bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does labelling of healthy foods on menus using symbols promote better choices at the point-of-purchase?
Authors: Roy Rajshri , Alassadi Deema
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Take-away foods account for a significant proportion of dietary intake among young adults (18–35 years). Young adults want nutrition information at the point-of-purchase (POP); however, it is either unavailable, perceived as ineffective or difficult to use. The present study examined whether symbols on university food outlet menus identifying healthier options would increase their sales and consumer’s awareness of these symbols, purchasing factors and barriers to eating healthy foods.

Design:

Repeated-measures, comparison group, quasi-experimental study.

Setting:

Two carefully matched university food outlets were analysed to determine the targeted items. Tick symbols ✓ were placed next to the targeted items in the experimental outlet. No changes were made at the comparison outlet. Customers were surveyed at the experimental outlet. Food sales were collected for 4 weeks from both outlets at baseline and during the intervention. Food sales were also collected from the experimental outlet 10 weeks later.

Participants:

Food outlet patrons.

Results:

Significant increases in food sales were observed during observation 3 compared with observation 1 (P= 0·0004) and observation 2 (P= 0·0002). Sixty-eight per cent of respondents noticed the symbols, and of that, 30 % reported being influenced. Taste was the most common purchasing factor, and people were less likely to select taste as a factor if they were influenced by the symbols (P= 0·04).

Conclusions:

Identifying healthier options with a symbol at the POP increased sales over time. Several purchasing factors (price, taste and healthy food availability) need to be addressed to improve the food selection of young adults.
Towards more comprehensive health law and policy research
Authors: Brooks Eleanor , de Ruijter Anniek
Published: August 2020

In this comment, and drawing on the papers in the special issue, we ask: what are the core questions for the future of research into health law and policy, and European health law and policy more specifically? We first sketch the general functions and values of health law and policy. We then outline how these functions and values are affected by globalisation and Europeanisation, on the one hand, and technological change and digitalisation, on the other. In light of these developments we carve out some questions for future research and the implications of this agenda for the academic community that is working on European health law and policy.
Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Land Use Changes and Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tropical Lowlands Inferred From Radiocarbon
Authors: Finstad Kari , van Straaten Oliver , Veldkamp Edzo , McFarlane Karis
Published: August 2020

Tropical forests account for a large portion of the Earth's terrestrial carbon pool. However, rapid deforestation threatens the stability of this carbon. We examine radiocarbon (Δ14C) and stable carbon (δ13C) isotopes of soil organic matter to provide insight into rates of carbon turnover, inputs, and losses of pasture‐derived (C4) versus forest or oil palm‐derived (C3) carbon. Data are presented for natural lowland forests on mineral soil converted to pastures in Peru and to oil palm plantations in Peru, Indonesia, and Cameroon. We additionally examine plots of secondary forests following agricultural use. There were large losses in carbon stocks under both pasture and oil palms. In the plots converted to pasture, our data indicate a preferential loss of relatively young carbon, and a greater loss of forest‐derived carbon than replacement with pasture‐derived carbon. Natural forests converted directly to oil palm plantations sustained losses in carbon, but Δ14C values suggest that the soil may retain a sufficient amount of newly acquired carbon to offset initial losses of young carbon. Furthermore, replacement of pastures with oil palm plantations facilitates the accumulation of young carbon, which may lead to a gradual increase in carbon stocks. The sites examined here are representative of the biophysical characteristics in roughly half of the humid tropics, suggesting that these findings may be applicable to a large area of similarly managed mineral soils in lowland tropical forests.
Meteor Radar Observations of Lunar Semidiurnal Oscillations in the Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Over Low and Equatorial Latitudes and Their Variability During Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Koushik N. , Kumar K. K. , Vineeth C. , Ramkumar G. , Subrahmanyam K. V.
Published: August 2020

Climatology of lunar semidiurnal (LSD) oscillations is constructed using a decade of meteor radar observations over low and equatorial latitudes, and their response to sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events is discussed. Meteor radar‐measured hourly zonal and meridional winds in the 80–100 km region over Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E) and Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E) have been used to extract the LSD amplitudes during the years 2006–2015 and 2002–2012, respectively. The similarities/discrepancies in the climatology of LSD over low and equatorial latitudes as compared to Vial and Forbes lunar tidal model outputs are discussed. The present results obtained using four individual cases over Thumba and Kototabang indicate that the amplitudes of LSD show pronounced enhancement during polar vortex weakening (PVW) events rather than the conventional SSW events. Case studies presented in this study are characterized by simultaneous occurrence of enhanced LSD amplitudes and reduced solar semidiurnal (SSD) amplitudes, together with the presence of a quasi 16 day (Q16D) wave. Thus, present results corroborate the existence of nonlinear interaction between the Q16D wave and the SSD in the equatorial latitude and low‐latitude mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) region during PVW/SSW events and their potential contamination to LSD amplitudes. Further, using ground‐based magnetometer measurements from the dip equatorial site Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77°E, 0.23° dip angle), LSD amplitudes in EEJ intensities are also estimated. An excellent association is found between the temporal evolution of LSD amplitudes in zonal winds at MLT region and in the intensity of EEJ, providing a paradigmatic example of MLT‐ionosphere coupling.
A New Algorithm for Sea Ice Melt Pond Fraction Estimation From High‐Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Su Jie , Landy Jack , Leppäranta Matti , Guan Lei
Published: August 2020

Melt ponds occupy a large fraction of the Arctic sea ice surface during spring and summer. The fraction and distribution of melt ponds have considerable impacts on Arctic climate and ecosystem by reducing the albedo. There is an urgency to obtain improved accuracy and a wider coverage of melt pond fraction (MPF) data for studying these processes. MPF information has generally been acquired from optical imagery. Conventional MPF algorithms based on high‐resolution optical sensors have treated melt ponds as features with constant reflectance; however, the spectral reflectance of ponds can vary greatly, even at a local scale. Here we use Sentinel‐2 imagery to demonstrate those previous algorithms assuming fixed melt pond‐reflectance greatly underestimate MPF. We propose a new algorithm (“LinearPolar”) based on the polar coordinate transformation that treats melt ponds as variable‐reflectance features and calculates MPF across the vector between melt pond and bare ice axes. The angular coordinate θ of the polar coordinate system, which is only associated with pond fraction rather than reflectance, is used to determinate MPF. By comparing the new algorithm and previous methods with IceBridge optical imagery data, across a variety of Sentinel‐2 images with melt ponds at various stages of development, we show that the RMSE value of the LinearPolar algorithm is about 30% lower than for the previous algorithms. Moreover, based on a sensitivity test, the new algorithm is also less sensitive to the subjective threshold for melt pond reflectance than previous algorithms.
Why Do Benguela Niños Lead Atlantic Niños?
Authors: Illig Serena , Bachèlery Marie‐Lou , Lübbecke Joke F.
Published: August 2020

We investigate the lag between warm interannual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) events in the eastern‐equatorial Atlantic, the Atlantic Niños, and the occurrence of Benguela Niños along the southwestern Angolan coast. While it is commonly agreed that both events are associated with equatorial and subsequent coastal‐trapped wave propagations driven remotely by a relaxation of the trade‐winds, it is surprising that SST anomalies off Angola tend to precede the ones in the eastern‐equatorial sector by ~1 month. To explain this counterintuitive behavior, our methodology is based on the experimentation with a Tropical Atlantic Ocean model. Using idealized wind‐stress perturbations from a composite analysis, we trigger warm equatorial and coastal events over a stationary and then, seasonally varying ocean mean‐state. In agreement with the linear dynamics, our results show that when the interannual wind‐stress forcing is restricted to the western‐central equatorial Atlantic, the model yields equatorial events leading the coastal ones. This implies that neither the differences in the ocean stratification between the two regions (thermocline depths or modal wave contributions) nor the seasonal phasing of the events explains the observed temporal sequence. Only if wind‐stress anomalies are also prescribed in the coastal fringe, the coastal warming precedes the eastern‐equatorial SST anomaly peak, emphasizing the role of the local forcing in the phenology of Benguela Niños. A weaker South‐Atlantic Anticyclone initiates the coastal warming before the development of eastern‐equatorial SST anomalies. Then, equatorward coastal wind anomalies, driven by a convergent anomalous circulation located on the warm Atlantic Niño, stop the remotely forced coastal warming prematurely.
Decadal Viscoelastic Postseismic Deformation of the 1964 Mw9.2 Alaska Earthquake
Authors: Huang Kejing , Hu Yan , Freymueller Jeffrey T.
Published: August 2020

Viscoelastic postseismic deformation after the 1964 Mw9.2 Alaska earthquake extends thousands of kilometers from the rupture region and lasts for decades, providing unique opportunities to better understand the three‐dimensional rheological properties of the Alaska subduction zone. We have optimized a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study processes that control the postseismic deformation of the 1964 event. The model includes an elastic continental plate and an elastic oceanic plate, a two‐layered viscoelastic oceanic upper mantle, and a uniform viscoelastic mantle wedge. Stress‐driven afterslip is simulated by a thin weak shear zone. The viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and shear zone is represented by the bi‐viscous Burgers rheology. The model has determined the viscosities of the mantle wedge and shear zone to be 3 × 1019 Pa s and 8 × 1016 Pa s, respectively. The afterslip takes place mostly within the first 5 years after the earthquake and is up to 4 m, equivalent to a modeled earthquake of Mw8.5. Model results reveal a spatial and temporal correlation between the afterslip distribution and later slow slip events. The model predicts that the surface deformation about 200 years after the earthquake will be controlled mostly by the relocking of the fault. Further tests on the impact of lateral variation in the mantle wedge viscosity indicate that the viscosity in the continental upper mantle thousands of kilometers from the rupture area may be about an order of magnitude higher than that of the mantle wedge in the subduction zone.
Evidence for Fluid Migration During the 2016 Meinong, Taiwan, Aftershock Sequence
Authors: Hsu Y.‐F. , Huang H.‐H. , Huang M.‐H. , Tsai V. C. , Chuang R. Y. , Feng K.‐F. , Lin S.‐H.
Published: August 2020

An important question of earthquake science is to what extent fluids such as water play an important role in modulating seismicity. While many models of earthquake rupture assume that fluids are critical for dynamic weakening during slip and evidence for fluids is well documented for shallow injection‐induced or hydrothermally induced earthquakes, there has been limited conclusive evidence for the role of fluids for tectonic earthquakes in the middle‐to‐lower crust. Here, we provide evidence for fluid migration during the 2016 Meinong, Taiwan, aftershock sequence, occurring at 10–20 km depth within a classic fold‐and‐thrust belt. We find high Vp/Vs ratios, characteristic of highly fluid saturated regions, in the Meinong aftershock region and that the Vp/Vs ratios in the central aftershock region change with time during the aftershock sequence. The central aftershock sequence distinguishes itself from other aftershocks by having a swarm‐like magnitude distribution and aftershock decay rate, as well as a slower migration rate that may be related to fluid diffusion. The estimated permeability (~3.8 × 10−15 m2) and temporal changes in Vp/Vs suggest that moderate earthquakes may be able to strongly affect permeabilities in the midcrust. The results also suggest that fluid processes play a critical role in regulating seismicity in a classic continental collision tectonic setting and may also have a role in modifying earthquake hazards more generally.
Hypogenic Versus Epigenic Origin of Deep Underwater Caves Illustrated by the Hranice Abyss (Czech Republic)—The World's Deepest Freshwater Cave
Authors: Klanica Radek , Kadlec Jaroslav , Tábořík Petr , Mrlina Jan , Valenta Jan , Kováčiková Světlana , Hill Graham J.
Published: August 2020

Extremely deep freshwater filled cave systems are common in karst systems globally. The origin and evolution of such caves are usually attributed to hypogenic (bottom‐up) processes, in which acidic groundwater dissolves limestone from below. However, these deep cave systems can form by epigenic (top‐down) processes, with meteoric waters descending from the surface underground. The Hranice Abyss (Czech Republic), with a reached depth of 473.5 m, is the deepest mapped extent of such a system globally, although its maximum depth is unknown. Multiple geophysical data sets (gravity, electrical resistivity tomography, audiomagnetotellurics, and seismic refraction and reflection) are used to investigate the extent and formation of the Hranice Abyss. The geophysical results suggest the Hranice Abyss extends to depths of ~1 km. Further, we identify structures within the karst, including buried cockpit karst towers with several NW‐SE‐oriented valleys. The new geophysical results from the Hranice Abyss, considered in combination with geological constraints of the region (tectonic evolution and morphology of karst structure), suggest an epigenic formation process, rather than the traditionally invoked hypogenic origin. Formation by epigenic rather than hypogenic processes has implications for local and regional karst history associated with areas hosting deep karst systems.
Lateral Termination of a Cycladic‐Style Detachment System (Hymittos, Greece)
Authors: Coleman M. J. , Schneider D. A. , Grasemann B. , Soukis K. , Lozios S. , Hollinetz M. S.
Published: August 2020

The bedrock of Hymittos, Attic peninsula, Greece, exposes a pair of low‐angle crustal‐scale ductile‐then‐brittle detachment faults. The uppermost detachment fault separates sub‐greenschist facies phyllite and marble of a Pelagonian Zone hanging wall, from greenschist facies metasedimentary schist, calc‐schist, and marble correlated to the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. A second, structurally lower detachment fault subdivides the metamorphic rocks of the Cycladic blueschist unit footwall into middle and lower units. There is a marked step in metamorphic grade between the sub‐greenschist facies uppermost package, and the middle‐to‐upper greenschist facies middle and lower packages. A suite of new white mica40Ar/39Ar and zircon (U‐Th)/He dates indicates accommodation of deformation along these faults occurred from the late Oligocene to the late Miocene with both faults active during the middle Miocene. The structures have clear top‐S/SSW kinematics determined from flanking folds, sigmoids, shear bands, stair‐stepping of strain shadows on porphyroclasts, and SCC' fabrics. The ductile‐to‐brittle deformation of the structures, morphology of the massif, and the increase in metamorphic grade suggest these low‐angle structures are part of a major, crustal‐scale extensional complex, located at the northwest end of the West Cycladic Detachment System, that accommodated Miocene bivergent exhumation of Attic‐Cycladic metamorphic core complexes in the central Aegean. Taken together, the above data suggest that multiple coeval detachment branches may form in areas with high strain gradients to accommodate the mechanically necessary termination of Cycladic‐style detachment systems.
Origin of Low‐Angle Ductile/Brittle Detachments: Examples From the Cretaceous Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex in Eastern China
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Zhu Guang , Yin Hao , Su Nan , Lu Yuanchao , Zhang Shuai , Xie Chenglong
Published: August 2020

The origin of low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) and shear zones is subject to debate, and the Linglong metamorphic core complex (MCC) in eastern China provides good examples of how they form. Here we present structural and geochronological data that shed light on the geometry, kinematics, and evolution of this MCC. The MCC is bound by the Zhaoping and Jiaojia detachments with an opposite vergence and appears as a bivergent MCC. Both detachments consist of low‐angle ductile shear zones and parallel normal faults. A series of NNE‐SSW‐striking low‐angle normal‐sense shear zones, including ones that are subhorizontal, occur within the northern part of the MCC, and they show opposite tectonic vergence on either side of the MCC. Microstructures in the shear zones suggest that temperatures during deformation were mainly 300–400°C, corresponding to the brittle‐ductile transition. These shear zones are typically overprinted by brittle deformation structures represented by foliation‐parallel normal faults, local LANFs, and widespread high‐angle normal faults. Zircon U‐Pb dating of intrusive rocks within these shear zones constrains the formation of the MCC to 137–108 Ma. Regional NW‐SE extension was responsible for the development of the MCC. The two low‐angle detachments were initiated along the boundary of the preexisting Linglong batholith. The low‐angle shear zones within the MCC formed due to synchronous extension and arching, and their orientations were affected by synkinematic intrusion. Later LANFs developed mainly along the previous low‐angle shear zones due to their high reactivation angles and the arching‐induced flexural stresses.
The potential role of YAP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shin Eunbie , Kim Joon
Published: August 2020

The transcriptional cofactor YAP and its inhibitory regulators, Hippo kinases and adapter proteins, constitute an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size and cell fate. The activity of the Hippo-YAP pathway is determined by a variety of intracellular and intercellular cues, such as cell polarity, junctions, density, mechanical stress, energy status, and growth factor signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that YAP can induce the expression of a set of genes that allow cancer cells to gain a survival advantage and aggressive behavior. Comprehensive genomic studies have revealed frequent focal amplifications of the YAP locus in human carcinomas, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, FAT1, which encodes an upstream component of Hippo signaling, is one of the most commonly altered genes in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the causes and functional consequences of YAP dysregulation in HNSCC. We also address interactions between YAP and other oncogenic drivers of HNSCC.
Successful application of genome sequencing in a diagnostic setting: 1007 index cases from a clinically heterogeneous cohort
Authors: Bertoli-Avella Aida M. , Beetz Christian , Ameziane Najim , Rocha Maria Eugenia , Guatibonza Pilar , Pereira Catarina , Calvo Maria , Herrera-Ordonez Natalia , Segura-Castel Monica , Diego-Alvarez Dan , Zawada Michal , Kandaswamy Krishna K. , Werber Martin , Paknia Omid , Zielske Susan , Ugrinovski Dimitar , Warnack Gitte , Kampe Kapil , Iurașcu Marius-Ionuț , Cozma Claudia , Vogel Florian , Alhashem Amal , Hertecant Jozef , Al-Shamsi Aisha M. , Alswaid Abdulrahman Faiz , Eyaid Wafaa , Al Mutairi Fuad , Alfares Ahmed , Albalwi Mohammed A. , Alfadhel Majid , Al-Sannaa Nouriya Abbas , Reardon Willie , Alanay Yasemin , Rolfs Arndt , Bauer Peter
Published: August 2020

Despite clear technical superiority of genome sequencing (GS) over other diagnostic methods such as exome sequencing (ES), few studies are available regarding the advantages of its clinical application. We analyzed 1007 consecutive index cases for whom GS was performed in a diagnostic setting over a 2-year period. We reported pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that explain the patients’ phenotype in 212 of the 1007 cases (21.1%). In 245 additional cases (24.3%), a variant of unknown significance (VUS) related to the phenotype was reported. We especially investigated patients which had had ES with no genetic diagnosis (n = 358). For this group, GS diagnostic yield was 14.5% (52 patients with P/LP out of 358). GS should be especially indicated for ES-negative cases since up to 29.6% of them  could benefit from GS testing (14.5% with P/LP,n = 52 and 15.1% with VUS,n = 54). Genetic diagnoses in most of the ES-negative/GS-positive cases were determined by technical superiority of GS, i.e., access to noncoding regions and more uniform coverage. Importantly, we reported 79 noncoding variants, of which, 41 variants were classified as P/LP. Interpretation of noncoding variants remains challenging, and in many cases, complementary methods based on direct enzyme assessment, biomarker testing and RNA analysis are needed for variant classification and diagnosis. We present the largest cohort of patients with GS performed in a clinical setting to date. The results of this study should direct the decision for GS as standard second-line, or even first-line stand-alone test.
Agar with embedded channels to study root growth
Authors: Aziz Azlan Abdul , Lim Kai Boon , Rahman Ena Kartina Abdul , Nurmawati Muhammad Hanafiah , Zuruzi Abu Samah
Published: August 2020

Agar have long been used as a growth media for plants. Here, we made agar media with embedded fluidic channels to study the effect of exposure to nutrient solution on root growth and pull-out force. Black Eye bean (Vigna Unguiculata) and Mung bean (Vigna Radiata) were used in this study due to their rapid root development. Agar media were fabricated using casting process with removable cores to form channels which were subsequently filled with nutrient solution. Upon germination, beans were transplanted onto the agar media and allowed to grow. Pull-out force was determined at 96, 120 and 144 h after germination by applying a force on the hypocotyl above the gel surface. The effect of nutrients was investigated by comparing corresponding data obtained from control plants which have not been exposed to nutrient solution. Pull-out force of Black Eye bean plantlets grown in agar with nutrient solution in channels was greater than those grown in gel without nutrients and was 110% greater after 144 h of germination. Pull-out force of Mung bean plantlets grown in agar with and without nutrient solution was similar. Tap root lengths of Black Eye bean and Mung Bean plantlets grown in agar with nutrient solution are shorter than those grown without nutrient.
Unitary transformation for Poincaré beams on different parts of Poincaré sphere
Authors: Sun Xibo , Geng Yuanchao , Zhu Qihua , Huang Wanqing , Zhang Ying , Wang Wenyi , Liu Lanqin
Published: August 2020

We construct an experimental setup, consisting of conical refraction transformation in two biaxial cascade crystals and 4f-system, to realize Unitary transformation of light beam and the manipulation of Poincaré beams on the different parts of Poincaré sphere. The spatial structure of the polarization can be controlled by changing the polarization of the incident beam or rotating the angle between these two crystals. The beams with different SoPs covering the full-Poincaré sphere, part-Poincaré sphere and one point on the sphere are generated for the different angles between crystals. The Unitary transformation of light beam is proposed in the experiment with the invariant intensity distribution. Subsequently, the spin angular momentum is derived from the distribution of polarization measured in our experiment. Moreover, the conversion between orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum of light beam is obtained by changing the angle between crystals. And the conversion progress can also be influenced by the polarization of incident beam. We realized the continuous control of the spatial structure of the angular momentum density, which has potential in the manipulation of optical trapping systems and polarization-multiplexed free-space optical communication.
Increasing incidence of acute autoimmune hepatitis: a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa , Abe Kazumichi , Zeniya Mikio , Abe Masanori , Arinaga-Hino Teruko , Torimura Takuji , Yoshizawa Kaname , Takaki Akinobu , Kang Jong-Hon , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Inui Ayano , Tanaka Atsushi , Takikawa Hajime
Published: August 2020

The Japanese diagnostic guidelines for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were proposed in 2014. This study aimed to determine the trends and characteristics of AIH based on a Japanese nationwide survey. Data for 796 patients who were newly diagnosed with AIH from 2014 to 2017 were collected from January to March, 2019 from 54 hospitals throughout Japan. Clinical characteristics, including treatment, were compared with those reported in a prior 2015 survey. The population had a median age of 63 years at diagnosis, and the male to female ratio was 1:5.3. The numbers of women was significantly lower in this survey than in the 2015 survey. Moreover, the incidence of AIH with histological acute hepatitis increased significantly from 11.0 to 21.7%. The changes in the laboratory findings, such as in transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels and antinuclear antibody titers, as well as in prednisolone treatment, reflected an increasing incidence of acute AIH. The clinical characteristics of AIH changed rapidly, in parallel with the increasing incidence of acute AIH. The elucidation and diagnosis of AIH with acute hepatitis are important in the management of AIH.
Coordinated regulation of Rel expression by MAP3K4, CBP, and HDAC6 controls phenotypic switching
Authors: Shendy Noha Ahmed Mohammed , Raghu Deepthi , Roy Sujoy , Perry Charles Hamilton , Safi Adiba , Branco Miguel Ramos , Homayouni Ramin , Abell Amy Noel
Published: August 2020

Coordinated gene expression is required for phenotypic switching between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes during normal development and in disease states. Trophoblast stem (TS) cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during implantation and placentation. Mechanisms coordinating gene expression during these processes are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that MAP3K4-regulated chromatin modifiers CBP and HDAC6 each regulate thousands of genes during EMT in TS cells. Here we show that CBP and HDAC6 coordinate expression of only 183 genes predicted to be critical regulators of phenotypic switching. The highest-ranking co-regulated gene is the NF-κB family member Rel. Although NF-κB is primarily regulated post-transcriptionally, CBP and HDAC6 control Rel transcript levels by binding Rel regulatory regions and controlling histone acetylation. REL re-expression in mesenchymal-like TS cells induces a mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Importantly, REL forms a feedback loop, blocking HDAC6 expression and nuclear localization. Together, our work defines a developmental program coordinating phenotypic switching.
Loss of β-cell identity and diabetic phenotype in mice caused by disruption of CNOT3-dependent mRNA deadenylation
Authors: Mostafa Dina , Yanagiya Akiko , Georgiadou Eleni , Wu Yibo , Stylianides Theodoros , Rutter Guy A. , Suzuki Toru , Yamamoto Tadashi
Published: August 2020

Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for production and secretion of insulin in response to increasing blood glucose levels. Defects in β-cell function lead to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Here, we show that CNOT3, a CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex subunit, is dysregulated in islets in diabetic db/db mice, and that it is essential for murine β cell maturation and identity. Mice with β cell-specific Cnot3 deletion (Cnot3βKO) exhibit impaired glucose tolerance, decreased β cell mass, and they gradually develop diabetes. Cnot3βKO islets display decreased expression of key regulators of β cell maturation and function. Moreover, they show an increase of progenitor cell markers, β cell-disallowed genes, and genes relevant to altered β cell function. Cnot3βKO islets exhibit altered deadenylation and increased mRNA stability, partly accounting for the increased expression of those genes. Together, these data reveal that CNOT3-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay constitute previously unsuspected post-transcriptional mechanisms essential for β cell identity.
A Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor integrated automated microfluidic system for multiplex inflammatory biomarker detection
Authors: Chen Jhih-Siang , Chen Pin-Fan , Lin Hana Tzu-Han , Huang Nien-Tsu
Published: August 2020

We integrated an LSPR sensor with a single-layer four-channel microfluidic device operated via the automated microfluidic control system to realize multiplex inflammatory biomarker detection.
Unprecedented formation of reverse micellar vesicles from psuedopeptidic bottlebrush polymers
Authors: Dhawan Sameer , Singh Hanuman , Ghosh Sukanya , Khokhar Vaishali , Pandey Siddharth , Banerjee Manidipa , Haridas V.
Published: August 2020

Self-assembly of psuedopeptidic polymers to vesicles is reported and the mechanism of this spherical assembly has also been delineated.
Recent advances in the development of anti-infective peptoids
Authors: Bicker Kevin L. , Cobb Steven L
Published: August 2020

This feature article highlights the progress that has been made towards the development of novel anti-infective peptoids and the key areas for future development within this field.
Atom economical coupling of benzophenone and N-heterocyclic aromatics with SmI2
Authors: Jaoul Arnaud , Yang Yan , Casaretto Nicolas , Clavaguéra Carine , Maron Laurent , Nocton Grégory
Published: August 2020

The mechanism of the direct coupling of benzophenone with N-heteroaromatics leading to pyridinemethanols using SmI2 as a unique reagent is unraveled.
Insight into hydroxyl radical-mediated cleavage of caged methylene blue: the role of Fenton's catalyst for antimalarial hybrid drug activation
Authors: Dao Huy Minh , Husain Islam , Shankar Vijay Kumar , Khan Shabana I. , Murthy S. Narasimha , Jo Seongbong
Published: August 2020

Probed by this platform, hemoproteins were demonstrated to be a much more efficient Fenton's catalyst than commonly used inorganic Fe(ii) salts.
New insights into O and OH adsorption on the Pt–Co alloy surface: effects of Pt/Co ratios and structures
Authors: Zhao Peng , Qin Xiaoqian , Li Haibo , Qu Konggang , Li Rui
Published: August 2020

Our DFT study shows how the composition and surface electronic structure of Pt–Co alloys affect the adsorption of O and OH.
Proton-responsive naphthyridinone-based RuII complexes and their reactivity with water and alcohols
Authors: Gallardo-Villagrán Manuel , Rivada-Wheelaghan Orestes , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Fayzullin Robert R. , Khusnutdinova Julia R.
Published: August 2020

Ru complexes showing dual reactivity with base either at methylene arm or NH group promote acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation.
A sea-urchin-structured NiCo2O4decorated Mn0.05Cd0.95S p–n heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Hai , Su Peng , Jin Zhiliang , Guo Qingjie
Published: August 2020

The development of low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts is an important way to realize photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-substituted hypersilylsilylene: reversible and irreversible activation of CC double bonds and dihydrogen
Authors: Leszczyńska Kinga I. , Deglmann Peter , Präsang Carsten , Huch Volker , Zimmer Michael , Schweinfurth David , Scheschkewitz David
Published: August 2020

A hypersilyl half-sandwich silicon(ii) complex in action.
One-pot synthesis of pyrrolidones from levulinic acid and amines/nitroarenes/nitriles over the Ir-PVP catalyst
Authors: Chaudhari Chandan , Shiraishi Masaya , Nishida Yoshihide , Sato Katsutoshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi
Published: August 2020

Recyclable Ir-PVP catalyzed one-pot syntheses of pyrrolidones were achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Design and synthesis of florylpicoxamid, a fungicide derived from renewable raw materials
Authors: Babij Nicholas R. , Choy Nakyen , Cismesia Megan A. , Couling David J. , Hough Nicole M. , Johnson Peter L. , Klosin Jerzy , Li Xiaoyong , Lu Yu , McCusker Elizabeth O. , Meyer Kevin G. , Renga James M. , Rogers Richard B. , Stockman Kenneth E. , Webb Nicola J. , Whiteker Gregory T. , Zhu Yuanming
Published: August 2020

The holistic application of Green Chemistry principles in the design and synthesis of the new broad-spectrum fungicide, florylpicoxamid, is described.
Influence of Cu doping on the local electronic and magnetic properties of ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Bhardwaj Richa , Bharti Amardeep , Singh Jitendra P. , Chae Keun H. , Goyal Navdeep
Published: August 2020

Cu doping in ZnO modifies the electronic structure and the hybridization between Cu and O orbitals results in RTFM due to formation of BMPs.
High-purity reflective color filters based on thin film cavities embedded with an ultrathin Ge2Sb2Te5 absorption layer
Authors: Lee Junho , Kim Jaeyong , Lee Myeongkyu
Published: August 2020

A thin film cavity formed by stacking metal–insulator–metal (MIM) continuous layers is of significant interest as a lithography-free and scalable color-filtering structure.
Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C–C bond cleavage of simple ketones for the synthesis of amides
Authors: Yang Guo-Ping , Li Ke , Liu Wei , Zeng Kai , Liu Yu-Feng
Published: August 2020

A practical approach to amides via C–C bond cleavage has been developed. A number of simple ketones could be converted to amides with simple amines.
Regioselective synthesis of arylsulfonyl heterocycles from bromoallyl sulfones via intramolecular Heck coupling reaction
Authors: Yadav Deepak , Krishna  , Sharma Sunil K. , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: August 2020

Regioselective synthesis of sulfonyl indoles, benzofurans and benzosultams via sequential base-mediated formal vinylic substitution and intramolecular Heck coupling reaction is described.
Thorough studies of tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids – the influence of alkyl chain length of the cation
Authors: Musiał Małgorzata , Cheng Shinian , Wojnarowska Zaneta , Yao Beibei , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Paluch Marian
Published: August 2020

Thorough studies of the homologous tricyanomethanide series using dielectric and mechanical experiments along with X-ray diffraction.
DNVF-Memorandum Versorgungsforschung in der Onkologie
Authors: Kowalski Christoph , Albert Ute-Susann , Baumann Walter , Carl Ernst-Günther , Ernstmann Nicole , Hermes-Moll Kerstin , Fallenberg Eva Maria , Feick Günter , Feiten Stefan , Härter Martin , Heidt Vitali , Heuser Christian , Hübner Joachim , Joos Stefanie , Katalinic Alexander , Kempkens Özlem , Kerek-Bodden Hedy , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Koller Michael , Langer Thomas , Lehner Burkhard , Lux Michael P. , Maatouk Imad , Pfaff Holger , Ratsch Boris , Schach Susanne , Scholl Isabelle , Skoetz Nicole , Voltz Raymond , Wiskemann Joachim , Inwald Elisabeth
Published: August 2020

Versorgungsforschung in der Onkologie beschäftigt sich mit allen Situationen, in denen Menschen mit Krebs konfrontiert sind. Sie betrachtet die verschiedenen Phasen der Versorgung, also Prävention/Früherkennung, Prähabilitation, Diagnostik, Therapie, Rehabilitation und Palliativversorgung ebenso wie die verschiedenen Akteure, darunter die Betroffenen, die Versorgenden und die Selbsthilfe. Sie befasst sich mit Gesunden (z. B. im Rahmen von Prävention/ Früherkennung), Patientin-nen und Patienten und Krebs-Überlebenden. Aus den Besonderheiten von Krebserkrankungen und den etablierten Versorgungsstrukturen ergeben sich eine Reihe von inhaltlichen Spezifika für die Versorgungsforschung in der Onkologie im Vergleich zur allgemeinen Versorgungsforschung bei im Wesentlichen identischem Methodenkanon. Dieses Memorandum beschreibt den Gegenstand, illustriert die Versorgungsstrukturen und benennt Themenfelder der Versorgungsforschung in der Onkologie. Dieses Memorandum ist eine Ausarbeitung der Fachgruppe Onkologie des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung e. V. und Ergebnis intensiver Diskussionen.
Charakteristika von Diabetespatienten mit und ohne Pflegebedürftigkeit
Authors: Hodeck Katja , Tittel Sascha R. , Dreyhaupt Ines , Beer Renate , Petermann Sandy , Risse Alexander , Weyer Marc , Hake Kathrin , Schiel Ralf , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: August 2020

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden multizentrischen Auswertung mit 6.424 Pflegepatienten unter 500.973 Menschen mit Diabetes aus dem DPV-Register wird die Erkrankungssituation der Pflegebedürftigen im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Pflegebedürftigkeit, differenziert nach Altersgruppen und Diabetestyp, dargestellt.

15 % der Pflegebedürftigen haben einen Typ-1-Diabetes, darunter fallen 99,0 % der Kinder, 9,5 % der 18- bis 75-Jährigen und 2,4 % der über 75-Jährigen. Pflegebedürftigkeit ist bei Erwachsenen und Senioren insbesondere mit den Krankheitsbildern Demenz, Depression, Herzinsuffizienz, Durchblutungsstörungen der Hirngefäße/Schlaganfall sowie mit dem diabetischen Fußsyndrom/Amputationen assoziiert. In der diabetologischen Therapie des Typ-2-DM wird bei 77 % der Pflegebedürftigen und damit deutlich häufiger als in der Vergleichsgruppe mit 55 % Insulin eingesetzt. Trotz höherer HbA1c-Werte und höherer Nüchternglukose als bei Typ-2-Patienten ohne Pflege treten unter Pflegebedürftigen gleichzeitig signifikant häufiger Hypoglykämien mit und ohne Koma auf. Stoffwechselbedingte Entgleisungen führten bei 15 % der Pflegepatienten mit Typ-2-DM gegenüber nur 6 % der Menschen mit Typ-2-DM ohne Pflegebedarf zu Klinikaufnahmen.

Im Rahmen der Versorgung sollte verstärkt auf die Vermeidung von Stoffwechselentgleisungen geachtet und präventiv auf einen späteren Eintritt der assoziierten Krankheitsbilder hingewirkt werden. Die Versorgungsstrukturen sollten regional auf die Begleitung der Betroffenen spezialisiert werden. In der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Pflegepersonal und Ärzten sollten die Besonderheiten von jungen und alten Menschen mit Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes stärker beachtet werden.
Positionspapier: Hinweise zur Patienteninformation und -aufklärung vor Anwendung von Biologika bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi (CRSwNP) – Empfehlungen des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNOKHC) – Teil 1: Dupilumab
Authors: Klimek L. , Beule A. G. , Förster-Ruhrmann U. , Becker S. , Chaker A. , Huppertz T. , Hagemann J. , Hoffmann T. K. , Dazert S. , Deitmer T. , Wrede H. , Schlenter W. , Welkoborsky H. J. , Wollenberg B. , Olze H. , Rudack C. , Sperl A. , Casper I. , Dietz A. , Wagenmann M. , Zuberbier T. , Bergmann K. C. , Bedbrook A. , Bousquet J. , Bachert C.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung der nasalen und paranasalen Schleimhaut, der oftmals eine Typ-2-Inflammation zugrunde liegt. Durch die Entwicklung von Biologika, die in diese Entzündungsmechanismen eingreifen können, steht eine neuartige Therapiemöglichkeit zur Verfügung.

Methoden Auf Grundlage des aktuellen Wissensstandes zur Immunologie der CRSwNP und der Wirkung von Biologika sowie deren mögliche unerwünschte Wirkungen werden Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur und bisherigen Erfahrungen hat ein Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation und -aufklärung zur Anwendung von Biologika bei CRSwNP entwickelt und auf dieser Grundlage einen Aufklärungsbogen erstellt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Information und Einwilligung des Patienten ist vor der Verordnung bzw. Verabreichung von Biologika erforderlich. Das vorliegende Positionspapier enthält wichtige Informationen hierzu und einen Vorschlag für eine Patienteninformation.
Modeling the viscosity of nanofluids using artificial neural network and Bayesian support vector regression
Authors: Alade Ibrahim Olanrewaju , Rahman Mohd Amiruddin Abd , Hassan Amjed , Saleh Tawfik A.
Published: August 2020

This study demonstrates the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Bayesian support vector regression (BSVR) models for predicting the relative viscosity of nanofluids. The study examined 19 nanofluids comprising 1425 experimental datasets that were randomly split in a ratio of 70:30 as a training dataset and a testing dataset, respectively. To establish the inputs that will yield the best model prediction, we conducted a systematic analysis of the influence of volume fraction of nanoparticles, the density of nanoparticles, fluid temperature, size of nanoparticles, and viscosity of base fluids on the relative viscosity of the nanofluids. Also, we analyzed the results of all possible input combinations by developing 31 support vector regression models based on all possible input combinations. The results revealed that the exclusion of the viscosity of the base fluids (as a model input) leads to a significant improvement in the model result. To further validate our findings, we used the four inputs—volume fraction of nanoparticles, the density of nanoparticles, fluid temperature, and size of nanoparticles to build an ANN model. Based on the 428 testing datasets, the BSVR and ANN predicted the relative viscosity of nanofluids with an average absolute relative deviation of 3.22 and 6.64, respectively. This indicates that the BSVR model exhibits superior prediction results compared to the ANN model and existing empirical models. This study shows that the BSVR model is a reliable approach for the estimation of the viscosity of nanofluids. It also offers a generalization ability that is much better than ANN for predicting the relative viscosity of nanofluids.
A 410 MHz resonant cavity pickup for heavy ion storage rings
Authors: Sanjari M. S. , Dmytriiev D. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Gumenyuk O. , Hess R. , Joseph R. , Litvinov S. A. , Steck M. , Stöhlker Th.
Published: August 2020

An improved design of a longitudinally sensitive resonant Schottky cavity pickup for the heavy ion storage rings of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR) project is reported. The new detector has a higher measured Q value of ∼3000 and a higher simulated shunt impedance of 473.3 kΩ. It is possible to vary the sensitivity of the cavity with a motorized mechanism by inserting a dissipative blade during the operation based on experimental needs. Apart from a lower price tag, the new design features a more robust and production-friendly mechanical structure suitable for a series production in the future FAIR project. The manufactured cavity was built temporarily into the experimental storage ring and had delivered its first results using stored heavy ion beams. The structure, simulation results, and performance of this cavity are presented in this work.
A linear scaling hierarchical block low-rank representation of the electron repulsion integral tensor
Authors: Xing Xin , Huang Hua , Chow Edmond
Published: August 2020

Efficient representations of the electron repulsion integral (ERI) tensor and fast algorithms for contractions with the ERI tensor often employ a low-rank approximation of the tensor or its sub-blocks. Such representations include density fitting (DF), the continuous fast multipole method (CFMM), and, more recently, hierarchical matrices. We apply the H2 hierarchical matrix representation to the ERI tensor with Gaussian basis sets to rapidly calculate the Coulomb matrices in Hartree–Fock and density functional theory calculations. The execution time and storage requirements of the hierarchical matrix approach and the DF approach are compared. The hierarchical matrix approach has very modest storage requirements, allowing large calculations to be performed in memory without recomputing ERIs. We interpret the hierarchical matrix approach as a multilevel, localized DF method and also discuss the close relationship between the hierarchical matrix approaches with CFMM. Like CFMM, the hierarchical matrix approach is asymptotically linear scaling, but the latter requires severalfold less memory (or severalfold less computation, if quantities are computed dynamically) due to being able to efficiently employ low-rank approximations for far more blocks.
Low-temperature wafer-scale fabrication of vertical VO2 nanowire arrays
Authors: Shi Run , Kong Dejun , Shen Nan , Gan Yichen , Zhao Yaxuan , Wang Zixu , Wang Weijun , Wang Jingwei , Amini Abbas , Wang Ning , Cheng Chun
Published: August 2020

Single-crystalline vanadium dioxide nanowires (VO2 NWs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique characteristics, which originate from the single-domain metal–insulator phase transition (MIT) property. However, the lack of facile technologies to produce vertical nanowire arrays (NAs) in a large area has limited the mass fabrication of VO2-based devices. Here, an antimony-assisted hydrothermal method is developed for the low-temperature production of wafer-scale vertical VO2 NAs on arbitrary substrates of glass, quartz, and silicon. Sb2O3 plays a key role in the controlled growth of pure VO2 (M1) by modulating the size, density, alignment, and MIT properties of VO2 NAs. Furthermore, the growth mechanism of vertical VO2 NAs is explained. In contrast to conventional fabrication technologies, the weak interaction between NA films and substrates enables a much easier transfer of VO2 NAs for various potential applications.
L-Asparaginase activity analysis, ansZ gene identification and anticancer activity of a new Bacillus subtilis isolated from sponges of the Red Sea
Authors: Ameen Fuad , Alshehri Wafa A , Al-Enazi Nouf M , Almansob Abobakr
Published: August 2020

This study describes the isolation of various marine bacteriafrom sponges collected from the Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) andL-asparaginase (anti-cancer enzyme) production from bacterialisolates. The 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis revealed thatthe isolate WSA3 was a Bacillus subtilis. Its partial-length genesequence was submitted to GenBank under the accession numberMK072695. The new B. subtilis strain harbored the exact size(1128 bp) of the new L-asparaginase (ansZ) gene as confirmedby PCR and in gel visualization, which was submitted to the NCBIdatabase (accession number MN566442). The molecular weightof partially purified L-asparaginase was determined as 45 kDa bySDS-PAGE. In addition, the enzyme L-asparaginase did not showglutaminase activity which is very important from a medical pointof view. Moreover, 100 μg/mL of the partially purified B. subtilis Lasparaginaseshowed promising anti-cancer activities when testedagainst three cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, and HepG2).