bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Metode Penyuluhan dalam Desiminasi Budidaya Bawang Putih Ramah Lingkungan di Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Mardiyanto Tri Cahyo , Samijan  , Nurlaily Ridha
Published: September 2020

Bawang putih (Allium sativum L) selain merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran penting di dataran tinggi, sekaligus merupakan salah satu sumber pertumbuhan baru ekonomi dalam pembangunan pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas diseminasi teknologi budidaya bawang putih ramah lingkungan melalui pelatihan, demplot, dan temu lapang pada petani di Pancot, Desa Kalisoro, Kecamatan Tawangmangu, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah anggota kelompok taruna tani Tani Maju yang tergabung dalam Gabungan Kelompok Tani Ngudi Rejeki. Responden penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 40 orang taruna tani. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi persepsi petani terhadap pelaksanaan diseminasi, dan tingkat efektivitas diseminasi, meliputi pelatihan, demplot, dan temu lapang, terhadap teknologi rekomendasi. Data dianalisis mengunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 27 petani yang menilai bahwa pelaksanaan diseminasi efektif dengan nilai 90%. Ketiga metode diseminasi, yaitu pelatihan, demplot, dan temu lapang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas diseminasi, dengan besar pengaruh masing – masing adalah 79,92%, 26,21%, dan 45,02%. Besar pengaruh pelatihan, demplot, dan temu lapang secara bersama-sama terhadap efektivitas desiminasi adalah 89,5% sedangkan sisanya yaitu 10,49% dipengaruh oleh faktor atau variabel lain di luar ketiga metode tersebut.
Consumo de café na prevenção do melanoma: uma revisão
Authors: Batista Franciele , Suzuki Vanessa Yuri , Sapag Isabela Silva , Madeiro Leite Jorge Alberto Torres , Soares Fernandes Paola , Oliveira Carlos Rocha , Gomes Heitor Carvalho , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O consumo do café oferece várias ações benéficas no corpo humano, quando consumido em doses adequadas, dentre elas a ação anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e estimuladora do sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do consumo de café na prevenção de melanoma. Material e Método: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados em saúde Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, utilizando os descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): nutrição; polifenóis; café; melanoma, nos idiomas português e inglês, considerando o período de junho de 2013 a junho 2020. Resultados: Foram encontrados 283 estudos, 111 foram incluídos e 172 excluídos por não atenderem os critérios de elegibilidade. De acordo com a literatura observou-se a capacidade da cafeína de induzir depleção reduzida de tióis e efeito pró-apoptótico seletivamente em células de melanoma, onde o café com cafeína foi constantemente associado a possível efeito protetor no melanoma, mas em altas doses pode estar associada ao desenvolvimento de outras doenças. Conclusão: Neste estudo de revisão, o café mostrou-se como um possível agente promissor no câncer de pele melanoma, auxiliando na melhora do prognóstico da doença.
 
Palavras-chave: nutrição, polifenóis, café, melanoma.
Discapacidad e Inclusión, un desafío para la Educación Física en Chile
Authors: Muñoz Hinrichsen Fernando Ignacio
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Comentar el gran desafio que implica para la Educación Física en Chile implementar y fortalecer programas orientados a discapacidad e Inclusión.Puntos destacables:Se analizaron las mallas curriculares de las Escuelas de Educación Física en Chile.Existe un bajo nivel de formación en el área de la Discapacidad y la Inclusión en Educación Física.
Anesthesia safety standards for operating rooms of small hospitals and surgery clinics
Authors: Park Yong-Hee , Kim Tae-Yop
Published: September 2020

Access to surgical care and essential anesthesia is an integral part of universal health coverage. Also, increasing access to surgical care depends on a parallel increase in access to safe anesthesia. Today, five billion people (more than two-thirds of the world’s population) still do not have adequate, quality surgery and anesthesia care at the right time. Therefore, the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists and the World Health Organization developed the International Standards for Safe Practice of Anesthesia. The standards include the following components, which are essential for the safety of patients undergoing surgical procedures: professional expertise, facilities and equipment, medications and intravenous fluids, monitoring, and anesthesia. In this article, it is emphasized that wherever and whenever possible, anesthesia should be provided, led, or overseen by an anesthesiologist. It is also strongly recommended that essential equipment is in place and adequate training to handle it safely has been provided. Unfortunately, some operating rooms of small hospitals and clinics does not meet the above standards. It may be difficult for each hospital to manage autonomously due to the lack of a unified checklist for essential standardized requirements. By introducing appropriate anesthesia safety standards in the operating rooms of small hospitals and surgery clinics, it will be possible to increase patient safety during surgery performed under general anesthesia, deep sedation, moderate sedation, or regional anesthesia. Through this process, it is expected that the mortality and morbidity rate of unexpected surgery patients can be minimized.
Anesthetic management of hypertensive patients
Authors: Kim Duk Kyung
Published: September 2020

It is important for the clinicians to have a clear understanding of the anesthetic implications and increased risks due to hypertension to ensure safe surgical procedures in hypertensive patients. Preoperative hypertension is associated with greater intraoperative hemodynamic lability and an increased risk of perioperative cardiovascular complications. In addition to the patients’ baseline blood pressure (BP), the presence and severity of target organ damage and cardiovascular comorbidities should be evaluated preoperatively. Delaying surgery in hypertensive patients may be justified if there is an evidence of target organ damage that can be improved by such a delay. Further evaluation of suspected target organ damage before the surgery is also justified. Except withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 10 to 24 hours before the surgery, the continuation of preoperative antihypertensive therapy is generally recommended. Though maintaining perioperative BP within the range of 80%–90% to 110%–120% of the baseline BP (permissible BP decrease/increase ≤10%–20%) is generally recommended, an individualized and pathophysiology-based approach to control BP might be the best option throughout the perioperative period. In other words, BP targets in the perioperative period should be determined based on the type of surgery, patients’ baseline BP, risks of hypotension-related organ ischemia, and hypertension-related bleeding.
Perioperative anesthetic management of patients with diabetes mellitus: focused on blood glucose control
Authors: Seo Hyungseok
Published: September 2020

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, which results in damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney, and nervous system. The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased in Korea due to longer life expectancy or lifestyle improvement. Since diabetes affects multiple organs including the cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and autonomic nervous systems, the risk of postoperative complications such as wound infection and cardiovascular events might be increased in patients with diabetes. In addition to postoperative complications, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in diabetes may also cause serious problems during surgery. Preoperative fasting and surgical stress may contribute to the derangement of the patient’s physiological status. For appropriate management of diabetic patients in the perioperative period, patients should be evaluated in detail preoperatively and their blood glucose levels should be checked repeatedly during the surgery and even after surgery. The present paper reviews preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of patients with diabetes.
Anesthetic management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ahn Hyun Joo
Published: September 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of death worldwide. It has a prevalence of 14% among Koreans aged above 40 years and a prevalence of 31% among those aged above 65 years. However, only 6% of the COPD patients receive treatment. Most of the patients do not seek medical attention, as they think that dyspnea, cough, and productive sputum, which are the common symptoms of COPD, are normal aging phenomena. Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, but environmental hazards and genetic susceptibility are also involved. With aging, lung injuries due to these risk factors accumulate, leading to increased prevalence of COPD. The major concerns regarding perioperative management of COPD patients include preoperative evaluation of cardiopulmonary risks, optimization of lung function, and evaluation of COPD-related physiological functions that are easily aggravated during anesthesia. These include respiratory muscle dysfunction, dynamic hyperinflation and auto-positive end-expiratory pressure, hypoxia-hypercarbia, and pulmonary hypertension-associated heart failure. Therefore, anesthesia for COPD patients should focus on preoperative evaluation, risk reduction measures, and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.
Pharmacologic therapy of olfaction disroders induced by COVID-19 upper respiratory infection
Authors: Min Hyun Jin
Published: September 2020

Postviral olfactory disorder refers to the sensorineural olfactory loss caused by upper respiratory tract infections. With the increasing awareness of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction as a potential early symptom of coronavirus disease 2019, postviral olfactory disorder has been attracting much attention. Postviral olfactory disorder is the most common type of olfactory disorder, especially among women aged over 50 years. Systemic or topical corticosteroids have commonly been used for treating this disorder, but the mechanism of corticosteroid action is unclear. Other medical treatment options such as alpha-lipoic acids and caroverine that stimulate nerve growth factor expression or prevent glutamatergic neurotoxicity have also been used. Although these drugs have been found to be useful in the treatment of postviral olfactory disorder in previous studies, the efficacy has not been statistically proven through a meta-analysis. Recently, olfactory training has been introduced in the treatment strategy for postviral olfactory disorder. It is a safe option without side effects that can be used for treating olfactory disorders caused by upper respiratory tract infections. Further rigorous studies are needed to determine the efficacy of the combination of drug treatment and olfactory training.
Importance of lifestyle, stress, and chronic diseases in self-rated health of Korean doctors
Authors: Oh Su Hyun , Kim Jin Suk
Published: September 2020

The quality of medical services and the health of patients can be guaranteed when the doctors are healthy. In this study, we used the data from the 2016 Korean Physician Survey and analyzed the relationship of lifestyle, stress, and chronic diseases status with the self-rated health of Korean doctors. Among 7,631 doctors in Korea, 2,336 (30.6%) reported their self-rated health as ‘good’, 4,462 (58.5%) as ‘moderate’, and 833 (10.9%) as ‘bad’. The multinominal logistic regression analysis, showed that factors related to the self-rated health were age, type of healthcare facility, smoking, exercise, sleep duration, stress, and chronic diseases status. Since doctors’ lifestyle, stress, and chronic disease status were closely related to their self-rated health, it is imperative to prepare measures to protect doctors’ health in an intensive medical environment, where too many patients require treatment, due to the characteristics of the medical system in Korea.
Aerosol pollution maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four rural background stations from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Heintzenberg Jost , Birmili Wolfram , Hellack Bryan , Spindler Gerald , Tuch Thomas , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A total of 10 years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with
hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European Emissions Database for Global
Atmospheric Research (EDGAR),
yielding pollution maps over Germany of PM10, particle number concentrations, and
equivalent black carbon (eBC). The maps reflect aerosol emissions modified with atmospheric
processes during transport between sources and receptor sites. Compared to emission maps, strong
western European emission centers do not dominate the downwind concentrations because their
emissions are reduced by atmospheric processes on the way to the receptor area. PM10,
eBC, and to some extent also particle number concentrations are rather controlled by emissions
from southeastern Europe from which pollution transport often occurs under drier conditions. Newly
formed particles are found in air masses from a broad sector reaching from southern Germany to
western Europe, which we explain with gaseous particle precursors coming with little wet scavenging
from this region. Annual emissions for 2009 of PM10, BC, SO2, and NOx were
accumulated along each trajectory and compared with the corresponding measured time series. The
agreement of each pair of time series was optimized by varying monthly factors and annual factors
on the 2009 emissions. This approach yielded broader summer emission minima than published values
that were partly displaced from the midsummer positions. The validity of connecting the ambient concentration and
emission of particulate pollution was tested by calculating temporal changes in eBC for subsets of
back trajectories passing over two separate prominent emission regions, region A to the northwest
and B to the southeast of the measuring stations. Consistent with reported emission data the
calculated emission decreases over region A are significantly stronger than over region B.
Assessing contributions of natural surface and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric mercury in a fast-developing region of eastern China from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Qin Xiaofei , Zhang Leiming , Wang Guochen , Wang Xiaohao , Fu Qingyan , Xu Jian , Li Hao , Chen Jia , Zhao Qianbiao , Lin Yanfen , Huo Juntao , Wang Fengwen , Huang Kan , Deng Congrui
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is a global toxic pollutant that can be released into the
atmosphere through anthropogenic and natural sources. The uncertainties in
the estimated emission amounts are much larger from natural than
anthropogenic sources. A method was developed in the present study to
quantify the contributions of natural surface mercury emissions to ambient
gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations through application of
positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with temperature and NH3
as indicators of GEM emissions from natural surfaces. GEM concentrations
were continuously monitored at a 2-hourly resolution at a regional
background site in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China during
2015–2018. Annual average GEM concentrations were in the range of 2.03–3.01 ng m−3, with a strong decreasing trend at a rate of -0.32±0.07 ng m−3 yr−1 from 2015 to 2018, which was mostly caused by reduced
anthropogenic emissions since 2013. The estimated contributions from natural
surface emissions of mercury to the ambient GEM concentrations were in the
range of 1.00–1.13 ng m−3 on annual average, with insignificant
interannual changes, but the relative contribution increased significantly
from 41 % in 2015 to 57 % in 2018, gradually surpassing those from
anthropogenic sources.
Entangled dynamos and Joule heating in the Earth's ionosphere
Authors: Buchert Stephan C.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Earth's neutral atmosphere is the driver of the well-known solar quiet (Sq) and other magnetic variations observed for more than 100 years. Yet the understanding of how the neutral wind can
accomplish a dynamo effect has been incomplete. A new viable model is presented where a dynamo effect is obtained only in the case of winds perpendicular to the magnetic field B that do not
map along B. Winds where u×B is constant have no effect. We identify
Sq as being driven by wind differences at magnetically conjugate points and not by a neutral wind per se. The view of two different but entangled dynamos is favoured, with some conceptual analogy
to quantum mechanical states. Because of the large preponderance of the neutral gas mass over the
ionized component in the Earth's ionosphere, the dominant effect of the plasma adjusting to the winds is Joule heating. The amount of global Joule heating power from Sq is estimated, with
uncertainties, to be much lower than Joule heating from ionosphere–magnetosphere coupling at high latitudes in periods of strong geomagnetic activity. However, on average both contributions could
be relatively comparable. The global contribution of heating by ionizing solar radiation in the
same height range should be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger.
Arctic tsunamis threaten coastal landscapes and communities – survey of Karrat Isfjord 2017 tsunami effects in Nuugaatsiaq, western Greenland
Authors: Strzelecki Mateusz C. , Jaskólski Marek W.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. On the 17 June 2017, a massive landslide which mobilized 35–58 million m3 of material entered the Karrat Isfjord in western Greenland.
It triggered a tsunami wave with a runup height exceeding 90 m close to the
landslide, ca. 50 m on the opposite shore of the fjord. The tsunami
travelled ca. 32 km along the fjord and reached the settlement of
Nuugaatsiaq with ca. 1–1.5 m high waves which flooded the terrain up to 9 m a.s.l. (above sea level). Tsunami waves were powerful enough to destroy the community
infrastructure, impact fragile coastal tundra landscape, and unfortunately
injure several inhabitants and cause four deaths. Our field survey carried out
25 months after the event results in documentation of the previously
unreported scale of damage in the settlement (ca. 48 % of infrastructure
objects including houses and administration buildings were destroyed by the
tsunami). We have observed a recognizable difference in the concentration of
tsunami deposit accumulations between areas of the settlement overwashed by
the wave and areas of runup and return flow. The key tsunami effects
preserved in the coastal landscape were eroded coastal bluffs, gullied and
dissected edges of cliffed coast in the harbour, and tundra vegetation
compressed by boulders or icebergs rafted onshore during the event.
Towards understanding the pattern of glacier mass balances in High Mountain Asia using regional climatic modelling
Authors: de Kok Remco J. , Kraaijenbrink Philip D. A. , Tuinenburg Obbe A. , Bonekamp Pleun N. J. , Immerzeel Walter W.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA) provide an important water
resource for communities downstream, and they are markedly impacted by global
warming, yet there is a lack of understanding of the observed glacier mass
balances and their spatial variability. In particular, the glaciers in the
western Kunlun Shan and Karakoram (WKSK) ranges show neutral to positive
mass balances despite global warming. Using models of the regional climate
and glacier mass balance, we reproduce the observed patterns of glacier mass
balance in High Mountain Asia of the last decades within uncertainties. We
show that low temperature sensitivities of glaciers and an increase in
snowfall, for a large part caused by increases in evapotranspiration from
irrigated agriculture, result in positive mass balances in the WKSK. The pattern
of mass balances in High Mountain Asia can thus be understood from the
combination of changes in climatic forcing and glacier properties, with an
important role for irrigated agriculture.
El tratamiento de las marcas de colores en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina
Authors: Indacochea Jauregui Juan Manuel
Published: September 2020

El Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina ha venido elaborando una línea jurisprudencial coherente respecto a las marcas de colores. El órgano jurisdiccional supranacional ha desarrollado criterios para la aplicación de las diferentes causales de irregistrabilidad por falta de distintividad intrínseca del signo solicitado a registro conformado por una combinación de colores o un color específico delimitado por una forma determinada. Sin embargo, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina se pronunció recientemente, contradiciendo el sentido de la referida línea jurisprudencial previa, a propósito de una controversia en relación con la interpretación del requisito relativo a que un signo consistente en un color aisladamente considerado se encuentre delimitado por una forma específica, establecido en los Artículos 134 Literal e) y 135 Literal h) de la Decisión 486, “Régimen Común sobre Propiedad Industrial” de la Comunidad Andina.
The Importance of Character-Based Health Education in School to Improve Quality of Health Living in Indonesia
Authors: Hermino Agustinus , Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to provide an understanding of the importance of character-based health education that aims to provide an understanding of teachers and parents who act as educators at school and at home about positive habits for a clean and healthy life, both for themselves and the environment. Method, this research is carried out by conducting academic analysis from various aspects of relevant reference sources so as to find new theoretical meaning in order to answer the challenges that occur in society. Result, Character-based health education can be taught through internalization methods by prioritizing modeling, habituation, rule enforcement, and motivation. Thus, character-based health education can be done intra curricular or extracurricular. Intra curricular is integrated into the subjects, while extracurricular are done outside of class hours, all of which can be done through example, instilling discipline, habituation, creating a conducive atmosphere and integration-internalization. In addition, collaborative communication between parents and teachers to children or students will bring students to the development of good and strong character of the importance of healthy living and healthy living that will support the achievement of a good future.
Mediating Effect of Idealized Influence Between Relationship Emotional Intelligence and Intention to Perform: Conceptual Study
Authors: Raman Gopalan , Peng Ng Lee , Chen I-Chi
Published: September 2020

Academics have an enormous endeavor to advance in higher education institutions, and responsiveness regarding to their performance, leaders’ emotional intelligence and leaders’ idealized influence are fundamental. Research on emotional intelligence and job performance is expanding at considerable pace, but emotional intelligence and intention to perform has received less attention. In addition, study on transformational leadership towards intention to perform has been established but study on a single component, idealized influence has been eluded. To address this gap in the literature, this study is intended to examine the leader’s emotional intelligence abilities and idealized influence towards academic’s intention to perform. Drawing from attribution theory and transformational leadership, the study hypothesized that emotional intelligence and intention to perform will be mediated by idealized influence.
Determinants of Audit Report Lag of Commercial Banks in Nepal
Authors: Prasad Bhattarai Bishnu
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study to analyzed the determinants of audit report lag of commercial banks in Nepal. The secondary balance panel data of seven commercial banks for the period of 2013/2014 to 2017/ 2018, latest five years fresh data for the analysis. The sample have been choice from the convenience sampling technique. The descriptive statistics, correlational and casual comparative research design has been employed. The study has been selected audit report lag as dependent variable and return of total assets (ROA), leverage, size of bank, size of board, and bank age as independent variables. The result has been analysis by three different models like Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects and Random Effects Model with the help of Gretl Statistical Software version 1.9.4. The result of Poled OLS and Random Effects Model has appropriate of this cases. In the Fixed Effects Model has not prediction of statically because there is not any variable significant. The study found that leverage and board size are the determinants of audit report lag in the Nepalese commercial banks perspectives. The study also found that the minimum 18 days to maximum 242 days lag of audit report of sample banks. The study concluded that leverage and board size have major determinants of audit report lag in Nepalese samples banks perspectives.
Essay Writing and Its Problems: A Study of ESL Students at Secondary Level
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Siddiqa Aisha , Nabi Amana Ghulam , Shahzad Waheed , Rashid Majid
Published: September 2020

Writing is the most important genre of all four modules of language. In Pakistan, English is taught as a second language and developing English writing competence is essential for successful communication at all levels of the education system. However, students face challenges in mastering English essay writing skills. The main objective of this study is to investigate the challenges faced in English essay writing by Secondary school students in District Rahim Yar Khan. However, the specific objectives were to determine strategies employed by teachers for teaching essay writing skills, problems faced and strategies employed by students for learning these skills. Finally, methods were proposed for teachers and students for enhancing English essay writing skills among students. A descriptive survey research methodology was adopted. The target population was teachers and students of public secondary schools of District Rahim Yar Khan except for schools of Tehsil Liaquatpur. The sample consisted of 170 students and 27 teachers from 17 sampled schools. Questionnaire from teachers and students and an essay writing test from students were conducted to collect data. The descriptive statistical technique was used to analyze quantitative data in the form of percentages and frequencies. It was evaluated that most common teaching methods used are demonstrations, lectures and question and answers. However, effective teaching methods like oral presentations, peer teaching, group discussions, and role play are not widely used. Moreover, teachers do face problems like low salaries and high workload which effects teaching. Based on the study, recommendations were made for students, teachers, and government to address the challenges students face in English essay writing at secondary level.
Achievement Emotions in Mathematics: Design and Evidence of Validity of a Self-Report Scale
Authors: Gómez Olimpia , García-Cabrero Benilde , Hoover Michael L. , Castañeda-Figueiras Sandra , Benítez Yolanda Guevara
Published: September 2020

The Inventory of Emotions Experienced by Adolescents when Solving Mathematical Tasks (INETAM, for its acronym in Spanish), measures four influential emotions related to Math performance: Enthusiasm, Frustration, Enjoyment, and Boredom. Content validity, construct validation and item calibration analyses were performed to obtain evidence of its validity, using a sample of 448 adolescents enrolled in ninth grade. Factor analysis showed adequate reliability coefficients and fit indices. Calibration analysis showed that the items are highly informative and discriminate between response levels. Regression analysis indicated that emotions are predictors of math achievement. INETAM is solid psychometrically, suitable for measuring academic emotions of adolescents, and can contribute to improve our understanding of their influence on academic achievement in mathematics.
African Union and the Politics of Selective Prosecutions at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Endoh Fabrice Tambe
Published: September 2020

African Union and the Politics of Selective Prosecutions at the International Criminal Court

The African Union (AU) claims that the International Criminal Court (ICC) is selective against African leaders. The issue therefore arises concerning the validity of the allegations of selectivity. Partly because of such concerns, African Heads of States adopted the Malabo Protocol during their annual summit held in June 2014. Article 46A bis of the Protocol provides immunity for sitting Heads of States. This provision contradicts Article 27 of the Rome Statute and, consequently, arguably reverses the progress made so far in international criminal law by giving priority to immunity in the face of impunity. This article considers the validity of some of the allegations of selective application of criminal sanctions by the ICC and the likely consequence of the Malabo Protocol for regional and international criminal justice. The article argues that the Malabo Protocol should not be ratified by African states until the shield of immunity granted to sitting Heads of States is lifted to better advance the interests of justice for the victims of international crimes in Africa. In addition, the complementarity clause stated in the Malabo Protocol should have a nexus with the ICC such that the Court would be allowed to prosecute the perpetrators of international crimes in circumstances where the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR) prove reluctant to do so.
Risicogedrag van jongeren
Authors: Franken Aart , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Harakeh Zeena , Vollebergh Wilma
Published: September 2020

Early adolescent risk behaviors: Do friendship influence processes differ for the onset and further (dis)continuation of risk behavior during early adolescence?

Studies investigating peer influence on risk behaviors, such as antisocial behavior and substance abuse, mostly study the amount of change in which adolescents adapt their risk behavior to become more similar to their friends. Onset of risk behavior, changing form having no experience to having any experience with risk behavior, has been studies far less. This study investigates friends’ influence on the onset of risk behavior and their influence in changes in risk behavior. Hypotheses were tested using SNARE (Social Network Analysis of Risk behavior in Early adolescence) data (N=1.144), containing information on risk behavior (i.e. antisocial behavior, alcohol use, and tobacco use) and friendship networks at three timepoints during the first year of secondary education (Mage= 12.7; SD=0.47). Analyses, using longitudinal social network analysis (RSIENA), showed that although adolescents adapt their risk behavior to become more similar to their friends, they are not influence in by their friends in the onset of risk behavior. These findings suggest s more nuanced role of friends in the onset of risk behavior. Interventions aiming at friends might benefit from differentiating between the onset and further (dis)continuation of risk behavior as these friendship influence processes might be less relevant for the onset of risk behavior.
Jonge veelplegers en hun worsteling om te stoppen met criminaliteit
Authors: Weijers Ido
Published: September 2020

Young repeat offenders and their struggle to desist from crime

This article presents findings from a longitudinal study of 81 young recidivists examined over fifteen years. By the age of 25, 50 percent had desisted for at least three years. 60 percent had had no new police contacts during the last two years. Four stages could be distinguished in the desistance process. Apart from a small number of explicit persisters, all of the young adults did consciously consider whether the benefits of their criminal activities outweighed the disadvantages. With just a few exceptions, the decision to quit was not motivated by an altruistic goal, nor by extreme fear, but mainly motivated by the feeling of being too old for criminal life and by striving for a pleasant self-esteem. It is concluded that when young adult recidivists give up crime, this must be seen as an extreme and extremely late form of maturation.
Prevalentie van slachtofferschap van seksueel grensoverschrijdend gedrag onder universiteitsstudenten
Authors: Fieuw Aude , Depraetere Joke , Pauwels Lieven , Vander Beken Tom , Vandeviver Christophe
Published: September 2020

Prevalence of sexual assault among college students. First results of a Belgian cohort study

In this paper we describe the first results of a recent cohort study conducted at Ghent University and focus on the applied study design. Existing cross-sectional studies regarding sexual victimization are not able to make causal statements about its risk and outcome factors. This cohort study aims to answer these questions. Results of this study confirmed that students are often confronted with sexual assault and seldom consult existing support services. This paper emphasizes the advantages of a longitudinal design within victimological research including the possibilities and difficulties that accompany it.
‘Partners in crime’? De rol van de antropologie in de criminologie
Authors: Oude Breuil Brenda
Published: September 2020

Partners in crime? The role of anthropology in criminology

Criminology, as an inherently interdisciplinary field, has built on anthropology (and other social sciences) in its development. This contribution addresses the question which insights in criminology have most been inspired by anthropology. First, it looks into the ‘criminal anthropology’ of Lombroso; then it embarks on an appreciation of the ethnographic research design within criminology (as first adopted by the Chicago School); and, finally, it assesses the link between anthropology, and cultural and global criminology. I conclude that anthropology has been valuable to our discipline on four levels: methodologically (in the importance of the ethnographic research design), theoretically (in its role in the development of symbolic interactionism and structuralism, for example), geographically (in the global scope of anthropological research), and analytically, in its experience with ‘doing ethnography’ in economically, politically and culturally embedded ways.
Black Hole Attack Prevention in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) using Ant Colony Optimization Technique
Authors: Khan Dost Muhammad , Aslam Talal , Akhtar Nadeem , Qadri Salman , Rabbani Imran Mujaddid , Aslam Dr. Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The Mobile ad-hoc networks are auto configured systems where hubs can travel towards any direction. It doesn’t rely on any other frame to build the framework. Because of its versatility, the black hole is a real security issue to be settled. It occurs once a malignant hub referred to as black hole goes into the framework. Black hole center point exhibits its fake lead among the methodology after all disclosure. Currently, varied strategies are made arrangements for Mobile ad-hoc networks. Regardless, at interims seeing Black hole or fake hubs, the entire Mobile ad-hoc frameworks are exposed to various sorts of assaults or network attacks. Among these issues, a black hole center points plugs itself of getting a most nearest targeted hub, whose data packet must be constrained to drop. In this flooding procedures, if the communication from the genuine hub accomplishes later than the fake hub reply as requested by the standard hub. A false communication path is framed through a fake center hub. A perfect method is one in which the package reach to target with less delay and lesser overhead. In this paper we'll talk about the implementation of Ant Colony Optimization Technique and Repetitive Route Configuration with Reactive Routing Protocol for obstruction of black hole Attack in Mobile ad-hoc networks.
Semantics Based Clustering through Cover-Kmeans with OntoVsm for Information Retrieval
Authors: Kumar R.Lakshmana , Kannammal N , Krishnamoorthy Sujatha , Kadry Seifedine
Published: September 2020

Document clustering plays a significant task in the retrieval of the information, which seeks to divide documents into groups automatically, depending on their content similarity. The cluster consists of related documents within the group (having high intra-cluster similarity) and dissimilar to other group documents (having low inter-cluster similarity). Clustering documents should be considered an unsupervised process that aims to classify documents by identifying underlying structures, i.e. the learning process is unsupervised. So there is no need to determine the correct output for an input. Previous clustering methods do not know the semantic associations between words such that the context of documents cannot be correctly interpreted. In order to address this problem, the advent of semantic ontology information such as WordNet was widely used to enhance text clustering consistency.  This paper initially proposes an OntoVSM model to reduce the dimension of the document efficiently. The cover K-means clustering algorithm is proposed for semantic document clustering. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid version of K-Means and covers coefficient-based clustering methodology (C3M) that is improved semantically using WordNet ontology. The dimensionality reduction based on semantic knowledge of each term preserves the information without loss. The performance of the proposed work is analysed through experimental results. This shows that the proposed work gives improved results compared to other standard methods.
Ökologische Ethik
Authors: Mierzwa Roland
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus crisis has underlined that in dealing with the world’s environmental issues, in particular with the climate crisis, politicians have a greater sphere of influence than they previously revealed to society. This book therefore readdresses ethical motifs such as respect for life, sustainability and responsibility against this backdrop. Moreover, it comprehensively examines the trend towards ecological living in civil society and presents an outline of its overall nature and design. In order to preserve this movement’s energy and creativity, it requires a spiritual direction. In this book, Roland Mierzwa presents a concept with which this can be achieved.
The Most Important Factors in Prognosis Of Obstetric Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Tertiary Center Study
Authors: TURGUT Abdulkadir , PEKER Nurullah , AĞAÇAYAK Elif , AKIN EVSEN Gamze , AYDIN Edip , İÇEN Mehmet Sait , KARAÇOR Talip , FINDIK Fatih Mehmet , ÇELİK Feyzi , DİRİCAN Emre , GÜL Talip
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying causes of obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and to evaluate the laboratory and clinical signs affecting DIC-related morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with obstetrical DIC in a tertiary referral hospital.

Method: The retrospective study included women with DIC who either had a delivery at Dicle University Medical School Gynecology and Obstetrics Department or were referred to this department prior to delivery between May 2006 and May 2016. DIC scoring was performed using the DIC scoring system developed by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) in 2001.

Results: A total of 82 women with obstetrical DIC were included in the study. The incidence of obstetrical DIC in our department was 0.41%. Overall mortality rate was 24% and mortality occurred in 8% of the patients with a DIC score of ≤5 and in 12% of the patients with a score of >5 (p=0.043). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) and ALT (Alanin Aminotransferaz) levels led to a significant increase in DIC-related mortality [OR: 1.803 (CI: 1.027-3.167), OR: 1.003 (CI: 1.001-1.005), respectively].

Conclusions: Obstetrical DIC may result in high mortality and morbidity. DIC scoring can be useful for predicting the prognosis and DIC-related mortality. INR and ALT is the most important laboratory parameter in DIC and also can affect mortality.
Geological-geophysical models of the crust for the White Sea region
Authors: Sharov N. V. , Bakunovich L. I. , Belashev B. Z. , Zhuravlev V. A. , Nilov M. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The study of the White Sea region and the adjacent area aimed to model the structure of the crystalline portion of the crust at the contact of the northeastern slope of the Fennoscandian Shield and the Russian Plate. Modeling was based on geological, geophysical and DSS profile data, State Geological Map of the Russian Federation (scale 1:1 000 000), Explanatory Notes to Sheets Q-35, 36, 37, and 38 (third generation, 2009), and Tectonic Map of the White Sea and Adjacent Areas (2012). A model was constructed using GIS INTEGRO software (VNIIgeosystems), specifically its procedures for calculation and visualization of 2D and 3D models showing crust density and magnetic fields. The model of the study area shows the structure of the crust and the characteristics of its horizons.
Alban Berg: from amateur composer to the author of Altenberglieder
Authors: Skosyreva Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

The object of this research is the piano compositions of Alban Berg – the String Quartet, Op. 3, and the vocal cycle Altenberglieder, Op. 4. The subject of this research is the artistic transformation of Berg from amateur composer of romantic music to the author of the complex atonal composition. The article reviews the aspects of Berg's apprenticeship that impacted his professional becoming. The peculiarities of the pedagogical method the composer's mentor and friend. Arnold Schoenberg are described. The author systematizes Berg's musical impressions acquired in his earlier period, which revealed the world of “new tones”. Special attention is given to the personal qualities of Alban Berg, his desire to cognize the new musical world. Analysis is conducted on the piano pieces composed at the time of his study with Schoenberg is. Opuses 3 and 4 are examined for the similar authorial techniques and their gradual complication. The conclusion is made that the phenomenon of rapid changes in the composer's artistic path is substantiated by a combination of factors. Berg was able to overcome the initially romantic melodious nature in his composing due to the opportunity to be in Vienna, which was the center of musical life at that time and the pedagogical talent of A. Schoenberg. The key character traits of the composer were commitment, capacity to work, and strive for creative truth. His natural enthusiasm and sensitivity were balanced by mathematical meticulousness and propensity for systematization. This served as the foundation for the remarkable changes that can be traces from his apprentice sketches to the first independent composition – the vocal cycle Altenberglieder, Op. 4. The scientific novelty of this research consists in posing the question of how Berg was able to develop such complex modern language in a very short period of time that elevated him to the forefront of leading composers.
Downregulation of miR‐326 and its host gene β‐arrestin1 induces pro‐survival activity of E2F1 and promotes medulloblastoma growth
Authors: Miele Evelina , Po Agnese , Mastronuzzi Angela , Carai Andrea , Besharat Zein Mersini , Pediconi Natalia , Abballe Luana , Catanzaro Giuseppina , Sabato Claudia , De Smaele Enrico , Canettieri Gianluca , Di Marcotullio Lucia , Vacca Alessandra , Mai Antonello , Levrero Massimo , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel , Giangaspero Felice , Locatelli Franco , Ferretti Elisabetta
Published: September 2020

Persistent mortality rates of medulloblastoma (MB) and severe side effects of the current therapies require the definition of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to tumor progression. Using cultured MB cancer stem cells and xenograft tumors generated in mice, we show that low expression of miR‐326 and its host gene β‐arrestin1 (ARRB1) promotes tumor growth enhancing the E2F1 pro‐survival function. Our models revealed that miR‐326 and ARRB1 are controlled by a bivalent domain, since the H3K27me3 repressive mark is found at their regulatory region together with the activation‐associated H3K4me3 mark. High levels of EZH2, a feature of MB, are responsible for the presence of H3K27me3. Ectopic expression of miR‐326 and ARRB1 provides hints into how their low levels regulate E2F1 activity. MiR‐326 targets E2F1 mRNA, thereby reducing its protein levels; ARRB1, triggering E2F1 acetylation, reverses its function into pro‐apoptotic activity. Similar to miR‐326 and ARRB1 overexpression, we also show that EZH2 inhibition restores miR‐326/ARRB1 expression, limiting E2F1 pro‐proliferative activity. Our results reveal a new regulatory molecular axis critical for MB progression.
Exploration of Nanoporous CuBi Binary Alloy for Potassium Storage
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhang Wei , Wu Naiqi , Pang Su‐Seng , He Guang , Ding Yi
Published: September 2020

The exploration of advanced electrode materials with appropriate structures and compositions is the primary task for nonaqueous potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, 3D nanoporous CuBi anodes are fabricated through a facile chemical dealloying process. The ligaments of this nanoporous alloy are composed of interconnected Bi serving as the active material and Cu decoration as a highly conductive matrix. Such a typical bicontinuous ligament‐channel structure is beneficial to overcome the slow K‐ion diffusion kinetics as well as electrode expansion on cycling, as evidenced by the high discharge capacity and good rate capability in PIBs. Potassium storage mechanisms in the Bi anodes are investigated through combined techniques to identify the multiple step postassiation process and the charge/discharge products at each stage. Furthermore, it is the first time to report the irreversible phase transition of KBi2→Bi upon charge, which seems associated with the ligament pulverization process. These results provide critical insights into the capacity degradation mechanisms of Bi anodes in PIBs. Also, dealloying is proved to be an efficient technology for the rational design of metal/alloy materials for high performance PIBs.
Simultaneous X‐Ray Diffraction and Tomography Operando Investigation of Aluminum/Graphite Batteries
Authors: Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Greco Giorgia , Kamm Paul Hans , García‐Moreno Francisco , Raoux Simone , Hahn Robert
Published: September 2020

Rechargeable graphite dual‐ion batteries are extremely appealing for grid‐level stationary storage of electricity, thanks to the low‐cost and high‐performance metrics, such as high‐power density, energy efficiency, long cycling life, and good energy density. An in‐depth understanding of the anion intercalation mechanism in graphite is fundamental for the design of highly efficient systems. In this work, a comparison is presented between pyrolytic (PG) and natural (NG) graphite as positive electrode materials in rechargeable aluminum batteries, employing an ionic liquid electrolyte. The two systems are characterized by operando synchrotron energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction and time‐resolved computed tomography simultaneously, establishing a powerful characterization methodology, which can also be applied more in general to carbon‐based energy‐related materials. A more in‐depth insight into the AlCl4−/graphite intercalation mechanism is obtained, evidencing a mixed‐staged region in the initial phase and a two‐staged region in the second phase. Moreover, strain analysis suggests a correlation between the irreversibility of the PG electrode and the increase of the inhomogenous strain. Finally, the imaging analysis reveals the influence of graphite morphology in the electrode volume expansion upon cycling.