bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public relations for industrial archaeology
Authors: James N.
Published: January 2015

Completion of the motorway M74's west end, through part of Glasgow and its fringe, was taken vigorously as an opportunity both to explain archaeology and local history to residents and to invite them to contribute to the study of the route. The route runs five miles across the old industrial south of the city and through the Gorbals, once the British byword for an urban 'sink'. The Discover M74 Public Archaeology Programme ran from August 2007 to February 2009, while archaeological tests and excavations were carried out and the bulldozers and pile-drivers then moved in. It engaged well over a thousand schoolchildren, various study groups and community groups, and many other local visitors. Imaginatively and effectively organised under the aegis of Transport Scotland (for the Scottish Government) and three local authorities, it has set a new standard in planning and managing public outreach.
Engraved art and acoustic resonance: exploring ritual and sound in north-western South Africa
Authors: Rifkin Riaan F.
Published: January 2015

At a hill-top site in the Korrannaberg, where there is a water source and a sandy arena embraced by a rocky ridge, the author persuasively evokes a lively prehistoric ritual centre, with rock gongs, reverberating echoes, dancing and trance.
Prehistoric small scale monument types in Hadramawt (southern Arabia): convergences in ethnography, linguistics and archaeology
Authors: Bin 'Aqil Abdalaziz Ja'afar , McCorriston Joy
Published: January 2015

The authors report new understanding of the prehistoric monuments of Hadramawt (Yemen) using archaeological fieldwork, linguistic terminology and ethnography. The stone tombs, platforms and alignments are shown to have experienced particularly interesting life histories. Passing travellers add stones and bury camels, shrines are reconditioned and dismantled to construct goat pens. It is clear that only this kind of multi-disciplinary expertise can hope to define the prehistoric sequence in an arid and rocky mountain landscape in which non-literate pastoral peoples have left few other traces. An online photo essay accompanies the article athttp://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/mccorriston/index.html
Social interaction and rock art styles in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)
Authors: Gallardo Francisco
Published: January 2015

In this ground-breaking study the author looks at three consecutive styles of rock art, placing them in the social context in which they were produced. Although necessarily succinct, the argument shows that as hierarchy increased and functioned over longer distances, rock art could perform as the organ of pastoralist authority, or the badge of marginalised hunters or, most often, as the imagery of consensus masking social inequality.
Private pantries and celebrated surplus: storing and sharing food at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Central Anatolia
Authors: Bogaard Amy , Charles Michael , Twiss Katheryn C. , Fairbairn Andrew , Yalman Nurcan , Filipović Dragana , Demirergi G. Arzu , Ertuğ Füsun , Russell Nerissa , Henecke Jennifer
Published: January 2015

In the Neolithic megasite at Çatalhöyük families lived side by side in conjoined dwellings, like a pueblo. It can be assumed that people were always in and out of each others' houses – in this case via the roof. Social mechanisms were needed to make all this run smoothly, and in a tour-de-force of botanical, faunal and spatial analysis the authors show how it worked. Families stored their own produce of grain, fruit, nuts and condiments in special bins deep inside the house, but displayed the heads and horns of aurochs near the entrance. While the latter had a religious overtone they also remembered feasts, episodes of sharing that mitigated the provocations of a full larder.
A 4000 year-old introduction of domestic pigs into the Philippine Archipelago: implications for understanding routes of human migration through Island Southeast Asia and Wallacea
Authors: Piper Philip J. , Hung Hsiao-chun , Campos Fredeliza Z. , Bellwood Peter , Santiago Rey
Published: January 2015

New research into the Neolithic of Island Southeast Asia is broadening the old models and making them more diverse, more human – more like history: people and animals can move through the islands in a multitude of ways. The domestic pig is an important tracker of Neolithic people and practice into the Pacific, and the authors address the controversial matter of whether domestic pigs first reached the islands of Southeast Asia from China via Taiwan or from the neighbouring Vietnamese peninsula. The DNA trajectory read from modern pigs favours Vietnam, but the authors have found well stratified domestic pig in the Philippines dated to c. 4000 BP and associated with cultural material of Taiwan. Thus the perils of relying only on DNA – but are these alternative or additional stories?
The Domitian II coin from Chalgrove: a Gallic emperor returns to history
Authors: Abdy Richard
Published: January 2015

A single coin discovered in a field at Chalgrove, Oxfordshire, UK, has proved to have an exceptional significance in the world of Roman numismatics. It features a third-century emperor, Domitianus, unknown apart from a find of 1900 from a vineyard in Cléons previously described as ‘doubtful’. The dies used to strike the two coins match, leaving little doubt that Domitianus was a real person, although of somewhat fleeting dominion over the Gallic Empire – for a brief period in AD 271.
Making a point: wood-versusstone-tipped projectiles
Authors: Waguespack Nicole M. , Surovell Todd A. , Denoyer Allen , Dallow Alice , Savage Adam , Hyneman Jamie , Tapster Dan
Published: January 2015

What are the advantages of equipping a wooden arrow with stone, rather than just using the sharpened wooden tip? Very few it seems. In a series of well-controlled experiments the authors show that stone arrow-heads achieve barely 10 per cent extra penetration over wood. They then raise some pertinent ideas about the other advantages, social and symbolic that may have driven hunters the world over to adopt the stone tip.
The emergence of pottery in Africa during the tenth millennium cal BC: new evidence from Ounjougou (Mali)
Authors: Huysecom E. , Rasse M. , Lespez L. , Neumann K. , Fahmy A. , Ballouche A. , Ozainne S. , Maggetti M. , Tribolo Ch. , Soriano S.
Published: January 2015

New excavations in ravines at Ounjougou in Mali have brought to light a lithic and ceramic assemblage that dates from before 9400 cal BC. The authors show that this first use of pottery coincides with a warm wet period in the Sahara. As in East Asia, where very early ceramics are also known, the pottery and small bifacial arrowheads were the components of a new subsistence strategy exploiting an ecology associated with abundant wild grasses. In Africa, however, the seeds were probably boiled (then as now) rather than made into bread.
The archaeology of Western Sahara: results of environmental and archaeological reconnaissance
Authors: Brooks Nick , Clarke Joanne , Garfi Salvatore , Pirie Anne
Published: January 2015

Western Sahara has one of the last remaining unexplored prehistories on the planet. The new research reported here reveals a sequence of Holocene occupation beginning in a humid period around 9000 bp, superceded around 5000 bp by an arid phase in which the land was mainly given over to pastoralism and monumental burial. The authors summarise the flint and pottery assemblage and classify the monuments, looking to neighbouring cultures in Niger, Libya and Sudan.
Floor sequences in Neolithic Makri, Greece: micromorphology reveals cycles of renovation
Authors: Karkanas Panagiotis , Efstratiou Nikos
Published: January 2015

Dating and examination of plaster floor sequences by micromorphology at a tell site in Greece shows when they were made and how they were composed. While numerous informal floor surfaces using recycled rubbish were put in place, as and when, by the occupants, formal floors rich in plaster seem to have been re-laid at regular intervals in reflection of a communal decision – even if the actual floors followed a recipe determined by each household. The authors rightly champion the potential of the technique as a possible indicator of social change at the household and settlement level.
Rooting for pigfruit: pig feeding in Neolithic and Iron Age Britain compared
Authors: Hamilton Julie , Hedges Robert E.M. , Robinson Mark
Published: January 2015

‘They dream of the acorned swill of the world, the rooting for pigfruit…’ Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood.

Carbon and nitrogen isotopes show a marked change in the diet of British pigs between the Neolithic and the Iron Age. The authors neatly deduce that this was due to the loss of the Neolithic wildwood where pigs were wont to root for fungus amongst the rotting trees.
Development of metallurgy in Eurasia
Authors: Roberts Benjamin W. , Thornton Christopher P. , Pigott Vincent C.
Published: January 2015

The authors reconsider the origins of metallurgy in the Old World and offer us a new model in which metallurgy began inc. eleventh/ninth millennium BC in Southwest Asia due to a desire to adorn the human body in life and death using colourful ores and naturally-occurring metals. In the early sixth millennium BC the techniques of smelting were developed to produce lead, copper, copper alloys and eventually silver. The authors come down firmly on the side of single invention, seeing the subsequent cultural transmission of the technology as led by groups of metalworkers following in the wake of exotic objects in metal.
From sheep to (some) horses: 4500 years of herd structure at the pastoralist settlement of Begash (south-eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Frachetti Michael , Benecke Norbert
Published: January 2015

Does the riding of horses necessarily go with the emergence of Eurasian pastoralism? Drawing on their fine sequence of animal bones from Begash, the authors think not. While pastoral herding of sheep and goats is evident from the Early Bronze Age, the horse appears only in small numbers before the end of the first millennium BC. Its adoption coincides with an increase in hunting and the advent of larger politically organised groups.
Conflicting evidence? Weapons and skeletons in the Bronze Age of south-east Iberia
Authors: Aranda-Jiménez Gonzalo , Montón-Subías Sandra , Jiménez-Brobeil Silvia
Published: January 2015

With its forts, swords, halberds and daggers the Argaric people of south-east Spain has long been seen as a warrior society. The authors dismantle this model, showing that defences around settlements and weapons and knives in tombs have quite different social roles. An analysis of skeletons showed that while these Bronze Age people might have been periodically clubbing each other on the head, they were not doing a lot of lethal stabbing.
Aristophanes and stable isotopes: a taste for freshwater fish in Classical Thebes (Greece)?
Authors: Vika E. , Aravantinos V. , Richards M.P.
Published: January 2015

Stable isotopes in skeletons indicate changes in diet, and a sample of humans from Classical Thebes showed an unexpected increase in nitrogen values – usually associated with increased access to protein. But from what and how? After considering the possible sources of meat, milk and manure, the authors highlight the contribution of freshwater fish, and find support in Aristophanes – where the citizens are heard clamouring for the eels of Lake Kopais.
New light on the Anglo-Saxon succession: two cemeteries and their dates
Authors: Hills C.M. , O'Connell T.C.
Published: January 2015

The origin of the English is an interesting problem – and not only for them. In one short century, the evidence from texts, burial, artefacts, stable isotopes and now DNA provides several different answers to the question of whether England was invaded by Germans in the fifth century and if so in what manner. The rigorous approach by our authors tips the balance back in favour of a population changing its cultural allegiance – rather than being physically overwhelmed – but, as they emphasise, any new reading must depend on a very high level of archaeological precision – perhaps only now coming within reach.
High prestige Royal Purple dyed textiles from the Bronze Age royal tomb at Qatna, Syria
Authors: James Matthew A. , Reifarth Nicole , Mukherjee Anna J. , Crump Matthew P. , Gates Paul J. , Sandor Peter , Robertson Francesca , Pfälzner Peter , Evershed Richard P.
Published: January 2015

During the ongoing excavations in the palace of the famous Qatna complex, the excavators noted patches of brown staining on the floor of a high status tomb. Chemical extraction revealed the presence of brominated derivatives of indigo and indirubin, and more detailed characterisation showed that it likely came fromHexaplex trunculus. In short, this was none other than the renowned Tyrian or Royal Purple mentioned by Pliny, which was to have such an influential career colouring the clothing of the powerful. Furthermore, it was associated in the tomb with ghosts of high quality textiles preserved in gypsum.
Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: new AMS determinations for Maisières-Canal, Belgium
Authors: Jacobi R.M. , Higham T.F.G. , Haesaerts P. , Jadin I. , Basell L.S.
Published: January 2015

The authors explore the arrival of the earliest Gravettian in north-west Europe, using new high precision radiocarbon dates for bone excavated at Maisières-Canal in Belgium to define a short-lived occupation around 33 000 years ago. The tanged points in that assemblage have parallels in British sites, including Goat's Hole (Paviland). This is the site of the famous ochred burial of a young adult male, confusingly known as the ‘Red Lady’, now dated to around 34 000 BP. The new results demonstrate that this British ‘rich burial’ and the Gravettian with tanged points may belong to two different occupation horizons separated by a cold spell.
Subsistence diversity in the Younger Stone Age landscape of Varangerfjord, northern Norway
Authors: Hodgetts Lisa
Published: January 2015

Explorations of Stone Age diversity take another step forward with this study of a group of neighbouring sites in Arctic Norway. While all are situated around a fjord, and only a few kilometres apart, the faunal assemblage shows that some are seal specialists, while others hunt reindeer and others again ambush dolphins. Each was creating its own local environment, hunting territory and landscape, not defended but respected, with intimate connections between people and places.
Not so coarse, nor always plain – the earliest pottery of Syria
Authors: Nieuwenhuyse Olivier P. , Akkermans Peter M.M.G. , Plicht Johannes van der
Published: January 2015

The site of Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria offers a superb stratified sequence passing from the aceramic (pre-pottery) to pottery-using Neolithic around 7000 BC. Surprisingly the first pottery arrives fully developed with mineral tempering, burnishing and stripey decoration in painted slip. The expected, more experimental-looking, plant-tempered coarse wares shaped by baskets arrive about 300 years later. Did the first ceramic impetus come from elsewhere?
A Lady of York: migration, ethnicity and identity in Roman Britain
Authors: Leach S. , Eckardt H. , Chenery C. , Müldner G. , Lewis M.
Published: January 2015

Modern methods of analysis applied to cemeteries have often been used in our pages to suggest generalities about mobility and diet. But these same techniques applied to a single individual, together with the grave goods and burial rite, can open a special kind of personal window on the past. Here, the authors of a multidisciplinary project use a combination of scientific techniques to illuminate Roman York, and later Roman history in general, with their image of a glamorous mixed-race woman, in touch with Africa, Christianity, Rome and Yorkshire.
Identifying low-level food producers: detecting mobility from lithics
Authors: Holdaway Simon , Wendrich Willeke , Phillipps Rebecca
Published: January 2015

The existence of low-level food producers, neither wholly hunter-gatherers nor wholly agriculturalists, is predicted but hard to prove. Here the authors use lithics, the one ubiquitous common indicator, to show how the detection of missing flakes can indicate degrees of mobility, while mobility in turn shows how people coped with the unpredictable appearance of food resources. In Australia, they were opportunists, armed with a ready cutting edge. In the Fayum, they had less far to go, but still roamed.
An investigation of Etruscan cremations by Computed Tomography (CT)
Authors: Minozzi Simona , Giuffra Valentina , Bagnoli Jasmine , Paribeni Emanuela , Giustini Davide , Caramella Davide , Fornaciari Gino
Published: January 2015

The cremation urn is a tiny archaeological site of its own, with finds, features, stratification and structure. The old prescription was to take the pot apart, or slice it, and micro-excavate with inevitable damage and loss. Here is a new methodology – the application of a CT scan as used in medicine. The authors evaluate the results on 35 Etruscan cremations, finding that CT not only provides an excellent guide for micro-excavation, but allows the degree of fragmentation to be appreciated inside the pot and maps those metal objects that have corroded to a crust and do not survive excavation. They emphasise the value of the method in making a ‘first resort’ primary record especially in commercial archaeology.
Unlocking historic landscapes in the Eastern Mediterranean: two pilot studies using Historic Landscape Characterisation
Authors: Turner Sam , Crow Jim
Published: January 2015

Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) maps landscape with particular reference to its historic character and development. Executed using sources including satellite imagery and aerial photography and presented in a Geographic Information System (GIS), this offers a powerful insight into a landscape story. Here two leading advocates of the approach apply HLC for the first time to historic landscapes in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Great Men in the jungle of nations
Authors: James N.
Published: January 2015

Moctezuma, Aztec ruler was the last of four big temporary exhibitions about ‘world rulers’ that the British Museum has put on in the past three years. Moctezuma was the king who received Cortés and the Conquistadores in 1519 and was killed the next year in their custody. The previous three exhibitions were on the First Emperor of China, the Roman Emperor, Hadrian, and Shah ‘Abbas, respectively. Hadrian and The First Emperor were archaeological (James 2008a, 2008c). So was Moctezuma. It ran from September 2009 to January 2010.

Kingship is evidently in vogue among London’s galleries. During The First Emperor’s showing, Tutankhamun entertained on the other side of the river (James 2008b); and the Victoria & Albert Museum mounted Maharaja during Moctezuma’s run. There are good reasons for thinking about kings in any society, regardless of political constitution, because, in their coronations, their deeds and their deaths or funerals, they are ‘collective representations’. Whether as heroes or as scapegoats, democracies tend to promote ‘celebrities’ by the same token and, as well as governing, perhaps monarchs, ancient or contemporary, served and serve that function too. Historians, sociologists and anthropologists have tackled these themes through comparison and so have archaeologists, with epigraphy, iconography and the excavation of palaces and tombs (Blanton et al. 1996; Quigley 2005).
New light on Neolithic revolution in south-west Asia
Authors: Watkins Trevor
Published: January 2015

Shortly after his retirement from a distinguished career in the Department of Archaeology at Edinburgh, the author gave the Rhind Lectures for 2009, bringing together his thoughts about the Neolithic revolution, and comparing Childe's ideas with today's. These lectures, summarised here, announced the modern vision to a wide audience. It is a reversal of the old: Epipalaeolithic people came together in the first large, permanent communities, to form extensive settlements which only later needed to be fed by farming.
Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Lombard Marlize , Phillipson Laurel
Published: January 2015

The invention of the bow and arrow was a pivotal moment in the human story and its earliest use is a primary quarry of the modern researcher. Since the organic parts of the weapon – wood, bone, cord and feathers – very rarely survive, the deduction that a bow and arrow was in use depends heavily on the examination of certain classes of stone artefacts and their context. Here the authors apply rigorous analytical reasoning to the task, and demonstrate that, conforming to their exacting checklist, is an early assemblage from Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which therefore suggests bow and arrow technology in use there 64 millennia ago.
The earlier Neolithic in Cyprus: recognition and dating of a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A occupation
Authors: Manning Sturt W. , McCartney Carole , Kromer Bernd , Stewart Sarah T.
Published: January 2015

Intensive survey and initial excavations have succeeded in pushing back the Neolithic human occupation of Cyprus to the earlier ninth millennium cal BC. Contemporary with PPNA in the Levant, and with signs of belonging to the same intellectual community, these were not marginalised foragers, but participants in the developing Neolithic project, which was therefore effectively networked over the sea.
Revealing Iberian woodcraft: conserved wooden artefacts from south-east Spain
Authors: Carrión Yolanda , Rosser Pablo
Published: January 2015

Six wells at Tossal de les Basses in Spain captured a large assemblage of Iberian woodworking debris. The authors' analysis distinguishes a wide variety of boxes, handles, staves, pegs and joinery made in different and appropriate types of wood, some – like cypress – imported from some distance away. We have here a glimpse of a sophisticated and little known industry of the fourth century BC.
Mediated diffusion in Iron Age Europe
Authors: James N.
Published: January 2015

Diffusion of Mediterranean traits to central and north-western Europe during the middle Iron Age is a topic well rehearsed now by three generations of archaeologists. The stimulating recent exhibition Golasecca at the Musée d’Archéologie nationale in France, showed that – funds permitting – plenty of scope remains for research.

Elaborately made imports, at for instance the Heuneburg, Vix or Hochdorf, have been interpreted as evidence for how aristocrats adopted Greek and Etruscan styles to reinforce their status and regional power between about 600 and 400 BC. Art historians revealed how their bronzesmiths responded selectively to templates from not only states to the south but also eastern nomads. Archaeologists worked out how goods were brought up the Rhône valley by the enterprising Greeks of Marseille or by the northerners themselves exploiting that colony. The ‘trade’ is thought to have encouraged development of social complexity. More recently, to demonstrate the recipients’ ‘agency’, attention has focused on potters’ responses, adoption of coinage and writing and ‘feasts’ for chiefs to show off ‘prestigious’ exotica to rivals, clients or tributaries. Similar models of trade, ‘appropriation’ and sociopolitical development have been developed for the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age.
DOWRY DEMAND AND HARASSMENT: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN INDIA
Authors: JEYASEELAN VISALAKSHI , KUMAR SHUBA , JEYASEELAN L. , SHANKAR VISWANATHAN , YADAV BIJESH KUMAR , BANGDIWALA SHRIKANT I.
Published: January 2015

The practice of dowry is widespread in India and refers to the payment of cash/gifts by the bride's family to the bridegroom's family before marriage. Though prohibited by law, dowry is widely practised, and often contributes to severe injuries and even death of young brides. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for dowry demand and dowry harassment and its psychosocial correlates across different social strata in India, and also by husband and mother-in-law characteristics. In a cross-sectional survey of 9938 women in rural, urban and urban non-slum sites across India conducted in 1998–99, dowry demand was found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) in the urban non-slum and rural areas (26% and 23% respectively) than in urban slum areas (18%). Overall, 17% of groom's families were not satisfied with the dowry, this being higher in rural areas (21%) than in urban slum and non-slum areas (about 14% in both). The overall prevalence of dowry harassment among this group of women was 13.3%. Mothers-in-law who had themselves experienced dowry demand were 14 (95% CI 5.0–40.4) and 5 (95% CI 1.3–18.9) times more likely to demand and harass daughters-in-law over dowry, respectively. Another significant risk factor for dowry-related harassment was mother-in law's status in the family. Interventions related to modifiable risk factors, such as increased social support at the community level, should help reduce dowry harassment.
Approaches to influencing food choice across the age groups: from children to the elderly
Authors: Mercer Julian G. , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Halford Jason C. G.
Published: January 2015

Nutrition across the lifespan encompasses both preventative and treatment options to maintain health and vitality. This review will focus on the challenge of overconsumption of energy relative to energy expenditure and the consequent development of overweight and obesity, since they are responsible for much of the burden of chronic disease in the developed world. Understanding the mechanisms of hunger and satiety and how particular foodstuffs and nutrients affect appetite and motivation to eat is important for evidence-based interventions to achieve weight control and design of community-wide dietary strategies that reach across the lifespan. Food reformulation for appetite control and weight management requires a knowledge of the mechanisms of hunger and satiety, how food interacts with peripheral and central regulatory systems, and how these interactions change across the lifecourse, allied to the technical capability to generate, evaluate and develop new ingredients and foods with enhanced biological potency based on these mechanisms. Two European Union-funded research projects, Full4Health and SATIN, are adopting these complementary approaches. These research projects straddle the sometimes conflicted ground between justifiable public health concerns on the one hand and the food and drink industry on the other. These multi-disciplinary projects pull together expertise in nutrition, neuroimaging, psychology and food technology that combines with food industry partners to maximise expected impact of the research. Better knowledge of mechanisms regulating hunger/satiety will lead to evidence base for preventive strategies for the European population, to reduction of chronic disease burden and to increased competitiveness of European food industry through the development of new food products.
Prediction of Length-of-day Using Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Lei Yu , Guo Min , Cai Hongbing , Hu Dandan , Zhao Danning
Published: January 2015

The predictions of Length-Of-Day (LOD) are studied by means of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). The EOP C04 time-series with daily values from the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) serve as the data basis. Firstly, well known effects that can be described by functional models, for example effects of the solid Earth and ocean tides or seasonal atmospheric variations, are removed a priori from the C04 time-series. Only the differences between the modelled and actual LOD, i.e. the irregular and quasi-periodic variations, are employed for training and prediction. Different input patterns are discussed and compared so as to optimise the GPR model. The optimal patterns have been found in terms of the prediction accuracy and efficiency, which conduct the multi-step ahead predictions utilising the formerly predicted values as inputs. Finally, the results of the predictions are analysed and compared with those obtained by other prediction methods. It is shown that the accuracy of the predictions are comparable with that of other prediction methods. The developed method is easy to use.
Univalent categories and the Rezk completion
Authors: AHRENS BENEDIKT , KAPULKIN KRZYSZTOF , SHULMAN MICHAEL
Published: January 2015

We develop category theory within Univalent Foundations, which is a foundational system for mathematics based on a homotopical interpretation of dependent type theory. In this system, we propose a definition of ‘category’ for which equality and equivalence of categories agree. Such categories satisfy a version of the univalence axiom, saying that the type of isomorphisms between any two objects is equivalent to the identity type between these objects; we call them ‘saturated’ or ‘univalent’ categories. Moreover, we show that any category is weakly equivalent to a univalent one in a universal way. In homotopical and higher-categorical semantics, this construction corresponds to a truncated version of the Rezk completion for Segal spaces, and also to the stack completion of a prestack.
The Soviet Bloc's Answer to European Integration: Catholic Anti-Germanism and the Polish Project of a ‘Catholic-Socialist’ International
Authors: KOSICKI PIOTR H.
Published: January 2015

This article explores an attempt by one Polish organisation – known until 1952 by the name of its weekly journal Dziś i Jutro, thereafter as PAX – to assemble a ‘Catholic-socialist’ international in the decade following the Second World War. This transnational project was predicated on co-operation across the Iron Curtain by Catholic thinkers and activists opposed to the rearmament and incorporation of (West) Germany into an integrated European community. The project's author Wojciech Kętrzyński deployed a discourse of protecting the ‘human person’ based on the prioritisation of global peace. Polish encounters with francophone Catholic activists from across Western Europe – especially with the French journal Esprit – bred serious intellectual engagement across the Iron Curtain at the level of Catholic philosophy and theology. Paradoxically, however, these activists accepted that the dignity of the human person would be best served by transnational anti-Germanism, at the price of complicity with – or outright participation in – Stalinism. The self-styled Catholic-socialist project thus failed, yet, surprisingly, it failed neither immediately nor completely. It thus reveals that possibilities existed throughout the cold war – even at the height of Soviet-bloc Stalinism – for intellectual, cultural and political exchanges and partnerships across the Iron Curtain.
Claiming Ethnic Privilege: Aromanian Immigrants and Romanian Fascist Politics
Authors: CLARK ROLAND
Published: January 2015

Large numbers of Aromanian immigrants in Southern Dobruja joined the fascist Legion of the Archangel Michael during the early 1930s. Deterritorialised by population transfers and state-building in Greek Macedonia, they reterritorialised themselves as ethnic Romanians ‘coming home’ to colonise Southern Dobruja. This article situates the Aromanian turn to fascist politics within the problems they faced during migration. It argues that Aromanians used fascism to assert their identities as Romanians and to claim ethnic privileges that had been denied them as immigrants.
How Udo Wanted to Save the World in ‘Erich's Lamp Shop’: Lindenberg's Concert in Honecker's East Berlin, the NATO Double-Track Decision and Communist Economic Woes
Authors: LÜTHI LORENZ M.
Published: January 2015

The concert given by the West German rock star Udo Lindenberg in East Berlin on 25 October 1983 links cultural, political, diplomatic and economic history. The East German regime had banned performances by the anti-nuclear peace activist and musician since the 1970s, but eventually allowed a concert, hoping to prevent the deployment of American nuclear missiles in West Germany. In allowing this event, however, East Germany neither prevented the implementation of the NATO double-track decision of 1979 nor succeeded in controlling the political messages of the impertinent musician. Desperate for economic aid from the West, East Germany decided to cancel a promised Lindenberg tour in 1984, causing widespread disillusionment among his fans in the country.
The Othered Irish: Shades of Difference in Post-War Britain, 1948–71
Authors: CORBALLY JOHN
Published: January 2015

The main goal of this paper is to consider white Irish immigrants within the context of immigration of colour in post-war Britain. It considers the similarities in the imperial-historical reasons for the immigration of mostly poor rural workers from the West Indies, South Asia and Ireland. The discussion explores the experiences of both white and non-white immigrants in London and Birmingham up to 1971, comparing all three groups but focusing on Irish immigrants. I aim to append the Irish experience to analyses of post-war immigration, which tend to focus on non-white Commonwealth immigrants from the West Indies and South Asia. By exploring the Irish experience, I question existing scholarship which suggests Irish immigrants assimilated into post-war Britain free of the ethnic tensions and difficult conditions that migrants of colour indisputably endured. I also demonstrate the degree to which British historians have disregarded the experiences of Irish people in Britain.
Recent Studies on the 1989 Revolutions in Eastern Europe and on the Demise of the Soviet Union
Authors: PAVLENKO OL´GA , RUGGENTHALER PETER
Published: January 2015

Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate? What made the 1989 revolutions in ‘Eastern Europe’ possible and why were they not crushed? What appeared as the logical consequence of Gorbachev's perestroika to many observers at the time – and has indeed been painted as such by quite a few historians – turns out on closer inspection to have been far more complex.
A meta-analysis of re-treatment for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Guiying , Huang Yaqian , Chen Stella , Du Junbao , Jin Hongfang
Published: January 2015

Objective

To determine the optimal drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease.

Methods

Studies regarding drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease were selected from medical electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Springer Link. The effectiveness in terms of temperature recovery and coronary artery damage was compared between a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and glucocorticosteroid treatment for children with intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease using meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3 software. Indices to evaluate the effects were body temperature, biomarker levels, and coronary artery lesions detected by echocardiography. Results are reported as relative risks or odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05.

Results

Meta-analysis included 52 patients in the second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment group and 75 patients in the glucocorticosteroid treatment control group from four studies that met our inclusion criteria. Temperatures of patients who received glucocorticosteroid treatment were effectively controlled compared with those who received a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (relative risk=0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.92, p=0.007). There were no differences, however, in the incidence of coronary artery lesions between the two groups (odds ratio=1.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–4.20, p=0.39).

Conclusions

Glucocorticosteroids are more effective in controlling body temperature compared with intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment in intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease children; however, glucocorticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment showed no difference in the prevention of coronary artery lesions.
Exploring the Role of Mental Imagery in the Experience of Self-injury: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Dargan Peter , Reid Graeme , Hodge Suzanne
Published: January 2015

Background:Research has implicated causal, mediating and meaningful roles for mental imagery in the experience of psychological distress, including self-injury.Aims:The present study aimed to further the understanding of this relationship through exploring the lived experiences of mental imagery from the perspective of those who self-injure.Method:This study employed an inductive qualitative design using semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Ten participants were recruited from universities in North West England.Results:Three main themes were identified from the analysis: (i) The origins and precipitants of self-injurious imagery; (ii) What it is like to experience self-injurious imagery; and (iii) The meaning and interpretation of self-injurious imagery.Conclusions:The study findings indicate that mental imagery is an important experience for those who self-injure. Clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.
Using both principal component analysis and reduced rank regression to study dietary patterns and diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Batis Carolina , Mendez Michelle A , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Adair Linda , Popkin Barry
Published: January 2015

Objective

We examined the association between dietary patterns and diabetes using the strengths of two methods: principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the eating patterns of the population and reduced rank regression (RRR) to derive a pattern that explains the variation in glycated Hb (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting glucose.

Design

We measured diet over a 3 d period with 24 h recalls and a household food inventory in 2006 and used it to derive PCA and RRR dietary patterns. The outcomes were measured in 2009.

Setting

Adults (n 4316) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Results

The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes prevalence (HbA1c≥6·5 %), comparing the highest dietary pattern score quartile with the lowest, was 1·26 (95 % CI 0·76, 2·08) for a modern high-wheat pattern (PCA; wheat products, fruits, eggs, milk, instant noodles and frozen dumplings), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·17) for a traditional southern pattern (PCA; rice, meat, poultry and fish) and 2·37 (95 % CI 1·56, 3·60) for the pattern derived with RRR. By comparing the dietary pattern structures of RRR and PCA, we found that the RRR pattern was also behaviourally meaningful. It combined the deleterious effects of the modern high-wheat pattern (high intakes of wheat buns and breads, deep-fried wheat and soya milk) with the deleterious effects of consuming the opposite of the traditional southern pattern (low intakes of rice, poultry and game, fish and seafood).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that using both PCA and RRR provided useful insights when studying the association of dietary patterns with diabetes.
THE NUMBER OF PROFINITE GROUPS WITH A SPECIFIED SYLOW SUBGROUP
Authors: REID COLIN D.
Published: January 2015

Let$S$be a finitely generated pro-$p$group. Let${\mathcal{E}}_{p^{\prime }}(S)$be the class of profinite groups$G$that have$S$as a Sylow subgroup, and such that$S$intersects nontrivially with every nontrivial normal subgroup of$G$. In this paper, we investigate whether or not there is a bound on$|G:S|$for$G\in {\mathcal{E}}_{p^{\prime }}(S)$. For instance, we give an example where${\mathcal{E}}_{p^{\prime }}(S)$contains an infinite ascending chain of soluble groups, and on the other hand show that$|G:S|$is bounded in the case where$S$is just infinite.
The effect of silver sulfadiazine and zinc oxide creams on dose distribution during radiotherapy.
Authors: Fackrell D. , Kirby D. , Sanghera P. , Hartley A.
Published: January 2015

Introduction

The use of metallic containing creams to prevent and treat radiodermatitis is controversial and lacking evidence base. We compare the dose effect of two metallic-based skin creams, which could be used for treating radiodermatitis, to a control.

Methodology

Universal containers of silver sulfadiazine cream, zinc oxide cream and aqueous cream were examined using a computed tomography scanner to assess their electron densities relative to water. Second, each cream was exposed to 100 kV and 6 MV photons. The relative doses were measured using an X-ray chamber.

Results

The relative electron density measured was similar for the silver sulfadiazine and aqueous creams. Zinc oxide was 40% higher. The relative dose measurements showed that silver sulfadiazine behaved in a similar way to aqueous cream; however, zinc oxide cream exhibited a dose difference of 11·0% in kV photons and −4·1% in MV photons.

Conclusion

Application of silver sulfadiazine appears unlikely to bring about significant changes in the dose distribution when compared with aqueous during MV or kV radiotherapy. While zinc oxide cream brought about more significant dose changes.
Shared Decision Making in Pediatrics: A Pilot and Feasibility Project
Authors: Bejarano Carolina , Fuzzell Lindsay , Clay Catharine , Leonard Sharon , Shirley Eric , Wysocki Tim
Published: January 2015

Shared decision making (SDM), which accommodates patient preferences and values in making decisions about their care, has been used extensively in adult health care, but less so in pediatrics. SDM in pediatrics differs since parents’ involvement in decision making changes as children mature and become increasingly capable of informed decision making. This pilot and feasibility study evaluated an SDM approach to 2 pediatric treatment decisions: allergen immunotherapy for children with environmental allergies and spinal fusion surgery for children with scoliosis (curved spine) as a result of severe neuromuscular conditions. Fifteen patients with environmental allergies and 11 with neuromuscular scoliosis participated along with their parents. Families reviewed carefully constructed decision aids for the respective conditions, which were designed to enhance the quality of their decision making, provide information about the options and outcomes, and help clarify their personal values and preferences. Pre–post comparisons indicated significant increases in parental knowledge of treatment information for their child’s condition. Additional measures indicated high satisfaction with the SDM intervention and better decision quality (alignment of values and choice) for both conditions. Clinicians were also highly satisfied with the intervention. Exploratory findings suggested better engagement with allergen immunotherapy for children who experienced SDM relative to similar patients who did not. Completion of follow-up measures was poor, especially among those who decided against the treatment option under consideration. The results support the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of SDM in pediatrics. Future approaches to increasing retention and maximizing effectiveness of SDM interventions in pediatrics are discussed.
Novel variation and de novo mutation rates in population-wide de novo assembled Danish trios
Authors: Besenbacher Søren , Liu Siyang , Izarzugaza José M. G. , Grove Jakob , Belling Kirstine , Bork-Jensen Jette , Huang Shujia , Als Thomas D. , Li Shengting , Yadav Rachita , Rubio-García Arcadio , Lescai Francesco , Demontis Ditte , Rao Junhua , Ye Weijian , Mailund Thomas , Friborg Rune M. , Pedersen Christian N. S. , Xu Ruiqi , Sun Jihua , Liu Hao , Wang Ou , Cheng Xiaofang , Flores David , Rydza Emil , Rapacki Kristoffer , Damm Sørensen John , Chmura Piotr , Westergaard David , Dworzynski Piotr , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Lund Ole , Hansen Torben , Xu Xun , Li Ning , Bolund Lars , Pedersen Oluf , Eiberg Hans , Krogh Anders , Børglum Anders D. , Brunak Søren , Kristiansen Karsten , Schierup Mikkel H. , Wang Jun , Gupta Ramneek , Villesen Palle , Rasmussen Simon
Published: January 2015

Building a population-specific catalogue of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels and structural variants (SVs) with frequencies, termed a national pan-genome, is critical for further advancing clinical and public health genetics in large cohorts. Here we report a Danish pan-genome obtained from sequencing 10 trios to high depth (50 × ). We report 536k novel SNVs and 283k novel short indels from mapping approaches and develop a population-wide de novo assembly approach to identify 132k novel indels larger than 10 nucleotides with low false discovery rates. We identify a higher proportion of indels and SVs than previous efforts showing the merits of high coverage and de novo assembly approaches. In addition, we use trio information to identify de novo mutations and use a probabilistic method to provide direct estimates of 1.27e−8 and 1.5e−9 per nucleotide per generation for SNVs and indels, respectively.
Human-to-mosquito transmission efficiency increases as malaria is controlled
Authors: Churcher Thomas S. , Trape Jean-François , Cohuet Anna
Published: January 2015

The efficiency of malaria transmission between human and mosquito has been shown to be influenced by many factors in the laboratory, although their impact in the field and how this changes with disease endemicity are unknown. Here we estimate how human–mosquito transmission changed as malaria was controlled in Dielmo, Senegal. Mathematical models were fit to data collected between 1990 and the start of vector control in 2008. Results show that asexual parasite slide prevalence in humans has reduced from 70 to 20%, but that the proportion of infectious mosquitoes has remained roughly constant. Evidence suggests that this is due to an increase in transmission efficiency caused by a rise in gametocyte densities, although the uneven distribution of mosquito bites between hosts could also contribute. The resilience of mosquito infection to changes in endemicity will have important implications for planning disease control, and the development and deployment of transmission-reducing interventions.
A high resolution 7-Tesla resting-state fMRI test-retest dataset with cognitive and physiological measures
Authors: Gorgolewski Krzysztof J , Mendes Natacha , Wilfling Domenica , Wladimirow Elisabeth , Gauthier Claudine J , Bonnen Tyler , Ruby Florence J.M , Trampel Robert , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Cozatl Roberto , Smallwood Jonathan , Margulies Daniel S
Published: January 2015

Here we present a test-retest dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired at rest. 22 participants were scanned during two sessions spaced one week apart. Each session includes two 1.5 mm isotropic whole-brain scans and one 0.75 mm isotropic scan of the prefrontal cortex, giving a total of six time-points. Additionally, the dataset includes measures of mood, sustained attention, blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and the content of self-generated thoughts (mind wandering). This data enables the investigation of sources of both intra- and inter-session variability not only limited to physiological changes, but also including alterations in cognitive and affective states, at high spatial resolution. The dataset is accompanied by a detailed experimental protocol and source code of all stimuli used.