bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Unresolved Sources to Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Plane
Authors: He Jiayin , Zeng Houdun , Zhang Yi , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Rui , Li Jun
Published: January 2025

The diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way serves as a crucial probe for understanding the propagation and interactions of cosmic rays within our Galaxy. The Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 10 TeV and 1 PeV has been recently measured by the square kilometer array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The flux is higher than predicted for cosmic rays interacting with the interstellar medium. In this work, we utilize a nonparametric method to derive the source count distribution using the published first LHAASO source catalog. Based on this distribution, we calculate the contribution of unresolved sources to the diffuse emission measured by KM2A. When comparing our results to the measured diffuse gamma-ray emission, we demonstrate that for the outer Galactic region, the contributions from unresolved sources and those predicted by models are roughly consistent with the observations within the uncertainties. However, for the inner Galactic region, additional components are required to account for the observed data.
A Coscaling Grid for Athena++. II. Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Heitsch Fabian , Habegger Roark
Published: January 2025

We extend the coscaling formalism of Habegger & Heitsch implemented in Athena++ to magnetohydrodynamics. The formalism relies on flow symmetries in astrophysical problems involving expansion, contraction, and center-of-mass motion. The formalism is fully consistent with the upwind constrained transport method implemented in Athena++ and is accurate to second order in space. Applying our implementation to standard magnetohydrodynamic test cases leads to improved results and higher efficiency, compared to the fixed-grid solutions.
Reading a Reader’s Marks in Folger Folio 68: Which Lines? What for? (Or a Study in Frustration)
Authors: Coatalen Guillaume
Published: January 2025

The contribution seeks to interpret the anonymous marks left by a reader in Folger Shakespeare Library’s Folio 68. By examining the variety of the marks themselves and the extracts they point to, it offers a few hypotheses on the rationale of the choices, their date, and the reader’s identity. Commonplacing is one probable reason why the lines were singled out and the extracts seem to have been chosen according to two combined criteria, stylistic and moral. An appendix identifies every extract as a helpful tool for further research on the first folio’s early reception.
Hidden Gems: The Watermarks of the First Folio
Authors: Hansen-Morse Lara
Published: January 2025

The Shakespeare First Folio offers a unique opportunity for watermark analysis, with folio-format books allowing for clear visibility of watermarks in the center of leaves. This article highlights the variants of watermarks found on the crown paper used to print the First Folio. The findings in this article are one result of the bibliographic research published in Eric Rasmussen and Anthony West’s The Shakespeare First Folios: A Descriptive Catalogue. Seeing thousands of watermarks for nearly every day for weeks and months, it became apparent that the shapes of each watermark were not static, rather they appear distorted which indicates various forms of the same watermark and not a distinctly different one. By grouping similarly shaped watermarks, this article asserts that the distinct groupings illustrate distinct suppliers of crown paper used in the Jaggards’ print shop. The presence of signatures with non-marked paper might represent another supplier. Bibliographic studies like this provide an insight into early modern publishing and print house practices.
L’apport des cahiers du petit cabotage à la connaissance du commerce et de la navigation de Marseille à la fin du xviiie siècle
Authors: Marzagalli Silvia
Published: January 2025

Cet article présente une source jusqu’ici sous-exploitée : les cahiers du petit cabotage. Conservés à partir de 1785, ils sont produits par le bureau de la Santé de Marseille en parallèle des registres des dépositions des capitaines. La logique qui préside à leur confection n’est pas immédiatement évidente : elle n’est ni purement géographique, ni uniquement liée aux produits transportés, ou au pavillon du navire. La saisie de deux années des cahiers du petit cabotage dans une base de données enrichie de métadonnées, réalisée dans le cadre du programme ANR Portic, permet d’éclaircir un peu les choses en croisant les variables et en testant les différentes hypothèses. Au total, les cahiers enrichissent singulièrement notre perception de la navigation de Marseille à la veille de la Révolution : les trois quarts des navires entrés dans le port phocéen viennent d’une aire comprise entre Valence et Naples, qui inclut aussi les Baléares, la Corse et la Sardaigne.
Les dépositions des capitaines de navires à l’intendance de la Santé de Marseille en 1779 : une source au service de l’étude de la navigation en temps de guerre
Authors: Bidard Xavier
Published: January 2025

L’intendance de la Santé du port de Marseille a pour but de protéger la ville et par extension le royaume de France de l’introduction de maladies contagieuses. Le bureau recueille les dépositions des capitaines de navires lors de leur entrée au port, où ceux-ci relatent leur traversée jusqu’à Marseille. Ces dépositions, consignées dans les registres de l’institution, regorgent d’informations dépassant le simple cadre sanitaire. Leur contenu, saisi dans des bases de données relationnelles, se révèle particulièrement utile pour l’étude de la navigation et du commerce. Les dépositions deviennent ainsi, en quelque sorte, des « boîtes noires » de la navigation vers Marseille qui permettent d’étudier le commerce et la navigation en temps de guerre et les stratégies déployées alors pour maintenir les trafics maritimes.
De nouveaux habits pour les Négociants marseillais ? Le programme Fiduciae, la maison Roux et les négoces européens (vers 1730 - vers 1850)
Authors: Bartolomei Arnaud
Published: January 2025

En 1973, Charles Carrière publiait Négociants marseillais, une œuvre majeure appelée à fixer durablement la perception que les historiens et les historiennes ont eue des négoces maritimes à l’époque moderne. Cet article est l’occasion de revenir sur l’œuvre du grand historien provençal (qui ne se limite pas à ce seul ouvrage), sur sa portée et sur son apport sans cesse renouvelé à la réflexion historique actuelle. Il est aussi l’occasion, en se fondant sur un jeu de données inédites collectées dans le cadre du programme de recherche Fiduciae de suggérer certains dépassements des thèses défendues par Charles Carrière sur trois points plus précisément : le caractère « mondial » du commerce marseillais, le caractère élitiste des pratiques marchandes de ses négociants et l’importance de la rupture de 1793 dans l’histoire commerciale de la ville. En quelque sorte, cet article propose ainsi de nouveaux habits pour les Négociants marseillais.
Nouveau regard sur la maison Roux au xviiie siècle. Les beaux fruits du dialogue entre les sources marseillaises et hollandaises
Authors: Allain Thierry
Published: January 2025

Puissante maison de commerce, les Roux de Marseille nous ont légué de remarquables archives qui ont nourri de nombreux travaux sur l’histoire commerciale de la Méditerranée au xviiie siècle. Il est cependant nécessaire de confronter ces sources à d’autres fonds, si l’on veut saisir les opérations négociantes dans leur globalité. Dans le cas des relations commerciales avec les Provinces-Unies, la mobilisation de documents conservés aux Pays-Bas permet de préciser le contenu des archives marseillaises, voire d’en combler les lacunes. La maison Roux oscilla entre commission et compte à participation, au gré de la conjoncture et du type de produit à traiter avec les Hollandais. Bien que dotée d’une bonne réputation, elle ne parvint pas toujours à imposer sa volonté aux partenaires d’Amsterdam ou de Rotterdam qui n’hésitaient jamais à lui faire sentir leur supériorité financière, technique ou morale.
Marseille dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle, entrepôt des denrées coloniales américaines pour les ports italiens
Authors: Calcagno Paolo
Published: January 2025

Au début du xviiie siècle, notamment en vertu des lettres patentes qui autorisent les relations commerciales directes avec les îles d’Amérique, Marseille connaît un développement considérable. Le port « mondial » (C. Carrière) ne peut cependant se passer de la Méditerranée, dans le sens où les principaux acheteurs des marchandises américaines sont toujours basés à l’intérieur de Mare nostrum. Quantitativement, les deux principaux marchés qui absorbent les produits des Antilles sont le Levant et la péninsule Italienne. Et tandis que le premier marché connaît un déclin dans la dernière partie du siècle, le second, quant à lui, s’adapte à l’expansion du trafic portuaire de Marseille et absorbe la part la plus substantielle des marchandises en provenance de l’Amérique française. En analysant les données des expéditions de sucre, de café et de cacao pendant la période de paix entre la guerre de Sept Ans et la guerre d’Indépendance américaine, l’article montre le rôle fondamental de la péninsule italienne dans les stratégies commerciales du port marseillais.
« La femme, quand elle parle de choses qu’elle a éprouvées et qu’elle ressent, a des mots d’une plus grande efficacité ». Niccolò Tommaseo et les femmes qui écrivent
Authors: Gendrat-Claudel Aurélie
Published: January 2025

Après avoir rappelé le cadre idéologique et historique dans lequel s’inscrit la réflexion de Niccolò Tommaseo sur la condition et l’éducation des femmes, analysable surtout dans La donna (1868), l’article se penche sur un ouvrage assez peu étudié, le Dizionario estetico, paru pour la première fois en 1840, dans lequel Tommaseo cite plusieurs écrivaines. Il s’agit de s’intéresser à la fois aux stratégies de promotion de certaines figures féminines, italiennes ou européennes, mais aussi d’analyser les tensions qui traversent le discours critique d’une figure d’autorité masculine comme Tommaseo quand il aborde la production intellectuelle et littéraire des femmes du passé (comme Vittoria Colonna), mais aussi et surtout de son époque (d’Angela Veronese à Caterina Percoto, en passant par Diodata Saluzzo et George Sand) : le mélange de l’admiration et du paternalisme suggère que l’intérêt réel pour les écrivaines n’empêche pas d’assigner à leur parole des bornes infranchissables au nom de stéréotypes de genre.
Une histoire des paysages littoraux. La baie des Anges depuis la fin de la dernière glaciation
Authors: Sivan Olivier , Guillon Sébastien , Guériel Frédéric
Published: January 2025

À partir de carottages systématiques pratiqués dans les plaines alluviales autour de la baie des Anges, de datations carbone 14 et archéologiques, il est possible de décrire l’évolution des paysages littoraux en quatre étapes principales. Aux environs de 20 000 avant notre ère, la baie des Anges présente une végétation de steppe froide et le niveau marin est bas. Entre 16 000 et 6 500, ce dernier s’élève et les premières forêts héliophiles se développent. Au Néolithique, les vitesses de remontée marine se réduisent et les premières plaines alluviales se forment, progressivement anthropisées. Enfin, entre 4000 avant notre ère et aujourd’hui, la ligne de rivage et les basses plaines alluviales se stabilisent tandis que la végétation s’anthropise totalement. L’analyse nous fait apparaître la complexité des paramètres naturels et anthropiques qui régissent l’évolution des paysages littoraux et nous fournit une première image des liens unissant sociétés et environnement dans la baie des Anges et sa région.
Environnement, exploitation, échanges dans l’Antiquité en Charente-Maritime. Le site du Fâ à Barzan dans son contexte littoral
Authors: Tranoy Laurence
Published: January 2025

Le site du Fâ est situé sur la commune de Barzan en Charente-Maritime. Fouillé depuis une vingtaine d’années, il a révélé une occupation protohistorique continue et très importante du VIe s. avant notre ère jusqu’à la conquête romaine. À l’époque romaine, le Fâ se transforme progressivement en une ville dotée d’une parure monumentale et couvrant une superficie de 40 ha. Le site revêt un rôle commercial très important comme en témoignent les découvertes d’une série de vastes aménagements portuaires et d’une voie reliant l’agglomération au chef-lieu de cité des Santons, Saintes. Le Fâ s’intègre ainsi dans un grand réseau d’échanges tourné vers l’océan dont les dynamiques sont l’objet d’un PCR.
Le port antique de Forum Iulii. Découverte d’une jetée à l’extrémité est du quai méridional
Authors: Georges Karine , Michel Jean-Marie , Sivan Olivier , Dufraigne Jean-Jacques , Excoffon Pierre
Published: January 2025

Forum Iulii, l’antique Fréjus, est fondée par Jules César en 49 avant notre ère. Le bassin portuaire de la ville couvre une superficie de 11 ha, ce qui en fait l’un des plus vastes de Méditerranée. Les récentes opérations archéologiques menées sur le pourtour du bassin ont livré d’importants vestiges d’infrastructures portuaires et de nombreuses informations relatives à l’évolution du niveau marin antique. A l’extrémité est du quai méridional, une jetée du port antique a ainsi été mise au jour et un niveau marin biologique a pu être mis en évidence. Un référentiel stratigraphique a été établi, permettant de retracer l’évolution de ce secteur de la ville jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine. Dès la fin du Ier siècle de notre ère, sous l’influence des apports détritiques de l’Argens, la côte rocheuse forojulienne est enfouie sous 1,5 m de sables côtiers. Deux siècles après la fondation de la ville, la plage prograde de 200 m vers le sud. L’abandon du port romain, progressivement ensablé, intervient au milieu du VIIe siècle.
Using AI to Combat Sexism Among Facebook Shona Users in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chakabwata William
Published: January 2025

The chapter interrogated sexism and misogyny which is displayed against women on Facebook in Zimbabwe. The hostile engagements tend to close space for women on such key social media platforms which is vital for building social networks, for business engagements and for learning. This exclusion of women for fear of being harassed leads to further marginalization of women in politics, business and education. A case study of China is submitted as a country that monitors social media in both ex -ante and ex- post. The chapter uses ambivalent sexism theory, decolonial theory, deconstruction theory and postcolonial theory. The chapter postulates the use of Artificial Intelligence to control the profanity that is directed against women and people of other sexualities. The chapter also reviewed the international, continental and regional framework that supports gender equality.
Cyber AI Trends
Authors: Rahman Mir Mehedi , Hossain Sazzad , Bhusal Bishnu , Kshetri Naresh
Published: January 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is opening new paths in the detection and prevention of cyberbullying. As we know, AI is shaping and improving the future of cyber, industry, automation, manufacturing, healthcare etc. with challenges of privacy concerns, job losses issues, and increased rules. This chapter explores future trends in AI-driven tools designed to reduce online bullying including various cybercrime across social media platforms, messaging apps, and other digital platforms. Ethical concerns like security and privacy, fairness, and avoiding bias are also discussed, aiming to ensure that AI tools are used responsibly and transparently. By combining technical advancements with an understanding of social impact, this chapter presents a vision for AI systems that create safer, more supportive online spaces. The chapter highlights the potential of generative AI to shape digital environments that are inclusive, resilient, and protective, fostering healthier interactions for everyone involved with the future scope of the study.
Enhancing Decision-Making Effective Communication of Human Capital Analytics Insights
Authors: Gowrishankkar V. , Shanmugam Vidhya , Jagajeevan R. , Muthukumar E. , Vaishnavi D. , Jomit C. P. , Kalimuthu M.
Published: January 2025

Organizations may now make educated decisions by using human capital analytics to glean important insights from their personnel data. However, how effectively these insights are conveyed to decision-makers will determine how useful they are. This review article examines the crucial significance of properly conveying insights from human capital analytics and offers helpful advice to improve this communication process. The paper begins by highlighting the need to understand the audience and adapting communication methods and language to the level of analytics experience and knowledge of decision-makers. With recommendations on how to portray crucial ideas visually utilizing charts, graphs, and infographics, visual aids are highlighted as effective techniques for concisely conveying complicated information. The study emphasizes how crucial it is for decision-makers to concentrate on the most pertinent and useful information.
Blended Learning
Authors: Sikhwari Matodzi
Published: January 2025

The chapter highlights the challenges educators face in effectively blending traditional and digital approaches to early childhood language education. One of the key difficulties is selecting appropriate digital tools that align with educational goals and developmental needs. Many teachers may struggle to identify tools that not only complement traditional instruction but also enhance learning without overwhelming or distracting young children. The absence of comprehensive strategies and best practices for integrating blended learning compounds this issue, leaving educators uncertain about how to balance the two methods effectively. The chapter emphasizes the need for professional development and training to help teachers navigate the complexities of blended learning environments. This training is essential to ensure that educators are equipped with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about which digital tools to use and how to implement them effectively in the classroom.
Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Corporate Recruitment and Selection Processes
Authors: Briciu Victor Alexandru , Catargiu Andreea Cristina , Briciu Arabela
Published: January 2025

Globalization and technology are forcing organizations to adapt. There is an upward trend in organizations using AI in business. Currently, the hiring process is largely handled by recruiters who review resumes, online profiles, and other sources to find suitable candidates for open positions. Since employees have limited skills, keeping up with all the necessary tasks is not an easy job and usually time-consuming for each recruiter. In Romania, AI represents an opportunity that will help the country's economic development. Although Romania does not have an official plan to use this technology, its implementation in the public sector has been put on the agenda of a newly established institution - the Authority for the Digitization of Romania. This paper looks at how AI affects recruitment and selection processes. It also presents the view of recruiters from a multinational company in Romania on AI adoption, future, and risks. This paper aims to investigate how AI is implemented in the traditional recruitment process and what implications AI has in recruiting many candidates.
Smart and Portable IoT Medication Management and Reminder Systems
Authors: Chaudhari Archana Kedar , Mane Soham , Prasad Mihir , Jadhav Aryan , Jadhav Sharvari , Ahire Shweta
Published: January 2025

Healthcare has become an important part of daily life. Medicine reminders play a major role in day-to-day life, especially for individuals who require regular medication for managing chronic conditions or addressing specific health concerns. Timely medication intake helps prevent emergency situations that may arise from sudden health deterioration due to missed doses. Reminders help mitigate these risks by promoting a consistent medication routine. This research introduces Smart Box, a novel portable IoT-based system designed to combat this issue through intelligent medication reminders.
Data Analytics and Visualization Tools and Applications
Authors: Anandaram Harishchander , Taseen Rakheeba , Yaseen Haseeba , Bhange Anup , M. S. Nidhya
Published: January 2025

Data visualisation allows for the visual representation of data and information. Trends and changes in data may be seen with the use of data visualisation tools and visual data analysis using visual elements. The basic goal of data visualisation is to help people better comprehend and examine data—that is, to comprehend the outcomes of their processing—by transforming it into a visual environment. Humans have the quickest cognitive pathway in the visual canal. This is why visual data is more appealing than text or audio data. It is common for quick data processing, analysis, and presentation to become more important in daily life in this era of digital data overproduction. Processing tools and visual data analysis undergo continual upgrading as a result of the two-way communication between developers, managers, and users. With that in mind, this chapter will examine and contrast the efficiency of the various visual data analysis and visualisation techniques available today.
Human Factors in the Creation and Growth of Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C. , Castañeda-Burciaga Selene , Guirette-Barbosa Omar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the various human factors involved in the different processes of the entrepreneurship ecosystems. The analyses depart from the assumption that that the entrepreneurial ecosystem can be created and defined not only by broad geographies endowed by intentions but dependent of human factors. Th method employed is the meta-analytical supported by the descriptive based on the conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature review. The study concludes that human factors, such as behaviors and traits, values, attitudes and beliefs are relevant for the creation and growth of entrepreneurship ecosystems
CYGNET Enhancing Support for Children With Autism Through Collaborative Engagement
Authors: Vitanidi Avgi
Published: January 2025

The Cygnet program is a structured initiative designed to empower parents and caregivers of children on the autism spectrum. By recognizing parents as the primary experts on their children, the program builds on their experiences while addressing unique challenges. Addressing the critical need for ongoing assistance, we examine parental self-confidence before, shortly after, and long after program completion, revealing that the benefits diminish over time. To enhance the program, we analyze feedback on thematic session content and propose extensions. Additionally, we advocate for the creation of a sibling-based intervention program derived from CYGNET sessions to provide comprehensive support for families. By addressing these challenges and proposing targeted interventions, our research aims to improve parental confidence and child well-being, thereby fostering a more effective support system for families navigating the complexities of ASD. The findings underscore the importance of sustained interventions and tailored programs for diverse family needs.
Sourcing Metaverse for More Customer Engagement
Authors: Hashem Tareq Nael , Albattat Ahmad , Kumar Anuj , El-Taher Sadfa
Published: January 2025

The Metaverse represents a growing field for organizations looking to redefine how they engage with customers in the digital age. Using this feature opens up many opportunities for deep integration and smart marketing. One of the most important forms of communication is creating a visual environment that allows consumers to connect with the brand on their favorite level. Leveraging technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), organizations can create experiences that transcend traditional boundaries and allow customers to explore products, services, and brand messaging in inclusive and inclusive ways. These immersive brand experiences not only capture attention, but also foster emotional connections and drive deeper engagement and brand loyalty.
The Effect of NFTs Metaverse Engagement and Digital Personalization on Brand Accessibility
Authors: Aslam Sumaira , Majeed Muhammad Ussama , Hussain Zahid
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs), Metaverse Engagement (ME), and Digital Personalization (DP) on Brand Accessibility (BA) with a focus on the mediating role of Inclusive Brand Strategies (IBS). Methodology: A total of 256 participants from the Fashion retailing sector participated in the paper. Data analysis using SEM with the SMART-PLS tool using a purposive sampling strategy. Findings: NFTs, Metaverse Engagement and Digital Personalization all Significantly enhance Brand Accessibility. Furthermore, it was discovered that inclusive brand strategies mediate this link highlighting the significance of inclusive strategies in improving brand accessibility. Originality/Value: This paper adds to the growing body of knowledge about brand accessibility in modern technology. It gives brands looking to promote accessibility and inclusion into their online presence beneficial knowledge by looking at the significance of novel technologies and Inclusive tactics.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Resilience in Industry 5.0
Authors: Oyedokun Tunde Toyese , Ishola James Aransiola
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Industry 5.0 significantly enhances resilience among small businesses. This chapter explores how AI transforms resilience, sustainability, and customer engagement strategies. With AI Small businesses can analyze large datasets to identify risks, optimize operations, and deliver personalized experiences that align with consumer expectations. AI's ability to process data efficiently allows businesses to anticipate market changes and navigate uncertainties. Additionally, adopting AI fosters a culture of resilience, encouraging employees to embrace change. AI also supports sustainable practices by optimizing resource use and reducing waste. Customer engagement improves through AI-driven personalization, allowing businesses to tailor products and services to individual preferences. The chapter concludes with recommendations for small businesses: invest in employee training for AI collaboration, ensure leadership commitment, prioritize sustainability, and foster a culture of adaptability to thrive in today's Industry 5.0.
Revolutionizing Education With AI
Authors: Awashreh Raed , Hassiba Almi
Published: January 2025

This book chapter explores how AI can address long-standing limitations in human resource training and development. It demonstrates AI's potential to enhance training through personalization, adaptive learning, progress tracking, and interactive tools, fostering organizational excellence and adaptability. The research examines how AI can support human resource development by analyzing user data, creating personalized content, and optimizing educational pathways. Platforms like Coursera and LinkedIn Learning use AI for course recommendations, while systems like Dream Box adjust content difficulty in real time. AI-powered chatbots and virtual trainers offer timely support, and predictive analytics anticipate future skill needs. Gamification further engages learners with interactive experiences. Overall, AI makes training more personalized and effective, aligning educational outcomes with individual and organizational goals, and recommends ongoing evaluation and refinement of AI-driven training
Impact of Data Privacy and Probable Job Loss in a Technologically Advanced Age in the Hospitality Sector
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2025

In a technologically sophisticated era, this study explores the effects of data privacy worries and probable employment losses in the hospitality industry. Data privacy issues have arisen due to the enormous quantity of personal information gathered from consumers as the hotel sector rapidly integrates technology to expedite operations and improve visitor experiences. To emphasize the difficulties hospitality firms face in protecting customer data while using it to enhance services, this study analyses the effects of data privacy rules and consumer attitudes toward data sharing. The study also investigates the industry's automation and artificial intelligence deployment, which can simplify processes while arousing worries about possible job loss. The results of this study help policymakers, stakeholders in the hotel sector, and employees understand how important it is to strike a balance between technology improvements, data privacy protection, and workforce up-skilling and re-skilling efforts in order to prevent future job loss.
The role of nurses in child abuse situations: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Bomi , Choi Sunyeob
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Nurses play a crucial role in cases of victims of child abuse; however, but there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of their specific roles, responsibilities, and best practices is needed.Methods: This integrative review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the role of nurses in cases of victims of child abuse. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. This review included 12 qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: This review identified the following four themes: nurses’ responsibility, intention to report child abuse, perceptions of child abuse, and risk assessment of child abuse. The findings revealed that nurses play a multifaceted role in child abuse situations. Evidence-based practices and guidelines were identified to optimize recovery outcomes among children who have experienced abuse.Conclusion: This integrative review contributes to the body of knowledge on nurses’ role in cases of victims of child abuse by providing valuable insights for nursing practice, education, and policy. These findings can help guide nurses in developing evidence-based interventions and collaborative approaches to support the recovery of victims of child abuse.
Automating monitoring and evaluation data analysis by using an open-source programming language
Authors: Fouché Nadia , Mentz-Coetzee Melody
Published: January 2025

Background: African higher education institutions lag behind their global counterparts in the number of research outputs produced. To address this shortcoming, early-career researcher development programmes play a critical role. Monitoring and evaluation (ME) are vital in assuring that such programmes deliver meaningful outcomes. However, ME is an expensive process, which is problematic in the resource-constrained context of the African continent. Traditionally, practitioners use expensive data analysis software suites such as the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysing quantitative ME data. Although open-source programming languages such as Python are free to use, there are no libraries in Python aimed at the analyses needed for quantitative ME data, resulting in a steep learning curve for new Python users.Objectives: The objective of this article was to develop a Python library of functions to make Python a user-friendly alternative for analysing quantitative ME data.Method: A Python library of functions automating ME data analysis procedures was developed. The Python ME library was tested in this article on quantitative evaluation data of an early-career researcher development programme event and the output compared to that obtained using the SPSS general user interface (GUI).Results: The Python ME library functions produced identical results to the output produced using the SPSS GUI.Conclusion: The results showed that the Python ME library makes Python a viable, free and time-saving alternative for the analysis of quantitative ME data.Contribution: This article contributes by providing a free alternative method for analysing quantitative ME data, which can help evaluation practitioners in the developing world reduce the costs associated with evaluating capacity development programmes.
Corneal biomechanics: A diagnostic tool for differentiating high astigmatism and mild keratoconus
Authors: Razak Norsyariza , Wan Abdul Halim Wan Haslina , Mohd-Ali Bariah
Published: January 2025

Background: High astigmatism (HA) can be misinterpreted as keratoconus (KCN), is highly prone to developing KCN and is normally reconfirmed using corneal topography.Aim: To determine the diagnostic value of corneal biomechanical parameters in distinguishing HA and normal eyes from mild KCN.Setting: This is a comparative retrospective study.Methods: This study assessed 55 eyes with mild KCN (stages I and II), 56 eyes with HA ( 2.0 DC) without KCN and 55 normal healthy eyes. Corneal biomechanical and tomography parameters were measured using the Corvis ST and Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Germany). Keratoconus was diagnosed through slit lamp examination and abnormal corneal tomography patterns. The Kruskal–Wallis test evaluated each parameter’s distinguishing capability, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyzed the ability to differentiate high astigmatism and normal eyes from mild KCN.Results: The Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) between HA and mild KCN reflected a lower area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859, with a sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 65.4%, than CBI between normal and mild KCN, with an AUC of 0.896. The AUC for the Belin / Ambrósio enhanced ectasia deviation index (BAD-D) was 0.993, while the tomographical and biomechanical index (TBI) achieved an AUC of 0.99.Conclusion: Scheimpflug-derived biomechanical parameters effectively differentiated suspected HA and normal corneas from mild KCN corneas, indicating that corneal stiffness decreases at the early KCN stage.Contribution: Oculus Corvis ST effectively screens for ectasia risk, enabling early detection of KCN in individuals with high astigmatism and asymmetric curvature.
Launching a new era of scholarly exploration: Integrated biblical and theological studies
Authors: Salemi Stefano
Published: January 2025

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How I experienced tele-intervention: Qualitative insights from persons who stutter
Authors: Hoosain Raadhiyah , Abdoola Shabnam , Krüger Esedra , Pillay Bhavani
Published: January 2025

Background: Tele-intervention gained popularity, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, prompting healthcare providers to adapt to remote service delivery. Research about stuttering treatment via tele-intervention in South Africa is limited. Speech-language therapists (SLTs) require further insights to deliver a well-supported approach for treatment of stuttering using tele-intervention, despite limitations such as technological disruptions, including loadshedding, that impact service reliability.Objectives: The study aims to explore clients’ experiences with tele-intervention for stuttering therapy, and to provide recommendations to improve service delivery.Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 persons who stutter (PWS) recruited through purposive sampling. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants with experience in both tele-intervention and in-person treatment. Inductive thematic analysis supplemented by descriptive statistics was used to identify patterns and trends.Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) User experiences and factors shaping perceptions of tele-intervention; (2) technical infrastructure: barriers and facilitators; (3) financial and access considerations and (4) in-person treatment experience compared to tele-intervention user experience. Likert scale ratings indicated no considerable difference in preferences between tele-intervention and in-person treatment.Conclusion: Participants’ diverse experiences highlighted tele-intervention’s benefits and challenges for stuttering therapy. While limitations exist, findings inform service enhancement in South Africa, emphasising the importance of users’ perspectives in tele-intervention design.Contribution: Insights from PWS can be used in informing clinical practice, aiding SLTs in meeting the needs of PWS and guiding best practice. Tele-intervention should be integrated into a hybrid intervention model that PWS prefer.
Can a theory-based intervention lead primiparous women to decide to have a normal vaginal delivery? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pourashraf Rashin , Abbasi-Shavazi Masoumeh , Valiani Mahboubeh , Jambarsang Sara , Sadeghian Hossein Ali
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Although cesarean section (CS) plays an important role in reducing the complications and mortality of childbirth, the increase in unnecessary CSs is an indicator of the improper functioning of the health system. This study aimed to measure the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the intention and type of delivery of primiparous pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

This was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in Isfahan city, Iran. In total, 112 primiparous pregnant women participating in childbirth preparation classes were divided into two intervention and control groups by nonrandom sampling method. The intervention group received an educational intervention that included a combination of childbirth preparation classes based on TPB during the 16th to 38th weeks of pregnancy. The data were completed in the form of an online survey using a validated self-report questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software version 24. The significance level of the tests was considered as P < 0.05.

Results:

The average score of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in the intervention group significantly increased after intervention (P < 0.05). Physicians, spouses, and parents were the most important sources of social norms for selecting the type of delivery for pregnant women in both groups before and after the intervention. There was a significant difference between the intention of women in the intervention group, before and after the intervention (P = 0.031), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the type of delivery (P = 0.556).

Conclusion:

Reconstructing childbirth preparation classes based on TPB improved the intention and other predictive structures of TPB in the intervention group, but the final behavior of the two groups regarding the type of delivery was the same. It seems that the stressful conditions of delivery, along with the final opinion of the physicians, are effective in choosing the final type of delivery.
The performance of primary health care in the management of the Covid-19 in Iran and the existing challenges and strategies on the way to confront the pandemics: A qualitative study
Authors: Shami Elham , Gholipour Kamal , Khayatzadeh Simin , Azami-Aghdash Saber
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Primary healthcare (PHC) in Iran, like in other countries, has a fundamental role in managing COVID-19 despite facing various challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to qualitatively analyze the performance of PHC in the management of COVID-19 and identify the existing challenges, as well as strategies.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

The data for this qualitative study with a conventional content analysis were collected through interviews. The participants of the study were PHC employees, managers, and experts who had high experience and knowledge in the field of the study. The participants of the study were selected using purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed manually using the Granhiem and Landman method.

RESULTS:

PHC performance was divided into five main themes and 13 subthemes, including epidemic diagnosis, training, making changes to respond, care and vaccination, cooperation, and coordination. Six main themes and 19 subthemes were categorized as the challenges of dealing with COVID-19, which are inputs and structure, infectious disease control and management, management and policymaking, community support, education and evidence management, and providing care services. Strategies were categorized into four main and 16 subthemes. The main strategies were making preparations before the epidemic, reviewing at all levels of PHC, cooperation and coordination, and integrated information.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study can be used by authorities and policymakers to prepare well for possible future pandemics.
Patient communication as the missing item in clinical nursing education: A qualitative content analysis study
Authors: Moghadam Mahdieh Poodineh , Nasiri Ahmad , Mahmoudirad Gholamhossein
Published: January 2025

Background:

One of the basic goals of nursing education is to upgrade students’ patient communication skills. In this regard, students’ experiences in relationships with patients can be the cornerstone of their knowledge. Therefore, the present study’s objective was to divulge nursing students’ experiences in communicating with patients during their study course.

Materials and Methods:

The qualitative method used in this research involved conventional content analysis. The study participants were nursing students, both undergraduate and graduate, in Iran who were selected through purposeful sampling. The research took place in 2022 at the hospital or the nursing and midwifery faculty of the Birjand University of Medical Sciences. In total, 12 interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. The interviews were carried out in clinical settings as per the students’ preferences, where they interacted with patients. Each interview lasted 45–60 minutes, typically in one or two sessions.

Results:

Data analysis resulted in the extraction of 37 subcategories, 10 categories, and five themes. All the concepts that emerged during conventional content analysis revolved around nursing students’ experiences and were in line with the study’s objectives. The themes included sustainability of communication, divergent communication, communicational modeling, patient communication as the missing component of clinical nursing education, and communication as the essence of care.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to pay special attention to and enrich nursing educational curricula with patient communication courses and play the role of appropriate communicational models that can help greatly promote the health of patients.
The effect of intervention based on adapted mental health literacy curriculum on attitude and help-seeking intention in high school students in Iran
Authors: Saboohi Zahra , Solhi Mahnaz , Lotfi Mozhgan , Nasiri Malihe
Published: January 2025

Background:

Adolescent mental health is a major public health concern in Iran, with 1 of every 5 adolescents suffering from a mental disorder. Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important factor in improving mental health outcomes. To address this issue, a mental health literacy school curriculum used in Canada was adapted, piloted, and evaluated for use in Iranian schools. This study examines the impact of the intervention on the attitude and help-seeking intentions of first and secondary students in Iran.

Materials and Methods:

This study is semiexperimental research that was conducted on 200 female teenagers who were studying in girls’ secondary schools in Saveh, Central part of Iran, in 2023. The participants were divided into two groups, namely, the intervention group and the control group. Both groups completed a valid and reliable questionnaire that assessed their attitude and help-seeking intention at two different time points. To evaluate the intervention’s effects, a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used.

Results:

The study used the repeated-measures ANOVA to assess the changes in the mean attitude and help-seeking intention scores between the intervention and control groups. The findings indicated significant improvements in the attitude of help-seeking (P < 0.001), informal help-seeking intention (P < 0.001), and formal help-seeking intention (P < 0.001) for the intervention group as compared to the control group during the study.

Conclusion:

The adapted mental health literacy school curriculum has been used and evaluated for the first time in Iran, and it has shown a significant increase in attitude and help-seeking intention among first and secondary female students. These results need to be confirmed by further studies, which should also analyze the interrelationships between different dimensions of mental health knowledge and help-seeking practices. Keywords for this study include mental health literacy, help-seeking, attitude, and female students.
Knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding pediatric palliative care in a teaching nursing institute
Authors: Barad Dinabndhu , Panda Kalpana , Satpathy Soumya , Jena Neelanjana , Behera Nirupama , Mustafa Syed Ghulam , Dey Jayeeta , Kumar Prusty Jami Bikrant
Published: January 2025

Background:

According to the World Health Organization, palliative care (PC) for children involves actively caring for the child’s health, mind, and spirit and supporting the family. Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is characterized as a comprehensive strategy for both the child with a fatal illness and his or her family during their tragedy. The study aims to assess nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding PPC and determine the association with selected sociodemographic variables.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive (cross-sectional observational) study was carried out by SUM Nursing College, Bhubaneswar from November 2022 to October 2023 by using three tools (a self-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic data, a standardized questionnaire on knowledge, and a standardized questionnaire on attitude) to assess the level of knowledge and attitude among study participants toward PPC. Nursing students who have already been exposed to pediatric subjects such as B.Sc. 3rd and 4th year, GNM 2nd and 3rd year, and all nursing students of post basic B.Sc, and M.Sc., were included in the study.

Result:

Based on the investigation, it was discovered that among 223 of the total study sample, 39.5% had good knowledge, and the remaining 60.5% had poor knowledge. In addition, when the attitude of nursing students was analyzed, it was found that 54.3% of the total study sample had positive attitudes, and the remaining 45.7% had negative attitudes toward PPC.

Conclusion:

As nurses play a major role in delivering PPC, it could be included as a mandatory part in their educational curriculum. A similar study can be replicated among other healthcare professionals in several areas regarding PPC.