods are places of social encounters on a daily basis, but they are getting insufficient attention from policy makers and urban studies in conceptualising the city. While the city is often the unit of analysis and boundaries of data collection, social constructions of the city are mostly from neighbourhoods. By shifting the analysis to the neighbourhood scale, we are moving scholarship and research on two fronts. First, we need to think about city building knowledge at a pedagogical and methodological level. Second, we want to examine processes and amenity creation at the neighbourhood scale and make visible the ways these add to city politics, economy, and culture. Articles in this special issue contribute to urban scholarship in the following ways: (i) neighbourhood as a method of urban studies; (ii) understanding urban politics and government; (iii) the role of urban informality and small businesses; and (iv) the role of traditional neighbourhood institutions in the social life of the city. Neighbourhoods can be poorly resourced and inward‐looking, but in many cases localised interests, relationships and organisations are capable of collective action, networking beyond their localities, and inspiring its residents with aspirations of the city's future directions.
Lidocaine alleviates inflammation and pruritus in atopic dermatitis by blocking different population of sensory neurons
Authors: Sun Pei‐Yi , Li Hua‐Guo , Xu Qian‐Yue , Zhang Zhen , Chen Jia‐Wen , Shen Yi‐Hang , Qi Xin , Lu Jian‐Fei , Tan Yi‐Dong , Wang Xiao‐Xiao , Li Chun‐Xiao , Yang Meng‐Ying , Ma Yu‐Zhi , Lu Ying , Xu Tian‐Le , Shen Jin‐Wen , Li Wei‐Guang , Guo Yi‐Feng , Yao Zhi‐Rong
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory disease of the skin involving neuro‐immune communication. Neuronal mechanism‐based therapeutic treatments remain lacking. We investigated the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine therapy on atopic dermatitis and the underlying neuro‐immune mechanism.

Experimental Approach

Pharmacological intervention, immunofluorescence, RNA‐sequencing, genetic modification and immunoassay were performed to dissect the neuro‐immune basis of itch and inflammation in atopic dermatitis‐like mouse model and in patients.

Key Results

Lidocaine alleviated skin lesions and itch in both atopic dermatitis patients and calcipotriol (MC903)‐induced atopic dermatitis model by blocking subpopulation of sensory neurons. QX‐314, a charged NaV blocker that enters through pathologically activated large‐pore ion channels and selectivity inhibits a subpopulation of sensory neurons, has the same effects as lidocaine in atopic dermatitis model. Genetic silencing NaV1.8‐expressing sensory neurons was sufficient to restrict cutaneous inflammation and itch in the atopic dermatitis model. However, pharmacological blockade of TRPV1‐positive nociceptors only abolished persistent itch but did not affect skin inflammation in the atopic dermatitis model, indicating a difference between sensory neuronal modulation of skin inflammation and itch. Inhibition of activity‐dependent release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from sensory neurons by lidocaine largely accounts for the therapeutic effect of lidocaine in the atopic dermatitis model.

Conclusion and Implications

NaV1.8+ sensory neurons play a critical role in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and lidocaine is a potential anti‐inflammatory and anti‐pruritic agent for atopic dermatitis. A dissociable difference for sensory neuronal modulation of skin inflammation and itch contributes to further understanding of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis.
Special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 promotes multidrug resistance in gastric cancer by regulation of Ezrin to alter subcellular localization of ATP‐binding cassette transporters
Authors: Luo Jiajun , Yuan Jingwen , Yang Yu , Jiang Yue , Yan Junfeng , Tong Qiang
Published: December 2022

Multidrug resistance is a primary factor in the poor response to chemotherapy and subsequent death in gastric cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, the high expression of special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) in gastric cancer was found to be associated with reduced sensitivity to various chemotherapy drugs. Our results demonstrate that SATB1 can promote chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. SATB1 exerts its effect by enhancing the activity of multiple ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters (P‐glycoprotein, multidrug resistance‐associated protein, and breast cancer resistance protein) in gastric cancer cell lines. We also found that SATB1 affects ABC transporters by altering the subcellular localization of the ABC transporter rather than its expression. Subsequently, we confirmed that Ezrin binds to various ABC transporters and affects their subcellular localization. In addition, we found that SATB1 can also bind to the Ezrin promoter and regulate its expression. In the present study, we elucidate the mechanism of SATB1‐mediated multidrug resistance in gastric cancer, providing a basis for SATB1 as a potential target for reversal of resistance.
Comparison of 4‐ or 6‐implant supported immediate full‐arch fixed prostheses: A retrospective cohort study of 217 patients followed up for 3–13 years
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Sha , Di Ping , Zhang Yu , Wu Aozhou , Lin Ye
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Choosing four or six implants to support immediate full‐arch fixed prostheses (FAFPs) is still controversial worldwide. This study aims to analyze and compare the long‐term results of All‐on‐4 and All‐on‐6.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 217 patients rehabilitated with 1222 implants supporting 271 FAFPs, including 202 prostheses supported by 4 implants (All‐on‐4 group) and 69 prostheses supported by 6 implants (All‐on‐6 group), and followed up for 3–13 years. Implant survival, prosthesis survival, complications, and implant marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated and compared between two groups. Patient characteristics including age, gender, jaw, opposite dentition condition, smoking habit, bruxism, bone quantity and quality, cantilever length (CL), prosthesis material, and oral hygiene were analyzed to assess their influence on the clinical results of the two groups. Six surgeons and three prosthodontists who performed FAFPs more than 5 years were invited for questionnaires, to assess patient‐ and clinician‐related influences on implant number.

Result

In general, All‐on‐4 group indicated no significant difference with All‐on‐6 group in the implant survival (implant‐level: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.2], P = 0.96; prosthesis‐level: HR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3–1.8], P = 0.54), prosthesis survival (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3–2.8], P = 0.56), biological complications (OR = 0.9 [95% CI: 0.5–1.8], P = 0.78), technical complications of provisional prosthesis (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 0.7–2.3], P = 0.42), technical complications of definitive prosthesis (OR = 1.1 [95% CI: 0.6–2.2], P = 0.33) and the 1st, 5th, and 10th year MBL (P = 0.65, P = 0.28, P = 0.14). However, for specific covariates, including elderly patients, opposing natural/fixed dentition, smoking, bruxism, long CL, low bone density, and all acrylic provisional prostheses, All‐on‐6 was more predictable in some clinical measurements than All‐on‐4. The implant prosthodontists and the medium‐experienced clinicians showed significant preference for All‐on‐6 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on this study, the long‐term clinical results showed no significant difference between All‐on‐4 and All‐on‐6 groups in general. However, for some specific characteristics, All‐on‐6 seemed to be more predictable in some clinical measurements than All‐on‐4. For the clinicians' decision‐making, medium‐experienced clinicians and the implant prosthodontists showed significant preference for All‐on‐6.
Chemokine receptor 7 mediates miRNA‐182 to regulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Wang Qi , Xu Sifan , Wang Bin , Qin Yu , Ji Yachen , Yang Qian , Xu Yang , Zhou Zhiming
Published: December 2022

Aims

Chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) exerts protective effects on the brain. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but their involvement in CXCR7‐mediated brain protection is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CXCR7‐mediated brain protection.

Methods

CXCR7 levels in peripheral blood samples from patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and ischemic penumbra area brain tissues from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats after recanalization were measured. An miRNA microarray analysis was performed to examine the expression of miRNAs caused by CXCR7 knockdown in ischemic penumbra area brain tissue in middle cerebral artery occlusion–reperfusion rats and to predict corresponding downstream target genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed the most enriched pathways. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct regulation of miR‐182 on the target gene TCF7L2. The correlation between TCF7L2 and CXCR7/miR‐182 was verified using rescue assays.

Results

CXCR7 expression was upregulated in MCAO rats and mechanical thrombectomy patients with AIS compared to that in controls. The motor and sensory functions of MCAO rats with CXCR7 knockdown further decreased, and the infarct volume and cerebral edema increased. miRNA microarray data showed that seven miRNAs were differentially expressed after shRNA‐CXCR7 treatment. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‐182 directly targeted the TCF7L2 gene. Rescue assays confirmed that TCF7L2 is downstream of CXCR7/miR‐182. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the Hippo pathway may be a key pathway in CXCR7 upregulation and plays a role in protecting the brain after interventional surgery. Animal experiments have shown that CXCR7‐mediated cerebral I/R injury promotes the phosphorylation of key molecules YAP and TAZ in the Hippo pathway.

Conclusion

CXCR7 protects against cerebral I/R injury, possibly via the miR‐182/TCF7L2/Hippo pathway. These results indicate that CXCR7 affects cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury through miRNA regulation and downstream pathways.
Using Red List Indices to monitor extinction risk at national scales
Authors: Raimondo Domitilla , Young Bruce E. , Brooks Thomas M. , Cardoso Pedro , van der Colff Dewidine , de Souza Dias Braulio Ferreira , Vercillo Ugo , de Souza Estevão , Juslén Aino , Hyvarinen Esko , von Staden Lize , Tolley Krystal , McGowan Philip J.K.
Published: December 2022

The Red List Index (RLI) measures change in the aggregate extinction risk of species. It is a key indicator for tracking progress toward nine of the Aichi and many proposed post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework Targets. Here, we consider two formulations of the RLI used for reporting biodiversity trends at national scales. Disaggregated global RLIs measure changing national contributions to global extinction risk and are currently based on five taxonomic groups, while national RLIs measure changing national extinction risk and are based on taxonomic groups assessed multiple times in country. For 74% of nations, the disaggregated global RLI is currently based on three or fewer taxonomic groups. Meanwhile, national RLIs from selected pilot countries Finland, South Africa, and Brazil are computed from twelve, eight, and nine taxonomic groups, respectively. The national RLI and the disaggregated global RLI measure different aspects of biodiversity, in that the former detects national trends in populations of species for which each country is responsible while the latter provides standardized comparisons of nations' contributions to the global extinction risk of the same species groups. As governments commit to the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we encourage them to monitor a standard set of taxonomic groups representing different biomes using both RLI formulations to ensure effective target tracking and accurate feedback on their conservation investments.
Clinical history of female‐to‐male transgender patients is needed to avoid misinterpretation of cervical Papanicolaou tests
Authors: Moatamed Neda A. , Barco Adriana Del , Yang Sung‐Eun , Ying Yong , Zhang Sarah , Rodriguez Erika F.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Cervical cancer screening is as important in female‐to‐male transgender (FTMT) patients as it is in cisgender female patients. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of clinical information regarding gender identity and testosterone therapy on the cytological interpretations.

Methods

A list of FTMT patients and cisgender female patients who had received a cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test for cancer screening was obtained. The cytological diagnoses, rendered at the time of collection, were recorded. A retrospective slide review with knowledge of the pertinent clinical information, including testosterone therapy status, was performed. The data sets were statistically compared.

Results

Of 122 cervical Pap tests in 111 FTMT individuals, 23 (19%) had surgical follow‐ups; 73 (60%) had HPV testing, of which 12 (16%) were positive for high‐risk strains; and 79 (65%) were known to be receiving testosterone. On the “original” review, 12 (9.8%) tests were diagnosed as unsatisfactory. Seventy‐one (58%) Pap tests were initially diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) without atrophy and 32 (26%) with atrophy. Seven (5.7%) of the tests were initially diagnosed as abnormal. On the “retrospective” review, the rate of unsatisfactory tests remained the same, and atrophy was observed in 76 (62%) tests. The number of abnormal tests was reduced to 4 (3.3%) after the retrospective review. Almost all comparative studies returned a P‐value of ≤0.05.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that clinical information regarding whether a subject is transgender and/or is receiving testosterone therapy is crucial to avoiding Pap test overcalls.