bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding Limits of Laser-Ablation U-Pb Calcite Geochronology
Authors: Kylander-Clark Andrew R. C.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. U-Pb geochronology of calcite by laser-ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICMPS) is an emerging field with potential to solve a vast array of geologic problems. Because of low levels of U and Pb, measurement by more sensitive instruments, such as those with multiple collectors (MC), is advantageous. However, whereas measurement of traditional geochronometers (e.g., zircon) by MC-ICPMS has been limited by detection of the daughter isotope, U-Pb dating of calcite can be limited by detection of the parent isotope, if measured on a Faraday detector. The Nu P3D MC-ICPMS employs a new detector array to measure all isotopes of interest on Daly detectors. A new method, described herein, utilizes the low detection limit and high dynamic range of the Nu P3D for calcite U-Pb geochronology, and compares it with traditional methods. A model is created to explore the limits of U, Pb, and U/Pb ratios that can be measured by LA-ICPMS and can serve as a guide to evaluate potential candidate materials for geochronology.
Assessing the simulated soil thermal regime from Noah-MPLSM v1.1 for near-surface permafrost modeling on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Xiangfei , Wu Tonghua , Wu Xiaodong , Zhu Xiaofan , Hu Guojie , Li Ren , Qiao Yongping , Yang Cheng , Hao Junming , Ni Jie , Ma Wensi
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are effective tools for near-surface permafrost modeling. Extensive and rigorous model inter-comparison is of great importance before application due to the uncertainties in current LSMs. This study designed an ensemble of 6912 experiments to evaluate the Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization (Noah-MP) for soil temperature (ST) simulation, and investigate the sensitivity of parameterization schemes at a typical permafrost site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that Noah-MP generally underestimates ST, especially that during the cold season. In addition, the simulation uncertainty is greater in the cold season (October-April) and for the deep soil layers. ST is most sensitive to surface layer drag coefficient (SFC) while largely influenced by runoff and groundwater (RUN). By contrast, the influence of canopy stomatal resistance (CRS) and soil moisture factor for stomatal resistance (BTR) on ST is negligible. With limited impacts on ST simulation, vegetation model (VEG), canopy gap for radiation transfer (RAD) and snow/soil temperature time scheme (STC) are more influential on shallow ST, while super-cooled liquid water (FRZ), frozen soil permeability (INF) and lower boundary of soil temperature (TBOT) have greater impacts on deep ST. Furthermore, an optimal configuration of Noah-MP for permafrost modeling were extracted based on the connectivity between schemes, and they are: table leaf area index with calculated vegetation fraction, Jarvis scheme for CRS, Noah scheme for BTR, BATS model for RUN, Chen97 for SFC, zero canopy gap for RAD, variant freezing-point depression for FRZ, hydraulic parameters defined by soil moisture for INF, ST at 8 m for TBOT, and semi-implicit method for STC. The analysis of the model structural uncertainties and characteristics of each scheme would be constructive to a better understanding of the land surface processes on the QTP and further model improvements towards near-surface permafrost modeling using the LSMs.
ATTRICI 1.0 – counterfactual climate for impact attribution
Authors: Mengel Matthias , Treu Simon , Lange Stefan , Frieler Katja
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Climate has changed over the past century due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In parallel, societies and their environment have evolved rapidly. To identify the impacts of historical climate change on human or natural systems, it is therefore necessary to separate the effect of different drivers. By definition this is done by comparing the observed situation to a counterfactual one in which climate change is absent and other drivers change according to observations. As such a counterfactual baseline cannot be observed it has to be estimated by process-based or empirical models. We here present ATTRICI (ATTRIbuting Climate Impacts), an approach to remove the signal of global warming from observational climate data to generate forcing data for the simulation of a counterfactual baseline of impact indicators. Our method identifies the interannual and annual cycle shifts that are correlated to global mean temperature change. We use quantile mapping to a baseline distribution that removes the global mean temperature related shifts to find counterfactual values for the observed daily climate data. Applied to each variable of two climate datasets, we produce two counterfactual datasets that are made available through the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) along with the original datasets. Our method preserves the internal variability of the observed data in the sense that observed (factual) and counterfactual data for a given day remain in the same quantile in their respective statistical distribution. That makes it possible to compare observed impact events and counterfactual impact events. Our approach adjusts for the long-term trends associated with global warming but does not address the attribution of climate change to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Optical detection of magnetic resonance
Authors: Suter Dieter
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The combination of magnetic resonance with laser spectroscopy provides some interesting options
for increasing the sensitivity and information content of magnetic resonance.
This review covers the basic physics behind the relevant processes, such as angular momentum conservation during absorption and emission.
This can be used to enhance the polarization of the spin system by orders of magnitude compared to thermal polarization as well as for detection with sensitivities down to the level of individual spins.
These fundamental principles have been used in many different fields.
This review summarizes some of the examples in different physical systems, including atomic and molecular systems, dielectric solids composed of rare earth, and transition metal ions and semiconductors.1
Present and future changes in winter climate indices relevant for access disruptions in Troms, northern Norway
Authors: Dyrrdal Anita Verpe , Isaksen Ketil , Jacobsen Jens Kristian Steen , Nilsen Irene Brox
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A number of seaside communities in Troms, northern
Norway, are vulnerable to sudden weather-induced access disruptions due to
high-impact weather and dependency on one or few roads. In this paper we
study changes in winter weather known to potentially cause access
disruptions in Troms, for the present climate (1958–2017) and two future
periods (2041–2070; 2071–2100). We focus on climate indices associated
with snow avalanches and weather that may lead to for example slippery road conditions. In two focus areas, the most important results show larger snow
amounts now compared to 50 years ago, and heavy snowfall has become more
intense and frequent. This trend is expected to turn in the future,
particularly at low elevations where snow cover during winter might become a rarity by 2100. Strong snow drift, due to a combination of snowfall and wind speed, has slightly increased in the two focus areas, but a strong decrease is expected in the future due to less snow. Events of heavy rain during winter are rather infrequent in the present winter climate of Troms, but we show that these events are likely to occur much more often in all regions in the future.
Gravity modeling of the Alpine lithosphere affected by magmatism based on seismic tomography
Authors: Tadiello Davide , Braitenberg Carla
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Southern Alpine regions have been affected by several magmatic and volcanic events between the Paleozoic and the Tertiary. This activity has undoubtedly had an important effect on the density distribution and structural setting at lithosphere scale. Here the gravity field is used to create a 3D lithosphere density model on the base of a high-resolution seismic tomography model. The results of the gravity modelling demonstrate a highly complex density distribution in good agreement with the different geological domains of the Alpine area represented by the European plate, the Adriatic plate and the Tyrrhenian basin. The Adriatic derived terrains (Southalpine and Austrolpine) of the Alps are typically denser (2850 kg m−3), whilst the Alpine zone composed by European terrains provenance (Helvetic and Tauern window) presents lower density values (2750 kg m−3). Inside the Southalpine, south of the Dolomites, a well-known positive gravity anomaly is present and one of the aims of this work is to investigate the source of this anomaly that has not yet been explained. The modelled density suggests that the anomaly is related to two different sources, the first involves the middle-crust below the gravity anomaly and is represented by localized mushroom-shaped bodies interpreted as a magmatic intrusion, while a second wider density anomaly affects the lower crust of the Southern Alpine realm and could correspond to a mafic and ultramafic magmatic underplating (gabbros and related cumulates) developed during Paleozoic extension.
Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the Western Black Sea
Authors: Bosworth William , Tari Gábor
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Folds associated with inverted extensional faults are important exploration targets in many basins across our planet. A common cause for failure to trap hydrocarbons in inversion structures is crestal breaching or erosion of top seal. The likelihood of failure increases as the intensity of inversion grows. Inversion also decreases the amount of overburden, which can adversely affect maturation of source rocks within the underlying syn-extensional stratigraphic section. However, many rift basins are multi-phase in origin, and in some cases the various syn-rift and post-rift events are separated by multiple phases of compression. When an inversion event is followed by a later phase of extension and subsidence, new top seals can be deposited and hydrocarbon maturation enhanced or reinitiated. These more complex rift histories can result in intra-basinal folds that have higher chances of success than single-phase inversion-related targets. In other basins, repeated inversion events can occur without significant intervening extension. This can also produce more complicated hydrocarbon maturation histories and trap geometries. Multiple phases of rifting and inversion affected numerous basins in North Africa and the Black Sea region and produced some structures that are now prolific hydrocarbon producing fields, and others that failed. Understanding a basin’s sequence of extensional and contractional events and the resulting complex interactions is essential to formulating successful exploration strategies in these settings.
Telehealth and Physical Therapy Clinical Decision Making in a Patient with a Falcine Meningioma
Authors: Boggs Ryan , Frappa Nicholas , Ross Michael , Tall Michael
Published: June 2020

Telehealth utilizes information technologies and communication networks to deliver healthcare and education with lower costs and improved access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare services.  This report describes the application of telehealth for medical screening, clinical decision making, and medical referral in a physical therapy practice. The patient described was a 50-year old man who contacted his physical therapist via telephone for a chief complaint of worsening left sided numbness and tingling that began insidiously 2 days prior.  Further questioning revealed that the patient also complained of left ankle weakness, and slight unsteadiness with walking. He had not been feeling well and had been experiencing increasing bouts of unexplained fatigue over the previous two months that were now interfering with his work and recreational activities. The patient was evaluated by his physician the next day.  Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a large (4 cm) falcine meningioma in the right parietal region.  The patient was immediately referred to a neurosurgeon and underwent a craniotomy and tumor resection ten days later and subsequent gamma knife radiosurgery of the residual tumor bed two months after craniotomy and tumor resection.  Follow-up imaging one year later revealed no evidence of recurrence or residual tumor.  This patient case underscores the importance of recognizing signs and symptoms of serious disease, and how referral following telehealth via telephone can inform diagnosis.
Digital Health Rehabilitation Can Improve Access to Care in Spinal Cord Injury in the UK: A Proposed Solution
Authors: Soopramanien Anbananden , Jamwal Shiva , Thomas Peter W.
Published: June 2020

Lack of specialist beds, inadequate finance and shortage of skilled staff make it difficult for Spinal Cord Injury Centres (SCICs) in the United Kingdom (UK) to admit all newly injured individuals. Length of stay of those admitted can be too brief. At discharge, follow-up care is sparse and inadequate. We therefore propose that specialist spinal units redefine their roles and act as catalysts to build capacity by enhancing expertise in the wider community. SCICs can devolve certain tasks locally to less specialised units with their support, training, and guidance. This Commentary further proposes that use of Digital Health Technologies, (i.e., to deploy telemedicine, telehealth, and telerehabilitation), can enhance rehabilitation opportunities. The authors set-forth their vision for a comprehensive web portal that will serve as a primary resource for evidence-based practice, information on guidelines, care pathways, and protocols of SCI management. At any stage during the acute management of SCI and following discharge, rehabilitation specialists could conduct remote consultation with persons with SCI and acute care specialists via the web portal, allowing timely access to specialist input and better clinical outcomes. The proposed portal would also provide information, advice and support to persons with SCI and their family members. The strategic use of digital health technologies has been shown to result in cost and time savings and increase positive outcomes.
Business Networks Associated with Sustainability of SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Rulangaranga Donatus Mugisha , Vilard Ndi Isoh Alain , Basemera Mellan
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out with an intention of establishing association between business networks and sustainability of SMEs in Uganda. A total of 384 SMEs were sampled for this purpose. From each SME, one respondent was considered. This respondent was either the owner or the manager. Survey method with specific focus on the use of closed ended questionnaire was employed in the study. Based on the factor analysis conducted on the data collected, three important components of business networks were established namely; quality of suppliers, operations of business associations and SACCOs as well as existence of loyal customers. To test the association, correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that all components of business networks had significant association with SME sustainability in Uganda. Out of the three, quality of suppliers had the highest degree of association while operations of business associations and SACCOs had the lowest association. The same trend was reflected in the results from regression analysis with the exception of operations of business associations and SACCOs which did not have significant influence onto SME sustainability. Based on these results, it was concluded that quality of suppliers and existence of loyal customers had significant influence onto SME sustainability in Uganda. It was recommended that SMEs in Uganda need to focus on quality of suppliers as well as loyal customers in order to realize sustainability. These two types of business networks are therefore crucial to the sustainability of SMEs in Uganda. Though they did not have significant influence, business associations and SACCOs need not be ignored considering that they too had a significant association with SME sustainability.
Measuring Moroccan English Department University Students’ (Meta) Cognitive Awareness and Usage of Reading Strategies
Authors: Msaddek Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Grounded in an exploratory research design, the current study is centrally aimed at gauging the Moroccan English department learners’ awareness and use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies (RSs). It seeks to determine the extent to which EFL learners are (meta) cognitively conscious of the use of text-based strategies. To put a bright spotlight on this issue and disclose EFL learners’ dynamic potential pertaining to metacognitive strategy knowledge, a sample of sixty-three (63) EFL learners majoring in English Studies (first-semester) were targeted. The obtained data were gathered by means of the retrospective questionnaire (RQ) and the reading comprehension texts (e.g., narrative, expository). The overall findings manifestly show that Moroccan EFL learners’ (meta) cognitive strategy awareness and usage are characterized by insufficiency. Thus, a range of implied suggestions related to the EFL learners’ reading strategy consciousness and use in academic textual reading are put forward and some encountered research limitations are stated.
Older people’s preferences for self-involvement in decision-making if faced with serious illness
Authors: Jorge Rafaela , Calanzani Natália , Freitas Adelaide , Nunes Rui , Sousa Liliana
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES: To examine older people’s preferences for self-involvement in end-of-life care decision-making in scenarios of mental capacity (competency) and incapacity, and to identify associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 400 individuals aged 60+ years living in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. RESULTS: Among 400 respondents, 95.3% preferred self-involvement when capable (due to the high percentage, associated factors were not calculated) and 64.5% preferred self-involvement when incapable through, for example, a living will. Considering that participants could choose multiple answers, the most frequent combinations in the capacity scenario were “yourself” and “other relatives” (76.8%) and “yourself” and “the doctor” (67.8%). In the incapacity scenario, the most frequent combinations were “yourself” and “other relatives” (usually their children and, less often, their grandchildren) (59.3%) and “yourself” and “the doctor” (48.5%). Three factors were associated with a preference for self-involvement in an incapacity scenario. Those who were married or had a partner (widowed; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19–0.68) and those who were male (female; AOR = 0.62; 95%CI 0.38–1.00) were less likely to prefer self-involvement. Those who were younger, as in age bands 60-69 years (80+; AOR = 2.35; 95%CI 1.20–4.58) and 70–79 years (80+; AOR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.21–4.94), were more likely to prefer self-involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants preferred self-involvement in both scenarios of capacity and incapacity. Preference for self-involvement was higher in the scenario of capacity, while preference for the involvement of other relatives (usually their children) was greater in the scenario of incapacity.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Linguistics Research, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Su Camille
Published: June 2020

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaAyman Daif-Allah, Qassim University, EgyptFadi Maher Al-Khasawneh, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaHülya Tuncer, Çukurova University, TurkeyKatherine Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USANaom Nyarigoti, United States International University-Africa, KenyaOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher Institute of Human Sciences Jendouba, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail 1: elr@sciedupress.com  E-mail 2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com
The Relationships Between Managerial Overconfidence, Audit Committee, CEO Duality and Audit Quality and Accounting Misstatements
Authors: Azhari Nadiah Amirah Nor , Hasnan Suhaily , Sanusi Zuraidah Mohd
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the relationships between managerial overconfidence, financial distress, audit committee, CEO duality and audit quality and the occurrence of material accounting misstatements by Malaysian listed companies. Managerial overconfidence and financial distress are viewed as motives for accounting misstatements in this study. Audit committee characteristics, i.e., independence and expertise of its members, CEO duality and audit quality are viewed as the ‘loopholes’ in corporate governance mechanisms that provide opportunities for proprietors to issue accounting misstatements. The sample for this study consists of 237 Malaysian listed companies, which includes data from misstated company reports with its respective matched data of non-misstated company reports. The results of this study show that financial distress and CEO duality are significantly related to the occurrence of accounting misstatements. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on how to mitigate accounting misstatements, especially with the inclusion of the managerial overconfidence variable, which is a new addition to the research on accounting misstatements in Malaysia.
Comparison of Misconceptions about Human Digestive System of Turkish, Albanian and Bosnian 12th Grade High School Students
Authors: Çuçin Arzu , Özgür Sami , Güngör Cabbar Burcu
Published: June 2020

Information that is different from scientific knowledge, consistent and resistant to change, can be expressed as misconceptions. Misconceptions are one of the critical factors that prevent students from understanding in Biology education. This study was conducted in Kosovo with high school 12th-grade students of three different ethnic origins. It is aimed to determine the misconceptions that students have about “Digestive System in Human” comparatively. The study was carried out with 150 12th grade students in Kosovo in the 2016/2017 academic year. The research was carried out with qualitative research techniques as a data collection tool consisting of student drawings and explanations, and true/false items used. A descriptive analysis made. The findings showed that the students had many misconceptions about the human digestive system. Some Turkish students have drawn the digestive system with the kidney and intestine compared to other ethnic groups. Albanian and Bosnian students generally draw the digestive system after the stomach for separate solids for liquids. This misconception may be related to the concept of image (prima de perception) (Bachelard, 1938). Also, cultural misconceptions stemming from language encountered. Bosnian students use the concept of "boiling" instead of "digestion".
Post-stroke Aphasia as a Prognostic Factor for Cognitive and Functional Changes in Patients With Stroke: Ischemic Versus Hemorrhagic
Authors: Seo Kyung Cheon , Ko Joo Young , Kim Tae Uk , Lee Seong Jae , Hyun Jung Keun , Kim Seo Young
Published: June 2020

Objective To investigate the comprehensive outcomes in aphasic patients, including their cognitive and functional status after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. It also aimed to clarify whether aphasia is a prognostic factor for cognitive and functional improvements in stroke patients.Methods Sixty-seven ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke patients in the subacute stage who had been diagnosed with aphasia using the Korean version of Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) were included in the study. Forty-six stroke patients without aphasia were used as controls. All patients were examined with the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery (K-WAB). Cognitive and functional assessments of the patients including the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) were performed during admission and 4 weeks after the initial assessments.Results The initial and follow-up total K-MMSE and K-MBI scores were significantly lower in aphasic patients than in non-aphasic controls. The K-WAB scores highly correlated with the total K-MMSE scores at the follow-up stage in all aphasic stroke patients. The K-WAB scores moderately correlated with the follow-up scores of the K-MBI in ischemic stroke patients but not in hemorrhagic stroke patients.Conclusion Aphasia influences the cognitive and functional status of stroke patients and has a greater impact on cognitive improvement. Aphasia severity can be one of the prognostic factors for cognitive status in aphasic patients with stroke.
Changes in the Trend in Bladder Emptying Methods in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A 20-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Oh Sang-Wook , Jung Joo Hwan , Cho In Kyoung , Lee Hye Jin , Kwon Seung Hyun , Lee Bum Suk
Published: June 2020

Objective To review trends in bladder emptying methods over a 20-year period in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) by severity according to the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS).Methods Medical records of patients with SCI from 1994 to 1998 (group 1) and from 2012 to 2016 (group 2) were retrospectively reviewed. We classified bladder emptying methods according to the International Spinal Cord dataset. We grouped patients with normal voiding, bladder reflex triggering, and bladder expression as those using voiding without catheter.Results A total of 667 patients were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients using voiding without catheter and intermittent catheterization decreased from 67.0% to 30.0% and increased from 26.8% to 54.8%, respectively. In patients with AIS-A and AIS-B, the proportion of patients with intermittent catheterization increased from 32.8% to 73.3%. In patients with AIS-D, the proportion of patients using voiding without catheter and intermittent catheterization decreased from 88.5% to 68.9% and increased from 11.5% to 26.8%, respectively. In group 2, among 111 patients with AIS-D using voiding without catheter at admission, 8 (7.2%) switched to intermittent catheterization at discharge due to decreased bladder volume, increased post-voiding residual urine, or incontinence.Conclusion Over the past 20 years, trends in bladder emptying methods in patients with SCI changed from voiding without catheter to intermittent catheterization in Korea. This was especially prominent in patients with AIS-A, AIS-B, and AIS-C. Even in patients with AIS-D, the use of intermittent catheterization at hospital discharge increased.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 7
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: June 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 7, 2020
Some issues related to concept of the Constitution and security of Civilization
Authors: Myagmarsuren Amarbayar
Published: June 2020

The state of affairs concerning religion in Mongolia has recently become a controversial subject due to the need to clarify the constitutional and state policy on religion, which was being interpreted in different ways by scholars. I the researcher concluded my thoughts on how the constitution of Mongolia stipulated “religion”, whether the main principle such as “The State shall respect religion and religion shall honor the State” is referring to all religions, and clarified the constitutional concept of state and religion in the constitution. Religion is not merely a matter of religious human right, it is also essential matter in terms of national security and national integration. Furthermore, I the researcher tried to define the scope of religion in broad concept of “Civilization” and how it is regulated by the law of national security.

Үндсэн хуулийн үзэл санаа ба соёл иргэншлийн аюулгүй байдалд хамаарах зарим асуудал

Хураангуй: Үндсэн хуулиар баталсан, төрөөс шашны талаар баримтлах бодлогыг эрдэмтэн судлаачид зөрүүтэй тайлбарлаж, ойлгомжгүй байдал үүсгэсэн тул үүнийг тодорхой болгох шаардлага тулгарч байна. Сүүлийн үед Монгол Улсад шашны нөхцөл байдлын талаарх асуудал хурцаар хөндөгдөх болжээ. Монгол Улсын Үндсэн хуулиар “шашны” асуудлыг хэрхэн зохицуулсан, Үндсэн хуульд заасан “Монгол Улсад төр нь шашнаа хүндэтгэж, шашин нь төрөө дээдэлнэ” гэсэн зарчим нь бүх шашныг илэрхийлж байгаа эсэхэд дүгнэлт өгөх, Үндсэн хуулиар төрөөс, шашны талаар баримтлах Үндсэн хуулийн үзэл санааг тодорхой болгох тал дээр судлаач байр сууриа илэрхийллээ. Шашны асуудал бол дан ганц шашин шүтэх хүний эрхтэй холбогддогүй, улс орны нэгдмэл, аюулгүй байдлын асуудал давхар хөндөгдөж байдаг харилцаа юм. Үүнээс уламжлан “Иргэншил” хэмээх олон талт өргөн ойлголтод шашны хамаарах хүрээг тогтоож Монголчуудын соёл иргэншлийн аюулгүй байдал, Үндэсний аюулгүй байдлын тухай хууль, үзэл баримтлалаар хэрхэн зохицуулсан талаар хөндөн гаргахыг оролдлоо.

Түлхүүр үгc: Үндсэн хууль, Үндсэн хуулийн үзэл баримтлал, бүрэн эрхт байдал, Төрөөс шашны талаар баримтлах бодлого, Үндэсний аюулгүй байдал, соёл иргэншил, төрийн үүрэг.
El papel de las gramáticas de referencia en la escuela: Entrevista con Anna Camps, investigadora en didáctica de la gramática y la escritura, y Maria Josep Cuenca, lingüista
Authors: Troncoso Marcos Antonio
Published: June 2020

Anna Camps es catedrática jubilada de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Ha sido fundadora y coordinadora del grupo de investigación GREAL (Grup de Recerca sobre Ensenyament i Aprenentatge de Llengües, el Grupo de Investigación en Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de Lenguas). Ha liderado proyectos de investigación innovadores en España sobre la ense-ñanza de la composición escrita, la actividad meta-lingüística de los alumnos y la enseñanza de la gra-mática. Maria Josep Cuenca es doctora en filología catalana y catedrática en la Universitat de València. Su campo de estudio es la sintaxis, el análisis del discurso y la lingüística aplicada a la enseñanza de lenguas y la traducción. Ha publicado trabajos sobre conectores, interjecciones, marcadores del discurso y demostra-tivos, además de temas más generales como la sinta-xis catalana, la gramática del texto o la gramaticali-zación.
Effect of plate configuration on resistance in mandibular angle fractures
Authors: Polat Mehmet Emrah , Ghahramanzadeh Asl Hojjat , Yanık Saim
Published: June 2020

Aim:  This in-vitro experimental study compared the biomechanical behaviors of three single-miniplate osteosynthesis configurations used in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures.

Methodology: Twenty-one synthetic polyurethane hemimandible replicas including the medullar and cortical portions were used in this study. The replicas were divided randomly into three groups (n = 5/group). Data from the three groups were compared using analysis of variance and the Tamhane T2 test. P values < 0.05 were considered to indicate significance. The replicas in all groups were fixed with 7-mm-long self-tapping screws and 2.0-mm four-hole miniplates in three different configurations external oblique, lateral angulus superior and lateral angulus inferior configuration.

Results: The replicas were tested on a servohydraulic apparatus, and the data were transmitted to a computer for analysis of peak displacement and peak force. Peak load and peak displacement did no differ significantly among the three groups..

Conclusion: This experimental study showed that the torsional forces resulting from the fixation of miniplates for the treatment of mandibular angle fracture did not differ among the three configurations tested.

 

How to cite this article: Polat ME, Ghahramanzadeh asl H, Yanık S. Effect of plate configuration on resistance in mandibular angle fractures. Int Dent Res 2020;10(1):6-11. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no1.2

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Quantitative Analysis of the Anatomy of Mesial Roots of Mandibular First Molars with Vertucci Type I Root Canal Configuration by Means of Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Keleş Ali , Keskin Cangül
Published: June 2020

Aim:  This study aimed to evaluate root canal morphology of Vertucci type I root canal configuration detected in mesial roots of mandibular first molar teeth using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT).

Methodology: Micro-CT datasets of 269 specimens were evaluated for the detection of specimens with Vertucci type I root canal configuration for further analysis. Major and minor diameter, area, perimeter and roundness of root canal cross-sections at the beginning and midline of each root thirds were measured and recorded. The presence of apical delta, accessory canals, and deviation of major apical foramen from anatomical apex were investigated. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, ANOVA-Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis H-Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results: Vertucci type I canal configuration was present in the 4.46% of the specimens. The specimens often showed accessory root canals (50%) and apical deltas (41,6%). From the visual analysis of the 3D and 2D images, significant differences were detected among coronal, middle and apical thirds of the specimens regarding major and minor diameter, area, perimeter and roundness (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Three- and two-dimensional analyses of mesial roots with Vertucci type I canal configuration indicated that this type of configuration presents large buccolingual diameters with long oval shape and has isthmus at coronal and middle thirds. At the apical third the root canals often terminate in an oval cross sectional shape.

 

How to cite this article: Keles A, Keskin C. Quantitative analysis of the anatomy of mesial roots of mandibular first molars with Vertucci type I root canal configuration by means of micro-computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2020;10(1):17-21. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no1.4

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Revealing the Core Transcriptome Modulating Plant Growth Phase in Arabidopsis thaliana by RNA Sequencing and Coexpression Analysis of the fhy3 far1 Mutant
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Zhao Guoqiang , Wu Shuang , Hua Wei , Zhang Ting , Ruan Roger , Cheng Yanling
Published: June 2020

Plants must continually calibrate their growth in response to the environment throughout their whole life cycle. Revealing the regularity of plant early growth and development is of great significance to plant genetic modification. It was previously demonstrated that loss of two key light signaling transcription factors, FHY3 andFAR1, can cause a stunted stature in the plant adult stage, and numerous defense response genes can be continuously activated. In this study, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis of the early 4 weeks of leaf samples from wild plants and their fhy3 and far1 transcription factors. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we found that during the early 4 weeks of plant growth, plants primarily promoted morphogenesis by organizing their microtubules in the second week. In the third week, plants began to trigger large- scale defense responses to resist various external stresses. In the fourth week, increased photosynthetic efficiency promoted rapid biomass accumulation. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of FHY3 and FAR1 revealed that the two light signaling transcription factors may be originally involved in the regulation of genes during embryonic development, and in the later growth stage, they might regulate gene expression of some defense-related genes to balance plant growth and immunity. Remarkably, our yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that FAR1 interacts with the immune signaling factor EDS1. Taken together, this study demonstrates the major biological processes occurring during the early 4 weeks of plant growth. The light signaling transcription factors, FHY3 and FAR1, may integrate light signals with immune signals to widely regulate plant growth by directly interacting with EDS1.
Selected methods of conservative treatment in painful hallux valgus therapy
Authors: Wódka Katarzyna , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka , Smoła Eliza , Bibro Marta
Published: June 2020

Hallux valgus is one of the most common deformities within forefoot region. Reasons for this
deformity are not entirely clear. The available literature lists both internal and external factors.
Researchers dealing with hallux valgus emphasize that this deformation is accompanied by pain,
reduced quality of life, changed foot statics, cosmetic problems and problems with buying the
right footwear. The occurrence of pain may significantly affect the quality of everyday functioning
and the broadly understood quality of life. The purpose of the following publication is to review selected interactions in the area of physiotherapy and orthopedic measures in the therapy of people reporting pain within the hallux valgus region.
Ancient Greek medicine during Hellenistic age
and the Roman Empire
Authors: Supady Jerzy
Published: June 2020

In the Hellenistic Age and during the Roman Empire the greatest influence on the development medicine was exerted by two philosophers: Plato and Aristotle. Their views demonstrated by individual approaches of physicians and medical trends of empiricists, scepticists, dogmatists, methodologists and others. Beginning from the 1st century BC the overwhelming activity of
Greek medicine practitioners was transferred to Rome where the most outstanding physicians such as Archagatos, Asclepiades, Temison, Soranos, Athenois, Archigenes and others appeared. In 46 BC all free foreigners practising in Rome were granted citizenship. In the first centuries of the Roman Empire medical practitioner were exempted from tax obligation and released from
the performance of public service duties.
Właściwości indywidualne matki a więź z dzieckiem w ciążach zdrowych, z wadami wrodzonymi i innymi zagrożeniami
Authors: Kucharska Marta
Published: June 2020

Celem badań była analiza wartości predykcyjnej indywidualnych właściwości kobiety, takich jak: wiek, styl przywiązania, samoocena i poziom lęku, dla jej więzi z dzieckiem prenatalnym w różnych sytuacjach zagrożenia ciąży. Badaniem objęto kobiety w drugim i trzecim trymestrze ciąż zdrowych oraz wysokiego ryzyka: ze zdiagnozowaną wadą rozwojową płodu lub innymi powikłaniami i zagrożeniami położniczymi. W badaniu zastosowano kwestionariusz wywiadu, Kwestionariusz „Więź z dzieckiem w okresie ciąży”, Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązaniowych KSP, Skalę Samooceny SES oraz Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku STAI. Analiza regresji wykazała, że wiek matki jest znaczący dla jej więzi z dzieckiem, gdy zdiagnozowano u niego wadę wrodzoną. Nasilenie relacji matka–dziecko oraz jej komponentów w ciążach z innymi zagrożeniami istotnie wiąże się z samooceną matki oraz jest stylem przywiązania. Natomiast w ciążach zdrowych styl bezpieczny ma związek z nasileniem wybranych aspektów więzi prenatalnej. Poziom nasilenia lęku cechy i stanu okazał się nieistotny dla badanej więzi. Wraz z wiekiem kobiecie coraz trudniej jest akceptować autonomię dziecka ze zdiagnozowaną wadą wrodzoną. Niska samoocena matki oraz jej pozabezpieczny styl przywiązania mogą być niekorzystne dla tworzenia więzi z dzieckiem w sytuacji, gdy zagrożenie ciąży wynika np. z jej stanu zdrowia. Bezpieczny styl przywiązania matki pozwala przewidywać większe nasilenie różnych aspektów więzi prenatalnej, gdy ciąża nie jest zagrożona.
Miłość na szkolnym korytarzu – charakterystyka romantycznych związków adolescentów z perspektywy nauczycieli i uczniów
Authors: Kaczuba Adrianna , Zwardoń-Kuchciak Olga
Published: June 2020

Realizowane badanie koncentrowało się na rozpoznaniu, jak uczniowie i nauczyciele postrzegają związki romantyczne tworzone przez adolescentów. Do tego celu opracowano narzędzie oparte na założeniach dyferencjału semantycznego Osgooda, składające się z 11 wymiarów. W badaniu udział wzięło 135 osób – 74 uczniów i 61 nauczycieli. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zarówno uczniowie, jak i nauczyciele oceniają związki romantyczne młodzieży raczej pozytywnie, a ich postrzeganie jest zbliżone. Dla czterech spośród jedenastu wymiarów odnotowano jednak różnice statystycznie istotne. Najbardziej rozbieżne były oceny dotyczące trwałości związków adolescentów.
Reproductive toxicity assessment of Olusosun municipal landfill leachate in Mus musculus using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays
Authors: Ademola Olaoluwa J. , Alimba Chibuisi G. , Bakare Adekunle A.
Published: June 2020

Mixture of xenobiotics in Olusosun landfill leachates (OSL) induced somatic and germ cell genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. However, whether the DNA-damaged germ cells can increase reproductive failure, embryotoxicity and/or teratogenicity during fertilization remained unclear. The study herein investigated reproductive toxicity and embryotoxic effects of OSL in mice using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays. Six mice per group were exposed to 0.5 mL of 5, 10, 25, and 50% OSL (v/v, leachate/distilled water) for 5 consecutive days. Similar treatment was giving to distilled water and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg body weight), as negative and positive control groups, respectively. At 35 day post-treatment, the mice were sacrificed and examined for cauda epididymal abnormal sperm morphology, testicular weight change and histopathological lesions. Male mice were mated to untreated nulliparous females (1 treated male per 2 untreated females) until vaginal plugs were observed. Pregnant females were sacrificed on 14th day post-mating and uterine content examined for number of implants per female, resorptions, and live and dead fetuses. OSL significantly increased teratozoospermia by 31.02% with amorphous sperm head having the highest frequency and sperm with two heads, the least. Histology of the testes revealed congestion of the interstitial blood vessels, spermatid retention and disorganization of the germinal epithelium from the basal compartment. OSL insignificantly increased absolute and relative testes weights but reduced body weight of exposed mice. There was insignificant induction of dominant lethal mutation, although low fertility was observed in the treated mice. The analyzed physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals/metalloids in OSL were higher than permissible limits. The metals, physico-chemical parameters and other unanalyzed substances in OSL induced abnormal sperm morphology, altered testes pathology, but did not significantly induce dominant lethal mutation in mice. Constituents of OSL are toxic to the male reproductive organs in mice and suggests harmful impact on public health. Indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes in the environment should be prevented.
A Review of the Current Treatment of Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Seideman Mary F. , Seideman Travis A.
Published: June 2020

Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that presents before age 18 years and involves motor and phonic tics that may present with a wide range of severity. The severity and presentation of tics in an individual may fluctuate over time. Tourette syndrome may affect social relationships and school attendance, and may result in depression. Comorbidities are common, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder being most common. The literature supporting optimal treatment is limited but provides a framework for clinical decision-making. The focus of this review is to discuss the symptoms and possible causes of Tourette syndrome and current non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options, to help practitioners optimize care for pediatric patients with this disease.
Effect of Vancomycin Loading Doses on the Attainment of Target Trough Concentrations in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Dolan Ella , Hellinga Robert , London Matthew , Ryan Keenan , Dehority Walter
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE Subtherapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations are common in children and may be associated with suboptimal therapeutic response. Our objective was to determine if vancomycin loading doses safely increase the frequency of target trough attainment in hospitalized children.

METHODS Patients (≥6 months and <18-years-old) who received a vancomycin loading dose between February 1, 2018, and January 30, 2019, were retrospectively enrolled. These patients were compared to a convenience cohort of patients hospitalized between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, who received vancomycin without a loading dose. Target trough concentrations were defined as >15 mg/dL for invasive infections and >10 mg/dL for non-invasive infections.

RESULTS A total of 151 patients were enrolled, with 77 in the control arm and 74 in the loading dose arm. There was no significant difference in the frequency of comorbidities or need for intensive care unit admission between the two arms. Those receiving a vancomycin loading dose were older (mean age 9.1 vs 5.2 years, p < 0.0001). Patients given a loading dose achieved higher mean initial trough values (13.0 mg/dL vs 9.2 mg/dL, p < 0.0001), were more likely to have an initial trough at or above target (37.0% vs 10.4%, p = 0.0001), were more likely to reach target trough values at any point during therapy (52.1% vs 32.9%, p = 0.0081), and attained a target trough concentration more quickly (mean 41.1 hours vs 58.8 hours, p = 0.0118). There were no significant differences in the frequency of serum creatinine elevation or oliguria at the end of therapy.

CONCLUSIONS Vancomycin loading doses may improve the ability to safely obtain target trough values in hospitalized children.