bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging students in a genetics course-based undergraduate research experience utilizing
Caenorhabditis elegans
in hybrid learning to explore human disease gene variants
Authors: Forte Natalie R. , Veasey Virginia N. , Christie Bethany J. , Carter Amira , Hanks Marli A. , Holderfield Alan , Houston Taylor , Challa Anil K. , Turner Ashley N.
Published: November 2023

Genetic analysis in model systems using bioinformatic approaches provides a rich context for a concrete and conceptual understanding of gene structure and function. With the intent to engage students in research and explore disease biology utilizing the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
model, we developed a semester-long course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in a hybrid (online/in-person) learning environment—the gene-editing and evolutionary nematode exploration CURE (GENE-CURE). Using a combination of bioinformatic and molecular genetic tools, students performed structure-function analysis of disease-associated variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in human orthologs. With the aid of a series of workshop-style research sessions, students worked in teams of two to six members to identify a conserved VUS locus across species and design and test a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for targeted editing of a gene in the nematode and downstream genotyping. Research session discussions, responsible conduct of research training, electronic laboratory notebook, project reports, quizzes, and group poster presentations at a research symposium were assessed for mastery of learning objectives and research progress. Self-reflections were collected from students to assess engagement, science identity, and science efficacy. Qualitative analysis of these reflections indicated several gains suggesting that all students found many aspects of the GENE-CURE rewarding (learning process of research, self-confidence in research and science identity, and personal interest) and challenging (iterative research and failure, time management, COVID-19 pandemic, and life issues).
Forsythoside A inhibits apoptosis and autophagy induced by infectious bronchitis virus through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xu Jun , Yin Peng , Liu Xuewei , Hou Xiaolin
Published: November 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes an acute and highly infectious viral disease of chickens, which brings huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Forsythoside A (FTA) is a natural ingredient with wide pharmacological and biological activities, which has been demonstrated to have anti-IBV activities. In the present study, we found that IBV replication reached the highest level of 7.44 ± 0.11 copies/μL at 48 h post infection (hpi) and caused cytopathic effect and apoptosis in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. FTA pretreatment significantly inhibited IBV replication in a dose-dependent manner with an inhibition rate of up to 51.1%. In the presence of interferon deficiency, FTA pretreatment also inhibited IBV replication, indicating that the inhibition of FTA on IBV replication did not rely on the innate immune response of host cells. Additionally, we found that FTA pretreatment attenuated inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy induced by IBV infection. UV-irradiation-inactivated IBV did not affect the viability of BHK cells, but it upregulated the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins, suggesting that the apoptosis and autophagy induced by IBV infection were through activating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. FTA pretreatment downregulated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, and the PI3K activator and inhibitor were proven to show that FTA pretreatment inhibited IBV-induced apoptosis and autophagy by attenuating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

IMPORTANCE

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an acute and highly infectious viral disease that seriously endangered the development of the chicken industry. However, due to the limited effectiveness of commercial vaccines, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective anti-IBV drugs. Forsythoside A (FTA) is a natural ingredient with wide pharmacological and biological activities, and it has been shown to have antiviral effects against IBV. However, the antiviral mechanism of FTA is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FTA can inhibit cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by IBV infection by regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding is important for exploring the role and mechanism of FTA in anti-IBV infection, indicating that FTA can be further studied as an anti-IBV drug.
Supplemental Material: Massive rare earth element storage in sub-continental lithospheric mantle initiated by diapirism, not by melting
Authors: Zhu XinXiang , Liu Yan , al. et
Published: November 2023

Experiment design, analytical and calculating methods, and data sources for this study. 
Supplemental Material: U-Th-Pb dating, trace elements, and Sr-Nd isotopes of monazite and allanite as recorders for multi-stage rare earth element mineralization and remobilization in carbonatite dike systems
Authors: Zhang Hao-Xiang , Jiang Shao-Yong , et al.
Published: November 2023

Table S1: The chemical compositions of allanite and monazite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite. Table S2: The U-Th-Pb dating of monazite and allanite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite. Table S3: The Sr-Nd isotope data of monazite and allanite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite. 
Supplemental Material: Late Jurassic Tethyan igneous records in North Sumatra: Geochronological and geochemical constraints
Authors: Xu Chang , Qian Xin , et al.
Published: November 2023

Harker and weathering index diagrams for the Glebruk andesite and dolerite in North Sumatra.
The Influence of the A Priori Uncertainty of the Shallow Sea Sound Channel Model on the Vertical Array Gain
Authors: Malekhanov A. I. , Smirnov A. V.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to numerically demonstrate and comparatively analyze the critically strong and ambiguous impact of the a priori uncertainty of a shallow sea waveguide model in its main physical parameters on the output performance of model-based methods for spatial processing of multimode signals received by a vertical antenna array. The scenario is specified when a relatively weak signal of a remote underwater source is received against the background of intensive interference excited by a subsurface source (like a ship, for example) and ambient sea noise excited by wind waves. The considered array processing methods include matched-signal processing, optimal processing of the signal on the background of interference and noise, and suboptimal processing based on matched-mode array filtering of one of the signal-carrying modes with adaptive selection of its number. Quantitative estimates are obtained from above for the environment uncertainties, or model errors, with respect to the sound velocity in the water column and geoacoustic parameters of the underlying bottom, at which the array gain loss does not exceed a given level. It is shown that such estimates are very different both for different environmental parameters and for processing methods, with the determining role played by the conditions of useful signal reception, namely, the modal composition and intensity levels of the interference and sea noise at the array input. The problem statement and results are considered to be useful to detail the requirements for operational oceanography tools designed to support the effective operation of sonar antenna systems in real sea environments.
Chimeric antigen receptors of HBV envelope proteins inhibit hepatitis B surface antigen secretion
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Qiqi , Li Cheng , Wang Cong , Wang Shijie , Yuan Wenjie , Yu Demin , Zhang Ke , Shi Bisheng , Chen Xiaomei , Liu Tiantian , Yuan Zhenghong , Tong Shuping , Nassal Michael , Wen Yu-Mei , Wang Yong-Xiang
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by HBV infection greatly increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of CHB. HBsAg loss is the key indicator for cure of CHB, but is rarely achieved by current approved anti-HBV drugs. Therefore, novel anti-HBV strategies are urgently needed to achieve sustained HBsAg loss.

Design

We developed multiple chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) based on single-chain variable fragments (scFvs, namely MA18/7-scFv and G12-scFv), respectively, targeting HBV large and small envelope proteins. Their impacts on HBsAg secretion and HBV infection, and the underlying mechanisms, were extensively investigated using various cell culture models and HBV mouse models.

Results

After secretory signal peptide mediated translocation into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secretory pathway, MA18/7-scFv and CARs blocked HBV infection and virion secretion. G12-scFv preferentially inhibited virion secretion, while both its CAR formats and crystallisable fragment (Fc)-attached versions blocked HBsAg secretion. G12-scFv and G12-CAR arrested HBV envelope proteins mainly in ER and potently inhibited HBV budding. Furthermore, G12-scFv-Fc and G12-CAR-Fc strongly suppressed serum HBsAg up to 130-fold in HBV mouse models. The inhibitory effect lasted for at least 8 weeks when delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector.

Conclusion

CARs possess direct antiviral activity, besides the well-known application in T-cell therapy. Fc attached G12-scFv and G12-CARs could provide a novel approach for reducing circulating HBsAg.
What do young people know about the nicotine in their e-cigarettes?
Authors: Balzer Grace , Landrus Anthony , Ovestrud Ilona , Singer Jill M , Lu Bo , Wagner Dylan D , Klein Elizabeth G , Wold Loren E , Wilson Clark , Tackett Alayna P , Roberts Megan E
Published: November 2023

Introduction

In recent years, the nicotine in e-cigarettes has been available in either a ‘free-base’ (unprotonated) or ‘nicotine salt’ (protonated) form. Additionally, e-cigarette nicotine can be either ‘synthetic’ or ‘tobacco-derived’. These dimensions of nicotine have implications for nicotine absorption, bioavailability and sensory experiences. However, it is unclear if the young people using e-cigarettes are aware of these nicotine dimensions.

Methods

Data came from a cohort of Ohio youth (aged 15–24) who reported using an e-cigarette in the past 4 months (N=271). Participants were enrolled and provided background information in 2021; their 12-month follow-up survey asked about the presence, form and type of nicotine in their usual e-cigarette. Individuals who reported that they could distinguish between tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine were additionally asked to describe the difference.

Results

Of the 247 youth who reported that there was nicotine in their usual e-cigarette, 71.7% did not know whether it was free-base or nicotine salt and 75.7% did not know whether it was synthetic or tobacco-derived. Awareness was higher among youth who were using e-cigarettes at a greater frequency and quantity. The majority reported that they could not detect a difference between the experience of using synthetic vs tobacco-derived nicotine.

Conclusions

These findings indicate the generally limited awareness about nicotine among youth who used e-cigarettes. Improvements in health communications and requirements for e-cigarette industry disclosures are necessary to ensure that consumers are better informed about the dimensions—and the risks—of the nicotine they are consuming.
Light dark matter axion-wind detection with a static electric field
Authors: Gao Yu , Huang Yongsheng , Li Zhengwei , Ruan Manqi , Sha Peng , Si Meiyu , Yang Qiaoli
Published: November 2023

We explore the axionic dark matter search sensitivity with a narrow-band detection scheme aimed at the axion-photon conversion by a static electric field inside a cylindrical capacitor. An alternating magnetic field signal is induced by effective currents as the axion dark matter wind flows perpendicularly through the electric field. At low axion masses, such as in a KKLT scenario, front-end narrow band filtering is provided by using LC resonance with a high Q factor, which enhances the detectability of the tiny magnetic field signal and leads to thermal noise as the major background that can be reduced under cryogenic conditions. We demonstrate that high $$g_{a\gamma }$$

g

a
γ

sensitivity can be achieved by using a strong electric field $$E\sim $$

E
∼

MVm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. The QCD axion theoretical parameter space would require a high $$E\sim $$

E
∼

GVm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

field strength. Using the static electric field scheme essentially avoids exposing the sensitive superconducting pickup to an applied laboratory magnetic field.
Universal adjacency spectrum of the commuting and non-commuting graphs on AC-groups
Authors: Bajaj Saraswati , Panigrahi Pratima
Published: November 2023

For a simple undirected graph [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], the universal adjacency matrix [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the identity matrix, [Formula: see text] is the all-ones matrix, and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the adjacency and degree diagonal matrices of [Formula: see text], respectively. For a finite non-abelian group [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the commuting graph [Formula: see text] is a simple undirected graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and the adjacency rule is commuting. The non-commuting graph of [Formula: see text] is the complement of [Formula: see text]. An AC-group is a non-abelian group such that the centralizer of every non-central element is abelian. In this paper, we obtain the universal adjacency eigenpairs of the commuting and non-commuting graphs for an arbitrary AC-group [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we determine the eigenpairs of [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is a specific kind of group.
LSAB: User Behavioral Pattern Modeling in Sequential Recommendation by Learning Self-Attention Bias
Authors: Han Di , Huang Yifan , Liu Junmin , Liao Kai , Lin Kunling
Published: November 2023

Since the weight of a self-attention model is not affected by the sequence interval, it can more accurately and completely describe the user interests, so it is widely used in processing sequential recommendation. However, the mainstream self-attention model focuses on the similarity between items when calculating the attention weight of user behavioral patterns but fails to reflect the impact of user sudden drift decisions on the model in time. In this article, we introduce a bias strategy in the self-attention module, referred to as
Learning Self-Attention Bias
(LSAB) to more accurately learn the fast-changing user behavioral patterns. The introduction of LSAB allows for the adjustment of bias resulting from self-attention weights, leading to enhanced prediction performance in sequential recommendation. In addition, this article designs four attention-weight bias types catering to diverse user behavior preferences. After testing on the benchmark datasets, each bias strategy in LSAB is useful for state-of-the-art and can improve the performance of the models by nearly 5% on average. The source code listing is publicly available at
https://gitee.com/kyle-liao/lsab
.
Implementing Video Consultations in a Rural Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Shaker Ali Abbas , Austin Stephen F. , Sørensen John Aasted , Tarp Kristine Hæstrup , Bechmann Henrik , Simonsen Erik
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Multiple efficacy studies have shown that treatment provided via video consultation (VC) can be equivalent to in‐person (IP) consultation for people with psychiatric diagnoses. However, despite the great promise of VC, it has not been widely implemented in psychiatric outpatient services. This study investigated the feasibility aspects of VC in clinical practice and examined a range of factors associated with the implementation of this modality of treatment within psychiatric outpatient services. Methods. This study had a pragmatic design, where 40 consecutive referrals for people with anxiety, personality, or depressive disorders were given the choice to receive eight weekly treatment sessions via VC or IP modality within an outpatient psychiatric setting. Information on demand, acceptance, engagement, implementation, and potential negative effects for treatment conducted via VC were collected to help identify factors that may impact on the uptake of VC within the psychiatric outpatient service. Results. There was a high demand and acceptance for VC, with 44% (n = 15) of the patients choosing to receive eight weekly treatment sessions via VC, and acceptance was rated highly. Engagement with VC modality was good, with only a very small percentage (13%, n = 2) not completing treatment. A good level of working alliance was established and largely maintained throughout treatment for patients and case managers. There were differences in the utilization of VC compared to the IP modality, with the VC modality having a greater focus on supportive counseling and IP modality having a greater focus on psychotherapy. Overall, the duration of treatment conducted via VC was also slightly shorter than that of IP consultations. There were no negative effects registered for consultations via video. Conclusions. Findings suggest a high patient demand and acceptance for VC within psychiatric services, with good levels of engagement and alliance reported. Differences in focus and duration in VC compared to IP may reflect clinicians’ different attitudes and/or approaches to providing treatment, depending on whether it is VC or IP consultations.
Obesity Cut-Off Points Using Prepregnancy Body Mass Index according to Cardiometabolic Conditions in Pregnancy
Authors: Neves Renata O. , Rocha Alexandre da S. , de Vargas Bruna O. , Kretzer Daniela C. , de Matos Salete , Goldani Marcelo Z. , von Diemen Lisia , Magalhães José A. de A. , Bernardi Juliana R.
Published: November 2023

Aim. To suggest cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) using gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as cardiometabolic conditions in pregnancy. Methods. In this prospective study, singleton pregnant women from the fetal medicine service of the Brazilian Unified Health System were included. The pregnancy, perinatal, and newborn data were obtained from the clinical medical records. Maternal anthropometry included an assessment of weight and height and the prepregnancy BMI evaluation categorized according to the World Health Organization cut-off points. The area under the curve and confidence interval values from receiver operator curves were generated to identify the optimal cut-off points using prepregnancy BMI with better sensitivity and specificity. Results. Data on 218 pregnancies were analyzed, with 57.9% (

n
=
124

) being classified as overweight/obese, 11% (

n
=
24

) with GDM, 6.9% (

n
=
15

) with preeclampsia, and 11.0% (

n
=
24

) with gestational hypertension. The BMI cut-off points for predicting cardiometabolic conditions were 27.52 kg/m2 (S: 66.7%; E: 63.8%) for women with GDM; 27.40 kg/m2 (S: 73.3%; E: 62.4%; S: 79.2%; E: 64.9%; S: 70.3%; E: 66.3%) for women with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational hypertension plus preeclampsia, respectively; and 27.96 kg/m2 (S: 69.6%; E: 65.6%) for women with preeclampsia plus GDM. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the optimal prepregnancy BMI cut-off point is around 27 kg/m2 for pregnant women with maternal cardiometabolic conditions.
TABLE 2 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

IC50s versus G1–S TR50 of palbociclib and fulvestrant
Supplementary Table S1 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S1 shows parameter distributions for model inference
Release of Lipids Stored in the Intestine by Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Involves a Gut-Brain Neural Pathway
Authors: Mukherjee Kundanika , Wang Rita , Xiao Changting
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The gut hormone GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) plays important roles in lipid handling in the intestine. During postabsorptive stage, it releases preformed chylomicrons stored in the intestine, the underlying mechanisms of which are not well understood. Previous studies implicate the involvement of neural pathways in GLP-2’s actions on lipid absorption in the intestine, but the role of such mechanisms in releasing postabsorptive lipid storage has not been established.

METHODS:

Here, in mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rats, we directly tested whether gut-brain neural communication mediates GLP-2’s effects on postabsorptive lipid mobilization in the intestine. We performed total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy to disrupt the gut-brain neural communication and analyzed lipid output 5 hours after a lipid load in response to intraperitoneal GLP-2 or saline.

RESULTS:

Peripheral GLP-2 administration led to increased lymph lipid output and activation of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus. Disruption of gut-brain neural communication via vagotomy blunted GLP-2’s effects on promoting lipid release in the intestine.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results, for the first time, demonstrate a novel mechanism in which postabsorptive mobilization of intestinal lipid storage by GLP-2 enlists a gut-brain neural pathway.
Zona incerta modulation of the inferior olive and the pontine nuclei
Authors: Bhuvanasundaram Ramakrishnan , Washburn Samantha , Krzyspiak Joanna , Khodakhah Kamran
Published: November 2023

The zona incerta (ZI) is a subthalamic structure that has been implicated in locomotion, fear, and anxiety. Recently interest has grown in its therapeutic efficacy in deep brain stimulation in movement disorders. This efficacy might be due to the ZI’s functional projections to the other brain regions. Notwithstanding some evidence of anatomical connections between the ZI and the inferior olive (IO) and the pontine nuclei (PN), how the ZI modulates the neuronal activity in these regions remains to be determined. We first tested this by monitoring responses of single neurons in the PN and IO to optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin-expressing ZI axons in wild-type mice, using an in vivo awake preparation. Stimulation of short, single pulses and trains of stimuli at 20 Hz elicited rapid responses in the majority of recorded cells in the PN and IO. Furthermore, the excitatory response of PN neurons scaled with the strength of ZI activation. Next, we used in vitro electrophysiology to study synaptic transmission at ZI-IO synapses. Optogenetic activation of ZI axons evoked a strong excitatory postsynaptic response in IO neurons, which remained robust with repeated stimulation at 20 Hz. Overall, our results demonstrate a functional connection within ZI-PN and ZI-IO pathways.
Misnomer or Mistranslation? Western Arithmetic Textbooks by E. T. R. Moncrieff and Alexander Wylie in China in the 1850s
Authors: Kwan Uganda Sze Pui
Published: November 2023

Academia is fascinated by the process of how Western science and mathematical knowledge converged with the Chinese mathematical tradition. This topic not only reflects East–West interaction, but also turns upon the philosophical question of whether the Chinese have the scientific or cognitive ability to comprehend critical, logical, and abstract thinking. Fundamental to mathematical knowledge is arithmetic, which deals with numbers and their operations. This paper re-evaluates the significance of Alexander Wylie’s (1815–1887) pioneering role in translating Western arithmetical knowledge in China, through (1) unearthing a mathematician-missionary, Edward Moncrieff (1824–1857), who compiled a textbook of arithmetic and translated associated mathematical knowledge, in particular Euclidian geometry, one year earlier than Wylie, and (2) critically analyzing the concept of arithmetic in their textbooks by means of the method of Begriffsgeschichte.
Flight order does not influence individuals’ flight initiation distance in small bird flocks
Authors: Zhao Jin-Ming , Liu Hong-Chuang , Li Si-Yu , Ding Yi-Hang , Wang Jun-Jie , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2023

Researchers often measure the flight initiation distance (FID) of a selected individual to represent the FID of the whole groups which may vary with their flight order (the sequence to flee) and their spatial position within a group. In this study, we examined FID of all individuals in small bird flocks in urban environments when approached by an investigator. We found that individuals’ FID did not vary with their flight orders within these flocks. Moreover, the FID of the nearest individual, often used as a proxy for the entire flock, did not differ from the average FID of all flock members. This suggests that the conventional method of measuring the nearest individual’s FID to represent is a valid approximation for representing the behaviour of the entire flock in similar contexts. These results have important implications for understanding anti-predator strategies in group-living animals and can inform future studies in this field.
Can and Should an International Court or Tribunal Define the Term ‘Marine Scientific Research’ under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Yu Chuxiao
Published: November 2023

The term ‘marine scientific research’ (MSR) is included in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea without a definition. An examination of relevant drafting history reveals that the drafters of the Convention intentionally omitted the definition since they could not reach an agreement on this matter and had to leave it open for future development. Under Article 251 of the Convention, States shall seek to resolve the ambiguity surrounding the term MSR through competent international organisations. In terms of the legal clarification when the law is ambiguous, the role of international courts and tribunals cannot be overlooked. This article assesses the extent to which international judicial organs help to clarify the meaning of the term MSR by examining whether an international court or tribunal can or should define this term. It concludes that an international judicial organ should not define the term MSR in a general sense.
The Natural Number Bias Hampers Secondary School Students in Different Ways: A Conceptual Replication of Van Hoof et al. (2013)
Authors: Hernández Javier Hernández , Xolocotzin Ulises , Aguilar Mario Sánchez
Published: November 2023

The current study investigated how the natural number bias might hamper secondary students by replicating Van Hoof et al. (2013) previous research with a Mexican sample (n = 105). We asked grades 1 and 3 students to solve an online fraction comparison task with items consistent or inconsistent with the natural number bias. Students’ accuracies decreased in incongruent items compared to congruent items. Also, they needed more time to solve incongruent items correctly, suggesting the activation of analytical processes. However, there were no differences between the reaction times of incorrectly answered incongruent items and those of correctly answered congruent items, which indicated that students did not detect conflicts while solving incongruent items. These results partially replicate Van Hoof et al. (2013) and further support the Dual-process account of the natural number bias. We discuss how replication studies might help to deepen the understanding of the natural number bias.

The Impact Sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.24220003.
On the taxonomy of the genus Isochlora Staudinger with descriptions of two new species from Mongolia and Qinghai, China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , TITOV SERGEY V. , MATOV ALEXEY YU. , TÓTH BALÁZS , SALDAITIS AIDAS , RAKHIMOV RUSLAN D. , EGOROV PETR V.
Published: November 2023

Two new species of the genus Isochlora Staudinger, 1882 are described: I. hreblayi Volynkin, Tóth, Titov & Saldaitis, sp. n. (western Mongolia) and I. kozlovi Volynkin, Titov, Matov & Saldaitis, sp. n. (Qinghai Province, China). The type species of the genus-group names Chamyla Staudinger, 1900 and Grumia Alphéraky, 1892 (I. arctomys Alphéraky, 1897 and I. flora (Alphéraky, 1892), respectively) are examined, and their synonymy with Isochlora is revised. The synonymy of Chamyla idia Staudinger, 1900 with Isochlora arctomys Alphéraky, 1897 is revised as junior synonymies. Lectotypes are designated for Isochlora arctomys Alphéraky, 1897, Chamyla idia Staudinger, 1900 and Grumia flora Alphéraky, 1892. Isochlora intricans (Alphéraky, 1882) is reported from Kazakhstan for the first time. Adults as well as male and female genitalia are illustrated.
A new Brazilian species of Segonalia Young 1977 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini) and key to species
Authors: ALASMAR LUÍSA , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: November 2023

A new remarkable Segonalia species is described from Brazil, based on specimens from Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais State. The genus now includes three valid species, which are all recorded for Brazil, and the type-species Segonalia steinbachi is also recorded for Bolivia. The new species is described and illustrated, a key to males of the genus is provided and the distribution is discussed.
Teaching and Evaluating an Occupational Perspective in Canada: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Lee Bunting Katie , Honeybourne Kristen , Wheeler Michelle , Forwell Susan J.
Published: November 2023

Background. Occupation is the core domain of occupational therapy, and an occupational perspective is foundational for practice. Research has explored how an occupational perspective is taught. Yet, little has explored the Canadian occupational therapy educational context. There are national differences in core competencies and accreditation standards and nuances in how occupation is defined and what conceptual models are used. As such, a Canadian perspective may offer new understandings of value both within and outside of Canada. Purpose. To understand how, in Canada, educators teach and evaluate student occupational perspectives in entry-level master of occupational therapy programs. Method. This study used a descriptive qualitative design with an interpretive approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from 12 educators from Canadian entry-level occupational therapy programs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Findings. Five themes were identified: (1) occupational perspectives as pedagogy (2) it's a process, not an end state; (3) “everybody is involved”: a community of educators; (4) thinking critically; and (5) “hard to evaluate.” Conclusion. The complex, dynamic, and contextualized nature of an occupational perspective calls for critical, reflexive, communal, and innovative pedagogical and assessment approaches.
Present status of UBAI plate archive
Authors: Shuhrat Abdumannapovich Ehgamberdiev , Qudratillo Khabibullaevich Yuldoshev , Sobir Jurakobilovich Turaev , Zhao Jianhai , Yang Meiting , Tang Zhenghong , Yu Yong
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses a photographic plate archive of the Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute (UBAI) of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, the history of photometric observations, the current state of photometric plates, and the process of their digitization. We will talk about telescopes used for observations, their characteristics and observations. In addition, we will also talk about the preparation of photographic plates for scanning. Also, the work carried out in the “UBAI-SHAO scientific and technical project” on digitization of photographic plates in the UBAI archive at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and future work will be reviewed and discussed.
Total solar eclipse of AD 1133 and ΔT
Authors: Morrison Leslie V. , Hohenkerk Catherine Y. , Zawilski Marek , Stephenson F. Richard
Published: November 2023

Twenty-seven extant reports from medieval Europe and the Middle East of the total solar eclipse of AD 1133 (+1133) are analysed to set limits on the Earth rotation parameter ∆T. We conclude that at the epoch +1133, ∆T is in the range +720 <ΔT<+1110 seconds.
Systemic Metabolic Signatures of Oral Diseases
Authors: Salminen A. , Määttä A.M. , Mäntylä P. , Leskelä J. , Pietiäinen M. , Buhlin K. , Suominen A.L. , Paju S. , Sattler W. , Sinisalo J. , Pussinen P.J.
Published: November 2023

Systemic metabolic signatures of oral diseases have been rarely investigated, and prospective studies do not exist. We analyzed whether signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases are associated with circulating metabolites. Two study populations were included: the population-based Health-2000 ( n = 6,229) and Parogene ( n = 452), a cohort of patients with an indication to coronary angiography. Health-2000 participants ( n = 4,116) provided follow-up serum samples 11 y after the baseline. Serum concentrations of 157 metabolites were determined with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based method. The associations between oral parameters and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, presence of diabetes, and education (in Health-2000 only). The number of decayed teeth presented positive associations with low-density lipoprotein diameter and the concentrations of pyruvate and citrate. Negative associations were found between caries and the unsaturation degree of fatty acids (FA) and relative proportions of docosahexaenoic and omega-3 FAs. The number of root canal fillings was positively associated with very low-density lipoprotein parameters, such as diameter, cholesterol, triglycerides, and number of particles. Deepened periodontal pockets were positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, pyruvate, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and glycoprotein acetyls and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, FA unsaturation degree, and relative proportions of omega-6 and polyunsaturated FAs. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with increased concentrations of triglycerides and glycoprotein acetyls, as well as decreased proportions of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs. Caries at baseline predicted alterations in apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins and HDL-related metabolites in the follow-up, and both caries and BOP were associated with changes in HDL-related metabolites and omega-3 FAs in the follow-up. Signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with metabolic profiles typical for inflammation. Oral diseases may represent a modifiable risk factor for systemic chronic inflammation and thus cardiometabolic disorders.
Endochondral Repair of Jawbone Defects Using Periosteal Cell Spheroids
Authors: Zhu J. , Zhang S. , Jin S. , Huang C. , Shi B. , Chen Z. , Ji W.
Published: November 2023

Recapitulation of the natural healing process is receiving increasing recognition as a strategy to induce robust tissue regeneration. Endochondral ossification has been recognized as an essential reparative approach in natural jawbone defect healing. However, such an approach has been overlooked in the recent development of cell-based therapeutics for jawbone repair. Therefore, this study aimed to explore a bioinspired stem cell–based strategy for jawbone repair by mimicking the mesenchymal condensation of progenitor cells during the early endochondral ossification process. For this purpose, passage 3 of jawbone periosteum-derived cells (jb-PDCs) was cultured in our previously reported nonadherent microwells (200 µm in diameter, 148 µm in depth, and 100 µm space in between) and self-assembled into spheroids with a diameter of 96.4 ± 5.8 µm after 48 h. Compared to monolayer culture, the jb-PDC spheroids showed a significant reduction of stemness marker expression evidenced by flow cytometry. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 in both gene and protein levels was observed in the jb-PDC spheroids after 48 h of chondrogenic induction. RNA sequencing and Western blotting analysis further suggested that the enhanced SOX9-mediated chondrogenic differentiation in jb-PDC spheroids was attributed to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Impressively, inhibition of p38 kinase activity significantly attenuated chondrogenic differentiation jb-PDC spheroids, evidenced by a significant decline of SOX9 in both gene and protein levels. Strikingly, the jb-PDC spheroids implanted in 6- to 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice with critical-size jawbone defects (1.8 mm in diameter) showed an evident contribution to cartilaginous callus formation after 1 wk, evidenced by histological analysis. Furthermore, micro–computed tomography analysis showed that the jb-PDC spheroids significantly accelerated bone healing after 2 wk in the absence of exogenous growth factors. In sum, the presented findings represent the successful development of cell-based therapeutics to reengineer the endochondral bone repair process and illustrate the potential application to improve bone repair and regeneration in the craniofacial skeleton.
Relative Impact of Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Resilience on Mental Health Outcomes in Racially Minoritized Adults
Authors: Simmons Akeesha , Ferry Marissa , Christopher Michael
Published: November 2023

Racially minoritized adults lack equal representation in research and experience disparities in healthcare. Little is known about which trait-level factors may help mitigate negative and promote positive psychological health among adults from these communities. The aim of this study was to assess the differential impact of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience in predicting depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction in a sample of racially minoritized adults. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 169 participants (37.3% female and 62.7% male) between the ages of 18 and 64 ( M = 37.05; SD = 11.94). Separate hierarchical multiple regression models examined the relative influence of mindfulness facets (acting with awareness (AA); nonjudging of inner experience (NJ), and nonreactivity of inner experience (NR)), self-compassion, and resilience in predicting depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction. Self-compassion, resilience, AA, and NR predicted depression; self-compassion, resilience, and NR predicted anxiety; self-compassion, resilience, and NR predicted stress; and self-compassion predicted satisfaction with life. Self-compassion, resilience, AA, NJ, and NR differentially predicted depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction; however, only self-compassion consistently predicted all outcomes. Future research may incorporate an intersectional methodology and account for differences among different racially minoritized groups.
The penetration of Russian disinformation related to the war in Ukraine: Evidence from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Wenzel Michał , Stasiuk-Krajewska Karina , Macková Veronika , Turková Kateřina
Published: November 2023

This article novel research on disinformation conducted by the Central European Digital Media Observatory. We have identified Russian disinformation strategies related to the war in Ukraine and established the extent of their penetration in Central European countries. This international comparison shows that thecountries in question are susceptible to Russia-related disinformation efforts to a highly varying degree. Poland is largely immune to narratives about the Ukraine war and the Ukrainian state imposed by official and unofficial actors connected to the Russian authorities and their supporters. On the other hand, Slovak society is relatively receptive to such sentiments, while Czechs are somewhere between these poles. The use of social media as a source of news contributes to disinformation, but the effect is weak. In all three societies there is a strong, significant influence of individuals’ degree of education and material situation. Respondents with post-secondary education and those who consider themselves well off are less vulnerable to disinformation, regardless of their media consumption.
Investigating foreign students’ perceptions of their information literacy competencies
Authors: Parhamnia Farshad
Published: November 2023

The present study investigated foreign students’ perceptions of their information literacy competencies in Iranian universities in order to identify the weaknesses and strengths so that libraries can meet the information needs of the students. A survey method using a questionnaire was deployed for assessing foreign students’ perceptions of information literacy competencies in Iranian universities. A total of 335 students participated in the study. The research community is all foreign students of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, and Razi University who were studying in 2022. The findings showed that the actual average understanding of information needs, information seeking, information evaluation, information storage and retrieval, and communication and dissemination of information was lower than the theoretical average. The results of the present study reveal the areas of strength and weakness of information literacy skills among foreign students in Iranian universities. Thus, this study, gives libraries the knowledge of how to provide their services and helps them make decisions about how to develop the services for these students.
Abdominal pain in an adolescent girl with acute phlegmonous gastritis: a case report
Authors: Wang Tian , Xiao Peizhen , Xue Jiawen , Ma Jiaojiao , Zheng Chunhua
Published: November 2023

Acute phlegmonous gastritis (APG), a rare clinical condition, is mainly characterized by bacterial invasion in the gastric lining and is associated with a high mortality rate. The symptoms of APG include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and infection. Notably, the lack of specificity in the clinical presentation presents challenges in the early diagnosis of the disease. APG is often prevalent in adults, with a higher incidence in men than women. However, patients of other ages may also be affected. We herein present a case report of a 12-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital with gastrointestinal symptoms and fever. The patient’s imaging findings were compatible with APG. Despite the requirement for surgical treatment in most cases of phlegmonous gastritis, our patient rapidly improved with imaging and antibiotic therapy. This case demonstrates the success of antibiotic therapy with early diagnosis.
Participation of girls and women in community sport in Ghana: Cultural and structural barriers
Authors: Charway Derrick , Strandbu Åse
Published: November 2023

Despite numerous international and national policy documents promoting girls’ and women's empowerment and participation in community sports, the actual access to sport for women and girls is still restricted in several countries. This paper explores the situation in Ghana. Through the analytical lens of Cooky and Messner’s theory of ‘the unevenness of social change’, we analyse the cultural and structural barriers that prevent girls and women from participating in sport in Ghanaian communities. The data material is document analysis, focus groups and semi-structured interviews with male and female officials representing state-funded regional and district sports organisations as well as non-state sports organisations in Ghana. The findings reveal that cultural barriers, rooted in deep-seated cultural norms and structural hindrances that undermine gender-inclusive policies, contribute to the limited participation of girls and women in community sport. Furthermore, the interplay between these cultural and structural factors leads to gender-specific practices and fewer women in leadership positions. Based on our analyses, we suggest that structural changes (enforcing and implementing gender policies) can result in cultural changes (positive gender equality outcomes) over time.
Incidence and risk factors of in-hospital prosthesis-related complications following total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Lu Huishan , Jin Enyou , Xie Hao , Fu Jinlang , Chen Xianhui , Liu Wenqian , Yang Qinfeng , Yu Fang
Published: November 2023

Background

The occurrence of prosthesis-related complications after total shoulder arthroplasty is devastating and costly. The purpose was to determine the incidence and risk of in-hospital prosthesis-related complications after total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing a large-scale sample database.

Methods

A retrospective database analysis was performed based on Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2014. Patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty were included. Patient demographics, hospital characteristics, length of stay, economic indicators, in-hospital mortality, comorbidities, and peri-operative complications were evaluated.

Results

A total of 34,198 cases were capture from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. There were 343 cases of in-hospital prosthesis-related complications after total shoulder arthroplasty and the overall incidence was 1%, with a more than 2.5-fold decrease from 2010 to 2014. Dislocation was the most common category among prosthesis-related complications (0.1%). The occurrence of in-hospital prosthesis-related complications was associated with significantly more total charges and slightly longer length of stay while less usage of Medicare. Risk factors of prosthesis-related complications were identified including younger age (<64 years), female, the native American, hospital in the South, alcohol abuse, depression, uncomplicated diabetes, diabetes with chronic complications, fluid and electrolyte disorders, metastatic cancer, neurological disorders, and renal failure. Interestingly, advanced age (≥65 years) and proprietary hospital were found as protective factors. Furthermore, prosthesis-related complications were associated with aseptic necrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, rotator cuff tear arthropathy, Parkinson’s disease, prior shoulder arthroscopy, and blood transfusion.

Conclusions

It is of benefit to study risk factors of prosthesis-related complications following total shoulder arthroplasty to ensure the appropriate management and optimize consequences although a relatively low incidence was identified.