bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical Processes to Reduce Friction and Wear Under Selective Transfer Conditions
Authors: Ilie Filip , Cotici Constantin-Daniel , Juganaru Alina
Published: December 2024

A selective transfer is realized safely, if the materials pair and the lubricant are adequate, in the presence of a relative movement and energy favoring the transfer. The paper highlights the mechanism of achieving selective transfer phenomenon and analyze the physiochemical aspects which take place in a suitable lubricated friction pair (here bronze/steel lubricated with glycerin), that favoring friction by redicing friction force and implicitly wear, under the conditions of selective transfer. Also, the paper seeks to highlight the effect that the servowitte layer (film) has that appears on the friction pair surfaces following the selective dissolution of the superficial layer in the contact area on the factors that influence the friction and wear process, through the implications brought to the coefficient of friction and obviously of wear.
Reliability and Validity Measures of the Patellofemoral Subscale Koos-Pf in the Greek Patients with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Moros Ioannis , Boutsikari Eleni C. , Plakoutsis George , Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Koumantakis George Α. , Papandreou Maria
Published: December 2024

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common multifactorial musculoskeletal pathologies affecting the knee joint. The prevalence of PFP in the general population ranges from 11% to 17%, with higher rates observed in specific groups such as females, runners, military personnel, and young athletes. To assess symptoms associated with PFP, the Patellofemoral subscale (KOOS-PF) was developed, consisting of 11 questions that evaluate pain, stiffness, and quality of life. The KOOS-PF scale has already been validated and shown to be reliable in both Spanish and Arabic. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the KOOS-PF scale in the Greek language among the Greek population with Patellofemoral pain. Methods: Fifty-five participants aged 18-65 years who suffered from PFP were evaluated in two phases on the 1st and 3rd days regarding the reliability and validity of the measures of KOOS-PF in the Greek language. Construct validity was assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey scale - Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS). Reliability was measured through Repeated measurements (test-retest) using intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC), standard error (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDD. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s coefficient a. The significance level was set at 5% (α=0.05). Results: The KOOS-PF measures showed high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.87, p=0.05) and high test-retest reliability (ICC=0.95, p=0.05, SEM= 3.7, SDC=13.57). Additionally, the Greek version of the KOOS-PF exhibited high construct validity when correlated with the KOS-ADLS scale (r=0.72, p=0.001). Conclusions: The KOOS-PF scale was displayed high reliability and construct validity for measuring Patellofemoral pain in the Greek population.
SARS-CoV-2 FP1 Destabilizes Lipid Membranes and Facilitates Pore Formation
Authors: Sumarokova Maria , Pavlov Rais , Lavushchenko Tatiana , Vasilenko Egor , Kozhemyakin Grigory , Fedorov Oleg , Molotkovsky Rodion , Bashkirov Pavel
Published: December 2024

SARS-CoV-2 viral entry requires membrane fusion, facilitated by fusion peptides within its spike protein. While these predominantly hydrophobic peptides insert into target membranes, their precise mechanistic role in membrane fusion remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how FP1, the N-terminal fusion peptide sequence, modulates membrane stability and barrier function across various model membrane systems. Through a complementary suite of biophysical techniques—including electrophysiology, fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy—we demonstrate that FP1 significantly promotes pore formation and alters membrane mechanical properties. Our findings reveal that FP1 reduces the energy barrier for membrane defect formation and stimulates the appearance of stable conducting pores, with effects modulated by membrane composition and mechanical stress. The observed membrane-destabilizing activity suggests that beyond its anchoring function, FP1 may facilitate viral fusion by locally disrupting membrane integrity. These results provide mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion mechanisms and highlight the complex interplay between fusion peptides and target membranes during viral entry.
AI-Driven Mental Health Surveillance: Identifying Suicidal Ideation Through Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Allam Hesham , Lazeros Edward , Hua David , Kalota Faisal , Davison Chris
Published: December 2024

As global suicide rates continue to rise, the demand for innovative, data-driven solutions in mental health surveillance has never been more urgent. This study harnesses the power of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques to detect suicidal ideation from Twitter data, presenting a groundbreaking approach to suicide prevention. A robust, real-time predictive model was developed to process vast volumes of social media posts, integrating natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis to identify textual and emotional cues indicative of distress. This approach enables precise detection of potential suicide risks while significantly minimizing false positives, paving the way for more accurate and effective mental health interventions. The study's findings highlight the transformative potential of machine learning in suicide prevention. By uncovering behavioral patterns and context-specific triggers such as social isolation and bullying, it establishes a benchmark for the application of AI in sensitive, real-time mental health contexts. The proposed framework offers a scalable, high-performance tool for timely, data-driven responses, contributing substantially to global suicide prevention strategies. The model demonstrated exceptional predictive performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 85%, a precision of 88%, and a recall of 83% in detecting "Potential Suicide Posts." High-quality data transformation was ensured through advanced preprocessing techniques, including tokenization, stemming, and feature extraction using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Count Vectorization. A Random Forest Classifier, chosen for its robustness in handling high-dimensional data, effectively captured linguistic and emotional patterns associated with suicidal ideation. The model’s reliability was further validated with an impressive Precision-Recall AUC score of 0.93, solidifying its efficacy as a powerful tool for real-time mental health surveillance and intervention.
Rational Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Heterocyclic Gamma-Butyrobetaines as Potential Carnitine Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
Authors: Stoyanova Savina , Bogdanov Milen G.
Published: December 2024

This study examined heterocyclic gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) analogs as metabolic modulators through rational design, docking, synthesis, and in vitro analyses. The compounds inhibited carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and possibly other enzymes in the carnitine transferase family, showing inhibitory potential in the low millimolar range (IC50 = 2.24–43.6 mM), with some more active than the well-known drug Meldonium (IC50 = 11.39 mM). Key findings include that bulky and hydrophobic substituent at the gamma-position enhances inhibition, while esterification and increased polarity reduce it. The most active compound was identified as a reversible competitive inhibitor of CAT, with a Ki value of 3.5 mM, similar to Meldonium’s Ki of 1.63 mM. These results indicate that heterocyclic GBB analogs are potential candidates for regulating metabolic processes and for treating conditions such as ischemic diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Optimizing Transformation for Transient Expression of Exogenous Genes in Areca Palm via Microparticle Bombardment
Authors: Tan Han , Zhao Ruibai , Zhang Haiyue , Zhai Jinling , Huang Xi
Published: December 2024

Areca palm (Areca catechu L.) is an economically significant crop in Southeast Asia. Yellow leaf disease (YLD) severely threatens its cultivation due to lacking resistant cultivars. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been proven to face significant challenges in areca palm. This study aimed to achieve transient expression of exogenous genes and establish VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) in areca palm. Parameters such as DNA loading ratio (DLR), helium pressure, and bombardment distance were first optimized with vectors expressing reporter genes. The highest DNA loading efficiency was achieved with a DNA concentration of 50 ng/μL, spermine at 0.016 μmol/L, and CaCl₂ at 1 mol/L. Optimal transformation conditions were identified as a helium pressure of 870 psi and a bombardment distance of 1 cm. Under these conditions, exogenous genes, including GUS (β-glucuronidase, 2023 bp) and RUBY (betalain synthesis gene, 3951 bp), were successfully expressed transiently in areca palm leaves. Additionally, a GFP-labeled infectious clone for a mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm-GFP) was constructed and successfully transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana. Although the transformation of ANSSVm-GFP in areca palm has not achieved, this study establishes a reliable method for foreign gene expression, laying the groundwork for the development of a VIGS system in areca palm. This has significant implications for gene characterization and breeding disease-resistant areca palm varieties.
Close to the Comfort Zone: Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Implementing Leisure Activities in Dementia and Eldercare
Authors: Atefi Golnaz L. , Christie Hannah L. , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Craven Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives on implementing non-digital leisure activities to promote social interaction in dementia and eldercare settings. Methods: A secondary analysis of online semi-structured interviews was conducted, focusing on nine stakeholders with expertise in dementia and eldercare. The data collected was analysed using inductive qualitative thematic analysis to identify key themes and insights. Results: Three key themes emerged, emphasizing inclusivity, usability, and context. Stakeholders highlighted the importance of tailored activities, ease of use, and privacy. Challenges included resource allocation and availability. Findings underscore the significance of supporting innovations in both digital and non-digital leisure activities within dementia and eldercare settings. Clinicians and policymakers should consider integrating inclusive activities into care plans to enhance social interaction for older adults. Future research should focus on identifying optimal levels of engagement and evaluating the effectiveness of leisure activities in promoting well-being among older adults in diverse settings. Conclusion: Despite current limitations, stakeholders affirmed the value of non-digital leisure activities, such as board games, for enhancing social interaction and well-being in dementia and eldercare settings. Integrating non-digital and digital activities was seen as promising for meeting diverse needs.
Clinical Electrophysiology and Mathematical Modeling for Precision Diagnosis of Infertility
Authors: Cavalari Fernanda Carvalho , Sulis Paola Miranda , Zaniboni Bruna Antunes , Royer Carine , Taques Bárbara Ogliari Martins , Cesca Karina , Aragón Diana Marcela , Silva Fátima Regina Mena Barreto
Published: December 2024

How can cellular electrophysiology measurements and mathematical modeling of ionic channels help to identify pivotal targets in disease-related cell signaling? The purpose of this review is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using both of these complementary techniques to determine molecular targets that may be structurally or functionally altered in a specific disease. In addition, both electrophysiology measurements and mathematical modeling may improve co-ordinated drug development, accelerate the prediction of new drugs and facilitate repositioning of pharmacological agents. This review focuses on the data obtained from electrophysiology and mathematical model approaches, including intracellular recording, cellular patch-clamp meas-urements and the Hodgkin and Huxley equation, as key precision methodologies. To this end, seminiferous tubules, the Sertoli cell line (TM4) and/or primary cultures of Sertoli cells were used to explore the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid hormones, retinol, testosterone and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in the coordinated activation or inhibition of ionic channels essential for male fertility. Based on the discussed data, Sertoli cells precisely regulate their biological ac-tivity by coordinating channel activity according to the hormonal environment and the nutrition-al requirements required for germ cell development.
The Use of Hydroxynitrile Lyases (HNLs) for Stereospecific Synthesis of Esters, Alcohols, and Acids
Authors: Hussain Zahid
Published: December 2024

Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are specialized biocatalysts that facilitate the synthesis and cleavage of cyanohydrins, a class of compounds critical for the production of enantiomerically pure esters, alcohols, and acids. The stereospecificity offered by HNL enzymes makes them invaluable for the creation of chiral compounds, which are essential in industries such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. By leveraging HNLs, manufacturers can achieve high enantioselectivity under environmentally friendly conditions, reducing reliance on toxic reagents and minimizing energy consumption compared to traditional chemical synthesis (Effenberger, 1998; Gruber et al., 2004). This white paper underscores the pivotal role of HNL enzymes in enabling green chemistry practices, offering an in-depth exploration of their mechanism, applications, and advantages over conventional methods. The paper also highlights emerging innovations in the field, such as protein engineering and synthetic biology, which aim to enhance the efficiency and scalability of HNL-driven processes. From pharmaceutical precursors to agrochemical intermediates, HNL enzymes are poised to revolutionize the production of high-value compounds while addressing the growing demand for sustainable industrial practices. Additionally, the versatility of these enzymes in environmental applications, such as cyanide detoxification, further cements their importance in promoting a circular and sustainable economy (Banerjee et al., 2020).
Boosting Lipofection Efficiency Through Enhanced Membrane Fusion Mechanisms
Authors: Pavlov Rais V. , Akimov Sergey A. , Dashinimaev Erdem Bairovich , Bashkirov Pavel V.
Published: December 2024

Gene transfection is a fundamental technique in the fields of biological research and therapeutic innovation. Due to their biocompatibility and membrane-mimetic properties, lipid vectors serve as essential tools in transfection. The successful delivery of genetic material into the cytoplasm is contingent upon the fusion of the vector and cellular membranes, which enables hydrophilic polynucleic acids to traverse the hydrophobic barriers of two intervening membranes. This review examines the critical role of membrane fusion in lipofection efficiency, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that govern lipoplex-membrane interactions. This analysis will examine the key challenges inherent to the fusion process, from achieving initial membrane proximity to facilitating final content release through membrane remodeling. In contrast to viral vectors, which utilize specialized fusion proteins, lipid vectors necessitate a strategic formulation and environmental optimization to enhance their fusogenicity. This review discusses recent advances in vector design and fusion-promoting strategies, emphasizing their potential to improve gene delivery yield. It highlights the importance of understanding lipoplex-membrane fusion mechanisms for developing next-generation delivery systems and emphasizes the need for continued fundamental research to advance lipid-mediated transfection technology.
Risk Associated with Access to Healthcare is Becoming Greater than Lack of Access to Healthcare
Authors: Kumah Augustine
Published: December 2024

There is an emerging argument that the risks associated with accessing healthcare in specific contexts may now outweigh the risks of having limited or no access to healthcare. This narrative literature review examines the global burden of mortalities due to poor quality care compared to mortalities resulting from lack of access to healthcare, focusing on the period from 2015 to 2024. Data was extracted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Ebscohost. The results indicate that while progress in healthcare access has reduced mortality, the lack of corresponding improvements in care quality has led to a rising number of preventable deaths. The findings reveal a consistent decline in mortality due to lack of access. In contrast, mortality due to poor quality care has increased from 5 million in 2015 to an estimated 6 million by 2024, underscoring the persistent challenges in healthcare delivery, including medical errors, misdiagnoses, and inadequate treatment. The study concludes that addressing the dual challenges of access and quality is essential for reducing global mortality rates and achieving better health outcomes.
A Bibliometric Review of Deep Learning Approaches in Skin Cancer Research
Authors: Supriyanto Catur , Salam Abu , Zeniarja Junta , Utomo Danang Wahyu , Dewi Ika Novita , Paramita Cinantya , Wijaya Adi
Published: December 2024

Early detection of skin cancer is crucial for successful treatment. Various methods have been developed for this purpose, including traditional machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid approaches. This study aims to provide an overview and highlight developments in the use of deep learning for early skin cancer diagnosis. This study searches for publications in the Scopus database from 2019 to 2024. The search string is used to find articles by their abstracts, titles, and keywords. The search string includes several public datasets used for experiments, like HAM and ISIC. This ensures the papers found are relevant. Some filters are applied based on the year, document type, source type, and language. The analysis found 1,697 articles. The most common were journals and conference proceedings. Affiliations are predominantly from the department of dermatology and the faculty of computer science. Beyond the statistical discussions, this paper also highlights the ten most cited references and reviews specific bibliometric studies related to early skin cancer diagnosis. Bibliometric analysis provides a systematic method for identifying relevant research studies. Advanced software like VOSviewer and Bibliometrix help to assist this study. Given the growth in the past five years, interest in deep learning for skin cancer detection should rise.
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Bovine Embryo Culture Media and Their Relationship to the Developmental Potential of In Vitro Produced Embryos
Authors: Tsopp Elina , Kilk Kalle , Gambini Andres , Kavak Ants , Nahkur Esta , Viljaste-Seera Anni , Viinalass Haldja , Jaakma Ülle
Published: December 2024

We recently demonstrated that the metabolome of single embryo culture media is associated with successful pregnancy [13]. In this study, we expanded the analysis to compare the metabolomes of viable and nonviable early-stage embryos, as well as to examine metabolomic markers associated with hatching in viable embryos. We analyzed the metabolic profile of 43 spent bovine embryo culture media samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, covering 189 metabolites, including 40 acylcarnitines, 42 amino acids/biogenic amines, 91 phospholipids, 15 sphingolipids, and the sum of hexoses. The embryos were produced from abattoir-derived oocytes, and the culture media samples were derived from Grade 1 early blastocysts that progressed to hatching (n = 10), non-viable early blastocysts that developed to the blastocyst stage but failed to hatch (n = 12), Grade 1 hatched blastocysts (n = 16), and plain growth media for control (n = 5). We found that methionine sulfoxide (Met-SO) and Lysophosphatidylcholine C24:0 concentrations were significantly lower in the culture media from viable blastocysts compared to those from non-viable blastocysts (p
The Classical Origin of Intrinsic Angular Momentummomentum
Authors: Sanctuary Bryan
Published: December 2024

Using a bivector model of quantum spin, and only Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity, we find the correspondence between the classical and quantum domains. Spinning to relativistic velocities reveals a symmetry break point where classical reflection becomes quantum parity.
Understanding Fire Accidents in Sharjah’s Residential Buildings: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Omar Musab , Mahmoud Abdelgadir
Published: December 2024

Owing to the high rate of fire accidents in residential buildings in the Emirate of Sharjah, accounting for 54% of the total fire accidents, the performance and efficiency of the fire accident prevention systems employed in the Emirate of Sharjah are assessed in this study based on the fire data collected during 2013–2021. The causes of the high rate of fire accidents in the residential buildings are elu-cidated by using the iceberg theory, which is applied to analyze fire accidents based on the geo-graphical area, to identify the critical factors of the fire prevention management system. Moreover, the fire accident investigation performance in eleven civil defence centers in the emirate of Sharjah is monitored to explain the reasons behind the high rate of fire accidents, which will help decrease the number of fire accidents in residential buildings. Finally, civil defence centers inside Sharjah city and other cities in the Emirate of Sharjah are compared.
Diet and seasonal distribution of piranha populations in the São Miguel River, Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Bezerra-Neto Eloi Bispo , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa , Albino Alves Jaine , Hanry Faria Junior Charles
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed the spatial and seasonal distribution of piranha species and their respective diets. Samples were collected monthly from August 2020 to July 2021 using various types of fishing gear in different sections of the river. Limnological data were also analyzed to assess correlations with the distribution of piranha species. A total of 326 fish were identified, encompassing nine species and three genera. The most abundant species were Serrasalmus rhombeus (N = 155), Pygocentrus nattereri (N = 89), and Serrasalmus spilopleura (N = 23), which were found in the headwaters, intermediate section and river mouth, respectively. The stomach contents of 56 piranhas were analyzed and revealed that 55.35% of the stomachs were full and 44.65% were empty. The results indicated that fish remains were the most relevant food items at all the collection points. The results demonstrated spatial effects among the fish communities in the headwaters, intermediate section and river mouth, along with variations in water levels, with differences between high- and low-water periods. The redundancy analysis indicated significant effects for temperature, but not for other water parameters. It can be concluded that the piranha populations of the São Miguel River are distributed according to the water levels and the different sections of the river, though they utilize the same type of food resource.
El papel de las unidades de biogás para ganado y las abejas melíferas como reductores de gases de efecto invernadero
Authors: Junus M.
Published: December 2024

La unidad de biogás (BGU) es una productora de biogás y lodos orgánicos a partir de residuos orgánicos. Todos los productos de BGU son cero desperdicios consumibles, y la salida es lodo orgánico que es útil para ingredientes de alimentos para animales o peces y fertilizantes para plantas. Aunque la combustión de biogás puede aumentar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), su producción de CO2 puede reducirse utilizando la producción de BGU como fertilizante para plantas. Además, aumentará la reproducción de otros organismos que utilizan productos vegetales, incluidas las abejas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la importancia de la producción de BGU y GEI y su reducción en relación con el papel de las abejas. Es bien sabido que la producción de GEI de las BGU es alta. Los GEI se reducen debido a la utilización de productos BGU para fertilizar plantas y apoyar a las abejas. Las abejas pueden utilizar el néctar y el polen de las plantas en un hábitat de bosque virgen salvaje que no ha sido contaminado y sigue siendo natural. Al final, se sabe que las abejas tienen un papel importante en la disminución de la emisión de GEI.
Caulim como marcador externo de excreção fecal de bovinos em pastejo
Authors: Caramalac L.S. , Carvalho T.A. , Bertholine C.R. , Fernandes H.J. , Oliveira L.O.F.
Published: December 2024

O uso de marcadores minimiza a interferência com os padrões de comportamento animal. Porém, encontrar compostos que fazem estimativas com maior precisão é fundamental para a nutrição. No Exp. 1, buscou-se substituir o dióxido de titânio pelo caulim, como marcadores fecais, e utilizou-se o óxido crômico como marcador do consumo de suplemento. Foram realizados três ensaios sequenciais, em cada ensaio utilizou-se quatro garrotes Nelore inteiros, que receberam individualmente 20 g de TiO2 e 80 g de caulim/animal via oral, e 2,0 kg de suplemento contendo 1% de óxido crômico. A fim de verificar a diferença das avaliações nutricionais entre horários distintos de coleta de fezes, foram coletadas fezes em dois horários (08h00min e 16h00min). Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas (P=0,7976) na determinação da excreção fecal quando determinados pelos marcadores externos TiO2 e caulim. Quando foram comparadas as coletas de fezes em diferentes horários, não foi verificado efeito significativo. O caulim foi capaz de estimar a excreção fecal de bovinos de corte a pasto, e o manejo de coleta de fezes realizada uma vez ao dia é suficiente para estimar as avaliações nutricionais. No Exp. 2, avaliou-se a possibilidade de substituir o dióxido de titânio pelo caulim, fornecidos via suplemento, como marcadores de excreção fecal em bovinos de corte a pasto (4 garrotes/estudo). Observou-se que o caulim apresentou maiores valores de excreção fecal (P ≤ 0,0002) ao estimado pelo TiO2 (5,25 e 2,70 kg/dia, respectivamente). O fornecimento via suplemento do marcador externo caulim superestimou excreção fecal em bovinos.
Influencia de la estivación en la expresión de la proteína de choque térmico en los caracoles gigantes africanos terrestres
Authors: Osunkeye O.J. , Ajayi B.A. , Aina O.I. , Tella A. , Akinduro V.O. , Adedire A.O.
Published: December 2024

Existe una escasez de información en la comprensión del mecanismo a través del cual los caracoles africanos gigantes reducen el efecto de las condiciones ambientales adversas durante la estivación. Este estudio se realizó para comparar y evaluar la influencia de la estivación en el nivel de las proteínas de estrés por calor (HSP) 70 y 90, ya que desempeñan un papel importante en mitigar el efecto de la condición estresante impuesta por la estivación en los caracoles africanos gigantes. Se seleccionaron 45 caracoles que comprenden tres especies de caracoles africanos gigantes, Achatina fulica, Achatina achatina y Archachatina marginata. Estos animales experimentales se asignaron a tres períodos de estivación inducida designados como A1 (2 semanas de estivación), A2 (4 semanas de estivación) y A3 (6 semanas de estivación). Al final de cada período de estivación, se seleccionaron al azar tres caracoles de cada especie y se sacrificaron. Este estudio examinó el nivel de expresión de HSP 70 y HSP 90 utilizando Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa en Tiempo Real, en el hepatopáncreas del caracol, albúmen, hemolinfa y en el músculo del pie de cada especie de caracoles africanos gigantes. En conclusión, el nivel de expresión de los genes HSP70 en este estudio fue mayor en el hepatopáncreas, albúmen y hemolinfa de A. achatina y A. marginata en el período de seis semanas de estivación, y la inducción de la expresión, que fue más temprana a las dos semanas en A. achatina. Se observaron resultados similares en los genes HSP90, pero el nivel de expresión fue mayor en A. achatina a las seis semanas, los niveles de los genes HSP90 en los órganos examinados fueron más altos durante la estivación, lo que implica un papel para esta proteína en estabilizar el estado de estivación, excepto en las especies A. achatina y A. fulica con valores extremadamente más bajos.
Early Devonian Slab Melting of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Insights from Adakitic Granitoids in the Jiayuguan Area, Hexi Corridor (NW China)
Authors: Mao Qigui , Xiao Wenjiao , Li Rui , Ao Songjian , Song Dongfang , Sang Miao , Wang Hao , Tan Zhou
Published: December 2024

The tectonics of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Devonian are still heavily debated in the North Qilian orogen. In order to further constrain this issue, we explore geology, chronology, geochemistry, and isotopes of three newly discovered Early Devonian adakitic granitoids of the Jiayuguan complex in the North Qilian orogen, NW China. The granitoids exhibit typical adakitic geochemical signatures with high SiO2 (>56%), Na, Al, and Sr contents, depleted in Yb and Y, and high Sr/Y (82–277) and (La/Yb)N (7.65–15.16) values. Additionally, their high Mg# (62–68) and εHf(t) (+6.5–+11.9) values indicate partial melting of slab genesis. However, they have comparatively low εNd(t) (−2.3–+0.13). Their incompatible Hf and Nd isotopes could be caused by contamination between the source magma and continental crust during the emplacement processes. The three adakitic granitoids yield zircon U–Pb ages of 415–403 Ma, implying that the northern Qilian Ocean was subducting until the Early Devonian (403 Ma) and that young/hot/ridge subduction formed the Jiayuguan adakitic granitoids. Combined with regional data, we propose that the Proto-Tethys Ocean was subducting until 403 Ma in the Qilian area.
Relación entre el estrés laboral y el desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de una constructora Arequipa
Authors:   , Vigil Vega Kevin , Gonzales Cuentas Juan Carlos
Published: December 2024

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el estrés laboral y el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores de una constructora de Arequipa 2023. Métodos. Se realizó un diseño transversal analítico y se evaluó a un total de 170 trabajadores de la empresa constructora. Se midió el estrés laboral y desempeño laboral mediante dos encuestas con escala Likert de siete opciones. Con los resultados obtenidos se calculó la razón de prevalencia mediante un análisis de regresión multivariado. Resultados. Se incluyeron a 170 trabajadores siendo el 85 % menor a 60 años. La prevalencia de buen desempeño laboral fue del 93,4 % en aquellos con estrés laboral bajo y 94,4 % con estrés laboral intermedio/moderado. En el análisis multivariado se obtuvo que la presencia de estrés bajo no influye en desempeño laboral, ni aun siendo ajustado con tiempo de trabajo (RP 0,99; IC 95 %; 0,85 a 1,17; p=0,987). Conclusión. En trabajadores de construcción no hubo relación entre el estrés laboral y el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores de una constructora. Se requieren estudios que incluyan factores protectores como la remuneración, recompensas por buen desempeño y talleres de control del estrés.
Ejecución presupuestal de transferencias financieras del SIS y su relación con la disponibilidad de suministros médicos en establecimientos de tercer nivel del Ministerio de Salud de Lima metropolitana
Authors:   , Gamarra Mariano Fiorella Melissa
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre ejecución presupuestal de transferencias financieras del SIS y disponibilidad de suministros médicos en establecimientos de tercer nivel del Ministerio de Salud de Lima Metropolitana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio analítico y transversal usando los datos obtenidos del portal del SIS y por solicitud bajo la ley de transparencia del Mundo IPRESS. La ejecución presupuestal se describió en forma general y por componentes hasta fase devengado del 2022. La disponibilidad de suministros se calculó como el cociente producto de dividir el stock disponible del medicamento evaluado entre su consumo promedio mensual ajustado; asimismo, estima la correlación de Spearman general y por componentes. Resultados: Se incluyó 20 establecimientos, 8 institutos especializados y 12 hospitales. El 40.0% de establecimientos alcanzaron alta disponibilidad de suministros médicos y solo 70.0%, logró una alta ejecución presupuestal de transferencias financieras SIS. La ejecución presupuestal global no se relacionó con la disponibilidad de suministros médicos (rho=-0,014; p=0.955). La evaluación por componentes, evidenció que la ejecución presupuestaria en medicamentos se relacionó positivamente con la disponibilidad de suministros (rho=0.417; p=0.045), lo cual también fue válido en el análisis segmentado solo para hospitales (rho: 0.594; p=0.032). Si bien la ejecución presupuestal en materiales e insumos segmentada para hospitales se relacionó con la disponibilidad de suministros, dicha relación fue inversa (rho=-0.552; p=0.043). Conclusión: La ejecución presupuestal general de transferencias financieras del SIS no se relacionó con la disponibilidad de suministros médicos, pero sí el componente gasto en medicamentos. En el análisis segmentado para hospitales, la ejecución del presupuestaria en medicamentos se relacionó positivamente con la disponibilidad; mientas que el gasto en materiales e insumos lo hizo negativamente. Se requiere mayor investigación para discernir otros factores que puedan explicar la disponibilidad de medicamentos en los establecimientos de salud
Seria a Linguística popular não hegemônica?
Authors: Gonçalves Marcelo Rocha Barros , Baronas Roberto
Published: December 2024

Neste ensaio, intentamos refletir sobre a Linguística popular como uma prática de pesquisa no âmbito da linguagem, que se inscreve no conjunto de práticas contra hegemônicas, especificamente, no que concerne às ciências da linguagem, praticadas no contexto brasileiro. Os dados analisados são produzidos por linguistas populares e dizem metalinguisticamente sobre o acontecimento discursivo “Pelé no dicionário”. Com menos vagar, nossa discussão também passa por questões relacionadas à descolonização dos saberes linguísticos. A partir da discussão teórica empreendida e das análises realizadas, respondemos positivamente à pergunta do título, indicando como resultado que a Linguística popular pode ser considerada não hegemônica.
Transparency in Music-Generative AI: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Batlle-Roca Roser , Gómez Emila , Liao WeiHsiang , Serra Xavier , Mitsufuji Yuki
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in music-generative AI raise ethical, social, legal and economic concerns linked to artists’ work, the existing music industry model, the role of AI in creative processes, and intellectual property rights. Transparency, a pillar for trustworthy AI, is key to addressing the principal ethical implications of generative AI in the music domain. We analyse transparency approaches for generative AI in music with a two-stage systematic literature review, identifying 107 relevant publications. Findings reveal a growing interest in AI transparency and the ethical implications of generative models. Yet, transparent methodologies for music-generative AI remain an under-explored topic, highlighting such research gap and the need to expand research in this direction. To encourage future exploration, we created a dynamic list of relevant publications in a public repository to be updated with new research initiatives.
The dynamics of fast and slow earthquake ruptures in viscoelastic materials
Authors: Weng Huihui
Published: December 2024

Classical theories using linear elasticity predict that crack propagation asymptotically approaches a limiting speed, beyond which the energy balance becomes unphysical. How- ever, geophysical and laboratory observations show that ruptures can propagate at either a very low, stable speed or a significantly high speed. Here, we use numerical simulations to show that frictional ruptures in viscoelastic materials can steadily propagate at a terminal speed, rather than asymptotically approaching the classical speed limit. The simulated terminal speed spans a continuum of values, ranging from slow ruptures to supershear ruptures. We develop a new theory incorporating viscoelasticity to predict all simulated rupture speeds. In addition to the ratio of fracture energy to static energy release rate, we find that three length scales also play a crucial role in governing the energy balance during rupture in viscoelastic materials. The theory predicts that stable rupture speeds are energetically allowed to be very small, which helps explain the widespread occurrence of slow earthquakes. Beyond the classical speed limit, the energy balance becomes independent of macroscopic length scales, being controlled solely by the local properties around the rupture tip. Furthermore, we find that the viscoelasticity of fault zones is significant in earthquake rupture propagation, even when the fault-zone geometrical scales are short relative to other fault dimensions. These numerical and theoretical findings fundamentally advance our understanding of dynamic rupture propagation.
S-approximation spaces extension model based on item-polytomous perspective
Authors: Xie Xiaojie , Liao Shujiao , Li Jinjin
Published: December 2024

S-approximation spaces are important extension models of two-universe. However, existing S-approximation spaces are unable to represent and process item-polytomous knowledge, which limits the application of this model to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to address these problems with other models.For this purpose, this paper proposes a new extension model named polytomous S-approximation spaces. First, the concepts in polytomous S-approximation spaces are introduced and the basic properties of the model under different operations and assumptions are discussed. Second, this paper outlines a relationship between knowledge space theory and polytomous S-approximation spaces. The upper and lower approximations of family of sets in polytomous S-approximation spaces are researched.A new method is established, based on this, for constructing a special type of polytomous knowledge structures.Third, the upper and lower approximation numbers in polytomous S-approximation spaces are proposed. Moreover, the approximation numbers capture interesting properties.Finally, based on the approximation numbers, it constructs two kinds of matroidal structures.In addition, the operations in the obtained matroidal structures are investigated.Compared with other models, the proposed polytomous S-approximation spaces further enrich the S-approximation spaces theory and the polytomous generalization of knowledge space theory.
A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS
Authors: Liu Zhan , Zhang Kai , Ren Daopeng , Chen Junru , Pu Weiling , Wang Guifeng
Published: December 2024

The Modular Multilevel Converter-Battery Energy Storage System (MMC-BESS) possesses considerable potential for diverse applications. However, when controlling the State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing among various energy storage units, the utilization of circulating currents often leads to increased voltage fluctuations in the capacitors of individual units. To address this issue, a submodule battery SOC balancing control strategy is proposed, which does not require additional control measures on the MMC. Instead, SOC balancing is achieved through the switching control of bidirectional DC/DC converters. Initially, the power transfer relationships within the MMC-BESS are derived, and the principles of battery SOC balancing are studied based on its mathematical model. By solely adjusting the duty cycles of the bidirectional DC/DC converter switches, the achievement of SOC balance among the three phases and within the individual phase during the charging and discharging of the submodule is accomplished without any adverse impact on the capacitance of the submodule. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is successfully validated through the construction of a main circuit on the Typhoon HIL402 Hardware-in-the-Loop experimental platform.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion to Predict Arterial Hypotension Caused by Spinal Anesthesia in Caesarian Section
Authors: Gülaştı Ferdi , Gülaştı Sevil , Çelik Eray Çağlayan , Sarı sinem
Published: December 2024

Background
Serious hypotension may develop following Spinal Anesthesia (SA) in Cesarean Section surgeries, because of the pressure of the pregnant uterus on the inferior vena cava and the effect of SA. The search for predicting hypotension that occurs because of SA in Cesarean Section surgery continues. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the role of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in predicting hypotension following Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section surgeries.
Method
This observational study was designed for pregnant female cases aged 20 to 35 years. A total of 60 patients with Class II American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, prepared for elective Cesarean Section under SA, and gave informed consent were included in the study.
TAPSE and Right Ventricular (RV) function measurements were made on the patients with Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) before Spinal Anesthesia and intraoperative hemodynamic measurements were recorded.
Results
TAPSE was found to be statistically significant in predicting the development of hypotension following Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section surgery in the present study. The optimal cut-off value of TAPSE for diagnostic yield £was 2.59. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off value were 66.7% and 77.3%.
Conclusion
The TAPSE value of £ 2.59 cm performed with TTE before Spinal Anesthesia was predictive of hypotension in the present study.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05874687 Date: May 25, 2023
Penguin osteohistology, the key role of the Internal Circumferential Layer in gender determination
Authors: Garat Luis Marcial , Talevi Marianella , Hospitaleche Carolina Acosta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the osteohistological variation in Sphenisciformes, focusing on the microstructural patterns associated with medullary bone (MB) and the inner circumferential layer (ICL) across several species, including Aptenodytes forsteri, Pygoscelis antarctica, P. papua and Spheniscus magellanicus. Histological sections of both appendicular and axial skeletons were analysed, revealing significant variations in the presence of MB and ICL across taxa. We aimed to expand the understanding of microanatomy and histology in Sphenisciformes by describing these variations and testing a hypothesis regarding sexual dimorphism based on ICL presence. Key findings include the identification of MB in all specimens, while S. magellanicus exhibited a more limited distribution of MB. Additionally, females of P. antarctica and A. forsteri had an ICL, although this layer was partially remodelled due to osteoclastic activity linked to egg-laying. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion of gender discrimination in extant and extinct penguin taxa and highlight the importance of MB and ICL in understanding reproductive and developmental histories. Our results suggest that, although the ICL may not be an absolute indicator of sex, its absence or remodelling in adult individuals may serve as a useful tool to differentiate females, even in the fossil record. Furthermore, the variability in MB distribution in S. magellanicus suggests dietary influences, specifically calcium intake, which warrants further investigation under controlled conditions.
Lifespan in rodents with MYT1L heterozygous mutation
Authors: Schreiber Allyson , Swift Raylynn G. , Wilson Leslie , Kroll Kristen L. , Dougherty Joseph D. , Maloney Susan E.
Published: December 2024

MYT1L syndrome is a newly recognized disorder characterized by intellectual disability, speech and motor delay, neuroendocrine disruptions, ADHD, and autism. In order to study this gene and its association with these phenotypes, our lab recently created a Myt1l heterozygous mutant mouse inspired by a clinically relevant mutation. This model recapitulates several of the physical and neurologic abnormalities seen in humans with MYT1L syndrome, such as weight gain, microcephaly, and behavioral disruptions. The majority of patients with this syndrome are young, and little is known about the impact of age on health and mortality in these patients. Using a Myt1l mutant mouse, we examined the impact of Myt1l mutation on body weights, lifespan, and histopathology findings of mice at the end of life. This cohort of heterozygous mice demonstrated increased body weight across the lifespan, however there was no significant difference in lifespan, apparent cause of death, or end of life histopathological findings between Myt1l heterozygous and wildtype mice. These findings suggest while Myt1l heterozygous mutation may influence overall brain development, it does not strongly impact other organ systems in the body over time.
A Novel Healthcare Monitoring System using Optimal Hybrid DL, AR and IoT
Authors: Ganesan G , Poonkuntran S
Published: December 2024

The growth of IoT in modern days helps devices to work productively and efficiently. However, the device needs human intervention for timely assistance. The proposed design consists of transmitter and receiver side, the transmitter side comprises of various sensors connected with the Raspberry Pi module and is connected to the camera and Wi-Fi module. The transmitted data are recognized and classified at the receiver side for any unstable healthcare condition of the employees or patients which could be connected and monitored over Augmented reality. Once the abnormal status is detected, an alert will be sent to the caretaker or physician to take necessary actions. The performance estimation is made in terms of various performance metrics and the comparison made with the existing system reveals that the proposed model is effective over other conventional schemes.