bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of measuring the coefficients of transmission and reflection of materials in the presence of random errors in the formation of fields
Authors: Emelyanov Evgeny S. , Kiryanov Oleg E. , Ponkin Victor A.
Published: July 2023

Background. One of the characteristic features of the current stage in the development of military equipment is the widespread use of special structural materials and coatings with specified properties of interaction with electromagnetic fields, which are subject to measurement during production and operation. Most often, measurements are carried out in quasi-flat radiation and reception fields. At the same time, the regularities of the influence of random errors in the formation of flat fields on the accuracy of measuring the characteristics of special structural materials and coatings have not been studied enough. Aim. The purpose of this work is to establish quantitative patterns of the influence of random phase errors in the formation of flat fields on the errors in measuring the transmission and reflection coefficients of materials and coatings. Methods. Studies of the influence of random phase errors in the formation of flat fields of irradiation and signal reception on the accuracy of measuring the transmission and reflection coefficients of objects were carried out using the methods of mathematical modeling and statistical radio engineering. Results. Calculation relations are obtained for estimating the magnitude of errors in measuring the transmission and reflection coefficients. Conclusion. With small errors and a small interval of spatial correlation, the errors of the measured average values of the transmission and reflection coefficients are proportional to the errors in the formation of the irradiation and reception fields and the relative value of the spatial correlation interval must exceed 22 degrees.
Profitability and Market on Stock Returns in Mining Companies on The Indonesia Sharia Stock Index for the 2016 - 2020 Periods
Authors: Sucipto Sucipto , Siregar Erwin Saputra , Mariyani Mariyani
Published: July 2023

Returns on stocks are the benefits businesses, individuals, and organizations receive directly from their investment decisions. Every short or long-term investment has one primary goal: to generate a profit, also known as a return. This can happen in either a direct or indirect manner. This study aimed to test and collect empirical data on the impact of ROA, ROE, EPS, and PER on stock returns. Panel data regression was used, and the research data came from each mining firm's annual reports and financial statements included in the Indonesian sharia stock index from 2016 to 2020. So, according to the findings of this study, ROA, ROE, and PER have a significant beneficial impact. Quite large on stock returns because the company's management can manage ROA, ROE, and PER effectively to create high profits, encouraging investors to invest. Meanwhile, EPS does not significantly affect stock returns because companies with low earnings per share do not accurately reflect the profits that investors will get, thus making investors less interested in investing their capital. Simultaneously ROA, ROE, EPS, and PER affect stock returns.
Distribution of Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqa Funds to Poverty in Indonesia
Authors: Khoirunniswah Qonita , Meylianingrum Kurniawati , Mounadil Abdelaziz
Published: July 2023

Poverty is an important problem that can affect the global economy, including Indonesia. The number of poverty in Indonesia is still very fluctuating, while the acquisition of zakah and infaq continues to increase from year to year. The main target in the distribution of zakah and infaq funds is to reduce to alleviate poverty. This study aims to determine the effect of zakah and infaq on poverty in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research showed that zakah had a significant negative influence on poverty. Infaq also has a significant negative effect on poverty. Simultaneously, zakah and infaq have a significant effect on poverty.
Islamic Commercial Bank Performance: The Nexuses by Financial Ratios, Macro Economics, And Financial Technology
Authors: Nurlaili Rahma , Miranti Titis
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between various factors and the performance of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia over the next 12 periods. The variables considered include Non-Performing Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Insolvency-risk, Inflation, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. The research methodology employed is a quantitative approach with a descriptive analysis. The sampling technique utilized is saturated sampling, resulting in a total of 96 data points. The findings indicate that the Non-Performing Assets (NPA) variable has a significant impact on Return on Assets (ROA), while the ROA variable does not significantly affect the NPA variable. Additionally, the inflation variable does not have a statistically significant effect on ROA, and vice versa. In the short term, the variables that influence bank performance are NPA, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Insolvency-risk, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. In the long term, significant factors influencing bank performance are NPA, Insolvency-risk, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) test demonstrates that ROA shows a positive response to the impact of NPA, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Inflation, Financial Technology, and Bank Size, while it exhibits a negative response to shocks caused by inflation. Throughout the study period, the variable with the greatest contribution remains Financial Technology, followed by other variables. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to provide insights for future policy implementation and decision-making within companies
Comparison of Child Sexual Abuse Knowledge and Attitude Levels of Parents of Special Needs Children with Normally Developing Children
Authors: KAÇAN Havva , GÜMÜŞ Funda , YILDIZ Eren
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to compare parents' knowledge and attitudes of children with special needs and normally developing children about child sexual abuse. The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design, and the sample consisted of 228 parents, including 153 parents of normal children and 75 parents of children with special needs. Personal Information Form and Child Abuse Knowledge/Attitude Scale for Parents were used to collect the data. The only independent variable with explanatory power on the level of Child Abuse Knowledge and Attitude was found to be educational status. In the model created with this variable, educational status explained 2.9% of the variation on the total score of the Child Abuse Knowledge and Attitude Scale. Ninety-four point eight percent of the parents had no previous education about sexual abuse against children but were informed about it. Parents' knowledge and attitudes towards sexual abuse were significantly affected by the educational status of the parents. In this context, awareness should be increased through school-based programs organized by mental health professionals.
AMENAZA SÍSMICA CON EFECTOS DE SITIO Y ANÁLISIS DE RECURRENCIA DE INTENSIDADES PARA CARACAS
Authors: Hernández Hernández Julio Javier , Schmitz Michael
Published: July 2023

Se expone una comparación entre la amenaza sísmica de Caracas, considerando efectos de sitio, y la recurrencia de intensidades macrosísmicas en el centro de la ciudad. La primera fue estudiada en roca para su microzonificación sísmica con actualizaciones del modelo sismogénico, y para la norma sísmica. Se aplica al cálculo de las respuestas espectrales del centro de Caracas caracterizado por tres microzonas con efectos de sitio, con un promedio de las evaluaciones más sus incertidumbres para varios periodos de retorno. Se recopila la historia de intensidades de la ciudad y se revisan las intensidades de los mayores terremotos que la han afectado, presentando un análisis de recurrencia que estima periodos de retorno de cada intensidad. Se estudia la correlación entre las intensidades y las aceleraciones y velocidades pico del terreno, a partir de datos mundiales, derivando funciones que las vinculan, incluyentes de sus incertidumbres. Mediante ellas se asocian respuestas espectrales a las intensidades de varios periodos de retorno para comparar con las provenientes de los resultados de amenaza, encontrando un buen acuerdo entre ambos estudios. Se estiman las intensidades sísmicas probables en sitios representativos de la ciudad (cerros, centro y cuenca profunda). Es de esperar una intensidad de 7.5 u 8 en el centro entre 2024 y 2060, que afecte las construcciones de la ciudad, mostrando la necesidad de un plan de mitigación del riesgo sísmico.
Influence of Occupational Stress on Quality Family Relationship among Clergy: A Case of Christ is the Answer Ministries, Kenya
Authors: Makena Veronica Kaari , Wambugu Anne G. , Chiroma Nathan H.
Published: July 2023

The role of clergy can be demanding, as they are tasked with providing spiritual guidance and support to their congregation. This responsibility can result in occupational stress, which can affect the clergy and their family relationships. This study investigated the influence of occupational stress on quality family relationships among clergy in Christ Is the Answer Ministries, Kenya (CITAM). A pragmatist lens which informs the adoption of mixed methods research design was used. Out of a sample size of 135, 115 respondents comprising 57 pastors, 40 spouses, and 18 children participated in the study. Ethical considerations were adhered to by receiving the necessary approvals and licenses before commencing the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and focus group discussions which were all done online. Quantitative data were analyzed using the linear regression technique in SPSS Version 28 and presented through tables. The qualitative data were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach with the identification of key themes. Findings showed that the clergy families have high-quality family relationships (x̅=3.4635, x = .37655). Thematic analysis revealed that having intentionality and maintaining clear boundaries between work and personal life would help clergy improve the quality of their family relationships. The study recommended that churches should collaborate with family therapists to offer therapy sessions to all members of the clergy.
DeFi, Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: Proposing a Global Money Matrix for the Blockchain Era
Authors: Tayazime Jihane , Moutahaddib Aziz
Published: July 2023

Unlike early civilizations with an entire economy built around agriculture and the practicality of the barter system, today's complex economies require immediate, low-cost transactions.  The digitalization of transactions is helping economies develop through various new assets and currencies. The appearance of  DeFi, CBDC’s, and many blockchain based systems has created a bit of a debate among researchers.  Consequently, the matter maintains a certain ambiguity, which requires more research. In this paper, we will be discussing how blockchain is revolutionizing the financial sector, by creating decentralized finance and central banks’ digital currencies. We will then propose a new global money matrix starting with a short literature review of existing definitions and categorizations since there still is a lack of understanding and standardization of currency categories, especially digital currencies. Then we will do the same for CBDC by categorizing it by component: participants, categories, and application scenarios.
Effets du Niveau d’Instruction de la Mère sur l’État Nutritionnel des Enfants de Moins de Cinq ans au Bénin
Authors: Attanasso Marie Odile , Adéchinan Aminou Fawaz A. , Hounkpevi Patrice Konassou
Published: July 2023

Se basant sur la théorie de l’allocation du temps de Becker (1965), cet article vise à examiner les effets du niveau d’instruction de la mère sur l’état nutritionnel des enfants de moins de cinq ans au Bénin. Utilisant les données issues de l’enquête démographique et de santé (EDSB-V) de 2018 portant sur un échantillon de 11631 enfants de moins de cinq ans, il adopte une stratégie d’estimation qui contrôle le biais de sélection et l’endogénéité potentielle du niveau d’instruction de la mère pour examiner l’effet du niveau d’instruction de la mère sur l’état nutritionnel de l’enfant. Les résultats indiquent que l’instruction de la mère est un facteur déterminant de l’état nutritionnel des enfants au Bénin. L’effet est plus important et robuste sur le retard de croissance, l’insuffisance pondérale et l’émaciation. Aussi, le niveau d’instruction des mères nécessaire pour faire la réduction significative de la malnutrition infantile est-il au moins le niveau secondaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les politiques de scolarisation des femmes doivent être incorporées dans les stratégies nationales de nutrition.

 

Based on a theory of the allocation of time Becker (1965), this study aims to examine the effects of the mother’s education level on the children’s nutritional status under five in Benin. Using data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (EDSB-V) on a sample of 11.631 children under the age of five, this work adopts an estimation strategy that controls for selection bias and potential endogeneity of the mother's education level to examine the effect of the mother's education and children's nutritional status. The findings indicate that the mother’s education is a determining factor in the children’s nutritional status in Benin. The effect is larger and more robust on stunting, underweight, and wasting. In addition, the mother’s education level needed to make significant reductions in child malnutrition is at least high school. The obtained results show that women’s education policies must be incorporated into national nutrition strategies.
Effecsts of Uncertainty on Domestic Private Inevestments in Kenya
Authors: Mmeri Ambetsa Nelson , Ongeri B. Onkoba , Ndolo David Katuta
Published: July 2023

Domestic private investment serves as a prerequisite for the development and modernization of any economy. In Kenya, macroeconomic and political uncertainties play a significant role in influencing private domestic investments. This is informed by the fact that these investments allow investors to fund ventures, which creates jobs and increase government revenues through taxation. Hence, it boosts the growth of the economy and improves the living standards of the people. However, private domestic investments are severely affected by both macroeconomic and political uncertainties about how the government formulates political, economic, and regulatory policies that affect the business climate. Investors are risk-averse; hence they base investment decisions on prevailing and future conditions of the business environment. This paper focuses on analyzing the effects of uncertainty on Kenya’s domestic private investments. The study estimated the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds technique which captures both short and long-run dynamics of this relationship among the variables. Time series data from UNCTAD, the World Bank, and the Central Bank of Kenya for the period spanning 1980 to the year 2019 was used.  The study results suggest that real GDP (RGDP) and real effective exchange rates (REER) have a significant and positive effect on private domestic investment (PDI). In contrast, inflation (INFL), Real interest rates (RINR), Political uncertainty (PRI), and WUIKEN (economic policy uncertainty and volatility in the stock markets) have a negative and significant effect on private domestic investments. Based on these results, the most significant factors affecting private domestic investments were found to be political uncertainty (PRI), real gross domestic product (RGDP), and WUIKEN (economic policy uncertainty and volatility in the stock markets). Effectively, the study recommends that the government should enact policies that increase the ease of doing business and reduce economic and political uncertainty, such as a reduction in the tax rate, stabilization of the exchange rate, and stable political environment to reduce investor uncertainty and skepticism and also to enhance their confidence.
The Determinants of East African Economic Growth
Authors: Murungi Silveria Mukwandiga , Okiro Kenneth , Nyamute Winnie , Oleche Martine
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on examining the effect of government external debt on economic growth, investigating the effect of interest rate on economic growth, establishing the effect of government domestic debt on economic growth, and examining the effect of budget deficit on economic growth. The study was carried out for three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, over the study period of 1980-2019. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) Panel Approach was used to specifically establish the effect of government external debt, interest rate, government domestic debt, and budget deficit on economic growth. Pooled Mean Estimator (PMG) was used to estimate both the general and full sample model. The results showed that in the long run, government external debt and interest rate had negative but not statistically significant effect on economic growth for the three countries. On the other hand, government domestic debt and budget deficit had positive effect but not statistically significant effect on economic growth. The results of the short term showed that government external debt, government domestic debt, and budget deficit had a negative but not statistically significant effect on economic growth for the three countries, while interest rate had a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth for the three countries. Firstly, in order to achieve a positive economic growth, it is recommended that the East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, should design and implement debt, interest rates, and budget deficit policies to fit and align with other macroeconomics policies. Secondly, they should restrain their expenditure to sustainable levels to maintain a balanced if not surplus budget. Thirdly, they should endeavor to put economic and legal framework in place to eradicate corruption of public funds. Fourthly, they should design and implement policies to broaden tax base to support a balance budget. Fifthly, the governments should avoid a crowding through huge borrowings in the domestic market at the expense of the private sector.
Usage des TIC dans l’Approvisionnement de la Région du Haut-sassandra en Produits Carburants
Authors: Fulgence Konan Amani , Kouassi Évariste Tanou Yoboué , Aloko-N’Guessan Jérome
Published: July 2023

En Côte d’Ivoire, les produits pétroliers convoyés et distribués aux populations dans la région du Haut-Sassandra sont issus des entités portuaires d’Abidjan. Depuis ces dernières décennies, les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) régulent les flux pétroliers acheminés aux usagers. Néanmoins, les actes traditionnels dans la satisfaction des utilisateurs des produits carburants peinent à connaitre une réelle amélioration. Cette étude se propose de montrer l’impact des TIC dans le processus d’acheminement de ces frets pétroliers d’Abidjan vers le Haut-Sassandra. Suite à la recherche documentaire, l’enquête de terrain est axée sur une série d’entretien avec des marketeurs, des pompistes, des transporteurs de camions citernes et des automobilistes. Ainsi, dans le processus de diffusion des produits carburants dans le Haut-Sassandra, les TIC permettent la disparition des barrières physiques et spatio-temporelles. Excepté le contact permanent entre les acteurs du réseau de distribution, la téléphonie mobile et le GPS sont indéniables pour anticiper d’éventuelles pénuries à la station-service. Cette présence régulière de produits carburants dans la région du Haut-Sassandra accroit ainsi les profits pécuniaires de ces promoteurs. Mais, malgré l’avènement des TIC dans le paysage ivoirien, les structures étatiques peinent à suivre et contrôler en temps réel les trafics pétroliers des entités vers les régions nationales.

 

In Côte d'Ivoire, the petroleum products transported and distributed to the populations in the Haut-Sassandra region come from the port entities of Abidjan. For the past few decades, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been regulating the flow of oil products to users. Nevertheless, the traditional acts in the satisfaction of users of fuel products are struggling to make a real improvement. This study proposes to show the impact of ICT in the process of routing these oil freights from Abidjan to the Haut-Sassandra. Following the documentary research, the field survey is centered on a series of interviews with marketers, pumpers, tanker transporters and motorists. Thus, in the process of disseminating fuel products in the Haut-Sassandra, ICTs allow physical and spatio-temporal barriers to disappear. Apart from the permanent contact between the actors of the distribution network, mobile telephony and GPS are undeniable for anticipating possible shortages at the service station. This regular presence of fuel products in the Haut-Sassandra region thus increases the financial profits of these promoters. However, despite the advent of ICTs in the Ivorian landscape, state structures are struggling to monitor and control in real time oil traffic from the entities to the national regions.
Valeur Sociale de l’Arbre du Néré dans l’Aire Culturelle Gour en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Appia Vincent Kobenan , Zadou Didié Armand , Kouassi Kouadio Henry
Published: July 2023

A l’ère du développement durable, une observation paradoxale montre une surexploitation des ressources naturelles. Ce phénomène que subissent ces ressources malgré leur importance sociale et économique pour les populations, invite les acteurs du développement à renforcer le potentiel socioéconomique des filières agroforestières en Côte d’Ivoire. Dès lors, ce travail présente la valeur sociale du néré ou (dôgô, solo, doun, nadigué et ninguin en langues locales) dans l’aire culturelle Gour en Côte d’Ivoire. L’étude s’est inscrite dans une approche qualitative. Elle a mobilisé la recherche documentaire, l’observation directe et l’entretien semi-directif comme techniques de production de données. Cette étude met en relief des savoirs traditionnels d’ordres nutritionnels et thérapeutiques des communautés Gour liés au néré. Ensuite, elle identifie des représentations sociales liées à l’arbre du néré tels un bien économique et un fertilisant naturel pour les communautés étudiées. Enfin, des interdits sociaux et des pratiques culturelles d’adoration associées à l’arbre du néré y sont décrits comme mécanismes de conservation et de gestion coutumière du néré à base communautaire. En somme, ce travail montre la valeur sociale du néré à travers l’utilité préventive et curative de son usage dans le traitement de certaines maladies ainsi que sa fonction économique et écologique.

 

In an era of sustainable development, a paradoxical observation is that natural resources are being over-exploited. Despite the social and economic importance of these resources to the local population, this phenomenon is prompting development stakeholders to strengthen the socio-economic potential of agroforestry sectors in Ivory Coast. This study therefore presents the social value of néré or (dôgô, solo, doun, nadigué and ninguin in local languages) in the Gour cultural area of Ivory Coast. The study took a qualitative approach. It used documentary research, direct observation and semi-structured interviews as data-gathering techniques. The study highlights the Gour communities' traditional nutritional and therapeutic knowledge relating to néré. It then identifies the social representations associated with the cowpea tree as an economic asset and a natural fertiliser for the communities studied. Finally, social prohibitions and cultural practices of adoration associated with the dwarf nut tree are described as mechanisms of conservation and customary management of the dwarf nut tree on a community basis. In short, this work shows the social value of the dwarf nut tree through the preventive and curative utility of its use in the treatment of certain diseases, as well as its economic and ecological function.
Analyse Socio-Demographique des Agricultureus et des Pesticides Utilises dans la Zone de Marnage du Lac Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Ake Alban , Franck Amian Atsé Roméo , Maurice Yeo Gopéyué , Etchian Assoi Olivier , Alla Yao Laurent , Yapo Adou Francis , Ble Mélécony Célestin
Published: July 2023

La zone de marnage du lac de Buyo est devenue le site d’intenses activités agricoles avec utilisation de pesticides pour optimiser la production. Une enquête socio-démographique des agriculteurs a été réalisée afin de prendre en compte l’âge, le genre, le niveau d’instruction, les encadrements, les équipements de protections individuelles (EPI) et les pesticides utilisés pour identifier des matières actives. Pour 323 producteurs enquêtés, les résultats révèlent que 35 % des hommes ont plus de 55 ans, 98% des femmes et 77% des hommes sont des non scolarisés. L’encadrement des paysans par les structures étatiques est très faible avec 71,21% d’agriculteurs non formés, ce qui explique le pourcentage de 26,32% de personnes utilisant les équipements de protections individuelles. Le risque de contamination sanitaire et environnemental est autant plus élevé en raison de la rémanance et la dangerosité des pesticides identifiés comme le Degesch (phosphure d’aluminium) considéré très dangereux (classe Ib) par l’OMS et ceux de la classe II et III . En effet les producteurs n’observent pas les bonnes pratiques phytosanitaires et cela aura pour conséquence la contamination de l’eau et des ressources aquatiques par les résidus de pesticides.

 

The Lake Buyo tidal zone has become the site of intense agricultural activities with the use of pesticides to optimize production. A socio-demographic survey of farmers was carried out to take into account age, gender, level of education, management, personal protective equipment (PPE), and pesticides used to identify active ingredients. For 323 producers surveyed, the results reveal that 35% of men are over 55 years old, 98% of women and 77% of men are uneducated. The supervision of farmers by state structures is very weak with 71.21% of farmers not trained, which explains the percentage of 26.32% of people using personal protective equipment. The risk of health and environmental contamination is even higher due to the persistence and dangerousness of pesticides identified as Degesch (aluminum phosphide) considered very dangerous (class Ib) by the WHO and those of class II and III. Indeed, producers do not observe good phytosanitary practices and this will result in the contamination of water and aquatic resources by pesticide residues.
Geological Modeling of Sandstone Formations and Petrophysical Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Termit Basin, Eastern Niger: Case of the Goumeri Prospect
Authors: Sarki Laouali Ibrahim , Dodo Bohari Abdou , Morabo Okoletimou Vitaline Vanessa , Harouna Moussa
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on the geological model of sandstone formations and the petrophysical characterization of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Termit Basin. The specific objectives are: (1) to establish a geological model visualizing the geometry of reservoir rocks and (2) to visualize the spatial and vertical distribution of the petrophysical parameters (porosity, permeability). The methodological approach integrated the interpretation of lithology data and petrographic parameters from the logs by using Petrel software 17.4 versions. The interpretation of the obtained results shows that: the reservoir formations present in the shape of sand lenses whose thickness varies according to another prospect. The petrophysical parameter models including the porosity and permeability model were used to understand the vertical and spatial distribution of the different reservoir units.
A Rare Case of Ruptured Giant Adrenal Myelolipoma Presenting with Spontaneous Intre-Abdominal Haemorrahage: A Case Report
Authors: Mbaba Awajimijan Nathaniel , Abdalla Khalid Mohamed , Ahmed Hamza Mustapha , Ogolodom Michael Promise
Published: July 2023

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin composed of mature fatty tissue and bone marrow elements. It is a non-functioning benign tumor, usually asymptomatic and commonly detected incidentally during evaluation for unrelated symptoms; hence, it is usually referred to as an “incidentaloma”. Large myelolipomas can cause mass effects and vague abdominal pain, spontaneous tumor rupture with massive hemorrhage is a more dramatic manifestation, though, it is an uncommon entity. We report the case of a 41-year-old anemic male patient who underwent an abdominal CT study and a huge hemorrhagic adrenal myelolipoma was detected to reiterate the importance of recognizing the characteristic radiological features of myelolipoma to accurately diagnose these tumors and emphasize the inclusion of myelolipoma in the lists of differential diagnosis of causes of spontaneous intra-abdominal hemorrhages.
First Data of the Ichthyological Fauna in the Bandama River at the Lamto Scientific Nature Reserve (Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa)
Authors: Euphrasie Adou Yedehi , Georges Blahoua Kassi , Kolo Yeo , Souleymane Konate , Seydou Tiho
Published: July 2023

Fish species composition and organization of the Bandama River at the scientific nature reserve of Lamto have been investigated for the first time. The study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022. Gillnets and traps were used to collect fish. A total of 41 species belonging to 35 genera, 13 families, and 5 orders were captured. The best-represented orders were the Siluriformes with 5 families and 11 species and the Perciformes with 3 families and 14 species of fish. The Cichlidae, Mormyridae, and Alestidae represented the best diversified family with 13, 5, and 5 species respectively.

This study also showed a decrease in the average size of individuals of the main species retained, which could reflect overexploitation of the stocks. The Shannon index (2.21 bits/ind.) and equitability (0.58) values obtained reflect a more or less distribution of individuals by species. These results will make it possible to establish a database for the conservation of this fish population and its habitat.
Parcours d’Entrée en Vie Féconde et Recours à la Contraception Moderne chez les Femmes en Union en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Bassinga Hervé , Barry Ousmane , Ouedraogo Sibiri Clément
Published: July 2023

Nonobstant les nombreuses initiatives visant à faire progresser le recours à la planification familiale (PF) (sensibilisation, subvention et distribution à base communautaire des produits contraceptifs), la prévalence contraceptive moderne dans bon nombre de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne reste faible. En 2021, le taux de prévalence contraceptive moderne chez les femmes en union était de 32 % au Burkina Faso (INSD et DHS programme, 2021). Il était de 10,6% en Guinée et 16,4% au Mali en 2018 (EDS). Au vu de ces faibles prévalences, cet article vise à analyser l’utilisation d’une méthode moderne de planification familiale chez les femmes en union en conciliation avec leurs trajectoires d’entrée en vie féconde. Les données utilisées sont issues d’enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) de périodes proches, de huit pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. L’analyse a été à la fois descriptive (bivariée) et explicative (régression logistique). Les résultats mettent en lumière des inégalités socio-économiques, socioculturelles et générationnelles dans le recours à la contraception moderne chez les femmes en union. Ils révèlent également un effet d’habitus qui serait attribuable à leur parcours d’entrée en vie féconde. Ces résultats impliquent la nécessité de renforcer les actions de sensibilisation, de counseling, de suivi et de facilitation d’accès aux contraceptifs modernes, chez les jeunes hors union particulièrement issus des classes socio-économiques basses. 

 

Despite numerous initiatives to increase the use of family planning (FP) (awareness, subsidies, and community-based distribution of contraceptives), modern contraceptive prevalence in many sub-Saharan African countries remains low. In 2021, the modern contraceptive prevalence rate among women in union was 32% in Burkina Faso (INSD and DHS program, 2021). It was 10.6% in Guinea and 16.4% in Mali in 2018 (DHS).  In view of these low prevalences, this paper aims to analyze the use of a modern family planning method among women in union in conciliation with their fertility entry trajectories. The data used come from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of closed periods, from eight countries in Western Africa. The analysis was both descriptive (bivariate) and explanatory (logistic regression). The results highlight socioeconomic, sociocultural and generational inequalities in the use of modern contraception among women in union. They also reveal a habitus effect that is attributable to their pathway to fertility. These results imply the need to reinforce awareness raising, counseling, follow-up and facilitation of access to modern contraceptives among young people out of union, particularly from low socio-economic classes.
Awareness, Attitude and Utilization of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP): Critical Literature Review
Authors: Mohammed Abujaja Afishata
Published: July 2023

The objectives of the study seek to review literature to establish the attitude, level of awareness and the extent of OFSP utilization. The study relied on secondary sources to synthesize and draw conclusions regarding the topic. The researcher reviewed a variety of documents and the data collected from previous published articles, journals, websites, original research papers and books to establish the awareness, attitude and utilization of OFSP. The review was supposed to offer important information regarding how widely used and known OFSP was. Evidence from the study showed that although most countries in the world were aware of OFSP's existence and nutritional advantages, the market for OFSP was not yet formally established. Most of the studies used emphasized that if OFSP is being processed into flour for making chips, biscuits, porridge, bread, drinks and other special forms of foods, consumers especially households would have accepted them to increase consumption. Socio-economic factors such as social class affect the level of utilization and preference patterns of the crop. Lack of storage facilities, lack of modern processing equipment and scarcity of OFSP vines had a great effect on its utilization. The study recommends that to increase agricultural value addition, OFSP farmers should be empowered through effective and efficient extension training on the usage of modern processing techniques.  Also, OFSP should be processed into several foods for alternative income sourcing. Finally, it is recommended that future studies be conducted on consumers’ willingness to pay for value-added products made from OFSP.
Some Medicinal Plants with Anti-breast Cancer Activity and the Input of Phytotherapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Anago Afiwa Dodzi , Gaetan Segbo Julien A. , Gnangnon Freddy , Akpovi Casimir D. , Agbangla Clement
Published: July 2023

Aim: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer leading to death among women worldwide. Despite the advances in the diagnosis skills and in the treatment of breast cancer, it has been observed that the recurrence rate experienced by breast cancer patients is quite high. Many plants have been reported to have anti-breast cancer properties. This paper focuses on determining the role of phytotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods: The following key search terms were used on Pubmed, Google scholar, and Researchgate: breast cancer, breast cancer cell lines, phytotherapy, medicinal plants in the treatment of breast cancer, treatment of breast cancer, cytotoxics effects of plant extracts on breast cancer in vitro/ in vivo, integrative oncology, and natural products as sources of drugs. Pertinent reviews in English language were examined.

Results: It has been observed that many studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo to demonstrate the anti-breast cancer activities of a myriad of plants. While investigations are being made to prove the anti-breast cancer effects of many plants, the use of phytomedicine is not generating enough attention by mainstream practitioners. Some significant results were observed by patients with breast cancer history through the combination of phytotherapy and conventional medicines.

Discussion: The conventional treatment of breast cancer is often accompanied with side effects. Many patients in low-income countries are faced off with the enormous cost of conventional treatment. Hence, there is a need to search for new bioactive substances in the treatments of breast cancer. Phytotherapy is a promising approach and herbal preparations are to be used in the same way as conventional medicine in the treatment of breast cancer.

Conclusion: Phytotherapeutics products are used more often in the treatment of breast cancer as adjuvant therapy. In Africa, the use of herbal products in the treatment of breast cancer still remains in the hands of traditional-practitioners, without any control of quality and efficacy. Standard methods for the preparation of herbal products are to be determined in order to adopt phytotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer as much as conventional treatment.
Drivers of Health Insurance Coverage in Low Income Settlements: A Case of Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Ng’ang’a Emmah Wanjiku , Odhiambo Martine Oleche
Published: July 2023

Insurance is critical for any country's economic growth and development to be sustainable. In rural areas of Kenya, among the illiterate, unemployed, poor, and vulnerable in society, health insurance adoption is extremely low. This paper focuses on determining the drivers for health insurance uptake among low-income populations in Kibera, Nairobi County. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to households located in Kibera informal settlements to collect data. The Yamane (1967) formula was used to select the sample size. Simple random sampling was adopted in selecting 399 respondents. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were conducted. The binary probit regression model was employed. Health insurance ownership was used as the dependent variable while age, gender, marital status, household size, school attainment, occupation, income levels, religion, cultural beliefs, frequency of hospital visits, cost of premiums, and pre-existing illness were used as the independent variables. Findings revealed that only 27.6 percent of the respondents had health insurance coverage. The findings further revealed that occupation, income levels, and religion significantly influence health insurance ownership among low-income populations in Kibera, Nairobi. Public health insurance cover was the most owned type of health insurance scheme. Recommendations were highlighted for the ministry of health and other relevant stakeholders to raise knowledge on the various health insurance options available and improve flexibility of the products to drive insurance uptake. In addition, national and county governments need to develop programmes and policies that could empower households in the informal settlements. Further, it is necessary for the government to subsidise the cost of acquiring public health insurance covers since this would encourage uptake among low-income families. The ministry of health should also work in conjunction with various religious denominations to campaign for uptake of health insurance among the poor.
Patuntung: The Encounter of Local Culture and Islamic Sharia in the Ammatoa Kajang Community
Authors: Zainuddin  , Jusalim Sammak  , Salle
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to explore Patuntung belief among Ammatoa Kajang community and analyze the encounter between the belief and Islamic teaching. It relies on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews and on-site observation. We interviewed ten key informants: four traditional leaders, three religious’ leaders, and three community leaders, while the observation was during July-September 2022. The secondary data was from literature exploration. The results of this study show that the Patuntung is the traditional belief of Ammatoa Kajang Community which has been still preserved today with its whole distinctive and unique features. Additionally, there also occurred encounter between Patuntung and Islamic belief as clear in the internalization of five Islamic pillars in Patuntung teachings. Quite different from those five which accentuate physical behaviors, Patuntung teaching stresses more on heartily intention and this makes the physical differences between the two inevitable.
Normalisasi Trend Nikah Muda: Analisis Struktural Fungsional dan Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Adji Pratama Putra  , Agung Burhanusyihab
Published: July 2023

Artikel ini mengkaji tren nikah muda analisis teori fungsional struktural dan maqashid syariah. Pernikahan yang seharusnya menciptakan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal, tidak bisa dijalankan akibat pernikahan muda yang secara fisik, mental dan spiritual seseorang belum matang. Pasangan muda yang menikah disebabkan faktor ekonomi, sosial, budaya, bahkan kecelakaan (karena hamil diluar nikah). Hal tersebut hampir terjadi di berbagai daerah, termasuk di kecamatan Depok. Teori struktural fungsional dan maqashid syariah digunakan sebagai alat pengoptimal budaya tren nikah muda. Peneliti menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dan mengambil data primer dari sampel laki-laki dan perempuan yang melangsungkan pernikahan usia 12-18 tahun. Temuan ini cenderung lebih berdampak negatif, karena belum adanya kesiapan mental, emosional, dan fisik untuk membina keluarga. Faktor pendidikan dan ilmu yang pas-pasan juga menjadi sebab pasangan nikah muda sulit mendapatkan pekerjaan yang menyebabkan masalah keuangan dalam rumah tangga.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lipids from Ficus carica L. fruits
Authors: Naoui Hadjira , Benalia Mohamed , Hachani Soumaya , Djeridane Amar , Ben Ahmed Ziyad , Seidel Veronique , Mohamed Yousfi
Published: July 2023

Samples of oils from seven types of Ficus carica L. fruits from Algeria were investigated through determinations of their chemical characteristics, quantifying sterols and tocopherols, and analysis of the fatty acids profiles using gas chromatography, and evaluation of antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and total antioxidant activity (TAA) using phosphomolybdenum methods. The results show that acid values ranged from 3.14 to 6.95 mg KOH/g indicating on the high amount of free fatty acids in the figs oils. Neutral lipids occupy a very important proportion of the crude figs oils (NL: 60.30–98.40%) compared to glycolipids (GL: 0.58–28.00%) and phospholipids (PL: 0.40-11.70%). Linoleic (11.70–34.74%) and linolenic (1.15–35.27%) were the major unsaturated fatty acids found in lipid fractions, while the main fraction of saturated fatty acid was palmitic. The tocopherols and sterols contents in fig oils ranged from 14.27 to 108.55 mg α-TE/g lipids and from 0.36 to 2.80 mg CE/g lipids respectively. The best inhibition concentration (IC50) of DPPH antioxidant activity was marked by GL (0.23–1.06 g/L) and PL (0.67–1.23 g/L). The strongest TAA was also marked by GL (IC50: 2.84 to 10.08 g/L) and PL (IC50: 3.73–11.30 g/L). This finding demonstrated for the first time that the studied figs oils possessed good antioxidant activity which may be associated with their alleged health benefits.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide and cerium dioxide nanoparticles with possible application for nitrite ions removal in waters
Authors: Abdul-Zahra Zainab , Rasheed Rashed
Published: July 2023

Nitrite ion, a characteristic pollutant, can be removed from water by reverse osmosis, distillation, or ion exchange resin. In this study, we removed it by using ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles. First, zinc hydroxide and cerium hydroxide were prepared by the hydrothermal method and heated at 90°C to dry. Second, they were annealed at 400°C to produce nanoparticles of ZnO and CeO2, respectively. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction to ascertain their structure and chemical composition. The surface morphology analysis of the nanoparticles was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was employed to characterize the imaging surface and ascertain the surface roughness. The functional groups present at the surface of the nanoparticles were investigated using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. The optical properties of these particles were investigated using the UV-visible spectroscopy. Further, the produced nanoparticles were used to adsorb NO2- ions from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the nanoparticles which were heated at 90°C (hydroxide forms) presented a higher activity for nitrite ions removal than those that were heated at 400°C (oxide forms). This may be related to nitrite ions preferential adsorption to hydroxide forms rather than to oxide forms; in both cases (90°C and 400°C), zinc oxide nanoparticles presented higher nitrite removal activity.
Geometrical isomerism in Ru2Au heterometal assembly: cis-linking of tetracyanidoaurate to tetrakis(μ-butanoato)diruthenium
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Kawauchi Shun , Mitsuhashi Ryoji , Tsuboi Motohiro , Handa Makoto
Published: July 2023

A heterometal assembled complex of tetrakis(μ-butanoato)diruthenium(II,III) and tetracyanidoaurate(III) [RuIIRuIII(n-C3H7COO)4AuIII(CN)4]n was synthesized and characterized by the elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that the complex consists of zigzag chain molecules of alternating arrangement of the Ru2(n-C3H7COO)4+ and Au(CN)4– units with cis-bridging mode of the Au(CN)4– units. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility data (4.5—300 K) showed that the magnetic interaction between the dinuclear RuIIRuIII units (S= 3/2) is negligibly small with a zero-field splitting parameter D value of 60 cm-1.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre periimplantitis de los residentes de la especialidad de Periodoncia e Implantes de la Escuela Profesional de Estomatología de la Universidad Andina del Cusco
Authors: Becerra Infantas Gustavo Adolfo , Vega Manga Betsy Janine
Published: July 2023

Antecedentes: El tratamiento con implantes dentales se ha incrementado rápidamente a nivel mundial, pero cabe resaltar que también han incrementado los casos con enfermedades periimplantarias, como la periimplantitis; por lo tanto, se debe valorar la importancia del conocimiento de estas enfermedades por parte de los especialistas en periodoncia e implantes, quienes en su práctica profesional evidenciarán esta patología, para que así puedan prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar la periimplantitis. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la periimplantitis de los residentes de la especialidad de Periodoncia e Implantes de la Escuela Profesional de Estomatología de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, durante el 2017. Material y métodos: El estudio fue aplicativo, cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal; basado en la aplicación de un cuestionario validado en una muestra integrada por 50 estudiantes matriculados en la especialidad de Periodoncia e Implantes de la Escuela Profesional de Estomatología de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, durante el segundo semestre académico de 2017. Resultados: El 44 % de los residentes de la especialidad de Periodoncia e Implantes tiene un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre la periimplantitis; el 36 %, un nivel bajo; y el 20 %, un nivel alto. Conclusiones: Se determinó que los residentes encuestados de la especialidad de Periodoncia e Implantes de la Escuela Profesional de Estomatología de la Universidad Andina del Cusco tienen un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre la periimplantitis; de forma específica, se estableció que el nivel de conocimiento dependerá del año y semestre que cursen los residentes.