bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Automatic Modulation Recognition Method in the Presence of Phase Offset
Authors: Shi Jie , Hong Sheng , Cai Changxin , Wang Yu , Huang Hao , Gui Guan
Published: February 2020

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) plays an important role in various communications systems. It has the ability of adaptive modulation and can adapt to various complex environments. Automatic modulation recognition is also widely used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, because the recognition accuracy of traditional methods to extract the features of OFDM signals is very limited. In order to solve these problems, many deep learning based AMR methods have been proposed to improve the recognition performance. However, most of these AMR methods neglect the harmful effect by carrier phase offset (PO) which often appears in real communications systems. Hence it is required to consider the PO effect for designing the OFDM system. Unlike conventional methods, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based AMR method for considering PO in the OFDM system. The proposed method is used to eliminate the PO to achieve the high classification accuracy. Experiment results are provided to confirm the proposed method when comparing to conventional methods.
Remoção biológica de nitrogênio por meio do processo de Nitrificação e Desnitrificação Simultâneas (NDS) em Lodo Ativado de Fluxo Contínuo
Authors: de Freitas Bueno Rodrigo , Campos Fábio , Além Sobrinho Pedro , Passos Pivelli Roque
Published: February 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições de remoção de nitrogênio por meio do processo conhecido como nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas (NDS) em um sistema de lodo ativado operado sob fluxo contínuo em escala real. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto da Sabesp ETE – Limoeiro, localizada no município de Presidente Prudente/SP, Brasil. Para o controle do processo de NDS, o sistema de fornecimento de ar foi otimizado e as principais variáveis de interesse foram monitoradas de forma online. Em linhas gerais, pode-se concluir que o processo de lodo ativado operando com NDS resultou em boa eficiência na remoção de nitrogênio do esgoto, aplicando-se idade do lodo na faixa de 12 dias, tempo de detenção hidráulico médio de 16,6 horas e concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido nos reatores em torno de 0,5 mgO2.L-1. Os resultados demonstram que a nitrificação do esgoto ocorreu de forma eficiente, porém não completa, com residual em torno de 3,8 mgN-NH3.L-1. Já os resultados de concentração de N-Nitrato no efluente do processo de lodoativado demonstraram a expressiva eficiência do processo de desnitrificação, resultando em concentraçõesmenores que 2,5 mgN-NO3.L-1. A otimização do sistema de aeração resultou em uma economia média de 34% com o gasto de energia elétrica para aeração do sistema. De modo geral, o processo de NDS é uma alternativa a ser considerada tanto nos estudos de concepção para a implantação de novas estações como na adaptação de processos de lodos ativados existentes.
Impacto do desempenho hidroenergético de sistema de abastecimento de água no consumo de energia elétrica em campus universitário
Authors: Fernando Hungria Ferreira Jorge , Menezes Lopes Raynner , Almir Rodrigues Pereira José
Published: February 2020

Nesse trabalho foi analisada a operação de quatro Estações Elevatória de Água (EEA), tendo como objetivo verificar o impacto no consumo e na despesa de energia elétrica do Sistema de Abastecimento de Água (SAA) da Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto, campus principal da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Para isso, foram realizadas atividades em três etapas, sendo na primeira monitorados parâmetros hidráulicos e elétricos nas quatro EEAs, em intervalos de 10s, durante 24h. Em seguida, os 103.680 dados monitorados foram sistematizados, possibilitando o cálculo de indicadores de desempenho hidroenergético. Na última etapa foram analisados o consumo e a despesa de energia elétrica nas quatro EEAs. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as EEAs não tiveram a operação paralisada durante o horário de ponta e que houve consumo de energia elétrica reativa excedente devido aos baixos valores de fator de potência. O consumo específico de energia elétrica agregada foi de 0,52 kWh/m³ na Linha 1 com as Elevatórias de Água Bruta (EEAB) e de Água Tratada 1 (EEAT 1), e de 0,47 kWh/m³ na Linha 2 com as elevatórias EEAB, EEAT 2 e EEAT 3. Isso resultou nos custos de energia elétrica no horário de ponta de 1,89 R$/m³ na Linha 1 e de 1,71 R$/m³ na Linha 2, sendo no horário fora de ponta observados valores de 0,27 R$/m³ e 0,24 R$/m³, respectivamente. Na pesquisa foi constatada a necessidade de modificação do desempenho operacional das EEAs para reduzir o bombeamento de água no período noturno e no horário de ponta, o que, naturalmente, diminuirá os valores verificados de consumo (50.705 kWh/
mês) e de despesa de energia elétrica (R$ 46.548,00 por mês) no SAA do campus.
Análise temporal do uso e cobertura do solo e da qualidade da água da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Tibagi
Authors: Giany Assunção Emily , Henrique Marques de Castro Paulo , Castreghini de Freitas Pereira Adriana , Kiyomi Kuroda Emília
Published: February 2020

O desenvolvimento de atividades antrópicas está intimamente relacionado ao uso e cobertura da bacia hidrográfica e impacta diretamente nos aspectos quali-quantitativos da água. Considerando a intervenção ocorrida em 2012 na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Tibagi - BHT, com a instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica - UHE Mauá, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água e as alterações no uso e cobertura do solo da BHT para os anos de 2006, 2011 e 2016. Para a avaliação da qualidade da água do rio Tibagi, foram obtidos dados de estações fluviométricas, localizadas na BHT. Para classificação do uso e cobertura do solo foi utilizado o programa ArcGIS e imagens do satélite LANDSAT 5 e 8. Em geral, a qualidade da água pelo Índice de Qualidade da Água - IQA foi classificada como boa e os mapas de uso e cobertura apresentaram aumento da classe urbana e redução da classe vegetação rasteira.
Efficacy of McConnell’s Medial Patellar Taping Application for Pain Management and Walking Velocity of Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Wahju Hidajati1,  , Angela BM Tulaar  , Yoga Iwanoff Kasjmir  , Sumariyono  , Surjanto M.A
Published: February 2020

Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of medial patellar taping in addition to exercise for pain relief and 15 meters walking time, and to find any correlation between the pain improvement and functional outcome.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial of knee patellar taping in combination with the isometric and stretching exercise in comparison to taping free- exercise. The inclusion criteria includesknee osteoarthritis patients with VAS score ranges four to eight of each knee, with or without tolerable pain on the other knee. The treatment group received knee tapping and isometric and stretching exercise of thequadriceps, iliotibial band, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles. Both treatment and control group were assessed for about three weeks (day 1/week 0, day 2, day 28/week 4, and day 49/week 7). A visual analoguescale (VAS) was used to assess knee pain severity whereas 15 m walking time assessed to measure functional gait performance. On day 2, both measurements were done for study group only, with assumption the resultwould be the same with 1 day exercise only. A Lequesne index measured functional outcome.Results: There were 24 participants, twelve patients were in the tapped group while the remaining twelve were in the control group. Significant pain differences were visible during the treatment period at day 1, day2 and at the beginning of week 7. At day 2 and week 4, the study group showed significant pain reduction in comparison to the control group (p < 0.007).The walking time also showed significant improvement in the study group at day 2 (p < 0.000) but there were no significant difference at week 4 and week 7. At week 7, the study group experienced pain (p < 0.037) andoutcome improvement significantly. In addition, for about 75% of them had none to moderate disability post intervention. Meanwhile, from the total of eight patients in the control group who had severe to very severedisability, four of them had moderate (50%) and the rest had mild disability (50%). There was significant correlation between the pain and functional outcome on day two.Conclusions: Medial Patellar Taping in addition to isometric and stretching exercise of quadriceps, iliotibial band, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles showed significant improvement of disability superior to theuntapped group. Benefits of Medial Patellar Taping remained three weeks after removal.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain Severity, exercise, Medial Patellar Taping, Visual Analogue Scale, 15 Meter Walking Time, Functional Gait Performance, Lequesne Index.
Development of ‘16-Holes Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ and the Normal Value of 6 Years Old Children
Authors: Fanny Aliwarga  , Ferial Hadipoetro  , Angela BM Tulaar  , Surjanto H
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Obtaining the standard normal value of 6 years old children aged six year, and testing our hypothesis if girls’ dexterity is higher than boys.Methods: The design of this study was a cross sectional study of six years old students of public elementary school in South Jakarta. Inclusion criteria included age six years old, no neurological andorthopedic problem, normal nutritional status and right handed. Location based-random sampling was performed. Dependent variables comprised of age, sex and nutritional status. Independent variable wasthe result of ‘16-Holes Three-Jaw Chuck Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ test. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney Test.Results: There were 191 girls and 191 boys who fulfilled the criteria. The ‘16-Holes Three-Jaw Chuck Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ test allowed subjects to be assessed for their ability to put numbers of pegwithin 15 seconds. The mean number of pegs placed for girls was 6.92 pegs (CI 95% 6.76 – 7.08) and boys was 6.49 pegs (CI 95% 6.33 – 6,65)Conclusions: Girls are able to place more pegs than boys in a given time. Furthermore, girls’ manual dexterity is superior to boys (p 0,000).Keywords: Manual dexterity, standard normal value, pegboard, sex differences.
Political Action Day: A Student-Led Initiative to Increase Health Advocacy Training Among Medical Students
Authors: Gill Harbir , Gill Peter , Eardley William , Marrie Thomas
Published: February 2020

Background: Health advocacy is a critical aspect of the competent physician's role. It is identified as a core competency by several national physician regulatory organizations, yet few formal training programs exist. We developed an initiative to teach medical students health advocacy skills.Methods: At Political Action Day, students from Alberta medical schools lobbied the provincial government. A day of training seminars preceded Political Action Day that focused on teaching health advocacy and communication strategies. The following day, medical students met with elected representatives at the Legislative Assembly. An entry and exit survey was administered to students.Results: On October 26-27th, 2008, 40 students met with 38/83 (46%) elected representatives including the Minister of Health and Wellness. Feedback from students and politicians suggests the event was effective in teaching advocacy skills. This initiative inspired students to be politically active in the future.Conclusions: Political Action Day helps fulfill the health advocacy competency objectives, and requires minimal curriculum time and resources for integration. It is an effective tool to begin teaching advocacy, and should be further expanded and replicated at other Canadian medical schools.
Curricular initiatives that enhance student knowledge and perceptions of sexual and gender minority groups: a critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Desrosiers Jennifer , Wilkinson Tim J , Abel Gillian , Pitama Suzanne
Published: February 2020

Background: There is no accepted best practice for optimizing tertiary student knowledge, perceptions, and skills to care for sexual and gender diverse groups. The objective of this research was to synthesize the relevant literature regarding effective curricular initiatives designed to enhance tertiary level student knowledge, perceptions, and skills to care for sexual and gender diverse populations.Methods: A modified Critical Interpretive Synthesis using a systematic search strategy was conducted in 2015. This method was chosen to synthesize the relevant qualitative and quantitative literature as it allows for the depth and breadth of information to be captured and new constructs to be illuminated. Databases searched include AMED, CINAHL EBM Reviews, ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Nursing Database, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. Results: Thirty-one articles were included in this review. Curricular initiatives ranging from discrete to multimodal approaches have been implemented. Successful initiatives included discrete sessions with time for processing, and multi-modal strategies. Multi-modal approaches that encouraged awareness of one’s lens and privilege in conjunction with facilitated communication seemed the most effective.Conclusions: The literature is limited to the evaluation of explicit curricula. The wider cultural competence literature offers further insight by highlighting the importance of broad and embedded forces including social influences, the institutional climate, and the implicit, or hidden, curriculum. A combined interpretation of the complementary cultural competence and sexual and gender diversity literature provides a novel understanding of the optimal content and context for the delivery of a successful curricular initiative.
Family physician perceptions of working with LGBTQ patients: physician training needs
Authors: Beagan Brenda , Fredericks Erin , Bryson Mary
Published: February 2020

Background: Medical students and physicians report feeling under-prepared for working with patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ). Understanding physician perceptions of this area of practice may aid in developing improved education.Method: In-depth interviews with 24 general practice physicians in Halifax and Vancouver, Canada, were used to explore whether, when and how the gender identity and sexual orientation of LGBTQ women were relevant to good care. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti data analysis software.Results: Three major themes emerged: 1) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity makes little or no difference; treating every patient as an individual while avoiding labels optimises care for everyone. 2) Some physicians perceived sexual/gender identity matters primarily for the provision of holistic care, and in order to address the effects of discrimination. 3) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity both matters and does not matter, as they strove to balance the implications of social group membership with recognition of individual differences. Conclusions: Physicians may be ignoring important aspects of social group memberships that affect health and health care. The authors hold that individual and socio-cultural differences are both important to the provision of quality health care. Distinct from stereotypes, generalisations about social group differences can provide valuable starting points, raising useful lines of inquiry. Emphasizing this distinction in medical education may help change physician approaches to the care of LGBTQ women.
Supporting clinician educators to achieve “work-work balance”
Authors: Maniate Jerry M , Dath Deepak , Cooke Lara , Leslie Karen , Snell Linda , Busari Jamiu O
Published: February 2020

Clinician Educators (CE) have numerous responsibilities in different professional domains, including clinical, education, research, and administration. Many CEs face tensions trying to manage these often competing professional responsibilities and achieve “work-work balance.” Rich discussions of techniques for work-work balance amongst CEs at a medical education conference inspired the authors to gather, analyze, and summarize these techniques to share with others. In this paper we present the CE’s “Four Ps”; these are practice points that support both the aspiring and established CE to help improve their performance and productivity as CEs, and allow them to approach work-work balance.
An examination of entrance criteria for international medical graduates (IMGs) into Canadian psychiatry residency programs
Authors: Soma Ashok , Myatt Matthew , McKenna Mario , Ganesan Soma , Leung Ka Wai
Published: February 2020

Background: Although international medical graduates (IMGs) are essential in health care service delivery, a gap exists in the literature about how IMGs are selected into psychiatry residency programs in Canada. The purpose of this study was to identify the relative weight or importance that Canadian program directors (PDs) of psychiatry place on certain selection criteria when matching IMGs into residency programs.Methods: We electronically distributed a web-based questionnaire to 16 university residency program directors of psychiatry in Canada. Program Directors were asked to rate the importance of 43 selection criteria using 5-point Likert Scales. Criteria were grouped into six domains: academic criteria, extracurricular activities, supporting information, behavioural issues of concern, medical school country, and other education. Mean total values for each set of criteria were calculated and used to create rank orders within each domain.Results: Eight out of 16 program directors responded. Our analysis indicated that academics and behavioral issues of concern were the most important selection criteria.Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable insight about the perspectives of Program Directors toward IMGs who apply for psychiatry residency programs in Canada. Further studies are needed to better understand which criteria contribute to IMGs’ performances as psychiatric residents.
Point-of-care ultrasound as a competency for general internists: a survey of internal medicine training programs in Canada
Authors: Ailon Jonathan , Nadjafi Maral , Mourad Ophyr , Cavalcanti Rodrigo
Published: February 2020

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used on General Internal Medicine (GIM) inpatient services, creating a need for defined competencies and formalized training. We evaluated the extent of training in POCUS and the clinical use of POCUS among Canadian GIM residency programs.Method: Internal Medicine trainees and GIM Faculty at the University of Toronto were surveyed on their clinical use of POCUS and the extent of their training. We separately surveyed Canadian IM Program Directors and Division Directors on the extent of POCUS training in their programs, barriers in the implementation of POCUS curricula, and recommendations for POCUS competencies in IM.Results:  A majority of IM trainees (90/118, 76%) and GIM Faculty (15/29, 52%) used POCUS clinically. However, the vast majority of resident (111/117, 95%) and GIM Faculty (18/28, 64%) had received limited training. Of the Program Leaders surveyed, half (9/17, 53%) reported POCUS clinical use by their trainees; however only one quarter (4/16, 25%) reported offering formal curricula. Most respondents agreed that POCUS training should be incorporated into IM residency curricula, specifically for procedural guidance.Conclusions: A considerable discrepancy exists between the clinical use of POCUS and the extent of formal training among Canadian IM residents and GIM Faculty. We propose that formalized POCUS training should be incorporated into IM residency programs, GIM fellowships, and Faculty development sessions, and identify POCUS skills that could be incorporated into future IM curricula.
Addressing gaps in physician knowledge regarding transgender health and healthcare through medical education
Authors: McPhail Deborah , Rountree-James Marina , Whetter Ian
Published: February 2020

Background: Transgender people (those people whose sex at birth does not “match” their felt gender identity) are a priority group for healthcare as they experience high rates of discrimination and related illnesses. Despite this, there is a trend of poor healthcare access for trans people due, in large part, to the denial of care on the part of physicians. A small body of literature is beginning to suggest that this denial of care may be due to a lack of physician knowledge as well as, in some cases, to transphobia. There is a dearth of research in Canada, however, exploring whether and/or how knowledge gaps create barriers to quality care, and whether medical education can attend to these gaps while and through addressing gender normativity.Methods: To fill these gaps in the literature, we undertook a qualitative study with 30 trans identified people and 11 physicians (N=41) in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Methods included semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups. Data were transcribed and analyzed with NVivo qualitative data software using iterative methods.Results: An overwhelming finding of this study was a lack of physician knowledge, as reported both by trans people and by physicians, that resulted in a denial of trans-specific care and also impacted general care. Transphobia was also identified as a barrier to quality care by both trans people and physicians. Physicians were open to learning more about trans health and healthcare.Conclusions: The findings suggest a pressing need for better medical education that exposes students to basic skills in trans health so that they can become competent in providing care to trans people. This learning must take place alongside anti-transphobia education. Based on these findings, we suggest key recommendations at the close of the paper for providing quality trans health curriculum in medical education.
Enhanced skills in global health and health equity: Guidelines for curriculum development
Authors: Dawe Russell Eric , Pike Andrea , Kidd Monica , Janakiram Praseedha , Nicolle Eileen , Allison Jill
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Global health addresses health inequities in the care of underserved populations, both domestic and international. Given that health systems with a strong primary care foundation are the most equitable, effective and efficient, family medicine is uniquely positioned to engage in global health. However, there are no nationally recognized standards in Canada for postgraduate family medicine training in global health.Objective: To generate consensus on the essential components of a Global Health/Health Equity Enhanced Skills Program in family medicine.Methods: A panel comprised of 34 experts in global health education and practice completed three rounds of a Delphi small group process.Results: Consensus (defined as ≥ 75% agreement) was achieved on program length (12 months), inclusion of both domestic and international components, importance of mentorship, methods of learner assessment (in-training evaluation report, portfolio), four program objectives (advocacy, sustainability, social justice, and an inclusive view of global health), importance of core content, and six specific core topics (social determinants of health, principles and ethics of health equity/global health, cultural humility and competency, pre and post-departure training, health systems, policy, and advocacy for change, and community engagement).Conclusion: Panellists agreed on a number of program components forming the initial foundation for an evidence-informed, competency-based Global Health/Health Equity Enhanced Skills Program in family medicine.
Use of Acupoint Stimulation to Regulate Perioperative Stress-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Xu Hao , Fan Yingying , Meng Xiangzhong , Luan Jing , Guan Hua , Su Xianli , Xu Lixian , Lu Dominic P.
Published: February 2020

The stress response can be triggered during the perioperative period by tension, fear, anesthesia, surgical trauma, and various postoperative adverse stimuli, leading to significant changes in the endocrine, metabolic, and immune systems of patients. In particular, immunosuppression
induced by the stress response has adverse effects on the postoperative recovery of patients. As acupuncture stimulation-related technologies have been rapidly developed and applied in recent years, a number of basic and clinical studies have confirmed that acupoint stimulation can regulate
the immune system via local, neurological, and endocrine pathways. Moreover, acupoint stimulation treatment has also been shown to reduce the adverse effects of immunosuppression by affecting the release of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ,
and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) β, immunoglobulins, complement proteins, and T cell markers such as CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8 via the regulation of macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and endogenous opioids. In addition, acupuncture stimulation treatment during the perioperative period can
also significantly decrease the amount of anesthetic required for anesthesia, effectively reduce nausea and vomiting, relieve post-operative pain, and accelerate the recovery of physiological functions. Therefore, acupuncture stimulation treatment has shown important potential for clinical
applications.
STUDI KELAYAKAN PENDIRIAN FASILITAS INDOOR SOCCER DI JANTI KECAMATAN SUKUN - KOTA MALANG
Authors: Balol Wirawan Aryanto , Sunyoto '
Published: February 2020

Di kota besar seperti Malang, olahraga menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak bisa dikesampingkan begitu saja selain menjaga kondisi tubuh manusia, tetapi juga menghilangkan kejenuhan setelah beraktivitas seharian. Banyak sekali jenis olahraga sepakbola satu diantaranya yang mendapat respon baik di Malang, animo warga Malang ini tidak terlepas dari komunitas Aremania dan Ngalamania. Namun sayangnya respon tersebut tidak didukung dengan sarana yang tersedia, karena semakin banyak lahan - lahan kosong yang dijadikan ruko dan perumahan. Berdasarkan pengumpulan, pengolahan, dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada usaha fasilitas indoor soccer, maka didapat kesimpulan sebagai berikut:(1). Dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner yang dilakukan di Kota Malang sejumlah 185 kuesioner dengan jawaban responden sejumlah 132 orang menyatakan berminat dan 53 orang menyatakan tidak berminat didirikannya usaha Fasilitas Indoor Soccer di Janti Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang, maka peluang didirikan usaha ini memang ada.(2). Biaya investasi yang di butuhkan di usaha pendirian fasilitas indoor soccer ini adalah sebesar Rp. 2.151.313.994,- (3). Berdasarkan aspek-aspek studi kelayakan yang terdiri dari aspek pasar dan pemasaran, aspek organisasi dan manajemen, aspek teknis, aspek hukum, aspek lingkungan, aspek sosial ekonomi dan budaya serta aspek finansial maka pendirian usaha fasilitas indoor soccer di Janti Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang LAYAK untuk didirikan. Berdasarkan analisa kriteria investasi yang merupakan bagian dari aspek finansial diperoleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp.150.885.579,01 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) menunjukkan tingkat suku bunga yang lebih besar dari suku bunga bank yaitu 16.4085 %, serta analisis Payback Periode (PP) dengan jangka waktu pengembalian investasi selama 3 Tahun 8 Bulan 23 Hari lebih Kecil dari pada masa pengembalian investasi yang ditetapkan yaitu selama 5 tahun.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar Tahun 2017
Authors: Susanto Yoan Putri
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, paritas dan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah. Desain penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional Study dengan populasi yaitu ibu hamil yang datang berkunjung pada bulan Januari sampai April sebanyak 378 orang, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 194 orang dimana pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik “Random Sampling”. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dengan uji Chi square dimana untuk variabel usia tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian anemia di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah dengan nilai  P = 0,606 > α = 0,05, untuk variabel paritas memiliki nilai P=0,002 < α = 0,05 artinya ada hubungan antara paritas terhadap kejadian anemia di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah dan  untuk variabel jarak kehamilan memiliki nilai  P= 0,062 > α = 0,05  artinya tidak ada hubungan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian anemi di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah. Kesimpulan dari ketiga variabel usia ibu, paritas dan jarak kehamilan hanya variabel paritas yang mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian anemia di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar sehingga disarankan agar petugas kesehatan memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya memperhatikan jumlah kelahiran, usia dan Jarak kehamilan pada ibu untuk mengurangi angka kejadian anemia.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu, Dukungan Keluarga dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Terhadap Pemberian ASI Kolostrum Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar
Authors: Wulandari Ikrawanty Ayu , Rahmat MS Basuki
Published: February 2020

Berdasarkan  Data Sulawesi Selatan  hanya 30,1%. Sebagian besar proses menyusui dilakukan pada kisaran waktu 1- 6 jam setelah bayi lahir, namun masih ada 11,1 % yang dilakukan setelah 48 jam, Jumlah bayi yang diberi ASI eksklusif di Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2008 yaitu 57,48% dan tahun 2007 yaitu 57,05%. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan melalukan pendekatan croos sectional study untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan jumlah populasi 699 orang dan jumlah sampel 87 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling.  Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square (pearson chi-square) diperoleh untuk varaibel pengetahuan ibu nilai P = 0,408 > α = 0,05. diperoleh bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian ASI kolostrum di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar untuk variable dukungan keluarga nilai P = 0,036 < α = 0,05.ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan pemberian ASI kolostrum di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar. Untuk variabel P = 0,477 > α = 0,05. tidak ada hubungan antara peran tenaga kesehatan dengan pemberian ASI kolostrum di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar. Kesimpulan dari tiga variabel yaitu pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir di RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar hanya variabel dukungan keluarga sehingga perlu meningkatkan dukungan keluarga terhadap pemberian ASI kolostrum pada ibu dengan cara meningkatkan pengetahuan keluarga terhadap pentingnya pemberian kolestrum pada bayi baru lahir
Principios educativos percibidos en clases de computación de nivel medio en algunas instituciones educativas adventistas
Authors: Trisca Jorge
Published: February 2020

Debido a los profundos cambios educativos que acontecen en la actualidad y que incluyen la introducción de la computadora en la enseñanza, el presente estudio procuró indagar sobre las diferencias de percepción de principios educativos transmitidos en las clases de informática, entre las instituciones adventistas de educación media de la Argentina.

La muestra estuvo compuesta por 349 alumnos del nivel de EGB y Polimodal de cinco colegios. Se trabajó sobre la percepción de cuatros principios en la clase de informática: honestidad, cooperación, pensamiento propio y confianza propia.

Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las instituciones en los indicadores cooperación (F = 6.148; p = 0,000) y pensamiento propio (F = 6.174; p = 0,000). No hubo diferencias significativas para los indicadores honestidad y confianza propia. Se hallaron diferencias significativas por género a favor de las mujeres en honestidad y pensamiento propio.

La percepción que tienen los alumnos de los principios educativos en las clases de informática varían según la institución educativa a la que pertenecen.

Al parecer la percepción de principios no está condicionada por la edad ni por el tiempo de permanencia del alumno en la institución. El desempeño del maestro sería fundamental, sobre todo en los primeros años del nivel secundario, para que los alumnos puedan percibir los principios educativos
Evaluación formadora y transformadora: el examen formal en la educación universitaria cristiana
Authors: Paredes Aguirre Alfonso
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el examen formal y su importancia para la formación integral del estudiante, desde la perspectiva aportada por la filosofía de la educación cristiana. Partiendo de la toma de conciencia del propósito de la educación cristiana, se discuten las implicaciones de la elaboración de exámenes y se identifican algunas razones por las cuales los instrumentos de evaluación no suelen ser transmisores de valores. Se incluyen algunas ideas de estrategias conducentes al aprecio y la percepción de valores por parte de los alumnos, para concluir con una reflexión final prospectiva sobre los alcances de una evaluación basada en parámetros bíblicos.
¿Vino nuevo en odres viejos?
Authors: Avilés Alatriste Gener José
Published: February 2020

Obra reseñada:

Pozo, J. I y Monereo, C. (2002). El aprendizaje estratégico.

Madrid: Santillana.
Los criterios de clasificación de las organizaciones administrativas tradicionalmente aceptados
Authors: Lopez-Jurado Francisco
Published: February 2020

Las carencias de la sistematización normativa de las organizaciones administrativas hace necesario analizar los criterios que se recogen en la exposición del Derecho administrativo en España. Esos criterios han sido objeto de escasa atención crítica. Aquí se analizan: el territorio, el carácter instrumental, la dualidad institución/coporación, el encuadramiento en el poder ejecutivo y la personalidad jurídica. Las limitaciones o la completa inadecuación explicativa y prescriptiva de dichos criterios aconseja la elaboración de nuevas pautas clasificatorias.
La actuación administrativa a caballo de la división entre normación y simple ejecución y el caso de la planificación y el plan
Authors: Parejo Alfonso Luciano
Published: February 2020

Partiendo del análisis de la producción normativa y la aplicación como una de las dicotomías que estructuran nuestro Derecho y tras comprobar su persistencia inercial a pesar de las profundas transformaciones experimentadas por el Estado y su Derecho,  el trabajo postula la diferenciación entre aplicación y ejecución (administrativa) teniendo a la vista el desarrollo de formas de actuación del poder público administrativo de difícil encuadre en la clasificación bipartita norma-acto y sostiene la procedencia del reflejo de la singularidad de aquellas formas en el régimen común de invalidez de la actuación administrativa con apoyo en el caso testigo de la planificación.
The Impact of Government Infrastructure Spending on Economic Growth and Poverty in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Sahi Destin Fauzia , Arham Muhammad Amir , Santoso Ivan R
Published: February 2020

This research aims to analyse the impact of government infrastructure spending on economic growth and poverty in Gorontalo Province. This research uses datasets on government expenditure, economic growth, and poverty rate from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS), Directorate General of Fiscal Balances Ministry of Finance. This research uses panel data regression in 5 regencies during 2013-2017 in Gorontalo Province. The main results of this research show that (i) public works has negative and insignificant impact on economic growth; (ii) the public housing sector has a negative and not significant impact on economic growth; (iii) the transportation sector has a positive and insignificant impact on economic growth; (iv) the public works sector has a negative and not significant impact on poverty; (v) the public housing sector has a positive and insignificant impact on poverty; (vi) the transportation sector has a negative and not significant impact on poverty.

Keywords: Economic Growth; Poverty; Infrastructure; Government Spending.
Investing in Their Futures: Highly-motivated Students’ Perceptions of TEAP and University Entrance Exams
Authors: Nagatomo Diane , Allen David
Published: February 2020

This study investigates Japanese high school students’ attitudes toward English proficiency tests, specifically the Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) and university entrance examinations. Three rounds of interviews with five highly motivated learners at a prestigious high school were held over a period of 1.5 years. The interviews focused on their beliefs about English and their study methods; their impressions of and study methods for TEAP and other entrance exams; and their post-graduation plans. The interview data reveals students felt studying for TEAP provided an opportunity for authentic language study, which was in line with their high school study and would be useful for their futures. In contrast, they felt other entrance exams often focused on different skills and knowledge, making preparation for them both challenging and frustrating. These academically minded students found studying English merely for university entrance purposes to be demotivating, but a necessary evil to achieving their immediate goals.

本研究は、英語力を測定する試験、具体的には TEAP（英語運用能力測定試験）、及び大学入試に対する日本の高校生の考え方を調査している。1年半にわたって、著名な高校の学生で、かつ非常に学習意欲の高い5名の学習者を対象に3回インタビューを実施した。インタビューは、生徒の英語に対する信条、学習方法に焦点を置いた。また、TEAPに対する印象、TEAPのための勉強方法、その他の入試、卒業後の進路についてであった。インタビューデータは、TEAPのために学習することは、真の言語学習の機会となり、高校での学習からそれるものではないばかりか、将来においても有益であろうと感じていることを示した。対照的に、その他の入試は、しばしば異なるスキルや知識に焦点を置いていて、そのための準備は難しく、また挫折感を抱かせると感じていた。勉強熱心なこれらの生徒は、単に大学入試のための英語学習は動機の低下につながるものと感じている一方で、直近の目標を達成する必要悪であるとも考えていることが分かった。
Visual information is required to reduce the global effect
Authors: Arkesteijn Kiki , Donk Mieke , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Belopolsky Artem V.
Published: February 2020

When a distractor appears in close proximity to a saccade target, the saccadic end point is biased towards the distractor. This so-called global effect reduces with the latency of the saccade if the saccade is visually guided. We recently reported that the global effect does not reduce with the latency of a double-step memory-guided saccade. The aim of this study was to investigate why the global effect in memory-guided saccades does not show the typically observed reduction with saccadic latency. One possibility is that reduction of the global effect requires continuous access to visual information about target and distractor locations, which is lacking in the case of a memory-guided saccade. Alternatively, participants may be inclined to routinely preprogram a memory-guided saccade at the moment the visual information disappears, with the result that a memory-guided saccade is typically programmed on the basis of an earlier representation than necessary. To distinguish between these alternatives, two potential targets were presented, and participants were asked to make a saccade to one of them after a delay. In one condition, the target identity was precued, allowing preprogramming of the saccade, while in another condition, it was revealed by a retro cue after the delay. The global effect remained present in both conditions. Increasing visual exposure of target and distractor led to a reduction of the global effect, irrespective of whether participants could preprogram a saccade or not. The results suggest that continuous access to visual information is required in order to eliminate the global effect.
Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults—Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns
Authors: Grandy Thomas H. , Lindenberger Ulman , Schmiedek Florian
Published: February 2020

Imageability and emotionality ratings for 2592 German nouns (3–10 letters, one to three phonological syllables) were obtained from younger adults (21–31 years) and older adults (70–86 years). Valid ratings were obtained on average from 20 younger and 23 older adults per word for imageability, and from 18 younger and 19 older adults per word for emotionality. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and retest rank-order stability of the ratings were high for both age groups (α and r ≥ .97). Also, the validity of our ratings was found to be high, as compared to previously published ratings (r ≥ .86). The ratings showed substantial rank-order stability across younger and older adults (imageability, r = .94; emotionality, r = .85). At the same time, systematic differences between age groups were found in the mean levels of ratings (imageability, d = 0.38; emotionality, d = 0.20) and in the extent to which the rating scales were used (imageability, SD = 24 vs. 19, scale of 0 to 100; emotionality, SD = 26 vs. 31, scale of −100 to 100). At the descriptive level, our data hint at systematically different evaluations of semantic categories regarding imageability and emotionality across younger and older adults. Given that imageability and emotionality have been reported, for instance, as important determinants for the recognition and recall of words, our findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific information in age-comparative cognitive (neuroscience) experimental studies using word materials. The age-specific imageability and emotionality ratings for the 2592 German nouns can be found in the electronic supplementary material 1.
Synthesis and Properties of Tetrathiafulvalenes Bearing 6-Aryl-1,4-dithiafulvenes
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Kimura Hitoshi , Kagawa Kohei , Yoshioka Mayuka , Itou Toshiki , Vasu Dhananjayan , Shirahata Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Misaki Yohji
Published: February 2020

Novel multistage redox TTFs bearing 6-aryl-1,4-dithiafulvene moieties were synthesized by using the palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2, P
t
Bu3•HBF4, and excess amount of Cs2CO3, the C-H arylation of TTF with several aryl bromides bearing 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenes took place efficiently to produce the corresponding p-conjugation molecules. We also succeeded in estimation of the oxidation potentials and number of electrons involved in each oxidation step of the obtained compounds by the digital simulations.
Reaction of indoles with aromatic fluoromethyl ketones: An efficient synthesis of trifluoromethyl-indolyl-phenylethanols using K2CO3/nBu4PBr in water
Authors: Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Sedaghati Masoud , Schnakenburg Gregor
Published: February 2020

A new, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-indolyl-phenylethanols by the reaction of indoles with a variety of aromatic fluoromethyl ketones in the presence of K2CO3 (15 mol%) and nBu4PBr (15 mol%) in water. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields without requiring the column chromatography purification. The reusability of the catalytic system and large-scale synthesis of indolyl-phenylethanols, which would further transform into biological active indole-derived compounds, are further advantages of this protocol.
The Role of Pressure Anisotropy in Cosmic-Ray Hydrodynamics
Authors: Zweibel Ellen G.
Published: February 2020

The mean free path of cosmic rays in diffuse interstellar and intracluster gas is determined primarily by pitch angle scattering from hydromagnetic waves with wavelength of order the cosmic-ray gyroradius. In the theory of cosmic-ray self confinement, the waves are generated by instabilities driven by the cosmic rays themselves. The dominant instability is due to bulk motion, or streaming, of the cosmic rays, parallel to the background magnetic field

, and transfers cosmic-ray momentum and energy to the thermal gas as well as confining the cosmic rays. Classical arguments and recent numerical simulations show that self confinement due to the streaming instability breaks down unless the cosmic-ray pressure and thermal gas density gradients parallel to

are aligned, a condition that is unlikely to always be satisfied We investigate an alternative mechanism for cosmic-ray self confinement and heating of thermal gas based on pressure anisotropy instability. Although pressure anisotropy is demonstrably less effective than streaming instability as a self-confinement and heating mechanism on global scales, it may be important on mesoscales, particularly near sites of cosmic-ray injection.
Gauss–Bonnet Inflation after Planck2018
Authors: Rashidi Narges , Nozari Kourosh
Published: February 2020

We study the primordial perturbations and reheating process in the models where the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) term is nonminimally coupled to the canonical and noncanonical (DBI and tachyon) scalar fields. We consider several potentials and GB coupling terms as power-law, dilaton-like, cosh-type, E-model, and T-model. To seek the observational viability of these models, we study the scalar perturbations numerically and compare the results with the Planck2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE+lensing+BK14+BAO joint data at 68% CL and 95% CL. We also study the tensor perturbations in confrontation with the Planck2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE+lensing+BK14+BAO+ LIGO, and Virgo2016 joint data at 68% CL and 95% CL. In this regard, we obtain some constraints on the GB coupling parameter β. Another important process in the early universe is the reheating phase after inflation, which is necessary to reheat the universe for subsequent evolution. In this regard, we study the reheating process in these models and find some expressions for the e-folds number and temperature during that era. Considering that from Planck TT, TE, EE+lowEB+lensing data and BICEP2/Keck Array 2014, based on the ΛCDM

model, we have n

s
 = 0.9658 ± 0.0038 and r < 0.072, we obtain some constraints on the e-folds number and temperature. From the values of the e-folds number and the effective equation of state and also the observationally viable value of the scalar spectral index, we explore the capability of the models in explaining the reheating phase.
On the Wind-driven Relaxation Cycle in Accretion Disks
Authors: Ganguly Shalini , Proga Daniel
Published: February 2020

A disk wind can cause perturbations that propagate throughout the disk via diffusive processes. On reaching the inner disk, these perturbations can change the disk luminosity, which in turn, can change the wind mass loss rate,

. It has been argued that this so-called “wind-driven relaxation cycle” might explain the observed variability in some disk accreting objects. Here, we study the response of the innermost mass accretion rate

to the loss of matter at different rates and radii. We allow the wind launching radius, R

L
, to scale with

. We computed a grid of time-dependent models for various

–

and R

L
–

dependencies. We find that the disk behavior significantly differs for the “variable R

L
” case compared to the “fixed R

L
” case. In particular, much stronger winds are required to destabilize the disk in the former than the latter case. However, the

amplitude does not grow significantly even for unstable cases because the oscillations saturate at a low level either due to disk depletion or due to the wind being launched at very small radii, or both. This result implies that disk winds are unlikely to be responsible for state transitions as those require large changes in the inner disk. Despite modest changes at the inner disk regions, the disk surface density at large radii can vary with a large amplitude, i.e., from 0 to a few factors of the steady state value. This dramatic variation of the outer disk could have observable consequences.