bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injuries: Indications, outcomes and the usefulness of transcranial doppler
Authors:   Neurosurgery Department of Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Adeniran Bankole Nourou Dine , Kouakou Franck Loukou ,   Neurosurgery Department of Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Oudrhiri Mohammed Yassaad ,   Neurosurgery Department of Specialty Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: October 2022

Background: The place of transcranial Doppler in the management of all severe traumatic brain injury remains today important in therapeutic decision-making. The decompressive craniectomy for him remains a little controversial. Objective: In a prospective series of patients with severe TBI, we aimed to determine the usefulness of TCD and the outcomes of severe TBI treated with decompressive craniectomy in a low-resource setting.
Are vaccines efficacious in preventing COVID-19 contagion? A case report
Authors:   Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., C Cabona , M Archilli ,   Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., F Villani ,   Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., L Sticchi ,   Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Published: October 2022

Since 31 December 2019 and as of week 2022-2, 328.558.243 cases of COVID-19 and 5.548.696 related deaths have been reported [1]. In this context, a range of vaccines has been developed, showing high efficacy in preventing Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, severe outcomes of infection, and mortality [2] and has been instrumental in mitigating also the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [3,4].
A case of Raynaud’s phenomenon in Arizona, USA
Authors:   Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados, USA., ZI Merhavy , DS LaSon ,   Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados, USA., TC Varkey ,   Colangelo College of Business at Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Published: October 2022

This case presentation assesses one example of a patient suffering from Raynauds phenomenon without having previously sought out medical intervention. This study focuses on the patient’s perspective in hopes of providing insight to future providers in handling patient interactions for those suffering with the same disease.
Faktoren zur Steigerung der Lesekompetenzen
Authors: Waldner Sonja , Salvador Eva
Published: October 2022

An der Kirchlichen Pädagogischen Hochschule Edith Stein wurde ein Konzept zur individuellen Leseförderung im Rahmen der Schulpraxis entwickelt. Studierende des Lehramts Primarstufe lernen im Seminar ‘Pädagogische Diagnostik und Leistungsbewertung’ Grundlagen eines pädagogischen Diagnoseverständnisses kennen, beschäftigten sich mit Förderkonzepten und setzen über einen Zeitraum von sechs Wochen in Zusammenarbeit mit Volksschulen täglich ein individuelles Leseförderprogramm für Schüler*innen im Einzelsetting um. In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept vorgestellt, handlungsleitende Prinzipien werden beschrieben und Erkenntnisse Studierender dargelegt. Es stellt sich heraus, dass für den komplexen Prozess des Lesenlernens eine positive, offene Haltung grundlegend ist und sich mehrperspektivische Zugänge und eine Personalisierung des Lesestoffs als günstig erweisen.
Mit der Macht des Wortes aus der Ohnmacht
Authors: Höflich Sabine
Published: October 2022

Traumasensibles Handeln hat zum Ziel Sicherheit und Schutz sowie Stabilisation zu vermitteln. Sprache bildet hierbei einen bedeutsamen Faktor, der bei Emotionserkennung, bei Alltagsbewältigung und im sozialen Miteinander wirksam wird. Um aus traumabedingter Sprachlosigkeit zu gelangen und ein Verstehen für Verhaltensweisen – die eigenen wie der anderen – zu erlangen, bedarf es eines Gegenübers, das eindeutige Botschaften verbal wie nonverbal aussendet, klar benennt, Möglichkeiten aufzeigt und Gesprächsverläufe wertschätzend, verstehend und Krisen aushaltend bzw. begleitend initiiert und verlässlich durchführt. So kann traumasensibler Sprachgebrauch Missverständnisse vermeiden, Klarheit schaffen und den Weg zur Selbstwirksamkeit unterstützen.
Get cognitively fatigued and be more confident! The effect of working memory capacity and cognitive load on meta-reasoning
Authors: Akbarifeizabadi Faezeh , Nouri Reza Kormi , Mosmer Reza
Published: October 2022

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive limitations on intermediate judgments of confidence as one of the meta-reasoning components. This experimental study was conducted with 384 participants who were randomly assigned to two groups with different cognitive loads. The main task at the target level was the Tower of Hanoi, where the participants reported the level of their intermediate judgment of confidence every 45 seconds via a computerized questionnaire that popped up during the problem-solving process. The visual-spatial working memory capacity of individuals was measured with a forward and backward computerized Corsi block-tapping task. The participants in the high cognitive load group performed the dot matrix task before the Tower of Hanoi task. Two-way ANOVA found a link between the additional cognitive load before the main task and the participant's intermediate judgment of confidence during the problem-solving process. Visual-spatial working memory, on the other hand, did not have a significant effect on intermediate judgments of confidence, either alone or in conjunction with additional cognitive load.
VALIDATION OF DIVERSE INFORMATION TO PREPARE AN INTERACTIVE BOOKLET FOR FAMILIES OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN
Authors: Weissheimer-Kaufmann Gisele , de Azevedo Mazza Verônica , Trevisan Nobrega Martins Ruthes Victoria Beatriz , Ferrari de Oliveira Lucas
Published: October 2022

Objective: to validate content and face of diverse information to prepare an interactive booklet for families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Method: a methodological research study conducted in Curitiba-PR, Brazil, with 86 experts between June and November 2020 and using the Delphi technique. An instrument with variables about relevance of the content, clarity and objectivity and scientific topicality was used for data collection. In data analysis, the Content Validity Index was set at ≥75%.

Results: the content about the characteristics of autistic children, their diagnosis, behavior and rights was considered valid by the experts in the first round. The diverse information about the signs in autistic children and their future were validated in the second round, after the reformulations suggested by the experts.

Conclusion: this educational resource has the potential to contribute in health education for the families of autistic children.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ON GROWTH AND ACCUMULATION OF METAL MICRONUTRIENTS IN RICE SEEDLINGS GROWN HYDROPONICALLY
Authors: Shaibur Molla Rahman , Amin Md. Sadiqul , Kawai Shigenao
Published: October 2022

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore). The plants were grown up to 14 days after treatments (DAT), with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM KCl. It was observed that the rice seedlings were highly sensitive to KCl salinity, especially on producing toxicity symptoms and growth reduction. Iron concentration though increased significantly in shoot with increasing KCl concentration in the medium, it however, decreased in the root at the 30 mM KCl treatment. Manganese and Cu concentration decreased both in shoot and root at the 20 and 30 mM KCl treatments, however, Zn concentration decreased in shoot at the 20 and 30 mM KCl treatments. The concentration sensitivity of the metal micronutrients in shoot followed the general trends of Mn> Cu> Zn> Fe at the 20 and 30 mM KCl treatments. The K concentration increased as compared to the metal micronutrients with the increasing KCl in the medium.
MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A HIGHLY-EFFICIENT PCF-BASED AMINO ACID SENSOR
Authors: Biswas Sandipa , Abdullah Mahbubul Hasan , Shawon S.M. Shahriar Hasan , Podder Etu , Hossain Md. Bellal , Bulbul Abdullah Al-Mamun
Published: October 2022

Amino acids not only play a vital role as protein-building constituents in living beings but also have a wide range of applications that include commercial industries such as food additives and flavor enhancers as well as medical sectors to resist numerous disease levels and to treat digestive abscesses, liver ailments, etc. Hence a precise and feasible detection of amino acids is a fervent desire for their appropriate applications. This paper presents an amino acid sensor employing a mono-circular hollow-core PCF. This PCF-based sensor has been designed maintaining high fabrication feasibility. Then the performance of this sensor has been numerically studied engaging finite element method while sensing five types of amino acids. Performance metric exhibits that this sensor has a very low effective material and confinement loss of about 0.003795 cm-1 and 3.065×10-15 cm-1 correspondingly at 2.7 THz for Tryptophan. Besides this sensor has offered approximately 97.12% relative sensitivity maintaining a higher numerical aperture for the same type of amino acid. This sensor has maintained admirable values for all the performance indices for all the five types of amino acids analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the elementary design of this sensor has opened the door of viable fabrication with the aid of existing sol-gel technique or extrusion with 3D printing method.
PSEUDO-TRIANGULATION OF MONOTONE POLYGON USING SWEEP LINE ALGORITHM
Authors: Ahnaf S.M. Azoad , Islam Md. Saiful , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: October 2022

In the field of computational geometry, pseudo-triangulation of a polygon is an interesting topic. Breaking a polygon into pseudo-triangles reduces the calculation cost and increases computational power. The sweep line algorithm also known as the plane sweep algorithm uses an imaginary line or a plain surface on the Euclidean plain to perform various computations. Finding line intersection with sweep line was a revolutionary outcome. As polygons are the combination of edges and vertices, we tried to implement the concept of a sweep line to create pseudo-triangles inside the polygon. Among the vast triangulation algorithms, a few pseudo-triangulation algorithms are available. Using the sweep line algorithm, we have been able to pseudo-triangulate a monotone polygon which uses the time complexity of  to execute. As complex polygons can often be divided into a monotone polygon in just  so it is possible to chain with our sweep line-based technique, any complex polygon can be pseudo-triangulated in .
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE
Authors: Hasan Md Zahid , Leya Rabeya Sultana , Islam Kazi Saiful
Published: October 2022

In developing countries, rapid and unregulated population growth, along with economic and industrial growth and development have accelerated the rate of changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the early twenty-first century. One of the most effective ways to assess and manage the land transformation is through quantitative assessment of LULC changes. To find the best classifier for further uses of earth observation data, it is necessary to compare the accuracy of several LULC modelling algorithms. In this paper, four machine learning (ML) algorithms/classifier namely support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) have been examined using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor data. All the algorithms performed almost in a similar accuracy level, where SVM scores 84.00% of Cohen kappa and 90.74% of overall accuracy. These figures are 82.99% and 90.05% respectively for KNN. For RF, Cohen kappa and overall accuracy recorded 78.24% and 87.62% respectively. DT gained 74.46% for Cohen kappa and 85.51% for overall accuracy. Clearly SVM outperformed other algorithms in low spatial-resolution satellite data. The outcome of the study would help in different stages of LULC modelling. Moreover, it would help the planners and policy makers in formulation and preparation of land-based policy and planning to ensure sustainable living environment.
SELF-POWER DRIVEN IOT-BASED SMART STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM (SSLS)
Authors: Saha Suman , Hemal Md. Moniruzzaman , Eidmum Md. Zunead Abedin , Khan Md. Abdul Halim , Muiz Bakhtiar
Published: October 2022

Street lighting promotes safety by allowing pedestrians and vehicles to see each other and prevents accidents, robberies, unwanted theft, and other crimes that occur on the highway. But the electrical energy consumed for street lighting is a significant concern for developing countries, especially when the lights are on at night during the absence of objects. Also, maintaining the street lighting system is costly, and manually controlling and repairing the lights is unfeasible. Considering the above problems, this paper presents an IoT-based street lighting system that mitigates the above challenges by automating the system. The proposed system will run entirely on solar power systems, which draw clean, pure energy from the sun. As the object gets closer, the lights will become brighter and reduce the brightness as objects travel away. The system also cleans the lights once every week by servo motor. To determine whether the light needs repairing, replacing, or not, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used that transmits a report from the location to a central server. The system also can measure air pollutant gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), etc., by using the MQ- 135 sensors and sending the information to the web server for further analysis of air quality. The proposed smart street lighting system is low-cost, faster-response, eco-friendly, and energy-efficient. It aims to reduce active power loss while boosting energy efficiency, monitoring air quality, decreasing the cost of maintaining the street lighting system, and reducing the hard labor cost of controlling the system.
Protecting Endangered Fish Species Through Music in the Caribbean
Authors: López-Angarita Juliana
Published: October 2022

Changing attitudes towards wildlife is challenging, particularly in developing countries where local communities strongly depend on natural resources to survive. Here I present a case study from a small island located in the Colombian Caribbean where a team of biologists used local culture, music in particular, as the main tool to introduce and disseminate a message for the conservation of parrotfish, a threatened fish species. With the help of national and local governments, international non-profit organizations, and community leaders, a campaign for the protection of parrotfish was implemented. The heart of the campaign was ‘The Parrotfish Song’ made in the traditional music of the island, and recorded by a popular singer. Surveys implemented after the campaign took place, indicated the success of music as a tool for changing attitudes, as local communities were aware of the importance of parrotfish and showed their willingness to conserve the species.
Aproximación a la transformación digital en instituciones de educación superior mediante la teoría del cambio
Authors: Restrepo Carvajal Carlos Alberto , Gómez Arenas Natalia Andrea
Published: October 2022

La transformación digital es una realidad en las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia; potencia y fomenta la gestión de los stakeholders a partir de sus necesidades, que luego se convierten en requisitos. Además, permite desarrollar estrategias de gestión y participación con el cliente interno y externo, que se reflejan en un mejoramiento continuo a la cadena de valor. Por otra parte, mediante la aplicación de la Teoría del Cambio se logra un discernimiento de los requisitos asociados a la situación de estudio, permitiendo una asociación de los resultados finales con las necesidades y expectativas del cliente, resaltando que la investigación se centra en la percepción de éste. El modelo de transformación digital, presentado en esta investigación, se construye en consideración de cuatro dimensiones, a saber:  capacidad tecnológica instalada, cultura digital, relación empresa - universidad - Estado y liderazgo institucional y regional. La investigación es de tipo exploratoria y su enfoque está definido bajo el paradigma crítico social; la información primaria proviene de estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de Instituciones Universitarias del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. Este modelo de transformación, desde la investigación, se sugiere que esté a cargo de la oficina de gerenciamiento de proyectos, encargada del diseño del plan de transformación digital, el cual involucra el desarrollo y promoción de la cultura digital en la Institución. El modelo de transformación digital en la educación se sustenta en tres dimensiones, adaptabilidad, flexibilidad y pertinencia.
Anaphylaxis is rare due to CoronaVac in a population of healthcare workers
Authors: Öztürk Betül Özdel , Akdemir İrem , Azap Alpay , Çelik Gülfem , Bavbek Sevim , Mungan Dilşad
Published: October 2022

Background

CoronaVac, the first coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine administered in our country, was found safe in clinical trials.

Objective

We aimed to reveal the rate and features of CoronaVac vaccine-associated allergic reactions among vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) in real-life.

Methods

This study was planned as a questionnaire-based study. Participants who reported a postvaccination allergic reaction were interviewed on phone and their medical records were also checked for confirmation.

Results

A total of 2,488 HCWs took part in the study and 4,054 postvaccination complete questionnaire-responses were obtained. Twenty-one HCWs (female: male, 17:4) with a mean age of 40.95 ± 10.09 stated that they had an allergic reaction after a total of 23 vaccine injections. Accordingly, the reaction rate was 0.56% among all vaccine doses. The most common reactions were systemic skin reactions (2.7%) consisting of generalized pruritus, diffuse pruritic erythema, urticaria, and maculopapular rash. That was followed by local injection site reaction (0.12%). Anaphylaxis was reported in 4 cases (0.09%) with a mean onset time of 12 ± 6 minutes. One of them had a history of anaphylaxis with 2 drugs, another had venom and food allergy. Three of the subjects had level 2 diagnostic certainty according to the Brighton Collaboration criteria and one had level 3. All anaphylaxis cases were discharged within 24 hours and none of them required intensive care.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that allergic reactions to CoronaVac were rare and mostly mild. Although anaphylaxis was also rare, the importance of early intervention with close follow-up was once again emphasized.
Case report of clindamycin graded challenge in an AIDS patient allergic to clindamycin
Authors: Raknoo Thitinun , Sae-lim Orawan , Pattharachayakul Sutthiporn , Kanchanasuwan Siripen
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to report the success of a clindamycin graded challenge. The patient was a 39-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected male with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) with a history of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and clindamycin allergy. He developed a reaction during TMP/SMX desensitization. Following the reaction, a graded challenge with clindamycin was performed in this study, and he became tolerant to clindamycin. No adverse drug reactions developed during the graded challenge. He successfully continued suppressive therapy with no further reactions or recurrences.
Gradient analysis of the vegetation of an inland wetland ecosystem
Authors: Manhas Rajesh , Gupta Arun
Published: October 2022

Quadrats of one square meter were sampled across the five communities of Golatappar swamp in winter and summer seasons. The data was analyzed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Ordination of the species and communities produced arrangements reflecting a gradient of soil moisture. The gradient successfully separated the wet areas from the marshy and dry and showed a physiognomic gradient association with physical soil properties.
Space of chord-arc curves and BMO/VMO Teichmüller space
Authors: Matsuzaki Katsuhiko , Wei Huaying
Published: October 2022

This paper focuses on the structure of the subspace \(T_c\) of the BMO Teichmüller space \(T_b\) corresponding to chord-arc curves, which contains the VMO Teichmüller space \(T_v\). We prove that \(T_c\) is not a subgroup with respect to the group structure of \(T_b\), but it is preserved under the inverse operation and the left and the right translations by any element of \(T_v\). Moreover, we show that \(T_b\) has a fiber structure induced by \(T_v\), and the complex structure of \(T_b\) can be projected down to the quotient space \(T_v \backslash T_b\). Then, we see that \(T_c\) consists of fibers of this projection, and its quotient space also has the induced complex structure.
Physician Perspectives on the Implementation of a Trauma Informed Care Initiative in the Maternity Care Setting
Authors: Huartson Karolina , Hill Todd , Killam Teresa , Kelly Martina , Racine Nicole
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To explore the barriers and facilitators from the perspective of family physicians on the implementation of a pilot trauma-informed care (TIC) initiative to promote resilience, with particular emphasis on asking about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), in a maternity care clinic.Methods: Using an exploratory qualitative design, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with family physicians who were practicing in a maternity clinic in a large Canadian city. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were reviewed by three coders and themes were extracted using thematic analysis.Results: The analysis of 10 interviews yielded six thematic domains. Three domains pertained to perceived barriers to obtaining an ACEs history including: (1) concern about time management, (2) initial lack of physician comfort with TIC, and (3) cultural limitations of using the ACEs questionnaire. Three themes pertained to perceived facilitators of obtaining an ACEs history including: (1) the importance of a physician champion, (2) a supportive and flexible clinic environment, and (3) improved patient-physician relationships.Implications: In the context of a broader TIC initiative within a maternity care setting, asking patients about ACEs was generally perceived positively by physicians. Ensuring a supportive clinic environment and adequate staff training may be critical factors that contribute to successful implementation. Future research focused on diverse physician experiences in different settings are needed.
A study on the sustainable direction of Wonju-City sinior-friendly park for the creation of an aging-friendly city
Authors:   Korea Society of Public Design, Kim Hyo-Jin
Published: October 2022

Although citizens' interest in parks is growing these days, when the role and value of parks have improved, the policies of urban parks in local governments tend to focus on quantitative expansion and poor quality improvement. It is important that parks are no longer a space for simple rest and walks, but rather a direction toward a characteristic park by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of the area and the site and the needs of citizens. Wonju-City has secured urban parks by creating parks and green spaces that exceed the recommended standard for securing parks suggested by the World Health Organization. However, as a result of a survey on awareness of Wonju citizens, the citizens had the most opinions about the redevelopment of the park and the space without features. In addition, the elderly aged 65 and over account for 16.28% of the total population, so they have entered an aged society. However, there are currently no concrete alternatives to the welfare of the elderly, which means that the elderly welfare policy is limited. Therefore, in order to suggest the direction of the elderly-friendly park, this study analyzed four representative neighborhood parks in Wonju-City, and found that reorganization of the universal design perspective in terms of sustainability, comfort and safety is necessary. In addition, as a result of the interview survey of the citizens visiting the park and the keyword analysis of the specialized direction, the specialized direction desired by the citizens of Wonju-City was derived from the keywords of 'exercise' and 'elderly' with the main purpose of relieving stress in the park. As a result, a plan in the direction of a 'senior-friendly park' was derived.
How doest the retrocecal anatomic localization of the appendix vermiformis affect the prognosis of acute appendicitis today? A comparative prospective study
Authors: Karatas Turgay , Selcuk Engin , Karatas Mehmet , Yildirim Atilla
Published: October 2022

Appendix vermiformis is found in various anatomical localizations. Localization of the appendix vermiformis has been suggested to affect the clinical findings and outcomes of acute appendicitis. Aimed at investigating the effect of retrocecal localization of appendix vermiformis on the prognosis of acute appendicitis today. This study was started in August 2018 and finished in August 2021. Adult patients of both sexes who were operated in general surgery clinic with a pre-diagnosis of acute appendicitis were included in the study. Anatomic localization of appendix vermiformis were divided into two parts as retrocecal localizations and non-retrocecal localizations. The forms of appendicitis, postoperative complications, and length of hospitalization obtained from retrocecal and non-retrocecal localizations were compared and evaluated. A total of 776 patients were included in the study. Retrocecal localization was found in 15%, and non-retrocecal in 84.9% of the patients. The rate of acute appendicitis was 65.8% in retrocecal localization, 83.1% in non-retrocecal localization, perforated appendicitis at 31.6% in retrocecal localization and 11.2% in non-retrocecal localization. The perforated appendicitis rate was significantly higher in retrocecal localizations (p=.0001). Although postoperative complications were 5.1% in retrocecal appendicitis and 2.4% in non-retrocecal appendicitis, there was no significant difference between them in terms of postoperative complications (p=.105). The mean length of hospital stay was 2.4 days for appendicitis with retrocecal localization and 1.7 days for non-retrocecal localizations. The mean length of hospital stay was also significantly higher in retrocecal localizations (p=.0001). In conclusion, both perforated appendicitis rates and the mean length of hospital stay were higher in appendicitis with retrocecal localization. Therefore, appendicitis with retrocecal localization still negatively affects the prognosis of acute appendicitis today.
Awareness of emergency contraceptive pills among female patients of family planning unit of tertiary care teaching hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Authors: Karelia Bharti , Patel Ravi , Vegada Bhavisha
Published: October 2022

Background: In India, sizeable population of pregnancies are either unplanned or unwanted and thus these pregnancies add to the population burden or the women may resort to pregnancy termination by traditional or harmful methods leading to serious health consequences. Emergency contraception, developed from trials and research during the past 10 years with aim to cut down the occurrence of unwanted and unintended pregnancies and abortion is one most important step being taken to solve the problem.

Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness regarding contraception and emergency contraceptive pills among female patients of reproductive age group and to evaluate any association between marital status, type of family and family member as a sister, education, and awareness about contraception and emergency contraceptive pills.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age group over a period of 3 months after obtaining written informed consent. Data were collected regarding demographic parameters, knowledge of different contraceptive measures, and emergency contraceptive pills using an anonymous pretested structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel sheet and Medcalc software.

Results: A total of 253 women were included in the study. Majority of them were married (94.5%), literate (74.7%), belong to joint family (71.5%), having no history of abortion (69.2%), and having sister in their family (76.7%). About 67.2% know contraceptive methods and the most common source of information was a hospital (58.3%). About 15% were aware of emergency contraceptive pills and audio-visual (71%) is the most common source of information. Awareness about contraception was more in literate women and opposite to this awareness about emergency contraceptives pills was more in illiterate women. Those having sister in their family having more knowledge about contraception and emergency contraceptive pills.

Conclusions: Awareness about emergency contraceptive pills is very low. Education can play important role either directly or indirectly to create awareness about emergency contraceptive pills.
Legal Issues Inside the Unnatural World of Metaverse
Authors: L. Pate Richard
Published: October 2022

Metaverse is positioned to be a new world where life, including commerce, befalls in a drastically different manner: virtually instead of physically. The concept of a virtual world is not a new idea, its recent revitalization stems from new blockchain technology which enables its development. Resting on top of such technology, metaverse is seemingly poised to alter commerce along with multiple other human interactions, predictably, legal issues will mature alongside these developments. The objective of this article is to merely introduce the principal legal issues most likely to be created or intensified by the eventual, complete development of metaverse. The principal issues include: (1) privacy and data collection and use; (2) privacy and artificial intelligence (AI); (3) the legal standing of cryptocurrency; and (4) the more distant but likely development of a new ‘natural law’.

metaverse, privacy, data collection, data use, artificial intelligence, natural law, blockchain technology, cryptocurrency
Protection of Resolution Professionals in India: The Frontline Workers in a CIRP
Authors: Garg Nidhisha
Published: October 2022

Of late, the harsh realities of being an Insolvency Resolution Professional (RP) in the Indian insolvency regime have come to the forefront. RPs have been kidnapped, beaten up, arrested, threatened and prosecuted for criminal charges. Unfortunately, both the United Nations Conference on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Guide on Insolvency and the domestic Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India, do not provide for a foolproof mechanism required to arm the RPs to defend against such attacks. While the Courts have come to the rescue of RPs who have been victims to such violence, this article argues for a more radical change through a possible amendment in the Code which enables strict corporeal punishment for such violation of personal liberties.

resolution professional, threat, police protection, discharge of duty and insolvency code
Three Steps in the Aftermath of COP26: Trade, Key Players, and Decarbonization
Authors: Leal-Arcas Rafael , Faktaufon Manuliza , Kasak-Gliboff Hannah , Li Cindy , Guantai Lee , Smajic Ervin
Published: October 2022

This article offers three instruments to effectively mitigate climate change in the context of the Conference of the Parties (COP)26 and beyond. The first is the interaction between the climate and trade regimes. To that end, this article presents a thought-provoking premise – that mega-regional trade agreements (RTAs) can take a significant role in climate change mitigation. It argues that mega-RTAs can go further to galvanize climate change mitigation, in particular in the energy sector. The energy sector is the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the majority of energy consumption being supplied by fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil. As such, there are two main arguments made herein. First, mega-RTAs, as tangible indications of what is acceptable to major economies, are the impetus to influencing greater coherence on energy efficiency standards. This contributes to climate action by creating, even if to some extent, the harmonization of an otherwise fragmented status of energy governance. Second, mega-RTAs can create substantive provisions that redirect support from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This is the very essence of the energy transition. It is envisaged that these two roles conveyed effectively through mega-RTAs can substantially support the energy transition and amounts to action that mitigates climate change and promotes sustainable energy. The second instrument to effectively mitigate climate change is the role of two major Asian countries that are key in the fight against climate change, namely India and China. Both countries can play a major role in effectively mitigating climate change in the future, following the agreement at COP26 that coal must be phased down. Lastly, the third instrument is visualizing what a decarbonized future would look like. Two of many possible pathways for decarbonization are examined: clean-energy technologies and shale gas as a bridge to sustainability. The article argues that these pathways can be meaningful for effective climate action and are in alignment with the Glasgow Climate Pact.

energy transition, mega-regional trade agreements, fossil fuels, renewable energy, global energy governance, electrification, clean-energy technologies, shale gas, sustainability
A Critical Analysis of the Proposed EU Regulation on Nature Restoration: Have the Problems Been Resolved?
Authors: Hoek Niels
Published: October 2022

European biodiversity is on a steep decline, in part due to climate change, pollution, overexploitation and changes in land use. In light of this decline, the Habitats Directive, the cornerstone of EU nature conservation law, has been the subject of critique. It can be observed that the Directive suffers from lacklustre (binding) norms on nature restoration – from connectivity restoration to climate change adaptation. However, in June of 2022, the European Commission published a proposal for a Regulation on Nature Restoration, which supplements the existing regimes withinEUnature conservation law – and introduces regimes meant to restore biodiversity within the EU. In turn, this article discusses whether the gaps, weak norms and systematic issues found within the Habitats Directive, related to the restoration of ecosystems, have been sufficiently addressed by this Proposal. It finds that the introduction of specific norms on nature restoration, which are equipped with a historic baseline and subsequent deadlines, do address key gaps within modern- day nature conservation law – whilst taking on a more holistic approach to restoration. However, additional tweaks are still desirable to fully address the gaps within the Habitats Directive as, for example, quantifiable targets for connectivity restoration and the reintroduction of species are still missing. Further questions can be raised regarding the robustness of the overarching target, the mitigation of pollution in natural habitats, and the comprehensiveness and flexibility of its annexes.

Biodiversity, Nature Restoration Regulation, Restoration, EU biodiversity strategy 2030, EU Nature conservation law, The European Green Deal, Habitats Directive, EU Nature Restoration Law
The American Misconstruction of Director Fiduciary Accountability
Authors: Flannigan Robert
Published: October 2022

Modern English and American corporate law was broadly fashioned in the nineteenth century. Oddly however, the courts of those two closely linked jurisdictions developed profoundly opposed views on a most basic matter. After some initial conflict in the cases, the English settled on the principle that directors are status fiduciaries only to their corporation. The Americans, with a comparable initial conflict in their cases, instead eventually settled on the notion that directors are status fiduciaries to shareholders. I track how that difference developed through the course of the nineteenth century. I also trace how fairness wrongly became an element of the American duty.

Director fiduciary duty, director duty to shareholders, corporate personality, joint stock company, centralised management, entire fairness, director duty to creditors
Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: A WTO Perspective
Authors: Kucheriava Yuliia
Published: October 2022

Times of emergency in international relations are, indeed, a true test, not just for individuals but also for legal frameworks, including the one of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This article aims to assess the ability of the WTO legal framework to address challenges that have arisen due to the Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This is done through a two-pronged approach covering: (1) a general assessment of provisions of the relevant WTO Agreements and their role for addressing the current conflict in Ukraine; (2) an assessment of potential limitations to the system that may preclude effective response to the conflict. The article demonstrates that despite the fact that WTO Agreements do not provide for specific set of rights and obligations to regulate trade in times of war, they contain various mechanisms that help to ‘keep finger on the pulse’ to maintain order on the international trade arena. This is done, inter alia, via the various exemptions and exceptions WTO Members may resort to in times of extraordinary events. It further argues that despite its potential limitations, WTO law provides for a whole range of instruments to dissuade or ward off actions like the unpreceded invasion of Ukraine.

WTO, war or other emergency in international relations, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, GATT 1994, GATS, MFN, customs duties, quantitative restrictions, trade facilitation, expulsion
The Multi-party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement: An Update
Authors: Gonzalez Andrea Maria , Sakhi Aldina
Published: October 2022

The World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body (AB) continues to face an existential and operational crisis. Since 2017, the United States has blocked the selection of replacements for retiring AB members. As a result, the Appellate Body no longer has any active members and, therefore, cannot function.

In March 2020, a group of 16 WTO members, including the European Union, promoted an initiative to establish a ‘multi-party interim appeal arrangement’ (MPIA), as an alternative to AB proceedings pending a resolution of the AB impasse. The arrangement is intended to allow disputes to be resolved finally by an impartial adjudicating body and to preserve a two-tier WTO dispute settlement system, until the Appellate Body resumes its functions. This Article provides a review of the structure and provisions of the MPIA and an update on how it has worked in practice. To date, no WTO dispute has gone through the MPIA process. However, in two recent disputes, Türkiye, which is not an MPIA party, and the European Union entered into agreements on appeals using a process very similar to the MPIA. One of those disputes has proceeded to the appeal stage under this arrangement. This note also provides the review of the differences between the MPIA and the Türkiye-EU mechanism.

The World Trade Organization's disputes, the Dispute Settlement Body, Appellate Body Members, Multi-party interim appeal arrangement, MPIA, structure, appeal arbitration procedure, arbitrators, MPIA arbitrator, outgoing disputes, the first case to use appeal, Article 25 Arbitration, Türkiye-EU appeal arbitration agreement, WTO reform, MC12 outcome.
Recent Developments of Third Party Joinder in International Arbitration
Authors: Ross Lisa-Marie , Asschenfeldt Kathrin
Published: October 2022

This article analyses the impact of the Singapore High Court decision CJD v. CJE and another [2021] SGHC 61 on the highly topical issue of third party joinder in international commercial arbitration. In its 2021 decision, the court applied a strict yardstick in view of party autonomy when interpreting consent requirements for joinder under the London Court of International Arbitration Rules 2014. A closer comparative analysis of the procedural rules of leading international arbitration institutions identifies the judgment’s guidance to similarly constructed joinder rules, such as the International Chamber of Commerce Rules 2021. The comparative analysis recognizes a larger growth of caseloads in Asia and results suggest an incrementally developing preference for joinder rules which are constructed in a wide manner. This includes the arbitral tribunal’s power to allow third parties to join already commenced arbitration proceedings based on a prima facie test, alongside express unanimous parties’ consent.

International commercial arbitration, multi-party contracts, third party joinder, international arbitration institutions, institutional arbitration rules, dispute resolution, Singapore, private international law, comparative law
Means of Influence, the Joint-Decision Trap and Multilevel Trade Negotiations: Ontario and Québec and the Renegotiation of NAFTA Compared
Authors: Paquin Stéphane
Published: October 2022

Trade negotiations address issues that are increasingly pertinent to substate governments, leading many to insist on being included in trade negotiations. The increasingly multilevel nature of trade negotiations and the influence of substate governments in the negotiation process is beginning to attract theoretical attention. The Canadian case is interesting here as it allows us to test two recent theories about the role of substate governments in trade negotiations. Canadian provinces are increasingly included in trade negotiations despite the fact that they do not have veto power and the Senate of Canada does not represent their interests. The Canadian case demonstrates that, contrary to the means-of-influence theory, inclusion in the negotiation process is more important than formal constitutional powers. Moreover, contrary to a recent theory that questions the joint-decision trap perspective, in the case of the NAFTA renegotiation, granting veto power to the provinces would likely have been a major problem for Canadian negotiators. This article compares the role Ontario and Québec played in the NAFTA renegotiations with their role in CETA and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) negotiations.

Trade negotiation, federalism, means of influence, joint-decision trap, Canadian provinces, Ontario, Québec, NAFTA renegotiations, CETA, CPTPP
Music, Culture and Society: Ideal Environments for Adults
Authors: Vernia-Carrasco Ana M.
Published: October 2022

Music, as the backbone of artistic projects, can provide ideal spaces for adults, improving their quality of life. This proposal is part of a larger investigation, from a research stay. This research, of a synchronous and descriptive nature, used the narrative and descriptive perspective, but from the lived artistic experiences. Through interviews with experts, the desired information was obtained to write a report. The work was completed with a theoretical framework divided into different sections that include education, music and adults, didactic spaces for music education in adults, music and interculturality as an space for musical learning, and Sustainable Development Goals. The results confirmed the need to create spaces expressly for musical education and training for adults, regardless of whether or not they have previous musical training, since it is understood that adult profiles differ from children and adolescents, especially in terms of learning rhythms and needs. Among the conclusions, we can highlight the important relationship that is established between adults, society, music and culture. On the other hand, we are aware that there is a clear exclusion regarding access to artistic and cultural education.
Major Opportunities, Challenges, Financial Technological Implications of Fintech in Indian Context
Authors: Shivannavar Laxmi B
Published: October 2022

India, which has a population of around 1.3 billion, is a growing market for fintech. India is an exciting global market for financial innovations due to the country's high percentage of unbanked and underbanked citizens. Fintech is viewed as a paradigm shifter and disruptive innovation that has the power to upend the established financial markets. In the previous five years, fintech has expanded quickly in India, and in the near future, more growth is anticipated. The essay begins by concentrating on the fundamental categories of financial technologies and their roles. It then goes on to analyze the potential and challenges these technologies present in the Indian corporate climate. This study looks at the specifics of the financial technology sector, the definition of FinTech, and possible classifications for the financial technology solutions used by businesses. FinTech, also referred to as financial technology. Typically, start-ups focused on challenging less softwaredependent businesses and financial processes are called financial technology companies. Fintech is not just for start-ups. The term "fintech" refers to a new area of financial services that has emerged in the twenty-first century. With the help of PwC's knowledge and expertise in this field, this research seeks to offer important insights into the development of the FinTech sector in India. PwC claims that Financial Services and Fintech are cooperating rather than competing as much. In its Global Fintech report, PwC examines the FinTech’s expanding impact on the financial services industry. With the help of PwC's knowledge and expertise in this field, this research intends to offer important insights into the development of the FinTech sector in India. It uses cutting-edge technologies to give customers and financial institutions a variety of contemporary tools to manage their accounts as it encompasses advancements in investment, retail banking, investment management, and even cryptocurrencies like bitcoin.
Pengaruh Disiplin Belajar Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas Tinggi SDN 16 Sungai Limau Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Roza Riza Elvira , Syari Elsy Melia
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of high grade students at SDN 16 Sungai Limau. This problem is marked by the fact that there are still many students who are less disciplined towards online and offline learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning discipline during the covid-19 pandemic on the learning outcomes of highclass students at SDN 16 Sungai Limau, Padang Pariaman Regency. This research is a correlational study. The population in this study amounted to 50 students and the entire population was sampled with a total sampling technique. The instrument used was a closed questionnaire to measure student learning discipline variables to describe student learning outcomes for high grade students at SDN 16 Sungai Limau. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was an influence of learning discipline on the learning outcomes of high grade students at SDN 16 Sungai Limau. This is indicated by the correlation coefficient value of 0.799, thus indicating that the learning discipline variable has an influence on student learning outcomes (t count 9.215 > t table 1.678). While the value of the determinant coefficient is 63.84%, this shows that the learning outcomes of high grade students at SDN 16 Sungai Limau 63.84% are influenced by student discipline variables, while the remaining 36.16% is influenced by other variables.