bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Ideation and Sense of Community in Faith Communities
Authors: Mason Karen , Martin W. , Kim Esther
Published: January 2018

Previous studies have found that religion and spirituality (R/S) are related to less suicidal ideation (SI), fewer suicide attempts and fewer suicide deaths and that an absence of social support is associated with SI, suicide attempts, and suicide death. 745 Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant congregants completed an online survey measuring their sense of community (SOC) in their faith community, overall belonging and SI. SOC was weakly related to SI. Congregants attending more than one service per week reported more SI and more importance to feel a SOC. Jewish and Hispanic congregants reported more SI. Unmarried congregants reported lower overall belonging, more SOC and more SI, suggesting that people apportion their sense of connectedness differently. Future studies might examine the relationship of SOC to suicide attempts and deaths and how a faith community might confer SOC differently from a non-religious/non-spiritual community.
Direct Georeferencing of a Pushbroom, Lightweight Hyperspectral System for Mini-UAV Applications
Authors: Jaud Marion , Le Dantec Nicolas , Ammann Jérôme , Grandjean Philippe , Constantin Dragos , Akhtman Yosef , Barbieux Kevin , Allemand Pascal , Delacourt Christophe , Merminod Bertrand
Published: January 2018

Hyperspectral imagery has proven its potential in many research applications, especially in the field of environmental sciences. Currently, hyperspectral imaging is generally performed by satellite or aircraft platforms, but mini-UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) platforms (<20 kg) are now emerging. On such platforms, payload restrictions are critical, so sensors must be selected according to stringent specifications. This article presents the integration of a light pushbroom hyperspectral sensor onboard a multirotor UAV, which we have called Hyper-DRELIO (Hyperspectral DRone for Environmental and LIttoral Observations). This article depicts the system design: the UAV platform, the imaging module, the navigation module, and the interfacing between the different elements. Pushbroom sensors offer a better combination of spatial and spectral resolution than full-frame cameras. Nevertheless, data georectification has to be performed line by line, the quality of direct georeferencing being limited by mechanical stability, good timing accuracy, and the resolution and accuracy of the proprioceptive sensors. A georegistration procedure is proposed for geometrical pre-processing of hyperspectral data. The specifications of Hyper-DRELIO surveys are described through two examples of surveys above coastal or inland waters, with different flight altitudes. This system can collect hyperspectral data in VNIR (Visible and Near InfraRed) domain above small study sites (up to about 4 ha) with both high spatial resolution (<10 cm) and high spectral resolution (1.85 nm) and with georectification accuracy on the order of 1 to 2 m.
Analyzing the Decoupling between Rural-to-Urban Migrants and Urban Land Expansion in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Liu Yaolin , Cai Enxiang , Jing Ying , Gong Jie , Wang Zhengyu
Published: January 2018

Rapid urbanization in China has caused a large number of rural-to-urban migrants (RUMs) and rapid urban land expansion (ULE). Understanding the relationship between RUMs and ULE has important implications for urban sustainable development. This study explored the spatial patterns of RUMs and ULE in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014, and analyzed the relationship between the two using a decoupling model. The results show that: (1) a large proportion of the rural population migrated to urban areas in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014, and the distribution of RUMs was uneven: developed areas attracted more RUMs than undeveloped regions; (2) the urban land in Hubei Province increased rapidly from 2009 to 2014, and the urban land use in Hubei Province was extensive and inefficient; (3) the decoupling types between RUMs and ULE in Hubei Province were dominated by expansive negative and weak decoupling; (4) according to the changes in per capita urban land area and decoupling types, the coordination relationship between RUMs and ULE in Hubei Province was divided into eight types, and while the relationship between RUMs and ULE in most areas were coordinated and beneficial to urban land intensive use, the rest were uncoordinated. Finally, reasonable implications for urban sustainable development and new land use policy were put forward.
Irrigation Water Availability and Winter Wheat Abandonment in the North China Plain (NCP): Findings from a Case Study in Cangxian County of Hebei Province
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Xiubin
Published: January 2018

The North China Plain (NCP) is the major winter wheat producing area in China. Abandonment of this crop has, however, become more and more prevalent in this region since the late 1990s. Although the underlying causes of this phenomenon remain little understood, irrigation water availability (IWA) has always been regarded as the key factor limiting winter wheat production on the NCP. The aim of this paper is to determine the role played by IWA in the abandonment of winter wheat, using evidence drawn from a case study in Cangxian County, Hebei Province. First-hand data were collected for this study from 350 households in 35 villages, using semistructured one-on-one questionnaires. Five types of irrigation water sources were defined and identified at the level of individual land plots: “ground and surface water”, “just groundwater”, “just rivers”, “just reservoirs”, and “no irrigation”. These levels correspond to a decreasing trend in the overall frequency of irrigation and thus provide a clear proxy indicator for IWA. The results from a series of multilevel multinomial models show that the higher the IWA, the less likely it is for a land plot to abandon winter wheat. Specifically, using “no irrigation” cases as a control group, the results show that land plots with more sources of irrigation water also tend to be characterized by greater IWA, including “ground and surface water” and “just groundwater”, and also have lower probabilities of abandoning winter wheat. In contrast, land plots with less IWA (less irrigation water sources), including “just reservoirs” and “just rivers”, are more likely to abandon winter wheat. The results also show that, in addition to IWA, soil quality and plot size at the plot level, as well as demographic characteristics, farm equipment, and land fragmentation at the household level and irrigation prices at the village level, all play additional significant roles in the cropping-system decisions made by farmers. A number of suggestions are made in this paper regarding policy implementation related to integrative water management and transferred water reallocation, in order to achieve the twin goals of water conservation and winter wheat production on the NCP.
“Recess” in the Eyes of Primary School Students: Cyprus Case
Authors: Karasel Ayda Nedime , Güneyli Ahmet
Published: January 2018

This study aims to describe what recess is like in the eyes of primary school children. At the basis of the literature of the study, the focus was on the notion of free time, and free time notion was explained based on the Planned Behavior Theory. A mixed research approach is used in the study, from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In the qualitative dimension, students were asked to express what they understood from recess through using metaphors. In the quantitative dimension, “Leisure Satisfaction Scale”, developed by Beard and Ragheb, and adapted to Turkish in 2001, was used. Responses given by students to this scale were analyzed and their level of satisfaction during recess periods was identified. This research was performed at a primary school of the North Cyprus Ministry of National Education during the 2016–2017 academic year, selected in accordance with purposive sampling. A total of 190 students attending the 5th grade in this school constituted the study group of the research. Students consider recess as more of a time for enjoyment, game, and fun, but think it ends too soon. On the other hand, they stated that they achieved satisfaction socially, especially during recess, but, on the contrary, it was observed that their psychological satisfaction stayed at a lower level. A conclusion was also reached that certain variables (having a monitoring teacher, especially during recess periods) affected level of satisfaction of students during recess. In conclusion, based on the findings of this research, it should be stated that both teachers and school administrators have responsibility in enhancing the psychological satisfaction level of students especially during recess periods. It can be said that it will be possible to raise other satisfaction levels (physical, aesthetic, social, etc.) of students by enhancing their psychological satisfaction levels during recess.
An Empirical Study on the Indirect Impact of Flight Delay on China’s Economy
Authors: Chen Yuxiu , Yu Jian , Tsai Sang-Bing , Zhu Jinfu
Published: January 2018

Due to the influence on the sectors and industries that have strong relationships with the air transportation industry, flight delays have a huge impact on China’s economy. In this study, the input–output method and the Ghosh model were used to analyze the indirect economic impacts of flight delays on China’s economy. We also constructed simultaneous demand-fare equations to estimate the direct output of the air industry as a result of flight delay control. The final results showed that the total indirect impact of flight delays on China was Ұ350.71 billion in 2013, stressing the importance of controlling flight delays. Since delay control not only provides direct benefits to passengers and carriers, but also indirectly contributes to regional economies, the efforts benefit the entire Chinese society. The great investment in flight delay governance should be shared among various producing sectors.
Prioritized Aggregation Operators and Correlated Aggregation Operators for Hesitant 2-Tuple Linguistic Variables
Authors: Wang Lidong , Wang Yanjun , Liu Xiaodong
Published: January 2018

The aggregation operator is a potential tool to fuse the information derived from multisources, which has been applied in group decision, combination classification and scheduling clusters successfully. To better characterize complex decision situations and capture complex opinions of decision-makers (DMs), aggregation operators are required to be explored from different viewpoints. In view of information fusion of hesitant 2-tuple linguistic variables, this paper establishes four new aggregation operators, which are called the hesitant 2-tuple linguistic prioritized weighted averaging (H2TLPWA) aggregation operator, hesitant 2-tuple linguistic prioritized weighted geometric (H2TLPWG) aggregation operator, hesitant 2-tuple linguistic correlated averaging (H2TLCA) aggregation operator, and hesitant 2-tuple linguistic correlated geometric (H2TLCG) aggregation operator, respectively. The H2TLPWA aggregation operator and H2TLPWG aggregation operator can characterize the prioritization relationship of the aggregated arguments. The H2TLCA aggregation operator and H2TLCG aggregation operator can describe dependencies between criteria in decision-making problem solving. Moreover all aggregation operation operators have the properties of idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity, and the H2TLCA aggregation operator and H2TLCG aggregation operator are also verified to be symmetric functions. In addition, the H2TLPWA aggregation operator and H2TLCA aggregation operator are employed to settle multicriteria decision-making problems with hesitant 2-tuple linguistic terms. By virtue of predefining discrete initial linguistic labels with symmetrical distribution, the detailed steps of the decision-making process with an example are given to illustrate their practicality and effectiveness.
Contractile Response of Bovine Lateral Saphenous Vein to Ergotamine Tartrate Exposed to Different Concentrations of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Kudupoje Manoj , Klotz James , Yiannikouris Alexandros , Dawson Karl , McLeod Kyle , Vanzant Eric
Published: January 2018

Ergot alkaloids, in their active isomeric form, affect animal health and performance, and adsorbents are used to mitigate toxicities by reducing bioavailability. Adsorbents with high specificity (molecularly imprinted polymers: MIP) adsorb ergot alkaloids in vitro, but require evaluation for biological implications. Using ex vivo myography, synthetic polymers were evaluated for effects on the bioactivity of ergotamine tartrate (ETA). Polymers were first evaluated using isotherms. Lateral saphenous veins were collected from 17 steers for four independent studies: dose response of ETA, adsorbent dose response, validation of pre-myograph incubation conditions and MIP/ non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP) comparison. Norepinephrine normalized percent contractile response to increasing ETA exhibited a sigmoidal dose response (max: 88.47 and log of the effective molar concentration (EC50) (−log [ETA]) of 6.66 ± 0.17 M). Although sample preparation time affected contractile response (p < 0.001), pre-myograph incubation temperature (39 vs. 21 °C, 1 h) had no effect (p > 0.05). Isothermal adsorption showed a maximum adsorption of 3.27E-008 moles·mg−1 and affinity between 0.51 and 0.57 mg (R2: 0.83–0.92) for both polymers, with no significant difference between polymers (p > 0.05). No significant differences in maximum inhibitory (p = 0.96) and IC50 responses (p = 0.163) between MIP and NIP were noticed. Normalized percent contraction could be predicted from the in vitro adsorption data (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.01), for both polymers. These studies indicate that synthetic polymers are potentially effective adsorbents to mitigate ergot toxicity caused by ergot alkaloids, with little evidence of significant differences between MIP and NIP in aqueous media.
A Mouse Model of Enterovirus D68 Infection for Assessment of the Efficacy of Inactivated Vaccine
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Xueyang , Dai Wenlong , Liu Qingwei , Xiong Pei , Wang Shuxia , Geng Lanlan , Gong Sitang , Huang Zhong
Published: January 2018

In recent years, enterovirus D68 (EVD68) has been reported increasingly to be associated with severe respiratory tract infections and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children all over the world. Yet, no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs are currently available for EVD68. Although several experimental animal models have been developed, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated EVD68 vaccines has not been fully evaluated. To promote the development of vaccines, we established an Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model of EVD68 infection in this study. The results showed that ICR neonatal mice up to about nine days of age were susceptible to infection with EVD68 clinical strain US/MO/14-18947 by intraperitoneal injection. The infected mice exhibited progressive limb paralysis prior to death and the mortality of mice was age- and virus dose-dependent. Tissue viral load analysis showed that limb muscle and spinal cord were the major sites of viral replication. Moreover, histopathologic examination revealed the severe necrosis of the limb and juxtaspinal muscles, suggesting that US/MO/14-18947 has a strong tropism toward muscle tissues. Additionally, β-propiolactone-inactivated EVD68 vaccine showed high purity and quality and induced robust EVD68-specific neutralizing antibody responses in adult mice. Importantly, results from both antisera transfer and maternal immunization experiments clearly showed that inactivated EVD68 vaccine was able to protect against lethal viral infection in the mouse model. In short, these results demonstrate the successful establishment of the mouse model of EVD68 infection for evaluating candidate vaccines against EVD68 and also provide important information for the development of inactivated virus-based EVD68 vaccines.
Structural and Functional Basis of the Fidelity of Nucleotide Selection by Flavivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases
Authors: Selisko Barbara , Papageorgiou Nicolas , Ferron François , Canard Bruno
Published: January 2018

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) play a central role not only in viral replication, but also in the genetic evolution of viral RNAs. After binding to an RNA template and selecting 5′-triphosphate ribonucleosides, viral RdRps synthesize an RNA copy according to Watson-Crick base-pairing rules. The copy process sometimes deviates from both the base-pairing rules specified by the template and the natural ribose selectivity and, thus, the process is error-prone due to the intrinsic (in)fidelity of viral RdRps. These enzymes share a number of conserved amino-acid sequence strings, called motifs A–G, which can be defined from a structural and functional point-of-view. A co-relation is gradually emerging between mutations in these motifs and viral genome evolution or observed mutation rates. Here, we review our current knowledge on these motifs and their role on the structural and mechanistic basis of the fidelity of nucleotide selection and RNA synthesis by Flavivirus RdRps.
A Wall Boundary Condition for the Simulation of a Turbulent Non-Newtonian Domestic Slurry in Pipes
Authors: Mehta Dhruv , Thota Radhakrishnan Adithya , Van Lier Jules , Clemens Francois
Published: January 2018

The concentration (using a lesser amount of water) of domestic slurry promotes resource recovery (nutrients and biomass) while saving water. This article is aimed at developing numerical methods to support engineering processes such as the design and implementation of sewerage for concentrated domestic slurry. The current industrial standard for computational fluid dynamics-based analyses of turbulent flows is Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modelling. This is assisted by the wall function approach proposed by Launder and Spalding, which permits the use of under-refined grids near wall boundaries while simulating a wall-bounded flow. Most RANS models combined with wall functions have been successfully validated for turbulent flows of Newtonian fluids. However, our experiments suggest that concentrated domestic slurry shows a Herschel–Bulkley-type non-Newtonian behaviour. Attempts have been made to derive wall functions and turbulence closures for non-Newtonian fluids; however, the resulting laws or equations are either inconsistent across experiments or lack relevant experimental support. Pertinent to this study, laws or equations reported in literature are restricted to a class of non-Newtonian fluids called power law fluids, which, as compared to Herschel–Bulkley fluids, yield at any amount of applied stress. An equivalent law for Herschel–Bulkley fluids that require a minimum-yield stress to flow is yet to be reported in literature. This article presents a theoretically derived (with necessary approximations) law of the wall for Herschel–Bulkley fluids and implements it in a RANS solver using a specified shear approach. This results in a more accurate prediction of the wall shear stress experienced by a circular pipe with a turbulent Herschel–Bulkley fluid flowing through it. The numerical results are compared against data from our experiments and those reported in literature for a range of Reynolds numbers and rheological parameters that are relevant to the prediction of pressure losses in a sewerage transporting non-Newtonian domestic slurry. Nonetheless, the application of this boundary condition could be extended to areas such as chemical and food engineering, wherein turbulent non-Newtonian flows can be found.
Identification of Phytoplankton Blooms under the Index of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP Index) in Optically Complex Waters
Authors: Aguilar-Maldonado Jesús A. , Santamaría-del-Ángel Eduardo , González-Silvera Adriana , Cervantes-Rosas Omar D. , López Lus M. , Gutiérrez-Magness Angélica , Cerdeira-Estrada Sergio , Sebastiá-Frasquet María-Teresa
Published: January 2018

Phytoplankton blooms are sporadic events in time and are isolated in space. This complex phenomenon is produced by a variety of both natural and anthropogenic causes. Early detection of this phenomenon, as well as the classification of a water body under conditions of bloom or non-bloom, remains an unresolved problem. This research proposes the use of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) in optically complex waters to detect the bloom or non-bloom state of the phytoplankton community. An IOP index is calculated from the absorption coefficients of the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the phytoplankton (

phy

) and the detritus (d), using the wavelength (λ) 443 nm. The effectiveness of this index is tested in five bloom events in different places and with different characteristics from Mexican seas: 1. Dzilam (Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean), a diatom bloom (Rhizosolenia hebetata); 2. Holbox (Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean), a mixed bloom of dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella sp.) and diatoms (Chaetoceros sp.); 3. Campeche Bay in the Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic Ocean), a bloom of dinoflagellates (Karenia brevis); 4. Upper Gulf of California (UGC) (Pacific Ocean), a diatom bloom (Coscinodiscus and Pseudo-nitzschia) and 5. Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada (Pacific Ocean), a dinoflagellate bloom (Lingulodinium polyedrum). The diversity of sites show that the IOP index is a suitable method to determine the phytoplankton bloom conditions.
Sexual orientation disclosure in health care: a systematic review
Authors: Brooks Hannah , Llewellyn Carrie D , Nadarzynski Tom , Pelloso Fernando Castilho , De Souza Guilherme Felipe , Pollard Alex , Jones Christina J
Published: January 2018

Background

Significant health disparities between sexual minority individuals (that is, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender [LGBT]) and heterosexual individuals have been demonstrated.

Aim

To understand the barriers and facilitators to sexual orientation (SO) disclosure experienced by LGBT adults in healthcare settings.

Design and setting

Mixed methods systematic review, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods papers following PRISMA guidelines.

Method

Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and a qualitative synthesis was performed. Studies were included if their participants were aged ≥18 years who either identified as LGBT, had a same-sex sexual relationship, or were attracted to a member of the same sex.

Results

The review included 31 studies representing 2442 participants. Four overarching themes were identified as barriers or facilitators to SO disclosure: the moment of disclosure, the expected outcome of disclosure, the healthcare professional, and the environment or setting of disclosure. The most prominent themes were the perceived relevance of SO to care, the communication skills and language used by healthcare professionals, and the fear of poor treatment or reaction to disclosure.

Conclusion

The facilitators and barriers to SO disclosure by LGBT individuals are widespread but most were modifiable and could therefore be targeted to improve healthcare professionals’ awareness of their patients’ SO. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the broad range of factors that influence SO disclosure and the potential disadvantageous effects of non-disclosure on care. The environment in which patients are seen should be welcoming of different SOs as well as ensuring that healthcare professionals’ communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, are accepting and inclusive.
The Transit Light Source Effect: False Spectral Features and Incorrect Densities for M-dwarf Transiting Planets
Authors: Rackham Benjamin V. , Apai Dániel , Giampapa Mark S.
Published: January 2018

Transmission spectra are differential measurements that utilize stellar illumination to probe transiting exoplanet atmospheres. Any spectral difference between the illuminating light source and the disk-integrated stellar spectrum due to starspots and faculae will be imprinted in the observed transmission spectrum. However, few constraints exist for the extent of photospheric heterogeneities in M dwarfs. Here we model spot and faculae covering fractions consistent with observed photometric variabilities for M dwarfs and the associated 0.3–5.5 μm stellar contamination spectra. We find that large ranges of spot and faculae covering fractions are consistent with observations and corrections assuming a linear relation between variability amplitude, and covering fractions generally underestimate the stellar contamination. Using realistic estimates for spot and faculae covering fractions, we find that stellar contamination can be more than 10× larger than the transit depth changes expected for atmospheric features in rocky exoplanets. We also find that stellar spectral contamination can lead to systematic errors in radius and therefore the derived density of small planets. In the case of the TRAPPIST-1 system, we show that TRAPPIST-1's rotational variability is consistent with spot covering fractions

and faculae covering fractions

. The associated stellar contamination signals alter the transit depths of the TRAPPIST-1 planets at wavelengths of interest for planetary atmospheric species by roughly 1–15×  the strength of planetary features, significantly complicating JWST follow-up observations of this system. Similarly, we find that stellar contamination can lead to underestimates of the bulk densities of the TRAPPIST-1 planets of

, thus leading to overestimates of their volatile contents.
On the Impact Origin of Phobos and Deimos. III. Resulting Composition from Different Impactors
Authors: Pignatale Francesco C. , Charnoz Sébastien , Rosenblatt Pascal , Hyodo Ryuki , Nakamura Tomoki , Genda Hidenori
Published: January 2018

The origin of Phobos and Deimos in a giant impact-generated disk is gaining larger attention. Although this scenario has been the subject of many studies, an evaluation of the chemical composition of the Mars’s moons in this framework is missing. The chemical composition of Phobos and Deimos is unconstrained. The large uncertainties about the origin of the mid-infrared features; the lack of absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared spectra; and the effects of secondary processes on the moons’ surfaces make the determination of their composition very difficult using remote sensing data. Simulations suggest a formation of a disk made of gas and melt with their composition linked to the nature of the impactor and Mars. Using thermodynamic equilibrium, we investigate the composition of dust (condensates from gas) and solids (from a cooling melt) that result from different types of Mars impactors (Mars-, CI-, CV-, EH-, and comet-like). Our calculations show a wide range of possible chemical compositions and noticeable differences between dust and solids, depending on the considered impactors. Assuming that Phobos and Deimos resulted from the accretion and mixing of dust and solids, we find that the derived assemblage (dust-rich in metallic iron, sulfides and/or carbon, and quenched solids rich in silicates) can be compatible with the observations. The JAXA’s Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will investigate the physical and chemical properties of Phobos and Deimos, especially sampling from Phobos, before returning to Earth. Our results could be then used to disentangle the origin and chemical composition of the pristine body that hit Mars and suggest guidelines for helping in the analysis of the returned samples.
Mottled Protoplanetary Disk Ionization by Magnetically Channeled T Tauri Star Energetic Particles
Authors: Fraschetti F. , Drake J. J. , Cohen O. , Garraffo C.
Published: January 2018

The evolution of protoplanetary disks is believed to be driven largely by angular momentum transport resulting from magnetized disk winds and turbulent viscosity. The ionization of the disk that is essential for these processes has been thought to be due to host star coronal X-rays but could also arise from energetic particles produced by coronal flares, or traveling shock waves, and advected by the stellar wind. We have performed test-particle numerical simulations of energetic protons propagating into a realistic T Tauri stellar wind, including a superposed small-scale magnetostatic turbulence. The isotropic (Kolmogorov power spectrum) turbulent component is synthesized along the individual particle trajectories. We have investigated the energy range [0.1–10] GeV, consistent with expectations from Chandra X-ray observations of large flares on T Tauri stars and recent indications by the Herschel
Space Observatory of a significant contribution of energetic particles to the disk ionization of young stars. In contrast with a previous theoretical study finding a dominance of energetic particles over X-rays in the ionization throughout the disk, we find that the disk ionization is likely dominated by X-rays over much of its area, except within narrow regions where particles are channeled onto the disk by the strongly tangled and turbulent magnetic field. The radial thickness of such regions is 5 stellar radii close to the star and broadens with increasing radial distance. This likely continues out to large distances from the star (10 au or greater), where particles can be copiously advected and diffused by the turbulent wind.
First Results from the Herschel and ALMA Spectroscopic Surveys of the SMC: The Relationship between [C ii]-bright Gas and CO-bright Gas at Low Metallicity*
Authors: Jameson Katherine E. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Wolfire Mark , Warren Steven R. , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Croxall Kevin , Pellegrini Eric , Smith John-David , Rubio Monica , Indebetouw Remy , Israel Frank P. , Meixner Margaret , Roman-Duval Julia , van Loon Jacco Th. , Muller Erik , Verdugo Celia , Zinnecker Hans , Okada Yoko
Published: January 2018

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) provides the only laboratory to study the structure of molecular gas at high resolution and low metallicity. We present results from the Herschel Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (HS3), which mapped the key far-IR cooling lines [C ii], [O i], [N ii], and [O iii] in five star-forming regions, and new ALMA 7 m array maps of

and

with coverage overlapping four of the five HS3 regions. We detect [C ii] and [O i] throughout all of the regions mapped. The data allow us to compare the structure of the molecular clouds and surrounding photodissociation regions using

,

, [C ii], and [O i] emission at

(

pc) scales. We estimate

using far-IR thermal continuum emission from dust and find that the CO/[C ii] ratios reach the Milky Way value at high

in the centers of the clouds and fall to

the Milky Way value in the outskirts, indicating the presence of translucent molecular gas not traced by bright

emission. We estimate the amount of molecular gas traced by bright [C ii] emission at low

and bright

emission at high

. We find that most of the molecular gas is at low

and traced by bright [C ii] emission, but that faint

emission appears to extend to where we estimate that the

-to-H i transition occurs. By converting our

gas estimates to a CO-to-

conversion factor (X
CO), we show that X
CO is primarily a function of

, consistent with simulations and models of low-metallicity molecular clouds.
ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus
Authors: Imanishi 今 Masatoshi 西昌俊 , Nakanishi 中 Kouichiro 西康一郎 , Izumi 泉 Takuma 拓磨 , Wada 和 Keiichi 田桂一
Published: January 2018

We present the results of our ALMA Cycle 4 high-spatial-resolution (0.″04–0.″07) observations, at HCN J = 3–2 and HCO+
J = 3–2 lines, of the nucleus of NGC 1068, the nearby prototypical type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN). Our previous ALMA observations identified the compact emission of these lines at the putative location of the torus around a mass-accreting supermassive black hole. We now report that we have detected the rotation of this compact emission, with the eastern and western sides being redshifted and blueshifted, respectively. Unlike the previously reported CO J = 6–5 emission, both the morphological and dynamical alignments of the HCN J = 3–2 and HCO+
J = 3–2 emission are roughly along the east–west direction (i.e., the expected torus direction), suggesting that these molecular lines are better probes of a rotating dense molecular gas component in the torus. The western part of the torus exhibits larger velocity dispersion and stronger emission in the HCN J = 3–2 and HCO+
J = 3–2 lines than the eastern part, revealing a highly inhomogeneous molecular torus. The dense molecular gas in the torus and that of the host galaxy at 0.″5–2.″0 from the AGN along the torus direction are found to be counter-rotating, suggesting an external process happened in the past at the NGC 1068 nucleus.
Vladimir Poutine : une représentation géopolitique ? De l’image à l’usage
Authors: Filler André , Filimonov Dimitry
Published: January 2018

La présente étude se propose d’analyser le rôle joué par l’image de Vladimir Poutine dans la construction des représentations géopolitiques de la Russie contemporaine. Elle cherche à établir le rôle de l’image de l’« homme fort » du pouvoir russe dans le spectre de constructions idéologiques visant à minimiser le risque d’alternance brutale au sommet de l’État. Nous soutenons que, contrairement aux modèles « autoritaires » classiques, l’image du président incarnant le territoire de l’État n’obéit pas à une logique stricte de propagande à vecteur unique, mais concentre le lieu de rencontre entre les intérêts des élites et les aspirations des masses. Une typologie des techniques assurant cette iconographie consensuelle est convoquée afin de démontrer de façon empirique les mécanismes variés de l’élaboration de la représentation poutinienne. Ces productions s’inscrivent dans une logique que nous qualifions de power branding visant à « labelliser » l’exercice du pouvoir au-delà des facteurs individuels ou du cadre strict de la fonction suprême. Devenue un « produit » partagé par les élites pragmatiques et les masses, romantiques, l’image de Vladimir Poutine incarne par la suite l’origine politique de l’action géopolitique russe.
L’Église orthodoxe russe : nationalisme ou universalité ?
Authors: Mitrofanova Anastasia
Published: January 2018

Le présent article se donne pour objectif de démontrer la pluralité d’opinions et d’actions politiques au sein de l’Église russe orthodoxe. Contrairement à une représentation répandue et relayée par les médias de l’Église russe uniquement comme concentration des mouvances les plus obscurantistes et conservatrices de la Russie postsoviétique, l’étude démontre un corps historique à vocation politique et géopolitique majeur, ayant du mal à trouver sa voie et sa voix. Pris en tenailles par les deux extrêmes : le nationalisme ethnique et l’universalisme déculturé, le gouvernement ecclésial se trouve dans la position délicate de devoir fédérer des évêques, des clercs et des fidèles actifs, voire militants dont les positions se substituent à celle exprimée par les organes de gouvernance et le patriarche. Par ailleurs, une autre représentation tenace se voit mise en question par la présente étude : celle d’une relation symbiotique entre l’Église et l’État. Bien que les deux soient séparés du point de vue constitutionnel, leurs rapports sont plus complexes que le donnent à voir les analyses superficielles : l’Église ne suit pas toujours l’action géopolitique de l’État (notamment dans le conflit ukrainien), l’État peut faire barrage à la mainmise de l’Église sur des questions sociétales. Dans l’ensemble, l’Église russe reste la proie de ses contradictions internes et externes que la présente étude met en exergue.
De Pierre le Grand à Vladimir Poutine : géopolitique du territoire intermétropolitain Moscou-Saint-Pétersbourg
Authors: Pawlotsky Vladimir
Published: January 2018

Depuis la création de Saint-Pétersbourg en 1703, les dirigeants russes ont cherché, au nom du principe de modernisation du pays, à développer des infrastructures de transport entre la capitale impériale et Moscou. Actuellement, les autorités font le pari de la grande vitesse et ont déployé un dispositif ferroviaire et autoroutier permettant de relier Moscou à Saint-Pétersbourg en un temps record. Néanmoins, les populations du territoire intermétropolitain entre Moscou et Saint-Pétersbourg ne bénéficient pas – dans leur grande majorité – de ces infrastructures et, même, souffrent de la primauté de celles-ci sur les réseaux locaux de transport. L’article entend analyser, en retraçant la généalogie de l’aménagement du territoire intermétropolitain, l’actuelle stratégie des autorités en matière d’infrastructure de transport.
Anatomie de la diplomatie culturelle russe à l’ère postsoviétique
Authors: Audinet Maxime
Published: January 2018

L’article s’intéresse aux caractéristiques de la diplomatie culturelle mise en place en Russie postsoviétique depuis la fin des années 2000. Il suit une approche centrée sur ses deux principaux instruments, l’agence fédérale Rossotrudničestvo et la fondation Russkij Mir, en étudiant leurs mécanismes institutionnels, les documents officiels régissant leur action, les ressorts de leur internationalisation et les discours de leurs dirigeants. La diplomatie culturelle russe se présente en définitive comme une politique d’influence administrée par la puissance publique et alignée sur les priorités diplomatiques et idéologiques du gouvernement russe.
Les nouvelles formes de participation des personnes accompagnées dans les instances de gouvernance et dans les formations
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: January 2018

Le législateur a donné, en 2002 et en 2005, une place centrale à la participation sociale : elle est devenue une exigence majeure, qui vise la réalisation complète des droits des « usagers », en attendant l’exercice abouti d’une citoyenneté pleine et entière, mais qui, dans le même temps, renvoie à une autre logique que celle du simple respect de normes juridiques. Ainsi, l’application des obligations règlementaires en matière de participation dans la vie des établissements et services sociaux et médico-sociaux n’est qu’une étape. Pour le Haut Conseil du travail social, il importe d’aller plus loin, en permettant la participation des personnes accompagnées aux instances de gouvernance et à la formation des travailleurs sociaux.
Injonction participative ou empowerment ? Les enjeux de la participation
Authors: Carrel Marion
Published: January 2018

La démocratie participative se résume bien souvent à de l’injonction participative : une offre institutionnelle descendante et contreproductive pour enrayer la crise démocratique. La participation citoyenne peut cependant être un levier efficace – et révolutionnaire – pour régénérer la démocratie, toujours en chantier. Sous certaines conditions, elle peut renouveler les politiques publiques sur un mode ascendant, en s’appuyant sur l’expertise des personnes concernées et la codécision. Elle peut stimuler l’interpellation des institutions et l’émancipation des personnes, en particulier les plus précaires et éloignées de la parole publique. Aujourd’hui, elle peut et doit compter avec de nouveaux partenaires, les acteurs communautaires.
Innovations et engagement des travailleurs sociaux en faveur du développement du pouvoir d’agir
Authors: Deverchère Nelly
Published: January 2018

Dans l’action publique, la notion de participation renvoie à deux conceptions littéralement opposées : d’un côté, la conception néolibérale qui tend à activer et à responsabiliser les individus pour les rendre acteurs de leur accompagnement ; de l’autre, la conception solidaire qui entend favoriser le développement social et le pouvoir d’agir des personnes accompagnées. Tandis que dans la première conception, la posture d’expert du travailleur social ne semble pas être remise en cause, la seconde conception invite, à l’inverse, les professionnels à renouveler en profondeur leurs interventions vers un « travail social en résonance ». Cet article s’intéresse particulièrement à des pratiques participatives de travailleurs sociaux au sein de services publics départementaux d’action sociale qui s’engagent en faveur du développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes accompagnées. Comment ces travailleurs sociaux, acteurs d’une réalité concrète mais isolée, parviennent-ils à transformer leur posture professionnelle traditionnelle pour permettre la participation effective des personnes à leur accompagnement ?
Participation de tous : passer des intentions aux actes
Authors: Cometti Edwige
Published: January 2018

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la participation à partir d’expériences conduites au sein d’un organisme de formation en travail social et co-construites entre étudiants, personnes accompagnées, travailleurs sociaux et personnels pédagogiques. Une partie de l’article est consacrée plus particulièrement à l’une de ces expériences, à savoir l’organisation d’une journée d’étude pour identifier les freins et les leviers à la participation et au développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes. Au regard de cette expérience et d’une autre réalisée plus récemment, plusieurs enseignements sont développés qui viennent questionner notamment le regard porté sur les personnes accompagnées, la reconnaissance des savoirs issus de l’expérience et les enjeux d’une pédagogie qui s’appuie sur l’expérimentation.
La participation des personnes usagères et des proches à la formation : l’expérience de l’école de travail social de l’université de Sherbrooke au Québec
Authors: Morin Paul
Published: January 2018

L’école de travail social de l’université de Sherbrooke a pris comme orientation à l’automne 2015 de développer la participation des usagers et des proches dans son parcours de professionnalisation qui conduit au diplôme de baccalauréat en service social après trois années d’université. Comme l’attestent diverses expériences européennes, il s’agit d’un choix qui exige de relever divers défis. L’expérience de Sherbrooke se déroule de plus dans un contexte institutionnel très différent de la France puisque aucun texte règlementaire ne soutient une telle démarche.
Impact of beneficial bacteria supplementation on the gut microbiota, colony development and productivity of Apis mellifera L.
Authors: Alberoni D. , Baffoni L. , Gaggìa F. , Ryan P.M. , Murphy K. , Ross P.R. , Stanton C. , Di Gioia D.
Published: January 2018

Honey bees are important pollinators of several crops and ecosystems, having a great ecological and economic value. In Europe, the restricted use of chemicals and therapeutic agents in the beekeeping sector has stimulated the search for natural alternatives with a special focus on gut symbionts. The modulation of the gut microbiota has been recognised as a practical and successful approach in the entomological field for the management of insect-related problems. To date, only a few studies have investigated the effect of bacterial supplementation on the health status of colonies, colony productivity and gut symbionts. To this purpose, a preparation of sugar syrup containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from bee gut was sprayed on the frames of an apiary located in open field once a week for four weeks. Treated and control hives were monitored for two months for brood extension, honey and pollen harvest. The presence of beneficial gut microorganisms within bee gut was investigated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and next generation sequencing. The administered bacteria led to a significant increase of brood population (46.2%), pollen (53.4%) and harvestable honey in honey supers (59.21%). Analysis of the gut microbiota on the new generation of bees in treated hives showed an increase in relative abundance of Acetobacteraceae and Bifidobacterium spp., which are known to be involved in bee nutrition and protection.
An investigation of bra concerns and barriers to participation in horse riding
Authors: Burbage J. , Cameron L.J.
Published: January 2018

Horse riding is a female-dominated sport where participation levels are declining. The influence of the breast on participation levels and current satisfaction with bras for this activity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate bra concerns and breast-related barriers to participation in horse riding. A 6-part, 32 question online survey was completed by 1,324 females who participated in horse riding. Descriptive and chi-squared analyses were utilised; inductive content analysis was completed to analyse qualitative responses. At least one breast-related barrier was reported by 25% of all participants. Larger-breasted riders were less satisfied (P<0.001) with their bras. 70% of riders stated that improvements needed to be made in bras to help reduce breast health issues, with support, style and fit the most common reasons cited. This study highlights the importance of addressing breast-related barriers and provides rationale for the development of equestrian-specific breast support garments and educational initiatives.
Mycotoxins in Southeast Asian aquaculture: plant-based meals and finished feeds
Authors: Gonçalves R.A. , Hofstetter U. , Schatzmayr D. , Jenkins T.
Published: January 2018

The awareness of mycotoxin-related issues in aquaculture industry has grown as manufacturers and producers realise the importance of mycotoxins, beyond aflatoxin, and their potential to impact production. During a period of one year (January 2016 – December 2016), 175 samples of different plant proteins, aquaculture/fishery by-products and finished aquaculture feeds, were analysed. Samples were tested for aflatoxins (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2); zearalenone; type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON); nivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and fusarenon X-glucoside); fumonisins (fumonisin B1, B2 and B3); type A trichothecenes (T-2 and HT-2 toxin; diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol); and ochratoxin A. All samples were sourced in Southeast Asia. Within the analysed samples, 4% were free of detectable mycotoxins. 8% of the samples had one mycotoxin and 88% of the samples were contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. The current work show similarity to previous studies, that mycotoxin occurrence in plant-meals, and consequently in finished feeds, is quite variable and confirms that aflatoxin is not the main mycotoxin in aquafeeds. Mycotoxin occurrence in fish and shrimp feeds in the present samples were higher than reported in previous studies for the same region. In samples of shrimp feed with DON detected, the mean average DON level was 882 μg/kg with a maximum level of 2,287 μg/kg. These values are within the reported sensitivity levels of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Despite the limited number and short period of sampling, this inventory study helps address a knowledge gap of mycotoxin occurrence in feeds specifically destined for the aquaculture industry.