bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Информационное обеспечение систем управления промышленно-экологической безопасностью: концептуальные основы и практические приложения
Authors: Маслобоев Андрей Владимирович , Шемякин Алексей Сергеевич , Яковлев Сергей Юрьевич
Published: March 2021

Проблемы развития Арктической зоны России, в частности, вопросы информационно-аналитического обеспечения техногенно-экологической безопасности полярных регионов особенно актуальны в последнее время. При этом степень формализации знаний о предметной области как для федерального, так и для нижестоящих уровней явно недостаточна для достижения поставленных программных целей и задач. Предметом исследований являются модели и технологии компьютерной поддержки риск- устойчивого регионального развития. Целью исследований является разработка информационных технологий обеспечения техногенно-экологической безопасности арктических регионов. Практические приложения разработок реализованы на примере промышленных объектов Мурманской области. В работе предложено интегрированное формализованное описание трехуровневой предметной области. Обоснована структура программно-алгоритмического комплекса обеспечения безопасности регионального промышленно-природного кластера, рассматриваются его состав и метод построения. Приводится описание унифицированной информационной технологии прогнозирования и управления рисками чрезвычайных ситуаций техногенного и природного характера. Отличительной особенностью созданной технологии является реализация подсистемы формирования основных планирующих документов, обеспечивающей согласование принимаемых управленческих решений с актуальными нормативно-правовыми актами. Разработан и апробирован комплекс средств визуализации принимаемых решений, нацеленный на повышение точности и наглядности результатов управления. Дана общая картина внедрения разработок на территории Мурманской области.
Анализ качества передачи голосового трафика в подвижных беспроводных самоорганизующихся сетях со смешанными каналами связи: имитационная модель
Authors: Охрименко Александр Григорьевич , Лазарев Сергей Александрович , Польщиков Константин Александрович
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена разработке имитационной модели для анализа качества передачи голосового трафика в подвижной беспроводной самоорганизующейся сети со смешанными каналами связи — оптическими и радиоканалами. Целью статьи является расширение практики исследования телекоммуникационных сетей с использованием дискретного сетевого имитатора NS-3 на самоорганизующиеся VoIP-сети со смешанными каналами связи. Предложена модель подвижной беспроводной самоорганизующейся сети со смешанными каналами связи с разбиением на локальные группы узлов, связанные оптическими каналами. Разработана многопараметрическая имитационная модель для исследования процесса передачи голосового трафика. Проведено пробное имитационное моделирование процесса передачи голосового трафика от источника до приемника, размещенных в различных локальных группах при независимом движении узлов различных локальных групп и при использовании типовых протоколов динамической маршрутизации. Теоретическая значимость состоит в разработке имитационной модели для исследования процесса передачи голосового трафика в подвижной беспроводной самоорганизующейся сети со смешанными каналами связи.
Алгоритм вычисления оптимальной градиентной функции внутренней блокировки для сети передачи данных систем мониторинга критически важных объектов государства
Authors: Саитов Сергей Игоревич
Published: March 2021

Важной задачей системы мониторинга критически важных объектов государства является достоверное определение психофизиологического состояния операторов автоматизированных рабочих мест. В современных условиях ограниченного объема канального ресурса сетей передачи данных государственных объектов и необходимости приоритизации трафика в пользу ресурсоемких услуг реального времени существует проблема вытеснения с обслуживания сообщений с коммуникативными характеристиками операторов. Указанный недостаток не позволяет обеспечить своевременную доставку оценок их поведенческих реакций для выработки оптимального управленческого решения. Соответственно, актуальной является задача моделирования сети передачи данных критически важных объектов государства, направленная на минимизацию потерь информации о состоянии оператора при обеспечении требуемого качества обслуживания традиционных услуг связи реального времени. Для решения данного противоречия предлагается вариант разработки математического инструментария интегрированной сети передачи данных в формальном базисе теории телетрафика. Рассматривается два потока заявок: ресурсоемкие блоки данных традиционных услуг связи обслуживаются с повышенным приоритетом относительно блоков данных с характеристиками состояния оператора. При этом известную дисциплину обслуживания с абсолютным приоритетом и прерыванием предлагается дополнить возможностью резервирования канального ресурса для информации о состоянии операторов. Для этих целей используется градиентная функция внутренней блокировки, которая задает вероятность отказа в обслуживании заявкам высокоприоритетного потока в зависимости от занятого объема канального ресурса. Представленный инструмент перераспределения объема пропускной способности позволяет решить задачу оптимизации, учитывая требования к качеству обслуживания заявок разных категорий и дисциплину обслуживания с приоритетами, прерыванием и резервированием канального ресурса. В статье представлен алгоритм расчета оптимальной градиентной функции внутренней блокировки высокоприоритетного трафика. Показано влияние изменения аргумента функции блокировки на характеристики качества обслуживания гетерогенного трафика. Полученные результаты могут быть применены при проектировании и модернизации сетей передачи данных с целью повышения эффективности использования канальных ресурсов.
Hygienic and safety requisites for consumption a safe food during the pandemic of the Covid-19 disease
Authors: Jahed Khaniki Gholamreza , Salehi Ali
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 is a new disease that caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is a highly contagious disease and we are still learning about how it spreads. Food is an integral part of human culture that its safety is very important during an epidemic. This article reviews the covid-19 transmission routes especially through food, nutritional recommendations and hygienic and safety requisites for consumption a safe food during the pandemic of the Covid-19 disease. Finally, we conclude that in order to prevent food contamination with coronavirus, personal hygiene, environmental hygiene and food hygiene should be observed during the epidemic period. Also, to reduce the risk of chronic and infectious diseases during the outbreak, well-balance and variety diet is essential to boost the human immune system.
Sub-acute oral toxicity evaluation of aqueous extract of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) in Balb/c mice
Authors: Bajwa Harjit Kaur , Santosh Oinam , Koul Ashwani , Bisht Madho Singh , Nirmala Chongtham
Published: March 2021

Probiotics Bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), the young tender and immature culm, is being considered as a complete health food due to its high nutritional and bioactive content. Although, freshly harvested bamboo shoots are nutritionally richer; anti-nutritional factors and toxicity in fresh shoots used for consumption are a matter of concern. This study was conducted to evaluate the sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extract in shoots of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. The bamboo shoot extract was administered orally to Balb/c mice at doses of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg, body weight for 28 days. Results revealed a significant enhancement in the level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase accompanied by a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. A dose-dependent increase was observed in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase while, a marked reduction was seen in the activity of enzyme catalase. None of any mortality and behavioral changes was observed. At higher dose (1600 mg/kg, body weight) the level of serum creatinine, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly however, the histo-architecture of liver and kidney was normal. Therefore, it is concluded that the medium-term oral administration of the bamboo shoot extract for 28 days does not cause toxicity.
Food-borne outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in school students in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Han Sung-Hee , Park Sang-Hun , Choi Sung-Sun , Jin Young-Hee , Kim Hee-Soon , Kim Jin-Seok , Park Joo-Hyun , Ryu JinKyung , Kang Min-Ji , Jeon Su-Jin , Hong Chae-Kyu , Park So-Yun , Oh Ah-Ryung , Kim Yun-Jung , Park So-Hyun , Lee JibHo , Oh Young-Hee
Published: March 2021

In September 2018, an outbreak of Listeriosis cases in Korea was traced to food involved, using retrospective cohort studies and PFGE analyses. This study aimed to describe the first L.monocytogenes outbreak identified in Korea. We confirmed the presence of Serovar (4C) and virulence genes, and evaluated the genetic correlation between isolates by restriction digestion patterns of ApaI and AscI. Based on the epidemiological association, it is presumed that the seasoned crab meat with bean sprouts are contaminated by cross contamination during the bean sprouts washing (relative risk was 1.24; p-value: 0.0021 and they possessed virulence genes. Therefore, active laboratory surveillance is necessary to recognize the risk of L. monocytogenes in Korea.
Knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and investigation of antibiotic residues in meats in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Akansale Richard , Adzitey Frederick , Teye Gabriel Ayum
Published: March 2021

The pervasiveness of antibiotic residues in animal foods undermines the safety and security of consumers. The consequences on human health through the development of antibiotic resistance is a growing disquiet to veterinary, health practitioners and stakeholders. This study evaluates the knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and the presence of antibiotic residues in chevon (lamb meat) and beef in Sunyani, Ghana. A total of 150 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, 36 samples comprising 18 beef and 18 chevon samples were analyzed for antibiotic residues using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Majority of the farmers kept only goats (30%), practiced the semi-intensive system (96%), had ever experienced infections on their farm (99.3%) and had ever used antibiotics (100%). The farmers used antibiotics mainly for therapeutic purposes (68%), encountered more diarrhea cases (65.3%), and used mostly tetracycline (56.7%) to treat their animals because of its effectiveness (84%). Most of the farmers confirmed they do not have in-depth knowledge in antibiotics (56%), received information about antibiotics mainly from veterinary officers (56%) and bought their antibiotics from veterinary shops/clinics (62.7%). The majority do not observe withdrawal periods (53.3%), were unaware misuse of antibiotics can promote pathogen resistance (76.5%), but knew consumption of antibiotic residues in meat will be harmful to humans (60%). The examination of the beef and chevon samples revealed the presence of amoxycilin, chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosine at varying concentrations. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were not detected in the meat samples. This study revealed that the farmers had limited knowledge in antibiotic usage and some antibiotic residues were present in chevon and beef sold in Sunyani, Ghana.
Antioxidant properties of traditional sour cherry juice in light and dark conditions at ambient temperature
Authors: Pirhadi Mohadeseh , Sadighara Parisa , Mohajer Afsaneh , Jahed Khaniki Gholamreza
Published: March 2021

Sour cherry is a delicious horticultural product, which has been widely developed due to the richness of valuable antioxidant and phenolic nutritional properties in the world. This research was conducted to investigate the quantitative properties of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of cherry fruit and compare it in 8 days with light and dark conditions. In this experimental study, cherries were purchased from Tehran fruit market randomly, and they were transferred to the food analysis laboratory. Subsequently, the cherry extract was taken via juicer.Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) )and total flavonoid content (TFC ) Cherry juice were measured with a UV-vis spectrophotometer every 24 h during 8 days. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. The results of the current study showed that the amount of antioxidant compounds of cherry extract in brightness and darkness was 1.96 mg/kg and 2.13 mg/kg, respectively, and the flavonoid composition of light and dark condition was 0.15 mg/kg and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively. Light can reduce the antioxidant and flavonoid properties of sour cherry juice. The antioxidant and flavonoid properties of traditional sour cherry juice extracts are sensitive to light conditions.
Food ingrdient encapsulation using nanoliposome technology: a review study
Authors: Neyestani Maral , Shariatifar Nabi
Published: March 2021

The nanoliposome is a microscopic vesicle containing a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a fluid space. The thickness of this bilayer lipid is usually between 3 and 6 nm, but the liposomes formed from them can have a diameter between 50 nm to 50 μm. Their unique properties have led to numerous applications in several scientific and technological fields. Nanoliposomes can cause controlled release of various biologically active agents, including food components and nutraceuticals at the right place and time. Therefore, nano-liposomes can increase the cellular uptake of encapsulated materials and increase their effectiveness. Food additives such as vitamins, enzymes, synthetic and natural antioxidants, synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds etc. can be converted to stable materials using nanoliposomes. As a result, this article reviews various aspects of nanoliposomes, including existing preparation techniques, and their various applications in food technology.
Investigation of total antioxidant capacity and total poly phenols of black tea in Iranian markets
Authors: Sadeghi Naficeh , Behzad Masoomeh , Jannat Behrooz , Hajimahmoodi Mannan , Oveisi Mohammad Reza , Adibhashemi Nima , Moshkafshan Majid
Published: March 2021

Tea is the most widely consumed and popular non-alcoholic beverage in the world. Reactive oxygen spices may cause wide range of damages to biological systems. Purpose of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic of different black tea samples in Iran. The FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay was used for antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content was measured based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that all samples had substantial antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Iranian tea samples had significantly the lowest 0.98 ± 0.15, 0.75 ± 0.17 µmoll-1 and Kenya tea samples had significantly the highest 2.67 ± 0.61, 2.10 ± 0.65 µmoll-1 amount of total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic, respectively. A linear positive relationship was observed between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the black tea samples. These findings suggest that black tea can be considered as natural source of antioxidant and total phenolic compounds.
Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from a popular Ready-to-Eat local food (Fufu) from commercial food vendors in Ghana
Authors: Setsoafia Saba Courage Kosi , Karikar Akosua Bonsu , Yeleliere Enoch , Takyi Patrick , Kpordze Stephen Wilson
Published: March 2021

Microbial contamination of vended foods are of public health importance due to the potential of becoming a reservoir of foodborne pathogens and resistant strains of bacteria. This study looked at the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a popular Ready-To-Eat (RTE) traditional food, Fufu in Ghana. Sixty (60) Fufu samples were obtained from various food joints categorized as Opened, Semi-closed and Closed or Restaurants. Samples were processed and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The susceptibility profiles of the isolates were obtained by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with the EUCAST guidelines with the five antibiotics. Prevalence of E. coli was 85% and Salmonella species was 68%. Microbial count of isolated E. coli ranged from 0 to 3×106 cfu/ml. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the different modes of operations. Fufu samples from Opened, Semi-closed and Closed joints were respectively contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella species as follows: 92%, 76%; 80%, 60% and 80%, 65%. The Salmonella species showed highest resistance to erythromycin (58.5%) and E. coli species were commonly resistant to Ceftazidime (88.2%) and Ceftriaxone (94.1%). All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was detected among 27.5% of E. coli strains and 14.6% of Salmonella species. Fufu from the different eating joints in the Tamale Metropolis were substantially contaminated with multidrug resistant pathogens. The study recommends surveillance studies of resistant pathogens in foods, increased education and training of food vendors on sanitation, food handling and safety practices in the region.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species isolated from broiler chicken meat samples in district Bannu, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Inam , Khurshid Hajra , Ullah Nadeem , Aziz Israr , Khan Muhammad Junaid , Khan Basit Ali , Ahmad Junaid , Ullah Zahid
Published: March 2021

The campylobacter genus of bacteria is important in public health as it comprises many species causing diarrhea in humans. Poultry and their products are recognized as vital causes of campylobacteriosis in humans. For bacterial food-borne diseases, Campylobacter is considered as the leading cause. Higher prevalence has been reported in developed countries. Our study was a cross-sectional study directed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in retail broiler meat in the Bannu district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from January to June 2018. A total of 200 poultry meat samples were collected from four different areas of district Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan that includes Lakki gate, Tanchi bazar, Bannu Township and Mangal milla. Mueller-Hinton medium was used for disc diffusion method to determine antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter species. Amongst 200 broiler meat samples, 60 (30%) samples were found positive for Campylobacter species. The highest prevalence was observed in samples from Bannu Township (50%) while lowest prevalence (12%) was observed in samples from Mangal milla broiler meat samples. Amongst different types of meat samples, highest prevalence was found in thigh meat (46%), while lowest prevalence was observed in cloacal swab (20%). Highest resistance was observed against Amoxicillin (AMX) 80% while the resistance observed against other antibiotics were Ampicillin (AMP) 70%, Tetracycline (TET) 65%, Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (SXT) 60%, Chloramphenicol (CHL) 56.66%, Clarithromycin (CLR) 50%, Streptomycin (STR) 40%, Gentamycin (GEN) 36.66%, Ofloxacin (OFX) 20%, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) 15%, Levofloxacin (LEV) 15% and Azithromycin (AZM) 10%. The lowest resistance was observed against Ceftriaxone (CRO) 5%. Our Study concludes that Campylobacter species is prevalent highly in district Bannu, and it might be a hazard to public health.
Causes, dynamics and financial losses associated with red offal condemnation at a beef abattoir in Namibia
Authors: Kandiwa Erick , Mbiri Pricilla , Samkange Alaster , Madzingira Oscar , Maseke Adrianatus , Kamwi Jessey Alice , Mushonga Borden
Published: March 2021

There are limited studies on red offal condemnations and their financial implications at high throughput abattoirs in Namibia. Causes of condemnation, temporal distributions and financial losses associated with red offal condemnations at a beef abattoir in Namibia from 2016 to 2018 were determined. A total of 39157 red offal valued at N$6 422 586.00 (US$364 805) were condemned following the slaughter of 251697 cattle. Condemnations were dependent on the year [X 2 (14) = 587.13, p<0.001], month [X 2 (77) = 1898.72, p<0.001] and season [X 2 (7) = 111.12, p<0.001] of study. Overall, 2016 had the most and 2018 the least condemnation of red offal (38.73% and 23.22%, respectively; p<0.05). Most red offal condemnations (13.34%, p<0.001) occurred in June, with livers and lungs as the most condemned organs (54.32% and 29.88%, respectively; p<0.001). The highest condemnations were caused by miscellaneous causes (such as abscesses and hematomas) followed, in descending order, by inflammatory, parasitic and bacterial causes and contaminations (38.3%, 29.4%, 16.6% and 15.8%, respectively, p<0.05). Liver condemnations varied with the year and season under study [X 2 (20) = 1834.02, p<0.001 and X 2 (9) = 1010.43, p<0.001; respectively], as were lung condemnations according to pathological condition [X 2 (12) = 492.43, p<0.001 and X 2 (6) = 45.84, p<0.001; respectively]. The occurrence of hydatidosis in the summer and pneumonia in winter were greater than expected (15.1% and 4.3%; respectively, p<0.05). A substantial loss of revenue to the abattoir due to the condemnation of livers and lungs was determined. Meat inspection served as a control point for hydatidosis.
Study of Ecological Factors Associated With Leishmaniosis in the Township Fariman 2006-2018 Years
Authors: Mazloomy MahmoodAbad Seyed Saeed , Vahidian-Shahroodi Mohammad , Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi , Minaei Masoud , Amani Dohesaran Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

Introduction: ecological factors such as climate change, environmental, social, economic and political factors are effective in increasing the incidence of Leishmaniasis disease in the Middle East. This study aimed to evaluate ecological causes of leishmaniasis in Fariman city during twelve years (2006-2017).
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, all patients residing in Fariman city who completed the Leishmaniasis Survey Form were included. The data of climatic variables of the city were also extracted and analyzed using MS- Excel and SPSS software. Finally, the above information was plotted in Arc-GIS software.
Results: The highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fariman are 38.2% in 2009 and the lowest incidence rate in 2017 was 12.0%. According to the incidence date, the disease was in summer, spring, autumn, and according to the date of diagnosis, the disease had a peak in spring, winter, autumn, and summer. In this study, there was no relationship between the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis and any of the demographic variables. There was no significant relationship between climatic variables (temperature, humidity, precipitation), climatic factor of height, vegetation index and Comprehensive plan in rural areas with leishmaniasis.
Conclusion: Considering that most cases of disease were in urban area of Fariman and two rural areas of Ghale No and Kate shamshir, in order to make better use of the GIS, entomological examination in the area and overlap of the relevant layer with other layers such as patients' accommodation and type of cutaneous leishmaniasis are required.
Investigating the Status of Citizen Participation in Urban Waste Separation from Origin and Barriers to Performing it from Their Perspective (Case Study: city of Babol)
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hassan , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Dehghani Tafti Arefeh , Morowati Sharifabad Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The best way to recycle municipal waste is when the material is separated at home by the manufacturers themselves. Achieving this goal requires the participation and cooperation of all citizens and providing the necessary infrastructure in the field of waste segregation. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the status of citizens' participation in the separation of urban waste from the source and the obstacles to their implementation.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 476 households in the city of Babol which were randomly selected as clusters.The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 21 specific and general questions. For data analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and logistic regression with 0.95 confidence level were used.
Results: Of the total households involved in the waste segregation scheme, 27.5% were frequently involved and 15.3% were sometimes involved.  91.8% of households were aware of waste separation and 8.2% were unaware of the issue of segregation.A significant proportion of urban households said that lack of patience (61.3%) and sufficient space to separate household waste (59.5%) prevented segregation, and from the point of view of municipal-related factors, non-delivery of dry waste on holidays (94.7%) , The low number of barracks (95.8%) and the lack of continuous training (95%) were reported as obstacles.
Conclusion: Major urban households reported poor municipal performance, facilities, and planning, as well as lack of patience and adequate space as barriers to separation. Planning for urban waste management is essential. .In order not to waste a country's natural resources and reduce the productive waste of citizens, it is necessary to motivate people and provide public education to citizens.
Survey of Knowledge and Perceived Self-Efficacy of Related to Dairy Consumption Among Female High-School Students in Shaft County
Authors: Rouhani-Tonekaboni Nooshin , Ashouri Asieh , Farmani-Ghasbeh Nasibeh , Mehrabian Fardin , Mahdavi-Roshan Marjan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Given the importance of adolescent health, especially for girls, and the inadequacy of dairy consumption around the world, there is a need to examine the psychological factors associated with dairy behavior. Therefore, this study was performed on high school girls.
Methods: Descriptive-analytical research was performed on 385 female high school students in Shaft city in the academic year of 2019 in the census method. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic information, knowledge structure, perceived self-efficacy, and dairy consumption behavior completed by students. To analyze the results, 21 SPSS software and Chi- Square tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression were used.
Results:n total, 221 people (57.7%) consumed less than 2 units and 162 people (42.3) consumed more than 2 units per day of dairy products. The average score of self-efficacy structures was 23.20 ± 6.6 (average) and knowledge 19.1± 3.05 (at a good level). There was no significant correlation between perceived self-efficacy and dairy consumption behavior r = 0. 199, but significant p <0.05, and no significant correlation was observed between knowledge and behavior (p> 0.05, r =- 0.25). The results of multiple logistic regression showed the predictive power of the perceived self-efficacy structure in dairy consumption behavior with a chance ratio of 1.052 (with a confidence interval of 95%: 1.089-1.016).
Conclusion:Understood self-efficacy predicted the behavior of dairy consumption in the students studied, educational interventions in schools should focus more on promoting perceptions and nutritional attitudes.
Trend of Fetal Traffic injuries in Iran from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Rezazadeh Zahra , Askarishahi Mohsen , Vakili Mahmood
Published: March 2021

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, Iran has a high level of deaths due to traffic accidents. Assessing the trend and examining the mortality situation can provide useful information for policy makers to take preventive measures and reduce the casualties caused by these accidents. n this study, the status and trend of mortality due to traffic accidents over a period of ten years has been investigated.
Methods:This study is a descriptive study that investigated the trend of deaths from traffic accidents in Iran during 2009-2018. The study data was collected from the sites of the country's forensic medicine organization and the Statistics Center of Iran and all deaths due to accidents were included in the study. After  data  collection  using  spss  version 24 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013  softwares,  the  frequency,  percentage, annual rate and   two independent  samples Test,   were  used  to  analyze data.
Results: On average, 24.1 per 100,000 people were killed in traffic accidents during the study period. There was a significant difference between the number of deaths due to road accidents in men compared to women (p-value <0.05). that More than 77 percent of the victims were men, and more than 67 percent of the deaths occurred on the out of urban  roads. Semnan, Markazi and Kerman provinces had the highest mortality rate and Tehran, Alborz and Ardabil provinces had the lowest mortality rate during this ten year period.
Discussion: The death rate from traffic accidents has decreased during the study period. But compared to the global average, it still does not have the desired situation, Which requires proper policy and management to implement immediate and effective programs.
The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention With “Choice Theory” on Weight Manengment in Women Suffered From Binge Eating
Authors: Entezari Meybodi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Massoud , Naziri Ghasem , Amini Manesh Sajjad
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Overweight and obesity is one of the physical consequences of bing eating disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life style intervention with “choice theory” on  weight manengment To reduce the severity of Binge eating in women suffered from Binge eating.
Methods: In This experimental study with pretest and post test, 45 women suffered  from Binge eating disorder with BMI ≥ 25  between 20 and 60 years Selected as available; and They were inserted completely randomly into intervention and diet and control groups (Groups of 15 people). The “Gormally's Binge Eating severity Scale” was used to assess Binge eating. Data were analyzed by SPSS/24 software.
Results: the average scores of BES and BMI of the experimental group compared to the control and diet groups decreased significantly in the post-test stage and this decrease remained relatively constant in the follow-up stage. The results showed that lifestyle modification  intervention with Choice Theory was effective in reducing the Binge Eating severity (p <0.001) and reducing body mass index (p <0.05) in women with Binge eating disorder.
Conclusion: The lifestyle intervention with “choice theory” effected on decrease the binge eating severity and body mass index of women suffered from Binge eating. Hence it is recommended that health and other organizations apply this treatment of this people.
The Effect of Forgiveness-based compassion therapy package Training and forgiveness therapy on Anger Management, Marital Adjustment, and Frequency of Love in Women with Marital Conflict
Authors: Faryabi Zahiraddin , Khayatan Felor , Manshaee Gholamreza
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Among the psychological therapies, Forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy can be helpful for women with marital conflicts. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy on anger management, marital adjustment and love frequency of women with marital conflicts
Methods: This study was an experimental (semi-experimental) three-group of two-stage (pre-test-post-test). The statistical population of the study was women with marital conflicts in Yazd, that 45 of them were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Questionnaires were used to measure research variables: Spinner's marital adjustment - Spielberger's anger management and love frequency (single question). The forgiveness-based compassion therapy group was trained for eleven sessions and the forgiveness therapy group was trained for eight sessions. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference between Forgiveness-based compassion therapy and forgiveness therapy with the control group in marital adjustment and there was a significant difference between Forgiveness-based compassion therapy with the control group in anger management, But in the variable of love frequency, the difference between the experimental and control groups was not significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, Forgiveness-based compassion therapy is effective on marital adjustment and anger management and forgiveness therapy is effective on marital adjustment. It is recommended that these two methods be used to improve the quality of married life of women with marital conflicts.
Episodic Memory bias in People with General Health and People Without it
Authors: Nikpour Fatemeh , Nikpour Gholamali , Nezhadi Azadeh , Gharibzadh Shahryar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Health is one of the categories in which it needs to look a spectrum or continuum, both physically and morally. Health is feeding good and not being sick. Many factors affect the sustain ability of health, one of the important factors is cognitive (memory) factors. Because episodic memory plays on important role in recording a person’s personal experience related to time and place. Memory bias means more or less, orientation and recall, or positive or negative and the purpose of research is to examine this bias.
Methods: The research method in this research is causal-comparative or causal, because it refers to cases where the reason has happened and researcher cannot manipulate them. The research data is collected from healthy and unhealthy people to the Williams test and then by causal research method statistical method analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyzed.
Results: Memory is a cognitive function that plays an important role in individual activities. Any wrongdoing in the memory system, including bias can provide the context of other cognitive functions and to threaten the public health. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intellectual functions of individuals affect their mental and behavioral performance.
Conclusion: Intellectual functions of individuals affect and behavioral performance orientation.
Health and Well-being Challenges of Workers on the Upstream Sector in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Mohajeri Leila , Zahed Mohammad Ali , Pakravan Morteza
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Occupational nature, strenuous physical activity, shift work, spatial and geographical location, as well as support facilities and equipment, pose greater risks to individuals in the oil and gas industry, especially those engaged in offshore oil exploration and production activities. The purpose of this article is to explain the issue of health and well-being of oil and gas industry workers with regard to accidents in this industry, which can be better and more effective by managing safety, health and environment (HSE) by modeling events in other countries.
Methods: This review article analyzes the health problems of oil and gas workers. The research question is what issues and challenges the upstream part of the oil and gas industry has in the field of employee welfare. Physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic risk factors have been investigated. It has also pushed the specific problems of the drilling industry (restrictions on offshore work, psychological hazards, stresses from frequent relocations, and sleep quality to choose from).
Results: Physical, chemical and biological hazards have been identified as the most important hazards. In addition, psychological hazards have a very serious effect on health and safety.
Conclusion: Systematic assessment of health risks, personnel health, training programs, accident analysis, is an effective method of HSE management.
HIV Seropositivity in Patients Admitted to Our Hospital: Six Year Evaluation
Authors: BAHÇECİ İlkay , YILDIZ İlknur Esen
Published: March 2021

Aim: Detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is very important in terms of quality of patients’ lives. However, it should be kept in mind that there may be false positives and tests must be confirmed. In this study, it was aimed to determine HIV seropositivity in our hospital for a period of six years and to contribute to the epidemiological data of the country.
Material and Methods: The samples that came to serology laboratory between January 2014 and December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Anti-HIV antibodies were screened in a total of 180,413 samples by the macro-ELISA method (Architect i2000sr, Abbott, USA). Patient samples were sent to the National HIV/AIDS Confirmation and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory for verification of reagents results.
Results: Anti-HIV results of 178 (0.1%) of 180,413 patients whose blood serum samples were studied with the macro-ELISA method were evaluated as reactive. Confirmation test of 102 patients were negative while 76 were positive. Patients with positive confirmation result account for 0.04% of all patients. While 67 (88.2%) of the patients with positive confirmation were male and 9 (11.8%) were female. The ages of 26-35 and 36-45 years were equal with the highest number of new cases detected (n=20, 26.3%).
Conclusion: As a result of our retrospective evaluation, HIV seropositivity, gender and age distributions in our hospital were found to be compatible with the data of our country and other studies conducted in our country. The high false positivity rate of screening tests, again indicates the importance of confirmation tests.
Club Convergence in Cigarette Consumption and Health Policies in Pre-Pandemic Period
Authors: TİRGİL Abdullah , GÖRÜŞ Muhammed Şehid , ÖZGÜR Önder
Published: March 2021

Aim: Turkey introduced price and non-price measures in recent years to reduce smoking. The government banned smoking in all enclosed workplaces and public places. Then, they extended the ban to include all restaurants, cafeterias, and the hospitality sector in 2009 and increased the Special Consumption Tax dramatically on tobacco products by 20 percent in 2010. This study aims to examine regional disparities in cigarette consumption across Turkish cities employing provincial-level data by utilizing a club convergence test.
Material and Methods: We report some descriptive results for the smoking trend for sub-regions of Turkey. Then, we explore regional disparities in smoking across Turkish provinces, employing monthly provincial-level data, through a club convergence test in pre-pandemic period, 2009-2017.
Results: Our results suggest that the initial effects of the anti-tobacco policies resulted in a substantial decline in smoking. It seems that distinct regions behave differently to the policy changes in a way that some areas reduce their cigarette consumption considerably while some regions did not. Club convergence test results demonstrate that it is not proper to conduct a common tobacco control policy in Turkey since there is more than one convergence club in the analyses.
Conclusion: We encourage authorities to decentralize power by including local agencies and municipalities in enforcing the anti-tobacco law. We urge authorities to take different policy measures for different regions. Besides, from a pandemic perspective, one can argue that the regional disparities in cigarette consumption is also a signal for the need of diversified health policies across regions in Turkey.
The Role of Media in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in terms of Effective Health Care Management
Authors: KIRAN Elif , BÖLÜKBAŞI Adem
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to handle the role of the media from a sociological point of view focusing on the management of the coronavirus pandemic and the crisis caused by this pandemic, with an effective health management.
Material and Methods: In this study, the qualitative method has been adopted, and online ethnography and visual document analysis techniques have been used. For this purpose, visual and written materials, and mottos were examined in cyberspace and in conventional media.
Results: Media has a significant role in managing health care effectively during the pandemic since it has the instruments to influence individuals and public. However, both conventional and new media ignores the social and economic disparities but underlines the personal dimension instead by creating an infodemic situation and using the pandemic as a source of info-tainment in their representations regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Conclusion: It is concluded that mass media has been a very frequently used tool for getting and sharing information since the very beginning of the pandemic. Therefore, it is clear that objective and correct information provided by the media is vital for an effective health care management during the pandemic. However, the manipulative facade of media is very vivid on especially the issues of ignoring inequalities, burdening the individual with the whole responsibility of his/her health behaviors, conveying conspiracy theories and leading to an infodemic.
An Evaluation of the Performance of the Turkish Health System in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ATEŞ Hamza , KIRILMAZ Harun
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is among the deadliest pandemics due to its impact on human health and its spread throughout the world. The impact of this outbreak has led to social, economic and human institutional transformations, especially health. Analyzing the performance of health systems at the point of identifying problems related to the current situation and developing solution suggestions, while providing opportunities to develop policy suggestions that will minimize the effects of the pandemic in the short term, can provide new perspectives to service delivery in the long term. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Turkish health system in the COVID-19 pandemic and to contribute to the solution of problems. Within the scope of the study, the economic, social and technological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed, and its effects on the health system were evaluated. In the study, the performance of the health system and the reflections of the political and administrative system on the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic were also discussed. It is thought that this study will provide an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the steps taken in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the study, it will be possible to put forward a model proposal for the provision of health services in case of a global epidemic. In addition, in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is thought that the Ministry of Health will allow the evaluation of the health system and health service delivery.
Gender studies und die Literaturwissenschaft
Authors: Chołuj Bożena
Published: March 2021

Gender studies werden hier vor allem in Bezug auf die Literaturwissenschaft dargestellt und im politischen Kontext der zweiten Frauenbewegung und Frauenforschung verortet. Mit Beispielen aus Deutschland und Polen werden ihre Methoden, Forschungsbereiche, Forschungsergebnisse und Entwicklungstendenzen besprochen. Diese Reflexionen bauen auf der These auf, dass ‚gender‘ eine wissenschaftliche Tatsache im Sinne Ludwik Flecks ist und gleichzeitig eine wissenschaftliche Analysekategorie, die die meisten Wissenschaftsdisziplinen auf die Bedeutung der Differenz hin öffnet.
Wer spricht? Über die Formen der Redewiedergabe im Deutschen
Authors: Thieroff Rolf
Published: March 2021

In dem Beitrag werden die formalen Unterschiede besprochen, die zwischen der so genannten ‚direkten Rede‘ und der so genannten ‚indirekten Rede‘ bestehen, und es werden Probleme diskutiert, die bei der Identifikation des Originalsprechers der wiedergegebenen Rede auftreten können. Bei der indirekten Rede wird differenziert zwischen markierter und nicht-markierter indirekter Rede, und es wird gezeigt, dass die uneingeleitete indirekte Rede im Indikativ, von der behauptet wird, dass sie im Gesprochenen vorherrsche, besondere Probleme hinsichtlich der Identifikation des Sprechers birgt. Insgesamt ergibt sich, dass die Antwort auf die Frage „Wer spricht?“ mit zunehmendem formalem Aufwand für die Kennzeichnung der Redewiedergabe deutlich erleichtert wird.
Angstgefühle und deren mögliche Auswirkungen auf das Lernen von Fremdsprachen. Fokus: Studienanfänger/innen in der Germanistik – eine Fallstudie
Authors: Nerlicki Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Angst ist unzweifelhaft einer der individuellen Faktoren, die das Lernen einer Fremdsprache überwiegend beeinträchtigen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine empirische Analyse vorgestellt, in der die Studienanfänger/innen in Germanistik nach ihren Schulerfahrungen beim Deutschlernen gefragt wurden. Die Daten wurden mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen von HORWITZ / HORWITZ / COPE (1986) erhoben. Untersucht wurden zwei Gruppen – Magisterstudierende und Berufsstudierende. Die Ergebnisse haben keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen ergeben, wobei sich in einigen Aspekten doch Differenzen beobachten lassen. Die Diskussion bezieht sich auf die möglichen Ursachen der Angstentstehung und didaktische Möglichkeiten, wie man den hinderlichen Angstgefühlen entgegenwirken kann.
Informationen und Berichte
Authors: Bilut-Homplewicz Zofia , Byczkiewicz Anna , Gajewska Anna , Księżyk Felicja
Published: March 2021

„Terra grammatica: Ideen – Methoden – Modelle“. Obrzycko, 27.-29.9.2006

„Verbalisierung und Visualisierung der Erinnerung. Literatur und Medien in Österreich“. Polnisch-österreichisches Germanistentreffen,Łódź, 27.9.-30.9.2006

„Die Architektur der Weiblichkeit. Die Identitätskonstruktionen in der zeitgenössischen Literatur der österreichischen Autorinnen.“Internationale Konferenz in Poznań, 19.-20.4.2007

„Germanistische Wahrnehmungen der Multimedialität, Multilingualität und Multikulturalität“. Internationale wissenschaftlicheTagung des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten. Opole, 11.-13.5.2007
Textural Characterization of Dietetic Amrakhand Prepared by using Stevia Leaf Extracts Powder
Authors: Tondare Jairaj C. , Hembade Ashok S.
Published: March 2021

Background: The name Amrakhand comes from two words ‘aam’ and ‘shrikhand’ literally meaning mango shrikhand. It is popular mango yoghurt in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Amrakhand contains high sugar content, but in the context of health consciousness refined carbohydrate is necessary to curb in the diet of both insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetic patient. Hence dietetic Amrakhand was prepared using stevia to study its effect and suitability as a natural sweetener. Methods: Amrakhand prepared using different proportions of sucrose and powdered stevia leaf extract. The proportions used are 30:70 (T1), 25:75 (T2), 20: 80 (T3), 15:85 (T4), 10:90 (T5) with control sample 100:0 (T0). Textural properties of dietetic Amrakhand such as hardness, consistency, index of viscosity and cohesiveness were evaluated by using a texture analyzer (TA-XT2I, Stable Micro System, UK). Result: Textural parameters reveals that effect of increasing the concentration level of powdered stevia leaf extract, decreases the hardness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity values of the product. Whereas good sensory results were found at 70% (T1) of sucrose replacement by stevia leaf extract in dietetic Amrakhand. Hence, present paper focused on evaluation of textural characterization of dietetic Amrakhand prepared by using Stevia leaf extracts powder.