bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Enhancement of Motivation and Mathematics Competence Using Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach on The 2nd Grade of SDN 1 Srowot
Authors: Sampi Sampi
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan motivasi belajar
siswa kelas II SD N 1 Srowot tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dengan pendekatan Realistic
Mathematics Education (RME). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).
Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan yang terdiri
atas perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah
siswa Kelas II SDN 1 Srowot yang berjumlah 23 peserta didik. Sumber data berasal dari guru
dan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, tes dan
dokumentasi. Validitas data dengan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data
menggunakan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
persentase ketuntasan klasikal pratindakan, siklus I yang semula yaitu 50% meningkat menjadi
73% dan pada siklus II menjadi meningkat ke dalam presentase 100%. Peningkatan
keterampilan matematika dalam materi pecahan dengan menggunakan bangun datar dengan
pendekatan RME yang diterapkan pada peserta didik Kelas II SD N 1 Srowot meningkat yang
semula pada siklus I yaitu 70 menjadi 81,5 pada siklus II dan dapat dikategorikan sangat baik.
Improvement of Thematic Learning Outcomes through Problem Based Learning Model in Class III Theme 3 Students SDN 1 Kebondalem
Authors: Muntoif Ali
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran Tematik siswa kelas III
dengan menggunakan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) berbantuanMedia Power
Point.Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ( PTK ) sebanyak dua siklus,
Dengan setiap siklusnya teridiri dari satu pertemuan. Tahapan setiap siklusnya adalah
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan reflex. Setiap pertemuan dilakukan pre test dan post
test untuk mengetahui perkembangan peserta didik. Pada siklus I peserta didik yang tuntas
setelah melaksanakan post test sebesar 60%. Pada siklus II peserta didik yang tuntas setelah
melaksanakan post test sebesar 90%. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran
Project Based Learning (PjBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik khususnya mupel
Tematik Tema :3 Benda di Sekitarku Kelas III di SDN I Kebondalem
Discussion Methods to Improve Student’s Learning Achievement on Social Studies Lessons about Cooperation in Fourth Grade Girimulyo Elementary School
Authors: Suharto Suharto
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan prestasi belajar untuk mata pelajaran IPS pada
siswa dengan menggunakan meode diskusi. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian
Tindalan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Tahapan setiap siklusnya adalah
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksipenulis melakukan observasi serta
memberikan tes formatif dalam setiap siklusnya untuk mengetahui perkembangan peserta didik.
Pada siklus 1 peserta didik yang mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM mencapai 63%. Setelah
dilaksanakan perbaikan di siklus 2 nilai peserta didik yang mencapai KKM yaitu 92% hasil ini
menunjukkan bahwa metode diskusi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik dlam
pembelajaran IPS tentang koperasi di kelas 4 SDN Girimulyo.
The Purpose of This Study Was to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills in The Civics Muple in Graduate Sentences in Class 4
Authors: Setiyawan Cahyo Kurmai
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve students' critical thinking skills in Civics muple class IV with the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative learning model. The research conducted was two cycles of Class Action Research (CAR), with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 58%. In the second cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 75%. These results indicate that the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative model can improve student learning outcomes, especially Civics muple at SD Negeri 2 Besuki.
Application of Make A Match Type to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in SDN Batiombo 02
Authors: Surtini Surtini
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve science learning achievement in the material Classification of Animals based on their Food through the Scientific approach with the Make A MActh Strategy for grade V 1st semester students of SDN Batiombo 02, Bandar District, Batang Regency, 2020/2021 academic year. This research is a Classroom Action Research through three learning processes carried out through pre-cycle stages on October 22, Cycle I on November 16, 2020 and Cycle II on November 23, 2020. The results of learning improvements are from the initial conditions before the action only 3 students ( 30%) who completed with KKM 70, in the first cycle learning completeness increased to 10 students (67%). Through cycle II student learning completeness again increased to 14 students (93%) of the total number of grade 5 students.Thus, through the scientific approach, Make A Macth strategy can increase students' understanding of Animal Classification material based on food in grade V semester 1 SDN Batiombo 02 District Bandar Batang Regency Academic Year 2020/2021.
Efforts to Improve Thematic Learning Results through Problem Based Learning Model With Power Point Media For Class 2nd Students
Authors: Jayanti Chorina Dwi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is that students can read simple words and sentences fluently and accurately through letter card games. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (PTK) in three cycles. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle, the students who completed after carrying out the post test were 73.3%. In cycle II students who completed after carrying out the post test were 90%. These results indicate that reading fluently through the letter card game can improve student learning outcomes, especially Indonesian language muple at SDN 02 Kebagusan.
 
Improvement of Interest And Learning Results of Science with Problem Based Learning Model in SD Negeri Keteleng 02
Authors: Setiyadi Fera
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to increase the interest and learning outcomes of students in the science muple in grade IV elementary schools with the Problem Based Learning (PBM) learning model. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) in three cycles, with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In cycle I students who completed after carrying out the post test were 74%. In cycle II participants students who complete after carrying out the post test are 100%. These results indicate that the Problem Based Learning (PBM) learning model can improve student learning outcomes, especially Class IV science muple at SDN Keteleng 02.
Improving the Activity of Students Through the Implementation of The Picture and Picture Assisted Media Visual Audio Media in SDN Citembong 01 Bantarsari
Authors: Khaeruman Khaeruman
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research was to improve student learning outcomes in science grade V  elementary schools with a Google meet assisted Project Based Learning (Picture and Picture) learning model.  The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (PTK) with three cycles, with each  cycle consisting of two meetings. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing,  observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the  progress of students. In the first cycle the students who completed after carrying out the post  test were 74%. In the second cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were  87%. In the third cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 90%. These  results indicate that the Project Based Learning (Picture and Picture) learning model can improve student  learning outcomes, especially grade V science at SDN 2 Cilongok.
Improving the Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Learners Through Scientific Approach in SDN Citepus 01
Authors: Sariyah Sariyah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to increase the motivation and learning outcomes of learners in the material PPKn pancasila first practice sila using scientific shortata can improve the motivation and learning outcomes of learners.In the first cycle showed learning motivation (60%) and learning outcomes (55%). In Cycle II, it is able to increase learning motivation (75%)and learning outcomes (80%). In SiklusIII is able to increase learning motivation (95%) and learning outcomes (95%). In The First Cycle, Learning completeness reached 55% with an average value of 70.01. cycle II reaches 80% with an average value of 76.15.In Cycle III it reaches 95% with an average value of 96.00.
Improving the Achievement of Learning Indonesian Through the Problem Based Learning Method in SDN 2 Getas
Authors: Sumaryati Sumaryati
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to increase the interest and learning outcomes of students in the Indonesian language muple in grade III elementary schools with the Problem Based Learning (PBM) learning model. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting was carried out a pretest and post test to determine the development of students in cycle I 75% of students who complete after carrying out post tests. In cycle II participants Students who complete after carrying out the post test are 100%. These results indicate that the Problem Based Learning (PBM) learning model can improve student learning outcomes, especially the Indonesian language muple SDN 2 Getas.
Effort to Improve Science Learning Outcomes with Scientific Approach in SDN 3 Randurejo
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti
Published: September 2021

This Classroom Action Research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Class V students in learning Healthy Food through the application of a scientific approach to Class V Students of SD Negeri 3 Randurejo, Pulokulon District, Grobogan Regency Academic Year 2020/2021. To achieve this goal, a study was conducted. The research in question is a type of classroom action research (PTK) with the dependent variable, namely, increasing the learning outcomes of grade V students in learning the Healthy Food Theme at SD Negeri 3 Randurejo for the academic year 2020/2021, while the independent variable is the use of PPT media through a scientific approach. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and learning outcomes tests. After the data collected will be analyzed using comparative descriptive, while for qualitative data analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis based on the results of observation and reflection. In this classroom action research (CAR), each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. With the research subjects totaling 11 students, in cycle I there were 6 students (54.54%) who completed learning, in Cycle II student learning completeness increased to students (72.72%), in cycle III student learning completeness increased to 10 students (90.90%). By looking at the learning outcomes, the application of science can improve student learning outcomes
Improvement Of Current Reading Abilities Through Letter Card Games For Class 2nd SDN 02 Kebagusan
Authors: Rusiana Nita
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is that students can read simple words and sentences fluently and accurately through letter card games. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (PTK) in three cycles. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle, the students who completed after carrying out the post test were 70,65%. In cycle II students who completed after carrying out the post test were 84,25%. These results indicate that reading fluently through the letter card game can improve student learning outcomes, especially Indonesian language muple at SDN 02 Kebagusan.
Efforts to Increase The Activity Students through Example Non Example Models In Thematic Learning in SD N 1 Karangmalang
Authors: Rumanti Rumanti
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is an effort to increase the activeness of students with the example non example learning model in class 1 thematic learning theme 3 sub-theme 1 morning activities. This research was conducted through a cycle assessment process consisting of four stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting in three cycles of improvement. The conclusions obtained from this study are: (1) Thematic learning with theme 3 sub-themes 1 morning activities using the example non example model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of students. This can be seen from the activeness of students before and after the implementation of the example non example learning model in learning. In the first cycle showed active learning (55%) and learning outcomes (61%). In Cycle II it was able to increase learning activeness (79%) and learning outcomes (85%). In Cycle III was able to increase learning activeness (96%) and learning outcomes (94%).
MENGUKUR KINERJA PENGEOLAAN DANA DESA BERBASIS KOMPETENSI MELALUI PARTISIPASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Maya Yusnita  , Reko Dwi Salfutra
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan dana desa berbasis kompetensi aparatur desa melalui partisipasi masyarakat sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kombinasi dan bersifat eksplanatori (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan SEM Moderating menggunakan SmartPLS (Partial Least Square). Data penelitian adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada 100 responden masyarakat Kecamatan Tempilang Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif variabel kompetensi aparatur desa dan partisipasi masyarkat terhadap kinerja pengelolaan dana desa. Variabel partisipasi masyarakat tidak memoderasi pengaruh kompetensi aparatur desa terhadap kinerja pengelolaan dana desa.
PENGARUH PROSES REKRUTMEN SECARA ONLINE DAN OFFLINE TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN STARTUP
Authors: Sukanta  , Febriana Angelia Purba
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penilaian kinerja karyawan melalui proses rekrutmen secara online dan offline berkaitan masa pandemic Covid-19. Berkaitan itu, maka kebutuhan karyawan tidaklah menginginkan hasil kerja keras dinilai secara subjektif, untuk itu maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penilaian kinerja karyawan melalui proses rekrutmen secara online maupun offline. Dalam penelitian ini variabel dependen kinerja karyawan dan variabel independen proses rekrutmen. Teknik pengambilan sampel nya non-probability sampling, yaitu sampel jenuh pada bagian Information Technology dan Marketing & Product Development. Metode analisis yang digunakan analisis kuantitatif diskritif dengan Human Resources Scorecard. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh proses rekrutmen secara online terhadap kinerja karyawan pada bagian Information Technology sebesar 87,0%, ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Sedangkan pengaruh proses rekrutmen terhadap kinerja karyawan pada bagian Marketing & Product Development sebesar 90,5%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa proses rekrutmen terhadap kinerja karyawan pada bagian Marketing & Product Development berpengaruh secara signifikan
The Relationship between Ecological Intelligence and Media Exposure with Environmentally Friendly Behaviour
Authors: Chomaini Mochamad Ali , Purwanto Agung , Wihardjo Sihadi Darmo
Published: September 2021

The environment in Indonesia is one of the world's centers of biodiversity, known as a mega-biodiversity country. The high diversity does not make Indonesia contribute significantly to environmental improvement. One of the factors that causes it is human behaviour. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent and minimize these behaviours by increasing human resources through the application of ecological intelligence and media exposure to create environmentally friendly behaviour. This research aims to measure the level of ecological intelligence, media exposure, and environmentally friendly behaviour of students and to analyze the relationship between ecological intelligence and media exposure with environmentally friendly behaviour among private junior high school students in DKI Jakarta. This research was conducted at SMP Labschool Kebayoran, SMP Istiqlal Jakarta, and SMP Laboratorium Jakarta in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The method used is quantitative through correlational studies. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling and obtained 90 students. Data collection was carried out using ecological intelligence instruments, media exposure, and environmentally friendly behaviour, then analyzed by normality and homogeneity tests. The results show us that media exposure contributes more than ecological intelligence to form environmentally friendly behaviour.
Pjesme o mačkama za djecu i odrasle
Authors: Matek Ljubica
Published: September 2021

Knjiga starog mačka o mačkama svakodnevnim (Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats, 1939.) zbirka je pjesama Thomasa Stearnsa Eliota, velikana engleskoga pjesništva prve polovice dvadesetoga stoljeća. Izvorno namijenjene djeci, Eliotove pjesme o mačkama interpretativno su bogate i kao takve zahvalno štivo za raznoliku publiku. Ovaj rad bavi se pitanjem imena i identiteta oslanjajući se na književno-animalističko iščitavanje Eliotovih stihova pri čemu se uočava negiranje antropocentrične hijerarhije živih bića. Baveći se identitetom personificiranih mačaka, Eliot potiče čitatelja na humanije razmišljanje o mačkama i svojim živopisnim prikazima mačjih tipova i dogodovština upućuje na to da je njihov život jednako vrijedan i opterećen sličnim problemima kao što su ljudski, evocirajući ono što će se tek desetljećima kasnije nazivati bioetičkim egalitarizmom, posthumanizmom i teorijom identiteta. Dok u pojedinim književnim tekstovima mačke figuriraju samo kao simboli dobre ili loše sreće, smrti, čarobnjaštva, i sličnoga, kod Eliota one su punopravna živa bića koja dijele ovaj zemaljski dom s ljudima i drugim neljudskim bićima.
Reliable Detection of Water Cut in Inlet Piping Under Stratified Flow Conditions for Mature Fields and WIO and OIW Emulsion Layers in Crude Oil Settling Tanks with Novel Sensor Technology
Authors: Laakkonen Pasi , Nissinen Antti , Lehtikangas Ossi , Hartikainen Jouni , Kaunisto Pekka , Tienhaara Mika
Published: September 2021

Objectives/Scope

Mature fields operations, which are almost 70% of today's production have a high water cut content. For each barrel of oil produced there can be 3 or more barrels of water. This means that operational conditions are challenging and might not be ideal for the facilities. In crude oil tanks, one of the most crucial operation parameter is the settling time of oil and water. Especially with heavy oils and high water cut, the operational conditions can be challenging with the existence of emulsion/rag layers in the tank. Most common level detection instrumentation struggle with detecting the proper interface levels leading to faulty control that can cause costly remediation and loss of revenue. This paper presents a novel solution by applying electric tomography pipe and probe sensors.

Methods, Procedures, Process

In electrical tomography, multiple electrodes are attached on the surface of the sensor and excitations are applied to some electrodes and responses are measured from other electrodes. Assuming a fast separation in the following crude oil tank, the operator expects the flow being stratified already in incoming trunk line. In real life this is not often the case: The incoming flow is turbulent meaning that there is no clear water/oil interface. To overcome this a pipe sensor is needed to monitor the flow regime and hence there is a possibility to control the a) chemical feed and b) flow speed to get the flow stratified.

As soon as the flow is stratified in a trunk line it will be guided to a crude oil settling tank for an additional separation. In this tank there is a possibility to apply a probe sensor to monitor reliably the emulsion layer between water and oil. This allows settling time, process parameters and chemicals to be optimized to get a clear separation and hence improving the oil and water quality for a further processing.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Results from pipe sensor operation in crude oil pipelines will be shared. The results will show an accurate water cut profile across the pipe cross section even under stratified flow conditions.

Additionally, probe sensor results in a crude oil tank operation will be shared and hence confirming the reliability and robustness of the probe sensor operation in tanks.

One of the key features of the pipe and probe sensors is the full functionality even under severe contamination with deposits on the sensor surfaces. The operational principle of this method will be shared and verified by experimental results.

Novel/Additive Information

The sensor technology for the tank inspection and piping uses novel electrical tomography with compact electronic and fast-acting computation with high resolution. This type of technology for settling tank application is new.
Fast, Environmentally Sound and Efficient Well Clean-Up Operations: Lessons Learned and Best Practices from Operations Around the World
Authors: Shumakov Yakov , Hollaender Florian , Zhandin Alexander
Published: September 2021

Well clean-up is one of the most complex operations performed at the wellsite today. During clean-up, a well is flowing for the first time after initial completion or workover operations through temporary surface facilities to either conduct a welltest or to simply condition the well before connecting it to production facilities. Currently, there are no practical recommendations available that would summarize clean-up experiences and guide operating companies through the process of efficiently planning well clean-up operations.

Conventional well clean-up operations are inherently challenging owing to the requirements for accurate data measurements, safe handling and disposal of produced fluids (hydrocarbons, completion brine, water, and solids). Experience has shown that it is nearly impossible to perform well clean up within pre-defined constraints and target criteria without an appropriate design, equipment selection and operations planning to account for the specificities of each situation.

Steady-state flow simulators have been the standard tool to model pressure and temperature changes along the wellbore and through temporary production system during well clean-up process. Those assume either final stabilized conditions or a limited number of intermediate ones and formed the basis for equipment selection. But this approach has critical limitations in modelling flowing well behavior and fast-changing flowing conditions, and therefore in assessing operational flow assurance risks and the dynamic capability of the surface plant to handle produced fluids.

The paper describes in detail today's challenges during well clean-up operations that combine the need for operational safety, minimal environmental footprint and flow assurance considerations that have to be balanced with costs and production performance optimization. The paper provides practical recommendations and presents multiple case studies highlighting the results and lessons learned from applying a novel, unique workflow based on the application of a transient-multiphase flow simulator. Combined with modern well-testing equipment such as modern test separators, remotely actuated adjustable chokes or environmentally friendly fluid disposal techniques, such advanced design allows performing clean-up operations efficiently while remaining within time, rates, pressure or emissions limits.
Pump Up the Volume - Massive Water Injection Increase through Open Water Stimulations
Authors: Roy Alistair , Bird Anastasia , Bremner Samuel , Winstone Lara , Hashimov Rustam , Weir Doug , Espinoza Perez Judith
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the evolution of subsea stimulation treatments within one field including a novel dual vessel approach that was developed and successfully implemented on multiple wells. The methodology that enabled stimulations of high volume, complexity and precision is described, including observed results and opportunities for continuous improvement. In a harsh low oil price environment such cost-efficient stimulations can unlock additional potential for many subsea developments.

Three West of Shetlands (WoS) injectors stimulation campaigns successfully delivered 11 subsea well treatments with a novel dual vessel batch approach in 2020 delivering operations of outstanding efficiency and reservoir results while driving costs down. A construction vessel provided remotely operated vehicle (ROV) support including deploying the well control package, whereas the stimulation vessel ran its own downline to facilitate optimized use of its dedicated pumping system and large chemical handling capacity. To enable deep water stimulation, the quick connect downline was engineered and project specific equipment installed onto the stimulation vessel allowing deployment to 450m water depth.

Notable cost reductions in excess of 34% were achieved utilizing the efficiency offered by manifold entry for batch treatments to minimise the number of subsea re-connection operations while the stimulation vessel allowed much larger bulk loadouts and optimised the number of vessel loadings for continuous operations. This novel dual vessel approach for batch subsea stimulations allowed multiple well access through ‘daisy chains’ within isolated pipeline segments, while keeping injection operations live to other wells from the Glen Lyon Floating Production Storage and Offloading Vessel (FPSO) in the Schiehallion field.

Improved HSE performance was achieved through reduced chemical handling and transportation. Real time data solutions for onshore monitoring were developed which aided the management of COVID-19 risks. The post-stimulation injection rate from the stimulation has signifcantly improved in all wells, resulting in large additional injection capacity for the field. Maintaining increased injection capacity has proved to be a challenge. The acquired understanding regarding water quality and longevity of treatments will allow identification of further continuous improvement opportunities to enable sustainable stimulation results.
The Use of Controlled Dissolution Glasses to Consolidate and Create Permeable or Impermeable Minerals in Formation
Authors: Olsen Max , Hatlebakk Ragni , Holcroft Chris , Stavland Arne , Giske Nils Harald , Magallanes Marlin
Published: September 2021

Scope

Controlled dissolution glasses form a permanent consolidating mineral matrix inside formations with either permeable or impermeable properties. The unique solution has a low injection viscosity and can be easily injected into a wide range of formations. The application method is simple and does not require multiple fluids or pre- and post-flushing. This paper focuses on the benefits of controlled dissolution glasses and potential applications in the oil and gas industry.

Methods, Procedures, Process

Controlled dissolution glasses have been researched extensively by Glass Technology Services (GTS) since 1999 for the biomedical industry, nuclear waste storage industry, and defense and aerospace industries. GTS together with operators have been performing research and development for the oil industry over the last 10 years.

The research investigated different glass compositions to determine their injectability and change in formation properties post-treatment. Sandstone, chalk, and shale formations were used in the testing. Flow testing using a Hoek cell and a core flood apparatus was used to determine the post-treatment permeability. For post-treatment strength measurement, Brazilian tensile strength tests and modified cone penetration tests were used to determine tensile strength and shear strength respectively. The testing evaluated different mixing fluids, such as water and different brines, compatibility, corrosion testing, and concentrations.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The testing identified different glass compositions and concentrations that are suitable for different applications and formations. Certain glass compositions increase tensile strength significantly while also maintaining the permeability in the formation. Other glass compositions have similar tensile strength increase, but result in an impermeable seal. The liquid glass solutions react with the formation to form a mineral precipitation inside the formation. The reaction with the formation occurs quickly at downhole conditions, within hours of placement. The glass can be mixed with water and variety of brines to form a stable solution across a range of densities.

The testing and results to date have laid the foundation for use in a variety of consolidation and P&A applications in oil and gas wells. Testing is ongoing for a chalk and sandstone consolidation solution and for a sealing solution.

Novel/Additive Information

These novel glass solutions can solve many of the production and instability challenges that plague weak formations. The glasses can be injected into very low permeability formation to either seal or consolidate.
Feasibility of Repurposing Offshore Decommissioned Gas Rigs into Fish Farms
Authors: Pal Saptarshi , Kuo Chengi
Published: September 2021

In the past 70 years the world has relied extensively for its energy needs based on hydrocarbons produced significantly offshore. In recent years many installations with fixed platforms and pipelines are reaching the end of their useful life and are required by law to be decommissioned and removed if an approved alternative use cannot be found. This process coincides with focus on decarbonization arising from global warming and climate change. The conventional way of decommissioning is to remove the structure and take it onshore for disposal. Such an activity costs around £28 million for smaller UKCS installations in the Southern North Sea. Possible alternative solutions include their use as a research-leisure complex and artificial reef. Such an approach would have less impact on the environment and it is therefore worthwhile to explore the feasibility of repurposing these decommissioned UKCS platforms.

The paper begins by highlighting the background to UKCS offshore decommissioning and farming fish life-cycle. This is followed by a critical review of the three options of total and partial removals and leave-on-site. It is found that repurposing decommissioned platforms for aquaculture farm has not been given sufficient attention and thus offers scope for a project to explore the feasibility of such a solution. Existing offshore fish farming in various countries are examined before using a decision-making matrix to select the most suitable UKCS installation for conversion and this led to using a normally unattended gas platform for the case study.

The focus for this paper is on design and operation of an unattended fish farm and its cost benefit analysis. The former covers fish cage selection, capacity calculation, fish handling procedures, fish feed characteristics, feed demand, designing feed logistics and storage system. The processing facilities are layout on two decks and power needs are generated using a hybrid system of diesel and Li-ion battery. The possibility of using renewable sources by connecting to wind energy grids was also considered. For the latter capital and operating expenditure, revenue generated and maintenance costs are estimated before performing net present value prediction of the profitability of the fish farm over 10 years with for example up to 8 cages and three discount rates.

The main conclusions derived are: It is technically feasible to convert a decommissioned gas platform to a fish farm and the operation can be economic. However, liability transfer implications in a repurposed offshore decommissioned gas platforms to fish farms were not established to verify the project viability.

The conversion of unattended offshore gas platforms in the UKCS to an automated offshore fish farm is a novel solution which has not been implemented in the North Sea before. The work will provide an economic and environmental friendly solution to decommissioning offshore platforms and provide with a possible profitable investment.
Net Zero Facilities - Green Power Generation Offshore
Authors: Varney James , Dyson Richard
Published: September 2021

The largest contributor to operational emissions from upstream oil and gas operations is power generation from gas turbines (contributing 13.2M tonnes of CO2 and 67.5% of offshore emissions in 2018).

To meet global climate targets, it is critical that the oil and gas industry address the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from its operations.

Given that production facilities built today may operate for 20-30 years, they must be future-proofed for ongoing operation; in this timeframe, industries, governments and countries have committed to significant reductions in emissions. If facilities are not designed with green power in mind, there is a risk that carbon pricing may cause projects to become uneconomic before their planned end-of-life - an expensive folly.

To meet GHG emission targets and de-risk projects it is essential that operators design, and construct facilities powered by green sources. This will future-proof their operations, ensuring that operators are active participants in a carbon neutral future. This is a tenet for survival in a world with pressure to decarbonise from shareholders, financial institutions and society itself. This paper presents a pathway to a green powered facility, identifying the associated opportunities and challenges.

A Decision Quality framework was used to identify methods for achieving green powered facilities including:

Power import from green sources (onshore and offshore) Green Power Purchase Agreements Renewable microgrids Integration with hydrogen networks Facility demanning to reduce power demand Engineered offsetting methods (excluding nature-based offsetting) Digital Transformation of design and operations - remote operation and monitoring.

Design concepts were created to test solutions to removing gas turbines from offshore facilities. Traditional approaches to facility design were challenged at every level and an optimal, green-powered design was identified based on the above assessments integrating the latest techniques and technology. The study team determined the potential limits to offshore electrification and identified solutions to the typical barriers found in these types of project.

This paper demonstrates that a 75% reduction in emissions is achievable with current technology, in a grid with a high renewables component. The opportunities and challenges of net-zero power generation are presented, and a hierarchy of technologies show those which have the biggest impact. This will allow operators to make decisions on areas that present the biggest targets for power generation emissions reduction. The methodology can be adapted to any geographical region, considering available local infrastructure.

With grid-connected systems, as the grid decarbonises, so too will the offshore operations. The approach presented can be applied across many industries; long lifespan, capital intensive projects with large GHG footprints are particularly vulnerable to carbon taxes. These projects have much to gain from adopting green power generation early in system design.
Treatment Outcomes of Anterior Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation Using an Acromioclavicular Joint Hook Plate Versus a Locking Plate: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qu Yanzhen , Xie Xudong , Zhou Wu , Xia Tian , Cao Faqi , Mi Bobin , Xiong Yuan , Ye Zhewei , Liu Guohui
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to compare the efficacy and functional outcomes of using an acromioclavicular joint hook plate (AJHP) versus a locking plate (LP) in the treatment of anterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation.Methods: Seventeen patients with anterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation were retrospectively analyzed from May 2014 to September 2019. Six patients were surgically treated with an AJHP, and 11 were surgically treated with an LP. Five male and one female patients composed the AJHP group, and nine male and two female patients composed the LP group. The mean age of all patients was 49.5 years.Results: Reduction and fixation were performed with AJHP or LP in all 17 patients. All patients were followed up for a mean duration of 14.4 months. There were no reported complications, wound infections, or instances of plate or screw breakage. The mean operative blood loss, operative time, and length of incision in the AJHP group were significantly better than those in the LP group. Shoulder girdle movement of the AJHP group was significantly better than that of the LP group.Conclusions: This study revealed that AJHP facilitated glenohumeral joint motion, reduced the risk of rupture of mediastinal structures, required a shorter incision, and had lesser blood loss and a shorter duration of operation compared with LP. However, some deficiencies require further improvement.
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning and Pattern Matching Techniques for Deep Packet Inspection in Firewalls
Authors: BibalBenifa J.V. , Krishnann Saravanan , Long Hoang , Kumar Raghvendra , Taniar David
Published: September 2021

Malware is essentially one of the major security issues that have the potential to break the computer operations instantly. Majority of the internet attacks are caused by malwares that are being distributed through HTTP over the Internet. A Firewall is essential to prevent such internet attacks for enhancing the security measures. The most efficient method to prevent Intrusion in the network is Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), which is presently implemented in advanced firewalls. This research work intends to detect and prevent the intrusion in the network using a hybrid method with DPI, Pattern Matching (PM), and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. In this present work, a hybrid method which involves the functionalities of both DPI and ML is used for classification and identification of attacks. Here, DPI is done by Boyer-Moore-Horspool (BMHP) pattern matching algorithm and ten ML algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Linear-SVM (L-SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost (Ada), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaNB) and Bernouli Naive Bayes (BeNB) are employed for classification. Subsequently, the proposed work is evaluated in a sequential and parallel manner and it is customized for identifying the fuzzy, impersonation and Denial of Service (DoS)-based attacks. The proposed system is analyzed in different dimensions such as performance of ML methods and role of DPI in attack identification including the pattern matching efficiency. From the investigation, it is identified that BMHP algorithm has the least time and memory consumed values about 0.0028 sec and 125.4 Mib respectively. Similarly, SVM has the accuracy of 99.91% with the least time and memory consumed values about 18.185 sec and 303.5 MiB respectively.
Case Report: Giant Thyroid Cyst with Critical Airway Compresion
Authors: Torrente Irene Grao , Cabezudo Fátima Sánchez - , Vaquero María Antonia , Mate Paloma , Nuñez Sara , Balsa Jose Antonio , Novo Susana , Picardo Antonio Luis
Published: September 2021

Thyroid nodules with cystic component are common and the vast majority of them do not cause symptoms. Their neck location, close to airway and vascular structures, makes them a potentially life-threating condition if they become bigger or suffer from an acute haemorrhage. In this case report we expose the case of a twenty-two year old man who went to our emergency service suffering from odynophagia and neck swelling. He was diagnosed with giant thyroid cyst and critical tracheal compression. Initially, in order to relieve symptoms, we carried out two ultrasound-guided aspirations; later, as final treatment, the patient underwent thyroid lobectomy. He progressed successfully without postoperative complications. In our experience, surgery is an effective and definitive treatment to consider in cases for big thyroid cyst in young patients.
Weak Sharp Minima for Interval-Valued Functions and its Primal-Dual Characterizations Using Generalized Hukuhara Subdifferentiability
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Ghosh Debdas , Kumar Gourav
Published: September 2021

This article introduces the concept of weak sharp minima (WSM) for convex interval-valued functions (IVFs). To identify a set of WSM of a convex IVF, we provide its primal and dual characterizations. The primal characterization is given in terms of gHdirectional derivatives. On the other hand, to derive dual characterizations, we propose the notions of the support function of a subset of I(R) n and gH-subdifferentiability for convex IVFs. Further, we develop the required gH-subdifferential calculus for convex IVFs. Thereafter, by using the proposed gH-subdifferential calculus, we provide dual characterizations for the set of WSM of convex IVFs.
Information Technology in the Dissemination of Results of the Primary Health Care Evaluation in Brazil: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Junior Osvaldo de Goes Bay , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Martiniano Cláudia dos Santos , Melo Lygia Maria de Figueiredo , de Souza Marize Barros , Lopes Monique da Silva , Coelho Ardigleusa Alves , Rocha Paulo de Medeiros , Pinheiro Themis Xavier de Albuquerque , Rocha Nadja de Sá Pinto Dantas , Uchôa Severina Alice da Costa
Published: September 2021

Background: Considering advancements in information technology for disseminating results of evaluations, it is essential to demonstrate the functionalities and performance of these practices in order to achieve the objectives established by the evaluation proponents. This study aimed to evaluate the use of information technology for disseminating results obtained from the Primary Health Care evaluation in Brazil. Methods: A qualitative single-case study was performed with triangulation of techniques and key informants. Analyses of public documents and field research were conducted. Convenience sample of 54 participants (seven from the Department of Primary Care/Ministry of Health and 47 from teaching and research institutions) was selected from the external evaluation team. Content analysis was performed, and the Atlas ti.8.4.24 software organized, managed, and categorized textual data. Codification was performed by peers (three researchers) while experts validated codes (two researchers). Right after, codes were extracted and categorized.Results: Dissemination of results is complex due to multiple components. Incorporation also favored advances in data observation and implementation of data openness, becoming available for professionals, policymakers, and universities. Challenges regarding delivery time of reports, access restriction, lack of interest, and digital skills influenced reaching expected goals of the proponent.Conclusion: Information technology for disseminating results of evaluations may improve performance of health teams and managers and redefine priorities of work processes to strengthen Primary Health Care. Emphasis in planning, technological infrastructure, digital inclusion, and policy decision making is recommended to disseminate data effectively to the population.
A Hybrid Landslide Susceptibility Model Obtained from Different Models (Raster or Vector, Expert or Semi-Expert) with the Correct Parameter
Authors: Cihangir Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine how to choose the correct parameter for a specific study area in landslide susceptibility and how it gives results in vector or raster-based models. In the literature, factor parameters of landslide preparing and triggering conditions are used deliberately or randomly in raster or vector-based models. In this study, the landslide inventory was analyzed together with geological, topographic-morphological, environmental, and triggering parameters, and the parameters specific to the study area and its scale were decided. In order to obtain high efficiency from the models, the parameter data were taken from the landslide depletion zone. Raster-based models and vector-based models were created according to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Model outputs resulted in close Roc Curve results ranging from 0.79 to 0.92. The study area was divided into slope units and then the model output data were transferred to these units. In order to make the result easier to use, the units obtained according to the result of each model were combined, thus a single map output was obtained from 5 different raster and vector-based models. Overall, this study presents 1) the importance of the use of landslide inventory and how to use the inventory. 2) Parameters should be selected according to field analysis and field-scale rather than randomly. 3) By combining raster and vector-based on landslide susceptibility studies, make it easier to use as a base map in hazard and risk studies with a single output.
Can Financial Development Curb Carbon Emissions? —Empirical Test Based on Spatial Perspective
Authors: Liu Xueyang , Liu Xiaoxing
Published: September 2021

To respond to global climate change and achieve "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" as soon as possible has become a common goal around the world. Economic growth relies heavily on financial development; indeed, low-carbon economic development is inseparable from financial support. This paper studies the impact of financial development on carbon emission intensity and its mechanism from both theoretical and empirical aspects. Based on the 2005–2018 data on Chinese cities and the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) research results, this paper finds: (1) Financial development has significantly reduced China's carbon emission intensity overall. After considering spatial effects, financial development increased local carbon emission intensity, although it may lead to a more significant decrease in the surrounding area. (2) The analysis of heterogeneity shows that only the financial development in the eastern region has a substantial detrimental impact on total carbon emission intensity and the carbon emission intensity of neighboring cities. The financial development in the central and western regions has no significant effect on carbon emission intensity. (3) The mechanism test shows that financial development mainly reduces carbon emission intensity through technological innovation and structural optimization, with the effect of technological innovation 9.5%, and the effect of structural optimization 12.15%. The expansion of the consumption effects of financial development has no significant impact on carbon emission intensity. Accordingly, this article believes that it is necessary to further support financial development, build large-scale financial centers, continue to optimize the structure of financial products and encourage the development of green finance.