bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Insight of N6-Methyladenosine in Cardiovascular System
Authors: Zhang Huan , Lu Wei , Tang Hao-yue , Chen Ai-Qun , Gao Xiao-fei , Zhang Jun-Jie
Published: December 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant internal co-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This modification is catalyzed by m6A methyltransferases, known as "writers," including METTL3/14 and WTAP, and removed by demethylases, or "erasers," such as FTO and ALKBH5. It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins, or "readers," such as YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, and HNRNPA2B1. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies indicate that m6A RNA modification plays a critical role in both the physiological and pathological processes involved in the initiation and progression of CVDs. In this review, we will explore how m6A RNA methylation impacts both normal and disease states of the cardiovascular system. Our focus will be on recent advancements in understanding the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory factors of m6A RNA methylation, along with its downstream target genes in various CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, metabolic disorders, and heart failure. We propose that the m6A RNA methylation pathway holds promise as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Associated Complex Biofluids, Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma
Authors: Aitken Robert John , Wilkins Alexandra , Harrison Natasha , Bahrami Mohammad , Gibb Zamira , McIntosh Kaitlin , Vuong Quan , Lambourne Sarah
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: The RoXstaTM system has been developed as a potential diagnostic tool to profile the antioxidant activity of complex biological fluids. (2) Methods: This methodology was used to assess the ability of different biofluids (semen, blood plasma, serum, urine, saliva, follicular fluid and plant extracts) to suppress free radical formation, as well as scavenge a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites including free radicals and peroxides. (3) Results: Human semen was shown to have significantly (p < 0.001) more peroxide scavenging power than any other fluid tested, while urine was particularly effective in scavenging free radicals and preventing free radical formation. The powerful antioxidant properties of human semen were shown to reside within the seminal plasma (SP) fraction, rather than the spermatozoa, and to be resistant to snap freezing in liquid nitrogen. Moreover, comparative studies demonstrated that human SP exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of antioxidant potential than any other species examined (stallion, bull, dog) and that this intense activity reflected the relative vulnerability of human spermatozoa to peroxide attack. (4) Conclusions: the RoXstaTM system provides valuable information on the antioxidant profile of complex biological fluids, supporting its diagnostic role in conditions associated with oxidative stress. Based on the results secured in this study, human semen is identified as a particularly rich source of antioxidants capable of scavenging both hydrogen-, and organic- peroxides, in keeping with the high susceptibility of human spermatozoa to peroxide-mediated damage.
Impact of the implementation of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus vaccination program in dairy farms: Longitudinal analysis
Authors: Bellido Demian , Wenz Diego , Schang Martin , Tibaldo Rubiolo Facundo , Mangioni Pablo , Gumina Emanuel , Wigdorovitz Andrés , Parreño Viviana
Published: December 2024

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in Argentinian herds affecting the performance of both beef cattle and dairy cattle. The traditional approach of removing PI cattle to control BVDV infections is not feasible to implement at large scale in our country due to geographical and productive characteristics. In this study we evaluated the effect of a novel subunit targeted vaccine against BVDV to reduce the impact of the virus in dairy herds. Different reproductive, health and productive parameters including conception and abortion rates, open days, calves born per insemination, newborn and overall mortality, and milk production were studied for a ten-year period (2014 – 2023) in six different dairy farms from three different provinces of Argentina. Data were analyzed annually to study the evolution trend of each index and means were compared between two periods: years before and years after vaccine introduction to the herds. All the parameters analyzed showed a significant improvement after the incorporation of the targeted vaccine. The obtained results showed that vaccination with an effective non-replicating vaccine can be a successful approach to minimize the impact of BVDV in dairy farms.
The Completed Density Functional Theory (cDFT) for Accurate Description and Prediction of Properties of Materials
Authors: BAGAYOKO Diola , DIAKITE Yacouba Issa , Dioum Allé , Malozovsky Yuriy
Published: December 2024

The foundational theorems of DFT require, for its correct application, the use of the ground state charge density of a material for calculating its electronic and related properties. The à priori unknown nature of this ground state charge density points to the incomplete nature of the seminal DFT. Mainstream calculations have mostly assumed that results obtained with self-consistent iterations using a single basis set represent the ground state of a material; such results are stationary states among an infinite number of such states – with no relation to the ground state of the material under study. The Completion of DFT [AIP Advance, 4, 127104 (2014)] entailed (a) the introduction of the second corollary to the first DFT theorem and (b) the methodical search for and attainment of the ground state of a material with successive, self-consistent calculations with progressively augmented basis sets. With (a) and (b), the completed density functional theory (cDFT) has unfailingly and accurately predicted properties of several materials and described electronic and related properties of dozens of semiconductors, including their band gaps. The cDFT does not invoke a self-interaction correction or a derivative discontinuity of the exchange-correlation energy. It does not utilize ad hoc potentials. Results of cDFT calculations possess the full physical content of the theory and are in accord with corresponding, experimental ones; they clearly indicate that objectives of the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) can be reached with a widespread utilization of cDFT [MRS Advances 8, 619-625 (2023)].
The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Korean: Psychometric Properties and Associations with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Kim Eun Soo , Kim Yun Tae , Oh Kang-Seob , Shin Young Chul , Jeon Sang-Won , Shin Dong-Won , Cho Sung Joon , Slavich George M. , Kim Junhyung
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Stressors occurring across the life course are considered to have a cumulative impact on health, but there is no instrument for assessing lifetime stressor exposure in Korea. Therefore, we validated the Stress and Adversity Inventory (Adult STRAIN) in Korean. Methods: We translated the Adult STRAIN into Korean and examined its concurrent, predictive, and discriminate validity in 218 Korean adults (79 men, 139 women; Mage=29.5; 19–50 years old) recruited from a psychiatric setting. We assessed concurrent validity using Pearson’s correlations, predictive validity using multiple regression models, and discriminant validity using multivariate logistic regression to identify participants with lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. Results: The Korean STRAIN exhibited exceptional usability and acceptability; excellent concurrent validity with other measures of early adversity, life events, and perceived stress (rs=0.477–0.614); and strong predictive validity in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms (β=0.08–0.47; ΔR2=0.109–0.206). The Korean STRAIN also significantly discriminated participants with psychiatric disorder based on stressor exposure timing, type, life domains, and social-psychological characteristics (odds ratios=1.20–4.85). Finally, the test–retest reliability for total lifetime stressor count and severity over four weeks was outstanding. Conclusions: The Korean STRAIN is a practical, valid, and reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians to efficiently assess lifetime stressor exposure.
Blockchain for Migrants: Promoting Self-Sovereign Identity and Financial Inclusion
Authors: VASSELIN Françoise
Published: December 2024

This article explores the potential of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), with a focus on blockchain, to address key challenges related to the security, ownership, and management of personal data. We trace the foundational work of Haber and Stornetta, who introduced the core principles of blockchain to secure digital records within the real economy. Building on this, Nakamoto’s innovations in blockchain technology introduced a native crypto-asset, which not only aligns and concentrates the interests of network participants but also resolves the previously unsolved “double-spending problem.” This breakthrough decentralizes the verification and control of recorded information, enhancing security in monetary transactions
Migrants often face challenges related to rights protection, identity management, and limited access to financial services. Blockchain applications, with their strengths in secure data storage, transparent transactions, and reliable identity verification, offer promising solutions. In this article, we examine real-world blockchain applications that enhance identity management and foster financial inclusion for migrants. Blockchain provides an infrastructure that empowers individuals with greater control over their financial and personal data, particularly through self-sovereign identity (SSI) and the use of stablecoins as global currencies. These innovations are becoming foundational components of a new digital ecosystem for information and finance.
Nursing Care of an Elderly Critically Ill Patient with Post-Stroke Upper Limb Dysfunction and Maggot Infestation in Oral Caries: A Case Study
Authors: Bao Bingli , Zhuang Zhinuo , Ren Xinyi , Liu Chang , Liu Hongdan , Du Guichun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, with a global impact on approximately 1% of the population, and over 70% of cases involving upper limb dysfunction. This dysfunction can severely compromise self-care abilities, including oral hygiene, leading to complications such as oral myiasis. The objective of this case study is to highlight the importance of vigilant oral care in stroke patients with impaired self-care abilities. Methods: The case study involves an elderly female stroke patient with upper limb dysfunction who experienced cardiac and respiratory arrest, necessitating emergency resuscitation and mechanical ventilation. During oral care, maggots were discovered in dental cavities. The patient underwent intensive nursing interventions, including periodontal irrigation, maggot removal, necrotic tissue debridement, and specialized oral care six times daily. Nutritional support via a gastric tube was also provided. Results: All maggots were successfully removed by the third day, and the patient showed no recurrence of oral myiasis after one week of follow-up. Conclusions: This case underscores the critical need for comprehensive nursing and vigilant oral care in stroke patients with self-care deficits. Early intervention can prevent further complications and improve patient outcomes.
Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Viral Infections and the Impact of Humidity Exposure: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bukavaz Sebnem , Gungor Kultural , Köle Merve , Ekuklu Galip
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of viral agents identified by multiplex PCR in ARVI patients at Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024, and to investigate the relationship between monthly average humidity and viral pos-itivity rates. Methods: The study included 764 adult patients (aged 18 and older) diagnosed with influenza symptoms. Respiratory viral samples were collected and analyzed using Multiplex PCR for COVID-19, Influenza A and B, and RSV, with results evaluated retrospectively. Group variability was assessed using SPSS version 22, employing chi-square and t-tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis for COVID-19 was also conducted. Results: COVID-19 PCR positivity was detected in 142 patients (18.6%), with INF-A in 13 (3.7%), INF-B in 15 (4.2%), and RSV in 2 (0.6%). Higher humidity was associated with reduced viral PCR positivity rates for COVID-19 and Influenza B, while lower humidity correlated with peak cases (p<0.05 for both). Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that high humidity levels offer protection against COVID-19 (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.245-0.518). Conclusions: Our study provides essential epidemiological data by summarizing monthly virus distribution in our region, facilitating effective vaccine selection.
Caffeine Impairs Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis in Dictyostelium by Modulating mTORC2 Activity
Authors: Jaiswal Pundrik
Published: December 2024

Nutrient uptake via phagocytosis and pinocytosis is essential for the survival and growth of Dictyostelium discoideum, with the mTOR signaling pathway, comprising mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, playing a pivotal regulatory role. This study investigated how caffeine and adenosine influence these processes in wild-type (KAX3) and mTORC2-deficient (lst8- and rip3-) cells. Caffeine enhanced phagocytosis rates while inhibiting fluid-phase pinocytosis in KAX3 cells, implicating mTORC2 as a target. Similarly, lst8- and rip3- mutants exhibited increased phagocytosis, confirming that mTORC2 suppresses this process under normal conditions. Fluid uptake in rip3- mutants was less inhibited than in lst8- mutants, suggesting mTORC1’s involvement in pinocytosis regulation alongside upstream proteins. The caffeine resistance observed in lst8- and rip3- mutants reinforced the specificity of mTORC2 as a caffeine target. Adenosine, known for its growth-promoting effects, had no significant impact on phagocytosis or pinocytosis, indicating its action is independent of nutrient uptake. These findings suggest that while mTORC2 plays a central role in suppressing phagocytosis, pinocytosis involves a more complex interplay between mTORC1, mTORC2, and other regulators.
Ambient-Air Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment of Graphite Towards Energy-Effective Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Baidak Vladimir A. , Zavidovskiy Ilya A. , Tatarintsev Andrey A. , Bychkov Vladimir L. , Streletskiy Oleg A.
Published: December 2024

We report the formation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through the interaction of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet, generated via a capillary discharge, with a graphite surface. This surface-modifying discharge was established in a brief air gap between the cathode and ignition electrode, manipulated across varying discharge power levels. Notably, the structural properties of MWCNTs on the graphite anodes demonstrated a clear dependence on discharge power. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, we observed a progression toward disordering in the nanotubes alongside the emergence of graphitized clusters with increasing discharge energy. The formation of relatively defect-free MWCNTs at minimal discharge energy presents an opportunity for their synthesis with low energy consumption of 4.7 kJ/cm2. The suggested energy-efficient, rapid and straightforward technique for tailoring MWCNT formation significantly reduces the reliance on complex and expensive instrumentation, presenting a promising pathway for effective surface modification with potential applications in electronics, gas sensors, and water treatment.
Spillover Effects of Financial Development and Globalisation on Environmental Quality in EAEU Countries
Authors: Shkiotov Sergei Vladimirovich , Markin Maksim Igorevich , Rodina Galina Alekseevna , Berkovich Margarita Izrailevna , Korechkov Yuri Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

One of the unexpected consequences of interregional integration is the risks of environmental degradation. The barrierlessness for goods, services, and economic resources within area of integration association causes monetary expansion facilitates economic growth. Indeed, the further consequence is the environmental degradation in accordance with Kuznets environmental curve hypothesis. Therefore, the dynamics of trade turnover and GDP of the EAEU countries for 2023, the lack of the environmental empirical studies in the EAEU, the impact of integration processes on environmental quality within the integration association are extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of integration spillover effects on the ecological footprint in 5 EAEU countries between 1992 and 2023. In order to achieve the research objective, the analysis sequence was carried out through the following steps: analyze the stationarity of the variables; check for cross-sectional dependence; evaluates the consistency of an estimator; calculate the Moran's I index; estimate research results using the Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), and Spatial Dubin Model (SDM), or eliminate spatial models; analyse and diagnose the model; correct multicollinearity. According to the results, economic growth and integration processes have a positive and statistically significant impact on ecological footprints. However, financial development does not have a long term statistically significant impact on environmental quality in the EAEU countries. The research contains the recommendations on increasing of the environmental quality in terms of economy, institutional and social framework for the EAEU countries.
Exploring Gut Microbiota Imbalance in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics and Their Metabolites
Authors: Garcia-Mansilla Maira Jose , Rodriguez-Sojo Maria Jesus , Lista Andreea Roxana , Ayala-Mosqueda Ciskey Vanessa , Ruiz-Malagón Antonio Jesus , Galvez Julio , Rodriguez-Nogales Alba , Rodriguez-Sanchez Maria Jose
Published: December 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal discomfort, bloating, cramping, flatulence, and changes in bowel movements. The pathophysiology of IBS involves a complex interaction between motor, sensory, microbiological, immunological, and psychological factors. Diversity, stability and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota are frequently altered in IBS, thus leading to a situation of gut dysbiosis. Therefore, the use of probiotics and probiotic-derived me-tabolites may be helpful in balancing the gut microbiota and alleviating irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. This review aimed to report and consolidate recent progress in understanding the role of gut dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of IBS, as well as the current studies that have focused on the use of probiotics and their metabolites, providing a foundation for their potential beneficial effects as a complementary and alternative therapeutic strategy for this condition, due to the current absence of effective and safe treatments.
Obtaining and Characterization of Hydrogels of Poly (Acid Acrylic-co-Acrylamide) Reinforced with Cellulose nanocrystals from Acacia farnesiana L. Willd (Huizache)
Authors: Navarro-Hermosillo Alejandra B , Landázuri-Gómez Gabriel , Soltero-Martínez J. Félix Armando , Gallardo-Sánchez Manuel Alberto , Cortez-Ortega Jorge Alberto , López-López Carmen , Vargas-Radillo J. Jesus , Torres-Rendón José Guillermo , Canché-Escamilla Gonzalo , García-Enriquez Salvador , Macias-Balleza Emma Rebeca
Published: December 2024

In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were obtained from the wood of Acacia far-nesiana L. Willd (huizache) by acid hydrolysis. These were used to reinforce polyacrylic acid-co-acrylamide (AAc/AAm) hydrogels synthesized in a solution process by in situ free radical photo-polymerization. The nanomaterials were characterized by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the residual charge on CNC; the nanohydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, swelling kinetics, and Young's modulus. The soluble grade cellulose presented 94.6% α-cellulose, 0.5% β-cellulose, and 2.7% γ-cellulose, a viscosity of 8.25 cp, and a degree of polymerization (DP) of 706. The CNC averaged 180 nm in length and 20 nm in width. In the nanohydrogels, it was observed that the Schott kinetic model was followed at times lower than 500 h; after that, the swelling kinetic behavior is linear. The re-sults show that the hydrogel swelling capacity depends on crosslinking agent and CNC concen-tration as the chemical and morphological CNC properties rather than a CNC source. The pres-ence of CNC decreases the swelling degree compared to hydrogels without CNC. Young's modu-lus increased with CNC presence and depended on CNC characteristics as crosslinking agent and concentration.
A Modular Customizable Ligand-Conjugate (LC) System Targeting Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase
Authors: Ford Amber L. , Taft Caine W. , Sprague-Getsy Andrea M. , Carlson Gracie C. , Mate Nilamber A. , Sieburg Michelle A. , Chisholm John D. , Hougland James L.
Published: December 2024

Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide hormone that impacts a wide range of biological processes including appetite regulation, glucose metabolism, growth hormone regulation, and cognitive function. To bind and activate its cognate receptor, ghrelin must be acylated on a serine residue in a post-translational modification performed by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). GOAT is a membrane bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) responsible for catalysis of the addition of an octanoyl fatty acid to the third serine of desacyl ghrelin. Beyond its canonical role for ghrelin maturation in endocrine cells within the stomach, GOAT was recently reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and detected at increased levels in the serum and urine of PCa patients. This suggests GOAT can serve as a potential route for detection and therapeutic targeting for PCa and other diseases which exhibit GOAT overexpression. Building upon a ghrelin mimetic peptide with nanomolar affinity for GOAT, we developed an antibody conjugate-inspired system for customizable ligand-conjugate (LCs) synthesis allowing for attachment of a wide range of cargos. The developed synthetic scheme allows for facile synthesis of desired LCs and demonstrates our ligand system tolerates an extensive palette of cargos while maintaining nanomolar affinity against GOAT.
Contingencia y comunidad: los juarenses ante la crisis comercial y migratoria
Authors: Bazán Mayagoitia Norma Deirdré
Published: December 2024

¿En qué contextos se fortalece o debilita una comunidad?, ¿las comunidades reaccionan de la misma manera en situaciones de crisis? El presente texto tiene el propósito de reflexionar en torno a estas preguntas, y toma como base la reacción de la comunidad juarense ante la crisis comercial y migratoria de principios del 2019, que es, sin duda, la más compleja en la historia reciente del país.
Comunidad y otredad
Authors: Ciani Italy
Published: December 2024

Hablar de comunidad es referirse a un conjunto de personas afines entre sí que habitan en una zona determinada y comparten valores, ideología, lengua, tradiciones, intereses, cultura, en suma: origen y destino. En la comunidad se gesta un vínculo social importante de pertenencia e identidad, que al mismo tiempo que acompaña, distingue. Esa diferencia es hoy la marca de la comunidad.
Dos premios con trayectora...
Authors: Salazar Margarita
Published: December 2024

El pasado 25 de octubre se llevó a cabo la entrega de los dos premios que año con año otorga la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. En este 2019, el Premio Nacional de Literatura José Fuentes Mares correspondió al género de novela; respecto al Premio Anual de Crítica Literaria y Ensayo Político Guillermo Rousset Banda, ha sido para la primera categoría. Ambos son para obra publicada. El premio fue entregado por el Rector, Juan I. Camargo Nassar, y estuvieron presentes en la ceremonia, Verónica Fuentes Peredo y Antonio Rousset Bonilla, hijos de estos reconocidos autores.
Madres policías de Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Natividad Rivera Karen Dayanara
Published: December 2024

En la actualidad, para referirse a la mujer es crucial dimensionar la transformación en la percepción de los roles de género, que se ha transformado con el tiempo. En las últimas décadas hemos presenciado un cambio significativo en la forma en la que sociedad valora a los roles de mujeres en diferentes ámbitos. Históricamente, las mujeres han sido relegadas a roles vinculados al ámbito privado – doméstico, como tareas administrativas, secretariales o actividades relacionadas con el hogar. Estos estereotipos limitaban y todavía limitan las oportunidades de las mujeres en el ámbito laboral.
Mujeres, seguridad y liderazgo
Authors: Rangel Romero Xochithl Guadalupe
Published: December 2024

Los derechos de las mujeres se han consolidado dentro de los parámetros del siglo XXI, pero en la práctica pareciera ser incomprendidos y no observados. Desde que se reconoce a niñas y mujeres sujetas de derechos y no objetos de protección, se necesita avanzar en los derechos domésticos nacionales, en sus instrumentos normativos, y sobre todo lograr que, desde lo comunitario, se vinculara una igualdad de acción y derechos que no propicien condiciones injustas entre la población.
Long-term Follow-up for Successful Salvage of Knee Dislocation Complicated by Infection
Authors: Maez Devin A. , Richter Dustin L. , Schenck Robert C.
Published: December 2024

Case:

A 44-year-old morbidly obese man suffered an ultra-low velocity knee dislocation with anterior and posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament tears after falling from a stationary bike. He underwent open reduction, external fixator application, and multiligamentous reconstruction. Postoperatively, he developed septic arthritis requiring debridement, graft removal, and antibiotic therapy, with eventual conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We present nearly 20-year follow-up on this complex case.

Conclusion:

Morbid obesity amplifies the risks of knee dislocation management, including ligament reconstruction failure and septic arthritis. Long-term follow-up allows for analysis of treatment strategies of severe complications.
Synovial Chondromatosis Versus Rice Bodies
Authors: Rush Caroline K. , Mazzocca Jillian L. , He Lin J. , Matzkin Elizabeth G.
Published: December 2024

Although rare, loose bodies can be found in joints and cause symptoms of swelling, stiffness, and pain, leading patients to seek clinical treatment. Two types of loose bodies include rice bodies (RBs) and those associated with synovial chondromatosis (SC). Although confused because of similar gross appearance and presentation on imaging, these bodies are pathologically distinct with RBs being composed of fibrin and SC forming nodules of hyaline cartilage. Treatment of either SC or RBs should consider underlying causal or correlating diseases in addition to potential surgical removal of the loose bodies.
The role of Box A of HMGB1 in producing γH2AX-associated DNA breaks in lung cancer
Authors: Settayanon Sirapat , Chanvorachote Pithi , Mutirangura Apiwat
Published: December 2024

An ideal chemotherapeutic agent damages DNA specifically in cancer cells without harming normal cells. Recently, we used a Box A of HMGB1 plasmid as a molecular scissor to produce a DNA gap protected by SIRT1. The DNA gap relieves DNA tension and increases DNA strength. Since the level of SIRT1 in many types of cancers is lower than that in normal cells, the outcome of DNA gaps produced by Box A may be different in cancer cells. We demonstrated the role of γH2AX-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) produced by Box A in lung cancer cells lacking SIRT1. We transfected Box A plasmid into lung cancer cell lines to overexpress Box A and evaluated the expression levels of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling cascade markers. Then, we demonstrated the effect of Box A-induced DSBs on lung cancer cell proliferation. Box A overexpression increased the levels of DDR signaling proteins, including γH2AX, ATM, ATR, and p53. It may also inhibit cancer cell growth and promote cancer cells death by apoptosis. Thus, Box A of HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic agent for lung cancer, damaging cancer cells while reinforcing normal cells.
Identification of shared genetic loci for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and pollinosis in East Asians
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Shuai , Wu Qinfeng , Jiang Yue , Zhang Chumeng , Ye Weiyi , Peng Bichen , Xie Haoran , Li Wen , Wang Yue , Zhi Lili , Chang Xiao , Shao Lei
Published: December 2024

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and pollinosis are prevalent respiratory conditions that often co-occur, suggesting common genetic and environmental causes. While significant progress has been made in identifying genetic loci in European populations, the genetic architecture in East Asian populations remains poorly understood. Using GWAS summary statistics from BioBank Japan, we performed multi-trait genome-wide association studies (MTAG) to quantify the genetic overlap among asthma, allergic rhinitis, and pollinosis in East Asians. Genetic correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among the three conditions, and stratified LDSC analysis identified heritability enrichments in Blood/Immune and Digestive tissues. We discovered novel pleiotropic loci at 9q32 and 10q25.2 specific to East Asians, with candidate gene expression analysis highlighting differential expression of AKNA, ATP6V1G1, and GPAM. These findings provide new insights into the shared genetic architecture and biological mechanisms underlying these conditions, advancing our understanding of their genetic determinants and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Optimizing root spatial distribution during the flower-boll stage can reduce yield losses from square stage drought
Authors: Guo Congcong , Bao Xiaoyuan , Sun Hongchun , Zhao Hongjuan , Zhu Lingxiao , Zhang Yongjiang , Zhang Ke , Li Anchang , Zhao Cai , Liu Liantao , Li Cundong
Published: December 2024

Background Root spatial distribution, as an important phenotype trait of root function, is closely related to drought tolerance. Drought hinders cotton development during the growing stage. However, the effects of drought at the square stage on the spatial distribution characteristics of cotton roots at the flower-boll and boll opening stages are still unclear.
Methods To address this gap, 30 different cotton cultivars were cultivated in the field. The control treatment received routine irrigation (1175 m3·hm-2) and drought stress treatment received reduced irrigation (822.5 m3·hm-2). Multiple parameters, including root traits, above-ground traits, and yield, were assessed.
Results At flower-boll stage, drought stress during the square stage significantly reduced SPAD and Fv/Fm in cotton. Cluster analysis categorized all cultivars into drought-tolerant, relatively drought-tolerant, intermediate-sensitive, relatively drought-sensitive, and drought-sensitive cultivars. Under drought stress, drought-tolerant cultivars exhibited a bigger decrease in average lateral root angles, a less pronounced increase in root/shoot ratio and 24.25% higher yield than drought-sensitive cultivars. Additionally, at 50-60 cm soil layer, root length density in drought-tolerant cultivars increased by 141.78%, compared to drought-sensitive cultivars under drought stress, and two cultivars were symmetrically distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer. Interestingly, due to substantial rainfall, there were no significant differences in root spatial distribution at boll opening stage.
Conclusion In summary, drought at the square stage can improve drought tolerance and reduce yield losses by reducing the lateral root angles, optimizing root/shoot ratio and increasing root length density in deeper soil layer during the flower-boll stage.
Ononin Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Al-Kabariti Aya , Abbas Manal , Alqaraleh Moath , Madi Razan , Bustanji Yasser
Published: December 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of global breast cancer incidence. The disease is characterized by aggressive characteristics, unfavorable outlook, and a higher rate of recurrence. The absence of estrogen receptor alpha renders hormonal therapies ineffective. Chemotherapy remains the standard approach for treatment. However, it has severe side effects. This research explores the cytotoxic activity of Ononin against TNBC in vitro and its ability to enhance the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin (DOX) on MDA-MB-231 cells. The impact of Ononin as well as Ononin-DOX combination on cytotoxicity, migration, colony formation, and apoptosis were investigated. Ononin exhibited cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 cells, with an IC50 of 52 µM, while DOX had an IC50 of 1.8 µM. Noteworthy, combining Ononin with DOX led to reduction in the ED70, ED75, and ED90 of DOX against MDA-MB-231 cells by 1.34-fold, 2.68-fold, and 55-fold, respectively. Combining 0.45 µM of DOX with 6 µM of Ononin resulted in a notable decrease in colony formation compared to 0.45 µM of DOX alone (p < 0.0001). Ononin exhibited strong anti-migratory effects. When combined with DOX, it significantly reduced cell migration compared to DOX (0.45 µM) alone after 72 hours (p < 0.05). On the other hand, Ononin (25 µM) had no effect on the expression of caspase 3 gene in these cells. It stands out as the first study to show that Ononin, as a standalone agent, reduces MDA-MB-231 cell viability, migration and colony formation. Additionally, it synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effects of DOX.
Does states fragility influence the efficiency of public spending in developing countries?
Authors: NGONBÉ Olivier DIANGONODJI , TEKAM Jacques Eric TAMNO , KENECK-MASSIL Joseph , NDJOKOU Itchoko Motande MONDJELI MWA
Published: December 2024

Several studies analyze the determinants of public spending efficiency. However, states fragility is often overlooked. This paper contributes to the large literature on public spending by examining the effect of states fragility. The empirical analysis covers 99 developing countries for the period 2006–2019. Using several empirical approaches, this analysis finds that states fragility negatively affects the efficiency of total public spending. The negative effect remains significant when the efficiency score is disaggregated by health and education spending. Using the components of states fragility, only factionalized elites, uneven development, and demographic pressures have no effect on the efficiency of public spending. This suggests that policymakers need to reduce political, socioeconomic, and security weaknesses-the different dimensions of states fragility-in order to increase resilience and manage resources effectively.
JEL Codes:H7, H75, H50, I0
Pulmonary vasodilator use in very preterm infants in United States children’s hospitals
Authors: Vega Tomas F. , Huber Matthew , Jensen Erik A. , Avitabile Catherine M. , Lorch Scott A. , Gibbs Kathleen A. , O'Byrne Michael L. , Frank David B. , Bamat Nicolas A.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To describe common pulmonary vasodilators (PV), exposure timing, and characteristics associated to their use in very preterm (VP) infants.
Study Design: Observational study of VP infants discharged from U.S. children’s hospitals (2011-2021). PV exposures during hospitalization were identified, and multivariable modeling determined characteristics associated with exposure.
Results: Among 37,428 infants, 6.3% received PV. Early inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and late sildenafil were most common. Early exposure was associated with lower gestational age, aOR: 9.2 (7.3-11.7), 22-25 vs. 29-31 weeks) and small for gestational age (SGA), 2.3 (2.0-2.7). Late exposure was associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) grade, 26.2 (16.8-40.9), grade 3 vs. no BPD) and early PV exposure, 3.7 (2.9-4.8).
Conclusions: Early iNO and late sildenafil are used in VP infants despite limited evidence. Prospective early studies enrolling extremely preterm or SGA infants and late studies enrolling infants with early PV exposure or high-grade BPD would target current evidence gaps.
Machine Learning-Aided Spatial Adaptation for Improved Digital Image Correlation Analysis of Complex Geometries
Authors: Leu Jeffrey , Tong Zixiang , Doty Andrew , Tsimpoukis Solon , Yang Jin
Published: December 2024

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a widely used experimental technique for measuring full-field deformations. However, its applicability to samples with irregular geometries, particularly for measuring deformations near sample edges, has been limited. This is because DIC subset windows must be split when their centroids approach the sample edge, and portions of the subset outside the sample region need to be discarded, which often requires significant manual intervention. In this paper, we present a novel machine learning-aided approach that significantly improves the efficiency and speed of DIC post-processing. Our approach begins by utilizing the recently developed Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) to rapidly generate initial masks that delineate regions of interest within the sample. Compared to conventional image segmentation methods, this approach reduces computation time by one to two orders of magnitude. These masks then undergo spatial and temporal refinement to improve accuracy and consistency. The refined masks serve as input for our recently developed SpatioTemporally Adaptive Quadtree mesh DIC (STAQ-DIC) method, which automatically selects regions of interest and generates adaptively refined meshes, particularly around areas with complex geometries. DIC subsets near sample edges or internal voids are automatically split, further improving the accuracy of the resolved displacement fields. Through multiple case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in accelerating and improving DIC analysis for complex geometries. It provides a more efficient and accurate means of measuring deformations in challenging experimental scenarios, while minimizing manual intervention and processing time. Additionally, we provide an open-source code that is freely available to use our approach.
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Homobenzylic Hydroamidation of Vinylarenes: A Strategy for Chiral β-(Hetero)arylethylamides
Authors: Lyu Xiang , Jeon Eojin , Seo Changhyeon , Kim Dongwook , Chang Sukbok
Published: December 2024

Herein, we introduce a Ni-catalyzed asymmetric homobenzylic hydroamidation reaction that efficiently addresses the dual challenge of achieving regio- and enantioselectivity in the synthesis of β-(hetero)arylethylamides. By employing a transposed NiH catalysis approach, this method facilitates the formation of key nickel-amido intermediates, enabling migratory insertion into alkenes to produce the desired products. The reaction exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and utilizes simple, readily available starting materials, thereby readily accessing pharmaceutical and natural product frameworks. Notably, the approach was applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and natural products, such as Sacubitril and Cipargamin, showcasing its potential to streamline the process with high yields and selectivity. This work underscores the transformative role of NiH catalysis in expanding the toolbox of asymmetric hydroamidation.
Neurobehavioural Deficits, Atherogenic Risk, and Oxido-inflammatory Response in Mice Fed with Combined Sodium Benzoate and Monosodium
Glutamate Supplementation in Normal and High-fat Diets
Authors: Alabi Akinyinka O. , Chimezie Joseph , Asejeje Folake O. , Murtala Akanji A. , Kasumu Emmanuel O. , Oyinloye Elijah O. , Ajayi Abayomi M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Background:

The overuse of food additives and preservatives has become
a source of concern globally due to the inherent risks associated with them. This study
evaluated neurobehavioral performance, atherogenic risk, and oxido-inflammatory response in
mice fed with normal and high-fat diets supplemented with combined sodium benzoate (SB) and
monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Materials/Methods:

Mice were divided into four groups (n=6) and fed with normal diet (ND),
high-fat diet (HFD), ND+MSG+SB, and HFD + MSG +SB, respectively, for 28 days. Neurobehavioral
performance in mice was carried out in an open field, and Y-maze tests were performed.
Serum was obtained to determine lipid profile and atherogenic risk, while brain homogenate was
used to determine oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and neurotransmitter-related enzyme
activities.

Results:

This study reported that in mice fed with HFD, ND+MSG+SB, and HFD + MSG +SB,
there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in explorative activity, an increase in anxiety-like behavior,
as well as decreased memory performance. Malondialdehyde and nitrites levels increased,
while levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, catalase and superoxide
dismutase, were significantly reduced. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were significantly
increased in the brains of mice fed with HFD, ND+MSG+SB, and HFD + MSG +SB
when compared with control. Moreover, the activities of acetylcholinesterase increased while
glutamic acid decarboxylase decreased significantly.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, SB and MSG supplementation in diets caused neurobehavioral deficits
in mice, increased atherogenic risk, and upregulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response
in mice brains.
Brain Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning with AdaBound from MR-images
Authors: Khan Naseebia , Sikrant Poornima A. , Vijjapu Anuragh , Chitra D , Kalyani Kapula , Reddy Pundru Chandra Shaker , Samrin Rafath
Published: December 2024

Aims and Background:

A tumour is a kind of cell that grows uncontrollably and uniformly.
Brain tumors (BT) are one of the leading causes of mortality in humans. In the United
States, almost half of all patients die from primary BT each year. Brain tumors are diagnosed using
electronic modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used and
popular electronic modalities for tumor detection.

Objectives and Methods:

In this research article, we included classification and optimization, with
categorization using a deep convolution neural network (DCNN) and optimization using the AdaBound
Optimizer (AO). When filtering input pictures, the aim of utilizing DCNN for classification
is to maintain spatial connections. The spatial connection is critical for detecting the tumor-
non-tumor area interface and assessing edge tissues. As a result, it categorizes the input with
a higher likelihood, and for ease of implementation, the AO is utilized. It uses less memory, is
more computationally efficient, and achieves superior nonstationary goals. AO also performs effectively
with large datasets/parameters because of the noisy or sparse gradient requirement.

Results:

Finally, the results show improved accuracy, faster convergence, and better generalization
compared to traditional optimizers. These findings highlight the potential of the model for
more reliable and efficient automated medical diagnosis.

Conclusion:

According to the simulated results, the training accuracy rate of the AO model is
91.17% and 96.87% for 5 and10 epochs, respectively. Relative to the training accuracy of the
SGD optimizer models for 5 and10 epochs is 96.7% and 99%, respectively.
Prediksi tutupan lahan untuk penentuan jangkauan manuver pertahanan darat di Kawasan New Yogyakarta International Airport
Authors: Agustinus A.K.A , Murti Sigit Heru , Suratman Suratman
Published: December 2024

Dalam konteks militer, kawasan Bandar Udara New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat pertahanan militer (central of gravity) yang dapat memicu perubahan lingkungan strategis pada tahun-tahun mendatang dan berpengaruh terhadap kemudahan manuver pertahanan darat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prediksi perubahan lahan tutupan dan kemudahan manuver pertahanan darat tahun 2030 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2022 menggunakan metode Cellular Automata-Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) untuk menganalisis prediksi tutupan lahan dan Euclidean Distance untuk menganalisis kemudahan manuver. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terjadi perubahan tutupan lahan signifikan di sekitar Bandara NYIA tahun 2014-2022, dengan daerah bervegetasi, lahan kosong dan daerah pertanian terkonversi menjadi bangunan/permukiman. Analisis CA-ANN menggunakan data tutupan lahan 2014 dan 2018 menghasilkan nilai Kappa Coefficient 0,82193 dengan persentase correctness 89,15723% sehingga layak untuk memprediksi tutupan lahan tahun 2030. Pada tahun 2022 dan pada prediksi 2030, sebagian besar kawasan penelitian memiliki manuver pertahanan yang sangat mudah dan mudah, sehingga memperlancar operasi pertahanan darat.
Geostatistical Mapping of Groundwater Salinity and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Jember Regency Using Physicochemical Parameters and Seawater Fraction
Authors: Mujib Muhammad Asyroful , Astutik Sri , Apriyanto Bejo , Muhammad Ikhlas Nur , Fitra Audina Anugra
Published: December 2024

Seawater intrusion significantly impacts groundwater quality in coastal areas, presenting a critical challenge for sustainable water resource management. This study aimed to map groundwater salinity in the southern coastal region of Jember Regency by employing simple physicochemical parameters, including Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and seawater fraction (fsea), which was determined using chloride (Cl-) concentrations. Fieldwork was conducted at 211 well sites across ten villages, and the sea-freshwater interface was analyzed using the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. Geostatistical analysis using Ordinary Kriging was applied to spatially map the salinity parameters. Results indicated that 83% of groundwater samples were classified as fresh, 16% as slightly saline, and 1% as moderately saline. Areas near Payangan and Watu Ulo Beaches exhibited higher seawater fractions, with fsea values up to 23%, indicating significant seawater mixing. These findings underscore the need for targeted groundwater management strategies to mitigate seawater intrusion in this region