bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolonged remission after long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic ACTH secretion
Authors: Sharma S T , Nieman L K
Published: December 2011

Spontaneous remission is rare in ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). We describe four patients with presumed EAS in whom long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors was followed by prolonged remission of hypercortisolemia. Biochemical testing was consistent with EAS, but imaging failed to identify a tumor. Patients were treated with ketoconazole alone or with mitotane and/or metyrapone to control hypercortisolemia. Dexamethasone was added when a block and replace strategy was used. Treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors for 3–10 years in these patients was followed by a prolonged period of remission (15–60 months). During remission, the first patient had an elevated ACTH, low cortisol and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC), and adrenal atrophy on computerized tomography scan during remission, suggesting a direct toxic effect on the adrenal glands. Cases 2 and 3 had normal to low ACTH levels and low-normal UFC, consistent with an effect at the level of the ectopic tumor. They did not have a history of cyclicity and case 3 has been in remission for ∼5 years, making cyclic Cushing's syndrome less likely. Case 4, with a history of cyclic hypercortisolism, had normal to slightly elevated ACTH levels and low-normal UFC during remission. The most likely etiology of remission is cyclic production of ACTH by the ectopic tumor. Spontaneous and sustained remission of hypercortisolemia is possible in EAS after long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors; a drug holiday may be warranted during chronic therapy to evaluate this. The pathophysiology remains unclear but may involve several different mechanisms.
Dimensão econômica de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Martha Júnior Geraldo Bueno , Alves Eliseu , Contini Elisio
Published: December 2011

Os sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) têm sido propostos como solução tecnológica para atender critérios de sustentabilidade, mas tal assertiva tem-se baseado principalmente em indicadores agronômicos e ambientais. Neste trabalho, explorou-se a perspectiva econômica da ILP. Os benefícios econômicos potenciais desses sistemas podem refletir-se em economia de escopo (diminuição do custo, em razão da produção de múltiplos produtos) ou nos efeitos de redução de risco pela diversificação. Além disso, eles podem envolver menor variabilidade produtiva e maior produtividade. A mensuração acurada das interações entre os componentes lavoura e animal (pastagem) é etapa-chave a ser perseguida. A tomada de decisão em prol de sistemas diversificados vis-à-vis sistemas especializados deve ser feita de acordo com os preços relativos. A ILP compete com sistemas especializados de pecuária, mas não apresenta taxas de retorno competitivas em comparação a sistemas especializados com soja. A elevada demanda por capital da ILP, particularmente para a aquisição de animais em recria para a engorda, explica as menores taxas de retorno da ILP e é vista como uma das principais restrições para a ampla adoção de sistemas mistos. O desenho de mecanismos de financiamento inovadores será essencial para promover e acelerar a adoção em larga escala da tecnologia.
Análise conjunta de atributos físicos e biológicos do solo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Silva Rogério Ferreira da , Guimarães Maria de Fátima , Aquino Adriana Maria de , Mercante Fábio Martins
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) sobre os atributos morfológicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em Dourados, MS, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Foram avaliados os seguintes sistemas: monocultura com sistema convencional de preparo do solo, ILP com sistema plantio direto, pastagem contínua de Urochloa decumbens (Syn. Brachiaria decumbens) e vegetação nativa. Em cada sistema, foi aberta uma trincheira com o intuito de detectar as modificações morfológicas provocadas pelos diferentes manejos com uso do método do perfil cultural. Os macroinvertebrados do solo foram avaliados conforme o método "Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility". Utilizaram-se, ainda, amostras de solo indeformadas para avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo (densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade). Entre os sistemas produtivos, a melhor estrutura do solo foi verificada no sistema ILP, nas camadas de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Os sistemas sob ILP e em pastagem cultivada continuamente favoreceram um ambiente edáfico biologicamente mais ativo em comparação aos outros sistemas cultivados. A visualização conjunta dos atributos do solo mostrou que a integração lavoura-pecuária é uma estratégia para desenvolver sistemas de produção sustentáveis e que o período de dois anos de manejo é adequado para a rotação lavoura-pecuária.
Fauna invertebrada e atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Portilho Irzo Isaac Rosa , Crepaldi Rafael Aparecido , Borges Clovis Daniel , Silva Rogério Ferreira da , Salton Júlio César , Mercante Fábio Martins
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) nos principais grupos da macrofauna invertebrada do solo e a relação destes organismos com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Foram comparados: sistema de manejo convencional, sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, sistema plantio direto, pastagem cultivada continuamente e fragmentos naturais de Cerrado e de floresta semidecídua. O experimento foi conduzido em Dourados, MS, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, disposto em faixas. A maior densidade, riqueza e diversidade das famílias foi observada no sistema de ILP, em plantio direto, e no sistema em pastagem cultivada continuamente. O sistema convencional promoveu maior redução na comunidade dos organismos invertebrados do solo. O sistema de ILP favorece a manutenção da diversidade da fauna invertebrada, a formação dos agregados estáveis e a fertilidade do solo. A família Sthaphylinidae é um potencial bioindicador de qualidade do solo, principalmente na floresta semidecídua e no sistema de ILP.
Frações lábeis e recalcitrantes da matéria orgânica em solos sob integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Silva Eulene Francisco da , Lourente Elaine Pinheiro Reis , Marchetti Marlene Estevão , Mercante Fábio Martins , Ferreira Ana Karolina Teixeira , Fujii Gisele Carneiro
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estoque de carbono orgânico total (COT) e nitrogênio total (NT), C e N nas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) e o índice de manejo de C, em solos sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), após quatro (ILP4) e oito anos (ILP8) de implantação. Para comparação, foram utilizados outros sistemas de manejo: pastagem e lavoura em plantio direto (PD), além de vegetação nativa. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A integração lavoura-pecuária, estabelecida num período de oito anos, é capaz de alcançar um novo estado estável equivalente ao sistema sob plantio direto com 23 anos de implantação. Houve acúmulo no estoque de C total de 101,0 (ILP8) e 104,2 Mg ha-1 (PD) e N total de 5,5 (ILP8) e 5,8 Mg ha-1 (PD), na camada 0-30 cm, bem como aumento no estoque de C e N nas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes da MOS. Para o ILP com oito anos, o índice de manejo de C de 88 foi superior ao dos demais sistemas de manejo e não diferiu da vegetação nativa na camada 0-10 cm, todavia, foi similar ao PD na análise de todo o perfil (0-30 cm).
Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops
Authors: Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Veiga Milton da , Moraes Anibal de , Pelissari Adelino , Mafra Álvaro Luiz , Piccolla Cristiano Dela
Published: December 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.
Recria de borregas sob diferentes métodos de pastoreio em azevém anual em sucessão a lavoura
Authors: Macari Stefani , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Oliveira Lisandre de , Devincenzi Thais , Albuquerque Caetano , Moraes Aníbal de
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recria de borregas em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum) em sucessão a lavouras de milho ou soja, manejadas em intensidades de pastejo moderada ou baixa, com métodos de pastoreio rotativo ou contínuo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 intensidades x 2 métodos de pastoreio, com quatro repetições. Não houve interação entre os métodos e as intensidades de pastejo. A intensidade de pastejo baixa determinou maior massa média de forragem e altura do pasto. A altura e a massa de forragem foram maiores no pastoreio rotativo. Não houve diferença para ganho médio diário. Houve diferença significativa para carga animal para o método rotativo e a intensidade de pastejo moderada. O ganho de peso por hectare foi maior para intensidade de pastejo moderada. A intensidade de pastejo e o método de pastoreio empregados não afetaram a produtividade de soja ou milho em sucessão. A forragem disponível é a principal determinante da produtividade do sistema integrado, independentemente do método de pastoreio.
Mortes por agressão em Pernambuco e no Brasil: um óbice para a consolidação da democracia
Authors: Nóbrega Jr. José Maria , Zaverucha Jorge , Rocha Enivaldo
Published: December 2011

No Brasil as taxas de homicídios alcançaram índices alarmantes. A maioria das análises em Ciência Política negligencia a relação entre violência e qualidade da democracia. O Index of Democracy do The Economist Unit (2008) avaliou o Brasil como sendo um país de elevada pontuação no indicador de liberdades civis. Levou em consideração aspectos dos direitos civis que ignoram os homicídios. Isso fez com que a conceituada revista inglesa chegasse à equivocada conclusão que o Brasil teria níveis de direitos civis acima de países como os Estados Unidos e o Reino Unido. O cerne deste trabalho está em analisar a qualidade da democracia brasileira tendo como um de seus critérios avaliativos o indicador de homicídio. A variável dependente é a qualidade da democracia e a variável independente, as taxas de morte por agressão em Pernambuco. Para medir-se a democracia avaliou-se o papel de suas instituições coercitivas na falta de contenção de homicídios praticados em Pernambuco. O resultado da análise inferiu serem, os altos números de homicídios, um óbice à consolidação da democracia no Brasil.
Coerência programática e disciplina parlamentar: partidos políticos frente à proposta das organizações sociais
Authors: Schmidt Vera Viviane
Published: December 2011

Este artigo trata sobre o efeito dos partidos políticos no processo decisório de uma política de reforma do Estado denominada organizações sociais. Analisa-se sua proposição e tramitação legislativa em nível federal e estadual (no estado de São Paulo) e sua adoção pelos estados brasileiros no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2006. Referente à adoção da política pelos estados, estudos realizados neste trabalho - considerando a situação das administrações estaduais, o partido político no governo e a adoção ou não da política - sugerem a filiação partidária do Governador como proxi de sua decisão em aderir ou não ao modelo via à vis argumentos de cunho econômico/fiscal. A análise legislativa demonstrou relevância dos partidos na estruturação do processo decisório e na orientação do voto disciplinado dos parlamentares. A posição de cada partido foi, para o caso observado, coerente com seus respectivos programas.
La experiencia de la delincuencia en dos abordajes etnográficos alternativos
Authors: Gomez Joaquín Santiago
Published: December 2011

En este artículo reseñaré críticamente tres etnografías que han abordado la experiencia de la delincuencia en las sociedades contemporáneas. Lo haré señalando el modo en que han definido su objeto y realizado su trabajo, como es de rigor, pero sobre todo conduciendo la discusión a lo que entiendo dos formas radicalmente otras de construir el campo. Precisamente, atender al lugar diferencial que ocupa el "hecho delictivo" en estos trabajos antropológicos llevará a situar en líneas de indagación alternativas, por un lado, el reciente trabajo realizado en Argentina por Daniel Míguez y, por otro, dos etnografías brasileñas ancladas en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro - entre las que encontramos una clara continuidad -, los trabajos de Alba Zaluar y Marcos Alvito. En un último apartado, me detendré a señalar la fructífera relación, no reconocida explícitamente en las etnografías que reseñamos, que esta línea de trabajo desarrollada en Brasil puede tener con los trabajos de Michel Foucault (esa relación es más patente en otros autores, como Michel Misse, cuya producción también podría ser incluida en esta perspectiva). De este modo, pretendo llamar la atención sobre aquellos abordajes que si bien pueden ofrecer aportes valiosos sobre tal o cual cuestión puntual, permanecen ciegos a los mismos fenómenos que la criminología convencional ignora dado que comparten con ésta la construcción de un campo de estudio centrado en la "delincuencia".
Percepção do idoso dos comportamentos afetivos expressos pela equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Prochet Teresa Cristina , Silva Maria Julia Paes da
Published: December 2011

Objetivo:Identificar a percepção do comportamento da afetividade, pelo idoso hospitalizado, do cuidado recebido pela Equipe de Enfermagem. Material e Método: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e de campo desenvolvido com 28 idosos. Utilizou-se instrumento composto por 21 tipos de comportamento verbais e não verbais. Resultados: Os resultados positivos dos comportamentos verbais incluíram as ações de conversar (57,2%), orientar (60,7%), respeitar (50%), proporcionar segurança (44,6%) e demonstrar honestidade (96,4%). Os positivos da dimensão não verbal reuniram aspectos relacionados ao respeito (63,4%), tocar (46,4%), ouvir/escutar (23,2%) e olhar como expressão positiva (71,4%). Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos percebeu como positiva a afetividade do cuidado recebido pela Equipe de Enfermagem no que se refere à dimensão verbal, sendo o comportamento mais evidente a demonstração da sinceridade. As atitudes não verbais de ser ouvido/escutado e tocado com delicadeza assumiram avaliação negativa. A afetividade nas ações de enfermagem são percebidos pelo idoso, e estes interferem na avaliação da qualidade assistencial.
O sentido olfato no cuidado de enfermagem hospitalar
Authors: Araújo Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de , Cameron Lys Eiras , Oliveira Lilian Felippe Duarte de
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as percepções e reações relacionadas ao sentido olfato durante o cuidado. Apresenta o resultado de três pesquisas de doutorado sobre as pistas olfativas na compreensão das alterações clínicas e padrão de cuidado de enfermagem em setores hospitalares. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa valorizando princípios do método Sociopoético e dos Sentidos Sociocomunicantes do Corpo. Os sujeitos utilizam o sentido olfato como instrumento para: diagnosticar os desvios de saúde fisiológicos e psicoafetivos; avaliar o estado de higiene, de limpeza corporal do paciente e do ambiente; e nortear o cuidado de enfermagem necessário. Identificamos repulsa pelo mau odor que emana do paciente e as estratégias utilizadas para minimizá-lo. Possibilitou-se instituir um espaço de diálogo para conhecer as reações aos odores, reconhecer as próprias limitações aos estímulos olfativos e redimensionar os mecanismos de respostas que possibilitem o conforto e a segurança dos envolvidos no cuidado de enfermagem.
Cardiorespiratory response to physical exercise and psychological variables in panic disorder
Authors: Caldirola Daniela , Namia Caterina , Micieli Wilma , Carminati Claudia , Bellodi Laura , Perna Giampaolo
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible influence of psychological variables on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion of patients with Panic Disorder (PD) during a submaximal exercise test. METHOD: Ten outpatients with PD and 10 matched healthy subjects walked up on a treadmill slope at a speed of 4 km/h in order to reach 65% of their maximum heart rate. Cardiorespiratory variables were continuously recorded. Before the exercise, the state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores), fear of physical sensations (Body Sensation Questionnaire scores), and fear of autonomic arousal (Anxiety Sensitivity Index scores) were assessed; during the exercise, levels of anxiety (VAS-A) and exertion (Borg Scale CR 10) were measured. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients reached earlier the target HR and the ventilatory threshold, showed lower oxygen consumption, higher HR and lower within-subject standard deviations of HR (a measure of cardiac variability). Exertion was also higher, and there was a significant correlation between breathing frequency, tidal volume and HR. No significant associations were found between cardiorespiratory response, perceived exertion, and psychological variables in patients with PD. CONCLUSION: Although patients with PD presented poor cardiorespiratory fitness and were required to spend more effort during physical exercise, this did not appear to be related to the psychological variables considered. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.
Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review
Authors: Mathis Maria Alice de , Alvarenga Pedro de , Funaro Guilherme , Torresan Ricardo Cezar , Moraes Ivanil , Torres Albina Rodrigues , Zilberman Monica L , Hounie Ana Gabriela
Published: December 2011

INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition, in which subtypes have been proposed. Previous studies suggested that gender plays a relevant role in OCD phenotypic expression. This study aimed to review the literature on gender differences in clinical, genetic or familial aspects of OCD. METHOD: A conventional review was conducted, including all papers that investigated demographic, clinical, and genetic aspects of OCD according to gender. The search was based on data available in Medline and PsycINFO databases in the last 20 years, using as keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder; and: gender, sex, male, female, demographic characteristics, clinical features, clinical characteristics, genetic, genes, genetics gender OCD, genes OCD, genes OCD males, genes OCD females. RESULTS: Sixty three of 487 phenotypical and genetics studies were selected. Most studies indicate that male patients are more likely than females to be single, present early onset of symptoms and chronic course of the disorder, greater social impairment, more sexual-religious and aggressive symptoms, and greater comorbidity with tic and substance use disorders. Female patients present more contamination/cleaning symptoms and greater comorbidity with eating and impulse-control disorders. Genetic and family studies are inconclusive, but suggest that gender may play a role in the disease expression. CONCLUSIONS: Gender is a relevant factor that should be taken into account when evaluating OCD patients. More studies are necessary to determine whether in fact it defines a homogeneous and particular group in OCD.
Changes in diatom patch‐size distribution and degradation in a spatially self‐organized intertidal mudflat ecosystem
Authors: Weerman E. J. , Van Belzen J. , Rietkerk M. , Temmerman S. , Kéfi S. , Herman P. M. J. , de Koppel J. Van
Published: December 2011

Self‐organized spatial patterns have been proposed as possible indicators for regime shifts in ecosystems. Until now, this hypothesis has only been tested in drylands. Here, we focus on intertidal mudflats where regular spatial patterns develop in early spring from the interaction between diatom growth and sedimentation but disappear when benthic herbivore abundance increases in early summer, accompanied by a dramatic shift to a bare mudflat. We followed the patch‐size distributions of diatom biofilms during this degradation process. As time progressed, we found a temporal change in the spatial configuration occurring simultaneously with the loss of the diatom–sediment feedback. This indicates a gradual failure in time of the self‐organization process that underlies regular patterning in this ecosystem. The path to degradation co‐occurred with the loss of the larger patches in the ecosystem, which resulted in a decrease of the truncation in the patch‐size distribution. Hence, our study in mudflat ecosystems confirms the general hypothesis that spatial patterns can provide important clues about the level of degradation. Nevertheless, our study highlights the need for thorough study about the type of spatial patterns and the nature of the underlying feedbacks before a reliable assessment of ecosystem status can be made, as changes in patch‐size distribution differed markedly with those observed in other ecosystems.
Electrochemical inactivation of Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrode
Authors: Giovannozzi Andrea M. , Reipa Vytas , Almeida Jamie L. , Cole Kenneth D.
Published: December 2011

Bacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO2–Sb2O5–SnO2–RuO2) as the anode material in an EC cell for the inactivation of the spores. The presence of chloride ions at low concentrations was found to be critical for the effective inactivation of BT spores. Active chlorine was produced in-situ by anodic oxidation of chloride in the solutions. Local tap water used as a realistic test solution was found to contain average chloride concentrations of 1.2 mM. High concentrations of active chlorine were generated in the range of 0.35 to 0.5 mM (25 to 35 mg/L) to ensure that the high concentrations of spores were inactivated. We showed that the amount of active chlorine produced in the EC cell can be readily controlled by the operating conditions, including potential, flow rate and chloride content. Scanning electron images of the EC treated spores indicate damage to the outer membranes resulting in disruption and leakage of the spore contents. EC water disinfection processes using inexpensive electrode materials are a promising alternative as shown by inactivation of challenging biological threats such as Bacillus spores.
Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials: The Impact of the UK Bribery Act 2010
Authors: Hatchard John
Published: December 2011

This article examines the potential impact of the UK Bribery Act 2010, with special reference to Africa. The central focus is on the bribery of foreign public officials and bribery within the corporate sector.
How Does Disaster Relief Works Affect the Trust in Local Government? A Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Han Ziqiang , Hu Xiaojiang , Nigg Joanne
Published: December 2011

Political trust can lead to cooperation and is very important in emergency and disaster management. However, the impact of disaster events on political trust is complicated. On May 12, 2008, a disruptive earthquake hit Southwest China, killing thousands of people and causing billions in economic losses. The Chinese national government's swift response was praised by the public, but the local government trust was not well documented. Through fieldwork in one of the most damaged counties, how disaster relief work affected the trust in local government was analyzed. Political trust varies in different levels of government in China. People trust the central government more than the local government. After the earthquake, there was a polarization trend in the local political trust. The few cases of role abandonment had a very bad effect on local political trust. The pre‐disaster distrust, the impolite manners of local officials, and the gap between public expectations and the local government capacity in disaster relief impaired trust in local government. An easily operated and widely covered disaster assistance model is good to improve political trust after extreme tragedies. How to implement policies effectively and equally at the local level and the intergovernmental interchanges are the challenges for all levels of government, and will impact the public's trust in government.
Modified polyacrylamide supported chlorochromate as a new polymeric oxidizing agent
Authors: Tamami Bahman , Heiran Roghaye , Montazer Riazi
Published: December 2011

Modified polyacrylamide supported chlorochromate was synthesized and used as
a versatile and efficient oxidizing agent for the oxidation of various
organic compounds such as hydroxyl compounds, silylethers, oximes, thiols,
and other compounds. Over oxidation of the products (aldehydes to carboxylic
acids) was not observed with this oxidizing agent. The oxidant was insoluble
in oxidation media and chromium (VI) ions remained firmly bound to the
insoluble polymeric support after the oxidation reaction. The mild reaction
condition, easy work-up, short reaction times, regenerability of the reagent
and its easy preparation and handling are among the advantages of this new
polymeric chlorochromate reagent.
Uncertainty analysis for experimental heat transfer data obtained by the Wilson plot method: Application to condensation on horizontal plain tubes
Authors: Uhía Francisco , Campo Antonio , Fernández-Seara José
Published: December 2011

The accurate estimation of convection coefficients constitutes a crucial
issue in designing and sizing any type of heat exchange device. The Wilson
plot method and its subsequent modifications deliver a suitable procedure to
estimate the convection coefficients from the post-processing of experimental
data in a multitude of convective heat transfer processes. Uncertainty
analysis is a powerful tool not only for handling the data and reporting
coherent results of a certain experimental program, but also is a valuable
tool in those stages devoted to the experimental design. This paper details
the application of an analytical methodology for calculating the uncertainty
associated with experimental data obtained by the Wilson plot method. Results
based on a representative Wilson plot experiment to measure the condensation
coefficients of R-134a over a horizontal 19 mm diameter smooth tube are
shown. A parametric analysis was carried out sequentially to investigate the
influence of the uncertainties in the measured variables and design
parameters of the Wilson plot experiment in the results uncertainties.
Although the example presented in this paper relates to a specific heat
transfer process, the technique turns out to be rather general and can be
extended to any heat transfer problem.
Fractional magnetohydrodynamics Oldroyd-B fluid over an oscillating plate
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Khan Alam , Shahid Nazish
Published: December 2011

This paper presents some new exact solutions corresponding to the oscillating
flows of a MHD Oldroyd-B fluid with fractional derivatives. The fractional
calculus approach in the governing equations is used. The exact solutions for
the oscillating motions of a fractional MHD Oldroyd-B fluid due to sine and
cosine oscillations of an infinite plate are established with the help of
discrete Laplace transform. The expressions for velocity field and the
associated shear stress that have been obtained, presented in series form in
terms of Fox H functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions.
Similar solutions for ordinary MHD Oldroyd-B, fractional and ordinary MHD
Maxwell, fractional and ordinary MHD Second grade and MHD Newtonian fluid as
well as those for hydrodynamic fluids are obtained as special cases of
general solutions. Finally, the obtained solutions are graphically analyzed
through various parameters of interest.
This Land is Our Land? Multiple Literacies and Becoming-Citizen in an Adult ESL Classroom
Authors: Waterhouse Monica
Published: December 2011

Unprecedented levels of global migration have produced pluralistic nations where citizenship education can pose a complex challenge. In these contexts, government-funded language instruction programs for new immigrants have become important sites, where politically charged debates around citizenship and how to teach it play out. This article considers the intersections of citizenship education, power, multiple literacies, and curriculum in a Canadian adult immigrant language program mandated to facilitate the integration of newcomers. Deleuze & Guattari's conceptual repertoire, along with the Deleuzian-informed Multiple Literacies Theory, frame an analysis of qualitative data focusing on a singular classroom event: the singing of a folk song. This research follows lines of power: state power as pouvoir operating through the order-word ‘multiculturalism’, and life's affective power as puissance operating through reading texts disruptively in the classroom. These molar lines and lines of flight run between nation-state citizenship as an integrative outcome premised on sameness, and the concept of ‘becoming-citizen’ as an untimely process premised on difference. Considering the implications of this analysis for classroom practice, ‘rhizocurriculum’ is posited as a way to reimagine citizenship in ways that can account for the revolutionary, transformative effects of difference.
The ‘Why, What and How’ of Inclusion from the Practitioner's Point of View: Inclusion of Immigrant Children in the Norwegian Educational System
Authors: Kovač Velibor Bobo , Jortveit Maryann
Published: December 2011

The aim of the article is to explore teachers' perceptions of the concept of multicultural inclusion. The study adopts a qualitative approach where 14 individual semi-structured interviews have been used to assess and analyse teachers' reflections when considering the ‘why, what and how’ questions surrounding inclusion. The overall findings indicate that teachers view multicultural inclusion as a desirable and positive process which should be practised in contemporary schools. However, the findings also indicate that teachers use rather common and imprecise terms and generally hold that this process is straightforward and unproblematic in terms of its definition. This is further supported in reported tendencies to implement inclusive measures in a fairly unorganized and intuitive manner. The challenges associated with definitions and practices of inclusion are discussed along with the positions of teachers in terms of power. The article concludes with outlining the possible limitations and implications of the study.
The Accounting Identity and the Identity of Accountants: Accounting's Competing Paradigms through the Prism of Professional Practice
Authors: Cataldo James M , McInnes J. Morris
Published: December 2011

The “Accounting Identity,” Assets = Liabilities + Equity, is emblematic of the quest for a concise and universal conceptual framework for the discipline of accounting. This essentially idealistic aspiration stands in opposition to more context-sensitive perspectives, such as socio-historical and postmodern schools of accounting thought. We examine these competing paradigms on both the macro level of standards setting and on the more intimate level of professional identity. In this paper, we argue that the practice of accounting finds stronger support and commonality with context-sensitive intellectual traditions than with idealist approaches. We advocate a vision for the “identity of accountants” grounded in appreciation of our own intellectual heritage and accounting's distinctive role in society.
Increased Macrophage Migration Into Adipose Tissue in Obese Mice
Authors: Oh Da Young , Morinaga Hidetaka , Talukdar Saswata , Bae Eun Ju , Olefsky Jerrold M.
Published: December 2011

Macrophage-mediated inflammation is a key component of insulin resistance; however, the initial events of monocyte migration to become tissue macrophages remain poorly understood. We report a new method to quantitate in vivo macrophage tracking (i.e., blood monocytes from donor mice) labeled ex vivo with fluorescent PKH26 dye and injected into recipient mice. Labeled monocytes appear as adipose, liver, and splenic macrophages, peaking in 1–2 days. When CCR2 KO monocytes are injected into wild-type (WT) recipients, or WT monocytes given to MCP-1 KO recipients, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation is reduced by ~40%, whereas hepatic macrophage content is decreased by ~80%. Using WT donor cells, ATM accumulation is several-fold greater in obese recipient mice compared with lean mice, regardless of the source of donor monocytes. After their appearance in adipose tissue, ATMs progressively polarize from the M2- to the M1-like state in obesity. In summary, the CCR2/MCP-1 system is a contributory factor to monocyte migration into adipose tissue and is the dominant signal controlling the appearance of recruited macrophages in the liver. Monocytes from obese mice are not programmed to become inflammatory ATMs but rather the increased proinflammatory ATM accumulation in obesity is in response to tissue signals.
Complete Diabetes Protection Despite Delayed Thymic Tolerance in NOD8.3 TCR Transgenic Mice Due to Antigen-Induced Extrathymic Deletion of T Cells
Authors: Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Chee Jonathan , Jhala Gaurang , Fynch Stacey , Graham Kate L. , Santamaria Pere , Morahan Grant , Allison Janette , Izon David , Thomas Helen E. , Kay Thomas W.H.
Published: December 2011

Prevention of autoimmunity requires the elimination of self-reactive T cells during their development in the thymus and maturation in the periphery. Transgenic NOD mice that overexpress islet-specific glucose 6 phosphatase catalytic subunit–related protein (IGRP) in antigen-presenting cells (NOD-IGRP mice) have no IGRP-specific T cells. To study the relative contribution of central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms to deletion of antigen-specific T cells, we crossed NOD-IGRP mice to highly diabetogenic IGRP206–214 T-cell receptor transgenic mice (NOD8.3 mice) and studied the frequency and function of IGRP-specific T cells in the thymus and periphery. Peripheral tolerance was extremely efficient and completely protected NOD-IGRP/NOD8.3 mice from diabetes. Peripheral tolerance was characterized by activation of T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissue where IGRP was expressed followed by activation-induced cell death. Thymectomy showed that thymic output of IGRP-specific transgenic T cells compensated for peripheral deletion to maintain peripheral T-cell numbers. Central tolerance was undetectable until 10 weeks and complete by 15 weeks. These in vivo data indicate that peripheral tolerance alone can protect NOD8.3 mice from autoimmune diabetes and that profound changes in T-cell repertoire can follow subtle changes in thymic antigen presentation.
Postnatal Growth and DNA Methylation Are Associated With Differential Gene Expression of the TACSTD2 Gene and Childhood Fat Mass
Authors: Groom Alexandra , Potter Catherine , Swan Daniel C. , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Evans David M. , Ring Susan M. , Turcot Valerie , Pearce Mark S. , Embleton Nicholas D. , Davey Smith George , Mathers John C. , Relton Caroline L.
Published: December 2011

Rapid postnatal growth is associated with increased risk of childhood adiposity. The aim of this study was to establish whether this pathway is mediated by altered DNA methylation and gene expression. Two distinct cohorts, one preterm (n = 121) and one term born (n = 6,990), were studied. Exploratory analyses were performed using microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in whole blood from children defined as “slow” (n = 10) compared with “rapid” (n = 10) postnatal (term to 12 weeks corrected age) growers. Methylation within the identified TACSTD2 gene was measured in both cohorts, and rs61779296 genotype was determined by Pyrosequencing or imputation and analyzed in relation to body composition at 9–15 years of age. In cohort 1, TACSTD2 expression was inversely correlated with methylation (P = 0.016), and both measures were associated with fat mass (expression, P = 0.049; methylation, P = 0.037). Although associated with gene expression (cohort 1, P = 0.008) and methylation (cohort 1, P = 2.98 × 10−11; cohort 2, P = 3.43 × 10−15), rs61779296 was not associated with postnatal growth or fat mass in either cohort following multiple regression analysis. Hence, the lack of association between fat mass and a methylation proxy SNP suggests that reverse causation or confounding may explain the initial association between fat mass and gene regulation. Noncausal methylation patterns may still be useful predictors of later adiposity.
Racial/Ethnic- and Education-Related Disparities in the Control of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Among Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Chatterji Pinka , Joo Heesoo , Lahiri Kajal
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE

There is limited information on whether recent improvements in the control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among individuals with diabetes have been concentrated in particular sociodemographic groups. This article estimates racial/ethnic- and education-related disparities and examines trends in uncontrolled CVD risk factors among adults with diabetes. The main racial/ethnic comparisons made are with African Americans versus non-Latino whites and Mexican Americans versus non-Latino whites.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The analysis samples include adults aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988–1994 and the NHANES 1999–2008 who self-reported having diabetes (n = 1,065, NHANES 1988–1994; n = 1,872, NHANES 1999–2008). By use of logistic regression models, we examined the correlates of binary indicators measuring 1) high blood glucose, 2) high blood pressure, 3) high cholesterol, and 4) smoking.

RESULTS

Control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol improved among individuals with diabetes between the NHANES 1988–1994 and the NHANES 1999–2008, but there was no change in smoking prevalence. In the NHANES 1999–2008, racial/ethnic minorities and individuals without some college education were more likely to have poorly controlled blood glucose compared with non-Latino whites and those with some college education. In addition, individuals with diabetes who had at least some college education were less likely to smoke and had better blood pressure control compared with individuals with diabetes without at least some college education.

CONCLUSIONS

Trends in CVD risk factors among individuals with diabetes improved over the past 2 decades, but racial/ethnic- and education-related disparities have emerged in some areas.
New taxa of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from Thailand and India
Authors: Bi Hai Yan , Yang Zhi Rong , Lin Qi
Published: December 2011

In this study, one new species and one new variety are described and illustrated. Elatostema intanondense Q. Lin (Urticaceae), collected from Doi Intanond of Chiang Mai in Thailand, is morphologically similar to E. subincisum Weddell, but differs by having obscure stipules (vs. conspicuous, linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm long in E. subincisum), and elliptic to lanceolate nanophylls, 3-7 × 1.5-3.0 mm (vs. absent in E. subincisum). Elatostema ranongense Yahara var. glabroum Q. Lin, a new variety collected from Khasi Hills in Mawhplong of Meghalaya, India. This new variety has glabrous stems and glabrous leaves that differs from var. ranongense that having densely hirtellous stems, densely strigillose leaf blade on abaxial surface along veins.Keywords: Elatostema; E. intanondense; E. ranongense var. glabroum; Urticaceae.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9300Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 149-152, 2011 (December)
Three new records of Sterculiaceae for Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Md. Manzurul Kadir , Rahman Md. Oliur , Hassan Md. Abul , Huq A. Mozaharul
Published: December 2011

Three species belonging to Sterculiaceae, namely Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Helicteres viscida Bl. and Sterculia urens Roxb. are recorded here for the first time for Bangladesh. Of these, the genus Guazuma is also a new generic record for the country. Updated nomenclature, important synonyms, description, ecology and geographical distribution are provided for each species.Keywords: Sterculiaceae; New records; Guazuma ulmifolia; Helicteres viscida; Sterculia urens; Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9301Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 153-157, 2011 (December)
The identity of Hedychium marginatum C.B. Clarke (Zingiberaceae), and a new species, H. Nagamiense from North-eastern India
Authors: Sanoj E. , Sabu M.
Published: December 2011

The identity of Hedychium marginatum C.B. Clarke is corrected based on the type and protologue studies and H. luteum Baker is reduced as its synonym. H. nagamiense Sanoj et al. sp. nov., from Nagaland, India is described and illustrated. Nomenclatural notes, phenology, geographical distribution and IUCN status of both species are provided.Keywords: Hedychium luteum; H. marginatum; H. nagamiense; New species; New synonym; Taxonomic identity; Zingiberaceae.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9304Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 169-176, 2011 (December)
Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm. (Lauraceae) - A new record for India
Authors: Kumar E.S. Santhosh , Kumary M.P. Geetha , Pandurangan A. G.
Published: December 2011

Keywords: Cinnamomum alexei; New record; India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9306Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 199-201, 2011 (December)
Validation of the name Artemisia anomala S. Moore var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zehuan Wang , Hua Peng
Published: December 2011

Not available.Keywords: Artemisia; Asteraceae; Nomenclature; Validation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9307Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 203-204, 2011 (December)
Mid-Term Energy Demand Forecasting by Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Models
Authors: Iranmanesh Hossein , Abdollahzade Majid , Miranian Arash
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a structure for long-term energy demand forecasting. The proposed hybrid approach, called HPLLNF, uses the local linear neuro-fuzzy (LLNF) model as the forecaster and utilizes the Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter for extraction of the trend and cyclic components of the energy demand series. Besides, the sophisticated technique of mutual information (MI) is employed to select the most relevant input features with least possible redundancies for the forecast model. Each generated component by the HP filter is then modeled through an LLNF model. Starting from an optimal least square estimation, the local linear model tree (LOLIMOT) learning algorithm increases the complexity of the LLNF model as long as its performance is improved. The proposed HPLLNF model with MI-based input selection is applied to the problem of long-term energy forecasting in three different case studies, including forecasting of the gasoline, crude oil and natural gas demand over the next 12 months. The obtained forecasting results reveal the noteworthy performance of the proposed approach for long-term energy demand forecasting applications.
Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of High Risk HPV Type 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 L1 Gene in Greek Women
Authors: Ntova Chara Kleio , Kottaridi Christine , Chranioti Aikaterini , Spathis Aris , Kassanos Dimitrios , Paraskevaidis Evangelos , Karakitsos Petros
Published: December 2011

The present study explores nucleotide variability, phylogeny and association with cervical neoplasia in high risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 collected from Greek women. Of the 1894 women undergoing routine cervical cytology examination, 160 samples test positive for single infections of HPV type 16 (n = 104), HPV 31 (n = 40), HPV 33 (n = 7), HPV 18 (n = 5), and HPV 45 (n = 4) were typed by microarrays method, amplified by PCR then sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. For HPV 16, 9 variants with nucleotide variations were included into the study. For HPV 31, 33, 18 and 45, nucleotide variations were identified in 6, 4, 2 and 3 variants, respectively. The Bayesian inference and Maximum Parsimony methods were used in order to construct the phylogenetic trees. When types were analyzed independently HPV 16 (European and non-European) and HPV 18 (African and non-African) formed distinct clades. The genomic characterization of HPV variants will be important for illuminating the geographical relatedness and biological differences and for the determination of their risk.
The Bone-Protective Effect of Genistein in the Animal Model of Bilateral Ovariectomy: Roles of Phytoestrogens and PTH/PTHR1 Against Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Miao Qing , Li Jing-Ge , Miao Shan , Hu Nan , Zhang Jin , Zhang Song , Xie Yan-Hua , Wang Jian-Bo , Wang Si-Wang
Published: December 2011

Genistein, a major phytoestrogen of soy, is considered a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Mounting evidence suggested a positive correlation between genistein consumption and bone health both in vivo and in vitro. Earlier studies have revealed that genistein acted as a natural estrogen analogue which activated estrogen receptor and exerted anti-osteoporotic effect. However, it remains unclear whether PTH, the most crucial hormone that regulates mineral homeostasis, participates in the process of genistein-mediated bone protection. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effects between genistein and nilestriol and investigated whether PTH and its specific receptor PTHR1 altered in response to genistein-containing diet in the animal model of ovariectomy. Our results showed that genistein administration significantly improved femoral mechanical properties and alleviates femoral turnover. Genistein at all doses (4.5 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg and 18.0 mg/kg per day, respectively) exerted improved bending strength and b-ALP limiting effects than nilestriol in the present study. However, genistein administration did not exert superior effects on bone protection than nilestriol. We also observed circulating PTH restoration in ovariectomized rats receiving genistein at the dose of 18 mg/kg per day. Meanwhile, PTHR1 abnormalities were attenuated in the presence of genistein as confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These findings strongly support the idea that besides serving as an estrogen, genistein could interact with PTH/PTHR1, causing a superior mineral restoring effect than nilestriol on certain circumstance. In conclusion, our study reported for the first time that the anti-osteoporotic effect of genistein is partly PTH/PTHR1-dependent. Genistein might be a potential option in the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis with good tolerance, more clinical benefits and few undesirable side effects.