bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the potential impact of storm surge and sea level rise on coastal archaeological heritage: A case study from Georgia
Authors: Howland Matthew D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: February 2024

Climate change poses great risks to archaeological heritage, especially in coastal regions. Preparing to mitigate these challenges requires detailed and accurate assessments of how coastal heritage sites will be impacted by sea level rise (SLR) and storm surge, driven by increasingly severe storms in a warmer climate. However, inconsistency between modeled impacts of coastal erosion on archaeological sites and observed effects has thus far hindered our ability to accurately assess the vulnerability of sites. Modeling of coastal impacts has largely focused on medium-to-long term SLR, while observations of damage to sites have almost exclusively focused on the results of individual storm events. There is therefore a great need for desk-based modeling of the potential impacts of individual storm events to equip cultural heritage managers with the information they need to plan for and mitigate the impacts of storm surge in various future sea level scenarios. Here, we apply the Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model to estimate the risks that storm surge events pose to archaeological sites along the coast of the US State of Georgia in four different SLR scenarios. Our results, shared with cultural heritage managers in the Georgia Historic Preservation Division to facilitate prioritization, documentation, and mitigation efforts, demonstrate that over 4200 archaeological sites in Georgia alone are at risk of inundation and erosion from hurricanes, more than ten times the number of sites that were previously estimated to be at risk by 2100 accounting for SLR alone. We hope that this work encourages necessary action toward conserving coastal physical cultural heritage in Georgia and beyond.
Induction of labour care in the UK: A cross-sectional survey of maternity units
Authors: Taylor Beck , Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Rimmer Michael , Quinn Laura , Morris R. Katie , Johnston Tracey , Morad Sharon , Davidson Louisa , Kenyon Sara ,   UK Audit and Research Collaborative in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (UKARCOG) Members
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To explore local induction of labour pathways in the UK National Health Service to provide insight into current practice.

Design

National survey.

Setting

Hospital maternity services in all four nations of the UK.

Sample

Convenience sample of 71 UK maternity units.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was disseminated and completed via a national network of obstetrics and gynaecology specialist trainees (October 2021-March 2022). Results were analysed descriptively, with associations explored using Fisher’s Exact and ANOVA.

Main outcome measures

Induction rates, criteria, processes, delays, incidents, safety concerns.

Results

54/71 units responded (76%, 35% of UK units). Induction rate range 19.2%-53.4%, median 36.3%. 72% (39/54) had agreed induction criteria: these varied widely and were not all in national guidance. Multidisciplinary booking decision-making was not reported by 38/54 (70%). Delays reported ‘often/always’ in hospital admission for induction (19%, 10/54) and Delivery Suite transfer once induction in progress (63%, 34/54). Staffing was frequently reported cause of delay (76%, 41/54 ‘often/always’). Delays triggered incident reports in 36/54 (67%) and resulted in harm in 3/54 (6%). Induction was an area of concern (44%, 24/54); 61% (33/54) reported induction-focused quality improvement work.

Conclusions

There is substantial variation in induction rates, processes and policies across UK maternity services. Delays appear to be common and are a cause of safety concerns. With induction rates likely to increase, improved guidance and pathways are critically needed to improve safety and experience of care.
Potential association of genetically predicted lipid and lipid-modifying drugs with rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Zhican , Cui Ting , Yao Jin , Wu Yutong , Zhu Jun , Yang Xin , Cui Li , Zhou Haiyan
Published: February 2024

Background

Past studies have demonstrated that patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often exhibit abnormal levels of lipids. Furthermore, certain lipid-modifying medications have shown effectiveness in alleviating clinical symptoms associated with RA. However, the current understanding of the causal relationship between lipids, lipid-modifying medications, and the risk of developing RA remains inconclusive. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal connection between lipids, lipid-modifying drugs, and the occurrence of RA.

Methods

We obtained genetic variation for lipid traits and drug targets related to lipid modification from three sources: the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC), UK Biobank, and Nightingale Health 2020. The genetic data for RA were acquired from two comprehensive meta-analyses and the R8 of FINNGEN, respectively. These variants were employed in drug-target MR analyses to establish a causal relationship between genetically predicted lipid-modifying drug targets and the risk of RA. For suggestive lipid-modified drug targets, we conducted Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analyses and using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data in relevant tissues. In addition, we performed co-localization analyses to assess genetic confounders.

Results

Our analysis revealed no significant causal relationship between lipid and RA. We observed that the genetically predicted 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) -mediated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR 0.704; 95% CI 0.56, 0.89; P = 3.43×10−3), Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) -mediated triglyceride (TG) (OR 0.844; 95% CI 0.77, 0.92; P = 1.50×10−4) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) -mediated LDL-C (OR 0.835; 95% CI 0.73, 0.95; P = 8.81×10−3) were significantly associated with a lowered risk of RA. while Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) -mediated LDL-C (OR 1.212; 95%CI 1.05,1.40; P = 9.66×10−3) was significantly associated with an increased risk of RA.

Conclusions

Our study did not find any supporting evidence to suggest that lipids are a risk factor for RA. However, we observed significant associations between HMGCR, APOC3, LDLR, and APOB with the risk of RA.
Application of multimedia technology to innovative vocational education on learning satisfaction in China
Authors: Wu Shengnan
Published: February 2024

Multimedia technology holds paramount importance in driving innovation within vocational education, significantly influencing learning satisfaction. Its integration facilitates dynamic and interactive learning environments, catering to diverse learning styles and preferences. Moreover, multimedia technology enables educators to simulate real-world scenarios, providing practical and hands-on training opportunities. This aspect is particularly valuable in vocational education, where practical skills and application are required. The paper investigates the impact of multimedia technology in enhancing learning satisfaction within innovative vocational education. It delves into the utilization of multimedia tools and their correlation with learner satisfaction, exploring how these technologies augment engagement and comprehension in vocational training. The primary data from 515 students of vocational colleges of China has been collected and regression analysis is applied for empirical analysis. The findings of the study highlight that multimedia technology has positive relationship with innovative vocational education and learning outcome. The findings contribute valuable insights for policymakers regarding significant role multimedia plays in fostering enhanced learning experiences and overall satisfaction among vocational learners.
Photosynthetic gas exchange, plant water relations and osmotic adjustment of three tropical perennials during drought stress and re-watering
Authors: He Jie , Ng Klaudia , Qin Lin , Shen Yuanjie , Rahardjo Harianto , Wang Chien Looi , Kew Huiling , Chua Yong Chuan , Poh Choon Hock , Ghosh Subhadip
Published: February 2024

Planting vegetation on slopes is an effective way of improving slope stability while enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the landscape. However, plants growing on slopes are susceptible to natural drought stress (DS) conditions which commonly lead to water deficit in plant tissues that affect plant health and growth. This study investigated the photosynthetic gas exchange, plant water status and proline accumulation of three tropical perennials namely Clerodendrum paniculatum, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Melastoma malabathricum after being subjected to DS and re-watering (RW). During DS, there was a significant decrease in light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs sat), and transpiration rate (Tr) for all three plant species. Leaf relative water content, shoot water potential, and leaf, stem and root water content also declined during DS. Proline concentration increased for all three species during DS, reaching especially high levels for C. paniculatum, suggesting that it heavily relies on the accumulation of proline to cope with DS. Most of the parameters recovered almost completely to levels similar to well-watered plants after RW, apart from M. malabathricum. Strong linear correlations were found between Asat and gs sat and between gs sat and Tr. Ultimately, C. paniculatum and I. pes-caprae had better drought tolerance than M. malabathricum.
Analysis of data from two influenza surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang province, China, for the period 2018–2022
Authors: Wang Yuda , Liu Yan , Liu Guangtao , Sun Xiuxiu , Zhang Zizhe , Shen Jianyong
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention.

Methods

Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals.

Results

From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Influence of systemic inflammatory indices on hospital stay and dialysis post-earthquake: A clinical study
Authors: Yasar Burak , Ozbilgehan Pınar , Sen Mert , Guvendik Arslan
Published: February 2024

Natural disasters pose significant challenges to medical response due to the surge of patients and emergent injuries. Amid such scenarios, where personnel for patient monitoring might be scarce, effective biomarkers are crucial for guiding treatment plans and predicting patient prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between systemic inflammatory indices and morbidity in earth-quake-induced crush injuries. Additionally, we assessed the potential of these indices as prognostic markers for adverse outcomes. We studied 140 patients with earthquake-related crush injuries (ECR) admitted between February and March 2023 and compared them to 200 healthy controls (CG) chosen using a simple random method. Using the complete blood count data upon admission, we computed and statistically compared indices including NLR (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet lymphocyte ratio), MLR (monocyte lymphocyte ratio), SII (systemic immune-inflammatory index), SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index), and PIV (pan-immune inflammation value). Regression analyses determined the prediction of hospitalization duration and dialysis necessity. PLR and MLR upon admission significantly predicted the length of hospital stay. MLR and SIRI were significant predictors for dialysis requirement, with Exp(B) values of 0.306 (p = 0.024) and 1.261 (p = 0.038), respectively. Systemic inflammatory indices can serve as valuable prognostic tools in disaster scenarios. Utilizing these indices can enhance patient management, effectively allocate resources, and potentially save lives in the aftermath of earthquakes.
Enzymatic properties of UDP-glycosyltransferase 89B1 from radish and modulation of enzyme catalytic activity via loop region mutation
Authors: Ohashi Hiroyuki , Koma Daisuke , Yamanaka Hayato , Ohmoto Takashi
Published: February 2024

Glycosyltransferases (GTs), crucial enzymes in plants, alter natural substances through glycosylation, a process with extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. This study narrows its focus to GT family 1, specifically UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which are known for glycosylating small phenolic compounds, especially hydroxybenzoates. We delve into the workings of Raphanus sativus glucosyltransferase (Rs89B1), a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana UGT89B1, and its mutant to explore their glycosyltransferase activities toward hydroxybenzoates. Our findings reveal that Rs89B1 glycosylates primarily the para-position of mono-, di-, trihydroxy benzoic acids, and its substrate affinity is swayed by the presence and position of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring of hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, mutations in the loop region of Rs89B1 impact both substrate affinity and catalytic activity. The study demonstrates that insertional/deletional mutations in non-conserved regions, which are distant from the UGT’s recognition site, can have an effect on the UGT’s substrate recognition site, which in turn affects acceptor substrate selectivity and glycosyltransferase activity. This research uncovers new insights suggesting that mutations in the loop region could potentially fine-tune enzyme properties and enhance its catalytic activity. These findings not only have significant implications for enzyme engineering in biotechnological applications but also contribute to a more profound understanding of this field.
Genomic and virulence analysis of in vitro cultured Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Yarlett Nigel , Morada Mary , Schaefer Deborah A. , Ackman Kevin , Carranza Elizabeth , Baptista Rodrigo de Paula , Riggs Michael W. , Kissinger Jessica C.
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in the in vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium parvum using hollow fiber bioreactor technology (HFB) have permitted continuous growth of parasites that complete all life cycle stages. The method provides access to all stages of the parasite and provides a method for non-animal production of oocysts for use in clinical trials. Here we examined the effect of long-term (>20 months) in vitro culture on virulence-factors, genome conservation, and in vivo pathogenicity of the host by in vitro cultured parasites. We find low-level sequence variation that is consistent with that observed in calf-passaged parasites. Further using a calf model infection, oocysts obtained from the HFB caused diarrhea of the same volume, duration and oocyst shedding intensity as in vivo passaged parasites.
Urban demand for cooking fuels in two major African cities and implications for policy
Authors: Das Ipsita , le Roux Leonard , Mulwa Richard , Ruhinduka Remidius , Jeuland Marc
Published: February 2024

Nearly 2.3 billion people lack access to clean cooking fuels and technologies worldwide, representing a critical failure to achieve SDG7’s cooking energy access goal. In Sub-Saharan Africa, dependence on polluting cooking fuels is particularly high, resulting in considerable environmental, health, and time-related costs. Progress in the region has been greatest in urban areas, partly because incomes are higher and alternative fuels more widely available than in rural areas, but understanding of the dynamics of urban cooking energy transitions remains limited, and reasons for the divergent paths of different cities are unclear. Our primary objective is, therefore, to understand differences in the demand for several fuels among low-income households in two contrasting cities–Nairobi, where the transition is well advanced (N = 354), and Dar es Salaam, where progress has been slower (N = 1,100). We conducted a double-bounded, dichotomous choice contingent valuation experiment to elucidate how urban households would respond to changes in cooking fuels’ prices. Our analysis shows that fuel price responses vary across the income distribution and across these cities. Willingness to pay for the most commonly used cooking fuel in Nairobi–liquefied petroleum gas–is nearly twice that in Dar es Salaam, where more households prefer charcoal. In Dar es Salaam, low-income charcoal users appear especially entrenched in their cooking fuel choice. Our results have important implications for the effectiveness of different policy tools (e.g., bans, taxes, or clean fuel subsidies), since responses to pricing policies will depend on these varying price sensitivities, as well as targeting and the readiness of the supply chain (including policy enablers of supply) to meet increased demand. In conclusion, though policies are commonly designed at the national-level, policy-makers need to understand nuances in the local demand context very well when choosing instruments that best support energy transition among their most vulnerable citizens.
Status of women in the Ghanaian media: Are women conscious of their own inequalities?
Authors: Yeboah-Banin Abena A. , Fofie Ivy M. , Gadzekpo Audrey S.
Published: February 2024

Historical and contemporary scholarship paint a picture of women in media as under-represented, misrepresented and lacking the opportunity to influence what happens in media and their own status in media. This is despite years of interventions – including pushing for affirmative action – targeted at improving their status and working conditions. In this study, we argue that part of the solution lies in conscientizing women in media to become more aware of the inequalities they face. Through a nationwide survey of women in the Ghanaian media and premised on feminist media theory, we show that though progress is visible in the status of women, inequalities persist. Respondents were ambivalent about status parity with males, pointing to the possibility that they acquiesce to unfair practices because they are unaware of the embedded inequality. We discuss these findings and their implications for scholarship and practice.
Tabutémák és megjelenési formáik a kortárs magyar mesékben
Authors: Csőgér Lilla
Published: February 2024

Tanulmányomban a kortárs magyar mesékben megjelenő tabusított tartalmakat és jelenségeket térképezem fel. A trianguláció módszerével, kvalitatív kutatási eljárással vizsgáltam meg a gyermekirodalmi tabu kérdéseit, középpontba állítva a stigmatizált tartalmak szakirodalmi fellelhetőségét, valamint a tabu fogalmát, funkcióit, megjelenésének lehetséges okait ‒ kísérletet téve a fogalmi ellentmondások tisztázására. A kutatáshoz készült interjúk, a szülői kérdőív és a tartalomelemzés segítségével feltérképeztem a szülők gyermekirodalmi művekre vonatkozó választásait, melyeknek fő fókusza a kényesnek tekintett nevelési helyzetekkel való megküzdés. A dolgozat területekre bontva tekinti át a tabutémákat feldolgozó mesekönyvek iránti igényt, valamint a minőségi irodalom iránti igényt, továbbá a könyvkiadás adaptív formálódását, alkalmazkodását. A megjelenített problémakörök a jövőbeli neveléstudományi kutatások tervezéséhez nyújthatnak támpontokat.
Cigány/roma kisebbségekre vonatkozó tévhitek vizsgálata az oktatással összefüggésben tanár szakos hallgatók körében
Authors: Halász Csenge , Fejes József Balázs
Published: February 2024

A cigány/roma kisebbségek kapcsán számos kulturális tévhit megléte feltételezhető, többek között az oktatással összefüggésben. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a cigány/roma kisebbségek oktatása kapcsán milyen kulturális tévhitekkel rendelkeznek a pedagógusjelöltek. A tévhitek összefonódnak az előítéletekkel, így befolyásolhatják a mindennapi pedagógiai munkát. A jelenlegi tankönyvek alig nyújtanak segítséget a cigány/roma kisebbségek megismerését és a kulturális tévhitek kezelését tekintve, így a pedagógusjelöltek felkészítése kiemelten fontos e területen. Kérdőíves felmérésünkben 319 tanár szakos hallgató vett részt. Likert-skálás állításokkal vizsgáltuk a kulturális tévhitek elfogadottságát. Eredményeink szerint a kérdezettek a cigány/roma gyermekek iskolai sikertelenségét a nem megfelelő otthoni környezetre, kulturális sajátosságokra és a szülők tájékozatlanságára egyaránt visszavezetik. Az iskolai szegregációt magas arányban utasították el. A hallgatók bizonytalanok voltak annak megítélése kapcsán, hogy a kultúra hatást gyakorolhat-e a tanuláshoz való hozzáállásra. Az eredményeink segítséget nyújtanak annak tisztázásához, hogy melyek azok a kulturális tévhitek a cigány/roma kisebbségek oktatása kapcsán, amelyek lebontása különös figyelmet igényel a pedagógusképzésben.
GINÁSTICA PARA TODOS É REALMENTE PARA TODOS?
Authors: Fernandes Antualpa Kizzy , Sousa dos Santos Emilena , Melo de Souza Ianny Caroline , Bartholomeu de Queiroz Lima Letícia
Published: February 2024

Os festivais de Ginástica para Todos (GPT) têm sido espaços de fomento desta prática em diferentes contextos. Tendo em vista as premissas da GPT, nos indagamos se este espaço de fato é democrático e qual é o lugar do negro nesta prática dita "para todos". Dessa forma, buscamos por meio de uma análise videográfica de dois festivais on-line de regiões distintas do Brasil (sudeste e nordeste), analisar a representatividade negra. Concluímos que apesar dos festivais on-line expandirem a possibilidade de prática rompendo barreiras geográficas, a diversidade dentre os grupos participantes ainda se mostra pouco evidente, sobretudo em relação à participação negra. Esse olhar sobre os festivais desta prática corporal evidencia a importância e o debate da popularização da GPT.
PANDEMIA, FESTIVAIS VIRTUAIS E GINÁSTICA PARA TODOS
Authors: Aguiar Rufino Thais , Ferreira de Oliveira Michelle , Dos Santos Dias Franciny , De Toledo Eliana
Published: February 2024

A pandemia gerou mudanças nos modos de viver e fazer, inclusive no campo esportivo e gímnico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar aspectos coreográficos de Ginástica para Todos em festivais virtuais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quanti, cujo método foi documental (vídeos e programas), com uma amostra de quatro festivais e 100 coreografias. Identificou-se que os elementos básicos da ginástica estavam presentes em 93,8% das CCs, nos preocupando aquelas que não utilizaram; que a maioria das CCs utilizou materiais, com grande diversidade mesmo num cenário “aparentemente” mais restrito; e a presença de práticas corporais, como esportes, lutas, jogos, yoga, capoeira, manifestações circenses, dentre outras, havendo ênfase na Dança. Foram poucas as mudanças das CCs virtuais para as presenciais, destacando-se o uso de materiais domésticos, de recursos de edição e o pouco uso de elementos mais complexos e/ou de risco, fortalecendo-se o aspecto dinâmico e criativo da GPT.
EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS LIBERDADES HUMANAS
Authors: Rodrigues Walace , Morais Suzana Salazar de Freitas , Castro Priscila Araújo Fraga , Pinto Lucas Lopes
Published: February 2024

Este escrito busca refletir sobre a participação do processo educacional na contribuição para o desenvolvimento das pessoas e da sociedade brasileira. Sabemos que é uma herança histórica, desde o Brasil colônia, que a educação está arraigada a interesses estritamente políticos e econômicos. Todavia, o processo educacional tem papel fundamental na formação de indivíduos livres e críticos de uma sociedade, na qual se tem priorizado o caráter formativo para o mercado de trabalho, com fins de maximização de renda e melhores índices econômicos. A metodologia utilizada é de cunho teórico e analítico, pautada em teoria bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados mostram que a Educação ganhou importância para o desenvolvimento nacional atendendo interesses capitalistas, o que encadeou uma aceleração das desigualdades sociais, culturais e econômicas. Sendo assim, compreendemos que o conhecimento dos processos históricos em torno à educação brasileira podem auxiliar na (trans)formação do sujeito crítico e empoderados.
REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO, BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS
Authors: Maldonado Daniel Teixeira , Roberta da Silva Velloso Livia , Dos Santos Freire Elisabete
Published: February 2024

Esse ensaio possui como objetivo analisar como a reforma do Ensino Médio e a publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular desse ciclo de escolarização escancarou o projeto educacional neoliberal que vem sendo implementado no Brasil, influenciando negativamente os avanços político-pedagógicos da Educação Física Escolar nos Institutos Federais (IFs). O “Novo Ensino Médio” foi organizado para forjar subjetividades neoliberais nos(nas) estudantes, a partir da ideia de um currículo “flexível”, desenvolvimento das competências socioemocionais e o reforço da dualidade histórica de uma formação intelectual para as elites dirigentes e manual para a classe trabalhadora. Dessa forma, imersos nas contradições societárias, mostraremos uma proposta curricular e práticas político-pedagógicas contra hegemônicas produzidas por um professor e uma professora de Educação Física que lecionam nos IFs, se contrapondo as reformas educativas vigentes.
SAÚDE E SEGURANÇA DE TRABALHADORES DE HOSPITAL DE ENSINO: PERCEPÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE A NR-32
Authors: Tannús Sérgio Ferreira , Querino Rosimár Alves , Silva Vivianne Peixoto da
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de profissionais da enfermagem que atuam em um Hospital de Clínicas (HC) sobre conhecimento e prática da Norma Regulamentadora 32 (NR-32). Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com profissionais de enfermagem de um HC com utilização de Grupo Focal e análise temática do conteúdo. Resultados: A análise permitiu categorizar os dados em três núcleos temáticos, a saber: 1) Conhecimento Prévio; 2) Conhecimento Adquirido; e 3) Trabalho Real versus NR-32. Verificou-se que 39,13% entendem ser de responsabilidade da empresa a garantia de ações para reduzir riscos de adoecimento e acidentes de trabalho a todos os trabalhadores da área da saúde, isentando a responsabilidade de outros profissionais. A maioria dos participantes afirma não haver capacitação sobre NR-32 no hospital de ensino e que descumpre a norma por razões ligadas à estrutura física, a equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) e a fatores organizacionais relacionados aos processos de trabalho e ritmo laboral. Conclusão: Os participantes apresentam conhecimento sobre a NR-32, embora não associem a prática ao conhecimento prévio sobre a norma ou à norma em si. O estudo identificou negligência em relação às normas de saúde e segurança em situações de extrema urgência no cuidado de pacientes e instigou a reflexão sobre a importância e o cumprimento da NR-32.
Célestin Freinet
Authors: Boleiz Junior Flávio
Published: February 2024

Este artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do trabalho desenvolvido por Célestin Freinet, especialmente a partir de sua concepção de educação popular e de homem, bem como de suas técnicas inovadoras, preconizadas durante o período em que foi professor primário, entre 1920, quando ingressou na carreira docente numa pequena escola no interior da França, e 1966, ano em que faleceu, nos Alpes Marítimos Franceses. Por entender que a educação escolar popular deveria se encontrar com a realidade e reproduzir a vida dos educandos em sala de aula, sua proposta pedagógica desenvolveu-se por meio da criação de uma série de técnicas pedagógicas que são até hoje muito utilizadas em diferentes instituições de ensino, mesmo por educadores que não o conhecem, dentre as quais estão as aulas passeio, as rodas de conversa, a imprensa escolar, o jornal escolar, a correspondência interescolar, o jornal de parede para assembleias escolares, entre muitas outras. Freinet buscou formar cidadãos livres, autônomos, felizes e capazes de administrar a própria vida, colocando o estudante no centro do processo pedagógico, por meio de uma educação popular horizontal, em que professor e estudantes se encontravam no mesmo nível de importância, e que buscava construir o que ele mesmo denominou uma escola do povo.
Enmienda constitucional como medio para establecer el ejercicio ideal de la función notarial en el estado mexicano
Authors: Villanueva Mendoza Armando
Published: February 2024

Partiendo del sistema federal mexicano, se aborda la atribución de regular la función notarial como parte de las facultades residuales de las entidades federativas que componen los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; sin embargo, se precisa, cómo una función tan importante para la buena marcha del estado de derecho, al brindar seguridad jurídica a la sociedad a la que sirve, presenta diferencias en sus regulaciones locales, pues los legisladores, en desarrollo de su libertad configurativa, regulan de diferente forma el otorgamiento de los nombramientos, también llamados fiats de notario y el desempeño de su labor. Esto último, ha generado, desde hace tiempo, preocupación en el gobierno y en el legislador federal, lo que ha motivado la presentación de iniciativas de adición a la Constitución General de la República, pues conteniéndose los principios básicos en ella, obligaría a las entidades federativas a ajustar su legislación local para no contrariar a la Carta Magna. En el estudio se realiza el análisis de diversas iniciativas que han pretendido regular la figura notarial desde el texto de la Constitución Federal y se hace una propuesta diversa, que estima logra, afectando mínimamente las facultades residuales de las entidades de la Unión.
Exploring the Networks of Relationships Between the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development Through Sport
Authors: Pereira da Silva Maynara Priscila , Morais Peixoto Evandro , Pereira Palma Bartira , Abaide Balbinotti Marcos Alencar
Published: February 2024

The theoretical 5Cs model (character, confidence, competence, connection and caring) is a promising theory for evaluating Positive Youth Development (PYD) through sport. Given the scarcity of studies evaluating the interrelationship between the 5Cs of PYD through sport in the Brazilian context, the aim of the present study was to explore the 5C relationship networks. The sample comprised 308 athletes aged between 14 and 24 (M=18, 5±2.35, 54.9% females), who responded to a battery of 5Cs measures in sport. Network analysis was employed, producing six clusters of items. The network graph results suggested that the items Character (2 – leader in the group; 5 – I am better than other) and Competence (32 – ability to be a leader) are central nodes, while the measures of centrality identified the coach-athlete Connection (42 – with my coach, I am ready to do my best; 43 – with my coach, I adopt a friendly stance) as having greater impact than the clusters. The results corroborated the theoretical grounding, which stresses the role of the coach-athlete relationship in PYD through sport. The practical application of these practices is presented here.
Social Work in Austria
Authors: Sting Stephan
Published: February 2024

Social Work in Austria can be described as an action and profession based science dealing with the dif- ferent forms of social support that help people maintain agency in difficult circumstances and situations in life. At the same time, the field sees itself as a practical form of social policy that undertakes a critical examination of how social problems and risks of exclusion are generated within society. Finally, Social Work pursues its own educational goal based on opportunities for personal realisation and participation. Historically, Social Work in Austria developed along two separate paths, firstly as Sozialarbeit (social work in a narrow sense), administrative practice that is rooted in occupations around youth welfare and healthcare, and secondly as Sozialpädagogik (Social Pedagogy), which arose from social education work in out-of-home care for children and young people. Since the 1970s, the number of tasks and approaches in this context has proliferated, increasingly causing social work and Social Pedagogy to overlap and converge. In recent years, there have been signs of growing professionality and of the field slowly becoming established as an academic discipline. Simultaneously, approaches are becoming more important that are participatory or relate to social spaces and civil society.
Study on precursor information and disaster mechanism of sudden change of seepage in mining rock mass
Authors: Gao Yijun , Zhu Zongjie , Liu Zhiming , Huang Gang
Published: February 2024

Changes in the stress field and seepage field of mining unloading are one of the important causes of deformation and destabilization of the rock body of the bottom slab. With the increase of mining intensity and depth, the disaster of water influx on the bottom plate under the dual action of mining unloading and pressurized water has become one of the main problems restricting the efficient and safe mining of coal. Based on the research background of confined water inrush from Ordovician limestone floor in North China Coalfield, the numerical analysis revealed that mining unloading concentrates stresses, increases deformation, and increases the plastic zone and permeability range. Based on laboratory acoustic emission and mechanical tests, it is found that the peak of acoustic emission ringing number can be one of the precursor information of limestone seepage mutation. This study reveals the evolution law of rock body deformation and permeability under the unloading path, and the research obtains the unloading seepage and water gushing disaster mechanism of the subgrade rock body.
Where Did Kamalaśīla Compose His Works, and Does It Even Matter? Reflections on the Activities of Indian Scholars in Imperial Tibet
Authors: Kellner Birgit
Published: February 2024

This article reflects on the activities of the Indian Buddhist scholar-monk Kamalaśīla (c. 740–795) in imperial Tibet. Following accounts offered by Tibetan historians of later periods, these activities have so far been understood as more or less limited to Kamalaśīla’s victorious participation in the historically momentous “Great Debate” at Bsam yas monastery against the Chinese Chan master Heshang Moheyan. This article suggests that he also composed altogether seven of his works – and possibly more – while residing in Tibet, and sketches aspects of his intellectual profile on this basis. While remaining focused on Kamalaśīla, the article also raises wider-ranging questions regarding the activities of Indian Buddhist scholars in imperial Tibet against the backdrop of interconnected histories across South, Central and East Asia.
Preferences in the use of overabundance: predictors of lexical bias in Estonian
Authors: Aigro Mari , Vihman Virve-Anneli
Published: February 2024

This study of morphological overabundance focuses on the (non-)synonymy of parallel forms in Estonian illative case (‘into’) and the type of entrenchment behind it. We focus on the lexical level, testing whether the form preferred for a lexeme depends on semantic or morphophonological factors, or both. Using multifactorial regression analyses, we compare three corpus datasets: lexemes biased toward long forms, those biased toward short forms and lexemes with balanced form distribution. This is the first study to investigate realised overabundance in this way, and to include inflection class membership in the model, enabling us to test whether declension class subsumes the morphophonological factors found to affect form preference in previous studies. The analysis shows that cell token frequency and inflection class are significant predictors of form preference, while the lexical-semantic features included in the study do not affect formative choice, highlighting the role of cell entrenchment instead of formative entrenchment in guiding form use. In conclusion, the study highlights the important role of inflection class (morphophonology) in the general shaping of form usage patterns in parallel forms and the weak role of semantic factors on the lexical level.
Consequences of the incorrect disposal of electronic waste when growing flower seedlings
Authors: dos Santos Karen Ouverney , Paes de Almeida Martins Cauã , Luzetti de Oliveira Leite Maurício , Alves Moura Andrade Michel , da Cruz Augusto Sophia
Published: February 2024

The improper disposal of batteries has numerous consequences for the environment, since they contain potentially toxic metals that can be leached, infiltrating, and contaminating the soil layers, the groundwater, as well as the fauna and flora of nearby regions. Therefore, studies were conducted to simulate and analyze soil contamination by the release of potentially toxic metals from the incorrect disposal of alkaline batteries in the environment, in similar natural conditions, by doing leaching tests in fertilized soil resembling a landfill. Therefore, in this paper a simple experiment is proposed for sensitizing students toward the consequences of an incorrect disposal of batteries in the environment.
Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
Authors: Hindi Layla , Asker Hussein K.
Published: February 2024

The current work assesses the availability and reliability of repairable 1-out-of-3 cold standby systems, undergoing switching failure, by the Markov models, where a finite set of differential equations govern the repairable system. A numerical approach based on KAOS programming in MATLAB is employed to solve the differential equations. Thus, numerical solutions for the time-dependent availability can then be obtained. The Laplace transform method is used for the reliability model to find the explicit form of the reliability function and the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the system. An availability estimation model for a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system is developed and the main electrical power network, local electricity generator, and domestic electricity generator are studied. Finally, the model is analyzed to illustrate the effect of both failures and repair rates as well as component capacity partitioning on system availability and MTTF.
Using automated indices of cohesion to explore the growth of cohesive features in L2 writing
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Johnson Mark D. , Gao Jianwu
Published: February 2024

While the use of cohesive devices has received considerable attention in L2 writing research, scant attention has been devoted to exploring local, global, and textual cohesive features across two genres at different time points using indices generated by the computational tool for automatic analysis of cohesion (TAACO). Inspired by this gap, this study attempted to: (a) identify TAACO indices that are predictive of human ratings of essay organization, (b) investigate which of the identified TAACO indices differ between narrative and argumentative genres, and (c) explore which of the identified TAACO indices might change over time. To achieve these purposes, 270 narrative and argumentative essays were collected from 45 L2 writers in counterbalanced order at six different time points. The results of mixed-effects modeling revealed textual cohesive devices to be significant predictors of human ratings of essay organization regardless of genre and indicated sustained development in the use of textual cohesive devices over time. This study has important implications for L2 writing assessment including the potential to enhance assessment practices by incorporating computational tools like TAACO. The findings emphasize the importance of considering textual cohesive devices as significant predictors of essay organization, regardless of genre.
Prevalence and quality of medical Spanish education in US osteopathic medical schools: a national survey
Authors: Dey Kally , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo , Park Yoon Soo , Ortega Pilar
Published: February 2024

Context

Spanish is the language in the United States with the greatest language-concordant physician deficit. Allopathic medical Spanish programs have proliferated, but the national prevalence of medical Spanish education at osteopathic medical schools has never been evaluated.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to describe the medical Spanish educational landscape at US osteopathic schools and evaluate program adherence to previously established basic standards.

Methods

Between March and October 2022, surveys were sent to all 44 member schools of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM). For nonrespondents, data were obtained from publicly available websites. Primary surveys were sent to deans or diversity, equity, and inclusion officers at each osteopathic school to determine whether medical Spanish was offered and to identify a medical Spanish leader. Medical Spanish leaders received the secondary survey. The main measures of this study were the prevalence of medical Spanish programs at osteopathic schools and the extent to which existing programs met each of the four basic standards: having a faculty educator, providing a curricular structure, assessing learner skills, and awarding institutional course credit.

Results

We gathered medical Spanish information from 90.9 % (40/44) of osteopathic schools. Overall, 88.6 % (39/44) offered medical Spanish, of which 66.7 % (26/39) had formal curricula, 43.6 % (17/39) had faculty educators, 17.9 % (7/39) assessed learner skills, and 28.2 % (11/39) provided course credit. Only 12.8 % (5/39) of osteopathic schools with medical Spanish programs met all basic standards. Urban/suburban schools were likelier to offer medical Spanish than rural schools (p=0.020). Osteopathic schools in states with the highest Spanish-speaking populations were more likely to offer student-run initiatives (p=0.027).

Conclusions

Most osteopathic schools provide medical Spanish education, but work is needed to improve consistency, quality, and sustainability. Future research should focus on osteopathic student language proficiency assessment, improve medical Spanish accessibility for students at rural programs, and explore the unique content areas of osteopathic medical Spanish education.
Schizandrin A enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU by promoting ferroptosis
Authors: Hu Liye , Zhang Zhongyuan , Fu Yun , Zhu Feng , Li Xin , Zou Min , Yang Rui
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The impact of Schizandrin A (Sch A) on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric cancer (GC) cells is not yet understood, despite its known anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversing properties in various tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of Sch A to reverse resistance and evaluate its mechanisms in GC cells that are resistant to 5-Fu.

Methods

5-Fu-sensitive gastric cancer (GC) cells were subjected to treatment with 5-Fu, while 5-Fu-resistant GC cells AGS/5-Fu and SGC7901/5-Fu were successfully developed. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, the impact of Sch A alone or in combination with 5-Fu on tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis-related metabolism was examined by stimulating these cells. A number of additional experiments were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of increased ferroptosis.

Results

Findings from our research indicate that the utilization of Sch A alongside 5-Fu could potentially be beneficial in combating drug resistance and treating GC in a reverse manner. The coadministration of Sch A was demonstrated to inhibit metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells by promoting the initiation of ferroptosis, a type of cell death that relies on iron. This effect was also confirmed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Through a mechanistic approach, the combined administration of Sch A exhibited a synergistic effect on enhancing the expression of the transferrin receptor. Consequently, this led to the accumulation of iron within cells, triggering lipid peroxidation and ultimately causing the death of 5-Fu-resistant GC cells.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the findings from this research have presented a new approach to enhancing GC chemosensitivity, suggesting Sch A as an innovative regulator of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ferroptosis is induced by Sch A coadministration via increasing transferrin receptor expression.
Intensification of bioprocesses – definition, examples, challenges and future directions
Authors: Hartmann Lukas , Krieg Thomas , Holtmann Dirk
Published: February 2024

Strategies to reduce cost and emission profiles are becoming increasingly important for the development of affordable and sustainable bio-based production. The overall objective of process intensification in different industries is to achieve substantial benefits in terms of cost, product concentration and quality, while eliminating waste and improving process safety. Intensification of bioprocesses could be a valuable tool for enhancing the efficiency and reducing resource consumption in bioproduction. In general, bioprocess intensification is defined as an increase in bioproduct output relative to cell concentration, time, reactor volume or cost. This brief overview provides a definition of process intensification in biotechnology, presents several general and specific examples, and addresses some of the current challenges.
The association between indoor air pollution from solid fuels and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Hongye , Wang Miyuan , Wang Yichong , Niu Zuohu , Suo Feiya , Liu Jixiang , Zhou Tianhui , Yao Shukun
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively and methodically evaluate the correlation between cognitive impairment and indoor air pollution from solid fuel used for cooking/heating. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December January 2023. 13 studies from three countries with a total of 277,001 participants were enrolled. A negative correlation was discovered between solid fuel usage for cooking and total cognitive score (β=−0.73, 95 % CI: −0.90 to −0.55) and episodic memory score (β=−0.23, 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.17). Household solid fuel usage for cooking was considerably associated with a raised risk of cognitive impairment (HR=1.31, 95 % CI: 1.09–1.57) and cognitive decline (HR=1.24, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.30). Compared to continuous solid fuel use for cooking, sustained use of clean fuel and switching from solid fuel to clean fuel were associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (OR=0.55, 95 % CI: 0.42–0.73; OR=0.81, 95 % CI: 0.71–0.93). A negative association was found between solid fuel usage for heating and total cognitive score (β=−0.43, 95 % CI: −0.59 to −0.26) and episodic memory score (β=−0.22, 95 % CI: −0.34 to −0.10). Our research provided evidence that exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel is a potential cause of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Making the switch from solid fuels to cleaner fuels could be an important step in preventing cognitive impairment in the elderly.