bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the information quality of mobile government services: a literature review
Authors: Desmal Abdulla Jaafar , Othman Mohd Khalit , Hamid Suraya , Zolait Ali
Published: July 2022

This article aims to investigate the constructs that can be used to evaluate the information quality (IQ) of mobile government services. The dimension of IQ is one of the fundamental constructs that assesses the extent of information based on its accuracy, usefulness, and timeliness. Based on the review of previous studies, there is a lack of studies related to mGovernment service quality. It is not practical to measure the service quality of mGovernment by using other measurement scales such as e-service, e-commerce, or e-government. Therefore, it is necessary to understand each dimension that guides constructing a comprehensive framework to measure service quality at mGovernment. The constructs of information quality were extracted from previous literature in mobile government, mobile application service, and e-government to understand the development stages, structure, and unique features—this guide to conduct the systematic literature review to clarify the constructs belonging to the evaluation of information quality. The present article identified six constructs—understandability, timeliness, accuracy, completeness, availability, and usefulness—to measure the information quality of mobile government service. There is limited literature on mGovernment information service quality. With the development of government services on mobile devices, it is necessary to measure information quality at mGovernment service channel to understand users’ expectations. The mGovernment service provider benefits from measuring the service quality by improving the strategy and criteria of information at mGovernment portal. In addition, the end-users expect to perform the service with the best quality level of the information supplied and displayed on mGovernment platform.
Isaiah 19
Authors: Aster Shawn Zelig
Published: July 2022

This essay dates portions of the “Burden of Egypt” prophecy in Isaiah 19 to the Neo-Assyrian period, based on its borrowing of motifs from Assyrian royal inscriptions. These include the unique motif of the establishment of a monument on the border with Egypt and Assyrian attempts to dominate Egypt by controlling its trade. The essay also demonstrates the dependence of parts of Isaiah 19 on material in Exodus 1–15, integrating specific phrases from these Exodus chapters with motifs known to us from Assyrian royal inscriptions. This integration could only have taken place during the Assyrian period (late eighth–early seventh centuries), and this has obvious implications for the dating of the Exodus text.

The essay understands the prophecy as a re-envisioning of the Assyrian campaign of 734, part of which was directed at Egypt. In this re-envisioned campaign, YHWH Himself is directing the Assyrian attack (Isa. 19:1–4) on Egypt. The essay focusses on 19:19–25, which describe how the Egyptians suffer as a result of the Assyrian attack. In their despair, they acknowledge the sovereignty of YHWH. This recognition is based on the Assyrian model of recognizing the Assyrian king as universal sovereign, and the monument described in v. 22 is based on the monument established by the Assyrians on the Egyptian border. The behavior of the Egyptians in vv. 20–22 provokes the unique theological statements of vv. 23–25, in which Egypt and Assyria join Israel in the triad blessed by YHWH.

This passage demonstrates Isaiah’s use of a sort of “replacement theology” in which the universal sovereignty of YHWH is imagined and described based on Assyrian claims of universal dominion.
ACLS and the Promotion of Chinese Studies in the United States, 1928–1958
Authors: Yu Pauline
Published: July 2022

This essay recounts the early history of the development of Chinese studies in the United States undertaken by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), starting in 1928 under the leadership of its newly appointed Assistant Secretary, Mortimer Graves, in collaboration with key members of the American Oriental Society. Through planning conferences, surveys, and reports, he ascertained the needs of the field and secured funding to meet them. These included seed money for faculty positions, fellowships for graduate students and scholars, programs to spark interest in Asian studies curricula, the creation of bibliographical and journal resources and a new scholarly society, and the development of intensive language training methods. Subsequent philanthropic and government support continued this trajectory, but Graves’s thirty-year campaign succeeded in laying the foundation for the field as we know it today.
Corpus of Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian Incantations. By Elyze Zomer
Authors: Geller M. J.
Published: July 2022

Corpus of Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian Incantations. By Elyze Zomer. Leipziger Altorientalische Studien, vol. 9. Wiesbaden: HarrassowitZ Verlag, 2018. Pp. xxiv + 463, 3 pls. €84.
‘History of the Kings of the Persians’ in Three Arabic Chronicles: The Transmission of the Ira- nian Past from Late Antiquity to Early Islam. Translated, with introduction and notes, by Robert G. Hoyland
Authors: Choksy Jamsheed K.
Published: July 2022

The ‘History of the Kings of the Persians’ in Three Arabic Chronicles: The Transmission of the Ira- nian Past from Late Antiquity to Early Islam. Translated, with introduction and notes, by Robert G. Hoyland. Translated Texts for Historians, vol. 69. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2018. Pp. xii + 185. $120, £90 (cloth); $34.95, £24.95 (paper).
Recipes from the Garden of Contentment. By Yuan Mei, translated and annotated by Sean J. S. Chen
Authors: Smith Hilary A.
Published: July 2022

Recipes from the Garden of Contentment. By Yuan Mei, translated and annotated by Sean J. S. Chen. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire, 2019. Pp. xxxiii + 428. $125.
Passion of Nabuša
Authors: Williams Trevor B.
Published: July 2022

The Hermopolis letters showcase the personal concerns of those writing Aramaic letters in the era of Persian Egypt. One individual named Nabuša is particularly interesting because of his familial correspondence and emotional tone. This study will examine what can be known about this writer and his complaints about an unwanted tunic and a snakebite. There have been several notable disagreements about the Aramaic translation of Nabuša’s concerns, whose discussion will help heighten our understanding of his passion.
Siedlungskammer Kilikien: Studien zur Kultur- und Landschaftsgeschichte des Ebenen Kilikien. By Susanne Rutishauser
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: July 2022

Siedlungskammer Kilikien: Studien zur Kultur- und Landschaftsgeschichte des Ebenen Kilikien. By Susanne Rutishauser. Schriften zur Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, vol. 16. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2020. Pp. xiii + 212, illus. €88.
Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives. By Fozia Bora
Authors: Liebrenz Boris
Published: July 2022

Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives. By Fozia Bora. The Early and Medieval Islamic World. London: I.B. Tauris, 2019. Pp. xviii + 250. $115.
Collective Liability in Islam: The ʿĀqila and Blood-Money Payments. By Nurit Tsafrir
Authors: Katz Marion H.
Published: July 2022

Collective Liability in Islam: The ʿĀqila and Blood-Money Payments. By Nurit Tsafrir. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xviii + 167. $99.99.
Zhou History Unearthed: The Bamboo Manuscript Xinian and Early Chinese Historiography. By Yuri Pines
Authors: Foster Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

Zhou History Unearthed: The Bamboo Manuscript Xinian and Early Chinese Historiography. By Yuri Pines. New York: Columbia UniversitY Press, 2020. Pp. 352. $120 (cloth); $30 (paper).
Phonologie Hittite. By Sylvain Patri
Authors: Yakubovich Ilya
Published: July 2022

Phonologie Hittite. By Sylvain Patri. Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. I/130. Leiden: Brill, 2019. Pp. xiii + 733. $238.
New Sogdian Fragment of the Avalokiteśvaraikādaśamukhadhāraṇī from the Tuyoq Grottoes in Turfan
Authors: Hu Xiaodan , Xia Lindong , Cao Ling
Published: July 2022

During the excavation of the Tuyoq Grottoes from 2015 to 2016, a new Sogdian frament was unearthed. This paper aims to provide an edition of the Sogdian fragment and to identify it with the Chinese parallels in the Taishō Tripiṭaka.
Mithras—Miθra—Mitra: Der römische Gott Mithras aus der Perspektive der vergleichenden Religionsgeschichte. By Jaan Lahe
Authors: Ognibene Paolo
Published: July 2022

Mithras—Miθra—Mitra: Der römische Gott Mithras aus der Perspektive der vergleichenden Religionsgeschichte. By Jaan Lahe. Kasion, vol. 3. Münster: Zaphon, 2019. Pp. 271, 30 pls. €88.
Reflecting the Past: Place, Language, and Principle in Japan’s Medieval Mirror Genre. By Erin L. Brightwell
Authors: Morley Brendan
Published: July 2022

Reflecting the Past: Place, Language, and Principle in Japan’s Medieval Mirror Genre. By Erin L. Brightwell. Harvard East Asian Monograph Series, vol. 433. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2020. Pp. xiii + 327. $60.
Monstrosity and Chinese Cultural Identity: Xenophobia and the Reimagination of Foreignness in Vernacular Literature since the Song Dynasty. By isaac Yue
Authors: Idema Wilt L.
Published: July 2022

Monstrosity and Chinese Cultural Identity: Xenophobia and the Reimagination of Foreignness in Vernacular Literature since the Song Dynasty. By isaac Yue. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2020. Pp. xii + 199. $110 (cloth); $40 (paper).
Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought. By Luke B. Yarbrough
Authors: Safran Janina
Published: July 2022

Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought. By Luke B. Yarbrough. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xiv + 361. $120 (cloth); $32.99 (paper).
Fiction of a Jewish Hellenistic Magical-Medical Paideia
Authors: Geller M. J.
Published: July 2022

The idea of Greek influences on Hellenistic Judaism appears to be so deeply engrained within modern scholarship that nothing could upset this apple cart, at least as reflected in two recent books on various aspects of magic, astronomy, and medicine in Jewish sources from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The usual frame of reference relies upon paradigms clearly outlined by Saul Lieberman and Martin Hengel, that Greek culture and science had penetrated Jewish thinking to such an extent, that even Hebrew and Aramaic texts from Qumran or the Mishnah were eventually integrated into an undefined Hellenistic-Greek Jewish episteme. The present review article advocates an alternative Near Eastern context for Jew- ish writings in the period, one that did not reflect Hellenism in any form.
Characteristics of Bacillus CgM22 and the Effect of Induction on the Growth Rate in Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Aisyah . , Haetami Kiki , Mulyani Yuniar , Iskandar . , Buwono Ibnu Dwi , Grandiosa Roffi
Published: July 2022

Bacillus is a potential probiotic candidate which is currently widely applied in aquaculture. Bacillus can be found in various hosts, one of which is found in the intestines of fish. This study contains the genus Bacillus subtilis intestinal fish Bacillus CgM22. The steps taken were the characterization of Bacillus CgM22 with gram staining test, inhibition test, and proteolytic test. The method at the fish rearing stage is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model that uses four treatments and three replications. Treatment A was control with no addition of antimicrobials in the feed. Treatment B was the addition of 108 CFU Bacillus CgM22 at a dose of 15 ml/kg of feed. Treatment C was the addition of supernatant from Bacillus CgM22 at a dose of 5 ml/kg of feed. Treatment D was the addition of supernatant from Bacillus CgM22 at a dose of 10 ml/kg of feed. Furthermore, Bacillus CgM22 was induced in carp (Cyprinus carpio) to see its effect on absolute weight. The results showed that the gene characteristics of the bacteria genus Bacillus CgM22, including gram-positive bacteria, had the shape of a rod or Bacillus. It was also found that the growing Bacillus CgM22 could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophilla. There are proteolytic test results that can be seen from the formation of a clear zone with a proteolytic index of IP = 2.19. Based on statistical tests, it was shown that the addition of probiotics was not significantly different (P > 0.05) on the growth rate of carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Nutritional and Sensory Profiles of Functional Breads Produced from Partial Substitution of Wheat Flour by Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Flour
Authors: Adjou Euloge Sènan , Metome Grâce , L. Yao Euphrem , Akotowanou Oscar , Vodounou Audrey , Dahouenon-Ahoussi Edwige , Sohounhloue Dominique C. K.
Published: July 2022

The present study aims to formulate and develop functional breads from wheat and pigeon pea flour and evaluate their nutritional and sensory qualities. Indeed, different composite bread formulations have been made by partial substitution of wheat flour with pigeon pea flour in varying proportions (10%, 20% 25% 50%), and the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the different breads produced were evaluated. Results indicated that the protein content of the composite breads significantly increases (p <0.005) according to the pigeon pea flour incorporation rate. However, the evaluation of sensory characteristics indicated that only composite breads result from the incorporation rate of 10% of pigeon pea flours have organoleptic characteristics appreciated by the panel of tasters. These results therefore underline that the perception and opinion of consumers are very important parameters to be taken into account in any innovation process in the field of food technology.
Isolation, Characterization and Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Non-dairy Foods: An Attempt to Unveil their Probiotic Potential
Authors: Jha Vikas , Bagul Sanchita , Jain Tisha , Koli Joshua , Gharat Yukta , Pawar Bhargaav , Narvekar Shruti , Mane Pratyusha , Shinde Rushiraj , Kulabkar Dhanashree , Salekar Bhakti
Published: July 2022

The growing need for probiotics has emerged due to the imbalances in the gut microbiota. Changes in the microflora of the gut lead to various disorders. Hence, the consumption of probiotics is imperative and rewarding. They provide various benefits when consumed, including antagonistic activities against pathogens by lowering pH to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, disease treatment, and prevention, as well as health restoration and maintenance. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize various Lactic acid bacteria from non-dairy items to determine their probiotic potential. Five isolates were chosen and identified further using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The chosen isolates were then tested in vitro for probiotic properties by employing various tests including tolerance to Bile salt, Sodium Chloride, Phenol, and pH. The culture’s supernatant of these isolates were also tested for their antibacterial efficacy against various pathogens. Five LAB isolates showed resistance to varying concentrations of Bile acid, NaCl, Phenol, and simulated gastric juice. Gelatinase and Hemolytic activities were absent in the isolates. They were resistant to several of the antibiotics examined. They also showed effective antibacterial activity against test pathogens. The isolated strains meet the criteria for being probiotic and safe for human consumption thus conferring various health benefits.
Characterization and Evaluation of Indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Isolate T352 against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Karuppaiyan T. , Balasubramani V. , Murugan M. , Raveendran M. , Rajadurai G. , Kokiladevi E.
Published: July 2022

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner is a ubiquitous soil bacterium with commercial bio pesticidal value and widely used for effective control of various important agricultural insect pests. Invasion of Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) into India caused potential yield loss in maize production, and also it threats the cultivation of other related crops. This study was aimed to characterize and evaluate the pathogenic activity of indigenous Bt isolate T352 against fall armyworm (FAW), S. frugiperda. The Bt isolate T352 was creamy white in colour and had irregular shaped flat colonies with undulated margin. Bipyramidal shape of parasporal inclusions was found in isolate T352. The isolate produced protein bands of ̴ 130 kDa and ̴ 65 kDa size in SDS PAGE analysis. PCR screening also confirmed the presence of cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3A genes. During probit analysis, isolate T352 exhibited the LC50 of 1.927 µg/ml as against 0.421µg/ml in positive standard strain HD- 1 based on mortality observed at 72 h after treatment in leaf disc bioassay with spore crystal mixtures.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content and Human Health Risk Assessment of Water Leaf (Talinum triangulare) Grown on Arsenic Spiked Soils
Authors: Waribo H. A. , Kalu C. R. , Anyalebechi E. O. , Briggs O. N. , Bartimaeus E. S.
Published: July 2022

AIM: This study investigated the concentration of heavy metal (Arsenic), taken up by waterleaf plant cultivated in three contaminated soil type namely; sandy, loamy and clay. The health risk associated in exposing the waterleaf plants was accessed from the different soil types at different treatment levels of 40mg/kg (low) and 80mg/kg (high) of arsenic.

Methods: Three soil types namely; sandy, loamy and clay were spiked with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of arsenic.  The waterleaf plant was grown on the spiked soil samples for the period of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Each soil sample was taken before the spiking of the soil to serve as the basal control soil sample. This will determine the content of arsenic in the soil. After the stipulated growth period, the soil sample was collected into a clean sample bottle likewise the waterleaf plant which was harvested, washed, oven dried and ground into a powdered form which was acid digested. The heavy metal content in both the plant and soils were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Results: The results of arsenic concentration in waterleaf from loamy soil at 40 mg/kg were 0.118 mg/kg, 0.189 mg/kg, 0.295 mg/kg, and 0.332 mg/kg at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 respectively. At 80 mg/kg, arsenic concentrations in loamy soil were 0.200 mg/kg, 0.388 mg/kg, 0.612 mg/kg and 0.693 mg/kg respectively. For sandy soil, the concentration of arsenic in the waterleaf plant treated at 40 mg/kg were 0.083 mg/kg, 0.219 mg/kg, 0.279 mg/kg, and 0.310 mg/kg for weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 respectively and  0.159 mg/kg, 0.400mg/kg, 0.572 mg/kg, 0.632 mg/kg at 80 mg/kg respectively while in clay soil, the arsenic concentration was 0.079 mg/kg and 0.167 mg/kg for  weeks 2 and 4 at 40 mg/kg and 0.190 mg/kg and 0.320mg/kg for 80 mg/kg for weeks 2 and 4 respectively. No growth was recorded in weeks 6 and 8. The mean values of the arsenic concentration in the plant spiked with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg respectively were significantly different (p<0.05)from each other but that for the loamy soil at 40 mg/kg was not significantly different (p>0.05).The Estimated Daily Intake for arsenic was <1, Target Hazard Quotient was < 1 and the Health Risk Index for adults that would be exposed to arsenic was <1 except for the loamy soil which was ≥ 1 at week 4 and 6 for treatment level 80 mg/kg.

Conclusion: Arsenic concentration increases in the plant with increasing period of growth, while in the soil, the reverse occurs. The result shows that the waterleaf plant absorbed heavy metal (Arsenic) from the contaminated soils but at concentrations that do not pose any health risk within the experimental period of exposure. However, it is possible that with extended duration of exposure, consumption of plants exposed to contaminated soils with heavy metals could be hazardous.
Impact of Hydroxyurea on Blood Transfusion Rate in Patients of Beta-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Memon Sumair , Ujjan Ikram Din , Ashraf Humaira , Memon Tasneem , Sana Faria , Talib Shujaullah
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of hydroxyurea on the blood transfusion rate in patients with beta-thalassemia major.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was held in the Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology/Pathology at LUMHS Jamshoro, and Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, in Hyderabad, Sindh from February 2015 to August 2015. Patients with beta thalassaemia major, diagnosed with Hb electrophoresis, who had Hb less than 7 g/dl and were regularly transfused every two to four weeks were included. Patients were divided into two groups in equal numbers. Half of the patients underwent blood transfusion with the treatment of hydroxyurea and half without hydroxyurea. In comparison to those who did not receive hydroxyurea treatment. The ability to keep haemoglobin levels over 9 g/dl or a lowering of at least 50% from the initial transfusion needs were considered signs of therapeutic success. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 26.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 11.02+3.93 years and males were in the majority (68.0%). In 56.2% of cases, there was a positive family history. The mean serum ferritin level was 12824.39+300.60 ng/ml and the mean haemoglobin level was 7.52+1.67 gm/dl. Some patients did not report follow-up, because some families had migrated to other areas of Sindh, and some cases went to other welfare hospitals/ centers, for treatment. Therefore, out of 40 patients, 30 were observed with hydroxyurea, and overall, this treatment showed a significant decrease in blood transfusion requirements (P-0.01).

Conclusion: As per the study’s conclusion, hydroxyurea was observed to be the most effective treatment to decrease the blood transfusion rate, but patients should be treated under proper and responsible observation.
Resident and Fellow Unions
Authors: Lin Grant L. , Ge T. Jessie , Pal Ria
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the actions resident physicians and fellows are increasingly taking through labor unions to counteract physician burnout, improve health care equity, and reprioritize the patient-physician relationship.
The Body’s Scorecard
Authors: Launse Diana Fishbein
Published: July 2022

In this essay, the author describes how trauma has led not only to physical ailments, including cancer, but also greater appreciation of her body and life.
Audit of Data Sharing by Pharmaceutical Companies for Anticancer Medicines Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Modi Natansh D. , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. , McKinnon Ross A. , Boddy Alan V. , Haseloff Mark , Wiese Michael D. , Hoffmann Tammy C. , Perakslis Eric D. , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J. , Hopkins Ashley M.
Published: July 2022

Importance

Emerging policies drafted by the pharmaceutical industry indicate that they will transparently share clinical trial data. These data offer an unparalleled opportunity to advance evidence-based medicine and support decision-making.

Objective

To evaluate the eligibility of independent, qualified researchers to access individual participant data (IPD) from oncology trials that supported US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of new anticancer medicines within the past 10 years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this quality improvement study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed of pivotal clinical trials whose results supported FDA-approved anticancer medicines between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2021. These trials’ results were identified from product labels.

Exposures

Eligibility for IPD sharing was confirmed by identification of a public listing of the trial as eligible for sharing or by receipt of a positive response from the sponsor to a standardized inquiry.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was frequency of IPD sharing eligibility. Reasons for data sharing ineligibility were requested and collated, and company-, drug-, and trial-level subgroups were evaluated and presented using χ2 tests and forest plots.

Results

During the 10-year period examined, 115 anticancer medicines were approved by the FDA on the basis of evidence from 304 pharmaceutical industry–sponsored trials. Of these trials, 136 (45%) were eligible for IPD sharing and 168 (55%) were not. Data sharing rates differed substantially among industry sponsors, with the most common reason for not sharing trial IPD being that the collection of long-term follow-up data was still ongoing (89 of 168 trials [53%]). Of the top 10 anticancer medicines by global sales, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and pomalidomide had the lowest eligibility rates for data sharing (<10% of trials).

Conclusions and Relevance

There has been a substantial increase in IPD sharing for industry-sponsored oncology trials over the past 5 years. However, this quality improvement study found that more than 50% of queried trials for FDA-approved anticancer medicines were ineligible for IPD sharing. Data accessibility would be substantially improved if, at the time of FDA registration of a medicine, all data that support the registration were made available.
NICD3 regulates the expression of MUC5AC and MUC2 by recruiting SMARCA4 and is involved in the differentiation of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yan Xiaodong , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Xia , Hu Yi , Huang Haixia , Ren Jie , Wen Boye , Yang Yuhui , Xiao Keyuan , Hu Wenqing , Wang Wei
Published: July 2022

Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent histological subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), with mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) being a unique form. Although the mucinous subtype is known to elicit a worse response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy than the nonmucinous subtype, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (NOTCH3), a member of the NOTCH subfamilies, is highly expressed in CRC. In the past three decades, many studies have been performed evaluating the biological role of NOTCH3 in CRC. However, the precise activities of NOTCH3 in MCA, as well as the mechanisms involved in its transcriptional control, are yet to be elucidated. Our finding showed that the critical transcriptional regulatory factor transcription activator BRG1 (SMARCA4) directly binds to the intracellular domain of NOTCH3 to control transcriptional regulation. Moreover, RNA‐sequencing results indicated a common targeting effect on the transcriptional activity of mucin‐5AC (MUC5AC) and mucin‐2 (MUC2) in CRC cells by NOTCH3 and SMARCA4. Furthermore, NOTCH3 was found to control the expressions of MUC5AC and MUC2 in a SMARCA4‐dependent manner. MUC5AC and MUC2, which encode two secreted mucins, are located on chromosome 11p15.5, and are linked to the development of MCA. This finding suggests that the interaction between NOTCH3 and SMARCA4 may be involved in MCA differentiation by jointly targeting MUC5AC and MUC2. Patients with MCA are often treated in accordance with CRC guidelines. Determining the relationship between NOTCH3 and SMARCA4 by demonstrating their interactions in the pathophysiology of MCA could provide novel therapeutic targets and help identify potential prognostic markers for MCA.
The Future for Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: From Persisting Issues to Promising Solutions and Practical Applications
Authors: Yan Zichao , Zhao Lingfei , Wang Yunxiao , Zhu Zhiqiang , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: July 2022

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT‐Na/S) batteries are emerging as promising candidates for stationary energy‐storage systems, due to their high energy density, resource abundance, and environmental benignity. A better understanding of RT‐Na/S batteries in the view of the whole battery components is of essential importance for fundamental research and practical applications. In particular, the components other than sulfur cathodes in preventing the migration of polysulfides and accelerating the reaction kinetics have been greatly overlooked. Such a biased research trend is also adverse to the broader applications for RT‐Na/S batteries, which have long been ignored in previous reviews. Herein, approaches to the historical progress toward practical RT‐Na/S batteries through a “teamwork” perspective are comprehensively summarized, and balanced research trends are encouraged to enable practical RT‐Na/S batteries. In the meantime, the persisting issues, promising solutions, and practical applications of advanced sulfur host design, Na metal anode protection, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, and binder engineering are clearly emphasized. Finally, the device‐scale evaluation in practical parameters and advanced characterization tools are thoroughly provided. This review aims to provide the “teamwork” perspective on the whole‐cell design and fundamental guidelines that can shed light on research directions for practical RT‐Na/S batteries.
The Modular µSiM: A Mass Produced, Rapidly Assembled, and Reconfigurable Platform for the Study of Barrier Tissue Models In Vitro
Authors: McCloskey Molly C. , Kasap Pelin , Ahmad S. Danial , Su Shiuan‐Haur , Chen Kaihua , Mansouri Mehran , Ramesh Natalie , Nishihara Hideaki , Belyaev Yury , Abhyankar Vinay V. , Begolo Stefano , Singer Benjamin H. , Webb Kevin F. , Kurabayashi Katsuo , Flax Jonathan , Waugh Richard E. , Engelhardt Britta , McGrath James L.
Published: July 2022

Advanced in vitro tissue chip models can reduce and replace animal experimentation and may eventually support “on‐chip” clinical trials. To realize this potential, however, tissue chip platforms must be both mass‐produced and reconfigurable to allow for customized design. To address these unmet needs, an extension of the µSiM (microdevice featuring a silicon‐nitride membrane) platform is introduced. The modular µSiM (m‐µSiM) uses mass‐produced components to enable rapid assembly and reconfiguration by laboratories without knowledge of microfabrication. The utility of the m‐µSiM is demonstrated by establishing an hiPSC‐derived blood–brain barrier (BBB) in bioengineering and nonengineering, brain barriers focused laboratories. In situ and sampling‐based assays of small molecule diffusion are developed and validated as a measure of barrier function. BBB properties show excellent interlaboratory agreement and match expectations from literature, validating the m‐µSiM as a platform for barrier models and demonstrating successful dissemination of components and protocols. The ability to quickly reconfigure the m‐µSiM for coculture and immune cell transmigration studies through addition of accessories and/or quick exchange of components is then demonstrated. Because the development of modified components and accessories is easily achieved, custom designs of the m‐µSiM shall be accessible to any laboratory desiring a barrier‐style tissue chip platform.
“Tree‐Trunk” Design for Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolytes with Hierarchical Ion‐Channels Enabling Ultralong‐Life Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yun , Yang Na , Gao Rui , Li Zhaoqiang , Dou Haozhen , Li Gaoran , Qian Lanting , Deng Yaping , Liang Jiequan , Yang Leixin , Liu Yizhou , Ma Qianyi , Luo Dan , Zhu Ning , Li Kecheng , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2022

The construction of robust (quasi)‐solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) for flexible lithium‐metal batteries is desirable but extremely challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte (QSSE) with a “tree‐trunk” design is reported for ultralong‐life lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). An in‐situ‐grown metal–organic framework (MOF) layer covers the cellulose‐based framework to form hierarchical ion‐channels, enabling rapid ionic transfer kinetics and excellent durability. A conductivity of 1.36 × 10−3 S cm−1, a transference number of 0.72, an electrochemical window of 5.26 V, and a good rate performance are achieved. The flexible LMBs fabricated with as‐designed QSSEs deliver areal capacity of up to 3.1 mAh cm−2 at the initial cycle with high mass loading of 14.8 mg cm−2 in Li‐NCM811 cells and can retain ≈80% capacity retention after 300 cycles. An ultralong‐life of 3000 cycles (6000 h) is also achieved in Li‐LiFePO4 cells. This work presents a promising route in constructing a flexible QSSE toward ultralong‐life LMBs, and also provides a design rationale for material and structure development in the area of energy storage and conversion.
Fingerprints Indicating Superior Properties of Internal Interfaces in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Raghuwanshi Mohit , Chugh Manjusha , Sozzi Giovanna , Kanevce Ana , Kühne Thomas D. , Mirhosseini Hossein , Wuerz Roland , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana
Published: July 2022

Growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers under Cu‐poor conditions gives rise to incorporation of numerous defects into the bulk, whereas the same absorber grown under Cu‐rich conditions leads to a stoichiometric bulk with minimum defects. This suggests that CIGS absorbers grown under Cu‐rich conditions are more suitable for solar cell applications. However, the CIGS solar cell devices with record efficiencies have all been fabricated under Cu‐poor conditions, despite the expectations. Therefore, in the present work, both Cu‐poor and Cu‐rich CIGS cells are investigated, and the superior properties of the internal interfaces of the Cu‐poor CIGS cells, such as the p–n junction and grain boundaries, which always makes them the record‐efficiency devices, are shown. More precisely, by employing a correlative microscopy approach, the typical fingerprints for superior properties of internal interfaces necessary for maintaining a lower recombination activity in the cell is discovered. These are a Cu‐depleted and Cd‐enriched CIGS absorber surface, near the p–n junction, as well as a negative Cu factor (∆β) and high Na content (>1.5 at%) at the grain boundaries. Thus, this work provides key factors governing the device performance (efficiency), which can be considered in the design of next‐generation solar cells.
Improved Ferroelectricity and Endurance of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films in Low Thermal Budget with Novel Bottom Electrode Doping Technology
Authors: Tian Guoliang , Xu Gaobo , Yin Huaxiang , Yan Gangping , Zhang Zhaohao , Li Lianlian , Sun Xiaoting , Chen Jia , Zhang Yadong , Bi Jinshun , Xiang Jinjuan , Liu Jinbiao , Wu Zhenhua , Luo Jun , Wang Wenwu
Published: July 2022

HfO2‐based ferroelectric memory is one of the most attractive candidates for embedded memory in future monolithic‐M3D integrated‐circuit (IC). However, ferroelectricity and endurance will degrade at lower annealing temperatures due to the limitation of the M3D‐IC in thermal budget, which significantly inhibits its potential for many applications. In this work, a novel process technology using As5+ implantation (As‐imp) at the bottom electrode (BE) in TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)/TiN capacitors is proposed. The HZO film shows excellent ferroelectricity and improves endurance at the annealing temperatures of 350 and 400 °C, especially when the dose of As‐imp is 1 × 1016, where the endurance of the HZO film is up to 1.5 × 1011, and the remnant polarization (Pr) far exceeds the reference capacitor without BE As‐imp, where 2Pr is greater than 40 °C cm−2 after 1.5 × 1011 cycles. The underlying physical mechanism is that the oxidation reaction of introduced As5+ during the film deposition releases extra oxygen atoms to fill the oxygen vacancies (Vo) near the BE interface due to the occurrence of the thermal reduction reaction in the subsequent annealing process. This study paves the way for the integration of HZO‐based ferroelectric embedded memory in future high‐performance and energy‐efficient 3D‐ICs.
Study of Surfactant‐Induced Deformations at the Interface of Emulsion Droplets by Digital Image Analysis of Droplet Projections
Authors: vom Stein Helena , Volkmer Dirk
Published: July 2022

Emulsion droplets do not always have smooth surfaces. Under certain conditions, the formation of surface‐active species at oil–water interfaces leads to interfacial instabilities that cause a spontaneous increase in the droplet surface area, which results in fascinating droplet morphologies. The specific system presented in this study consists of stearic acid encapsulated in an oil droplet and the quaternary ammonium surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the aqueous phase. This system is studied by examining the deformation of single emulsion droplets hanging on a capillary tip. By using digital image analysis, the relative perimeters and fractal dimensions from the droplet outlines are calculated and the influences of several process parameters on their temporal development are studied. It is demonstrated that the surfactant concentration, pH value, salt addition, alcohol addition, and viscosity have a considerable impact on the droplet morphology and possible causes for this behavior are discussed. Through this study, important insights are gained into the deformation mechanism and kinetics that can potentially guide the future preparation of particles with special surface morphologies.
Exploration of Physicochemical Mechanism for Negative Bias Temperature Instability in GaN‐HEMTs by Extracting Activation Energy of Dislocations
Authors: Chang Kuan‐Chang , Wang Zhengda , Zhou Qian , Zhang Xinxin , Lin Xinnan , Li Lei
Published: July 2022

The reliability issues caused by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) impede the rapid expansion of gallium nitride (GaN)‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). Clarifying the physicochemical reactions during the degradation process induced by NBTI is of paramount importance for tracing the origin of NBTI, so as to circumvent the intrinsic reliability problem. However, the investigation of deep‐seated reasons behind NBTI‐related issue still lacks a feasible approach and has not been explored in depth. This paper proposes a conjoint approach that combines electrical measurements, material analysis, and theoretical calculations to comprehensively investigate the molecular basis of degradation presented by NBTI. Extracting the activation energy of dislocations during stress effectively identifies the deep sources of device deterioration. The breaking of NH bonds and migration of hydrogen ions along the dislocations in GaN lattice are primarily responsible for the electrical instabilities according to the theoretical calculation of activation energy, which is also evidenced by material characterizations including transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman analysis. Also, a molecular‐level model that demonstrates the reaction kinetics is well established for the fundamental understanding of the pivotal physicochemical mechanism behind NBTI, thus providing the direction for further optimization of GaN electronics.
Obtaining Ambient‐Stable MXene Ti3C2Tx through Avoidance of Surface Oxidation Active Sites
Authors: Li Xuesong , Xue Ni , Yao Qian , Han Liuyuan , Zhao Xiangyan , Li Bo , He Tao , Tao Xutang
Published: July 2022

As the quintessential representation of MXenes, Ti3C2Tx has attracted widespread scientific interest and has demonstrated unparalleled potential in various applications. However, Ti3C2Tx has always been subject to its ambient instability, which deteriorates the intrinsic properties and limits the practical applications. The mechanism responsible for oxidative degradation of Ti3C2Tx has remained elusive, and the subsequent improvement of the preparation for ambient‐stable Ti3C2Tx is still a challenge. In this paper, the ambient instability of Ti3C2Tx is found to be attributed to the presence of many oxidation active sites on the surface, the formation of which is highly correlated with the enrichment of etching by‐products (AlFx or Al(OF)x). Based on the above findings a slow‐speed etching method is designed, using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a separate etching‐agent, to avoid adsorption of fluorine‐containing by‐products during etching. The prepared high‐quality Ti3C2Tx flakes exhibit excellent ambient stability even after 4 months of dispersion in water, unlike conventional aqueous Ti3C2Tx dispersions that can only be kept for a few days. The intrinsic stability allows Ti3C2Tx to avoid its decomposition in seawater desalination, and it exhibits superior desalination ability with a maximum reduction of 62.2% in Na+ permeability and a maximum increase of 300% in water flux.
A Breathable and Stretchable Metastructure for a Versatile Hybrid Electronic Skin Patch with Long‐Term Skin Comfort
Authors: Hwang Wonseop , Kim Juhee , Park Seongjin , Kang Tae‐Hyung , Kim Sunho , Lee Kijung , Lee Myoung‐Gyu , Kwak Rhokyun , Choi In‐Suk , Yi Hyunjung
Published: July 2022

With increasingly diverse functionalities of electronic skins (E‐skins), components and structures for the E‐skin have also become more diverse and complex. It is extremely challenging to make all the components and devices required for additional functionalities stretchable and breathable to ensure skin comfort. Herein, we report a facile strategy to realize a versatile hybrid E‐skin patch with great skin comfort by developing a breathable and stretchable metastructure to serve as the platform material of the hybrid E‐skin patch. A Kagome‐based mechanical metastructure made of breathable, stretchable medical adhesive integrates and tethers non‐stretchable or stiff components and devices to the skin, allowing for both the breathability and mechanical comfort of skin. A wireless skin sensor system to sense electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and wirelessly transmit ECG signals in an event‐driven manner such as sending R peaks only is developed on a polyimide‐based flexible printed circuit board. The Kagome metastructure‐tethered wireless ECG sensor patch does not cause significant skin discomfort when worn for five days, and successfully enables the event‐driven wireless monitoring of ECG signals. We envision that this facile and versatile approach expands the type of materials and functionalities of E‐skin for digital healthcare, personalized medicine, and smart prosthetics with emerging functionalities.
Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Composite Based on a Metamaterial for Electromechanical Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Zehuan , Cheng Jin , Xie Yan , Wang Yunhan , Yu Zhonghui , Li Shuai , Li Liuting , Dong Shuxiang , Wang Hong
Published: July 2022

Additive manufacturing of arbitrary shapes and unique architecture provides remarkable flexibility and simplicity for the preparation of highly complex conformal electronics. This drives up demand for electronic materials with excellent process ability and functionality from one‐step molding of microminiature to large‐scale devices. Herein, a novel method is introduced for fabricating high‐performance barium titanate (BaTiO3)‐polydimethylsiloxane composites based on three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing‐ordered structure of a metamaterial skeleton. When subjected to external mechanical stress, the metamaterial structure facilitates effective stress transfer, resulting in a significantly improved voltage output. In comparison to traditional low‐dimensional ceramic polymer composites, metamaterial‐structured BaTiO3 composites exhibit excellent electromechanical energy conversion properties, thereby enabling tactile imitation applications and mechanical energy harvesting. This study proposes a novel strategy for biological signal identification and implantable self‐powered electronic applications.
Mechanoreceptor Inspired Electronic Skin for Multi‐Modal Tactile Information Decoding
Authors: Gao Yuyu , Zhang Binbin , Liu Yiming , Yao Kuanming , Huang Xingcan , Li Jian , Wong Tsz Hung , Huang Ya , Li Jiyu , Zhou Jingkun , Wu Mengge , Li Hu , Gao Zhan , Park Wooyoung , Yiu Chun Ki , Jia Huiling , Shi Rui , Li Dengfeng , Yu Xinge
Published: July 2022

Multimodal force identification by electronic skin (E‐skin) provides comprehensive and precise tactile information that can enhance elaborated functions of fine tactile discrimination, robotic manipulation, and gesture recognition. However, it remains a great challenge to realize such complicated functions from a highly simplified E‐skin sensing system. Here, mimicking the multi‐mechanoreceptor synergistic effect in human skin, a simple, thin, soft, intelligent tactile sensor composed of an asymmetrically arrangement of strain sensing units array for multimodal tactile information decoding is reported. The E‐skin type tactile sensor exhibits good performance with excellent sensitivity for shear force (2.5 N–1), vertical force (0.11 kPa–1), that enables 3D force refactoring, as well as accurate recognition of sliding force for direction tracking. Another unique feature of the E‐skin type tactile sensor is the side force screen effect, that allows the tactile sensor to yield great accuracy and a gauge factor of 1492 in strain measuring. Furthermore, integration of the sensors into E‐skin array offers the capability of capturing dynamic and real‐time stress distribution on the hand in various conditions. This work provides a new route for complex force‐sensing from the simple structure and shows great potential in robotics, human‐machine interface, and virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR).
Inverse‐Designed Meta‐Optics with Spectral‐Spatial Engineered Response to Mimic Color Perception
Authors: Munley Chris , Ma Wenchao , Fröch Johannes E. , Tanguy Quentin A. A. , Bayati Elyas , Böhringer Karl F. , Lin Zin , Pestourie Raphaël , Johnson Steven G. , Majumdar Arka
Published: July 2022

Meta‐optics have rapidly become a major research field within the optics and photonics community, strongly driven by the seemingly limitless opportunities made possible by controlling optical wavefronts through interaction with arrays of sub‐wavelength scatterers. As more and more modalities are explored, the design strategies to achieve desired functionalities become increasingly demanding, necessitating more advanced design techniques. Herein, the inverse design approach is utilized to create a set of single‐layer meta‐optics that simultaneously focus light and shape the spectra of focused light without using any filters. Thus, both spatial and spectral properties of the meta‐optics are optimized, resulting in spectra that mimic the color matching functions of the CIE 1931 XYZ color space, which links the spectral distribution of a light source to the color perception of a human eye. Experimental demonstrations of these meta‐optics show qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions and help elucidate the focusing mechanism of these devices.
High‐Performance Inkjet‐Printed Blue QLED Enabled by Crosslinked and Intertwined Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Xie Liming , Yang Jian , Zhao Wenchao , Yi Yuan‐Qiu‐Qiang , Liu Yang , Su Wenming , Li Qing , Lei Wei , Cui Zheng
Published: July 2022

A novel crosslinkable 4,4′‐(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(N‐phenyl‐N‐(4‐vinylphenyl)aniline) (FLTA‐V) based on TFB repeat unit is designed and synthesized. A blended film with optimized 2:1 weight ratio of TFB and FLTA‐V is employed to act as the effective hole transport layer (HTL) for quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED). The resulted HTL is crosslinked and exhibits excellent solvent‐resistant property without any initiators. It also forms a robust network structure and the TFB molecules are intertwined and imprisoned in the network. The HTL then becomes denser, which enhances both intermolecular interactions and π‐π stacking to further promote efficient charge transportation. Moreover, the closeness of highest occupied molecular orbital levels between TFB (−5.4 eV) and FLTA‐V (−5.6 eV) is beneficial for hole injection from HTL to QD layer. The increased surface energy of blended HTL ensures better electrical contact between HTL and QDs, which reduces the leakage current of the device. The combination of these favorable factors has led to the fabricated blue QLED showing a remarkable enhancement of external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 7.23% for the control TFB‐based device to 10.20% for blended HTL‐based device. In addition, a maximum of 6.82% of EQE for inkjet‐printed blue QLED has been achieved, which is the best‐reported high‐efficiency inkjet‐printed blue QLED to date.