bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gottes Kalkül und (k)ein Ereignis
Authors: Seelbach Ulrich
Published: March 2019

In 1633 the armies of Wallenstein and the united armies of Saxony, Brandenburg and Sweden met in front of the city of Schweidnitz. Instead of fighting a battle, a truce was agreed on August 22. On this day, one of the Protestants’ hopes, Prince Ulrich of Denmark, fell victim to an attack. And in the enclosed city hunger and plague raged for weeks. How these two events were treated or even ignored in contemporary newsletters, and how poets interpreted the events, is presented here. Analyzed texts stem from Daniel Czepko and the Lutheran preacher Friedrich Scholtz, who wrote an epic poem in honor of Schweidnitz.
Dreißigjähriger Krieg und Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Böning Holger
Published: March 2019

This study considers print media produced during the Thirty Years War, focusing on the fact – largely unknown by most historians of the war - that this was the first war in human history to be accompanied by newspapers printed on a regular weekly basis. It assesses the effectiveness of newspaper coverage of political, diplomatic and military affairs and the characteristics of war reporting. Little of what, in historiography, is generally counted among the arcana imperii remained hidden from the readers. A history of the war could be written on the basis of the newspaper reports alone. With very few exceptions, every battle and siege was covered in great detail. No other media shadowed the events of the war as closely as the newspapers, which present a unique narrative of the war and revealing insights into these historical events. They represent an indispensable historiographical source, constituting an initial draft historical narrative from a contemporary perspective.
“Krieg/ groß Sterben/ vnd Hungers pein/| Bringt mit sich der Cometen schein”
Authors: van de Löcht Joana
Published: March 2019

The comet that was visible in the sky over Europe during the winter of 1618/19 was often interpreted as a harbinger of the coming Thirty Years War. This article examines since when a connection between the comet as a celestial phenomenon and the historical event was drawn and how the budding war influenced the medial feedback regarding the comet. To this end, different types of publications are compared to reactions to the previous comet from the year 1607.
Umkämpftes Monopol. Die Russlandroute im Netzwerk des armenischen Seidenhandels
Authors: Ganjalyan Tamara
Published: March 2019

Der Artikel beschreibt Geschichte und Bedeutung der Tätigkeiten armenischer Orienthändler vor allem im Handel mit persischer Rohseide über den Kaspi-Wolgahandelsweg als Teil des globalen Handels- und Kommunikationsnetzwerkes der armenischen Kaufleute von Neu Julfa. Den Rahmen bilden sowohl internationale wie später auch innerarmenische Konkurrenz um das Recht auf Transithandel durch Russland sowie der Kampf russischer Kaufleute gegen die Bevorzugung der Armenier auf wirtschaftlich-rechtlichem Gebiet.
Pierre le Grand et les duchés du Nord au début du XVIIIe siècle : entre considérations dynastiques et intérêts économiques
Authors: Félicité Indravati
Published: March 2019

Au début du XVIIIe siècle, Pierre le Grand conclut des alliances matrimo-niales avec différentes maisons princières allemandes. L’article présente dans un premier temps les négociations préliminaires à ces unions. Puis, la publicité faite à ces mariages dans des ouvrages consacrés aux implications diplomatiques de ces alliances, ainsi que leur interprétation politique sont étudiées. Pour conclure, la perception de ces événements par les observa-teurs contemporains et leur représentation dans des revues scientifiques du XVIIIe siècle sont analysées.
Loan Verb Integration in Michif
Authors: Antonov Anton
Published: March 2019

This paper looks at the different ways French (and English) loan verbs are being integrated in Michif, a mixed language (the noun system is French, the verbal one is Cree) based upon two dictionaries of the language. The detailed study of the available data has shown that loan verbs are almost exclusively assigned to the vai class, i.e. a class of verbs whose single core argument is animate. This seems natural enough given that the overwhelming majority of them do have an animate core participant in the donor language as well. Still, quite a few of them can be transitive. This is accounted for by claiming that vai is the most ‘neutral’ inflectional class of Cree as far as morphology and argument structure are concerned as verbs in this class can be syntactically both intransitive and transitive.

Finally, all of the loan verbs examined have Cree equivalents and so the claim that they were borrowed because of the lack of a corresponding Cree verb in the language is difficult to accept at face value.
Verbal Valency and Japhug / Tibetan Language Contact
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the case of a language with rich indexation and limited case marking (Japhug) extensively borrowing verbs from a language without indexation but with case marking (an unattested Tibetic language close to the ancestor of Amdo Tibetan). It provides a comprehensive survey of the argument structure and transitivity categories of Japhug verbs of Tibetic origin in comparison with those of the corresponding verbs in Amdo Tibetan, the attested Tibetic language closest to the donor of loanwords into Japhug. This survey shows that verbs of Tibetic origin are fully integrated morphosyntactically into Japhug, and that with a few exceptions, the argument structure of the original verb is predictable from that of the Japhug verb.
Huang Pilie and the Rituals of Book Collecting during an Age of Prosperity
Authors: Campbell Duncan
Published: March 2019

Apart from a number of brief visits to the capital required of him by his (unsuccessful) participation in the civil service examinations, the Suzhou bibliophile Huang Pilie 黃丕烈 (1765-1825) journeyed almost nowhere. Instead, books made their way to him, in great numbers. Huang devoted more than thirty years of his life to the acquisition, copying, and collating of ancient editions. He was one of the most important book collectors of what has been regarded as the golden age of private book collecting in China, the half-century covering the late years of the reign of the Qianlong emperor (1711-1799; r. 1736-1795) and the entire reign of the Jiaqing emperor (1760-1820; r. 1796-1820), an ‘Age of Prosperity’ (shengshi 盛世). For almost a decade between 1801 and 1811, this library owner, editor, bibliographer, publisher, and, in his final year, (again, somewhat unsuccessfully) bookseller, who styled himself as the Master besotted with imprints of the Song dynasty (Ning Song zhuren 佞宋主人) and was the owner of the famous Hundred Song Imprints in a Single Shed (Bai Song yichan 百宋一廛), also conducted a book ritual (ji shu 祭書) of his own devising whereby, every New Year’s Eve, he would lay out before a select number of guests his best acquisitions of the preceding year and undertake rituals more usually associated with ancestor worship. My paper discusses aspects of Huang Pilie’s life and work as a book collector with reference particularly to the 800 or so extant colophons he wrote for books either in his own collection or in those of his acquaintances.
Policing: Monitoring, Investigating and Prosecuting ‘Drones’
Authors: Fox Sarah Jane
Published: March 2019

The policing role is constantly changing and becoming more challenging, with the uk seeing reduced numbers and financial cuts. Going forward, it is likely that the police will become more involved in the policing of drones. This research looks at the governance of drones from a top down approach – international-regional-national. The legislative complexity is first reviewed before investigating the blurring of roles between Aviation Administration-Authorities and the police. Focus is given regionally to the eu and nationally to the uk with a comparison study of the usa. The research considers the developing remit of the police and who should police drones at a national level. The research finds that currently, the police are under-trained in this subject area and there is insufficient coordination with the national Aviation Authorities.
Diachronic and Synchronic Phonology of Southeastern Yiddish
Authors: Glasser Paul
Published: March 2019

Present-day Southeastern Yiddish (sey) is a relatively young dialect, probably formed after the Khmelnytskyy massacres of 1648. Was the primary force in its historical phonology the influence of coterritorial languages, of other dialects, or internal factors? How important was the role of homonymy and the functional load of specific phonemes? Internal factors that may have had the greatest influence on the development of sey are best sought in the transitional dialects on the fringes of sey.
The Westerner: Matteo Ricci’s World Map and the Quandaries of European Identity in the Late Ming Dynasty
Authors: Morar Florin-Stefan
Published: March 2019

Beginning with the late Ming dynasty, Europeans in China assumed the name of “people from the Great Western Ocean” (Daxiyang ren 大西洋人), often shortened to “Ocean people” (yang ren 洋人) or “Western people” (xi ren 西人). What is the origin of this name? This paper seeks to answer this question by suggesting a new interpretation of the cartography of Matteo Ricci. Much of the scholarly debate about the Ricci world map revolves around the notion that it was a scientific artifact meant to present an accurate image of the world to a willfully ignorant, but otherwise impressive civilization. This paper argues instead that the purpose of Ricci’s cartographic project was to sustain a new identity, that of the Westerner and of the “Great West,” notions created in translation by borrowing and modifying Ming China’s geopolitical vocabulary.
Jesuit Scientists in Science-Fiction Novels*
Authors: Udías Agustín
Published: March 2019

The appearance of Jesuit scientists in science-fiction novels, often as the main characters, is an interesting and little-known fact. Some have even suggested that this feature may characterize a specific sub-genre of such novels. The quality and the themes vary greatly, and it is not clear what moves authors to include Jesuits. This article reviews ten of these novels, noting their great variety in plot and approach, as well as the frequent use of space travel and contact with intelligent aliens. In general, the presence of Jesuit characters allows the authors to introduce a religious perspective, but can also be interpreted as a recognition of the Jesuit tradition in scientific fields.
Role Conceptions and Belligerent Foreign Policy: Why Russia is Remaking the International Order
Authors: Akin Andrew M.
Published: March 2019

An ever-growing body of scholarship on Russian foreign policy focuses attention to redefining concepts such as sovereignty and power. Aggressive and successful Russian foreign policy initiatives in the last decade give urgency and relevancy to such initiatives, from invading Georgia to deploying an aircraft carrier to support ground operations in Syria. While these proactive Russian foreign policies may characterize a reclamation of Russia’s great power status in the international community, I argue that the goal of Russia’s foreign policy is to create a new system, not beholden to the u.s.-led Western world. By undermining the legitimacy of Western style democracy and pushing the boundaries of existing norms in the international community, Russian President Vladimir Putin offers a new construct for international relations: the polycentric world order. Using Role Theory, I discuss the domestic and international pressures on the Russian state to create its identity and the evolution of Russian roles in previous international systems. Formal leader statements and official policy documents provide evidence of the changing roles Russia plays in the international arena, while role theory provides an explanatory context for the purpose of new Russian foreign policy.
Four new South African monotypic grass-feeding leafhopper genera and a revision of Lecacis (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae)
Authors: STILLER MICHAEL
Published: March 2019

Four new monotypic leafhopper genera in Deltocephalinae and their type species are described: Ochromelanus brachyphallus gen.n. & sp.n. (Deltocephalini), Teinopterus microphallus gen.n. & sp.n. (Paralimnini), Tytthuspilus onychophallus gen.n. & sp.n. (Paralimnini) and Umeqi okhahlamba gen.n. & sp.n. (Paralimnini). These genera and species are associated with grass mainly in the Fynbos and Grassland Biomes of South Africa. The revision of Lecacis Theron (Paralimnini) concerns the redescription of the male type species of L. platypennis, the new description of the female, and two new species. Lecacis species appear to be distributed somewhat randomly in the Grassland and Savanna Biome of South Africa.
A new genus of cricket near to Miogryllus and Kazuemba from the Colombian Atlantic coast and the first report of Gryllodes sigillatus from Colombia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Modicogryllini)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J.
Published: March 2019

Faguagryllus luteolus n. gen. et n. sp., from the Colombian Atlantic coast is described and illustrated. The relation with the genera Miogryllus Saussure, 1877 and Kazuemba Mello, 1990 is discussed; as well as their inclusion in Modicogryllini. Gryllodes sigillatus is reported for Colombia, with distribution data of the examined specimens, and the allocation of figures of Gryllodes species in Otte 2006 is corrected.
Revision of the genus Filellum Hincks, 1868 (Lafoeidae, Leptothecata, Hydrozoa)
Authors: MARQUES ANTONIO C. , CANTERO ÁLVARO L. PEÑA , MIRANDA THAÍS P. , MIGOTTO ALVARO E.
Published: March 2019

A taxonomic review of the cosmopolitan genus Filellum was performed considering morphology, morphometry and cnidome. Species for which we had access to materials were redescribed and morphologically characterized based on optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The materials examined belong to museum collections, including type specimens. All records found in the literature were checked. Our analyses confirmed the validity of 10 out of the 18 nominal species referred to the genus, and established four others (F. adnatum, F. bouvieri, F. contortum and F. plicatum) as species inquirenda. A new species, Filellum bouvetensis sp. nov., is described. The species Reticularia annulata Watson, 1973, type species of the genus Corystolona Watson, 2002, has its type specimen referred to the genus Filellum, composing Filellum annulatum (Watson, 1973). We provide a key for the identification of the valid species of the genus Filellum.
Monographic revision of the endemic Helix mazzullii De Cristofori & Jan, 1832 complex from Sicily and re-introduction of the genus Erctella Monterosato, 1894 (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Helicidae)
Authors: COLOMBA M. STELLA , GREGORINI ARMANDO , LIBERTO FABIO , REITANO AGATINO , GIGLIO SALVATORE , SPARACIO IGNAZIO
Published: March 2019

Helix mazzullii De Cristofori & Jan, 1832 s.l.(Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Helicidae) is an endemic, rupicolous, saxicavous taxon of northwestern Sicily. Its populations are vulnerable and it is of great ecological significance. However, its taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography are still uncertain. The present paper reports on a comprehensive analysis of morphological diagnostic characters (shell and genitalia) joined by the molecular study of two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and 12S rRNA) and one nuclear (ITS-2) partial gene sequences, investigated by individual segment analyses or combining the three gene fragments with a concatenate analysis. Our results corroborated the hypothesis that this species is rather a group (i.e., the mazzullii group) including three different taxa (mazzullii, cephalaeditana and insolida) recognized as species. Moreover, molecular dating of lineages suggests that this complex might have occurred long before the Messinian salinity crisis. Finally, peculiar morphological and ecological features along with molecular data strongly support the proposal to re-introduce the genus Erctella Monterosato, 1894 for the H. mazzullii complex. Synonyms and bibliographic references are reported in the systematic part; collection records are listed in Appendix 1.
Cnidocysts of Caryophylliidae and Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia): Taxonomic Distribution and Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: PICCIANI NATASHA , PIRES DÉBORA O. , SILVA HÉLIO R.
Published: March 2019

Caryophylliidae Dana, 1846 and Dendrophylliidae Gray, 1847 are families of widespread hard corals (order Scleractinia) composed mainly of azooxanthellate corals. A growing body of molecular data has provided new insights on hard-coral evolution, suggesting that many of the traditionally recognized families are not monophyletic. The morphology of the skeletal parts has been the only source of evidence for the taxonomy of the group for many years. Soft anatomy has been less explored, and recently, with the increased use of molecular evidence, anatomical studies have decreased in importance. As a result, for many taxa, we know little or nothing about variation in soft tissue morphology and their use for systematics has never been explored. In this study we examined the cnidocysts of two species of caryophylliids and of four dendrophylliids, and synthesized previous studies on the subject. We performed a morphological phylogenetic analysis, based on eight informative characters, which includes eight species of dendrophylliids and 11 caryophylliid taxa. Five taxa belonging to the families Poritidae, Flabellidae, and Fungiacyathidae were also scored for these morphological characters. The aims were to investigate the diversity of cnidocysts in members of the two families and test the monophyly of Dendrophylliidae. The data support a dendrophylliid clade and indicate the presence of b-rhabdoids (1) in mesenterial filaments as a synapomorphy of the family. The taxonomic distribution of two other characters contradicts the clade (Dendrophylliidae + Poritidae) suggested by molecular analyses. Our results reinforce the relevance of soft tissue studies in hard-corals to reconstructing their phylogeny.
A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
Authors: MENDELSON III JOSEPH R. , MULCAHY DANIEL G. , WILLIAMS TYLER S. , SITES JR. JACK W.
Published: March 2019

We combine mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data with non-molecular (morphological and natural history) data to conduct phylogenetic analyses and generate an evolutionary hypothesis for the relationships among nearly every species of Mesoamerican bufonid in the genus Incilius. We collected a total of 5,898 aligned base-pairs (bp) of sequence data from mitochondrial (mtDNA: 12S–16S, cyt b, ND2–CO1, including tRNAsTRP–TYR and the origin of light strand replication; total 4,317 bp) and nuclear (CXCR4 and RAG1; total 1,581 bp) loci from 52 individual toads representing 37 species. For the non-molecular data, we collected 44 characters from 29 species. We also include Crepidophryne, a genus that has not previously been included in molecular analyses. We present results of parsimony and Bayesian analyses for these data separately and combined. Relationships based on the non-molecular data were poorly supported and did not resolve a monophyletic Incilius (Rhinella marina was nested within). Our molecular data provide significant support to most of the relationships. Our combined analyses demonstrate that inclusion of a considerably smaller dataset (44 vs. 5,898 characters) of non-molecular characters can provide significant support where the molecular relationships were lacking support. Our combined results indicate that Crepidophryne is nested within Incilius; therefore, we place the former in the synonymy of the latter taxon. Our study provides the most comprehensive evolutionary framework for Mesoamerican bufonids (Incilius), which we use as a starting point to invoke discussion on the evolution of their unique natural history traits.
Taxonomic review of freshwater Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Iran
Authors: ZAMANPOORE MEHRDAD , GRABOWSKI MICHAL , POECKL MANFRED , SCHIEMER FRIEDRICH
Published: March 2019

The paper summarizes current knowledge upon taxonomy and distribution of the freshwater Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 in Iran. Based on the literature data, 24 species were recorded so far from the fresh waters in the country. Revision of previously published materials including type collections, and analysis of new materials, revealed presence of 18 valid freshwater Gammarus species in Iran (G. anodon, G. bakhteyaricus, G. baloutchi, G. crinicaudatus, G. hegmatanensis, G. komareki, G. lacustris, G. lobifer, G. loeffleri, G. lordeganensis, G. paricrenatus, G. parthicus, G. pretzmanni, G. pseudosyriacus, G. sepidannus, G. shirazinus, G. sirvannus and G. zagrosensis). Among the remaining six species, three (G. arduus, G. laticoxalis, G. syriacus) were reported as a result of misidentification and further three (G. miae, G. plumipes, G. projectus) appeared to be junior synonyms of other already described species. Distribution ranges of most of the species are restricted usually to only few localities in the mountainous terrain, so they may be treated as Iranian endemics. The only exceptions are: G. lacustris (widely distributed in Holarctic, with only few populations in Iran), G. komareki (widely distributed in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, in Iran recorded from the entire Alborz region) and G. pseudosyriacus (widely distributed in Asia Minor, in Iran found in the entire Zagros region). A brief remark on taxonomy of each species is presented, with emphasis on misidentifications, synonymies and similar species, supplemented by distribution data, and ecological details if available. An identification key for the freshwater Gammarus of Iran is provided.
Groundwater, spring and interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Shiga Prefecture, Japan, including descriptions of three new species and one new genus
Authors: SMITH ROBIN J.
Published: March 2019

During surveys of a variety of groundwater, spring and interstitial habitats (e.g. in river bars, domestic wells, springs, and seeps) in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, a total of 15 ostracod species were recovered and identified. Three species and one genus are described for the first time herein, Undulacandona spinula n. gen & n. sp., Cryptocandona tsukagoshii n. sp. and Cavernocypris cavernosa n. sp.. Microdarwinula zimmeri (Menzel, 1916) is reported for the first time from Japan. Dolerocypris ikeyai Smith & Kamiya, 2006, Eucypris pigra (Fischer, 1851) and Cryptocandona brehmi (Klie, 1934) are new records for Shiga Prefecture.
Description of two new species of Pseudochrominae from northern Palawan and Mindoro, Philippine Islands (Teleostei: Perciformes: Pseudochromidae)
Authors: GILL ANTHONY C. , WILLIAMS JEFFREY T.
Published: March 2019

Pseudochromis fuligifinis is described from 12 specimens from Verde Island, west coast of Mindoro and Apo Reef in the Philippines. It closely resembles P. elongatus Lubbock from Indonesia and P. striatus Gill, Shao & Chen from the Batanes Islands, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, but differs in various meristic and coloration details. Manonichthys scintilla is described from five specimens from Coron Island and Apo Reef. It differs from congeners in fin shape and live coloration details.
Systematic revision of the family Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea)
Authors: DRUMM DAVID T. , HEARD RICHARD W.
Published: March 2019

Kalliapseudidae is a family of shallow burrow–dwelling and fossorial marine and estuarine tanaidaceans. There are currently 39 known species in 12 genera and three subfamilies. They are distributed throughout the world’s tropical, subtropical, and temperate coastal waters and, with a few known exceptions, are restricted to depths of less than 200 m. The phylogeny of Kalliapseudidae is assessed to test the monophyly of currently accepted subfamilies and genera, based largely on examination of material loaned from various museums and institutions. Multiple exemplars from other apseudomorph families were also included in the ingroup to test the monophyly of the family. Parsimony analyses included 41 terminal taxa and 64 binary and multistate morphological characters. Analyses based on successive weighting resulted in 20 most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus tree of these most parsimonious trees supported Kalliapseudidae, Kalliapseudinae, Tanapseudes, Cristapseudes, and Mesokalliapseudes as monophyletic. The genus Kalliapseudes could not be resolved, but constraining it to be monophyletic resulted in a significantly worse tree. The subfamilies Hemikalliapseudinae and Tanapseudinae were recovered as polyphyletic and paraphyletic, respectively, but without support. Constraining them to be monophyletic did not result in a significantly worse tree. Results indicated high levels of homoplasy in three morphological characteristics traditionally used to differentiate groups. Alokalliapseudes macsweenyi is transferred back to the genus Mesokalliapseudes, rendering Alokalliapseudes a junior subjective synonym. Nine new taxa, including six species of Kalliapseudes and one species of the genus Cristapseudes, and one new genus (Phoxokalliapseudes) and species (P. singaporensis) were discovered and described. Two species of Kalliapseudes (K. gobinae and K. multiarticulus) are transferred to Phoxokalliapseudes n. gen. Neotypes are designated for K. magnus, C. omercooperi and M. schubarti, and a lectotype is designated for K. mauritanicus. Distribution maps, illustrated keys to the subfamilies, genera and species, and preliminary remarks on biogeographic history are also presented.
Synoptic and Large-Scale Determinants of Extreme Austral Frost Events
Authors: Risbey James S. , Monselesan Didier P. , O’Kane Terence J. , Tozer Carly R. , Pook Michael J. , Hayman Peter T.
Published: March 2019

We define and examine extreme frost events at three station locations across southern Australia. A synoptic assessment of the events shows that they are generally characterized by passage of a front or trough followed by a developing blocking high. Frost typically occurs at the leading edge of the block. The very cold air pool leading to the frost event is the result of descent of cold, dry midtropospheric air parcels from regions poleward of the station. The air is exceptionally cold because it is advected across the strong meridional temperature gradients in the storm track. The air is dry because this equatorward meridional pathway requires descent and so must have origins well above the surface in the dryer midtroposphere. The position of the block and location of the dry descent are dynamically determined by large-scale waveguide modes in the polar jet waveguide. The role of the waveguide modes is deduced from composites of midtropospheric flow anomalies over the days preceding and after the frost events. These show organized wavenumber 3 or 4 wave trains, with the block associated with the frost formed as a node of the wave train. The wave trains resemble known waveguide modes such as the Pacific–South America mode, and the frost event projects clearly onto these modes during their life cycle. The strong interannual and decadal variability of extreme frost events at a location can be understood in light of event dependence on organized waveguide modes.
Work Values in the United States: Age, Period, and Generational Differences
Authors: Kalleberg Arne L. , Marsden Peter V.
Published: March 2019

This article examines how processes of aging, generational shifts, and changes over historical time periods shape differences in work values in the United States. Our analyses of data from the General Social Survey and the International Social Survey Program show that changes over historical time periods are most consistently responsible for differences in work values. In particular, during recent periods, Americans tend to place greater importance on jobs that provide security, high income, and opportunities for advancement; this is consistent with a narrative that these job rewards have become more difficult to attain recently and are thus more problematic for workers. Some differences in work values are also attributable to aging or life course processes, especially the greater importance placed on high income during the mid-life years when family responsibilities are generally greatest. By contrast, we find few differences in work values among members of different generations or cohorts. We also find that people from less advantaged social origins and those with greater labor market resources are more likely to value economic rewards.
How Intergenerational Mobility Shapes Attitudes toward Work and Welfare
Authors: Schuck Bettina , Shore Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Past experiences and expectations about the future shape how people think about work and welfare. Given the uncertainty many young people face when entering the labor market, we investigate whether 1) young peoples’ experiences of social mobility and 2) their future mobility expectations impact their attitudes regarding the meaning of work and welfare. Drawing on the concepts of self-interest and deservingness, we examine how both the experiences and expectations of intergenerational social mobility influence the ways in which young adults view the so-called moral dimension of work and welfare. Results of logistic regression analyses of around 11,000 young adults in eleven countries suggest that the relationship between mobility and individuals’ views on work and welfare varies depending on the dimension of mobility (economic and social origins, for example), with expected future mobility exerting a stronger effect on attitudes than past mobility experiences. We find that self-interest, not empathy with one’s social origins, appears to be the primary driver of these attitudes.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Work Values: Findings on Equivalence in Different Cultural Contexts
Authors: Gesthuizen Maurice , Kovarek Daniel , Rapp Carolin
Published: March 2019

Academic literature emphasizes the importance of work values to job satisfaction and commitment. There is agreement that work values are multidimensional—most often identified as having extrinsic and intrinsic elements. However, little work has gone into assessing the measurement invariance of work values in different contexts. In this contribution, we ask, Do we find similar patterns of extrinsic and intrinsic work values across different cultural contexts? As such, we investigate the validity of work values when they are applied in cross-national analyses by identifying sets of items that can be translated into scales of extrinsic and intrinsic work values that carry a similar meaning in those cultural contexts. We thus want to know which items that make up work values are best understood in diverse contexts and are most suitable for cross-cultural analysis. We tackle this issue by relying on the European Values Study 2008, as well as the CUPESSE data from 2016. The results reveal that there is a trade-off between the number of items researchers use to study work values and the number of countries analyzed if we aim for a more equivalent analysis of work values across Europe.
The Effect of Unemployment and Low-Quality Work Conditions on Work Values: Exploring the Experiences of Young Europeans
Authors: Rainsford Emily , Maloney William A. , Popa Sebastian Adrian
Published: March 2019

This article examines the impact that unemployment and low-quality work conditions have on young adults’ work values. Academic theory suggests that harsher economic conditions will make people prize extrinsic work values (income, security) more and intrinsic work values (creative, independent working conditions, autonomy) less. We apply this reasoning to study young Europeans’ response to unemployment and low-quality work conditions, expecting that those who have these experiences will value extrinsic values more and intrinsic work values less than those who do not have these experiences. Using the CUPESSE dataset of 18- to 35-year-olds in eleven European countries, we do not find support for the effect of previous unemployment experience on intrinsic or extrinsic work values. However, when it comes to the effect of low-quality work conditions, there are mixed results. We find that one dimension of low-quality work conditions—overqualification—does have a positive effect on extrinsic work values. Further, we find that age has a moderating effect: unemployment and low-quality work conditions have a larger impact on the younger workers in our sample than their older counterparts.
Work Values and Political Participation: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Visser Mark , Gesthuizen Maurice , Kraaykamp Gerbert
Published: March 2019

This study examines to what extent extrinsic and intrinsic work values are associated with nonelectoral political participation, such as signing a petition and taking part in a public demonstration. We examine whether individualism and economic factors at the country level moderate the relation between work values and political participation. Using data from two rounds of the European Social Survey covering thirty-one countries ( N = 55,927), results show that people who are extrinsically motivated are less politically active, while people who are intrinsically motivated are more politically active. Comparatively low national wealth weakens these relations. Findings also reveal that people who highly value extrinsic job rewards are even less politically active in individualist countries, whereas people who highly value intrinsic job aspects are more politically engaged in those countries. Overall, this study adds to understanding who is politically active and under which conditions.
The Value Added of Studying Work Attitudes and Values: Some Lessons to Learn
Authors: Tosun Jale , Kraaykamp Gerbert , Cemalcilar Zeynep
Published: March 2019

Work is one of the most valued activities of individuals’ lives. Attitudes toward work not only influence work-related outcomes, such as income, but also hold sway over personal well-being and satisfaction with politico-administrative institutions. Consequently, country-comparative research aimed at learning about the determinants of individuals’ work attitudes and values and their consequences is worthwhile and offers insights that are relevant for many disciplines. In this epilogue, we summarize the main insights produced by the contributions to this volume on the antecedents and consequences of work attitudes and values as well as draw some broader conclusions.
Transmission of Work Attitudes and Values: Comparisons, Consequences, and Implications
Authors: Kraaykamp Gerbert , Cemalcilar Zeynep , Tosun Jale
Published: March 2019

Are attitudes toward work and perceptions of the benefits of work transmitted from parents to youth similarly across a variety of cultural contexts? What determines the centrality of work to one’s life? How are intrinsic work values (intangible rewards such as autonomy, learning opportunities, and self-fulfillment) and extrinsic work values (such as status, income, and financial safety) shaped; and how do these work attitudes have consequences in the political, economic, and well-being domains? Are the determinants of work values robust across countries, and do the consequences of having certain work values differ by country? These research questions guide this issue of The ANNALS. This introductory article clarifies key concepts underlying the volume and provides an overview of the data sources and analytic approaches addressed in the individual contributions. Most importantly, we provide a broad theoretical framework with notions from various disciplines aimed at giving readers a fuller grasp of the multifaceted significance of work values.
Punishment Beyond the Deportee: The Collateral Consequences of Deportation
Authors: Golash-Boza Tanya
Published: March 2019

Deportations from the United States reached record highs in the aftermath of the Great Recession (2007-2009). At the peak of this wave of deportations, over 400,000 people were deported from the United States—as many in 1 year as in the entire decade of the 1980s. The majority of these deportees have U.S. citizen family members, nearly all of whom continue to live in the United States. Over 90% of these deportees are men, and nearly all are sent to Latin America, creating gendered and raced consequences for specific communities. This article draws from interviews with 27 people from California who experienced the deportation of a family member to provide insight into the effects of deportation on these families. This article builds on scholarship on the collateral consequences of incarceration to enhance our understanding of the collateral consequences of deportation. The findings reveal that family members face short, medium, and long-term consequences in the aftermath of a deportation and that many adolescents are forced to make an abrupt transition to adulthood when one or both of their parents is deported.
Co-Orientation Between Publics in Two Countries: A Decade Later
Authors: Tkalac Verčič Ana , Verčič Dejan , Laco Kristina
Published: March 2019

Thirteen years ago, a study was conducted in which authors opened a question of applying co-orientation theory in studying communication behavior between two countries. The original study had two primary objectives: to compare attitudes toward certain issues relevant for the two nations and to examine degrees of agreement, accuracy, and congruency between two nations under the co-orientation model. The original study was later extended with another one in which authors included a third country and introduced not only evaluations of two countries’ attitudes toward a third country but also evaluations of opinions the two countries have between themselves (and to which the first is only an observer). They called it “second-order co-orientation.” More than a decade later, the original study was replicated to test how potential agreement, accuracy, and congruency between the two counties on these issues have changed over time.
A meta-analysis of controlled studies comparing the association between clozapine and other antipsychotic medications and the development of neutropenia
Authors: Myles Nicholas , Myles Hannah , Xia Shelley , Large Matthew , Bird Robert , Galletly Cherrie , Kisely Steve , Siskind Dan
Published: March 2019

Background:

In most countries, clozapine can only be prescribed with regular monitoring of white blood cell counts because of concerns that clozapine has a stronger association with neutropenia than other antipsychotics. However, this has not been previously demonstrated conclusively with meta-analysis of controlled studies.

Methods:

The aim of this study was to assess the strength of the association between clozapine and neutropenia when compared to other antipsychotic medications by a meta-analysis of controlled studies. An electronic search of Medline (1948–2018), PsycINFO (1967–2018) and Embase (1947–2018) using search terms (clozapine OR clopine OR clozaril OR zaponex) AND (neutropenia OR agranulocytosis) was undertaken. Random-effects meta-analysis using Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio was used to assess the strength of the effect size.

Results:

We located 20 studies that reported rates of neutropenia associated with clozapine and other antipsychotic medications. The risk ratio was not significantly increased in clozapine-exposed groups compared to exposure to other antipsychotic medications (Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = [0.87, 2.42]). This also applied to severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 500 per µL) when compared to other antipsychotics (Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval = [0.58, 4.71]). The relative risk of neutropenia associated with clozapine exposure was not significantly associated with any individual antipsychotic medication.

Conclusion:

Data from controlled trials do not support the belief that clozapine has a stronger association with neutropenia than other antipsychotic medications. This implies that either all antipsychotic drugs should be subjected to haematological monitoring or monitoring isolated to clozapine is not justified.
Rendering unto Caesar: Whose Head on the Coin?
Authors: Gray-Fow Michael
Published: March 2019

This paper focusses on the coin that, according to the Synoptics, was presented to Jesus over the question of paying tribute to Caesar, not so much which kind of coin it was (though the issue is mentioned) but whose head was on the coin.
Parenting in exile: Refugee parents’ multivoiced narratives
Authors: Bergset Kari , Ulvik Oddbjørg Skjær
Published: March 2019

This article investigates how refugees’ narratives of parental practices can be explored and conceptualised. Existing research approaches are critically discussed. Interviews are carried out with parents in 16 refugee families, resettled in Norway, and the narratives of their parental practices are analysed by applying the Bakhtinian concept of multivoicedness. Several contradictory mother- and father-voices are identified. Multivoicedness proves to be a fruitful concept for understanding the complexities of refugees’ parental practices and their meaning-making in a new host country. Our analyses may contribute to less discriminatory social work practices. The analytical results are presented mainly by examining a detailed case.
Longitudinal Mechanisms Linking Perceived Racial Discrimination to Aggressive Delinquency among North American Indigenous Youth
Authors: Hautala Dane , Sittner Kelley
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

Drawing from an integrated general strain theory framework, the purpose of the study is to examine the longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms linking perceived racial discrimination with aggressive delinquency among North American Indigenous (i.e., American Indian and Canadian First Nations) youth.

Method:

Data come from an eight-year longitudinal study of Indigenous youth residing on reservations/reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada ( N = 659). Scales were created for discrimination, depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations at years 2 and 3, and a count measure of aggression was created at years 2, 3, and 5. Cross-lagged path analysis models were estimated to examine possible mediating effects of depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations. Separate regression models were examined to test for possible moderating effects of the aforementioned variables.

Results:

The results of a longitudinal path analysis model showed that discrimination indirectly increased aggression through decreased school bonds and increased delinquent peer associations. Depressive symptoms was the only significant moderator, and contrary to expectations, the effect of discrimination on aggression declined in magnitude as depressive symptoms increased.

Conclusions:

Discrimination is a key criminogenic stressor among Indigenous youth and is linked with multiple adverse outcomes through the adolescent years.
Capturing Cross-linguistic Differences in Macro-rhythm: The Case of Italian and English
Authors: Polyanskaya Leona , Busà Maria Grazia , Ordin Mikhail
Published: March 2019

We tested the hypothesis that languages can be classified by their degree of tonal rhythm (Jun, 2014). The tonal rhythms of English and Italian were quantified using the following parameters: (a) regularity of tonal alternations in time, measured as durational variability in peak-to-peak and valley-to-valley intervals; (b) magnitude of F0 excursions, measured as the range of frequencies covered by the speaker between consecutive F0 maxima and minima; (c) number of tonal target points per intonational unit; and (d) similarity of F0 rising and falling contours within intonational units. The results show that, as predicted by Jun’s prosodic typology (2014), Italian has a stronger tonal rhythm than English, expressed by higher regularity in the distribution of F0 minima turning points, larger F0 excursions, and more frequent tonal targets, indicating alternating phonological H and L tones. This cross-language difference can be explained by the relative load of F0 and durational ratios on the perception and production of speech rhythm and prominence. We suggest that research on the role of speech rhythm in speech processing and language acquisition should not be restricted to syllabic rhythm, but should also examine the role of cross-language differences in tonal rhythm.
Taste for democracy: A critique of the mechanical paradigm in education
Authors: Hansen Dion Rüsselbæk , Phelan Anne M
Published: March 2019

In this article we argue for the need to rethink the crisis of democracy both within and beyond education (Toft and Rüsselbæk Hansen, 2017). This crisis can be explained variously, depending on how it is understood and on what basis. From our point of view, and with inspiration from thinkers as Nietzsche, Arendt, Agamben and Rancière, we argue that the crisis of democracy in today’s schools is related in part to the weak form of authority ascribed to certain individual and collective aesthetic experiences. The scientific experience has been assigned a strong form of ‘evidenced based authority’. As a result of a powerful belief that not all forms of experiences, for instance the aesthetical ones, which are not based on a mechanical logic, are worth paying attention to and are of value, scientific experience has gained hegemonic status. Illustrated by several examples, which stem from both Danish and Canadian educational contexts, we show how aesthetic experiences have the potential to revitalize democratic practices and undermine tyrannical regimes of technocracy in education. We recommend that the concept of Bildung (self-cultivation), which is orientated towards vertical (Apollonian) as well as horizontal (Dionysian) transcending processes, must be given renewed attention. Opportunities for students to play with and suspend the social order, even temporarily, are important if students are to experience themselves, others and the world in new ways. By engaging students’ aesthetic sensibilities in multiple ways, playful schools both produce and provoke the dominant social order thereby fostering students’ taste for democracy.
Discrimination or Motivation? Black Coaches and College Basketball Polls
Authors: Nutting Andrew W.
Published: March 2019

From 2005 to 2015, when ranked teams in the college basketball Media and Coaches Polls played each other, the better-ranked team ceteris paribus won more often when its head coach was Black and the opposing coach was White. This suggests pollsters underrated—discriminated against—highly ranked Black coaches. Coach race did not affect game outcome in the computer-based Sagarin Poll. Black-coached teams lost more often to unranked opponents, though, which is inconsistent with discrimination against them. An alternative possibility is that Black coaches were particularly motivated to avoid upsets by White-coached Top 25 teams, especially in years after many prominent Black coaches had lost their jobs.