bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic activity of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria
Authors: Toplaghaltsyan Anna , Karapetyan Zhaneta , Keleshyan Susanna , Avetisova G. , Melkonyan L. , Tsarukyan G. , Ghochikyan V.
Published: January 2024

Soil is a medium for more than 100 enzymes. During soil deterioration the change of enzymes occurs much sooner than of other parameters in the soil so they are considered the best indicators of soil health. These enzymes play a vital role in supporting soil ecology and health by direct agents of the biological catabolism of soil organic and mineral components. Еnzymatic activities in the soil are mainly of microbial origin. In a number of potential bacterial enzymes that play an important role in maintaining soil health, some of the important ones are protease, lipase, cellulase, amylase and urease [1]. The aim of this work was the study of enzymatic activity in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as protease, lipase, cellulose, amylase and urease. The bacteria used in the experiments were Agrobacterium sp. strain M-1 (MN717167) and Agrobacterium sp. strain Y-2 (MN721294), previously isolated by us from saline soils of the villages Mrgashat and Yeghegnut of Armenia, respectively [2]. Proteolytic activity of nitrogen-fixing strains was determined using Skim Milk Agar, lipolytic activity - by Burk's Agar with 2% Tween 80, cellulolytic activity - by Cellulose Congo Red Agar. Bacterial suspension (107-108 CFU/ml) was added into punch holes in the agar and plates were incubated at 30 °C during 3-7 days. Enzymatic activity was detected by clear zones around holes. In case of amylolytic activity Starch Agar was used. A fresh colony of bacteria was streaked on the surface of the agar by double streak and was incubated for 3-5 days at 30 °C. Then the surface of the agar was flooded with Gram’s iodine solution. A clear zone surrounding the bacterial growth confirmed the hydrolysis of starch. Urease activity was investigated by using Urea broth. The cultures were inoculated separately into test tubes and incubated at 30 °C for 4 days. The appearance of a deep pink color indicated a positive result. The results of the experiments presented in Table 1 show the presence of a fairly wide range of enzymes in cultures Agrobacterium sp. strain M-1 and Agrobacterium sp. strain Y-2. Table 1. Enzymatic activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Enzymatic activity Protease Lipase Cellulase Amylase Urease Agrobacterium sp. strain M-1 - + + + + Agrobacterium sp. strain Y-2 + + + + + Therefore, it can be assumed that the use of Agrobacterium sp. strain M-1 and Agrobacterium sp. strain Y-2 with a variety of enzymatic activities can provide the soil with the enzymes necessary for the normal course of global carbon and nutrient cycles.
Health equity, diversity and global precision medicine
Authors: Zgheib Nathalie K. , Schuh Anna , Peet Sophie
Published: January 2024

This webinar will explore the challenges of health equity, diversity and global precision medicine.
OPTIMASI KOLOM SPLITTER C3-C4 DI PROPYLENE RECOVERY UNIT PT. X
Authors: Nurfauzan Farhan , Aulia Haris Numan
Published: January 2024

Kolom splitter C3-C4 berfungsi untuk memisahkan campuran C3 (senyawa propana dan propane) dan campuran C4 (senyawa n-butana dan turunannya). Campuran  C3 akan diproses lanjut untuk dipisahkan menjadi propana dan propylene sedangkan campuran C4 diproses lanjut di Olefin Conversion Unit. Karena komponen propylene pada produk campuran C4 melebihi batas spesifikasi sehingga angka recovery propylene menurun. Karena itu perlu dilakukan optimasi untuk meningkatkan produk atas pada kolom splitter C3-C4. Dalam melakukan optimasi pada kolom splitter C3-C4 ini menggunakan software Aspen Hysys dengan batasan komponen propylene pada produk campuran C4 maksimal 1% dan komponen campuran C4 pada produk campuran C3 maksimal 2,5%. Dengan suhu puncak 50,5ºC dan suhu bawah 122,9 ºC akan tetapi alir umpan, tekanan, dan refluks rasio yang sama seperti kondisi operasi ini menghasilkan produk campuran C4 mengandung komponen propylene 0,61% dan produk campuran C3 mengandung komponen campuran C4 sebesar 2,5%. Dari hasil optimasi ini memiliki keuntungan sebesar Rp 16.212.224.234,14-/tahun
OPTIMALISASI REMAINING LIFE STORAGE TANK PBM T-15 DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Utami Oktavia Fajar , Suharyadi Hafid
Published: January 2024

PT XYZ adalah perusahaan oil and gas di Sumatera Selatan. Hasil dari well merupakan campuran water chemical, minyak mentah, dan gas. Campuran ini dipisahkan di Stasiun Pengumpul (SP) menggunakan separator kemudian disimpan di Pusat Pengumpul Produksi (PPP) sebelum dikirim ke konsumen. PPP memiliki 10 tangki timbun yang sebagian besar bekerja secara paralel, salah satunya adalah Tangki PBM T-15. Tangki PBM T-15 memiliki diameter 23,476 m, tinggi 10,968 m, dan memiliki 6 course dengan material ASTMA283 grade C. Tangki ini menampung minyak mentah yang fluktuatif dan korosif. Penulis melakukan perhitungan ketebalan minimum, laju korosi untuk mengetahui sisa umur tangki. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan titik kritis terletak pada course 3 dengan sisa umur 33 tahun, hal inidapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagi faktor seperti faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik fluida.Perawatan tangki jugaperlu diperhatikan untuk menjaga keandalan tangki agar dapat beroperasilebih lama serta dapat mencegah terjadinya corrective maintenance.
夫妻剩餘財產差額分配請求權契稅及土地增值稅之探討【本月企劃】
Authors: 林佳億 林佳億
Published: January 2024

配偶一方依法行使剩財分配請求權而取得房屋所有權，因非屬契稅條例§2、§7-1規定取得所有權及受託人依信託本質移轉信託財產之範疇，因此其尚非上開條文所定應申報繳納契稅之範圍，應免予報繳契稅。夫妻剩餘財產差額分配請求權為債權請求權，其內容及範圍須待夫妻雙方清算後始得確定。而現行實務就夫妻一方死亡，經生存配偶行使剩財分配請求權分配取得之土地，以「給付差額之配偶取得該土地時」核計土地增值稅之現值為原地價之認定基準。如死亡配偶土地列為遺產由繼承人繼承取得，相對於作為剩財分配取得標的，於下次土地移轉土地增值稅核計時，將較為有利。
區分所有權人會議決議爭訟事件的特殊性──法院是否受自認、不爭執事項或協議簡化爭點的拘束？【執業進修】
Authors: 黃健彰 黃健彰
Published: January 2024

區權會決議直接或間接影響眾多區分所有權人、住戶等的財產權或居住權等權益。以管委會為被告的訴訟中，區分所有權人以外的住戶等並非被擔當者，無從依民訴法規定使本案判決對其發生效力。區分所有權人會議決議爭訟事件的本案判決原則上具對世效。該爭訟事件具較高的公益性，辯論主義或處分權主義應為較高度的修正。區分所有權人會議決議內容如對公寓大廈秩序的維持與相關人有重大影響，且關於召集人為何人或其有無召集權，如對該訴訟的勝敗具關鍵性，則法院應職權調查證據，不受自認、不爭執事項或協議簡化爭點的拘束。
股份轉換的所得類型──最高行政法院109年度上字第1023號判決評析【學習式判解評析】
Authors: 吳俊志 吳俊志
Published: January 2024

證券交易所得停徵作為臺灣行使持之有年的租稅優惠，導致出現各種不同爭議。除了現物出資取得股份外，以股作價或股份轉換也是可能產生的爭議。本件雖為股份轉換契約中，原消滅公司股東取得存續公司股份，是否應稅的問題，除了涉及所得認定外，尚有此時所得應否課稅及漏報是否應處罰問題。
Mini-ACE: Validation Study Among Older People in Long-Term Care
Authors: Grasina Alexandra , Espirito-Santo Helena , Lemos Laura , Vilar Maria Manuela , Simões-Cunha Luís , Daniel Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Background: The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a valid and reliable tool that accurately differentiates various types of cognitive impairment from Normal-cognition assessed in multiple settings. However, its validity among older individuals in long-term care (LTC) was not yet established. Therefore, we sought to assess the Portuguese M-ACE’s validity, reliability, and accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) in LTC users.
Methods: A comprehensive assessment was performed on 196 LTC Portuguese users aged ≥ 60 years, among whom 71 had Normal-cognition, and 125 had CIND.
Results: The M-ACE was found to be reliable (McDonald’s ω = .86, Cronbach’s α = .85) and consistent over time (r = .72; ICC = .83) and between raters (k = .92). Strong correlations with related measures supported construct validity (both r = .67). The M-ACE accurately distinguished CIND from Normal-cognition with a cut-off of 17 points (AUC = 0.81, Sensitivity = 81.7%, Specificity = 74.4%).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Portuguese M-ACE is a valid and reliable cognitive assessment tool for LTC users, allowing for accurate differentiation between CIND and Normal-cognition. Thus, the M-ACE’s use could contribute to the early detection and intervention of cognitive disorders, especially among older adults in LTC.
Rezension von: Heimatblätter. Jahrbuch für Schorndorf und Umgebung Bd. 25
Authors: Trefz Bernhard
Published: January 2024

Heimatblätter. Jahrbuch für Schorndorf und Umgebung Bd. 25. Hg. vöm Bürgermeisteramt Schorndorf und Heimatverein Schorndorf e.V. (Geschichts- und Altertumsverein für Schorndorf und Umgebung). Schorndorf: Verlag Carl Bacher 2011, 184 S., zahlr. Abb.
Անվտանգության ապահովման մեխանիզմները աշխարհաքաղաքական փոխակերպումների համատեքստում
Authors: Ղևոնդյան Ռոբերտ , Ղազարյան Թամարա
Published: January 2024

Արդի աշխարհաքաղաքական գործընթացների այլընտրանքային բազմազանությունը խնդիրներ է առաջացնում ոչ միայն հանգուցալուծումների կանխատեսման հավանականության, այլև ընթացիկ վերափոխումների տրամաբանության ընկալման առումով: Այս համատեքստում տարբեր միավորների համար շարունակաբար ծագող մարտահրավերներին պատասխանելու և հնարավորությունները բաց չթողնելու գերակայությունը հանգում է իրավիճակի վերլուծության միջոցով առանցքային բնորոշիչների դուրսբերման անհրաժեշտության: Անհավասարակշիռ աշխարհաքաղաքական դրությունը ներկա զարգացումների գլխավոր բնորոշիչն է, որի ազդեցությունը ներթափանցում է տարածաշրջանային ու երկկողմ փոխհարաբերությունների բոլոր մակարդակներ: Ազգային պետություններն այս համատեքստում ստիպված են ձևավորել համարժեք արձագանքի կայուն, բայց նաև ճկուն համակարգեր: Աշխարհաքաղաքական զարգացումների հնարավոր բազմավեկտորությունը անհրաժեշտություն է առաջացնում ռազմավարական սցենարային պլանավորման և մոդելավորման միջոցով սեփական սուբյեկտայնության շարունակական ավելացման: Ապագայի կառավարման նման գործելաոճը ՀՀ պետականության պահպանման և զարգացման համար այլընտրանք չունի:
Разнообразие альтернатив современных геополитических процессов формирует проблемы, связанные не только с прогнозами разрешений, но и с восприятием логики изменений. В этом смысле важно не упустить возможности и своевременно ответить на вызовы. Для этого необходимо аналитическим методом вычислить ключевые характеристики явлений. Главной характеристикой настоящих развитий является несбалансированная геополитическая ситуация, которая оказывает влияние на все уровни региональных и двусторонних отношений. В этой ситуации национальные государства вынуждены формировать устойчивые и вместе с тем гибкие системы адекватного реагирования. В силу вероятной многовекторности геополитических развитий возникает необходимость стратегического планирования и постоянного укрепления собственной субъектности путем моделирования ситуаций. Подобный способ деятельности для сохранения и развития государственности Армении не имеет альтернатив.
Alternative variety of contemporary geopolitical processes are causing problems not only for probability of resolution, but also for perception of changes. In this context it is important not to miss the opportunity and in due course respond to the challenges. For this aim it is necessary to calculate key characters by analysis. Main characters of modern developments is unbalanced geopolitical situation in the world, which influences all levels of regional and bilateral relations. National states have to form stable but flexible systems of reaction. Due to the possibility of multi-vector development of the geopolitical situation, states need strategic planning and permanent ensuring of their subjectivity through modelling the situation. Such manner of practice doesn’t have an alternative for maintaining and development of statehood of Armenia.
Երուսաղեմի Սուրբ Հարության տաճարի Տիրամոր ուշագնացության մատուռի հայկական խճանկարը
Authors: Գրիգորյան Սյուզաննա , Գամաղելյան Վարդիթեր
Published: January 2024

Երուսաղեմի Սուրբ Հարության տաճարի Տիրամոր ուշագնացության մատուռի մեծադիր խճանկարի հորինվածքը, ըստ աշխատանքում նշված տվյալների, արվել է 1967 թ. և, համաձայն միջնադարյան կանոնների, ներկայանում է որպես անանուն ստեղծագործություն: Ստորին հատվածում նշված է միայն պատվիրատուի անունը։ Նույնիսկ այս հանգամանքը տարակուսելի է թվում, քանզի հնարավոր է, որ պատվիրատուն եղել է հենց ինքը՝ հորինվածքի հեղինակը։ Կոմպոզիցիան ներկայացնում է «Խաչելություն» թեման. արտառոցն այստեղ թեմայի ընթերցումն է, որտեղ կարծես մեկտեղված են միջնադարյան կանոնականությունից եկող ավանդական՝ «Բարեխոսության» և «Ողբի» սյուժեները։ Հեղինակները մանրազնին ուսումնասիրել են թե՛ տվյալ մեկնաբանությունը, որը բխում է հավանաբար ժամանակակից՝ XX դ. հոգեբանական խմորումներից, թե՛ կոմպոզիցիայի բովանդակային բոլոր մանրամասները։ Այս խճանկարով մեկ անգամ ևս ընդգծվում է հայկական ներկայությունը համաքրիստոնեական Սբ Հարության տաճարում։
Темой исследования статьи является композиция монументальной мозаики «Распятие», выполненной в середине XX столетия (1967 г.) в иерусалимском храме Воскресения, в частности, в одной из капелл, принадлежащей Армянской апостольской церкви (епархии). Несмотря на не столь отдаленное прошлое, автор композиции не известен (зафиксировано только имя заказчика): здесь очевидно соблюдено правило средневекового канона «анонимности». Интересно то обстоятельство, что в интерпретации мозаики наряду с темой распятия авторы узрели другую молитвенную тему «заступничества» – «Деисус», которая подспудно вписывается в решение композиции и в психологическоe её прочтениe. Помимо указанного аспекта исследователи сосредоточились на иных нюансах и подробностях, касающихся содержательной и исполнительской сторон произведения.
In the article the authors elucidate the construction of the bulky mosaics of the Our Lady’s Chapel of fainting in Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It was made, according to the data mentioned in the work, in 1967 and according to medieval rules it is presented as an anonymous work. Only the name of the customer is indicated. Even this circumstance seems puz-zling, because it is possible that the customer was himself the author of the construction. The composition presents the theme "Crucifixion". The interpretation of the theme, in which the traditional plots of an "Intercession" and "Lamentation" are combined with medieval traditions, is unusual. The authors have carefully researched the topis in terms of its interpretation and details of composition. With this mosaic once again, the Armenian presence is emphasized in the pan-Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Ծիսական անոթներ Տավուշ ամրոցից
Authors: Ալեքսանյան Տիգրան , Բադալյան Հարություն , Հախվերդյան Արտակ
Published: January 2024

Տավուշ ամրոցը Բերդի տարածաշրջանի միջնադարյան կարևոր ամրություններից է, որի մասին բազմիցս հիշատակում են մատենագիր աղբյուրները: Հուշարձանի վերականգնման և ամրակայման նպատակով 2020-2023 թթ. իրականացվել են հնագիտական պեղումներ, որոնց ընթացքում, ի թիվս բազմաթիվ նորահայտումների, գտնվել են նաև Ք.ա. VII-VI դդ. թվագրվող կենդանակերպ, ծիսական անոթների մասեր: Վերջիններիս քննությունը ցույց է տալիս, որ դրանք հեղման անոթներ են, որոնք հայտնի են ոչ միայն Հայաստանի, այլև հարևան Վրաստանի, Ադրբեջանի և Պարսկաստանի համաժամանակյա հուշարձաններից: Քննության առարկա անոթների հայտնաբերումը միջնադարյան ամրոցի (X-XIII դդ.) տարածքից հիմք է տալիս նշելու, որ հուշարձանի տարածքն օգտագործվել է նաև Ք.ա. VII-VI դարերում: Միջնադարում հին ամրոցները վերականգնելու կամ նույն վայրում նորը կառուցելու ավանդույթը բավական տարածված էր բերդաշինության մեջ: Եվ խնդրո առարկա գտածոները այդ երևույթը հավաստող նյութական փաստարկներ են:
Тавушская крепость является одной из важнейших средневековых укреплений Бердского района, которая неоднократно упоминается в летописных источниках. С целью реставрации и благоустройства памятника в 2020-2023 гг. были проведены археологические раскопки, в ходе которых были обнаружены фрагменты ритуальных сосудов 7-6 вв. до н.э. Исследование данных артефактов показывает, что это ритуальные сосуды, известные как из одновременых археологических памятников Армении, так и соседней Грузии, Азербайджана и Персии. Находки исследуемых сосудов из средневековой крепости (10-13 вв.) дают основание полагать, что территория крепости Тавуш использовалась и раньше, в 7-6 вв. до н.э. В средневековье в строительстве крепостей была довольно распространена традиция восстановления старых укреплений либо сооружения на том же месте новых. Рассматриваемые находки являются материальным доказательством этого явления.
The Tavush fortress is one of the important medieval fortifications of the Berd region, which is often mentioned in written sources. In frameս of restoration works of the site, during 2020-2023 archaeological excavations were carried out, during which, among many new discoveries, fragments of ritual vessels from the 7th-6th centuries BC were found. The study of the artifacts shows that these are ritual vessels, known both from the archaeological sites of Armenia and neighboring countries (Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran). Such findings from the medieval fortress (10-13 centuries) allows to state that the territory of the Tavush fortress was used earlier, in the 7-6 centuries BC. During the Middle Ages was quite common to restore old fortifications, or build new ones in the same place. The findings in question are material evidence of this phenomenon.
Determinant factors of infant mortality in Bima District in 2012
Authors: Hendari Rini , Widarsa I Ketut Tangking , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: January 2024

The infant mortality is the death of a child before the age of one year, can be caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The infant mortality rates influenced by family income, maternal age, birth spacing, the frequency of the ANC visits, the place of delivery, birth weight, breastfeeding, immunisation, maternal knowledge about infant care, clean water sources sanitationary and education related to infant mortality. The purpose of this research was to identify the determinant factors of infant mortality in Bima regency. The type of research is observational analytic, with a case-control study design. The cases were infant who died in January to December 2012, while the control were infant who still alive on the same period. Cases and controls were selected from the community of Bima District. They were selected by using stratified proportional sampling technique and in total they were 153 respondents with a ratio of 1 to 2. Data was collected through interviews and midwives registers documentation. Data were analysed using chi square test and logistic regression. The result showed that the birth weight <2500 gr OR=6.69 (95%CI: 2.11-21.16), birth spacing <24 months OR=6.69 (95%CI: 2.11-21.16), maternal age <20 or >35 years OR=6.63 (95%CI: 1.84-23.90), not exclusively breastfeeding OR=6.23 (95%CI: 2.10-18.46), education related to infant mortality OR=6.02 (95%CI: 2.17-16.65) and clean water sources sanitationary OR=3.72 (95%CI: 1.35-10.25). It can be concluded that birth weight <2500 gr, spacing births <24 months, maternal age <20 or >35 years, not exclusively breastfeeding, education related to infant mortality, clean water sources sanitationary were determinants of infant mortality with the overall contribution of 61.1%. Improving education and promotion related to nutritional requirement for pregnant women, delay in age of marriage, pregnancy planning and exclusive breastfeeding in Bima District are highly essential.
Stigma and discrimination: Barrier for ending AIDS by 2030 and achieving the 90-90-90 targets by 2020
Authors: Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: January 2024

In order to be able to mirror the achievements of other countries towards 90-90-90, addressing stigma and discrimination towards key populations and people with HIV+ is crucial. Without these efforts ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 will be challenging to realize and remain a lofty aspiration.
Barriers to mental health services at public health centers: Providers’ perspectives
Authors: Aryani Putu , Januraga Pande Putu , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Gerstel Lisanne , Scholte Willem F
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The disparity between the increasing prevalence of mental health (MH) illness and the availability of treatment in Indonesia remains high, despite the campaign to provide MH services at public health centers (PHCs) initiated by the government in 2014. This study explored barriers to MH service provision at PHCs in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia in order to identify priorities for service improvement.
Methods: This explorative qualitative study was conducted from March to December 2015 and employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). In-depth interviews were conducted with the Head of Denpasar City Health Office and with general practitioners (GPs) from four PHCs in Denpasar, to explore the perspective of policy and service management and experiences in PHC clinics, respectively. To further explore MH service implementation in the community, two FGDs were conducted with MH program managers and community health workers (CHWs). The interviews and FGDs were recorded, and verbatim transcripts were analyzed using thematic framework analysis.
Results: Barriers to MH service provision identified in our study are poor dissemination of the national policy to the local government and PHCs; low prioritization of MH issues; organization workforce issues; funding concerns; poor coordination and supervision; poor management and recording system; scarcity of ancillary facilities and other resources such as psychotropic medicines.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of national policy dissemination and collaboration between local government, health providers and CHWs to overcome the barriers in providing MH services at PHC level.
Sociodemographic factors and current contraceptive use among ever-married women of reproductive age: Analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Ds Ni Kadek Ayu Dwi Utami , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Ani Luh Seri
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Globally, the number of new contraceptive users in mid-2017 was only around half of the target. According to the results of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the use of all methods of contraception in Indonesia has increased but is still lower than the target. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of contraception in Indonesia.

Methods: This study uses secondary data from the 2017 IDHS that was carried out in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The total sample was 35,681 of 49,627 women aged 15-49 years. The dependent variable was current contraceptive use. The independent variables consisted of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, knowledge, discussion with husband, and access to health services. Data analysis was performed through a binary logistic regression test to obtain the adjusted odd ratio of each factor.

Results: The proportion of current contraceptive use was found to be 63.6% (95%CI: 63.2-64.0%). Factors related to current contraceptive use were family planning information from health workers (AOR=1.67; 95%CI: 1.59-1.77), maternal age of 35-44 years (AOR=1.54; 95%CI: 1.42-1.66), maternal age of 25-34 years (AOR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.27-1.48), maternal age ≥45 years (AOR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.68-0.82), living in the Java-Bali region (AOR=1.28; 95%CI: 1.22-1.35), living in rural areas (AOR=1.07; 95%CI: 1.01-1.12), having more than two living children (AOR=1.52; 95%CI: 1.44-1.60), level of education not attending school until not graduating from high school (AOR=1,46; 95%CI: 1.35-1.59), high school graduation level (AOR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.16-1.35), not working status (AOR=1.08; 95%CI: 1.03-1.13), medium wealth index (AOR=1.07; 95%CI: 1.00-1.14) and good knowledge (AOR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.11-1.23).

Conclusion: The proportion of current contraceptive use in couples of childbearing age in Indonesia has not reached the government target. Factors that were more likely to increase current contraceptive use were family planning information from health workers, age, region, number of living children, mothers’ education, and knowledge. The family planning program in Indonesia should therefore consider those factors to increase the current contraceptive use.
Association between husband support and compliance with post-cryotherapy requirements among mothers in Tabanan District, Bali
Authors: Upadana Gede Ngurah , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Cervical cancer is a major global health problem for women, with most of cases occurring in developing countries. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is one method for screening precancerous cervical lesions which can then be followed up with cryotherapy. The success of cryotherapy is influenced by many factors including maternal compliance to meet the clinical requirements after cryotherapy. This study aims to determine the association between husband’s support and mother’s compliance with post-cryotherapy requirements.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 mothers with positive VIA test results and had received cryotherapy in six Tabanan public health centers (PHCs) consisting of four PHCs in urban areas and two PHCs in rural areas. All mothers who underwent cryotherapy during 2017 were selected as samples. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in each respondent’s home using a questionnaire. The information collected was four post-cryotherapy requirements consisting of sexual abstinence, on schedule follow-up examinations, compliance to the recommended antibiotic use, not using topical vaginal medication and husband’s support. Husband’s support measured by 11 questions consisted of psychological, social and environmental support. Bivariate analysis was performed with chi-square and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.
Results: This study shows that only 39.4% of respondents were compliant to meet the four post cryotherapy requirements. As many as 32.4% of mothers had sex within 4 weeks after cryotherapy and 40.1% did not have the follow up examinations on schedule. Husband’s support was significantly associated with maternal compliance in the form of asking about respondent’s health condition with AOR=6.658 (95%CI: 1.794-24.702) and not asking for sex with AOR=4.151 (95%CI: 1.491-11.556).
Conclusion: Mother’s compliance with the four requirements after cryotherapy remains low and the husband’s support has a role in increasing maternal compliance. Education on post cryotherapy requirements needs to be improved particularly in regards to the role of the husband.
Relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan Public Health Center, North Jakarta
Authors: Chang Micheline , Hasan Surilena , Suwangto Erfen Gustiawan , Widjaja Nelly Tina
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Anxiety is generally found in primary health care patients with physical problems and are often not treated. This condition can affect the patient’s sleep quality. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan Public Health Center (PHC), North Jakarta.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 434 patients attending the health care service of Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta from August to October 2019. Data was collected with demographic and drug consumption questionnaire, Zung Selfrating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis were including univariate and bivariate analysis conducted with SPSS 25.0.
Results: There were 434 respondents aged 17-81 years old involved in the study, with an average age of 47.1 years, 72.4% of them were female, 56.2% with basic education, 54.8% were unemployed and 61.1% with low-income level. As high as 26.3% of the respondents were fallen into anxiety classification, including 19.4% mild anxiety, 5.5% moderate anxiety and 1.4% severe anxiety; while 53.5% of them reported poor sleep quality. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta (P<0.001). Patients with anxiety were 7.8 times (OR=7.819, 95%CI: 4.462-13.703) more likely to experience poor sleep quality than those without anxiety.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in patients attending Kecamatan Penjaringan PHC, North Jakarta. Detection of anxiety disorders and sleep quality should be considered as one essential part of patients’ care at PHC.
Quality analysis of quality control system in work units based on the Routine Data Quality Assessment of X Hospital in Semarang District
Authors: Fatmawati Endang , Agushybana Farid , Arso Septo Pawelas
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: An excellent process of hospital quality management system produces useful data for the management in the future decision-making. The problem obtained from the quality management system of X hospital was that the data collectors do not understand the procedure of data collection, thus the data became less complete and less accurate. Routine Data Quality Assessment (RDQA) instrument is recommended to measure the data quality. This study aims to analyze the data quality in the quality management system of X Hospital work unit in Semarang.
Methods: Quantitative method was applied in this study using cross-sectional approach. RDQA instrument was used as a model of quality assessment of routine data that can be implemented to evaluate the quality of the collected data. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of informants. This study involved 22 quality managers at level I (the wards) as the informants who conducted the data selection, three quality managers at level II as data collectors, and one quality manager at level III as a data center. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The work units assessed in this study include the outpatient, inpatient and critical units.
Result: RDQA instrument was adapted by adjusting the substanceof RDQA with the standards of hospital accreditation in Indonesia. The development of indicator 2 focused on the understanding of data collection, while indicator 3 focused on the supervision of data collection, and indicator 5 focused on the staff understanding on the recommendation of quality achievement results. The application of RDQA articulated that the quality control systems did not optimally run, including the lack of understanding of the data collection procedure, non optimal supervision of quality management, not all quality manager conduct data verification properly, not all staff understand the recommendations of the quality achievement results. The highest percentage of the data quality was 93% and the lowest was 72%. In general, the system assessment was 1.5-2.5 which indicated that the data were partially complete/available/ operated.
Conclusion: RDQA resulted that the data quality control on the hospital quality management system has not yet to be conducted optimally.
Analysis of parents’ factors in providing developmental stimulation among pre-school age children in Pakis Sub-District, Malang, East Java
Authors: Mansur Herawati , Setyaningsih Wahyu
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Lack of stimulation can cause deviations in child development and even permanent disturbances. The purpose of the study is to determine parenting factors in providing developmental stimulation in pre-school age children in Pakis Sub-District, Malang City, East Java.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 120 mothers who have pre-school age children in Curah Ampel Village, Pakis Sub-District, Malang, conducted from September-November 2018. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of mothers’ demographic characteristics (age, education, and employment), father’s involvement, knowledge about development stimulation, parenting style, and parental stimulation. Data analysis were including univariable, bivariable, and multivariable analysis conducted with STATA. Results: On average, mother’s age was 30 years old, 70.0% with low education, and 83.3% were unemployed. This study found that 55% of parents provide stimulation development that falls in the poor categories. From the result of multivariable analysis with logistic regression, it was found that mother’s education associated with parental stimulation to pre-school age children (OR=0.322, 95%CI: 0.121-0.858, p=0.023). Conclusions: This study highlights that mother’s educational background has an important role in providing parental stimulation. Poor parental stimulation can cause developmental delays. A parenting program is needed to develop the knowledge and the ability of parents in accompanying every phase of their child development.
The impact of national health insurance on the access of maternal care service for women in Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Masyitha Mutiara
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The government of Indonesia has established national health insurance or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) since 2014 to meet the basic needs of appropriate public health, including women. However, maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is recorded to be higher than peers and decreases slowly. This paper aims to elaborate the impact of the national health insurance on the access to maternal care and services for women in Indonesia. Methods: This paper employs a secondary data analysis by using Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2017 and applies propensity score matching methods. Within the sample, a treatment group is a group of women who are registered in the JKN, including the PBI and non-PBI participants, while the control group is a group of women who are not registered in the JKN, women who have other insurances and those who do not have any insurance. The total sample of the treatment group is 18,886 and the control group is 19,559 participants. There are two outcome variables in the analysis which reflect the access of health care and health services, which are child-birth service facility (CBSF) and Birth Attendant (BA), respectively. Results: The result shows that women who are the member of the JKN have greater probability in accessing formal health care and services during the maternity process. They tend to deliver babies in hospital and get helped by medical personnel. Moreover, by comparing the impact of the JKN in the rural and urban areas, the result shows that the probability of women in rural area to access health care and services is higher than women in cities. Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that the JKN has improved the access for health care as well as medical services for maternity, in both rural and urban areas. However, the JKN program improvements are still needed, particularly in ameliorating the quality of JKN program, as well as expanding the number of participants to achieve a higher impact.
Community participation in the utilization of village fund for stunting prevention: Case study in two villages in Gianyar District
Authors: Prabasari Made Ayu Diah , Lubis Dinar Saurmauli , Sutiari Ni Ketut
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The Indonesian government has set a target to reduce stunting prevalence from 27.7% in 2019 to 14% in 2024. There are 10 villages in Gianyar District have been selected as stunting loci since 2018, however, the percentages of the village fund utilized for health and nutrition were low. This research aims to identify the level of community participation in the utilization of village fund for stunting prevention in two stunting loci villages in Gianyar.
Methods: This was a qualitative study using a multiple case study approach conducted in two stunting loci villages in Gianyar, Bali. Data collection was conducted from May to June 2020 through in-depth interview with 12 key informants. Thematic qualitative analysis was done using the ladder of participation concept with Arnsteinand political approach by Carpentier which involves several key concepts such as process, field, actor, decision making moment and power.
Results: The level of community participation in the village fund utilization for stunting prevention was still in the of pseudo participation – Placation level. The majority of proposals or recommendation for stunting prevention program came from cadres of community health post, health care workers and the village assistants. Final decision making in the planning stage was largely depending on the village government. The community plays the role as program recipient. Several challenges for optimal utilization of village fund for stunting prevention were geographical condition, paternalistic leadership as well as the lack of understanding and capacity of key actors.
Conclusion:The community participation in utilization of the village fund for stunting program in the two villages was in the vague participation level. The village government should provide more rooms to empower the community in order to increase their participation level.
Implementation of food labelling policy in small, medium and micro food businesses in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Ayuningtyas Dumilah , Farida Ida , Utami RR Mega , Barinda Sandra , Munawaroh Sayyidatul
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The government has adopted policies regarding food labelling to ensure food quality and safety, but the implementation has not yet optimal. This study identifies resources, knowledge, and facilities that affect food labelling implementation in small, medium, and micro food-businesses (SMMF-B) in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Methods: We conducted a mixed method study. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants from the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Office of National Agency of Drug and Food Control and the Mataram City. Health Office, and a focused-group discussion involving SMMF-B owners. The quantitative data was collected with a survey to 30 respondents using questionnaire and observation of the label of 36 SMMF-B products to determine the presence of product’s label, composition, net-weight, producer’s name and address, production code, expiry date and distribution license.
Results: We found SMMF-B owners’ knowledge on food labelling was low, however, they expressed supports to the implementation of food label controlling. Of the 36 food labels, the two highest number of violations were the absence of production code (88.9%) and net weight (86.1%). Meanwhile, of the 30 surveyed respondents, the majority (96.6%) stated the importance of labels on SMMF-B products and almost two third (63.4%) read food labels before purchasing the product.
Conclusion: This study reveals that SMMF-B in West Nusa Tenggara has not implemented food labelling policies optimally. The lack of implementation was influenced by the government’s lack of funds and minimal information and monitoring efforts. Therefore, government should increase budget allocation for food label controlling, number and capacity of food label controllers and strengthen the enforcement.
No correlation between picky eating and nutritional status of toddlers aged 24-59 months in Denpasar City, Bali Province
Authors: Pratiwi Rinda Dian , Sutiari Ni Ketut , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Picky eating behaviour in toddlers may lead to a lack of nutritional intake and affect their nutritional status. This study aims to determine the correlation of picky eating with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 24-59 months in Denpasar City.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 100 toddlers and mothers in Denpasar City in 2020. The variables collected were mother's education, occupation, family income, children’s age, gender, history of infectious diseases, eating behaviour, and nutritional status. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire for socio-demographic characteristics and the Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Bodyweight and height were measured using Camry and Microtoise digital scales. The data were analyzed including descriptive analysis and chi-square test,
Results: We found almost two third (63%) of the toddlers had picky eating behaviour. Most toddlers had normal nutritional status (87%), while 9% of them were stunted. Most toddlers had a poor appetite (85%) and left food on their plates after eating (54%). The majority do not want to taste food that was never introduced (66%) and refuse the main meal after eating snacks (68%). We found no significant association between eating behaviours and nutritional status of the toddlers.
Conclusion: There was no correlation between picky eating behaviour and the nutritional status of toddlers. Picky eaters do not refuse food consistently, hence it can balance the nutritional needs. Therefore, providing information and practice regarding nutritious food is still important, as well as regular monitoring of children’s nutritional status.
The relationship of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with the length of stay of COVID-19 patients at Dr. R. Soedjono Hospital, Selong, East Lombok
Authors: Junaedi Muhammad , Wirawan I Made Ady , Adhi Kadek Tresna
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: By December 2020, 678 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were recorded in East Lombok District, and more are anticipated. The capacity of the available healthcare institutions is now impacted by the inclusion of these cases. In this study, the duration of stay of COVID-19 patients at Dr. R. Soedjono Hospital in Selong, East Lombok will be described, as well as the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with length of stay.

Methods:  This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical records of 409 patients who were confirmed positive for COVID-19 then treated in April-December 2020 and declared cured after completed the treatment period. The data collected included the date of admission and discharge of patients, age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, history of comorbidities and laboratory test results. Data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression.

Results: The average length of stay for COVID-19 patients at Dr. R. Soedjono Hospital Selong, East Lombok was 16 days (SD±7,366) and the median was 14 days (IQR=7). Multivariate analysis shows factors for patients being treated for longer time (the average length of stay ≥17 days) were male (AOR=1.87; 95%CI: 1.21-2.86) and low education level (AOR=1.91; 95%CI: 1.19-3.06).

Conclusion: The average length of stay of COVID-19 patients in this hospital was quite long at 16 days. Male COVID-19 patients and those with low education have higher likelihood to stay longer in hospital. The hospital should consider this information to improve hospital planning for COVID-19 patients
Factors associated with smoking behaviour among Indonesian students: Analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Faisal Debri Rizki , Putra Onetusfifsi , Nadira Nindy Audia
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: The smoking prevalence in youths aged 10-18 years in Indonesia increased from 7.2% in 2013 to 9.1% in 2018. The aim of this study was to assess factors related to smoking behavior among students in Indonesia.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Indonesia data. The sampling technique used was two-stage cluster sampling, classified by schools and classes. The samples included in this analysis were all students aged 13-15 years who participated in the survey and have complete data, accounted for 9,789 respondents. The data were analysed with the Chi-Square Test and Logistic Regression with a 95% confidence interval and p value of 0.05.
Results:  A total of 3,595 students (36.72%) had smoked. The number of respondents was the most in the age group of 13-15 years (51.43%). The number of male respondents was 44.01% and women 55.99%. Most students (90.29%) had seen cigarette advertisements, 55.88% of them saw people smoking in school areas and 46.88% saw teachers smoking at schools. The results of a multivariate analysis found factors affected smoking behaviour in students were the friend's offer to smoke (AOR=10.69; 95%CI: 7.37-15.50), male gender (AOR=13.94; 95%CI: 11.56–16.81) and presence of people smoking in the house (AOR=2.15; 95%CI: 1.88-2.45).
Conclusion: Environmental cues and peer pressure are associated with smoking among students. Optimizing smoke free and health education about the dangers of cigarettes is essential to counteract the extensive exposure to environmental influence to smoking.
Factors related to adherence to stay at the isolation house and health protocols for COVID-19 confirmed positive people in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Ni Nyoman Sudarti  , Widarini Ni Putu , Ni Ketut Sutiari
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Quarantine in the isolation house for people who are confirmed having COVID-19 is essential to reduce transmission in the community. This research aimed at determining factors associated with compliance to isolation for 14 days and the implementation of health protocols for people who are confirmed positive for COVID-19.
Methods: This study applied analytic cross-sectional design, which was conducted in the working area of the Public Health Centre (PHC) II North Denpasar. The samples were 279 people whom selected by simple random sampling. The collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, adherence to stay in the isolation houses and to apply health protocols, perceptions to compliance, cues to action, self-efficacy, knowledge, and social support. The data were analysed by Stata including descriptive analysis, followed by Chi-square Test and Multiple Logistic Regression.
Results:  As high as 60.6% of respondents complied to stay for 14 days in the isolation house and implemented health protocols. From multivariable analysis, the higher likelihood to comply with staying at the isolation houses for 14 days and applying health protocols were among female (AOR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.54-5.90, having higher education (AOR=6.03; 95%CI: 3.09-11,77), those having high self-efficacy (AOR=3.43; 95%CI: 1.81-6.50), and those having good knowledge (AOR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.19-3.98).
Conclusion: About a third of the respondents did not comply with isolation for 14 days in the isolation house nor apply etiquette according to the health protocols, thus indicating a high risk of transmitting COVID-19 to others. It is necessary to promote health targeting people with low knowledge level and to provide social support from family, surrounding community and government.
Generic Implementation Framework approach for public private mix in Tuberculosis control at a private hospital in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fahrudda Ansarul , Kusbaryanto Kusbaryanto
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Tuberculosis continues to be a concern at the global level. Indonesia is a high-burden country that keeps efforts through TB control programs by implementing a private-public mix (PPM) strategy. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PPM in a private hospital using the Generic Implementation Framework approach.
Methods: This study conducted a mixed method approach including quantitative and qualitative analysis of data with explanatory sequential design. The analyzed variables were the assessment elements used in determining hospital accreditation, variables to get an overview of PPM, and achievement of indicators. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while the qualitative with thematic analysis.
Results: The quality of TB control at the hospital was under the accreditation standards. There was an increase in the number of patients treated but uptrend in the number of loss to follow-up patients in the last three years. The success rate of treatment in 2021 has not yet achieved as it was influenced by patients who were lost to follow-up and treatment failure. Supporting factors for the PPM implementation were the script of cooperation, commitment, cooperation, communication, mutual trust, maintained service quality, inter-dependence, and mutual benefit as inhibiting factors related to the management of treatment adherence.
Conclusion: The achievement of program indicators has yet to meet the target. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate regulations, standard operating procedures, and cooperation scripts to reach the standard.
Grammar and Cognition
Authors:   Institute for Bulgarian Language - BAS, Georgieva Mariana
Published: January 2024

The article presents the cognitive basis of the differentiation and definition of names in word classes. Cognitively analyzed substantivation, qualification and quantification and their circularity explain grammaticalization as a process. Definiteness as a categorical phenomenon of names is a syncretic grammaticalization of a cognitive-perspective minimum. Pronouns are not considered here, since their cognitive specificity does not contain the initiality of the nominative. Pronouns are the subject of a separate analysis in our other works.