bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analysis of 3D mixed lubrication in marine cam–tappet pair
Authors: Hua Deliang , Shi Xiujiang , Sun Wen , Lu Xiqun
Published: March 2024

During the operation of the marine cam–tappet pair, affected by periodic dynamic load, transient velocity, and micromorphology, it usually operates in a mixed lubrication state. Under extreme operational conditions, contact is likely to occur at the asperity of the interface, leading to problems such as stress concentration and dry contact. Considering the transient dynamics and three-dimensional roughness of cam–tappet pair, a mixed-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is developed in this article, while the effects of surface waviness on the lubrication state are also investigated. The results show that the film thickness can be increased by 0.098 μm, and the coefficient of friction can be reduced by 10.6% when the wavelength ratio ranges from 1/6 to 6. However, when the amplitude exceeds 0.6 μm, the coefficient of friction may reach 0.10. Under conditions of low speed and high load, the film thickness decreases and contact load ratio increases. And about 30% reduction in film thickness is achieved on cam–tappet pair, potentially leading to increased wear or scuffing failure.
Biracial Faces Offer Visual Cues of Successful Intergroup Contact: Genetic Admixture and Coalition Detection
Authors: Wang XT (XiaoTian) , Miller Geoffrey
Published: March 2024

This research explores how biracial facial cues affect racial perception and social judgment. We tested a coalition-signaling hypothesis of biracial cues in two studies conducted in the United States ( n = 227) and China ( n = 116). From the perspective of intergroup and interpersonal relations theories in social psychology, biracial features would likely be perceived as cues of threat or resource competition. In contrast, we propose an evolutionary hypothesis that biracial facial cues reveal the ancestral history of intergroup alliances between members of two races or ethnic groups. When racial cues are mixed, we predict that biracial individuals may be viewed more positively than other-race or even own-race members who often compete for limited ingroup resources. The participants observed facial images that ranged from 100% Asian to 100% Caucasian, including morphed biracial composites of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% Caucasian or Asian. The participants evaluated each image regarding perceived Caucasianness (Asianness), attractiveness, trustworthiness, health, intelligence, and career prospects. The US and Chinese samples yielded a similar pattern of own-race bias in racial perception and biracial favoritism in social judgment. The social judgment ratings were not correlated with the racial perception scores and were independent of the sex of the participants or biracial images, indicating a coalitional motive, instead of a mating motive, underlying social perception of biracial individuals. Overall, the results suggest that biracial facial features signal a successful genetic admixture and coalition in parental generations and thus increase the trustworthiness and cooperative potential of a biracial person.
Early detection of steel tube welded joint failure using SPC-I nonlinear ultrasonic technique
Authors: Park SeHyuk , Bokhari Imraan , Alnuaimi Hamad , Amjad Umar , Fleischman Robert , Kundu Tribikram
Published: March 2024

Welding is a commonly used method for joining two or more parts together in steel construction. Various defects in weld regions such as cracks, pores, and slag inclusion can be present from the beginning, generated during the welding process, or can be developed while in service. Such defects are the weak spots that degrade the structure’s quality and can lead to structural failures. Therefore, early detection of these defects in welded joints, before visible cracks appear, is very important. Using appropriate ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques, one can detect these defects and take remedial actions to prevent catastrophic structural failures. Guided acoustic wave-based techniques have been proven to be effective for damage detection in steel pipes and rods. Several studies have previously attempted to detect damage in steel tubes using guided ultrasonic waves. Unlike earlier attempts which mostly focused on conventional linear ultrasonic techniques, a relatively new nonlinear ultrasonic technique called sideband peak count-index (SPC-I) is carried out in this research. For this investigation, cast steel components and round hollow structural sections are welded together, and a four-point bending test is conducted under fatigue loading. The welded joints are continuously monitored in real time using strain gages and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers. The PZT transducers are used to generate and receive guided acoustic waves. The signal is propagated through the specimen in a single-sided transmission mode setup. The strain gage readings and the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, the SPC-I values, are monitored simultaneously. The results obtained from the nonlinear ultrasonic NDT&E measurements are compared with the data obtained from the strain gages to determine the robustness and reliability of the SPC-I technique for monitoring welded joints. This investigation also shows the potential effectiveness of the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter SPC-I for early detection of weld failure.
Engaging Parents in Child-Focused Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Strategies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Russell Douglas Hugh , Trew Sebastian , Harris Lottie , Dickson Jessica , Walsh Kerryann , Higgins Daryl John , Smith Rhiannon
Published: March 2024

Parents are their children’s first teachers and there are long-standing calls for their involvement in child sexual abuse prevention. In this rapid systematic review, we asked the following questions: what rationales are used to justify parental involvement in child-focused child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs? what approaches are used for parental engagement in child-focused CSA prevention programs? and what are the facilitators and barriers to parental involvement in child-focused CSA prevention programs? We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, ERIC, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and SocINDEX in May 2021. A total of 57 papers met our inclusion criteria, comprised of 50 empirical studies, and 7 program descriptions. Rationales for parental involvement included monitoring and shaping parental attitudes toward CSA program delivery in schools; reinforcing children’s learning at home; promoting parent–child communication about CSA prevention; building parent capacity to respond to child disclosures; and supporting program delivery for preschoolers. Types of parental involvement included the following: communication, learning at home, volunteering, decision-making, and collaboration with the community. Barriers to parent involvement included ineffective program engagement modalities, and parental fears and misconceptions.
ACL Injury Prevention Education Improves Implementation of Neuromuscular Training Among High School Sports Coaches: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Janosky Joseph J. , Russomano James , Duscha Connor , Henderson Alexandra , Archer Alexandra , Kinderknecht James J. , Marx Robert G.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Neuromuscular training (NMT) programs delivered by trained personnel have demonstrated protective effects against anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury among high school sports participants, but few studies have investigated the impact of education on high school sports coaches’ knowledge and incorporation of NMT programs into daily practice sessions.

Purpose:

We sought to evaluate changes in knowledge and behavior among high school sports coaches who completed an NMT-based injury prevention training program.

Methods:

High school sports coaches were invited to complete a free online training course in incorporating NMT into daily practice sessions. Anonymized surveys were administered before and after education and at 3 months to evaluate knowledge level and program effectiveness.

Results:

Of the 13,640 coaches who enrolled in the training course in 2019, 1641 submitted pre- and post-education and 3-month follow-up surveys. Prior to training, 4.4% reported incorporating NMT into daily training sessions and the mean knowledge score was 1.89 ± 1.55. After training, 92.7% of participants reported that they intended to incorporate NMT into their daily training sessions and the mean knowledge score was 4.87 ± 1.11. At 3-month follow-up, 88.9% of participants reported incorporating NMT into daily training sessions. A chi-square test revealed a significant association between pre- and post-education incorporation of NMT into daily practice sessions, and a multiple regression analysis resulted in a significant model with intent to incorporate NMT into daily practice sessions identified as a significant behavior predictor.

Conclusion:

These survey results show that completion of a training course significantly improved ACL injury prevention knowledge among a cohort of high school sports coaches and likely contributed to the sustained incorporation of NMT into their daily practice sessions.
Explant of an infected, endo-trashed IVC filter in an immunosuppressed patient with chronically occluded iliocaval stents
Authors: Alexander Alice , Smith Andrew H , Krantz Matthew , Simon Robert , Caputo Francis J , Quatromoni Jon G
Published: March 2024

Background

In the absence of a contiguous bowel perforation or intraabdominal source, infection of a retained vena cava filter in an occluded IVC has never been described.

Objective

To describe a case of an infected IVC filter in a chronically occluded iliocaval segment.

Methods

Here we present a case of an immunosuppressed 35-year-old female with chronically occluded iliocaval stents and an extensive staphylococcus hominis infection of a previously endo-trashed Bard Eclipse® filter. Particular attention is paid to supportive imaging in establishing the diagnosis and technical aspects of successful device explant and retroperitoneal debridement.

Results

At 6 months postoperatively, the patient was doing well without evidence of recurrent infection. Her lower extremity edema was controlled with compression alone.

Conclusions

The main objective of this operation was source control with debridement of the infection and removal of the filter and as much of the iliac vein as safely possible. Superinfection of a previously placed iliocaval stents and inferior vena cava filter remains a concern in patients with retroperitoneal infection and chronic iliocaval occlusion. Operative explant and debridement can be safely performed in patients with favorable cardiopulmonary risk.
Hospital quality of life for children: development of a new measurement tool for hospitalised children
Authors: Demirbağ Selin , Ergin Dilek
Published: March 2024

Background:

Hospitalisation affects children’s quality of life (QoL) regardless of illness, treatment and care.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to create an instrument for evaluating QoL of hospitalised children aged 7 to 18 years.

Methods:

Initially, 46 items for the preliminary Hospital Quality of Life for Children Scale (HQL-children) were developed through a combination of literature reviews and individual interviews. The study was conducted with 230 participants from a general paediatric ward of a hospital. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the construct, convergent and discriminant validities of the measure. Criterion validity was assessed by confirming split-half reliability, whereas reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results:

The HQL-child scale consists of 17 items and the total variance is 51.14%. The scale is categorised into five sub-dimensions: illness, fear, activity, hospital and perception. The scale demonstrated construct, convergent and divergent validity, discriminant and split-half reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.75.

Conclusions:

The scale is a promising instrument to determine children’s perception by capturing their experiences on hospitalisation. Assessing the QoL in hospitalised children is crucial for enhancing patient satisfaction and facilitating the development of health policies based on patient self-reporting in Turkey.
Cross-cultural validation of the Portuguese version of the Dialysis Symptom Index for haemodialysis patients
Authors: Barros João Pedro , Fonseca João Almeida , Pinto Rui , Pratas Jorge , Correia Ricardo João Cruz
Published: March 2024

Background:

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are associated with low quality of life (QoL) and high disease-related symptoms. The patient self-report instruments can assess the burden of physical and psychological symptoms. The Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI) is a specific instrument to evaluate the multidimensional reported symptoms by patients undergoing HD.

Aims:

To translate, validate and assess the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the DSI.

Methods:

A cross-cultural adaptation process from English to Portuguese and a validation study ( n = 156) were conducted. Reliability, validity and responsiveness were assessed.

Results:

The patients’ most reported symptoms were, nausea ( n = 86, 55%), muscle cramps ( n = 92, 59%), feeling tired or lack of energy ( n = 92, 59%), bone or joint pain ( n = 88, 56%) and trouble staying asleep ( n = 95, 60%). Cronbach’s alpha of the DSI was 0.87, and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.868 (95%CI 0.836–0.896). The smallest detectable change was 28.32.

Conclusion:

The Portuguese DSI demonstrates excellent psychometric properties for assessing HD patients’ reported symptoms. It highlights symptom severity and impact, providing valuable insights for healthcare practitioners. Nurses can use the DSI to tailor interventions and enhance patient-centred care.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Difficult Intravenous Access Scale for adult patients
Authors: Taşkın Oğuzhan , Günay İsmailoğlu Elif
Published: March 2024

Background:

Difficult intravenous access is a condition that decreases the first-attempt success rate of intravenous catheterisation. It is important to evaluate patients with difficult vascular access using a standardised scale. This study was carried out to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the ‘Adult Difficult Intravenous Access Scale’.

Methods:

The methodological descriptive study was carried out in the Adult Emergency Department. The research sample consisted of 100 patients over 18 years of age, who were conscious, whose condition was not critical or who did not require resuscitation. ‘Case Report Form’ and ‘Adult Difficult Intravenous Access Scale’ were used.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 57.54 ± 19.44 years, and 55% ( n = 55) were female and 77% ( n = 77) had a chronic disease. The factor loads of the scale items are between 0.366 and 0.852. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.708.

Conclusions:

The Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable scale for determining the risk of difficult intravenous access. The practical use of this scale by healthcare professionals will enable earlier diagnosis of patients with difficult vascular access.
A bibliometric performance analysis of publication productivity within pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy continuum: Outcomes of SciVal analytics
Authors: Kavashev Zulyar
Published: March 2024

The pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy (PAH) continuum have been widely endorsed within higher education and online learning over the years. Thus, the evaluation of research productivity has become relevant due to the emerging development of the PAH continuum as a theoretical framework. This paper aims to explore the research productivity within the PAH continuum by performing a bibliometric performance analysis. An iterative search strategy was performed to identify PAH authors and then investigate their research productivity over a 5-year period (2017–2022) using the SciVal analytics instrument by Elsevier. Drawing upon the results from multiple bibliometric analyses, the study explores publication productivity specifically in relation to the PAH continuum. This study revealed that distance education, learning, teaching, professional development, and lifelong learning have been the most prominent research areas within the PAH continuum. Within that, related topics were identified, including online learning, mobile learning, e-learning, and educational technology.
Development of pedagogical competences for future primary school teachers through distance learning
Authors: Otynshina Galiya , Dusembinova Raifa , Odintsova Svetlana , Aidarbekova Kulzhan , Shaushekova Bayan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work is to identify effective means of distance learning, aimed at the formation of pedagogical competence among students-teachers. Achievement of the set goal is possible only by applying a number of special methods and approaches, among which dialectical and functional, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis, pedagogical observation, comparison, classification. The article produced a number of important results, including both theoretical and practical bases of the study. The practical value of the article lies in the fact that it can be used both in the form of teaching and methodical material in the process of training future teachers, and on an arbitrary basis by already working educational workers to improve their skills. In subsequent scientific developments it is necessary to determine the evolution of the development of distance-learning means of training teachers, in order to identify their main shortcomings and thus overcome.
Pedagogical conditions for instilling national values to younger schoolchildren in the digital age
Authors: Tleuberlinova Elmira , Mukhametzhanova Aigul , Beisenbayeva Aigul , Odintsova Svetlana , Aidarbekova Kulzhan
Published: March 2024

The relevance of this study is determined by the necessity of developing of different types of identity, including national, in modern primary school students, which is impossible without the acceptance of certain values pertinent to a certain people. The purpose of this study is to determine the pedagogical conditions necessary for the development of an axiological system among younger schoolchildren that carries the values of the national environment. During this study, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, incomplete deduction, incomplete statistical observation, conversations and interviews, as well as a descriptive method were used. The conducted research has shown that several diverse factors influence the successful inculcation of national-patriotic values to younger schoolchildren in conditions of widespread digitalisation, and to create the necessary pedagogical conditions for the development of a national-specific axiological system in primary school children, teachers should consider many factors. In particular, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of teaching staff skills required for the competent application of modern information technologies. Ignoring this aspect of professional development of teaching staff can lead to an aggravation of miscommunication between generations and substantially complicate the inculcation of value orientations to younger generations. The results obtained in this study can be useful in organising educational work with elementary school students. Understanding and considering the specific features of the development of national values in children of primary school age will optimise both the background conditions of the pedagogical environment and conscious educational activities aimed at forming a national-specific value picture of the world in younger schoolchildren.
Quest for Equitable Education in Phases: Insights From an NGO in China
Authors: Pan (潘江雪) Shirley , Wang (王博) Bo
Published: March 2024

Highlights

Among the East Asian nations, a recurring predicament faced by educational institutions is that of providing inclusive but high-quality education. Active involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in education is valuable in China. Adream was such an NGO on education in China, established in 2008 with a singular and noble objective: promotion of equitable access to quality education within the disadvantaged regions of China. The trajectory of Adream's endeavor to secure equitable access to quality education in rural China stands as a compelling exemplar of the transformative potential that NGOs wield within the realm of education.
Comorbidity Between Internalizing Symptoms and Disordered Eating Is Primarily Driven by Genetic Influences on Emotion Regulation in Adult Female Twins
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael C. , Keel Pamela K. , Katzman Debra K. , Klump Kelly L.
Published: March 2024

Internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) and disordered eating (DE; e.g., binge eating, dietary restraint) are highly comorbid, but the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. This was the first twin study to examine whether their co-occurrence may be driven by genetic and/or environmental influences on emotion regulation (ER; ability to modulate duration/intensity of emotions). Analyses included 688 adult female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Cholesky decomposition twin models showed that comorbidity between dimensionally modeled internalizing and DE was due to overlapping genetic ( r = .55; 69.3% of shared variance) and nonshared environmental influences ( r = .26; 30.7% of shared variance). When ER was added into the model, all genetic influences shared between internalizing and DE were attributable to ER, suggesting genetic influences on ER are the primary driver of comorbidity between internalizing and DE. Shared genes may shape affective processing, interoceptive sensitivity, or other brain-based processes (e.g., cognitive control) implicated in ER.
Rural Suicide: A Systematic Review and Recommendations
Authors: Pritchard Tyler R. , Buckle Jennifer L. , Thomassin Kristel , Lewis Stephen P.
Published: March 2024

Suicide is a public-health concern that has been linked to multiple biological, psychological, and social risk factors. Rural living is purported to be a unique risk for suicide for myriad reasons. Yet there are some concerns with rural suicidology, notably regarding defining and operationalizing “rural.” Furthermore, the last comprehensive review of rural suicide is approximately 10 years old. With this in mind, in the current review, we offer (a) a comprehensive and updated overview of the operationalization and variability of rural in rural suicidology and (b) a summary of differences in direct and indirect suicide factors between rural and nonrural regions and whether potential differences depend on how rural is operationalized. Results indicate a high degree of heterogeneity in defining rural, rendering conclusions about both direct and indirect rural suicide risks unclear. We therefore present a set of recommendations for rural suicidologists to apply to enhance the understanding of suicide and, ultimately, prevent death by suicide in rural regions.
In Vivo 3-Dimensional Dynamic Evaluation of Shoulder Kinematics After the Latarjet Procedure: Comparison With the Contralateral Healthy Shoulder
Authors: Park Jisu , Kim Doo Sup , Huh Hyungkyu , Cho Won Gil , Kim HyunWoo , Lee Dong-Woo
Published: March 2024

Background:

Researchers have attempted to understand the underlying mechanism of the Latarjet procedure; however, its effects on shoulder kinematics have not been well studied.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to analyze shoulder kinematics after the Latarjet procedure. It was hypothesized that the nonanatomic transfer of the coracoid process during the procedure would affect normal shoulder kinematics.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The study included 10 patients (age range, 20-52 years) who underwent the modified Latarjet procedure between June 2016 and November 2021. Computed tomography and fluoroscopy were conducted on both shoulder joints of all patients, and 3-dimensional models were reconstructed. The 3-dimensional coordinates were encoded on the reconstructed models, and shoulder kinematics were analyzed through a 3-dimensional–2-dimensional model-image registration technique. Scapular rotation parameters (scapular upward rotation, posterior tilt, external rotation, and scapulohumeral rhythm) were compared between the Latarjet and the nonsurgical contralateral sides during humeral abduction, as was anteroposterior (AP) translation relative to the glenoid center during active humeral external rotation.

Results:

The Latarjet side displayed significantly higher values of scapular upward rotation at higher degrees of humeral elevation (130°, 140°, and 150°) compared with the nonsurgical side ( P = .027). Posterior tilt, external rotation, and scapulohumeral rhythm were not significantly different between sides. AP translation at maximal humeral rotation was not significantly different between sides (Latarjet, −0.06 ± 5.73 mm vs nonsurgical, 5.33 ± 1.60 mm; P = .28). Interestingly, on the Latarjet side, AP translation increased until 40° of humeral rotation (4.27 ± 4.64 mm) but began to decrease from 50° of humeral rotation.

Conclusion:

The Latarjet side demonstrated significant changes in scapular upward rotation during higher degrees of humeral elevation compared with the contralateral shoulder. Posterior movement of the humeral head at >50° of humeral rotation could be the desired effect of anterior stabilization; however, researchers should evaluate long-term complications such as osteoarthritis.

Clinical Relevance:

Analysis of shoulder kinematics after the Latarjet procedure could provide information regarding long-term outcomes and whether the procedure would affect the daily activities of patients.
Patient Experiences With Telehealth During Versus After a System-Wide Telehealth Mandate During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hyman Nicholas , Hamaker Maya , Lodaria Komal , Jackson Hannah B , Chen Kevin , Sewell Taylor B
Published: March 2024

This study examines whether patients’ telehealth experiences differed during a health system mandate for telehealth encounters due to the COVID-19 pandemic versus after the mandate was relaxed. Patient experience surveys from telehealth visits across 17 adult (age 18+) primary care sites at a large, urban public health system were analyzed during two periods: when a mandate was active (March 1, 2020-June 30, 2020) and when the mandate was relaxed and any appointment modality was available (July 1, 2020-November 30, 2021). Primary outcomes were odds ratios (ORs) comparing top-box percentages of survey responses at multiple levels: individual questions, four domains, and all questions together as a composite. Key findings: Patients had higher odds of selecting top-box answers in the elective telehealth period for the Care Provider (1.09 [95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.16]) and General Assessment (1.13 [1.02, 1.24]) domains and the survey composite (1.08 [1.04, 1.13]), but there was no difference for individual questions. Women reported more positive experiences during the elective telehealth period in the Access (1.22 [1.01, 1.47]), Care Provider (1.32 [1.17, 1.50]), and Telemedicine Technology (1.24 [1.04, 1.50]) domains. Our findings suggest that patients had better telehealth experiences when mandates were relaxed.
“There was No Opportunity to Express Good or Bad”: Perspectives From Patient Focus Groups on Patient Experience in Clinical Trials
Authors: Boyd Patrick , Sternke Elizabeth A , Tite David J , Morgan Kristopher
Published: March 2024

To understand how patients perceive their experiences leading up to, during, and after a clinical trial, and the relationship these experiences had with future willingness to participate, we conducted 3 focus groups with patients who had prior clinical trial involvement (n  =  25). Discussion topics included clinical trial discovery, enrollment, communication, trust, patient-centricity, and future enrollment. Patient focus groups revealed a variety of motivations for enrolling in clinical trials (eg, altruism, efficacious treatment, curiosity, desperation, etc.). Patients learned about clinical trials through trusted sources (eg, primary care physicians, patient advocacy groups) and social media. Access and uncertainty about clinical trials were barriers to enrollment. Patient-centric communication and attention given to disease states and symptom severity were valued and made patients feel genuinely cared about. Post-trial follow up and being informed of trial results were inconsistently reported by patients. Critically, patients described frustration with an overall lack of patient experience measurement. Patients identified a need to measure experiences before, during, and after clinical trials and emphasized that doing so would facilitate patient trust and overall experience.
Can ChatGPT-3.5 Pass a Medical Exam? A Systematic Review of ChatGPT's Performance in Academic Testing
Authors: Sumbal Anusha , Sumbal Ramish , Amir Alina
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

We, therefore, aim to conduct a systematic review to assess the academic potential of ChatGPT-3.5, along with its strengths and limitations when giving medical exams.

METHOD

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systemic search of the literature was performed using electronic databases PUBMED/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Articles from their inception till April 4, 2023, were queried. A formal narrative analysis was conducted by systematically arranging similarities and differences between individual findings together.

RESULTS

After rigorous screening, 12 articles underwent this review. All the selected papers assessed the academic performance of ChatGPT-3.5. One study compared the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 with the performance of ChatGPT-4 when giving a medical exam. Overall, ChatGPT performed well in 4 tests, averaged in 4 tests, and performed badly in 4 tests. ChatGPT's performance was directly proportional to the level of the questions’ difficulty but was unremarkable on whether the questions were binary, descriptive, or MCQ-based. ChatGPT's explanation, reasoning, memory, and accuracy were remarkably good, whereas it failed to understand image-based questions, and lacked insight and critical thinking.

CONCLUSION

ChatGPT-3.5 performed satisfactorily in the exams it took as an examinee. However, there is a need for future related studies to fully explore the potential of ChatGPT in medical education.
“I feel a bit more of a conduit now”: Sign language interpreters coping and adapting during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: De Meulder Maartje , Sijm Nienke
Published: March 2024

This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sign language interpreting profession drawing on data from a fourth and final survey conducted in June 2021 as part of a series of online “living surveys” during the pandemic. The survey, featuring 331 respondents, highlights significant changes in the occupational conditions and practices of sign language interpreters due to the sudden shift towards remote video-mediated interpreting. The findings reveal a range of challenges faced by interpreters, including the complexities of audience design, lack of backchanneling from deaf consumers, the need for heightened self-monitoring, nuanced conversation management, and team work. Moreover, the study highlights the physical and mental health concerns that have emerged among interpreters as a result of the shift in working conditions, and a need for interpreters to acquire new skills such as coping with the multimodal nature of online interpreting. While the blend of remote, hybrid, and on-site work has introduced certain advantages, it also poses new challenges encompassing workload management, online etiquette, and occupational health concerns. The survey’s findings underscore the resilience and adaptability of SLIs in navigating the shift to remote interpreting, suggesting a lasting transformation in the profession with implications for future practice, training, and research in the post-pandemic era.
In emergency hypertension, could biomarkers change the guidelines?
Authors: Tahlawi Mohammad El , Ismail Scopus Mohamed , Eldamanhory Ahmed , Khorshed Ayman , Salem Salem M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Hypertension may cause target organ damage (TOD). Target blood pressure (BP) management may not be appropriate in some conditions.

Aim

We aim to assess the impact of targeted BP management in severe hypertension on renal TOD.

Patients & methods

This is a prospective cohort study involving patients admitted due to severe hypertension (BP > 180/120) associated with any symptoms. The study involved patients referred to the ICU in our tertiary center during the period between August 2017 and February 2018. All patients underwent target BP treatment according to recent guidelines. Hs-Troponin T (hs-TNT) and serum creatinine (s.creat) were measured in all patients on admission and 24 h later. Patients were divided into Group A (with initial normal hs-TNT) and Group B (with initial high hs-TNT). The main outcome was in-hospital renal-related morbidity (including renal failure).

Results

Four hundred seventy consecutive patients with hypertensive crises were involved in the study. Group B had a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (4 patients) and renal TOD (acute renal dysfunction) than Group A (P value = 0.001 and 0.000 respectively). There was a significant difference between initial s.creat on admission and follow-up s.creat values in Group B with significant elevation of their s.creat on the following 24 h (P = 0.002), while this difference is insignificant in Group A (P = 0.34). There was a significant positive correlation between hs-TNT and the follow-up s.creat (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

In severe HTN, hs-TNT may be elevated due to marked afterload. Patients with severe HTN and high hs-TNT have higher s.creat values, which are associated with an increased risk of renal failure and in-hospital mortality if their BP decreases acutely to the guideline-target BP. Using biomarkers during the management of emergency HTN should be considered before following clinical guidelines. However, our findings do underscore the potential utility of hs-TNT as an indicator for risk stratification in patients with severe or emergency HTN.
Co-designing adult weight management services: a qualitative study exploring barriers, facilitators, and considerations for future commissioning
Authors: Langford Rebecca , Brockman Rowan , Banks Jonathan , Jago Russell , Gillison Fiona , Coulman Karen , Moore Theresa , Nobles James
Published: March 2024

Background

Weight management services have not always benefitted everyone equally. People who live in more deprived areas, racially minoritised communities, those with complex additional needs (e.g., a physical or mental disability), and men are less likely to take part in weight management services. This can subsequently widen health inequalities. One way to counter this is to co-design services with under-served groups to better meet their needs. Using a case study approach, we explored how co-designed adult weight management services were developed, the barriers and facilitators to co-design, and the implications for future commissioning.

Methods

We selected four case studies of adult weight management services in Southwest England where co-design had been planned, representing a range of populations and settings. In each case, we recruited commissioners and providers of the services, and where possible, community members involved in co-design activities. Interviews were conducted online, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

We interviewed 18 participants (8 female; 10 male): seven commissioners, eight providers, and three community members involved in co-designing the services. The case studies used a range of co-design activities (planned and actualised), from light-touch to more in-depth approaches. In two case studies, co-design activities were planned but were not fully implemented due to organisational time or funding constraints. Co-design was viewed positively by participants as a way of creating more appropriate services and better engagement, thus potentially leading to reduced inequalities. Building relationships– with communities, individual community members, and with partner organisations– was critical for successful co-design and took time and effort. Short-term and unpredictable funding often hindered co-design efforts and could damage relationships with communities. Some commissioners raised concerns over the limited evidence for co-design, while others described having to embrace “a different way of thinking” when commissioning for co-design.

Conclusions

Co-design is an increasingly popular approach to designing health in services but can be difficult to achieve within traditional funding and commissioning practices. Drawing on our case studies, we present key considerations for those wanting to co-design health services, noting the importance of building strong relationships, creating supportive organisational cultures, and developing the evidence base.
Global and regional estimates of tuberculosis burden attributed to high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2019: emphasis on earlier glycemic control
Authors: Bian Qin , Zhang Yanjun , Xue Chen , Lu Wenjing , Li Wei , Pan Fanqi , Li Yi
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown subjects suffering from diabetes or persistent hyperglycemia were more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB). However, the global burden of TB attributed to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the global, regional, and national TB burden attributed to HFPG from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

With Global Burden of Disease study 2019, the numbers and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates (ASDR) of TB attributed to HFPG at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019 were extracted. The locally weighted regression model was applied to estimate the TB burden for different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions.

Results

Globally, the ASMR and ASDR attributed to HFPG were 2.70 (95% UI, 1.64–3.94) and 79.70 (95% UI, 50.26–112.51) per 100,000 population in 1990, respectively. These rates decreased to 1.46 (95% UI, 0.91–2.08) and 45.53 (95% UI, 29.06–62.29) in 2019. The TB burden attributed to HFPG remained high in low SDI and Central Sub-Saharan Africa regions, while it declined with most significantly in high SDI and East Asia regions. Additionally, the ASMR and ASDR of TB attributed to HFPG were significantly higher in the male and the elderly population.

Conclusions

The global TB burden attributable to HFPG decreased from 1990 to 2019, but remained high in low SDI regions among high-risk populations. Thus, urgent efforts are required to enhance the awareness of early glycemic control and TB treatment to alleviate the severe situation.
The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support
Authors: Yuan Ye , Wu Daili , Chen Zhongnong , Chen Daile , Zhou Qiang , Jeong Jaesik , Tu Yanling
Published: March 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-consciousness on depression of college students, and mainly focus on confirming the mediator role of life meaningful and self-efficacy, as well as the moderator role of social support.

Methods

In the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, 583 college students were recruited from Harbin city and Wenzhou city in China. All students were assessed using self-assessment scales, including self-consciousness scale, life meaningful scale, self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and self-rating depression scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted by SPSS 25.0 and M-plus.

Results

Results showed that self-consciousness was negatively related to depression, life meaningful and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between self-consciousness and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between self-efficacy and depression were moderated bu social support. Compare with college students who had high social support, depression in those with low social support was more susceptible to the effect of self-efficacy.

Conclusion

These findings imply that college students with low levels of self-consciousness are more easy to be depressive, enhancing their sense of life meaning and self-efficacy can effectively alleviate depression, and college student with high social support can benefit more from self-efficacy. Therefore we should pay more attention to the mental health problems of low levels self-consciousness college students in university.
“For me, it is for longevity and making sure I am fit and around for my children”: exploring motivations and barriers for weight management among minoritised communities in Medway, England
Authors: Teke Jennifer , Bolarinwa Obasanjo A. , Nnyanzi Lawrence A. , Giles Emma L. , Ells Louisa , Elliott Scott , Okeke Sylvesters R. , Okeke-Obayemi Deborah O.
Published: March 2024

Background

Migration-related changes in dietary patterns and other structural and individual factors affect weight-related health practices of individuals migrating from low-and-middle-income to high-income countries. Thus, individuals of ethnically diverse backgrounds may be disproportionately affected by poorer health outcomes, including weight-related health issues. Understanding how this community could be supported to adopt weight-related healthy practices such as optimum dietary and exercise behaviour is an important issue for public health research. Against this backdrop, we explored structural and individual factors that facilitate and constrain the uptake of weight management services among members of minority ethnic communities in Medway, England.

Methods

Data were collected from audio-recorded interviews with 12 adult community members from minoritised ethnic communities using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants were recruited through a purposive and convenient sampling technique. Generated data were transcribed, coded into NVivo and analysed using the reflexive thematic analytical technique.

Results

Results showed that social support and health benefits of weight management were the main motivating factors for weight management among the study participants. Conversely, systemic barriers, family commitment and caring responsibilities, changes in dietary patterns post-migration and cultural norms were major factors constraining participants from adopting weight management behaviours.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that structural and person-level factors serve as both facilitators and barriers to weight management among ethnically diverse communities in Medway, England. While our study is exploratory and opens doors for more studies among the population, we conclude that these minoritised communities could benefit from more equitable, tailored weight management programmes to support them in adopting weight-related practices.
Personal resources for addressing the work demands of Ukrainian oncologists in stressful crisis situations
Authors: Böckelmann I , Zavgorodnii I , Litovchenko O , Kapustnyk V , Krasnoselskyi M , Thielmann Beatrice
Published: March 2024

Background

Many work-related stresses are experienced by oncologists. Ukraine is currently undergoing numerous crises, including the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and military conflicts, which represent stressful situations. The aim of this study was to explore the personal resources that Ukrainian oncologists use to cope with work demands in a situation featuring manifold crises. This study identified the ways in which people deal with stressful situations and the roles that they play in shaping the challenging situations that they encounter (work-related behavior) as well as how they cope with stress (stress management).

Methods

Forty oncologists (18 men and 22 women) working in a clinic in Kharkiv (Ukraine) with an average age of 46.3 ± 13.37 years (ranging from 26 to 74 years) participated in this study. The occupational psychological survey consisted of the Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (German: Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, AVEM) questionnaire, which was developed by Schaarschmidt and Fischer, and the Differential Stress Inventory (DSI), which was developed by Léfevre and Kubinger.

Results

65% of oncologists exhibited AVEM risk pattern A or B. No gender differences were observed with regard to the distribution of AVEM patterns. Women obtained significantly higher scores than did men on only one dimension: experience of social support (4.86 vs. 3.44; p = 0.045). When the DSI categories were differentiated by gender, no significant differences were observed. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a medium-sized correlation between perfection striving and palliative coping (ρ = 0.404).

Conclusions

Few gender-based differences in work-related behaviors, experiences, and stress management strategies are evident among oncologists. AVEM risk patterns are more prevalent among Ukrainian oncologists than among comparable occupational groups, and interventions in the context of health management are recommended.
Women’s experiences with breast cancer during diagnosis and therapy, Wolaita, Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Kedida Beimnet Desalegn , Mukacho Mihiretu Mohammed , Alemayehu Mihiretu , Samuiel Serawit , Kussa Sintayehu , Sisay Yordanos , Markos Desta , Mimani Worku
Published: March 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the most frequent cancer worldwide. After being diagnosed with breast cancer, women experience unexpected and stressful events. In Ethiopia, specifically in the study area, the experiences of women with breast cancer, the challenges they face during treatment and follow-up have not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective

This qualitative study explores the experiences of women diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing therapy at a University-based hospital in Ethiopia.

Methods

A qualitative research design was used, to explore the experiences of women diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing therapy. A purposively selected sample of ten women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and were receiving therapy was recruited. Recruitment was conducted from August 1 to September 30, 2022. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on their experiences. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis approach was employed utilizing open coding. The coded data were then analysed to reveal important insights and understandings about the participants’ experiences with breast cancer during the diagnosis and therapy journey.

Result

The thematic analysis of the data revealed four prominent themes: women’s mixed emotions, characterized by a sense of high threat and hope upon receiving breast cancer diagnosis results; dealing with the changes, both physical and psychological, that the cancer and its treatment bring about in women’s bodies and emotional well-being; dealing with the challenges associated with accessing therapy, including unfavourable hospital conditions and financial hardship; and experiencing care and supports from health care providers, family and friends, and faith-based communities.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of providing comprehensive support and care for women with breast cancer. Enhancing the hospital environment, addressing resource shortages, and prioritising patient well-being are crucial steps towards improving the experiences of breast cancer patients in the study area.