bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nanta Activities on the Adults Who Stutter with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Park Yeong Hye , Lee Kyungjae , Choi Seong Hee
Published: August 2021

Adults who stutter (AWS) may have difficulty in coordination of speech-related muscles movement. Therefore enhancement of coordiantion of speech-related muscles may result in a decrease in disfluency. The current study is a case report of two AWS with intellectual disabilities who received Nanta treatment, non-verbal music therapy technique focusing on coordination of muscles. Two AWS with intellectual disabilities received Nanta treatment for 15 sessions. The Nanta treatment is made up of two goals; body movement to rhythm and speech-related movement to rhythm. Disfluency frequencies for conversation samples were measured pre-treatment, every second treatment, and post-treatment. In addition, a communication test was conducted pre- and post-treatment. Both participants showed a decrease in disfluency frequencies. Moreover there were individualized differences in the changing pattern. However, the participants did not show a positive change in communication attitude. The Nanta treatment may have been effective in reducing disfluency frequencies for the participants of the current study, especially because the treatment was based on non-verbal techniques. These results emphasize that stuttering treatment should be individualized according to the client's characteristics.
О разрушении упругих полимерных материалов под воздействием электронного пучка
Authors: Гуревич М.И. , Казаков Е.Д. , Калинин Ю.Г. , Курило А.А. , Тельковская О.В. , Чукбар К.В.
Published: August 2021

An explanation for a feature found in several experiments in the general picture of the destruction of non-brittle polymers under the influence of a shock wave initiated by a powerful electron beam is proposed. The distance of the cracking region from the surface of the material affected by the beam to a finite length in depth is associated with the three-dimensional nature of the propagation of elastic waves. The universality of the effect is demonstrated by the simplest isotropic model, which shows that large tensile stresses are effectively generated inside the target at its sufficiently large transverse and longitudinal size, even without taking into account nonlinear and shear processes.
Намагниченность композита Cd-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- + (30%)MnAs при высоком давлении
Authors: Сайпулаева Л.А. , Абдулвагидов Ш.Б. , Арсланов Т.Р. , Алибеков А.Г. , Хизриев К.Ш. , Мельникова Н.В. , Гаджиалиев М.М. , Тебеньков А.В. , Бабушкин А.Н. , Захвалинский В.С. , Риль А.И. , Маренкин С.Ф.
Published: August 2021

This work presents the results of studying the magnetization at pressures up to 5 GPa of a composite consisting of a Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 and 30 mol. % ferromagnet MnAs.
О распределении носителей заряда в ветви термоэлектрического охладителя
Authors: Марков О.И.
Published: August 2021

The simulation of energy conversion in the branches of a thermoelectric cooler is carried out. The influence of various distributions of the active impurity along the branch of the thermoelement on its efficiency in the mode of maximum temperature drop is considered. The calculation is carried out within the framework of a two-band standard model of the band structure of a semiconductor for non-degenerate charge carriers. The Thomson effect was not taken into account.
Собственные частоты изгибных колебаний углеродных нанотрубок
Authors: Дмитриев С.В. , Сунагатова И.Р. , Ильгамов М.А. , Павлов И.С.
Published: August 2021

Using a molecular dynamics model with a reduced number of degrees of freedom, the natural frequencies of bending vibrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various diameters are calculated under plane strain conditions. It is shown that the theory of thin cylindrical shells provides high accuracy in estimating the frequencies of low-amplitude natural vibrations even for relatively small CNT diameters. It is shown that with an increase in the amplitude, the frequency of natural vibrations decreases, which is consistent with the data available in the literature. The results obtained are necessary for the design of terahertz resonators based on CNTs and high-precision mass and force nanosensors based on the effect of electromechanical coupling that CNTs exhibit.
Effects of Active Video Games on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Comeras-Chueca Cristina , Marin-Puyalto Jorge , Matute-Llorente Angel , Vicente-Rodriguez German , Casajus Jose Antonio , Gonzalez-Aguero Alex
Published: August 2021

Background

Childhood obesity is one of the most important public health problems. Active video games (AVGs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to increase energy expenditure and are being investigated to determine their effectiveness against childhood obesity.

Objective

The aim of this study is to summarize the existing research and draw conclusions about the effects of AVGs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods

The search strategy was applied to PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. To measure the risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, 2 different quality assessment tools were used. In total, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the variables of interest were BMI, body fat percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference, fat-free mass, muscular fitness, and motor competence. A meta-analysis was performed.

Results

Positive effects were found for BMI and body fat percentage, favoring the AVG group compared with a control group with no intervention (mean difference −0.209; 95% CI −0.388 to −0.031 vs mean difference −0.879; 95% CI −1.138 to −0.602). Positive effects seem to be observed for CRF. The effects of AVG interventions on muscular fitness, fat-free mass, waist circumference, and motor competence are unclear.

Conclusions

AVG programs showed positive effects on BMI, body fat percentage, and CRF. AVG could be a good strategy to combat childhood obesity.
How Should Oncologists Choose an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome System for Remote Monitoring of Patients With Cancer?
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Krakowski Ivan
Published: August 2021

Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) systems for symptom monitoring in patients with cancer have shown quality of life and survival benefits in controlled trials. They are beginning to be used in routine oncology practice. Many software developers provide software solutions for clinicians, but how should clinicians decide which system to use? We propose a synthesis of the main questions regarding the effectiveness, safety, and functionality of an ePRO system that a clinician should ask software providers to assist in the selection of a software product in order to obtain the best value tools for their patients and their practice.
Characteristics of Dimensional Psychopathology in Suicidal Patients With Major Psychiatric Disorders and Its Association With the Length of Hospital Stay: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Park Jimyung , Noh Jai Sung , Roh Hyun Woong , Ha Jae Ho , Lee Eun Young , Son Sang Joon , Park Rae Woong
Published: August 2021

Background

Suicide has emerged as a serious concern for public health; however, only few studies have revealed the differences between major psychiatric disorders and suicide. Recent studies have attempted to quantify research domain criteria (RDoC) into numeric scores to systematically use them in computerized methods. The RDoC scores were used to reveal the characteristics of suicide and its association with major psychiatric disorders.

Objective

We intended to investigate the differences in the dimensional psychopathology among hospitalized suicidal patients and the association between the dimensional psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and length of hospital stay.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled hospitalized suicidal patients diagnosed with major psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder) between January 2010 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. The RDoC scores were calculated using the patients’ admission notes. To measure the differences between psychiatric disorder cohorts, analysis of variance and the Cochran Q test were conducted and post hoc analysis for RDoC domains was performed with the independent two-sample t test. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between the RDoC scores and sociodemographic features and comorbidity index. To estimate the association between the RDoC scores and length of hospital stay, multiple logistic regression models were applied to each psychiatric disorder group.

Results

We retrieved 732 admissions for 571 patients (465 with depression, 73 with schizophrenia, and 33 with bipolar disorder). We found significant differences in the dimensional psychopathology according to the psychiatric disorders. The patient group with depression showed the highest negative RDoC domain scores. In the cognitive and social RDoC domains, the groups with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder scored higher than the group with depression. In the arousal RDoC domain, the depression and bipolar disorder groups scored higher than the group with schizophrenia. We identified significant associations between the RDoC scores and length of stay for the depression and bipolar disorder groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of the length of stay were increased because of the higher negative RDoC domain scores in the group with depression (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.006-1.114) and decreased by higher arousal RDoC domain scores in the group with bipolar disorder (OR 0.537, 95% CI 0.285-0.815).

Conclusions

This study showed the association between the dimensional psychopathology of major psychiatric disorders related to suicide and the length of hospital stay and identified differences in the dimensional psychopathology of major psychiatric disorders. This may provide new perspectives for understanding suicidal patients.
The impact of comorbidities on COVID -19 severity and mortality in Egypt (Preprint)
Authors: Elghazaly Shereen , Abu El Sood Hanaa , Samy Sahar , AbdelFatah Mohamad , Hassany Mohamed , Khader Yousef , Afifi Salma , Eid Alaa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Older population and people of any age with underlying certain comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, lung disease, kidney disease, liver disease and cancer are at higher risk of severe disease course and death if they become infected with COVID-19. Identifying risky group and risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality is important for guiding efficient and appropriate prevention and management of patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims at describing demographics and epidemiologic characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Egypt and determine the impact of different comorbidities on patients’ outcomes.

METHODS

Data of all confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to 408 governmental hospitals allover Egypt February-May 2020 were collected retrospectively from the National Egyptian Disease Surveillance System. Cases were confirmed using RT-PCR.

RESULTS

Overall, 28,415 patients (55.0% males, 45.0% females) were identified. Their median age was 44 years. Of those, 743(2.6%) were admitted to ICU, 408(1.4%) required ventilator and 1,045(3.7%) died. Of 21,617(76.1%) patients with completed data, 4,687(21.7%) had comorbidities. Overall, 11.8% had diabetes, 5.3% cardiovascular disease and 4.3% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Those with one comorbidity were more likely to die (OR = 2.83), admitted to ICU (OR = 6.36) and need ventilator (OR = 5.95) compared to patients with no comorbidities. Having multiple comorbidities increased risk of mortality (OR = 3.53), ICU admission (OR = 8.62), and requiring ventilator (OR = 9.06).

CONCLUSIONS

COVID-19 Patients with comorbidities had higher risk of disease severity and mortality. Multiple comorbidities further increase the risk to higher extent. All necessary precautions should be taken for patients with comorbidities to avoid COVID-19 infection to prevent the worst prognosis.
Попытки Кучумовичей и башкир воссоздать Сибирское ханство
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russian Federation), Salmanov Azat S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. As is commonly believed in Russian historiography, the late 16th century witnessed a final collapse of the Siberian Khanate. However, that event was long followed by repeated attempts from ex-owners of Siberian Yurt — the Kuchumovichs (children and grandchildren of the Siberian Khan Kuchum) — to regain their power. In achieving their goal, they relied on Bashkir and Kalmyk leaders. The ideological supporters of Kuchum’s descendants were the Siberian Tatars and Bashkirs, primarily Bashkir Tabyns who also sought a restoration of the Siberian Khanate. But in historical science the question of Bashkirs’ participation in the Kuchumovichs’ cause to regain Siberian Yurt remains unaddressed. Goals. The study aims at examining the 17th century ethnopolitical history of the Trans-Ural Bashkirs through the prism of the movement attended by the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyks and Dzungars who came up with the idea of reviving the Siberian Khanate. Materials and Methods. The work employs materials already introduced into scientific discourse which, however, were not considered through the prism of Bashkirs’ participation in the general movement of nomadic leaders to have struggled for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate. Coupled with the use of historical research methods (historical, comparative and systemic ones), this made it possible to reveal that in the territory of Bashkiria the actions of Bashkir rebels were associated with the policy of the Kuchumovichs and Kalmyk taishas who tried to unite Bashkirs and inhabitants of Western Siberia to withdraw from subordination to the Moscow Government. Thus, the scientific novelty is that the 17th century anti-Russian movement of Bashkirs is being first considered in the context of attempts to restore the Siberian Khanate. Results. Analysis of historical events (departure of Kuchum’s grandson Kuchuk to the Karakalpaks and adoption of Russian citizenship by the Kalmyk ruler Ayuka) shows that the rebellious Bashkirs experienced a collapse of hopes for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate, the latter viewed as an opportunity to gain independence from the Tsardom of Russia. Conclusions. Bashkir uprisings of the mid-to-late 17th century should be considered in line with the political situation that had developed in the southeastern outskirts of Russia due to the joint activities of the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyk and Bashkir leaders.
Мончазинское городище ― многослойный памятник в Южном Предуралье
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russian Federation), Ovsyannikov Vladimir V. , Ruslanov Evgeny V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Starting from the early Iron Age, the high root bank of the Belaya — downstream from its confluence with the Sim River and virtually to the Ufa Peninsula — was serving a natural barrier that separated the local tribes from nomadic populations who would sporadically penetrate into the left-bank flood pastures. It is along this barrier line that a group of sedentary settlements (hillforts of Okhlebinino I, II, Akberdino I-III, Shipovo, Monchazy) was discovered and identified as those of the Kara-Abyz culture. Supposedly, this advance warning system was still functioning in later periods too, i.e. the pre- and Golden Horde eras, and was somewhat related to antiquities of the Chiyalik archaeological culture. Goals. The work aims to introduce into scientific circulation archaeological materials from the Iron Age and the Late Middle Ages obtained as a result of repeated examinations and explorations at the site of Monchazy located 40 km southeast of Ufa in the lower reaches of the Sim River. The article provides data on the cultural layer of the monument, its defensive structures, introduces analogies to the found metal products, and reveals their cultural and historical aspects. Results. The results obtained indicate the site of the monument was used by both the Kara-Abyz population of the Southern Cis-Urals in the early Iron Age and the late medieval ‘Chiyalik’ residents. The paper also notes that this territory (the middle reaches of the Belaya between the mouths of the Bir and Sim rivers) was a transit area for carriers of Kara-Abyz ceramics with sand admixtures, while carriers of the Chialik culture quite often used fortified promontories of earlier eras (fortified settlements of Kara-Abyz, Bazhino, Ufa I, Ufa II). The publication also provides a broad historical cross-section of the eras (early Iron Age and Late Middle Ages) in relation to the territory on the right bank of the Belaya River. The work also provides data on the archaeological environment near the hillfort of Monchazy. The rather extensive archaeological materials make it possible to conclude as to the difference between ceramic traditions among the population of the Kara-Abyz archaeological culture. It is also noted that nomadic groups of Kipchaks that arrived in the territory of the settlement could have been included in the cultural environment by sedentary carriers of Chiyalik ceramics who professed Islam.
Способы репрезентации семантики запрета в тувинском языке
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Oorzhak Baylak Ch.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the linguistic manifestation of prohibition semantics in Tuvan, analyzes the grammatical and lexical means of its expression, determines the semantic differences of the prohibition indicators and their functional/stylistic features. Goals. The paper aims to describe the grammatical and lexical means of expressing the semantics of prohibition in modern Tuvan, to analyze their meanings, pragmatic and stylistic functions. Materials and Methods. The study employs the descriptive method, functional/semantic and communicative/pragmatic approaches. The research material was provided by examples from digital sources of Tuvan-language texts available at: http://www.tuvancorpus.ru/. Results. The research of Tuvan language materials confirms the data from typologically different languages that indicators of the negative imperative are stylistically universal transmitters of the prohibitive meaning. Other means of expressing prohibition — besides the negative form of the future tense –бас — are stylistically marked. When it comes to express a prohibition, intonation holds an important place since it interacts with the former’s formal indicators proper, context and communicative situation. The paper identifies several types of prohibition (the prohibitive) that have received grammatical and lexical expressions in the Tuvan language — the regulative, preventive, constative, and corrective. Semantically, a comparatively wider range of prohibition values is possessed by the analytical form Tv-п болбас ― a special grammatical indicator of prohibition expressing the regulative, preventive, and constative. For other grammatical means within this system of indicative indicators, transfer of prohibition values is not a key function of theirs. This is the case of the future negative -бас (regulative, preventive) and the past -ды. The latter conveys a value of the admonitive. The system of lexical and grammatical means of expressing prohibition is distinguished by the lexemes хоржок (preventive), болзун, адыр (corrective) that have no certain part of speech status within the modern language. The prohibition lexeme болзун is a grammaticalization of the verb бол- in the meaning ‘to finish’ for the third imperative. There are two verbs бол- and сокса- that implicitly express prohibition/correction. The considered lexico-grammatical and lexical means of prohibition belong to the colloquial style. The formal style employs a number of special lexemes with the meaning of the regulative formed from the stem хору-. This word-formation nest includes verbs, adjectives, adverbs. The results of the study in the functional/semantic field of prohibition in the Tuvan language shall be demanded in further research on modality in the Turkic and other languages.
Персонажная система и мотивная структура повести Г. Башкуева «Убить время»
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Khandarova Olga V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Gennady Bashkuev’s works attempt to comprehend the late Soviet and post-Soviet eras, and To Kill Time proves a most significant prose work of the writer. Goals. The article seeks to identify and analyze the relationship between the system of characters in the novel and its motif structure, which helps clarify the underlying idea of the work, eclectic in structure and close in form to a short story cycle. Methods. The study rests on the theses about a relationship between semantics of motif and character, predicativity of motif, and on the concept of motif complexes and leitmotif construction of the narrative. Results. The main character of the novel is the narrator, the narrative proper divided into childhood memories and those of recent past. The characters of childhood can be clustered into three groups: family, friends, adults —motifs of happiness, celebration, romantic dreams and that of loss are associated with them. The characters of adulthood are women and childhood friends who are associated with motifs of marginal life, betrayal, guilt, and that of romance. The motifs of ‘childhood’ and ‘adulthood’ memories are intertwined, and it is the motif structure that ensures the integrity of the narrative. The key role in the novel is played by the binary image — the saleswoman Inga and the city madwoman — that combines two main themes for the narrator’s self-reflection: childhood and women. The plot structure partly fits into the universal mythological scheme: a series of trials — sketches-events from the life of the autobiographical narrator — is built into somewhat a ‘mythological journey’ to finally end with the acquisition of ‘elixir’ — catharsis and spiritual liberation. Conclusions. The image of the protagonist, the narrator, is explicated in the text and is revealed in the system of motifs associated with characters of his memories. Analysis of the character system proves instrumental in revealing key ideas of the novel and interpreting its title: those are reflections about time that become a focus of the author’s viewpoint uniting the seemingly disparate stories.
Зоопоэтика текста в калмыцкой басне ХХ в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Khaninova Rimma M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In the genre system of Kalmyk poetry, the literary fable appeared in the 1930s. When it came to master the genre, Kalmyk poets mainly focused on the traditions of Russian fable of the 19th–20th centuries, primarily on I. A. Krylov’s works which they eagerly translated. The Kalmyk authors were the least likely to rely on traditions of Eastern literature — whether Indian, Tibetan, or Oirat Mongolian — since those sources written in Tibetan, Classical Mongolian and Clear Script (Kalm. todo bichiq) were virtually unavailable to them, and not all poets had knowledge of the scripts. National folklore, including myths, animal tales, household tales, aphoristic poetry (proverbs, sayings, riddles), to a certain extent contributed to the creation of plots and motifs, a gallery of images ― people and the animal world ― in the Kalmyk literary fable. The appeal to the fable was determined by the tasks of cultural construction in Kalmykia, the satirical possibilities of the genre designed to scourge social vices and human shortcomings, contribute to the correction of morals, facilitate education of a person in the new society. Attention to the fable in 20th-century Kalmyk poetry was not that universal and constant, by the end of the century it was no longer in demand and never revived further. The Kalmyk literary fable has been little studied so far, with the exception of several recent articles by R. M. Khaninova, which determines the relevance of this study. Goals. The article aims to study zoopoetics of text of the animalistic fable in Kalmyk poetry of the past century through examples of selected works by Khasyr Syan-Belgin, Muutl Erdniev, Garya Shalburov, Basang Dordzhiev, Timofey Bembeev, and Mikhail Khoninov. Methods. The work employs a number of research methods, such as the historical literary, comparative, and descriptive ones. Results. The animalistic fable is not the leading one in the general genre system of Kalmyk poetry of the past century, including among fables with human characters. It usually includes characters of the steppe fauna whose figurative characteristics are manifested in Kalmyk folklore. The social satire and political orientation of the fables are actualized by modern reality, actual international situation and events. The paper reveals a relationship between the animal fable and — Kalmyk folklore and the Russian fable tradition. Most of the fables have not yet been translated into Russian. Conclusions. In terms of national versification patterns, the study of the Kalmyk poetic animal fable has identified such synthetic forms as fable-fairy tale, fable-proverb, and fable-dream. The genre definition is not always specified by the authors, a moral usually concludes each quatrain-structured narrative. Genre scenes, monologues, and dialogues contribute to an in-depth reading of the context, symbolism of images, and semantic code.
Bioencapsulado de Fischerella sp.: crecimiento, metabolismo y concentración del inóculo
Authors: Alonso-Santos Esmeralda , Trujillo-Tapia Ma. Nieves , Cervantes-Hernández Pedro , Ramírez-Fuentes Eustacio
Published: August 2021

La inmovilización de microorganismos y su aprovechamiento en la agricultura como biofertilizantes o para biocontrol, es un tópico en desarrollo, y también un aspecto importante a considerar en la concentración es el inóculo para bioencapsularlos sin afectar el crecimiento y producción de sus metabolitos. Las células de Fischerella sp. fueron encapsuladas con alginato de calcio empleando diferentes porcentajes de inóculo (1, 5, 10 y 20%), determinando el peso seco (PS), concentración del NH4+ y ficobiliproteínas en la biomasa. El crecimiento y metabolismo de Fischerella sp. fue mayor en el bioencapsulado vs células libres, al incrementarse 2.8 veces más el valor del PS y el NH4+ del género en estudio. En la concentración del inóculo (20%) el valor del PS fue de 0.032 µg mL-1, y estadísticamente presentó diferencias significativas. A diferencia de las células libres, el bioencapsulado protege a las células del estrés biótico y abiótico, manteniendo la actividad metabólica y viabilidad por periodos de tiempo más largos. El bioencapsulado de Fischerella sp. para la producción de NH4+ y su uso como biofertilizante en la agricultura, es una alternativa vs el uso de fertilizantes químicos.
Production of equine sera as a potential immunotherapy against COVID-19
Authors: Cepeda Mariana V , Jiménez Juan C. , Pujol Flor H. , Rangel Héctor R. , Bello Carlos , Cubillan José , Serrano María L. , Chacón Tony , Saba Antonietta , López Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Acosta Alexis
Published: August 2021

Emerging viruses such as the COVID-19-inducing virus, SARSCoV- 2, represent a threat to human health, unless effective vaccines, drugs or alternative treatments, such as passive immunization, become accessible. Animal-derived immunoglobulins, such as equine immunoglobulins might be useful as immunoprophylaxis or immunotherapy against this viral disease. Therapeutic antibodies (Abs) for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from hyperimmune equine plasma using the Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) as an immunogen. The presence of anti-RBD antibodies was evaluated by ELISA and the titres of neutralizing antibodies were determined in viral cell culture. Immunized horses generated high-titre of anti-RBD antibodies with antiviral neutralizing activity on Vero-E6 cells of 1/1,000. To minimize potential adverse effects, the immunoglobulins were digested with pepsin, and purified to obtain the F(ab’)2 fragments with the protocol standardized by Biotecfar C.A for the production of snake antivenom. Pre-immune serum displayed an unexpected anti-RBD reactivity by ELISA (titre up to 1/900) and Western Blot, but no angioneutralizing activity. Modelling of the RBD of equine coronavirus showed that some of the known epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 RBD were structurally conserved in the equine coronavirus protein. This might suggest that some of the reactivity observed in the pre-immune serum to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD might be due to a previous exposure to equine coronavirus.
Importance of mutations in amino acid 484 of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: rapid detection by restriction enzyme analysis
Authors: Jaspe Rossana C , Sulbarn Yoneira , Loureiro Carmen L , D´Angelo Pierina , Rodríguez Lieska , Garzaro Domingo J , Rangel Héctor R , Pujol Flor H
Published: August 2021

Variants of Concern of SARS-CoV-2 (VOCs), the new coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, have emerged in several countries. Mutations in the amino acid 484 of the Spike protein are particularly important and associated with some of these variants: E484K or E484Q. These mutations have been associated with evasion to neutralizing antibodies. Restriction enzyme analysis is proposed as a rapid method to detect these mutations. A search on GISAID was performed in April 2021 to detect the frequency of these two mutations in the sequence available and their association with other lineages. E484K, present in some VOCs, has emerged in several other lineages and is frequently found in recent viral isolates. A small amplicon from the Spike gene was digested with two enzymes: HpyAV, and MseI. The use of these two enzymes allows the detection of mutations at position 484, and to differentiate between these three conditions: non-mutated, and the presence of E484K or E484Q. A 100% correlation was observed with sequencing results. The proposed methodology, which allows for the screening of a great number of samples, will probably help to provide more information on the prevalence and epidemiology of these mutations worldwide, to select the candidates for whole-genome sequencing.
Tetraciclinas: ¿Antibióticos de uso potencial en la COVID-19?
Authors: Mosquera-Sulbarán Jesús , Pedreañez Adriana , Callejas Diana , Carrero Yenddy
Published: August 2021

Las tetraciclinas se han utilizado para tratar muchas infecciones bacterianas. El uso de estos antibióticos para el tratamiento de enfermedades virales se remonta a las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Estudios posteriores han demostrado la eficacia de las tetraciclinas como fármaco antiviral en modelos experimentales y estudios in vitro. Las tetraciclinas pueden actuar sobre las infecciones virales por diversos mecanismos, en los que se incluyen: capacidad de inhibir las metaloproteinasas, efectos antinflamatorios, inhibición de la vía NF-kB, efecto anti-apoptótico y antioxidante, inhibición de síntesis de proteínas, inhibición de proteínas estructurales, de proteasas y ARN virales, entre otras propiedades. De esta manera, las tetraciclinas representan un potencial fármaco contra la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. A pesar del potencial de las tetraciclinas como fármacos antivirales, se requieren más estudios clínicos. Es importante desarrollar tratamientos antivirales para el COVID-19, que puedan administrarse en una fase temprana de la infección, con el fin de evitar el daño orgánico causado por el virus y permitir que el paciente produzca una fuerte respuesta inmunitaria. Esta revisión se centra en los datos clínicos y experimentales que apoyan el uso de tetraciclina en el tratamiento de las infecciones virales y destaca un enfoque importante para frenar la progresión de la enfermedad durante la infección viral. El tratamiento con tetraciclina podría representar una estrategia para eliminar la infección o inhibir la progresión de la COVID-19.
Soil Stabilization using Agricultural Waste
Authors: S. G Jadhav
Published: August 2021

The stability and strength of structure depends on Construction design and also on the strength of subgrade soil on which the structure is being erected. Soil should poses adequate strength and stability for a safe and economic Construction work. Construction work on Expansive soils poses a problem for Civil Engineers as such soil shows swelling and shrinking when exposed to changes in the moisture content, thus methods of Soil Stabilization can be adopted. This paper examined the Effects of Agricultural Waste such as Sugarcane Straw Ash (SCSA) and Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) as Stabilizer Material for Economic and Environmental Friendly way of Soil Stabilization. The Geotechnical lab tests carried out were Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Plasticity Index Water Content, Specific Gravity Test and Standard Proctor Test on soil. Engineering tests like California Bearing Ration (CBR) (unsoaked) was performed with percentage of 8% with and without Stabilizer Material. The results showed significant improvement in CBR with addition of stabilizers. The research concludes Sugarcane Straw Ash (SCSA) and Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) are very effective source of soil stabilization.
Alternate Energy Sources for a Community Health Center in Punjab: A Step towards Self Reliant Energy
Authors: Padder Zahid Nazir
Published: August 2021

India’s health sector is vast and it is present on every corner of the country. Rural India’s health infrastructure majorly rely on Government Sponsored Health and Well being centers. Most of the medical diagnosis equipment are sophisticated in nature and requires high quality of electricity. But these center often experience power outage and poor quality of power, which creates a challenges for diagnosis and treatment of patients On the other hand these areas received good amount of sun shine and these challenges can be eliminate by putting Solar PV with adequate storage battery. The present study aims to find out the feasibility of such scheme with its optimal size.
Cyber Security: Cyber Fraud on Carding: A Review
Authors: Pandey Arpit
Published: August 2021

This chapter provides one person case study of Mr. Dan DeFilippi who was arrested for master card fraud by the US u. s. SS in December 2004. The episode delves into the psychology of a cybercriminal and also the inside workings of master card fraud. A background context of master card fraud is presented to border the first interview. Slightly on the identification of issues and controversies with reference to carding is then given. Finally, the convicted cybercriminal turned key informant makes advice on how to reduce the growing prevalence of cybercrime. A giant finding is that master card fraud is simply too easy to enact and merchants have to conduct better staff training to catch fraudsters early. With increases in global online acquiring, international carding networks are proliferating, making it hard for enforcement agencies to be “policing” illegal transactions. Big data could have a task to play in analyzing behaviors that expose cybercrime.
A 3-Stage Method for Disease Detection of Cotton Plant Leaf using Deep Learning CNN Algorithm
Authors: Ramacharan Dr. S.
Published: August 2021

Agriculture is one of the significant occupation in various countries including India. As major part of the Indian financial system is reliant on agriculture production, the intense consideration to the concern of food production is essential. The nomenclature and recognition of crop infection got much significance in technical as well as economic in the Agricultural Industry. While keeping track of diseases in plants with the support of experts can be very expensive in agriculture region. There is a necessity for a method or system which can automatically identify the diseases as it can bring revolution in monitoring enormous fields of crop and then plant leaflet can be taken ca The detection of cotton leaf disease is a very important factor to prevent serious outbreak.re imme4diately after recognition of disease. The aim of this paper is to provide guidelines for the development of application which recognizes cotton plant leaf diseases. For availing this user need to upload the image of the cotton leaf and then with the help of image processing one can get a digitized colour image of a diseased leaf which can be further processed by applying CNN algorithm to predict the actual root cause for the cotton leaf disease.
Breast Cancer Detection using Histopathology Images and its Implementation through Chatbot and Drawing Comparison between Different Algorithm and Libraries
Authors: Rastogi Aashika
Published: August 2021

From the past few decades there is a solid increase in the frequency of cancer cases worldwide thus detection and identification at early stage is very crucial and is becoming more difficult with each passing day moreover there is scope of human error which makes it even more critical and tedious task. Thus, using Machine learning for cancer detection makes it task faster, accurate and effective. Through our project we wish to draw an analysis among various algorithm and libraries that have been used to detect cancer moreover we have implemented the same through Densenet201 which is a 201-layer deep neural network and have proved itself most accurate and precise method for cancer detection (breast cancer detection) also its implementation using chatbot would allow it to integrate with other apps, software, websites effortlessly.This could in turn increase user interaction with the chatbot thereby spreading more awareness and knowledge about the disease because not many people know about the disease and its early detection and could help bust myths and facts about disease. Our research also indicates that 96.4% people knew about the disease and 3.6% people were not aware about the disease moreover only 17.2% people were aware about males developing the disease and 37.9% people were aware about LGBTQ+ community developing disease. Also 62.1%-89.7% people were aware about the early signs. In addition to it 86.2% people knew about only one method of self examination and 72.4% people wanted to know more about the disease and get an accurate cure for it .
Experience in the classification of innovative construction technologies in digital format
Authors: Dmitriev Alexander , Mustafin Ildar
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the problem of the digital revolution, which in recent decades has led to the rapid pace of innovation not only in the global industrial sector, but also in science, medicine, education and other areas of human activity, providing them with a significant increase in productivity, profitability, labor productivity, and safety for the environment. However, this has hardly affected the construction industry, which has not undergone significant changes over the past 50 years. This article reveals the content of the main reason for the extremely slow pace of innovative processes in construction, due to its global scale and decentralized nature. The construction industry accounts for approximately 6 % of global GDP (and for developing countries it reaches 8 % of GDP) and continues to grow. Special attention is paid to the fact that construction is the largest consumer of resources, which annually uses about 50 % of the total volume of steel produced and more than 3 billion tons of raw materials. Therefore, any innovation that leads, for example, to increased productivity in construction, on a global scale could save $100 billion a year. Also, this paper shows the factors that make construction a difficult business, which is not amenable to the necessary transformations. The article presents the basic principles of building an automated information support system.
Contribution of the hybrid component to the structure and properties of ceramics based on metastable phases Al2O3
Authors: Maletsky A. V. , Konstantinova T. E. , Belichko D. R. , Volkova G. K. , Burkhovetsky V. V.
Published: August 2021

The paper presents results of the study of the effect of doping with yttrium oxide on ceramics of the composition (γ + θ) Al2O3 + nY2O3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%), sintered at 1550°C for 2 h, from powders of the specified composition annealed at temperatures of 500 , 800, 1000°С. X-ray diffraction analysis established the formation in ceramics of yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and a metastable phase of the same composition with a tetragonal lattice type in powders at temperatures above 1200°C. The effect of YAG on the physical and mechanical properties was established: high properties were demonstrated by ceramics of the composition α-Al2O3 + 2wt% Y2O3, obtained from a powder annealed at 1000°C. In addition, high physical and mechanical properties were observed in ceramics of the composition α-Al2O3 + 0wt% Y2O3, obtained from a powder annealed at 800°C. The effect of the so-called “mutual protection against crystallization” was discovered, which consists in the mutual inhibition of crystallization processes in powders of the Al2O3 – Y2O3 system.
Thermal diffusion chromium plating of structural carbon steel 20 by high frequency currents
Authors: Kitaev N. I. , Yakimovich Yu. V. , Shigaev M. Yu. , Pichkhidze S. Ya.
Published: August 2021

To increase the service life of the gear teeth made of steel 20, operating under high shock loads, their main surfaces were subjected to high-temperature diffusion metallization, namely, chromium plating with high-frequency currents. As a result of diffusion metallization, the surface hardness increased 5.1–5.4 times – from 156–159 HV to 800–866 HV, and the strength level 3.3 times – from 250 to 820 mAh. Optimal parameters for the diffusion metallization: current I = 0.25–0.3 kA, power Pe = 8–10 kW, hardening τ = 8–10 min. By the method of scanning electron microscopy, it was found that after diffusion saturation of the surface of the gear teeth with chromium, the steel has a homogeneous structure with clearly pronounced transition layers, the average thickness of the diffusion layer was 0.06 mm. Energy dispersive analysis showed that after diffusion metallization with chromium powder, the basic composition of the steel remained constant, only the qualitative ratio of the components changed. X-ray phase analysis revealed the presence of an αFe-phase with the incorporation of Cr on the surface of the sample.
Production of single-crystal seeds [001] from nickeltungsten alloys by directional crystallization
Authors: Toloraya V. N. , Ostroukhova G. A.
Published: August 2021

The problem of obtaining priming materials from Ni-W alloys arose in connection with the development of technology for casting single-crystal turbine blades of gas turbine engines (GTE) from hightemperature alloys. This technology uses a seed method for producing single-crystal castings with a crystallographic orientation [001] using seedings from alloys of the Ni-W system with a melting point 120–140°C higher than the casting alloy. The use of such primers greatly simplifies the casting process of turbine blades with a single-crystal structure, increases its reliability both in pass-through furnaces of the PMP-2 type and in high-gradient furnaces of the UVNK-9A type. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of temperature-velocity parameters of directional crystallization, namely, the temperature gradient GZ on the structure of the obtained single-crystal seed blanks, as well as the study of effects of tungsten and carbon on the structure of single-crystal seed blanks, and makes recommendations for optimizing the technological process of single-crystal casting of Ni–W seed blanks adjusting the alloy composition for the seed blanks.
Research of the process of synthesis and properties of the obtained metal-matrix composite powders of the Ti/tib2 system
Authors: Goshkoderya M. E. , Bobkova T. I. , Staritsyn M. V.
Published: August 2021

The paper proposes a method for preparing composite powders of the Ti/TiB2 system, studies the properties of the obtained composite powders, and also shows a series of experiments on its microplasma spraying. The properties of the sprayed coatings were investigated. On its basis the optimal ratio of the matrix and reinforcing components was established in order to increase significantly the hardness of the sprayed coatings.
Development of the technology of microplasma spraying of functional coatings of the nickel – aluminum system for the creation of catalytically active compositions
Authors: Yakovleva N. V. , Farmakovsky B. V. , Bystrov R. Yu. , Yurkov M. A.
Published: August 2021

The results of comprehensive studies on the development of an innovative technology for microplasma spraying of catalytically active systems based on nickel –aluminum intermetallic compositions are presented. A batch of high-capacity chemical current sources based on these compositions with a mass energy level of up to 250 Wt h / kg has been manufactured and tested.
OS PRINCÍPIOS DA CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA E DA PROGRESSIVIDADE COMO CRITÉRIO PARA UMA TRIBUTAÇÃO JUSTA
Authors: Kuntz Tatiele Gisch
Published: August 2021

Sendo a atividade tributária a principal fonte de arrecadação do Estado, essa deve estar alicerçada em princípios e critérios justos, de modo que nem o contribuinte seja excessivamente onerado, tão pouco o Estado deixe de se ter recursos para cumprir com suas finalidades constitucionais. Nessa perspectiva, considerou-se oportuna a elaboração de um breve estudo, com o objetivo de verificar se e, em caso positivo, como os princípios da capacidade contributiva e da progressividade podem se constituir num forte critério para uma tributação justa. Para isso, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa do tema. Concluiu-se que a tributação fundada em princípios próprios de uma carga tributária justa pode ser um importante instrumento na busca de uma efetiva justiça fiscal e, consequentemente, na concretização dos objetivos do próprio Estado Democrático de Direito.
A PERFORMANCE DA PEQUENA PROPRIEDADE RURAL NO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Turra Fernanda , Lumbieri Leandro , Craco Tania , Biegelmeyer Uiliam Hahn , Camargo Maria Emilia
Published: August 2021

O agronegócio é um dos principais setores da economia nacional e dentro dele destaca-se a agricultura familiar. Em vista disso, optou-se por fazer um estudo de caso em uma propriedade agrícola familiar. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar se a pequena propriedade rural foi rentável quando comparada com outros investimentos oferecidos pelo mercado financeiro nesse período. Para poder atingir este objetivo, utilizou-se conceitos de contabilidade e sua aplicabilidade na agricultura familiar e o agronegócio no Brasil e as opções de investimento oferecidas pelo mercado financeiro. Foi utilizada como unidade de pesquisa, uma pequena propriedade rural. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que a propriedade é rentável quando comparada com todas as demais opções do mercado financeiro pesquisadas no período da amostra; e um índice de capital de terceiros sobre o ativo total que sugere baixo problema de liquidez.