bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banco do Brasil: de autoridade monetária a banco comercial
Authors: Salomão Ivan Colangelo , Oliveira Victoria Silva
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho analisa a consolidação do Banco do Brasil em momentos diferentes da história contemporânea do país. Desde a sua formatação pública, no início do século XIX, até o golpe militar de 1964, suas múltiplas funcionalidades explicitam o protagonismo de suas ações. Após a reforma bancária de Campos e Bulhões, manteve-se como o principal instrumento executor da política creditícia do país até o início dos anos 1980. A reestruturação do sistema financeiro nacional da década de 1990 marcou uma importante etapa de sua história, pois, a partir do século atual, teve de conciliar seu papel como banco público ao mesmo tempo em que manteve o foco na gestão privada com foco na rentabilidade de suas operações. Nesse sentido, este artigo procura aprofundar o entendimento da história do banco ao apresentar elementos relevantes de uma das principais transformações pelas quais a instituição passou no decorrer de seus mais de duzentos anos de história.
O banditismo social e o estabelecimento do Estado no sul do Brasil oitocentista.
Authors: Da Rocha Humberto José
Published: June 2024

Este artigo discute o banditismo social na região sul do Brasil oitocentista. Com base em revisão bibliográfica, empreende-se uma genealogia histórica buscando acoplar as guerras externas e internas envolvendo facções platinas e indígenas, com vistas à estruturação do Estado Nacional brasileiro numa região fronteiriça. No mesmo processo, o avanço estatal sobre o território promove a privatização de terras anteriormente exploradas pelas populações locais que passam a ser intrusas. Com base no acoplamento desses elementos, apresenta-se uma aproximação conceitual articulando violência, política, terra e ambiguidade, que complementada com casos concretos, destaca os elementos da genealogia corroborando a inerência do banditismo social no sul do Brasil oitocentista.
Teorias criminais no banditismo à brasileira
Authors: Fonteles Neto Francisco Linhares
Published: June 2024

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o banditismo no Brasil no último quartel do XIX, a partir do trabalho de Nina Rodrigues, ampliado, posteriormente, por Gustavo Barroso. Ambos os autores teceram uma explicação com base na raça e no meio ambiente para definir as causas da criminalidade do homem sertanejo, que, fundamentalmente, apresenta-se de forma mais latente no banditismo. No esforço de abarcar as principais tendências deste fenômeno, detemo-nos mais detalhadamente à sua historiografia realizando, para isso, uma revisão bibliográfica, com objetivo de apresentar o estado da arte, mas sem o interesse de esgotar o assunto. Com base nesse apanhado, pretendemos oferecer ao leitor uma chave de interpretação do bandido Jesuíno Brilhante para além do que já tem sido produzido.
Masculinidades e violência contra feminilidades nos processos-crimes de homicídios em Irati-PR, 1899-1930
Authors: Kosinski Lucas
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as masculinidades delineadas pelo poder judiciário em processos-crimes de homicídios, autuados durante a Primeira República em Irati-PR. Utilizando os referidos registros criminais sob guarda do Centro de Documentação e Memória da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, focalizamos casos em que os réus foram acusados de assassinar ou ferir mulheres. A pesquisa visa compreender as motivações desses fatos, examinando os discursos apresentados aos julgadores, especialmente à luz das considerações teóricas de Stephen M. Whitehead. A análise dos casos revela que os acusados frequentemente cometeram os assassinatos em resposta a situações que feriam sua honra, notadamente em momentos de traição matrimonial, recusa em reatar laços de convivência e provocação de aborrecimentos pelas vítimas. Ao justificarem tais atos perante a justiça, os advogados comumente recorreram ao argumento da completa privação/perturbação dos sentidos dos réus, uma estratégia que encontrou aceitação no Tribunal do Júri, indicando uma afinidade de valores entre o Tribunal do Júri e os acusados. Concluímos que a violência contra mulheres era legitimada discursivamente, contribuindo para a consolidação de relações de gênero assimétricas.
Identifying the language of global competence and global citizenship in the education policies of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Samar Misbah , Menzie-Ballantyne Karena , Ham Miriam
Published: June 2024

In 2015, Pakistan committed to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4’s provision of quality education for all. Target 4.7 of this Goal acknowledges that delivering quality education means ensuring that students develop a set of attributes characterised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in terms of global citizenship, and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development using the nomenclature of global competence. There is ongoing debate regarding the agendas of the United Nations and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; however, from a pragmatic perspective, both are already influencing domestic education policies. This article explores the extent to which this is the case in Punjab, Pakistan. A deductive thematic analysis of relevant education policies was undertaken to identify language reflective of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Programme of International Student Assessment Global Competence Framework. The analysis, based on meta themes identified by Vaccari and Gardinier, revealed the inclusion of language from these international agendas, as well as the reflections of local culture. Although this research was specific to Punjab, the findings may provide insights into how countries are adopting and/or contextualising these international agendas.
Reflexivity of participants of Football for Development project: experiential learning as delivery methodology of global education
Authors: Dušková Lenka , Šafaříková Simona , van der Klashorst Engela , Svoboda Arnošt
Published: June 2024

The power of sport to affect social change is widely acknowledged. However, little empirical research has explored the use of sport in engaging young people in global education. This article fills the gap by exploring the role of sport using experiential learning tools as delivery methodology for global education in the context of Central Europe (Czechia). The study focuses on the experiential learning process of the study participants, a mixed intercultural team of Czech and Kenyan youth ambassadors participating in a Football for Development project with the aim of engendering cultural understanding, respecting diversity as positive and valuing differences as beneficial to society. The study benefited from a newly developed non-conventional data collection tool enhancing the research methodology and allowing for the facilitation of the participants’ ability to discover and process the experience-related learning through reflexivity. By showing the changes in knowledge, skills, values and attitudes, our findings indicate how the sport for development programme contributes to creating a semi-conscious learning environment for global education.
ReLAP-Net: Residual Learning and Attention Based Parallel Network for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion
Authors: Agrawal Aditya , SourajaKundu  , Ahmad Touseef , Bhatt Manish
Published: June 2024

Remote sensing applications require high-resolution images to obtain precise information about the Earth???s surface. Multispectral images have high spatial resolution but low spectral resolution. Hyperspectral images have high spectral resolution but low spatial resolution. This study
proposes a residual learning and attention-based parallel network based on residual network and channel attention. The network performs image fusion of a high spatial resolution multispectral image and a low spatial resolution hyperspectral image. The network training and fusion experiments
are conducted on four public benchmark data sets to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The fusion performance is compared with classical signal processing-based image fusion techniques. Four image metrics are used for the quantitative evaluation of the fused images. The proposed
network improved fusion ability by reducing the root mean square error and relative dimensionless global error in synthesis and increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio when compared to other state-of-the-art models.
Product Development of Nutritious Rice Based Gluten-Free Snacks from Different Formulation of Rice Varieties by Extrusion and their Physical, Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Chuechomsuk Sirawit , Bunchom Naruemon , Korkerd Sopida , Kalhoro Muhammad Saleem , Thumthanaruk Benjawan , Rungsardthong Vilai , Lamsal Buddhi
Published: June 2024

Flour from three high-nutritional rice varieties were used to produce gluten-free extruded rice snacks. This study investigated the optimal formulation of the flour mixes from brown jasmine rice (JR) and two other pigmented varieties brown black glutinous rice (BGR) and brown riceberry rice (BB) to produce the extruded snack. Chemical compositions, including dietary fiber and antioxidants of each rice variety were determined. Ten formulations of the flour mixes were evaluated using a Mixture Design and extruded via a single-screw extruder. The physical properties of the extruded snacks from each formulation such as expansion ratio, color, hardness and crispness, as well as their physicochemical properties, including water absorption and solubility indices were analyzed. Three flours showed high protein content (8.1–9.0%). Both pigmented rice (BGR and RR) indicated a higher DPPH scavenging activity at 0.51 ± 0.05 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW) and 0.25 μmol Trolox/g DW, respectively. BGR showed the highest % DPPH inhibition (31.63 ± 0.32%). The snack indicated the highest expansion ratio with brown riceberry rice, followed by jasmine rice and brown black glutinous rice. The use of flour mixes indicated higher overall liking scores than one specific flour, while the mixing ratio of jasmine rice, brown black glutinous rice and brown riceberry at 1: 1: 1 (Formulation 7) tended to achieve the highest overall liking (6.47 from 9 points hedonic scale) and the high scores for most of the sensory attributes. The total dietary fiber of the snacks from Formulation 7 was around 4.11% by weight. The results revealed the high potential for using brown jasmine rice and pigmented rice to extrude gluten-free rice snacks.
Beschäftigungspolitische Bedeutung kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen
Authors: Dahremöller Axel
Published: June 2024

Im Rahmen der laufenden Forschungstätigkeit des Instituts für Mittelstandsforschung1 ist es erstmals in der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung für den industriellen Sektor gelungen, mit einem neuartigen Aufbereitungs- und Analysekonzept die Zu- und Abgänge von Betrieben und die größenklassenbezogenen Wanderungsbewegungen im Zeitverlauf auszuweisen. Dadurch kann die Frage nach der Wachstums- und beschäftigungspolitischen Bedeutung kleiner und mittlerer bzw. großer Unternehmen empirisch beantwortet werden.Die Auswertung beruht auf der Totalerfassung der sowohl 1978 als auch 1984 bestehenden Betriebe in Nordrhein-Westfalen des industriellen Sektors. Die als „Mittelstandshypothese“ formulierte Vermutung, wonach kleine und mittlere Unternehmen die Beschäftigungsentwicklung verstetigen und Arbeitskräftefreisetzungen in jüngerer Zeit in besonderem Maße von Großbetrieben ausgingen, konnte durch diese Auswerung bestätigt werden.In diesem Beitrag werden – neben einer kritischen Analyse der für thematisch vergleichbare Untersuchungen im deutsch- und angelsächsischen Sprachraum genutzten Datenbasen – die methodischen Grundlagen der Aufbereitung der amtlichen Industrieberichterstattung als Verlaufsanalyse dargelegt, die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Sonderauswertung dargestellt und Perspektiven der Nutzung der erschlossenen Datenbasis für vielfältige regionalwirtschaftliche Fragestellungen aufgezeigt.
Arbeitsplatzdynamik im Süd-Nord-Gefälle
Authors: Eckart Wolfgang , Von Einem Eberhard , Stahl Konrad
Published: June 2024

Trotz günstiger konjunktureller Rahmenbedingungen seit 1983/84 und langsam steigender Arbeitsplatzzahlen hält sich die Arbeitslosigkeit ohne sichtbare Entspannung hartnäckig auf hohem Niveau. Sie ist das Menetekel wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Wohlstandes, dem Wissenschaft und Politik gleichermaßen ratlos gegenüberstehen.Zudem betrifft das Problem Arbeitslosigkeit einzelne Landesteile in unterschiedlichem Maße. Gravierende Ausmaße nimmt sie insbesondere in den altindustriellen Regionen des Nordens und Westens (Ruhrgebiet, Saarland, Bremen u. a.) an, während die Arbeitslosenziffern im Süden unter dem Bundesdurchschnitt bleiben. Hier zeichnet sich ein Süd-Nord-Gefälle ab.Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages diskutieren wir auf dem Hintergrund der Literatur einige Beobachtungen zur regionalen Arbeitsplatzentwicklung in der Überzeugung, daß eine präzisere Kenntnis der Eigenentwicklung regionaler Arbeitsmärkte erforderlich ist, um mit Programmen, Politiken und Maßnahmen zur Arbeitsplatzschaffung an den strategisch aussichtsreichen Punkten ansetzen zu können.
Existenzgründungen, technologische Innovationen und regionalwirtschaftliche Entwicklung
Authors: Schrumpf Heinz
Published: June 2024

Im Vergleich zu den USA ist die Arbeitsplatzentwicklung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in den 70er Jahren unbefriedigend verlaufen. Der vom Arbeitsmarkt ausgehende Problemdruck führte im politischen Bereich zu einer hektischen Suche nach neuen Instrumenten, mit deren Hilfe dieser Trend umgekehrt werden sollte. Die Ursachen des relativen Zurückfallens der Bundesrepublik schienen bald geklärtFehlender technologischer Fortschritt. In einigen technischen Sparten, so der Mikroelektronik, der darauf basierenden Computertechnik und der Biotechnologie, schien sich ein zunehmend größerer Abstand zwischen den USA und Japan einerseits, den westeuropäischen Staaten andererseits zu öffnen2.
Thesen zum Thema: Das räumliche Bezugssystem als integrale Komponente kommunaler Statistischer Informationssysteme
Authors: Christmann Alfred
Published: June 2024

Im Mittelpunkt kommunaler Statistischer Informationssysteme stehen Datengrundlagen und methodische Werkzeuge zur Erschließung unterschiedlichster Datenquellen für Planungsaufgaben und Entscheidungshilfen, die überwiegend einen räumlichen Problembezug haben. Zentrales Hilfsmittel für die Verwaltung der hierfür erforderlichen Grundlagendaten und der methodischen Aufbereitungs- und Auswertungsinstrumente sind sog. räumliche Bezugssysteme, deren Entwicklungsstand und Entwicklungsperspektive in Thesen dargestellt werden.Neben den technischen Realisierungsaspekt dieser Systeme werden unter besonderer Beachtung von Standardisierungsmöglichkeiten Fragen der inhaltlichen und methodischen Entwicklung behandelt.Ein Ausblick auf die Weiterentwicklung räumlicher Bezugssysteme im Rahmen kommunaler Statistischer Informationssysteme führt zur Darstellung der hier nach wie vor an Bedeutung gewinnenden inter- und intrakommunalen Arbeitsteilung und Kooperation.Die Ausarbeitung schließt mit einem Appell, den imkommunalen Bereich bereits fortgeschrittenen Kooperationsansatz aufzugreifen in Verbindung mit der Abstimmung und Konkretisierung der Zusammenarbeit mit staatlichen Stellen. Darüber hinaus wird für die erforderliche Minimalkoordinierung im Zusammenhang mit der Bereitstellung der aus räumlichen Bezugssystemen fließenden Dienstleistungen auch für Zwecke und Nutzungen privater Institutionen und Nachfrager geworben.
Zur Reformdiskussion der regionalen Wirtschaftspolitik
Authors: Klemmer Paul
Published: June 2024

Der 14. und 15. Rahmenplan der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur“ bringt eine auch für die Raumordnung wichtige Weiterentwicklung bzw. Differenzierung der Förderansatzpunkte und mögliche Neuabgrenzung der Fördergebiete. Mittels einer Aufstockung des Bereichs der Primäraktivitäten, einer qualitativen Differenzierung der Investitionen und einer auf innovative Effekte ausgerichteten Infrastrukturförderung möchte man mit den Entscheidungen für den 14. Rahmenplan (1985) vor allem auch dem ländlichen Raum helfen. Angesichts des Prozesses der funktionalen Konzentration wird dieser Effekt möglicherweise geringer als erwartet ausfallen. Für die Raumordnung besonders interessant ist die Forderung nach verstärkter Abstimmung der raumwirksamen Politikbereiche. Angesichts der Ziele und Programme dieser Politikbereiche bietet sich für die Regionalpolitik vor allem eine stärkere Zusammenarbeit mit der Agrarstrukturpolitik an. Bei der Fördergebietsabgrenzung sollte man sich künftighin bei der Bildung des Gesamtindikators um eine Berücksichtigung der interkorrelativen Beziehungen zwischen den Förderindikatoren sowie um eine multiplikative Verknüpfung derselben bemühen. Bei der Festlegung der Förderschwelle müßte man bei weiterer Orientierung an einem maximalen Anteil von Förderbevölkerung dem der Abgrenzungsmethode widersprechenden Charakter der politisch fixierten Zonenrandförderung besser Rechnung tragen.
Wirtschaft, Wirtschaftsstruktur und internationale Verflechtung am Beispiel Niedersachsens
Authors: Becher Gerhard
Published: June 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussionen um das Süd-Nord-Gefälle in der Bundesrepublik analysiert dieser Beitrag Indikatoren zur wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung in Niedersachsen im Vergleich zum Bundesgebiet insgesamt, aber auch im Vergleich zu süddeutschen Bundesländern. Dabei zeigt sich, daß in Niedersachsen gemessen an Indikatoren wie Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Steuerkraft, Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes und Wirtschaftsstruktur nicht nur ein nach wie vor erhebliches und in vieler Hinsicht sogar wachsendes Entwicklungsgefälle existiert, sondern daß darüber hinaus die Wirtschaftsstruktur und internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit offenbar labiler und anfälliger wurde und damit die Chancen eher gesunken sind, die Vorteile einer sich weiter intensivierenden internationalen Arbeitsteilung auch in der Zukunft offensiv nutzen zu können. Diese Analyse offenbart damit zugleich einen nach wie vor bestehenden, wahrscheinlich sogar wachsenden Handlungsbedarf an zielgerichteter und vorausschauender Strukturpolitik in Niedersachsen.
Zur siedlungsstrukturellen Entwicklung in den ländlichen Räumen Ungarns
Authors: Vágvölgyi András
Published: June 2024

Der Autor Dr. A. Vágvölgyi ist leitender Mitarbeiter des Instituts für Soziologie der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Spezialgebiet Agrarsoziologie) und Vizepräsident der Europäischen Gesellschaft für ländliche Soziologie. Vor kurzem hielt sich Dr. Vágvölgyi, eingeladen von mehreren hiesigen Forschungsinstituten, für sechs Wochen in der Bundesrepublik auf.Dieser Forschungsaufenthalt diente vor allem dem internationalen Austausch von Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiete der Erforschung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels in ländlichen Räumen, speziell auch im Zusammenhang mit der Siedlungsstrukturentwicklung. Der in diesem Zusammenhang entstandene Bericht über Entwicklungen in den ländlichen Räumen Ungarns fordert zu interessanten Vergleichen mit den hiesigen Entwicklungen heraus.
Impact of Acceleration Style on Vehicle Emissions and Perspectives for Improvement through Transportation Engineering Solutions
Authors: Pečman Jan , Šarkan Branislav , Ližbetinová Lenka , Ľupták Vladimír , Loman Michal , Bartuška Ladislav
Published: June 2024

Road traffic constitutes a key element of modern life, with many individuals behind the wheel each day. Their driving style, specifically how they accelerate and brake, can significantly influence emissions of harmful substances and air quality. Despite the presence of modern cars equipped to reduce exhaust gas components and other emissions, driving style continues to have a substantial impact on air pollution. In the case of aggressive driving, the influence on fuel consumption and emission generation is substantial. Another aspect is the safety of road traffic, as it has been proven that aggressive driving reduces safety. This article focuses on the results of our recent research regarding vehicle emissions during acceleration. We found that even though modern cars are increasingly environmentally friendly, aggressive driving with them can quickly change the perspective on this issue. While the acceleration of a single vehicle may seem essentially negligible, it is crucial to realize that, especially in urban environments, the number of accelerations of road vehicles as a traffic flow is enormous, particularly during peak traffic hours. Furthermore, there are locations where vehicles must decelerate and accelerate consistently, such as certain types of intersections. The goal of the article is to provide an additional viewpoint on monitoring this trend, this time in combination with the road infrastructure itself, with three examples discussed in the article on how these negative trends can be influenced through modifications to the road infrastructure.
Statistical analysis of trends in Battery Electric Vehicles: Special reference to vehicle weight reduction, electric motor, battery, and interior space dimensions
Authors: Lučić Marko , Lukić Jovanka , Grujić Ivan
Published: June 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly being used, as they are more environmentally friendly than conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can be said to have zero exhaust emissions only if the electricity used to drive these vehicles is obtained in an environmentally friendly way. It is common knowledge that BEVs have a significantly higher overall mass than conventional vehicles. The significantly higher total vehicle weight of BEVs can have various adverse effects on energy consumption during movement and the vehicle's dynamics. In contrast to the negative aspects of BEVs, there are also positive aspects that are primarily related to the comfort of drivers and passengers, considering the main fact that they do not require the presence of a floor tunnel. In this paper, trends related to BEVs in the previous five years were statistically analysed. Changes in average sizes related to BEVs are shown, primarily internal dimensions that can be of crucial importance when deciding between BEVs and conventional vehicles. In the paper itself, other important trends are presented, both for the electric motor itself and for the batteries used in BEVs.
Foucauldian Theoretical Power Relations in Alban Berg’s Operas
Authors: Ljubibratic Vanja
Published: June 2024

The narratives of Alban Berg’s two operas, Wozzeck and Lulu, have often been analyzed for their socio-cultural symbolisms as reflections of the artistic movements in which they were composed. However, the operas also display a myriad of complex interpersonal relationships between the characters that bear explicit associations with themes of power. Michel Foucault famously devised several theories on power, through which this article aims to filter Berg’s operatic narratives in order to draw unique parallels between social theory and artistic expression. What emerges is an interdisciplinary study that expands the understanding of these works through this unique juxtaposition, yielding new interpretations of these characters’ interactions through the applicable theories of Foucault’s force relations.
Potencjał dynamicznej platformy webtoons.com/fr w nauczaniu/uczeniu się języka francuskiego w opinii studentów filologii romańskiej
Authors: Chmiel-Bożek Halina
Published: June 2024

Reading is an important element of independent work on the language, but offering students additional reading to improve their linguistic and cultural competences is an extremely difficult task, due to the evolving tastes of young people and the variability of the media they use. Given the popularity of manga and digital comics in France, Romance philology students were asked to read a series selected from the webtoons.com/fr platform in French. A survey was then carried out to find out their views on how this tool could be used in French language learning. The results of the survey clearly indicate that the webtoons.com/fr platform can be used as an effective tool for learning French. According to the respondents, reading the selected series allowed them, above all, to develop lexical resources and was also an enjoyable pastime that increased motivation to learn the language. Students also paid attention to the combination of word and image, appreciating both the aesthetic and practical side of reading digital comics. Finally, the practicality of using the platform, its ease of use and accessibility was emphasised.
Adaptive multidimensional trust-based recommendation model for peer to peer applications
Authors: Marathe Nilesh , Kulkarni Nikita , Rathod Nilesh , Jadhav Jyoti , Kanani Pratik , Rathod Sharmila
Published: June 2024

In today’s world, the widespread utilization of services such as Nearby Share, Near Field Communication (NFC), and Wi-Fi Direct for deploying various applications has significantly bolstered the demand for reliable and secure distributed ad-hoc peer-to-peer networks. Yet, ensuring the trustworthiness of participating nodes remains a significant challenge. Trust among nodes plays a pivotal role in collaborative network applications, especially in environments like Mobile Ad-hoc Networks and VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks). Evaluating the trustworthiness of nodes is essential for promptly identifying misleading entities, thereby preemptively preventing their involvement in ongoing transactions. Attributes or characteristics exhibited by nodes, such as honesty, selfishness, or malicious behavior, serve as key factors in trust computation. The effectiveness of trust evaluation directly influences the encouragement of honest nodes and the deterrence of malicious ones, thereby nurturing a healthy and competitive network ecosystem. Recognizing the dynamic nature of network environments, trust computation methods must be adaptable and diverse. The adaptive multidimensional trust (AMT) model introduced in this article goes beyond simple reputation assessment. It offers three distinct methods such as Direct Trust

(

Direct

Trust

)

\left({{\rm{Direct}}}_{{\rm{Trust}}})

, multiple security parameters, identification of qualified recommenders, which got selected dynamically as per change in trust ratings of peers. AMT advocates for an incentive-driven approach to identify legitimate peers, monitoring gradual increases in their performance ratings, whereas, spikes in performance alert to potential colluding peers or nodes displaying erratic behavior. This article evaluates the effectiveness of the AMT through a case study focused on an E-commerce application. It scrutinizes the model’s performance across different percentages of malicious nodes within the network, providing a thorough analysis and discussion of the results based on the trust value of malicious and benign peers and efficiency by selecting genuine service for transaction.
Microstructure and finite element analysis of Mo2C-diamond/Cu composites by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Wang Changrui , Li Hongzhao , Tian Wei , Liao Wenhe
Published: June 2024

Mo2C layer was generated on the diamond surface via vacuum micro-evaporating, which was used as the reinforcement particles to fabricate diamond/Cu composites by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of evaporation parameters on the forming of Mo2C, and the holding time on diamond/Cu composites fabrication is studied. Combined with the experiment and finite element analysis (FEA), the holding time on diamond/Cu composites influence on the thermal conductivity (TC) of composites is further discussed. The results show that the Mo2C area on the diamond surface would gradually enlarge and cover the diamond surface evenly with the increment in evaporation time and temperature, better vacuum micro-evaporating parameters were given as 1,000°C for 60 min. The fractures in the diamond/Cu composites are mainly ductile fractures on copper and diamond falling out from the Mo2C interface. It was found that sintering time would significantly influence the dissipation property of diamond/Cu composites. A comprehensive parameter for SPS was obtained at 900°C, 80 MPa for 10 min, the relative density (RD) and TC of the composites obtained under the parameter were 96.13% and 511 W/(m K). A longer sintering time would damage the Mo2C interlayer and further decrease the bonding between copper matrix and diamond particles, which would lower the RD and TC of composites. It can be obtained from the comparison of simulation results and experimental results that the FEA result is closer to the experimental results due to the gaps with low heat conduction, and the air in the gaps is added in the simulation process.
Influence of tin additions on the corrosion passivation of TiZrTa alloy in sodium chloride solutions
Authors: Sherif El-Sayed M.
Published: June 2024

In this study, the fabrication of Ti-12%Zr-4%Ta-2%Sn alloy, Ti-12%Zr-4%Ta-4%Sn alloy, and Ti-12%Zr-4%Ta-6%Sn alloy using powder metallurgy fabrication technique has been carried out. The influence of Sn addition on the corrosion of these alloys after 30 min and 3 days in 3.5% NaCl solution using various techniques has been reported. The Nyquist spectra revealed that boosting Sn content from 2 to 4% and further to 6% increases the corrosion resistance of the alloy through increasing the diameter of the obtained semicircle. Bode spectra also elucidated that the increased percentage of Sn increases the values of the impedance of the interface |Z| and the maximum degree of the phase angle (Φ). It was indicated from the cyclic polarization curves that the increased Sn content increases the passivation of the alloy through decreasing its rate of corrosion and increasing its corrosion resistance. The measured current over time at −0.10 V showed that the alloy with low Sn content, 2%, records the highest currents, which pronouncedly decreases when Sn content increases to 4% and further to 6%. Prolonging the time of exposure from 30 min to 3 days greatly enhances the passivation of the TiZrTaSn alloys due to the formation of mixed oxides of TiO2, ZrO2, TaO2, and SnO2. The results of these electrochemical measurements were confirmed by the surface investigations carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results collectively proved that the uniform corrosion remarkably decreases with the increase in the Sn% and that the pitting corrosion is not likely to take place.
Editorial: In this issue
Authors: Editors
Published: June 2024

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Homo Digitalis in the EU and in Hungary
Authors: Tóth Judit , Kardosné Kaponyi Erzsébet
Published: June 2024

Digitization has such a complex impact on public and private life, fundamental rights, competitiveness and public services, of which the article only examines the implementation of the EU digital transformation in Hungary. In the context of digitalisation, a significant issue is that the criteria for technical-technological standardization and legislation following the principle of democratic constitutionality differ, so Homo Digitalis is born in the midst of these contradictions. Increasing economic and social competitiveness, strengthening the well-being and legal protection of citizens in the implementation of the decades- long Digital Citizenship programs are linked in the EU strategy documents, while creation of the digital world in Hungary differs to some extent: the provisions on digitization are set out in 996 legal sources in force (November 2023) but the development of the emerging institutional, service and public funding system is incoherent, it does not adapt to the real social needs, digital literacy of citizens and digital penetration. Based on government strategies, Digital Hungarians want the e-Administration, e-Payment system and e-Identification available on their mobile phone from comfort, as they are roaming in social media according to surveys. But in the background, the Hungarian path of digital transformation differs from the principles of EU Digital Citizenship, and the new Act on digital services, adopted in December 2023 without public debate, provides the fullest possible state control on citizens, serves to collect and sell their data, in addition to selectively strengthening the ICT corporate world in the country.
Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism in children in recent years: a re-emerging issue?
Authors: Patel Tejal , Longendyke Rachel , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Merchant Nadia
Published: June 2024

Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within the USA due to newer trends of non-iodized salts. There are no recent reviews looking at the current state of iodine deficiency-induced hypothyroidism in children in the USA. We performed a retrospective chart review at our tertiary pediatric endocrine clinic; four met the diagnostic criteria for iodine deficiency defined by a low urine iodine level. We further characterized severity of disease, risk factors, goiter, thyroid labs and antibodies. All cases had significant goiter and were diagnosed within the last 2 years. One case had iodine deficiency due to no iodized salt intake along with concurrent diagnosis of developmental delay and multiple food allergies, while others involved the use of non-iodized salts. Two cases had iodine deficiency along with autoimmunity. It is critical to obtain a dietary history for all patients who present with goiter and/or hypothyroidism. There may be a need to consider reevaluating current preventative measures for iodine deficiency, especially for certain vulnerable populations such as children who do not consume iodized salt.

Learning points

In recent decades, iodine nutrition has become a growing concern due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices.

A dietary history is crucial to obtain in children presenting with hypothyroidism and goiter, especially in children with restrictive diets due to behavioral concerns, developmental delays, or multiple food allergies.

Of the 12 different types of salts commercially available, only table salt contains iodine in an appropriate amount; thus, individuals using specialty salts can develop mild to moderate iodine deficiency-related thyroid disease.
Upper-Body Muscular Endurance and Its Association with Aerobic Capacity in University Students of Physical Culture, Sport, and Recreation
Authors: Rangel Caballero Luis Gabriel , García Mantilla Ezequiel David , Murillo López Alba Liliana , Pérez Bernal Manuel Alejandro , Irribarren Llorente Lourdes Luz
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Upper-body muscular endurance (UBME) and aerobic capacity (AC) are essential components of physical fitness. Low levels of these components are related to cardiovascular disease. Purpose: To assess the association between UBME and AC levels in college students of physical culture. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in 192 students (169 men, 23 women; median age 20 years). Every participant of the study signed written consent. UMBE was the dependent variable assessed by the push-up test, and AC was the main independent variable assessed using the 20 m shuttle run test. To analyze differences by sex, and academic semester, Fischer exact, Student's T, and U Mann-Whitney tests were applied. Descriptive, as well as bivariate and multivariate analysis, were realized using logistic regression models. Results: 82.29 % of participants had healthy levels of UBME. Respecting the academic semester, students had a higher probability of having healthy levels of UBME as semesters increased (OR: 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.06 to 1.44, p = 0.007). Concerning AC, 58.33 % of participants registered healthy levels. After adjusting by sex, age, socioeconomic level, and academic semester, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), was associated with healthy levels of UBME (OR: 1.157, CI 95 %: 1.O71 – 1.249, p=<0.001). Conclusions: Students had a higher probability of presenting healthy levels of UBME as semesters of study increased, and those with a higheVO2max were more likely to have healthy levels of UBME.
Application of Frailty Index in Anthropological Material: Two 17th-18th Century Vilnius Cases
Authors: Paliulytė Emilija
Published: June 2024

In recent years, a new method of measuring stress and frailty in archaeological populations has been developed – the Skeletal Frailty Index (SFI), which can determine changes in the overall health of past people through time. This study considers the applicability of the skeletal frailty index (SFI) in anthropological material by comparing 13 biomarkers of stress between two different 17th-18th century Vilnius communities (Algirdas St. 48C and Subačius St. 7). A sample of 187 individuals (Subačius St. 7, n=105, Algirdas St. 48C, n= 82) between the ages of 18 and over 45 years old was examined. Anova: single factor programme in Excel showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, with Subačius St. 7 individuals (SFI=3,86), who based on archaeological records were the commoners, exhibiting higher frailty than the Algirdas St. 48C individuals (SFI=2,23), who are thought to be the poorest members of society. These differences are explained by the osteological paradox, “cumulative effect” and migration factors. No statistically significant results (p>0.05) were found between female and male individuals in both communities. However, statistically significant results were found between different age groups (p<0.05).
The research results of this thesis revealed that the Skeletal Frailty Index (SFI) is a useful tool for assessing the quality of life and health of anthropological data.
How to turn a state into the tool of revolution: the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Lithuania and Belarus in 1919
Authors: Mickys Paulius Julius
Published: June 2024

Soviet Socialist Republic of Lithuania and Belarus (SSR LiB) is one of the strangest and least understood periods in a turbulent history of Lithuania of the beginning of the 20th century. This paper aims to tackle stereotypes surrounding the Litbel, which are not always able to explain some of the more puzzling elements of the life of the puppet republic. The soviet quasi–state is examined primarily through the lens of the role of instrument of revolution assigned to it. One can distinguish several different ways in which the Bolsheviks hoped to use the territory of Lithuania and Belarus, to which a state–like organizational form was given. Although the Bolsheviks originally brought the SSR LiB to life as a diplomatic weapon for the protection of Soviet Russia, communist leaders were quick to exploit the territory of the new soviet republic for their strategic, military, as well as economic gains. The pursuit of the aforementioned gains was not in the least compatible with the interests and needs of the local population. However, the specific communist thinking, which viewed all political units almost solely as instruments of revolution, did not allow for even a slightest comparison between local problems and the ultimate goal of victory for the socialist revolution, which was viewed as infinitely more valuable.
Phleboliths, not Sialoliths: a submandibular gland venous malformation: case report and literature review
Authors: El-Azzouzi Rajaa , Babah Hassene Zein Abidine , Dani Bouchra , Boulaadas Malik
Published: June 2024

Although venous malformations occurring in the submandibular gland are extremely rare, most have been diagnosed as "hemangiomas". Based on the literature review very few cases of submandibular gland venous malformation were reported for the last 55 years. We provide one of this rare cases; A 62-year-old female patient presented with swelling in the left submandibular area for 6 months with no complaints of xerostomia nor suppuration from the salivary ducts. Ultrasound Sonography test of the neck and CT scan revealed an heterogenous lesion in left submandibular area with multiple calcifications. The mass was surgically excised, the histopathological examination reported a submandibular gland venous malformation with phleboliths. Low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck region can develop phleboliths that may be mistaken for sialoliths given the similar calcified nature and location specially in salivary gland area. Appropriate history, clinical examination and investigation leads to the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Learning curve in laparoscopic hernioplasty in a University Center in Uruguay
Authors: L Ramirez , C Guarneri , U Parada , F Girardi , J Viera , L Cazabán
Published: June 2024

he implementation of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty requires the application of a safe and feasible teaching program within the framework of an experienced staff. Training, anatomical knowledge and systematization are fundamental pillars in the learning curve. Laparoscopic resolution of hernial pathology is considered one of the most complex procedures to teach. The standardization of the surgical technique allows to achieve shorter learning curves, bearing in mind that it is longer in the laparoscopic approach than in the classic open approach. Objectives: To evaluate through surgical time, the evolution in the learning curve for laparoscopic hernioplasty in a university center. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, based on the analysis of medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic hernias at the Hospital de Clínicas, between March 2021 and March 2024. Results: Of the total number of patients collected, 87 met the established The N for group A was 40, while the N for group B was 47. The average surgical procedure time for group A was 130 minutes, while for group B it was 85 minutes, showing a P-value of 0.0002. An average time reduction of 34.5% (45 min) was observed. Conclusion: Although there is no consensus on the surgical times and the number of procedures necessary to complete a learning curve in laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery, we have been able to evaluate it in our hospital. The creation of the wall unit had a positive impact, generating a decrease in surgical times.
Utility of using Indocyanine green to locate parathyroid adenoma and predict hypocalcemia
Authors: Elias Gallardo Navarro , Raúl Adame Paredes , Bejarano Maria Vigil Escalera , Martha Gabriela Flores Vite , Armando Mansilla Alba , Carlos Mancera Steiner , Francisco García Rodríguez
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Secondary hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism is a frequent complication of parathyroidectomy, which has certain difficulties in terms of intraoperative localization of the gland, since the surgeon uses his sight, touch and experience, to reach the task of the surgical act. Clinical case: 62-year-old woman, who started her current condition 8 months ago when she was diagnosed with osteoporosis, with hypercalcemia and significant elevation of parathyroid hormone. Cervical ultrasound and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy were requested, showing a nodular image compatible with parathyroid adenoma in the left lower thyroid lobe. The patient underwent left inferior parathyroidectomy with the use of indocyanine green. Conclusion: The identification of a parathyroid adenoma intraoperatively with the aid of fluorescence appears to be a reproducible, safe and easy way to use when treating this type of endocrine pathology.
Виявлення структурних особливостей об’єктів методом рентґенівського фазового контрасту
Authors: Ovcharenko A. , Lebed O.
Published: June 2024

Фазовий контраст знаходить широке застосування в усiх галузях, де потрiбна вiзуалiзацiя внутрiшньої структури об’єктiв за допомогою рентґенiвського випромiнювання. У роботi запропоновано новий пiдхiд моделювання фазоконтрастного рентґенiвського зображення методом вiльного поширення на основi теорiї Френеля–Кiрхгофа. Розроблена проста розрахункова модель дозволяє визначити значення змiни iнтенсивностi на тривимiрних моделях об’єктiв макроскопiчних розмiрiв довiльної форми i, вiдповiдно, умови спостереження контрастного зображення при вiдомих характеристиках детекторної системи та iнтенсивностi джерела випромiнювання. Була показана можливiсть одержання чiтких зображень об’єктiв з малими показниками заломлення, визначення їх геометричних розмiрiв та товщини. Викладенi у роботi пiдходи можуть бути кориснi розробникам компактних пристроїв для виявлення структурних неоднорiдностей всерединi дослiджуваних об’єктiв неруйнiвним методом.
Оптичні та структурні властивості нанопорошків сполук свинцю, отриманих електролітичним методом
Authors: Nechyporuk B.D. , Kolomys O.F. , Rudyk B.P. , Strelchuk V.V. , Moroz M.V. , Myslinchyk V.O. , Tataryn B.A.
Published: June 2024

Дослiджено вплив температури та складу електролiту на процес отримання нанопорошкiв сполук свинцю електролiтичним методом з використанням свинцевих електродiв. Проведено рентґеноструктурнi дослiдження, результати яких було використано для визначення складу отриманих зразкiв та розмiрiв нанокристалiв за допомогою формули Дебая–Шеррера. Обговорюються можливостi утворення оксидiв свинцю i карбонату свинцю при використаннi електролiтичного методу отримання наночастинок. Показано, що незалежно вiд температури електролiту отримуються нанокристали оксиду i карбонату свинцю. Результати рентґеноструктурних дослiджень цих зразкiв порiвнюються з результатами комбiнацiйного розсiювання свiтла (КРС). Проведено аналiз смуг фотолюмiнесценцiї сформованих сполук.
Випадкова послідовна адсорбція дископрямокутників, покритих відштовхуючими оболонками
Authors: Lebovka N.I. , Bulavin L.A. , Petryk M.R. , Vygornitskii N.V.
Published: June 2024

Проведено дослiдження адсорбцiї анiзометричних частинок (дископрямокутникiв) на двовимiрнiй площинi. Спiввiдношення сторiн (вiдношення довжини до ширини ɛ = l/d) змiнювали в iнтервалi ɛ = 1–10. Було вивчено модифiковану модель випадкової послiдовної адсорбцiї (RSA). У цiй моделi частинки були покритi оболонками, що вiдштовхуються. Основними параметрами моделi є товщина проникної оболонки Rc i максимальна кiлькiсть Zm оболонок найближчих частинок, яку може перетнути оболонка наступної осадженої частинки. Обговорено поведiнку ступеня покриття поверхнi в насиченому станi при рiзних значеннях параметрiв Rc, Zm, ɛ.
Микола Іванович Лебовка (до 70-річчя від дня народження)
Authors: Bulavin L.A. , Kulish M.P. , Gavryushenko D.A. , Gotsulskyi V.Ya. , Dmytrenko O.P. , Doroshenko I.Yu. , Lazarenko M.M. , Lysetskyi L.M. , Malomuzh M.P. , Nikolayenko T.Yu. , Cherevko K.V. , Pavlenko O.L. , Prokopenko V.A.
Published: June 2024

15 травня цього року виповнюється 70 рокiв Миколi Iвановичу Лебовцi, вiдомому українському вченому в галузi фiзико-хiмiї конденсованого середовища, доктору фiзико-математичних наук, професору, завiдувачу лабораторiї фiзико-хiмiї дисперсних мiнералiв в Iнститутi бiоколоїдної хiмiї iм. Ф.Д. Овчаренка Нацiональної академiї наук України.
Стресові стани населення України в контексті війни: соціально-груповий аналіз
Authors: Злобіна Олена Геннадіївна
Published: June 2024

У доповіді наведено результати дослідження стресових станів населення України під час війни. Війна чинить комплексний негативний тиск на психологічний стан населення через створення екзистенційних загроз та підсилення дії всіх стресорів. Під їхнім впливом виникають такі стресові стани, як психологічний дистрес, стан подовженого стресу та посттравматичний стресовий розлад. Аналіз результатів репрезентативного всеукраїнського опитування показав, що 69 % населення має низький рівень дистресу, що свідчить про достатньо ефективне використання населенням ресурсів психологічного спротиву для захисту від дії стресорів війни. Водночас виявлено, що найбільш вразливими групами, в яких зафіксовано підвищений рівень дистресу, є максимально депривоване населення, жінки та молодь до 30 років. Зафіксовано, що в різних групах ризику дистрес виявляється в різних формах, що потребує вироблення диференційованих підходів до зміцнення ресурсів спротиву на психологічному рівні.